bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convection Permitting Regional Climate Modelling Over the Carpathian Region
Authors: Torma Csaba Zsolt , Giorgi Filippo
Published: September 2024

A preliminary analysis of the performance of the latest version of the RegCM regional modelling system, RegCM5, run at a convection permitting resolution (2 km) over the Carpathian Basin is presented for the following years: 1980, 2006, 2008 and 2010. The performance of the model is assessed using various statistics of surface air temperature and precipitation against the CARPATCLIM high-resolution observational dataset and the ERA5 reanalysis, which also provides the driving field for the simulations. While the model performs generally well, it exhibits a warm bias over the Hungarian lowlands during the warm season and a wet (dry) bias over the mountain chains (flat regions) within the basin. The model also shows a strong orographic forcing of precipitation. In general, RegCM5 has a systematic positive precipitation bias over mountainous regions, which can also be attributed to the relatively low station density of the observation network. The high-resolution model adds value especially for simulating medium to high-intensity precipitation events. Our preliminary experiments provide encouraging indications towards the applicability of RegCM5 to the Carpathian region. Future work will include testing the model with different physics configurations and longer simulations and applying the model to climate change studies over the Carpathian Basin.
What Instagram Means to Me: Links Between Social Anxiety, Instagram Contingent Self-worth, and Automated Textual Analysis of Linguistic Authenticity
Authors: Brandao Beatriz M. , Denny Bryan T.
Published: September 2024

While research has shown mixed effects of social media on mental health and well-being, little is known about the association between social media attitudes and objective measures of social interaction, such as linguistic authenticity. This study examined the relationship between self-reported social anxiety, linguistic authenticity, and Instagram contingent self-worth (ICSW). A total of 149 adults with active Instagram accounts completed online questionnaires and shared their Instagram comment data. Automated linguistic analysis of authenticity was performed on participants’ comment data using validated algorithms. Multiple linear regression showed that ICSW significantly moderated the relationship between social anxiety and linguistic authenticity, whereby higher levels of social anxiety marginally predicted lower linguistic authenticity at high levels of ICSW. As social media use continues to rise, this study emphasizes the need to explore the impact of social media interactions on emotional and social well-being.
A study on the changes of cultural and educational facilities in Dali City during the Ming and Qing dynasties
Authors: Bai Xiaohe , Xu Dailing , Sun Xiaoli
Published: September 2024

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the central government implemented a policy of Bureaucratization of Native Officers, in order to develop and consolidate the integration of frontier with the mainland. Through the gradual construction of cultural and educational facilities, appointed officials were able to achieve the political goal of ideological integration with the Central Plains in the frontier society. Taking the construction of cultural and educational facilities as a starting point, this article attempts to explore the relationship between urban development, power change and cultural identity in Dali City from four aspects: the number of facilities, scale regulation, spatial form and functional structure. Shows that: (1) In basic education facilities, charitable schools replaced village schools, and New-type schools gradually increased and showed decentralised distribution, making Confucianism available to a wider audience. (2) The scale of the main educational facilities had expanded and the regulation has improved, gradually showing a concentrated distribution. And due to the formation of functional zoning, cultural and educational facilities occupy a more central and prominent landscape position in Dali City. (3) Influenced by the Confucian culture of Central Plains, the number of imperial examinations gradually increased, and the social life of Dali City changed. Dali City gradually converged with the Central Plains, and the local people's sense of cultural identity with the Central Plains deepened, strengthening the central government's rule over the border areas.
A combined active control method of restricted nonlinear model and machine learning technology for drag reduction in turbulent channel flow
Authors: Han Bing-Zheng , Huang Wei-Xi , Xu Chun-Xiao
Published: September 2024

The practical implementation of machine learning in flow control is limited due to its significant training expenses. In the present study the convolutional neural network (CNN) trained with the data of the restricted nonlinear (RNL) model is used to predict the normal velocity on a detection plane at

$y^+=10$

in a turbulent channel flow, and the predicted velocity is used as wall blowing and suction for drag reduction. An active control test is carried out by using the well-trained CNN in direct numerical simulation (DNS). Substantial drag reduction rates up to 19 % and 16 % are obtained based on the spanwise and streamwise wall shear stresses, respectively. Furthermore, we explore the online control of wall turbulence by combining the RNL model with reinforcement learning (RL). The RL is constructed to determine the optimal wall blowing and suction based on its observation of the wall shear stresses without using the label data on the detection plane for training. The controlling and training processes are conducted synchronously in a RNL flow field. The control strategy discovered by RL has similar drag reduction rates with those obtained previously by the established method. Also, the training cost decreases by over thirty times at

$Re_{\tau }=950$

compared with the DNS-RL model. The present results provide a perspective that combining the RNL model with machine learning control for drag reduction in wall turbulence can be effective and computationally economical. Also, this approach can be easily extended to flows at higher Reynolds numbers.
Predictive near-wall modelling for turbulent boundary layers with arbitrary pressure gradients
Authors: Yang Xiang I.A. , Chen Peng E.S. , Zhang Wen , Kunz Robert
Published: September 2024

