bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF SUICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT PRACTICES IN THE SCHOOL SETTING
Authors: Crepeau‐Hobson Franci
Published: July 2013

Suicidal behavior in children and youth continues to be a major public health problem in the United States. School personnel have a legal and ethical obligation to recognize and respond to the mental health needs of their students and to take steps to ensure their safety. In this exploratory study, suicide risk assessment practices of three large school districts were examined. More than 3,400 suicide risk assessments were conducted in these districts during the 3 years considered. The results indicate that all three districts have implemented suicide prevention programs that include risk‐assessment practices in an effort to reduce suicidality. Suicides risk assessments were conducted with at least one child in each grade from kindergarten through 12th in each district, occurring most frequently at the middle school level. Differences by gender were noted in terms of level of risk and hospitalizations, but no significant differences were observed based on race/ethnicity. These risk assessment efforts of these three districts appear to be promising in preventing suicides: none of the students who were assessed went on to commit suicide. Implications for school‐based practices and training are discussed.
VICTIMS OF BULLYING: WHOM THEY SEEK HELP FROM AND WHY: AN AUSTRALIAN SAMPLE
Authors: Dowling Mitchell J. , Carey Timothy A.
Published: July 2013

It is critically important to understand why victims of bullying decide to seek help when they do, particularly from adults, because this reduces the probability of being victimized in the future. This study sought to understand more clearly the patterns of help‐seeking by students who reported being victims of bullying. Participants were students in Years 5 and 6 from six different schools in a large Australian city (N = 259). Data were collected using a self‐report questionnaire. Several factors were explored, including victim category, source of help, and the victim's goals. The results indicated that victims of bullying perceived different sources of help to be related to achieving different goals. Furthermore, the results showed that students who self‐identified as victims of bullying perceived informal sources of help to be easier to talk to about being bullied. Victims also realized that teachers were concerned about them being bullied, but this was not related to being able to ask them for help. Help‐seeking is a complex process involving conflicting goals. The results highlighted several avenues for future research as well as some practical implications.
Targeted induction of endogenous NKX3‐1 by small activating RNA inhibits prostate tumor growth
Authors: Ren Shancheng , Kang Moo Rim , Wang Ji , Huang Vera , Place Robert F. , Sun Yinhao , Li Long‐Cheng
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

RNA activation (RNAa) is a small RNA‐mediated gene regulation mechanism by which expression of a particular gene can be induced by targeting its promoter using small double‐stranded RNA also known as small activating RNA (saRNA). We used saRNA as a molecular tool to examine NKX3‐1's role as a tumor suppressor and tested in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of NKX3‐1 induction by saRNA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

NKX3‐1 saRNA was transfected into human prostate cancer cells including LNCaP, CWR22R, PC‐3, CWR22RV1, DuPro, LAPC4, and DU145. The transfected cells were used for analysis of gene expression by RT‐PCR and immunoblotting, proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. PC‐3 xenograft models were established in immunocompromised mice and treated with NKX3‐1 saRNA.

RESULTS

NKX3‐1 saRNA induced NKX3‐1 expression in different prostate cancer cell lines, resulting in inhibited cell proliferation and survival, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. These effects were partly mediated by NKX3‐1's regulation of several downstream genes including the upregulation of p21 and p27, and the inhibition of VEGFC expression. Treatment of mouse xenograft prostate tumors with intratumoral delivery of NKX3‐1 saRNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged animal survival.

CONCLUSIONS

By revealing several important target genes of NKX3‐1, our findings corroborated NKX3‐1's role as a tumor suppressor gene through direct regulation of the cell cycle and growth/survival pathways. This study also validated the therapeutic potential of saRNA for the treatment of prostate cancer via targeted activation of tumor suppressor genes. Prostate 73: 1591–1601, 2013 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring Differential Maternal Mortality Using Census Data in Developing Countries
Authors: Leone Tiziana
Published: July 2013

The 2010 census round has highlighted an increasing number of countries that have included maternal mortality in their questionnaires. Censuses have been hailed as a key source of data for maternal mortality in the absence of complete vital registration information. In particular, given the small numbers, they might be the only source of information to estimate differential mortality. This paper explores the feasibility of using census data to analyse differentials (e.g. by education and age) of maternal mortality in low‐resource countries.

By using data from Lesotho and Nicaragua, this study investigates the use of censuses to calculate differential maternal mortality. Methods used include indirect demographic techniques, smoothing functions, and sensitivity analysis to analyse maternal mortality by age, residence, and education.

