bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hans Lassen Martensen’s “The Present Religious Crisis”
Authors: Stewart Jon
Published: December 2017

This article provides an English translation of Hans Lassen Martensen’s “The Present Religious Crisis” from 1842. In this work Martensen outlines two important trends that were much discussed at the time. The first part of his article is dedicated to the Anabaptist movement in Denmark, which was in open conflict with the Danish State Church about the question of infant baptism. In the second part, Martensen treats the work of the left Hegelian David Friedrich Strauss and his followers, who regarded the gospel accounts of the life of Jesus as, by and large, myths. Although polar opposites, these two movements are, for Martensen, symptoms of the religious confusion of the day. Martensen attempts to defend the Danish State Church in the face of these criticisms. Kierkegaard seems to refer to Martensen’s article in his “Public Confession,” where he refers to the rise of sects in Denmark and makes explicit reference to both the Anabaptists and the Straussians. Like Martensen, he is at pains to distance himself from Strauss and his followers. Martensen’s article also represents a landmark in the history of the Danish Hegel reception since it signals the alarm about the new Straussian trend.
Web Application for Romanian Language Phonetic Transcription
Authors: Domokos József , Szakács Zsolt Attila
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a Romanian language phonetic transcription web service and application built using Java technologies, on the top of the Phonetisaurus G2P, a Word Finite State Transducer (WFST)-driven Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion toolkit.

We used NaviRO Romanian language pronunciation dictionary for WFST model training, and MIT Language Modeling (MITLM) toolkit to estimate the needed joint sequence n-gram language model.

Dictionary evaluation tests are also included in the paper.

The service can be accessed for educational, research and other non-commercial usage athttp://users.utcluj.ro/~jdomokos/naviro/.
Finger or Stylus: Their Impact on the Performance of On-line Signature Verification Systems
Authors: Antal Margit , Bandi András
Published: December 2017

The widespread use of smartphones and the ability of these devices to digitize signatures have made it possible to sign electronic documents in this way. In this paper we compared two on-line signature databases in terms of verification performance: the MCYT containing signatures drawn by stylus pen, and MOBISIG containing finger drawn signatures. Performance evaluations were performed using both local and global systems. In the case of global systems, we evaluated the performance of a novel information theory features set. Little improvement was achieved by this feature set. There were large differences between the two databases in terms of performance. Finger drawn signatures collected by mobile device were proved inferior to signatures collected by digitizing tablet and its stylus.
Hybrid modeling and model based control of the four tank process
Authors: Kardos Tamás , Kutasi Dénes Nimród
Published: December 2017

Hybrid systems contain both continuous dynamics and discrete elements, where discrete transitions happen between different continuous operating modes as a consequence of certain events. The notion of modeling these types of systems is discussed in regard to the four tank process, which has hybrid and nonlinear characteristics. This paper describes the modeling of this system in Simscape software and a hybrid model is created as well, with a hybrid controller being built around it that includes finite-state automata and PI controller. Simulations implemented in Matlab Simulink software prove the viability and correctitude of the method presented.
Computing Algorithm for the Gear Tooth Space Points Cloud Envelope Generated by the Mixed Cad Method
Authors: Tolvaly-Rosca Ferenc , Forgó Zoltán
Published: December 2017

The task of the mixed pure CAD generating method developed by the authors consists in finding only the points situated on the gear tooth surface. The use of the mixed CAD gear generating method results in a very large and particular type of Points Cloud: This contains points situated both in the tooth space, and on the tooth surface. The existing filtering programs and methods, as it was presented in previous papers, cannot deal with these particular point sets. The development of the named particular generating method claims an algorithm and a computer software which can find the envelope of the Points Cloud. This papers presents an Alpha Shape algorithm based filtering algorithm, adapted and developed to be used together with the mixed CAD generating software.
Rademacher’s theorem in Banach spaces without RNP
Authors: Bongiorno Donatella
Published: December 2017

We improve a Duda’s theorem concerning metric and w
*-Gâteaux differentiability of Lipschitz mappings, by replacing the σ-ideal 𝓐 of Aronszajn null sets [ARONSZAJN, N.: Differentiability of Lipschitzian mappings between Banach spaces, Studia Math. 57 (1976), 147–190], with the smaller σ-ideal 𝓐 of Preiss-Zajíček null sets [PREISS, D.—ZAJÍČEK, L.: Directional derivatives of Lipschitz functions, Israel J. Math. 125 (2001), 1–27]. We also prove the inclusion C̃

o
⊂ 𝓐, where C̃

o
is the σ-ideal of Preiss null sets [PREISS, D.: Gâteaux differentiability of cone-monotone and pointwise Lipschitz functions, Israel J. Math. 203 (2014), 501–534].
On non-additive probability measures
Authors: Riečan Beloslav , Samuelčik Karol
Published: December 2017

The additivity of considered measures or integrals resp. can be omitted in some problems of mathematical analysis and its applications. In the paper it is shown that similar situations are possible also in the probability theory. As an example is proved a generalized version of the central limit theorem about the convergence of arithmetical means of independent random variables to the Gauss distribution.
Crystal structure of bis{5-(diethylamino)-2-(((2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ2
O,N}cobalt(II), C40H38CoN4O6
Authors: Jia Hao-Ran , Li Jing , Sun Yin-Xia
Published: December 2017

