bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pursuing Reliability and Sensitivity of Pr3+ Fluorescence Temperature Sensing: Through the Lens of Excitation Strategy
Authors: Han Yingdong , Zhang Xingxing , Gao Xiaoqing , Wang Xiaohong , Ma Yu , Wu Liwei , Cui Jiao , Song Feng , Wei Tong
Published: August 2024

Despite the remarkable luminescent properties and temperature sensing capabilities of lanthanide materials, their photothermal effect in practical temperature measurement systems presents a major challenge to sensing reliability. Herein, taking Pr3+ as a typical exemplar, the influence of excitation wavelength and excitation approach on temperature sensing is systematically examined. The pulsed laser excitation method is identified as an efficient tactic to restrain the self‐heating of luminescence materials. In accordance with this principle, it is discovered that diverse excitation wavelengths give rise to alterations in the internal energy transport channels and further impact the temperature sensing performance. The 980 nm pulsed laser can result in the non‐thermal coupling occupying states of 3P0/3P1, which are recognized as thermal coupling energy levels in the conventional concept, and yield a relative sensitivity (Sr) performance more than three times superior to that of down‐shifting‐based sensing. The work provides a comprehensive analytical solution for achieving highly sensitive and stable temperature sensing based on excitation wavelength and working mode strategies.
Impacts of the Lattice Strain on Light Emission in Layered Perovskite Thin flakes
Authors: Zhang Zhonglong , Zhou Runhui , Li Meili , Zhang Yan‐Fang , Mo Yepei , Yu Yang , Xu Zhangsheng , Sun Boning , Wu Wenqiang , Lu Qiuchun , Lu Nan , Xie Jin , Mo Xiaoming , Du Shixuan , Pan Caofeng
Published: August 2024

Strain engineering, as a non‐chemical tuning knob, can enhance the performance of semiconductor devices. Here, an efficient manipulation of light emission is revealed in thin‐layered 2D perovskite strongly correlated to layer numbers of [PbI6]4− octahedron (n) and [C6H5(CH2)2NH3]2(CH3NH3)n‐1PbnI3n+1 (N) by applying uniaxial strains (ɛ) via bending the flexible substrate. As  increases from 1 to 3, an efficient light emission redshift (ɛ from −0.97% to 0.97%) is observed from bandgap shrinkage, and the shrinkage rate increases from 1.97 to 10.38 meV/%, which is attributed to the predominant uniaxial intralayer deformation due to the anisotropy of the [PbI6]4− octahedron lattice strain. Conversely, as  increases from 7 to 48 for n = 3, the deformation related to bandgap shrinkage rate is more prominent in small‐N flakes ( ≈ 7, 15.2 meV/%) but is easily offset in large‐N flakes ( ≈ 48, 7.7 meV/%). This anisotropic lattice deformation, meanwhile, inevitably modulates the carrier recombination dynamics of [C6H5(CH2)2NH3]2(CH3NH3)n‐1PbnI3n+1, which is essential for the development of highly efficient photoelectronic devices.
Synergetic Carbonyl and Heptagonal Structure for Single‐Molecule White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Yang Guo‐Xi , Chen Zijian , Yang Zhihai , Liu Denghui , Jiang Simin , Li Deli , Hu Juntao , Li Mengke , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: August 2024

Recently, an ever‐growing interest has been paid on organic single‐molecule white light‐emitting materials for effective white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). However, subject to Kasha's rule, photons can only be emitted from the lowest excited state and thus panchromatic or dual emissions are extremely forbidden, which results in a certain challenge in achieving white emission. Herein, a strategy of synergetic carbonyl and heptagonal structure is proposed for organic single‐molecule white light emission and demonstrated by TAO/TABO/TA2O organic luminescent materials that are modified on aryl ketones/amine fragments. Among them, due to the robust intermolecular interactions triggered by synergetic carbonyl and heptagonal structure, TA2O exhibits vibrant monomer and dimer photoluminescence with dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics. As a result, the first single‐molecule dual‐TADF WOLED based on the synergetic system is successfully fabricated with an external quantum efficiency of 7.2%. This study not only expands the scope of carbonyl and heptagonal structure for novel optoelectronic properties and applications but also opens new avenues for the development of efficient single‐molecule WOLEDs with dual TADF mechanisms.
Perspectives and Energy Applications of Magnetocaloric, Pyromagnetic, Electrocaloric, and Pyroelectric Materials
Authors: Klinar Katja , Law Jia Yan , Franco Victorino , Moya Xavier , Kitanovski Andrej
Published: August 2024

This perspective provides an overview of the state of research and innovation in the areas of magnetocaloric and pyromagnetic materials, and electrocaloric and pyroelectric materials, including the overlapping sub‐areas of multicaloric and multipyro materials that can operate simultaneously under the application of magnetic and electric fields. These materials are critically examined for their potential to revolutionize cooling, heating, and energy‐harvesting applications. This perspective first summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art advancements and highlights recent significant developments. Then, it is identified and discussed that the prevailing challenges hindering the widespread adoption of technologies based on these materials. In this context, after consulting with members of the caloric and pyro communities, a technology roadmap is outlined to guide research efforts in overcoming current barriers to applications, with the goal of achieving impactful results by 2040. This roadmap emphasizes the importance of focusing on under‐researched materials, novel devices, and application spaces, paving the way for interdisciplinary efforts that can lead to significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions.
Iron Single Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: Toward Carbon Free Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Nittoor‐Veedu Radhika , Ju Xiaohui , Pumera Martin
Published: August 2024

