bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reverse Supply Chain of the E-Waste Management Processes in a Circular Economy Framework: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Isernia Raffaele , Passaro Renato , Quinto Ivana , Thomas Antonio
Published: April 2019

In the last several decades, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) reverse supply chain management has increasingly gained more attention due to the development of an environmental awareness, the rapid raise of e-wasted products and the EU regulations. In particular, although the new EU WEEE collection target has not been reached by many EU countries, several studies show that an optimized WEEE wastes management processes could represent a relevant way to achieve economic, environmental and social benefits expected by the adoption of circular economy approaches. According to this, the paper aims to evaluate the extent to which the current Italian organization of the WEEE management system and the related legislation are able to support the achievement of the targets defined by EU with a specific focus on the collection centers (CCs) which play a key role being the initial point of the WEEE reverse logistic cycle. An illustrative analysis based on the transition probability matrix regarding both the e-waste collecting performance and the distribution of collecting centers in the Italian provinces is illustrated. Furthermore, we have analyzed the presence of a correlation between the WEEE collection rate and the presence of the CCs in different provinces in order to better comprehend the role that can play both the investments in CC system and other soft measures in achieving the WEEE collection targets. Results show that the current Italian organization of the WEEE management system and the related legislations are not so effective in supporting the achievement of EU WEEE collection targets at the national level, although some geographical areas and provinces outperform the EU targets.
Hydrogen Power Plant Site Selection Under Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making (FMCDM) Environment Conditions
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Hsueh Ming-Hsien , Lin Da-Fu
Published: April 2019

Fuel and energy are basic resources necessary to meet a country’s socioeconomic development needs; further, countries rich in these resources have the best premise for meeting the inputs of an economic system; however, this also poses many political challenges and threats to national security. Vietnam is located in the Southeast Asian monsoon-humid tropical region and has diverse fuel-energy resources such as coal, petroleum, and hydropower, along with renewable energy sources such as solar energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy. However, the reality of economic development in recent years shows complex fluctuations in fuel and energy usage, i.e., besides the export of coal and crude oil, Vietnam still has imported processed oil products. To overcome this issue, many hydrogen power plants will be built in the future. This is why we propose fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (FMCDM) for hydrogen power plant site selection in this research. All criteria affecting location selection are determined by experts and literature reviews, and the weight of all criteria are defined by a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). The technique for order of preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) is a multicriteria decision analysis method, which is used for ranking potential locations in the final stage. As a result, the decision-making unit, DMU010 (DMU010), has become the optimal solution for building hydrogen power plants in Vietnam. A multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) model for hydrogen power plant site selection in Vietnam under fuzzy environment conditions is a contribution of this study. This research also provides useful tools for other types of renewable energies in Vietnam and other countries.
Isolation and Characterization of Insecticidal Toxins from the Venom of the North African Scorpion, Buthacus leptochelys
Authors: Yoshimoto Yusuke , Miyashita Masahiro , Abdel-Wahab Mohammed , Sarhan Moustafa , Nakagawa Yoshiaki , Miyagawa Hisashi
Published: April 2019

Various bioactive peptides have been identified in scorpion venom, but there are many scorpion species whose venom has not been investigated. In this study, we characterized venom components of the North African scorpion, Buthacus leptochelys, by mass spectrometric analysis and evaluated their insect toxicity. This is the first report of chemical and biological characterization of the B. leptochelys venom. LC/MS analysis detected at least 148 components in the venom. We isolated four peptides that show insect toxicity (Bl-1, Bl-2, Bl-3, and Bl-4) through bioassay-guided HPLC fractionation. These toxins were found to be similar to scorpion α- and β-toxins based on their N-terminal sequences. Among them, the complete primary structure of Bl-1 was determined by combination of Edman degradation and MS/MS analysis. Bl-1 is composed of 67 amino acid residues and crosslinked with four disulfide bonds. Since Bl-1 shares high sequence similarity with α-like toxins, it is likely that it acts on Na+ channels of both insects and mammals.
Characterization of EIAV env Quasispecies during Long-Term Passage In Vitro: Gradual Loss of Pathogenicity
Authors: Liu Cong , Wang Xue-Feng , Wang Yan , Chen Jie , Zhong Zhaohua , Lin Yuezhi , Wang Xiaojun
Published: April 2019

As the only widely used live lentiviral vaccine, the equine infectious anima virus (EIAV) attenuated vaccine was developed by in vitro passaging of a virulent strain for 121 generations. In our previous study, we observed that the attenuated vaccine was gradually selected under increased environmental pressure at the population level (termed a quasispecies). To further elucidate the potential correlation between viral quasispecies evolution and pathogenesis, a systematic study was performed by sequencing env using several methods. Some key mutations were identified within Env, and we observed that increased percentages of these mutations were accompanied by an increased passage number and attenuated virulence. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that env mutations related to the loss of virulence might have occurred evolutionarily. Among these mutations, deletion of amino acid 236 in the V4 region of Env resulted in the loss of one N-glycosylation site that was crucial for virulence. Notably, the 236-deleted sequence represented a “vaccine-specific” mutation that was also found in wild EIAVLN40 strains based on single genome amplification (SGA) analysis. Therefore, our results suggest that the EIAV attenuated vaccine may originate from a branch of quasispecies of EIAVLN40. Generally, the presented results may increase our understanding of the attenuation mechanism of the EIAV vaccine and provide more information about the evolution of other lentiviruses.
Porcine Parvovirus Infection Causes Pig Placenta Tissue Damage Involving Nonstructural Protein 1 (NS1)-Induced Intrinsic ROS/Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Jianlou , Fan Jinghui , Li Yan , Liang Shuang , Huo Shanshan , Wang Xing , Zuo Yuzhu , Cui Dan , Li Wenyan , Zhong Zhenyu , Zhong Fei
Published: April 2019

