bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined space–time reduced-order model with three-dimensional deep convolution for extrapolating fluid dynamics
Authors: Deo Indu Kant , Gao Rui , Jaiman Rajeev
Published: March 2023

There is a critical need for efficient and reliable active flow control strategies to reduce drag and noise in aerospace and marine engineering applications. While traditional full-order models based on the Navier–Stokes equations are not feasible, advanced model reduction techniques can be inefficient for active control tasks, especially with strong non-linearity and convection-dominated phenomena. Using convolutional recurrent autoencoder network architectures, deep-learning-based reduced-order models have been recently shown to be effective while performing several orders of magnitude faster than full-order simulations. However, these models encounter significant challenges outside the training data, limiting their effectiveness for active control and optimization tasks. In this study, we aim to improve the extrapolation capability by modifying the network architecture and integrating coupled space–time physics as an implicit bias. Reduced-order models via deep learning generally employ decoupling in spatial and temporal dimensions, which can introduce modeling and approximation errors. To alleviate these errors, we propose a novel technique for learning coupled spatial–temporal correlation using a three-dimensional convolution network. We assess the proposed technique against a standard encoder–propagator–decoder model and demonstrate a superior extrapolation performance. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the three-dimensional convolution network, we consider a benchmark problem of the flow past a circular cylinder at laminar flow conditions and use the spatiotemporal snapshots from the full-order simulations. Our proposed three-dimensional convolution architecture accurately captures the velocity and pressure fields for varying Reynolds numbers. Compared to the standard encoder–propagator–decoder network, the spatiotemporal-based three-dimensional convolution network improves the prediction range of Reynolds numbers outside of the training data.
Lost characters and lost taxonomists: Coelocarteriidae fam. nov., Poecilosclerida with and without chelae, to accommodate supposed phloeodictyids (Haplosclerida)
Authors: Leal Camille Victoria , Salani Sula , de Moraes Fernando Coreixas , de Moura Rodrigo Leão , Thompson Fabiano Lopes , Hajdu Eduardo
Published: March 2023

The taxonomic study of Great Amazon Reef System sponges yielded three Oceanapia-like (Phloeodictyidae, Haplosclerida) species of similar gross morphology, two preliminarily identified as O. bartschi and another as Coelocarteria (Poecilosclerida), due to the presence of common palmate isochelae. The remarkable overall similarity of all three species in gross morphology necessitated an integrative assessment of the phylogenetic affinities. A selection of haplosclerid and poecilosclerid sequences (18S and 28S rRNA) was gathered from Genbank and compared to sequences mapped to reference from metagenome of two Oceanapia-like species from the Amazon River mouth, one of which matched O. bartschi. Both Brazilian species clustered with Coelocarteria singaporensis (Singapore). These species nest in the Poecilosclerida, far from Oceanapia (sp. and isodictyiformis) and other haplosclerids (Amphimedon, Petrosia, Siphonodictyon and Xestospongia) but also far from the poecilosclerid Isodictya that is currently classified in the same family as Coelocarteria, the Isodictyidae. Specimens with chelae are named Coelocarteria alcoladoi sp. nov. herein, while those without chelae represent the other two species. One matched Inflatella bartschi (O. bartchi’s holotype, here re-examined), thereby supporting the transfer of this species to Coelocarteria. The other is proposed as C. amadoi sp. nov. and is the second known lipochelous species in this genus. The 28S phylogenies recovered Coelocarteria bartschi comb. nov. (formerly Oceanapia bartschi) in the Poecilosclerida clade that clustered with Coelocarteria spp., including the type species of this genus, C. singaporensis, with 100% support. Coelocarteria alcoladoi sp. nov., also without chelae, grouped in the same clade, thereby corroborating the classification in this genus. The clade composed of Coelocarteria spp. grouped with Cornulella sp., suggesting an affinity between these genera. Coelocarteria is currently situated within Isodictyidae and Cornulella in Acarnidae. Isodictya (Isodictyidae) grouped with Amphilectus (Esperiopsidae) with high support and is only distantly related to Coelocarteria. Acarnus (Acarnidae) grouped with Clathria, also with high support, far from Coelocarteria and Cornulella. These results suggest the polyphyletic nature of Isodictyidae and Acarnidae, for which reason we preferred to propose a new, currently monotypic family for Coelocarteria spp., Coelocarteriidae fam. nov. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71FDB6FD-4A5F-4180-8DA7-79EA4CB615D1
Statistical testing of range-size change as affected by the extremes of seasonal maximum temperatures
Authors: Dhanoa M.S. , Sanderson R. , Ellis J.L. , Powell C.D. , López S. , Shepherd A. , Cardenas L.M. , France J.
Published: March 2023