Ammonia plays a pivotal role globally, profoundly impacting human activities, especially in agriculture, chemical production, and the textile sector. As the most efficient carbon‐free hydrogen carrier, ammonia is vital for transporting energy over long distances. Haber‐Bosch process producing ammonia from nitrogen accounts for ≈2% of global energy production. Electrochemical conversion offers a sustainable, long‐term solution for ammonia synthesis due to its environmentally friendly characteristics. This approach complements the traditional Haber‐Bosch process, known for its harsh operational conditions and significant CO2 emissions. Iron (Fe), serving as the active catalytic site in the Haber‐Bosch process and a vital nitrogenase component for biological nitrogen fixation, exhibits superiority over other non‐noble metals in catalyzing ammonia synthesis. Therefore, investigating single‐atom Fe is attracting significant attention for its potential application in electrochemical ammonia synthesis. In this review, the recent advancements in the design and synthesis of single‐atom Fe‐based catalysts for electrochemical ammonia production are summarized. The topic of synthesis and characterization of Fe single‐atom catalysts, as well as their application in the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen and nitrate to ammonia is covered. Additionally, insights are provided into the current challenges and considerations for future directions aimed at designing efficiently Fe single atom‐based catalysts.
Suppressed Degradation Process of Green‐Solvent Based Organic Solar Cells Through ZnO Modification With Sulfhydryl Derivatives
Authors: Li Zerui , Li Yunan , Zhang Jinsheng , Guo Renjun , Sun Kun , Jiang Xiongzhuo , Wang Peixi , Tu Suo , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Li Zhiyun , Ma Chang‐Qi , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: August 2024

The interface of organic solar cells plays a crucial role in device performance and stability. Several investigations demonstrated that the interface will affect the morphology and microstructure of the active layer, which is important for device performance. Here, several mercaptan derivatives are explored in green‐solvent based organic solar cells (PBDB‐TF‐T1: BTP‐4F‐12) as effective stabilization modifiers on ZnO. Operando grazing‐incidence wide/small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) provides a deep understanding of the degradation process during operation. The degradation process is driven by a compression of the molecule stacking as well as a decrease in the donor crystallinity, besides the known decomposition of the acceptor at the interface. Solar cell degradation comprises three stages, where an unexpected component from the acceptor appears in the second stage, simultaneously with a shapely shrinking micro‐structure. Furthermore, the interface modifier pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercapto‐propionate) (PETMP) stabilizes the crystallinity of the donor as well as suppresses the decomposition of the acceptor, thus improving the device stability. The modification effect is caused by the interaction between Zn and S from the sulfhydryl groups of the mercaptan derivatives. Thus, studies of changes in the active layer morphology extend the knowledge from ex situ characterizations, broadening the understanding of the degradation mechanisms.
Thermal Annealing Effects on Long‐Lived Fluorenol Room Temperature Phosphorescence for Styrene Detection
Authors: Hou Hui , Wang Hao , He Meiyi , Li Qiankun , Wang Xiaojuan , Guo Fengling , Chen Qingao , Qu Lunjun , Yang Chaolong
Published: August 2024

Fluorene derivatives have been widely developed in OLEDs because of its efficient fluorescence quantum efficiency, but for which unique rigid biphenyl planar structure and large conjugated system, we hypothesize that they have a great potential for room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) applications, and confirmed this conjecture by subjecting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and phosphors to thermal annealing. The cross‐linked structure formed during thermal annealing judiciously modulates the phosphorescence emission characteristics of the fluorenol with the synergistic interaction between PVA and fluorenol. Specifically, the lifetime exhibited a substantial increase from 1352.2 ms to 2874.1 ms, accompanied by a quantum yield augmentation from 4.8 % to 11.3 %, which substantiate that cross‐linked induced by thermal annealing effectively amplifies the phosphorescent intensity and stability of the phosphors, facilitating ultralong phosphorescent emission at ambient conditions. Furthermore, an effective probe based on this film is developed for its highly sensitive, quantitative and immediate detection of volatile organic compounds. This investigation not only proffers a novel paradigm for the development of advanced RTP materials but also imparts insightful considerations for optimizing the performance of polymers in conjunction with functional materials, encompassing bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronic devices.
Nonflammable Fluorinated Electrolyte Realizing High Voltage Anode‐Free Zn Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Kang , Liu Gaohong , Zhu Xiao , Liu Gaopan , Yu Xiaomeng , Guo Ziyang , Wang Yonggang
Published: August 2024

Due to the low decomposition potential of H2O and its corrosive effect to Zn foil, the Zn metal battery with aqueous electrolytes operates within a narrow electrochemical window and exhibits low anode utilization ratio. Fluorinated carbonate ester, exhibiting low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, is suitable for constructing high‐voltage batteries, yet its application in Zn metal battery has been scarcely explored. Herein, we propose an electrolyte based on fluorinated solvents and ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) additive, which exhibits a high decomposition voltage of 2.75 V in Zn batteries. The fluorinated carbonate esters possess non‐flammability and exhibit reduced solvation capacity which in turn promotes the incorporation of anions into Zn2+ solvation shell. Consequently, an anion‐derived interface layer is formed on Zn anode, aiding the compact and planar growth of deposited Zn. Therefore, the Zn//Zn cell exhibits an impressive Zn utilization of 91 % for 140 h, a level seldom reported previously. Benefitting from the oxidation resistant solvents and cathode‐electrolyte interface layer formed by PFPN additive, the Zn//graphite dual‐ions battery shows an extended cycling life of 1000 cycles. Furthermore, an anode‐free cell was constructed and stably operated for 100 cycles, with a notably high average discharge midpoint voltage of 1.84 V.
Triazine‐Based Large‐Sized Single‐Crystalline Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Jiaheng , Liu Hui , Gao Meng , Pan Qingyan , Zhao Yingjie
Published: August 2024

