bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical inventory of the envelope of the Class I protostar L1551 IRS 5
Authors: Marchand P. , Coutens A. , Scigliuto J. , de Miera F. Cruz-Sáenz , Andreu A. , Loison J.-C. , Kóspál Á. , Ábráham P.
Published: May 2024

Episodic accretion in protostars leads to luminosity outbursts that end up heating their surroundings. This rise in temperature pushes the snow lines back, enabling the desorption of chemical species from dust grain surfaces, which may significantly alter the chemical history of the accreting envelope. However, a limited number of extensive chemical surveys of eruptive young stars have been performed thus far. In the present study, we carry out a large spectral survey of the binary Class I protostar L1551 IRS 5, known to be a FUor-like object, in the 3 mm and 2mm bands with the IRAM-30m telescope. As a result, we detected more than 400 molecular lines. The source displays a great chemical richness with the detection of 75 species, including isotopologues. Among these species, there are 13 hydrocarbons, 25 N-bearing species, 30 O-bearing species, 15 S-bearing species, 12 deuterated molecules, and a total of 10 complex organic molecules (l-C4H2, CH3CCH, CH2DCCH, CH3CHO, CH3CN, CH3OCH3, CH3OCHO, CH3OH, CH2DOH, and HC5N). With the help of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE models, we determined the column densities of most molecules as well as excitation and kinetic temperatures. While most of those molecules trace the cold envelope (≲20 K), the OCS and CH3OH emission arise from the warm (>100 K) innermost (<2″) regions. We compared the chemical inventory of L1551 IRS 5 and its column density ratios, including isotopic ratios, with other protostellar sources. A broad chemical diversity is seen among Class I objects. More observations with both single-dish telescopes and interferometers are needed to characterize the diversity in a larger sample of protostars, while more astrochemical models would help explain this diversity, in addition to the impact of luminosity outbursts on the chemistry of protostellar envelopes.
Geometric morphometry as a new method of differentiation of intrabreed types in horse breeding
Authors: Borisova A.V. , Shemarykin A.E. , Datsyshin A.A. , Koroleva G.V.
Published: May 2024

Assessment of type severity and exterior correctness is a necessary breeding measure in breeding work with breeds. Traditionally assessed features demonstrate subjectivism. The assessment of the type severity and the exterior correctness was initially based on the opinion of experts on whether the animal corresponds to a certain type of breed or not. The new method of geometric morphometry, based on comparing objects by their shape without considering differences in size, is of undoubted interest for research aimed at studying the physique features of horses of various intrabreed and breeder types. The key task of the geometric morphometry method is to evaluate the distinctive features of objects in shape, excluding the influence of their differences in size. It is based on the concept of a multidimensional space of forms. The article presents the results of testing the application of the geometric morphometry method for the differentiation of intrabreed horse types of purebred Arabian and performance horse breeds. It is revealed that geometric morphometry within the framework of a theoretical approach can be used as an additional tool to traditional methods of assessing the phenotypic characteristics of horses of various intrabreed types.
The effectiveness of growing repair heifers-daughters of different servicing bulls
Authors: Gorelik O.V. , Kharlap S.Yu. , Pavlova Ya.S. , Galushina P.S. , Bykova O.A. , Kaneva E.V.
Published: May 2024

Since 2021, the Sverdlovsk region has switched to the cultivation and use of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed, obtained as a result of long-term use of the global gene pool of Holstein bulls. Evaluation of the effectiveness of rearing repair heifers from different servicing bulls is relevant and has practical significance. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that repair heifers increased their live weight with age, which by the age of 18 months reached from 508.0 kg (daughter of Thunderlight bull) to 529.3 kg (daughter of Seiner bull). The daughters of the Seiner bull have a higher growth rate. The daughters of the Thunderlight bull had lower live weight indicators for growth periods. The patterns of change in the average daily body weight gains in heifers-daughters of the evaluated servicing bulls were the same and corresponded to the general patterns of animal growth and development. The cultivation of repair young animals on the farm is profitable at a profitability level of 16.5-21.6%. Thus, the servicing bull has an impact on the growth and development of repair heifers, daughters, who are used to renew the herd. They differ in their features, despite the general patterns of growth and have different growth rates.
Vegetable raw materials as a way to improve the quality of bakery products
Authors: Naumenko N.V. , Chaplina A.A. , Fatkullin R.I. , Skachkova E.N. , Fatkullina N.I.
Published: May 2024

The development of the food industry is aimed at developing products with new consumer properties: low in sugar and fat, with an increase in the amount of dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. As one of such an approach, the use of non-traditional vegetable raw ingredients (whole grain flour from sprouted grain (WG) and pectin) can be proposed, which will allow the formation of high-quality food products of a functional orientation. The conducted studies have shown that the above components have an effect on the dough rheological properties: the extensibility of the dough decreases with the introduction of pectin by more than 2 times, the values of the farinograph quality index increase, and the best result is characteristic with the introduction of 2% pectin. The use of WG slightly increases the time of dough formation, while the dough resistance to kneading and the farinograph quality index increase by an average of 54 – 240% from the amount of replacement. Control and experimental bread samples have fairly high total values of organoleptic evaluation. The specific volume of bread increased by 12% when adding WG, and by 8% when adding pectin.
Intensification of the production of a plant-based probiotic drink
Authors: Popova N.V. , Kameneva K.S. , Vasiliev A.K.
Published: May 2024

