bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowering the Digital Generation:
Authors: Saptorini Sari , Purnamasari Citaning , Arifianto Yonatan Alex
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The digital generation, particularly Millennials and Gen Z, faces an identity crisis driven by the influence of digital culture, moral relativism, and a lack of strong spiritual foundations. This crisis results in weakened Christian values in daily life, posing challenges in forming a steadfast identity amid globalization. This study explores how biblical discipleship shapes a strong Christian identity and equips the digital generation to face modern cultural challenges. Using a descriptive qualitative approach based on a literature review, this research analyzes the concept of biblical discipleship and its relevance in shaping spirituality and strengthening the faith resilience of the digital generation. The findings indicate that biblical discipleship, rooted in the teachings and example of Christ, fosters confidence, reinforces identity as children of God, and develops Christian character. Relevant discipleship strategies for the digital era, including the use of digital technology and contextual approaches, are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of church ministry. Furthermore, digital literacy and creative content in communicating the Gospel to young generations play a crucial role in strengthening Christian identity.
 
Abstrak: Generasi digital, terutama Millennials dan Gen Z, menghadapi tantangan berupa krisis identitas yang dipicu oleh pengaruh budaya digital, relativisme moral, dan minimnya fondasi spiritual yang kuat. Krisis ini berakibat pada lemahnya nilai-nilai Kristiani dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sehingga memunculkan tantangan dalam membentuk identitas yang teguh di tengah arus globalisasi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana pemuridan berdasarkan Alkitab membentuk identitas Kristiani yang kuat dan membekali generasi digital menghadapi tantangan budaya modern.  Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif berbasis studi literatur, penelitian ini menganalisis konsep pemuridan Alkitabiah dan relevansinya dalam membentuk spiritualitas serta ketahanan iman generasi digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemuridan alkitabiah, yang didasarkan pada ajaran dan teladan Kristus, menumbuhkan rasa percaya diri, memperkuat identitas sebagai anak-anak Allah, dan mengembangkan karakter Kristen. Strategi pemuridan yang relevan untuk era digital, termasuk penggunaan teknologi digital dan pendekatan kontekstual, diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pelayanan gereja. Lebih lanjut, literasi digital dan konten kreatif dalam mengkomunikasikan Injil kepada generasi muda berperan penting dalam memperkuat identitas Kristiani.
Theologia Sistematika sebagai Bahan Khotbah bagi Pembinaan Warga Gereja
Authors: Nuban Eliazer , Banfatin Nahor , Adilang Ryanto
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Sermons need to be equipped with a strong foundation of the Word through systematic doctrine so that the preaching of God's Word can be conveyed and transform the faith of every believer. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine Systematic Theology is a discipline whose truth is systemized, structured, which comes from the teaching of the Bible which is the Word of God. Thus, if someone learns from the Bible regularly, it will have implications for the discovery of the truth about Christian doctrine which has an impact on the church to do systematic theology which can be integrated with preaching services, (Homiletics) for the development of church citizens. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with a literature study method where researchers review books and articles related to systematic theology and homiletics. The results of this study are expected to overcome the gap by making Systematic Theology through thematic aspects as preaching material so that the development of church members will run well because Systematic Theology comes from the Bible which is the Word of God. The implications of this research encourage preachers to preach systematically which has an impact on the congregation's transformative understanding of the Christian Faith.
Abstract: Khotbah perlu diperlengkapi dengan dasar Firman yang kuat melalui doktrin yang sistematis agar pemberitaan Firman Tuhan dapat tersampaikan serta mentransformasi iman setiap orang percaya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan artikel ini adalah mengkaji Theologi Sistematika merupakan disiplin ilmu yang kebenarannya tersistem, terstruktur, yang bersumber dari pada pengajaran Alkitab yang adalah Firman Allah. Dengan demikian jika seseorang belajar dari Alkitab secara teratur akan berimplikasi pada penemuan kebenaran terhadap doktrin Kristen yang berdampak kepada gereja untuk bertheologi secara sistematika yang dapat diintegrasikan dengan pelayanan berkhotbah bagi pembinaan warga gereja. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi literatur dimana peneliti mengkaji dari buku dan artikel terkait dengan teologi sistematika dan homiletika. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan untuk mengatasi kesenjangan dengan menjadikan Theologia Sistematika melalui aspek tematis sebagai bahan khotbah, agar pembinaan warga gereja akan berjalan dengan baik karena Theologia Sistematika bersumber dari Alkitab yang adalah Firman Allah. Implikasi dari penelitian ini mendorong pengkhotbah untuk berkhotbah secara sistematis yang berdampak pada pemahaman transformatif jemaat terhadap Iman Kristen.
Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Perspektif Teologi Sistematika:
Authors: Michael Lumanauw  , Wondal Max Ray
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Human Rights and Systematic Theology are two things that have a relationship because both of these fields are made and compiled by humans who are similar creations and in the image of God. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine human rights within the framework of Systematic Theology to create a significant discourse for human rights amid secularization that emphasizes humans without the intervention of the Sovereign God. The research approach is qualitative using the content analysis method where the researcher analyzes human rights historically and Systematic Theology analytically and theoretically. The result of the research in this paper is that systematic theology is a source of human rights knowledge because it explains the work of God as the Creator of human beings, and human actions that must have theological value, glorify God, and present the communion of love to enjoy God in human life. The conclusion is that human rights need to emphasize theological values and not secular values for human survival. This article provides the novelty that systematic theology is relevant for human rights and human rights must be reviewed based on systematic theology specifically through the doctrine of man and sin.
Abstrak: Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah menganalisis Hak Asasi Manusia dalam kerangka berpikir Teologi Sistematika agar melahirkan diskursus yang signifikan bagi HAM ditengah-tengah arus sekularisasi yang menekankan manusia tanpa intervensi Allah yang Berdaulat. HAM dan Teologi sistematika adalah dua hal yang memiliki relasi karena kedua bidang ini dibuat dan disusun oleh manusia yang adalah ciptaan yang serupa dan segambar dengan Allah. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis konten dimana peneliti melakukan analisis terkait HAM secara historik dan Teologi sistematika secara analitis teoretis. Adapun hasil penelitian dalam tulisan ini adalah Teologi sistematika merupakan sumber pengetahuan HAM karena menjelaskan karya Allah sebagai Pencipta manusia, dan tindakan manusia yang harus memiliki nilai teologis, memuliakan Allah, serta menghadirkan persektuan cinta kasih untuk menikmati Allah di dalam kehidupan manusia. Simpulan yang didapat adalah HAM perlu menekankan nilai-nilai teologis dan bukan nilai-nilai sekuler bagi keberlangsungan hidup manusia. Artikel ini memberikan implikasi kebaruan bahwa Teologi sistematika relevan bagi HAM serta HAM harus ditinjau berdasarkan Teologi sistematika secara khusus melalui doktrin manusia
The Impact Of Arabic-Translated Books On Arabic Language Learning In Sri Lanka
Authors: Mohideen HLM.
Published: February 2025

