bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence (AI) and process safety: Some cautionary observations
Authors: Frank Walter
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a vogue topic in the press, and descriptions of its potential impact range from apocalyptic to salvational. Interest in the topic will no doubt stimulate the search for applications to support both the technical and management systems aspects of process safety management. Within our industries, maintaining institutional memory and technical capability is made increasingly challenging by more frequent job movement among younger staff and the loss to the retirement of more senior staff. One would hope that AI could help fill the gaps caused by these factors. However, the author's sampling of current AI capabilities suggests that AI is not yet ready to do so. This paper provides some examples of errors and insufficiencies identified when seeking AI assistance in addressing process safety issues. It also suggests some existing challenges to better “training” of AI to support the needs of the process safety community. It concludes that caution should be applied, especially by less experienced personnel, when seeking AI assistance in addressing process safety–related technical matters.
Development and comparison of model‐integrated evidence approaches for bioequivalence studies with pharmacokinetic end points
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Nyberg Henrik B. , Donnelly Mark , Zhao Liang , Fang Lanyan , Karlsson Mats O. , Hooker Andrew C.
Published: August 2024

By applying nonlinear mixed‐effect (NLME) models, model‐integrated evidence (MIE) approaches are able to analyze bioequivalence (BE) data with pharmacokinetic end points that have sparse sampling, which is problematic for non‐compartmental analysis (NCA). However, MIE approaches may suffer from inflation of type I error due to underestimation of parameter uncertainty and to the assumption of asymptotic normality. In this study, we developed a MIE BE analysis method that is based on a pre‐defined model and consists of several steps including model fitting, uncertainty assessment, simulation, and BE determination. The presented MIE approach has several improvements compared with the previously reported model‐integrated methods: (1) treatment, sequence, and period effects are only added to absorption parameters (such as relative bioavailability and rate of absorption) instead of all PK parameters; (2) a simulation step is performed to generate confidence intervals of the pharmacokinetic metrics for BE assessment; and (3) in an effort to maintain type I error, two more advanced parameter uncertainty evaluation approaches are explored, a nonparametric (case resampling) bootstrap, and sampling importance resampling (SIR). To evaluate the developed method and compare the uncertainty assessment methods, simulation experiments were performed for BE studies using a two‐way crossover design with different amounts of information (sparse to rich designs) and levels of variability. Based on the simulation results, the method using SIR for parameter uncertainty quantification controls type I error at the nominal level of 0.05 (i.e., the significance level set for BE evaluation) even for studies with small sample size and/or sparse sampling. As expected, our MIE approach for BE assessment exhibited higher power than the NCA‐based method, especially as the data becomes sparser and/or more variable.
Nanostructured Surfaces Enhance Nucleation Rate of Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Armstrong Tobias , Schmid Julian , Niemelä Janne‐Petteri , Utke Ivo , Schutzius Thomas M.
Published: August 2024

Nucleation and growth of calcium carbonate on surfaces is of broad importance in nature and technology, being essential to the calcification of organisms, while negatively impacting energy conversion through crystallization fouling, also called scale formation. Previous work studied how confinements, surface energies, and functionalizations affect nucleation and polymorph formation, with surface‐water interactions and ion mobility playing important roles. However, the influence of surface nanostructures with nanocurvature—through pit and bump morphologies—on scale formation is unknown, limiting the development of scalephobic surfaces. Here, it is shown that nanoengineered surfaces enhance the nucleation rate by orders of magnitude, despite expected inhibition through effects like induced lattice strain through surface nanocurvature. Interfacial and holographic microscopy is used to quantify crystallite growth and find that nanoengineered interfaces experience slower individual growth rates while collectively the surface has 18% more deposited mass. Reconstructions through nanoscale cross‐section imaging of surfaces coupled with classical nucleation theory—utilizing local nanocurvature effects—show the collective enhancement of nano‐pits.
Effects of Pre‐Placed Nano‐TiC Powder on the Performance of Steel/Aluminum Laser Welded Joints
Authors: Zhu Zhiwei , Guo Yonghuan , Zhang Xinran , Lu Xiangning , Wang Xiwen
Published: August 2024

The steel/aluminum dissimilar metal welding plays a significant role in lightweighting automotive structures. However, the formation of hard and brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in steel/aluminum welded joints severely compromises their mechanical performance. Nano ceramic particles such as TiC possess characteristics that inhibit the diffusion of Fe and Al, thereby exhibiting a significant advantage in suppressing IMCs formation in steel/aluminum welded joints. In this study, an optimized laser‐welding process is employed to investigate the mechanical properties of steel/aluminum dissimilar metal joints with different concentrations of TiC nanoparticles. It is aimed to determine the optimal TiC addition concentration by comparing the mechanical performance. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of TiC particles on the formation and growth of brittle Fe–Al IMCs is explored through an analysis of IMCs growth kinetics. In the research results, it is shown that the optimal TiC addition concentration is 1%. At this concentration, the tensile strength of the steel/aluminum welded joint reaches 98.29 MPa, showing a remarkable improvement of 32.65% compared to the sample without TiC addition. The addition of TiC particles suppresses the mutual diffusion between Fe and Al, reduces the generation of brittle IMCs, and enhances the mechanical performance of the steel/aluminum joint.
Document‐to‐Document Retrieval Using Self‐Retrieval Learning and Automatic Keyword Extraction
Authors: Seki Yasuaki , Hamagami Tomoki
Published: August 2024

