bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le réanimateur au cœur du débat sociétal sur la fin de vie, trois ans après la loi Claeys-Leonetti
Authors: Boyer A. , Thiery G. , Silva S. , Ducos G.
Published: July 2019

La loi Claeys-Leonetti a trois ans. Elle consacre la sédation profonde et continue jusqu’au décès dans certaines circonstances, elle rend contraignantes les directives anticipées pour le corps médical, et elle établit un vrai contrat de confiance entre le patient et sa personne de confiance. Dans un contexte de méconnaissance de cette loi, un sentiment de « mal mourir » persiste. Notamment, le choix d’un terme de pronostic vital engagé à quelques heures ou jours est perçu comme trop restrictif pour certains patients souffrant psychiquement ou physiquement dans les suites d’une maladie aiguë ou chronique. L’arrêt de la nutrition et de l’hydratation pose également des problèmes d’interprétation qui mériteraient d’être précisés. Cela conduit à une demande d’évolution législative vers l’euthanasie ou l’assistance au suicide. Une telle évolution, déjà pratiquée au Benelux depuis presque 20 ans non sans que le débat y persiste, doit être bien soupesée pour éviter les pièges d’une conception utilitariste de la vie. Mais elle doit aussi être posée en regard de la demande croissante d’autonomie qui ne constitue qu’une réponse logique et respectable aux progrès vertigineux de la médecine. Les priorités actuelles sont, d’une part, d’informer et de discuter des possibilités données par la loi actuelle et, d’autre part, de mettre en œuvre une politique globale diminuant les situations où le sentiment d’indignité de la fin de vie est prégnant. Les équipes de réanimation, par les conséquences proches comme plus lointaines de leur décision, sont et doivent rester au cœur de cette réflexion.
Decolonizing Siberian Minds
Authors: Romaniello Matthew P.
Published: July 2019

Russian imperialism continues to leave a strong imprint on indigenous cultures across Siberia, and throughout the Russian Federation and the post-Soviet republics. Imperialism is invasive and persistent, and it might be impossible to escape its consequences. In 1986, African novelist and postcolonial theorist Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o published his influential essay collection, Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. One of his arguments is that no postcolonial subject could be free from the constraints of imperialism until she or he succeeded in freeing the mind from the trap of an imposed (and foreign) language. Ngũgĩ’s experience was based on his own life growing up in Kenya, but his lesson is as applicable to Siberia as it is for East Africa. For indigenous Siberians, language and education are at the forefront of the ongoing postcolonial struggle to maintain their cultural identities in modern Russia.
Chukchi-Speaking Communities in Three Russian Regions
Authors: Pupynina Maria , Koryakov Yuri
Published: July 2019

The Chukchi-speaking population is distributed within three regions of the Russian Federation—Chukotka, Kamchatka, and Yakutia. Because of the lack of regular transportation between these regions and different attitudes toward the Chukchi from the local authorities, Chukchi-speaking communities in these regions have become isolated from one another and have been developing independently. This article observes the dynamics of language shift in all Chukchi-speaking areas through the analysis of the data of the Russian Censuses (1897–2015), literature sources, and personal observations. The figures in this article illustrate the distribution of Chukchi-speaking communities within their historical and modern homeland, Chukchi vernacular zones, the participation in traditional economic activities, and contacts with other languages.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR ONTOGENESIS OF ARVICOLA AMPHIBIUS L. IN THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD
Authors: Petrova M. O. , Nazarova G. G. , Proskurniak L. P. , Kniazev S. P.
Published: July 2019

The paper explores the influence of littling sex and age, as well as mother’s body weight, size and sex composition of breed onto the ontogenesis of social behavior of water vole Arvicola amphibius L. The authors conducted experiments and explored the relation among the littlings of each breed in two key periods of postnatal ontogenesis. The authors explored behavior ontogenesis of 88 water voles’ littlings in 19 breeds. The behavior was recorded conducting the tests by means of placing the littlings on a neutral arena; first time it was conducted when the littlings aged 10 days and then at the age of 20 days. The researchers evaluated motor activity and elements of peaceful and aggressive behavior. The results showed that females more often demonstrate peaceful forms of social behavior than males. Negative relationship between frequency of peaceful contacts among the littlings on the mother’s body weight after birth and the proportion of males in the breed. When water voles age 20 days, the frequency of peaceful contacts among the littlings decreases, and the frequency of aggressive contacts increases. Inter-sex differences in the frequency of aggressive contacts have not been detected. The authors found out that aggressive contacts among sibs are initiated by females. The frequency of theses contacts relates to the number of breeds in which they were born and grew up, while the aggressiveness of males does not depend on the amount of their breeds.
SEED PRODUCTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTLETS POPULUS × JRTYSCHENSIS CH. Y. YANG
Authors: Proshkin B. V. , Klimov A. V.
Published: July 2019

