bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeitos sedativo e cardiorrespiratório da administração da metadona, isoladamente ou em associação à acepromazina ou xilazina, em gatos
Authors: Monteiro Eduardo Raposo , Picoli Fabricia Mateus , Queiroz Marisa Guizeline de Oliveira , Campagnol Daniela , Quitzan Juliany Gomes
Published: September 2016

Seis felinos com peso médio de 3,3±0,3 kg foram aleatoriamente submetidos a 6 tratamentos, com intervalo mínimo de 1 semana. Os animais receberam a administração intramuscular de solução fisiológica (controle), metadona (0,3 mg/kg), acepromazina (0,1 mg/kg), xilazina (1,0 mg/kg), acepromazina (0,05 mg/kg) + metadona (0,3 mg/kg) ou xilazina (0,5 mg/kg) + metadona (0,3 mg/kg). As freqüências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR), a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), a temperatura retal, o grau de sedação e o reflexo interdigital foram avaliados antes (basal) e após a administração dos tratamentos em intervalos específicos por 90 minutos. Nos animais tratados com xilazina ou xilazina/metadona, houve diminuição em FR, FC e na temperatura retal. Nos mesmos tratamentos, 1/6 e 2/6 animais não apresentaram reflexo interdigital em pelo menos um dos momentos avaliados. Nos animais que receberam a administração de 0,1 mg/kg de acepromazina, houve diminuição em PAS. Os escores de sedação foram mais elevados nos animais que receberam a administração de xilazina ou xilazina associada à metadona. A administração da metadona isolada ou associada à acepromazina resultou em sedação considerada insatisfatória e sinais de excitação em alguns animais. O uso da metadona isolado ou em associação à acepromazina foi considerado ineficaz quando se objetiva sedação moderada à intensa. A associação da metadona à xilazina produz sedação moderada à intensa, sendo esse efeito semelhante àquele observado após a administração da xilazina isoladamente em dose mais elevada.
Efeito de um quelante de cálcio, um detergente e da lecitina de soja sobre a qualidade do sêmen caprino congelado-descongelado
Authors: Bittencourt Rodrigo Freitas , Ribeiro Filho Antônio De Lisboa , Lima Marcos Chalhoub Coelho , Alves Sidney Gonçalves Gonzalez , Vasconcelos Marta Freitas , Biscarde Carmo Emanuel , Leal Luciana Da Silva , Oba Eunice
Published: September 2016

Nove amostras de sêmen de dois caprinos adultos, colhidas com a utilização de vagina artificial, foram submetidas a criopreservação, com o objetivo de verificar o efeito do Equex STM Paste e do EDTA, adicionados a um diluidor a base de Tris-gema de ovo, sobre a viabilidade espermática pós-descongelação. Também foi objetivo desse trabalho, avaliar a utilização de um diluidor comercial, a base de lecitina de soja (Bioexcell® - IMV, L'Aigle, França), para a congelação do sêmen caprino. Assim, foram formados cinco grupos experimentais: TRIS; TRIS+EDTA; TRIS+EQUEX; TRIS+EQUEX+EDTA e Bioexcell. Logo depois da avaliação, o sêmen foi diluído nos diferentes meios e envasado em palhetas de 0,25 mL, com dose inseminante de 100 x 10(6) espermatozóides. As amostras foram submetidas ao resfriamento, com uma curva média de 0,46°C/min, até atingirem a temperatura de 5°C, mantidas por mais 75min em tempo de equilíbrio e, posteriormente, congeladas em nitrogênio líquido. A descongelação foi realizada em banho-maria a 37ºC por 50s. Não houve diferença (P>;0,05) entre as médias de motilidade total e progressiva, em relação aos grupos TRIS, TRIS+EQUEX e TRIS+EQUEX+EDTA. O grupo Bioexcell obteve o menor (P<0,05) percentual de espermatozóides com motilidade total e progressiva após a descongelação. Após o teste de termoresistência, as melhores (P<0,05) taxas de motilidade total e progressiva foram observadas para os grupos com Equex STM (TRIS+EQUEX e TRIS+EQUEX+EDTA). Assim, pode-se afirmar que a adição do Equex promove uma maior manutenção das taxas de viabilidade espermática após a descongelação, quando comparado com os diluidores que não o continham.
Influência da administração crônica de fluoreto de sódio na função e histologia hepática de ovinos
Authors: Filappi Andreane , Prestes Danívia , Garmatz Bruna , Lopes Sônia Dos Anjos , Cecim Marcelo
Published: September 2016

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de investigar o efeito da ingestão acumulativa de fluoreto de sódio sobre o metabolismo hepático de ovinos. O experimento foi conduzido com 12 animais da raça Texel x Ile de France, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos iguais. O grupo controle recebeu sal iodado (5 g de NaCl/animal + 0,2 ppm I/kg matéria seca) e o grupo tratado, o mesmo sal iodado adicionado de fluoreto de sódio (4,7 mg F/kg de peso corporal), diariamente, por um período de 150 dias. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas aos 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias de tratamento. Ainda, nesses mesmos momentos, com uma coleta também no tempo zero, os animais foram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas para obtenção de urina produzida em 24 horas. Após o sacrifício dos animais, uma amostra de fígado foi removida para avaliação histológica. Verificou-se elevação nas concentrações séricas e urinárias de F no grupo tratado. Quanto às concentrações séricas de proteína total, albumina e colesterol total, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos, assim como não houve na atividade das enzimas gama glutamiltransferase e aspartato aminotransferase. No exame histológico do fígado, não foram observadas alterações. A administração de fluoreto de sódio na dose e duração deste estudo não induz a hepatotoxicidade.
Análise comparativa da densidade de neurônios em áreas corticais de diferentes raças de cães
Authors: Esteves Alessandra , Prada Irvênia Luiza de Santis , Carvalho Ana Flávia de , Mançanares Celina Furlanetto , Miglino Maria Angélica , Rosa Ricardo , Roqueto Marco Antônio
Published: September 2016