The mean flow in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) deviates from the canonical law of the wall (LoW) when influenced by a pressure gradient. Consequently, LoW-based near-wall treatments are inadequate for such flows. Chen et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 970, 2023, A3) derived a Navier–Stokes-based velocity transformation that accurately describes the mean flow in TBLs with arbitrary pressure gradients. However, this transformation requires information on total shear stress, which is not always readily available, limiting its predictive power. In this work, we invert the transformation and develop a predictive near-wall model. Our model includes an additional transport equation that tracks the Lagrangian integration of the total shear stress. Particularly noteworthy is that the model introduces no new parameters and requires no calibration. We validate the developed model against experimental and computational data in the literature, and the results are favourable. Furthermore, we compare our model with equilibrium models. These equilibrium models inevitably fail when there are strong pressure gradients, but they prove to be sufficient for boundary layers subjected to weak, moderate and even moderately high pressure gradients. These results compel us to conclude that history effects in mean flow, which negatively impact the validity of equilibrium models, can largely be accounted for by the material time derivative term and the pressure gradient term, both of which require no additional modelling.
Less is more: modelling polymers in turbulent flows
Authors: Ching Emily S.C.
Published: September 2024

Adding polymers to turbulent Newtonian fluid flows can have dramatic effects. A well-known example is a significant drag reduction by flexible polymers in turbulent wall-bounded flows. In numerical studies of polymer drag reduction, polymers are often modelled as dumbbells of two beads connected by a finitely extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE) spring. There are natural queries whether this highly simplified coarse-grained model is adequate for describing a polymer macromolecule in turbulent flows. By carrying out Eulerian–Lagrangian simulations of polymers, described by different models, in a turbulent pipe flow, Serafini et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 987, 2024, R1) have demonstrated that the FENE dumbbell model can accurately capture polymer extension statistics as compared with the realistic Kuhn chain model. Their work further reveals the surprising result that increasing the number of beads in a FENE chain worsens its accuracy in characterizing polymer spatial conformations at large Weissenberg numbers.
Net spanwise flow induced by symmetry-breaking streamwise homogeneous surfaces
Authors: Zhdanov Oleksandr , Busse Angela
Published: September 2024

The influence of symmetry-breaking effects of ridge-type roughness on secondary currents in turbulent channel flow is investigated using direct numerical simulations. The ridges have triangular cross-section, which is systematically varied from isosceles to right-angled triangle, introducing an imbalance to the slopes of the ridges’ lateral surfaces while the streamwise homogeneity of the surfaces is maintained. In all cases, secondary current vortices are produced, but asymmetric ridge cross-sections break the symmetry of these vortices. As a result of the asymmetry-induced misalignment and imbalance in the secondary current vortices, net spanwise flow emerges. The magnitude of the spanwise flow increases with the slope ratio of the ridge lateral surfaces and significantly modifies the mean flow topology, leading to the merging of critical points in the case of the right-angled triangular ridge shape. Within the cavities, the net spanwise flow is accompanied by a non-zero mean spanwise pressure gradient, while from the perspective of the outer flow, the scalene ridge surfaces have a similar effect as a wall that is slowly moving in the spanwise direction. Overall, the present results suggest the existence of a special type of Prandtl's secondary currents of the second kind, namely those that result in net spanwise flow.
Reflections on ‘Have we lost sleep?’
Authors: Ekirch A. Roger
Published: September 2024

The article, ‘Have we lost sleep? A reconsideration of segmented sleep in early modern England’, Medical History, 67, 2 (2023), 91–108, by Niall Boyce is devoted to criticising my historical research pertaining to 1) the predominance of segmented sleep in the pre-industrial Western world and 2) the nineteenth-century transition of sleep to today’s pattern of continuous slumber that most people in modern societies seek to achieve, albeit not always successfully. This response addresses Boyce’s reinterpretation of the evidence and indicates whether this is erroneous or selective. My analysis thereby reasserts the predominance of segmented sleep in pre-modern Western Europe. Boyce’s assessment rests not on his original investigation of primary sources but on my first study relating to segmented sleep, published in 2001. Not least of the flaws of ‘Have We Lost Sleep?’ is its surprising inattention to my subsequent works that have expanded, modified, and bolstered this initial publication.
The first recorded outbreak of epidemic dropsy, 1877–80: Climate, empire, and colonial medical science between India, Bengal, and Mauritius
Authors: Deerpaul Yadhav , Springer Alexander , Gooding Philip
Published: September 2024

