bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Practice Implementation in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators
Authors: Juckett Lisa A. , Wengerd Lauren R. , Faieta Julie , Griffin Christine E.
Published: January 2020

Importance: Despite advancements in stroke rehabilitation research, occupational therapy practitioners still face challenges with implementing research into routine practice. Although the development of evidence-based practices (EBPs) is one critical step along the knowledge translation continuum for the population of people with stroke, research is also needed to identify the most effective strategies for implementing EBPs with stroke survivors who are receiving occupational therapy services.

Objective: To synthesize research related to occupational therapy practitioners’ implementation of EBPs in adult stroke rehabilitation.

Data Sources: We searched four electronic databases—CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Academic Search Complete—and the peer-reviewed journal Implementation Science to identify relevant research studies.

Study Selection and Data Collection: Studies that met the following inclusion criteria were included in the scoping review: published between January 2003 and January 2018, addressed the adult stroke population, and examined the implementation of occupational therapy interventions. Data were abstracted on the basis of recommendations from the seminal review framework established by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Thematic analysis identified themes that emerged from the included studies.

Findings: Twenty-five articles satisfied our inclusion parameters. Our analyses yielded three overarching themes: barriers to implementation, facilitators of implementation, and implementation strategies. Implementation strategies often consisted of multimodal knowledge translation training programs.

Conclusion and Relevance: Although the stroke rehabilitation literature appears to have established the barriers to and facilitators of EBP implementation, greater attention to the identification of effective implementation strategies that promote the uptake of EBPs by occupational therapy practitioners is needed.

What This Article Adds: This article summarizes the contextual factors and effective strategies that may influence practitioners’ implementation of stroke research findings in real-world practice.
Cortical Plasticity in Rehabilitation for Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zink Patrick J. , Philip Benjamin A.
Published: January 2020

Importance: Poor outcomes after upper extremity peripheral nerve injury (PNI) may arise, in part, from the challenges and complexities of cortical plasticity. Occupational therapy practitioners need to understand how the brain changes after peripheral injury and how principles of cortical plasticity can be applied to improve rehabilitation for clients with PNI.

Objective: To identify the mechanisms of cortical plasticity after PNI and describe how cortical plasticity can contribute to rehabilitation.

Data Sources: PubMed and Embase (1900–2017) were searched for articles that addressed either (1) the relationship between PNI and cortical plasticity or (2) rehabilitative interventions based on cortical plastic changes after PNI.

Study Selection and Data Collection: PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Articles were selected if they addressed all of the following concepts: human PNI, cortical plasticity, and rehabilitation. Phantom limb pain and sensation were excluded.

Findings: Sixty-three articles met the study criteria. The most common evidence level was Level V (46%). We identified four commonly studied mechanisms of cortical plasticity after PNI and the functional implications for each. We found seven rehabilitative interventions based on cortical plasticity: traditional sensory reeducation, activity-based sensory reeducation, selective deafferentation, cross-modal sensory substitution, mirror therapy, mental motor imagery, and action observation with simultaneous peripheral nerve stimulation.

Conclusion and Relevance: The seven interventions ranged from theoretically well justified (traditional and activity-based sensory reeducation) to unjustified (selective deafferentation). Overall, articles were heterogeneous and of low quality, and future research should prioritize randomized controlled trials for specific neuropathies, interventions, or cortical plasticity mechanisms.

What This Article Adds: This article reviews current knowledge about how the brain changes after PNI and how occupational therapy practitioners can take advantage of those changes for rehabilitation.
Participatory Institutions as a Focal Point for Mobilizing: Prior Consultation and Indigenous Conflict in Colombia’s Extractive Industries
Authors: Jaskoski Maiah
Published: January 2020

