bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current knowledge about Chronic fatigue syndrome / myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) causes – summary
Authors: Prylińska-Jaśkowiak Monika , Kożuchowski Marcin
Published: September 2022

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFE) is a severe and disabling disease whose etiology has not yet been elucidated. This implies the lack of a specific biomarker for the diagnosis of PE, and no causal treatment. There are a number of diagnostic criteria that facilitate the diagnosis of PE, but it is still a diagnosis with exclusion. This chapter reviews the scientific literature systematically, summarizing the available knowledge about the probable etiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The current topic of the influence of SARS-Cov-2 virus infection on the development of symptoms of IPC was also taken into account in particular. A clear explanation of the etiology of PE is necessary for the further development of scientific knowledge about the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CHARGE STRUCTURE ON DETONATION DRIVING CHARACTERISTICS OF WHIRLING FRAGMENTS
Authors: LU YUE , MEN JIANBING , JIANG JIANWEI
Published: September 2022

To attach against clustered low-protection UAVs, this paper proposes a new type of whirling fragment structure and warhead arrangement. The non-linear dynamics software Autodyn was used to carry out a numerical simulation. The detonation drive of whirling fragments by different cavity diameter charges was analyzed. The research results show that as the cavity diameter increases, the pressure peak on the outside of the shell will increase first and then decrease, the detonation wave action time will gradually decrease, and the output of the detonation wave at the end of the detonation action will be smoother; The detonation driving process of the whirling fragment is divided into two stages. The first stage is the sharp acceleration process of the detonation product during the action of the detonation wave; the second stage is the scattering process accompanied by spin motion after the fragment leaves the shell. As the diameter of the cavity increases, the center-of-mass velocity of the whirling fragment decreases; there will be a velocity difference between the head and the tail of the fragment then the velocity will be exchanged. The velocity difference first increases and then decreases with increasing cavity diameter; an increase in the cavity diameter will cause a periodic change in the whirling fragments' rotation, which first decreases and then increases.
A cross-sectional retrospective study comparing handwritten operation notes with electronic operation notes
Authors: Ekowo O , Hammenga C , Altaf K , Chan K , Bhardwaj R , Nada H
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Electronically completed medical notes have been shown to be superior in legibility and completeness to handwritten ones. Despite this, surgeons continue to use handwritten operation notes. This paper aims to compare the quality of handwritten versus electronic operation notes.

Methods

This is a retrospective cross-sectional single-centre study done at Darent Valley Hospital, a district general hospital at Dartford, UK. We looked at 405 operation notes of patients who had general surgery procedures between 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2021 checking for legibility and completeness of operation note criteria as given by the Royal College of Surgeons of England’s Good Surgical Practice. Data were collated using an app that populates comparison criteria in an Excel sheet and were analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The results are presented in bar graphs and frequency table.

Results

In 17 out of the 18 criteria in RCS England’s Good Surgical Practice, electronic notes were better completed than handwritten ones (p<0.001). Signature as a criterion had comparable level of completeness in both handwritten and electronic notes, 95% versus 91% respectively. There was 8.3% illegibility in the handwritten note and none in the electronic ones.

Conclusions

Electronic notes are far better completed than handwritten notes in 17 out of the 18 criteria of a good operation note by RCS England. The difference between both forms of notes is far too much; we propose a complete shift in practice from handwritten to electronic format.
Phonetic stability across time: Linguistic enclaves in Switzerland
Authors: Büchler Andrin , Leeman Adrian
Published: September 2022

The present paper shows results of a proof-of-concept study on two historically related but geographically separated dialects of Swiss German. Between the 12th and 14th centuries, speakers of Valais German (southwestern Switzerland) emigrated to the southeastern part of the country, forming so-called Sprachinseln (enclaves) of Valais German in a Romansh-speaking area. Using an online survey, we collected responses from 300+ participants from the cantons of Valais and Grisons to examine how the two dialects have developed over time. Results suggest stability on the phonetic level, i. e. the two dialects still sound very similar despite having been geographically separated for 800 years. The morphosyntax and lexicon, however, exhibit substantial change. We discuss historic and sociodemographic factors that may explain these patterns.
Looking at the periphery from the suburbs: An information-structurally based taxonomy of Hanging Topics in German
Authors: Catasso Nicholas
Published: September 2022

In this paper, it is proposed on the basis of data from German that some of the information-structural features encoded by the projections located in the clause-internal Split-CP domain in the Rizzian (1997) model are replicated in the so-called “outer left periphery”, i. e. in the area situated above ForceP. In doing this, I pursue a cartographic approach in which information structure is directly represented in the syntax by means of syntactic heads that project within the clausal left periphery. The main claim of the paper is that the outer left periphery (of German) includes dedicated projections for four classes of topics, namely so-called “Contrastive Hanging Topics”, “Aboutness Contrastive Topics”, “Familiar Hanging Topics” and “Frame-setting Hanging Topics”. The observations made in this paper pave the way for a comparison with other languages, as well as for the question of the universality of this clause-peripheral makeup.
Towards an agnotology of policy studies: identifying, understanding and addressing knowledge limitations in real world policymaking
Authors: Howlett Michael
Published: September 2022

Background:

This comment responds to points raised in Hannah et al (2023).