Results show that levels of adjustments vary greatly and that smoothing functions, although very useful for differential analysis, might not be powerful enough to avoid fluctuations because of small numbers. Despite the considerable investment over the last decade, results show that the census might not be a feasible tool to analyse differentials as the results suffer greatly from mortality coverage assumptions. Notwithstanding, censuses should still be considered as a key source of information and should be analysed in conjunction with other sources. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of surface roughness in the determination of the mechanical properties of material using nanoindentation test
Authors: Xia Yang , Bigerelle Maxence , Marteau Julie , Mazeran Pierre‐Emmanuel , Bouvier Salima , Iost Alain
Published: July 2013

A quantitative model is proposed for the estimation of macro‐hardness using nanoindentation tests. It decreases the effect of errors related to the non‐reproducibility of the nanoindentation test on calculations of macro‐hardness by taking into account the indentation size effect and the surface roughness. The most innovative feature of this model is the simultaneous statistical treatment of all the nanoindentation loading curves. The curve treatment mainly corrects errors in the zero depth determination by correlating their positions through the use of a relative reference. First, the experimental loading curves are described using the Bernhardt law. The fitted curves are then shifted, in order to simultaneously reduce the gaps between them that result from the scatter in the experimental curves. A set of shift depths, Δhc, is therefore identified. The proposed approach is applied to a large set of TiAl6V4 titanium‐based samples with different roughness levels, polished by eleven silicon carbide sandpapers from grit paper 80 to 4,000. The result reveals that the scatter degree of the indentation curves is higher when the surface is rougher. The standard deviation of the shift Δhc is linearly connected to the standard deviation of the surface roughness, if the roughness is high‐pass filtered in the scale of the indenter (15 µm). Using the proposed method, the estimated macro‐hardness for eleven studied TiAl6V4 samples is in the range of 3.5–4.1 GPa, with the smallest deviation around 0.01 GPa, which is more accurate than the one given by the Nanoindentation MTS™ system, which uses an average value (around 4.3 ± 0.5 GPa). Moreover, the calculated Young's modulus of the material is around 136 ± 20 GPa, which is similar to the modulus in literature. SCANNING 36:134–149, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concise review: The Yin and Yang of intestinal (cancer) stem cells and their progenitors
Authors: Stange Daniel E. , Clevers Hans
Published: July 2013

The intestine has developed over the last few years into a prime model system for adult stem cell research. Intestinal cells have an average lifetime of 5 days, moving within this time from the bottom of intestinal crypts to the top of villi. This rapid self-renewal capacity combined with an easy to follow (mostly) unidirectional movement of cells offers an ideal site to conduct adult stem cell research. The delineation of the active pathways in the intestinal epithelium together with the development of molecular techniques to prove stemness laid the grounds for the identification of the intestinal stem cell. In vitro systems and transgenic mouse models broaden our knowledge on the role of the stem cell niche and those cells that reestablish homeostasis after perturbation of the system. These insights expedited also research on the role of normal adult stem cells in cancer initiation and the factors influencing the maintenance of cancer stem cells.
Mechanically activated fyn utilizes mTORC2 to regulate RhoA and adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Thompson William R. , Guilluy Christophe , Xie Zhihui , Sen Buer , Brobst Kaitlyn E. , Yen Sherwin S. , Uzer Gunes , Styner Maya , Case Natasha , Burridge Keith , Rubin Janet
Published: July 2013

Mechanical strain provides an anti-adipogenic, pro-osteogenic stimulus to mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) through generating intracellular signals and via cytoskeletal restructuring. Recently, mTORC2 has been shown to be a novel mechanical target critical for the anti-adipogenic signal leading to preservation of β-catenin. As mechanical activation of mTORC2 requires focal adhesions (FAs), we asked whether proximal signaling involved Src and FAK, which are early responders to integrin-FA engagement. Application of mechanical strain to marrow-derived MSCs was unable to activate mTORC2 when Src family kinases were inhibited. Fyn, but not Src, was specifically required for mechanical activation of mTORC2 and was recruited to FAs after strain. Activation of mTORC2 was further diminished following FAK inhibition, and as FAK phosphorylation (Tyr-397) required Fyn activity, provided evidence of Fyn/FAK cooperativity. Inhibition of Fyn also prevented mechanical activation of RhoA as well as mechanically induced actin stress fiber formation. We thus asked whether RhoA activation by strain was dependent on mTORC2 downstream of Fyn. Inhibition of mTORC2 or its downstream substrate, Akt, both prevented mechanical RhoA activation, indicating that Fyn/FAK affects cytoskeletal structure via mTORC2. We then sought to ascertain whether this Fyn-initiated signal pathway modulated MSC lineage decisions. siRNA knockdown of Fyn, but not Src, led to rapid attainment of adipogenic phenotype with significant increases in adipocyte protein 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, adiponectin, and perilipin. As such, Fyn expression in mdMSCs contributes to basal cytoskeletal architecture and, when associated with FAs, functions as a proximal mechanical effector for environmental signals that influence MSC lineage allocation.
Estimation of shear wave speed in the human uterine cervix
Authors: Carlson L. C. , Feltovich H. , Palmeri M. L. , Dahl J. J. , Munoz del Rio A. , Hall T. J.
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Objectives

To explore spatial variability within the cervix and the sensitivity of shear wave speed (SWS) to assess softness/stiffness differences in ripened (softened) vs unripened tissue.

