bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medicines prescribed by non-medical independent prescribers in primary care in Wales: a 10-year longitudinal study April 2011–March 2021
Authors: Deslandes Paul , Blowers Hannah , Haines Kath , Hodson Karen , Deslandes Rhian
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The therapeutic classes of medicines prescribed by non-medical independent prescribers (NMIPs) working in primary care in Wales has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to conduct a 10-year longitudinal analysis of NMIP prescribing in Wales from April 2011 to March 2021. The study examined the British National Formulary (BNF) chapters from which medicines were prescribed by NMIPs, whether this changed over time, and whether there was variation in prescribing across the geographic regions of Wales.

Design

Retrospective secondary data analysis of primary care prescribing data. Monthly prescribing data for the 10 National Health Service financial years (April to March) from April 2011 to March 2021 were obtained from the Comparative Analysis System for Prescribing Audit software. Data were analysed according to BNF chapter, to identify in which therapeutic areas NMIPs were prescribing, and whether this changed over the study period.

Results

The number of items prescribed by NMIPs increased during the study period. From April 2011 to March 2021 prescribing in seven BNF chapters equated to approximately 80% of total items, with cardiovascular system medicines most prescribed. In the financial year 2011–2012 the BNF chapters with the greatest proportion of items prescribed were infection (18%) and respiratory system (13%), while in 2020–2021, these had changed to cardiovascular (23%) and nervous system (19%). The number of items prescribed in each health board in Wales varied, however, the BNF chapters contributing the largest percentages of items to the health board totals were broadly comparable.

Conclusions

The BNF chapter with the most prescribed items changed from infection to cardiovascular during the study period, suggesting an increase in chronic disease management by NMIPs. The impact of this on the delivery of primary care services and patient outcomes is a focus for future work.
Consolidation chemotherapy in postmolar low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Branco-Silva Mariza , Maesta Izildinha , Elias Kevin , Berkowitz Ross Stuart , Abbade Joelcio Francisco , Horowitz Neil S
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Current evidence remains insufficient to strongly demonstrate the benefits of consolidation chemotherapy to all women with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). This protocol outlines a systematic review to investigate whether consolidation chemotherapy is necessary for all patients with postmolar low-risk GTN after human chorionic gonadotropin normalisation with first-line single-agent chemotherapy.

Methods and analysis

A search string will be used to search the PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Scopus, LILACS and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Articles will be screened at the title and abstract level, and then at the full article level by two independent reviewers using inclusion/exclusion criteria. Randomised and non-randomised study designs will be included, while case studies, commentaries, editorials, review articles, animal studies, basic science studies and cross-sectional studies, as well as studies not reporting relapse/recurrence rates and/or whether consolidation chemotherapy was delivered will be excluded. There will be no restrictions on date of publication, geographical location, study setting, or language of publication. The primary outcome is rate of recurrence/relapse. The assessments of randomised controlled trials will be performed using the risk of bias tool from the Cochrane Collaboration. Non-randomised studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations (Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) guidelines.

Ethics and dissemination

No formal ethical approval is required as all data collected will be secondary data and analysed anonymously. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and at scientific events.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020164822.
Cherenkov and scintillation separation in water-based liquid scintillator using an LAPPDTM
Authors: Kaptanoglu T. , Callaghan E. J. , Yeh M. , Orebi Gann G. D.
Published: February 2022

This manuscript describes measurements of water-based liquid scintillators (WbLS), demonstrating separation of the Cherenkov and scintillation components using a low energy $$\beta $$
β
source and the fast timing response of a Large Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD). Additionally, the time profiles of three WbLS mixtures, defined by the relative fractions of scintillating compound, are characterized, with improved sensitivity to the scintillator rise-time. The measurements were made using both an LAPPD and a conventional photomultiplier tube (PMT). All samples were measured with an effective resolution $$O\left( 100~\text {ps}\right) $$

O

100

ps

, which allows for the separation of Cherenkov and scintillation light (henceforth C/S separation) by selecting on the arrival time of the photons alone. The Cherenkov purity of the selected photons is greater than 60% in all cases, with greater than 80% achieved for a sample containing 1% scintillator. This is the first demonstration of the power of synthesizing low light yield scintillators, of which WbLS is the canonical example, with fast photodetectors, of which LAPPDs are an emerging leader, and has direct implication for future mid- and large-scale detectors, such as Theia, ANNIE, and AIT-NEO.
Inference of cosmic-ray source properties by conditional invertible neural networks
Authors: Bister Teresa , Erdmann Martin , Köthe Ullrich , Schulte Josina
Published: February 2022

