bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Olive Cultivars Susceptible or Tolerant to Xylella fastidiosa Subsp. pauca Exhibit Mid-Term Different Metabolomes upon Natural Infection or a Curative Treatment
Authors: Girelli Chiara Roberta , Del Coco Laura , Angilè Federica , Scortichini Marco , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo
Published: April 2021

Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, is a bacterial phytopathogen associated with the “olive quick decline syndrome” (OQDS) causing severe economic losses to olive groves in Salento area (Apulia, Italy). In a previous work, we analyzed by 1H-NMR the metabolic pattern of naturally infected Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò susceptible cultivars untreated and treated with a zinc-copper citric acid biocomplex and we observed the treatment related variation of the disease biomarker quinic acid. In this study, we focused also on the Leccino cultivar, known to exhibit tolerance to the disease progression. The 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach was applied with the aim to characterize the overall metabolism of tolerant Leccino in comparison with the susceptible cultivars Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò under periodic mid-term treatment. In particular, we studied the leaf extract molecular patterns of naturally infected trees untreated and treated with the biocomplex. The metabolic Leccino profiles were analyzed for the first time and compared with those exhibited by the susceptible Cellina di Nardò and Ogliarola salentina cultivars. The study highlighted a specificity in the metabolic response of the tolerant Leccino compared to susceptible cultivars. These differences provide useful information to describe the defensive mechanisms underlying the change of metabolites as a response to the infection, and the occurrence of different levels of disease, season and treatment effects for olive cultivars.
Conservation of Micromeria browiczii (Lamiaceae), Endemic to Zakynthos Island (Ionian Islands, Greece)
Authors: Valli Anna-Thalassini , Chondrogiannis Christos , Grammatikopoulos George , Iatrou Gregoris , Trigas Panayiotis
Published: April 2021

The massive decline in biodiversity due to anthropogenic threats has led to the emergence of conservation as one of the central goals in modern biology. Conservation strategies are urgently needed for addressing the ongoing loss of plant diversity. The Mediterranean basin, and especially the Mediterranean islands, host numerous rare and threatened plants in need of urgent conservation actions. In this study, we assess the current conservation status of Micromeria browiczii, a local endemic to Zakynthos Island (Ionian Islands, Greece), and estimate its future risk of extinction by compiling and assessing scientific information on geographical distribution, population dynamics and reproductive biology. The population size and the geographical distribution of the species were monitored for five years. The current population of the species consists of 15 subpopulations. Considerable annual fluctuation of population size was detected. The species is assessed as Endangered according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature threat categories. According to population viability analysis results, its extinction risk was estimated to be 5.6% over the next 50 years, when six of the fifteen subpopulations (40%) might become extinct. The investigation of certain aspects of the species’ biology yielded important data necessary to identify critical aspects for its survival and to propose conservation measures.
Combination of Computational Techniques to Obtain High-Quality Gelatin-Base Gels from Chicken Feet
Authors: Santana José C. C. , Almeida Poliana F. , Costa Nykael , Vasconcelos Isabella , Guerhardt Flavio , Boukouvalas Dimitria T. , Alves Wonder A. L. , Mendoza Pedro C. , Gamarra Felix M. C. , Llanos Segundo A. V. , Araujo Sidnei A. , Quispe Ada P. B. , Vanalle Rosangela M. , Berssaneti Fernando T.
Published: April 2021

With the increasing global population, it has become necessary to explore new alternative food sources to meet the increasing demand. However, these alternatives sources should not only be nutritive and suitable for large scale production at low cost, but also present good sensory characteristics. Therefore, this situation has influenced some industries to develop new food sources with competitive advantages, which require continuous innovation by generating and utilising new technologies and tools to create opportunities for new products, services, and industrial processes. Thus, this study aimed to optimise the production of gelatin-base gels from chicken feet by response surface methodology (RSM) and facilitate its sensorial classification by Kohonen’s self-organising maps (SOM). Herein, a 22 experimental design was developed by varying sugar and powdered collagen contents to obtain grape flavoured gelatin from chicken feet. The colour, flavour, aroma, and texture attributes of gelatines were evaluated by consumers according to a hedonic scale of 1–9 points. Least squares method was used to develop models relating the gelatin attributes with the sugar content and collagen mass, and their sensorial qualities were analysed and classified using the SOM algorithm. Results showed that all gelatin samples had an average above six hedonic points, implying that they had good consumer acceptance and can be marketed. Furthermore, gelatin D, with 3.65–3.80% (w/w) powdered collagen and 26.5–28.6% (w/w) sugar, was determined as the best. Thus, the SOM algorithm proved to be a useful computational tool for comparing sensory samples and identifying the best gelatin product.
Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Impact Behavior of Epoxy/Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ricciardi Maria Rosaria , Papa Ilaria , Coppola Giuseppe , Lopresto Valentina , Sansone Lucia , Antonucci Vincenza
Published: April 2021

