bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postnatal Maturation of Membrane Potential Dynamics duringin VivoHippocampal Ripples
Authors: Noguchi Asako , Matsumoto Nobuyoshi , Ikegaya Yuji
Published: July 2023

Sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are transient high-frequency oscillations of local field potentials (LFPs) in the hippocampus and play a critical role in memory consolidation. During SWRs, CA1 pyramidal cells exhibit rapid spike sequences that often replay the sequential activity that occurred during behavior. This temporally organized firing activity gradually emerges during 2 weeks after the eye opening; however, it remains unclear how the organized spikes during SWRs mature at the intracellular membrane potential (Vm) level. Here, we recordedVm of CA1 pyramidal cells simultaneously with hippocampal LFPs from anesthetized immature mice of either sex after the developmental emergence of SWRs. On postnatal days 16 and 17,Vm dynamics around SWRs were premature, characterized by prolonged depolarizations without either pre- or post-SWR hyperpolarizations. The biphasic hyperpolarizations, features typical of adult SWR-relevantVm, formed by approximately postnatal day 30. ThisVm maturation was associated with an increase in SWR-associated inhibitory inputs to pyramidal cells. Thus, the development of SWR-relevant inhibition restricts the temporal windows for spikes of pyramidal cells and allows CA1 pyramidal cells to organize their spike sequences during SWRs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are prominent hippocampal oscillations and play a critical role in memory consolidation. During SWRs, hippocampal neurons synchronously emit spikes with organized temporal patterns. This temporal structure of spikes during SWRs develops during the third and fourth postnatal weeks, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we recordedin vivomembrane potentials from hippocampal neurons in premature mice and suggest that the maturation of SWR-associated inhibition enables hippocampal neurons to produce precisely controlled spike times during SWRs.
Family Cohesion Moderates the Relation between Parent–Child Neural Connectivity Pattern Similarity and Youth's Emotional Adjustment
Authors: Zhou Zexi , Chen Ya-Yun , Yang Beiming , Qu Yang , Lee Tae-Ho
Published: July 2023

Despite a recent surge in research examining parent–child neural similarity using fMRI, there remains a need for further investigation into how such similarity may play a role in children's emotional adjustment. Moreover, no prior studies explored the potential contextual factors that may moderate the link between parent–child neural similarity and children's developmental outcomes. In this study, 32 parent–youth dyads (parents:Mage= 43.53 years, 72% female; children:Mage= 11.69 years, 41% female) watched an emotion-evoking animated film while being scanned using fMRI. We first quantified how similarly emotion network interacts with other brain regions in responding to the emotion-evoking film between parents and their children. We then examined how such parent–child neural similarity is associated with children's emotional adjustment, with attention to the moderating role of family cohesion. Results revealed that higher parent–child similarity in functional connectivity pattern during movie viewing was associated with better emotional adjustment, including less negative affect, lower anxiety, and greater ego resilience in youth. Moreover, such associations were significant only among families with higher cohesion, but not among families with lower cohesion. The findings advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying how children thrive by being in sync and attuned with their parents, and provide novel empirical evidence that the effects of parent–child concordance at the neural level on children's development are contextually dependent.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhat neural processes underlie the attunement between children and their parents that helps children thrive? Using a naturalistic movie-watching fMRI paradigm, we find that greater parent–child similarity in how emotion network interacts with other brain regions during movie viewing is associated with youth's better emotional adjustment including less negative affect, lower anxiety, and greater ego resilience. Interestingly, these associations are only significant among families with higher cohesion, but not among those with lower cohesion. Our findings provide novel evidence that parent–child shared neural processes to emotional situations can confer benefits to children, and underscore the importance of considering specific family contexts in which parent–child neural similarity may be beneficial or detrimental to children's development, highlighting a crucial direction for future research.
Propagation of Oscillations in the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
Authors: Wilson Charles J. , Jones James A.
Published: July 2023

