bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraint-induced movement therapy following stroke: a commentary
Authors: Lamb Dawn , Hill James E , Santos Raquel
Published: December 2024

Over 113000 patients present with stroke each year in the UK, the societal cost of which is approximately £26 billion annually, with £20.6 billion attributed to care after stroke. Approximately 70% of stroke survivors suffer from impaired arm function, with recovery patterns heavily influenced by initial motor weakness. Constraint-induced movement therapy has demonstrated some potential in rehabilitating this dysfunction, when finger extension is preserved. Therefore, constraint-induced movement therapy is now recommended in national healthcare guidelines. Systematic reviews of constraint-induced movement therapy have varied in their sample groups, focusing on acute, subacute and chronic strokes, with varying delivery protocols. A systematic review was undertaken in 2023 with the aim of identifying the efficiency of constraint induced movement therapy in patients with preserved finger extension, as well as the optimum protocol for delivery. This commentary critically appraises the methods used in the review and expands on the findings in the context of clinical practice.
Migraine hurts: understanding the mental health impact of the condition
Authors: Quinn Andrea
Published: December 2024

This article follows on from the previously published article on the impact of migraine on mental health in the August/September issue of BJNN, in which the author discussed the complex interconnection between migraine and mental health, the triggers that can overlap and highlighted the wide-ranging impact that poor awareness of migraine can have on those living with the condition. In this article, the author augments this with the results from a recent survey, which formed the basis for The Migraine Trust's ‘Migraine Hurts’ awareness campaign.
Diagnostic Journey for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex—Interviews From a Clinical Trial
Authors: Hyde Carly , Shurtz Logan , McDonald Nicole , Pizzano Maria , Nelson Charles A. , Thiele Elizabeth A. , Kasari Connie , Jeste Shafali
Published: December 2024

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic condition characterized by both medical and neuropsychiatric diagnoses that emerge across the lifespan. As part of a clinical trial, caregivers of children with TSC were interviewed about their experiences navigating medical, school, and social services. Semistructured interviews (N = 20) with caregivers of children with TSC (27-60 months) were conducted upon exit from the study. The interviews covered topics related to experiences following diagnosis, interactions with providers, sources of information, and access to services and treatment. The main themes from the caregiver interviews included: (1) sources of information about TSC and treatment; (2) access to high-quality and expert medical care; (3) perception and diagnosis of TAND; (4) impact of epilepsy on daily life, intervention, and schooling; and (5) access to therapeutic services, compatible providers, and evaluations. Additionally, parents provided recommendations for other caregivers navigating their child’s early treatment following diagnosis. These results reflect the importance of current research priorities for TSC stakeholders, including implementation of existing clinical guidelines, improved access to TSC expertise, and coordinated and integrated health care.
Multi-parameter optimization of polarization gradient cooling for ⁸⁷Rb atoms based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Liang Changwen , Gao Shaojun , Liu Jixun , Wang Guochao , Yan Shuhua , Yang Jun , Zhu Lingxiao , ma xiaoxiao
Published: December 2024

Polarization gradient cooling (PGC) plays an important role in many cold atom applications including the formation of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and cooling of single atom. Traditional parameter optimization of PGC usually relies on subjective expertise, faces challenges in fine manipulation, and exhibits low optimization efficiency. Here, we propose a segmented control method that differs from traditional PGC process by expanding the experiment parameters from 3 to 30. Subsequently, the conventional timing optimization problem is reformulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), and the experiment parameters are optimized using a reinforcement learning model. With proper settings of hyperparameters, the learning process exhibits good convergence and powerful parameter exploration capabilities. Finally, we capture ~4.3×10⁸ cold atoms, with a phase space density of ~7.1×10^(-4) at a temperature of ~3.7 μK in ~14.6 minutes. Our work paves the way for intelligent preparation of degenerate quantum gas.
Measurement of breast artery calcification using an artificial intelligence detection model and its association with major adverse cardiovascular events
Authors: Rose Suzanne J. , Hartnett Josette , Estep Zachary J. , Ameen Daniyal , Karki Shweta , Schuster Edward , Newman Rebecca B. , Hsi David H.
Published: December 2024

