bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Реабилитационные методы в работе с детьми и подростками с расстройством аутистического спектра: современная мировая практика
Authors: Shpitsberg Igor L. , Varlamov Anton , Skorokhodov Ivan V.
Published: January 2023

Во всём мире растёт встречаемость расстройств аутистического спектра, и Россия не является исключением в этом плане. В то же время не все специалисты в области реабилитации и коррекции обладают достаточным представлением о мировом опыте работы с детьми и подростками с РАС. Данный обзор ставит своей целью предоставление сведений о современных тенденциях и хороших практиках в данной области. В обзоре рассматриваются уровни доказательств различных методов, обосновывается комплексный экосистемный подход к реабилитации детей и подростков с РАС, учитывающий многообразие проявлений РАС.
Sexual Pleasure Matters – and How to Define and Assess It too. A Conceptual Framework of Sexual Pleasure and the Sexual Response.
Authors: Werner Marlene , Borgmann Michèle , Laan Ellen
Published: January 2023

[June 12 2023: Please consult and cite the published manuscript in the International Journal of Sexual Health: https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2023.2212663.] Sexual pleasure is central to current understandings of sexual function, health, and wellbeing. In this article, we suggest that we lack a sufficiently specific, yet encompassing, definition of sexual pleasure and that we therefore lack comprehensive assessments of sexual pleasure. We introduce a definition of sexual pleasure and position it centrally in an adapted framework of the sexual response. In the framework, we include a taxonomy of rewards which can be retrieved from sex and thereby aim to capture the multifaceted nature of sexual pleasure. We arrive at the definition, framework, and taxonomy by integrating theories of sexual motivation and response with the literature on sexual pleasure and basic rewards. We position this literature within theories of affect and personality which allows us to differentiate between the experience of and the tendency to experience sexual pleasure (i.e., state versus trait sexual pleasure). We shortly discuss how this conceptualization of sexual pleasure could be reflected in self-report assessments to quantitatively assess sexual pleasure. The framework may aid to focus on the role of the diverse facets of sexual pleasure in sexual function, health, and wellbeing and contribute to giving sexual pleasure the center position it deserves in sex research and therapy. [The four manuscript versions have been (re)submitted on July 15 2021, March 19 2022, August 19 2022, and January 3 2023 respectively.]
Positioning Asian Americans in Social Cognition
Authors: Goh Jin X. , Lei Ryan , Zou Linda Xiaoying
Published: January 2023

Asian Americans are increasingly positioned at the center of current events, yet extant theories and approaches in social psychology (and social cognition specifically) may not adequately capture how Asian Americans are perceived and treated in the current American racial landscape. We propose three directions to propel social cognition research on Asian Americans. First, research emphasizes Asian Americans’ perceived high status (i.e., the model minority stereotype) while often overlooking their perceived foreignness. The two-dimensional Racial Position Model elucidates the consequences of being stereotyped as perpetual foreigners for Asian Americans and their relations with other racial and ethnic groups. Second, research and laypeople alike consider East Asian Americans to be the prototypical Asian Americans, thereby excluding subgroups such as South and Southeast Asian Americans. Considering the ethnic diversity of Asian Americans challenges and extends existing social psychological theories. Lastly, much of psychological research approaches race in isolation without considering its intersection with other identities such as gender. An intersectional framework offers insights into how Asian Americans’ gender and race overlap in our social cognition. More nuanced research on Asian Americans is needed to fully understand race relations in the 21st century and we hope these three interconnected directions can guide researchers who are interested in the topic.
The Effect of National Identity and Collective Victimhood towards Koreans’ Perception on China-Japan-Korea Trilateral Cooperation
Authors: Lim Jungbin , Kim Dongkyu
Published: January 2023

Despite tensions in the diplomatic relationship between the three major countries in East Asia, China, Japan, and South Korea, trilateral cooperation has advanced in the past decade through the China-Japan-Korea Trilateral Summit and the Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat. Nevertheless, mutual intimacy among the people of the three countries continue to be low. Public opinion plays an increasingly important role in foreign policy decision-making processes. Therefore, in order to facilitate fruitful cooperation between the three countries, it is important to understand public perception towards trilateral cooperation. To this end, we examined how the psychological factors of national identification and collective victimhood affected Koreans’ perception and attitudes toward China and Japan. In this study, we conducted a survey on 320 participants aged 15 to 40 of Korean nationality, and found that while most Koreans perceived anti-Chinese and anti-Japanese sentiments as a social norm, but on a personal level, participants held more positive attitudes towards Chinese and Japanese, indicating that while Koreans perceived collective social norms regarding attitudes toward China and Japan, they did not necessarily comply with them. In addition, participants with lower degrees of national identification and collective victimhood, showed more positive attitudes towards Chinese and Japanese and higher preference for diplomatic policies over military policies. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
INTERACTION BETWEEN MULTISENSORY INFORMATION AND EMOTIONAL ACTIVATION IN VIDEO-FACILITATED PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: Nordström Elisa , Luutonen Sinikka , Paananen Jenny , Koffert Tarja , Keinänen Matti , Suomalainen Karita , Hietala Jarmo
Published: January 2023

