bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Soils and Vegetation on Five Undisturbed Limy Upland Range Sites in Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Lunsford Larry
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to collect information on basal cover, percentage composition, yield of grasses and common forbs found on five undisturbed prairies, as well as a detailed description of the limy upland soils. Sites selected were located on four different limestone formations of varying geologic age. The four formations included the Ash Hollow member of the Ogallala formation; Fort Hays limestone member of the Niobrara formation; Fairport Shale member of the Carlile Shale formation; and the Bridge Creek limestone member of the Greenhorn formation. Basal cover and percentage composition of grasses were determined by use of point frame transects established at random. Data collected were subjected to statistical analyses. Forage yields were determined from clippings made the first two weeks in October, 1962. Eight square meter quadrats were clipped at random, on each area, to determine seasonal yield of grasses. Average yield of air-dried forage for each area was computed and converted to pounds per acre. Profile descriptions were taken at approximately the center of each study area. Soil samples were collected individually, thoroughly mixed and color coded. The percentage of each textural soil component and the hydrogen- ion concentration of the soil solution was determined. Soils of these sites were closely related in surface and subsoil characteristics, depth, position and general mode of development, but were derived from different parent materials. The dominant grasses were big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi), Little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius), side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), with big bluestem furnishing over 50 percent of the total vegetative composition on four of the sites. Side-oats grama was the second principal grass and averaged 25 percent of the composition on all sites. Varying amounts of little bluestem and blue grama were found. Basal cover varied from 20.1 percent to 26.6 percent. Considerable variations were noted in total yields even though little variation existed in basal cover on the five sites. The greatest total production for a single area was 4,593.7 pounds of air-dried forage per acre, while the lowest was 2,717.3 pounds per acre. Big bluestem was the principal producer on four of the sites and produced 50 percent or more of the total vegetation on each site, while side-oats grama furnished over one-half of the total production on the other site. Other significant producers were little bluestem, blue grama and on several sites, tall dropseed (Sporobolus asper).
Educators' Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder
Authors:   , Riley Nancy
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate teachers', counselors', and principals' knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder in school-aged children. The independent variables investigated were position, amount of in-service attended, gender, size of the participant's school, years of experience in education, and amount of formal education. The dependent variable was scores from the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Questionnaire. The sample of 303 consisted of 160 teachers, 61 counselors, and 82 principals (91 males, 212 females) from Kansas public school districts. Five composite null hypotheses were tested employing three-way analysis of variance (general linear model) and one composite null hypothesis was tested using a one-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 20 comparisons were made plus 16 recurring. Of the 20 comparisons, 6 were for main effects and 14 were for interactions, of the 6 main effects, none were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 14 interactions, none were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results indicated no statistically significant associations between any independent variables and the dependent variable. The groups appeared to come from a common population pertaining to knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. no association between position (teacher, counselor, principal) and knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder; 2. no association between amount of in-service education attended and knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder; 3. no association between gender and knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder; 4. no association between size of the participant's school and knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder; 5. no association between years of experience in education and knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder ; and 6. no association between amount of formal education and knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder.
Growth Curve Studies of Tapirine During the Saprophytic Phase
Authors:   , Bland Mark
Published: February 2023

Taphrina is dimorphic. Taxonomy of this genus historically has been based on morphology of the parasitic phase and on host specificity. The saprophytic phase grows readily in culture where the yeast cells divide by budding. Because of inconsistencies in the taxonomy of this group, a study was performed to determine relative growth rates of the saprophytic phase to provide additional information. Regression lines were calculated from logarithms of absorbance values, which were measured with a Spectronic-20 spectrophotometer. The slopes of regression lines for different isolates are compared.
Assessment of West Nile Virus Prevalence Using Rt-Pcr in Resident and Migratory Birds of Western Kansas
Authors:   , Thomas Anthony
Published: February 2023

Since its first known appearance in North America in Queens, New York in 1999, West Nile Virus (WNV) has spread westerly across the United States and caused many human and avian deaths. Previous protocols testing for WNV RNA in birds were only effective for post-mortem specimens; therefore, I have developed a useable protocol for live birds. Nasopharyngeal epithelial and molting feather samples were tested from 255 individuals of 41 species, representing 16 avian families, captured at a long term bird-banding station in western Kansas. By using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to check for prevalence, I identified 12 individuals (4.7%) as testing positively for WNV. Eight of the positively tested samples were from long-distance migrants: orange-crowned warbler (Vermivora celata) (n = 3), red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus) (n = 1), Wilson's warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) (n = 2), Nashville warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla) (n = 1), and Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) (n = 1). The four positively tested short-distance migrants were house wren (Troglodytes aedon) (n= 2), American robin (Turdus migratorius) (n =1), and dark-eyed j unco (Junco hyemalis) (n = 1). Unexpectedly, WNV was detected in nasopharyngeal epithelial sarnples, but not in molting feathers from the same Ovenbird. In two cases, however, molting feather samples tested positive for WNV, while the nasopharyngeal epithelial sample indicated a negative for the same individual. One of the twelve individuals (house wren) tested positive for WNV in both molting feather and nasopharyngeal epithelial samples taken. My results show that effective WNV testing is possible in live birds and indicate reservoirs exist in migrant species.
Visible Reflection
Authors:   , Pukiew Boontip
Published: February 2023

