bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arsenic Contamination and Associated Health Risk (Brief Review)
Authors: Kumari Astha , Maurya N. S.
Published: April 2019

The health risk assessment of residents consuming groundwater with high arsenic concentrations has attracted widespread concern. This study therefore is aimed at providing a framework to evaluate the risks imposed to local residents of Simaria Patti Ojha village of Bhojpur district, Bihar. Results showed that the mean values of ADD, HQ and CR were 5.1 µg/(Kg Day) (PTDI- 2.1 µg/(Kg Day), 5-17 (safe range <1) and 0.002-0.007(tolerable range, 10-6-10-4), respectively. Carcinogenic risk value was found as 4.7 × 10-3 around 100 times higher than safe range of 10−6–10−4, indicating high risks to the local residents. Hence, this study will help in suggesting suitable implementation measures on ground to deal with the risk of arsenic contamination and diseases caused due to its prolonged exposure.
“Design and Synthesis of Some Cyclic Carbohydrates with Norfloxacin as Surface moiety. A Study of Sustained Relax of Drugs”.
Authors: Dhevaraj J. , Vembu S. , Pazhamalai S. , Gopalakrishnan M.
Published: April 2019

Biocompatible and biodegradable sustained drug delivery system has been constructed from reaction between norfloxacin and cyclodextrin through secondary amine of piperazine ring and hydroxyl group of the carbohydrate. Covalent bond polymeric structure is designed by the help of chloroacetyl chloride, target dendrimer formed by removing two hydrochloride molecules. The development of cyclodextrin core drug delivery system with twenty one norfloxacin surface moiety has been synthesized by only two steps. The synthesized polymeric structure was thoroughly studied by NMR, FT-IR, MALDI and UV- spectrometry. Sustained release assessment of synthetic polymer studied through different buffer solution by UV spectrometry and norfloxacin releases rate of synthetic polymer was controlled by the concentration and the experimental medium. The microbial assessments through kinetic studies by using Escherichia coli also reveal that the norfloxacin released possesses potential antimicrobial activity. Antibacterial activity of synthesized drug delivery system has been investigated with gram-negative and gram-positive species like Escherichia coli (mtcc 443), bacillus subtilis (mtcc 2063), pseudomonas (mtcc 741), staphylococcus (mtcc 737) and proteus mirabilis (mtcc 425). The hydrophobic and hydrophilic balance and the repeat drug unit of this synthesized system are responsible for effective antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitor concentration values of this system are very small to 100 µg/mL-1, synthesized compound shown five times improved activity against organism on comparism with standard drug. The in-vitro release of norfloxacin from obtained dendrimer was investigated.
Adsorption Behavior of Waste Leaves of Quercus Leucotrichophora for the Removal of Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions from Waste Water
Authors: Chandra Joshi Naveen , Rangar Vaishali , Sati Ruchi , Joshi Ekta , Singh Ajay
Published: April 2019

Recently, the heavy metals are known for their toxicity to living organisms and natural environment. In the present study, we have removed Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions from synthetically prepared waste water under batch experiments using the waste leaves of Quercus leucotrichophora as low cost adsorbents. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR and FESEM methods and the batch experiments included contact time, pH, dosage, temperature and concentration. The adsorption of metal ions was found maximum at the optimized conditions such as contact time 60 minutes, dosage 1 g, pH 5 and lower metal ion concentrations. The percentage adsorption at contact time 60 minutes, dosage 1 g and pH 6 was found 50.2, 51.0 and 74.0% for nickel and 38.8, 29.9 and 70.1% for cadmium. The adsorption data under selected batch system have been tested with Langmuir, Freundlich isotherm models, pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models. Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo first order kinetic model were best fitted to adsorption of nickel and cadmium onto waste leaf powder of Quercus leucotrichophora.
Kinetic Study of α-cellulose Hydrocracking Using Ni and Pd Supported on Mordenite Catalysts
Authors: Triyono Triyono , Trisunaryanti Wega , Dwi Ristiana Desinta , Puji Hastuti Lathifah
Published: April 2019

Kinetic study of liquid product formation from hydrocracking of α-cellulose using Ni and Pd supported on Mordenite (MOR) catalysts had been conducted. The hydrocracking was performed in a semi-batch reactor with hydrogen flow (30 mL min-1). The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation. The catalysts were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDX) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-ES). Liquid product formed in hydrocracking of α-cellulose was measured under time variations of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. at 450°C for each catalyst. The results showed that impregnation of metals increased the acidity and didn’t damage the crystallinity of MOR. The kinetics of liquid product formation using MOR, Ni/MOR and Pd/MOR catalysts followed the first order reaction with rate constant of liquid product formation (kL) of 0.0050, 0.0180 and 0.0069 min-1, respectively.
Optimization of Oil Production from Cassava Pulp and Sugarcane Bagasse using Oleaginous Yeast
Authors: Rachamontree Phakamas , Sriariyanun Malinee , Tepaamorndech Surapun , Somboonwatthanakul Issaraporn
Published: April 2019

