bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Euclid’s first year in space
Authors: Kuijken Koen
Published: November 2024

July 1st, 2023. Cape Canaveral. 11:11 am.

10..9..8..7..6..5..4..3..2..1.. LIFT-OFF!

Against a beautiful blue sky, the Falcon-9 rocket carrying our ‘baby’ streaks into the sky, 8 miles away from our vantage point. Almost one minute later the crackling sound of the rocket engines arrives. I manage to follow the disappearing rocket with my binoculars for two minutes, until the main engine cuts off. Half an hour later, on the big screen set up next to our bleachers full of colleagues and family at the Banana Creek viewing site, we see the upper stage rocket switch off and deliver its precious cargo into space. Soon after, ultrarelieved mission managers at ESA receive the first radio signals. We have a spacecraft, we have a mission!
Effect of FetO on viscosity and structure of Na2O3-B2O3-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag
Authors: Guo Junli , Zou Jin , Yu Huihui , Hu Kai , Hu Qiang
Published: November 2024

The effects of FetO on the characteristic melting temperature, viscosity, and structure of Na2O3-B2O3-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag were investigated. Understanding the viscous behavior and structure of borate slag containing FetO can guide the design of mold powders for copper alloy casting. The melting temperature (Th) suddenly increased and exceeded 800 °C when the FetO content increased from 15 to 23 wt%. The viscosity changed significantly with increasing FetO content when the temperature was below 1050 °C. The slag structure exhibited a boron–iron anomaly. The viscosity of the Na2O3-B2O3-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag gradually increased with increasing FetO content. When the content of FetO was low, sufficient oxygen in the slag promoted iron and boron to enter the network structure in the form of [FeO4] and [BO4], thereby reducing free oxygen and free [BO3]. As the FetO content exceeded a certain value, free oxygen decreased proportionally, and some iron ions existed in the form of [FeO6] with the network modifiers. Simultaneously, the amount of free [BO3] that is not bound to oxygen increased. Based on the optical basicity viscosity prediction model, the viscosity of borate slag with high iron content was predicted, and the M–O bond strength reflected by optical basicity was closer than the strength predicted for the network structure based on slag viscosity.
High genetic diversity of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in minks and raccoon dogs in northern China
Authors: Xue Nian-Yu , Li Zhong-Yuan , Wang Hai-Tao , Qin Ya , Li Xue-Min , Hou Qing-Yu , Jiang Jing , Yang Xing , Ni Hong-Bo
Published: November 2024

Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a zoonotic pathogen prevalent in both humans and animals, is the most frequently diagnosed microsporidian species in humans and presents significant public health risks. However, data on the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in farmed minks (Neovison vison) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in China are limited. Therefore, 275 minks (89 from Hebei Province, 57 from Heilongjiang Province, 109 from Liaoning Province, 20 from Shandong Province) and 235 raccoon dogs (114 from Hebei Province, 27 from Heilongjiang Province, 61 from Liaoning Province, 33 from Jilin Province) were examined for the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi through sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi was 18.6% (95/510), with 10.5% (29/275) in farmed minks and 28.1% (66/235) in raccoon dogs. Ten genotypes (CHN-F1, genotype D, Type IV, EbpC, NCF2, NCF5, NCF6, Peru8, Henan V, and MJ5) were identified in minks and raccoon dogs. This study is the first to detect the CHN-F1, NCF2, NCF6, Peru8, and Henan V genotypes in minks and the NCF5, NCF6, and MJ5 genotypes in raccoon dogs. Additionally, the D, Type IV, and Peru8 genotypes, previously identified in humans, were also found in minks and raccoon dogs, suggesting that these animals could be potential sources of human microsporidiosis. These findings expand the understanding of E. bieneusi’s host distribution in China and contribute to the prevention of zoonotic E. bieneusi infections among farmed animals.
Costs and benefits of a formal quality framework for colonoscopy: Economic evaluation
Authors: Pakneshan Sahar , Moy Naomi , O'Connor Sam , Hourigan Luke , Messmann Helmut , Shah Ayesha , Dulleck Uwe , Holtmann G.J.
Published: November 2024

Background and study aims Reduction of colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality is one of the primary objectives of colonoscopy. Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers (PCCRCs) are critical outcome parameters. Analysis of PCCRC rates can validate quality assurance measures in colonoscopy. We assessed the effectiveness of implementing a gastroenterologist-led quality framework that monitors key procedure quality indicators (i.e., bowel preparation quality, adenoma detection rates, or patient satisfaction) by comparing the PCCRC rate before and after implementation.

Patients and methods Individuals who had a colonoscopy between 2010 and 2017 at a single tertiary center in Queensland, Australia, were included and divided into two groups: baseline (2010–2014) and redesign phase (2015–2017). Data linkage of the state-wide cancer registry and hospital records enabled identification of subjects who developed colorectal cancers within 5 years of a negative colonoscopy. Costs associated with quality improvement were assessed for effectiveness.