I think of art as the reflection of my experiences, my ideas, my memories and my beliefs in life and myself.
Lexical and Semantic Access in Children with Reading Disabilities
Authors:   , Galloway Ann
Published: February 2023

A reading level design was employed to assess differences between children with reading disabilities, their chronological-age matched, and reading-level matched peers. These differences were hypothesized to exist in the use of lower level and higher level processes recruited during word recognition and comprehension. A masked priming paradigm, coupled with a lexical decision task, was used to assess lower level form based lexical access. A second experiment in which strong and weak semantic associates were used, assessed differences in the use of higher level contextually based processes. The results failed to support the notion that disabled readers perform more like children of the same skill level. Moreover, differences between children with reading disabilities and their age-matched peers implicate the later post-access processes. In the present sample, the early encoding processes appear to be intact.
Linear Drift: Painting and Sculpture
Authors:   , McMullen Rod
Published: February 2023

The work pictured in this summary is not related directly to any natural forms of nature. If ones concept of my painting must contain something readily recognized then so be it, but my intention is to simply relate my inward feeling. That feeling had no other means of explanation than through visual stimulation. Painting in the abstract is the most challenging and successful venture that I have undertaken to this point. I do think my work is just starting to gain a personality of its own. I find that to be very stimulating and the best encouragement I have to continue my work.
An assessment of convergence in the feeding morphology of Xiphactinus audax and Megalops atlanticus using landmark-based geometric morphometrics
Authors:   , Shelburne Edward
Published: February 2023

Convergence is an evolutionary phenomenon wherein distantly related organisms independently develop features or functional adaptations to overcome similar environmental constraints. Historically, convergence among organisms has been speculated or asserted with little rigorous or quantitative investigation. More recent advancements in systematics has allowed for the detection and study of convergence in a phylogenetic context, but this does little to elucidate convergent anatomical features in extinct taxa with poorly understood evolutionary histories. The purpose of this study is to investigate one potentially convergent system—the feeding structure of Xiphactinus audax (Teleostei: Ichthyodectiformes) and Megalops atlanticus (Teleostei: Elopiformes)—using a comparative anatomical approach to assess the degree of shared morphospace occupation. X. audax was a large, predatory fish that inhabited the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) during the Late Cretaceous and went extinct 66 mya. M. atlanticus—the Atlantic tarpon—is a large elopiform fish that inhabits the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. Because of structural similarities in their crania and post-crania, M. atlanticus is often used formally and informally as a modern analog for X. audax. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics (GM) was applied to determine the structural similarity in the feeding morphology of these two fish species. Six X. audax and six M. atlanticus specimens were 3D scanned and reconstructed as 3D models, and the GM procedure was conducted on in both 2D and 3D treatments. Principal components analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), sequential agglomerative hierarchical non-overlapping (SAHN) cluster analysis, and a multiiv response permutation procedure (MRPP) were all performed to quantify the shape difference between the 12 specimens. All analyses produce comparable results. X. audax and M. atlanticus differ significantly in the structure of their feeding morphology and do not overlap considerably in morphospace, casting doubt on the idea that X. audax and M. atlanticus are structurally convergent in their feeding morphology. Most notably, there are substantial differences in the size and shape of the premaxilla, the length of the maxilla, and the inflection of the anterior dentary. The differences in these structures likely relate to the preferred feeding habits of each fish, with X. audax preferring large individual prey, and M. atlanticus relying on suction feeding to consume smaller schooling prey. These results suggest M. atlanticus is a poor modern analog for X. audax with respect to feeding morphology.
A Study of The Women Characters In The Long Plays of Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
Authors:   , Schoendaller Katherine
Published: February 2023

