bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Centro de Memória de Educação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Chagas de Carvalho Marta Maria , Barbosa Zaia Iomar
Published: November 2023

O centro de Memória da Educação da Faculdade de Educação Universidade de São Paulo (CME) foi criado em institucionalizar inst­âncias interdepartamentais que favorecem a produção em equipe da pesquisa em História da Educação. Sua criação deve ser compreendida em um duplo contexto. Por um lado, a pesquisa histórica sobre educação começava a ganhar maior reconhecimento e prestígio no campo educacional brasileiro, atraindo número crescente de novos pesquisadores. Por outro lado, na Universidade de São Paulo, a constituição da Área Temática de História da Educação e Historiografia do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, também em 1992, com pesquisa coordenada pela Profa. Dra, Carmen Sylvia Vidigal Moraes (que integra a atual coordenação do centro), que o CME começou a trabalhar com questões de preservação de arquivos escolares, promovendo a institucionalização de Centros de Memória Escolar. Essa pesquisa, que contou com a parceria do Centro Paula Souza, realizou o levantamento, a organização e a disponibilização das fontes documentais pertencentes às oito escolas técnicas mais antigas do Estado de São Paulo. Esse projeto recebeu apoio financeiro da FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) e teve como um de seus objetivos envolver alunos e professores das próprias escolas em todas as atividades, de modo  a convencê-los da importância da preservação dos acervos institucionais e a orientá-los quanto à organização física do espaço arquivístico dos Centros de Memória instalados. O ineditismo da proposta consistiu em aliar a preservação e a organização dos arquivos realizadas na própria em técnicas básicas de conservação preventiva, arranjo documental a criação de websites.
Hacia una historia de la educación en Colima
Authors: Larios Deniz Jonás
Published: November 2023

Escenarios, actores y procesos. La educación en Colima durante el siglo XIX y primeras décadas del XX, es un documento que narra historias sobre actores educativos y sobre procesos ocurridos en Colima en el siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX que no habían sido recabados y explicados de manera sistemática y analítica; los autores son estudiantes y académicos de la Universidad de Colima interesados en la enseñanza de la historia de la educación, hay también un esfuerzo importante por rescatar a las nuevas generaciones notables trayectorias, ejemplos indiscutibles de vida. La coordinación del libro estuvo a cargo de María de los Ángeles Rodríguez Álvarez. Una característica que enriquece la narración es la enorme cantidad de nombres y acciones que aparecen en los relatos, lo que permite al lector reconstruir los pasajes e imaginar la vida escolar colimense en el siglo XIX y primeras décadas del siglo XX, sacando del anonimato a todos aquellos educadores que dedicaron sus vidas a la instrucción y no habían sido incluidos en la historia oficial de la educación en Colima. Al leer la obra se viaja al pasado y se entiende el presente, a través de los personajes se construye la obra pedagógica colimense. La obra es producto de proceso de análisis de documentos históricos (periódicos, leyes, cartas, libros, diplomas), encontrados en archivos de la ciudad de México, Guadalajara, Morelia y Colima.
Historia de la educación e historia crítica. ¿Qué historia de la educación, para quién, para qué?
Authors: Viñao Frago Antonio
Published: November 2023

No son muchos los escritos del profesor de la Universidad Católica de Lovaina (reténgase lo católica por lo que diré al final), Marc Depaepe, que hayan sido traducidos y publicados en España. Por las tierras americanas y en castellano es muy probable que circule algún texto suyo en forma de artículo, pero, en lo que a España se refiere, sólo recuerdo en este momento dos artículos y un libro en prensa. En primero de los artículos se publicó en 1998 y constituía un análisis histórico-comparativo sobre la influencia y difusión de Pestalozzi en Europa. El segundo más reciente y escrito en colaboración con Frank Simon, versaba sobra las fuentes y los métodos con que llevar a cabo la “historia del aula”, es decir, de lo que acontece en ese espacio físico-temporal que es el aula. Si este último artículo encaja perfectamente en la línea de trabajo de los ensayos incluidos en el libro que ahora se comenta, no sucede así con el libro en prensa. En este caso se trata de una de las primeras obras de Depaepe y trata sobre las relaciones entre teoría e historia de la pedagogía, los debates al respecto y la relevancia de la Historia de la Educación en Alemania Occidental desde 1950 hasta 1980.
Primer Foro Regional de Historia de la Educación en el Sureste. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, 16 y 17 de agosto de 2007
Authors: Gómez Jiménez Pablo
Published: November 2023

