bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cave carmen: o uso da habanera na abertura Gabriela, Cravo e Canela, de Fernando Lopes-Graça
Authors: Lopes Guilhermina
Published: December 2018

Apresento, neste artigo, uma análise da abertura sinfônica Gabriela, Cravo e Canela (1963), do compositor português Fernando Lopes-Graça (1906-1994), inspirada no romance homônimo de Jorge Amado. Destaco alguns aspectos da relação entre a ambientação no romance e na música, tomando como ferramenta de análise a identificação de tópicas. Partindo das categorias de relações transtextuais de Gérard Genette (1982, 1987) e de sua adaptação à análise musical por Paulo Ferreira de Castro (2015), abordo o uso do padrão rítmico da habanera como elemento estruturador da partitura e, mais especificamente, do motivo Prends garde à toi! entoado pelo coro na Habanera da ópera Carmen, de Georges Bizet, destacando o paralelo entre as características de sensualidade e liberdade associadas às duas personagens. Acrescentando a ingenuidade e a espontaneidade infantil de Gabriela, associo estas características ao que identifico como tópicas circenses e pastorais, estas últimas também observadas na análise literária de José Paulo Paes (2012) e relacionadas por este autor aos conceitos de “bom selvagem” e “criança-juiz”. Tomando como base as análises de Carmen por Susan McClary (2002) e de Gabriela na nota de encarte de João de Freitas Branco (1967), discuto a ideia de “morte necessária” da mulher que foge às expectativas morais e sociais e sua subversão por Amado e Lopes-Graça, esta realizada musicalmente a partir do recurso de anticlímax. Aponto brevemente, por fim, a questão da presença e a pertinência do exotismo na abordagem musical de Gabriela, a partir de sua associação ao erotismo e do uso do tresillo.
Upgrade of the NA61/SHINE Facility beyond 2020 for an Expanded Physics Programme
Authors: Larsen Dag
Published: December 2018

The NA61/SHINE experiment studies hadron production in hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. The physics programme includes the study of the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point as well as reference measurements for neutrino and cosmic ray experiments. For strong interactions, future plans are to extend the programme of study of the onset of deconfinement by measurements of open-charm and possibly other short-lived, exotic particle production in nucleus-nucleus collisions. This new programme is planned to start after 2020 and requires upgrades to the present NA61/SHINE detector setup. Besides the construction of a large acceptance silicon detector, a 10-fold increase of the event recording rate is foreseen, which will necessitate a general upgrade of most detectors.
Ideologies Behind the Halal Tourism Sector
Authors: Marbun Saortua
Published: December 2018

A quick scan of the available literature on the subject of halal tourism reveals that many scholars and laypersons alike misconceive this concept. Whereas some suggest that halal tourism occurs whenever a Muslim individual travels somewhere, others retort that only pilgrimages by Muslim travelers regarded as halal tourism. More careful research of the literature shows that the truth is somewhere in between, as none of the above definitions is correct. Overall, it is this lack of clarity that has prompted an additional inquiry into the essence of halal tourism. This essay is a modest academic endeavor to ascertain what halal tourism is and what ideologies lie at its foundation. To answer these questions, the author employs the literature review research methodology, scrutinizing number sources. Ultimately, this essay has established that halal tourism not confined to religious pilgrimages alone. Indeed, halal tourism occurs whenever a Muslim individual travels for religion, business or leisure and uses only those services and facilities that conform to the teachings of Islam.
Inchoative Discovery of Plausible (Un)explored Synergistic Combinatorial Biological Hypotheses for Static/Time Series Wnt Measurements via Ranking Search Engine : BioSearch Engine Design
Authors: Sinha Shriprakash
Published: December 2018

\textsc{Background} Often, in biology, we are faced with the problem of exploring relevant unknown biological hypotheses in the form of myriads of combination of factors that might be affecting the pathway under certain conditions. Currently, a major problem in biology is to cherry pick the combinations based on expert advice, literature survey or guesses for investigation. The search and wet lab testing of these combinations costs a lot in terms of time, investment and energy. In a recent development of the PORCN-WNT inhibitor ETC-1922159 for colorectal cancer, a list of down-regulated genes were recorded in a time buffer after the administration of the drug. The regulation of the genes were recorded individually but for a majority, it is still not known which higher ($\geq 2$) order combinations might be playing a greater role in the pathway. \textsc{Results} The pipeline provides a prioritised list of important $2^{nd}$ order combinations of a range of family of genes involved in the Wnt pathway. More specifically, it reveals the various unexplored FZD-WNT combinations that have been untested till now in the pathway. In relation to ETC-1922159 affected combinations, the down-regulation of LGR-RNF family after the drug treatment is evident in these rankings as it takes bottom priorities for LGR5-RNF43 combination. The LGR6-RNF43 takes higher ranking than LGR5-RNF43, indicating that it might not be playing a greater role as LGR5 during the Wnt enhancing signals. These rankings confirm the efficacy of the proposed search engine design. \textsc{Conclusion} A pipeline has been developed to prioritise an $n^{th}$ order combination of factors that affect a signaling pathway. It takes into account the sensitivity indices computed from variance based (SOBOL) and density-kernel based (HSIC) methods to estimate the influence of each factor or combination of factors. These are then fed as feature vectors into a powerful support vector ranking algorithm that produces a ranked list of the interactions/combinations.
Can the Use of Video Learning Increase Student’s Interest in Traditional Music?
Authors: Mustofa Septhea Pradina , Wihidayat Endar S. , Hatta Puspanda
Published: December 2018

