bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Corrosion Inhibiting Admixture and Supplementary Cementitious Material on Early Strength Concrete
Authors: Reddy Panga Narasimha , Vijay Kunamineni , Kavyatheja Bode Venkata , Reddy G. Gautham Kishore , Reddy Avuthu Narender , Kumar A. Uday
Published: April 2024

This research aimed to evaluate the influence of alccofine on a mineral admixture and sodium nitrite as a corrosion inhibitor on the properties of concrete. To achieve these aims, an experimental investigation was carried out on a set of composite samples comprising five distinct concrete formulations. Five different mixes for the concrete were used as the overlay materials such as NC as a reference concrete, alccofine concrete (i.e. 25% cement replaced with alccofine), and alccofine concrete with varying dosages of sodium nitrite (i.e. 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%). Corrosion properties of the concrete samples were examined using open circuit potentials and linear polarization resistance of various concrete mixes after being immersed in 1M H2SO4 and 3% NaCl environment. The findings indicated a notable improvement in the corrosion resistance, water absorption test, thermal conductivity, strength properties, and microstructural properties of concrete with the incorporation of SN in combination with alccofine. The application of the response surface method allowed for the prediction, validation, and optimization of experimental data using a regression equation.
The Effect of Psychedelics on Individuals with a Personality Disorder: Results from two Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Gordon Alexandra R. , Carrithers Brennan M. , Pagni Broc A. , Kettner Hannes , Marrocu Alessia , Nayak Sandeep , Weiss Brandon J. , Carhart-Harris Robin L. , Roberts Daniel E. , Zeifman Richard J.
Published: April 2024

Background: Personality disorders (PDs) are characterized by impairments in psychological functioning for which pharmacologic treatments have demonstrated limited efficacy. Psychedelics may offer a potential PD treatment, given support for their potential enduring positive effects on psychological functioning. However, little is known about the safety or therapeutic effects of psychedelics among individuals with a PD. Therefore, we examined the effects of psychedelic use on mental health among individuals with a PD.
Methods: Study 1 included three prospective observational studies where 21 individuals with a PD diagnosis completed mental health measures (depressive symptoms, anxiety, and suicidal ideation [SI]) before, 2 weeks (except SI), and 4 weeks after psychedelic use. Study 2 was a prospective observational study in which 55 individuals with a PD diagnosis completed mental health measures (anxiety, depressive symptoms, cognitive flexibility, expressive suppression, and cognitive reappraisal) before, 2-4 weeks, and 2-3 months after psychedelic use.
Results: In Study 1, elevations in SI were rare (6.67%) with no elevations to high risk of suicidal behavior post-psychedelic use. All participants with high baseline risk of suicidal behavior (6.67%) were at low-risk post-psychedelic use. SI reduced at 4 weeks (Hedges’ g=0.52). There were several cases of increased anxiety (Study 1: 13.6%-25.0%; Study 2: 16.3%-11.5%) and clinically significant worsening of depression symptoms (Study 1: 14.3%-14.2%; Study 2: 10.0%-8.0%). Across both studies, psychedelic use was associated with reductions in anxiety (Study 1: g=-.46–-.57; Study 2 g=-.52–-.89) and depression (Study 1 g=-.54–-0.59; Study 2 rs= .52–.57) . In Study 2, there were transient increases in cognitive flexibility at 2-4 weeks (g=.26) and sustained increases in cognitive reappraisal up to 2-3 months (g=.36). Increases in cognitive reappraisal were associated with reductions in anxiety (r=.33) and depression (rs=.37).
Conclusion: For individuals with PD, psychedelic use was associated with improvements in psychological functioning. There were no clinically significant elevations in SI and several cases of elevations in anxiety and depression severity. The studies are limited by a small sample size, self-reported data, and lack of differentiation between PDs. Further research should explore the safety and potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics among individuals with PD.
The application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer affected maize yield by regulating soil microbial diversity
Authors: Meng tiantian , Shi Jingjing , Zhang Xiangqian , Zhao Xiaoqing , Zhang Dejian , Chen Liyu , Lu Zhanyuan , Cheng Yuchen , Hao Yonghe , Wang Yu
Published: April 2024

In agro-pastoral interleaved zones, determining the appropriate rate of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer application is crucial in understanding the interplay in soil microbial community structure, network complexity, crop yield, as well as regional ecological security. Building upon a positioning experiment conducted previously, this study investigates six different gradients (N0, N8, N12, N16, N20 and N24) of nitrogen fertilizers, The results revealed that ALPT, NO3−-N and pH were the primary factors influencing the composition of bacterial communities.MBC, ALPT, and HR played a significant role in shaping fungal community composition. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Myxomycota were identified as the dominant bacterial phyla affecting yield, while Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota were the key fungal phyla involved. Application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer led to an increase in Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota abundance in both rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota relative abundances exhibited spatial variations. Nitrogen improved soil physical and chemical properties ss and regulated microbial community composition, which effectively enhanced maize yield. Nitrogen fertilizer reduced bacterial network complexity but enhanced fungal network complexity and stability. It not only simplified the bacterial network but also enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria. This led to increased microbial activity, resulting in enhanced crop yields.
Whispers in the snow: unveiling the spatio-temporal snow leopard (Panthera uncia) territorial marking and cub observations for conservation in Baltistan
Authors: Zaman Muhammad , Jackson Rodney , Hussain Shafqat
Published: April 2024

