bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphometric study of Lola Rochia nilotica (Linnaeus 1767) shells from natural harvest found in Indonesian
Authors: WAHYUDI NATHANIA DINAR , HIDAYATI DEWI , ARBI UCU YANU , ISMAIL ASMIDA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Wahyudi ND, Hidayati D, Arbi UY, Ismail A. 2023. Morphometric study of Lola Rochia nilotica (Linnaeus 1767) shells from natural harvest found in Indonesian. Biodiversitas 24: 4711-4722. The population of Rochia nilotica or Lola snails is declining due to shell exploitation for industry, which requires monitoring. The government has implemented a policy to determine R. nilotica regulated on a restricted basis depending on the number (quota) and size of the shell (diameter) with a standard width of 80 cm. Based on the morphometric compositions and size trends of shells, this study aimed to map the potential trade of R. nilotica in Indonesia using the percentage of calculated morphometric data, including Sumatra, Sulawesi, Maluku-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), and Papua. Morphometric analysis was carried out using caliper parameters of length, width, weight, and the data distribution of morphometrics using descriptive statistics. The results revealed fluctuating yearly data. Good quality of shell size (?80 mm) found from Sumatra (length = 95.13-104.49 mm; width = 86.61-103.46 mm; weight = 172.21-321.96 gram), Malulu-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) (length = 91.26-106.72 mm; width = 86.53-108.73 mm; weight = 228.01-365.62 gram), Sulawesi (length = 86.92-99.1 mm; width = 84.31-96.25 mm; weight = 205.39-317.33 gram), and Papua (length = 82.46-99.58 mm; width = 76.49-101.24 mm; weight = 182.57-283.07 gram) respectively. Among 909 samples of R. nilotica observed, 89% had a standard width (?80mm), indicating potential mapping of Sumatra (33%), Maluku-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) (24%), Sulawesi (18%), and Papua (14%). In Sumatra (1.65%), Maluku-East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) (0.9%), Sulawesi (5.6%), and Papua (3.19%), non-standard width shells were sized at 51.46-72.15 mm, respectively. In total, 53.9% of protoconchs were classified as damaged. From 2014-2020, morphological observations of R. nilotica shells traded in Indonesia fluctuated but met the standard size. It is critical to continue monitoring the population and trade of R. nilotica, and the study findings can be used to make catch quota recommendations for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry.
Utilizing DNA barcoding approach to study the diversity of the blue swimming crab from Tuban District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: JOESIDAWATI MARITA IKA , NURSALIM NINING , KHOLILAH NENIK , KURNIASIH EKA MAYA , CAHYANI NI KADEK DITA , AMBARIYANTO AMBARIYANTO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Joesidawati MI, Nursalim N, Kholilah N, Kurniasih EM, Cahyani NKD, Ambariyanto A. 2023. Utilizing DNA barcoding approach to study the diversity of the blue swimming crab from Tuban District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4731-4737. Blue swimming crabs are one of the economically significant fisheries resources in Indonesia. However, Indonesia's blue swimming crab fisheries still depend on wild catches that lead to a non-target species harvest, especially the cryptic swimming crabs. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity of blue swimming crab specimens and other cryptic species using a molecular approach (DNA Barcoding). The samples were caught from the waters of Tuban District, East Java, Indonesia, using traditional foldable traps or "bubu lipat". This study utilized the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method targeting the Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. The sequences were then compared to the NCBI database to get the closest species based on the sequences. 21 out of 23 samples were identified as Portunus pelagicus, and two samples were identified as Charybdis feriata with percentage of similarity ranging from 99.68% to 100%. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using Neighbor Joining and Maximum Likelihood method with sequences from Scylla serrataas an outgroup. The genetic distance between P. pelagicus and C. feriata was 16%, whereas the genetic distance between P. pelagicus and C. feriata to the outgroup was 20%. The molecular method is crucial for species identification and population stock assessment. This information helps in determining stock boundaries, estimating population sizes, and understanding the genetic health of populations. Genetic data will help the government to have a better management of the fisheries activities in Indonesia by providing the diversity and population data.
Abundance and habitat suitability of Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis, Schneider 1801) in Phetchaburi River, Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand
Authors: CHANPRADUB KASIDIS , PATTANAWIBOOL ANAK , SAISAMORN APINYA , BHUMPAKPHAN NARIS , CHANTHANA SOMJATE , THONGSONG CHARONG , OUANSING YAN , SUKSAWATE WARONG , SUKMASUANG RONGLARP
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Chanpradub K, Pattanawibool A, Saisamorn A, Bhumpakphan N, Chanthana S, Thongsong C, Ouansing Y, Suksawate W, Sukmasuang R. 2023. Abundance and habitat suitability of Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis, Schneider 1801) in Phetchaburi River, Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 4755-4765. The Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis, Schneider 1801) is one of the critically endangered species with a remnant population reported in Kaeng Krachan National Park. This study aimed to investigate Siamese crocodiles' abundance and habitats along the Phetchaburi River. Thirteen rafting trips from December 2021 to July 2023 were conducted at a total distance of 315 kilometers, recording 68 encounters with an encounter rate of 0.22 per kilometer. It was estimated that the population size of Siamese crocodiles was four individuals. Environmental factors that influenced crocodile distribution, with slope, elevation, forest types, cumulative flow rates upstream, and land use patterns, were identified. These findings underscore the significance of the Phetchaburi River area for freshwater crocodile conservation, as indicated by a highly reliable model with a reliable score of 0.99±0.02. Important recommendations include habitat protection, development of a crocodile threat surveillance system, ongoing population studies, and community involvement, which are essential for sustainable conservation practices, public awareness campaigns, captive breeding and reintroduction programs, and population restoration efforts. This research provides valuable insights into the habitats and environmental factors impacting Siamese crocodiles, highlighting the critical role of preserving Kaeng Krachan National Park as an important habitat for this species.