Breast artery calcification (BAC) obtained from standard mammographic images is currently under evaluation to stratify risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in women. Measuring BAC using artificial intelligence (AI) technology, we aimed to determine the relationship between BAC and coronary artery calcification (CAC) severity with Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE). This retrospective study included women who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) within one year of mammography. T-test assessed the associations between MACE and variables of interest (BAC versus MACE, CAC versus MACE). Risk differences were calculated to capture the difference in observed risk and reference groups. Chi-square tests and/or Fisher’s exact tests were performed to assess age and ASCVD risk with MACE and to assess BAC and CAC association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk as a secondary outcome. A logistic regression model was conducted to measure the odds ratio between explanatory variables (BAC and CAC) and the outcome variables (MACE). Out of the 99 patients included in the analysis, 49 patients (49.49%) were BAC positive, with 37 patients (37.37%) CAC positive, and 26 patients (26.26%) had MACE. One unit increase in BAC score resulted in a 6% increased odds of having a moderate to high ASCVD risk >7.5% (p = 0.01) and 2% increased odds of having MACE (p = 0.005). The odds of having a moderate-high ASCVD risk score in BAC positive patients was higher (OR = 4.27, 95% CI 1.58–11.56) than CAC positive (OR = 4.05, 95% CI 1.36–12.06) patients. In this study population, the presence of BAC is associated with MACE and useful in corroborating ASCVD risk. Our results provide evidence to support the potential utilization of AI generated BAC measurements from standard of care mammograms in addition to the widely adopted ASCVD and CAC scores, to identify and risk-stratify women who are at increased risk of CVD and may benefit from targeted prevention measures.
Abalones at risk: A global Red List assessment of Haliotis in a changing climate
Authors: Peters Howard , Ralph Gina M. , Rogers-Bennett Laura
Published: December 2024

There is increasing awareness that marine invertebrates such as abalones are at risk from the combined stressors of fishing and climate change. Abalones are an important marine fishery resource and of cultural importance to Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. A highly priced marine delicacy, they are inherently vulnerable: individuals are slow-growing and long-lived and successful reproduction requires dense assemblages. However, their global conservation status is poorly understood. Using IUCN Red List methodology, we assessed the extinction risk to all 54 species of abalone (genus Haliotis). Of the 21 fished commercially for human consumption either now and/or in the past, 15 (71.43%) are classified as threatened, i.e., those identified as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Of the 33 unexploited species, only five (15.15%) are so classified, making exploited species over four times more likely to face extinction, underscoring the impact of fishing on abalones already confronting a changing climate. The highest concentration of threatened species occurs along the North American Pacific coast. Here six of the seven species have been exploited, yet despite years of fishery closures with exemptions only in Alaska and Mexico, all are categorised as threatened. Climate driven stressors have led to mass mortalities, with competition from sea urchins and disease, aggravated by harmful algal blooms. In Australia the picture is mixed despite robust stock management, with some regions experiencing mass mortalities from marine heatwaves and viral spread. Poaching has reached its apogee in South Africa, where organised criminal gangs have reduced the legal fishery of Haliotis midae, ‘perlemoen’ almost to a footnote, accompanied by widespread recruitment failure. In response, the authorities have focused on abalone ranching and stock enhancement. In Japan, with a long history of abalone fishing, wild stocks are routinely supplemented with hatchery-bred juveniles. Collaboration between restoration aquaculture and fisheries, including sea urchin control and kelp restoration, offers hope for rebuilding stocks against a backdrop of escalating environmental stressors.
Life expectancy and health care spending in South Asia: An econometric analysis
Authors: Dhungana Bharat Ram , Singh Jitendra Kumar , Dhungana Samrat
Published: December 2024

Affordable health care is often a result of increased government spending on the health sector. Out-of-pocket expenses remain the primary health care funding source in many South Asian nations. Lack of adequate public funding for health services, difficulty in obtaining health insurance, and high out-of-pocket costs can result in indebtedness, reductions in actual consumption, and decreased access to health care services. The study examines life expectancy and health care spending in South Asian countries. The life expectancy of South Asian countries is studied as a health outcome in relation to health care spending, gross national income per capita, and expected years of schooling. This study is based on secondary data from World Bank statistics that covers eight South Asian countries from 2000 to 2021, for a total of 176 pooled time series and cross-sectional observations. The data were analysed using econometric models, including the cross sectional dependency test, panel unit root test, panel co-integration test, vector error correction model, pair-wise Granger causality test, and Wald test statistics. The vector error correction model results indicate that health care spending, anticipated years of schooling, and gross national income per capita have a long-run association with health outcomes. Health care spending, per capita gross national income, and expected years of education have all greatly enhanced life expectancy in South Asian countries. An effective health strategy is necessary to increase people’s healthy life expectancy and well-being. To accomplish this, government may need to promote school enrolment to help people become more health literate and aware of their health outcomes. As a result, persons with more years of schooling have better health, higher levels of well-being, healthier habits, and ultimately, a longer life expectancy. This study will provide an important insight to policymakers in improving health outcomes through targeted and sustained health care spending in South Asia.
Towards responsible resource utilization: A review of sustainable vs. unsustainable reuse of wood waste
Authors: Agyemang Eric , Ofori-Dua Kwadwo , Dwumah Peter , Forkuor John Boulard
Published: December 2024

