bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pleurocidin analogue with greater conformational flexibility, enhanced antimicrobial potency and in vivo therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Manzo Giorgia , Hind Charlotte K. , Ferguson Philip M. , Amison Richard T. , Hodgson-Casson Alice C. , Ciazynska Katarzyna A. , Weller Bethany J. , Clarke Maria , Lam Carolyn , Man Rico C. H. , Shaughnessy Blaze G. O’ , Clifford Melanie , Bui Tam T. , Drake Alex F. , Atkinson R. Andrew , Lam Jenny K. W. , Pitchford Simon C. , Page Clive P. , Phoenix David A. , Lorenz Christian D. , Sutton J. Mark , Mason A. James
Published: November 2020

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potential alternative to classical antibiotics that are yet to achieve a therapeutic breakthrough for treatment of systemic infections. The antibacterial potency of pleurocidin, an AMP from Winter Flounder, is linked to its ability to cross bacterial plasma membranes and seek intracellular targets while also causing membrane damage. Here we describe modification strategies that generate pleurocidin analogues with substantially improved, broad spectrum, antibacterial properties, which are effective in murine models of bacterial lung infection. Increasing peptide–lipid intermolecular hydrogen bonding capabilities enhances conformational flexibility, associated with membrane translocation, but also membrane damage and potency, most notably against Gram-positive bacteria. This negates their ability to metabolically adapt to the AMP threat. An analogue comprising d-amino acids was well tolerated at an intravenous dose of 15 mg/kg and similarly effective as vancomycin in reducing EMRSA-15 lung CFU. This highlights the therapeutic potential of systemically delivered, bactericidal AMPs.
Aberrant (pro)renin receptor expression induces genomic instability in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through upregulation of SMARCA5/SNF2H
Authors: Shibayama Yuki , Takahashi Kazuo , Yamaguchi Hisateru , Yasuda Jun , Yamazaki Daisuke , Rahman Asadur , Fujimori Takayuki , Fujisawa Yoshihide , Takai Shinji , Furukawa Toru , Nakagawa Tsutomu , Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Kobara Hideki , Wong Jing Hao , Masaki Tsutomu , Yuzawa Yukio , Kiyomoto Hideyasu , Yachida Shinichi , Fujimoto Akihiro , Nishiyama Akira
Published: November 2020

(Pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] has a role in various diseases, such as cardiovascular and renal disorders and cancer. Aberrant (P)RR expression is prevalent in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) which is the most common pancreatic cancer. Here we show whether aberrant expression of (P)RR directly leads to genomic instability in human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. (P)RR-expressing HPDE cells show obvious cellular atypia. Whole genome sequencing reveals that aberrant (P)RR expression induces large numbers of point mutations and structural variations at the genome level. A (P)RR-expressing cell population exhibits tumour-forming ability, showing both atypical nuclei characterised by distinctive nuclear bodies and chromosomal abnormalities. (P)RR overexpression upregulates SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF)-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 5 (SMARCA5) through a direct molecular interaction, which results in the failure of several genomic stability pathways. These data reveal that aberrant (P)RR expression contributes to the early carcinogenesis of PDAC.
Enhancing calmodulin binding to cardiac ryanodine receptor completely inhibits pressure-overload induced hypertrophic signaling
Authors: Kohno Michiaki , Kobayashi Shigeki , Yamamoto Takeshi , Yoshitomi Ryosuke , Kajii Toshiro , Fujii Shohei , Nakamura Yoshihide , Kato Takayoshi , Uchinoumi Hitoshi , Oda Tetsuro , Okuda Shinichi , Watanabe Kenji , Mizukami Yoichi , Yano Masafumi
Published: November 2020

Cardiac hypertrophy is a well-known major risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. However, the precise mechanism underlying cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive. Here, we investigate whether pressure-overload induced hypertrophy can be induced by destabilization of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) through calmodulin (CaM) dissociation and subsequent Ca2+ leakage, and whether it can be genetically rescued by enhancing the binding affinity of CaM to RyR2. In the very initial phase of pressure-overload induced cardiac hypertrophy, when cardiac contractile function is preserved, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated RyR2 destabilization already occurs in association with relaxation dysfunction. Further, stabilizing RyR2 by enhancing the binding affinity of CaM to RyR2 completely inhibits hypertrophic signaling and improves survival. Our study uncovers a critical missing link between RyR2 destabilization and cardiac hypertrophy.
Cross-coupling of [11C]methyllithium for 11C-labelled PET tracer synthesis
Authors: Helbert Hugo , Antunes Ines Farinha , Luurtsema Gert , Szymanski Wiktor , Feringa Ben L. , Elsinga Philip H.
Published: November 2020

An efficient 11C-labelling method, using [11C]CH3Li for the labelling of a variety of PET-tracers via cross-coupling reaction is presented.
Conjugated crosslinks boost the conductivity and stability of a single crystalline metal–organic framework
Authors: Zhou Hua-Qun , He Yonghe , Hu Jie-Ying , Chung Lai-Hon , Gu Qinfen , Liao Wei-Ming , Zeller Matthias , Xu Zhengtao , He Jun
Published: November 2020

