bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Clock Finger at Nought
Authors: Ohi Kevin
Published: September 2021

The epigraph of George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda immediately raises questions of foundation: “the make-believe of a beginning” is both the make-believe that there is a beginning and the make-believe that constitutes a beginning. It is itself the foundation that eludes it; its fiat, self-grounding and groundless. That structure enacts the topography of Eliot’s realism, which seeks to comprise a world it can also never reach. Finding in the epigraph’s sidereal clock an image both for the novel’s temporal structure (repeatedly circling back to approach its own beginning from behind, it keeps deriving its own inception) and for the groundless positing of its narrative view, it suggests that one highly abstract way to render the drama of Daniel Deronda would be to say that it involves treating questions of foundation as perspectival ones. Perspective in George Eliot—crucial to sympathy, and to her ethics and her realism—appears at the beginning of Daniel Deronda to produce character (rather than the other way around). Many of the larger movements of the novel (its character system, its narrative structure, even, at moments, its syntax) enact the sweep of the epigraph’s sidereal clock and return one, repeatedly, to its initial, initiating paradoxes of inception.
Proto-Reading and the Positing of Character in Our Mutual Friend
Authors: Ohi Kevin
Published: September 2021

The openings of Dickens’s novels schematically isolate the elements that will form the texts: beginning with the “two figures” of the novel’s opening, this chapter examines the positing of character in Our Mutual Friend. It traces the novel’s fascination with proto-, incomplete, or newly emerging persons: the partial assembly of skeletons, the emergence of the nouveau riche or of “made” men, the awakening to consciousness after a near-drowning, the looming of forms that might be (but that are not yet) human out of the darkness or at the borders of perception. The novel repeatedly produces scenarios where recursive structures of gazing (fond spouses attending to their spouses’ looks, a daughter watching to see what her father sees) as if produce faces that loom out of the void. It also repeatedly dramatizes forms of reading that aren’t literally reading: Silas Wegg teaching Boffin to “decline and fall”; Lizzie Hexham seeing stories in the fire; Charlie Hexham looking at the spines of books; Gaffer “reading” posters illegible to him, and so on. The novel’s concern with incipient forms and, as it were, proto-reading, indexes the way its major and minor plots and subplots are structured by an overarching concern with inception.
Etiology, Solitude, and Queer Incipience
Authors: Ohi Kevin
Published: September 2021

Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick spelled out reasons for queer theory to eschew the etiological questions that preoccupied early advocates of gay liberation: Etiologies of homosexuality are difficult, if not impossible, to insulate from a fantasy of eliminating gay people from the world. Sedgwick’s reparative account would seem, however, to have two objects at least nominally at odds: the proto-gay child in a state of suspension and the gayness that seeks to emerge from that potentiality, and, in emerging, to dissolve it. This chapter suggests that to dwell on queer origin might offer a way to sustain that “proto-gay” thread of potentiality, even within the actualization that makes it retrospectively legible. Carson McCullers’s Member of the Wedding, James Baldwin’s Go Tell it on the Mountain, and Su Friedrich’s film Hide and Seek offer examples of narrating the “proto-gay” from within: maintaining a relation to gay futures while remaining true to a perspective that does not resolve its present confusions (and pleasures) with reference to that horizon. To tell of proto-gay kids is also to pose the question of inception; they embody what, could we see it, remains forever unformed within us, the potentiality that is the heritage of our beginnings.
Coda
Authors: Strouse A. W.
Published: September 2021

A concluding discourse on the survival of Pauline allegorical circumcision into modernity. Figures and circumstances discussed include William Carlos Williams, Ernest Hemingway, Daniel Defoe, George Washington (and his cherry tree), the English Civil War, and contemporary political questions (particularly in the United States) around circumcision, antisemitism, and the lingering effects of the intellectual frameworks with which the book opened.
Estrangements of the World in the Familiar Essay
Authors: Sun Emily
Published: September 2021

Chapter 3 examines the form of the familiar or informal essay, which flourished in Republican China from the early 1920s until the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, facilitated by the vibrant periodical press in metropolitan areas. In a 1921 essay in the Beijing Chen Bao or Morning News, Zhou Zuoren points to a line of Anglo-American essayists from Addison to Chesterton as inspiration for his Chinese contemporaries. What characterizes the familiar or informal essay, as distinct from the critical or polemical essay, is a casual, informal tone, with which the author simulates conversation with the reader as peer and uses occasions in ordinary life as points of departure and topics for reflection. This chapter studies how Charles Lamb, one of the essayists Zhou mentions, and Zhou himself use the medium of the familiar essay to explore the strangeness of the everyday in writings that subtly position London and Beijing within a global network of multiple locations, metropolitan and otherwise.
Control of an Anthropomorphic Manipulator using LuGre Friction Model - Design and Experimental Validation
Authors: Ali Khurram , Mehmood Adeel , Muhammad Israr , Razzaq Sohail , Iqbal Jamshed
Published: September 2021