Oscillatory signals propagate in the basal ganglia from prototypic neurons in the external globus pallidus (GPe) to their target neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), internal pallidal segment, and subthalamic nucleus. Neurons in the GPe fire spontaneously, so oscillatory input signals can be encoded as changes in timing of action potentials within an ongoing spike train. When GPe neurons were driven by an oscillatory current in male and female mice, these spike-timing changes produced spike-oscillation coherence over a range of frequencies extending at least to 100 Hz. Using the known kinetics of the GPe→SNr synapse, we calculated the postsynaptic currents that would be generated in SNr neurons from the recorded GPe spike trains. The ongoing synaptic barrage from spontaneous firing, frequency-dependent short-term depression, and stochastic fluctuations at the synapse embed the input oscillation into a noisy sequence of synaptic currents in the SNr. The oscillatory component of the resulting synaptic current must compete with the noisy spontaneous synaptic barrage for control of postsynaptic SNr neurons, which have their own frequency-dependent sensitivities. Despite this, SNr neurons subjected to synaptic conductance changes generated from recorded GPe neuron firing patterns also became coherent with oscillations over a broad range of frequencies. The presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic frequency sensitivities were all dependent on the firing rates of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Firing rate changes, often assumed to be the propagating signal in these circuits, do not encode most oscillation frequencies, but instead determine which signal frequencies propagate effectively and which are suppressed.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOscillations are present in all the basal ganglia nuclei, include a range of frequencies, and change over the course of learning and behavior. Exaggerated oscillations are a hallmark of basal ganglia pathologies, and each has a specific frequency range. Because of its position as a hub in the basal ganglia circuitry, the globus pallidus is a candidate origin for oscillations propagating between nuclei. We imposed low-amplitude oscillations on individual globus pallidus neurons at specific frequencies and measured the coherence between the oscillation and firing as a function of frequency. We then used these responses to measure the effectiveness of oscillatory propagation to other basal ganglia nuclei. Propagation was effective for oscillation frequencies as high as 100 Hz.
Environmental, mechanistic and evolutionary landscape of antibiotic persistence
Authors: Bollen Celien , Louwagie Elen , Verstraeten Natalie , Michiels Jan , Ruelens Philip
Published: July 2023

Recalcitrant infections pose a serious challenge by prolonging antibiotic therapies and contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance, thereby threatening the successful treatment of bacterial infections. One potential contributing factor in persistent infections is antibiotic persistence, which involves the survival of transiently tolerant subpopulations of bacteria. This review summarizes the current understanding of antibiotic persistence, including its clinical significance and the environmental and evolutionary factors at play. Additionally, we discuss the emerging concept of persister regrowth and potential strategies to combat persister cells. Recent advances highlight the multifaceted nature of persistence, which is controlled by deterministic and stochastic elements and shaped by genetic and environmental factors. To translate in vitro findings to in vivo settings, it is crucial to include the heterogeneity and complexity of bacterial populations in natural environments. As researchers continue to gain a more holistic understanding of this phenomenon and develop effective treatments for persistent bacterial infections, the study of antibiotic persistence is likely to become increasingly complex.
Thank you, sorry and please: English politeness markers in Polish
Authors:   University of Białystok, Poland, Lach Mirghani Katarzyna
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to analyse the use of the English politeness markers thankyou,sorryand pleasein Polish. My initial hypothesis was that the politeness markers have already been incorporated into the mental lexicon of Polish speakers, and are thus understood and accepted by them, but they do not have the prospect of replacing their Polish equivalents because they lack the necessary pragmatic force. Previ-ous studies (Terkourafi 2011; Peterson & Vaattovaara 2014) show that pragmatic borrowings are unlikely to do so. However, this corpus study finds a context in which a borrowing is used increasingly, namely sorryin the collocation with ale (ʻbutʼ). It seems to have started replacing its Polish equivalents in this context, as it constitutes 25% of all collocations of apologetic behaviour with alein the National Corpus of Polish. However, the majority of the occurrences of the analysed politeness markers in the corpus are restricted to Internet-mediated communication.
Actual Contours of the Formation of Value Orientations of Modern Schoolchildren in the Interaction of the School and the Scientific and Educational Center
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture, Design and Arts named after A. D. Kryachkov, Grebenkina Anna A. , Grebenkin Evgeny V. ,   Branch of the Southern Federal University
Published: July 2023

Values provide meaningful guidance necessary for the successful upbringing of the younger generation. The article presents a system of educational indicators based on the current regulatory documents. It is noted that in the current normative documents, education is defined as a purposeful activity aimed at developing the personality of students and creating favorable conditions for their self-determination and socialization on the basis of socio-cultural and spiritual and moral values. The presented system can help determine how effectively education at scientific and educational center corresponds to state policy. The inclusion of various social institutions in the educational process is indicated in the national initiative. The institutional approach is also important, as it allows us to consider education in the context of the school system as a whole, and not just as a separate process. The authors point out that the trajectory of the formation of values of modern schoolchildren allows us to understand what values and ideals are formed in the scientific and educational center and how they affect the development of the personality of students.
Possibilities of Building a Personalized Educational Trajectory Using Moodle Platform
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Kalmykova Svetlana V. , Andreeva Antonina A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: July 2023