Selection of drought-tolerant rice genotypes under cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cajuputi) agroforestry system
Authors: TARYONO TARYONO , SUPRIYANTA SUPRIYANTA , WULANDARI RANI AGUSTINA , NURMANSYAH NURMANSYAH , AMBARWATI ERLINA , ARSANA I GUSTI KOMANG DANA , ARISTYA VINA EKA , PURBA ARDIAN ELONARD , AISYA ALWA WIDI , ALAM TAUFAN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Taryono, Supriyanta, Wulandari RA, Nurmansyah, Ambarwati E, Arsana IGKD, Aristya VE, Purba AE, Aisya AW, Alam T. 2023. Selection of drought-tolerant rice genotypes under cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cajuputi) agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 24: 4791-4802. Rice production can be increased by expanding rice cultivation area on agroforestry land. However, planting rice in agroforestry system, which is generally rainfed, might cause drought stress and eventually can reduce rice yields. The study aimed to select rice genotypes under drought stress conditions in a rainfed agroforestry system with cajuput or kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cajuputi Powell). Ten promising rice lines and four control cultivars were grown during the dry season from March-July 2022 at the Menggoran Forest Management Resort, Playen Forest Section, Yogyakarta Forest Management, Indonesia. The observation was conducted on drought stress tolerance (sensitivity and recovery), molecular identification, and yield of rice cultivars. The results showed that G5 was the genotype with drought tolerance and had the best recovery compared to the other promising rice lines and control cultivars. The molecular identification of the 14 rice genotypes using 20 SSR markers detected 108 alleles with a PIC value of 0.707. The G5, G4, and G9 had higher yields than the control cultivars. The BLUE showed that the yield of G5, G4, and G9 were 6.59, 5.93 and 5.50 tons ha-1, respectively, while for BLUP by 6.45, 5.87 and 5.43 tons ha-1, respectively. Furthermore, there were four clusters consisting of cluster 1 (G9), cluster 2 (G7), cluster 3 (G5 and Inpago 12), and cluster 4 (Inpari 42, G6, Inpari 30 Ciherang Sub 1, Situ Bagendit, G3, G4, G10, G2, G1, and G8). The findings of this study recommend G4, G5, and G9 as promising rice lines which tolerant to drought stress under M. cajuputi agroforestry system and can be utilized in future plant breeding programs.
Antibacterial activity of mangrove plant extract of Rhizophora apiculata in inhibiting the growth of various strains of Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: MULIA DINI SISWANI , RAHAYU SUCI DWI , SUYADI AMAN , MUJAHID IKHSAN , ISNANSETYO ALIM
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Mulia DS, Rahayu SD, Suyadi A, Mujahid I, Isnansetyo A. 2023. Antibacterial activity of mangrove plant extract of Rhizophora apiculata in inhibiting the growth of various strains of Aeromonas hydrophila. Biodiversitas 24: 4803-4810. Aeromoniasis is a bacterial disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Synthetic antibiotics are often used to treat this disease. However, using antibiotics for too long with excessive doses can cause side effects for the environment, fish, and other aquatic biota. One of the natural ingredients with the potential as an antimicrobial is the mangrove plant Rhizophora apiculata. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant extract R. apiculata in inhibiting the growth of various strains of A. hydrophila. The study used a completely randomized design experimental method with a factorial pattern with 3 factors (plant part, bacterial strain, and extract concentration) with 48 treatments and 3 replications. Methanol (polar) and n-hexane (non-polar) were used as extract solvents. The parts of the plant used are leaves and stems. The bacterial strains used were GPl-04, GB-01, GK-01, GJ-01, GL-01, and GL-02. The concentration of mangrove extract used was 0, 10, 20, and 30%. The inhibition zone diameter measured the antimicrobial activity using a paper disc (Kirby Bauer method). The data analysis used was the non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis test and qualitative descriptive. The results showed that R. apiculata methanol extract's leaves and stems contain bioactive compounds of flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, while the n-hexane extract contains terpenoids. Leaves methanol extract R. apiculata exhibited better than stems, namely the inhibition zone diameter of 2.87 mm, at a concentration of 20% against the GJ-01 bacterial strain, while the methanol extract of stem R. apiculata showed the best antimicrobial activity, namely the diameter of the inhibition zone of 2.10 mm, at a concentration of 30% against the bacterial strain GL-02. Leaves n-hexane extract R. apiculata had the best antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 10% against the bacterial strain GL-01, with an inhibition zone diameter of 2 mm. The n-hexane extract of stems R. apiculata showed antimicrobial activity at a 30% concentration of 1.23 mm in the same strain. Mangroves plant R. apiculata have bioactive compounds that can be used as natural bactericides to control A. hydrophila bacterial disease.