C40H38CoN4O6, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 25.848(2) Å, b = 9.7537(5) Å, c = 13.8302(11) Å, β = 93.760(7)°, Z = 4, V = 3479.3(4) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0770, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1824, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-(μ2-5-methylisophthalato-κ2
O:O′)(μ2-1,4-bis((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)], NiC21H22O6N6
Authors: Hui Guo , Xin-Hong Chang , Hao-Yue Qin
Published: December 2017

NiC21H22O6N6, orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 18.214(3) Å, b = 20.934(3) Å, c = 5.5296(8) Å, V = 2108.3(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0279, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.798, T = 296(2) K.
A Corey lactone: crystal structure of (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-benzoyloxy-4(hydroxymethyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one, C15H16O5
Authors: Wang Kun-Yan , Wei Pengfei , Yang Xiao-Li
Published: December 2017

C15H16O5, monoclinic, P21, a = 7.9178(8) Å, b = 10.8496(12) Å, c = 7.9804(8) Å, β = 95.491(3)° V = 682.41(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0646, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1323, T = 296(2) K.
Broadband spectroscopy for characterization of tissue-like phantom optical properties
Authors: Shahin Ali , Bachir Wesam
Published: December 2017

Optical phantoms are widely used for evaluating the performance of biomedical optical modalities, and hence, absorbing and scattering materials are required for the construction of optical phantoms. Towards that aim, new readily available and inexpensive black Ink (Parker) as a simulating absorber as well as Intralipid 20% as a simulating scatterer are thoroughly investigated. Broadband Transmittance and Diffuse reflectance spectroscopic measurements were performed in the visible range 400 – 700 nm. Optical properties of the phantom materials are determined. Analytical expressions for absorption and scattering coefficient related to the concentrations and wavelength of the Parker ink and Intralipid are also presented and discussed. The results show nonlinear trend in the absorption coefficient of Parker ink over the examined visible spectral range. Furthermore, Intralipid scattering coefficient variation across the mentioned spectral range shows a tissue-like scattering trend. The findings demonstrate the capability of the broadband transmission and diffuse reflectance for characterizing tissue-like phantom materials in the examined spectral range.
The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-Mo PM Steels with Addition of Mn And Cu
Authors: Lichańska E. , Kulecki P. , Pańcikiewicz K.
Published: December 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of chemical composition on the structure and mechanical properties of Mn-Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-Cu PM steels. Pre-alloyed powder Astaloy 85Mo, diffusion alloyed powders Distaloy AQ and Distaloy AB produced by Höganäs, low carbon ferromanganese, carbonyl nickel powder T255 with three-dimensional filamentary structure and graphite CU-F have been used as the basic powders. Three mixtures with compositions of Fe-1%Mn-(0.5/1.75)%Ni-(0.5/0.85)%Mo-0.8%C and Fe-1.75%Ni-0.5%Mo-1.5%Cu-0.8%C were prepared in a Turbula mixer. Green compacts were single pressed in a steel die at 660 MPa according to PN-EN ISO 2740 standard. Sinterhardening was carried out at 1250°C in a mixture of 95% N2+5% H2 for 60 minutes. Mechanical tests (tensile, bend, hardness) and microstructural investigations were performed. Additionally, XRD and EDS analysis, fractographic investigations were carried out. The microstructures of steels investigated were mainly bainitic or bainitic-martensitic. Addition 1% Mn to Distaloy AQ based steel caused increase of tensile properties (YS from 422 to 489 MPa, UTS from 522 to 638 MPa, TRS from 901 to 1096 MPa) and decrease of plasticity (elongation from 3.65 to 2.84%).
Food supply (Orthoptera, Mantodea, Rodentia and Eulipotyphla) and food preferences of the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Slovakia
Authors: Krištín Anton , Tulis Filip , Klimant Peter , Bacsa Kristián , Ambros Michal
Published: December 2017

Food supply in the nesting territories of species has a key role to the species diet composition and their breeding success. Red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) preys predominantly on larger insect species with a supplementary portion of smaller vertebrates. In the breeding periods 2014 and 2016 their food supply, focusing on Orthoptera, Mantodea, Rodentia and Eulipotyphla, was analysed at five historical nesting sites of the species in Slovakia. Preference for these prey groups in the diet was also studied at the last active nesting site in this country. Overall we recorded 45 Orthoptera species (of which 23 species are known as the food of the red-footed falcon), one species of Mantodea, 10 species of Rodentia (of which 2 species are known as the food of the red-footed falcon) and 5 species of the Eulipotyphla order in the food supply. With regard to the availability of the falcons' preferred food, in both years the most suitable was the Tvrdošovce site, which continuously showed the greatest range and abundance of particular species. In the interannual comparison the insects showed lower variability in abundance than the small mammals. In 2014 the growth of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) population culminated and with the exception of a single site (Bodza) a slump in abundance was recorded in 2016. In comparing the diet composition with the food supply at the last Slovak breeding site Rusovce (Special Protection Area Sysľovské polia), we recorded significant preference for grasshopper Caliptamus italicus (in 2014), common vole (in 2016) and cricket Tettigonia viridissima (in both years) in the falcons' diet. They did not prey on the Apodemus sylvaticus species belonging among the abundant small mammal species in that locality. Conservation measures in the agricultural landscape are discussed in relation to homogeneous red-footed falcon breeding territories.
Foraging opportunism and feeding frequency in the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Slovakia: case study from 2017
Authors: Chavko Jozef , Krištín Anton
Published: December 2017

