bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chub movement is attracted by the collision sounds associated with spawning activities
Authors: WANG YA-LUN , LIN CHIA-YU , HUANG SHIH-PIN , LEE CHIA-YUN , TUANMU MAO-NING , WANG TZI-YUAN
Published: September 2022

Cyprinids (carps, chubs and minnows) possess well-developed hearing and high sensitivity to sound pressure. The sensitive hearing may assist cyprinids with searching for food, territory defense, and mating behavior. Many paired fishes violently shake in sand and gravel while spawning in rivers. However, no study has examined the ecological importance of the collision sound made by the behavior. This study examined whether cohabitated chubs (Opsariichthys evolans and Zacco platypus) use the collision sound as a signal to locate spawning events so they can be a male satellite or egg eater. Three types of sounds (i.e., collision sound, music noise and ambient noise) were played with or without jerkbaits at the midstream of the Keelung River, Taiwan during the spawning season in 2018 and 2019. Generalized linear mixed models were then built to examine the effects of the sound types and the presence of jerkbaits on the number of individuals that the two chubs attracted. Results showed significantly different levels of attractiveness among the three sound types, with the collision sound attracting most fishes, including both females and males, followed by music noise and ambient noise. The presence of jerkbaits increased the number of fishes attracted, but the effect was only statistically marginally significant. These results suggest that the collision sound as an acoustic signal may be more important than a visual signal for the chubs to locate spawning events of other mating pairs, probably because of the longer transmission distance of the former. The present study demonstrates the ecological meanings of the collision sounds made in association with spawning activities of the chubs and implies that the native chub's spawning activities may be affected by the introduced Z. platypus. More studies on the interactions between these cohabitated chubs will benefit the conservation of native chubs.
Circulation and Soil Moisture Contributions to Heatwaves in the United States
Authors: Horowitz Russell L. , McKinnon Karen A. , Simpson Isla R.
Published: September 2022

Extreme heat events are a threat to human health, productivity, and food supply, so understanding their drivers is critical to adaptation and resilience. Anticyclonic circulation and certain quasi-stationary Rossby wave patterns are well known to coincide with heatwaves, and soil moisture deficits amplify extreme heat in some regions. However, the relative roles of these two factors in causing heatwaves is still unclear. Here we use constructed circulation analogs to estimate the contribution of atmospheric circulation to heatwaves in the United States in the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) preindustrial control simulations. After accounting for the component of the heatwaves explained by circulation, we explore the relationship between the residual temperature anomalies and soil moisture. We find that circulation explains over 85% of heatwave temperature anomalies in the eastern and western United States but only 75%–85% in the central United States. In this region, there is a significant negative correlation between soil moisture the week before the heatwave and the strength of the heatwave that explains additional variance. Further, for the hottest central U.S. heatwaves, positive temperature anomalies and negative soil moisture anomalies are evident over a month before heatwave onset. These results provide evidence that positive land–atmosphere feedbacks may be amplifying heatwaves in the central United States and demonstrate the geographic heterogeneity in the relative importance of the land and atmosphere for heatwave development. Analysis of future circulation and soil moisture in the CESM1 Large Ensemble indicates that, over parts of the United States, both may be trending toward greater heatwave likelihood.
Nonlocal Impacts of Soil Moisture Variability in South America: Linking Two Land–Atmosphere Coupling Hot Spots
Authors: Giles Julián Alberto , Menéndez Claudio Guillermo , Ruscica Romina Carla
Published: September 2022

The land–atmosphere interactions play an important role in modulating climate variability at different spatial and temporal scales. In South America, two recognized hot spots of soil moisture–atmosphere coupling are located in southeastern South America (SESA) and eastern Brazil. Soil moisture variability may not only alter the climate locally but may also have nonlocal impacts through changes in the regional circulation. Here we explore how these two local coupling hot spots interact with each other, how soil moisture variability modulates the regional circulation, and what is the consequent nonlocal impact on precipitation. To this end, we analyze numerical experiments, performed with a regional climate model for the period October–March of 1983–2012, that allow us to isolate the influence of the soil moisture interannual variability on the regional climate. When the soil moisture–atmosphere interaction is enabled, we find a nonlocal coupling mechanism that links both hot spots at different temporal scales, favoring precipitation in eastern Brazil to the detriment of the precipitation in SESA through shifts in the regional circulation, when compared with a simulation with constrained soil moisture–atmosphere interaction. In northeastern Argentina, a subregion of SESA located at the exit of the South American low-level jet, it was found that the amount of nighttime precipitation is modulated by the proposed nonlocal coupling mechanism. A better understanding of the variability of precipitation due to the influence of land–atmosphere interaction processes may contribute to improving the predictability of precipitation and the interpretation of climate projections.
Coastal Sea Level Observations Record the Twentieth-Century Enhancement of Decadal Climate Variability
Authors: Little Christopher M.
Published: September 2022