Breeding and intraspecific communication are crucial for the behavioral ecology of solitary carnivores. studying communication behaviors and observing cubs in their natural habitat pose challenges. During a seven-year research project (2015–2022) in northern Pakistan, thirty-two motion-triggered cameras were strategically placed to capture leopard behaviors. The study documented a total of 103 leopard events, with 40 occurrences in snowy conditions and 63 in snow-free areas. Nine unique communication behaviors were identified and the cameras recorded ten videos showing leopard cubs with their mother.The study revealed that snow leopards were more active in marking behaviors in snow-free areas at night and less active when snow was present. Crepuscular activities had the highest frequency with snow, while daytime, nocturnal activities had lower values. Snow leopards exhibited more marking activities in open areas and less in mixed herbaceous and shrub habitats. Daytime marking peaked in the evening with snow and at midnight without snow. Olfaction and scraping were more common in open land, while fecal deposition was frequently seen in mixed herbaceous and shrub habitats. Scraping and urine spraying were associated with cliffs and rock outcrops/boulders in open areas. Snow leopards tended to avoid scrape marks in snowy conditions, preferring urine spraying or olfaction behaviors. However, in snowless areas, leopards preferred scraping and urine marking. The study also documented ten videos of a female with cubs across various study sites. These behaviors, similar to those of other solitary felids, help understand communication behaviors among different species of solitary felids in different environmental conditions
RETRACTED: Jackfruit Waste Beyond Disposal: Alternatives for Use as a Source of Biomolecules and Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Gomes Gabriela Contesa , Pereira Milene Stefani , Fleuri Luciana
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Efficacy of rituximab, tacrolimus and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy and its influencing factors: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jin Yan , Jiang Jun , Lan Lei , Ren Wei
Published: April 2024

Backround To investigate the efficacy of rituximab, tacrolimus, and cyclophosphamide on idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and the related factors for efficacy.
Methods A total of 117 patients diagnosed with IMN by renal biopsy or positive anti-phospholipase antibody from January 2018 to December 2022, tacrolimus, cyclophosphamide, or rituximab were selected as initial immunotherapy. The remission of proteinuria and infection were followed up. Survival analysis was used to explore the difference in the remission rate of proteinuria among the three groups, and Cox regression model was used to explore the risk factors of IMN treatment effect, and the difference in infection among the three groups was compared.
ResultsAmong the 117 IMN patients, tacrolimus, cyclophosphamide and rituximab were selected for initial immunotherapy in 32, 63, and 22 patients, respectively.In the tacrolimus group, the total response rate of proteinuria at 6 months was 84.4%, the median response time was 3 months, and the complete response rate of proteinuria was 44.4%. The total remission rate of proteinuria was 82.5%, the median remission time was 5 months, and the complete remission rate of proteinuria was 40.9% in the cyclophosphamide group. The total remission rate of proteinuria at 6 months in the rituximab group was 72.7%, the median response time was 6 months, and the complete response rate of proteinuria was 42.9%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that: In the first 6 months of initial treatment, the regimen affected on total renal response(HR=0.67, 95%CI 0.48-0.93, P= 0.02), and TAC had a better effect than RTX (HR=2.14, 95%CI 1.01-4.19, P=0.03). There was no difference between CTX and RTX. Serum albumin level at immunotherapy had a statistical effect on total renal response (HR=1.05, 95%CI 1.00-1.09, P = 0.04), and patients with serum albumin > 20g/L at immunotherapy had a better overall renal response rate.
Conclusion The therapeutic effect of IMN was affected by the treatment regimen and the onset of serum albumin. Tacrolimus had a better effect than rituximab, and there was no difference between tacrolimus and cyclophosphamide. There was no difference in infection among the three groups.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 mediated Caspase-8 Affects Cognitive Impairment in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wang XinYi , Chen Li , Wang Ke , Chen Yue , He Zhi , Cheng XianWu , Jiang Haiying
Published: April 2024

