bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value in Determining the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in NSTEMI Patients
Authors: Cetinkaya Zeki , Kelesoglu Saban , Tuncay Aydin , Yilmaz Yucel , Karaca Yucel , Karasu Mehdi , Secen Ozlem , Cinar Ahmet , Harman Murat , Sahin Seyda , Akin Yusuf , Yavcin Ozkan
Published: February 2024

Background: Even though medication and interventional therapy have improved the death rate for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients, these patients still have a substantial residual risk of cardiovascular events. Early identification of high-risk individuals is critical for improving prognosis, especially in this patient group. The focus of recent research has switched to finding new related indicators that can help distinguish high-risk patients. For this purpose, we examined the relationship between the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) defined by the SYNTAX score (SxS) in NSTEMI patients. Methods: Based on the SxS, CAD patients were split into three groups. To evaluate the risk variables of CAD, multivariate logistic analysis was employed. Results: The PIV (odds ratio: 1.003; 95% CI: 1.001–1.005; p = 0.005) was found to be an independent predictor of a high SxS in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Additionally, there was a positive association between the PIV and SxS (r: 0.68; p < 0.001). The PIV predicted the severe coronary lesion in the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis with a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 81.1%, using an appropriate cutoff value of 568.2. Conclusions: In patients with non-STEMI, the PIV, a cheap and easily measured laboratory variable, was substantially correlated with a high SxS and the severity of CAD.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Failed Surgical or Transcatheter Bioprosthetic Valves: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Groginski Taylor , Mansour Amr , Kamal Diaa , Saad Marwan
Published: February 2024

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has proven to be a safe, effective, and less invasive approach to aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis. In patients who underwent prior aortic valve replacement, transcatheter and surgical bioprosthetic valve dysfunction may occur as a result of structural deterioration or nonstructural causes such as prosthesis–patient mismatch (PPM) and paravalvular regurgitation. Valve-in-Valve (ViV) TAVR is a procedure that is being increasingly utilized for the replacement of failed transcatheter or surgical bioprosthetic aortic valves. Data regarding long-term outcomes are limited due to the recency of the procedure’s approval, but available data regarding the short- and long-term outcomes of ViV TAVR are promising. Studies have shown a reduction in perioperative and 30-day mortality with ViV TAVR procedures compared to redo surgical repair of failed bioprosthetic aortic valves, but 1-year and 5-year mortality rates are more controversial and lack sufficient data. Despite the reduction in 30-day mortality, PPM and rates of coronary obstruction are higher in ViV TAVR as compared to both redo surgical valve repair and native TAVR procedures. New transcatheter heart valve designs and new procedural techniques have been developed to reduce the risk of PPM and coronary obstruction. Newer generation valves, new procedural techniques, and increased operator experience with ViV TAVR may improve patient outcomes; however, further studies are needed to better understand the safety, efficacy, and durability of ViV TAVR.
Arrhythmias and Device Therapies in Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Bukhari Syed , Khan Syed Zamrak , Ghoweba Mohamed , Khan Bilal , Bashir Zubair
Published: February 2024

Cardiac amyloidosis is caused by amyloid fibrils that deposit in the myocardial interstitium, causing restrictive cardiomyopathy and eventually death. The electromechanical, inflammatory, and autonomic changes due to amyloid deposition result in arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation is by far the most common arrhythmia. The rate control strategy is generally poorly tolerated due to restrictive filling physiology and heart rate dependance, favoring adoption of the rhythm control strategy. Anticoagulation for stroke prophylaxis is warranted, irrespective of CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with a favorable bleeding profile; data on left appendage closure devices are still insufficient. Ventricular arrhythmias are also not uncommon, and the role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in cardiac amyloidosis is controversial. There is no evidence of improvement in outcomes when used for primary prevention in these patients. Bradyarrhythmia is most commonly associated with sudden cardiac death in cardiac amyloidosis. Pacemaker implantation can help provide symptomatic relief but does not confer mortality benefit.
Why Kinematic Alignment Makes Little Sense in Valgus Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sterneder Christian Manuel , Faschingbauer Martin , Haralambiev Lyubomir , Kasparek Maximilian F. , Boettner Friedrich
Published: February 2024

