bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning reveals ferroptosis features and a novel ferroptosis classifier in patients with sepsis
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Wei Shiyou , Yuan Zhize , Chang Rui , Chen Xue , Fu Yu , Wu Wei
Published: May 2024

Objective

Sepsis is an organ malfunction disease that may become fatal and is commonly accompanied by severe complications such as multiorgan dysfunction. Patients who are already hospitalized have a high risk of death due to sepsis. Even though early diagnosis is very important, the technology and clinical approaches that are now available are inadequate. Hence, there is an immediate necessity to investigate biological markers that are sensitive, specific, and reliable for the prompt detection of sepsis to reduce mortality and improve patient prognosis. Mounting research data indicate that ferroptosis contributes to the occurrence, development, and prevention of sepsis. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis remains to be elucidated. This research evaluated the expression profiles of ferroptosis‐related genes (FRGs) and the diagnostic significance of the ferroptosis‐related classifiers in sepsis.

Methods and Results

We collected three peripheral blood data sets from septic patients, integrated the clinical examination data and mRNA expression profile of these patients, and identified 13 FRGs in sepsis through a co‐expression network and differential analysis. Then, an optimal classifier tool for sepsis was constructed by integrating a variety of machine learning algorithms. Two key genes, ATG16L1 and SRC, were shown to be shared between the algorithms, and thus were identified as the FRG signature of classifier. The tool exhibited satisfactory diagnostic efficiency in the training data set (AUC = 0.711) and two external verification data sets (AUC = 0.961; AUC = 0.913). In the rat cecal ligation puncture sepsis model, in vivo experiments verified the involvement of ATG16L1 and SRC in the early sepsis process.

Conclusion

These findings confirm that FRGs may participate in the development of sepsis, the ferroptosis related classifiers can provide a basis for the development of new strategies for the early diagnosis of sepsis and the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets for life‐threatening infections.
Differential expression of lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with COVID‐19: Implications for disease severity and prognosis
Authors: Xu XinQiang , Huang JunYuan , Zhang Haiqi , Lu Weiguo , Liu Jiduo
Published: May 2024

Objective

To investigate the expression patterns and clinical significance of specific lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection.

Methods

Between December 2022 and February 2023, a cohort of 165 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were analyzed. The participants represented various stages of coronavirus infection severity: mild, moderate, severe, and critical. Additionally, 40 healthy individuals constituted the control group. The FC 500MPL flow cytometer and associated reagents for flow cytometry.

Results

Compared with the healthy control group, activated B lymphocytes witnessed a pronounced increase (p < .05). A significant decrease was observed in the levels of Breg, Cytotoxic T cells or Suppressor T‐cell (Tc/s), late‐activated T, late‐activated Th, and late‐activated Tc/s lymphocytes (p < .05). Th, initial Th, initial Tc/s, total Treg, natural Treg, induced Treg, early activated T, and early activated Th lymphocyte levels showed no significant difference (p > .05). As the disease progressed, there was an uptick in midterm activated T lymphocytes (p < .05), while Breg, T, Tc/s, senescent Tc/s, and total senescent T levels dwindled (p < .05). Noteworthy patterns emerged across different groups for B1, T‐lymphocytes, Tc/s, B2, CD8+ Treg cells, and other subsets, highlighting variance in immune responses relative to disease severity. When juxtaposed, no significant difference was found in the expression levels of lymphocyte subsets between patients who died and those deemed critically ill (p > .05).

Conclusion

Subsets of Treg and B‐cells could act as yardsticks for the trajectory of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and might have potential in forecasting patient trajectories. A comprehensive evaluation of lymphocyte subsets, especially in real‐time, holds the key to discerning the clinical severity in those with COVID‐19. This becomes instrumental in monitoring treatment outcomes, tracking disease evolution, and formulating prognostications. Moreover, the results provide a deeper understanding of the cellular immune defense mechanisms against the novel coronavirus infection.
Comparison of stimulation protocols for dose determination of gonadotropins: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Peng Yangqin , Ma Shujuan , Hu Liang , Li Yuan , Wang Xiaojuan , Xiong Yiquan , Tan Jing , Gong Fei
Published: May 2024

Background

To date, evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of individualized controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) compared with standard dose COS has been inadequate.

Objectives

To evaluate the updated evidence from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the efficacy and safety of individualized COS with different ovarian reserve test biomarkers or clinical experience versus standard dose COS.

Search Strategy

Terms and descriptors related to COS, individualized or standard, and RCT were combined to search, and only English language studies were included. Conference abstracts and comments were excluded.

Selection Criteria

RCTs with comparison between different individualized COS strategies and standard starting dose strategy were included.

Data Collection and Analysis

Two reviews independently assessed the eligibility of retrieved citations in a predefined standardized manner. Relative risk (RRs) and the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random‐effects model on R software version 4.2.2.