Phytotelmata accounts for Aedes breeding places in Mantup Sub-district, Lamongan District, Indonesia
Authors: FAUZIYAH SHIFA , SUSANTI SAUDI FITRI , HARIYONO HARIYONO , FAZIRRAH VERA , NOVITASARI ANIK EKO , FADHILAH NUR , SUCIPTO TEGUH HARI , NAW SIN WAR
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Fauziyah S, Susanti SF, Hariyono H, Fazirrah V, Novitasari AE, Fadhilah N, Sucipto TH, Naw SW. 2023. Phytotelmata accounts for Aedes breeding places in Mantup Sub-district, Lamongan District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4820-4828. Dengue infection still remains a public health problem in Indonesia, which is classified as a tropical country. Some environmental factors that contribute to the transmission of dengue infection are human migration, human activity, food supply, and climate change. The other type of breeding place is natural breeding habitats, called phytotelmata. This study aims to investigate the diversity of Aedes species in phytotelmata from Mantup Sub-district, Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. The analytical observational study was conducted with a purposive sampling design. Mosquito larvae collection was carried out from February to March 2023 in Mantup Sub-district, an endemic region of dengue infection in Lamongan. Immature mosquitoes were reared in the laboratory till they merged into adult mosquitoes. This study found four groups of phytotelmata: leaf axils, bamboo joints, fallen leaves, and coconut shells. Leaf axils were the predominant type of phytotelmata (86.67%). Meanwhile, the lowest percentage was coconut shells and fallen leaves (3.33%). A total of 56 mosquito larvae consisting of 12 male Aedes aegypti, 21 female Ae. aegypti, 12 male Aedes albopictus, and 11 female Ae. albopictus were collected from 30 observation points. Eleven families of phytotelmata were found in this study. The predominant family was Araceae (33.3%), while the lowest were Agavaceae, Commelinaceae, Marantaceae, and Liliaceae (3.33%). Phytotelmata accounts for mosquito breeding places, which should be noticed and considered in dengue vector control programs.
Efficacy of bio-pesticide Lecanicillium lecanii against soybean-sucking bugs Riptortus linearis during field application
Authors: MULYATI YAYUK , ZUBAIDAH SITI , PRAYOGO YUSMANI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Mulyati Y, Zubaidah S, Prayogo Y. 2023. Efficacy of bio-pesticide Lecanicillium lecanii against soybean-sucking bugs Riptortus linearis during field application. Biodiversitas 24: 4829-4836. This study aimed to determine the effect of application time and surfactants on the efficacy of Lecanicillium lecanii strain Probolinggo in controlling the soybean pod-sucking bug Riptortus linearis in a field test. The study was conducted in a randomized block design consisting of two treatments, namely time of application (7 am, 10 am, 1 pm, and 4 pm) and type of surfactant (alkyl glycerol phthalate and alkylaryl polyglycol ether). Application time at 4 pm showed 93% highest mortality of R. linearis than the other treatments, with the lowest number of punctures (86 punctures) and the highest soybean dry weight (11.38 g), which were not significantly different from the application time of 10 am. The efficacy of L. lecanii increased by 74.3% after adding alkylaryl polyglycol ether. The efficacy of L. lecanii with alkyl glycerol phthalate was not significantly different from the control. In the parameters of the number of seed punctures and dry weight of soybeans, the surfactant treatment gave similar results to the control. The results showed that in the field test, the highest efficacy of L. lecanii against R. linearis occurred at 4 pm with alkil aril polyglycol ether surfactant.
Short Communication: The biodiversity of aquatic organisms in Anak Laut Lake, Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia
Authors: MUHTADI AHMAD , LEIDONALD RUSDI , YOLANDA OKTI , HARAHAP RUHHIYAH , MATONDANG NENENG PRATIWI , PUTRI KHAISYA , SIMAMORA LAURA F. M. , SITOMPUL GABRIYELLA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Muhtadi A, Leidonald R, Yolanda O, Harahap R, Matondang NP, Putri K, Simamora LFM, Sitompul G. 2023. Short Communication: The biodiversity of aquatic organisms in Anak Laut Lake, Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4837-4844. Anak Laut Lake is a unique and strategic coastal lake, significantly recognized for its diverse marine biota and the potential to be a spawning, nursery, and feeding ground. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the types of aquatic organisms, including plankton, fish, crustaceans, benthos, seagrasses, and mangroves in Anak Laut Lake. The experiment was conducted in October 2022 in the Anak Laut Lake ecosystem, North Singkil Sub-district, Aceh Singkil District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The plankton was taken using a plankton net tool, extracted vertically from a depth of 2 m, and pulled to the surface. Fish and crustaceans were observed and caught with purse seines, ring nets, and gill nets. Benthic organisms were directly observed on the edge of the lake, along with the identification of mangroves, while at the bottom, the fishermen dove into the water. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and compared with similar research. The results showed a rich biodiversity in Anak Laut Lake, with at least 165 species/genera of aquatic biota, 9 species of mangroves, and 2 Seagrass species. The marine nekton found consisted of fish (55 species), shrimp (3 species), and crabs (10 species). The macrozoobenthos found in Anak Laut Lake consisted of 13 species of clams, 12 gastropods, 3 sea cucumbers, 2 sand dollars, 2 horseshoe crabs, and 1 sea urchin. Various species of aquatic biota whose existence was threatened in nature and found in this lake included golden sea cucumber (Stichopus herrmanni), seahorse (Hippocampus comes and Hippocampus kuda) with Vulnerable status (VU), tap ray (Maculabatis gerrardi), and sand cucumber (Holothuria scabra) with Endangered species status (EN). This shows that this coastal lake is an important and crucial habitat for several species that are vulnerable to extinction. For this reason, in the future, further studies are needed regarding the habitat characteristics and spatial and temporal distribution of aquatic organisms in Lake Laut, so that more appropriate management can be implemented for the sustainability of the lake.