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is an important pathogen causing reproductive failure in pigs. PPV-induced cell apoptosis has been recently identified as being involved in PPV-induced placental tissue damages resulting in reproductive failure. However, the molecular mechanism was not fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that PPV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) can induce host cell apoptosis and death, thereby indicating the NS1 may play a crucial role in PPV-induced placental tissue damages and reproductive failure. We have found that NS1-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by caspase 9 inhibitor, but not caspase 8 inhibitor, and transfection of NS1 gene into PK-15 cells significantly inhibited mitochondria-associated antiapoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expressions and enhanced proapoptotic molecules Bax, P21, and P53 expressions, suggesting that NS1-induced apoptosis is mainly through the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. We also found that both PPV infection and NS1 vector transfection could cause host DNA damage resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2 phases, trigger mitochondrial ROS accumulation resulting in mitochondria damage, and therefore, induce the host cell apoptosis. This study provides a molecular basis for elucidating PPV-induced cell apoptosis and reproductive failure.
Impact of Fabric Density, Color and Composition of Plain weave Fabric on Ultraviolet Protective Factor
Authors: Islam Marzia , Akter Tarifun , Ferdush Jannatul , Kamrunnahar Kamrunnahar
Published: April 2019

In thisstudy, the effect of fabric density and different colors (black and red) on ultraviolet protection factor of woven fabric investigated. The fabric of different composition (100% cotton, 60/40 CVC), two color (black, red) and various density (Ends per inch, Picks per inch) collected. Then UPF rating was measured by spectrophotometer in vitro method. Experimental result showed that higher the fabric density and weight; higher the protection from ultraviolet rays. Besides, it also revealed that black fabric has more UV protection ability than the red one. Another finding of this study is that polyester content increases the UPF value.
Control Unit for a Two-Wheel Self-Balancing Robot
Authors: Jayakody D.P.V.J. , Sucharitharathna K.P.G.C.
Published: April 2019

A self-balancing personal transporter which is based on the inverted pendulum concept has sufficient potential to provide solutions for the upcoming global issues in the transportation industry. However due to the expensive price range which the self-balancing scooters are introduced at and few safety issues, this concept has failed in reaching the hands and becoming popular among the majority of the society. Therefore this research paper consists of a comprehensive literature review on the existing models of the self-balancing transporter scooters, possible ways to reduce the initial cost of implementing a control unit for self-balancing transporter vehicles and methods to address the issues which generate along with the proposed cost-reduction methods. Real-time comparison of Kalman and Complementary filtering processes are performed to sort out the optimum algorithm to estimate the true angle of the inclination of the self-balancing prototype. Similarly several forms of control system implementation are compared through simulations and real-time experiments to obtain the ideal motor response for variations in the position of the prototype.
Selected elements of the logistic customer service in public transport – Gdynia case
Authors: Grzelec Krzysztof
Published: April 2019

Relationship marketing involves negotiated service promise, which is characterized by: the reliability of trip in the desired direction, using of suitable means of transport at a certain price, expected conditions of trip in right time. The universality of the principles of customer service determined the adoption of marketing orientation by the Public Transport Authority in Gdy-nia. It’s made by marketing research and forming of public transport services based on its re-sults. PTA in Gdynia planning services, takes into account not only the needs of existing cus-tomers (passengers), but also the needs of people using private cars. This makes possible to increase quality of PT services. The rule: "right the first time" is the main determinant of Public Transport Authority in Gdynia.
Strengthening the masonry bridges with
use of corrugated steel plates
Authors: Machelski Czesław
Published: April 2019

The following work presents the problem of old arched bridges, built a long time ago as masonry constructions and their revitalization. Nowadays this kind of railway structures is very popular and extensively used in Europe. Moreover, in Poland there is a significant number of them. This work considers the possibility of strengthening these objects with using the corrugated steel plates as the material which is already being used in soil-steel structures. The usage of steel coatings is very con-venient while providing any construction works as they are taking place underneath the arch. This is not causing any restrictions of movements on the bridge as only a small area under the bridge is oc-cupied. According to different coatings geometry, this kind of technology is being presented based on already existing objects as the examples. The following study proves high efficiency of strength-ening the masonry vaults with the usage of corrugated steel plates.
Exploring the Interstellar Medium Using an Asymmetric X-Ray Dust Scattering Halo
Authors: Jin 金驰 Chichuan 川 , Ponti Gabriele , Li 李广 Guangxing 兴 , Bogensberger David
Published: April 2019

