bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggregation‐Induced Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence from Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Derivative Nanosheets for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Human Telomerase RNA
Authors: Han Tingting , Geng Yu‐Qian , Zhang Min , Cao Yue , Zhu Jun‐Jie
Published: September 2023

The traditional tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex suffers from the notorious aggregation‐caused quenching effect, which greatly compromises its electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency, thus hindering further applications in biosensing and clinical diagnosis. Here, the ultrathin tetraphenylethylene‐active tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) derivative nanosheets (abbreviated as Ru‐TPE NSs) are synthesized through a protein‐assisted self‐assembly strategy for ultrasensitive ECL detection of human telomerase RNA (hTR) for the first time. The synthesized Ru‐TPE NSs exhibit the aggregation‐induced enhanced ECL behavior and excellent water‐dispersion. Surprisingly, up to a 106.5‐fold increase in the ECL efficiency of Ru‐TPE NSs is demonstrated compared with the dispersed molecules in an organic solution. The restriction of intramolecular motions is confirmed to be responsible for the significant ECL enhancement. Therefore, this proposed ECL biosensor shows high sensitivity and excellent selectivity for hTR based on Ru‐TPE NSs as efficient ECL beacons and the catalytic hairpin assembly as signal amplification, whose detection limit is as low as 8.0 fm, which is far superior to the previously reported works. Here, a promising analytical method is provided for early clinical diagnosis and a new type of efficient ECL emitters with great application prospects is represented.
Enhancing c‐fosmRNA Expression in Primary Cortical Cell Cultures with a Dynamic Magnetic Fields Device
Authors: Shibata Takashi , Ihara Daisuke , Kirihara Yuji , Yagi Tohru , Tabuchi Akiko , Kuroda Satoshi
Published: September 2023

Magnetic fields have the potential to impact biological systems and trigger various biological responses. However, the mechanisms underlying dynamic magnetic fields (DMFs), which are created by rotating magnets based on Arago's disk principle and include eddy currents, Lorentz forces, and magnetic fields, are not well understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of DMFs on gene expression in primary cultured cortical cells. To simulate DMFs, rotating magnets were used to confirm magnetic flux density, current density, and Lorentz force. Primary cortical cell cultures were then exposed to moderate‐intensity DMFs with a frequency of 40 Hz for 1 h per day over 3 days. The expression of neuroplasticity‐related immediate early genes, including proto‐oncogene c‐fos, activity‐regulated cytoskeleton‐associated protein (Arc) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were quantified. The simulation of DMFs generated a periodic magnetic flux density of up to 131 mT, a periodic current density of up to 1.69 A/m2, and a periodic Lorentz force of up to 0.88 nN in the dish. Exposure to DMFs increased c‐fos mRNA expression in primary cortical cell cultures, but did not affect Arc and BDNF expression. The findings suggest that exposure of DMFs in the gamma frequency range, which may be regulated by voltage‐, mechanical‐, and magnetic flux‐sensitive ion channels, could enhance c‐fos expression in primary cortical cell cultures. The device using rotating magnets has the potential to facilitate the development of a cost‐effective and user‐friendly cell culture system based on the principle of Arago's disk. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Investigation of gastrointestinal injury‐related biomarkers in dairy cattle with displaced abomasum
Authors: Ider Merve , Yildiz Ramazan , Naseri Amir , Gülersoy Erdem , Alkan Fahrettin , Ok Mahmut , Erturk Alper , Sulu Kadir , Durgut Murat Kaan
Published: September 2023

Background

Displaced abomasum (DA) is one of the most important metabolic disorders of dairy cattle. In DA, ischaemic damage may occur as a result of impaired perfusion due to abomasal displacement, which may result in gastrointestinal mucosal damage.

Objective

Investigation of gastrointestinal tissue damage in cattle with right displacement of the abomasum (RDA) and left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) using intestinal‐related biomarkers.

Methods

Forty‐eight DA (24 LDA, 24 RDA) and 15 healthy Holstein dairy cows were enrolled between March 2021 and July 2022. Serum biomarkers including gamma‐enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTG‐2), liver‐fatty acid binding proteins (L‐FABP), platelet activating factor (PAF), trefoil factor‐3 (TFF‐3), leptin, claudin‐3 and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) concentrations were measured from venous blood samples.

Results

L‐FABP concentrations in the LDA group and TFF‐3 concentrations in the RDA group were lower than in the control group. The leptin concentration of the RDA group was higher than that of the other groups. There was a negative correlation between lactate, leptin and IL‐8 concentrations. There was a negative correlation between lactate and TFF‐3, whereas leptin and lactate were positively correlated. Leptin was the more reliable biomarker for discriminating between RDA and LDA cases.

