bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Common Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children Aged 2-59 Months: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmed Shahzad , Qambrani Zamir Ahmed , Din Nazimud , Mahar Shazia , Razzak Ainey , Hayat Muhammad , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem
Published: August 2022

Aim:-To determine the frequency of common risk factors of pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months visiting tertiary care hospital Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: National Institute of Child Health (NICH) Karachi from February to July 2018 Methodology: A total of 157children with complaints of fever 102F (or 39C), cough and tachypnea (≥50br/min from 2 to 11 months of age and ≥40br/min from 12 to 59 months of age) of less than two weeks duration were included in this study. Data was collected from both out-patient and indoor departments with patients fulfilling inclusion criteria after taking informed consent from their mother and risk factors were evaluated as mentioned in proforma. Results: Inappropriate immunization, Lack of breastfeeding, Malnutrition and upper respiratory tract infection in the mother were the commonest risk factors associated with pneumonia comprising 77.7%, 73.9%, 64.3% and 15.3% respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggest that non-breastfeeding or lack of breastfeeding during the neonatal period, inappropriate immunization, malnutrition, and upper respiratory tract infection in the mother may substantially increase the incidence and duration of pneumonia in children. Keywords: Pneumonia, Immunization, Respiratory tract infection, Lack of breastfeeding, Malnutrition
Prevalence of Intertrochanteric Fractures in Young Population with Hip Fractures Presented in Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital Lahore
Authors: . Muazzam , Ali Muhammad , Ali Atif
Published: August 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of intertrochanteric fractures in young population with hip fractures presented in Ghurki Trust teaching hospital Lahore. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic& Spine Surgery from Jan, 2018 to April, 2022.About 295 patients presented in Ghurki teaching and trust hospital Lahore were taken as a part of this research out of which 94 patients were with intertrochanteric fractures. Those patients who had any kind of pathology or skeletal deformity were excluded from the study. Out of 94 patients, 60 were male while 34 patients were female. Fractures were treated surgically via DHS (dynamic hip screws). Results: In 94 patients with intertrochanteric fractures, the mechanism of injury was usually due to slip and fall (n= 15), fall from height (n= 19) and RTA (road traffic accidents) (n=60). The most common associated injury and fracture was of head injury and pelvis fracture respectively. RTA is most common mechanism of injury usually occurring in males (n= 40). The fractures were classified according to the BOYD’s classification. The intertrochanteric fractures showed complications like loosening of the nails or plates of DHS which occurred in patients having intertrochanteric fractures with SOF (shaft of femur) fractures. Conclusion: The characteristics related to intertrochanteric fractures depends on the mechanism of injury. An in-depth knowledge of the fracture stability and various implants is necessary for decision-making in the therapy of intertrochanteric fractures. More data on functional outputs are required, particularly for people with high functioning. Keywords: Intertrochanteric fracture, trochanters, Prevalence, trauma, surgery, DHS, ORIF, nails, mechanism of injury
In-Hospital Complications Among Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Having Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Malik Rashid Ali , Azam Hammad , Chaudhary Naseem Ahmed , Iftikhar Sadaf , Azhar Maimoona , Baig Mirza Ahmad Raza , Khan M M.
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the in-hospital complications of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with severe LV dysfunction and to recognize the risk factors for adverse outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study, containing patients who underwent CABG from 01-June-2019 to 31-Jan-2022 with documented LVEF < 35%. 190 patients for has been selected for this study. Postoperative data in ICU and ward regarding morbidity, mortality, hemorrhage, cardiac arrest, pacemaker implantation, IABP insertion requirement, and discharge data were collected to determine early postoperative outcomes. Results: The study sample enrolled 190 patients with multivessel CAD with severe LV dysfunction (EF <35%), of all patients, 147 were male and 43 female. Post-surgery hemorrhage has been observed in 23 (12.1%) patients, 9 patients were taken for re-exploration. The average ICU stay of 5.1 ± 3.6 days and Overall hospital mortality was 14 (7.3%). Patients with LV dysfunction and diabetes have a high mortality rate (OR 8.66, p-value of 0. 01), which is highly significant. patients with LV dysfunction with renal failure have a significant mortality rate risk (OR 3.85, p-value of 0.014). Conclusion: Our findings that CABG is associated with enhanced survival in multivessel coronary disease with LV dysfunction with low mortality and postoperative morbidity. In patients with LV dysfunction, diabetes and renal failure are important risk factors in decision making. Keywords: LV dysfunction, CABG, In-hospital mortality, coronary artery disease (CAD)
Evaluation of the Role of Vaspin and Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Hameed Ayad A. , Zbaar Sami. A.
Published: August 2022

