bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Three Different Microbial Agents on Biodegradation of Agriculture and Forestry Wastes
Authors: Wang Shun Li , Liu Yi , Liu Yue Qiu , Gao Cheng Da , Liu Ke Feng
Published: June 2014

The generations of agricultural and forestry wastes (AFWS) are increasing rapidly with developments of agriculture and forestry in China, and AFWS are commonly treated by composting. The objective of this work was to explore the effect of different microbial agents on biodegradation of AFWS. Three microbial agents in the research were Phanerochaete chrysosporium(PC) , Coriolus versicolor (CV) and GP (agent developed from laboratory with high lignocellulose degradation ability). All the composts inoculated the different microbial agents matured in 58 days. Compared with CK(without exogenous micro agent), composts with micro agents inoculated increased the duration of high-temperature fermentation period, reduced the maturity time, and increased lignocellulose degradation rate. PC and GP inoculated to AFWS produced the higher quality compost with respect to C/N ratio, GI, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and humic acid content.
Experimental Studies on Anaerobic Digestion of Straw Stalk Mixed with Pig Dung
Authors: Sun Xiao Fei , Zheng Shuang Ying , Liu Xue Tong , Ye Hui
Published: June 2014

A series of anaerobic digestion experiments on straw stalk mixed with pig dung was carried out at mid-temperature (35°C) by using the self-designed continuous stirring tank reactor (CSTR) in different organic load rates (OLR). Anaerobic digestion indexes, such as pH, ammonia-nitrogen, volatile fatty acid (VFA), total alkalinity, quantity of gas production and production rate of methane under the different organic load were studied and the aerogenic capability of the system and its stability were analyzed, so as to find the optimal organic load rate for anaerobic digestion reaction. The results show that: (1) With the OLR increases from 0.5-2.0g VS/(L·d) step by step, the pH value is always maintained 6.7-7.2; the average daily gas-production quantity is 869-3232 mL; the average ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the anaerobic digestion process has kept 522-850mg/L; the VFA concentration has remained between 1520-3420mg/L; the average total alkalinity is among 2152-2441mg/L . (2) The anaerobic digestion system is stable when the OLR increases from 0.5-2.0g VS/(L·d), and the optimal organic load rate is 1.5g VS/(L·d) for volume fraction of methane.
Impacts of Hydrothermal Process on the Perfomance Parameters of Restaurant Garbage
Authors: Lian Hai Ren
Published: June 2014

First, through implementing a U24 (63) uniform design trial with 3 factors at 6 levels on temperature, heating time and water addition ratio as the main influencing factors of hydrothermal process and analyzing the physicochemical characteristics, the process parameters were optimized in this research. Then, the impacts of the hydrothermal process on the performance of sterilization, de-oiling and dewaterability were studied. It showed that the highest nutrient value of the product appears on condition that the temperature, heating time and water addition ratio were 120 °C, 80 minutes and 30% respectively. Additionally, hydrothermal treatment can kill bacteria thoroughly and affect the dewaterablity of the garbage markedly. Furthermore, hydrothermal process improved the de-oil performance of the garbage, and the optimal conditions for de-oil was the temperature 160 °C and heating time 80 minutes.
Kinetic Study on Pyrolysis of Gentamicin Residue
Authors: Liu Ren Ping , Yao Rui , Li Hui
Published: June 2014

Gentamicin bacteria residue contains high organic compound. The technology of thermochemical conversion can effectively solve the problem of bulk gentamicin residue disposal, research on pyrolysis kinetics of the reaction is the basic work for thermochemical conversion . In this paper, Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer under inert conditions and operated at different heating rates (5, 10, 20 K/min).Two different kinetic models, the iso-conversional Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (Ozawa) models and Satava method were applied on TGA data of gentamicin residue to calculate the kinetic parameters including activation energy, pre-exponential factor and Mechanism function. The results showed that: gentamicin bacteria residue lost most weight of it between 100-650 °C , about 74.23% of the whole sample can decompose under high temperature. The pyrolysis function for gentamicin residue should be G(α) =[-ln(1-α)]3.
Laboratory Study of Engineering Properties of Flowable Backfill Material
Authors: Hong Zhang , Chao Guo , Liang Li , Liu Zhi Qiang
Published: June 2014

Aimed at the common problems of small backfill space, hard to backfill, difficult to guarantee compaction quality in engineering, development law of fluidity and mechanical properties (unconfined compressive strength and cleavage strength) is analyzed by changing mix ratio of cement, fly ash and water. Fluidity is mainly controlled by water content. Range of fluidity is significantly different when water content is around 60％.Considering the effect of economy and strength, 4% cement content will be recommended.
Lower Ash Experimental Study on New Slime Separator
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhang Yi Shun , Shi Chang Liang , Liu Yuan Yang , Wang Fei Yue
Published: June 2014

The flotation is the effective method to fine coal separation, but the cost is higher and flotation reagents pollute circulating water system. In this paper, the JiuLiShan coarse coal slim was classified, the interception of 0.25 mm was collected, fine coal float-and sink test was carried out. For the-0.25mm coarse slime, compare the flotation, conventional coarse coal slime separation and new slime separator separation, the results show: underflow ash increased by 12.4%;the new slime separator is suitable for the 0.25 mm granularity fine coal slime, can be applied to lower fine slime ash, raising cleaned coal yield.
A New Method for Comprehensive Utilization of Kitchen Garbage
Authors: Zhang Xin Xin , Xi Li Min , Yu Hong Yan , Wu Han Gui
Published: June 2014

