bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesized Nanoparticle Based Drug Delivery: Recent Trends and Future Prospects
Authors: Kaushik Aparna , Singh Ravi Kant , Tyagi Pankaj K.
Published: October 2023

This review highlights the scope for integrating green nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems with Ayurveda and presents a compelling opportunity to bridge ancient healing wisdom with modern scientific advancements by bringing forward the recent advancements in the field of Ayurveda and nanomedicine. Combining the principles of Ayurveda with green nanoparticles offers an eco-friendly approach to drug delivery, aligning with Ayurvedic emphasis on natural remedies and sustainable practices. This convergence could lead to the development of envi-ronmentally conscious therapeutic solutions. The potential for enhanced therapeutic efficacy through targeted delivery of Ayurvedic bioactive compounds using green nanoparticles holds promise. This could potentially optimize treatment outcomes and reduce side effects, aligning with Ayurveda’s holistic approach to healing. By encapsulating Ayurvedic ingredients within green nanoparticles, the bioavailability and stability of herbal compounds can be addressed, po-tentially unlocking their full therapeutic potential. This aligns with Ayurvedic teachings on opti-mal absorption and assimilation of remedies. The personalized and targeted approach of Ayur-veda, combined with the precision of green nanoparticle-based drug delivery, could usher in a new era of individualized medicine. This convergence represents a powerful example of how the synergy between traditional knowledge and scientific progress can drive transformative ad-vancements in medicine.
RAISING QUALITY OF PHYSICS EDUCATION: CONTRIBUTION OF JBSE OVER THE PAST ISSUES
Authors: Demkanin Peter
Published: October 2023

I have worked more than thirty years in physics education (as some of the readers of this journal), many years as a secondary school physics teacher in various curricula (as some of the readers), and more than 20 years at university doing research and preparing future physics teachers (as some or readers). I am also the author of a physics textbook for secondary education, and now I am working on a new one. Naturally, I would like to have the new textbook, like my other outputs, based on the current state of knowledge and well-developed and well-applied theories behind physics education. And here is the seed of the question - how does our journal contribute to raising the quality of our outputs – in my case, increasing the quality of physics education? I first look at the goals of physics education. Here, I use the most straightforward taxonomy of goals presented in (Demkanin 2013): goals related to attitudes of society to science, goals related to methods of science, and goals related to particular knowledge. The last one I split into two sub-goals – knowledge selected to develop methods and attitudes and knowledge selected to raise the quality of living and general scientific culture. Of course, the goals we can reach by means – by the methods of education – methods of teaching and learning. So, let's look at a few previous issues of JBSE and at the contributions having the potential to raise the quality of physics education. I have mentioned only some of the contributions I will probably use in the next few years. I tried to focus on physics education, not explicit chemistry or biology education, even if some of such articles could be fully relevant to my work.
Glofitamab monotherapy induces high complete response rates and manageable safety in Chinese patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Song Yu-Qin , Zhang Hui-Lai , Huang Hui-Qiang , Zhang Qing-Yuan , Jing Hong-Mei , Wang Chao , Wu Chun , Li Dong-Hang , Dai Yu , Humphrey Kathryn , Zhu Jun
Published: October 2023

Not available.
Is “ai” a Unitary or Separate Morpheme?
Authors: Fáladé Ọpéyemí Williams
Published: October 2023

Yorubá is one of the major languages spoken in Nigeria alongside Hausa and Igbo. It has enjoyed extensive research works from both native and non-native authors in virtually all the sub-fields of linguistics. However, there are areas of disagreement among scholars, one of which is the status of the negative maker "ai" as a morpheme or two morphemes. This argument, among other reasons, prompted this paper. Albeit, Oye (2007) argues that negative marker /ai/ is a morpheme while Awobuluyi (2005), Adewole (1992) Solomon (1983) and Olumuyiwa (2006) have a contrary opinion, they claim that the negative prefix marker /ai/ is two morphemes. In this paper, we shall examine the arguments of Yoruba scholars on the negative prefix marker /ai/ as to whether it a unitary morpheme or two separate morphemes. We shall argue in this paper, that the morpheme /i/ has two variants; one is a nominal prefix while the other is a negative marker and the variants are in complementary distribution. We shall also show in this paper that /a/ is a nominal prefix while /i/ is the negative marker in support of the earlier scholars that claim that /ai/ is two morphemes.
The Queen can do no Wrong: An Examination of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth II in Africa and the Position of the British Monarch with Regard to International Crimes
Authors: Aghem Hanson Ekori
Published: October 2023

