Migmatite rheology of crustal catazone: An example from the SSE part of T. Sundupalle granite‐greenstone terrain, Eastern Dharwar Craton, India
Authors: Goswami Sukanta , Bhattacharjee Purnajit , Swain Sudhiranjan , Sarbajna Chanchal , Muralidharan R. , Choudhury Dilip Kumar , Pande Dheeraj , Sinha Deepak Kumar 
Published: April 2021

The southern basement of the Cuddapah Basin comprises the Dharwar Batholith and greenstone belt complex. Granitoids of the batholith exhibit extensive variation in terms of geomorphology, age, mineralogy, and micro/meso scale structures. The eastern part of Dharwar Craton along 13°50′ to 14°8′N latitude and 78°45′ to 79°05′E longitude was studied to enlighten the rheological influence on crustal evolution. Frequent occurrences of migmatites of restricted dimension are observed in the south of 14°10′N latitude. The granite‐migmatite contacts are not sharp in general. Different types of migmatite complex and their relationships with granitoids as well as older country rocks represent an exhumed segment of the crustal catazone. The widespread group of migmatitic rocks are classified in a composite manner on the basis of morphology and structure. Furthermore, genetic implication vis‐a‐vis anatexis history is also evaluated. Static and dynamic modes of migmatites are recognized with reference to geothermal gradient and tectonics. Based on the degree of anatexis, two categories of migmatites are identified in the field, that is, metatexites and diatexites. In addition, metatexites are classified into four sub‐types (viz, patch, dilatant, net, and stromatic) and diatexites are also sub‐divided into two categories (viz, schollen or raft and schlieren). The hybrid nature of migmatitic rocks with both metamorphic and igneous characteristics are used to analyse pre‐ and post‐anatectic events. The preserved evidences of partial melting are marked as leucocratic patches. In situ stagnation of the melt or subsequent separation from the remaining solid provides different morphology of static mode. Importance of dihedral angle at solid–liquid contacts is also considered in the present context to describe the grain boundary penetration by partial melt. Folds, veins, and boudins of different styles and generations played significant role in dynamic mode migmatitization. The syn‐ and post‐metamorphic deformation events and granite melt generation from migmatites are schematically defined. Spatial and temporal relationships of schist‐gneiss‐migmatites of both static as well as dynamic mode reveal initiation of the crustal development by vertical accretion of ultramafic‐mafic lava and TTG. Cyclic partial remelting of the metabasic lava and TTG and underplating led to development of the lithospheric plate. Later upwelling material at convergent plate and associated heat transfer led to generation of granitic magma. The established prograde and retrograde cycle of metamorphism were possibly interrupted by crustal reworking events. This study confirms about the crustal catazone segment (with >15 km depth and >500°C) in which physical processes control generation, segregation, ascent, and emplacement of juvenile granite from migmatites.