bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tarla koşullarında uygulanan trifluralin herbisidinin toprakta taşınımı ve birikimi
Authors: ÇEBİ Ülviye Kamburoğlu , ÇAKIR Recep , TOK Hasan Hayri
Published: July 2019

Günümüzde tarım alanlarında
en önemli amaçlardan bir tanesi, artan nüfusa ve ona paralel olarak artan gıda
gereksinimi karşılamaya yönelik olarak yüksek tarımsal üretimin sağlanmasıdır.
Bu bağlamda, birim alandan daha fazla verim almak amacı ile tarımda kullanılan
birçok tarımsal girdi, tarımsal üretim sistemini olumsuz etkilemektedir.
Herbisit girdisi bunların en önemlilerinden biri olup başta su ve toprak gibi
doğal kaynakları kirletmesi ve topraktaki kalıntıları ile bir çok makro ve
mikro canlının yanı sıra, topraktan yıkanarak yer altı suyuna ve akarsu, göl ve
deniz gibi su yüzeylerine ulaşarak yaşayan canlıları direkt olarak, ya da bu
canlı organizmalarda birikerek besin zincirini olumsuz etkilemektedir.
Araştırma, Trakya Bölgesi Turgutbey sulama sahasında üreticilerin açtıkları
kuyulardan sağlanan su ile sulama uygulaması yapılan toprakları kapsamaktadır.
Sahaya ait toprakların farklı katmanlarında trifluralin herbisitinin toprakta
taşınımı ve kalıntı olarak birikimi irdelenmiştir. Çalışmada, farklı organik
madde ve bünyeye sahip 16 farklı noktada ve 3 katmanda örnekleme yapılmıştır.
Dört yıllık çalışmada, 2,4 (min.) ile 1200 (max.) ug/L düzeyinde trifluralin
kalıntı miktarları belirlenmiştir. Toprak örneklerinde profillerin üst
katmanlarında trifluralin miktarları daha yüksek olurken alt katlara
inildiğinde konsantrasyonlarda düşme görülmektedir. Ayrıca ilkbaharda alınan
topraklardaki trifluralin konsantrasyonlarının sonbaharda yapılan toprak
örneklemelerindeki konsantrasyonlara oranla daha yüksek olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.
Yarı nemli ılıman iklim koşullarında farklı eğim ve farklı arazi örtüsü altında toprak gelişimi ve β-glikosidaz enzim aktivitesi değişimi
Authors: ERKOÇAK Aylin , DENGİZ Orhan
Published: July 2019

Toprak içerisinde yer alan mikroorganizmalar,
bitki gelişmesi için gerekli olan besin elementlerinin döngüsünde görev
aldıkları için toprak verimliliğinin önemli unsurlarının yanı sıra toprakta
meydana gelen pek çok kimyasal değişimin içinde aktif rol almaktadırlar. Topraktaki mikrobiyal aktivitenin büyük bir kısmı
enzimlerin aktivitelerinin ölçülmesiyle belirlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın
amacı yarı nemli ılıman iklim koşulları altında aynı ana materyal, farklı eğim
ve arazi kullanımlarında farklı toprakların gelişimlerinin ortaya konulması ve
β-glikosidaz enzim aktivitesi değişimini incelemektir. Bu çalışma, Samsun-Bafra
karayolunun güneyinde, Engiz Beldesine bağlı Dağköy mevkii alanı içerisinde
farklı fizyografik ünitelerin yer aldığı bazaltik ana materyal üzerinde oluşmuş
topraklarda yürütülmüştür. Topraklar Typic
Haplustert ve Lithic Ustorthent olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışma alanına ait
toprakların biyolojik özelliklerinin ortaya konulması amacıyla β-glikosidaz
enzim aktivitesi değerlendirilmiş ve Güneybatı-Kuzeydoğu doğrultu hattı boyunca dört profil açılmış ve açılan profillerden
alınan toprak örneklerinin β-glikosidaz enzim aktivitesinin 4.9-98.9 μg
p-nitrofenol g-1 kuru top. arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca
Güneybatı-Kuzeydoğu hattı boyunca β-glikosidaz
enzim aktivitesi ile farklı profiller, arazi kullanımı ve yükseklik arasındaki
istatistiksel ilişki incelendiğinde farklı profillerin ve farklı yüksekliklerin
topraktaki β-glikosidaz enzim aktivitesi üzerine etkisinin %1 düzeyinde önemli
olduğu (P=0.000<0.01), farklı arazi kullanım şekillerinin ise
topraktaki β-glikosidaz enzim aktivitesi üzerine etkisinin önemsiz olduğu (P =
0.670>0.05) belirlenmiştir.
Kabuk bağlama problemi bulunan bir toprağın ıslahına sıvı hümik asit uygulamasının etkisinin inkübasyon çalışmasında belirlenmesi
Authors: GÜMÜŞ İlknur
Published: July 2019