A large‐sized single crystalline 2D COFs with excellent crystallinity and stability was prepared through the traditional thermal solvent method. The electrochemical performance can be significantly enhanced using a straightforward hybrid approach that involves in situ growth of the 2D COFs on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Both the advantages of COFs and CNTs are mutually enhanced. The single‐crystalline feature of the obtained COFs improves the structural integrity and brings excellent chemical and electrochemical stabilities for lithium‐ion battery applications. The resultant COF‐CNT core–shell hybrids greatly improved the conductivity and demonstrated excellent lithium‐ion storage performance with a high capacity of 228 mAh g−1 (0.2 A g−1).
Surface Reaction Induced Compressive Strain for Stable Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Ying , Sun Xiangnan , Liu Tianjun , Zhang Wei , Xu Peng , Li Bowen , Zhao Xiaoming , Guo Wanlin
Published: August 2024

Cesium‐based inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising light‐harvesting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their promising thermal‐ and photo‐stability. However, obstacles to commercialization remain regarding their phase instability. In this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to regulate the surface compressive strain via in situ surface reaction to stabilize CsPbI3 perovskite. The use of a chelating ligand with a molecular configuration closely matching the integer multiples of the unit cell lattice parameters of CsPbI3 induces compressive strain at the surface of CsPbI3. The chemical bonding and strain modulation synergistically not only passivate film defects, but also inhibit perovskite phase degradation, thus significantly improving the intrinsic stability of inorganic perovskite. Consequently, enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.0 % and 18.6 % were respectively achieved in 0.16‐cm2 lab‐scale devices and 25.3‐cm2 solar modules. Further, surface reaction enables PSCs with enhanced thermal and operational stability; these devices retain over 95 % of their initial PCE after damp‐heat tests (i.e., in 85 °C and 85 % R. H. air) for 2000 h, and remain 99 % of their initial PCE after operating for 2000 h, representing one of the most stable inorganic PSCs reported so far.
Eliminating Hydrogen Fluoride through Piperidine‐Doped Separators for Stable Li Metal Batteries with Nickel‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Ding Luoyi , Chen Yuanmao , Sheng Yeliang , Yue Xinyang , Liang Zheng
Published: August 2024

Hydrofluoric acid (HF)‐induced electrode and interfacial structure degeneration poses a significant challenge for high‐voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs). To address this issue, we propose a separator strategy that involves decorating a regular polyethylene (PE) separator with molecular sieves (TW) impregnated with piperidine (PI). The porous structure of the TW serves as a reaction chamber for PI and HF. As a result, the HF content in the controlled electrolyte with 500 ppm H2O (ELE‐500) is notably reduced when using TW@PI‐PE separators, thereby shielding nickel‐rich cathodes from HF etching. Simultaneously, due to the hydrolysis of Li salts, and the inertness of PI towards H2O, a uniform lithium fluoride (LiF)‐rich solid electrolyte interphase can form on the Li metal anode, further mitigating dendrite formation. The lifespan of the symmetric Li cell using the TW@PI‐PE separator is doubled in ELE‐500, exhibiting stable 500‐hour cycles at 3 mA cm−2 and 3 mAh cm−2. Additionally, with the effective limitation of transition metal (TM) dissolution, the 4.6‐V LMBs employing a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode maintain an 81 % capacity retention over 100 cycles, even in ELE‐1000. The innovative TW@PI system presented here offers a fresh perspective for future research aimed at eliminating HF in LMBs.
Carbenoids with Sulfinate as Nucleofuge for Matteson‐Type Homologation: Direct Insertion of Oxygen‐ and Nitrogen‐Substituted Units into Carbon‐Boron Bonds
Authors: Liu Qianyi , Dong Guangbin
Published: August 2024

Carbenoid insertion into boronate carbon‐boron bonds, namely the Matteson‐type homologation, has been recognized as a powerful tool for constructing carbon‐carbon bonds. However, some limitations and inconvenience still exist with the carbenoids currently employed, such as the use of highly cryogenic and basic conditions. Herein, we report a new class of stable carbenoids with sulfinate as nucleofuge for Matteson‐type homologations, which directly introduce O‐ and N‐substituted methylenes into carbon‐boron bonds. Enabled by oxazaborolidines as the boronic substrates, the reaction is operatable at 0 °C or room temperature with weaker bases. Broad functional groups, including acidic C−H bonds, can be tolerated. The synthetic utility of this method has been demonstrated in the gram‐scale synthesis and iterative insertion of various carbenoids.
Synthesis and Solvent Free DLP 3D Printing of Degradable Poly(Allyl Glycidyl Ether Succinate)
Authors: Segal Maddison I. , Bahnick Alexander J. , Judge Nicola G. , Becker Matthew L.
Published: August 2024

