bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Perceptual Ability to Identify Japanese Language Accent Patterns by Indonesian Learners
Authors: Najoan Franky Reymond
Published: December 2021

Research on the acquisition of suprasegmental sounds in Japanese has been carried out both in terms of production and perception. The conducted research shows that there are difficulties in acquiring Japanese sounds. This study focused on the perception of Japanese accents, with the aim of describing the learner’s ability to identify Japanese accent patterns. The data sources of this research are Japanese learners at beginner level. Data were collected using a test instrument, through a hearing test, in the form of a set of words which selected based on the category of words and patterns of Japanese accents to be measured by listening and recording techniques. The results showed that based on the results of the hearing test, of the 17 participants who completed the test reached the highest score 47.14 (S01), and the lowest score of 15.41 (S14), with an overall average score of 29.16 and Standard Deviation (SD) 7.9018. These scores represent the participants’ ability to identify Japanese accent patterns is in the very low category. The results indicate that the learners have difficulty identifying Japanese accent patterns. In fact, the vocabulary in research instrument was the basic vocabulary that had been learned by them. It can be concluded that the acquisition of vocabulary is not in line with the suprasegmental elements attached to these words. The results of this research need to be continued by applying listening exercises of Japanese accent.
Formulate: a python library for formulation
Authors: Luc Brunet
Published: December 2021

Formulate is a library to build and manipulate formulations. It can be use for materials, cosmetics or any activities involving mixing of components. This version computes oxygen balance, eutectic points, equilibrium temperature by deep learning. The purpose of this library is allowing a way to build deep learning datasets for materials and formulations.
Cloud Security - A Semantic Approach in End to End Security Compliance
Authors: Chimakurthi VNS Surendra
Published: December 2021

Many firms are seeing the benefits of moving to the cloud. For the sake of their customers' data, cloud service providers are required by law to maintain the highest levels of data security and privacy. Most cloud service providers employ a patchwork of security and privacy safeguards while industry standards are being created. The upshot is that customers of cloud services are unsure whether or not the security protections supplied by these services are enough to meet their specific security and compliance requirements. In this article, we have discussed the many threats cloud users face and emphasized the compliance frameworks and security processes that should be in place to minimize the risk. To categorize cloud security measures, risks, and compliance requirements, we developed an ontology. We needed to design software to identify the high-level policy rules that must be applied in response to each danger as part of this initiative. Additionally, the program provides a list of cloud service providers that now satisfy specific security requirements. Even if they aren't familiar with the underlying technology, cloud users may utilize our system to build up their security policy and identify compatible providers.
Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and E-cadherin expression in early- and late-onset preeclampsia
Authors: Samara Tjam Diana , Wibowo Heri , Liem Isabella Kurnia , Prijanti Ani Retno , Andrijono Andrijono
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUNDPreeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common pregnancy complications worldwide. Turnover of villous trophoblast is affected by impaired placental perfusion in preeclampsia. Among the various factors that influence pro and antiangiogenic factors in trophoblast invasion of PE are E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The current classification scheme differentiates PE into two variants early-onset (EO) and late-onset (LO) PE. The aim of this study was to compare MMP-9 and E-cadherin expression between early- (EO) and late-onset (LO) PE.
METHODSThis study used a cross-sectional design involving 26 women with gestational age <34 weeks (EO) and 38 women with gestational age ≥34 weeks (LO) from PE patients. Placentas born to preeclamptic mothers were taken in the form of small pieces of the maternal side to measure the levels of MMP-9 and E-cadherin by the ELISA method. Statistical analysis was assessed using the Mann Whitney and independent t-test with a significant p value <0.05.
RESULTSSemiquantitative proteinuria levels were significantly higher in EO-PE group compared to LO-PE group (p=0.000). Mean E-cadherin levels were significant lower in the EO-PE group (125.94 ± 54.22 pg/mg) compared to LO-PE group (157.95 ± 54.12 pg/mg) (p=0.024). However, there was no significance difference in median MMP-9 levels between EO-PE group and LO-PE group (p=0.376).
CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrate that E-cadherin had lower levels in preeclampsia patients who gave birth <34 weeks. This study indicated that lower levels of e-cadherin can lead to early delivery in preeclampsia patients.
Breastfeeding self-efficacy and related factors during early postpartum period
Authors: Topuz Şenay , DUMAN Nuriye BÜYÜKKAYACI , Uysal Gülzade Kuşoğlu , Öcalan Dilek
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUNDBreastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) could be an indicator of the performance of mothers in breastfeeding during the immediate postpartum time period. The factor most affecting the duration and success of breastfeeding is the self-efficacy perception of the mothers. This study was carried out to determine the BSE and the factors related to it in the early postpartum period.
METHODSA cross-sectional study was performed involving 264 mothers. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and the BSE scale (BSES). The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding descriptive characteristics (age, educational status, family type, income level, etc.) and obstetric characteristics regarding pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding status (number of pregnancies, number of births, type of delivery, planned and desired pregnancy, birth weight, first breast-feeding time after birth, etc.). Simple and multiple linear regression were performed to examine factors related to BSE.
RESULTSThe mean BSE score of the mothers participating in the study was 65.20 ± 9.3. Simple and multiple linear regression models indicated that significant determinants of BSE score include having nuclear family type, having social security, a greater number of pregnancies, a greater number of births, the status of antenatal visits in pregnancy, the status of getting information about breastfeeding, and short first breastfeeding time. Getting information about breastfeeding was the most influential factor of BSE (Beta=3.432; 95% CI : 32.771-51.626; p=0.000).
CONCLUSIONSIn this study, getting information about breastfeeding was the most influential factor of BSE in the early postpartum period. A woman's level of breastfeeding self-efficacy should be determined during the early postpartum period.
Outcomes of ureteral stent placement for hydronephrosis in patients with ureteral stone
Authors: Widyokirono Dyah Ratih , Kloping Yudhistira Pradnyan , Rahman Zakaria Aulia , Hakim Lukman
Published: December 2021