Zayıf strüktürel özellikler sahip toprakların en önemli problemlerinden bir tanesi yüzeyde kaymak tabakası oluşmasıdır. Özellikle genç alüviyal topraklarda taşınma esnasında toprak strüktürleri bozularak agregat stabiliteleri düşmektedir. Bu tip topraklarda tekrar strüktür gelişimi ve agregat stabilitesi artışı, özellikle kurak ve yarı kurak alanlarda, yağış yetersizliği nedeniyle uzun zaman almaktadır. Konya ovası topraklarında da bu durum yaygın olarak görülmektedir.  Bu nedenle yapılan çalışmada, sıvı hümik asit uygulamasının kil tekstürlü, zayıf strüktürel özelliğe sahip bir toprağın agregat stabilitesi ve kırılma değeri ile bazı kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri inkübasyona çalışmasında belirlenmiştir. Çalışma laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülmüş olup; %0.5, %1, %2 ve %4 dozlarında uygulanan sıvı hümik asittin etkileri 25, 50 ve 75 günlük inkübasyon süreleri boyunca ölçülmüştür. Araştırmada sıvı hümik asit uygulamalarının kabuk oluşumunu doğrudan etkileyen toprak özelliklerinden olan kırılma değeri, agregat stabilitesi ve organik karbon ile toplam azot, pH ve elektriki iletkenlik (EC) değişimine etkileri incelenmiştir. Buna göre, kırılma değerlerinde kontrole göre tüm inkübasyon sürelerinde düşüş tespit edilmiş olup, inkübasyonun 25. gününde %4 sıvı hümik asit uygulaması kırılma değerini %38.6 oranında azaltırken; inkübasyonun 50. gününde %4 sıvı hümik asit uygulaması agregat stabilitesini %81.4 oranında artırmıştır. pH üzerine uygulamaların etkisi önemsiz çıkmış, EC değerini 25, 50 ve 75 günlük inkübasyon periyotlarında en yüksek hümik asit uygulaması kontrole göre sırasıyla %73.3, 79.4 ve 77.5 oranlarında artırmıştır. Ayrıca sıvı hümik asidin uygulama dozu artışına bağlı olarak toprağın organik karbon, toplam azot içerikleri de artışlar göstermiştir. Buna göre, sıvı hümik asit uygulamasının 25 günlük bir inkübasyon süresinde dahi toprakların ölçülen fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinde değişiklikler ve iyileştirmeler yapabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Simav yöresi tarım topraklarının bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinin araştırılması
Authors: ÇERÇİOĞLU Melis
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırma, Simav ilçesindeki farklı ürünlerin yetiştirildiği toprakların genel özelliklerini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmış ve 14 köy arazisinden 0-30 cm derinlikten alınan 46 adet toprak örneği üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Toprak örneklerinde pH, EC, kireç, organik madde ile bünye sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma yöresi toprak örneklerinin analiz sonuçları ile sınır değerler karşılaştırılarak yöre topraklarının verimlilik durumları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; toprak örneklerinin pH’sı çok kuvvetli asit ile hafif alkali arasında değişmekle beraber, büyük çoğunluğu nötr ve hafif alkali özellik göstermiştir. Toprakların tamamında tuzluluk sorunu bulunmamakta olup, %56.4’ünün kireçli ve az kireçli, yaklaşık %55’inin ise orta ve yüksek düzeyde organik madde içerdiği analiz edilmiştir. Toprak örneklerinin bünyesi ise tın ve kumlu tın arasında değişmiş ve %31.2’sinin tın, %28.1’inin kumlu tın, %18.7’sinin killi tın, %7.8’inin tınlı kum, %7.8’inin kumlu killi tın, %3.1’inin kil ve %3.1’inin ise siltli tın bünye sınıfında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma alanında en fazla değişkenlik gösteren toprak özelliğinin organik madde (VK=%122), en az değişkenlik gösteren toprak özelliğinin ise pH (VK=%15) olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Türkiye’de sarımsak tarımı yapılan farklı yöre topraklarının selenyum içerikleri ve bazı temel toprak özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler
Authors: AKÇA Hanife , TURAN Murat Ali , TABAN Nilgün , TABAN Süleyman , OUEDRAOGO Abdoul Rasmane , TÜRKMEN Nilüfer
Published: July 2019

Ülkemizde sarımsak tarımında ilk sıralarda yer alan illerden alınan
toprak örneklerinde bitkiye yarayışlı selenyum konsantrasyonları ile bazı temel
toprak özellikleri arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesinin amaçlandığı bu çalışmada,
Balıkesir, Kırklareli, Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Antalya, Karaman, Muğla ve
Kastamonu illerinden toplam 224 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. Alınan toprak
örneklerinde tekstür, pH, EC, kireç, organik madde ile bitkiye yarayışlı
selenyum analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, farklı yörelerden
alınan toprak örnekleri birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, bitkiye yarayışlı
selenyum konsantrasyonlarının 1,31-27,83 µg kg-1 arasında değiştiği
ve ortalama 13,45 µg kg-1 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitkiye yarayışlı
ortalama selenyum konsantrasyonun en fazla Kastamonu (27,83 µg kg-1),
en az ise Hatay (1,31 µg kg-1) yöresi topraklarında olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Sarımsak tarımı yapılan toprakların ağırlıklı olarak kil
bünyeli, % 53,57’sinin hafif alkali, EC yönünden sorun taşımadığı, %
41,07’sinin çok ve çok fazla kireçli, % 47,32’sinin ise az ve çok az organik
madde içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Bitkiye yarayışlı selenyum konsantrasyonu ile
toprak reaksiyonu arasında önemli pozitif (r= 0,330***), kireç ve organik madde
miktarları arasında ise önemli negatif (sırasıyla r= -0,260***, r= -0,259***)
ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Toprakta reaksiyonun yükselmesi durumunda Se
yarayışlılığının arttığı, buna karşın kireç ve organik maddenin artması
durumunda ise Se yarayışlılığının azaldığı belirlenmiştir.
La incorporación de los derechos individuales (de libertad) por las primeras declaraciones modernas de derechos
Authors: Villacorta Caño-Vega Antonio
Published: July 2019

SUMARIO: 1. Las declaraciones anglosajonas de derechos. 1.1. El proceso inglés de reconocimiento de los derechos. 1.2. Las declaraciones de derechos norteamericanas. 2. Las declaraciones europeas; por todas, la declaración francesa de derechos del hombre y del ciudadano de 26 de agosto de 1789. 2.1. La declaración y su concepción acerca del carácter preestatal de los derechos naturales y universales del hombre. 2.2. El “legicentrismo” evidenciado por la declaración y sus repercusiones más notorias.
Comparación y tradición constitucional. Discurso de investidura como doctor honoris causa por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Authors: De Vergottini Giuseppe , Murillo de la Cueva Pablo Lucas
Published: July 2019

Comparación y tradición constitucional. Discurso de investidura como doctor honoris causa por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Gómez Bravo, José Manuel (Dir.): «Una mirada valiente» (Recensión)
Authors: Arnaldo Alcubilla Enrique
Published: July 2019

Recensión sobre la obra: Gómez Bravo, José Manuel (Dir.). Una mirada valiente. Homenaje a Francisco Tomás y Valiente. Ediciones Polimero, Madrid, 2016, 382 págs.
Nueva mirada sobre antiguas cuestiones acerca de las Comisiones de Investigación Parlamentarias
Authors: Ridao Martín Joan
Published: July 2019