Conclusion

Changes in serum L‐FABP, TFF‐3 and leptin concentrations in cattle with DA may reflect acute intestinal injury and the subsequent repair phase. However, these biomarkers had poor diagnostic performance in discriminating between healthy and cattle with DA, while leptin emerged as the most useful marker in differentiating LDA from RDA cases.
Fractal‐fractional analysis and numerical simulation for the heat transfer of ZnO + Al2O3 + TiO2/DW based ternary hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Murtaza Saqib , Kumam Poom , Sutthibutpong Thana , Suttiarporn Panawan , Srisurat Thanarak , Ahmad Zubair
Published: September 2023

Nanofluids are used to achieve maximum thermal performance with the smallest concentration of nanoparticles and stable suspension in conventional fluids. The effectiveness of nanofluids in convection processes is significantly influenced by their increased thermophysical characteristics. However, this technology is not ended here; binary and ternary nanofluids are now used to improve the efficiency of regular fluids. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the natural convection Newtonian ternary nanofluid flow in a vertical channel. The tri‐hybridized nanoparticles of zinc oxide ZnO, Aluminum oxide Al2O3, and titanium oxide TiO2 is dissolved in base fluid distilled water (DW) to form a homogenous suspension. The impact of thermal radiation, joule heating, and viscous dissipation are also assumed. The classical Newtonian ternary nanofluid model has been generalized by using fractal‐fractional derivative (FFD) operator. The generalized model has been discretized by using the Crank–Nicolson scheme and then solved by using computational software. To analyze the behavior of fluid flow and heat distribution in fluid, the obtained solution was computed numerically and then plotted in response to different physical parameters. It is noted from the figure that when the volume fraction ϕ reaches to 0.04 (4% of the base fluid), the ternary nanofluid flow shows a significant amount of enhancement in heat transfer rate as compared to binary and unary nanofluid flows. This enhancement in the rate of heat transfer leads to improve the thermophysical characteristics such as viscosity, thermal expansion, and heat capacity etc. of the base fluid. It is also worth mentioning here that the thermal field is also enhance with the higher values of Eckert number , radiation parameter , and joule heating parameter .
Innovation and Smart Cities Research: A Review and Future Directions
Authors: Ramdani Boumediene , Kawalek Peter
Published: September 2023

This chapter aims to review existing evidence and map research on innovation in smart cities. Based on data from 822 articles and chapters, bibliometric analyses were performed to capture descriptive statistics and key themes of this field of research. The results of our descriptive analysis show that interest in this field of research is increasing, and substantial contributions have been made in the past 12 years. Moreover, the results from co-citation analysis show that innovation in smart city research is grounded in four clusters: open, urban, sustainable, and digital innovation. Key contributions within each theme will be discussed, and future research opportunities will be highlighted.
Smart Green Planning for Urban Environments: The City Digital Twin of Imola
Authors: Gholami Mansoureh , Torreggiani Daniele , Barbaresi Alberto , Tassinari Patrizia
Published: September 2023

Urban green spaces are significant in adjusting the urban microclimate. Street trees are the most influential type of urban vegetation in reducing heat stress. However, simulating trees’ 3D models, wind flow, surface temperature, and radiation parameters in complex urban settings and producing high-resolution microclimate maps is often time-consuming and requires extensive computing processes. Therefore, efficient approaches are needed to visualize green scenarios for the future development of the cities. Smart green planning of Imola aims at developing a microclimate digital twin for the city that provides complementary and supportive roles in the collection and processing of micrometeorological data, automates microclimate modeling, and represents climatic interactions virtually. This chapter sets out to explore the smart green planning of Imola in two parts. The first part is focused on the potential and intentions of developing the urban microclimate digital twin for the city of Imola and its conceptual framework. The second part aims at testing and evaluating the applicability of the proposed microclimate digital twin by implementing it in the city of Imola. This digital twin can provide urban planners and policymakers with a precise and useful methodology for real-time simulation of the cooling effects of the trees and other green systems on urban-scale, pedestrian-level thermal comfort, and also a guarantee for the functionality of policies in different urban settings.
MUST-B: A Multiagent Model to Address the Future Challenges of Sustainable Urban Development
Authors: Zerguini Seghir , Gaussier Nathalie
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents the MUST-B model based on a systemic modeling that aims to address some of the future challenges of the smart cities. MUST-B stands for “Integrated Modeling of Land-Use – Transport for application in the Bordeaux agglomeration” and is funded by the Region Nouvelle Aquitaine. MUST-B is based on systemic land-use/transport modeling about how the land and property markets operate, and the interdependent factors for selecting the locations of households and employment. MUST-B is an agent-oriented model which simulates household and job location choices. It is based on an auction mechanism that models competition between agents in the real estate market (existing property holdings, including residential, industrial, and tertiary) and in the land property market (from buildable land reserves) over a given timeframe. This auction procedure is based on maximizing the utility provided to the agent by a given location: housing for a household and an area for business activity for employment premises. Utility is a function of several characteristics relating to the space and premises occupied, such as accessibility, surface area, energy quality of the building, notoriety, agglomeration effects and taxes, or property prices, the latter being endogenous. In this chapter, the mechanisms and functioning of the land property and real estate markets, which prevail in MUST-B, are presented. Methodological choices and behavioral guidelines for agents (households/workplaces) are also set out.
A Systematic Literature Review on Station Area Integrating Micromobility in Europe: A Twenty-First Century Transit-Oriented Development
Authors: Moinse Dylan
Published: September 2023