Main Results

Compared with the standard dose COS strategy in pairwise meta‐analysis, the individualized COS strategy was associated with a notable lower risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS; 174/2384 [7.30%] vs 114/2412 [4.73%], RR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47–0.93, I2 = 46%), a significantly lower risk of hyperresponse to stimulation (hyperresponse; 476/2402 [19.82%] vs 331/2437 [13.58%], RR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57–0.90, I2 = 61%), and a slightly longer ovarian stimulation days (duration of stimulation; WMD 0.20, 95% CI: 0.01–0.40, I2 = 66%). Bayesian network meta‐analysis also found that biomarker‐tailored strategy had a significantly lower risk of OHSS than standard dose strategy (OHSS; RR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41–0.97, I2 = 47.5%).

Conclusion

Compared with standard dose COS strategy, individualized COS strategy could significantly reduce the risks of OHSS and hyperresponse to stimulation, but the duration of stimulation was slightly longer.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO: CRD42023358439.
Colour‐dependent dishonesty in a game of chance
Authors: Tobol Yossef , Siniver Erez , Yaniv Gideon
Published: May 2024

We report an odd result of a coin‐flip experiment which incentivises dishonest behaviour. Participants of two treatments were asked to flip a coin in private, of which one side was WHITE and the other side BLACK, and report the colour shown by the coin. Payoff depended on the reported colour: in one treatment WHITE was the more profitable outcome whereas in the other treatment BLACK was more profitable. Surprisingly, the magnitude of cheating, as reflected by the difference between the frequency of reporting the more profitable colour and its statistical expectation (50%) was not, more or less, the same in both treatments. Rather, significantly more participants cheated when BLACK was the profitable outcome. This result reappeared in two variants of the coin‐flip task. We suggest that a sense of entitlement triggered by a WHITE outcome may explain this behaviour.
Evaluating the use of the AMBIANCE‐Brief measure in clinical settings: Assessing acceptability, feasibility, and utility of the AMBIANCE‐Brief
Authors: Eirich Rachel , Pador Paolo , Watt Julianna , Racine Nicole , Lyons‐Ruth Karlen , Madigan Sheri
Published: May 2024

Community agencies and practitioners around the globe seek opportunities to learn various assessment tools and interventions rooted in attachment theory. However, information regarding the feasibility of implementation and sustainability of these tools once participants have been trained to use them, is limited. This study investigated the perceived acceptability, feasibility, utility, relevance, fidelity, and sustainability of the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification‐Brief (AMBIANCE‐Brief) among practitioners who had taken a training. Practitioners (N = 59) who attended a virtual AMBIANCE‐Brief training originating from Canada between June 2020 and November 2021 completed an online follow‐up survey. Practitioners reported that they primarily used the AMBIANCE‐Brief for case conceptualization (68%). Additionally, 95% agreed that the AMBIANCE‐Brief was relevant to their clinical practice, 98% agreed it was useful for their clinical work, 76% agreed that it was feasible to implement into their clinical work, and 59% found it easy to incorporate into their treatment planning with clients. Findings suggest that the AMBIANCE‐Brief may be acceptable, feasible, and useful for practitioners. Avenues for continuing to evaluate the AMBIANCE‐Brief include cross‐cultural validity, coder drift, and booster sessions. Additional work clarifying how practitioners integrate the measure into practice would be valuable.
Teacher vulnerability as a pedagogical tool: A comparative case study in two literacy classrooms
Authors: Lai Yi , Pacheco Mark B. , McKee Jared
Published: May 2024

Viewing teacher vulnerability as a pedagogical tool, this comparative case study examined two secondary literacy teachers' use of vulnerability in relation to various instructional goals. Through the analysis of eight video‐recorded lessons, we found that teachers demonstrated vulnerability through multiple ways within their literacy instruction through modeling ways of connecting personal experiences to texts, and establishing classroom norms that welcome difficult emotions and experiences. However, we also found that teacher vulnerability can sometimes lead to uncertainty, and even constrain student participation. We argue that teacher vulnerability helps establish a humanizing pedagogy, and offer possible strategies for teachers who are vulnerable within literacy instruction. We conclude with a discussion of different levels of appropriating vulnerability as a pedagogical tool.
Mechanistic evaluation of myristicin on apoptosis and cell cycle regulation in breast cancer cells
Authors: Sufina Nazar Sudhina , Ayyappan Janeesh Plakkal
Published: May 2024

The current study was focused on the anticancer activity of myristicin against MCF‐7 human breast cancer (BC) cells. BC is the most common and leading malignant disease in women worldwide. Now‐a‐days, various conventional therapies are used against BC and still represent a chief challenge because those treatments fail to differentiate normal cells from malignant cells, and they have severe side effects also. So, there is a need develop new therapies to decrease BC‐related morbidity and mortality. Myristicin, a 1‑allyl‑5‑methoxy‑3, 4‑methylenedioxybenzene, is a main active aromatic compound present in various spices, such as nutmeg, mace, carrot, cinnamon, parsely and some essential oils. Myristicin has a wide range of effects, including antitumor, antioxidative and antimicrobial activity. Nevertheless, the effects of myristicin on human BC cells remain largely unrevealed. The cytotoxicity effect of myristicin on MCF‑7 cells was increased dose dependently detected by (4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Lactate Dehydrogenase assays. Myristicin was found to be significantly inducing the cell apoptosis, as compared to control, using acridine orange/ethidium bromide, Hoechst stain and annexin V. Moreover, it activates cell antimigration, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase. In addition, myristicin induces the expression of apoptosis and cell cycle genes (Caspases8, Bax, Bid, Bcl2, PARP, p53, and Cdk1) was demonstrated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and apoptosis proteins (c‐PARP, Caspase 9, Cytochrome C, PDI) expression was also analyzed with western blot. Overall, we illustrated that myristicin could regulate apoptosis signaling pathways in MCF‐7 BC cells.
A self‐determination theory perspective on the relationship between emotion regulation styles, mindfulness facets, and well‐being in adults with self‐injury
Authors: Petrovic Julia , Mills Devin J. , Heath Nancy L.
Published: May 2024

