bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of long-term variability of heat-water balance characteristics during the growing season of the territory of Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Tusupbekov Zh A , Mezentseva O V , Kusainova A A
Published: April 2022

The basis for obtaining high and stable yields of agricultural crops is the provision of the root layer with all the elements necessary for their optimal development. The most important of which, along with nutritional, include thermal and water regimes. In the conditions of the arid zone of Northern Kazakhstan, with significant thermal resources, the relevance of natural water availability of agricultural crops comes to the fore. In the article, according to the data of meteorological stations located within the study area, the resources of heat and moisture availability of the growing season, as well as the limits of their changes over the past decades, are determined. The obtained values of heat and moisture resources were compared with the characteristics of optimal conditions. Based on the method of hydrological and climatic calculations, moisture deficiencies are calculated and recommendations are given to increase crop yields.
Infectious diseases of poplar (genus Populus) in plantations of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra
Authors: Makarova T A , Makarov P N , Samoylenko Z A
Published: April 2022

The article provides an assessment of the phytopathological state of the genus Populus species in various types of plantations of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra. It was discovered that the main infectious diseases of poplars in the area are brown cytosporous necrosis (Cytospora chrysosperma Pers. (Fr.)), powdery mildew (Uncinula adunca (Wallr.: Fr.) Lev.), brown leaf spot (pathogens Drepanopeziza populorum (Desm.) Hohn. (=Marssonina populi (Lib.) Magnus)., Septoria tremulae Pas.). A great spread of the diseases (79.5%) was observed in clean plantings of the same age, where Drepanopeziza populorum brown spot is the most harmful. Reduction of the infectious load is facilitated by competent planting formation and advanced agricultural technologies of growing.
Plants of the exposition of the calciphilic flora of the Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsina RAS, listed in the Red Data Book of Russia
Authors: Shustov M V , Mamontov A K , Zueva M A
Published: April 2022

The uniqueness of the position of calciphilic plants listed in the Red Data Book of Russia in modern conditions is determined by the need for their protection, and their partial destruction, in the course of implementing large-scale environmental programs. In this regard, since 2009, the GBS RAS has been conducting an experiment to study and conserve them ex situ. The result of the work was the creation of a floristic collection, including 25 taxa. The special significance of the conditions of artificial habitats for stenotopic species is shown. For the first time in culture, 7 new species were tested. A high proportion of resistant plants was revealed, exceeding 90%. The categories of rarity, life forms are studied; their ecological and regional confinement in European Russia is shown.
Design of small potato diggers
Authors: Bayboboev N G , Muxamedov J M , Goyipov U G , Akbarov Sh B
Published: April 2022

The article describes the technology of harvesting potatoes in small areas of residential plots and farms, as well as the design of a compact single-row potato digger, which is aggregated with a motoblock. First, the need for potatoes and statistical indicators of its cultivation in the world and in Uzbekistan were analyzed. In addition, information is provided on agro-technical requirements for potato harvesting, digging technologies and available types of diggers. When harvesting potatoes on the machine, the following work is performed in a row: digging the tubers, separating the tubers from the soil, separating the tubers from the potato chips, removing the separated pods, separating the tubers from the stones, collecting and loading the cleaned tubers. The method of harvesting and the machine used are selected taking into account the local soil type, its moisture, pile size and unevenness, number of teeth, yield and so on. The designed device will increase the efficiency of digging potatoes planted in small areas of farms, farmers and farms, reduce the damage to potato tubers. The article also provides a technological scheme of a small potato digger, the theoretical basis of the working part of the sieve, as well as graphical analysis.
Technology of primary water purification
Authors: Chuikov A S , Sorokina E V , Volkov A N , Vedmetsky U V , Shabanov D V
Published: April 2022

The polluted wastewater treatment is one of the main issues in agro-industrial complex. This article is devoted to the primary water purification research for its further treatment with ferrate technology. The technology implies the wastewater treatment from household and industrial waste resulting from agricultural enterprises. The ferrate technology provides a high efficiency of pretreated water purification, in comparison with other existing methods. The article substantiates such an advantage accordingly. The waste generated as a result of wastewater treatment is non-toxic and disposal. The article proposes a new method of preliminary water purification based on its treatment between a galvanic couple in the presence of the calcium hydroxide. This method can be used at water treatment plants and at enterprises carrying out industrial activities in agriculture. The method is applicable only after mechanical filtration at the stage of primary water treatment. The proposed method provides water treatment from a wide range of various origins contaminants. The article also describes an experimental equipment specially designed for the proposed method’s implementation and further research. The equipment provides continuous water treatment consuming electricity, quicklime and compressed air. To maintain the lime particles in suspension condition the airflow is supplied through an aerator. The article applies the turbidimetric analysis method to conduct an in-depth analysis of the water treatment processes and determine the relative reagent concentration in the working area. The article also proves the absence of interface formation between water and milk of lime when subjected to air flow.
Influence of agricultural activities on formation of the water flow of Samara River in 1936-2020
Authors: Nesterenko Yu M , Yu Nesterenko M , Solomatin N V , Khalin A V , Fedyunin S A
Published: April 2022