This article reconstructs the first outbreak of epidemic dropsy recorded in documentary evidence, which occurred in Calcutta, Mauritius, and northeastern India and Bengal in 1877–80. It uses current medical knowledge and investigations into the wider historical contexts in which the epidemic occurred to re-read the colonial medical literature of the period. It shows that colonial policies and structures in the context of variable enviro-climatic conditions increased the likelihood that an epidemic would break out, while also increasing the vulnerability of certain populations to infection and mortality. Additionally, it shows how the trans-regional nature of the epidemic contributed to varying understandings of the disease between two colonial medical establishments, which influenced each other in contradictory ways. The article’s core contributions are to recent trans-regional perspectives on disease transmission and colonial medical knowledge production in the Indian Ocean World.
Isolating the Effect of Social Risk on MNEs’ CSR Reporting: A New Approach Based on China's Belt & Road Initiative
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhu Limin , He Wenlong , Tong Tony W.
Published: September 2024

This article highlights CSR disclosure as a strategic response of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) to the social risk they face in host countries. Deviating from prior research that aims to directly measure social risk, we offer a new approach to isolate the effect of social risk by leveraging China's Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) as the research context, under which Chinese MNEs are largely protected from political risk in membership countries but are exposed to substantial social risk from local nongovernment stakeholders. Results from difference-in-differences analyses show that after the enactment of the BRI, Chinese MNEs investing in BRI countries significantly increases their likelihood of CSR disclosure than that of their counterparts investing in non-BRI countries. Further, such effects are more pronounced for state-owned MNEs and MNEs in natural resource industries. This research enriches the international business literature on the relationship between political risk and social risk, and that between corporate political actions and corporate social responsibility.
The Effect of Russia's Invasion of Ukraine on Non-Human Animals: International Humanitarian Law Perspectives
Authors: Pipia Saba
Published: September 2024

Since Russia's full-scale aggression against Ukraine, there have been thousands of instances of civilian casualties, damage to the natural environment and cultural property, destruction of buildings and infrastructure, blockading of ports, siege, capturing installations containing dangerous forces, and other consequences that accompany hostilities. In addition to the fatalities related to humans (civilians and combatants alike) and their property or environment, the war in Ukraine has also accounted for non-human tolls – namely, the destruction of animals or damage to their habitats.

The primary objective of this article is to study three patterns of animal suffering documented during Russia's invasion of Ukraine: (i) targeting zoos and killing zoo animals; (ii) extermination of the Black Sea dolphin population; and (iii) eating pigeons or other pets in besieged localities, and to analyse these patterns in the light of applicable rules of international humanitarian law (IHL).

The idea of this research is to underline that war can have a significant effect on various categories of animals, and Russia's invasion of Ukraine is just another example of this. The article also discusses how, and the extent to which international law can provide protection for animals in armed conflict, and whether there are any gaps in the applicable IHL rules related to the protection of animals.
The Night of the Proletarian Families: Child Labor, Compulsory Education, and the Making of the Working Class around 1830
Authors: Ruoss Matthias
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes a period when public officials withdrew children from the labor market and assigned them to the school system. While existing research delves into the reasons behind this process, focusing on sociopolitical reforms, economic factors and changing concepts of childhood, there is limited understanding of how working-class families responded. The article aims to fill the gap by examining the social impact on families when their children were barred from factory work by political-administrative authorities, shedding light on class formation and political subjectivation. Inspired by Jacques Rancière’s book Proletarian Nights the article specifically investigates the Swiss canton of Aargau, where the clash between industrial child labor and liberal school reforms around 1830 provides a unique perspective. The conflict prompted the mobilization of proletarian families, compelling them to organize, unite politically and collectively advocate for their children to rejoin the labor market.
Dealing with dangerous abundance: Towards post-growth International Relations
Authors: Hasselbalch Jacob , Kranke Matthias
Published: September 2024

Even though International Relations (IR) research increasingly recognises the unprecedented urgency of environmental degradation and the resulting ecological injustices, only few IR scholars have probed into the role of economic growth as a fundamental driver of global unsustainability. We level two critiques at the field of IR from a post-growth perspective. First, most IR theories are complicit in naturalising economic growth as a fundamental condition of global order. Second, IR scholarship has neglected to engage seriously with post-growth thinking. What happens when we start to question the background economic assumptions of the current international system? How might a global politics of post-growth challenge and enrich IR and environmental politics? This Editors Forum brings together a diverse group of scholars from across the globe to reflect on these pertinent questions. As a whole, the Forum begins to address the complicity and neglect critiques. To varying degrees, each contribution considers what IR can learn from post-growth research (both conceptually and empirically), and vice versa. In this introductory article, we set the stage for such an engagement by reviewing an interdisciplinary body of relevant work and synthesising the key contributions from a total of seven Forum articles.
Design of a robotic gripper for casting sorting robots with rigid–flexible coupling structures
Authors: Wang Cheng-jun , Cheng Biao
Published: September 2024