Methods

We obtained SWS estimates from hysterectomy specimens (n = 22), a subset of which were ripened (n = 13). Multiple measurements were made longitudinally along the cervical canal on both the anterior and posterior sides of the cervix. Statistical tests of differences in the proximal vs distal, anterior vs posterior and ripened vs unripened cervix were performed with individual two‐sample t‐tests and a linear mixed model.

Results

Estimates of SWS increase monotonically from distal to proximal longitudinally along the cervix, they vary in the anterior compared to the posterior cervix and they are significantly different in ripened vs unripened cervical tissue. Specifically, the mid position SWS estimates for the unripened group were 3.45 ± 0.95 m/s (anterior; mean ± SD) and 3.56 ± 0.92 m/s (posterior), and 2.11 ± 0.45 m/s (anterior) and 2.68 ± 0.57 m/s (posterior) for the ripened group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

We propose that SWS estimation may be a valuable research and, ultimately, diagnostic tool for objective quantification of cervical stiffness/softness. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Turbomole
Authors: Furche Filipp , Ahlrichs Reinhart , Hättig Christof , Klopper Wim , Sierka Marek , Weigend Florian
Published: July 2013

Turbomole is a highly optimized software package for large‐scale quantum chemical simulations of molecules, clusters, and periodic solids. Turbomole uses Gaussian basis sets and specializes on predictive electronic structure methods with excellent cost to performance characteristics, such as (time‐dependent) density functional theory (TDDFT), second‐order Møller–Plesset theory, and explicitly correlated coupled cluster (CC) methods. These methods are combined with ultraefficient and numerically stable algorithms such as integral‐direct and Laplace transform methods, resolution‐of‐the‐identity, pair natural orbitals, fast multipole, and low‐order scaling techniques. Apart from energies and structures, a variety of optical, electric, and magnetic properties are accessible from analytical energy derivatives for electronic ground and excited states. Recent additions include post‐Kohn–Sham calculations within the random phase approximation, periodic calculations, spin–orbit couplings, explicitly correlated CC singles doubles and perturbative triples methods, CC singles doubles excitation energies, and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations using TDDFT. A dedicated graphical user interface and a user support network are also available.

This article is categorized under:

Software > Quantum Chemistry
Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for increasing the production of l-ornithine by increasing NADPH availability
Authors: Jiang Ling-Yan , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Li Zhen , Liu Jian-Zhong
Published: July 2013

The experiments presented here were based on the conclusions of our previous proteomic analysis. Increasing the availability of glutamate by overexpression of the genes encoding enzymes in the l-ornithine biosynthesis pathway upstream of glutamate and disruption of speE, which encodes spermidine synthase, improved l-ornithine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Production of l-ornithine requires 2 moles of NADPH per mole of l-ornithine. Thus, the effect of NADPH availability on l-ornithine production was also investigated. Expression of Clostridium acetobutylicum gapC, which encodes NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and Bacillus subtilis rocG, which encodes NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, led to an increase of l-ornithine concentration caused by greater availability of NADPH. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrates that the increased levels of NADPH resulted from the expression of the gapC or rocG gene rather than that of genes (gnd, icd, and ppnK) involved in NADPH biosynthesis. The resulting strain, C. glutamicum ΔAPRE::rocG, produced 14.84 g l−1 of l-ornithine. This strategy of overexpression of gapC and rocG will be useful for improving production of target compounds using NADPH as reducing equivalent within their synthetic pathways.
Carbon cycling and sequestration in a Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest on lava flow of Mt. Fuji
Authors: Ohtsuka Toshiyuki , Negishi Masaya , Sugita Kazuyuki , Iimura Yasuo , Hirota Mitsuru
Published: July 2013