BackgroundRoutine ureteral stent placement after ureteroscopy (URS) for ureteral stone treatment is arguable due to the possible stent-related symptoms. Several studies claimed that its use is necessary, while others reported that its use is excessive. Hydronephrosis occurs when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder due to blockage or obstruction. We aimed to evaluate the role of ureteral stents in hydronephrosis resolution in ureteral stone patients following URS lithotripsy.
MethodsThis was a prospective observational study using secondary data involving 130 ureteral stone patients undergoing URS lithotripsy [99 patients (76.2%) with stent placement and 31 patients (23.8%) without stent]. Data consisting of baseline characteristics, pre-operative status, intraoperative characteristics, and postoperative complications were collected from the medical record database and presented descriptively. The patients were divided into two groups based on stent placement. Comparison of hydronephrosis resolution between the groups was analyzed with Chi-square.
ResultsUreteral lesions were the most common indication of ureteral stent placement following URS lithotripsy (28.3%). The most bothersome symptoms were dysuria in 18 patients (18.2%); followed by frequency in eight patients (8.1%) and low back pain in six patients (6.1%). All symptoms were successfully treated with oral medications. There were 41 patients (91.1%) with pre-operative hydronephrosis significantly resolved after stent placement compared to 5 (62.5%) patients without stent placement (p=0.027).
ConclusionUreteral stenting significantly resolves pre-operative hydronephrosis after URS lithotripsy in patients with ureteral stone. Ureteral stent placement is the preferred method for the treatment of pre-operative hydronephrosis.
Marasmus and stunting in 2-month-old boy with pneumatocele
Authors: Susanti Maya , Juliaty Aidah
Published: December 2021

BackgroundNutrition is essential for humans and if inadequate may lead to undernutrition. Undernourished children are very susceptible to infections, such as pneumonia, one of its complications being pneumatocele, which is a more severe condition. Pulmonary pneumatoceles are thin-walled, air-filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma and have been found in 2.4 percent of 493 infants and children with pneumonia. However, in staphylococcal pneumonias, the frequency of pneumatocele can reach as high as 85 percent. Infants and young children are more likely to have pneumatoceles. It is critical to distinguish marasmus with pneumatocele from many other similar diagnoses. Failure to recognize can lead to incorrect diagnosis and treatment, causing more harm than good to patient care. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high suspicion of pneumonia in neonates even with normal radiological findings and of searching for pneumatoceles.
Case DescriptionWe report a case of marasmus and stunting accompanied by pneumatocele in a 2-month-old boy. The diagnosis was made based on history, physical examination, anthropometric examination using the WHO child growth standards, laboratory tests, and radiological imaging. Management of the patient was according to a multidisciplinary system including antibiotics administration and wasting management.
ConclusionPneumatoceles are serious complications after pneumonia. Pneumonia is common in children with marasmus. Children with marasmus are caused by various underlying factors. The progression begins in the womb and continues through the first 1000 days of life.
Morning hypertension for stroke and cardiovascular: clinical pearls for primary care
Authors: Rasyid Al , Wiyarta Elvan
Published: December 2021

Hypertension is the world’s leading cause of mortality and morbidity. One of the phenomena that commonly occur in hypertensive as well as normotensive patients, is morning hypertension. Blood pressure (BP) follows a diurnal rhythm, reaching its highest level during the morning hours and dropping to the lowest level at midnight. Transient increases in BP in morning hypertension plus persistent stressors within 24 hours are thought to increase target organ damage and trigger cardiovascular events. Therefore, ambulatory BP monitoring or morning home BP monitoring is recommended as a strong predictor of cardiovascular events. There are two types of morning hypertension according to its underlying mechanisms; the first one is called nocturnal hypertensive morning hypertension, and the other one is morning-surge hypertension. Numerous studies have proved that this phenomenon often leads to several acute cardiovascular events, such as stroke, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease. To prevent these complications, cost-effective management is needed, especially for identifying accurate diagnostic tools, as well as creating specific regimens. Therefore, to achieve appropriate management of hypertension, including morning hypertension, long-acting antihypertensive drugs should be used, at full doses and in the form of combination therapy. The clinical usefulness of antihypertensive drugs with specific mechanisms for morning BP or split or timed dosing of long-acting drugs in controlling morning BP remains under investigation. More studies are needed, especially looking for other clinical evidence of the benefits of lowering BP in the morning. Home BP monitoring is recommended as a good choice for BP measurements, especially in the primary care setting.
Puerperal complications in elective versus emergency caesarean deliveries
Authors: Joshi Ashka , Modi Maulesh , Shah Ami , Singh Kanupriya , Doshi Haresh
Published: December 2021