Nowadays, video increasing its popularity and becomes alternatives media used for education. It's popularity in line with the extensive access to online video such as Youtube, Netflix, etc. This research aims to compare learning outcomes between textbook and video specifically at students interest to Indonesian traditional music, named Gamelan. Quasi-experimental Design method used to compare those two learning media. Three phases of activities are conducted in this study: 1) preparing the video learning media, 2) testing learning media on experimental class and control class 3) taking questionnaires and analyze the result. The number of samples was 182 students, chosen from local students at a vocational high school at Boyolali, a city in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The results showed both of learning media increase the student interest. But the video increase student interest more significant.  Using the textbook, we got 77,58% meaning "interested". And using the video, we got 83,76%, meaning "very interested".
Blended Learning: To Read or Not To Read
Authors: Ang Tracey , Yunus Melor Md
Published: December 2018

Malaysian school had moved on to the second shift of Malaysia Education Blueprint, which is to make sure that all students in the school are able to master the basic skills of Bahasa Malaysia and English language. The English language is not a foreign language to people in Sabah, but many Sabah's students are still struggling to learn to read English literature because most of the reading activity takes place together or happens when they are using textbook or storybook. Meanwhile, because Sabah consist of multiracial people, English language had become their third or fourth acquired language. So, it is going to be a very tough challenge for the student to learn the English language skills, especially in reading. This conceptual paper aims to discuss the advantages of blended learning in order to increase Sabah's students reading ability in English literature. The paper will debate the benefits of blended learning for reading activities and the impact of applying blended learning in reading activities, especially during the English language lesson to the students and teacher. From the discussions, hopefully, it would provide a significant insight towards applying blended learning not just to teach English literacy reading in the classroom, but also for other language skills and other subjects.
The Effectiveness of Using Pictemp (Picture Template) to Aid Year 3 Vocabulary Skill in Malaysia
Authors: Md Dali Naqib Hanis , Saigaran Turkasshini Raja , Md Yunus Melor
Published: December 2018

Malaysian Government English Language Policy had clearly stated; English Language must be taught to all Malaysian student as a second language. The action research aimed to study the extent to which using the PicTemp (picture template) method is effective in improving the vocabulary among Year 3 pupils. The research participants comprised 10 low achievers Year 3 pupils from primary school located in Sepang and Putrajaya, Malaysia. The study involved the use of two different teaching methods, which were the traditional method and PicTemp methods. The instruments for the study consisted of Test 1 and Test 2, an interview schedule as well as journal entries. The results of the study showed that the PicTemp method was effective in helping Year 3 pupils develop their vocabulary. Although the results were positive, the study also finds that PicTemp method to be exhausting for young learners. Hence the study suggests that the application of this method could be on weekly basis.
Technology Acceptance Model for Examining the Feasibility of a Computer-based Test System (an Indonesian Context)
Authors: Nugroho Septian , Budiyanto Cucuk , Budianto Aris
Published: December 2018

Indonesia is a country with rapid technological developments in all sectors including education. This can be proved by the government's success in applying computer-based test in 2014 junior high school. Many conveniences obtained when the exam using computer such as the assessment automatically, get feedback quickly and the question can be stored in the bank question. In this research, computer-based test system will be developed based on the convenience as above and will be added some other features to suit of the school using waterfall development model. Additional features include classroom major, question grouping in the question bank, user management and ease of registration during new year academic calendar. After developing system has been done, the CBT system is tested to one class at a vocational high school in Indonesia using an system feasibility instrument adapted from technology acceptance model (TAM) to know the level of feasibility the CBT system in perceived usefulness and perceived easy of use. The test results show that CBT system is very suitable for use in the class and can be applied to all schools in Indonesia.
Efeitos da estrutura de capital sobre o gerenciamento de resultados contábeis no mercado brasileiro de capitais
Authors: Gomes Alexandre Cunha , De Macedo Hugo Costa , Marques José Augusto Veiga da Costa
Published: December 2018

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre a estrutura de capital e o gerenciamento de resultados contábeis no mercado brasileiro de capitais. Para abordar este objetivo de pesquisa foram analisadas 223 empresas não financeiras listadas na BM&FBovespa. A análise abordou o gerenciamento de resultados a partir dos Accruals discricionários estimados por meio de três diferentes modelos operacionais (Jones Modificado, KS e PAE). A estrutura de capital foi abordada a partir de dois fatores gerados por meio de análise fatorial, com a extração pelo método da análise dos componentes principais aplicada a índices de estrutura de capital utilizados em pesquisas pregressas. O objetivo da utilização da análise fatorial foi permitir que o maior número de perspectivas sobre as proporções entre as fontes de capital fosse contemplado na análise sem que houvesse problemas de alta correlação entre as variáveis explicativas do modelo. Os resultados evidenciaram que não há, de forma conclusiva, uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a estrutura de capital e os Accruals discricionários estimados por meio de qualquer dos três modelos operacionais. Esses resultados permitem compreender que a estrutura de capital não age como incentivo ao gerenciamento de resultados contábeis no mercado brasileiro de capitais.
Excision of Os Trigonum in Dancers via an Open Posteromedial Approach
Authors: Heyer Jessica H. , Dai Amos Z. , Rose Donald J.
Published: December 2018