Queen Elizabeth II would be remembered by many as a great queen who ruled and reigned for more than seven decades.  Her seventy years of reigned as the British Monarch has imparted the world and the African continent whom she has visited more any other continent even before she was crowned as the British Queen. Indeed, Queen Elizabeth II was even proclaimed as British Queen while in Africa. Although many African leaders have hailed the Queen for the roles she played as the leader of the Commonwealth besides being the crowned Monarch, others have accused her for colonial crimes and harsh British practises administered by British colonial administration in Africa. Accordingly, the Queen ascended into the throne during the peak of decolonisation of Africa.  International law protects the Queen in her capacity as the British Monarch and as the head of state or leader of the Commonwealth nations. This article examines reign of Queen Elizabeth II and argued that the British Monarch is protected by international law rule on immunities as the head of state of the Commonwealth nations and as a Constitutional Monarch of the United Kingdom (UK), despite many accusations from the African continent. Consequently, the immunities accorded by customary international to senior state officials also protects the Queen in her capacity as the British Monarch and as head of state to the Commonwealth nations.  It further maintains that the position of the Constitutional Monarch exempts them for committing crimes unlike the British Prime Minister who exercises political power and could be charged and prosecuted for international crimes.
Individualized Approach to the Formation of High Cancer Risk Groups Based on the Assessment of Immunological Indicators in Chronically Exposed People
Authors:   Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Kodintseva E.A. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Akleyev A.А. ,   Southern-Urals State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Published: October 2023

Introduction 1. Main risk factors of radiation-induced carcinogenesis 2. Stages of an individualized approach to the formation of high-risk groups for cancer 3. Comprehensive medical examination of a patient 4. Determination of risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis 5. Measures for prevention and (or) early diagnosis of radiation-induced malignant neoplasms 6. Monitoring of immunity indicators in persons at high risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis Conclusion
Australian vaccine preventable disease epidemiological review series: tetanus 2003–2019
Authors: Morris Eliora SG , Dey Aditi , Vette Kaitlyn , Rashid Harunor , Wood Nicholas , Beard Frank
Published: October 2023

Background We examined trends in tetanus notification, hospitalisation and death data from 2003–2019 to assess the impact of adult tetanus booster recommendations in Australia. Methods Tetanus notifications and deaths from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System; hospitalisations from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Hospital Morbidity Database; and deaths from the Australian Coordinating Registry were analysed by age group, sex, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and state/territory. Annual rates were calculated using Australian Bureau of Statistics mid-year estimated resident populations from 2003–2019 as denominators. To assess the impact of a recommended booster dose of reduced antigen content diphtheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis (dTpa) vaccine for adults aged ≥ 65 years, notification, hospitalisation and death rates of tetanus per 100,000 population were compared pre (2003–2012) and post (2013–2019) the recommendation’s introduction. Results There were 63 notifications of tetanus from 2003–2019 with an average annual incidence rate of 0.02/100,000. Similar to previous studies, the burden of tetanus in the Australian population continues to disproportionately affect the elderly, with those aged ≥ 65 years encompassing 63% (40/63) of notifications and 100% (11/11) of the deaths observed in this timeframe. Following the introduction of a recommendation for those aged ≥ 65 years to receive a dTpa booster, average annual notification and hospitalisation rates in those aged ≥ 65 years were significantly lower (notifications: 0.11/100,000 in 2003–2012 and 0.05/100,000 in 2013–2019, p = 0.01; hospitalisations: 0.24/100,000 in 2003–2012 and 0.10/100,000 in 2013–2019, p = 0.01]). The average annual death rate was similar in the two periods (0.002/100,000), although based on small numbers. Conclusions The findings of this analysis suggest a positive impact from the 2013 recommendation. However, the burden is still disproportionately higher in those aged ≥ 65 years and strategies to improve vaccination coverage in older Australians are recommended.
El Impuesto a la Renta sobre Herencias, Legados y Donaciones en la Recaudación Tributaria del Ecuador periodo 2019-2021
Authors: Canchingre Álava Gema Odalia
Published: October 2023

La investigación se enfocó en los datos estadísticos de la recaudación del impuesto a la renta sobre herencias, legados y donaciones, así como la actividad administrativa y operativa realizada por el ente regulador para aumentar la recaudación monetaria. El objetivo fue analizar la recaudación monetaria del impuesto a la renta sobre herencia, legados y donaciones registrados durante el periodo 2019-2021 en Ecuador. Para ello, se aplicó una metodología mixta: una de tipo de investigación descriptiva-analítica sobre los datos recolectados y la otra descriptiva-deductiva en la entrevista aplicada a experto. Los resultados permitieron encontrar que en el año 2021 existe una diferencia superior en 15 millones de dólares de la recaudación realizada durante el año 2019 y 2020; cabe destacar que estos periodos son los que tienen menor recaudación, a pesar de que existe un crecimiento progresivo, por otro lado, la recaudación del impuesto está destinada para becas de educación superior, cuyas provincias con mayor aporte son Pichincha y Guayas.Palabras claves: Donaciones, Herencia, Impuesto a la renta, Legados, Recaudación