Digital light processing (DLP) printing forms solid constructs from fluidic resins by photochemically crosslinking polymeric resins with reactive functional groups. DLP is used widely due to its efficient, high‐resolution printing, but its use and translational potential has been limited in some applications as state‐of‐the‐art resins experience unpredictable and anisotropic part shrinkage due to the use of solvent needed to reduce resin viscosity and layer dependent crosslinking. Herein, poly(allyl glycidyl ether succinate) (PAGES), a low viscosity, degradable polyester, was synthesized by ring opening copolymerization and used in combination with degradable thiol crosslinkers to afford a solvent free resin that can be utilized in DLP printing. Varying resin formulations of PAGES polymer are shown to decrease part shrinkage from 14 % to 0.3 %. Photochemically printed parts fabricated from PAGES possess tensile moduli between 0.43 and 6.18 MPa and degradation profiles are shown to vary between 12 and 40 days under accelerated conditions based on degree of polymerization and crosslink ratio.
Structural regulation and property balancing of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer‐based oil‐absorbing expandable rubber modified with flexible α‐olefins
Authors: Zou Jincheng , Liang Junyi , Luo Siyu , Hong Xiaofeng , Yin Kaiju , Fu Yujie , Fan Minmin , Zhang Xi
Published: August 2024

To regulate the comprehensive performance of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM)‐based oil‐absorbing expandable rubber, a series of irradiated α‐olefin‐EPDM7001 rubbers (EOR7001‐X‐Y) are prepared. The influence of the carbon chain length and content of α‐olefins on the structure and properties of the rubber is systematically investigated. Results show that EOR7001‐X‐Y possesses a cross‐linked network structure, and its gel fraction decreases gradually with the increase in carbon chain length and content of α‐olefins. The incorporation of α‐octadecene successfully creates micro‐nanoscale porous structures within the rubber matrix, providing favorable conditions for oil absorption. The introduction of α‐olefins and changes in irradiation dose do not significantly affect the thermal stability of EPDM7001 rubber. The tensile strength slightly reduces, while elongation at break significantly increases, improving the deformation capability. EOR7001‐18‐20 demonstrates exceptional resistance to aging and withstands external forces even after oil absorption. This study supports the development of high‐performance oil‐absorbing expandable rubber.
Bio‐based poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/polyamide 56 blend fibers via melt spinning: Preparation, structure, and properties
Authors: Wang Aming , Duan Zeping , Yu Dongzheng , Qin Shihua , Liu Qingsheng , Li Dawei , Li Haoxuan , Deng Bingyao , Xu Weilin
Published: August 2024

Melt‐spun poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and polyamide 56 (PA56) fibers are generally prepared individually. Herein, inspired by the complementary properties of these two materials, PTT/PA56 blend fibers were prepared by two‐step melt spinning and drawing processes. The regularity of crystalline regions, overall orientation in crystalline and amorphous regions, and dimensional stability under hot and humid conditions can be improved by increasing drawing temperature. The most suitable drawing temperature is 90°C, at which 4‐fold drawn PTT and PA56 fibers show tenacity of 2.94 and 3.54 cN/dtex, respectively. An increase in draw ratio leads to increase in the order of crystal regions and overall orientation in crystalline and amorphous phases. Interestingly, increasing dispersed phase content from 0 to 10 wt% is conducive to the increase in tenacity of samples. The PTT/PA56 (10/90) blend fiber suggests the maximum tenacity value, and tenacity of 4‐fold drawn fiber is 4.02 cN/dtex. As PA56 content increases, dimensional stability of samples under dry conditions increases. Comprehensive analysis demonstrates that the PTT/PA56 (10/90) blend fiber achieves the best combination of tensile properties and dimensional stability. The prepared PTT/PA56 blend fibers are potentially competitive in the fields of fibers, garment, and decoration due to their satisfactory comprehensive performances.
Phase equilibrium and mixing thermodynamics of polystyrene with copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate
Authors: Nikulova Uliana V. , Chalykh Anatoly E.
Published: August 2024

Data on the solubility of oligomer polystyrene and random copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate with different styrene contents have been obtained. Phase diagrams were constructed and the values of critical points were determined. The upper critical solution temperature is localized in the temperature range above 420 K and grows with increasing molecular weight of PS and decreasing styrene content in the copolymer. Based on the compositions of the coexisting phases, paired interaction parameters were calculated and their temperature dependences were plotted. The dependence of the interaction parameter on the copolymer composition and the correlation dependence between its enthalpy and entropy components were constructed. A method for simulation phase equilibrium for copolymers of arbitrary composition and molecular weight is proposed.
Preparation of polyaniline‐aniline modified silicon dioxide composite with synergistic anticorrosion effect for waterborne epoxy anticorrosive coatings
Authors: Deng Haiyang , Zhang Hong , Li Hongqiang , Chen Zhonghua
Published: August 2024