The inference of physical parameters from measured distributions constitutes a core task in physics data analyses. Among recent deep learning methods, so-calledconditional invertible neural networksprovide an elegant approach owing to their probability-preserving bijective mapping properties. They enable training the parameter-observation correspondence in one mapping direction and evaluating the parameter posterior distributions in the reverse direction. Here, we study the inference of cosmic-ray source properties from cosmic-ray observations on Earth using extensive astrophysical simulations. We compare the performance of conditional invertible neural networks (cINNs) with the frequently used Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. While cINNs are trained to directly predict the parameters’ posterior distributions, the MCMC method extracts the posterior distributions through a likelihood function that matches simulations with observations. Overall, we find good agreement between the physics parameters derived by the two different methods. As a result of its computational efficiency, the cINN method allows for a swift assessment of inference quality.
Fast characterization of compounds and components of explosives
Authors: Rizzo A. , Telloli C. , Ubaldini A. , Ottaviano G. , Salvi S.
Published: February 2022

Finding markers to detect and identify compounds and components related to an explosive is an important task that could reduce threats of unlawful uses of explosives. The capability of Raman spectroscopy to characterize chemical composition of explosive compounds and the analysis of stable isotope ratios could be useful to identify specific markers to identify the origin of the material used. Using Raman spectrometer directly on-site after the accident scene could be a useful tool for an immediate characterization of the components. In addition, carbon and nitrogen analysis on some fragments collected on the accident scene will then confirm the characterization of the components. The proposed configuration of double technique, coupled with a digital database and algorithms, could be useful to run analysis, with fast response time, in work environment related to emergency situations.
Symmetric Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks with π/3 Directional Antennas
Authors: Tran Tien , Huynh Dung T.
Published: February 2022

Directional Wireless Sensor Networks (DWSNs) have been a very active research topic as they have a wide range of applications in both military and civilian areas. In this paper, we study the Antenna Orientation (AO) and Antenna Orientation and Power Assignment (AOPA) problems, two important issues in DWSNs. In the AO problem, given a set [Formula: see text] of sensors equipped with directional antennas with beam-width [Formula: see text], the objective is to determine an orientation of the antennas and a minimum transmission range [Formula: see text] such that the induced symmetric communication graph is connected. We prove that the AO problem is NP-hard. We then extend our proof technique and show that the AOPA problem for DWSNs equipped with [Formula: see text] directional antennas is also NP-hard where we have to determine an orientation of the antennas as well as a power assignment [Formula: see text] to the nodes such that the resulting symmetric communication graph is connected, and (2) [Formula: see text] is minimized ([Formula: see text] is the distance-power gradient, [Formula: see text]). We propose an [Formula: see text] heuristic algorithm and demonstrate by simulation that our method is better than the Ice-cream method.
A note on parabolic bundles over nodal curves
Authors: Arusha C. , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: February 2022

Mehta and Seshadri proved that the set of equivalence classes of irreducible unitary representations of the fundamental group of a punctured compact Riemann surface, can be identified with the set of equivalence classes of stable parabolic bundles of parabolic degree zero on the compact Riemann surface. In this paper, we discuss the Mehta–Seshadri correspondence over an irreducible projective curve with at most nodes as singularities.
Responsive Mixed-initiative System for Reoptimization of Mixed-integer Programming
Authors: Ménard Marc-André , Quimper Claude-Guy , Gaudreault Jonathan
Published: February 2022

Mixed-initiative systems for interactive optimization allow the user to add preferences to find satisfactory solutions. Industries use them as decision-support tools in order to take into consideration unexpected events or characteristics not stated in the optimization model. We present a design of an interactive optimization system that allows users to quickly find a new optimal solution when the user changes the values of decision variables. It anticipates the actions of the user and precomputes the solutions that satisfy the preferences by using both the capacities of the optimization software and a novel custom technique based on the kernel of the constraint matrix. This system is tested on a softwood lumber-drying planning problem and returns promising results for future use in wood industries.
Educating Students about Programming Plagiarism and Collusion via Formative Feedback
Authors: Karnalim Oscar , Simon  , Chivers William , Panca Billy Susanto
Published: February 2022

To help address programming plagiarism and collusion, students should be informed about acceptable practices and about program similarity, both coincidental and non-coincidental. However, current approaches are usually manual, brief, and delivered well before students are in a situation where they might commit academic misconduct. This article presents an assessment submission system with automated, personalized, and timely formative feedback that can be used in institutions that apply some leniency in early instances of plagiarism and collusion. If a student’s submission shares coincidental or non-coincidental similarity with other submissions, then personalized similarity reports are generated for the involved submissions and the students are expected to explain the similarity and resubmit the work. Otherwise, a report simulating similarities is sent just to the author of the submitted program to enhance their knowledge. Results from two quasi-experiments involving two academic semesters suggest that students with our approach are more aware of programming plagiarism and collusion, including the futility of some program disguises. Further, their submitted programs have lower similarity even at the level of program flow, suggesting that they are less likely to have engaged in programming plagiarism and collusion. Student behavior while using the system is also analyzed based on the statistics of the generated reports and student justifications for the reported similarities.
Study of CNTFETs as Memory Devices
Authors: Marani R. , Perri A. G.
Published: February 2022