The paper discusses the disposal of kitchen garbage by means of comprehensive utilization. The method includes four steps: pretreatment of kitchen garbage; preparation of biodiesel from oil-phase by transesterification; Rhizopus oryzae TZY1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae TZY0 were co-inoculated into water-phase for fuel ethanol production; preparation of protein feed from solid residue of fermentation. Advantage of the method is to make good use of the kitchen garbage, simplify the disposal process, with good prospects for industrial utilization.
Cadmium Phytoextraction and Physiological Changes of Triticum aestivum L. in Hydroponic Culture
Authors: Bao Tong
Published: June 2014

This work evaluated the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the physiological responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). For this purpose, seedlings of wheat were cultivated under controlled conditions. The plant chlorophyll content of young leaves, biomass production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and phytosiderophores (PS) release by roots were assessed. Results showed that Cd decreased the chlorophyll content of young leaves, accompanied by a significant shoot and root biomass reduction across all Cd treatments. Cadmium also inhibited PS release in wheat.
Strategies and Practices of ZhuoLuXian Rural Living Garbage Processing
Authors: Jing Chang Yong , Ling Shao Hua , Wang Hong Fen , Ma Li
Published: June 2014

Analyzed ZhuoLuXian rural living garbage processing present situation, points out the problems existing in the current disposal way; For how to science the living garbage collection classification provides guidance standards; Put forward the "fixed-point, group classification, village collection, township transfer and county treatment" of new processing mode; And put forward to strengthen infrastructure construction and improve the sanitation team and actively and steadily promote the garbage incineration and other specific measures and Suggestions.
Study on the Extraction of Arsenic in Destruction Residues of Arsenical Chemical Weapons
Authors: You Li Juan , Zhou Ting , Wang Xue Feng , Xu Yong , Rao Gang , Meng Xin
Published: June 2014

In order to treat these arsenical residues produced when some arsenical chemical weapons were destroyed in Nanjing and recycle the arsenic, sulfuric acid was used as the extraction agent to extract the arsenic contained in the residuals, and single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were carried out to study the effects of factors including concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, temperature, shaking speed and time on the extraction effect. The results show that these five factors all have some effect on the arsenic extraction rate with the degree in the following order: Liquid-to-solid ratio> temperature> extraction agent concentration > time > shaking speed; when the sulfuric acid concentration is 1.2 mol/L and the liquid-to-solid ratio is 30, keeping the shaking speed at 200 r/min and extracting the residues at 40 °C for 2h, the arsenic extraction rate of the residues could reach up to 98.95%.
Study on Ultrasonic Extraction of Oligomeric Proantho Cyanidin from Chestnut Shell
Authors: Tang Xiu Hua , Zhang Feng Zhen
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the ultrasonic extraction method of Oligomeric Proantho Cyanidin with chestnut shells as raw materials is studied. Using single factor method we study the effects of different extraction time, extraction reagent, extracting agent concentration and ultrasonic power on the extraction rate of Oligomeric Proantho Cyanidin. After analyzing these various factors, we make the orthogonal experiment with the factors including extraction time, extraction agent concentration, extraction temperature, solid-liquid ration, and get the optimal conditions. The experimental results show that the optimum extraction conditions are as follow: time of 30 min, extracting agent of 40% (v %) ethanol aqueous solution, extraction temperature of 40 °C, solid-liquid ratio of 1: 25 g/mL and ultrasonic power of 100 w; under these conditions the extraction rate of Oligomeric Proantho Cyanidin is 3.418%.
The Feasibility of Coal Fly Ash and Cow Dung as an Artificial Soil to Plant Corn
Authors: Guan Yan , Han Qin Qin , Zhao Ji , Li Jing Quan , Xu Ji Fei
Published: June 2014

Fly ash contains K, P and trace elements which are the essential nutrients for plant growth. Cow dung has a lot of N element. It’s a good way to mix the fly ash with cow dung according to a certain proportion as an artificial soil for plant growth. This design can offer different kinds of essential nutrient elements and make the fly ash which is difficult to control harmless. This experiment mixes fly ash with cow dung in different proportion, then with different qualities of sand. A pot experiment of planting corn is carried out to observe the morphological changes and measure the dry weight of corn, pH and EC of an artificial soil. The result shows that B0 mixture (fly ash: cow dung is 2:1 with no sand) is best for corn growth. Using an artificial soil of a certain proportion of fly ash and cow dung mixed to plant corn is feasible.
CFD Simulation of an Airlift-Driven Raceway Bioreactor for Microalgae Cultivation
Authors: Weng Bin , Shen Ying , Chen Jia Cheng , Li Hua Biao , Liu Lu Ming , Deng Bao Cheng , Huang Geng Bin
Published: June 2014

