bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-related differences in the functional topography of the locus coeruleus: implications for cognitive and affective functions
Authors: Veréb Dániel , Mijalkov Mite , Canal-Garcia Anna , Chang Yu-Wei , Gomez-Ruis Emiliano , Gerboles Blanca Zufiria , Kivipelto Miia , Svenningsson Per , Zetterberg Henrik , Volpe Giovanni , Betts Mathew J. , Jacobs Heidi , Pereira Joana B.
Published: August 2023

The locus coeruleus (LC) is an important noradrenergic nucleus that has recently attracted a lot of attention because of its emerging role in cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Although previous histological studies have shown that the LC has heterogeneous connections and cellular features, no studies have yet assessed its functional topography in vivo, how this heterogeneity changes over aging and whether it is associated with cognition and mood. Here we employ a gradient-based approach to characterize the functional heterogeneity in the organization of the LC over aging using 3T resting-state fMRI in a population-based cohort aged from 18 to 88 years old (Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience cohort, n=618). We show that the LC exhibits a rostro-caudal functional gradient along its longitudinal axis, which was replicated in an independent dataset (Human Connectome Project 7T dataset, n=184). Although the main rostro-caudal direction of this gradient was consistent across age groups, its spatial features varied with increasing age, emotional memory and emotion regulation. More specifically, a loss of rostral-like connectivity, more clustered functional topography and greater asymmetry between right and left LC gradients was associated with higher age and worse behavioral performance. Furthermore, participants with higher-than-normal Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ratings exhibited alterations in the gradient as well, which manifested in greater asymmetry. These results provide an in vivo account of how the functional topography of the LC changes over aging, and imply that spatial features of this organization are relevant markers of LC-related behavioral measures and psychopathology.
Chinese text classification by combining Chinese-BERTology-wwm and GCN
Authors: Xu Xue , Chang Yu , An Jianye , Du Yongqiang
Published: August 2023

Text classification is an important and classic application in natural language processing (NLP). Recent studies have shown that graph neural networks (GNNs) are effective in tasks with rich structural relationships and serve as effective transductive learning approaches. Text representation learning methods based on large-scale pretraining can learn implicit but rich semantic information from text. However, few studies have comprehensively utilized the contextual semantic and structural information for Chinese text classification. Moreover, the existing GNN methods for text classification did not consider the applicability of their graph construction methods to long or short texts. In this work, we propose Chinese-BERTology-wwm-GCN, a framework that combines Chinese bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) series models with whole word masking (Chinese-BERTology-wwm) and the graph convolutional network (GCN) for Chinese text classification. When building text graph, we use documents and words as nodes to construct a heterogeneous graph for the entire corpus. Specifically, we use the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) to construct the word-document edge weights. For long text corpora, we propose an improved pointwise mutual information (PMI*) measure for words according to their word co-occurrence distances to represent the weights of word-word edges. For short text corpora, the co-occurrence information between words is often limited. Therefore, we utilize cosine similarity to represent the word-word edge weights. During the training stage, we effectively combine the cross-entropy and hinge losses and use them to jointly train Chinese-BERTology-wwm and GCN. Experiments show that our proposed framework significantly outperforms the baselines on three Chinese benchmark datasets and achieves good performance even with few labeled training sets.
Using repeatability of performance within and across contexts to validate measures of behavioral flexibility
Authors: McCune Kelsey , Blaisdell Aaron , Johnson-Ulrich Zoe , Sevchik August , Lukas Dieter , MacPherson Maggie , Seitz Benjamin , Logan Corina J.
Published: August 2023

Research into animal cognitive abilities is increasing quickly and often uses methods where behavioral performance on a task is assumed to represent variation in the underlying cognitive trait. However, because these methods rely on behavioral responses as a proxy for cognitive ability, it is important to validate that the task structure does, in fact, target the cognitive trait of interest rather than non-target cognitive, personality, or motivational traits (construct validity). Although it can be difficult, or impossible, to definitively assign performance to one cognitive trait, one way to validate that task structure is more likely to elicit performance based on the target cognitive trait is to assess the temporal and contextual repeatability of performance. In other words, individual performance is likely to represent an inherent trait when it is consistent across time and across similar or different tasks that theoretically test the same trait. Here, we assessed the temporal and contextual repeatability of performance on tasks intended to test the cognitive trait behavioral flexibility in great-tailed grackles (Quiscalus mexicanus). For temporal repeatability, we quantified the number of trials to form a color preference after each of multiple color reversals on a serial reversal learning task. For contextual repeatability, we then compared performance on the serial color reversal task to the latency to switch among solutions on each of two different multi-access boxes. We found that the number of trials to form a preference in reversal learning was repeatable across serial color reversals and the latency to switch a preference was repeatable across color reversal learning and the multi-access box contexts. This supports the idea that the reversal learning task structure elicits performance reflective of an inherent trait, and that reversal learning and solution switching on multi-access boxes similarly reflect the inherent trait of behavioral flexibility.
Percepción del rol de las áreas protegidas y su efecto sobre el bienestar humano subjetivo de comunidades portales del sur de Chile
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Soza Madariaga Tomás
Published: August 2023