Background: At least three of the following five medical factors must be present in order for someone to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. These conditions include abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). There is a correlation between having metabolic syndrome and having an increased risk of getting cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The percentage of older people who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups is growing at an alarming rate. Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes are conditions that are intricately connected to one another and share characteristics in common. It is believed that the condition is caused by an underlying disease of energy use and storage called MetS, which is closely related to the already existing weight gain, also known as obesity, and sloth. The blood levels of vaspin, insulin, and the HOMA IR value all increase as a result of this, and the levels of a number of other parameters also change as a result. Patients and methods: A case control study was conducted in the form of a comparison between individuals who went to the consulting clinic for internal diseases during the study period, which lasted from December 2021 to February 2022. There were a total of 60 confirmed cases with metabolic syndrome and 30 healthy people, and their ages ranged from 24 to 67. Patients from the Salah El-Din Governorate and the surrounding areas had their insulin and vaspin levels tested using the Elisa instrument. Patients with metabolic syndrome were classified as having the condition based on their fasting blood glucose levels, triglyceride levels, HDL-C levels, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. This information was obtained from an organization affiliated with the International Diabetes Federation. The results: The following findings emerged from the research conducted, and it was discovered that the level of vaspin and the HOMA IR value were significantly higher in individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome as compared to healthy people. And a negative correlation with HDL-C, a positive correlation between vaspin, HOMA IR, and insulin levels, as well as a positive correlation with the level of fasting glucose; moreover, HOMA IR value was significantly higher in patients with the metabolic syndrome than in the controls without the metabolic syndrome. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and vaspin
Frequency of Cardiovascular Problems in Patients with Benign Prostate Enlargement
Authors: Hamid Haris , Khan Israr Ali , Huma Shafqat , Khan Muhammad Nadeem , Khan Muhammad Ibrahim , Salman Muhammad , Ali Yasir , Rahman Ishrat
Published: August 2022

Background: Males often suffer from the genitourinary disorder known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) also known as benign prostate enlargement (BPE). Various studies observed association between cardiac problems and benign prostate enlargement. Objective: To find out frequency of cardiovascular problems in patients with benign prostate enlargement Methodology: The current study was cross sectional carried out at the Urology Department, Fauji Foundation Hospital Peshawar Cantt. The study duration was twelve months from January 2021 to January 2022. All the collection of data was done by using pre-designed Performa. A consultant cardiologist assessed all the enrolled patients for the cardiovascular problems. All the data analysis was done by SPSS version 23. Results: In the current study, the frequency of hypertension was 28 (23.33%) patients. Out of 28 hypertensive patients, cardiovascular problems were observed in 13 (46.43%) patients. Decreased ejection fraction was observed in 4 (30.77%) patients, left ventricular hypertrophy in 3 (23.08%), left ventricular failure in 2 (15.38%), ischemic heart disease in 3 (23.08%) and non- significant ECG change was observed in only 1 (7.69%) patient. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of hypertension and cardiovascular problems are high in patients with benign prostate enlargement. To avoid unintended cardiovascular events, such individuals should be thoroughly evaluated. Keywords: Cardiovascular problems; Benign prostate enlargement; Morbidity
Mean Carrying Angle of Elbow in Children Less Than Ten Years of Age
Authors: Ullah Zulfiqar , . Ahmadzeb , Hussain Akhtar , Khan Farmanullah , Khan Shehriyar , Shoaib Khan Mohammad
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The median axes of the arm and forearm form an angle known as carrying angle when fully supinated and extended. This posture is crucial while carrying objects because it enables the forearms to pass across the hips in swing motions when walking Objective: To find out the mean carrying angle of elbow in children less than ten years of age. Methodology: This study was Cross Sectional Study carried out at the Outpatient Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar for duration of six months from 20 Dec, 2021 to 20 Jun, 2022. Goniometer was used for the measurement of the carrying angle. All information such as age, height, weight, length of arm, and carrying angle was documented in a pre-designed Performa. Results: Totally, 250 children were included in this study. On the basis of gender wise distribution, 194 (77.6%) children were recorded as male children and 56 (22.4%) children were recorded as female children. The mean (SD) age, height, length of forearm, weight and carrying angle was 6 (1.05) years, 105.5 (3.75) cm, 18.2 (2.23) cm, 12 (2.84) kg and 8.5 (0.82) degree respectively. Significant association of carrying angle was observed with height, weight, forearm length and limb dominancy (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Our study concluded that age, gender, height, weight and dominant side are important factors that affect the value of the carrying angle. Keywords: Elbow; Carrying Angle; Correlation
Frequency of Radial Nerve Palsy in Patients with Closed Traumatic Humeral Shaft Fracture in High Energy Trauma Cases
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Moazzam , Ahmad Umair , Jadoon Ashfaq
Published: August 2022