To investigate the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) on cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the present study used seven-week-old male C57BL/6J and DPP4 knockout mice. The AD model was induced by microinjection of Aβ25−35 into the lateral ventricle. Morris water maze test showed that DPP4 knockout significantly improved the spatial learning and memory abilitoes of AD mice. Western blot results showed that DPP4 knockout increased the expression levels of BDNF, CREB and Bcl-2 in the hippocampus of AD mice while the expression levels of Caspase-8, pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, 1L-18, 1L-1β and apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3 and Bax were decreased. Similar results were observed after HT22 neurons were treated with Aβ25−35 and DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin (Sit). Moreover, the treatment with Caspase-8 inhibitor (Z-LETD-FMK) showed that the inhibition of Caspase-8 inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the AD model cells, but had no further inhibitory effect under the treatment of Sit. Our results suggests that DPP4 knockout may ameliorate learning and memory dysfunction in AD model mice by regulating pyroptosis and apoptosis pathways through Caspase-8.
Engaging Latinx students in scientific inquiry and metacognition through an interdisciplinary summer program
Authors: Chapman Angela , Ganesan Uma , Almanza Mario , Garcia Lluvia , Gomez Yailen , Amaro Isabel
Published: April 2024

Informal learning experiences can provide PK-12 students with the opportunity to enhance their learning of, attitudes toward, and interest in STEM. This study explored the impact of informal STEM learning experiences on Latinx high school students. Through an authentic STEM program, we investigated how students' science and engineering skills, practices, and knowledge were influenced, as well as their attitudes and interest in STEM. Additionally, we examined the transferability of their learning from informal to formal educational settings. Our findings indicated that this innovative approach enhanced student learning of science and engineering practices, positively shaped their attitudes toward STEM, and facilitated metacognitive transfer to formal learning environments.
Comparison of safety of general anesthesia and intravenous sedation during third-molar extraction surgery: a retrospective study of 1,260 cases
Authors: Park Se-Ung , Kim Taewoo , Do Jiwon , Cho Mincheul , An Jung-Sub , Karm Myong-Hwan
Published: April 2024

This study compared the safety of general anesthesia (GA) and intravenous sedation (IVS) in patients who underwent extraction of one or more third molars. Data from 1,260 patients (GA group, n = 1,043; IVS group, n = 217) were retrospectively analyzed, including demographics, preoperative data, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation level), and medications administered intraoperatively and postoperatively. The incidence of intraoperative circulatory variations, surgery and anesthesia durations, postoperative complications, and medication use were assessed and compared. The GA group had longer anesthesia and surgery durations, a higher incidence of hypotension, and a higher frequency of postoperative analgesic use than the IVS group. Dexmedetomidine was the most frequently used sedative agent. The IVS group had a lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension but they had a higher need for vasopressors in the recovery room. Both anesthesia methods maintained satisfactory oxygen saturation levels and sufficient anesthesia throughout the procedure, but they showed different characteristics regarding the duration of surgery and anesthesia duration, hemodynamic stability, and postoperative analgesic needs. IVS may be preferable for patients at risk of cardiovascular complications such as hypotension or tachycardia during surgery.
A parsimonious model explaining patterns in the Covid-19 event
Authors: Krall Peter , Krall Christoph
Published: April 2024

A model is presented that brings together two apparently conflicting observations: There were transitions from peaks of activity to prolonged periods of fluctuation in relatively narrow bands, indicating strong constraints for possible transmission paths; yet, mutant strains could replace wild-types rapidly, indicating that there were enough transmission paths from the mutant index cases to the nodes in the contact chains from active wild-type cases to block the transmission. It is shown that this is explainable if the spread was driven and modulated by spread in open reservoirs, such as hospitals, where prevalence could persist because there was continuous admission of susceptible individuals while the duration of stay was sufficient to support transmission chains, and where strains competed for the resource of susceptible admissions. Furthermore, strong segmentation of the general community allowed multiplication of the nosocomial cases without supporting long transmission chains outside hospitals which would have kept the wild type in the population.
Two-layer Optimization of Distribution Network with Distributed Power Supply and Energy Storage Based on Improved Whale Algorithm
Authors: MA Xiping , LI Yaxin , DONG Xiaoyang , XU Rui , WEI Kai , CAI Juanjuan
Published: April 2024

The integration of distributed generator (DG) causes the change of the topology and power flow distribution of the distribution network, which leads to the change of line loss. Moreover, the existing methods of line loss optimization in distribution network have some problems, such as high computational complexity, low efficiency, and local optimality༎Therefore, a two-layer optimal configuration model of distribution network is constructed. The upper model determines the installation location and capacity of distributed power supply and energy storage by using the lowest economic cost of the system. The lower model establishes the optimal configuration model of wind-solar and storage integration by taking the active power network loss and voltage deviation as the objective function. Besides, the Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (IWOA) was used to solve the optimization result in the upper and lower layers’ model. Based on the IEEE-33 node power distribution system, a simulation is conducted and the effectiveness and superiority of the model and algorithm are verified.
Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst: a rare case report
Authors: Fan Yufeng , Zhu Xiaogang , Wang Rongjin , Yang Weigang , Ji Xiaoliang , Zhuang Mingdong , Jiang Ming , Hu Yun
Published: April 2024

