bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the other side of manichaen differences: on Rogers Brubaker’s understanding nationality
Authors: Filandra Šaćir
Published: November 2023

The aim of this short essay is to present an attempt to redefine conceptual distinction between civic and ethnic nationalism through a Rogers Brubaker’s dissertation, as well as to extend and deepen the publics’ interest in this American author. Brubaker works as a sociology department head at the University of Los Angeles. He has written many books and studies on social theory, ethnicity, citizenship, immigrations, etc. His first book was on rationality in Max Weber’s work. The next one titled Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany (1992) analyzed the dubiousness of making a sharp difference between originating and defining citizenship in the two European nations. In his books Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe (1996) and Ethnicity without Groups (2004) he comparatively analyzed the collapse of multicultural societies and restoring of national states that successfully developed their own theoretical views. His last book Nacionalistička politika I svakodnevni etnicitet u transilvanijskom gradu (2006) has been published by Princeton University Press.
Violence and victimization among age-mates
Authors: Hasanagić Anela
Published: November 2023

The problem of violence among students is becoming more serious and it grips teachers, pedagogues and psychologists all over the world. The prevalence of violence is increasing every day and it assumes even greater negative effects.
Violent behavior can cause many consequences such as: loneliness, depressive quality, sadness, fear, insecurity, low self-confidence and even sickness that stays for life.
Twenty-year-old boys and girls who have been the victims of violent behavior turned out to be more depressed than their age-mates who have not suffered such victimization.
Consequently, it is very important to globally pay attention to this problem rather than at the level of individual schools and classes. Schools have to make a decision regarding the issue of increasing the activities of suppressing violence among age-mates. This decision has to be made in cooperation with parents. Schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina currently do not pay enough attention to this problem unlike our neighbors Croatia and Serbia whose experts have been engaged by this very problem.
Possible approaches to recognizing and preventing this problem are systematic (at school level), classroom-level and individual. For each approach it is important to inform the public what violence is and how it affects an individual, and only then by merging the capacities of parents, teachers and students try and find possible solutions. It is necessary for students as well as teachers and parents to first explain the problem and only then to define punishments for violent behavior and to provide help for victims as well as for abuser.
The results of this project show that it is possible to decrease violence even to eradicate it by long and permanent work with both sides i.e. abusers and victims as well as with parents and teachers. It has already been mentioned that the main problem is treating those issues individually, in this case locally, instead of globally spreading similar activities to all schools. The problem is serious enough and it has quite serious consequences that it should be paid a lot of attention to.
Muhammad Abduhu’s school of reformation and its relation to traditional tafsir
Authors: Halilović Safvet
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the main methodological features of Abduhu’s school of reformation in the field of tafsir, especially its relation to traditional explanation of Qur’an. There is little doubt that this school, despite the critiques, initiated a range of useful things in Islamic world. Its influences to subsequent generations of scholars, throughout the Islamic world, are more than evident. One of the special values is the fact that the school encouraged research and critical thinking in Muslim world.
According to the school, Qur’an is primarily the book of hidayet – instructions, and in its content there should be the key for questions and temptations imposed by dynamics of human life and general progress. It is possible to integrate Islam with modern civilization and for that purpose Abhuhu and his students stress the rational character of Islam. They do it in various ways: they demonstrate that there is no any important impediment to integrating intellect and the Revelation, they emphasize Islamic enlightened viewpoint regarding knowledge (the way Qur’an encourages people to think, meditate and acquire knowledge), they try to purify the religion of irrational and superstitious elements such as magic (sihir), miracle, saint worship cult, etc.
Important characteristics of Abduh’s school of reformation that represent epochal value for contemporary Islamic thought are: the call for reopening door to ijjtihad and leaving the blind taklid, fight against sectarianism, israilijjates, weak and apocryphal hadiths, as well as the desire to free Tafsir of unnecessary technical terms and represent it in the context of modern age.
Functional linguistics developments
Authors: Ništović Hazema
Published: November 2023

With regard to orientation and examining the functional values of linguistic elements the Prague School of Linguistics is known as the School of Functional Linguistics.
Functional linguists derived their advanced theoretical postulates from the famous Kazan school that was founded by two eminent Polish citizens, Jan Baudouin de Courtenay and his disciple Nikolaj Kruszewski. The representatives of this School defined the differences between evolutionary character of linguistic facts and their identification in a certain time section. The ideas of this linguistic circle spread to the USA, and even further. They claimed that language should be studied universally, first synchronically and then diachronically. They stood for the study of language from all aspects: scientific standard and journalese language. Their special attention was paid to the forms of spoken and written language.
Functional linguists considered language to be a system of functionally connected items. A strong influence of Ferdinand de Saussure is reflected here as well as the distribution to phonetic and phonological analysis of sounds where phonemes are broken down to distinctive features.
They believe that for correct understanding of a language system it is necessary to explain the history of a language. This view is against Saussure’s commitment to synchronic description. Prague linguists considered linguistic phenomena coherently, they discovered many problems of language seen as a means of communication among people. From the middle of XX century linguists started to develop the ideas of the Prague Linguistics School paying great attention to syntax, semantics and stylistics of English and Slavic languages.
The Prague School deserves credits for formulating the theory of functional sentence perspective that analyses a sentence as a unity of functionally contrastive constituents. For all this the Prague School is a leading linguistics school in the world.
Importance of age-mate relations for a personality development and the relations difficulties
Authors: Hasanagić Anela
Published: November 2023