Evaluating the quality of aquatic environment on the Planktonic-Index of Biotic Integrity (P-IBI) based whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds
Authors: AKBARURRASYID MUHAMMAD , PRAJAYATI VINI TARU FEBRIANI , SOFIAN ACHMAD , KATRESNA MUSTIKA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Akbarurrasyid M, Prajayati VTF, Sofian A, Katresna M. 2023. Evaluating the quality of aquatic environment on the Planktonic-Index of Biotic Integrity (P-IBI) based whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds. Biodiversitas 24: 4845-4853. Plankton is one of the biotic indicators used to evaluate the quality of the aquatic environment in the ponds. This study aims to find out the quality of the aquatic environment of the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds using Planktonic-Index Biotic of Integrity (P-IBI). Samples were collected in intensive L. vannamei farming in Pandeglang, Banten, and analyzed by the P-IBI method using 4 categories and 35 attributes. Matrix attributes include community composition, number of species, species density and species diversity. The P-IBI value is compared with the assessment category to obtain the status of aquatic environmental quality. The environmental quality assessment categories are: very good (83-100%), good (73-82%), moderate (57-72%) and bad (0-56%). The results of the study showed the assessment of Community Composition (CC) of 66 (66%) and the scoring of Amount of Species (AS) of 65 (59.09%) on the attributes of the number of Bacilloryophycea, percentage of Cyanophycea, Dinophyceae, and Protozoa. The scoring of Species Density (SD) obtained 65 (59.09%) on attributes of the abundance of Chlorophyceae and Bacilloryophycea and the low abundance of Dinophyceae and Protozoa. Meanwhile, the scoring of Species Diversity (SDI) obtained a maximal score of 30 (100%), which showed that the species diversity of plankton based on the Shannon-Wiener Index (H'), Margalef Index (E), and Pielou Index (D) was still in good condition, the species diversity was stable, and there were no dominating species. The P-IBI score obtained was in the moderate category for L. vannamei farming activities.
Assessing the taxonomic identity and distribution of endemic and critically endangered Cynometra cebuensis F. Seid. (Fabaceae) in Cebu Island, Philippines
Authors: LILLO EDGARDO P. , MALAKI ARCHIEBALD B. , ALCAZAR STEVE MICHAEL T. , CHAVEZ MARIA LEVY M. , CAÑARIJO III DEMETRIO M. , PANTINOPLE ERWIN M. , REDOBLADO BERNARDO R. , MARGATE MARVIN A. , DIAZ JOHN LOU , FLORES KRISTEL MAY C. , LILLO JESSA MARIE P. , GONZAGA CHRISTINE FAYE O. , ROSALES RAAMAH , ALMIRANTE ARNALDO , TOMOL CHRISTINE JOY
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Lillo EP, Malaki AB, Alcazar SMT, Chavez MLM, Cañarijo III DM, Pantinople EM, Redoblado BR, Margate MA, Diaz JL, Flores KMC, Lillo JMP, Gonzaga CFO, Rosales R, Almirante A, Tomol CJ. 2023. Assessing the taxonomic identity and distribution of endemic and critically endangered Cynometra cebuensis F. Seid. (Fabaceae) in Cebu Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 4854-4861. Cynometra cebuensis F. Seid. is a newly discovered species and considered endemic to Cebu Island, Philippines. Yet, it faces extinction threats, making it a critically endangered species. Information on the taxonomical certainty and geographical ranges is important to facilitate its protection and conservation. Therefore, this study focuses on the identification and distribution of C. cebuensis in Cebu Island, Philippines. Field surveys were conducted across various Key Biodiversity Areas and the Cebu Central Protected Landscape, specifically the Tabunan forest, to ascertain the distribution of these species. The Leaf Architectural Working Group Manual was employed to meticulously describe leaf characteristics, supplemented by information from published literature. Contrary to previous assumptions that C. cebuensis F. Seid. exclusively inhabited the Tabunan forest within Cebu Central Protected Landscape, this study reveals its presence in multiple areas outside Tabunan. Notably, C. cebuensis F. Seid. displays several distinct characteristics that differentiate it from other congeners, encompassing leaf structure, shape, fruit dimensions, growth patterns, and a unique identification key. Given its confinement to Cebu Island, C. cebuensis F. Seid. is acknowledged as an endemic species. Accurate identification of this species assumes pivotal importance in steering effective conservation endeavors. However, its distribution is observed to be confined to a few remaining forested patches. This emphasizes the urgency of safeguarding the Key Biodiversity Areas within Cebu Island, Philippines, where the exclusive presence of C. cebuensis F. Seid. has been ascertained.
Association of g.331T>C and g.1909T>C locus in KISS1 gene with fecundity traits of Kacang and Boerka goats
Authors: MASKUR MASKUR , JAN RAHMA , LESTARI LESTARI , ROZI TAPAUL , MUHSININ MUHAMMAD
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Maskur, Jan R, Lestari, Rozi T, Muhsinin M. 2023. Association of g.331T>C and g.1909T>C locus in KISS1 gene with fecundity traits of Kacang and Boerka goats. Biodiversitas 24: 4870-4876. The neuropeptide kisspeptin encodes the KISS1 gene and is crucial for reproductive system signals. This study aimed to identify polymorphisms of fecundity genes by observing candidate genes for prolific traits, namely the KISS1 gene (exon 1 and intron 1), and their relationship with litter size in Kacang and Boerka goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). The total sample used was 211 female goats. The stages of the research included DNA extraction, PCR amplification and genotyping. The association of KISS1 gene genotypes with litter size traits in Kacang goats and Boerka was analyzed using the SAS 9.1.3 software with General Linear Model (GLM) procedure. The results showed that the g.331T>C locus of the KISS1 exon 1 gene was monomorphic in all Kacang and Boerka goats populations. The locus g.1909T>C of the KISS1 intron 1 gene was polymorphic in all Kacang and Boerka goats populations. The locus g.1909T>C of the KISS1 intron 1 gene found three genotypes (TT, AT, AA). The frequency of allele T (0.775 and 0.815) was higher than allele A (0.225 and 0.185) in all Kacang and Boerka goats populations. The association of TT and AT genotypes with litter size significantly differed from that of the AA genotype in the Kacang goat. Meanwhile, in the Boerka goat, the TT genotype significantly differed from the AT and AA genotypes. The goat KISS1 gene polymorphism is critical to reproductive function and may be a reproductive characteristic marker.