In this study, we propose self‐retrieval learning, a self‐supervised learning method that does not require an annotated dataset. In self‐retrieval learning, keywords extracted from documents are used as queries to construct training data that imitate the relationship between query and corpus, such that the documents themselves are retrieved. In the usual supervised learning for information retrieval, a pair of query and corpus document is required as training data, but self‐retrieval learning does not require such data. In addition, it does not use information such as reference lists or other documents connected to the query, but only the text of the documents in the target domain. In our experiments, self‐retrieval learning was performed on the EU and UK legal document retrieval task using a retrieval model called DRMM. We found that self‐retrieval learning not only does not require supervised datasets, but also outperforms supervised learning with the same model in terms of retrieval accuracy. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The Role of English and Its Myths in the Emergence of First Language Dissociation among Some Japanese‐English Late Plurilinguals
Authors: Moore Ashley R.
Published: August 2024

Linguistic distancing behaviours indicative of linguistic dissociation (Moore, 2023) have been documented in social scientific and literary accounts focusing on the lives of Japanese‐English late plurilinguals (LPs; e.g. Harrison, 2011; Kelsky, 2001; McMahill, 2001; Mori, 1997; Takahashi, 2013). Across these cases, diverse Japanese‐English LPs report distancing themselves from their first language (L1), Japanese, often linking it to negative affective states. However, the causes of these distancing behaviours remain underexplained. I share the results of a critical realist grounded theory method study into the causes of L1 dissociation among 17 Japanese‐English LPs. Data sources included interviews, narrative elicitation “comfort graphs,” and language use journals. My theory posits a complex set of psychological and social causal factors, including the onset of additional language acquisition, the experience of significant intersubjective conflict encoded in their L1 Japanese and the distorting effects of linguaculture ideologies rooted in racist Orientalist logics (Befu, 2001). These findings both further our understanding of linguistic dissociation and, because the data indicate that language education is a primary site for the propagation of these misleading linguaculture ideologies, underscores the importance of better and more critical education for language teachers and, by extension, their students.
A case report of feline mast cell tumour with intertumoral heterogeneity: Identification of secondary mutations c.998G>C and c.2383G>C in KIT after resistance to toceranib
Authors: Tani Hiroyuki , Hifumi Tatsuro , Ito Keita , Kuramoto Tomohide , Miyoshi Noriaki , Fujiki Makoto , Nakayama Tomohiro
Published: August 2024

A 12‐year‐old male domestic cat with multiple subcutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) presented with a 2‐week history of pruritus and raw/bleeding skin from self‐trauma at Kagoshima University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathological analyses revealed intertumoral heterogeneity among tumour locations based on the mutation status of KIT. In addition, the expression pattern of KIT was characterized. After failed treatment with vinblastine (2.0–2.2 mg/m2, intravenous administration, two doses in total) or nimustine (25 mg/m2, intravenous administration, two doses in total), toceranib (2.2–2.6 mg/kg, orally administered, every other day) was administered to treat recurrent MCTs harbouring the KIT exon eight internal tandem duplication mutation, achieving a complete response. However, toceranib resistance developed 2 months after treatment initiation. Subsequent PCR analysis was conducted to identify the mutational status of KIT in each MCT and to detect the presence of secondary mutations associated with the acquisition of toceranib resistance. Secondary KIT mutations (c.998G>C and c.2383G>C), which were not initially detected in tumour cells at diagnosis, were identified after the development of resistance to toceranib. This indicates that the tumour cells in feline MCTs in the same case have diverse characteristics. Our findings encourage further investigation into the development of therapeutic strategies for feline MCTs, particularly focusing on the heterogeneous nature of KIT/KIT and overcoming acquired resistance to toceranib.
Temporal and spatial changes in the abundance of antibiotic resistance gene markers in a wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Cailleau Guillaume , Junier Thomas , Paul Christophe , Fatton Mathilda , Corona‐Ramirez Andrea , Gning Ophelie , Beck Karin , Vidal Jacques , Bürgmann Helmut , Junier Pilar
Published: August 2024

In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial quantitative changes in the concentration of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) markers in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Four ARGs conferring resistance to different classes of antibiotics (ermB, sul1, tet[W], and blaCTXM) and a gene used as a proxy for ARG pollution (intl1) were quantified in two separate sampling campaigns covering two and half years of operation of the WWTP. First, a systematic monthly monitoring of multiple points in the inlet and the outlet revealed an absolute decrease in the concentration of all analyzed ARGs. However, the relative abundance of sul1 and intl1 genes relative to the total bacterial load (estimated using the universal marker 16S rDNA) increased in the outlet samples as compared to the inlet. To pinpoint the exact stage of removal and/or enrichment within the WWTP, a second sampling including the stages of the biological treatment was performed bimonthly. This revealed a distinct enrichment of sul1 and intl1 genes during the biological treatment phase. Moreover, the temporal and spatial variations in ARG abundance patterns within the WWTP underscored the complexity of the dynamics associated with the removal of ARGs during wastewater treatment. Understanding these dynamics is pivotal for developing efficient strategies to mitigate the dissemination of ARGs in aquatic environments.