Recent researches show that age-mates are an important agent, not only for personality socializing but also for personality development in general. Age-mate relations are unique because they are characterized by equality (that we cannot find in a parent-child or a teacher-child relation) and reciprocity (an individual is influenced by its age-mates and vice versa).
Age-mate relations change according to age function and an individual’s development.
An interest for another children starts at the age of six months when babies watch, coo, and touch each other. But only at the age of three or four they start making friendships. At the preschool period, from two to five, they build up age-mate relations. Only when they are five or six, they like to play with their age-mates without division of labor that would be directed to a common goal (unifying game), or to play in a group that was formed for doing some activity or achieving some goal, with coordinated steps (cooperation game). In their mid-childhood they form groups. The groups are naturally formed by children that live near or go to school together. Adolescence is a period when age-mates have even greater influence because by spending their time with age –mates they achieve their interests. On the other hand age-mates influence interests, attitudes and values of the youth.
Characteristics that make a child desirable or undesirable to another child are similar to those that children hope their friend would have. Children prefer pro-social children who like to play with their age-mates, who smile and offer their toy or help. They reject aggressive children, and they ignore withdrawn and shy children. Desirable preschool children cope well with their anger. They answer directly minimizing further conflicts and keeping up a relationship.
Natural connection between upbringing and education in islamic tradition
Authors: Valjevac Mensur
Published: November 2023

Allah’s revelation through the Qur’an and the Messenger, s.a.w.s., is an inexhaustible sea. In this paper we intended these two sources to be dominant.
In His Revelation Book Allah says that Ibrahim s.a.w.s. asked Him: "Our Lord! send amongst them an Messenger of their own, who shall rehearse Thy Signs to them and instruct them in scripture and wisdom, and sanctify them: For Thou art the Exalted in Might, the Wise."
A similar (favour have ye already received) in that We have sent among you an Messenger of your own, rehearsing to you Our Signs, and sanctifying you, and instructing you in Scripture and Wisdom, and in new knowledge.
Allah did confer a great favour on the believers when He sent among them an apostle from among themselves, rehearsing unto them the Signs of Allah, sanctifying them, and instructing them in Scripture and Wisdom…“
It is He Who has sent amongst the Unlettered an apostle from among themselves, to rehearse to them His Signs, to sanctify them, and to instruct them in Scripture and Wisdom…
The above the Qur’an verses unambiguously explain the inseparability of an upbringing process and education in the Islamic concept of religious upbringing. Those verses set the two to one synthesis of these two processes on behalf of upbringing. First purity was mentioned three times and then teaching, and only once teaching was mentioned first.
The following tradition is about it too. It is said that different deputations of Arab tribes came to Allah’s Messenger, s.a.w.s., and to all of them he talked in their dialects. The ashabs themselves could not understand that. Aliyya ibn Eby Talyb noticed: ¨We can hear that you talk to all the people in their language. Who thought you that? ¨Allah’s Messenger, s.a.w.s., answered: ¨I was raised by my Lord. He it is Who made my upbringing perfect.¨
From the cited traditions we can conclude that Allah’s messenger, s.a.w.s., when asked about teaching set upbringing as a paradigm.
THE CUSTOM HAS POWER OF LAW
Authors: Ramić Šukrija
Published: November 2023

This paper explains one of the five general Shari‘ah legal principles: “The custom has power of law” (El-‘ādetu muhakkemetun) and it sheds some light on the subordinate principles which are subsumed under it. At the beginning of this paper the origin, the point of reference and the meaning of this principle is explained with a special reference to âyats and traditions they are based on. At the end the examples of this principle are presented.
Following the explanation of the general principle, the subordinate principles are pressened and explained along with examples and exceptions.
The paper concludes with an emphasis on the well-foundedness of the legal principles of Shari‘ah on the Book of Revelation, their importance for the mujtahid and the community, especially when it is considered that their objective is to make possible the achievement of common good, for the individual, as well as for the community.
Integrating English Language Teaching (ELT) Into Islamic Boarding Schools: A Review of Strategy and Challenges
Authors: Fitria Tira Nur
Published: November 2023

This research describes English Language Teaching (ELT) strategies and challenges in Islamic Boarding Schools. This research is library research. The analysis shows that teaching English needs a system or method during the implementation. Besides, teaching foreign languages, such as English, faces challenges/difficulties/problems during the implementation. Factors such as teacher education background, enthusiasm level, comprehension of the student's character, and norms applied at Islamic Boarding Schools determine which strategies English teachers implement. Even though teachers attempt to develop their teaching strategies innovatively, stagnant techniques are used to meet students' requirements. By understanding a student's character, teachers can select the most effective method for teaching English. Modern Islamic boarding schools combine traditional and modern systems to prepare students for the challenges of the times. English is used to explore and implement the richness and beauty of Islamic boarding schools' knowledge of knowledge objects and conditions related to this era. English Language Instruction is essential for Pesantren, and it must be well-planned and organized to achieve high-quality English teaching and learning. Foreign languages must be used as the language of everyday life in Islamic boarding schools. The most important details are the teacher's dedication, the students' awareness of learning English, the challenges teachers face in providing modern learning, and the lack of exposure to Arabic. Arabic and English are the priority languages to be taught, as they are essential for understanding the Qur'an, hadiths, and globalization.
Asuhan Kebidanan Komprehensif Pada Ibu Hamil Gangguan Tidur Dengan Melakukan Prenatal Yoga
Authors: Endah Suryani Tri , Zainal Erli
Published: November 2023

