bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemberian Terapi Suportif terhadap Keluarga yang Memiliki Anggota Keluarga dengan Gangguan Jiwa di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Nanggalo Kota Padang
Authors: Suryani Ulfa , Ausrianti Rizka , Yolanda Yola , Guci Asriwan
Published: May 2020

Hasil riset kesehatan 2018, menyatakan 15 persen dari populasi penduduk Indonesia terdeteksi mengalami gangguan jiwa atau sekitar 34.350.000 jiwa dan persentase itu juga berlaku di semua daerah dan mengindentifikasi prevelensi masalah kesehatan jiwa sebesar 12.06% dengan kata lain dari 100 penduduk Indonesia, 12 sampai 13 diantaranya mengalami gangguan jiwa ringan sampai dengan berat. Kegiatan ini bertujuan Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah resolusi (perubahan) permasalahan dengan segera, meningkatkan keterampilan koping keluarga, meningkatkan kemampuan keluarga menggunakan sumber kopingnya, meningkatkan otonomi keluarga dalam keputusan tentang pengobatan, meningkatkan kemampuan keluarga mencapai kemandirian seoptimal mungkin, serta meningkatkan kemampuan mengurangi distres subyektif dan respon koping yang maladaptif.

Kata kunci: keluarga; gangguan jiwa; terapi supportif

GIVING SUPPORTIVE THERAPY TO FAMILIES WHO HAVE A FAMILY MEMBER WITH SOUL DISORDERS IN THE WORKING AREAS OF THE NANGGALO COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER IN PADANG CITY

ABSTRACT

The results of 2018 health research stated that 15 percent of Indonesia's population was detected as having a mental disorder or around 34,350,000 people and that percentage also applies in all regions and identified the prevalence of mental health problems by 12.06% in other words from 100 Indonesians, 12 to 13 including experiencing mild to severe mental disorders. This activity aims The objectives of this activity are the resolution (change) of problems immediately, improve family coping skills, improve the ability of families to use their coping resources, increase family autonomy in decisions about treatment, increase the family's ability to achieve independence as optimal as possible, and increase the ability to reduce subjective distress and maladaptive coping responses

Keywords: family; mental disorders; supportive therapy
Pengaruh Senam Ergonomik Terhadap Tekanan Darah Lansia dengan Hipertensi
Authors: Suwanti Suwanti , Purwaningsih Puji , Setyoningrum Umi
Published: May 2020

Hipertensi merupakan penyebab kematian paling umum ketiga setelah stroke dan tuberkulosis. Penanganan yang tepat diperlukan untuk mencegah tidak terkontrolnya tekanan darah dan komplikasinya. Senam ergonomik sebagai terapi non farmakologi memiliki manfaat luas untuk mempertahankan kesehatan umum.Penelitian ini untuk menentukan pengaruh senam ergonomik terhadap terhadap tekanan darah lansia dengan hipertensi diWening Wardoyo Ungaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pre experiment -one group pre-test post-test design. Sampel sebanyak 15 lansia dengan hipertensi yang diseleksi dengan purposive sampling. Pengambilan data dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan Sphygmomanimeter air raksa (GEA Medical). Intervensi telah dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali per minggu. Test statistik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil uji statistik dengan Wilcoxon menunjukkan p value sistolik=0,000 lebih kecil dari α value (0,05), p value  diastolik=0,011 lebih kecil dari α value (0,05). Hasil menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan senam ergonomik terhadap sistolik dan diastolik lansia. Peneliti menyarankan bahwa senam ergonomik dapat digunakan pada lansia dengan hipertensi sebagai terapi non farmakologi.

 

Kata kunci: lansia, senam ergonomik, hipertensi

 

THE EFFECT OF ERGONOMIC EXERCISE ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN ELDERLY  HYPERTENSION IN WENING WARDOYO UNGARAN

                         

                                                                ABSTRACT

Hypertension is the third most common cause of death after stroke and tuberculosis. Proper handling is needed to prevent uncontrolled blood pressure and complications. Ergonomic exercise as non-pharmacological therapy has very broad benefits to maintain general health. This research aim to determine the effect of ergonomic exercise on blood pressure in elderly hypertention in Wening Wardoyo Ungaran. The research used pre experiment -one group pre-test post-test design. A sample of 15 elderly with hypertension was selected by purposive sampling. Data collecting used observation sheet and Sphygmomanometer (GEA medical). The intervention was done for 3 times/week. Statistical test used Wilcoxon.The result of test obtained p value of sistolic=0,000 smaller than α value (0,05), p value of diastolic=0,011 smaller than α value (0,05). The results showed there were significant effect of ergonomic exercise on  sistolic and sistolic. Researchers suggest that ergonomic exercise can be used in elderly hipertension as non- pharmacological therapy.