Absract.he investigation focused on the statistical data of income tax collection on inheritances, legacies and donations, as well as the administrative and operational activity carried out by the regulatory entity to increase monetary collection. The objective was to analyze the monetary collection of income tax on inheritance, legacies and donations registered during the period 2019-2021 in Ecuador. For this, a mixed methodology was applied, a descriptive-analytical type of research on the data collected and a descriptive-deductive one in the interview applied to an expert. The results allowed us to find that in 2021 there is a difference greater than 15 million dollars from the collection made during 2019 and 2020; it should be noted that these periods are the ones with the lowest collection, despite the fact that there is progressive growth. On the other hand, the tax collection is destined for higher education scholarships, whose provinces with the greatest contribution are the provinces of Pichincha and Guayas. Keywords: Donations, Inheritance, Income tax, Legacies, Collection
Deficient Aeronautical Decision-Making Contributions to Fatal General Aviation Accidents
Authors: Boyd Douglas D. , Scharf Mark T.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: General aviation (GA), mainly comprised of light (≤12,500 lb) aircraft, maintains an inferior safety record compared with air carriers. To improve safety, aeronautical decision-making (ADM) practices have been advocated to GA pilots since 1991. Herein,
we determined the extent to which GA pilots disregard such practices.METHODS: Fatal accidents (1991–2019) involving private pilots (PPLs) in single-engine airplanes were identified (N = 1481) from the National Transportation Safety Board AccessR database.
Of these, deficient go/no-go and in-flight ADM-related mishaps were scored using the PAVE (pilot, aircraft, environment, external pressure)/IMSAFE (illness, medicine, stress, alcohol, fatigue, eating) and PPP (perceive, process, perform) models, respectively. Statistical testing used Poisson
distributions, Fisher exact tests, and Mann-Whitney U-tests.RESULTS: Of the 1481 accidents, 846 were identified as deficient ADM-related. Electing to depart into a hazardous environment (PAVE), disregarding wellness (IMSAFE), and poor aircraft familiarity (PAVE) represented
the most common categories (54%, 21%, and 20%, respectively) of errant go/no-go ADM. A 64% decline in fatal accidents related to errant go/no-go decisions for the environment category was evident over the 30-yr period, with little decrements in the other domains. Within the errant environment-related
category accidents, the decision to depart into forecasted adverse weather (e.g., degraded visibility, icing, thunderstorms) constituted the most prevalent subcategory (56%, N = 195). Surprisingly, of this subcategory, accidents were overrepresented by over nine- and threefold for instrument-rated
PPLs disregarding icing and thunderstorm forecasts, respectively.CONCLUSION: With little decrement in ADM-related accidents in the pilot, aircraft, and external pressure domains, new strategies to address such deficiencies for PPLs are warranted.Boyd DD, Scharf MT. Deficient
aeronautical decision-making contributions to fatal general aviation accidents. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(11):807–814.
Standardization of Semanggi (Marsilea crenata C. Presl.) Leaves from Benowo District, Surabaya for Standardized Herbal Raw Material
Authors: Ma'arif Burhan , Elpasha Almay Abidzar , Suryadinata Arief , Dharma Dewi Tanaya Jati , Maulina Novia , Agil Mangestuti
Published: October 2023

Semanggi (Marsilea crenata C. Presl.) is a unique plant that grows in East Java, Indonesia. Its leaves are widely used as ingredients for traditional food. Semanggi leaves contain phytoestrogen compounds that can be used for their antineuroinflammatory, antiosteoporosis, and antioxidant properties. This effect is believed to be caused by kaempferol as an active marker. This study aims to determine the specific and non-specific parameters of semanggi leaves from Benowo District of Surabaya. The standardization results for specific parameters revealed the macroscopic characteristics of the leaves in radius ± 2 cm, pale green to yellowish-green color, smooth surface, obdeltoid shape, and four leaves. The microscopic features are stomata on the epidermis, crystal sand calcium oxalate, bone leaves with vascular bundle, and no space between the epidermis. The organoleptic characteristics are yellowish-green color, tasteless, astringent smell. The physicochemical of water-soluble content result was 7.4566 ± 0.1173% and soluble ethanol was 7.7466 ± 0.4083%. The phytochemical positive test results for the identification of alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Based on UHPLC-HRMS analysis, semanggi leaves contain 0,41% kaempferol with a retention time of 6.88 ± 0.2 minute. The results for non-specific parameters indicated that the content of total ash, acid-insoluble ash, moisture, and drying shrinkage content was 0.8136 ± 0.0171%; 7.9700 ± 0.1044%; 6.2547 ± 0.2864%; and 9.0936 ± 0.1305% respectively. The results indicate that the semanggi leaves sample have been assessed and found to meet the established standards.
Pumped Thermal Energy Storage for Multi-Energy Systems Optimization
Authors: Ghilardi Alessandra , Frate Guido Francesco , Piazzi Antonio , Tucci Mauro , Kyprianidis Konstantinos , Ferrari Lorenzo
Published: October 2023

