bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective optimization of chip removal performance of cutting fluid in large diameter titanium alloy deep hole trepanning
Authors: Han Xiaolan , Xie Fan , Qiu Lipeng , Ma Haikuan
Published: January 2025

Performing the deep hole trepanning of titanium alloy presents intricate challenges including complex chip breaking, chip removal, and rapid tool wear. This study investigates the performance of cutting fluid in facilitating chip removal during the multi-tooth deep hole trepanning process of Ti-6A-4V titanium alloy, employing a comprehensive approach that integrates both simulation analysis and experimental research. The parameters of the cutting fluid are optimized using the Response Surface Method (RSM). The independent variables are the flow rate, viscosity, and density of the cutting fluid, while the optimization objectives are the pressure and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) of the first and second cutter tooth’s chip breaking grooves (CTCBG). The findings indicate that the influence on the pressure and TKE of the first CTCBG is sequentially determined by cutting fluid viscosity, flow rate, and density. The impact on the pressure of the second CTCBG is ranked in descending order by cutting fluid flow rate, viscosity, and density. The factors influencing the TKE of the second CTCBG adhere to the order of cutting fluid viscosity, flow rate, and density. Considering the four optimization indicators, the optimal parameters of the cutting fluid are a viscosity of 0.001 kg·m−1·s−1, a density of 1100 kg·m−3, and a flow rate of 180 L·min−1. The application of these optimized cutting fluid parameters in deep hole trepanning can significantly shorten the length of chip morphology.
Party ideology and care policy: The decline of institutional care since 1950
Authors: Rogers Katren
Published: January 2025

This paper studies the role of government partisanship in the transformation of two uniquely old care policy areas: the care of people with chronic and severe mental illness, and of children who cannot be cared for by their parents. While nineteenth-century ‘insane asylums’ and ‘orphanages’ have widely been understood as institutions of social control, they also served a social care function, which during the era of deinstitutionalisation was replaced by alternative forms of care. Studying mental health and child welfare policy decisions in 12 advanced capitalist countries between 1950 and 2015, I show that the types of care policies that replaced large, custodial institutions varied with government partisanship. I argue that partisan policy choices reflected parties’ core policy preferences shaped by trade-offs between their redistributive goals and individualist or familial ideals, and the lasting ideological effects of very old societal cleavages. The study contributes to theoretical debates in comparative politics about the role of partisanship in social policy making and the dimensionality of party competition over time.
Rotation angle between the femoral and tibial components in varus/valgus stress X-rays following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hijikata Hiroki , Mochizuki Tomoharu , Maeda Keisuku , Tanifuji Osamu , Omori Go , Yamamoto Noriaki , Kawashima Hiroyuki
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The impact of rotational angle between the femoral and tibial components is often overlooked in the 2D evaluation of varus/valgus stability after TKA with anterior-posterior knee X-rays. The rotation angle between the femoral and tibial components may influence the measured angle and distance between these components in 2D stress X-rays following TKA.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the rotational angle between the femoral and tibial components on the evaluation of varus/valgus stability using stress X-rays following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

This prospective study analyzed 48 consecutive rTKAs (three males, aged 68 ± 6.4 years; 45 females, aged 75 ± 5.9 years). Postoperative varus/valgus stress X-rays were taken at maximum manual stress during knee extension under anesthesia, and were analyzed three-dimensionally using a 2D-3D image matching technique with 3D bone and component models. The rotation angles of the components (CR angles) were assessed under conditions of no stress, valgus stress, and varus stress. Additionally, the varus/valgus angle (VV angle) between components was evaluated under the same conditions. Medial joint opening (MJO) and lateral joint opening (LJO) were also measured in both stressed and non-stressed states.

Results

The CR angles under no stress, valgus stress, and varus stress were 9.9 ± 5.5°, 10.1 ± 6.2°, and 10.8 ± 5.1°, respectively. The VV angles under no stress, valgus stress, and varus stress were 3.6 ± 1.1°, 1.1 ± 1.4°, and 7.1 ± 1.9°, respectively. The MJO in the non-stress condition and under valgus stress were 0.0 ± 0.4 mm and 1.3 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The LJO in the non-stress condition and under varus stress were 0.9 ± 0.9 mm and 2.9 ± 2.7 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

This prospective study revealed two key findings: (1) the CR angle in varus stress was significantly more externally rotated compared to the CR angle in the non-stress condition, and (2) no significant correlations were found between the rotational angle of the components and the VV angle, MJO, or LJO.
Biomechanical and clinical assessment of dissociation in bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Ozan Fırat , Okur Kürşat Tuğrul , Mavi Fırat , Pekedis Mahmut
Published: January 2025

Background

Dissociation is a special type of dislocation that is rarely seen in bipolar hemiarthroplasty.

