bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra Low Power and High Efficiency Advanced Microcontroller Design using Amba Architecture
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad,India., Babu Dr.Moparthy Gurunadha , Rao Dr.Ch.D.V.Paradesi ,   Rtd.Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Kukatpally,Hyderabad,india., Rao Dr.Y.Raghavender ,   Professor& HOD, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Sultanpur,India.
Published: August 2019

The ARM Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) is an open-criterion, on-chip interrelate particle particular in favor of the association also the board of useful squares in framework on a chip (SoC) plans. It encourages improvement of multi processor plans through expansive quantities of manager as well as peripherals among a transport design. Seeing as its commencement, the extent of AMBA has, regardless of its name, disappeared a long way past microcontroller gadgets. Nowadays, AMBA is broadly utilized on a scope of ASIC along with SoC divisions incorporating requests processors utilized in current convenient cell phones like advanced mobile phones. The structure comprises of at least one CPUs, GPUs or flag processors, autonomous, to permit reuse of IP centers, fringe and framework full scale cells crosswise over differing IC forms, supporting superior and low power on-chip correspondence.
Active Safety with Traffic Sign Recognition System in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (Vanet) using Classifier Techniques
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, Dr.M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai., Rajasekaran T. , Eswaran Sumathi ,   Dean-Department of CSE/IT, Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai., Rengarajan A. ,   Professor, Computer Science and Engineering, Vel Tech Multitech Dr.RR Dr.SR Engg. College, Chennai., Ananthan T.V. ,   Professor, Department of CS, Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai.
Published: August 2019

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the major research areas where the researchers focus on Vehicle traffic prediction, efficient routing algorithms, security in vehicle communication, various QoS parameters and so on..Wireless technology is progressing faster with time. People are doing research these days generally in the field of Wireless communication. VANET is the most developing exploration territory in remote correspondence. With the headway and development of the VANET, there will be an incredible upheaval in the field of telecommunication regarding quick handovers, arrange accessibility, security, wellbeing with the utilization of cutting edge applications and so on. VANET innovation is progressing with the progression of time however there are numerous issues that must be routed to make the system more overwhelming. In perspective of aforementioned, in this paper we have proposed an effective mechanism for object detection in highways using Neural Networking and proving driver assistance to enhance the existing system to the next level as Intelligent Transportation System.
Design & Control of Low Cost Solar Tree for Optimizing a PV System
Authors:   EEE Department, GIET University, Gunupur, India,, Rath Arun Kumar , Nayak Gouri Sankar ,   CSE Department, GIET University/ Gunupur, India,, Jena Dr R.K. ,   EE Department, BPUT University, Rourkela, India.
Published: August 2019

This concept shows the design and control of a solar tree PV system for charging cell phones, supplying electricity for street lighting on open urban areas and charging of electric bike on the road side when the charge is decaying. Based on the above applications, a 7 feet height-tree was built. It has three section of branches, each branches contains 5 sub stem over which leaves made of acrylic with solar panels on the top (1.5 feet × 1feet) mounted. The energy storage capacity is 30 Amp. It has 2 USB ports to connect mobile devices and two 12V-300 W electrical outlets to connect those devices to the electricity. The solar tree was designed according to the environmental conditions of Gunupur, Odisha and for optimizing the output power a flow chart with programming developed. The result was compared with the C language programme. At the last, the PV system's availability to satisfy the energetic requirements was verified. Due to population growth and energy demands, the solar energy is the 2nd best source of non conventional energy which is cause pollution free in nature. By using the concept of the series and parallel connection of panel with the help of sub branch of the main stem the efficiency of the system can be improved. As compared to normal PV system in area point of view the Solar tree becomes more efficient. There is no systematic stimulation for usage of solar panels, purely relying on individual cases of installation on different types of objects. Solar tree may be very much helpful for creating awareness about solar resource. This concept elaborates the possibility of building a solar tree in GIET campus odisha, India, covering technical, social and economic aspects. Benefits and potential drawbacks are elaborated, while special emphasis is given to the specifics of its utilization due to the geographical position of odisha and corresponding number of sunny hours/days per year.
Decision Support System for Employees Enrollment using AHP and Promethee Methods
Authors:   Informatics Department, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia., Purnama Glenn R.R. , Hansun Seng ,   Informatics Department, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia., Kristanda Marcel Bonar ,   Informatics Department, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia.
Published: August 2019