There is a debate about the best alignment strategies in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Mechanical alignment (MA) targets in combination with necessary soft tissue releases are the gold standard for TKA in end-stage valgus osteoarthritis. Some authors propagate kinematic alignment (KA) with the aim of restoring the patient’s native alignment and minimizing the need for soft tissue releases. Our previous studies showed that MA with standardized soft tissue release produces reproducible results, and that the preoperative phenotype does not influence the results of patients with valgus osteoarthritis. These data suggest that there is no functional advantage to preserving valgus alignment in patients with valgus osteoarthritis. Many patients with valgus osteoarthritis present with a compromised medial collateral ligament and leaving the knee in valgus could increase the risk of secondary instability. The current literature supports MA TKA with soft tissue release as the gold standard. While using more sophisticated enabling technologies like robotic surgery might allow for aiming for very slight (1–2°) valgus alignment on the femoral side, any valgus alignment outside this range should be avoided. This review paper summarizes our current knowledge on the surgical techniques of TKA in patients with valgus osteoarthritis.
Accuracy and Sterilizability of In-House Printed Patient-Specific Aortic Model for Surgeon-Modified Stent Grafts—A Workflow Description for Emergency Aortic Endovascular Procedures
Authors: Wilkat Max , Lommen Julian , Rana Majeed , Kübler Norbert , Wienemann Tobias , Braß Sönke Maximilian , Ziegler Reinhold Thomas , Mazrekaj Agnesa , Knapsis Artis , Schelzig Hubert , Wagenhäuser Markus Udo , Arnautovic Amir
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The use of 3D-printed aortic models for the creation of surgeon-modified endoprostheses represents a promising avenue in aortic surgery. By focusing on the potential impact of sterilization on model integrity and geometry, this report sheds light on the suitability of these models for creating customized endoprostheses. The study presented here aimed to investigate the safety and viability of 3D-printed aortic models in the context of sterilization processes and subsequent remodeling. Methods: The study involved the fabrication of 3D-printed aortic models using patient-specific imaging data and established additive manufacturing techniques. Five identical aortic models of the same patient were printed. Two models were subjected to sterilization and two to disinfection using commonly employed methods, and one model remained untreated. The models were checked by in-house quality control for deformation (heat map analyses) after the sterilization and disinfection processes. Three models (sterilized, disinfected, and untreated) were sent for ex-house (Lufthansa Technik, AG, Materials Technologies and Central Laboratory Services, Hamburg, Germany) evaluation and subsequent quantification of possible structural changes using advanced imaging and measurement technologies (macroscopic and SEM/EDX examinations). After sterilization and disinfection, each aortic model underwent sterility checks. Results: Based on macroscopic and SEM/EDX examinations, distinct evidence of material alterations attributed to a treatment process, such as a cleaning procedure, was not identified on the three implants. Comparative material analyses conducted via the EDX technique yield consistent results for all three implants. Disinfected and sterilized models tested negative for common pathogens. Conclusions: The evaluation of 3D-printed aortic models’ safety after sterilization as well as their suitability for surgeon-modified endoprostheses is a critical step toward their clinical integration. By comprehensively assessing changes in model integrity and geometry after sterilization, this research has contributed to the broader understanding of the use of 3D-printed models for tailor-made endovascular solutions. As medical technologies continue to evolve, research endeavors such as this one can serve as a foundation for harnessing the full potential of 3D printing to advance patient-centered care in aortic surgery.
Embryo Transfer Procedural Parameters Do Not Predict IVF Cycle Outcome
Authors: Sfakianoudis Konstantinos , Maziotis Evangelos , Trypidi Anna , Grigoriadis Sokratis , Vaxevanoglou Terpsithea , Angeli Irene , Rapani Anna , Kotsifaki Amalia , Pistola Kalliopi , Pantou Agni , Dafopoulos Konstantinos , Pantos Konstantinos , Simopoulou Mara
Published: February 2024

Background: this study aims to assess the effect of embryo transfer (ET) performance parameters of a technical nature on IVF outcome. Methods: A total of 1417 ETs from a single IVF center were included in this prospective observational study. The parameters investigated were as follows: the presence of cervical mucus post catheter withdrawal, the presence of blood, catheter reload, the employment of a tenaculum and stylet, catheter resistance as experienced by the physician and patient discomfort. Results: When ET performance parameters were associated with clinical outcomes on a singular level, none of the ET parameters presented with any statistical significance. The evaluation of covariates indicated that the number and the quality of transferred embryos, as well as maternal age, exerted a statistically significant effect on clinical outcomes. In a multivariate analysis, only the presence of mucus along with significant catheter resistance presented with statistical significance; however, when adjusting for covariates, this combination showed no statistically significant effect on clinical outcomes. Conclusions: the results indicate that the time-consuming process of recording and analyzing ET performance parameters fails to offer any additional value in predicting the cycle’s outcome, while factors like embryo quality and number, as well as maternal age, seem to be the sole robust predictive factors of an IVF cycle.
Epidemiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a Large Academic Safety-Net Hospital
Authors: Cheng Kathleen , Lee Christina , Garniene Ramune , Cabral Howard , Weber Horst Christian
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent disorder of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) that is known to reduce the quality of life and raise healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of IBS in a large multiracial academic safety-net hospital. (2) Methods: An electronic query was performed using ICD-9 codes to identify 740 IBS outpatients seen at the Boston Medical Center (BMC) between 1 January 2005 and 30 September 2007. Demographic data were collected from electronic medical records. Bivariate analyses using chi-square tests and ANOVA were used to calculate the significance of categorical and continuous dependent variables, respectively. (3) Results: Compared with the general BMC outpatient population, the IBS cohort consisted of significantly higher proportions of White and Asian patients and lower proportions of Black and Hispanic patients (p < 0.0001). White and Asian patients predominantly had private insurance, while Black and Hispanic patients mostly had government/state-funded or no insurance (p < 0.0001). The IBS subgroup frequencies were similar across racial groups; however, Hispanic patients had IBS with constipation (32%, p < 0.02) more often compared to non-Hispanic patients. (4) Conclusions: Significant differences were found across the racial groups studied in this large outpatient IBS cohort. These findings are likely attributed to racial and socioeconomic disparities in healthcare access and utilization.
A Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Changes in Growing Class II Patients after Functional Appliance Therapy: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Cattaneo Paolo M. , Holm Annemarie , Yung Augustine K. C. , Isidor Stig , Cornelis Marie A.
Published: February 2024