Background
Although abdominal cysts are frequently observed, retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts (RBCs) are rare. We encountered a patient with RBC who underwent a series of examinations and surgical resections and was followed up for 5 years.
Case presentation
A 31-year-old woman presented to our center with abdominal trauma. Transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) inadvertently revealed a cystic lesion in the left upper quadrant, and computed tomography (CT) revealed a large homogeneous fluid-density lesion, which was tentatively diagnosed as a cystic teratoma. Neither ultrasound nor CT showed signs of abdominal organ damage. The patient underwent laparoscopic resection, and the lesion was removed entirely. The histopathology diagnosis was RBC.
Conclusions
Retroperitoneal bronchial cysts are rare and usually clinically asymptomatic. Although rare, retroperitoneal bronchial cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with abdominal cystic masses. Imaging examinations, such as ultrasound and CT, are the main ways to detect the disease. Laparoscopyis a feasible and safe treatment for RBCs.
Factors associated with extrapyramidal side effects of first-generation antipsychotics: a cross- sectional study in Ugandan tertiary hospitals
Authors: Kalume Augustin Kensale , Kirabira Joseph , Luwede Betijuma , Forry Jim Ben , Muhumuza Joshua , Kumbowi Patrick , Musafiri Lionel Simba , Inena Gaylord , Nitunga David , Rukundo Zari , Kasujja Musa , Akaba Kingsley , Nmaeka Abamara , Afolabi Bushura
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) are a significant concern in the treatment of psychiatric disorders with first generation antipsychotic medications. They reduce the adherence to drugs, impairing the quality of life and are related to relapse. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, patterns of presentation and factors associated with EPS among patients receiving first generation antipsychotics at two teaching hospitals in Uganda. Understanding these aspects can help improve the clinical management and quality of life for individuals receiving this treatment
Methods
This study utilized a cross-sectional hospital based design involving 385 patients diagnosed with various psychiatric disorders and prescribed first generation antipsychotics at Kampala International University hospital (KIU-TH) and Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (JRRH) in Uganda. Data were collected through structured interviews, medical chart reviews and validated EPS Rating scales.
Results
The study revealed a substantial prevalence of EPS among patients treated with first generation antipsychotics at two teaching hospitals. In this study, 54.5% (210/385) of participants presented with EPS while on FGAs in both psychiatric centers. Among 210, 90(23.4%) were from KIU-TH and 120(31.1%) were from JRRH. Common presentations of EPS included dystonia (17%), Parkinsonism (16.1%), dyskinesia (13%) and akathisia (6.5%). Factors associated with an increased risk of developing EPS included: Male gender: 82%, longer treatment duration was associated with a higher risk of EPS, Smoking: (75%) increased the risk of having EPS, Psychiatric diagnosis: Schizophrenia (54%) was associated with a higher risk of EPS.
Conclusion
The prevalence of extrapyramidal side effect among patient on first generation antipsychotic drugs was relatively high in KIU-TH and JRRH psychiatric unities. Dystonia, Parkinsonism, dyskinesia and akathisia were the common extrapyramidal side effects observed in the study. On the other hand, smoking, previous episodes of EPS, long standing on antipsychotics drugs and schizophrenia were the main factors significantly associated with occurrence of EPS. These insights contribute to improving the overall management and care of patients receiving first generation antipsychotic treatments in psychiatric settings
Distribution of phosphorus fractions and their relationships with physiochemical properties in the Agricultural soils of the Yamuna River region
Authors: Sheshu Mutyalu , Hasan Amreen , Thomas Tarence , David Arun Alfred , Bradawl Akshita , Khatana Raghu Nandan Singh
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To expand the research on soil phosphorus. Little is known about the concentrations of phosphorus fractions in the phosphorus-deficient area of the Yamuna River bank in Prayagraj. To overcome this gap, we suggest the exploitation of soil phosphorus fractions from soil samples in the study area.
Methods
We analysed 24 soil samples from four different depths at six different sites in agricultural fields around the Yamuna River. The samples were analysed, and different phosphorus fractions were sequentially extracted. UV spectrometry was subsequently used to analyse the individual P fractions.
Results
We found that P-deficient soils were neutral in pH and low in salinity. Among the P fractions, calcium-P was the most predominant, followed by Fe-P, S-P, Occl-P, Red-P, and Al-P. Overall, the available P, organic P, and total P decreased with increasing depth, whereas calcium P was significantly positively correlated with organic carbon (r = 0.55*) and available nitrogen (r = 0.55*) and significantly negatively correlated with clay (r = -0.32*), pH (r = -0.22*), and EC (r = -0.23*). However, the occurrence of P is a major contributing factor to the availability of P in soils.
Conclusion
Our regression equations showed that soil pH was the main soil property influencing the different P fractions. Applying organic P fertilizers can improve the quantity of P in these soils, and if enhanced analytical techniques are applied to soil samples, it is possible to gain more detailed insights into the dynamics of phosphorus fractions.
Optimization of Resource Allocation in 5G Networks: A Network Slicing Approach with Hybrid NOMA for Enhanced uRLLC and eMBB Coexistence
Authors: Shekhar Chandra , Singh Poonam
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces the optimization of resource allocation in fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks using network slicing and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) methods. Traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) and spectrum sharing methods struggle to provide the diverse Quality of Service (QoS) demands for Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (uRLLC), and Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) leading to suboptimal performance and service quality degradation. Single Carrier-NOMA (SC-NOMA) appears to be a more optimized solution. It can serve multiple users simultaneously on the same time-frequency resources. This approach offers both enhanced spectrum efficiency and meets the QoS requirements for the coexistence of eMBB, uRLLC, and mMTC. However, SC-NOMA has some drawbacks. Decoding a user's signal involves a complex process (Successive Interference Cancellation) that gets harder with more users, causing delays and errors. Additionally, strong user signals can interfere with weaker ones, limiting the number of users per channel. In order to overcome the drawbacks associated with OMA and SC-NOMA, this paper introduces a new method called user-paired NOMA (Hybrid NOMA). Hybrid NOMA adopts a strategic approach, employing two user pairing techniques: Near-Far/Far-Near (NF-FN) and Near-Near/Far-Far (NN-FF). NF-FN pairing prioritizes users with similar signal strengths but different distances from the base station. This minimizes interference for the weaker user during SIC. NN-FF pairing, on the other hand, groups users with similar signal strengths and proximity. This approach further simplifies SIC and minimizes potential interference altogether. The simulation results demonstrate trade-offs between eMBB and uRLLC performance. OMA suffers with dedicated resource allocation, while SC-NOMA balances performance but experiences interference. NN-FF prioritizes eMBB and offers best latency, while NF-FN prioritizes uRLLC with high spectral efficiency but suffers from higher latency. Finally, by providing a thorough grasp of how hybrid NOMA resource allocation works to improve the performance of various use cases, this research makes a significant contribution to the field of 5G spectrum optimization.
Applying machine learning to predict the risk of cancer cachexia in stage IV colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Wang Jing , Han Baojuan , Wang Kangjie , Xiang Yaoxian , Wu Lei , Yan Dong , Wang Li
Published: April 2024