La recepción del instituto de las Comisiones de investigación parlamentarias en el derecho español, a partir de su introducción por la Constitución de 1978, ha suscitado tradicionalmente un vivo y recurrente debate, no solo en la esfera política sino también en la doctrinal, acerca de su alcance y virtualidad. En particular este trabajo aborda tres aspectos concretos: la controversia doctrinal suscitada por el alcance de la obligación de comparecer a requerimiento de las cámaras legislativas autonómicas, en particular cuando ésta se cursa en relación a servidores públicos estatales; la prestación de falso testimonio por parte de los comparecientes; y la delicada convivencia de la regla de la mayoría parlamentaria con el conveniente privilegio de las minorías en la creación de las encuestas en las cámaras legislativas, tanto en la creación como en su desarrollo y desenlace.
Pepe Beviá o el Parlamentario Humanista
Authors: Maciá Mateo
Published: July 2019

Semblanza de Pepe Beviá o el Parlamentario Humanista.
Los espacios arquitectónicos del Archivo y de la Biblioteca del Congreso de los Diputados
Authors: Herrero de Padura Mercedes
Published: July 2019

SUMARIO: I. INTRODUCCIÓN. II. PROCESO CONSTRUCTIVO. 1) 1850-1857: la obra de manuel sánchez blanco, maestro carpintero ensamblador de maderas finas del congreso. 1.1. Gran sala de archivo (1850-1851). 1.2. Sala de biblioteca (1853-1854). 1.3. Ampliación de la biblioteca incorporándole el salón existente sobre ella en el primer piso, mediante la apertura de un óvalo en el forjado de comunicación de ambas plantas (1856-1857). 2) 1866 y 1880: la obra del ebanista josé pérez benito. 2.1. Construcción de una estantería para el archivo en la planta primera (1866). 2.2 Construcción de una estantería central para la gran sala de archivo de la planta principal. 3) 1883-1885: la obra del arquitecto arturo mélida y alinari. 3.1. Los gabinetes de lectura. 3.2. la “jaula” o “grillera”. 4) 1889-1990: construcción de una nueva sala de lectura contigua a la biblioteca por el arquitecto higinio de cachavera. 5) 1898: pintura del techo del salón de lectura de la biblioteca: la “alegoría del templo de las leyes” de josé maría de gamoneda y garcía del valle. 6) El archivo y la biblioteca desde comienzos del siglo xx hasta el final la ii república. 7) 1942-1977: reformas de los arquitectos pablo cantó iniesta y antonio cámara niño. desaparición de “la jaula” y definitiva ubicación de los depósitos de libros y documentos en la planta sótano. 8) La nueva etapa democrática: desde 1978 hasta nuestros días. proyectos y realidades. 8.1. Edificios de ampliación del palacio. 8.2. Separación física y funcional del archivo y la biblioteca. 8.3. Nevas oportunidades. 8.4. Expansión, declive y éxodo de los depósitos. 8.5. Reformas y restauraciones de los locales de la biblioteca. 9) El salón de lectura de la biblioteca en tres imágenes. III. A MODO DE EPÍLOGO
Astarloa Huarte-Mendicoa, Ignacio: «El Parlamento moderno. Importancia, descrédito y cambio» (Recensión)
Authors: Miranda López Luis Manuel
Published: July 2019

Recensión sobre la obra: Astarloa Huarte-Mendicoa, Ignacio. El Parlamento moderno. Importancia, descrédito y cambio. Ediciones de El Cronista – Iustel, Madrid, 2017, 494 p.
Cuarenta años de derecho parlamentario 1978-2018. Corsi e ricorsi del Parlamento contemporáneo español
Authors: Ripollés Serrano María Rosa
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo reflexiona sobre el parlamentarismo español y su evolución en estos cuarenta años de régimen constitucional de la Constitución de 1978, mediante una aproximación clásica que distingue entre los sujetos del Parlamento –Parlamentarios o sujetos individuales y Grupos parlamentarios o sujetos colectivos; órganos de gobierno –Presidencia, Mesa y Junta de Portavoces-; y órganos funcionales –Secretaría General, Ponencias, Subcomisiones, Comisiones, Pleno y Diputación Permanente-; las competencias parlamentarias de carácter legislativo, de control político e impulso, presupuestarias y otras; y los procedimientos parlamentarios. La conclusión es que el Parlamento español, al margen de transformaciones por la lógica evolución del tiempo, permanece como el órgano de legitimación por antonomasia del sistema de poderes, en razón de su elección directa por el electorado, en definitiva como el único órgano de actualización de la soberanía del pueblo español.
Sobre la cultura constitucional y parlamentaria en España y en Alemania: Notas al hilo de un libro reciente
Authors: Jimenez-Blanco y Carrillo de Albornoz Antonio
Published: July 2019

Es un hecho notorio (y feliz) que el texto de la Constitución Española de 1978 estuvo muy influido por el de la Ley Fundamental de 1949. En materia de parlamentarismo y en otras muchas. Hoy, casi setenta años después de 1949 y cuarenta tras 1978, es el momento de ver si la convergencia ha continuado o si por el contrario los ordenamientos (y las culturas jurídicas) se han ido alejando. Como es natural, hay datos que permiten apoyar la primera tesis –sobre todo, en el seno de la integración europea– pero también otros muchos que abogan por lo segundo.

El reciente libro de Antonio López Pina, “La inteligencia excéntrica”, que recoge las biografías intelectuales de 25 intelectuales, casi todos juristas (15 españoles y 10 alemanes), contiene muchísimos datos de interés para ese debate y constituye el hilo conductor de este trabajo, que termina poniendo de relieve lo diferente de las soluciones que los dos sistemas políticos han ofrecido, a partir de 2016 en España y 2017 en Alemania, al hecho de que la cada vez mayor pluralización de la sociedad tiene como consecuencia una representación parlamentaria más fragmentada y sin mayorías homogéneas: gobierno minoritario en un caso y de gran coalición en el otro.
Comisiones legislativas permanentes
Authors: Senén Hernández Mercedes
Published: July 2019

Las comisiones parlamentarias son órganos de trabajo de las Cámaras que tienen cada vez un mayor peso en la labor parlamentaria, como consecuencia de la proliferación legislativa en los Parlamentos modernos. Responden a distintas clases: permanentes (que constituyen el núcleo fundamental y a las que se refiere el presente trabajo) o especiales y, dentro de las primeras, legislativas y no legislativas. La Constitución de 1978 contiene algunas referencias breves a las comisiones parlamentarias si bien son los Reglamentos parlamentarios donde se desarrolla su régimen.