 

Keywords: elderly, ergonomic exercise, hypertension
Vitamin D sebagai Terapi Potensial Anak Gizi Buruk
Authors: Aryani Lisa Dwi , Riyandry Muhammad Aldy
Published: May 2020

Masalah malnutrisi (gizi buruk) masih menjadi isu kesehatan global. Gizi buruk merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi anak di negara berkembang. Malnutrisi adalah keadaan kekurangan energi dan protein berat akibat ketidakseimbangan antara ambilan makanan dengan kebutuhan gizi. Keadaan malnutrisi energi-protein sering dikaitkan dengan temuan kasus defisiensi vitamin D. Berdasarkan studi epidemiologi >50% anak malnutrisi berat juga mengalami defisiensi vitamin D. Pengoreksian melalui diet terapeutik sebagai standar pengobatan hanya mengandung vitamin D dalam jumlah sedang sehingga tidak cukup adekuat untuk mencukupi kebutuhan anak. Pemberian tambahan vitamin D3 dosis tinggi sebanyak 200.000 IU (5 mg) diduga mampu mengoreksi keadaan gizi buruk dengan meningkatkan berat badan dan nilai z-score anak. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh pemberian vitamin D dalam memperbaiki tampilan klinis anak gizi buruk. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah penelusuran artikel melalui database NCBI dan Google Scholar. Tahun penerbitan sumber pustaka adalah dari tahun 2004 hingga 2019 dengan 29 sumber pustaka. Tema dalam artikel yang dikumpulkan yaitu terkait gambaran pengaruh pemberian vitamin D dalam meningkatkan berat badananak gizi buruk. Hasil dari sintesa 24 artikel yang telah ditemukan terdapat pengaruh pemberian vitamin D (cholecalciferol) terhadap kenaikan berat badan sebagai hasil kumulatif lemak di jaringan adiposa sehingga cukup potensial sebagai terapi gizi buruk.

 

Kata kunci: Vitamin D, gizi buruk, berat badan, cholecalciferol

 

VITAMIN D AS POTENTIAL THERAPY FOR MALNUTRITION CHILD

 

ABSTRACT

Malnutrition (malnutrition) is still a global health problem. Malnutrition is the highest cause of deaths children in developing countries. Malnutrition is the impact of lack of energy and protein due to an imbalance between food intake and nutritional needs. The symptoms are marasmus, kwashiorkor or marasmik-kwashiorkor. Energy-protein malnutrition is often related to the case finding of vitamin D deficiency, which is caused by epidemiological studies>50% of severely malnourished children also have vitamin D deficiency. Correcting malnutrition with a therapeutic diet as a standard is sufficient to meet the child's needs. An additional 200,000 IU (5 mg) of high-dose vitamin D3 supplements can replace malnutrition by increasing the child's weight and z-score. This review summarizes the role of vitamin D as a potential therapy in improving infant health and well-being and malnutrition. The method taken by the article was made using the literature review method, involving 29 books, national or international journals. The results of a review of 24  articles that show the difference between vitamin D (cholecalciferol) and weight gain as a result of cumulative fat in adipose tissue through increased intracellular calcium, is quite potentially used as a supplementary therapy for child nutrition.

 

Keywords: vitamin D, malnutrition, weight, cholecalciferol
Biji Mahoni sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Winata Icha Putri , Putri Ayu Darma
Published: May 2020

Biji mahoni merupakan biji dari pohon mahoni yang memiliki metabolit sekunder dengan kandungan senyawa tertingginya adalah flavanoid yang merupakan salah satu bahan akif antioksidan.Tujuan literatur review ini untuk mengetahui manfaatekstrak biji mahonisebagai antioksidan pada manusia. Menggunakan artikel penelitian yang didapat melalui proses literatur searching dan buku terkait manfaat biji mahoni sebagai antioksidandari tahun 2011 sampai dengan tahun 2019 dengan jumlah artikel yang digunakan sebanyak 19 artikel. Berbagai penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa biji mahoni bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan pada manusia. Biji mahoni memiliki berbagai metabolit sekunder dari hasil biosintesis. Metabolit sekunder terkandung dalam biji mahoni adalah golongan flavanoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid, dan terpenoid dengan kandungan terbesarnya adalah dari golongan flavanoid.Golongan flavanoid yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi adalah flavon atau flavonol.

 

Kata kunci: biji mahoni, stres oksidatif, antioksidan

 

MAHOGANY SEEDS AS ANTIOXOXIDES

 

ABSTRACT

Mahogany seeds are seeds from mahogany trees that have secondary metabolites with the highest compound content is flavanoid, which is one of the antioxidant active ingredients. The purpose of this review literature is to determine the benefits of mahogany seed extract as an antioxidant in humans. Using research articles obtained through the process of searching literature and books related to the benefits of mahogany seeds as antioxidants from 2011 to 2019 with 19 articles. Various experimental studies conducted showed that mahogany seeds are useful as antioxidants in humans. Mahogany seeds have a variety of secondary metabolites from the results of biosynthesis. The secondary metabolites contained in mahogany seeds are flavanoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid, and terpenoids with the largest content is from the flavanoid group. The flavanoid group that has the highest antioxidant activity is flavone or flavonol.

 

Keywords: mahogany seeds, oxidative stress, antioxidants
Potensi Tanaman Zigzag sebagai Penyembuh Luka
Authors: Fauziah Milatul , Soniya Firinda
Published: May 2020

Luka adalah hilang atau rusaknya sebagian jaringan tubuh. Luka yang tidak mendapatkan perawatan yang semestinya dapat berakibat fatal. Proses penyembuhan luka terdiri dari hemostasis, inflamasi, proliferasidanremodelling. Pengobatan alternatif dalam penyembuhan luka secara empiris dapat menggunakan daun dan batang zigzag (Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit.). Tanaman ini mengandung sejumlah zat aktif seperti beta-sitosterol, flavonoid, fenol, 5-S-’methylthioadenosindan1,4-dihydroquinone dengan efek antioksidan yang berperan dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Selain itu, efek analgesiknya juga dapat mengurangi rasa sakit dari luka tersebut. Pedilanthus tithymaloides juga mampu menginhibisi beberapa jenis bakteri sebagai efek antimikrobial untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi pada luka.