Hydrophobic surfaces are highly desired for several applications due to their exceptional properties such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-friction and others. Such surfaces can be prepared via numerous methods including plasma technology, a dry technique with low environmental impact. In this paper, the effect of a one-step sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) plasma treatment upon the low velocity impact behavior of basalt/epoxy composites has been investigated by using several characterization techniques. A capacitive coupled radiofrequency plasma system was used for the plasma surface treatment of basalt/epoxy composites, and suitable surface treatment conditions were experimentally investigated with respect to gas flow rate, chamber pressure, power intensity, and surface treatment time by measuring the water droplet contact angle of treated specimens. The contact angle measurements showed that treating with SF6 plasma would increase the hydrophobicity of basalt/epoxy composites; moreover, the impact results obtained on reinforced epoxy basalt fiber showed damage in a confined area and higher impact resistance for plasma-treated basalt systems.
Preparation and Characterization of New Sol–Gel Hybrid Inulin–TEOS Adsorbent
Authors: Mohd Yusop Hartina , Mohd Ismail Annur Isma Husna , Wan Ismail Wan Norfazilah
Published: April 2021

A new biopolymer–silica hybrid material consisting of inulin and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) for use as an adsorbent was successfully synthesized via the sol–gel method in acidic conditions. The hydrolysis and condensation processes were attained in water/ethanol solution. Three molar ratios of inulin:TEOS (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) were prepared and dried at various temperatures (50, 60, and 70 °C). The optimized molar ratio of 2:1 with a drying temperature of 70 °C was found to obtain the best morphology and characteristics for absorbent properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed a strong interaction between inulin and TEOS, which was also observed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed the presence of nanoparticles on the rough surface of the hybrid sol–gel. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis showed the amorphous state of the silica network where the inulin existed as an anhydrous crystalline phase. Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) analysis confirmed that the composite was mesoporous, with 17.69 m2/g surface area and 34.06 Å pore size. According to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results, the hybrid inulin-TEOS adsorbent was thermally stable under a temperature of 200 °C.
Fungal Chitosan-Derived Biomaterials Modified with Kalanchoe pinnata as Potential Hemostatic Agents—Development and Characterization
Authors: Radwan-Pragłowska Julia , Janus Łukasz , Piątkowski Marek , Sierakowska Aleksandra , Galek Tomasz , Szajna Ernest , Bogdał Dariusz , Tupaj Mirosław
Published: April 2021

Massive blood loss is still a great challenge for modern medicine. To stop the hemorrhage during the surgery or after injury apart from suturing or electrocoagulation, the most efficient method of hemostasis restoration is the use of hemostatic agents. Although there are numerous products on the market, there is still a need for biomaterials that are capable of fast and efficient bleeding management without affecting wound closure or embolism. Chitosan is known for its hemostatic activity; however, its quite poor mechanical properties and heterogenous chemical composition still needs some improvements to become superior compared to biological adhesives. The following study deals with the preparation and evaluation of chitosan-derived natural biomaterials containing Kalanchoe pinnata extract with the potential application as a blood-clotting agent. The materials were obtained under microwave-assisted conditions in two different forms (granules/dressing), whose chemical structure and morphology were studied. Their antioxidant properties have been proven. The chitosan-derived hemostatic agents exhibited superior blood sorption abilities and lack of cytotoxicity to L929 mouse fibroblasts. The study also showed the differences in biological properties depending on their preparation method. The potential mechanism of action was proposed as well as their potential in hemostasis revival.
Interlayer Bonding Capability of Additively Manufactured Polymer Structures under High Strain Rate Tensile and Shear Loading
Authors: Striemann Patrick , Gerdes Lars , Huelsbusch Daniel , Niedermeier Michael , Walther Frank
Published: April 2021

Additive manufacturing of polymers via material extrusion and its future applications are gaining interest. Supporting the evolution from prototype to serial applications, additional testing conditions are needed. The additively manufactured and anisotropic polymers often show a weak point in the interlayer contact area in the manufacturing direction. Different process parameters, such as layer height, play a key role for generating the interlayer contact area. Since the manufacturing productivity depends on the layer height as well, a special focus is placed on this process parameter. A small layer height has the objective of achieving better material performance, whereas a larger layer height is characterized by better economy. Therefore, the capability- and economy-oriented variation was investigated for strain rates between 2.5 and 250 s−1 under tensile and shear load conditions. The test series with dynamic loadings were designed monitoring future applications. The interlayer tensile tests were performed with a special specimen geometry, which enables a correction of the force measurement. By using a small specimen geometry with a force measurement directly on the specimen, the influence of travelling stress waves, which occur due to the impact at high strain rates, is reduced. The interlayer tensile tests indicate a strain rate dependency of additively manufactured polymers. The capability-oriented variation achieves a higher ultimate tensile and shear strength compared to the economy-oriented variation. The external and internal quality assessment indicates an increasing primary surface profile and void volume content for increasing the layer height.
Effect of Cryoconcentration Assisted by Centrifugation-Filtration on Bioactive Compounds and Microbiological Quality of Aqueous Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) and Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) Extracts Pretreated with High-Pressure Homogenization
Authors: Vidal-San Martín Carla , Bastías-Montes José Miguel , Villagra-Jorquera Constanza , Salinas-Huenchulao Gheldred , Flores-Ríos Abigail , Gonzáles-Díaz Natalia , Tamarit-Pino Yanara , Muñoz-Fariña Ociel , Quevedo-León Roberto
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryoconcentration assisted by centrifugation-filtration on the bioactive compounds and the microbiological quality of aqueous maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) and calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) extracts pretreated with high-pressure homogenization (HPH). Aqueous extracts were prepared from fresh fruits which were treated with HPH (predefined pressure and number of passes). The best pretreatment was determined by aerobic mesophilic, fungal, and yeast counts. Treated extracts were frozen at −30 °C in special tubes and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min to obtain the cryoconcentrated product. The optimal pretreatment conditions for HPH were 200 MPa and one pass in which the extracts exhibited no microorganism counts. Cryoconcentration by freezing and subsequent centrifugation-filtration in a single cycle showed high process efficiency (>95%) in both soluble solids and bioactive compounds (total polyphenols and anthocyanins) and antioxidant capacity of the fresh fruits and extracts. The HPH treatment and subsequent cryoconcentration assisted by centrifugation-filtration is an efficient technology to obtain concentrates with good microbiological quality and a high content of bioactive compounds.
Volatiles from Selected Apiaceae Species Cultivated in Poland—Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Widelski Jaroslaw , Graikou Konstantia , Ganos Christos , Skalicka-Wozniak Krystyna , Chinou Ioanna
Published: April 2021