En nuestros tiempos aprendido a conocer la historia sin construirla, esto hace que el trabajo intelectual de quienes practican la fecunda actividad de hacer historia sea tan difícil en su peregrinar. Cada día se necesita más tender puentes que permitan al historiador acercarse a otros sentidos, a otros puertos o ciudadela de abrigo, como los antiguos peregrinos o los viejos navegantes; lugares donde pueda conocer a otros viajeros, enriqueciendo sus anecdotarios y registro de saberes, mismos que son el único alimento de su escudriñante mirada hacia el infinito d ellos tiempos y los lugares. El encuentro, en el más amplio sentido de la palabra, hizo posible lograr lugares de convergencia entre viajeros en la ruta de la historia de la educación por las regiones del sureste, por los ricos espacios de nuestras historias de la educación; posibilitó, aunque sea en la forma más modesta, reencontrarnos e identificarnos en los problemas que aborda este campo, y compartir las peripecias, las argucias y las luces que hacen inquietante y atrayente los pasos del camino. El Primer Foro Regional de Historia de la Educación del sureste, llevado a cabo en la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UATJ), buscó como vía ofrecerse como ese puerto de abrigo tan necesario a los estudios; surgió por el impulso del Cuerpo Académico de Educación y Procesos Discursivos de la División académica de Educación y Artes de la UJAT, con el generoso empuje de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia de la Educación; se desarrolló de manera abierta a todas las propuestas, con la salvedad de que los enfoques teóricos y metodológicos denotaran en las temáticas su importancia y apego a la historia de la educación. Su importancia fue vestida por actividades magnas, como la conferencia inaugural de la Dra. Azucena Rodríguez Ousset (UNAM), referida a Las aportaciones pedagógicas de Rosseau y su aplicación en la época actual, así como un taller de historia oral impartido por la Dra. Julia Clemente Corso (UNACH). También se presentó el libro digitalizado La Escuela Racionalista a través de los textos de José de la Luz Mena, de la Mtra. María Teresa Gorrochategui Salas, de la UJAT, y por la conferencia magistral de cierre, dictada por la Dra. María Esther Aguirre Lora, investigadora en el IISUE, UNAM y presidenta de la Somehide, sobre La historia testimonial, antigüedad de la novedad en tierras mexicanas.
Lineamientos para la formulación de los Programas de Gobierno 2023. Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
Authors: Acebedo Ordóñez María Juliana , Álvarez Cruz Juan Manuel , Barrios Rodríguez Flor Manuelita , Bermúdez González Yoana , Bonilla Ovallos María Eugenia , Cáceres Rojas Paul , Castro Aristizabal Geovanny , Chacón Catalina , Cruz Merchán Camilo Alipios , Díaz Contreras Jhon Alexis , Gamboa Vesga Yudy Adriana , Gómez Castaño Valentina , Hormiga Sánchez Claudia Milena , León Avellaneda Ana María , Martínez Lozada Andrea Catalina , Mendoza López Gustavo , Olarte Dueñas Maryi Yurany , Oliveros Contreras Diana Virginia , Ortiz Martínez Rafael Gustavo , Pabón Mantilla Ana Patricia , Pabón Rozo Marcela , Pardo Uribe Miguel Jesús , Parra Jiménez Silvia Catalina , Parra Prada Laura Milena , Pedroza Orlando Enrique , Pérez Guevara Nadia Jimena , Restrepo Rojas Edwin Fabián , Rey Serrano Juan José , Rodríguez Duarte María Alejandra , Rubio Sguerra Carolina , Rueda Ordoñez Elba Viviana , Santos Barón María Alejandra , Tiria Sandoval Luis Carlos , Zabala Vargas Sergio Andrés , Zambrano Becerra Eliana
Published: November 2023

En este año electoral y determinante para los próximos cuatro años del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, el Instituto de Estudios Políticos de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB) y Bucaramanga Metropolitana Cómo Vamos (BMCV), nos hemos unido para articular saberes y expertos en diferentes dimensiones relacionadas con la calidad de vida, con el propósito de brindar insumos que permitan orientar la formulación de programas de gobierno a nivel local y fortalecer el proceso electoral que se llevará a cabo en octubre de 2023 en todo el territorio nacional.
TINJAUAN ATAS PERLINDUNGAN PENCURIAN SATWA PADA PERMUKIMAN RUNGKUT INDUSTRI
Authors: Ayu Mardiana Debby
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research is based on the high rate of theft in industrial settlements and makes it imperative that there is justice that must be upheld. By looking at the problems that exist around it, it makes the theft rate higher and more dominating than other criminal acts. At this writing, the writer uses empirical method. The initial thing that occurred was the high crime rate which was increasingly dominating. In this paper, the author tries to write down what should be done by local residents, village officials, and security forces in matters relating to a criminal act of theft. On the other hand, aims to find out what is the cause in an act of theft. There is a factor that becomes an obstacle, namely internal and external factors. There must be an optimization that crate a condition that will work well.Keyword:  criminality; industry; theftAbstrakPenelitian ini di latarbelakangi atas tinggi nya angka pencurian yang ada di wilayah permukiman perindustrian dan menjadikan hal tersebut harus adanya suatu keadilan yang harus di tegakkan. Dengan melihat permasalahan yang ada di sekitar, maka menjadikan angka pencurian menjadi tinggi dan lebih mendominasi dibandingkan suatu tindak pidana yang lainnya. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode empiris. Permulaan awal yang terjadi yakni tingginya angka kriminalitas yang semakin hari semakin mendominasi. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti berupaya menuangkan apa saja yang seharusnya dilakukan oleh warga setempat, perangkat desa, maupun pihak keamanan dalam hal yang berhubungan dengan suatu tindak pidana pencurian ini. Disisi lain, bertujuan untuk  mengetahui apa yang menjadi sebab dalam suatu tindakan pencurian. Terdapat suatu faktor yang menjadi suatu kendala, yakni faktor internal dan eksternal. Harus adanya suatu optimalisasi yang dilakukan agar terciptanya suatu kondisi yang nantinya berjalan dengan baik.
PEMENUHAN INFORMASI AKADEMIK SISWA MELALUI APLIKASI BRAINLY
Authors: Damayanty Citra Destya , Khadijah Siti
Published: November 2023

