bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of compliance in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pechnikova L. , Manuylova Y. , Ryzhov A. , Zhuykova E. , Sokolova E. , Tkhostov A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Non-compliance is a common problem in diabetes despite of the potentially drastic consequences. The study of the factors of compliance in adolescents with diabetes is not only important due to the possible practical implementations in health care, but also may be threated as a model for understanding the age-specific aspects of compliance behaviours.

Objectives

The study was aimed to evaluate various, primary family-related, factors contributing to compliance behaviour.

Methods

Participants: 71 adolescents (f=44, m=27, age: 13-17) with diabetes mellitus type 1, without insulin pump usage, and their mothers. Instruments: compliance was accessed with MMAS and “Degree of compliance” (for 15-17-olders only) scales. Paternal attitudes were assessed by (1) ADOR questionnaire, yielding scores for: Positive interest, directiveness, hostility, autonomy, inconsistency; (2) Family anxiety analysis questionnaire, with scales: guilt, anxiety, tension. Illness attitudes were assessed with the Concerns of the illness progression model questionnaire. Interview data were used to assess such variables as duration of illness, frequency of therapist consultations y etc.

Results

Stepwise regression analysis suggested the best model for compliance being predicted (R2=.203) by family anxiety (beta=-.406, p<.001), duration of illness (beta=-.218, p<.05) and frequency of consultations (beta=.0212, p<.05). For 15-17-olders only compliance was better predicted (R2=.499) by concerns about illness (beta=.876, p<.001), distraction copings (beta=.501, p=0.001), negative thinking (beta=-.421, p<0.02) and frequency of consultations (beta=.274, p<.05).

Conclusions

Low family anxiety, shorter duration, and more frequent contacts with therapist, as well as productive copings, absence of frequent negative thoughts and fantasies about illness contribute to compliance. Negative emotions hamper compliance instead of fostering it.
Gender-related psychosomatic peculiarities of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chernus N. , Kamynina L. , Gorenkov R. , Sivkov A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The problem of specificity of psychological adaptation mechanisms at the patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is extremely actual. The aim is to investigate gender psychological characteristics associated with T2DM

Objectives

In the comparative study 62 patients (28 male, 34 female; mean age 56,8±2,3 and 55,4±2,7 yrs.) with T2DM (HbA1c 7,3±1,3%) and visceral obesity (Grade 2) were included.

Methods

Research methods: the Depression Scale of Zung, the Spielberger trait scale anxiety, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and MMPI test

Results

T2DM-female-patients in comparison with T2DM-male showed significantly higher personal anxiety scores (51,2+7,6 and 44,1+10,6 respectively; р<0,05), depression scores (44,2+7,6 and 36,7+8,4 respectively; р<0,05), while alexithymia scores were higher at T2DM-males (68,2+9,6 and 71,7+6,4 respectively; p<0,05). In MMPI test (after correction by K-scale) 46,8% of patients demonstrated profiles with elevated scale 1 score (above 70 Т-scores, but below 80 Т-scores) regardless of gender differences. However, the T-scores for T2DM-male patients were on the average by 1,07 higher than for T2DM-female (58,4 vs 54,4 respectively, р˃0,05), that indicated more higher concern related to own physical health condition. The female T2DM-patients significantly more often demonstrated profiles with scale 6 peak (exceeding 65 Т-scores): 79,4% vs. 21,4%, which indicated the more higher accentuation of personality traits (concealed hostility; protest; rigidity, desire to blame the others for one’s failure, et cetera)

Conclusions

The patient’s gender has to be taken into consideration at development of clinical, diagnostic and prevention activities of patients with T2DM and visceral obesity.
Investigation of prospective effects of emotion-regulation difficulties and empathic dimensions on depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in poland
Authors: Gambin M. , Woźniak-Prus M. , Sękowski M. , Holas P. , Wnuk A. , Oleksy T. , Cudo A. , Hansen K. , Huflejt-Łukasik M. , Łyś A. , Gorgol J. , Kubicka K. , Kmita G. , Łojek E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

During the COVID-19 pandemic people experience higher levels of negative emotions, as well as face many negative and intense emotions felt by others. Thus, it is important to look for risk and protective factors that allow and help individuals to regulate these negative emotions and adapt to the hardships of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives

The main aims of the study were to (i) test how empathic dimensions (perspective taking, empathic concern and personal distress) and emotion regulation abilities were related to intensity of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland, as well as to (ii) check if emotion regulation difficulties and personal distress predicted slower decrease in depressive symptoms over the two months in which the number of COVID-19 cases declined in Poland.

Methods

A total of 792 participants took part in the three-wave panel study. The sample was representative of the Polish population in terms of gender, age, and place of residence. Participants completed the following online questionnaires: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form, and Brief version of the Empathic Sensitivity.