The research explores the seed productivity and plantlets growth in the free pollination of the natural hybrid taxon P. × jrtyschensis. Fruits of P. × jrtyschensis were selected from four plants that grow in the collection ofResearchCenter“EducationalBotanical Garden” ofKemerovoStateUniversity. Four P. nigra model trees, randomly selected from theTomRiverfloodplain population, were applied as a control group. The authors used 30 fruit-bearing amentumsfrom each model. The researchers measured set of fruit (capsule); number of ovules per fruit; number of seeds per fruit; set of seeds.. Laboratory germination was determined by sowing Petri dishes on wet filter paper. The authors found out sowing germination by sowing 100 seeds in a box with soil and drainage. The energy of germination was determined on the second day while germination - on the fifth day. P. × jrtyschensis is characterized by a lower level of seed productivity (15-30%) compared to P. nigra. In terms of laboratory germination of seeds, the descendants of hybrids surpassed many P. nigra models, but their soil germination was 20-30% lower than that of black poplar. The observed variability in reproductive indices of both P. × jrtyschensis and P. nigra is mainly caused by specific features of their genotypes. Plantlets being developed, the authors observed no significant differences among the descendants of P. nigra and hybrids. The researchers highlighted plantlets that can stop growing and even more abnormal plants with one, three or four seeds in P. × jrtyschensis. This may be caused by underdevelopment of hypocotyl or germ root. The authors observed breaches in development of P. nigra just once. They outline high plantlets destruction when sowing hybrids on the first day after germination The share of destructed plants within a month (from the beginning of the experiment) reaches 66,0 %, and in P. nigra it does not exceed 40,0 %.
INTENSITY OF METABOLISM PROCESSES IN HIGH-FERTILITY COWS
Authors: Il E. N. , Zabolotnyh M. V.
Published: July 2019

The authors see highly productive, sustainable herd with a stable level of metabolism as one of the important tasks of animal husbandry. The development of intensive dairy farming facilitates extremely dangerous conditions for cows’ organism as the more the cow gives milk, the greater the risk is that it will have health problems. High dairy productivity makes a burden on the animals’ organisms, which slows down metabolic processes, reduces dairy productivity and requires a balanced diet and high-quality forages. The increase in milk productivity relates to disturbance in metabolism and diseases caused by conversion of energy and feed nutrients into milk. The authors ide is a human being should not only milk cows, but keep the cows healthy and care of their immune system. The immune system is a complex multi-component system and it is not resistant to various factors. It is the basis in keeping cows healthy and its long-term use. Nowadays, immunity disorder is seen as one of the main reasons for significant increase in the number of diseases related to metabolic disorders. Lower natural resistance of the cattle is mostly caused by the impact of production technology and adverse environmental factors. When solving these problems, the authors focus on facilitating breeding and productive qualities of animals.
IMPACT OF NABICATE ON MORPHOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF EUROPEAN CARP
Authors: Lykasova I. A. , Makarova G. P.
Published: July 2019

The paper reveals the scientific and research experience when exploring the impact of Nabikat (nanobiological catalyst, a product of mechanochemical synthesis of silicon compounds of rice husks and green tea, produced by the Centre for Technology Implementation inNovosibirsk) on the carp organism. The experiment was conducted in May-November of 2017 at Troitsk Fish Factory. The researchers selected 500 specimens of Scaly Carp of which 2 similar groups were arranged. The first group served as a control group and received the feed from the fish factory, while the second group of carps received Nabikat dosed2 kgper 1 ton of feed. The researchers took blood of 10 fish from each group for morphological biochemical analysis. Hematological analysis included the following indicators exploring: hemoglobin content, number of red blood cells and total number of leukocytes. The researchers determined total protein, albumins, urea, glucose, total lipids, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium as biochemical parameters. All the indicators were within the standard before the experiment, except for albumins and calcium, which concentrations were low. When applying Nabikat, the authors observed changes of the main microelements in the blood: lower calcium concentration by 20.68% (P<0.001), magnesium – by 8.51% and higher phosphorus concentration in comparison with the control group. The carps of the experimental group had higher concentrations of albumins by 10.08%, erythrocytes by 4.76 and haemoglobin by 31.51% compared to the control group. Application of Nabikat results in improvement of physiological and biochemical blood parameters of the fish from the experimental group. This was revealed in facilitating of the blood respiratory function.
ACUTE CHRONICAL TOXICITY AND INTOLERANCE OF SM - COMPLEX
Authors: Mifatkhudinov A. V. , Aleshina A. S.
Published: July 2019

The researchers elaborated pharmacological complex of SM at the Chair of Morphology, Physiology and Pharmacology atSouth-UralStateAgrarianUniversity. The complex contains butafosfan, vitamins, vitamin-like substances, selected on the basis of synergistic effect on the body. The parameters of acute toxicity of the SM-complex were explored in the experiment on clinically healthy adult white mice of both genders by a single injection of the solution in the maximum permissible dose according to GOST 31926-2013. Intolerance on the skin of animals was detected in line with GOST R ISO 10993.10-2009. GOST R ISO 10993.10-99 became a guideline for evaluating SM-complex intolerance on the eye conjunctiva. Chronic toxicity was investigated on non-linear rats; the rates were divided into 4 groups of 6. The first group became a control group, the second group received the SM-complex in a therapeutic dose (255mg/kg), the third group - in a 5 -fold therapeutic dose (1275mg/kg), the fourth group - in a 10-fold dose (2550mg/kg). Pharmacological substance was applied through the probe in the form of an aqueous solution for 30 days. The researchers found out that at single oral introduction of SM-complex in the maximum possible doses it does not affect mice organism and it is referred to the 4th class of danger according to GOST 12.1.007-76. Local application in the form of applications on the skin and mucous membranes of rabbits, the complex does not have a local irritant effect. Long-term application of pharmacological composition (30 days) in high doses causes functional and morphological changes of the liver in the form of gray foci and flabbiness, as well as it increases the volume of the organ. Due to the fact that the therapeutic doses are 5 and 10 times lower than the toxic ones and the period of application does not exceed 7-14 days, the authors make a conclusion that SM-complex is safe and secure and can be used in the recommended doses.
Folklore
and tradition in ethnomusicology
Authors: Cimardi Linda
Published: July 2019