The “crossbreeding” of conductive polymers and porous crystals: homocoupling the thiophene side arms of a Zr(iv)-carboxylate net leads to enmeshed polythiophene threads, enhancing stability and electronic/ionic conductivity.
Accurate measurement of effective Li–Li scalar coupling constants: the NMR missing link for alkyllithium aggregates
Authors: Hedouin Matthieu , Harrison-Marchand Anne , Maddaluno Jacques , Oulyadi Hassan
Published: November 2020

Alkyllitium mixed aggregates: dynamics-free value of the 2JLi–Li as a simple access to various structural factors, including the dynamics, solvation and the steric hindrance of alkyl chains.
Pt@polydopamine nanoparticles as nanozymes for enhanced photodynamic and photothermal therapy
Authors: Cao Hongqian , Yang Yang , Liang Minghui , Ma Yuntian , Sun Nan , Gao Xibao , Li Junbai
Published: November 2020

Polydopamine nanoparticles were used to stabilize a nano-Pt catalyst to relieve tumor hypoxia for enhanced photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy.
Cocrystals of regorafenib with dicarboxylic acids: synthesis, characterization and property evaluation
Authors: Jia Jun-Long , Dai Xia-Lin , Che Hao-Jie , Li Meng-Ting , Zhuang Xiao-Mei , Lu Tong-Bu , Chen Jia-Mei
Published: November 2020

Three cocrystals of regorafenib were synthesized, and two of them demonstrate significantly improved solubility and tabletability without compromising physicochemical stability.
The dynamic and thermodynamic origin of dissipative chaos: chemical Lorenz system
Authors: Zhang Feng , Xu Liufang , Wang Jin
Published: November 2020

Dissipative chaotic dynamics and its onset/offset are determined by the intrinsic potential landscape and nonequilibrium probability flux flow.
Reversible structural transformation and redox properties of Cr-loaded iron oxide dendrites studied by in situ XANES spectroscopy
Authors: Matsui Hirosuke , Ishiguro Nozomu , Suzuki Youya , Wakamatsu Kouhei , Yamada Chiharu , Sato Kanako , Maejima Naoyuki , Uruga Tomoya , Tada Mizuki
Published: November 2020

Cr-Loaded iron oxide with a dendritic crystalline structure was synthesized and the reversible crystalline phase transition during redox cycling of the iron oxide was investigated.
Charge transfer induced by electronic state mixing in a symmetric X–Y–X-type multi-chromophore system
Authors: Kim Siin , Ahn Doo-Sik , Ahn Mina , Wee Kyung-Ryang , Choi Jungkweon , Ihee Hyotcherl
Published: November 2020

Py-Benz-Py exhibits unique photophysical properties attributable to the reduction of the energy gap between two electronic states by ESM, leading to ICT dynamics.
Conformer-specific VUV-MATI spectroscopy of methyl vinyl ketone: stabilities and cationic structures of the s-trans and s-cis conformers
Authors: Park Sung Man , Choi Jaehwan , Kim Hong Lae , Kwon Chan Ho
Published: November 2020

Methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), a volatile compound with photochemical activity, has received considerable attention in the fields of environmental chemistry and atmospheric chemistry.
A sustainable solvent system for processing CsPbBr3 films for solar cells via an anomalous sequential deposition route
Authors: Cao Xiaobing , Zhang Guoshuai , Cai Yifan , Jiang Long , Yang Weijia , Song Weidong , He Xin , Zeng Qingguang , Jia Yi , Wei Jinquan
Published: November 2020

Full covered CsPbBr3 films are prepared by using green solvents via an anomalous sequential deposition route.
The application potential of machine learning and genomics for understanding natural product diversity, chemistry, and therapeutic translatability
Authors: Prihoda David , Maritz Julia M. , Klempir Ondrej , Dzamba David , Woelk Christopher H. , Hazuda Daria J. , Bitton Danny A. , Hannigan Geoffrey D.
Published: November 2020

The natural product field continues to benefit from machine learning, both chemically and biologically. Together machine learning, genomics, and natural products have great potential for improving drug discovery and impacting human health.
A Rh(ii)/phosphoric acid co-catalyzed three-component reaction of diazo-ketones with alcohols and azonaphthalenes: access to indole derivatives via a formal [3 + 2]-cycloaddition
Authors: Yin Xinru , Xu Aimin , Hu Jidi , Bao Ming , Hu Wenhao , Qian Yu
Published: November 2020

Rh(ii)/Phosphoric Acid co-catalyzed muti-component annulation was well established as a new efficient route to construct 1-amino-indole derivatives via dearomatization/rearomatization/cyclization process with in situ formed oxonium ylide.
Investigating the impact of three-dimensional learning interventions on student understanding of structure–property relationships
Authors: M. Underwood Sonia , Kararo Alex T. , Gadia Gabriela
Published: November 2020