Automation technology has been extensively recognized as an emerging field in various industrial applications. Recent breakthrough in flexible automation is primarily due to deployment of robotic arms or manipulators. Autonomy in these manipulators is essentially linked with the advancements in non-linear control systems. The objective of this research is to propose a robust control algorithm for a five degree of freedom (DOF) robotic arm to achieve superior performance and reliability in the presence of friction. A friction compensation-based non-linear control has been proposed and realized for the robotic manipulator. The dynamic model of the robot has been derived by considering the dynamic friction model. The proposed three-state model is validated for all the joints of the manipulator. The integral sliding mode control (ISMC) methodology has been designed; the trajectories of system every time begin from the sliding surface and it eliminates the reaching phase with assistance of integral term in the sliding surface manifold. The designed control law has been first simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment to characterize the control performance in terms of tracking of various trajectories. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control law with model-based friction compensation. The transient parameters like settling and peak time have improvement as well have better results with friction than without considering the friction. The proposed control law is then realized on an in-house developed autonomous articulated robotic rducational platform (AUTAREP) and NI myRIO hardware interfaced with LabVIEW. Experimental results also witnessed the trajectory tracking by the robotic platform.
El mapa mental aumentado en puzle: expectativas de futuros docentes
Authors: Ariza Carrasco Cristian , Muñoz González Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo mostrar las expectativas que los futuros docentes tienen sobre los beneficios de la técnica del mapa mental aumentado en puzle en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje del alumnado. La muestra del estudio estuvo formada por 388 estudiantes de los grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria, así como del máster en Educación Inclusiva de la Universidad de Córdoba (España). Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario creado ad hoc y conformado por una escala Likert (1-5) con doce ítems distribuidos entre tres dimensiones: «Desarrollo de las capacidades personales», «Desarrollo de las capacidades interpersonales» y «Desarrollo de las capacidades centradas en el aprendizaje». Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a análisis descriptivos, comparativa de medias, correlaciones y estudio de regresiones lineales. Los resultados muestran una valoración positiva de los futuros docentes ante las posibilidades de esta técnica a la hora de desarrollar las capacidades personales e interpersonales, así como las capacidades centradas en el aprendizaje de su futuro alumnado, por lo que la consideran un buen recurso a emplear en las aulas como educadores.
Diverse clinical and social circumstances: developing patient-centred care for DR-TB patients in South Africa
Authors: Mitrani L. , Dickson-Hall L. , Le Roux S. , Hill J. , Loveday M. , Grant A. D. , Kielmann K. , Mlisana K. , Moshabela M. , Nicol M.P. , Black J. , Cox H.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE: To describe the medical, socio-economic and geographical profiles of patients with rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) and the implications for the provision of patient-centred care.SETTING: Thirteen districts across three South African provinces.DESIGN:
This descriptive study examined laboratory and healthcare facility records of 194 patients diagnosed with RR-TB in the third quarter of 2016.RESULTS: The median age was 35 years; 120/194 (62%) of patients were male. Previous TB treatment was documented in 122/194 (63%) patients
and 56/194 (29%) had a record of fluoroquinolone and/or second-line injectable resistance. Of 134 (69%) HIV-positive patients, viral loads were available for 68/134 (51%) (36/68 [53%] had viral loads of >1000 copies/ml) and CD4 counts were available for 92/134 (69%) (20/92 [22%] had CD4
<50 cells/mm3). Patients presented with varying other comorbidities, including hypertension (13/194, 7%) and mental health conditions (11/194, 6%). Of 194 patients, 44 (23%) were reported to be employed. Other socio-economic challenges included substance abuse (17/194, 9%) and
ill family members (17/194, 9%). Respectively 13% and 42% of patients were estimated to travel more than 20 km to reach their diagnosing and treatment-initiating healthcare facility.CONCLUSIONS: RR-TB patients had diverse medical and social challenges highlighting the need for integrated,
differentiated and patient-centred healthcare to better address specific needs and underlying vulnerabilities of individual patients.
Abhorrent Bodies
Authors: Mullins Paul R.
Published: September 2021

Chapter 4 illuminates the way the bodies of history’s most abhorrent characters fuel a broad range of contemporary politics. The corpse is the highest form of relic, a material thing that invokes the power of the dead person and is perceived as an active presence representing distinct values and memory. The bodies of reviled historical figures have often been effaced in an effort to defuse their capacity to foster, amplify, or reproduce unsettling or unacceptable politics, yet the burials of many people linked to abhorrent causes have become dynamic politicized landscapes.
Introduction
Authors: Murray Robert
Published: September 2021

The introduction summarizes the content of the chapters and places the research in a broader context. This book focuses on the experiences and beliefs of the African American settlers and Africans in the colony of Liberia and on its earliest years as a republic after independence in 1847. Readers will notice that while Murray examines Liberia and Liberians broadly, he often focuses his analytical gaze upon the independent colony of Maryland in Liberia, established by the Maryland State Colonization Society (MSCS) in 1834. The MSCS desired to shift colonization in a more antislavery direction and did not believe it could accomplish this goal within the confines of the American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color (the American Colonization Society or ACS).
“Your Views Cross the Atlantic”
Authors: Murray Robert
Published: September 2021

