bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of and Defect Prevention in Novel Monocomponent Polyurethane Waterproof Coating
Authors: Lu Guo Zhong , Dai De Wei , Ding Xiu Juan , Wang Hai Wang , Zhou Li Juan , Zhang Yu Yan , Si Qian Yu
Published: August 2014

In this paper, performance characteristics of and synthesis processes for monocomponent polyurethane waterproof coatings are introduced in detail. The effects of molar ratio of NCO/OH, mass ratio of N220/330N, and content of the NCO group, as well as the performance impact of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are discussed. In addition, common defects in monocomponent polyurethane waterproof coatings and their prevention methods are also discussed. On the basis of the discussion presented, it can be concluded that great attention should be paid to common defects in paint production and paint application so that they can be prevented before their occurrence. Such prevention can guarantee the perfect facade of coating decoration.
Physical Simulation Study on Transverse Effect of Bolted Discontinuous Rock Mass
Authors: Jia Ying Xuan , Song Hong Wei , Zhang Gui , Kuang Xing
Published: August 2014

In order to illustrate the mechanism of supporting, maintain the safety and keep the stable of underground projects, it is of great significance to study the transverse effect of bolted discontinuous rock mass. With a 3D model and corresponding physical simulation, analyzing the testing results of the bolt stress, rock stress and displacement discovers some new findings. Besides its reinforcing effect to the rock mass, the bolt has a negative effect on the discontinuous rock mass by its so-called ‘railway effect’ under shear loading. The finding of this bolt function will help to further understand of bolting mechanism and it is very important to raise the safety of bolt supporting design. Furthermore the effect grade is a positive correlativity with the bolt diameter, and the shear displacement is one of its necessary conditions.
The Innovation and Development about Spatial Form of Traditional Cave Dwellings in the Northwest
Authors: Wang Guo Rong
Published: August 2014

Through the northwestern cave homes’ distribution and some research work, the article analyzes its spatial form and existing problems. And combined with the modern building technology, in view of the traditional cave dwelling interior space drab, tightness in the dark wet and poor seismic performance shortcomings,the article, mainly from the perspective of spatial form of traditional cave dwelling potential ecological advantages, puts forward such problems as the innovation and development of cave dwelling space reference.
The Life-Cycle Energy Consumption Distribution of Buildings in China
Authors: Li Zhao Dong , Yao Yu Rong , Dai Geng , Ding Yi Chu
Published: August 2014

In recent years, continues development of China urbanization gradually increases the energy consumption of buildings. Studies on the life cycle energy distribution of buildings have practical significance to determine energy policy formulation and adjustment. Based on previous studies and the composition of the life cycle energy consumption of buildings, this article constructed a life-cycle energy consumption model, and established the calculation methods of initial embodied energy, operational energy, reset embodied energy ,dismantle embodied energy and recycle embodied energy separately. Based on ICE material energy data and combined rating per machine per team, this article calculated the life cycle energy distribution of a building in Nanjing. We found that the life cycle energy of buildings obeyed normal distribution, the operational energy accounts for a large proportion and it decreases with the decreased life cycle of buildings. The recovery of operational energy can reduce the proportion of the initial embodied energy. Considering the studies, in order to meet the characteristic of the buildings in China which have short life cycle, we should focus on the development of building materials recycling and reusing.
Identifying the Attitude of Environmental Practitioners toward Policy for Promoting Wind Energy in Taiwan Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Tung Yi Ti , Pai Tzu Yi , Li I Ting , Ou Tsung Yuan , Lin Chun Ping , Jiang Yu Ze , Su Jen Wei
Published: August 2014

The analytical hierarchical process (AHP) was adopted in this study to determine the priority of the policy criterion related to promoting wind energy, considering the environmental practitioners’ points of view. The results were described as follows. The practitioners from environmental organizations suggested that the most important major criteria are in the following order: policy criterion layer, technical criterion layer, economy criterion layer, and energy education criterion layer. For the global weights of the criteria, the criteria with top five weights were in the order as follows: “active development of green energy industry by government”, “supply and consumption method of low-carbon and low-pollution energy”, “increase of percentage of power generation from renewable energy in total power supply”, “encourage manufacturers to develop new wind power generation technology”, and “continually develop the technology projects which has potential and prospects in the future”.
Analysis of a New Flexible Hinged Frame Anchoring System
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Hai Jun , Xu Wei
Published: August 2014

By adopting a hinged form at the bearing joints of the traditional framework anchoring systems, a new overall flexible slope supporting system—hinged framework anchoring system was established. The system can not only keep anchoring force transmission mechanism to ensure the overall slope reinforcing effect, but also allow the slope to have finite deformation to dissipate energy (under dynamic mechanism). A flexible hinged frame anchored theoretical model is established and solved based on finite difference program FLAC3D. Strength reduction technique is used to evaluate the slope stability and obtain the factor of safety. By the comparative analysis of rigid frame connected supporting system, internal force and deformation of each component part of different supporting system are compared. The results showed that: the flexible framework anchoring system can effectively control the slope sliding to ensure the slope stability. At the same time, the flexible supporting system had obvious advantages of improving its stress states compared to the traditional framework anchoring system. With a new framework for anchoring flexible hinge supporting system was proposed and analyzed, a new design idea in slope reinforcement is provided, while a basis for the application of the new supporting system is provided.
Damage Simulation of Masonry Wall Based on the Finite Element Software Abaqus
Authors: Chen Fu Xiao , Zhang Wen Fang
Published: August 2014