The terms folklore and tradition (and the derived adjectives) in relation to music have been employed to define the subject of ethnomusicologists’ study. In this article, the meaning of these words is considered in their historical use in ethnomusicology and akin disciplines, as well as in the common sense in English, Italian and Croatian, trying to identify the main shared elements as well as the differences. While folklore is a word of foreign origin integrated in several languages, where it assumes diverse connotations also in terms of esthetical and moral value, the related adjective folk has local equivalents in Italian (popolare) and Croatian (narodni), which have been employed with reference to national musical expressions. Tradition is semantically partly overlapping with folklore, and in recent years the derived adjectives (tradicionalan, tradicijski) have been preferred in Croatian, while in Italian the word traditional (tradizionale) can be used to refer to non-European musics, and in general the locution musiche di tradizione orale is today favoured to define the subject of ethnomusicology. It appears that the national use of these words has marked their local understanding, as well as the related scholarship, and thus a reflection on the use of English in present academic and non-academic contexts is necessary.
Narrative as a term in narratology and music theory
Authors: Narančić Kovač Smiljana , Kovač Iva
Published: July 2019

The paper compares the term narrative as it is used by narratologists, and as it is used by music scholars, to establish whether these two disciplines use the term in the same way, or as two homonyms. Narratological studies in medium-specific models of narratives apply the term to different kinds of discourses, i.e. different media. Music theoreticians and musicologists consider its application in music scholarship with a theory of the musical narrative in view. This analysis shows that in the general theory of the narrative the concept includes both story and discourse, based on the referentiality of the discourse, which necessarily evokes a storyworld. Narratologists generally find music to be incapable of producing a narrative in this sense. Musicologists and theoreticians of music generally acknowledge the limitations of the referentiality of musical discourse, yet they often discover specific, usually abstract, narrative meanings there. Therefore, despite common starting points and principles, the two disciplines use the term narrative to denote two different concepts, which results in two homonymous terms.
On the terminology of electronic (dance) music
Authors: Jóri Anita
Published: July 2019

Due to rapid technological developments, the terminology of electronic (dance) music is constantly changing. This also causes challenges for the discourse community of electronic dance music in the use of different technical terms. This paper gives a general overview on the subject as it is a pioneer investigation of research. Firstly, it summarises the characteristics of the discourse community’s language use. Later, it highlights the different types of technical terms used by the terminology users. For this, tech terms of a web discussion forum are analysed in detail. The article also describes some of the challenges in using these technical terms by taking different examples from three languages: English, German, and Hungarian. Moreover, phenomena such as the lack of standardisation, norms, and music glossaries and the influences from other terminologies (e.g. classical music, informatics, mathematics, physics) are also included in the study. After presenting the most striking issues, the paper also proposes a possible practical solution to the phenomena in question: it outlines a plan for creating a wiki on the technical terms of electronic (dance) music.
SIKAP PETANI TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA TERHADAP PROGRAM KEMITRAAN PT. EXPORT LEAF INDONESIA DI PULAU LOMBOK
Authors: Juniarta Purnama Bagus , Hamidi Hirwan , Sjah Taslim
Published: July 2019