Foraging opportunism and feeding frequency are less studied parameters of behaviour in insectivorous falcons, many of which are endangered bird species. In this short study, prey composition and feeding frequency of red-footed falcon(Falco vespertinus) nestlings were studied using the method of camera recordings during seven days in July 2017 in southwestern Slovakia. Camera recording analyses of 2–3 chicks (14–26 days old) in three nests revealed a significant preference for insects (97%, n = 305 prey items), of which the Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) was highly predominant (54%). We also found very high average chick feeding frequency (9.9 feedings per hour, n = 29 hours 22 min of regular observations), whereby the females fed their young ones more frequently (64.9%, n = 305 feedings) than the males (35.1%). Analyses of food composition in adverse weather conditions showed that unfavourable weather had a negative effect on chick feeding frequency, and in rainy weather the males fed significantly less than the females.
The fibroblast growth factor 8 family in the female reproductive tract
Authors: Estienne Anthony , Price Christopher A
Published: December 2017

Several growth factor families have been shown to be involved in the function of the female reproductive tract. One subfamily of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) superfamily, namely the FGF8 subfamily (including FGF17 and FGF18), has become important as Fgf8 has been described as an oocyte-derived factor essential for glycolysis in mouse cumulus cells and aberrant expression ofFGF18has been described in ovarian and endometrial cancers. In this review, we describe the pattern of expression of these factors in normal ovaries and uteri in rodents, ruminants and humans, as well as the expression of their receptors and intracellular negative feedback regulators. Expression of these molecules in gynaecological cancers is also reviewed. The role of FGF8 and FGF18 in ovarian and uterine function is described, and potential differences between rodents and ruminants have been highlighted especially with respect to FGF18 signalling within the ovarian follicle. Finally, we identify major questions about the reproductive biology of FGFs that remain to be answered, including (1) the physiological concentrations within the ovary and uterus, (2) which cell types within the endometrial stroma and theca layer express FGFs and (3) which receptors are activated by FGF8 subfamily members in reproductive tissues.
Preparation and Optimization of NbCrN/NbCrON/SiO2 Solar Selective Absorbing Coating
Authors: Beibei Dai  , Cong Wang  , Ying Sun  , Lei Wang  , Yuping Ning  , Ping Song  , Yilin Zhang  , Yongxin Wu  , Eric Tomasella  , Angelique Bousquet 
Published: December 2017

A novel Cu/NbCrN/NbCrON/SiO2 solar selective absorbing coating was successfully prepared by magnetron sputtering. In this coating, Cu, NbCrN, NbCrON and SiO2 act as the infrared reflector metal layer (and as substrate too), high metal volume fraction layer, low metal volume fraction layer and anti-reflection layer, respectively. The effects of the reactive gas flow rates of the absorption layers and the thickness of each layer were investigated and the optimal deposition parameters for the coatings were obtained. Finally the main result is that the best spectral properties with the absorptance of 0.93 and the emittance of 0.07 (25oC) are achieved. The experimental results indicate its potential applications in solar collectors.
Ámbito de Hogar de la lagartija de las lomas Microlophus tigris (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en las Lomas de Carabayllo, Lima – Perú
Authors: Ruiz S. Jorge , Junes Karina , Pérez Z. José
Published: December 2017

El ámbito de hogar o “home range”, es el área donde un individuo encuentra todos los recursos para su supervivencia, por ende su estudio es fundamental para conocer su ecología y estado de conservación. La lagartija de las Lomas, Microlophus tigris, es una especie endémica de la costa central del Perú, cuyo ámbito de hogar no ha sido estudiado. Para estudiar el uso del espacio de M. tigris se evaluó el ámbito de hogar de 14 individuos (9 machos y 6 hembras) durante la época no reproductiva en las Lomas de Carabayllo, Lima, Perú. Se empleó el método del Mínimo Polígono Convexo para estimar el área del ámbito de hogar. Los machos fueron significativamente más grandes y pesados que las hembras. No obstante, no hubo diferencias significativas entre el ámbito de hogar de los machos y hembras debido a la variabilidad del ámbito de hogar de los machos. El tamaño del ámbito de hogar de las lagartijas evaluadas no estuvo relacionado con su tamaño corporal (Longitud hocico-cloaca) ni con su peso. La ausencia de relación entre el ámbito de hogar y las variables analizadas sugiere que el tamaño del ámbito de hogar de estos reptiles, durante la época no reproductiva, respondería a otros parámetros como la abundancia de recursos, condiciones climáticas, entre otros. La baja superposición del ámbito de hogar intra e intergéneros, indicaría una evidencia indirecta de comportamiento territorial. A partir de nuestros datos y antecedentes en otras especies de saurios, consideramos que puede haber variaciones en el uso del espacio durante otras épocas del año, por lo tanto se necesitan evaluaciones complementarias a lo largo del año para observar los otros factores que determinan el tamaño del ámbito de hogar de M. tigris.
‘How Belfast got the blues’
Authors: McLaughlin Noel , Braniff Joanna
Published: December 2017