Aims and objectives:

The commentary frames the Hannah et al discussion within other recent moves in the policy field to take ‘non-knowledge’ more seriously.

Methods:

The commentary situates the Hannah et al discussion within the traditional literature on knowledge utilisation in the public policy literature.

Findings:

It is argued that while the Hannah et al article is an advance in thinking in the field it does not deal adequately with earlier efforts and findings in the literature.

Discussion and conclusion:

More work towards ‘An agnotology of the policy studies’ is needed.
Not participating in education, employment or training (NEET): hope to mitigate new social risks in the UK?
Authors: Murphy Emily C. , Holmes Craig , Mayhew Ken
Published: September 2022

Young people not participating in education, employment or training (NEET) are a key policy concern in Europe. In this study, we bring forward the idea of hope as a form of life course agency to examine whether hopeful thinking plays a protective role against the risk of being NEET in the context of the British welfare state. Hope is conceptualised as multidimensional: being a temporally embedded, agentic mentality comprised of one’s sense of adaptive decision-making in the present and pathways-thinking towards the future. Longitudinal estimations based on the latest Understanding Society microdata (2009–19) indicate a direct association between higher-hope modes, on average, and a lower likelihood of being NEET. Further, interaction models assess whether hopeful agency is moderated by the experience of parental worklessness. Findings indicate that hopeful agency is shown to be important in the face of NEET risks borne of family background. For the UK, building and ensuring that young people maintain an adaptive, agentic mentality towards their future in education or employment over the long term, may prove one cost-effective policy approach.
Inequalities in children’s skills on primary school entry in Ireland and Scotland: do home learning environment and early childhood childcare explain these differences?
Authors: Smyth Emer , Duta Adriana
Published: September 2022

This article draws on the Growing Up in Ireland study and the Scottish sample of the Millennium Cohort Study to explore the factors influencing inequalities in children’s cognitive skills on entry to primary education. It adopts a multidimensional comparative approach, which directly compares the effects of parental education and household income on several cognitive outcomes (vocabulary, language, reading and numbers) among five-year-old children and examines the extent to which inequalities in these outcomes are mediated by the home learning environment (HLE) and early childhood education (ECE). Home learning environment plays a stronger role in explaining actual vocabulary differences in Ireland while it plays a stronger role in school readiness (teacher-assessed skills) in Scotland. In both countries, use of centre-based care at 9 months and 3 years was markedly higher among the top income quintile. Centre-based care is found to play a mediating role in school readiness in Scotland. Nonetheless, the findings point to important direct effects of family background even when HLE and childcare are taken into account. The analyses point to differences in the trajectory of early skill development in the two countries, with the impact of early skill development being more marked in Scotland than Ireland. Comparative analyses of this kind thus yield important insights for policy development by highlighting potential domains (such as childcare) or timing (preschool or within-school) for intervention.
Changes in sibling similarity in education among Finnish cohorts born in 1950–89: the contribution of paternal and maternal education
Authors: Lahtinen Hannu , Martikainen Pekka , Tarkiainen Lasse
Published: September 2022

Among the many social characteristics that run in the family, education is one of the most strongly persistent. The long-term changes in educational reproduction within families and across generations and the gender-specific drivers of these changes remain partially unclear. Using population data for all Finnish siblings and their parents, we assessed the level of and trends in the intergenerational persistence of education among cohorts born between 1950 and 1989. The variance in education shared among siblings was 37% and remained stable over time. Parental education steadily increased its explanatory power in the shared variance, from 30% among cohorts born in the 1950s to 40% among cohorts born in the 1970s and 1980s. The direct contribution of maternal education net of paternal education for sibling similarity more than doubled across cohorts (from 5% in 1950 to 13% in 1989). The direct contribution of paternal education (10–12%) remained stable. Same-gender siblings resembled each other in education more closely than their opposite-gender counterparts. The growing importance of maternal education over time, which surpasses the predictive power of paternal education, demonstrates an important qualitative change in the determinants of educational stratification. The growing importance of mothers’ education can plausibly result from the strengthening meritocratic achievement of women in education and the associated increase of women in defining the social position of the family. Incorporating the education of both parents in future analyses of intergenerational reproduction of education will probably be increasingly salient.
‘Ain’t I a human being?’: self-documentation of living in poverty in the face of the abandoning state
Authors: Kaplan Dana , Levy Gal , Biton Avigail , Kohan-Benlulu Riki , Buzhish-Sasson Helly
Published: September 2022

How is life in social isolation seen from the viewpoint of people who experience persistent poverty? Given the systemic denial of self-representational agency from those living in poverty and the neoliberalisation of the welfare state, this article turns to those who remained invisible to either the media or the state during the pandemic. In line with current tendencies to prioritise the voice and lived knowledge of people in poverty, we provided our interlocutors with a specifically designed diary tool to allow them to share their mundane experiences and thoughts at their own discretion. Using these diaries of women and men in poverty, and complementary interviews, this article unpacks the ways our participants deal with and understand their everyday relationships with the absent state, mostly welfare and education. Based on the themes that emerged from our interlocutors’ journals, our findings reveal the Janus-faced abandoning/monitoring state that they routinely confront. We then demonstrate how they are constantly chasing the state, struggling to receive the support they lawfully deserve. At the same time, being subjected to practices of state monitoring and surveillance often results not only in mistrust but also in withdrawing almost altogether from the welfare services and social workers, and turning to alternative support networks. We conclude by offering two insights that accentuate, on the one hand, what we and our diarists already know, namely that they count for nothing. Still, on the other hand, the act of self-documentation itself reveals the representational agency of those brave diarists who refuse to forsake their worthiness as citizens.
The same but different: a comparison between family volunteers, other formal volunteers and non-volunteers
Authors: Kamerāde Daiga
Published: September 2022

