bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisão sistemática da literatura na Ciência da Informação: uma descrição detalhada dos passos metodológicos
Authors: Brito Jean Carlos Borges , Martins Dalton Lopes
Published: December 2023

Systematic literature review is a type of scientific investigation that follows rigid, transparent, and specific protocols to describe all the steps of search, identification, selection, data collection, analysis and description of a research. The article discusses some renowned organizations that perform systematic reviews, such as Cochrane and Campbell Collaboration, highlighting the dissemination of this method in different areas of knowledge. Systematic review is vital in consolidating theories and methods in Information Science, with an improving frequency of use of the method in IS publications according to indicators on the Information Science Database Portal. By means of a narrative bibliographic review on the systematic literature review we describe an exemplary process applied to Information Science, detailing its four phases (plan, execute, audit, report and publish), consisting of 27 activities. The method described in this article will facilitate the understanding of Information Science students and professors, collaborating to expand its use in their investigations.
Inclusão de usuários com deficiência intelectual e transtorno do espectro autista em bibliotecas universitárias
Authors: Wellichan Danielle da Silva Pinheiro , Fonseca Kátia de Abreu
Published: December 2023

Para atender aos princípios da inclusão, as bibliotecas universitárias devem estar preparadas para receber usuários com deficiência e demais condições que representem o Público Alvo da Educação Especial (PAEE). No entanto, em virtude do desconhecimento sobre necessidades, habilidades e potencialidades, a distância ainda permeia a relação entre profissionais e usuários, principalmente se a Deficiência Intelectual (DI) ou o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) estiver em questão. Pelo fato de nem sempre serem visíveis e pelas especificidades diferenciadas em cada caso, o atendimento, o uso e a frequência na biblioteca podem ser prejudicados se desprezarem determinados aspectos que envolvem essa clientela específica. Portanto, quais são as iniciativas das bibliotecas para o atendimento desses usuários? O que é realizado para que usuários nessas condições utilizem e frequentem a biblioteca? Buscando conhecer a realidade, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica em língua portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, cujo marco inicial do recorte temporal é o Censo de 2019, com o objetivo de identificar o que é oferecido para tais usuários em bibliotecas universitárias de diversas localidades. Resultados mostram iniciativas possíveis em parcerias com os próprios usuários, o que permite concluir que o atendimento às pessoas com DI ou com TEA requer mais ações voltadas às questões atitudinais do que físicas, exigindo mudanças nas relações humanas, que podem contribuir de forma significativa para criar ambientes mais harmoniosos e inclusivos para todos.
Tangram of Sodium and Fluid Balance
Authors: Bagordo Domenico , Rossi Gian Paolo , Delles Christian , Wiig Helge , Rossitto Giacomo
Published: December 2023

Homeostasis of fluid and electrolytes is a tightly controlled physiological process. Failure of this process is a hallmark of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and other acute and chronic diseases. While the kidney remains the major player in the control of whole-body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, recent discoveries point toward more peripheral mechanisms leading to sodium storage in tissues, such as skin and muscle, and a link between this sodium and a range of diseases, including the conditions above. In this review, we describe multiple facets of sodium and fluid balance from traditional concepts to novel discoveries. We examine the differences between acute disruption of sodium balance and the longer term adaptation in chronic disease, highlighting areas that cannot be explained by a kidney-centric model alone. The theoretical and methodological challenges of more recently proposed models are discussed. We acknowledge the different roles of extracellular and intracellular spaces and propose an integrated model that maintains fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and can be distilled into a few elemental players: the microvasculature, the interstitium, and tissue cells. Understanding their interplay will guide a more precise treatment of conditions characterized by sodium excess, for which primary aldosteronism is presented as a prototype.
Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis in Hypertensive Heart Disease: From Mechanisms to Clinical Management
Authors: González Arantxa , López Begoña , Ravassa Susana , San José Gorka , Latasa Iñigo , Butler Javed , Díez Javier
Published: December 2023

Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) can no longer be considered as the beneficial adaptive result of the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in response to pressure overload leading to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. The current evidence indicates that in patients with HHD, pathological lesions in the myocardium lead to maladaptive structural remodeling and subsequent alterations in cardiac function, electrical activity, and perfusion, all contributing to poor outcomes. Diffuse myocardial interstitial fibrosis is probably the most critically involved lesion in these disorders. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the histological characteristics, the mechanisms, and the clinical consequences of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in patients with HHD. In addition, we will consider the most useful tools for the noninvasive diagnosis of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in patients with HHD, as well as the most effective available therapeutic strategies to prevent its development or facilitate its regression in this patient population. Finally, we will issue a call to action for the need for more fundamental and clinical research on myocardial interstitial fibrosis in HHD.
External Validation of Proposed American Heart Association Algorithm for Cardiovascular Screening Before Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Nielsen Marie Bodilsen , Dahl Jonathan Nørtoft , Jespersen Bente , Ivarsen Per , Birn Henrik , Winther Simon
Published: December 2023

Background

Screening for cardiovascular disease is currently recommended before kidney transplantation. The present study aimed to validate the proposed algorithm by the American Heart Association (AHA‐2022) considering cardiovascular findings and outcomes in kidney transplant candidates, and to compare AHA‐2022 with the previous recommendation (AHA‐2012).