In this paper, I use the finite element software abaqus to simulate the damage form of masonry walls in the case of force. Advantages and disadvantages of various simulation methods are fully considered. Masonry walls are considered homogeneous isotropic continuum,was built by using integrated model. And I adopt concrete damage model to define material properties. The results showed that the model in this paper well simulated the failure characteristics of the wall.
Short-Term Forecast and Error Analysis of Wind Power Based on Weight Factors
Authors: Qin Ying Jie , Song Shan , Shi Bin , Xie Zhen Jian , Qiao Li Wei
Published: August 2014

For power grid with large-scale wind energy, the short-term wind power prediction is important to the grid’s scheduling and stable operating. The overall short-term forecast for wind power connected to the grid relies on the wind velocity and historical power data. Firstly, K-means clustering is introduced to model the power grid, so that the relationship between wind velocity and power can be perfectly described. Considering that there are multiple factors contributing to the prediction of wind velocity and power, we use real data of 15 wind generating set to obtain dependable weight factors of all those dimensions. With the support of mass data, the prediction of power is proved by several measurements (ME, MRE, MAE, RMSE) to be accurate.
Study on Energy Consumption and Energy Saving Measures in Shanghai
Authors: Gu Qun Yin , Wu Cui Yu , Chen Hai Yan , Liu Qing Rong
Published: August 2014

The energy consumption increases rapidly with the economic development and population change. Buildings are becoming the most important energy consumption sector in Shanghai. The gross domestic product per capita in Shanghai has reached to $13,500 in 2012 and the energy consumption is also amounted to 11,000×104 ton of coal equivalent. Buildings energy consumption accounted for about 25% of the total energy consumption. Building energy saving will greatly contribute to the energy saving and environmental protection. By analyzing the trend of population growth, economic development and energy consumption and the present buildings structure and situation in Shanghai, this paper proposed the measurements of building energy saving and energy consumption reduction.
Research and Application of Special Shaped Muffler Structure
Authors: Zhang Chi , Xu Nan , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Su Shan
Published: August 2014

The special-shaped silencing sheet and its derivatives of folded plate and expansion muffler structure, improve the acoustic attenuation performance in low frequency. The technical difficulties how dissipative silencer can effectively control the low frequency noise, is solved, the noise band of dissipative silencer is broadened, transmission loss increases, aerodynamic performance is optimized.
Complexity of Nonlinear Dynamic Outputs Model in the Electricity Triopoly
Authors: Ji Wei Zhuo
Published: August 2014

A dynamic repeated model has been established in electric power Triopoly. The chaos and density cycling of the nonlinear dynamic model are investigated in detail. The nonlinear feedback chaos control method is successfully applied to the dynamic repeated game model.
A Review of the Research of New Energy Industry Development
Authors: Zhao En Chao , Wang You Li , Yan Bo Tao
Published: August 2014

Developed countries promote the development of new energy to the national development strategy, plan for new energy promotion laws, and provide government finance, financial support for new energy research. Domestic and foreign scholars mostly research from the perspective of quantitative analysis; mainly methods are the grey system theory, analytic hierarchy process, the learning curve and comprehensive forecast growth curve. Researches show that China's new energy development is very necessary, and its development needs the government's policy support and nurture. China's new energy development also has the problems of high development costs, lack of core technology, insufficient of quantitative analysis tool. Therefore, the future of new energy development strategy research is more quantitative, modeling integration, deeper and practical research.
On how to Improve China's New Energy Industry Development: From the Science and Technology Policy Perspective
Authors: Gu Jian Ya , Zhang Di Ping
Published: August 2014

China's new energy industry has entered a stage of rapid development, but the industrial scale still faces some problems. Technical weakness in particular led to lower science and technology and market competitive power. To ensure sustainable development of China's new energy industry, it is urgent to improve science and technology policies. Through industry chain innovation, establishment of Generic technology research and development mechanism, as well as strengthening of intellectual property tools, we can enhance policy support and protection of the new energy and industrial technology innovation.
Performance Evaluation of Coal-Fired Power Plant Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Based on Set Pair Analysis
Authors: Yan Wei
Published: August 2014