Microbial oil is one of alternative sources for biofuel and value-added chemical production in biorefining process of lignocellulosic biomass. The bottleneck of this process is the low conversion rate of lignocellulose biomass to the target product. This research aims to optimize microbial oil production as raw material for biorefining process from agricultural waste by using Plackett–Burman (PB) design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Acid-hydrolysates of cassava pulp and sugarcane bagasse were converted to bio-oil by fermentation activities of two oleaginous yeasts, designated as MSU2 and Ka28. The fermentation parameters were screened by PB design to identify their impacts on oil yield, and the condition of each parameter was optimized by RSM to maximized oil yield. The predicted optimal condition obtained from RSM provided the highest lipid yield at 34.56 and 21.85% from hydrolysates of cassava pulp and sugarcane bagasse, respectively. Then, fatty acid compositions in oil were analyzed by GCMS, and our results demonstrated that palmitic acid and oleic acid were the major constituents at 72.95 and 195.01 mg/g-crude lipid, respectively. These fatty acid distribution profiles were suitable for application in biodiesel production and suggested the utilization of agricultural waste in biorefining process.
Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemigliptin using Charge Transfer Complex
Authors: Gorumutchu Giri Prasad , Nadh Ratnakaram Venkata , V. N. V Kishore
Published: April 2019

A visible spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the determination of gemigliptin present in bulk drug and tablet formulation. It involves an indirect method of charge transfer complex formation in presence of NBS, metol and suphanilic acid. Gemigliptin was subjected to oxidation with excess amount of oxidant (NBS) and the unconsumed NBS oxidizes metol to give p-N-methylbenzoquinone monoamine (PNMM) which in turn forms a charge transfer complex with sulphanilic acid. Then validated the above developed method as per the current ICH guidelines. An excellent correlation coefficient (> 0.999) was found for the obtained regression equation (y = –0.0302x + 0.928) in the range of 2.0–30.0 μg mL-1. The method was found to be simple and rapid because it does not involve any solvent extraction. The recovery levels of the drug were in the range 99.92 – 100.08.
Preparation and Activation of Sarulla Natural Zeolites as an Adsorbent in Purification Process of Crude Palm Oil
Authors: Indriati Nasution Hafni , Zubir Moondra , Jasmidi Jasmidi , Maharani Maharani , Gazali Sofwan Ahmad , Layla Sihombing Junifa
Published: April 2019

The effect of Sarulla zeolite in CPO purification was analyzed in zeolite weight and contact time variation on the influence of Free Fatty Acid, Saponification Value, Carotene, Vitamin-E, and Squalene content. This purification process induce increasing of saponification value from 272.41 mg KOH/g to 316.42 mg KOH/g at 20 g of zeolite and contact time for 30 minutes. On the other hand, this purification process reduced of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content from 2.86% to 1.6% and vitamin E content from 907.79 ppm to 376.54 ppm after were adsorbed for 90 minutes with 30 grams of zeolite used. Fatty acid composition analysis on CPO not significant changes in which is palmitic acid increased or decreased by about 1% under various conditions of zeolite use and contact time on the adsorption process. Sarulla natural zeolite can be used for CPO purification without affect theirs main content.
Relative Effectiveness of Methane (Biogas) Production from Dry Grass Soaked With Vegetable Waste, Poultry Waste and Cow Dung
Authors: Rajesh S. , Premkumar R. , Neethipathi Jayadevi
Published: April 2019

A conceit was based on bountifully randomised deigns with several numbers of proportions (1:1:1:1, 1.5:0.5:1:1, 2:0.5:0.5:1, 0.5:1.5:1:1). According to the antecedent contemplation, different parameters and eternal pouring of waste grieved the biogas origination and increases the substantial exhaustion every day. This model is to improve the excess amount of biogas mass with controlled pH condition and permanent dumping of waste to digester to shun the wastes in regular days. The different compounds of waste are imbrue with dry grass and agitate with cow dung, poultry waste and vegetable waste. Biogas production bows with the help of anaerobic bacteria with the existence of mesophilic temperature of 32°C. Biogas augmentation starts on 144 to 125 hours, which it reaches uttermost range of 78.9 L to 79.35 L and the judicious range of 49L to 50 L gas occur in 144 to 288 hours. Among the apparent ratio 2:0.5:0.5:1 gives the ultimate yield of bio gas.
Physical Aspects Influencing to the Production of Dry-Salted Snakeskin Gourami (Trichogaster Pectoralis)
Authors: Phuoc Minh Nguyen , Xuan Mai Pham , Van Linh Nguyen Thi
Published: April 2019

Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) is one of the most common fish in paddy field and river in Vietnam. It lives in waters at low dissolved oxygen and high organic accumulation. It has a high meat yield and favouritely consumed as dried fish in Vietnam. Farming area of snakeskin gourami has been opened dramatically in recent years. Therefore, it’s necessary to have an appropriate processing and preserving approach to accelerate its commercial value in local and international markets. Objective of the present study focused on the different aspects such as ethanol treatment to eliminate fishy ordor; addition of salt, sorbitol, as well as dry temperature that affected to to water activity (aw), microbial load (coliform, cfu/g), sensory score of dried snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis). Shelf-life of the dried product was also evaluated during preservation. Results showed that 40% ethanol at ratio 20:80 for primary treatment; 2.0% of salt soaking; 1.0% of sorbitol addition; 46°C of drying were appropriate to maintain water activity (aw=0.65). By preserving under vacuum in PA bag, the dry-salted snakeskin gourami still extended the product shelf-life for 12 months without any deterioration.
Theoretical Study of the Interconversions of Selected Isomers from C8H13+ System : A DFT level of Study
Authors: Lianbuanga Joseph , Pachuau Zodinpuia
Published: April 2019