PT Sumber Berkat Anugerah is one of the companies engaged in spare parts, vehicle accessories, home audio, and others. The stages of acceptance of prospective employees in this company are still manual, which causes problems, namely the time in the selection process for the recruitment of employees is quite long and the occurrence of human error during data storage. Based on the problems that occur, the HRD department requires a reception decision support system for new prospective employees who are expected to be able to correct the problems that occur and produce better and more accurate calculations. This system is designed and built using the AHP method which has advantages in determining priority weights and Promethee methods that have advantages in the alternative rating process. The result of this system is the rank of prospective employees sorted from highest to lowest. The system has been built and tested by comparing the results of manual calculations with the results of calculations generated by the system. Usability testing on the system uses the USE Questionnaire which can be concluded that the results of overall system user satisfaction reached 85.2%.
Prevalence of Type-II Diabetics Association with PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Central Region of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors:   Associate Professor. Department of Computer Science, St. Joseph’s College(Autonomous), Trichy-2., Arockiam Dr.L. , Sathyapriya S. ,   Ph.D Scholar, Department of Computer Science, St. Joseph’s College(Autonomous), Trichy, Jane V.A. ,   Ph.D Scholar, Department of Computer Science, St. Joseph’s College(Autonomous), Trichy, Kumar A. Dalvin Vinoth ,   Assistant Professor, REVA University, Bangalore.
Published: August 2019

Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease, however it may lead to other health problems such as blood pressure, heart attack, vision problem, slow healing sores to patients with arthritis etc. Diabetes disease is caused due to lifestyle, food habits, and low level of fabrication of insulin and pedigree factors of individual. According to the study, there will be 552 million people around the world will be affected by diabetes at 2030. This paper estimates the total populations of type 2 diabetes patients in the central region (Cuddalore, Thanjavur, Perambalur, Tiruchirappalli, Ariyalur, Karur, Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur, Pudukottai, and Karaikal) of Tamil Nadu. Diabetes patients have been diagnosed with the help of various parameters such as blood pressure, body mass index, dietary history, physical activity and pollution level in the air. The Honeywell HPm series particle sensor is used to access the PM 2.5, PM 10 levels in the air. Considering the air quality as a parameter, there are lots of illnesses caused by air pollutants and also cause additional problems for people who are already suffering due to disease. This review work provides the knowledge about the prevalence of type-2diabetes and it will help people to take precautions about diabetes disease and its risk.
FPGA-based implementation of intra prediction module for HEVC decoder
Authors:   LETI Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia, Kammoun Manel , Atitallah Ahmed Ben ,   College of Engineering, Jouf University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Published: August 2019

The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the new standard which is designed to support High Definition (HD) and Ultra-HD video cotenants. In HEVC, several new coding tools are adopted in order to improve the coding efficiency and compression ratio but with a significant increase in the computational complexity comparing to the previous standard H.264/AVC. In this paper, we focus on reducing the complexity of the most consuming block in the HEVC decoder standard which is the intra prediction module. In this context, we propose an optimized hardware architecture dedicated to support the 34 modes of intra prediction module considering 4×4, 8×8 and 16×16 block sizes. The proposed design exploits the symmetric property between horizontal and vertical modes. Hence, we implement a new hardware architecture that factorizes the same hardware resources for both directions which leads to save the hardware cost, the power consumption and the processing time. Furthermore, the different block sizes are implemented independently in order to avoid memory overhead while accessing to the shared memory. The implemented design using Xilinx Zynq-based FPGA platform can process in real time the Ultra-HD video frame of resolution (4096×2048) at 232 MHz. As well, the synthesis results using the TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology provide similar performance than our FPGA implementation. Finally, the HW/SW implementation of full HEVC decoder can process the decoding of 15 FPS in best case for 240p video resolution with a gain of 60% in power consumption.
EFEKTIFITAS VITALPAC EARLY WARNING SCORING SEBAGAI DETEKSI DINI PERBURUKAN PASIEN ACCESS BLOCK DI IGD dr. ISKAK TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Ahmad Zaky Soewandi , Soeharto Setyowati , Fathoni Mukhamad
Published: August 2019

Abstract : The prolongation of length of stay access block patients in emergency department (ED) can cause the risk of deterioration. Currently there is no study to prove the accuracy of any early warning system on a group of patient who are waiting for inpatient beds in ED. The purpose of this study was to validate the performance of detecting patient deterioration using  vitalpac early warning scoring (ViEWS) for inpatient beds in ED. This prospective, an observational study was carried out over 1 month in ED of Dr.Iskak Hospital in adult and older patient presenting to the ED. The VIEWS were calculated using the recorded physiological parameters of patient. Deterioration  were used as the primary outcomes. Out of a total of 75 access block patients, 24% of them had deterioration in ED. Result analysis from Test of Contingency Coefficient in this research represented that significant correlation between ViEWS value with deterioration of access block patients which is p-value <0,05. Comparative results in AUC represented that ViEWS had AUC value (0,967), sensitivity (0,889), specificity (0,965). The conclusion is the composite ViEWS was perform well in detection of early deterioration in ED.Keyword : vitalpac early warning scoring, deterioration, access block Abstrak : Memanjangnya lama waktu tinggal pasien access blockdi IGD dapat menyebabkan resiko perburukan. Saat ini belum ada penelitian yang dapat membuktikan efektifitas dari deteksi dini pada pasien yang menunggu rawat inap di instalasi gawat darurat (IGD). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas vitalpac early warning scoring (ViEWS)sebagai deteksi dini pasien access blockdi IGD. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain studi prospektif yang dilakukan selama 1 bulan di IGD RSUD Dr. Iskak Tulungagung.Skoring VIEWSmenggunakan parameter fisiologis pasien.Outcome utama dari penelitian ini adalah perburukan pasien access block dalam 24 jam.Dari 75 pasien access block, 24% diantaranya mengalami perburukan di IGD. Hasil analisis Uji Koefisien Kontigensi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara nilai VIEWS dengan perburukan pasien access block dengan p-value< 0,05. Hasil komparatif AUC menunjukkan bahwa ViEWS memiliki nilai AUC (0,967), sensitivitas (0,889), spesifitas (0,965) Oleh karena itu ViEWS efektif sebagai deteksi dini perburukan pasien di IGD.Kata Kunci : vitalpac early warning scoring, perburukan, access block
Impact of Female Literacy on the Development of Education among the Dimasa People of Diyungbra Block, Dima Hasao District, Assam- A Case Study
Authors: Bodo Mili
Published: August 2019