Methods and Results

We applied the 2 screening algorithms to an observational cohort of kidney transplant candidates (n=529) who were already extensively screened for coronary heart disease by referral to cardiac computed tomography between 2014 and 2019. The cohort was divided into 3 groups as per the AHA‐2022 algorithm, or into 2 groups as per AHA‐2012. Outcomes were degree of coronary heart disease, revascularization rate following screening, major adverse cardiovascular events, and all‐cause death. Using the AHA‐2022 algorithm, 69 (13%) patients were recommended for cardiology referral, 315 (60%) for cardiac screening, and 145 (27%) no further screening. More patients were recommended cardiology referral or screening compared with the AHA‐2012 (73% versus 53%;P<0.0001). Patients recommended cardiology referral or cardiac screening had a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR], 5.5 [95% CI, 2.8–10.8]; and HR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.2–3.9]) and all‐cause death (HR, 12.0 [95% [CI, 4.6–31.4]; and HR, 5.3 [95% CI, 2.1–13.3]) compared with patients recommended no further screening, and were more often revascularized following initial screening (20% versus 7% versus 0.7%;P<0.001).

Conclusions

The AHA‐2022 algorithm allocates more patients for cardiac referral and screening compared with AHA‐2012. Furthermore, the AHA‐2022 algorithm effectively discriminates between kidney transplant candidates at high, intermediate, and low risk with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events and all‐cause death.
Estimating rectal temperature in exercising horses in a competition environment using infrared thermal imaging
Authors: Marlin D.J. , Reynolds H. , Mukai K. , Neil K. , Akerstrom G.
Published: December 2023

Short-term intense and or prolonged medium intensity exercise in conditions of moderate-high environmental temperature or temperature and humidity can result in moderate to marked hyperthermia. This in turn may result in decreased exercise capacity, earlier onset of fatigue and increased risk of falls or injury. Early identification of moderate-severe hyperthermia is important to allow appropriate intervention, either before, during or after exercise. Infra-red thermal imaging (IRT) allows measurement of horse surface temperature non-invasively, however it is generally considered to be unreliable in outdoor environments. Collection of pilot data suggested that this modality warranted further investigation. IRT Images were obtained from horses during training and competition at the 2019 Ready Steady Tokyo Olympic equestrian test event (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature [WBGT] > 28 °C), during and after the cross-country at the 2019 Burghley Horse Trials CCI 5* (WBGT 12-15 °C), the 2019 Adelaide International Horse Trials CCI 4* (WBGT ∼ 20 °C) and during the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games (held in 2021; WBGT > 28 °C). A total of 87 paired hindquarter IRT images and rectal temperature measurements were obtained. When all data from all 4 events were pooled the bias and limits of agreement were −0.3 ± 1.1 °C (n = 87), i.e. IRT underestimated rectal temperature. When the data from Ready Steady Tokyo 2019 and Tokyo 2020 were combined as both events took place in similar thermal environmental conditions) the bias and limits of agreement were −0.1 ± 0.8 °C (n = 45). For 29 paired hindquarter thermal images, where a second image was obtained within 15 s, there was no significant difference between the mean of the first and second images (Image 1: 38.9 ± 0.9 °C versus Image 2: 38.7 ± 0.8 °C; ; n = 29). In conclusion, IRT imaging in environmental conditions of high temperature or high temperature and humidity may be useful in identifying horses with moderate to severe hyperthermia.
Four new species of Monoplacophora (Mollusca) from the New Zealand region
Authors: MARSHALL BRUCE A.
Published: December 2023

Four new species of monoplacophorans are described from deep water in the New Zealand region: a new species of Rokopella (Neopilinidae) from the Chatham Rise, and a new Vema (Neopilinidae) and two new Micropilina species (Micropilinidae) from off the north-western North Island.
A new blindAnatomaspecies from the bathyal of the northeastern Pacific(Vetigastropoda: Anatomidae)
Authors: GEIGER DANIEL L.
Published: December 2023

Anatoma janetae n. sp. from the bathyal of the northeastern Pacific is described based on two incompletely preserved specimens, one including the animal. The new species is characterised by the marked switch in teleoconch sculpture from distinct raised axial cords to fine spiral steps. The species is compared to all north Pacific species. The eyes are absent in this and several other deep-water species of distinct genera, refuting the hypothesis that the character is taxonomically informative for the distinction between Anatoma and Thieleella. The radula shows a morphology of the marginal teeth that is unique among species of Anatomidae.
First record of brooding and early life cycle stages inWunderpus photogenicusHochberg, Norman and Finn, 2006 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae)
Authors: MISKE VOLKER , KIRCHHAUSER JOHANN
Published: December 2023

