bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geofencing technology implementation for pet tracker using Arduino based on Android
Authors: Setiawan Deni , Sari Marti Widya , Hardyanto R.Hafid
Published: March 2021

The risk of losing pets, especially pets without a leash, usually occurs because animals get lost or stolen by irresponsible people. Owners can look for themselves to the nearest environment, ask people around, to make announcement posters at strategic places. Searching in this way takes a lot of time and effort and the pets you are looking for are not necessarily found immediately. So we need an application and an animal tracking device in order to find out the location of the animal’s whereabouts, one of which is by using a tracking device that utilizes the Global Positioning System (GPS). This study aims to implement geofencing technology for pet tracking using Android-based Arduino. The application development stage includes analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. This program is implemented using U-Blox Neo 6M to track location with GPS network, SIM800L is used to send coordinate point data to trackers using GPRS network, and Arduino pro mini to manage input and output processes from the system. The test results show the tools and applications can run well. The android based pet tracker that is made can receive notification when a pet goes out of a predefined geofence limit.
OpenCV and Machine Learning Implementation for the Vehicles Classification and Calculation in the Parking Tax Monitoring System at the Bantul Regency Regional Financial and Asset Agency (BKAD)
Authors: Agustiani D , Wardani S , Riyadi A
Published: March 2021

After regional autonomy has been implemented in Indonesia, local governments must maximize its revenue through various sectors, including the Bantul Regency government. One source of regional income is a local tax, based on law no 28 of 2009, one type of tax-managed by local government is the parking tax. Either an off-street parking lots, those provided in connection with the business principal, those provided as a business, or motor vehicle daycare (Indonesian Law No.28 of 2009). The parking tax is a self-assessment tax. Taxpayers will calculate their amount of tax that must be paid to the government. Therefore, the local government should conduct oversight of the reports of taxpayers. One form of supervision carried out is to monitor the number of vehicles at the taxpayer’s location. Officers then record the number of vehicles based on vehicle classification, whether they were two-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicles or other vehicle types. Currently, monitoring is done manually using a mechanical counter. This monitoring may have the risk of being miscalculated or wrongly recorded due to the monitoring officer’s oversight. Computer vision (OpenCV library) and machine learning (Mask R-CNN), is expected to minimize these errors and optimize the officers’ performance on duty.
Planting Self-Confident Characters Assisted by Technology and Science Through Reading Activities
Authors: Indriani Silvia , Utaminingsih Sri , Kanzunnudin Mohammad
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is describing the implementation of reading activity in SD 2 Garung Kidul, the cultivation of self-confidence character through reading activity, the obstacles factors in the cultivation of self-confidence through reading activity, giving the solution in order to solve the problem in the cultivating of self-confidence character through reading activity. The technic of data collecting is using interview, observation, and document research. For data validity is using the data credibility tested which is involving extension and triangulations. For the analysis is using interactive analysis in order to explain the data which is obtained by interview, observation, and document research. The result of the research showed that: 1. The implementation of routine reading in every single day for fifteen minutes before started the learning activity. 2. The cultivation of self-confidence through reading activity in fifteen minutes can be seen in the student’s understanding about the story of the book is being successfully. 3. The obstacles which faced in this research are being on time, variety of books, reading fluency. 4. The solution of facing the obstacles are giving the reading book which is having similarity in student’s handout, utilizing the library, and choosing the right book.
Double Speed Electric Rotary Machine As Technology In Making Remitan Crafts
Authors: Purwaningrum Jayanti Putri , Purbasari Imaniar , Rini Gilang Puspita , Fajrie Nur
Published: March 2021

Remitan Crafts are traditional children’s toys made from clay in the form of miniature kitchen utensils that are handmade with human power as the main driving force for their manufacture. The double speed electric rotary machine is a product creation that created to support remitan handicraft businesses and the comfortable of making remitan, with rotations that human can manage it adjusted to the level of need. The methods and stages used in machine manufacturing are field observation and review, designing machine prototypes, identifying product specifications, manufacturing and testing of double speed electric rotary machine. As for the results of the study, it was found that the double speed electric rotary machine is a machine in the form of a circular rotary table used to make pottery or remitan using electric power with 1 Phase 0,5; Rpm 1400 electro motor. This machine uses an electric control which can directly adjust the rotation. Engine with two speeds, high speed and low speed. This double speed electric rotary machine is a simple machine which is easy to install in people’s homes or educational institutions, tourist attractions, and so on because of its low electricity consumptions.
Development Of Social Science Teaching Materials By Using A Scientific Approach Based On The Surrounding Environment In Grade IV Students Of SD 1 Jati Kulon
Authors: Khabib Nur , Majdi Hilal , Su’ad
Published: March 2021