Asuhan kebidanan Continuity Of Care (COC) merupakan asuhan kebidanan secara berkesinambungandari hamil sampai dengan keluarga berencana sebagai upaya penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) danAngka Kematian Bayi (AKB). Asuhan yang diberikan bertujuan untuk membantu memantau danmendeteksi kemungkinan timbulnya komplikasi yang menyertai ibu dan bayi. Diagnosa pada kasus iniadalah Ny. “R”, umur 26 tahun, G2P1A0, hamil 21 minggu dengan gangguan tidur, akan diberikan asuhankomprehensif prenatal yoga dari kehamilan sampai KB pasca salin. Pelaksanaan asuhan yang diberikankepada Ny. “R” telah sesuai dengan rencana yang telah ditetapkan, ANC dilakukan sebanyak 4 kalikunjungan rumah, ibu bersalin di PMB secara APN, kunjungan nifas 4 kali dan neonatus 3 kali kunjunganrumah, konseling KB dilakukan di rumah pasien. Hasil asuhan komprehensif pada Ny. R selama kehamilanpada TM II ibu mengalami gangguan susah tidur. Asuhan kehamilan telah dilakukan dengan tindakankomplementer prenatal yoga, selama 1 minggu pertama ibu melakukan prenatal yoga dengan caradidampingi dan hasilnya tidur ibu sudah mulai membaik dan ibu tetap dianjurkan untuk melakukan prenatalyoga secara mandiri. Persalinan berjalan dengan normal didampingi dengan komplementer gymball danprenatal yoga. Asuhan neonatus tidak ditemukan komplikasi, komplementer yang diberikan berupa penkesASI eklusif. Asuhan nifas tidak ditemukan kelainan. Asuhan keluarga berencana telah dilakukan dan ibumemutuskan menjadi asptor KB MAL. Diharapkan setiap ibu hamil dapat mendeteksi dini dan mencegahterjadinya komplikasi pada kehamilannya. Dan bagi pemilik praktik dapat melakukan standar asuhan 10Tpada setip ibu hamil dan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan asuhan di lapangan dan di masyarakat agar dapatmembantu menurunkan AKI dan AKB.
O OLHAR DO ESTADO DIANTE DA FAMÍLIA E DA ADOÇÃO HOMOAFETIVA
Authors: Silva Helainne Santos da , Bernardes Rochele Juliane Lima Firmeza
Published: November 2023

Este artigo aborda o papel do Estado no reconhecimento e regulamentação das famílias homoafetivas e na adoção por casais do mesmo sexo. O estudo analisa a evolução das políticas públicas e da legislação em diferentes países, bem como os desafios e avanços enfrentados nesse contexto. Além disso, explora as implicações dessas políticas para o bem-estar das crianças adotadas por casais homoafetivos e para a promoção da igualdade de direitos. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo analisar a evolução das políticas públicas relacionadas à família homoafetiva e à adoção por casais do mesmo sexo em diversos países. Os objetivos específicos são avaliar os desafios e avanços enfrentados na promoção dos direitos das famílias homoafetivas, examinar as implicações das políticas estatais para o bem-estar das crianças adotadas por casais homoafetivos, compreender o papel do Estado na promoção da igualdade de direitos e na eliminação da discriminação com base na orientação sexual. O presente trabalho trata de uma revisão bibliográfica envolve a consulta de livros, revistas científicas, artigos, sites da Internet e outras fontes relevantes. Os resultados nos mostra a importância do reconhecimento legal e social das famílias formadas por casais do mesmo sexo e fornecendo percepções para a melhoria das políticas públicas nesse sentido.
Kajian Tafsir Nusantara
Authors: Hamzah Idil , Marwati Andi
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the methodology of writing the al-Munir exegesis by Jalaluddin Thaib. The article employs a literature review method, drawing its sources from various literary works (library research). The findings of this research conclude that the al-Munir exegesis is a significant milestone in the history of exegesis in Indonesia. The work of Buya Jalaluddin Thaib represents an intellectual and spiritual treasure for Muslims, especially in Indonesia. Despite its great potential, a deep understanding of both the author and his work is still not widely disseminated. Buya Jalaluddin Thaib, a scholar from Minangkabau, displayed leadership qualities from a young age. His interest in education continued, including writing books for religious schools and establishing the Association of Religious School Teachers (PGSA) in the Minangkabau region. The al-Munir exegesis, authored by Buya Jalaluddin Thaib, aims to help the community understand the meanings and content of the Quran. It was written to facilitate beginners studying the Quran and to assist Muslims in their worship. The unique characteristics of the Al-Munir exegesis, authored by an Indonesian scholar, particularly from the Minangkabau region, offer hope that this valuable manuscript can be effectively managed to enhance access and preserve intellectual richness in Indonesia.