The increasing popularity of the bicycle, coupled with the emerging new micromobility solutions, such as personal electric micro-vehicles or sharing systems, calls for renewed attention to the smart urban and transport planning strategy advocated by the conventional Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) model. These personal and shared mobility devices constitute an opportunity to enhance accessibility to the public transport network, leading to a TOD vision revisited by the contribution of individual light modes. Given the relatively recent and extensive documentation related to micromobility and public transport integration, a systematic literature review was undertaken to reflect the state of research literature on the redefinition of the TOD perimeter by micromobility, with a focus on the European context. Nineteen of the 3955 articles recorded met the inclusion criteria specified in the methodology protocol. The analyzed papers clearly highlight TOD boundaries extended to about 3 km, suggesting the redistribution of variables toward residential and cycling-friendly areas beyond the first walking kilometer. This chapter uncovers gaps in existing academic literature, with the near absence of Eastern and Southern Europe case studies, innovative micromobility options such as private or shared electric bikes and scooters, impact assessment on neighborhoods, and the application of qualitative research methods.
Evaluating the Benefits of Promoting Intermodality and Active Modes in Urban Transportation: A Microsimulation Approach
Authors: Bennaya Souhir , Kilani Moez
Published: September 2023

The objective of this chapter is to show how microsimulation can be used to study urban transportation problems, in particular those issues related to sustainable transport and innovations. A theoretical, though representative, geometry of an urban area with a set of concentric and radial roads is considered for the analysis. Microsimulation, which provides a precise description of traffic flows, is used to draw a detailed accounting of emissions of pollutant gases and fuel consumption. In the base-case situation, the private car is the main transport mode. We then consider alternative scenarios where users are allowed to switch to public transportation or biking. A combination of walking, biking, and public transportation is also allowed. Under this intermodal setting, we find that congestion level, fuel consumption, and emissions of pollutant gases decrease significantly (up to 30%).
Smart Cities Initiatives and Perspectives in the MENA Region and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Belaïd Fateh , Amine Razan , Massie Camille
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on the evolution of smart cities in developing countries. It starts by mapping the definitions and evolutions of smart cities concepts. Then it outlines the progress and current practices that emerging economies, in general, have achieved in their transition towards smart cities and the significant key challenges and takeaways that can be acquired so far. It analyses what could have been done better and what factors are still missing in smoothening this transition. Furthermore, it zooms into the smart city initiatives in Saudi Arabia to better extract lessons learned and the way to move forward. The analysis suggests measures that each actor can take: the public, private and international sides to further smoothen the transition to address the rising challenges of urbanization in emerging economies.
Smart Transportation Systems in Smart Cities: Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities for Saudi Cities
Authors: Anwar A. H. M. Mehbub , Oakil Abu Toasin
Published: September 2023

Smart transportation is an approach that incorporates modern technologies into transportation systems to improve the efficiency of urban mobility. Cities worldwide call digital technologies to harness their development to address potential challenges and concerns, which provoke technology-driven practices in urban context. Big data and technologies now offer tools, techniques, and information that can improve how cities function. Consequently, urban process and practices are becoming highly responsive to a form of technology-driven urbanism, that is the key mode of production for smart urban development. This furnishes the prospect of building models of smart sustainable cities performing in real time from routinely available data. This in turn allows to monitor, understand, analyze, and plan such cities to improve their urban efficiency and promotes new urban intelligence functions as an advanced form of decision support. Although technology-driven approach to transport analysis and management is emerging as smart city principle, the application is limited in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This chapter investigates the potentials and the role of technology-driven solutions in improving and advancing urban transport management in the context of smart cities. It also explores the relevant practices as well as potentials in smart urban development context for Saudi cities. Our approach of technology-driven urban management will envision cities as a complex social and technological ecosystem and build on lessons learned from the research at city level and conceptualizes actors and institutions in a technology-driven urban management for Saudi cities toward achieving liveable smart city.
Smart Cities from an Indian Perspective: Evolving Ambitions
Authors: Bhatt Yagyavalk , Roychoudhury Jitendra
Published: September 2023