Chapter 5 examines the overwhelming rejection of colonization by free people of color in the United States, the evolution of the colonization societies, and the agency of the settlers in enacting these changes. For the majority of African Americans rejected colonization’s principal arguments. Those few who saw potential in Liberia emphasized the performative possibilities of the colony, the ability to act in ways previously denied to them on account of race. Significantly, the small number of African Americans who willingly chose to emigrate to Liberia were often racially ambiguous. They saw opportunity in the undefined and evolving racial identities offered by moving to Liberia. The chapter also examines the settlers’ roles in changing the colonization societies. For many settlers, there was no difference between abolition and colonization. Settlers worked with colonizationists committed to black uplift and attempted to drive out those who did not favor such reforms; they changed how the societies’ governed their colonies.
Food of the Gods
Authors: Walters Dale
Published: September 2021

This chapter deals with the history of cacao and cocoa, from its primary center of diversity in the Amazon basin to its cultivation in numerous countries across the humid lowland tropics. It covers the use of cocoa by pre-Colombian cultures from more than 5000 years ago to the Mayans and Aztecs, its “discovery” by Columbus in the late fifteenth century, and its popularity in Europe from the sixteenth century to the present. It follows the journey of this remarkable plant, from use of its beans as currency in Central America until the early to mid-nineteenth century, through to its place at the center of a multi-billion-dollar global chocolate industry.
Witches’ Broom
Authors: Walters Dale
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, the deadly witches’ broom disease is unmasked. Its true identity took considerable time to unravel, but the perseverance of researchers paid off and it turned out that the agent responsible is Moniliophthora perniciosa, a close relative of the frosty pod rot pathogen. The pathogen spread across the northern areas of South America and into the Caribbean, causing devastation from which cacao production in some countries never fully recovered. The major cacao-growing region of Bahia in Brazil remained free of the disease for a long time, but all that changed in the late 1980s. The discovery of witches’ broom there had far-reaching consequences for cacao production in Brazil, effects which are still felt today. This chapter looks at the efforts made to understand the pathogen and the disease it causes, and how this research informs work aimed at tackling the disease.
Frosty Pod Rot
Authors: Walters Dale
Published: September 2021

Chapter 7 follows the journey of frosty pod rot from the first report of the disease in 1895 in western Ecuador to the present day, where it has spread to much of South and Central America, and several Caribbean countries. To date, it has not been reported in Brazil, and considerable effort is being expended to ensure it does not spread to other cacao-growing regions. The chapter explores the fascinating biology of the causal agent, Moniliophthora roreri, which turns out to be related to the witches’ broom pathogen. Efforts to control the pathogen, reduce its impact, and contain its spread, are discussed.
Sap Suckers
Authors: Walters Dale
Published: September 2021

The cacao tree is host to some 1500 different insect species, though, mercifully, only a tiny fraction of these cause serious damage. One such group are sap-suckers known as capsids in West Africa, specifically Sahlbergella singularis and Distantiella theobromae, and mirids in Asia (Helopeltis species), and Central and South America (Monalonion species). These tiny insects are responsible for significant losses to cacao crops, resulting from direct damage through their feeding, as well as the ravages of opportunistic fungi that invade the tree via wounds caused by the mirids. This chapter looks at the biology and ecology of these sap-sucking pests and how this knowledge helps in devising control methods.
Multi-level governance in Südamerika
Authors: Bertel Maria
Published: September 2021

Südamerikas Staaten durchlaufen beständig Dezentralisierungs- und Rezentralisierungsprozesse. Die Neuerscheinung will dem seit 2001 wieder in Gang gekommenen Dezentralisierungsprozess in Peru auf den Grund gehen und sich vor allem der Frage widmen, inwiefern sich der Andenstaat Peru an einen Bundesstaat annähert bzw. ob Peru gar schon als Bundesstaat bezeichnet werden könnte.

Dazu werden Vergleichskriterien, die sich aus der institutionellen Mindestausstattung eines Bundesstaates ergeben, herangezogen und die wichtigsten verfassungsrechtlichen und unterverfassungsrechtlichen Bestimmungen anhand dieser analysiert. Zahlreiche vergleichende Hinweise auf südamerikanische und europäische Verfassungen, die sich über das gesamte Werk erstrecken, sollen eine Einordnung des Staates zwischen Bundesstaat und Einheitsstaat erleichtern. In einem Rundblick über ausgewählte lateinamerikanische Staaten wird schließlich das Spektrum bundesstaatlicher bzw. regionalisierter Organisationsformen auf dem südamerikanischen Kontinent dargestellt.
Minderheiten
Authors: Lahnsteiner Eva
Published: September 2021

Für den Begriff „Minderheit“ existiert trotz zahlreicher bilateraler und multilateraler Abkommen weder eine völkerrechtlich allgemein gültige, noch eine allseits anerkannte wissenschaftliche Definition. Vor diesem Hintergrund klärt diese Arbeit umfassend, unter Betrachtung universaler und regionaler Quellen, was unter einer ethnischen, sprachlichen, religiösen oder nationalen Minderheit zu verstehen ist. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die umfassende Analyse der Staatenpraxis und der Praxis der Vertragsüberwachungsorgane gelegt. Ebenso steht eine problemorientierte Betrachtung aktueller Fragen (wie z.B. die Einbeziehung von Fremden und Immigranten in den völkerrechtlichen Minderheitenschutz) im Zentrum.