Extensive research has examined how family status, composition and dynamics affect volunteering, but not how family members volunteer as a group. This research note explores family volunteering – two or more members of a family volunteering together. Using diary data from the United Kingdom Time Use Survey, it examines some essential facts about family volunteering – the extent and patterns of family volunteering, and how family volunteers differ from individuals who volunteer but not together with members of their family and from non-volunteers. The results suggest that family volunteering constitutes a substantive proportion of formal volunteering and nearly half of family volunteers are two adult partners. The findings also indicate that while family volunteering shares some predictors of volunteering with formal volunteering without one’s family members, it is also a sufficiently different volunteering phenomenon that warrants further theoretical explanation and empirical investigation.
Arab- and Muslim-American organisations in metropolitan Detroit: resistance to the travel ban, 2017–19
Authors: Ahmed Raed , Marinova Nadejda K. , James Patrick
Published: September 2022

The ‘travel ban’ or ‘Muslim ban’, issued by the Trump administration in 2017, was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2018 in its third iteration. It was rescinded by President Biden. This article focuses on the mobilisation of Arab and Muslim Americans as minorities facing intentional discrimination. Responses from diasporas in metropolitan Detroit, which emphasise Muslim- and Arab-American community mobilisation, are examined in detail. The ban led to ten responses, including protests, media activism, communications with Congress and legal action. The research agenda incorporates original research on the activity of 12 organisations in metropolitan Detroit. Analysis focuses on interactions between and among Arab Muslims, other Muslims, Arabic-speaking Christians, Japanese Americans, Latinos and women’s organisations. Examining this active minority response to discrimination tells the story anew – looking at groups’ politicisation, alliances among related but distinct Arab-American and Muslim communities, and coalitions across ethnicities. The research contributes to the academic literatures on Muslim and Arab diasporas.
Muslim community-based health organisations: a hybrid of voluntary, religious and healthcare logics
Authors: Shen Gordon C. , Chahal Ryan , Khan Nabil A. , Hussain Syed H. , Khan Ghada , Adam Atif , Wajid Arshia , Laird Lance D.
Published: September 2022

Muslim community-based health organisations (MCBHOs) represent a new wave of non-profit organisations outside of mosques and Islamic community centres. In this article we examine MBCHOs’ core management competencies because they are instantiations of institutional logics, which result in different forms of organisational hybridity within the third sector. Theoretically, we focus on the instantiations that are associated with a societal institutional logic (religion) and two organisational field logics (voluntarism and healthcare). Empirically, we draw from a survey, maps, tax filings and strategic plans. We observed convergences in financial and human resource management and divergences in community engagement and patient assessment among 110 MCBHOs located in the United States. Volunteering and patient care hold the meaning of faith. Our findings suggest that most MCBHOs resemble an assimilated hybrid, characterised by managerial practices that adhere to the core logics of healthcare and voluntarism, with traces of the Islamic religious logic. We thus introduce the concept of ‘faithwashing’.
“It is like second nature”: informal giving among Pakistani Muslims in an English city
Authors: Woodward Abi
Published: September 2022

This article explores how the Islamic principles underpinning zakat and sadaqah aid the development of localised informal support networks in an English city. The article draws on interviews conducted with Pakistani Muslim men and women living in areas of high deprivation. Participants self-identified as a ‘community’ that was multigenerational yet built largely on traditional and conventional Muslim practices. Presenting empirical data that demonstrate the existence of Muslim philanthropic activity, participants provide their own interpretations of zakat and sadaqah while making a distinction between ‘charity’ and more general ‘good deeds’. The findings address a gap in knowledge surrounding the role that informal support plays in supporting Pakistani Muslims in Britain who possess a lower socioeconomic status. The data reveal that the motivations surrounding engagement in informal support have consequences for (dis)engagement with some formal welfare support services.
India–Iran relations and the US exit from Afghanistan: finding common ground?
Authors: Narayanan Kutty Sumitha
Published: September 2022

The withdrawal of US troops and the subsequent return of the Taliban to power have resulted in India and Iran aligning over Afghanistan’s future once again. India risks facing isolation and sees its relationship with Iran as essential to preventing Pakistani hegemony in their shared neighbourhood. Their renewed regional convergence overlaps with an otherwise widening strategic dissonance as the two countries drift further apart within the international order: India as a defence partner of the US embedded in the Indo-Pacific framework and Iran working with China and Russia to counter the US-led order. This often raises questions of reliability within the India–Iran partnership. The article engages with this perception and examines India’s strategic calculus vis-a-vis Iran in a changing global order characterised by declining US commitment. It argues that, notwithstanding the numerous structural and bilateral constraints between them, India will continue to engage an otherwise challenging partner like Iran, as its strategies are, on balance, benefitting from a world that is in flux.
Indo-Israeli relations: changes under Narendra Modi
Authors: Kumaraswamy P.R.
Published: September 2022