In this paper we propose a procedure for the study of CNTFETs as memory devices. In particular we analyze the design of a 6-T SRAM, in order to evaluate the writing and reading times, in single and double supplies, the static noise margin, the static power consumption and the power-delay product. For these goals, we use a CNTFET model, already proposed by us. Then we apply the same procedure using the Stanford model in order to compare the obtained results. At last we apply the proposed analysis for the design of a 6-T SRAM in CMOS technology, showing the improvements obtained with CNTFET technology.
New MIMO Antenna with Filtration for the Future Multiuser Systems in Satellite Communications
Authors: Essid Chaker , Abdelhamid Chafai , Almalki Faris. A. , Ali Obaid , Sakli Hedi
Published: February 2022

This paper emphasizes the function of the split ring resonator (SRR) within the design of ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas. We presented an antenna that belongs to the category of UWB antenna with two rejected bands based on square SRR. At first, we presented a UWB antenna. This antenna is designed to operate in the band 2.3–11.5 GHz. Then, with the integration of two SRR cells, we were capable of filtering the bands 3.7–3.9 GHz and 8.7–8.9 GHz without losing the UWB characteristics outside these rejected bands. Next, to ensure the proper performance of the MIMO system, we studied the use of metamaterials in the design of MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antennas for miniaturization and antenna performance.
Construction of Big Data Technology Training Environment for Vocational Education Based on Edge Computing Technology
Authors: Cui Libiao
Published: February 2022

With the rapid growth of the BD (big data) industry, many universities are focusing their professional development and expansion efforts on cultivating talent in related industries as well as building and developing big data disciplines. The BD technical training platform of vocational education based on IPE (Integration of Production and Education) is built in this paper, and the agreement signing, process management, effectiveness evaluation, big data analysis, and statistics of the integration of production and education are realized using edge computing technology, providing a solution for the informatization development of the integration of production and education. The access sequence was discovered among some knowledge points, as well as the sequence of knowledge points frequently viewed by students, and the teaching platform adjusts the content of web pages based on these rules to better provide personalized services for users.
A
β
-Convolution Theorem Associated with the General Quantum Difference Operator
Authors: Shehata Enas M. , El Zafarani Rasha M.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we prove some properties of the

β

-partial derivative. We define the

β

-convolution of two functions associated with the general quantum difference operator,

D

β

f

t

=

f

β

t

−
f

t

/

β

t

−
t

;

β

is a strictly increasing continuous function. Moreover, we study the shift, the associative law, and the

β

-differentiability of the

β

-convolution. Furthermore, we prove the

β

-convolution theorem and give some applications.
Treatment with Commelina communis Extract Exerts Anti-inflammatory Effects in Murine Macrophages via Modulation of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway
Authors: Kim Ji-Hee , Park Bog-Im , You Yong-Ouk
Published: February 2022

The incidence of severe inflammatory diseases caused by chronic inflammation has increased owing to unprecedented changes brought about by industrialization. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of treatment of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced murine macrophages with Commelina communis Linne extract (CCE) on synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines, intranuclear transition of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor- (NF-) κB, and degradation of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα. Notably, CCE treatment did not affect cell viability even at a final concentration of 1.5 mg/mL. At a high concentration of CCE, the LPS-induced high levels of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and IL-6 were decreased via downregulation of inducible NO synthase and proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression. Furthermore, phosphorylation of IκBα was significantly decreased upon CCE treatment, and the intranuclear transition of NF-κB p65 triggered by LPS was inhibited at a high concentration of CCE. Polyphenols and flavonoids, secondary metabolites in CCE that regulate the NF-κB pathway, may be responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity. We suggest that CCE has anti-inflammatory effects related to suppression of the NF-κB pathway and can be used to treat chronic inflammation.
Anesthetic Management of an Obstetric Patient with Behçet’s Disease Complicated by Transverse Myelitis
Authors: Alwatban Sara , AlAamri Etedal , Alraffa Abdullah , Alkhawajah Mona
Published: February 2022