SWIFT J1658.2−4242 is an X-ray transient discovered recently in the Galactic plane, with severe X-ray absorption corresponding to an equivalent hydrogen column density of ∼2 × 1023 cm−2. Using new Chandra and XMM-Newton data, we discover a strong X-ray dust scattering halo around it. The halo profile can be well fitted by the scattering from at least three separated dust layers. During the persistent emission phase of SWIFT J1658.2−4242, the best-fit dust scattering N
H,sca based on the COMP-AC-S dust grain model is consistent with the X-ray absorbing N
H,abs. The best-fit halo models show that 85%–90% of the intervening gas and dust along the line of sight of SWIFT J1658.2−4242 are located in the foreground interstellar medium in the Galactic disk. The dust scattering halo also shows significant azimuthal asymmetry, which appears consistent with the inhomogeneous distribution of foreground molecular clouds. By matching the different dust layers to the distribution of molecular clouds along the line of sight, we estimate the source distance to be ∼10 kpc, which is also consistent with the results given by several other independent methods of disance estimation. The dust scattering opacity and the existence of a halo can introduce a significant spectral bias, the level of which depends on the shape of the instrumental point-spread function and the source extraction region. We create the xspec
dscor model to correct for this spectral bias for different X-ray instruments. Our study reinforces the importance of considering the spectral effects of dust scattering in other absorbed X-ray sources.
The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. III. Globular Cluster Specific Frequencies of Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Liu Yiqing , Peng Eric W. , Jordán Andrés , Blakeslee John P. , Côté Patrick , Ferrarese Laura , Puzia Thomas H.
Published: April 2019

The globular cluster (GC) specific frequency (S

N
), defined as the number of GCs per unit galactic luminosity, represents the efficiency of GC formation (and survival) compared to field stars. Despite the naive expectation that star cluster formation should scale directly with star formation, this efficiency varies widely across galaxies. To explore this variation, we measure the z-band GC specific frequency (

) for 43 early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Fornax Cluster Survey. Combined with the homogeneous measurements of

in 100 ETGs from the HST/ACS Virgo Cluster Survey from Peng et al., we investigate the dependence of

on mass and environment over a range of galaxy properties. We find that

behaves similarly in the two galaxy clusters, despite the clusters’ order-of-magnitude difference in mass density. The

is low in intermediate-mass ETGs (−20 < M

z
 < −23) and increases with galaxy luminosity. It is elevated at low masses, on average, but with a large scatter driven by galaxies in dense environments. The densest environments with the strongest tidal forces appear to strip the GC systems of low-mass galaxies. However, in low-mass galaxies that are not in strong tidal fields, denser environments correlate with enhanced GC formation efficiencies. Normalizing by inferred halo masses, the GC mass fraction, η = (3.36 ± 0.2) × 10−5, is constant for ETGs with stellar masses

, in agreement with previous studies. The lack of correlation between the fraction of GCs and the nuclear light implies only a weak link between the infall of GCs and the formation of nuclei.
New data on David's myotis, Myotis davidii (Peters, 1869) (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), in Siberia and the Urals
Authors: Zhigalin Alexander
Published: April 2019

David's myotis, Myotisdavidii, is a vespertilionid bat inhabiting the wide spaces of the Palearctic region. Although previously registered in the north of Mongolia (50° N.L.) and the southern Urals (52° N.L.), data on the ecology of the species on the northern periphery of the range was missing.

The northern border area of M.davidii in Siberia shifts by 350 km and the area increases by about 150,000 km2, in the Ural area by 150 km. Pups in the north of the range appear from the second half of June to July inclusive. Our data reveal that individuals from the Urals and the North Caucasus are genetically similar.
Les pratiques d’activité réduite et leurs impacts sur les trajectoires professionnelles : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Havet Nathalie , Joutard Xavier , Penot Alexis
Published: April 2019

Le dispositif des activités réduites vise à atténuer les effets désincitatifs du système d’allocation chômage en permettant aux demandeurs d’emploi de combiner activité rémunérée et recherche d’emploi tout en cumulant, au moins partiellement, la rémunération de son activité et ses allocations chômage. Notre revue de la littérature théorique et empirique cherche à savoir si ce dispositif, avec des incitations nécessairement limitées à l’exercice d’une activité temporaire ou à temps partiel, peut favoriser une insertion durable sur le marché du travail. Elle montre que les effets théoriques attendus sur les trajectoires professionnelles des demandeurs d’emploi et sur la qualité des emplois potentiellement retrouvés sont ambigus et méritent d’être tranchés empiriquement. Les études empiriques nationales et internationales mettent alors en évidence qu’il est nécessaire de distinguer les effets à court terme des effets à long terme et qu’il existe une forte hétérogénéité des impacts entre demandeurs d’emploi. Néanmoins, en France, l’activité réduite semble globalement un accélérateur de l’accès à l’emploi durable mais avec des effets relativement modestes. En outre, elle ne semble pas améliorer ni dégrader la qualité de l’emploi retrouvé. Classification JEL : J42, J64, J65
Measuring the Effects of Price Environment: An Application to U.S. Industries
Authors: Boussemart Jean-Philippe , Leleu Hervé , Parvulescu Raluca , Shitikova Karina
Published: April 2019