Background: Different pattern of the fractures of the humerus shaft usually result in radial nerve injury. The frequent injury of radial nerve is because of its close proximity to the humeral shaft in the radial groove. Objective: Determining the incidence of Radial Nerve Injuries in Patients with Closed type of Humeral Shaft Fractures in high-energy trauma cases. Material and Methods:Department of Orthopedics conducted this study at Ghurki Trust & Teaching Hospital, Lahore from January 2021 to December 2021, including all patients regardless of gender, aged between 20-60 years with closed fractures at the level of shaft of humerus. All the patients were thoroughly investigated with detailed history, clinical and radiological examination. The patients were originally managed according to standard ward procedures, fracture stabilization with U-slab and analgesic requirements. All of the patients were clinically examined to rule out radial nerve damage. The data accumulated after completion was analyzed using the relative software SPSS version 26.0. Results: This study included 80 patients with radiologically confirmed humeral shaft fractures. There were 55 (68.5%) men and 25 (31.25%) women having this type of fracture pattern. The participants ages were inbetween 20 to 60 years, with men and women having mean ages of 31.62 ±8.35 years and 38.43±5.06 years, respectively, and overall mean age of 38.93± 6.19 years. Spiral fractures accounted for 32 (40%) of the cases, while transverse fractures17 (21.25%), communited fractures16 (20%) and segmental fractures 15(18.75%). In 7 (or 8.75 percent) out of the 80 patients, radial nerve injury was observed. 4 (57.1%) cases of radial nerve damage were found in patients with spiral closed midshaft humerus fractures, 1 (14.3%) reported case in transverse closed humerus shaft fractures, 1 (14.3%) case in comminuted closed midshaft humerus fractures, and 1 (14.3%) case in segmental fractures. Conclusion: This study highlighted the frequency of radial nerve palsy among the patients with humeral shaft fractures at spiral goove . Radial nerve palsy was found in 8.75% of cases presented to our setup.Most of these cases reported in patients with spiral type of fracture of humerus midshaft. These findings are helpful to the surgeons during the pre operative counseling of patients, who suffered radial nerve damage due to a humerus shaft fracture at radial groove. Keywords:Radial Nerve Injury, Closed fracture of the humerus, Radial groove ,Humerus Shaft
Does Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy Impact the Outcome of Haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Afzal Ammarah , Khan Kamran Zaib , Lala Gul-E- , Javaid Mian Umar , Khan Khushbakht Ali , Folad Laiq
Published: August 2022

Background: The most common complication after hemorrhoidectomy is almost always postoperative. This dreadful complication makes the patients postpone the treatment even for prolapsing, bleeding, and uncomfortable piles. There are different methods that can be used for reducing pain including performing a lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS). Better outcome of hemorrhoidectomy combined with lateral internal sphincterotomy has been observed in a few past controlled trials with respect to decreased pain after surgery, and improved and early wound healing. Objective: To compare the mean post-operative pain score in patients undergoing open hemorrhoidectomy with and without lateral internal sphincterotomy for III and IV degree hemorrhoids. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Jinnah Hospital Lahore from 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients with diagnosis of III & IV degree hemorrhoids were selected. They were divided in two groups, Group A included patients who underwent open hemorrhoidectomy with lateral sphincterotomy and Group B included patients who underwent open hemorrhoidectomy alone. Standard Milligan Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy was done under local anesthesia. A fine surgical blade was inserted in inter-sphincteric groove with blade parallel to the circular fibers of internal sphincter. Blade was then rotated so that it faces the lumen of the anal canal. With the surgeon’s index finger in the canal, the blade was advanced towards the index finger so as to divide the internal sphincter but not the anal mucosa. Post-operative pain was assessed at first 48 hours post operatively according to ‘Visual Analog Score’. Results: The mean age was 34.6±7.72 in Group A and 34.28±8.09 years in Group B. There were 34 (56.67%) males in Group A and 32 (53.33%) in Group B while 26 (43.33%) females in Group A and 28 (46.67%) in Group-B. The mean pain score was 1.43±0.49 in Group A and 2.03±0.74 in Group B (P=0.001). Conclusion: Open hemorrhoidectomy with lateral sphincterotomy results in significantly lower mean post-operative pain when compared to open hemorrhoidectomy alone Keywords: Hemorrhoids, Open hemorrhoidectomy, Lateral sphincterotomy, Post-operative pain
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Major Risk Factors
Authors: Mobin Khalil , Khanzada Riaz , Ahmed Shakeel , Memon Farooq , Naz Hina , Samad Abdul , Naseem Shehla , Shaikh Mohammad Zaman
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine association of T2DM with depression, Covid-19, hypertension, junk food, weight, age, physical activity, smoking, family history, education and income. Study Design: Cross-sectional, multicenter study Duration and Place of Study: Family Health Clinic, Mehmoodabad, Ahmad Medical Centre, FB Area Karachi, Al-khidmat Hospital North Karachi, Rafah-E-Aam Hospital FB Area Karachi, from 1st November 2020 to 30th April 2021. Methodology: Pre-tested, researcher administered questionnaire was used through medics and paramedics. Information was collected from general patients and care givers. Non–diabetics and non-hypertensives were tested/checked on the spot. Results: Mean age of the participants was 35 years with minimum 18 and maximum 70 years. Males were 279 (95%). In males 30 (11%) were diabetic and in females 7 (47%) were diabetic. 168 (57%) of the participants got above matric education. Low-income group consisted of 271 (92%) participants. Diabetes was present in 37 (13%). Forty six percent diabetics were diagnosed incidentally. Most (24; 65%) were diagnosed by general practitioner, six (16%) by Family Physician, four (11%) by specialist and one (3%) by self. Conclusions: General practitioners play a pivotal role in diagnosing and managing diabetes mellitus. To reduce the burden of diabetes in Pakistan, modifiable risk factors like low education and high inflation have to be addressed. More over marriages between first cousins need to be discouraged. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Junk food, Lifestyle, Obesity
Efficacy of Oral Azithromycin in Treatment of Uncomplicated Enteric Fever in Children
Authors: Faryad Neelam , Riaz Lubna , Hanif Hafiz Haseeb , Tariq Asfand , Asghar Mehwish , Raza Syed Muhammad Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Background: Enteric fever also known as (typhoid or paratyphoid fever) is a common systemic infection with increased incidence of morbidity and mortality with salmonella typhi and paratyphi. Azithromycin has shown better outcomes in children with uncomplicated disease. Objective: To determine the efficacy of Azithromycin in treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in children. Study Design: Descriptive case series study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore, Pakistan from 21st August 2015 to 20th February 2016. Methodology: One hundred and sixty five cases were included. Patients received capsule/suspension of Azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day) OD for 7 days. Treatment was labelled as effective if both clinical and microbiological cure were observed. Results: Patients ranged between 2-12 years of age. Mean age of the patients was 6.45±2.39 year. There were 85 males (51.5%) and 80 females (48.5%) in this study. Mean duration of fever was 6.97±1.37 days. Clinical cure, microbiological cure and efficacy was 93.9%. Conclusion: Azithromycin to be effective and safe in treatment of enteric fever. We observed high cure rate of 93.9% without any serious side effects leading to the conclusion that azithromycin is an effective oral agent for treatment for enteric fever. Keywords: Enteric Fever, Azithromycin, Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi
Patterns of Dysmenorrhea and Self-management Strategies among University Students
Authors: Imran Iffat
Published: August 2022