Learning will be more meaningful if the learning process can integrate technology, nature, and culture, so that educational goals can be achieved. Behavioral changes that occur in a person are the result of the learning process. The development model used in research is a type of research R & D (Research and Development). The result of this research is that the resulting product in the form of social studies teaching materials based on a scientific approach based on the environment is the result of the development of existing teaching materials. The conclusions of this study indicate that social studies teaching materials based on a scientific approach based on the environment are proven to be effective in improving scientific thinking skills in the fourth grade students on the first semester of social studies learning in SD Negeri 1 Jati Kulon.
Implementation problem based learning model using zoom meeting application
Authors: Kustiyani Ary , Surachmi W Sri , Suad
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the implementation of online learning with the problem based learning model in class V of Dempet 1 Public Elementary School. The research method used is qualitative, namely the research is carried out in natural conditions (natural setting). The research location is in class V Dempet 1 State Elementary School, Dempet District, Demak Regency. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis used Milles and Hubermen techniques, namely data collection, data reduction, data verification and conclusions. The results showed that online learning with a problem-based learning model in class V Dempet 1 Elementary school ran smoothly according to the learning tools (RPP and SYLABUS) and in accordance with the steps of the problem based learning model. Learning is carried out by forming groups then solving problems related to the material presented by the teacher. Students are required to identify problems, analyze and find answers.
The Effectiveness of the Development of Problem Based Learning Model Based on Bakiak Game Technology in Mathematics Learning in Elementary Schools
Authors: Imama N , Utaminingsih S , Madjdi A H
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the development of the bakiak game-based PBL model in mathematics learning in elementary schools. The study used the Research and Development (R n D) research method which was simplified into seven stages. Active, creative, innovative, and contextual problem-based mathematics learning must be considered. PBL as an alternative to the learning model needed today. Learning mathematics is learning that many students do not like. Learning must be transformed using attractive media. One of the technologies that can be used is bakiak games. This game is fun and can be used to discover the concept of speed as a comparison of distance and time. The results showed the development of the PBL model based on bakiak technology in mathematics learning was proven to be effective and could increase students’ activity and mathematics learning outcomes.
Education and Training Technology Increases Teacher Competence
Authors: Redjeki Handayani , Sukirman  , Santoso
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of training on teacher competence. This study uses a quantitative approach to survey method with the independent variable x training, and the dependent variable y teacher competence. The research was conducted in public elementary schools in Jati sub-district, Kudus Regency. Teacher competence is a combination of personnel, scientific, technological, social, and spiritual abilities that become the standard of teacher professional competence, which includes material mastery, student understanding, educational learning, self-development and professionalism. Training is the development of skills, skills, dexterity (Skill Building) in carrying out tasks. Supervision is a coaching activity planned to assist teachers and other school staff in carrying out work effectively. This study also uses data collection methods used are questionnaires, observation, and literature study. Meanwhile, data analysis was performed through editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating. The results showed that training can improve teacher competence in SD NegeriJati, subdistrict Kudus Regency in 2020. The results of testing the training hypothesis can improve teacher competence which shows a t value of 2.134 and uses a significance limit of 0.002. the significance level is less than 0.05, and t table n = 74 is 1.993. Due to the value of t count> t table (2.134> 1. 993), training can improve teacher competence.
The Use of Technology in Online Learning to Improve Discipline
Authors: Sa’diyah Roikatus , Su’ad  , Setiadi Gunawan
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the use of technology in online learning on discipline. The research design used is descriptive correlational with inter-variable relationship design. The approach used in this research is quantitative. This type of research is correlational or looks for the influence between the independent variable teacher work motivation (X1) and principal leadership (X2), with the dependent variable: teacher discipline (Y). The research will be conducted July to August 2020 in 32 public elementary schools. The total population is 254 and 150 samples are randomly selected. The technique of data collecting is questionnaires. The data distribution will be tested using normality test, homogeneity test, linearity test, multicollinearity test. The data then analyzed using simple linear regression analysis test, t test, multiple linear regression analysis by SPSS. It was know that the data were normally distributed, homogeneous, linear and not multikolinier. Hypothesis tests found: 1). there is a relationship variables X1 to X2 by the equation Y = 30.949 + 0.741 X1 accepted as true., 2). there is a relationship X2 to Y by the equation Y = 25.189 + 0.778 X2. 3). there is a positive relationship between motivation and academic leadership principals to teachers discipline expressed by the equation Y = 14.459 + 0.459 X1 + 0.443 X2.
Science-Based Character Building
Authors: Suwiji Muhammad Imam , Murtono  , Su’ad
Published: March 2021