When Narendra Modi became prime minister in May 2014, Indo-Israeli relations were stable, progressing and expanding, though somewhat stagnant. Although military–security ties were a major component, active political intervention seemed necessary, as parties of the Left constantly demanded a ‘course correction’ vis-a-vis Israel from the decade-long United Progressive Alliance government under Manmohan Singh. While the Congress-led government withstood the pressure, relations with Israel were under stress, with little progress or visibility due to the stalled peace process. Under those circumstances, Modi became prime minister and ushered in dramatic changes in prioritising Israel in India’s foreign policy matrix. This shift was also helped by a host of domestic and external factors.
The complexity of (super)complexes: Pakistan, India and West Asia
Authors: Mabon Simon , Kapur Saloni
Published: September 2022

Despite areas of synergy, international relations theory has typically considered South and West Asia as analytically distinct. Following the work of Barry Buzan, whose work on regional security complexes is formative in shaping the intellectual debate, the Gulf is considered a subregion of a larger Middle Eastern regional security complex, while South Asia is regarded as its own regional security complex. This article argues that the analytical distinction between these different (sub)regional security complexes has become blurred, reflecting the emergence of a supercomplex. We contend that strong patterns of amity, enmity and securitisation that link the two regional security complexes suggest a thinning boundary between them, with the potential for them to merge. We distinguish between a supercomplex and a merger using the concepts of amity, enmity and securitisation provided by regional security complex theory. We add the English School’s ideas of order, justice and regional society to enhance our understanding. We focus on three issues in which the two regions interact: the Abraham Accords; the Iran nuclear crisis, and Jammu and Kashmir. We argue that increasing relations between the two regional security complexes have resulted in a supercomplex, with powerful states in both regional security complexes seeking to project their power into the adjacent regional security complex. We further note the strengthening patterns of amity, enmity and securitisation connecting the two regions, leading to a thinning of the boundary separating South and West Asia. We contribute to the literature on regional security complex theory by clarifying the distinction between a supercomplex and a merger through the South-West Asian case.
Rethinking social work supervision: is a ‘radical supervision’ model possible?
Authors: Ioakimidis Vasilios , Maragkozakis Akis , Mourati Foteini , Papadopoulou Elena , Papazoglou Anna , Psyrraki Maria-Angeliki , Rizopoulou Lefkothea , Teloni Dimitra-Dora
Published: September 2022

Professional supervision is considered a key aspect of effective social work practice. In much of the world, front-line social work practitioners prioritise social work supervision as essential to ensuring a supportive working environment. This is crucially the case while working in ethically and politically contentious environments (such as working with refugees). Despite its centrality to effective practice, access to professionally meaningful supervision is nowadays seen by employers as a ‘luxury’, rather than as an integral part of front-line practice. On many occasions, the responsibility for accessing and paying for supervision is delegated to practitioners. Different models of supervision have been proposed over the years. This article provides a unique reflection on the creation and function of a ‘radical supervision’ approach, developed by practitioners and academics in Greece to deal with the complex professional and emotional dilemmas that emerged in the context of working with refugees. By ‘radical supervision’, the participants and authors refer to a non-hierarchical, peer-support supervision model that also prioritises collective action and mobilisation as regards structural challenges, thus departing from than the traditional individualistic approach to supervision. The group consisted of seven front-line practitioners and two academics. All practitioners worked in the field of refugee services. The supervisory group met regularly over a period of eight months from December 2020 to July 2021. The group followed the principles of participatory action research to analyse and report findings and reflections, while the analysis, as well the procedure of the supervision per se, were based on the liberation health model.
Research engagement among UK care home staff: a reflection
Authors: Stephens Madison , Mankee-Williams Anna
Published: September 2022

Conducting research in care homes is difficult, and research originating from care homes is lacking. This article provides reflective insights into the determinants that affect research engagement among UK care home staff. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour has been used to structure and explore our reflections relating to time, funding and skills. Our reflections suggest that wider determinants influence research engagement among care home staff and that a culture of research within care homes remains in its infancy. Our reflections highlight that more needs to be done to enable and empower care home staff to engage in research.
State–market entanglement: some implications for the theory of public finance
Authors: Kessler Zachary , Wagner Richard E.
Published: September 2022

This article is concerned with the way economists conceptualise the relationship between state and market within their theories of public finance. It is customary for them to treat polity and economy as comprising separate domains of human activity. In contrast, the recently developing notion of entangled political economy treats the state–market dichotomy as an abstraction, whereas political and economic organisations are deeply entangled with one another. While property and its distinction between mine and thine is a universal quality of the human species, specific and particular rights of property are always contestable through entanglement among political and commercial entities. Entanglement calls attention to the processes through which rights of action are established and challenged within an entangled system of political economy. What results from our exploration of entanglement and public finance is recognition of the high analytical potential of reviving Antonio de Viti’s initial interest in transforming the focus of public finance from the practice of public finance into a scientific theory, thereby joining public finance and public choice to form political economy.
Noise Robust High Precision and Real-Time Focus Detection for Laser Micromanaging
Authors: Polat Can , Yapıcı Gizem Nuran , Elahi Sepehr , Elahi Parviz
Published: September 2022

