bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing an experimental agent to a standard agent: relative merits of a one-arm or randomized two-arm Phase II design
Authors: Taylor Jeremy MG , Braun Thomas M , Li Zhiguo
Published: January 2017

Background Phase II clinical trials in cancer are used to assess whether a new agent has sufficiently promising efficacy to proceed on to a larger definitive study comparing the new agent to a standard agent.

Purpose A crucial issue in determining the usefulness of a one-arm design is the uncertainty of the historical response rate of the standard therapy. Therefore, we contrast the usual one-arm design of a Phase II trial with a randomized two-arm design that uses the same number of patients.

Methods We use simulations and analytical approximations to compare the two designs under a range of realistic values for the historical rate uncertainty and a range of treatment effects. We also extend the simulation model to compare the efficiency of the two designs in settings where multiple Phase II studies are used to make decisions about moving on to a Phase III study.

Results For a one-arm design the probability of correctly identifying an effective experimental agent tends to be at least 0.7 in the cases considered, with the corresponding value for a randomized two-arm design within 0.05-0.10 above or below the one-arm design. An increase in total sample size from 30 patients to 80 patients tends to increase the probability of correctly identifying an effective experiment agent more in the two-arm design than the the one-arm design, particularly when the uncertainty in the historical response rate is large.

Limitations These results for binary response measures are derived from the specific scenarios and assumptions considered in the simulation study and may not apply to situations outside the range considered.

Conclusions We find that a one-arm design is preferred for small sample sizes, but a two-arm design may be preferred with larger sample sizes or if the uncertainty in the historical response rates is large.
Latent human cytomegalovirus enhances HIV-1 infection in CD34+ progenitor cells
Authors: Cheung Allen Ka Loon , Huang Yiru , Kwok Hau Yee , Chen Min , Chen Zhiwei
Published: January 2017

Key Points

HCMV latency modulates host CD34+ cells in favoring HIV-1 infection. Latent HCMV upregulates HIV entry coreceptors and downregulates HIV restriction factors in CD34+ cells.
Flow-induced anisotropic viscosity in short FRPs
Authors: Bertóti Róbert , Böhlke Thomas
Published: January 2017

Background

The commonly used flow models for Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) often neglect the flow-induced anisotropy of the suspension, but with increasing fiber volume fraction, this plays an important role. There exist already some models which count on this effect. They are, however, phenomenological and need a fitted model parameter. In this paper, a micromechanically-based constitutive law is proposed which considers the flow-induced anisotropic viscosity of the fiber suspension.

Methods

The introduced viscosity tensor can handle arbitrary anisotropy of the fluid-fiber suspension which depends on the actual fiber orientation distribution. Assuming incompressible material behaviour, a homogenization method for unidirectional structures in contribution with orientation averaging is used to determine the effective viscosity tensor. The motion of rigid ellipsoidal fibers induced by the flow of the matrix material is described based on Jeffery’s equation. The reorientation of the fibers is modeled in two ways: by describing them with fiber orientation vectors, and by fiber orientation tensors. A numerical implementation of the introduced model is applied to representative flow modes.

Results

The predicted effective stress values depending on the actual fiber orientation distribution through the anisotropic viscosity are analyzed in transient and stationary flow cases. In the case of the assumed incompressibility, they show similar effective viscous material behaviour as the results obtained by the use of the Dinh-Armstrong constitutive law.

Conclusions

The introduced model is a possible way to describe the flow-induced anisotropic viscosity of a fluid-fiber suspension based on the mean field theory.
Planar cell polarity in moving cells: think globally, act locally
Authors: Davey Crystal F. , Moens Cecilia B.
Published: January 2017

The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is best known for its role in polarizing epithelial cells within the plane of a tissue but it also plays a role in a range of cell migration events during development. The mechanism by which the PCP pathway polarizes stationary epithelial cells is well characterized, but how PCP signaling functions to regulate more dynamic cell behaviors during directed cell migration is much less understood. Here, we review recent discoveries regarding the localization of PCP proteins in migrating cells and their impact on the cell biology of collective and individual cell migratory behaviors.
METODOLOGIA PARA SELEÇÃO DOS FATORES DETERMINANTES DA CAPACIDADE INOVATIVA EMPRESARIAL: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DO SETOR DE VESTUÁRIO DO CEARÁ
Authors: Weersma Menno Rutger , Weersma Laodicéia Amorim
Published: January 2017

Em ambientes concorrenciais, o mercado passa a ser um lócus de seleção de empresas, impondo a adoção de estratégias competitivas que promovam inovação. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo tem como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia de seleção dos determinantes da capacidade inovativa empresarial. Tem-se como objetivos específicos identificar os fatores internos e os fatores externos à empresa que contribuem em sua capacidade inovativa. Utiliza-se da pesquisa descritiva mediante survey junto às empresas do setor de vestuário do Estado do Ceará. Os resultados evidenciam a importância da seleção dos determinantes da capacidade inovativa, no sentido de fornecer informações que possam subsidiar a gestão estratégica de forma acessível a seus gestores. A pesquisa permitiu identificar os fatores determinantes da capacidade inovativa: aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos; introdução das inovações tecnológicas no mercado; marcas; tempo de liderança sobre os competidores; e financiamento exclusivo para a compra de máquinas e equipamentos utilizados para inovar.
OPORTUNIDADE OU NECESSIDADE? UM ESTUDO DO IMPACTO DO EMPREENDEDORISMO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO
Authors: Rocha Estevão Lima de Carvalho
Published: January 2017