Results A total of 19,383 individuals had a colonoscopy during the study period. Seventeen PCCRCs were detected. The PCCRC rate was 0.376 per 1,000 person-years and the average 5-year PCCRC risk ranged from 0.165% to 0.051%. The rate of PCCRCs was higher at the beginning (0.166%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15%-0.17%) compared with the later period with full implementation of quality control measures (0.027%; 95% CI 0.023%-0.03%). The quality process determined an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of -$5,670.53 per PCCRC avoided.

Conclusions This large cohort study demonstrated that a formal gastroenterologist-led quality assurance framework embedded into the routine operations of a clinical department not only reduces interval cancers but is also cost-effective regarding life years gained and quality-adjusted life years.
Whose reality is it anyway? The decline and fall of the common ground in public diplomacy
Authors: Manor Ilan
Published: November 2024

Public diplomacy scholars have argued that the strategic use of disinformation by nefarious states and non-state actors contributed to the decline of social media as a public diplomacy tool. Social media sites, once viewed as a tool to democratize and revolutionize diplomacy, are now viewed as a societal ill. Yet this article argues that many states contributed to this process. The reason being that digitalized public diplomacy activities shifted from online interactions to the creation and dissemination of mediated realities. As a result, social media became home to multiple and conflicting mediated realities while social media users began subscribing to very different depictions of reality, driving societal tensions. This article concludes by arguing that the study of digitalized public diplomacy must redefine public diplomacy as an attempt by diplomats and digital publics to reach an agreed upon definition of reality that they choose to act on. Moreover, it calls on scholars to conceptualize the middle ground as that place where diplomats and digital publics can express their different perceptions of reality and narrow gaps between conflicting perceptions of realities. This suggests that the practice of public diplomacy in the digital age should not focus on disseminating appealing narratives but on creating a shared definition of reality which is not divorced from other mediated realities such as the ones shared online by states, non-state actors and the media. Ultimately, public diplomacy in the digital age is a quest for meaning and collective sense making that can only emerge from open discourse.
Recent advances in multimodal skin-like wearable sensors
Authors: Wu Shuying , Sha Zhao , Wu Liao , Phan Hoang-Phuong , He Shuai , Tang Jianbo , Xu Jiangtao , Chu Dewei , Wang Chun H. , Peng Shuhua
Published: November 2024

Wearable sensors capable of simultaneous monitoring of multiple physiological markers have the potential to dramatically reduce healthcare cost through early detection of diseases and accelerating rehabilitation processes. These skin-like sensors can deliver significant benefits thanks to their ability to continuously track various physiological indicators over extended periods. However, due to the high sensitivities of soft sensors to multiple stimuli, decoupling the effects of various physical stimuli associated with accurately pinpointing the contributions of individual physiological markers remains a huge challenge. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in multifunctional, skin-like wearable sensors, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms of signal transduction, microengineering designs, and their diverse applications in both health monitoring and human–machine interactions. It elaborates on the operational principles of various wearable sensors, such as triboelectric, resistive, piezoelectric, and capacitive sensors, each uniquely adept at detecting a range of stimuli. This article also examines recent advances in conceptualizations and methodologies for isolating specific stimuli from the mix of multiple physiological signals. Furthermore, this review highlights potential applications of these multimodal skin-like wearable sensors. Finally, opportunities and challenges facing multimodal wearable sensors are also discussed, exploring their potential in wearable intelligent systems tailored for diverse applications.
Discovery of the Hailin impact crater in northeast
China
Authors: Yin Feng , Chen Ming , Yang Wenge , Mao Ho-kwang
Published: November 2024

A uniquely shaped impact structure, the Hailin impact crater, has been discovered in northeast China. The crater was formed on a granodiorite hillside and is an oval depression with asymmetric rim height and a maximum diameter of 1360 m. The bottom of the crater is filled by Quaternary sediments with large amounts of rock fragments underneath. The discovery of quartz planar deformation features in rock clasts on the crater floor provides diagnostic evidence for the impact origin of the structure. The shape of the crater is largely due to the impact having occurred on a ridge terrain. The impact event probably occurred in the late Cenozoic Era. The Hailin impact crater is the fourth confirmed Chinese impact crater.
Numerical simulation of integrated lacquer curtain with filing angle at curtain coater
Authors: Lin Kai , Zhan Jie-min , Li Yi-hua , Hu Wen-qing , Luo Ying-ying
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effects of filing angles at the slits of a curtain coater on the formation, stability, and thickness uniformity of integrated lacquer curtains. Using a novel micro-scale measurement technique, the filing angles were determined and subjected to numerical simulations and experimental validation. The analysis focuses on optimizing the curtain coater for critical-flow-rate conditions, with the 26.4° angle demonstrating significant advantages in enhancing curtain integration. This angle reduced the threshold flow rate for stable curtain formation, improving mass flow rate consistency and dynamic pressure while minimizing turbulence kinetic energy. Additionally, the 26.4° filing angle minimized thickness variations along the curtain, preventing gradient-induced breakups and enhancing uniformity. The results offer a theoretical foundation for improving curtain coating efficiency and quality in industrial applications. Experimental data corroborated the numerical predictions, confirming the reliability of the simulation model.
A complex mechanism translating variation of a simple genetic architecture into alternative life histories
Authors: Verta Jukka-Pekka , Moustakas-Verho Jacqueline E. , Donner Iikki , Frapin Morgane , Ruokolainen Annukka , Debes Paul V. , Erkinaro Jaakko , Primmer Craig R.
Published: November 2024