Foram estudadas e comparadas as densidades neuronais do córtex cerebral de três raças de cães, com tipos constitucionais e aptidões funcionais característicos e distintos entre si. Dos encéfalos foram retirados fragmentos das diferentes áreas do córtex cerebral, correspondentes ao sistema límbico, visual, auditiva, motor, paladar, olfato e à área somestésica. Através de contagem visual-manual, foram buscados dados comparativos, entre áreas cerebrais versus raça associando tipos constitucionais versus aptidão funcional. Os fatores raças, áreas funcionais e hemisférios cerebrais podem ser variáveis dependentes entre si, pois foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em valores correspondentes à média de densidade de neurônios das áreas estudadas nas diferentes raças, bem como entre os hemisférios cerebrais. Os resultados permitem concluir que a distribuição quantitativa de neurônios nas diferentes áreas corticais estudadas mostra diferenças significativas que estabelecem correlações com as aptidões funcionais e respectivos tipos constitucionais das raças enfocadas.
Resistência antimicrobiana de bactérias do gênero Listeria spp: isoladas de carne moída bovina
Authors: Mantilla Samira Pirola Santos , Franco Robson Maia , Oliveira Luiz Antônio Trindade de , Santos Érica Barbosa , Gouvêa Raquel
Published: September 2016

Com o aumento do uso de antimicrobianos como promotores de crescimento e até mesmo com fins terapêuticos na criação de animais de produção, existe o interesse global referente ao consumo de baixos níveis de resíduos de antimicrobianos em alimentos e os efeitos destes na saúde humana. A ingestão de alimentos contendo resíduos de fármacos antimicrobianos pode ocasionar resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos utilizados rotineiramente na terapêutica humana, dificultando o tratamento de enfermidades infecciosas humanas. Neste experimento foi realizado o teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos em cepas de Listeria spp. isoladas a partir de amostras de carnes bovinas, através da metodologia descrita pelo NCCLS em 2003. De acordo com os resultados, todas as cepas isoladas foram resistentes à maioria dos antimicrobianos testados. As cepas de L. monocytogenes foram resistentes à gentamicina, cefoxitina, ampicilina, clindamicina, oxaciclina e sulfazotrim. As cepas de L. innocua isoladas foram resitentes à gentamicina, cefoxitina, tetraciclina, vancomicina, oxaciclina e clindamicina.
Os estudos de bioequivalência: Relevância para a medicina veterinária
Authors: Palermo-Neto João , Righi Dario Abbud
Published: September 2016

Os estudos de Bioequivalência (BE) são utilizados para a comparação de diferentes produtos farmacêuticos que contêm o mesmo princípio ativo, de diferentes lotes de um mesmo produto ou, ainda e de uma maneira ampla, de diferentes vias de administração de um mesmo medicamento. No Brasil dos dias de hoje, encontramos legislações sobre medicamentos genéricos e bioequivalência apenas na área de Medicina Humana. No campo da Medicina Veterinária, os testes de BE têm sido considerados, em muitos países, como requerimentos necessários para o registro de produtos destinados aos animais visto que eles asseguram, ao mesmo tempo, a eficácia do produto, a saúde dos animais tratados e a qualidade dos alimentos provenientes desses animais. O presente trabalho faz uma revisão crítica sobre BE. Para tanto, o assunto foi dividido em três grandes partes: 1- Entendendo a bioequivalência: importância de estudos de BE para a saúde animal e humana; 2- tipos de estudos de BE; 3- considerações gerais sobre delineamentos experimentais que envolvam estudos de bioequivalência
Aspectos bioquímicos do plasma e fluido peritoneal de eqüinos com cólica
Authors: Valadão Carlos Augusto Araújo , Avila Júnior Orpheu Souza de , Campos Filho Eugenio de
Published: September 2016

Compararam-se as características do plasma e do fluido peritoneal entre 6 eqüinos clinicamente sadios com as de outros 16 eqüinos com cólica. Encontrou-se uma elevação significante na taxa de proteínas plasmáticas totais e na concentração do fosfato inorgânico nos eqüinos com cólica. Este fato esteve diretamente relacionado a lesões isquêmicas intestinais. Assim, conclui-se que algumas alterações bioquímicas do plasma e do fluido peritoneal, quando analisadas em conjunto com os dados obtidos noexame clínico, são bons indicadores da severidade do caso.
Utilização de marcadores de DNA para o diagnóstico genômico de animais domésticos: 2. Detecção da mutação pontual causadora da Paralisia Hipercalêmica Periódica (HYPP) em eqüinos da raça Quarto de Milha
Authors: Garcia José Fernando , Gurgel André Sanches do Amaral , Visintin José Antonio , Lunge Vagner Ricardo , Duarte Marcelo Barbante , Bertolli Jarbas Leonel
Published: September 2016

