bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Innovation in the Undergraduate Architecture Studio
Authors: Krstikj Aleksandra
Published: March 2021

Social innovation has been gaining attention as an alternative method for defining socially constructed problems and their solutions in times of failure of more conventional methods. This study focused on the potential of undergraduate architecture students for social innovation in public space production. A novel collaborative educational method was proposed based on a conceptual framework of social extrapreneurs’ platforms of exploration, experimentation and execution, and problem-based learning. The method was designed for 90 h synchronous and 90 h asynchronous work, in a remote teaching mode. The benefit of the method was foreseen in improving the social processes of public space production, especially in areas with pronounced discrimination. Social innovation in planning is crucial for the capacity of imagining better futures in the context of a system’s evolutionary resilience and has the potential for democratization of public place design. Preliminary results show that the proposed method enables critical thinking, sets the base of action on social justice, and turns students into active agents of social change; thus, it provides an important contribution to the necessary, but still uncharted, paradigm shift in architectural education from an object- to people-driven design.
Determinants of Farmers’ Level of Interaction with Agricultural Extension Agencies in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremariam Yemane Asmelash , Dessein Joost , Wondimagegnhu Beneberu Assefa , Breusers Mark , Lenaerts Lutgart , Adgo Enyew , Ayalew Zemen , Minale Amare Sewenet , Nyssen Jan
Published: March 2021

This research identifies critical determinants for interactions between farmers and extension agencies. Cross-sectional farm household-level data from three hundred household heads were collected between September 2019 and March 2020 and triangulated with data from workshops with farmers and extension agents. The data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance and the ordered probit model. Farmers’ socio-economic characteristics significantly affect their degree of interaction with extension agencies. Recognition of the determinants of the level of farmers’ interactions can inform policymakers about how to formulate and improve the effectiveness of extension programs, enhance information and knowledge dissemination and facilitate development in collaboration with local communities by focusing on a better interaction between farmers and extension agencies. The level of a farmer’s interactions is based on a systematic decision-making process. Although personal and demographic characteristics are important, farmers’ interaction levels require conducive institutional and household assets, groups/social capital and access to extension agents’ contexts. These contexts will differ by household, country and region. Therefore, extension agencies should create and design contextually appropriate strategies for substantial interactions with farmers for the dissemination of farm information. This research is original and valuable in identifying the factors associated with the level of farmers’ interactions with extension agencies in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. It also provides a new pathway for operationalizing farmer-oriented agricultural extension policies and strategies and to help agricultural policymakers formulate extension service programs.
Graphs with Minimal Strength
Authors: Gao Zhen-Bin , Lau Gee-Choon , Shiu Wai-Chee
Published: March 2021

For any graph G of order p, a bijection f:V(G)→{1,2,…,p} is called a numbering of G. The strength strf(G) of a numbering f of G is defined by strf(G)=max{f(u)+f(v)|uv∈E(G)}, and the strength str(G) of a graph G is str(G)=min{strf(G)|f is a numbering of G}. In this paper, many open problems are solved, and the strengths of new families of graphs are determined.
Erratum: Tremblay, O., et al. Several New Putative Bacterial ADP-Ribosyltransferase Toxins Are Revealed from In Silico Data Mining, Including the Novel Toxin Vorin, Encoded by the Fire Blight Pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Toxins 2020, 12, 792
Authors: Tremblay Olivier , Thow Zachary , Geddes-McAlister Jennifer , Merrill A. Rod
Published: March 2021

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Liver-Derived Cell Transfection Model Efficacy for HBV Genotype B Replication/Transcription Is Determined by Complex Host Transcription Factor Network
Authors: Chong Roxanne Hui-Heng , Khakpoor Atefeh , Tan Theresa May-Chin , Lim Seng-Gee , Lee Guan-Huei
Published: March 2021

Background: Interaction between host transcription factors (TFs) and the viral genome is fundamental for hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene expression regulation. Additionally, the distinct interaction of the TFs’ network with the HBV genome determines the regulatory effect outcome. Hence, different HBV genotypes and their variants may display different viral replication/transcription regulation. Due to the lack of an efficient infection model suitable for all HBV genotypes, the hepatoma cell transfection model is primarily used in studies involving non-D HBV genotypes and variants. Methods: We explored the transcriptome profile of host TFs with a regulatory effect on HBV in eight liver-derived cell lines in comparison with primary human hepatocytes (PHH). We further analyzed the suitability of these models in supporting HBV genotype B replication/transcription. Results: Among studied models, HC-04, as a result of the close similarity of TFs transcriptome profile to PHH and the interaction of specific TFs including HNF4α and PPARα, showed the highest efficiency in regard to viral replication and antigen production. The absence of TFs expression in L02 transfection model resulted in its inefficiency in HBV replication/transcription. Conclusion: These observations help to better design studies on regulatory mechanisms involving non-D HBV genotypes and variants’ gene expression and the development of more efficient therapeutical approaches.
Multiple Early Introductions of SARS-CoV-2 to Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Engelbrecht Susan , Delaney Kayla , Kleinhans Bronwyn , Wilkinson Eduan , Tegally Houriiyah , Stander Tania , van Zyl Gert , Preiser Wolfgang , de Oliveira Tulio
Published: March 2021