Practitioner points

Regular monitoring of ARG markers in WWTPs is essential to assess temporal and spatial changes, aiding in the development of effective mitigation strategies.

Understanding the dynamics of ARG abundance during biological treatment is crucial for optimizing processes and minimizing dissemination in aquatic environments.

Increased relative abundance of certain ARGs highlights potential enrichment during wastewater treatment, necessitating targeted interventions.

Systematic monitoring of multiple points within WWTPs can provide valuable insights into the efficacy of treatment processes in reducing ARG levels over time.

The complexity of ARG abundance patterns underscores the need to develop holistic approaches to tackle antibiotic resistance in wastewater systems.
Decolonizing leadership knowledge: Context, culture, and complexity
Authors: Owen Julie E. , Pacheco Derrick R. , Yamanaka Aoi
Published: August 2024

Leadership knowledge is viewed as an essential aspect of overall leadership learning, yet questions abound as to who decides what forms of knowledge are recognized as legitimate. This article reviews existing frames of leadership knowledge along with prior attempts to codify leadership knowledge. We then examine the function of leadership knowledge within the leadership learning framework (LLF) and explore how it connects to and illuminates other facets of the LLF model. Finally, critical questions are asked about the future evolution of leadership knowledge and the roles of context, culture, and complexity in decolonizing leadership knowledge.
Partisanship and Export Performance: The Conditional Effect of Left-Wing Government on Latin America’s Exportation
Authors: Cheng Wenjun
Published: August 2024

Are there noticeable differences among political parties over the countries’ export performance? Are left-wing parties more protectionist in free trade than right-wing parties in Latin American countries, where Import Substitution Industrialization remains a legacy? This paper argues that partisanship matters, but the effects on export are more heterogeneous than previous research has acknowledged. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the left-wing governments favor exportation, and they export more instead of being protectionist when domestic industries have underperformed. Cross-country data of 15 Latin American and Caribbean countries from 1995 to 2019 supports our prediction of the conditional effect, leading to a variation in their export performance. We also test such a conditional effect on the subdivision of trade categories and trading partners, to assess more accurately how exactly this effect plays out. These findings have implications for the studies of trade and for Sino-Latin American relations in a changing global context.
National Digital Development Strategy and Its Practice in India
Authors: Zhang Li , Hu Dayi
Published: August 2024

Globalization has produced a wide range of convergence effects. Digital strategies, popular in developed countries, have won a more durable favor among and followed by developing countries, and become the focus of their development, which is also determined by the fact that digital strategies serve as a tremendous impetus in promoting national economic growth and political governance. However, different from the digital development pattern adopted by developed countries, which is mainly based on the spontaneous growth of the market, the situation in developing countries often encounters more serious market malfunction, hence, government’s intervention and the role of transnational capital under open pattern are more needed. Therefore, the construction of a digital development strategy model for developing countries based on the supply side perspective is supposed to include at least the following elements: government, domestic private capital, and transnational capital as well as the interactions among them. Based on this framework, this paper also analyzes how the digital strategy was formulated and implemented in India. The development of India’s digital strategy suggests that a clear digital strategy can generate positive results, specifically, through establishing government-oriented public–private partnership, the construction of digital infrastructure can be strengthened, the leading industries in the digital field can get strong support, and the spillover effect of digital strategy can get enough attention from parties concerned. However, just as every coin has two sides, the other side of digital strategy shouldn’t be neglected. Digital strategy itself can only accelerate the development of a country, but it cannot fundamentally solve other internal problems existing in the economic and social development of a country, such as the limited role of the government rendered by national fiscal conditions, deep-rooted regional differentiation, improper policy-making orientation as well as conservatism, which will make it difficult for the government, private capital and transnational capital to achieve synergistic effect at a higher level, thus, restricting the realization of the national digital development strategy.
Comparing Adopter, Tester, and Non-adopter of Collaborative Augmented Reality for Industrial Services
Authors: Müller Maike , Ohlig Stefan , Stegelmeyer Dirk , Mishra Rakesh
Published: August 2024

Collaborative augmented reality (CAR) is a remote collaboration technology that utilizes augmented reality (AR) to create a shared environment for distributed collaborators conducting physical tasks. CAR became commercially available a few years ago, and its industrial adoption was accelerated by the contact and travel restrictions imposed during the Covid-19 pandemic to provide industrial services. However, it seems that despite implementation, the technology is not fully embraced and used regularly. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to explore differences in the assessment of perceived benefits, opportunities, challenges, and barriers in implementing CAR among different adoption status groups (i.e., Adopters, Testers, and Non-adopters). To achieve this objective, we conducted a survey in the German capital equipment industry. With a sample size of 130 companies, our study is the first attempt to quantitatively explore CAR adoption in the capital equipment industry and it provides valuable insights into the reasons for potential hesitations in adopting CAR.
Binary Segmentation of Malaria Parasites Using U-Net Segmentation Approach: A Case of Rwanda
Authors: Akpo Eugenia M. , Mukamakuza Carine P. , Tuyishimire Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