Indian urban infrastructure is in the middle of a massive build-up. For several decades, Indian cities were caught between the demands of an exploding population and the need to provide infrastructure in terms of health, education, transport, and services to meet the core needs of the citizenry. With increasing prosperity and leveraging the strengths of one of the world’s largest and fast-growing economies, Indian policymakers seek to correct their previous underinvestment in city infrastructure. Smart City Mission, Swachh Bharat Mission, and Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation are some of the policy vehicles planned for a broad transformation of India’s urban agenda. This chapter highlights some of the policy initiatives focused on meeting the objectives of Smart Cities. These policy initiatives are expected to help address the current service delivery gap from an urban infrastructure standpoint. By incorporating technology, improving digital access, innovations in traffic management, investments in mobility solutions, and ensuring that the heritage of the Indian cities is maintained, India seeks to answer the challenge of urbanization of millions. These policy mechanisms and the lessons from their successes and failures constitute this chapter’s core. Indian urban infrastructure developments are unique globally, primarily because of the varying range of urbanization across the country, the contextual rationale and the evolving aspirations of the policymakers, and the devolution of developmental powers to local bodies. The Indian experience of implementing the Smart Cities objectives would be unique in the world, given the scale of the massive investments and the millions of citizens whose lives are impacted.
Financing of Smart City Projects
Authors: Shahrour Isam
Published: September 2023

This chapter deals with financing smart city projects, which generally constitutes a significant barrier to smart city transformation. The chapter is organized into four sections. The first section presents the emergence and evolution of the smart city concept, and then it discusses the barriers facing this concept with an emphasis on financing smart city projects. The second section highlights the city challenges and the need for a smart city transformation to respond to citizens’ demand for modernized services and the legally binding international treaties on climate change. The third presents the smart city concept with an emphasis on the capacity of the city to address city challenges and the architecture of the smart city system. The last section describes the need and financing for the main sectors of the smart city: communication infrastructures, data infrastructures, public infrastructures and services, and private infrastructures and services. The chapter shows that considering city challenges and the city’s role in global challenges, smart city transformation becomes a must. Smart city financing could be covered by regional and green funds, savings related to reducing energy consumption, and increased competitiveness gained by digital transformation.
Smart Cities: Development and Benefits
Authors: Amine Razan
Published: September 2023

With rapidly increasing urbanization, new ways of living and policies are racing to catch the train of modernization while meeting the changing demands of growing populations. Following the introduction, the second part of this chapter describes the pillars of smart cities as a response to growing worldwide urbanization. The third part details benefits across areas, including economic, demographic, environmental, social, and health. The fourth part sheds light on the nature of governance required for this transition into intelligent and interconnected cities. However, on the path of transition, governments face significant challenges—outlined in part fifth. Finally, given the great need for data-driven policy, the final section suggests ways of smart data collection that meet the standards of research and governance in smart cities. The last part concludes.
Cities: The New Form of International Environmental Governance
Authors: El Mir Jamila
Published: September 2023

Traditionally, international environmental agreements have taken the form of national bilateral or multilateral commitments made by the national governments of the respective parties. With the increased urbanization that happened in the twentieth century, the world has seen a growing number of collaborations happening at the city level between local governments. This movement began in the early 1900s and grew considerably in number starting in the 1990s, reflecting the growing prominence of cities as global actors in environmental action and sustainability transitions. This chapter examines the different dynamics cities apply with their host national governments and international organizations. It covers the key tools within their hands that empower them to become global actors. The chapter then explores the key blind spots cities display as global actors, highlighting the limitations that they face in acting as a parallel platform for international environmental governance.
Back to the Future: Tapping into Ancient Knowledge Toward Human-Centered Sustainable Smart Cities
Authors: Petrucci Anna Laura
Published: September 2023

Terms such as resilient, smart, and sustainable are often used as synonyms in defining future cities. While pointing out specific features and objectives, the implementation of each one of the concepts cannot exist if not implying the other two. A city cannot be resilient if not based on a wide range of sustainability concepts and principles of smart growth and social engagement. It cannot be smart without considering long-term perspectives and adaptability; it cannot, finally, be sustainable if not observing resilience and smart approaches to design and infrastructures. What is worth highlighting here, is how, on smart cities, academic and technical literature mainly focuses on technology, while omitting the traditional urban requirements of sustainability, resilience, and quality of life. Smart cities are cities first; are social built environments, where advanced technologies provide smart data collection and delivery to offer their inhabitants a better quality of life, and before that, offering livable physical solutions enabling social and facilitating interaction. In a metaphor, public space is the hardware, where technological software can be applied; public space is the platform where data exchange is made possible.
Environmental Retrofitting, Fighting Urban Heat Island Toward NEZ Sustainable Smart Cities
Authors: Petrucci Anna Laura
Published: September 2023