The quality of the finished probiotic drink is closely related to the completeness and intensity of the fermentation process of lactic acid bacteria in the plant environment of the drink. As part of our research, ways to intensify the fermentation process are proposed due to the additional introduction of vegetable protein and curcumin into the oat drink. The activity of the fermentation process was assessed by the accumulation of biomass, the results of the titrated acidity assessment, the antioxidant properties of probiotic drinks, and the number of probiotic microorganisms. The research results showed that the introduction of additional vegetable protein and curcumin activates the accumulation of microbial biomass by an average of 15-85%, lactic acid – by 40-69% and 5.9 – 12%, respectively, increases antioxidant activity by an average of 2.2 – 6.7%, the increase in protozoan Paramecium Caudatum is when introduced into protein samples – 71.8-74.4%, curcumin – 3.1-22.8%. Thus, it was found that an additional increase in the protein component of the nutrient medium of a vegetable drink and the introduction of curcumin have a stimulating effect on biotechnological processes and are promising in the production of probiotic drinks.
The state of the caecum microflora in laying hens when phytobiotics are included in the diet
Authors: Shatskikh Elena V. , Latypova Ekaterina N.
Published: May 2024

The article describes the composition of the microflora of caecum in laying hens when introducing feed additives with phytobiotic effect “Activo” and “Activo Liquid” into the diet used at the enterprise. Microbiological studies indicated a lower content (at 24 weeks of age) and absence (at 32 weeks of age) of opportunistic microflora in the caeca of experimental birds in the form of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus; absence of Streptococcus haemolyticus B of serogroup G; a decrease in the level of fungal flora Candida sp. and the absence of hemolytic E. coli (Escherichia coli haemolytic) in all study periods. The noted positive effects contributed to an increase in productive indicators in chickens.
The morphofunctional state of pregnant sheep in the last stages of gestation is normal and with symptoms of eclampsia
Authors: Bulatov Rinat N. , Avdeenko Vladimir S.
Published: May 2024

Sheep in the last stages of pregnancy showed signs of eclampsia, such as proteinuria, hypertension, swelling of the abdominal wall, and coma. Based on the diagnoses, two groups of 20 sheep with eclampsia were created: typical and atypical signs, in each, and one group of clinically healthy animals. From each group, 5 animals were slaughtered. In sheep suffering from eclampsia, a decrease in the total mass of the placenta and its cotyledons, as well as an increase in the length of the umbilical cord, was also found. Standard histological and histochemical studies were performed on the obtained placental samples. As a result, it was found that the average thickness of the integumentary epithelium of the caruncles in ewes with a typical form of eclampsia was 14.3 ± 1.7 μm, and in sheep with an atypical form - 15.5 ± 1.9 μm, compared with 27.9 ± 1 .9 µm in the physiological course of gestation. This leads to a general decrease in the thickness of the layers of connective tissue separating the crypt and villi of the cotyledons. In addition, the cytoplasm of cells exhibits dystrophic modifications along with a decrease in the ability to store glycogen. Dystrophic changes are present in the cytoplasm of cells, which contributes to a decrease in glycogen storage.
Еstimation of S100 calcium binding protеin A8/calgranulin A (S100A8) lеvеl in Systеmic Lupus Еrythеmatosus patiеnts (nеphritis patiеnts)
Authors: Kadhim Doaa Amer , Al-Dujaili Arshad Noori
Published: May 2024

Systеmic Lupus Еrythеmatosus (SLЕ) is a multifactorial autoimmunе disеasе, in which gеnеtic and еnvironmеntal factors intеract to dеtеrminе suscеptibility and phеnotypе. Thе aim of thе currеnt study wеrе to dеtеct thе analytic еstimation of sеrum S100 calcium binding protеin A8/ calgranulin A (S100A8) lеvеl in Systеmic Lupus Еrythеmatosus patiеnts (nеphritis patiеnts). Mеthods: This invеstigation was conductеd at Najaf public laboratoriеs and Biological Thеrapy cеntеr in Marjan Tеaching Hospital in Babylon, Iraq. During thе pеriod from Octobеr, 2022 till May, 2023. This invеstigation was includеd 120 subjеcts womеn dividеd into two groups 90 patiеnts group (all patiеnts 90 has ANA positivе, 60 only from thеsе womеn has positivе anti-doublе strandеd antibody suffеring from SLЕ) that agе rangеs from 20-39 yеars and control group was composеd of 30 fеmalе hеalthy pеrsons. Paramеtеrs that еstimatе in this invеstigation includе: urеa concеntration and S100 calcium binding protеin A8/ calgranulin A (S100A8) еstimatе by using еnzymе linkеd immunе sorbеnt assay. As wеll as studying thе rеlation bеtwееn this biomarkеr lеvеl, Body Mass Indеx (BMI), agе, and Hb, Lеukocytе count and urеa. Rеsults: Thе rеsults showеd a significant incrеasе (P-Valuе< 0.05) in urеa concеntration, and significant incrеasе (P-Valuе < 0.05) in lеvеl of S100 calcium binding protеin A8/ calgranulin A (S100A8) in systеmic lupus еrythеmatosus patiеnts as comparison with hеalthy groups. Еnzymе Linkеd Immunе Sorbеnt Assay mеasurе of sеrum S100 calcium binding protеin A8/ calgranulin A (S100A8) indicatеd morе significant lеvеls for systеmic lupus еrythеmatosus patiеnts than hеalthy controls. Conclusion: Thе currеnt study concludеd that a S100 calcium binding protеin A8/ calgranulin A (S100A8) is a prognostic markеr and еarly dеtеction of systеmic lupus еrythеmatosus with rеnal disеasе associatеd with somе complication.
Evaluation the validity of Interleukin-17 in Nephrotic Syndrome patients
Authors: Kadim Alaa Abd , Hassan Adhraa Baqer
Published: May 2024