This article systematically analyzes how the participatory institution “prior consultation” indirectly gave Colombian indigenous communities a voice in five major hydrocarbon and mining conflicts by creating opportunities to organize around the institution. Mobilized indigenous groups did not express their concerns about extraction within the prescribed prior consultation meetings. Instead, they refused to be consulted, they challenged the lack of, or their exclusion from, prior consultation, and they preemptively achieved environmental protections. Variation in tactics is explained by (1) the stage of the planned extraction, (2) whether the state initially determined that a community was affected by the extraction, and (3) the degree of unity among affected communities. The article further highlights the role of Colombia’s Constitutional Court in interpreting and weighing the rights that underlie prior consultation procedures.
Planetary boundary layer evolution over the Amazon rainforest in episodes of deep moist convection at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory
Authors: Oliveira Maurício I. , Acevedo Otávio C. , Sörgel Matthias , Nascimento Ernani L. , Manzi Antonio O. , Oliveira Pablo E. S. , Brondani Daiane V. , Tsokankunku Anywhere , Andreae Meinrat O.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In this study, high-frequency, multilevel measurements, performed from late October to mid-November of 2015 at a 80 m tall tower of the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) project in the central state of Amazonas, Brazil, were used to diagnose the evolution of thermodynamic and kinematic variables as well as scalar fluxes during the passage of outflows generated by deep moist convection (DMC). Outflow associated with DMC activity over or near the tall tower was identified through the analysis of storm echoes in base reflectivity data from an S-band weather radar at Manaus, combined with the detection of gust fronts and cold pools utilizing tower data. Four outflow events were selected, three of which took place during the early evening transition or nighttime hours and one during the early afternoon. Results show that the magnitude of the drop in virtual potential temperature and changes in wind velocity during outflow passages vary according to the type, organization, and life cycle of the convective storm. The nocturnal events had well-defined gust fronts with moderate decreases in virtual potential temperature and increases in wind speed. The early afternoon event lacked a sharp gust front and only a gradual drop in virtual potential temperature was observed, probably because of weak or undeveloped outflow. Sensible heat flux (H) increased at the time of the gust front arrival, which was possibly due to the sinking of colder air. This was followed by a prolonged period of negative H, associated with enhanced nocturnal negative H in the wake of the storms. In turn, increased latent heat flux (LE) was observed following the gust front, owing to drier air coming from the outflow; however, malfunctioning of the moisture sensors during rain precluded a better assessment of this variable. Substantial enhancements of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) were observed during and after the gust front passage, with values comparable to those measured in grass fire experiments, evidencing the highly turbulent character of convective outflows. The early afternoon event displayed slight decreases in the aforementioned quantities in the passage of the outflow. Finally, a conceptual model of the time evolution of H in nocturnal convective outflows observed at the tower site is presented.
Long-term Brown Carbon and Smoke Tracer Observations in
Bogotá, Colombia: Association to Medium-Range Transport of
Biomass Burning Plumes
Authors: Rincón-Riveros Juan Manuel , Rincón-Caro Maria Alejandra , Sullivan Amy P. , Mendez-Espinosa Juan Felipe , Belalcazar Luis Carlos , Quirama-Aguilar Miguel , Morales Betancourt Ricardo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Light-absorbing aerosols emitted during open biomass burning (BB) events such as wildfires and agricultural burns have a strong impact on the Earth’s radiation budget through both direct and indirect effects. Additionally, BB aerosols and gas-phase emissions can substantially reduce air quality at local, regional, and global scales, negatively affecting human health. South America is one of largest contributors to BB emissions globally. After Amazonia, the BB emissions from the wildfires and agricultural burns in the grassland plains of Northern South America (NSA) are the most significant in the region. However, few studies have analyzed the potential impact of NSA BB emissions on regional air quality. Recent evidence suggests that seasonal variations in air quality in several major cities in NSA could be associated with open biomass burning emissions, but it is still uncertain to what those sources impact air quality in the region. In this work, we report on 3 years of continuous equivalent Black Carbon (eBC) and Brown Carbon (BrC) observations at a hill-top site located upwind of the city of Bogotá and we demonstrate its association with MODIS detected fires in a 3000 km × 2000 km domain. Off-line PM2.5 filter samples collected during three field campaigns were analyzed to quantify water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC), and biomass burning tracers such as levoglucosan, galactosan, and potassium. MODIS Active Fire Data and HYSPLIT back-trajectories were used to identify potential biomass burning plumes transported to the city. We analyzed the relationship between BrC, WSOC, water-soluble potassium, and levoglucosan to identify signals of regional transport of BB aerosols. Our results confirm that regional biomass burning transport from wildfires occurs annually during the months of January and April. The seasonality of eBC followed closely that of PM2.5 at the city air quality stations, however, the observed seasonality of BrC is distinctly different to that of eBC and strongly associated to regional fire counts. The strong correlation between BrC and regional fire counts was observed both at daily, weekly, and monthly time-scales. WSOC at the measurement site was observed to increase linearly with levoglucosan during high BB periods, and to remain constant at ∼ 2.5 µgC m−3 during the low BB activity seasons. Our findings show, for the first time in this region, that aged BB plumes can regularly reach densely populated areas in the Central Andes of Northern South America. A source footprint analysis involving BrC observations, back-trajectories, and remotely sensed fire activity shows that the eastern savannas in NSA are the main BB source region for the domain analyzed.
Comparison of the cloud top heights retrieved from MODIS and AHI satellite data with ground-based Ka-band radar
Authors: Huo Juan , Lu Daren , Duan Shu , Bi Yongheng , Liu Bo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. To better understand the accuracy of cloud top heights
(CTHs) derived from passive satellite data, ground-based Ka-band radar
measurements from 2016 and 2017 in Beijing are compared with CTH data
inferred from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and
the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI). Relative to the radar CTHs, the MODIS
CTHs are found to be underestimated by−1.10 ± 2.53 km on average and 49 % of CTH differences are within 1.0 km. The AHI CTHs are
underestimated by −1.10 ± 2.27 km and 42 % are within 1.0 km. Both
the MODIS and AHI CTH retrieval accuracy depends strongly on the cloud depth
(CD). Large differences are mainly due to the retrieval of thin clouds of CD
<1 km, especially when the cloud base height is higher than 4 km.