Changes in the amplitude of decadal climate variability over the twentieth century have been noted, with most evidence derived from tropical Pacific sea surface temperature records. However, the length, spatial coverage, and stability of most instrumental records are insufficient to robustly identify such nonstationarity, or resolve its global spatial structure. Here, it is found that the long-term, stable, observing platform provided by tide gauges reveals a dramatic increase in the amplitude and spatial coherence of decadal (11–14-yr period) coastal sea level (ζ) variability between 1960 and 2000. During this epoch, western North American ζ was approximately out of phase with ζ in Sydney, Australia, and led northeastern U.S. ζ by approximately 1–2 years. The amplitude and timing of changes in decadal ζ variability in these regions are consistent with changes in atmospheric variability. Specifically, central equatorial Pacific wind stress and Labrador Sea heat flux are highly coherent and exhibit contemporaneous, order-of-magnitude increases in decadal power. These statistical relationships have a mechanistic underpinning: Along the western North American coastline, equatorial winds are known to drive rapidly propagating ζ signals along equatorial and coastal waveguides, while a 1–2-yr lag between Labrador Sea heat fluxes and northeastern United States ζ is consistent with a remotely forced, buoyancy-driven, mechanism. Tide gauges thus provide strong independent support for an increase in interbasin coherence on decadal time scales over the second half of the twentieth century, with implications for both the interpretation and prediction of climate and sea level variability.

Significance Statement

Decadal climate variability influences the frequency and severity of many natural hazards (e.g., drought), with considerable human and ecological impacts. Understanding observed changes and predicting future impacts relies upon an understanding of the physical processes and any changes in their variability and relationship over time. However, identifying such changes requires very long observational records. This paper leverages a large set of tide gauge records to show that decadal time scale coastal sea level variability increased dramatically in the second half of the twentieth century, in widely separated geographic locations. The increase was driven by a shift in the amplitude, spatial pattern, and interbasin coherence of atmospheric pressure, wind, and sea surface temperature variability.
Do Model Results Vary under Different Routing Algorithms Based on a Distributed Ecohydrological Model?
Authors: Xu Zhenwu , Sun Lin , Tang Guoping , Chen Xiaohua , Niu Xiangyu , Li Yi , Yu Yangbo
Published: September 2022

Although several flow routing (FR) algorithms are developed for hydrological modeling, it is still uncertain how the selection of algorithms may affect model results. This study aims to explore the similarity and dissimilarity in model results among different FR algorithms characterized by single flow direction (SD) and multiple flow direction (MD). The Coupled Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (CHESS) was incorporated with six different FR algorithms (D8, D∞, MD∞, MD8, MFD-md, and RMD∞) and then applied for modeling ecohydrological processes for a semiarid mountainous watershed in the western United States during 1991–2012. Comparisons were made between the model results at the catchment and the grid scale. After slightly adjusting one of the most sensitive soil parameters, all algorithms behave similarly in simulating stream hydrographs. When averaged for the watershed, the modeled ecohydrological variables mostly do not differ significantly (<5%) among the six FR algorithms. Nevertheless, the simulated ecohydrological variables are spatially more autocorrelated under the more dispersive MD algorithms. In addition, there exist significant (>5%) cell-level differences in modeled soil moisture among different FR algorithms, with propagated influences on the simulated evapotranspiration and vegetation growth variables. In hillslopes, the cell-level differences in model results tend to increase significantly as the flows move to the streams. Overall, this study proves that the watershed-level differences in model results among FR algorithms are low after model calibration, while significant differences still occur at the cell level. Thus, observational data are essential for testing which routing algorithm captures better the reality of local ecohydrological processes.

Significance Statement

The consideration of flow routing is essential for accurately simulating land surface ecohydrological processes. However, less is known about how the selection of flow routing algorithms may affect the model results. Based on model experiments, we found that the model results under different algorithms do not significantly differ from each other when averaged for the watershed. However, significant differences in model results exist at the individual cell level. These findings are useful for guiding future modeling-related research and also suggest the importance of field studies for testing which routing algorithm can better represent local ecohydrological processes.
The experience of incongruous grace
Authors: Hinlicky Paul R.
Published: September 2022

This symposium contribution scrutinizes Zahl’s treatise on the Holy Spirit and Christian experience from the perspective of his utilization of Augustine, Luther and Melanchthon. It exposits his argument as a critical retrieval of the early Reformation doctrine of justification by the Spirit’s sanctification which is the gift of faith, recognizable as affective transformation from servile fear to filial trust. It qualifies his genealogy of the discrediting of such affective experience in modern Protestant theology by tracing it to the Osiander controversy and its resolution in the 1580 Formula of Concord’s separation of justification from the Spirit’s sanctifying work in bestowing faith as the gift which receives the gift of Christ in his joyful exchange with the sinful.
The costs of avoidable injury from childhood cancer: Litigate or mediate?
Authors: Walker David A , Punt Jonathan
Published: September 2022