Background: The aim was to assess three-dimensionally mandibular and maxillary changes in growing Class II patients treated with removable functional appliances followed by fixed appliances. Methods: Twenty-four Class II patients (age range: 9 to 14, mean: 12.1 ± 1.1 years) treated with removable functional appliances followed by fixed appliances (functional appliance group—FAG) were retrospectively selected and compared to an age-matched control group (CG) treated with fixed appliances only. To be included in the study, pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans had to be available. The CBCTs were used to analyze, in 3D, the changes following treatment and growth. Results: Before treatment, overjet (FAG: 9 mm ± 2.8 (mean ± standard deviation); CG: 4 mm ± 1.7), ANB (FAG: 5.7° ± 2.0; CG: 3.2° ± 1.4), and effective mandibular length (FAG: 113.0 mm ± 4.1; CG: 116.6 mm ± 5.9) were statistically significantly different between the two groups. After treatment, overjet (FAG: −6.8 mm ± 2.8; CG: −1.8 mm ± 1.8) and effective mandibular length (FAG: 6.3 mm ± 2.6; CG: 3.9 mm ± 2.6) statistically significantly changed. There was a significant difference in the treatment effect between the FAG and the CG in overjet, ANB, and effective mandibular length. Conclusions: The results indicate that functional appliances are effective in correcting Class II malocclusions. The growth modification in the FAG resulted in an increase in mandibular length. Yet, the final length of the mandible in the FAG was smaller when compared to the CG.
A New Frontier for Drug-Coated Balloons: Treatment of “De Novo” Stenosis in Large Vessel Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Sciahbasi Alessandro , Mazza Tiziano Maria , Pidone Chiara , Samperi Simona , Cittadini Edoardo , Granatelli Antonino
Published: February 2024

Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCB) are a well-established option for treating in-stent restenosis endorsed by European Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. However, in recent years, a strategy of “leaving nothing behind” with DCB in de novo coronary stenosis has emerged as an appealing approach. Methods: We performed a systematic review to evaluate the current literature on the use of drug-coated balloons in the treatment of de novo stenosis in large vessel disease. Results: Observational studies, as well as randomized studies, demonstrated the safety of DCB percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in large vessel disease. The rate of major adverse cardiac events is even lower compared to drug-eluting stents in stable coronary artery disease. Conclusions: DCB PCI is feasible in large vessel disease, and future large, randomized studies are ongoing to confirm these results.
Total Muscle Area and Visceral Adipose Tissue Measurements for Frailty Assessment in TAVR Patients
Authors: Demirel Caglayan , Rothenbühler Christoph Fritz , Huber Markus , Schweizer Michelle , Todorski Inga , Gloor David Alexander , Windecker Stephan , Lanz Jonas , Stortecky Stefan , Pilgrim Thomas , Erdoes Gabor
Published: February 2024

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a treatment option for severe aortic valve stenosis. Pre-TAVR assessments, extending beyond anatomy, include evaluating frailty. Potential frailty parameters in pre-TAVR computed tomography (CT) scans are not fully explored but could contribute to a comprehensive frailty assessment. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of total muscle area (TMA) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as frailty parameters on 5-year all-cause mortality in patients undergoing TAVR. Methods: Between 01/2017 and 12/2018, consecutive TAVR patients undergoing CT scans enabling TMA and VAT measurements were included. Results: A total of 500 patients qualified for combined TMA and VAT analysis. Age was not associated with a higher risk of 5-year mortality (HR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.998–1.049; p = 0.069). Body surface area normalized TMA (nTMA) was significantly associated with 5-year, all-cause mortality (HR 0.927, 95% CI: 0.927–0.997; p = 0.033), while VAT had no effect (HR 1.002, 95% CI: 0.99–1.015; p = 0.7). The effect of nTMA on 5-year, all-cause mortality was gender dependent: the protective effect of higher nTMA was found in male patients (pinteraction: sex × nTMA = 0.007). Conclusions: Normalized total muscle area derived from a routine CT scan before transcatheter aortic valve replacement complements frailty assessment in patients undergoing TAVR.
Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Treatment of Spasticity of Different Aetiologies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Otero-Luis Iris , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Álvarez-Bueno Celia , Martinez-Rodrigo Arturo , Pascual-Morena Carlos , Moreno-Herráiz Nerea , Saz-Lara Alicia
Published: February 2024