For clouds with CD >1 km, the mean CTH difference decreases to
-0.48±1.70 km for MODIS and to -0.76±1.63 km for AHI. It
is found that MODIS CTHs with higher values (i.e. >6 km) show
smaller discrepancy with radar CTH than those MODIS CTHs with lower values
(i.e. <4 km). Statistical analysis illustrate that the CTH
difference between the two satellite instruments is lower than the
difference between the satellite instrument and the ground-based Ka-band
radar. The monthly accuracy of both CTH retrieval algorithms is investigated
and it is found that summer has the smallest retrieval difference.
Intercomparison of wind observations from ESA’s satellite mission Aeolus and the ALADIN Airborne Demonstrator
Authors: Lux Oliver , Lemmerz Christian , Weiler Fabian , Marksteiner Uwe , Witschas Benjamin , Rahm Stephan , Geiss Alexander , Reitebuch Oliver
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Shortly after the successful launch of ESA’s wind mission Aeolus, carried out by the European Space Agency, collocated airborne wind lidar observations were performed in Central Europe, employing the prototype of the satellite instrument, the ALADIN Airborne Demonstrator (A2D). Like the direct-detection Doppler wind lidar on-board Aeolus, the A2D is composed of a frequency-stabilised ultra-violet laser, a Cassegrain telescope and a dual-channel receiver to measure line-of-sight (LOS) wind speeds by analysing both Mie and Rayleigh backscatter signals. In the frame of the first airborne validation campaign after the launch still during the commissioning phase of the mission, four coordinated flights along the satellite swath were conducted in late autumn of 2018, yielding wind data in the troposphere with high coverage of the Rayleigh channel. Owing to the different measurement grids and viewing directions of the satellite and airborne instrument, intercomparison with the Aeolus wind product requires adequate averaging as well as conversion of the measured A2D LOS wind speeds to the satellite LOS. The statistical comparison of the two instruments with model wind data from the ECMWF shows biases of the A2D and Aeolus LOS wind speeds of −0.9 m s−1 and +1.6 m s−1, respectively, while the random errors are around 2.5 m s−1. The paper also discusses the influence of different threshold parameters implemented in the comparison algorithm as well as optimization of the A2D vertical sampling to be used in forthcoming validation campaigns.
Surveying pulsating auroras
Authors: Grono Eric , Donovan Eric
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The early-morning auroral oval is dominated by pulsating auroras. These auroras have often been discussed as if they are one phenomenon, but they are not. Pulsating auroras are separable based on the extent of their pulsation and structuring into at least three subcategories. This study surveyed 10 years of all-sky camera data to determine the occurrence probability for each type of pulsating aurora in magnetic local time and magnetic latitude. Amorphous pulsating aurora (APAs) are a pervasive, nearly daily feature in the early-morning auroral oval which have an 86 % chance of occurrence at their peak. Patchy pulsating auroras (PPAs) and patchy auroras (PAs) are less common, peaking at 21 % and 29 %, respectively. Before local midnight, pulsating auroras are almost exclusively APAs. Occurrence distributions of APAs, PPAs, and PAs are mapped into the equatorial plane to approximately locate their source regions. The PA and PPA distributions primarily map to locations approximately between 4 and 9 RE, while some APAs map to farther distances, suggesting that the mechanism which structures PPAs and PAs is constrained to the inner magnetosphere. This is in agreement with Grono and Donovan (2019), which located these auroras relative to the proton aurora.
Benthic alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes in the Rhône River prodelta generated by decoupled aerobic and anaerobic processes
Authors: Rassmann Jens , Eitel Eryn M. , Lansard Bruno , Cathalot Cécile , Brandily Christophe , Taillefert Martial , Rabouille Christophe
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Estuarine regions are generally considered a major source of atmospheric
CO2, as a result of the high organic carbon (OC) mineralization rates in
their water column and sediments. Despite this, the intensity of anaerobic
respiration processes in the sediments tempered by the reoxidation of
reduced metabolites near the sediment–water interface controls the flux of
benthic alkalinity. This alkalinity may partially buffer metabolic CO2
generated by benthic OC respiration in sediments. Thus, sediments with high
anaerobic respiration rates could contribute less to local acidification
than previously thought. In this study, a benthic chamber was deployed in
the Rhône River prodelta and the adjacent continental shelf (Gulf of
Lion, northwestern Mediterranean) in late summer to assess the fluxes of total
alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the sediment.
Concurrently, in situ O2 and pH micro-profiles, voltammetric profiles and pore
water composition were measured in surface sediments to identify the main
biogeochemical processes controlling the net production of alkalinity in
these sediments. Benthic TA and DIC fluxes to the water column, ranging
between 14 and 74 and 18 and 78 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively, were up to 8 times higher than dissolved oxygen uptake (DOU) rates (10.4±0.9 mmol m−2 d−1) close to the river mouth, but their
intensity decreased offshore, as a result of the decline in OC inputs. In
the zone close to the river mouth, pore water redox species indicated that
TA and DIC were mainly produced by microbial sulfate and iron reduction.
Despite the complete removal of sulfate from pore waters, dissolved sulfide
concentrations were low and significant concentrations of FeS were found,
indicating the precipitation and burial of iron sulfide minerals with an
estimated burial flux of 12.5 mmol m−2 d−1 near the river mouth.
By preventing reduced iron and sulfide reoxidation, the precipitation and
burial of iron sulfide increases the alkalinity release from the sediments
during the spring and summer months. Under these conditions, the sediment
provides a net source of alkalinity to the bottom waters which mitigates the
effect of the benthic DIC flux on the carbonate chemistry of coastal waters
and weakens the partial pressure of CO2 increase in the bottom waters
that would occur if only DIC was produced.
Relevance of aboveground litter for soil organic matter formation – a
soil profile perspective
Authors: Liebmann Patrick , Wordell-Dietrich Patrick , Kalbitz Karsten , Mikutta Robert , Kalks Fabian , Don Axel , Woche Susanne K. , Dsilva Leena R. , Guggenberger Georg