We write as experienced paediatric practitioners who have been involved in medico-legal proceedings where cases related to childhood cancer practice have featured frequently. We will use the service evaluation of Professor David A Walker’s last 35 cases, where all but seven concerned children with tumours of the brain or spine to illustrate the concerns that families raise. We refer to the evidence from the HeadSmart programme ( www.headsmart.org.uk ), which seeks to accelerate diagnosis by raising awareness of the disease and symptoms. We use the experience of Dr Jonathan AG Punt to illustrate the legal issues that apply and explain the way that significant quantum calculations are applied to cases of this type. The current move by NHS Resolution to explore the expanded role of mediation will be discussed and the need for research to explore the precise way that mediation could be developed to offer an alternative approach to conflict resolution.
Where Are They Now: The Narratives of Children Who Lost a Parent on 9/11
Authors: Sliwak Ryan M. , Lee Minsun , Collins Michelle Hanna
Published: September 2022

There is a paucity of literature examining the experiences of children who lost a parent on 9/11. The primarily quantitative research has not allowed for a deeper understanding of how children who lost a parent on 9/11 make meaning of their experiences, especially in the context of a national tragedy. This study investigates how eight children who were between the ages of 5 and 12 when they lost a parent on 9/11 developed a personal narrative about this loss in the context of the collective narrative about 9/11. Using narrative inquiry, cases demonstrated patterns of narrative development about grief, tragedy, and collective themes of American exceptionalism, patriotism, triumph, and resiliency. These cases highlight de-personalized narratives of grief, tension between the grand narrative provided to them and their personal story of loss, and distance between the reality of their loss and the collective meaning-making of the tragedy. This study extends Bronfenbrenner’s (1977) ecological systems theory by highlighting how a lack of bidirectionality between larger social and cultural systems and the individual negatively impacts personal experiences of grief and loss.
Saint John Henry Newman and ecumenism: an Anglican perspective
Authors: Morris Jeremy
Published: September 2022

This article considers the ecumenical significance of Saint John Henry Newman’s theology for Anglicanism. It notes Newman’s reservations about Anglicanism after 1845 and Anglican suspicion of Newman’s work until recently. It argues that in three areas – his understanding of Catholicity, authority and the laity – Anglicans still need to learn from Newman. This is anchored in his organic view of faith, and in the associated notions of dynamic Catholicity and spiritual ecumenism. The article concludes that the canonization, for Anglicans, is justified by Newman’s status as a modern doctor of the Church.
Fashion’s diplomatic role: an instrument of French prestige-based commercial diplomacy, 1960s–1970s
Authors: Dubé-Senécal Vincent
Published: September 2022

This article re-examines the aid-to-couture plans enacted by France at the end of the 1960s from both historical and diplomatic perspectives. In so doing, it assesses the decision-making process of French public authorities, couturiers and textile manufacturers by cross-referencing archives from multi-stakeholder meetings with diplomatic archives. By building on the current literature in Fashion Studies that stands at the confluence of cultural and business perspectives, this article adds to it a diplomatic perspective to re-evaluate the role of fashion for diplomacy. It argues that contrary to the traditional narrative on the role of fashion in favour of textile exports, haute couture and fashion instead became a fixture of France’s post-war prestige-based commercial diplomacy through a mix of nation branding avant la lettre and export branding.
Theory of Practice and China Research: Legal and Social Science Studies
Authors: Huang Philip C. C.
Published: September 2022

This article reviews the theory of practice that the author has employed for many years, including a discussion of my understanding of the ideas of its original founder Pierre Bourdieu, and my borrowing, expanding, and reinterpreting of his theory. I have long advocated the development of a new “social science of practice,” which is to say, to begin our research from the study of actual practice, on that basis re-examine and reformulate existing theories or generate new concepts, and then return once more to practice to test those. In hindsight, my own research into the biculturality of late-developing China from Western invasion and influence as well as from indigenous tradition, especially as manifested in its changing justice system, has been crucially important to my rethinking of the theory of practice. This article summarizes the key issues and major points involved.
Diffuse-type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor Invading the Temporal Bone: Three Cases
Authors: Huang Qilin , Wu Xia , Xia Qin , Xie Zhen , Xiao Hongjun , Sun Yu , Jia Yulin , Yao Dongxiao , Guang Xuan , Cheng Huamao
Published: September 2022

Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor (D-TSGCT) is a destructive benign tumor-like proliferative disease that occurs in synovial tissue characterized by villous nodular hyperplasia of joints, tendon sheaths, and synovium. D-TSGCT invading the temporal bone originating from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is very rare. Here, we report 3 cases of temporal bone D-TSGCT originating from the TMJ. The tumors in the three cases were originating from the TMJ and further invading the middle ear, the carotid foramen or the temporal lobe respectively. The second patient clearly involved the carotid foramen. The third patient clearly affected the temporal lobe. Lesions were completely removed in 3 cases, and all 3 patients were followed up for 30, 20, and 7 months, and none had recurrence. There are very few reports describing such cases. Although this report is not representative of most scenarios, there is still a potential that it provides a relatively reliable surgical idea for similar cases.
Discussing health while seeking community: A descriptive study of celiac disease on TikTok
Authors: Jaime Christie , Samuel Lalitha , Fera Joseph , Basch Corey H.
Published: September 2022