Biometric‐based carbon flux measurements were conducted in a pine forest on lava flow of Mt. Fuji, Japan, in order to estimate carbon cycling and sequestration. The forest consists mainly of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) in a canopy layer and Japanese holly (Ilex pedunculosa) in a subtree layer. The lava remains exposed on the ground surface, and the soil on the lava flow is still immature with no mineral soil layer. The results showed that the net primary production (NPP) of the forest was 7.3 ± 0.7 t C ha−1 year−1, of which 1.4 ± 0.4 t C ha−1 year−1 was partitioned to biomass increment, 3.2 ± 0.5 t C ha−1 year−1 to above‐ground fine litter production, 1.9 t C ha−1 year−1 to fine root production, and 0.8 ± 0.2 t C ha−1 year−1 to coarse woody debris. The total amount of annual soil surface CO2 efflux was estimated as 6.1 ± 2.9 t C ha−1 year−1, using a closed chamber method. The estimated decomposition rate of soil organic matter, which subtracted annual root respiration from soil respiration, was 4.2 ± 3.1 t C ha−1 year−1. Biometric‐based net ecosystem production (NEP) in the pine forest was estimated at 2.9 ± 3.2 t C ha−1 year−1, with high uncertainty due mainly to the model estimation error of annual soil respiration and root respiration. The sequestered carbon being allocated in roughly equal amounts to living biomass (1.4 t C ha−1 year−1) and the non‐living C pool (1.5 t C ha−1 year−1). Our estimate of biometric‐based NEP was 25 % lower than the eddy covariance‐based NEP in this pine forest, due partly to the underestimation of NPP and difficulty of estimation of soil and root respiration in the pine forest on lava flows that have large heterogeneity of soil depth. However, our results indicate that the mature pine forest acted as a significant carbon sink even when established on lava flow with low nutrient content in immature soils, and that sequestration strength, both in biomass and in soil organic matter, is large.
A review on Relation Extraction with an eye on Portuguese
Authors: de Abreu Sandra Collovini , Bonamigo Tiago Luis , Vieira Renata
Published: July 2013

The task of Relation Extraction is one of the main challenges in Natural Language Processing. We present a review of the state-of-the-art for Relation Extraction in free texts, addressing the progress and difficulties of the area, and situating Portuguese in that frame. We discuss the different aspects related to this task, considering the main computational strategies, used resources, as well as the evaluation methods applied. We also give special attention to the literature for Portuguese tools, which need further progress. On the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey on Relation Extraction to include the state of the work done for Portuguese.
Feed My Sheep: An Analysis of the Black–White Biblical Academic Achievement Gap
Authors: Brackens Jonathan D.
Published: July 2013

Secular academic achievement gap analyses consistently hold that Blacks perform worse than their White counterparts. Although gaps are closing, significant variances remain; sadly, poor performance isn't limited to secular academics. Analysis of Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life's 2010 U.S. Religious Knowledge survey holds that although African-American Christians are more likely to attend church more frequently than other ethnicities, they are significantly more likely to know the least about the Bible. Unfortunately, the literature does not address the biblical racial achievement gap; we seek to correct this deficiency. We explored the extent of the Black–White biblical academic achievement gap and identified variables which exacerbate it. Linear regression analysis reveals that Blacks actualize a negative impact to biblical literacy engendered by their race: regardless of attendance frequency, the total number of questions answered correctly (μ = 4.337 out of 8) is reduced by 0.705. This impact is (a) not experienced by Whites and (b) larger than the church attendance benefit (0.228).
295 – Gender Differences in Determinants of Suicidal Ideation in French Speaking Community Living Older Adults in Canada
Authors: Vasiliadis H.-M. , Gagné S. , Préville M.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Determinants of suicidal ideation in females and males may differ in older adults.

Objectives:

To ascertain gender specific determinants of suicidal ideation.

Methods:

Data used in this study was from the ESA survey on a large representative sample of community dwelling older adults (n=2494). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between suicidal ideation, mental health service and antidepressant use and a number of clinical and socio-demographic factors.

Results:

The prevalence of suicidal ideation reached 6.3%. The findings of this study show that the presence of suicidal ideation in females is associated with younger age, single or widowed status, the reporting of daily life stressors and chronic conditions as well as the presence of depression. In males, suicidal ideation is associated with older age, single or widowed status and depression. Furthermore, suicidal ideation is significantly associated with antidepressant use in females but not males and this after controlling for a number of clinical factors.

Conclusion:

Although no gender differences are observed between suicidal ideation and mental health service use, females with suicidal ideation are more likely to be dispensed antidepressants than males with suicidal ideation. The more prevalent use of antidepressants in females with suicidal ideation may lead to better management of symptoms related to depression and their consequences at an earlier stage of the disorder.
316 – The Study of Precedent Child Abuse's Relation with Misuse of Substances in Adulthood
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Rahim Zadeh Y. , Ahadi B. , Narimani M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Child abuse is one ofthe important problems all over the word.

Objectives:

The purpose of this research is study of the effect of child abuse on misuse of substances in adulthood.

Aim:

The examinees of this research are persons that were engaged to misuse of substances.

Methods:

The examinees that have conditions according to DSM-IV and international diagnostic interview (CLDL) organization of therapeutic services title of aim groups in individuals and groups form were selected. For normal study of scores distribution of Colomugro of Smirnouf for study of relationship between researches variables of Pearsonian and for comparison and for comparison between groups of Levins test analysis variance test.