 

Artikel ini mengulas tentang metodologi penulisan tafsir Al-Munir karya Jalaluddin Thaib. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan yang dimana sumber datannya bersumber dari literatur-literatur (library research). Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tafsir Al-Munir merupakan salah satu babak penting dalam sejarah pemikiran tafsir di Indonesia. Karya Buya Jalaluddin Thaib ini merupakan harta intelektual dan spiritual bagi umat Muslim, terutama di Indonesia. Meskipun memiliki potensi yang besar, pemahaman mendalam tentangnya masih belum tersebar luas, baik mengenai pengarangnya maupun karyanya. Buya Jalaluddin Thaib adalah seorang ulama asal Minangkabau yang menunjukkan bakat kepemimpinan sejak usia dini. Minatnya dalam dunia pendidikan terus berlanjut, termasuk dalam penulisan buku untuk pendidikan di sekolah agama, serta pendirian Persatuan Guru-Guru Sekolah Agama (PGSA) se-Minangkabau.Tafsir Al-Munir yang ditulis oleh Buya Jalaluddin Thaib memiliki tujuan untuk membantu masyarakat memahami makna dan kandungan isi Al-Qur'an. Penulisannya bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi pemula yang mempelajari Al-Qur'an serta memudahkan umat Muslim dalam pelaksanaan ibadah. Karakteristik unik dari Tafsir Al-Munir yang ditulis oleh ulama asli Indonesia, khususnya Minangkabau, memberikan harapan bahwa manuskrip berharga ini dapat dikelola dengan baik untuk mempermudah akses dan melestarikan kekayaan intelektual di Indonesia.
Development, intercomparison, and evaluation of an improved mechanism for the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide in the UKCA model
Authors: Cala Ben A. , Archer-Nicholls Scott , Weber James , Abraham N. Luke , Griffiths Paul T. , Jacob Lorrie , Shin Y. Matthew , Revell Laura E. , Woodhouse Matthew , Archibald Alexander T.
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is an important trace gas emitted from the ocean. The oxidation of DMS has long been recognised as being important for global climate through the role DMS plays in setting the sulfate aerosol background in the troposphere. However, the mechanisms in which DMS is oxidised are very complex and have proved elusive to accurately determine in spite of decades of research. As a result the representation of DMS oxidation in global chemistry–climate models is often greatly simplified. Recent field observations and laboratory and ab initio studies have prompted renewed efforts in understanding the DMS oxidation mechanism, with implications for constraining the uncertainty in the oxidation mechanism of DMS as incorporated in global chemistry–climate models. Here we build on recent evidence and develop a new DMS mechanism for inclusion in the UK Chemistry Aerosol (UKCA) chemistry–climate model. We compare our new mechanism (CS2-HPMTF) to a number of existing mechanisms used in UKCA (including the highly simplified three-reactions–two-species mechanism used in CMIP6 studies with the model) and to a range of recently developed mechanisms reported in the literature through a series of global and box model experiments. Global model runs with the new mechanism enable us to simulate the global distribution of hydroperoxylmethyl thioformate (HPMTF), which we calculate to have a burden of 2.6–26 Gg S (in good agreement with the literature range of 0.7–18 Gg S). We show that the sinks of HPMTF dominate uncertainty in the budget, not the rate of the isomerisation reaction forming it and that, based on the observed DMS / HPMTF ratio from the global surveys during the NASA Atmospheric Tomography mission (ATom), rapid cloud uptake of HPMTF worsens the model–observation comparison. Our box model experiments highlight that there is significant variance in simulated secondary oxidation products from DMS across mechanisms used in the literature, with significant divergence in the sensitivity of the rates of formation of these products to temperature exhibited; especially for methane sulfonic acid (MSA). Our global model studies show that our updated DMS scheme performs better than the current scheme used in UKCA when compared against a suite of surface and aircraft observations. However, sensitivity studies underscore the need for further laboratory and observational constraints. In particular our results suggest that as a priority long-term DMS observations be made to better constrain the highly uncertain inputs into the system and that laboratory studies be performed that address (1) the uptake of HPMTF onto aerosol surfaces and the products of this reaction and (2) the kinetics and products of the following reactions: CH3SO3 decomposition, CH3S + O2, CH3SOO decomposition, and CH3SO + O3.
Nitrous acid budgets in the coastal atmosphere: potential daytime marine sources
Authors: Zhong Xuelian , Shen Hengqing , Zhao Min , Zhang Ji , Sun Yue , Liu Yuhong , Zhang Yingnan , Shan Ye , Li Hongyong , Mu Jiangshan , Yang Yu , Nie Yanqiu , Tang Jinghao , Dong Can , Wang Xinfeng , Zhu Yujiao , Guo Mingzhi , Wang Wenxing , Xue Likun