Transverse myelitis is an acute inflammation of the spinal cord. Its annual incidence is 1–8 per million. Behçet disease is also a rare autoimmune disease. Transverse myelitis can be a manifestation of neuro-Behçet’s disease. For those two rare diseases to present in one patient sets a challenge in anesthetic management. Up to our knowledge, our approach to managing these cases has not been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 37-year-old female patient in her 34th week of pregnancy, showing manifestations of neuro-Behçet’s disease and recurrent transverse myelitis. She presented to the preanesthesia clinic on a wheelchair with worsening of baseline right lower limb weakness. The patient elected for neuroaxial anesthesia, and the procedure was conducted without complications. The patient was followed up for 6 months. The neuroaxial approach was successful. Patients with neuro-Behçet’s disease and transverse myelitis can be safely managed with epidural anesthesia.
Certain Structure of Lagrange’s Theorem with the Application of Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Subgroups
Authors: Kattan Doha A. , Amin Maria , Bariq Abdul
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the concept of an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup defined on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. We study some of the fundamental algebraic properties of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy cosets and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy normal subgroup of a given group. This idea is used to describe the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy order and index of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup. We have created numerous algebraic properties of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy order of an element. We also prove the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzification of Lagrange’s theorem.
Design and Dynamic Performance Research of Underwater Inspection Robots
Authors: Chen Guojun , Chen Wei , Wang Zhiming , Guo Tiezheng , Xia Ximing , Xu Lijun
Published: February 2022

With the construction of a large number of power plants along the river and the coast, more and more power plants have adopted open water intake in the circulating water pool of the power plant and the number of underwater operations is increasing. In the detection of complex underwater environments, underwater robots have been widely used as a kind of underwater intelligent equipment. However, the current underwater robots generally have problems such as weak endurance, low intelligence, poor detection ability, and large environmental disturbance. The underwater robot designed in this paper is able to accomplish various rotational and flat movement works in the water and also can realize the monitoring of the water environment. In this paper, the underwater dynamic performance of the underwater robot is studied, the coordinate system and motion equation are established, the hydrodynamic analysis is carried out, and the dynamic characteristics of the underwater robot are tested. The experimental results show that the underwater robot has achieved good results in underwater motion control and its dynamic performance, showing the advantages of good robustness and accuracy, high control accuracy, and good dynamic characteristics.
Exploring Dose-Dependent Cytotoxicity Profile of Gracilaria edulis-Mediated Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against MDA-MB-231 Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Mohanta Yugal Kishore , Mishra Awdhesh Kumar , Nayak Debasis , Patra Biswajit , Bratovcic Amra , Avula Satya Kumar , Mohanta Tapan Kumar , Murugan Kadarkarai , Saravanan Muthupandian
Published: February 2022

Green-based synthesis of metal nanoparticles using marine seaweeds is a rapidly growing technology that is finding a variety of new applications. In the present study, the aqueous extract of a marine seaweed, Gracilaria edulis, was employed for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles without using any reducing and stabilizing chemical agents. The visual color change and validation through UV-Vis spectroscopy provided an initial confirmation regarding the Gracilaria edulis-mediated green synthesized silver nanoparticles. The dynamic light scattering studies and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy pictographs exhibited that the synthesized Gracilaria edulis-derived silver nanoparticles were roughly spherical in shape having an average size of

62.72
±
0.25

 nm and surface zeta potential of -

15.6
±
6.73

 mV. The structural motifs and chemically functional groups associated with the Gracilaria edulis-derived silver nanoparticles were observed through X-ray diffraction and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Further, the synthesized nanoparticles were further screened for their antioxidant properties through DPPH, hydroxyl radical, ABTS, and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. The phycosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells having IC50 value of

344.27
±
2.56

 μg/mL. Additionally, the nanoparticles also exhibited zone of inhibition against pathogenic strains of Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 7425), Salmonella typhimurium (MTCC 3216), Vibrio cholerae (MTCC 3904), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1098), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC 3615), and Shigella dysenteriae (MTCC9543). Hence, this investigation explores the reducing and stabilizing capabilities of marine sea weed Gracilaria edulis for synthesizing silver nanoparticles in a cost-effective approach with potential anticancer and antimicrobial activity. The nanoparticles synthesized through green method may be explored for their potential utility in food preservative film industry, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Risk Spatial Distribution and Fluctuation Mechanism of Ship Traffic System Based on Catastrophe Control and Intelligent Sensor
Authors: Qi Ji , Yuan Yuying , Li Wei , Zhang Fangjing , Li Yali
Published: February 2022

Navigation control system is an important navigation building of inland-river in China. Because of its special semiclosed structure, when the efficiency of the mutation control system is low, the ship system cannot identify the ship, which may endanger the life safety of the crew and cause water traffic accidents. Based on catastrophe control and intelligent sensor, this paper studies the spatial distribution and fluctuation mechanism of risk in the ship traffic system, constructs a catastrophe control model, and combines with intelligent sensors to identify the spatial distribution and fluctuation of risk in ship traffic. In this paper, a typical navigation control system of inland-river is selected as the research object, and the three-dimensional calculation model of the ship traffic system is established. The numerical simulation of catastrophe control and intelligent sensor in ship traffic systems under different ventilation conditions and the navigation water level is carried out by using computational fluid dynamics method, and the spatial distribution and fluctuation mechanism of ship traffic systems are analyzed. The results show that the maximum variation of sensitivity decreases monotonously with the decrease of the plate angle. When the other design parameters of the sensor remain unchanged, the maximum variation of sensitivity reaches the minimum when the plate angle is 10° which indicates that a small plate angle is helpful to reduce the eccentricity error. When the pitch increases from 56.32 mm to 98 mm, the maximum change of sensitivity decreases fastest, and the decrease trend of the maximum change of sensitivity slows down. In the range of 380 mm pitch, the maximum change of sensitivity decreases monotonously with the increase of pitch, which indicates that increasing the properly pitch is helpful to reduce the eccentricity error.
Significance of a PTEN Mutational Status-Associated Gene Signature in the Progression and Prognosis of Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Ying , Wang Jun , Ge Lina , Hu Qing
Published: February 2022