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In contrast to mineral topsoils, the origin and processes leading to the formation and stabilization of organic matter (OM) in subsoils is still not well known. This study addresses the fate of litter-derived carbon (C) in whole soil profiles with regard to the conceptual cascade model, which proposes that OM formation in subsoils is linked to sorption-microbial processing-remobilization cycles during the downward migration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Our main objectives were to quantify the contribution of recent litter to subsoil C stocks via DOC movement and to evaluate the stability of litter-derived OM in different functional OM fractions. A plot-scale stable isotope labeling experiment was conducted in a temperate beech forest by replacing the natural litter layer with 13C enriched litter on an area of 20 m2 above a Dystric Cambisol. After 22 months of field exposure, the labeled litter was replaced again by natural litter and soil cores were drilled down to 180 cm soil depth. Water extraction and density fractionation were combined with stable isotope measurements in order to link the fluxes of recent litter-derived C to its allocation into different functional OM fractions. A second sampling was conducted 18 months later to further account for the stability of translocated young litter-derived C. Almost no litter-derived particulate OM (POM) entered the subsoil, suggesting root biomass as the major source of subsoil POM. The contribution of aboveground litter to the formation of mineral-associated OM (MAOM) in topsoils (0–10 cm) was 0.99 ± 0.45 g C m−2 yr−1, and decreased to 0.37 ± 0.10 g C m−2 yr−1 in the upper subsoil (10–50 cm) and 0.01 ± 0.01 g C m−2 yr−1 in the deep subsoil > 100 cm soil depth. This finding suggests a subordinate importance of recent litter layer inputs via DOC translocation to subsoil C stocks, and implies that most of the OM in the subsoil is of older age. Smaller losses of litter-derived C within MAOM of about 66 % compared to POM (77–89 %) indicate that recent carbon can be stabilized by interaction with mineral surfaces; although the overall stabilization in the sandy study soils was low. Our isotope labeling approach supports the concept of OM undergoing a sequence of cycles of sorption, microbial processing, and desorption while migrating down a soil profile, which needs to be considered in models on soil OM formation and subsoil C cycling.
Event generation for probabilistic flood risk modelling: multi-site
peak flow dependence model vs weather generator based approach
Authors: Winter Benjamin , Schneeberger Klaus , Vorogushyn Sergiy
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Flood risk assessment is an important prerequisite for risk management decisions. To estimate the risk, flood damages need to be either systematically recorded over long period or they need to be modelled for a series of synthetically generated flood events. Since damage records are typically rare, time series of plausible, spatially coherent event precipitation or peak discharges need to be generated to drive the chain of process models. In the present study, synthetic flood events are generated by two different approaches to model flood risk in a meso-scale alpine study area (Vorarlberg, Austria). The first approach is based on the semi-conditional multi-variate dependence model applied to discharge series. The second approach is based on the continuous hydrological modelling of synthetic meteorological fields generated by a multi-site weather generator and using an hourly disaggregation scheme. The results of the two approaches are compared in terms of simulated spatial patterns and overall flood risk estimates. It could be demonstrated that both methods are valid approaches for risk assessment with specific advantages and disadvantages. Both methods are superior to the traditional assumption of a uniform return period, where risk is computed by assuming a homogeneous return period (e.g. 100-year flood) across the entire study area.
Precipitation stable isotopic signatures of tropical cyclones in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines show significant negative isotopic excursions
Authors: Jackisch Dominik , Yeo Bi Xuan , Switzer Adam D. , He Shaoneng , Cantarero Danica Linda M. , Siringan Fernando P. , Goodkin Nathalie F.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Tropical cyclones have devastating impacts on the environment, economies, and societies, and may intensify in the coming decades due to climate change. Stable water isotopes serve as tracers of the hydrological cycle, as the fractionation process may leave distinct precipitation isotopic signatures. Here we present a record of daily precipitation isotope measurements from March 2014 to October 2015 for Metropolitan Manila, which is a first of a kind dataset for the Philippines and Southeast Asia, and analyze if there is an isotopic response to tropical cyclones. The most negative shift in δ18O value (−13.84 ‰) leading to a clear isotopic signal was caused by Typhoon Rammasun, which directly hit Metropolitan Manila. The average δ18O value of precipitation associated with tropical cyclones is −10.24 ‰, whereas the mean isotopic value for rainfall associated with non-cyclone events is −5.29 ‰. Further, the closer the storm track to the sampling site, the more negative the isotopic values, indicating that in-situ isotope measurements can provide a direct linkage between isotopes and typhoon activities in the Philippines.
Ambient conditions prevailing during hail events in central Europe
Authors: Kunz Michael , Wandel Jan , Fluck Elody , Baumstark Sven , Mohr Susanna , Schemm Sebastian
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Around 26 000 severe convective storm tracks between 2005 and 2014 have been estimated from 2D radar reflectivity for parts of Europe, including Germany, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg. This event-set was further combined with eyewitness reports, convection-related parameters from ERA-Interim reanalysis and synoptic-scale fronts based on the same reanalysis. Our analyses reveal that about a quarter of all severe thunderstorms in the investigation area were associated with a front. Over complex terrains, such as in southern Germany, the proportion of frontal convective storms is around 10–15 %, while over flat terrain half of the events require a front to trigger convection. Frontal hailstorms on average produce larger hailstones and have a longer track. These events usually develop in a high-shear environment. Using composites of environmental conditions centered around the hailstorm tracks, we found that dynamical proxies such as deep-layer shear or storm-relative helicity become important when separating hail diameters and, in particular, their lengths; 0–3 km helicity as a dynamical proxy performs better compared to wind shear for the separation. In contrast, thermodynamical proxies such as Lifted Index or lapse rate show only small differences between the different intensity classes.
Turbulent transport of discharged ground water in oceanic bottom
boundary layers in a water channel experiment
Authors: Karow Nils , Kandler Leonie , Brede Martin , Grundmann Sven
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In the context of the DFG research training Group Baltic Transcoast the scalar transport of discharged submarine groundwater and the included tracer substances will be investigated. The research focus is the mixing of ground water under the influence of waves in shallow coastal water. The waves will be generated by a Piston type wave generator and can be varied with respect to the specific wave parameters. In the water channel a permeable sea bed model is installed which allows the intrusion of a florescent tracer fluid into the measurement area. The transport of this tracer in the water column is affected by the wave motion and will be analysed using optical measurement technology. The methods used are on the one hand the Particle Image Velocimetry, to determine the velocity field in the measurement area. On the other hand, simultaneous Laser Induced Florescence will be used to obtain the concentration field. Thus, the relation between the unsteady velocity field and the mixing of the tracer can be determined quantitatively.
Active tectonic field for CO2 Storage management: Hontomín onshore study-case (SPAIN)
Authors: Pérez-López Raúl , Mediato José F. , Rodríguez-Pascua Miguel A. , Giner-Robles Jorge L. , Ramos Adrià , Martín-Velázquez Silvia , Martínez-Orío Roberto , Fernández-Canteli Paula
Published: January 2020