The selected isomers of C8H13+ are calculated to predict its relative energies and their stability for each species at the levels of density functional theory (DFT) using 6-311G+dp basis set. We also attempted to predict the isomerisation or mechanistic pathways by locating the transition States through the interruption of diagonal matrix as confirmed by the imaginary Eigen value one. The isomers of the known and new isomers are revealed and analysed after optimisation. The geometrical analysis proposed that Iso- VII might be the most stable isomer which is also proved by heat of reactions analysis and the activation energy of all the inter conversions are compared in the energy profile diagram.
Antimicrobial and GC-MS Analyses of Stem and Root Extracts of Bidens pilosa Linn
Authors: O. Ajanaku Christiana , O. Echeme Johnbull , C. Mordi Raphael , O. Ajani Olayinka , U. Okere Daniel , A. Kayode Abolanle
Published: April 2019

This study describes the qualitative phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and GC-MS analyses of the crude methanol extract of the stem and roots parts of Bidens pilosa partitioned between methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hexane solvents. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. Saponins were not found in any of the fractions of stem and root of B. pilosa. Antibacterial studies indicated that the lowest concentration (6.25 mg/mL) was achieved for Candida subtilis for the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem extract and hexane fraction of the root extract. Antimycobacterial test activity of these solvent fractions revealed that the hexane fraction of the root extract was susceptible to the bacterium isolate. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometric study revealed the presence of the following compounds - cis-9-Hexadecenal, 2-hydroxyl ethyl (Z)-9-Octadecenoate, Octadecanal, Oleic acid, 4-(dimethylamino)-Benzaldehyde, 4,6,7-Trimethoxy-2,3-dihydrofuro(2,3-b)quinolone.
Synthesis, Identification, and Infrared Spectroscopy Study of the Influence of Reaction Parameters Variations on Cu(C4O4).2H2O Synthesis
Authors: Zenkhri Louiza , Zenkhri Salah , Boutarfaia Ahmed , Bassa Manel , Sedrati Aziza , Benouna Khalida
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we report synthesis, identification and study of different spectral measurements for Cu(C4O4).2H2O complex, in order to valorize effect of experimental conditions on resulting product nature. The structure was identified from a powder X rays diffraction. This complex was prepared for the first by Christian Rubel and Armin Weiss (1986). Comparative study for variation of different reaction parameters effect was interpreted by infrared spectrum observation for each product. In conclusion, we have put in evidence contribution effect of variation in temperature, pH, concentration, solvent, time of reaction on nature modification of the resulting product
Ferrocenyl Substituted Pyrazoles, Synthesis via novel route, Spectral Investigations and Their Biological Studies
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Sharma Shashi , Singh Tuli Hardeep , Parkash Vinit
Published: April 2019

Ferrocenyl substituted heterocyclic compounds have wide range of medicinal approach. The synthesis of ferrocenyl substituted pyrazole is the new concern in these compounds with enhanced biological activities. This work focus on synthesis of ferrocenyl substituted pyrazoles via novel route. The synthesis of 1-phenyl-3-ferrocenyl-pyrazole was investigated involving Friedel Crafts Acylation like reaction conditions. The reaction proceeded through three stages using addition cyclo-condensation of acetyl ferrocene with phenyl hydrazine followed by cyclization using cyclizing reagent iodine in presence of NaHCO3. Individual product separated out having excellent yield (83%). Ferrocenyl substituted pyrazoles were characterized by spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, IR, GC-MS) and their biological properties have been screened.
Synthesis of some New Azo Compounds of Salicylic Acid Derivatives and Determination of their In vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Hamza Salman Husam , Salih Abood Huda , Hamid Ramadhan Usama
Published: April 2019

This study included the preparation of a series of some new azo compounds by diazo coupling aromatic amines with salicylic acid derivatives. The prepared compounds identified using precise elemental analysis (C.H.N.), the results supported the structure of concerned compounds. The synthesized azo compounds also identified by using infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds were determined in-vitro by human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stability method, the compounds showed a significant activity to protection of the cell membrane. Other compounds show moderate to low activity, sodium diclofenac was used as positive control.
Synthesis and Properties of Soaps from Bidara leaf (Ziziphus mauritania) Via Soft Saponification
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Eka Cahyani Denis
Published: April 2019