Results:

The results of the investigation show that P < 0.036 and r= 0.617) in arrangement : affective child abuse: P< 0.029,r=0.669 neglect child abuse : P< 0.045 and r=0.587 physical child abuse: P< 0.022 and r=0.694 sexual child abuse P< 0.012 and r=0.797). Also the results of this research show that the relationship between child abuse and time of substances use was P< 0.043 and r= 0.555 in arrangement: affective child abuse : P< 0.046 and r=0/0521,neglect child abuse : P< 0.027 and r=0.681 physical child abuse, P< 0.041 and r=0.575 sexual child abuse : p< 0.032 and r=0.634 only between sexual child abuse and species of substances was meaningful (P< 0.000) in sum.

Conclusion:

The results of this research show that the existence of precedents child abuse is important cases that individuals in adulthood inclined to the addiction.
321 – Survey Relationship Between History of Child Abuse and Mental Health in Adulthood
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Kazemi R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Child abuse is important reason of children 's problems in the future.

Objectives:

Finding the origins of future problems in people's life is one of the our objects.

Aim:

The present study with aim predicted adult mental health based on experiences of child abuse during childhood was conducted.

Methods:

In this study 294 patients (164males and 130 females) students with sampling randomly and with using random numbers table were selected. To measure the variables of the questionnaires Goldberg general health (GHQ), Cooper smith self-esteem and Beck depression were used. Data analysis using person correlation test and multiple regressions were performed simultaneously.

Results:

Findings showed that there is significant relationship between histories of physical, emotional child abuse and neglected with mental health and adults with a history of Physical, emotional abuse and neglected in terms of mental health are much lower. between sexual abuse and mental health, there is no significant relationship and only emotional child abuse and neglect are able predict significantly mental health scores also showed there is no significant relationship and only emotional child abuse and neglect are able to significantly predict depression scores.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings of this study was found between physical emotional abuse neglect and anxiety there is significant relationship while between sexual child abuse with anxiety there is no significant relationship and just emotional child abuse is able to significantly predict anxiety scores. In sex factor results showed that there is significant relationship between mental health of male and female victims.
322 – Study Recurrence Causes of Mental Diseases Among Hospitalized Patients in Ardabil
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Sadeghi Movahhed F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Most of the hospitalized mental patients have background of past medical history.

Objectives:

Regarding the recurrence feature of the psychological diseases prevention and the causes of recurrence have gained a special importance.

Aim:

This prompted us to make a survey of the causes of the return of the psychological diseases.

Methods:

This retrospective study covered 200 cases that 100 of which gathered from men's ward and 100 of them from women. based on the cases the questionnaire including the demographic information nine main causes of return and 2 variables of the times of recurrent including up to 3 times recurrent and more than it were completed.

Results:

The patients under study were 36.5 years old in average from among 100 female patients. 42 cases suffered from schizophrenia 42%, 23 cases (23%) BMD,28cases 28% major depression and 7 cases 7% OCD. From among 100 male patients 50 cases 50% suffered from schizophrenia 22 cases 22% BMD, 18 cases 18% major depression and 10 cases 10% OCD.

Conclusion:

This study shows that men suffered from schizophrenia more than women suffered major depression more than men. the cause of the recurrence of diseases include avoiding to use drugs,unknown,divorce,economic problems, family problems, immigration, the death of a beloved one, abandoning, child, pregnancy. The percent of each has been different in different kinds of diseases but in both sexes avoiding the use of drugs has been the major cause of recurrence in mental diseases.
323 – The Study of Personality Components Style in Ordinary Women and Women Sacrificed by the Home Indelicacy
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Sadeghi Movahhed F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Women's Mental health has important section about their personalities.

Objectives:

We are comparing the personalities of women to each other in different conditions and jobs.

Aim:

The aim of this study is the comparison of attachment styles and personality sides between women who are victims of domestic violence and ordinary women.

Methods:

This research included all of them who had complained to family court at first 150 people were randomly studied amid mentioned community by domestic violence questionnaire that 50 people were selected as main annoyed ones were examined in terms of population variable for analysis of data descriptive statistics and k2 and multi-variable variance analysis were used.

Results:

Achievements expresses that there is a difference between annoyed and ordinary women in terms of attachments styles also it was unfolded that annoyed women vary with those who are ordinary in terms of characteristic sides and it means that annoyed women got higher marks than ordinary ones at aggression point of view and it is mentionable that the difference between 2 groups is significant.

Conclusion:

Accounts of unsafe attachments styles at annoyed women is one of the reasons which cause reluctant interaction in sexual affairs, then lessens loyalty and kindness levels in joint life and finally leads to disruptive behaviors as violence annoyed women with high aggression low desired level, lack of flexibility and low extrovert personality decrease enjoyment of joint life and satisfaction level in sexual life and with a continues contradictions justify the account of domestic violence.
326 – Survey of ADHD Prevalence among College Students Reside in Hostel of Ardabil Medical University
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Sadeghi Movahhed F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Attention Deficit - Hyper Activity Disorder.

(ADHD) is a heredity and psychological disorder that often continues to adulthood and causes great number of emotional, social, educationaland occupational problem for college students.