The ability to predict macroscopic properties using a compound's chemical structure is an essential idea for chemistry as well as other disciplines such as biology. In this study we investigate how different levels of interventions impact the components of students’ explanations (claims, evidence, and reasoning) of structure–property relationships, particularly related to boiling point trends. These interventions, aligned with Three-Dimensional Learning (3DL), were investigated with four different cohorts of students: Cohort 1 – a control group of students enrolled in an active learning general chemistry course; Cohort 2 – students enrolled in the same active learning general chemistry course but given Intervention 1 (a 3DL worksheet administered during class time); Cohort 3 – students enrolled in the same active learning general chemistry course but given Intervention 1 and Intervention 2 (a 3DL course exam question administered after instruction); and Cohort 4 – a reference group of students enrolled in a transformed active learning general chemistry curriculum in which 3DL is an essential feature and includes Intervention 1 and Intervention 2 as part of the curriculum. We found that Cohort 2 students (with the 3DL worksheet intervention) were more likely than the control group (Cohort 1) to correctly predict the compound with a higher boiling point as well as incorporate ideas of strength of intermolecular forces into their explanations of boiling point differences. When a 3DL exam question was given as a follow up to the 3DL worksheet, students in Cohort 3 were more likely than Cohorts 1 and 2 to correctly identify the claim. Further comparison showed that Cohort 4 (transformed general chemistry curriculum) were more likely than Cohorts 1–3 to also include the ideas of energy needed to overcome stronger forces for a more sophisticated explanation (50% of Cohort 4 students compared to 17–33% for Cohorts 1–3). In addition, 80% of Cohort 4 students were able to construct a correct representation of hydrogen bonding as a non-covalent interaction compared to 13–57% for the other three cohorts.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases in platelets, thrombosis and therapeutics
Authors: Ribes Agnès , Oprescu Antoine , Viaud Julien , Hnia Karim , Chicanne Gaëtan , Xuereb Jean-Marie , Severin Sonia , Gratacap Marie-Pierre , Payrastre Bernard
Published: November 2020

Our knowledge on the expression, regulation and roles of the different phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) in platelet signaling and functions has greatly expanded these last twenty years. Much progress has been made in understanding the roles and regulations of class I PI3Ks which produce the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). Selective pharmacological inhibitors and genetic approaches have allowed researchers to generate an impressive amount of data on the role of class I PI3Kα, β, δ and γ in platelet activation and in thrombosis. Furthermore, platelets do also express two class II PI3Ks (PI3KC2α and PI3KC2β), thought to generate PtdIns(3,4)P2 and PtdIns3P, and the sole class III PI3K (Vps34), known to synthesize PtdIns3P. Recent studies have started to reveal the importance of PI3KC2α and Vps34 in megakaryocytes and platelets, opening new perspective in our comprehension of platelet biology and thrombosis. In this review, we will summarize previous and recent advances on platelet PI3Ks isoforms. The implication of these kinases and their lipid products in fundamental platelet biological processes and thrombosis will be discussed. Finally, the relevance of developing potential antithrombotic strategies by targeting PI3Ks will be examined.
Patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells transfer mitochondria through tunneling nanotubes in tumor organoids
Authors: Pinto Giulia , Saenz-de-Santa-Maria Inés , Chastagner Patricia , Perthame Emeline , Delmas Caroline , Toulas Christine , Moyal-Jonathan-Cohen Elizabeth , Brou Christel , Zurzolo Chiara
Published: November 2020

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer and its relapse after surgery, chemo and radiotherapy appears to be led by GBM stem cells (GSCs). Also, tumor networking and intercellular communication play a major role in driving GBM therapy-resistance. Tunneling Nanotubes (TNTs), thin membranous open-ended channels connecting distant cells, have been observed in several types of cancer, where they emerge to drive a more malignant phenotype. Here, we investigated whether GBM cells are capable to intercommunicate by TNTs. Two GBM stem-like cells (GSLCs) were obtained from the external and infiltrative zone of one GBM from one patient. We show, for the first time, that both GSLCs, grown in classical 2D culture and in 3D-tumor organoids, formed functional TNTs which allowed mitochondria transfer. In the organoid model, recapitulative of several tumor's features, we observed the formation of a network between cells constituted of both Tumor Microtubes (TMs), previously observed in vivo, and TNTs. In addition, the two GSLCs exhibited different responses to irradiation in terms of TNT induction and mitochondria transfer, although the correlation with the disease progression and therapy-resistance needs to be further addressed. Thus, TNT-based communication is active in different GSLCs derived from the external tumoral areas associated to GBM relapse, and we propose that they participate together with TMs in tumor networking.
Ligustrazine inhibits the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells via regulating miR-211
Authors: Zhang Hairong , Ding Shichao , Xia Lei
Published: November 2020

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a commonly diagnosed female cancer. Ligustrazine (LSZ), a natural compound, has been reported to exert anti-cancer activity, although the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects are not clear. The present study investigated the impact of LSZ on cell proliferation and migration by regulating microRNA-211 (miR-211) expression using the human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cell lines. OC cells were treated with 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM LSZ, and quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to measure miR-211 levels in SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells with different treatment. Moreover, to further confirm the roles of miR-211 in LSZ induced anti-tumor effects, miR-211 expression was inhibited by transfection of miR-211 inhibitors in SK-OV-3 cells. Cell proliferation of transfected cells was evaluated using the CCK-8 and colony formation assay. The scratch assay was employed to assess cell migration and transwell assay was performed for evaluating the cell invasion. Protein levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were determined by Western blotting. We found that LSZ inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion ability of SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner; moreover, LSZ could significantly increase the expression of miR-211 in both SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3, and knockdown of miR-211 in SK-OV-3 cells partially abrogated the anti-tumor behavior of LSZ by promoting the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of SK-OV-3 cells. Thus, we found that LSZ can inhibit the proliferation and migration of OC cells via regulating miR-211. Our study suggests that LSZ might be a potential and effective treatment for OC.
Regulation of circGOLPH3 and its binding protein CBX7 on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Gong Lifeng , Tang Yu , Jiang Li , Tang Wei , Luo Shengjun
Published: November 2020