This article was aimed to compare soap character with the difference concentration of bidara leaf extraction. Bidara leaf soap was prepared by soft saponification using NaOH which is involved with bidara leaf. Soap analysis has been investigated by colour, cleaning power, foam power dan pH. Based on the result, the soap with 2% concentration of bidara leaf had the highest cleaning power with soft texture, high soap power and appropriate pH for skin care. From FTIR observation and manual soap test was predicted that bidara leaf not only act as catalyst that increase saponification rate but also act as soap hidrophilicity enhancer.
Molecular Interaction of Aqueous Solution of 1-Propanol and 2-Propanol
Authors: Sharma Sandhya , Kandpal N. D. , Joshi R.
Published: April 2019

Viscosities (ƞ) of solutions of 1- propanol and 2-propanol have been determined in aqueous systems of varying composition (0.16-3.64 mol dm-3) at 298 K. The ƞ/ƞ0 data have been analyzed in the light of reduced Jone-Dole equation ƞ/ƞ0 = BC+1. The results in the regards to solute-solvent interaction in aqueous solutions of both the alcohols have been discussed in the terms of the value B. The result of study reveals that both the alcohols behave as the structure makers in the water. The result shows that solute-solvent type interaction of same magnitude exists in water-alcohol system.
Does the thigh circumference affect the positioning of the acetabular component when using the direct anterior approach in total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Jacobs C. A. , Kusema E. T. , Keeney B. J. , Moschetti W. E.
Published: April 2019

Aims

The hypothesis of this study was that thigh circumference, distinct from body mass index (BMI), may be associated with the positioning of components when undertaking total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the direct anterior approach (DAA), and that an increased circumference might increase the technical difficulty.

Patients and Methods

We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data involving 155 consecutive THAs among 148 patients undertaken using the DAA at an academic medical centre by a single fellowship-trained surgeon. Preoperatively, thigh circumference was measured at 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm distal to the anterior superior iliac spine, in quartiles. Two blinded reviewers assessed the inclination and anteversion of the acetabular component, radiological leg-length discrepancy, and femoral offset. The radiological outcomes were considered as continuous and binary outcome variables based on Lewinnek’s ‘safe zone’.

Results

Similar trends were seen in all three thigh circumference groups. In multivariable analyses, patients in the largest 20 cm thigh circumference quartile (59 cm to 78 cm) had inclination angles that were a mean of 5.96° larger (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.99° to 8.93°; p < 0.001) and anteversion angles that were a mean of 2.92° larger (95% CI 0.47° to 5.37°; p = 0.020) than the smallest quartile. No significant differences were noted in leg-length discrepancy or offset.

Conclusion

There was an associated increase in inclination and anteversion as thigh circumference increased, with no change in the risk of malpositioning the components. THA can be performed using the DAA in patients with large thigh circumference without the risk of malpositioning the acetabular component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:529–535.
Guidelines for the follow-up of total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Cassidy R. S. , O hEireamhoin S. , Beverland D. E.
Published: April 2019

Aims

The aim of this retrospective audit was to determine the route of referral or presentation of patients requiring revision following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Patients and Methods

A total of 4802 patients were implanted with an Orthopaedic Data Evaluation Panel (ODEP) 10A* cementless implant (Corail/Pinnacle) between 2005 and 2015; 80 patients with a mean age of 67.8 years (sd 10.8) underwent a subsequent revision. The primary outcome measure was route of referral for revision.

Results

Of the 80 revisions, 31 (38.8%) took place within the first year and 69 (86.3%) took place within six years. Only two of the 80 patients were picked up at a routine review clinic, one for infection and the other for liner dissociation. A total of 36 revised patients (45.0%) were reviewed following self-referral. Of the remaining 44 revised patients (55.0%), 15 (18.8%) were General Practitioner referrals, 13 (16.3%) were other hospital referrals, six (7.5%) were inpatients, six (7.5%) were Emergency Department referrals, and two (2.5%) were readmitted from their homes. No revisions were carried out on asymptomatic patients.

Conclusion

Our experience suggests that if there is a robust system in place for self-referral, patients with an ODEP 10A* hip implant can, if asymptomatic, be safely discharged at the time of their first postoperative review. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:536–539.
Prosthetic fungal infections
Authors: Sidhu M. S. , Cooper G. , Jenkins N. , Jeys L. , Parry M. , Stevenson J. D.
Published: April 2019

Aims

The aims of this study were to report the efficacy of revision surgery for patients with co-infective bacterial and fungal prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) presenting to a single institution, and to identify prognostic factors that would guide management.

Patients and Methods

A total of 1189 patients with a PJI were managed in our bone infection service between 2006 and 2015; 22 (1.85%) with co-infective bacterial and fungal PJI were included in the study. There were nine women and 13 men, with a mean age at the time of diagnosis of 64.5 years (47 to 83). Their mean BMI was 30.9 kg/m2 (24 to 42). We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of these PJIs, after eight total hip arthroplasties and 14 total knee arthroplasties. The mean clinical follow-up was 4.1 years (1.4 to 8.8).