Malaria is a significant health issue in Rwanda. Its accurate identification is essential for effective treatment. Traditional methods, such as microscopy, often face limitations in these contexts. This paper investigates how advanced machine learning techniques can address diagnostic challenges commonly encountered in resource-limited settings like Rwanda. A powerful deep learning framework known as U-Net was utilized in this study to identify different types of malaria. This method demonstrated the ability to accurately identify the disease at a highly detailed level, yielding promising results. The findings from this study could contribute to the development of computer-aided diagnostic tools specifically designed for regions with limited resources. These tools could assist healthcare professionals in decision-making processes and enhance patient outcomes.
PLC-Based Traffic Light Control for Flexible Testing of Automated Mobility
Authors: Wágner Tamás , Tettamanti Tamás , Varga Balázs , Varga István
Published: August 2024

Road infrastructure has evolved to meet diverse needs over time. This makes modernizing traffic control systems also necessary in order to keep pace with technological innovations and changing user habits. This paper presents a novel design and implementation strategy for the next generation of traffic control systems, with particular emphasis on the challenges posed by the integration of automated vehicles. General flexibility in future traffic management, proper use of standardized communication protocols, and safety solutions are essential factors in addressing the traffic challenges of the coming decades. The system has been developed primarily for PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) and has been tested and verified, providing the advantages of safety elements and software safety solutions. The proposed system demonstrated efficient and reliable performance while the applied OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture) communication protocol assured robustness and secure client-to-PLC communication.
An Improved Technique for Generating Effective Noises of Adversarial Camera Stickers
Authors: Okada Satoshi , Mitsunaga Takuho
Published: August 2024

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) represent the integration of the physical world with digital technologies and are expected to change our everyday lives significantly. With the rapid development of CPS, the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly recognized. Concurrently, adversarial attacks that cause incorrect predictions in AI models have emerged as a new risk. They are no longer limited to digital data and now extend to the physical environment. Thus, they are pointed out to pose serious practical threats to CPS. In this paper, we focus on the “adversarial camera stickers attack,” a type of physical adversarial attack. This attack directly affixes adversarial noise to a camera lens. Since the adversarial noise perturbs various images captured by the camera, it must be universal. To realize more effective adversarial camera stickers, we propose a new method for generating more universal adversarial noise compared to previous research. We first reveal that the existing method for generating noise of adversarial camera stickers does not always lead to the creation of universal perturbations. Then, we address this drawback by improving the optimization problem. Furthermore, we implement our proposed method, achieving an attack success rate 2.5 times higher than existing methods. Our experiments prove the capability of our proposed method to generate more universal adversarial noises, highlighting its potential effectiveness in enhancing security measures against adversarial attacks in CPS.
Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: “Synergy-Net” in Campania FESR-POR (European Fund of Regional Development—Regional Operative Program) Research Project
Authors: Parmeggiani Domenico , Moccia Giancarlo , Luongo Pasquale , Miele Francesco , Allaria Alfredo , Torelli Francesco , Marrone Stefano , Gravina Michela , Sansone Carlo , Bollino Ruggiero , Ruggiero Roberto , Bassi Paola , Sciarra Antonella , Parisi Simona , Fisone Francesca , Donnarumma Maddalena Claudia , Colonnese Chiara , Monica Paola Della , Di Domenico Marina , Docimo Ludovico , Agresti Massimo
Published: August 2024

Background: Nowadays, mammography and DCE-MRI are the gold standard for breast cancer screening. Scientific experience demonstrate an increasing application of Echo elastosonography in breast cancer diagnosis, for this reason, within the Synergy-Net project the objective is to create a system based on machine learning algorithms, a CAD developed with CNNs, capable of representing a decision support in the analysis of echo-elastic sonographic images. Results: 315 female patients at the “Vanvitelli” Breast Unit were subjected to digital 3D mammography tomosynthesis and advanced ultrasound (quantitative Echo elastosonography) and comparative analysis of the two methods. We collected 70 breast cancer, 200 benign pathologies (dropout of 11.1%) and we compared two different homogeneous by composition subgroups (35 with cancer and 100 with benign pathology 20.5%), relating to the diagnostic predictive capabilities of 3D digital mammography and quantitative elastosonography: Group A age 40–50 years, Group B age 50–60 years. Results demonstrate fair predictive performances of echoelastosonography versus traditional mammography, especially in the first group (40–50 years), p < 0.05 in favor of elastosonography regarding sensitivity and accuracy; performances that appear substantially comparable in the second group (50–60 years). We also tested the diagnostic predictive capabilities of the CAD Synergy-Breast-Net achieving encouraging results: Sensitivity 80%, Specificity 72%, Accuracy 74%, Negative Predictive Value 84.7% and Positive Predictive Value 83.3%. Conclusion: From this perspective, the screening of patients aged < 40 years and integrate the main screening activities in patients aged between 40 and 50 years integrated with increasingly high-performance machine learning systems, could represent a valid alternative in the future.
Real-Time Cyber-Physical Risk Management Leveraging Advanced Security Technologies
Authors: Poonia Ramesh Chandra , Upreti Kamal , Alapatt Bosco Paul , Jafri Samreen
Published: August 2024