Objectıve

To investigate the clinical and biomechanical causes of dissociative dislocation of acetabular cup components in the hips of patients after bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA).

Methods

BHA heads were divided into three groups according to their design. Cam-out and pull-out biomechanical tests were conducted to investigate the separation strengths of the BHA heads.

Results

Among the 1684 BHA surgeries performed, the revision surgery rate was 4% (68 hips) and dissociation rate was 0.8% (15 hips). According to the cam-out test result, the highest values in the parameters ultimate force (Fmax) ultimate torque (T), vertical displacement at maximum force (δm), rotation at maximum force (ϕm), maximum principal strain (Ɛmax), minimum principal strain (Ɛmin), average normal strain (Ɛav), maximum shear strain (γmax), uniaxial normal strain (Ɛun) were detected in Type 2 BHA head. The pull-out values of the implants were sufficient to prevent the distraction force that may occur on the implant due to manual traction applied to the hip dislocations. However, in closed reduction maneuvers, cam-out-shaped deformation forces may cause dissociation in Types 1 and 3, but not in Type 2 BHA heads. According to the pull-out test results, while high values were detected in the parameters Fmax and stiffness ( k) in the Type 2 BHA head, δm and maximum force (E) parameters were found to be high in the Type 1 BHA head. In the cam-out test, a strong positive relationship was found between the thickness and width of the polyethylene locking ring and Fmax, T, δm, ϕm, Ɛmax, γmax, Ɛun.

Conclusıon

Better BHA head designs and polyethylene designs may help resolve the rare problem of dissociation, which almost always leads to resurgical procedures.
Pharmacological Activities of Polyherbal Formulations of Saraca asoca and Its Substitute Plants: A Comparative Evaluation Study
Authors: Abidfaheem Thelakkadan , Joy Jibin , Rahaman Abdul Rasheed Abdul , Nagappan Kannappan , Anbiah Sathiavakoo Vigil , Rani Smitha , Suhail Pattilthodika
Published: January 2025

Background

Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wild has been utilized in various commercial polyherbal preparations to treat gynecological disorders. Adulteration or replacement of similar raw pharmaceuticals is a widespread technique in its manufacture due to shortage.

Purpose

The current study aimed to determine the pharmacological efficiency of Kingiodendron pinnatum and Cynometra travancorica as alternatives for S. asoca in Arishta formulations.

Methods

Arishta was prepared using S. asoca and with the substitutes as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. The antiestrogenic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antioxidant activity of each Arishtam were evaluated.

Results

After administering each Arishtam of dose 400 µl/kg body weight orally, when compared to normal, the estrogen level of Arishtam prepared with C. travancorica showed the greatest decrease (131.45 ± 10.62 pg/ml) compared to the other two groups. Upon oral administration of each Arishtam of doses 200 and 400 µl/kg body weight, the edema in the animal group administered with the higher dosage of AshokArishtam was reduced by 65.88% when compared to the control. Arishtam prepared with K. pinnatum and C. travancorica showed 60% and 67.06% of inhibition, respectively. Each Arishtam also improved the antioxidant levels in both blood and liver.

Conclusion

The study supports the use of K. pinnatum and C. travancorica as substitutes for S. asoca in Asokarishta and provides empirical support for Asokarishta in gynecological illnesses.
Challenges and Opportunities of Smallholder Upland Agricultural Systems Amidst Climate Risks in Tropical Asia—The Case of Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Eeswaran Rasu , De Costa Janendra , De Costa Devika , Dandeniya Warshi. S.
Published: January 2025

Upland’s annual cropping systems are an important livelihood activity in tropical countries like Sri Lanka. This study employs a case study approach, integrating a questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key-informant interviews to understand the vulnerabilities of this system to climate risks, accounting for both challenges and opportunities. The findings reveal that climate change-induced inclement weather, pests and diseases, labour costs and scarcity and marketing challenges are the primary constraints faced by farmers in this system. Heavy reliance on agrochemicals and unsustainable water use is evident, with potential implications for groundwater contamination and consumer health. Diversity of crops and adopting a range of good agricultural practices could be considered opportunities in this system. Nonetheless, these opportunities must be capitalised to minimise the dependency on non-renewable and unsustainable inputs and enhance eco-friendly practices. Perception and awareness of climate change impacts have increased among farmers. However, implementing field-level adaptations for climate change has not been adequate, except for planting drought-tolerant crop species in dry seasons. This is mainly due to the lack of knowledge, expertise and technologies available to farmers. The study found that when farmers are more educated and informed about the existing challenges, they are more willing to consider adaptation measures. Therefore, agricultural extension services must be strengthened to provide farmers with the required awareness, tools and decision support systems for a successful climate change adaptation.
Can the Non-market Economy Help to Improve Diet Quality? Findings From a Survey in New Caledonia
Authors: Gaillard Cédric , Bouard Severine , Sourisseau Jean-Michel
Published: January 2025