As part of our ongoing research on phytoconstituents that can act as promising antimicrobial agents, the essential oils of nine selected Apiaceae plants, cultivated in Poland, were studied. The volatiles of the aerial parts with fruits (herba cum fructi) of Silaum silaus, Seseli devenyense, Seseli libanotis,Ferula assa-foetida, Glehnia littoralis and Heracleum dulce, in addition to the fruits (fructi) of Torilis japonica and Orlaya grandiflora as well as of the aerial parts (herba) of Peucedanum luxurians were investigated through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry to identify more than 60 different metabolites. The essential oils from S. devenyense, H. dulce, T. japonica and P. luxurians are reported for the first time. All examined species were also assayed for their antimicrobial activities against several human pathogenic Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and fungi. The species H. dulce, S. devenyense and S. libanotis exerted the strongest antimicrobial activity, mostly against Gram-positive bacteria strains (MIC values 0.90–1.20 mg/mL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to determine the antimicrobial activity of the above Apiaceae species.
Bayesian Mixture Modelling for Mortality Projection
Authors: Li Jackie , Kogure Atsuyuki
Published: April 2021

Although a large number of mortality projection models have been proposed in the literature, relatively little attention has been paid to a formal assessment of the effect of model uncertainty. In this paper, we construct a Bayesian framework for embedding more than one mortality projection model and utilise the finite mixture model concept to allow for the blending of model structures. Under this framework, the varying features of different model structures can be exploited jointly and coherently to have a more detailed description of the underlying mortality patterns. We show that the proposed Bayesian approach performs well in fitting and forecasting Japanese mortality.
Nonparametric Estimation of Extreme Quantiles with an Application to Longevity Risk
Authors: Bolancé Catalina , Guillen Montserrat
Published: April 2021

A new method to estimate longevity risk based on the kernel estimation of the extreme quantiles of truncated age-at-death distributions is proposed. Its theoretical properties are presented and a simulation study is reported. The flexible yet accurate estimation of extreme quantiles of age-at-death conditional on having survived a certain age is fundamental for evaluating the risk of lifetime insurance. Our proposal combines a parametric distributions with nonparametric sample information, leading to obtain an asymptotic unbiased estimator of extreme quantiles for alternative distributions with different right tail shape, i.e., heavy tail or exponential tail. A method for estimating the longevity risk of a continuous temporary annuity is also shown. We illustrate our proposal with an application to the official age-at-death statistics of the population in Spain.
Research of Fluorescent Properties of a New Type of Phosphor with Mn2+-Doped Ca2SiO4
Authors: Fan Xiaozhou , Zhang Wenqi , Lü Fangcheng , Sui Yueyi , Wang Jiaxue , Xu Ziqiang
Published: April 2021

Fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensors have attracted extensive attention due to their strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, good high-voltage insulation performance, and fast response speed. The fluorescent material of the sensor probe directly determines the temperature measurement effect. In this paper, a new type of fluorescent material with a Mn2+-doped Ca2SiO4 phosphor (CSO:Mn2+) is synthesized via the solid-state reaction method at 1450 °C. The X-ray diffraction spectrum shows that the sintered sample has a pure phase structure, although the diffraction peaks show a slight shift when dopants are added. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence intensity and lifetime in the range from 290 to 450 K is explored with the help of a fluorescence spectrometer. Green emission bands peaking at 475 and 550 nm from Mn2+ are observed in the fluorescence spectra, and the intensity of emitted light decreases as the temperature rises. The average lifetime of CSO:Mn2+ is 17 ms, which is much higher than the commonly used fluorescent materials on the market. The fluorescence lifetime decreases with increasing temperature and shows a good linear relationship within a certain temperature range. The research results are of great significance to the development of a new generation of fluorescence sensors.
Post–Chikungunya Virus Infection Musculoskeletal Disorders: Syndromic Sequelae after an Outbreak
Authors: Imad Hisham A. , Matsee Wasin , Kludkleeb Sajikapon , Asawapaithulsert Punyisa , Phadungsombat Juthamas , Nakayama Emi E. , Suzuki Keita , Leaungwutiwong Pornsawan , Piyaphanee Watcharapong , Phumratanaprapin Weerapong , Shioda Tatsuo
Published: April 2021