Agricultural lands occupy 90% of the Southern Urals. The influence of agricultural activity on the catchment area and changes in it on the runoff of melt water from the catchment areas of its steppe zone in 1936-2020 years is considered. on the example of the unregulated upper reaches of the Samara River. In the pre-war 1936-1941 years in the grass-field system of agriculture, with an increased density of soils under perennial grasses, half of the melt water entered the rivers. During the war years, with the deterioration of the culture of agriculture, the runoff coefficient increased to 0.7. After the war, with an increase in the area of arable land and the transition to autumn plowing, the retention of melt water in the fields increased with a corresponding decrease in the runoff coefficient to 0.35. Slightly changing farming system 1966-1990 years the runoff coefficient has been stabilized at an average of 0.29. Frequent land-use changes 1990-2020 years led to an unstable flow regime of melt water. The total runoff of melt water from the catchment area is determined by the ratio of its lands with different filtration coefficients of frozen soils. A method is proposed for determining in the laboratory the rate of absorption into frozen monoliths, depending on the temperature and moisture content of the soil, and its definitions are presented for the main lands of the steppe zone.
Principle aspects of state environmental policy implementation: statistical analysis and empirical evaluation of effectiveness (case study of the Kaliningrad region)
Authors: Skopich D L , Balyasnikova E V , Shchepkova I V , Alieva I A
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of a study on empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of state policy in the field of environmental protection by the example of the Kaliningrad region through the application of statistical analysis tools, which allowed to formulate sound conclusions on the need to review the tools and priority tasks in terms of long-term capital investments and current funding of environmental protection activities of the state at the local level.
Morphophysiological features of the reaction of the cv. ×Triticosecale Wittm. ex. Camus on nitrogen fertilizers in contrasting agrometeorological conditions
Authors: Shchuklina O , Alenicheva A , Klimenkova I , Kvitko V , Zavgorodniy S
Published: April 2022

Varietal agricultural technology developed for new varieties is a must for successful promotion of the variety on the market. It should be implemented after successful tests in various soil and climatic conditions. Studies on the study of morphophysiological features of the response of a new variety of spring triticale Timiryazevskaya 42 to nitrogen fertilizers were carried out in two contrasting meteorological conditions of the year. In a dry year, in which the HTC for the growing season was 0.9, it was obtained from 3.17 t/ha of grain in the variant without fertilizers to 3.93 t/ha in the variant with the application of 150 kg/ha of a.i. nitrogen. In a more favorable year, in which the HTC was 2.0, from 30 to 50% more grain was obtained in different variants of the experiment than in the dry one. The yield ranged from 5.49 t/ha (control) to 8.05 t/ha in the variant with the application of 150 kg/ha of a.i. nitrogen. Productivity is made up of productivity elements that, under favorable conditions and good agricultural technology, develop better. In this case, the economic yield tends to the potential value. For spring cereals, the structure that ensures productivity consists of high productive bushiness - 2.0-2.5 pcs/plant, a large number of spikelets per spike and full-fledged grains per spike (3-5 grains), grain weight per ear exceeding 1.8-2 g.
On the structure of populations of rare steppe plant species under anthropogenic pressure (Middle and Lower Volga region)
Authors: Ilyina V N , Mitroshenkova A E , Senator S A , Zenkina T E , Kozlovskaya O V
Published: April 2022

In the article the population structure of 20 rare representatives of flora of the Middle and Lower Volga region (European part of Russia) is considered. Methods of population-ontogenetic direction were used during the work. Data on cenopopulations were obtained by medium- and long-term monitoring. The structure of cenopopulations of 20 species was studied: Ajuga chia Schreb., Artemisia salsoloides Willd., Artemisia santonica L., Artemisia taurica Willd., Astragalus cornutus Pall., Astragalus temirensis M. Pop., Astragalus zingeri Korsh., Atraphaxis frutescens (L.) C. Koch., Cephalaria uralensis (Murr.) Schrad. ex Roem. et Schult., Clausia aprica (Steph.) Korn.-Tr., Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb., Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb., Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall., Hedysarum razoumovianum Fisch. et Helm, Medicago cancellata Bieb., Oxytropis floribunda (Pall.) DC., Oxytropis hippolyti Boriss., Polygala sibirica L., Silene cretacea Fisch. ex Spring., Rindera tetraspis Pall. It was established that population characteristics of many rare representatives of the steppe flora of the Volga region are similar and depend on the type and duration of ontogenesis, life strategy and intensity of anthropogenic pressure on the places of growth.
On the state of the pedunculate oak plants (Quercus robur L.) of the orenburg climatype
Authors: Gerasimenko V V , Markova G A , Chekurov I V , Tyulebaeva S S , Anhalt E M
Published: April 2022