To clarify the mechanism of circGOLPH3 regulation on prostate cancer cells, we performed an overexpression and interference circGOLPH3 assay in prostate cancer cells PC-3 and then evaluated cellular viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by MTT, CCK8, Edu stain, TUNEL stain, and flow cytometry. Binding proteins of CircGOLPH3 were identified by RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The expressions of CircGOLPH3 and CBX7 were measured by qRT-PCR. The results showed that after overexpression of circGOLPH3, the proliferative capacity and the viability of PC-3cells were significantly improved, whereas apoptosis was inhibited. CircGOLPH3 could bind to the CBX7 protein that was highly expressed in the PC-3 cell. Additionally, a functional test on CBX7 showed that the CBX7 overexpression notably improved the proliferative capacity and the viability of PC-3 cells and decreased cellular apoptosis, which was consistent with the effects of circGOLPH3. The validated the present study that circGOLPH3 and its binding protein CBX7 can promote prostate cancer cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis.
Iron stores at birth in a full-term normal birth weight birth cohort with a low level of inflammation
Authors: Zhang Joy Y. , Wang Jing , Lu Qinsheng , Tan Meizhen , Wei Ru , Lash Gendie E.
Published: November 2020

Iron stores at birth are essential to meet iron needs during the first 4–6 months of life. The present study aimed to investigate iron stores in normal birth weight, healthy, term neonates. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from apparently normal singleton vaginal deliveries (n=854). Subjects were screened and excluded if C-reactive protein (CRP) > 5 mg/l or α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) > 1 g/l, preterm (<37 complete weeks), term < 2500g or term > 4000g. In total, 762 samples were included in the study. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin, and erythropoietin (EPO) were measured in umbilical cord blood samples; total body iron (TBI) (mg/kg) was calculated using sTfR and ferritin concentrations. A total of 19.8% newborns were iron deficient (ferritin 35 μg/l) and an additional 46.6% had insufficient iron stores (ferritin < 76 μg/l). There was a positive association between serum ferritin and sTfR, hepcidin, and EPO. Gestational age was positively associated with ferritin, sTfR, EPO, and hepcidin. In conclusion, we demonstrate a high prevalence of insufficient iron stores in a Chinese birth cohort. The value of cord sTfR and TBI in the assessment of iron status in the newborn is questionable, and reference ranges need to be established.
Caveolin-1, tetraspanin CD81 and flotillins in lymphocyte cell membrane organization, signaling and immunopathology
Authors: Schaffer Anna-Maria , Minguet Susana
Published: November 2020

The adaptive immune system relies on B and T lymphocytes to ensure a specific and long-lasting protection of an individual from a wide range of potential pathogenic hits. Lymphocytes are highly potent and efficient in eliminating pathogens. However, lymphocyte activation must be tightly regulated to prevent incorrect activity that could result in immunopathologies, such as autoimmune disorders or cancers. Comprehensive insight into the molecular events underlying lymphocyte activation is of enormous importance to better understand the function of the immune system. It provides the basis to design therapeutics to regulate lymphocyte activation in pathological scenarios. Most reported defects in immunopathologies affect the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This highlights the importance of these molecules, which control lymphocyte activation and homeostasis impacting lymphocyte tolerance to self, cytokine production and responses to infections. Most evidence for these defects comes from studies of disease models in genetically engineered mice. There is an increasing number of studies focusing on lymphocytes derived from patients which supports these findings. Many indirectly involved proteins are emerging as unexpected regulators of the immune system. In this mini-review, we focus in proteins that regulate plasma membrane (PM) compartmentalization and thereby impact the steady state and the activation of immunoreceptors, namely the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Some of these membrane proteins are shown to be involved in immune abnormalities; others, however, are not thoroughly investigated in the context of immune pathogenesis. We aim to highlight them and stimulate future research avenues.
Evaluation of small unmanned aerial system highway volume and speed‐sensing applications
Authors: Ryan Alyssa , Ai Chengbo , Knodler Michael , Fitzpatrick Cole
Published: November 2020