Results

Significant positive correlations were found between depressive symptoms and both personal distress and emotion regulation difficulties during the lockdown. Moreover, emotion regulation difficulties were the only significant predictor of slower decrease in depressive symptoms over time during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions

It seems that interventions focused on improvement of emotion regulation abilities could be particularly beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms during the pandemic and preventing potential negative long-term outcomes.
Psychiatric morbidity among patients tested positive and isolated for COVID-19
Authors: Zubair U.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In this crisis situation when everybody has been emphasizing on preventive measures, screening, early recognition and provision of necessary equipment, less emphasis has been laid on the mental health of the sufferers who have been listening news and following social media reporting catastrophe linked with COVID 19.

Objectives

To look for the psychiatric morbidity and associated socio-demographic factors among patients tested positive and isolated for covid-19

Methods

All patients tested positive for covid-19 and admitted in Covid-19 ward of Malir hospital without any associated complications were included in the study. General Health Questionare-12 (GHQ-12) was administered to look for the presence of psychiatric morbidity. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were the tests applied to look for the relationship of various socio-demographic factors with presence of psychiatric morbidity among the target population.

Results

Out of 61 patients included in the study, 45 (73.7%) showed the presence of psychiatric morbidity while 16 (26.3%) did not show psychiatric morbidity when screened with GHQ-12. 43 (70.4%) were male while 18 (29.6%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 35.21 ±2.355 years. Regression analysis revealed that advanced age and female gender have statistically significant relationship (p-value<0.05) with presence of psychiatric morbidity among patients of covid-19.

Conclusions

A considerable number of patients had psychiatric morbidity after being tested positive for covid-19 and isolated in the health facility. Female patients and patients with age more than 40 years were found to be more at risk of developing psychiatric morbidity among the patients admitted in covid-19
ward.
Smart care facilities space for employees
Authors: Abbasian E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Smart care in offices and industrials approach has the best way for the results of staying healthy in the transmission chain and this issue is not only a moral necessity but also it can be a successful plan where personal care centers start keeping the patients, employees, and experts of healthcare ward healthy by digital industries. In this project, the environment along with the individual`s body scan and accessing his /her biomarkers, the environment mechanism will be approached to the welfare level to disappear the disease, then change the air by antiseptic materials for air conditioning desirably.

Objectives

Designing the self-care environment by accessing the smart elements decreases the pathogenic factors in the environment, by scanning the individual`s case and inquiring from health base, the features of the environmental elements will be optimized to normal situation.

Methods

Content analysis of environmental components of space and categorizing of sensors. Determining the basic model for programming Designing the architectural environment in accordance with the standards set in the previous section, preparation of the model with thermal, biological, biochemical,.sensors.

Results

Designing the self-care environment by accessing the smart elements decreases the pathogenic factors in the environment, by scanning the individual`s case and inquiring from health base, the features of the environmental elements will be optimized to normal situation.

Conclusions

By a positive design in architectural changes in care units in the field of public spaces, offices and industrial parts, we can easily control individual behaviors in the face of pandemic diseases and decline their psychic side effects.

Conflict of interest

Our work experience requires investment to run on a real scale
COVID-19 and lockdown impact on BPD patients and their familiars
Authors: Santos M. Roca , Puigdesens A. Vilaregut , Piñero N. Calvo , Luque T. Pretel , Panisello E. Castell , Fernandez Z. Nieto , Vinardell M. Ferrer
Published: February 2022

Introduction

It is large known that Coronavirus outbreak has had a psychological impact on the general population, specifically on those with a mental disease as Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and their relatives.

Objectives

The aim of the study is to identify and examine the individual and familiar impact of the coronavirus outbreak on patients diagnosed with BPD and their parents.

Methods

A qualitative research design using focus groups was selected to identify and discuss participants’ experiences, beliefs, perceptions and attitudes. The target population consisted of patients with BPD and their parents. Participants were recruited from the BPD psychiatric service from the Hospital Universitari de la Vall de Hebron (Barcelona, Spain). Data was collected via two focus groups, one with patients with BPD and other with their parents. Content analysis was used to determine categories and themes.

Results

The qualitative analysis of participants’ perceptions are presented using the following themes: changes and difficulties during lockdown, after lockdown concerns and challenges, general learning, and future needs. Results identify factors associated with the COVID-19 outbreak and other factors already present as family dynamics and individual difficulties.