Las Áreas Protegidas (APs) son instrumentos de conservación creados para asegurar el funcionamiento de ecosistemas y conservación de especies. También, han demostrado asegurar la provisión de distintos Servicios Ecosistémicos (SSEE) y Contribuciones de la Naturaleza a las Personas (NCP). Se ha discutido ampliamente sobre la aplicación de estos conceptos y el alcance que tienen para la toma de decisiones en políticas de conservación. Las APs generalmente están insertas en sistemas socio-ecológicos, donde las comunidades ubicadas en los sitios de acceso se denominan Comunidades Portales. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las percepciones sobre el rol de las APs y su efecto sobre el Bienestar Humano Subjetivo (BHS) de Comunidades Portales del sur de Chile, a través del marco conceptual de los SSEE y NCP. La metodología corresponde a un Análisis de Contenido Cualitativo de los relatos de Comunidades Portales y No Portales en cuatro regiones del sur de Chile. Los resultados del análisis permiten identificar como los SSEE y NCP se vinculan con las dimensiones de BHS, caracterizando a las Comunidades Portales. Este análisis permite concluir que, efectivamente, las APs tienen efectos en el BHS de las Comunidades Portales, aunque no son siempre positivos y dependen del contexto local. Muchas veces estos efectos no son percibidos de manera tan clara, existiendo factores externos que dificultan la relación directa entre el BHS de los individuos con la existencia de APs. No obstante, se reconoce que las APs cumplen un importante rol para la protección de la naturaleza y el paisaje.
Revisión bibliográfica efecto del cambio climático en los diferentes países de la región sudamericana
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Cantos Victores Arianna Lilibeth
Published: August 2023

El presente documento, centró su objetivo en realizar revisión documental enfocada en “analizar los cambios ambientales, especialmente climáticos, que se espera ocurra en los países de Sudamérica y, las consecuencias de estos en el desarrollo de las sociedades, desde una mirada holística en los efectos que puedan causar a los sistemas urbanos, agrícolas y forestales y su énfasis en los posibles efectos ecosistémicos y económicos asociados al cambio climático”. Para este ensayo se usó como método de recolección de información en fuentes bibliograficas .La importancia de esta investigación reside en que es valido reconocer que el planeta esta afrontando una crisis climática a escala global, por ello, se convierte en un desafío para la humanidad en el presente siglo, dado que, este es producto de un complejo proceso civilizatorio que no mira las consecuencias a futuro. Se trata entonces que las grandes masas que representan a los países en las llamadas cumbres sobre el cambio climático se posicionen realmente de los objetivos que vaya a favor de minimizar este flagelo; es educar a la sociedad sobre los efectos y consecuencia de no cuidar al planeta. Se concluye que, todos los gobiernos de Sudamérica deberán trabajar de manera conjunta, y articulada, contando con la información adecuada para una mejor toma de las decisiones, teniendo en cuenta otras opciones para mejorar la oferta de agua, como las aguas del mar, que buscarían cubrir las necesidades de las poblaciones, y de todos los seres vivientes.
Judicialização do direito à saúde, planejamento e políticas públicas: um exame do caso do município de Cajazeiras-PB
Authors: De Sousa Fernanda Soares , De Sousa Júnior Almir Mariano , Araújo Francisco Edmilson Dias , Paiva Cícero Otavio de Lima , Leite Francisco Fernando Pinheiro , Da Conceição Maria Regidiana
Published: August 2023

O fenômeno da judicialização da saúde nasce do distanciamento entre o que está previsto na norma e o que é efetivado na prática, mais precisamente da omissão ou violação por parte do poder público em não ofertar serviços de saúde de forma adequada a sociedade. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar como a falta de planejamento das políticas públicas pode contribuir para a judicialização da saúde no município de Cajazeiras-PB. O levantamento de dados ocorre a partir da análise de todos os processos judiciais distribuídos entre janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2019 contra o município e que tenha como pedido principal medicamentos, exames, procedimentos cirúrgicos ou insumos relacionados a saúde. Constatou-se que 95,90% das ações foram manejadas por pessoas consideradas hipossuficientes; as quais, em 72,27%, pleitearam medicamentos, exames ou insumos de baixo custo; tendo como os dois principais diagnósticos as doenças cardiovasculares e a diabetes, ou seja, doenças tratadas na própria atenção básica e; com relação ao motivo, pode-se verificar que o mais recorrente foi o fato do município não dispor de uma Relação Municipal de Medicamentos (REMUME) própria. Portanto, é fundamental o planejamento individualizado das políticas públicas de saúde, considerando a realidade de cada município para que se consiga efetivar os direitos da população por vias administrativas, minimizando cada vez a interferência do poder judiciário e o impacto financeiro das decisões no orçamento público.
Aquaculture and global value chain: bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer
Authors: Ribeiro Vinícius Souza , Ribeiro Jaqueline Boni , Rocha Hainnan Souza
Published: August 2023