Background. PTEN mutations have been reported to be involved in the development and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC). However, a prognostic gene signature associated with PTEN mutational status has not yet been developed. In this study, we generated a PTEN mutation-associated prognostic gene signature for EC. Methods. We obtained the single-nucleotide variation and transcriptomic profiling data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database as training data and implemented the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm to establish a PTEN mutation-associated prognostic gene signature. The overall survival rates of the high-risk and low-risk groups were determined with the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method, and the accuracy of risk score prediction was tested by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results. The K-M curves revealed that the EC patients with PTEN mutations augured favorable survival outcomes. Differential expression analysis between the EC patients with PTEN mutation and wild-type PTEN identified 224 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Eighty-four DEGs that manifested prognostic value were fitted into the LASSO-Cox analysis, and a PTEN gene signature with seven mutation-associated prognostic genes that showed robust prognostic ability was constructed; this signature was then successfully validated in the other two datasets from the cBioPortal database as well as with 60 clinical specimens. Furthermore, the PTEN mutation-associated prognostic gene signature proved to be an independent prognostic predictor of EC. Remarkably, the EC patients in the high-risk group were characterized by higher tumor stages and grades as well as lower tumor mutation burden with respect to EC, with a poor survival outcome. Collectively, the PTEN mutation-associated prognostic gene signature that we developed could now be used as a favorable prognostic biomarker for EC. Conclusion. In summary, we developed and validated a prognostic predictor for EC associated with PTEN mutational status that may be used as a favorable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for EC.
A Predictive Model for Nonsentinel Node Status after Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Sentinel Lymph Node-Positive Chinese Women with Early Breast Cancer
Authors: He Lifang , Liang Peide , Zeng Huancheng , Huang Guangsheng , Wu Jundong , Zhang Yiwen , Cui Yukun , Huang Wenhe
Published: February 2022

Background. Axial lymph node dissection (ALND) is needed in patients with positive sentinel lymph node (SLN). ALND is easy to cause upper limb edema. Therefore, accurate prediction of nonsentinel lymph nodes (non-SLN) which may not need ALND can avoid excessive dissection and reduce complications. We constructed a new prognostic model to predict the non-SLN metastasis of Chinese breast cancer patients. Methods. We enrolled 736 patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB); 228 (30.98%) were diagnosed with SLNB metastasis which was determined by intraoperative pathological detection and further accepted ALND. We constructed a prediction model by univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, “R” language, and binary logistic regression in the abovementioned 228 patients and verified this prediction model in 60 patients. Results. Based on univariate analysis using α = 0.05 as the significance level for type I error, we found that age (P=0.045), tumor size (P=0.006), multifocality (P=0.011), lymphovascular invasion (P=0.003), positive SLN number (P=0.009), and negative SLN number (P=0.034) were statistically significant. Age was excluded in multivariate analysis, and we constructed a predictive equation to assess the risk of non-SLN metastasis:LogitP=LnP/1−P=0.267∗a+1.443∗b+1.078∗c+0.471∗d−0.618∗e−2.541(where “a” represents tumor size, “b” represents multifocality, “c” represents lymphovascular invasion, “d” represents the number of metastasis of SLN, and “e” represents the number of SLNs without metastasis). AUCs for the training group and validation group were 0.715 and 0.744, respectively. When setting the risk value below 22.3%, as per the prediction equation’s low-risk interval, our model predicted that about 4% of patients could avoid ALND. Conclusions. This study established a model which demonstrated good prognostic performance in assessing the risk of non-SLN metastasis in Chinese patients with positive SLNs.
Effects of Momordica cochinchinensis Aril Extract on Sterilized Low-Fat Milk, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities
Authors: Anunthawan Thitiporn , Phosri Santi , Woraratphoka Jirayus , Somwatcharajit Rasapirose , Terdsaksri Panee , Prangphet Prangruethai
Published: February 2022