The increasingly sophisticated technology is used as a teaching and learning process to meet the academic needs of students. Like the SMPN 25 Bekasi school which allows its students to use gadgets to help with their learning needs. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the Brainly Application on the fulfillment of students' academic information. This research method uses a quantitative approach. Total population of 1,232 students. Sampling was done by proportional sampling by distributing 92 questionnaires. The theory in this study is the fulfillment of information needs. Data analysis used product moment using SPSS version 22 program. The results showed that the brainly application as complete and concise information had a percentage of 95% because it was used as an effective learning medium for learning methods, because there was complete and concise learning information. The value of the brainly application relationship as specific and fast information obtained results 84% of students strongly agree. This is evidenced by a strong correlation value of 0.424. Brainly application as an interaction obtained 82% this is evidenced by a strong correlation value of 0.438. Likewise with the brainly application as a dependency, the results obtained are 79%, this is evidenced by a strong correlation value of 0.605.

 

Keywords: Learning, Information Needs, Academic Students.
ANALYSE DER ÜBUNGEN ZUM SCHREIBEN DES BUCHES STUDO D A1 ZUR ERGÄNZUNG DES BUCHES DEUTSCH IST EINFACH KLASS XI
Authors: Mathilda Grace
Published: November 2023

Lehrbücher sind eine der Lernressourcen, die von Schülern und Lehrern zur Unterstützung des Lernprozesses verwendet werden. Diese Forschung wird von der Deutschlehrerin motiviert, die das Lehrbuch Deutsch ist einfach Klasse XI als Hauptlehrbuch verwendet, aber nicht selten auch Material / Fragen für die Praxis aus anderen Büchern oder dem Internet hinzufügt. Dies zeigt den Mangel an Materialvariation / Problem in Deutsch ist einfach Klasse XI Lehrbuch. Daher ist es notwendig, ein unterstützendes Buch Als Hauptlehrbuch zu haben. Der Forscher verwendete das deutsche Lehrbuch "Studio d A1" als Unterstützung für das Hauptlehrbuch. Studio d A1 Book ist für Schüler mit Niveau A1 geeignet. In dieser Studie konzentrierten sich die Forscher auf Schreibübungen zum Buch Studio D A1, um als zusätzliche Übungen aus dem Lehrbuch Deutsch ist einfach Klasse XI verwendet zu werden. Diese Forschung ist eine qualitative Forschung, die Dokumentations- und Literaturstudentechniken verwendet, die auf dem Lehrplan von 2013 und der Bernd Kast-Theorie basieren. Die Datenquelle stammt aus dem Lehrbuch Deutsch ist einfach Klasse XI und dem Lehrbuch Studio D A1. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie lauten wie folgt: Es gibt 15 Übungen, die der Theorie der Schreibübungen von Bernd Kast entsprechen. Mit Angaben zu 7 Übungen auf der aufbauenden Stufe von Syedbungen, 6 Übungen auf der vorbereitenden Stufe von Syedbungen und 2 Übungen zu strukturierenden Syedbungen. Für Bühne Kreatives und freies Schreiben und Kommunikatives Schreiben in dieser Studie nicht verwendet. Denn diese Studie zielt darauf ab, dass Schreiben ein Werkzeug ist.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Oleh Paedofil
Authors: LAKSANA AGUNG DWI
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pertanggungjawaban kekerasan seksual tehadap anak yang dilakukan oleh paedofil, penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach),pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Kebaruan yang ada dalam penelitian ini adalah mencari pembeda dimana paedofil ini bukan sebagai hal dapat menyebabkan hilangnya kemampuan bertanggungjawab tetapi perlu ada perlakuan khusus untuk menangani kelainan seksual tersebut dan paedofil juga tidak bisa dianggap sebagai sebuah kejahatan murni. Dalam peneltian ini membahas terkait sanksi pelaku kekerasan terhadap anak menurut hukum positif Indonesia yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Menjadi Undang-Undang. Selain itu ada juga membahas terkait pertanggungjawaban pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak oleh paedofil dimana paedofil ditinjau dengan hukum positif Indonesia melalui pasal 44 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Kelainan seksual paedofilia jika dilihat dari pasal 44 KUHP bukan merupakan alasan pelaku yang disebut sebagi paedofil tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban, hal ini dikarenakan dalam pasal ini mengatur terkait kondisi mental keseluruhan manusia, bukan hanya secara khusus mengenai tentang seksual manusia, perlu ada tindak lanjut dari legislator sebagai pembuat undang-undang dan pemerintah sebagai pucuk kepemimpinan negara guna menangani kekerasan seksual terhadap anak. Perlu adanya penelitian ilmiah lebih lanjut untuk benar membuktikan bahwa paedofil tersebut merupakan kelainan yang dapat menggugurkan tanggungjawab atas tindak pidana yang dilakukannya, jika hasil penelitian tersebut menghasilkan bahwa paedofil merupakan sebuah kelainan jiwa maka perlu adanya regulasi dari legislator dan kebijakan dari pemerintah guna menangani paedofil ini karen hukum positif hari ini, dianggap oleh peniliti tidak dapat menyelesaikan kasus kekerasan seksual terhadap anak dan mengakomodir paedofil yang menjadi pelaku.
Waste management practices in a Cultural divergent community in Kaduna, Nigeria.
Authors: Ejike-Alieji Adaeze , Nzeadibe Chidi T
Published: November 2023

lwaste mentgementmentgemencadecade lwaste mentgementmentgemencadecade 
Influence of music of Soviet Russia on Chinese music culture
Authors: Yiqun Jiang
Published: November 2023