Background: The Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is a clinical condition characterized via severe proteinuria, which causes hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, and other problems. It is produced by basement membrane is more permeable as a result of the damage of the renal glomerulus. Essentially, it occurs when there is an abnormality in glomerular permeability, which can be due to an intrinsic renal disease or secondary to congenital infections, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, or neoplasia. Materials and methods: The research study was conducted on 70 randomly selected participants (35 Females and 35 Males) with autoimmune disease and nephrotic syndrom attending the kidney disease center in AlSadder Teaching City in AlNajaf province, Iraq. It was carried out from December 2022 to July 2023. The age of patients was range of 1-50y. Results: show a significant escalation (P≤ 0.05) in Interleukin level in nephrotic patients in comparing with control groups also a significant rise (P≤ 0.05) in Interleukin (IL)-17 level in nephrotic patients at Various ages groups in comparison to the various age groups of control groups and results moreover demonstrate significant effect (p≥ 0.05) in Interleukin (IL)-17 level between groups of ages. reveal no significant effect (P≥ 0.05) in Interleukin (IL)-17 level in females and males in nephrotic patients furthermore show a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in Interleukin level in nephrotic patients in rural groups than urban groups. Conclusion: concluded that Interleukin-17 highly elevated and in patients with nephrotic syndrome, this factor is also linked to disease severity.
Malting barley in the Northern Urals
Authors: Belkina R.I. , Lukyanets M.S. , Gubanov M.V. , Raichert D.V.
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of studying the yield and grain quality of malting barley varieties grown on different backgrounds of fertilizers. Barley grain is a valuable raw material for the cereal, brewing, and feed processing industries. In the Northern Trans-Urals, barley is the most important forage and food crop. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of increasing norms of mineral fertilizers on the yield and grain quality of malting barley varieties in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. Studies were conducted in 2022 and 2023 with the varieties Acha, Despina, KVS Hobbs, Beatrice. The experiment options included: 1) control without fertilizers; 2) N30P30K30; 3) N60P60K60. The soil cover of the experimental field is leached chernozem, heavy loamy in granulometric composition. The chemical composition of the soil is characterized by an average humus content in the arable layer, an average supply of phosphorus, potassium, low nitrogen and a slightly acidic reaction of the soil solution. The conditions of the 2022 growing season were characterized by high air temperature and sufficient precipitation. Meteorological indicators in 2023 were characterized by excessively high air temperatures and uneven precipitation, which negatively affected the yield of barley varieties. In the conditions of 2022, the varieties showed responsiveness to fertilizers. The greatest increase in yield was obtained against an increased background (N60P60K60): in the Acha variety – 1.48 t/ha; in the Despina variety – 2.71 t /ha, in the KVS Hobbs variety – 2.12 t/ha, in the Beatrice variety - 1.60 t/ha. In 2023, reliable increases from the action of fertilizers were obtained in two varieties – Acha (+0.57 t/ha) and Beatrice (+0.67 t/ha) against an increased background of fertilizers. Barley varieties were characterized by high indicators of grain nature and germination ability. The protein content corresponded to the standards for brewing in the Despina and KVS Hobbs varieties in the version without fertilizers and in the N30P30K30 variant, in the Beatrice variety – in all variants, in the Acha variety – only in the version without fertilizers.
Analytical assessment of the machinery use efficiency in the technology of crop products production
Authors: Gusev Andrey
Published: May 2024

The crop growing industry focuses, first of all, on highly productive and efficient machinery that meets all modern requirements of agricultural production. This machinery can significantly increase the productivity of agricultural labor and create comfortable working conditions. Digital transformation and digitalization of crop production requires introducing highly intelligent machinery and technologies for crop cultivation into the agro-industrial complex, which, in turn, necessitates requirements for the growth of intellectual abilities of agricultural workers. The current prices for modern machinery and technologies are very high; for many enterprises it is not possible to purchase them, therefore the relevance of state support from federal sources is very necessary. There is a negative trend in the numerical reduction of machinery in the region under study, as a result of which there is an increase in the specific load per unit of machinery, and that leads to accelerated wear. As a result, production volumes in crop growing are being reduced. Calculations show that the degree of exploitation of the combine harvester fleet in the region is slightly higher than that of the tractor fleet, so these trends should be taken into account in the process of planning the volume of investments for their acquisition.
Evaluation of the portfolio of commercial products of a timber procurement enterprise with maximizing the use of raw materials
Authors: Mokhirev A.P. , Dudin P.O.
Published: May 2024