 Kata kunci: luka, proses penyembuhan luka, tanaman zigzag

 POTENTIALS OF ZIGZAG PLANTS AS WILD HEALERS

                                                                                        ABSTRACT

Injury is the loss or damage of some body tissues. Injuries that do not get proper treatment can be fatal. The wound healing process consist of hemostasis, inflamation, proliferation, and remodelling. An alternative medicine in empirically healing wounds can use zigzag leaves and stems (Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit.). This plant contain some active subtances such as beta-sitosterol, flavonoids, phenol, 5-S-‘methylthioadenosin and 1,4-dihydroquinone that have an antioxidant effect for a faster wound healing. Besides, this plant has an nalgetic effect that reduce of pain from the wound. Pedilanthus tithymaloides also can inhibit some kind of bacterials as its antimicrobial effect to prevent from infection of the wound.

 Keyword : wound, wound healing process, zigzag plants
Potensi Daun Katuk dalam Mencegah Kerontokan Rambut
Authors: Fakhrizal Muhammad Alka , Saputra Kurnia Hadi
Published: May 2020

Alopesia berarti kerontokan rambut terlepas dari jenis penyebabnya. Alopesia dapat dibagi menjadi dua kategori utama: jaringan parut (cicatricial) dan non-jaringan parut (non-cicatricial). Penyebab alopesia termasuk penuaan, kekurangan gizi, ketidakseimbangan hormon, penyakit dan stres. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki potensi untuk mencegah kerontokan rambut adalah daun katuk karena kaya akan vitamin dan senyawa fenolik. Tujuan dari tinjauan pustaka ini adalah untuk melaporkan temuan ilmiah terbaru tentang manfaat kandungan daun katuk dalam mencegah kerontokan rambut dengan meningkatkan pertumbuhan, memperbaiki vaskular, dan menutrisi rambut . Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel berjenis tinjauan pusta ka ini adalah literature searching method melalui database NCBI dan Google Scholar. Tahun penerbitan sumber pustaka adalah dari tahun 2001 sampai tahun 2020 dengan 32 sumber pustaka dan 20 sumber yang dapat digunakan. Tema yang dikumpulkan terkait dengan kandungan daun katuk dalam mencegah kerontokan rambut atau alopesia. Hasil dari sintesis artikel yang telah ditemukan yaitu daun katuk bermanfaat dalam mencegah kerontokan rambut.

Kata kunci: alopesia, flavonoidsa, sauropus androgynous

 

THE POTENTION OF KATUK LEAF IN ORDER TO PREVENT HAIRLOSS

ABSTRACT

Alopecia means hair loss regardless of the type of cause. Alopecia can be divided into two main categories: scar tissue (cicatricial) and non-scar tissue (non-cicatricial). Causes of alopecia include aging, malnutrition, hormonal imbalance, illness and stress. One of the plants that has the potential to prevent hair loss is katuk leaves because it is rich in vitamins and phenolic compounds. The purpose of this literature assessment is to report the latest scientific findings about the benefits of katuk leaves in the prevention of hair loss by promoting growth, improving vascularity, and nourishing hair. The method used in this article is this literature is a method of searching literature through the NCBI database and Google Scholar. The year of library resources is from 2001 to 2020 with 32 library sources and 20 usable sources. The theme collected is related to the katuk leaf collection in the prevention of hair loss or alopecia. As a result of the synthesis of articles that have been found, katuk leaves are useful in preventing hair loss.

Keywords: alopecia , flavonoid, sauropus androgynous
A Simple Yet Multifaceted Enzyme
Authors: Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: May 2020

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are involved in many physiological and pathological .events in organisms all over the phylogenetic tree. Over the last three decades I was involved in unravelling the biochemical basic phenomena connected to these enzymes and in drug design of modulators of their activity (inhibitors and activators). The various approaches I developed were applied to many types of such enzymes and allowed the discovery of many classes of highly isoform-selective inhibitors. This afforded new applications of the inhibitors for the management of hypoxic tumors, neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, arthritis, degenerative disorders apart the classical ones connected with these drugs (diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic and antiobesity action). The study of CA activators showed that these enzymes may represent a crucial family of new targets for improving cognition as well as in therapeutic areas, such as phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders, for which few efficient therapies are available.
Single Layer Graphene and Vertical Graphene as a Promising Candidate for Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Tincu Bianca , Avram Mariaora , Tucureanu Vasilica , Mihailaescu Carmen , Tutunaru Oana , Avram Andrei , Anghel Elena
Published: May 2020

Recently, graphene as a material for sensors has attracted attention due to unique properties, such as: excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, chemical stability, high surface area and Young�s modulus ̴ 1GPa, very promising for electrochemical applications. Electrochemical sensors based on graphene have been used in many applications, such as: biomolecules, gases or metal ions detection. Here, we report the effect of morphology and orientation of graphene as electrode material with electrochemical method. We investigated the capacitive performance in the case of horizontal and vertical graphene sheets, synthetized by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD), respectively plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Graphene electrode is used in electrochemical cells with three electrodes as a working electrode. Raman spectroscopy was carried on the graphene films for quality and structure characterization. The working electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical method.
Self-sensing Piezoresistive Composites Based on Cement Incorporating Low Dosage of Carbon Black Used as Multifunctional Construction Materials
Authors: Parvan Marius-George , Voicu Georgeta , Badanoiu Alina-Ioana , Fruth Victor Oprisan
Published: May 2020

