bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de la disfunción tiroidea en la población adulta mayor de la consulta externa del hospital de San José
Authors: Chaves santiago Walter gabriel
Published: September 2019

El metabolismo y función de la hormona tiroidea se modifica con el envejecimiento. Los rangos de referencia para las hormonas tiroideas, derivan de poblaciones más jóvenes. Con estos rangos, la prevalencia de la disfunción tiroidea subclínica es mayor en los ancianos. Existe controversia en el tratamiento de adultos mayores con enfermedad subclínica. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la prevalencia de disfunción tiroidea en adultos mayores de la consulta externa de medicina interna en un periodo de tres meses. MATERIALES Y METODOS Estudio de corte transversal realizado en un hospital Universitario. Participaron pacientes de 60 años o más. A todos se les diligenció un cuestionario que incluye el índice de Wayne y el puntaje de Zulewski. Se solicitaron los niveles de TSH y T4 libre. Posteriormente, se contactó telefónicamente a cada paciente para registrar los resultados. Se consideraron los puntos de corte para diagnóstico propuestos por el Task Force. 2015. RESULTADOS: Ingresaron 93 personas, 57% mujeres. La prevalencia global de la disfunción tiroidea fue del 47%, 12% tenían hipotiroidismo. Se encontraron dos casos de hipertiroidismo subclínico, ninguno de hipertiroidismo manifiesto. El 32% recibían suplencia hormonal con levotiroxina. El 66% de los pacientes que recibían suplencia no estaban controlados. El acuerdo más allá del azar entre las escalas clínicas y el diagnóstico a partir de laboratorios fue nulo. CONCLUSIÓN: Es alta la prevalencia de disfunción tiroidea, se requieren más estudios con estandarización en las herramientas diagnósticas, para definir puntos de corte de diagnóstico y tratamiento en estos pacientes.
Síndrome de Boerhaave
Authors: Hernández-Somerson Mario Andrés , Ortegate Sánchez Laura Catalina
Published: September 2019

Una mujer de 58 años, ingresa a urgencias por presentar dolor pleurítico en hemitorax izquierdo, de fuerte intensidad, irradiada a dorso, asociado a tos seca y disnea progresiva. No tiene antecedentes de importancia. Al ingreso con tensión arterial: 80/46, frecuencia cardíaca 112 por minuto, frecuencia respiratoria: 22 por minuto y temperatura: 39 grados. Al examen físico: disminución del murmullo vesicular basal izquierdo con estertores y llenado capilar prolongado. Se toman laboratorios que muestran leucocitosis, neutrofilia y elevación de azoados. Se solicita radiografía de tórax que muestra consolidación basal izquierda y enfisema subcutáneo en cuello. Es trasladada a unidad de cuidados intensivos con choque séptico de origen pulmonar.. Al re-interrogar a la paciente refiere episodio de atoramiento alimentario previo al inicio del cuadro, acompañado de múltiples episodios eméticos. Se sospecha síndrome de Boerhaave (perforación esofágica espontánea) y mediastinitis aguda, obteniéndose esofagograma que evidencia hallazgos compatibles con perforación esofágica distal (Figura 1) y tomografía de tórax que muestra neumomediastino y derrame pleural con consolidación basal izquierda (Figura 2), por lo cual, se instaura vancomicina y piperacilina tazobactam. Es llevada a cirugía, donde encuentran perforación de esófago torácico (figura 3), con mediastinitis, pericarditis y pleuritis izquierda. No fue posible cirugía definitiva ante la inestabilidad de la paciente, únicamente se realizan drenaje de material purulento mediastinal, pleural, pericárdico y colocación de tubo en mediastino y tórax. A las 24 horas se realiza esofaguectomía media y distal con esofagostomia proximal cervical. Evoluciona tórpidamente, se documenta bacteriemia por Serratia marcescens resistente, se indica meropenem. Luego de múltiples lavados mediastinales, ventilación mecánica prolongada y 45 días en unidad de cuidados intensivos, progresa a falla orgánica múltiple y fallece.
Aportes para el abordaje interdisciplinar de la adherencia al tratamiento
Authors: Vargas Olano Marco Orlando , Herrera Carolina , Rocha Lilia
Published: September 2019

La poca adherencia a los tratamientos es un problema global que ha sido de interés sobre todo para la medicina, la enfermería y la psicología. En este artículo se presenta la adherencia a los tratamientos de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como una conducta compleja dependiente de muchos factores. La misma consiste en mantener unas tareas a lo largo del tiempo con el propósito de alcanzar unas metas. Se propone que capacidades individuales estudiadas por la psicología como la autorregulación, el autocontrol y la auto eficacia son la base de la conducta adherente y se explica como los profesionales de la salud pueden fortalecerla e incrementarla en los pacientes mediante un trabajo interdisciplinar.
Sobre el mal de los ardientes o del Fuego de San Antonio
Authors: Ramírez Quintero Juan David
Published: September 2019