Objective: To explore the frequency of dysmenorrhea, its characteristics and impact on university students' education and their coping behaviours. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The Main Campus, AlHawiyya Taif University, Saudi Arabia from 1st October 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Three hundred and eighty university students were enrolled. Data was collected via a self-reported electronic questionnaire. The required information was grouped into three sections, section A about socio-demographic data, section B about details of dysmenorrhea like onset, duration, severity, presentation, and its effect on their studies, and section C about their coping strategies of dysmenorrhea were recorded. The pain severity was scored on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: The frequency of dysmenorrhea was 72%. Low backache 55.7% and nervousness 47.2% were the most frequent somatic and affective symptoms, respectively. Duration and severity had a significant association while BMI had no association with dysmenorrhea. Most students used a combination of treatment methods. Abstinence and academic activities affecting due to dysmenorrhea were found positive association. Conclusion Dysmenorrhea is a highly prevalent health issue negatively affecting students’ academic performance. Strategies should be planned at an institutional level to increase awareness about its pathophysiology and management to improve students’ behaviour. Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, University students, Self-medication, Analgesia
Incidence of Malignancy in Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Ahmed Salman Aftab , Nagra Sajid Rashid , Khan Ghulam Dastgir , Rashid Saleha , Gul Zarmina , Rashid Saad
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To analyze the occurrence of malignancy in nose and paranasal sinuses and to identify the common type of nose and paranasal sinuses tumor. Study Type: Analytical study Place and Duration of Study: ENT Outpatients Department, Rai Medical College Teaching Hospital, Sargodha from 1st April 2017 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: Fifteen patients with nasal endoscopy performed for the diagnosis of tumors were enrolled. Lesion site and extent were determined through computed tomography imaging. Biopsy of each patient was performed under local anesthesia and histopathological findings were documented. Results: The mean age of patients was 55.3±3.3 years. Tumors of nose and paranasal sinuses were more common in the males (66%) than in the females (34%). It is revealed that majority of cases were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma 12 (80%) cases, 2 (13.3%) cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma and 1 (6.7%) case was diagnosed as adenoid cystic carcinoma. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma was the main histopathological category of nose and paranasal sinuses tumor. Keywords: Sinonasal malignancies, Paranasal malignancies, Squamous cell carcinoma, Nose, Wood dust
Role of Pregabalin in Reducing Postoperative Analgesic Requirement of Patients Undergoing Knee Arthroscopy Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair
Authors: Younis Waseem , Dar Shahid Rasool , Tariq Noman , Asghar Faheem , Ashfaq Shumaila
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the effect of pregabalin in reducing the postoperative requirement of analgesics of patient undergoing knee arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair surgery. Study Design: Prospective randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesia, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital Lahore from 1st June 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: Eighty patients were randomly divided into two groups; group A and group B, each group comprised 40. Group A receive placebo and group B receive pregabalin 150mg once a day for two days after surgery. Pain assessment done with the help of Numeric Rating Scale and rescue analgesia was recorded. Results: The mean age was 31±10.2 years of group A and 33±10.3 year of Group B. There were more males within both groups in comparison to females with a percentage of 77.5% and 85% respectively. The reduction was seen within Group B in comparison of Group A in terms of ASA class, VNRS, and maximum sensory block. Cumulative volume of PCA in ml was also less in group B than group A with a significant difference within 0-6 hours. Conclusions: The use of pregabalin 150mg after surgery for two days significantly reduces the analgesic consumption Keywords: Pregabalin, Postoperative analgesic, Numeric rating scale
Hepatorenal Syndrome: Examine the Treatment Effectiveness of Terlipressin and Albumin
Authors: Khan Zafar Ahmad , Shahzad Muzamul , Iqbal Javed , Imran Aslam Muhammad , Yar Altaf Ahmad , Javed Munaza
Published: August 2022