Understanding the processes that link genotype to phenotype is a central challenge in biology. Despite progress in discovering genes associated with ecologically relevant traits, a poor understanding of the processes and functions via which molecules mediate evolutionary differences leaves us critically far from linking proximate and ultimate causes of evolution. This knowledge gap is particularly large in multifaceted phenotypes of ecological relevance such as life histories where multiple traits covary and influence fitness. In Atlantic salmon (
Salmo salar
), variation in a key life-history trait, maturation age, is largely linked to the transcription cofactor
vestigial-like 3
(
vgll3
). Here, we show that despite this simple genetic architecture,
vgll3
genotype influences maturation age through a complex regulatory mechanism whereby it controls the expression of diverse pubertal signaling pathways. Using a multiomic approach in salmon testes, we show that the
vgll3
genotype conferring early maturity up-regulates key genes controlling androgen production, cellular energy and adiposity, and TGF-β signaling, thereby increasing the likelihood of earlier pubertal initiation. By mapping VGLL3 regulatory elements we further show its interaction with distinct transcription factors in a genotype-dependent manner, thus coordinating differential activation of regulatory pathways. This study reveals the proximate mechanisms through which a genetically simple association leads to functionally complex molecular differences in a spectrum of cellular traits, thus explaining the molecular basis of pleiotropy in a large-effect gene. Our results indicate that evolution in correlated phenotypes, as exemplified by alternative life history strategies, can be dictated by the function of major life-history genes.
CD4
+
T cells drive corneal nerve damage but not epitheliopathy in an acute aqueous-deficient dry eye model
Authors: Vereertbrugghen Alexia , Pizzano Manuela , Cernutto Agostina , Sabbione Florencia , Keitelman Irene A. , Aguilar Douglas Vera , Podhorzer Ariel , Fuentes Federico , Corral-Vázquez Celia , Guzmán Mauricio , Giordano Mirta N. , Trevani Analía , de Paiva Cintia S. , Galletti Jeremías G.
Published: November 2024

Dry eye disease (DED) is characterized by a dysfunctional tear film in which the corneal epithelium and its abundant nerves are affected by ocular desiccation and inflammation. Although adaptive immunity and specifically CD4
+
T cells play a role in DED pathogenesis, the exact contribution of these cells to corneal epithelial and neural damage remains undetermined. To address this, we explored the progression of a surgical DED model in wild-type (WT) and T cell-deficient mice. We observed that adaptive immune-deficient mice developed all aspects of DED comparably to WT mice except for the absence of functional and morphological corneal nerve changes, nerve damage-associated transcriptomic signature in the trigeminal ganglia, and sustained tear cytokine levels. Adoptive transfer of CD4
+
T cells from WT DED mice to T cell-deficient mice reproduced corneal nerve damage but not epitheliopathy. Conversely, T cell-deficient mice reconstituted solely with naïve CD4
+
T cells developed corneal nerve impairment and epitheliopathy upon DED induction, thus replicating the WT DED phenotype. Collectively, our data show that while corneal neuropathy is driven by CD4
+
T cells in DED, corneal epithelial damage develops independently of the adaptive immune response. These findings have implications for T cell-targeting therapies currently in use for DED.
CD2 expressing innate lymphoid and T cells are critical effectors of immunopathogenesis in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Pratap Kashyap Mahendra , Mishra Bharat , Sinha Rajesh , Jin Lin , Gou YiFei , Kumar Nilesh , Goliwas Kayla F. , Haque Safiya , Deshane Jessy , Berglund Erik , Berglund David , Elewski Boni E. , Elmets Craig A. , Athar Mohammad , Mukhtar M. Shahid , Raman Chander
Published: November 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating inflammatory skin disease with a poorly understood immunopathogenesis. Here, we report that HS lesional skin is characterized by the expansion of innate lymphocytes and T cells expressing CD2, an essential activation receptor and adhesion molecule. Lymphocytes expressing elevated CD2 predominated with unique spatial distribution throughout the epidermis and hypodermis in the HS lesion. CD2
+
cells were mainly innate lymphocytes expressing the NK cell marker, CD56, and CD4
+
T cells. Importantly, these CD2
+
cells interacted with CD58 (LFA3) expressing epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the hypodermis. Granzyme A
bright
NKT cells (CD2
+
CD3
+
CD56
bright
) clustered with α-SMA expressing fibroblasts juxtaposed to epithelialized tunnels and fibrotic regions of the hypodermis. Whereas NK cells (CD2
+
CD56
dim
) were perforin
+
, granzymes A
+
and B
+
, and enriched adjacent to hyperplastic follicular epidermis and tunnels of HS showing presence of apoptotic cells. The cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18, which enhance NK cell maturation and function were significantly elevated in HS. Ex vivo HS skin explant cultures treated with CD2:CD58 interaction-blocking anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody attenuated secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and suppressed inflammatory gene signature. Additionally, CD2:CD58 blockade altered miRNAs involved in NK/NKT differentiation and/or function. In summary, we show that a cellular network of heterogenous NKT and NK cell populations drives inflammation and is critical in the pathobiology of HS, including tunnel formation and fibrosis. Finally, CD2 blockade is a viable immunotherapeutic approach for the effective management of HS.
The mechanism of allosteric regulation of calcium-independent phospholipase A
2
by ATP and calmodulin binding to the ankyrin domain
Authors: Mouchlis Varnavas D. , Hsu Yuan-Hao , Hayashi Daiki , Cao Jian , Li Sheng , McCammon J. Andrew , Dennis Edward A.
Published: November 2024