Translation is a critical conduit for cross-cultural communication, facilitating the exchange of ideas and knowledge across linguistic boundaries. By overcoming language barriers, translation grants individuals access to global scientific and literary resources, promoting international cooperation, mutual understanding, and sustainable development. In Sri Lanka, Muslim scholars have shown a marked interest in translating Arabic texts into local languages, driven by a desire to tap into the rich Arab cultural and scientific heritage and to extract this knowledge accessible to speakers of the island's native languages. The translation of these texts seeks to enrich the local culture and enhance education within Sri Lankan communities and aims to convey a correct understanding of Islam and its teachings, thereby promoting cooperation and coexistence in a society characterized by ethnic and religious diversity. Moreover, these translations play a significant role in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. This study investigates the role of translated Arabic texts in enhancing the language skills of Arabic learners in Sri Lanka, evaluates the impact of these translations on students' understanding of Arabic culture, and explores the challenges students face when learning Arabic through translated materials. The research employs descriptive and analytical methodologies, with data collected through a questionnaire administered via Google Forms to students studying Arabic at government universities in Sri Lanka. The findings indicate that students in Sri Lanka heavily depend on translated Arabic texts to learn the language, as these resources assist them in comprehending complex vocabulary and are regarded as reliable, with an accuracy rate of up to 97%. Translators employ various strategies to address translation challenges, interpreting these texts as valuable and appropriate for the student's needs. The study underscores the essential role of these translations in improving language proficiency among Arabic learners in Sri Lanka.
ATTITUDE OF HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS ONLINE EDUCATION
Authors:   M. Ed. Trainee, ABS Academy, West Bengal, India, Mahanty Moumita , Bera Moumita ,   Assistant Professor, ABS Academy, West Bengal, India
Published: February 2025