Objective: To find the efficacy of albumin and terlipressin in the management of hepatorenal syndrome. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Place and Duration Study: Department of Medicine, Bolan University of Medical & Health Sciences, Quetta from 1st March 2020 to 30th September 2020. Methodology: Eighty four patients of both the genders were enrolled. Complete demographic details regarding age, sex, gender, weight and height was noted. Study participants were divided into two groups; patients of group A received terlipressin with albumin whereas patients of group B only received albumin. Comparative results were obtained and effectiveness examined for 15 days. Results: Mean age of group A participants was42.38±8.46 years and there were 28% males and 62% female. Whereas in Group B, mean age of study participants was41.27±9.51 years and there were 54% males and 45% females. Similarly, mean BMI of group A and group B patients were 23.24±2.18kg/m2 and 22.18±2.24 kg/m2respectively. Almost 78% efficacy was observed in group A while only 47% was observed in group B. Conclusion: Higher effectiveness with terlipressin with albumin was observed in contrast to albumin alone. Keywords: Terlipressin, Efficacy, Albumin, Hepatorenal syndrome
How to detect monkey poxvirus? Hint: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: Carlos Navarro Venegas
Published: August 2022

A minute of silence. Kary Banks Mullis has passed away (07/08/2019). However, his legacy remains with us. His legacy has made it possible to detect one of the deadliest viruses since the so-called Spanish flu of 1920, which caused more deaths than the First World War. Kary Mullis invented the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and that is probably why he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993. Today, there are those who wonder if Molecular Biology (and Medicine) is divided into a before and after PCR. Something as important as other important contributions to our Humanity such as those described by James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, Francis Crick, or Albert Einstein. Yes, monkeypox and its associated agent may be the reason for the use of PCR, and although the minds of great scientists and countries are still focused on COVID19 and the associated pathogen; SARS-CoV-2, would not be unwise to pay more attention to another virus that in humans is said to have been eradicated from the planet since 1980, according to WHO.
Common side effects of Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine in Ruffaa city, Gezira, Sudan January (2022)
Authors: Susan Ali Zroog  , Yassin HM Nor- Aldaiem  , Mohamed AM Gebralla  , Abdelhakam H. Ali
Published: August 2022

Background: The Johnson & Johnson (J&J)/Janssen vaccine was listed for emergency use by WHO on 12 March 2021. The vaccine has been authorized for use in Europe, the United States and other countries. Objectives: This study was conducted to study common side effects of Johnson & Johnson vaccine and the factors associated with adverse effect. Methods: A cross-sectional community based study conducted at Ruffaa city on January (2022), the sample consisted of 361 participants. Data were collected by using questionnaire designed for this study. Data analysis was performed using statistical package for Social Sciences. Results: the study revealed that most of participants (83%) was suffered from local side effects more than halve of them complain from pain in site of injection, Pain & Swelling < 5cm (8%), Pain, and Swelling & Redness More than 3 days (7%). And 76% of participants complain from General side effects 19% of them complain from Fever, (10%) complain from Fever, headache, muscle aches and fatigue. there is statistical relation between pre-existing chronic disease, sex and common side effects of vaccine. The study also revealed that side effects start directly after injection in (63%) of participants. And continue in (87%) from 1-3 days. Study also shows (3%) of participant infected with Covid -19 after vaccination and all of them were hospitalized. Conclusion: The Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine did not appear to cause any dangerous complications.
Rezension von: Marx-Jaskulski, Katrin; Wenz-Haubfleisch, Annegret (Hrsg.), Pragmatische Visualisierung
Authors: Weber Raimund J. , Marx-Jaskulski Katrin , Wenz-Haubfleisch Annegret
Published: August 2022

Pragmatische Visualisierung. Herrschaft, Recht und Alltag in Verwaltungskarten, hg. von Katrin Marx-Jaskulski und Annegret Wenz-Haubfleisch (Schriften des hessischen Staatsarchivs Marburg, Bd. 38). Marburg 2020. 328 S. mit zahlr. Abb. ISBN 978-3-88964-223-3. Geb. € 28,–
Rezension von: Fieg, Oliver (Hrsg.), Rastatt 1714 und der Traum vom Frieden
Authors: Maier Franz , Fieg Oliver
Published: August 2022

Oliver Fieg (Hg.), Rastatt 1714 und der Traum vom Frieden (Oberrheinische Studien, Bd. 39). Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke 2019. 216 S., 15 s/w und 5 farb. Abb. ISBN 978-3-7995-7836-3. Geb. € 34,–
Rezension von: Kayser, Christian, Das ehemalige Benediktinerkloster Blaubeuren
Authors: Knapp Ulrich , Kayser Christian
Published: August 2022