Any geo-position on Earth will have its own seasonal pattern of maximum day temperatures. Climate change driven extreme temperature episodes may disturb such patterns and create temperature range changes. The significance of such changes can be tested statistically by maximum temperature range data analysis using the distribution of the ratio of range to standard deviation. Structural pattern trends, percentiles and kurtosis summaries bring out more details of seasonal temperatures.
Tweaking the catalytic efficiency of the CFTR ion channel
Authors: McCarty Nael A.
Published: March 2023

CFTR, unique among ABC transporters, evolved to function as an ion channel in part by optimizing the stability of the open state.
Unusual spin–orbit torque switching in perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnets with strong interlayer exchange coupling
Authors: Luo Xuming , Wang Yuqiang , Liu Shiqiang , Guo Tengyu , Han Xiufeng , Yu Guoqiang
Published: March 2023

Synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) is an outstanding system for controlling magnetic coupling via tuning the layer thickness and material composition. Here, we control the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) in a perpendicularly magnetized SAF Pt/Co/Ir/CoFeB/MgO multilayer, which is tuned by varying the nonmagnetic layer Ir thickness and the magnetic layer Co thickness. And we study the spin–orbit torque (SOT) driven magnetization switching of the SAF. In the SAF with a weak IEC, the SOT-driven switching behavior is similar to that of a single ferromagnet system, which is dominated by the external magnetic field. In contrast, in the SAF with an ultra-strong IEC, the saturation magnetic field is large than 50 kOe, and the SOT-driven switching behavior is decided by the effective magnetic field. The effective field is correlated to the external magnetic field, the IEC field, magnetic moments of CoFeB and Co, and magnetic anisotropy. These results may advance the understanding of SOT switching of perpendicular SAFs and promote the applications of SAFs with low stray fields and lower power in spintronic devices.
Atomic layer deposition of ZnO on polypropylene nonwovens for photocatalytic antibacterial facemasks
Authors: Qian Xiaofeng , Xiong Sen , Rao Yuanyuan , Low Ze-Xian , Zhong Zhaoxiang , Wang Yong
Published: March 2023

Addressing respiratory infectious diseases remains one of the main priorities due to the increased risk of exposure caused by population growth, increasing international travel and commerce, and most recently, the COVID-19 outbreak. In the war against respiratory diseases, facemasks are powerful tools to obstruct the penetration of microorganisms, thereby protecting the wearer from infections. Nonetheless, the intercepted microorganisms on the surface of facemasks may proliferate and lead to secondary infection. To solve this problem, atomic layer deposition is introduced to deposit uniform and mechanically robust ZnO layers on polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabrics, a widely used raw material in fabricating facemasks. The loading of ZnO demonstrates no adverse effects on the separation performance of facemasks, and the filtration efficiency of the facemasks towards different types of nanoparticles remains higher than 98.9%. Moreover, the modified PP nonwoven fabrics are granted with excellent antibacterial activity and photocatalytic sterilization ability, which can inactivate both germ-negative and germ-positive bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) effectively with and without light illumination. Therefore, the modified PP nonwoven fabrics are potential candidates to be used as the outer layer on facemasks and endow them with photocatalytic antibacterial activity.
The sensitivity enhancement of TiO2-based VOCs sensor decorated by gold at room temperature
Authors: Shooshtari Mostafa , Vollebregt Sten , Vaseghi Yas , Rajati Mahshid , Pahlavan Saeideh
Published: March 2023

Detection of hazardous toxic gases for air pollution monitoring and medical diagnosis has attracted the attention of researchers in order to realize sufficiently sensitive gas sensors. In this paper, we fabricated and characterized a Titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based gas sensor enhanced using the gold nanoparticles. Thermal oxidation and sputter deposition methods were used to synthesize fabricated gas sensor. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the anatase structure of TiO2 samples. It was found that the presence of gold nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 enhances the sensitivity response of gas sensors by up to about 40%. The fabricated gas sensor showed a sensitivity of 1.1, 1.07 and 1.03 to 50 ppm of acetone, methanol and ethanol vapors at room temperature, respectively. Additionally, the gold nanoparticles reduce 50 s of response time (about 50% reduction) in the presence of 50 ppm ethanol vapor; and we demonstrated that the recovery time of the gold decorated TiO2 sensor is less than 40 s. Moreover, we explain that the improved performance depends on the adsorption-desorption mechanism, and the chemical sensitization and electronic sensitization of gold nanoparticles.
Effects of a radial variation of surface coefficients on plasma uniformity in capacitive RF discharges
Authors: Wang Li , Hartmann Peter , Donkó Zoltán , Song Yuan-Hong , Schulze Julian
Published: March 2023