The Chikungunya virus is a re-emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus. Outbreaks are unpredictable and explosive in nature. Fever, arthralgia, and rash are common symptoms during the acute phase. Diagnostic tests are required to differentiate chikungunya virus from other co-circulating arboviruses, as symptoms can overlap, causing a dilemma for clinicians. Arthritis is observed during the sub-acute and chronic phases, which can flare up, resulting in increased morbidity that adversely affects the activities of daily living. During the 2019 chikungunya epidemic in Thailand, cases surged in Bangkok in the last quarter of the year. Here, we demonstrate the chronic sequelae of post-chikungunya arthritis in one of our patients one year after the initial infection. An inflammatory process involving edema, erythema, and tenderness to palpation of her fingers’ flexor surfaces was observed, with positive chikungunya IgG and negative IgM tests and antigen. The condition produced stiffness in the patient’s fingers and limited their range of motion, adversely affecting daily living activities. Resolution of symptoms was observed with a short course of an anti-inflammatory agent. More research is required to determine whether sanctuaries enable chikungunya virus to evade the host immune response and remain latent, flaring up months later and triggering an inflammatory response that causes post-chikungunya arthritis.
A Simplified SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus Neutralization Assay
Authors: Donofrio Gaetano , Franceschi Valentina , Macchi Francesca , Russo Luca , Rocci Anna , Marchica Valentina , Costa Federica , Giuliani Nicola , Ferrari Carlo , Missale Gabriele
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic caused by the highly infectious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that is engaging worldwide scientific research to find a timely and effective eradication strategy. Great efforts have been put into anti-COVID-19 vaccine generation in an effort to protect the world population and block SARS-CoV-2 spread. To validate the protective efficacy of the vaccination campaign and effectively control the pandemic, it is necessary to quantify the induction of neutralizing antibodies by vaccination, as they have been established to be a correlate of protection. In this work, a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay, based on a replication-incompetent lentivirus expressing an adapted form of CoV-2 S protein and an ACE2/TMPRSS2 stably expressing cell line, has been minimized in terms of protocol steps without loss of accuracy. The goal of the present simplified neutralization system is to improve SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign by means of an easy and accessible approach to be performed in any medical laboratory, maintaining the sensitivity and quantitative reliability of classical serum neutralization assays. Further, this assay can be easily adapted to different coronavirus variants by simply modifying the pseudotyping vector.
Methods, Protocols, Guidance and Standards for Performance Evaluation for Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technologies: History, Current Status, Future Needs and Directions
Authors: Bailey Emily , Beetsch Nikki , Wait Douglas , Oza Hemali , Ronnie Nirmala , Sobsey Mark
Published: April 2021

It is estimated that 780 million people do not have access to improved drinking water sources and approximately 2 billion people use fecally contaminated drinking water. Effective point-of-use water treatment systems (POU) can provide water with sufficiently reduced concentrations of pathogenic enteric microorganisms to not pose significant health risks to consumers. Household water treatment (HWT) systems utilize various technologies that physically remove and/or inactivate pathogens. A limited number of governmental and other institutional entities have developed testing protocols to evaluate the performance of POU water treatment systems. Such testing protocols are essential to documenting effective performance because inferior and ineffective POU treatment technologies are thought to be in widespread use. This critical review examines specific practices, procedures and specification of widely available POU system evaluation protocols. Testing protocols should provide standardized and detailed instructions yet be sufficiently flexible to deal with different treatment technologies, test microbe priorities and choices, testing facility capabilities and public health needs. Appropriate infectivity or culture assays should be used to quantify test enteric bacteria, viruses and protozoan parasites, or other appropriate surrogates or substitutes for them, although processes based on physical removal can be tested by methods that detect microbes as particles. Recommendations include further research of stock microbe production and handling methods to consistently yield test microbes in a realistic state of aggregation and, in the case of bacteria, appropriately physiologically stressed. Bacterial quantification methods should address the phenomenon of bacterial injury and repair in order to maximally recover those that are culturable and potentially infectious. It is only with harmonized national and international testing protocols and performance targets that independent and unbiased testing can be done to assure consumers that POU treatment technologies are able to produce water of high microbial quality and low health risk.
Analysis of the condition of solid tissues of teeth and the level of dental care provided to children with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Skakodub A. A. , Admakin O. I. , Mamedov Ad. A. , Nikulin P. A. , Vatyan A. S.
Published: April 2021