Analisaram-se 12 eqüinos da raça Quarto de Milha, descendentes da linhagem Impressive. Submeteram-se os DNAs, purificados a partir de leucócitos destes animais, à técnica de Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) e posterior digestão com a enzima de restrição Taq I. Estabeleceu-se, dessa maneira, o diagnóstico genômico da Paralisia Hipercalêmica Periódica (HYPP). Os exames revelaram que 9 animais eram portadores heterozigotos (N/H) e 3, normais homozigotos (N/N). A partir do desenvolvimento da metodologia de PCR tornou-se possível diagnosticar o problema e propor maneiras de controle do alastramento desse gene defectivo na população por meio da detecção de animais portadores e normais.
Utilização de sucedâneos de leite no aleitamento de caprinos mestiços desmamados precocemente
Authors: Castro Jacilene Maria da Cunha , Bizutti Oziel , Lucci Carlos De Sousa , Melotti Laércio
Published: September 2016

Foram utilizados 19 cabritos machos e fêmeas, mestiços, com idade de 4 dias e peso médio de 3,09 kg, com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização de sucedâneos de leite sobre o desenvolvimento ponderai de animais desmamados precocemente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial (3x2) em que ostratamentos foram: leite de cabra (T1), sucedâneo com proteínas lácteas (T2), e sucedâneo com proteínas de soja (T3), aplicados a machos e fêmeas. Em todos os tratamentos os animais recebiam mistura de concentrados com 14,0% de proteína bruta e feno de coast-cross. O consumo de leite e sucedâneos foi restrito a 1,0 litro/animal/dia. Osganhos diários de peso em T1 (130 g) foram significativamente maiores (p<0,01) que nos demais tratamentos: T2 (55 g) e T3 (60 g). Os cabritos foram desmamados aos 56 dias de idade, com pesos médios de 9,51; 6,61 e 6,30 kg (respectivamente para T1, T2 e T3). O presente trabalho mostrou que o emprego de sucedâneos com leite de vaca e com proteína de soja é inferior ao leite de cabra, dentro de um sistema de aleitamento artificial.
Ramificação e distribuição dos nervos frênicos no diafragma de jumentos do Nordeste brasileiro (Asinus asinus)
Authors: Amorim Júnior Adelmar Afonso de , Prada Irvênia Luiza de Santis , Miglino Maria Angélica
Published: September 2016

Mediante fixação e dissecação, foram examinadas, em 30 diafragmas de jumentos do Nordeste brasileiro (Asinusasinus), sendo 15 de machos e 15 de fêmeas, adultos, a ramificação e a distribuição dos nervos frênicos direito e esquerdo, tendo-se observado que: 1) Os nervos frênicos resolvem-se mais freqüentemente em tronco lombocostal e ramo esternal, tanto à direita (76,7%) como à esquerda (53,3%), com disposição simétrica em parte dos casos (43,3%); 2) Os ramos lombares destinam-se aos pilares correspondentes {pars lumbalis), cedendo ainda, da direita, filete nervoso ao pilar mediai esquerdo (3,3%), folíolo dorsal direito (6,7%) e folíolo ventral (3,3%) e, o da esquerda, filete nervoso ao pilar mediai direito (53,3%), folíolo dorsal esquerdo (13,3%) ou folíolo ventral (6,7%); 3) Os ramos costais distribuem-se à região dorsal da pars costatis do lado correspondente, tanto à direita como à esquerda e, ainda, à região ventral (3,3%) à direita, ao folíolo dorsal direito (3,3%) e, à esquerda, ao folíolo dorsal esquerdo (10,0%); 4) Os ramos esternais distribuem-se, do mesmo lado, à pars sternalis e região ventral da pars costalis, emitindo, ainda à direita, filete nervoso para a veia cava caudal (3,3%) ou para o folíolo ventral (3,3%).
Valores de referência de fibrinogênio plasmático eni macaco prego (Cebus ape I la), anestesiado com Quetamina
Authors: Molina Silvio Ricardo , Larsson Junior Carlos Eduardo , Mirandola Regina Mieko Sakata , Larsson Maria Helena Matiko Akao , Fedullo José Daniel Luzes , Birgel Eduardo Harry
Published: September 2016

Determinaram-se os valores de referência de fibrinogênio plasmático em macaco prego (Cebus apella). Para tanto, utilizaram-se 108 animais sadios, dos quais 53 machos (12 jovens e 41 adultos) e 55 fêmeas (20 jovens e 35 adultas), submetidos, previamente, a exame clínico. A coleta do material (sangue) foi realizada por punção da veia femoral direita e/ou esquerda com os animais anestesiados com quetamina, por via intramuscular, na dose de 10 mg/kg. A determinação da fibrinogenemia foi realizada no soro, obtido após a centrifugação do sangue, segundo técnica descrita por Schalm et al.'s (1975). Obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados expressos em mg/dl
Pesquisa anatômica da glândula pineal em capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochoeris)
Authors: Branco Erika Renata , Guimarães Ademir , Miglino Maria Angélica , Didio Liberato J.A. , Nurmberger Jr. Rodolfo , Souza Wilson Machado de
Published: September 2016