The article examines the differences between the two concepts of personalization and individualization in the context of education. The authors emphasize that most scientists agree that it is necessary to distinguish between these terms. Individualization implies the possibility of choice for students within the framework of the main educational program, and personalization – the development of an educational path, taking into account the interests, experience and pace of mastering the material for each student individually. The authors of the article draw attention to the terminological ambiguity associated with the introduction of digital technologies in education and offer clear and concise formulations for defining terms. The article also describes the designer of individual educational trajectories – an innovative development – in the distance learning system of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, which allows you to create personalized educational trajectories based on materials posted on the Moodle platform by automating the selection of elements of disciplines according to a given professional profile.
Science Popularization on Nature of the Native Land
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Kravtsov Yuriy V. , Mishutina Olga V. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2023

The problem of popularization of scientific knowledge about the nature of the native land among students in higher and secondary schools is considered in connection with the requirements of the state for the formation of a holistic scientific picture of the world among graduates of educational institutions. The purpose of the article is to clear options for popularizing geographical knowledge in a regional context and their implementation into audience of schoolchildren, college and university students. Method of generalization of both options for popularizing scientific knowledge and information on global changes of temperature on the planet, their manifestation within the Novosibirsk Region and the role of human in these changes is used as the main one. The Interfaculty Technopark of Universal Pedagogical Competencies is an effective integrative platform where it is possible to combine the pedagogical efforts by school teachers, college and university lecturers, and experts in the field of geographical education. These activities help to educate the young generation and form information literacy on local history and tourism by providing the reliable facts on the natural environment. An example of science popularization on nature of the native land on the changes of global temperature in the Novosibirsk Region has been shown. Options for the application of the topic of temperature fluctuations in the thesis statement as one of the current issues in the educational process are proposed.
Route “Roads of Memory”: Resource of the Commemorative Practice on the Places of Hostilities on the Territory of Russia and Belarus (1941–1945)
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Kationova Anna O.
Published: July 2023

This article is devoted to the description of the implementation of the route “Roads of Memory” as a format of historical “immersion” in the research material that contributes to the reconstruction of social memory about the events of the Great Patriotic War, the phenomenon of human losses during the War, the formation of the meaning of this phenomenon and the veneration of humanistic value. This commemorative practice turned out to be extremely understandable and successful in the format of research objectives of the archival search team. In July 2019, a group of students with a professor, in connection with the 75th anniversary of the liberation of the Byelorussian SSR territory from the invaders, went to the Republic of Belarus in order to visit the brotherly burials where the remains of Siberians rest. The commemoration was called “Roads of Memory” and covered the route from Novosibirsk through Moscow to Smolensk – Roslavl – Minsk – Vitebsk. The participants visited the burial sites of Red Army soldiers who died in battles during the Great Patriotic War or in concentration camps. The study used a set of complementary methods that contribute both to the effectiveness of the search and to the professional promotion of the participants of the archival search team. The narration of the events described by the route “Roads of Memory” is a combination of a diary essay and storytelling, in the tradition of the narrative approach.
Pedagogical Conditions for the Development of Professionally Important Qualities of Future Employees of the Internal Affairs Bodies
Authors:   East-Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Zudaeva Veronika V.
Published: July 2023