The Pacific archipelago of New Caledonia is undergoing a nutritional transition that began several decades ago. In a political context dominated by questions of self-determination that reveal deep divisions, agriculture also mirrors this dichotomy, observed through the coexistence of traditional non-market agriculture primarily practiced on Kanak tribal reserves and so-called ‘modern’ and capitalistic, market-driven agriculture. Based on a survey of 180 tribal and non-tribal producers in the north of the main island of the Caledonian archipelago, we analysed whether self-consumed and gifted produce could improve the diet of the rural population. Our findings show an underconsumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, milk, and fish among the domestic groups surveyed, contrasting with excessive consumption of sugars. Non-market practices only partially promote better nutrition. Thus, being a fruit and vegetable producer or a fisherman is associated with adequate consumption of these products, while gifting food, a common practice in tribes, protects against the overconsumption of sweeter products by sustaining traditional tuber-based diets.
The criminalisation of coercive control: Implications for defendants with neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders
Authors: Cowey Erin , Bartels Lorana , Boxall Hayley
Published: January 2025

New South Wales and Queensland have recently criminalised coercive control. Scholarship surrounding these reforms highlights the potentially negative effects on different sections of the community, with a focus on victim-survivors. However, the implications of the reforms for defendants with neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders has been neglected. This article describes some of the issues the courts may face in dealing with defendants with neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders, as a result of the criminalisation of coercive control. Further, it reinforces the importance of adequate disability education and training for all key justice system stakeholders, to improve the effectiveness of the reforms in practice.
Living Will and Advance Care Planning in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Admitted to Specialistic Home Palliative Care
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano , Petronaci Pietro , Lo Cascio Alessio
Published: January 2025

Objectives: In Italy a recent law was approved for providing patients’ wishes regarding end of life issues, commonly referred internationally to as “living wills”, (Dichiarazione anticipata di trattamento, DAT). Regardless of this official document, advance care planning (ACP) is often used in a palliative care setting to share the treatments to start, to continue, to withdraw, thus preventing the stress on an acute decision. The aim of this study was to assess DAT and ACP in patients with amyotropic lateral sclerosis admitted to home palliative care. Methods: Patients consecutively admitted to speciliazed home palliative care were prospectively assessed. The presence of DAT or ACP was recorded. Results: Sixty-eight patients were enrolled in the period taken into consideration. No patient had drown up DAT, and only one patient provided his ACP prior to home palliative care admission. Along the course of home palliative care care assistance, 30.9% of patients provided their ACP. Discussion: In Italy DAT resulted scarcely widespread, despite an existing law, as no patient officially provided their indication on end of life issues. In addition, ACP was given only after starting specialized home palliative care in less than 1/3 of patients. Home palliative care seems to be a fundamental resource for improving communication and soliciting expression of patients’ wishes regarding end of life issues.
Exploring Perceptions of Hospice Care in the American Muslim Community: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Azam Laila , Foutz Renee , Padela Aasim I.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To explore American Muslims’ perceptions and experiences regarding hospice care within the United States.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study of 11 participants, including one patient and ten family caregivers. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a framework approach to identify key themes related to perceptions, ethical concerns, and experiences with hospice care.

Results

Three primary themes emerged: 1) notions of when hospice care should be sought; 2) Islamic ethical concerns about sedation and nutrition, and 3) positive experiences with hospice care accommodating religious beliefs and providing support. Participants’ perceptions of the need for hospice care varied, though many associated it with the last hours or days of life. Ethical concerns emerged around the use of medications like morphine, which could lead to sedation and interfere with religious practices, such as prayer and a final testification of faith. Additionally, the ethical concerns regarding nutrition and hydration for terminally ill patients raised questions about the alignment of such practices with Islamic bioethical values, which emphasize both preserving life and avoiding harm. Positive experiences included respect for religious beliefs, Qur’an recitations, and accommodation of prayer times.