Abundant wood waste is generated globally, but the literature lacks a framework distinguishing sustainable versus unsustainable reuse practices. This gap hinders policy makers and stakeholders from effectively supporting responsible resource utilization. As such, this scoping review aimed to address this gap by evaluating wood waste reuse practices through ecological, financial, and social sustainability lenses. A comprehensive database search yielded 1,150 records, narrowed to 106 included studies through eligibility screening. Data on study details and sustainability factors was extracted without a formal quality appraisal. The protocol ensures a rigorous evidence-mapping approach. The findings revealed that sustainable uses included renewable energy, adsorbents, construction materials, and composting applications. However, toxic preservatives, uncontrolled emissions from burning, intensive harvesting impacts, and contamination risks from uncontrolled mulching perpetuate ecological, social, and financial challenges. Preventing contamination and managing sustainability trade-offs are key priorities. Research innovations, stringent quality control, and supportive policies are imperative to distinguish practices aligned with sustainability principles from those inadvertently causing harm. This review provides a comprehensive framework for making informed decisions to progress wood waste systems toward responsible resource utilization.
A comparative study of Venezuelan immigrants’ pre- and post-migration concerns for their children in the United States and Colombia
Authors: Alpysbekova Aigerim , Montero-Zamora Pablo , Soares Mary H. , Scaramutti Carolina , Sahbaz Sumeyra , Duque Maria , Bautista Tara , Garcia Maria Fernanda , Salas-Wright Christopher P. , Maldonado-Molina Mildred M. , Bates Melissa M. , Pérez-Gómez Augusto , Mejía Trujillo Juliana , Brown Eric C. , Schwartz Seth J.
Published: December 2024

Research suggests that forced migration may lead to cultural stress and psychological distress. However, little is known about immigrant parents’ pre- and post-migration concerns for their children’s welfare. The present study examined the concerns of Venezuelan parents who migrated to the United States versus those who migrated to Colombia, and whether post-migration concerns were related to cultural stressors, mental health, and cultural identity. A sample of 609 Venezuelan immigrants completed surveys and responded to an open-ended prompt asking about pre- and post-migration concerns for children’s welfare. Lack of safety was the most common pre-migration concern for Venezuelans in the U.S., whereas lack of food was the most common pre-migration concern for Venezuelans in Colombia. More years in the destination country since arrival were linked to heightened economic concerns and reduced worries about family separation. A positive link emerged between national identity and health-related concerns for children following migration. This knowledge can inform policies and programs to better support immigrant families as they navigate the challenges of forced migration.
Optimization of meropenem continuous infusion based on Monte Carlo simulation integrating with degradation study
Authors: Tien Nguyen Tran Nam , Binh Vu Ngan , Ha Pham Thi Thanh , Lan Dang Thi Ngoc , Cho Yong-Soon , Long Nguyen Phuoc , Shin Jae-Gook , Anh Nguyen Hoang , Quan Truong Anh , Tuan Do Ngoc , Tiep Nguyen Khac , Thach Pham The , Anh Nguyen Hoang , Hoa Vu Dinh
Published: December 2024

Objective

Meropenem degradation poses a challenge to continuous infusion (CI) implementation. However, data about the impact of degradation on the probability of target attainment (PTA) of meropenem has been limited. This study evaluated the stability of meropenem brands and the consequence of in-bottle degradation on PTA in different environmental scenarios.

Method

Seven meropenem generic brands prepared at concentrations of 1 g/48mL and 2 g/48mL in saline were examined at 25, 30, and 37°C over 8 h. A linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate degradation rate constant and potential covariates. In-bottle stability data was subsequently integrated as input for a deterministic and stochastic simulation using a published population pharmacokinetic model of critical illness. The impact of the degradation on target attainment at 98%fT>MIC was assessed.

Results

Time, temperature, and infusion concentration were factors affecting the stability of the meropenem solution for all products. The differences in the degradation of seven generics were subtle, so their simulated plasma concentrations were equal. Meropenem CI with 8 h renewal infusion achieved a higher PTA than the extended 3 h infusion, even at the highest degradation condition. The impact of meropenem degradation on PTA was minimal vis-à-vis the meropenem dose, patient’s renal function, and microbial susceptibility. Meropenem degradation reduced PTA by an observable magnitude in patients with augmented renal clearance and difficult-to-treat pathogens. Dose escalation up to 1.5–2g every 8 h could restore this reduction to the target 90% PTA.