The changing social, political and economic conditions of society are reflected in the professional training of employees of the internal affairs bodies. The carried out theoretical analysis and comprehension of the results of the research activities of domestic and foreign authors in the context of the prevailing realities allowed us to identify the contradiction between the importance of improving the level of professional training of law enforcement officers and the existing insufficiency in taking into account their personal and professional potential. The implementation of a set of pedagogical conditions within the framework of a pedagogical experiment, carried out in accordance with the selected stages of the formation of the phenomenon under study, demonstrated the maximum increase in the level of its formation among cadets of one of the experimental groups, in the educational process of which the entire complex of pedagogical conditions was introduced. With the introduction of the first pedagogical condition, the number of cadets of the experimental group with a low level of the phenomenon under study decreased by 24 %, increased with an average level of 20 % and a high level of 4 %; of the second pedagogical condition, the number of cadets with a low level decreased by 33%, increased with an average level by 21 % and with a high level by 12 %; from three pedagogical conditions, the number of cadets with a low level of the phenomenon under study decreased by 58 %, increased with an average level by 23 % and with a high level by 35 %. The empirical data obtained allowed us to conclude about their high efficiency, and the possibility of their recommendation for practical use in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Traditions in the System of art Education in Iraq
Authors:   Saratov National Research State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky, Al-Jazaeri Mohammed К.
Published: July 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the system of Iraqi art education by including objectively existing and expedient traditions in it in various historical periods of its development. Attention is drawn to the creative searches of artists in the many art schools that appeared in Iraq at the beginning of the 20th century, whose professional activities reflected the implementation of the ideas of modernity or/and its reconciliation with the cultural heritage of the country. As an example in the field of sculpture, the D. Selim Freedom Monument is given, the embodiment of which was based on the idea of combining the ancient history of Iraq with the modern themes, techniques and methods used in art at that time. The current system of art education in Iraq is presented, the starting point of which is the Academy of Fine Arts, which today acts as the leading educational institution of artistic orientation among those located in cities such as Babylon, Basra, Devaniya, Mosul and other art institutions. We consider art education itself as an educational process that helps young people with different views and beliefs learn to understand the language of art, use existing traditions in their artistic work. In conclusion, it is concluded that the system of art education in Iraq continues to work and develop, taking into account long-standing and newly acquired traditions in various art schools, reflecting the views, beliefs of artists in their work, formed under the influence of history, culture, politics, etc. of their country.
Development of Professional Competencies of Teachers in the Prevention and Elimination of Bullying at School
Authors:   Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University, Khakimova Nailya G. , Gumerova Marina M. ,   Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University, Sadykova Liliya R. ,   Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the problem of bullying, presents the experience of working on the formation of professional competence of teachers in matters related to the prevention and elimination of bullying in the school environment. Professional competence is defined by us as the ability and readiness of a teacher to solve pedagogical problems, which is manifested in the methods of professional actions, in behavior, and in the pedagogical position of the teacher. The problem of the article is what are the effective ways and means of developing the competencies of teachers to prevent and eliminate bullying at school. The purpose of the article is to describe and justify the effectiveness of the proposed ways and means of forming the professional competencies of teachers in the prevention and elimination of bullying at school. Methodology. The article presents a methodological description of activities to develop the competencies of teachers in the interaction “university-school”. The content, structure and forms of activity were designed on the basis of diagnosing the level of formation of psychological and pedagogical competencies of teachers. The assessment was carried out by solving case-tasks. The identified problems of teachers determined the program of advanced training for teachers, the topics of seminars, as well as the choice of intensive forms of work. The analysis of the results of the implementation of the advanced training program was based on data compared “before” and “after” (test-retest) the implementation of the advanced training program for teachers. Case-tasks were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program lessons. Research results. Discussion. A program of advanced training for teachers is presented, aimed at developing the professional competence of teachers to prevent and eliminate bullying at school. Conclusion. The materials for diagnosing the professional competencies of teachers are of practical value for the development of professional development programs for teachers to prevent and eliminate bullying at school.
Formation of the System of Secondary Vocational Education in Russia: Problems and Development Prospects
Authors:   Novosibirsk Medical College, Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Tropnikova Valeriya V.
Published: July 2023