Cape Town was the first city in South Africa to experience the full impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We acquired samples from all suspected cases and their contacts during the first month of the pandemic from Tygerberg Hospital. Nanopore sequencing generated SARS-CoV-2 whole genomes. Phylogenetic inference with maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods were used to determine lineages that seeded the local epidemic. Three patients were known to have travelled internationally and an outbreak was detected in a nearby supermarket. Sequencing of 50 samples produced 46 high-quality genomes. The sequences were classified as lineages: B, B.1, B.1.1.1, B.1.1.161, B.1.1.29, B.1.8, B.39, and B.40. All the sequences from persons under investigation (PUIs) in the supermarket outbreak (lineage B.1.8) fall within a clade from the Netherlands with good support (p > 0.9). In addition, a new mutation, 5209A>G, emerged within the Cape Town cluster. The molecular clock analysis suggests that this occurred around 13 March 2020 (95% confidence interval: 9–17 March). The phylogenetic reconstruction suggests at least nine early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Cape Town and an early localized transmission in a shopping environment. Genomic surveillance was successfully used to investigate and track the spread of early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 in Cape Town.
Quantitative Ascription of Sediment Discharge Changes of Two Highly Sediment-Loaded Tributaries of the Yellow River in China: The Importance of Selecting Rainfall Index and Timescale
Authors: Ma Xiaoqing , Shi Changxing , Peng Jia , Liu Wei
Published: March 2021

River sediment load has been changing conspicuously worldwide. The famous sediment-laden Yellow River in China has also had a declining sediment load in the past decades. This study made a quantitative ascription of the sediment discharge changes by non-parametric Pettitt test, rainfall and sediment discharge characteristic index calculation, correlation test, double cumulative curve regression and solving differential equation in the Huangfu and the Kuye basins in the main sediment sources of the Yellow River. The results indicated that: (1) The sediment discharge decreased significantly from 1956 to 2016, while the rainfall and rainfall erosivity only had a visible but insignificant decreasing trend. (2) Rainfall erosivity is better than other rainfall characteristic indexes in relation with sediment discharge. (3) The anthropogenic factor was the main driver for the reduction of sediment discharge with a percentage of 70.2–90.5% in different periods. The contribution of rainfall changes in flood season to sediment discharge reduction surpassed that in the whole year. (4) A percentage of 88% and 93% of suspended sediment yield reduction was attributed to streamflow reduction, and 12% and 7% to changes in C-Q relationship in the Huangfu and the Kuye basins, respectively.
Tidal Oscillation and Resonance in Semi-Closed Estuaries—Empirical Analyses from the Elbe Estuary, North Sea
Authors: Hein Sebastian S. V. , Sohrt Vanessa , Nehlsen Edgar , Strotmann Thomas , Fröhle Peter
Published: March 2021

Many tidal influenced estuaries and coastal basins feature tidal amplification because of, e.g., convergence and reflection. Increasing amplification rates were observed in the Elbe estuary, with consequences for construction measures, nautical manoeuvring, flood protection, riverbed morphology and ecosystems. Although many studies were conducted investigating the tidal wave transformation in estuaries, studies based on spatially well-distributed empirical data covering periods over more than a year are rare. To fill this gap, a self-developed adapted harmonic analysis method of least squares was applied to hydrographs from 25 gauges, distributed over the tidal influenced estuary from the river mouth to the tidal border which is given by the weir 160 km upstream of the river mouth. The investigation period for the harmonic analyses covers a whole nodal cycle of 18.613 a beginning in the year 2000. The tidal constituents’ oscillatory behaviour including the appearance of compound tides, generated by nonlinear shallow water processes, and the formation of reflection induced partially standing waves are determined. The tidal constituents show shared frequency-group specific partial clapotis, but also have significant differences in amplification within those groups. The latter fact contributes to the detected inverse proportionality of tidal range amplification inside the estuary to incoming tidal wave height. As reflection can cause resonance in tidal influenced rivers, tests are developed to analyse whether criteria for resonance are met. To determine the system’s specific resonance frequency, a new method was introduced with the three-parameter Lorentzian curve-fitting. As the detected resonance frequency is not close to tidal frequencies, full-established resonance of the tidal wave and of the tidal constituents is not observed in the Elbe estuary. Migrating nodes of the partially standing tidal wave hint at increasing latent resonance.
Groundwater Modelling in Karst Areas
Authors: Zanini Andrea , Feo Alessandra , Petrella Emma , Celico Fulvio
Published: March 2021

This Special Issue focuses on recent advances and future developments in the modeling (both conceptual and numerical) of flow and transport in karst aquifers [...]
Accounting for Uncertainties in the Safety Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams: A Probabilistic Approach with Sample Optimization
Authors: Segura Rocio L. , Miquel Benjamin , Paultre Patrick , Padgett Jamie E.
Published: March 2021