This article offers a revisionist history of a key period of Belfast and Northern Ireland’s music scene in the 1960s: the emergence of Them and Van Morrison and the attendant ‘legend’ of the group’s residency in the city’s Maritime Hotel. This formative moment is, somewhat surprisingly, under-explored in popular music studies, and the article seeks to address this relative absence. Van Morrison’s biographies are a vital resource here, and—via discourse analysis—we trace the emergence of a dominant narrative and assess its ideological implications, before moving on to analyse Them’s breakthrough single and related promotional materials. In so doing, we connect the scene that the group both emerged from and represented, to broader popular musical trends, as well as considering how the story of Them’s emergence is supported and framed in contemporary heritage initiatives. The article argues that the myth of Them, Morrison and the Maritime has obscured other ways of approaching the period, and we conclude with a counterhistory by considering an earlier blues/jazz scene in the city and how this might shape an orthodox narrative.
La responsabilidad social corporativa desde el enfoque de las relaciones públicas: Estrategia de gestión relacional en el contexto del desarrollo local y turismo sostenible
Authors: Pérez García Antonia
Published: December 2017

La responsabilidad social corporativa es capital en la gestión de cualquier empresa u organización, máxime si estamos hablando de una institución pública. Cultivar y ejecutar la responsabilidad social para crear imagen de transparencia y compromiso, debe de ser, y es, uno de los objetivos más claros e importantes a la hora de trabajar los proyectos de desarrollo local turístico sostenible. Las organizaciones e instituciones esperan que con este compromiso, adoptado voluntariamente, contribuya a incrementar su imagen y rentabilidad, además de atraer un turista más responsable. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión será abordar la responsabilidad social corporativa como una de las premisas y estrategias de gestión, desde la disciplina de las relaciones públicas, con la idea de proponer una línea de gestión relacional en las políticas de desarrollo local sustentable y más responsable en el contexto turístico.
Conscientização pública sobre o consumo de água: uma análise da situação em Rio Claro - SP visando à proposição de medidas de conservação
Authors: Ruiz Mauro Silva , Santos Ayron Barbosa dos , Ruiz Ian Victor Rubini , Rodrigues Ian Kim , Guimarães Pedro Henrique de Siqueira
Published: December 2017

As denúncias de desperdícios e vazamentos de água em Rio Claro dão indicações de falta de conscientização da população sobre a ameaça da falta d´água. O objetivo desse estudo foi diagnosticar a conscientização pública sobre o consumo de água em Rio Claro visando à proposição de medidas de conservação. A questão de pesquisa foi a seguinte: quais evidências indicam falta de conscientização da população rio-clarense sobre consumo de água em situação de estiagem prolongada? A metodologia utilizada envolveu a triangulação de informações obtidas via levantamento bibliográfico e documental, contatos com especialistas em recursos hídricos e de comunicação e marketing, e análise de postagens sobre desperdício de água no “Grupo Rio Claro” do Facebook. Os principais resultados foram: (i) há preocupação, mas não conscientização da população sobre ameaça de escassez; e (ii) os materiais de divulgação sobre escassez são cartazes informativos, sem “apelo” de comunicação. A principal conclusão é que os cidadãos estão se sensibilizando sober o problema, mas não dá para dizer que estejam se conscientizando. Recomenda-se campanhas massivas de educação ambiental, valendo-se de materiais de divulgação elaborados sob a ótica do Marketing Social, de modo a propiciar reflexão das pessoas sobre a ameaça de falta d´água.
A DICOTOMIA PORTUÁRIA BRASILEIRA E A CARÊNCIA POR SISTEMAS EFICIENTES
Authors: Rodrigues Kamylle Rubin , Ferreira Carla Guimarães , Soares Murta Aurélio Lamare , Murta Maria da Penha Araujo
Published: December 2017