Background: Spasticity is a motor disorder characterised by exaggerated movements of the tendons and accompanied by hyperreflexia and hypertonia. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is used as a treatment for spasticity, although more evidence is needed on the effectiveness of this therapy in the treatment of spasticity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness ESWT in the treatment of upper and lower limbs spasticity in both children and adults through different aetiologies. Methods: A systematic search was performed in different databases from inception to December 2023. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the efficacy of ESWT on spasticity using the Modified Ashworth Scale. Results: Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The effect of ESWT on spasticity measured with the Modified Ashworth Scale shows a significant decrease in spasticity in the upper limbs and in the lower limbs in adults with chronic stroke and in children with cerebral palsy, is more effective immediately after application, and maintains its effect up to 12 weeks post treatment. Conclusions: These findings are important for clinical practice since they show evidence that ESWT is effective in reducing spasticity in both children and adults.
New Technique for Wedge Selection in Direct Class II Restorations: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gancedo-Gancedo Tania , Martín-Biedma Benjamín , Domínguez-Cachón Javier , Garrido-Parada Sara , Ababii Victoria , Pereira-Lores Patricia , García-Varela Sandra , Castelo-Baz Pablo
Published: February 2024

Background: Performing an appropriate Class II direct restoration is a great challenge. The correct selection of the matrix system and the elements used for its stabilization will have a great impact on the result. The aim of this study is to show a new digital method for a predictable selection of the wedge and compare it with the conventional method. Methods: Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups. In Group 0, the wedge was selected intraoperatively by visual examination, while in Group 1 the wedge was selected preoperatively through the measurement of the cervical embrasure on the bite-wing radiography. The number of wedges used, modifications to them, and tissue damage were registered, along with the quality of the proximal contact and the marginal adaptation. Results: Student’s t-test revealed a statistical difference between the number of wedges used, which was higher in Group 0 (p < 0.05). Pearson Chi-square test showed that tissue damage was statistically higher in Group 0 (p < 0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between groups in wedge modifications (p > 0.05). Group 1 revealed a higher frequency of satisfactory proximal contact and marginal adaptation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This new technique reduces wedges waste and tissue damage and provides an adequate interproximal anatomy.
Effect of Selective Z-Pinning on the Static and Fatigue Strength of Step Joints between Composite Adherends
Authors: Loi Gabriela , Buonadonna Pasquale , El Mohtadi Rayane , Carta Mauro , Lai Daniele , El Mehtedi Mohamad , Aymerich Francesco
Published: February 2024

The z-pinning reinforcement technique, which involves inserting thin pins through the body of a laminate, has proven highly effective in enhancing the strength of various composite joint configurations. This investigation aims to explore the enhancements achievable through selective z-pinning at very low pin contents on both the static and fatigue performance of composite joints. Single-step joints between carbon/epoxy adherends were reinforced using steel pins arranged in two, three, or four rows of pins parallel to the edges of the overlap, resulting in pin contents ranging from 0.2% to 0.4%. Joint panels were manufactured through co-curing, and coupons were extracted from the panels for static and fatigue tensile testing. The experimental tests show that z-pinning improves the static strength (by about 15%) and extends the fatigue lives of the joints. The ultimate failure of both unpinned and pinned joints is due to the unstable propagation of a crack at the bond line. The superior performances of pinned joints are mainly due to the bridging tractions imposed between the crack faces by z-pins, which delay the growth of the debonding crack. The enhancements in static and fatigue strength achieved by z-pinning were essentially independent of the number of pin rows, and the pins positioned near the joint edges were found to play a dominant role in controlling the structural performance of pinned joints.
Chitosan-Based Hierarchical Scaffolds Crosslinked with Genipin
Authors: Piaia Lya , Silva Simone S. , Fernandes Emanuel M. , Gomes Joana M. , Franco Albina R. , Leonor Isabel B. , Fredel Márcio C. , Salmoria Gean V. , Hotza Dachamir , Reis Rui L.
Published: February 2024