In order to solve the problem of the insufficient adaptability of the current small- and medium-sized casting sorting robot gripper, we have designed a casting sorting robot bionic gripper with rigid–flexible coupling structures based on the robot topology theory. The second-order Yeoh model was used to statically model the clamping belt in the gripper to derive the relationship between the external input air pressure and the bending angle of the driving layer, and the feasibility of multiangle bending of the driving layer was verified by finite element analysis. The maximum gripping diameter of the gripper is 140 mm, and in order to test the adaptive gripping ability of the gripper, a prototype of the casting sorting robot gripper is prepared, and the pneumatic control system and human–machine interface of the gripper are designed. After several experimental analyses, the designed casting sorting robot gripper is characterized by strong adaptability and high robustness, with a maximum load capacity of 930 g and a maximum wrap angle of 296°, which can complete the gripping operation within 1 s, and the comprehensive gripping success rate reaches 96.4%. The casting sorting robot gripper designed in the paper can provide a reference for the design and optimization of various types of shaped workpiece gripping manipulators.
Catholics And International Peace
Authors: Todd John M.
Published: September 2024

Integrity, Integration—such words indicate the needs of our age. They are needs which now affect humanity as a whole. All mankind needs to be integrated into the unity which it potentially is. Failure to achieve this integration involves the danger of destruction of large parts of humanity. St Augustine's definition of peace still holds good. It is ‘the tranquillity of order'.

This problem of integration hinges on another problem of integration, the integration which involves the incarnation of the spiritul life in the material life. Disintegration is the disease of our time, the converse of that specialisation and expertise Which to some extent cannot be avoided. Men tend to be divided up into those who try to solve humanity's prob lems on a spiritual level, who pray about them, and live a relatively secluded life, and on the other hand those men who try to work on a solely material level, who live a relatively active life, working in the social, political, econo- mic and similar spheres.
Psychology and Religious Vocation
Authors:   ‘Medicus’
Published: September 2024

Readers of the Life of the Spirit have good reason to be grateful to
Père M. J. Nicolas, O.P. for his fine exposition of ‘The True Basis of
Religious Life’. At the beginning of his article he raises one of the most
difficult problems facing religious orders at the present day. He is acutely
conscious of the difficulties that modern temperaments have in adapting
themselves to the traditional system of religious life with its discipline
and restraints, particularly in the older and the strictly enclosed Orders.
With great sympathy and frankness he recognises that these difficulties have
to be faced both from the point of view of aspirants themselves and that of
Superiors who try to help them.

Père Nicolas considers the problem first as one of health. Since the
Editor has invited discussion, perhaps some comments may be permitted from a
medical and especially a psychological point of view.

Health, in its narrowest sense, is not in question; freedom from serious
bodily and mental disease is of course essential. It is rather a question of
temperament, character and psychophysical constitution.
Hallowed Be Thy Name . . .
Authors: Steuart R. H. J.
Published: September 2024

Hallowed be thy name. Hallowed—a Saxon word meaning ‘Blessed, honourable, held holy'. May thy name then be blessed: may it be held holy:'may it be adored. Our prayer should not be all prayer of petition, all self-regarding; we should have some prayer of adoration, prayer just about God. The book of the Apocalypse gives us a description of this kind of prayer where it says, ‘And there was silence in heaven for about the space of half-an-hour'. Is there enough of this prayer in my life? This is the one thing necessary.
Late Postclassic Lowland Maya politico-ritual architecture: Temple assemblages and Zacpeten
Authors: Rice Prudence M. , Rice Don S. , Pugh Timothy W.
Published: September 2024

Late Postclassic lowland Maya civic-ceremonial masonry architecture appears in two main configurations—temple assemblages and basic ceremonial groups—first identified at Mayapan. Around the Peten lakes, these two architectural complexes have been tied to northern immigrant Kowojs and Itzas, respectively, and their distributions map the varying control over the lakes by these two ethnopolities. Temple assemblages exhibit considerable variation in their structural components and arrangements throughout the lowlands, but they have not been studied comparatively. Here, we examine 14 temple assemblages at 12 lowland sites. We consider one of the two assemblages at Zacpeten (Sak Peten), Group A, to have been built by Kowojs, who asserted their identity and earlier (Late/Terminal Classic) ties to the site by reusing carved monuments. “Blended” assemblage Group C is more difficult to parse, but reflects cosmo-calendrical principles of statecraft and the builders’ and users’ broader ties to Mayapan and Topoxte.
Are paediatric cardiology textbooks obsolete in the current digital era?
Authors: Kim Michael E. , Tretter Justin T. , Anderson Robert H. , Spicer Diane E. , Penny Daniel J. , Kumar R. Krishna , McMahon Colin J.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

With the rise of online references, podcasts, webinars, self-test tools, and social media, it is worthwhile to understand whether textbooks continue to provide value in medical education, and to assess the capacity they serve during fellowship training.

Methods:

A prospective mixed-methods study based on surveys that were disseminated to seven paediatric cardiology fellowship programmes around the world. Participants were asked to read an assigned chapter of Anderson’s Pediatric Cardiology 4th Edition textbook, followed by the completion of the survey. Open-ended questions included theming and grouping responses as appropriate.