This study aims to (1) explain the factual cooperative learning model of the jigsaw type in elementary school, (2) explain the design of the character-based cooperative learning model that can improve understanding of science in elementary school, (3) explain the hypothetical model of character-based cooperative learning. understanding of science in elementary school after going through the validation test, (4) Explaining the final cooperative learning model based on character-based jigsaw can improve understanding of science in elementary school after going through a limited test. This study uses a Research & Development (R&D) approach. The research design used is based on the development carried out by Borg and Gall which consists of potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing and product revision. The product produced from this research is a character-based cooperative learning model. The limited trial results also showed an increase in learning outcomes in the experimental class, from 52.90 to 80.58. The development of a character-based jigsaw-type cooperative learning model can also improve the character of being friendly and socially caring.
The use of technology in learning can improve discipline
Authors: Vebriani Niasari , Utomo Slamet , Suad
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine how much influence the leadership style has on the discipline of public SD teachers in Jati District, Kudus. The research approach used is quantitative reseach the population of this study were 278 civil servant teachers of SD Negeri in JatiSubdistrict, Kudus Regency. 74 samples were taken using random sampling technique. The data collection method used was a questionnaire method. prior to the data analysis, the validity and reliability tests were conducted, the classical assumption tests were then carried out with regression analysis (T) and multiple regression (F). The results showed that the principal’s leadership style had an effect on the discipline of public elementary school teacher in JatiKabupaten Kudus as evidenced by the t count of 3.143 which was greater than the t table value of 0.679 with the significance probability of 0.001 smaller that α = 0.25
Electron lenses: historical overview and outlook
Authors: Shiltsev V.
Published: March 2021

The first electron lenses — understood as “lenses made of
electrons” rather than “lenses to focus electrons” — were
envisioned in the mid-1990s and built in the early 2000s for
compensation of beam-beam effects in the Tevatron proton-antiproton
collider. Since then, the lenses — a novel instrument for
high-energy particle accelerators — have been added to the toolbox
of modern beam facilities, being particularly useful for the energy
frontier superconducting hadron colliders (“supercolliders”). In
this article we briefly present the history of ideas and
developments toward effective use of low-energy high-current bright
electron beams in high energy accelerators and discuss the promise
of their future applications.
McMillan electron lens in a system with space charge
Authors: Nagaitsev S. , Lobach I. , Stern E. , Zolkin T.
Published: March 2021

Space charge (SC) forces of a circulating beam in a ring
have both linear (defocusing) and nonlinear components, due to a
nonuniform beam distribution. The linear component of SC forces
produces a betatron tune shift, which is the largest for a
zero-amplitude particle, while the nonlinear component produces an
amplitude-dependent betatron tune spread. These SC effects are
responsible for several undesirable phenomena in accelerators:
emittance growth, particle losses, beam halo, etc. In this paper,
we investigate the possibility to mitigate the distributed SC forces
by a thin McMillan lens, providing an axially-symmetric kick, which
is qualitatively opposite to the accumulated effect of beam's own
SC. Experimentally, the proposed concept can be tested in Fermilab's
IOTA ring. A thin McMillan lens can be implemented by a short
(70) insertion of an electron beam with a specifically
chosen density distribution in transverse directions. In this
article, to test if McMillan lenses can reduce the tune spread
induced by SC, we make several simulations with a 6-D particle
tracking code, Synergia. We choose such beam and lattice parameters
that the SC tune spread is roughly 0.5 and the emittance growth due
to the half-integer resonance is clearly observed without the SC
compensation. Then, we focus on reducing the emittance growth by
adjusting the bare betatron tunes using the ring quadrupoles, and
reducing the tune spread by the McMillan lenses. The results of
reducing a large tune spread (≈ 0.5), reported here, are not
perfect, but substantial. There is still room for further
investigation. The simulations performed so far indicate that
McMillan lenses can cope with an SC tune spread of ≈ 0.1 per
lens.
On possibility of space-charge compensation in the Fermilab Booster with multiple electron columns
Authors: Alexahin Yu. , Kapin V.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we study the possibility of the space-charge
compensation in the Fermilab Booster rapid cycling synchrotron with
the use of several electron columns and show the significant promise
of such technique.
Editorial announcements and information — ICFA Beam Dynamics Newsletter No. 81
Authors: Hofmann I. , Shiltsev V.
Published: March 2021

This is a general information article of the ICFA Beam
Dynamics Newsletter No. 81. It contains two forewords from the
Editor-in-Chief and the issue editor, a workshop and conference
report section, a recent Ph.D. thesis section, a forthcoming beam
dynamics events section, and a section of announcements from the
beam dynamics panel.
Comparison of regulatory approaches for determining application limits for nitrogen fertilizer use in Germany
Authors: Löw Philipp , Osterburg Bernhard , Klages Susanne
Published: March 2021