Results

The median number of risk factors for PJI was 5.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 3.25 to 7.25). All seven patients who initially underwent debridement and implant retention (DAIR) had a recurrent infection that led to a staged revision. All 22 patients underwent the first of a two-stage revision. None of the nine patients with negative tissue cultures at the second stage had a recurrent infection. The rate of recurrent infection was significantly higher in the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (p = 0.007), a higher C-reactive protein (CRP) at the time of presentation (p = 0.032), and a higher number of co-infective bacterial organisms (p = 0.041). The overall rate of eradication of infection after two and five years was 50% (95% confidence interval (CI) 32.9 to 75.9) and 38.9% (95% CI 22.6 to 67), respectively.

Conclusion

The risk of failure to eradicate infection with the requirement of amputation associated with this diagnosis is much higher than in patients with PJI without bacterial and fungal co-infection, and this risk is heightened when the fungal organism is joined by polymicrobial and multidrug-resistant bacterial organisms. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:582–588.
Mapping the contact area of the patellofemoral joint
Authors: Clark D. , Stevens J. M. , Tortonese D. , Whitehouse M. R. , Simpson D. , Eldridge J.
Published: April 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the congruency of the articular surface contact area of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) during both active and passive movement of the knee with the use of an MRI mapping technique in both the stable and unstable PFJ.

Patients and Methods

A prospective case-control MRI imaging study of patients with a history of PFJ instability and a control group of volunteers without knee symptoms was performed. The PFJs were imaged with the use of an MRI scan during both passive and active movement from 0° through to 40° of flexion. The congruency through measurement of the contact surface area was mapped in 5-mm intervals on axial slices. In all, 40 patients were studied. The case group included 31 patients with symptomatic patellofemoral instability and the control group of nine asymptomatic volunteers. The ages were well matched between the case and control groups. The mean age was 25 years (16 to 42; sd 6.9) in the case group and 26 years (19 to 32; sd 5.1) in the control group. There were 19 female and 12 male patients in the case group.

Results

The unstable PFJs were demonstrably less congruent than the stable PFJs throughout the range of knee movement. The greatest mean differences in congruency between unstable and stable PFJ’s were observed between 11° and 20° flexion (1.73 cm2vs 4.00 cm2; p < 0.005).

Conclusion

The unstable PFJ is less congruent than the stable PFJ throughout the range of knee movement studied. This approach to mapping PFJ congruency produces a measurable outcome and will allow the assessment of pre- and postoperative results following surgical intervention. This may facilitate the design of new procedures for patients with PFJ instability. If a single axial series is to be obtained on MRI scan, the authors recommend 11° to 20° of tibiofemoral flexion, as this was shown to have the greatest difference in contact surface area between the case and control groups. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:552–558.
Heterogeneity and Its Impact on Rehabilitation Outcomes and Interventions for Community Reintegration in People With Spinal Cord Injuries: An Integrative Review
Authors: Gupta Shikha , Jaiswal Atul , Norman Kathleen , DePaul Vincent
Published: April 2019

Background: Various injury characteristics such as cause, level, severity, and time since injury divide individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) into many subgroups. The heterogeneity among individuals' injuries and personal characteristics has significant implications for SCI rehabilitation practice, specifically directed toward community reintegration, which is a key goal of rehabilitation interventions for people with disabilities. Purpose: This study aims to summarize the evidence on attributes that make the SCI population heterogeneous, the impact of these attributes on community reintegration, and the implications of heterogeneity for rehabilitation interventions directed toward optimizing community reintegration. Methods: We used an integrative review approach to conduct this study. MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO were searched from inception until May 2017. Out of 670 articles retrieved, 49 provided evidence on the impact of various attributes that make SCI heterogeneous on rehabilitation outcomes related to community reintegration. Results: An array of injury-related, personal, social, and environmental factors are associated with various rehabilitation outcomes that affect community reintegration of people with SCI. There is level 1 evidence that social support, self-efficacy, and self-esteem facilitate community reintegration among people with SCI while there is level 5 evidence that presence of psychological or medical complications decreases it. There is lack of clarity on the impact of injury-related factors on community reintegration. Conclusion: This integrative review found that social support and individuals' self-efficacy can improve community reintegration of people with SCI. However, evidence regarding the impact of injury characteristics on community reintegration is still underdeveloped. Approaches directed at community reintegration should involve components of psychosocial, physical, and vocational rehabilitation while considering personal and societal aspects of an individual's life.
Opening the Black Box: Alternative Search Drivers for Genetic Programming and Test-based Problems
Authors: Krawiec Krzysztof
Published: April 2019

Test-based problems are search and optimization problems in which candidate solutions interact with multiple tests (examples, fitness cases, environments) in order to be evaluated. The approach conventionally adopted in most search and optimization algorithms involves aggregating the interaction outcomes into a scalar objective. However, passing different tests may require unrelated `skills' that candidate solutions may vary on.Scalar tness is inherently incapable of capturing such di erences and leaves a search algorithm largely uninformed about the diverse qualities of individual candidate solutions. In this paper, we discuss the implications of this fact and present a range of methods that avoid scalarization by turning the outcomes of interactions between programs and tests into 'search drivers' - partial, heuristic, transient pseudo-objectives that form multifaceted characterizations of candidate solutions. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by reviewing the experimental evidence from past work, confront it with related research endeavors, and embed it into a broader context of behavioral program synthesis.
Bubble Captcha - A Start of the New Direction of Text Captcha Scheme Development
Authors: Bostik Ondrej , Horak Karel , Klecka Jan
Published: April 2019