Emotional activation is regarded as central in psychotherapy. We have developed a method called VideoTalk, where patients video themselves at home according to the therapist’s instructions, and the videos are watched together in the therapy session. The aim of the study was to find out whether watching and listening to a video in psychotherapy readily activates the patient's emotions. The video material was analyzed by theory-based content analysis using the Interactive Cognitive Subsystems (ICS) theory. The ICS theory suggests a link between sensory information and emotions and describes two levels of meaning: propositional and implicational. The implicational level gains information from the propositional level and directly from perceptions and is central to the activation of emotions. Five patients participated in our schema therapy-based intervention. Our material included videos of ten therapy sessions, where the patient and the therapist watched a video made by the patient at home in a state of helplessness. Watching the video in the session was done in parts, and between watching periods there were observation phases consisting of discussion about what the patient had seen and heard on the video and how it affected them. Our data included 38 observation phases, and in 35 of these the patient verbalized an emotion after watching the video. The implicational level was involved in almost all observation phases where the patient verbalized emotions. Our findings are in line with the hypothesis that added multisensory information via video enhances input to the implicational level and therefore emotional activation in psychotherapy. This is a possible mechanism by which the use of VideoTalk could facilitate the psychotherapy process.
Connecting Statistical Precision with Practical Importance
Authors: Oswald Frederick Louis
Published: January 2023

[Opening paragraph]: Criticisms of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) have continued relentlessly in psychology for over 50 years. Even a parenthetical citation to all relevant articles, reports, book chapters, and full-length books on NHST would be a full-length paper unto itself (but for instance: Chow, 1996; Cohen, 1990; Cumming, 2012; Harlow, Mulaik, & Steiger, 1997; Hunter & Schmidt, 2004; Kline, 2013; Ziliak & McCloskey, 2008). Perhaps the most fundamental criticism of NHST is that the mathematical statement of the null hypothesis is never strictly true (Lykken, 1968): Even before any data are collected, we know that the probability of a continuous sample statistic being (precisely) equal to the population value that generated the statistic has a probability of (precisely) zero. So why test it?
Engaging adolescents in contemporary longitudinal health research: strategies for promoting participation and retention
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , Xie Tong
Published: January 2023

Purpose: High (and non-selective) recruitment and retention rates in longitudinal studies of adolescence are essential for illuminating health trajectories and determinants during this critical period of development. Knowledge of optimal recruitment and retention strategies must keep pace with emerging challenges and opportunities, such as the shifts towards digitally-based data collection. Methods: We used a narrative review approach to synthesise research on promising recruitment and retention strategies for optimising engagement for the next generation of longitudinal adolescent health studies. Results: We identified a small number of well-evidenced strategies, emerging challenges and opportunities for recruitment and retention in contemporary studies, and key evidence gaps. Core recommendations include the use of well-evidenced strategies (e.g., incentivising participation, reducing barriers and burden, and investing in building positive relationships with participants) and co-producing recruitment and retention strategies with adolescents and parents of adolescents. Conclusion: More research is needed into successful recruitment/retention strategies for digital/remote data collection methods but initial evidence suggests that adopting principle and adapting well-evidenced strategies from traditional longitudinal studies is promising.
How can we track cognitive representations with Deep Neural Networks and intracranial EEG?
Authors: Pacheco Daniel
Published: January 2023

Studies harnessing the heuristic potential of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and the high spatiotemporal resolution of intracranial EEG (iEEG) data are providing fine-grained details about the nature of brain representations. Originally employed to simulate visual processing and object recognition in the ventral visual stream (VVS), DNNs have recently been applied as models of brain representation in higher-order cognitive domains. In addition to perception, this approach has recently yielded unprecedented insights in memory research, revealing the representational formats and temporal dynamics of working and episodic memory representations. In this chapter, the potential and the limitations of modeling cognitive representations with DNNs and iEEG data are reviewed.
People devalue generative AI’s competence but not its advice in addressing societal and personal challenges
Authors: Böhm Robert , Jörling Moritz , Reiter Leonhard , Fuchs Christoph
Published: January 2023

The release of ChatGPT and related tools have made generative artificial intelligence (AI) easily accessible for the broader public. We conducted four preregistered experimental studies (total N = 3,306; participants from the US) to investigate people’s perceptions of generative AI and the advice it generates on how to address societal and personal challenges. The results indicate that when individuals are (vs. are not) aware that the advice was generated by AI, they devalue the author’s competence but not the content or the intention to share and follow the advice on how to address societal challenges (Study 1) and personal challenges (Studies 2a and 2b). Study 3 further shows that individuals’ preference to receive advice from AI (vs. human experts) increases when they gained positive experience with generative AI advice in the past. The results are discussed regarding the nature of AI aversion in the context of generative AI and beyond.
'Obedient, but cheeky': Guardian Expectations of Canine Behavior and Companionship
Authors: Stephens-Lewis Danielle , Schenke Kimberley Caroline
Published: January 2023