One of the most unusual species within the Octopodidae is Wunderpus photogenicus Hochberg, Norman and Finn, 2006, known from only a few specimens from the tropical Indo West Pacific. A female from the Philippine Islands was observed in captivity for 39 days until the end of its life. The specimen was nearly as often active during full daylight as during twilight. It laid fertilized eggs, which were arranged in about 15 unbranched strings consisting of approximately 30 eggs each. The strings were held within the arm crown by suckers instead of attaching them to the ceiling of a lair or to other hard surfaces. This is a rare brooding strategy in benthic octopuses. During brooding the female continued moving around and feeding. About 23 days after spawning, the first planktonic paralarvae hatched. Two days later the mother died. She was never found to be nocturnally active except during her last night, in which a group hatching occurred. The paralarvae were not observed feeding on the organisms offered and survived for at most five days from first hatching. This study provides the first record of eggs, brooding and paralarvae of W. photogenicus.
Establishment of the East Asian Dove SnailMitrella bicincta(Gould, 1860)(Mollusca: Gastropoda: Columbellidae) in Australia
Authors: BEECHEY DESMOND L. , WILLAN RICHARD C.
Published: December 2023

The East Asian Dove Snail Mitrella bicincta (Gould, 1860) is recorded in Australia for the first time. It was probably introduced into New South Wales in the early 1960’s and is now naturalised (i.e., permanently established) in central and southern New South Wales. It is now the dominant columbellid in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones in central New South Wales. M. bicincta has gone unrecognised until now because of the lack of any revisionary work on the endemic temperate water Australian columbellid fauna.
Inverse life positions of three species in the genus Cadella (Bivalvia: Tellinidae)
Authors: UJINO SUGURU , MATSUKUMA AKIHIKO
Published: December 2023

Bivalves have particular life orientations for each species. Species of Tellinidae and Semelidae burrow in sediment and are orientated with their commissure plane nearly horizontal and almost always rest on their left side. However, three species of the tellinid genus Cadella, which have the commissure plane nearly horizontal, lie on their right side. It is suggested that this reversed orientation in Cadella is an inversion of the normal left side orientation and appears to be the first example of behavioural inversion in bivalves.
Amylolytic and cellulolytic activities in the crystalline style and the digestive diverticulae of the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771)
Authors: PALAIS FRÉDÉRIC , JUBEAUX GUILLAUME , DEDOURGE-GEFFARD ODILE , BIAGIANTI-RISBOURG SYLVIE , GEFFARD ALAIN
Published: December 2023

Activity profiles of amylase and carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) were investigated in the crystalline style (CS) and the digestive diverticulae (DD) of the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha. In both digestive tissues, highest amylase activities were measured at pH 6.5–7.5 and 25-30°C while highest CMCase activities were measured at pH 5.0–6.0 and 50°C. Amylase and CMCase activities were greater in the CS than in the DD, whereas amylase was more active than CMCase in both tissues. Activity profiles of amylase and CMCase were similar from one tissue to the other, suggesting a probable identity between the CS and the DD carbohydrases pools.
Comparative anatomy and taxonomy of Onchidium vaigiense (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Onchidiidae)
Authors: DAYRAT BENOÎT
Published: December 2023

The anatomy of the marine pulmonate slug Onchidium vaigiense Quoy and Gaimard, 1824, originally described from West Papua, Indonesia, is re-described here based on 44 specimens from 15 localities from the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Singapore, many of which are new distribution records. Onchidium marmoratum Lesson, 1826, and Onchidium leopoldi Labbé, 1934, are regarded as new synonyms of Onchidium vaigiense. The anatomy of Onchidium vaigiense is compared with that of other species; its supra-specific relationships are discussed; and some important features in onchidiid systematics are discussed.
Distribution and abundance of the introduced gastropod Zeacumantus subcarinatus in the Sydney Region
Authors: ANDREWS V. , MIDDELFART P. , CREESE R.G. , BROAD A. , DAVIS A.R.
Published: December 2023

Zeacumantus subcarinatus is an endemic New Zealand gastropod which was first collected in the Sydney region in 1924. Although records have been maintained on the Australian Museum Database, there has been no formal assessment of its distribution and abundance since then. We undertook timed searches for this invader in 32 locations in the Sydney Region in Autumn 2004. It was present in nine locations, including one not previously recorded—Umina in Broken Bay. Further, Z. subcarinatus had disappeared from eight locations from which it had previously been reported. Population sizes were generally small, with the exception of Kurnell (Botany Bay), with an estimated 10,000 individuals. Comparisons of mobile and sessile fauna in pools confirmed that pools with the introduced gastropod were different from those lacking it, although there was considerable overlap in the ordination (nMDS) plots. Densities of littorinids (predominantly Austrolittorina unifasciata but also Afrolittorina acutispira) were three-fold lower when Z. subcarinatus was present in the pool. Zeacumantus subcarinatus is now present in the four major estuarine systems in the Sydney region and this may allow it to spread to additional locations within these systems. Management, such as manual removal, does not appear to be necessary at this stage, but we recommend a periodic re-examination of its distribution and abundance.
A new species of Trochotaia (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: DU LI-NA , YANG JUN-XING , CHEN XIAO-YONG
Published: December 2023