Osteochondral defects present significant challenges for effective tissue regeneration due to the complex composition of bone and cartilage. To address this challenge, this study presents the fabrication of hierarchical scaffolds combining chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to simulate a bone-like layer, interconnected with a silk fibroin layer to mimic cartilage, thus replicating the cartilage-like layer to mimic the native osteochondral tissue architecture. The scaffolds were produced by freeze-drying and then crosslinking with genipin. They have a crosslinking degree of up to 24%, which promotes a structural rearrangement and improved connection between the different layers. Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that the structures have distinct porosity values on their top layer (up to 84%), interface (up to 65%), and bottom layer (up to 77%) and are dependent on the concentration of β-tricalcium phosphate used. Both layers were confirmed to be clearly defined by the distribution of the components throughout the constructs, showing adequate mechanical properties for biomedical use. The scaffolds exhibited lower weight loss (up to 7%, 15 days) after enzymatic degradation due to the combined effects of genipin crosslinking and β-TCP incorporation. In vitro studies showed that the constructs supported ATDC5 chondrocyte-like cells and MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells in duo culture conditions, providing a suitable environment for cell adhesion and proliferation for up to 14 days. Overall, the physicochemical properties and biological results of the developed chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate/silk fibroin bilayered scaffolds suggest that they may be potential candidates for osteochondral tissue strategies.
Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate
Authors: Pudełko-Prażuch Iwona , Balasubramanian Mareeswari , Ganesan Sundara Moorthi , Marecik Stanisław , Walczak Kamila , Pielichowska Kinga , Chatterjee Suvro , Kandaswamy Ravichandran , Pamuła Elżbieta
Published: February 2024

Bone tissue is one of the most transplanted tissues. The ageing population and bone diseases are the main causes of the growing need for novel treatments offered by bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, as artificial structures that fulfil certain characteristics, can be used as a temporary matrix for bone regeneration. In this study, we aimed to fabricate 3D porous polymer scaffolds functionalized with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles for applications in bone tissue regeneration. Different combinations of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG with molecular weight of 600 or 2000 Da) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with TCP were blended by a gel-casting method combined with rapid heating. Porous composite scaffolds with pore sizes from 100 to 1500 µm were obtained. ATR-FTIR, DSC, and wettability tests were performed to study scaffold composition, thermal properties, and hydrophilicity, respectively. The samples were observed with the use of optical and scanning electron microscopes. The addition of PCL to PLA increased the hydrophobicity of the composite scaffolds and reduced their susceptibility to degradation, whereas the addition of PEG increased the hydrophilicity and degradation rates but concomitantly resulted in enhanced creation of rounded mineral deposits. The scaffolds were not cytotoxic according to an indirect test in L929 fibroblasts, and they supported adhesion and growth of MG-63 cells when cultured in direct contact.
Air Pollution PM10 Forecasting Maps in the Maritime Area of the Bay of Algeciras (Spain)
Authors: Rodríguez-García María Inmaculada , Carrasco-García María Gema , Ribeiro Maria da Conceição Rodrigues , González-Enrique Javier , Ruiz-Aguilar Juan Jesús , Turias Ignacio J.
Published: February 2024

Predicting the levels of a pollutant in a given area is an open problem, mainly because historical data are typically available at certain locations, where monitoring stations are located, but not at all locations in the area. This work presents an approach based on developing predictions at each of the points where an immission station is available; in this case, based on shallow Artificial Neural Networks, ANNs, and then using a simple geostatistical interpolation algorithm (Inverse Distance Weighted, IDW), a pollutant map is constructed over the entire study area, thus providing predictions at each point in the plane. The ANN models are designed to make 1 h ahead and 4 h ahead predictions, using an autoregressive scheme as inputs (in the case of 4 h ahead as a jumping strategy). The results are then compared using the Friedman and Bonferroni tests to select the best model at each location, and predictions are made with all the best models. In general, to the 1 h ahead prediction models, the optimal models typically have fewer neurons and require minimal historical data. For instance, the best model in Algeciras has an R of almost 0.89 and consists of 1 hidden neuron and 3 to 5 lags, similar to Colegio Los Barrios. In the case of 4h ahead prediction, Colegio Carteya station shows the best model, with an R of almost 0.89 and a MSE of less than 240, including 5 hidden neurons and different lags from the past. The results are sufficiently adequate, especially in the case of predictions 4 h into the future. The aim is to integrate the models into a tool for citizens and administrations to make decisions.
Compressive Behavior of Stainless Steel–Concrete–Carbon Steel Double-Skin Tubular (SCCDST) Members Subjected to External Hydraulic Pressure
Authors: Wang Jian-Tao , Yang Kai-Lin , Sun Jia-Yao
Published: February 2024

The new-type stainless steel–concrete–carbon steel double-skin tubular (SCCDST) members, characterized by their exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical bearing capacity, have promising applications in ocean engineering, particularly in deep-water engineering. The external hydraulic pressure and interfacial action of various materials intensify the complexity of composite performance of SCCDST members. This paper describes an analytical investigation on the concentric compressive performance of SCCDST members under external hydraulic pressure. The full-range mechanism, including load–displacement response, bearing capacity contribution, and contact pressures, was investigated through the finite element (FE) model that was validated by the failure mode, bearing capacity, and response of axial load versus strain. Subsequently, influences of key geometric–physical parameters were analyzed, e.g., diameter-to-thickness ratios (Do/to, Di/ti), material strengths (fyo, fyi, and fc), hollow ratios (χ), and water depths (H). Typical results indicate that: the initial active confinement action derived from the hydraulic pressure can enhance the interfacial contact pressure and axial compression capacity of SCCDST members due to the tri-axial compression state; the enhancement of confinement effect is mainly from the interfacial interaction between outer stainless steel tube and concrete infill; influence of water depth on bearing capacity cannot be ignored, e.g., the bearing capacity of an SCCDST member with larger hollow ratio (χ = 0.849) is not enhanced under a higher hydraulic pressure (H = 900 m) because of the cross-sectional buckling failure risk. Finally, a modified method considering the effect of water depth was proposed and verified for SCCDST members under hydraulic pressure.
Load Assessment Method for Multi-Layer Oceanographic Winch with Synthetic Fibre Ropes Based on Non-Rotation Symmetric Cylindrical Model
Authors: Ye Haoran , Li Wenhua , Lin Shanying , Lv Qingtao , Zhang Dinghua
Published: February 2024