Relevance. Rheumatic diseases strongly influence the condition of the oral cavity, salivary glands and the temporomandibular joint, that, along with poor oral hygiene in children and active growth, increases the risk of oral disease development. The growing number of rheumatic diseases in children requires evaluation of the oral cavity condition and assessment of the provided dental services; enhancement of the professional oral care in children with rheumatic diseases through the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the performed dental procedures and development of caries prevention measures based on the analysis of the epidemiological survey results.Materials and methods. 316 children with rheumatic pathology aged 1 to 18 years were examined. The children were divided into three age groups: group I – 1-5 years, group II – 6-12 years, group III – 13-17 years. The Oral hygiene and past dental experience questionnaire was developed for each group. Hard dental tissue condition and caries intensity level (df – in group I, df+DMF – in group II, DMF – in group III) were assessed, the oral hygiene index was calculated by the child age. On dental examination, past caries treatment and its complications were considered, the level of dental care (LDC) according to Leus was assessed.Results. The received data on caries intensity in all age groups and all medical conditions were analyzed. The values corresponded to the high and very high intensity (4.2 to 13); the values were 1.89 – 3 times higher than the values received during the epidemiological survey in children of the same age groups in Russia. Multiple primary and secondary (as a complication after the previous dental treatment) caries, associated with poor oral hygiene, was detected. The data revealed that the dental care level in children with rheumatic diseases was ‘poor’ and ‘insufficient’ The interview of the children and their parents showed that 91% of children had never had preventive treatment and 89% of children visited the dentist less than twice a year. The examination revealed that secondary caries, that had developed in 50% of children after the treatment of caries and its complications, and bad fillings, that had to be replaced.Conclusions. Thus, indirect influence of the main disease on the hard dental tissues in children was revealed – motivation for dental treatment and good oral hygiene was decreased for the lack of knowledge. The analysis of dental treatment quality in such children was insufficient. Only emergency dental visits as well as inappropriate materials and methods used for the treatment of caries and its complications result in secondary caries. So, customized treatment approach and prevention programs should be developed and introduced for the oral care in children with rheumatic diseases according to the main disease course, administered background therapy and the level of dental health education.
The impact of the primary canine premature extraction on the sagittal, vertical and transversal dimensions of the bone tissue
Authors: Mamedov Ad. A. , Timoshenko T. V. , Gutnikova T. S.
Published: April 2021

Relevance. The article studies the primary canine premature extraction as the cause of three-dimensional (sagittal, transversal, vertical) bone underdevelopment in the area of the extracted tooth. The research is relevant as there are insufficient data in the scientific literature on this topic and the prevalence of premature primary canine extraction for therapeutic and orthodontic indications is high.Materials and methods. The present case study developed a special technique for bone volume measurement in all planes by CBCT.Results. Several CBCTs of one patient over the period of three years were analyzed according to the suggested technique. The calculations demonstrated significant sagittal and vertical bone loss.Conclusions. The results of the research allowed us to conclude that premature extraction of the primary canines leads to the significant sagittal and vertical bone loss. Besides, no increase in the intercanine distance was detected despite the patient’s growth spurt.
Maxillary sagittal expansion in an adult patient
Authors: Yakoub D. J. , Admakin O. I. , Solop I. A. , Startceva I. V.
Published: April 2021

Relevance. Skeletal Class III malocclusion is known to be one of the most difficult malocclusions to correct. Nonsurgical treatment of Class III in adults is a challenge; however, this patient refused surgery. A treatment method with Fixed Anterior Growth Guidance Appliance (FAGGA) was investigated in the study.Materials and methods. This case report presents a 37-year-old woman with skeletal Class III malocclusion for maxillary deficiency. As the patient didn’t agree to surgery, she was treated by Fixed Anterior Growth Guidance Appliance, followed by 3D SMILE® clear aligners. Fixed Anterior Growth Guidance Appliance was used initially. After 4 months, the appliance was removed and clear aligner treatment was initiated. Post-treatment radiographs showed improvement.Results. Intraorally, in the upper arch, a total of 4.00 mm of space were gained (about 2.00mm distal to each canine). The post-treatment cephalometric analysis showed a skeletal A-P Class I, the Upper incisor inclination to the optic plane was not significantly altered, ANS — antArc was improved by 1.5mm, the Effective Length of the Premaxilla increased by 2.6mm, U1 — ANS’ decreased by 1.7mm, Incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA) autonomously improved by 11 degrees.Conclusions. Maxillary deficiency was corrected successfully with the Fixed Anterior Growth Guidance Appliance. The treatment is being continued by 3D SMILE® clear aligners. The goal was achieved despite the patient’s age and nonsurgical treatment.
Treatment of a child with venolymphatic malformation of the tongue
Authors: Yamatina S. V. , Petukhov A. V. , Komelyagin D. Y. , Topolnitsky O. Z.
Published: April 2021