This study examined the suitability of three different indicators as entry points for agricultural regulation for limiting excess nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs in Germany: net soil surface balance, gross farm-gate balance, and fertilization planning. Data on about 6000 farms in Germany were grouped into types for comparative analysis. The design of the regulatory approaches and the reliability of constituent parameters were then examined, and proportions of affected farms and mean N reduction requirements were identified. This revealed that: (a) design and purpose of the regulatory approaches differ, but the data requirements are very similar; (b) the parameters involved differ in reliability and integrity; and (c) the limits for maximum N fertilizer input at farm level vary with approach and farm type.
Generalized symmetries and integrability conditions for hyperbolic type semi-discrete equations
*
Authors: Garifullin Rustem N , Habibullin Ismagil T
Published: March 2021

In the article differential-difference (semi-discrete) lattices of hyperbolic type are investigated from the integrability viewpoint. More precisely we concentrate on a method for constructing generalized symmetries. This kind integrable lattices admit two hierarchies of generalized symmetries corresponding to the discrete and continuous independent variables n and x. Symmetries corresponding to the direction of n are constructed in a more or less standard way while when constructing symmetries of the other form we meet a problem of solving a functional equation. We have shown that to handle with this equation one can effectively use the concept of characteristic Lie–Rinehart algebras of semi-discrete models. Based on this observation, we have proposed a classification method for integrable semi-discrete lattices. One of the interesting results of this work is a new example of an integrable equation, which is a semi-discrete analogue of the Tzizeica equation. Such examples were not previously known.
The influence of farmer behavior and motivation in land conservation on farmers’ income in the upper Ciliwung Watershed, Bogor Regency
Authors: Arifien Y , Anggarawati S , Wibaningwati D B
Published: March 2021

Land conservation in the upstream Ciliwung watershed is an effort to achieve sustainable development. Considering that land conservation is external, assistance from the government is needed to implement it, especially for farmers as conservation users of land resources. The purpose of this study is the influence of farmer behavior in land conservation and motivation about land conservation on farmers’ income in the Ciliwung Hulu watershed, Bogor Regency. This research is explanatory research with a descriptive method where data collection using survey techniques. This research was conducted in the Ciliwung watershed, namely Cisarua and Megamendung Districts, Bogor Regency. To find out the behavior and motivation of farmers in land conservation that affect the income level of farmers, it was identified using the Multiple Linear Regression analysis model with OLS (Ordinary Least Square) estimation. The results showed that the behavior and motivation of farmers in land conservation in the Upper Ciliwung watershed, Bogor Regency influenced efforts to increase farmers’ income. An alternative cropping pattern, it is recommended to plant leeks once in the rainy season accompanying rice and two times to plant mustard greens accompanying leeks in the dry season.
Solar water pump as a solution for clean water distribution in Nunleu village, Amanatun Selatan District, Timor Tengah Selatan-NTT
Authors: Dana S , Gah A M
Published: March 2021

Nunleu Village is one of the villages in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency in NTT in which until now has experienced difficulties in accessing clean water. The difficulty in clean water distribution is not caused by the unavailability of water sources, but due to the Nunleu topology which consists of valleys and cliffs where the majority of the water sources are located under cliffs and valleys. This situation is exacerbated by the absence of electricity supply from PLN. This study aims to design and build a solar-powered water pump system to help Nunleu residents in the distribution of clean water. The solar pump system was built in Dusun 2 Nunleu which has a total population 150 with needs per capita per day is 40 liters. Result of the research shows that the water pump system built in Nunleu village was able to provide 6000 liters of clean water in approximately 5 hours.
The Estimation of Metabolizable Energy Using an Analysis of Ruminal Fermented Gas Production in Protected Lemuru Fish Oil
Authors: Kustantinah  , Dewi R R , Muhlisin
Published: March 2021

This study has purpose to estimate the metabolic energy of protected lemuru fish oil using the rumen fermentation gas production analysis. This study applied a combination of treatments, which is differences in NaOH concentrations and drying methods on the total gas production in vitro. The gas production was determined at the incubation of 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. This study applied a Completely Randomized Design on 3x2 factorial. The parameters observed included the total gas production, the data were tested using an analysis of variance and continued with the Duncan test. The results of this study indicated that at the incubation time of 48 hours and 72 hours, there was no difference in the interaction between the NaOH concentration and the drying method on the total gas production, and there was a significant difference between the NaOH concentration and the drying method in terms of metabolizable energy (ME). The results of the highest ME value in the protected lemuru fish oil were 10% NaOH concentration and the sun drying method was 4.56 MJ/Kg BK, it can be concluded that the ME estimation is influenced by the yield of incubation gas production for 24 hours.
Application of automatic system for water stress treatment to produce high soluble solids tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv Rinka 409)
Authors: Anggraeni F D , Falah M A F , Khuriyati N , Nishina H , Takayama K , Takahashi N
Published: March 2021