Abstract. One of the concerns of underground CO2 onshore storage is the triggering of Induced Seismicity and fault reactivation. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of the tectonic parameters involved in the storage rock formation is mandatory for safety management operations. Unquestionably, active faults and seal faults depicting the storage bulk are relevant parameters to be considered. However, there is a lack of analysis of the active tectonic strain field affecting these faults during the CO2 storage monitoring. The advantage of reconstructing the tectonic field is the possibility to determine the strain trajectories and describing the fault patterns affecting the reservoir rock. In this work, we adapt a methodology of systematic geostructural analysis to the underground CO2 storage, based on the calculation of the strain field and defined by the strain field from kinematics indicators on the fault planes (ey and ex for the maximum and minimum horizontal shortening respectively). This methodology is based on statistical analysis of individual strain tensor solutions obtained from fresh outcrops. Consequently, we have collected 447 fault data in 32 field stations located within a 20 km radius. The understanding of the fault sets role for underground fluid circulation can also be established, helping for further analysis about CO2 leakage and seepage. We have applied this methodology to Hontomín onshore CO2 storage facilities (Central Spain). The geology of the area and the number of high-quality outcrops, made this site as a good candidate for studying the strain field from kinematics fault analysis. The results indicate a strike-slip tectonic regime with the maximum horizontal shortening with N160° E and N50º E trend for local regime, which activates NE–SW strike-slip faults and NE–SW compressional faults. A regional tectonic field was also recognized with N–S trend, which activates E–W compressional faults. Monitoring of E–W faults within the reservoir is suggested in addition with the possibility of obtaining focal mechanism solutions for micro earthquakes (M
Modelling tower fatigue loads of a wind turbine using data mining
techniques on SCADA data
Authors: Movsessian Artur , Schedat Marcel , Faber Torsten
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The rapid development of the wind industry in recent decades and the establishment of this technology as a mature and cost-competitive alternative have stressed the need for sophisticated maintenance and monitoring methods. Structural health monitoring has risen as a diagnosis strategy to detect damage or failures in wind turbine structures with the help of measuring sensors. The amount of data recorded by the structural health monitoring system can potentially be used to obtain knowledge about the condition and remaining lifetime of wind turbines. Machine learning techniques provide the opportunity to extract this information, thereby improving the reliability and cost-effectiveness of the wind industry as well. This paper demonstrates modeling damage equivalent loads of the fore-aft bending moments of a wind turbine tower with the advantage of using the neighborhood component analysis as a feature selection technique in comparison to common dimension reduction/feature selection techniques such as correlation analysis, stepwise regression or principal component analysis. For this study a one-year measuring period of data was gathered, pre-processed, and filtered by different operational modes, namely stand still, full load, and partial load. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed in the partial load model to determine the required length of the data collection campaign that guarantees the most precise results. The results indicate that applying neighborhood component analysis yields more conservative models regarding the number of features and equally accurate outcomes than traditional feature selection techniques.
Implementation of the blade element momentum model on a polar grid and its aeroelastic load impact
Authors: Madsen Helge Aagaard , Larsen Torben Juul , Pirrung Georg Raimund , Li Ang , Zahle Frederik
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We show that the upscaling of wind turbines from rotor diameters of 15–20 m to presently large rotors of 150–200 m has changed the requirements for the aerodynamic blade element momentum (BEM) models in the aeroelastic codes. This is because the typical scales in the inflow turbulence are now comparable with the rotor diameter of the large turbines. Therefore, the spectrum of the incoming turbulence relative to the rotating blade has increased energy content on 1P, 2P, …, nP, and the annular mean induction approach in a classical BEM implementation might no longer be a good approximation for large rotors. We present a complete BEM implementation on a polar grid that models the induction response to the considerable 1P, 2P, …, nP inflow variations, including models for yawed inflow, dynamic inflow and radial induction. At each time step, in an aeroelastic simulation, the induction derived from a local BEM approach is updated at all the stationary grid points covering the swept area so the model can be characterized as an engineering actuator disk (AD) solution. The induction at each grid point varies slowly in time due to the dynamic inflow filter but the rotating blade now samples the induction field; as a result, the induction seen from the blade is highly unsteady and has a spectrum with distinct 1P, 2P, …, nP peaks. The load impact mechanism from this unsteady induction is analyzed and it is found that the load impact strongly depends on the turbine design and operating conditions. For operation at low to medium thrust coefficients (conventional turbines at above rated wind speed or low induction turbines in the whole operating range), it is found that the grid BEM gives typically 8 %–10 % lower 1 Hz blade root flapwise fatigue loads than the classical annular mean BEM approach. At high thrust coefficients that can occur at low wind speeds, the grid BEM can give slightly increased fatigue loads. In the paper, the implementation of the grid-based BEM is described in detail, and finally several validation cases are presented. Comparisons with blade loads from full rotor CFD, wind tunnel experiments and a field experiment show that the model can predict the aerodynamic forces in half-wake, yawed flow, dynamic inflow and turbulent inflow conditions.
Burnout among medical and health sciences information professionals who support systematic reviews: an exploratory study
Authors: Demetres Michelle R. , Wright Drew N. , DeRosa Antonio P.
Published: January 2020