Conclusions

Findings have been discussed focusing on individual and familiar impact, and allows us to consider challenges precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study evidence that a family intervention approach is essential to enhance BPD treatment.
TV or not TV? health information, anxiety and stress during the initial stage of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy
Authors: Piretti I. , Ambrosini F. , Sant’Angelo R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

With the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, there has been the dissemination of an enormous amount of information, through multiple channels, from different sources and with an often unverifiable basis (infodemic). In recent years, there has been debate in the literature about the possibility that different information channels (social media vs traditional media) can determine a more or less extensive emotional contagion regardless of the severity and direct exposure to the stressful event and more precisely through a ‘secondhand’ exposure to events.

Objectives

We want to investigate whether the information channel or the amount of time dedicated to the update is associated with greater psychological sequelae.

Methods

This study is based on a cross-sectional online survey conducted anonymously in the period between the tenth and seventeenth day of shelter in place in Italy. We used Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale and Perceived Stress Scale 4. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis.

Results

We collected data on 1047 individuals. In our sample, the Internet was the primary health information channel (55%) followed by TV (36%). Most TV and internet users spend about 1-3 hours a day for the update. There was no correlation between the time spent or the information channel used and higher levels of stress and anxiety.

Conclusions

In our opinion, this relationship between the time spent receiving information or the most widely used information channel and psychological disorders is not clear. Is it the news channel causing an emotional contagion or are the most anxious people looking for news anywhere and anytime?
Delirium in COVID-19: psychopharmacology considerations
Authors: Lemos M. , Rema J. , De Sousa T. Reynolds
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Delirium is characterized by fluctuating disturbance of consciousness, inattention, reduced awareness, hallucinations or delusions, occurring in 20% of hospital admissions. Central nervous system symptoms are the main form of neurologic injury in patients with COVID-19 and a significant portion of these patients presents with delirium. COVID-19 infection’s course and symptoms, as well as patient comorbidities can facilitate its onset, which is exacerbated by the frequent need for higher doses of sedation to suppress severe cough.

Objectives

To summarize the most recent practices for management of delirium in COVID-19 infected patients, with emphasis on the psychopharmacology approach.

Methods

Selective literature review via PubMed search, using the terms “delirium, neurological disorders, psychopharmacology and COVID-19”.

Results

COVID-19 associated delirium can be presented in its hyperactive type with exuberant agitation, but also with additional clinical features such as rigidity, akinetic mutism, abulia and alogia. Psychopharmacological approaches may be needed for patients with agitation when there’s intractable stress or risk to self or others. In this group of patients, melatonin, alfa-2 agonists and low potency antipsychotics have been used as first line treatment. Trazodone, valproate, dopamine agonists, amantadine can be used. Other approaches such as correction of vitamin deficiencies and remdesivir can also play a role.

Conclusions

Delirium remains frequently unrecognized. In the pandemic context of COVID-19 it is important to consider this infection as a cause of delirium and mind the misdiagnosis as a psychiatric condition. One should look for atypical features and be more thoughtful about the psychopharmacological approach.
Mental health and wellness during COVID-19: Impact on healthy population
Authors: Lipskaya-Velikovsky L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Pandemic outbreak brings multiple challenges into everyday life, with high potential to affect all aspects of health. It was previously demonstrated that epidemic is harmful to mental health (MH) of a whole population producing long-lasting and significant burden for the person and the society. However, such an impact was less investigated in COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives

Investigate aspects of MH among healthy population during Spring 2020 lockdown due to COVID-19; detect factors affecting MH and their cumulative effect on health-related quality of life (QOL).

Methods

571 healthy volunteers completed electronic survey distributed through social networks. The survey contained standard tools for evaluation of (1) levels of stress, anxiety and depression, (2) objective and subjective parameters of participation in daily-life activities, (3) daily routines, (5) loneliness, (6) social connectedness, (7) self-efficacy and (8) quality of life.

Results

We found high levels of stress, anxiety and depression among healthy population and low QOL in physical, psychological and social relationship domains. Employment, keeping daily routines, social connectedness, self-efficacy, enjoyment, satisfaction and meaning in daily-life activities were associated with better MH. All the aforementioned factors contributed significantly to QOL.

Conclusions

COVID-19 outbreak rise multiple health issues, among them affected MH of the healthy, not infected population. Public health strategies should be implemented to mitigate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MH given its personal and social burden and its contribution to QOL. Addressing participation in daily life activities can be a useful tool to cope with impact of COVID-19 on MH.
Beliefs about coronavirus: Relationship with magical thinking and adherence to self-isolation regimen
Authors: Kumchenko S. , Rasskazova E. , Tkhostov A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Pandemic is accompanied by “infodemic” that is related to higher anxiety (Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, 2020; Roy et al., 2020; Huang, Zhao, 2020). We suggest that indefinite and stressful situation of pandemic provoke magical thinking leading to lower adherence with recommendations for self-isolation.