Background: For individuals suffering from chronic disease, more than being an information source for health information, social media serves as a dynamic forum for shared goals, emotional and practical support through the sharing of lived experiences. Aim: This study envisaged a content analysis of the 100 most widely-viewed English language videos related to celiac disease posted on TikTok. Methods: TikTok was searched using the hashtag #celiacdisease. This search term was chosen as it represented the broadest summation of the desired topic with the most views (80 million) of any related hashtag. The first 100 English language videos were selected. The video content was analyzed against predetermined descriptive categories, deductively derived content related to facts about celiac disease from a reliable source, and inductive content categories derived during the coding process. Results: The 100 videos included in this study received a total of 44,056,600 likes. The average number of likes across all videos was 440,566 with a standard deviation of 656,642.06. Two of the three categories were present in a majority (>50) of the videos. They were practical information on diet therapy management (n = 63) and challenges in managing celiac disease (n = 73). In both instances, videos featuring this content also garnered a majority of the likes, 74.18% and 82.9% respectively. Independent one-tailed t-tests (α = .05) returned significant results for the diagnosis-related information (p = .0390) and practical information in diet therapy management (p = .0358) categories. On average, videos that included diagnosis-related information received more likes than those that did not: 672,983.33 vs. 340,958.57. Similarly, the average number of likes was significantly higher for videos that included practical information on diet therapy management (518,715.87) vs. those that did not (307,500). Conclusions: This study further confirms the growing trend of people using social media to discuss health issues in a way that is free and easily accessible among communities with shared experiences. The long-term effects of using personal narratives as credible sources of behavioral change for health, medical, or professional resources can be further investigated.
Conceptualising Suspended Life: From Latency to Liminality
Authors: Lemke Thomas
Published: September 2022

The article focuses on the ability of some animals and plants to respond to changing environmental conditions by temporarily suspending metabolic processes. In contemporary biology, this state between life and death is commonly labelled ‘cryptobiosis’, combining the Greek kryptos (hidden, concealed, secret) with biōsis (mode of life). I argue that the notion of ‘cryptobiosis’ does not account sufficiently for the processual and relational dimensions of ametabolic life. The article advances a related but different concept, which better addresses this liminal state of biological organisation: s uspended life. While cryptobiosis still nurtures the imaginary of some latent life, suspended life stresses the liminality of the neither-nor life and death. The notion also grasps the dynamic and ongoing transfer between the biological and the technological. While the debate on cryptobiosis has so far remained confined to the description of natural processes, suspended life (or limbiosis) promises to account for contemporary technological practices of cryopreservation.
Concentrations of matrix metallopeptidase 9, interleukin 4, and interleukin 8 in follicular fluid, and the results of in vitro fertilization
Authors: Adamczak Rafał , Ukleja-Sokołowska Natalia , Lis Kinga , Bartuzi Zbigniew , Dubiel Mariusz
Published: September 2022

Objective

Cytokines and enzymes in follicular fluid (FF) may have a crucial role in fertility. This study aimed to analyse the results of in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) and compare them with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and cytokine concentrations in FF.

Methods

This case–control study included 20 randomly selected patients with a positive pregnancy (PPG) test and 20 with a negative pregnancy (NPG) test after IVF/ET. In FF obtained during oocyte retrieval, the concentrations of soluble forms of MMP-9, interleukin 1 (IL-1) alpha, IL-1 beta, interferon gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were measured. Their effect on the characteristics of follicles, embryos, and the efficiency of IVF and ET were analysed.

Results

High-sensitivity IL-4 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with a PPG test than in those with an NPG test (3.15 ± 3.23 vs 1.91 ± 0.35 pg/mL). The number of top-quality embryos achieved was significantly higher in patients with a PPG test than in those with an NPG test (2.6 ± 1.39 vs 1.75 ± 1.21), and they were negatively correlated with IL-8 concentrations in FF.

Conclusion

Further research on the role of IL-4 and IL-8 in FF is required to establish any clinical benefit of determining their concentrations in FF of infertile women.
Four Sides of the Coin: The Interplay of Interests in German and Polish Pension Industries
Authors: Ząbkowicz Anna
Published: September 2022

Pension reforms tend toward privatization of fund management, capitalization of savings, and redistribution of risk. An overview of reforms in the opening section identifies the course of the institutional change in Germany and in Poland, which can be broadly associated with Western European and Eastern European types of pension design, respectively. The second section offers a methodical insight in interests of four parties of the game, that is, the government, financial sector, nonfinancial companies, and trade unions, as well as prospective pensioners or actual retirees. The major section provides a review of arguments in favor of pension funding, drawing from media debates, and official announcements, with the aim to identify the rationale for pension funding. Next, it considers how this logical position is related to specific material interests.