We present a high-precision machine learning method to precisely control laser focus position. We experimentally verified it on different materials and achieved more than 95% accuracy. We simulated the effect of noise on the accuracy.
Creation of high-aspect-ratio microchannels inside silicon with three-dimensional laser lithography
Authors: Tauseef Muhammad Ahsan , Sabet Rana Asgari , Tokel Onur
Published: September 2022

Here, we demonstrate for the first-time, high-aspect-ratio microchannels inside silicon wafers, exploiting modulated lasers beams. The optical quality of the top wafer surface is preserved for further on-chip, in-chip integration.
Ultrafast-Laser-Inscribed Type-II Waveguides in IG2: Self-Organized Morphology and Waveguiding Properties
Authors: Hu W. , Kilinc M. , Gebremichael W. , Dorrer C. , Qiao J.
Published: September 2022

We report the ultrafast-laser inscription of type-II waveguides in the IG2 chalcogenide glass, focusing on the self-organized morphology within the tracks and the waveguiding properties over a large range of writing parameters.
Single-pulse Laser Induced Buried Defects in Silicon Written by Ultrashort-pulse Laser at 2.1 um
Authors: Tolstik N. , Sorokin E. , Mac-Cragh J.C. , Richter R. , Sorokina Irina T.
Published: September 2022

We report sub-wavelength micrometer-sized buried defects induced in silicon by single ultrashort laser pulses at 2.09 µm. We also report laser-induced depressed cladding waveguide and other 3D-structures, and demonstrate waveguiding.
Filament-Induced Fluorescence of Algae for Remote Contamination Monitoring
Authors: Finney Lauren A. , Peskosky Nicholas , Skrodzki Patrick J. , Burger Milos , Nees John , Krushelnick Karl , Jovanovic Igor
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate that ultrafast laser filaments can excite chlorophyll fluorescence in green algae and show that it is a promising technique for remote detection of uranium exposure from the shape of the fluorescence time profile.
Parabolic Core W-type Thulium-doped Fiber for 1.7 µm High-energy Ultrafast All-fiber Lasers
Authors: Chen Shaoxiang , Chen Yuhao , Li Huizi , Sidharthan Raghuraman , Chang Chen Jian , Yoo Seongwoo
Published: September 2022

A parabolic core W-type fiber offers normal dispersion and a short-pass filtering effect while being bent, enabling high gain in a 1.7-µm region. An achievable core size of the design is studied within fabrication capability.
Deep learning-based transformation of H&E stained tissue into special stains
Authors: de Haan Kevin , Zhang Yijie , Zuckerman Jonathan E. , Liu Tairan , Rivenson Yair , Wallace W. Dean , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: September 2022

We present a deep learning-based technique to computationally transform H&E-stained tissue sections into different special stains. We also demonstrate that this stain-to-stain transformation framework improves diagnostic accuracy over the use of H&E only.
Quantitative particle agglutination assay using mobile holographic imaging and neural networks
Authors: Luo Yi , Joung Hyou-Arm , Esparza Sarah , Rao Jingyou , Garner Omai , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: September 2022

A quantitative particle agglutination assay using mobile holography and neural networks is demonstrated to rapidly and accurately measure C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in human serum samples.
Simultaneous strain-temperature analysis by machine learning assisted FBG sensor
Authors: Dey Koustav , Vangety Nikhil , Roy Sourabh
Published: September 2022

We present a new and efficacious Artificial Neural network (ANN) approach utilizing the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for temperature and strain measurement simultaneously. ANN successfully manifests the highly improved performance compared to transfer matrix method.
Orientation-patterned semiconductors for efficient mid-infrared frequency conversion
Authors: Schunemann Peter G.
Published: September 2022

Compound III-V semiconductors based on GaAs, InP, and their analogs are widely used as LEDs, lasers, and photodetectors. Here we describe novel periodically-inverted GaAs and GaP structures for highly engineerable frequency conversion to the mid-infrared.
Optical parametric oscillation from soft-glass fiber cavity
Authors: Alamgir Imtiaz , Rezaei Mohsen , Rochette Martin
Published: September 2022

We report two fiber optical parametric oscillators (FOPO) built entirely out of chalcogenide and fluoride fibers. The FOPOs show Raman assisted and pure parametric oscillation with tunable Stokes emission within 2.023-2.048 μm and 2.088-2.139 μm.
Controllable Material Removal and Polishing of Glass Using Femtosecond Lasers
Authors: Chen Gong , Qiao Jie
Published: September 2022

Femtosecond laser polishing of glass is demonstrated for the first time, achieving controllable material removal and sub-nanometer surface roughness. This result opens a path for complex optical processing tasks on various materials.
Femtosecond laser-induced confined nanocrystallization in dielectric multilayers
Authors: Ricca Ruben , Bellouard Yves
Published: September 2022