Conducting an in-depth study on algorithms addressing the interaction problem in the fields of machine learning and IoT security involves a meticulous evaluation of performance measures to ensure global reliability. The study examines key metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores across ten scenarios. The highly competitive algorithms showcase accuracy rates ranging from 95.5 to 98.2%, demonstrating their ability to perform accurately in various situations. Precision and recall measurements yield similar information about the model's capabilities. The achieved balance between accuracy and recovery, as determined by the F1 tests ranging from 95.2 to 98.0%, emphasizes the practical importance of data transfer in the proposed method. Numerical evaluation, in addition to an analysis of overall performance metrics, provides a comprehensive understanding of the algorithm's performance and identifies potential areas for improvement. This research leads to advancements in the theoretical vision of machine learning for IoT protection. It offers real-world insights into the practical use of robust models in dynamically changing situations. As the Internet of Things environment continues to evolve, the study's results serve as crucial guides, laying the foundation for developing strong and effective security systems in the realm of interaction between virtual and material reality.
De Sitter at all loops: the story of the Schwinger model
Authors: Anninos Dionysios , Anous Tarek , Fukelman Alan Rios
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We consider the two-dimensional Schwinger model of a massless charged fermion coupled to an Abelian gauge field on a fixed de Sitter background. The theory admits an exact solution, first examined by Jayewardena, and can be analyzed efficiently using Euclidean methods. We calculate fully non-perturbative, gauge-invariant correlation functions of the electric field as well as the fermion and analyze these correlators in the late-time limit. We compare these results with the perturbative picture, for example by verifying that the one-loop contribution to the fermion two-point function, as predicted from the exact solution, matches the direct computation of the one-loop Feynman diagram. We demonstrate many features endemic of quantum field theory in de Sitter space, including the appearance of late-time logarithms, their resummation to de Sitter invariant expressions, and Boltzmann suppressed non-perturbative phenomena, with surprising late-time features.
Entanglement harvesting and quantum discord of alpha vacua in de Sitter space
Authors: Lin Feng-Li , Mondal Sayid
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The CPT invariant vacuum states of a scalar field in de Sitter space, called α-vacua, are not unique. We explore the α-vacua from the quantum information perspective by a pair of static Unruh-DeWitt (UDW) detectors coupled to a scalar field with either monopole or dipole coupling, which are in time-like zero separation or space-like antipodal separation. The analytical form of the reduced final state of the UDW detector is derived. We study the entanglement harvesting and quantum discord of the reduced state, which characterize the quantum entanglement and quantum correlation of the underlying α-vacua, respectively. Our results imply that the quantum entanglement gravitated by de Sitter gravity behaves quite differently for time-like and space-like separations. It experiences “sudden death” for the former and grows for the latter as the measuring time or the value of α increases. This demonstrates the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement. For the quantum discord, we find no “sudden death” behavior, and it experiences superhorizon suppression, which explains the superhorizon decoherence in the inflationary universe scenario. Overall, the time-like or space-like quantum entanglement and correlation behave differently on their dependence of α, measuring time and spectral gaps, with details discussed in this work.
On the (in)consistency of perturbation theory at finite temperature
Authors: Lowdon Peter , Philipsen Owe
Published: August 2024