Literacy plays an important role in socio-economic development. Governmental efforts towards eradication of illiteracy also have borne fruit to a larger extent. In these days of cut throat competition no progress could be made unless the children are educated. The liberate women play an important role in the development of education. The problem of children can’t be solved unless efforts are made simultaneously to solve the women’s education.
Relevant to our study, it is found that the villages are situated in hilly area. The settlement pattern indicates that only Rajbari village is agglomerated and another four villages- Baraima, Chotowashiling, Prabdisa and Washibil are dispersed and isolated villages are non-existent. The study indicated that the sample villages are well connected with the district headquarters by public transport system.
Progress in educational sphere is noticed at least from the existence of L.P. School in all surveyed villages as well as from the figures of enrolment in the educational institution. The awareness towards educating the children is visibly noticed in case of Dimasa villages of the block. Drop out from the educational institution is still a problem in the villages under study. The study showed that drop out figure among the Dimasa students of illiterate mothers are more than the literate mothers.
We have come to know about the impact of many things in socio-economic development of Dimasa people through the survey of Diyungbra Block and it is found that female literacy plays a vital role in this regard.
It is seen from the surveyed villages, there is a lot of improvement in various field such as education, transportation and economy etc. as compared within some decades.
Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria
Authors: de Dicastillo Carol López , Patiño Cristian , Galotto María José , Vásquez-Martínez Yesseny , Torrent Claudia , Alburquenque Daniela , Pereira Alejandro , Escrig Juan
Published: August 2019

The search for and synthesis of new antimicrobial nanostructures is important to reduce microbial incidence that induces infectious diseases and to aid in the antibiotic resistance crisis, which are two of the most pressing issues in global public health. In this work, novel, hollow, calcined titanium dioxide nanospheres (CSTiO2) were successfully synthesized for the first time through the combination of electrospinning and atomic layer deposition techniques. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) electrosprayed spherical particles were double-coated with alumina and titanium dioxide, and after a calcination process, hollow nanospheres were obtained with a radius of approximately 345 nm and shell thickness of 17 nm. The structural characterization was performed using electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray diffraction evidenced an anatase titanium dioxide crystalline structure. Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies demonstrated the absence of polymer residue after the calcination process. The antimicrobial properties of the developed CSTiO2 hollow nanospheres were evaluated against different bacteria, including resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains, and when compared to commercial TiO2 nanoparticles, CSTiO2 nanospheres exhibited superior performance. In addition, the positive effect of UV irradiation on the antimicrobial activity was demonstrated.
GPS MATAVIMŲ TIKSLUMO, NAUDOJANT PIGIUS GPNS LUSTUS,
TYRIMAS IR VERTINIMAS
Authors: Ringelevičius Mantas , Popovas Darius
Published: August 2019