Objectives

The aim was to reveal the structure of beliefs about reasons, manifestation and consequences of coronavirus and their relationship with magical thinking, anxiety and COVID-19-related behaviour.

Methods

In April 2020 (2-3 weeks of self-isolation regimen) 402 adults aged 18-64 years old filled checklist including beliefs about pandemic (based on the model of Leventhal et al., 2003), Magical Ideation Scale Eckblad, Chapman, 1983) as well as scales measuring anxiety and protective behaviour in pandemic and monitoring of information about coronavirus (Tkhostov, Rasskazova, 2020).

Results

Factor analysis revealed three groups of radical beliefs about coronavirus (48.6% of variance, Cronbach’s alphas .62-.75). Belief about the particular meaning of coronavirus was associated with the magical thinking (r=.21), less anxiety about infection (r=-.19) and poorer adherence to self-isolation (r=-.26). Belief in the negligence as a cause of coronavirus was more typical for those with better adherence (r=.18) while catastrophic beliefs about the consequences of pandemic were related to frequent monitoring of the information about the pandemic (r=.24), and anxiety regarding future negative consequences of the pandemic (r=.46).

Conclusions

Dysfunctional beliefs about coronavirus could be a factor of poorer adherence related to magical thinking and could be addressed in psychological interventions. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-04-60072.
Hopelessness and externality as predictors of experiencing anger during COVID-19 lockdown in Russia
Authors: Gordeeva T. , Sychev O. , Dovger M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Following Italy and many other European countries Russia entered a nationwide lockdown in March 2020. Since quarantine had impact on mental health (Gualano et al., 2020, Stanton et al., 2020), this study aimed to study the psychological predictors of low mental health and anger in Russian university students. Previous studies have shown that young people are most vulnerable part of population during Covid-19 pandemic (Pervichko et al., 2020).

Objectives

The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of externality and hopelessness on anger and irritation during COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods

The sample comprised 120 university students (86% women, M=18.84, SD=1.58) from Moscow. Online survey has been conducted in April 2020. Measures included Russian externality-internality scale based on Rotter’s scale and three new scales specific for COVID-19 pandemic developed for this study to assess feeling of hopelessness (α = 0.72), anger (α = 0.70) and positive reformulation (α = 0.84).

Results

Anger shows significant correlations with hopelessness (r=0.43; p<0.001), externality (r=0.29; p<0.01) and positive reformulation (r=–0.41; p<0.001). Structural equation modeling confirms theoretical model according to which the effect of externality on anger is mediated by hopelessness and positive reformulation (negatively) (indirect effects sig. at p<0.01, χ2 = 1.32; df = 1; p = 0.251; CFI = 0.995; TLI = 0.969; RMSEA = 0.052.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Anger and irritation regarding the necessity to stay at home during COVID-19 lockdown may be caused by external locus of control which effect on anger is mediated by hopelessness and limited capacities for positive reframing.
Cyberchondria: An emerging entity in COVID-19 pandemic and thereafter
Authors: Bhaumik U. , Nayok S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Cyberchondria is a pathological behaviour linked to excessive online searching of health information.It is frequently associated with health anxiety. It may be regarded as an compulsive behaviour secondary to obsessions about a real or an imagined illness. The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 has brought about a fear of getting infected. In the absence of a definitive cure, the focus largely lies on stringent preventive measures and early diagnosis. Known to present with diverse symptoms, fear of coronaviral infection makes affected individuals search for symptoms on internet for reassurance. Added misinformation further increases stress,anxiety and confusion.

Objectives

The authors attempt to describe cyberchondria and highlight its increased prevalence during the coronavirus pandemic.

Methods

5 cases from different backgrounds were seen in the outpatient clinic during the months of April-July 2020.Consent was obtained from subjects before the study.They were clinically diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder and exhibited cyberchondria in the background of the pandemic.

Results

All of the described 5 cases had prominent fear of contracting or having contracted coronavirus disease-19.All of them were found to have significant scores rang on Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Severity Scale(ranging from 25-35) and improved after a trial of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Conclusions

The emergence of cyberchondria during the coronavirus -19 pandemic warrants further introspection.Changes in policy-making to prevent misinformation and present health information in a simple way to prevent confusion in the lay public is a necessity to tackle this problem in the near future.
Neuropeptide y and neuropeptide s in major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder: Preclinical andclinical studies
Authors: Mathe A.
Published: February 2022