With the increasing demands toward large area plasma etching and deposition, the radial uniformity of capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) becomes one of the key factors that determine process performance in industrial applications. However, there is a variety of parasitic effects, e.g. electromagnetic and electrostatic edge effects, that typically lead to the formation of nonuniform radial plasma density profiles at various discharge conditions with a density peak appearing either at the center or near the edges of the electrodes. Moreover, in commercial CCPs different surface materials are in contact with the plasma at various positions as parts of boundary surfaces such as focus rings, masks, showerhead electrodes, wall and/or target materials. Via complex material specific plasma-surface interactions, the presence of such different surface materials affects plasma uniformity in a way that is typically not understood and, thus, not controlled. In this work, aided by 2d3v graphics processing unit accelerated particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations, we study the effects of radial variations of electrode materials on the plasma via their different ion and electron induced secondary electron emission as well as electron reflection coefficients on the discharge characteristics. Based on such fundamental understanding we tailor the radial variation of boundary surface materials to improve plasma uniformity in low pressure CCPs. Such investigations are performed at different neutral gas pressures, where both center and edge high radial plasma density profiles form in the presence of radially uniform surface coefficients that resemble the presence of a single electrode material. It is demonstrated that by radially varying the surface coefficients at the grounded electrode, the radial plasma density profile can be finely adjusted and the plasma uniformity above the wafer placed at the powered electrode can be improved in both cases.
Ultra-fast development of Ar 2p

1−10

relative densities in nanosecond-pulsed barrier discharge in argon
Authors: Kusýn L , Prokop D , Navrátil Z , Hoder T
Published: March 2023

A time-correlated single photon counting based optical emission spectroscopy technique is applied for an investigation of the nanosecond-pulsed barrier discharge in atmospheric pressure argon gas. We record the development of the light intensities originating from all ten Ar 2p

1
−
10

(Paschen notation) radiative states with high spatio-temporal resolution. We identify different stages of the discharge development: an early rapid electron avalanching, streamer propagation phase, generation of discharge channel and surface streamer propagation over the dielectric surface. The quantified relative 2p

1
−
10

densities for identified discharge phases enable a well-resolved insight into the ultra-fast discharge kinetics and open a possibility for the development of future detailed diagnostics of the rapidly ionized argon plasmas. Moreover, the electrical characterization of the discharge is made using the simplest equivalent circuit and it reveals new findings for the application of such an approach for similar discharges.
Coplanar integration of antipodal vivaldi antenna with metasurface antennas for ground penetrating radar and 5–GHz WIFI applications
Authors: Cheng Houyuan , Li Yujun , Wu Jiong , Fu Yang , Yang Yuejie , Lu Taoming , Yang Helin
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we design a novel antenna with dual-band and multi-radiation modes by integrating the two metasurface binary array antennas (MBAAs) into the antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA). Metasurface binary array antenna 1 (MBAA-1) and metasurface binary array antenna 2 (MBAA-2) are symmetrically embedded on two radiation patches of AVA. When AVA is excited, vertical down radiation can be achieved. When MBAA-1 or MBAA-2 is excited, horizontal forward or backward radiation can be achieved. The simulated results show that AVA and MBAAs have the −10 dB return loss bandwidths of 163.6% and 9.3% and the realized gain of 5.5–8.1 dBi and 8.0–10.0 dBi cover the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) band (0.6–6.0 GHz) and the 5–GHz WIFI band (4.9–5.9 GHz), respectively. The test results are in good agreement with the simulated results. The proposed antenna realizes the integrated design of 5–GHz WIFI and GPR antennas, which can be applied to the antenna system design of intelligent robots and UAVs, and contribute to the integration development of wireless communication and radar in the future.
Dynamic behaviors of the lump solutions and mixed solutions to a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear model
Authors: Chen Si-Jia , Lü Xing , Yin Yu-Hang
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we propose a combined form of the bilinear Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation and the bilinear extended (2+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation, which is linked with a novel (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear model. This model might be applied to describe the evolution of nonlinear waves in the ocean. Under the effect of a novel combination of nonlinearity and dispersion terms, two cases of lump solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear model are derived by searching for the quadratic function solutions to the bilinear form. Moreover, the one-lump-multi-stripe solutions are constructed by the test function combining quadratic functions and multiple exponential functions. The one-lump-multi-soliton solutions are derived by the test function combining quadratic functions and multiple hyperbolic cosine functions. Dynamic behaviors of the lump solutions and mixed solutions are analyzed via numerical simulation. The result is of importance to provide efficient expressions to model nonlinear waves and explain some interaction mechanism of nonlinear waves in physics.
Temporal interference current stimulation in peripheral nerves is not driven by envelope extraction
Authors: Budde Ryan B , Williams Michael T , Irazoqui Pedro P
Published: March 2023