This study aims to map and identify trends in the worldwide scientific production related to Global Value Chain (GVC) approach and aquaculture. A bibliometric analysis was employed using articles and reviews from the Scopus database. The software VOSviewer was used to visualize authors, institutions, journals, country distribution, references, and keywords. As results, the study analyzed the co-citation of authors in 29 publications and found that Gary Gereffi and Stefano Ponte were consistently cited together, indicating their importance in the GVC approach literature. Additionally, in the aquaculture field the analysis showed a greater centrality of researchers such as Simon R. Bush, David C. Little and Ben Belton. Five thematic groups were identified through bibliometric analysis of keyword co-occurrence in the literature. These include GVC and aquaculture topics, as well as clusters focused on GVC pillars (upgrading and governance). The last cluster is concerned primarily with production systems and certification standards for aquaculture farms. Additionally, we identified emerging topics in the literature that we believe could be connected to COVID-19. Finally, we argue that aquaculture needs significant changes in regulations, management and financing to be sustainable. In this sense, investigations that examine aquaculture value chains under a holistic GVC approach can help achieve this goal.
Efectos del fallo de la Haya de 2012, en el manejo ambiental del área marina protegida de la Seaflower
Authors: Restrepo Julián Andrés Álvarez
Published: August 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo Interpretar los efectos del fallo de la Haya en el manejo ambiental del área marina protegida Seaflower desde el Enfoque Dogmático Jurídico del Derecho , lo cual permite una aproximación al proceso que llevaron Nicaragua y Colombia ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia por el Diferendo Limítrofe del Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, a través del estudio directo de la Sentencia del 19 de noviembre de 2012 y de cada uno de sus acápites relacionados con: I). La demanda de Nicaragua, II). La Controversia en la Competencia de la Corte Internacional de la Haya, III). Las excepciones preliminares de Colombia, IV). Los efectos de la Sentencia de la Corte en la Gestión de la Reserva Biosfera Seaflower y V). Las responsabilidades de Colombia y Nicaragua para la Gestión Ambiental de la Reserva Biosfera Seaflower.
Among knowledge, affections, and regulations: an institutional analysis of brazilian education management during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cossul Danielli , Saraiva Eduardo Steindorf
Published: August 2023

This article presents an experiential account whose general objective was to identify the instituting movements in a public school located in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, south of Brazil, amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. Instituting movements are understood as responsible for the ongoing (re)creation of processes that challenge and reconfigure the institution within the context in which it operates. The specific objective is to identify the main challenges faced by school managers, as well as the strategies adopted to address them. The Institutional Analysis framework developed by Baremblitt was used to guide the field insertion analysis, which took place from September to December 2021. Four in-person meetings were conducted, lasting 60 to 90 minutes, in addition to social media contacts and interactions in different spaces within the school. The data were organized in a field diary, recorded, and transcribed with consent. Eight main challenges were identified, from which two analyzers were defined: i) bringing the school into the cell phone, which indicates that the boundaries between the public and the private gradually blurred, creating a new reality in which work and personal life became intertwined; and ii) multifaceted school management, which suggests that participatory actions arising from teamwork produce a kind of creative light to manage antagonistic experiences. It is concluded that the school faced work precarization, but the managers were able to overcome adversity through horizontal collaboration, clear roles, common interests, efficient communication, and lasting bonds among the professionals.
Future Projections of Rainfall for Tamil Nadu from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project- 6 (CMIP6)
Authors: Divyadharshini S. , Geethalakshmi V. , Bhuvaneshwari K. , Dheebakaran GA. , Karthikeyan R. , Thirukumaran K. , Karthick V. , Kumar S. Mohan
Published: August 2023

Precipitation is a crucial input for agriculture and living things in the world, which changes drastically under a warmer climate due to climate change. Hence, the study was carried out to project the changes in annual and seasonal precipitation based on the France Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM-CM6) model. In the present study, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six (CMIP6) datasets were used for two SSP scenarios: SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 and three-time slices for the future viz., near (2021–2050), mid (2051–2080) and end-century (2081–2099) and base period (1991–2020) dataset obtained from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) was used to compare with the future climate over Tamil Nadu. The result revealed that the highest positive mean deviations in annual (81%), SWM (21%), NEM (79%) and summer (163%) were observed in the projected precipitation under the SSP5-8.5 scenario during the Near, mid, near and mid-century respectively. For winter, SSP2-4.5 showed the highest mean deviation of 122% in the near century. According to the three future time scale simulations for the twenty-first century, annual rainfall is predicted to increase by 81% in the near future and 19% in the mid-century, while it is expected to decline by 1.5% at the end of the century under SSP5-8.5. In the SSP2-4.5 scenario, rainfall would increase by 1% in the near future, decrease by 30% in the end century and decrease by 30.5% in the mid-century. From the result, it is concluded that there would be an increase in heavy precipitation occurrences at the near, mid and end of the 21st century under both the SSP5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios. These findings might be helpful in framing future agricultural water management regulations to deal with threats from heavy precipitation and researchers to study precipitation changes at the global level.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Attributes of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Lalhriatzuali K. , Swaroop Narendra , Thomas Tarence , Mohanta Satya Ranjan
Published: August 2023