*MDD is the predominant cause of “Years of life lived with disability” and “Years of life lost because of premature death” as a consequence of the disorder per se, comorbidities (cardiovascular, diabetes) and the high suicide rate. The problem is increasing due to higher depression frequency with age and growing life-longevity. One third of patients do not respond adequately to conventional therapies and “more of the same” drugs will not solve the problem. Consequently, there exists a crucial need to develop treatments with different modes of action. *Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and neuropeptide S (NPS) have been mapped in brain of MDD and PTSD rodent models. NPY is reduced in genetic and environmental depression models and in PTSD and can be reversed by antidepressants. These findings are parallel to the decreased NPY in humans diagnosed with MDD and PTSD. *NPS found in locus caeruleus regulates anxiety and stress–related behaviors and intranasal administration is anxiolytic in rat. The intranasal effects in humans are being explored. *Based on known biology and our findings, we hypothesized that NPY could be a target for MDD and PTSD, the reasoning being analogous to insulin treatment in insulin deficient diabetes, and conducted - the first ever - double blind, placebo controlled trials of insufflated NPY in MDD and PTSD (Sayed et al 2018, Mathé et al 2020). In conclusion, intranasal NPY is opening a promising new avenue for efficient, fast acting treatment of MDD and PTSD. Support:The Swedish MRC #10414; Center Psychiatry Research-KI, The Torsten Söderbergs Stiftelse

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Swedish perspectives and ethical discussion
Authors: Wasserman D.
Published: February 2022

As COVID-19 spread, many countries in the world responded swiftly in an attempt to reduce transmission. Sweden, however, took a different approach to many other nations and did not implement a nationwide lockdown, instead deciding on a more “holistic approach to public health”. The focus was on minimising transmission as much as possible, protecting those in risk groups, ensuring that the response strategies were sustainable long-term, mitigating other health concerns as a result of the response and that evidence-based methods were used as much as possible. At this stage, it is difficult to know how exactly the Swedish strategy has fared in comparison to other responses. In Sweden, there has been much debate about the strategy, particularly concerning the protection of the elderly due to unexpectedly high mortality rates in the older population as well as among residents in retirement homes. Many ethical questions remain in regard to which strategies would have been preferable.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Relationship between COVID-19 perceived risk and perfectionism – a preliminary study
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Cabaços C. , Soares T. , Araujo A. , Sousa R. , Macedo A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Research following the Covid-19 pandemics has shown that psychological reactions to the pandemic and its constraints can vary significantly depending on personality. One of the traits that has not been studied yet, but can play a harmful role in the COVID-19 psychological impact is perfectionism. This trait, characterized by setting excessively high standards of performance and striving for flawlessness, has increased in recent years and is considered a transdiagnostic process involved in several (mental) health problems (Curran & Hill 2019).

Objectives

To analyze the role of Perfectionism in the levels of fear of COVID19 and of perception of infection risk by COVID-19.

Methods

234 adults (75.6% women; mean age=29.53±12.51) completed an on-line survey with the Portuguese validated versions of Covid-19 Perceived Risk Scale (C19PRS; Pereira et al. 2020), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FC19S; Cabaços et al. 2020) and Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS; Garrido et al. 2020). SPSS was used to perform correlation and regression analysis.

Results

Perceived Risk and Fear of COVID-19 were significantly correlated with perfectionism (.243, .228, respectively) (both, p<.01). Perfectionism explains 5.5% (Adjusted R2) of the FC19S variance (Beta=.243, p<.001) and 4.8% of the C19PRS variance (Beta=.228, p=.01).

Conclusions

This study provides preliminary, but completely innovative evidence that perfectionism contribute to the psychological impact of Covid-19 pandemics. In the near future we will test the hypothesis that the nature of unpredictability and the limitations imposed by the global crisis may be exacerbating the already high levels of psychological distress that affect negative perfectionists.
Post-traumatic stress disorder among tunisian healthcare professionals facing the pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Aribi L. , Jbir R. , Messedi N. , Gdoura D. , Bouattour W. , Kolsi N. , Charfeddine F. , Aloulou J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The new coronavirus has spread rapidly across the planet confining entire populations, filling hospitals overwhelmed by massive arrivals of patients This new health situation was traumatic especially for health-professionals

Objectives

To study the prevalence and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder, among health-workers.