Este artigo aborda a importância do empreendedorismo para o crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico, à luz da motivação para se iniciar um negócio: se por necessidade ou por oportunidade. Nesse contexto, no quadro teórico são apresentados os conceitos de empreendedorismo, desenvolvimento econômico e a relação entre estes fenômenos. As variáveis utilizadas nesse estudo foram a razão entre as taxas de empreendedorismo por oportunidade e por necessidade divulgadas pelo Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) divulgado pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). Os dados foram coletados nos relatórios da pesquisa GEM e no Relatório de Desenvolvimento Humano (RDH). O período estudado foi do ano de 2006 a 2010. A análise de regressão simples foi utilizada para aferir o comportamento entre as duas variáveis. Os resultados indicaram que existe uma relação positiva moderada entre as duas variáveis e que o empreendedorismo por oportunidade é mais benéfico para o desenvolvimento econômico dos países, embora o empreendedorismo por necessidade tenha sua relevância como alternativa para o desemprego.
ANÁLISE DA SATISFAÇÃO DOS ATORES DO CANAL DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO: RELAÇÃO FORNECEDOR LOCAL / GRANDE DISTRIBUIÇÃO
Authors: Costa Larisse Oliveira , Fernandez Dominique Bonet
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a satisfação entre os membros do canal de distribuição de alimentos, em especial os fornecedores locais e os grandes varejistas, a fim de identificar se existe uma satisfação nesta relação. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foram abordados alguns conceitos sobre a teoria comportamental, bem como suas variáveis que foram identificadas na literatura. Entre as variáveis, a pesquisa deu ênfase ao conflito e à cooperação, bem como ao poder e à dependência como sendo variáveis que influenciam na satisfação dos atores do canal. O trabalho realizado teve um carater exploratório, empírico, e uma abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada na cidade de Fortaleza com as três maiores redes de supermercado do Brasil e com 22 fornecedores locais, todos localizados em Fortaleza. Para analisar os resultados obtidos, foi feita uma análise do conteúdo temático, utilizando-se o programa Tropes. A partir da pesquisa, concluiu-se que existe satisfação por parte das grandes redes de supermercados, percebendo-se uma relação de cooperação, parceria e confiança entre os atores; porém, com a relação aos fornecedores locais, os resultados foram distintos, principalmente os relacionados ao porte dos fornecedores.
A ÉTICA NA CULTURA E NA ESCOLHA
Authors: Sanchez Janina Mirtha Gladys Moquillaza
Published: January 2017

Este ensaio tem por objetivo refletir sobre a administração da cidade e a preservação de práticas culturais organizacionais que legitimam ações na dinâmica da ética na cultura. Analisam-se, especificamente, as escolhas feitas pela família e as repercussões na vulnerabilidade da segurança do cidadão na cidade. As reflexões teóricas recorrem a Serres (2003, 1997a, 1997b, 1990), sobre a cidadania como ética e o parasita na sociedade; à metodologia e teoria para análise das culturas de Durand (2008, 2002); a proposta mitohermenêutica de Ferreira-Santos (2004), um parâmetro para práticas sociais e educativas hermesianas, mediadoras, e estudos e pesquisas mitohermenêuticas de Sanches sobre a interculturalidade na educação (2011, 2010a, 2010b). Nos resultados encontrados, tendo por um lado as pressões institucionais, sociais, pela responsabilidade política e moral da família, e por outro, a simbologia manifesta na dinâmica da cultura, as práticas de princípios éticos são banalizados, assim como é ignorado o olhar ingênuo na construção da cidadania e no tipo de percepção da responsabilidade pelas consequências das escolhas feitas.
EMPREENDEDORISMO SUSTENTÁVEL: ESTUDO MULTICASO DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE EM EMPRESAS INCUBADAS
Authors: Pimentel Themisa Araújo Barroso , Oliveira Leonel Gois Lima
Published: January 2017

O estudo multicaso procurou analisar a incorporação das dimensões da sustentabilidade empresarial em empresas incubadas, verificando a compreensão dos empreendedores quanto à sustentabilidade empresarial e identificando, entre as dimensões social e ambiental da sustentabilidade, qual predomina como preocupação emergente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva. A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica realizada, um roteiro de entrevista foi desenvolvido, estruturado sobre quatro construtos. Foram entrevistados três dos quatro empreendedores atendidos pelo PARTEC, incubadora de empresas do NUTEC, visando a ampliar os achados da revisão bibliográfica. Verificou-se que a definição de sustentabilidade empresarial mais aceita se refere apenas às dimensões econômica e ambiental, ficando a social em segundo plano. Entretanto, perceberam-se dificuldades na compreensão do tema entre os consultados. Os empreendedores priorizam a dimensão ambiental sobre a social em suas atividades.
ALINHAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO DE UMA CONCESSIONÁRIA DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA E SUAS EMPRESAS TERCEIRIZADAS: ESTUDO DESCRITIVO PÓS-IMPLANTAÇÃO DE INDICADORES DE DESEMPENHO
Authors: Pinheiro Jamilly Da Silva , Costa Airton Filho Nascimento da , Weersma Menno Rutger , Weersma Laodicéia Amorim
Published: January 2017