Important advances have been made in the methodologies for assessing the safety of dams, resulting in the review and modification of design guidelines. Many existing dams fail to meet these revised criteria, and structural rehabilitation to achieve the updated standards may be costly and difficult. To this end, probabilistic methods have emerged as a promising alternative and constitute the basis of more adequate procedures of design and assessment. However, such methods, in addition to being computationally expensive, can produce very different solutions, depending on the input parameters, which can greatly influence the final results. Addressing the existing challenges of these procedures to analyze the stability of concrete dams, this study proposes a probabilistic-based methodology for assessing the safety of dams under usual, unusual, and extreme loading conditions. The proposed procedure allows the analysis to be updated while avoiding unnecessary simulation runs by classifying the load cases according to the annual probability of exceedance and by using an efficient progressive sampling strategy. In addition, a variance-based global sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the parameters most affecting the dam stability, and the parameter ranges that meet the safety guidelines are formulated. It is observed that the proposed methodology is more robust, more computationally efficient, and more easily interpretable than conventional methods.
Study on Ecological Threshold of Groundwater in Typical Salinization Area of Qian’an County
Authors: Qi Zhiwei , Xiao Changlai , Wang Ge , Liang Xiujuan
Published: March 2021

A suitable groundwater level is an important condition to maintain the stability of the vegetation community, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The surface of Qian’an County in Western Jilin Province is often accompanied by salinization due to the influence of natural and human factors. In order to maintain the healthy development of ecological vegetation and reduce the risk of soil salinization, the concept of an ecological threshold of groundwater level is proposed, and two methods are used to determine the reasonable ecological threshold of groundwater. (1) Based on field investigation and indoor experiment, the data layer of soil texture, land use type and groundwater mineralization degree in the research area was established by using remote sensing technology and GIS technology. According to the thickness of vegetation root layer and the height of capillary rise of different soil and water types, the influence of groundwater salinity is considered, and the sum of the two is taken as the ecological threshold of groundwater in the study area. The reasonable threshold value of suitable growth of various vegetation crops is 3.76~5.66 m. (2) According to the relationship between the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and the groundwater buried depth and phreatic salt, the groundwater buried depth and the mineralization degree under the best vegetation cover are analyzed as follows: the buried depth of groundwater is between 4.8 m and 6.1 m, and the salinity of groundwater is between 0.37 and 1.25 g/L, which are reasonable groundwater properties in the study area of the ecological threshold. This result not only enriches and broadens the content of groundwater research, but also helps to predict the prospect of water resource development.
Water Quality and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Some Karst Water Sources in Apuseni Mountains, Romania
Authors: Hoaghia Maria-Alexandra , Moldovan Ana , Kovacs Eniko , Mirea Ionut , Kenesz Marius , Brad Traian , Cadar Oana , Micle Valer , Levei Erika , Moldovan Oana
Published: March 2021

Human activities and natural factors determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwaters and their use as drinking water. This study assesses the hydrogeochemical characteristics of 14 karst water sources in the Apuseni Mountains (NW Romania) and their potential use as drinking water sources. As shown by the Durov and by the Piper diagrams, the chemical composition of the waters is typical of karst waters as it is dominated by HCO3− and Ca2+, having a circumneutral to alkaline pH and total dissolved solids ranging between 131 and 1092 mg L−1. The relation between the major ions revealed that dissolution is the main process contributing to the water chemistry. Limestone and dolostone are the main Ca and Mg sources, while halite is the main Na and Cl source. The Gibbs diagram confirmed the rock dominance of the water chemistry. The groundwater quality index (GWQI) showed that the waters are of excellent quality, except for two waters that displayed medium and good quality status. The quality of the studied karst waters is influenced by the geological characteristics, mainly by the water–rock interaction and, to a more limited extent, by anthropogenic activities. The investigated karst waters could be exploited as drinking water resources in the study area. The results of the present study highlight the importance of karst waters in the context of good-quality water shortage but also the vulnerability of this resource to anthropogenic influences.
Changes in Pelagic Fish Community Composition, Abundance, and Biomass along a Productivity Gradient in Subtropical Lakes
Authors: Yu Jinlei , Zhen Wei , Kong Lingyang , He Hu , Zhang Yongdong , Yang Xiangdong , Chen Feizhou , Zhang Min , Liu Zhengwen , Jeppesen Erik
Published: March 2021

How fish communities change with eutrophication in temperate lakes is well documented, while only a few studies are available from subtropical lakes. We investigate the fish community structure in 36 lakes located in the Yangtze River basin, covering a wide nutrient gradient. We found that fish species richness and total fish catch per unit effort (CPUE) increased significantly with chlorophyll a (Chla). Among the different feeding types, the proportion of zooplanktivores increased significantly with Chla, while the percentage of omnibenthivores showed no obvious changes; the CPUE of piscivorous Culter spp. increased with Chla, while their proportion of total catch decreased pronouncedly. Based on the index of relative importance (IRI), the most important and dominant fish species was the zooplanktivorous Sijiao (Toxabramis swinhonis), followed by the omniplanktivorous sharpbelly (Hemiculter leucisculus) and the omnibenthivorous crucian carp (Carassius carassius), a small-sized species belonging to the Cyprinidae family. The CPUE of these three species increased significantly with Chla. The focus has, so far, been directed at large fish, but as emphasized by our results, the abundant small fish species were dominant in our subtropical study lakes even in terms of biomass, and, accordingly, we recommend that more attention be paid to the population dynamics of these species in the future.
BREEDS COMPOSITION IN THE BREEDING MEAT CATTLE BREEDING IN RUSSIA
Authors: БОГОЛЮБОВА Л.П. , НИКИТИНА С.В. , МАТВЕЕВА Е.А. , ТЯПУГИН Е.Е.
Published: March 2021