Background. Electrical neuromodulation remains an effective therapy for multiple neurological disorders. One strategy to electrically stimulate nerves utilizes the interference of multiple high frequency waveforms. This technique, known as temporal interference stimulation or interferential current stimulation, has recently gained significant attention as a method to improve the state-of-the-art in neurostimulation in both animal studies and human clinical trials. Objective. Here we report our investigation into the fundamental properties of the neuronal response to these types of waveforms—the effects of carrier and envelope frequencies, thresholds, firing behavior, and phase and asymmetric interference patterns. Methods. We utilized a cuff electrode on the rat sciatic nerve to apply a variety of interferential signals. We recorded muscle activity in the plantar muscles and biceps femoris, which are proxies for activity on two of the major branches of the sciatic, which are spatially distinct in the target volume. We tested both fundamental recruitment properties as well as spatial techniques to selectively activate either muscle group. Results. Our data suggest, contrary to the currently accepted explanation, that neurons do not extract envelopes at all, and that the response to these signals is well explained by a resistor–capacitor (i.e. integrator) membrane with a fixed firing threshold. Basic interference techniques do not change recruitment far from electrodes. Techniques can produce regions of both phasic activation and tonic activation/conduction block. Conclusions. An integrator model suggests that interference techniques are less capable of minimally invasive stimulation for a subcortical brain target than previously thought. Human clinical trials using these techniques should reevaluate their methods. Interference stimulation allows significant target selectivity in a peripheral cuff electrode with targets near electrodes. These techniques can allow spatially distinct regions of phasic firing, tonic firing, conduction block, and no effect.
Hyperlink prediction via local random walks and Jensen–Shannon divergence
Authors: Xu Xin-Jian , Deng Chong , Zhang Li-Jie
Published: March 2023

Many real-world systems involving higher-order interactions can be modeled by hypergraphs, where vertices represent the systemic units and hyperedges describe the interactions among them. In this paper, we focus on the problem of hyperlink prediction which aims at inferring missing hyperlinks based on observed hyperlinks. We propose three similarity indices for hyperlink prediction based on local random walks and Jensen–Shannon divergence. Numerical experiments show that the proposed indices outperform the state-of-the-art methods on a broad range of datasets.
Compensation behavior in (Fe–Ni) core–shell nanostructures: Heisenberg Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: El Ghazrani A , Htoutou K , Harir S , Drissi L B
Published: March 2023

By performing atomistic simulations, we have studied some features of classical Heisenberg model using the statistical Monte Carlo method MC under the Hinzke–Nowak algorithm. First, we have deeply explored magnetic and thermal properties of a core–shell nanosphere model and investigate the behaviors of the temperature-dependent magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and phase diagrams for different possible exchange interactions. The obtained results show the existence of diverse -types behaviors in the Néel classification nomenclature. Then, we have applied the same computational method to the real (Fe, Ni) nanostructure using experimental values of magnetic parameters for iron and nickel. It is demonstrated that (Fe, Ni) nanoparticle exhibits a compensation phenomenon compatible with those found in the experimental studies.
Dualized Ammann-Kramer-Neri tiling
Authors: Fujita Nobuhisa
Published: March 2023

Self-similarity is a key characteristic of quasicrystalline tilings. The similarity ratio can be ann-th power of the irrational scaling unit associated with the relevant non-crystallographic Bravais class, wherenis a natural number (e.g., 1, 2, …). The Ammann-Kramer-Neri tiling is a famous quasicrystalline tiling with icosahedral symmetry based on acute and obtuse rhombohedra. It has however remained underexplored in view of its self-similarity, since any attempt to find substitution rules has by far been hindered by the large similarity ratio of no less thanτ3, whereτis the golden mean. We hereby illustrate a new approach to tackle this issue by introducing an auxiliary tiling that combines the rhombohedral tiling and its crystallographic dual supported on the body-centre positions. The vertices of this “dualized” tiling arise from the cut through the same kind of acceptance domain as that of the rhombohedral tiling, namely rhombic triacontahedron, attached to every point of the six-dimensional body-centred icosahedral Bravais lattice. Eleven kinds of polyhedra, nine out of which are tetrahedra, are identified as prototiles. This new tiling admits self-similarity withτbeing the similarity ratio.
Spatial management of enterprise resource supply adaptation in circular economy conditions
Authors: Lutskyi M , Arefieva O , Kovalchuk A , Tytykalo V , Kopcha Y
Published: March 2023

The article considers the analytical approach to the spatial management of the adaptation of the enterprise economic potential in circular economy. The research is based on the dependence of economic potential management systems on its level at the enterprise. The spatial management of economic potential adaptations requires the use of a comprehensive approach to the assessment of its level. The comprehensive approach includes a combination of methods of the factor analysis, the method of principal components and correlation and the regression analysis. The authors propose summary indicators of the components of economic potential that maximally reflect the adaptation of enterprises to modern conditions of economic management. On the basis of the correlation and regression analysis the integral indicator of economic potential evaluation has been calculated, the implementation of which will allow to build an effective system of spatial management of adaptation of economic potential of the company in circular economy. The practical value of the obtained results consists in substantiation of the spatial management of adaptation of the enterprise economic potential in conditions of circular economy by means of the suggested methodology of calculation of the economic potential level.
Effects of planting density, fertilization and growing season on the nutritional composition of 10 quinoa varieties (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivated in the Central Highlands of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen V M , Chuyen H V
Published: March 2023