Whilst dogs are adored companions worldwide, with an array of benefits associated with their companionship, high numbers continue to be relinquished each year due to perceived behavioural concerns. Subsequently, this paper addresses the question; What are guardian’s expectations of canine behaviour and companionship? Following a reflexive thematic analysis, five themes are discussed; A well-balanced dog, Obedient, Affection and Connection, Shared Interests, and Commitment. The findings highlight a wide range of expectations typically moving beyond realistic capabilities for both dogs and their guardians. Resultantly, we call for clearer conceptualization of canine behaviour, particularly in relation to the distinction between observable behaviour and behavioural interpretations (personality, temperament etc.). The findings build on the Perceived Canine Reactivity Framework aimed at accounting for the interplay between canine characteristics, human expectations and human capabilities when interpreting dog behaviour. Clarification on the facets of dog behaviour, in addition to better understanding guardian expectations, will aid the development of educational materials aimed at supporting existing human-dog relationships and the adoption matching process within canine adoptions. Accumulatively, this would aid successful human-dog bonding, reducing the risk for relinquishment.
Unequal Gradients: Sex, Skin Tone, and Intergenerational Economic Mobility
Authors: Monroy-Gómez-Franco Luis Angel , Vélez-Grajales Roberto , Yalonetzky Gastón
Published: January 2023

We study how the intersection between skin tone and sex shapes intergenerational mobility of economic resources in Mexico. Using two recent social mobility surveys, we estimate the rank persistence and transition matrices by sex combined with skin tone groups. First, we find no differences in intergenerational mobility patterns between light-skin men and women. Second, the colorist mobility pattern observed in previous literature affects men and women differently. Namely, while women of intermediate and dark-skin tonalities have a lower expected rank than their light-skin peers, only men of the darkest tonalities suffer from the same penalization. Thirdly, women of intermediate and darker skin tones have lower persistence rates at the top of the distribution of economic resources than men of the same skin tonality. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)
Variety, Velocity, Veracity, and Viability: Evaluating the Contributions of Crowdsourced and Professional Fact-checking
Authors: Zhao Andy , Naaman Mor
Published: January 2023

The tension between the increasing need for fact-checking and the limited capacity of fact-check providers inspired several crowdsourced approaches to address this challenge.However, little is known about how effectively crowdsourced fact-checking might perform, and there is no comprehensive framework to evaluate such fact-check providers.We fill this gap by proposing such a framework, using four dimensions (Variety, Velocity, Veracity, and Viability) to assess and compare the contributions of a crowdsourced fact-checking community and professional fact-checking sites. Our analysis shows the different focus these two types of sites have in terms of topic coverage (variety) and demonstrates that while crowdsourced fact-checkers are much faster than professionals (velocity) to answer new requests, these fact-checkers often build on the existing professional knowledge for repeated requests.In addition, our findings indicate that the accuracy of the crowdsourced community (veracity) parallels that of the professional sources; and that the crowdsourced fact-checks are perceived quite close to professionals in terms of objectivity, clarity, and persuasiveness (viability).
सङ्गीतमा नादानुसन्धान
Authors: पौडेल शिवराज
Published: January 2023

नादलाई साक्षात् ब्रह्मस्वरूप मानेको हुनाले सम्पूर्ण जगत नै नादको अधीनमा रहेको मानिन्छ । यहि नादको साधना वा माध्यमले ब्रह्म प्राप्ति अथवा अभिष्ट लक्ष्यको साक्षात्कार गर्नको लागि गरिने खोजलाई नादानुसन्धान भनिएको छ । सङ्गीतमा प्रयोग हुने ध्वनिलाई पनि नाद भनिएको छ । त्यसैले सङ्गीत सृजनाको आधार पनि नाद नै रहेको मान्न सकिन्छ । आहत र अनाहत गरी २ नादमा ब्रह्म साक्षात्कार गराउने नाद र लौकिक ख्याति प्राप्ति गराउने नादको उत्पत्ति, भेद, स्वरूप, लक्षण र महत्व लगायतका विषयमा स्पष्टता हासिल गर्नु नै यस अध्ययनको उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यसका लागि सङ्गीत एवं वैदिक वाङ्मयमा दिइएका तथ्य र प्रमाणहरूका आधारमा गुणात्मक विधिद्वारा व्याख्या तथा विश्लेषण गरी सुक्ष्मताले नियाल्ने र त्यसलाई उजागर गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ । ब्रह्म प्राप्ति अथवा मोक्षमार्गमा जान चाहनेले आहतको तुलनामा अनाहत नादको उपासना धेरै गर्ने गरेको र यसलाई मुक्तिदायक नाद मानेको पाइयो भने संसारको विलासिता र अनेक लौकिक इच्छा पूर्तिको कामना गर्नेहरूले केवल आहत नाद अर्थात् रक्तिदायक नादको साधना गर्ने गरेको पाइएको छ । साथै अनाहत नादको व्यवहारिक सङ्गीतसंग कुनै सम्वन्ध नरहेको भनिए तापनि अत्यन्त चञ्चल मन उपास्यब्रह्ममा स्थिर गर्न आहतनादले पनि ठुलो भूमिका निर्वहन गरेको हुन्छ भन्ने अध्ययनले देखाएको छ । नादानुसन्धानको विषयमा अध्ययन गर्न चाहनेहरूलाई यस अध्ययनको परिणामले ज्ञान अभिबृद्धि गर्नुको साथै शास्त्र प्रमाणित निश्चित मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्ने छ भन्ने अपेक्षा गरिएको छ ।
A Survey on Existing Measures of Cost-Benefits Analysis in Education
Authors: Paudel Minraj
Published: January 2023