In this thesis I have given summaries and characterizations of the women characters in Eugene Gladstone O' Neill's plays of more than one act in the order of their writing. At the close of the summarizations and characterizations of the individual plays I have attempted to classify the women characters according to their personality types and their moral traits. All the plays with the exception of six, Bread and Butter, Servitude, Second Engineer or The Personal Equation, Now I Ask You, Ancient Mariner, and S.S. Glencairn are included in this study. These six plays were not available to me. I have not seen any of O' Neill's long plays on the stage; therefore my interpretations are based on the reading and the studying of the individual plays. This method or criticism brings both advantages and disadvantages. We know that a play is written for the sole purpose or being acted on the stage. Not to see it acted is a vital factor. The play Strange Interlude would have a much greater effect on a person were he to see it acted. The play The Fountain was a failure on the stage, yet it reads well. Nevertheless, the reader of a play may have certain advantages over the person who sees the acted drama. The reader has the opportunity of interpreting the characters as he wishes (not merely as the actor wishes), or he may interpret them a she thinks the dramatist himself did. He also has the privilege of studying and reviewing as much of the play as he wishes.
Victim Blaming and Natural Reactions to Trauma in Cases of Sexual Assault and Natural Disaster
Authors:   , Nielsen Ashley
Published: February 2023

Past research has indicated that victim blaming in cases of sexual assault is a problem in today’s society (Bieneck & Krahe, 2011). The present study examined how natural reactions to trauma influence how much blame is assigned to the victim in situations of sexual assault and natural disaster. This study included 293 college students that attended a western Kansas university, with an average age of 19.71. Participants read a short scenario depicting either a victim of sexual assault or a victim of natural disaster, with the victim responding to the traumatic event by either freezing or fainting. They were then asked to rate how much the victim in these scenarios is to blame and complete the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance scale. Results showed that victims of sexual assault were assigned more blame that victims of natural disaster. The victim’s reaction, both in the freeze and faint conditions, was also rated as being more normal in the natural disaster scenarios compared to the sexual assault scenarios. These results support that there needs to be a greater emphasis put on education about sexual assault in general and typical immediate neurological reactions to trauma, especially in cases of sexual assault.\r Key words: sexual assault, rape, neurological reactions to trauma, victim blaming
The Relationship Between Computer Anxiety and the Need for Cognition
Authors:   , Anschutz Lucy
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between computer anxiety and need for cognition. Computer anxiety has been defined as being concept specific and covering a wide variety of situations in which people interact with computers (Gilroy & Desai, 1986). Need for cognition has been defined as an individuals’ tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activity (Cacioppo & Petty, 1982). This research utilized 184 subjects from Fort Hays State University. The subjects were administered the following paper-and pencil questionnaires: the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale, the attitudes Toward Computers Scale, the Computer Thoughts Survey, the Need For Cognition Scale, and the Personal construct Inventory. The questionnaires were administered to groups of 40-50 subjects at a time and took approximately 45 minutes to complete. The subjects were offered extra credit points form their respective classes for their participation. The results were analyzed through a variety of correlational analyses. It was found that subjects high in need for cognition experienced less computer anxiety. Subjects high in need for cognition also had more positive thoughts, feelings and attitudes towards computers. Higher levels of computer anxiety were found in subjects with less previous computer experience. The Personal construct Inventory Scales were found to correlate with the three computerphobia scales extending the validity of both measures.
An Exploratory Investigation of the Prefirst Grade
Authors:   , Ramsour Kathy
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the effectiveness of a pre-first grade program. The subjects consisted of three groups of subjects: two groups of pre-first graders and one group of first graders, who had participated in the pre-first grade program, a total of 35 subjects. An ex post facto design was employed. The scores from the following instruments were employed: Metropolitan Readiness Test, Pathfinders Readiness Test, SRA Achievement Test and an instructor's checklist. The analysis consisted of testing eight null hypotheses. A total of 133 comparisons were made which included 91 correlation coefficients. All eight hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. Each of the eight hypotheses was rejected. The results of the study indicated the following: 1. that a pre-first grade experience can be academically successful. 2. That those who participate in pre-first tend to be successful in regular first grade. 3. That pre-first grade experiences may vary in effectiveness. 4. That test results alone should not be employed for identifying children to participate in pre-first grade. 5. That those who participated in the pre-first grade tended to show improvement in social, general information and physical coordination.
Etcetera
Authors:   , Jolliffe Laurie
Published: February 2023

I have discovered through my teaching experience that in order for an instructor to set goals for their students, they must first meet or exceed these expectations in their own work. My primary objective as an instructor and illustrator is to creatively approach subject matter which is not frequently illustrated, or which is difficult for my students to illustrate and take back to the classroom new techniques and approaches to design. I felt that it was necessary to choose aspects of the commercial industry which would be most appropriate for illustrative experimentation. Through observation and research I chose cuisine and department store promotion as two areas which would enable me to experiment with various mediums, techniques, and compositions. When developing the “Cuisine Unique Series” I realized that continuity, visual impact and effective representation of the overall concept were of utmost importance. Using mixed media with emphasis in colored pencil I was able to concentrate on details and more effectively improve my style.
The Alcohol Use Inventory : A Validational Study
Authors:   , Crupper Erland
Published: February 2023