Energy conservation and emission reduction is not only an important strategy for China to achieve sustainable development , but also an inevitable choice to deal with the challenges of energy resource constraints and climate change. This paper built an evaluation system based on set pair analysis to evaluate the performance of energy conservation and emission reduction for coal-fired power. Seven main indices were picked out to and their weight were determined by experts. Then, the paper constructed an expression of connection degree. At last, an example was given to prove the feasibility and reliability of this evaluation system.
Research on Beijing Safety Guarantee System for Natural Gas Supply
Authors: Gao Nong Nong
Published: August 2014

This paper analyzes the basic principles and the main goal of Beijing natural gas supply security system, predicts the supply and demand of natural gas of Beijing in coming years, starting from the facts of Beijing special status and natural gas rapid development. Beijing natural gas supply safety system includes three main aspects: diversification of gas supply, gas supply security early warning systems, gas supply security the government's social responsibility system.
The Study on Turbulence Intensity Based on CFD in the Wind Farm
Authors: Sheng Ke , Wang Dian , Wang Li Peng
Published: August 2014

The turbulence intensity is an important parameter in wind energy resource assessment, and is the main basis of the wind turbine design and equipment shaping. This paper introduces the methods of turbulence intensity calculation, especially the method based on turbulence transport models in CFD. The CFD method of Meteodyn WT is applied to calculate turbulence intensity of wind farm site in complex terrain of some area, and the simulation is compared with measured date by the mast and the simulation based on the line model. The results show that CFD method of Meteodyn WT provides good results of turbulence intensity. It is significant that the CFD method is applied in wind resource assessment and micrositing of wind farm.
Study on the Informatization of Renewable Resources Industry
Authors: Bu Xin Xin
Published: August 2014

As we all know that the renewable resources industry (RRI) is booming in China, while there are many problems too. The paper put forwards that one of the important reason resulting in these problems is that informatization lags behind the RRI informatization process. Asymmetric information and poor communication restricted the development of the RRI. Based on the Characteristics of China’s RRI, The paper analyzes the asymmetric information models in RRI, discusses the information technology experience used in the RRI. Finally, and also, a case of recycling resources information Database system was introduced.
Study on Layout Planning System of Renewable Energy Utilization on Heating Based on GIS
Authors: Fang Qi , Gao Bin , Wang Hao , Zhuang Bao Yu
Published: August 2014

How to promote the application of renewable energy on heating becomes more important because of more serious energy shortage and air pollution. In the center town of Tianjin, a layout planning system of renewable energy utilization on heating is established based on GIS. The system presents where and what kind of renewable energy can be used. And the result shows the center town of Tianjin has great potential for renewable energy utilization on heating.
Research on the Flywheel Energy Storage System Applied in Green Architecture
Authors: Wang Gui Xing , Zhou Zhe Heng , Zheng Shuai , Xie Qing , Rao Chao Ping , Xu Bing Sen
Published: August 2014

In this research, a storage system, suitable for the power system of construction, is proposed and optimized. The storage system mainly consists of control system, converter, flywheel and motor. This system can release the pressure of the power grid during the on-peak period and supply the consumers with cheap energy. This research is going to analyze the characters of the system and then adjust its structure to the architecture.
Research on Bus Stop Based on Cellular Automaton Model
Authors: Qian Jun , Hu Yong Ju
Published: August 2014

Based on the NaSch model,a cellular automaton mode with two lanes is proposed by computer simulation analysis,which considers the influence of passengers on bus stop.By using MatLab simulation,the paper compares the different traffic flow characteristics between harbor-shaped and nonharbor shaped bus stop.It also analyzes the relationship between the traffic flow and the number of bus,the scope and intensity of bus stop in different ways.The results show that harbor-shaped bus stop is the effective method to alleviate the crowd traffic in the case of larger traffic density;It takes more passengers in the system which used harbor shaped bus stop can accommodate more buses;Harbor-shaped bus stop produced better improvement in the negative influence of bus stopping on local roads.
Design and Implementation of an OFDM System with Interleaving and De-Interleaving Based on FPGA
Authors: Liang Chuan , Cai Guang Hui , Li Peng , Zheng Shu Wen
Published: August 2014

Today's wireless communication has become the primary means of communication, the wireless communication relative to wired communications, its random parameter channel delay problem and fading problem raising a new challenge to the reliability of communication. This article describes the basic principle of OFDM system with interleaving and de-interleaving, Verification platform to build on this basis, and using EDA tools Quartus II functional and timing verify the correctness, Giving the integrated circuit simulation results, also showing the use of FPGA to achieve interleave and interleaving process well in OFDM systems. Effectively improve the reliability of the system, not only meet the needs of Systems on flexibility and real-time, but also occupy less hardware resources, fast, and consistent with the development trend of modern communications.
Estimation of the Unknown Function of Integral Inequality with Power Function and its Application
Authors: Wang Wu Sheng , Su Tian
Published: August 2014

In this paper, we establish a new weakly singularity integral inequality with two variables, which generalize the unknown function with a variable to composite function of power function with unknown function with two variables. Under certain conditions, the estimation of unknown function is given by technique of change of variable, amplification method, integration and differentiation, discrete Jensen inequality and inequality.
Upper and Lower Bounds of Unknown Functions in Several Nonlinear Integral Inequalities in Engineering
Authors: Zhao Li Mian , Huang Ji Ting , Wang Wu Sheng
Published: August 2014