The degradation of oak forests is an acute problem throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. Pedunculate oak is a valuable and durable tree species. The stability of oak forests is largely determined by biotypic characteristics. However, in recent years, anthropogenic impact is the main reason for the drying out of oak forests, which leads to the death of resistant pedunculate oak climatypes. The article presents the results of a study of pure stands of low-stemmed pedunculate oak on the territory of the Orenburg region. The silvicultural characteristics of plantings are given, their phytocenotic structure is described. It was found that in dry oak forests and oak undergrowth the stand was characterized by a low growth class, in fresh oak forests the highest growth class was noted. The plant density varied significantly from 0.3 to 0.7. In dry oak forests, the density index tended to decrease with age. The maximum plant density was observed at the junction of ripe and overmature ages, at the age of 60 years. The state of pure pedunculate oak stands on the territory of the Orenburg region can be assessed at the moment as satisfactory, but requires significant measures to promote seed reforestation.
Study of the process of processing phosphogypsum to obtain an inorganic luminescent material
Authors: Medennikov O A , Shabelskaya N P , Yakovenko E A , Astakhova M N , Chernysheva G M
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the process of processing phosphogypsum into an inorganic luminescent material. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It has been shown that phosphogypsum reduced with sucrose exhibits the ability of luminescence under the action of ultraviolet radiation, glowing with yellow-orange light. A process for the recovery of phosphogypsum has been proposed. The results obtained open up the possibility of processing large-tonnage waste into demanded cheap materials.
Variability and correlations of traits of the flower, leaf and fruit of Malus zumi
Authors: Donskih V G , Aniskina T S , Kryuchkova V A
Published: April 2022

Malus zumi (Matsum.) Rehder is a carrier of powdery mildew resistance genes and also has ornamental traits. However, the variability of its traits is still poorly understood. The aim of the research is establishing the variability and relationship between the 17 traits of the Malus zumi. It was found that the variability of the traits of the flower and fruit is at a very low level, and the traits of the leaf are more variable. There were found strong correlations between the seeds’ weight and its number in the fruit (r=0.83), the diameter and weight of the fruit (r=0.79), and there is a strong inverse relationship between fruit’s weight and anther’s length (r=-0.73). The length of the filament has a strong relationship with the length of the fruit (r=-0.71) and the leaf’s length (r=-0.71), also it is closely related to all leaf traits with a positive relationship. This information is important for the implementation of directed breeding programs, as well as recommendations for use in ornamental horticulture.
Justification of the feasibility of using wild-growing inulin-containing plants in bread technology
Authors: Khmelevskaya A V , Karaeva I T , Cherchesova S K , Sorokopudov V N
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the use of additives from the roots and rhizomes of inulin-containing plants in baking. A method has been developed for the production of bread with the addition of powders of wild-growing inulin-containing plants at a dosage of 1.5%, which makes it possible to obtain a new type of bread while reducing the consumption of baker’s yeast by 10-15%, or reducing the duration of dough fermentation by 15-20%. The content of inulin in 100 g of bread made from wheat flour with the addition of 1.5% to the mass of high elecampane powder is 0.41 g/100 g (S.V.), the fructose content is 0.35 g/100 g (S.V. ). It was found that the added additives do not reduce the microbiological safety of bread. So, QMAFAnM in the sample with high elecampane - 3.5 × 102, in the sample with dandelion officinalis - 1.0 × 102, in the sample with greater burdock 2.3 × 102, which meets the requirements of SanPiN. The quality indicators of powders from roots and rhizomes have been determined, their influence on the technological process of bread production has been studied. A rational dosage was established in the amount of 1.5% by weight of flour, which makes it possible to obtain bread with high quality indicators, increased nutritional value.
The study of the combination ability of lines and varieties of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) according to the content of fat and protein in seeds
Authors: Zhuzhukin V I , Subbotin A G , Shyurova N A , Bashinskaya O S , Mukhatova Zh N
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the results of the study of sunflower tester hybrids obtained at the Saratov State Agrarian University according to the scheme: 3 testers - sterile lines and 26 lines - pollinators. Combining ability studies revealed the ranks of OCS and SCS testers, as well as paternal forms. Significant effects of SCS hybrids on the content of fat and protein in sunflower seeds allow them to be considered as a promising breeding material for further study in nurseries of a higher level. It has been established that the frequency of heterosis in terms of fat content is determined by the genotype of parental forms. Line - tester UV 16 b causes a higher frequency and degree of competitive heterosis. According to the protein content, the magnitude and frequency of competitive heterosis practically does not depend on the choice of the tester line. The value of true heterosis in terms of protein content in tester crosses is noted very rarely. A high effect of OCS on fat content was found in the lines: J6 - Slastena, J6 - UN 1313, (KSP-6V), J6 - Krepysh, J6 - Saratov 20 (KSPP-3A). A high dispersion of SCS in terms of fat content was determined in the lines: J6 - Saratov 20 (KSPP-3A), J6 - Malin. Lines with a high effect of OCS in terms of protein content were identified: J6 - Stepnoy 81, J6 - Photon. In breeding for the creation of heterotic hybrids according to the protein content in sunflower seeds, it is advisable to use lines with high SCS dispersion: J6 - Veydelevsky 99, J6 - Natali, J6 -Belgorodsky 94, J6 - Sholokhovskiy.
Monitoring of climate change and its impact on grain production in the Saratov region using remote sensing data
Authors: Neifeld V V , Kadomtseva M E , Moiseenko M A , Osovin M N
Published: April 2022