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been grown and used as a food ingredient in Europe and South America for thousands of years and some varieties have recently been found suitable to grow under tropical conditions of Asian countries including Vietnam. This study aimed at investigating the variation in nutritional quality (protein, starch, fat, fibre and mineral contents) of quinoa seeds from 10 varieties as affected by different growing factors including planting density, fertilization and growing season in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. The results showed that the growth of quinoa in rainy season (August to November) with the planting density of 66,666 plants/ha using the fertilizing formulation of “120 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 + 105 kg K2O + 1000 kg organic compost + 500 kg of lime powder”/ha/crop resulted in the highest yield and nutritional quality of quinoa seeds. Atlas variety produced the highest yield with the highest protein content (22.7 %) while Lucas boldo variety had the highest fat content (4.4%) and Isluga variety showed the highest mineral content (9.4%) among others. The starch content of the varieties was comparable and ranged from 57.7 to 60.2%. These findings suggest that quinoa can be a new promising crop for agriculture development in Vietnam.
Investigation of chitin recovery from shrimp waste by yeast fermentation
Authors: Ta T M N , Bui H H , Trinh T T N , Nguyen T M N , Nguyen H N
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the possibility of using yeast fermentation to transform shrimp waste to chitin for further application. The white leg shrimp head was incubated with three yeast strains Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida tropicalis and Pichia kudriavzevii, in comparison with bacteria Bacillus subtilis and commercial protease Alcalase. The efficacy of fermentation was evaluated through deproteinization and demineralization levels after 2 days. A deproteinization of 80.9% was obtained when incubation with Y. lipolytica which was significantly higher than 76.9% and 65.6% obtained with Alcalase hydrolysis and B. subtilis incubation respectively. Besides, C. tropicalis and P. kudriavzevii expressed a similar low level on deproteinization (31.3-31.7%.) All three yeast showed a good demineralization in range 38.2-49.4% on shrimp head while B. subtilis could demineralize only 16.0%. This primary research shows a potential application of yeast fermentation in chitin recovery from shrimp waste.
The growth impact of Capsicum annuum crops in hydrogel incorporated media
Authors: Hafiz-Afham K , Hasan N A , Rafii M Y , Sidik N J
Published: March 2023

Increasing food and water security via sustainable agriculture is vital, particularly in light of climate change. Researchers and farmers have recently shown a great deal of interest in the agricultural applications of hydrogels. This research aims to evaluate the impact of hydrogel on Capsicum annuum crop productivity and irrigation water use effectiveness. In a polybag containing a specifically formulated mixture of hydrogel and topsoil, the pepper variety cv Bara was contained. The use of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% biodegradable hydrogel doses per plant was also investigated. The treatment schedule was established using a random complete block strategy. Investigated factors included water usage, irrigation frequency, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and leaf area index. According to the study’s findings, 40 percent hydrogel and 60 percent topsoil per plant produced the optimum growth characteristics. The results of the study indicate that hydrogel able to hold water, circulating water into the media and enhancing the water usage efficiency of pepper crops without affecting plant growth.
Dual emission and its λ-ratiometric detection in analytical fluorimetry. Pt. I. Basic mechanisms of generating the reporter signal
Authors: Demchenko Alexander P
Published: March 2023

The wavelength-ratiometric techniques gain increasing popularity in fluorescence probing and sensing for providing inner reference to output signal and removing instrumental artefacts, in this way increasing the sensitivity and reliability of assays. Recent developments demonstrate that such approach can allow achieving much more, with the application of broad range of novel molecular and nanoscale fluorophores (luminophores), exploring the whole power of photophysical and photochemical effects and using extended range of assay formats. Simplicity of detection and potentially rich content of output data allows realizing these techniques in different simplified, miniaturized and multiplexing devices. The latter issues are discussed in Pt. II of these series.
Room Temperature Phosphorescence of 5,6-Benzoquinoline
Authors: Chavez Jose , Ceresa Luca , Kitchner Emma , Pham Danh , Gryczynski Zygmunt , Gryczynski Ignacy
Published: March 2023

Phosphorescence emission of 5,6-Benzoquinoline embedded in poly (vinyl alcohol) film has been studied at room temperature. A strong green long-lived emission was observed in films doped with 5,6-Benzoquinoline while illuminated on a UV plate. A broad phosphorescence emission spectrum is centered at about 500 nm. The phosphorescence excitation spectrum follows the absorption spectrum of 5,6-Benzoquinoline, except for a long-wavelength part, which is well beyond the absorption band. This long-wavelength part of the absorption spectrum is responsible for the forbidden S0—T1 transition. The excitation at 430 nm resulted in the long-lived emission with a spectrum similar to the phosphorescence spectrum obtained with UV excitation within the absorption of 5,6-Benzoquinoline. The phosphorescence anisotropy obtained with a direct S0—T1 excitation is positive, while the UV excitation is negative. In contrast to fluorescence, the phosphorescence intensity strongly depends on temperature. Phosphorescence lifetimes with UV and long-wavelength excitation are similar, with a mean value of about 0.5 s.
Improvement of CNR in low-count PET scans using tissue-scattered data as initial estimate in non-TOF MLEM reconstruction
Authors: Ghosh Satyajit , Das Pragya
Published: March 2023