In the 21st century is the age of Information and Communication Technology and online education is an important part of ICT. At present, online education is being used all over the world for every level of education. Online education is a form of education where teaching learning takes place using the internet. It is also called E- Learning. Online education is no longer an innovation but has become the global norm to majority of the institution during this pandemic new normal. The objectives of the current study are: To identify the attitude of higher secondary school students towards online education concerning their class (xi and xii), stream of the study (general and vocational stream), and gender (male and female). For this study quantitative research method and descriptive survey research designed was used to measure relationship between hypothesis and to bring out information from the respondents. This study was conducted at 5 higher secondary government aided school located at Barabazar Block in Purulia district. The sample consist of 250 higher secondary school students. In this research study the researcher used simple random technique for selecting the sample size from the population and self- administrated questionnaire and Mean, S.D, and t-test was adopted for analysing student’s attitudes towards online education. Findings are obtained from the statistical analysis and interpretation. Present studied findings were there is no significance difference in attitude towards online education between class xi and xii, general and vocational stream and male and female higher secondary school students.
WORKPLACE VIOLENCE AMONG NURSES IN JORNIAN PUBLIC HOSPITAL
Authors: Banibakr Aed , Tashtoush Rami , Watfa Mohammed , Ayaad Omar
Published: February 2025

Background: Workplace violence(WPV) has become a serious global multifaceted alarming phenomenon that presents challenges to management. Workplace violence can have severe effects, not only on an individual's mental well-being but also on their professional life. Aim: The aim of this study is to ascertain the occurrence rate and impact of three different forms of workplace violence experienced by nurses employed in Jordanian public hospitals, to evaluate the extent to which three types of workplace violence are reported, as well as to identify the factors contributing to the underreporting of these incidents. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted, which involved randomly selecting 410 nurses from nine hospitals in three different regions of Jordan. To measure the variables, a modified and validated questionnaire was used. The response rate from 600 distributed questionnaires was 70.1 %. Results: The result of this study reveal that the verbal violence had the highest incidence (63.5%), followed by physical violence (36%), and the least common violence was sexual harassment (.005%). The nurses who experienced physical and sexual harassment reported that patients' relatives were the most frequent perpetrators of WPV. consequently, of WPV the nurses who encounter violence had a different level of anxiety. The most common causes for underreporting is ‘useless’. Conclusion: The policymakers and hospital administrators need to implement effective health policies and develop strategies to prevent violence against nurses; Further comprehensive research is required to investigate the underlying factors contributing to workplace violence.
Endocardite Infecciosa: Fatores de risco, patogênese, diagnóstico e avanços terapêuticos
Authors: Souza Eduardo Muniz de , Santos Jamis Souza dos , Terres Marco Antonio da Silva , Junior Francisco de Assis Costalonga , Mendoza Amilcar Roberto da Fonseca , Miranda Katia Gulminetti , Almeida Raul Quintão de , Kawano Felipe Yuji , Silva Mateus Trevisol Faleiros da , Lopes Ondrei Felipe de Araujo , Sampaio Francisco Leonardo de Araújo , Prochnow Nicolle de Oliveira , Scariote Larissa Dias , Miranda Gabriella Gulminetti , Ribeiro João Victor Benvenuti , Ferreira Uily Pinto , Lamb Iama Verdi
Published: February 2025

A endocardite infecciosa é uma condição grave caracterizada pela infecção do endocárdio, geralmente envolvendo as válvulas cardíacas. Causada principalmente por bactérias como Streptococcus viridans e Staphylococcus aureus, a doença pode resultar de bacteremia associada a procedimentos médicos, odontológicos ou ao uso de drogas injetáveis. Seu diagnóstico é desafiador, exigindo critérios clínicos, hemoculturas e exames de imagem, como a ecocardiografia. O tratamento envolve antibioticoterapia prolongada e, em casos graves, intervenção cirúrgica. Devido à sua alta morbimortalidade, a prevenção, especialmente em pacientes de risco, é fundamental. O avanço nas estratégias terapêuticas tem sido essencial para melhorar o prognóstico dos pacientes. Essa revisão de literatura foi realizada por meio de publicações científicas encontradas nos seguintes bancos de dados: Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Public Medline (PubMed), Portal de Periódicos CAPES e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), sem restrição de período. Foram também consultados os sites oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e a literatura cinzenta. A endocardite infecciosa é uma doença grave que requer diagnóstico precoce e tratamento eficaz para reduzir complicações e mortalidade. Avanços nas técnicas diagnósticas, como ecocardiografia e testes moleculares, têm melhorado a detecção. Novos antibióticos e estratégias cirúrgicas aumentam as chances de sucesso, especialmente em infecções por microrganismos resistentes. A prevenção, por meio da profilaxia antibiótica e controle de infecções, é essencial para reduzir a incidência. No entanto, desafios persistem, como resistência antimicrobiana e acesso a tratamentos avançados. Pesquisas contínuas e protocolos aprimorados são fundamentais para otimizar o manejo da doença e melhorar o prognóstico dos pacientes.
Smells like Teen Surveillance: Gang Databases and the Need for Enhanced Fourth Amendment Protection for Children
Authors: Ball Emilia
Published: February 2025