GPNS imtuvai, esantys mobiliuosiuose įrenginiuose, modernėja ir užtikrina vis didesnį tikslumą. Palankiomis
matavimo sąlygomis telefono palydovinė padėties nustatymo sistema užtikrina penkių metrų tikslumą, tačiau nepalankiomis matavimo sąlygomis pasitaiko tokių atvejų, kai atrodo, jog jūs esate visiškai kitoje gatvės pusėje. Dauguma mobiliuose
telefonuose esančių GNPS lustų gamintojų specifikacijose nurodoma, kad, nustatant jūsų buvimo vietą, palankiomis matuoti sąlygomis gaunama ne daugiau kaip 5 metrų tikslumo paklaida. Tikslumui padidinti naudojami duomenys iš kitų
išmaniųjų telefonų komponentų ir sensorių. Pavyzdžiui, naudodamiesi savo išmaniuoju telefonu naudojate tik GPS jutiklį,
tikslumas nebus pakankamai geras, siekiant geriausio rezultato. Buvimo vietos nustatymo režimas gali būti pakeistas, taip
bus naudojamas belaidis ryšus (WiFi), GPS ir mobiliojo ryšio tinklas bei kiti sensoriai. Nuo 2018 metų bendrovės „Google“
kuriama „Android“ operacinė sistema leidžia ne tik gauti GNPS lusto suskaičiuotą poziciją, bet ir užtikrina prieigą prie
„žalių“ matavimo duomenų. Tai leidžia vartotojui įrašyti matavimo duomenis (signalo sklidimo laiką, pseudoatstumus iki
palydovų ir kitą registruojamą informaciją). Tai atveria galimybes atlikti matematinį tokių duomenų apdorojimą ir pasiekti
geresnius (tikslesnius) sprendinius.
Elektromobilių tinklo plėtros modeliavimas geografinėmis informacinėmis sistemomis
Authors: Grigorjeva Eva , Sužiedelytė Visockienė Jūratė
Published: August 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos elektromobilių plėtros galimybės Vilniaus mieste. Transporto sektorius yra tiesio-giai susijęs su CO2 emisijomis, kartu ir su klimato kaitos padariniais. Vienas iš būdų, kaip valdyti neigiamą transporto poveikį aplinkai, yra tokios švarios transporto technologijos, kaip elektromobilis, integravimas į kasdienį žmonių gyve-nimą. Tai taps patrauklia ir patogiai naudojama alternatyva vartotojams, naudojantiems automobilius su vidaus degimo varikliais. Vartotojas, įsigijęs tvarią transporto priemonę, turi būti garantuotas, kad bateriją bus galima įkrauti mieste lengvai. Straipsnyje geografinėmis informacinėmis sistemomis sumodeliuotos elektromobilių įkrovimo stotelių vietos, įvertinant esamų įmonių Vilniaus mieste išsidėstymą.
OGLE-2018-BLG-1011Lb,c: Microlensing Planetary System with Two Giant Planets Orbiting a Low-mass Star
Authors: Han Cheongho , Bennett David P. , Udalski Andrzej , Gould Andrew , Bond Ian A. , Shvartzvald Yossi , Nikolaus Kay-Sebastian , Hundertmark Markus , Bozza Valerio , Cassan Arnaud , Hirao Yuki , Bachelet Etienne , Fouqué Pascal ,   (Leading Authors), Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hong Kyeongsoo , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Yee Jennifer C. , Jung Youn Kil , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Doeon , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radek , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Itow Yoshitaka , Kawasaki Kohei , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Li Man Cheung Alex , Matsubara Yutaka , Muraki Yasushi , Miyazaki Shota , Nagakane Masayuki , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Suematsu Haruno , Sullivan Denis J. , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tristram Paul J. , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Mao Shude , Wang Tianshu , Zang Weicheng , Zhu Wei , Penny Matthew T. ,   (The CFHT Collaboration), Beichman Charles A. , Bryden Geoffery , Novati Sebastiano Calchi , Gaudi B. Scott , Henderson Calen B. , Jacklin Savannah , Stassun Keivan G. ,   (The UKIRT Microlensing Team)
Published: August 2019

We report a multiplanetary system found from the analysis of microlensing event OGLE-2018-BLG-1011, for which the light curve exhibits a double-bump anomaly around the peak. We find that the anomaly cannot be fully explained by the binary-lens or binary-source interpretations and its description requires the introduction of an additional lens component. The 3L1S (three lens components and a single source) modeling yields three sets of solutions, in which one set of solutions indicates that the lens is a planetary system in a binary, while the other two sets imply that the lens is a multiplanetary system. By investigating the fits of the individual models to the detailed light curve structure, we find that the multiple-planet solution with planet-to-host mass ratios ∼9.5 × 10−3 and ∼15 × 10−3 are favored over the other solutions. From the Bayesian analysis, we find that the lens is composed of two planets with masses

and

around a host with a mass

and located at a distance

. The estimated distance indicates that the lens is the farthest system among the known multiplanetary systems. The projected planet–host separations are

(

) and

, where the values of a
⊥,2 inside and outside the parenthesis are the separations corresponding to the two degenerate solutions, indicating that both planets are located beyond the snow line of the host, as with the other four multiplanetary systems previously found by microlensing.
Fragmented Comet 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3
Authors: Graykowski Ariel , Jewitt and David
Published: August 2019