Изучен породный состав и численность племенного скота мясного направления продуктивности в Российской Федерации. На долю мясных пород в мире приходится 40%  от всего поголовья крупного рогатого скота. В России специализированное мясное скотоводство как самостоятельную отрасль животноводства начали создавать в начале 30-х годов прошлого века. На современном этапе в нашей стране разводят 12 пород крупного рогатого скота мясного направления продуктивности. К наиболее многочисленным относят абердин ангусскую, калмыцкую, герефордскую и казахскую белоголовую. Относительная численность животных этих пород составляет около 97% от всего поголовья скота мясного направления продуктивности. Лимузинская, галловейская, обрак, шаролезская, салерс имеют небольшой удельный вес, и совсем незначительный — у таких пород, как симментальская мясная, русская комолая и бланк-блю бельж. Территориальные и климатические особенности России позволяют в настоящее время заниматься мясным скотоводством в 59 регионах во всех федеральных округах. В 2000 году разводили 9 пород в 7 округах с численностью племенных животных около 82 тыс. голов. В 2019 году поголовье племенного мясного скота составило более 359 тыс., принадлежащих 12 породам, что в 4,4 раза больше по сравнению с 2000 годом.

The article discusses the breed composition and number of breeding cattle for meat production in the Russian Federation. There are thousands of different breeds in the world, but only a few dozen are classified as meat. The share of beef cattle in the world accounts for 40% of the livestock, respectively 60% are dairy cattle. In Russia, specialized beef cattle breeding as an independent branch of animal husbandry began to be created in the early 30s of the last century. At the present stage, 12 breeds are bred in the beef cattle breeding of our country. Numerous breeds include Aberdeen Angus, Kalmyk, Hereford and Kazakh white-headed. The relative number of these breeds is about 97% of animals in the meat production direction. The rest of the breeds (Limousine, Galloway, Obrak, Charolais and Salers) have a lower specific weight. It is necessary to distinguish breeds with an insignificant specific gravity - these are Simmental meat, Russian hornless and blank-blue belge. The territorial and climatic features of Russia currently allow for beef cattle breeding in 59 regions in all federal districts. In 2000, 9 breeds were bred in 7 districts with about 82 thousand breeding animals. In 2019, the number of pedigree beef cattle amounted to more than 359 thousand heads belonging to 12 breeds, which is 4.4 times more than in 2000.
REVIEW OF ROBOTIC FEEDING SYSTEMS AND PORTABLE SPECTROMETERS FOR FEED QUALITY INSPECTION
Authors: БЛАГОВ Д.А. , МИРОНОВА И.В. , МИТРОФАНОВ С.В. , ПАНФЕРОВ Н.С. , ТЕТЕРИН В.С.
Published: March 2021

Рассмотрен вопрос роботизации кормления молочного скота, а также контроль качества кормов при помощи спектральных анализаторов Фурье. Детально изучены системы кормления от разных производителей. Выявлены конструктивные различия роботов и принципы их действия. Самоходные роботы с органами загрузки кормовых компонентов позволяют обойтись без дополнительных подсобных помещений и ряда оборудования, которое осуществляет взвешивание и погрузку кормов. Исследованы машины для пододвигания корма и их конструкторские различия. Они имеют 2 типа рабочих органов: шнековый механизм и за счет вращения корпуса. Рассмотрен вопрос по контролю качества кормов. Анализ российского рынка аналитических приборов для проведения экспресс-анализа качества кормов показал, что на данный момент существуют 2 итальянские фирмы, специализирующиеся на выпуске таких устройств. Установлено, что они работают по принципу спектрометрии и позволяют определять в кормах 7 показателей — сухое вещество, сырой протеин, сырой жир, крахмал, золу, кислотно-детергентную и нейтрально-детергентную клетчатку. Полученные от приборов данные можно сохранить на флэш накопителе. Их применение позволяет оперативно решать задачи по оптимизации рационов коров, а также применять анализаторы во время кормозаготовительных работ для отслеживания изменений, протекающих в заготовленных кормах.