Abstract

A well-known difficulty of perturbative approaches to quantum field theory at finite temperature is the necessity to address theoretical constraints that are not present in the vacuum theory. In this work, we use lattice simulations of scalar correlation functions in massive ϕ4 theory to analyse the extent to which these constraints affect the perturbative predictions. We find that the standard perturbative predictions deteriorate even in the absence of infrared divergences at relatively low temperatures, and that this is directly connected to the analytic structure of the propagators used in the expansion. This suggests that the incorporation of non-perturbative thermal effects in the propagators is essential for a consistent perturbative formulation of scalar quantum field theories at finite temperature. By utilising the spectral constraints imposed on finite-temperature correlation functions, we explore how these effects manifest themselves in the lattice data, and discuss why the presence of distinct thermoparticle excitations provides a potential resolution to these issues.
What can abelian gauge theories teach us about kinematic algebras?
Authors: Armstrong-Williams Kymani , Nagy Silvia , White Chris D. , Wikeley Sam
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The phenomenon of BCJ duality implies that gauge theories possess an abstract kinematic algebra, mirroring the non-abelian Lie algebra underlying the colour information. Although the nature of the kinematic algebra is known in certain cases, a full understanding is missing for arbitrary non-abelian gauge theories, such that one typically works outwards from well-known examples. In this paper, we pursue an orthogonal approach, and argue that simpler abelian gauge theories can be used as a testing ground for clarifying our understanding of kinematic algebras. We first describe how classes of abelian gauge fields are associated with well-defined subalgebras of the diffeomorphism algebra. By considering certain special subalgebras, we show that one may construct interacting theories, whose kinematic algebras are inherited from those already appearing in a related abelian theory. Known properties of (anti-)self-dual Yang-Mills theory arise in this way, but so do new generalisations, including self-dual electromagnetism coupled to scalar matter. Furthermore, a recently obtained non-abelian generalisation of the Navier-Stokes equation fits into a similar scheme, as does Chern-Simons theory. Our results provide useful input to further conceptual studies of kinematic algebras.
Generalized boost transformations in finite volumes and application to Hamiltonian methods
Authors: Li Yan , Wu Jia-Jun , Lee T.-S. H. , Young R. D.
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The investigation of hadron interactions within lattice QCD has been facilitated by the well-known quantisation condition, linking scattering phase shifts to finite-volume energies. Additionally, the ability to utilise systems at finite total boosts has been pivotal in smoothly charting the energy-dependent behaviour of these phase shifts. The existing implementations of the quantization condition at finite boosts rely on momentum transformations between rest and moving frames, defined directly in terms of the energy eigenvalues. This energy dependence is unsuitable in the formulation of a Hamiltonian. In this work, we introduce a novel approach to generalise the three-momentum boost prescription, enabling the incorporation of energy-independent finite-volume Hamiltonians within moving frames. We demonstrate the application of our method through numerical comparisons, employing a phenomenological ππ scattering example.
Asymptotic symmetries from the string worldsheet
Authors: Du Zhengyuan , Liu Kangning , Song Wei
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In IIB string theory on AdS3 background with NS-NS fluxes, we show that Brown-Henneaux asymptotic Killing vectors can be derived by requiring both the worldsheet equations of motion and Virasoro constraints are preserved near the asymptotic boundary of the target spacetime. The charges on the worldsheet that generate the corresponding transformations can be written down in both the Lagrangian formalism and Hamiltonian formalism. This provides a method of studying asymptotic symmetry of the target spacetime directly from worldsheet string theories, without using results from the supergravity limit. As an example, we apply this method to flat spacetime in three dimensions and obtain the BMS3 generators on the worldsheet theory.
Quantum charged black holes
Authors: Feng Yiji , Ma Hao , Mann Robert B. , Xue Yesheng , Zhang Ming
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Within the framework of braneworld holography, we construct a quantum charged black hole localized on a three-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) brane that intersects the asymptotic boundary of the four-dimensional AdS spacetime at the conformal defects and incorporates quantum backreaction effects from the conformal field theory (CFT) on the brane. This quantum charged black hole is an exact solution of the semiclassical gravitational equation corresponding to a theory with higher curvature gravity and nonminimally coupled nonlinear gauge field. In the framework of double holography, we investigate the thermodynamics of the quantum charged black hole from three perspectives: a pure bulk perspective, in which four-dimensional classical Einstein gravity couples to Maxwell electrodynamics and a codimension-one tensional brane; a brane perspective, where semiclassical higher curvature gravity is subject to quantum backreaction from the holographic CFT on the brane, yielding a quantum charged black hole; and a boundary perspective, where the defect CFT is coupled to a boundary CFT at the asymptotic boundary and the degrees of freedom for defect quantum conformal matter is considered. In so doing, we obtain doubly holographic formulations of both the first law of thermodynamics and the Smarr (energy) relations for the quantum charged black holes.
Extending global fits of 4D Composite Higgs Models with partially composite leptons
Authors: Carragher Ethan , Goh Kenn , Su Wei , White Martin , Williams Anthony G.
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We perform the first convergent Bayesian global fits of 4D Composite Higgs Models with partially-composite third generation quarks and leptons based on the minimal SO(5) → SO(4) symmetry breaking pattern. We consider two models with the τ lepton and its associated neutrino in different representations of SO(5). Fitting each model with a wide array of experimental constraints allows us to analyse the Bayesian evidence and currently-observed fine-tuning of each model by calculating the Kullback-Leibler divergence between their respective priors and posteriors. Notably both models are found to be capable of satisfying all constraints simultaneously at the 3σ level at scales of < 5 TeV. From a Bayesian viewpoint of naturalness the model with leptons in the 14 and 10 representations is preferred over those in the 5 representation due to its lower fine-tuning. Finally, we consider the experimental signatures for the preferred parameters in these models, including lepton partner decay signatures and gluon-fusion produced Higgs signal strengths, and discuss their potential phenomenology at future high-luminosity LHC runs.
Spinning binary dynamics in cubic effective field theories of gravity
Authors: Brandhuber Andreas , Brown Graham R. , Pichini Paolo , Travaglini Gabriele , Matasan Pablo Vives
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We study the binary dynamics of two Kerr black holes with arbitrary spin vectors in the presence of parity-even and parity-odd cubic deformations of gravity. We first derive the tree-level Compton amplitudes for a Kerr black hole in cubic gravity, which we then use to compute the two-to-two amplitudes of the massive bodies to leading order in the deformation and the post-Minkowskian expansion. The required one-loop computations are performed using the leading singularity approach as well as the heavy-mass effective field theory (HEFT) approach. These amplitudes are then used to compute the leading-order momentum and spin kick in cubic gravity in the KMOC formalism. Our results are valid for generic masses and spin vectors, and include all the independent parity-even and parity-odd cubic deformations of Einstein-Hilbert gravity. We also present spin-expanded expressions for the momentum and spin kicks, and the all-order in spin deflection angle in the case of aligned spins.
Loops in AdS: from the spectral representation to position space. Part III
Authors: Carmi Dean
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We study loop amplitudes in anti de-Sitter space via the spectral representation. We consider loops of spinning fields and in particular gauge fields, and derive various identities connecting different families of loop diagrams, at different number of loops, different spins, different masses. Such identities are useful for the computation of Witten diagrams. Considering the theory of large-Nf conformal scalar QED defined on AdS space, we derive an analytic expression for the exact 4-point correlation function at sub-leading order in $$ \frac{1}{N_f} $$