Comet 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3 has been observed to fragment on several occasions, yet the cause of its fragmentation remains poorly understood. We use previously unpublished archival Hubble Space Telescope data taken in 2006 to study the properties of the primary fragment, 73P-C, in order to constrain the potential fragmentation mechanisms. Currently the literature presents a wide range of measured rotational periods, some of which suggest that the nucleus might have split due to rotational instability. However, we find the most likely value of the rotation period to be 10.38 ± 0.04 hr (20.76 ± 0.08 hr if double-peaked), much longer than the critical period for rotational instability for any reasonable nucleus density and shape, even in the absence of tensile strength. We also find strong, cyclic photometric variations of about 0.31 ± 0.01 mag in the central light from this object, while similar variations with a smaller range are apparent in the surrounding dust coma. These observations are compatible with rotational modulation of the mass-loss rate and with dust having a mean outflow speed of 107 ± 9 m s−1. Finally, we also estimate the radius of the nucleus to be 0.4 ± 0.1 km accounting for dust contamination and assuming a geometric albedo of 0.04.
Solar Image Restoration with the CycleGAN Based on Multi-fractal Properties of Texture Features
Authors: Jia Peng , Huang Yi , Cai Bojun , Cai Dongmei
Published: August 2019

Texture is one of the most obvious characteristics in solar images and it is normally described by texture features. Because textures from solar images of the same wavelength are similar, we assume that texture features of solar images are multi-fractals. Based on this assumption, we propose a pure data-based image restoration method: with several high-resolution solar images as references, we use the Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Network to restore blurred images of the same steady physical process, in the same wavelength obtained by the same telescope. We test our method with simulated and real observation data and find that our method can improve the spatial resolution of solar images, without loss of any frames. Because our method does not need a paired training set or additional instruments, it can be used as a post-processing method for solar images obtained by either seeing-limited telescopes or telescopes with ground-layer adaptive optic systems.
Heuristic Description of Perpendicular Diffusion of Energetic Particles in Astrophysical Plasmas
Authors: Shalchi A.
Published: August 2019

A heuristic approach for collisionless perpendicular diffusion of energetic particles is presented. Analytic forms for the corresponding diffusion coefficient are derived. The heuristic approach presented here explains the parameter a
2 used in previous theories in order to achieve agreement with simulations and its relation to collisionless Rechester & Rosenbluth diffusion. The obtained results are highly relevant for applications because previously used formulas are altered significantly in certain situations.
Giant Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Chronic Lichen Planus on the Ankle - A Case Report and Short Literature Review
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Krönert Claudia , Schönlebe Jacqueline , Vojvodic Aleksandra , Lotti Torello
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common malignancy of skin. Although a major risk factor is a chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation, preexistent chronic inflammatory disorders may also possess an increased risk for SCC. That is not the case for cutaneous lichen planus in contrast to oral lichen planus and oral SCC. 
CASE REPORT: We report the case of an 87-year-old Caucasian woman presenting with a giant verrucous tumour on the left ankle. She suffered from long-standing disseminated lichen planus. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of SCC on partly verrucous lichen planus. The course was complicated due to sepsis. An emergency transfemoral amputation became necessary. The patients survived and could be released into her nursery. A literature review underlined the rarity of SCC on lichen planus of the skin. Most of these rare cases were in patients in their second half of life on the lower legs. Hypertrophic lichen plnaus was overrepresented.  
CONCLUSIONS: Although very rare by number, SCC can complicate lichen planus and lead to the life-threatening situation. Atypical verrucous lesions on lichen planus warrant a histologic analysis. Surgery is the treatment of choice for cutaneous SCC.
Genetic and epigenetic regulation of phenotypic variation in invasive plants – linking research trends towards a unified framework
Authors: Banerjee Achyut Kumar , Guo Wuxia , Huang Yelin
Published: August 2019

Phenotypic variation in the introduced range of an invasive species can be modified by genetic variation, environmental conditions and their interaction, as well as stochastic events like genetic drift. Recent studies found that epigenetic modifications may also contribute to phenotypic variation being independent of genetic changes. Despite gaining profound ecological insights from empirical studies, understanding the relative contributions of these molecular mechanisms behind phenotypic variation has received little attention for invasive plant species in particular.

This review therefore aimed at summarizing and synthesizing information on the genetic and epigenetic basis of phenotypic variation of alien invasive plants in the introduced range and their evolutionary consequences. Transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic modifications was highlighted focusing on its influence on microevolution of the invasive plant species. We presented a comprehensive account of epigenetic regulation of phenotypic variation and its role in plant invasion in the presence of reduced standing genetic variation, inbreeding depression and associated genomic events which have often been observed during introduction and range expansion of an invasive alien species. Finally, taking clues from the studies conducted so far, we proposed a unified framework of future experimental approaches to understand ecological and evolutionary aspects of phenotypic variation. This holistic approach, being aligned to the invasion process in particular (introduction-establishment-spread), was intended to understand the molecular mechanisms of phenotypic variation of an invasive species in its introduced range and to disentangle the effects of standing genetic variation and epigenetic regulation of phenotypic variation.
La productivité globale des facteurs : comment évaluer plus précisément « notre ignorance » ?
Authors: Daw Georges
Published: August 2019