Budidaya komoditas tembakau memerlukan peran serta pengusaha besar (pemilik modal) untuk membantu mengembangkan usahatani petani kecil dalam bentuk kemitraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) mengkaji karakteristik faktor-faktor pembentuk sikap petani tembakau Virginia dalam program kemitraan dengan PT. Export Leaf Indonesia di Pulau Lombok; 2) mengkaji sikap petani tembakau Virginia terhadap program kemitraan PT. Export Leaf Indonesia; 3) mengkaji hubungan antara faktor-faktor pembentuk sikap petani dengan sikap petani tembakau Virginia terhadap program kemitraan PT. Export Leaf Indonesia. Penentuan sampel lokasi menggunakan metode multiple stage sampling yaitu Kabupaten Lombok Timur dan Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penentuan responden dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling. Jumlah petani sampel sebanyak 15 orang tiap desa terpilih sehingga seluruhnya 75 orang, yang merupakan mitra agribisnis tembakau Virginia PT. Export Leaf Indonesia (PT. ELI). Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan sistem kategori, teknik scoring skala Likert dan statistik nonparametrik uji korelasi Spearman (rs). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap petani tembakau terhadap tujuan dan manfaat kemitraan dalam program kemitraan PT. ELI tergolong dalam kategori baik. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara faktor pembentuk sikap dengan sikap petani tembakau terhadap program kemitraan PT. ELI.
“Então me classificavam como estranho”: entre narrativas na construção do estranho no corpo de professores gays
Authors: Rios Pedro Paulo Souza , Dias Alfrancio Ferreira
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir os modos de construção do “estranho”, no corpo e no discurso de professores gays, no semiárido baiano, tendo em vista os processos de construção de gênero e sexualidade, em suas trajetórias de vida, formação acadêmica e exercício profissional. Para tanto, desde uma metodologia qualitativa, centrada na análise de narrativas (auto)biográficas, perspectivamos as narrativas produzidas por seis professores gays egressos dos cursos de licenciatura da Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB, Campus VIII. O trabalho analítico realizado, recorrendo também à narrativa literária naturalista de Adolfo Caminha, em Bom-Crioulo, publicado em 1895, nos possibilitou inferir que os processos de produção do “estranho” agem sobre os corpos dos participantes da pesquisa desde a mais tenra idade, através de mecanismos de vigilância e punição em funcionamento, das distintas instituições reguladoras, dentre elas, a escola. Dessa forma, tornam-se salientes, nas narrativas, as estratégias de sobrevivência criadas por eles com vistas ao enfrentamento do modelo heteronormativo, estabelecido como norma única de vivência das sexualidades e das subjetividades de gênero, de modo a produzir, sob o signo do “estranho”, tudo o que, em alguma medida, desafia esse modelo.
Jovens gays na escola: masculinidades, infância e narrativas
Authors: Silva Juliane Costa , Pacheco Rios Jane Adriana Vasconcelos
Published: July 2019

O artigo apresenta histórias de escolarização de estudantes gays, especificamente, as marcas da infância e as questões das masculinidades vivenciadas nos espaços formativos da escola e da família. Trata-se de uma pesquisa narrativa, cuja opção metodológica inspirou-se nos estudos da História oral, utilizando as entrevistas narrativas como dispositivo de recolha das histórias de vida. Os entrevistados foram seis estudantes gays do ensino médio de uma escola pública estadual, situada no interior da Bahia. O estudo revelou que os jovens gays reconstroem suas histórias de escolarização, em um processo de investigação-formação de si, ampliando os modos como se perceberam na infância, a partir das relações construídas na família e fortalecidas nas relações interpessoais com os colegas da escola que, através de apelidos pejorativos e de exigências para atender a um padrão de masculinidade hegemônica, acabam violentando os corpos infantis gays.
Espetáculo LGBTIQ Sofia -35: autobiografia e questões de gênero dentro e fora da cena
Authors: Lopes Cleilson Queiroz
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo de pesquisa autobiográfica, ocupo o lugar de artista-pesquisador. Como principal objetivo, desejo analisar a criação dramatúrgica do espetáculo LGBTIQ Sofia -35, monólogo em que eu, enquanto ator e dramaturgo homossexual, me descontruo e reconstruo durante a peça, na tentativa de peceber como realidade e ficção se relacionam na construção da personagem Sofia. A partir das discussões contemporâneas sobre gênero, abordo questões como migração, saúde pública, educação e direitos da comunidade LGBTIQ. Utilizo a metodologia de livre expressão, amparada pela pesquisa bibliográfica e narrativas pessoais que fazem parte deste percurso, onde descrevo, analiso e reflito. Como resultado, percebi que a narrativa autobiográfica e LGBTIQ do espetáculo Sofia -35 consegue ajudar a desmontar os discursos dominantes heteronormativos através da arte, tensionando também a ilusão da realidade que coube ao espaço teatral até a primeira metade do século XX. As questões LGBTIQ, retratadas a partir da estética teatral autobiográfica, possibilitam ao espectador a reelaboração de realidades possíveis e mais justas, a partir do teatro.
Pedagogia da Casa: memória e diálogo de saberes – primeiras notas
Authors: Scudder Priscila de Oliveira Xavier
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo, tomamos as memórias, experiências cotidianas e saberes ancestrais, aprendidos no interior de casas chefiadas por mulheres negras, pobres e de periferia, como ponto de partida para o exercício de constituição de uma escrita e prática decolonial. Nosso intuito é, de par com a teoria da complexidade e da interseccionalidade, promover um diálogo de saberes que evidencie a existência de uma pedagogia potente no interior destas casas. A partir da construção de uma epistemologia da prática, de uma atividade auto/otobiográfica, consideramos e reconhecemos esta pedagogia como uma herança ancestral, como um campo de força capaz de assegurar a vida de grupos vulneráveis frente às políticas genocidas, mas também de inspirar práticas docentes.
Uma carta para mim mesma três anos atrás: um olhar para o PNAIC a partir das narrativas de professoras
Authors: Leandro Everaldo Gomes , Vasconcelos Lívia de Oliveira
Published: July 2019