The objective of this paper is to optimize the design and structure of an airlift-driven raceway bioreactor via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation for microalgae cultivation. The calculated results showed that the airlift-driven raceway bioreactor had maximum average velocity when setting two airlift tubes (of 350 mm in length) in the middle, furthermore adding the inducing baffle structure. Under this condition, minimum dead zone ratio was obtained, which was advantageous to the microalgae cultivaiton.
The Treatment and Recycling of FGD Waste
Authors: Fu Yu Yun , Zhou Jian Lei , Xiao Jian
Published: June 2014

At present, wet lime - gypsum flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technology is very common in the field of gas desulfurization technology. In addition, wet carbide slag - gypsum FGD and Magnesia FGD are also used. In the process of eliminating SO2, with the first two technology, the byproducts of desulfurization wastewater and gypsum will be produced; With Magnesia FGD, the byproducts of magnesium sulfite and magnesium will be produced. The way to utilize desulfurization wastewater, gypsum and magnesium comprehensively and to achieve circular economy is worth exploring.
The Use of Biomass Waste for Soilless Culture Matrix Compound Formula of Screening
Authors: Lu Yuan Yuan , Zeng Ke Feng , Li Gong
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a soilless cultivation of complex matrix formula design concept: the design of new formulations made waste biomass of agriculture available. It chose the complex organic matter crushed (wheat straw, rice straw, leaves and pine needles) as the main raw materials, and grass charcoal, sand, activated carbon as auxiliary material. The ratio of matrix was made according to the types and proportions of different materials which was made of four groups of vegetables soilless cultivation complex substrate and a set of comparison matrix, then the physical and chemical properties and the planting experiment of the four kinds of compound matrix were measured and compared and good substrate for vegetable cultivation was preliminarily screened. In the experiment, by comparing the validation of the cultivation of Chinese cabbage growth, the results showed that: in the M4 matrix (pine needles) for the growth of Chinese cabbage was the best. The growth and budding amounts in each measuring project showed the best, it meant seedling in best condition. This test will be reference for indoor gardening and greenhouse cultivation and so on, to bring us grow leisure interest and increase agricultural income.
Treatment of Oilfield Sewage by Thermal Distillation Technology
Authors: Zhu Jia Bin , Wang Shu Zhong , Yang Jian Ping
Published: June 2014

A large amount of waste heat is generated in the oil extraction process when using steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology. Thermal distillation technology is recommended to deal with the Liaohe Oilfield sewage. It not only can utilize the low-grade energy source, but also can recover the water to settle the water shortage problem. The principles and processes of multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and vapor compression (VC) are introduced, and the tech-economic analysis is also made. It is found that it has significant advantage in heat and water recovery using the MED technology to deal with the Liaohe Oilfield sewage.
Waste Steel-Pickling Sulphuric Acid Removal Treated by Freezing Crystallization-Acid Retardation Coupling Technology
Authors: Zhai Jian , Jiang Chun Hua , Wu Jian
Published: June 2014

Waste steel-pickling sulphuric acid was treated by freezing crystallization acid retardation coupling technology. Under the optimal conditions(temperature was -5 °C, rotational speed was 4000 rpm, TulsionA-32 as Acid Retardation reagent), the concentration of sulfuric acid reached 20～25 % and the concentration of FeSO4·7H2O fell to 15～20 g/L in the waste steel-pickling sulphuric acid which achieved the standard for sulfuric acid reuse. Polymeric ferric sulfate prepared by recyclable ferrous sulfate was accord with the first type of standard water clarfying agent polymer ferric sulfate(GB14591-2006)．
Improving Dehydration Property of Elutriation Sludge by CPAM and Modified Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Dong Lin Pei , Zhan Ji Ling , Li Xin
Published: June 2014

This article studied the dehydration effect of elutriation sludge produced in the process of cultivating aerobic granular sludge, which is a joint regulation of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and modified coal fly ash, using sludge specific resistance(SRF) and moisture content of sludge extent as the target. The results show that the greater the relative molecular weight, the better effect is. CPAM whose relative molecular weight is 8 million is the best type when solo casted. When casted by15 mg/L, SRF is reduced to 0.43×108 S2/g, The 1 g/L coal fly ash and 15 mg/L 8 million CPAM joint control, SRF is reduced to 0.4×108 S2/g, moisture content is 72.04%. When using modified coal fly ash, the result is better. Modified coal fly ash can effectively promote the efficiency of CPAM as the coagulant aid. It can further reduce SRF and moisture content of the sludge. We can observe the effects modified coal fly ash joint CPAM has on elutriation sludge morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Experimental Study on MSW Incineration Fly Ash Melting Characteristics
Authors: Zhao Jun , Wang Shu Zhong , Wu Zhi Qiang , Chen Lin , Meng Hai Yu
Published: June 2014

This paper studies the effects of calcium oxide and iron oxide in municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash on the melting temperature of fly ash by using different samples. In addition, this paper also studied the variation of fly ash melting temperature in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere by experiment.
Analysis of the Impact of the Gushan Navigation and Hydropower Project on Hydrological Regime and Water Quality of Han River
Authors: Zhang Dong Dong , Lu Fan , Yuan Yong , Yan Deng Hua
Published: June 2014