Cost-benefit analysis helps the private sector to decide on additional investments in education. It also helps the social sector to make educational plans and policies. This paper aims to review the methods and procedures, current practices, and guiding theories for the study of cost-benefit analysis of education. This study is based on the review survey design, and the materials have been collected using the purposive sampling method. It is concluded in the study that to study the cost-benefit analysis of education, researchers have used only five sources of data; households, employees, employers, students and educational institutions. Furthermore, to estimate the rate of return to education, Ingredient Approach, Mincerian Log Earnings Function, Ordinary Least Square, Multiple Regression and Age-earning Profiles (before-tax, after-tax, adjusted and unadjusted profiles) have been used. Likewise, it is also found that the value of BCR, NPV, IRR, adjusted R2, Mean, and Standard Deviation should be used; and human capital theory as a guiding theory should also be used to analyze the cost-benefit analysis of education.
(Re)thinking English Language Teacher Education: Towards Contextualized and Coordinated Efforts for Enhancing Teacher Competencies
Authors: Poudel Prem Prasad
Published: January 2023

This paper explores issues around the implementation of English language teacher education programs in Nepal. It also presents the challenges facing teacher education and stakeholder opinions on future transformation of English language teacher education. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews with four teacher educators, four school heads, one assistant dean and 2 education officials. The analysis of the data adopted a grounded theory that enabled the author to build on themes emerging from the interview data, and the authors’ insider experience as an English language teacher educator further facilitated the contextual interpretation of the available data. The findings showed an existence of misalignment of the teacher education programs and contemporary market demands, thereby creating gaps between the graduates’ attributes and expectations of the schools. It further identified lack of coordination between school curriculum regulating agencies, teacher education institutions and the schools, that eventually led to the production of teaching human resources that lacked adequate competencies. This implies that English language teacher education programs needed reforms through competency-based framework. Findings further indicated a need for contextualization of current and prospective teachers’ professional development initiatives.
स्नातकोत्तर तहमा विद्यार्थी उपस्थिति र सहभागिताको मूल्याङकन प्रक्रियाप्रति सरोकारवालाको दृष्टिकोण {Evaluation process for student attendance and participation in post-graduate level The concern's point of view}
Authors: खनाल Khanal राजेन्द्र Rajendra
Published: January 2023

यस लेखमा त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षाशास्त्र स्नातकोत्तर तहको सेमेस्टर प्रणालीको आन्तरिक मूल्याङकनमा उपस्थिति र सहभागिताको अङकनप्रति शिक्षार्थी तथा शिक्षकको दृष्टिकोणलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यसमा क्षेत्रीय सर्वेक्षण विधि उपयोग गरिएको छ भने सुविधाजनक नमुना छनोट प्रक्रियाबाट तथ्य सङकलन गरिएको छ । यसका लागि शिक्षाशास्त्र सङकाय स्नातकोत्तर तहमा अध्यापनरत २५ जना शिक्षक तथा उक्त तहमा अध्ययनरत १०० जना विद्यार्थीलाई नमुनाका रूपमा लिई उनीहरूबाट प्राप्त अभिमतको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट पाठयक्रमको प्रावधान अनुरूपको विद्यार्थीहरूको उपस्थिति बापतको अङक वितरण प्रक्रिया एवम त्यसको विश्वसनीयता राम्रो रहेका ेअभिमत प्राप्त भएको छ । उक्त कथनमा शिक्षकको ९२ पतिशत र शिक्षार्थीको ९८ प्रतिशत सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया प्राप्त भएको छ । यसले आन्तरिक मूल्याङकन प्रक्रियामा उपस्थितिका लागि व्यवस्था गरिएको पाँँच अङक र त्यसको अङकन प्रणालीप्रति शिक्षक एवम शिक्षार्थी विश्वस्त भएको प्रमाणित गर्दछ भने त्यसको सान्दर्भिकता पनि पुष्टि हुन्छ । अर्कातर्पm आन्तरिक मूल्याङकन प्रक्रियामा सहभागिताका लागि निर्धारण गरिएको पाँच अङकको मूल्याङकन प्रक्रियालाई विद्यार्थीमैत्री बनाउन नसकिएको निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ । यस कथनमा ५८ प्रतिशत शिक्षार्थी र ६० पतिशत शिक्षक मात्र सकारात्मक देखिएका छन । यसबाट उक्त आधारमा गरिएको मूल्याङकन विद्यार्थीमैत्री हुन नसकेको अवस्थालाई उजागर हुन्छ । यो आँकडाले सहभागिता शीर्षकमा व्यवस्था गरिएको अङक र त्यसको प्रभावकारितामा सीमा रहेको प्रमाणित गर्दछ । {In this article, the views of learners and teachers towards the assessment of attendance and participation in the internal evaluation of Tribhuvan University Master's Degree in Education Semester System are presented. Regional survey method has been used and facts have been collected through convenient sample selection process. For this, 25 teachers and 100 students studying at the post-graduate level of the Faculty of Education have been analyzed. From this study, it has been concluded that the grade distribution process and its reliability regarding the attendance of the students according to the provisions of the curriculum are good. 92 percent of the teachers and 98 percent of the students responded positively to the statement. This proves that teachers and learners are confident about the five points arranged for attendance in the internal evaluation process and its marking system, and its relevance is also confirmed. On the other hand, it was concluded that the evaluation process of five points determined for participation in the internal evaluation process could not be made student-friendly. Only 58 percent of students and 60 percent of teachers are positive about this statement. This highlights the fact that the assessment done on that basis is not student-friendly. This figure proves that there are limits to the number of participation titles and their effectiveness.}
Heart Rate and Anthropometrical Study of Nepalese International Boxing Players
Authors: Amatya Diwakar Lal , Maharjan Pradip
Published: January 2023