JEL Classification: B52, P16, P52
Housekeeping of feelings: On Heller’s ethical aesthetics
Authors: Can Liu
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses Heller’s aesthetic ethics in her feeling theory. ‘Feeling’ is an aesthetic problem as well as an ethical problem. Heller discusses the important role of emotions in modern life. ‘Housekeeping of feelings’ is the key category of Heller’s ethical aesthetics, which is related to one’s self-realization. It is beneficial to the formation of individual value and helps to reconstruct an increasingly atomized community. The housekeeping of feelings is some kind of care, which is important both ethically and aesthetically. Heller’s feelings theory is based on human value itself, which is of great methodological significance for the reconstruction of the broken emotional community in the post-epidemic era.
Influence of tooth asymmetry and mating gear material on the tooth deflection characteristics of polymer gears
Authors: Pandian Arumugam Karthik , Gautam Sachin Singh , Selvaraj Senthilvelan
Published: September 2022

Transmission error (TE) in polymer gears is significantly affected by the elastic deflection of meshing teeth. The present work describes the deflection characteristics of the asymmetric Nylon 66 spur gears under similar and dissimilar engagements. The load sharing and deflection behavior were estimated numerically using a linear viscoelastic material model. Experimental determination of mesh deflection was carried out through static load tests. The peak mesh deflection in a cycle for the 20°/34° configuration was found to be 8% and 12% smaller as compared to 34°/20° and 20°/20° configurations, respectively. The peak tooth deflection was found to be highest for the 34°/20° configuration and lowest for the 20°/34° configuration, with the deviation between their peak deflections being 15% in metal-polymer pairs and 17% in polymer-polymer pairs. In the 34°/20° configuration, the higher drive side pressure angle increased the single tooth contact period, causing greater peak-to-valley amplitude in a cycle. The negligible tooth compliance of steel gear caused unsymmetrical load sharing in the double tooth contact zones of metal-polymer engagements. The greater compliance of driver gear in polymer-polymer engagements increased the mesh deflections of 20°/20° and 20°/34° configurations by 45% and that of 34°/20° configuration by 37%. Also, gear pairs with similar material stiffness balanced the load sharing in the addendum and dedendum double tooth contact zones. The large tooth deflection extended the contact duration of all configurations for both the similar as well as for the dissimilar engagements, respectively. This was signified by the contact path extension at the peripheries of the mesh cycle.
Turning of hardened AISI H13 steel with recently developed S3P-AlTiSiN coated carbide tool using MWCNT mixed nanofluid under minimum quantity lubrication
Authors: Mahapatra Sitesh , Das Anshuman , Jena Pankaj Charan , Das Sudhansu Ranjan
Published: September 2022

This article aims to analyze the tool vibration, surface roughness, and chip morphology in hard turning of hot work AISI H13 steel under multi-walled carbon nanotubes mixed nanofluid with minimum quantity lubrication. Recently developed new-generation nanocomposite AlTiSiN coating deposited on carbide insert via scalable pulsed power plasma (S3P) strategy is used as cutting tool material. The experiments associated with 30 number of trials are performed by considering various machining parameters that includes cutting speed, nose radius, depth of cut, and feed. In perspective of predictive modeling and multi-response optimization, response surface methodology has been engaged as a means to minimize the tool vibration and surface roughness. At last, with the measured tool life and based on the Gilbert’s machining economic model, a distinctive cost analysis has been implemented to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of coated carbide tool in hard turning. Statistical analysis confirms that nose radius with 36.65% has the highest contribution for surface roughness and cutting speed with 53.88% has the highest contribution for tool vibration. Increased flank wear and tool vibration are responsible for degradation of machined surface finish. Machining under nanofluid-MQL, chip morphology revealed the production of segmented type serrated saw-toothed chips. At higher cutting speed resulted: (a) obvious shape of saw tooth chip, (b) increase of distance among saw tooth, (c) reduction in chip segmentation frequency, (d) decrease of chip thickness. At optimum combination of process variables ( v = 55 m/min, d = 0.2 mm, r = 1.2 mm, f = 0.07 mm/rev), the life of AlTiSiN coated carbide tool is found to be 42 min under nanofluid-MQL and estimated the total machining cost expenditure per finished part of Rs. 153.52. New-generation AlTiSiN coated carbide tools can be competently and productively utilized for machining of hot work tool steel under ecologically cognizant minimum quantity cooling-lubrication, is the most accepted in industrial applications.
‘Feel like going crazy’: Mental health discourses in an online support group for mothers during COVID-19
Authors: Zayts-Spence Olga A , Tse Vincent Wai Sum , Fortune Zoe
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 has become a mental health pandemic. The impact on vulnerable demographic groups has been particularly severe. This paper focuses on women in employment in Hong Kong who have had to balance remote work and online schooling for over 2 years. Using semi-ethnography and theme-oriented discourse analysis, we examine 200 threads that concern members’ mental health on a popular Facebook support group for mothers. We demonstrate that mental health messages are typically framed as ‘troubles talk’. Other support group members actively align with a trouble-teller through ‘caring responses’, namely expressions of empathy and sympathy. These are realized through assessments of the trouble-teller’s experience, reports of similar experiences; expressions of compassion and advice-giving. Mental health talk online is heavily mitigated, nevertheless the medium provides a space for expressing mental health troubles and providing informal psychosocial support. We advocate the importance of microanalytic discourse studies for mental health research to get insights into people’s lived experiences during the pandemic.
Impact of Firm-specific Attributes on the Shareholder Value Creation of Listed South African Companies
Authors: Nieuwoudt Rika , Hall John H.
Published: September 2022