Objectives:

We think there is a meaningful relation between ADHD and people's jobs and conditions.

Aims:

The aim of this study isdetermine the prevalence of ADHD among students reside in hostel ofArdabil University of Medical Sciences.

Methods:

In this cross sectional study selected all studentsin hostel of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences and all of them fill theSelf reporting Conners ADHD questionnaires and the data wereextracted and analyzed with SPSS.

Results:

During this study the prevalence of ADHD is 8.6 percent, and themale gender shows more involvement rate than female and the involvedStudents show more incidences of smoking and psychotropic drugconsumption.

Conclusions:

According to the high prevalence of ADHD among collegeStudents, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD as soon as possible appearsis necessary.
331 – The „lord Jim” Syndrome
Authors: Pankiewicz P. , Szeluga J.
Published: July 2013

The authors present an original concept of a psychopathological disorder syndrome which leads a person burdened with it to depression-anxiety behavior and consequently even death. The model describing the disorder was taken from the novel by Joseph Conrad entitled “Lord Jim”. The main hero is a young officer in the merchant navy, the son of a pastor, who dreams of fame. When fate places him in a situation where he may make a name for himself, he behaves inversely to his own envisions, like a nefarious coward. The axial symptom of this syndrome is the presence in the thinking strategy of seeking for situations which will bring success in life. When such a situation occurs, what inevitably follows are decisions which lead to disaster. Then, there are intrusive self-destructive thoughts linked to the sense of lack of self-worth. Contrary to D. Owen’s “Hubris syndrome” recognized among politicians, the “Lord Jim” syndrome can occur in any occupational group. The knowledge of this psychopathological syndrome should be of importance when filling the decision-making positions and particularly in fields such as healthcare, military, police, transport and communication. According to the authors, the “Concordia” ferry catastrophe is an example of how often the “Lord Jim” syndrome is present in our lives. A person charged with this disorder, if not subjected to appropriate psychotherapy, will not be able to function correctly. The weight of previous traumas will increase the suffering and generate further traumatic experiences, leading in result to low quality of life and even death.
356 – Social Determinants of Decision on Nasal Plastic Surgery in Young Adults
Authors: Fararouei M. , Niknam M. , Kamkar A. , Mohammadi A. , Fooladi N.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

Cosmetic surgery in Iran is suggested to be the most common. The aim of this study was to determine the social factors affecting decision on undergoing nasal cosmic surgery.

Materials and methods:

100 participants were enrolled in this study (50 participants undergone nasal surgery and 50 controls who had no intention to apply for plastic surgery. Controls were selected among friends and relatives of the surgery group and were matched for sex, age (±1year), marital status, income and education (in the same category as surgery group).

A self administered questionnaire was used to measure social and family factors namely: having a car, having a house, father's job, mother's job, the participant birth order, out of marriage sexual contact, and number of sisters. Multivariate logistic was used to analysis the data.

Results:

Among the factors used in the final model only number of sisters shown a positive and significant association with application for nasal surgery (P = 0.019).

Conclusion:

Being adjusted for monthly income and no significant association with the participant's father's or mother's job (social class of the participants) may explain the high rate of cosmic surgery among Iranian population. While matched for sex, a direct and significant association between number of sisters of the participants and undergoing plastic surgery suggests the importance of family members and their gender in making decision on undergoing nasal cosmic surgery.
390 – Introduction of “modified Early Warning Score” (mews) to a Learning Disability Ward
Authors: Shaddel F.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Modified Early Warning Scores (MEWS) are now commonly used for the assessment of unwell patients in general hospitals. It can be used to quickly identify the deteriorating patients who need urgent intervention. The use of MEWS has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality and morbidity of patients who deteriorate slowly. Its use in mental health has not been thoroughly studied.

Methodology:

Standard MEWS form was reproduced and customized for using in psychiatric wards. A survey was conducted on level of confidence of Chiltern unit's nursing staff before and after introducing the MEWS form.

They were asked to make a decision about management of two standard case studies and rate their level of self confidence from 1 to 5 before and after using the form.

Results:

10 nursing staff band 5 and 6 took part in this study with wide range of experience from 6 months to 20 years (Average 9.7 years).

The average level of confidence before introducing MEWS was 3.65± 0.66 and rose to 4.6±0.5 afterward. The improvement in the level of confidence was statistically significant (P = 0.002).

The validity of decisions made by nursing staff about two cases rose from 45% before using the form to 100% afterward. The improvement in the validity of decision making after introduction of MEWS system was also statistically significant (P< 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Our study suggests promising potentials for improvement in patients’ safety and confidence of nursing staff by introducing MEWS system to in-patient psychiatric wards.
393 – The Effectiveness of Medical Student Well-being Workshop to Improve Medical Students’ Psychological Distress Symptoms
Authors: Yusoff M.S.B. , Esa A.R. , Noor S.H. , Yaacob M.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Many researchers have emphasized the importance of teaching stress management and self-care skills to medical students as they are vulnerable to develop psychological health problems.