Nous proposons une méthodologie pour mettre en lumière des environnements prix dans un cadre non paramétrique. Par rapport à la mesure traditionnelle d’efficacité allocative, notre mesure ne suppose pas une réallocation des ressources au niveau de la firme. De plus, elle est basée sur une comparaison entre les prix des firmes. L’effet prix est obtenu en calculant le rapport entre le score d’efficacité technique sur la base des données en quantité et le score d’efficacité valeur sur la base des données en valeur. Cette méthodologie peut être étendue afin d’obtenir des effets prix spécifiques pour les inputs et les outputs. Nous proposons une application empirique pour ces mesures afin d’étudier l’environnement prix des secteurs états-uniens pour la période 1987-2014. Classification JEL: D24; C33; E32
Les métaphores sportives dans les lettres pauliniennes
Authors: Aletti Jean-Noël
Published: April 2019

L’espace alloué interdisait de présenter tous les passages pauliniens où affleurent les métaphores sportives. Cet apparent handicap a permis d’aborder plus synthétiquement le sujet et de le situer, comme il devait l’être, au confluent de différents champs sémantiques chers à l’Apôtre : faiblesse/force ; esclavage/liberté ; agir divin/humain, etc. C’est toute la théologie paradoxale de l’Apôtre qui se donnait une fois encore à revisiter.
L’expérience comme promesse et comme détresse chez Karl Barth
Authors: Feneuil Anthony
Published: April 2019

Cet article vise à décrire l’opération conceptuelle par laquelle Karl Barth assume une ambiguïté dans l’histoire philosophique du concept d’expérience pour en faire le centre de sa conception de la foi. Cela implique d’identifier le rôle du concept d’expérience dans la pensée du théologien suisse, mais aussi d’en appréhender les sources philosophiques. Ce travail conduit à réévaluer certaines appréciations trop unilatérales sur la théologie de Barth, qui n’est pas uniquement critique vis-à-vis de l’expérience religieuse. Ressort ainsi la profonde originalité et liberté de la pensée barthienne de l’expérience, en dialogue profond et constant cependant avec la tradition philosophique, et non sans enseignements pour elle.
Parler de l’expérience religieuse. Expérience fondamentale et événement
Authors: Nouzille Philippe
Published: April 2019

Le premier problème des discours sur l’expérience religieuse est l’absence de clarification de ce qu’on entend par religieux ou religion. Ce n’est pourtant qu’à partir de là qu’on pourra s’interroger sur la nature « religieuse » du christianisme et de l’expérience chrétienne et sur leur rapport à la postmodernité et à la métaphysique, comme le fait Gianni Vattimo. L’expérience chrétienne apparaît alors comme une forme particulière de l’expérience fondamentale dans laquelle on fait l’épreuve de soi et de la facticité, dans l’événement d’une donation de soi et du monde, éventuellement de l’être et de Dieu. La question de la nomination de l’expérience se révèle simple interprétation, mais dont le caractère d’interprétation demeure indépassable si l’on veut être fidèle à l’événement comme tel et à la fracture de la présence qu’il manifeste.
Enhanced Microalgal Lipid Production in Internally Illuminated Airlift Photobioreactor
Authors: Deniz Irem , Demirel Zeliha , Imamoglu Esra , Dalay Meltem Conk
Published: April 2019

AbstractInternal illumination systems are being considered for use as an alternative light supply technique in microalgal products. The main goal of the study was to analyze the roles of different light wavelengths in internally illuminated airlift photobioreactors (PBRs)
providing the light energy in an efficient way for the biomass production, lipid yield, and fatty acid composition of Amphora capitellata. The maximum chlorophyll-a concentration per unit biomass (2.62 ± 0.16 mg L−1) was obtained under red light, which
was only 14% higher than under blue light in internally illuminated airlift PBR, whereas low chlorophyll-a content was found under white light. Maximum specific growth rate of 0.317 day−1, which corresponded to a doubling time of 2.185 days, was obtained under red light
for A. capitellata. It was found that lipid content increased with decreasing growth rate for A. capitellata. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) were the principal fatty acids accounting for between 31%‐33% and 31%‐32% of total fatty acids, respectively.
It is important to underline that red and blue light spectrum ranges contribute to improved biomass growth, whereas white light has the potential to support lipid content of diatoms.
Numerical Analysis of the Effect of an Inner Structure of a Cubic Frame Reef on Flow Field
Authors: Jiang Zhaoyang , Liang Zhenlin , Tang Yanli
Published: April 2019

AbstractArtificial reefs have been deposited along the coastline of China for over 30 years. The purpose of artificial reef construction is to form a changeable and complicated flow field that can promote the water exchange of different layers and attract more fish and marine
organisms, and the structure of artificial reefs plays a decisive role in these processes. However, the research on the hydrodynamic character of artificial reefs has primarily focused on improving their size or shape. The guide plate has a significant effect on the flow field effect of the
cubic reef, which has been confirmed in previous studies. In this article, guide plates were extended to the interior of the cubic reef and finally form an inner structure consisting of four isosceles triangles and right triangles. The flow field effect of the inner structure is numerically
simulated by the orthogonal design method. Results indicate that the inner structure creates a significant disturbance on the flow field. A crossed design of hole diameters on plates contributes to the formation of upwelling and extension of the wake region. The flux of upwelling in the different
planes indicates that the flow of upwelling is strong above the upwelling reef and has a remarkable effect. This study provides a scientific reference for the structural design of artificial reefs.
‘We only got Coca-Cola’: Disability and the paradox of (dis)empowerment in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nwokorie Okechukwu V. , Devlieger Patrick J.
Published: April 2019