In this paper, we discuss the upper and lower bounds of unknown functions in several nonlinear integral inequalities. Firstly, we give out the upper estimation of unknown function of a nonlinear integral inequality. Secondly, we give out the lower estimation of unknown function of another nonlinear integral inequality. Finally, we discuss the upper and lower bounds of a linear integral inequality by adopting novel analysis techniques, such as change of variable, amplification method, differential and integration.
The Application of Data Mining in the Community Characteristics Analysis of University Students
Authors: Zhang Xu Feng , Wu Zi Min , Deng Qiu Chao , Song Li Qiu
Published: August 2014

This paper made a in-depth research on the application of data mining in academic management system based on overall understanding of data mining, and selected the data sample of students in grade 2007 of Logistics Management major of Logistics School of Beijing Wuzi University, this paper used Clementine software to establish decision tree model and clustering model to analyze students’ cluster characteristics by taking students’ academic achievement, score of college entrance examination, CET 4 and CET 6 level, students’ family income and psychological health, the research can help school notice development features of students in order to improve way of students’ cultivation.
The Influence of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in Theme Parks Design of Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Hsing Ping , Wu Kang Li
Published: August 2014

This study adopted E-Da Theme Park, a popular Taiwan theme park newly established in 2010, as a research case setting to explore the relationship between theme parks’ service quality and customer satisfaction. In addition, it also explored whether visitors’ satisfaction would be influenced by amusement parks’ service quality. By using a questionnaire survey, and regarding those tourists of E-Da Theme Park as a research object, this study explored the influence of the park’s service quality on its customer satisfaction. Research results showed that the aspects of a theme park’s service quality, including tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, had a significant influence on customer satisfaction. Those research outcomes can be provided as a reference to theme park practitioners in terms of their management and operation planning, and draft appropriate strategies of service quality to improve customers’ satisfaction and create a better brand image of theme park.
Noise Effect on Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis Based on Element Enrichment Model
Authors: Xie Dan Ying , Wan Li , Zhu Yong Qiang , Deng Xiao Jun
Published: August 2014

Used of the element enrichment model, the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) is applied to analyze the multifractal property for sequences which were added stochastic noise and spike noise, and then we discuss the noise effect on the scaling exponent. The result shows that the scaling exponent is stable under stochastic noise and spike noise. Forq>0, the influence on the scaling exponent is rather small when the element enrichment model was added stochastic noise, and the difference is getting smaller with the increasing parameterp; When adding spike noise whose strength is from 1.5 times to 2.5 times, the corresponding influence is consistent, it indicates that MF-DFA method has a better noise immunity against stochastic noise and spike noise under given conditions.
Analysis of Short-Circuit Calculation in Microgrid with Wind/Solar Micro-Sources Based on IEC STANDARD 60909
Authors: Song Xu Ri , Wang Lei , Ye Lin , Zou Yu , Xu Jie , Dou Cheng Long
Published: August 2014

Microgrid are LV or MV electric networks which utilize various distributed generators (DG) to serve local loads.In this paper an equivalent model of a hybrid system including wind power and solar power generating units has been built based on the mathematical models of wind turbine(WT) and photovoltaic(PV).Control strategies of the converters have been also developed. The short-circuit current and voltage levels of the microgrid have been calculated respectively based on the IEC 60909 standard corresponding to the occurrence of a three-phases short-circuit at the Point of the Common Coupling(PCC). Simulation results verified that the micro sources and microgrid built in this paper can simulate the actual system operation very well, and it can provide a simulation platform for further study of operation characteristics of system-integrated microgrid.
A Knowledge Transformation Model in Software Development Process
Authors: Jing Ning Ning , Han Su Hui , Liao Xiao Mei
Published: August 2014

Knowledge management plays an important role in improving software development performance and enhancing enterprises' competitiveness. In this paper, based on the basic process of software development and the SECI model, a knowledge transformation model in software development process is established. The model reveals the knowledge transformation forms and paths in each stage of the software development process. That is, along with the tacit and explicit knowledge conversion, the personal knowledge, group knowledge and organizational knowledge transformed. By these knowledge transformation processes, the new software is developed. At the same time, the innovation, accumulation and rational utilization of enterprise knowledge resources are achieved simultaneously.
Construction and Practice of the College Course System of Self-Management
Authors: Zhao Xue Qin
Published: August 2014

This paper studies the college opened a public elective "self-managed learning" how to combine the actual situation of the contemporary college students curriculum content system design, including the background of the curriculum, the limitations of the course, the teaching objectives, course contentstructure, curriculum practice link. Keywords: College Students' Self Management; curriculum content system
Influence from International Organizations on Higher Professional Education-Case Study of Higher Maritime Education
Authors: Jin Yue Bo
Published: August 2014