An os trigonum is a potential source of posterior ankle pain in dancers, often associated with flexor hallucis longus (FHL) pathology. Surgical excision is indicated on failure of nonoperative management. Options for surgical excision include open excision (via a posterolateral or posteromedial approach), subtalar arthroscopy, and posterior endoscopy. Os trigonum excision via an open posteromedial approach with concomitant FHL tenolysis/tenosynovectomy is a safe and effective method for the operative treatment of a symptomatic os trigonum that allows for identification and treatment of associated FHL pathology. The major steps in the procedure, which are demonstrated in this video article, are: (1) preoperative planning with appropriate imaging; (2) patient is positioned in a supine position with the operative extremity in figure-of-4 position; (3) a 3-cm, slightly curvilinear longitudinal incision is made midway between the posterior aspect of the medial malleolus and the anterior aspect of the Achilles tendon, over the palpated FHL tendon, and the flexor retinaculum is exposed and incised; the neurovascular bundle is retracted anteriorly, exposing the FHL tendon and sheath; (4) FHL tenolysis/tenosynovectomy is performed; (5) the FHL is retracted anteriorly and a capsulotomy is performed over the os trigonum and the os trigonum is excised; (6) the capsule is repaired and closure is performed; and (7) dressings and a CAM (controlled ankle motion) walking boot are applied. The patient begins physical therapy at 2 weeks postoperatively and may return to dance at 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively as tolerated. In our series of 40 cases, 95% of patients who desired to return to dance were able to return to their pre-injury level of dance. There were no major neurovascular complications.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pentanahan Penangkal Petir Pada Tanah Basah dan Tanah Kering pada Laboratorium Teknik Konversi Energi
Authors: Nawir Herman , Djalal Muhammad Ruswandi , Sonong Sonong
Published: December 2018

Lightning rods in the Laboratory of Energy and Protection Distribution System of Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic are not functioning properly so the resistance resistance tends to be large, this is not good for earthing. This problem can be overcome by remaking lightning rods on wet and dry soils. This activity was carried out to reduce the value of resistance resistance in connection with this, this activity was carried out by designing, assembling and collecting data carried out by testing, while data analysis was carried out by counting. Based on the results of the discussion concluded that the resistance resistance value obtained is smaller than the previous device. Evidenced by the results of the test where the resistance value on the rod electrode in dry conditions ranged from 1.56 to 2.40 Ohm while the previous tool ranged from 1.6 to 9.0 Ohm. Then for wet soil conditions that range from 0.45 to 1.29 Ohm, while the previous tool is around 1.8 - 5.25 Ohm
Pemanfaatan Limbah Eceng Gondok Sebagai Energi Biogas Dengan Menggunakan Digester
Authors: Nawir Herman , Djalal Muhammad Ruswandi , Apollo Apollo
Published: December 2018

Biogas is an alternative energy in the form of gas formed from the process of fermentation of organic materials. One of the most abundant organic materials is water hyacinth. This research aims to design the tool that will be used to process water hyacinth so that it can produce biogas energy. The main components of the equipment made consist of digester, water trap, gas container, and gas stove, each made 3 appliances. The experiment was conducted using 3 pieces of digester where each digester was filled with 10kg of water hyacinth and different starter. Digester A uses a 0.5 liter EM4 starter mixed with 4.5 liters of water. Digester B using starter 5 kg of cow dung mixed with water 3 liters. And digester C using starter 5 kg of cow dung mixed with 0.5 liters EM4 and 4, 5 liters of water. Then see the development of biogas during the fermentation process (35 days). From the results of this study can be obtained biogas pressure, temperature, acidity (pH) and the duration of the flame generated by the means of producing biogas using this digester and can be applied to the stove. The pressure change produced by digester C is greater than the pressure generated from digesters A and B. The temperature changes produced in digester C are greater than the temperature produced by digesters A and B. The initial pH value of mixing for digester A is pH 6.3, digester B with pH 7.5 and digester C with pH 5.5. The pH value after biogas was produced for digester A with pH 7.5, digester B with pH 7.5 and digester C with pH 7.6. This corresponds to a good pH for the growth of biogas-forming microbes, ranging from 6.4 to 7.8. The fire generated on the blue flame test, with the total length of the flame for each digester is 54 minutes 46 seconds.
Penempatan Kapasitor Shunt Pada Sistem Kelistrikan 150 Kv Sulselrabar
Authors: Djalal Muhammad Ruswandi , Herman Herman
Published: December 2018

Power flow study is the determination or calculation of the voltage, current and power factor or reactive power that is present at various points in a power grid in the normal state, whether current or expected to occur in the future. From the result of normal condition analysis, it is obtained the critical voltage profile on bus 31 tonasa and used as the candidate for mounting capacitor. From the calculation results obtained capacities installed 16.0413 Mvar. From the simulation results before the installation and after installation of the capacitor visible improvement of voltage profile and channel losses. The channel losses prior to installation are 32,649 MW and after installation of 31,834 MW. For voltage profiles, some buses also look better, than before in critical conditions to be marginal. On the previous bus tonasa 0.933 pu to 0.953043 pu
Rancang Bangun Sistem Observasi Keadaan Atmosfer Bumi Menggunakan Drone
Authors: Juwita Lusiana Elmi , Suryadhi Suryadhi
Published: December 2018