Cet article traite du thème de la comptabilité de la croissance économique appliquée à la France. Exercice rétrospectif (pouvant revêtir une dimension prospective), celui-ci cherche à savoir quels auront été les poids des déterminants de la croissance. Dans sa version usuelle, ce cadre a de nombreux mérites mais ne permet pas toutefois d’aspirer à une détermination quantitative exhaustive des sources de la croissance. Cela est d’autant plus vrai que des hypothèses pourtant empiriquement plausibles que nous développons successivement puis cumulativement n’y sont pas considérées. Le poids de ces sources se retrouve alors fatalement dans le « résidu de Solow », mesurant « notre ignorance », mésestimant ainsi les véritables leviers de croissance. Cette contribution d’ordre économique, méthodologique et statistique portera sur l’année 2015 à titre illustratif. Le cadre comptable usuel ainsi complété, évalué et réplicable spatio-temporellement, y compris prospectivement, fournit un modèle d’analyse et de comptabilité raffinée de la croissance économique révélant l’obtention de contributions factorielles et de résidus de croissance différents de ceux que la pratique courante de la comptabilité de la croissance aurait fournis. Classification JEL : D24, O5, O40, O47, O49.
Aides publiques à l’efficacité énergétique
Authors: Quirion Philippe , Giraudet Louis-Gaëtan
Published: August 2019

En France, les subventions à l’efficacité énergétique sont nombreuses et variées. La plupart sont de type ad valorem  – proportionnelles au prix du bien ou service ciblé, comme le Crédit d’impôt pour la transition énergétique (CITE), la TVA à taux réduit pour la rénovation thermique des bâtiments, l’éco-prêt à taux zéro (éco-PTZ) et les aides de l’Agence nationale pour l’amélioration de l’habitat (ANAH). D’autres sont de type « spécifiques » c’est-à-dire indépendantes du prix de vente : le bonus automobile et le dispositif des certificats d’économie d’énergie. Nous fournissons une revue des arguments en faveur de chacun des deux types de subventions. Par rapport aux subventions spécifiques, les subventions ad valorem présentent quatre inconvénients : elles génèrent plus de dépenses publiques, distordent la qualité des biens, profitent davantage aux ménages les plus aisés et incitent davantage à la fraude. Cependant, les subventions spécifiques ne sont pas non plus sans défaut : la base fiscale doit être définie spécifiquement pour chaque type de bien et en cas de baisse inattendue du coût de production du bien subventionné, le prix de ce dernier risque de devenir quasiment nul.
Prescription of antibiotics among paediatric outpatients at Teaching Hospital-Jaffna
Authors: Thiyahiny S. N. , Sathiadas M. G. , Surenthirakumaran R. , Layanthini S.
Published: August 2019

Aim of the study was to evaluate prescription of antibiotics among paediatric outpatients at Teaching Hospital-Jaffna.It was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out among the paediatric outpatients in July and August 2014. A data extraction form was developed based on WHO data collection forms and was used to collect the data. Nine drug use indicators which include modified core and complementary WHO drug use indicators and indicators developed by the investigators were used to evaluate antibiotic prescription. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.Out of 1181 prescriptions of paediatric outpatients, 825 (69.9%) had antibiotics. Average number of antibiotics per prescription was 0.7. Percentage of antibiotics prescribed by generic name, from essential medicine list and for common conditions were 97%, 100% and 91.4% respectively. Percentage of prescriptions with the documentation of reason for prescribing an antibiotic was 97%. Only 3.4% antibiotic prescriptions were complete. Percentage of drug cost spent on antibiotics was 33.2% and average antibiotic cost per encounter was 54.34 Sri Lankan rupees. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic group was penicillins (53.3%). The most common indication for antibiotics was respiratory tract infection (70.3%). Majority of the antibiotics (74%) were prescribed in paediatric dosage form.Good prescribing practice was observed for prescribing in generic name, prescribing the antibiotic from essential medicines list, prescribing for common conditions, documentation of reason for prescribing and prescription of paediatric dosage forms. The completeness of antibiotic prescriptions was poor and needs special attention to improve. The drug use indicators are useful tools to evaluate the antibiotic prescriptions in a setting as well as among different settings.
A Negative Feedback Loop Regulates Integrin Inactivation and Promotes Neutrophil Recruitment to Inflammatory Sites
Authors: McCormick Barry , Craig Helen E. , Chu Julia Y. , Carlin Leo M. , Canel Marta , Wollweber Florian , Toivakka Matilda , Michael Melina , Astier Anne L. , Norton Laura , Lilja Johanna , Felton Jennifer M. , Sasaki Takehiko , Ivaska Johanna , Hers Ingeborg , Dransfield Ian , Rossi Adriano G. , Vermeren Sonja
Published: August 2019