Relevance. Lymphatic and venolymphatic malformations account for 6-18% of benign lesions in children. In most cases, the head and neck regions are affected, with 50% of intraoral lesions occurring in the tongue. Venolymphatic malformation of the tongue leads to severe functional problems, even life-threatening, to serious esthetic defects and social maladjustment. Diagnosis and treatment of this patient population is a difficult and unsolved problem in pediatric maxillofacial surgery since there is no common algorithm for managing such patients. Purpose – optimization and improvement of the rehabilitation’s effectiveness of children with lymphatic and venolymphatic malformations of the tongue by creating a clear algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of this patients’ group.Materials and methods. A child aged 1 year and 5 months was treated for venolymphatic malformation of the tongue, macroglossia. In addition to general clinical examination methods, the mandatory diagnostic methods were ultrasonography of pathological tissues, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and CT (computed tomography) of the head and neck with intravenous administration of a contrast agent, fibrolaryngoscopy. The child was operated on in two stages: the first stage was a refined resection of the tongue followed by its plastic surgery with the local tissues, the second stage was the removal of the superficial malformation of the tongue using a semiconductor laser LSPIRE-Polyus (ЛСП-«ИРЭ-Полюс»). The surgery was performed under the general anaesthesia. A histopathological examination of the specimen was performed to clarify the diagnosis.Results. The outcome of the treatment was good: functional and esthetic problems were solved, the child became socially adapted. There were no complications during the intra- and postoperative periods. The method of removing the superficial form of venolymphatic malformation of the tongue using a semiconductor laser has once again demonstrated its effectiveness (patent for invention No. 2676832).Conclusions. When examining such children, it is necessary to adhere to a specific diagnostic plan. The treatment of this patients’ group is interdisciplinary and comprehensive, with the obligatory adherence to a clear treatment algorithm, which allows achieving good functional and esthetic outcome. The advantages of laser treatment of the superficial form of venolymphatic malformation of the tongue are the reduction in the risk of recurrence due to the complete and immediate removal of pathological tissues; decrease of the invasiveness of the operation for the precise action of the laser radiation, as well as the simultaneous coagulating effect of laser radiation; improving the functional and esthetic outcome of treatment; reducing the cost of treatment for this group of patients by decreasing the period of the hospital stay.
La peste noire (1348), entre Histoire et biologie moléculaire
Authors: Toubert Pierre
Published: April 2021

Les recherches sur la Peste Noire de 1348-1350 et ses différents aspects d’ordre médical, démographique, social et culturel ont fait des progrès considérables depuis l’ample synthèse – d’ailleurs excellente en son temps – du Docteur Jean-Noël Biraben (2 vol., 1975-1976). Ce sont désormais les très remarquables travaux de O. J. Benedictow (2006-2010) qui peuvent être à juste titre qualifiés de «complete History » de la Peste Noire. Au moment même cependant où paraissait la somme de Benedictow, les progrès extraordinaires de la biologie moléculaire ont enrichi la question d’un ensemble inattendu de sources absolument nouvelles et de facto irréfutables : à savoir le séquençage génomique des anciens germes pathogènes responsables de la peste bubonique (Yersina pestis), ceci à partir d’échantillons (ossements et surtout pulpe dentaire) prélevés sur les restes de victimes de la grande pandémie de 1348. Cette masse de recherches et de publications dues à des équipes internationales de spécialistes de l’ADN ancien sont difficiles d’accès et largement ignorées par les historiens. Le présent article a pour objet de tenter une présentation de la situation actuelle et d’évoquer les conditions d’un dialogue nécessaire entre historiens et biologistes spécialistes de l’ADN ancien.
Eski Anadolu Türkçesinin Söz Dizimi Üzerine Bir İnceleme (13-14. yy.)
Authors: BEYİTOĞLU Yahya Kemal
Published: April 2021

Türk dili tarihindeki yeri bakımından önemli bir değere sahip olan Eski Anadolu Türkçesi, kendi içinde Selçuklu Dönemi, Anadolu Beylikleri Dönemi ve Osmanlılar Dönemi olarak üç döneme ayrılmaktadır. Eski Anadolu Türkçesinin ilk devrelerinde, yabancı unsurların fazla karışmadığı sade bir Türkçe kullanılmıştır. Ancak yabancı kelimelerin ve yapıların 13. yüzyıldan 15. yüzyıla gidildikçe arttığı görülmektedir. Eski Anadolu Türkçesi eserlerinin ses bilgisi ve biçim bilgisi özelliklerinin ayrıntılı olarak incelendiği pek çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Buna karşın söz dizimi üzerine yapılmış çalışmaların sayısı oldukça azdır. Bir cümleyi oluşturan kelime türlerinin arasındaki ilişkileri inceleyen ve sınıflamalar yapan dil bilgisi kolu olarak tanımlanan söz dizimi, son zamanlarda dil bilimin üzerinde en fazla durulan alanlarından biri durumuna gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, genel bir fikir edinebilmek amacıyla Eski Anadolu Türkçesinin ilk temsilcilerinden olan, 13-14. yüzyıl sanatçıları Mevlânâ, Sultan Veled, Yûnus Emre, Ahmed Fakih, Şeyyâd Hamza ve Hoca Dehhânî’den şiirler seçilerek söz dizimi açısından incelenmiştir. Bugünkü Türkiye Türkçesinin ilk örneklerinden seçilen bu 56 dize; cümlenin ögeleri, kelime grupları ve cümle çeşitleri açısından ele alınmıştır.
Five Poems by Arensky at the Verses by Schepkina-Kupernik: Towards the Problem of Poetic Text Interpretation in Music at the Edge of the 19-20 centuries
Authors: Скурко Евгения Романовна , Гусева Елена Владимировна
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена проблеме отражения новых тенденций русской художественной культуры рубежа XIX-XX веков в позднем вокальном цикле А. Аренского Пять романсов op. 70 на стихи Т. Щепкиной-Куперник. В частности, речь идет о проявлении в поэтике и стилистике признаков стихотворения с музыкой, ставшего, как известно, одним из репрезентантов «нового стиля» данной эпохи. Рассматривается изменение отношения композитора к слову, определившее особенности трактовки как мелодики, так и других средств музыкальной выразительности (гармония, фактура, партия фортепиано и так далее). Сопоставление с более ранними камерно-вокальными сочинениями позволяет прочертить линию эволюции стиля Аренского от следования романтической традиции русского лирического романса к отражению некоторых тенденций музыкального искусства начала XX столетия, связанных с модерном.