HIGHLIGHTS
-Carbon black (CB) particles in nanometric domain can be successfully incorporated in cement matrices in order to obtain special concretes/mortars with self-sensing properties.
-Piezorezistivity monitoring of mortars is a non-destructive method used to assess the structural characteristics of composite materials.
-The presence of CB in studied mortars provides a specific electrical sensitivity which may change when curing time increases.
The paper presents the manufacture and characterization of special mortars based on Portland cement (PC) and a nanopowder with electrical properties (carbon black - CB). These materials were characterized from the point of view of mechanical strengths as well as properties specific for self-sensing materials i.e. variation of electrical signal when applying a mechanical strain. The electrical signal and mechanical strength values are strongly dependent on the composition and microstructure of mortars.The values of electrical resistance are strongly correlated with the composition, morphology and curing time of the mortars. In this study significant changes of the electrical behaviour (piezoresistivity) of the mortars vs. curing time (90 or 180 days) were noticed, so this must be considered in practical applications. The best results were obtained for the mortars with 0.5-3 wt.% CB cured for 180 days.
Water Activity Role on Dried Agaricus Bisporus L. Lipid Oxidation During Storage Time
Authors: Dumitru Mihaela Gabriela
Published: May 2020

The aim is to determine the influence of water activity on dried Agaricus bisporus lipid oxidation stored for 180 days at a temperature of 25�C. Water sorption isotherms were determined using desiccators methods. Agaricus bisporus samples were equilibrated on saturated salt solutions in a range of water activity from 0.1 to 0.753. The equilibrium moisture content was obtained when there was no appreciable change in sample weight. GAB model was tested to determine the monolayer of Agaricus bisporus, m0, and there were monitored peroxide value, acidity value and refraction index as a function of Agaricus bisporus moisture (0.032 and 0.062 g water g-1 Agaricus bisporus) during the period of storage and the influence of Agaricus bisporus moisture on lipid oxidation.
Oskara Rihtera „Meži šalc” – pirmais latviešu sociālistiskā reālisma romāns
Authors: Ļaksa-Timinska Ilze
Published: May 2020

In the 1920s–1930s a significant number of Latvians lived in the USSR (the number of Latvians in the USSR ranged from 120,000 to 200,000 in these decades). The USSR Latvian diaspora had a small contact with the Latvian population in Latvia, but despite this, a separate, unique Latvian culture was formed – a network of Latvian schools, technical schools, periodicals, theatres, publishing houses, etc. Literature was also of great importance – it helped to improve the Latvian language, as well as intellectually unite the wide-spread Latvian diaspora in the USSR. The choice of Latvians to live in the USSR rather than in Latvia in the 1920s–1930s, could be interpreted as submission to the Soviet regime and even betrayal of Latvia, therefore, even today, the life of Soviet Latvians, and especially literature, has been relatively under-researched.
In the 1930s in the USSR, there were six novels published in Latvian. They were written in the context of the totalitarian rule when the process of literary control was intensified, so writers had to be subject to the principles of socialist realism.
The focus of the research is on the last Soviet Latvian novel issued in the 1930s –“Meži šalc” (1936) by Oskars Rihters (1898–1938). In the analysis of the novel, attention is drawn to its creation, perception, cultural, and historical context, as well as its artistic structure and value.
The novel is an apology of Marxist-Leninist ideology. “Meži šalc” has similarities with canonical Russian texts (for example, “How the Steel Was Tempered” (Как закалялась сталь, 1934) by Nikolai Ostrovsky (Николай Островский, 1904–1934)). The novel represents the USSR trend in art not only thematically, but also in compositional form. Hence, this novel should be regarded as the first consistent novel of socialist realism in the history of Latvian literature.
The History of Lithuanian Literature According to Ričardas Gavelis
Authors: Tabor Joanna
Published: May 2020

Ričardas Gavelis’s (1950–2002) prose contains many cultural references, including the names of famous European writers, thinkers and philosophers, such as Camus, Kafka, Beckett, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, or Orwell. Characters of Gavelis’s novels think about these authors, discuss their texts and ideas with others, but also write letters to them, contact them telepathically or even… physically. A few Lithuanian authors’ names can be found there as well. Hence, the aim of this article is to have a closer look at those names and the context in which they appear.
I am going to analyze first three novels written by Gavelis: “Vilnius Poker” (Vilniaus Pokeris, 1989), “Memoirs of a Life Cut Short” (Jauno žmogaus memuarai, 1991) and “Vilnius Jazz” (Vilniaus džiazas, 1993), as they depict the same literary vision. Lithuanian authors that are mentioned in these novels include, among others, such significant figures of Lithuanian culture as Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas (in “Memoirs of a Life Cut Short”), a writer, a poet, and a university professor, or Justinas Marcinkevičius, considered to be „the only one real Lithuanian poet” (in “Vilnius Poker”). The characters of Gavelis’s novels criticize Lithuanian literature for propagating the stereotype of the „Lithuanian spirit” – lyrical, sentimental, experiencing deep emotions but not thinking, soft, introvert and passive, hermetic and closed in its own circle.
The authors such as Camus, Kafka, Orwell, Beckett, Russell, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Ortega y Gasset – thinkers, innovators, precursors – add the European context to this picture. Their presence shows us what Gavelis’s characters (and probably Gavelis himself) require from literature. The model claimed as typical for Lithuania does not cover their intellectual needs. It is also considered dangerous because it creates a picture of Lithuanian mentality as soft, submissive and easy to control.
The Bestseller vs. Literature: the Case of Kristina Sabaliauskaitė’s “Silva Rerum”
Authors: Čerškutė Jūratė
Published: May 2020