Based on the math model and comparative analysis, the change of hydrological regime and water quality in the Han River from the site of Baihe Hydropower Station to Gushan Hydropower Station caused by the dammed water of hydropower station and the regulation effect of reservoir is studied herein. The typical days in the wet season and the dry season in the dry year were selected as the study period in which the changes of hydrological regime and water quality after the construction of the reservoir were studied by comparative analysis. The results show that the project has some impact on the hydrological regime in the reservoir as the water level and the water depth would increase while the flow velocity would decrease after the construction of the reservoir. The water quality would be improved in different degree after the construction of the reservoir. For the sections which were near the dam, the degree of the water quality would be obviously improved.
Cumulative Effect of Cascade Hydropower Development on Water Quantity Process in the Upper Wu River of Western China
Authors: Wang Hua , Xia Kun , Song De Peng , Tang Yang
Published: June 2014

The Wu River Basin in western China is experiencing extensive hydropower development. Concerns have been raised about the consequences of the development for the ecological environment. In this paper, we assess the cumulative effect of six hydropower stations on water quantity process in the upper Wu River by using a combination of measured data and a distributed hydrological model based on MIKE11. The results show that the operation of hydropower stations averaged the runoff distribution that increased the November-April discharge by 10-176% and decreased the May-October discharge by 6-38%. Furthermore, the effect of averaging runoff distribution would be more obvious along with the adjustment of hydropower cascade stations due to cumulative effect, the differential ratio of mean discharge in flood season and dry season decreased from 79.3% to 20.4% along with the hydropower stations. Thus the water quantity process in the upper Wu River has been significantly altered by cascade hydropower development, but what the consequences are for the ecological environment, needs further study.
Dynamics Characteristics of Groundwater Exploitation in Tianjin, P.R. China
Authors: Wang Zhi Qiang , Li Hua , Zhang Wei , Wang Lan Hua
Published: June 2014

Regional groundwater exploitation is the foundation and basis for the groundwater resources administrative department to plan the rational utilization and protection of local groundwater resources. The dynamics characteristics and regularity of the local groundwater exploitation are studied in Tianjin from 1998 to 2009 by the methods of time-series analysis. The results show that it provides scientific basis for better understanding the present situation of groundwater exploitation objectively and planning the exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources reasonably.
A Study that Optimizate Reactive Brilliant Orange X-GN of CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3 under Oxidizing Conditions Based on Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ban Fu Chen , Jiang Ya Ling , Zhao Xiao Tong , Han Xue
Published: June 2014

To determine the reactive brilliant orange X-GN by CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3 optimum operating conditions.Under oxidizing conditions by CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3 that based on Box-Behnken Design,s response surface optimization analysis and establish model.The optimum operating conditions for cell voltage is 17.84V, pH is 7.0 ,concentration of electrolyte dosing is 966mg/L.Under this condition, the decolorization rate up to 95.5%,the impact of various factors on the size of decolorization rate is cell voltage>pH > concentration of electrolyte dosing ;the impact of the interaction between the factors various factors on the size of decolorization rate is cell voltage & pH value> cell voltage & concentration of electrolyte dosing>pH value & concentration of electrolyte dosing .
Facile Synthesis of NiO Nanoflowers and their Application in Water Treatment
Authors: Liu Ling , Zhang Xiao Jun , Liu Jian Zhou
Published: June 2014

A facile one-step solvothermal route was developed to synthesize NiO nanoflowers (200-300 nm in diameter) with the introduction of poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone)/stearic acid (PVP/SA) mixture. The product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), Thermal gravimetric analyze (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The mesoporous NiO nanoflowers showed an excellent adsorption capacity for organic pollutants (Congo red) from waste water (about 56 mg Congo red per g NiO).
Poyang Lake Region Precipitation Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Wang Jian Ying , Zhang Pan Pan , Pang Shu Sen
Published: June 2014

Poyang Lake is located in the northern part of Jiangxi Province, is one of the important Yangtze River flood storage lakes. Use Mann-Kendall test the trends and mutation of the Poyang Lake area rainfall time series, and use singular spectrum analysis (SSA) method to analyze the time series of periodic oscillation characteristics. The results showed that, the Poyang Lake area rainfall time series no significant upward or downward trend, there are quasi 4-5 years, 8-11 years, 20-year periodicity.
Research on Driving Mechanism of Socio-Economic Factors for Water Cycle
Authors: Hao Chun Feng , Jia Yang Wen , Niu Cun Wen , Liang Li Li
Published: June 2014

The paper selects water price as a potentially effective socio-economic factor for the mitigation of conflict between socio-economic development and regional water resources in the Weihe River basin on basis of the driving mechanism research of socio-economic factors for water cycle, and evaluates the variation of socio-economic and hydrological variables by comprehensive simulation of economic system and water resources system by coupling of economic model CGE, water allocation model ROWAS and distributed water cycle model WEP. The results indicate that raising water price would bring down socio-economic development and regional water demand to some extent, but regional water resources tensions just reduce so slightly that corresponding schemes turn out to be not sufficient to deal with water crisis in the Weihe River basin.
Research on Response of Drought Events in Mountain Area of Haihe River Basin Based on Multi-Source Data
Authors: Yin Jun , Yan Deng Hua , Yang Zhi Yong , Yuan Zhe , Hao Cai Lian
Published: June 2014