Objective: The aim of this exploratory study was to assess personal, work-related, and client-related burnout among information professionals who support systematic review (SR) work.Methods: The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, a validated tool for assessing burnout, was administered to information professionals who support SR work. A broad range of health sciences or medical librarians and information professionals were targeted via professional email discussion lists and news outlets. Questionnaire responses were captured electronically using Qualtrics Survey Software and quantitatively analyzed.Results: Respondents experienced an average personal burnout score of 48.6, work-related score of 46.4, and client-related score of 32.5 out of 100. Respondents who reported spending >80% of their job duties on SR work had significantly lower personal burnout scores than those who reported spending <10% of their job duties on SR work (average, 31.5 versus 50.9, respectively). Also, respondents who reported using an SR support tool had significantly lower personal burnout scores than those who reported sometimes using a tool (average, 43.7 versus 54.7, respectively).Conclusion: The results suggest that information professionals who dedicate more time to SR work or who consistently use an SR support tool experience less burnout. This study provides groundwork for further investigation with the aim of developing approaches to prevent or combat SR-related burnout among information professionals.
Writing centers, libraries, and medical and pharmacy schools
Authors: McGurr Melanie J.
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study investigated the existence of writing centers at medical and pharmacy schools, the location of those writing centers in a library or elsewhere, and librarians’ perceptions of how writing centers are viewed by students, faculty, and staff.Methods: A twelve-question survey was sent to libraries affiliated with a medical and pharmacy school in the United States.Results: Respondents were curious about writing centers, how they were viewed on campus, and how to start one. Overall, respondents described engagement with writing centers: 68% had a writing center on campus, 23% had a writing center in their library, and 11% had a writing center on the health sciences campus, including in the health sciences library. No respondents reported hearing negative comments from faculty or students about the writing centers, and 60% of respondents with writing centers that were available to medical and pharmacy students would recommend one to health sciences libraries without access to a writing center.Conclusion: This exploratory study showed that the establishment of writing centers in health sciences libraries is a topic of interest. Future studies could further investigate health sciences libraries’ roles in writing centers for pharmacy, medical, and other health sciences students.
Publishing habits and perceptions of open access publishing and public access amongst clinical and research fellows
Authors: O’Hanlon Robin , McSweeney Jeanine , Stabler Samuel
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Open access (OA) publishing rates have risen dramatically in the biomedical sciences in the past decade. However, few studies have focused on the publishing activities and attitudes of early career researchers. The aim of this study was to examine current publishing activities of clinical and research fellows and their perceptions of OA publishing and public access.Methods: This study employed a mixed methods approach. Data on publications authored by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center fellows between 2013 and 2018 were collected via an in-house author profile system and citation indexes. Journals were categorized according to SHERPA/RoMEO classifications. In-person and telephone interviews were conducted with fifteen fellows to discern their perceptions of OA publishing.Results: The total percentage of fellows’ publications that were freely available OA was 28.6%, with a relatively flat rate between 2013 and 2018. Publications with fellows as first authors were significantly more likely to be OA. Fellows cited high article processing charges (APCs) and perceived lack of journal quality or prestige as barriers to OA publishing. Fellows generally expressed support for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) public access policy.Conclusions: While the fellows in this study acknowledged the potential of OA to aid in research dissemination, they also expressed hesitation to publish OA related to confusion surrounding legitimate OA and predatory publications and frustration with APCs. Fellows supported the NIH public access policy and accepted it as part of their research process. Health sciences information professional could potentially leverage this acceptance of public access to advocate for OA publishing. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Why do biomedical researchers learn to program? An exploratory investigation
Authors: Deardorff Ariel
Published: January 2020