O presente estudo, elaborado no formato de carta, tem como remetentes dois Educadores Matemáticos que participaram das ações do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), nos três primeiros anos do programa e que seguem interpretando essa experiência. Ao propor que as professoras escrevessem cartas endereçadas a elas mesmas no passado, três anos atrás, os narradores se questionam: “O que revelam as cartas produzidas por professoras em contexto de formação continuada?” Ao investigar o conteúdo dessas cartas, tem-se por objetivo refletir sobre as ações do PNAIC, a partir dos indícios encontrados nas narrativas das professoras. As cartas revelaram trajetória profissional caracterizada pela resiliência docente e evidenciaram que o PNAIC se constituiu em espaço de diálogo entre os pares, como uma oportunidade de manter-se em formação e como  disparador para mudanças na forma de alfabetizar as crianças.
Interface entre o saber técnico e o saber pedagógico: percepções na narrativa do professor
Authors: Barbosa de Sousa Maria Rita , Carvalho Moura Maria da Glória
Published: July 2019

O texto estrutura-se a partir das narrativas de professores com formação em Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, em efetivo exercício da docência, no Curso Técnico em Agropecuária, um dos cursos do Colégio investigado identificado com práticas exitosas. O objetivo é analisar os saberes técnico e pedagógico dos professores do Curso Técnico em Agropecuária visando à compreensão da prática docente exitosa na educação profissional. Metodologicamente, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso, tendo como principal instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista narrativa. Os dados empíricos foram organizados em categorias, com base em Bardin (2011), e analisados à luz da análise do discurso, segundo Orlandi (2012; 2015). Os resultados revelam que a prática docente exitosa, no contexto semântico da Educação Profissional, se desenvolve em espaço favorável com instrumentos diversificados, propiciando a interação teórico-prática e despertando o interesse e a participação dos estudantes. Conclui-se que a prática aliada à teoria contribui para a realização de atividades docentes exitosas e consequentemente para a permanência e a aprendizagem dos estudantes.
Politische Gesellschaftsgestaltung heute – sozial- und gesellschaftstheoretische Erwägungen angesichts von Transformationsvorhaben wie der „Energiewende“
Authors: Schimank Uwe
Published: July 2019

Großvorhaben politischer Gesellschaftsgestaltung wie die „Energiewende“ können Anlass für eine sehr grundsätzlich ansetzende sozial- und gesellschaftstheoretische Reflexion der Rolle des Staates in der Moderne sein. Auf dieser Linie werden für die Frage politischer Gesellschaftsgestaltung relevante Überlegungen aus der soziologischen Gesellschafts- und Sozialtheorie vorgestellt. Nach einer Erinnerung an die Nicht-Selbstverständlichkeit derart großangelegter politischer Gestaltungsambitionen werden mehrere einander überlagernde gravierende Limitationen politischer Gestaltbarkeit von Vorhaben dieses Maßstabs aufgeführt: Das Komplexitätsprofil des relevanten gesellschaftlichen Geschehens; die funktional differenzierte und kapitalistische Ordnung der modernen Gesellschaft; Legitimitätsbedarfe in demokratischen politischen Ordnungen; Nationalstaaten unter Globalisierungsdruck.
Altered Redox State in Whole Blood Cells from Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Martínez de Toda Irene , Miguélez Lara , Vida Carmen , Carro Eva , De la Fuente Mónica
Published: July 2019

Oxidative stress plays an essential and early role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Alterations in the redox state in AD and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients appear in the brain and at peripheral level. Given that it is easier to study the latter, most of the research has been focused on plasma. However, the analysis of redox parameters in whole blood cells (including erythrocytes and leukocytes) has not really been investigated. Moreover, the association of these parameters with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) clinical scores, has scarcely been studied. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to analyze several redox markers in whole blood cells from male and female MCI and AD patients. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reductase (GR) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration) together with oxidant parameters (oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)) were investigated using MCI and AD (10 women and 10 men in each group) and their age-matched control groups (15 women and 15 men). The results show an altered redox state in whole blood cells from AD patients (higher CAT, GSSG/GSH, TBARS and lower GPx, GR, GSH). Some of these redox parameters are already affected in MCI patients (higher TBARS and lower GPx and GR activities) in both sexes and, consequently, they could be used as markers of prodromal AD. Since GR, GSH, GSSG, and GSSG/GSH were found to be associated with MMSE scores, they seem to be useful clinically to monitor cognitive decline in AD progression.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β Subtypes in Confirmed Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Cases: A Pilot Study
Authors: Verwey Nicolaas A. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Hoozemans Jeroen J.M. , Rozemuller Annemieke J.M. , Scheltens Philip , Pijnenburg Yolande A.L.
Published: July 2019

To investigate amyloid-β (Aβ) in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD; N = 18 genetically and/or pathologically confirmed and N = 8 FTD with concomitant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) were compared with Alzheimer’s disease (AD; pathological or Pittsburgh-compound-B Positron-emission-tomography (PIB-PET) positive; N = 25) and controls (N = 24). For all the Aβ subtypes, group difference was seen and post-hoc analysis revealed lower levels in FTLD compared to controls ( p≤0.05). Aβ42/40 ratio showed no difference between FTLD and controls; however, a difference was seen between AD versus FTLD ( p < 0.01). This is an intriguing finding, suggesting a possible role of Aβ in FTLD pathogenesis.
Global Metabolic Shifts in Age and Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Brains Pivot at NAD+/NADH Redox Sites
Authors: Dong Yue , Brewer Gregory J.
Published: July 2019