Small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) have been utilised in the transportation industry in recent years to decrease the cost of projects and tasks while increasing safety. This is due to their ability to capture aerial images with reduced effort and time. Recently, these devices have begun to be used for traffic monitoring, given their ability to capture video above a roadway. Combined with object‐tracking techniques, vehicle data such as speeds, volumes, and trajectories could be extracted, providing an opportunity to revolutionize traffic data collection techniques. There exists a need to improve upon origin–destination volume and speed data collection procedures through the development of a low‐cost methodology to capture detailed data that would allow for more accurate analysis. This study evaluates a methodology and measures the accuracy of volume and speed data collected through sUAS aerial imagery using object tracking techniques. Using the developed methodology, vehicle volumes were tracked at 93% accuracy, and vehicle speeds were recorded with a 6.6% relative error. While future improvements could be made on this methodology as technology advances, this study reveals a low‐cost solution to collect vehicle data which could improve the efficiency of transportation studies, and in turn, improve safety.
A new view of energetic particles from stream interaction regions observed by Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Schwadron N. A. , Joyce C. J. , Aly A. , Cohen C. M. S. , Desai M. I. , McComas D. J. , Niehof J. T. , Möbius E. , Lee M. , Bower J. , Bale S. , Case A. , Christian E. R. , Davis A. J. , de Wet W. , Goetz K. , Giacalone J. , Hill M. E. , Allen R. , Kasper J. C. , Korreck K. , Leske R. A. , Malandraki O. , Matthaeus W. H. , McNutt R. L. , Mewaldt R. A. , Mitchell D. G. , Pulupa M. , Rankin J. S. , Roelof E. C. , Stone E. C. , Szalay J. R. , Wiedenbeck M. E.
Published: November 2020

Early observations from the first orbit of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) show recurrent stream interaction regions that form close to the Sun. Energetic particle enhancements were observed on the 320th–326th day of the year 2018, which corresponds to ~1–7 days after the passage of the stream interface between faster and slower solar wind. Energetic particles stream into the inner heliosphere to the PSP spacecraft near 0.33 au (71 solar radii) where they are measured by the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS). The large 6-day time interval over which energetic particles are observed after the stream passage provides a unique perspective on the development of stream interactions within the heliosphere. The long duration of energetic particle enhancements suggests that particles stream in through the inner heliosphere more directly along magnetic field lines that form a sub-Parker spiral structure due to magnetic footpoint motion at the Sun and shearing of the magnetic field in the rarefaction region behind the stream interface. The strong build-up of energetic particle fluxes in the first 3 days after the passage of the stream interface indicates that suprathermal populations are enhanced near the interaction region through compression or other acceleration processes in addition to being diffusively accelerated. The early increases in energetic particle fluxes (in the first 3 days) in the formation of these events allows for the characterization of the acceleration associated with these suprathermal seed populations. Thus, we show that the time history of energetic particle fluxes observed by IS⊙IS provides a new view of particle acceleration at stream interaction regions throughout the inner heliosphere.
Experience in using anisotropic properties of composites in engineering the compressor impeller of a small-size gas turbine engine
Authors: Martynyuk L. A. , Bykov L. V. , Ezhov A. D. , Talalaeva P. I. , Afanasiev D. V.
Published: November 2020

The use of composite materials in modern aircraft and rocket engines is one of the most promising areas. Low density and high strength characteristics of composite materials are crucial when choosing a material for small-sized compressors. The main ability to bear the load of the composite material is provided by the reinforcing fibers of the filler. The greater the percentage of filler fibers has a particular orientation, the higher the strength and rigidity of the product in this direction. If the part is loaded with forces applied primarily in one or two directions, it makes sense to create a material with anisotropy of properties that will exactly match the applied loads. For example, the disk and blades of a centrifugal compressor operate under the action of centrifugal force and gas pressure. In this case, to manufacture a centrifugal compressor impeller from composite materials, it is only necessary to redistribute the fibers in the part space in such a way as to create an optimal anisotropy of properties. This article describes the procedure for selecting the optimal orientation of reinforcing fibers in the impeller of a centrifugal compressor of a small gas turbine engine.
Technique for the development of technological assembly tooling at the stage of product design
Authors: Kovalevich Mikhail , Shemonaeva Elena , Goncharov Alexey
Published: November 2020

The paper considers the solution of the problem of parallel design on the example of products of the aviation industry. A method for designing assembly technological equipment at the stage of conceptual design of a product is proposed. The scope of possible work, the relationship between the initial data and the scope of elaboration of the design of the assembly device are determined.
Trends in the development of technical level of the specialized flax harvesting machinery
Authors: Lavrov Aleksandr , Moskovskiy Maksim , Boiko Andrey , Malaya Elena , Ngia Dat Hoang
Published: November 2020

Production of domestic specialized flax harvesting machinery has almost completely stopped in Russia, and the technical level of available fleet machines is significantly concedes to foreign models in many indicators. The main indicators of the technical level have been predicted based on the analysis of the construction development of flax harvesting machine, main directions and achievements in agricultural machinery construction and related areas of equipment. Application of flax harvesting machine with this technical level will significantly improve energy efficiency in flax production.
A discrete epidemic model and a zigzag strategy for curbing the Covid-19 outbreak and for lifting the lockdown
Authors: Boulmezaoud Tahar Z.
Published: November 2020