A glândula pineal foi estudada macro e microscopicamente em 19 capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochoeris) jovens e adultas, fêmeas e machos. A pineal, presente em todos os espécimes, estava localizada entre o cérebro e o cerebelo, e era formada por uma base com dois pedúnculos, uma haste e um ápice. A glândula localizava-se no teto do III ventrículo, próximo ao colículorostral, mostrando-se esbranquiçada ou acastanhada. O ápice continha uma cavidade. O comprimento médio da glândula na base foi de 1,3 mm; 1,2 mm; 2,0 mm na sua haste e ápice respectivamente. Revestida por uma cápsula de tecido conjuntivo contendo, pelo menos em parte do seu contorno, vasos sangüíneos, o parênquima pineal mostrou pinealócitos com grânulosnucleares e células intersticiais.
Digestibilidade (aparente) de dietas com diferentes proporções de volumoso/concentrado fornecidas para ovinos
Authors: Sefrin Adriana Ramenzoni , Lucci Carlos de Sousa , Melotti Laércio
Published: September 2016

Avaliou-se a digestibilidade (aparente) de dietas com diferentes proporções de volumoso (feno de coastcross) e concentrado. O ensaio constou de quatro tratamentos: A= 40%, B= 60%, C= 80% e D= 100% de feno nas rações. Foram utilizados 12 carneiros, machos, castrados, que permaneceram em gaiolas metabólicas, arreados com bolsas para colheita total das fezes. O período de colheita durou 5 dias, durante os quais o consumo foi reduzido para 80% do obtido ad libitum. Os coeficientes médios de digestibilidade para os quatro tratamentos (A, B, C e D) foram: matéria seca (MS) - 68,11%, 63,92%, 59,22% e 64,60%; proteína bruta (PB) - 61,01%, 66,04%, 73,60% e 72,92%; fibra bruta (FB) - 52,56%, 53,66%, 56,22% e 57,19%; extrato não nitrogenado (ENN) - 74,40%, 69,63%, 58,56% e 70,40%; extrato etéreo (EE) - 71,49%, 59,21%, 57,90% e 57,98%, respectivamente. Os nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) foram: A= 62,15%, B= 57,72%, C= 52,04% e D=55,77%. As digestibilidades da matéria seca (MS) e do extrato não nitrogenado (ENN) apresentaram comportamento quadrático (p < 0,01). Os valores dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Houve aumento linear (p < 0,01) na digestibilidade da proteína bruta (PB) e da fibra bruta (FB) com o aumento do volumoso na ração.
Valor nutritivo do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar tratado por soluções alcalinas através de digestibilidade aparente com ovinos
Authors: Sonksen Sylvia , Melotti Laércio
Published: September 2016

Bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BCA) foi tratado por imersão em água (B), ou em solução de soda a 2% (D), ou em solução de cinzas de madeira a 30% (C), durante 6 horas, em sacos de tela de náilon que, em seguida, foram erguidos para escorrer o excesso de líquido, o qual era reaproveitado ou ainda suplementado por concentrado contendo tamponantes (A), com o intuito de estudar seu valor nutritivo através de ensaio de digestibilidade 1n vivo. Foram utilizados 12 ovinos, machos, castrados, que foram arreados para colheita total de fezes e permaneceram em gaiolas metabólicas. O delineamento estatístico foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 3 blocos de animais. A digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS) e da matéria orgânica (MO) foi significativamente menor, e a da fibra bruta foi maior para o tratamento D (p < 0,05). O tratamento D foi eficiente paramelhorar digestibilidade aparente da fibra bruta (FB) da ração.
A questão da universalidade das categorias jurídicas ocidentais a partir da abordagem antropológica: nota sobre a discussão entre Max Gluckman e Paul Bohannan
Authors: Villas Bôas Filho Orlando
Published: September 2016

Este artigo pretende examinar a controvérsia entre Max Gluckman e Paul Bohannan, especialmente no que tange à questão de como proceder a uma análise comparativa da regulação jurídica de culturas homeomorfas. Para tanto, reconstrói alguns aspectos fundamentais que caracterizaram as perspectivas de Bohannan e de Gluckman. Por fim, para sublinhar a relevância da controvérsia entre esses dois autores, recupera alguns de seus reflexos na discussão antropológica acerca do direito.
A função punitivo-preventiva da responsabilidade civil
Authors: Del Mastro André Menezes
Published: September 2016

O artigo trata da evolução da responsabilidade civil e, principalmente, do desenvolvimento de sua função preventiva no século XXI. Outrossim, a pesquisa explica a discussão sobre a função punitiva da responsabilidade civil.
Gains from Trade Liberalization between Heterogeneous Countries: Implications for the Korea–Japan FTA
Authors: Hong Gihoon , Oh Soo Hyun
Published: September 2016

We study the welfare implications of a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA). The model is based on the recent trade literature that considers search and matching frictions in the labor market. We extend the model by incorporating country-level heterogeneity in terms of production technology, population, and productivity endowment. By calibrating the model to Japanese and Korean data in order to assess the expected outcome of the potential Korea–Japan FTA, we find that when the two countries have the same population size, Japan receives greater benefits from the FTA because its relatively more capital-intensive production allows for quicker output adjustment upon trade liberalization. When we take into account that Japan's population is 2.5 times that of Korea, however, the results show that Korea enjoys a greater surplus because of the market size effect.
The Importance of Spatiotemporal Information in Biological Motion Perception: White Noise Presented with a Step-like Motion Activates the Biological Motion Area
Authors: Callan Akiko , Callan Daniel , Ando Hiroshi
Published: September 2016

