bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of DNAzyme Activity via Butanol Dehydration
Authors: Li Yuqing , Zandieh Mohamad , Liu Juewen
Published: October 2021

Understanding the activity of biomolecules in cosolvent systems is important for catalysis, separation and developing biosensors. The majority of previously studied solvents are either phase separated with water or miscible with water. Butanol was recently used to extract water for the conjugation of DNA to gold nanoparticles. In this work, the effect of butanol on the activity of a few RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes was studied. A 130‐fold improvement in sensitivity for the Na+‐specific EtNa DNAzyme was observed, and butanol also improved the activity of another Na+‐specific DNAzyme, NaA43T by a few folds. However, when divalent metal ions were used for both EtNa and 17E DNAzymes, the activity was inhibited. A main driven force for enhanced DNAzyme activity is the concentration effect due to butanol dehydration. This study provides insights into the interplay between DNA, metal ions and organic solvents, and such an understanding might be useful for developing sensitive biosensors.
Model reference safety‐critical adaptive control for a class of nonlinearly parameterized systems
Authors: Zhang Zhongkui , Long Lijun
Published: October 2021

Safety is the most fundamental problem of safety‐critical systems. Safety control addresses the problem whether a given unsafe region of the state space can be avoided by a specific control‐input. Moreover, linearly parameterized dynamical system is a general assumption in most safety‐critical adaptive control literature; however, unknown parameters in real systems are usually nonlinear. The control problem of nonlinearly parameterized systems is really difficult without linear‐in‐the‐parameters (LIP) assumptions, which tends to be complicated and computationally intensive. In this paper, a novel model reference safety‐critical adaptive control (MRAC) approach is proposed for a class of nonlinearly parameterized systems. The proposed approach involves a novel controller architecture with a modified update law, which specifically filters out the unsafe behavior (the system is in a state which the system cannot operate normally, i.e., the given unsafe region), while preserving favorable tracking capability and robustness. The novelty of this paper is that the nonlinearly parameterized systems can be enforced safety, without LIP assumptions and complex calculations. Most importantly, this approach is effective for nonlinearly parameterized systems as well as linearly parameterized systems. Finally, three illustrative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.
Design and implementation of adaptive fuzzy‐RST digital speed control of PMSM drive
Authors: Toumi Djilali , Mihoub Youcef , Hassaine Said , Moreau Sandrine
Published: October 2021

This research focuses on the speed control design of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) drive system. The purpose is to develop and compare advanced control strategies: RST digital (RSTD) control and adaptive fuzzy‐RST digital (AFRSTD) control. The three control schemes proposed, synthesized, and implemented in experimental test bench in order to be evaluated and compared are: conventional PI controller, RSTD controller, and AFRSTD controller based on the proposed fuzzy system which has to adjust the RSTD polynomial coefficients online using gain scheduling technique. The objective is to improve the performances of the PMSM drive system, in order to obtain high dynamic response, an efficiency of external disturbance rejection, and considerable control robustness against parameter variations. The experimental test bench is based on a dSPACE1104 board with a 1.1‐kW PMSM supplied by 10‐kHz space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) current regulated inverter used as a power amplifier consisted of 300 V, 5‐A IGBT, and Matlab/Simulink environment. Experimental results confirm that the AFRSTD controller presents better dynamic performances and significant robustness under parameter variation.
Regioselective syntheses and analyses of phlorofucofuroeckol‐A derivatives
Authors: Kim Yongkyun , Shin Jooseok , Shin Hyeon‐cheol , Park Kwangyong
Published: October 2021

Phlorofucofuroeckol‐A (PFF‐A) is a phlorotannin extracted from various brown algae. PFF‐A shows low toxicity when ingested and various biochemical effects, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, and anti‐allergy properties. In this study, various di‐O‐substituted PFF‐A derivatives were synthesized by introducing alkyl or acyl groups at two specific hydroxyls out of the nine nearly equivalent phenolic OH groups present in PFF‐A. The exact molecular structures of the synthesized derivatives were analyzed using two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy, which confirmed that the substituents were regioselectively introduced at the 1OH and 6OH positions. Small amounts of three mono‐O‐substituted derivatives were generated as by‐products in this reaction, and their structures and regioselectivity were determined using 2D NMR spectroscopy. This study can provide insights into understanding the mechanism of action of eckol‐based compounds and developing new drug candidates.
Nonmetastatic breast cancer patients subsequently developing second primary malignancy: A population‐based study
Authors: Bao Shengnan , Jiang Mengping , Wang Xi , Hua Yijia , Zeng Tianyu , Yang Yiqi , Yang Fan , Yan Xueqi , Sun Chunxiao , Yang Mengzhu , Fu Ziyi , Huang Xiang , Li Jun , Wu Hao , Li Wei , Tang Jinhai , Yin Yongmei
Published: October 2021

Background

With life span extending, breast cancer (BC) survivors may face the possibility of developing second primary cancer (SPC) and considerably shorten survivorship. However, little is known about multiple primary cancer (MPC) patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer as a first primary malignancy (BCFPM).