Background

The relevance of emotion regulation (ER) difficulties to nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI; the deliberate destruction of one's bodily tissue without suicidal intent) has been repeatedly documented. Recently, specific mindfulness facets (i.e., awareness, nonjudging, describing) have been proposed as mechanisms that explain this relationship. The present study sought to extend this line of inquiry by exploring the mediating role of mindfulness facets in the relation between self‐determination theory‐based ER styles (i.e., integrative ER, suppressive ER, emotion dysregulation) and indices of positive and negative well‐being (i.e., subjective vitality, NSSI difficulties), while controlling for gender, in adults with recent NSSI engagement.

Methods

US adults with a history of more than one occurrence of NSSI within the last year (n = 222) completed online measures of ER styles, mindfulness facets, subjective vitality, and NSSI difficulties.

Results

A mediation model indicated that the effects of ER styles on positive and negative well‐being were explained by specific mindfulness facets (i.e., awareness, nonjudging, nonreactivity, describing).

Conclusions

The present study provides preliminary evidence that facets of dispositional mindfulness may be mechanisms through which ER styles impact positive and negative indices of well‐being in adults with lived experience of NSSI.
Phylogenetics, subspecies, and conservation of the eastern pinesnake
Authors: Krohn Alexander R. , Apodaca Joseph J. , Collins Louisa , Hudson Bryan D. , Barrett Kyle
Published: May 2024

Whether or where to draw subspecies' taxonomic boundaries is much more than an esoteric argument. Subspecific taxonomies and associated geographic ranges have important conservation and management implications because the Endangered Species Act (ESA) protects distinct populations segments below the species level. Genomic data can help resolve taxonomic disputes and assist with conservation policy; however, because subspecific lineages often exhibit gene flow, genomic lineages for subspecific taxa are rarely distinct. We used genomic data from the eastern pinesnake (Pituophis melanoleucus) to determine the geographic range of the morphologically variable Florida pinesnake (P. m. mugitus), which is petitioned for listing under the ESA. The overall genomic pattern of the eastern pinesnake is one of admixture, and there are gradual differences over the wide range of the species. But there still are discernable areas of genetic differentiation that correspond to the morphologically defined Florida pinesnake, and other subspecies. This pattern of admixture should be expected for subspecies. We propose that boundaries for the Florida pinesnake should maximize the species redundancy, resilience, and representation based on genomic data. We also propose best practices for managers and policymakers interpreting genomic data of subspecies, given that the genomic cutoffs will rarely be truly distinct.
Unveiling differential thermal sensitivities in marine phytoplankton within the China Seas
Authors: Wang Changyun , Cai Shujie , Tong Zhuyin , Chen Jixin , Lin Lizhen , Xiao Wupeng , Liu Xin , Huang Bangqin
Published: May 2024

In this study, we explored the realized thermal sensitivities of various phytoplankton groups in natural seawater, a crucial aspect for understanding the dynamics of marine ecosystems under climate change. Utilizing a decadal pigment dataset (2002–2015) from China Seas and employing generalized additive mixed models coupled with maximum entropy modeling, we discerned thermal sensitivity differentiations among nine phytoplankton groups, encompassing the full‐size spectrum. Our findings revealed that cryptophytes were exceptionally thermally sensitive, with a strong correlation between temperature changes and biomass variance. Characterized by a preference for cooler waters, cryptophytes had a low mean temperature niche and a narrow niche breadth. Notably, they exhibited the lowest temperature tipping point, highlighting their heightened vulnerability to warming trends. These findings underscored the significance of cryptophytes, an often‐overlooked group, in understanding ecosystem responses to climate shifts, and emphasized their potential role as key indicators in marine ecological studies under global warming.
Enhanced Spontaneous Emission through High‐k Modes in CsPbBr3 Perovskite Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Authors: Caligiuri Vincenzo , Siprova Svetlana , Godbert Nicolas , Moccia Massimo , Biffi Giulia , Termine Roberto , Balestra Gianluca , Cuscunà Massimo , Amoruso Maria Laura , Scuderi Mario , Galdi Vincenzo , Golemme Attilio , Aiello Iolinda , De Luca Antonio
Published: May 2024