Humans can easily recognize the motion of living creatures using only a handful of point-lights that describe the motion of the main joints (biological motion perception). This special ability to perceive the motion of animate objects signifies the importance of the spatiotemporal information in perceiving biological motion. The posterior STS (pSTS) and posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) region have been established by many functional neuroimaging studies as a locus for biological motion perception. Because listening to a walking human also activates the pSTS/pMTG region, the region has been proposed to be supramodal in nature. In this study, we investigated whether the spatiotemporal information from simple auditory stimuli is sufficient to activate this biological motion area. We compared spatially moving white noise, having a running-like tempo that was consistent with biological motion, with stationary white noise. The moving-minus-stationary contrast showed significant differences in activation of the pSTS/pMTG region. Our results suggest that the spatiotemporal information of the auditory stimuli is sufficient to activate the biological motion area.
The Thing about Microphones
Authors: Wright Mark Peter
Published: September 2016

This article examines the microphone and its connective political and nonhuman ecologies. A media archaeological excavation of Leon Theremin’s role in the development of a specific bugging device (“The Thing”) facilitates discussion throughout. Situating the microphone within a networked history of power relations and ethical consequences, the author draws upon contexts of surveillance, parasites and horror in order to ask whether microphones are agential actors and, if so, what the consequences might be.
A Temporal Basis for Acousmatic Rhythm
Authors: Andean James
Published: September 2016

In an attempt to begin to redress the relative lack of literature focused on rhythm in acousmatic music, this article is intended as a brief look at the acousmatic perspective on rhythm. The article begins with a quick overview of discussion around rhythm in electroacoustic music in general, then contrasts this with some of Pierre Schaeffer’s views on rhythm and finally compares the perceptual temporal levels identified by Schaeffer with similar levels drawn from electroacoustic music, contemporary music and cognitive psychology.
Stuart Marshall’s Idiophonics
Authors: Todd Peter
Published: September 2016

Artist, educator and film- and video-maker Stuart Marshall (1949–1993) was an important link between the American experimental music of the 1970s and the British visual arts scene of the same epoch. The author looks at one of Marshall’s works, Idiophonics (a.k.a. Heterophonics), and offers thoughts on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of its presentation in London and Newcastle in 1976.
Villains Called Sicarii: A Commonplace for Rhetorical Vituperation in the Texts of Flavius Josephus
Authors: Vandenberghe Marijn J.
Published: September 2016

Examining the presentation of sicarii in Flavius Josephus’s Judean War from a rhetorical perspective, this article argues that each reference to sicarii alludes to the clauses of a Roman law concerning sicarii, which Josephus has used as a commonplace for rhetorical vituperation against particular groups. Three literary-rhetorical tendencies of War are highlighted to show how this vituperation, as well as the connection between War’s sicarii and the so called Fourth Philosophy, is part of a general rhetorical strategy to shift the blame for the outbreak of the violent conflict to one particular rebel group.
On the Fringes of a Christian Kingdom: The White Fathers, Colonial Rule, and the Báhêmbá in Sola, Northern Katanga, 1909-1960
Authors: Loffman Reuben
Published: September 2016

This article charts the history of a White Fathers’ mission in a challenging rural milieu on the margins of the Christian ‘kingdom’ they established in southeastern Congo. It follows the Society from their arrival in the town of Sola in 1909 to the end of the colonial period. The history of this mission contradicts Jan Vansina’s claim that missionaries in general were part of an ensemble of actors able to shatter a millennia-old political tradition in Central Africa. Their position on the margins of their Christian ‘kingdom’ meant that the White Fathers in Sola were not powerful enough to fully enforce their will on the population of the town. Rather, they struggled to gain converts before the First World War because they were unfamiliar with Sola. Afterward they had to compete with waged labour, Protestantism, and traditional ‘secret societies’ for Africans’ attention.
Le curé, la charrue et le monde rural
Authors: Ouedraogo Honoré
Published: September 2016

This paper explores the relationship between religion and development as inspired by the implication of a missionary White Father in the agricultural development of former Upper-Volta (now Burkina Faso) between 1958 and 1983. By ‘inventing’ (so to speak) the donkey-dragged hoe or houe-manga and by the development of donkey-dragged hoe farming, Reverend Father Regis Chaix has brought in an improvement of local farming techniques and paved the way to an agricultural revolution in that disinherited corner of Africa. The farming practices introduced by this missionary have reduced the laboriousness of agricultural work and improved the living conditions of Voltaics. In the light of his experience, it appears that the double decade of development (1960–1980) set up by UNESCO has provided an opportunity to the Catholic Church to rediscover the fundamental link between evangelization and development.
Daedaleopsis hainanensis sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from tropical China based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: LI HAI-JIAO , SI JING , HE SHUANG-HUI
Published: September 2016

A new species, Daedaleopsis hainanensis, is described and illustrated from Hainan Province, tropical China. It is characterized by annual, sessile, flabelliform, dimidiate or semicircular basidiocarps with a glabrous, more or less yellowish-brown and concentrically sulcate pileal surface, a rose to pink margin of pore surface when fresh, round pores, presence of dendrohyphidia and hyphal pegs in the hymenium, and allantoid to cylindrical basidiospores 6–8 × 1.7–2.2 µm. The identification of the new species was supported by the phylogenetic analyses based on a combined 4 gene dataset (ITS, nLSU, rpb1, rpb2) of five species of Daedaleopsis.
Taxonomy of the Mexican species of Thyreocephalus Guérin-Méneville Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Xantholinini)
Authors: MÁRQUEZ JUAN , ASIAIN JULIETA
Published: September 2016