Owing to environmental friendliness, waterborne coatings have attracted considerable attention for the protection of mechanical equipment. Herein, polyaniline (PANI)‐aniline modified silicon dioxide (ANSiO2) composite was prepared to improve the corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy coatings through the modification of SiO2 nanoparticles by aniline‐methyl‐triethoxysilane and the subsequent in situ polymerization of aniline (AN). When the molar ratio of AN to ANSiO2 was 6:1, the obtained PANI‐ANSiO2 composite appeared spherical‐planar shape and was able to obviously improve the anticorrosive performance of the epoxy coatings. The impedance value of the PANI‐ANSiO2 composite modified coatings maintained above 108 Ω cm2 after being immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 30 days, and the surface of the coating had no corrosion spread after 30 days of salt spray erosion test. The excellent anticorrosive effect of the PANI‐ANSiO2 was mainly attributed to not only the filling of the defective parts of the coatings by hydrophobic ANSiO2 but also the formation of passivation layer on the coating surface by PANI to impede electrochemical corrosion reaction. The preparation method in this work is facile, low‐cost, and easy produced on a large scale, and the environment friendly high‐anticorrosion coating shows great application potential in the field of metal protection.
Genetic Diversity and Population Dynamics of Lobodon carcinophaga in Danco Coast, Antarctica
Authors: Prosdocimi Laura , Ibañez Ezequiel Alejandro , Gariboldi María Constanza , Negrete Javier , Bobinac Magalí , Cappozzo Humberto Luis , Túnez Juan Ignacio
Published: August 2024

The crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga) is the most common Antarctic seal; however, it remains understudied regarding genetic aspects. This research examined the genetic diversity and population dynamics of the Danco Coast population in the Antarctic Peninsula and compared it with the Western Antarctica population. Twenty novel haplotypes were identified, revealing a stable population phase and a brief expansion. The high genetic diversity aligns with those found in similar species and environments. Historical population dynamics correlate with Pleistocene climate shifts, shedding light on climate change's impact on Antarctic ecosystems. This study increases our understanding of Antarctic seal species, contributing to the region's guidelines to improve environmental conservation policies in the Antarctic sector.
Cyclization of acyl thiosemicarbazides led to new Helicobacter pylori α‐carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Gumus Arzu , D'Agostino Ilaria , Puca Valentina , Crocetta Valentina , Carradori Simone , Cutarella Luigi , Mori Mattia , Carta Fabrizio , Angeli Andrea , Capasso Clemente , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: August 2024

The eradication of Helicobacter pylori, the etiologic agent of gastric ulcer and adenocarcinoma, is a big concern in clinics due to the increasing drug resistance phenomena and the limited number of efficacious treatment options. The exploitation of the H. pylori carbonic anhydrases (HpCAs) as promising pharmacological targets has been validated by the antibacterial activity of previously reported CA inhibitors due to the role of these enzymes in the bacterium survival in the gastric mucosa. The development of new HpCA inhibitors seems to be on the way to filling the existing antibiotics gap. Due to the recent evidence on the ability of the coumarin scaffold to inhibit microbial α‐CAs, a large library of derivatives has been developed by means of a pH‐regulated cyclization reaction of coumarin‐bearing acyl thiosemicarbazide intermediates. The obtained 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles (10–18a,b) and 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiones (19–26a,b) were found to strongly and selectively inhibit HpαCA and computational studies were fundamental to gaining an understanding of the interaction networks governing the enzyme–inhibitor complex. Antibacterial evaluations on H. pylori ATCC 43504 highlighted some compounds that maintained potency on a resistant clinical isolate. Also, their combinations with metronidazole decreased both the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration values of the antibiotic, with no synergistic effect.
Heavily Labeled Signal Probe for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Peptide‐Based Biosensing of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
Authors: Zhang Danyang , Qian Manping , Yang Xiaolin , Zhang Chengxiao , Qi Honglan
Published: August 2024

The field of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing has witnessed remarkable growth, emphasizing the need for precise detection of biomarkers. The synthesis approach of peptide‐based signal probe with high recognition ability and high ECL efficiency is a significant issue in the ECL biosensing. Here, a heavily labeled signal probe was synthesized for ECL peptide‐based biosensing tactic by using a new aldehyde bearing cyclometalated Ir(III) complex ([Ir(bt)2(bpy‐CHO)PF6 (bt=2‐phenylbenzothiazole, bpy‐CHO=4’‐methyl‐[2,2’‐bipyridine]‐4‐carbaldehyde, denoted as Ir1) as ECL signal reagent and streptavidin (SA) as carrier protein. One ECL peptide‐based biosensing method was exemplified for the detection of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) by using Ir1 labeled SA (SA−Ir1) as heavily labeled signal probe and biotinylated peptide as molecular recognition substrate. MMP‐2 was sensitively detected in the range from 5 to 100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 1.5 ng/mL. Importantly, two detection modes differing in the order of cleavage recognition by MMP‐2 and signal transduction with SA−Ir1 were compared for the first time. First cleavage and second signal transduction were proposed to be beneficial to sensitive detection of target, which provides some ideas for biomarker diagnostics in disease screening at an early stage.
A 3D bioprinted antibacterial hydrogel dressing of gelatin/sodium alginate loaded with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
Authors: Cao Liuyuan , Lu Yueqi , Chen Hezhi , Su Ya , Cheng YuneYee , Xu Jie , Sun Huanwei , Song Kedong
Published: August 2024