Background: Empowerment is the generic name for support services for persons with disability in Nigeria. In it, the elites of the society play leading roles. Special events such as anniversaries, Christmas seasons, wealthy people’s birthdays, investiture of new titles and campaigns before general elections often provide occasions for empowerment programmes.Objectives: This article explores discourses of empowerment of persons with disability in Southeast Nigeria. We concentrate on the relation between local elites and the disability community and how it impacts our understanding of empowerment. Conceptualising empowerment as worldmaking, and disability as something that is ambiguous, we challenge the assumption that the aim of empowerment of disabled people is to improve their (disabled people’s) quality of life.Method: This article relies on research data (collected between January 2014 and January 2017) comprising 72 interviews and participant observations from 27 persons with disability, and 13 social workers and senior government officials.Results: We conclude that discourses of empowerment of disabled people frame disability as loss and tend to conceal the personal stories and survival operations of disabled people.Conclusion: Empowerment discourses ironically provide the platform for local power elites to ‘ride’ to fame on the backs of disabled to extend their influence in society. In the current neoliberal environment of unequal access to opportunities, disabled people must ‘play along’ as a survival strategy. Our qualitative data provide opportunities to reflect on the tensions between the ‘local and the global’, thus indicating how disability issues intersect with other wider questions.
Autophagy
Authors: Hsu Chin
Published: April 2019

Sepsis is the leading cause of death in intensive care units worldwide; however, it remains a scientific and clinical challenge in modern medicine. An excessive inflammatory response associated with high level of reactive oxygen species results in mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of the unfolded protein response leading to subsequent energetic organ failure in septic patients. In addition to blocking the inflammatory cascade directly, new strategies focusing on host endogenous adaption to severe infection may hold better promise for improving outcomes in septic patients. Autophagy is a fundamental cellular response to stress and pathogen invasion. The study of autophagic responses to sepsis is a critical component of understanding the mechanisms by which tissues respond to infection. This review aims at elucidating the role of autophagy in sepsis-induced hepatic failure and further explores the possible factor that suppresses autophagy and potential targets of augmenting autophagy, in an effort to provide a new perspective for the clinical treatment of sepsis-induced hepatic failure.
Different Susceptibilities of Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts to Glucocorticoid-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Alterations
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsu , Peng Shao-Yu , Cheng Ming-Te , Hsu Yu-Pao , Huang Zong-Xi , Cheng Winston Teng-Kuei , Wu Shinn-Chih
Published: April 2019

Glucocorticoid-induced bone loss is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis. This toxic effect has not been efficiently managed, possibly due to the incomplete understanding of the extraordinarily diverse cellular responses induced by glucocorticoid treatment. Previous literatures revealed that high dose of exogenous glucocorticoid triggers apoptosis in osteocytes and osteoblasts. This cell death is associated with glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts and examine the responses of osteoclasts to the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. We demonstrated the biphasic effects of exogenous glucocorticoid on osteoblastic mitochondrial functions and elevated intracellular oxidative stress in a dose- and time-dependent manner. On comparison, similar treatment did not induce mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress in osteoclasts. The production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species was decreased in osteoclasts. The differences are not due to varying efficiency of cellular antioxidant system. The opposite effects on nitrogen oxide synthase might provide an explanation, as the expression levels of nos2 gene are suppressed in the osteoclast but elevated in the osteoblast. We further revealed that glucocorticoids have a substantial impact on the osteoblastic mitochondria. Basal respiration rate and ATP production were increased upon 24 h incubation of glucocorticoids. The increase in proton leak and nonmitochondrial respiration suggests a potential source of glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress. Long-term incubation of glucocorticoids accumulates these detrimental changes and results in cytochrome C release and mitochondrial breakdown, consequently leading to apoptosis in osteoblasts. The mitochondrial alterations might be other sources of glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress in osteoblasts.
Latino-American Mothers’ Perspectives on Feeding Their Young Children: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Howe Tsu-Hsin , Hinojosa Jim , Sheu Ching-Fan
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE. We explored the cultural beliefs that influence Latino-American mothers’ feeding practices with their young children and the sources they referenced in making food choices for their children.

METHOD. We conducted semistructured interviews with 12 Latino-American mothers focusing on their experiences of feeding their young children. Data analysis, based in grounded theory, consisted of interview transcription, content analysis, coding, and theme development.

RESULTS. We identified four themes summarizing the mothers’ feeding practices: (1) “Grandma knows best,” (2) “I want my child(ren) to be healthy,” (3) “always soup and always rice,” and (4) “mealtime is family time.”