To date, it is possible to produce a large number of variants of finished wood products. At the same time, each type of product requires its own production process, raw materials and different costs. The cost of the products will also vary. In addition to the above, a large number of parameters affect the portfolio of marketable products being formed. They have different degrees of influence, which makes it difficult to form a list of effective products. The purpose of these studies was to conduct a factor analysis of the formation of a portfolio of commercial logging products. The method of factor analysis and expert assessments was applied to the research. To conduct a factor analysis, 14 factors were identified in three groups (technical and technological, raw materials, economic and legislative). To assess the influence of factors on the choice of a portfolio of marketable products, experienced employees of the engineering and technical direction of logging enterprises were invited. According to the calculations carried out in the framework of the research, the opinions of experts are consistent. According to the research results, the demand for products; the market price of products; defects of raw materials (9%), as well as the required level of personnel qualification; the cost of production; the cost of raw materials and the purchasing power of the population (8%) have the greatest influence on the choice of a portfolio of marketable products to maximize the use of raw materials. The obtained data is planned to be used to compile mathematical models and form rational technological chains of the logging process for natural, climatic and production conditions.
Analysis of the flammability of forests in the Orenburg region
Authors: Simonenkova Victoria , Kalyakina Railya , Simonenkov Vladislav , Anhalt Elena , Sadykov Elver
Published: May 2024

The article provides information on the dynamics of forest fires in the forestry districts of the Orenburg region, the potential danger to the gas processing and oil production industries of the region, and the impact of fires on forest phytocenoses. The Orenburg region, compared to other regions of Russia, is characterized by a high level of anthropogenic impact, so it is the most vulnerable, prone to fires, including forest fires, which in recent years tend to increase. The analysis of fire dynamics has shown that in the sparsely forested territory of the Orenburg region, forest fires cause serious economic damage every year. The territory of the Orenburg region is characterized by a high risk of fires. During the period under review, fires occurred everywhere. The most fire-prone areas are the territories confined to the transition from steppe to dry-steppe zones, as well as those located near large population centers. It is recommended to take into account the presented data when planning forest protection measures in the territory of the Orenburg region.
Functional value of biologically active honey components
Authors: Pashayan Susanna A.
Published: May 2024

The article shows data on diastase activity and pollen analysis of honey from apiaries in the south of the Tyumen region. The research was conducted in the period 2017-2022. Honey maturation is a complex biochemical process in which biologically active substances, which include lysozyme and amylase, formed in the digestive glands of worker bees, play a significant role. They provide honey with high biological properties. Lysozyme is an antibacterial enzyme produced in the body of animals that prevents the penetration of microbes, viruses and fungi into honey. Amylase - breaks down the complex carbohydrates of nectar, converting them into glucose and fructose. These enzymes in bees are formed to a greater extent in the maxillary and pharyngeal glands. These are the high biological properties of honey. During the work on the pollen analysis of honey, it was revealed that the honey of apiaries in the south of the Tyumen region is polyphlorous, since pollen grains of various honey plants were identified in the studied honey samples, which included linden, sweet clover, rapeseed, esparcet, winter cress, dandelion, clover, sow thistle. The results of diastase activity determination showed that in experimental honey samples the diastase number was in the range from 8.0 to 23.8%, high diastase activity characterizes the quality of honey, since it, undergoing prolonged biochemical treatment, is more saturated with enzymes and biologically active substances. According to the research results, honey with high diastase activity includes samples from apiaries of Yalutorovsky and Isetsky districts.
Modeling of biotechnological objects
Authors: Kalandarov P.I. , Abdullaev Kh.Kh. , Khaitov A.N. , Sharifov Kh.S. , Murodova G.F.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the system of modeling biotechnological objects and biogas production in the process of fermentation of various agricultural wastes. The complexity of automation of biotechnological processes, which consists in the lack of sufficient knowledge about the phenomena associated with the process of fermentation and the synthesis of target materials, is shown. Solutions to control problems using intelligent methods, intelligent control systems, based on fuzzy logic and on the basis of on the basis of neural network technologies, which have proven themselves in the control of complex objects with parameters that vary widely, as well as the analysis of algorithms for the operation of programmable logic controllers that perform the functions of regulators in the systems of operational control of complex processes, adaptive neuro-fuzzy architecture. Distributed in management decision support systems, it is made in the form of a six-layer neural structure, i.e. systems with neuro-fuzzy regulators, are able to largely meet the modern requirements of the designed systems, as a result of which the systems, using the technology of synthesis of intelligent control algorithms, can optimize complex circuits of automatic control systems.
Γ-convergence of a discrete Kirchhoff rod energy
Authors: Dondl Patrick , Hounkpe Coffi Aristide , Jesenko Martin
Published: May 2024

