bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new method of grafting multi-walled carbon nanotubes on carbon fibers for improving the mechanical and thermal properties of woven fabric composites
Authors: Liu Mingrui , Rao Qiong , Wang Yingyu , Peng Xiongqi
Published: February 2021

A new method of grafting multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto carbon fiber surface to improve the thermo-mechanical properties of woven carbon fabric reinforced composites was proposed. In this method, both carbon woven fabrics and MWCNTs were oxidized by sulfuric acid to generate carboxyl groups on their surfaces, respectively. Then silane coupling agent was used to react with the carboxyl groups to graft MWCNTs onto the carbon fiber surfaces of the woven fabric. The untreated, acid treated and MWCNTs grafted carbon woven fabrics were separately combined with polypropylene films to form composite plates by thermal-stamping. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were conducted to estimate the changes of element contents and functional groups on surfaces of carbon fibers and MWCNTs. Atomic force microscope was used to estimate the roughness of carbon fiber surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and tensile tests were carried out to analyze the surface morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of carbon fabrics and their composites. Testing results showed that MWCNTs could be successfully grafted onto the carbon fibers by using silane as an intermediate bridge. Compared with the untreated and acid treated composites, the in-plane shearing stiffness and fracture strength of the composites were increased significantly by MWCNTs grafting. In terms of thermal properties, acid treatment and MWCNTs grafting have little effect on melting point of composites. MWCNTs can promote the recrystallization process of the PP and reduce the numbers of imperfect crystals. As for thermo-mechanical properties, acid treatment deteriorated the bending storage modulus of the composite, while MWCNTs grafting could compensate it.
A Comparative Analysis of Emotion-Related Cultural Norms in Popular American and Chinese Storybooks
Authors: Ding Ruyi , He Wei , Wang Qian
Published: February 2021

Storybooks written for young children contain rich information on emotions and act as important educational tools for children’s emotion socialization. The current study aims to investigate how cultural norms regarding emotions are portrayed in the narratives of popular storybooks across cultures. Thus, in this study, 38 bestselling Chinese storybooks written by Chinese authors and 42 bestselling American storybooks by European-American writers were compared. The narratives were coded with a focus on emotion-related content and further analysed using binary logistic regressions. The findings revealed that American storybooks were more likely to present positive (vs. negative) emotions, negative powerful (vs. negative powerless) emotions, and supportive (vs. unsupportive and teaching) responses to negative emotions than Chinese storybooks, but less likely to present social (vs. personal) themes, other-based (vs. self-based) attribution, and teaching (vs. supportive and unsupportive) responses to negative emotions. However, the results found no cultural variation in the prevalence of intrinsic (vs. extrinsic) interpersonal emotion regulation. The findings suggest that elements of emotion-related content coexist in both cultures although the relative salience of such content differs across cultures.
The Role of Leader-Member Exchange Relations and Individual Differences on Counterproductive Work Behavior
Authors: Newton Chad , Perlow Richard
Published: February 2021

Although researchers have documented relations between abusive supervision and subordinate counterproductive work behavior (CWB), might CWB result from non-abusive treatment? We address the question by examining the relation between leader-member relations (LMX) and CWB as well as potential mediators and moderators of that relation. One hundred and eighty subordinates completed surveys assessing their LMX quality, entitlement, negative emotions, self-control, and CWB. Twenty-six supervisors also provided CWB data on 88 of those subordinates. We found that subordinates reporting lower quality relations with their supervisors were more likely to experience CWB than other subordinates and that anger mediated that relation. There was some support for the moderating effect of self-control on the negative emotion – CWB relation. Entitlement did not moderate the LMX – anger relation as hypothesized. One implication is that supervisors do not have to treat their subordinates poorly for the subordinates to react negatively and engage in behavior detrimental to their organization.
Evaluation of the crimp formability of side-by-side PLA/PTT bicomponent fibers
Authors: Yu Jinchao , Li Xiaoyun , Ji Hong , Zhang Yang , Chen Kang
Published: February 2021

To explore the feasibility of developing bio-based elastic fibers, bio-based polylactide (PLA) and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) were selected for fabrication of side-by-side bicomponent fibers using bi-constituent melt-spinning technology. The structure development and performance of PLA/PTT bicomponent fibers was investigated using thermal mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction in order to evaluate the crimp formability of PLA/PTT bicomponent fibers. The PLA and PTT components could form regular boundary structure and exhibit excellent interface compatibility by regulation of the rheological behavior of the two melts. In the fiber forming process, the PTT component in PLA/PTT bicomponent fibers experienced higher tensile stress, and thereby enhanced the crystal and oriented structure development, while the structural evolution of the PLA component was inhibited. The difference in the structure of the two components causes the imbalance force existence in the PLA/PTT fibers, which is the main reason of fiber crimp. In addition, the crimp formability of the PLA/PTT fibers could be enhanced by expanding the shrinkage stress difference between the two components, which could be realized by increasing the PTT ratio in PLA/PTT bicomponent fiber or draw ratio. The maximum crimp extension that could be achieved was 85% for the bicomponent fibers with PLA30/PTT70 ratio at a draw ratio of 4.2.
Challenging Role of the Body of Christ in the Body of India
Authors: Kuzhippallil George Thomas
Published: February 2021