TiO2 nanoparticles are used in countless optical applications, from photovoltaics to detectors. Here, we demonstrate the use of ultrafast laser to form TiO2 nanocrystalline particles locally confined within a multi-layer stack, while preserving the surface.
Ultrashort laser sintering of printed Ag and Au nanoparticle thin tracks on heat sensitive substrates
Authors: Sharif Ayesha , Farid Nazar , McGlynn Peter , O’Connor Gerard M
Published: September 2022

We propose an efficient sintering method for metal nanoparticles films on flexible heat sensitive substrate using femtosecond laser. Sheet resistance measurements and SEM micrographs reveal significant improvements in conductivity and grain size after laser sintering.
Black Silicon Photodetector with Broadband Spectral Photoresponsivity and High Gain by Ti-hyperdoping
Authors: Huang Song , Cao Jinze , Cao Jiaxin , Wu Qiang , Gao Weiqing , Xu Jingjun
Published: September 2022

Ti-hyperdoped black silicon photodetector is prepared by femtosecond laser irradiation, which high comprehensive properties with broadband spectral photoresponsivity and high gain, showing great potential in high-performance imaging and large-scale optoelectronic integration.
Exhaust Gas Diagnostics at Real Driving Conditions using a Compact TDLAS Measurement System
Authors: Wagner Steven , Biondo Luigi , Gerken Henrik , Steinhaus Tim , Illmann Lars , Beidl Christian
Published: September 2022

Stronger regulation requirements for industrial application based thermo-chemical energy conversion processes demand for new measurement approaches to characterize the composition of the exhaust gas emission. We present a robust multi-channel, multi species measurements system for the quantification of exhaust gas species direct at the tail pipe end of a driving car. The application of the TDLAS spectrometer at a car during a syn-fuel test drive will be shown and the robustness as well as uncertainties of the optical system will be discussed.
Spectral gain measurement of extended L-band EDFAs using a saturating tone
Authors: Durak Firat Ertac , Jalilpiran Saber , Monga Kaboko Jean-Jacques , Maes Frédéric , Wang Lixian , Messaddeq Younès , LaRochelle Sophie
Published: September 2022

We compare the spectral gain measurement of an extended L-band EDFA performed using a saturation tone combined with a tunable signal, to the measurement done with an L-band comb source. The optimum tone wavelength is investigated.
Determining Transfer Function of Reconstructive Spectrometer using Two Laser Sources
Authors: Sharma Naresh , Gupta Shilpi
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a technique to experimentally determine the transfer function of a photonic crystal cavity based reconstructive spectrometer using only two lasers. The reconstructed spectrum matches well with the measurements of a commercial spectrometer.
Retrieving Masked Signal Through Tracking and Wavefront Shaping
Authors: Rumman Nazifa , Wang Tianhong , Jennings Kaitlin , Bassène Pascal , Buldt Finn , N’Gom Moussa
Published: September 2022

We present a novel approach that tracks and localizes hidden signal inside or behind scattering media. The method combines traditional feedback based wavefront shaping with a switch function that utilizes two different feedback signals.
In situ DNA hybridization detection using dual-channel optical fiber sensor with temperature compensation
Authors: Zhou Xue , Gong Pengqi , Wang Shankun , Zhang Yanan , Zhao Yong , Nguyen Linh Viet , Warren-Smith Stephen C. , Li Xuegang
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the dual parameter measurement of temperature and DNA sequence by simultaneously using SPR and MZI in a simple single mode fiber-no-core fiber-SMF structure.
Chip-Scale Optical Frequency Comb Sources: Light sources for Massively Parallel Communications, Fast Optical Ranging, and Ultra-Broadband Signal Processing
Authors: Koos Christian
Published: September 2022

Chip-scale optical frequency combs have emerged as novel light sources for miniaturized optical systems, offering the potential to disrupt a wide range of applications. In this talk, we will give an overview on our recent progress in exploiting such devices for massively parallel wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), ultra-fast distance metrology, and ultra-broadband signal processing.
Longitudinal Deep-Brain Imaging through an Intact Skull Using a Label-Free Reflection Matrix Microscopy
Authors: Kwon Yongwoo , Yoon Seokchan , Hong Jin Hee , Lee Hojun , Choi Wonshik
Published: September 2022

We implemented a label-free reflection matrix microscopy system using a 1.3-μm wavelength pulsed laser and conducted in vivo imaging of a 3- to 10-week-old mouse brain with an intact skull. The myelination processes at the early developmental stages were observed up to the cortical layer IV with the ideal diffraction-limited resolution of 650 nm.
Full Stabilization of a Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Comb via Radiofrequency Injection and Frequency Locking to a Crystalline Microresonator
Authors: Insero Giacomo , Wang Zhen , Borri Simone , Consolino Luigi , De Natale Paolo , de Cumis Mario Siciliani , Cappelli Francesco
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate a novel scheme for full stabilization of a Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Comb via radio-frequency injection and frequency stabilization on a crystalline microresonator. A final linewidth of 30 kHz over 2 ms is achieved.
Implantable optical fiber sensor for monitoring the stress evolution in lithium-sulfur battery
Authors: Li Yanpeng , Miao Ziyun , Xiao Xiangpeng , Li Zhen , Yan Zhijun , Sun Qizhen
Published: September 2022