Conclusion

Meropenem CI with 8 h of renewal infusion, considering stability even in tropical areas, was feasible to maximize the efficacy to difficult-to-treat pathogens.
Multimodal feature fusion-based graph convolutional networks for Alzheimer’s disease stage classification using F-18 florbetaben brain PET images and clinical indicators
Authors: Lee Gyu-Bin , Jeong Young-Jin , Kang Do-Young , Yun Hyun-Jin , Yoon Min
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent degenerative brain disease associated with dementia, requires early diagnosis to alleviate worsening of symptoms through appropriate management and treatment. Recent studies on AD stage classification are increasingly using multimodal data. However, few studies have applied graph neural networks to multimodal data comprising F-18 florbetaben (FBB) amyloid brain positron emission tomography (PET) images and clinical indicators. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of graph convolutional network (GCN) for AD stage classification using multimodal data, specifically FBB PET images and clinical indicators, collected from Dong-A University Hospital (DAUH) and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The effectiveness of GCN was demonstrated through comparisons with the support vector machine, random forest, and multilayer perceptron across four classification tasks (normal control (NC) vs. AD, NC vs. mild cognitive impairment (MCI), MCI vs. AD, and NC vs. MCI vs. AD). As input, all models received the same combined feature vectors, created by concatenating the PET imaging feature vectors extracted by the 3D dense convolutional network and non-imaging feature vectors consisting of clinical indicators using multimodal feature fusion method. An adjacency matrix for the population graph was constructed using cosine similarity or the Euclidean distance between subjects’ PET imaging feature vectors and/or non-imaging feature vectors. The usage ratio of these different modal data and edge assignment threshold were tuned by setting them as hyperparameters. In this study, GCN-CS-com and GCN-ED-com were the GCN models that received the adjacency matrix constructed using cosine similarity (CS) and the Euclidean distance (ED) between the subjects’ PET imaging feature vectors and non-imaging feature vectors, respectively. In modified nested cross validation, GCN-CS-com and GCN-ED-com respectively achieved average test accuracies of 98.40%, 94.58%, 94.01%, 82.63% and 99.68%, 93.82%, 93.88%, 90.43% for the four aforementioned classification tasks using DAUH dataset, outperforming the other models. Furthermore, GCN-CS-com and GCN-ED-com respectively achieved average test accuracies of 76.16% and 90.11% for NC vs. MCI vs. AD classification using ADNI dataset, outperforming the other models. These results demonstrate that GCN could be an effective model for AD stage classification using multimodal data.
Detecting anomalies in graph networks on digital markets
Authors: Skorupka Agata
Published: December 2024

The study examines different graph-based methods of detecting anomalous activities on digital markets, proposing the most efficient way to increase market actors’ protection and reduce information asymmetry. Anomalies are defined below as both bots and fraudulent users (who can be both bots and real people). Methods are compared against each other, and state-of-the-art results from the literature and a new algorithm is proposed. The goal is to find an efficient method suitable for threat detection, both in terms of predictive performance and computational efficiency. It should scale well and remain robust on the advancements of the newest technologies. The article utilized three publicly accessible graph-based datasets: one describing the Twitter social network (TwiBot-20) and two describing Bitcoin cryptocurrency markets (Bitcoin OTC and Bitcoin Alpha). In the former, an anomaly is defined as a bot, as opposed to a human user, whereas in the latter, an anomaly is a user who conducted a fraudulent transaction, which may (but does not have to) imply being a bot. The study proves that graph-based data is a better-performing predictor than text data. It compares different graph algorithms to extract feature sets for anomaly detection models. It states that methods based on nodes’ statistics result in better model performance than state-of-the-art graph embeddings. They also yield a significant improvement in computational efficiency. This often means reducing the time by hours or enabling modeling on significantly larger graphs (usually not feasible in the case of embeddings). On that basis, the article proposes its own graph-based statistics algorithm. Furthermore, using embeddings requires two engineering choices: the type of embedding and its dimension. The research examines whether there are types of graph embeddings and dimensions that perform significantly better than others. The solution turned out to be dataset-specific and needed to be tailored on a case-by-case basis, adding even more engineering overhead to using embeddings (building a leaderboard of grid of embedding instances, where each of them takes hours to be generated). This, again, speaks in favor of the proposed algorithm based on nodes’ statistics. The research proposes its own efficient algorithm, which makes this engineering overhead redundant.
Area under the ROC Curve has the most consistent evaluation for binary classification
Authors: Li Jing
Published: December 2024

The proper use of model evaluation metrics is important for model evaluation and model selection in binary classification tasks. This study investigates how consistent different metrics are at evaluating models across data of different prevalence while the relationships between different variables and the sample size are kept constant. Analyzing 156 data scenarios, 18 model evaluation metrics and five commonly used machine learning models as well as a naive random guess model, I find that evaluation metrics that are less influenced by prevalence offer more consistent evaluation of individual models and more consistent ranking of a set of models. In particular, Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) which takes all decision thresholds into account when evaluating models has the smallest variance in evaluating individual models and smallest variance in ranking of a set of models. A close threshold analysis using all possible thresholds for all metrics further supports the hypothesis that considering all decision thresholds helps reduce the variance in model evaluation with respect to prevalence change in data. The results have significant implications for model evaluation and model selection in binary classification tasks.
La eficacia del ABP en la experiencia universitaria
Authors: Navarro-Soria Ignasi , Berrutti-Acquadro Velentina Antonella , Aldeguer-Pérez Ana , Heliz-Llopis Jorge Ricardo , Delgado-Domenech Beatriz , Mañas-Viejo Carmen Rosa , Fernández-Carrasco Francisco , Lavigne-Cervan Rocío , Collado-Valero Joshua , Sànchez-Moreno Miguel
Published: December 2024