Being an important component of world music, Russian musical art not only embodied the spirit and culture of the Russian nation, but at the same time influenced the development of musical culture in many neighboring countries, including China. Starting from the northeastern regions of the PRC, the musical culture of Soviet Russia subsequently spread throughout the country, found a response in the hearts of not only ordinary people, but also members of the government. Soviet music played a positive and stimulating role in the development of Chinese music, not only at the level of creativity, but also at the level of the development of ideological and aesthetic consciousness.
The history of the Russian literature spread in China
Authors: Shuai Luo , Jie Zhang , Na Li
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the historical process of China's acquaintance with the literature of Russian writers and poets. The chronology of the stages of the spread of Russian literature in China is presented. Current trends in the perception of works of Russian literature by the inhabitants of China are identified.
Daily life of Crimea during the reign of P.N. Wrangel (according to memoir sources)
Authors: Davydov Alexander , Podolsky Sergey
Published: November 2023

The authors attempt to evaluate, based on memoir sources, some aspects of the daily life of the people, the army and the ruling elite of the Crimea during the reign of P.N. Wrangel on the peninsula. The study makes an additional contribution to clarifying the question of an alternative, namely, the possibility of continuing the anti-Bolshevik struggle in the Crimea in 1920. The main sources are the memoirs of figures of the anti-Bolshevik movement who were in the Wrangel Crimea. The article identifies the causes of the growing infrastructure crisis that hit the peninsula.
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party: history of creation
Authors: Pogadaev Victor
Published: November 2023

The Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) is, after the ruling United Malays National Organization (UMNO), the most influential political party among the country's Malay population. The party emerged in 1948 as an organization for protecting the interests of students and graduates of Malay Muslim schools. It did not play an independent role in politics, and until 1951 was in solidarity with the UMNO on many issues. PAS continues to be one of the most influential opposition parties in Malaysia. In 2022, the number of party members exceeded one million people.
Managers As Leaders
Authors: Iskndar Riska Aditya Putri
Published: November 2023

Managers As Leaders
Introduction to Organizational Behaviour
Authors: Syahlan Dicka Kumara , Kurniawan Asep
Published: November 2023

Introduction to Organizational Behaviour
RESPONSIBILITY CENTERS: REVENUE AND EXPENSE CENTERS
Authors: Amira Tia
Published: November 2023

Bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan satu atau lebih tugas untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi Korporat Manajemen Senior RC Sasaran Strategi Implementasi strategi.
THE NATURE OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: HARTATI EMALIA
Published: November 2023

Sistem merupakan suatu cara tertentu dan biasanya berulang untuk melaksanakan suatu atau serangkaian aktivitas.
RESPONSIBILITY CENTERS: REVENUE AND EXPENSE CENTERS
Authors: Puspitasari Tiara
Published: November 2023

Pusat PertanggungjawabanBertujuan untuk menyelesaikan satu atau lebih tugas untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi Korporat Manajemen Senior RC Sasaran Strategi Implementasi strategi.
BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION
Authors: Amira Tia
Published: November 2023

Tia Amira_03111200025_BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION
Individual Behavior, Values, and Personality
Authors: Syahlan Dicka Kumara , Kurniawan Asep
Published: November 2023

Individual Behavior, Values, and Personality
MEASURING AND CONTROLING ASSETS EMPLOYED
Authors: Puspitasari Tiara
Published: November 2023

Tujuan Pengukuran Aset yang Dimanfaatkan Memberikan info untuk pembuatan keputusan sehubungan dengan asset yang dimanfaatkan dalam rangka memotivasi manajer untuk membuat keputusan yang baik.
The roles of neural networks in language acquisition
Authors: Portelance Eva , Jasbi Masoud
Published: November 2023

How can modern neural networks like large language models be useful to the field of language acquisition, and more broadly cognitive science, if they are not a priori designed to be cognitive models? As developments towards natural language understanding and generation have improved leaps and bounds, with models like GPT-4, the question of how they can inform our understanding of human language acquisition has re-emerged. As such, it is critical to examine how in practice linking hypotheses between models and human learners can be safely established. To address these questions, we propose a model taxonomy, including four modeling approaches, each having differing goals, from exploratory hypothesis generation to hypothesis differentiation and testing. We show how the goals of these approaches align with the overarching goals of science and linguistics by connecting our taxonomy to the realist vs. instrumentalist approaches in philosophy of science. We survey recent work having adopted each of our modelling approaches and address the importance of computational modelling in language acquisition studies.
Investigasi Beban Kerja Mental Pada Pekerja Mekanik Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Kerja di SUZ Dealer Honda Dumai
Authors: Fitra Fitra , Susanti Lusi , Raimona Zadry Hilma , Firman Firman
Published: November 2023