Background: The aim of current study was to compare puerperal complications in elective vs emergency caesarean section. Though similar complications occur in elective and emergency caesarean sections, this study aims to find out which complications are more common in either of them.Methods: A prospective case comparative study was conducted at GCS Medical College and Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ahmedabad from 01 December 2020 to 01 June 2021.Results: The emergency caesarean section (CS) rates (36) were more common in the age group of 21-25 years than the elective CS (32). Emergency CS was most common in primipara women (69). The most common risk factor is previous known history of hypothyroidism and most common indication is known history of previous lower segment caesarean section (LSCS). 10 patients in elective CS and 8 patients in emergency CS had previous LSCS. Body mass index (BMI) of 26 patients in elective CS was ranging between 24.9-29.9 kg/m2 when compared to 28 patients with similar BMI in emergency CS. Overweight patients underwent more emergency CS when compared to elective CS. Most common intra-operative complication was adhesions between rectus sheath and muscle and second most common was dense adhesion. Most common post op complication was breast engorgement and mastitis.Conclusions: There is a significant difference between the number of patients in elective and emergency CS group when common indications are seen (p<0.05). Similarly, statistically significant is observed between the 2 groups when post-operative complications are observed (p<0.05).
A rare case of jejunal adenocarcinoma with brain metastasis
Authors: Harish M. , Hariprasad N. , Kannan R.
Published: December 2021

Small bowel malignancies are rare entity, with adenocarcinoma being one of common type along with neuroendocrine tumours. Associated with Crohns, celiac disease, FAP and HNPCC. Jejunal adenocarcinoma produce vague symptoms, accounting for late presentation leading to difficult and delayed diagnosis in favour of poor prognosis. Diagnosis is established by CECT abdomen and CEA levels. Ro resection with regional lymphadenectomy and jejunojejunal anastomosis is preferred followed by adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. Here we presenting a 68 years old male, anaemic with vague abdominal pain for 3 months, CECT showed malignant wall thickening involving 10 cm of proximal jejunal loop with no enlarged lymph nodes and CEA was elevated. Proceeded with laparotomy, an irregular hard mass of 10×10 cm involving 20 cm of jejunum with transverse colon infiltration with multiple mesenteric nodes found, composite resection with jejunojejunostomy and colocolic anastomosis done. Histopathology showed poorly differentiated jejunal adenocarcinoma with colonic infiltration with reactive nodes and post operatively on day 7, patient developed seizures and weakness of left upper and lower limbs, MRI brain showed solitary metastasis 2×2 cm in right frontal region and PET CT showed brain metastasis and multiple intraabdominal lymph node, lung and prostate metastasis, planned SBRT for brain metastasis and palliative chemotherapy. Lymph node, liver and peritoneum are common site of metastasis for small bowel adenocarcinoma, very rarely brain metastasis can occur in short time and to be considered if neurological symptoms occur pre and postoperatively.
Technical assistance on the application of risk-based pension fund supervision by the Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP (SBS) of Peru
Authors: Ashcroft John
Published: December 2021

This document is the eleventh of the PLAC Network Technical Assistance Document Series and is entitled “Technical assistance on the application of risk-based pension fund supervision by the Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP (SBS) of Peru”. It sets out the conclusions and recommendations arising from an evaluation of the implementation by SBS of risk-based supervision of pensions in February 2018. It builds on an initial evaluation undertaken on materials sent in advance. SBS is an integrated supervisor and regulator of financial services institutions in Peru, and the subject of this review was the Deputy Superintendence for the Supervision of Pension Fund Management Companies.
Autotuning Parallel Programs by Model Checking
Authors: Garanina Natalia Olegovna , Gorlatch Sergei Petrovich
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a new approach to autotuning data-parallel programs. Autotuning is a search for optimal program settings which maximize its performance. The novelty of the approach lies in the use of the model checking method to find the optimal tuning parameters by the method of counterexamples. In our work, we abstract from specific programs and specific processors by defining their representative abstract patterns. Our method of counterexamples implements the following four steps. At the first step, an execution model of an abstract program on an abstract processor is described in the language of a model checking tool. At the second step, in the language of the model checking tool, we formulate the optimality property that depends on the constructed model. At the third step, we find the optimal values of the tuning parameters by using a counterexample constructed during the verification of the optimality property. In the fourth step, we extract the information about the tuning parameters from the counter-example for the optimal parameters. We apply this approach to autotuning parallel programs written in OpenCL, a popular modern language that extends the C language for programming both standard multi-core processors (CPUs) and massively parallel graphics processing units (GPUs). As a verification tool, we use the SPIN verifier and its model representation language Promela, whose formal semantics is good for modelling the execution of parallel programs on processors with different architectures.
A Recursive Inclusion Checker for Recursively Defined Subtypes
Authors: De Nivelle Hans
Published: December 2021