In this paper the higher maritime education is taken as an example to explore influence and effect exerted from the international professional organizations on education and training of international professional personnel, and then to obtain useful experience so as to further promote the sustained and healthy development of China's higher education.
Modal Analysis and Simulation of SSR for DFIG-Based Wind Farms
Authors: Chen Jing Hua , Xu Zhen Yu
Published: August 2014

This paper analyses the subsynchronous resonance (SSR) phenomena in doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms interconnected with series compensated Networks. The study system is derived from IEEE first benchmark model. Small-signal analysis is conducted on the basis of detailed mathematical model being set up. Time domain simulations are performed in DIgSILENT/Power Factory to confirm the small-signal analysis results that IGE instead of TI is the major reason for SSR in such systems.
The Distributed Intelligent Lubricating System for Wind Turbines
Authors: Yang Xiao Pin , Sun Ya Feng , Song Ci Heng , Zhang Shun Hua
Published: August 2014

According to requirements of lubrication points and characteristics of grease, a distributed intelligent lubrication system of wind turbines is presented in this paper. PLC+SCU is the major control part in this system. It is adopted communication mode between PLC and SCU, so the system has better expansibility, which can simultaneously lubricate more classified points of wind turbines. PLC has more reserved interface sources and can completely supply grease at long distance. Monitor and protect circuits are devised in this system, and these parts can inspire, locate and alert the fault when the failure in pipelines or operator system is occurred. This paper introduces the structure, principle and its’ control system of lubrication system for wind turbines in detail, and the usability of the system is analyzed and some practical equipments are shown on.
Use of the Savonius Wind Turbine for the Needs of Public Lighting
Authors: Gressová Iveta
Published: August 2014

Our planet gives us many mineral sources, but they have a big disadvantage. They are finite. Non-renewable energy sources are enough only for decades, exceptionally for centuries. Current generation is aware of the importance of using other energy sources, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. These energy sources are renewable. It means that they come from sources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale. One of these sources is wind energy. Use of this kind of energy source needs an initial investment, but it can reduce cost of running a household and other sectors.
This article is about Savonius wind turbine and its use for the needs of public lighting.
Wind Power Prediction Model Based on ARMA and Improved BP-ANN
Authors: Liu Hai Ke , Feng Jiang Xia , Yang Shen Quan , Jia Tao
Published: August 2014

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of wind power, this research is based on time series and improved BP-ANN algorithm. The basic idea is described as follows: wind speed forecasting model is established by using time series method; wind speed-wind power model is built by utilising improved BP-ANN algorithm; wind speed data from time series forecasting is used as input of neural network model, and the prediction results for wind power are obtained. In order to analyse the availability of wind power prediction model, the mean absolute error and correlation coefficient are compared to analyse the predictions results. The results show that the prediction model can effectively improve the forecasting accuracy of wind power.
Optimized Dispatch for Power Grid Connected with Wind Farm Based on Interval Simulation
Authors: Sheng Si Qing , Yang Shao Bo
Published: August 2014

In view of the disadvantage existing in stochastic programming and fuzzy programming that in the process of modeling of wind power both of them need a huge amount of historical data information to establish precise model, and the advantage of interval planning that it only need to know the upper and lower bounds of the variable in the uncertainty modeling and interval variables contains more information than real variables, this paper puts forward the interval model of the wind power, and use the interval possible degree to deal with the interval constraint conditions. At the same time, this paper adopted the chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm based on logic from the map to solve the model. Finally, the paper proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the model and algorithm by an example.
Effects of Zn on Pyrolysis Characteristics of Shenhua Lignite
Authors: Sangsanga Wipawan , Na Chuan , Dou Jin Xiao , Yu Jiang Long
Published: August 2014

The catalytic effects of Zn on the release of the gaseous products during pyrolysis of Shenhua lignite was investigated by using a fixed-bed quartz reactor. The product gas compositions from the coal pyrolysis were analyzed by a gas chromatography (GC). Experimental results show that Zn had noticeable catalytic effects on lignite pyrolysis. With the increase in Zn content, lignite weight loss increases during pyrolysis. However, there was an optimum content for amount Zn into the coal. Pyrolysis temperature had a great impact on the composition of pyrolysis gas. As the pyrolysis temperature increased, char yield decreased and gas yield increased. There existed a temperature that tar yield reached its maximum value.
Effects of Zn on Steam Gasification Characteristics of Shenhua Lignite Char
Authors: Sangsanga Wipawan , Dou Jin Xiao , Tong Zhe Lei , Yu Jiang Long
Published: August 2014

The catalytic effects of Zn on the yield of the gaseous products during steam gasification of lignite char were investigated by using a fixed-bed reactor. The gas composition was measured using a gas chromatography (GC). The experimental results show that Zn has catalytic effects on steam gasification and increased the yield of H2.There was an optimum content of Zn implanted into the coal above which zinc does not show further catalytic activity.
Evaluation and Prediction of Coalbed Gas Fracturing Fluid
Authors: Chen Hai Hui , Fan Hong Fu , Guo Jian Ping , Tang Meng , Ni Fei
Published: August 2014