No cenário de internacionalização das economias, o advento das modernas formas de gestão suscita a adoção de novos modelos institucionais que estimulem a competitividade das empresas brasileiras. Entre essas mudanças, tem-se a privatização do setor elétrico e a emergência do modelo de gestão por terceirização com a finalidade de promover a redução de custos, economia de recursos e descentralização de atividades. A partir dessa temática, delineia-se como objetivo analisar o alinhamento estratégico entre empresas terceirizadas e uma concessionária de distribuição de energia elétrica por meio de indicadores de desempenho. Para tanto, utiliza-se de pesquisa descritiva mediante base de dados secundária, na qual constam informações provenientes de pesquisa de monitoramento de indicadores de 12 empresas terceirizadas de uma distribuidora de energia elétrica, além das informações da pesquisa de clima de 1800 colaboradores. Os principais resultados evidenciam melhoria do negócio das empresas terceirizadas e da distribuidora, sobretudo, pelo fato do modelo de avaliação implantado promover maior aproximação entre contratante e contratadas o que permite melhor sincronismo no alinhamento estratégico dessas empresas.
DISCLOSURE DE RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL EM EMPRESAS DO SETOR DE BIOCOMBUSTÍVEL DA BM&F BOVESPA
Authors: Nobre Fábio Chaves , Sousa Adail José de , Prado Eduardo Vieira do , Nazareth Luiz Gustavo Camarano , Castro Dagmar Silva Pinto de
Published: January 2017

Por muito tempo, tem-se discutido a importância da evidenciação de informações sobre a Responsabilidade Social das empresas, tornando os efeitos de suas atividades econômicas mais transparentes para a sociedade. O interesse nessas informações não é exclusividade do governo, mas também dos stakeholders, (proprietários, gestores, trabalhadores e investidores potenciais). O objetivo deste trabalho é calcular e avaliar as informações referentes ao disclosure voluntário e involuntário de responsabilidade social disponibilizadas em websites das empresas produtoras de petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis vinculadas ao novo mercado do BM&F Bovespa. Esta pesquisa possui uma abordagem qualitativa com amostra não probabilística, intencional e por conveniência. Os resultados apontam que, de maneira geral, o disclosure voluntário é mais evidenciado que o disclosure obrigatório. A Empresa Petrobras foi a que apresentou maiores níveis de divulgação obrigatória e voluntária. Em relação aos itens de análise, observou-se que “comportamento ético” (60% de disclosure) e “Respeito pelas normas internacionais de comportamento” (66% de disclosure), ambos pertencentes à divulgação voluntária, apresentaram os níveis mais altos de divulgação.
ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DO CURSO E DA PRÁTICA DO EMPREENDEDORISMO NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS ALUNOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Weersma Laodicéia Amorim , Santos Vanessa Pio dos , Weersma Menno Rutger , Rocha Estevão Lima de Carvalho
Published: January 2017

A prática do empreendedorismo tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil. Todavia, a mortalidade precoce das empresas é constante. Com a intenção de mudar a situação, criam-se cursos sobre empreendedorismo em diversos níveis da educação, o que tem exigido atenção das instituições acerca da qualidade desses programas. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo tem como objetivos analisar a qualidade do curso e a prática do empreendedorismo na percepção dos alunos de graduação em administração, bem como identificar os atributos que representam as expectativas desses alunos acerca do assunto. Para tanto, utiliza-se de pesquisa com aplicação de survey junto a 80 alunos do curso de graduação em Administração de três instituições privadas do ensino superior em Fortaleza. Os principais resultados do estudo evidenciam que cerca 46% dos estudantes consideraram ter desenvolvido, fortemente, o grau das práticas empreendedoras. Dos fatores considerados sobre a qualidade do Curso de Administração, o atributo de maior desempenho foi a Qualidade do Curso para o Mercado de Trabalho, constituindo-se o fator determinante para o sucesso dos Cursos de Administração.
ANÁLISE DOS PROPÓSITOS DE PRÁTICAS DE RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL DE INDÚSTRIAS CEARENSES PARTICIPANTES DO PRÊMIO SESI DE QUALIDADE NO TRABALHO
Authors: Andrade Raphael De Jesus Campos de , Weersma Laodicéia Amorim , Ribeiro Eleazar De Castro
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar os propósitos de práticas de Responsabilidade Social de indústrias cearenses participantes do Prêmio SESI de Qualidade no Trabalho (PSQT); trata-se de empresas que: a) decidiram concorrer a um prêmio que avalia suas práticas sob a perspectiva da Responsabilidade Social; b) deram-se ao trabalho, para concorrer a tal prêmio, de escrever e submeter suas próprias práticas de Responsabilidade Social e; c) puderam ter suas práticas acessadas e utilizadas como objeto de pesquisa documental e análise de conteúdo neste trabalho. Com isso, encontrou-se como resultado principal que as indústrias pesquisadas se inspiram pelos propósitos recomendados pela teoria, mas quase sempre os adaptam às perspectivas dos acionistas.
CONSUMO ÉTICO E SEUS IMPACTOS: DETERMINANTES DO COMPORTAMENTO DO CONSUMIDOR BRASILEIRO
Authors: Coelho Arnaldo Fernandes Matos , França Marina De Souza , Weersma Laodicéia Amorim , Weersma Menno Rutger
Published: January 2017