We present a tableaux procedure that checks logical relations between recursively defined subtypes of recursively defined types and apply this procedure to the problem of resolving ambiguous names in a programming language. This work is part of a project to design a new programming language suitable for efficient implementation of logic. Logical formulas are tree-like structures with many constructors having different arities and argument types. Algorithms that use these structures must perform case analysis on the constructors, and access subtrees whose type and existence depend on the constructor used. In many programming languages, case analysis is handled by matching, but we want to take a different approach, based on recursively defined subtypes. Instead of matching a tree against different constructors, we will classify it by using a set of disjoint subtypes. Subtypes are more general than structural forms based on constructors, we expect that they can be implemented more efficiently, and in addition can be used in static type checking. This makes it possible to use recursively defined subtypes as preconditions or postconditions of functions. We define the types and the subtypes (which we will call adjectives), define their semantics, and give a tableaux-based inclusion checker for adjectives. We show how to use this inclusion checker for resolving ambiguous field references in declarations of adjectives. The same procedure can be used for resolving ambiguous function calls.
An Algorithm for Estimating the Signal Frequency at the Output of a Channel with a Controlled Information Flow under Phase Noise Conditions
Authors: Kazakov Leonid Nikolaevich , Kubyshkin Evgenii Pavlovich , Lukyanov Ilya Victorovich
Published: December 2021

Research in the field of efficient frequency estimation algorithms is of great interest. The reason for this is the redistribution of the role of additive and phase noise in many modern radio-engineering applications. An example is the area of measuring radio devices, which usually operate at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The estimation error is largely determined not by the broadband noise, but by the frequency and phase noise of the local oscillators of the receiving and transmitting devices. In particular, earlier works \\cite{Nikiforov} proposed an efficient computational algorithm for estimating the frequency of a quasi-harmonic signal based on the iterative calculation of the autocorrelation sequence (ACS). In \\cite{Volkov}, this algorithm was improved and its proximity to the Rao-Cramer boundary was shown (the sources of this noise are master oscillators and frequency synthesizers). Possibilities of frequency estimation in radio channels make it possible to significantly expand the functionality of the entire radio network. This can include, for example, the problem of adaptive distribution of information flows of a radio network. This also includes the tasks of synchronization and coherent signal processing. For these reasons, more research is needed on this algorithm, the calculation of theoretical boundaries and their comparison with the simulation results.
Piąta rocznica powstania w getcie warszawskim w świetle dokumentów archiwalnych Centralnego Komitetu Żydów w Polsce
Authors: Mioduszewska-Wajszczak Zofia
Published: December 2021

Artykuł dotyczy piątej rocznicy powstania w getcie warszawskim widzianej poprzez pryzmat źródeł archiwalnych zgromadzonych w archiwum Centralnego Komitetu Żydów w Polsce. Ze szczególną uwagą opisano organizację obchodów piątej rocznicy powstania w getcie, w 1948 roku. W artykule przedstawiono globalny wymiar obchodów (obecność delegacji z całego świata, przemyślana akcja propagandowa towarzysząca rocznicy powstania) z wymiarem lokalnym, rozumianym jako warszawski, miejski kontekst wydarzenia. Artykuł przedstawia wysiłki Komitetu w tworzeniu powojennej pamięci o powstaniu w getcie warszawskim i mówi o prawdopodobnych celach upamiętnienia walk getta. Ukazuje, że cele te niekoniecznie zostały osiągnięte.
The Relationship Between the Serum Level of Vitamin D and Hypocalcemia After Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Motamed Behrang , Hemmati Hossein , Pursafar Mehdi , Farzin Mohaya , Jafaryparvar Zakiyeh , Esmaeili Delshad Mohammad Sadegh , Samidoost Pirooz , Rafiei Elahe , Bahush Soudabeh
Published: December 2021

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium metabolism through the parathormone-dependent process. The deficiency of this important nutrient may be associated with hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy. To evaluate the role of vitamin D in predicting hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy. In this study, sixty-two patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for benign or malignant thyroid disease were included in this prospective study. Preoperative vitamin D serum levels and parathormone (PTH) levels were determined. The association between preoperative vitamin D status and the development of hypocalcemia was investigated. In this study, 62 patients were evaluated. The mean age of the subjects was 47 years. Of the 62 patients studied, of which 9 were male patients (14.5%), and 53 were female (85.5%), the results of our study showed. In both groups with and without vitamin D deficiency, calcium levels decreased significantly (P=0.01). In our study, it was found that there was no significant relationship between postoperative hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency. (P=0.441). After reviewing the data and according to Spearman correlation statistical test, no significant relationship was observed between serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium after thyroidectomy (P=0.340). Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy for benign goiter. Although post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia is multifactorial, vitamin D deficiency, particularly severe form, is significantly associated with the development of biochemical and clinical hypocalcemia. Vitamin D supplementation can prevent this unwanted complication in such patients.
The Effect of Bromelain (Anaheal) on Clinical and Para-Clinical Parameters in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Jahangirifard Alireza , Omidi Ashkan , Sharifzadeh Kurdistan , Mirtajani Seyed Bashir , Peyravian Farzad , Safari Saeid , Jafarzadeh Maedeh Sadat , Mirhashemi Seyed Hadi , Farzanegan Behrooz
Published: December 2021