A new species of Viviparidae, Trochotaia pyramidella n. sp., is described from freshwater ponds in the Yousuo village of Er-Yuan County, Yunnan, southwestern China on the basis of shell, radula and anatomical characters. Trochotaia pyramidella is the first report of a species of this genus from China.
Visualizing hotspots: Applying thermal imaging to monitor internal temperatures in intertidal gastropods
Authors: CADDY-RETALIC STEFAN , BENKENDORFF KIRSTEN , FAIRWEATHER PETER G.
Published: December 2023

Investigating the impacts of climate change highlights a need to rapidly quantify an organism’s thermal environment. We investigated the reliability of non-contact thermal imaging for measuring temperatures in an intertidal gastropod. Thermal maxima from images of either dorsal or ventral surfaces correlated strongly with invasive temperature-probe readings, produc-ing highly significant regression models to predict mantle temperatures from thermal images. Thermal imaging was then field-tested to non-invasively examine temperature changes of snails relative to their substrate: those exposed to sunlight had a mean temperature 4–8°C above the substrate during the day but 2–4°C below at night. Thermoregulation was also tested in the labo-ratory: when exposed to 45°C for 24 hours, snails reached 35–44°C, significantly higher than those (18°C to 25°C) held at 25°C. Thermal imaging is reliable for rapidly measuring tissue temperatures in a shelled gastropod typical of intertidal environ-ments, thus providing a powerful tool for testing hypotheses about thermal responses in the changing global environment.
Heavy metals accumulation and antioxidant defence system in Helix pomatia (Pulmonata: Helicidae)
Authors: NOWAKOWSKA ANNA , ŁACIAK TOMASZ , CAPUTA MICHAŁ
Published: December 2023

We present a study on the association between accumulation of heavy metals and activities of antioxidant enzymes, concentra-tions of glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as products of lipid peroxidation in selected tissues of Helix pomatia living in a natural habitat. Hepatopancreatic accumulation of Zn, Cd and Mg was many times higher than that in the kidney and foot, and was connected to an extremely high concentration of TBARS and activity of glutathione transferase. Moreover, the organ concentration of GSH was inversely proportional to TBARS. Activity of glutathione reduct-ase was unaffected by organ type. In contrast to the metals mentioned above, concentrations of Pb, Cu and Ni were extremely high in the kidney and shell and low in the hepatopancreas. The results confirm the crucial role of the hepatopancreas and kid-ney in the detoxification process and point to the shell as a ‘sink’ for some heavy metals.
The larvae of Amarodytes duponti (Aube (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae), with comments on Bidessini larval morphology and chaetotaxy
Authors: MICHAT MARIANO , ALARIE YVES
Published: December 2023

Larval morphology of the Neotropical endemic dytiscid genus Amarodytes Régimbart is investigated. All three larval instars of A. duponti (Aubé) are described and illustrated with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. Larvae of A. duponti share with those of other Bidessini studied in detail the absence of the primary pore ABc. Contrary to other first instar Bidessini, A. duponti characterizes by the presence of an occipital suture and the absence of pores PAj and PAk. Amarodytes duponti is related to Allodessus bistrigatus (Clark) by the presence of secondary setae on the first urogomphomere, a unique feature among the Bidessini.
A new species of Asterocheres (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Asterocheridae) associated to Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault (Porifera) in Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: BISPO RICARDO , JOHNSSON RODRIGO , NEVES ELIZABETH
Published: December 2023

The siphonostomatoid fauna associated with the sponge, Placospongia cristata Boury-Esnault, is studied for the first time. Asterocheres bimbarrensis n. sp. is characterized by having two spines distally on the third endopod of P4 instead of a seta and a spine, is described and compared with its congeners. Another species of the genus, A. neptunei Johnsson, is also found associated with this sponge, however, P. cristata may not be its main host since it is scarce. Asterocheres neptunei has previously been recorded associated with an undetermined sponge in the southeast region of Brazil thus the present record extends its distribution to the northeast. This study is the first record of the sponge P. cristata in Bahia.
Limited Role of Absolute Humidity in Intraurban Heat Variability
Authors: Waugh Darryn W. , Zaitchik Benjamin , Scott Anna A. , Ibsen Peter C. , Jenerette G. Darrel , Schatz Jason , Kucharik Christopher J.
Published: December 2023