Aims:

To explore potential effects of a 4-hour stress management intervention on medical students’ psychological health.

Objective:

To determine changes of psychological distress symptoms between the intervention and control groups.

Method:

A randomized controlled trial study was conducted in a medical school. Out of 500 medical students who were randomly invited to participate in this study, 171 medical students consented. They were randomly assigned into the study groups. Their psychological distress symptoms were measured by the DASS-21 at five different intervals. The Repeated Measure ANCOVA was performed to determine the effects of intervention.

Results:

A total of 153 medical students (intervention = 73 and control = 80) completed this study. There was a significant reduction of the symptoms among the intervention group at different intervals (p = 0.007). The intervention group experienced significantly lower psychological distress symptoms than the control group (p = 0.011). The effect size was -0.43, indicating the symptoms were significantly improved by 43% of a standard deviation as a result of the intervention. The effects were sustained for duration of 32 weeks post intervention.

Conclusion:

The results support the effectiveness of the brief intervention to improve psychological health of medical students. It is a promising intervention to be adopted by medical schools as it consumes minimal amount of time, money and man power as well as simple to be implemented.
398 – Effect of Massaging Infants on Mood Status of the Mothers
Authors: Raisi Z.
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of infant massage for 28 days after delivery on mothers’ mood status. Study participants were mothers who delivered their Infants at a hospital in shahrekord, Iran, and were recruited at the time of the routine 15–20 days postnatal visit to the pediatric office. 120 mothers were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. 60 mothers in the experimental group were examined before the first day of the baby massage, and 2 months after delivery. The psychological measurements used were profile of mood states. The result revealed that significant differences in the POMS score were seen in depression and vigor between the two groups at 2 months. Infant massage was found to positively affect the mood status of the mothers. We propose that midwives and other health-care professionals should recommend mothers to do infant massage to improve their own mood status.
402 – An Association Study on Children with Gilles de la Tourette’s Syndrome and COMT Gene Polymorphism
Authors: Weidong J. , Jinhua S. , Lanting G. , Aihua Y.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To investigate the association between catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene polymorphism and Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome (GTS).

Methods:

Using Amplification Refractory Mutation System(ARMS) PCR genotyping assay method, a polymorphism (val158met) of COMT gene was genotyped in 112 of all GTS patients including 54 GTS-alone patients, 48 GTS+ADHD patients among of them and 71 healthy controls. The correlation between positive association of polymorphism (val158met) of COMT gene in GTS and the age of onset in patients with GTS was also analyzed.

Results:

When compared with healthy controls, genotype of val158met did not differ in total GTS patients or alone- GTS patients (x2=0.56, P = 0.756; x2= 1.05, P = 0.600 respectively). There is also no significant difference (P>0.05) in allele distribution of val158met in total GTS patients or alone- GTS patients when respectively compared with controls (x2= 0.18, P = 0.669; x2= 0.29, P = 0.593 respectively). However, Genotype distribution of val158met was significantly different between GTS+ADHD patients and controls (x2=6.35, P = 0.041). The frequency of the val allele of this locus was significantly higher in GTS+ADHD patients than those in controls (x2= 5.49, P = 0.019).The age of onset in children with GTS having the val/val genotype of COMT gene val158met polymorphism were significantly earlier than no val/val genotype (P = 0.016).

Conclusion:

Polymorphism (val158met) of COMT gene may be associated with GTS children with comorbid ADHD, which may play an important role to make the age of onset in children with GTS become earlier.
405 – Population Risk Factors in Emergency/disaster Work
Authors: Anderson K.L. , Madrid P.
Published: July 2013

In order to most effectively work in post-disaster situations it is important to know which people are at greatest risk (Caldera et al., 2001) in order to implement treatment options to reduce the incidence of prolonged mental health adversity. The proposed presentation will discuss four groups within populations affected by disaster or conflict that present as the most vulnerable for mental health concerns. These are children, those with prior mental illness, women, and the elderly. We will provide examples of ways in which highlighting the needs and strengths of these vulnerable populations can lead to better outcomes for overall post-disaster recovery.

Primarily, due to a natural dependence on others, children are at particular risk (Belfer, 2006). Often with somatic complaints and regressive behaviours (Dogan-Ates, 2010), their internal state can be the most difficult to interpret. Similarly, for those with pre-existing mental health concerns, obtaining care post-disaster, equal to what is normally provided, can be problematic since the varying degrees of psychiatric facilities are often destroyed, leaving patients without protection, medication or social support (Silove, 2000). When addressed by mental health professionals post-disaster, intervention for these two groups can be complex.