Proxy data, measured data and historical records were assembled to study the drought events response features in the mountain area of Haihe Basin. Tree-ring width data (proxy) and historical records were used to analyze the response features of drought events to proxy. Meteorological data was introduced to calculate relative humidity index to raise the accuracy rate of tree-ring width indexs indication to drought event. Hydrological data was introduced to calculate runoff departure percentage to verify the conclusion that precipitation is the main factor affecting the tree-ring width of Chinese pine in Xiaowutai Mountain.
Study on Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in China Shandong Province
Authors: Shi Yun Li
Published: June 2014

Water scarcity has become a bottleneck that restricts the sustainable economic and social development of China Shandong Province. This paper analyzes the carrying capacity, development and utilization, and problems of water resources in Shandong Province, proposes ways to improve water resources carrying capacity, and builds a sustainable and balanced water resources security system for the construction of Bohai Economic Rim, to promote coordinated development between water resources and economy, society and environment.
Comparison of DNA Extraction and Purification Methods from Different Soils for Metagenomic Sequencing
Authors: Wu Lin Hui , Liu Jian Li , Zeng Jing , Zhao Ji
Published: June 2014

There is an increased interest in the extraction of nucleic acids from various environmental samples, since only a minority of naturally occurring microbes can be cultured using standard techniques. Nucleic acids extraction and purification from soils are extremely challenging due to the low biomass, high organic contents and high variability of soil types. This has been regarded as one of the major difficulties that hamper the development of soil microbial ecology study. No commercial nucleic acids kits currently available are capable of preparing the DNAs without modifications. The cost can be very high for DNA extraction from extreme environmental soil samples, such as soils that have extreme high or low pHs. In this work, we developed and optimized soil DNA extraction and purification methods on different soils and compared the impact of three different DNA extraction protocols on DNA yield and purity. For the three different types of soil we used, direct extraction obtained the highest DNA recover rate, but required more cleanup steps. MoBio PowerSoil® DNA Isolation Kit yields less but do not require as many downstream cleaning steps. Both of the two methods obtained a more abundant microbial community than Meta-G-NomeTM DNA Isolation Kit.
Empirical Study of Sunan’s Water Resources Carrying Capacity during the Process of Modernization
Authors: Chen Miao , Wu Feng Ping
Published: June 2014

Taking Sunan’s water resource carrying capacity as the research object, this article extracted three principal components from thirteen indicators influencing water resources carrying capacity through principal component analysis method. Then bestowing weights to the three components using entropy value method, the composite scores of Sunan’s water resource carrying capacity from 2002 to 2012 could be calculated.The result shows that, with the advancement of Sunan modernization, Sunan’s water resource carrying capacity will face a major test, thus requiring a reasonable and efficient use of water resources and giving full play to potential of water resources.
The Evaluation Groundwater Quality in Daqing Oilfield by Using Logging Data
Authors: Yang Yu Bo , Deng Zhong Jun
Published: June 2014

In order to research the groundwater quality of the Taikang Formation in Tertiary in west of Daqing Oilfield, resistivity logging data of 140 wells in the study area were used to analyze the relations between the groundwater quality and sedimentary sand body and buried depth. The south area of Hongweixing well area and the east of Xishuiyuan well area, including Ranghulu, Qianjincun, Dulitun and Nanshuiyuan well area are favorable for high quality groundwater. The shallower buried water quality is better than the deeper buried water quality of the Taikang Formation in Tertiary. The research provides the evidences to evaluate the groundwater quality in west Daqing Oilfield and determine specific well location, improving the efficiency of exploring the underground drinking water.
The Impacts of the Basin Scale Hydrological Cycle to Water Budget of Wetlands in Nenjiang River Basin
Authors: Yan Deng Hua , Yuan Yong , Jia Yang Wen , Hu Dong Lai , Chen Juan , Zhang Cheng
Published: June 2014

The relationship between the water budget of wetlands and the water cycle process in local river basin is bidirectional. The recovery and function performance of the wetland are based on this relationship. Hydrological models are the effective tool to detecting this link. The distributed hydrologic model was the key supports in this study and was used to quantitative identify the change of water budget of the wetlands which was impacted by the water cycle evolution in Nenjiang River basin in Northeast China. The results indicated that precipitation, runoff and evapotranspiration both in the basin and wetlands present similar declining trend. The precipitation is the major recharge source, and the evapotranspiration is the primary output of wetlands. The value of mean change in storage of the wetlands is negative which is caused by the decrease of the area of wetlands. The results of land use pattern evolution change surface inflow in the wetlands in the basin scenarios simulation indicated. These results suggested that water budget of wetlands is influenced by water cycle in basin. And some reasonable measures for wetlands management should not only base on its features, but also pay attention to hydrological regime in basin.
Cultivation of Chlorella Culturing with RO Brine - Primary Effluent Blended
Authors: Zhao Xiao Guang , Zhao Lu , Hao Jian Wu , Song Shi Jie
Published: June 2014