Um der Aufgabenstellung gerecht zu werden ist eine Auseinandersetzung mit grundlegenden Fragen des Minderheitenschutzes unumgänglich: Warum sind Minderheiten angesichts des modernen Menschenrechtsschutzes überhaupt noch Sonderrechte zu gewähren? Sollte ein Staat nicht nach möglichst hoher Homogenität streben, um Stabilität oder das Wohl des Einzelnen zu fördern?

Als Ergebnis der Studie wird der Entwurf einer möglichen Legaldefinition präsentiert und ein Weg zu deren Implementierung aufgezeigt.
William Lindley (1808-1900)
Authors: Pelc Ortwin
Published: September 2021

Erfindergeist und Weitsicht: William Lindley prägte das Gesicht des heutigen Hamburg maßgeblich mit.

William Lindley war nach dem großen Brand von 1842 maßgeblich am Wiederaufbau Hamburgs beteiligt. Er gehörte zu den mobilen »civil engineers« aus England, die im beginnenden Industriezeitalter mit Erfindungsgeist und Weitsicht ihre Kenntnisse auf den europäischen Kontinent brachten und dort weiterentwickelten. In Hamburg plante Lindley von 1842 bis 1860 die Infrastruktur der rasch wachsenden Großstadt - z. B. durch eine moderne Kanalisation und Wasserversorgung - und machte sie damit zum Vorbild für andere deutsche und europäische Städte. Dabei wurde er von engagierten, am zeitgemäßen Fortschritt orientierten Unternehmern und Politikern unterstützt, musste sich aber auch mit starken beharrenden Kräften auseinandersetzen.

Die Biografie zeichnet eingehend Lindleys Leben nach. Sie geht auf Familie, erste Berufserfahrungen sowie seine Mitwirkung beim frühen norddeutschen Eisenbahnbau ein. Im Mittelpunkt der Darstellung stehen seine Hamburger Arbeiten, doch werden auch weitere Projekte in deutschen und europäischen Städten dargestellt.

Lindley wollte mit seiner Arbeit zur Verbesserung der Hygiene und Gesundheit in der Bevölkerung beitragen und damit dem Gemeinwohl dienen.
Gespenstische Souveränität
Authors: Haselbeck Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Das Ende des Kaiserreichs und die Novemberrevolution von 1918 markieren einen Umbruch, der die Zwischenkriegszeit in Atem halten wird. Es beginnt die Suche nach alternativen politischen Figuren und Gebrauchsanweisungen für eine Gegenwart, in der Herrschaft und ihre Repräsentation neu verhandelt werden.

Im September 1910 gehen der deutsche und der österreichische Kaiser gemeinsam ins Kino. In einem Kinematographentheater auf dem Wiener Prater schauen sie sich Filme an, die sie selbst auf der Leinwand zeigen. Die monarchischen Repräsentanten der beiden Staaten werden im Akt der Repräsentation verdoppelt: Sie sind zugleich als Zuschauer und als Filmdarsteller im Kinosaal präsent. Doch dann reißt plötzlich der Filmstreifen. Dieser Riss, so die These des Buches, geht nicht allein durch die Repräsentationslogik monarchischer Souveränität. Er lässt sich auch als Chiffre für die grundlegende Veränderung in der Vorstellung und Darstellung von Souveränität in der politischen Wirklichkeit zwischen 1910 und 1920 begreifen.

Das Buch von Sebastian Haselbeck verfolgt das Nachleben monarchischer Repräsentationsformen im Übergang zur Demokratie. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf literarischen und filmischen Darstellungen von Souveränität im deutschen und im habsburgischen Kaiserreich in ganz unterschiedlichen Konstellationen: Von den Zelluloid-Doppelgängern im Prater, Franz Kafkas »Verspensterung« kaiserlicher Souveränität, dem hölzernen Hindenburg, einer Nagelstatue im Tiergarten in Berlin, die Hugo Balls politischen Ikonoklasmus inspiriert, bis hin zu Max Webers »genialischem Seeräuber«, der als einsamer Charismatiker die bürokratisierte Welt der Moderne unsicher macht, reichen die historischen Gegenstände, die hier untersucht und zu neuem Leben erweckt werden.
Introduction
Authors: Lai Francisca Yuenki
Published: September 2021

This chapter explains the use of “queer” as a subject position, not as an identity. It proceeds to review previous studies of female labor migration, body and sexuality. The chapter also addresses the intersectionality of race, class, religion, gender and sexuality as well as the contexts migrant domestic workers find themselves in. Sometimes, the gender identity of queer migrants may outweigh their sexual identity when the patriarchal context is taken into consideration. The author calls for academic attention to the queer imaginings of home projected by migrant workers. The chapter also covers qualitative research methods and the author’s reflection in the field.
Chronological Overview of the French Trade at Canton, 1698–1842
Authors: Schopp Susan E.
Published: September 2021