Dealer Honda SUZ Kota Dumai menjual berbagai produk sepeda motor merk Honda serta melayani perawatan dan servis sepeda motor yang dikerjakan oleh 4 orang mekanik. Waktu standar yang sudah ditetapkan Honda SUZ adalah 75 menit untuk pengerjaan 1 sepeda motor. Rata-rata perhari 1 orang mekanik mampu menyelesaikan lebih kurang 6 sepeda motor namun berdasarkan data yang telah diperoleh 1 orang mekanik menyelesaikan 12 sepeda mDealer Honda SUZ Kota Dumai menjual berbagai produk sepeda motor merk Honda serta melayani perawatan dan servis sepeda motor yang dikerjakan oleh 4 orang mekanik. Waktu standar yang sudah ditetapkan Honda SUZ adalah 75 menit untuk pengerjaan 1 sepeda motor. Rata-rata perhari 1 orang mekanik mampu menyelesaikan lebih kurang 6 sepeda motor namun berdasarkan data yang telah diperoleh 1 orang mekanik menyelesaikan 12 sepeda motor. Pada kondisi tersebut terjadi kelebihan kapasitas pengerjaan pada mekanik. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan pada mekanik seperti kelelahan fisik dan mental sehingga dapat menurunkan produktivitas kerja pada mekanik. Berdasarkan dari permasalahan tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian menggunakan metode Subjective Workload Assesment Technique (SWAT) untuk menganalisa beban kerja mental (time, effort dan stress) pada mekanik. Hasil perhitungan beban kerja mental mekanik 1 aktivitas paling berat adalah servis lengkap dengan nilai 88,5%, mekanik 2 aktivitas paling berat adalah servis lengkap dengan nilai 77,3%, mekanik 3 aktivitas paling berat adalah bongkar mesin dengan nilai 74,5% dan mekanik 4 aktivitas paling berat adalah servis lengkap dengan nilai 86,1%.otor. Pada kondisi tersebut terjadi kelebihan kapasitas pengerjaan pada mekanik. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan pada mekanik seperti kelelahan fisik dan mental sehingga dapat menurunkan produktivitas kerja pada mekanik. Berdasarkan dari permasalahan tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian menggunakan metode Subjective Workload Assesment Technique (SWAT) untuk menganalisa beban kerja mental (time, effort dan stress) pada mekanik. Hasil perhitungan beban kerja mental mekanik 1 aktivitas paling berat adalah servis lengkap dengan nilai 88,5%, mekanik 2 aktivitas paling berat adalah servis lengkap dengan nilai 77,3%, mekanik 3 aktivitas paling berat adalah bongkar mesin dengan nilai 74,5% dan mekanik 4 aktivitas paling berat adalah servis lengkap dengan nilai 86,1%.
An Effect of Giving Snakehead Fish Extract ( Channa striata ) on Albumin, Neutrophil, and Lymphocyte Levels in Hypoalbuminemia Patients
Authors: Mustafa Annasari
Published: November 2023

Background : Hypoalbuminemia is a condition where the albumin level in the blood falls below normal. Hypoalbuminemia is known as a marker of protein energy malnutrition, inflammation, infection, liver disease, kidney disease and postoperative stress. In Indonesia, malnutrition hospital data shows 40-50% of patients have hypoalbuminemia or are at risk of hypoalbuminemia, 12% of them are severe hypoalbuminemia, and the hospitalization period for patients with hospital malnutrition shows 90% longer than patients with good nutrition. Decreased albumin levels can be associated with a decrease in the immune system and slow healing of tissues/wounds due to infection. Neutrophils and lymphocytes whose numbers increase when inflammation occurs. Oral administration of high protein with snakehead fish extract ( Channa striata ) is an alternative treatment for hypoalbuminemia. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of snakehead fish extract (Channa striata) on albumin, neutrophil, and lymphocyte levels in hypoalbuminemic patients. Method: Articles are compiled using a systematic method literature review , involving national and international journals by taking journals through Google scholar, Pubmed, Research Gate, Scient direct. Results: There was an effect of giving snakehead fish extract on albumin levels, neutrophil values, and lymphocyte values in hypoalbuinemic patients and experimental animals. Conclusion: The content of amino acids, albumin, Zn, Fe, Cu and unsaturated fatty acids in snakehead fish ( Ophiocephalus striatus) is quite effective as an effort to increase albumin levels, decrease neutrophil and lymphocyte values when inflammation occurs in hypoalbuminemic patients.

 

Keywords: Channa striata extract , Albumin, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Hypoalbuminemia
Climate Change: Reviewing Indonesia's Compliance with the Paris Agreement on Commitments to Reduce Emissions
Authors: Imawan Riswandha
Published: November 2023