Results:

The survey was completed by 36 participants. When asked about the content, organisation, and utility of the chapter, responses were generally positive, at greater than 89%. The chapters, overall, were rated relatively easy to read, scoring at 6.91, with standard deviations plus or minus 1.72, on a scale from 1 to 10, with higher values meaning better results. When asked to rank their preferences in where they obtain educational content, textbooks were ranked the second highest, with in-person teaching ranking first. Several themes were identified including the limitations of the use of textbook use, their value, and ways to enhance learning from their reading. There was also a near-unanimous desire for more time to self-learn and read during fellowship.

Conclusions:

Textbooks are still highly valued by trainees. Many opportunities exist, nonetheless, to improve how they can be organised to deliver information optimally. Future efforts should look towards making them more accessible, and to include more resources for asynchronous learning.
Patient comfort with sexual orientation and gender identity questions in adult congenital cardiology clinics
Authors: Cook Stephen C. , Deb Brototo , Pastor Tony , Hobson Clare , Walsh Kaitlyn , Ofner Susan , Salciccioli Katherine , Gonzalez Vincent , Reardon Leigh C. , Carazo Matthew
Published: September 2024

Background:

Lack of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data creates barriers for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people in health care. Barriers to SOGI data collection include physician misperception that patients do not want to answer these questions and discomfort asking SOGI questions. This study aimed to assess patient comfort towards SOGI questions across five quaternary care adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) centres.

Methods:

A survey administered to ACHD patients (≥18 years) asked (1) two-step gender identity and birth sex, (2) acceptance of SOGI data, and (3) the importance for ACHD physicians to know SOGI data. Chi-square tests were used to analyse differences among demographic groups and logistic regression modelled agreement with statement of patient disclosure of SOGI improving patient–physician communication.

Results:

Among 322 ACHD patients, 82% identified as heterosexual and 16% identified as LGBTQ+, across the age ranges 18–29 years (39.4%), 30–49 years (47.8%), 50–64 years (8.7%), and > 65 years (4.0%). Respondents (90.4%) felt comfortable answering SOGI questions. Respondents with bachelor’s/higher education were more likely to “agree” that disclosure of SOGI improves patient–physician communication compared to those with less than bachelor’s education (OR = 2.45; 95% CI 1.41, 4.25; p = .0015).

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that in this largely heterosexual population, SOGI data collection is unlikely to cause patient discomfort. Respondents with higher education were twice as likely to agree that SOGI disclosure improves patient–physician communication. The inclusion of SOGI data in future studies will provide larger samples of underrepresented minorities (e.g. LGBTQ+ population), thereby reducing healthcare disparities within the field of cardiovascular research.
Standpipes, Chimmeys, and Memorialization in the Caribbean
Authors: Smith Faith
Published: September 2024

In this essay I read debates about amenities of water and waste in the British Caribbean in the late and immediate post-Victorian period through histories of intimacy and kinship centered in fiction by Caribbean writers of the last twenty years. In these novels and short stories, collecting water at a stream or a standpipe or emptying a chamber pot are actions that produce or recall moments of desire and aspiration, shame and punishment, in storylines that move between a past of enslavement and indentureship in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and a present of political and psychological stasis or upheaval in the 1950s, 1970s, or the early twenty-first century. Nineteenth-century discussions about fire hydrants or standpipes index a British Caribbean colony's evolving landscape of modernization and the disagreements about what shape and speed this process should take, and recent fiction allows us to discern how these amenities inherit and bequeath associations of trauma.
GEOMETRY OF CLAIRAUT CONFORMAL RIEMANNIAN MAPS
Authors: MEENA KIRAN , SHAH HEMANGI MADHUSUDAN , ŞAHIN BAYRAM
Published: September 2024

This article introduces the Clairaut conformal Riemannian map. This notion includes the previously studied notions of Clairaut conformal submersion, Clairaut Riemannian submersion, and the Clairaut Riemannian map as particular cases, and is well known in the classical theory of surfaces. Toward this, we find the necessary and sufficient condition for a conformal Riemannian map

$\varphi : M \to N$

between Riemannian manifolds to be a Clairaut conformal Riemannian map with girth

$s = e^f$

. We show that the fibers of

$\varphi $

are totally umbilical with mean curvature vector field the negative gradient of the logarithm of the girth function, that is,

$-\nabla f$

. Using this, we obtain a local splitting of M as a warped product and a usual product, if the horizontal space is integrable (under some appropriate hypothesis). We also provide some examples of the Clairaut conformal Riemannian maps to confirm our main theorem. We observe that the Laplacian of the logarithmic girth, that is, of f, on the total manifold takes the special form. It reduces to the Laplacian on the horizontal distribution, and if it is nonnegative, the universal covering space of M becomes a product manifold, under some hypothesis on f. Analysis of the Laplacian of f also yields the splitting of the universal covering space of M as a warped product under some appropriate conditions. We calculate the sectional curvature and mixed sectional curvature of M when f is a distance function. We also find the relationships between the total manifold and the fibers being symmetrical and, in particular, having constant sectional curvature, and from there, we compare their universal covering spaces, if fibers are also complete, provided f is a distance function. We also find a condition on the curvature tensor of the fibers to be semi-symmetric, provided that the total manifold is semi-symmetric and f is a distance function. In turn, this gives the warped product of symmetric, semi-symmetric spaces into two symmetric, semi-symmetric subspaces (under some hypothesis). Also if the Hessian or the Laplacian of the Riemannian curvature tensor fields is zero, or has a harmonic curvature tensor, then the fibers of