Chapter 1 provides a chronological overview of France’s near century and a half (1698–1842) in the Canton Trade. The Europe trade was carried out for its first two decades by private traders to whom the French East India Company leased its China monopoly on a limited basis; then, following reorganization in 1719, the Company began to exercise that monopoly itself, sending ships to Canton from 1720 to 1769. In 1769 the trade was opened to all French subjects and continued so until 1785, when the third Company was created; and when the trade was opened once and for all to all French nationals in 1790, this Company became private, in competition with other private companies before it was abolished in 1793. The intra-Asian (country) trade, in contrast, was initially in the hands of the Company, which remained involved in it to some degree before the trade went wholly private in the early 1740s. The French experience demonstrates the need for a reassessment of the traditional definitions of the terms “private” and “company,” and “Europe” and “intra-Asian,” proving that the distinctions between them are in fact far more nuanced, and indeed, often blurry, than traditionally acknowledged.
East India Ships and Chop Boats
Authors: Schopp Susan E.
Published: September 2021

Chapter 3 focuses on two types of watercraft that were essential to Sino-French trade at Canton. East India ships were built to withstand the rigors of the long-haul voyage between Europe and Asia; the three-masted square-riggers of the second French East India Company (1719–1769) are the best known, and were subject to regulations regarding fitting out and laying up, sea routes and ports of call, logbooks, crew composition, training, wages, discipline, inventories of the deceased, interloping vessels and prizes, and more. Chop boats [西瓜] were the lighters that transported incoming and outgoing cargo between the East India ships at the Whampoa [黃埔] anchorage and the city of Canton, 20 kilometers (12 miles) upriver. Their design readily facilitated the loading and unloading of cargo, as well as the transport of traders and their possessions between Macau and Canton at the beginning and end of the trading season. Swift-moving and operated by highly capable crews, they well commanded the respect of other operators on the Pearl River.
The Voyage and Sea Routes
Authors: Schopp Susan E.
Published: September 2021

Chapter 4 focuses on the voyage and sea routes that figured in France’s Europe trade with China. A knowledge not only of ship handling but also of wind systems was essential to a vessel’s safe arrival at her destination; so was the ability to deal with navigational hazards at a time when many regions remained to be accurately charted. The timing and duration of a voyage were also affected by the number of ports of call, the length of stay at each, and the route taken. Mariners were guided by sailing instructions such as d’Après de Mannevillette’s Neptune oriental, which described routes, winds, currents, navigational hazards, landmarks, port entrances, and more. While the majority of ships sailed via the Cape of Good Hope, the French also made use of routes via Cape Horn, both in the years 1706–1717, when they combined trade at Canton with that of supplying Spanish colonies on the Pacific coast of South America, and in the nineteenth century. Closer to China, the increasing use of alternative routes freed vessels from restrictions imposed by monsoons in the South China Sea, enabling ships to arrive year-round and ultimately lessening the control of Chinese authorities over international trade.
The Landscape of Historical Memory
Authors: Denton Kirk A.
Published: September 2021

The Landscape of Historical Memory explores the place of museums and memorial culture in the contestation over historical memory in post–martial law Taiwan. The book is particularly oriented toward the role of politics—especially political parties—in the establishment, administration, architectural design, and historical narratives of museums. It is framed around the wrangling between the “blue camp” (the Nationalist Party, or KMT, and its supporters) and the “green camp” (Democratic Progressive Party, DPP), and its supporters) over what facets of the past should be remembered and how they should be displayed in museums. Organized into chapters focused on particular types of museums and memorial spaces (archaeology museums, history museums, martyrs’ shrines, war museums, memorial halls, literature museums, ethnology museums, ecomuseums, etc.), the book presents a broad overview of the state of museums in Taiwan in the past three decades. The case of Taiwan museums tells us much about Cold War politics and its legacy in East Asia; the role of culture, history, and memory in shaping identities in the multiply “postcolonial” landscape of Taiwan; the politics of historical memory in an emergent democracy, especially in counterpoint to the politics of museums in the People’s Republic of China, which continues to be an authoritarian single party state; and the place of museums in a neoliberal economic climate.
Taiwan, China, and the National Imaginary
Authors: Denton Kirk A.
Published: September 2021

Chapter 1 focuses on three museums that treat Taiwan’s premodern history: the National Museum of History (國立歷史博物館‎, NMH), the National Taiwan Museum of Prehistory (國立台灣史前博物館‎), and the Shihsanhang Museum (十三行博物館‎). The NMH was the first museums established by the KMT after its move to Taiwan in 1949. Until recently, it has stood firmly in the sinocentric historical narrative, which implicitly links Taiwan to the dynastic history of mainland China. The other two museums, both established in the early 2000s, are in the “nativist” mode, forging an origins narrative that traces Taiwan’s historical roots not to China but to Taiwan’s prehistoric peoples and their present-day descendants—the aboriginal groups of Taiwan.
White Terror and the Discourse of Peace and Reconciliation
Authors: Denton Kirk A.
Published: September 2021