The training of personnel as a resource for transformations is associated with the effectiveness of state management decisions in the education sector; the use of both direct, legislative tools, and indirect ones that affect the development of human capital, such as motivation, individualization, increasing the stock of knowledge and professional experience during training. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the role of the state in the development of the system of secondary vocational education; with the identification of factors influencing the stages of its transformation. Methodology. The analysis of literature on the topic of research in the unity of logical and historical methods of cognition is used. Results. It is shown that in all historical periods the state regulation of the education system is significant. At present, the social mission of education has been strengthened; modern positive educational strategies have been developed to fill the labor market. Conclusion. It is determined that the formation of the education system, as a historically established system of personnel training, is associated with the unity and integrity of the general educational space of Russia, the uniqueness of the national educational system. The advantage of the Russian experience is the preservation of traditions and continuity of pedagogical experience, the continuous organization of natural science education, the methodological content of subjects. Initiatives for the further development of the system of secondary vocational education are connected with the political and economic foundations of the transformation. The need to preserve traditional Russian national values while preparing a specialist for a technocratic society seems to be the subject of further discussions.
Specific Features of Operations of Semantic Syntaxing of Separate and Coherent Statements in oral and Written Speech in Younger Schoolchildren with Severe Speech Disorders
Authors:   Center of Education and Health “Master”, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Fur Ekaterina P. , Yakovlev Sergey B. ,   Russian State Pedagogical University named after A. I. Herzen
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of semantic level of syntaxing in the oral and written speech of younger schoolchildren with severe speech disorders. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the research of the semantic level of the syntactic component of the language ability of younger students with severe speech disorders. For a long time, the essence of the syntactic component of language ability was considered from the position of surface structure. In most cases, existing studies describe the external manifestations of syntactic disorders and do not reveal their mechanisms. At present, the issue of searching for the unformed mechanisms of the syntactic component of language ability has become relevant. According to T. V. Akhutina`s point of view, there are three multi-level syntax operations, that are carried out as an actualization of the frame, the slots of which are filled with the help of operations of selecting elements from the semantic-lexical paradigms of the appropriate level: meaningful, semantic and the level of formal-grammatical structuring (T. V. Akhutina, A. R. Luria, A. A. Leontiev and others). The lack of formation of one of the components prevents from successful making the syntactic component and the language ability in general. The topicality of identifying the features of the formation of the semantic level of syntax of primary school students is due, on the one hand, to the importance of its formation for the development of language ability, and on the other hand, to the insufficient development of the content and methods of speech therapy work in this direction. Errors that indicate the lack of formation of the semantic level of syntax of younger students with severe speech disorders consist in violation of the process of structuring a non-speech situation, the impossibility of calculating its components, which caused errors in the formation of the program of a separate and coherent statement in oral and written speech even at the pre-linguistic stage.
Transparency of Shariah Supervisory Board Information in Islamic Banks of Indonesia and Malaysia: The Effect of Islamic Corporate Governance
Authors: Gusrianti Gusrianti , Sari Putri Hendra
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine the level of transparency of Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia by looking at the level of transparency of information related to the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) in Islamic banks in both countries and the influence of various characteristics of SSB on the disclosure.Method: The study covers the period 2012-2019 and the research data was obtained by conducting content analysis on the annual reports of Islamic banks.Findings: The results of the regression test show that the size and expertise of SSB have no effect on the disclosure of SSB by Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia. SSB cross-membership has a positive effect on SSB-related disclosures in both countries. This study shows that the experience and knowledge gained by SSB members from their positions as SSB at various other Islamic financial institutions has a positive influence on the ability of SSB to increase the transparency of information about SSBs in Islamic banks.Novelty: This study contributes to providing empirical evidence and literature on the importance of the role of SSB in determining the level of transparency carried out by Islamic banks in the majority and most populous Islamic country in the world.
The Effect of Role Conflicts on Turnover Intention Auditors of Public Accounting Firms in The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lucyanda Jurica , Pratiwi Monica Weni , Hady Shofiyah
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurpose: This study aims to examine the model of antecedents and consequences of role conflict of auditors working in Big 4 public accounting firms (KAP) in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The role conflicts used in the study were work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). The antecedent variable of the WFC and FWC used in the study is supervisor support. While the consequence variables of WFC and FWC are job stress, job satisfaction, job performance, and turnover intention. This study used conflict theory and conservation of resource theory to construct the hypotheses.Method: This research method is a survey method using electronic questionnaires.   Respondents of this study are auditors working in KAP Big 4.Results: The results concluded that supervisor support was negatively significant to family-work conflict but not significant to work-family conflict. The results concluded that role conflicts impact job stress, job satisfaction, performance, and turnover intention.Novelty: This article contributes to research in behavioral accounting, primarily related to the topic of job stress due to role conflicts felt by auditors because having to work from home during the Covid-19 pandemic finally impacts turnover intentions.
The multi-omic landscape of sex chromosome abnormalities: current status and future directions
Authors: Tallaksen Helene Bandsholm Leere , Johannsen Emma B , Just Jesper , Viuff Mette Hansen , Gravholt Claus H , Skakkebæk Anne
Published: July 2023

Sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs) are chromosomal disorders with either a complete or partial loss or gain of sex chromosomes. The most frequent SCAs include Turner syndrome (45,X), Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY), Trisomy X syndrome (47,XXX), and Double Y syndrome (47,XYY). The phenotype seen in SCAs is highly variable and may not merely be due to the direct genomic imbalance from altered sex chromosome gene dosage but also due to additive alterations in gene networks and regulatory pathways across the genome as well as individual genetic modifiers. This review summarizes the current insight into the genomics of SCAs. In addition, future directions of research that can contribute to decipher the genomics of SCA are discussed such as single-cell omics, spatial transcriptomics, system biology thinking, human-induced pluripotent stem cells, and animal models, and how these data may be combined to bridge the gap between genomics and the clinical phenotype.
Increased incidence of thyroid disease in patients with sarcoidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xin Caihong , Niu Lijuan , Fan Huaying , Xie Jing , Sun Xin
Published: July 2023

Background

Sarcoidosis is a multiple systemic granulomatous disease, and its main pathological feature is non-caseous necrotic epithelial granuloma. The pathogenesis is not fully understood. The prevalence of thyroid disease is likely higher among individuals with sarcoidosis. However, this association still lacks clinical evidence.