Methods

Here, we retrospectively analyzed data on cancer survivors with BCFPM diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The prognostic factors for breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) were ascertained by the stepwise regression analysis and a competing risk model, and were integrated to the establishment of prognostic nomogram, of which the accuracy was measured by the calibration curve and the concordance index (C‐index).

Results

In total, 8616 patients were identified with 4.6% of 3‐year breast cancer‐ specific death (BCSD) and 8.6% of 5‐year BCSD. The most common SPC among BCFPM patients were female BC and lung cancer. Besides, the median latency time between BC and SPC was 22 months. At a ratio of 7:3, all patients were randomly categorized into a training cohort (n = 6032) and a validation cohort (n = 2584). By a proportional subdistribution hazards regression analysis, the following factors were considered to own independent prognostic abilities of BCSS: subtypes, grade, T classification, N classification, radiation, and sites of SPC. The nomogram could accurately predict 3‐year and 5‐year breast cancer‐associated survival of BCFPM patients with high internal and external validated C‐index, 0.715 (95% CI, 0.691–0.739), and 0.683 (95% CI, 0.642–0.724), respectively.

Conclusions

BC survivors remained a high risk of developing SPC and considerably shortened survival time. In this study, a favorable nomogram was constructed to as a prediction model for 3‐year and 5‐year BCSS of BCFPM patients, largely intending to prolong the life of these patients by assisting clinicians to make individualized follow‐up plans.
Sexual Trauma in Childhood and Adulthood as Predictors of Psychotic‐like Experiences: The Mediating Role of Dissociation
Authors: O'Neill Tara , Maguire Aaron , Shevlin Mark
Published: October 2021

Research has highlighted the role of dissociation in understanding the trauma–psychosis relationship. Moreover, it has been proposed that the association between trauma and psychotic symptoms may be both directly and indirectly explained by dissociative processes. The current study sought to investigate the relationship between age at first sexual trauma, dissociative experiences and psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) in 269 female trauma survivors (overall mean age = 32.11, SD = 10.55). Mediation analyses were employed to estimate the direct effects of childhood sexual abuse (CSA; mean age at abuse onset = 6.53, SD = 3.98) and adult sexual assault (ASA; mean age at abuse onset = 18.72, SD = 2.59) on PLEs, and the indirect effects via the three subscales of absorption, depersonalisation and amnesia. The findings showed that the CSA group was significantly associated with each of the three dissociation variables (p < 0.01 for each variable), while the ASA group was significantly associated with absorption and depersonalisation (p < 0.01 for each variable). Depersonalisation partially mediated the effect between CSA and PLEs, whereas the relationship between ASA and PLEs was fully mediated via depersonalisation. The findings are consistent with, and complement, models implicating depersonalisation as a unique mechanism in the pathways between sexually based victimisation and PLEs.

Key Practitioner Messages

CSA and ASA have both direct and indirect impacts on later psychological symptoms. Elucidating mechanisms by which sexual trauma leads to the transition to PLEs should be instrumental in treatment formulation.

Depersonalisation is a complementary mechanism in the link between sexually based trauma and PLEs. Evaluating dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs is crucial for therapeutic intervention as these may contribute to the development and maintenance of symptoms.

‘Investigate[s] the relationship between age at first sexual trauma, dissociative experiences and psychotic‐like experiences… in 269 female trauma survivors’
Identification and initial treatment of involuntary psychogenic movement (conversion) disorder in a 25‐year‐old male patient
Authors: Hamm Andrew R.
Published: October 2021

Psychogenic movement disorders present a diagnostically challenging entity that is often frightening for patients. Differentiating movement disorders, providing clear explanations, and addressing underlying conditions with a multidisciplinary approach are essential to successful treatment.
Improved Productivity of NAD+ Reduction under Forced Convection in Aerated Solutions
Authors: Le Thi Xuan Huong , Gajdar Julius , Vilà Neus , Celzard Alain , Fierro Vanessa , Walcarius Alain , Lapicque François , Etienne Mathieu
Published: October 2021

The regeneration of the NADH cofactor is crucial for bioelectrocatalytic reactors. This can be achieved by using an electrochemical mediator such as the rhodium complex [Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl]+, but the overall reduction process suffers from the interference of molecular oxygen. This interference can be avoided by using a second porous working electrode (acting as a real oxygen filter) positioned near the surface of the first working electrode. To fabricate the oxygen filter, platinum particles were deposited on the surface of a carbon paper. NADH could be produced in the presence of the oxygen filter with a faradaic yield at 63.4 %, very close to the yields obtained without the filter at 61.7 % in a fully N2‐degased medium, and only at 10.6 % in the presence of oxygen. Moreover, the productivity was also increased by nearly a factor of four. Therefore, the proposed concept of the oxygen filter offers a new avenue in the current strategies for NADH regeneration in biocatalytic reactors based on electrochemical methods.
Angewandte Wissenschaften
Authors: Böck Barbara
Published: October 2021

No abstract.
Non‐Covalent Interactions between Chiral Phosphate and Lanthanide Ion by Chiroptical Spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Tao
Published: October 2021