We report the implantable optical fiber sensor for monitoring the cathode stress evolution in the lithium-sulfur battery. The operando decoding of the chemo-mechanics events of Li-sulfur battery is successfully realized.
Electric Fingertips: An Electric Tactile Sensor Based on Gallium Nitride Nanopillars
Authors: Dvorak Nathan , Ku Pei-Cheng
Published: September 2022

A tactile sensor based on electrically pumped gallium nitride (GaN) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with ultrathin p-contacts is proposed, fabricated, and demonstrated. The proposed sensor has the ability to decern the direction of an applied force.
Optics-Free Optical Spectrometer Chip for the Visible Wavelengths
Authors: Sarwar Tuba , Kim Juhyeon , Ku Pei-Cheng
Published: September 2022

We demonstrated a chip-scale spectrometer based on wavelength selective GaN dot-in-wire (DIW) photodiodes. Local strain engineering enables the monolithic integration of photodiodes with different absorption properties. Spectroscopic functionality using compressive sensing algorithms was also demonstrated.
All-Glass, Mass-Producible, Large-Diameter Metalens at Visible Wavelength for 100 mm Aperture Optics and Beyond
Authors: Park Joon-Suh , Lim Soon Wei Daniel , Ossiander Marcus , Li Zhaoyi , Amirzhan Arman , Capasso Federico
Published: September 2022

We present a mass-producible, all-glass, 100 mm diameter metalens working at visible wavelengths manufactured using deep-ultraviolet projection lithography, overcoming the intrinsic exposure size limit of the lithography tool.
Broadband Optical Circulator for Mid-IR Quantum Cascade Frequency-comb Remote Sensors
Authors: Huang Baichuan , Soskind Michael G. , Kosan Nicholas , Liu Jie , Wysocki Gerard
Published: September 2022

We present an optical circulator that maximizes usable light while attenuating optical feedback to mid-IR quantum cascade laser combs. The circulator preserves over 87% of light and maintains optical feedback below 1%.
Digital electronics platform-based supercontinuum light detection for mid-infrared trace gas sensing
Authors: Chin S. , Denis S. , Zaen J.V. , Muntané E. , Khodabakhsh A. , Harren F. J. M. , Bowen P. , Schröder S. , Martin H. , Lecomte S. , Balet L.
Published: September 2022

We present a digital platform-based lock-in detection scheme to improve the gas sensing performance of a spectrometer. A numerically-controlled oscillator serves as reference clock to trigger the supercontinuum source and to demodulate the detector signal.
Surface Chemistry Measurements of Atmosphere-Driven Transition in Wettability of Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Processed Copper
Authors: Kaufman Graham , Nejati Siamak , Pavunny Shojan P. , Alexander Dennis , Zuhlke Craig A.
Published: September 2022

Changes in surface chemistry and wettability of femtosecond laser surface processed (FLSP) copper due to atmospheric exposure are quantified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements.
Learning-based quantum state reconstruction using biased quantum state distributions
Authors: Lohani Sanjaya , Lukens Joseph M. , Jones Daniel E. , Glasser Ryan T. , Searles Thomas A. , Kirby Brian T.
Published: September 2022

We derive the Dirichlet concentration parameters for mixtures of Haar-random pure states that recover mean purities equal to standard measures, demonstrating how tailored distributions attain appreciable performance advantages in machine-learning-based and Bayesian quantum state reconstruction.
Monolithic Integration of Si3N4 Ring Resonator and On-Chip Fourier Transform Spectrometer for The Lab-On-A-Chip Biosensor
Authors: Yoo Kyoung Min , Chen Ray T.
Published: September 2022

We demonstrated the monolithically integrated biosensor with micro-ring-resonator (MRR) and spatial-heterodyne Fourier-transform-spectrometer (SH-FTS) on Si3N4-on-SiO2, substituting the external optical spectrum analyzer. The spectrum is retrieved from SH-FTS with the bulk sensitivity of 42.9 nm/RIU.
Electro-Optically Derived Arbitrary Millimeter-Wave Sources with 100 GHz of Bandwidth
Authors: Bosworth Bryan T. , Jungwirth Nick R. , Smith Kassiopeia , Cheron Jerome , Quinlan Franklyn , Woodson Madison , Morgan Jesse , Beling Andreas , Feldman Ari , Williams Dylan , Orloff Nathan D. , Long Christian J.
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate fine phase and amplitude control of millimeter-waves, measured on-wafer using an electro-optic frequency comb, programmable spectral filter, and uni-traveling carrier photodiode. We then synthesize arbitrary waveforms with 100 GHz of bandwidth and +12.7 dBm amplitude.
Quasi-Light Storage Enabled Cognitive RF Sensing
Authors: Kadum Jaffar Emad , Preußler Stefan , Das Ranjan , Mandalawi Younus , Schneider Thomas
Published: September 2022

We report a cognitive RF sensing system enabled by quasi-light storage. A multichannel signal identification has been experimentally demonstrated based on time-frequency coherence. The method is reconfigurable, wideband and supports real-time signal processing.
Photonic Vector Modulator Based on MRR Weight Banks
Authors: Nichols Mitchell , Salmani Mahsa , Luan Enxiao , Eshaghi Armaghan , Lampe Lutz
Published: September 2022