$\varphi $

also satisfy the same property, if f is also a distance function. By obtaining Bochner-type formulas for Clairaut conformal Riemannian maps, we establish the relations between the divergences of the Ricci curvature tensor on fibers and horizontal space and the corresponding scalar curvature. We also study the horizontal Killing vector field of constant length and show that they are parallel under appropriate hypotheses. This in turn gives the splitting of the total manifold, if it admits a horizontal parallel Killing vector field and if the horizontal space is integrable. Finally, assuming that

$\nabla f$

is a nontrivial gradient Ricci soliton on M, we prove that any vertical vector field is incompressible and hence the volume form of the fiber is invariant under the flow of the vector field.
KRONECKER COEFFICIENTS FOR (DUAL) SYMMETRIC INVERSE SEMIGROUPS
Authors: MAZORCHUK VOLODYMYR , SRIVASTAVA SHRADDHA
Published: September 2024

We study analogues of Kronecker coefficients for symmetric inverse semigroups, for dual symmetric inverse semigroups and for the inverse semigroups of bijections between subquotients of finite sets. In all cases, we reduce the problem of determination of such coefficients to some group-theoretic and combinatorial problems. For symmetric inverse semigroups, we provide an explicit formula in terms of the classical Kronecker and Littlewood–Richardson coefficients for symmetric groups.
Impacts of Local Circulations on Ozone Pollution in the New York Metropolitan Area: Evidence From Three Summers of Observations
Authors: Luo Huiying , Lu Cheng‐Hsuan
Published: September 2024

Elevated surface ozone levels are often detected in the New York metropolitan area during summertime. Moreover, surface ozone in this region exhibits sharp spatial gradients and distinctive diurnal cycles under the influence of complex boundary layer circulations induced by the intricate coastal geometry. This study examines how surface ozone is impacted by local circulations spatially and temporally under different temperature scenarios (all summer days, hot summer days, and extreme heat days) with the help of cluster‐based meteorological conditions during the summertime of 2017–2019. The most polluted days are found to be highly associated with hot sea breeze days with weak background flow. When sea breeze development in the New York Bight is delayed and its penetration north is intercepted by the dominant westerlies during hot summer days, daily maximum 8‐hr average ozone (DMA8) in some ozone hot spots of New York City (NYC) and the south shore of Connecticut (CT) typically drops 9–10 ppb under comparable temperature levels. The average regional decrease of DMA8 for NYC and coastal CT is 6.7 and 8.3 ppb, respectively. Furthermore, we conclude that a change in early morning meridional wind direction is the most critical meteorological characteristic in controlling sea breeze onset type and helping modulate ozone exceedances in the region during extreme hot days when ozone exceedances are expected to be very common. The conclusion is further demonstrated with two case studies during the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study 2018 field campaign.
A Geostatistics‐Based Tool to Characterize Spatio‐Temporal Patterns of Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature Fields Over the Contiguous United States
Authors: Torres‐Rojas L. , Waterman T. , Cai J. , Zorzetto E. , Wainwright H. M. , Chaney N. W.
Published: September 2024

Surface fluxes and states can recur and remain consistent across various spatial and temporal scales, forming space‐time patterns. Quantifying and understanding the observed patterns is desirable, as they provide information about the dynamics of the processes involved. This study introduces the empirical spatio‐temporal covariance function and a corresponding parametric covariance function as tools to identify and characterize spatio‐temporal patterns in remotely sensed fields. The method is demonstrated using 2 km hourly GOES‐16/17 land surface temperature (LST) data over the Contiguous United States by splitting the area into 1.0° × 1.0° domains. The summer day‐time LST ESTCFs for 2018 to 2022 are derived for each domain, and a parametric covariance model is fitted. Clustering analysis is applied to detect areas with similar spatio‐temporal LST patterns. Six main zones within CONUS are identified and characterized based on their variance and temporal and spatial characteristic length scales (i.e., scales for which the temperature variations are temporally and spatially related), respectively: (a) Eastern plains with 3 K2, ∼6 hr, and 0.15°, (b) Gulf of California with 60 K2, ∼8 hr, and 0.34°, (c) mountains and coasts transition 1 with 16 K2, ∼11 hr, and 0.25°, (d) central US, Midwest, and South cities with 5.5 K2, ∼8 hr, and ∼0.2°, (e) mountains and coasts transition 2 with ∼10 K2, ∼8 hr, and 0.2°, and (f) largest mountains and coastlines with ∼19 K2, ∼13 hr, and 0.3°. The tools introduced provide a pathway to formally identify and summarize the spatio‐temporal patterns observed in remotely sensed fields and relate those to more complex processes within the Soil‐Vegetation‐Atmosphere System.
Lots of Dust Gets Sucked Up by Jet Engines
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: September 2024