Novel optical sources require fast decay rates, making hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) an increasingly attractive option. HMMs are well‐known for their remarkable anisotropy, and leverage hyperbolic dispersion to enhance the decay rate of a fluorophore placed on top of them. This study tackles the complex task of embedding a fluorophore into an HMM, successfully overcoming challenges related to surface roughness, thickness imperfections, and layer washing effects. Specifically, CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs)‐based HMM are fabricated, by alternating silver/nanocrystals (Ag/NCs) layers. Through a systematic investigation of the photophysical response following the deposition of each bilayer, compelling evidence of the achievement of hyperbolic dispersion is provided. Specifically, the impact of “high‐k” modes is isolated, which is distinctive to the HMM architecture. Therefore, the longstanding debate regarding the number of bilayers needed to achieve hyperbolic dispersion is conclusively resolved. The research demonstrates a nearly twofold increase in the decay rate and a threefold enhancement in photoluminescence intensity. These findings are further supported by theoretical Purcell factor calculations. This study marks a pioneering advancement in the field of bulk dye‐embedded HMMs, laying the groundwork for the development of advanced optical sources such as “resonant gain HMMs”.
Direct Monitoring of Whole‐Brain Electrodynamics via High‐Spatiotemporal‐Resolution Photoacoustics with Voltage‐Sensitive Dye
Authors: Pang Weiran , Zhu Bowen , Li Honghui , Zhou Yingying , Woo Chi Man , Huang Xiazi , Zhong Tianting , Lo Hsuan , Wang Laiyou , Lai Puxiang , Nie Liming
Published: May 2024

Brain voltage plays a crucial role in indicating internal functions or diseases, and optical voltage imaging has gained intensive attention in recent years. Despite encouraging progress, current implementations encounter limitations pertaining to penetration depth, field of view (FOV), and photostability of indicators. To mitigate these challenges, a robust voltage‐sensitive dye (VSD)‐based whole‐field photoacoustic brain detection (WF‐PABD) platform is proposed, enabling direct evaluation of voltage dynamics across the whole brain, forming as PA‐VSD. WF‐PABD is equipped with a 512‐element ring‐array ultrasound detector capable of 360‐degree scanning, providing a large FOV (≈5 cm), high spatial resolution (≈110 µm), and rapid imaging acquisition. The proposed VSD remained ≈75% photostability after 30 min laser exposure, much greater than most calcium sensors. The optical voltage‐response mechanisms are validated and the capability of PA‐VSD to directly screen seizures is established. It is demonstrated that investigating connectivity among different brain regions allows to identify the precise location of active epileptic foci as well as the electrical conduction pathways and their directionality through fast temporal visualization. In summary, this study not only addresses the need for non‐invasive, high‐resolution, long‐term, and direct monitoring of brain voltage but also empowers exciting venues for PA applications in neuroscience.
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature Multicolor Persistent Luminescence in a Single Host Material
Authors: Li Jiacai , Zhang Xiaomin , Yu Ruoxi , Chen Chao , Zhang Chennan , Li Mingxing , Pan Gencai , Zhang Huafang , Gao Huiping , You Wenwu , Mao Yanli
Published: May 2024

Persistent luminescence (PersL) phosphors have garnered significant attention for their extensive applications in various fields. It is regrettable that these PersL phosphors typically possess deep traps. At low temperatures (LT), energy stored in the trap cannot be released to the luminescent centers through thermal de‐trapping, thereby causing these PersL phosphors to lose their PersL characteristics in LT. Currently, there is little research on LT PersL phosphors, and multicolor LT PersL in a single host material has not been reported. In this work, multicolor LT PersL is achieved in a single host material by modifying the emission center. Remarkably, an ultra‐shallow trap with a depth of 0.23 eV is discovered in the Cs2NaLuCl6:5%Ln3+ phosphors, which is essential for achieving PersL at 77 K. First‐principles calculations indicate that the ultra‐shallow trap in Cs2NaLuCl6:5%Ln3+ is caused by the distortion of [NaCl6] octahedron in the phosphors. These findings provide new perspectives into X‐ray‐induced trap generation and offer valuable insights for designing multicolor PersL phosphors for LT applications.
A construal level account of when consumers prefer to spend loyalty points over money
Authors: Bagga Charan K. , Nastasoiu Alina , Bendle Neil T. , Vandenbosch Mark
Published: May 2024

The central questions answered in this research are, “For what, and when, do consumers prefer to spend loyalty points over money?” We use construal level theory (CLT) to theorize that loyalty (or reward) points are perceived abstractly while money is perceived concretely, and this impacts spending preferences. We find that consumers prefer to spend loyalty points (vs. money) on high desirability‐low feasibility (vs. low desirability‐high feasibility) consumption items. The same pattern also persists when the items that vary on desirability and feasibility are equivalently priced. Second, we show that the construal‐level matching phenomenon influences temporal decisions such that consumers prefer to spend points (vs. money) for items that are available later (vs. now). Third, the moderating effect of category type (experiential vs. material) is reported. Finally, we demonstrate two managerial applications that are reported in the Web Appendix. We show that managers may influence how consumers spend loyalty points (a) by altering the concreteness of the decision context, and (b) by manipulating the nature of loyalty points.
LDHA‐mediated M2‐type macrophage polarization via tumor‐derived exosomal EPHA2 promotes renal cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Gan Xinxin , Hu Jiatao , Pang Qingyang , Yan Rui , Bao Yi , Liu Ying , Song Jiaao , Wang Zheng , Sun Weihao , Huang Fuzhao , Cai Chen , Wang Linhui
Published: May 2024

Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is known to promote the growth and invasion of various types of tumors, affects tumor resistance, and is associated with tumor immune escape. But how LDHA reshapes the tumor microenvironment and promotes the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that LDHA was highly expressed in clear cell RCC (ccRCC), and this high expression was associated with macrophage infiltration, while macrophages were highly infiltrated in ccRCC, affecting patient prognosis via M2‐type polarization. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that LDHA and M2‐type macrophages could enhance the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of ccRCC cells. Mechanistically, high expression of LDHA in ccRCC cells upregulated the expression of EPHA2 in exosomes derived from renal cancer. Exosomal EPHA2 promoted M2‐type polarization of macrophages by promoting activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in macrophages, thereby promoting the progression of ccRCC. All these findings suggest that EPHA2 may prove to be a potential therapeutic target for advanced RCC.
Upregulation of collagen type X alpha 1 promotes the progress of triple‐negative breast cancer via Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Peng Jing , Liu Xiangping , Mao Yan , Lv Meng , Ma Teng , Liu Jiaxiu , Zhou Quan , Han Yafei , Li Xin , Wang Haibo
Published: May 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignant tumor with high degree of malignancy and lack of effective target treatment. The research aims to explore the role and mechanism of X collagen alpha‐1 chain protein (COL10A1 gene) in TNBC. UALCAN and Kaplan–Meier were used to detect the expression of COL10A1 and its role in the prognosis of breast cancer patients. The cells with stably expressing high levels of COL10A1 were obtained by recombinant lentivirus infection. The expression of COL10A1 in cells was temporarily downregulated by siRNA interference fragments. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were utilized to detect the changes of COL10A1 mRNA and protein expression. The biological functions of the cells were evaluated by colony formation, cell counting kit‐8, cell invasion and wound healing experiments. In addition, the effect of COL10A1 on angiogenesis was investigated by tube formation assay. Xenograft tumor model was used to confirm the effect of COL10A1 on tumorigenicity in vivo and multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry to detect multiple proteins simultaneously. The possible molecular mechanism of the function of COL10A1 was speculated through the detection of proteins in functionally related pathways. COL10A1 is highly expressed and is significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in TNBC. Overexpression of COL10A1 increased the clone formation rate and cell migration capacity of TNBC cells. In the COL10A1 overexpression group, the clone formation rates of MD‐MB‐231 and BT‐549 cells (21.5 ± 0.62, 27.83 ± 3.72)% were significantly higher than those in the control group(15.23 ± 2.79, 19.4 ± 1.47)%, and the relative migration ratio (47.40 ± 3.09, 41.26 ± 4.33)% were higher than those in the control group (34.48 ± 2.03, 21.80 ± 1.03)%. When the expression of COL10A1 was downregulated, the ability of clone formation and wound‐healing migration capacity in TNBC cells was weakened. Upregulated COL10A1 in TNBC cells generated more junctions and longer total segments between vascular endothelial cells, and promoted angiogenesis of the cells, and thus enhanced the tumorigenesis. In TNBC, it was found that COL10A1 might affect epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the cells through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway by the detection of the related pathway proteins. COL10A1 is highly expressed in TNBC, and its high expression leads to poor OS and RFS. COL10A1 may enhance TNBC cell proliferation, migration and tumor‐related angiogenesis, and promote tumorigenesis in vivo via Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.
New insights into immune cells in cancer immunotherapy: from epigenetic modification, metabolic modulation to cell communication
Authors: Qin Sha , Xie Bin , Wang Qingyi , Yang Rui , Sun Jingyue , Hu Chaotao , Liu Shuang , Tao Yongguang , Xiao Desheng
Published: May 2024

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and more effective ways of attacking cancer are being sought. Cancer immunotherapy is a new and effective therapeutic method after surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Cancer immunotherapy aims to kill tumor cells by stimulating or rebuilding the body's immune system, with specific efficiency and high safety. However, only few tumor patients respond to immunotherapy and due to the complex and variable characters of cancer immune escape, the behavior and regulatory mechanisms of immune cells need to be deeply explored from more dimensions. Epigenetic modifications, metabolic modulation, and cell‐to‐cell communication are key factors in immune cell adaptation and response to the complex tumor microenvironment. They collectively determine the state and function of immune cells through modulating gene expression, changing in energy and nutrient demands. In addition, immune cells engage in complex communication networks with other immune components, which are mediated by exosomes, cytokines, and chemokines, and are pivotal in shaping the tumor progression and therapeutic response. Understanding the interactions and combined effects of such multidimensions mechanisms in immune cell modulation is important for revealing the mechanisms of immunotherapy failure and developing new therapeutic targets and strategies.
Optimal innovation incentive strategies within the health crowdsourcing platform
Authors: Liu Jianyue , Ma Zhiqiang , Zhu Binxin
Published: May 2024