The present study aimed to measure the HR response of boxing players during the four rounds of a punching before and after training to determine effectiveness of the training. Five international male Boxers who were participating in Asian Boxing Championship were selected with purposive sampling method. The data were collected during preparation camps for the championship. Each athlete was tested for various Anthropometric measurements necessary for the exact decimal ratings of Endomorphy, Mesomorphy and Ectomorphy equations developed by Carter and Heath (1990). Lafayette Skinfolds caliper has been used to measure the skin folds and for bone width measurement. For the Body Composition calculation, Drinkwater and Ross fractionation procedure (1980) was followed using Phantom model. Cardio-sport Heart Rate monitor was used to measure heart rate. Maximum heart rate and recovery heart rate were measured before and after training in 7 weeks interval on the same samples. Nepalese Boxers were observed with average somatotype of 1.97 – 4.49 – 2.23 falling in Ectomorphic – Mesomorph category. Nepalese International Boxer’s average age, height, body weight is 23.83 (S.D. 2.23), 168.1 cm (SD 8.5 cm) and 60.0 kg (SD 9.35) respectively. Nepalese Boxers are having 9.06 % body fat percentage and muscle mass 46.9 %. This study found the participants had good endurance capacity and improved their fitness level after 7-week training. This study suggested that they should give more emphasis in weight training. Future studies should conduct on larger samples including other sports and parameters.
Critical Friends Group for English Language Teachers’ Professional Development
Authors: Rayamajhi Juna
Published: January 2023

This article entitled 'Critical Friends Group (CFG) for English Language Teachers’ Professional Development' aims to investigate teachers’ perceptions towards CFG for English language teachers’ professional development. This is a qualitative research method based on narrative inquiry. The data was collected from five English language teachers teaching in five different government schools by using semi-structured interview. The participants were selected by using judgmental non- random sampling procedures. The findings showed that teachers perceived CFG as one of the plausible means of their professional development. It helped them to foster collaborative and critical learning in them because they were involved in observation, reading and discussion of various burning issues of English language teaching and learning. It also indicated that teachers perceived CFG as the best platform for enhancing the personal, social and professional development. It has enhanced the professionalism on the part of teachers cultivating the sense of mutual trust and understanding between and among the colleagues.
Cyberbullying and its Relationship with Smartphone Addiction
Authors: Maharjan Rocky , Gurung Laxmi
Published: January 2023

Smartphone and internet overuse can result into severe problems in users’ personal and social lives. In this backdrop, the present study aims to find the relationship between cyberbullying and smartphone addiction among BBA students. Participants were 123 males and 157 female students whose ages ranged from 17 to 29 years. The questionnaire with Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version (SAS-SV) and Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory-II (RCBI-II) were used to assess the smartphone addiction and cyberbullying respectively by using a convenience sampling method. The cyberbullying perpetration was reported by nearly 30% respondents and more than 60% respondents were victimized by cyberbullying. The password hacking and sending embarrassing and hurtful messages were common in cyberbullying. The study found that male students were significantly involved in cyberbullying perpetration. The study further revealed that time spent on smartphone in a day was significantly associated with both cyberbullying perpetration and cyberbullying victimization. This study found significantly positive correlation between smartphone addiction, cyberbullying perpetration and cyberbullying victimization. These results suggest the need to develop educational programme to educate the students to use smartphone effectively and safely to prevent cyberbullying.
A Review of the Tsirleson's Space Norm
Authors: Ojha Bhuwan Prasad
Published: January 2023

In most cases, the space of all sequences converging to zero or the space of bounded sequences is always embedded in complete normed linear spaces. This concept, however, was modified by B.S. Tsirelson by constructing reflexive complete normed linear spaces with monotone unconditional Schauder basis without embedded copies of sequences converging to zero or the space of bounded sequence. In this article, a relation with any four non-negative integers has been proved, and this concept is used to prove the triangle inequality of a slightly different Tsirelson’s type of norm in the space of all real sequences with finite support. Furthermore, all properties of the norm have been studied for a different type of norm function in the space of real sequences with finite support.
Symptom Assessment among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy In A Cancer Hospital
Authors: Gautam Roshani , Kalikotey Bhagwati , Shrestha Krishna Devi , Shrestha Archana
Published: January 2023