Offshore winches are crucial in marine engineering, particularly in marine scientific research and deep-sea exploration. The use of fibre ropes presents significant opportunities for the weight reduction of winches as a consequence of the low length–strength ratio and characteristics of corrosion resistance. Nonetheless, a challenge arises in underestimating the stress load levels in load assessments of multi-layer winch systems using synthetic fibre ropes. Traditional computational methods reliant on symmetrically rotational models fall short in accurately predicting and assessing practical applications. This paper introduces a finite element analysis model based on a non-rotationally symmetric approach with four surfaces subjected to various radial pressure on account of the deformation of the fibre ropes. In the design model, sixteen stress detection paths have been incorporated to identify and confirm non-linear stresses. The outcomes of the finite element simulations have been compared with experimental results with two synthetic fibre ropes, each with distinct deformation characteristics utilised. The findings demonstrate that the application of the model aligns well with experimental results, showcasing its relevance and practical value in real-world scenarios. Precise theoretical calculations and experimental validation are pivotal to ensuring that equipment reliability and safety are maintained alongside the pursuit of light-weighting.
Exploring Mechanisms of Antifungal Lipopeptide Iturin A from Bacillus against Aspergillus niger
Authors: Wang Shiyi , Xu Min , Han Ye , Zhou Zhijiang
Published: February 2024

The control of Aspergillus niger (A. niger) is of great significance for the agricultural economy and food safety. In this study, the antifungal effect and mechanism of iturin A from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (CGMCC No. 8473) against A. niger (ATCC 16404) were investigated using biochemical analyses and proteomics. Changes in a mycelium treated with iturin A were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, including mycelial twisting and collapse, organelle disintegration, and intracellular vacuolization. The cytomembrane integrity of A. niger was affected by iturin A, as detected by propidium iodide staining. In addition, the generation of excess reactive oxygen species, the hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and malondialdehyde accumulation also indicated that iturin A induced apoptosis in A. niger through the oxidative stress pathway. Proteomics results showed that 310 proteins were differentially expressed in the A. niger mycelium exposed to iturin A, including 159 upregulated proteins and 151 downregulated proteins, which were mainly associated with energy metabolism of A. niger. We propose that iturin A might inhibit the growth of A. niger by disrupting cytomembrane integrity, via oxidative stress, and by interfering with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Overall, iturin A is a promising antifungal agent that provides a rationale for controlling A. niger contamination in food.
The Interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Grass Endophyte (Epichloë) on Host Plants: A Review
Authors: Shen Youlei , Duan Tingyu
Published: February 2024

In nature, plants frequently experience concurrent colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and grass endophytes (Epichloë). These two fungi assist in mineral uptake and stress tolerance by the host. Despite the abundance of recent studies exploring the individual functions of these fungi in diverse ecosystems, research on the effects of the interaction between these two symbiotic fungi on the host, particularly in agricultural production and ecological conservation. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the interaction between AMF and grass endophytes and their synergistic effects on host plants in response to abiotic and biotic stress, while also outlining prospects for future research in this field. This knowledge not only enhances our comprehension of complex interaction effects between the two fungi, but also facilitates the optimal utilization of fungal resources, contributing to ecological construction and higher agricultural production.
Administration of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion for Dextromethorphan Poisoning with Serotonin Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kuwana Tsukasa , Kinoshita Kosaku , Mizuochi Minori , Sato Jun , Chiba Nobutaka , Saito Takeshi , Imai Toru
Published: February 2024