The paper introduced a new idea of culturing Chlorella with combined reverse osmosis (RO) brine concentrate and primary effluent from sewage treatment plant as culture medium. This method was expected to reuse wastewater resource and lower the cost of Chlorella cultivation. The biomass of Chlorella at different temperature and different proportion of RO brine (0-90% by volume) were measured. Results showed that Chlorella had an ability to grow in RO brine blended with primary effluent. The biomass of Chlorella in 30% of RO brine blended was the most. At a low temperature of 10℃, the effect of RO brine on Chlorella biomass was obvious, high temperature (30℃) inhibited the growth of Chlorella, 20℃ was the most favorable temperature for growth.
Numerical Simulation and Rational Use of Groundwater in Beijing Daxing
Authors: Ma Dong Mei , Zhang Hai Ping , Wei Wen Qing , Hao Cai Xia , Fang Fang
Published: June 2014

In order to promoting the reasonable utilization of groundwater in Daxing district, the groundwater level dynamic process was simulated by generalizing hydrogeological conditions and constructing groundwater numerical simulation model. The results shows that the main affecting factors of groundwater level in the Daxing area are exploitation and precipitation recharge. Some groundwater exploiting measures are recommended according to the simulation result.
Numerical Simulation of Seepage Field in Aquifer under the Coal Seam
Authors: Bian Kai , Chen Shi Lei , Li Xue Yuan , Zhao Ying Wang
Published: June 2014

In order to figure out seepage field in aquifer under the coal seam, the geology and hydrogeology conditions systematically of study area were analyzed, hydrogeological conceptual model was generalized, mathematical model was built, seepage field of the Taiyuan limestone aquifer was simulated with software Feflow. Simulation results show that hydrogeological parameters of Taiyuan limestone aquifer change greatly in different partitions. The model also indicates the heterogeneity of karst fissure of Taiyuan limestone aquifer. The drainage quantity is from the Ordovician limestone aquifer besides supplying from runoff of upstream and capture excretion of downstream. The research is an attempt to simulate the seepage field in aquifer under coal seam, to some extent, it also provides a technical basis for safe coal mining and as a reference for simulation constructions of three-dimensional groundwater flow models in similar coal mines.
Present Situation and Corresponding Measures of Water Resources in Huangshi City
Authors: Zhang Li La , Peng Xian Ze
Published: June 2014

This article has analyzed water resources present situation in Huangshi. In view of water resources problem at present, put forward some proposals to the next water resources sustainable use.
Study on Ecological Water Diversion Optimization Based on the One-Dimensional River Network Model – With Wenrui River System in North of Fanyou as an Example
Authors: Hu Ke Ke , Xu Hai Bo , Peng Zhen Hua
Published: June 2014

Wenrui river system in the north of Fanyou is located in Wenzhou city. In recent years, river water quality has been improved by the implementation of ecological water diversion with the phenomenon of large area of black smelly basically eliminated. But there is still no fundamental improvement in river water environment. In this paper, sluice scheduling, scheduling of water supply and optimized control scheme is studied based on the one-dimensional river network model, on the basis of current situation of ecological operation, through analyzing the characteristics of river water system in north of Fanyou, water source and the distribution of main control sluice. It is turned out that water quality of Wenrui river system in north of Fanyou cannot be comprehensively improved by ecological water diversion and can only be targeted to the important areas and key rivers, due to the large area, complex river net and limited ecological water supply. Pollution reduction is the most fundamental way to improve river water quality. But currently, on the premise of difficultly cutting down complete pollutions, river water quality can be improved to a certain extent by ecological water diversion with Puzhou sluice as the main control sluice, combined with other sluices for joint scheduling. In the future, if pollution load can be reduced and enough water supply can be guaranteed, river water quality can reach class II or III in the key areas along the Ou River and river water in other areas also has different degrees of improvement.
Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities under Different Soil Salinity Levels Analyzing by PLFA
Authors: Li Xin , Jiao Yan , Yang Ming De
Published: June 2014

Under different soil salinity levels, diversity of soil microbial communities from Hetao irrigated land of Inner Mongolia was studied by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The study found that PLFAs biomass in saline soil was significantly lower than those of strongly salinized soil and slight salinized soil. Microbes was bacteria-based from these soil. The bacterial PLFA loading in saline soil is significantly less than those of strongly salinized soil and slight salinized soil . Cluster analysis showed that changes had obviously taken place on soil microbial composition and quantity under different soil salinity levels.About 76.89% of variation in PLFA patterns explained by PC1(the first  principal components),and 17:1, 16:0, 18:1w9c, 18:1w9t, 18:2, 18:3w3c, 12:0 were strongly negatively correlated with PC1.However,soil salinity and pH were positively correlated with PC1.We conclude that soil salinity has  a profound affect on the microbial community structure.
A Discussion of the Fractionation Model in the Process of Evaporation
Authors: Ma Hong Yun , Yin Li He , Zhang Jun , Huang Jin Ting , Wang Xiao yong , Dong Jia Qiu
Published: June 2014