With its multifaceted nature, India stands unique among nations in the world. Indian cultures accept and amalgamate differences, paradoxes, and contradictions in their own way. Based on the unwritten law of Dharma and the concept of collective whole, the fundamentalist groups project India as an organic Body. Even though Christianity works since the apostolic age, it struggles to influence the majority of Indian population and suffers threat, violence, and persecution at present. The Body of Christ must redefine its role in the Body of India.
The Opium of God’s People: Latin American/Hispanic Theology, Popular Religiosity, and the Challenge of Narcotrafficking
Authors: Poggi Alfredo Ignacio
Published: February 2021

The manipulation of popular religiosity by drug trafficking at the epicenter of the world drug market represents a challenge for Latin American theology. How might it reflect on popular religiosity in areas replete with cartels? How might it help popular religiosity to become the fruit of true justice without imposing the judgmental worldview of enlightened elites? This article will attempt to answer both questions over the course of four sections. First, it will describe the history of Latin American revaluations of popular religiosity as a theological starting point. Second, it will demonstrate the conceptualization of popular religion by Latin American and Hispanic scholars and theologians in the United States. Third, it will analyze how drug trafficking permeates popular religiosity in Latin America. Finally, it will propose an appropriate pastoral and theological approach to popular religiosity in areas affected by drug trafficking.
Spirit Name (Ishina Lya Mupashi) and Strong Artificial Intelligence (Strong AI)
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J.
Published: February 2021

This article probes the prospects of personhood in strong artificial intelligence (Strong AI) from a Bemba theo-cosmological perspective. Employing an interdisciplinary perspective, it argues that the Bemba concept of spirit name ( ishina lya mupashi) can make a constructive contribution to a theo-cosmology of the possibility of the personhood of strong AI. This article shifts the discussion from individualized superhuman-intelligence informed to eco-relational intelligence personhood- shaped strong AI.
A Mixed-Methods Study to Explore the Impact of Hospital Accreditation
Authors: Al-alawy Khamis , Azaad Moonesar Immanuel , Ali Mubarak Obaid Hanan , Gaafar Reem , Ismail Al-Abed Bawadi Ehab
Published: February 2021

There are several hospital accreditors globally but there is limited understanding of how accreditation impacts on hospital performance and the health system objectives. The objective of the study were to explore the impact of hospital accreditation and inform policy decision-making. We adopted a mixed-methods approach to include an online survey and 3 focus groups. We report 27 of 36 private hospitals who responded to the survey. Key reasons for accreditation were to improve quality ( n = 23), implement evidence-based practice ( n = 17), continuity of accreditation ( n = 15), and popularity ( n = 11). Reported improvements include quality of care (27), patient care (26), organizational processes (21), and patient satisfaction (19) among others. Average stakeholder satisfaction rate was 74%. Participants from the 3 focus group discussions felt that staff hours and stress levels were high during the accreditation process, and some standards were useful while others were deemed non-essential. There was support for a local accreditation body with an emphasis on best practice. The findings from the study suggest accreditation to have an impact on structure and process measures, but the gains in key areas were short-lived. There is a need to strengthen governance and develop performance measures to evidence outcome improvement, assure alignment with regulation and the health system objectives.
Max Weber and Social Ontology
Authors: Rust Joshua
Published: February 2021

Key elements of John Searle’s articulation of the Standard Model of Social Ontology can be found within Max Weber’s ideal type of legal-rational authority. However, the fact that, for Weber, legal-rational authority is just one of three types of legitimate authority, along with traditional and charismatic authority, suggests limitations to the Standard Model’s scope of applicability. Where Searle takes himself to have provided an account of “the structure of human civilization,” Weber’s taxonomy suggests that Searle has only given us an account of a way of being a civilization. This understanding of traditional authority also reveals why the Standard Model misconstrues the structure of ordinary, informal statuses, such as friendship.
Combining Multiple Organizational-level Databases: An Empirical Evaluation of Different Matching Methods
Authors: de Leeuw Tim , Keijl Steffen
Published: February 2021