Group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A
2
(iPLA
2
) is a member of the PLA
2
superfamily that exhibits calcium-independent activity in contrast to the other two major types, secreted phospholipase A
2
(sPLA
2
) and cytosolic phospholipase A
2
(cPLA
2
), which both require calcium for their enzymatic activity. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been reported to allosterically activate iPLA
2
, and this has now been verified with a lipidomics-based mixed-micelle assay, but its mechanism of action has been unknown. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) was employed to identify ATP interaction peptide regions located within the ankyrin repeat domain at which ATP interacts. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the mechanism by which ATP binds to its site and the main residues that interact. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to verify the importance of these residues in the role of ATP in regulating iPLA
2
activity. Importantly, calcium was found to abolish the enhancing regulatory function of ATP and to promote the inhibitory activity by calmodulin. Given previous evidence that calcium does not bind directly to iPLA
2
, its effect appears to be indirect via association with ATP and/or calmodulin. Using HDX-MS, we found that calmodulin interacts with the N terminus peptide region of iPLA
2
consisting of residues 20 to 28. These two regulatory iPLA
2
sites open the road to the development of potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Understanding the puzzle of angular momentum conservation in beta decay and related processes
Authors: Baym Gordon , Peng Jen-Chieh , Pethick C. J.
Published: November 2024

We ask the question of how angular momentum is conserved in electroweak interaction processes. To introduce the problem with a minimum of mathematics, we first raise the same issue in elastic scattering of a circularly polarized photon by an atom, where the scattered photon has a different spin direction than the original photon, and note its presence in scattering of a fully relativistic spin-1/2 particle by a central potential. We then consider inverse beta decay in which an electron is emitted following the capture of a neutrino on a nucleus. While both the incident neutrino and final electron spins are antiparallel to their momenta, the final spin is in a different direction than that of the neutrino—an apparent change of angular momentum. However, prior to measurement of the final particle, in all these cases angular momentum is indeed conserved. The apparent nonconservation of angular momentum arises in the quantum measurement process in which the measuring apparatus does not have an initially well-defined angular momentum, but is localized in the outside world. We generalize the discussion to massive neutrinos and electrons, and examine nuclear beta decay and electron-positron annihilation processes through the same lens, enabling physically transparent derivations of angular and helicity distributions in these reactions.
1.2.7. Italian traditions
Authors: Italia Paola
Published: November 2024

The history of genetic criticism in the Italian tradition starts with Humanism, and from Francesco Petrarch’s “Codice degli Abbozzi” (fourteenth century). This chapter traces the framework of this tradition, highlighting how, with the simple but revolutionary gesture of leaving even the ugliest copies of his own masterpieces – the so-called “scartafacci” – to posterity, Petrarch created a model of an intellectual, a champion of classicism, the “style to be imitated”. Petrarch’s model left a trace of the toil of writing, the labor limae, which is considered the secret of style. From Machiavelli to Guicciardini, from Ariosto to Tasso, the “authorial function” has delivered a model of conservation and philology. After the triumph of the “scartafacci”, two exemplary nineteenth-century cases (Manzoni and Leopardi) will be discussed, as well as the twentieth-century text production, in which the study of manuscripts, tormented by countless revisions, reveals a possible “grammar of corrections” and is flanked by crucial problems of authorship.
1.2.9. Postcolonial traditions
Authors: Douglas Rachel
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses literary drafts in the context of postcolonial endangered archival situations. My aim is to examine how certain archival situations, particularly across the Caribbean region, have impacted writers’ creative processes, leading to a significant tradition of published books, which have a distinctive manuscriptesque aura. What will become clear is that these postcolonial writers and their works purposefully straddle and disrupt the old spatial boundaries separating Caribbean islands from one another, and from Europe, and North America. This chapter looks at comparative genetic criticism through a decolonial Caribbean lens. Such a comparative approach to postcolonial literary drafts from the region is apt because the Caribbean space remains balkanised along old colonial linguistic lines to this day.
1.4.2. Drama
Authors: Cassiers Edith
Published: November 2024