El ergotismo es el resultado de la intoxicación con alcaloides derivados del ergot. Durante la edad media y hasta el siglo XIX fue el responsable de grandes epidemias en Europa por el consumo de granos contaminados con el cornezuelo del centeno provocando manifestaciones isquémicas características y afección del sistema nervioso. El ergotismo como se conoció en el Medioevo ha desaparecido, pero aún hoy en día se reportan casos en el marco de uso terapéutico de ergotamínicos. Se pretenden describir algunos de sus aspectos históricos y clínicos distintivos.
Państwo prawa na gruncie filozofii politycznej Immanuela Kanta – dwie interpretacje
Authors: Wieczorkowski Michał
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this article is to discuss Kant’s concept of juridical state as the foundation of the contemporary rule of law. Therefore, the article tries to answer two questions: (1) what character can be attributed to Kant’s concept of juridical state taking into account the obligations arising from it; (2) can the analysis of the Kantian juridical state have any impact on the contemporary understanding of the rule of law and if so, what can this impact be. In order to accomplish this task, moral presuppositions of Kant’s juridical state are discussed, according to the commonly accepted view that Kant’s political philosophy is closely linked with his moral and ethical reflection. Then, two interpretations of Kant’s juridical state – the liberal one and the authoritarian one – are analysed. The crucial difference between these interpretations lies in establishing the circumstances in which the duty of obedience to state power should be carried out. Then, Kantian juridical state is compared with two ways of understanding the rule of law – the material one and the formal one – in order to evaluate whether the rule of law should be considered as continuity of or rupture with the Kantian concept.
Stan wyjątkowy i stan bez nazwy w myśli Carla Schmitta. Propozycja rozdzielenia
Authors: Engelking Wojciech
Published: September 2019

The concept of a state of emergency is one of the most frequently cited elements of the thought of the German philosopher of the law and political theorist Carl Schmitt. In its discussions, however, the conceptualization of the state of emergency, which Schmitt proposed in 1924 in his juridical comments on Article 48 of the Weimar Republic’s constitution, is often linked with the theory of Ausnahmezustand from Political Theology (1922). Such a juxtaposition is a mistake, because Schmitt was not a consistent thinker and his texts can be mutually contradictory. I propose, therefore, to separate the state of emergency from Ausnahmezustand – translated from German literally as a state without a name. The main difference between them consists in the different types of legitimacy. The state of emergency from the Constitution of the Weimar Republic finds its legitimacy in this document from 1919, however, read by Schmitt in a way that in his Constitutional Theory (1928) he referred to as relativization of the constitution. For the state without a name, as not being included in the legal order and the equivalent of a miracle in theology, such legitimacy is impossible. In order to find it, one must refer to other Schmitt’s works than the strictly judicial ones. I believe that the state without a name may be legally valid – in a word: not a coup d’état – if we acknowledge that Schmitt’s political theology is not just a methodological project that translates theological notions into political and legal ones, but a wider proposal rooted in the faith in Revelation. Therefore, this figure from the work of the German thinker in which the state of emergency finds its legitimacy is taken from St. Paul’s letters; it is the figure of a katechon: the one who comes and stops the world from disintegration. The use of such legitimacy emphasizes the reluctance to accept modernity, which Schmitt did exhibit, and presents him as a thinker who continued the medieval way of thinking, which is completely incompatible with the strictly modern concept of a state of emergency.
Prawo – osoba – śmierć. Część II: Teoria Daniela Sperlinga a polski system prawny
Authors: Hau Maksymilian , Jędrczak Stanisław
Published: September 2019

This article is divided into two parts. In the first part, which was published in 2018, we presented arguments in support of the concept of posthumous interests. Posthumous interests are understood as events that constitute a benefit or a harm to the deceased person, who no longer exists. A right is the interest of a person, which is recognized and protected by law. In the second part, we examine the possibility of applying the theory of posthumous interests in the Polish legal system. We address the following issues: medical confidentiality, protection of medical data after the death of a patient, author’s moral rights, protection of the memory of the deceased, the law on orders and decorations, and the legal status of human corpses. The theoretical background for this article was the book by Daniel Sperling Posthumous Interest, in which the author outlined the problem in point from the perspective of the common law regime.
Materiały legislacyjne w świetle prawa, praktyki orzeczniczej i poglądów doktryny z perspektywy polskiej i hiszpańskiej
Authors: Konca Paulina
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the paper is to present a comparative analysis of the use of legislative materials in the process of statutory interpretation in Poland and Spain, by referring to statutes, theoretical literature and case law. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part shows that in difficult cases, when the text is not clear enough as an evidence of the legislator’s intention, other evidence should be sought, including the legislative materials. The second part delivers an analysis of the term ‘legislative materials’, followed by a study of particular examples of legislative materials, including bills and their justifications. It focuses especially on the issue of the Spanish exposiciones de motivos. Moreover, there is a reference to interpretative guidance contained in the legal regulations and to the ways in which legislative materials are used in case law. The third part of the paper responds, on the basis of Polish and Spanish theoretical literature, to some of the objections against the use of legislative materials, underlining its importance for the interpreting the law.
Stosowanie przepisów o służebności przesyłu jako przykład prawa „stanu wyjątkowego”
Authors: Barut Arkadiusz
Published: September 2019