A validational study of the Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI) for the purpose of differentiating the severity of problem drinking was replicated using a rural population. The variables, social class and age, were controlled statistically. It was found that (AUI) did significantly differentiate the severity of problem drinking on most AUI scales. The effect of controlling age and social class was to increase significantly the difference among severity levels on two AUI scales.
Stable Isotope Diet Analysis Of Teleoceras Fossiger From The High Plains Of Kansas
Authors:   , Wilson Patrick
Published: February 2023

Stable isotope geochemistry provides a way of examining both modern and ancient ecosystems. One important use of stable carbon isotopes is to determine the amount of C3 versus C4 plant biomass in the diet of herbivorous mammals. C3 plants have a more negative stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) than C4 plants because of the different photosynthetic pathways each type uses. These different δ13C values are preserved in the hydroxyapatite of herbivores upon consumption of the different plant types. The purpose of this study it to use δ13C values from serial samples of tooth enamel from six isolated permanent molars of Teleoceras fossiger, an extinct North American rhinoceros from the Early Hemphillian, to determine what type of vegetation was consumed by these animals and if the diet reflects the amount of C4 biomass present in the ecosystem. The δ13C values from the T. fossiger samples show a range between -11.2‰ and -7.2‰ (all vs. VPDB, same below). These δ13C values indicate the diet of T. fossiger contained little to no C4 biomass. Using an ecosystem model developed for the Late Neogene of Nebraska, all of these data, except for two points, fall within an open canopy ecosystem (-12.1‰ to -7.7‰), an open grassland consisting of little to no C4 vegetation. The two data points (-7.6‰ and -7.2‰) that do not fall within an open canopy ecosystem, fall within the mixed C3/C4 ecosystem (-7.7‰ to 2.1‰). Paleobotanical and paleosol carbonate data collected from the Minimum Quarry, which is the quarry where the sampled T. fossiger teeth were collected, shows approximately 20% C4 biomass in the ii ecosystem. The difference between the diet of T. fossiger and the percentage of C4 biomass in the ecosystem demonstrates that although there are C4 grasses present, these rhinoceroses did not incorporate a major C4 component into their diet.
The Influence of Landscape Factors on Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) Colony Persistence in Northwest Kansas
Authors:   , Oriez Jamie
Published: February 2023

The black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) is a colonial and fossorial rodent species that serves as an ecosystem engineer and keystone species in North America’s grasslands. Black-tailed prairie dogs historically ranged from northern Mexico to southern Canada, and from eastern Nebraska to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. However, with the loss and fragmentation of grasslands, introduction of Sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis), and control measures such as poisoning and shooting, black-tailed prairie dogs are limited to less than 5 percent of their historical range.\r In this study, I examined how colony area, location, isolation, and surrounding land cover affected the persistence of black-tailed prairie dog colonies in northwest Kansas from 2005-2015. Using aerial imagery from the National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP), I attempted to map every black-tailed prairie dog colony in northwest Kansas from 2005-2015. I used generalized linear models and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) to determine which factors influenced colony persistence.\r I found that the number of black-tailed prairie dog colonies and total area occupied by colonies varied from 2005-2015, with both experiencing a sharp decline from 2014-2015. While the number of colony extinctions per year also varied, the number of new colonies established steadily decreased over the study period. The logarithmic transformation of colony area was the most important variable to colony persistence, occurring in all of the best 25 models. The longitude of the colony was the second most important factor, occurring in 24 of the best 25 models. Determining which factors have the greatest impact on black-tailed prairie dog colony persistence is crucial for the development of conservation management plans for this declining species.
A Historical Survey of the Factors Causing Disabilities in the Elementary School
Authors:   , Smith Velma
Published: February 2023

The purposes of this study are (1) to survey the literature related to the causes of reading disabilities; (2) to provide information which will enable teachers to prevent reading disabilities.
Effect of Expressive Methods of Child Psychotherapy Upon Intellectual Efficiency
Authors:   , Ames Viola
Published: February 2023

It is the purpose of this study to investigate the effectiveness of a certain type of child training in accelerating the development of intellectual efficiency. By expressive methods is meant the use of different media through which the child can find self-expression for otherwise inarticulate ideas. Such media as finger-painting, clay modeling, dramatization and free hand drawing give opportunity for the child to create or objectify his subjective feelings or ideas. By child psychotherapy is meant a method of treatment in readjusting the personality of children. The change in I.Q. means a change in the relation of mental age to chronological age as measured by an intelligence test.
Economic Development of Gove County, Kansas
Authors:   , Roberts Theo
Published: February 2023