Lack of incentive strategies within the health crowdsourcing platform has resulted in the loss of patient innovation and the failure in the diffusion of patients' innovations. To solve this problem, we compared four incentive strategies: (i) without incentive, (ii) cost‐sharing incentive, (iii) revenue‐sharing incentive, and (iv) a hybrid incentive strategy combining cost‐sharing and revenue‐sharing. Our analysis indicates that the innovation guidance effect is at its lowest level without incentive strategies, and the hybrid incentive strategy can maximize both innovation enthusiasm and profits. Furthermore, there exists a threshold for revenue‐sharing ratio, making the incentive effect of revenue‐sharing strategy better than that of the cost‐sharing strategy. Finally, short‐sighted thinking among platform participants will reduce the innovation enthusiasm of altruistic patients and the incentive investment of the platform. This study provides guiding principles for the health crowdsourcing platform to regulate online patient innovation solutions.
Dietary Oat β‐Glucan Alleviates High‐Fat Induced Insulin Resistance through Regulating Circadian Clock and Gut Microbiome
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Ye Gaoqi , Wang Zongwei , Wang Ziyuan , Gong Lingxiao , Wang Jing , Liu Jie
Published: May 2024

Scope

High‐fat diet induced circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) are associated with metabolic diseases. As the main functional bioactive component in oat, β‐glucan (GLU) can improve metabolic disorders, however its regulatory effect on CRD remains unclear. In this research, the effects of GLU on high‐fat diet induced insulin resistance and its mechanisms are investigated, especially focusing on circadian rhythm‐related process.

Methods and results

Male C57BL/6 mice are fed a low fat diet, a high‐fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented 3% GLU for 13 weeks. The results show that GLU treatment alleviates HFD‐induced insulin resistance and intestinal barrier dysfunction in obese mice. The rhythmic expressions of circadian clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, and Cry1) in the colon impaired by HFD diet are also restored by GLU. Further analysis shows that GLU treatment restores the oscillatory nature of gut microbiome, which can enhance glucagon‐like peptide (GLP‐1) secretion via short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mediated activation of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). Meanwhile, GLU consumption significantly relieves colonic inflammation and insulin resistance through modulating HDAC3/NF‐κB signaling pathway.

Conclusion

GLU can ameliorate insulin resistance due to its regulation of colonic circadian clock and gut microbiome.
Design and optimization of a Quasi‐Yagi antenna for 5G communications
Authors: Ala Avanthi , Bactavatchalame Partibane , Karuppiah Senthamilselvan
Published: May 2024

A novel Quasi‐Yagi‐Uda antenna on a flexible material is designed and demonstrated in this paper. The antenna is developed on an ultra‐thin polyimide substrate to support dual‐frequency bands centered at 3.8 and 5.2 GHz for 5G and WiFi‐enabled wireless communications. The proposed Quasi‐Yagi‐Uda has a twin‐F‐shaped driven element which is excited using a microstrip line feed. The arms of the driven element are suitably designed to meet the frequency specifications of the proposed antenna. The design of the antenna is carried out using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio while the antenna optimization is performed using the Fire‐Fly algorithm. The optimum geometrical details of the proposed antenna are obtained with a higher rate of convergence. The proposed dual‐band antenna provides 205 and 195 MHz bandwidth in both frequency bands guaranteeing high‐speed wireless communications in the 5G domain. The Quasi‐Yagi‐Uda provides a gain greater than 4.5 dBi in both operating bands with an efficiency greater than 80%. The prototype antenna optimized using the Fire‐Fly algorithm is fabricated and the simulation results are validated.
Integrating IASLC grading and radiomics for predicting postoperative outcomes in stage IA invasive lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Yong , Wu Jun , You Jie , Gao Mingjun , Lu Shichun , Sun Chao , Shu Yusheng , Wang Xiaolin
Published: May 2024

Background

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Pathology Committee introduced a histologic grading system for invasive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in 2020. The IASLC grading system, hinging on the evaluation of predominant and high‐grade histologic patterns, has proven to be practical and prognostic for invasive LUAD. However, there are still limitations in evaluating the prognosis of stage IA LUAD. Radiomics may serve as a valuable complement.

Purpose

To establish a model that integrates IASLC grading and radiomics, aimed at predicting the prognosis of stage IA LUAD.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 628 patients diagnosed with stage IA LUAD who underwent surgical resection between January 2015 and December 2018 at our institution. The patients were randomly divided into the training set (n = 439) and testing set (n = 189) at a ratio of 7:3. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were taken as the end points. Radiomics features were obtained by PyRadiomics. Feature selection was performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The prediction models for OS and DFS were developed using multivariate Cox regression analysis, and the models were visualized through nomogram plots. The model's performance was evaluated using area under the curves (AUC), concordance index (C‐index), calibration curves, and survival decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

In total, nine radiomics features were selected for the OS prediction model, and 15 radiomics features were selected for the DFS prediction model. Patients with high radiomics scores were associated with a worse prognosis (p < 0.001). We built separate prediction models using radiomics or IASLC alone, as well as a combined prediction model. In the prediction of OS, we observed that the combined model (C‐index: 0.812 ± 0.024, 3 years AUC: 0.692, 5 years AUC: 0.792) achieved superior predictive performance than the radiomics (C‐index: 0.743 ± 0.038, 3 years AUC: 0.633, 5 years AUC: 0.768) and IASLC grading (C‐index: 0.765 ± 0.042, 3 years AUC: 0.658, 5 years AUC: 0.743) models alone. Similar results were obtained in the models for DFS.