Neutrophils are abundant circulating leukocytes that are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation in an integrin-dependent fashion. Contrasting with the well-characterized regulation of integrin activation, mechanisms regulating integrin inactivation remain largely obscure. Using mouse neutrophils, we demonstrate in this study that the GTPase activating protein ARAP3 is a critical regulator of integrin inactivation; experiments with Chinese hamster ovary cells indicate that this is not restricted to neutrophils. Specifically, ARAP3 acts in a negative feedback loop downstream of PI3K to regulate integrin inactivation. Integrin ligand binding drives the activation of PI3K and of its effectors, including ARAP3, by outside-in signaling. ARAP3, in turn, promotes localized integrin inactivation by negative inside-out signaling. This negative feedback loop reduces integrin-mediated PI3K activity, with ARAP3 effectively switching off its own activator, while promoting turnover of substrate adhesions. In vitro, ARAP3-deficient neutrophils display defective PIP3 polarization, adhesion turnover, and transendothelial migration. In vivo, ARAP3-deficient neutrophils are characterized by a neutrophil-autonomous recruitment defect to sites of inflammation.
Are you feeling threatened?
Authors: Davids L. M.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available
Croup : A primer
Authors: Klein Max
Published: August 2019

Croup is the single most common cause of death from airway obstruction, taking all ages into account. The patient’s general appearance is an extremely unreliable guide to the severity of the obstruction in croup and specific signs must be used in the assessment. Management is discussed. It is emphasized that chest physiotherapy is specifically contra-indicated in conservatively managed children with croup. But in children who have had artificial airways inserted for life-threatening airway obstruction regular intensive chest physiotherapy is essential.
Investigation into compliance with physiotherapy regimen in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Davids L. M. , Henley L. D.
Published: August 2019

A cross-sectional postal survey was conducted among 66 patients with cystic fibrosis and their parents to determine the nature and frequency of performance of chest physiotherapy, physical exercise and nebulization. Data were collected by means of structured questionnaires. Fifty-five patients received chest physiotherapy. Approximately 48% of these patients received physiotherapy once or twice a day whereas the remaining patients did physiotherapy only in the presence of a chest infection or once or twice a week. No sociodemographic or medical data were significantly associated with how often physiotherapy was performed. Three-quarters of the patients engaged in physical exercise. Fourteen patients substituted exercise for physiotherapy although more than half this group relied upon physiotherapy during respiratory infections. Findings suggested a measure of ignorance concerning the methods of chest physiotherapy. Of the 50% of patients who used a nebulizer almost one half were inadvertently nebulizing antibiotics before physiotherapy. Findings are discussed in the light of current controversies surrounding the efficacy of chest physiotherapy in the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
Corrosion in CO2 Systems with Impurities Creating Strong Acids
Authors: Morland Bjørn H. , Tjelta Morten , Dugstad Arne , Svenningsen Gaute
Published: August 2019

There are several proposed specifications for CO2 transport regarding how much impurities that can be allowed in the CO2 stream. Many of these specifications are based on health, safety, and environment (HSE) considerations in case of accidental spill, and only limited focus has been on the pipeline integrity. Previous work has demonstrated that many of the impurities that are expected to be present in CO2 captured from flue gasses may react and form corrosive species. The present paper studied impurity reactions and corrosion under simulated transport conditions (25°C and 10 MPa of CO2). An experiment was performed in a transparent autoclave which allowed for in situ visual observation. Chemical reactions between the impurities were observed even at very low concentrations (<100 ppmv). These reactions contributed to the production of nitric and sulfuric acid together with formation of elemental sulfur. Corrosion was observed on coupons of carbon steel, but not on stainless steels. The corrosion rate of carbon steel was low, but the amount of acids and solids (corrosion products) produced cannot be accepted from a pipeline integrity perspective. Further experimental studies are needed to determine specific limits for impurity concentrations in captured CO2 for transport.
Examining Primary Care Health Encounters for Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Stein Duker Leah I. , Sadie Kim Hee Kyung , Pomponio Amber , Mosqueda Laura , Pfeiffer Beth
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to identify perceived barriers and strategies to improve primary care encounters, as reported by adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), caregivers of adults with ASD, and primary care providers (PCPs) treating adults with ASD.

METHOD. As part of a larger mixed-methods design, adults with ASD, caregivers, and PCPs (N = 78) in Los Angeles and Philadelphia completed surveys examining barriers to care and strategies to improve care.

RESULTS. Multiple barriers to care were reported by adults with ASD and caregivers, including communication and sensory challenges. Adults with ASD and caregivers reported minimal use of strategies during primary care visits but indicated that those used were helpful during care. Expert PCPs reported using strategies more frequently than novice PCPs. All respondent groups endorsed that strategies had the potential to improve care in the future for adults with ASD.