A demanda por produtos e serviços que respeitem o meio ambiente e a sociedade tem-se tornado intensa, em especial, diante do esgotamento do modelo de consumo subjacente ao capitalismo contemporâneo. Este fato faz que os cidadãos busquem alternativas de consumo que tragam benefícios à comunidade, não só em curto, mas também em longo prazo. Neste sentido, este estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar os principais determinantes do comportamento do consumidor no contexto brasileiro, face ao consumo ético. Para concretizar esse objetivo, foi elaborada uma pesquisa aplicada a 308 brasileiros com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos e que residissem no País. Dessa análise, resultaram evidências de que as variáveis individualismo, egoísmo e orientação comunitária possuem significância na explicação do comportamento ético dos consumidores brasileiros e que o consumo ético pode impactar na sensibilidade ao preço, na satisfação com a vida e na compra compulsiva. Presume-se, então, que o presente estudo será relevante para as empresas de diversos portes e setores, atuantes ou que pretendam atuar no mercado brasileiro, como forma de contribuir para a caracterização de novos segmentos de mercado, bem como para servir de orientação para análises de comportamento de compra.
O MODELO DE NEGÓCIOS DO SETOR EDITORIAL CEARENSE COM O AUXÍLIO CANVAS
Authors: Souza Elnivan Moreira de , Sousa Jocasta Saraiva de , Sousa Felipe Gerhard Paula , Souza Lucas Lopes Ferreira de
Published: January 2017

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é construir o quadro Canvas unificado do setor editorial cearense. Como objetivos específicos, esta pesquisa se propõe a: i. Identificar o Modelo de Negócios de três editoras cearenses por meio dos nove blocos que estruturam a ferramenta Canvas; ii. Relacionar melhorias para o aperfeiçoamento do Modelo de negócios do Mercado Editorial Cearense com as novas tendências do mercado nacional. Para tal, será realizada uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória de natureza qualitativa. Quanto aos meios, a pesquisa classifica-se como bibliográfica e estudo de caso. Nas entrevistas, foram abordados assuntos como: quais os segmentos de clientes, proposta de valor oferecida pela empresa, recursos-chave e suas receitas. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, percebeu-se o crescente uso de ferramentas digitais de produção, utilização e compra dos produtos e serviços ofertados pelas empresas gráficas, decorrente de uma forte imposição mercadológica. Do mesmo modo, observa-se a concorrência cada vez mais presente de empresas internacionais e inter-regionais no setor gráfico cearense, exigindo a remodelação das atividades e recursos que compõem a plataforma de negócios do setor.
Fairness in scientific publishing
Authors: Matthews Philippa C.
Published: January 2017

Major changes are afoot in the world of academic publishing, exemplified by innovations in publishing platforms, new approaches to metrics, improvements in our approach to peer review, and a focus on developing and encouraging open access to scientific literature and data.

The FAIR acronym recommends that authors and publishers should aim to make their output Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. In this opinion article, I explore the parallel view that we should take a collective stance on making the dissemination of scientific data fair in the conventional sense, by being mindful of equity and justice for patients, clinicians, academics, publishers, funders and academic institutions.

The views I represent are founded on oral and written dialogue with clinicians, academics and the publishing industry. Further progress is needed to improve collaboration and dialogue between these groups, to reduce misinterpretation of metrics, to minimise inequity that arises as a consequence of geographic setting, to improve economic sustainability, and to broaden the spectrum, scope, and diversity of scientific publication.
Effect of antibiotics on bacterial populations: a multi-hierarchical selection process
Authors: Martínez José Luis
Published: January 2017

Antibiotics have been widely used for a number of decades for human therapy and farming production. Since a high percentage of antibiotics are discharged from the human or animal body without degradation, this means that different habitats, from the human body to river water or soils, are polluted with antibiotics. In this situation, it is expected that the variable concentration of this type of microbial inhibitor present in different ecosystems may affect the structure and the productivity of the microbiota colonizing such habitats. This effect can occur at different levels, including changes in the overall structure of the population, selection of resistant organisms, or alterations in bacterial physiology. In this review, I discuss the available information on how the presence of antibiotics may alter the microbiota and the consequences of such alterations for human health and for the activity of microbiota from different habitats.
Making the most of RNA-seq: Pre-processing sequencing data with Opossum for reliable SNP variant detection
Authors: Oikkonen Laura , Lise Stefano
Published: January 2017

Identifying variants from RNA-seq (transcriptome sequencing) data is a cost-effective and versatile alternative to whole-genome sequencing. However, current variant callers do not generally behave well with RNA-seq data due to reads encompassing intronic regions. We have developed a software programme called Opossum to address this problem. Opossum pre-processes RNA-seq reads prior to variant calling, and although it has been designed to work specifically with Platypus, it can be used equally well with other variant callers such as GATK HaplotypeCaller. In this work, we show that using Opossum in conjunction with either Platypus or GATK HaplotypeCaller maintains precision and improves the sensitivity for SNP detection compared to the GATK Best Practices pipeline. In addition, using it in combination with Platypus offers a substantial reduction in run times compared to the GATK pipeline so it is ideal when there are only limited time or computational resources available.
Modaalkonstruktsioonid eesti ja soome palvetes
Authors: Klaas-Lang Birute , Pajusalu Renate
Published: January 2017