La sociedad actual avanza a gran velocidad en todos los ámbitos y, las demandas exigidas para participar activamente en ella, cambian de manera constante. Por lo que nos encontramos ante la necesidad, como sociedad, de dar respuesta a estos cambios. En el ámbito educativo, esta cuestión no pasa desapercibida, viéndose esta realidad reflejada en que, se requieren cambios metodológicos que aporte al estudiantado un aprendizaje significativo, que permita desarrollar las habilidades necesarias para formar parte de dicha sociedad. Por ello, hoy en día es notable el auge de nuevas metodologías que aportan estos beneficios al alumnado. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es comprobar la eficacia de una metodología activa, el ABP, en el ámbito universitario, concretamente en la asignatura de TFG. Se analizarán dos perspectivas: el rendimiento académico y el desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales, de 50 alumnos/as del grado en Maestro/a en Educación Primaria e Infantil de la Universidad de Alicante. Así, se ha dividido a este alumnado en dos grupos: aquellos que han trabajado ABP y los que no. Para ello, tras una revisión sistemática y un análisis de estudios previos, se realizó un cuestionario sobre diferentes aspectos. Se analizaron estos resultados según ambos grupos y se observó que había diferencias significativas en todo lo relacionado con las competencias socioemocionales. Sin embargo, no obtuvieron diferencias en aquella dimensión dirigida a medir el rendimiento académico.
Estudo comparativo da composição nutricional e análise da rotulagem de whey protein concentrado, isolado e hidrolisado
Authors: Oliveira Luisa Cordeiro de , Viana Carolina Carvalho Ramos , Francisquini Júlia D'Almeida , Silva Paulo Henrique Fonseca da
Published: December 2024

Com o crescimento do mercado brasileiro de nutrição esportiva, o whey protein, suplemento derivado do soro do leite, rico em proteínas de alto valor biológico, tem grande potencial de expansão. Informações corretas na rotulagem dos produtos são fundamentais para assegurar a saúde do consumidor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar as tabelas nutricionais quanto à composição dos constituintes, com ênfase nos teores de proteínas, as listas de ingredientes e as tabelas de aminograma presentes nas rotulagens dos produtos, a fim de verificar sua conformidade com a legislação. Foram analisadas as rotulagens dos suplementos whey protein dos tipos; concentrado, isolado e hidrolisado de 4 marcas nacionais, totalizando 12 amostras. Destaca-se que os produtos isolados e hidrolisados não diferem estatisticamente entre si (p0,05) em relação aos teores de proteínas. Já o whey protein concentrado, apresentou teores de proteínas significativamente menores (p0,05) que os teores encontrados para os suplementos alimentares hidrolisados e isolados. Apesar de atender à legislação quanto às informações nutricionais, observou-se falta de padronização quanto à rotulagem dos produtos, como por exemplo, ausência de uniformidade nas unidades de medida utilizadas. Dessa forma, evidencia-se a necessidade de uma legislação mais específica que estabeleça critérios para a padronização da rotulagem desses produtos, de forma a facilitar a leitura do consumidor e melhor compreensão das informações nutricionais.
Núcleos y bandas. Discursos gráficos sobre la planta libre
Authors: Folga Bekavac Alejandro Román
Published: December 2024

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la representación gráfica de propuestas de vivienda colectiva que se basan en el concepto de planta libre. Para llevar adelante esa reflexión se ponen en diálogo diferentes conceptualizaciones generadas por una serie de autores que han teorizado sobre la flexibilidad de la vivienda. Dichos autores distinguen dos estrategias para organizar una planta libre: concentrar los espacios de servicio en núcleos o estructurarlos mediante bandas lineales. Estas estrategias se ilustran mediante una selección de proyectos y obras, realizados en Europa entre mediados de la década de 1980 y fines de la década de 1990. Son propuestas reconocidas, pues han sido ampliamente difundidas en publicaciones disciplinares y han ejercido influencia en otros proyectos, tanto en el ámbito profesional como en la formación académica. El estudio de los casos seleccionados se centra en los recursos expresivos empleados en el dibujo de las plantas, dado que se trata de la representación que resulta más adecuada para comunicar los usos del espacio. A través del análisis comparado de los ejemplos, se concluye que algunos recursos son transversales y extrapolables a otros casos, y por ello permiten elaborar un discurso gráfico sobre la flexibilidad de la vivienda.
Os despejos como constituintes da zona crítica. Um exercício de reflexividade acerca da urbanização
Authors: Silveira Julia
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho propõe argumentar a hipótese do papel constitutivo dos despejos na urbanização da sociedade. A abordagem se dá a partir da concepção do fenômeno urbano de Lefebvre (1999) e seu entendimento da zona crítica, período que precede a cidade industrial no eixo temporal e espacial em direção à urbanização completa da sociedade. Determina-se que os despejos das ocupações urbanas auto produzidas expressam os momentos dialeticamente inter-relacionados da urbanização da implosão-explosão. Os processos de despejo estão conectados globalmente, respondendo às demandas de acumulação de banco de terras do capital financeirizado, ocorrendo através de narrativas justificadoras que legitimam a lógica da mercadoria. É estabelecida uma relação dialética de violência e necessidade entre as ocupações urbanas dos territórios periféricos e o capital financeiro imobiliário, a qual contextualiza os atos violentos de despossessão como busca por dominação frente ao poder coletivo das ocupações.
De jefes a jefas de familia. Titularidad de las viviendas del Plan de Vivienda Sindical en Uruguay
Authors: García Marrero Stephanie
Published: December 2024