This article identifies firm-specific attributes with a substantial impact on the capabilities of listed South African companies to create shareholder value. It shows that the firm-specific attributes that contribute to shareholder value creation differ when value is measured using economic-based shareholder value measures, such as Economic Value Added (EVA) and Market Value Added (MVA), versus using accounting-based shareholder value measures, such as earnings per share (EPS). Data cover financial years from 2000 to 2018 for 35 JSE-listed companies. Multiple regression analysis is employed to study the relationships. The study revealed different results on shareholder value creation utilizing accounting-based and economic-based performance measures. Shareholder value measured by EVA is created by larger companies with higher profitability, lower systematic risk and efficient asset management. MVA identifies increased shareholder value for larger firms and higher profitability. MVA also pinpoints enhanced investor value by firms with lower liquidity ratios which invest less in research and development (R&D). EPS achieved different results from EVA and MVA, indicating that according to accounting-based measures, companies add value through lower profitability (measured by return on investment), efficient asset management and a higher risk profile. Understanding the effect of firm-specific attributes on shareholder value creation can assist managers in developing strategies and decision-making.
Effects of temperature, strain and strain rate on shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane processed by injection molding
Authors: Coccia Mattia , Farotti Emanuele , Chiappini Gianluca , Bellezze Tiziano , Sasso Marco
Published: September 2022

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) represent a materials class capable of recovering their initial shape, when submitted to deformations, through an external stimulus. This paper focuses on a Shape Memory Thermoplastic Polyurethane (SMPU), characterized by a one-way shape memory effect (SME) activated by temperature. The material was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to find transition temperature; then, it was manufactured by an injection molding machine to perform a campaign of characterization tests. Thermomechanical tests were conducted varying the prescribed strain (up to 25%, 50%, and 80%), imposed at both different strain rates ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] s−1), and temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C); the results were investigated in terms of shape fixity and shape recovery ratios. An excellent memory capability was observed for all the tested conditions; otherwise, the shape recoverability is strongly influenced by all investigated parameters, especially by the strain rate, resulted to be the most effective one. In fact, the shape recovery ratio can increase as much as 20%, when the strain rate is increased from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] s−1. An opposite effect was observed with the variation of prescribed strain and temperature, the increase of which reduces the ability of the material to return to its original shape.
Teacher-Reported Classroom Strategies and Techniques for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Paisley Courtney A. , Eldred Sophia W. , Cawley Ashley , Tomeny Theodore S.
Published: September 2022

Teachers’ training in and knowledge of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)–specific evidence-based practices (EBPs) vary widely. While researchers continue to develop and disseminate evidence-based interventions, the research-to-practice gap between these interventions and implementation within school settings remains an ongoing challenge. This study examined qualitative responses from teachers regarding their knowledge of ASD-specific EBPs and the strategies used in their own classrooms. Results found that about a quarter of the sample of teachers surveyed correctly identified at least one ASD-specific EBP and reported using at least one ASD-specific EBP in their classrooms. While just more than half of a subsample of teachers reported using at least one ASD-specific EBP in their classrooms, just less than half accurately identified and categorized these practices as such. These findings highlight gaps and discrepancies in teachers’ reported knowledge and application of ASD-specific EBPs and point to the importance of continued education to increase evidence-based classroom practices.
Flight-to-nowhere service: Investigating factors influencing the repurchase intention
Authors: Kökény László , Jászberényi Melinda , Syahrivar Jhanghiz , Kökény Levente
Published: September 2022

Revenge vacation, or an individual’s strong desire to go on vacation to make up for missed opportunities to travel and escape the stresses of daily life, can take the form of purchasing a flight-to-nowhere service. Although the COVID-19 pandemic is not over, travel restrictions are gradually being relaxed, emphasising the need to investigate the long-term viability of this unique service. This research aims to investigate factors influencing the repurchase intention of the flight-to-nowhere service. Four variables of interest have been identified in this research, namely escapism, aesthetics, temporal illusion and repurchase intention. Purposive sampling yields 126 passengers of flight-to-nowhere service. To analyse the data, this research employs Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using SPSS and AMOS software. The results suggest that escapism and aesthetics are positive predictors of repurchase intention. Meanwhile, temporal illusion moderates the relationship between aesthetics and repurchase intention, such that high temporal illusion (vs low) weakens the relationship between the two variables. Practical suggestions and future research opportunities are detailed at the end of the paper.
Effect of the unbalanced magnetic pull force and oil-film force on nonlinearity of a dual-rotor bearing system
Authors: Ma Chenyuan , Zhao Daoli , Liao Weili , Sun Weipeng , Guo Pengcheng , Xu Yanhe
Published: September 2022