Skin plays a crucial role in human physiological functions, however, it was vulnerable to bacterial infection which delayed wound healing. Nowadays, designing an individual wound dressing with good biocompatibility and sustaining anti‐infection capability for healing of chronic wounds are still challenging. In this study, various concentrations of the ciprofloxacin (CIP) were mixed with gelatine (Gel)/sodium alginate (SA) solution to prepare Gel/SA/CIP (GAC) bioinks, following the fabrication of GAC scaffold by an extrusion 3D bioprinting technology. The results showed that the GAC bioinks had good printability and the printed GAC scaffolds double‐crosslinked by EDC/NHS and CaCl2 had rich porous structure with appropriate pore size, which were conducive to drug release and cell growth. It demonstrated that the CIP could be rapidly released by 70% in 5 min, which endowed the GAC composite scaffolds with an excellent antibacterial ability. Especially, the antibacterial activities of GAC7.5 against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus within 24 h were even close to 100%, and the inhibition zones were still maintained 14.78 ± 0.40 mm and 14.78 ± 0.40 mm, respectively, after 24 h. Meanwhile, GAC7.5 also demonstrated impressive biocompatibility which can promote the growth and migration of L929 and accelerate wound healing. Overall, the GAC7.5 3D bioprinting scaffold could be used as a potential skin dressing for susceptible wounds with excellent antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility to meet urgent clinical needs.
A closed 3D printed microfluidic device for automated growth and differentiation of cerebral organoids from single‐cell suspension
Authors: Kandra Mario , Vanova Tereza , Jongen Vincent A. , Pospíšil Jakub , Novák Josef , Chochola Václav , Buryška Tomáš , Prokop Zbyněk , Hodný Zdeněk , Hampl Ales , Bohaciakova Dasa , Jaros Josef
Published: August 2024

The development of 3D organoids has provided a valuable tool for studying human tissue and organ development in vitro. Cerebral organoids, in particular, offer a unique platform for investigating neural diseases. However, current methods for generating cerebral organoids suffer from limitations such as labor‐intensive protocols and high heterogeneity among organoids. To address these challenges, we present a microfluidic device designed to automate and streamline the formation and differentiation of cerebral organoids. The device utilizes microwells with two different shapes to promote the formation of a single aggregate per well and incorporates continuous medium flow for optimal nutrient exchange. In silico simulations supported the effectiveness of the microfluidic chip in replicating cellular microenvironments. Our results demonstrate that the microfluidic chip enables uniform growth of cerebral organoids, significantly reducing the hands‐on time required for maintenance. Importantly, the performance of the microfluidic system is comparable to the standard 96‐well plate format even when using half the amount of culture medium, and the resulting organoids exhibit substantially developed neuroepithelial buds and cortical structures. This study highlights the potential of custom‐designed microfluidic technology in improving the efficiency of cerebral organoid culture.
Dialysis rolled scaffold bioreactor allows extended production of monoclonal antibody with reduced media use
Authors: Wu Tongyao , Norouzi Mohsen , Park Kidong
Published: August 2024

Rapidly expanding biopharmaceutical market demands more cost‐effective platforms to produce protein therapeutics. To this end, novel approaches, such as perfusion culture or concentrated fed‐batch, have been explored for higher yields and lower manufacturing costs. Although these new approaches produced promising results, but their wide‐spread use in the industry is still limited. In this study, a dialysis rolled scaffold bioreactor was presented for long‐term production of monoclonal antibodies with reduced media consumption. Media dialysis can selectively remove cellular bio‐wastes without losing cells or produced recombinant proteins. The dialysis process was streamlined to significantly improve its efficiency. Then, extended culture of recombinant CHO cells for 41 days was successfully demonstrated with consistent production rate and minimal media consumption. The unique configuration of the developed bioreactor allows efficient dialysis for media management, as well as rapid media exchange to harvest produced recombinant proteins before they degrade. Taken together, it was envisioned that the developed bioreactor will enable cost‐effective and long‐term large‐scale culture of various cells for biopharmaceutical production.
F‐actin microfilaments affect the LIPUS‐promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through TRPM7
Authors: Yao Huan , Tang Li , Wang Dong , Pang Hua , Yang Ke
Published: August 2024

The differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) toward osteogenesis can be induced by low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS). However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for LIPUS stimulation are unclear. The possible molecular mechanisms by which LIPUS promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were investigated in this study. The quantification of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red S staining, ALP staining, and the establishment of a calvarial defect model were used to evaluate osteogenic effects. Immunofluorescence was performed to observe the expression of microfilaments and transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7). The levels of F‐actin/G‐actin and osteogenesis‐related proteins under LIPUS alone or LIPUS combined with cytoskeleton interfering drugs (Cytochalasin D [CytoD] or Jasplakinolide [JA]) were assayed by western blot. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was utilized to measure the expression of Trpm7 mRNA. Moreover, adenoviral Trpm7 knockdown was verified using western blot. The results demonstrated that LIPUS promoted bone formation in vivo. Under osteogenic induction in vitro, the osteogenesis of BMSCs induced by LIPUS was accompanied by the depolymerization and rearrangement of microfilaments and increased levels of TRPM7. By perturbing intracellular actin dynamics, CytoD enhanced the pro‐osteogenicity of LIPUS and increased TRPM7 level, while JA inhibited the pro‐osteogenicity of LIPUS and reduced TRPM7 level. Additionally, the knockdown of Trpm7 suppressed the osteogenic promotion of BMSCs induced by LIPUS. The transient depolymerization and rearrangement of the cytoskeleton microfilaments mediated by LIPUS can affect TRPM7 expression and subsequently promote the osteogenesis of BMSCs. This study provides further direction for exploring the molecular mechanism of LIPUS, as a mechanical stress, in facilitating the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Bicarbonate concentration influences carbon utilization rates and biochemical profiles of freshwater and marine microalgae
Authors: Kusi Philip Asare , McGee Donal , Tabraiz Shamas , Ahmed Asma
Published: August 2024