The issues of robotization of dairy cattle feeding and fodder quality control with the use of Fourier spectrum analyzers have been discussed. Feeding systems by different manufacturing companies have been studied in detail.  Differences in design of robots and their operating principles have been found. Self-propelled robots equipped with devices for loading feed ingredients eliminate the need for additional utility space and a number of devices for weighing and loading feed. Robotic feed pushers and constructive differences between them have been studied. These robots have 2 types of working bodies: a screw conveyor and a rotating body. The issue of fodder quality control has been discussed. Carrying out an analysis of the Russian market of analytical devices for an express-analysis of fodder quality, the authors have found two Italian companies, specializing in the production of such devices. It has been established, that express-analyzers operate on the principle of spectrometry and allow for assessing 7 nutritiousness parameters of feed: the content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, starch, ash, acid-detergent and neutral-detergent fiber. The data from the devices can be saved to a flash drive. Their use allows for a faster solution of cow diet optimization problem, and also for the use of analyzers in fodder harvesting in order to observe changes in newly stored feed.
“LUX AURUMQUE” BY ERIC WHITACRE IN TERMS OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE INTERPRETATION
Authors: Savelieva Hanna
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the creative aspects of the performance interpretation of the choral work “Lux Aurumque” by the modern American composer E. Whitacre in the perspective of comparative analysis of performance versions. The research methodology includes classical musicological methods – analytical, interpretive and comparative methods. The concept of the article was created in the process of developing the ideas of I. Polusmyak and K. Timofeyeva. The scientific novelty is based on the fact of virtualization of choral singing that has not become the subject of a separate scientific study yet. The overriding task of the study is to clarify the specifics of the communicative conditions for the coexistence of national and cultural traditions of American and Ukrainian choral cultures. The influence of the semantics of the poetic source and the peculiarities of the composer’s choral writing are considered. The ways and possibilities of choral performance in the synthesis of traditional conditions and tendencies of cultural communication of modern society in the global network Internet are investigated. The specifics of the communicative conditions of coexistence of national and cultural traditions of American and Ukrainian choral culture are clarified. Comparative methods in this study include the analysis of several performance varieties – Virtual Choir 1.0., singing of the choir Eric Whitacre Singers under the direction of the author and the performance of the Student Choir of Kharkiv I. P. Kotlyarevsky National University of Arts. In the process of studying the cognitive possibilities of comparative analysis of performing interpretations of the selected composition, common and different features dui to various physical conditions and vocal-technological approaches were revealed. Conclusions. Consideration of the features of performance drama in the process of creation virtual and real choral work versions has revealed that the selected performance versions can be divided into two types: correspondence (the first two author’s options) and adaptation (Student Choir). This topic provides a perspective area for further research and will have an exceptional scientific result in case of cooperation of specialists in several spheres – musicology, sound design, acoustics and sociology.
Behaviour and survival of Common Guillemot Uria aalge chicks at departure from a nest site in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Hjernquist Mårten B , Hjernquist Måns , Hjernquist Björn
Published: March 2021

Common Guillemots Uria aalge often breed high up in cliffs, forcing the juveniles to jump down to the beach or sea when leaving their nests. We studied survival of Common Guillemot chicks at time of nest departure on the island Lilla Karlsö in the Baltic Sea. All jumps were conducted either together with one of the parents, or, more commonly, the parent flew down shortly before the chick jumped. At this point, the parent was always found waiting for the chick directly underneath the nest, either on the beach or in the water, and never farther out than five meters if there was no beach below the cliff. If separated, all observed parents and juveniles reunited within one minute and then swam close together out to sea. Juvenile mortality was very low, only 0.5% in 2011, with 2 of 426 chicks dying. In both cases hitting a lower cliff ledge caused the mortality. No case of predation was observed. The high survival rates are most likely due to the chicks’ close proximity to their male parent at all times.
The breeding biology of the Coal Tit Periparus ater in South Central Sweden
Authors: Schölin Karl Gustav , Källander Hans
Published: March 2021

In a nestbox study started in 1948 and still ongoing, the number of breeding Coal Tits Periparus ater was always low. Here we present data on time of egg laying and its advancement during the last three decades, clutch size, fledging success and proportion of second broods. Laying dates varied between 18 April and 10 May, with an overall mean of 5 May, and advanced by 0.36 days per year during the second half of the study. Mean clutch size was 8.55 (first clutches). A mean of 7.25 young fledged (all first broods) or 7.78 (failed first broods excluded). Second broods (12.6%) were often not checked but seven clutches had a mean size of 7.23 eggs and fledged 6.71 young.
Distribution, abundance and habitat of Palearctic migrants in Lesotho (Maloti/Drakensberg region)
Authors: Kopij Grzegorz
Published: March 2021

In total 33 Palearctic migrant species have been recorded in Lesotho so far, but more than half of them are uncommon. The most common species include Ciconia ciconia (1.6 birds/10 km in river valleys and 5.1 birds/10 km outside river valleys), Falco naumanni, Falco amurensis, Actitis hypoleucos (2.1 birds/10 km in large highland rivers and 1.9 birds in Senque River in the lowlands), Phylloscopus trochilus and Muscicapa striata. Data on their densities along water courses and in open grasslands and farmlands in Lesotho are provided. The number of wintering Falco naumanni was estimated at 2,500–2,800 at eight roosts and that of wintering Falco amurensis at 850–900 at eight roosts. The earliest arrival and the latest departure dates are given for most species. In general, the wintering Palearctic bird fauna is poor and the species occur in low densities.
KOAH Tanılı Yaşlı Bireylerde Pulmoner Rehabilitasyon
Authors: KESKİN Tahir , BAŞKURT Zeliha
Published: March 2021

Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) yüksek morbidite ve mortalite oranları olan, yaşlı popülasyonda yaygın olarak görülen ve prevalansı yaşla birlikte artan kronik respiratuar bir problemdir. Yaşlı nüfus oranının dünya genelinde artmasıyla birlikte KOAH özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde majör bir halk sağlığı problemi olmuştur ve en yüksek mortalite nedenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Yaşa bağlı olarak akciğerlerde meydana gelen fizyolojik değişiklikler ve çevresel faktörler nedeniyle KOAH prevalansı yaşlılarda yüksektir. Pulmoner rehabilitasyon ve inhaler farmakolojik ajanlar, KOAH'lı yaşlıların bireysel tedavisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Pulmoner rehabilitasyon yaşlılarda fonksiyonel egzersiz kapasitesinin ve sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesinin geliştirilmesinde; dispnenin, sağlık hizmetlerinin kullanımı ve sağlık maliyetlerinin azaltılmasında etkindir. Yapılan çalışmalar KOAH'lı yaşlı bireylerin, pulmoner rehabilitasyondan genç hastalar kadar fayda görmekte olduğunu, dolayısıyla yaşın pulmoner rehabilitasyon için bir dışlama kriteri olmadığını göstermektedir. Hastalığın akut alevlenme dönemlerinde bile yaşlılarda pulmoner rehabilitasyonun etkin olduğu görülmüştür. Bu derlemede KOAH tanısı olan yaşlı bireylerde pulmoner rehabilitasyonun bileşenleri olan aerobik ve dirençli egzersizler, respiratuar kas kuvvet eğitimi, diafragmatik solunum ve fiziksel aktivitenin etkinliği güncel literatür ışığında tartışılacaktır.
3-D Edge-Oriented Electrocatalytic NiCo
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Nanoflakes on Vertical Graphene for Li-S Batteries
Authors: Li Wenyue , Li Shiqi , Bernussi Ayrton A. , Fan Zhaoyang
Published: March 2021

Polysulfide shuttle effect, causing extremely low Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability, is one of the toughest challenges hindering the development of practical lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs). Introducing catalytic nanostructures to stabilize the otherwise soluble polysulfides and promote their conversion to solids has been proved to be an effective strategy in attacking this problem, but the heavy mass of catalysts often results in a low specific energy of the whole electrode. Herein, by designing and synthesizing a free-standing edge-oriented NiCo
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/vertical graphene functionalized carbon nanofiber (NCS/EOG/CNF) thin film as a catalytic overlayer incorporated in the sulfur cathode, the polysulfide shuttle effect is largely alleviated, revealed by the enhanced electrochemical performance measurements and the catalytic function demonstration. Different from other reports, the NiCo
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nanosheets synthesized here have a 3-D edge-oriented structure with fully exposed edges and easily accessible in-plane surfaces, thus providing a high density of active sites even with a small mass. The EOG/CNF scaffold further renders the high conductivity in the catalytic structure. Combined, this novel structure, with high sulfur loading and high sulfur fraction, leads to high-performance sulfur cathodes toward a practical LSB technology.
Phytochemical and biological investigation of Indian medicinal plant of givotia rottlerifromis griff
Authors: M Karthick , R.V Sakthivel , V Mohanraj , R Velmurugan
Published: March 2021

A study on givotia rottlerifomis griff shows that studies on a tremendous of pharmacological and physiological activities and other applications. Moreover, givotia rottlerifomis griff has diverse physiological effects. This tempted us to use the bark of givotia rottlerifomis griff for extraction of new compound from the extract. Attempt is made to develop an efficient method for isolation of compounds from the barks of givotia rottlerifomis griff. Our scheme of work is to separate a portion by treatment with pure methanol (CH3OH) using soxhlet apparatus at boiling temperature and the sample is crystallized to separate to the pure compound. The compound was identified further by chromatographic studies, melting point determination, and spectral analysis (IR, 1D and 2D NMR) etc. Furthermore, antimicrobial studies are tested various antibacterial and antifungal species and also molecular docking studies are checked with HIV protease with Schrodinger 9.5 software.
Escuela Autonomista:
Authors: Simonoff Alejandro
Published: March 2021

En este artículo nos proponemos realizar una brevísima semblanza de la Escuela Autonomista y el lugar que ocupa en los estudios de Relaciones Internacionales en la Argentinas. Para ello en una primera instancia recorreremos los aportes de Juan Carlos Puig a la construcción disciplinar, y las relecturas realizadas por sus principales discípulos en la actualidad.
legados de la inestabilidad judicial en América Latina
Authors: Pérez-Liñán Aníbal , Castagnola Andrea
Published: March 2021

Los institucionalistas han identificado un patrón de "reemplazo en serie", distintivo para los países de América Latina, en los cuales el cambio institucional se ha vuelto frecuente y radical. Los patrones de reemplazo en serie son la base de las conocidas “trampas" de la des-institucionalización: los golpes militares generan más golpes, los quiebres democráticos hacen que los colapsos de la democracia sean más probables, los reemplazos constitucionales fomentan la adopción de nuevas constituciones, los conflictos entre los distintos poderes de gobierno fomentan mayores conflictos, etc.

En este trabajo desarrollamos una “teoría del reemplazo en serie” y la aplicamos para explicar los ciclos de recambio de los jueces en las cortes para 18 países latinoamericanos. Usando una nueva base de datos que incluye más de 3,000 jueces de las Cortes Supremas y Tribunales Constitucionales entre 1900 y 2010,mostramos que los intentos políticos de reorganizar las Cortes Supremas y Tribunales Constitucionales fomentan nuevos intentos por reorganizar dichos tribunales en años posteriores, creando un patrón secuencial de inestabilidad judicial perdurable en el tiempo.
revolución universitaria de Julio V. González
Authors: Ratto Alex E.
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo intenta explorar la construcción de una de las imágenes que se tiene sobre la Reforma Universitaria a poco tiempo de sus acontecimientos, una imagen que intenta potenciar el carácter revolucionario de los sucesos de Córdoba de 1918. Para ello, concentraremos nuestra atención en la producción de Julio V. González, unos de los protagonistas que postularon la necesidad de expandir el desconecto de una nueva generación de universitarios fuera del marco de la Universidad.