The subject of the article is an analysis of civil courts’ case law in terms formulated by Giorgio Agamben and Judith Butler, that is, in terms of law as a ‘state of exception’, a purely arbitrary practice that appears to be a parody of law. The author indicates aspects of such ‘law’: the blurring of the boundaries between the law and purely factual activities (in Agamben’s terminology: ‘life’), which may take the form of violence that no longer cares for its legitimacy or which reduces the law to ‘pure form’, that is, the creation and application of rules completely in abstract from their ethical evaluation and social consequences. In Foucault’s terminology, both these processes can be represented as a rebirth of sovereignty in the field of governmentality, the parody of the law being justified by the needs of population management, but in reality it is the result of a power’s strive for self-preservation. There are, as Butler defines, petty sovereigns who allegedly only quasi-technically apply the law articulated in full in the statute, and in fact act fully arbitrarily. One of their methods is to simulate the creation or application of law by taking away a particular meaning from words, in particular from legal concepts. The result is a departure from the idea of separation of powers and the postulate of empowerment of the addressee of legal norms, sometimes preserving the fiction of the latter’s agency as a kind of Agamben’s ‘pure form of law’. The author states that an example of such a process is the case law of the Polish Supreme Court and general courts regarding the possibility of acquisitive prescription of transmission easement by transmission companies. He indicates that the position that won in this case law completely deviates from the contents of the statute and the well-established understanding of civil law concepts, with the result of depriving property owners of their legal rights.
Polskie prawo karne wobec problemów etycznych związanych z transplantologią
Authors: Sitarz Olga
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this publication is to systematize the present ethical problems relating to transplantation and to confront them with penal legislation, from which norms prohibiting certain types of conduct with regard to transplantations may be derived. The starting point for the analysis is a consideration of the fundamental ethical values required both in the treatment process as such and in transplantation in particular (principle of respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, benevolence, and justice). Therefore, the problem of admissibility of transplantology as such must be touched upon, along with its tenets and preconditions and, most importantly, with commercialization of the organs intended for transplantation. In the Polish legal system, transplantation is regulated by the 2005 Act on the Removal, Storage and Transplantation of Cells, Tissues and Organs. The Act is a specific Polish response to the doubts and dilemmas relating to transplantation. In this context, special significance attaches to the penal provisions which impose liability for transplantation-related crimes. It is noteworthy that criminalization of paid activities relating to transplantation has a rather complex and specific history. It follows from the evolving evaluation of the social harmfulness of prohibited acts, which in itself gives rise to certain controversies. There are also doubts as regards the object of protection of some crime definitions and the scope of criminalization.
Ewolucja teorii rozumowania prawniczego Neila MacCormicka
Authors: Sopiński Michał
Published: September 2019

This paper traces, examines, and demonstrates Neil MacCormick’s theory of legal reasoning and its evolution. MacCormick’s views were shaped gradually so his theory could be divided into two main stages. Therefore, the use of the diachronic approach is justified. The aim of this paper is to analyse the difference between the theses of the theory of legal reasoning explained in Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory (1978) and general revisions to this theory marked in Rhetoric and the Rule of Law (2005). According to the author, the most important change in MacCormick’s theory of legal reasoning is an examination of the role of deductive reasoning in the process of judicial reasoning. This change leads to an extension of the logical aspects of MacCormick’s theory of legal reasoning (legal syllogism) to include rhetorical aspects (argumentative character of law) and ethical aspects (the idea of the rule of law). The evolution of the MacCormick’s theory of legal reasoning seems to be a model example of the changes in contemporary philosophy of law.
Trzy źródła juryscentryzmu – filozofia prawa Artura Kozaka
Authors: Staśkiewicz Karol
Published: September 2019