Mexican species of Thyreocephalus were analyzed taxonomically based on review of 125 specimens in eight entomological collections. We propose that T. dugesi (Casey, 1906) could be a junior synonym of T. scutellaris (Sharp, 1885), but refrain from formal changes until the types can be examined. Thyreocephalus arizonicus Smetana, 1982 is recorded for the first time from Mexico in the states of Estado de México, Jalisco and Morelos. Currently nine species are recorded from Mexico, which is the most species-rich country on the American continent. Five closely related species are included in the "puncticeps" species group recognized and proposed here. A key for species, supported with illustrations of the principal diagnostic structures is provided, as well as redescriptions or diagnoses, and taxonomic discussions for each species. Recognized distribution patterns are briefly discussed.
Two new and one redescribed species of Acanthobothrium (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea: Onchobothriidae) from Dasyatis akajei (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the China Sea
Authors: YANG CHAOPIN , SUN YUAN , ZHI TINGTING , IWAKI TAKASHI , REYDA FLORIAN B. , YANG TINGBAO
Published: September 2016

Acanthobothrium ningdense n. sp. and Acanthobothrium guanghaiense n. sp. are described from the spiral intestine of the whip stingray, Dasyatis akajei (Müller & Henle). Acanthobothrium ningdense n. sp. is reported based on 38 cestode specimens collected at five locations along the Chinese coast, i.e. Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, Ningde and Xiamen, Fujian Province, Taishan, Guangdong Province and Sanya, Hainan Province between 2012 and 2015. Acanthobothrium ningdense n. sp. belongs to the “species category 4” characterised by Ghoshroy & Caira. Among category 4 Acanthobothrium species, A. ningdense n. sp. most closely resembles A. micracantha Yamaguti, 1952 and A. latum Yamaguti, 1952, both from the same host species. Acanthobothrium ningdense n. sp. differs from A. micracantha by lacking a long robust hook handle that connects the bases of medial and lateral hooks, and from A. latum by having much longer axial prongs than abaxial prongs. Acanthobothrium guanghaiense n. sp., only found in Taishan, Guangdong Province in 2014, is a category 2 Acanthobothrium species. Among category 2, A. guanghaiense n. sp. most closely resembles A. semnovesiculum Verma, 1928, but can be differentiated from it by the arrangement of testes (in two staggered columns rather than in two tandem columns), and the shape of abaxial prong (nearly straight instead of with a conspicuous curve in the proximal portion). Acanthobothrium macrocephalum Wang & Yang, 2001 is redescribed based on new specimens collected from D. akajei in Guanghai and Sanya. With this study, the total number of Acanthobothrium species reported from D. akajei is brought to nine. It is possible that some of the species of Acanthobothrium previously reported from D. akajei not encountered in this study may have geographically restricted distributions, as was observed here for A. guanghaiense n. sp..
On the authorship of Austromegabalanus psittacus (Molina)
Authors: PERREAULT RAY T.
Published: September 2016

Austromegabalanus psittacus is a large, common and economically important shoreline barnacle species of the west coast of South America. It was originally described by Juan Ignacio Molina as Lepas psittacus, but some confusion has arisen as to the exact reference to and year of publication of this species.
Nonhomogeneous Boosting for Predictor Selection in Ensemble Postprocessing
Authors: Messner Jakob W. , Mayr Georg J. , Zeileis Achim
Published: September 2016

Nonhomogeneous regression is often used to statistically postprocess ensemble forecasts. Usually only ensemble forecasts of the predictand variable are used as input, but other potentially useful information sources are ignored. Although it is straightforward to add further input variables, overfitting can easily deteriorate the forecast performance for increasing numbers of input variables. This paper proposes a boosting algorithm to estimate the regression coefficients, while automatically selecting the most relevant input variables by restricting the coefficients of less important variables to zero. A case study with ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) shows that this approach effectively selects important input variables to clearly improve minimum and maximum temperature predictions at five central European stations.
WSR-88D Radar Data Processing at NCEP
Authors: Liu Shun , DiMego Geoff , Guan Shucai , Kumar V. Krishna , Keyser Dennis , Xu Qin , Nai Kang , Zhang Pengfei , Liu Liping , Zhang Jian , Howard Kenneth , Ator Jeff
Published: September 2016

Real-time access to level II radar data became available in May 2005 at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Central Operations (NCO). Using these real-time data in operational data assimilation requires the data be processed reliably and efficiently through rigorous data quality controls. To this end, advanced radar data quality control techniques developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) are combined into a comprehensive radar data processing system at NCEP. Techniques designed to create a high-resolution reflectivity mosaic developed at the NSSL are also adopted and installed within the NCEP radar data processing system to generate hourly 3D reflectivity mosaics and 2D-derived products. The processed radar radial velocity and 3D reflectivity mosaics are ingested into NCEP’s data assimilation systems to improve operational numerical weather predictions. The 3D reflectivity mosaics and 2D-derived products are also used for verification of high-resolution numerical weather prediction. The NCEP radar data processing system is described.
Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting: An Underestimated Issue
Authors: Paraskevas Kosmas I. , Mikhailidis Dimitri P.
Published: September 2016

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is increasingly offered to patients with carotid artery stenosis. Although CAS is a less invasive (and thus more attractive) alternative compared with carotid endarterectomy, it requires the use of contrast material. A possible side effect from the use of contrast material during CAS is the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). This review discusses the incidence/prevalence and clinical significance of CI-AKI developing after CAS. We also discuss possible measures to reduce the incidence of CI-AKI after CAS.
A Leap Forward in Understanding Subsistit in
Authors: Gamberini SJ Paolo
Published: September 2016