This work is motivated by the classical discrete elastic rod model by Audoly et al. We derive a discrete version of the Kirchhoff elastic energy for rods undergoing bending and torsion and prove Γ-convergence to the continuous model. This discrete energy is given by the bending and torsion energy of an interpolating conforming polynomial curve and provides a simple formula for the bending energy depending on each discrete segment only on angle and adjacent edge lengths. For the lim inf-inequality, we need to introduce penalty terms to ensure arc-length parametrization in the limit. For the recovery sequence, a discretization with equal Euclidean distance between consecutive points is constructed. Particular care is taken to treat the interaction between bending and torsion by employing a discrete version of the Bishop frame.
The reform and practice of biology innovation and entrepreneurship education aiming at improving both ability and quality-- Southwest Forestry University explores the “industry-university-research” collaborative education model
Authors: Wu Chengyi , Wang Jinhua , Yan Qiuli , Jiang Yurou
Published: May 2024

"Industry-university-research" collaborative education mode is a kind of personnel training mode that closely combines industry, academia and research. This study aims to explore the reform and practice of biological innovation and entrepreneurship education with the goal of improving both ability and quality, and focuses on the application and effect of "industry-university-research" collaborative education mode. Through in-depth analysis of the current situation and problems of biology education, we aim to put forward targeted reform measures and methods to provide useful reference for the development of biology education.
Research on linear regression algorithm
Authors: Qu Kecheng
Published: May 2024

Linear regression is one of the most widely used predictive models in statistics and machine learning. This paper aims to comprehensively discuss the theoretical basis, mathematical principle and application of linear regression algorithm in various fields. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background and significance of linear regression, and summarizes its important role in modern data analysis. Then, the paper elaborates the basic theory of linear regression, including its definition, assumptions, parameter estimation methods and model diagnosis and selection. In addition, different types of linear regression are classified and discussed, such as simple linear regression, multiple linear regression and logistic regression, and the specific application scenarios of each type are analyzed.
Reflections on the construction of first class curriculum based on signals and systems
Authors: Qu Qiuhui
Published: May 2024

In the context of the Internet and information age, China’s higher education continues to develop towards intelligence and digitization, and the corresponding educational and teaching methods have also undergone changes. As one of the key courses in most universities of science and engineering, “Signal and Systems” is a fundamental and practical course that students must learn. Teachers should keep up with the times in theoretical and practical teaching, constantly update teaching methods, effectively combine online teaching using information technology with offline classroom teaching, and create a “learning centered” online and offline hybrid first-class course. Curriculum is the most micro issue in education, the “last mile” that embodies the concept of “student-centered development”, and the concretization, operationalization, and objectification of the fundamental standards of “cultivating virtue and cultivating effectiveness”. The curriculum construction in the new era should reflect the requirements of “high-level, innovative, and challenging”.
Research and practice on the new business informationization teaching reform based on the superstar platform+Chinese university MOOC
Authors: Qu Qiuhui
Published: May 2024

Based on the “Superstar Learning Platform” and the “China MOOC” platform resources, this paper enables cross professional integration of new business subjects through information technology, reconstructs the knowledge structure and curriculum system of “Internet plus+New Business”, explores the “online and offline” classroom cross integration teaching mode, conducts research and practice on teaching reform of new business informatization, and cultivates digital and innovative talents with the characteristics of business of the times.
The analysis of integration points of ideological and political elements in American literature course
Authors: Han Bin , Zhang Wenhui
Published: May 2024

The ideological and political education can be integrated into American Literature course from the perspectives of consolidation of the patriotism, cultivation of social responsibility, improvement of personal character and morality, culturing of humanity quality and training of international vision and cultural inheritance, which enable teachers to combine knowledge teaching and ability training with students’ thinking improvement, value guidance and moral training in class, thus achieving the profound exploration of the value of classic literary works and the maximization of teaching values.
Generalities on a Delayed Spatiotemporal Host–Pathogen Infection Model with Distinct Dispersal Rates
Authors: Djilali Salih
Published: May 2024

We propose a general model to investigate the effect of the distinct dispersal coefficients infected and susceptible hosts in the pathogen dynamics. The mathematical challenge lies in the fact that the investigated model is partially degenerate and the solution map is not compact. The spatial heterogeneity of the model parameters and the distinct diffusion coefficients induce infection in the low-risk regions. In fact, as infection dispersal increases, the reproduction of the pathogen particles decreases. The dynamics of the investigated model is governed by the value of the basic reproduction numberR0. IfR0≤ 1, then the pathogen particles extinct, and forR0> 1 the pathogen particles persist, and there is at least one positive steady state. The asymptotic profile of the positive steady state is shown in the case when one or both diffusion coefficients for the host tends to zero or infinity.
DRESS als seltene Differentialdiagnose bei Eosinophilie, Hautexanthem und akuter Hepatitis
Authors: Prechal Daniela , Arntzen David , Klaas Lioba , Paulmann Maren , Mockenhaupt Maja , Thimme Robert , Schuchmann Marcus
Published: May 2024