Conclusion

Misconceptions about hospice conflicting with religious practices and Islamic ethical concerns may influence the acceptance and utilization of hospice care within the American Muslim community. Tailored educational initiatives and the integration of religious values into hospice care can foster informed decision-making, enhance patient satisfaction, and improve overall care outcomes.
To Share or Not to Share: Centering Individual Perspectives in Shared Leadership
Authors: Choudhury Anwesha , Maupin Cynthia K.
Published: January 2025

Extant research in shared leadership has generally demonstrated a positive impact on team processes and effectiveness. However, the literature to date has largely failed to examine the individual level processes inherent in shared leadership, thereby neglecting the perspectives of individual team members. Moreover, extant research has also largely overlooked the potential dark sides of shared leadership. To address these limitations, we integrate job demands-resources theory and appraisal-based theories of stress to develop a conceptual framework that centers the individual team members in the shared leadership process. We suggest that shared leadership creates conditions that present a range of job demands for individual team members, and that their individual differences impact how team members appraise those job demands. Further, we suggest that appraisals of shared leadership demands by individual team members may influence their engagement in relational job crafting, as well as impact their individual effectiveness, which when accumulated over time, could impact the dynamic evolution of team-level shared leadership structures as well as team effectiveness. Lastly, we highlight how team members who repeatedly experience shared leadership demands as a hindrance could be at a potential risk of burnout. Through our conceptual framework, we lay the groundwork to enable future researchers to center individual team members in their theoretical and empirical explorations into shared leadership. In addition to our framework, we outline future research directions to expand our conceptual model and provide methodological guidance to empirically examine the theoretical perspectives that we have developed in this paper.
“Now that I am Slowly Rebuilding Myself, I am Really Scared to see who I Really am”: Negotiating Respectable Sexualities by men who Have Experienced Sexual Violence as Children
Authors: Raatevaara-Cameron Kristiina , Louhela Helena
Published: January 2025

In this article, we explore how men who have experienced sexual violence as children negotiate respectable sexualities by navigating the norms of hegemonic masculinity in Finland. We used the membership categorisation method to analyse the data, which consisted of five interviews and one written story. We argue that men process the experienced sexual trauma while also re-building their sexualities. Our findings show that male survivors negotiate their sexual respectability through non-disclosure and by emphasising their heterosexuality. Simultaneously, male survivors may question their sexual orientation through cycles of shame and trauma repetition. More research on the sexualities and vulnerabilities of male survivors of childhood sexual violence is needed. We recommend developing gender-specific outreach programs and raising awareness on men’s perspectives.
Redistributive Policy Preferences: The Effects of Family Income and Poverty Attributions
Authors: Harman Moriah
Published: January 2025

As economic inequality and poverty continue to be a concern in the United States, it is imperative to explore the factors shaping attitudes toward policies designed to reduce both. Self-interest tends to be a consistent driver of redistributive policy preferences; as income increases, support for redistribution typically decreases. However, it is also clear that self-interest is not the only motive for supporting or opposing redistributive policies. Certain beliefs, such as those concerning the causes of poverty, may help explain why individuals do not always act in their own material self-interest. Individuals tend, on average, to be more willing to support policies that help people if they believe that people are deserving of the help. In this paper I ask: Is the relationship between family income and redistributive policy preferences moderated by poverty attributions? I find that the effect of family income on redistributive policy preferences is completely muted among individuals who attribute poverty to external factors. Yet, the effect of family income on these policy preferences is strengthened among those who attribute poverty to internal factors. These findings suggest that support for redistribution increases across income groups as individuals increasingly attribute poverty to systemic factors.
Validation of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Scale in a Sample of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults
Authors: Frietchen Rachel E. , Billman Miller Marley G. , Denning Dominic M. , Smith April R. , Brown Tiffany A.
Published: January 2025

The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-2) is a leading assessment of interoception. We examined the factor structure and psychometric characteristics of the MAIA-2 and its associations with psychopathology in a sample of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adults. Participants ( N = 301) were recruited via Prolific Academic. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between the MAIA-2 subscales, disordered eating, and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. The eight-factor MAIA-2 demonstrated good model fit after removing Item 2. The MAIA-2 subscales were significantly positively associated with body appreciation and body satisfaction and negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. The MAIA-2 subscales also demonstrated several significant associations with disordered eating. Only Body Trust was significantly negatively associated with participants' perceived likelihood of making a future suicide attempt. This study provided preliminary evidence that the MAIA-2 is an adequate measure of interception in TGD samples.
Transient vibration reduction and energy dissipation characteristics of flexible vibration structure coupling with particle damping
Authors: Xu Tianle , Li Yinggang , Gong Yufeng , Li Xiaobin
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a fully time-domain coupling method of the discrete element method (DEM) combination with multi-flexible body dynamics (MFBD) was proposed to investigate the particle motion and vibration reduction as well as energy dissipation characteristics of flexible vibration structure coupling with particle damping under transient free vibration and random excitation conditions. The transient free vibration and random vibration reduction experiments of flexible vibration cantilever beam with particle damping were carried out. In addition, the influence of particle diameter and filling rate on the vibration reduction characteristics is further analyzed. Results show that the proposed DEM-MFBD coupling method is well verified by experiments. The particle motion process under free vibration condition can be manifested as three typical motion states, namely, the double-side particle–container collision, the single-side particle–container collision, and no collision. The vibration energy is mainly dissipated in the first state. Under random vibration excitation, the maximum energy dissipation of particle damping mainly occurs at the natural frequency, and the vibration reduction mechanism of particle damping is mainly attributed to the particle–particle energy dissipation.
Do Politicians Knowingly Create Conflict to Gain Media Attention?: How Politicians Navigate a Mediatized Environment Characterized by Negativity and Conflict
Authors: van der Goot Emma Sarah , van der Meer Toni G. L. A. , Hameleers Michael , Vliegenthart Rens
Published: January 2025