Methods

Our study was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional, between May until June 2020. An anonymous online-survey was sent to collect those parameters Sociodemographic-information Physical symptoms The existence of contact with a suspected case The need for quarantine The stressful event The state of mental health, using: PCL-5: 20 items which measures the 20 symptoms of post-traumatic stress-disorder according to DSM-5. PSQI: 9 questions to see the existence or not of a disturbance in sleep

Results

125 participants: 28 university-hospital doctors, 55 residents, 5 interns, 4 specialist-doctors, 2 general-practitioners, 14 nurses, 14 senior-technicians, 2 midwives and a pharmacist. The average seniority at the job was 6 years. Two factors were the most stressful: The characteristics of this pandemic 37.6% The fear of caching the virus and transmit it to their families: 37.6%. 42.4% of participants presented a post-traumatic stress disorder. 3 parameters were correlated with post-traumatic stress disorder: young age, having children (p = 0.007) and fewer years of professional-experience. This pandemic altered the quality of sleep of caregivers, 62.4% of them had a bad quality of sleep. The bad sleepers developed more post-traumatic stress disorder

Conclusions

This health crisis had a major impact on the mental health of our heroes that is why we should provide them with the necessary psychological support.
Has the frequency of violent behaviour increased during COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Crisan C.-A. , Ureche D. , Siserman C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Covid-19 pandemic represents o very stressfull period for many individuals. Intimate partner violence is typically experienced by women but can also be experienced by men. During quarantine due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the risk for domestic violence increased.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare domestic violence durind two different periods - 14.03.2019-30.09.2019 and the same period of the year 2020.

Methods

We analyzed the data base of the Legal Institut from Cluj-napoca and we selected the cases with domestic violence.

Results

The violent behaviour incresed durind 2020. Due to the feelings of frustration and agitation, agression arises with possible trasgenerational transmission of trauma and violence.

Conclusions

Taking into consideration that Covid19 pandemic is a very stressfull period for all individuals, a need of programms aimed to prevent acts of domestic violence and to achieve accurate assessment of multiple domains of abuse (psychological, physical, sexual) provided by psychologists, psychiatrists, social and legal services emerged.
Covid 19-consideration on separation and mourning ritual
Authors: Cerino S. , Amati A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

During COVID 19 epidemic it has been interesting to observe the gradual transformation of the daily routine into death, sorrow and pain. The moment of transition from life to death was really changed by distressing for survivors who had to face with unexpected ways to live their mourning.

Objectives

The paper would like to analyze the mounring ritual during COVID 19 epidemic.

Methods

During COVID 19 tragedy victims and survivors have been first associated by the infection and then dramatically separated by its effects. It has been necessary to re-relaborate new procedures of separation from deceased, as far for laws prohibitions it was no longer possible to use the traditional ones.

Results

So a leaving “ritual” re-emerged very similar to the “crying ritual” of the Southern Italy folkloric culture. The traditional wailers have been substitued by the windows flash mobs trying to replace the forced absence of “pietas”, with a moment of positive sharing of physical distance between life and death, using sounds, songs, tools that always, in farming culture help to exorcise and take away death.

Conclusions

The relevant starting powerlessness to face the fast disease diffusion, its intrinsic seriousness, inspired surprising capabilities of immediate reaction and active mobilization in response to the attack suffered by Koerper and Leib (in Heidegger sense) which actualized in the research of a new “separation” dimension. In the end, as psychiatrists, we have to notice how this collectivization practice is actually a big distress container and wonder where and how this distress will finally arrive
Managing ECT related cognitive side effects: An individual approach
Authors: Verwijk E.
Published: February 2022

Electroconvulsive brain stimulation may represent the strongest manipulation available to study brain plasticity in humans. Brain plasticity induced by electroconvulsive brain stimulation, profoundly improves disturbed emotion and motivation in patients with depression. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective and safe treatment for psychiatric disorders like severe depression. However, there is ongoing concern about the negative impact of ECT on brain function and cognition that is, surprisingly, only seen in a part of the treated patients. After 80 years of research on ECT, virtually nothing is known about the mechanisms underlying these strong individual differences in cognitive changes induced by ECT. A first step would be to better quantify the pattern and severity of the adverse cognitive outcomes in order to better distinguish patients that suffer from adverse cognitive outcomes from those that do not or even improve. By better distinguishing of these subgroups, a second step towards understanding can be taken: to identify the factors that predict adverse cognitive outcomes. Our research aims to advance understanding of the mechanisms of cognitive plasticity and reveal the pre-treatment profiles that render a patient cognitive vulnerable or resilient.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Stress is associated with larger perivascular spaces in depression: A 7-tesla MRI study
Authors: Ranti D. , Balchandani P. , Morris L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Emerging evidence in depressive phenotypes suggests that the breakdown of the blood brain barrier (BBB) andhigh levels of inflammatory cytokines in states of persistent stress or traumatic experiences may contribute to its pathophysiology. Ultra-high field MRI may aid in the radiological detection of maladaptations of the glymphatic system related to BBB integrity that may not be visualized at lower field strengths.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the link between glymphatic neuroanatomy in the form of perivascular spaces (PVS) and trauma experience in patients with major depressive disorder.

Methods

We examined PVS’s in patients with major depressive disorder and in healthy controls using 7-Tesla MRI and a semi-automated segmentation algorithm.