The discovery of the physical phenomenon of heat island dates back to 1833 when Luke Howard undertakes on the air temperature in London and its surroundings. His research showed how, already at that time, winds get stopped and pulled up by the intensive urbanization, reducing the quality of the outdoor environment while turning cold into warmer areas within the urban settlements (Mills 2008). The last centuries confirmed how intense urbanization can make the temperature rise to several degrees, activating a vicious circle where car and energy use become more necessary, and co-cause for further temperature arise. No doubt, cities are—literally—heat islands if compared to their surroundings. The crescent environmental stress is the main challenge while targeting quality of life in today’s urbanization, in order to enable the public space to welcome citizens and encourage their outdoor activities. It requires a consistent commitment to the built environment and the awareness of the main role of public space as an interactive platform for a sustainable and human-centered smart city. As matter of fact, it is the public space where social life shapes and grows. The public space was often defined as the smart city's interface. So, smart cities need to generate and maintain a welcoming, healthy, livable, vibrant public space to have a reason to be. The scope of smart cities is to create a space first, the infrastructure to strengthen the connections among people and between people to the place. (Petrucci 2022) Cities worldwide must respond to a growing and diverse population, ever-shifting economic conditions, new technologies, and a changing climate. The task becomes especially challenging in extreme climate environments, such as in the Far East, in the African continent, or in the GCCs, which are also the countries where the most extensive urbanizations are taking place. Both intense urbanization growth and extreme weather conditions make here mandatory, more than everywhere else, an integrated strategy to achieve livable and sustainable cities through the fight against the urban heat island.
Echo from Noise: Synthetic Ultrasound Image Generation Using Diffusion Models for Real Image Segmentation
Authors: Stojanovski David , Hermida Uxio , Lamata Pablo , Beqiri Arian , Gomez Alberto
Published: September 2023

We propose a novel pipeline for the generation of synthetic ultrasound images via Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) guided by cardiac semantic label maps. We show that these synthetic images can serve as a viable substitute for real data in the training of deep-learning models for ultrasound image analysis tasks such as cardiac segmentation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we generated synthetic 2D echocardiograms and trained a neural network for segmenting the left ventricle and left atrium. The performance of the network trained on exclusively synthetic images was evaluated on an unseen dataset of real images and yielded mean Dice scores of $$88.6 \pm 4.91$$

88.6
±
4.91

, $$91.9 \pm 4.22$$

91.9
±
4.22

, $$85.2 \pm 4.83$$

85.2
±
4.83

% for left ventricular endocardium, epicardium and left atrial segmentation respectively. This represents a relative increase of 9.2, 3.3 and 13.9% in Dice scores compared to the previous state-of-the-art. The proposed pipeline has potential for application to a wide range of other tasks across various medical imaging modalities.
Teachers’ Knowledge in Informatics—Exploring Educational Robotics Resources Through the Lens of Textual Data Analysis
Authors: Parriaux Gabriel , Reffay Christophe , Drot-Delange Béatrice , Khaneboubi Mehdi
Published: September 2023

In this research, we are interested in the knowledge of primary and secondary teachers to teach informatics. Using pedagogical resources produced by them as a trace of their enacted Pedagogical Content Knowledge (ePCK), we perform Textual Data Analysis and Clustering to discover the topics they write about. Focusing on resources in educational robotics, we show that lexicon used by teachers is different depending on the robot they use. Reinert’s clustering associates each robot with a separate cluster and a specific vocabulary. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) shows an opposition between lexicon found in resources using event-driven robots (Thymio and Ozobot) and in resources using sequential robots (Beebot and Bluebot). Event-driven robots tend to be more related with events and behavior notions, as sequential robots tend to be more related with first manipulations of an object and programming notions.
Investigating the Role of ChatGPT in Supporting Text-Based Programming Education for Students and Teachers
Authors: Wieser Markus , Schöffmann Klaus , Stefanics Daniela , Bollin Andreas , Pasterk Stefan
Published: September 2023

Teaching text-based programming poses significant challenges in both school and university contexts. This study explores the potential of ChatGPT as a sustainable didactic tool to support students, freshmen, and teachers. By focusing on a beginner’s course with examples also relevant to vocational schools, we investigated three research questions. First, the extent to which ChatGPT assists students in solving and understanding initial examples; secondly, the feasibility of teachers utilizing the chatbot for grading student solutions; and finally, the additional support ChatGPT provides in terms of teaching. Our findings demonstrate that ChatGPT offers valuable guidance for teachers in terms of assessment and grading and aids students in understanding and optimizing their solutions.
Einleitung
Authors: Ackermann Heike
Published: September 2023

Lehrkräftefortbildungen für KulturSchule sind etwas Besonderes und dies nicht nur, weil sie an Lehrerinnen und Lehrer aller Unterrichtsfächer gerichtet sind: Durch professionell inszenierte Impulse erleben und erfahren sie in der Fortbildung qua ihrer ästhetischen Wahrnehmung etwas über sich und ihr schlummerndes kreatives Potential. Dies kann (und soll) inspirierend wirken, um sich in kleinen und größer werdenden Ideen für den eigenen Unterricht und auch in neuen Möglichkeiten für eine Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Lehrkräften niederzuschlagen. Bestimmte Wege hierzu sind nicht vorgegeben, aber die eigene Erfahrung und unterstützende Peer-Selbstlernformate sowie die Begleitung der eigenen Schule in der Weiterentwicklung, sich als KulturSchule eine unverwechselbare pädagogische Charakteristik zu geben und das schulische Lernen sinnlich wahrnehmbar zu machen, geben eine Richtung vor. Mehr Freude und Lust am Experimentieren für Schülerinnen und Schüler und für ihre Initiatoren einer anderen Lernkultur scheinen garantiert.
Die Einführung thematisiert den Stellenwert von Lehrkräftefortbildungen im Allgemeinen, die Bedeutung ästhetischer Wahrnehmung für das Lernen und die Notwendigkeit in der Schule, das Erfordernis eines Transfermanagements für eine Unterrichtsentwicklung in der Einzelschule. Am Ende wird ein Aufriss über die Struktur der Darstellung gegeben.
Das Landesprogramm KulturSchule Hessen
Authors: Ackermann Heike
Published: September 2023