Research was conducted by using effective management application of Flyash, Azospirillum and inorganic fertilizer with objective to enhance the growth and yield of okra crop. The field experiment was carried out at the research farm of soil science and agricultural chemistry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Zaid season 2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 9 treatments replicated three times. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, fruits per plants and yield. Results showed significant differences on all parameters such that the best plant height with the most leaves, high number of branches, greater number of fruits per plant and highest yield was registered in treatment with the combination of Flyash 25 t ha-1, Azospirillum 2 kg ha-1 with RDF 100: 60: 50 kg ha-1 indicating that the synergy by Azospirillum, Flyash and fertilizers improved growth and yield. The results are based on one season experiment, therefore further investigation is recommended to substantiate the findings.
Health Systems and Social Services—A Bridge Too Far?
Authors: Glied Sherry , D’Aunno Thomas
Published: August 2023

This JAMA Forum argues that hospitals and health systems should not take the lead in programs to address social determinants of health and provides examples and reasons why.
From Bragg Peaks to Adaptive Fields—The Need for Evidence-Based Adoption of New Technologies in Radiotherapy
Authors: Sanford Nina N. , Parikh Simul D. , Spraker Matthew B.
Published: August 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the need for multi-institutional prospective randomized trials of new technologies in radiotherapy to improve the therapeutic ratio and safety of radiotherapy treatments.
Toward Kilogram‐Scale Preparation of Full‐Color Carbon Dots by Simply Stirring at Room Temperature in Air
Authors: Ma Yuanjun , Wu Lilan , Ren Xueyan , Zhang Yongqiang , Lu Siyu
Published: August 2023

Large‐scale production of full‐color carbon dots (CDs) at room temperature under atmospheric pressure will promote their industrial application. Herein, o‐phenylenediamine is used as a single‐precursor carbon source and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Kilogram‐scale CDs are obtained by stirring these reactants at room temperature in air for 30 min. After purification and acid treatment, blue‐, green‐, and red‐fluorescence CDs with photoluminescence peaks at 481, 539, and 625 nm are obtained with quantum yields of 21.76%, 27.12%, and 13.06%, respectively. Based on chemical structural characterizations, a reasonable formation mechanism is deduced, with blue, green, and red fluorescence arising from carbon nuclei stacked in conjugate planes containing fragments of quinoxaline, 2,3‐diaminophenazine (2,3‐DAPN), and protonated 2,3‐DAPN, respectively. High‐quality multi‐color and white light‐emitting diodes are successfully fabricated to demonstrate potential commercial applications in display and illumination.
Chiroptical Response Inversion and Enhancement of Room‐Temperature Exciton‐Polaritons Using 2D Chirality in Perovskites
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Lin Cheng‐Chieh , Murata Kei , Kamal Ahmad Syazwan Ahmad , Lin Bo‐Wei , Chen Mu‐Hsin , Tang Siyi , Ho Ya‐Lun , Chen Chia‐Chun , Chen Chun‐Wei , Daiguji Hirofumi , Ishii Kazuyuki , Delaunay Jean‐Jacques
Published: August 2023

Although chiral semiconductors have shown promising progress in direct circularly polarized light (CPL) detection and emission, they still face potential challenges. A chirality‐switching mechanism or approach integrating two enantiomers is needed to discriminate the handedness of a given CPL; additionally, a large material volume is required for sufficient chiroptical interaction. These two requirements pose significant obstacles to the simplification and miniaturization of the devices. Here, room‐temperature chiral polaritons fulfilling dual‐handedness functions and exhibiting a more‐than‐two‐order enhancement of the chiroptical signal are demonstrated, by embedding a 40 nm‐thick perovskite film with a 2D chiroptical effect into a Fabry–Pérot cavity. By mixing chiral perovskites with different crystal structures, a pronounced 2D chiroptical effect is accomplished in the perovskite film, featured by an inverted chiroptical response for counter‐propagating CPL. This inversion behavior matches the photonic handedness switch during CPL circulation in the Fabry–Pérot cavity, thus harvesting giant enhancement of the chiroptical response. Furthermore, affected by the unique quarter‐wave‐plate effects, the polariton emission achieves a chiral dissymmetry of ±4% (for the emission from the front and the back sides). The room‐temperature polaritons with the strong dissymmetric chiroptical interaction shall have implications on a fundamental level and future on‐chip applications for biomolecule analysis and quantum computing.
High‐Load Gemcitabine Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanoparticles as an Image‐Guided Tumor‐Selective Drug‐Delivery System to Treat Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ischyropoulou Myrto , Sabljo Kristina , Schneider Leonie , Niemeyer Christof M. , Napp Joanna , Feldmann Claus , Alves Frauke
Published: August 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a devastating prognosis without effective treatment options. Thus, there is an urgent need for more effective and safe therapies. Here, inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles (GMP‐IOH‐NPs) are presented as a novel drug‐delivery system for the selective delivery of extraordinarily high concentrations of gemcitabine monophosphate (GMP), not only to the primary tumor but also to metastatic sites. GMP‐IOH‐NPs have a composition of [ZrO]2+[GMP]2− with GMP as drug anion (76% of total IOH‐NP mass). Multiscale fluorescence imaging confirms an efficient uptake in tumor cells, independent of the activity of the human‐equilibrative‐nucleoside transporter (hENT1), being responsible for gemcitabine (GEM) transport into cells and a key factor for GEM resistance. Delivering already phosphorylated GMP via GMP‐IOH‐NPs into tumor cells also allows the cellular resistance induced by the downregulation of deoxycytidine kinase to be overcome. GMP‐IOH‐NPs show high accumulation in tumor lesions and only minor liver trapping when given intraperitoneally. GMP‐IOH‐NPs result in a higher antitumor efficacy compared to free GEM, which is further enhanced applying cetuximab‐functionalized GMP‐CTX‐IOH‐NPs. By maximizing the therapeutic benefits with high drug load, tumor‐specific delivery, minimizing undesired side effects, overcoming mechanisms of chemoresistance, and preventing systemic GEM inactivation, GMP‐IOH‐NPs are anticipated to have a high chance to significantly improve current PDAC‐patient outcome.
Simultaneously Achieving Multicolor Emission of Down‐Shifting and Up‐Conversion in Yb3+, Er3+ ‐Codoped Cs2NaGdCl6 Double Perovskites
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Yao Jiandong , Wei Qilin , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo , Zeng Ruosheng
Published: August 2023