The main aim of this article is to reconstruct the theoretical project of the Polish legal philosopher Artur Kozak, while focusing on its core philosophical and sociological assumptions. In his writings A. Kozak laid the foundations for a unique philosophical standpoint called juriscentrism. Despite the sudden death of A. Kozak in 2009, with his flagship project left incomplete, juriscentrism still possesses great potential, mainly because of its innovative reception of Hans Lenk’s interpretationism, Herbert L.A. Hart’s internal point of view concept, and Peter Berger’s and Thomas Luckmann’s sociological theory. In the first section of this article I provide a general reconstruction of A. Kozak’s project, in accordance to his intentions which were laid down in his text entitled The Limits of Judicial Discretion (juriscentrism as a cultural fact and an ethical postulate), and afterwards, in the second section, I analyse the three important sources of this project to show what distinguishes juriscentrism from other concepts in the Polish legal theory and philosophy.
Prawo jako narzędzie inżynierii społecznej w filozofii prawa Roscoe Pounda
Authors: Szpojankowski Aleksander Olaf
Published: September 2019

The article discusses the subject of Roscoe Pound’s sociological jurisprudence with particular emphasis on the concept of social engineering, as well as the use of law as a tool through which the assumptions of this concept are implemented. The article also presents the key concepts of social engineering, specifically the theory of social interests, defined by R. Pound, and the theory of social development stages, which theories form the basis which enables the assumptions of social engineering to be implemented. The article also presents the sources of inspiration that R. Pound was guided by in the process of developing his theories. The concept of social engineering is compared to the theories of Leon Petrażycki, Alf Ross, and Karl Popper. The benefits and threats of social engineering are also indicated. The conclusions touch upon the subject of the topicality of R. Pound’s philosophy in the context of contemporary democracy and the potential threats to civil liberties that could flow from the implementation of the assumptions of R. Pound’s philosophy.
Professional Survival in Teaching English in Indonesia
Authors: Prijambodo V. Luluk
Published: September 2019

Teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) in Indonesia offers not only challenges but also reward. Some teachers perceive the challenges as the professional consequences for their determination to be English teachers. Such a perception leads them to the enjoyment and optimism toward their sustainable professional development or career escalation. Some others consider the challenges as such a heavy burden of life that they feel unmotivated to elevate their professional development. In this era of education standardization, teachers are faced with two dichotomous options: satisfying the standard optimally in order to deserve the professional rewards or benefits or just fulfilling it minimally and accordingly miss the career advancement and the professional reward. This paper shares the ideas of what English teachers need to do to survive professionally in their English teaching and gain the professional benefits offered.
The Implementation of Autonomous Learning in English Pronunciation of Guidance and Counseling Departmentâ€™s Students
Authors: Maslakhatin Maslakhatin , Lianawati Ayong
Published: September 2019

Most Indonesian students have difficulties in learning English pronunciation. Autonomous learning can be as an alternative strategy to help the students in learning pronunciation independently by utilizing Breakingnewsenglish.com. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of autonomous learning in learning pronunciation, the studentsâ€™ response toward autonomous learning, and the impact of autonomous learning on the studentsâ€™ pronunciation achievement. This study used descriptive qualitative method and the subject was Guidance and Counseling department students. The data was collected by observation, field notes, documentation, voice recording, and questionnaire. The result revealed that autonomous learning could be as an alternative strategy in learning pronunciation because the pronunciation performance of the students was significantly increased on the last meeting. They looked more enthusiastic in learning pronunciation autonomously.
Culture in Cover and Unitsâ€™ Covers of Senior High School First Grade Course Book of Curriculum
Authors: Indah Dewi Rosari
Published: September 2019

Language in any forms, including pictures, conveys massage. Pictures and images carry culture within that reflect attitudes and social life in the world any specific language spoken. Learning English should also be learning its culture to get a better picture of it. One of the sources in learning English is a course book. This article was aimed at finding out what elements that were presented in a senior high school course book of a second grade because of the focus is assumed to be on the lessons in Indonesia. This article report used content analysis as a framework to analyze the culture presented in pictures. It was found that the pictures were well representatives of an English speaking countryâ€™s culture. The pictures shared the activities, the seasons, the habit, and the way they dress, behave, and speak that in some ways were different that of Indonesia. The pictures also gave information on different values between Indonesia and English speaking countries
Teacherâ€™s Perspectives of Creating Storybooks for Primary students
Authors: Andanty Ferra Dian
Published: September 2019

Storybooks are important materials for teachers in assisting pupils during the teaching learning process in the classroom especially for the young learners because it gives a motivating and meaningful context for language learning. Nowadays, teachers have to be creative and innovative in creating their own storybooks for the teaching learning process. The project of making storybooks had been given to the undergraduate students of 8th semester (2010) at English Language Department, University of PGRI Adi Buana during TEYL (Teaching English to Young Learners) class. Through the results of storybooks project, this research was intended to know whether the undergraduate studentsâ€™ storybooks met the criteria of a good storybook or not. The authors obtained the data from the questionnaires that distributed to ten English teachers in some elementary schools in Surabaya. The result of this research showed that 75% of studentsâ€™ storybooks met the criteria of good storybooks, such as the content is suitable for age level, interesting, memorable, attractive, and easily to understand by children. The result of creating a storybook hopefully will support and help teachers in the teaching learning process in class.
Employing â€œEnderâ€™s Gameâ€ Movie as an Aid in Character Education in EFL Classroom
Authors: Kuswidyasari Ratih
Published: September 2019