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO), a vital precursor of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH), has been extensively investigated to understand its characteristics and formation mechanisms. However, discerning fundamental mechanisms across diverse environments remains challenging. This study utilizes measurements from Mount Lao, a coastal mountain in eastern China, and an observation-based chemical box model (OBM) to examine HONO budgets and their subsequent impacts on atmospheric oxidizing capacity. The model incorporates additional HONO sources, including direct emissions, heterogeneous conversions of NO2 on aerosol and ground surfaces, and particulate nitrate photolysis. The observed mean HONO concentration was 0.46 ± 0.37 ppbv. The updated model reproduced daytime HONO concentrations well during dust and photochemical pollution events. During dust events, daytime HONO formation was dominated by photo-enhanced heterogeneous reactions of NO2 on aerosol surfaces (> 50 %), whereas particulate nitrate photolysis (34 %) prevailed during photochemical pollution events. Nevertheless, the model uncovers a significant unidentified marine HONO source in a “sea case”, with its HONO production rate reaching up to 0.70 ppbv h−1 at noon. Without considering this unidentified source, an extraordinarily high photolysis coefficient of nitrate and/or a heterogeneous uptake coefficient of NO2 would be required to match observed HONO concentrations. This missing marine HONO source affected the peak O3 production rate and OH radical concentration by 36 % and 28 %, respectively, at the observation site. Given the limited HONO observation data in coastal and marine settings, the unidentified HONO source may cause an underestimation of the atmosphere's oxidizing capacity. This study highlights the necessity for further investigation of the role of HONO in atmospheric chemistry in coastal and marine environments.
Marked recent declines in boron in Baltic Sea cod otoliths – a bellwether of incipient acidification in a vast hypoxic system?
Authors: Limburg Karin E. , Heimbrand Yvette , Kuliński Karol
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Ocean acidification is spreading globally as a result of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, but the Baltic Sea has until recently been thought to be relatively well-buffered by terrigenous inputs of alkalinity from its watershed. We discovered a 3- to 5-fold decline in boron (as B : Ca) in otoliths of eastern Baltic cod (EBC) between the late 1990s and 2021. Examining a time series of EBC otoliths, we found varying levels of B : Ca starting in the 1980s, with the most recent years showing an all-time low for this period. This trend correlates with declines in pH and dissolved oxygen but not with changes in salinity. We examined possible physiological influences on B : Ca by including a collection of Icelandic cod as an “out-group”. Icelandic cod otoliths showed strongly positive correlations of B : Ca with physiologically regulated P : Ca; this was not the case for EBC. Finally, B : Ca in EBC otoliths is negatively correlated, to some extent, with Mn : Mg, a proposed proxy for hypoxia exposure. This negative relationship is hypothesized to reflect the dual phenomena of hypoxia and acidification as a result of decomposition of large algal blooms. Taken together, the otolith biomarkers Mn : Mg and B : Ca in cod suggest a general increase in both hypoxia and acidification within the Baltic intermediate and deep waters in the last decade.
Kelp Forest model development in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment-Transport model (COAWST V3.4)
Authors: Fagundes Matheus , Micheli Fiorenza , Monismith Stephen G. , Valle-Levinson Arnoldo , Woodson C. Brock
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Kelp forests are essential ecosystems in coastal regions around the world. They have large effects on flow structure, biogeochemical processes, and ecological dynamics. However, studies have yet to simulate these ecosystems in either regional ocean or global climate models. Here we describe and validate a model that simulates kelp forests in the water column for the ocean component of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment-Transport model (COAWST V3.3) using a simple yet efficient linear regression approach to simulate kelp canopies. An in-situ dataset of 2-1/2 years, with and without kelp forest coverage around Isla Natividad (Baja CA, MX), allowed model validation for the main tidal constituents. We tested different vegetation drag coefficients and compared simulations with our canopy model against the standard vegetation module in COAWST. Results show that while both models simulate the velocities observed in the in situ dataset reasonably well, our model better represents turbulence kinetic energy through the water column as observed in laboratory experiments. This new kelp model can be helpful in ecology, physics, and biogeochemistry studies.
The emission of CO from tropical rain forest soils
Authors: van Asperen Hella , Warneke Thorsten , Carioca de Araújo Alessandro , Forsberg Bruce , José Filgueiras Ferreira Sávio , Röckmann Thomas , van der Veen Carina , Bulthuis Sipko , Ramos de Oliveira Leonardo , de Lima Xavier Thiago , da Mata Jailson , de Oliveira Sá Marta , Ricardo Teixeira Paulo , Andrews de França e Silva Julie , Trumbore Susan , Notholt Justus