This thesis is dedicated to the study of the economic development of Gove County, once the home of Indians and buffaloes. The author realizes that so broad a field cannot be covered in great detail, but to study only one phase of the subject would not fulfill the desire of the reader to show the early economic conditions and history, as well as the present day trends in Gove County; therefore, the plan of this thesis is to devote a chapter to each important division of the economic development of the county.
Space Relationship in Form Incorporation Iconic Interpretations to Metal Sculpture
Authors:   , Alumbaugh Jack
Published: February 2023

Good form is essential in sculpture. Forms endowed with a sensitive relationship between positive and negative areas give innumerable possibilities to the use of the silhouette in bringing forth a form. The work in this thesis is concerned with creating a significant form, accented with a vigorous play on the positive and negative areas of the silhouette. These space relations emphasize the detail instead of the texture. At the same time the form reflects a statement, generally of an iconic nature. The work shown that follows this introduction serves as testimony to the idea as it emerges into its climax. In reviewing the evolution of this work it must be pointed out that no clear-cut plan was used to obtain its end. By experimenting with a wide range of materials and techniques incorporating various statements, a level has been reached whereby the creator has gained temporary satisfaction in the overall content of the work. Brief statements will accompany each photograph and correlate each piece's importance to the final level of content.
The Beckerdite Local Biota, (Miocene: Early Hemphillian) Clark County, Southwestern Kansas
Authors:   , Liggett Gregory
Published: February 2023

The Beckerdite local biota, Clark County, Kansas, is the first Miocene fossil locality to be described from southwestern Kansas. This study was undertaken to get an overview of this site, because of the lack of Miocene paleontological data from this area, and the site's central location between classic Miocene sites in northwestern Kansas and the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma. Basic surveying techniques were employed while excavating the site, including: horizontal and vertical control points used in conjunction with a grid system that can be expanded in any direction as needed; and setting of semi-permanent monuments so that the grid system can be easily re-established in any future excavation. The fossils were collected from fluvial sediments of the Ogallala Group. The biota consist of at least 5 plant, 4 invertebrate, and 17 vertebrate taxa, including the first report of a crocodilian from the Miocene of Kansas. Based on the presence of Osteoborus and Megatylopus the biostratigraphic age of the biota is Hemphillian; the presence of Epicyon, Nimravides, and Procamelus indicate an early Hemphillian age. The biota is roughly contemporaneous with these faunas in Kansas: Swayze Quarry, Clark County; Bemis local fauna, Ellis County; Minium Quarry local biota, Graham County; and the Long Island local fauna, Phillips County. In an attempt to understand the depositional environment of the site, a sieve analysis of the sediment was made on one representative sample from the site. The results (mean grain size = 2.26 phi, median grain size = 2.13 phi, skewness = 0.17, and standard deviation 1.19) suggest that this sample was deposited in a fluvial system. Taphonomic evidence would suggest that the vertebrate remains were weathered on the surface before burial, and subsequently reworked and winnowed by the fluvial system. This evidence includes exfoliation cracks, the type of bones recovered, and stream-rounded edges on many of the elements. In contrast, the plants and invertebrate remains do not show extensive transport. The organisms in the Beckerdite local biota indicate that the area around the site of deposition was a savanna parkland with a mosaic of grasslands, trees, and shrubs. Based on the presence of the large reptiles (Geochelone and crocodilian) the climate was temperate, rarely exceeding 38[degrees] C or dropping below 0[degrees] C.
Parallelism in James
Authors:   , Miller Tracey
Published: February 2023

This thesis is a literary analysis of the general epistle of James based on the Hebrew poetical trait of parallelism. By showing the frequency of the incidence of parallelism stated in the form of parsenesis the definitely Hebraic form of the book is shown. It is not the purpose of this thesis to discuss theological problems nor to decide the date, authorship, and destination of the book. The primary concern of the thesis is the identification of the examples of parallelism throughout the book and to classify them as either synonymous, synthetic, or antithetical parallels. All such examples are quoted from the American Standard Version and are written so as to show the coextension of ideas. [More]
Computational Procedures for the Calculation of the Inverse Matrix
Authors:   , Kisner Vernon
Published: February 2023

With the invention of matrices came, of course, the solution of a system of the equations by the method of matrix inversion. Many important problems in applied mathematics involve finding the inverse of a square, nonsingular matrix. It is usually the inversion of this matrix which consumes the major portion of the time spent in solving the problem. Several methods have been devised to accomplish this. All of these methods entail considerable work if the matrix is of order higher than the third. The object of this thesis is to study and investigate some of the more common methods of finding the inverse of a matrix and endeavor to illustrate by examples the best method when given a particular matrix.
Line Forms as Developed Through the Intaglio Process
Authors:   , Lortscher Robert
Published: February 2023