Monitoring and understanding the variability of heat within cities is important for urban planning and public health, and the number of studies measuring intraurban temperature variability is growing. Recognizing that the physiological effects of heat depend on humidity as well as temperature, measurement campaigns have included measurements of relative humidity alongside temperature. However, the role the spatial structure in humidity, independent from temperature, plays in intraurban heat variability is unknown. Here we use summer temperature and humidity from networks of stationary sensors in multiple cities in the United States to show spatial variations in the absolute humidity within these cities are weak. This variability in absolute humidity plays an insignificant role in the spatial variability of the heat index and humidity index (humidex), and the spatial variability of the heat metrics is dominated by temperature variability. Thus, results from previous studies that considered only intraurban variability in temperature will carry over to intraurban heat variability. Also, this suggests increases in humidity from green infrastructure interventions designed to reduce temperature will be minimal. In addition, a network of sensors that only measures temperature is sufficient to quantify the spatial variability of heat across these cities when combined with humidity measured at a single location, allowing for lower-cost heat monitoring networks.

Significance Statement

Monitoring the variability of heat within cities is important for urban planning and public health. While the physiological effects of heat depend on temperature and humidity, it is shown that there are only weak spatial variations in the absolute humidity within nine U.S. cities, and the spatial variability of heat metrics is dominated by temperature variability. This suggests increases in humidity will be minimal resulting from green infrastructure interventions designed to reduce temperature. It also means a network of sensors that only measure temperature is sufficient to quantify the spatial variability of heat across these cities when combined with humidity measured at a single location.
Severe Global Cooling After Volcanic Super-Eruptions? The Answer Hinges on Unknown Aerosol Size
Authors: McGraw Zachary , DallaSanta Kevin , Polvani Lorenzo M. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Orbe Clara , Bauer Susanne E.
Published: December 2023

Volcanic super-eruptions have been theorized to cause severe global cooling, with the 74 kya Toba eruption purported to have driven humanity to near-extinction. However, this eruption left little physical evidence of its severity and models diverge greatly on the magnitude of post-eruption cooling. A key factor controlling the super-eruption climate response is the size of volcanic sulfate aerosol, a quantity that left no physical record and is poorly constrained by models. Here we show that this knowledge gap severely limits confidence in model-based estimates of super-volcanic cooling, and accounts for much of the disagreement among prior studies. By simulating super-eruptions over a range of aerosol sizes, we obtain global mean responses varying from extreme cooling all the way to the previously unexplored scenario of widespread warming. We also use an interactive aerosol model to evaluate the scaling between injected sulfur mass and aerosol size. Combining our model results with the available paleoclimate constraints applicable to large eruptions, we estimate that global volcanic cooling is unlikely to exceed 1.5°C no matter how massive the stratospheric injection. Super-eruptions, we conclude, may be incapable of altering global temperatures substantially more than the largest Common Era eruptions. This lack of exceptional cooling could explain why no single super-eruption event has resulted in firm evidence of widespread catastrophe for humans or ecosystems.

Significance Statement

Whether volcanic super-eruptions pose a threat to humanity remains a subject of debate, with climate models disagreeing on the magnitude of global post-eruption cooling. We demonstrate that this disagreement primarily stems from a lack of constraint on the size of volcanic sulfate aerosol particles. By evaluating the range of aerosol size scenarios, we demonstrate that eruptions may be incapable of causing more than 1.5°C cooling no matter how much sulfur they inject into the stratosphere. This could explain why archaeological records provide no evidence of increased human mortality following the Toba super-eruption. Further, we raise the unexplored possibility that the largest super-eruptions could cause global-scale warming.
Drivers of Widespread Floods in Indian River Basins
Authors: J. S. Nanditha , Mishra Vimal
Published: December 2023

Widespread floods affecting multiple subbasins in a river basin have implications for infrastructure, agriculture, environment, and groundwater recharge. However, the crucial linkage between widespread floods and their drivers remains unexplored for Indian subcontinental river basins. Here, we examine the occurrence and drivers of widespread flooding in seven Indian subcontinental river basins during the observed climate (1959–2020). The peninsular river basins have a high probability of widespread flooding, compared to the transboundary basins of the Ganga and Brahmaputra. Favorable antecedent baseflow and soil moisture conditions, uniform precipitation distribution, and precipitation seasonality determine the probability of widespread floods in Indian river basins. The widespread floods are associated with large atmospheric circulations that cause precipitation in a large part of a river basin. Our findings highlight the prominent drivers and mechanisms of widespread floods with implications for flood mitigation in India.
Outcomes of Trauma “Walk-Ins” in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Program Database
Authors: Syamal Sujata , Tran Andrew H. , Huang Chi-Ching , Badrinathan Avanti , Bassiri Aria , Ho Vanessa P. , Towe Christopher W.
Published: December 2023

Background

Outcomes of trauma “walk-in” patients (using private vehicles or on foot) are understudied. We compared outcomes of ground ambulance vs walk-ins, hypothesizing that delayed resuscitation and uncoordinated care may worsen walk-in outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective analysis 2020 American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Programs (ACS-TQP) databases compared outcomes between ambulance vs “walk-ins.” The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, excluding external facility transfers and air transports. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, bivariate, multivariable logistic regression, including an Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment with adjustments for injury severity and vital signs. The primary outcome for the 2019 (pre-COVID-19 pandemic) data was similarly analyzed.