21st century education appears due to the concerns related to the difficulties and challenges faced by people around the world caused by the advanced technology. Educators feel the necessity to design curriculum which prepares the students to face the rapidly changing world. One of the four dimensions in 21st century education is character education, whose purpose is similar to the purpose of education since the very beginning which is developing students to become outstanding personalities. This article focuses character education through ELT by employing a movie titled â€œEnderâ€™s Gameâ€ with the intention of attracting the students to actively participate in learning activities. The whole film approach is used to design the classroom activities relevant to the lesson objectives. The students are expected to cultivate their critical thinking, and to gain language competence focusing in speaking skill, as well as to instill character education within them. The lesson is intended for tenth grade students for the reason that the movie is appropriate for the students that age.
Understanding Teaching Method Used in EFL Classroom: Studentsâ€™ and Teachersâ€™ Perspective
Authors: Rifai Irfan , Nabhan Salim
Published: September 2019

This study is focused on getting an understanding of the students and teachers perceptions of teaching methods use in EFL classroom. More importantly, this research is aimed at bringing to light how students and teachers in the higher education English language classroom help provide new meanings of how different methods are used in the classrooms. To make sense of their perceptions of teaching methods, we focus on four individual narrative interviews, classroom observations and two focus group discussions. The data findings show that a particular teaching method, such as studentsâ€™ presentation, based on the studentsâ€™ view, is due to that lecturers are not quite confident to speak in front of the classroom. The students assert that the lecturers seem are not quite well prepared to teach, so that the students are asked to make presentation in front of the classroom. This, based on the studentsâ€™ view is about spending much time for the students to speak rather than their lecturersâ€™ do. In addition, the data findings illustrate that the traditional methods used in the classroom such as classroom presentation and group discussion are needed to be modified by considering the employment of technology to mediate the acquisition of 21st century skills. In addition, the findings suggest that the lecturersâ€™ experience during their careers and study deeply influence the way they conduct teaching methods in the classroom. Moreover, the data findings indicate that identity and the self- image are prevalent in shaping the teaching methods the lecturers are used in the classroom. This study indicates that students and lecturers have different view point with regards to the teaching methods use in the higher education language classroom. It is suggested, therefore, that the use of teaching methods in the classroom should ideally involve the studentsâ€™ view point to generate more effective and future goals oriented.
Narrating Literacy Practices at an Urban Secondary School in Surabaya
Authors: Susanto Fajar , Rifai Irfan
Published: September 2019

This study is aimed at narrating the implementation of literacy programme at an urban secondary school in Surabaya, focusing of how the school integrates and accommodates the concept of multilingualism (Java, Indonesian Language, English, French, and Japan) on its creative application and how the integration and accommodation of multilingual literacy is carried out on the day-to-day literacy practices. Drawing on qualitative data analysis gathered mainly through semi structured interviews with four teachers and two students and observations, the research findings suggest that school literacy programme is not only aimed at socializing and habituating the literacy culture within the school, but literacy programme facilitates spaces to accommodate the studentsâ€™ creativity in the literacy practices through their participation, involvement and engagement in designing, managing and disseminating the school programme. It can be argued, therefore, that the literacy programme at the school transcends the expectations of the school in which the initial thought and expectation are only within the boundary of socializing and habituating the literacy culture within the school, but it transforms into more advance creative spaces for the students to learn languages and gain 21 century skills.
The Effect of Flipped Classroom toward Studentsâ€™ Achievement in Teaching Reading
Authors: Kurniawan Erwin Hari , Wulandari Sri
Published: September 2019

Flipped Classroom is a teaching strategy that combines technology in traditional teaching which today is commonly called blended learning. The flipped classroom is an opposite of traditional instructional procedures and usually done in the classroom in traditional learning to be performed at home in the flipped classroom, and usually carried out at home as homework in traditional learning to be implemented in the classroom in the flipped classroom. This research is aimed to knowhow students reading achievement can be improved by the effect of flipped classroom. To design this research, Action Research was chosen. There are two cycles on this research. Each cycle covered four steps; those were planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The subject of this study was students in critical reading class consisting of 32 students. To gain the data, test, observation sheet, and interview were used. From the result analysis showed that the students reading achievement was improved by using flipped classroom. So, it was concluded that during the teaching and learning process students were more active and enthusiastic. They had good willingness in following reading class. In the last, it was recommended to use Flipped Classroom as the alternative strategy to teach reading.
The Use of Drill, Vocabulous (Vocabulary Various) and Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in Learning Vocabulary
Authors: Fauzia Nur , Lolita Yuri
Published: September 2019