Grid-scale energy storage systems are essential to support renewables integration and ensure grid flexibility simultaneously. As an alternative to electrochemical batteries, Pumped Thermal Energy Storage is a new storage technology suitable for grid-scale applications. This device stores electric energy as thermal exergy, which can be discharged directly for thermal uses or converted back into power depending on the necessities of the grid. The capability of the proposed energy storage to act as electric and thermal storage fits with the sector coupling necessities of multi-energy systems in which electrical and thermal energy carriers are involved. This paper investigates the effects on optimal grid management of integrating a Brayton Pumped Thermal Energy Storage into a multi-energy system. The case study includes renewable generation from photovoltaic modules and residential and industrial users' electrical and thermal load profiles. The system day-ahead optimization, performed through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming approach, aims to minimize the operational cost computed over a 24-hour horizon. The simulation highlights how the proposed storage technology interacts with the users' requirements during different seasons. The final results highlight that using multi-energy storage (i.e., providing power, heating, and cooling) brings a 5% reduction in operating costs during the year compared to a traditional electric-to-electric storage operation.
Design of Machine Learning method for decision-making support and reliability improvement in the investment casting process
Authors: Antoniadou Antonia , Kyprianidis Konstantinos , Aslanidou Ioanna , Kalfas Anestis , Siafakas Dimitrios
Published: October 2023

The need to improve reliability and support decision-making in manufacturing has drawn attention to the application of diagnostic and decision-support tools. Particularly in the investment casting industry, data-driven methods can be the enabler for process diagnostics and decision support. Images from the microscopic examination in the investment casting process are used as data input, to detect defects in produced pieces. The microscopic examination usually relies solely upon the ability of the operator to determine whether an image from the microscope contains a defect. Therefore, an effective strategy for this decision-making process is crucial to improve the reliability of the examination. The use of the machine learning classifier Random Forest is introduced to derive predictions on the existence of a defect in the input image. This work focuses on employing machine learning tools for image recognition and the developed approach constitutes a decision support model to assist the operator and improve the reliability of their assessment.
Process Simulation, Dimensioning and Automated Cost Optimization of CO2 Capture
Authors: Øi Lars Erik , Shirdel Shirvan , Karunarathne Sumudu , Aromada Solomon
Published: October 2023

A standard process for CO2 capture has been simulated with an equilibrium-based model in Aspen HYSYS. The simulation has been combined with equipment dimensioning and cost calculation in an integrated spreadsheet facility. New in this work is that Murphree efficiencies are varied to obtain automatic optimization of absorber height and inlet temperature. The optimum process was found as the process with minimum calculated sum of capital and operational cost over 25 years. The cost optimum process parameters for the standard process were calculated to 15 m absorber packing height, 13 K minimum approach temperature and 34 °C in inlet gas temperature. This study demonstrates that it is possible to calculate the optimum packing height and inlet temperature automatically by varying the Murphree efficiency in a case study function.
The Effect of Climate and Orientation on the Energy Performance of a Prefab House in Norway
Authors: Ghazi Amirhossein , Barahmand Zahir , Øi Lars Erik
Published: October 2023

Norway has a wide range of climatic conditions throughout the country. The climate varies from coastal to inland areas. Geographic latitude and longitude, as well as the gulf stream oceanic flow, account for this phenomenon. Different climate types can certainly affect residential building heating energy demands and make overheating more likely. On the other hand, a building's orientation has an impact on its heating energy requirements. A building's orientation affects how much solar gain it receives and how much wind it receives over the course of the year. Employing DesignBuilder® software, This study examines how different orientations affect the energy performance of a pre-designed house with and without solar photovoltaic panels in typical Norwegian climates. The results confirm that in different locations, the optimal situation is South-East and the lowest energy consumption without and with photovoltaic panels belongs to Bergen with 83305 Wh/m2 and Oslo with 29442 Wh/m2 respectively. This comparative study will be helpful to stakeholders in the building ecosystem (municipalities, engineers, and designers, building companies, suppliers, and residents) in making more informed decisions.
Multimodal sensor suite for identification of flow regimes and estimation of phase fractions and velocities – Machine Learning Algorithms in Multiphase flow metering and Control
Authors: Kazmi Noorain Syed , Yan Ru , Viumdal Håkon , Mylvaganam Saba
Published: October 2023