Climate change is a threat to current and future generations. The main cause of climate change is the use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. Amidst the international community's concerns about climate change, the use of fossil fuels has increased, including in Indonesia. This research aims to analyse Indonesia's compliance with the 2015 Paris Agreement. Indonesia as a country that binds itself to the Paris Agreement has a commitment to reduce emissions in an effort to mitigate climate change. This research analysed using regime compliance theory. The research method used is juridical-normative. The results showed that Indonesia complies with the Paris Agreement regime because it fulfils three indicators in the regime compliance theory, namely output, outcome, and impact.
Correlation of Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Atherogenic Coefficient with Cardiovascular Disease Risk assessed by ASCVD Risk Calculator
Authors: Widanagamage Rahal , K.H.M. Silva  , H.A.C.  Ayeshmantha  , K.U.G.D.M. Kariyawasam  , R.A.N.K. Wijesinghe
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of approximately one-third deaths worldwide. Absolute lipid parameters are inadequate in predicting CVD risk and several lipid indices have been introduced namely “Atherogenic index of plasma” (AIP) and “Atherogenic coefficient” (AC). CVD risk of a patient for the upcoming 10 years can be calculated using atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk calculator. Though, this method currently accepts as the gold standard, certain drawbacks have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of AIP and AC with CVD risk estimation for the upcoming 10 years calculated by ASCVD risk calculator. Methods: Hundred and fifty-three patients were recruited for the study. Socio-demographic data were collected through interviewer-based questionnaire. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides values were obtained from the lipid profile test results of the study participants. AIP and AC were calculated using formulas while 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated by ASCVD risk calculator. Results: There was no significant correlation between AIP and 10-year ASCVD risk (p>0.05) and AC and 10-year ASCVD risk (p>0.05), but a significant correlation was observed between AIP and AC (Pearson’s correlation r=0.425, p<0.05). Conclusions: CVD risk of patients should be assessed routinely especially as it is overlooked in most patients presenting normal lipid profile variables, hence the actual risk remains silent unless it is properly investigated using laboratory investigations
Association of selected inflammatory markers and risk factors with pain in patients undergoing cervical or lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Withanage N D , Farook Imrana , Priyankara Rajith , Attanayake Deepal , Dias Pathirana , Athiththan Lohini
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Studies have suggested that radicular pain following disc herniation may be associated with local or systemic inflammatory responses produced in the vicinity of the herniated disc rather than compression of the nerve. Present study assessed the association of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and related risk factors in patients undergoing discectomy following cervical disc herniation (CDH) or lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

Methods

Study recruited 77 patients undergoing discectomy for LDH and CDH. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic, behavioral and occupational data. IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were measured in each individual. IL-6 was analyzed by ELISA method and hs-CRP was determined using auto analyzer. Results were analyzed by using SPSS version 25.0.

 

Results

Significant correlation was not found with serum IL-6 and hs-CRP levels (r=0.02, p˃0.05) for acute and chronic CDH and LDH. Patients with chronic neck or back pain showed significantly (p=0.043) higher IL-6 level compared to patients with acute neck or back pain. Serum hs-CRP level was significantly higher (p=0.048) in patients with acute neck or back pain compared to patients with chronic neck or back pain. Significant association was not observed between; level of physically demanding nature of occupation (p=0.542), duration of occupation (p=0.446), type of exercise (p=0.371), type of sports (p=0.339) and CDH or LDH.

Conclusion

Though significant correlation was not observed between inflammatory markers IL-6, hs-CRP and CDH or LDH. The mean IL-6 was higher in chronic back pain and neck pain patients with LDH and CDH whereas mean hs-CRP mean was higher in acute back pain and neck pain patients. Significant association was not reported between selected known risk factors (behavioral, occupational) and CDH or LDH.
Problems and Methods of Board Level Reliability: Mechanical Shock Testing
Authors: Hernandez Micah R
Published: November 2023

Board level semiconductor reliability testing (BLTT) is a crucial step in the product development life cycle of modern electronics. While the primary focus of semiconductor reliability historically has been to understand the robustness of the solder joint, there are other aspects of the semiconductor package which are also susceptible to failure after the product has been assembled. Despite its overwhelming importance, there is no one centralized resource outlining best practices for conducting BLRT across industries. Fortunately, industry standards do exist. Among them are outlines for conducting tests including temperature cycling, mechanical shock, humidity dwell among others. In this work we present a case study exploring some of the unique challenges and methods associated with conducting BLRT using mechanical shock testing. Namely, we discuss the practical challenges of conducting these tests in the presence of a constant noise source and performing die level failure analysis on components suffering from warpage while back side films (BSFs) are applied as a protective coating on the package.
A Comprehensive Failure Analysis Approach Utilizing High-Resolution Targeted Patterns (HRTP) for ATPG Diagnosis Resolution Improvement, Test Coverage Resolution, and Further Fault Localization
Authors: Estores R. , Barbian E. , Boukhanfra L. , Villareal K. , Sabate A.
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses a comprehensive failure analysis approach to digital failures. High-Resolution Targeted Patterns (HRTP) are highlighted along with their advantages in failure analysis by aiding in Automated Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) diagnoses resolution improvement, increasing the chance of detecting fault not detected by patterns implemented on Automated Test Equipment (ATE), determine a potential test screen, provide stimulus for further fault localization, and increase the analysis success rate. This comprehensive approach and the use of HRTP have proven very helpful in the analysis of internal requests and customer returns. Three cases will be discussed in this paper to highlight these advantages.
Failure Localization Technique for Metal and Transistor Defects Through Avalon CAD Navigation and Focused Ion Beam Circuit Edit
Authors: De Jesus Joana Mae , Acedillo Mark Anthony
Published: November 2023

Failure localization is one of the vital processes in the field of failure analysis. However, as newer fabrication processes emerge and demand for smaller transistors keeps on increasing, the complexity of failure analysis fault isolation involving micro-probing also increases along with the challenges on fault isolation equipment such as limited magnification and susceptibility to vibrations. In this paper, the capability of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) to perform circuit edit was utilized along with Avalon CAD navigation to pinpoint the location of the defects without the need of micro-probing while doing fault isolation. Results showed that through this technique, physical defect locations were successfully identified in three different case studies.
Working Time Prediction and Workflow Mining at Failure Analysis
Authors: Pagliaro Domenico , Pleschberger Martin , Pfeiler Olivia , Freislich Thomas , Schekotihin Konstantin
Published: November 2023