Ultraviolet (UV) excited down‐shifting (DS) double perovskites with broad emission have potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting. However, discovering new materials and achieving multimode luminescence present significant challenges. In this work, a novel double perovskite, Cs2NaGdCl6 is synthesized, with sky‐blue self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission under UV excitation using a solvothermal method. By incorporating Er3+ ions into Cs2NaGdCl6, green DS and green up‐conversion (UC) luminescence are achieved under UV and near‐infrared (NIR) excitation. The addition of the sensitizer Yb3+ ion led to a significant enhancement of 21.5‐fold in DS red luminescence and 7.5‐fold in UC green luminescence. The color of both DS and UC luminescence in Cs2NaGdCl6:Yb3+, Er3+ is further adjusted from green‐dominated to red‐dominated, due to the cross‐relaxation process between Er3+ and Yb3+, Er3+ and Er3+, respectively. The combination of UC and DS luminescence, along with the ability to modulate emission color in rare‐earth‐based materials, opens new possibilities for high security anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Ultrasound‐Driven Piezoelectrocatalytic Immunoactivation of Deep Tumor
Authors: Wu Anbang , Jiang Lingdong , Xia Chao , Xu Qingqing , Zhou Bin , Jin Zhaokui , He Qianjun , Guo Jinxiao
Published: August 2023

Tumor heterogeneity makes routine drugs difficult to penetrate solid tumors, limiting their therapy efficacies. Based on high tissue penetrability of hydrogen molecules (H2) and ultrasound (US) and the immunomodulation effects of H2 and lactic acid (LA), this work proposes a novel strategy of US‐driven piezoelectrocatalytic tumor immunoactivation for high‐efficacy therapy of deep tumors by piezoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation and LA deprivation. A kind of US‐responsive piezoelectric SnS nanosheets (SSN) is developed to realize US‐triggered local hydrogen production and simultaneous LA deprivation in deep tumors. The proof‐of‐concept experiments which are executed on an orthotopic liver cancer model have verified that intratumoral SSN‐medicated piezoelectrocatalytically generated H2 liberates effector CD8+ T cells from the immunosuppression of tumor cells through down‐regulating PD‐L1 over‐expression, and simultaneous LA deprivation activates CD8+ T cells by inhibiting regulatory T cells, efficiently co‐activating tumor immunity and achieving a high outcome of liver tumor therapy with complete tumor eradication and 100% mice survival. The proposed strategy of US‐driven piezoelectrocatalytic tumor immunoactivation opens a safe and efficient pathway for deep tumor therapy.
Framework to develop an open‐source forage data network to improve primary productivity and enhance system resiliency
Authors: Ashworth A. J. , Marshall L. , Volenec J. J. , Casler M. D. , Berti M. T. , van Santen E. , Williams C. L. , Gopakumar V. , Foster J. L. , Propst T. , Picasso V. , Su J.
Published: August 2023