Given the importance of negativity and conflict in political news, it is assumed that politicians strategically seek conflict or emphasize negativity to secure media coverage. Existing research investigating politicians’ self-mediatization relies on surveys or content analyses, and we have, therefore, little in-depth insight into how politicians navigate the news media’s strong focus on conflict and negativity. Addressing this gap, we conducted 31 interviews with Dutch MPs. Our findings reveal that while MPs recognize the media’s impact on the political realm and fellow politicians, their own adaptation to the media’s preference for negativity and conflict is a strategic and deliberate choice.
From Knowledge to Practice: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Educational Module to Increase Cultural Awareness in Nursing Students
Authors: Claeys Ann , Berdai-Chaouni Saloua , Tricas-Sauras Sandra , De Donder Liesbeth
Published: January 2025

Background: Educational programs for health-care providers increasingly implement culturally sensitive care. Clear methods for educating students in cultural awareness are still lacking. Research indicates that simply increasing knowledge on ethnicity, culture, or migration does not improve culturally sensitive behavior and can foster stereotypes. To overcome barriers like othering, a form of micro-racism, enhanced critical self-awareness is essential for health-care providers. Aim: A 4h module on culturally sensitive care was designed, implemented, and evaluated, with the aim of increasing nursing students’ self-awareness about othering, racism, and exclusion in health care. Methods: This article describes (1) the content of the module, led by the Johari Window model and the needs and insights from nursing students and health-care providers, (2) implementation of the module, and (3) subsequent evaluation among 34 participants. Results: The survey findings were categorized into six themes: Understanding Differences and Prejudices, Applying Knowledge in the Context of Nursing Practice, Acquiring Insights through Interpersonal Engagement, Strengths of the Sessions, Weaknesses and Areas for Improvement, and Overall Impressions. The participants evaluated the module positively, identifying success factors (e.g., enhanced self-reported awareness of their own positionality) and working points (e.g., imbalance in interaction among students and time constraints). Conclusion: The study describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a module that successfully increases nursing students’ self-reported cultural competence and self-awareness, enhancing understanding of health-care inequalities and fostering open communication for more inclusive care.
Foundations for Developing a Hospital in the Home Pathway Following Low Trauma Hip Fracture: Using Data to Inform the Path
Authors: Naylor Justine M. , Bùi Thuỳ Anh , Frost Steven , McEvoy Lynette , Harris Ian A. , Lim David , Radhakrishnan Seema , Johns Nathan , Brady Bernadette , Tcharkhedian Elise , Lieu David , Dickson Hugh , Penm Jonathan , Kimmel Lara , Sidhu Balwinder , Ní Chróinín Danielle
Published: January 2025

Care pathways incorporating Hospital in the Home (HITH) programs are available for people following low-trauma (osteoporotic) hip fracture (LTHF) as a strategy to reduce total length of stay (LOS), but there is no published evidence supporting the development of key components of such programs for this specific population. As a precursor to program implementation, a multidisciplinary team devised criteria for HITH eligibility and considerations for readiness for HITH transfer. This study aimed to describe the rates and timing of suitability for HITH when these criteria and considerations were applied prospectively to adults admitted with LTHF who underwent surgical fixation. Prospective, 5-month audit of patients admitted to a single facility following LTHF. Criteria for HITH inclusion/exclusion and 3 time-based safety considerations for readiness for HITH transfer (time [post-operative day, POD] to first complication, time to medical stability, time to mobilization threshold) were applied to patient-level data routinely available in the medical record. Eligibility: Of 114 patients screened, 61 (54%) were initially eligible with 41 (36%) remaining eligible over the episode-of-care. Transfer considerations: 75% of those who experienced a complication did so by POD4; 75% achieved medical stability by POD5; 75% achieved the mobility criterion by POD7; and, 75% of patients met all criteria by POD7. Using data-informed criteria and considerations, we estimate that one-third of LTHF patients will be eligible for HITH with most ready for transfer within a week post-surgery. A HITH program using safety-focused criteria may help reduce LOS for patients with LTHF.
A System Dynamics Approach to Concession Period Optimization in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
Authors: Castelblanco Gabriel , Marco Alberto De , Casady Carter B.
Published: January 2025