Changing flight times and holding altitudes could substantially reduce the amount of wear-inducing dust ingested by jet engines.
Using Random Forests to Compare the Sensitivity of Observed Particulate Inorganic and Particulate Organic Carbon to Environmental Conditions
Authors: Jin Rui , Gnanadesikan Anand , Holder Christopher
Published: September 2024

The balance between particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) holds significant importance in carbon storage within the ocean. A recent investigation delved into the spatial distribution of phytoplankton and the physiological mechanisms governing their growth. Employing random forests, a machine learning technique, this study unveiled apparent relationships between POC and 10 environmental fields. In this work, we extend the use of random forests to compare how observed PIC and POC respond to environmental conditions. PIC and POC exhibit similar responses to certain environmental drivers, suggesting that these do not explain differences in their distribution. However, PIC is less sensitive to iron and more sensitive to light and mixed layer depth. Intriguingly, both PIC and POC display weak sensitivity to CO2, contrary to previous studies, possibly due to the elevated pCO2 in our data set. This research sheds light on the underlying processes influencing carbon sequestration and ocean productivity.
A Complete Chain of the Generating Processes of Ionospheric Negative Storm Over the North America
Authors: Zhai Changzhi , Cai Xuguang , Yu Tingting , Peng Wenjie , Cheng Xiaoyun , Yue Dongjie , Cai Lei
Published: September 2024

A negative ionospheric storm occurred over the North American sector on 4 November 2021. By the integration of hemispheric power (HP), Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk and global navigation satellite system total electron content (TEC) observations, a complete observation chain is obtained for the first time. At 07:11 UT, prominent energy was input into high latitudes. From 11:51 to 15:49 UT, strong southwestward neutral wind was observed by ICON over the south of North America, followed by significant ∑O/N2 depletion (60%) and temperature enhancement (∼300 K at ∼150 km). TEC depletion started at 12:00 UT in the northeastern North America and expanded to most of the United States. The TEC reduction showed the latitudinally tilted structure similar to that of ∑O/N2 depletion and temperature enhancement, which was shaped by the southwestward neutral wind. The thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIEGCM) reproduced the observations qualitatively and was utilized to investigate the details of the negative storm generation and evolution processes. Strong equatorward wind and ∑O/N2 depletion reached the North America at midnight, much earlier than the TEC depletion, which began at sunrise. At 90°W, the time delay between TEC and ∑O/N2 depletions increased from ∼3.3 hr at 30°N to ∼11 hr at 60°N. Several factors contributed to the time delay including the time difference between midnight and sunrise, ∑O/N2 transport direction, westward wind and the variation of solar elevation angle with latitude.
Spatio-temporal mechanisms of consolidation, recall and reconsolidation in reward-related memory trace
Authors: Hamed Adam , Kursa Miron Bartosz , Mrozek Wiktoria , Piwoński Krzysztof Piotr , Falińska Monika , Danielewski Konrad , Rejmak Emilia , Włodkowska Urszula , Kubik Stepan , Czajkowski Rafał
Published: September 2024

The formation of memories is a complex, multi-scale phenomenon, especially when it involves integration of information from various brain systems. We have investigated the differences between a novel and consolidated association of spatial cues and amphetamine administration, using an in situ hybridisation method to track the short-term dynamics during the recall testing. We have found that remote recall group involves smaller, but more consolidated groups of neurons, which is consistent with their specialisation. By employing machine learning analysis, we have shown this pattern is especially pronounced in the VTA; furthermore, we also uncovered significant activity patterns in retrosplenial and prefrontal cortices, as well as in the DG and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus. The behavioural propensity towards the associated localisation appears to be driven by the nucleus accumbens, however, further modulated by a trio of the amygdala, VTA and hippocampus, as the trained association is confronted with test experience. Moreover, chemogenetic analysis revealed central amygdala as critical for linking appetitive emotional states with spatial contexts. These results show that memory mechanisms must be modelled considering individual differences in motivation, as well as covering dynamics of the process.
Salvage therapies for biochemical recurrence after definitive local treatment: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis
Authors: Matsukawa Akihiro , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Fazekas Tamas , Miszczyk Marcin , Tsuboi Ichiro , Kardoust Parizi Mehdi , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Klemm Jakob , Mancon Stefano , Mori Keiichiro , Kimura Shoji , Miki Jun , Gomez Rivas Juan , Soeterik Timo F. W. , Zilli Thomas , Tilki Derya , Joniau Steven , Kimura Takahiro , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Rajwa Pawel
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Recent advancements in the management of biochemical recurrence (BCR) following local treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), including the use of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs), have broadened the spectrum of therapeutic options. We aimed to compare salvage therapies in patients with BCR after definitive local treatment for clinically non-metastatic PCa with curative intent.