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the increase in the number of adverse climatic phenomena and the strengthening of their influence on the basic branch of agriculture - crop production. The differential manifestation of negative weather factors in the most productive regions leads to fluctuations in yields and agricultural production, disruption of food chains and a decrease in food stocks, thereby jeopardizing sustainable agricultural production and creating risks for ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation. This necessitates the study of regional features of the manifestation of dangerous weather phenomena for the subsequent substantiation of organizational and economic measures to mitigate the consequences and adapt agriculture to global climate change. As an example, we took the Saratov region, as a region with a significant amount of sown (planting) areas and a high share of crop production in the total crop production of the Russian Federation. Using satellite monitoring data, a number of adverse meteorological (weather) phenomena have been established that manifested themselves in the period from 1991 to 2019 in the Saratov region. The tendency to their growth and increase in duration in the territory of the given region is revealed. The dependence of the main indicators of grain production in the Saratov region on the growing influence of negative climatic factors has been studied. The necessity of taking into account the impact of hazardous meteorological (weather) phenomena in the system of strategic priorities, as well as in the preparation of forecasts for the socio-economic development of the region, modeling the impact of negative climatic factors on the structural balance of the agro-industrial complex, is substantiated.
Growth and Physiology of Lobster (Panulirus sp) Respond Cutivated in Floating Net Cages with Different Stocking Densities
Authors: Marlina E , Nursandi J
Published: April 2022

Lobster or spiny lobster (Panulirus sp) is a crustacean that is larger than other crustaceans (lobsters). Hong Kong, Taiwan, China and Japan [1]. Indonesia has a sea area of 2/3 of the land, so it has the potential to be utilized for the economy of the Indonesian people, however, the use of marine resources must maintain environmental sustainability [1] Based on the potential of marine waters, it is necessary to take strategic steps to develop lobster cultivation technology to increase production to be able to produce lobsters with high survival and growth. The problem that is still faced when cultivating lobster is the lack of open water environmental studies, the right density, as a place for lobster rearing that is used to approach the state of its environment in nature. The purpose of this study was to obtain optimal density of lobsters in floating net cages (KJA), gain growth (weight and length). This study is an experimental study using a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatment levels and three replications to minimize errors, so 12 experimental units are needed. The treatments used in this study were: P0 (10 panulirus/m2), P1 (15 panulirus/m2), P2 (20 panulirus/m2) and P3 (25 panulirus/m2). The results obtained temporarily were PO treatment (stocking density of 10 fish/m2 got the highest weight gain (29, 63 g) and the lowest was P1 (stocking density of 20 fish/m) 25,57 grams. The highest survival rate was P0 (100%) and the lowest was P3 ( 96%), The highest of glucose hemolymph was P2 (78 mg/dL) and the lowest was P0 (23 mg/dL). And the highest of Hemocyte Total Count was P2 (7, 8 ×106/cell) and the lowest were P0 ( 2, 1×106/cell).
The Impact of the Covid-19‘s Economic Recession on Food Security in Indonesia
Authors: Akbar  , Darma R , Mujahidin I , Irawan A
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to examine the impact of the economic recession due to COVID-19 on 4 aspects of food security (availability, accessibility, stability, and food utilization) in Indonesia. The time-series data (2000-2018) of the Food Agriculture Organization’s statistics were used in this study. The regression equations were analyzed using the Ordinary Least Square estimation technique. The final step was to simulate the impact of COVID-19 on four aspects of food security. COVID-19 had a detrimental impact on Indonesia’s food security. The availability, accessibility, and food stability are aspects of food security that are significantly affected by the COVID-19‘s economic recession, while food utilization is not affected by this pandemic. The worst impact magnitude of COVID-19‘s economic recession was on food stability so that the government needed to increase the implementation of food diversification policies in the future. Also, the government should actively be involved in preventing the increase of the protectionism mainstreaming in the international trade of staple food because it will worsen the food stability in Indonesia as a food importer country.
Using Transplanter for Rice Planting: Socio-Economic, Demographic, and Soil Characteristic Reviews
Authors: Lantarsih R. , Prabowo T. I. , Subeni  , Kresnanto N. C.
Published: April 2022