The success of public-private partnerships (PPPs) often depends on the duration of a project’s concession period. Although experts have invested considerable efforts into optimizing these periods, few have examined the complex, interactive effects of project-specific risks and bankability criteria on concession durations. To overcome this gap, this study develops a System Dynamics (SD) model that allows decision-makers to estimate the optimal concession period terms based on causal interactions between a project’s main risks and bankability. The model is applied using data from recent PPPs in Italy. The results show variable interest rates, inflation, operational expenditures (OPEX), and debt repayment mechanisms all uniquely impact the concession period.
Indian Childhood Cirrhosis: Report of 2 Cases With Review of Literature and Implication of Metallothionein Immunohistochemical Expression
Authors: Vij Mukul , Shah Vaibhav , Shah Aashay Abhay
Published: January 2025

Indian childhood cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease in infants and children. Indian childhood cirrhosis is unique to the Indian subcontinent and occurs from 6 months to 5 years of age. We report 2 cases in a period of 5 years, including 1 male and 1 female. Both children were less than 3 years of age. Presenting complaints were jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. The clinical diagnosis was metabolic liver disease. Histological findings included diffuse hepatocellular ballooning degeneration, prominent Mallory Denk bodies, diffuse pericellular fibrosis, and marked copper/copper-associated protein deposits, along with the absence of steatosis and glycogenated nuclei. Mettalothionein immunohistochemistry was performed in 1 case and showed strong positivity. The first child developed liver failure and died. The second child was started on oral penicillamine therapy and is alive on the most recent follow-up. Whole-exome studies of both patients showed no significant findings. None of the children had exposure to excess dietary copper. Sporadic cases of Indian childhood cirrhosis continue to occur. There should be greater awareness among pediatricians and pathologists of the disease to enable earlier diagnosis. Awareness of metallothionein expression in biopsies of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis is important to prevent misdiagnosis of Wilson disease.
The Impact of Exercise Training on Psychological Outcomes, Body Composition, and Quality of Life in Overweight or Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Vosadi Elham , Hashemi Fard Elahe Sadat , Mirakhori Zahra , Borjian Fard Mahboobeh
Published: January 2025

Background: Overweight and obesity are associated with adverse psychological outcomes, compromised body composition, and reduced quality of life (QoL). While exercise training has been proposed as an effective intervention, its impact on these outcomes remains unclear. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of exercise training on psychological outcomes, body composition, and QoL in overweight or obese adults. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed through July 2024, utilizing multiple databases. Random-effects models were used to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) or mean differences (MDs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Thirty-one trials involving 2779 participants were included. Exercise training significantly improved mental health (SMD: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.39, p = .0003), depression (SMD: −0.52, 95% CI: −0.86, −0.18, p = .003), mood (SMD: 7.55, 95% CI: 10.78, 4.31, p < .00001), waist circumference (MD: −2.77 cm, 95% CI: −4.60, −0.94, p = .003), and lean body mass (MD: 1.16 kg, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.69, p < .0001). Improvements were also observed in various QoL domains, including social functioning ( p = .004), physical functioning ( p < .00001), vitality ( p = .003), general health ( p = .001), and environmental quality ( p < .00001). However, some psychological, body composition, and QoL variables did not show significant effects. Conclusion: Exercise training positively impacts psychological outcomes, body composition, and multiple QoL domains in overweight and obese adults. These findings highlight the importance of exercise in lifestyle interventions. Further research is needed to determine long-term and consistent effects.
Late corneal guttae recurrence in bilateral penetrating keratoplasty grafts
Authors: Santiago-Leon Andrea C , Tan Charissa H , Dubovy Sander R , Koo Ellen H
Published: January 2025

Background

To describe a case of guttae recurrence in bilateral corneal grafts in a patient with a known diagnosis of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, more than three decades following penetrating keratoplasty.

Methods

Case Report.

Results

A 79-year-old White woman presented with declining vision, right eye worse than the left. She had previously undergone bilateral penetrating keratoplasty (P.K.) for Fuchs Endothelial Keratoplasty 35- and 34- years ago, of the right and left eye respectively. The slit-lamp biomicroscopy exam revealed corneal edema as well as presence of guttae affecting bilateral grafts. She underwent PK of the right eye. Histopathological analysis of the removed PK graft showed posterior nodular excrescences consistent with guttae.