Isotopic fractionation is the basic study of isotope tracer method. The most common fractionation of water in the natural is diffusion controlled kinetic fractionation in the process of evaporation. This process is now commonly represented by Cappa equation. In Cappa’s concept model, the atmosphere was divided into two layers, the free atmosphere and the laminar layer above the surface of evaporating water. In this article, a modified three layer model was used to represent experiments of Cappa (2003). It was shown that there was a third layer between free atmosphere and the laminar layer, the mixing layer. The simulated results also indicate that: (1) in test one, in which dry air was used as the inlet air, all vapor in the free air was from evaporating. Cappa Model can represents the experiment as well as the three layer model; (2) in test two, in which 50% humidity of air was used as the inlet air, results calculated by Cappa Model showed apparent depleted deviation from measured data; (3) the best fit result of test two supports the exist of the third layer, the mixed layer. It was also indicates that the vapor of mixed layer is made up of partial vapor from free atmosphere and all vapor from laminar layer. The modified Cappa model can represent all tests.
Key words: Evaporation process, Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, the factor of fractionation, Cappa Model
Three-Dimensional Numerical Model-SELFE of Salinity in Yangtze River
Authors: Zhu Yu Xin , Zhou Bin , Zhao Jun Jie
Published: June 2014

It applies hydrodynamic Model-SELF-E to complete simulation system of 3D current-salinity in Yangtze River, The paper introduces S-Z coordinates in Vertical Hybrid Coordinates, and compares the computational results with measured data, showing that the salinity of north branch has always been higher than that of south branch, and the salinity change rates are also more than its of south branch.
Groundwater Isotope Characteristics Analysis of Wuhai
Authors: Yang Guang Liang , Chen Jian Sheng , Liu Guang
Published: June 2014

By the field investigation on BaYinTaohai of WuHai，this article found that ,although this town locates in the northwest arid areas with little rain and big evaporation, the groundwater is abundant. Many artesian wells and springs are founded in this place. Through the analysis of the isotope characteristics of the groundwater in the study area, It is concluded that the shallow groundwater of south Wuhai recharge from local precipitation，while deep confined water recharge from allogenic water with isotope dilution.
Research on Vertical Distribution of Water Temperature in Different Regulation Reservoirs
Authors: Qi Chang Jun , Zhai Yuan , Lu Bao Hong , Wang Qing Gai
Published: June 2014

The vertical distribution of the reservoir water temperature depends on the scale of the reservoir, regulation manners, as well as the hydrological and geological conditions near reservoir areas. Based on water temperature observation from three different regulation reservoirs, this paper analyses the vertical distribution of these reservoirs water temperature. The preliminary conclusions are: for multi-annual regulation reservoirs, the upper zones usually have stable temperature stratification structures, while the lower zones have constant low temperature; for annual regulation reservoirs, water temperature distribution changes with depth; for the daily regulation reservoirs with low water depths present mixed vertical distributions of water temperature.
Ecofriendly Flocculation of Bentonite Suspensions by Two Anionic Polysaccharides: Carboxylated Chitosan (CC) and Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch (CMS-Na)
Authors: Zhang Bing Bing , Bai Jing , Yuan Guang Jin , Jia Yan Yan , Han Zhe Xiang , Zhao Zhi Guo , Miao Ming Yue , Su Hai Quan
Published: June 2014

Growing demand for ecofriendly technologies promotes the interest in investigation of natural flocculants and their derivatization aimed to dewatering of colloidal stable clay suspensions in a low energy consumption and environmentally friendly way. The present work used two negatively charged polysaccharides carboxylated chitosan (CC) and sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS-Na) as flocculants and bentonite as colloidal particles system to study the influence of their charge characteristics on flocculation efficacy. Flocculation studies between negatively charged polysaccharides and negatively charged bentonite colloidal particles were systematically investigated through standard jar test procedure and laser light scattering measurements. It was found that the investigated negatively charged polysaccharides showed high flocculation performance for bentonite suspensions at less amount anionic polysaccharides doses but obvious deteriorative performance even antiflocculation process appeared at large amount anionic polysaccharides dosage.
Computation of Normal Depth in Trapezoidal Open Channel Using the Rough Model Method
Authors: Achour Bachir
Published: June 2014

The recurring problem of calculating the normal depth in a trapezoidal open channel is easily solved by the rough model method. The Darcy-Weisbach relationship is applied to a referential rough model whose friction factor is arbitrarily chosen. This leads to establish the non-dimensional normal depth relationship in the rough model. Through a non-dimensional correction factor of linear dimension, the aspect ratio and therefore normal depth in the studied channel is deduced.
Keywords: Rough model method, Trapezoidal channel, Normal depth, Turbulent flow, Discharge, Energy slope.
Differential Hydrological Grey Self-Memory Model in Simulation and Prediction of Runoff
Authors: Yang Zhi Yong , Yuan Zhe , Yan Deng Hua , Yin Jun
Published: June 2014

Based on the traditional differential hydrological grey-model, this paper applied the annual/seasonal index to data pre-processing of precipitation and runoff and established the Differential Hydrological Grey Self-memory Model with the self-memory theory. The model was used to simulate and predict the runoff in different time scales. The results showed that:1The model performed much better in year time scale with achieving precision requirement of hydrological model;2the relative deviation was decreased to 0.6%, the correlation coefficient and Nash-Sutcliffe were raised to 0.744 and 0.704 respectively with the pre-processing data of precipitation and runoff;3the model was applicable to predicting the runoff especially in the year time scale. The structure model was simple and easy to be calculated, nevertheless, the factors of evaporation, land-use and human activity should be taken into consideration so that the model can be more perfect. Keywords: Grey model; self-memory theory; annual/seasonal index; runoff
Dynamics of Water Quality in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Weihe River
Authors: Deng Juan , Hu Dong Feng , Shangguan Zhou Ping
Published: June 2014