Although multiple organizational-level databases are frequently combined into one data set, there is no overview of the matching methods (MMs) that are utilized because the vast majority of studies does not report how this was done. Furthermore, it is unclear what the differences are between the utilized methods, and it is unclear whether research findings might be influenced by the utilized method. This article describes four commonly used methods for matching databases and potential issues. An empirical comparison of those methods used to combine regularly used organizational-level databases reveals large differences in the number of observations obtained. Furthermore, empirical analyses of these different methods reveal that several of them produce both systematic and random errors. These errors can result in erroneous estimations of regression coefficients in terms of direction and/or size as well as an issue where truly significant relationships might be found to be insignificant. This shows that research findings can be influenced by the MM used, which would argue in favor of the establishment of a preferred method as well as more transparency on the utilized method in future studies. This article provides insight into the matching process and methods, suggests a preferred method, and should aid researchers, reviewers, and editors with both combining multiple databases and describing and assessing them.
Student factors affecting academic success among undergraduate students at two South African higher education institutions
Authors: Thomas Tsholofelo Angela , Maree David
Published: February 2021

This study explored student factors affecting academic success among undergraduate students at a historically Black and a historically White South African public higher education institution. Qualitative methodology was used. Data were collected through five focus group discussions from 31 undergraduate students. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The following student factors affected participants’ academic success: academic self-efficacy, peer relationships, parental engagement and support, motivation, time management, adjustment, emotional wellbeing, lack of information, socio-economic status, and language proficiency. This study showed that structural, racialised inequalities in South Africa underpin many apparent student factors that influence academic success in higher education.
The quality of life, meaning in life, positive orientation to life and gratitude of Catholic seminarians in Poland: A comparative analysis
Authors: Prusak Jacek , Kwapis Krzysztof , Pilecka Barbara , Chemperek Agnieszka , Krawczyk Agnieszka , Jabłoński Marcin , Nowakowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to examine differences in the quality of life (the psychophysical, psychosocial, personal, and metaphysical spheres) as well as gratitude, meaning in life and positive orientation to life between diocesan and religious seminarians and secular students. The influence of religiosity on quality of life and subjective well-being is the subject of numerous studies, but seminarians (i.e. people preparing to be priests) have rarely been included in them. The present research was carried out for the first time with a group of diocesan and religious seminarians in Poland and secular students. The study involved 296 participants—98 diocesan seminarians, 96 religious seminarians and 102 secular students in the control group. Results showed significant differences in the quality of life. Religious and diocesan seminarians scored higher than the control group members in the psychophysical, personal, psychosocial and metaphysical spheres. In addition, in terms of gratitude, and the presence of meaning in life, religious and diocesan seminarians achieved higher scores than the control group but lower scores in searching for the meaning in life. There were no significant differences between diocesan and religious seminarians except that only diocesan seminarians obtained significantly higher scores on positive orientation to life than the control group. Overall, results support the idea that seminarians have higher quality of life and subjective well-being than secular students. Research implications are discussed.
Going Beyond the Western Pass: Chinese Folk Models of Danger and Abandonment in Songs of Separation
Authors: Gibbs Levi S.
Published: February 2021

From the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911) to the beginning of the People’s Republic, men in northern China from drought-prone regions of northwestern Shanxi province and northeastern Shaanxi province would travel beyond the Great Wall to find work in western Inner Mongolia, in a migration known as “going beyond the Western Pass” 走西口. This article analyzes anthologized song lyrics and ethnographic interviews about this migration to explore how songs of separation performed at temple fairs approached danger and abandonment using traditional metaphors and “folk models” similar to those of parents protecting children from life’s hazards and widows and widowers lamenting the loss of loved ones. I argue that these duets between singers embodying the roles of migrant laborers and the women they left behind provided a public language for audiences to reflect upon and contextualize private emotions in a broader social context, offering rhetorical resolutions to ambivalent anxieties.
Separating the Physician and Patient: A Paradigm Shift for Routine Otolaryngology Examinations in COVID-19-Like Aerosol-Contaminated Environments
Authors: Sayin Ibrahim , Yazıcı Zahide Mine , Abakay Mehmet Akif , Gülüstan Filiz , Devecioğlu İbrahim , Akgül Ahmet
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To evaluate the attitudes of physicians and patients toward physical examination in physically separated environments using a laryngoscopic examination model.

Materials and Methods:

Six experienced laryngologists performed laryngoscopic examinations in 30 patients in a closed-chamber examination unit. The physicians and patients were asked to compare all domains with their previous standard laryngoscopic examination experience using a 10-point visual analog scale (0, poor performance; 10, good performance), including effectiveness of communication, difficulty of examination, perception of safety against airborne transmission of COVID-19, applicability of the unit for future examinations, perception of protective environment, and overall comfort.

Results:

All laryngoscopic examinations were performed successfully. Effectiveness of communication, difficulty of examination, perception of protective environment, and overall comfort did not differ between physicians and patients ( P > .05 for all comparisons). However, both physicians and patients found the examination to be difficult. While physicians evaluated the system as safe against airborne transmission of COVID-19, patients were not confident that the system was safe (8.70 ± 1.93 vs 2.87 ± 2.37, respectively, P = .001). Physicians also gave a higher score to future applicability of the unit for examinations than patients (8.90 ± 1.42 vs 7.10 ± 2.62, respectively, P = .001).