The objectives of this study were to confirm the application of automatic system for detecting the water stress and the compatibility of the water stress treatment system for producing high soluble solids tomato fruits in high technology greenhouse. The tomato variety used, “Rinka 409”, was grown hydroponically with a high-wire system in high technology greenhouse in Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Japan. The greenhouse has a full controlling system (temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, and light intensity) to support the seasonal change and was adjusted to the real-time condition. Water stress condition of the tomato plant in the high technology greenhouse was detected by measuring the water content in the rockwool slab and by using visual monitoring system. The result showed that the automatically nutrient supplying system using visual monitoring system based on speaking plant approach technology could be used for the detection of water stress in the tomato plant. Using this system, water stress tomato cultivation was detected and the high soluble solids tomato fruits could be produced continuously to fulfill consumer expectation.
Development of calibration model for pH content of intact tomatoes using a low-cost Vis/NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Wati R K , Pahlawan M F R , Masithoh R E
Published: March 2021

Determination of pH of intact tomatoes was investigated using a low-cost Vis/NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode. The best calibration model measured pH in intact tomatoes using wavelength range of 527-799 nm with RC
2
and SEC of 0.90 and 0.04, respectively. The prediction model obtained SEP, Bias, and RPD of 0.11, 0.007, and 1.17, respectively. The low-cost Vis/NIR type instrument is promising to be used for food and agricultural applications.
Rain water harvesting: a sustainable alternative for domestic water supply in South–Western Nigeria: in the case study of Ado-Odo/Ota LGA Ogun State
Authors: Ogbiye AS , Fagbenle E , Busari AA , Onakunle OO , Omole DO
Published: March 2021

Nigeria is currently facing various environmental challenges such as water scarcity and water quality; which is one of the largest environmental problems. However, the available supply of renewable water is short of the demand in Nigeria. Researchers have studied many alternative to better solve the emerging water supply problem. This study considers rainwater harvesting as an alternative source of water to ameliorate the possible scarcity. To better understand common practises in the rain water harvesting community and motivation for collecting harvested rainwater a socio-demographic survey was conducted in four communities in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Ogun State Nigeria to determine the rate of water consumption and supply from current water sources. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered to various household and the data collected through the survey were analysed using SPSS and selected statistical methods. Rainfall data for Ota was obtained and it was to calculate the cumulative runoff in a year was determined for roof sizes are ≤ 75m2. This study demonstrated among other things that rainwater harvesting has the potential of contributing significantly to solving the problems of water shortage suffered not only by the rural-poor communities but also in the urban areas where conventional modes of water supply have failed to provide the desired level of service.
Evaluating solid waste storage and collection practices in Traditional Residential Area of Abeokuta Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinpelu O P , Simon R F , Owolabi M A , Sotayo I L
Published: March 2021

This study evaluated solid waste storage and collection practices in traditional residential area of Abeokuta Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria. This is with a view to providing information for policy intervention. The study area consists of seven political wards, stratified into three residential zones, namely; core, transition and sub-urban zones. Each of the zones comprises of neighbourhoods with a number of residential buildings. The three zones consist of 408 houses. Using systematic sampling technique, one of every five building was surveyed, thus, a total of 81 (20%) houses were sampled. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established a significance difference in income, occupation and tenancy status, while no significant difference exist in residents’ education, family size and type of house occupied (p < 0.05). The study found that storage receptacles used in the three residential zones were similar and majority (70.4%) was not ecofriendly. Substantial proportion (49.4%) of the residents had no access to waste collection truck. Results of ANOVA computed (F = 6.721 and p < 0.05) established that significant difference exist in the frequency of waste collection. It is recommended that public awareness on environment-friendly waste storage receptacle should be given priority; and provision of adequate equipment and personnel for sustainable waste collection through public-private partnership.
Remediation of Emerging Pollutants in Industrial Contaminated Water using Oxytenanthera abyssinica and Bambusa vulgaris in a Treatment Media
Authors: Ijaola O O , Sangodoyin AY
Published: March 2021