Las comisiones permanentes legislativas suelen tener una correspondencia, si bien no exacta, con los departamentos ministeriales. Sus funciones responden a tres ámbitos diferenciados: el legislativo, dedicado a los proyectos y las proposiciones de ley, donde destaca la posibilidad de aprobación con competencia legislativa plena y la labor de las ponencias; el de control al Gobierno, en forma de comparecencias del Ejecutivo – a instancias de la Comisión o a petición propia – o de autoridades o personas expertas, solicitudes de información, proposiciones no de ley o mociones y preguntas de contestación oral; y el de su actividad institucional, consistente en los contactos con la sociedad civil y otras instituciones, en el marco de la materia que les es propia.

Se ha producido una evolución histórica en cuanto al número y trabajo desarrollado por las comisiones, que ha ido claramente in crescendo y con claras variaciones en la producción legislativa en función de que existieran mayorías parlamentarias claras o no...
Cuarenta años de parlamento democrático
Authors: Astarloa Huarte-Mendicoa Ignacio
Published: July 2019

Las Cortes Generales han cumplido satisfactoriamente su papel constitucional durante cuatro décadas. Se analiza el modelo establecido en 1978 y su evolución. Ese modelo, con sus cambios, está teniendo una estabilidad insólita en nuestra historia parlamentaria. Pero tiene también problemas y retos que aconsejan introducir reformas.
Motive of Hope in Works by Mykola Bazhan
Authors: Tkachenko Roman
Published: July 2019

The paper oﬀ ers an attempt to read the works of M. Bazhan focusing on the evolving motive of hope. It is stated that this motive has its cultural and historical scope and practical content. Presently the experience of hope becomes energy of progress and cultural creation. Hope is energized by active work and nourishes work, art, science, creativity. The methods of overcoming despair in Bazhan’s poetry have been updated over the course of decades in connection with the changes in perception of the social role of poetry. Although initially the comprehension of integrity was seen in the stream of the class struggle, later the poet preferred healing the soul with art. The philosophy of the author of the “Hoﬀ man’s Night” was not contemplative; it was focused on existential and social problems and directed by humanistic values. It is no coincidence that the poet chose the least irrational of the three main Christian virtues, the most earthly and human one – the hope. Instead, most poets at all times cultivated predominantly faith and love. This fact might explain why Bazhan’s poetry never gained vast popularity but constantly attracted attention of critics and scholars. The author’s path from despair and fear to hope is the path from the local, psychological, individual to the universal, social, and philosophical. The continual motive of hope gives some unexpected coloring to a seemingly trivial Enlightenment-like picture of the future. The concepts of progress are being ﬁlled with drama and dynamics. Existential problems proved to be much more important than the ideal future projects. The sources and plan of the progress are contained not in the objective laws of the history, but exclusively in a human being, permanently ﬁghting in the darkness and chaos. From this point of view, Bazhan is not a representative of the Soviet-style Marxism. In fact, his worldview is rather in tune with E. Bloch’s neo-Marxism or J.-P. Sartre’s existentialism.
Pages of Olena Pchilka’s Life in Kyiv
Authors: Iskorko-Hnatenko Valentyna
Published: July 2019

The article is dedicated to the 170-th anniversary of Olena Pchilka’s birth. Olha Kosach (1849–1930, Olena Pchilka being her literary pseudonym) was a Ukrainian writer, corresponding member of the Pan-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, folklorist, ethnographer, journalist, publisher, social and cultural activist. She was also the mother of Lesia Ukrainka, Mykhailo Obachnyi and Olesia Zirka.The article highlights one of the most important periods of her life, strongly connected to Kyiv. Olha Kosach had been studying here at Mrs. Nelhovska’s boarding school for girls and then lived together with the family of her brother Mykhailo Drahomanov who was a professor at St. Volodymyr University. She married Petro Kosach, a lawyer and conciliator in court cases of peasants an member of the union “Stara Hromada”. Later in Volyn young Olha Kosach never broke up her ties with Kyiv, working on her ﬁrst scholarly research about Ukrainian folk ornament, translating from Russian and Polish, writing her own poetry, prose and drama. She was one of the editors of “Kiievskaya Starina” (“Kyiv Antiquity”) journal and active participant in Literary and Artistic Community, Kyiv “Prosvita” (“Education”) Community, Ukrainian Club. The journal “Ridnyi Krai” (“Native Land”) was published in Kyiv at her own expense. It had a supplement “Moloda Ukraina” (“Young Ukraine”), being the ﬁrst periodical for children in Dnieper Ukraine. Kosach family lived in Kyiv permanently since 1899 and resided at 97, 115, 101 Mariinsko-Blahovischenska str., (now P. Saksahanskoho str.). The editorial oﬃce of the above-mentioned journals was situated at the same buildings. The prominent ﬁgures of the Ukrainian culture M. Lysenko and M. Starytskyi were the neighbors of the family. Nowadays the address accommodates Lesia Ukrainka Literary Museum (97, Saksahanskoho str.).1924–1930 was the last period of Olena Pchilka’s life in Kyiv. She lived at 7 Bahovutivska str., later at 16 Ovrutska str., and worked actively as a research fellow of the Pan-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. She was elected a corresponding member of the Academy on the 6th of April 1925. Olena Pchilka issued “Ukrainski Uzory” (“Ukrainian Ornaments”), her last lifetime album, in 1927, and the book “Stories. With autobiography” in 1930. The writer was buried in Baikove Cemetery, next to the graves of her husband Petro Kosach and her children Mykhailo Obachnyi and Lesia Ukrainka.
Enter the Structures of the Indonesian Language in the Writing of the Arabic Language/تدخل تراكيب اللغة الإندونيسية في كتابة اللغة العربية
Authors: Ad-Din Ahmar
Published: July 2019