CONCLUSION. Opportunities exist for occupational therapy collaboration in primary health care and primary care education to improve care for adults with ASD.
Adding value to Extended-range Forecasts in Northern Europe by Statistical Post-processing Using Stratospheric Observations
Authors: Korhonen Natalia , Hyvärinen Otto , Kämäräinen Matti , Richardson David S. , Järvinen Heikki , Gregow Hilppa
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The skill scores of the Extended-Range Forecasts (ERF) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are still quite modest for the forecast weeks 3–6 in Northern Europe. As there are known stratospheric precursors impacting the surface weather with potential to improve ERFs, we aim to quantify the effect of these predictors and post-process the ERFs with them. During boreal winter the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) affects the stratospheric polar vortex; the easterly (westerly) QBO often coincides with weaker (stronger) than average polar vortex. Consequently, the weaker (stronger) than average stratospheric polar vortex is connected to negative (positive) Arctic Oscillation (AO) and colder (warmer) than average surface temperatures in Northern Europe. We developed a stratospheric wind indicator, SWI, based on the previous months' stratospheric wind observations and the phase of the AO during the following weeks. We demonstrate that there was a statistically significant difference in the observed surface temperature within the 3–6 weeks depending on the SWI at the start of the forecast. These temperature anomalies were underestimated by the ECMWF's reforecasts. When our new SWI was applied in post-processing the ECMWF's two-week mean temperature reforecasts for weeks 3–4 and weeks 5–6 in Northern Europe during boreal winter, the skill scores of those weeks were slightly improved. This indicates there is some room to improve the ERFs, if the stratosphere-troposphere links were better captured in the modelling.
Using passive and active microwave observations to constrain ice particle models
Authors: Ekelund Robin , Eriksson Patrick , Pfreundschuh Simon
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Satellite microwave remote sensing is an important tool for determining the distribution of atmospheric ice globally. The upcoming Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) sensor will provide unprecedented measurements at sub-millimetre frequencies, employing channels up to 664 GHz. However, the utilization of such measurements requires detailed data on how individual ice particles scatter and absorb radiation, i.e., single scattering data. Several single scattering databases are currently available, with the one by Eriksson et al. (2018) specifically tailored to ICI. This study attempts to validate and constrain the large set of particle models available in this database, to a smaller and more manageable set. A combined active and passive model framework is developed and employed, which converts CloudSat observations to simulated brightness temperatures (TBs) measured by the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and ICI. Simulations covering about one month in the tropic pacific ocean are performed, assuming different microphysical settings realized as combinations of particle model and particle size distribution (PSD). Firstly, it is found that when the CloudSat inversions and passive forward model are considered separately, assumed particle model and PSD have a considerable impact on both radar retrieved ice water content (IWC) and simulated TBs. Conversely, when the combined active and passive framework is employed instead, the uncertainty due to assumed particle model is significantly reduced, essentially due to a compensation effect between bulk extinction at passive frequencies and radar reflectivity. Furthermore, simulated TBs for almost all the tested microphysical combinations, from a statistical point of view, agree well with GMI measurements (186.31 and 190.31 GHz), indicating the robustness of the simulations. However, it is difficult to identify a particle model that outperforms any other. One aggregate particle model, composed of columns, yields marginally better agreement to GMI compared to the other particles, mainly for the most severe cases of deep convection. Of tested PSDs, the one by McFarquhar and Heymsfield (1997) is found to give the best overall agreement to GMI and also yields radar dBZ-IWC relationships closely matching measurements by Protat et al. (2016). Only one particle, modelled as an air-ice mixture spheroid, performs poorly overall. On the other hand, simulations at the higher ICI frequencies (328.65, 334.65, and 668.2 GHz) show significantly higher sensitivity to the assumed particle model. This study thus points to the potential use of combined ICI and 94 GHz radar measurements to constrain ice hydrometeor properties in radiative transfer (RT), using the method demonstrated in this paper.
Low methane emissions from a boreal wetland constructed on oil sand mine tailings
Authors: Clark M. Graham , Humphreys Elyn R. , Carey Sean K.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. A 58 hectare mixed upland and lowland boreal plains watershed called the Sandhill Fen Watershed was constructed between 2008 and 2012. In the years following wetting in 2013, methane emissions were measured using manual, static, non-steady state chambers. The presence of vegetation with aerenchymous tissues and saturated soils were important factors influencing the spatial variability of methane emissions across the constructed watershed. Nevertheless, median methane emissions were equal to or less than 0.51 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 even from the saturated organic soils in the lowlands. Although overall methane emissions remained low, observations of methane ebullition increased over the three study years. As a ratio to the total number of measurements, the number of ebullition events increased from 10 % in 2013 to 21 % and 27 % in 2014 and 2015, respectively at the plots with saturated soils. Increasing metal ion availability and decreasing sulphur availability was measured using buried ion exchange resins at both seasonal and annual timescales potentially as a result of microbial reduction of these ions. Methane fluxes significantly correlated with the leading Principal Component of ammonium, iron, manganese and sulphur availability (r = 0.31, p