Multiphase flow metering is a challenging task because of the complexity of multiphase flow. In this paper, nonintrusive multiphase flow metering techniques, including machine learning (ML) / artificial intelligence models for the identification of flow regimes and estimation of flow parameters of a two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe are proposed that use data from Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) and conventional measurements such as differential pressure in the pipe. The flow regimes are classified into five types, namely plug, slug, annular, wavy and stratified. Two-phase air/water flow experimental data from ECT are collected by running extensive experiments using the horizontal section of the multiphase flow rig at the University of South-Eastern Norway (USN). Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is performed on these data to extract features for use in classification and regression algorithms. Time series of normalized capacitance data from ECT sensors are used to classify flow regimes and identify flow parameters. ML techniques of Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Decision Tree (DT) are used to classify flow regimes by using features extracted from ECT data. The cross-correlation technique is used to estimate flow velocity using data from a twinplane ECT module. ML regression techniques are used to estimate phase fractions. Fusing data from differential pressure sensors enhances the flow regime classification. An overall system performance is given with suggestions for designing dedicated control algorithms for actuators used in multiphase flow control.
Process Simulation and Cost Estimation of CO2 Capture configurations in Aspen HYSYS
Authors: Øi Lars Erik , Anuththara Madhawee , Kermani Shahin Haji , Mirzapour Mostafa , Shamsiri Soudeh , Karunarathne Sumudu
Published: October 2023

A CO2 capture process from a natural gas based power plant has been simulated and cost estimated using an equilibrium-based model in Aspen HYSYS using the amine acid gas package. The aim has been to calculate cost optimum process parameters for the standard process and also for a vapor recompression process. After process simulation using Aspen HYSYS, the process equipment was dimensioned and cost estimated using Aspen In-plant. The Enhanced Detailed Factor (EDF) method was used to select factors to calculate the total investment. Operating cost for heat and electricity was calculated from the simulation with estimated cost on consumed heat and electricity. The cost was calculated to 21.2 EURO per ton CO2 removed and a vapor recompression process was calculated to 21.6 EURO per ton. A recompression case with 1.2 bar flash pressure was calculated to 21.3 EURO/ton CO2. The ΔTMIN in the amine/amine heat exchanger was varied, and the optimum at 15°C was 20.9 EURO per ton CO2. The vapor recompression alternative was in this work slightly more expensive than the traditional case. In earlier works, the vapor recompression process has been claimed to be more economical than the standard process. The difference in this work is mainly due to different cost estimates of the compressor investment. This work shows that Aspen HYSYS is well suited for optimizing process parameters in a CO2 capture process with and without vapor recompression.
Performance assessment of a photovoltaic/thermal-powered absorption chiller for a restaurant
Authors: Monghasemi Nima , Vouros Stavros , Kyprianidis Konstantinos , Vadiee Amir
Published: October 2023

In recent years the demand for cooling in buildings has grown steadily due to factors such as climate change and increased use of technology in Sweden. The increase of cooling demand occurs mainly during peak demand periods, where there is limited cooling capacity combined with limited distribution capacity in the district cooling network. Sweden has experienced considerable growth in the solar energy market in recent years, though its utilization has been mostly limited to power generation. To fulfill the cooling demand increase, solar driven cooling is a viable solution alternative to traditional cooling methods. The use of solar cooling is still in its early stages in Sweden. The aim of this work is to design a simulation model of a solar absorption cooling system for a full-service restaurant prototype building. The system layout consists of photovoltaic/thermal collector, storage tank, single-effect absorption chiller, auxiliary heater, and cooling tower. The results revealed the system ability to meet the cooling load while delivering sufficient hot water for the establishment. Higher solar fraction confirmed that using photovoltaic/thermal collector is more competitive than solar thermal collectors based on restaurant operational activities. A levelized cost of cooling of 0.164 €kWh⁄ indicated the system cost-effectiveness in comparison to similar setups in other favorable European locations for solar energy utilization.
Implementation of a bolted joint model in Modelica
Authors: Dressler Nils , Eriksson Lars
Published: October 2023

The basic mechanics of a bolted joint are well-known and have been studied for a long time. The dominating principle is to represent the parts in a joint as a series connection of linear compression and tension springs. However, traditional models often neglect the tightening dynamics and their interrelation with, for instance the friction or embedment. To study these phenomena further and determine their impact on the tightening process and dynamics, and for developing new tightening control strategies, it is necessary to model a threaded fastener and implement it in a suitable simulation environment.Existing models and experimental data have been studied to find equations that fit the observed behavior. Novel models were combined with standard Modelica components to form a threaded fastener model. The simulation results were compared with tightening data from experiments. This work proposes new models for the first three tightening phases, embedment, and threaded fastener friction. These models are implemented in the modeling language Modelica. The results show that it is possible to resemble a typical threaded fastener tightening with power tools. The friction and tightening phases show the expected behavior, while the embedment model needs further experimental verification. During modeling, the model is susceptible to the chosen parameters. Parameters for the joint stiffness, obtained via the VDI guidelines, needed to be reduced by 30% to resemble the joint in a dynamic simulation.
Modeling and control of WRRF biogas production
Authors: Komulainen Tiina , Mukhtar Bilal , Ødegaard Truls , Johansen Hilde , Haualand Kristine , Jonassen Kjell Rune , Antonsen Simen
Published: October 2023