Results

In 2020, 707,899 patients were analyzed, 556,361 (78.59%) used ambulance, and 151,538 (21.41%) were walk-ins. We observed differences in demographics, hospital attributes, medical comorbidities, and injury mechanism. Ambulance patients had more chronic conditions and severe injuries. Walk-ins had lower in-hospital mortality (850 (.56%) vs 23,131 (4.16%)) and arrived with better vital signs. Multivariable logistic regression models (inverse probability weighting for regression adjustment), adjusting for injury severity, demographics, injury mechanism, and vital signs, confirmed that walk-in status had lower odds of mortality. For the 2019 (pre-COVID-19 pandemic) database, walk-ins also had lower in-hospital mortality.

Discussion

Our results demonstrate better survival rates for walk-ins before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Despite limitations of patient selection bias, this study highlights the need for further research into transportation modes, geographic and socioeconomic factors affecting patient transport, and tailoring management strategies based on their mode of arrival.
Direct Determination of Ca, K, and Mg in Soy Leaf Samples Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Assis João Victor Borges , Ferreira Dennis da Silva , Bócoli Daniela de Assis , Brait Carlos Henrique Hoff , Pereira-Filho Edenir Rodrigues
Published: December 2023

This study was dedicated to developing analytical methods for determining macronutrients (Ca, K, and Mg) in soy leaf samples with and without petioles. The study's primary purpose was to present Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a viable alternative for directly analyzing leaf samples using chemometric tools to interpret the data obtained. The instrumental condition chosen for LIBS was 70 mJ of laser pulse energy, 1.0 µs of delay time, and 100 µm of spot size, which was applied to 896 samples: 305 of soy without petioles and 591 of soy with petioles. The reference values of the analytes for the proposition of calibration models were obtained using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique. Twelve normalization modes and two calibration strategies were tested to minimize signal variations and sample matrix microheterogeneity. The following were studied: multivariate calibration using partial least squares and univariate calibration using the area and height of several selected emission lines. The notable normalization mode for most models was the Euclidean norm. No analyte showed promising results for univariate calibrations. Micronutrients, P and S, were also tested, and no multivariate models presented satisfactory results. The models obtained for Ca, K, and Mg showed good results. The standard error of calibration ranged from 2.3 g/kg for Ca in soy leaves without petioles with two latent variables to 5.0 g/kg for K in soy leaves with petioles with two latent variables.
Australian adolescents’ views about healthy eating and the effects of food advertising on dietary behaviour: Perspectives of athletes and non-athletes
Authors: Bailey Christopher , Prichard Ivanka , Drummond Claire , Drummond Murray
Published: December 2023

Background:

Food-related advertisements have been identified as influential factors affecting Australian adolescents’ food preferences and dietary habits.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate adolescents’ (athletes and non-athletes) views about healthy eating, the advertising of discretionary foods and beverages, and the effects of food advertising on dietary behaviours.

Method:

Qualitative study involving the analysis of data from seven focus group discussions with young people aged 12–17 years ( N = 27; 10 males and 17 females; 14 elite athletes, 13 non-athletes) from three different socioeconomic status secondary schools.

Results:

Both athlete and non-athlete participants discussed the importance of how social media is used for food advertisements. Many adolescents exhibited scepticism about the intent of advertising discretionary foods and beverages targeted toward adolescents. Three themes were identified from the data analysis: (1) physical and cognitive benefits of healthy eating; (2) scepticism, mistrust and ethical concerns about food and beverage advertisements targeted toward adolescents; and (3) portrayal of thin and fit ideals in social media.

Conclusion:

Health educators and policymakers addressing adolescent healthy eating behaviours should focus more fully on the influence of social media food advertising. Greater promotion of the importance of good nutrition during adolescence may optimise training performance and improve young people’s nutritional knowledge and healthy eating habits.
Evaluation of a digital media campaign for reducing mental health stigma
Authors: Alvarado-Torres Roxanne , Dunn Silesky Melissa , Helgenberger Sheena , Anderson Aja , Granillo Claudia , Nared Ty , Bonnevie Erika
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

WhatMakesUs is a digital media campaign aimed at reducing mental health stigma in the Greater Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area. This study evaluated the campaign’s impact at the end of the second year of the campaign by examining different aspects of mental health stigma, including social distance, attitudes, behaviours and self-efficacy, among campaign-aware (CA) individuals and non-campaign-aware (NCA) individuals. The study also explored the campaign’s feasibility and potential for adaptation to other parts of the USA.