The severity of COVID-19 disease and its mortality may be due to a localized vascular problem owing to the activation of bradykinin B1 receptors on endothelial cells in the lungs that occur following inflammation. Bromelain acts as an anti-inflammatory factor and can lower the level of bradykinin in the serum and tissues. Patients with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran were included in the study after providing full explanations and obtaining written consent. The 40 patients with mild to moderate symptoms were randomly divided into the control group (No: 20) and sample (No: 20). In the sample group, a dose of 200 mg bromelain was given to patients every 8 hours. In the control group, placebo capsules were administered exactly at the above intervals. Clinical and paraclinical factors (including SaO2, RR body temperature, MAP, HR, CRP, ESR, AST, ALT, Bil, BUN, Cr, WBC, Lymph, LDH, Plt were evaluated on a regular basis for up to five days. The results were evaluated using t-test and SPSS21 software. After treatment, the sample (Bromelain) group indicated significant improvement in SaO2, RR, HR, AST, ALT, BUN, ESR, LDH, and WBC and Lymphocyte count (P<0.05). Other factors did not have a significant difference with the control group. Bromelain causes improvement in some clinical symptoms such as respiratory parameters and para clinical items of mild to moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients, so it can be a promising treatment. Furthered evaluation of larger groups is recommended.
Investigating the Relationship of Organizational Performance with Employment Status and Shift Work in Nurses at the Shahid Rahnemoun Hospital
Authors: Dehghani Mohammadhossein , Rahmani Hojjat , Habibi Farhad , Rajabi Vasokolaei Ghasem , Raadabadi Mehdi , Vafaee MohamadJavad , Karimi Kalaye Reza
Published: December 2021

Background: Performance evaluation in facilitating organizational effectiveness is considered an essential task of human resource management that depends on nurses’ employment status.
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of organizational performance with employment status and shift work in nurses at the Shahid Rahnemoun Hospital, Yazd, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2018. The sample consisted of 151 nurses who were included using census. The instrument was a standard questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed by three experts, and its reliability was approved by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.22 software through independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and one-sample t-test.
Results: Among the four components surveyed in the study, the highest and lowest means and standard deviations were related to “participation and cooperation” (4.35 ± 0.48) and “infection control and prevention” (4.21 ± 0.60), respectively. There was a significant relationship between total performance and the two dimensions of “care and treatment” and “participation and cooperation” with employment status (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The results showed that the type of employment of nurses would affect the organizational performance. In an organization where employees feel job security, they will be committed to that organization and perform their duties more competently, with more motivation and satisfaction.
Efficacy of Spironolactone As an Adjunctive Therapy to Risperidone to Improve Symptoms of Schizophrenia; A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial
Authors: Zandifar Atefeh , Badrfam Rahim , Sanjari Moghaddam Hossein , Akhondzadeh Shahin
Published: December 2021

Objective: Spironolactone (C24H32O4S), a potent mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) inhibitor, is a potassium-sparing diuretic that is traditionally used to treat fluid build-up in the body or for its anti-androgenic properties. This study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial assessing the beneficial effects of spironolactone in addition to risperidone in improving negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Method: 40 patients with chronic schizophrenia, aged 18–60 years, were assigned to two groups: risperidone + spironolactone or risperidone + placebo. Risperidone was administered to both the spironolactone and placebo groups with a dose up to 6 mg/day throughout the trial. Spironolactone (C24H32O4S) was ordered 100 mg/day for the full 8-week course of the study. Patients were rated on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at four time points: baseline, weeks two, four, and eight. The PANSS negative subscale score was the main objective.
Results: PANSS negative, positive, and total scores showed significantly greater improvements in the spironolactone relative to the placebo group from baseline to the trial endpoint (P (Cohen’s d): 0.004 (0.96), 0.007 (0.90), and 0.042 (0.66), respectively). Similarly, ANOVA also presented significant time × treatment interaction effect for spironolactone on PANSS negative (F = 9.04; ηp2 = 0.19; df = 1.38; P = 0.002), positive (F = 3.43; ηp2 = 0.08; df = 2.72; P = 0.023), and total (F = 3.94; ηp2 = 0.09; df = 2.05; P = 0.022) scores. However, spironolactone did not cause significant decrease in the general psychiatric pathology score of PANSS.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest the efficacy and safety of spironolactone as an adjunctive therapy to risperidone in improving the symptoms of schizophrenia.
Metabolite Alternations in the Dopamine Circuit Associated with Methamphetamine-Related Psychotic Symptoms: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Sheikhi Koohsar Javad , Faeghi Fariborz , Rafaiee Raheleh , Niroumand Sarvandani Mohammad , Masjoodi Sadegh , Kalalian Moghaddam Hamid
Published: December 2021