Observation of atmospheric data is an integral part of research activities in fields related to weather and climate. The technology that has developed today has measured environmental parameters vertically using atmospheric broadcasting technology, radio, a device that can be flown by atmospheric balloon vehicles that can measure vertical atmospheric parameters and transmit data via radio. Therefore, this study makes the atmosphere that is temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind and GPS. By using DHT11 sensor as temperature and humidity transducer, BMP280 sensor as an air pressure transducer, HMC5883l as a wind direction transducer, MQ135 as a Carbon Dioxide gas transducer, and GPS as the purpose of the sensor data will be stored and sent via 3DR radio telemetry.
Effect of the Retention Ring-Assisted Continuous Application of Riboflavin in Pulsed-Light Accelerated Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking on the Progression of Keratoconus
Authors: Kim Chung Young , Kim MD Mee Kum
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the retention ring-assisted continuous application of 0.1% riboflavin in pulsed-light accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking on the progression of keratoconus.
Methods: The medical records of 20 eyes of 18 patients with progressive keratoconus who received collagen cross-linking at Seoul National University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Isotonic 0.1% riboflavin was continuously applied for 10 minutes using an 8.0-mm retention ring before the irradiation and accelerated cross-linking was applied with 30-mW pulsed-ultraviolet light at a wavelength 365 nm for eight minutes (1 second on/1 second off; 30 mW/cm2, cumulative dose of 7.2J/cm2) without further intermittent application of riboflavin. Visual acuity, refractive error, topographic index, corneal thickness, and endothelial cell density were evaluated before the operation and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
Results: The best corrected visual acuity in logMAR improved from preoperative 0.43 to 0.18 in 12 months. Maximum keratometry decreased from 51.8 D to 50.4 D at six months (p = 0.015) and 50.3 D at 12 months (p < 0.0001). Astigmatism decreased from preoperative 5.5 D to 4.2 D at 12 months (p < 0.0001). Thinnest corneal thickness decreased at three and six months but recovered in 12 months (p > 0.05). Endothelial cell density decreased at one month (p = 0.02) but gradually recovered in 12 months (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Continuous application of riboflavin using a retention ring for 10 minutes in an accelerated pulsed-light collagen cross-linking seems to be safe and effective for halting the progression of the keratoconus.
The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Microglial Activation during Remifentanil-Induced Hyperalgesia in Rats
Authors: Chen Xiang Xiang , Wei Xin
Published: December 2018

Background: Opioids can induce a state of nociceptive sensitization, also known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism is still unclear. The following study investigates the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the microglial activation during remifentanil—induced hyperalgesia in rats’ model of incisional pain.
Methods: Mechanical allodynia induced by remifentanil was established in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats with incisional pain. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were performed to evaluate mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The 32-G catheter intrathecal placement was used to deliver a specific TLR4 antagonist (LPS-RS).Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression of the TLR4 and iba-1, while Immunoﬂuorescence staining was used to investigate the cell type and cell activation.
Results：Incisionalpain-remifentanil decreased the PWT and PWTL, upregulated the expression of TLR4 and microglial activation in the spinal cord. On the contrary, the intrathecal delivery of LPS-RS at the dose of 25 μg significantly decreased mechanical allodynia and prevented the upregulation of TLR4 induced by incisional pain-remifentanil
Conclusion: These findings suggest that TLR4 signaling pathway has an important role in incisional pain-remifentanil hyperalgesia, and that it could serve as the therapeutic target for persistent postsurgical pain
Pattern and Presentation of Vitreo-Retinal Diseases: Lessons from a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in Nepal
Authors: Rai Bhim Bahadur , Shresthra Mohan K. , Thapa Raba , Essex Rohan W. , Paudyal Govinda , Maddess Ted
Published: December 2018

Background: We examined patients presenting in a tertiary eye hospital in Nepal, focussing on information for screening and management programs for vitreo-retinal disease (VR).
Methods: We reviewed all patients presenting for the first time to the VR-clinic over one year. We quantified patient demography, symptoms and duration, associated systemic diseases, ophthalmological examinations, diagnostic investigations and final diagnoses.
Results: Of the 1905 cases 1148 were males (60.3%). The 25th-percentile of ages was 29 and 38 years for males and females respectively, indicating females presented later (p<0.0001). Hypertension was the commonest systemic disease (40.8%), followed by diabetes (32.5%). Macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) affected 447 eyes (11.8%), and 416 eyes (10.9%) respectively. Male and female AMD and DR patients did not differ in age or disease duration, which for DR was not correlated with severity. Asymmetry of disease severity between AMD and DR eyes was largest in patients with one normal eye. Presenting acuity was highly asymmetric between eyes (p<0.0001) with people more often reporting when their dominant eyes had acuity of 6/18 or worse.
Conclusions: When left to self-report patients tended to not notice visual impairment in their non-dominant eye until their disease was quite advanced, putting them at risk of serious bilateral disease. Screening of blood pressure and glucose levels combined with fundus photography could prevent many from progressing to life-changing visual impairment and blindness. Later reporting by females began at childbearing age, therefore education and ocular screening could be usefully coupled to mother and child health programs.
Normative Values of The Retinal Macular Thickness in a Middle Eastern Population.
Authors: Saad Mouna Al , Shatarat Amjad T. , AlRyalat Saif Aldeen
Published: December 2018