Remediation of emerging pollutants is an aspect of environmental research with sparse information and knowledge, and the disposal of, these pollutants to the environment are mostly unregulated and on the increase. In view of this, the study examined the adsorptive capacity of adsorbent produced from Oxytenanthera abyssinica (COA 350°C KCl) and Bambusa vulgaris (CBV 350°C H3PO4) in remediating Pharmaceutical actives contaminants (PhACs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray were used in characterizing adsorbents. Derivative form of Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and Liquid-Liquid extraction procedures were used for extracting selected PhACs and PAHs from sampled solutions respectively. Batch experiments were performed to study the adsorption capacity of adsorbents at varying contact time of 30min, 2hrs and 12hrs for PAHs and 30, 180, 360, 720 and 1440 mins for PhACs. Analysis of PhACs and PAHs concentrations for each sampling were determined by UV spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. The samples showed sharp absorption peaks at 3432 and 1632 cm−1 indicating O-H stretched and N-H stretched. The adsorbents showed both open and close pores. Carbon, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the adsorbent for CBV were 62.00, 33.53 and 3.98 and COA were 71.00, 22.80 weight percent, respectively. The adsorbents had good surface areas, pore volumes and pore sizes. Removal efficiency of COA showed the highest efficiency for PhACs removal at (73.3%, 78.1% and 86.2%) while CBV (63.9 %, 66.7% and 82.2%) for paracetamol, salbutamol and chlorpheniramine, respectively. CBV and COA ranged from 42.5-81.2% and 8.9-65.5% for PAHs removal respectively. The experimental result showed that adsorbents made from Oxytenanthera abyssinaca and Bambusa vulgaris can efficiently adsorb selected PhACs and PAHs in industrial Contaminated Water.
Computational forecast of municipal waste in Lagos: What may happen in 2025?
Authors: Emetere M E , Iroham C O
Published: March 2021

Lagos is the commercial hub of Nigeria with almost the highest population in Nigeria. The municipal waste of Lagos is currently huge with existing health threats to residence around the landfills. Thirty-seven years (1980-2017) dataset for municipal waste in Lagos was projected to 2025 using computational analysis i.e., moving averages and excel forecast tool. It was discovered that the averages of all the forecast show that the municipal waste in Lagos will be fairly stable between 2020-2025 with an addition of 12 million tonnes by 2025. It is recommended that waste management authorities in Lagos should step-up with the establishment of municipal waste processing companies in all the five landfill sites because the land fill leachates is expected to pollute more ground water sources in Lagos metropolis.
Plume Model: A Simple Approach to Air Quality Control
Authors: Ajayi O O , Ngene B U , Ogbiye S A
Published: March 2021

Air is an essential element in the life of humans, and everyone deserves to breathe in clean air. But anthropogenic activities from industrialization and modernization, as well as some natural disasters such as earth quake and volcanic eruption pollute the air. Consequently, air pollution threatens the health of people living in close proximity to the source of pollution by causing or aggravating sicknesses like, heart problem, cancer and respiratory disorder. The dispersion of air from a point source tends to follow the shape of Gaussian or normal statistical distribution. The present paper aims at examining Gaussian plume model as the easiest and simplest model among the lists of air dispersion models evaluated, stating the various issues from the source to the receptors. Gaussian Plume model is mostly used in the analysis of air dispersion with the concentration of a given place, having function of the distance from the source, emission rate and the meteorological data, mostly temperature, wind speed and wind direction, with the help of some various assumptions, in order to estimate how much air has reduced or travelled from the source and the concentration at the ground level. The model uses Briggs coefficients sigma y and z to get both vertical and horizontal dispersion. Plume rise determines dispersion and transportation levels, and thereby affect the distance to maximum ground level concentration and the maximum ground level concentration, the taller the stack or chimney (source), the larger the plume and the lower the concentration at the ground. A week analysis on pollutants generated from Larfarge cement factory Sagamu, Ogun State was carried out. The result shows mathematical simulation of Gaussian plume model of pollutants concentrations from the source and the applicability of the model.
A review on plastic waste as sustainable resource in civil engineering applications
Authors: Ogundairo T O , Olukanni D O , Akinwumi I I , Adegoke D D
Published: March 2021

Plastic wastes are non-biodegradable and can stay in the ecosystem for many decades. It can go through aging processes resulting from physical, chemical, and biological actions with the potential to harm habitats and weaken the life-supporting environment. The overwhelming environmental problem created by the indiscriminate disposal of plastic waste containers has led to a search for comprehensive research work seeking a viable alternative to manage, process and dispose of used plastic containers. Hence, researchers have found alternative use to its recovery. The waste can be recycled, reused or reprocessed as substitutes for construction materials because construction applications take up significant amounts of aggregates and cement. Its use is also applicable in bitumen modification, soil stabilization, geosynthetic materials, bricks, plastic reinforcement, and as natural aggregates, which all assist in reducing the quantity of natural aggregates that can be extracted for use in the construction industry. The review covers the collection of relevant information about plastics, the different types of plastics, their corresponding waste and its application in the construction industry from literature. It also examines plastic waste challenges and its sustainable utilization as a construction material. By changing the production design of plastics, it would proffer better ways to manage plastic waste, clean up and improve our natural environment. This review submits that there is an opportunity for the use of plastic waste as an innovative alternative in the construction industry which can stimulate economic growth and could boost the drive of government towards the achievement of some of the sustainable development goals.
Sustainability Barriers in Nigeria Construction Practice
Authors: Toriola-Coker L O , Alaka H , Bello W A , Ajayi S , Adeniyi A , Olopade S O
Published: March 2021