This study investigates the effectiveness of three vocabulary learning methods that are Contextual Clues, Dictionary Strategy, and Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in learning vocabulary among ESL learners. First, it purposes at finding which of the vocabulary learning methods namely Vocabulous (Vocabulary Various), Drill and CALL that may result in the highest number of words learnt in the immediate and delayed recall tests. Second, it compares the results of the Preâ€test and the Delayed Recall Postâ€test to determine the differences of learning vocabulary using the methods. A quasiâ€experiment tested the effectiveness of learning vocabulary using Dictionary Strategy, Contextual clues, and CALL involved 40students. Qualitative procedures included the collection of data from interviews which were conducted to triangulate the data obtain from the quantitative inquiries. Findings from the study using ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences when students were exposed to Vocabulous, Drill and CALL in the immediate recall tests but not in the Delayed Recall Postâ€test. Also, there were significant differences when t test was used to compare the scores between the Preâ€test and the Delayed Recall Postâ€test in using the three methods of vocabulary learning. Although many researchers have advocated the relative effectiveness of Vocabulous, Drill, and CALL in learning vocabulary, the study however, is still paramount since there is no study has ever empirically investigated the relative efficacy of these three methods in a single study.
Developing English Teaching Materials for Young Learners
Authors: Hertiki Hertiki
Published: September 2019

Teaching material is needed in teaching-learning activities in the classroom. Without an appropriate material, a teacher might have difficulty in delivering the lesson, especially for children. TEYL (Teaching English to Young Learners) is a compulsory subject for the English Department students of Adi Buana University and this course is only offered for the final year students. To support TEYL course, undergraduates need to create English Teaching Materials that are useful for both teacher and students in school. Therefore, it is important to conduct this study in order to develop English teaching materials that meet the studentsâ€Ÿ need. The author concerns on the authentic teaching materials made by the undergraduates. The final product of English teaching materials for young learners are Letâ€Ÿs Count and Clip, Boggle, Noun Clipboard, What Time is It?, and Dominoes Card. All in all, these English teaching materials have been used in one of the private schools (BP school) to help children learn English. Based on the result, it can be concluded that Letâ€Ÿs Count and Clip as the most popular material among the children. It is quite attractive and appropriate to help grade three of primary school learn English.
Improving the Studentsâ€™ Reading Comprehension Achievement by Using Mapping Technique at Ilmu Al-Qurâ€™an and Tafsir (IAT1) IAIN Jember
Authors: Rojabi Ahmad Ridho
Published: September 2019

This research was aimed at improving the ability of the students of IAT-1 in reading comprehension achievement by implementing mapping technique. To achieve the purpose, the classroom action research design was employed by following four stages: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. This research was implemented in two cycles, in which both the first cycle and the second cycle were carried out in two meetings. Mapping as a teaching technique can help students visualize the basic shape of material, the main ideas and details about a topic, and how the topic, main ideas, and details are related each other in some sort of illustration (boxes, circles, connecting lines, diagram). The characteristics of mapping are; hierarchy, diagram, compare and contrast, timeline, processes or cycles. The result of the research revealed that mapping technique improved the studentsâ€Ÿ reading comprehension achievement of IAT-1 IAIN Jember.
EFL Learnersâ€™ Speaking Anxiety and English Speaking Ability
Authors: Handayani Yeni Rina , Ngadiman Agustinus
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between speaking anxiety and presentational English speaking ability. The subjects were the eleven graders of Senior High School in Surabaya. It consisted of 457 students whose age ranged between sixteen to seventeen years old. They came from social and science classes which were divided into seven science classes and five social classes. The result of the study revealed that there was a negative correlation between speaking anxiety and presentational English speaking ability. And there was also a negative correlation between speaking anxiety and each of speaking ability subskills.
The Effectiveness of Using Comic in Teaching Reading Narrative Text
Authors: Setyawan Farid Helmi
Published: September 2019

This study is focused on using comic as media in teaching reading at eight grade student of Junior High School in Ngawi. The problem in this study was the studentsâ€Ÿ motivation on reading especially on narrative text was low and their score in some test was average low. They still confused to understand the content of the story, it was proved by the score on their test was average low in reading questions, it was 65,7 and they could not retell the content of the story briefly. By using the comic in teaching learning, the students are helped to understand the contents of the story that they read. The method in this study used qualitative research in the term of case study. The subject of the study was eight grade students of junior high school. The number of participant was 60 students. The result of the study showed that the implementation of teaching reading by using comic as media give benefit to students, it showed from 48 of 60 students or 80% of the students agreed the use of comic as learning media. From the questionnaire result, the comic gives benefit in teaching reading to the studentsâ€Ÿ reading skills improvement. It revealed that 52 of 60 students or 87% of the students positively responded after the implementation activities yet only 13% of the students showed their uncertainty of its benefits. The use of comic can also be combined by other techniques in order to develop the understanding of material and make the students enjoy, interest, and enthusiasm during teaching learning process. Moreover, the result showed that comic helped students in understanding the content of the story.
Reciprocal Technique to Improve the Novice Learnersâ€™ Speaking Proficiency
Authors: Utama Yoga Alif Kurnia , Kurniawan Yohanes
Published: September 2019