Conclusion:

Physically separating the physician and patient is a feasible method of physical examination in aerosol-contaminated environments.
Religious language in the postsecular public sphere: A falsificationist model
Authors: Parmaksız Umut
Published: February 2021

In this article, I examine the relation of religious language and public debate within the context of postsecularism and defend a falsificationist model. I argue that the postsecular public sphere ought to problematize four characteristics of modern thinking; the exclusion of truth and religious language, the asymmetry between religious and secular language, the essentialization of the secular and the religious and, lastly, the exclusivity and exhaustiveness of the secular and religious as categories. Based on these four problematizations, I defend a falsificationist model for the admission of religious language in the public sphere and argue that we ought to allow citizens the right to use the language of their choice in the public sphere, provided that they also provide in their preferred language ‘conditions of falsifiability’, that is, those circumstances upon which the speaking party would accept their argumentation as void.
Depleting democracy? The radical right’s impact on minority politics in Eastern Europe
Authors: Minkenberg Michael , Florian Anca , Végh Zsuzsanna , Zobel Malisa
Published: February 2021

Radical right parties’ calls for a strong and illiberal nation-state have travelled across the political spectrum into the mainstream in Eastern Europe since the 2000s, contributing to a rightward shift in the region’s politics. The mechanisms behind such influences in Eastern Europe are not yet fully understood. Focusing on the strength of radical right parties and mainstream parties’ strategic reactions to them, this study explores how and under what circumstances radical right parties exert influence on mainstream parties’ general political positions and on their positions concerning ethnic and national minorities – a group frequently targeted by radical right intolerance in the region. Shifts in parties’ positions are analyzed using comparative data from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey and the authors’ own Viadrina Expert Survey. The study finds that where mainstream parties formally or informally cooperated with radical right parties or coopted their agenda, lasting rightward position shifts are observable. Consequently, the authors argue that by contributing to rightward shifts, especially on positions concerning minorities, radical right parties play a role in undermining liberal democratic values, thus contributing to the ‘depletion of democracy’.
Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis: Effectiveness of Corticosteroids in Treating Adults With Acute Vestibular Neuritis
Authors: Leong Kai‐Jing , Lau Timothy , Stewart Vicky , Canetti Elisa F. D.
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To determine whether steroids are effective in treating adults with acute vestibular neuritis.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, CAB Abstract, ICTRP, LILACS, PEDRO, ClinicalTrials.Gov, Google Scholar, NARIC, and OT Seeker.

Review Methods

A systematic review was undertaken for articles reporting subjective and/or objective outcomes of corticosteroids in adults with acute vestibular neuritis between December 2010 and October 2019. Reports of patient recovery from clinical vestibular outcomes at various time points and adverse effects from corticosteroids were of interest. Statistical analysis included qualitative and quantitative assessments. A limited meta‐analysis of the data was performed through a random effects model.

Results

Eight studies met the criteria, and 6 were included in the meta‐analysis. No significant differences between the groups (corticosteroid vs placebo, corticosteroid vs vestibular exercise, or corticosteroid vs combination of vestibular exercise and corticosteroid) were reported in the proportion of patients with complete recovery at 1, 6, and 12 months. The corticosteroid group had significantly better caloric recover at 1 month (95% CI, –16.33 to –0.32); however, there was no significant difference to the overall effect between the groups across 12 months. Subjective recovery did not differ between the groups. Five of the 8 studies reported on adverse effects from corticosteroids.

Conclusion

There is insufficient evidence to support the use of corticosteroids in managing acute vestibular neuritis in adults. At present, corticosteroids appear to have short‐term benefits in canal paresis but no long‐term benefits in canal paresis and symptomatic recovery. Future studies should consider including a wider variety of clinical vestibular tests and frequent acute follow‐ups to monitor the effects of corticosteroids.
Adverse Events Associated With ClariFix Posterior Nasal Nerve Cryoablation: A MAUDE Database Analysis
Authors: Singh Amrita K. , Kasle David A. , Torabi Sina J. , Manes R. Peter
Published: February 2021

Posterior nasal nerve (PNN) cryoablation is a novel surgical technique used to address chronic rhinitis. The purpose of this study is to review the medical device reports (MDRs) submitted to the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Manufacturer and User Device Facility Experience (MAUDE) database to identify adverse events related to the use of ClariFix, a device designed for office‐based cryosurgical ablation of the PNN. A total of 12 adverse events associated with ClariFix from January 2017 to August 2020 were identified and analyzed. The most common adverse events associated with ClariFix PNN cryoablation include epistaxis and nasal swelling. Further studies are needed to clarify whether PNN cryoablation is associated with epistaxis in certain populations.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Time to Decannulation Among Children With Tracheostomies
Authors: Smith Matthew M. , Hart Catherine K. , Benscoter Dan T. , Epperson Madison , de Alarcon Alessandro , Born Hayley , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen
Published: February 2021

Objective

To determine if time to tracheostomy decannulation differs among children by socioeconomic status.