Results

After controlling for age and gender, we found that the number of traumatic life events experienced was positively correlated with total PVS volume in MDD patients (r= 0.50, p= 0.028) and the overall population (r= 0.34, p= 0.024). Furthermore, the number of traumatic events eliciting fear, helplessness, or horror was positively correlated with total PVS volume in MDD patients (r= 0.50, p= 0.030) and the overall population (r= 0.32, p= 0.023). As expected, age correlated positively with PVS count (r= 0.37, p= 0.013), PVS total volume (r= 0.53, p< 0.001), and PVS density (r= 0.68, p< 0.001 in all participants.

Conclusions

These results suggest a relationship between glymphatic dysfunction potentially related to BBB integrity and psychological trauma in patients with depression, and suggest that glymphatic impairment may play a role in trauma-related symptomatology.
Evaluation of plasma levels of BDNF in patients with disorder depressive
Authors: Galletta D. , Mazzarino C. , Cusumano G. , Santoro A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017) depressive disorder continues to be the most widespread and growing mental illness in the world, also assumes that in 2020 depression will have a prevalence equal to one in six individuals. Studies of neuroanatomy have highlighted structural alterations in the hippocampus, striatal nuclei and prefrontal cortex in patients with mood disorders. This alteration in depressed patients is closely related to the secretion of neurotrophic factors, in particular there is a reduction in BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor).

Objectives

The objective of this study is to demonstrate which treatments are effective in reducing depressive symptoms that allow the increase of BDNF and consequently the structural homostaticity of the brain.

Methods

We have selected data from the literature of the last decade, collected on major search engines such as: Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, Ebsco. Articles collected by selecting the following Keyword: depression, BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor), neuroimaging cognitive behavior therapy.

Results

The results show that in patients treated with a single drug treatment or vagus nerve stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (Lang et al., 2008) or electroconvulsive therapy had improvements in BDNF levels, although compared to drug treatment there are problems of no responders, no compliance and lack of effectiveness in reducing vulnerability to relapse. In addition, the study has shown that patients treated with cognitive behavioral therapy have reported greater changes in the frontal and temporal cortex reducing both depressive symptoms and the risk of relapse.

Conclusions

Underlines the importance of an integrated approach
Evaluation of the prevalence and risk factors of depression in patients admitted to the CCU of the persian gulf hospital in bandarabbas city
Authors: Seyyedirad N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The diagnosis of depression and identifying the factors affecting it in patients with high levels of hospitalization is necessary. Evaluating the prevalence of depression in this population is difficult, because some of the symptoms in depression and medical illness are similar and it is probable the diagnosis of depression to be missed in this patients.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and factors affecting it in patientsadmitted to the CCU of the Persian Gulf hospital in BandarabbasCity.

Methods

This study was performed on 133 patients admitted to the Persian Gulf Hospital. After obtainingconsent from patients, depression was recorded based on Beck questionnaire (BDI-II). Demographic data was registered from hospital chart review, and patient interview. Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the data.

Results

Our results showed that the prevalence of depressionwas significant in CCU patients. 14.3% of CCU patients had moderate to severe depression and 54.59% had mild depression and only 30.8% were normal. Our study also demonstrated that there was a direct and significant relationship between depression and age, low education level, unemployment and length of hospitalization. (P <0.05)

Conclusions

Considering the high prevalence of depression in CCU patients, it is necessary to identify and perform therapeutic measures in patients at high risk for mental illness.
Depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective study on depressive disorders among psychiatric patients admitted at “elisabeta doamna” hospital galati, romania
Authors: Mihailov O. , Rădulescu I.D. , Moraru C. , Nechita P. , Ciubară A.B. , Ciubară A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Isolation, life changes and increased stress lead to widespread concerns about the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on psychiatric patients. The rise in depressive disorders is one of the negative effects associated directly and indirectly to the pandemic.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of depressive disorders among the patients admitted to our hospital. The state of pandemia was declared on the 11th of March but it had already become a main stream media subject in our country at the beginning of the month with real life changes for our citizens.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed at the Psychiatric Hospital ‘Elisabeta Doamna’ Galati, using the exact same period, between 01.03 and 30.09, in 2019 and 2020. ICD-10 criteria were used and pacients with either F32.x,F33.x or F38.x as discharge diagnosis were included.

Results

In total, 7638 cases were admitted during the period in 2019, of which 751 (9,83%) had depressive disorders. In comparison with 2020 where out of 4050 admitted patients, the number had risen to 1034 (25,53%) a net increase in total number of cases by 37.6%.