Theatre is often defined by its ephemerality, its fundamental presence in the here and now. Can we circumvent performance’s immediacy and study theatre through the genetic documents of its creative process? How are drama drafts related to other literary drafts? Can we use the same methodological techniques to study drama and literary drafts? In this chapter, I will first suggest a new definition for drama drafts and discuss the theoretical domain of genetic criticism as an analytical tool. In the second part, I will explain the differences between dramatic and other literary drafts, and connect them to the challenges of genetic criticism as research methodology. In the third and final part, I will propose an alternative genetic research model on the basis of the directing book as drama draft.
1.4.4. Kleine Prosa
Authors: Göttsche Dirk
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the poetics of the draft in the transgeneric field of modern small prose forms from the aphoristic “fragments” of the Romantic period, through the prose sketches and prose poems of the nineteenth century, to microfiction (flash fiction), emblematic short prose, literary notes (Aufzeichnungen) and digital formats in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The German notion of Kleine Prosa, which moves beyond the narrow focus on narrative forms in the English term “short prose”, provides the conceptual framework. The chapter foregrounds German literature but also considers other European-language literatures in comparative perspective. The point of departure is the overlap between the poetics of these modernist short forms – which undercut established genre patterns, experiment with innovative modes of writing and invite reader participation in the construction of meaning – and the history of the draft, note-taking, rewriting in modern literary practice since the eighteenth century.
1.5.1. Textual fluidity
Authors: Bryant John
Published: November 2024

Grounding biography and literary history in the phenomena of writing requires a theory of textual fluidity that unifies authorised and adapted versions. Such theorizing should also account for the anxieties of historicism in matters of textual evolution (Henry Adams) and of source appropriation as “replay” (Claude Monet). Melville’s late “adaptive revision” of William James’s naval history and of his own recollected biographical events in his writing of Billy Budd constitutes an alternative historicism that enhances his “inside narrative” voice. Tracing adaptive revision from these personal and literary appropriations in Billy Budd to adaptations in translation and film versions of Moby-Dick expands the biographical scope of Melville’s writing as a modern phenomenon. The full range of adaptive revision is best represented in digital editing with a highly atomised database such as OCHRE that can accommodate asymmetric collation, revision sequencing and narration, and the interoperability of online editions.
2.2.2. Models for genetic criticism
Authors: Ferrer Daniel
Published: November 2024

Genetic critics are faced with what scientists call an inverse problem: starting from the observed effects (the final work and all the available traces left in the course of the labour of creation), they want to reconstruct the process that produced these effects. The solution of such problems generally involves the production of models and their subsequent adjustment to the empirical data. More generally, models are used to provide us with a simplified representation of reality whenever the data is too rich and the factors involved are too complex to be directly apprehended. In our field, models can hardly be mathematical formulae governing sets of identified parameters; they are more likely to be analogies that help us to grasp the peculiar logic that is at work in the creative process. Some of these models are implicit in the work of genetic critics: it is preferable to make them explicit so as to be conscious of their limitations.
2.3.2. Television
Authors: Bignell Jonathan
Published: November 2024

A focus on the details of how TV drama scripts were commissioned, edited and realised offers insight into the relationships between writers and television institutions. This study of the early years of the BBC’s popular science fiction series Doctor Who is based on archival documents from the 1960s and shows how the role of the screenwriter was negotiated in relation to the opportunities and constraints of format, genre, cost and intended audience, at a time of rapid and dynamic change in British television culture. The decisions about screenwriting analysed in this chapter affected how Doctor Who developed in the 60 years that followed, and also impacted how the BBC thought about its cultural and social mission of Public Service Broadcasting.
From affirmation to concession
Authors: Long Haiping , Zhou Weihua
Published: November 2024

The Modern Chinese concessive connective kě shì (e.g., kàn shàngqù bù zěnmeyàng, kě
shì chī qǐlái què tǐng bùcuò [‘it looks not so good, but it tastes quite good’]) did not
develop from a clause-initial emphatic kě shì structure that has a pragmatic counter expectation meaning (e.g.,

kě shì tā shuōde [‘it was really she who said it’]), but from an affirmative
response marker kě shì in Early Modern Chinese (e.g.,
kě shì ne, míng’er nǐ sòngwǒ
shénme? [‘quite right, what do you send me as gifts tomorrow?’]). Shì in the connective
did not develop from a copula shì, but from an adjective shì meaning ‘right, true’ (e.g.,
rán, shì yě [‘right, it’s true’]). The hypothesised pathway may be explained as the
grammaticalisation of an affirmative response marker used in the context of token agreement, and may be adopted to account for the
formation of an Old Chinese concessive connective rán (e.g.,
rán Zhèng wáng, zǐ yì yǒu bùlì
yān [‘but if Zheng State perishes, it serves you no good, either’]). It gives support to an
extra-clausal source for the formation of a sentence connective.
Mentoring task-based language teaching as an innovation in an Indonesian secondary school
Authors: Ariatna  , Ellis Rod
Published: November 2024