CAPTCHA, A Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, iswell-known system widely used in all sorts of internet services around the world designated to secure the webfrom an automatic malicious activity. For almost two decades almost every system utilize a simple approach tothis problem containing a transcription of distorted letters from image to a text eld. The ground idea is to useimperfection of Optical Character Recognition algorithms against the computers. The development of OpticalCharacter recognition algorithms leads only to state, where the CAPTCHA schemes become more complex andhuman users have a great di culty with the transcription.This paper aims to present a new way of development of CAPTCHA schemes based more a human perception.The goal of this work is to implement new Captcha scheme and assess human capability to read unusual fontsnewer seen before.
Detection of Emergent Situations in Complex Systems by Structural Invariant (MB, M)
Authors: Bila Jiri , Novak Martin
Published: April 2019

The paper introduces complete description of the detection method that uses structural invariant Matroid and its Bases (MB, M). There are recapitulated essential concepts from the used knowledge field as “complex system, emergent situations (A, B, C)”, Ramsey theorem and principal computation variables “power” and “complexity” of emergence phenomenon. The method is explained in details and the demonstration of its application is done by the detection of emergent situation – violation of Short Water Cycle in an ecosystem.
Increasing Population (μ + λ)-CMA-ES with Centre and Elitism (IPOP!+)
Authors: Wineberg Mark , Opawale Samuel
Published: April 2019

Elitism has previously been introduced to the CMA-ES family of algorithms, where the “’,’ selection operator is replaced by the “+” selection operator. Here we investigate in detailed the addition of elitism to IPOP. Furthermore, a new selection operator was added: the “!” operator (pronounced “bang” or “here”). This operator includes the results of ES recombination into the population for selection, unmodified by mutation, and evaluated separately. From the analysis, we noticed a remarkable improvement in the behavior of IPOP with or without elitism. Only one function (Levy) proved difficult when elitism was used. Under close examination, it was determined that for this function, the population under elitism converges prematurely, and stalled out. Currently we do not know what is the cause of this difference. Perhaps in the future this effect could be avoided or detected and remedial measures applied.
Clustering Analysis of the Population in Db_SHADE Algorithm
Authors: Viktorin Adam , Senkerik Roman , Pluhacek Michal , Kadavy Tomas
Published: April 2019

This paper provides an analysis of the population clustering in a novel Success-History based Adaptive Differential Evolution algorithm with Distance based adaptation (Db_SHADE) in order to analyze the exploration and exploitation abilities of the algorithm. The comparison with the original SHADE algorithm is performed on the CEC2015 benchmark set in two dimensional settings (10D and 30D). The clustering analysis helps to answer the question about prolonged exploration phase of the Db_SHADE algorithm. Possible future research directions are drawn in the discussion and conclusion.
Optimization of Material Properties of Phase Change Materials for Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Brezina Michal , Klimes Lubomir , Stetina Josef
Published: April 2019

Nowadays, people are increasingly interested in renewable energy sources and accumulation of energy for its efficient use. The use of non-renewable resources is progressively decreasing due to their adverse changes in climate conditions and high production of CO2 emissions. This work deals with the problem of heat accumulation by means of the phase change of a material using the Stefan problem, which serves to describe the temperature distribution in the medium and to determine the location of the interface between the solid and liquid phase. This approach is used to determine desired properties and thermal behaviour of the material under different accumulation requirements. The main objective was to create and solve an optimization model in order to determine heat transfer conditions and other parameters to ensure the extrema of thermal behaviour characterization.
Heuristic Approach to Multivariate Inverse Prediction Problem using Data Reconciliation
Authors: Rosecky Martin , Somplak Radovan , Janostak Frantisek , Bednar Josef
Published: April 2019

Some engineering waste management tasks require a complete data sets of its production. However, these sets are not available in most cases. Whether they are not archiving at all or are unavailable for their sensitivity. This article deals with the issue of incomplete datasets at the microregional level. For estimates, the data from higher territorial units and additional information from the micro-region are used. The techniques used in this estimation are illustrated by an example in the field of waste management. In particular, it is an estimate of the amount of waste in individual municipalities. It is based on recorded waste production at district level and total waste management costs, which is available at a municipal level. To estimate the waste production, combinations of linear regression models with random forest models were used, followed by correction by quadratic and nonlinear optimization models. Such task could be seen as a multivariate version of inverse prediction (or calibration) problem, which is not solvable analytically. To test this approach, data for 2010 - 2015 measured in the Czech Republic were used.
Context Out Classifier
Authors: Hrebik Radek , Kukal Jaromir
Published: April 2019

Novel context out learning approach is discussed as possibility of using simple classifiers which is background of hidden class system. There are two ways how to perform final classification. Having a lot of hidden classes we can build their unions using binary optimization task. Resulting system has the best possible sensitivity over all output classes. Another way is to perform second level linear classification as referential approach. The presented techniques are demonstrated on traditional iris flower task.
Stochastic Integer Waste Management Problem Solved by a Modified Progressive Hedging Algorithm
Authors: Malek Martin , Somplak Radovan , Popela Pavel , Kudela Jakub
Published: April 2019