Study Design

Case series with chart review

Setting

Tertiary pediatric medical center.

Methods

Patients (≤21 years old) who underwent tracheostomy from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on their socioeconomic status (SES), low SES and high SES. Principal components analysis was used to create an index for SES using census data obtained by the US Census Bureau’s American Community Survey 5 year data profile from 2013 to 2017. Statistical analysis was performed using a χ2 for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test for continuous variables. A general linear model was constructed to control for clinical factors to understand the independent effect of SES on time to decannulation.

Results

In total, 215 patients were included; of these patients, 111 patients (52%) were included in the high‐SES group and 104 patients (48%) were included in the low‐SES group. There was a significant difference in the time to decannulation for children based on SES status, with those children in the low‐SES group taking on average 10 months longer to decannulate (38.7 vs 28.0 months, P =. 0007). Median follow‐up was 44.1 months (interquartile range, 29.6‐61.3 months).

Conclusion

Health care disparities appear to exist among children undergoing decannulation of their tracheostomy tube. Patients with lower SES had a significantly longer time to decannulation than those with higher SES.
Sleepless in Taipei: The application of photovoice method to explore the major challenges perceived by homeless people facing multifaceted social exclusion
Authors: Cheng Yi-Wen
Published: February 2021

Homeless people typically experience multiple social exclusions that severely affect their well-being. Therefore, based on clients’ participation, this study aims to explore what homeless people facing multifaceted social exclusion perceive as their biggest challenges in daily life, thereby rethinking the current homelessness policies and practices in Taiwan. Using the photovoice method, six homeless people living in the vicinity of the Taipei Main Station participated in the three-stage project. They took photographs to illustrate the main life difficulties and satisfactions they faced and engaged in dialogues through the images presented in the photographs. Through the photovoice workshops, ‘poor sleep’ was identified as their major common predicament, and all participants responded with strong emotions about the dire need to sleep well. In the final stage, homeless participants proposed the ‘Sleep First’ solution based on their own perspectives, which supported the philosophy of the ‘Housing First’ approach to addressing homelessness.
‘Children Are to Be Regarded as Propaganda’: Contradictions of German Occupation Policies in the Child Evacuations to Switzerland, 1941–1942
Authors: Sambells Chelsea
Published: February 2021

During the first year of Nazi occupation in Belgium, the German authorities consented to send thousands of hungry children to neutral Switzerland for three-month periods of recuperation by means of a Swiss-operated evacuation scheme. After Nazi officials in Berlin learned of these unusual evacuations, the German occupation authorities in Belgium became embroiled in defending and justifying their actions. This article argues that while such contradictions and paradoxes in occupation policies epitomized the Nazi leadership, both the value and agency of children – and the perception of saving them – became unconventional Nazi weapons of exploitation and control.
Endovascular therapy for floating thrombus in the inferior vena cava
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Wen , Chen Xue-Ming , Zhu Ren-Ming , Li Chen-Yu , Yu Hong-Zhi , Zhang Zhong-Tao
Published: February 2021

Objective

We aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of floating thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC).

Methods

From January 2014 to June 2019, four patients with floating thrombus in the IVC were admitted to our hospital and underwent intracavitary therapy. Diagnosis, therapy, and clinical characteristics of floating thrombus were summarized.

Results

Three patients presented with pulmonary embolism. Three of the patients had a floating thrombus discovered by inferior venacavography and one was found by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Two patients had deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities. One patient had a double IVC, one had left iliac vein compression syndrome, and one had right renal phlebothrombosis. The four patients underwent implantation of a temporary IVC filter and were treated with anti-coagulation, debulking, and thrombolysis. All four patients achieved satisfactory results.

Conclusions

Floating thrombus in the IVC is often caused by spread of branch vein thrombosis, and is more likely to lead to pulmonary embolism. Anti-coagulant therapy and debulking under the protection of filters can achieve satisfactory clinical results.
Accuracy of angiopoietin-2 for predicting organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lv Yongcai , Yao Yanhua , Liu Qi , Lei Jingjing
Published: February 2021

Objective

Our aim was to assess the accuracy of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) as a prognostic marker for acute pancreatitis (AP) with organ failure (OF).

Methods

We undertook a systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese Journals Full-text, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine disc, and Weipu databases to identify eligible cohort studies on the predictive value of Ang-2 for AP with OF. The main outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity. The effects were pooled using a bivariate mixed-effects model.