Hijo de Joaquín V. González, unos de los líderes modernista de la generación del 80, Julio V. González participó desde el inicio en la Reforma Universitaria. En 1919 se convirtió en el presidente más joven de la FUA. Y más tarde escribió trilogía donde teorizó sobre la reforma. Iniciada con La revolución universitaria de 1922, a la cual le siguieron La reforma universitaria de 1927 y La emancipación universitaria de 1929.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la narración de Julio V. González de los hechos y principios de las Reforma del 18, en busca de encontrar sus particularidades. De esta forma, focalizaremos nuestro estudio en la interpretación de los antecedentes históricos de la Reforma señalados establecidos por él (advenimiento del radicalismo, I Guerra Mundial y la revolución rusa), como así también, de la valoración del uso de la violencia en su primer obra, La revolución universitaria de 1922.
Triple Alianza: memorias, presente y proyección del Estado paraguayo
Authors: Capeletti Dalila E.
Published: March 2021

En el living de su casa, a escasos segundos de cumplirse el mediodía del sábado 22 de julio de 2017, en Asunción (Paraguay), un sol intenso ingresaba por la ventana cuando Julio César Frutos nos abrió la puerta de su departamento en el centro de la ciudad. Estaba muy contento de recibirnos y de nuestro interés por la historia y la actualidad del Paraguay. Nos sentamos y comenzamos a hablar, pasaron varios minutos hasta que recordamos encender el grabador.  Nos mostró la pintura original de la tapa de su libro “Francisco Solano López: Memorias de la Guerra de la Triple Alianza” que tiene enmarcada en su comedor, lo que facilitó el comienzo de la entrevista.
despliegue de la política habitacional “Conformación de Consejos de Administración” en el barrio 7 de Septiembre. Rosario, Argentina
Authors: Cardoso Adur Andrea , Uberti Ornella , Zamboni Virginia
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo nos proponemos realizar un análisis del diseño, implementación y control de la política pública referida a la Conformación de Consejos de Administración, para organizar vecinos, en los Complejos Habitacionales de las periferias de la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina. Rosario es una de las ciudades más pobladas de la Argentina, en la cual se albergan muchos de los complejos sociales urbanísticos con mayor capacidad de la región, resultado de las políticas habitacionales asistencialistas frente al déficit habitacional creciente de los años´70. Estos complejos fueron abandonados por el Estado por dos décadas, tanto en los ´80 como en los ´90, lo que ha causado que se fueran apilando problemáticas que nunca fueron resueltas. Enfocaremos nuestro análisis en el Barrio 7 de Septiembre con el objetivo de dilucidar si esta política propuesta por oficinas estatales logra organizar a los vecinos.
Discourse and blocked mourning –
Authors: Hurtado Hurtado Joshua
Published: March 2021

While there has been research focusing on security issues in Mexico in the context of the Mexican Drug War and the effects of violence on its population, little has been done to explore the relationship between public-official discourse, political practices and mourning at a societal level. Using the Logics of Critical Explanation (LCE) framework developed by Jason Glynos and David Howarth, and focusing on the notions of mourning and melancholia at a societal level, this paper argues that the conditions for mourning at a societal level have not been met in public-official discourse regarding the security policy and the Mexican Drug War, resulting in subjects experiencing blocked mourning. It views the Peace and Reconciliation Forums as a political logic that seeks to differentiate the approach taken by the incoming López Obrador administration in relation to security strategy formulation and attention to victims and Human Rights’ groups. It also argues that while the forums themselves have some attributes that could pave the way for successful mourning to occur, a comprehensive set of practices needs to materialize that addresses the concerns of violence-affected subjects.
Cambios en la estructura de poder, competencia internacional y transformación postneoliberal:
Authors: Musacchio Andres
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo analiza la relación entre la crisis y los cambios en el orden mundial a través de la conformación y acción del G20. Para ello, se analiza primero el proceso de transformaciones abierto por la crisis económica internacional que estalló en 2007, para detenerse luego en los problemas de la estructura institucional internacional. Sobre esa base, se explica el surgimiento del G20 como el resultado de un nuevo esquema dinámico de relaciones de fuerza de los distintos actores nacionales. Esos cambios permiten interpretar, en la sección siguiente, las modificaciones de la agenda del G20 a lo largo de la última década. Finalmente, el artículo se permite algunas reflexiones sobre la conformación actual del sistema internacional y algunos de sus problemas.
Determining impact level of low material supply into delivery times of web servers
Authors: Castillo-Pérez Velia Herminia , Sanchez-Eguiarte Lorena Ivonne
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine materials shortage to manufacture web servers, establishing impact level of low supply material into delivery time promised to customers. Methodology, data analyses showed: greatest shortage, suppliers they belong to, how many orders that fail delivery time to customer are due to lack of materials for its manufacture; also how long it takes for each material to arrive, material cost, server’s quantity impacted, profit impact of each server, old orders timing, reasons for each material missed. When analyzing by commercialized server type: customer delivery goals, materials required to manufacture; we found that most orders that do not accomplish delivery time to customers are affected by high value materials shortage; being solid-state drivers (SSD) the greatest shortage. From January 2016 to 2018, material shortage went from 1275 units per month to 2985. The main reason for current shortage is worldwide shortage, as well as disconnection between sales and operations systems. Contribution, communication between operations and sales system was automated; sales department has access to material availability to manufacture products offered to customer, enabling them to communicate accurate delivery times to customer, also to give alternative product to shorter delivery times in material required to manufacture products offered.
Market follow-up based on mastransporte software in the vehicle, Preventive and Corrective Maintenance Company
Authors: Espinosa-Águila Ma. Luisa , Sánchez-García María Del Carmen , Alonso-Lozada Raúl , Villanueva-Melendez Armando
Published: March 2021

