bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on the nasomaxillary complex—a finite element method (FEM) analysis
Authors: MacGinnis Matt , Chu Howard , Youssef George , Wu Kimberley W , Machado Andre Wilson , Moon Won
Published: August 2014

Background

Orthodontic palatal expansion appliances have been widely used with satisfactory and, most often, predictable clinical results. Recently, clinicians have successfully utilized micro-implants with palatal expander designs to work as anchors to the palate to achieve more efficient skeletal expansion and to decrease undesired dental effects. The purpose of the study was to use finite element method (FEM) to determine the stress distribution and displacement within the craniofacial complex when simulated conventional and micro-implant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) expansion forces are applied to the maxilla. The simulated stress distribution produced within the palate and maxillary buttresses in addition to the displacement and rotation of the maxilla could then be analyzed to determine if micro-implants aid in skeletal expansion.

Methods

A three-dimensional (3D) mesh model of the cranium with associated maxillary sutures was developed using computed tomography (CT) images and Mimics modeling software. To compare transverse expansion stresses in rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and MARPE, expansion forces were distributed to differing points on the maxilla and evaluated with ANSYS simulation software.

Results

The stresses distributed from forces applied to the maxillary teeth are distributed mainly along the trajectories of the three maxillary buttresses. In comparison, the MARPE showed tension and compression directed to the palate, while showing less rotation, and tipping of the maxillary complex. In addition, the conventional hyrax displayed a rotation of the maxilla around the teeth as opposed to the midpalatal suture of the MARPE. This data suggests that the MARPE causes the maxilla to bend laterally, while preventing unwanted rotation of the complex.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the MARPE may be beneficial for hyperdivergent patients, or those that have already experienced closure of the midpalatal suture, who require palatal expansion and would worsen from buccal tipping of the teeth or maxillary complex.
Novel daidzein analogs enhance osteogenic activity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stromal/stem cells through estrogen receptor dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Strong Amy L , Ohlstein Jason F , Jiang Quan , Zhang Qiang , Zheng Shilong , Boue Stephen M , Elliott Steven , Gimble Jeffrey M , Burow Matthew E , Wang Guangdi , Bunnell Bruce A
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fractures. Studies have demonstrated the use of phytoestrogens, or plant-derived estrogens, such as genistein and daidzein, to effectively increase osteogenic activity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Herein, the effects of daidzein analogs on the osteogenic differentiation efficiency of human BMSC and adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) were explored.

Methods

BMSCs and ASCs underwent osteogenic differentiation in the presence of vehicle, 17β-estradiol (E2), phytoestrogens, or daidzein analogs. Cells were stained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymatic activity, calcium deposition by alizarin red s, and phosphate mineralization by silver nitrate. Gene expression analysis was conducted on cells treated with daidzein analogs.

Results

Cells treated with E2, daidzein, or genistein increased calcium deposition by 1.6-, 1.5-, and 1.4-fold, respectively, relative to vehicle-treated BMSCs and 1.6-, 1.7-, and 1.4-fold relative to vehicle-treated ASCs, respectively. BMSCs treated with daidzein analog 2c, 2g, and 2l demonstrated a 1.6-, 1.6-, and 1.9-fold increase in calcium deposition relative to vehicle-treated BMSCs, respectively, while ASCs treated with daidzein analog 2c, 2g, or 2l demonstrated a 1.7-, 2.0-, and 2.2-fold increase in calcium deposition relative to vehicle-treated ASCs, respectively. Additional analysis with BMSCs and ASCs was conducted in the more efficient compounds: 2g and 2l. ALP activity and phosphate mineralization was increased in 2g- and 2l-treated cells. The analysis of lineage specific gene expression demonstrated increased expression of key osteogenic genes (RUNX2, c-FOS, SPARC, DLX5, SPP1, COL1A1, IGF1, SOST, and DMP1) and earlier induction of these lineage specific genes, following treatment with 2g or 2l, relative to vehicle-treated cells. Estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor studies demonstrated that ER antagonist fulvestrant inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of 2g in BMSCs and ASCs, while fulvestrant only attenuated the effects of 2l, suggesting that 2l acts by both ER dependent and independent pathways.