Background: Since the normative value of the retinal macular thickness is undocumented in the Middle East, the aim of this work is to assess the normative values of the macular thickness in healthy eyes in a Middle Eastern population and its relationship with age, sex, and laterality.
Methods: 98 individuals were randomly selected from volunteers visiting the Jordan University Hospital in Amman, Jordan. Measurements were obtained using the Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Multivariable regression models were developed to obtain predicted normative values with adjustment to candidate variables. In addition, the effect of age, sex and laterality were evaluated.
Results: The average central fovea macular thickness was 232.1 (±30.85) um. The quadratic value of the retinal macular thickness decreased from the superior value of 299.71 (±23.67) um to the inferior value of 296.46 (±28.85) um and a nasal figure of 93.63 (±26.86) um. The temporal area has the thinnest value of 293.43 (±30.78) um. Central thickness was higher in males with a mean variation of 11.67 um (95% CI: 2.41 to 20.93) (p= 0.003). The thickness was highest within 3mm diameter from the center and decreased towards the periphery Eye sidedness didn’t contribute to variability of the macular thickness.
Conclusion: Our set of predicted normative data may be used to interrupt measurement of the macular thickness in Middle Eastern population. The average fovea macular thickness among Jordanians is consistent with previously reported values. Normative values from additional Middle Eastern populations are required to appraise our module.
The results of two-stage optico-functional rehabilitation of patients with refractive disorders and the risk of postoperative asthenopic syndrome after FemtoLASIK
Authors: Mushkova I. A. , Mitronina M. L. , Kornyushina T. A. , Maychuk N. V. , Shamsetdinova L. T.
Published: December 2018

Purpose. A comparative analysis of the results of two-stage optico-functional rehabilitation of patients with a high risk of postoperative asthenopic syndrome (AS).

Materials and methods. 36 patients (72 eyes) who had no binocular vision at a distance of 5 m and had a symmetrical position of the eyes, or a position close to symmetry, were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of comparison. Patients in both groups underwent functional treatment followed by the correction of refractive errors with FemtoLASIK technology. To eliminate accommodation dysfunctions, a medical device OXYS was used. Diploptic treatment was carried out using a Speckle-M laser apparatus and Bagolini raster glasses. To expand fusional reserves, a prism compensator (OKP-20, Russia) and a Speckle-M laser apparatus were used. The patients of the first group underwent a fast course of medical and functional rehabilitation for 5 working days (2 times a day with a break of 2–3 hours). As an additional pharmacological support, daily instillations of phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5 % without preservatives were prescribed. The other group received the same functional treatment for 10 working days.

Results. After the fast and the standard rehabilitation courses, the patients revealed an increase in absolute accommodation and a decrease in the coefficient of micro fluctuations, an expansion of fusional reserves, an increase in stereovision acuity, and an increased number of cases of binocular vision. No statistically significant difference of clinical and functional parameters obtained as a result of the fast and the standard rehabilitation courses was revealed.

Conclusions. Functional and medicament treatment of patients with refractive disorders and the absence of binocular vision prior to FemtoLASIK is shown to be effective. This treatment reduces the risk of postoperative AS and increases the patient’s satisfaction with the results of the surgery.
An algorithm for managing surgical patients with acute retinal necrosis
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Ilyukhin P. A. , Tankovsky V. E. , Fedotov R. A.
Published: December 2018

Purpose. To increase the efficiency of surgical treatment and develop an algorithm for managing patients with the consequences of acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Material and methods. The study included 35 patients (42 eyes) aged 18 to 74 with acute retinal necrosis. All patients underwent a microinvasive (23 Ga) vitrectomy with membrane peel, endolaser coagulation of the retina and endotamponade of the vitreal cavity with silicone oil. The operated eyes were divided into 2 groups. The main group consisted of 17 eyes with a clinical picture of fibrosis of the vitreous without retinal detachment (10 eyes) and retinal detachment without pronounced fibrosis of the vitreous (7 eyes). The comparison group included 25 eyes which had retinal detachment and fibrosis of the vitreous at the time of surgery. The visual acuity varied between incorrect light projection and 0.15 with correction.

Results. A stable anatomical and optical result was achieved in all cases. Complete adhesion of the detached retina was achieved in 94.1 %, which is explained by the fact that surgical treatment was in most cases performed in the absence of pronounced stages of proliferative vitreoretinopaty. In all cases of the main group, an increase in visual acuity was noted. In 53 % of cases, visual acuity achieved 0.1 to 0.3 and in the remaining 47 % it was 0.3 % or above. This can be accounted for by the prevalence of peripheral necrotic lesions, as well as a lower incidence of macular edema and optic neuropathy. However, in the comparison group, an increase in visual acuity was only observed in 56 % cases, with visual acuity reaching 0.1 or higher only in 24 % of the eyes. A high frequency (72 %) of necrosis expansion to the posterior eye pole with an irreversible damage to the optic nerve and the macular region was revealed.