Chiroptical spectroscopy is instrumental in chiral recognition studies. Induced circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of europium(III) aqua ion in optically active phosphate solution was observed on a standard Raman optical activity (ROA) spectrometer. The ROA‐CPL method displays characteristic CPL couplet of Eu‐phosphate interactions avoiding the participation of costly antenna chromophore. Similar CPL patterns pertaining 5D0→7F1 transition was also observed in other europium(III) complexes able to bind with phosphate. Titration data and simulations revealed the presence of hydrogen bond between the phosphate group and water molecules surrounding the metal core.
X‐band Scattering Characteristics of Nickel/Nanocarbon Composites for Anti‐tracking Application
Authors: Alegaonkar Ashwini P. , Tripathi Krishna C. , Baskey Himangshu B. , Pardeshi Satish K. , Alegaonkar Prashant S.
Published: October 2021

Creating clutter in high resolution seeking trackers is of tactical importance which could be achieved by the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Herein, we report on X‐band (8–12 GHz) scattering performance of nickel/nano‐carbon‐composites for architecting an effective EMI shield. Composite material is prepared by facile, one step, solid state combustion technique with variable 1–5 Ni % and characterized using x‐ray diffractometry, infrared‐,uv‐visible, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopic techniques, and scanning electron microscopy. Further, composite, transformed into coaxial and rectangular shaped specimens, are subjected to s‐parameter and reflection loss studies, respectively, over 8–12 GHz. In analysis, incorporation of Ni, majorly, forms crystalline NiO (d[111]) and Ni2O3 (d[002]) phases dispersed within the nanocarbon network which are responsible to create asymmetric stretching bond between Ni−O−C (
∼1130 cm−1). Dispersion facilitates synergistic magneto‐dielectric coupling to provide long range ordering of polarization, mainly, via electronic transitions between Ni−3d to O−2p states to engage incident microwave power effectively. At highest Ni inclusion, composite showed>95 % shielding effectiveness with infinite bandwidth and>99 % return loss@8.97 GHz matching frequency.
Ion Pair Supramolecular Structure Identified by ATR‐FTIR Spectroscopy and Simulations in Explicit Solvent**
Authors: Donon Jeremy , Habka Sana , Very Thibaut , Charnay‐Pouget Florence , Mons Michel , Aitken David J. , Brenner Valérie , Gloaguen Eric
Published: October 2021

The present work uses ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy assisted by simulations in explicit solvent and frequency calculations to investigate the supramolecular structure of carboxylate alkali‐metal ion pairs in aqueous solutions. ATR‐FTIR spectra in the 0.25–4.0 M concentration range displayed cation‐specific behaviors, which enabled the measurement of the appearance concentration thresholds of contact ion pairs between 1.9 and 2.6 M depending on the cation. Conformational explorations performed using a non‐local optimization method associated to a polarizable force‐field (AMOEBA), followed by high quantum chemistry level (RI‐B97‐D3/dhf‐TZVPP) optimizations, mode‐dependent scaled harmonic frequency calculations and electron density analyses, were used to identify the main supramolecular structures contributing to the experimental spectra. A thorough analysis enables us to reveal the mechanisms responsible for the spectroscopic sensitivity of the carboxylate group and the respective role played by the cation and the water molecules, highlighting the necessity of combining advanced experimental and theoretical techniques to provide a fair and accurate description of ion pairing.
Gloss retention of direct composites and corresponding CAD/CAM composite blocks
Authors: Ardu Stefano , Duc Olivier , Krejci Ivo , Bétrisey Emilie , Di Bella Enrico , Daher René
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To compare gloss retention of four different resin composites with their corresponding CAD/CAM composite blocks.

Materials and methods

Four direct resin composites (Filtek Supreme XTE A2 Body (3M, USA), Tetric EvoCeram A2 (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), GrandioSO x‐tra A2 (VOCO, Germany), G‐aenial Universal A2 (GC, Japan)), and their corresponding CAD/CAM composite blocks were tested. A total of 288 samples were prepared and three different tests were performed: brushing, exposition to acidic fluoride gel and exposition to alcoholic solution. Gloss values were obtained by means of a glossmeter at T0 before aging and T60 after 1 h of aging.

Results

Mean gloss values ranged from 0.9 after brushing tests to 79.0 after the alcohol test witnessing a high gloss variability depending on the materials and the aging test. Statistical analysis by means of two‐way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD post‐hoc test revealed significant differences between materials, storage media, and their interactions.