Age and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) share some common features such as cognitive impairments, memory loss, metabolic disturbances, bioenergetic deficits, and inflammation. Yet little is known on how systematic shifts in metabolic networks depend on age and AD. In this work, we investigated the global metabolomic alterations in non-transgenic (NTg) and triple-transgenic (3xTg-AD) mouse brain hippocampus as a function of age by using untargeted Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS). We observed common metabolic patterns with aging in both NTg and 3xTg-AD brains involved in energy-generating pathways, fatty acids oxidation, glutamate, and sphingolipid metabolism. We found age-related downregulation of metabolites from reactions in glycolysis that consumed ATP and in the TCA cycle, especially at NAD+/NADH-dependent redox sites, where age- and AD-associated limitations in the free NADH may alter reactions. Conversely, metabolites increased in glycolytic reactions in which ATP is produced. With age, inputs to the TCA cycle were increased including fatty acid β-oxidation and glutamine. Overall age- and AD-related changes were > 2-fold when comparing the declines of upstream metabolites of NAD+/NADH-dependent reactions to the increases of downstream metabolites ( p = 10-5, n = 8 redox reactions). Inflammatory metabolites such as ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate also increased with age. Age-related decreases in glutamate, GABA, and sphingolipid were seen which worsened with AD genetic load in 3xTg-AD brains, possibly contributing to synaptic, learning- and memory-related deficits. The data support the novel hypothesis that age- and AD-associated metabolic shifts respond to NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H redox-dependent reactions, which may contribute to decreased energetic capacity.
Obstacles Faced by Latina Mothers of Children with Autism
Authors: Iland Emily D. , Weiner Ivor , Murawski Wendy W.
Published: July 2019

The CDC’s most recent autism prevalence estimates document the continued trend of higher prevalence among non-Hispanic white children compared to Hispanic children. The disproportionate underrepresentation of Latino children in the health, education and service systems is measurable, disadvantaging the child and family. This quantitative study identifies support needs and obstacles experienced by 96 Latina mothers of children with autism, active in Spanish-language parent groups in California. Study measures included the Family Needs Survey and the Caring for My Child Survey. To determine the significance of the results on the Family Needs Survey, an item-by-item chi-square analysis compared results to those of to a similar population from a different study that used the same measure. A high proportion of mothers reported substantial levels of unmet needs in their role as primary caregiver using the Family Needs Survey: all 35 survey items were unmet for at least 50% of mothers; 28 items were common needs. The level and number of unmet needs of mothers in the present study in areas such as social support and care services were significantly greater than the comparison group. On the Caring for My Child Survey, mothers identified multiple barriers personally encountered in obtaining assistance for their children including psychosocial, economic, political, and healthcare factors. Findings are relevant to improve access for Latinos in the health, education and service systems, and to establish a baseline for comparison.
Review of Body Mass Index Reduction Interventions among Mexican Origin Latinos and Latinas
Authors: Rivera Fernando I. , Burgos Giovani
Published: July 2019

Objectives: A literature review was conducted to identify factors associated with successful Body Mass Index (BMI) reduction interventions for Mexican origin US Hispanic/Latino populations. Data Source: An academic database search was conducted of peer-reviewed literature primarily in public health, medical anthropology, medical sociology, and biomedical databases. The key search words used were “Latino or Hispanic or Mexican”, in combination with “intervention”, “obesity”, “body mass index”, “weight reduction”, “best practices” and “lessons learned”. Inclusion Criteria: The inclusion criteria included an intervention protocol, with BMI measures, and a majority of participants identified as Mexican origin Hispanics. Search results yielded a total of 118 articles with 19 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: The review found that education and the use of culturally tailored/sensitive materials are important factors in BMI reduction. In addition, the study found that family centered and community based approaches are some of the most successful evidence based practices found in the Latino health literature. Conclusions: Obesity and its sequelae disproportionately impact both US and non-US Latino/ Hispanic communities and have life-long and intergenerational consequences. The findings from this review may serve as a guide to the development of more successful interventions and best practices to address the needs of Mexican origin Latino populations.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Hispanic Preschool Children in San Luis Obispo County, California
Authors: Jankovitz Kristine Z. , McGaughey Karen J. , Tom Kyla , Ravalin Dayna , McDermott Ann Yelmokas
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese (OW/OB) preschool children in San Luis Obispo County. Preschool children ages 3-5 years were measured for height and weight in 2006 (n = 482) and in 2009/10 combined (n = 559). The CDC BMI calculator for ages 2-20 was used to determine BMI classification. In 2006, 26.4% were OW/OB and by 2009/10, 34.8% were OW/OB. Rates were similar among boys and girls (p = 0.70) and increased significantly over time (p = 0.0070). Caucasian and Hispanic children had similar OW/OB rates in 2006, but by 2009/10 the Hispanic children were 2.7 times more likely to be obese (CI: 1.68, 4.57). Because Hispanic children were more likely to attend Head Start or California State preschools versus private preschools (78.0%, 81.0% and 7.4% respectively), it appears Head Start and California State preschools would be a likely place for interventions directed to meet the needs of Hispanic preschoolers, and may serve to reverse the trend in childhood obesity and address the disparity in weight status among Hispanic preschool aged children.
Process Evaluations for a Multisite Nutrition Education Program
Authors: Branscum Paul , Kaye Gail
Published: July 2019