The aril extract (0.4% g/mL) of Gac fruit in milk supplement can inhibit cancer cell lines. Moreover, the extract has no toxicity against normal cells. In a sensory test, sterilized low-fat milk supplemented with 0.4% extract did not have different sensory score compared to the control. During the sterilization process, extract was not significantly different from the control. In sterilization (121°C, 15 min), adding Gac fruit extract in low-fat milk results in antioxidant activity increase. The extract increased values for the redness and yellowness of sterilized low fat, but the lightness decreased. Also, the extract slightly decreased the alcohol stability of sterilized low-fat milk. At an accelerated rate (50°C, 28 days), there was no effect of the extract addition on protein aggregation in low-fat milk. Moreover, the TBA values indicate the ability of the extract to inhibit lipid oxidation. Finally, Gac fruit extract added to milk may possibly extend the shelf life of sterilized low-fat milk and improve its antioxidant and anticancer activity properties.
Expectations about upcoming discourse referents
Authors: Gotzner Nicole , Spalek Katharina
Published: February 2022

In the current study, we explore how different information-structural devices affect which referents conversational partners expect in the upcoming discourse. Our main research question is how pitch accents (H*, L+H*) and focus particles (German nur ‘only’ and auch ‘also’) affect speakers’ choices to mention focused referents, previously mentioned alternatives or new, inferable alternatives. Participants in our experiment were presented with short discourses involving two referents and were asked to orally produce two sentences that continue the story. An analysis of speakers’ continuations showed that participants were most likely to mention a contextual alternative in the condition with only and the L+H* conditions, followed by H* conditions. In the condition with also, in turn, participants mentioned both the focused/accented referent and the contextual alternative. Our findings highlight the importance of information structure for discourse management and suggest that speakers take activated alternatives to be relevant for an unfolding discourse.
The speech act of advising in teacher-teacher interaction
Authors: Salam El-Dakhs Dina Abdel
Published: February 2022

The current study aimed to examine how university teachers advise their fellow teachers with a focus on solicited advice. To this end, 60 university teachers who use English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) as the medium of their everyday communication completed 8 role-plays in which newly hired teachers sought the advice of their colleagues regarding work issues. The role-plays were recorded and transcribed in preparation for coding, which was conducted with the use of Martínez-Flor’s (2003) taxonomy of advising and Trosborg’s (1995) taxonomy of internal modifiers. External modifiers were also examined as they emerged in the data. The results showed that the participants mainly preferred the use of direct advising strategies while simultaneously attempting to cater for the interlocutors’ negative face. While the advising strategies were situation dependent, the effect of the social variables of the advisor’s gender/teaching experience and the advisee’s academic rank was minimal. The results are interpreted in light of the theoretical model of politeness and the literature on the speech act of advising and the use of ELF.
Nomenclature and taxonomy of the partial infrageneric classification systems proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Boiteau and Boiteau & Mannoni in the mid-20th century
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F. , SHTEIN RONEN
Published: February 2022

The partial infrageneric classification systems proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Boiteau and Boiteau & Mannoni during the mid-20th century are analysed. The pertinent work of Boiteau published in 1947, as subsequently elaborated on by Boiteau & Mannoni in the late-1940s, is assessed to clarify the use of infrageneric ranks by these authors. From this analysis it is evident that, with the exception of two new combinations published by Boiteau in 1947 at the rank of section and two at the rank of subsection, and one unranked infrageneric name published by Boiteau & Mannoni in 1949, none of the other infrageneric designations that they proposed was validly published.
A new species of the genus Tyrictaca Walker, 1862 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from West Malaysia with a catalogue of the genus
Authors: GORBUNOV OLEG G.
Published: February 2022

A new species, Tyrictaca pulchra O. Gorbunov sp. nov., is described and illustrated from West Malaysia. The female and the larval host plant are still unknown. Ceratocorema woodstocki Liang & Hsu, 2017 is transferred from the genus Tyrictaca Walker, 1862 to the genus Entrichella Bryk, 1947. An annotated catalogue of the genus Tyrictaca is provided.
Two new species and additional records of Amphichroum Kraatz, 1857 from Nepal, China and India (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini)
Authors: SHAVRIN ALEXEY V.
Published: February 2022

Two new species of the genus Amphichroum Kraatz, 1857 are described and illustrated: A. brachypterum sp. n. (central Nepal) and A. cuccodoroi sp. n. (China: Yunnan). Faunistic records of A. altivagans Cameron, 1941 from India (Kashmir) and A. pindarense Champion, 1920 from Nepal are provided.
The rose chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) of Guinea-Bissau: an annotated checklist and new records
Authors: SERRANO ARTUR R. M.
Published: February 2022