Conclusion

Gloss retention seems to be dependent on the composite type (direct or CAD/CAM block) and composite brand and varies in respect to the type of aging. CAD/CAM materials showed a higher resistance toward alcohol exposure.
Chrysene‐Based Azahelicene π‐Linker of D‐π‐D‐Type Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Zefeng , Li Tianyu , Cao Yucai , Zhang Yuyan , He Lifei , Zheng Aibin , Lei Ming
Published: October 2021

Chrysene is a readily available material for exploring new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, two chrysene based azahelicenes, nine‐membered BA7 and ten‐membered DA6, are constructed by intermolecular oxidative annulation of 6‐aminochrysene and intramolecular annulation of N6,N12‐bis(1‐chloronaphthalen‐2‐yl)chrysene‐6,12‐diamine, respectively. The hexylated BA7 and DA6 and their brominated products were undoubtedly characterized by single crystal XRD. Subsequent amination with bis(9‐methyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)amine (BMCA) electron donor afforded D‐π‐D‐type semiconductors BA7‐BMCA and DA6‐BMCA with beneficial properties to act as hole transport materials for perovskite solar cell. Compared with 19.4 % champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of BA7‐BMCA based device, a higher PCE of 20.2 % for DA6‐BMCA counterpart may be attributed to its S‐shaped double helicene‐like linker with extended π‐conjugated system.
Adenoviral vector‐based platforms for developing effective vaccines to combat respiratory viral infections
Authors: Elkashif Ahmed , Alhashimi Marwa , Sayedahmed Ekramy E , Sambhara Suryaprakash , Mittal Suresh K
Published: October 2021

Since the development of the first vaccine against smallpox over two centuries ago, vaccination strategies have been at the forefront of significantly impacting the incidences of infectious diseases globally. However, the increase in the human population, deforestation and climate change, and the rise in worldwide travel have favored the emergence of new viruses with the potential to cause pandemics. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic is a cruel reminder of the impact of novel pathogens and the suboptimal capabilities of conventional vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccine strategies that allow the production of billions of doses in a short duration and are broadly protective against emerging and re‐emerging infectious diseases. Extensive knowledge of the molecular biology and immunology of adenoviruses (Ad) has favored Ad vectors as platforms for vaccine design. The Ad‐based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses and can meet the global demand in a pandemic situation. This review describes the status of Ad vector‐based vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies for current and emerging respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses, influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses.
RNA‐binding protein RBM24 represses colorectal tumourigenesis by stabilising PTEN mRNA
Authors: Xia Rong Mu , Liu Tao , Li Wen Gang , Xu Xiu Qin
Published: October 2021

Background

RNA‐binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) functions as a splicing regulator, which is critical for organ development and is dysregulated in human cancers. Here, we aim to uncover the biological function of RBM24 in colorectal tumourigenesis.

Methods

Xenograft tumour model, Rbm24 knockout and Apcmin/+ mouse models were utilised. Colorectal cancer cells overexpressing or silencing RBM24 were established. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was conducted to detect protein‐RNA associations. Gene expression was measured by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, or quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results

Rbm24‐knockout mice developed spontaneous colorectal adenomas with lower expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Immunohistochemical staining for the proliferation markers Ki‐67 and pHH3 and BrdU assay showed intestinal hyperplasia in Rbm24‐knockout mice compared to wild‐type mice. RBM24 expression in colorectal adenoma tissues of Apcmin/+ mouse was downregulated compared with adjacent normal samples and was positively correlated with PTEN expression. In vitro, RBM24 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and increased sensitivity to 5‐FU or cisplatin in CRC cells. Mechanistically, RBM24 maintained PTEN mRNA stability by directly binding to the GT‐rich region at positions 8101–8251 in the 3′‐UTR of PTEN mRNA, prolonging the half‐life of PTEN mRNA, thereby increasing PTEN expression. Hence, low expression of RBM24 downregulated PTEN mRNA, causing the activation of PI3K‐Akt signalling in CRC cells. Furthermore, RBM24 expression in CRC tissues was lower than adjacent normal samples. RBM24 expression was positively correlated with PTEN expression and negatively correlated with Ki‐67 level. CRC patients with high RBM24 expression had a favourable outcome.

Conclusions

Taken together, RBM24 expression is markedly lower in colorectal tumours than in para‐carcinoma tissues. Rbm24‐knockout mice develop spontaneous colorectal adenomas. RBM24 directly binds and stabilises PTEN mRNA, which could cause the suppression of CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, thereby repressing colorectal tumourigenesis. These findings support the tumour‐suppressive role of RBM24. Targeting RBM24 holds strong promise for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
Decline and fall: The causes of group failure in cooperatively breeding meerkats
Authors: Duncan Chris , Manser Marta B. , Clutton‐Brock Tim
Published: October 2021

In many social vertebrates, variation in group persistence exerts an important effect on individual fitness and population demography. However, few studies have been able to investigate the failure of groups or the causes of the variation in their longevity. We use data from a long‐term study of cooperatively breeding meerkats, Suricata suricatta, to investigate the different causes of group failure and the factors that drive these processes. Many newly formed groups failed within a year of formation, and smaller groups were more likely to fail. Groups that bred successfully and increased their size could persist for several years, even decades. Long‐lived groups principally failed in association with the development of clinical tuberculosis, Mycobacterium suricattae, a disease that can spread throughout the group and be fatal for group members. Clinical tuberculosis was more likely to occur in groups that had smaller group sizes and that had experienced immigration.
Genome‐wide selective detection of Mile red‐bone goat using next‐generation sequencing technology
Authors: He Yong‐Meng , Hong Qiong‐Hua , Zhou Dong‐Ke , Wang Shi‐Zhi , Yang Bai‐Gao , Yuan Ying , Zhang Wei‐Yi , Huang Yong‐Fu , E Guang‐Xin
Published: October 2021