After 50 years of reflection on ‘subsistit in,’ the Catholic Church has acknowledged that in the Churches and ecclesial communities separated from Rome, the Church of Christ is present and active, and Christ uses these ecclesial realities as means of salvation by means of their ordained ministry and synodal and episcopal collegiality. Introducing the distinction between ontological and phenomenological dimensions of the church of Christ, the latent inconsistency of post-conciliar church documents endorsing the discontinuity between churches and ecclesial communities can be overcome. Ordained ministry, episcopal collegiality, and Petrine ministry are essential in order to realize the fullness of ecclesiality, but not ecclesiality itself. Only by keeping these two dimensions of the church of Christ well distinguished—ontological and phenomenological—can the gradual sacramental reality present in every Christian community be acknowledged.
Detecting Differential Item Functioning Using the Logistic Regression Procedure in Small Samples
Authors: Lee Sunbok
Published: September 2016

The logistic regression (LR) procedure for testing differential item functioning (DIF) typically depends on the asymptotic sampling distributions. The likelihood ratio test (LRT) usually relies on the asymptotic chi-square distribution. Also, the Wald test is typically based on the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, and the Wald statistic is tested using the asymptotic chi-square distribution. However, in small samples, the asymptotic assumptions may not work well. The penalized maximum likelihood (PML) estimation removes the first-order finite sample bias from the ML estimation, and the bootstrap method constructs the empirical sampling distribution. This study compares the performances of the LR procedures based on the LRT, Wald test, penalized likelihood ratio test (PLRT), and bootstrap likelihood ratio test (BLRT) in terms of the statistical power and type I error for testing uniform and non-uniform DIF. The result of the simulation study shows that the LRT with the asymptotic chi-square distribution works well even in small samples.
Effects of baton usage on college musicians’ perceptions of ensemble performance
Authors: Silvey Brian A. , Wacker Aaron T. , Felder Logan
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of baton usage on college musicians’ perceptions of ensemble performance. Two conductors were videotaped while conducting a 1-minute excerpt from either a technical ( Pathfinder of Panama, John Philip Sousa) or lyrical ( Seal Lullaby, Eric Whitacre) piece of concert band music. Each excerpt was conducted twice, once with and without a baton. After viewing each of the four videos, college musicians ( N = 119) rated the ensemble expressivity and ensemble precision of each performance. Technical excerpt performances were rated significantly higher when the conductor used the baton than we he did not. No baton effect was found for ratings assigned to the lyrical excerpt. A separate panel of evaluators ( N = 44, college musicians), who served as the control group, assigned ratings to the same excerpts, but was presented these excerpts in an audio-only format. Findings indicated that the use of the baton significantly affected these participants’ ratings of ensemble expressivity and ensemble precision for the technical excerpt, with higher ratings being assigned to those excerpts in which the conductor used a baton. Similar to our results in the audio-visual condition, no significant differences were found between participants’ ensemble expressivity or ensemble precision ratings when listening to the lyrical excerpt.
Pharmacological interactions between brivaracetam and ethanol in healthy males
Authors: Kruithof Annelieke C , Watanabe Shikiko , Peeters Pierre AM , de Kam Marieke L , Zuiker Rob GJA , Stevens Jasper , van Gerven Joop MA , Stockis Armel
Published: September 2016

This double-blind, randomized, three-way crossover study explored the potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between ethanol and brivaracetam in 18 healthy males, as required for the development of CNS-active drugs. Subjects received (A) ethanol+brivaracetam, (B) ethanol placebo+brivaracetam and (C) ethanol+brivaracetam placebo. Ethanol was infused as a 5.5-hour intravenous clamp with the first 0.5-hour as loading phase to a target level of 0.6 g/L, and brivaracetam was orally administered as a single 200 mg dose. No relevant pharmacokinetic interactions were observed. Co-administration of brivaracetam and ethanol resulted in decreased saccadic peak velocity, smooth pursuit, adaptive tracking and VAS alertness, and increased body sway, saccadic reaction time and VAS score for ethanol effect compared with brivaracetam alone or ethanol alone. Additionally, the immediate word recall scores were generally lower when brivaracetam was co-administered with ethanol, whereas the delayed word test did not show clear additional effects. A post-hoc exploratory analysis for supra-additivity suggested that most pharmacodynamic effects were likely to be additive in nature, except for adaptive tracking, which appeared to be slightly supra-additive. In conclusion, brivaracetam increased ethanol effects on psychomotor function, attention and memory in healthy males. Intake of brivaracetam with alcohol is not recommended.
Modafinil alters decision making based on feedback history – a randomized placebo-controlled double blind study in humans
Authors: Bellebaum Christian , Kuchinke Lars , Roser Patrik
Published: September 2016

Modafinil is becoming increasingly popular as a cognitive enhancer. Research on the effects of modafinil on cognitive function have yielded mixed results, with negative findings for simple memory and attention tasks and enhancing effects for more complex tasks. In the present study we examined whether modafinil, due to its known effect on the dopamine level in the striatum, alters feedback-related choice behaviour. We applied a task that separately tests the choice of previously rewarded behaviours (approach) and avoidance of previously punished behaviours. 18 participants received a single dose of 200 mg modafinil. Their performance was compared to a group of 22 participants who received placebo in a double-blind design. Modafinil but not placebo induced a significant bias towards approach behaviour as compared to the frequency of avoidance behaviour. General attention, overall feedback-based acquisition of choice behaviour and reaction times in high vs low conflict choices were not significantly affected by modafinil. This finding suggests that modafinil has a specific effect on dopamine-mediated choice behaviour based on the history of feedback, while a contribution of noradrenaline is also conceivable. The described change in decision making cannot be considered as cognitive enhancement, but might rather have detrimental effects on decisions in everyday life.
Presidential political ambition and US foreign conflict behavior, 1816–2010
Authors: DiLorenzo Matthew , McBride Becca , Ray James Lee
Published: September 2016