Communication ability among nations forces every individual person to master arabic language. In the teaching learning proces, university students face a problem. They bring their native language structure indonesia into arabic study. This causes several mistakes toward the learnt language. Therfore, an immediate solving problem is needed to solve the problem. Until arabic language can be for away from mistakes.This research wants to know and find the lenguage mistakes, causes and solutins. While the reasearch uses the several ways. Those are : interview, observation and documentation. The research result shous language mistakes causes by several factors. Those are : misunderstanding of language rules. A seldom practice intervention betwen those language (arabic-indonesia).القدرة عل التواصل بين أبناء دول العالم دفعت كل واحد منهم إلى تعلم اللغة العربية ومعرفتها وممارستها. ولكن في العملية التعليمية قابل الطلبة صعوبة ومشكلة حيث حملوا أنماط اللغة الأم الى اللغة المدروسة. وترتب هذا التدخل اللغوي إلى فساد اللغة الهدف. لذا، من المفروض أن يكون هناك أي محاولة لتصويب هذه المشكلة اللغوية من أجل حفظ اللغة الثانية العربية.   وقد قصد الباحث بهذا البحث أن يتعرف إلى الاخطاء والعوامل المؤثرة على وقوع الأخطاء وتقديم العلاج لهذه الاخطاء. وأجريت الدراسة بأدوات التالية: هي المقابلة والملاحظة وجمع الوثائق للحصول على الإجابة العلمية، ونتائجها كما سياتي: الجهل بقيود اللغة العربية وقلة الممارسة والتدخل اللغوي بين كلتا للغوتين العربية والإندونسية.واختتم الباحث بحل أن يتدرب الطلبة على الانشاء تدربا مستمرا باستخدام اي شكل إنشائي حتى اتعودوا على كتابة اللغة العربية الصحيحة الفصيحة.
Arabic Language Learning Technology in the First Cycle of Basic Education/تكنولوجيا تعلّم اللغة العربية في الحلقة الأولى من التعليم الأساس
Authors: Kurniadi Fakhar
Published: July 2019

The educational media and technologies are: materials and tools that are partially or wholly employed in school education to create learning. The school, the teacher, the spoken word, the book, the picture, the slide, the film, the computer, the expert, etc., Educational tools and technology are important to guide students' formal education and production. Education technology is a practical method of thought, with an integrated base of actors. Educational means are part of educational techniques or educational technology. Educators say: "Give the learner something to do better than give him something to learn." It is an innovative shift that gives the educational process new patterns of movement and interaction, and educational technology has become an important part of the teaching and learning process. The technology of education is a process that is not limited to the use of modern machines and devices, but mainly means the method of thinking, to develop a system-approach, that is to say a method, model, and method of work, follow the steps of organization, All technology, according to modern teaching and learning theories.إن وسائل التعليم (Educational Media And Technologies) هي: مواد وأدوات، توظّف جزئياً، أو كلياً، في التربية المدرسية، لإحداث عملية التعلّم، فالمدرسة والمعلم، والكلمة الملفوظة، والكتاب، والصورة، والشريحة، والفيلم، والحاسوب، والخبير وغيرها، تعدّ وسائل وتكنولوجيا تعليميّة مهمة، لتوجيه التربية الرسميّة للتلاميذ وإنتاجها. فتكنولوجيا التعليم هي طريقة فكرية عملية، لها قاعدة متكاملة من العناصر الفاعلة، والوسائل التعليمية جزء من التقنيات التعليمية، أو تكنولوجيا التعليم إذ يقول التربويون: (أعطِ المتعلّم شيئاً يفعله أفضل من أن تعطيه شيئاً يتعلّمه). إنها نقلة مبتكرة تضفي على العملية التعليميّة أنماطاً جديدة من الحركة والتفاعل، وأصبح للوسائل التقنيّة التعليميّة دور مهم في عملية التعليم والتعلّم. وتكنولوجيا التعليم فهي عملية لا تقتصر دلالتها على مجرد استخدام الآلات، والأجهزة الحديثة، و لكنها تعني أساساً منهجية التفكير، لوضع منظومة تعليمية (System-approach)، أي اتباع منهج، وأسلوب، وطريقة في العمل، تسير على وفق خطوات منظّمة، مستعملة الإمكانات التي تقدمها التكنولوجيا كافة، على وفق نظريات التعليم والتعلّم الحديثة.
Cooperative Learning Strategies and their Impact on the Promotion of Editorial Expression Students of the Department of Arabic Language Teaching at the Islamic University of Tulung Agung/استراتيجيات التعلّم التعاوني وأثرها في ترقية التعبير التحريري لدى طلبة قسم تعليم للغة العربية بالجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية تولونج أجونج
Authors: Abdul Manaf Luthfi
Published: July 2019

The aim of this research is to identify cooperative learning strategies in enhancing the skill of written expression and understanding the impact of these strategies. The introduction of collaborative learning in the promotion of the skill of written expression among students at the Department of Arabic Language Education at the Islamic University of Tolong Agung. Use this search descriptive qualitative portal. The researcher also used research tools to collect data, namely observation, interview and documents. Data analysis is data reduction, data presentation, and data validation by constant comparison. To examine the validity of the data, the researcher is working to prolong the times of attendance and tripartite and discuss with some of the brothers.The results of this research showed that the goals of teaching expression in the cooperative learning strategy are using steps such as the teacher to set goals, materials and teaching methods and then set the procedures of education by dividing the students into six groups. The teacher prepares the working drawings for the students with different colors for each group, distributed to each group. A student from the groups began working by walking around the teacher to observe the positive tingling atmosphere. After the students finished working, each group discussed their work in front of another group, and then the teacher evaluated the students' work. The use of cooperative learning strategies has a significant impact on students' skill upgrading in the expression of discretion.يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة إستراتيجات التعلم التعاوني في ترقية مهارة التعبير التحريري ومعرفة أثر تلك الاستراتيجات مدخل التعلم التعاوني في ترقية مهارة التعبير التحريري لدى طلبة لدى قسم التربية للغة العربية بالجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية تولونج أجونج. استخدم هذا البحث المدخل الوصفي الكيفي. كما استخدم الباحث أدوات البحث لجمع البيانات وهي الملاحظة والمقابلة والوثائق. وأما تحليل البينات فهو تنقيص البيانات، وتقديم البيانات، واثبات البيانات بمقارنة الثابت. ولتفتيش صحة البيانات يعمل الباحث تطويل أوقات الحضور والتثليثي والمناقشة مع بعض الإخوان.ودلت نتائج هذا البحث على أن أهداف التعليم التعبير التحريري باستراتيجية التعلم التعاوني تستخدم الخطوات منها تعيين المعلم الأهداف والمواد ووسائل التعليمية ثم تعيين إجراءات التعليم بتقسيم الطلبة في ست مجموعات، فيعد المعلم قراطيس العمل للطلبة مع ألوان مختلفة لكل مجموعة، فيوزعها على كل مجموعة. بدأ طالب من المجموعات بالعمل فيتجول المعلم لمراقبة جو التلعم الإيجابي. بعد أن انتهى الطلبة من العمل، قامت كل مجموعة بالمناقشة حول عملهم أمام مجموعة أخرى، ثم بعد ذلك قام المعلم بالتقويم على أعمال الطلبة. واستخدام استراتيجيات التعلم التعاوني له أثر كبير عند الطلبة في ترقية المهارة التعبير التحريري.
Class Action in the Use of Reading Method to Develop Reading Skill/إجراء صفي في استخدام طريقة القراءة لتنمية مهارة القراءة
Authors: Anam Maltuf
Published: July 2019