Objective

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of thyroid disease in patients with sarcoidosis.

Methods

A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure literature databases. Fixed- or random-effects models were used for analysis according to heterogeneity. The results were subjected to meta-analysis with odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

In total, six articles were included in this meta-analysis, which involved 2044 sarcoidosis cases and 5652 controls. The studies found that the incidence of thyroid disease in patients with sarcoidosis was significantly increased compared to the controls (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.83–5.88).

Conclusions

This systematic review is the first to evaluate the incidence of thyroid disease in sarcoidosis patients, which was increased compared with the controls, suggesting that sarcoidosis patients should be screened for thyroid disease.
Comparison of primary total hip arthroplasty with limited open reduction and internal fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation for geriatric acetabular fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tu Ting-Yu , Chen Chun-Yu , Lin Pei-Chin , Hsu Chih-Yang , Lin Kai-Cheng
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Comminuted fractures with poor bone quality in the elderly are associated with poor outcomes. An alternative to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) alone, primary or acute total hip arthroplasty (aTHA), allows early mobilization with full weight bearing. In this study, we aim to analyze whether treatment of aTHA with/withtout ORIF (limited ORIF) vs ORIF alone yields better intra-operative results, functional outcomes, and less complications.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Random-effects model and 95% confidence intervals were used. The outcomes of interest were surgery time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, Harris hip score (HHS), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), complication rate, surgical site infection rate, heterotopic ossification rate, reoperation rate, and mortality rate.

Results

Ten observational studies with a total of 642 patients (415 ORIF alone and 227 aTHA with/without ORIF) were included in the systematic review. Compared to ORIF alone, aTHA with limited ORIF provided higher HHS (P = 0.029), better physical function (P = 0.008), better physical component summary (P = 0.001), better mental component summary (P = 0.043) in postoperative 1-year SF-36, lesser complication rate (P = 0.001), and lesser reoperation rate (P = 0.000), but however greater bodily pain (P = 0.001) in acetabular fractured elderlies.

Conclusions

Acute THA with limited ORIF is favorable alternative to ORIF technique alone. It provided better HHS, physical, and mental component summary in SF-36 and yielded lower complication and reoperation rate compare to ORIF alone.
Review of perioperative outcomes and management of hip fracture patients on direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Wall Pelle V , Mitchell Brendon C , Ta Canhnghi N , Kent William T
Published: July 2023

Anticoagulation use is common in elderly patients presenting with hip fractures and has been shown to delay time to surgery (TTS). Delays in operative treatment have been associated with worse outcomes in hip fracture patients. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) comprise a steadily increasing proportion of all oral anticoagulation. Currently, no clear guidelines exist for perioperative management of hip fracture patients taking DOACs.

DOAC use is associated with increased TTS, with delays frequently greater than 48 h from hospital presentation. Increased mortality has not been widely demonstrated in DOAC patients, despite increased TTS. Timing of surgery was not found to be associated with increased risk of transfusion or bleeding.

Early surgery appears to be safe in patients taking DOACs presenting with a hip fracture, but is not currently widely accepted due to factors such as site-specific anesthesiologic protocols that periodically delay surgery. Direct oral anticoagulant use should not routinely delay surgical treatment in hip fracture patients.

Surgical strategies to limit blood loss should be considered and include efficient surgical fixation, topical application of hemostatic agents, and the use of intra-operative cell salvage.

Anesthesiologic strategies have utility in minimizing risk and a collaborative effort to minimize blood loss should be undertaken by the surgeon and anesthesiologist. Anesthesia team interventions include considerations regarding positioning, regional anesthesia, permissive hypotension, avoidance of hypothermia, judicious administration of blood products, and the use of systemic hemostatic agents.
Lateral hinge fracture in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: a narrative review
Authors: Franulic Nicolás , Muñoz José Tomas , Figueroa Francisco , Innocenti Piero , Gaggero Nicolás
Published: July 2023

Lateral hinge fractures (LHF) are one of the most common complications of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO), and are the leading cause of construct instability displacement, non-union, and varus recurrence after this procedure.