Kokkuvõte. Siinses artiklis vaatleme modaalverbide ja neile funktsionaalselt lähedaste väljendite kasutust eesti ja soome palvetes ja küsimustes. Mõlemas keeles on palju sarnase algupäraga modaalkonstruktsioone, kuid nende funktsioneerimine palve ja küsimuse pehmendajatena on osaliselt erinev. Materjal pärineb diskursuse täiendamise ülesandest, milles emakeelsetel keelejuhtidel paluti kirjutada, mida nad kirjeldatud olu korras teeksid. Modaalpredikaatide võrdlus näitab, et nende esinemise üldsagedus palvetes on eesti ja soome keeles enam-vähem võrdne, kuid soome keeles on nad sagedamini konditsionaalis. Küsimuste pehmendamisel on konditsionaali mõlemas keeles märgatavalt vähem kui palvete puhul. Artiklis vaadeldakse ka sagedamate modaalverbide (saama/saada, võima/voida jm) esinemist eri situatsioonides.Abstract. Birute Klaas-Lang and Renate Pajusalu: Modal constructions in Estonian and Finnish requests. The aim of this article is to compare Estonian and Finnish modal verbs and other modal predicates in requests and questions. Written discourse completion tasks were used as a method. Native speakers were asked to write what they would say in 10 different scenarios. The scenarios were constructed so that they provided maximum variety of context for the requests and questions (from institutional to colloquial and from written to oral). The article concentrates on modal predicates, many of which have the same origin in Estonian and Finnish but are used somewhat differently. The overall number of modal verbs used to soften requests and questions was approximately the same in Estonian and Finnish. In the Estonian data, the modal constructions of main acts were in conditional form in 58% of the cases, in the Finnish data in 84% of the cases; thus in the Finnish data the conditional is much more frequent. The typical modal verb in the Estonian data is saama ‘get’, whereas in the Finnish data it is voida ‘can’. In the Estonian data some variation is possible: Estonian võima ‘can’ occurs as well, despite being considerably less frequent. In the Finnish data saada ‘get’ was present only in the sense of acquisition or success which is not included in the current table. Other modal constructions were represented in the data surprisingly evenly in both languages. Only oskama/osata ‘can, know’ showed a slight difference, being noticeably more frequent in the Estonian questions than in the Finnish ones. The article also examines the modal predicates in other response texts. A tendency to use more speaker-oriented modal verbs expressing mainly desire and obligation can be observed in the Estonian data. On the basis of modal verbs only, it would also be possible to conclude here that in the Estonian requests the speaker’s obligation is expressed more frequently (I should send the abstract, need to submit the certificate, etc.).Keywords: politeness; directives; questions; modality; Estonian; Finnish
Võima, saama ja suutma prantsuse modaalverbi pouvoir vastetena. Võimalikkuse määratlemine ja rõhutamine eituses
Authors: Käsper Marge
Published: January 2017

Kokkuvõte. Artiklis analüüsitakse eesti-prantsuse paralleelkorpuse (www.estfra.ee) põhjal, kuidas jagunevad prantsuse keeles võimalikkuse väljendamisega seotud modaalverbi pouvoir peamised modaalverbilised vasted eesti keeles (võima, saama, suutma). Lausungis väljenduvat tähendust analüüsitakse eituse, määruste tüüpide, verbisemantika ning rõhupartiklite kasutuse kaudu, jälgides modaalsust määravate elementide kombineerumist lausekontekstides. Käsitades eitust kui vormi, mis toob esiplaanile lausungis väljendatavad võimalikkuse piirangud, keskendutakse sageli eitavatena esinevate saama ja suutma tähenduspotentsiaalide määratlemisele, vastandamaks neid sagedaimale tõlkevastele võima, mille kasutuskontekst on enamasti jaatav. Võima kasutuskontekste kirjeldatakse kui tingimuskonstruktsioonide kaudu kujutatavat võimalikkust. Saama puhul näitab analüüs võimalikkuse tingimuste määratlemist ruumiliste vms konkretiseerivalt määratlevate adverbiaalsete konstruktsioonide kaudu, tingivas kõneviisis toetavad selle verbi evidentsiaalsusega seotavat tähenduspotentsiaali leksikaalsed või deiktiliselt osutavad lausekomponendid. Eitavas vormis verbiga suutma koos esinevate ajamääratluste ning rõhupartiklite analüüs näitab ühelt poolt suutlikkuse seost väliste tingimuste muutumise või rõhutatud mittemuutumisega ja teisalt verbiga suutma väljenduvat intensiivistavat tähendusvarjundit tegevussubjekti reaalsusega suhestumisel.Abstract. Marge Käsper: The verbs võima, saama and suutma as equivalents of the French modal verb pouvoir. Definition and intensification of possibility in negation. The article studies three Estonian modal verbs (võima, saama, suutma) as they correspond to the French modal verb pouvoir in examples collected from the Estonian-French parallel corpus (www.estfra.ee). The meaning of possibility is studied by examining variables in expression: negation, adverb types, verb semantics, modal particles. The analysis focuses on the verbs saama and suutma, occurring mainly in negation in the corpus, to determine their meaning potential in contrast to the most frequent equivalent võima. While the possibility expressed by the verb võima appears to be constructed as hypothetical or evaluative, the verb saama is mainly characterized by the presence of spatial or other such determining adverbial constructions. The analysis of the temporal indications occurring with the verb suutma, analysed in its negation forms, shows the importance of external temporally determined conditions in regard to capacity, but also the participant sourced subjectivity of these indications. The analysis of modal particles accompanying suutma shows an effect of intensification in expression in the relation between the participating subject and its reality.Keywords: modality; polysemy; negation; adverbs; evidentiality; intensification; Estonian; French
Episteemilise modaalsuse leksikaalsete väljendusvahendite tajumisest: arvatavasti, äkki ja võib-olla
Authors: Tüüts Laura , Argus Reili
Published: January 2017