Process evaluations are an often-overlooked component of evaluating health promotion interventions, but can be essential for interpreting program outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report the results of two types of process evaluations conducted for Food Fit, a nutrition education program implemented to 58 3rd through 5th grade children (67% Caucasian) in 5 YMCA after school programs. To evaluate program fidelity, a trained observer watched each lesson and recorded program adherence using a standardized checklist, outlining essential components of the intervention. Attendance was recorded by asking each child to complete a small task before and after each lesson. Results showed that program adherence was perfect in most cases and attendance rates varied, but were generally high. Attendance rates were not associated with improvement in nutrition behaviors. Implications and recommendations for future use of process evaluations are discussed.
Awareness of the Red Dress Symbol and Heart Disease among College Women
Authors: Anderson Sandra L. , Silliman Kathryn , Schneider Julie M.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of concern and knowledge about heart disease among college women and to explore the relationship between awareness of the Red Dress symbol and knowledge of risk factors for heart disease. Female college students (n = 475) completed a survey. While 63% believed they are informed about heart disease, only 43% identified heart disease as the leading cause of death in women. Breast cancer (36%) was listed as the one greatest health concern facing women, followed by heart disease (29%). Chi-square analysis revealed that a significantly greater proportion of participants familiar with the Red Dress symbol (n = 157) identified heart disease as the greatest health problem facing women and the leading cause of death of women than participants unfamiliar with the symbol (n = 318). Participants familiar with the symbol identified 0.4-0.5 more correct choices on two questions related to causes of and activities to prevent heart disease than women unfamiliar with the symbol. College women are a prime target for a Red Dress campaign due to their low level of awareness. Young women can reduce their risk of developing heart disease through prevention.
Reducing the Excess Burden of Cervical Cancer among Latinas
Authors: Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes , Murphy Sheila T. , Moran Meghan Bridgid , Cortessis Victoria K.
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Although deaths from cervical cancer are declining, Latinas are not benefiting equally in this decline. Incidence of invasive cervical cancer among Los Angeles’, California Latinas is much higher than among non-Latina Whites (14.7 versus 8.02 per 100,000). This paper examines cervical cancer screening among Latinas. Methods: Ninety-seven women of Mexican origin participated in 12 focus groups exploring barriers to screening. Saturation was reached. Results: All participants knew what a Pap test was and most knew its purpose. More acculturated participants understood the link between HPV and cervical cancer. More recent immigrants did not. There was confusion whether women who were not sexually active need to be screened. Most frequently mentioned barriers were lack of time and concern over missing work. Lower income and less acculturated women were less likely to be aware of free/lowcost clinics. Older and less acculturated participants held more fatalistic beliefs, were more embarrassed about getting a Pap test, were more fearful of being perceived as sexually promiscuous, and were more fearful of receiving disapproval from their husbands. Conclusions: Latinas are informed regarding cervical cancer screening; rather they encounter barriers such as a lack of time, money and support. Health promotion interventions can be enhanced via peer-to-peer education, by addressing barriers to cervical cancer screening with in-language, culturally tailored interventions, and working with clinics on systemic changes, such as extended clinic hours.
Mr. & Mrs
Authors: Michel Kacy L. , Goodson Patricia , Pruitt B.E.
Published: July 2019

Recent literature has demonstrated the power of marriage in influencing spousal physical activity behavior, yet the relationship between marriage and activity is not fully understood. The purpose of this qualitative study was to add to current literature by examining the mechanisms within the marital context that may influence physical activity. Employing constructs of Social Cognitive Theory to guide the inquiry, researchers used the qualitative techniques of in-depth interviews, photo elicitation and field notes to gather data in 2012 from twelve spousal pairs (n=24 participants). Results indicated verbal persuasion by husbands encouraged wives, yet verbal persuasion by wives was perceived as nagging by men. Verbal persuasion by husbands increased a few of wives’ sense of self-efficacy (25%), yet the majority of women (83%) felt that persuasion increased motivation, not necessarily confidence. Results also highlighted the power of modeling to increase husbands’ physical activity. Overwhelmingly, men reacted less positively to verbal persuasion than modeling (75%). This study demonstrated the utility of Social Cognitive Theory in advancing our understanding of spousal physical activity and underscored the need for health professionals to consider the marital dyad when designing health interventions.
Corner Store Inventories, Purchases, and Strategies for Intervention
Authors: Langellier Brent A , Garza Jeremiah R. , Prelip Michael L. , Glik Deborah , Brookmeyer Ron , Ortega Alexander N.
Published: July 2019