As they exist today, law enforcement’s gang databases inaccurately and disproportionately record information about young Black and Brown people. Often, the kind of information included exceeds what is allowed by federal regulation. This manner of policing and surveillance used to facilitate the creation of gang databases has been present since America’s founding. Young people and children are especially susceptible to these practices because of their incomplete psychological development, limited control over their own lives and whereabouts, and imbalanced power dynamics when interacting with adult police officers. Furthermore, in most jurisdictions, children and their families are not notified of their inclusion in a gang database. This is concerning because gang database inclusion can result in harsher treatment from police, bias in sentencing, and, in immigration proceedings where gang database inclusion can be admitted into evidence, deportation. This Note argues, however, that eliminating gang databases alone is not the solution. Law enforcement has historically adapted to such changes to achieve the same result: surveillance of young people of color. Thus, this Note argues that young people need procedural safeguards to protect them from the law enforcement stops that comprise the information in gang databases. To do this, this Note looks to learn from the largely failed procedural safeguards for youth under Miranda in order to develop a solution in the Fourth Amendment context that works to stop the cycle of surveillance of minors.
More than “Heartfelt Sympathy”: The Urgency of Immigration Reforms in Combating the New Child Labor Epidemic
Authors: Sailappan Deepti
Published: February 2025

Surging child labor violations incited the U.S. Department of Labor under President Joseph Biden’s administration to ramp up enforcement against corporations from poultry processors to fast food joints. Most minors working dangerous factory jobs, often overnight, are unaccompanied immigrant children from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, as the federal government has repeatedly acknowledged. This Note contends that prosecuting companies is toothless and insufficient to curb this practice, due to severe federal understaffing, paltry civil fines, and major manufacturers’ use of subcontractors to shield them from liability. Furthermore, merely imposing corporate fines ignores the immense and enduring financial pressures that unaccompanied immigrant children face. This Note argues that, given the inevitability of regional migration, the only ways to curb abusive child labor are to enable families to immigrate together and to afford immigrant children with a quicker path to legal stability. It proposes a litany of immigration reforms that would tackle this child labor epidemic at the root by fulfilling these objectives.
Exclusionary Expressive Conduct
Authors: Boso Luke
Published: February 2025

The First Amendment has become one of the most effective weapons in the conservative movement’s legal assault on progressive public policy and the regulatory state. Although the First Amendment safeguards speech, expressive association, and religious belief, exclusionary conduct is rapidly earning constitutional protection across doctrinal areas.
     This Article is the first to examine and critique the inconsistency and bias with which the Supreme Court has responded to expressive conduct claims in each doctrinal area through both a historical and contemporary lens. One theme across doctrinal areas is the Court’s selective use of deference—in evaluating claimants’ assertions regarding the expressive nature of their exclusionary conduct, the expressive nature of an association’s exclusionary policies, or the burden that compliance with civil rights laws would impose on their asserted associational message or religious exercise.
     The First Amendment should not be as manipulable as a tool for judges to handpick winners and losers based on favored or disfavored views reflected in the exclusionary expressive conduct, associational practices, or religious practices at issue. In the past, the Supreme Court laid the groundwork for an objective, evidence-based approach for assessing the expressive nature of conduct, the burden of compelled inclusion on an association’s exclusionary interests, and the burden legal compliance would impose on religious exercise. Lower court judges should revive this analytical tradition. The judiciary’s failure to perform that role today in cases primarily involving conservative First Amendment objections to civil rights statutes suggests an ideological agenda that erodes public trust, threatens democratic norms, and dismantles antidiscrimination law. It does not have to be this way.
Epidemiology and Projections of Childhood and Adolescent Disability in India: Findings from Census 2011
Authors:   Central Research and Publication Unit, Bharati Vidyapeeth (DU) Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India, Chutke Amruta , Pandit Manali , Guru Priyanka ,   Geneovate HealthTech LLP, Bengaluru, India
Published: February 2025

Background: There is limited data on the magnitude of disability in children and adolescents in India. The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of disability among children and adolescents over a decade (2001–2011), estimate standardized prevalence across different geographical regions, examine its correlation with the State Health Index (SHI), and project decadal estimates for India up to 2051.