Since the lifting of martial law, museums have been established in Taiwan that draw attention to past human rights abuses under the Chiang regime and that promote human rights education. This chapter focusses on two such sites: the Ching-mei Human Rights Culture Park (景美人權文化園區‎) and the Green Island Human Rights Culture Park (綠島人權文化園區‎), as well on efforts to join the two together to form the National Museum of Human Rights (國家人權博物館‎). These sites have been the object of political contention between the DPP and the KMT, but both parties have used them to present Taiwan as a democratic society that respects human rights and is united with the rest of the “free” world.
Memory of the Chiang Dynasty
Authors: Denton Kirk A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter looks at two sites dedicated to the memory of Chiang Kai-shek, the former KMT leader whose legacy in Taiwan today is rife with conflict. The focus of the first part of the chapter is the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall (中正紀念堂‎), built in 1980 to honor the leader who died in 1975. But the green camp, when it was in political power, sought to “de-Chiang-ify” the site and transform it into a National Taiwan Democracy Memorial Hall, which mounted exhibits decrying the violence and repression of the Chiang regime. The second is the Two Chiangs Culture Park (兩蔣文化園區‎), a site born of a marketing strategy to combine the Chiang Kai-shek Mausoleum (which Chiang’s body is entombed) and the Chiang Ching-kuo Mausoleum (where the son of Chiang is entombed) to attract more tourists, in particular tourists from the mainland.
Northern Song Conceptions of the Imperial Temple and Temple Sacrifices
Authors: Cheung Hiu Yu
Published: September 2021

Chapter 2 introduces Song ritual institutions, ritual officials, and early Song ritual controversies over fraternal succession and the discourse of filial piety. It emphasizes the key position of the Commission of Ritual Affairs in making Song court rituals. It also reveals the growing interest of Northern Song emperors in the arrangements of the Imperial Temple and the active role they performed in ritual debates and reforms, as well as their political concerns on the Imperial Temple.
Yuanfeng Ritual Reforms and the 1079 Zhaomu Debate
Authors: Cheung Hiu Yu
Published: September 2021

Chapter 4 examines a ritual debate in the late reign of Emperor Shenzong engaging ritual officials who all came from the reformist camp. By focusing on the zhaomu昭穆‎ sequence of imperial ancestors in the Song Imperial Temple, these officials revisited some crucial norms of Confucian ancestral rituals, such as the ritual affiliations between grandfathers and grandsons. In terms of ritual interests, this chapter reveals the discrepancy within the reformist camp.
Socialization of the Discourse of Temple Rituals in the Late Southern Song
Authors: Cheung Hiu Yu
Published: September 2021

Chapter 7 analyzes the adoption of some ritual norms of the Imperial Temple in the writings of Southern Song and Yuan local scholars and literati. Compared to Northern Song scholars, these local elites were more interested in the moralizing effect of ancestral rituals. They highlighted the enlightening power of rectified ancestral rituals in consolidating various social organizations on the local level, especially the burgeoning system of descent groups in South China. Consequently, Southern Song and Yuan discourses on temple rituals demonstrated a shift of focus from state to society, and from theoretical disputes to liturgical practices.
Conclusion
Authors: Cheung Hiu Yu
Published: September 2021

This book provides a missing link in the history of the Middle Period of China. It demonstrates how ritual in the Song dynasty intertwined more with scholar-officials’ intellectual endeavors than with their political stances. Based on their own interpretations of imperial ritual traditions and related ritual commentaries, Northern Song ritual officials sought monarchical support to initiate a campaign of reviving ancient temple rituals. In particular, officials and scholars under the influence of Wang Anshi’s ritual scholarship emphasized the necessity of revising the layout of the Imperial Temple, in order to conform to the ancient setting that was recorded in the ritual Classics. Scholar-officials outside the New Learning circle also championed the New Learning advocacy of an idealized ancient Imperial Temple. Some of them were adamant opponents of Wang Anshi’s New Policies. The disjunction between scholar-officials’ political stances and their ritual interests provides a counterexample to the conventional understanding of Song factional politics as polarizing political groups. As I have demonstrated in my discussion of the 1072 debate on the Primal Ancestor of the temple, it was quite understandable for some late eleventh-century ritual officials to share a common interest with Wang Anshi and Emperor Shenzong in promoting ritual reforms—despite the conservative stances of these same ritual officials on the political level. In this light, this book illustrates how Song debates and discussions over the Imperial Temple and temple rituals differentiated scholar-officials’ ritual interests and shaped their identities on the intellectual dimension....
A Ciência na Educação Segundo John Dewey
Authors: Galvão Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Education plays a very special role in Dewey’s System of thought. And according to Dewey, science, being knowledge at its best, has an unsurpassable educational value which every genuine democracy must take seriously. Here I try to show how and why Dewey developed this point of view. I start by considering how, in Dewey’s System, education is seen as a form of experience deeply significant to philosophy. Then I try to stress the most inte resting points concerning Dewey’s view of education as a social process. This leds me to explain why Dewey thought that the best kind of education should occur in a democratic environment and what does he mean by that. At this point it becomes possible (I hope) to effectively understand where Dewey saw the educational value of scientific knowledge and how, according to him, should that value be promoted. Since the superiority of scientific knowledge lies in its method, Dewey argued, science becomes deprived of all its educational value whenever is taught, as ususal, as a mere ready-made subject-matter.
O Homem Como Microcosmo
Authors: André João Maria ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, on essaie de présenter quelques traits fondamentaux de la conception de l’homme chez Nicolas de Cues. En partant du motif de l’homme comme image de Dieu, on suit la métaphore du livre de la nature, où l’homme se montre en tant que lecteur et interprète privilégié. Cette perspective active nous conduit à la conception de l’art comme imitation de la nature, fondée dans une nouvelle lecture tant de la nature que de l’art. Les données acquises dans l’analyse de ces trois traits de l’homme trouvent sa synthèse dans l’approfondissement par Nicolas de Cues de l’ancien thème du microcosme dans un sens dynamique et créateur. Finalement, on présente un rapport avec l’inflexion spiritualiste de la conception de l’homme chez Marsilio Ficino.
Entre Reforma e Contra-Reforma
Authors: Moreira Teixeira António ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