Turbogenerator sets, the indispensible rotating machinery in thermal power plants, can be simplified into a dual-rotor bearing system. In this case, its nonlinear phenomenon largely results from the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) and the nonlinear oil film forces, which, however, are not well understood. In this study, a mathematical model for a dual-rotor bearing system is established, the effects of the UMP and the oil-film forces on its nonlinear phenomenon are investigated creatively. Of which, the UMP force is initially calculated by the integration of the air-magnetic energy, and the short journal bearing assumption is employed to derive the oil-film force. The fitness of the developed model is validated through the stability experiments of a 660 MW turbogenerator set. Results indicate that in the idling condition, nonlinear phenomenon of the system can be described as the period-1 and quasi-periodic motions as the rotational speed rises. At low speeds, the amplitude of oil whirl appears. With the rising rotational speed, the oil whirl turns into oil whip in the second quasi-periodic. Interestingly, the electromagnetic force can greatly alleviate the system amplitude and enhance its stability considering the UMP force. The nonlinear effect of air-gap distance of the system under load conditions is also investigated. The system is still in the quasi-periodic state with the increasing air-gap distance at low/high speed. But the system is still unstable owing to oil whirl/whip and UMP force, causing the system experiences multiple states and becomes more stable at the intermediate speed.
Effects of hole perpendicularity error on fatigue behaviors of CFRP single-lap single-bolt joints
Authors: Sun Jiahao , Qiu Jianping , Qi Zhenchao , Chen Wenliang , Tian Wei , Liao Wenhe
Published: September 2022

The perpendicularity error of the holes is prone to occur in the process of manual hole making or robot hole making, which leaves a safety hazard for the composite structure. In this study, the fatigue tests are carried out on the Carbon Fibre-reinforced Polymer (CFRP) single-lap single-bolt joints and effects of the perpendicularity error on the fatigue behaviors are studied. By combining the permanent displacement and stiffness of the joints, the evolution of fatigue damage is analyzed. The results show that the perpendicularity error causes stress concentration and hole fastener clearance near the hole entrance under the preload. The perpendicularity error in the 0° direction will greatly reduce the high-cycle fatigue and the impact on the low-cycle fatigue is relatively small, while the error in the 180° direction is just the opposite. The fatigue life is negatively correlated with the angle of the perpendicularity error. The effect of perpendicularity error in 0° direction on the fatigue damage evolution is to speed up the accumulation of damage, while the effect of error in 180° direction is mainly to cause more damage in the early stage of cyclic loading. The effect of perpendicularity error on the stiffness during fatigue loading is relatively insignificant.
Retrospective Multicenter Comparison Between Viabahn Covered Stent-Grafts and Supera Interwoven Nitinol Stents for Endovascular Treatment in Severely Calcified Femoropopliteal Artery Disease: The ARMADILLO Study (Adjusted Retrospective coMparison of scAffolDs In caLcified LesiOns)
Authors: Horie Kazunori , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Nakama Tatsuya , Tanaka Akiko , Tobita Kazuki , Hayakawa Naoki , Mori Shinsuke , Iwata Yo , Suzuki Kenji
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The previous single-arm registries showed the acceptable primary patency after endovascular therapy (EVT) using covered stent-graft (CSG) and Supera interwoven nitinol stent (Supera peripheral stent [SPS]) in calcified femoropopliteal lesions. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy between CSG and SPS in calcified femoropopliteal lesions in clinical practice.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 341 cases who had Rutherford class 2 to 6 peripheral artery disease and underwent EVT with either CSG (n=137) or SPS (n=204) for femoropopliteal lesions with bilateral calcification in fluoroscopic image, based on the Peripheral Arterial Calcium Scoring System (PACSS) classification, between April 2017 and February 2021 at 7 cardiovascular centers in Japan.

Results:

After propensity score (PS) matching, the final study population consisted of 150 matched patients with no remarkable intergroup difference in baseline characteristics. The primary patency at 1 year was not statistically different between CSG and SPS groups (81.4% vs 71.2%, p=0.32). There was also no significant difference in freedom from target lesion revascularization (82.8% vs 77.6%, p=0.28) and overall survival rate (88.6% vs 87.2%, p=0.81). The stratification analysis demonstrated that advanced age, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, and PACSS grade 4 had a significant interaction on the association of CSG versus SPS implantation with restenosis (interaction p<0.05).

Conclusions:

In patients with bilaterally calcified femoropopliteal lesions, 1-year primary patency was not significantly different between treatments using CSG and SPS after the PS matching.