Dextromethorphan (DXM) is used to treat colds and coughs; however, it can cause central nervous system symptoms, such as severe serotonin syndrome (SS). To our knowledge, there is no specific treatment for severe DXM poisoning, and there are no reports on the clinical use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) for its treatment. Herein, we report a case of severe DXM poisoning with SS that was successfully treated with ILE. An older adolescent male visited the emergency department 1 h after ingesting 4500 mg of DXM orally. Physical examination revealed generalized convulsions, muscle rigidity, mydriasis (8.0/8.0 mm), and flushed skin, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 (E3V1M4). Severe DXM poisoning with SS was diagnosed. The patient was intubated and administered midazolam for continuous convulsions and SS. Activated charcoal was also administered, and body surface cooling was performed. After an 11 h intensive care unit admission, SS with mydriasis (6.0/6.0 mm) did not improve. Subsequently, 1100 mL of 20% soybean oil was injected as an ILE. Mydriasis improved (3.5/3.5 mm) 30 min after ILE administration; simultaneously, blood DXM concentration rapidly increased approximately two-fold. After discontinuing midazolam, the patient’s consciousness signs improved, and he was weaned off the ventilator. SS was cured with no recurrence of convulsions. In cases of DXM poisoning with severe central nervous system disorders, such as SS, ILE treatment can potentially be an effective therapeutic option. For oral overdose cases, where the drug may remain in the intestinal tract, measures such as administering activated charcoal should be taken before administering ILE.
Is There a Place for Apheresis in the Management of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy? A Report of Three Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Naciri Bennani Hamza , Banza Augustin Twite , Giovannini Diane , Motte Lionel , Noble Johan , Corbu Alexandra , Malvezzi Paolo , Jouve Thomas , Rostaing Lionel
Published: February 2024

Membranous nephropathy constitutes approximately 20% of adult nephrotic syndrome cases. In approximately 80% of cases, membranous nephropathy is primary, mediated by IgG autoantibodies primarily targeting podocyte antigens (PLA2R, THSD7A, etc.). The treatment involves a combination of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide or anti-CD20-based therapies, e.g., rituximab. In the event of significant proteinuria and in order to avoid the urinary elimination of rituximab, therapeutic apheresis, in particular semi-specific immunoadsorption, may be an option allowing for a reduction in proteinuria and autoantibodies before initiating treatment with rituximab. We present the preliminary experience of three patients treated with semi-specific immunoadsorption for primary membranous nephropathy between January 2021 and March 2023. Two patients were anti-PLA2R-autoantibody-positive and one was seronegative. The average age was 59 ± 17 years. Semi-specific immunoadsorption did not reduce albuminuria, but it, nevertheless, led to an increase in serum albumin, contributing to the regression of edema. It effectively eliminated anti-PLA2R autoantibodies in the two anti-PLA2R-positive patients. Consequently, apheresis may not induce a rapid reduction in proteinuria, but could contribute to a more accelerated remission when combined with the anti-CD20 treatment.
Spatiotemporal Patterns and Coupling Coordination Analysis of Multiscale Social–Economic–Ecological Effects in Ecologically Vulnerable Areas Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of the Tuha Region, Xinjiang Province
Authors: Kou Yanfei , Chen Sanming , Zhou Kefa , Qiu Ziyun , He Jiaming , Shi Xian , Zhou Xiaozhen , Zhang Qing
Published: February 2024

Ecologically fragile areas are confronted with the contradiction between economic development and ecological protection, especially in the Tuha region (Turpan and Hami), where the extremely vulnerable ecological environment limits local sustainable development. To address this, this study utilizes POI (Point of Interest) data, land use, and socioeconomic statistical data to achieve spatial quantification of indicators on a kilometer grid scale, constructing a multi-factor, multi-dimensional evaluation system for the socioeconomic and ecological effects of sustainable development based on SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). The entropy method, comprehensive evaluation method, coupling coordination degree model, and geographical detector method are used to analyze the coupling relationships between systems at different scales and the factors influencing the system’s coupling coordination degree. The results indicate that from 2010 to 2020, the economic, social, and ecological systems of the Tuha region, as well as their comprehensive scores, exhibited spatial similarity. The economic system showed an upward trend, the social system displayed an inverted U-shaped trend of rising then declining, while the ecological system presented a U-shaped trend of declining then increasing. At the county scale, the coupling coordination degree closely approximates the trend of the comprehensive coordination index, showing a continuous upward trajectory. Compared with Turpan city, Hami city, especially Yizhou district, exhibits the best development in coupling coordination degree, while the growth in coupling coordination degree is most significant in Gaochang district. The main factors influencing the degree of coupling coordination are grain production and GDP (gross domestic product). This study provides a new perspective on the quantification of sustainable development indicators, which is of great significance for balancing economic and social development with ecological protection and promoting the coupled and coordinated development of society, economy, and ecology in ecologically fragile areas.
How Does Land Fragmentation Affect Agricultural Technical Efficiency? Based on Mediation Effects Analysis
Authors: Zhou Chunfang , Zhao Yuluan , Long Mingshun , Li Xiubin
Published: February 2024