Conclusions

Analysis of the data shows a 2.5 times increase in the percentage of depressive disorders among our patients. Even taking in account the lower admition rates, we have seen a clear shift in the psychiatric profile of the average pacient and this has to be taken into consideration in the long and short term treatment of any psychiatric patient.
The magnitude of depression in heart failure patients and its association with NYHA class
Authors: Botto J. , Martins S. , Moreira E. , Cardoso J. Silva , Fernandes L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Depression is commonly present among HF patients and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, research regarding its association with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class is still scarce.

Objectives

To evaluate the presence of depression symptoms in HF outpatients and analyze its association with NYHA class.

Methods

This study is part of a larger research project (Deus Ex-Machina/NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-00026). HF patients were recruited from an outpatient clinic at a University Hospital. Exclusion criteria were: unable to communicate, severe visual acuity deficit or NYHA class IV. Sociodemographic data and NYHA class were registered. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression, with a score ≥10 indicating clinically relevant depression.

Results

A sample of 136 HF patients was included, with a median age of 59 (range: 24-81) years old, where 66% were men. Almost half of the patients (49%) were in NYHA class II, followed by class I (36%) and class III (15%). The median score of PHQ-9 was 4(range:0-18), with 26% showing clinically relevant depression. PHQ-9 total score was associated with NYHA class (p=0.001), with higher median scores in worse NYHA classes [class I: 3 (IQR: 5.5), class II: 4 (IQR: 8) and class III: 8.5 (IQR:9.3)].

Conclusions

In this study, depression was present in 26% of HF outpatients and was associated with more severe HF symptoms. Consequently, preventing, monitoring, and treating depression in the management of these patients is recommended. Further research is needed for a deeper analysis of this association.
Adaptation of a french e-health tool for suicide prevention in young populations: Modalities and benefits
Authors: Daval L. , Jeannic A. Le , Picot-Ngo C. , Turmaine K. , Chevreul K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

France’s suicide rate is among the highest in Europe, with the young among the more at risk than others. Several European projects have demonstrated the effectiveness of using e-tools in suicide prevention particularly for hard-to-reach populations. Lessons from StopBlues, an e-health tool (application/website) for suicide prevention in the general population developed in 2018 which was promoted by municipalities and general practitioners, shows the necessity to adapt its content for young people.

Objectives

The objective is to develop an e-health tool, BlueZberry, for suicide prevention targeting adolescents and young adults with psychological pain by adapting StopBlues and its promotional plan.

Methods

The detailed content of BlueZberry and its promotional plan were determined via a literature review and 26 individual and group interviews with experts and youth with StopBlues as a starting part.

Results

The literature review and interviews confirmed the need to adapt the tool according to age of the user since the context and source of psychological pain vary rapidly at this time of life. BlueZberry consists of three modules for age groups 12-14, 15-17 and 18-25 years with specific graphics and messages. Its locally organized promotion should include youth hangouts on top of usual places.

Conclusions

This adaptation of StopBlues will reach a larger audience by offering a more suitable solution for this vulnerable population. A web-portal will serve as an entry point for both StopBlues and BlueZberry where users will be redirected to one of the tools/modules according to their profile and respective needs.
Microbiome-metabolomics signature in anorexia nervosa (AN) before and after weight regain
Authors: Marciello F. , Monteleone A.M. , Troisi J. , Cascino G. , Serena G. , Grave R. Dalle , Monteleone P.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The intestinal microbiota has been indicated to have a role in the pathophysiology of AN.

Objectives

Aim of this study was to analyze fecal microbiome profiles of AN women before and after weight restoration and to combine them with fecal metabolomic profiles according to a multi-omics approach.

Methods

The gut microbiome and fecal metabolites were characterized in 21 underweight AN women and after weight restoration and compared with those of 20 healthy women. Microbiome data were correlated with the relevant fecal metabolites.

Results

AN subjects showed a decreased intra-individual bacterial richness, an increased Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes abundance ratio and significant changes in the relative abundances of several bacteria at different order levels in both the underweight and weight-restored condition compared to healthy women. The untargeted metabolomic procedure allowed the characterization of 224 metabolites involved in energy, lipid and amino acid metabolism. A genetic algorithm identified 49 relevant metabolites. The relationships among these fecal metabolites and bacteria genera showed structures of different complexity in the 3 groups. In particular, a quarter of those relationships showed a divergent direction in the acute phase of AN than in the weight-restored phase or normal controls. Finally, in acute AN 70% of those correlations showed a negative sign suggesting a prevalent metabolites consummation by gut microbiome.

Conclusions

Our results provide a picture of the connections between gut bacteria and fecal metabolites in both the acute phase of AN and after short-term weight restoration. Further studies should aim to investigate the significance of gut microbiome perturbations in development and treatment of AN.