Reading is one of important language competent for developed because written language as object of reading which didn’t know about time and place. Reading activity didn’t just express of sound syimbols in the text, but comprehend of good text. That one of weakness of student in first semester State for Islamic Studies Miftahul Ulum Pamekasan which must be improved with look for good method. One of method which was bilieved as appropriate method was reading method. With this method was hoped be able to improve student in reading arabic texts, so that was needed to do the research about increase of reading competent with used  reading method. The purpose of this research was for to know, how used reading method in improve student’s reading competent about arabic text for comprehension aspect which includes; comprehend of meaning text, main idea of paragraph and implied meaning from all texst.القراءة هي واحدة من اللغات الهامة المؤهلة لتطويرها لأن اللغة المكتوبة هي موضوع القراءة التي لا تعرف عن الزمان والمكان. لم يقتصر نشاط القراءة على التعبير عن المقاطع الصوتية السليمة في النص فحسب ، بل فهم أيضًا النصوص الجيدة. تلك نقطة ضعف الطالب في المستوى الأول بقسم الدراسات الإسلامية بجامعة مفتاح العلوم باميكسان التي يجب تحسينها مع البحث عن طريقة جيدة. وتلك الطريقة هي طريقة القراءة. مع هذا الأسلوب كان من المأمول أن يكون قادرا على تحسين الطالب في قراءة النصوص العربية، لذلك كان ضروريًا لإجراء بحث حول زيادة القراءة المختصة بطرائق القراءة المستخدمة. الغرض من هذا البحث هو معرفة كيفية استخدام أسلوب القراءة في تحسين قراءة الطالب المختص حول النص العربي لوجه الفهم والذي يتضمن: فهم معنى النص ، والفكرة الرئيسية للفقرة والمعنى أو المضمون من جميع النصوص.
Grammar School in Baghdad, Andalusia, Egypt and Syria المدرسة النحوية في بغداد والأندلس ومصر والشام
Authors: Manshur Umar
Published: July 2019

Historically, Arabic grammatical studies had developed in Basra city. Then, the capital of Islam moved to Kufa. There was new genre  along with this movement. Next, since Abu Ja’far Al-mansur led Baghdad, some expert of Arabic grammar from Kufa and Basra met. So, Baghdadian discussed and compared those genres to make new genre. Meanwhile, Andalusian studied Arabic grammar in Middle East and new genre. After the Kindom of Baghdad ruined, some Arabic expert from Baghdad went to Egypt and Syria and taught there. They wrote Arabic grammar books and other knowledge as well.إن دراسة النحو في العرب تطورت بتطور الخلافة الإسلامية، حيث تطورت الدراسة النحوية في بغداد بعد أن كانت مدينة بغداد عاصمة في عصر خلافة أبي جعفر المنصور، فاتجه إليها نحاة الكوفة ودرس النحو فيها واتجه إليها بعد ذلك نحاة البصرة. فظهرت المناقشة النحوية بين مذهبي البصرة والكوفة في بغداد، ويوازن أهل بغداد بين أراء المذهبين وأخذوا الأرجح منها وجعلوه مذهبا لهم. والأندلسيون يرحلون إلى مدن الدولة العربية يتعلمون فيها النحو فاستحدثوا مذهبا رابعا بعد مذهب البصرة والكوفة والبغداد. واتجه النحاة بعد سقوط بغداد إلى مصر والشام ودرسوا النحو وكتبوا كتبا كثيرة في النحو والعلوم الأخرى.
تصنيف (Classification) "أولي الألباب" وتحليل دلالي للآيات القرآنية وتطبيقها في تشكيل المثقف المسلمي (Muslim intellectuals) والتربية الإسلامية
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmadi
Published: July 2019

تهدف هذه المقالة المتواضعة إلى أن يصف الباحث عن تصنيف مصطلح "أولو الباب" في كثير من آيات القرآن. ومن أجل هذه الأهمية استخدم التفسير الموضوعي وتصنيفه اللغة العربية. فالخطوات متمثلة في جمع ستة عشر آيات من القرآن التي ترتبط بمعنى "أولو الباب"، تصنف كل من هذه الكلمات وفقا لموقفها من الجملة. وبهذه الخطوة، سيتم الكشف عن مفهوم "أولو الألباب" بشكل كامل، وسيكون فهم مصطلح "أولو الألباب" أسهل للفهم. وبني "أولو الألباب" على التحليل النحوي، وفقًا لموقعه من الجملة كمنادى والفاعل واصفة والخبر. وانطلاقا من هذا التحليل، يشمل "أولى الألباب" معنى "الراسخين في العلم وقوام يتفكرون وأهل الذكر وأصحاب العقول". وتبين مما سبق ذكره، أن الكلمات السابقة تدل على معاني التي تشمل مبادئ الأنشطة التعليمية وأهدافها الواضحة ، هي أن يجعل إنسانا صالحا بمعارف تنفع الحياة البشربة قاطبة.
المقرر لتعليم الكلام في قسم اللغة العربية التابع لكلية الآداب وكلية التربية
Authors: Ni'mah Mamluatun
Published: July 2019

من المحاولة للوصول إلى تعليم مهارة الكلام تعلما فيه للطلاب فلا بد أن تحتاج إلى المقرر، وهو الجزء من البرنامج الدراسي والذي يتضمن مجموعة من الموضوعات الدراسية التي يلتزم الطلاب بدراستها في فترة زمنية محددة قد تتراوح بين فصل دراسي واحد، وعام دراسي كامل وفق خطة محددة. ومقرر التدريس في مهارة الكلام يحدد أنواع المهارات الشفهية التي سوف يتم تدريسها وممارستها خلال التدريس وتنظيم التنفيذ للتعليم والتقييم المنظم بشكل منتظم الذي يشتمل على مكونات مترابطة لتحقيق الإتقان في الكفاءات الأساسية.
ANALISIS POTENSI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN DARI BUDIDAYA TEBU MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)
Authors: Astuti Arieyanti Dwi
Published: July 2019