Christian Kayser, Das ehemalige Benediktinerkloster Blaubeuren. Bauforschung an einer Klosteranlage des Spätmittelalters (Forschungen und Berichte der Bau- und Kunstdenkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg, Bd. 17). Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke 2020. 432 S., 7 lose Planbeilagen. ISBN 978-3-7995-1454-5. Geb. € 80,–
Rezension von: Isenmann, Mechthild, Strategien, Mittel und Wege der inner- und zwischenfamiliären Konfliktlösung oberdeutscher Handelshäuser im 15. und „langen“ 16. Jahrhundert
Authors: Steuer Peter , Isenmann Mechthild
Published: August 2022

Mechthild Isenmann, Strategien, Mittel und Wege der inner- und zwischenfamiliären Konfliktlösung oberdeutscher Handelshäuser im 15. und „langen“ 16. Jahrhundert (Vierteljahresschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte – Beihefte, Bd. 249). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2020. 450 S., 15 s/wTab. ISBN 978-3-515-12574-1. € 72,–
Rezension von: Holzem, Andreas; Zimmermann, Wolfgang (Hrsg.), Geschichte der Diözese Rottenburg-Stuttgart
Authors: Bünz Enno , Holzem Andreas , Zimmermann Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

Geschichte der Diözese Rottenburg-Stuttgart, Band 1: Christentum im Südwesten vor 1800, Das 19. Jahrhundert; Band 2: Das 20. Jahrhundert. Im Auftrag des Geschichtsvereins der Diözese Rottenburg-Stuttgart, hg. von Andreas Holzem und Wolfgang Zimmermann. Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke 2019. Gzl. XVI, 723 S. und 774 S. mit Abb. ISBN 978-3-7995-0571-0. Ln. € 69,–
Rezension von: Würfel, Maria, Starke Frauen
Authors: Siart Olaf , Würfel Maria
Published: August 2022

Maria Würfel, Starke Frauen. Oberschwäbische Äbtissinnen zwischen Reformation und Säkularisation (Oberschwaben – Ansichten und Aussichten, Bd. 13). Stuttgart: verlag regionalkultur 2020. 160 S. mit 67 farb. Abb. ISBN 978-3-95505-199-0. € 20,–
Realidade virtual aplicada à segurança do trabalho na construção civil: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Neto Luiz , Manta Rafael , Cavalcanti Marília , Santos Felipe , Neuwald Adélia , Lins Raphael
Published: August 2022

A Realidade Virtual – RV pode ser considerada uma importante ferramenta para melhorar o desempenho das construções em relação a segurança do trabalho, no entanto, ainda não é amplamente utilizada. Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo é identificar, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, os diferentes usos e possibilidades da aplicação da RV, que contribuem de forma a proporcionar uma maior segurança para o trabalhador na construção. A metodologia utilizada para a realização da revisão sistemática e metanálise, seguiu as diretrizes do PRISMA – Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis. Dessa forma, foram identificados 993 artigos, e após a aplicação dos filtros e critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 33 artigos de periódicos a serem incluídos na metanálise. Através da revisão, percebe-se que a utilização da RV na segurança do trabalho ainda se encontra concentrada para treinamento de trabalhadores, embora crescente sua utilização como ferramenta de avaliação e identificação de riscos ocupacionais. Em relação aos riscos identificados e avaliados nas aplicações de RV nos artigos, verificou-se a prevalência de riscos de queda em altura, seguido por ergonômicos.
Toxicity and feasibility of total neoadjuvant therapy using short course radiation followed by chemotherapy
Authors: Rashad Heba H. , Huseiny Hisham A. El , Hussein Marwa M. , Emad Reem M. , Baradei Tarek M. El , Gabal Ahmad A. Abo , Abdelzim Yasser A.
Published: August 2022

Introduction:Upfront neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy remained a standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancers. However this strategy is associated with high rates of distant failure. Total neoadjuvant therapy with short course radiation therapy (SCRT) followed by full course of chemotherapy is investigated to assess toxicity&feasibility. Patients and methods: Fifty-one patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who presented to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, in the period from March 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. Patients were assigned to neoadjuvant short course radiation therapy (25 Gy/ 5 fractions/1 week), then 2 weeks from the end of radiation they were commenced to full course chemotherapy CAPOX (capecitabine1000 mg/m2 BID, D1-14 and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 D1) for 6 cycles, followed by surgery within 4-6 weeks from the last chemotherapy cycle. Type of surgery was decided upon surgeon’s discretion. Results: All patients completed their planned radiation therapy. Only 1 patient had grade III radiation related diarrhea. Forty three patients completed their planned chemotherapy course, 8 patients had grade III diarrhea. As regard hematological toxicity, 6 patients developed grade 3 toxicity and only one patient developed grade 4 toxicity.
Impact of COVID-19 on quality of life among healthcare doctors and public health specialist, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 2022
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud Abdulrahman , Alorf Shaikhah Hamad
Published: August 2022