Conclusion

Guttae development in corneal grafts is relatively uncommon and the mechanism of this entity remains unclear. The observation of guttae development in transplanted grafts has raised questions surrounding donor cornea screening and evaluation by eye banks, as well as those relating to recipients’ genetics and intrinsic factors that lead to guttae recurrence in the transplanted grafts. We herein describe the case of guttae recurrence in bilateral corneal grafts in a patient with a known diagnosis of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, more than 34 years following penetrating keratoplasty.
“How did I cope with that for so long every day, all day?” Disruption, misrecognition, and menopause at work
Authors: Brewis Jo , van Amsterdam Noortje , Wijntuin Patricia
Published: January 2025

This paper uses Leder’s work on dys-appearance to explore qualitative data from interviews with 50 menopausal cis women working in the UK and the Netherlands. We focus on the viscerality of menopausal experiences, how these disrupt women’s working lives and how they respond accordingly. We propose a threefold framework of misrecognition on this basis, inspired by Leder. We suggest our respondents misrecognize their working menopausal bodies because they appear to be malfunctioning, no longer acting as they “should.” The second modality of misrecognition is of themselves, because they cannot work as hard or as fast as their erstwhile selves. The third modality indexes these women’s fear of social misrecognition by colleagues and being labeled as dilatory or under-performing due to their symptoms. We understand the additional work our participants take on to manage their symptoms for and at work as an example of what Leder calls corporeal hermeneutics. But we also expand on his argument, for instance by proposing that these hermeneutics involve re-recognition that the respondents now have different menopausal bodies and are different menopausal selves.
Ensemble machine learning for predicting and enhancing tribological performance of Al5083 alloy with HEA reinforcement
Authors: Kumaravel S , Suresh P
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the tribological behavior of Al5083 alloy reinforced with AlCoCrFeNiSi high-entropy alloy (HEA) particles using friction stir processing (FSP). Wear characteristics were analyzed using pin-on-disc experiments across varying HEA volume percentages, disc speeds, and test durations, revealing significant improvements in wear resistance with increasing HEA content. Machine learning techniques, including artificial neural networks (ANN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, were employed to predict specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (COF) with high accuracy. The ensemble model combining ANN and LSTM architectures achieved R-squared values of 0.9653 for SWR and 0.9718 for COF, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.024 and 0.017 for SWR and COF respectively, indicating robust predictive capabilities. Cross-validation further validated the model's effectiveness, achieving an average prediction error of 2.13% for SWR and 1.89% for COF. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization refined process parameter relationships, identifying conditions that minimize SWR to 3.57 × 10–6 mm³/Nm and COF to 0.237. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of worn surfaces confirmed the effectiveness of HEA reinforcement in mitigating wear mechanisms, enhancing the material's durability by 45% compared to the unreinforced alloy. This comprehensive approach advances the understanding of HEA-reinforced composites. It provides practical insights for optimizing material performance in industrial applications, contributing to developing high-performance materials tailored for durability and wear resistance.
The legal status of women in the Portuguese legal order
Authors: Neves Ana
Published: January 2025

The Portuguese legal system addresses the status of women from three angles: the guarantee of equality before the law in all areas of life; the search for substantial equality that overcomes social and cultural historical conditions that hinder effective equality; and the consideration of the condition of women as justifying specific regulation in certain domains. The principle of equality and the prohibition of discrimination based on sex is transversal to the entire legal order and gender is addressed by the Constitution. The evolution of the normative framework and the diversification of the legal instruments that support and characterise the legal status of women is the result of a plurality of sources of law, in which EU law is particularly relevant. Although the field of labour has been legally challenging, other dimensions of women’s lives and participation in society have undergone significant legal developments. Nevertheless, assessments of the compliance with international and European commitments and national objectives reveal an insufficient response from the legal system. In addition to the fragmented and complex legislation, it is important that institutions, means of protection and remedies are designed to structure gender equality and guarantee the effective exercise of women’s rights, which is still problematic.
A method for uniform upgrading of isolated bridges with complex root devices
Authors: Ristic Jelena , Ristic Danilo , Brujic Zoran , Hristovski Viktor
Published: January 2025

An experimentally proved method for efficient seismic upgrading of isolated bridges exposed to very strong multi-directional near-field and far-field earthquakes is presented in this paper. The advanced capability of the upgraded bridge system was achieved by application of the developed uniform complex root (CR) energy dissipation devices. The new uniform complex root (UCR) bridge system was fully validated based on seismic tests on experimental models and analytical response simulation studies. The UCR system integrates the advances of seismic isolation and energy dissipation and represents an advanced technical solution for efficient protection of bridges located in seismic areas of the highest seismicity. The tested large-scale model of the UCR bridge system had double spherical rolling seismic bearings (DSRSB) as seismic isolation devices, while qualitative improvement of the seismic performances was achieved through the use of the created uniform CR energy dissipation devices. Extensive seismic testing of the UCR bridge model was conducted under simulated effects of near-field and far-field earthquakes, respectively.
Associations between lifelong cognitive reserve, Alzheimer's disease-related plasma biomarkers, and cognitive function in dementia-free older adults: A population-based study
Authors: Han Xiaojuan , Li Yuanjing , Wang Jiafeng , Liu Xinyu , Zhang Yu , Dong Qiwei , Song Yiming , Cong Lin , Zhang Qinghua , Tang Shi , Song Lin , Hou Tingting , Wang Yongxiang , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: January 2025

Background

Cognitive reserve (CR), typically measured through socio-behavioral proxies, can partially explain better cognitive performance despite underlying brain aging or neuropathology.