This study looks at the dynamics of a Covid-19 type epidemic with a dual purpose. The first objective is to propose a reliable temporal mathematical model, based on real data and integrating the course of illness. It is a daily discrete model with different delay times, and whose parameters are calibrated from the main indicators of the epidemic. The model can be broken down in two decoupled versions: a mortality-mortality version, which can be used with the data on the number of deaths, and an infection-infection version to be used when reliable estimates of infection rate are available. The model allows to describe realistically the evolution of the main markers of the epidemic. In addition, in terms of deaths and occupied ICU beds, the model is not very sensitive to the current uncertainties about IFR. The second objective is to study several original scenarios for the epidemic’s evolution, especially after the period of strict lockdown. A coherent strategy is therefore proposed to contain the outbreak and exit lockdown, without going into the risky herd immunity approach. This strategy, calledzigzag strategy, is based on a classification of the interventions into four lanes, distinguished by a marker called the daily reproduction number. The model and strategy in question are flexible and easily adaptable to new developments such as mass screenings or infection surveys. They can also be used at different geographical scales (local, regional or national).
Multiparametrische quantitative Magnetresonanztomografie bei Lebererkrankungen
Authors: Haimerl Michael , Stroszczynski Christian , Senk Karin
Published: November 2020

Die MRT wird routinemäßig bei Patienten mit einer Erkrankung der Leber zum Ausschluss oder zur Verlaufskontrolle einer strukturellen Parenchymveränderung eingesetzt. Durch spezielle MRT-Sequenzen und -Techniken lassen sich Eigenschaften der Leber bezüglich Funktion, Fibrosestadium, Fett- und Eisengehalt quantifizieren. Die MRT hilft sowohl bei der ersten Diagnostik eines Krankheitsbildes als auch bei der Überprüfung des Therapieansprechens.
Risk of a post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer diagnosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Schønfeldt Troelsen Frederikke , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Pedersen Lars , Erichsen Rune
Published: November 2020

Background Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers (PCCRCs) may account for up to 50 % of all colorectal cancers (CRCs) diagnosed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This may reflect a high colonoscopy frequency; however, evidence remains limited.

Methods We conducted a cohort study of IBD and non-IBD patients undergoing colonoscopy. We calculated cumulative incidence proportions (CIPs) of PCCRC at 7–36 months after first-time and subsequent colonoscopies. We also computed crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of PCCRC, comparing IBD with non-IBD patients undergoing first-time and subsequent colonoscopies. Separate analyses were conducted for consecutive colonoscopies. We calculated 3-year rates of PCCRC to estimate the proportion of IBD and non-IBD CRC patients experiencing PCCRC.

Results We observed 138 and 1909 PCCRCs among 34 688 IBD and 358 217 non-IBD patients who underwent colonoscopy. The CIP of PCCRC after first-time colonoscopy was 0.21 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.17 %–0.27 %) for IBD patients and 0.37 % (95 %CI 0.35 %–0.39 %) for non-IBD patients. The adjusted HR of PCCRC after a first-time colonoscopy was 0.96 (95 %CI 0.75–1.22) and the adjusted HRs after subsequent colonoscopies had point estimates around 1.0. The 3-year PCCRC rate was 24.3 % (95 %CI 20.4 %–28.7 %) for IBD and 7.5 % (95 %CI 7.2 %–7.8 %) for non-IBD patients.

Conclusions Although PCCRCs accounted for a substantial proportion of all IBD-related CRCs, IBD patients had a low CIP of PCCRC. The elevated 3-year PCCRC rates may, among other factors, stem from the increased colonoscopy frequency in IBD patients.
Far Lateral Approach for Disconnection of Craniocervical Junction Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Presented with Myelopathy and Hydrocephalus
Authors: Lam Siu Kei Samuel , Chu Sai Lok , Yuen Shing Chau , Yam Kwong Yui
Published: November 2020

We report a case of craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) presented with myelopathy and normal pressure hydrocephalus, and was treated with hybrid approach of embolization and surgical disconnection. A 68-year-old gentleman presented with 1 year history of unsteady gait and sphincter disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormally enlarged and tortuous vessels over right cerebellomedullary cistern. Digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) showed Cognard's type-V dAVF at craniocervical junction. Catheter embolization was performed via external carotid artery and finally surgical disconnection was done with far lateral approach (Fig. 1). Postoperative DSA showed no more arteriovenous shunting (Fig. 2). Clinically the patient improved after a course of rehabilitation. Dural AVF at craniocervical junction is rare and its clinical presentation can be highly variable from subarachnoid hemorrhage to brainstem dysfunction. Identification of the exact fistula site is essential in surgical planning. Surgery is effective and safe to achieve complete obliteration and good clinical outcome.1
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The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/xI48stSlWpY.
Nebulization of High-Dose Poractant Alfa in Newborn Piglets on Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Yields Therapeutic Lung Doses of Phospholipids
Authors: Nord Anders , Bianco Federico , Salomone Fabrizio , Ricci Francesca , Schlun Martin , Linner Rikard , Cunha-Goncalves Doris
Published: November 2020

Objective It is not known how much surfactant must be nebulized to reach a lung dose of phospholipids equivalent to that obtained by the instillation of 200 mg/kg of surfactant. We aimed to assess the feasibility of nebulizing a high-dose of poractant alfa with the eFlow-Neos investigational vibrating-membrane nebulizer in newborn piglets on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and to determine whether this intervention would yield therapeutic lung doses of phospholipids.

Study Design Twelve 1-day-old piglets on nCPAP received 600 mg/kg of poractant alfa admixed with technetium-99m via nebulization. Six piglets receiving 200 mg/kg of instilled synthetic surfactant served as controls. Lung deposition (percentage of the nominal dose) was determined by gamma scintigraphy, and the phospholipids' lung dose was calculated.