Background: In 2019, coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) influences the quality of life of health personnel who are on the front lines in dealing with COVID-19 patients. Aim and objectives: The Aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of medical doctor and public health specialist who worked during COVID19, Saudi Arabia, and Riyadh 2022 and to analysis the different risk factors affect the quality of life of medical doctors and public health specialist who worked during COVID19, Saudi Arabia, and Riyadh 2022. Subjects and methods: This was an analytic cross sectional which was done at Kingdome of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh,for medical doctors and public health specialist. Results: There was statistically significant difference in psychological domain between participants with physical or psychological disorders and those without, as participants with no physical or psychological disorders had higher psychological domain (mean = 64.55 ± 16.46) than participants with physical or psychological disorders (mean = 49.89± 16.86), p-value<0.001. Conclusion: The present study revealed health care workers’ quality of life during and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such as marital status, physical and psychological disorders, place of work and specialty were significantly associated with decrease the quality of life.
Characterization of Lesions in the Central Nervous System Based on Neurosonography and Magnetic Resonance in Fetus with Isolated Congenital Heart Defects. A Systematic Review
Authors: Molina Giraldo Saulo
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Congenitalheartdefectsrepresentoneofthemainmalformationsdiagnosed prenatally. These are a major cause of neuro developmental disorders and it has even been proposed that structural brain alteration is found from early stages of fetal development. Objective: The objective of this study was to review the existing evidence of prenatal diagnosis of structural braina lterations found in fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging and neurosonography in fetus with isolated congenital heart defect. Materials and Methods: A search of Pubmed, Science Direct, Clinical Key and EBSCO databases was conducted in order to review study cases of fetuses with congenital heart defect between 18 and 37 week with Doppler ultrasonography, neurosonography and /or fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging. Results: A total of 16 articles were selected and it was found that the fetuses with congenital heart defect present structural neurological alterations from intrauterine life showed by neurosonography and fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: The evidence emphasizes on the importance of studying in detail the central nervous system of fetuses with congenital heart defect and the relationship between structural brain alterations and neurodevelopmental disorders impairment since prenatal stages.
A Review of Brown Adipose Tissue Development in T2DM-SHR/N-cp (Corpulent) Rats
Authors: Tulp Orien L
Published: August 2022

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a significant role in the expression of non-shivering thermogenesis in response to perturbations in diet and environment in man and animals. The SHR/N-cp rat is an animal model of obesity and T2DM and has been reported to exhibit an impaired thermogenic response to parameters of diet and environment. Groups of lean and obese male SHR/N-cp rats were maintained in hanging wire-bottomed steel cages and fed a nutritionally complete diet containing 54% CHO, 22% protein,16.5% mixed fats, and 4.5% essential fiber, plus vitamins, minerals, and essential micronutrients from 1 to 9 months of age. Measures of body weight were monitored and 24-hour urinary vanil mandelic acid (VMA) were determined at the end of the study. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation and the Interscapular BAT depots excised in their entirety for measures of adipocyte size, number, and lipid content. Bode weights, net weight gain and relative adiposity of Obese was significantly greater than their lean littermates throughout the study. Urinary VMA of lean > obese rats. The IBAT weight and IBAT weight: Body weight of obese >> lean. IBAT cell number, cell lipid content and % lipid of IBAT tissues of obese >> lean rats. The results of this study indicate that while the development of IBAT mass and cellularity becomes exaggerated in the obese-diabetic animals, the superimposition of the T2DM stigmata including likely insulin resistance may further compromise the capacity of the obese diabetic animals to fully express BAT-mediated contributions to nonshivering thermogenesis .
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is Extubation Failure Predictor in Pediatrics?
Authors: CM Dias
Published: August 2022

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is an indicator of autonomic activity in the regulation of circulation and changes have been associated with several pathological conditions. Aims: The aim of the study was to acess the HRV as a predictor of extubation failure in pediatrics. Methods: In this prospective observational pilot study, we included all consecutive patients from 1 month to 18 years of age who were admitted to the PICU in the ICr-HCFMUSP, São Paulo - Brazil. They were submitted to the spontaneous breathing test (SBT) and evaluated by HRV by the time and frequency domain variables derived from the Polar V800 equipment and the Kubios HRV Standart® program. Results: A total of 36 patients [age 17 (2-216) months; male/female: 20/16; PIM2 3.9 (0.3-45.5); CRP (C-reactive protein) 20.2 (0.1-327); time of mechanical ventilation 5.0 (1.0-64.0) days] were included the study. The main diagnoses were 17 patients with lung diseases, 06 liver diseases, 08 neurological diseases, 03 sepsis/ septic shock, 01 nephropatic and 01 gastric disease. The data analyzed on HRV described in Table 3. Conclusions: From the data analyzed, it can be concluded that the analysis of heart rate variability was not a predictor of success/failure of tracheal extubation for the pediatric sample studied.
Study of Optimum Drilling Mud Formula
Authors: ON Shemelina
Published: August 2022

In the work, a study was made of the rheological and physical-mechanical properties of cement grout mixture and grout cements. For a qualitative cementing process, an analysis of cement slurries was carried out with a study of changes in the consistency of cement slurries after a certain time. Thus, the acceleration of the process of drilling observation and production wells depends on the correct selected cement slurry.
Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Smallholder Cotton Producers in Zambia
Authors: Kabwe Stephen
Published: August 2022