The ecotype population of goats (Capra hircus) was created by long‐term artificial selection and natural adaptation. Mile red‐bone goat is an indigenous breed with visible red bones, and its special bone structure has received extensive attention. This study aimed to identify genetic variants and candidate genes associated with specific bone phenotypes using next‐generation sequencing technology (NGS). The results revealed that 31,828,206 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from 72 goats (20 Mile red‐bone goats and 52 common goats) by NGS. A total of 100 candidate genes were identified on the basis top 1% window interaction from nucleotide diversity (π), π ratio (πA/πB), and pairwise fixation index (FST). Exactly 77 known signaling pathways were enriched. Specifically, three coding genes (NMNAT2, LOC102172983, and PNLIP) were annotated in the vitamin metabolism signaling pathways, and NCF2 was annotated to the osteoclast (OC) differentiation pathway. Furthermore, 5862 reliable copy number variations (CNVs) were obtained, and 14 and 24 genes were annotated with the top 1‰ CNV based on FST (>0.490) and VST (>0.527), respectively. Several pathways related to bone development and metabolism of exogenous substances in vivo, including calcium signaling pathway, OC differentiation, and glycerophospholipid metabolism, were annotated. Specifically, six genes from 19 candidate CNVs, which were obtained by interaction of the top 1‰ CNVs with FST and VST, were annotated to mucin‐type O‐glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Briefly, the results implied that pseudopurpurin and specific genetic variants work together to contribute to the red‐bone color and specific bone structure of Mile red‐bone goat. This study is helpful to understanding the genetic basis of the unique bone phenotype of Mile red‐bone goats.
Morphological variations in a widely distributed Eastern Asian passerine cannot be consistently explained by ecogeographic rules
Authors: Lee Chun‐Cheng , Fu Yuchen , Yeh Chia‐fen , Yeung Carol K. L. , Hung Hsin‐yi , Yao Chiou‐Ju , Shaner Pei‐Jen Lee , Li Shou‐Hsien
Published: October 2021

Ecogeographic rules that describe quantitative relationships between morphologies and climate might help us predict how morphometrics of animals was shaped by local temperature or humidity. Although the ecogeographic rules had been widely tested in animals of Europe and North America, they had not been fully validated for species in regions that are less studied. Here, we investigate the morphometric variation of a widely distributed East Asian passerine, the vinous‐throated parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana), to test whether its morphological variation conforms to the prediction of Bergmann's rule, Allen's rules, and Gloger's rule. We at first described the climatic niche ofS. webbianafrom occurrence records (n = 7838) and specimen records (n = 290). The results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) suggested that the plumage coloration of these parrotbills was darker in wetter/warmer environments following Gloger's rule. However, their appendage size (culmen length, beak volume, tarsi length) was larger in colder environments, the opposite of the predictions of Allen's rule. Similarly, their body size (wing length) was larger in warmer environments, the opposite of the predictions of Bergmann's rule. Such disconformity to both Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule suggests that the evolution of morphological variations is likely governed by multiple selection forces rather than dominated by thermoregulation. Our results suggest that these ecogeographic rules should be validated prior to forecasting biological responses to climate change especially for species in less‐studied regions.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of abiotic and biotic properties explain biodiversity–ecosystem‐functioning relationships
Authors: Gottschall Felix , Cesarz Simone , Auge Harald , Kovach Kyle R. , Mori Akira S. , Nock Charles A. , Eisenhauer Nico
Published: October 2021

There is increasing evidence that spatial and temporal dynamics of biodiversity and ecosystem functions play an essential role in biodiversity–ecosystem‐functioning (BEF) relationships. Despite the known importance of soil processes for forest ecosystems, belowground functions in response to tree diversity and spatiotemporal dynamics of ecological processes and conditions remain poorly described. We propose a novel conceptual framework integrating spatiotemporal dynamics in BEF relationships and hypothesized a positive tree species richness effect on soil ecosystem functions through the spatial and temporal stability of biotic and abiotic soil properties based on species complementarity and asynchrony. We tested this framework within a long‐term tree diversity experiment in Central Germany by assessing soil ecosystem functions (soil microbial properties and litter decomposition) and abiotic variables (soil moisture and surface temperature) for two consecutive years in high spatial and temporal resolution. Tree species richness and identity had significant effects on soil properties (e.g., soil microbial biomass). Structural equation modeling revealed that overall soil microbial biomass was partly explained by (1) enhanced temporal stability of soil surface temperature and (2) decreased spatial stability of soil microbial biomass. Overall, spatial stability of soil microbial properties was positively correlated with their temporal stability. These results suggest that spatiotemporal dynamics are indeed crucial determinants in BEF relationships and highlight the importance of vegetation‐induced microclimatic conditions for stable provisioning of soil ecosystem functions and services.
Thermochemical energy storage drastically enhanced by zirconium oxide and lithium hydroxide for magnesium hydroxide
Authors: Ren En‐Xu , Wang Deng‐Yu , Li Ya‐Ting , Zhu Lin , Chang Chao‐Yang , Sun Lu , Xu Zhi‐Bin , Wu Qin‐Pei
Published: October 2021