In my thesis program, I have not stated a problem or theme running throughout my artwork. The line is the vehicle and the common ground upon which my work rests. Art to me is a form of higher consciousness whatever the complexity or statement. For me, art spotlights my awareness, but does not always focus on the same subject. My awareness shall change as I change, hopefully in growth rather than decay.
Self-Esteem of Adolescent Athletes
Authors:   , Lee Annette
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the self-esteem of high school athletes. The independent variables investigated were gender, athletic participation, family structure, and reported grades. The dependent variables were the self-esteem scores from the following sub-scales of the Texas Social Behavior Inventory: Confidence, Dominance, Social Competence and Total. The sample consisted of 279 students 9th grade through college sophomores. Four composite null hypotheses were tested with three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 52 comparisons were made plus 60 recurring. Of the 52 comparisons 12 were for main effects and 40 were for interactions. Of the 12 main effects 3 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The following main effects were statistically significant. 1. gender for the dependent variable Social Competence. 2. gender for the dependent variable Total, and 3. family structure for the dependent variable Social Competence. Of the 40 interactions, 7 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The following interactions were statistically significant: 1. among gender, athletic participation, and family structure for the dependent variable Social Competence, 2. between reported grades and athletic participation for the dependent variable Confidence, 3. between reported grades and athletic participation for the dependent variable Social Competence. 4. between reported grades and athletic participation for the dependent variable Total, 5. between athletic participation and gender for the dependent variable Confidence, 6. between reported grades and athletic participation for the dependent variable Dominance, and 7. among reported grades, athletic participation, and gender for the dependent variable Social Competence. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. female students have higher total self-esteem than male students, 2. students gender, athletic participation and family structure should be interpreted concurrently for Social Competence, 3. students reported grades and athletic participation should be interpreted concurrently for Confidence, 4. students reported grades and athletic participation should be interpreted concurrently for Social Competence 5. students reported grades and athletic participation should be interpreted concurrently for Total, 6. students athletic participation and gender should be interpreted concurrently for Confidence, 7. students grades and athletic participation should be interpreted concurrently for Dominance, 8. students grades, athletic participation, and gender should be interpreted concurrently for Social Competence, and 9. students have positive self-esteem.
Spatial Ecology of the Western Massasauga (Sisturus Tergeminus) in a Large Interior Wetland
Authors:   , Mead Joshua
Published: February 2023

Insight into the spatial ecology of a population of animals provides information valuable to the management and conservation of a species. Reptiles are facing global declines, with 1 in 5 species currently threatened with extinction. For cryptic taxa such as snakes, radio-telemetry allows for individuals to be reliably located on a consistent basis. I used radio-telemetry to investigate the spatial ecology of the Western Massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus) at Cheyenne Bottoms in Barton County, Kansas. Eighteen individuals (12 male and 6 female) were implanted with very high frequency (VHF) radio transmitters during 2016-2017 and tracked twice weekly from July to November in 2016 and April to October in 2017. Home range estimates were calculated for 15 individuals with 30 or more unique locations using minimum convex polygons (MCP) and kernel density estimators (KDE). Average home range estimates for these individuals using 100% MCP were 12.90 ha (0.37-60.99 ha) and 1.41 ha (0.07-5.12 ha) for 95% KDE. Core use area estimates using 50% MCP averaged 2.80 ha (0.05-13.48 ha) and 0.06 (0.001-0.21 ha) for 50% KDE. Male estimates were larger than female estimates across all estimators. Estimates for S. tergeminus on the constrained landscape of the Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area (CBWA) were smaller than estimates on the more natural and less manipulated Cheyenne Bottoms Preserve, although the sample size was much larger on the CBWA. This study provides important insight into the biology of S. tergeminus and is information that can be used to help conserve this species across its range.
The Effects of Positive Reinforcement on the Post Treatment Frequency of a Response with a Baseline Rate Greater Than Zero
Authors:   , Shellhaas Maurice
Published: February 2023

Several articles have appeared in the recent psychological literature which point out some hazards in positively reinforcing a response with a baseline frequency greater than zero. These studies provide data which indicate that, following external reinforcement of such behavior, its frequency fell to below baseline rates when reinforcement was terminated. This study attempted to point out some methodological errors in previous research and carried out a controlled replication of the basic paradigm. Wheel running in three groups of gerbils was studied. Group 1 was a non-reinforced group used to control for changes in wheel running in the experimental chamber due to handling and temporal factors. Group 2 received a 15% sucrose solution for wheel running in the experimental chamber. Group 3 was exposed to the same contingencies as Group 2. However, these subjects also had continuous access to an activity wheel in their home cages. Data from Group 3 indicated that reinforcement does not appear to reduce what some researchers have labeled as intrinsic motivation to respond. What may be suppressed, however, is the frequency of the operant outside the experimental situation. It is postulated that this phenomenon may be similar to behavioral contrast found in multiple schedules. Data from the other two groups was obscured by enough inter-subject variability so as to make interpretation of the results tenuous. It was recommended that future research control for the hypothesized sources of error (light, temperature, etc.) and that food or water deprived subjects be used.
A Karst Feature Prediction Model For Prince Of Wales Island, Alaska Based On High Resolution Lidar Imagery
Authors:   , Lyles Alexander
Published: February 2023