Effect of different drying methods on phenolic content, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and inhibition kinetic properties of selective green leafy vegetables
Authors: MASER WAHYU HARYATI , KARNJANAPRATUM SUPATRA , KINGWASCHARAPONG PASSAKORN , VENKATACHALAM KARTHIKEYAN , ALI ALI MUHAMMED MOULA , BAVISETTY SRI CHARAN BINDU
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Maser WH, Karnjanapratum S, Kingwascharapong P, Venkatachalam K, Ali AMM, Bavisetty SCB. 2023. Effect of different drying methods on phenolic content, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and inhibition kinetic properties of selective green leafy vegetables. Biodiversitas 24: 4896-4909. The present study assessed the impact of dehydration drying, oven drying, and freeze drying on Total Phenolic Content (TPC), antioxidant activities (DPPH, metal chelating, and FRAP), and the inhibition activity of a-amylase, a-glucosidase, and lipase in selected green leafy vegetables, namely celery (Apium graveolens L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss), and spring onion (Allium cepa L.). FTIR analysis was conducted to examine the functional groups, GC-MS was utilized to characterize the compounds, and a kinetic study of a-glucosidase inhibition was undertaken to assess its inhibitory mode as an antidiabetic agent. Freeze drying exhibited the highest extraction yield (17.89% to 26.15%). However, freeze-drying showed lower drying efficiency, TPC, and bioactivities. Oven drying showed the highest bioactivities, including antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Spring onion demonstrated the highest bioactivity with dehydration drying, particularly in a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results notified that oven drying can be highly suitable for green leafy vegetables with thinner structures, facilitating an efficient drying process. On the other hand, dehydration drying is better suited for thicker green leafy vegetables with the appropriate heat pump intensity. The results for bioactivities were aligned with the observed inhibition mechanism, functional groups, and bioactive compounds in the samples analyzed via FTIR and GC-MS analysis. Therefore, selecting the drying method for a specific sample should consider its unique characteristics to ensure optimal bioactivity.
Isolation of bacteria displaying potent antagonistic activity against fungi causes anthracnose disease in chili
Authors: TRAM TRAN THI NGOC , QUANG HOANG TAN , VU NGUYEN QUANG HOANG , NGUYEN PHAN THI THAO , THI TON NU MINH , PHUONG TRUONG THI BICH , THI PHAM THI DIEM
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Tram TTN, Quang HT, Vu NQH, Nguyen PTT, Thi TNM, Phuong TTB, Thi PTD. 2023. Isolation of bacteria displaying potent antagonistic activity against fungi causes anthracnose disease in chili. Biodiversitas 24: 4919-4926. Anthracnose is a common disease on many crops caused by Colletotrichum species, and it leaves serious consequences, especially on chili. Beta-1,3 glucanase is a semi-constitutive hydrolytic enzyme that is involved in the biological regulation of plant pathogens. Its main function is the breakdown of ?-1,3-glucan, a major constituent of the fungal cell wall. In a study conducted in Vietnam's Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue Provinces, researchers isolated five bacterial strains from soil where chili plants were grown. To induce the production of beta-1,3 glucanase, these isolates were cultivated in a nutrient-rich medium supplemented with 1% laminarin. The activity of beta-1,3-glucanase in the bacterial strains ranged from 0.31 to 1.72 U mL-1, and antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum spp. causes of anthracnose reached from 50.68 to 69.04%. Strain AT4 had strong antagonistic activity against C. scovillei HUCL1, C. siamensis PV6, and CL3 of 76.44, 62.65, and 68.04%, respectively. Molecular identification based on 16S-rRNA sequences showed that the strains were Paenibacillus polymyxa AT4, B. siamensis ML3, B. tequilensis ML4 and ML6, and B. velezensis GL7. AT4 and ML6 are potential strains for the control of anthracnose diseases caused by Colletotrichum spp. on chili peppers.