An annotated checklist of the species and subspecies of rose chafers (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) hitherto known from Guinea-Bissau is given. This list includes historical and published species records, but also novel information from several entomological expeditions/missions to that country carried by the author (1983, 1992, 1995, 2006 and 2009). A total of 49 species and 3 subspecies are recorded for Guinea-Bissau. Endemic taxa are unknown for the country and some native species were recorded based on a single specimen only (some without precise locality data). Five genera and thirteen species are reported for the first time from Guinea-Bissau in this study. A historical review, as well as some considerations on the distribution and conservation status of these beetles in Guinea-Bissau is also presented.
A contribution to the knowledge of leaf-mining Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae), with description of two new species from Peru (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Authors: CERDEÑA JOSÉ , FARFÁN JACKIE , VARGAS HÉCTOR A. , HUANCA-MAMANI WILSON , GONÇALVES GISLENE L. , MOREIRA GILSON R. P.
Published: February 2022

We provide new information on Neotropical Phyllocnistis Zeller (Gracillariidae) associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) in the Andes region. Two new species are described, P. canta Cerdeña & Farfán, n. sp. and P. elongata Cerdeña & Farfán, n. sp., from the western slopes of the Andes of Peru between 2,000 and 3,000 m elevation, both associated with Baccharis latifolia (R.&P.) Pers. The type locality of P. baccharidis Hering is confirmed; immature stages were found at 1,300 m feeding on Baccharis tucumanensis Hook. & Arn. in Quebrada las Higueras (Tucumán, Argentina). Four new locality records for P. furcata Vargas & Cerdeña are provided, extending its distribution by 450 km to the north of the type locality.
Climate Risks of the Transition to a Renewable Energy Society: The Need for Extending the Research Agenda
Authors: Aall Carlo , Wanvik Tarje , Dale Brigt
Published: February 2022

To reach the 1.5°–2° goal of the Paris Agreement, the speed of transition to a renewable energy society must increase significantly. Applying Perrow’s theory of societal risk, we argue that switching from a fossil-based energy system to a future 100% renewable energy system may increase climate risks. Reviewing policy and research literature, and interviewing key energy policy actors in Norway, we find that there is limited knowledge on this topic and that the knowledge that does exist suffers from several shortcomings. Climate risks are generally discussed by applying future climate to the current energy system and thus failing to consider climate vulnerabilities caused by the ongoing energy transition. Also, discussions are frequently limited to subsystem reflections as opposed to system reflections and mostly present supply-side perspectives as opposed to demand-side perspectives. Most of the policy actors conclude that a future 100% renewable energy system will mainly benefit from climate change and reduce rather than increase climate risks. A research agenda is proposed to gain a better understanding of how the ongoing energy transitions can affect climate risks, especially to address the potential that reducing the level of energy consumption, diversifying energy sources, and prioritizing short-traveled energy can have to reduce climate risk in high-consuming countries.

Significance Statement

Switching from a fossil-based to a mostly “climate driven” renewable energy system may increase climate risks, and rapid transitions may increase risks even more. Still, knowledge of such risks is limited and suffers from several shortcomings. Studies are generally applying future climate to current energy system conditions and thus failing to consider vulnerabilities caused by the ongoing transformation of the energy system. Studies so far are also often limited to analyzing only parts of the system and not the energy system as a whole, and they are aiming at the production side rather than the consumption side. Thus, they tend to conclude that the energy system will mainly benefit from climate change. To reduce climate risks, we claim the need to focus on energy consumption and short-traveled energy.
Equivalent Operative Outcomes for Emergency Colon Cancer Resections Among Acute Care Surgeons and Specialists in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Cairns Ashley L. , Hess Alexis B. , Rieken Holly , Lin Nicholas , Rao Shambavi , Jee Yoonsun , Ashburn Jean H. , Miller Preston R. , Carmichael Samuel P. , Mowery Nathan T.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Improved screening has decreased but not eliminated the need for emergent surgery for colon cancer (CC), many of which are performed by acute care surgery (ACS) surgeons. This retrospective review compares outcomes for CC resections on the ACS service to the surgical oncology and colorectal services (SO/CRS).

Methods

Retrospective review was performed for CC operations between 2014 and 2019. Data for margin status, cancer stage, number of lymph nodes dissected, time to medical oncology follow-up, and time to initiation of chemotherapy were collected. Patients with curative resection, who chose comfort care, presented on alternative services or with non-CC indications as well as those were lost to follow-up were excluded.

Results

36 ACS patients and 269 SO/CRS patients underwent CC resections. Most ACS patients presented emergently compared to the SO/CC group (83.3% vs 1%, P < .05) as well as with more advanced tumor stage. There were no statistically significant differences for presence of metastatic disease, number of lymph nodes obtained, or time to post-surgical care (in days) and chemotherapy initiation (in days). 3 (8%) EGS patients had positive margins compared to 6 (2%) CRS/SO patients due to the presence of perforated tumors in the ACS group ( p < .05). There were no statistically significant differences in 30- day or 1-year mortality despite the emergent presentation of the ACS patients.