The Weihe River is an upstream tributary of the Yellow River that is heavily influenced by excessive pollutant discharge. In this study, the water quality of the Weihe River was studied based on five water quality indices: CODMn (chemical oxygen demand), BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand), NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen), DO (dissolved oxygen), and PPI (potassium permanganate index), using monitoring data collected from 13 river sections in the middle and lower reaches of the river from 2001 to 2010. Our results showed that the water quality tended to deteriorate from the upper to the lower reaches of the river. Additionally, CODMn, NH3-N and PPI were found to be the major factors resulting in water pollution over time in all river sections, but the pollutant concentrations with the interannual variability differed in every section. Therefore, many efficient and reasonable measures should be carried out to control water pollution and improve water quality in the Weihe River.
Researches on Temporal and Spatial Changes of Suspended Sediment Nutrients and Source Contributions in Xitiaoxi River, China
Authors: Lu Zhao Peng , Yuan Xu Yin , Chen Hai Long , Wang Huan , Zhao Xue Qiang
Published: June 2014

Xitiaoxi River is the main discharge river of Taihu Lake. It is important to research changes of suspended sediment nutrients and their provenances for the water environment management. This paper analyzes temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in suspended sediments (SS) and establishes the geochemical model to quantify the proportions of SS sources with geochemical parameters in different reaches. The results show that the contents of SS and its nutrients of the downstream are significantly higher than the upstream and midstream. The contents of nutrients in SS in dry season are higher than in wet season. The C/N and IP/OP ratios of SS can effectively reflect the material source types in the different reaches, which are associated with land use types. Woodland is relatively higher contribution to SS in the upstream, arable lands become a major contributor to SS in the midstream, while urban land is the highest contribution to SS in the downstream. Seasonal changes also affect the contributions of land use to SS. Woodland and urban land show more contributions to SS in wet season than in dry season, whereas arable land and bank sediment show the higher proportions for SS source.
The Spatial and Temporal Variations Characteristic of Erosive Rainfall in the Yellow River Basin during 1961-2010
Authors: Cai Xin Ling , Li Qian , Hu Lin , Zhao Xiao Meng
Published: June 2014

Based on the daily rainfall data of 145 meteorological stations in the Yellow River basin, the spatial and temporal variations characteristic of erosive rainfall was analyzed by using statistical methods. The results show that the trend of the erosion precipitation, extreme precipitation and annual precipitation is significantly reduced. The erosion precipitation, extreme precipitation and annual precipitation are decrease from southeast to northwest. The long-term trends of different intensities rainfall is non-uniformity in space nearly 50 years. The erosion precipitation and annual precipitation are increasing in most areas of the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin, and are decreasing in the others areas, especially decreasing significantly in the water and soil loss of serious erosion in the Loess Plateau.
The Status and Development Countermeasure Of Chinese Water Resources Argumentation for Planning
Authors: Wu Xue Yi , Xie Xin Min , Wei Chuan Jiang , Zhu Zhao Hui
Published: June 2014

In order to grasp the status of water resources argumentation for planning in China and improve the level of the argumentation, the water resources argumentation for planning cases, the water resources planning cases and the water resources argumentation for project cases were analyzed. The ideas, contents and technical methods of water resources argumentation for planning were still under the influence of the water resources argumentation for project. Our results suggest that legislation, argumentation bases, technical requirements and pilot study should be completed further according to the planning characters.
Studies on Community Characteristics of Actinomycetes at Lakeside of Swamping Wetland in WuLiangSuHai
Authors: Cao Wei Wei , Zhao Ji , Shao Yu Qin , Lu Jia Yin , Li Jing Yu
Published: June 2014

The core of this research was to study the amount, diversity, richness, evenness and dominance of soil Actinomycetes at lakeside of swamping wetland. In this study, Amount of Actinomycetes were determined through plate counting method, which was in Phragmites australis, Suaeda salsa and Nitraria tangutorum growing soil at the upstream, midstream and downstream of Wuliangsuhai. Community structure of Actinomycetes were analyzed on the basis of it‘s diversity index (H), evenness index (J), richness index (R) and dominance index (D). The results showed that, the diversity, richness and dominance of Actinomycetes were all affected by the types of plants, and showed significant difference among them. However, there was no significant difference for evenness. What’s more, both the order of diversity and richness in different plants growing soil were: Nitraria tangutorum> Suaeda salsa >Phragmites australis. And the order of dominance was: Suaeda salsa >Phragmites australis >Nitraria tangutorum. Dominant bacteria in Phragmites australis was Flavus, accounting for 85%, dominant bacteria in Nitraria tangutorum were Albosporus and Flavus, which accounted for 54.8% and 26%, and dominant bacteria in Suaeda salsa were Albosporus,Albosporus and Flavus, accounted for 26.7%, 23.5%. As the succession from Phragmites australis swamp to Suaeda salsa Saline meadow, and then to Nitraria tangutorum desert in Wuliangsuhai, the composition and structure of Actinomycetes there are changing at the same time.