Eine 21-jährige Patientin stellte sich mit seit 2 Wochen bestehendem Fieber, Pharyngitis, Lymphadenopathie und generalisiertem Exanthem vor. Allergien seien nicht bekannt, die Familien- und Reiseanamnese ist unauffällig. Aufgrund einer Depression wird seit 1,5 Jahren Duloxetin eingenommen, bei bipolarer Störung wurde seit 4 Wochen Lamotrigin eingenommen, bei ansteigenden Transaminasen jedoch abgesetzt. Laborchemisch zeigten sich bei Aufnahme eine Eosinophilie (1,327 /nl), eine Lymphozytose sowie das Bild einer akuten Hepatitis (GOT 428 U/l, GPT 438 U/l) mit eingeschränkter Spontangerinnung. Die Entzündungsparameter waren erhöht. Sonografisch imponierte eine Hepatosplenomegalie mit Aszites. Eine akute virale oder parasitäre Infektion wurde serologisch ausgeschlossen. Im Hautbiopsat zeigte sich ein perivaskuläres Entzündungsinfiltrat, passend zu einem Hypersensitivitätssyndrom. Im Leberbiopsat fanden sich entzündliche Infiltrate, vereinbar mit einer medikamentös-toxisch induzierten Hepatitis. Im Verlauf traten Husten, Dyspnoe und ein Pleuraerguss rechts auf. In Zusammenschau der Befunde und mit Hilfe des RegiSCAR-Scores konnte die Diagnose „drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms“ (DRESS) gestellt werden. Unter hochdosierter Prednisolontherapie kam es zu einem sukzessiven Abfall der Transaminasen und zur Rekonstitution der Lebersynthese.

Bei Eosinophilie, Lymphadenopathie, akuter Hepatitis und generalisiertem Exanthem stellt DRESS eine seltene, aufgrund des potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Verlaufes jedoch wichtige Differenzialdiagnose dar. Die wichtigste Maßnahme ist das sofortige Absetzen der als Auslöser vermuteten Medikation. In schweren Fällen sollte die Therapie mit hochdosierten systemischen Kortikosteroiden erfolgen.
Sinostose radioulnar após fixação endomedular do rádio e ulna em paciente com cotovelo flutuante: Relato de caso
Authors: Medellin Rincon Manuel Ricardo , Navarro Pimiento Diana Camila , Ortegon Candela Edwin Nicolas , Muñoz Vanegas Camila , Gonzalez Chavez Raul Ernesto
Published: May 2024

O cotovelo flutuante é um quadro complexo e raro, causado por trauma de alta energia. Neste artigo, apresentamos o caso de um paciente que sofreu um acidente de trânsito com trauma craniano grave, cotovelo flutuante (fratura diafisária do úmero, fratura diafisária proximal do rádio e fratura segmentar da ulna) e lesão no nervo radial. Foram realizadas fixações com uma placa umeral e hastes intramedulares no antebraço. Embora o resultado tenha sido satisfatório, a sinostose radioulnar foi identificada nos controles pós-operatórios. Devido ao comprometimento neurológico, ao tipo de fraturas e à estabilização selecionada, acreditamos que o uso de hastes intramedulares no antebraço para casos semelhantes deve ser cuidadosamente avaliado.
Childhood Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas: Acute Presentation of an Uncommon Tumor
Authors: Shetty Y. Vikhyath , Helavar Rajesh Venkatesh , B. Madhukumar S.
Published: May 2024

Solid pseudopapillary tumor is a mixed solid and cystic neoplasm of the pancreas which occurs most commonly in females in second or third decade of life with few reported pediatric cases. It has a low malignancy potential with good prognosis after surgical resection.

We present a case of an 11-year-old male child with solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas who presented with clinical features of acute pancreatitis. He was initially evaluated with ultrasound, followed by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas presenting as acute pancreatitis is rarely reported in literature. This case is a unique presentation of a pancreatic tumor and highlights the value of multiphase CT imaging and MRI in the diagnosis.
Role of ultrathin Ti3C2Tx MXene layer for developing solution-processed high-performance low voltage metal oxide transistors
Authors: Rawat Ankita , Pandey Utkarsh , Chourasia Ritesh Kumar , Rajput Gaurav , Pal Bhola Nath , Chourasia Nitesh K. , Kulriya Pawan Kumar
Published: May 2024

Metal oxide transistors have garnered substantial attention for their potential in low-power electronics, yet challenges remain in achieving both high performance and low operating voltages through solution-based fabrication methods. Optimizing interfacial engineering at the dielectric/semiconductor interface is of utmost importance in the fabrication of high-performance thin film transistors (TFTs). In the present article, a bilayer Ti3C2Tx-MXene/SnO2–semiconductor (Tx stands for surface termination) configuration is used to fabricate a high-performance n-type thin film transistor by using an ion-conducting Li-Al2O3 gate dielectric on a p+-Si substrate, where electrical charges are formed and modulated at the Li-Al2O3/SnO2 interface, and Ti3C2Tx-MXene nanosheets serve as the primary electrical charge channel due to their long lateral size and high mobility. A comparative characterization of two distinct TFTs is conducted, one featuring Ti3C2Tx MXene and SnO2 semiconductor layer and the other with SnO2 only. Notably, the TFT with the Ti3C2Tx MXene layer has shown a significant boost in the carrier mobility (10.6 cm2/V s), leading to remarkable improvements in the on/off ratio (1.3 × 105) and subthreshold swing (194 mV/decade), whereas the SnO2 TFT without the Ti3C2Tx MXene layer shows a mobility of 1.17 cm2/V s with 8.1 × 102 on/off ratio and 387 mV/decade subthreshold swing. This investigation provides a possible way toward the development of high-performance, low-voltage TFT fabrication with the MXene/semiconductor combination.
Control of the unscreened modes in AlGaN/GaN terahertz plasmonic crystals
Authors: Dub M. , Sai P. , Ivonyak Y. , But D. B. , Kacperski J. , Prystawko P. , Kucharski R. , Słowikowski M. , Cywiński G. , Knap W. , Rumyantsev S.
Published: May 2024