Results

Six articles with seven case-control studies (n = 650) were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for AP with OF were 0.93 (95%CI: 0.75–0.99), 0.85 (95%CI: 0.75–0.92), 6.40 (95%CI: 3.36–12.19), and 0.08 (95%CI: 0.02–0.36), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.92–0.96), and the diagnostic odds ratio was 83.18 (95%CI: 11.50–623.17). Subgroup analysis showed that admission time of AP onset (< or ≥24 hours) was a source of overall heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis supported this finding.

Conclusion

Ang-2 had high diagnostic accuracy for AP with OF; the best prediction of Ang-2 may be 24 to 72 hours after onset of AP.
Sufi Non-Doing Offender Rehabilitation: Positive and Peacemaking Criminology in Practice
Authors: Amitay Gila , Hawa-Kamel Donya , Ronel Natti
Published: February 2021

Offender rehabilitation is a challenging goal that calls for ongoing creative innovations. Amongst is a non-doing rehabilitative initiation that is inspired by spiritual traditions. The aim of this paper is to present an application of non-doing offender rehabilitation that has no declared intention to rehabilitate, carried by a peacemaking Islamic Sufi route. Based on the positive criminology approach, we conducted a qualitative phenomenological study consisted of interviews with 11 ex-prisoners who were employed in the Shadhiliyya-Yashrutiyya Sufi order as construction workers and also with 35 Sufi disciple and leaders. We identified five themes of non-doing: (1) atmosphere; (2) modeling; (3) social inclusion and suspension of judgement; (4) spiritual meaning; (5) feasibility of transformative processes. The discussion presents principles of a model of non-doing rehabilitation in a spiritual community and emphasizes the research innovation in presenting non-doing as a holistic method of inclusion within a transformative faith community.
W.E.B. Du Bois and the urban political economy tradition in geography
Authors: Hackworth Jason
Published: February 2021

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois’s considerable contributions were actively diminished during his life and remain marginal in geography. This is unfortunate for urban geography, particularly its political economy wing, because his empirical and theoretical work offer an illuminating internal critique of modern debates in the field. This review essay attempts to initiate a wider dialogue about the potential value of Du Bois to the influential urban political economy paradigm in geography. Specifically, I adapt and apply Du Boisian definitions of racism to two literatures: the rise of neoliberalism and the significance of gentrification in Black spaces.
Interventions to Reduce the Impact of Client Death on Home Care Aides: Employers’ Perspectives
Authors: Tsui Emma K. , Franzosa Emily , Reckrey Jennifer M. , LaMonica Marita , Cimarolli Verena R. , Boerner Kathrin
Published: February 2021

For home care agencies and aides, the death of clients has important, yet often unrecognized, workforce implications. While research demonstrates that client death can cause grief and job insecurity for aides, we currently lack home care agencies’ perspectives on this issue and approaches to addressing it. This study uses key informant interviews with leaders from a diverse sample of eight New York City home care agencies to explore facilitators and barriers to agency action. We found that agencies engaged primarily in a range of informal, reactive practices related to client death, and relatively few targeted and proactive efforts to support aides around client death. While leaders generally acknowledged a need for greater aide support, they pointed to a lack of sustainable home care financing and policy resources to fund this. We recommend increased funding to support wages, paid time off, and supportive services, and discuss implications for future research.
Predicting Different Types of Intimate Partner Aggression Perpetration: The Roles of Problem Alcohol Use and Distress Tolerance
Authors: Kline Nora K. , Cabrera Korine B. , Reed Kathleen M. Palm
Published: February 2021

Intimate partner aggression (IPA) victimization and substance use have been well established as risk factors for IPA perpetration ( Leonard, 2005 ; Sprunger et al., 2015 ). Recent research has identified a negative association between distress tolerance and physical and psychological IPA perpetration, specifically in males in substance use treatment ( Shorey et al., 2017 ). Research examining the interplay of problem substance use, distress tolerance, and other forms of IPA (i.e., sexual coercion, controlling behaviors) in non-clinical samples is limited. The present analysis aimed to examine the potential moderating effect of distress tolerance on problem alcohol use and four types of IPA perpetration (physical assault, psychological aggression, sexual coercion, and controlling behaviors) in a diverse, national sample ( N = 323; 44.3% female; 52.9% sexual minority; age M = 33.61 years, SD = 8.71). Results showed that alcohol use and distress tolerance had differing influences on each IPA perpetration type. In line with hypotheses, distress tolerance significantly moderated the relationship between problem alcohol use and two forms of IPA (physical assault and controlling behaviors); this relationship was stronger for individuals with low levels of distress tolerance. Significant interaction effects did not emerge for psychological aggression or sexual coercion. Findings suggest that treatment strategies that focus specifically on increasing distress tolerance may be effective in reducing alcohol-facilitated IPA perpetration involving physical assault and controlling behaviors.
The Permeating Effects of Violence on Health Services and Health in Mexico
Authors: Vargas Laura , Vélez-Grau Carolina , Camacho David , Richmond Therese S. , Meisel Zachary F.
Published: February 2021