Results The lung dose of phospholipids (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) was 138 ± 96 mg/kg with nebulization, and 172 ± 24 mg/kg with instillation (p = 0.42). Nebulization took 58 ± 12 minutes. The arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased from 6.7 ± 1.1 to 7.2 ± 1.1 kPa during nebulization (p = 0.04). Cerebral oximetry remained stable, and there was no hemodynamic instability.

Conclusion Nebulization was well tolerated, and the mean lung dose of phospholipids was above 100 mg/kg, that is, not different from the instillation group. These experimental findings suggest that it may be feasible to reach therapeutic lung doses of phospholipids by surfactant nebulization during nCPAP.

Key Points
Reconceptualising specialisation: integrating refugee health in primary care
Authors: Sackey Donata , Jones Meryl , Farley Rebecca
Published: November 2020

People from a refugee background have significant unmet health needs including complex physical and psycho-social presentations. They can experience low trust, unfamiliarity with the health system and reliance on family and friends to access care. To address these needs, Australia has specialised refugee health services in each state and territory. The majority of these services transition patients to primary care, but this transition, although necessary, is difficult. Most primary care and specialised health professionals share a high degree of commitment to refugee patients; however, despite best efforts, there are gaps. More integrated health services can start to address gaps and promote continuity of care. A previous study has described 10 principles that are associated with successful integration; this paper references five of those principles (continuum of care, patient focus, geographic coverage, information systems and governance) to describe and map out the outcomes of an integrated model of care designed to deliver specialist refugee health in primary care. The Co-location Model is a partnership between a refugee health service, Primary Health Networks, a settlement agency and general practices. It has the potential to deliver benefits for patients, greater satisfaction for health professionals and gains for the health system.
A strong-field approach with realistic wave functions to the above-threshold ionization of Ba+
Authors: Böning B , Abele P , Paufler W , Fritzsche S
Published: November 2020

We study the above-threshold ionization of atoms in intense circularly polarized laser pulses. In order to compute photoelectron energy spectra, we apply the strong-field approximation with different models for the initial state wave function. Specifically, we compare the spectra for singly ionized Barium (Ba+) using hydrogenic wave functions and realistic one-particle wave functions obtained by multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock computations, respectively. As a particular example, we discuss the dependence of the photoelectron spectra on the magnetic quantum number m of the initial state and we reproduce the well known m-selectivity in strong-field ionization. Here, we show that the photoelectron spectra exhibit noticeable differences for the two models of the initial state and that the m-selectivity is enhanced when realistic wave functions are used. We conclude that the description of strong-field processes within the strong-field approximation will benefit from a realistic description of the initial atomic state.
Dependency of the structure of a water layer sandwiched by silicon carbide on shear speed and temperature
Authors: Lin Bin , Wei Chibin , Wang Anying , Zou Hongbo , Zhang Xiaofeng , Sui Tianyi , Yan Shuai
Published: November 2020

As a third-generation semiconductor, silicon carbide power devices are expected to be superior to those made of silicon because of their high voltage resistance, low loss, and high efficiency. So understanding the technology for polishing wafers of silicon carbide is important, which includes studying the structure of the liquid on the surface of silicon carbide. Using molecular dynamics based on Lennard-Jones field, the structure of a water film contained within two silicon carbide (〈001〉 and 〈110〉) walls was analyzed, and found that layers of water appear and change depending on the distance between the two walls. When a double-layer water structure forms, it is affected by the temperature and shear velocity. The conclusion is that when the temperature increases or the shear velocity increases, the double-layer water structure easily transforms into a single-layer water structure, and the pressure between the two solid surfaces gradually falls and may even become negative. This phenomenon significantly depends on the distance between the two silicon carbide walls.
Influence of the active TaN/ZrO
x
/Ni memristor layer oxygen content on forming and resistive switching behavior
Authors: Voronkovskii V A , Aliev V S , Gerasimova A K , Perevalov T V , Prosvirin I P , Islamov D R
Published: November 2020

The influence of oxygen content in active zirconium oxide layers on the electrophysical properties of TaN/ZrO
x
/Ni memristors is investigated. The [O]/[Zr] atomic ratio (x) in the oxide layers was varied in the range from 1.56 to 2.0 by changing the partial oxygen pressure during their deposition by ion-beam sputtering deposition. The ZrO
x
film compositions were analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory simulations. The multiple resistive switching phenomenon in TaN/ZrO
x
/Ni memristors was found to occur in a certain range of x ≥ 1.78. With the x value decreasing in the oxide layers, the forming voltage of memristors decreased. Furthermore, at the lower edge of x values the switchable range, they no longer required forming. At the same time, as the x value decreased, the memory window (I
ON/I
OFF ratio) also decreased from 5 to 1 order of magnitude due to an increase in the memristor conductivity in the high resistance state. In order to identify the underlying conduction mechanism of TaN/ZrO
x
/Ni memristors, their current–voltage curves in low and high resistance states were analyzed in the temperature range from 250 to 400 K for the samples with x = 1.78 (forming-free) and 1.97 (which required forming). It was found that, for both samples, the conductivity in the low-resistance state is characterized by the trap-free space-charge-limited current (SCLC) model, whereas the conductivity in the high-resistance state is characterized by the trap-mediated SCLC model. The possible origins of structural defects involved in the memristor conductivity and resistive switching are discussed based on the obtained results.
Rearch on the Development Strategy of Qinghai Clean Energy Demonstration Province
Authors: Li Nan , Zhang Haining , Wang Xingnan , Yan Qingyou , Zhu Jingyao , Qin Guangyu
Published: November 2020