Data repositories using legacy data are needed to minimize research redundancy, enable knowledge synthesis, and optimize productivity and resiliency of agricultural systems. However, a framework is needed to develop an online searchable database to identify optimum systems for sustainable agricultural intensification and diversification, particularly for forages. Therefore, this paper outlines the development of a community‐driven forage database (Forage Data Hub) using legacy datasets encompassing multiple temporal and spatial scales and species to analyze system functionality and resiliency. Specific steps outlined included (1) developing minimum and preferred data requirements; (2) data standardization, structuring, and compilation; (3) creating a data thesaurus, data shapes, and data model; and (4) creating a web‐based system interface to facilitate database access. We demonstrate utility of curating these diverse datasets by quantifying forage system resiliency during extreme weather occurrences (relationship between standardized yields and yields during years receiving 25th percentile of the 30‐year normal precipitation) for three systems (monocrop annual, monocrop perennial, and mixed perennial) spanning 52,997 data entries (108 unique locations and 51 years). Overall, during low‐precipitation years, monocrop annual systems achieved 67% of their expected yield, while monocrop perennial systems achieved 93% and mixed perennial systems achieved 112% of potential yields. Therefore, diverse perennial systems were more resilient to climate‐related stresses compared to annual forage systems. Development of the US Forage Data Hub underscores the benefits of community‐driven data sharing and curation for a given commodity to provide system‐level sustainability assessments for identifying practices that promote ecological intensification and resiliency to climatic stochasticity.
Continuous‐Wave Raman Lasing from Metal‐Linked Organic Dimer Microcrystals
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Wang Kang , Ren Ang , Zhang Tongjin , Ren Shizhe , Yao Jiannian , Dong Haiyun , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: August 2023

Stimulated Raman scattering offers an alternative strategy to explore continuous‐wave (c.w.) organic lasers, which, however, still suffers from the limitation of inadequate Raman gain in organic material systems. Here we propose a metal‐linking approach to enhance the Raman gain of organic molecules. Self‐assembled microcrystals of the metal linked organic dimers exhibit large Raman gain, therefore allowing for c.w. Raman lasing. Furthermore, broadband tunable Raman lasing is achieved in the organic dimer microcrystals by adjusting excitation wavelengths. This work advances the understanding of Raman gain in organic molecules, paving a way for the design of c.w. organic lasers.
Sulfur Polymers as Flexible Interfacial Additives for Low Stack‐Pressure Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Martin Trevor R. , Teeter Glenn , Jiang Chun‐Sheng , Park Kyusung
Published: August 2023

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) fabricated using sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) typically require cell stack‐pressures in the range of tens to hundreds of megapascals to maintain effective interfacial contact and lithium‐ion mobility across the full cell stack. These relatively high cell stack‐pressures necessarily require additional cell components that reduce the delivered volumetric and gravimetric capacities of SSBs. This work has developed a novel sulfur polymer (polyS) that improves lithium‐ion conductivity in SSBs at low cell stack‐pressures, thereby directly targeting this technological limitation. Specifically, this work shows that polyS can be combined with the argyrodite Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) to form a stable composite SSE. By combining LPSC particles with a flexible additive that enhances interfacial contact at low pressures, this new polyS LPSC composite SSE material greatly improves ionic conductivity at cell stack‐pressures below 2.0 MPa in comparison to conventional LPSC composites. Furthermore, this polyS LPSC composite can be used to fabricate a full SSB that cycles reversibly at only 1.6 MPa. Finally, this composite SSE exhibits self‐healing behavior when combined with a lithium metal electrode, wherein lithium dendrites are oxidized to form passivating Li2S species that recover the cell from shorting.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Holden Communication Scale
Authors: Munis Özlem Bizpınar , Parlak Mümüne Merve
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The communication skills of individuals with dementia are affected even in the early stages of the condition. To date, there is no scale for the evaluation of communication abilities in Turkish‐speaking populations with dementia that can be used in clinical practice and research. The present study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Holden Communication Scale (HCS‐TR).

Materials and methods

The study was carried out with 141 participants (77 female and 64 male). Psychometric analyses were conducted to assess the internal consistency, construct and criterion validity, test–retest reliability, and inter‐rater reliability of the HCS‐TR. The Standardized Mini‐Mental State Examination (SMMSE) test was used for criterion validity. For the inter‐rater reliability of the scale, the two different caregivers of individuals with dementia were administered the scale separately at the same time. For test–retest reliability, 2 weeks later, the same caregivers who filled out the HCS‐TR the first time were administered to fill out the scale again. To test the validity of the scale, an item factor analysis was performed, and the correlations between the items and subsections were determined.

Results

The factor loadings indicating the adequate contribution of the scale items to the relevant dimension were within the 0.700–0.831 range. There were positive relationships between all the items of the HCS‐TR, and there was a significant negative relationship (r = −.842) between HCS‐TR and MMSE. The corrected item–total correlation values were found to be within the .676–.794 range. Cronbach's alpha values for the HCS‐TR subsection and total scores in the first and second measurements were found to be in the range of .718–.944. There was no statistically significant difference (p = .709) between the mean total scores in the first and second measurements.

Conclusion

The HCS‐TR is a valid and reliable tool that can be used for clinical and research purposes to assess the strengths and limitations of the communication skills of Turkish individuals with dementia.
Transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms related to liver metastasis with different blood supplies
Authors: Bai Jianan , Song Jinhua , Zhang Yang , Li Xiaolin , Yan Lijun , Hu Ping , Tang Qiyun
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Liver metastasis is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Transhepatic artery embolization (TAE) is the main local treatment of NENs with liver metastasis (NENLM). This study aimed to elucidate the differences between pancreatic and rectal NENLM with a discrepancy in blood supply.