Objective

To examine the associations of CR with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive function while considering Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related plasma biomarkers.

Methods

This population-based cross-sectional study included 4706 dementia-free individuals from MIND-China. Data on AD-related plasma biomarkers were available for 1204 individuals. A composite CR score was generated by integrating education, occupational complexity, mental activity, and social support, using structural equation modeling. A neuropsychological test battery was used to assess the function of episodic memory, executive function, attention, and verbal fluency. MCI and subtypes of MCI were defined according to the Petersen's criteria. Data were analyzed using general linear and logistic regression models.

Results

Controlling for AD-related plasma biomarkers, higher educational attainment was associated with better performance in all four examined cognitive domains (p < 0.001) and with lower likelihoods of MCI, amnestic MCI (aMCI), and non-aMCI (p < 0.05); late-life mental activity was significantly related to lower likelihoods of MCI and aMCI (p < 0.05). Midlife occupation and late-life social support were not significantly associated with MCI or subtypes (p > 0.05). Higher composite CR scores were related to better performance in all the examined cognitive domains as well as lower likelihoods of MCI, aMCI, and non-aMCI (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Greater composite CR, derived from the CR indicators across different stages of the lifespan, is associated with better cognitive function independent of AD-related plasma biomarkers, driven mainly by early-life educational attainment.
Predicting cognitive decline from neuropsychiatric symptoms and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A machine learning approach to a population-based data
Authors: Shah Jay , Krell-Roesch Janina , Forzani Erica , Knopman David S , Jack Cliff R , Petersen Ronald C , Che Yiming , Wu Teresa , Geda Yonas E
Published: January 2025

Background

The aim of this study was to examine the potential added value of including neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in machine learning (ML) models, along with demographic features and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, to predict decline or non-decline in global and domain-specific cognitive scores among community-dwelling older adults.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of adding NPS to AD biomarkers on ML model accuracy in predicting cognitive decline among older adults.

Methods

The study was conducted in the setting of the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, including participants aged ≥ 50 years with information on demographics (i.e., age, sex, education), NPS (i.e., Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire; Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories), at least one AD biomarker (i.e., plasma-, neuroimaging- and/or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]-derived), and at least 2 repeated neuropsychological assessments. We trained and tested ML models using a stepwise feature addition approach to predict decline versus non-decline in global and domain-specific (i.e., memory, language, visuospatial, and attention/executive function) cognitive scores.

Results

ML models had better performance when NPS were included along with a) neuroimaging biomarkers for predicting decline in global cognition, as well as language and visuospatial skills; b) plasma-derived biomarkers for predicting decline in visuospatial skills; and c) CSF-derived biomarkers for predicting decline in attention/executive function, language, and memory.

Conclusions

NPS, added to ML models including demographic and AD biomarker data, improves prediction of downward trajectories in global and domain-specific cognitive scores among community-dwelling older adults, albeit effect sizes are small. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed by future cohort studies.
Insulin signaling and oxidative stress: Bridging the gap between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xu Fengqing , Shi Jingshan
Published: January 2025

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two prevalent chronic diseases that pose significant global health challenges. Increasing evidence suggests a complex bidirectional relationship between these conditions, where T2D elevates the risk of AD, and AD exacerbates glucose metabolism abnormalities in T2D.

Objective

This review explores the molecular mechanisms linking T2D and AD, focusing on the role of insulin signaling pathways and oxidative stress.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search from PubMed, Web of Science, and other relevant databases was conducted and analyzed.

Results

Insulin resistance in T2D leads to impaired insulin signaling in the brain, contributing to cognitive decline and the development of AD. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress exacerbates neuronal damage, promoting the formation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of AD. Clinically antidiabetic drugs such as metformin show potential against AD in preclinical studies; Many natural products such as Dendrobium nobile Lindl. have anti-T2D efficacy and are also effective against AD in various in vivo and in vitro models.

Conclusions

Improving insulin resistance and reducing oxidative stress are important strategies in the treatment of T2D and AD. To understand the bridging role of insulin singling and oxidative stress in T2D and AD will provide insights and broader applications in alleviating T2D and AD.