This article presents the “Silva rerum” phenomenon, which is a quartet of historical novels by Kristina Sabaliauskaitė, published between 2008 and 2016. It discusses the circumstances of the writer’s debut, the reception of the novel in Lithuania, the general reading of the novels, its place in contemporary Lithuanian prose, and its possible influences on tendencies in Lithuanian prose. Most of the discussion focuses on one of the most important questions arising from this cycle of novels and which is still following it – is “Silva rerum” by Sabaliauskaitė a work of popular literature? Why is such a question even raised and is such a designation dividing literature even meaningful? Looking for answers to this question, we can glance at the concepts used in the Anglo-Saxon literary tradition and by applying them to Lithuanian literature, we intend to show why they – because of existing traditions and historical circumstances – are not accurate and sufficient enough to call the “Silva rerum” quartet a “popular novel”.
Risk Management of the Project and the Use of Software in SME
Authors: Vichova K. , Taraba P. , Belantova T.
Published: May 2020

Today we live in a time when it is necessary to try to minimize risks to the lowest possible level of risk. There are several risks in the SMEs as the environmental, economic and others. We do not constantly manage to eliminate the risks. For risk management purposes, the use of project risk management using software is appropriate. Today, it offers a plethora of software that allows them to be used. Thanks to this software, work is simplified, and there is no human error. The aim of this article would be to analyze the risks in small and medium enterprises. For this purpose, Pareto analysis, Chi-squared test were used, and the most significant risks were evaluated. Furthermore, the methods used in risk management were assessed. In the conclusion of the paper, the results of the work were summarized, and recommendations for small and mediumsized enterprises in the field of project risk management were proposed.
Characterizing gaze position signals and synthesizing noise during fixations in eye-tracking data
Authors: Niehorster Diederick C. , Zemblys Raimondas , Beelders Tanya , Holmqvist Kenneth
Published: May 2020

The magnitude of variation in the gaze position signals recorded by an eye tracker, also known as its precision, is an important aspect of an eye tracker’s data quality. However, data quality of eye-tracking signals is still poorly understood. In this paper, we therefore investigate the following: (1) How do the various available measures characterizing eye-tracking data during fixation relate to each other? (2) How are they influenced by signal type? (3) What type of noise should be used to augment eye-tracking data when evaluating eye-movement analysis methods? To support our analysis, this paper presents new measures to characterize signal type and signal magnitude based on RMS-S2S and STD, two established measures of precision. Simulations are performed to investigate how each of these measures depends on the number of gaze position samples over which they are calculated, and to reveal how RMS-S2S and STD relate to each other and to measures characterizing the temporal spectrum composition of the recorded gaze position signal. Further empirical investigations were performed using gaze position data recorded with five eye trackers from human and artificial eyes. We found that although the examined eye trackers produce gaze position signals with different characteristics, the relations between precision measures derived from simulations are borne out by the data. We furthermore conclude that data with a range of signal type values should be used to assess the robustness of eye-movement analysis methods. We present a method for generating artificial eye-tracker noise of any signal type and magnitude.
Hibiscus fabiana sp. nov. (Malvaceae) from the Guinea Highlands (West Africa)
Authors: Cheek M. , Haba P.K. , Cisse S.
Published: May 2020

Hibiscus fabiana Cheek (sect. Furcaria, Malvaceae) is described from the Guinea Highlands of West Africa, and its taxonomic affinities and ecology are considered. Hibiscus fabiana has previously been confused with H. rostellatus but has red fleshy
calyx ribs (vs not red and non-fleshy), the calyx surface is glabrous apart from 1-armed bristles (vs densely covered in minute white stellate hairs and bristles 2–5-armed), the leaves 3(–5)-lobed, bases truncate to rounded (vs 5-lobed, cordate). The conservation status of the
new species is assessed using the IUCN 2012 standard as Vulnerable. In the context of the recently discovered extinction of the Guinean endemic Inversodicraea pygmaea G. Taylor (Podostemaceae), we discuss the 30 new species to science discovered in Guinea since 2005, all but
one of which are also range-restricted and threatened, usually by development or habitat loss. We consider it urgent to avoid their extinction, ideally with in situ conservation using an Important Plant Areas approach.
ФОРМУВАННЯ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ СИСТЕМИ МОРСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ (1922-1941)
Authors: Ляшкевич А. І.
Published: May 2020

У статті описано формування системи морської освіти за часів радянської влади. Використовуючи матеріали опрацьованих історичних та архівних джерел, проаналізовано організацію освітнього процесу Херсонського робітничого технікуму водного транспорту (пізніше Херсонського морського технікуму). Для більш глибокого розуміння теми статті створено історичну довідку про події того періоду, де зазначено що в 1922 Рада Праці та Оборони створила в системі Наркомату шляхів сполучення державні пароплавства, серед яких було й Чорноморсько-Азовське, а загальне керівництво їх діяльністю здійснювало Центральне правління Держторгфлоту. У 1924 р. було створено єдину торгово-транспортну організацію, яка об’єднала транспортні судна, що належали різним наркоматам, відомствам та акціонерним товариствам, у тому числі з іноземним капіталом. Тоді й було започатковано основи централізованого управління морським транспортом як єдиною галуззю народного господарства, до інфраструктури якої увійшли не лише судна, порти та судноремонтні заводи, а й навчальні заклади.

Для більш повного розуміння формування морської освіти в означений період охарактеризовано етапи її розвитку, підходи до підготовки морських спеціалістів різного профілю для забезпечення економічних потреб країни, з урахуванням особливостей географічного розташування південного регіону. Звертається увага на структурі навчальних планів із зазначенням блоків та дисциплін, що були обов’язковими для вивчення. Цими питаннями займалася Рада Дніпровських навчальних закладів, до якої увійшли представники Херсонського технікуму, Олешківської та Голопристанської морехідних шкіл.