Design, Setting, and Method:

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in the campaign’s implementation area. Respondents were recruited through a panel recruiting company using non-probabilistic methods. Digital metrics from the campaign’s social media accounts and website were collected and analysed using Google Analytics.

Results:

CA respondents exhibited lower social distance and stigmatising attitudes and beliefs, and more positive behaviours and self-efficacy towards people with mental health conditions (MHCs) compared to NCA respondents. A significantly higher proportion of CA respondents reported living with ( p = .001), working with ( p = .005), and having close friendships with individuals with MHCs ( p = .043). CA respondents found therapy and counselling effective treatments for MHCs ( p = .005), greater comfort in providing support to individuals with MHCs ( p < .001), pursued steps to improve their own mental health ( p = .032) and perceived their workplaces taking an active role in their mental health ( p = .029), when compared to NCA respondents. Digital metrics indicated successful engagement with the campaign’s intended audience.

Conclusion:

Findings highlight the impact of digital campaigns in addressing the stigmatisation of MHCs and provide valuable insights for future campaigns.
China's Technical Standardization Power—a Challenge for NATO?
Authors: Rühlig Tim
Published: December 2023

Technical standardization has turned into a central subject of geopolitical contestation. At first glance, this might be surprising as technical standards follow an inclusive logic of action and are legally non-binding. However, China has adopted a state-centric approach to standardization that stands in sharp contrast to the private actor driving practice in the West. This allows China to link its standardization efforts not least to its security interests. In fact, standards are not only relevant to ensure the convergence of defense technology. Standards can also unfold security relevance if they create lock-in dependencies and prevent or enable the globalization of backdoors. NATO could react to China's growing standardization power by establishing an information exchange platform, avoid excessive politicization of standard-setting and make sure not to overestimate the risks.
Reviving the Lost Spaces: Rewilding the Walled City of Nicosia Buffer Zone
Authors: Kavas Pınar Şaşmaz , Mahasti Payam
Published: December 2023

This article presents a study that aims to analyze abandoned cities and explore the rewilding efforts in the Nicosia Buffer Zone. The research methodology involves examining the causes of abandonment, the potential benefits of reorienting the Buffer Zone through rewilding, and the importance of community involvement in the process. By transforming the abandoned space into a green corridor, the study seeks to promote peace, reconciliation, and sustainable development. The analysis draws attention to the significance of preserving cultural heritage, promoting biodiversity, and improving the quality of life in surrounding areas. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive planning and implementation, considering both ecological and social factors. This research contributes to the field of urban design by examining the reviving of lost spaces through rewilding and providing insights for future research in the area of abandoned places and urban development.
Collaborating to Innovate: Balancing Strategy Dividend and Transactional Efficiencies
Authors: Elhelaly Nehal , Ray Sourav
Published: December 2023

When a firm collaborates with its suppliers, it expands its access to external know-how and thus can enhance its innovation performance. Such collaborations are common and argued to have significant impact on the firm's market outcomes. However, such collaborations also expose the firm to various transactional hazards, including knowledge spillovers and opportunism. This trade-off looms over the firm's commitment to a market positioning strategy and the functional capabilities it draws on to generate its strategy dividend. Recent accounts suggest that the verdict on supplier collaborations is noisy and that partner perceptions of these collaborations do not align on key issues of governance, strategy, and value generation. To investigate this, the authors study 202 formal codevelopment contracts of high-tech original equipment manufacturers that collaborated with suppliers from 1985 to 2016. Drawing on the governance value analysis framework, the authors show how misalignment between the firm's codevelopment contracts, capabilities, and market positioning strategy significantly erodes its innovation performance. Thus, blanket prescriptions for one type of contract or the other are misdirected, their effectiveness being a contingent outcome dependent on the firm's market positioning strategy and functional capabilities. This research presents one of the most complete tests of the governance value analysis framework to date.
The Value of Safety Training for Business-to-Business Firms
Authors: Chen Yixing , Sridhar Shrihari , Han Kyuhong , Singh Sonam , Mittal Vikas , Im Taehoon
Published: December 2023

Business-to-business suppliers invest in safety training programs believing that such programs mitigate safety hazards, prevent workplace injuries, and create value for their customers. However, causal evidence of these effects is sparse. Study 1 uses site-level monthly data from a global oil field services company. Exploiting sharp discontinuities in safety training hours due to catastrophic accidents, the authors find that a 10% increase in safety training hours per capita decreases safety hazards per capita by 6.45%–9.57%. Study 2 measures the causal impact of business establishments’ safety training intensity on their workplace injuries: it leverages Local Law 196 requiring workers at construction establishments in New York City to complete at least ten hours of safety training. This legislation reduced injury rates at construction establishments in New York City by .54–.68 percentage points (a 15.56%–18.84% decrease) relative to their counterparts. Study 3, a stated-choice conjoint experiment of business-to-business procurement professionals, documents that the focal supplier's investment in safety training increases the probability of its proposal being selected by those professionals. Collectively, these findings validate the need for suppliers to invest in safety training as a risk-mitigation vehicle that has positive implications for business-to-business buying decisions.
Assessing the Impact of Person-Environment fit on Turnover Intention Through Multiple Linear Regression
Authors: Redelinghuys Kleinjan
Published: December 2023