Agronomic and morphological characteristics of two rice genotypes plant in open land and under two years of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria)
Authors: DULBARI DULBARI , MUTAQIN ZAINAL , SUTRISNO HERY , NURYANTI NI SILUH PUTU , YURIANSYAH YURIANSYAH , SUDRAJAT DENNY , AHYUNI DESTIEKA , SAPUTRA HIDAYAT , BUDIARTI LINA , PRIYADI PRIYADI , ROCHMAN FAJAR , RAHMADI RIZKY , FIRMANSYAH MUHAMMAD ALAM , SAIJO SAIJO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Dulbari, Mutaqin Z, Sutrisno H, Nuryanti NSP, Yuriansyah, Sudrajat D, Ahyuni D, Saputra H, Budiarti L, Priyadi, Rochman F, Rahmadi R, Firmansyah MA, Saijo. 2023. Agronomic and morphological characteristics of two rice genotypes plant in open land and under two years of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria). Biodiversitas 24: 4927-4933. The increase in population is the biggest challenge for the agricultural sector in providing food needs. The main problem in increasing food production in Indonesia is the limited agricultural land. There is a need to explore alternative land options to address this issue and enhance production capacity, specifically for rice at the national level. One of the potential solutions is to use land currently occupied by plantation crops and forests that can be managed through agroforestry. Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) I.C.Nielsen) is a forestry plant that offers a comparative advantage for investigation in agroforestry systems due to its relatively open canopy cover and classification as a legume. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the response of the morphological and agronomic characters of two rice genotypes planted in open land under 2-year-old sengon stands. The experiment was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018 in the Sengon community forest of Cikarawang, Bogor, with coordinates 06° 33.061' S and 106° 43.987' E. The results showed that two rice genotypes grown under one-year-old sengon stands experienced decreased productive tillers, plant height, stem strength, and the number and weight of grains per panicle. The IR 64 genotype decreased by 40.65% in grain weight per panicle, while the Situ Patenggang genotype experienced a 56.21% decrease.
Reef fish monitoring as a coral reef resilience indicator in the Sempu Strait, South of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: BINTORO GATUT , ISDIANTO ANDIK , HARAHAB NUDDIN , KURNIAWAN ANDI , WICAKSONO AGUS DWI , MAHARDITHA RELIA , FATHAH AULIA LANUDIA , PUTRI BERLANIA MAHARDIKA , HAYKAL MUCHAMAD FAIRUZ , ASADI MUHAMMAD ARIF , SETYANTO ARIEF , LELONO TRI DJOKO , LUTHFI OKTIYAS MUZAKY , PRATIWI DWI CANDRA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Bintoro G, Isdianto A, Harahab N, Kurniawan A, Wicaksono AD, Maharditha R, Fathah AL, Putri BM, Haykal MF, Asadi MA, Setyanto A, Lelono TD, Luthfi OM, Pratiwi DC. 2023. Reef fish monitoring as a coral reef resilience indicator in the Sempu Strait, South of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4950-4959. Sempu Island is designated as a nature reserve which is surrounded by a fairly high diversity of coral reefs. Since the high activities of fishing ports near this island, the anthropogenic pressure seriously became a threat to the biodiversity of coral reefs in this nature reserve. Continuous observation of reef fish is an important activity to monitor the coral reef health condition. Since then, bimonthly monitoring using an underwater visual census has been conducted from October 2021 to May 2022. Based on these observations obtained that the average reef fish abundance was in the "low" category, namely 0.516 ind/m2 in October 2021, 0.527 ind/m2 in December 2021, 0.522 ind/m2 in February 2022, and 0.378 ind/m2 in May 2022. The abundance of reef fish obtained consisted of three categories: indicators, targets, and majors. Overall, the Pomacantridae family, from the major fish category, has the largest abundance compared to other families. While the range of coral coverage was 6-21.3%, which was included in the "bad" category. There was a relationship with a value of 0.462 (medium) between coral cover and fish abundance. The abundance of reef fish at 21.4% was influenced by coral cover, while the remaining 78.6% was influenced by other factors outside of the tested variables. The decline in reef fish abundance in 2015-2022 can be caused by a decrease in coral cover in the Sempu Strait.
Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater as reservoirs for spreading extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Abakaliki, Nigeria
Authors: UGBO EMMANUEL NNABUIKE , JACOB JENNIFER INIOBONG , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , WITANINGRUM ADIANA MUTAMSARI , AGUMAH BERNARD NNABUIFE , UGBO AGATHA IFUNANYA , MOSES BENJAMIN IKECHUKWU
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Ugbo EN, Jacob JI, Effendi MH, Witaningrum AM, Agumah BN, Ugbo AI, Moses BI. 2023. Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater as reservoirs for spreading extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Biodiversitas 24: 4960-4966. The emergence of antimicrobial and multi-resistance extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms (ESBL) from the environment and hospitals is a serious global health concern. This research focused on the role of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater as a reservoir for spreading extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Exactly 110 poultry slaughterhouses wastewater was collected using sterile universal containers from abattoirs in Abakaliki. The samples were analyzed microbiological for the presence of E. coli using standard techniques. The E. coli isolates found were subjected to a sensitivity test to antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and further tested for ESBL-producing E. coli using a double disc synergy test and chromogenic media Brilliance ESBL agar. Of 110 wastewater samples analyzed, 55 (50.0%) were positive for E. coli contamination. The E. coli isolates showed antibiotic resistance ranging between 21.8% (amoxicillin clavulanic acid) to 69.1% (tetracycline), and good susceptibility was observed on cefepime (72.7%). Thus, among 55 E. coli isolates, 11(20.0%) were ESBL-producing E. coli with resistance patterns as follows: TET-STX-CAZ-CTX-FEP (four isolates); TET-STX-CAZ-CTX (four isolates); TET-STX-CAZ-CTX-FEP-CRO (three isolates), and average multidrug resistance index of 0.7. This study revealed that poultry slaughterhouse wastewater was a reservoir for multidrug resistance ESBL-producing E. coli. Therefore, properly treating wastewater from poultry production or farms before disposing into the drainage channel or water bodies is highly recommended to avoid spreading ESBL-producing organisms from animal waste products to humans and their environment.