In this paper we describe a real-world large-scale stochastic integer waste-management decision making problem. The problem consists of choosing the optimal locations and capacities of new incineration plants, that will be used for the disposal of waste. To solve this problem, we implement a modied version of the progressive hedging algorithm. The presented case study with real-world data concerns the situation in the Czech Republic.
Including Containers with Dangerous Goods in the Multi-Port Master Bay Planning Problem
Authors: Kebedow Kiros Gebrearegawi , Oppen Johan
Published: April 2019

In this paper we extend existing models for Master Bay Planning by handling containers holding dangerous goods, so-called IMO containers. Incompatible IMO containers must be separated from each other on board a vessel according to specic rules. These rules affect both Master Bay Planning and Slot Planning, which are the two planning problems normally handled in container stowage planning. Some research is doneto include IMO containers in Slot Planning, but, to the best of our knowledge, this is the rst time handling of IMO containers is included in Master Bay Planning. We present results from computational tests showing that our model can be solved to optimality, or near optimality, in reasonable time for realistically sized instances.
Army of Ravens
Authors: Cornell Drucilla
Published: April 2019

Negritude is one of the most controversial and misunderstood movements, starting
with Jean-Paul Sartre's misguided discussion of the significance of Negritude in
Black Orpheus. In this article, I will argue that Negritude
is not opposed in any way to a non-racialized socialism. Indeed, as the
contemporary philosopher Lewis Gordon has powerfully argued, Negritude and other
forms of Black consciousness are absolutely crucial to the overcoming of racism
and colonization and to attempt to have ideals of economic transformation that
do not fall back into the worst forms of racism. At the heart of this debate
about the significance of Negritude—all the poets were socialists—is the
question of whether or not there is African philosophy and whether African
philosophy has made a significant contribution to rethinking socialism as
ethical as well as economic. This article strongly argues that African
philosophy demands that we shift our understanding of how and why socialism is
an ethical aspiration and is rooted in an ontology of rhythmic bodies.
Combinations of herbs and probiotics as an alternative growth promoter: An in vitro study
Authors: Prakasita Vinsa Cantya , Asmara Widya , Widyarini Sitarina , Wahyuni Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti
Published: April 2019

Background and Aim: Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are added to animal feed to stimulate growth and increase livestock productivity. However, the regular use of antibiotics in animal diets has a considerable contribution to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in livestock and humans. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum), turmeric (Curcuma domestica), and wild ginger (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus brevis as an alternative to AGPs.

Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activities and probiotic stimulatory effects of herbs were screened through the disc diffusion method and optical densitometry. The inhibitory ability of probiotics against pathogens was also tested through the disc diffusion method. The adhesion ability of probiotics was tested by mixing the optimal herbal combinations with broiler intestinal epithelial cells (105 cells/ml). The cells were then subjected to Gram staining, and the number of adherent bacteria was calculated.

Results: The test results showed that 3.13% ethanolic wild ginger extract had the highest inhibitory activity against Salmonella Enteritidis, followed by ethanolic red ginger extract and aqueous wild ginger extract at the same concentration. The three extracts also supported the growth of L. acidophilus and L. brevis. Further tests showed that the combination of 3.13% ethanolic red ginger extract had the highest inhibitory activity against S. Enteritidis, followed by ethanolic and aqueous wild ginger extract at the same concentration. The three extracts also supported the growth of L. acidophilus and L. brevis. Further tests showed that the combination of 3.13% ethanolic red ginger extract and 3.13% aqueous wild ginger extract had the best inhibitory effect on the growth of S. Enteritidis. The stimulatory effect of the combinations of herbal extract on the growth of L. acidophilus (0.18±0.00) and L. brevis (0.21±0.01) was better than those of individual extract, positive controls, and the glucose control. L. acidophilus and L. brevis had a weak inhibitory effect on the growth of S. Enteritidis (<6 mm). The adhesion ability of L. acidophilus (420.00±28.21) and L. brevis (259.33±24.03) was stronger than that of S. Enteritidis (202.00±14.00) under treatment with combined extracts.

Conclusion: The tested combinations of herbs and probiotics can adhere to the intestinal tract. Given this characteristic, herb and probiotic combinations may be developed as an alternative to conventional AGPs.
PENGANTAR
Authors: Redaksi Pengantar
Published: April 2019