We have proposed a method to improve contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of lesions in low-count PET scans using the rejected single scattered (inside tissue) data. Indeed, with the advent of high-quality detectors regarding their energy and time resolution, and list mode data acquisition, adding single scattered events by estimating their original line of response has become more and more feasible. The low-count PET scan data were simulated using GATE software considering Jaszczak type object, and images were reconstructed using STIR. A deconvolution based method to create images from rejected single scatter data has been proposed. These scatter images were, in turn, used as an initial estimate in non-TOF MLEM reconstruction. Three types of human-sized PET scanners—ideal, state-of-art, and future generation—with different timing and energy resolutions were considered. We found a significant improvement in trade-off between the contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) and coefficient of variation (CoV) for the non-TOF MLEM reconstructed images while comparing with other less computational ways of creating initial estimates. CNR improvements were found for all lesions. The present work demonstrated the beneficial use of tissue-scattered TOF PET events which constitutes a high percentage of data in PET imaging, and rejected in general. Our approach has a potential and scope for further study.
Study on the preparation of Interleukin 8 loaded hydrogel fiber and regulation on recruitment of stem cells
Authors: Wang Danni , Wang Xingming , Pu Ximing , Yin Guangfu , Zhu Zhenrong , An Xiaoran , Zhang Wen
Published: March 2023

The high wastage rate and low survival rate of seed cells in conventional bone tissue engineering (BTE) are always a challenge for tissue regeneration. Constructing scaffolds that could continuously recruit endogenous stem cells is considered a novel way to promote tissue repair. In this study, a GelMA fiber hydrogel membrane loaded interleukin 8 (IL8) (IL8-GelMA), was prepared via electrostatic spinning technology. Compared with Gelatin fiber, GelMA fiber possessed a smooth morphology with nanoscale diameter and better physical properties including hydrophilicity, elastic modulus, swelling rate and degradation rate. In addition, IL8-GelMA fiber membranes could lead an osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, the results of chemotaxis experiment demonstrated that both IL8 and IL8-GelMA fiber membranes promote the migration of BMSCs in vitro. These results suggested that IL8-GelMA fiber membranes can be used for cell-free scaffold of bone repair, which can not only recruit endogenous BMSCs, but also promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Cross-coupling contribution to the isothermal entropy change in multicaloric materials
Authors: Mañosa Lluís , Stern-Taulats Enric , Gràcia-Condal Adrià , Planes Antoni
Published: March 2023

Multiferroic materials with strong coupling between different degrees of freedom are prone to exhibit giant multicaloric effects resulting from the application or removal of diverse external fields. These materials exhibit a synergic response to the combined action of two fields when the monocaloric effects are both conventional (or both inverse), while a non-synergic response occurs when one of the monocaloric effects is conventional and the other is inverse. In all cases, the multicaloric properties (isothermal entropy and adiabatic temperature changes) do not result from the simple addition of the corresponding monocaloric quantities because there is a contribution from the interplay between degrees of freedom (cross-coupling term). In this paper, we analyse in detail the contribution of the cross-coupling term to the multicaloric entropy values obtained for both synergic and non-synergic multicaloric materials. We first introduce basic thermodynamic concepts accounting for the multicaloric effects, and next the contribution from the cross-coupling term is illustrated via several model examples. We finally analyse the realistic situation for two prototype materials with synergic and non-synergic multicaloric effects.
Improving barocaloric properties by tailoring transition hysteresis in Mn3Cu 1−x
Sn x
N antiperovskites
Authors: Rendell-Bhatti Frederic , Zeng Ming , Lloveras Pol , Tamarit Josep-Lluís , Barrio María , Connolly Eamonn T , MacLaren Donald A , Johnson Freya , Cohen Lesley F , Boldrin David
Published: March 2023

The magnetically frustrated manganese nitride antiperovskite family displays significant changes of entropy under changes in hydrostatic pressure near a first-order antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition that can be useful for the emerging field of solid-state barocaloric cooling. In previous studies, the transition hysteresis has significantly reduced the reversible barocaloric effects (BCE). Here we show that the transition hysteresis can be tailored through quaternary alloying in the Mn3Cu

1
−
x

Sn

x

N system. We find the magnitude of hysteresis is minimised when Cu and Sn are equiatomic (x = 0.5) reaching values far less than previously found for Mn3
AN (