Selecting the optimal microalgal strain for carbon capture and biomass production is crucial for ensuring the commercial viability of microalgae‐based biorefinery processes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of varying bicarbonate concentrations on the growth rates, inorganic carbon (IC) utilization, and biochemical composition of three freshwater and two marine microalgal species. Parachlorella kessleri, Vischeria cf. stellata, and Porphyridium purpureum achieved the highest carbon removal efficiency (>85%) and biomass production at 6 g L−1 sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), while Phaeodactylum tricornutum showed optimal performance at 1 g L−1 NaHCO3. The growth and carbon removal rate of Scenedesmus quadricauda increased with increasing NaHCO3 concentrations, although its highest carbon removal efficiency (∼70%) was lower than the other species. Varying NaHCO3 levels significantly impacted the biochemical composition of P. kessleri, S. quadricauda, and P. purpureum but did not affect the composition of the remaining species. The fatty acid profiles of the microalgae were dominated by C16 and C18 fatty acids, with P. purpureum and P. tricornutum yielding relatively high polyunsaturated fatty acid content ranging between 14% and 30%. Furthermore, bicarbonate concentration had a species‐specific effect on the fatty acid and chlorophyll‐a content. This study demonstrates the potential of bicarbonate as an effective IC source for microalgal cultivation, highlighting its ability to select microalgal species for various applications based on their carbon capture efficiency and biochemical composition.
Anti‐Diabetic and Insulinotropic Effects of p‐Anisic Acid in High‐Fat Diet and Streptozotocin Induced Type‐2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Vora Vishal , Tirgar Pravin , Raval Keval
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of p‐anisic acid (p‐AA) against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Thirty‐six male rats were utilized for the study. The animals were provided with the high‐fat diet (HFD) and T2DM was induced through 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Subsequently, the animals were allocated to 6 groups and subjected to the treatments for 4 weeks followed by a 2‐week observation. Three treatment groups were administered with p‐AA (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg). Glibenclamide (3 mg/kg) was provided to the standard control group. The normal control and disease control groups were supplied with 0.1 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Subsequently, the effects of treatment on body weight (BW), blood glucose level (BGL), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and lipid parameters were measured and the pancreas was isolated for histopathology. Results: A statistically significant (P‐value<0.001) increase in BW was observed in the p‐AA (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) groups. The BGL decreased significantly (P‐value<0.001) in p‐AA groups. p‐AA significantly (P‐value<0.001) regulated the levels of HbA1c and serum insulin and lipid parameters. A notable improvement in the morphology of the pancreas was observed. Conclusion: Treatment with p‐AA exhibited significant antidiabetic effects against STZ‐HFD‐induced T2DM.
Discovery of Bioactive Terpenes Derived from a Polar Fungus
Authors: Ning Yaodong , Qu Yingxin , Fu Yeqin , Zhang Shi , Xu Yao , Jiao Binghua , Lu Xiaoling
Published: August 2024

Polar fungi play a vital role as prolific sources of unique chemical structures and diverse bioactive compounds. Eutypella sp. D‐1 is a fungus isolated from the Arctic, and six compounds were extracted from the fermentation broth. Their structures are elucidated from HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy, and ECD calculations. Compounds 1–5 are newly discovered compounds, with compound 1 possessing a rare peroxide‐bridge structure. Compounds 1–4 are categorized as pimarane‐type diterpenes, while compounds 5 and 6 belong to the eudesmanolide sesquiterpenes. Compound 4 demonstrates anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide‐induced nitric oxide release in RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 4 and 5 show antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Three New Steroids from the Roots of Marsdenia tenacissima
Authors: Du Ting‐Ting , Fan Ming‐Hui , Liu Jin‐Ling , Mu Dan‐Dan , Yang Ming‐Xia , Wang Yong‐li , Xu Hong‐Tao , Chou Gui‐Xin
Published: August 2024

Three undescribed pregnane steroids, 12β‐O‐4‐hydroxybenzoyl tenacigenin D (1), 12β‐O‐4‐hydroxybenzoyl tenacigenin A (2), and 11α‐nicotinoyl‐17β‐marsdenin (3), along with two known analogues (4 and 5), were isolated from the roots of Marsdenia tenacissima. Their structures were elucidated using one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR, high‐resolution electron ionization‐mass spectrometry, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data, and experimental and density‐functional‐theory‐calculated electronic circular dichroism measurements. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human lung cancer cells (A549), ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV‐3), gastric cancer cells (MGC 803) and breast cancer cells (MCF‐7). Notably, 3 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against both A549 (median inhibitory concentration (IC50)=16.79 μM) and SKOV‐3 (IC50=12.30 μM) cells while exhibiting moderate cytotoxicity on MGC803 and MCF‐7 cells.
Levilactobacillus brevis IBARAKI‐TS3 Isolated From Pickles Promotes Production of Interleukin‐10 via Toll‐Like Receptor 2 in Human M2 Macrophages
Authors: Tobita Keisuke , Iwasa Satoru
Published: August 2024