Conclusion

The combination of radiomics and IASLC pathological grading proves to be an effective approach for predicting the prognosis of stage IA LUAD. This has substantial clinical relevance in guiding treatment decisions for early‐stage LUAD.
The association of fecal incontinence, constipation, and pelvic pain with the course of lower urinary tract symptoms in community‐dwelling men and women
Authors: Mahjoob Dina M. , Knol‐de Vries Grietje E. , de Boer Michiel , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , Blanker Marco H.
Published: May 2024

Background

Fecal incontinence, constipation, and pelvic pain are common pelvic floor symptoms (PFS), and frequently coexist with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, their association with the longitudinal trajectory of LUTS have not been well described. Our objective was to investigate the association between PFS and the course of LUTS in community‐dwelling men and women.

Methods

Men and women aged ≥16 years were invited to participate in a prospective observational cohort study. At baseline, and after 12 and 24 months, participants filled in the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire (ICIQ‐MLUTS and ICIQ‐FLUTS) for men and women respectively, the Wexner incontinence and constipation scale, and a questionnaire on pelvic pain. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between change scores in defecation problems and pelvic pain, and LUTS change scores.

Results

A total of 694 men and 997 women gave informed consent, with 417 men and 566 women included in the analysis. The mean age was 63.2 ± 12.7 years for men and 58.6 ± 14.8 years for women. The study showed minor changes in LUTS scores over the 0–12 and 12–24‐month periods. Generalized estimating equations revealed positive associations between changes in constipation and fecal incontinence and LUTS changes in both sexes. For instance, a one‐point increase in Wexner constipation score was associated with 0.376 (0.165, 0.587) points higher LUTS change in men and 0.223 (0.109, 0.336) points in women during the 0–12‐month follow‐up. However, associations between changes in pain and LUTS scores varied across sexes and time periods.

Conclusions

We observed minor changes in LUTS over time and weak associations between PFS and LUTS that sometimes differed between males and females, emphasizing the need for sex‐specific considerations. These insights can provide valuable guidance for the development of targeted prevention trials, ultimately aiming to enhance overall pelvic health and patient well‐being.
Secure cross‐chain transactions for medical data sharing in blockchain‐based Internet of Medical Things
Authors: Jiang Bohao , Li Chaoyang , Tang Yu , Xin Xiangjun
Published: May 2024

Blockchain technology has greatly promoted the development of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) from a centralized form to a distributed form. However, with many independent blockchain‐based IoMT (BIoMT) systems being established by different institutions, these heterogeneous blockchain systems have created a new “data islands” problem. This paper proposes a multi‐chain fusion (MCF) multi‐party governance model based on relay chain technology. The MCF model helps establish cross‐chain interaction and communication among the multiple heterogeneous blockchain systems in different medical institutions through the cross‐chain gateway. Meanwhile, by utilizing the inter‐blockchain transfer protocol (IBTP), the MCF model takes responsibility for legitimacy verification and reliable routing of cross‐chain transactions, thus addressing the “data islands problem” inherent in traditional blockchain‐based medical systems. Then, an elliptic curve signature scheme is adopted to protect user privacy in cross‐chain transactions, which helps establish transaction verification for the MCF model in BIoMT systems. Finally, several experiments are carried out to prove the feasibility of the cross‐chain scheme and the security of the elliptic curve signature scheme, and the performance index of the cross‐chain system is evaluated. The performance results show that the MCF model can provide secure and efficient cross‐chain services for sharing medical data among heterogeneous BIoMT systems, thus addressing the “data islands problem” inherent in traditional blockchain‐based medical systems.
Using participatory video in environmental research
Authors: Nawrath Maximilian , Fisher Jessica C. , Arotoma‐Rojas Ingrid , Davies Zoe G. , Elsey Helen , Cooke Paul , Mistry Jayalaxshmi , Dallimer Martin
Published: May 2024

Tackling environmental challenges that face humanity requires us to acknowledge new ways of working and to cross disciplinary boundaries. However, the methodological toolkit used by environmental researchers to explore the human attitudes, knowledge and behaviours that drive global challenges such as biodiversity loss and climate breakdown remains constrained.

Here, we describe participatory video, a methodology for capturing and communicating knowledge, which goes beyond interviews, focus groups and participant observation. We draw from the literature and our own experience of conducting participatory video projects in Nepal, Guyana and Peru. We demonstrate the diverse ways in which the methodology can be applied to environmental research and highlight its strengths and limitations.

Participatory video provides a more holistic understanding of environmental issues by using multiple types of data, its longer‐term engagement with issues, opening channels of communication between stakeholders, engaging a diversity of knowledge systems and advocating for transformative change.

By taking a participatory video approach, environmental researchers may begin to counter commonplace criticisms about lack of diversity and entrenched colonialism. This simultaneously responds to wider calls for environmental research to engage with social justice issues, represent diverse voices, understand different contexts and acknowledge the role of power. Crucially, this helps build trust amongst all those involved.