Kulturelle Bildung fasst Fuß in der Schule. Begünstigt durch die Zunahme ganztägigen Lernens sollen Kinder und Jugendliche aus allen Sozialschichten einen Zugang zu kultureller Praxis bekommen. Seit 1999 ist kulturelle Praxis als besonderes Bildungs- und Erziehungsziel im Hessischen Schulgesetz verankert. Vor dem Hintergrund einzelner langjähriger Entwicklungslinien und vier ‚Versuchsschulen‘ und mit dem Hintergrund einer bildungs- und kulturpolitischen Aufmerksamkeit auf die Bedeutung Kultureller Bildung hat Hessen 2008 ein KulturSchul-Programm unter dem Motto „eine Kunst für jeden“ aufgesetzt. Welche Änderungen im Schulprogramm an KulturSchulen damit bezweckt sind und welche Unterstützungsstruktur das KulturSchul-Programm Hessen bietet, stellt dieses Kapitel dar.
Tag X
Authors: Ackermann Heike
Published: September 2023

Zu den profilierten Fortbildungsformaten für KulturSchule gehört »Tag X«, der auch von Lehrkräften, die nicht an KulturSchulen unterrichten, besucht werden kann. Auf der Basis von Programmbeschreibungen und Interviews wird in diesem Kapitel das Konzept rekonstruiert. Durch die Resonanz der Teilnehmer wird deutlich, wie die didaktischen Zielsetzungen wahrgenommen werden. Teilnehmende Beobachtung ermöglicht die vertiefende Beschreibung und Analyse dieser flexibel einsetzbaren Gestaltungsform , die auch in Kultureinrichtungen stattfinden kann.
Chemical Mutagenesis of Coffea arabica L. var. Venecia Cell Suspensions Using EMS
Authors: Jankowicz-Cieslak Joanna , Goessnitzer Florian , Ingelbrecht Ivan L. W.
Published: September 2023

Arabica coffee is widely grown in Latin America where it is under threat of leaf rust, a fungal disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix. As a perennial crop, conventional breeding of Arabica coffee is challenged by its long juvenile period and narrow genetic base. Plant mutants are important resources for crop breeding and functional genomics studies. The ethylating agent ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is widely used for inducing random point mutations. In a wide range of species, treatment with EMS causes GC-to-AT transitions with great efficiency. These properties, combined with ease of use, make EMS a mutagen of choice for induced mutagenesis. In vitro cell and tissue culture integrated with mutation induction provide an attractive approach for broadening the genetic base and breeding purposes, especially for perennial crops such as Arabica coffee. Embryogenic cell cultures are suitable targets for mutation induction and can accelerate the development of chimera-free mutant plantlets. Here we describe a robust protocol for EMS mutagenesis of embryogenic cell suspensions of Coffea arabica var. Venecia. Dose-response curves were established within 3–4 weeks and showed LD30 and LD50 values in the range of 0.5% and 0.6% EMS respectively. Methods and media used for development of the treated cell suspensions and conversion to in vitro plantlets are also described.
Fokussierte Auswertung: …mit Blick auf das Abstrakte
Authors: Möller Ellen Franziska
Published: September 2023

Im ersten, fokussierten Teil der Auswertung wird besonders untersucht, inwieweit die Kinder sich nach Einsatz eines bestimmten Zugangs abstrakt äußern. Das Analyseinstrument nach Daniel und Gagnon (2011) wird als Grundlage der Auswertung verwendet und nach einem ersten Materialdurchgang um induktiv gebildete Kategorien ergänzt. Zuerst wird die Auswertungsmethode vorgestellt (vgl. Kap. 10.1), im Anschluss die Ergebnisse präsentiert (vgl. Kap. 10.2).
Fazit
Authors: Möller Ellen Franziska
Published: September 2023

Das folgende Fazit fasst zunächst die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie mit Blick auf die Forschungsfrage und das Forschungsinteresse zusammen (vgl. Kap. 12.1). Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen werden anschließend unterrichtspraktische Konsequenzen erörtert: Sollte man Kürzesttexte im Philosophieunterricht in der Primarstufe einsetzen (vgl. Kap. 12.2)? Das Kapitel schließt mit einem Ausblick auf offene Forschungsfragen (vgl. Kap. 12.3).
Forschungsinteresse und Forschungsfrage
Authors: Möller Ellen Franziska
Published: September 2023