To date, Takeuchi’s classification is the most popular classification to describe this complication, and it can help surgeons to make intra and postoperative decisions.

Opening medial gap width is the most recognized factor related to LHF occurrence.

Recognizing the implications of LHF in patients’ clinical and radiographic results has led many authors to propose surgical tips and the use of osteosynthesis materials such as K-wires and screws for its prevention, which should be considered when identifying risk factors for LHF during preoperative planning.

The evidence for determining the optimal management of LHF is scarce and mostly supported by experts’ opinions and recommendations; therefore, studies are still needed to identify the most appropriate behavior when dealing with such a complication.
1st EFORT European Consensus “Medical & Scientific Research Requirements for the Clinical Introduction of Artificial Joint Arthroplasty Devices”: Background, Delphi Methodology & Consensus process
Authors: Grupp Thomas M , Rusch Sabine , Massin Philippe , Blom Ashley , Garcia-Rey Eduardo , Cristofolini Luca , Janssen Dennis , Grimm Bernd , Giurea Alexander , Jäger Marcus , Siccardi Francesco , Overgaard Søren
Published: July 2023

The objectives of the 1st EFORT European Consensus on ‘Medical and Scientific Research Requirements for the Clinical Introduction of Artificial Joint Arthroplasty Devices’ were foremost to focus on patient safety by establishing performance requirements for medical devices.

The 1st EFORT European Consensus applied an a priori-defined, modified Delphi methodology to produce unbiased, high-quality recommendation statements, confirmed by consensus voting of a European expert panel.

Intended key outcomes are practical guidelines justified by the current stage of knowledge and based on a broad European Expert Consensus, to maintain innovation and optimisation of orthopaedic devices within the boundaries of MDR 2017/745.

Twenty-one main research areas of relevance were defined relying on input from the EFORT IPSI WG1 ‘Introduction of Innovation’ recommendations and a related survey.

A modified Delphi approach with a preparatory literature review and work in small groups were used to prepare answers to the research questions in the form of 32 draft Consensus statements.

A Consensus Conference in a hybrid format, on-site in the Carl Gustav Carus University of Dresden was organised to further refine the draft statements and define consensus within the complete group of participants by final voting, intended to further quantify expert opinion knowledge.

The modified Delphi approach provides practical guidelines for hands-on orientation for orthopaedic surgeons, research institutes and laboratories, orthopaedic device manufacturers, patient representatives, Notified Bodies, National Institutes and authorities.

For the first time, initiated by the EFORT IPSI (WG1 ‘Introduction of Innovation’), knowledge of all related stakeholders was combined in the 1st EFORT European Consensus to develop guidelines and result in a comprehensive set of recommendations.
Topological transitivity of translation operators in a non-separable Hilbert space
Authors: Novosad Z.H.
Published: July 2023

We consider a Hilbert space of entire analytic functions on a non-separable Hilbert space, associated with a non-separable Fock space. We show that under some conditions operators, like the differentiation operators and translation operators, are topologically transitive in this space.
El descubrimiento de la tumba de Tutankhamón: las visitas de H. Carter a España
Authors: Pons Mellado E.
Published: July 2023

ISIMU
Pyrolysis of tobacco residue. Part 2: Catalytic
Authors: Akalın Mehmet K. , Karagöz Selhan
Published: July 2023

The pyrolysis of tobacco residue in the presence of metal oxides and metal chlorides was investigated at 300, 400, and 500 °C. Catalysts used were Al2O3, Fe2O3, AlCl3, and SnCl4 in concentrations from 1 up to 5 wt% of the tobacco residue feedstock. The amount of catalysts and the pyrolysis temperature had significant effect on both product distributions and bio-oil composition. The catalytic effect was dominant at the lowest temperature (300 °C). The pyrolysis temperature was decreased by 200 °C compared to the thermal run. Bio-oil contained a large variety of compounds. Nicotine, which is very stable until temperatures in excess of 600 °C, could be degraded at the lowest temperature by using 1 wt% of AlCl3 and 1 wt% of Fe2O3.
Acid, acrylamide and zeolite modification of cellulosic esparto fibers for dyes decolourisation
Authors: Ben Marzoug Imed , Alag Lamiss , Sakli Faouzi , Roudesli Sadok
Published: July 2023