Introduction: An increasingly popular strategy to improve the food retail environment and promote healthy eating in low-income and minority communities is the corner store conversion. This approach involves partnering with small ‘corner’ food stores to expand access to high-quality fruits, vegetables, and other healthy foods. Methods: We conducted a structured review of the literature to assess inventories and sales in corner stores, as well as to identify intervention strategies employed by corner store conversions. Results: Our review returned eight descriptive studies that discussed corner store inventories and sales, as well as ten intervention studies discussing six unique corner store conversion interventions in the United States, the Marshall Islands, and Canada. Common intervention strategies included: 1) partnering with an existing store, 2) stocking healthy foods, and 3) social marketing and nutrition education. We summarize each strategy and review the effectiveness of overall corner store conversions at changing peoples’ food purchasing, preparation, and consumption behaviors. Conclusions: Consumption of fresh, healthy, affordable foods could be improved by supporting existing retailers to expand their selection of healthy foods and promoting healthy eating at the neighborhood level. Additional corner store conversions should be conducted to determine the effectiveness and importance of specific intervention strategies.
Utilizing Bodily Knowledge in Patients with Chronic Illness in the Promotion of their Health
Authors: Heggdal Kristin
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Research findings indicate that people diagnosed with chronic illness possess resources and strategies for health that are not fully recognized and utilized. These resources have been described as patients’ embodied knowledge of health and illness. The notion of embodiment as an essential part for health is a relatively new idea in modern Western society and is poorly theorized in models for health promotion. This study explored patterns of patients` experiences/bodily knowledge and actions that contribute to well-being and health in chronic illness. This study is the first to examine Bodyknowledging, which is a process that describes the utilization of bodily knowledge to engage in health-related change. Methods: Grounded theory methodology informed data collection and analysis. In-depth interviews were conducted with 56 men and women who were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel disease or stroke. Results: Participants` main concerns were the uncertainty, hindrances and limitations of life space introduced by illness. Bodyknowledging, revealed patients` embodied knowledge of coping and health as a powerful resource for successful disease management, prevention of relapses and promotion of health. Conclusion: The findings illuminate the importance of attending to personal resources and relational aspects of health, and it adds to the empirical and theoretical basis for utilizing peoples’ embodied knowledge in health promotion.
Variations in Weight Control Behaviors and Body Image Dissatisfaction Among Preadolescents in a Low-Income Community in Fresno, California
Authors: Herzig Lisa , Hammons Amber , Matson Shelly
Published: July 2019

Purpose: This study sought to determine whether healthy, overweight, and obese preadolescents living in low-income neighborhoods differ in regards to body image and weight control behaviors. It is critical to identify early precursors to body image issues so that optimal prevention programs can be implemented. Subjects: The sample consisted of 64 preadolescents ages 8 to13 years, including 29 male (45%) and 35 female (55%) fourth, fifth, and sixth graders living in low-income neighborhoods in Fresno, California. Measures: (a) Height and weight were measured to calculate BMI-for-age (kg/m2 ), and (b) the CDC 13- question Body Image Survey was administered. Analysis: ANOVA was used to compare differences in body image and weight control behaviors by weight category (healthy, overweight, obese).Results: The obese group reported more body image dissatisfaction than did the healthy and overweight groups. Obese preadolescents were less happy with their body image and dieted more than healthy weight preadolescents. Overweight preadolescents were more similar in behaviors to healthy weight preadolescents than obese preadolescents. Conclusions: Low self-esteem related to weight may be exacerbated in the adolescent years when new pressures and challenges emerge. Targeting preadolescent overweight and obese individuals with body image issues may be useful in ameliorating some of the problems that are magnified in adolescence, such as dieting and eating disorders.
Initiation of Sexual Intercourse and Safe Sex Practices
Authors: Chambers Brittany D. , Capitman John A. , Bengiamin Marlene
Published: July 2019

Purpose and Background: This study aimed to (1) identify predictors of initiation of sexual intercourse before program implementation, and (2) assess the one-year impact of Reducing the Risk (RTR) on the delay of sexual intercourse initiation and safe sex practices among a predominantly Latino sample of 9th graders in Tulare County. RTR is an evidence-based program designed to delay initiation of adolescent sexual intercourse, and increase safe practices among those who are already sexually active. The program was implemented in Tulare County; whose average teen birth rate for 2009-2011 was 60.2 per 1,000 teens aged 15-19. Methods: Baseline and one-year follow-up data were collected on 390 students, beginning in their 9th grade year (53% female, 72.2% Latino/Hispanic). Students participated in a school-based pregnancy prevention program (RTR) and answered questions on HIV/STIs knowledge, attitudes about abstinence and teen pregnancy, parent communication, sexual intercourse, and safe sex practices. Results: Over one in eight students were sexually active at baseline. Overall, students reported long-term increases in HIV/STI knowledge and parent communication, decreases in intentions to have sexual intercourse and positive attitudes about teen pregnancy. Controlling for baseline differences, sexually active students reported fewer positive attitudes about abstinence. Conclusion: RTR may be more effective in preventing pregnancy and HIV/STIs among students who are not yet sexually active. Further, RTR does appear to successfully impact students who have already initiated sexual intercourse decisions to practice safe sex; however, not to become abstinent.