Unscreened (ungated) plasmons in large-area grating-gate AlGaN/GaN heterostructures were studied experimentally by Fourier-transform spectroscopy. Special attention was paid to the recently discovered THz plasmonic crystal modes observed at totally depleted gated regions when plasma oscillations were localized only in ungated parts of the grating-gate structures. The frequency of these modes is still gate voltage-dependent in the limited range due to the depletion of the ungated parts located close to the gate edges. Double gate structures with an additional bottom gate were fabricated and studied to improve the gate voltage tunability of the unscreened plasmons. Since this gate is located deep below the channel, the plasmons behaved as ungated ones, but their frequency still could be tuned by this bottom gate. We show that the combined effect of the top and bottom gates allows the efficient tuning of terahertz frequencies of unscreened modes in the grating-gate AlGaN/GaN plasmonic crystals.
The use of He buffer gas for moderating the plume kinetic energy during Nd:YAG-PLD growth of EuxY2−xO3 phosphor films
Authors: Suzuki Shizuka , Dazai Takuro , Tokunaga Tomoharu , Yamamoto Takahisa , Katoh Ryuzi , Lippmaa Mikk , Takahashi Ryota
Published: May 2024

We have investigated the He buffer gas process of moderating the kinetic energy of the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) plume during EuxY2−xO3 phosphor film growth. When using a neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser for PLD thin film growth, the kinetic energy of the ablation plumes can be high enough to cause the formation of point defects in the film. The buffer gas pressure is an important process parameter in PLD film growth. We find that the presence of the He buffer gas reduces the kinetic energy of the laser deposition plume through many low-angle collisions in the gas phase by a factor of 7 without reducing the deposition rate. This is because He is much lighter than any of the elements in the plume and it does not affect the composition of the oxide films. Consequently, the resputtering of the Y2O3 film surface by the plume was significantly suppressed in the presence of the He gas moderator, leading to a decrease of the defect density in the Y2O3 films. The improvement of the film quality was verified by a systematic analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) data for EuxY2−xO3 composition–gradient films. The PL lifetime and intensity of Eu0.2Y1.8O3, which shows the highest PL intensity, increased by 13.3% and 36.4%, respectively, when the He gas moderation process was used. The He buffer gas process is applicable to the PLD growth of the other oxide materials as well, where the reduction of the kinetic energy of the plume would bring the PLD process closer to the molecular beam epitaxy growth condition.
Does the ionic distribution in the electrical double layer modify second harmonic scattering?
Authors: Chu Bingxin , Roke Sylvie , Marchioro Arianna
Published: May 2024

Surface-specific nonlinear optical techniques are ideally suited to investigate the complex structure of aqueous interfaces. For colloidal particles dispersed in aqueous solutions, interfacial properties can be retrieved with angle-resolved second harmonic scattering (AR-SHS). The mathematical framework of AR-SHS does not require a priori knowledge on the electrostatic distribution in the first few nanometers close to the interface, therefore allowing us to formulate a molecular-level description of the electrical double layer (EDL) based on the experimental data. However, farther away from the interface, an analytical form of the electrostatic potential decay is necessary to account for the distance dependence of the surface electrostatic field propagating into the solution. This requirement is especially important at low ionic strengths, where the electrostatic field is not efficiently screened by counterions. Here, we examine to what extent the analytical form of the electrostatic potential decay impacts the AR-SHS data analysis. We analyze the effect of different functions on the scattering form factors, on the integrated AR-SHS signal intensity, and on the surface parameters extracted from fitting the AR-SHS data. We find that the trends of the surface parameters remain similar regardless of the chosen function, demonstrating the robustness of our approach to establish a molecular-level picture of the EDL. At ionic strengths <10−4M for 100-nm diameter particles, a functional form that physically represents counterions packed more densely in the vicinity of the surface than in the case of the Poisson–Boltzmann distribution has the largest impact, resulting in an overestimation of the obtained surface potential.
Efficient magnetization switching induced by spin–orbit torque in perpendicularly magnetized Mn1+xCo2−xAl Heusler alloys
Authors: Qin Hongrui , Zhao Xupeng , Han Rongkun , Sun Hongli , Xie Zhicheng , Wei Dahai , Zhao Jianhua
Published: May 2024