Conclusion. Active dynamic observation of patients with ARN helps detect changes requiring surgical treatment, which leads to higher functional and anatomical outcomes, as well helps avoid the disability of the patients. Surgical treatment prior to the formation of retinal detachment in severe traction syndrome with or without retinal tears is advisable. An algorithm was proposed for managing surgical patients, depending on the clinical manifestations of ARN effects.
Angiogenic properties of catecholamines from the viewpoint of the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Katargina L. A. , Khoroshilova-Maslova I. P. , Bondarenko N. S. , Nikishina J. O. , Murtazina A. R. , Maybogin A. M. , Osipova N. A. , Panova A. Yu. , Sudovskaya T. V. , Ugryumov M. V.
Published: December 2018

Purpose: to assess the level of catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine in rat retina with experimental retinopathy of prematurity (EROP) at a time corresponding to the peak of neovascularization.

Material and methods. The study was performed on 41 infant Wistar rats (82 eyes). The rats were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group (with EROP, n = 21) and the control group (n = 20). In order to reproduce the EROP, the newborn rats were placed for 14 days in the incubator together with their mother. Every 12 hours, the oxygen concentration in the incubator ranged from 60 to 15 %. The control group consisted of pups who were held in conditions with a normal oxygen content (21 %) from the moment of birth. The pups were withdrawn from the experiment on the 10th, 14th, 23rd and 28th day, whereupon they were subjected to binocular enucleation followed by histological examination, in addition, the content of noradrenaline and one of the metabolites of dopamine (L-DOPA) was determined in retinal samples of the eyeballs obtained on the 23rd day by highly effective liquid chromatography technique with electrochemical detection.

Results. Histological examination showed that in our EROP model the neovascularization peak occurs on the 23rd day of the experiment. At this time rat pups with EROP showed a significantly lower retinal L-DOPA level as compared to the control values (13.99 ng/g and 30.5 ng/g, respectively), and the norepinephrine level significantly exceeded such values (63.7 ng/g and 7.69 ng/g, respectively).

Conclusion. A relative deficiency of dopamine and a relative excess of norepinephrine of the rat pups with EROP is noted at the time of the highest vascular activity of the retina. The obtained data confirm anti-angiogenic properties of dopamine and pro-angiogenic properties of noradrenaline in the second phase of EROP development.
An experimental study of drainage properties of fibrillar-structured materials for glaucoma surgery
Authors: Khodzhaev N. S. , Kolomeytsev M. N.
Published: December 2018

Purpose: to study the drainage properties of fibrillar-structured materials under conditions of hydrodynamics which are maximally close to physiological conditions, using the results of a bench experiment.

Material and methods. Drainage properties of fibrillary-structured materials have been studied in several bench experiments using an original device that creates conditions of eye hydrodynamics maximally close to physiological conditions. The studied materials were produced by the method of electrospinning, vacuumized and sterilized. The effect of drainage structure density and drainage type (polylactide, copolymer of polylactide and caprolactone, polycaprolactone) on the drainage capacity were evaluated, as well as the stability of their drainage properties.

Results. The research revealed considerable drainage properties of all investigated objects. The study of various drainages showed a statistically significant effect of the density of the internal structure and type on the drainage capacity. Also, a nonlinear increase in the filtering capacity with a regular increase in perfusion pressure was revealed. This phenomenon, regarded as adaptive hydrodynamic properties, in addition to reducing the level of the intraocular pressure (IOP), can contribute to smoothing of diurnal fluctuations, thereby enabling the stabilization of visual functions. In the experiment, the optimal structure was determined, which corresponds to the conditions of physiological hydrodynamics of the eye and ensuring the maintenance of intraocular pressure in the low-norm region. Fibrillar structured drains made of polylactide and its copolymer with polycaprolactone with a porosity of 78–84 %, an average fiber diameter of 5–5.7 μm and a pore size of 25.8–29 μm optimally correspond to hydrodynamic conditions maximally close to physiological conditions.

Conclusion. Fibrillar-structured materials have significant drainage properties depending on the density of the internal structure and the type of drainage due to threshold activation of additional pores create the conditions, close to the physiological ones, for the regulation of the IOP, and ensure the persistence of visual functions after operations.
The efficiency of monotherapy of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with Bimatoprost 0.03 % (Bimoptic)
Authors: Korotkikh S. A. , Zhiborkin G. V. , Knyazeva E. S. , Rusakova L. V.
Published: December 2018

Purpose: to evaluate the hypotensive effect and adverse reactions occurrence in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) who received Bimatoprost (Bimoptic Rompharm) monotherapy.

Materials and methods. 46 patients (75 eyes) with stage I–III POAG were prescribed bimatoprost therapy. Of these, 16 patients (20 eyes) had newly diagnosed glaucoma, 15 patients (27 eyes) previously received treatment with prostaglandin analogs (APG — Latanoprost), and 15 patients (28 eyes) previously received treatment with a fixed combination (FC) composed of timolol B-blocker and brinzolamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. The reason for transferring the patient from therapy with APG and FC to monotherapy with Bimatoprost was insufficient hypotensive effect of APG/FC therapy, and the presence of dry eye syndrome of varying severity in most patients. The results were evaluated after 1, 4 and 12 weeks of Bimatoprost therapy.

Results. A hypotensive effect of monotherapy with Bimatoprost was confirmed in patients with newly diagnosed POAG. An additional hypotensive effect was revealed when patients with POAG were transferred from APG and FC therapy to monotherapy with Bimatoprost. Adverse reactions: mild and moderate hyperaemia, periorbital manifestations such as skin pigmentation, deepening of upper eyelid folds, narrowing of the palpebral fissure (ptosis) were noted, respectively, in 8, 6.7, 1.3, 2.7, 2.7 % of cases respectively, but did not require a discontinuation of the therapy in any patient. Eyelash growth was noted by 3 patients (4 %). This effect was not considered to be a side effect, since none of the patients bothered. In 47 % of patients who had previously received APG and FC therapy and had dry eye syndrome of varying severity, objective and subjective positive changes relating to dry eye syndrome was noted. A positive dynamic of morphometric parameters of the optic nerve and cells of the retinal ganglion complex was revealed in patients of all groups of study.