Agriculture in Sub-Sahara Africa is considered as an engine of economic growth and has the potential to reduce rural poverty of smallholder farmers through increased food security and household income. However, most of Sub-Sahara Africa countries are faced with low agricultural productivity and this has undermined the potential to reduce rural poverty. The study focused on smallholder cotton producers in Zambia. Cotton is grown in Central, Eastern and Southern Provinces of Zambia and is an important cash crop which contributes over $60 million to the economy. It also supports over 150,000 households. However, the productivity of smallholder cotton farmers in Zambia is low, around 800 kg per hectare or less. While in West Africa productivity is over 1000 kg per hectare. Agricultural productivity is defined as a measure of the value of output for a given level of inputs. Efficiency is defined as the actual productivity of a farm relative to maximal potential productivity. This shows that efficiency is related to productivity though it is productivity at maximum or minimum values. The study used the 2008 supplemental survey data collected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Central Statistics and Food Security Research Project. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) this study determines the technical, allocative and economic efficiency indices of a sample of 812 (population estimates 150,801) cotton producers in Zambia. Using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, the study determines the factors influencing technical, allocative and economic efficiency variations. Results show that the mean technical, allocative and economic efficiency indices in cotton production are 46%, 37% and 20% respectively. This means that Zambian cotton farmers could reduce input use and production cost without altering the output by improving technical and allocative efficiency by 54% and 63% respectively. Female-headed households, number of years spent in school by the household head, leaving crop residues, the value of productive assets and off-farm income are some of the factors found to positively influence the technical, allocative and economic efficiency. The study found that cotton farmers are relatively inefficient and there is room to improve efficiency among smallholder cotton farmers in Zambia. Some socio-economic and farm-specific factors have a positive influence on efficiency. The study recommends that cotton stakeholders should devise strategies of involving more women in cotton production, improve access to productive assets, and encourage adoption of conservation farming crop residue retention as the means to improve cotton production efficiency.
Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in wild Ducks and Geese in the Bangweulu wetlands of Zambia
Authors:   Department of Veterinary and Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Samfya District, Zambia, Phiri Bruno , Mweene Aaron ,   School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Muma John ,   School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Moonga Ladslav ,   School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Hang'ombe Bernard ,   School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Published: August 2022

Avian influenza is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of avian origin and is of major economic and public health importance. Out of all the 16 haemagglutinin subtypes of influenza viruses, only H5 and H7 are considered highly pathogenic in poultry. However, previous studies have reported that serotype H9N2 produces severe respiratory and reproductive tract infections in chickens. Previous studies have suggested that poultry movement through trade and migratory wild birds play a major role in the spread of avian influenza viruses over long distances. Surveillance studies among wild ducks and geese in many parts of the world have always resulted in the isolation of a broad spectrum of avian influenza virus subtypes. Although avian influenza has not yet been reported in Zambia, its outbreak would be devastating to the local economy. The present study was carried out to determine the presence of avian influenza viruses in the wild migratory ducks and geese on the Bangweulu wetlands of Zambia located in Luapula and Northern provinces of Zambia during 2009-2010. A total of 2,000 environmental samples of fresh faeces of wild ducks and geese on the Bangweulu wetlands of Zambia were examined and analysed for the presence of avian influenza viruses. The study found that H6N2 and H9N2 subtypes were present in the faeces of the Knob-billed ducks (Sarkidiornis melanotos). These data indicated that wild migratory ducks that inhabit the Bangweulu wetlands play a role as carriers of influenza viruses, thus necessitating continued surveillance studies so as to elucidate the ecology of the viruses in the area.
Namwali Serpell's The Old Drift as a Postcolonial Text: A Semiotic, Linguistic and Onomastic Analysis
Authors:   University of Zambia, Chilala Cheela
Published: August 2022

This essay analyses Namwali Serpell’s seminal novel The Old Drift from a postcolonial perspective. In pursuing this goal, the essay utilises some aspects of postcolonial theory, semiotics, onomastics and linguistics. In particular, it looks at how Serpell reinterprets the history of colonial Zambia as projected and interpreted by colonial writers. The findings suggest that the novel epitomises a new drift in Zambian literature. The novel problematises the views of the imperial centre as exemplified in colonial literature and suggests that the colonisers used the gun, fraud, deception, language and names as some of the means of subjugating the local people and dispossessing them of their land. Therefore, the whole colonial enterprise was pursued for the benefit of the white settlers at the expense of the local people and was motivated by greed, selfishness and self-aggrandisement.
Study on Occupational Stress and Control Strategies of Public High School Teachers
Authors: Hu Lei
Published: August 2022

In recent years, public high school teachers have received widespread attention from all walks of life because of their particularity, and occupational stress is also one of the key issues. Public high school teachers' widespread professional pressure will affect their own development and work efficiency, and will also have a negative impact on the development of students. This paper investigates the current situation of professional pressure of public high school teachers, and analyzes it from the aspects of teachers' professional pressure, interpersonal relationship pressure, professional burden pressure, professional development pressure, student management pressure and family pressure. The results show that teachers in public high schools generally have occupational stress. In view of this situation, we can improve from the aspects of school, society, teachers themselves and families to relieve the professional pressure of public high school teachers.