The use of transplanters to carry out the planting process has been known widely. Reviews related to productivity performance from these tools are closely related to topographic conditions, soil types, land area, plant species, community culture, the purpose of use, and the technology included as an added value to the tool. Previous studies found various levels of productivity, socio-economic studies, and studies related to users’ demographic characteristics. This study tries to provide an overview of the use of transplanters with a limited scale and on a specific type of soil, studied more comprehensively by considering the community’s demographic characteristics. The results showed that economically, using a transplanter with a limited land area had no significant difference from the traditional method on the soil characteristics. This decision-making was allegedly motivated by the demographic characteristics of farmers. Using a descriptive approach involving 40 respondents, this study found that transplanters do not differ in economic productivity performance on a limited scale.
The Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Reduced the Required Dose of Compound Fertilizer for Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) in Nursery
Authors: Rini M V , Yansyah M P , Arif M A S
Published: April 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have the ability to increase nutrient availability for the plant as well as improve the soil quality. However, the effectiveness of AMF is affected by soil fertility. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the best dose of compound fertilizer for oil palm seedlings with and without AMF application. The factorial experiment (2 × 5) with four replication was carried out with the first factor was AMF inoculation, consisting of 2 levels: without AMF inoculation (m0) and with AMF inoculation (m1). The second factor was compound fertilizer dose, consisting of 5 levels: 0 mg polybag-1 (f0), 250mg polybag-1 (f1), 500 mg polybag-1 (f2), 750 mg polybag-1 (f3), and 1000 mg polybag-1 (f4). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The data obtained were tested using analysis of variance and means separation tested using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at α 5%. The result showed that oil palm seedlings’ response towards AMF inoculation was influenced by the dose of compound fertilizer based on plant height, leaf surface area, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. The best dose of fertilizer compound for oil palm seedlings inoculated with AMF was 500 mg polybag-1, whereas without AMF inoculation was 1000 mg polybag-1. In other words, the AMF application reduced 50% of compound fertilizer needed for oil palm seedlings.
The Effect of Difference Soaking Duration and GA3 Concentration on Germination of oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq)
Authors: Setiawan K , irawati E , Ardian  , Agustiansyah
Published: April 2022

One of the main oil palm seed dormancy factors is the shell thickness. This could influence the germination homogeneity and required more time for oil palm seeds to germinate evenly. There will be such alternatives to improve oil palm seed germination as shell-less oil palm seeds or kernels which were soaked at different duration time and GA3 concentration. The objectives of this research was to evaluate germination rate of kernels under different soaking time and GA3 concentration. This study was conducted on Laboratory Plants Seed and Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Lampung from June 2019 to September 2019. Treatment was arranged by factorial (6x3) in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The first factors were the six different concentrations of GA3 hormones as 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm. The second factors were the three different soaking duration as 3, 7, and 10 days. The variables observed were the percentage of germination, the maximum growth potential, early time of germination, germination rate, dormancy intensity, radicle and plumule lengths. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and then different mean values of treatments were analyzed by 5% of LSD using the SAS software application (version 9.4). The results showed that the concentration of 200 ppm GA3 resulting in low dormancy intensity (12.22%), increasing potency maximum growth (87.78%), and kernels germination rate (8.44%/etmal) compared with a concentration of 0 ppm GA3. Soaking duration of GA3 10 days resulted in low dormancy intensity (17.22%), the percentage of germination increased (23.33%), the maximum growth potential increased (78.89%), the kernel germination rate (8.94%/etmal), radicle length (2.00cm), plumule length (1.92cm), and early time of germination (4.61days) compared to the length of soaking duration of 3 days.
Effectiveness of using Commercial Probiotics in Biofloc System Culture Media on Growth, FCR, and Feed Efficiency of Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)
Authors: Hartono D.P , Barades E
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of commercial probiotics (prod A, prod B, and prod C) on catfish growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed efficiency in catfish reared with a biofloc system. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. The treatments used were APB, LOB, MSC, control, and three replicates. The results showed that the provision of commercial probiotics in catfish culture using biofloc gave a significant difference (P>0.05) to the daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio. The application of Prod A at a dose of 10ml/m3 on the media resulted in the highest productivity.
The Effect of Urea Dosage Levels on Vegetative Growth of Some Clones Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora)
Authors: Riniarti D , Sudirman A , Widiyani DP
Published: April 2022

Coffee plants are one of the important commodities that have a fairly high selling value. Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producing countries in the world with a production of approximately 600,000 tons per year. The application of inorganic (chemical) fertilizers is very important if coffee plants are cultivated on soils that naturally have low fertility. In addition to the level of soil fertility as well, the purity of the planting material must be known from its origin. Because to get optimal results, a superior type or clone of coffee is also needed. This research was conducted at the Lampung State Polytechnic Plantation Plant Entres Garden which is located in Hajimena Village, Natar District, South Lampung Regency with a garden height of 118 m above sea level. This research was carried out in June-October 2021. This study was compiled using a Split Plot Design. Coffee clones were assigned to the main plot and the urea fertilizer dose factor was assigned to subplots. Observational data that has been obtained will be analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) at the 5% level. If there is a significant difference (F count > F table 5%), it will be continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) follow-up test with a level of 5%. Based on the results and discussions that have been obtained, it shows that the administration of urea to several Robusta coffee clones gave a significant interaction with the parameters of plant height and stem diameter and clones BP 358 with urea doses of 15 and 20 g gave the best growth compared to other clones.
Yield and Quality Improvement of Candlenut Oil by Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Methods
Authors: Shintawati  , Widodo YR , Ermaya D
Published: April 2022

Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana L) is a native plant of Indonesia and one of the six spices with the highest export value. Candlenut is one of the nutraceutical ingredients, used as raw material for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Candlenut is used as a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory and has benefits in healing burns. The result of processed candlenut seeds, namely candlenut oil is rich in omega 3 unsaturated fatty acids which are anti-aging and strengthen and repair hair exposed to radiation. The problem faced in producing candlenut oil is the low yield and quality of the oil which is indicated by the brownish color of the oil and the long extraction time. This study aims to study increasing the yield of candlenut oil through the application of solvent extraction and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) methods and to identify the composition of the chemical compounds produced. The raw material used in producing this candlenut oil is candlenut seeds from the protected forest area of Register 21 PerentianBaru, Pringsewu Regency, Lampung Province. This research method is an experimental design with a completely randomized design. The independent variables in this study were the ratio of the sample to the amount of solvent with a level of 1;1; 1:2; 1:3 and 1:4. The observed responses were the yield, density and chemical composition of candlenut oil. The MAE method produced the highest yield of 38,5% in the ratio of the sample to the amount of solvent 1:2 with the characteristics of the oil produced, among others, a density of 0, 864 g/ml and a refractive index of 1,4772. The GCMS results show that the chemical compounds that make up candlenut oil include 31,1% linoleic acid, 27,85% oleic acid, 25,19% linolenic acid and 4,54% palmitic acid.
The Effect of Irrigation Time and Slow-Release Fertilizer on Oil Palm Seedlings Under Controlled Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Sukmawan Y , Riniarti D , Pranandi G
Published: April 2022

Irrigation and fertilization are critical aspects in oil palm nurseries, so they need to be appropriately managed. Automatic drip irrigation technology has the advantage of saving water and labour usage. On the other hand, correctly applying slow-release fertilizer can fulfil the need for oil palm seedlings. The combination of drip irrigation and the application of slow-release NPK fertilizer can increase the effectiveness of maintaining oil palm seedlings. This study aims to obtain the best watering time and rate of slow-release NPK fertilizer on the growth and performance of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery. A field study was conducted since June 2021 until August 2021 at the Oil Palm Nursery Unit in Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Indonesia. The experiment arranges in split-plot design in randomized block design with three replications. The watering time is the main plot, and the slow-release NPK fertilizer rate is the subplot. The results showed that application of drip irrigation system with watering time in the morning, midday, and afternoon significantly affect stem diameter and number of leaves at three months after observation. The rate of 20 g plant-1 slow-release NPK fertilizer best-affected plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and greenness index.
Micro Climate Modifications to Increase Growth and Production of Shrubs Pepper
Authors: Reshi Gusta Adryade , Same Made
Published: April 2022

In efforts to increase the production of shrubs pepper with good quality, it is necessary to engineer the physical environment, especially the microclimate and the provision of organic matter to produce quality pepper plants. Weather or climate is a factor that affects plant growth and development. Microclimate includes light intensity, temperature, and humidity. Microclimate modification is changing the environment from unsuitable to suitable. Microclimate modifications include: using shade and giving organic matter can improve soil properties such as texture, moisture and soil temperature. This study aims to: (a) obtain the characteristics of the microclimate, including: temperature, humidity, light intensity that enters the shrubs pepper under one layer (25%) and two layers (50%) shade as well as presenting compost to the growing media, ( b) observing the growth and production of shrubs pepper that were used one layer (25%) and two layers (50%) shade and presenting compost to the growing media, and (c) getting the interaction from using one layer and two layers and presenting compost to the media plant. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) with a factorial pattern with 3 replications. The first factor of shading is 25% (one layer) and 50% shading (two layer). The second factor is the combination of planting media used, namely soil, husk-charcoal soil (2:1), compost-soil (2:1), and husk-compost-charcoal soil (2:1:1). These two factors were applied to the age of one year and two years of shrubs pepper. Data analysis was performed by means of variance (F test) at a 5% significance level, and if there was a significant difference in effect, continued with the Least Significant Difference (BNT) test. Microclimate variables include: (a) light measurements, (b) temperature and humidity measurements, (c) soil moisture measurements. The agronomic variables of shrubs pepper cultivated include: (a) stem diameter, (b) number of branches (c) number of segment, and (d) number of shoot. The results of the observations showed that the using too much shade can be decreased plant growth. The combination of burn husk-compost-soil can be increased stem diameter, number of branches, and number of shoot of shrubs pepper.
Analysis of Chemical and Physical Properties of Boiling Time in Kecombrang Drink (Etlingera Elatior, Jack)
Authors: Issutarti  , Devi Mazarina , Martiningtyas Anggi , Millati Aghniya
Published: April 2022