Objective: As computer programming becomes increasingly important in the biomedical sciences and more libraries offer programming classes, it is crucial for librarians to understand how researchers use programming in their work. The goal of this study was to understand why biomedical researchers who enrolled in a library-sponsored workshop wanted to learn to program in R and Python.Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were performed with fourteen researchers registered for beginning R and Python programming workshops at the University of California, San Francisco Library. A thematic analysis approach was used to extract the top reasons that researchers learned to program.Results: Four major themes emerged from the interviews. Researchers wanted to learn R and Python programming in order to perform their data analysis independently, to be an informed collaborator, to engage with new forms of big data research, and to have more flexibility in the tools that they used for their research.Conclusions: Librarians designing programming workshops should remember that most researchers are hoping to apply their new skills to a specific research task such as data cleaning, data analysis, and statistics and that language preferences can vary based on research community as well as personal preferences. Understanding the programming goals of researchers will make it easier for librarians to partner effectively and offer services that are critically needed in the biomedical community.
Transforming Health Sciences Library Spaces
Authors: Earl Martha F.
Published: January 2020

Any health sciences library concerned with space reductions, wanting to change the value of physical spaces, or reviewing the literature on these topics can begin with Transforming Health Sciences Library Spaces.
Democratic librarianship: the role of the medical library in promoting democracy and social justice
Authors: Martin Elaine Russo
Published: January 2020