There is a wide variety of coalbed gas fracturing fluids. It’s important that choose suitable fracturing fluids for different kinds of formations. We summed up the advantages and disadvantages of each type of fracturing fluid by analyzing and comparing different types of fracturing fluid, and produced a performance comparison table between each type. Pointed out that the existing problems and solutions of fracturing fluid in coalbed and envisaged the future trends.
Study on the Process Analysis and Kinetics during the Co-Pyrolysis of Low Rank Coal and Enteromorpha
Authors: Wang Chun Xia , He Xuan Ming , Feng Dong Zheng , Ao Fu Lu
Published: August 2014

The pyrolysis of low rank coal (LRC) , enteromorpha (EN) and their mixture were carried out in a special prolysis equipment. The experiments showed that the maximum tar yield of blends was 11.39% with a EN ration of 30%, which increased by 28.61% compared to LRC pyrolysis alone and 8.87% compared to calculated value. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of LRC, EN and their mixture indicated that there was significant synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis process of LRC and EN during 240~750°C. The relative maximum value of synergistic effect was 18.5%. Kinetics analysis showed there was compensation effect between activation energy and pre-exponential factor of co-pyrolysis. The mix of LRC and EN enhanced the reaction activity and lowers the reaction rate. Synergistic effect mainly was reflected in enhancing the reaction activity of co-pyrolysis.
Temperature Characteristics of Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Tao Zi Qiang , Fu Yan Ling , Bai Hong , Xiao Hai Qing
Published: August 2014

Two kinds of import laptop battery and one kind of domestic laptop battery were investigated in the temperature cycling test. The results showed that all the samples didn’t fire, explosion and leakage in the temperature cycling tests. But the shell glue of domestic laptop battery was disabled more serious then that of import laptop battery and it still exist some security risk.Therefore, There is a long way to go to investigate and improve the quality and safety performance of some laptop battery.
A Social Publics’ Evaluation for Promotion Priority of Solar Energy Policy in Taiwan Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Tung Yi Ti , Pai Tzu Yi , Yu Ju Jung , Lin Mao Shan , Yang Pei Yu , Shih Li Hua , Su Jen Wei
Published: August 2014

This study adopted analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to evaluate the significance of the policy criterion for promoting solar energy, regarding social publics’ points of view. The results of the study are described as follows. The social publics suggested that the most important major criteria are in the following order: policy, technique, educational promotion, and economy incentives. For the global weights of the criteria, the criteria with top five weights are in the following order: “patents for solar energy products“ (0.183), “encourage R&D of new techniques and reduce power cost“ (0.168), “improve power saving technique“ (0.095), “encourage the firms to develop new techniques of solar energy power“ (0.082), and “increase percentage of solar energy power in total power capacity“ (0.075).
Influence of a Combined Low Dosage Gas Hydrate Inhibitor on Methane Hydrate Surface
Authors: Tang Cui Ping , Li Dong Liang , Liang De Qing
Published: August 2014

According to analysis of the gas hydrate cage and structure of the inhibitor and simulation of molecular dynamics, the interaction between GHI1 and hydrates was discussed. The structure analysis indicated the side group of PVP can insert into the open hydrate cage, and force the hydrate growing along the polymer chain, which results in a large space resistance and inhibits gas hydrate agglomerating. The results of MD simulation show GHI1 can damage the surface cage in hydrate lattice; the hydrogen and oxygen in GHI1 can form hydrogen bonds respectively with oxygen and hydrogen in hydrates, which makes the surface molecules of the cages unstable and distorts the cages; Synergist diethylene glycol ether increases strength and range of length of hydrogen bond.
Research on Hydrothermal Modification of Heavy Oil
Authors: Xu Ke , Ding Yun Hong , Liu Wei Dong , Chang Jin
Published: August 2014

Thermal recovery technology are widely used to enhance heavy oil recovery, the four most important of which are thermal modification, sub-critical water modification, catalytic modification and catalytic modification with hydrogen donor. These four kinds of technologies previously were studied separately, which were not systematically integrated together. This paper used high-temperature and high-pressure reactor to simulate heavy oil’s thermal recovery in static condition. By studying basic properties and structural parameters changed of four kinds of thermal recovery technologies, we have drawn the conclusion that The quality of crude oil dropped only by the use of TM, and The degrees of improvement were as follows: CMH> CM> SWM . H/C (Atomic ratio), fA, fN, fPand CI were important parameters, which could explain the extent of condensation and condensation direction. Long chain sulfur compound break down into small molecules, damaging the colloidal structure of heavy oil, improving the quality of heavy irreversible.
Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate by Transesterification of Glycerol with Dimethyl Carbonate over Mg-Al Mixed Oxides Supported on MCM-41
Authors: Wu Gong De , Wang Xiao Li , Zhai Zhi Li , Cao Ao Yun
Published: August 2014