The main objective of the vehicle, preventive and corrective maintenance company is to create a database with the CRM Mastransporte software, this program helps to feed the database and the implementation of all the tools that offer information on the percentage of useful life of the parts of a vehicle. The process of feeding this database ranges from the proper introduction of customer data, to the entry into the system of the useful levels of each element of the vehicle. The system sends promotional and informative mails indicating and suggesting to the consumer what would be the next purchase of the piece with a lower level of percentage of useful life. Real power is now in the hands of the customers. This is the reason why it is imperative to have ample and updated information about each client through the implementation of a continuous practice of interpersonal relations, accompanied by their biggest ally: the CRM.
Tourist Competitiveness, an interpretation for the Pueblo Mágico of Salvatierra, Guanajuato, Mexico
Authors: Luna-Medina Lina , Santos-Olvera Orlando Karin , Montoya-Vega Josué Socorro , Cisneros-López Hilda Lucía
Published: March 2021

The objective of the research is to make an interpretation of the analytical tourist tourism competition The 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum, the guide for the execution of Magical Towns and the Model of Tourism Excellence of the state of Guanjuato. The research approach is qualitative, qualitative research seeks subjectivity and explaining and understanding individual and group subjective interactions and meanings. (Álvarez- Gayou, 2012). Interpretive referential framework Hermeneutical Phenomenology, which seeks to discover non-multiple meanings, analyze and describe them (Álvarez-Gayou, 2012). Proposing to establish indicators of tourism competitiveness for the Magical Towns of the State of Guanajuato by means of which the form of the tourism situation can be evaluated in order to detect areas of improvement and generate strategies that increase the tourism competitiveness of said tourist destinations and It translates into a benefit for the Magic Town of Salvatierra and the State of Guanajuato.
Financial impact of the shortage and increase of gasoline in the state of Guanajuato
Authors: Gómez-Bravo María De La Luz , Gomez-Bravo Jessica Margarita , Andrade-Oseguera Miguel Ángel , Barcenas-Puente José Luis
Published: March 2021

This work is focused on the financial impact that the state of Guanajuato suffered in the first months of this year due to the shortage of gasoline and the increase in its price, the entrepreneurs of the state of Guanajuato are the main affected by the situation that is being experienced in the state since they are quantifying the affectation within the tourist, commercial and industrial sector that are the main source of wealth of the state In the economic report carried out by CITY BANAMEX, we are informed at the beginning of January that the losses on the Gross Domestic Product GDP are in a range of 0.1% to 0.3% due to the shortage of fuel. The crisis due to the shortage of gasoline forced the state of Guanajuato to set the objective of how to face future contingencies and thus be able to count on infrastructure and integral actions.
Models of simulation in the making of decisions in the mining operation
Authors: Castillo-Serrano Erika , Pérez-Lugo Myrna Urith , Avelino-Rosas Roberto , Rivera-Mojica Denisse Gabriela
Published: March 2021

In open pit mining, the loading, unloading and hauling system can represent a high percentage of the operating cost. The objective of this document is to provide an overview of the different approaches in the application of simulation models as an alternative applied to open pit mining operations that can help in decision making to optimize resources. It talks about the different types of simulation models that can be applied in mining operations such as stochastic, deterministic and discrete events. The underlying idea of this text is to highlight that with the increase in competitiveness, mining companies are in need of using simulation techniques to reduce costs, time and risks when making decisions, since simulation allows the creation of scenarios that approximate reality. In the end, the document concludes that simulation models are a tool to help in decision-making, for the optimization of resources, increased improvement and efficiency of the processes of loading, transport and unloading in open pit mines.
A Critical Evaluation of Some Problematic Hadith Narratives
Authors: Chande Abdin
Published: March 2021

This study examines some issues critical to understanding the hadith literature in the modern context. It argues that this literature, despite its widely accepted status as a foundational source of Islam second in importance only to the Qur’an, continues to be a subject of controversy in some Muslim and non-Muslim quarters. This article brings together a small sample of problematic hadith narratives for the purpose of critically evaluating them according to certain criteria. This will be the basis for passing judgment over these pre-selected hadith that are, for instance, textually incompatible with the purport of the Qur’an.