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Soil CO fluxes represent a net balance between biological soil CO uptake and abiotic soil and (senescent) plant CO production. Studies largely from temperate and boreal forests indicate that soils serve as a net sink for CO, but to date uncertainty remains about the role of tropical rain forest soils. Here we report the first direct measurements of soil CO fluxes in a tropical rain forest. We compare with estimates of net ecosystem CO fluxes derived from accumulation of CO at night under stable atmospheric conditions. Further, we used laboratory experiments to demonstrate the importance of temperature on net soil CO fluxes. Net soil surface CO fluxes ranged from -0.19 to 3.36 nmol m-2 s-1, averaging ∼1 nmol CO m-2 s-1. Fluxes varied with season and topographic location, with highest fluxes measured in the dry season in a seasonally inundated valley. Ecosystem CO fluxes estimated from nocturnal canopy air profiles, which showed CO mixing ratios that consistently decreased with height, ranged between 0.3 and 2.0 nmol CO m-2 s-1. A canopy layer budget method, using the nocturnal increase in CO, estimated similar flux magnitudes (1.1 to 2.3 nmol CO m-2 s-1). In the wet season, a greater valley ecosystem CO production was observed in comparison to measured soil valley CO fluxes, suggesting a contribution of the valley stream to overall CO emissions. Laboratory incubations demonstrated a clear increase in CO production with temperature that was also observed in field fluxes, though high correlations between soil temperature and moisture limit our ability to interpret the field relationship. At a common temperature (25 °C), expected plateau and valley senescent leaf CO production was small (0.012 and 0.002 nmol CO m-2 s-1) in comparison to expected soil material CO emission (∼0.9 nmol CO m-2 s-1). Based on our field and laboratory observations, we expect that tropical rain forest ecosystems are a net source of CO, with thermal degradation-induced soil emissions likely being the main contributor to ecosystem CO emissions. Extrapolating our first observation-based tropical rain forest soil emission estimate of ∼1 nmol m-2 s-1, a global tropical rain forest soil emission of ∼16.0 Tg CO yr-1 is estimated. Nevertheless, total ecosystem CO emissions might be higher, since valley streams and inundated areas might represent local CO emission hot spots. To further improve tropical forest ecosystem CO emission estimates, more in-situ tropical forest soil and ecosystem CO flux measurements are essential.
Comment on Franz et al. 2023: A reinterpretation of the 1.5 billion year old Volyn ‘biota’ of Ukraine, and discussion of the evolution of the eukaryotes
Authors: Head Martin J. , Riding James B. , O’Keefe Jennifer M. K. , Jeiter Julius , Gravendyck Julia
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Franz et. al. (Biogeosciences 20, 1901–1924, 2023) report a diverse and three-dimensionally preserved suite of mid-Proterozoic microfossils from miarolotic cavities within the granitic Volyn pegmatite field, a major granitic plutonic complex in NW Ukraine. The biota is dated at between ~1.76 Ga and ~1.5 Ga and includes fungus-like objects. This biota is reported as evidence of organisms living within the continental lithosphere, illuminating part of a ~1.8–0.8 billion year interval of the Proterozoic Eon characterised by relatively low climatic variability and slow biological evolution. We show that at least some of this putative diversity represents modern contamination including plant hairs, a distinctive pollen grain assignable to the extant conifer genus Pinus, and likely later fungal growth. Comparable diversity is shown to exist in modern museum dust, this calling into question whether any part of the Volyn ‘biota’ is biological in origin while emphasising the need for scrupulous care in collecting, analysing, and identifying Precambrian microfossils.
Bayesian extreme value analysis of extreme sea levels along the German Baltic coast using historical information
Authors: MacPherson Leigh Richard , Arns Arne , Fischer Svenja , Méndez Fernando Javier , Jensen Jürgen
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Developed coastlines require considerable investments into coastal protection measures to mitigate the effects of flooding caused by extreme sea levels (ESLs). To maximize the effectiveness of these measures, accurate estimates of the underlying hazard are needed. These estimates are typically determined by performing extreme value analysis on a sample of events taken from tide-gauge observations. However, such records are often limited in duration, and the resulting estimates may be highly uncertain. Furthermore, short records make it difficult to assess whether exceptionally large events within the record are appropriate for analysis or should be disregarded as outliers. In this study, we explore how historical information can be used to address both of these issues for the case of the German Baltic coast. We apply a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo approach to assess ESLs using both systematic tide-gauge observations and historical information at seven locations. Apart from the benefits provided by incorporating historical information in extreme value analysis, which include reduced estimate uncertainties and the reclassification of outliers into useful samples, we find that the current tide-gauge records in the region alone are insufficient for providing accurate estimates of ESLs for the planning of coastal protection. We find long-range dependence in the series of ESLs at the site of Travemünde, which suggests the presence of some long-term variability affecting events in the region. We show that ESL activity over the full period of systematic observation has been relatively low. Consequently, analyses which consider only these data are prone to underestimations.
Rosa del Olmo Prize: Introductory Essay
Authors: Goyes David Rodríguez , South Nigel , Scott John , Creagh Tracy
Published: November 2023