How do term limits affect international conflict behavior? We revisit this question using new quarter-year-level data on presidential political ambition in the US from 1816 to 2010. Multi-country research finds that the re-election motive decreases the likelihood of conflict initiation. We argue that there are good reasons to expect that the US is different. We find that politically ambitious US presidents are more likely to initiate international conflicts. Consistent with previous research, however, we find that political ambition appears to be unrelated to a president’s chances of becoming the target of a militarized dispute.
Motivational Profiles of Adult Learners
Authors: Rothes Ana , Lemos Marina S. , Gonçalves Teresa
Published: September 2016

This study investigated profiles of autonomous and controlled motivation and their effects in a sample of 188 adult learners from two Portuguese urban areas. Using a person-centered approach, results of cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance revealed four motivational groups with different effects in self-efficacy, engagement, and learning. The study showed that groups of learners who have high autonomous motivation in the beginning of a course score higher in self-efficacy and later on in behavioral engagement and use of deep-learning strategies, whereas those who have controlled motivation alone or low levels of both types of motivation have worse results. Additionally, the study showed motivational differences according to adult learners’ gender, educational level, and occupational status. The influence of the Portuguese adult education system on the results and the implications of the study for the practice of adult education are also discussed.
A Novel SUCLA2 Mutation Presenting as a Complex Childhood Movement Disorder
Authors: Garone Caterina , Gurgel-Giannetti Juliana , Sanna-Cherchi Simone , Krishna Sindu , Naini Ali , Quinzii Catarina M. , Hirano Michio
Published: September 2016

SUCLA2 defects have been associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion and the triad of hypotonia, dystonia/Leigh-like syndrome, and deafness. A 9-year-old Brazilian boy of consanguineous parents presented with psychomotor delay, deafness, myopathy, ataxia, and chorea. Despite the prominent movement disorder, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal while 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed lactate peaks in the cerebral cortex and lateral ventricles. Decreased biochemical activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes containing mtDNA-encoded subunits and mtDNA depletion were observed in muscle and fibroblasts. A novel homozygous mutation in SUCLA2, the first one in the ligase coenzyme A (CoA) domain of the protein, was identified. Escalating doses of CoQ10 up to 2000 mg daily were associated with improvement of muscle weakness and stabilization of the disease course. The findings indicate the importance of screening for mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with complex movement disorders without brain MRI lesions and further investigation for potential secondary CoQ10 deficiency in patients with SUCLA2 mutations.
What's in the Bottle? A Review of Infant Formulas
Authors: Green Corkins Kelly , Shurley Teresa
Published: September 2016

Infant formulas are designed to be a substitute for breast milk. Since they are sole source of nutrition for growing and developing infants, they are highly regulated by the government. All ingredients in infant formulas must be considered “generally recognized as safe.” Manufacturers are continually modifying their products to make them more like breast milk. Functional ingredients added to infant formula include long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, nucleotides, prebiotics, and probiotics. The most common breast milk substitutes are standard cow's milk–based term infant formulas, which include subcategories of organic and breast milk supplementation, and come in standard dilutions of 19 or 20 calories per ounce. In addition to standard cow's milk–based term infant formulas, there is a line of term infant formulas marketed for signs and symptoms of intolerance. These products include modifications in lactose content, partially hydrolyzed protein, added probiotics, or added rice starch. There are also specialized formulas for medical conditions such as prematurity, gastrointestinal disorders, allergy, disorders of fat metabolism, and renal insufficiency. Infants on specialty formulas should be monitored closely by medical professionals. Formulas come in ready‐to‐feed, liquid concentrate, and powder forms. Each offers advantages and disadvantages. Each step in the formula mixing process or each manipulation required for the feeding is another opportunity to introduce bacteria to the formula. There are guidelines for preparing formula in institutions. Standard dilution and mixing instructions are different for each formula, so individual recipes are needed. Caregivers should also be educated on proper hygiene when preparing formula at home.
Reemergence of Blenderized Tube Feedings
Authors: Bobo Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

A blenderized tube feeding (BTF) is a mixture of food and liquid that is pureed and administered through a feeding tube. This method of providing nourishment has been used for millenniums. In fact, it could be viewed as the original form of nutrition support. However, over time, the role of BTF has changed. Initially, it was the only method of nourishing a patient who could not sustain himself or herself on oral feeds. With the development of commercial formulas in the mid‐20th century, the usage of this feeding modality declined drastically due to the nutrition precision, ease, and sterility of commercial formulas. Recently, there has been a reemergence in blenderized tube feeds, largely due to patient/family request. The modern perception is that BTF is more natural because the nutrition is coming from whole foods and is able to be varied, as it would be in an oral diet. There are also reports of improved feeding tolerance, such as a reduction in constipation and gagging/retching. However, concerns also exist, such as contamination of the blend with microorganisms and increased viscosity causing feeding tube occlusion. This review summarizes key historical points of the diet, discusses the rationale for use, describes points to consider when using a blenderized diet, and reviews the evidence in practice.