Methods: Datasets from the 2001 and 2011 Censuses covering the total population and disability data were obtained, filtered for individuals under 20 years of age, and analyzed to determine age- and sex-specific prevalence rates. Disability rates for the state were standardized based on the country’s population. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression were used to determine the association between disability and SHI of states. Projections were calculated using an exponential growth rate model.

Results: Disability rate among children and adolescents under 20 years was 1667 and 1595 per 100,000 population in 2001 and 2011, respectively. The magnitude of children and adolescent with disability increased by 1.69% over the decade. The highest increase in disability magnitude over the decade was observed among children below 5 years of age being 7.62%. The prevalence was higher among boys and urban residents. Disability prevalence varied among states and was negatively associated with SHI. The projected estimates from this study suggested a rise in children with disability from 7.86 million in 2011 to 8.13 million in 2031, furthermore rising to 8.41 million in 2051.

Conclusion: The significant magnitude of disability among young children highlights the need for strategies addressing disability in child health policies. The regional disparities in disability rates highlight the need for tailored regional interventions. Moreover, the projected rise in disability prevalence, particularly among children below 5 years of age, signifies the importance of prevention, screening, diagnosis, and early intervention.
Advancements in Plant Proteomics and Metabolomics: Tools and Techniques
Authors:   Freelance Writer, Mumbai, India, Kajrolkar Amita
Published: February 2025

Advancements in plant proteomics and metabolomics have revolutionized our understanding of plant biology by providing comprehensive insights into molecular mechanisms governing growth, development, and stress responses. Proteomics enables large-scale protein profiling through advanced extraction techniques, mass spectrometry-based approaches, and bioinformatics tools, elucidating protein interactions and functions. Similarly, metabolomics explores metabolic pathways via cutting-edge separation techniques and mass spectrometry, offering crucial insights into plant metabolism and stress adaptation. Integrating these ‘omics’ approaches has facilitated discoveries in plant stress biology, crop improvement, and plant-microbe interactions. Despite challenges in data integration, coverage, and reproducibility, future developments, including artificial intelligence and multi-omics integration, promise to enhance plant science applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and environmental sustainability.
Advanced Persistent Threats and Blockchain Technology: Exploring the Potential of Decentralized Defense Mechanisms
Authors:   Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Ahmed Waqas
Published: February 2025

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) make up a significant cybersecurity challenge due to their ability to be stealthy and sophisticated and contain a long attack duration. These defenses typically do not work, especially traditional ones. This article explores the possible use of blockchain technology as a decentralized answer to combat APTs. Novel defense mechanisms are proposed by leveraging blockchain’s core features of decentralization, immutability, and transparency, including systems for decentralized threat intelligence sharing, secure access control, and automated response via smart contracts. It compares existing blockchain-based frameworks and shows their strengths, scalability challenges, and performance trade-offs. A conceptual decentralized defense framework is presented based on real-time detection and mitigation strategies. Finally, recommendations for integrating blockchain with existing security infrastructures and future research directions in decentralized cybersecurity are made.
Optimization of Litigant Entities and Institutional Adaptation in Personal Information Public Interest Litigation
Authors: Liu Liyuan
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of mobile Internet, the protection of personal information is becoming more and more serious. The actual rights and obligations between individuals as the most preventive subject in the Internet world and information users are gradually out of balance. From a technical point of view, compared with other subjects, individuals are faced with information infringement. Their ability to safeguard their rights is also relatively weak. In the long run, the right of citizens to protect personal information given by law may be useless. To this end, China issued the" Personal Information Protection Law" in 2021 to make structural provisions for personal information protection civil public interest litigation to cope with the increasingly severe situation of personal information protection. As a new form of public interest litigation, its system still needs to be improved.
Advocating for lymphedema: Awareness, action, and access
Authors: Joncas Anne-Marie
Published: February 2025

Lymphedema remains an often-overlooked chronic condition, with gaps in awareness, diagnosis, and access to structured care. This article explores strategic advocacy efforts to improve support at local, provincial, and national levels. It outlines key approaches, including public awareness campaigns, targeted engagement with healthcare professionals, and lobbying policymakers for systemic change. The article highlights the importance of collaboration with health organizations, grassroots initiatives, and sustainable funding strategies to drive meaningful impact. By equipping individuals and organizations with effective advocacy tools, the goal is to increase awareness, improve patient care pathways, and secure long-term support for lymphedema services in Canada.
New best practice recommendations For the prevention and management of wounds related to lower limb lymphedema
Authors: Keast David , Kuhnke Janet
Published: February 2025