Evidence suggests that Erich Meyerhoff was one of the first practitioners of democratic librarianship throughout his long and productive life. This essay defines democratic librarianship in the context of democratic ideals and social justice and posits actions that the profession should be taking to thrive and lead in a multicultural environment, including being a place for active engagement, crucial conversations, and debate. Democratic librarianship is broader than social justice but incorporates social justice ideals in promoting a socially just and democratic society.
Complete Anatomy
Authors: Motsinger Sara K.
Published: January 2020

Complete Anatomy is a 3D anatomy platform created by 3D4Medical, which has been developing medical products since 2009. It is a platform used by students, educators, medical professionals, and institutions and has more than one million users for its interactive anatomy models, clinical video animations, and virtual dissection tools.
Library resource sharing and the Medical Library Center of New York
Authors: Gallagher Patricia E.
Published: January 2020

The creation of the Medical Library Center of New York (MLCNY) was a significant contribution to the history of health sciences librarianship as a model for cooperative, democratic, and practical solutions to the issues of storage and resource sharing. The MLCNY’s founding director, Erich Meyerhoff, was a key figure in the successful start-up and ongoing operations of the center, which operated from 1960–2003 and served the greater New York area and beyond. This essay traces the evolution of the center including the creation of the Union Catalog of Medical Periodicals and the demise of the center occasioned by changes in scholarly publishing, technology, and constituent needs.
The tenth Janet Doe Lecture, a forty-year perspective: still relevant after all these years
Authors: Peay Wayne J. , Epstein Helen-Ann Brown
Published: January 2020

Erich Meyerhoff was an academic health sciences librarian and a distinguished member of the Medical Library Association when he was invited to present the Janet Doe Lecture in 1977. His lecture on the state of the association is considered one of the finest Doe lectures and is still relevant more than forty years later, not only from an historical perspective, but also for his projections for the future and his prescient comments about the future of hospital librarianship and the important role of women in the association. Key 1977 Doe lecture topics are reviewed and updated in the context of the current health sciences library environment.
119th Annual Meeting, Medical Library Association, Inc., Chicago, IL, May 3–8, 2019
Authors: Pionke JJ , Aaronson Ellen
Published: January 2020

The Medical Library Association (MLA) held its 119th annual meeting in Chicago, Illinois May 3–8, 2019, at the Hyatt Regency Chicago. The meeting theme was “Elevate.”
PROCESOS DE EVALUACIÓN INSTITUCIONAL EN SERVICIOS DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR. APRENDIZAJES EN UNA FACULTAD DE ENFERMERÍA
Authors: Cabrera Puente Alicia
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se pretende describir una visión panorámica de la evolución teórica de la administración empresarial, enfocando el tema en algunos ejes conceptuales considerados de interés en las instituciones de educación superior. Se presentan algunos modelos de evaluación en instituciones educativas de nivel universitario, así como estudios realizados en centros formadores de licenciados en enfermería, con el propósito de aportar a la superación de los niveles de calidad alcanzados.

Finalmente, se analizan algunas de las conclusiones, derivadas de la prueba piloto de aplicación de la guía de autoevaluación institucional, diseñada por la investigadora para la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad de la República (UDELAR).
https://iasks.org/articles/jttm-v01-i2-pp-27-34.pdf
Authors: Kibret Hagos Gebremedhin
Published: January 2020

Street vendors use sidewalks to display goods and services. The reduction of sidewalk space by sidewalk vending activity forces pedestrians to take evasive action by changing walking speed and/or direction. Based on previous qualitative studies pedestrian evasive movements are related to pedestrian level of service and sharing carriageways. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of typical sidewalk vendor on average pedestrian walking speed and lateral position. The study used a field observation followed by a controlled walking experiment to study pedestrian behavior in the presence of typical sidewalk vendor. A univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) of pedestrian trajectories, extracted from a walking experiment, showed that the average pedestrian lateral position and walking speed were significantly affected by the presence of a sidewalk vendor, pedestrian flow rate and the interaction effect of the two (p<0.05). The effect size also varied with the width of a vending stall and vendor's location relative to the pedestrian's desired trajectory. The results are consistent with previous observations and findings about pedestrian sidewalk behavior in the presence of sidewalk vendor. The findings may contribute in designing and or monitoring sidewalk vending activities.
The effect of population size of paternal groups and herds on optimal estimation of the heritability index for gestation length in cattle
Authors: Różańska-Zawieja Jolanta , Szabelska-Beręsewicz Alicja , Sobek Zbigniew , Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska Anna , Zyprych-Walczak Joanna , Siatkowski Idzi
Published: January 2020

Estimation of genetic parameters is a crucial element in the process of population improvement. In the case of farm animals this process is based on a sample which is a subset of the whole population. For this reason it is important to know the effect of the size of paternal groups and of the herd on the accuracy of estimations of these parameters, particularly heritability. The aim of this study was to show the effect of the population size of paternal groups and herds on the accuracy of estimation of the heritability index (h2). The material for the analyses comprised data of Holstein-Friesian cattle born in 2005-2010 and subject to use value assessment in Poland. The trait analysed was gestation length. Calculations using a linear mixed model were performed using the R 3.1.3 platform. The analyses showed that calculations concerning daughters in paternal groups are more accurate when the daughters are in a smaller number of herds, but of greater size. An increase in the size of paternal groups at the expense of their number does not have such a negative effect on the accuracy of the estimate as in the case of a reduced number of small herds. Limiting the estimate to only the largest herds reduces its accuracy.