У дослідженні подаються біографічні відомості випускників технікуму радянського періоду,  серед яких також були судноводії та судномеханіки рибопромислового флоту. Тому в статті стверджується, що  розвиток системи морської освіти в той час здійснювався в горизонтальній площині.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ АНГЛОМОВНИХ СЕРІАЛІВ У НАВЧАННІ СТУДЕНТІВ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ
Authors: Стеценко Н. М.  , Стеценко Д. В.
Published: May 2020

У статті розглянуто питання використання сучасних англомовних кіносеріалів у процесі навчання студентів іноземної мови. Визначено, що розвиток методики викладання англійської мови потребує від викладача розширення кола методичних ресурсів. Окрім друкованих видань та аудіо матеріалів, викладач може використовувати англомовні фільми, у тому числі й сучасні англомовні серіали. Доведено, що серіали мають певні переваги, оскільки містять автентичні матеріали; складаються з коротких серій, що сприяє утриманню уваги студентів і полегшує сприйняття; цікавість сюжету забезпечує системність перегляду, а значить - і системність занять іноземною мовою. Під час перегляду серіалів студенти мають змогу почути живу розмовну мову з її діалектами, цікавим сленгом та фразеологізмами; побачити відповідну міміку й жести героїв. Фільми надають можливість ознайомитися з культурою і традиціями носіїв мови, способом їхнього життя. Крім того, автентичні фільми дозволяють покращити вимову, сприяють розширенню словникового запасу студентів, удосконаленню навичок аудіювання, говоріння. Наявність субтитрів дозволяє виробляти навички автоматичного сприйняття іноземної мови завдяки тому, що в разі нерозуміння почутого, є можливість прочитати ці фрази. При доборі відеоматеріалів необхідно враховувати такі моменти:  наявність базових знань студентів; відповідність рівню іншомовної комунікативної компетентності; сучасність відеоматеріалу; наявність соціокультурної та соціолінгвістичної інформації.

Методисти рекомендують дотримуватися трифазової схеми роботи: до перегляду; під час перегляду; після перегляду. У статті наведено приклад методичної розробки щодо роботи над однією з серій сучасного англомовного серіалу "Freud" (Фрейд). Запропонована методика удосконалення комунікативної компетентності студентів, на нашу думку, є достатньо продуктивною, оскільки підвищує мотивацію і таким чином забезпечує формування навичок сприйняття мови на слух (аудіювання); покращує словниковий запас студентів, розвиває навички розуміння і складання речень іноземною мовою.
Relationship of Chemical Composition of Saliva, Body Mass Index, and Nutrition with Permanent First Molar Caries in 6â€“12 Years Old
Authors: Mollaasadollah Fatemeh , Bakhshi Mahin , Namdari Mahshid , Papi Zahra , Shabestari Samira Basir
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is a major health problem worldwide, which negatively affects the quality of life. The salivary concentration of calcium, phosphorus, pH, and flow rate of the saliva plays a role in its cariostatic activity.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the relationship of biochemical composition of the saliva, body mass index (BMI), and nutrition with permanent first molar caries in 6â€“12 years old.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 children between 6 and 12 years with four fully erupted first molars. Their weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Dental examination was performed, saliva sample was collected, and a questionnaire was filled out. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.
RESULTS: A significant association was noted between BMI and caries (p = 0.002). The association between caries and frequency of drinking soft drinks per week (p = 0.002), frequency of eating sugary foods per week fast food per month (p = 0.001), saliva pH (p = 0.001), and saliva flow rate (p < 0.0001) was statistically significant. Although a significant association was noted between BMI and pH, saliva flow, and dental caries, no significant association was found between the composition of saliva (level of calcium and phosphate) with dental caries and BMI (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: It appears that reduction in saliva flow and pH and high sugar intake in overweight subjects increase the risk of caries. Further studies on a larger sample size are required to evaluate the role of other constituents of saliva in this respect.
Orange-Brown Precipitate: A Threat to the Success of Endodontic Treatment â€“ An In Vitro Study
Authors: Chandrashekhar Shashidhar , Rao Dinesh , Shashidhar Jyothi , Naik Smitha
Published: May 2020

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of various intermediate irrigating solutions in the removal of orange-brown precipitate formed due to alternative use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) root canal irrigants.
METHODS: The root canals of 50 mandibular premolars were prepared using ProTaper Universal Rotary instruments (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) up to size F3. The roots were randomly divided into five experimental groups specified by the intermediate irrigant used; Group 1: No intermediate irrigant used (control), Group 2: Saline, Group 3: 7% maleic acid (MA), Group 4: 4% sodium thiosulfate, and Group 5: 70% isopropyl alcohol (n = 10). After final irrigation with CHX, the specimens were evaluated for the presence/absence of orange-brown precipitate under stereomicroscope.
RESULTS: Mean precipitate for all experimental groups was calculated using ANOVA F test which showed orange-brown precipitate (parachloroanaline) in all groups except Group 4 and Group 5 which were highly significant (p < 0.001) at all the levels of root canal. Intergroup pairwise comparison was done using Tukeyâ€™s post hoc test.
CONCLUSION: About 7% MA is effective in minimizing the formation of orange-brown precipitate when used as intermediate irrigant between NaOCl and CHX. However, the precipitate was not observed with 4% sodium thiosulfate and 70% isopropyl alcohol.
Bioecological aspects of the common black field cricket, Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in the laboratory and in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) plantations
Authors: Masson Marcus Vinicius , Tavares Wagner de Souza , Alves Jacyr Mesquita , Ferreira-Filho Pedro José , Barbosa Leonardo Rodrigues , Wilcken Carlos Frederico , Zanuncio José Cola
Published: May 2020