By 1576, in order to obtain the censor’s permission to publish his two last treatises, the artist and philosopher Francisco de Holanda was forced to produce a major change in his conception of art. In an anticipation of the trend that was going to spread all over Europe some decades later, he agreed to replace his neo-platonic notion of an art of divine inspiration for a new conception of the artistic expression centred on the aristotelic caracterization of the human creative process. However, in doing that, Holanda paved the way for the development of a true methaphysics of art. In this article, the author intends to establish the network of philosophical influences that made possible this important change of course in the history of european aesthetics, as well as determine its implications.
O Sonho na Medicina do Renascimento
Authors: Cardoso Adelino ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Cette étude pose la question, devenue de plus en plus actuelle, de la pertinence du rêve dans la clinique médicale. En fait, de nos jours, un siècle après la publication de la Traumdeutung freudienne, on peut constater la réhabilitation du rêve comme objet scientifique, doué d’une signification immanente. L’auteur envisage la question posée dans une période - la Renaissance - difficile à cerner en vertu de son caractère même, hétéroclite, où la science et la magie se mêlent sans réussir à élaborer une vraie synthèse. Il se propose de saisir l’intelligibilité scientifique de la Renaissance en tant que telle, dans son originalité propre, en dénonçant les contresens qui découlent d’un examen rétrospectif de cette intelligibilité. On prend comme paradigmatique de cette science l’effort d’élargir la conception de nature dans le dessein d’intégrer les mirabilia au dedans, qui est mené par Pomponaizzi dans son oeuvre De incantationibus. Ce n’est pas un hasard qu’il s’agit d’une oeuvre médicale, car la Médecine occupe une place centrale dans l’intelligibilité scientifique de cette époque: c’est dans le cadre du savoir et de la praxis médicaux qu’on essaie de construire une science autonome, à la mesure de l’homme, une science conjecturelle et pratique, une ars. Dans son parcours, la recherche a suivi le chemin d ’Amador Arrais dans ses Dialogues (1589) et celui de Francisco Sanches dans son Commentaire à la devination par le rêve, contre Aristote (circa 1600). La position sur l’usage médical du rêve et sur le modèle épistémiq ue sousjace nt est, surprenamment, très proche dans les deux penseurs choisis. On appronfondit surtout la pensée de Sanches selon laqu elle le rêve manifeste l'état global du sujet. Cette conception joue admirablement avec la compréhension sanchesienne de la médecine comme un art du sentir (ars sensualis).
Os Descobrimentos e a Retórica da Razão Moderna
Authors: Ribeiro dos Santos Leonel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