Failure Analysis (FA) uses combinations of a multitude of methods to identify and localize failures in semiconductor devices. The performance or efficiency of a FA lab is often measured by throughput or the total time needed to complete an analysis. These KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) can be optimized, but sequences of executed methods might be long and, therefore, hard to understand and optimize. Processes executed in an ad hoc manner might block each other causing long queues for specific tools and overloading specialists working with them. These and other factors can lead to a significant decrease in lab performance. In this paper, we propose an approach to analyzing FA processes with a focus on Internal Physical Inspection (IPI) jobs. Specifically, we use machine learning and statistical methods to estimate (a) the workflow that engineers follow while completing IPI jobs and (b) the duration of each operation executed in the workflow. Our approach starts with data extraction and preprocessing, aiming at extracting features characterizing the workflow, like the package or technology of a sample, as well as providing information about the complexity of each task, thus, allowing us to predict their duration. The resulting tool allows lab management and team leads to analyze the execution of IPI jobs and optimize them. Moreover, the information provided by the tool can be used in automated scheduling methods providing recommendations to FA engineers about sequences of jobs improving utilization of the lab’s resources.
Electrical Event Capture with an Electron Beam Probing System
Authors: Leslie Neel , Vickers James , Huening Jennifer J , Tom Tong Xianghong , Pardy Patrick
Published: November 2023

With the introduction of flip-chip technology, optical-based failure analysis techniques have played a critical role in many failure analysis (FA) laboratories. This is due to the unhindered access for photons to probe or emit from the transistor layer through the bulk silicon. Among the optical techniques, laser voltage imaging (LVI) and laser voltage probing (LVP), collectively called LVx, dominate because they directly expose the electrical activity of a given circuit or cell.
In-Situ TEM Observation of Tungsten Migration at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Cheon Jisung , Park Yangsun , Kim Minsik , Yoo Hyerim , Oh Eunyeong , Lee Sungho
Published: November 2023

The growing demand for flash memory in the artificial intelligence and big data industries has driven the development of Negative AND (NAND) gates. To increase yield and cost competitiveness, NAND has evolved to stack gates vertically, resulting in vertical NAND (VNAND) technology. However, this advancement has led to challenges, such as high aspect ratio-related difficulties and word line (WL) metal Tungsten (W) substitution process defects. In this study, we investigated Voltage Blocking Oxide Barrier (VBB) defects in VNAND cells under high-temperature conditions using in-situ heating TEM. By artificially creating VBB defect environments within VNAND cells and analyzing structural and chemical changes, we identified VBB defects expression phenomenon caused by residual HF(g) in metal voids during post-metal replacement processes. Our findings offer insights into defect-inducing heat treatment conditions affecting VBB in VNAND devices and propose directions for next-generation NAND flash processes.
The Sulfide Contamination Management in Circuit Probing FAB Clean Room Environment
Authors: Tu Kuan-Jui , Su Frank , Hsieh Wen-Fei , Chen Vincent , Lin Henry , Lou Y.S.
Published: November 2023

Sulfur corrodes silver metal in a continuous reaction. This corrosion is also found in semiconductor industry processes for the application of silver into Backside Grinding & Backside Metal (BGBM). In this paper two experiments were conducted for the sulfide corrosion behavior in a Circuit Probing (CP) clean room environment. They were Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) and clean room environment exposure test. The MFG test of this research was conducted in a testing chamber with temperature, relative humidity, and concentration of H2S were carefully controlled and monitored. The MFG test conditions included the test temperature of 25°C, relative humidity of 75 %, and H2S gas concentration of 10 ppb. And the MFG tests lasted for over 72 hours. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the elements composition and Ag2S film thickness of the MFG test samples. The second test of this research was the direct exposure experiment. The silicon samples deposited with appropriate silver layer thickness were exposed in CP fab clean room environment with H2S concentration well monitored. The XPS analysis results of the corresponding exposure test samples indicated that the Ag2S contamination would continue to develop and wouldn't saturate. This would be indicative for the management of Ag2S contamination control. The results of MFG and Exposure test were help for Ardentec to setup Ag2S corrosion methodology. All the managements were applied into daily operation of the BGBM semiconductor products.
Advanced Axis Correction for Automated Workflow of Vertical Scanning Electron Microscopy Applications
Authors: Lee Jooeun , Jun Kwon Woo , Chang Choi In , Kang Christopher H.
Published: November 2023

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is a valuable tool for measuring Critical Dimensions (CD) of semiconductor devices at the nanometer scale. Vertical SEM application is one of the applications for high accurate CD measurement on cross-sectional surface. Even a slight stage tilt angle change of the vertical sample can impact CD values in nanometer scales of the sample surface features. For accurate CD measurements, it is essential to ensure the sample is positioned correctly to acquire the sample image. However, it is challenging to achieve a perfect alignment with the incident beam direction and the accurate perpendicular direction on the cross-sectional surface on SEM tool. To achieve an ideal vertical positioning of the sample, the combination of the stage tilt axis and stage rotation axis can be used. Exact calculation is required to achieve an accurate CD measurement. In this paper, a calculation method of the tilt angle correction to achieve a perpendicular angle to the surface and its verification method are described. Reliable measurement can be achieved by employing an automated script for compensation. We also demonstrate an approach for highly reliable angle correction and improved metrology results in this paper.
Fractographic Case Studies of Thinning Related Fracture-Patterns in Silicon Chips
Authors: Maynollo Josef
Published: November 2023