Kokkuvõte. Artiklis on vaatluse all episteemilise modaalsuse leksikaalsete väljendusvahendite (markerite) arvatavasti, võib-olla ja äkki tõenäosuse tajumine. Vaadeldakse, kui palju oleneb markerite tõenäosuse tajumine kontekstist, näiteks tugevast või nõrgast eeldusest ehk olemasoleva informatsiooni rohkusest, markeriga lause agendi soost ja keelevälistest teguritest ehk vastajate soost ja vanusest. Markerite tõenäosuse taju uurimiseks koostati internetikatse, millele vastas 328 eesti keelt kõnelevat inimest, kellest noorim oli alla 18-aastane ja vanim üle 60. Tulemustest selgus, et kolmest markerist tajutakse kõige tugevamat tõenäosust väljendavana markerit arvatavasti, pisut nõrgemana tunnetatakse võib-olla ja äkki tõenäosust. Kontekstil on markerite tõenäosuse tajumisel oluline roll: tõenäolisemana tajutakse lauseid, mille kontekst on tugevama eeldusega, mitmetähendusliku kontekstiga lauseid tajutakse aga hoopis nõrgema tõenäosusega. Markerite tõenäosuse tajumist mõjutavad ka keelevälised tegurid, nagu vastaja sugu ja vanus.Abstract. Laura Tüüts and Reili Argus: The comprehension of lexical epistemic markers: the Estonian adverbs arvatavasti (‘probably’), äkki (‘perhaps’) and võib-olla (‘maybe’). The paper analyses the comprehension of epistemic modality markers arvatavasti ‘probably’, võib-olla ‘maybe’ and äkki ‘perhaps’. The study focuses on the connections between the nature and the amount of context in the comprehension of epistemic markers which belong to the class of markers with average degree of certainty. In addition to the influence of context, factors like the gender of the agent in the context sentence, as well as the respondent’s gender, age, education and foreign language skills have been analysed according to different markers and context types. Answers of 328 Estonian-speaking respondents (aged 18–60) revealed that the marker arvatavasti ‘probably’ has the strongest epistemic value, while the other two markers under observation have a somewhat weaker epistemic value. Context has a big impact on the comprehension of all three markers: sentences with stronger premises were comprehended as expressing stronger certainty, and the sentences with ambiguous context were comprehended as expressing the weakest certainty. Factors like the gender of the agent in the context sentence as well as the respondent’s gender have some influence on the comprehension of epistemic markers, while factors like foreign language skills and education do not have such a strong effect on the comprehension of epistemic modality markers.Keywords: epistemic modality; lexical markers; comprehension of probability; Estonian
Öyvind Fahlström’s Bord: Visual devices in poetry
Authors: Lilja Eva
Published: January 2017

The poet and artist Öyvind Fahlström (1928–1976) was the leader of the Scandinavian avant-garde during the fifties and the beginning of the sixties. He wrote his only collection of poetry Bord [Tables] in 1952–1955, but it was not published until 1966. In this book he applies the aesthetic ideas of his two manifestos – signification is what matters in poetry but signification emanates out of the visual materiality of letters and the sounds of speech. Bord contains advanced visual poetry as well as sound poetry. We may notice that the same tools for description and analysis can be utilized for both these modalities, something that can be explained with the help of gestalt psychology and the image schemas of cognitive poetics.Fahlström’s poem “Den svåra resan” [“The hard journey”] is a three-pages score for speech choir and a beautiful visual poem as well. A harmonious, strict picture contrasts to the turbulent sounds. What you see and what you hear express different moods and supply different significations.The printed picture of elder free verse typically has a straight left margin and a wavering right one. After Fahlström, poets more and more tended to pattern the whole page. With time, Fahlströms ideas met with American language poetry, creating a special quality we recognize in contemporary poetry.
Notes on narrative, cognition, and cultural evolution
Authors: Grishakova Marina , Sorokin Siim
Published: January 2017

Drawing on non-Darwinian cultural-evolutionary approaches, the paper develops a broad, non-representational perspective on narrative, necessary to account for the narrative “ubiquity” hypothesis. It considers narrativity as a feature of intelligent behaviour and as a formative principle of symbolic representation (“narrative proclivity”). The narrative representation retains a relationship with the “primary” pre-symbolic narrativity of the basic orientational-interpretive (semiotic) behaviour affected by perceptually salient objects and “fits” in natural environments. The paper distinguishes between implicit narrativity (as the basic form of perceptual-cognitive mapping) of intelligent behaviour or non-narrative media, and the “narrative” as a symbolic representation. Human perceptual-attentional routines are enhanced by symbolic representations: due to its attention-monitoring and information-gathering function, narrative serves as a cognitive-exploratory tool facilitating cultural dynamics. The rise of new media and mass communication on the Web has thrown the ability of narrative to shape the public sphere through the ongoing process of negotiated sensemaking and interpretation in a particularly sharp relief.
Current scientific problem of efficiency increase in mechanical operation by cyber-physical systems introduction within “industry 4.0” concept
Authors: Ингеманссон Александр , Ingemansson Aleksandr
Published: January 2017

A current direction for mechanical engineering efficiency increase at the expense of cyber-physical systems and “Industry 4.0” concept is presented. The survey of scientific and practical developments on the field of researches is carried out. The aspects of the formation of information-executive cyber-physical systems for machining are shown. The problems defining a current direction in scientific investigations are defined.
Practical demonstrations
Authors: Brown Claire
Published: January 2017