M2 macrophages play an important role in food allergy. Several studies have reported that lactic acid bacteria isolated from pickles exert antiallergic effects. We investigated the effects of several strains of lactic acid bacteria on the immune function of M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages differentiated from THP‐1 cell line by interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13 strongly expressed CD163, CD206, and HMOX1 mRNA. Levilactobacillus brevis IBARAKI‐TS3 (IBARAKI‐TS3) isolated from pickles was identified as a lactic acid bacterium that enhances the expressions of IL‐10 and EBI3 mRNA in M2 macrophages. IBARAKI‐TS3 induced the expression of genes involved in Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling, such as IRAK, mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and NF‐κB mRNA. IBARAKI‐TS3–induced IL‐10 production was suppressed by anti‐TLR2–neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, the IBARAKI‐TS3–induced increase in IL‐10 levels was significantly reduced in TLR2–knockdown M2 macrophages compared to M2 macrophages. These results suggest that IBARAKI‐TS3 promotes of IL‐10 production via TLR2 in M2 macrophages.
Recurrence of valvular involvement in Libman–Sacks endocarditis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome: A case report
Authors: Masoumi Shahab , Parizad Razieh , Parvizi Rezayat , Jabbaripour Sarmadian Amirreza , Jafarisis Samira , Seyed Toutounchi Kia
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Recurrence of valvular involvement may occur after Libman–Sacks endocarditis surgery, emphasizing the need for frequent multivalvular evaluations with echocardiography or more sensitive methods to optimize surgical outcomes.

This report presented a 32‐year‐old woman, complaining of recurrent fever and chills. Physical examination revealed the presence of a third heart sound (S3), a pan‐systolic murmur (III/VI) at mitral and tricuspid foci, tachycardia, and fine pulmonary crackles. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and moderate tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with vegetations on the mitral valve. Initially, intravenous antibiotic therapy was started simultaneously with diagnostic studies. Despite a positive TEE, negative blood cultures on three separate occasions precluded meeting the diagnostic criteria outlined in the modified Duke criteria. Moreover, the patient's condition continued to deteriorate after antibiotic therapy, leading to the diagnosis of Libman–Sacks endocarditis. The patient was considered a candidate for mitral valve surgery. All vegetations were completely debrided and then the mitral valve was reconstructed. Follow‐up post‐surgery echocardiography revealed the absence of MR and mitral stenosis (MS). Four months later, the patient presented again complaining of fatigue, dyspnea, lower extremity edema, and ascites with evidence of pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure on physical examination. TEE was performed, which revealed severe MR, severe TR, detached artificial chordae, and blood leak from the perforated pericardial patch. Therefore, she was necessitated for valvular surgery and underwent mitral and tricuspid valve surgery. The mitral ring and perforated pericardial patch were removed, and a mitral prosthetic valve was implanted. In addition, the tricuspid valve was repaired. Follow‐up post‐surgery echocardiography revealed the absence of MR and TR. To our knowledge, this is the first case of LSE recurrence with multi‐valvular involvement.
Pd/PVP‐ Catalyzed Formylation of Amines and Nitroarenes to N‐Formamides with CO2 and Dimethylamine Borane: The Influence of CO2 on the Formation of Azoxyarenes
Authors: Skarżyńska Anna , Gil Wojciech , Trzeciak Anna M.
Published: August 2024

The reactivity of dimethylamine borane (DMAB) towards amines and nitroarenes was investigated in the presence of the CO2 and Pd/PVP (PVP=polyvinylpyrrolidone) nanocatalyst. The formation of borane formate, Me2NH.BH2(OCHO), by the insertion of CO2 into the B−H bond was evidenced by NMR. The reaction of DMAB with CO2 also produced a second product, DMF, formed via self‐formylation. In the presence of aromatic or aliphatic amines corresponding N‐formamides were formed efficiently. Under the same conditions nitroarenes were hydrogenated to anilines or to azoxyarenes in the absence of CO2. In both reactions very high TOF values, up to 30 min−1, were obtained. Applying a higher excess of DMAB enabled the transformation of nitroarenes to N‐formamides. The Pd/PVP catalyst was used in 7 consecutive cycles of N‐methylaniline formylation with excellent selectivity and a total TON equal to 4700.
Copper Incorporated Covalent Organic Framework as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for CuAAC Reaction
Authors: Mohit  , Justin Thomas K. R.
Published: August 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) incorporating metal are attractive alternatives for metal‐catalyzed organic transformations. For effective metal incorporation in COF a favorable ligand environment is required. Pyridine and hydrazone units can provide effective binding sites for transition metals. The major challenge in synthesizing hydrazone‐linked COFs is the inherent flexibility of the linker, causing differences in lengths and orientations during solvothermal synthesis. We demonstrate that incorporation of enol form in the framework facilitates non‐covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, reduces degrees of freedom and enhances rigidity. Here, we synthesized TFP‐PyHz COF utilizing 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde (TFP) and pyridine‐2,6‐dicarbohydrazide. Enol form in the framework was confirmed by comparing the IR and 13C solid‐state NMR spectra of TFP‐PyHz with its model compound. The presence of this enol form also facilitates the incorporation of Cu2+ through post‐modification as confirmed by IR and XPS analysis of postmodified Cu‐TFP‐PyHz. The copper‐incorporated material Cu‐TFP‐PyHz is utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst for copper‐catalyzed click reactions, enabling the synthesis of 1,4‐triazoles.