Investigation into surface karst formation is significant to hazard prediction, hydrogeologic drainage, and land management. Southeast Alaska contains over 600,000 acres of mapped carbonate bedrock, and some of the fastest recorded karst dissolution in the world. The objectives of this study are to develop and compare multiple semi-automated models to map and delineate karst features from bare-earth LiDAR imagery using ArcGIS Desktop 10.7, and to apply a preliminary geostatistical analysis of sinkhole morphometric parameters to highlight potential spatial patterns of karst evolution on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. A semi-automated approach of mapping karst features provides a dataset that minimizes error from noise while maintaining accurate depression location and catchment boundaries. Several semi-automated models with different size parameters were compared against field-validated data using vulnerability as a proxy to determine the most accurate size threshold model. The model with the most overlap agreement was used to determine the morphometrics of karst features identified. This study conducted preliminary analysis of morphometric properties derived from the semi-automated karst feature prediction model to provide context for the geologic controls that allow for such large, rapid karstification observed in the region. Although beyond the scope of this study, morphometric analysis utilizing this semi-automated approach should be the focus of future studies to determine formation mechanisms and factors of karst landscape evolution through time.
Instructional Communication Via Video Program in Distance Learning: The Relationship Between Instructors' Immediacy Behaviors, Student Motivation and Satisfaction
Authors:   , Zhang Leaf
Published: February 2023

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between instructor immediacy behavior and university student motivation and satisfaction in instructional video-based courses. In a mid-western state university, a total number of 89 college students who had experiences of distance learning via video programs participated in the present research. The self-report measures were used to determine student motivation levels, satisfaction levels, and perceptions of instructor immediacy behaviors. Pearson Product Moment Correlation revealed moderate relationship between student motivation and instructor immediacy. In line with the hypotheses, results indicated that students have higher motivation and satisfaction levels in the video-based classes in which instructors are perceived as more immediate to students in both verbal and nonverbal behaviors.
Pupil Transportation Services Provided By The Forty-Eight State Departments of Education
Authors:   , Blattner Joe
Published: February 2023

The problem of this study is to ascertain the services provided by state departments of education in the area of pupil transportation. This research, which was initiated during the school year of 1952 and finished in the fall of 1953, involved a study of pupil transportation services provided by the forty-eight state departments of education. The validity of this investigation is limited by the accuracy of the replies to the questionnaires.
The Creative Experience of Moving Forms and Colors in Tension as Executed in Wool, for a Wall Hanging or Rug
Authors:   , Burtscher Margaret
Published: February 2023

The thesis problem is a, hooked rug or wall hanging, which becomes a kaleidoscope of colors spinning in movement in a cacophonous harmony. The reds crash into the yellows, whirl off in a mutation of yellow oranges, red oranges and browns, and move past the green browns into the greens and back into yellow.
The Cowan Adolescent Adjustment Analyzer Used As An Instrument For The Evaluation of Academic Functional Efficiency.
Authors:   , Mueller Wilbert
Published: February 2023

The development of The Cowan Adolescent Adjustment Analyzer, an Instrument of Clinical Psychology, was the product of more than twenty-five years of study by its original author, the late Dr. Edwina Abbott Cowan. This study is a further contribution to needed research to enhance an already accepted instrument of clinic al psychology. The area of major emphasis in the present study is academic functional efficiency. To this has been added, however, some significant data relating to the comparison of the Analyzer s cores to I. Q. scores and a comparison of the score s of students in early adolescence with those in middle or late adolescence.
Anatomy of Camarasaurus Lentus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic),. . .
Authors:   , Ikejiri Takehito
Published: February 2023