Furthermore, as a consequence of an often invisible, but historical pre-existing gender inequality, which affects the vulnerability of women and girls (Meertens, 2010; Pavlish & Ho, 2009), this group become high risk for psychiatric instability. Their safety is paramount to recovery, as is the case of elderly persons whose declining health leaves them exposed to vulnerability and post-traumatic stress responses.
410 – Effectivenes of Positive Thinking Skills Training on Student’s Happiness
Authors: Mohammadi M. , Bani Adam L.
Published: July 2013

This study examines the effectiveness of positive thinking skills training on student’s happiness. In this study, using a twogroup experimental design, 30 female students from Sharif University were chosen. These subjects randomaly assigned two groups (each with 15 Ss.). Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was administered for both groups in pretest condition. The experimental group experienced an eoght session interrention on positive thinking skills training. Research findings revealed that the applied intervention significantly increased happiness and its components. In sum, the results emphasized the cognitive manipulation effects on subjective happiness.
418 – How Should a Psychiatrist Write to a GP?
Authors: Shaddel F. , Ghazirad M.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Quality and clarity of correspondence with other professionals and especially GPs have been always important. Nowadays when patients would receive a copy of our letters automatically, this has become even more sensitive and paramount.

Methodology:

A guideline and template were designed based on the best recommendations taken from available NHS policies, review of literature and interviewing six experienced psychiatry consultants in Oxford deanery.

Outcome:

– Decide about sending a copy of your letter to each patient individually. It is a clinical decision. Do not send a copy if this would mean compromising the information you need to give to GP. Situations like third party information, safeguarding issue, risk to therapeutic relationship and lastly, patient’s refusal to have a copy of letter

– Send a separate letter to the patient if your are directly asked in one of situations outlined above. This letter should be short and simple containing clear treatment plan.

– Letter to GP should be short (200-300 words) with simple language.

– Use a standard template for writing to GP. Template should have headings for “Reason for referral”, “Impression/diagnosis”, “Summary of findings”, “Prognosis”, “Risks”, “Information given to the patient”, “Detailed treatment plan”, “Name of care coordinator” and finally “Follow up details”.

Clinical implications:

Writing short, simple and clear letters would facilitate communication between psychiatrist and GP. This eventually will improve the quality of patient care. Using of a standard template, attending report writing courses and thoughtful deciding about sending a copy to each patient are greatly recommended.
423 – The Effects of Portulaca Oleracea L(Purslane) on Psychologic Symptoms of Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Parvin N. , Farzaneh S. , Rafiee Vardanjani L. , Goodarzi I. , Nikfarjam M.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Despite the availability of an ever-expanding range of typical and atypical antipsychotics, a substantial proportion of patients with schizophrenia show a partial or total lack of response to antipsychotic mono therapy. This study was done to evaluate the effect of purslane on psychologic symptoms of schizophrenic patients.

Materials and methods:

This randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 60 chronic schizophrenic patients in Sina hospital Shahrekord, Iran during 2011-12. Subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The control group received Risperidone up to 6mg/day and Biperiden 4mg/day for 8 weeks. The Patients in interventional group received 1gr extract of purslane daily with the same regimen for 8 weeks. The scales for assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS) and assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) were recorded in prior and 8th weeks. In addition, CRP and MDA level of patients were assessed in two stage of study.

Results:

At the end of study, the mean score of positive symptoms were 47.93±18.56 and 57.1±14.83 in intervention and control groups, respectively (P< 0.05), and the mean score of negative symptoms were 40.83±11.03 and 46.13± 9.34 (P< 0.05).The CRP levels of patients in intervention and control groups were .53±.55 and 1.72±.73 at 8 week respectively (P< .05) and the MDA levels were 3.25±1.25 and 5.43± 1.76 respectively (P< .05).

Conclusion:

According to findings of this study, the use of purslane as an adjunct to Respridone can improve psychological condition of chronic schizophrenic patients and decrease MDA and CRP levels of them.
432 – Designing and Implementation a Life Skills Training Program for Improving Social Competence and Academic Achievement of First Grade High School Girl Students in Tehran City
Authors: Khademi Ashkzari M. , Khademi Ashkzari E.
Published: July 2013

The aim of present research was to investigate the impact of life skills training program on the advancement of social competence and academic achievement of first grade high school girl students in Tehran city.

The sample of this experimental research consists of two groups of thirty students from 14 and 2 education zones of Tehran. Students were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The research tools used in this study were social competence questionnaire (r = 0.89) and 1st and 2nd term grade point averages, which were taken twice as the pre and post tests. Experimental group took part in 12 sessions of life skills training program (90 minutes each which consisted of: self awareness, decision making & problem solving, time management, control of aggression, assertiveness, coping with stress & interpersonal relationships).

Data was analyzed using covariance statistical test (ANCOVA). Results showed that experimental group benefited from life skills training program and their social competence and its components (cognitive, motivational, behavioral and emotional) improved significantly, but the impact on their academic achievement was not significant.