The Mg-Al mixed oxides were deposited on the MCM-41 via the coprecipitation followed by thermal decomposition and characterized by many techniques. In the transesterification of glycerol (GL) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC), the resulting supported catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic performance than the pure Mg-Al mixed oxides, which was ascribed to the increased basicity. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the obtained data showed that at DMC/glycerol molar ratio of 3:1, catalyst loading of 0.3 g and reaction temperature of 373 K, the glycerol conversion and glycerol carbonate yield from the process was 98.7 % and 92.5%, respectively.
Tribological Property of some Triazine Derivatives in Hydrogenated Oil
Authors: Wan Ping Nan , Yang Jie , Zhong You Quan
Published: August 2014

Two ashless triazine derivatives, 2,4-bi-amido-6-(O,O′-di-i-octhyl dithiophosphate)- 1,3,5 - triazine were synthesized. Their tribological properties as lubricating oil additives compared with ZDDP in hydrogenated oil were evaluated using a four-ball tester. The results show that these triazine derivatives possess extreme pressure capacity, and they can improve antiwear and friction-reducing performance of base stock than that of ZDDP. Their tribological performance is corresponding to the amide. The elements chemical states of the worn surface were estimated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that a protective film containing sulphide, phosphate and some organic nitrogen compounds was formed on the worn surface during the lubrication process, and the film possesses extreme pressure and antiwear properties.
Energy Chemical Engineering (Topic Field) Simulation for Influence of High Pressure on Release of Inorganic Species during Combustion of Pakistani Coal
Authors: Jaffri Gul E Rana
Published: August 2014

The inorganic species are highly volatile, released during thermal conversion process and especially at high pressure combustion leads to several problems of fouling, slagging and corrosion when they reach the colder part of plant. The comprehensive knowledge of release alkali species Na-,K-,Cl and S-species is required prior to carry out experiment. Therefore thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed by Fact Sage 5.2 and simulated the combustion environment at elevated pressure.
Three soft Pakistani coal such as Lakhra (Vad < 41.44%), Thar (Vad < 42.02%) and Sor-range ((Vad < 21.11%) belong to Lignite and sub-bituminous coal were selected and releasing order was calculated by plotting mole fraction of each species VS pressure (5 to 15bar ) at 1000°C.
On the basis of predicted releasing order the SO2 can be predicted most stable species under combustion at elevated pressure. The high released amount of SO2, H2S, NaCl, KCl and HCl was predicted for LKH, THC and SRC at 5 and 15 bar pressure and 1000°C temperature.Comparing with high pressure the predicted released of SO2 was found higher than H2S, NaCl, KCl and HCl at 5 bar pressure while the released of H2S was observed lower than SO2, NaCl, KCl and HCl at 15 bar pressure during combustion process. The above available predicted information is valuable for hot gas cleaning technology.
Characterization and Application Process Optimization of CuO/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst in CWAO Technology
Authors: Zhang Yu Xiu , Wang Cheng Zhi , Zhang Yong Li , Li Zhang Wei
Published: August 2014

CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was used to deal with the waste leachate in CWAO technology of, and the SEM and TEM characterization showed: active component in the surface of the carrier distribution is uniform; In CWAO process, six factors, based on the CODCr removal rate and turbidity removal rate, the biggest impact factor is reaction temperature, and the influence factors of the top three were reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and reaction time. The influence factors of those in the bottom three are influent water pH, oxygen partial pressure, stirring intensity, and three factors of influence on the strength is close. Optimizing operation process, in order: reaction temperature of 200 °C, catalyst dosage of 1.5 g, oxygen partial pressure of 2.0 MPa, stirring intensity 800 rpm, influent water pH of 7.0, the reaction time of 70 min.
Research and Application of Technology of Mobile Electric Ignition Technology for Fire Flood in Vertical Hole
Authors: Zhang Hong Jun , Yang Zhi Xiang , Zhang Fu Xing , Yang Xian Zhi
Published: August 2014

In-Situ combustion is an important transformation mode for heavy oil development, and the key to its success is ignition in the reservoir, On the basis of investigation and research into some related techniques both at home and abroad, this paper presents the development of mobile electric igniter, technical string, down-hole monitoring system, putting-in and putting-out device; the integral outside diameter of the igniter is φ25.4mm; this paper forms the technique of mobile electric ignition for fire flood in vertical hole and introduces the technical principle. The field test results show that the maximum outlet air temperature of the igniter is 527°C when the steam injection rate is 6500Nm3/d; And that realizes high temperature igniting of mobile electric igniter for the first time. This technique will effectively reduce the operation cost of fire flood, and provides technical reserve for separate zone ignition in thick mass oil pool of Liaohe Oilfield.
Thermal Decomposition Synthesis of MoO3 for Application in Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Xiao Ping , Ma Lin , Xu Xu Yao , Feng Zong Cai
Published: August 2014