The article is devoted to the problem of reflecting the new tendencies of Russian artistic culture at the edge of the 19 and 20 centu ries in the late vocal cycle of Arensky Five romances op. 70 on verses by T. Shchepkina-Kupernik. In particular, the features of a poem with music manifestation in the poetics and stylistics of romances, which, as it is known, became one of the signs of the “new style” of this epoch are taken into consideration. We are talking about a change in the composer's attitude to the word, which determined principles of the interpretation of melody and other means of musical expression (harmony, texture, piano part, etc.). Comparison with earlier chamber-vocal compositions allows to draw a line of evolution of Arensky's style from the romantic, characteristic of Russian lyric romance, to the reflection of the stylistic patterns of the early 20 century musical art.
ON THE ISSUE OF REPRODUCTIVE LOSSES PREVENTION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Alieva T.D.K. , Shevchenko A.S.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the compliance of the existing medical care system in Ukraine for pregnant and married couples planning a pregnancy (its organizational and financial capabilities), the need to reduce the high level of reproductive losses.

Materials and methods. Methods of statistical and system analysis are used. The national programs of reproductive health, demographic data, data on morbidity (received from the national medical statistics for the period 2017–2018), reports of the national survey “Health Index of Ukraine” (2018), data on appeals for obstetric-gynecological, genetic care (in connection of reproductive losses, fertility) are analyzed. A comparison between the indicators of Ukraine and the Kharkiv region, as well as with other countries, according to the cost of the survey, requests for medical care for the examination of genetic and infectious diseases associated with reproductive losses, was made. The organization of outpatient care for pregnant and married couples who are planning a pregnancy has been analyzed in terms of availability and sources of payment for services.

Results. The number of Ukrainian women planning their first pregnancy aged 35 and over is increasing. Naturally, the number of genetic pathologies increases. Indicators of infectious pathology remain high. At the same time, women visit less gynecologists and family doctors, which is due to the high cost of the part of medical care that patients have to pay for themselves. Insufficiently developed genetic screening programs for genetic diseases. The professional contacts of physician of various specialties need to be improved. These facts negatively affect the level of reproductive losses, complicate their prevention.

Conclusions. To reduce reproductive losses, it is necessary to create a national disease monitoring center, increase the availability of obstetric-gynecological and genetic care for the population, increase coverage of genetic screening programs, and give birth to children at the optimal age of 20–34.
Pico satélite educativo CanSat desarrollado en las plataformas ARM-CortexM4 y FPGA
Authors: Sánchez-Texis Fernando , Ibarra-Bonilla Mariana Natalia , Reyes-Castillo Ivan
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the design and implementation of a CanSat pico-satellite developed on the ARM-CortexM4 and FPGA Spartan6 platforms. The CanSat structure consists of four modules distributed in four levels of construction. The first level is the sensor module, consisting of: the IC BME280 (barometer, humidity and temperature), the L70 GPS system and an inertial sensors system MPU6050 and AK8975. The second level is the mission control module and incorporates an ARM-STM32F407 microcontroller integrated with the OS-Micropython that allows programming in Python language. This module has the capacity of data storage using an EEPROM-M24C32 memory and a micro-SD. The third level is the LoRa technology wireless communications module with a 10Km range. The fourth level is the vision module, consisting of an OV7670 camera interconnected with the FPGA XC6SLX16, which functions as a photo and video capture system. The design of the modules was made with SMD technology in PCB of up to four layers. The design of the CanSat protective case in PLA material, manufactured by 3D printing of FDM technology, is presented. Finally, the results of preliminary performance tests are presented.
Estudio y diseño del Sistema de Tierra Integral de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Autónoma de Campeche
Authors: Lezama-Zárraga Francisco Román , Ovando-Sierra Juan Carlos , Castillo-Téllez Margarita , Andrade-Durán Juan Edgar
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, low voltage electrical systems are more complex due to sensitive non-linear loads to voltage variations due to disturbances or poor quality of power in the electricity supply network, so it is necessary to protect equipment people who use these electrical installations every day. This paper presents a study to design the equipotential grounding system of the Faculty of Engineering of the Campeche´s Autonomous University in order to obtain an earth impedance value that complies with the standards NXM-J-549-ANCE-2005 and NOM-001-SEDE-2012 to provide safety conditions to people and equipment operating in the electrical installation in low voltage, quickly draining the fault, making the value of the voltage with respect to the earth reached in the part failure is equal to or less than the safety value and offer the corrective measures to improve the quality of the energy, which we receive from the supplier company. This study is the basis to implement a model of integral earth system for any type of buildings in our environment to achieve stable voltage levels at a constant frequency.
Efectividad de la Adaptación basada en Ecosistemas Estudio de caso del Plan de Manejo de la Subcuenca del Río Pasabién
Authors:   TMG Research gGmbH, Pérez Pérez Edgar Selvin , El Fassi Marai , Benavidades Lucia ,   ADIMI,   WWF Mesoamérica,   Fundación Defensores de la Naturaleza
Published: April 2021