Este artigo abordará sobre o contexto do mercado exterior brasileiro e as maiores dificuldades enfrentadas pelos exportadores no processo de liberação das cargas nos portos devido aos trâmites burocráticos. No estudo de caso, será realizado uma análise qualitativa, extraída de dados estatísticos, figuras e gráficos produzidos por organismos governamentais e órgãos de relevância para indústrias. O texto também explorará o assunto sistema de gestão Porto Sem Papel e suas funcionalidades, implantado pelo Governo Federal, com objetivo de aumentar a eficiência das atracações e desatracações de navios, assim, reduzindo a ociosidade das cargas nos portos e o tempo de entrega no destino final. O objetivo geral do trabalho é elucidar a necessidade de racionalização dos procedimentos portuários, por meio de uma reforma nas práticas rotineiras dos órgãos mais envolvidos nas liberações alfandegárias e a necessidade do governo em desenvolver os portos e terminais para que continuem recebendo investimentos externos e se mantenham como uma economia forte de mercado.
A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE PARA A EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL TÉCNICA E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA ATUAÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES DO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DO AMAPÁ – CAMPUS MACAPÁ: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Carvalho Guedes Isabella Abreu , Sanchez Liliane Barreira
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as influências da formação pedagógica (ou da sua falta) no trabalho dosprofessores de educação profissional técnica do Instituto Federal do Amapá (IFAP), configurando-se como um estudode caso, com a finalidade de levantar dados sobre suas práticas pedagógicas e dar visibilidade ao perfil desses profissionais. Destacou-se as questões e dificuldades que envolvem a formação de professores e as especificidades que envolvem o professor que atua na educação profissional tecnológica. Para essa investigação fez-se aplicação de questionários junto aos professores de formação técnica e de formação geral, além da gestão pedagógica, que resultou numa análise de dados e falas confrontadas com reflexões teóricas. A partir disso, foi possível compreender e identificar as concepções sobre a educação profissional, bem como levantar dados com os próprios docentes sobre suas formações, identidades, experiências, práticas, concepções, importância da formação pedagógica para a atuação profissional, dificuldades enfrentadas, entre outras. Nas considerações finais, problematizou-se o que foi abordado e percebido através dos dados coletados, bem como se apresentaram propostas que viabilizem melhorias na formação docente para a educação profissional.
Rock armour for birds and their prey: ecological enhancement of coastal engineering
Authors: Naylor Larissa A. , MacArthur Mairi , Hampshire Stephanie , Bostock Kieran , Coombes Martin A. , Hansom Jim D. , Byrne Rowan , Folland Tristan
Published: December 2017

The authors present key design, construction and ecological enhancement criteria for sustainable coastal defence structures at Hartlepool, UK, a high-energy wave climate. Such ‘ecologically favourable’ coastal defences fulfil the habitats directive and key engineering and cost criteria. Bird, rocky intertidal ecological and biogeomorphological data underpin recommendations for ‘passive’ enhancement mitigation to maximise ecological potential involving rock armour material choice (partially enhanced) and its smart positioning (enhanced). Within 12–18 months of installation, key intertidal species (e.g. limpets, barnacles, fucoid seaweeds) had successfully colonised the rock revetment, matching the initial baseline biotope. However, species abundance and overall mobile and sessile species were not significantly different between the two enhanced treatments after 12–18 months. Importantly, key prey species (the limpet, Patella vulgata) on enhanced rock armour showed statistically significant abundances similar to the baseline shore platform and significantly higher than partially enhanced rock armour. These preliminary data show that well-chosen rock armour material and boulder enhancement using positioning can match baseline biotope conditions in 12–18 months and that for some key prey species, positioning-enhanced rock armour rapidly matches baseline conditions. This facilitates rapid rock revetment colonisation, enabling good recruitment of food species and favourable conditions for internationally designated waterbird species.
FUNDAMENTOS Y CONCEPCIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN PREESCOLAR EN EL SISTEMA EDUCATIVO CUBANO
Authors: Calzadilla Pérez Oscar Ovidio , Nass Álvarez Juan Luis Clemente , Fuentes Castillo Jimena Soledad
Published: December 2017

La tensión epistemológica entre la celeridad de producción de resultados de investigaciones pedagógicas aplicadas y su transferencia en la formación inicial de docentes, en el actual proceso de perfeccionamiento del sistema educativo preescolar cubano, constituye la problemática que originó este texto. Este trabajo analiza rasgos históricos generales de la Educación Preescolar, lo cual facilita la comprensión de los modelos educativos que sirven de fundamento teórico general de este nivel y sustento para la atención de los niños hasta aproximadamente los 6 años. Se analiza la concepción de la Educación Preescolar como subsistema del Ministerio de Educación desde el marco jurídico que lo sostiene, los principios rectores y el fin de este nivel, su organización y peculiaridades del currículum actuante en proceso de perfeccionamiento. En su construcción se emplearon métodos de investigación que, desde un enfoque dialéctico materialista, permitieron estructurar las generalizaciones construidas.
Accommodating Multilingualism in Macedonia
Authors: Treneska-Deskoska Renata
Published: December 2017

The period since the independence of the Republic of Macedonia in 1991 has shown the political importance of language, as well as the political tensions that can arise over language-related issues. For a long time, multilingualism in Macedonia was a problem that threatened the unity and stability of the country. In 2001 the armed conflict in Macedonia showed that governmental policies of ignoring certain issues fueled ethnic divisions and facilitated a climate of insecurity. In order to terminate the armed conflict, Macedonia has since introduced constitutional changes relevant to linguistic diversity. The constitutional amendment regulating the official use of languages in Macedonia was as a result of a necessary compromise to terminate the armed conflict. The amendment is formulated in a vague and contradictory manner; full of loopholes, views provided on official languages leads to different interpretations and is still subject to disputes between experts, as well as party leaders in Macedonia. This vagueness led to politicians using the topic of the official use of languages as a talking point in every electoral campaign since 2001. This article will examine the challenges and possibilities that came from the constitutional amendment on the use of languages in Macedonia. It will also analyze the loopholes of the legal norms on the use of languages, and the problems of its implementation.
Language Planning and Policy, Law and (Post)Colonial Relations in Small Island States: A Case Study
Authors: Bröring Herman , Mijts Eric
Published: December 2017