Conclusion. Monotherapy with Bimatoprost can be recommended as therapy of choice for patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma, and those previously receiving antihypertensive therapy with PGAs or fixed combinations (-blocker + carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) including those having dry eye  syndrome of varying severity.
Experiences of using Aflibercept in diabetic macular edema treatment: data from routine clinical practice
Authors: Santoro E. Yu.
Published: December 2018

Purpose. To assess the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal aflibercept injections in clinically significant diabetic macular edema (DME) in a routine clinical practice.

Material and methods. This was a prospective, observational, single-center study. During the study, anti-VEGF treatment naïve patients with clinically significant DME received five monthly intravitreal injections of aflibercept 2 mg followed by bimonthly injections. The observation period was 1 year.

Results. The study included 11 eyes of 10 patients with clinically significant DME. Use of 8 intravitreal aflibercept injections resulted in central retinal thickness (CRT) reduction by 50 % from the baseline within 1 year of therapy. CRT decreased on average from 446.18 ± 106.88 μm to 226.27 ± 44.56 μm by the end of observational period. In addition, an increase in visual acuity was observed from an average from 0.33 ± 0.22 at the start of therapy to 0.62 ± 0.33 at the end of the observation. Serious adverse events over the entire period of treatment were not observed.

Conclusion. Aflibercept showed high efficacy and safety in the treatment of clinically significant DME in routine clinical practice. To obtain optimal functional and morphological results in the treatment of patients with DME, it is necessary to start therapy with 5 loading intravitreal aflibercept injections.
Dry eye treatment optimization in patients prior to refractive surgery
Authors: Sakhnov S. N. , Yanchenko S. V. , Malyshev A. V. , Blyagoz Z. M. , Klimenova G. A.
Published: December 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of dry eye syndrome (DES) treatment in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) before refractive surgery.

Materials and methods. We examined 48 women (aged 29.6 ± 3.9 years) with myopia, DES, and MGD of noninfectious etiology before performing LASIK. Group 1 of these patients received presurgical correction of DES for 2 months, including instillation of 3 % trehalose as a bioprotector (Thealoz®; 3–4 times a day); application of 5 % dexpanthenol in the conjunctival cavity (before going to bed); eyelid hygiene (2 times per day), which included cleaning (Theagel®), warm compresses on eyelid area, massage of eyelid margin (Blephaclean wipes). Group 2 only received bioprotective and reparative therapy for 2 months. Testing included a standard ophthalmological examination; assessment of DES symptoms (OSDI scale, points); BUT test (sec) and Schirmer-1 test (Sh-1, mm); measuring the height of the lower tear meniscus (optical coherence tomography, μm); lissamine green staining with calculation of xerosis index by Bijsterveld (points); assessment of MGD severity (points). Processing of the results included calculation of M ± s; Wilcoxon t-test, Mann Whitney U-test.

Results. A positive change of OSDI (decrease from 31.9 ± 2.9 to 8.71 ± 1.1 points), xerosis index (decrease from 4.71 ± 0.5 to 2.1 ± 0.3 points) and BUT test (increase from 4.14 ± 0.53 to 8.66 ± 0.93 sec) was significantly stronger in patients of group 1 (p < 0.05) in comparison with patients of group 2 (decrease in OSDI from 33.2 ± 3.1 to 15.6 ± 2.4 points; decrease of xerosis index from 4.75 ± 0.50 to 3.7 ± 0.5 points; BUT increase from 4.21 ± 0.47 to 6.05 ± 0.73 sec). Apparently, this was caused by a significant decrease in the severity of MGD (from 2.1 ± 0.3 to 0.9 ± 0.2 points) and a decrease in the severity of lipid deficiency due to eyelid hygiene in patients of group 1. In group 2, MGD severity change proved unreliable. Change of Sh-1 and the height of the lower tear meniscus was unreliable in all cases. 

Conclusion. The inclusion of eyelid hygiene (Theagel and Blephaclean) in the pre-surgery preparation of patients with DES and MGD leads to a more significant correction of eye surface condition compared to isolated bioprotective and reparative therapy, thus providing an opportunity of more favorable conditions for carrying out surgical correction of ametropia.
Treatment and prevention of intraocular pressure increase after ophthalmic surgeries
Authors: Antonov A. A. , Kozlova I. V. , Kosova D. V.
Published: December 2018

The literary review is focused on reactive hypertension after eye surgeries. Possible causes of increased intraocular pressure are described. Methods of therapy and prevention of reactive hypertension after cataract phacoemulsification and intravitreal injections are analyzed. Literary data show an emphasis on the efficacy and safety of applying a fixed combination of brimonidine and timolol.
Su Kıtlığına Maruz Bırakılmış C3 ve C4 Bitkilerinin Fotosentetik Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Arslan Özlem
Published: December 2018