ENGLISHMinimizing the adverse impact of sugarcane plantation can be carried out through many ways including increasing the efficiency of energy and natural resources consumption as well as improving the management of waste and emissions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to assess the environmental impact of sugarcane plantation without considering sugarcane usage as a raw material in the sugar industry (gate to gate). CML (baseline) was used as Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) method. This study aimed to: 1) examine the natural resources and energy consumption; 2) analyze and identify potential environmental impacts; and 3) recommend alternative improvements to reduce environmental impacts. It used primary data and secondary data. The results showed that: 1) natural resources were used to produce 16,097 ton of sugarcane or 1 ton of sugar, were land requirement (0.233 ha), water consumption (2,223.117 m3), and energy consumption (19,234.254 MJ); 2) there are five most potential environmental impacts which are analyzed by using openLCA including climate change (134,275.23 kg CO2 eq), eutrophication (120.24 kg PO4 eq), acidification (1.54 kg SO2 eq), photochemical oxidation (0.36 kg ethylene eq), and human toxicity (0.15 kg 1.4-dichlorobenzene eq); 3) alternative recommendation could be conducted by reducing the usage of inorganic fertilizer, and utilizing cane trash (dry leaves, green leaves, and tops) as boiler fuel for production process in sugar factory. INDONESIABudidaya tebu menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif tersebut melalui efisiensi konsumsi energi, konsumsi sumber daya alam (SDA), serta pengelolaan limbah dan emisi. LCA merupakan salah satu metode untuk menganalisis dampak lingkungan dari budidaya tebu tanpa mempertimbangkan penggunaan tebu panen sebagai bahan baku industri gula (gate to gate). Metode yang digunakan untuk LCIA adalah CML (baseline). Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk: 1) menghitung penggunaan SDA dan energy, 2) menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi potensi dampak lingkungan, dan 3) menyajikan rekomendasi perbaikan untuk menurunkan dampak lingkungan. Data penelitian berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Unit fungsional pada penelitian ini adalah produksi 1 ton gula untuk satu tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) konsumsi SDA berupa lahan tebu seluas 0,233 ha, air sebanyak 2.223,117 m3 dan energi sebesar 19.234,254 MJ; 2) potensi dampak lingkungan yang dianalisis menggunakan OpenLCA menghasilkan 5 dampak lingkungan tertinggi, yaitu climate change (134.275,23 kg CO2 eq), eutrophication (120,24 kg PO4 eq), acidification (1,54 kg SO2 eq), photochemical oxidation (0,36 kg ethylene eq), and human toxicity (0,15 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq); 3) alternatif perbaikan yang direkomendasikan berupa penggunaan pupuk anorganik dengan dosis yang tepat dan memanfaatkan limbah pasca pane n (daun kering, serasah) sebagai bahan bakar boiler untuk proses produksi industri gula.
ANALISIS ASPEK INPUT PADA UPAYA PROMOSI PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF
Authors: Prasetyowati Tri Ari , Yuniastuti Ari , Handayani Oktia Woro Kasmini
Published: July 2019

ENGLISHThe benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are in accordance with one of the goals of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), namely reducing child mortality and improving maternal health. The research objective is to analyze the implementation of input aspects of promotional efforts for exclusive breastfeeding including: 1) human resources (HR), 2) funding resources, 3) infrastructure, and 4) availability of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). This research uses qualitative approach which is focused on efforts to promote exclusive breastfeeding. The informants of the study were determined by purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. Data collection technique uses in-depth interview. The results of the study are: 1) midwives become official workers to promote exclusive breastfeeding, 2) the funding for exclusive breastfeeding promotion comes from the government, 3) the infrastructures to support exclusive breastfeeding are available sufficiently, and 4) standard operating procedures to support exclusive breastfeeding are not available yet. Finally, The Government is recommended to strengthen exclusive breastfeeding promotions by allocating special promotion workers in sufficient number, providing SOPs to promote exclusive breastfeeding. INDONESIAManfaat pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif sesuai dengan salah satu tujuan dari Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) yaitu mengurangi tingkat kematian anak dan meningkatkan kesehatan ibu. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis implementasi aspek input upaya promosi pemberian ASI eksklusif yang meliputi: Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), sumber dana, sarana prasarana, dan ketersediaan SOP. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang difokuskan pada upaya-upaya promosi pemberian ASI eksklusif. Informan penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Teknik pengambilan data dengan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) sumber daya manusia yang melakukan promosi ASI eksklusif adalah bidan, 2) sumber dana promosi ASI eksklusif dari pemerintah berupa dana Bantuan Operasional Kesehatan (BOK), 3) ketersediaan sarana prasarana promosi ASI eksklusif sudah memadai, dan 4) belum tersedianya SOP promosi pemberian ASI eksklusif. Oleh karena itu Dinas Kesehatan perlu membuat SOP yang jelas untuk promosi pemberian ASI eksklusif bagi petugas promosi kesehatan. Puskesmas perlu melakukan upaya perekrutan tenaga khusus untuk promosi kesehatan.
FAKTOR DETERMINAN KONSISTENSI PEMAKAIAN KONDOM PADA PEKERJA SEKS PEREMPUAN
Authors: Murtono Dwi
Published: July 2019