Background: Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome affectingadvanced cancer patients, significantly impacting their survival and quality of life. This study utilized artificial intelligence machine learning (ML) methods to evaluate the risk of cachexia in stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients through clinical data, establishing a cachexia risk prediction model.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective collection of data from stage IV CRC patients consecutively visiting Luhe Hospital from January 2015 to December 2022. LASSO regression was employed on this cohort to identify diverse risk variables for CC. Four MLalgorithms, namely, logistic regression model, random forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting, and k-nearest neighbor algorithm, were employed to construct the predictive model. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Additionally, Shapley additive prediction (SHAP) values were utilized to elucidate the prediction model.
Results: Out of 219 stage IV CRC patients, 119 cases (54.34%) developed malignant fluid. Among the four ML models, the RF model exhibited the most robust predictive performance, achieving the highest AUC (0.768, 95% confidence interval: 0.706–0.831). The RF model demonstrated accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values of 0.744, 0.790, and 0.690, respectively. We employed SHAP correlation maps to explicate the influence of individual features on the output of RF prediction models.
Conclusions: The RF model offers superior predictions, enhancing clinicians' ability to screen for CC, assess patient prognosis, and make informed decisions on targeted CC in stage IV cancer patients.
Foregut structure and physiology of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), unveiled via synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography
Authors: Chansawang Napatson , Roddee Jariya , Pakawanit Phakkhananan , Borikul Nidchakan , Khangjoho Suchawadee
Published: April 2024

Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy is a non-destructive technology used in physiology or taxonomy for imaging and analysis. It has become an emerging and progressive technology in insect science. The structural details of these insects can be used as critical information on their interaction with virus pathogens. For example, the brown planthopper, (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens, Stål) is a devastating pest of rice plants, causing significant yield loss in East Asia. BPH plays a crucial role in transmitting rice-ragged stunt virus (RRSV), a pathogen from the Oryzavirus genus. In this study, we utilized synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy to investigate BPH's internal anatomy. This method could identify and characterize the internal structures in the mouthparts and foregut structures, such as the precibarium and food meatus, cibarium chamber, and diaphragm. Our findings highlighted the significance of the precibarium and cibarium in BPH feeding, shedding light on vector–pathogen interactions. Moreover, this study demonstrated the broader applications of advanced imaging and behavioral analysis techniques in entomology. This research contributed valuable knowledge to insect–vector interactions and has implications for crop protection and agriculture.
Beyond resection boundaries for glioblastoma patients: is “primum non nocere” a key factor for prognosis?
Authors: Cristofori Andrea , Rui Chiara Benedetta , Graziano Francesca , Ferlito Davide , Rebora Paola , Trezza Andrea , Chiarello Gaia , Stefanoni Giovanni , Re Fulvio Da , Julita Chiara , Basso Gianpaolo , Palumbo Giovanni , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Carrabba Giorgio , Giussani Carlo Giorgio
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Maximal resection has a pivotal role in the treatment of glioblastoma, prolonging both progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Increasingly, very few studies analyze the delicate equilibrium between maximal resection, clinical outcome and prognosis. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of neurological impairment on PFS, OS and access to adjuvant therapies.
Methods
this retrospective study encompassed patients operated for a GBM at Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori Monza (IT), from 2015 to 2023. Histological diagnosis was performed according to 2021 WHO 2021. Patients were more than 18 years old, with pre and postoperative MRI, who underwent surgery and adjuvant treatments at our institution.
Results
A total of 231 patients fulfilled the criteria. Patients with improvement or complete regression of preoperative deficit had higher rate of access to adjuvant therapies (p = 0.023). Patients with hemiparesis at discharge had the worst PFS (median 4.60 months), Vs patients with aphasia, (6.60 months) Vs 9.67 for patients with normal examination (p < 0.0001). Median OS was 19.30 months for patients with hemianopia Vs 7.73 for patients with hemiparesis and 14.03 months with aphasia (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
Hemianopia has no impact on patient’s prognosis, while hemiparesis and aphasia at discharge worsen both PFS and OS and prolong time-to-treatment. The “primum non nocere” principle must be the main policy: extend the resection at the cost of a minor deficit, preserve motor and language functions, encourage home cares for the most vulnerable patients.
Comprehensive analysis of an ATF/CREB family-based signature with regard to prognosis and immune feature in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Jia Yige , Wu Kan , Li Xiang , Zhu Yuchun , Liu Zhihong
Published: April 2024

Background
The ATF/CREB family members play important roles in tumourigenesis and immunity across various cancers. However, the expression patterns and clinical significance of ATF/CREB family members in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) remain unrevealed. This study aimed to investigate the gene expression profiles of ATF/CREB family members in ACC and develop a prognostic signature based on this family.
Methods
Utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we evaluated the expression levels of 21 ATF/CREB genes in ACC. A prognostic model was constructed using Lasso and Cox regression analyses, with the TCGA cohort as the training dataset, and further validated using an independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and ATF4 immunohistochemical data from 78 samples. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox analyses were performed to validate the accuracy of the prognostic model. Additionally, the relationship between the prognostic signature, immune checkpoints, and immune cell populations was examined.
Results
Our findings revealed that the ATF/CREB family-based signature significantly stratified ACC cases into high- and low-risk groups based on overall survival (OS) in the TCGA dataset. Furthermore, the signature remained an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analyses and its clinical significance was well validated in different clinical subgroups and independent validation cohorts. Notably, high-risk signature patients exhibited distinct immune cell proportions and immune-suppressive states. Additionally, the signature scores were negatively associated with multiple immunotherapy biomarkers.
Conclusions
This study presents the first ATF/CREB family-based model for predicting survival outcomes and immune landscapes for ACC patients. The prediction capability of this signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response warrants further validation.
FABP4 and S100A12, a notable link between inflammatory mediators and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: khoobbakht Fatemeh , Roghani Seyed Askar , Soufivand Parviz , Rostampour Rezvan , Shahrokhvand Seyedeh zahra , Taghadosi Mahdi , Shamsi Afsaneh
Published: April 2024

Background: 50% of the deaths of RA patients are due to cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation plays an important role in its pathogenesis. FABP4 and S100A12 are involved as inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of CVD. For the first time, in a recent study, we evaluated the association between FABP4 and S100A12 plasma concentrations with cardiovascular risk factors in RA patients.
Material and methods: 60 patients with RA (30 newly diagnosed and 30 under treatment) and 30 healthy individuals participated in this study with their personal consent. FABP4 and S100A12 plasma concentrations were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method. Using ADVIA 1800 Clinical Chemistry System based on latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric, HS-CRP concentration was calculated.
Results: The FABP4 plasma concentration was significantly elevated in the newly diagnosed and under-treatment RA patients compared to healthy subjects (P <0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). The plasma levels of S100A12 were remarkably higher in the new case compared to the control groups (P =0.001).There was a significantly positive association between the FABP4 and S100A12 with NT-proBNP(r =0.493, P < 0.001; r =0.445, P < 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: FABP4 and S100A12 correlate with cardiovascular biomarkers in RA patients.
Exploring Motor Skill Acquisition in Bimanual Coordination: Insights from Navigating a Novel Maze Task
Authors: Cienfuegos Miguel , Maycock Jonathan , Naceri Abdeldjallil , Tobias Düsterhus , Kõiva Risto , Schack Thomas , Ritter Helge
Published: April 2024