1

N
f

. Additionally, we derive analytic expressions for bulk 2-point functions and boundary 4-point functions for various families of diagrams, which we denote as “blob diagrams”. Finally we study 4-point ladder diagrams with spinning fields, and we derive integral expressions for the spectral representation of a k-loop ladder diagram.
4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 dualities from 5d dualities
Authors: Bajeot Stephane , Benvenuti Sergio
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We consider 5d KK dualities, that is multiple 5d gauge theories with the same 6d infinite coupling limit. We provide a prescription to associate 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 quivers to the 5d dual quivers, such that the 4d quivers are also dual to each other. The 4d dualities are infrared dualities which can be checked matching global symmetry anomalies and in certain cases can be proven using basic Seiberg dualities sequentially. We also consider dualities obtained by Higgsing in two different ways the same 5d theory, in some simple examples.
Holography and Regge phases with U(1) charge
Authors: Fardelli Giulia , Fitzpatrick A. Liam , Li Wei
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We use holography to study the large spin J limit of the spectrum of low energy states with charge Q under a U(1) conserved current in CFTs in d > 2 dimensions, with a focus on d = 3 and d = 4. For Q = 2, the spectrum of such states is known to be universal and properly captured by the long-distance limit of holographic theories, regardless of whether the CFT itself is holographic. We study in detail the holographic description of such states at Q > 2, by considering the contribution to the energies of Q scalar particles coming from single photon and graviton exchange in the bulk of AdS; in some cases, scalar exchange and bulk contact terms are also included. For a range of finite values of Q and J, we numerically diagonalize the Hamiltonian for such states and examine the resulting spectrum and wavefunctions as a function of the dimension ∆ of the charge-one operator and the central charges $$ {c}_{\mathcal{T}} $$

c
T

,$$ {c}_{\mathcal{J}} $$

c
J

of the stress tensor and U(1) current, finding multiple regions in parameter space with qualitatively different behavior. We discuss the extension of these results to the regime of parametrically large charge Q, as well as to what extent such results are expected to hold universally, beyond the limit of holographic CFTs. We compare our holographic computations to results from the conformal bootstrap for the 3d O(2) model at Q = 3 and Q = 4 and find excellent agreement.
Modifizierter Gluteus-maximus-Transfer zur Therapie der glutealen Insuffizienz
Authors: Zimmerer Alexander , Nonnemacher Lars , Fischer Maximilian , Gebhardt Sebastian , Hofer André , Reichert Johannes , Wassilew Georgi
Published: August 2024

Operationsziel

Durchführung eines Transfers des M. gluteus maximus mit Refixation am Trochanter major zur Therapie der glutealen Insuffizienz.

Indikationen

Symptomatische gluteale Insuffizienz mit Atrophie und fettiger Degeneration der Glutealmuskeln > 50 % (Grad 3 nach Quartile) bei guter Kraftentwicklung des M. gluteus maximus.

Kontraindikationen

Geringe Atrophie oder fettige Degeneration von weniger als 50 % der Glutealmuskulatur, eingeschränkte Kraft des M. gluteus maximus, Infektionen.

Operationstechnik

Zunächst wird die Fascia lata dorsal des M. tensor fasciae latae inzidiert, wobei die Inzision bis ca. 1,5 cm proximal des Beckenkammes reicht. Eine zweite Inzision halbiert den M. gluteus maximus in Längsrichtung der Muskelfasern und wird in Richtung der Fascia lata nach distal des Trochanter major fortgesetzt. Durch die Inzisionen resultiert ein dreieckiger Muskellappen, welcher angehoben und in einen vorderen und einen hinteren Teil geteilt wird. Der posteriore Lappen wird über den Schenkelhals nach ventral gelegt und an der vorderen Kapsel und vorderen Kante des Trochanter major fixiert. Der anteriore Lappen wird direkt auf das proximale Femur platziert. Hierfür wird mit einer Kugelfräse eine Rinne im Bereich des proximalen Femurs präpariert, um den künftigen Footprint anzufrischen. Der anteriore Lappen wird von der Spitze des Trochanter major in Richtung des Ansatzes des M. vastus lateralis positioniert. Anschließend wird der anteriore Lappen mit transossären Nähten an der geschaffenen Rinne und unter dem angehobenen M. vastus lateralis in 15° Abduktion des Beines fixiert. Zur zusätzlichen Stabilisierung des sehnigen Teils des anterioren Lappens wird distal des Trochanter major eine Schraube eingebracht. Der M. vastus lateralis wird an der distalen Spitze des anterioren Lappens befestigt, und der verbleibende M. gluteus maximus wird mit der Fascia lata vernäht, um den anterioren Lappen abzudecken. Ergänzend kann ein Lappen des M. tensor fasciae latae mobilisiert und auf die Rekonstruktion adaptiert werden. Schichtweiser Wundverschluss.