Energy storage provides sustainable energy. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is a promising material for thermochemical energy storage. Zirconium oxynitrate (ZrO(NO3)2) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) are investigated to improve the heat‐storage efficiency of Mg(OH)2. Experimental results indicate that the heat‐storage rate can be significantly increased by 306‐fold. The dehydration conversion can be increased up to 99% with 122‐fold increase in 15.3 min. The onset temperature of Mg(OH)2 dehydration decreases from 337 to 228°C. The activation energy of Mg(OH)2 dehydration significantly reduces by 57.7%. The cycle ability of heat storage and heat release also remarkably improves. Moreover, the heat‐storage time significantly decreases. The crystal parameters, crystal volume, and platelet size of Mg(OH)2 notably diminish. The acting mechanism of these additives is proposed using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. Moreover, the kinetic equations for the dehydration of excellent Mg(OH)2 composites are disclosed for computing simulation.
Offering soybean molasses adsorbed to agricultural by‐products improved lactation performance through modulating plasma metabolic enzyme pool of lactating cows
Authors: Chen Liang , Mi Hui , Li Bin , Liu Yong , Zhou Chuanshe , Ren Ao , Tan Zhiliang , Kong Zhiwei , Fang Rejun , Zhang Ge
Published: October 2021

Background

Agricultural by‐products, such as corncob powder (CRP), wheat bran (WB), rice husk (RH), defatted bran (DB), and soybean hulls (SH), were widely used as ruminant feed. However, the combination effect of soybean molasses mixed with agricultural by‐products on cow lactating performance remains poorly understood.

Methods

In vitro fermentation simulation technique was used to select the high ruminal fermentation performance of agricultural by‐products mixed with soybean molasses. The selected mixtures were conducted to further explore the feeding effect on milk performance and blood metabolic enzyme on lactating dairy cows.

Results

In in vitro simulation, it was confirmed that SH‐SM showed better fermentation performance (including higher maximum gas production, acetate, propionate, and total VFA, but less initial fractional rate of degradation) than other four molasses‐adsorbents, while WB‐SM had the greatest DM and NDF disappearance and NH3‐N and butyrate concentrations among substrates. After the simulation selection, we performed the feed experiment with SH‐SM and WB‐SM compared to the control. For lactating performance, higher (p < .01) milk fat and total milk solid content were observed in WB‐SM, and a tendency improvement of milk protein content (p < .01) was observed in both of the cows fed with WB‐SM and SH‐SM. Among lactating periods, the blood glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, α‐amylase, and lactate dehydrogenase which associated with amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were improved in lactating dairy cows fed with WB‐SM and SH‐SM.

Conclusion

Dietary agricultural by‐products (like wheat bran and soybean hulls) mixed with soybean molasses enhance the lactating performance of dairy cows by improving the host metabolism process of amino acids and carbohydrates. The mixed strategy for agricultural by‐products shows another strong evidence for the resource reuse on dairy industry and reducing the by‐product pollution.
Evaluation of risk factors and correlation in large sample from the perspective of hypoglycemia
Authors: Chao Guanqun , Zhu Yue , Chen Liying
Published: October 2021

To further clarify the correlation between glucose and other biochemical indicators, to search the risk factors of hypoglycemia through a cross‐sectional study. Data were obtained from subjects who underwent health examination in the Health Promotion Center from July 2018 to June 2019. Hypoglycemia is defined as fasting blood glucose less than 4.2 mmol/L. All data were analyzed using Windows R software. A total of 23,935 subjects were included. There were significant differences in age, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, lipid, thyroid function, liver function, and kidney function between men and women (p < .05). The occurrence of hypoglycemia was affected by gender and nondiabetic patients (p < .001). In nondiabetic patients, hypoglycemia was affected by age (p < .05). For each year of age increase, the risk of hypoglycemia was reduced by 2.6%; the risk of hypoglycemia decreased by 3.7% when the waist circumference increased by 1 cm; the risk of hypoglycemia increased by 30.3% with each unit of TG increased; the risk of hypoglycemia decreased by 66.1% for each unit increased by TC; the risk of hypoglycemia increased by 1.715 times for each increased unit of HDLC; the risk of hypoglycemia increased by 1.185 times for each unit of LDLC. Women and nondiabetic people are more likely to have hypoglycemia. Among the group without diabetes, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, HDLC, and LDLC are risk factors of hypoglycemia.
The potential roles of pharmacy medication sales data to augment the syndromic surveillance system in response to COVID‐19 and preparedness for other future infectious disease outbreaks in Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Hermansyah Andi
Published: October 2021

Background

Indonesia faces a continuous threat from communicable disease outbreaks. The current COVID‐19 outbreak, the previous one of SARS, and many other infectious outbreaks encountered in the country warn of the need to develop comprehensive early warning systems to enable timely health responses in the long run. In this article, we argue that over the counter medication sales data at community pharmacies in Indonesia can potentially augment and increase the detection power of the current syndromic surveillance system, particularly in dealing with COVID‐19 and other future infectious disease outbreaks in the country.