Two large skeletons of Camarasaurus (Dinosauria. Sauropoda) were excavated from single quarry near Thermopolis, central Wyoming from the Upper Morrison Formation (Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic). Shed theropod teeth and abundant fossil plants and lignite were also found at the quarry. A complicated stratigraphic sequence based on random patterns and thickness of dark gray mudstone, light gray mudstone, thin sandstone, and carbonate nodule layers suggests that the carcasses of the sauropods were buried under an anastomosing river environment. The two partial skeletons include two partial crania, 15 cervical vertebrae, 14 dorsal vertebrae, two sacra, 51 caudal vertebrae, three scapulocoracoids, two sternal pIates, three humeri, two ulnae, two radii, a partial manus, four ilia, four pubes, four Ischia, four femora, a tibia, a fibula, and many rib and chevron fragments. These bones provide new information on the anatomy of Camarasaurus; particularly, the transit ion from the posterior cervicals to anterior dorsal vertebrae that are significant for the taxonomy and morphological variation in the genus. Moreover, the first chevron is also preserved, which has not been previously described well in any sauropod taxa. An unusual pathology is also found in one of the thoracic ribs. The two Camarasaurus are fully grown individuals based on the completely fused centra and neural arches of all the vertebrae, the closed suture between the scapulocoracoids, and the very rugose articulated surfaces on the limb and girdle bones. The massive short neural arches in the anterior and mid-dorsal vertebrae indicate that the specimens represent C. lentis rather than C. grandis. In addition, gradually expanded neural spines on the anterior caudal vertebrae distinguish C. lentus from C. Supremus and C. grandis, both of which have T-shaped neural spines. Thus, the two Wyoming specimens clarify taxonomic problems in the genus to some degree. One of the individuals is about the same body size as the largest known C. lentus and about 80-85% smaller than C. supremus. In addition, the smaller Camarasaurus from Thermopolis exhibits entheses (ossified tendon) on the neural spines of the posterior dorsal and sacral vertebrae. [More]
Interaction of Physiological Responsiveness to Smoking and Behavior Modification Treatment
Authors:   , Moss Seeta
Published: February 2023

14 Ss were paired according to pre-treatment smoking rate, then randomly assigned, 7 each, to either a systematic desensitization-covert sensitization (SD-CS) or relaxation-discussion (R-D) group. Ss were seen in groups of 3 or 4 each for 4 consecutive daily treatment sessions lasting 60 minutes each. Pre-treatment plethysmograph recordings were taken on all Ss in order to assess the relationship between changes in peripheral blood flow and smoking rate. It was hypothesized that: (a) the SD-CS treatment, as applied in a short term, intensive group procedure would show lower smoking rates than the R-D control group; (b) there would be a significant relationship between blood flow change (BFC) due to smoking and success in treatment. The results supported neither hypothesis.
Some Aspects of Interconversion of 2'-Hydroxychalcones and Flavanones
Authors:   , Kim Kyu-chull
Published: February 2023

The equilibrium constants of the interconversion of ten-'hydroxychalcones to their isomeric flavanones have been determined spectrophotonetrically in anhydrous methanol. The equilibrium constant values and the rate at which the equilibria were attained have been correlated with the substituents present on the phenyl groups of the 2'-hydroxychalcones. In order to study the effects of various solvents and of catalysts on one of these equilibrium the isomerization of 2,2'-dihydroxychalcone has been employed. The equilibrium constants and the rates at which the equilibria are attained demonstrate that the interconversion is dependent upon the chemical nature of the solvent, the acidity or basicity of the reaction medium, the temperature of the reaction medium, and the ring activating or deactivating effect of the substituents present on the phenyl groups of the 2'-hydroxychalcol. The extent of conversion of the 2'-hydroxychal cones to the corresponding flavanones has been found to be determined by the degree of hydrogen bonding between the 2'-hydroxyl group and the carbonyl group of the chalcone.
A Follow-Up Study of Pratt Community Junior College Graduates
Authors:   , McKinney Ray
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to make a survey of the industrial arts opportunities offered to students of the church controlled coeducational secondary schools within the State of Kansas. The study was a survey of the instructional opportunities provided to those persons participating in the industrial arts program of these educational institutions.
Foraging Activity, Local Dispersal, and Roosting Behavior in Two Local Populations of Wintering Sparrows
Authors:   , Ports Mark
Published: February 2023

Foraging activity, local dispersal, and roosting behavior were studied for the Harris Sparrow (Zonotrichia querula), Dark- eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), and Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) in two disturbed habitats in Ellis County, Kansas, from 5 November 1978 through 15 March 1979. The three species were partially separated by their preferences in foraging habitat and seed size. Juncos showed partial overlap for natural foods with both other species; less overlap occurred between the Harris Sparrow and Tree Sparrow. Foraging height was not significant in the partitioning of resources. Harris Sparrows and juncos shifted from natural to artificial sources of food when snow cover became complete. Harris Sparrows returned to natural sources as the snow cover disappeared; juncos remained partially dependent on feeders. Nearly complete overlap occurred when the three species frequented artificial sources of food. Harris Sparrows and juncos occurred in Single species flocks with poorly- to- well- defined structure and behavior; Tree Sparrow flocks were loosely defined and erratic in behavior. Dispersal of flocks to and from feeding habitats and their roost sites were described.