People with cancer usually experience various distressing symptoms while receiving chemotherapy. Early identification of distressing symptoms of patients receiving treatment is a crucial step toward providing quality nursing care for patients. This study aimed to assess the frequency, severity and distressing symptoms and its predictors among cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy. An Analytical cross-sectional study was done among 233 people receiving cancer chemotherapy in a Cancer Hospital. Convenience sampling method was adopted to select sample and data was collected by in-person interview. Out of 233 respondents, less than half(42.6%) belonged to the 40-59 years age group and male (53.6%). The common physical symptoms were pain (70%), lack of energy (67.8%), nausea (58.8%) and psychological symptoms were feeling sad (43.8%), worrying (43.8%) and difficulty sleeping (18.5%). The most severe symptoms experienced by respondents were pain, dry mouth, lack of energy and shortness of breath. Patient’s age (β=0.321, p <0.001), education ( β= 0.094, p <0.001). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (EOCG) ( β=0.340, p <0.001), number of chemotherapy cycle ( β=0.147, p 0.004) were found to be predictors for the physical symptoms. Likewise, for the global distress index, these variables explained 88.9% of this variance (p<0.001, r 2 =0.889). Education (β=0.078,p <0.001), duration of illness (β=0.081, p =0.032) , age (β=0.0.211, p <0.001), ECOG(β=0.0264, p <0.001) were found to be predictors for the global distress index.
Financial Literacy and Individual Investors’ Stock Market Participation in Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Pitambar
Published: January 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of financial literacy on individual investors’ stock market participation (SMP). The data were collected through a survey-structured questionnaire. This paper has applied descriptive as well as causal research design to examine the effect of financial literacy on individual investors’ stock market participation (SMP) in Nepal. Investors’ SMP is a dependent variable and financial literacy-related variables; financial knowledge, behavior, and attitude are considered as explanatory variables. The results of this paper show that investors who are participating in the Nepalese stock market have a high level of basic financial knowledge on taxes, time value of money, money illusion, and inflation. In addition, descriptive results reveal that investors have advanced financial knowledge with positive financial behavior and attitudes which implies a higher level of financial literacy of stock investors. Moreover, correlation results indicate a positive association of financial literacy with individual investors’ SMP. Finally, the regression results of this study conclude financial literacy variables (financial knowledge, behavior, and attitude) all have a positive and significant impact on investors’ stock market participation in Nepal. The Nepalese government, the policy makers, and the regulatory bodies of the stock market should make effective and sound policies and programs to increase individual investors’ financial knowledge, positive behavior, and attitude which lead to attracting more individual investors for stock market participation in Nepal.
Networked Unionism: Reframing the Labour Movement and Starbucks Workers United’s Hybrid Organising Practices
Authors: Canella Gino
Published: January 2023

Union organising is surging in the United States, especially among younger workers in the service industries. This article examines this uptick in labour organising through a case study of Starbucks Workers United (SBWU). I studied this campaign from March to December 2022 using a variety of online and offline methods: conducting twenty-three in-depth interviews with SBWU organisers; attending strikes, direct actions, and planning meetings; and following these groups on social media. This study addresses two main questions: How are SBWU organisers communicating unionisation with their co-workers and to broader publics? And, how are social media influencing workers’ organising practices? Despite claims that social media are “a great radicalier”, this study demonstrates how workers were politicised by their material conditions in an industrialising workplace. While media helped organisers amplify their messages and recruit new members, the social relationships among organisers were central to SBWU’s early growth. By detailing how organisers navigated the contradictions within networked media, this study shows how worker-led campaigns like SBWU are reshaping the structure and composition of the US labour movement.
A Critical Survey of Open-Access Policies in US Land Grants
Authors: Potvin Sarah , Arant-Kaspar Wendi
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Land-grant universities in the United States and the international open-access (OA) movement both purport to advance public access to knowledge and assert a public benefit to doing so. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that land-grant universities would have a high rate of adoption of institutional OA policies. To date, no study has looked at OA approaches or policies across the land grants. Methods: This study considers the critical literature on both land-grants and OA, surveys land-grant institutional OA policies, and analyzes relevant demographic and financial data.Results: The study identified 15 mandates and 4 resolutions across the diverse institutional types and populations represented in the 112 land-grants. None of the 21 historically Black colleges and universities or 35 tribal colleges and universities among the land-grants have adopted OA policies. Conclusion: Despite shared objectives, land-grant colleges and universities have not systematically embraced OA, and relatively few have adopted institutional OA policies. In the context of profound, institutionalized inequities among the land-grants, and attentive to the potential of OA to deepen existing inequities, this study considers the causes of and implications for low institutional OA policy adoption among land-grants. 
América Latina y su riqueza fitogenética
Authors: Díaz Maynard A.
Published: January 2023