This article seeks to address a lack of research documenting how mentoring can help teachers to introduce TBLT in an Asian context. We report a whole semester project in an Indonesian secondary school where a mentor (an experienced teacher-educator) worked with a teacher, who was used to a structural approach, to introduce task-based language teaching (TBLT) into his classroom. We describe how the mentoring was set up and carried out to pre-empt problems that evaluation studies have shown can arise with TBLT. To evaluate to what extent the mentoring was successful, we conducted a case study employing qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, examining the extent to which the mentoring enabled the teacher to implement TBLT and whether the TBLT resulted in greater learning than in a traditional, structural-oriented classroom. The main findings were that the teacher was successful in transitioning to TBLT as evidenced in his ability to design his own tasks and by the kinds of questions he asked, the strategic use of the learners’ L1 and focus-on-form during the performance of the tasks (i.e., the kinds of interactional features fundamental to TBLT). Another finding was that the learners in the TBLT class also demonstrated greater language development than a comparable structural-oriented class. We utilize the evidence collected from the teacher’s implementation of TBLT to discuss the mentoring that took place and to identify ways of improving it.
The historical development of asymmetries
Authors: Koenig Ekkehard
Published: November 2024

The structuring and encoding of space through language, the shape of the linguistic inventories found in
individual languages, as well as the symmetries and asymmetries manifested by such systems have received a great deal of attention
during the last four decades. The vast majority of the relevant studies adopted a purely synchronic perspective and diachronic
studies of the relevant phenomena are rare. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this discussion by analyzing the historical
development of directional demonstratives in Germanic languages, the structure of the relevant systems at different stages, the
reduction and loss of oppositions and the resultant creation of asymmetries. The results of the descriptions will be examined and
evaluated from a comparative and typological perspective.
Effects of experience and directionality on cognitive load in dialogue interpreting
Authors: Adler Aleksandra
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of interpreter experience and interpreting direction on cognitive load of dialogue interpreters. The study was conducted on two groups of interpreters (experienced and inexperienced) during a simulated interpreter-mediated encounter and cognitive load was operationalized with disfluency durations, and disfluency counts. The data suggest that both experience and directionality modulate cognitive load in dialogue interpreters. All participants manifested an increase in cognitive load while interpreting into their weaker language (L2), which suggest that directionality had an effect on cognitive load of dialogue interpreters. The results also suggest that inexperienced interpreters are likely to exhibit higher cognitive load compared to experienced interpreters. The study underscores the significance of experience and directionality in understanding the cognitive demands faced by dialogue interpreters, contributing valuable insights to research on interpreting and cognitive load.
Consistent theories for the DESI dark energy fit
Authors: Notari Alessio , Redi Michele , Tesi Andrea
Published: November 2024

We search for physically consistent realizations of evolving dark energy suggested by the
cosmological fit of DESI, Planck and Supernovae data. First we note that any lagrangian
description of the standard Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization for the dark energy
equation of state w, allows for the addition of a cosmological constant. We perform the
cosmological fit finding new regions of parameter space that however continue to favour dark
energy with w < -1 at early times, that is challenging to realize in consistent theories. Next,
in the spirit of effective field theories, we consider the effect of higher order terms in the
Taylor expansion of the equation of state of dark energy around the present epoch. We find that
non-linear corrections of the equation of state are weakly constrained, thus opening the way to
scenarios that differ from CPL at early times, possibly with w > -1 at all times. We present
indeed scenarios where evolving dark energy can be realized through quintessence models. We
introduce in particular the ramp model where dark energy coincides with CPL at late times and
approximates to a cosmological constant at early times. The latter model provides a much better
fit than ΛCDM, and only slightly worse than w
0
w

a
CDM, but with the notable advantage of
being described by a simple and theoretically consistent lagrangian of a canonical quintessence model.
Multiparty semi-quantum key agreement protocol based on multiparticle entangled states
Authors: Hong Wan-li , Bai Chen-ming , Zhang Su-juan , Liu Lu
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we study the properties of a set of quantum states. Based on these properties, we propose a multiparty semi-quantum key agreement (MSQKA) protocol. For the sake of clarity, we provide a three-party example to illustrate the protocol. Through rigorous security analysis, it is demonstrated that the proposed protocol can resist both inside attacks and outside attacks, which include Trojan horse attacks, measure-resend attacks, entangle-measure attacks and collective attacks. Besides, the proposed protocol achieves fairness among participants. Finally, we compare our protocol with other SQKA protocols. Compared to previous three-party and MSQKA protocols, our proposed protocol involves more classical parties, needs no external assistance and achieves relatively high key generation efficiency.
Tilting the odds at the lottery: the interplay of overparameterisation and curricula in neural networks*
Authors: Sarao Mannelli Stefano , Ivashynka Yaraslau , Saxe Andrew , Saglietti Luca
Published: November 2024