Continuing her report on the recent Stomsholm Laminitis Clinic, Claire Brown reports on the practical sessions
From humans to horses
Authors: Hollis Georgie
Published: January 2017

Georgie Hollis of the Veterinary Wound Library, discusses the use of maggots in the debridement and management of necroctic wounds
Horsepower vets – the inside story
Authors: Kid Jessica
Published: January 2017

Jessica Kidd relates the tale of ten intrepid bikers raising funds for South African charities
The dynamics of invasive and noninvasive blood glucose monitoring methods: Recent trends
Authors: Babenko Alina Yur'evna , Kononova Yulia Alexeevna , Tsiberkin Alexandr Ivanovich , Khodzitsky Michail Konstantinovich , Grineva Elena Nilkolaevna
Published: January 2017

Improved prognoses of patients with type 2 diabetes are primarily determined by the extent of blood glucose control (correction of both hyper- and hypoglycemia and normalization of blood glucose levels). The proper identification and timely correction of abnormal blood glucose levels require frequent blood glucose monitoring by the patient. Currently used methods for the self-monitoring of blood glucose have significant drawbacks that limit their use. The most significant problems with these methods include insufficient accuracy, invasiveness and high cost, leading to noncompliance and difficult assessment of disease status. Such factors underscore the need for a noninvasive, cost-effective and highly accurate method to measure blood glucose levels. There are several different approaches for the noninvasive measurement of blood glucose levels, including optical analysis, ultrasound and bioimpedance. The concept of a noninvasive glucometer was launched more than 30 years ago. Nevertheless, most noninvasive technologies are still in early stages of development and are not used in clinical practice. This review describers the most promising developments in this area.
The relationships between bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women
Authors: Klimontov Vadim V. , Fazullina Olga N. , Lykov Alexander P. , Konenkov Vladimir I.
Published: January 2017

Aim. To determine the relationships between bone remodelling markers and bone mineral density (BMD), metabolic parameters and total body composition (TBC) in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methods. The study included 140 women who were diagnosed with T2D more than five years prior. The control group included 20 postmenopausal nondiabetic women with normal BMD. The BMD and TBC parameters were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Based on their T-scores, T2D women were divided into the following groups: normal BMD (n = 50), osteopenia (n = 50) and osteoporosis (n = 40). Serum levels of bone formation markers [osteocalcin and type 1 C-terminal collagen propeptide (CICP), osteoprotegerin (an inhibitor of bone resorption), parathyroid hormone (PHT) and urinary excretion of C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (alpha-CrossLaps, or CTX-I; a bone resorption marker)] were determined by ELISA.Results. Osteocalcin levels were decreased in all groups of T2D women (all P 0.0002), without any differences between groups. Osteoprotegerin levels were reduced in all patient groups but was significantly lower in diabetic women with osteoporosis and osteopenia compared to those with normal BMD (P = 0.003 and P = 0.01, respectively). Women with osteoporosis had higher urinary CTX-I excretion than control and diabetic women with normal BMD (P = 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively). CICP levels did not differ between groups. PHT concentrations were increased in diabetic women (P 0.0001), without any differences between groups. After multiple regression analysis, BMI, age and CTX-I excretion were all associated with lumbar BMD (R2 = 0.38, P = 0.0007), whereas age, BMI, osteoprotegerin levels and CTX-I excretion were all predictive of BMD at the proximal femur (R2 = 0.44, P = 0.00003). There was no relationship between bone remodelling markers and HbA1c, lipid metabolism or TBC.Conclusions. In postmenopausal T2D women, osteoporosis is associated with decreased serum osteoprotegerin levels and enhanced urinary CTX-I excretion. The data do not support the existence of an interrelationship between bone remodelling markers, metabolic parameters and TBC in postmenopausal women with T2D.
Creación teatral e interdisciplinariedad en la educación superior: hacia un proyecto formativo integrado en arte dramático
Authors: Vieites García Manuel Francisco , Caride Gómez Jose Antonio
Published: January 2017

Con el objetivo de contribuir a repensar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje propios de la educación superior en arte dramático, el texto que presentamos propone tres líneas de reflexión-acción: de un lado, la reivindicación de la creación teatral y de la interdisciplinariedad como prácticas que alientan nuevas formas de saber, ser y hacer; de otro, la puesta en valor de los quehaceres pedagógicos y artísticos aplicados en la complejidad inherente a la formación y profesionalización en arte dramático; finalmente, la necesidad de articular un proyecto formativo integrado, cuyos «métodos» y trayectos no pueden realizarse al margen de los aportes del trabajo cooperativo y la investigación en la acción, a los que están convocados todos los que de un modo u otro, como profesores y/o alumnos, participan en el tránsito de la formación a la profesión, y de ésta a aquélla. En este trabajo, que emerge de un análisis sistemático de algunas experiencias de creación escénica desarrolladas en un centro superior de educación teatral, proponemos considerar los procesos de creación a la luz de lo que se conoce como currículum integrado, asentado en el método de proyectos, para potenciar la dimensión pedagógica y cívica que todo proceso debe tener para definir, desarrollar y alcanzar sus objetivos. Concluiremos ofreciendo algunas orientaciones teóricas y metodológicas para la necesaria transformación de la creación teatral en una experiencia educativa significativa.
Un experimento piloto sobre la enseñanza interdisciplinaria integrada a nivel universitario: matemáticas y música
Authors: Montiel Hernández Mariana
Published: January 2017