Wounds Canada is pleased to present new Best Practice Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Wounds Related to Lower Limb Lymphedema. The Best Practice Recommendations For Skin Health And Wound Management 2025 is the latest version of Wounds Canada’s most popular resource, used by frontline clinicians, students and policy makers to inform their practice.1 These best practice recommendations are focused on the care of adults and the related wounds of the lower limb.
Lymphedema/Chronic Edema. What healthcare professionals need to know.
Authors:   Canadian Lymphedema Framework, Keast David , Towers Anna , Letellier Marie-Eve
Published: February 2025

This educational piece about lymphedema (chronic edema) was developed by the medical advisory committee of the Canadian Lymphedema Framework and is intended specifically to inform Canadian healthcare professionals. Lymphedema is an incurable, chronic inflammatory condition requiring early diagnosis and life-long management. It may lead to complications like cellulitis and can result from obesity or cancer treatments. Treatment entails cleansing, exercise, self-management education, and potential surgical interventions, with resources available through the Canadian Lymphedema Framework.
Computer Vision Techniques and Recent Trends
Authors: Darwish (ed) Dina
Published: February 2025

The purpose of image processing is to improve the quality of raw images captured by sensors and cameras on board spacecraft, satellites, and other aerial vehicles. The photos you shoot on a daily basis for various purposes can also be enhanced with its help. Over the past forty to fifty years, numerous approaches have been developed in the area of image processing. Images captured by military surveillance missions, space probes, and unmanned spacecrafts are the primary targets of most strategies. Thanks to high-capacity memory devices, powerful personal computers, and advanced graphics software, image processing systems are booming in popularity. Image processing has many practical uses, including but not limited to: forensic studies, textiles, document processing, graphic arts, printing, military applications, medical imaging, non-destructive evaluation, forensics, and remote sensing. First and foremost, in image processing are the steps of scanning, storing, enhancing, and interpreting images. The phrase "analogue image processing" describes the steps used to manipulate pictures by utilising electrical technologies. The most typical example of this phenomena is the television picture. The television signal is an amplitude-varying voltage level that conveys the image's brightness. Altering the picture's look is possible by electrically changing the signal. The contrast and brightness controls of a TV influence the video signal's amplitude and reference, allowing the user to adjust the image's brightness range. The use of digital computers in image processing allows for the processing of the image. Processing will follow the image's digitisation, which involves converting the image to a digital format. The term is used to describe the process of using numerical representations of objects in conjunction with a set of operations to achieve a desired outcome. It starts with a starting image and then produces an iteration of that image with major adjustments applied to it. So, it's a process that changes the image from what was previously there. The term "digital image processing" is often used to describe the steps used by a computer to alter a two-dimensional image. Any two-dimensional data can be digitally processed using this phrase. One component of a digital picture is a matrix of actual values that has been encoded using a low bit count. Among the many advantages of digital image processing methods are their adaptability, repeatability, and capacity to maintain the original data's credibility.
Machine learning implementation in computer vision
Authors: Darwish Dina
Published: February 2025

AI has had a significant impact on image processing, which has enabled the development of innovative techniques and applications Computer vision examines data from digital photos and videos to deduce relationships. It employs artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to enhance output. Similar to other machine learning systems, computer vision systems require substantial data to train their algorithms for input comprehension. A multitude of businesses, such as entertainment, security, robotics, and healthcare, utilise computer vision. Machine learning algorithms are fundamentally trained on extensive datasets of labelled images to identify patterns and generate predictions. Similar to other machine learning systems, computer vision systems require substantial data to train their algorithms for input comprehension. This chapter discusses implementation of machine learning to image analysis, and Recent Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Image Processing, Repercussions of ML and AI in image processing on Society and Ethics and finally comes the conclusion.
Hand gesture recognition for sign language translation
Authors: Jacob Jithu Varghese , Biju Anwin K , Kanna Rajesh R
Published: February 2025