Speaking proficiency becomes a priority in leaning foreign language. However, preliminary observation done showed that speaking skill was not the objective in most English classes. It was also found that the students were passive. By applying Research and Development design of Pimsleurâ€Ÿs reciprocal technique, this study aims to improve the novice learnersâ€Ÿ speaking proficiency. After applying design of Pimsleurâ€Ÿs reciprocal technique, there are some results. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the Indonesian adaptation of Pimsleurâ€Ÿs method is an appropriate media to teach transactional conversation to low level students. The results show that the simple real situations based audio content is suitable and useful to the studentsâ€Ÿ need. The principles used also ease the students to acquire, store, recall, practice, and communicate in English, as the target language, correctly. And the participants give positive responses to the use of the Indonesian adaptation of Pimsleurâ€Ÿs method
Teacherâ€™s Perception of Literacy Program: Its Implication to Their Attitudes and Actions
Authors: Susanto Fajar , Rifai Irfan
Published: September 2019

Teachers as the tip of lance play important roles in the success of the implementation of school literacy program such as possessing positive perception of literacy practices. Recognizing the important roles of teachers in the implementation of literacy program in the schools, this study aims to investigate the teachersâ€Ÿ perception toward the implementation of literacy program at a Junior High School in Surabaya. This study is designed as an interpretative qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through open interviews and observations and supplementary data source included student journal. The data findings showed that teachers have positive perceptions on literacy program. They argue that school literacy program potentially enables to build up the studentsâ€Ÿ good habits. Through the habituation of a thirty-minute reading before the class, it can raise the studentsâ€Ÿ awareness on literacy - reading and writing. Moreover, the school literacy program benefits the studentsâ€Ÿ competency in understanding long texts and can help them to be more critical and creative. In addition, instead of students who take advantageous from the literacy program, teachers are also equally benefited from exposure to daily literacy practices within the school. The teachers tend to follow the rhymes of the literacy practices which are marked by reading and writing activities. In this sense, literacy practices facilitate teachers to develop their practical writing abilities and increase their awareness to be the role model in the classrooms particularly in the literacy practices. This study emphasizes that literacy practices can be double blades, on one side it is beneficial for the students and on another side it is advantageous for the teachers
â€œMonolingual or Bilingual Approach?â€ The Best Approach to Teach Speaking for Beginner Level
Authors: Sabat Yuliyanto , Wardhani Aulia Kususma
Published: September 2019

Some English teachers argue that the use of monolingual approach or â€œEnglish Onlyâ€ gives a lot of exposures to students and some others report it just makes the students reluctant to speak as they understand nothing about the topics being discussed. Considering the important roles of teaching approaches on studentsâ€™ success to use English, it is very crucial to conduct a research on this topic. This article is an attempt to report which approach students like the most either â€œEnglish Onlyâ€ or bilingual approach in learning speaking. Besides, it also reveals the reasons why the students choose one of the teaching approaches. As the researcher teaches speaking for beginner level, he uses his students as the subject to facilitate him to collect the data. He uses qualitative research method by using interview, questionnaire, and classroom observation to collect the data. The result of this research showed that studentsâ€™ negative perception on the use of English only and positive perception on the use of code switching supported by the result of questionnaire 95.65% participants chose strongly agree for code switching as their preferable teaching approach with the most common reasons on the material comprehension (86.86% strongly agree) and building self- confidence (78.26% strongly agree).

Keywords: monolingual approach, bilingual approach, classroom interaction
Hybrid Literacy and Its Implementation: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Rifai Irfan , Susanto Fajar
Published: September 2019

This study aims to illustrate the challenges and opportunities of implementing hybrid literacy at Junior High School level in Surabaya. Drawing from amalgamation of interviews with ten teachers who are responsible and concerned with the literacy programme in their schools, classroom observations and documents analysis, the findings indicate that the potential implementation of hybrid literacy within the schools in Surabaya tend to be disrupted by several aspects, all of which are surrounding social and cultural aspect. Social aspect such as studentsâ€™ social condition and school facilities are being the principal challenges in implementing hybrid literacy, whilst cultural aspect such as the school orientation to a particular type of literacy is also prominent to inhibit the implementation of hybrid literacy practices. This study, to some extent, is able to portray the dynamic challenges of hybrid literacy application in the school literacy programmes within the city as well as the potential sources which positively help facilitate the implementation of the future literacy programme, hybrid literacy. Although this study can be used as a reflection of the actorâ€™s lens involved in the literacy programme in Surabaya, the data is limited to three schools. The future study, therefore, should anticipate involving more schools and participants (teachers and students) to get richer data findings in regard with the challenges and opportunities of the implementation of the programme.