Objective: Chronic METH use results in neurodegenerative alternations in the human brain. The present study aimed to assess the long-term METH impact on brain metabolite concentrations in cases meeting the DSM-5 criteria regarding METH use.
Method: We recruited 42 METH users meeting the DSM-5 criteria and 21 healthy controls. Psychotic signs were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) evaluating Myo-inositol (Ml), Choline (Cho), Glutamine plus Glutamate (Glx), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), and Creatine (Cre) were obtained in the dopaminergic pathway (Frontal Cortex, Substantia nigra, Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), Hippocampus, Striatum,) the subjects. All participants collected urine specimens for 24 hours to measure presence of specific metabolites including METH metabolite level, 5-Hydroxy indoleacetic acid metabolite (for serotonin level monitoring), and metanephrine metabolite (for dopamine level monitoring).
Results: Dopamine and Serotonin increased in the METH group (P < 0.001). METH caused an increase in the Cre (P < 0.001) and a decline in the Glx (P < 0.001), NAA (P = 0.008), and MI (P < 0.001) metabolite concentrations of dopamine circuits in METH users in comparison with healthy subjects. We found no change in Cho metabolite concentration. Psychological data and the neurometabolite concentrations in the studied area of the brain were significantly correlated.
Conclusion: There is an association between METH use and active neurodegeneration in the dopamine circuit, and it causes serious mental illness. 1HMRS can detect patient’s deterioration and progression of disease as well as follow-up management in patients with METH use disorder.
Relation between ADHD and COVID-19: A Narrative Review to Guide Advancing Clinical Research and Therapy
Authors: Davoody Samin , Goeschl Stella , Dolatshahi Mahsa , Davari-Ashtiani Rozita , Saffarpour Reyhaneh , Sodeifian Fatemeh , Brand Serge
Published: December 2021

Objective: To cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, national health authorities temporarily closed cultural, religious, and educational institutions such as universities and schools. Children and adolescents with ADHD were challenged with the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic such as homeschooling and reduced physical activity. The present narrative review aimed to summarize the state-of-the-art regarding associations between COVID-19-related social restrictions and possible psychological and behavioral issues in children and adolescents with ADHD. Additionally, we discussed the underlying possible reasons of the association focusing on the role of parental influence and physical activity, vulnerabilities of individuals with ADHD to Covid-19 infection and to school closure and remote learning.
Method: To collect data for the present narrative review, recent publications on these topics between February 1st, 2020 and January 10th, 2021 were retrieved from the most popular search engines (PubMed; Scopus; Google Scholar; Psych Info; Embase) through a comprehensive search using relevant keywords.
Results: During confinement, children and adolescents with ADHD reported increased behavioral and ADHD-related symptoms and overall decreased psychological well-being. Factors negatively impacting children’s and adolescents’ behavioral symptoms and well-being were: less physical activity, adverse parental behavior, difficulties in coping with preventive guidelines, and school closure and remote learning consequences.
Conclusion: Children and adolescents with ADHD and their caregivers faced both specific and general psychological issues related to the school lockdowns and homeschooling. Additionally, Individuals with ADHD seem to be more vulnerable to Covid-19 infection which highlights the need for better healthcare adaptation.
Spor Eğitimi Alan Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Bilgi, Medya ve Teknoloji Yeterlilikleri
Authors: BİNGÖLBALI Abdullah , KARAKAYA Yunus Emre
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmada, Spor Liselerindeki öğrencilerin bilgi, medya ve teknoloji yeterliliklerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın Etik Kurul Raporu; Fırat Üniversitesi, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu’ndan 29.07.2020 tarih, 15 nolu Toplantı Sayısı ve 7 nolu Kararıyla alınmıştır. Araştırma grubu Elazığ, Malatya ve Mardin Spor Liselerinde spor eğitimi alan ve rastgele yöntemle seçilmiş 588 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma grubundan verileri elde etmek için “Bilgi, Medya ve Teknoloji Becerileri Yeterlilik Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde lisanslı SPSS 22.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bağımsız değişkenler arasında (cinsiyet, sınıf ve ailenin gelir durumu) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki belirlenmiştir. Bağımlı değişkenler arasında ölçek ve alt boyutları arasındaki en yüksek düzeyde ilişkinin “Dijital İçerik Geliştirme” ve “Problem Çözme” alt boyutları arasında (r=0.587) pozitif ve orta düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Spor bilimleri alanında gerek ortaöğretim ve gerekse yükseköğretim düzeyinde verilen eğitimlerde, ders içeriklerinin, müfredat programlarının bilgi, medya ve teknolojiyle ortak bir yapıda oluşturulması ve uyum sağlaması önem arz etmektedir.
Halk Türkülerinin İçinde Varlığını Sürdüren Şiddet Çağrışımlı İfadeler
Authors: ULUSOY YILMAZ Duygu , KEKLİK KAL Funda , BAYBURTLU Ahmet Selçuk
Published: December 2021