Academic prizes have three problems: they feed an individualist ethos, perpetuate the idea of the ‘marketplace of ideas’ as a fair and even playing field, and build a stereotype of white, Western men as the ultimate knowledge creators. However, prizes can also challenge stereotypes and help democratise knowledge creation by enlarging the visibility of communitarian knowledge creation beyond Western scripts and outside hegemonic masculinities. The International Journal for Crime, Justice, and Social Democracy, committed to cognitive justice, knowledge democratisation, and encouraging voices on the periphery to partake in global academic debate, established the Rosa del Olmo Prize. Seeking to challenge criminological stereotypes about who can create knowledge that contributes to the development of criminology, the Journal honours Venezuelan criminologist Rosa del Olmo (1937-2000) through this award. Rosa symbolises critical, feminist, decolonial criminology working to advance social justice.
Network ethnography: shifting perspectives and approaches to make sense of education governance
Authors: Avelar Marina , Ball Stephen J.
Published: November 2023

In response to the growing internationalisation and privatisation of education provision and governance, education policy research needs new tools and methods. This paper discusses theoretical and methodological adaptations needed to address new forms of governance. To do so, it draws from the literature on governance and policy mobility, and the methodological tools of Network Ethnography (NE) and following policy. Attention is shifted from structures to mobilities, focusing on new configurations of sociallife and relations, which are increasingly “networked”. This responsive and adaptive assemblage of research tactics and techniques addresses both the organisation and processes of network relations in the shifting terrain of new education governance.
WAKTU KEMATIAN KUTU RAMBUT (Pediculus humanus capitis) TERHADAP AIR PERASAN DAUN CENGKEH DAN MINYAK CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum Linn)
Authors: Puspitasari Septi
Published: November 2023

Pedikulosis capitis adalah infeksi yang disebabkan ektoparasit Pediculus humanus capitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah air perasan daun cengkeh dan minyak cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum Linn) memiliki potensi membunuh kutu rambut dan menentukan waktu kematian kutu rambut terhadap air perasan daun cengkeh dan minyak cengkeh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan hewan uji kutu rambut  yang diletakan dalam cawan petri yang berisi air perasan daun cengeh atau minyak cengkeh yang  dialasi dengan kertas saring. Pengujian dilakukan dengan kosentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%. Masing- masing konsentrasi dilakukan dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa air perasan daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum Linn) dapat membunuh kutu kepala dengan waktu kematian 41 menit 7 detik (konsentrasi 25%), 36 menit 15 detik (konsentrasi 50%), 30 menit 15 detik (konsentrasi 75%) dan 27 menit 18 detik (konsentrasi 100%) sedangkan minyak cengkeh dapat membunuh kutu kepala dengan waktu kematian 10 menit 12 detik (konsentrasi 25%), 7 menit 18 detik (konsentrasi 50%), 4 menit 15 detik (konsentrasi 75%) dan 2 menit 19 detik (konsentrasi 100%). Pada konsentrasi 100% minyak cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum Linn) menyebabkan kematian paling cepat dengan rata-rata waktu 2 menit 19 detik.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF REDUCING THE BASICITY OF COALS FROM THE KAA-KHEMSKOYE DEPOSIT BY THE FLOTATION METHOD
Authors: Куликова М.П. , Тас-оол Любовь Хертековна , Патраков Ю.Ф.
Published: November 2023

Проведены предварительные исследования эффективности действия реагентов различного химического состава на снижение параметра основности каа-хемских углей на лабораторной установке флотации.

Preliminary studies have been carried out on the effectiveness of the action of reagents of various chemical compositions on reducing the basicity parameter of Kaa-khem coals in a laboratory flotation unit.
The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Sales Employee's Organizational Commitment in PT X
Authors: Chairul Indri Ramadhani , Bakar Resekiani Mas , Rahmat Abdul
Published: November 2023

Departemen sales menjadi salah satu departemen yang sangat penting untuk menunjang keberhasilan perusahaan karena tugas utama sales adalah mendapatkan konsumen yang dapat memberikan keuntungan secara finansial untuk perusahaan. Karyawan sales diharapkan bekerja lebih keras agar perusahaan dapat selalu unggul diantara kompetitor lainnya. Besarnya tuntutan pekerjaan yang diberikan serta kurangnya dukungan yang diperoleh dari perusahaan membuat beberapa sales tidak dapat bertahan dan memutuskan untuk keluar dari perusahaan. Hal ini mengindikasikan rendahnya komitmen organisasi pada karyawan sales. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh persepsi dukungan organisasi terhadap komitmen organisasi pada karyawan sales di PT X. Responden penelitian ini adalah karyawan sales di PT X cabang Makassar yang telah bekerja lebih dari satu tahun, dengan jumlah 44 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi dan Komitmen Organisasi. Hasil analisis regresi linear menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000. Persepsi dukungan organisasi memberikan pengaruh sebesar 73,7% terhadap komitmen organisasi. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi berupa informasi kepada perusahaan terkait dampak persepsi dukungan organisasi terhadap komitmen organisasi karyawan.
Impact Of Terrorism On International Trade In Pakistan
Authors: Equatora Muhammad Ali , Raja Ganes a/I , Anwar Umar , Saeed Hamid , Hussain Syed Muzaffar
Published: November 2023