Mexico’s violence related to organized crime activity has grown to epidemic levels in the last 12 years. We interviewed 22 Mexican health care providers from five states to examine how violence impacts health care services and health. We transcribed and analyzed semi-structured interviews using framework analysis. Our findings describe the ways in which community violence in Mexico permeates health care services, impacting health care providers, and the health of patients. We developed a model to reflect our main themes that illustrate how violence permeates health care services over geographic space and time. We identified three thematic categories: (a) the impact of violence on health care facilities and service provision, (b) the impact of violence on providers, and (c) the impact of violence on the health of the community. Our model articulates a dynamic process of the spread and permeation of violence. Prior literature focuses on the impact of violence as an occupational hazard and the effect of war or civil conflict on health care services. We extend this literature by documenting the impacts of widespread violence on Mexican health care services and providers. We discuss how violence impacts services, providers, and health in a country that is not officially at war. We compare our findings to previous literature on occupational violence in health professions and the impacts on health services in official war zones. Finally, we highlight the implications for health care practice and policy. We suggest that violence should be considered throughout the care continuum in Mexico and make the case for violence as a structural contributor to health and health disparities in Mexico. We suggest additional research on this under-investigated topic.
Driving Cessation in Old Age: Gender Influences on Mortality
Authors: Yu Jiao , Kahana Eva , Kahana Boaz , Zhang Yuhan
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study examined health and social support as mediators of the association between driving cessation and 10-year mortality among older men and older women. Method: Data were drawn from a prospective panel survey of 1000 community-dwelling older adults with follow-ups over a 10-year period. Extended Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the relative risk of driving cessation on mortality. Results: Mortality risk was 1.36 (CI = [1.06, 1.73]) times higher for nondrivers than drivers. This relationship was significantly mediated by health status in the overall sample. Physical health and cognitive health fully mediated the association between driving cessation and mortality among older men, whereas the mediation effects were partial among older women. Discussion: Gender differences in driving patterns may account for the differential mediation effects in the association between driving cessation and mortality.
Disruptive Thinking and Entrepreneurship: Fictions and Disenchantments
Authors: Márquez Félix O. Socorro , Ortiz Giovanni E. Reyes
Published: February 2021

Disruptive thinking is associated with entrepreneurship through innovation. This study explores, through documentary research and inferential analysis, those aspects can be considered fictions and disenchantments associated with the exercise and practice of disruptive thinking during entrepreneurship. The main objective of this research was achieved by documenting three fictions and four disenchantments related to the use of disruptive thinking in the field of entrepreneurship.
COVID-19 and Its Impact on the Indian Economy
Authors: Barbate Vikas , Gade Rajesh N. , Raibagkar Shirish S.
Published: February 2021

Pessimism looms large all over. COVID-19 has been projected as worse than the Great Depression of 1930. Everyday analyst and agency reports are diving into new bottoms of a fall-down in economic activities. Indian economy, however, has a slightly different story to tell at this hour of crisis. The silver lining for the Indian economy comes from a steep fall in the crude oil prices from around $70 per barrel to a record 18 years low of $22 per barrel. This windfall gain can, to some extent, offset the direct losses due to COVID-19. At the same time, dreams like a $5 trillion economy no longer look even a remote possibility. This article takes stock of the likely impact of COVID-19 on the Indian economy in the short term and the long term. A decision-tree approach has been adopted for doing the projections.
Diplomacy Beyond History: Analytic-Violence, Producer-Centred Research, India
Authors: Datta-Ray Deep K.
Published: February 2021