The struggles to practise sustainable construction are not gaining the desired traction in Nigeria. This study established the likely barriers to successful application of sustainable construction in the Nigeria construction industry and factors to overcome the possible barriers. A quantitative approach was used for the study and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the professionals and other stakeholders. A descriptive method was used in analysing the collected data. Among the highly ranked sustainability barriers to construction practice are poor sustainability education in academic institutions, lack of incentives for designers to facilitate sustainable design, ignorance of lifecycle cost benefits, sustainable construction regarded as low priority and other issues take priority, and resistance to cultural change in the industry. The research recommends adequate sustainability education in academic institutions to positively impact the required cultural change in the industry. There is call for proper government policies that support implementation of sustainable construction practices. The study also advances the need for construction professionals and stakeholders to embrace the concept of sustainability education through continuing professional development and or postgraduate studies to improve the thinking and practicability of sustainable practice of construction in Nigeria.
Reviewing sustainability, preservation and semiotics of potsherd pavements in southwest Nigerian cultural spaces and built-forms
Authors: Adeyemo A A , Ezema I C , Adeyemi E A , Anakor C A
Published: March 2021

Potsherds as used in southwest Nigeria Yoruba ancient civilization to pave walkways are continuously discovered along major migratory route from Ile-Ife to Notche in Togo. Its durability was compared to early terracotta pioneer road materials of the Roman and pre-modern Europe. Popularly called Potsherd pavement; the differently beautifully patterned ceramic materials were original to Queen Luuwo; a past and only female Ooni of, the Yoruba historical capital Ile-Ife. Despite not being preserved they remain sustainable indigenous material art and technology used around cultural spaces and built-forms since the 9th-12th century. Reviewed by visitations were some sites of the waste-to-wealth sustainable ceramic paving materials on which much work had not been done by built environment experts. Apart from its original denotative function as a walkway material, it also had ritual, storage, community and presently historic semiotic implications adducible to it. The research used the theories of pioneer semioticians; Saussure and Pierce’s as well as denotation and connotation by Eco. “Archaeological” method to compare the cultural material use of spaces, the general semiotic and Elleh’s African triple heritage concept. The study discovered that the cultural and tourism imperative of pavements are not appreciated and so they are not preserved. The use of physical observation, interview and systematic review of past low traffic-making and contemporary engineering applications for the qualitative research helped the discovery. The study concluded that proper preservation of potsherd pavements, drawing out their symbolic meanings and continued application would contribute to build environment sustainability in the study area.
Evaluation of compacted lateritic soil – bacillus coagulans induced calcite precipitate for landfill application using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm
Authors: Yohanna P , Osinubi K J , Eberemu A O , Ijimdiya T S , Salawudeen A T
Published: March 2021

Evaluation of compacted lateritic soil – Bacillus coagulans (B.coagulans) induced calcite precipitate for landfill application was carried out using Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA). Experimental results were obtained through laboratory tests. Measured soil factors include; Coefficient of permeability (hydraulic conductivity) as a dependent factor and void ratio, bulk density, B. coagulans suspension, pH, Compactive effort, water content relative to optimum, plasticity index, viscosity of microbes and liquid limit as self-determining (independent) factors. GeneXproTools 5.0 software was used to develop the fitness (objective) function used for Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) to predict hydraulic conductivity of treated lateritic soil with B. coagulans suspension density. The fitness function was then integrated using BFO codes in Matlab 2016 version to predict the minimum hydraulic conductivity for a given set of self-determining factors. The result shows a strong association between the predicted hydraulic conductivity values and the measured hydraulic conductivity values in the laboratory using a regressed line with coefficient of determination R=0.85. It is clear from the optimization results that the hydraulic conductivity values and the self-determining variables have strong correlation. The least hydraulic conductivity value of 2.38×10−11m/s which falls below the permissible regulatory value of 1.0×10−9 m/s for landfill application was achieved at 100 iterations. Based on all the optimization results, it is recommended that lateritic soil-B.coagulans mixtures be compacted with 1.20×10−9 - 2.40×10−9 cells/ml B.coagulans suspension density compacted using Britsh standard heavy (BSH) energy at 15.3 % moisture content for landfill application.
Model uncertainty in concrete breakout resistance of single anchors in shear – assessment of ACI 318 against available alternative
Authors: Olalusi O B , Akinlolu M
Published: March 2021