Characterization and molecular identification of bacteria from mackerel bekasam in Sorong City, Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia
Authors: SUKMAWATI SUKMAWATI , RATNA RATNA , SIPRIYADI SIPRIYADI , YUNITA MELDA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Sukmawati S, Ratna R, Sipriyadi, Yunita M. 2023. Characterization and molecular identification of bacteria from mackerel bekasam in Sorong City, Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4967-4977. Bekasam is traditional food type produced by traditional fermented fish. Microbes that grow through fermentation play an important role in forming the product’s aroma, texture, and overall quality. The study aimed to determine the biochemical characteristic of bacteria from mackerel (Scomberomorus sp.) bekasam in Sorong City and identify bacteria at the molecular level. This research was a descriptive study, which described the results of the characterization of bacteria from fermented mackerel fish and the results of molecular identification to the species level through the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique. Then, the DNA sequences were further analyzed using the agarose gel electrophoretic separation method to visualize the bacterial DNA profile. The biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates from mackerel showed that all isolates were negative indole, and eight isolates were positive in reducing nitrate. In comparison, four isolates were negative in reducing nitrate, then all isolates had proteolytic activity except the FST 3.1 and FST 3.2 isolates. Eleven isolates were positive in hydrolyzing fat, and one isolate could not hydrolyze fat. According to the DNA patterns seen in electrophoresis and alignment of the 16 sRNA gene sequences, several types of bacteria had been identified as Bacillus paramycoides strain 2883 FST 1.1, Bacillus paramycoides strain 3665 FST 2.1, Bacillus mobilis strain ICA-144 FST 3.1, Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579 FNT 1.1, Bacillus mobilis strain ICA-144 FNT 2.1, and Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579 FNT 3.1.
Influences of zonation on water fertility and structure communities of phytoplankton and benthos in Batukaras Mangrove Forest, Pangandaran District, Indonesia
Authors: PRATIWI DESTY , OKTAVIA DINA , SUMIARSA DADAN , SUNARDI SUNARDI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Pratiwi D, Oktavia D, Sumiarsa D, Sunardi S. 2023. Influences of zonation on water fertility and structure communities of phytoplankton and benthos in Batukaras Mangrove Forest, Pangandaran District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4978-4988. Mangrove forests are coastal areas with several advantages, including access to natural resources that other regions do not provide. Pangandaran has mangrove forest areas, namely Batukaras mangroves, located in Batukaras Village, Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. This study aims to identify the primary productivity and community structure of phytoplankton and benthos as one of the natural resources in the Batukaras mangrove with different zone patterns of mangrove (seaward and landward). The purposive sampling method determined the observation stations based on the vegetation density. The obtained data of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) was analyzed with the light and dark bottle (Winkler method). In addition, the data community structure of phytoplankton and benthos was analyzed using the Shannon Wienner diversity index (H'), equitability index (E), and Simpson dominance index (D). The results show that the NPP in seaward and landward are mesotrophic with values of 105.833 mgC/m3/h and 36.463 mgC/m3/h. The abundance of phytoplankton and benthos in seaward is 560 ind/m3 and 387 ind, while landward ranges from 1140 ind/m3 and 135 ind. Planktoniella sp. and Faunus ater dominated the community structure of phytoplankton and benthos seaward, while the landward location consisted of Oscillatoria sp. and Terebralia sulcata. The community structure of phytoplankton and benthos in seaward and landward has significant differences (<0.05). The seaward and landward zone shows relatively stable and non-polluted waters.
Potential of local Bacillus spp. isolates as wilt disease biocontrol agents for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae on Allium x wakegi
Authors: ASRUL ASRUL
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Asrul. 2023. Potential of local Bacillus spp. isolates as wilt disease biocontrol agents for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae on Allium x wakegi. Biodiversitas 24: 4989-4997. Implementation of biological agents for eradication and inhibition of plant pathogens is often ineffective due to its protracted consequences. The objective of this research was to examine the potential of local isolates of Bacillus spp. as a biocontrol agent in suppressing Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) on wakegi onions (Allium × wakegi Araki). The research was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with the treatment of rhizospheric bacterial isolates. The treatments included control (without isolate application) and seven bacterial isolates, namely KP17, KP5, DB9, DB12, DB18, DG4 and DG11. Each treatment was repeated five times and each replication consisted of 10 wakegi onion plants. The results showed that a total of 46 isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere of wakegi onion and seven isolates among them were selected as biocontrol agents. These isolates had similarities with Bacillus spp. in accordance with the colony morphology, physiology and biochemical characteristics. Among the isolates found, DB12 emerged as the isolate that had the potential to be developed as a biocontrol agent.
Morphological and anatomical studies of Conamomum vietnamense N.S. Lý & T.S. Hoang: An endemic plant from Vietnam
Authors: NHI NGUYEN THANH TO , CHEN TRAN VAN , LAM DUONG NGUYEN XUAN , NGUYEN DANH DUC , DINH QUANG DIEP , LINH NGUYEN HOANG KHANH
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Nhi NTT, Chen TV, Lam DNX, Nguyen DD, Dinh QD, Linh NHK. 2023. Morphological and anatomical studies of Conamomum vietnamense N.S. Lý & T.S. Hoang: An endemic plant from Vietnam. Biodiversitas 24: 5022-5034. Conamomum vietnamense N.S. Lý & T.S. Hoang (Zingiberaceae) is an endemic plant from Vietnam. Information on the anatomical structure of leaves, roots, rhizomes, and the powder characteristics of C. vietnamense has not been reported. This study aimed to combine macro- and micro-morphological analysis to identify C. vietnamense accurately. Twenty fresh plants were randomly collected from the wild habitats in Vietnam were used for the study. Macromorphological characteristics were observed and compared to earlier research. Iodine green-carmine staining was then used to histologically examine the leaves, roots, and rhizomes. The powdered rhizome and leaf features were described via a microscope. Macromorphologically, C. vietnamense is characterized by its stout stilt roots, short petioles, oblong-lanceolate leaf blades with lightly plicate, inflorescences with obovoid, and narrowly ovate bracts, hairy underside bracteoles, bilobed calyx, yellow flowers with broadly obovate, glabrous, trilobed labellum. Micromorphologically, the anatomical features of leaves, roots, and rhizomes have similarities with those of Zingiberaceae species. The tetracytic stomata was observed on both leaf surfaces. The stomatal indexes on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of the leaves are 8.81±0.55% and 0.1±0.06%, respectively. Calcium oxalate crystals were found in the leaf. Starch grains and reticulate xylem vessels were present only in rhizome powder. These findings are important characteristics for identifying C. vietnamense.