Language planning and policy (LPP) in postcolonial island states is often strongly (co)determined by the former colonizer’s state tradition. Comparable to the examples of the development of LPP in Cabo Verde (Baptista, Brito, & Bangura, 2010), Haiti (DeGraff, 2016), and Mauritius (Johnson, 2006; Lallmahomed-Aumeerally, 2005), this article aims to illustrate and explain in what way the current situation of the dominance of Dutch in governance, law and education in Aruba (and Curaçao) can only be explained through path dependency and state tradition (Sonntag & Cardinal, 2015) in which, time and again, critical junctures, have not led to decisions that favour the mother tongue of the majority of the population (Dijkhoff & Pereira, 2010; Mijts, 2015; Prins-Winkel, 1973; Winkel, 1955). In this article, three perspectives on LPP in small island states are explored as different aspects of the continuation of the former colonizer’s state tradition and language regime. The first part will focus on the (non-)applicability of international treaties like the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) on the challenges of small island states. The point will be made that international treaties, like the ECRML, do not (currently) provide sufficient basis for the protection of languages in former colonial islands and for the empowerment of individuals through language rights. The second part explores the meaning of fundamental legal principles and specific demands, deduced from international treaties. The point will be made that the structure of the Kingdom of the Netherlands brings with it several limitations and obstacles for the autonomous development of LPP. The third part will focus on the way in which current Aruban legislation reflects the dominance of Dutch in governance, the judiciary and education. While bearing in mind that choices for legislation on language for governance, the judiciary and education are rooted in very diverse principles, a critical reading of existing legislation reveals an interesting dynamic of symbolic inclusive legislation and exclusive practices through language restrictions that favour the Dutch minority language. Recent research, however, demonstrates that law/policy and practice are not aligned, as such creating an incoherent situation that may call for a change in legislation and policy.
Language Provision in Education: A View from Scotland
Authors: McKelvey Róisín
Published: December 2017

A tension between mobility and inclusion can be seen in public sector attempts to respond to the increasingly multilingual nature of the Scottish population. Increased mobility has contributed to greater linguistic diversity, which has led to growing demand for multilingual public services. Legal instruments and education policy in Scotland provide a promising framework in terms of promoting language learning and multilingualism, but implementation is not always successful and responding to linguistic diversity among pupils is beset with challenges. This article will consider some of these challenges, both practical and attitudinal, reflecting on language teaching in Scotland and on issues raised during interviews with officials from the English as an additional language (EAL) services in Edinburgh and Glasgow. Language teaching often does not take into account the linguistic diversity present—despite the opportunity for a more inclusive approach offered by Scottish Government strategy—and this risks reinforcing negative beliefs about significant allochthonous languages in Scotland. In these circumstances, meeting the linguistic needs of increasingly multilingual school populations in an inclusive way is a challenging task.
Multilingualism and Social Inclusion
Authors: Marácz László , Adamo Silvia
Published: December 2017

This is a thematic issue on the relation between multilingualism and social inclusion. Due to globalization, Europeanization, supranational and transnational regulations linguistic diversity and multilingualism are on the rise. Migration and old and new forms of mobility play an important role in these processes. As a consequence, English as the only global language is spreading around the world, including Europe and the European Union. Social and linguistic inclusion was accounted for in the pre-globalization age by the nation-state ideology implementing the ‘one nation-one people-one language’ doctrine into practice. This lead to forced linguistic assimilation and the elimination of cultural and linguistic heritage. Now, in the present age of globalization, linguistic diversity at the national state level has been recognized and multilingual states have been developing where all types of languages can be used in governance and daily life protected by a legal framework. This does not mean that there is full equality of languages. This carries over to the fair and just social inclusion of the speakers of these weaker, dominated languages as well. There is always a power question related to multilingualism. The ten case studies in this thematic issue elaborate on the relation between multilingualism and social inclusion. The articles in this issue refer to this topic in connection with different spaces, including the city, the island, and the globe; in connection with different groups, like Roma in the former Soviet-Union and ethnic Albanians in Macedonia; in connection with migration and mobility of Nordic pensioners to the south of Europe, and language education in Scotland; and finally in connection with bilingual education in Austria and Estonia as examples of successful practices including multilingualism under one and the same school roof.
O ENSINO DA ANATOMIA NAS ESCOLAS DE ENFERMAGEM: UM ESTUDO DESCRITIVO
Authors: Cocce Ana Luiza Remanose , Silveira Laura Menezes , Goes Fernanda Dos Santos Nogueira de , Souza André Luiz Thomaz de , Stabile Angelita Maria
Published: December 2017