Conclusions

These studies provide support for exploring the therapeutic efficacy of daidzein derivatives for the treatment of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the patterns of gene induction differed following treatment with each daidzein analog, suggesting that these daidzein analogs activate distinct ER and non-ER pathways to induce differentiation in BMSCs and ASCs.
Application of Spatially Correlated and Coherent Records of Scenario Event to Estimate Seismic Loss of a Portfolio of Buildings
Authors: Liu T. J. , Hong H. P.
Published: August 2014

This study extends the stochastic finite-fault model (SFFM) to simulate spatially correlated and coherent records for a scenario seismic event and estimates the seismic loss of spatially distributed buildings using the simulated records. The extension incorporates the spatial coherency and the spatially correlated disturbance. The simulated records are used to evaluate nonlinear inelastic responses of buildings modeled as nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom systems and to estimate their aggregate seismic loss. Use of the simulated records in such a manner is advantageous since it is applicable to buildings modeled as single- or multi-degree-of-freedom systems with different hysteretic behaviors. The procedure is used to investigate the sensitivity of the seismic loss of a portfolio of hypothetical buildings in downtown Vancouver subjected to a scenario event. The results show that the probability distribution and the quantile of the seismic loss are influenced significantly by the degree of spatial correlation and by nonlinear inelastic behavior.
GPER-1 and Estrogen Receptor-β Ligands Modulate Aldosterone Synthesis
Authors: Caroccia Brasilina , Seccia Teresa M. , Campos Abril Gonzalez , Gioco Francesca , Kuppusamy Maniselvan , Ceolotto Giulio , Guerzoni Eugenia , Simonato Francesca , Mareso Sara , Lenzini Livia , Fassina Ambrogio , Rossi Gian Paolo
Published: August 2014

Fertile women have lower blood pressure and cardiovascular risk than age-matched men, which suggests that estrogens exert cardiovascular protective effects. However, whether 17 β-estradiol (E2) blunts aldosterone secretion, and thereby affects the gender dimorphism of blood pressure, is unknown. We therefore sought for the estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes in human adrenocortical tissues ex vivo by performing gene and protein expression studies. We also investigated the effect of E2 on aldosterone synthesis and the involved receptors through in vitro functional experiments in the adrenocortical cells HAC15. We found that in the human adrenal cortex and aldosterone-producing adenoma cells, the most expressed ERs were the ERβ and the G protein-coupled receptor-1 (GPER-1), respectively. After selective ERβ blockade, E2 (10 nmol/L) markedly increased both the expression of aldosterone synthase and the production of aldosterone (+5- to 7-fold vs baseline, P < .001). Under the same condition, the GPER-1 receptor agonist 1-[4-(6-bromo-benzo (1, 3)dioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c] quinolin-8-yl]-ethanone (G-1) (10 nmol/L) mimicked this effect, which was abrogated by cotreatment with either the GPER-1 receptor antagonist (3aS*,4R*,9bR*)-4-(6-Bro-mo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline (G-15), or a selective protein kinase A inhibitor 8-Bromo-2-monobutyryladenosine-3,5-cyclic mono-phosphorothioate, Rp-isomer. Silencing of the ERβ significantly raised aldosterone synthase expression and aldosterone production. Conversely, silencing of the GPER-1 lowered aldosterone synthase gene and protein expression. Moreover, it blunted the stimulatory effect of E2 on aldosterone synthase that was seen during ERβ blockade. These results support the conclusion that in humans, E2 inhibits aldosterone synthesis by acting via ERβ. Pharmacologic disinhibition of ERβ unmasks a potent secretagogue effect of E2 that involves GPER-1 and protein kinase A signaling.
Kinetic Analysis of Inactivation and Enzyme Reaction of Oxygen-Tolerant [NiFe]-Hydrogenase at Direct Electron-Transfer Bioanode
Authors: So Keisei , Kitazumi Yuki , Shirai Osamu , Kurita Kouhei , Nishihara Hirofumi , Higuchi Yoshiki , Kano Kenji
Published: August 2014

Membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenase (MBH) from Hydrogenovibrio marinus is an O2-tolerant enzyme and allows direct-electron-transfer (DET) bioelectrocatalysis for H2-oxidation. MBH is a promising bioelectrocatalyst for bioanode of enzymatic H2–O2 biofuel cells. From the practical viewpoint of electricity production, the H2-depletion near the electrode surface and the oxidative and reversible inactivation called “anaerobic inactivation” of [NiFe]-hydrogenases limit the H2-oxidation at high potentials. We have already proposed a gas-diffusion system to avoid inactivation in our previous study. In this research, we have analyzed the kinetics of the electrochemically induced anaerobic inactivation and the DET bioelectrocatalytic reaction of MBH on electrodes. When the inactivation is considered as a competitive inhibition-like reaction, the maximum value of the apparent Michaelis constant reaches 6.5 mM (at Ketjen Black-modified electrode) as analyzed in our kinetic model. Since the value is larger than the saturated H2-concentration in solution (0.74 mM), we conclude that high-speed H2-supply realized by a gas-diffusion electrode is essential to compete with the inactivation. Furthermore, a gas-diffusion bioanode with MBH can eliminate the H2-depletion near the electrode surface and has reached about 10 mA cm−2 at 0 V (vs. Ag|AgCl|sat. KCl electrode) under quiescent (passive) and H2-atmospheric conditions.
Beyond Happiness and Satisfaction: Toward Well-Being Indices Based on Stated Preference
Authors: Benjamin Daniel J. , Heffetz Ori , Kimball Miles S. , Szembrot Nichole
Published: August 2014

This paper proposes foundations and a methodology for survey-based tracking of well-being. First, we develop a theory in which utility depends on “fundamental aspects” of well-being, measurable with surveys. Second, drawing from psychologists, philosophers, and economists, we compile a comprehensive list of such aspects. Third, we demonstrate our proposed method for estimating the aspects' relative marginal utilities—a necessary input for constructing an individual-level well-being index—by asking ∼4,600 US survey respondents to state their preference between pairs of aspect bundles. We estimate high relative marginal utilities for aspects related to family, health, security, values, freedom, happiness, and life satisfaction. (JEL C43, C83, D12, I31)
Human Capital and the Wealth of Nations
Authors: Manuelli Rodolfo E. , Seshadri Ananth
Published: August 2014

We reevaluate the role of human capital in determining the wealth of nations. We use standard human capital theory to estimate stocks of human capital and allow the quality of human capital to vary across countries. Our model can explain differences in schooling and earnings profiles and, consequently, estimates of Mincerian rates of return across countries. We find that effective human capital per worker varies substantially across countries. Cross-country differences in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) are significantly smaller than found in previous studies. Our model implies that output per worker is highly responsive to changes in TFP and demographic variables. (JEL E23, I25, J24, J31, O47)
Mortgage Modification and Strategic Behavior: Evidence from a Legal Settlement with Countrywide
Authors: Mayer Christopher , Morrison Edward , Piskorski Tomasz , Gupta Arpit
Published: August 2014

We investigate whether homeowners respond strategically to news of mortgage modification programs. We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in modification policy induced by settlement of US state government lawsuits against Countrywide Financial Corporation, which agreed to offer modifications to seriously delinquent borrowers. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we find that Countrywide's monthly delinquency rate increased more than 0.54 percentage points—a 10 percent relative increase—immediately after the settlement's announcement. The estimated increase in default rates is largest among borrowers least likely to default otherwise. These results suggest that strategic behavior should be an important consideration in designing mortgage modification programs. (JEL D14, G21, K22, R31)
Multiproduct Search and the Joint Search Effect
Authors: Zhou Jidong
Published: August 2014

This paper presents a sequential search model where consumers look for several products from multiproduct firms. Multiproduct search can significantly influence firms' pricing decisions. For example, it can make market prices decrease with search costs. Possible applications of the model are also discussed. (JEL D11, D43, D83)
Polyploid evolution, intercontinental biogeographical relationships and morphology of the recently described African oat genus Trisetopsis (Poaceae)
Authors: Wölk Alexandra , Röser Martin
Published: August 2014