A
=

Pd, Ni, Ga, Zn), whilst retaining entropy changes of the same order of magnitude. These results demonstrate that reversible BCE are achievable for p < 100 MPa in the Mn3(A, B)N family and suggest routes to modify the transition properties in compounds of the same family.
Multiple resonance induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence: effect of chemical modification
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Gao Siyu , Wang Aizhu , Wang Bo , Marom Noa
Published: March 2023

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is the internal conversion of triplet excitons into singlet excitons via reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). It improves the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) by enabling the harvesting of nonradiative triplet excitons. Multiple resonance (MR) induced TADF chromophores exhibit an additional advantage of high color purity due to their rigid conformation. However, owing to the strict design rules there is a limited number of known MR-TADF chromophores. For applications in full-color high-resolution OLED displays, it is desirable to extend the variety of available chromophores and their color range. We computationally explore the effect of chemical modification on the properties of the MR-TADF chromophore quinolino[3,2,1-de]acridine-5,9-dione (QAD). QAD derivatives are evaluated based on several metrics: The formation energy is associated with the ease of synthesis; The spatial distribution of the frontier orbitals indicates whether a compound remains an MR-TADF chromophore or turns into a donor–acceptor TADF chromophore; The change of the singlet excitation energy compared to the parent compound corresponds to the change in color; The energy difference between the lowest singlet and triplet states corresponds to the barrier to RISC; The reorganization energy is associated with the color purity. Based on these metrics, QAD-6CN is predicted to be a promising MR-TADF chromophore with a cyan hue. This demonstrates that computer simulations may aid the design of new MR-TADF chromophores by chemical modification.
Dual-band electromagnetically induced transparency terahertz metamaterial based on U-like resonator and metallic cut wire for sensing application
Authors: Duan Guiyuan , Xu Chongyang , Xu Wei , Gao Yonggang , Zhang Xiangyang , Zhu Huaxin , Huang Yang , Wang Ben-Xin
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a new scheme for dual-band terahertz electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reported using a simple metamaterial structure, whose surface structure is composed of periodically arranged U-like resonator and metallic cut wire. Two EIT peaks located at 0.65 THz and 1.26 THz with an average transmission intensity of greater than 93% are realized, the formation mechanism of two transparent peaks is mainly attributed to the coupling of bright-bright mode, which is verified by their near-field distributions. Structure parameter changes of metamaterial provide a great ability to regulate and control the performance of two transparent peaks. Interestingly, by replacing the lower baseline of U-like resonator with vanadium dioxide (VO2), the designed metamaterial can dynamically tune the number of EIT peaks. It is revealed that dual-band transparency could be actively converted to single-band transparency by merely varying the properties of VO2 from metallic state to insulating state without changing the structure complexity, and the maximum amplitude modulation depth could reach 93.1%. Further application of designed metamaterial related to sensing is discussed. The designed metamaterial with these excellent features could pave the way for the applications of terahertz technology-related fields.
Sparse block-structured random matrices: universality
Authors: Cicuta Giovanni M , Pernici Mario
Published: March 2023

We study ensembles of sparse block-structured random matrices generated from the adjacency matrix of a Erdös–Renyi random graph with N vertices of average degree Z, inserting a real symmetric d × d random block at each non-vanishing entry. We consider several ensembles of random block matrices with rank r < d and with maximal rank, r = d. The spectral moments of the sparse block-structured random matrix are evaluated for

N
→
∞

, d finite or infinite, and several probability distributions for the blocks (e.g. fixed trace, bounded trace and Gaussian). Because of the concentration of the probability measure in the

d
→
∞

limit, the spectral moments are independent of the probability measure of the blocks (with mild assumptions of isotropy, smoothness and sub-Gaussian tails). The effective medium approximation is the limiting spectral density of the sparse block-structured random ensembles with finite rank. Analogous classes of universality hold for the Laplacian sparse block-structured ensemble. The same limiting distributions are obtained using random regular graphs instead of Erdös–Renyi graphs.
The reusability prior: comparing deep learning models without training
Authors: Polat Aydın Göze , Alpaslan Ferda Nur
Published: March 2023

Various choices can affect the performance of deep learning models. We conjecture that differences in the number of contexts for model components during training are critical. We generalize this notion by defining the reusability prior as follows: model components are forced to function in diverse contexts not only due to the training data, augmentation, and regularization choices, but also due to the model design itself. We focus on the design aspect and introduce a graph-based methodology to estimate the number of contexts for each learnable parameter. This allows a comparison of models without requiring any training. We provide supporting evidence with experiments using cross-layer parameter sharing on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and Imagenet-1K benchmarks. We give examples of models that share parameters outperforming baselines that have at least 60% more parameters. The graph-analysis-based quantities we introduced for the reusability prior align well with the results, including at least two important edge cases. We conclude that the reusability prior provides a viable research direction for model analysis based on a very simple idea: counting the number of contexts for model parameters.
Prediction of the morphological evolution of a splashing drop using an encoder–decoder
Authors: Yee Jingzu , Igarashi(五十嵐大地) Daichi , Miyatake(宮武駿) Shun , Tagawa(田川義之) Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2023