Clinical Impact

Covered stent-graft (CSG) and Supera interwoven nitinol stent (SPS) are reliable endovascular devices in calcified femoropopliteal lesions. This retrospective multicenter study compared the clinical outcomes between the two devices. After propensity score matching, 150 matched patients with no remarkable intergroup difference in baseline characteristics. The primary patency at 1 year was not statistically different between the CSG and SPS group (81.4% vs. 71.2%, p=0.32). There was also no significant difference in freedom from target lesion revascularization (82.8% vs. 77.6%, p=0.28) and overall survival rate (88.6% vs 87.2%, p=0.81). The two devices showed the similar efficacy in calcified femoropopliteal lesions.
Evaluation of Robotic-Assisted Carotid Artery Stenting in a Virtual Model Using Motion-Based Performance Metrics
Authors: Legeza Peter T. , Lettenberger Ahalya B. , Murali Barathwaj , Johnson Lianne R. , Berczeli Marton , Byrne Michael D. , Britz Gavin , O’Malley Marcia K. , Lumsden Alan B
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Robotic-assisted carotid artery stenting (CAS) cases have been demonstrated with promising results. However, no quantitative measurements have been made to compare manual with robotic-assisted CAS. This study aims to quantify surgical performance using tool tip kinematic data and metrics of precision during CAS with manual and robotic control in an ex vivo model.

Materials and Methods:

Transfemoral CAS cases were performed in a high-fidelity endovascular simulator. Participants completed cases with manual and robotic techniques in 2 different carotid anatomies in random order. C-arm angulations, table position, and endovascular devices were standardized. Endovascular tool tip kinematic data were extracted. We calculated the spectral arc length (SPARC), average velocity, and idle time during navigation in the common carotid artery and lesion crossing. Procedural time, fluoroscopy time, movements of the deployed filter wire, precision of stent, and balloon positioning were recorded. Data were analyzed and compared between the 2 modalities.

Results:

Ten participants performed 40 CAS cases with a procedural success of 100% and 0% residual stenosis. The median procedural time was significantly higher during the robotic-assisted cases (seconds, median [interquartile range, IQR]: 128 [49.5] and 161.5 [62.5], p=0.02). Fluoroscopy time differed significantly between manual and robotic-assisted procedures (seconds, median [IQR]: 81.5 [32] and 98.5 [39.5], p=0.1). Movement of the deployed filter wire did not show significant difference between manual and robotic interventions (mm, median [IQR]: 13 [10.5] and 12.5 [11], p=0.5). The postdilation balloon exceeded the margin of the stent with a median of 2 [1] mm in both groups. Navigation with robotic assistance showed significantly lower SPARC values (–5.78±3.14 and –8.63±3.98, p=0.04) and higher idle time values (8.92±8.71 and 3.47±3.9, p=0.02) than those performed manually.

Conclusions:

Robotic-assisted and manual CAS cases are comparable in the precision of stent and balloon positioning. Navigation in the carotid artery is associated with smoother motion and higher idle time values. These findings highlight the accuracy and the motion stabilizing capability of the endovascular robotic system.

Clinical Impact

Robotic assistance in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease is an emerging field and may be a tool for radiation protection and the geographic distribution of endovascular interventions in the future. This preclinical study compares the characteristics of manual and robotic-assisted carotid stenting (CAS). Our results highlight, that robotic-assisted CAS is associated with precise navigation and device positioning, and smoother navigation compared to manual CAS.
Developing an in-Line method to improve mechanical and flame retardancy performance of polyethylene fiber
Authors: Gunaydin Beyzanur , Seyhan Aybeniz , Polat Yusuf , Kilic Ali , Demir Ali , Ureyen Mustafa Erdem , Avci Huseyin
Published: September 2022

Polyethylene (PE) has high flammability and can be quickly burned under atmospheric conditions without leaving any residues. This study presents PE fibers produced by a novel modified melt spinning line to enhance mechanical and flame retardancy properties. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray, thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, micro combustion calorimeter and tensile tests were performed to reveal morphological, thermal and mechanical characteristics of the fibers. An organic phosphorus additive was used to provide flame retardancy in addition to mechanical performance in one-step production. Subsequently, the produced fibers were subjected to the hot drawing, increasing modulus values from 135 MPa to 2.8 GPa. In addition, phosphorus-treated fibers exhibited a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 21.5, leaving some residue at 600°C. Furthermore, a decrease in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) was observed in all samples compared to the control sample for the micro combustion calorimeter (MCC) test. Looking at the decrease in heat release (HR), the best result belongs to zone II with 50 and 95°C produced at 1000 m/min take-up speed for the samples. Moreover, about 23%, 23%, and 18% decreases were observed in HR capacity, pHRR, and total HR values, respectively. The modified spinning system is capable of continuous production of flame retardant linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) fibers, which can find widespread applications in aviation, automotive, and defense industries.