Wastewater treatment sector uses about 1 percent of total energy consumption in European Union, hence development of energy-efficient digital technologies is an urgent challenge. The aim of this article is to develop energy-efficient control strategies for biogas production from sewage sludge at water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). The case study is developed in collaboration Veas WRRF, Norway. The Veas biogas plant is operated semi-continuously in mesophilic conditions. The process includes inlet sludge pumps, four anaerobic digesters, heat exchangers for sludge heating, pumps for sludge recirculation and a compressor for gas recirculation. The process has two controlled variables, biogas flowrate and digester temperature, the main disturbance is the inlet substrate composition. The manipulated variables are flowrates of the inlet sludge, heating medium, and sludge recirculation. The real semicontinuous operation approximated as continuous operation with two hour moving averaging. Transfer functions were identified from the pre-processed data. The accuracy of the models was sufficient 14−60%. The transfer functions were used to design control strategies with PID-controllers and model predictive controller (MPC). The results show that both control strategies can increase biogas production and decrease variability in controlled and manipulated variables compared to the plant operation. MPC gave the best results, increasing biogas production up to 10 % and decreasing variability in controlled variables by 50−80% and by 92−99% in manipulated variables. These results indicate that implementation of advanced control technologies can improve the energy efficiency of biogas production.
A Comparison of Strain Gauge Measurements and FEA for a Confined Channel Geometry Subjected to a Hydrogen-Air Mixture Explosion
Authors: Eckhoff Daniel , Bratland Magne , Mowinckel Mads
Published: October 2023

Using finite element analysis for rapid dynamic loads without validation of the results can lead to major miscalculation, thus making it necessary to examine the accuracy of the software. The structural response from a hydrogen-air mixture explosion in a confined channel is investigated with experiments and numerical methods. The channel measures 1000 mm in length, with an inside diameter of 65 mm, and 15 mm thick transparent polycarbonate sidewalls. Hydrogen and air were released into the channel and ignited. Four Kistler transducers record the internal pressures. A biaxial HBM rosette strain gauge was bonded to the polycarbonate sidewall, used for recording strains during the explosion experiments, where von Mises stresses were calculated from these recordings. The channel was then idealized as a computer-aided design model in the engineering software SOLIDWORKS. By utilizing the pressure data from the experiments and creating a three-pointed loading curve, finite element analysis was applied for obtaining numerical von Mises stress results. Comparing the experimental and numerical results of von Mises stress show a variation of 4.9%.
Hydrodynamic study of a CO2 desorption column using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Karunarathne Sumudu , Eikeseth Kristoffer , Erik Lars
Published: October 2023

Desorption of CO2 from the rich amine solvent is one of the main operations in the amine-based CO2 capture process. Proper vapour and liquid flow through the packing materials would enhance the heat transfer that is needed for stripping CO2 from solvent. This is achieved by increasing the surface area of the flowing solvent by using the packing material. In this study, the created CFD (Computational Fluid dynamics) model in OpenFOAMTM was able to simulate the factors influencing TCM (Technology Centre Mongstad) desorption performance, including liquid distribution, wettability and film thickness within the packing material. Three scenarios were considered including a base case for a better understanding of the hydrodynamics in the desorption column. Two of these are to compare the influence of mass flow rates, while one is used to investigating potential improvement. Simulation revealed that introducing a deflector plate and CO2 bypass tube has a positive hydrodynamic effect in the desorption column.
Future Potential Impact of Wind Energy in Sweden’s bidding area SE3
Authors: Warners Justin , Vouros Stavros , Kyprianidis Konstantinos , Benders R. , Nienhuis P.
Published: October 2023

This research addresses the potential for increasing wind power in Sweden’s bidding area SE3. Sweden currently faces an energy imbalance, with larger production in the north and high demand in the south. Four bidding areas were introduced to incentivize energy production in the south. SE3, the largest bidding area, represents 60% of total demand. Using Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), historic data analysis from 2007 to 2022 is forecasted to a medium long-term future of 2035. Forecasting the observed trends reveals a potential supply deficit even under minimum demand growth scenarios made in literature. Closure of nuclear plants contributes to the shortfall, and the increasing trend in solar and wind power falls short. To study the impact wind power can have, the monthly wind patterns are analyzed, and used to calculate the power potential of different turbine capacities. Offshore areas show the highest potential for increasing wind power capacity in SE3. Economic factors, like payback time, are considered. The research concludes that there is technically and economically viable potential for wind power capacity to address the demand-supply gap by 2035. However, it depends on permitted areas, excluding built areas, UNESCO sites, and fishing routes. Future research should further explore these restrictions and address the seasonal variability in wind power to improve the understanding of the potential for wind power in the SE3 bidding area.
Green production of dimethyl ether (DME) - indirect conversion of synthesis gas produced from biomass
Authors: Eikeland Marianne , Larsen Sebastian , Numme Oliver , Trasti Eivind Johan , Bråthen Terje
Published: October 2023