In this study, we introduce a novel maze task designed to investigate naturalistic motor learning in bimanual coordination. We developed and validated an extended set of movement primitives tailored to capture the full spectrum of scenarios encountered in a maze game. Over a three-day training period, we evaluated participants' performance using these primitives and a custom-developed software, enabling precise quantification of performance. Our methodology integrated the primitives with in-depth kinematic analyses and thorough thumb pressure assessments, charting the trajectory of participants' progression from novice to proficient stages. Results demonstrated consistent improvement in maze performance and significant adaptive changes in joint behaviors and strategic recalibrations in thumb pressure distribution. These findings highlight the central nervous system's adaptability in orchestrating sophisticated motor strategies and the crucial role of tactile feedback in precision tasks. The maze platform and setup emerge as a valuable foundation for future experiments, providing a tool for the exploration of motor learning and coordination dynamics. This research underscores the complexity of bimanual motor learning in naturalistic environments, enhancing our understanding of skill acquisition and task efficiency while emphasizing the necessity for further exploration and deeper investigation into these adaptive mechanisms.
Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Acacia glauca Leaves: A Promising Agent Targeting Virulent Genes of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Saleh Reem Mahdi , Hassan Omar Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, antibiotics are the only therapeutic agents against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Widespread antibiotic resistance poses a threat to the world. Several studies have attempted to test whether alternative agents acting alone or in synergy with antibiotics can overcome this problem. For many years, silver nanoparticles have demonstrated multi-level action targeting the physiological activities of bacteria. The study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles by the green method from Acacia glauca leaves stabilized by chitosan (Ch-AgNPs) and evaluate their effect against the expression of a set of quorum sensing and virulent genes in MDR S. aureus. Ch-AgNPs were characterized by physicochemical tests including UV, X-ray, FTIR, TEM, FESEM, XRD, and zeta potential. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was used to detect the antibacterial activity of Ch-AgNPs. After MIC treatment, the growth curve of S. aureus was plotted. The expression of genes (gyrb, AgrA, AgrB, RNAIII, mecA, rot, spa, hla, coa, and psm) was evaluated before and after exposure to Ch-AgNPs by quantitative real-time PCR. The dark brown color was the primary indicator of Ch-AgNPs formation. Ch-AgNPs showed absorption at 430 nm. The particles had a round and regular shape with an average size of 8 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles have a high degree of crystallinity, with thin peaks at 2θ° of 38.200 and 44.250. At +33 mV, the zeta potential confirmed high colloidal stability. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a high antibacterial effect with a MIC of 2.1 μg/mL, inhibiting the growth of S. aureus. All identified genes showed a significant decrease in their expression by RT-PCR after exposure to a subMIC of Ch-AgNPs, except for the gyrb gene, which is a housekeeping gene. Silver nanoparticles made from Acacia glauca leaves have the potential to be an effective antibacterial agent. They exert effects at a molecular level against the quorum sensing and virulence genes of MDR S. aureus.
Research on multi-objective Green Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem Method based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lu Yongxin , Yuan Yiping , Huang Shaohua , Sitahong Adilanmu , Chao Yongsheng , Wang Yunxuan , Li Yi
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes an effective algorithm framework based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve the multi-objective permutation flow shop scheduling problem (MOPFSP) with optimization objectives of maximum completion time and energy consumption, named DRL-MOPFSP. Firstly, the PFSP is modeled as a pointer network using the DRL-PFSP method and trained using Actor-Critic reinforcement learning to minimize the makespan. Subsequently, a neighborhood search method based on critical path is employed to further enhance the quality of solutions obtained by the DRL-PFSP algorithm. Additionally, an energy-saving strategy based on job setback is introduced to optimize the energy consumption objective. Finally, simulation and comparative experiments with classical multi-objective algorithms are conducted on 24 different-scale instances. The results demonstrate that the proposed DRL-MOPFSP algorithm exhibits fast solution speed, scalability without size limitations, and strong generalization ability.
Mendelian Randomization Study Reveals No Causal Link Between Periodontitis and Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Chen Yao , Huang Jianhuang , Zhou Quanming , Kang Yuanbao
Published: April 2024