A wide range of empirical and theoretical works have shown that overparameterisation can amplify the performance of neural networks. According to the lottery ticket hypothesis, overparameterised networks have an increased chance of containing a sub-network that is well-initialised to solve the task at hand. A more parsimonious approach, inspired by animal learning, consists in guiding the learner towards solving the task by curating the order of the examples, i.e.  providing a curriculum. However, this learning strategy seems to be hardly beneficial in deep learning applications. In this work, we undertake an analytical study that connects curriculum learning and overparameterisation. In particular, we investigate their interplay in the online learning setting for a 2-layer network in the XOR-like Gaussian Mixture problem. Our results show that a high degree of overparameterisation—while simplifying the problem—can limit the benefit from curricula, providing a theoretical account of the ineffectiveness of curricula in deep learning.
An Inertial-relaxed Conjugate Gradient Algorithm Based on the Mathematical Model of Rural Pipeline Network in Image-restoration
Authors: Yan Gang , Yuan Gonglin , Tang Jiahuan
Published: November 2024

As time progresses, the complexity of nonlinear systems continues to escalate, presenting significant challenges in problem-solving, particularly with increasing dimensions. To address this challenge, based on solving nonlinear equation systems, we propose an inertial-relaxed modified NLS (N Liu-Storey) CG(conjugate gradient) method tailored for image restoration. By employing inertial acceleration technique and a modified secant equation, this method presents a novel approach to image restoration. The search direction of algorithm integrates sufficient descent and trust region feature, incorporating gradient, modified convex combination, and function value, thereby enhancing adaptability and global convergence. Numerical experiments substantiate the efficacy of this algorithm in image restoration tasks. Through the equilibrium of local and global search dynamics via inertial acceleration technique and modified secant equations, this method expedites convergence and enhances solution accuracy. Its versatility enables robust performance across various image restoration scenarios, underscoring its potential as a valuable tool in solving nonlinear equation systems and optimization.
Gap Junctions in Different Neuronal Groups Exert Different Effects on Sharp Wave-ripples of a Neuronal Network in CA1
Authors: Yang Xinyuan , Sun Xiaojuan
Published: November 2024

Gap junctions are indispensable for achieving brain functions. The direct coupling between neurons connected by gap junctions may contribute to synchronization of neuronal firing and emergence of sharp wave-ripples(SWR), which affect brain functions such as memory consolidation. However, considering the heterogeneity of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, it is not quite clear whether gap junctions have the same effect on the emergence of SWR in network activity in different neuron types. In order to explore the above problems, we constructed a neuronal network located in CA1 region of hippocampus, which contains excitatory pyramidal cells, PV+BCs and axo-axonic cells. Taking into account diverse connections between neurons and properties of neurons, we investigated effects of gap junctions on SWR in different kinds of neuronal populations in the constructed network with chemical synaptic connections by neurodynamical modeling. Numerical results show that gap junctions within pyramidal neurons and PV+BCs promote the emergence of SWR, whereas gap junctions within axo-axonic cells suppress it. At the same time, it is revealed that gap junctions in axo-axonic cells play a dominant role in modulating SWR. We hope that these findings provide some inspiration for studies on neuronal heterogeneity and the enhancement of synchronicity of oscillations by gap junctions.
Direct Meshless Method for Stable Seepage Flow Calculation
Authors: Li Jiale , Zhang Zhongliang , Mei Yinjie , Hu Yutong
Published: November 2024

Predicting stable groundwater seepage using known data is an important task in groundwater dynamics. This is crucial for ensuring the rational utilization of groundwater resources and effectively controlling groundwater pollution. However, traditional finite difference methods and analytical solutions have significant limitations in dealing with complex groundwater flow problems, such as poor applicability and low computational efficiency under irregular boundary conditions. In recent years, although methods based on radial basis function (RBF) have improved in accuracy, they still face the problem of insufficient flexibility in high-dimensional space. This article proposes a new method for predicting stable groundwater seepage, using the multiple quadratic curve (MQ) numerical method to address this challenge. We first use RBF interpolation to decompose the groundwater flow field, and then solve the corresponding linear equation system to obtain a numerical solution for stable groundwater seepage. This method abandons the traditional construction of grids and elements, provides greater flexibility in high-dimensional space, and adopts a node based approximation method to ensure computational accuracy. The experimental results show that this method performs well in simulating groundwater flow and changes, with relative errors as low as a specific value. Compared with higher precision radial basis function methods, this new method improves the accuracy by two orders of magnitude, providing a new solution for accurate prediction of groundwater flow.
Research on Interception Model of Surface-to-air Missile Anti-cruise Missile Weapon System
Authors: Ding Kun , Cui Xuan , Wang Zhimei , Qiu Zepeng , Hu Yubao , Zhang Haiyan
Published: November 2024