Se presenta la riqueza fitogenética de América Latina y su aporte a la dieta mundial. Se describen algunos problemas agudos en el mundo moderno: erosión genética y controversias con respecto a la apropiación de los recursos fitogenéticos. Se establece un esquema con fases del proceso de manejo de los recursos fitogenéticos, desde la recolección al uso productivo. Se analizan para América Latina, con mayor énfasis para los países del Cono Sur, debilidades en diferentes fases y se concluye que el esfuerzo de recolección excede al producto final en términos de domesticación y uso productivo de especies nativas. Se hace referencia a la domesticación de especies y se ejemplifica con un caso histórico: el de la yerba mate (Ilex paraguayensis). Se analizan con detalle los recursos fitogenéticos de Uruguay, cuya identificación proviene de hace muchas décadas, lo cual contrasta con el escaso número de nuevas especies domesticadas. Se presentan reflexiones y propuestas para integrar y dinamizar las fases del mencionado proceso, a partir de objetivos regionales de largo plazo, orientados a servir sistemas productivos específicos y sostenibles. Se enfatiza en la necesidad de un verdadero cambio cultural, a nivel de decisores políticos y técnicos, que conduzca a repensar prioridades y a establecer estrategias adecuadas, con firme apoyo de las instituciones públicas y la participación dinámica de productores y comunidades locales. Todo lo cual constituye un potente desafío a nuestra creatividad técnico-política.
Composición fenólica de las uvas de las principales variedades tintas de Vitis vinifera cultivadas en Uruguay
Authors: González-Neves G. , Gil G. , Barreiro L. , Ferrer M. , Franco J.
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio de tres años (2001-2003) de la composición fenólica de uvas tintas de las variedades Tannat, Cabernet-Sauvignon y Merlot. Los viñedos considerados estaban situados en el sur de Uruguay y comprendieron diversas situaciones de cultivo, de manera de obtener uvas representativas de la diversidad regional. Las uvas analizadas fueron muestreadas en la vendimia y se determinaron la composición de base, el potencial polifenólico y la composición antociánica pormenorizada. Las bayas de Tannat tuvieron los mayores porcentajes de semillas (4,9 % ± 0,5) y un peso medio (1,9 g ± 0,1) significativamente superior, en relación con las otras variedades. Las uvas de esta variedad tuvieron también los mayores contenidos de azúcares (233,9 g/L ± 18,4), acidez total (5,2 g/L ± 0,7), polifenoles totales (I.P.T.: 87,9 ± 17,6), antocianos totales (2758,3 mg/L ± 810,7) y antocianos extraíbles (1344,2 mg/L ± 393,2) y los menores valores de pH (3,37 ± 0,07). También tuvieron las mayores proporciones de antocianos en forma de glucósidos no acilados (74,6 % ± 2,7), petunidina (16,6 % ± 1,1) y delfinidina (12,4 % ± 1,8). Las uvas de CabernetSauvignon tuvieron los mayores porcentajes de hollejos (11,0 % ± 1,2), el menor peso medio del grano (1,5 g± 0,1) y las mayores proporciones de antocianos como glucósidos acetilados (32,1 % ± 1,3) y malvidina (72,9 % ± 1,8). Las uvas de Merlot presentaron las mayores proporciones de antocianos en forma de glucósidos cumarilados (9,6 % ± 1,4) y de peonidina (11,6 % ± 1,2). El efecto del año de producción sobre la composición polifenólica de las uvas fue muy importante, reflejando el impacto de las condiciones climáticas sobre la síntesis de estos compuestos.
Olfatómetro simple para evaluar la actividad biológica de aleloquímicos vegetales en Tribolium castaneum herbst (coleoptera: tenebrionidae)
Authors: Dal Bello G. , Padín S.
Published: January 2023

Se utilizó un método simple para evaluar la actividad biológica de extractos vegetales de Lippia alba, Mentha x piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Quassia amara y Schinus molle, en relación a la repelencia y mortalidad del carcoma castaño de la harina Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). La efectividad repelente de los derivados botánicos fue alta, alcanzando en conjunto 77-96 %. Los extractos aplicados sobre los granos de trigo resultaron levemente tóxicos y causaron 20-40 % de mortalidad a los 7 días del tratamiento.
Efecto de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus sp. sobre el recurso suelo en Uruguay: Parte II: suelos
Authors: Delgado S. , Alliaume F. , García Prechac F. , Hernández J.
Published: January 2023

Se sintetiza el conocimiento sobre el impacto de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus Sp. sobre algunos suelos de Uruguay (Acrisoles, Luvisoles, Argisoles, Inceptisoles), generados en trabajos del Dpto. de Suelos y Aguas de la FA-UDELAR. En 12 casos estudiados los suelos forestados presentaron menor pH, más aluminio intercambiable y menor saturación en bases que los que permanecen bajo las pasturas previas. En siete casos estudiados, el carbono orgánico mostró una tendencia a la disminución en la parte superior del horizonte A. En otros horizontes no surgen resultados claros, aunque en algunos sitios se observó una tendencia hacia el aumento de carbono orgánico en la base del A o inicio del B en los suelos forestados, comparados con los que permanecen bajo la pastura original. Si bien estos cambios de distribución vertical podrían no determinar cambios en el contenido de carbono del perfil, la presencia del mantillo (horizonte O) en los suelos forestados permitiría concluir que en las plantaciones forestales ocurre un aumento en la cantidad total de carbono orgánico del suelo. En un monitoreo de cinco años, el contenido de agua del suelo forestado fue siempre menor que bajo pastura: en verano, por la mayor evapotranspiración, y en invierno por la menor capacidad de retención de agua. Dos ensayos mostraron que el estado de degradación del suelo por su uso previo impactó significativamente en la productividad. Si se logra buen control químico de la vegetación preexistente y de las malezas, el laboreo de los suelos respecto al no-laboreo, no arroja diferencias para la plantación de eucaliptos, independientemente del uso previo.
Forestación en pastizales: hacia una visión integral de sus oportunidades y costos ecológicos
Authors: Jobbágy E. G. , Vasallo M. , Farley K. A. , Piñeiro G. , Garbulsky M. F. , Nosetto M. D. , Jackson R. B. , Paruelo J. M.
Published: January 2023