Efectividad de la Adaptación basada en Ecosistemas Estudio de caso del Plan de Manejo de la Subcuenca del Río Pasabién
A Slippery Slope of Authorship and Attribution: The Atelier Model and the Design/Build Conundrum
Authors:   American University of Sharjah, Sarnecky William G.
Published: April 2021

Focusing on the atelier model and design/build pedagogy, this paper explores the question of authorship and attribution in academia. While the legalities of copyright and authorship in architectural practice have been addressed legislatively and through adjudication, there is no analog to this clarification for academics. Defining authorship of creative work in academia often remains a murky question, particularly when students and instructors work together. This uncertainty poses a particular problem for academicsin pursuit of tenure where academic andcreative authorship remain the primary form of currency. Case studies of three design/build projects at different scales will shed light on the complicated relationship between teacher, student and the creative work emerging from the atelier model.
WORKSHOP : Collective Architectures
Authors:   Universidad del Turabo, Crespo Claudio Yazmín M , Rivera Crespo Omayra
Published: April 2021

A design-build workshop organized by Taller CreandoS in Encargos a collective founded by four female architecture professors; Yazmín M. Crespo, AndreaBauzá, Irvis González y Omayra Rivera, at La Perla, a community outside the northern historic city-wall of old San Juan, Puerto Rico. Together the professors share interests to revitalize deteriorated and abandon urban spaces with ephemeral interventions and participative workshops in an effort to redefine the conventional way of understanding the professional practice of architecture. The workshop invited students from the three architecture and design schools in Puerto Rico; Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, University of Puerto Rico School of Architecture, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico and the school of Visual Arts in Old San Juan to work together with international architecture collectives Todo porla Praxis from Madrid, Spain; Arquitectura Expandida from Bogotá, Colombia; and FG Studio from New YorkCity in three design-build projects together with the community. The workshop included lectures by the three international architects’ collectives, a design charrette, community presentations, final review, a round table and construction of the interventions from August 31to September 7, 2013.
Digital Agora: A Physical and Digital Space for Participatory Democracy
Authors:   +D Studio, de Cristo Pedro Henrique H.F.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the concept of the Digital Agora(DA): a physical + digital space for participatory democracy that responds to the global demand for more participation on the public decision making of cities by integrating specific public policies for instruments of direct democracy, spaces for systematization, synthesis and articulation, and effective technologies to generate a new calibration between representative and direct democracy at the city level.
New Orleans: A Model 21st Century Cross-American Water City?
Authors:   Washington University in St. Louis, Hoeferlin Derek
Published: April 2021

Much has been accomplished – and much debated– since Hurricane Katrina made landfall outside of New Orleans in 2005. There have been many successes – and many failures – in regards to the recovery, rebuilding and resiliency of the unique“Cross-American” port city. Social, economic and environmental justice issues have been brought to the forefront, in the wake of an unprecedented human-altered “natural” disaster. This paper will not attempt to regurgitate what has been critiqued and promulgated about New Orleans in relation to status quo rebuilding. Rather, the paper will focus on water management demands, efforts and proposals since the storm; and, how these water-centric efforts have challenged existing decision-making regimes, in turn advocating for new governance partnerships, funding streams and integrative design methodologies.
The Public Square: Memory and Meaning
Authors:   Miami University, Cevik Gulen
Published: April 2021

The term public has a rather ambiguous and broad meaning so does public space. Considering “its full development as a product of modern capitalist society,”¹ public space is constructed alongside private space. Kost of points out the organizational and legal consequences of “explicitly defining and articulating an outdoor space for the common good” in that “the people assume a double responsibility: the upkeep of this space and its preservation as public property.”²As such, public spaces can serve as sites where public identity and meaning are negotiated in complex ways. Today, even in countries governed by western style democracy, the use and access to public spaces are often restricted and policed. Public spaces can be highly politicized when they become the setting for the glorification of leaders, social activism, political uprisings, conflict and violence. Since public spaces are one of many settings where citizens experience their city, what happens when public spaces are under attack? What if the memory and the meaning are transformed into fragmented and irrelevant pieces by business interests or the government? What happens to public life when public spaces are stripped off of their spaceness?