In air defense operations, resisting cruise missile attacks is a major challenge. Firstly, based on judging the direction and route of the cruise missile weapon system, the paper establishes the radar detection zone algorithm, the killing zone of surface-to-air missile weapon system and the interception model of surface-to-air missile weapon system needed in the process of physical interception. Secondly, according to whether the effective interception condition is satisfied, an algorithm is established to judge the surface-to-air missile weapon system on several fixed positions. Lastly, it gives the maximum interception expectation of the incoming route to achieve effective interception. We set up scenarios through examples to reasonably divide the Red Army’s combat area, analyze quantitatively the effectiveness of blue ground-to-air missiles intercepting red cruise missiles under different terrain conditions, after comprehensively judging the entry situation of detection and killing zones and calculating whether there is an interception arc, the interception efficiency can be calculated. This model incorporates terrain constraints, making the results more reasonable than other models. It provides a scientific basis for command assisted decision-making.
Research on position Model of Surface-to-air Missile Defense against Cruise Missile Based on Rule GA
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Cui Xuan , Suo Yan , Hou Shuyu , Wang Junjie , Liu Zhoucheng
Published: November 2024

The deployment of weapon systems prior to the engagement of anti-cruise missiles constitutes the primary research challenge in surface-to-air missile operations. Initially, it is essential to analyze operational requirements and scientifically delineate the guided radar detection area, kill zone, and interception zone based on physical realities. A model should be established to ascertain the fundamental conditions for site deployment, taking into account factors such as position height, shielding angle, and geographic coordinates. In relation to low-altitude approaches by adversarial forces, key considerations include the depth and breadth of firepower from the weapon system in the attack direction, firepower density in that direction, and lethality probability. An Operational Effectiveness model should be developed based on coverage area of firepower, effective interceptions per unit time, and lethality probabilities of weapon systems to evaluate each location’s effectiveness. Finally, leveraging land selection principles and external information coordination mechanisms will facilitate establishing a genetic algorithm-based strategy for deploying surface-to-air missile systems. The validity of this algorithm has been demonstrated through practical examples.
Aerodynamic Parameter Identification Based on Multi Group Adaptive Search Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

Due to the strong coupling and nonlinearity of spinning-stabilized correction projectile’s motion and dynamic model, its aerodynamic parameter identification can be transformed into a high-dimensional multi extremum optimization problem. To avoid the excessive computational complexity and susceptibility to local optima, this paper proposes a multiple swarm adaptive search optimization method. This method automatically divides the samples into several subpopulations through an adaptive density peak clustering method, and then searches and updates in each subpopulation. To balance convergence speed and population diversity, the update operator for each generation combines the random search and optimal convergence step size, whose weights can be adaptively adjusted based on the update rate and dispersion characteristics of the subpopulations. Applying this method to the aerodynamic parameter identification, and comparing with improved particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm, simulation results show that a better identification result can be obtained at the same iterations.
A Low-complexity Decision Variables Classification Brainstorm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Li Qiyue , Qiu Lipeng , Zhou Aoran , Wu Yali , Wang Ziren
Published: November 2024

In the complex optimization scenarios of real life, we often need to not only weigh the conflicts between multi-objectives but also face the challenges brought by large-scale decision variables. When the scale of decision variables increases sharply, the search space will expand exponentially, which makes it difficult for the algorithm to traverse the whole search space under limited resources, so that the number of local optimal solutions increases sharply. The so-called ‘dimension disaster’ appears. To effectively deal with this problem, this paper proposes a large-scale multi-objective brainstorm optimization algorithm (LMaOBSO) based on low complexity decision variable classification method and improved penalty boundary intersection strategy. The algorithm uses a low-complexity tree sorting variable classification method to divide the decision variables into converges and diversity variables quickly. At the same time, the convergent variables are optimized by the improved penalty boundary crossover strategy to solve the problems existing in large-scale optimization problems.
Bayesian Method for Determining the Three Parameters of Weibull Distribution
Authors: Xu Jiajin
Published: November 2024

In recent decades, it has been found that the three parameter Weibull distribution plays an increasingly important role in the fields of structural fatigue and reliability. However, due to the complexity of the methods for estimating these three parameters, the application of the three parameter Weibull distribution has been greatly affected. The author has successively proposed the Zhentong Gao method and the generalized Zhentong Gao method in recent years, which have better solved this problem. Later, by using the characteristics of the Monte Carlo method and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to upgrade the Zhentong Gao method and the generalized Zhentong Gao method, it is further found that they can be used to improve the Bayesian method. This paper mainly discusses how to improve the Bayesian method so that the improved Bayesian method is more convenient than the commonly used Gibbs method, and can also estimate the three parameters of the Weibull distribution, and at the same time give their confidence intervals.