En el presente trabajo se presenta un reporte y un análisis de una experiencia interdisciplinaria que se llevó a cabo a través de un programa especial de fomento a modelos de esta naturaleza. La propuesta de colaboración entre los cursos Análisis Postonal de la Escuela de Música de la Universidad Estatal de Georgia (GSU) en los Estados Unidos y Teoría Matemática de la Música del Departamento de Matemáticas y Estadística de la misma universidad, fue seleccionada en un concurso sobre el tema de enseñanza interdisciplinaria integrada por parejas. Este artículo consiste en una revisión de algunos antecedentes documentados de esta combinación particular a nivel universitario, una descripción de los contenidos de los dos cursos y de los participantes en este modelo piloto, así como en un análisis de datos recopilados al final del curso. Una entrevista colectiva fue videograbada y el análisis de la información en general fue llevado a cabo de acuerdo con un marco conceptual adaptado a esta combinación novedosa de disciplinas. Se buscó en todo momento que el análisis y las conclusiones se circunscribiesen a parámetros concretos para poder detectar, si fuera el caso, las características precisas de la colaboración que contribuyeran al realce de los procesos de aprendizaje y enseñanza en ambas disciplinas.
Uwarunkowania wydolności funkcjonalnej chorych z dyskopatią lędźwiowo-krzyżową poddanych leczeniu zachowawczemu
Authors: Snarska Katarzyna Krystyna , Małyszko Jolanta , Charyton Monika , Bachórzewska-Gajewska Hanna , Drozdowski Wiesław
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Back pain has now become a disease of our civilization. One of the reasons being the herniated nucleus pulposus, which often leads to a restriction in various aspects of the bio-psycho-physical functioning. These disorders intensify the pain discomfort which occurs.Aim. Assessment of functional capacity in the case of patients with lumbar discectomy-cross treated conservatively and the evaluation of the lumbosacral disc disease impact on the quality of life.Material and Methods. The study included 181 patients, two days before discharge from hospital, hospitalized in the Department of Neurological Clinic, at the Medical University of Bialystok in the period from June to December 2013 due to lumbosacral disc disease. The research tools included: our questionnaire, the WHOQOL-BREF Scale assessing the quality of life, as well as the Visual Analogue Scale — VAS.Results. The group of respondents included 102 women (56.4%) and 79 men (43.6%) aged 24–76 years (mean age 48.3±12.7 years). The overall quality of life for the studied group of patients with lumbosacral discopathy ranged at the level of 3.32±0.83, which indicates patients’ average satisfaction with their quality of life. Self-assessment of health condition on scale from 1 to 5 ranged 2.83±0.99, which meant average satisfaction with health condition. The respondents working mentally better assess the physical realm, while those with higher education better evaluated the quality of their lives. Lonely people worse assessed the psychological sphere than those married or not-married. Feeling the pain discomfort of strong and maximum intensity significantly affected patients’ assessment regarding the physical sphere and resulted in the decrease of the quality of life.Conclusions.1. There is a relationship between the functional capacity of patients with lumbosacral discopathy and the type of work performed, marital status, the level of education, and risk factors.2. Patients with lumbosacral discopathy of the spine, especially those feeling strong pain, have a reduced quality of life, particularly in the field of physical fitness. (JNNN 2015;4(1):4–12)
The Degree of Illness Acceptance among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pejas-Grzybek Lidia , Skorupska-Król Agnieszka
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Acceptance of chronic disease depends on patient’s personal predisposition as well as on characteristics of the disease, such as the type and severity of symptoms, its consequences in the perspective of physical and psychosocial functioning and possibilities of treatment. In particular, it seems to be difficult to accept such a disease as multiple sclerosis, the beginning of which concerns mainly young people who are forced to re-evaluate their life and modify plans for the future so that the self-portrait would not become a source of frustration and a sense of a lower esteem.Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the acceptance of the disease and to analyse the relationship of such acceptance with patients’ functional status and with self-assessment of depression.Material and Methods. The group of respondents consisted of 38 patients of the Department of Neurology in Cracow, who had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. In this work the method of diagnostic survey and the analysis of records were applied. Participants of the study were asked to complete such research tools as: the Beck Scale, Katz Scale, socio-demographic data inventory and the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). The analysis covered their medical records and individual cards of medical orders. The obtained results were subject to statistical calculations.Results. The score of a significant number of respondents — 13 (34.2%) on the AIS Scale was qualified to the highest score ranging from 32 to 40 points. Slightly more than 1/4 of the study group (10 patients, ie. 26.3%) obta­ined a score ranging from 23 to 31 points. The smallest group of respondents achieved the lowest score, as it was qualified for the range of 5–13 points (6 persons, ie. 15.8%). The AIS Scale average score for the whole group studied was 25.08 points. Between the acceptance of the disease, and the presence and severity of depression among respondents, there is a negative correlation (r=-0.29), however it is not statistically significant (p=0.08). The value of the correlation coefficient of the AIS and Katz Scales (r=0.15) results is not statistically significant either (p=0.37).Conclusions. Acceptance of the disease in the group of people is average and similar to that encountered in other somatic diseases of chronic course. A better emotional condition seems to enhance greater acceptance of the disease. (JNNN 2015;4(1):19–23)