En este artículo se presentarán resultados parciales de una investigación realizada en la Maestría en Construcción de Obras de Arquitectura de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo financiada, por el período 2024–2025, por la Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica dentro del proyecto llamado Géneras, enmarcado a su vez en el llamado de proyectos de Iniciación a la investigación. La metodología utilizada fue la entrevista colectiva a cooperativistas de vivienda y la aplicación de un cuestionario validado dentro del trabajo de tesis. Se aborda la relación entre la titularidad de las viviendas del Plan de Vivienda Sindical (PVS) y el género de quienes son titulares de las viviendas con el fin de visibilizar (o no) inequidades de género. Se encontró que, de las cuatro cooperativas estudiadas, todas tienen una mayoría de titulares de las viviendas de personas del género femenino, pero también hay algunas titularidades compartidas. En este caso, los cambios realizados por la Ley 19580 no han tenido mayor efecto, ya que las titulares eran las «jefas de familia» iniciales cuando se inscribieron como núcleo familiar y no ha existido cambio de titularidades en el transcurso de la construcción y ocupación de las viviendas.
The role of auditor assurance and internal control in company performance evaluation by non professional investors
Authors: Almilia Luciana Spica , Mustafida Nurul
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the preferences of non-professional investors regarding management disclosures for remediation of internal controls, whether financial statements with internal auditor’s assurance and external auditor’s assurance are more credible than those without assurance. Participants in this study include accounting and management students with knowledge of investment and capital markets, financial statement analysis, and auditing. The total number of research participants is 150 students. The results of the research on pervasive accounts show that (1) there is a significant difference in perceptions of non-professional investors regarding the credibility of financial statements, either without assurance, with internal auditor’s assurance, or with external auditor’s assurance; (2) there is a significant difference in the perception of non-professional investors regarding the level of material weakness of financial statements, either without assurance, with internal auditor’s assurance, or with external auditor’s assurance; (3) there is a significant difference in the perception of non-professional investors regarding the level of material weakness of financial statements, either without assurance, with internal auditor’s assurance, or with external auditor’s assurance; (4) there is no significant difference in the perception of non-professional investors regarding the desire to buy shares, either without collateral, with internal auditor’s assurance, or with external auditor’s assurance.
METHOD OF NOISE FILTERING IN GYROSCOPIC SENSOR SIGNAL BASED ON ADAPTIVE ALPHA-BETA KALMAN FILTER
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volkov D.M. , Saveliev A.N. ,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

To ensure flight stabilization of a multirotor UAV, it is necessary to process data from micromechanical sensors installed on board and convert them into control signals. During operation, the UAV is affected by many external and internal factors, which leads to the occurrence of noise in these
types of sensors. Noise has a negative impact on the operation of the device control system. The gyroscope signals, which are used to calculate the angular velocities and tilt angles of the vehicle, are particularly susceptible to noise. To solve this problem, the paper presents a method for cleaning the signal from a gyroscopic sensor for the differential component of the PID controller. The developed method is implemented as an interconnected adaptive system of two filters and allows for cleaning the original signal from the gyroscopic sensor from high-frequency electrical noise, vibrations caused by motors and resonant oscillations of the UAV frame. During the conducted field experiments, the signal/noise metric for the processed data reached a maximum value of 8,40 dB, which is significantly better compared to the 2 dB figure found in other scientific papers.
STOCHASTIC WENTZEL SYSTEM OF FREE FLUID FILTRATION EQUATIONS ON A HEMISPHERE AND ON ITS EDGE
Authors:   South Ural State University, Goncharov N.S. , Sviridyuk G.A. ,   South Ural State University
Published: December 2024

Deterministic and stochastic Wentzell systems of the Dzekzer equations describing the evolution of the free surface of a filtering fluid in a hemisphere and at its edge are studied. In the deterministic case, the unambiguous solvability of the initial problem for the Wentzell system in a particular constructed Hilbert space is established. In the case of the stochastic system, the theory of Nelson–Glicklich derivatives is used and a stochastic solution is constructed to quantify the change in the free filtration of the fluid.
ALGORITHMS FOR CALCULATING THE EIGENVALUES OF INITIAL-BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR A WAVE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION SET IN A GRAPH WITH VARYING EDGES
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Kadchenko S.I. , Ryazanova L.S. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: December 2024

The paper develops algorithms for calculating the eigenvalues of initial-boundary value problems for a wave differential equation set in a star graph with time-varying edge lengths. The change of variables helped to reduce the considered spectral problems to initial-boundary value problems with fixed edges. The obtained formulas were used to find eigenvalues for a wave differential equation set in a star graph with time-varying edges with any ordinal numbers. The formulas for calculating the eigenvalues will allow developing algorithms for solving inverse spectral problems set in quantum graphs with varying edges.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM FOR DETECTING DEFECTS IN GLASS INSULATORS BASED ON COMPUTER VISION USING A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH
Authors:   South Ural State University, Korzhov A.V. , Surin V.A. ,   South Ural State University, Cheskidova M.A. ,   South Ural State University, Lonzinger P.V. ,   South Ural State University, Safonov V.I. ,   South Ural State University, Belov K.N. ,   South Ural State University
Published: December 2024