Methods

A total of 32 patients with NENLM of different primary sites received 102 TAE treatments at our hospital. Clinical features, such as age, sex, World Health Organization (WHO) tumour grade and progression‐free survival (PFS), were compared between patients with pancreatic and rectal NENLM with different blood supplies. The total follow‐up time is 1–5 years.

Results

There were 12 cases with tumours originating from the rectum or pancreas, respectively. Other tumour‐originated sites included the duodenum (two cases, 6.25%), the thymus and lung (four cases, 12.5%), and the unknown (two cases, 6.25%). The average age of patients was 51.59 years, and 17 (53.1%) were men. WHO grade 1, 2 or 3 tumours occurred in three (9.4%), 23 (71.9%) and six (18.7%) patients, respectively. Hepatic tumour burdens of low (<25%), middle (25%–50%) and high (>50%) levels were found in 13 (40.6%), eight (25%) and 11 (34.4%) patients, respectively. There were more patients with hypervascular pancreatic NENLM than with hypovascular rectal NENLM (p = 0.005). Tumour shrinkage in all cases with NENLM was 50% with an objective response rate of 37.5%, disease control rate of 75% and PFS of 12 months. Disease progression (p = 0.09), tumour shrinkage (p = 0.07) and death (p = 0.19) were more prominent in the pancreatic NENLM group than in the rectal NENLM group. Progression‐free survival was not reached in the pancreatic NENLM group, which was more prominent than in the rectal NENLM group (7 months; hazard ration, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.76; p = 0.016). The main adverse events were abdominal pain (71.9%) and transaminase elevation (50%), which were more common in pancreatic NENLM than in rectal NENLM.

Conclusions

Transhepatic artery embolization treatment is markedly effective and safe for treating NENLM, especially pancreatic NENLM.
Decoding supplier codes of conduct with content and text as data approaches
Authors: Vandenbroucke Sarah , Kantorowicz Jaroslaw , Erkens Yvonne
Published: August 2023

This study analyzes supplier codes of conduct of multinational firms, with two main research objectives: (1) providing a description of supplier codes' content provisions, specifically focusing on the labor standards provisions included in these self‐regulatory policies, and (2) comparing code content across regions and sectors. To this end, the study uses hand‐coding and novel text‐as‐data techniques for content analysis of a large sample of 880 codes of conduct. Results show that a standardized list of labor rights is included in up to 90% of the aforementioned codes, regardless of the location or sector of the drafting company. Codes are drafted with a clear influence from internationally recognized standards, even though a minority of codes directly refer to international texts. However, the similarity of codes is limited as they differ in length and extent to which they elaborate certain topics. This latter aspect is correlated with the firms' location and the sector they operate in. The research demonstrates that European companies refer to the legal framework and international standards extensively, while American companies more often develop their corporate ethical values or focus on governance and their relationship with suppliers. It also empirically shows that companies evolving in reputation‐sensitive sectors are developing more specific codes including more detailed labor provisions.
Development of a novel 6LoWPAN‐based multipurpose sensor monitoring and notification system
Authors: Babayigit Bilal , Sattuf Hamza
Published: August 2023

In the area of wireless communication technologies, 6LoWPAN leverages the extensive capabilities of IPv6, even within the constraints imposed by resource‐limited devices, particularly within wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The integration of 6LoWPAN into modern solutions for implementing the IPv6‐based Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a sensor monitoring and notification system specifically designed for deployment over 6LoWPAN has been proposed. Multipurpose capability, scalability, and ease of deployability are the main features of the proposed system. Its architecture reflects the highest degree of flexibility and allows for a variety of use cases encountered in practical scenarios. In addition, a web interface has been developed as part of the comprehensive system architecture. This interface enables efficient management of the entire system and facilitates connection for new users and seamless integration of additional sensors. By encapsulating complex functions in a user‐friendly interface, the system promotes accessibility, convenience, and an enhanced user experience. The proposed system overcomes the limitations of current approaches, thereby creating new opportunities. The flexibility of the proposed system allows it to be applied to various use cases.
Cu−NHC Complex for Chan‐Evans‐Lam Cross‐Coupling Reactions of N‐Heterocyclic Compounds and Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Adhikari Bhupendra , Teimouri Mohsen , Akin James W. , Raju Selvam , Stokes Sean L. , Emerson Joseph P.
Published: August 2023

An efficient copper(II) N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex with an NCN coordination mode was optimized to catalyze the Chan–Evans‐Lam (CEL) cross‐coupling reaction of imidazole and other N‐heterocyclic nucleophiles with arylboronic acid. This air‐stable copper catalyst shows robust catalytic performance and tolerates a diverse array of functional groups on both the N‐nucleophile and arylboronic acid coupling partners in C−N bond forming reactions with up to 95 % yield. Formation of the Cu−NHC complex in situ generated similar catalytic performance for CEL coupling. Alternative metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Ru2+, and Pd2+) were also screened in the presence of the NHC precursor as CEL catalysts.
Investing for a Greener Future: Asymmetric Nexus between Green Finance and Renewable Energy Technology Innovation
Authors: Teng Chenmei , Wang Bingying , Ali Sajid , Nazar Raima
Published: August 2023