Su kıtlığı koşulları, tarımsal alanların kullanılabilirliğini azaltmakta ve tarımsal ürünlerde verim kayıplarınaneden olmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, tüm dünyada tarımsal üretim için önemli bir problem olan su kıtlığınınbuğday (Triticum aestivum L.) ve mısır (Zea mays L.) bitkileri üzerindeki etkisini fotosentetik açıdan incelemektir.Buğday ve mısır bitkileri fotosentezi iki farklı metabolik yolla gerçekleştirdiğinden, su kıtlığında C3 ve C4bitkilerinin fizyolojik ve metabolik davranışları arasındaki farklar gerçek su içeriği, lipid peroksidasyonu, klorofila fluoresansı, fotosentetik pigment içeriği, RuBisCo aktivitesi ve toplam çözünür şeker içeriği parametrelerinceortaya konulmaktadır. Bu amaçla C3 bitkisi olan buğday ve C4 bitkisi olan mısır bitkilerine ait iki çeşit (Geliboluve Ada-9516, sırasıyla) 8 gün boyunca kontrollü iklim kabininde 25°C’de, % 40-50 nemde, 16 saat ışık/ 8 saatkaranlık fotoperiyodunda, 250 µmol m-2s-1 ışık yoğunluğunda ½ kuvvet Hoagland çözeltisi kullanılarak perlitortamında büyütülmüşlerdir. Ardından stres grupları 7 gün boyunca -0.6 MPa PEG 6000 çözeltisi ile sulanmış vesu kıtlığı koşulları oluşturulmuştur. Su kıtlığı incelenen tüm parametrelerce tahılları olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir.Tüm çeşitlerin su içerikleri azalmış, zar hasarları artmış, fotosentetik aktiviteler azalmıştır. Bununla beraber,toplam çözünür şeker oranındaki artış su kıtlığına karşı koruyucu bir mekanizma olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Buaraştırma sonucunda mısırın buğday bitkisine göre tüm parametrelerce su kıtlığı koşullarına daha dayanıklı olduğubelirlenmiştir.
Soft k-Uni Ideals of Semirings and its Algebraic Applications
Authors: ÇITAK Filiz
Published: December 2018

In this paper, firstly, information about soft set introduced by Molodtsov is given. Then, the operationson the soft set are introduced. After then a definition of soft uni-k-ideal of a semiring by using the union operationof sets is given. Finally, some algebraic applications by using soft uni-k-ideal are investigated.
Koruma-Kentleşme Döngüsünde Zamana Bir Yolculuk: Fethiye-Göcek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi Örneği
Authors: ARDAHANLIOĞLU Zeynep Rabiye , BULUT Yahya
Published: December 2018

Son yıllarda yaşanan sosyo ekonomik gelişmelerle birlikte kent hayatı daha önemli hale gelmiştir.Kentleşme hareketlerinin doğal doku üzerinde meydana getirdiği tahribat ve baskılar zaman zaman istenmeyen vegeri dönüşü mümkün olmayan sonuçlara sebep olmaktadır. Günümüzde korunan alanlarda bu durumdan nasibinialmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bir koruma bölgesi olan Fethiye-Göcek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi’nde yaşanankentleşmenin etkileri eski fotoğraflar ve röportajlar üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında temin edileneski fotoğraflarla kentleşme hareketlerinin nasıl şekillendiği görsel olarak ortaya konmuş ve yapılan röportajlardabu değişimlerin etkileri belirlenmiştir. Bir koruma alanı olan bölgede koruma-kullanma dengesinin sağlanması vekoruma statüsünün devamının sağlanması için yapılacak imar planları ekolojik temele dayandırılmalıdır.
Güneş Enerji Santralleri İçin Uygunluk Haritasının Elde Edilmesi: Bir Uygulama
Authors: EROĞLU Hasan
Published: December 2018

Günümüzde güneş enerjisi, hayatımızın en önemli ve kaçınılmaz bir parçası haline gelen yenilenebilirenerji kaynaklarından (YEK) biridir. Her geçen gün dünya üzerindeki güneş enerji santrali (GES) sayısı katlanarakartmaktadır. Uygulama sayısı artan bu santrallerin çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan en uygun yer tayinlerininyapılması oldukça büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bazı durumlarda santral kurulum yerini etkileyen bir önemli kriterinbile göz ardı edilmesi oldukça büyük zararlara neden olabilmektedir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, literatürdeki çalışmalarda eksikliği tespit edilen ve GES kurulumunu etkileyen kriterlerinönerilmesi, GES kurulumunu etkileyen tüm kriterlerin birbirlerine göre önem derecelendirme değerlerininbulunması ve kriterlere ait örnek bir çalışma alanında coğrafi veriler yardımıyla GES için uygunluk haritasının eldeedilmesidir. Kriterlerin ağırlık değerlerinin bulunmasında Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi (FAHP), verilerinişlenmesinde de coğrafi bilgi sistemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla 14 ana kriter ve bu kriterlere ait 70 alt kriterkonuyla ilgili uzman görüşleri, anketler ve literatürdeki çalışmalardan yararlanılarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanınsonunda, çalışma alanında GES’ler için en uygun, uygun ve izin verilmeyen yerlerin gösterildiği uygunluk haritasıelde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, GES’lerin yer tespitinde daha doğru, çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal GES santralikurulumunu netice veren geniş yelpazedeki kriterlerle araştırmacılara faydalı olacaktır.