The impact of a drop on a solid surface is an important phenomenon that has various implications and applications. However, the multiphase nature of this phenomenon causes complications in the prediction of its morphological evolution, especially when the drop splashes. While most machine-learning-based drop-impact studies have centred around physical parameters, this study used a computer-vision strategy by training an encoder–decoder to predict the drop morphologies using image data. Herein, we show that this trained encoder–decoder is able to successfully generate videos that show the morphologies of splashing and non-splashing drops. Remarkably, in each frame of these generated videos, the spreading diameter of the drop was found to be in good agreement with that of the actual videos. Moreover, there was also a high accuracy in splashing/non-splashing prediction. These findings demonstrate the ability of the trained encoder–decoder to generate videos that can accurately represent the drop morphologies. This approach provides a faster and cheaper alternative to experimental and numerical studies.
Magnetic skyrmions and domain walls for logical and neuromorphic computing
Authors: Hu Xuan , Cui Can , Liu Samuel , Garcia-Sanchez Felipe , Brigner Wesley H , Walker Benjamin W , Edwards Alexander J , Xiao T Patrick , Bennett Christopher H , Hassan Naimul , Frank Michael P , Anne C Incorvia Jean , Friedman Joseph S
Published: March 2023

Topological solitons are exciting candidates for the physical implementation of next-generation computing systems. As these solitons are nanoscale and can be controlled with minimal energy consumption, they are ideal to fulfill emerging needs for computing in the era of big data processing and storage. Magnetic domain walls (DWs) and magnetic skyrmions are two types of topological solitons that are particularly exciting for next-generation computing systems in light of their non-volatility, scalability, rich physical interactions, and ability to exhibit non-linear behaviors. Here we summarize the development of computing systems based on magnetic topological solitons, highlighting logical and neuromorphic computing with magnetic DWs and skyrmions.
EasyCellType: marker-based cell-type annotation by automatically querying multiple databases
Authors: Li Ruoxing , Zhang Jianjun , Li Ziyi
Published: March 2023

Motivation

Cell label annotation is a challenging step in the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, especially for tissue types that are less commonly studied. The accumulation of scRNA-seq studies and biological knowledge leads to several well-maintained cell marker databases. Manually examining the cell marker lists against these databases can be difficult due to the large amount of available information. Additionally, simply overlapping the two lists without considering gene ranking might lead to unreliable results. Thus, an automated method with careful statistical testing is needed to facilitate the usage of these databases.

Results

We develop a user-friendly computational tool, EasyCellType, which automatically checks an input marker list obtained by differential expression analysis against the databases and provides annotation recommendations in graphical outcomes. The package provides two statistical tests, gene set enrichment analysis and a modified version of Fisher’s exact test, as well as customized database and tissue type choices. We also provide an interactive shiny application to annotate cells in a user-friendly graphical user interface. The simulation study and real-data applications demonstrate favorable results by the proposed method.

Availability and implementation

https://biostatistics.mdanderson.org/shinyapps/EasyCellType/; https://bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/html/EasyCellType.html.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
The Epilepsy Ontology: a community-based ontology tailored for semantic interoperability and text mining
Authors: Sargsyan Astghik , Wegner Philipp , Gebel Stephan , Kaladharan Abish , Sethumadhavan Priya , Lage-Rupprecht Vanessa , Darms Johannes , Schultz Bruce , Klein Jürgen , Jacobs Marc , Madan Sumit , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Kodamullil Alpha Tom
Published: March 2023

Motivation

Epilepsy is a multifaceted complex disorder that requires a precise understanding of the classification, diagnosis, treatment and disease mechanism governing it. Although scattered resources are available on epilepsy, comprehensive and structured knowledge is missing. In contemplation to promote multidisciplinary knowledge exchange and facilitate advancement in clinical management, especially in pre-clinical research, a disease-specific ontology is necessary. The presented ontology is designed to enable better interconnection between scientific community members in the epilepsy domain.

Results

The Epilepsy Ontology (EPIO) is an assembly of structured knowledge on various aspects of epilepsy, developed according to Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) Foundry principles. Concepts and definitions are collected from the latest International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification, domain-specific ontologies and scientific literature. This ontology consists of 1879 classes and 28 151 axioms (2171 declaration axioms, 2219 logical axioms) from several aspects of epilepsy. This ontology is intended to be used for data management and text mining purposes.

Availability and implementation

The current release of the ontology is publicly available under a Creative Commons 4.0 License and shared via http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/epso.owl and is a community-based effort assembling various facets of the complex disease. The ontology is also deposited in BioPortal at https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/EPIO.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.