The development of modern power semiconductors requires the reduction of the resistance in the on-state of the device. One way to accomplish this is to reduce the bulk silicon thickness. To reach low final Si thicknesses, the grinding processes have to be adapted and optimized and new process-flows, such as dicing before grinding (DBG), must be employed.
Femtosecond Laser Tool for Characterization of Advanced Packages
Authors: Weppelman I.G.C. , Coyle S.T.
Published: November 2023

We introduce a laser tool for producing cross-sectional and block cuts of cubic millimeter dimensions in advanced packages and other samples. PolarisTM is an alternative to mechanical polishing and can create samples of arbitrary shapes including block cut-outs and window cuts. The tool uses a femtosecond laser for ablation to reduce thermal effects on the sample. To further control the sample temperature, the tool can also cut samples that are submerged in water. We show results cutting in advanced packages with minimal damage at high speed, typically greater than 1 mm3/min.
Proposal of Tilt-Axis Adjustment in V-NAND Plan-View without Si Substrate Using Automated Metrology of Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Kim Dong-yeob , Kim Su-yeon , Kwon Woo-jun , Kim Min-kook , Kang Christopher H.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we propose a method to get more accurate metrology data using the tilt-axis on a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to compensate for microscopic tilt-axis changes that occur during focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation processing. This method was developed using V-NAND plan-view samples which require channel hole measurements for each layer to support process monitoring. To test this method, we obtained the same image by progressively tilting the alpha and beta axes one degree in the positive and negative direction using a V-NAND planar sample. The strongest contrast edge was found by contrast profile analysis of each edge of the V-NAND channel using automated software. Through this method, we were able to optimize the sample position and automate the process to capture high quality images to accurately measure V-NAND channel holes. The details are discussed in this paper.
In-Situ Orthogonal TEM Lamella Conversion for Catching Subtle Defects in 3D Transistors of Microprocessor Devices
Authors: Zudhistira Dionaldo , Mun-Yee Ho , Narang Vinod
Published: November 2023

Miniaturization of today’s semiconductor devices and increased complexity of transistor architecture have resulted in gradually shrinking defect sizes. A direct consequence to this is the diminished chance of catching defects in the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) on the initial lamella, prompting the need to convert the TEM lamellas to analyze them from a different angle. In this work, a reliable step-by-step procedure to perform in-situ TEM lamella conversion is detailed. The applicability of the method is successfully validated on defective sub-20nm FinFET samples. Two different initial lamella types –planar and cross-sectional – are featured in the case studies to demonstrate the method’s versatility.
FIB-SEM Tomography Acquisition and Data Processing Optimization for Logic and Memory Structures
Authors: Stegmann Heiko , Laquerre Alexandre
Published: November 2023

Focused-Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography is a high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging method with applications in failure analysis and metrology of semiconductor devices. For the smallest logic and memory structures currently in use, it requires single-digit nanometer 3D resolution. In this resolution range, avoiding distortion artifacts in the data becomes crucial. We present examples and discuss ways to reduce the likelihood of such artifacts during the data acquisition, as well as how to mitigate them in post-processing, and therefore increase the data quality.
Detecting Wafer Level Cu Pillar Defects Using Advanced 3D X-ray Microscopy (XRM) with Submicron Resolution
Authors: Li Susan , Frame John , Madriaga-Berry Edita , Hulog Jose , Zhang Ming , Terada Masako , Gu Allen , Taraci David
Published: November 2023

In this work we present a new defect localization capability on Wafer Level Chip Scale Packages (WLCSP) with small-scale Cu pillars using advanced 3D X-ray microscopy (XRM). In comparison to conventional microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT or microCT) flat-panel technology, the synchrotron-based optically enhanced 3D X-ray microscopy can detect very small defects with submicron resolutions. Two case studies on actual failures (one from the assembly process and one from reliability testing) will be discussed to demonstrate this powerful defect localization technique. Using the tool has helped speed up the failure analysis (FA) process by locating the defects non-destructively in a matter of hours instead of days or weeks as needed with destructive physical failure analysis.
Nondestructive Package Level Fault Isolation of Multichip Power Module
Authors: Low Pui Leng
Published: November 2023

Government regulations focused on reducing carbon footprint are driving the widespread adoption of cleaner and more energy-efficient electric vehicles (EV/HEV). As electric vehicles continue to be adopted widely, the power electronics market has experienced tremendous growth. To achieve better thermal, electrical, and lifetime reliability, novel processes and advanced materials are frequently assessed, incorporating high temperature/pressure conditions. Given the high safety requirements for vehicles, a reliable power electronics construction is critical. The generic trend in power electronics prompts the evaluation of a robust non-destructive failure analysis technique at the component-level. Scanning acoustic tomography (SAT) stands out as one of the most effective nondestructive tools for conducting failure analysis of the semiconductors. This technique proves valuable for visualizing defect characteristics, including their morphology, location, and size distribution prior to any destructive physical testing. Furthermore, SAT also exhibits a remarkable capability to detect delamination at sub-micron levels. In this paper, one of the most prominent methods of SAT, the “Tomographic Acoustic Micro Imaging” (TAMI) is capable to inspect the sample subsurface layer by layer simultaneously with an excellent penetration of the ultrasonic waves while scanning the material surface. The objective of current work is to detect the defect and localize the defect, nondestructively. The choice of methodologies, such as the structure of device under test, transducer selection and gate setting will be elaborated further in further sections.