Methods

In October 2023, we queried PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective studies reporting data on the efficacy of salvage therapies in PCa patients with BCR after radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT). The primary endpoint was metastatic-free survival (MFS), and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

We included 19 studies (n = 9117); six trials analyzed RT-based strategies following RP, ten trials analyzed hormone-based strategies following RP ± RT or RT alone, and three trials analyzed other agents. In a pairwise meta-analysis, adding hormone therapy to salvage RT significantly improved MFS (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57–0.84, p < 0.001) compared to RT alone. Based on treatment ranking analysis, among RT-based strategies, the addition of elective nodal RT and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was found to be the most effective in terms of MFS. On the other hand, among hormone-based strategies, enzalutamide + ADT showed the greatest benefit for both MFS and OS.

Conclusions

The combination of prostate bed RT, elective pelvic irradiation, and ADT is the preferred treatment for eligible patients with post-RP BCR based on our analysis. In remaining patients, or in case of post-RT recurrence, especially for those with high-risk BCR, the combination of ADT and ARSI should be considered.
The role of orthodontics in the prevention and management of gingival recession
Authors: Fleming ﻿Padhraig S. ,  Andrews James
Published: September 2024

Careful management of orthodontic patients presenting with thin periodontal phenotype is paramount. Combined orthodontic-periodontal input is helpful both in terms of diagnosis and stabilisation but also to coordinate care. Well-executed orthodontics offers the potential to safeguard periodontal health but also to induce significant aesthetic improvement either in isolation or combined with increasingly predictable muco-gingival procedures.
Type 1 interferons promote Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization by inducing phagocyte apoptosis
Authors: Vozza Emilio G. , Kelly Alanna M. , Daly Clíodhna M. , O’Rourke Sinead A. , Carlile Simon R. , Morris Brenda , Dunne Aisling , McLoughlin Rachel M.
Published: September 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human commensal which persistently colonizes up to 30% of the human population, predominantly within the nasal cavity. The commensal lifestyle of S. aureus is complex, and the mechanisms underpinning colonization are not fully understood. S. aureus can induce an immunosuppressive environment in the nasal tissue (NT) by driving IL-10 and IL-27 to facilitate nasal colonization, indicating that S. aureus has the capacity to modulate the local immune environment for its commensal habitation. Mounting evidence suggests commensal bacteria drive type 1 interferons (IFN-I) to establish an immunosuppressive environment and whilst S. aureus can induce IFN-I during infection, its role in colonization has not yet been examined. Here, we show that S. aureus preferentially induces IFN signaling in macrophages. This IFN-I in turn upregulates expression of proapoptotic genes within macrophages culminating in caspase-3 cleavage. Importantly, S. aureus was found to drive phagocytic cell apoptosis in the nasal tissue during nasal colonization in an IFN-I dependent manner with colonization significantly reduced under caspase-3 inhibition. Overall, loss of IFN-I signaling significantly diminished S. aureus nasal colonization implicating a pivotal role for IFN-I in controlling S. aureus persistence during colonization through its ability to induce phagocyte apoptosis. Together, this study reveals a novel strategy utilized by S. aureus to circumvent host immunity in the nasal mucosa to facilitate nasal colonization.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy qualitative and quantitative signs of phacoantigenic uveitis
Authors: Pichi Francesco , Qadha Khalid , Almasri Khaled , AlAli Sahar , Neri Piergiorgio
Published: September 2024

Background/objective

To describe the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) diagnostic features in patients suspected of experiencing chronic inflammation due to phacoantigenic uveitis

Subjects/methods

This single-center study enrolled patients referred to the Uveitis Department of Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi for chronic anterior uveitis and traumatic cataract. Patients’ demographics, causes and dates of the inciting traumatic event, and ophthalmic findings were recorded. 20-MHz UBM assessment of the status of the anterior capsule and the crystalline lens was performed. Then, cataract surgery was performed using a single technique. Comparison of the anterior capsule and lens status by clinical, UBM, and intraoperative evaluation.

Results

Forty eyes with phacoantigenic uveitis were considered. The slit-lamp examination could identify interruption of the anterior capsule in 20% of the eyes and liquefied sinking lens material in 10%. An intra-operative defect in the anterior capsule was documented in 87.5% of eyes. UBM imaging showed anterior capsule irregularity in 63.3% of eyes and confirmed the presence of anterior capsule defects in 47.5% and lens matter herniating into the anterior chamber in 15%. Hypoechogenic lacunae within the cataractous lens were detected in 12.5% of eyes. For UBM, sensitivity and specificity values were 82.86% (95% CI: 66.35–93.44) and 100% (95% CI: 47.82–100), respectively. Positive and negative predictive values for UBM were 100% (95% CI: 88.06–100) and 45.45% (95% CI: 28.69–63.32), respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy of UBM was 85% [95% CI: 70.16–94.29].

Conclusion

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) is essential for assessing suspected anterior capsule ruptures in phacoantigenic uveitis cases.