The scientific revelation of the mechanism underlying land fragmentation’s influence on agricultural technical efficiency is extremely important. This study utilized survey data from 305 villages across 12 provinces in Southern China in 2020 to assess technical efficiency through the application of the stochastic frontier production function. Moreover, we investigated the direct impact of land fragmentation on technical efficiency and the indirect impact transmitted through crop diversification and part-time farming by employing Tobit and mediating effect models, respectively. The key findings are as follows: (1) The sampled farmers, on average, operated 0.614 hectares of land with 17.395 plots, and the mean of their technical efficiency was 0.630. (2) The overall effect of land fragmentation on technical efficiency demonstrated a “U”-shaped relationship. (3) Crop diversification and part-time farming were mediating factors in the impact of land fragmentation on technical efficiency. Specifically, an “inverted U”-shaped relationship existed between land fragmentation and crop diversification, whereas a negative linear relationship was observed between land fragmentation and part-time farming. Conversely, crop diversification presented a positive linear relationship with technical efficiency, and part-time farming had an “inverted U”-shaped relationship with technical efficiency. (4) The impact of land fragmentation on technical efficiency varied across altitude zones. It is recommended to control land fragmentation based on local conditions, encourage crop diversification, and strengthen employment guidance and skills training for farmers to ensure the orderly transfer of land.
Assessment of the Coupling Degree between Agricultural Modernization and the Coordinated Development of Black Soil Protection and Utilization: A Case Study of Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Zhao Guiling , Deng Zhongji , Liu Chang
Published: February 2024

Agricultural management encompasses various processes, including agricultural modernization and land protection and utilization; however, these aspects are seldom considered simultaneously. This study focuses on Heilongjiang Province, a major grain-producing region in China, in efforts to address this gap. The objective is to facilitate the mutual sustainable development of agricultural modernization as well as the protection and utilization of black soil through research and coordination. Statistical data from a case study conducted in Heilongjiang Province serve as the basis for this investigation, aiming to identify contradictions in the coordinated development of agricultural modernization and black soil protection and utilization in the province, design mechanisms to sustain this development, and ensure the mutually supportive progress of both aspects. This research delves into an infrequently explored dimension of the current policies surrounding black soil imposed by the Chinese authorities, offering significant insights into agricultural modernization.
Increased Upper Extremity Muscle Mass in Ambulatory Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Song Taeyoung , Kim Jaewon , Jang Dae-Hyun
Published: February 2024

Aim: To compare muscle mass in the upper and lower extremities between ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing (TD) children. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 children aged 2 to 12 years with CP and a Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level of I, II, or III were matched with 21 TD children for age, sex, and body mass index. The lean body mass (LBM) of each extremity was calculated from whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The LBM of the upper extremities was greater in children with CP compared to TD children, and the difference was significant in the GMFCS level II group (1340.6 g vs. 1004.2 g, p = 0.027). There was no significant difference in the LBM of the lower extremities between the CP and TD groups (p = 0.190). The ratio of lower extremity LBM to total extremity LBM was lower in children with CP, while the ratio of upper extremity LBM to total extremity LBM was higher in children with CP (73.2% vs. 78.5% [p < 0.001] and 26.7% vs. 21.5% [p < 0.001], respectively). Conclusions: Ambulatory children with CP, especially in the GMFCS level II group, exhibit greater muscle mass in the upper extremities compared to TD children.
Anxiolytic-like Activity, Antioxidant Properties, and Facilitatory Effects on the Short-Term Memory Retention of Molsidomine in Rats
Authors: Mititelu-Tartau Liliana , Bogdan Maria , Pavel Liliana Lăcrămioara , Rezus Ciprian , Foia Cezar Ilie , Dima Nicoleta , Gurzu Irina Luciana , Pelin Ana-Maria , Buca Beatrice Rozalina
Published: February 2024

Compelling evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) exerts a significant influence on the central nervous system, participates in the modulation of neurotransmitter release, contributes to the regulation of cognitive functions, and plays a crucial role in modulating various aspects of neural activity. We aimed to explore the influence of two NO donors, molsidomine (MSD) and V-pyrro/NO, on the innate spontaneous psychomotor abilities and short-term memory in rats. Using an actimeter test, the locomotor activity, stress-sensitive behavior, and anxiety level were investigated. The influence on the animal`s cognitive functions was evaluated usingthe Y-maze test to assess the spontaneous alternation percentage, number of arms visited, number of alternations, and the preference index. Four distinct groups of five white male Wistar rats were exposed to the intraperitoneal treatments as follows: Control batch—0.3 mL/100 g of body weight saline solution, Mg batch—200 mg/kbwof magnesium chloride, MSD batch—1 mg/kbw of molsidomine, and V-pyrro/NO batch—5 mg/kbwof V-pyrro/NO. The intraperitoneal administration of MSD resulted in a significant reduction in spontaneous behavior and exploratory skills but was less pronounced than the positive control drug, magnesium chloride. Conversely, treatment with V-pyrro/NO led to only a slight decrease in horizontal movements during the actimeter test. MSD administration, but not V-pyrro/NO, notably increased the rate of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test. Additionally, the use of MSD resulted in an increase in the blood level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the intensification of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. In our experimental setup, we demonstrated that MSD exposure led to a decrease in spontaneous behavior, showed anxiolytic effects and antioxidant activity, and improved spatial memory acquisition in rats.