Perpendicularly magnetized Co-based Heusler alloys are promising candidates in high-performance spintronic devices. However, there is a contradiction between thermal stability and damping-like spin–orbit torque (SOT) efficiency in Co-based Heusler alloys with interface-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Here, we present epitaxially grown perpendicularly magnetized Mn1+xCo2−xAl (MCA) Heusler alloys through tetragonal distortion. Ferrimagnetism and distortion-induced PMA are obtained in MCA Heusler alloys. A large effective spin Hall angle (θeff) up to 0.33 is experimentally demonstrated in Pt/MCA bilayers, markedly surpassing that in conventional Pt/FM bilayers. Consequently, SOT-induced efficient magnetization switching is realized in Pt/MCA bilayers, with a critical switching current density (Jc) as low as 4 × 107 A/cm2. The large θeff and high SOT efficiency would be attributed to the staggered magnetic exchange torques in the ferrimagnetic MCA Heusler alloys. These findings demonstrate that perpendicularly magnetized ferrimagnetic MCA Heusler alloys are highly promising for high-density SOT-magnetic random-access memory with superior thermal stability and low power consumption.
Interface-modulated kinetic differentials in electron and hole transfer rates as a key design principle for redox photocatalysis by Sb2VO5/QD heterostructures
Authors: Ayala Jaime R. , García-Pedraza Karoline E. , Giem Alice R. , Wijethunga Udani , Hariyani Shruti , Carrillo Luis , Jaye Cherno , Weiland Conan , Fischer Daniel A. , Watson David F. , Banerjee Sarbajit
Published: May 2024

The efficient conversion of solar energy to chemical energy represents a critical bottleneck to the energy transition. Photocatalytic splitting of water to generate solar fuels is a promising solution. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are prime candidates for light-harvesting components of photocatalytic heterostructures, given their size-dependent photophysical properties and band-edge energies. A promising series of heterostructured photocatalysts interface QDs with transition-metal oxides which embed midgap electronic states derived from the stereochemically active electron lone pairs of p-block cations. Here, we examine the thermodynamic driving forces and dynamics of charge separation in Sb2VO5/CdSe QD heterostructures, wherein a high density of Sb 5s2-derived midgap states are prospective acceptors for photogenerated holes. Hard-x-ray valence band photoemission spectroscopy measurements of Sb2VO5/CdSe QD heterostructures were used to deduce thermodynamic driving forces for charge separation. Interfacial charge transfer dynamics in the heterostructures were examined as a function of the mode of interfacial connectivity, contrasting heterostructures with direct interfaces assembled by successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) and interfaces comprising molecular bridges assembled by linker-assisted assembly (LAA). Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements indicate ultrafast (<2 ps) electron and hole transfer in SILAR-derived heterostructures, whereas LAA-derived heterostructures show orders of magnitude differentials in the kinetics of hole (<100 ps) and electron (∼1 ns) transfer. The interface-modulated kinetic differentials in electron and hole transfer rates underpin the more effective charge separation, reduced charge recombination, and greater photocatalytic efficiency observed for the LAA-derived Sb2VO5/CdSe QD heterostructures.
Effects of internal wall design on cross-ventilation of an isolated building
Authors: Zhang X. , Weerasuriya A. U. , Perera U. S. , Wang J. , Li C. Y. , Tse K. T. , Kwok K. C. S.
Published: May 2024

Poorly designed internal walls deter natural ventilation of buildings, causing poor indoor air quality and exorbitant energy costs when mechanical ventilation systems are used. Although one can design internal walls with minimum adverse effects on natural ventilation by controlling height, width, location, and porosity of internal walls, less research has been done to date. This study investigated how these four parameters individually and collectively influence the cross-ventilation of buildings using Reynolds-average Navier–Stokes equation-based computational fluid dynamics simulations and the local and global sensitivity analysis. When considering individual parameters, the local sensitivity analysis revealed the positive correlation between internal walls' porosity and cross-ventilation, similar to previous studies. However, the global sensitivity analysis identified the location as the most influential design parameter for cross-ventilation. Furthermore, the global sensitivity analysis revealed nonlinear, non-monotonic, and interactive relations between cross ventilation and all parameters but porosity, highlighting the importance of evaluating all design parameters together and the difficulty in extrapolating the findings for idealized to actual internal wall designs. Based on the findings, this study proposes narrow internal walls with high porosities built away from ventilation openings as a basic internal wall design to maximize the cross-ventilation of buildings.
A study on Arctic sea ice dynamics using the continuous spin Ising model
Authors: Wang Ellen
Published: May 2024

The Ising model, initially proposed about 100 years ago to explain ferromagnetism and phase transitions, has become a central pillar of statistical physics and a powerful tool for diverse applications in other fields including environmental studies. In this paper, we introduce continuous spin values between −1 and +1 to a two-dimensional Ising model and utilize the generalized Ising lattice to simulate the dynamics of sea ice/water transition for a large area of 1500 km by 1500 km in the Arctic region. The simulation process follows the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and incorporates an innovative factor to account for the inertia of spin value changes. Using the sea ice concentration data collected by the National Snow and Ice Data Center, our results exhibit striking similarity between the simulated and the observed ice melting and freezing dynamics, and two numerical measures from the simulation—the ice coverage percentage and the ice extent—match closely with the data statistics. Moreover, the model's best-fit parameters demonstrate the substantial impact of the external forces, which can be further enriched and linked to the environmental factors in other climate change research.