The common black field cricket,Gryllus assimilis(Orthoptera: Gryllidae), damages young plants of red cedar,Juniperus virginiana(Cupressaceae); strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa (Rosaceae); sugarcane,Saccharum officinarum(Poaceae); teak,Tectona grandis(Lamiaceae); upland cotton,Gossypium hirsutum(Malvaceae); and, mainly,Eucalyptusspp. (Myrtaceae). The objective of this study was to investigate the biological and behavioral parameters of this insect in the laboratory and inEucalyptusspp. plantations in Inhambupe, Bahia State, Brazil. The incubation period and the viability ofG. assimiliseggs were 11.87 days and approximately 22%, respectively. The duration of the nymphal stage was 62.34 days with approximately 60% of the nymphs obtained in the laboratory being females. The average number of egg batches per female, eggs per female, and eggs per batch per female of this insect were 25.50, 862.17, and 34.65, respectively.G. assimilisfemales lived for 76.50 days in the adult stage, and 138.34 days in total, from egg through nymph to adult. Males produced three characteristic sounds: one for the marking of territory, one for courtship, and one when alone.G. assimilisfed primarily on weeds but, in their absence, it damaged youngEucalyptusspp. plants. This paper presents important data on the biology and behavior ofG. assimilis; this information may encourage additional biological research, laboratory rearing, and integrated management of this pest.
Island mysteries in the spotlight: Barbitistes kaltenbachi and Rhacocleis buchichii, the only bush-cricket species endemic to Croatia (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Felix Rob , Heller Klaus-Gerhard , Odé Baudewijn , Rebrina Fran , Skejo Josip
Published: May 2020

Hvar Saw Bush-cricketBarbitistes kaltenbachiHarz, 1965 (Phaneropterinae: Barbitistini) and Lesina Bush-cricketRhacocleis buchichiiBrunner von Wattenwyl in Herman 1874 (Tettigoniinae: Platycleidini) are flightless orthopterans restricted to a narrow area in the Mediterranean part of Croatia, both originally described from Hvar Island. In this study, all available information on these two interesting species is presented: data on morphology, bioacoustics, distribution, habitat, and a key to identification of the species belonging to generaBarbitistesandRhacocleisin Croatia. The songs of bothB. kaltenbachiandR. buchichiiare described here for the first time, with the former one being the second known example of a synchronising and presumably duetting species. Both species were reassessed according to the IUCN Red List criteria, whereB. kaltenbachishould be considered an endangered species, whileR. buchichiiis suggested to be downgraded to a less threatened category. Biogeography and evolution of the species are briefly discussed.
Back to basics or ready for take-off? The tensions on the role of management controllers in the digital age
Authors: Cavélius Florence , Endenich Christoph , Zicari Adrian
Published: May 2020

À l’ère du digital, les entreprises transforment leur business models mais aussi leur fonction support, incluant la fonction contrôle de gestion. Les contrôleurs de gestion assurent la diffusion de l’information de prise de décisions, mais aussi conseillent les managers à tous les niveaux dans l’entreprise. À la lumière de ce contexte, nous analysons les tensions qui surviennent à l’ère du digital, sur le travail et le rôle des contrôleurs de gestion. Basée sur une étude empirique dans le contexte français, notre étude met en évidence qu’en présence du phénomène de Big Data, les contrôleurs de gestion doivent massivement investir dans la collecte de données et dans des missions de contrôle, de fiabilité et pertinence des données, ce qui leur laisse moins de temps pour conseiller et challenger les managers opérationnels. Néanmoins, si les contrôleurs de gestion évitent de rester enfermés dans ces tâches plus techniques, et lorsqu’ils maîtrisent le Big Data et les nouveaux outils, ils sont activement impliqués dans la transformation digitale de leurs entreprises. Ainsi, ils ajoutent de la valeur à ces données de masse qui arrivent dans l’organisation, en donnant du sens aux données, mettant en évidence des opportunités de business et challengeant les opérationnels grâce à leur connaissance d’expert.
Appel à la créativité des agents pour « sortir des rails » : la SNCF au milieu des voies
Authors: Arnoud Justine , Vandangeon-Derumez Isabelle
Published: May 2020

Nous proposons d’analyser dans cet article la manière dont la SNCF a mis en place des initiatives visant à faire appel à la créativité des agents pour se renouveler et faire face à l’ouverture à la concurrence. Afin d’explorer ces initiatives, nous avons privilégié une approche pragmatiste de la créativité, centrée sur la créativité située et associée à la possibilité d’enquêter ensemble lorsqu’un doute s’installe dans les situations de travail. Cet éclairage original s’est révélé utile pour comprendre l’évolution des initiatives mises en place à la SNCF au sein de la région Normandie et étudiées dans le cadre d’une étude longitudinale. À deux reprises, les agents ont eu le sentiment de vivre une expérience créative collective qui s’est avérée être proche d’une dynamique d’enquête. L’analyse fine de cette dynamique permet de mieux comprendre comment celle-ci a pu se produire au sein d’une entreprise réputée être une grande bureaucratie professionnelle, tout en soulignant les limites et le retour rapide des approches rationnelle et normative de l’agir humain, peu propices au développement de la créativité. Nous discutons cette expérience de créativité inattendue et les enjeux et difficultés d’une compréhension renouvelée de la créativité au sein des organisations.
Plateformes numériques industrielles : une révolution qui ne dit pas son nom ?
Authors: Deshayes Christophe , Fontaine Marc , Trouvé Thierry
Published: May 2020