El establecimiento de plantaciones forestales sobre pastizales se expande en Argentina y Uruguay, incentivado por los altos rendimientos, el apoyo fiscal y posiblemente por el inminente comercio de bonos de carbono. Evaluamos como esta transformación afecta la producción de bienes y servicios de los ecosistemas, sintetizando información preexistente y original acerca de su influencia sobre la producción de biomasa y la dinámica del agua y la circulación de nutrientes. Mediciones de campo y satelitales muestran que la productividad primaria de las plantaciones forestales en Uruguay, Corrientes y Entre Ríos superó a la de los pastizales. Este aumento en la productividad fue acompañado por una mayor evapotranspiración y un menor rendimiento hidrológico que redujo a la mitad el caudal de cuencas forestadas en Córdoba y Uruguay, en acuerdo con lo observado en 26 pastizales forestados de todo el mundo. En Buenos Aires, donde el agua freática se encuentra cerca de la superficie, los árboles pueden utilizar agua subterránea, salinizando suelos y napas. Las plantaciones forestales en la mayoría de los pastizales de la región acidifican el suelo y en algunos casos el agua de los arroyos, principalmente debido al elevado consumo de calcio. Es apremiante generar información acerca de otros impactos de las forestaciones tales como cambios en la dinámica del fuego y el avance de especies invasoras. Reconocer integralmente la influencia de las forestaciones sobre la producción de servicios y bienes permitirá plantear sistemas y políticas forestales más sustentables y útiles para la sociedad.
Influencia del tipo de brote en el cuajado y crecimiento del fruto del tangor ortanique
Authors: da Cunha Barros M. , Gravina A.
Published: January 2023

El presente estudio se realizó en plantas adultas de tangor Ortanique (Citrus sinensis L. Osb. x C. reticulata Bl.), ubicadas en una plantación comercial situada en Kiyú, departamento de San José (34º 60’ LS), injertadas sobre P.trifoliata L. Raf., en condiciones de riego localizado. Se marcaron 400 brotes reproductivos (100 de flor terminal, 100 mixtos, 100 inflorescencias y 100 de flor solitaria) en un total de 25 plantas con un diseño completamente aleatorio. La intensidad de floración promedio de la población fue de 20 flores/100 nudos. La abscisión de estructuras reproductivas se prolongó por un período de 90 días postfloración (DPF), concentrándose el 60% del total entre los 30 y 70 días. A partir de los 40 DPF, la abscisión de frutitos en brotes sin hojas fue mayor que en los foliados y dentro de éstos, mayor en los multiflorales. El cuajado final, considerando todos los brotes fue alto, alcanzando el 15.3% del total de flores formadas. En conjunto, los brotes con hojas presentaron un porcentaje de cuajado significativamente mayor al de los brotes sin hojas. Considerando cada tipo de brote, los terminales alcanzaron el 39.2%, seguidos por los mixtos (16.8%), solitarios (9.9%) e inflorescencias (7.2%). Los brotes de flor terminal con 5 o más hojas cuajaron significativamente más que los de 1-4 hojas. El crecimiento de los frutos ajustó en todos los casos al modelo logístico, completando su desarrollo en 300 días. La máxima tasa de crecimiento se ubicó entre los 70 y 90 DPF para todos los tipos de brote. En conjunto, los frutos ubicados en brotes con hojas, uni o multiflorales alcanzaron un tamaño final mayor que los ubicados en brotes sin hojas, presentando un diámetro de pedúnculo significativamente superior.
Mortalidad de adultos de Cycloneda sanguinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) provocada por extractos naturales biocidas de áfidos
Authors: Carrizo P. , Pelicano A. , Podeley A.
Published: January 2023

Adultos de Cycloneda sanguinea fueron expuestos a residuos de extractos de trichilia, eucalipto, paraíso y ricino (n=10/trat). La mortalidad se comparó mediante Chicuadrado y pruebas Post-hoc pareadas (alfa=0,05). La prueba fue significativa y todos los extractos se separaron del testigo, ordenándose: trichilia > paraíso > eucalipto = ricino > testigo.
Respuesta de maíz a fertilizaciones definidas con diferentes criterios de recomendación
Authors: Perdomo C. , Cardellino G.
Published: January 2023

La fertilización de maíz en Uruguay se decide parcialmente en base a datos de análisis de suelo, pero la interpretación de esta información con los diferentes criterios existentes pueden producir una amplia gama de recomendaciones de nutrientes y dosis. La comparación y validación de estos criterios sólo puede efectuarse mediante experimentación de campo en condiciones diversas de suelo, manejo y clima. Durante tres zafras, comprendidas entre los años 1999 y 2002, se instalaron 12 ensayos de fertilización en sitios comerciales de maíz ubicados en el litoral oeste del país. Los tratamientos consistieron en cuatro recomendaciones de fertilización, dos generadas en Uruguay (URU1 y URU2) y dos en Estados Unidos de América (USA1 y USA2). Se incluyó, además, un tratamiento testigo sin fertilizar. En promedio existió una clara respuesta a la fertilización, aunque las diferencias de rendimiento entre los tratamientos fertilizados fueron bajas (menores a 500 kg ha-1). De todas maneras, los tratamientos “USA” rindieron significativamente más que los “URU”. En promedio los mayores retornos netos por fertilización se obtuvieron con USA2 (182 U$ ha-1) y URU1 (160 U$ ha-1), los tratamientos que recomendaron agregar menos nutrientes y menores dosis. El menor resultado económico fue producido por USA1, el tratamiento que recomendó fertilizar con más nutrientes y mayores dosis (104 U$ ha-1). Este resultado sugiere que en las condiciones de producción de Uruguay las recomendaciones más conservadoras podrían producir los mejores resultados económicos.