International trade means buying and selling of goods and services. Foreign investments boost up economy and it brings lots of opportunities to develop such economy and thus such opportunity develops an economy. The development of such policies brings more investments and trade related opportunities within and outside the boundaries of the countries. This is only possible if the economy is stable because an investor always wants his investments to be safe and secure. Terrorism is a threat that is harming international trade. Due to terrorism trade in Pakistan had suffered a lot and the business opportunities are decreasing our industrialist are shifting towards other countries. Previous researches have concluded that terrorism is a threat that is affecting adversely the global markets and economy as well. The purpose of this research is to find out the impact terrorism is causing to the economy of Pakistan. The paper has also provided recommendations to cope with such threat. The results are extracted by using Microsoft Excel. Regression analysis has been used to identify the relationship between international trade and cost incurred on Terrorism. The results extracted had identified that cost incurred on terrorism have significant impact on international trade. To cope with the problem of terrorism and enhance international trade recommendations will be stated at the end.
The Mediating Effect of Work Engagement in Relation to Technology Readiness Index and Adaptive Performance Among Newly Hired It Employees
Authors: Malek Khadijah Abdul , Shahidan Athifah Najwani , Arshad Muhammad Zulqarnain
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the mediating effect of work engagement in relation to the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) and adaptive performance among newly hired IT employees. In the contemporary workplace, the successful integration of information technology plays a crucial role in organizational performance. As such, understanding the factors that influence the adaptive capabilities of IT employees becomes paramount. The research will adopt a quantitative approach, utilizing a sample of newly hired IT professionals from diverse industries. The implications of these findings will provide valuable insights for organizations seeking to optimize their IT workforce's performance and adaptability. Fostering a work environment that encourages work engagement, coupled with the promotion of technology readiness, can yield a more agile and responsive IT workforce. Further research opportunities exist to explore the interplay between technology adoption, work engagement, and adaptive behaviors in different organizational contexts
Relationship Between Personnel Management Skill And Happiness Index Among Lecturers At Higher Education Institutions In Henan Province, China
Authors: Zhang Zhao
Published: November 2023

The teaching profession has become one of the most stressful jobs, which has a negative impact on the performance of lecturers and their sense of well-being. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of factors related to personnel management skills on the happiness index of teachers in colleges and universities. Teachers’ well-being can promote efficiency, create a positive work climate, and help achieve organizational goals and objectives. By analysing teachers’ happiness index, organizations can guarantee the sustainability of their operations.
The method of this study focuses on the main quantitative methods and studies the relationship between personnel management, personnel training, personnel welfare, personnel performance evaluation, and the teacher happiness index. The survey was conducted among 300 participants to obtain sufficient data for analysis. These data were subjected to descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis with SPSS.
It was observed that there is a strong positive correlation between personnel management and the happiness index. In order to improve the lecturer’s happiness, there is need for personnel performance appraisal. The result indicates that there is positive relation between personnel training and lecturers' happiness index. The interconnectedness among the factors influencing each other has been verified through these statistical tests. The Pearson correlation values for each of the predictors were positive with happiness index. Thus, it is evident that to improve happiness index among the lecturers, it is important to have personnel management skills.
Biochemical compounds and structure evaluation of cocoa liquors from different origins and their derivative chocolates
Authors: CHOW Vivian , SANTOS Paulo Henrique , TORRES Rosângela , MANCINI FILHO Jorge , LANNES Suzana
Published: November 2023

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) varieties have distinct characteristics that interfere with the quality of the chocolate produced. Cocoa liquors from Brazil and Peru were analyzed for bioactive compounds and physicochemical values, and dark chocolates were produced, evaluating their physical and physicochemical properties. Brazilian organic liquor showed higher phenolic content (4,403.63 mg GAE/100 g sample) and antioxidant activity (143.56 µg Trolox equivalent/g sample). Peruvian liquor cocoa butter has more palmitic acid (29.30%) and less stearic acid (32.92%), in the lower limit to oleic acid (32.92%) and the upper limit to linoleic acid (3.73%), and showed a higher content of saturated fatty acids (63.35%) and a lower content of monounsaturated acids (32.92%). Cocoa butter from organic liquor presented lower content of palmitic acid (24.01%), average stearic (34.71%) and oleic acids (35.81%), and higher content of linoleic acid (4.32%) and polyunsaturated acids (4.32%). Peruvian liquor showed higher melting point. Brazilian alkalized, organic liquors, and chocolates melting points showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). The caramelization and carbonization points of all liquors did not show statistical differences (p > 0.05), as well as the caramelization point of all chocolates. The carbonization point was different (p < 0.05) for all chocolates. The chocolates were stable in terms of structure during storage, demonstrating the suitability for industrial production.
Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Pemasaran Digital dan Pengelolaan Keuangan Bagi Pelaku UMKM di BUMDes Desa cikolelet, Kab. Serang – Banten
Authors: Komala Dewi Nita , Widyastuti Tri , Suminar S Ratna
Published: November 2023

Pemahaman mengenai pengelolaan UMKM dari segi pemasaran produk dan pembuatan laporan keuangan oleh para pelaku UMKM khususnya di BUMDes Desa Cikolelet, Kab.Serang – Banten masih manual dan tradisional begitu juga dalam perencanaan keuangan yang belum tersusun secara benar. Untuk itu, tim dosen dari Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya mengadakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan tujuan yakni memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada para pelaku UMKM yang berada dibawah naungan BUMDes Desa Cikolelet Kab.Serang Banten mengenai pengelolaan manajemen UMKM dari pemasaran produk, penerapan perencanaan keuangan, dan laporan keuangan. Metode yang diberikan kepada peserta berupa pelatihan dan pendampingan berupa ceramah dan pelatihan singkat sesuai dengan permasalah yang dialami mitra. Kegiatan abdimas ini dilaksanakan melalui pertemuan zoom meeting dikarenakan kondisi yang tidak memungkinan untuk dilaksanakan secara langsung. Hasil dari kegiatan yakni peserta sangat antusias dalam menerima materi yang disampaikan oleh para narasumber. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat berkelanjutan bisa bersaing dan mampu meningkatkan kontribusi ekonomi kreatif terhadap perekonomian di desa cikolelet.