Kecombrang drink is created using coriander powder, lemon juice, sugar, salt, and water to improve the taste of the kecombrang drink, which has a unique smell of kecombrang flowers. The purpose of this study was to look at the chemical and physical features of kecombrang drinks with different boiling times of 15 minutes, 20 minutes, and 25 minutes. This research method is an experimental study using RAL, three treatments, and two repetitions. One-way ANOVA was used to examine the data, using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) as a follow-up test. The highest score of physical properties in kecombrang drink with color is brightness (L) 15 minutes, redness (a+) 25 minutes, and yellowness (b+) 15 minutes. The kecombrang drink’s chemical qualities (antioxidant activity, flavonoid content, tannin content, saponin content) and physical properties are affected by the variation in boiling time (color). The impact is that the longer the kecombrang flower is boiled, the more the chemicals in the kecombrang flower are dissolved into the solvent.
Nutritional and Structural Properties of Durian Seed (Durio Zibenthinus Murr.) Flour Originated From West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Permatasari N D , Witoyo J E , Masruri M , Yuwono S S , Widjanarko S B
Published: April 2022

West Kalimantan is one of the largest durian fruit producers on Kalimantan Island and had the highest production of durian seed as a by-product. Durian seed flour is a simple way to utilize durian seed for further processing. However, the characterization of durian flour, both chemical and structural properties of durian seed flour from West Kalimantan, is rarely explored. This study characterized durian seed flour (DSF) from west Kalimantan in the chemical and structural properties compared with the commercial durian seed flour (CDSF). DSF performed significantly differently in crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber than CDSF, meanwhile ash, moisture, and starch content of DSF and CDSF were not significantly different from each other. The CDSF had a larger particle size than DSF, ranging from 11.27 to 308.80 μm and 5.43 to 121.60 μm, respectively. The DSF had the Tp (gelatinization peak temperature) higher than the CDSF based on DSC analysis.
Assessment of Water Quality for Agricultural Cultivation Irrigation Using the Irrigation Water Quality Index: A Case-Study Land Survey and Evaluation from Kampus Polinela II
Authors: Supriyanto  , Subiantoro R , Fatahillah
Published: April 2022

River water has an essential role in irrigation water sources in agricultural cultivation activities on the Polinela II campus land. The availability of water on the land depends not only on river water but also on reservoirs that can be used as a source of irrigation water for cultivation activities. In this study, 21 river and pond water samples were taken during May-September 2021, and hydrochemical and hydrophysical quality tests were carried out. Assessment of the suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes is carried out with hydrochemical parameters (Ca, K, Ca, Mg, EC, COD and Nitrogen) and different indices (SAR and ESP). Some of the data obtained were studied by geostatistical analysis and the spatial variation in the Kampus Polinela II land. The results of hydrochemical testing have different levels of variation in content so that a concise combination is carried out using the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) method, which gives the quality of irrigation water for crop cultivation purposes with a single value. IWQI can be used as a basis that irrigation water from river water has better irrigation properties than irrigation water from reservoirs. The IWQI found in cultivated land is divided into two water quality index classes: excellent and moderate. The excellent category from the test results is river water used for agricultural irrigation, while the moderate category is found in ponding water. Long-term irrigation by surface water and neglect of implementing soil quality improvement measures can cause negative impacts on the soil, therefore to avoid soil degradation, appropriate and effective preventive measures are needed.
Potential Antioxidant Activity of Green Beans from The Post-Harvest Processing Variation of Robusta Coffee in the Kebun Tebu West Lampung
Authors: Analianasari A. , Shintawati S. , Berliana Dayang , Humaidi Edy
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity (IC50) of methanol extract using the DPPH method (2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) from various post-harvest processing methods (natural, honey, full wash). The first applied SNI 01-2907:2020 on Robusta coffee beans produced from different post-harvest ways. The research method calculates antioxidant activity based on simpilisa preparation, macerate preparation coffee beans, and antioxidant activity testing. The results showed the IC50 value of 119.79 ppm for green coffee beans produced from the Honey processing process had moderate antioxidant activity. The category of moderate antioxidant activity because several mixtures of phenolic compounds did not work optimally to donate hydrogen atoms. The DPPH radical was not maximal in reducing it to stable conditions. The instability is suspected because the raw materials have experienced storage the previous year’s harvest for one year.
Growth Response of Edamame Soybeans on Various Combination Packages of Single and Compound Inorganic Fertilizers
Authors: Saputra H , Anggraini N
Published: April 2022