Genetic diversity and molecular analysis using RAPD markers of banana cultivars in the five regions of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: SLAMETO SLAMETO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Slameto. 2023. Genetic diversity and molecular analysis using RAPD markers of banana cultivars in the five regions of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5035-5043. The study explored banana plants in East Java, Indonesia, specifically in the districts of Jember, Banyuwangi, Bondowoso, Situbondo, and Lumajang, using Random Amplified Polymorphic Deoxyribonucleic Acid (RAPD) markers. Thirty accessions of Musa ssp. were collected from these five districts, revealing a high level of genetic diversity. Primers OPA-04 and OPC-05 were suitable for assessing genetic variation in banana plants. It was found that the OPD-07 primer produced the fewest DNA bands (8 bands and 7 polymorphic bands), while the OPA-04 primer produced the maximum number of DNA bands (14 bands, with 9 polymorphic bands). The OPB-08 primer had the lowest polymorphism percentage (56%), and the OPC-05 primer had the greatest percentage (92%). With genetic similarity scores ranging from 0.04 (Bigih Tanjung Glugur and Lilin Banyuwangi) to 0.94 (Agung Banyuwangi and Let). The phylogenetic tree of 30 banana plants formed two primary clusters: cluster I and II, included 26 and 4 banana varieties respectively. In addition, molecular variance (AMOVA) resulted a significant proportion (93%) of genetic diversity within the population. Further studies using more precise genetic markers are still needed to determine the exact identity of the banana plant genome.
Implementation of the Pelagic Hotspot Index in detecting the habitat suitability area for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: ISTNAENI ZABHIKA DINDA , GAOL JONSON LUMBAN , ZAINUDDIN MUKTI , FITRIANAH DEVI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Istnaeni ZD, Gaol JL, Zainuddin M, Fitrianah D. 2023. Implementation of the Pelagic Hotspot Index in detecting the habitat suitability area for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the eastern Indian Ocean. Biodiversitas 24: 5044-5056. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839) is a species with a high economic value that can migrate horizontally and vertically over a large area. Although sea temperature has been the main focus of previous findings, other variables can serve as a reasonable proxy. Here we used sea surface chlorophyll-a, sea surface height, subsurface sea salinity, and subsurface temperature to predict the suitable habitat area for bigeye tuna in the Eastern Indian Ocean Off Java. A Generalized Additive Model was performed to analyze the best-fit model evaluated from the p-value and Cumulative Deviance Explained. The suitability index of the selected model was calculated using Pelagic Hotspot Index constructed from multi-spectrum satellite data. The results showed that the high catches were located on the high suitable index value and supported by chlorophyll-a as the most significant factor, followed by sea surface height, temperature, and salinity. This condition was stimulated by the high feeding opportunity, which may relate to the EIO's oceanic front, eddies, and specific current patterns. This study helps identify ecological hotspots, track the migration, and monitor the seasonal closure for bigeye tuna, particularly in EIO.
Response diversity and traits related to pepper yellow leaf curl disease resilience for resistant plants selection
Authors: SAYEKTI TRI WAHONO DYAH AYU , SYUKUR MUHAMAD , HIDAYAT SRI HENDRASTUTI , MAHARIJAYA AWANG , SOBIR SOBIR
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Sayekti TWDA, Syukur M, Hidayat SH, Maharijaya A, Sobir. 2023. Response diversity and traits related to pepper yellow leaf curl disease resilience for resistant plants selection. Biodiversitas 24: 5057-5064. Many chili species (Capsicum spp.) have been used and consumed, among them five species, namely Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum and C. pubescens, are widely used. Most of these varieties are susceptible to Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Disease (PYLCD) caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) (Begomovirus, Geminiviridae). To control PYLCD, it is essential to gather resistant plant varieties to effectively shield cultivated plants from viral infections. An effective selection activity related to the target character is needed to get highly productive resistant plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between resistance characters to crop production and to obtain appropriate selection criteria to increase the effectiveness of selecting resistant plants with good production. This study was conducted at Cikabayan Field, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. Twenty-nine genotypes of chili pepper were used, which consists of four species, including C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, and C. baccatum, arranged in a nested block design with three replications. The observed symptoms were yellowing of leaves followed by leaf malformations, but there were differences in the yellowing symptoms. From observation on visual symptoms, resistance characteristics, plant performance and productivity, there were differences in the response of each species to PYLCV attack. Correlation and path analysis results show that there was also differences in performance drop between C. annuum species and the non-C. annuum group. In C. frutescens, C. chinense, and C. baccatum, direct selection on resistance characters was able to increase the resistance level of selected plants while maintaining good crop production. Whereas for C.  annuum species, the plant resistance level was not correlate with productivity reduction, so in the selection process, the percentage of yield decline needs to be considered to obtain resistant plants and maintain crop production.