Assalamualaikum wr. wb.Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif Volume 13 Nomor 1, Oktober 2018 ini mengkaji permasalahan sosial yang kompleks dalam perspektif sosiologis. Kajian ditulis dalam edisi ini mencakup: gender dan post feminisme, radikalisme dan terorisme, Islam Nusantara, Konflik dan Kajian Budaya di Era Milenial. M. Ali Sofyan menulis Islam dan Posfeminisme: Wajah Posfeminisme dalam Komodifikasi Agama di Media. Menurut penulis, perempuan dalam perspektif posfeminsime dilihat sebagai subjek merdeka. Freedom, gender equality dan representasi yang majemuk menjadi pijakan awal bagi perempuan posfeminisme. Soft Power yang dimiliki social media mengkontekstualisasikan agama (Islam) dalam sebuah metode baru. Agama (Islam) melakukan penyebaran paham termasuk (ke-perempuan-an) dengan metode baru, sehingga konsumsi agama bisa dinikmati setiap detik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perspektif tersebut akhirnya dapat menjadikan muslimah berpartisipasi untuk mengatakan “saya cantik untuk saya sendiri”. Meskipun beberapa melihat bahwa mengkapitalisasikan agama merupakan kurang tepat, dalam hal ini komodifikasi agama ternyata dapat mendukung kebebasan perempuan.
España desde Europa: percepciones y relaciones (1982-2004)
Authors: Mugnaini Marco
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo se estudia la relación entre España y las políticas europeas en el periodo 1982- 2004, utilizando como enfoque la historia de las relaciones internacionales. En el periodo examinado aquí, el sistema internacional se caracterizó por grandes cambios, pasando de la “segunda guerra fría” de los años ochenta a las nuevas dinámicas de la posguerra fría en los años noventa y luego en 2001-2003; cambios que han involucrado a Europa en general (transición de la CEE a la UE, políticas de ampliación, proyecto Euro-Med, UEM, etc.) y a España en particular. La trayectoria histórica de la relación entre España y Europa es analizada en esa compleja fase de transformación del sistema internacional. Las percepciones que los europeos han tenido de España también se examinan con respecto a los diferentes Gobiernos que se sucedieron en Madrid desde el periodo de transición hasta 2004. Se dedica atención a los principales protagonistas de los eventos analizados, en particular por su papel en la política internacional.
La evolución de la política de cooperación internacional al desarrollo de España
Authors: Calvillo Cisneros José Miguel
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de esta comunicación es evaluar la evolución de la política de cooperación al desarrollo internacional española desde su inicio hasta 2010. Esta política identifica el problema global de la pobreza, a cuya solución España contribuye dentro de un espacio coordinado con el resto de actores nacionales e internacionales, pero al mismo tiempo cubre también un espacio como herramienta de la política exterior del Estado.La progresiva formulación y puesta en práctica de esta política pública hubo de tener en cuenta hitos relevantes, como son la transición política a la democracia, la aprobación de la Constitución de 1978, la incorporación a las Comunidades Europeas, el ingreso en los distintos bancos regionales de desarrollo, complementados por nuestra participación en todos aquellos organismos de carácter económico y financiero dedicados a la cooperación para el desarrollo, en particular los fondos y programas de la Unión Europea, así como un protagonismo activo en los programas de desarrollo y acción humanitaria del sistema de las Naciones Unidas.
El Departamento de Internacional de la Presidencia del Gobierno, núcleo y motor de la política exterior española (1976-1996)
Authors: Fernández Fernández-Cuesta Juan Manuel
Published: April 2019

El texto analiza la estructura y funcionamiento del Departamento de Internacional de la Presidencia del Gobierno de España, desde el inicio del proceso democrático hasta la llegada al poder del Partido Popular. En la etapa estudiada (1976-1996) el departamento proponía al presidente del Gobierno iniciativas en materia de política exterior y planificaba su agenda internacional, lo que restaba protagonismo al Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores. Como en otros países, este proceso de presidencialización de la política exterior española se fue incrementando a lo largo de los años, con independencia del color político de los sucesivos Gobiernos.
El papel de la RFA en la negociación de España para el ingreso en la CEE: un “amigo” entre la política y la economía (1978-1980)
Authors: Lafuente del Cano Jorge
Published: April 2019

La adhesión al Mercado Común fue uno de los objetivos básicos de la política exterior española en el siglo XX. Un ingreso que suponía un cambio fundamental desde el punto de vista estratégico, pero también unas relevantes consecuencias económicas. Las negociaciones fueron mucho más complejas y difíciles de lo que se esperaba en una España recién salida de la dictadura franquista. A menudo se ha subrayado, con razón, el papel que Francia desempeñó en el proceso de negociación español. Sin embargo, diversos actores ocuparon también un importante papel. Entre ellos, el otro gran socio comunitario, la República Federal de Alemania. En esta comunicación nos proponemos analizar el papel de la RFA en los primeros años de la negociación desde el punto de vista de los propios negociadores españoles. El soporte documental principal para ello es el archivo de Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, primer ministro para las relaciones con las Comunidades Europeas.
KOMUNIKASI POLITIK DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Hasfi Nurul
Published: April 2019

In the last two decades Internet has influenced aspects of human life including democracy. In Indonesian context, since the arrival of Internet in the last 1990s, it was creating new phenomenon known as online political communication. It dramatically have been changing the practice of traditional political communication mediated by convensional media. This article try to provide discussion theoretically and practically relating to the issue. Theoreticaly it explores of how internet has modified classical  political communication theory; how new character of Internet has potential effect for producing better quality and quantity of political communication as well as how  it has  arised problematic issues on the process. Furthermore, this discussion briefly conclude that political communication in the future might never separate from this new medium. It may become most intriguing 'live laboratory' for researcher of the potential roles of the Internet in the political communication process.