Şiddet; fiziksel, psikolojik, bireysel ve toplumsal boyutları ile ele alınması gereken bir olgudur. İnsan, yaşamı boyunca şiddetin farklı boyutları ile karşılaşmaktadır. Şiddet, doğuştan gelen bir davranış biçimi olmasından ziyade sonradan öğrenilen davranışlardır. Psikolojik sorunlar dışında, aile, arkadaş, kitle iletişim araçları şiddetin öğrenilmesine, kanıksanmasına ve yayılmasına etken ortamlardır. Yani insanlar diğer davranışlar gibi şiddeti de içinde bulundukları ortamdan öğrenirler ve kültürel bir miras gibi sonraki kuşaklara aktarabilirler. Toplumun yaşam biçimine, duygularının dışa vurumuna ilişkin önemli ipuçları veren halk türküleri de nesilden nesile, kulak yoluyla aktarılarak öğrenilir. Türkü sözlerinde yer alan şiddet çağrışımlı ifadeler de öğrenilen ve sonraki kuşaklara aktarılan unsurlardır. Bu durum şiddet çağrışımlı ifadelerin müzik aracılığıyla sürekliliğin sağlanmasına, zaman içinde tekrar edilme sıklığına bağlı olarak kanıksanmasına, normalleşmesine ve toplumda kabul gören ifadeler haline dönüşmesine vesile olabilir. Bu çalışmada, TRT Halk müziği repertuvarında yer alan, sözlerinde şiddet çağrışımlı ifadeler içeren türküler, betimsel tarama modeline göre ele alınmıştır. Şiddet çağrışımlı ifadelerin tespit edildiği 1406 halk türküsü; türüne, bölgesine, şiddet boyutlarına ve şiddet çağrışımı içeren ifadelere göre incelenmiştir. Şiddet çağrışımlı ifadeler, salt kelime anlamıyla değil, türkülerin ifade ettiği bütünsel ve genel anlam odaklı olarak değerlendirilmiş, bu kapsamda yapılan detaylı incelemeler sonucunda şiddet çağrışımlı ifadelerin her türküde farklı şiddet boyutlarını ifade ettiği tespit edilmiştir.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENSINO NA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA DE PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA:
Authors: Candito Vanessa , Mendonça Menezes Karla , Braz Carlan Rodrigues Carolina , Mezalira Sandra Mara , Chitolina Schetinger Maria Rosa
Published: December 2021

Para que os docentes possam colocar em prática um ensino que desperte habilidades e pensamento crítico, é necessário que o mesmo lance um olhar sobre a sua prática pedagógica, e que utilize diferentes estratégias de ensino, que estimulem o questionamento, o pensamento crítico, a argumentação, a reflexão e a tomada de decisão, como o enfoque Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). Esse estudo objetivou analisar as estratégias de ensino empregadas na prática pedagógica de professores da educação básica, a partir da Educação CTS. Participaram 23 docentes, de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, do Ensino Fundamental e Médio, de uma escola pública estadual de Santa Maria/RS. Para a coleta de dados foi elaborado um questionário, e as respostas interpretadas a partir da Análise de Conteúdo.  Os resultados apontaram que as relações entre ciência e sociedade assumem diferentes características, posicionamentos e abordagens. E grande parte dos docentes tem conhecimento e formação sobre a abordagem CTS, entretanto, evidenciou-se uma concepção equivocada, associando a abordagem CTS com utilização de TICs. Os docentes utilizam estratégias de ensino diversificadas, que permitem uma maior participação, formação crítica, e desenvolvimento da tomada de decisão dos estudantes, visando a melhoria do processo ensino-aprendizagem.
Diagnostics of Advanced Power Intensive Power Sources Based on the Acoustic Spectroscopy Method
Authors: Petrenko E.M. , Semenova V.A.
Published: December 2021

Objective of this article is to develop a method for lithium chemical current sources diagnostics, which would ensure high reliability in assessing their technical state (primarily, the discharge degree) close to potentially achievable introduction of the acoustic spectroscopy method. Today, microcalorimetric studies and methods of impedance and noise spectroscopy make it possible to predict the lithium chemical current sources service life. However, implementation of the microcalorimetric studies result requires a lot of time accompanied by using stationary and large-size equipment, which is practically impossible in the autonomous conditions. Application of the impedance spectroscopy method provides satisfactory results only with high degrees of discharge. In the range of 0--30 %, it is very difficult to determine the discharge degree, since noticeable alteration in the correlate within its deviation from the mean value is missing. In this regard, it is proposed in order to provide diagnostics of the lithium chemical current sources in the region of initial degrees of discharge to introduce the noise diagnostics method. In order to increase reliability of the diagnostic estimates, it is advisable to use acoustic spectroscopy as a physically independent method in diagnosing the state of lithium chemical current sources. Results of the preliminary measurements analysis confirm the prospects of using the acoustic spectroscopy method in assessing the current state of primary lithium chemical current sources. Experimental studies of the lithium chemical current sources response to acoustic (mechanical) action made it possible to determine a set of parameters characterizing the proposed methodological approach. This provided a possibility to search for correlation dependences of the lithium chemical current sources spectral characteristics on the degree of their discharge. This makes it possible to use the method of acoustic spectroscopy in prompt and reliable diagnostics of the primary current sources in the region of low discharge degrees
Analytical Study of Heat Transfer When Heating or Cooling a Limited Volume of Liquid
Authors: Aleksandrov A.A. , Akatev V.A. , Tyurin M.P. , Borodina E.S. , Sedlyarov O.I.
Published: December 2021