CONCLUSION. Occupational therapy practitioners need to obtain accurate information from families about feeding practices and to understand and interpret those practices in broader cultural contexts to design and implement targeted feeding intervention strategies that avoid stereotyping or misinterpreted information. To promote family-centered, meaningful interventions, practitioners must understand the cultural influences on feeding practices and be sensitive to mothers’ needs.
Grazing-related nitrous oxide emissions: from patch scale to field scale
Authors: Voglmeier Karl , Six Johan , Jocher Markus , Ammann Christof
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Grazed pastures are strong sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide
(N2O). The quantification of N2O emissions is challenging
due to the strong spatial and temporal variabilities of the emission sources
and so N2O emission estimates are very uncertain. This study
presents N2O emission measurements from two grazing systems in
western Switzerland over the grazing season of 2016. The 12 dairy cows of
each herd were kept in an intensive rotational grazing management. The diet
for the two herds of cows consisted of different protein-to-energy ratios
(system G: grass only diet; system M: grass with additional maize silage)
resulting in different nitrogen (N) excretion rates. The N in the excretion
was estimated by calculating the animal nitrogen budget taking into account
the measurements of feed intake, milk yield, and body weight of the cow
herds. Directly after the rotational grazing phases, background and urine
patches were identified based on soil electric conductivity measurements
while fresh dung patches were identified visually. The magnitude and temporal
pattern of these different emission sources were measured with a fast-box
(FB) chamber and the field-scale fluxes were quantified using two eddy
covariance (EC) systems. The FB measurements were finally upscaled to the
field level and compared to the EC measurements for quality control by using
EC footprint estimates of a backward Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model.
The comparison between the two grazing systems was performed during emission
periods that were not influenced by fertilizer applications. This allowed the
calculation of the excreta-related N2O emissions per cow and
grazing hour and resulted in considerably higher emissions for system G
compared to system M. Relating the found emissions to the excreta N resulted
in excreta-related emission factors (EFs) of 0.74±0.26 % for system
M and 0.83±0.29 % for system G. These EF values were thus
significantly smaller compared to the default EF of 2 % provided by the
IPCC guidelines for cattle excreta deposited on pasture. The measurements
showed that urine patch emission dominated the field-scale fluxes (57 %),
followed by significant background emissions (38 %), and only a small
contribution of dung patch emission (5 %). The resulting source-specific
EFs exhibited a clear difference between urine (1.12±0.43 %) and
dung (0.16±0.06 %), supporting a disaggregation of the
grazing-related EFs by excreta type in emission inventories. The study also
highlights the advantage of a N-optimized diet, which resulted in reduced
N2O emissions from animal excreta.
A lattice-automaton bioturbation simulator for the coupled physics, chemistry, and biology of marine sediments (eLABS v0.1)
Authors: Kanzaki Yoshiki , Boudreau Bernard P. , Kirtland Turner Sandra , Ridgwell Andy
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Seawater-sediment interaction is a crucial factor in the dynamics of carbon and nutrient cycling on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This interaction is mediated not just through geochemistry, but also via biology. Infauna vigorously mix sediment particles, enhance porewater-seawater exchange and consequently facilitate chemical reactions. In turn, the ecology and activity of benthic fauna are impacted by their environment, amplifying the sensitivity of seawater-sediment interaction to environmental change. However, numerical representation of the bioturbation of sediment has often been treated simply as an enhanced diffusion of solutes and solids. Whilst reasonably successful in representing the mixing of bulk and predominantly oxic marine sediments, the diffusional approach to bioturbation is limited by lacking an environmental sensitivity. To better capture the mechanics and effects of sediment bioturbation, we summarize and extend a published bioturbation model (acronym: LABS) that adopts a novel lattice automaton method to simulate the behaviors of infauna that drive sediment mixing. In this new model (eLABS), simulated benthic organism behavior is combined with a deterministic calculation of water flow and oxygen and organic matter concentration fields to better reflect the physicochemical evolution of sediment. The predicted burrow geometry and mixing intensity thus attain a dependence on physicochemical sedimentary conditions. Such an interplay between biology, chemistry and physics can be important to mechanistically explain empirical observations of bioturbation and to account for the impact of environmental changes. As an illustrative example, we show how higher organic rain can drive more intense sediment mixing by luring benthic organisms deeper into sediments, while lower ambient dissolved oxygen restricts the oxic habitat depth and hence tends to reduce bulk mixing rates. Finally, our model, with its oxygen and food availability controls, represents a new tool to interpret the geological record of trace fossils, e.g., burrows, as well as to mechanistically explore biological engineering of early marine environments.
Algunos desafíos contemporáneos a la tolerancia democrática
Authors: Moreno Garrido Jaime
Published: April 2019

La tolerancia democrática se ve sometida a frecuentes tests. Por ejemplo: Una agrupación

neonazi solicita autorización para celebrar un Congreso: ¿Cuál es la reacción democrática

correcta? ¿Debe la legislación democrática aceptar todas las organizaciones religiosas que

aparecen en la sociedad? ¿Cuál es la respuesta correcta para la cuestión de la llamada

“píldora del día después”? ¿o para la discusión de los matrimonios homosexuales?

Pues bien, estas solicitaciones hacen necesaria la reflexión sobre los límites de la tolerancia

democrática.

Este trabajo se preocupa de un fenómeno menor, pero que – considerado semióticamente –

resulta interesante: Trata las intervenciones más o menos transgresoras que alteran diversas

actividades ciudadanas con resultado de represión y/o castigo: encapuchados que

desordenan el quehacer académico, deudores habitacionales que alteran actos protocolares,

los más o menos cariñosamente llamados “pingüinos”, capaces de paralizar e l centro de la

ciudad, y otras irrupciones semejantes.