Objective: Previous studies have suggested an association between periodontitis (PD) and intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, it remains unclear whether the association is causal. This study systematically investigated the potential genetic link between PD and IAs, including the formation and rupture of IAs.
Methods: This study utilized publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics data for a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The main statistical analysis method used was inverse variance weighting (IVW). The reliability of the results was verified through sensitivity analysis and assessment of the strength of genetic instrumental variables.
Results: There was no causal relationship between genetically determined PD and uIAs (OR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.89-1.17, P=0.76) or aSAH (OR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.85-1.08, P=0.50). In the reverse MR analysis, the increased risk of uIAs or SAH was not statistically significant for an increased risk of PD (uIAs: OR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.94-1.05, P=0.78; aSAH: OR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.96-1.09, P=0.51). The results from MR-Egger regression and weighted median method were consistent with the IVW method. Sensitivity analysis indicated that horizontal pleiotropy was unlikely to distort the causal estimates.
Conclusion:Our study does not support a causal relationship between PD and the formation or rupture of IAs, and vice versa.
Spatial-Temporal Variation and Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Service Values and Ecological Risks in Winter Cities: Evidence from Shenyang, China
Authors: Li Yang , Xie Hao
Published: April 2024

Ecosystems in winter cities are complex and fragile, experiencing significant changes due to climate variations and human construction activities. Assessing the ecological status and risk faced by these areas commonly involves using Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) and Ecological Risk Index (ERI). However, limited research has combined these two measures to reveal sptial-temporal trends in urban ecosystem conditions. This study utilizes land use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020 to construct ESV and ERI measurement models using the improved unit area value factor method and landscape pattern index method, respectively. By evaluating the regional and temporal differentiation features of ESV and ERI, in addition to their spatial association, the study identifies priority areas for urban ecological restoration and recommends rationalization solutions. The findings indicate: Between 2000 and 2020, Shenyang's total ESV decreased by 1.31%, from 273.97×108 CNY to 270.38×108 CNY. The ESV per unit area dropped from 21304.50 CNY/hm2 to 21025.33 CNY/hm2. The ecological risk to the study area has increased. The area of ERI high-value, higher-value, and medium-value zones remained relatively stable, while the area of low-value zones decreased by 12.78%, and the area of lower-value zones increased by 13.21%. There is a spatial correlation between ESV and ERI in winter cities. The H-H area is distributed in the northeastern hilly region, which exhibits strong ESV supply capacity while facing severe ecological risks, identifying it as a priority region to pursue ecological rehabilitation. These results offer theoretical justification for urban management and planning, guaranteeing the ecological security and sustainability of winter cities.
NANO.PTML Model for read-across prediction of nanosystems in neurosciences. Computational model and experimental case of study
Authors: He Shan , Nader Karam , Abarrategi Julen Segura , Bediaga Harbil , Nocedo-Mena Deyani , Ascencio Estefania , Casanola-Martin Gerardo M. , Castellanos-Rubio Idoia , Insausti Maite , Rasulev Bakhtiyor , Arrasate Sonia , González-Díaz Humberto
Published: April 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases involve progressive neuronal death. Traditional treatments often struggle due to solubility, bioavailability, and crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical field are garnering growing attention as neurodegenerative disease drugs (NDDs) carrier to the central nervous system. Here, a specific IFPTML technique was used, which combined Information Fusion (IF) + Perturbation Theory (PT) + Machine Learning (ML) to select the most promising NDDS and NP candidates and to address the few data in the literature. IF-process was carried out between 4403 NDDS assays and 260 cytotoxicity NP assays conducting a dataset of 500000 cases. The optimal IFPTML identified was the DT algorithm, demonstrating satisfactory performance with specificity values of 96.4% and 96.2%, and sensitivity values of 79.3% and 75.7% in the training (375k/75%) and validation (125k/25%) set. Moreover, the DT model obtained AUROC scores of 0.97 and 0.96 in the training and validation series, highlighting its effectiveness in classification tasks. On the other hand, two samples of NPs (Fe3O4_A and Fe3O4_B) were synthesized and structurally characterized by different methods. Additionally, in order to make the as-synthesized hydrophobic NPs (Fe3O4_A and Fe3O4_B) soluble in water the amphiphilic CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) molecule was employed. Therefore, to conduct a study with a wider range of NP system variants, an experimental illustrative simulation experiment was performed using the IFPTML-DT model. For this, a set of 500000 prediction dataset was created involving n(NP cores)=5 vs. n(cell lines) =53 vs. n(NP shapes) =5 vs. n(NP coats) =16 vs. n(drugs) =123. The outcome of this experiment highlighted certain NANO.PTML systems as promising candidates for further investigation. Specifically, the experiment revealed that the cell line Lycopersicon esculentum showed promise for ecotoxicity studies across various coating systems. In contrast, Danio rerio cell lines (embryos, juveniles, and adults) showed lower predictive values, suggesting less favorable candidates. MacGowan volume was notably relevant for CTAB, PS, and PEG as coating agents, excluding PVA. The NANO.PTML approach holds potential to accelerate experimental investigations and offer initial insights into various NP and NDDS compounds, serving as an efficient alternative to time-consuming trial-and-error procedures.