The article presents an algorithm for detecting defects in glass insulators using computer vision. Insulators, which are key elements of electrical networks, are subject to various defects, such as
bubbles, chips and deformations. Such damage can significantly reduce the service life of insulators. In traditional production conditions, these defects are detected manually, which reduces productivity and increases the likelihood of human factor-based errors. To solve the problem related to manual control restraints, the authors developed an algorithm based on the use of a neural network. The main task of the algorithm is to automatically identify defects that have a significant impact on the mechanical and electrical insulation properties of products. The authors collected a data set for training the neural network and supplemented it with generated images to increase the sample of the location and shape of the considered defects. The paper describes in detail the steps of data preprocessing, including augmenting the contrast to increase the detectability of defects and reducing noise. Fragmenting is described to process defects of various sizes and shapes. Such fragmenting allows detecting defects of different sizes relative to the insulator size.
Continuing increase in the abundance of the Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) in Maritime Canada in the presence of White-nose Syndrome
Authors: F. McAlpine Donald , J.Vanderwolf Karen , Fehlner-Gardiner Christine , McBurney Scott , Washinger Darrian
Published: December 2024

Based on public reporting (mainly incidents of bats in homes and bats submitted for
rabies testing and health monitoring), the number of reports of the Big Brown Bat
(Eptesicus fuscus) in New Brunswick (Canada) has increased significantly over the
past three decades. Prior to 1990 this species was rarely encountered in the province.
From 2000 to 2013 the number of Big Brown Bat reports remained low but regular,
including during the emergence of the white-nose syndrome (WNS) epidemic and
subsequent endemicity of the disease in New Brunswick. From 2014-2020 numbers
of Big Brown Bats reported have risen markedly. The Big Brown Bat is now the bat
species most frequently encountered by the public in New Brunswick, although
the species remains rare in Nova Scotia and is as yet unrecorded on Prince Edward
Island. Establishment and initial increase of the Big Brown Bat in New Brunswick
pre-dates the introduction of WNS to North America. Recent increases may be a
continuation of a trend related to climate warming that was underway prior to WNSinduced declines in bat species in eastern Canada. However, we cannot discount
a role for disease-mediated competitive release in the current surge in reports of
the Big Brown Bat in New Brunswick. We also document aspects of the natural
history of the Big Brown Bat in the Maritimes, including maternity roosts, autumn
swarming behaviour, and first reported over-wintering by multiple Big Brown Bats
in underground hibernacula in the region. While the probability of being bitten by a
rabid bat in Canada is exceedingly low, the increasing abundance of the Big Brown
Bat in New Brunswick and its association with human dwellings throughout the year
may warrant increased public education and surveillance for rabies. However, given
the continuing persecution of bats, any such educational campaign must be coupled
with a strong message emphasizing the importance of bat conservation.
Diet of insectivorous bats from mango orchards, Cambodia
Authors: Sin Sopha , Meas Seanghun , Kheam Sokha , Khin Chandara , Norong Uk On , Thi Sothearen
Published: December 2024

Insectivorous bats play important roles in agricultural ecosystems by regulating crop
insect pests. However, bat diet composition in these areas remain understudied in
Cambodia. In this study, we captured and analysed the diet of eight insectivorous bat
species (Rhinolophus pusillus, R. shameli, R. malayanus, Hipposideros cf. larvatus, H.
gentilis, H. armiger, Myotis muricola, and Scotophilus kuhlii) from mango orchards
in Kampong Speu province. Eight insect orders were identified and quantified in the
collected faecal samples of these bats. Coleoptera was the most dominant in the diet
of H. armiger (100%), H. cf. larvatus (86.8%), R. shameli (86.2%), and S. kuhlii (84.5%).
Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Dermaptera were frequently consumed by
the remaining bat species. The combination of Coleoptera (49.2%), Hymenoptera
(19.7%), and Lepidoptera (17.7%) from the eight bat species represents 86.6% of
the total diet volume. This study demonstrates that different insectivorous bats
consume diverse orders of insects, and the observed dominant insect orders from
diets include many well-known agricultural pests, suggesting a critical role of bats as
biological control agents for agriculture management.
Molecular Docking Studies of Marine Sulfated Polysaccharides: Exploring Green Seaweed’s Role Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein
Authors: Herida Azalia Puspa , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti , Zainuri Muhammad , Sabdono Agus , Subagiyo Subagiyo , Wahyuningsih Candra
Published: December 2024