Keywords: Hybrid Literacy, implementation, challenges, opportunity
Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) in Improving the English Department Studentsâ€™ Reading Comprehension Achievement
Authors: Rojabi Ahmad Ridho
Published: September 2019

Reading as a receptive skill is very important skill for all students of English because it is a skill that everyone needs in studying or conveying the language. However, it is very difficult for the students to catch the message from the reading text as they have limited words and reading strategies. The aim of this research is to prove whether the implementation of Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) is effective to improve studentsâ€™ reading comprehension.To achieve the purpose, the classroom action research design was employed by following four stages: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. This research was implemented in two cycles, in which both the first cycle and the second cycle were carried out in two meetings. CSR is implemented to teach students reading comprehension in cooperative learning groups. CSR consists of four strategies that are implemented in pre-reading, whilst reading, and post-reading. CSR strategies consist of: (1) preview the text, (2) click and clunk, (3) get the gist, and (4) wrap up. The result of the research revealed that Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) improved the studentsâ€™ reading comprehension achievement on the fourth semester of English departmentat IAIN Jember.

 

Keywords: collaborative strategic reading, reading comprehension achievement, classroom action research
How Foreign Students Learn â€˜Bahasa Indonesiaâ€™ as a Second Language
Authors: Limantoro Singgih Widodo
Published: September 2019

Foreigners who learn 'Bahasa Indonesia' in Indonesia actually learn Indonesian as a Second Language in the real-world settings. They practice Indonesian in Indonesian-speaking culture so that they expect to improve their Indonesian proficiency in a conducive language environment. In this paper, the writer would like to investigate why and how the foreign students learn it at Ubaya Language Center in Surabaya, Indonesia for about one semester. As a matter of fact, a language is also a part of culture, therefore, when they learn the Indonesian cultural activities, they might also learn the Indonesian language through cultural exposure. Based on his overall survey findings, the participants or the foreign students learning Indonesian at ULC had some reasons, such as chance for working career, for travelling, and for improving the language competence. They also used the Indonesian skills in their daily lives. This conducive language environment, their motivation and strategies in learning Indonesian in Indonesia would also enhance the success of their language learning.

Keywords: communicative competence, foster, how to learn, linguistic environment
Familiarization and Confidence: Factors Affecting Young Learnersâ€™ Speaking Test Performance
Authors: Wuryaningrum Rica S
Published: September 2019

Acquiring second language for young learners is a challenging task for them especially when it comes to speaking competence. Speaking may be the hardest competence that young learners have to master as it involves many aspects of language skills such as grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, fluency at the same time. Young learners find difficulty in expressing their thought and idea in spoken language as they have to combine what is in their mind with the target language and then express it orally. These young learners finds difficulties in expressing their ideas in the target language because they have limited knowledge in vocabulary and grammar while speaking is the key skill in primary school foreign language curricula as the learners develop their social-awareness and become competent speakers of the target language (Toledo & Hoit, 2016).For this reason, some school holds English Proficiency test which include speaking as one of the test. Young learners or primary school students need to practice speaking more as it is the medium through which language is encountered, understood, practiced and learnt, (Cameron, 2001).This study aims to find out what are the factors affecting young learnersâ€™performance in speaking test and to find out what  problems encountered by young learners in speaking test. This study was done in a private school in West Surabaya, Indonesia and the subjects were 87 students from second grade to sixth grade. The research instruments are questionnaire and interview. This study was expected to help students with their difficulties and improve their speaking skill.

Keywords: speaking test, speaking skill, young learners, difficulties
The Use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies by Music and Dance Learners of the State University of Surabaya
Authors: Lolita Yuri , Fauzia Nur
Published: September 2019

This study was conducted to examine the use of vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) by Music and Dance students as well as the impact of gender and grade levels on the use of learning strategies. A five Likert scale questionnaire, consisting of 36 items was classified under four strategy categories was administrated to 466 participants from the State University of Surabaya. There are male and female. The Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS, version 20) was used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that The State university of Surabaya students were medium strategy users. The study also found that the cognitive strategies were the most popular strategies among the learners. Social strategies were found to be the least preferred strategies. The results of the t-test showed that in general, the scores of female learners regarding the use of VLSs were slightly higher than male learners. Moreover, Music learners were found to be more strategy users than Dance learners. The results of ANOVA revealed significant differences regarding the use of VLSs and grade levels.

Keywords: Vocabulary learning strategies, Music/Dance learners