MoO3was synthesized by thermal decomposition of ammonium molybdate. The structure and surface morphology of the as-prepared MoO3was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The supercapacitive behaviour of MoO3in 1 mol L-1KCl electrolyte was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling (CD). The affect of thermal decomposition temperature on the capacitive behaviour of MoO3was also discussed here. The results indicate that MoO3show good capacitive behaviour with a specific capacitance of 148.9 F g-1at 0.7 A g-1. Thermal decomposition temperature has an important influence on the capacitive behaviour and crystallization of MoO3.
The Research on Hybrid Electric Power System for Renewable Energy UAVs
Authors: Shi Shang Tao , Liu Li , Zhang Xiao Hui , Du Meng Yao
Published: August 2014

More and more attention is paid to the pollution and emission issues in aviation, renewable energy is applied on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Solar and hydrogen energy were used in the hybrid power system to achieve the goals of zero-emission and long endurance. The power system was carefully designed to maximize its efficiency. The connection among solar cells, fuel cells and lithium batteries which were used in power system was discussed. The coupling relationship among propeller, motor and batteries (including solar cells, fuel cells and lithium batteries) was studied. The effects of power system configuration on system efficiency were analyzed. The results show that well-matched propeller, motor and batteries can effectively improve the power system efficiency.
A Travel Distance Power Consumption Model for Battery Electric Vehicles
Authors: Tseng Chia Wei , Yang Yao Tsung , Chou Li Der
Published: August 2014

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular in recent years. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are a type of EVs use stored energy more efficiently than typical internal combustion engine powered counterparts. A key challenge of BEV is the limited battery energy. In order to relieve electric vehicle range anxiety for BEV owners and achieve an optimal battery sizing for BEV, a travel distance power consumption model has been created to model the travel behavior of BEV in the fleet. The model provides an efficient way of estimating the power requirements of electric vehicles reach the destination.
Optimization of Reactive Power Compensation Rate in 20kV Cable Distribution Network
Authors: Lin Xiao Lang , Chen Ze Xing , Yang Yu Yao , Zou Jun Xiong , Zuo Zheng Min , Zhang Yong Jun
Published: August 2014

A method based on modeling approach that from points to face and boundary conditioned parameter is put forward in this paper. Starting from the Point Model with statistical characteristics, the characteristic parameters which influence the configuration rate of reactive power compensation (RPC) are adopted as boundary conditions. Expanding from Point Model to Analysis Model, different features of actual 20kV cable distribution feeders can be covered. Then, with the optimization research on RPC of urban cable lines in 20 kV distribution networks, the recommended range of RPC rate in different transformers is worked out, which can be extended to the application of 20 kV urban distribution network. The simulation shows that the proposed method can optimize the reactive power configuration in 20 kV distribution networks without the complicated computation of optimal reactive power planning.
Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV System Island Effect Detection Based on Active Output Power Change Method
Authors: Li Ke , Zhao De An
Published: August 2014

In order to solve the islanding effect of single phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, by introducing some common passive and active detection, and generalizing the advantages and disadvantages of the two detections, we came up with and design an output energy changing method to achieve the detection and prevention of the islanding effect. Modeling and simulating this system under MATLAB , and the results show that the output energy changing method can detect the generation of islanding effect accurately, and achieve the anti-islanding effect effectively.
Research of Available Capability of Accommodating PV Power Generation of Tibet Power Grid Based on Capacity of Peak Load Regulation Constraints
Authors: Jiang Xiao Yan , He Chuan , Liu Xiao Fei
Published: August 2014

In recent years, along with the continuous expansion of the scale of photovoltaic (PV) power generation in Tibet, the proportion of PV Grid-connected capacity for Tibet power grid became higher increasingly, which brought great challenges to the secure and stable operation of the grids. So we do those studies on the available capability of accommodating PV power generation of Tibet power grid. Based on the way of capacity of peak load regulation and the minimum output in 2012, this paper simulates and analyzes the available capability of accommodating PV power generation under three boundary conditions, considering the factor of Qinghai-Tibet direct current participating in regulation. The analysis supports that the rate of discharging light accounts for 34.09 percent, 20.57 percent and 5.61 percent after PV power station connecting to the grid, if regardless of the measures of depth peak load regulation such as discharging light.
Enhance Power System Transient Voltage Stability by Difference Coefficient of Generator Excitation System Optimization
Authors: Sun Wen , Su Yin Sheng , Zhang Jun Feng , Li Xiao Ming
Published: August 2014

Lack of dynamic reactive power compensation result in power system transient voltage instability. To improve the transient voltage stability, an optimization strategy for setting the excitation system difference coefficient of the generator is presented in this paper. The concept of the excitation system difference coefficient is introduced. Then the impacts of difference coefficients of generator excitation system on generator stability are analyzed and adjustment range is proposed. The calculation results of Guangdong province system show that the transient voltage stability level is enhanced effectively after optimizing the excitation system difference coefficient.