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is a virus responsible for the infectious disease of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), whose development is still being monitored. One way to deal with the virus’s development is by searching for natural-based medicines that prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. The abundant biodiversity can be used as a source of treatment. Among many natural resources, seaweed is one of the natural resources rich in bioactive components. Sulfated polysaccharide is one of the potential bioactive compounds in seaweed because it has antiviral effects and the potential to treat SARS-CoV-2. This research aims at increasing the potential of Karimunjawa green seaweed sulfate polysaccharides for antiviral capabilities in SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking. This research began with identifying the morphology of Karimunjawa seaweed. Identify the components of sulfated polysaccharide compounds based on literature studies according to the species that have been identified. Analysis of the antiviral ability of SARS-CoV-2 based on its binding ability to the SARS-CoV-2 target protein through a molecular docking computational program and testing drug compounds using the Lipinski rule. Based on the research results, it is known that the seaweed obtained from Karimunjawa based on morphology, belongs to the genus Kappaphycus. Molecular docking with a ligand and spike glycoprotein (6LZG) resulted in the hexadecanoic acid compound having a binding free energy of -5.3 kcal.mol-1, which was the compound with the lowest yield compared to other test compounds. The prediction of the physicochemical properties of all test compounds fulfills Lipinski's five rules and has the potential to be used as medicinal compounds.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TASKS AND USER EXPERIENCE LEVELS ON HUMAN-COMPUTER TRUST IN THE CHATGPT APPLICATION
Authors: Rizalmi Sigit Rahmat
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the role of user experience and task type on Human-Computer Trust in the ChatGPT system. The method used in this research is an experiment where respondents are asked to do mathematics, descriptive, translation, and programming tasks on the ChatGPT application. After completing each task given, respondents were asked to fill out the trust questionnaire that had been prepared. Respondents in this study were divided into two categories: novice and expert. The total number of respondents in this study was 32 respondents. The result of this research is that the level of user experience significantly influences human-computer trust in the ChatGPT application in Task 1, Task 2, Task 3, and Task 4. However, there is no significant influence from differences in the types of tasks on human-computer trust in the ChatGPT application.
A Prospective Efonidipine Efficacy Evaluation in Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients: The PERFECT Trial
Authors:   Zuventus Healthcare Limited, Zuventus House, Plot Y2, CTS No.: 358/A2, Near Nahur Railway Station, Nahur (W), Mumbai 400078, Maharashtra, India, Dewan Bhupesh
Published: December 2024

Background: Efonidipine, an L and T-type calcium channel blocker (CCB), is known for effectively lowering blood pressure and targeting proteinuria by balancing glomerular capillary pressure. There remains a gap in understanding how its clinical benefits and safety profile compare to other CCBs, particularly those targeting L and N-type channels. The present trial evaluated the effect of Efonidipine and Cilnidipine on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in hypertensive patients. Methods: A randomized, comparative trial was conducted from May 2019 to August 2023 in adults with hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg). The patients (n=1035) received one of the drugs daily for 90 days. The primary endpoint was the change in blood pressure with secondary endpoints including improvement in proteinuria, and safety assessment. Results: Both Efonidipine and Cilnidipine reduced blood pressure to a similar extent (Efonidipine, from 155.17 ± 10.38 to 132.92 ± 9.60 mmHg, p<0.001; Cilnidipine, from 154.75 ± 10.05 to 132.90 ± 9.47 mmHg, p<0.001) and maintained heart rate significantly lower from baseline (Efonidipine, from 83.5 ± 7.2 to 80.1 ± 6.3 beats/ min, p<0.001; Cilnidipine, from 83.3 ± 6.9 to 80.0 ± 6.8 beats/min; p<0.001). Efonidipine demonstrated a more pronounced reduction (from 151.45 ± 4.4 to 123.52 ± 3.9 mg/g Cr, p<0.001) in proteinuria compared to Cilnidipine (from 161.64 ± 8.9 to 152.10 ± 3.9 7.8 mg/g Cr, p=4240). An independent decrease in proteinuria relative to blood pressure reduction was observed with Efonidipine. Adverse events were similar between groups, with no incidences of peripheral edema. Conclusion: Efonidipine and Cilnidipine effectively controlled blood pressure and reduced proteinuria. The antiproteinuric effect was more apparent with Efonidipine. Efonidipine improves cardiovascular and renal outcomes and may be considered an initial treatment option in hypertensive patients.
Use of Biologic Medicine in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases; Effectiveness, Side-Effects and Loss of Strength in the Long Run, Then What?
Authors:   Marshfield Medical Centre-Weston, WI USA, Detroit Medical Center, MI USA, Magbri Awad , El-Magbri Mariam ,   Marshfield Medical Centre-Weston, WI USA, Detroit Medical Center, MI USA
Published: December 2024

The use of biological medicines has revolutionized the treatment of various chronic and immune-mediated diseases, offering improved outcomes in gastrointestinal disorders like ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), rheumatological diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and skin conditions like psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and eczema, among others. These therapies, often in the form of monoclonal antibodies or cytokine inhibitors, target specific immune pathways, providing relief where traditional treatments often fall short. While these drugs have transformed the management of these conditions, their long-term efficacy and safety present significant challenges, particularly with the emergence of subtle side effects, such as the development of new autoimmune diseases and neutralizing antibodies that render these drugs less effective over time.