This contribution characterises the model uncertainty related to the shear breakout resistance of anchors located towards the edge of concrete members, considering experiments obtained from previous anchor test. The characterisation includes the computation of the sample moments (mean, standard deviation and skewness) required in reliability analysis. The study analysed the predictive models of current design guidelines (ACI 318 and the modified concrete capacity design method [MCCD] method). The assessment demonstrates that ACI 318 has a higher bias and variability compared to the MCCD method. The influence of the breakout resistance parameters on model uncertainty was evaluated, and significant parameters were identified. The edge distance and the anchor diameter are found to be the most influencing parameters. Also, a suitable theoretical probability distribution is required in reliability analysis for the model uncertainty random variable. Accordingly, it is shown that the log-normal distribution is the most appropriate probability distribution for the derived model uncertainty factors.
Assessing the low-cost buildings in Nigeria using Hydraform blocks as walling materials: the journey so far
Authors: Oyebisi S , Ede A , Afolayan O , Oladeji S , Oniemayin B , Lazarus J
Published: March 2021

Man’s growing desire for affordable and comfortable buildings have necessitated the diversification of materials and methods in the built sector. Thus, this paper assessed the hydraform blocks as walling materials to examine its current level of usage in the Nigerian built sector. Information was generated via literature reviews, newspapers, and professional perceptions. The findings revealed that despite the concerted feats of private developers in the use of hydraform blocks as walling materials for the low-cost building construction in Nigeria, efforts by the Federal Government has yielded limited success in this regard. Also, State Governments have not fared better. Therefore, this paper recommended and proffered solutions to bridge this gap.
Management of construction & demolition waste: barriers and strategies to achieving good waste practice for developing countries
Authors: Olofinnade O M , Manda I , Ede A N
Published: March 2021

Environmental contamination due to construction and demolition (C&D) waste management is a global issue. It is an even bigger issue specifically for developing countries that encounter different obstacles due to the construction industry’s practices caused by a lack of knowledge and the economic status of these countries. The aim of this study is to review various research conducted in developed and developing countries so as to identify the significant problems and to seek appropriate ways to implement the management of C&D waste in developing countries. The findings of this research were grouped into seven (7) areas, which include the economy, knowledge across the industry, storage and cross-contamination of wastes, technology, design for deconstruction, legislation, and environmental health. Each barrier is attached with a strategy appropriate for developing nations, which would improve the C & D waste management industry if implemented. This study’s results can be used as a reference for further research into these barriers to develop comprehensive strategies that will significantly improve the C&D waste management industry.
Influx potential and sequestration of CO2 in Cement based material towards establishing a proactive measure for combatting structural deformations
Authors: Sanni S E , Odigure J O , Agboola O , Emetere M E , Okoro E E , Aderinsola O
Published: March 2021

The effect of carbon dioxide sequestration by Sandcrete structures was investigated as a means of reducing CO2 emissions. Experiments were conducted to determine the concentration of trioxocarbonate IV (CO3
2-) in sandcrete samples as well as its effect on soil pH. The results showed that the presence of CO3
2 - in sandcrete samples evidenced the process of carbonation in sandcrete structures and other cement-based material which provides an alternative means of CO2 Sequestration. Also, the concentration of CO3
2 - varied along heights and horizontal distance within sections of the sandcrete structure. The acidic nature of the soil close to some sections of the sandcrete structure experienced varying pHs of 6.14 - 6.35 which gave room for enhanced leaching which seriously undermines the strength of the sandcrete structure. The percentage concentration differential in the horizontal and vertical directions, were found to vary widely from 5-46%. This constitutes a potential danger i.e. cracking and possible collapse of the structure. The results of calculated diffusivity values and concentration gradients of the carbonate ion conformed with results obtained using a predictive model which helped in monitoring the migration patterns of CO3
2 - in the sandcrete structure.
Evaluation of Strength and Moisture Absorption Characteristics of Lime Treated Clay Interlocking Bricks
Authors: Fadugba O G , Busari A A , Adeboje A O , Modupe A E , Falana J N , Oluyemi-Ayibiowu B D
Published: March 2021

The durability and stability of masonry structures throughout usage can be affected by producing process, material properties and environmental conditions such as moisture hence finding out the factors affecting durability of clay bricks is vital so as to produce bricks of high strength which will absorb less water. The effect of stabilizing clay for the production of interlock bricks using lime at various percentages was investigated. Soil type used in the production of interlocking bricks was A-6 soil using the AASHTO system of soil classification. Maximum reduction in Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit of the clay material was observed at 8% addition of lime. The Specific Gravity rose from initial of 2.71 at 0% to 2.85 at 10% addition of lime. The maximum reduction of Average Water Absorption (AWA) of clay modified with lime was observed at 8% and the value of AWA recorded was 13.3%, which brought the clay brick to the first class designation from the second class designation of 0% of lime addition. The compressive strength reduced at 8% for all the sampling period of 28 days, the compressive strength test is lower than specification as such the bricks can be used in non-structural member in construction.