The paper shows the results of analytical studies of heat transfer when heating or cooling a limited volume of liquid. The purpose of the research was to determine the size of the heat transfer surface, with the initial parameters of the coolants, the final temperature in the reactor and its thermal equivalent, as well as the flow rate of the second coolant through the heat exchanger corresponding to the water equivalent at a given cooling time τo. Moreover, if intensive mixing is carried out in the vessel, i.e., if the temperature of the second heat carrier practically does not change along the length of the heat transfer surface, then W2 → ∞. The solution was based on the Laplace --- Carson integral transform. The exact solution was converted for special cases of heat transfer. In particular, it should be noted that in many practical cases formulas give a fairly good approximation to the exact solution. Only at low values of the heat transfer coefficient, as well as when the volume occupied by the coolant inside the heat exchanger is commensurate with the volume of the liquid contained in the vessel, it is necessary to apply the given exact solution
Dry Friction and Mechanical System Motion Implicit Equations
Authors: Lapshin V.V.
Published: December 2021

It is shown that forces acting on the mechanical system points could depend on accelerations of the system points. Differential equation system of the mechanical system motion appears to be implicit. It is not resolved with respect to senior derivatives. Fundamental mathematical problems appear associated with possibility and uniqueness of these equations' solution with respect to the senior derivatives. Such problems are common in mechanical systems with dry sliding friction and rolling friction. Such problems are missing in the point dynamics. However, such problems are rather typical in more complex mechanical systems appearing in the study of a rigid body motion, which entire mass is concentrated in a single point, as well as in systems with one degree of freedom. Four fairly simple examples of mechanical systems are considered, and their motion is described by implicit differential motion equations. Situations could appear in these systems, when motion equations are not solvable with respect to the senior derivatives (motion equations are missing), as well as situations, when there are several solutions with respect to senior derivatives (there are several different systems of the mechanical system motion equations). At the same time, one of the fundamental principles of mechanics is not fulfilled, i.e., the principle of determinism
Research in Autonomous Driving – A Historic Bibliometric View of the Research Development in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Boric Sandra , Schiebel Edgar , Schlögl Christian , Hildebrandt Michaela , Hofer Christina , M. Macht Doris
Published: December 2021

Autonomous driving has become an increasingly relevant issue for policymakers, the industry, service providers, infrastructure companies, and science. This study shows how bibliometrics can be used to identify the major technological aspects of an emerging research field such as autonomous driving. We examine the most influential publications and identify research fronts of scientific activities until 2017 based on a bibliometric literature analysis. Using the science mapping approach, publications in the research field of autonomous driving were retrieved from Web of Science and then structured using the bibliometric software BibTechMon by the AIT (Austrian Institute of Technology). At the time of our analysis, we identified four research fronts in the field of autonomous driving: (I) Autonomous Vehicles and Infrastructure, (II) Driver Assistance Systems, (III) Autonomous Mobile Robots, and (IV) IntraFace, i.e., automated facial image analysis. Researchers were working extensively on technologies that support the navigation and collection of data. Our analysis indicates that research was moving towards autonomous navigation and infrastructure in the urban environment. A noticeable number of publications focused on technologies for environment detection in automated vehicles. Still, research pointed at the technological challenges to make automated driving safe.
Subtask A: User perspective and requirements - A.2 Use cases
Authors: Szybinska Matusiak Barbara , Sibilio Sergio , Martyniuk-Peczek Justyna , Amorim Claudia Naves David , Boucher Marie , Nazari Marzieh , Scorpio Michelangelo , Sokol Natalia , Ciampi Giovanni , Koga Yasuko , Laike Thorbjörn
Published: December 2021

The report starts with the introduction, chapter 1, where the main objective of the work is formulated, namely, to examine how the public buildings are used regarding lighting; both daylight and electric light is considered. In the chapter 2 a review of codes and requirements has been done. It starts with a discussion about general aspects of codes (subchapter 2.1) and presentation of international standards CEN and ISO (2.2) and follows with description of CIE reports and other internationally recognized guidance books (2.3). Then national recommendations are also presented (2.4). Finally, the impact of codes on architectural design is elaborated based on the interviews with architectural offices (2.5).
Analysis and evaluation of BSDF characterization of daylighting systems
Authors: Apian-Bennewitz Peter , de Boer Jan , Bueno Bruno , Deroisy Bertrand , Fang Yuan , Geisler-Moroder David , Grobe Lars O. , Jonsson Jacob C. , Lee Eleanor S. , Tian Zhen , Wang Taoning , Ward Gregory J. , Wilson Helen Rose , Wu Yujie
Published: December 2021

This technical report summarizes the current state of the art in the field of characterization of daylighting and shading systems by bidirectional scattering distribution functions (BSDFs) and documents the results of an inter-laboratory round robin test. It is the result of collaborative work conducted by members of the IEA SHC Task 61 / EBC Annex 77, Subtask C2.