Face au succès et à la domination des géants du numérique dans le B2C , les secteurs industriels du B2B se tournent eux-aussi vers une stratégie de “plateformisation”. L’abaissement des frontières entre les acteurs et les catégories de données d’une même filière industrielle, ou encore une production, une commercialisation et même une innovation collaboratives sont-ils synonymes d’une meilleure performance et d’une optimisation des ressources ? Trois témoignages éclairent sur la façon dont se vivent et se mènent ces transformations.
De la longue histoire des épidémies au Covid-19
Authors: Sardon Jean-Paul
Published: May 2020

L’histoire de l’homme est jalonnée de maladies épidémiques. Elles ont toujours suivi les déplacements, liés aux échanges commerciaux ou aux guerres. Ces épidémies, définies comme des pestes avant l’époque moderne, pouvaient être provoquées par des agents différents (typhoïde, variole, peste bubonique ou pulmonaire, fièvre jaune). L’accélération récente des voyages, avec le développement des voyages aériens, augmenta la vitesse de propagation des nouvelles épidémies. Cependant, les progrès dans la détection des cas et la rapidité de mise en œuvre de traitements permirent le plus souvent de limiter leurs conséquences sanitaires. Des pestes de l’Antiquité à la pandémie actuelle de Covid-19, en passant par la Peste noire et la grippe espagnole, les grandes épidémies du passé sont analysées, ainsi que le nombre de leurs victimes.
Quel aménagement du territoire ?
Authors: Dumont Gérard-François
Published: May 2020

L’évolution des territoires français se trouve particulièrement concernée au XXI e  siècle par trois enjeux : le développement durable, la décentralisation, et la mondialisation. Cette analyse consiste à décrypter la nature de ces enjeux pour les territoires afin de définir les axes essentiels d’une politique d’aménagement du territoire au service du bien commun.
Faut-il détruire les ennemis de nos adversaires ? Besoin d’ennemis et réputation dans un conflit électoral
Authors: Menuet Maxime , Villieu Patrick
Published: May 2020

Pourquoi les politiciens ne résolvent-ils pas les problèmes sociaux ? Une des raisons peut être que ces problèmes sont difficiles à résoudre, ou que les politiciens sont incompétents. Mais il existe une autre raison : en démocratie représentative, des politiciens compétents peuvent être incités à ne pas résoudre les problèmes afin de conserver un avantage électoral. Les modèles standard de préoccupations de carrière montrent que les forces réputationnelles peuvent, dans une certaine mesure, inciter les politiciens à résoudre les problèmes. Mais si la carrière des politiciens dépend également des problèmes résiduels qu’ils savent régler avec compétence, les réformes qu’ils mettront en œuvre résulteront de l’arbitrage entre la réputation et la nécessité de garder les ennemis en vie. En outre, les politiciens seront amenés à résoudre en priorité les problèmes pour lesquels ils sont moins qualifiés, afin de détruire l’avantage comparatif de leurs adversaires.
Qui porte le fardeau ? Les coûts de la production de défense dans l’Union européenne
Authors: Droff Josselin , Malizard Julien
Published: May 2020

Les pays de l’UE forment-ils une alliance militaire optimale, dans laquelle le fardeau de la sécurité serait équitablement partagé ? Pour répondre à cette question, cet article reprend les travaux de la théorie des alliances qui vise à comparer les bénéfices attendus aux coûts supportés. L’originalité consiste à examiner ces coûts sous divers angles : en plus de la dimension budgétaire, nous retenons les dimensions d’innovation (budget de R&D), capacitaires (budget d’équipement) et opérationnelles (projection de forces). Ce travail empirique s’appuie sur une base de données de l’Agence européenne de défense (AED), sur la période 2005-2014. Les résultats montrent que l’UE tend à se comporter comme une alliance sur les dimensions personnel et troupes déployées mais pas sur les dépenses de recherche et développement, d’équipements ni sur les budgets de défense dans leur globalité.
Immunization strategies in directed networks
Authors: Jia Junbo ,   Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China, Shi Wei , Yang Pan , Fu Xinchu
Published: May 2020

Many complex systems can be modeled as directed networks, which can be regarded as a generalization of undirected networks. In this paper, epidemic dynamics and immunization strategies in directed networks are studied. First, a Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model on a directed network is established employing the mean-field method, and its dynamics and epidemic threshold of the network are studied. Then based on the continuous degree technique, namely, considering the degree of a node as a continuous variable, we propose a method to calculate the epidemic threshold of the immunized network. Besides, some immunization strategies, including optimal immunization, random immunization, combined targeted immunization, and combined acquaintance immunization, and three special networks are considered. Finally, through numerical analysis, all immunization strategies are simulated and compared on different types of networks. We find that the nodes with the largest product of in-degree and out-degree are the most worthy of being immunized.
« Une fourmilière ! » Des usages d’un rond-point en maison d’arrêt
Authors: Yeghicheyan Jennifer
Published: May 2020

À partir d’observations ethnographiques, nous proposons d’étudier les usages du rond-point central d’une maison d’arrêt. Dénommé « fourmilière » par les surveillants et élément primordial du dispositif sécuritaire, ce carrefour vise à fluidifier les circulations des détenus. Toutefois, les pratiques de ces derniers et des personnels transforment cet échangeur quasi routier en « lieu ». Les coprésences éprouvées en son sein produisent des sociabilités et des rapports de pouvoir venant bousculer les cadres de l’institution.