By demonstrating how we have successfully used participatory video in projects in conservation, ecology and climate science, we provide guidance for researchers looking to expand their methodological toolkit. Ultimately, we seek to improve the use of participatory methods to help support communities to tackle the environmental challenges that they face.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Risk of increased mortality in underweight survivors: A brief report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Tonorezos Emily S. , Chou Joanne F. , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Friedman Danielle Novetsky , Sklar Charles A. , Dilley Kimberly J. , Hudson Melissa M. , Mertens Ann , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. , Meacham Lillian R. , Oeffinger Kevin C.
Published: May 2024

Background

Approximately 1 in 10 adult survivors of childhood cancer is underweight. Although the consequences of being overweight or obese have been well described, outcomes among childhood cancer survivors who are underweight are unknown.

Objective

To determine whether underweight status increases the risk of mortality.

Procedure

Cohort study: Marginal models with generalized estimating equations to evaluate the associations between body mass index (BMI), serious or life‐threatening chronic conditions, and death in the setting of long‐term follow‐up questionnaires and National Death Index search. Participants: Childhood cancer five‐year survivors diagnosed during 1970–1986 in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Exposure: Underweight status, defined as body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 compared with ideal body weight. Based on available literature on body weight and mortality from the general population, ideal body weight was defined as BMI 22.0‐24.9 kg/m2. Main outcomes: Overall mortality and cancer‐specific mortality.

Results

Of 9454 survivors (median age 35 years old (range, 17‐58), an average of 17.5 years from diagnosis), 627 (6.6%) participants were underweight at baseline or follow‐up questionnaire. Of 184 deaths, 29 were among underweight survivors. Underweight status was more common among females (9.1% vs. 4.5%, p < .01) and participants with younger age at diagnosis (8.2% for < 5 years vs. 6.1% for ≥5 years, p < .01), lower household income (8.9% for < $20,000 vs. 6.0% for ≥ $20,000, p < .01), or a history of serious chronic condition (p = .05). After adjustment for these factors, in addition to prior smoking and a history of radiation therapy, the risk of all‐cause mortality within two years of BMI report was increased (OR 2.85; 95% CI: 1.63‐4.97; p < .01) for underweight survivors, compared with ideal‐weight survivors.

Conclusions

Childhood cancer survivors who are underweight are at increased risk for late mortality that appears unrelated to smoking status, recognized chronic disease, or subsequent malignancy. Whether targeted nutritional interventions would ameliorate this risk is unknown.
Diagnostic value of procalcitonin and hemocyte parameters in neonates with bloodstream infection: Role of activated hemocyte‐related genes
Authors: Tao Yiyi , Li Qian , Peng Huidi , Huang Ningshu
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of hemocyte parameters and procalcitonin (PCT) in detecting bloodstream infections (BSI) in neonates and explore the contribution of hemocyte activation‐related genes to pediatric sepsis through bioinformatics analysis. A cohort of 419 neonates, categorized as BSI (positive blood culture) and control, underwent comparative analysis of PCT and hemocyte parameters. A predictive model for neonatal BSI was established, demonstrating an impressive area under the receiver ROC curve of 0.968 with remarkable sensitivity (92%) and specificity (87.3%). Hemocyte parameters, including lymphocyte and neutrophil percentages, platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and PCT, emerged as independent predictors of neonatal BSI. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis utilizing Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets yielded significant insights. Differential gene expression (DEGs), gene ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were explored. The differentially expressed genes and hub genes were notably enriched in the activation of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets. Notably, elevated expression levels of SPI1, TYROBP, and FCER1G were observed in pediatric sepsis or septic shock, with positive correlations between SPI1, FCER1G, and TYROBP. In summary, the combination of lymphocyte, PDW, PLR, and PCT effectively diagnosed neonatal BSI. Bioinformatics analysis underscored the pivotal role of activated hemocytes in diagnosing pediatric sepsis, with SPI1, TYROBP, and FCER1G co‐expression influencing the disease's pathophysiology by modulating neutrophil and platelet activity.
Positioning dynamic polymeric materials within the modern polymer economy: From application to recycling and circularity
Authors: Jiang Meng , Mahmud Nadim , Koelbl Christopher B. , Herr Delaney , Worch Joshua C.
Published: May 2024

Innovations in dynamic polymeric materials offer prospects to improve the circularity and lower the environmental impact of the modern polymer economy. These materials are also beginning to blur the distinction between re‐use and recycling methods since the bulk material properties of the material may be rationally changed after applying a stimulus or performing a controlled chemical reaction. In this Perspective, we propose that dynamic polymers denote a unique class of versatile post‐consumer polymer waste, which shares similarities to emergent upcycling approaches while also offering additional opportunities within more classical recycling schemes. A brief overview of stimuli‐responsive polymers is presented where illustrative examples are discussed within the context of developing practical materials. Dynamic covalent polymeric materials are then highlighted, along with emerging techniques such as polymer editing, with a focus on recent reports demonstrating rational manipulation of bulk material properties. Finally, we discuss these examples alongside modern recycling methods and explore how dynamic polymers could perform in this sphere.