Focusing on key antecedents of intended turnover may enable organizations to intervene before reaching scenarios where employee turnover is inevitable. The current study aimed to establish which type of fit plays the most prominent role in employees’ turnover intention. To achieve this aim, multiple linear regression was used. By establishing which type of fit influences employees’ thoughts of quitting the most, organizations can adopt better retention strategies as opposed to casting a net and hoping for the best. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from 384 retail employees. Three distinct fit scales and a turnover intention scale were administered. The study’s hypothesis was assessed through multiple linear regression, relative weight analysis, and commonality analysis. Needs-supplies fit was the only variable that had a statistically significant negative association with turnover intention. Needs-supplies fit had the biggest contribution (23.64%) to the multiple R 2 value (34.25%) of the multiple linear regression model. Commonality analysis showed that needs-supplies fit accounted for the highest percentage (16.85%) of unique variance in explaining turnover intention. To enhance the probability of retaining employees, organizations may want to fine-tune their retention strategies based on establishing congruence between what employees need and what can be done to meet these desired needs. The current study stresses the importance of distinguishing between different types of person-environment fit as they may not similarly relate to outcomes.
Advancing the initiatives of sustainable coastal and marine areas development in Pakistan through marine spatial planning
Authors: Jattak Zafar Ullah , Wu Wen , Gao Jinzhu , Zhang Kuncheng , Murtaza Syed Hussain , Jan Mohammad , Ahmed Aziz
Published: December 2023

Coastal states are currently transitioning their traditional socio-economic activities into a single platform to address the emerging issues of the coast and marine environment. For countries like Pakistan, managing multiple coastal and marine activities is a significant challenge. The lack of proper management policies and an inefficient decision-making process put various types of pressure on the ecological functions of Pakistan's coastal and marine areas. The Government of Pakistan has not yet prioritized coastal and marine affairs in its policy agenda, resulting in a halt to the process of sustainable development. Moreover, a lack of financial allocation for large-scale coastal and marine projects, a shortage of trained human resources, insufficient coordination among organizations, and unstable political decisions and governance impede the sustainable delivery of the projects. This paper discusses Pakistan's coastal and marine policy targets and highlights various issues through PESTLE analysis, which encompasses political (P), economic (E), social (S), technological (T), legal (L), and environmental (E) factors that limit the advancement of sustainable coastal and marine development. This paper aims to determine the advantages of adopting marine spatial planning (MSP) in Pakistan and how its implementation can bring social, ecological, and economic prosperity. The study provides a baseline for the country's coastal and marine policymakers regarding the advancement of a blue economy through MSP.
Autocratic Power and Older Citizens: The Political Subjectification of Retirees in Belarus
Authors: Shadrina Anna
Published: December 2023

This article contributes to research on everyday resistance as a means of citizens’ political subjectification in autocracies and advances the literature on the manipulation of news. Through analysis of state-controlled media and individual interviews, it traces how older people in Belarus engage in anti-authoritarian protests by relying on pre-existing patterns of interactions with the state. My analysis demonstrates that to promote its legitimacy, the paternalist regime cultivates dependence in older citizens and represents itself as the primary solution to problems associated with old-age vulnerability. In response to their systemic marginalisation in the job market, urban development and public health policies, older people claim their equal rights by resisting old-age vulnerability or performing it to challenge the system. The article argues that by practising low-key acts of insubordination, older Belarusians acquire the collective self-awareness and cultural competence that allowed them to engage in the 2020 protests as a distinct political subject.
Investigation of pseudo-urogenital myiasis and errors in diagnosis
Authors: Özkeklikçi Ahmet
Published: December 2023

Cases of genitourinary myiasis in humans caused by larvae of flies are reported from time to time. In our study, 11 patients, who reported worms in their urine and brought these worms to our laboratory, were investigated. The larvae were found to belong to the subfamily Psychodinae. By taking urine samples carefully from the patients, examining and evaluating their history, it was concluded that they did not actually have myiasis. We endeavour to describe the pitfalls in this diagnosis.
un/desirable encounters at the intersections of caste, class and religion
Authors: Craddock Elaine
Published: December 2023

Tamil thirunangais (or hijras) emphatically claim that in thirunangai kinship networks there is no caste, class or religion, that individuals are accepted regardless of their birth family. This kinship network creates a space of desirable encounters where thirunangais can reorientate themselves to their community as well as the larger public. Gender identity is central to thirunangai lives, but it operates in a nexus of other forces. Devotional practices within and outside the kinship community provide a space for thirunangais to transgress hierarchical norms of gender, caste and class and construct authentic identities empowered by divine agency.