Este trabajo pregunta: ¿Qué significan estas manifestaciones? No pregunta sobre sus causas

sociales o psicológicas ni ofrece propuestas de soluciones. Su finalidad es modesta:

proponer una “lectura” semiótica y un esbozo de interpretación de los desafíos o tests

señalados.
Identificadores judíos y su manifestación en el judaísmo Latinoamericano
Authors: Roitman Deby
Published: April 2019

En este artículo se describen los conceptos de grupo étnico y de identidad. La identidad como unidad de distinción de un grupo determinado y sus identificadores como rasgos diferenciadores y aquellos que marcan las fronteras entre el "Ellos" y el "Nosotros". La identidad como construcción que contiene rasgos esenciales, los que vienen acompañados de elementos de cambio que van evolucionando y acoplándose con el paso del tiempo.

Tomamos al colectivo judío dentro de la categoría de grupo étnico, por ser un grupo que ha logrado perdurar a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad. Se señalan cinco identificadores judíos generales: religión, tradiciones, conciencia de pueblo, Israel y Holocausto, para

luego tomar estos elementos identitarios e indicar cómo estos rasgos se manifiestan y exhiben dentro del grupo judío latinoamericano en particular.
Presencia de Maimónides en una obra de Benjamín Galemiri: Jethro o La Guía de los Perplejos
Authors: Thomas Dublé Eduardo
Published: April 2019

La dramaturgia de Benjamín Galemiri se caracteriza por sus referencias a los más diversos textos y discursos de la tradición occidental. Destacan por su riqueza significativa las citas a la Biblia y otras obras vinculadas a la tradición judía. En este trabajo se estudia la intertextualidad paródica que establece su obra Jethro o la guía de los perplejos con la de Maimónides: Guía de perplejos, centrando la atención en el modo paródico de su

elaboración textual.
“Chile para todas las razas”: Respuestas de la prensa antifascista al antisemitismo del Partido Nacional Fascista de Chile (1938-1940)
Authors: Guzmán Gustavo
Published: April 2019

Durante los años treinta del siglo pasado, se produjo en Chile una proliferación de agrupaciones nacionalistas de derecha contrarias al liberalismo, la democracia y el comunismo. En algunos casos, tales agrupaciones adoptaron también el fascismo y el antisemitismo provenientes de Europa, desarrollando campañas antijudías inéditas en la Historia de Chile. El presente artículo indaga en las respuestas de la prensa antifascista chilena al antisemitismo del Partido Nacional Fascista (PNF), principal agrupación antisemita de los años treinta, destacando su colaboración con el semanario sionista Mundo Judío.
Margherita Sarfatti y el fascismo. La importancia de su origen judío y los costos de una identidad no deseada
Authors: Kuznitzky Dr. Adolfo
Published: April 2019

Hablar de Margherita Sarfatti es hacerlo también del fascismo italiano que la tuvo como testigo privilegiada de su génesis y del encumbramiento de su líder, Benito Mussolini, y como autora de una muy difundida mundialmente biografía apologética del mismo. Al mismo tiempo, ella simboliza como nadie la errática trayectoria de ese movimiento político con respecto a Gli Ebrei d¨Italia, (Los hebreos de Italia) de los que descendía, algo que olvidó, lo que no impidió persecuciones, temores y exilios y hasta la muerte de una hermana deportada a Auschwitz, pese a que en algún momento alcanzó tal importancia como cuadro político intelectual del fascismo que fue oficialmente recibida, en su representación, por el presidente de los Estados Unidos, Roosevelt.
Masculinidades medievales: Hombres disfrazados de mujer en la narrativa de Yosef ben Me’ir ibn Zabarrah y de Raoul de Houdenc
Authors: Lorca Paulina
Published: April 2019

La literatura medieval presenta un sinnúmero de personajes masculinos que responden a constructos del tipo heroico, caballeresco o cortesano, solo por nombrar algunos. Sin embargo, también existen otras masculinidades, como ocurre en el Libro de los entretenimientos de Yosef ben Me’ir ibn Zabarrah y en Meraugis de Portlesguez de Raoul de Houdenc, en donde hallamos varones que se disfrazan de mujer. Cabe preguntarse entonces si el travestismo en estos textos resulta o no subversivo, y si existe algún cuestionamiento al canon de belleza y masculinidad establecido para la época. El presente trabajo busca visibilizar este tipo de personajes, a la vez que se establece un diálogo entre el ámbito hispanohebreo y romance.
Lápiz y Papel
Authors: Moreno Lorenzo
Published: April 2019

ISBN:978-1-941969-85-4. Impreso en McNally Jackson Books, 52. Pince Street, NY 10012. 1° edición mayo 2016
Los Estudios Judíos en Argentina y su legitimación en el campo académico: balance y perspectivas
Authors: Kahan Emmanuel N. , Dujovne Alejandro
Published: April 2019

El reconocimiento de la extensión y complejidad de la inmigración, institucionalización e integración de los judíos a la Argentina hizo de esta experiencia histórica el caso más estudiado dentro del creciente campo de los estudios judíos latinoamericanos. Si bien el interés de investigadores y centros de investigación extranjeros continuó y aumentó con el tiempo, diversos investigadores e investigadoras afiliados a distintas universidades y agencias de investigación argentinas fueron sentando las bases de una tradición local. De este modo, y como se propone mostrar el presente artículo, los estudios judíos producidos desde Argentina han alcanzado una legitimidad en el campo académico local e internacional como consecuencia de una producción sostenida en el tiempo que evidencia las potencialidades de un campo de investigación que al indagar desde diversas disciplinas sobre un actor en particular, los judíos, recompone una serie de perspectivas sobre lo local, lo nacional y lo transnacional. Este trabajo se propone reseñar cuáles fueron los horizontes de indagación y los modos en qué estos desarrollos han posiblitado la visibidad y reconocimiento local de los estudios judíos.
Los estudios judaicos desde Cuba, 1986-2014
Authors: Corrales Capestany Maritza
Published: April 2019