Introdução: O ensino de anatomia é essencial para a formação de profissionais da área da saúde, no entanto, não há estudos nacionais que abordam as características do ensino da anatomia para o curso de enfermagem. Objetivo: descrever as características do ensino da disciplina de anatomia nas escolas de graduação em enfermagem do estado de São Paulo. Casuística e Métodos: população composta pelos coordenadores do curso de enfermagem ou docentes que ministram a disciplina nas escolas de graduação em enfermagem do estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um formulário eletrônico com auxílio da ferramenta SurveyMonkey, com questões referentes às características do curso, do ensino da anatomia e da formação dos docentes que ministram a disciplina. Resultados: nas 38 instituições que participaram da pesquisa, a modalidade de curso predominante foi o Bacharelado (28), sendo que 22 escolas oferecem 50 a 100 vagas para esta modalidade. O curso é oferecido no período noturno em 29 instituições. Em 18 instituições há apenas um docente responsável pelo ensino da disciplina de anatomia, em 23 o oferecimento da mesma acontece em dois semestres e 22 utilizam a abordagem sistêmica e topográfica. O ensino é realizado com peças cadavéricas e sintéticas, vídeos e peças simuladas entre outros. A maioria dos docentes possui formação em outro curso universitário que não enfermagem. Conclusão: As reflexões sobre o ensino da anatomia para a enfermagem são escassas, sendo necessário aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a estrutura organizacional das instituições que oferecem cursos graduação em enfermagem a fim de compreender o impacto dessa organização sobre a capacitação didático-pedagógica do docente. A exploração das características do ensino em anatomia nos permite discutir, avaliar e reinventar o modo de ensinar e aprender.
The impact of globalization on the Russian language
Authors: Burlakova I.I.
Published: December 2017

The post-industrial era has caused the entry of mankind in the era of globalization. The principle of Association is in this concept. Integration between countries and cultures has been increased. Generation of information society has been formed. All these processes have both positive and negative effects on existing languages. The formation of cross-cultures and their manifestation in the lexicon as a phenomenon of intercultural communication does not points to the positive impact of globalization on Russian language, but also the need for a deeper study of this phenomenon. However, this should not divert from the struggle of linguists and active part of the community for the purity of the Russian language.
Many Hands Make Light Work: Team Teaching in Social Work Education
Authors: Dill Katharine , Shera Wes , Webber Jeanine
Published: December 2017

Teaching is often a solitary endeavor, but teaching with others can enrich the educational experiences of faculty and social work students alike. This teaching note is a call to action for all social work educators to focus on the underlying tenets of the team-teaching environment as a mechanism for enriching the social work educational environment. Role modeling and educating students about team collaboration is an essential component of readiness for practice. This teaching note provides real world strategies for creating and enhancing the team-teaching environment in social work learning spaces that include the classroom and field placement.
Role of polysomnography in patients of snoring
Authors: Sachdeva Saurav , Sharma Karan , Kajal Nirmal
Published: December 2017

Background: A useful working definition of snoring is the production of sound by the upper aero digestive tract during sleep. Polysomnography (PSG) is the monitoring of physiological parameters and physiological or pathological events in sleep.

Methods: Fifty patients of either sex, having age >16 years were randomly selected from the ENT OPD based on the pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjective evaluation of snoring was done using Epworth sleepiness Scale. Neck circumference and body mass index were calculated in all patients. Then, complete local ENT examination was done including diagnostic nasal endoscopy. After that, full night polysomnography test of at least 6 hours duration was conducted.  

Results: Normal nasal endoscopy was seen in 64% of patients. DNS, DNS with ITH/MTH, ITH/MTH unilateral, ITH/MTH bilateral and nasal polyps were seen in 14%, 12%, 0%, 8% and 4% of patients respectively. Mean apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was 6.58. 48% of the patients in our study had normal AHI (0-4). Mild, moderate and severe AHI was present in 44%, 6% and 2% of the patients respectively.

Conclusions: All cases of snoring must be subjected to thorough clinical examination and nasal endoscopy and thereafter, be evaluated further for presence of sleep apnoea with polysomnography.
Step advancement flap technique of ear lobe repair
Authors: M. O. Harish , R. Chethana
Published: December 2017

Background: Ear piercing and ornament wearing is a historical tradition. Dilated ear lobe and torn earlobe usually results from sudden trauma or continuous use of heavy earrings. Various surgical techniques have been described for the correction of the same. Each procedure has its own pros and cons. The choice will depend on individual preferences and the defect, partial or total, and should offer a lower chance of recurrence. The corrections can be made with or without preservation of the earring orifice. The aim and objectives of this study was to present and discuss a novel technique of repairing the partial and complete cleft ear practiced at Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Karnataka, India.

Methods: A prospective study was done on the use of a novel technique “Step advancement flap” in the repair of partial and complete cleft ear lobe in 18 patients.  

Results: A good post-operative results were achieved in all the patients with maintained ear lobe thickness and a sutured skin scar away from the center.

Conclusions: Our technique has an advantage of maintaining the normal ear lobe thickness and the sutured skin scar away from the center on either side of the ear lobule compared to other techniques. Thus the neo piercing can be done at a fresh central skin avoiding the skin scar.
Evaluation of efficacy of Ultrasound in diagnosis of Neck Swellings
Authors: Rastogi Akriti , Sharma Karan , Gauba Neelam
Published: December 2017

Background: Neck swellings are a common cause of dilemma to clinicians. Accurate diagnosis of neck swellings is of paramount importance. This study evaluated patients with neck swellings to study their ultrasonographic features and correlated the ultrasound findings with the final diagnosis.