In the transition to a fossil-free transport sector, the use of Dimethyl ether (DME) can be an environmentally friendly alternative. DME is a synthetically produced alternative to fuels like diesel or liquified petroleum gas (LPG), and has lower emissions of CO2, NOx and particles compared with diesel. To be a green renewable alternative, DME needs to be produced from carbon neutral resources such as biomass. DME can be produced from synthesis gas produced by gasification of biomass. The synthesis gas can be used to produce either DME directly in a single stage process with a bi-functional catalyst, or in a twostep process in which methanol is produced in the first step and converted to DME via dehydration in the second step. In this study process simulations of the DME synthesis from methanol is assessed. The paper involves assessment of process parameters and energy improvement of the DME synthesis. The study evaluates the effects of different thermodynamic models like PRSV, NRTL, WILSON and UNIQUAC in Aspen Hysys. Conversion reactor and Gibbs reactor configurations, and sensitive analysis of process parameters is studied. Heat integration is evaluated for energy resource management and cost estimation. The Gibbs reactor with the UNIQUAC model and internal heat integration resulted in an increase in DME production of 0.5% and a reduction in energy demand of 46%.
State-of-the-art polyetheretherketone three-dimensional printing and multifunctional modification for dental implants
Authors: Chen Meiqing , Ren Mei , Shi Yingqi , Liu Xiuyu , Wei Hongtao
Published: October 2023

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer with an elastic modulus close to that of the jawbone. PEEK has the potential to become a new dental implant material for special patients due to its radiolucency, chemical stability, color similarity to teeth, and low allergy rate. However, the aromatic main chain and lack of surface charge and chemical functional groups make PEEK hydrophobic and biologically inert, which hinders subsequent protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion and differentiation. This will be detrimental to the deposition and mineralization of apatite on the surface of PEEK and limit its clinical application. Researchers have explored different modification methods to effectively improve the biomechanical, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, angiogenic, antioxidative, osteogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic, and soft tissue adhesion properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in material property advantages, three-dimensional printing synthesis, and functional modification of PEEK in the fields of implant dentistry and provides solutions for existing difficulties. We confirm the broad prospects of PEEK as a dental implant material to promote the clinical conversion of PEEK-based dental implants.
MXene-enhanced ePatch with antibacterial activity for wound healing
Authors: Feng Jing , Liu Rui , Yuan Xuefeng , Cao Changkui , Xie Ji , Sun Zhaorui , Ma Sai , Nie Shinan
Published: October 2023

Prudent wound-healing strategies hold great potential in expediting tissue renovation and regeneration. Despite the widespread adoption of hydrogels as preferred carriers for wound healing patches, achieving optimal mechanical compatibility and superior wound performance remains a formidable challenge. Consequently, meticulous attention must be given to the formulation of hydrogel structure and materials design to overcome these hurdles. In response, we have developed an ePatch composed of polyacrylamide (PAAM) as the primary hydrogel structure, augmented with MXene, silver nanowires (AgNWs), and resveratrol to act as sustained-release agents, structural enhancers, and antibacterial agents, respectively. Notably, the ePatch exhibited exceptional wound-fitting capabilities and impressive mechanical stretchability (with a relative standard deviation [RSD] of only 1.36% after 55 stretches) and Young’s modulus. In contrast to the commercial 3M Tegaderm, the ePatch demonstrated superior wound healing properties, with the inclusion of MXene into PAAM/AgNWs playing a pivotal role in expanding the ePatch’s potential use across various interconnected fields.
Integrated genomic analysis of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants in invasive strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Liu Lin , Wang Yanfei , Ge Lihong , Hu Dongping , Xiang Xi , Fu Ying , Lu Jun , Li Xi , Yu Yunsong , Tu Yuexing , Wu Xueqing
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen that may cause severe invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) in young children and the elderly. A comprehensive comparative whole-genome analysis of invasive and non-invasive serotype strains offers great insights that are applicable to vaccine development and disease control.

Methods

In this study, 58 invasive (strains isolated from sterile sites) and 71 non-invasive (serotypes that have not been identified as invasive in our study) pneumococcal isolates were identified among the 756 pneumococcal isolates obtained from seven hospitals in Zhejiang, China (2010–2022). Serotyping, antimicrobial resistance tests, and genomic analyses were conducted to characterize these strains.