This project aims to develop software that translates Indian Sign Language (ISL) hand gestures into real-time text and speech. A custom symbol module enables users to add new gestures, enhancing user experience. Voice call integration allows real-time gesture-to-speech translation during calls. Optimized machine learning models ensure efficiency and accessibility, creating a solution for inclusive communication. The application relies on optimized machine learning models from TensorFlow Lite which enables safe gesture recognition across different mobile devices. The application needs this specific technology due to its power to maximize accessibility and usability because it operates well on devices with limited processing capacity. The system's architecture puts inclusivity first with its purpose to create an accessible communication tool which serves the deaf and hard-of-hearing community through user-friendly functions. The implementation of thorough error handling and feedback functions in the software system creates improved user experience along with better system dependability. The initiative resolves the current weaknesses of sign language translation solutions through its personalized and efficient software which is accessible to users. A modernized translation framework creates new possibilities for better quality of life among ISL users because it promotes fluid and natural speaking opportunities across different situations. This system includes scalability features to enable future adjustments according to developing requirements.
Tradition to Innovation: The Ayurvedic Research Writing Handbook
Authors: Paradkar Hemant
Published: February 2025

Ayurveda, a timeless science of life, has immense potential to enrich modern healthcare with its evidence-based approach. Documenting, publishing, and disseminating research findings is an essential skill for Ayurvedic scholars, ensuring that scientific rigor supports traditional wisdom. This handbook is designed to guide postgraduate students, researchers, and Ayurvedic practitioners through writing, structuring, and publishing academic papers. It offers a detailed understanding of various article types, essential writing standards, journal submission processes, and ethical considerations, ensuring that the voice of Ayurveda resonates across global platforms. I hope this book becomes a valuable resource for all who seek to contribute meaningfully to the field of Ayurvedic research.
Resources and opportunities
Authors: Paradkar Hemant
Published: February 2025

Resources and Tools: Reference managers, language tools, and databases. This topic highlights the essential resources and tools that can streamline the research paper writing process, making it easier to organise references, improve writing quality, and access valuable research materials. Reference Managers Reference managers are essential tools for organising citations, references, and bibliographies. They help you save time and maintain accuracy when managing and citing sources in your manuscript.
Applications of artificial intelligence in education: Implications for pedagogy, learning outcomes, and policy development
Authors: Manda Vijaya Kittu , Bezawada Kishore , Bhukya Madhu
Published: February 2025

Researchers have documented the advantages and impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the field of education well. All stakeholders in the educational sector will benefit from improved outcomes by implementing AI systems. This study discusses the integration of AI into a desired system called “Smart Education.” It explains the transformative potential of customized educational content to individual learners’ needs. AI technologies become assistants to education and help them in instruction design and content development. The system considers each student’s unique pace, preferences, and capabilities and generates content accordingly. Such learning will be more effective and engaging. AI systems in education have three key sub-systems: intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning platforms, and predictive analytics. These innovations identify learning gaps, provide real-time feedback, and support differentiated instruction. Students with such content exposure and tools can achieve their full potential. Institutions are concerned with challenges and ethical concerns connected with the deployment of AI in Education. Despite this, there is a need for continued exploration and adoption of AI technologies. They create dynamic, responsive, personalized learning experiences that prepare students for future demands. Educators and Institutions can significantly improve learning outcomes and promote a culture of innovation and adaptability in education by using AI.
Generative artificial intelligence for educators and researchers
Authors: Sreekumar Abhinav , Boby Maria , Kanna Rajesh R
Published: February 2025

Generative AI functions as a transformative power which provides breakthrough opportunities for content creation alongside individualized learning and academic research programs. The chapter dives into generative AI applications to show their utility for educational staff and researchers through automated content generation while enhancing student commitment and helping with scholarly writing together with research methodological development. The essay explores both ethical implications and projected AI developments for academic purposes.
Ups and Downs in Global Green Politics and India’s Part in It
Authors: Hans V. Basil
Published: February 2025

The 21st century has witnessed an unprecedented global discourse on environmental sustainability and green politics. From the corridors of power in developed nations to the grassroots movements in emerging economies, the urgency of climate action has shaped policies, economies, and international relations. However, the journey toward a greener world has been far from linear—marked by breakthroughs, setbacks, and geopolitical struggles. This book, Ups and Downs in Global Green Politics and India’s Part in It, delves into the shifting landscape of environmental politics worldwide, examining the factors that have influenced global commitments, the role of major international agreements, and the impact of economic and political changes on sustainability efforts. While many nations have led the charge toward carbon neutrality, others have hesitated or backtracked due to economic and political pressures. A significant part of this discourse is India’s evolving stance in global green politics. As a rapidly developing economy with a growing energy demand, India faces the dual challenge of sustaining economic progress while fulfilling its environmental responsibilities. This book explores India’s policies, achievements, and challenges in balancing these priorities. From its leadership in the International Solar Alliance to the debates surrounding its coal dependency, India’s environmental journey offers valuable insights into the complexities of green politics in the Global South. By analyzing the historical and contemporary trends of environmental politics, this book aims to provide readers with a nuanced understanding of where the world stands today in its fight against climate change and what the future might hold. It is intended for policymakers, academics, students, and anyone keen to understand the intricate interplay between politics, economy, and environmental sustainability. I hope this book encourages reflection and meaningful discussions on the way forward in creating a greener, more sustainable world.
Conclusion and future directions for machine learning enhanced Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems
Authors: Eze Esther Chinwe
Published: February 2025