The decolourisation of reactive and cationic dyes by physical and chemical modified esparto fibers was investigated. Previously the decolourisation of reactive dyes only had been tested and optimized using untreated esparto fibers and those reinforced by zeolite. Non-treated cellulosic esparto fibers can absorb an important amount of dyes. In order to improve absorption properties of esparto fibers, chemical graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AA), itaconic acid (IA), and a mixture of acrylamide and IA was performed using potassium persulfate as initiator. The effect of physical modification by zeolite was investigated. Reinforced zeolite esparto fibers were obtained from cellulose esparto fibers pre-treated with NaOH, and preformed zeolite powders. The IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal behavior, as well as the surface morphology of the treated fibers were also studied. The results showed that zeolite treated esparto fibers (the first time application of this kind) are more efficient adsorbents than luffa fibers.
Investigation of the chemical structure of carboxylated and carboxymethylated fibers from waste paper via XRD and FTIR analysis
Authors: Mohkami Mohammad , Talaeipour Mohammad
Published: July 2023

This paper describes preparation of carboxymethylated and carboxylated cellulosic fibers from waste paper. Chemical properties of the product were distinguished by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectral analysis. To produce carboxylated and crosslinked fibers and also to increase the anionic surface charge of the fibers, maleic anhydride was used in three different batches; 0, 1%, and 5%. The treatment condition for producing carboxymethylated fibers also involved the use of isopropanol, sodium hydroxide solution, and monochloroacetic acid. The product was purified with 70/30 methanol/ water. Then one sample was neutralized with acetic acid and the other was considered as a sample without having been neutralized. Effects of these treatments were evaluated by FTIR and XRD analysis. The results of FTIR analysis indicated that the carboxyl and methyl functional groups had increased in the carboxymethylated fibers and that just carboxyl groups had increased in carboxylated fibers. The results of XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity of cellulose had decreased in both the carboxymethylated and carboxylated fibers.
Effect of soaking process in water on the acoustical quality of wood for traditional musical instruments
Authors: Roohnia Mehran , Hashemi-dizaji Seyed-Fariborz , Brancheriau Loïc , Tajdini Ajang , Hemmasi Amir-Hooman , Manouchehri Negin
Published: July 2023

The damping coefficient of the first mode in the longitudinal vibration of mulberry and walnut woods was characterized to find justifications for the water soaking of woods in traditional musical instrument industries in Iran. Visually clear and sound beams were prepared from Morus alba and Juglans regia, and the damping coefficient in the temporal field was evaluated before and after three continuous cycles of soaking of specimens in distilled water (24 hours, pH 7, and temperature 50 oC). Experiments were conducted with free longitudinal vibration using the free-free bar method in 360 × 20 × 20 (L ×R ×T) dimensions. Soaking cycles homogenized and decreased the damping coefficient in both species. On the basis of such results, the suitability of water soaked specimens is discussed in traditional musical instrument industries in Iran, taking into the account the longitudinal sound velocity, modulus of elasticity, and density affecting the acoustic limits. These two series of testing specimens were suitable in resonators and xylophone bars for backs, sides, and ribs and not for top plates, unless as the outstanding piece, since they marginally meet the density, sound velocity and damping coefficient limits qualified for those applications.
Hyper-production of beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase by Aspergillus niger NCIM 1207 in xylan-containing media
Authors: Khisti Ujwala , Bastawde Kulbhushan B. , Gokhale Digambar V.
Published: July 2023

Aspergillus niger NCIM 1207 produced significantly high levels of β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase activities in submerged fermentation. Cellulose induced only β-glucosidase, while xylan induced both β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase activities. Both the enzymes of this strain were found to undergo catabolite repression in the presence of high concentrations of glucose and glycerol. The sudden drop in pH of the fermentation medium below 3.5 caused the inactivation of enzymes when the fungus was grown in glycerol-containing media at lower temperatures. The growth of the organism at 36 oC led to an increase in pH of the fermentation above 6.0 that affected β-xylosidase activity significantly. Highest levels of β-glucosidase ((19 IU mL-1 or 633 IU g-1 of substrate) and β-xylosidase (18.7 IU/mL-1 or 620 IU g-1 of substrate) activities were detected when A. niger was grown at 30 oC for first five days followed by further incubation at 36 oC. Such a process of growing the organism at lower temperatures (growth phase) followed by producing the enzymes at higher temperatures (production phase) in case of fungal systems has not been reported so far. The zymogram staining of the β-glucosidase demonstrated that A. niger produced only single species of β-glucosidase. We feel that A. niger NCIM 1207 is a potential candidate to produce both β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase in high amounts that can be used to supplement commercial cellulase preparation.