Ob man das Fach Praktische Philosophie in der Primarstufe einführen sollte, wird gegenwärtig nicht mehr diskutiert. Bedeutsam und viel diskutiert hingegen ist die Frage, wie man mit Kindern philosophieren kann. Wer diese Frage beantwortet, tut dies in der Regel aufgrund gewisser Annahmen und Einstellungen, die selbst nicht unbedingt offengelegt werden.
Philosophieren mit Kindern: Philosophiedidaktisches Verständnis
Authors: Möller Ellen Franziska
Published: September 2023

Im Folgenden wird die Definition des Philosophierens als ein Prozess, der ein abstraktes Element enthält, ausgeschärft. Zum einen wird der Begriff des Abstrakten in gebotener Kürze so umrissen, dass die gewonnene Arbeitsdefinition den hier gestellten Anforderungen genügt (vgl. Kap. 3.1). Zum anderen wird herausgearbeitet, inwiefern das Philosophieren aus philosophiedidaktischer Sicht als ein Prozess beschrieben werden kann (vgl. Kap. 3.2).
Philosophieren mit Kindern: Entwicklungspsychologische Voraussetzungen
Authors: Möller Ellen Franziska
Published: September 2023

In den vorigen Kapiteln wird das philosophiedidaktische Verständnis offengelegt, das der vorliegenden Arbeit zugrunde liegt; das Philosophieren mit Kindern ist also bereits näher bestimmt. Nun gilt es, Besonderheiten des Philosophierens mit Kindern herauszustellen: Philosophisch anmutende Äußerungen von Kindern werden oftmals sehr unterschiedlich interpretiert, und die Interpretation ist in einem hohen Maß davon abhängig, welche philosophischen Leistungen Kindern zugetraut werden. Kaum jemand bestreitet, dass das Denken sich mit fortschreitendem Alter verändert, dass also das kindliche Denken im Alter von sechs bis zehn Jahren sich von dem Denken Heranwachsender oder Erwachsener unterscheidet.
Forschungsfrage und Übersicht
Authors: Möller Ellen Franziska
Published: September 2023

Vor dem Hintergrund der zentralen Herausforderung des Philosophierens mit Kindern und dem in Kapitel 5.2 skizzierten Lösungsvorschlag lautet die Forschungsfrage der Studie.
Erhebungsmethode
Authors: Möller Ellen Franziska
Published: September 2023

In diesem Kapitel wird das methodische Vorgehen in der Erhebung dargestellt. Dieses Kapitel vermittelt einen fundierten Eindruck davon, auf welche Weise das Datenmaterial gewonnen wurde. Die Erhebung ist als explorative, quasiexperimentelle Feldstudie, als Längsschnittstudie angelegt (vgl. Kap. 7.1), bei der die Daten hauptsächlich in zwei Lerngruppen mittels Videographie erhoben werden (vgl. Kap. 7.2).
Inhaltliche Konzeption
Authors: Möller Ellen Franziska
Published: September 2023

In diesem Kapitel wird das inhaltliche Vorgehen in der Erhebung dargestellt. Wie genau die Kinder auf die Unterrichtsinhalte reagieren, wird in diesem Kapitel nicht thematisiert und ist Gegenstand der Auswertung in Kapitel 10 und Kapitel 11. In Kapitel 8.1 werden die Prinzipien der Unterrichtsgestaltung zusammengefasst.
Women’s Chronological Pathways to IT Education
Authors: Corneliussen Hilde G.
Published: September 2023

What are the key factors and driving forces that make women enter the fields of information technology (IT), despite the many gendered barriers revisited in Chap. 2? This chapter analyses the narratives of 24 women’s chronological pathways from childhood to entering a university degree in IT. The chapter illustrates six different pathways that led the women to pursue a degree in IT, each analysed in terms of the positive drivers, including interest in IT, recruitment measures, an accidental choice, finding a safe platform in other disciplines, and a detour before discovering IT. Only one pathway identified the image of IT as suitable for women as a driving force. This, however, was shared by women from other countries, highlighting the specific cultural construction of the Norwegian women’s narratives.
Girls Don’t Walk Alone: Supporters’ Investment in Welcoming Girls and Women into Fields of IT
Authors: Corneliussen Hilde G.
Published: September 2023

Schools have an important role to play in making youth choose less gender-stereotypical educations. Schools can also play a significant role in opening the door to IT as a potential education for a wide group of young women. Through interviews with representatives from 12 Norwegian lower and upper secondary schools, this chapter explores how they consider their role in encouraging girls and women to become familiar with, and to consider studying, IT. Gender equality is a treasured value in Norwegian educational policy; however, schools have diverging views on what gender equality means in relation to IT, and also how to achieve it. The analysis demonstrates a lack of regulation and conformity in how schools address issues of motivating and encouraging girls to consider IT as a field of study.
Gender Patterns, Equality Paradoxes, and Lessons for an Inclusive Digital Future
Authors: Corneliussen Hilde G.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this book was to answer the question: what makes women enter fields of IT? This final chapter will sum up the lessons from studying the women’s chronological pathways, space invader experiences, and reconstructions of IT, discussing the implications they might have for women, educational environments, and researchers. Learning points from barriers as well as turning points, and reconstructions that supported the women’s entries into a university degree in IT, can become guidelines for an ecosystem of supporters interested in making a more gender-inclusive digital future. This involves a discussion of how this field is riddled with a gender equality paradox and a counter-productive postfeminist reaction that results in a non-performative gender equality norm.
An effective method for the simultaneous extraction of 173 contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater invasive species and its application
Authors: Manjarrés-López Diana P. , Vitale Dyana , Callejas-Martos Sandra , Usuriaga Martí , Picó Yolanda , Pérez Sandra , Montemurro Nicola
Published: September 2023