En el siguiente trabajo se describe cómo se han desarrollado los estudios judaicos en Cuba desde fines del siglo XIX hasta principios del XXI. Para ello, se analiza la formación de la comunidad judía en Cuba y, sobre todo, los distintos estudios académicos que se han elaborado en torno al judaísmo en dicho país.
Los estudios judíos en México
Authors: Araujo Alejandro , Gleizer Daniela
Published: April 2019

Como parte de un esfuerzo colectivo que pretende analizar la manera en que se organizan los estudios judíos en América Latina, el presente artículo ofrece una idea de lo que sucede en México con respecto a su surgimiento, los procesos de institucionalización que atraviesan, y el diálogo que sostienen –o no– con otras agendas académicas. Partimos de la propuesta de reparar explícitamente en la conexión que existe entre la producción intelectual y el lugar social en el que la misma se genera. Por ello, más que centrarnos en el análisis de los textos, intentamos localizar los estudios judíos en México y analizar a las comunidades que los producen, así como las redes y los rituales de interacción a través de los cuales se institucionaliza la vida académica.
La fe bahá’í y el aporte al diálogo interreligioso
Authors: Pérez G. Jenny
Published: April 2019

“El bienestar de la humanidad, su paz y seguridad son inalcanzables, a menos que su unidad sea firmemente establecida”2, es el principio fundamental que mueve a los bahá‟ís en el mundo. Bahá‟u‟lláh, el Fundador de la Fe Bahá‟í, dijo que para alcanzar la unidad mundial es necesario que la humanidad reconozca que hay un solo Dios, es decir, que todas las religiones vienen de una misma fuente divina. Otros principios necesarios son la igualdad entre el hombre y la mujer, la eliminación de todas las formas de prejuicio, la armonía entre la ciencia y la religión, la necesidad de la educación para todos y la eliminación de los extremos de riqueza y pobreza.

El diálogo interreligioso crea un ambiente que permite explorar cómo la religión puede ser una fuerza de cohesión, de unidad en la sociedad y como un sistema de conocimiento, que junto con la ciencia, promueve el desarrollo de las civilizaciones. Desde esta perspectiva, la religión a través de las diferentes épocas que ha vivido la humanidad, ya sea en los tiempos de Krishna, de Moisés, de Jesús, de Buda, de Mahoma o más recientemente de Bahá‟u‟lláh, la ha ayudado a refinar su capacidad para alcanzar el bienestar espiritual a la vez que logra el progreso social.

Así, bajo esta perspectiva de unidad que impulsa la Fe Bahá‟í, en el diálogo interreligioso se puede mirar al otro abrigando la esperanza de ver a “la raza humana como una sola alma y un solo cuerpo, a la humanidad como una sola familia, y a la humanidad como frutos de un solo árbol y las hojas de una sola rama”3. En este documento se analiza el concepto de unidad como base para dicho diálogo y para la contribución de la religión en la sociedad. Además, se presentan brevemente tres elementos que llevan el concepto de unidad a la práctica: la igualdad entre el hombre y la mujer, la armonía entre ciencia y religión, y la consulta. Se concluye con una corta descripción de un caso en el que se pone en acción el diálogo interreligioso para crear un código de ética, capaz de realzar una cultura de paz y aceptación a la vez que promueve el bien común en nuestra sociedad.
Moyses Chahon, Um dos Maiores Heróis Brasileiros Judeus da II Guerra Mundial
Authors: Blajberg Israel
Published: April 2019

Este articulo trata de uno de los grandes Generales de División judío que participo en la II Guerra Mundial. La narración ha sido hecha en base a información proporcionada por la familia y recortes de prensa. El autor agradece a Vera e Jose Alberto Chahon y al Ten R/2 Israel Rosenthal.
Crítica y tensión: la figura femenina en Los judíos de las Acacias
Authors: Di Miro Melina
Published: April 2019

Los judíos de las Acacias (1936), de Rebeca Mactas, presenta siete cuentos ubicados en una colonia agrícola argentina. En un diálogo tácito con Los Gauchos judíos de Gerchunoff, la autora reelabora el proceso de colonización e integración de los inmigrantes, pero ahora desde una perspectiva desencantada y privilegiando las experiencias de las mujeres. Este artículo propone, en primer lugar, analizar la representación de la figura femenina en Los judíos de las Acacias mediante el rol y los rasgos psicológicos de los personajes femeninos en la colonia, y de la mirada sobre ellos de los caracteres masculinos. En segundo lugar, se detallarán las tensiones que la autora implícita en tanto, por una parte, se critican los destinos vitales posibles de la mujer según los regímenes genéricos en el campo argentino y en la tradición judía más conservadora, y por otra parte, se persiste en la naturalización de su destino prescripto en mandatos sociales y religiosos.