Main Body

This article discusses the experience of other countries in employing pharmacy medication sales data to serve as potential syndromic surveillance platform and contribute to pandemic responses. We argue why it is worth considering utilising medication sales data from pharmacies in Indonesia to support the current surveillance system which enables the provision of early warnings of disease outbreaks. We then discuss the potential challenges of operationalising these data and suggest a way forward for the development and implementation of the syndromic surveillance system at community pharmacy settings in Indonesia.

Conclusion

While there are several challenges in developing a workable system in Indonesia that need to be addressed, introducing a syndromic surveillance system using pharmacy‐setting medication sales data is worth investigating in the country.
Heat and mass transfer effects on MHD mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid with constant viscosity and thermal conductivity
Authors: Sharada Kankanala
Published: October 2021

The present exploration is based on the contributions of heat and mass transport on the non‐Newtonian viscoelastic liquid motion under the impact of magnetism, Soret and Dufour numbers. The model equations that describe the flow mechanism of heat and mass transport are partial differential equations (PDEs). The PDEs were simplified using suitable similarity functions to obtain coupled nonlinear total ordinary differential equations. The simplified equations are numerically solved utilizing the spectral homotopy analysis method. Findings show that the process of heat transport is because of thermal radiation. The velocity, as well as temperature distributions, enhances due to a higher viscoelastic term. The present analysis is examined closely with past works and was discovered to concord.
Study of a nonuniform heat source over a Riga plate using nth‐order chemical reaction on Oldroyd‐B nanofluid flow for two‐dimensional motion
Authors: Mishra S. R. , Tinker Seema , Sharma Ram Prakash
Published: October 2021

A variety of fluid models are proposed, due to the uncertain flow diversity and rheological features of non‐Newtonian fluids, out of which, viscoelastic Oldroyd‐B nanofluid is considered here with a nonuniform heat source over a Riga plate using an nth‐order chemical reaction. The ever increasing demand for chemical reactions in hydrometallurgical, chemical, and biomedical industries necessitates studying the behavior of heat and mass transfer in the presence of chemical reaction; a few of its applications are manufacturing of glassware or ceramics, food processing, polymer production, particulate water inflows, dehydration and drying operations in the chemical industry, and numerous applications in agricultural fields and many branches of engineering and sciences. To solve the set of nonlinear DEs, which are found after applying a suitable transformation on the governing nonlinear PDEs, a robust numerical technique, such as the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method, is employed in the current motion problem. Also, the influences of all substantial thermophysical parameters are discussed graphically and analytically. Furthermore, the major outcomes of the results are: attenuation in the relaxation time leads to a rise in the fluid momentum significantly near the wall and the solutal profile retards with an enhanced Brownian motion that results in the retardation in the bounding surface thickness of the profile.
On the hydrological difference between catchments above and below the intermittent‐persistent snow transition
Authors: Harrison Hannah N. , Hammond John C. , Kampf Stephanie , Kiewiet Leonie
Published: October 2021

Because of the importance of snow for river discharge in mountain regions, hydrological research often focuses on seasonally snow‐covered zones. However, in many basins the majority of the land surface area is intermittently snow‐covered. Discharge monitoring in these areas is less common, so their contributions to downstream rivers remain largely unknown. We evaluated hydrological differences between three intermittently snow‐covered (mean annual Jan 1–Jul 3 snow persistence <60%) and two seasonally snow‐covered headwater catchments in the Colorado Front Range. We compared water balance variables to evaluate how and why discharge differs between the snow zones and estimated the relative contributions from each snow zone to regional river discharge. We focused on water years 2016–2019 and used a combination of in situ sensors and regional climate datasets. Annual discharge from the intermittent snow zone was low for all three catchments (10–77 mm), despite covering a wide range in annual snow persistence (25%–64%), whereas annual discharge from the seasonal snow zone was up to 73 times higher. Soil moisture in the seasonal snow zone was above field capacity for longer periods of time than in the intermittent snow zone, and the intermittent snow zone was uniquely subject to soil freezing (up to 102 days per year). For most of the year, potential evapotranspiration exceeded rainfall and snowmelt inputs in the intermittent snow zone, but was lower than rainfall and snowmelt inputs in the seasonal snow zone. This is likely a primary driver of the differences in soil moisture and discharge for catchments with a seasonal versus intermittent snow cover. Despite the large difference in discharge between these two snow zones, the intermittent snow zone contributed about a quarter of the discharge in the regional river, highlighting the importance of studying discharge generation across all elevations.
More crops whilst saving drops using an optimization model—A case from Bangladesh*
Authors: Mullick Md. Reaz Akter , Rahman Md Salman , Haque Md. Panjarul
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the optimal use of irrigation water and irrigable area in the Karnafuli Irrigation Project (KIP) of Bangladesh by developing an optimization model using linear programming. The project consists of two units, namely, Halda and Ichamati, and the units are fed with Karnafuli river water. Required data were collected from several government offices and from the CMIP5 model. Considering existing cropping practice, irrigation supply, and future climate, the optimization model was run for four different scenarios. Climate change‐induced effects appeared as non‐significant in the optimization. In the Halda Unit, the existing cropping intensity is 136%, whereas optimal cropping intensity can be increased up to 200%. In the Ichamati Unit, optimal cropping intensity for all scenarios is in between 175% and 200%, where the existing intensity is 150%. An increase in cropping intensity in both the units in optimal scenarios results in higher benefits. At the same time, the implementation of the optimal situation in the KIP can save 20% of the diverted water, indicating the possibility of greater yields and subsequent greater benefits even if the existing water supply is saved. The outcomes of the research have been communicated to the regional extension office for implementation.
Deep reinforcement learning‐aided RAN slicing enforcement supporting latency sensitive services in B5G networks
Authors: Martiradonna Sergio , Abrardo Andrea , Moretti Marco , Piro Giuseppe , Boggia Gennaro
Published: October 2021