Discussion

These findings suggest that despite emergent presentation and advanced disease burden, ACS surgeons provide quality care to CC patients, both in the operating room and in coordination of care.
Feeling Down in Lockdown: Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Emotionally Vulnerable Individuals
Authors: Panteli Maria , Papantoniou Antonis , Vaiouli Potheini , Leonidou Chrysanthi , Panayiotou Georgia
Published: February 2022

We examined whether young adults with internalizing psychopathology during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period exhibited different patterns of emotional responses than those without such psychopathology during the implementation of the “lockdown” in Cyprus, Greece. Two-wave longitudinal research was conducted i one hundred six college students completing measures of affective experiences, mental health, and quality of life during the prepandemic and lockdown periods. Increased negative affect and internalizing symptoms during the prepandemic period and decreased positive affect and increased perceived stress during the lockdown period both significantly predicted increased internalizing symptoms during the lockdown period. We discuss findings within the context of actions and interventions for young adults with existing internalizing symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Il racconto innominato. Analisi del paratesto di Centuria. Cento piccoli romanzi fiume di Giorgio Manganelli
Authors: Remorini Paolo
Published: February 2022

Il presente saggio analizza gli elementi del peritesto editoriale, autoriale e allografo che compongono l’edizione di Centuria. Cento piccoli romanzi fiume di Giorgio Manganelli che dal 1995 pubblica Adelphi, evidenziando come le chiavi di lettura e di interpretazione del testo manganelliano proposte e veicolate cerchino di suggerire un’idea di sperimentazione, di caso unico e singolare all’interno tuttavia di una tradizione letteraria altresì familiare e codificata.
Conflicting Institutional Mandates, Biofuels, Jatropha in India
Authors: Shukla Rahul , Mallick Sambit
Published: February 2022

This paper examines the emergence of biofuels and its changing institutional mandates having implications for India’s renewable energy policy. Biofuels have commanded much attention in research and policy circles as a renewable energy source providing energy security, creating sustainable livelihoods, mitigating climate change and fostering international trade. Diverting land for biofuels might compromise food security and health for the poor and vulnerable. The NMB was inaugurated in India in 2003 to produce biodiesel from jatropha, a biofuel crop, on unutilized wastelands, and promoted jatropha as a workable solution to this food-versus-fuel quandary owing to the plant’s supposed ability to grow and produce oil-rich seeds on poor quality soils deemed unsuitable for food production. Jatropha’s ability to thrive on barren lands might have been overstated, thus examining whether industrial and agricultural research institutions follow the global demand-pattern of biofuels and raising the concerns over their necessity, funding resources vis-à-vis differing mandates.
Inefficient Cooperation Under Stochastic and Strategic Uncertainty
Authors: Bruttel Lisa , Güth Werner , Nithammer Juri , Orland Andreas
Published: February 2022

Stochastic uncertainty can cause coordination problems that may hinder mutually beneficial cooperation. We propose a mechanism of ex-post voluntary transfers designed to circumvent these coordination problems and ask whether it can increase efficiency. To test this transfer mechanism, we implement a controlled laboratory experiment based on a repeated Ultimatum Game with a stochastic endowment. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that allowing voluntary transfers does not lead to an efficiency increase. We suggest and analyze two major reasons for this failure: first, stochastic uncertainty forces proposers intending to cooperate to accept high strategic uncertainty, which many proposers avoid; second, many responders behave only incompletely conditionally cooperatively, which hinders cooperation in future periods.

JEL-Classification: C78, C92, D74
Feminist Ethics and Research with Women in Prison
Authors: Quinlan Christina , Baldwin Lucy , Booth Natalie
Published: February 2022

In this article, a new model, An Ethic of Empathy, is proposed as a guide for researchers, particularly new scholars to the discipline. This model emerged from the authors’ concerns regarding the application of ethics to studies that focus on the experience of female offenders in criminal justice systems. The key issue is the vulnerability of incarcerated and post-release women in relationship to the powerful status of social scientist researchers. The complexity of ethics in such research settings necessitates a particular ethical preparation, involving formation, reflection, understanding, commitment, care, and empathy. Three cases are outlined which document the authors’ ethical formations as researchers.
Lying and Time: Moving beyond the Moral Question of Lying
Authors: Hodgson James , Balmer Andrew
Published: February 2022

Lying is typically considered as a morally salient phenomenon in existing research. In this article we seek to expand the understanding of lying and deception as socially situated phenomena. We draw on qualitative interview data from a larger project on everyday experiences of living with dementia and examine how carers of people living with dementia describe, explain and justify care practices that involve the use of untruth in some way. We find that carers frequently refer to a problem with their temporal landscapes. Weaving this into moral accounts of lying, we argue for recognising the importance of our orientation in time (to the past, the present and the future) for how lying and deception are made sense of in everyday life.