A microwave photonic phase shifter is presented based on a complex Cartesian weighting approach using microring resonators. The proposed architecture realizes simultaneous phase shifting and combining of RF signals using wavelength-division-multiplexed optical signals.
Waveguide-based Photodetector integrated with Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Authors: Huang Po-Wei , Chen Rih-You , Huang Shi-Ting , Guo Yong-Kuan , Chang Yen-Hsiang , Chen Yang-Jeng , Chiu Yi-Jen
Published: September 2022

A new scheme of photodetector monolithically integrated with semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) has been demonstrated. Optical-to-electrical frequency response of 30GHz was obtained with an optical gain of >8dB from SOA, leading to >0.6 A/W responsivities.
Ultra-high system detection efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum photonics and life sciences
Authors: Rodriguez Bruno Lopez , Chang Jin , Los Johannes W. N. , Steinhauer Stephan , Zwiller Val , Zadeh Iman Esmaeil
Published: September 2022

Ultra-high system detection efficiency ( SDE) s uperconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are demonstrated for a broad range of wavelengths, from UV to mid-infrared, opening novel possibilities in the fields of quantum photonics, neuroimaging and astronomy.
Space Frequency-Comb for In-Orbit-Demonstration in Low-Earth-Orbit
Authors: Böhle Frederik , Penka Daniela , Lezius Matthias , Holzwarth Ronald
Published: September 2022

We present a compact, radiation tolerant, space frequency comb that is scheduled for an in-orbit-demonstration in low-earth-orbit with a launch in 2024.
Long Wave Infrared Wavefront Reconstruction Through Complex Media
Authors: Bhattacharya Anwesh , Berto Pascal , Krachmalnicoff Valentina , Izeddin Ignacio , Tessier Gilles , De Wilde Yannick
Published: September 2022

A novel broadband infrared (IR) speckle imaging system with a thin scatterer and an uncooled microbolometric camera is employed to encode wavefront phase variations as local speckle deformations. The phase reconstruction from speckle shifts using a fast diffeomorphic algorithm ultimately demonstrates IR wavefront reconstruction through complex media.
Random Lasers, Complex Systems and the Nobel Prize in Physics 2021
Authors: Gomes Anderson S. L. , Moura André L. , de Araújo Cid B. , Raposo Ernesto P.
Published: September 2022

Random lasers are recognized as open cavity complex systems emitting coherent radiation with interesting properties. I shall describe its applications to studies of spin-glass, turbulence and its relation to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2021
3D Dynamic Lensing via Enhanced Light-Sound Interactions
Authors: Chabok Hamid Reza , Lu Thompson , Mostaan Mohammad Reza , Bahari Babak , Jung Pawel S. , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Khajavikhan Mercedeh
Published: September 2022

Most acousto-optic lenses produce energy dissipating annular fringes. Here, we report a 3D dynamic focusing with fully-localized focus and 477-fold beam confinement with an extended depth of field (DoF) of more than 28 cm.
Laser Cavity-Solitons and Turing Patterns Microcombs: the Interaction of Slow and Fast Nonlinearities
Authors: Pasquazi Alessia , Rowley Maxwell , Hanzard Pierre Henry , Cutrona Antonio , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Morandotti Roberto , Moss David J. , Gongora Juan Sebastian Totero , Peccianti Marco
Published: September 2022

Slow nonlinearities are critical in microresonator-based frequency combs, regulating essential phenomena, from stability to soliton starting and formation. We discuss their effect in a microresonator-filtered fiber laser.
Speckle resistance from space-time light sheets
Authors: Diouf Mbaye , Lin Zixi , Harling Mitchell , Toussaint Kimani C.
Published: September 2022

We investigate the propagation of the space-time (ST) light sheet through a thin diffuser. We find that the ST light sheet shows considerable resistance to speckle formation and pulse broadening.
Hollow-core to standard fiber interconnection with customized air-gap distance
Authors: Zhong Ailing , Dousek Daniel , Suslov Dmytro , Zvánovec Stanislav , Fokoua Eric Numkam , Poletti Francesco , Richardson David J. , Slavík Radan , Komanec Matěj
Published: September 2022

By modifying the design of the interconnection between standard and hollow-core fibers, we achieved low insertion loss while creating a gap in between. This will allow for insertion of thin optical elements such as filters.
Multi-channel approach for secure optical image encryption
Authors: Audhkhasi Romil , Povinelli Michelle L.
Published: September 2022

We propose a generalized encryption scheme suited for transmission of image data on multiple wavelength channels. Our key space size grows double-exponentially with number of channels, ensuring security against both brute-force and more sophisticated attacks.
Super-resolution magnetic imaging of magnetic nanoparticles with charge state depletion of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Mosavian Nazanin , Hubert Forrest , Smits Janis , Kehayias Pauli , Silani Yaser , Ristoff Nate , Richards Bryan , Acosta Victor M.
Published: September 2022

We have used a method called Charge State Depletion (CSD) microscopy with Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond to perform fluorescence microscopy beyond the diffraction limit. Combined with Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) measurements on NV centers in a layer near the diamond surface, this enables super-resolution magnetic microscopy of ~30 nm ferromagnetic nanoparticles.