Edge computing and artificial intelligence promise to turn future mobile networks into service‐ and radio‐aware infrastructures, able to address the requirements of upcoming latency‐sensitive applications. For instance, they can be used to dynamically and optimally manage the Radio Access Network Slicing. However, this is a challenging goal, due to the mostly unpredictably nature of the wireless channel. This paper presents a novel architecture using Deep Reinforcement Learning at the network edge for addressing Radio Access Network Slicing and Radio Resource Management. By considering the autonomous‐driving use‐case, computer simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal against baseline methodologies.
Different grinding speeds affect induced regeneration capacity of human treated dentin matrix
Authors: Li Min , Yang Sen , Song Jinlin , Fu Tiwei , Liang Panpan , Gao Zhi , Tang Jing , Guo Lijuan
Published: October 2021

Human‐treated dentin matrix (hTDM) is a biomaterial scaffold, which can induce implant cells to differentiate into odontoblasts and then form neo‐dentin. However, hTDM with long storage or prepared by high‐speed handpiece would not to form neo‐dentin. In this research, we developed two fresh hTDM with different grinding speeds, which were low‐speed hTDM (LTDM) with maximum speed of 500 rpm and high‐speed hTDM (HTDM) with a speed of 3,80,000 rpm. Here, we aim to understand whether there were induced regeneration capacity differences between LTDM and HTDM. Scanning electron microscope showed that DFCs grew well on both materials, but the morphology of DFCs and the extracellular matrix was different. Especially, the secreted extracellular matrixes on the inner surface of LTDM were regular morphology and ordered arrangement around the dentin tubules. The transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blot and immunofluorescence assay showed that the dentin markers DSPP and DMP‐1 were about 2× greater in DFCs induced by LTDM than by HTDM, and osteogenic marker BSP was about 2× greater in DFCs induced by HTDM than by LTDM. Histological examinations of the harvested grafts observed the formation of neo‐tissue were different, and there were neo‐dentin formed on the inner surface of LTDM and neo‐cementum formed on the outer surface of HTDM. In summary, it found that the induction abilities of LTDM and HTDM are different, and the dentin matrix is directional. This study lays a necessary foundation for searching the key factors of dentin regeneration in future.
Longitudinal Imaging of the Skull Base Synchondroses Demonstrate Prevention of a Premature Ossification After Recifercept Treatment in Mouse Model of Achondroplasia
Authors: Rignol Guylene , Garcia Stephanie , Authier Florence , Smith Kaamula , Tosello Lionel , Marsault Raphael , Dellugat Pierre , Goncalves Diogo , Brouillard Marlene , Stavenhagen Jeffrey , Santarelli Luca , Czech Christian , Gouze Elvire
Published: October 2021

Achondroplasia is the most common form of short‐limb dwarfism. In this disorder, endochondral ossification is impaired due to gain‐of‐function mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. In addition to short limbs, cranial base bones are also affected leading to shortening of the skull base and to serious neurological complications associated with foramen magnum stenosis. These complications are thought to be due to the delay or premature arrest of skull base growth, caused by an accelerated ossification of the sphenooccipital (SOS) and the intraoccipital (IOS) synchondroses. Skull synchondroses consist of two opposite growth plates sharing a common reserve zone of chondrocytes. In this study, we first characterized the skull base synchondroses ossification in a mouse model of achondroplasia carrying the human G380R mutation (Fgfr3ach/+). We then addressed whether Recifercept, a soluble FGFR3, could prevent premature closure of these synchondroses. Postnatal radiological observations revealed the presence of bony bridge structures in one or more synchondroses in Fgfr3ach/+ mice as early as postnatal day 3 in the most severe cases. The presence of early ossification correlated with the severity of the disease as it was associated with an arrest of the cranial base bone growth. Histological analyses indicated changes in the synchondroses structure and matrix proteoglycan contents confirming a process of ossification. Treatment of Fgfr3ach/+ mice with Recifercept compared with vehicle prevented premature synchondrosis ossification and the transition to bone, resulting in improved skull shape and cranium ratio. Given the impact of Recifercept on synchondrosis inactivation, it is possible that it could prevent one of the most severe complication of achondroplasia if used early enough during bone development. These data support the clinical development of Recifercept for achondroplasia, and suggests that early treatment may be required to best address impaired endochondral bone growth. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.