The history of Indian diplomacy conceptualises diplomacy racially—as invented by the West—and restrictively—to offence. This is ‘analytic-violence’ and it explains the berating of Indians for mimicking diplomacy incorrectly or unthinkingly, and the deleting, dismissing, or denigrating, of diplomatic practices contradicting history’s conception. To relieve history from these offences, a new method is presented, ‘Producer-Centred Research’ (PCR). Initiating with abduction, an insight into a problem—in this case Indian diplomacy’s compromised historicisation—PCR solves it by converting history’s racist rationality into ‘rationalities’. The plurality renders rationality one of many, permitting PCR’s searching for rationalities not as a function of rationality but robust practices explicable in producer’s terms. Doing so is exegesis. It reveals India’s nuclear diplomacy as unique, for being organised by defence, not offence. Moreover, offence’s premise of security as exceeding opponent’s hostility renders it chimerical for such a security is, paradoxically, reliant on expanding arsenals. Additionally, doing so is a response to opponents. This fragments sovereignty and abdicates control for one is dependent on opponent’s choices. Defence, however, does not instigate opponents and so really delivers security by minimising arsenals since offence is eschewed. Doing so is not a response to opponents and so maintains sovereignty and retains control by denying others the right to offense. The cost of defence is courage, for instance, choosing to live in the shadow of nuclear annihilation. Exegesis discloses Balakot as a shift from defence to offence, so to relieve the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) leadership of having to be courageous. The intensity of the intention to discard courage is apparent in the price the BJP paid. This included equating India with Pakistan, permitting it to escalate the conflict, and so imperiling all humanity in a manner beyond history.
Thymoma in an aged backyard Leghorn chicken, with reviews of a database and literature
Authors: Blakey Julia , Jerry Carmen , da Silva Ana , Stoute Simone
Published: February 2021

A 7-y-old backyard Leghorn chicken ( Gallus domesticus) was submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS)–Turlock branch for postmortem examination, with a history of unexpected death. At postmortem examination, a hemorrhagic soft tissue mass was observed in the cervical region. Microscopically, a densely cellular neoplasm of polygonal epithelial cells and small lymphocytes was observed. The microscopic features of the neoplasm in combination with positive immunohistochemistry for pancytokeratin and CD3 were used to classify the lesion as a thymoma. Thymoma was diagnosed in only 5 birds submitted to CAHFS from 1990 to 2019. Thymoma has been described only rarely in birds, and is an unusual diagnosis in backyard chickens.
Critical Clinical Social Work and the Neoliberal Constraints on Social Justice in Mental Health
Authors: Brown Catrina
Published: February 2021

Despite a strong history of social justice–based social work professional education in Canada, there has not been an intentional integration of direct critical clinical mental health practice with social justice–based theory. Progressive social work has tended to view clinical work as focusing on the individual and failing to contribute to social change. In this article, I elaborate upon a critical clinical social work approach influenced by postmodern critique, and feminist-, narrative-, and collaborative-based practice rooted in critical theory. Critical clinical practice disrupts the individual/social binary through counterviewing unhelpful dominant social discourses and producing counterstories that participate in social resistance. I explore the constraints of neoliberalism on social work mental health practice and its influence on the ability of social workers to practice social justice–based social work. Neoliberalism constrains social workers’ ability to address the social and structural determinants of mental health through its focus on economic rationalization, biomedicalization, and individual responsibilization, alongside rationalized practices that emphasize evidence-based and short-term efficiency-based models. I argue that social work is facing a crisis as a disempowered profession, as it attempts to reconcile its commitment to social justice and the importance of addressing inequity, marginalization, and oppression while often working in settings that demand the subordination of social work knowledge to neoliberal biomedicalism. Under these conditions, a critical clinical approach to mental health practice is needed now more than ever.
Social Workers and Families: An Italian Perspective on the Family-Centered Approach
Authors: Migliorini Laura , Romoli Vittoria , Cardinali Paola
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The present work addresses the transformation process occurring within the services for minors regarding the relationship with families. This qualitative study aims to explore family-centered practice (FCA) by analyzing the practitioner's perceptions of social work with families in daily practice in the context of Italian social welfare.

Methods:

The authors conducted six focus groups with 38 social services workers and used grounded theory methods to elicit perceptions of the meaning and complexity of the transformation based on the statements of those performing social work with families. From the textual data, codes were identified and grouped into conceptual categories.

Results:

The authors defined two macro-categories called “Aims in practitioner's work with children and families” and “Tools in work with children and families”, which reflect the participants' attitudes and behaviors.

Conclusion:

Professionals and service providers can use our findings to reflect on current conceptualizations of family involvement and FCA in their work and to recognize possible psychological barriers to achieving family participation.
Exploring the Psychometric Properties and the Factor Structure of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia Across the Schizotypy Continuum
Authors: Monsonet Manel , Kwapil Thomas R. , Barrantes-Vidal Neus
Published: February 2021

This study evaluated the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) across different levels of the schizotypy continuum. A combined sample of high-schizotypy, at-risk mental states, and patients with first-episode psychosis was assessed for depression and other clinical and functional outcomes. Additionally, experience sampling methodology was used to assess depressive and psychotic-like experiences in daily life. The CDSS exhibited solid internal consistency, validity, and discrimination between depressed and nondepressed participants. Confirmatory factor analyses and the associations of the resulting factors with clinical and functional measures supported a two-factor structure that included general depression and guilt factors. Furthermore, both factors of the CDSS were differentially related to positive and negative symptoms of psychosis in daily life. The CDSS appears to have two underlying psychopathological dimensions and to be a reliable and valid measure for assessing depression across the schizotypy continuum.