Green finance (GF) and renewable energy (RE) technology innovation (RTI) play a pivotal role in paving the way toward a low‐carbon economy. They hold immense potential to drive meaningful change and ensure a greener future for generations to come. In the present study, an asymmetric connection between GF and RTI is analyzed in the top 10 GF promoter economies. In the prior research, panel data approaches are utilized to achieve consistent results about the linkage between the variables. However, in this investigation, a novel “Quantile‐on‐Quantile” method is introduced that provides detailed, country‐specific insights into time–series dependence. In the findings, a positive association between GF and RTI in most economies at specific data distribution segments is suggested. Moreover, it is highlighted in the data that the degree of asymmetries in the relationships between the variables varies among countries, underscoring the significance of policymakers keeping a close eye on changes in GF and RE technologies.
How can needle ice transport large stones? Twenty‐one years of field observations
Authors: Matsuoka Norikazu
Published: August 2023

Downslope movements of 12 stones (10–27 cm in diameter) were determined from time‐series images for 21 years on a Japanese alpine debris slope (inclination 12°). The process of stone movements was analysed on the basis of frost heave and soil temperature records, with particular attention to the stone size transported by needle ice and the effect of climate change on stone movements. Soil heaving mainly due to needle‐ice growth occurred 24–85 times yr−1 with an annual maximum and cumulative amounts of 1.8–5.5 cm and 17–58 cm yr−1, respectively. Stones moved downslope at rates of 5–20 cm yr−1 (mean 11.7 cm), the velocity correlating with the stone size, although small stones with a height of less than about 3 cm do not reduce needle‐ice activity very much. On an assumption of a linear relationship between the two variables, needle ice can transport stones with a diameter of as large as 30 cm. Both annual mean air/soil temperatures and needle‐ice activity slightly increased through the monitoring period. Climatic warming may have raised the frequency of needle ice by shortening the snow‐covered period.
Cautionary case for radial forearm free flap use in trisomy 21
Authors: Peifer Sophia , Carey Ryan , Nisenbaum Eric , Leibowitz Jason , Nicolli Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

Background

The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is considered a workhorse for head and neck cancer reconstructive surgery due to its generally consistent anatomy, pliability, long pedicle, and accessible harvest location.

Methods

A 63‐year‐old male with trisomy 21 and recurrent midface basal cell carcinoma presented for surgical management. The patient underwent tumor resection including left infrastructure maxillectomy with ipsilateral rhinectomy. Preoperative Allen's test was normal; however, the planned osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap reconstruction was aborted intraoperatively due to aberrant vascular anatomy in the form of a diminutive radial artery branch. Reconstruction was instead performed with an anterolateral thigh free flap.

Results

The patient recovered well in the hospital and was subsequently discharged to his care facility.

Conclusions

Radial artery anomalies may be present among trisomy 21 patients making reconstruction with a RFFF not feasible, and thus preoperative Doppler ultrasound to assess arterial anatomy is essential in this population.
Effect of radiation absorption and chemical reaction on MHD‐free convective flow through a porous medium past an infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of constant heat flux
Authors: Ahmed Nazibuddin , Deb Dowerah Richa
Published: August 2023

An incompressible, electrically conducting, and viscous fluid flowing steadily and freely across a uniformly porous media that is partially constrained by an infinitely long vertical porous plate is studied in the present article. Additionally, chemical reaction and radiation absorption effects are seen. Here, a magnetic field of uniform strength is applied transversely to the plate, a normal suction velocity is imposed on the fluid, and the heat flux is considered to be constant. The non‐dimensional momentum and energy equations are solved using the method of perturbation. The problem has been analytically resolved, and several parameters, including the Hartmann number, porosity parameter, thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, and transport properties like the Sherwood number, skin friction, and plate temperature, are graphically represented. The current study reveals a spike in the radiation absorption effect causes skin friction to drop, but on the other hand, a contrary effect is observed for plate temperature. One of the notable findings of this investigation is that the Sherwood number increases as chemical reaction parameter influence increases.
In situ detection of human glioma based on tissue optical properties using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Li Kerui , Wu Qijia , Feng Shiyu , Zhao Hongyou , Jin Wei , Qiu Haixia , Gu Ying , Chen Defu
Published: August 2023

Safely maximizing brain cancer removal without injuring adjacent healthy tissue is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes. However, it is challenging to distinguish cancer from noncancer intraoperatively. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) as a label‐free and real‐time detection technology for discrimination between brain cancer and noncancer tissues. Fifty‐five fresh cancer and noncancer specimens from 19 brain surgeries were measured with DRS, and the results were compared with co‐registered clinical standard histopathology. Tissue optical properties were quantitatively obtained from the diffuse reflectance spectra and compared among different types of brain tissues. A machine learning‐based classifier was trained to differentiate cancerous versus noncancerous tissues. Our method could achieve a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 95% for discriminating high‐grade glioma from normal white matter. Our results showed that DRS has the potential to be used for label‐free, real‐time in vivo cancer detection during brain surgery.