Ergebnisse

Die gezeigte Technik eines M.-gluteus-maximus-Transfers stellt eine Methode zur Behandlung chronischer glutealer Insuffizienzen dar und verbessert in kurzzeitigen Follow-ups die Abduktionsfunktion sowie das Gangbild. Es wurden 15 Patienten (durchschnittliches Alter zum Operationszeitpunkt 62 Jahre) nach einem durchschnittlichen Follow-up von 2,5 Jahren nachuntersucht. Der modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) verbesserte sich von 48 Punkten präoperativ auf 60 Punkte zum Follow-up. Präoperativ wiesen 100 % ein positives Trendelenburg-Zeichen auf, zum Follow-up Zeitpunkt waren es ca. 50 %.
Rückfallprävention bipolarer Störungen: ein explorativer, clusteranalytischer Ansatz bei einer randomisierten, kontrollierten Psychotherapiestudie
Authors: Hautzinger Martin ,   A2 BipoLife Konsortium, Stamm T. , Ritter P. , Bermpohl F. , Bauer M. , Kircher T. , Lambert M. , Fallgatter A. , Gruber O. , Reif A. , Schulze T. , Zwick J. , Niebler R. , Krisch K. , Beck E. , Wahl-Moerk M. , Lang I. , Boden S. , Fehr J. , Müller J. , Müller S. , Eck S. , Fuhr K. , Wolkenstein L. , Kunze I. , Ritter D. , Conell J. , Rottmann-Wolf M. , Berndt C. , Jurjanz L. , Mennigen E. , Spreer M. , Niehaus-Kraft V. , Sarikaya G. , Sengutta M. , Rohenkohl A. , Ruppelt F. , Fiebig J. , Quinlivian E. , Gawron C. K. , Lehmann A. , Wietzke A. , Gassner L. M. , Attar C. H. , Stahl P. , Spengler S. , Shmailovich O. , Kittel-Schneider S. , Biere S. , Matura S. , Hahl K. , Friedrichs B. , Oertel-Knoechel V. , Goldvach N. , Cless K. , Volkert J. , Falkenberg I. , Zavorotny M. , Kluge I. , Menl S. , Betke S. , Braunisch A. , Schweiger D. , Abdel-Hamid M. , Kamping S. , Trost S. , Kalman J. , Adorjan K. , Born C. , Aldinger F. , Dürr H.-P.
Published: August 2024

Anliegen dieser Arbeit ist es, mittels explorativer Auswertungen verschiedene Verlaufstypen bipolarer Störungen und den damit verbundenen Merkmalen zu differenzieren und dabei insbesondere die Rolle von Bipolar-1- und Bipolar-2-Störung sowie den Einfluss der rezidivprophylaktischen Interventionen im Rahmen einer randomisierten, kontrollierten Therapiestudie zu klären. Es konnten 274 der ursprünglich 305 eingeschlossenen Personen untersucht werden. Patienten nahmen entweder an einer kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen (SEKT) oder unterstützenden, patientenzentrierten (FEST) Gruppentherapie teil, welche sich über 4 Therapietage (entspricht 16 Doppelstunden) in monatlichem Abstand erstreckte. Depressive und manische Symptomatik wurde anhand des LIFE jeweils für die zurückliegenden 6 Monate bezogen auf jede Woche vor und nach der Interventionsphase sowie 6 und 12 Monate katamnestisch beurteilt. Die Effekte beider Gruppentherapien erwiesen sich als vergleichbar. Statistisch signifikant wurden in einem multivariaten Proportional-Hazards-Modell jedoch der Faktor Bipolar 1 und 2 sowie die Interaktion von Therapie mit Bipolar 1 und 2. Insbesondere profitierten Bipolar-2-Patienten von der SEKT-Intervention deutlich schlechter als von FEST. Es ergaben sich 3 Cluster, die Bipolar 1 (SEKT, keine Komorbidität, mehrheitlich keine Rezidive, jüngere Patienten) von Bipolar 2 (FEST, keine Komorbidität, mindestens 1, oft 2 Rezidive, ältere Patienten) und von einer heterogenen Gruppe (beide Interventionen, Komorbidität) trennten. Die Unterscheidung von Bipolar-1- und Bipolar-2-Störung ist wichtig und bislang unzureichend berücksichtigt. Bipolar-2-Störungen zeigen generell einen schlechten Verlauf und sprechen auf eine kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (SEKT) besonders schlecht an. Eine offene, unstrukturierte, unterstützende, patientenzentrierte Psychotherapie (FEST) ist generell wirksam.