Methods: 100 patients with neck swellings were evaluated clinically and divided into four groups– congenital, inflammatory, benign and malignant. Thereafter, they underwent high-resolution Ultrasound (US) and the ultrasonographic features of each type of swelling were studied. A final diagnosis was established after further evaluation using FNAC, further imaging, surgical intervention in the form of incision and drainage or excision/incisional biopsy with histopathological examination or successful non-surgical treatment. Ultrasound findings were compared with final diagnosis.  

Results: For swellings of inflammatory nature, this study showed the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of US to be 87.2%, 96.6%, 94.4%, 91.9% respectively. For benign swellings, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV was 97.5%, 91.3%, 88.6% and 98.1% respectively. Sensitivity of US in diagnosing malignant lesions of the neck was 87.5% with a specificity of 98.7%, PPV 93.3% and NPV 97.5%. Sensitivity of US in detecting thyroid malignancy in the present study was 83.3% and in diagnosing malignant lymph nodes was 87.5%.

Conclusions: Ultrasound is the ideal modality for initial imaging for neck swellings. Later on, as per the need and Ultrasound findings, one can go in for further haematological investigations, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Radiological investigations. 
Orbital complications of ENT diseases
Authors: Kumar Abhay , Chauhan Jitendra P. S. , Bhadouriya Sunil K. S. , Bharti Bhartendu , Narain Prem , Singh Jaypal
Published: December 2017

Background: Orbital complications are fairly common in Otorhinolaryngology practice because of close proximity of orbit to adjacent ENT regions. Orbital complications must be suspected whenever ENT patients present with complaints of proptosis, diplopia, vision loss and epiphora. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality in these patients.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the ENT department for a period of 1 year from August 2016 to July 2017 and comprised of 38 cases. This study was conducted to see the incidence, etiology, clinical, radiological and histopathological profile in relation to ophthalmic complications in ENT diseases.  

Results: Male to female ratio was 1.71:1. Patients mean age at presentation in present study was 39.71±19.86 (SD) years and maximum number of cases 10 (26.32%) were between 41-50 years of age. Among 38 patients of our series, most common clinical presentation was proptosis followed by nasal obstruction. Commonest ENT diseases responsible for orbital complications were the different sinonasal tumours comprising 18 cases, in which carcinoma maxilla constituted 6 cases.

Conclusions: In conclusion, correct diagnosis, adequate antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention are important for management of orbital and ophthalmic complications. Cooperation between Ophthalmologist and the Otolaryngologist is clearly desirable for proper management of these cases.
Study of serum uric acid levels in lichen planus
Authors: Vijaya Sree J. , Anand Kumar V.
Published: December 2017

Background: Free radicals have an important involvement in the underlying mechanism of lichen planus (LP) and also various skin diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum uric acid (UA) levels as a measure of the antioxidant defense status in lichen planus patients.

Methods: The duration of the present study was from September 2016 to October 2017 which includes 30 lichen planus patients and 30 other patients whose age and sex matched with the subjects served as controls.

Results: Most common type of lichen planus is classical lichen planus. In our study, serum UA levels were significantly decreased in patients with respect to controls 3.1±0.91 and 4.9±1.08 mg/dl respectively. The difference of means is 1.8 mg/dl and was found to be significant (p<0.001).

Conclusions: UA may be a potential, useful biomarker of antioxidant status in LP and a rational strengthening of the antioxidant defenses should be part of an optimal treatment strategy.
Study of profile of polymorphous light eruption at a tertiary referral center
Authors: Kulkarni Amruta A. , Phulari Yoganand J.
Published: December 2017

Background: Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is the most common endogenous photodermatosis.But only few studies are available from India regarding this photodermatosis. It is common in women, often worse in spring. The lesions are usually monomorphous in an individual patient but polymorphic in different patients.

Methods: The study was conducted between October 2010 and March 2012. 78 patients with clinical diagnosis of PMLE, who attended Dermatology OPD at Dr. D. Y. Patil Hospital and Research Institute, Kolhapur were included in present study. Detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed.

Results: The age group of the patients ranged from 3 years to 58 years. Maximum number of patients were seen in the age group of 21-30 years. The female to male ratio was found to be 1.78:1.Onset of PMLE lesions was maximum in the month of March. Majority of patients were housewives. Itching was the most common symptom. In 32.05% of patients, lesions developed within 30 minutes of sun exposure. Family history of PMLE was present in 6 (7.69%) cases.

Conclusions: PMLE was found most commonly in second and third decades of life since people in this age group are more exposed to sun, more in women probably because of hormonal differences.The maximum number of cases was noted in the month of March when the sun exposure is high. The maximum cases in housewives, as they have short intermittent sun exposure and absence of hardening phenomenon. Higher incidence was noted with cotton clothing as it has lower UV protection. Most of the patients developed lesions within 30 minutes of sun exposure. History of recurrence of PMLE was noted in 30 patients. Only 6 patients gave family history of PMLE because of milder nature of the disease along with difference in clothing and working environment.