L’image du voyage en haute mer a été toujours une des plus expressives métaphores de la condition humaine dans son essentielle inconstance et insécurité, et l’humaniste Érasme de Rotterdam l’a bien recensée dans son adage «in eadem sumus navi». Mais depuis la Renaissance et après les voyages océaniques qui ont amené Christophe Colomb à la découverte du Nouveau Monde, le voyage par mer a acquis, dans le discours de quelques philosophes, la fonction d’une métaphore féconde pour dire l’aventureuse expérience des découvertes scientifiques et philosophiques, comme si il s’ouvrait devant la raison un inépuisable nouveau monde de connaissances qu’il faudrait découvrir par l’heureuse combination de l’audace, de l’intelligence et de la bonne fortune. En suivant le cours de la métaphore, l’essai montre son divers fonctionnement rhétorique dans l’oeuvre de quelques penseurs modernes, tels que Francis Bacon, Emmanuel Kant et le jésuite portugais du baroque António Vieira.
O Estudo das Línguas dos "Povos Descobertos", o Encontro de Culturas e "O Novo Mundo da Razão"
Authors: Craveiro da Silva Lúcio ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article on fait une recension de l’important rôle des missionnaires portugais dans la création des bases qui ont rendu possible le dialogue interculturel des peuples européens avec les peuples de l’Orient et du Nouveau Monde, notamment à travers l’étude des langues natives des peuples avec lesquels ils ont été en contact depuis les premiers siècles des Découvertes. Ce dialogue par le moyen des langues, qui a constitué la première rencontre entre la culture européenne et les cultures orientales, est suffisamment démontré par l’histoire et la description des traditions, des religions et des idéologies du Nouveau Monde, qui ont ainsi élargi les perspectives culturelles du «nouveau monde de la raison européenne», un procès qui non seulement se maintient mais ne cesse de s’intensifier dans l’actualité.
John Rawls: el Giro Contemporáneo de la Ética a Partir de su Teoría de la Justicia Como Imparcialidad
Authors: Aranda Fraga Fernando ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Up to the middle of the 20th Century, studies of metaethics were the main object of study of the analitical current which covered that area, leaving aside fundamental problems, considered meaningless at that time. Even though Rawls is heir of this philosophical current, he supports a new approach which goes back to the substancial nature of ethics, though set in a framework whose political basis supposedly is liberal democracy, his methodology of contractualism and content, and a constructivism lacking metaphysical presuppositions, strongly influenced by Kantian thought. Taking these elements, Rawls designs a theory of justice whose main aspiration is faimess, a theory by which he tries to disprove the two main ethical currents of his time: Utilitarism and Intuitionism. To all this he adds a clear intention of considering an ordered society the one where Right is above Good. According to him, only then a pluralist society will be possible, a society where the ends of liberal democracy can be accomplished.
Da Ética à Religião
Authors: Fernandes Sara ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Paul Ricoeur sustains in Soi-même comme un autre that the tragical conflict in Sophocle’s Antigone is only ethical. Antigone and Creon confront each other because they both have limited and partial views of good life. The aim of this brief paper is to show that Antigone's tragedy must be situated in the religions domain. Only Greek theology - the belief in a ‘cruel’ and ‘satanic’ God - gives us the ‘tools’ to understand Sophocles' complex imaginary.
O Modo Analítico de Fazer Filosofia o 'Sinn' de Frege
Authors: Silva Graça Adriana ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

My aim in this paper is to show in what sense one might characterize ‘analytic philosophy’. In its first part I present some meta-philosophical ideas about the topic and in its following and more substantial parts I develop, as an example of what is being said, one and only one philosophical problem in the Philosophy of Language. The philosophical problem I consider, the so called ‘identity problem’ or ‘Frege Puzzle’ was first advanced by Frege and was treated and developed by several philosophers during the 20th Century. I consider some of the main solutions for the puzzle trying to show by philosophical considerations what I had previously said by meta-philosophical ideas about analytic philosophy.
Do "Crepúsculo do Dever" à "Valsa das Éticas"
Authors: Beckert Cristina ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

This paper tries to analyse the way rational, prescriptive and universal morals turns into emotional and charitable ethics, in the middle of the twentieth Century. By means of confronting different positions like Alain Fienkielkraut’s, Gilles Lipovetsky’s, and Luc Ferry’s, it shows the importance of the bound between democracy and ethics, through a dialogical commitment, thought as a sign of ethical hypocrisy by Lipovetsky.
A Religião e a Experiência do Divino
Authors: Correia Carlos João ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The goal of this paper is to distinguish between two main concepts in Philosophy of Religion: the religious human experience and the notion of God. It argues that religion must be understood as a symbolic and cultural construction while the concept of the divine means the experience of the limits of human thought. Sometimes, throughout human history, these two experience meet but they are not conceptually the same.
O Problema da Definição do Acidente em Aristóteles
Authors: Mesquita António Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The present article aims to clear up three different, though connected, questions: 1st. The significance of the double definition of ‘accident’ in the Topics. 2nd. The significance of the distinction be tween two types of accident (‘strict’ accident and per se accident) in the Posterior Analytics and in the Metaphysics, namely in its alleged relationship with the double definition of ‘accident’ in the Topics. 3rd. The meaning of per se accidents within the framework of the predicables, namely from the point of view of its putative identification with propria predicates. In the course of the analysis, the answers given to these three questions are the following (in inverse order to their presentation): 1. By definition, the same predicate can never be a per se accident and a proprium, except incidentally, namely when regarded ‘at a certain moment’ (pote) or ‘in relation to something else’ (pros ti). In fact, despite Aristotle’s silence about the status of per se accidents within the framework of the predicables, they have there its own peculiar logical location, namely under the first definition of ‘accident’. 2. The distinction between ‘strict’ accident and per se accident, on the one hand, and the double definition of ‘accident’, on the other, do not coalesce, though they partially overlap. The second definition of ‘accident’ in the Topics subsumes only ‘strict ’ accidents, while the first definition is generally valid for ‘strict’ accidents and per se accidents. 3. As far as an educated guess can go on historical matters, we can suppose that the second definition of ‘accident’ was conceived by Aristotle to cover the only kind of accidents recognised by him when writing the Topics, while, by that time, the first definition was thought merely as a alternative negative definition. However, it is the schema provided by the first definition that allows a precise technical definition of the two types of accidents, which nowhere can be found in Aristotle texts. In the final part of the article, we try to reconstruct this technical definition.