5.0 Conclusion This section presents a summary of the key findings and conclusions obtained during the implementation of the project. The findings and conclusions are based on all the essential activities and tasks that contributed to the successful outcome of the project. It also documents a reflection of some of the lessons learned during the project as well as the achievements and further research work. The project aims to utilize ML capabilities in the Identity and access management process to make it more efficient, and resilient to IAM attacks. The project commenced by analysing the requirements of the system which was gathered at the investigation stage. Afterward, a careful design process was carried out. The implementation of the project followed after the design and all the requirements were converted to a working process. Coding for ML was done using the R programming language. Evaluation and results of the four (4) classifiers were presented. From the activities involved in the design, implementation, evaluation, and results above, It is safe to state that the aim and objectives including the functional and non-functional requirements of the project were met having carried out each process successfully.
Analysing Cloud DDoS Attacks Using Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: Alozie Chisom Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Cloud computing in its simplest form refers to the provision of hardware and software to deliver a service over an internet network. However, Cloud Computing has numerous issues, such as security attacks and distributed denial of service (DDoS). A DDoS attack is defined as a method of attack in which numerous computer systems are allowed to attack a target, such as a server, any resource, or website, resulting in a denial of service for the resource's intended users.
Feature selection and machine learning model optimization for DDoS detection
Authors: Alozie Chisom Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

In this chapter, the Implementation design is divided into two sections, the system setup design, and the machine learning flow process design. Both are explained in detail in the section. The dataset used for the experiment was obtained from the open-source database CSE-CIC-IDS2018 (‘IDS 2018’ 2022) and the generated data set. The open-source dataset was used to train a large data set that contained 300967 instances of benign and DDoS datasets while the generated data set contained 28, 972 instances of benign and DDoS datasets. The dataset contained many fields in which “32 out of 80” features were used for the open data set and “31 out of 84” was used for the newly generated dataset. A comparative study of supervised machine learning algorithms which will be used to predict the accuracy and clarity of how DDoS attacks are detected in the cloud will be presented and evaluated in terms of performance and accuracy.
Influence of Relational Capability on the Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Buyiya Roselyn , Mukulu Prof Elegwa , Senelwa Dr Anaya
Published: February 2025

Small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in driving economic growth and fulfilling developmental goals. This study aims to investigate the impact of relational capability on the performance of small manufacturing enterprises within Nairobi City County. Additionally, it explores the moderating role of environmental dynamism on the relationship between technological entrepreneurship and the performance of SMEs in this region of Kenya.   The target population for this research comprised 425 SMEs registered with the Kenya Association of Manufacturers in Nairobi City County as of December 31, 2022. A sample size of 135 SMEs was determined using the Nasiurma (2000) model, with a focus on business owners and managers. To ensure representative sampling, the study utilized a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the research instrument's reliability and validity; internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, and expert consultations enhanced the questionnaire's content and face validity.  Data analysis and interpretation were carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The analysis included multiple linear regression to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables, alongside an F-test to evaluate the overall significance of the research model and its components. The findings indicated a significant relationship between relational capability (X4) and the performance of SMEs, supported by regression model results (F (1, 118) = 84.885, p-value = 0.000), which confirmed that relational capability is a valid predictor within the model. Consequently, this study concludes that relational capability substantially influences the performance of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya.In light of these findings, the research recommends that the Micro and Small Enterprises Authority, as the regulatory body for SMEs, develop a legal and regulatory framework that recognizes and supports these enterprises. This framework should facilitate easier licensing, supervision, and the adoption of standardized processes and procedures drawn from sector-wide guidelines. Furthermore, preferential treatment should be afforded to SMEs to promote their growth and enable their transition to more established manufacturing entities, a mandate that aligns with the objectives of the Kenya Association of Manufacturers Lastly, it is recommended that SMEs prioritize the establishment of robust customer relationships through effective customer relationship management to ensure long-term business