ENGLISHAwareness level of condom use consistently among high-risk groups is still low. HIV/AIDS incidents can be triggered by inconsistency of condom use. The purpose of this research was to determine the factors associated with the consistency of condom usage in female sex workers. The research used a quantitative descriptive approach with a cross sectional design. The research period was from June to September 2018 with the location of research in the prostitution areas in Margorejo Subdistrict, Pati. Sample selection used incidental sampling with 70 respondents. Data analysis used Chi square (X2) with Confidence Interval (CI) value of 95% (α = 0.05) by using 2x2 table. The results of the research:  factors that are related to the consistency of condom use in female sex workers are income level and marital status. Low income sex workers will try to find clients as many as possible without using a condom. Meanwhile , the married clients or those who have wife tended to use condom when having sex with female sex workers due to protecting their spouses. INDONESIAKesadaran untuk menggunakan kondom secara konsisten pada kelompok seks berisiko masih rendah. Kejadian HIV/AIDS salah satunya dipicu oleh kelompok yang mempunyai perilaku penggunaan kondom yang tidak konsisten. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan konsistensi pemakaian kondom pada pekerja seks perempuan (PSP). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rancangan desain potong lintang. Waktu penelitian bulan Juni sampai dengan September 2018 dengan lokasi penelitian di Lokalisasi Kecamatan Margorejo. Pemilihan sampel dengan insidental sampling dengan jumlah 70 responden. Analisis data menggunakan Chi square (X2) dengan nilai Confidence Interval (CI) sebesar 95% (α=0,05) dengan menggunakan tabel 2x2. Hasil penelitian yaitu faktor yang berhu- bungan dengan konsistensi pemakaian kondom pada pekerja seks perempuan adalah tingkat penghasilan dan status pernikahan. Pekerja seks dengan penghasilan rendah akan berusaha mencari pelanggan sebanyak-banyaknya tanpa memakai kondom. Laki-laki yang telah menikah dan memiliki pasangan resmi (istri) cenderung untuk menggunakan kondom saat melakukan hubungan seks dengan pekerja seks perempuan untuk mencegah adanya dampak negatif terhadap pasangan resminya.
HUBUNGAN PERAN PERAWAT ASSOCIATE DALAM PELAKSANAAN TERAPI BERMAIN DI RUANG DAHLIA RSUD dr. H SOEWONDO KENDAL
Authors: Astuti Windy , Widyaningsih Tri Sakti , Tamrin Tamrin
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Dampak hospitalisasi yang dirasakan anak usia 0-5 tahun di ruang Dahlia RSUD Dr. H Soewondo Kendal harus segera diatasi. Salah satunya dengan terapi bermain. Terapi bermain di ruang Dahlia rumah sakit Dr. H Soewondo Kendal tidak pernah dilakukan oleh perawat Assosiate. Terapi bermain dilakukan ketika ada mahasiswa praktek. Salah satu alasan perawat Assosiate tidak melaksanakan terapi bermain anak adalah banyaknya pekerjaan diruangan yang harus dikerjakan. Terapi bermain hanya dilakukan oleh mahasiswa praktek dengan permainan seadanya sedangkan perawat Assosiate jarang melaksanakan, karena perawat merasa sudah ada keluarga yang melaksanakan terapi bermain, sehingga perawat bisa melakukan kegiatan yang lain.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan peran perawat associate dalam pelaksanaan  terapi bermain di ruang Dahlia RSUD dr. H Soewondo Kendal.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan analitik korelasional yaitu dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian cross sectional adalah penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel dimana variabel independen dan variabel dependen diidentifikasi pada waktu yang sama, artinya dalam penelitian cross sectional setiap responden hanya diobservasi satu kali saja dan pengukuran variabel responden dilakukan pada saat penelitian tersebut, kemudian peneliti tidak melakukan tindak lanjut. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua perawat Assosiate di ruang Dahlia RSUD Dr. H Soewondo Kendal dengan jumlah 19 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan Total Sampling.Hasil : Peran perawat Assosiate di ruang Dahlia RSUD Dr. H Soewondo Kendal yaitu Tidak dilaksanakan sebanyak 10 orang (55,6%) dan dilaksanakan sebanyak 5 orang (44,4%). Pelaksanaan terapi bermain di ruang Dahlia RSUD Dr. H Soewondo Kendal baik 5 orang (27,8%), kurang 13 orang (72,2%). Terdapat hubungan peran perawat Assosiate dalam pelaksanaan terapi bermain di ruang Dahlia RSUD Dr. H Soewondo Kendal dengan nilai p value 0,000.Kata Kunci : Peran perawat, perawat Assosiate, terapi bermain
Hubungan Usia Menarche, Riwayat Kontrasepsi dan Riwayat Perkawinan dengan Hasil Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asetat
Authors: Khanifah Milatun , Fitriyani F
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asetat (IVA) adalah salah satu metode deteksi dini penyakit kanker serviks yang cukup efektif di Indonesia. Beberapa faktor dapat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian lesi pra kanker. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan usia menarche, riwayat kontrasepsi, riwayat perkawinan dengan hasil pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asetat (IVA). Jenis penelitian kuantitatif non eksperimen. Populasi wanita usia subur yang melakukan pemeriksaan IVA di di Kabupaten Pekalongan sebanyak 151 responden. Pengambilan sampel dengan total populasi. Analisa data dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia menarche dengan hasil pemeriksaan IVA (p:0.125); tidak terdapat hubungan antara riwayat kontrasepsi dengan hasil pemeriksaan IVA (p:1.000), dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara riwayat perkawinan dengan hasil pemeriksaan IVA (p:0,114). Upaya deteksi dini perlu dilakukan pada wanita usia subur tanpa memperhatikan faktor risiko.Kata Kunci: faktor risiko, inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) ABSTRACTInspection of Visual Acetate Inspection (IVA) is one of the effective methods of early detection of cervical cancer in Indonesia. Several factors can influence the incidence of pre-cancerous lesions. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of age of menarche, contraceptive history, marital history with the results of visual acetate (IVA) inspection. Type of non-experimental quantitative research. The population of women of childbearing age who conducted IVA examinations in Pekalongan District was 151 respondents. Sampling is total population. Data analysis with chi square test. The results showed that there was no relationship between age of menarche and the results of IVA examination (p: 0.125); there was no association between contraceptive history and the results of IVA examination (p: 1,000), and there was no relationship between marital history and IVA examination results (p: 0.114). Early detection efforts need to be carried out on women of childbearing age regardless of risk factors. Keywords: risk factors, Inspection of Visual Acetate Inspection (IVA)
Bi-Level Multi-Objective Production Planning Problem with Multi-Choice Parameters: A Fuzzy Goal Programming Algorithm
Authors: Kamal Murshid , Gupta Srikant , Chatterjee Prasenjit , Pamucar Dragan , Stevic Zeljko
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with the modeling and optimization of a bi-level multi-objective production planning problem, where some of the coefficients of objective functions and parameters of constraints are multi-choice. A general transformation technique based on a binary variable has been used to transform the multi-choices parameters of the problem into their equivalent deterministic form. Finally, two different types of secularization technique have been used to achieve the maximum degree of individually membership goals by minimizing their deviational variables and obtained the most satisfactory solution of the formulated problem. An illustrative real case study of production planning has been discussed and, also compared to validate the efficiency and usefulness of the proposed work.