The many types of inorganic fertilizers cause us to have to choose the right type of inorganic fertilizer for the type and phase of plant growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the best combination of inorganic fertilizers that could increase the growth of edamame soybeans. The treatment was a combination of various types of inorganic fertilizer applications, namely: Control: organic basic fertilizer 2 t/ha + dolomite fertilizer 1 t ha-1 (P0), Urea 100 kg ha-1 + SP-36 150 kg ha-1 + KCL 100 kg ha-1 (P1), compound NPK 300 kg ha-1 (P2), compound NPK 150 kg ha-1 + Urea 50 kg ha-1 + SP-36 75 kg ha-1 + KCL 50 kg ha-1 (P3), Urea 100 kg ha-1 + SP-36 150 kg ha-1 + KCL 100 kg ha-1 + Gandasil B fertilizer (6 g 1-1 water) (P4), 300 kg ha-1 compound NPK + Gandasil B fertilizer (6 g 1-1 water) (P5), NPK compound 150 kg ha-1 + Urea 50 kg ha-1 + SP-36 75 kg ha-1 + KCL 50 kg ha-1 + Gandasil B fertilizer (6 g 1-1 water) (P6), and compound NPK 300 kg ha-1 + Gandasil fertilizer D (2 g 1-1 water) + Gandasil B fertilizer (6 g 1-1 water) (P7). The results showed that the application of various combinations of inorganic fertilizers affected the growth of edamame soybeans. This can be seen from the increase in number of branches, leaf area, weight wetness of plants, and the number of flowering plants. In general, the treatment P5 fertilizer package = NPK compound 300 kg ha-1 + Gandasil B fertilizer (6 g 1-1) was able to increase the best edamame soybean growth and simpler in application of fertilization.
Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Rice Farming Planning in Indramayu District, West Java
Authors: Wahyudi  , Mujahidin Fahmid Imam , Salman Darmawan , Suhab Sultan
Published: April 2022

Indramayu District is one of the centers of rice production in West Java Province which contributes quite a lot to the national food supply. Climate change has resulted in droughts, floods, and pest attacks resulting in crop failure in the area. To protect it, the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) in collaboration with Jasindo provides a rice crop insurance program for affected farmers. However the COVID-19 pandemic has limited social interaction and has an impact on the insurance administration process and rice farming planning in general. The aims of this study was to determine the impact of covid-19 on rice farming planning and insurance activities for farmers. The research was conducted in Indramayu District, West Java Province in April-August 2021. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and questionnaires from 7 key informants, then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed that: (1) COVID-19 pandemic did not directly affect the planning and implementation of rice farming; (2) the administrative process of the rice crop insurance program manually is hampered. This causes the absorption of insurance programs to decrease to 30% until August 2021. To overcome this problem, online insurance services are needed and provide training for agricultural extension workers.
Physical and Sensory Characteristic of Arenga-Arrowroot Starch Noodle with Beetroot Extract Addition
Authors: Herawati E R N , Ariani D , Miftakhussolikhah M , Ningrum V A , Pranoto Y
Published: April 2022

Arrowroot tuber is plenty available in Indonesia as it has been cultivated widely. Arrowroot flour can be develop in noodle processing combine with arenga starch with ratio 75% : 25%. The color characteristic of the noodle was a bright brown-opaque color character, thus, make this noodle is not perceived well by customer. Addition of natural color, i.e. beetroot extract can improve the physical appearance. The purpose of this research was to identify the characteristic (physical and sensory) of the arenga-arrowroot starch noodle with beetroot extract addition. Beetroot extract were added in five different concentrations, namely 20%; 30%; 40%; 50%; and 60% w/w. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three repetitions was utilized in the experiment. Color, compression strength, tensile strength, and elongation were all tested physically. Sensory characteristic were analyzed using hedonic test with color, aroma, taste, and overal acceptance parameter. The findings revealed that the inclusion of beetroot extract has an effect on the physical and sensory properties of arenga starch - arrowroot flour noodle. The color brightness, compression test, elongation, and tensile strength of the arenga starch-arrowroot flour noodle would all be reduced if beetroot extract was added. The best sensory characteristic was reach by 20% w/w beetroot extract.
The Effect of Type of Vibration to the Quality of Concentrate Latex on the Creaming Process
Authors: Maryanti  , Delvitasari F
Published: April 2022

So far, the manufacture of concentrated latex still requires expensive equipment investment if using the centrifugation method and requires a long time if using the creaming method. Therefore, two prototypes of creaming equipment with orbital and horizontal vibrations have been designed, which are expected to produce concentrated latex with a fast creaming time using simple equipment. This study aimed to obtain a type of vibrator that can produce concentrated latex according to the ISO 2004 quality standard. The experimental design used a nonfactorial, Completely Randomized Design, namely the treatment of orbital vibrators and horizontal vibrators. This equipment worked at a speed of 114 rpm for 6 hours and a creaming time of 63 hours. The results showed that the concentrated latex produced using a horizontal vibration had a better quality when compared to using a linear vibration with a DRC value of 66.67%, pH 10.8, TSC 67, 61% and MST 1078, 2 seconds. This value has entered the ISO 2004 quality standard.