Results and discussion

The three most invasive serotypes were 23F, 14, and 6B. The invasive pneumococcal isolates' respective resistance rates against penicillin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, and erythromycin were 34.5%, 15.5%, 98.3%, and 94.7%. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that the predominant invasive clonal complexes were CC271, CC876, and CC81. The high rate of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP) is related to the clonal distribution of resistance-conferring penicillin-binding proteins (PBP). Interestingly, we found a negative correlation between invasiveness and resistance in the invasive pneumococcal serotype strains, which might be due to the proclivity of certain serotypes to retain their β-lactam resistance. Moreover, the mutually exclusive nature of zmpC and rrgC+srtBCD suggests their intricate and potentially redundant roles in promoting the development of IPD. These findings reveal significant implications for pneumococcal vaccine development in China, potentially informing treatment strategies and measures to mitigate disease transmission.
Anemia detection through non-invasive analysis of lip mucosa images
Authors: Mahmud Shekhar , Donmez Turker Berk , Mansour Mohammed , Kutlu Mustafa , Freeman Chris
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to detect anemia using images of the lip mucosa, where the skin tissue is thin, and to confirm the feasibility of detecting anemia noninvasively and in the home environment using machine learning (ML). Data were collected from 138 patients, including 100 women and 38 men. Six ML algorithms: artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), naive bayes (NB), and support vector machine (SVM) which are widely used in medical applications, were used to classify the collected data. Two different data types were obtained from participants' images (RGB red color values and HSV saturation values) as features, with age, sex, and hemoglobin levels utilized to perform classification. The ML algorithm was used to analyze and classify images of the lip mucosa quickly and accurately, potentially increasing the efficiency of anemia screening programs. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure were evaluated to assess how well ML models performed in predicting anemia. The results showed that NB reported the highest accuracy (96%) among the other ML models used. DT, KNN and ANN reported an accuracies of (93%), while LR and SVM had an accuracy of (79%) and (75%) receptively. This research suggests that employing ML approaches to identify anemia will help classify the diagnosis, which will then help to create efficient preventive measures. Compared to blood tests, this noninvasive procedure is more practical and accessible to patients. Furthermore, ML algorithms may be created and trained to assess lip mucosa photos at a minimal cost, making it an affordable screening method in regions with a shortage of healthcare resources.
Case report: Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy presenting as bifid deformity to the tongue
Authors: O’Hagan-Wong Kelsey , Smith Dana , Gonorazky Hernan , Casas Michael
Published: October 2023

Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) is a group of rare genetic disorders in which affected patients have a diminished capacity to feel pain. Patients with HSAN may present with a wide range of factitial injuries, where injury to the oral cavity may be an early presenting sign. While existing literature on HSAN is scant, many reports highlight the long-term outcomes that may include enucleation of eyes, amputation of fingers and limbs, and disfigurement of the tongue. This case describes a five-month-old female with repetitive injury to the tongue causing it to heal with a bifid deformity. The patient was later diagnosed with HSAN type 4. This case highlights the importance of recognition of extensive oral trauma as one of the early signs of HSAN that should provoke a timely referral for neurological assessment.
Cooperative learning in physical education lessons - literature review
Authors: Zach Sima , Shoval Ella , Shulruf Boaz
Published: October 2023

Cooperative learning in physical education classes is perceived as beneficial. The aim of this article was to examine whether field studies that include cooperative learning in their physical education intervention programs provide applicable data—to allow teachers to choose the optimal teaching strategy in line with their teaching goals. A systematic review of 44 research studies, published between 2000 and 2020, was conducted. Data related to teaching strategies and outcomes were compiled and discriminant function analysis was conducted, to classify the articles according to positive outcomes reported/not reported. Our results suggest a partial association between a range of cooperative teaching strategies (including Jigsaw, Learning Team, Complex, and Complex Instruction, as well as the cooperative learning model and combined strategies) and learning outcomes in four domains (social, physical, affective, and cognitive). Our literature review reveals that while the published data is valuable, additional research is needed to complete the picture.
Biochar; an effective factor in improving phytoremediation of metal(iod)s in polluted sites
Authors: Boorboori Mohammad Reza , Lackóová Lenka
Published: October 2023

Phytoremediation is one of the cheapest and most widely used technologies for stabilizing and extracting pollutants from contaminated sites. Recently, a variety of solutions, such as the use of different elements, compost, nanoparticles, microorganisms, etc., have been explored for improving and accelerating the phytoremediation process. Biochar has also gained attention for its affordability, abundance, ability to improve soil structure and plant morpho-physiology and biochemistry, lack of environmental hazards, etc. As a first step, this study aimed to provide an overview of biochar’s properties, and operation by identifying the method of production and examining the differences between different types of biochar. Following that, by examining various factors that pollute the environment, the influence of different types of biochar on phytoremediation efficiency was explored. Also, in this study, an attempt has been made to examine the effect of the combination of biochar with other factors in improving the phytoremediation of pollutants, as well as the use of the residues of phytoremediation for the production of biochar, so that future research can be planned based on the results obtained.