A robust and efficient extraction method was developed to detect a broad range of pollutants of emerging interest in three freshwater invasive species: American red crab (Prokambarus clarkii), Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea), and pumpkinseed fish (Lepomis gibbosus). One native species, “petxinot” clam (Anodonta cygnea), was also evaluated. Invasive species are often more resistant to contamination and could be used in biomonitoring studies to assess the effect of contaminants of emerging concern on aquatic ecosystems while preserving potentially threatened native species. So far, most extraction methods developed for this purpose have focused on analyzing fish and generally focus on a limited number of compounds, especially analyzing compounds from the same family. In this sense, we set out to optimize a method that would allow the simultaneous extraction of 87 PhACs, 11 flame retardants, 21 per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, and 54 pesticides. The optimized method is based on ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction. Two tests were performed during method development, one to choose the extraction solvent with the best recovery efficiencies and one to select the best clean-up. The analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method obtained recoveries between 40 and 120% and relative standard deviations of less than 25% for 85% of the analytes in the four validated matrices. Limits of quantification between 0.01 ng g−1 and 22 ng g−1 were obtained. Application of the method on real samples from the Albufera Natural Park of Valencia (Spain) confirmed the presence of contaminants of emerging concern in all samples, such as acetaminophen, hydrochlorothiazide, tramadol, PFOS, carbendazim, and fenthion. PFAS were the group of compounds with the highest mean concentrations. C. fluminea was the species with the highest detection frequency, and P. clarkii had the highest average concentrations, so its use is prioritized for biomonitoring studies.

Graphical abstract
Optimization of beer mixed fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus brevis
Authors: Modzelewska Aleksandra , Jackowski Mateusz , Trusek Anna
Published: September 2023

Mixed fermentation is one of the methods used in sour beer production. The process requires initialization of the fermentation step by well-planned addition of brewing yeast and lactic acid bacteria to slightly hopped wort. The final product’s properties strictly depend on how the microorganisms are pitched and the initial wort composition. The experiment was performed to evaluate the impact of different initial conditions and pitching methods on the mixed fermentation process and the final product’s characteristics. With the aim of limitation of the number of experiments, the Box–Behnken design was applied. Three independent factors were considered while obtaining the response surface: initial extract, bitterness and order of pitching. The final product’s properties: ethanol and lactic acid concentration, appeared to depend strictly on initial conditions and pitching order. Several important observations have been made; for example, it appeared that the presence of LAB does not significantly impact the final ethanol concentration. Optimal conditions for obtaining the maximum or minimum of each quality were calculated using Matlab. Obtained results might improve the sour beer production process while shortening the duration and reducing the usage of ingredients.
Conflicting views of physicians and surgeons concerning pediatric urinary tract infection: a comparative review
Authors: Hewitt Ian K. , Roebuck Derek J. , Montini Giovanni
Published: September 2023

Background

A first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in children, and pathways of management have evolved over time.

Objective

To determine the extent to which pediatricians and surgeons differ in their investigation and management of a first febrile UTI, and to evaluate the justifications for any divergence of approach.

Materials and methods

A literature search was conducted for papers addressing investigation and/or management following a first febrile UTI in children published between 2011 and 2021. Searches were conducted on Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. To be eligible for inclusion, a paper was required to provide recommendations on one or more of the following: ultrasound (US) and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), the need for continuous antibiotic prophylaxis and surgery when vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was detected. The authorship required at least one pediatrician or surgeon. Authorship was categorized as medical, surgical, or combined.

Results

Pediatricians advocated less imaging and intervention and were more inclined to adopt a “watchful-waiting” approach, confident that any significant abnormality, grades IV–V VUR in particular, should be detected following a second febrile UTI. In contrast, surgeons were more likely to recommend imaging to detect VUR (p<0.00001), and antibiotic prophylaxis (p<0.001) and/or surgical correction (p=0.004) if it was detected, concerned that any delay in diagnosis and treatment could place the child at risk of kidney damage. Papers with combined authorship displayed intermediate results.

Conclusion

There are two distinct directions in the literature regarding the investigation of an uncomplicated first febrile UTI in a child. In general, when presented with a first febrile UTI in a child, physicians recommend fewer investigations and less treatment, in contrast to surgeons who advocate extensive investigation and aggressive intervention in the event that imaging detects an abnormality. This has the potential to confuse the carers of affected children.