With the new round of power system reform and the in-depth advancement of “Internet +” smart energy, the Qinghai Provincial Government has issued a series of related policies and studies on the major requirements of General Secretary Xi Jinping to “make Qinghai an important national new energy industry base”. The development strategy of Qinghai Province’s clean energy demonstration province has become a top priority. This article combines China’s new energy consumption kinetic energy, new models and new forms of energy industry development, summarizes the five bottlenecks in the development of Qinghai’s energy sector based on the actual situation in Qinghai Province, and explores the new energy consumption mechanism of Qinghai Province from four aspects combined with examples. It also puts forward five suggestions on energy policies that promote the development of new energy consumption models and new business forms in Qinghai.
Analysis of the Effect of an AC Three-phase Fault on the Commutation Failure of DC Transmission System
Authors: Yun Yuxin , Li Xing , Zhao Xiaoxiao
Published: November 2020

In AC/DC interconnected systems, the commutation failure of the DC system caused by the AC-side fault is one of the common faults of the inverter. According to the actual engineering parameters, a detailed model of ±660kV Yindong DC transmission project was built using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation tools, and at the same time, an equivalent model of Shandong power grid on the inverter side was also established using physical equivalence-based equivalent methods. On this basis, a simulation analysis was made on the operation of the Yindong DC system when there was a three-phase symmetrical fault in the AC system, providing a reliable reference for the safe and stable operation of the Yindong DC transmission system and other HVDC transmission projects.
Design of DAC for Fluxgate Based on PWM Rectifier
Authors: Li Yunyun , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Chenhao , Wang Xuhong
Published: November 2020

High temperature fluxgate sensor is one of the main sensors in rotary steering logging, which can obtain bit dip information by measuring geomagnetic direction. The use of Digital Analog Converter (DAC) to achieve a closed loop of the fluxgate can effectively improve the measurement accuracy, but the existing DAC chip cannot work in a high temperature environment underground. In order to solve this problem, a design scheme of PWM DAC is proposed. According to the performance index of DAC and the requirements of fluxgate application scenarios, the design points of PWM DAC are discussed, and the circuit implementation scheme is given. Secondly, based on the scheme, a 10 bit PWM DAC with 1 ms adjustment time and 0.5 LSB maximum output ripple is designed, which has passed the simulation and physical verification.
An Optimized Bat Algorithm Combining Local Search and Global Search
Authors: Li Chunting , Lian Zigang , Zhang Tipeng
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes an optimized Bat algorithm combining local search and global search to solve the problem of low accuracy of bat algorithm and easy to fall into local optimum in the later stage. The optimized Bat algorithm enhance the diversity of bat algorithm, improve the search accuracy and convergence speed of bat algorithm, And by solving a variety of different types of functions, it is proved that the optimized bat algorithm that combines local search and global search proposed in this paper is feasible.
Linear Instability Analysis of an Electrified Viscoelastic Liquid Sheet in Compressible Ambient Gas
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Gong Cuicui
Published: November 2020

The linear instability analysis of an electrified viscoelastic liquid sheet exposed to a compressible ambient gas in the presence of a transverse electric field is theoretically investigated. The dispersion relations for the sinuous and varicose mode are obtained. The combined effects of Mach number and Euler number on the instability of the liquid sheet are checked. Our results demonstrate that there is a critical Mach number, below which the growth rate increases and above which the growth rate decreases with the increase of the Mach number. A larger Euler number leads to a smaller critical Mach number. The maximum growth rate nearly stays constant for Mach number that is smaller than the critical Mach number at large Euler numbers. Besides, the electric field enhances the instability of charged electrified liquid sheets, and the maximum growth rate is a linear increasing function of the Euler number. Furthermore, the compressibility of the gas flow will weaken the effect of the electric field on the instability of liquid sheets.
Effect of Prefabricated Layer Structure on Properties of CZTS Thin Films and Solar Cells
Authors: Hao Wenbin , Li Jinze , Li Wei , Zhao Jiansheng , Chen Jianfeng
Published: November 2020

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films based on single-layer and double-layer prefabricated layer structure were prepared on substrates by two-step method. The influence of prefabricated layer structure on the surface morphology, element composition and photoelectric properties of CZTS thin film was studied. The crystal structure, surface morphology and composition of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The experimental results showed that the CZTS thin film with double-layer prefabricated structure had larger grain size, better crystallization and uniform distribution of film components than the CZTS thin film with single-layer prefabricated structure. The conversion efficiency of CZTS solar cells based on the double-layer prefabricated structure increased from 0.25% of the single-layer prefabricated structure to 3.05%. Therefore, the double-layer prefabricated structure CZTS thin film was more suitable as the absorption layer of CZTS thin film solar cells.