We examined the morphology and molecular phylogeny of several genera of the traditional grass tribe Aveneae, with focus on Helictotrichon and the recently described genus Trisetopsis from tropical and subtropical Africa. Altogether we surveyed 34 taxa for structural characters of the spikelets including lemmas, lodicules and ovaries. Sequences of the nuclear single–copy gene topoisomerase 6 (Topo6) spanning two introns, nuclear ribosomal ITS and the plastid matK–psbA region were generated for 81 taxa and analyzed by maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic results show African Trisetopsis in all molecular markers investigated clearly distinct from Helictotrichon, which in its new circumscription encompasses only Northern Hemisphere species. Morphological data support exclusion of the African species from Helictotrichon as a separate genus. The Topo6 sequences reveal a strong geographical pattern of variation which allows for comprehensive phylogeographic analyses. Two copy types of Topo6 are present in Trisetopsis (A and B). They are strongly different from that found in the Eurasian species of Helictotrichon. Copy type A probably descended from South African T. longa or T. rogerellisii, which appear to be the only African species with only type A. All other species of Trisetopsis contain both types A and B. Unexpectedly, type B is widespread in the New World (Calamagrostis, Graphephorum, Peyritschia, Sphenopholis) but, apart from the Trisetopsis allopolyploids, is absent from Africa. Trisetopsis imberbis is introduced as a new combination.
Molecular phylogenetics and generic taxonomy of Blechnaceae ferns
Authors: Perrie Leon R. , Wilson Ruby K. , Shepherd Lara D. , Ohlsen Daniel J. , Batty Erin L. , Brownsey Patrick J. , Bayly Michael J.
Published: August 2014

The fern family Blechnaceae is cosmopolitan; however, the vast majority of species are placed in Blechnum, which occurs predominantly in the Southern Hemisphere. There are two areas that are particularly species–rich: the south–west Pacific (including Australasia), and Central and South America. Using chloroplast DNA sequences, we report the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Blechnaceae, including all genera widely recognised in recent treatments, and over half of the species. There is strong support for several major clades, which we characterise morphologically and geographically, and some of their interrelationships. Blechnum is confirmed as polyphyletic. Blechnum indicum and B. serrulatum are more closely related to Salpichlaena and Stenochlaena, and are segregated as a new genus, Telmatoblechnum. Alternative generic circumscriptions are discussed for the remainder of Blechnum. In the absence of morphological characters to diagnose the clades within core Blechnum, and for the sake of taxonomic stability, we advocate a broad circumscription for Blechnum. Brainea and Sadleria are retained as their relationships are not well resolved, but Doodia and Pteridoblechnum are clearly nested within the core of Blechnum and we provide four new names in Blechnum. Additionally, given the focus of our sampling, we discuss the biogeography of the south–west Pacific, where immigration has been more important in community assembly than what might be superficially inferred from patterns of endemism (with ca. 60% of species endemic to individual land areas).
Bridging the Alps and the Middle East: Evolution, phylogeny and systematics of the genus Wulfenia (Plantaginaceae)
Authors: Surina Boštjan , Pfanzelt Simon , Einzmann Helena J.R. , Albach Dirk C.
Published: August 2014

The genus Wulfenia (Plantaginaceae) demonstrates a striking disjunction between the southeastern Alps (Carnic Alps), the southeastern Dinaric Alps (Prokletije Mountains, Balkan Peninsula) and the Amanos mountains of southern Turkey. This puzzling biogeographic pattern has interested botanists for more than 100 years and Wulfenia has been widely regarded as a Tertiary relict of at least Miocene age in southeastern Europe. Specifically, the identity of populations in the Prokletije Mountains either referred to as disjunct populations of W. carinthiaca or a separate species, “W. blecicii”, has been much debated. Here we analyze AFLP, plastid and nuclear ribosomal sequence data in conjunction with a morphometrical analysis to clarify the taxonomy of the genus and the relationships of the populations to one another. Furthermore, we employ a molecular dating strategy to put these results in a time frame to assess the Miocene relict–hypothesis. Our results provide evidence for a new classification of the genus with four species, W. orientalis, W. glanduligera comb. & stat. nov., W. baldaccii and W. carinthiaca. The split of the last species into populations disjunctly distributed in the southeastern Alps (W. carinthiaca s.str.) and southeastern Dinaric Alps (“W. blecicii”), is not supported either by molecular or morphological data, while we find enough evidence in DNA sequence data, growth site specifics and morphology for W. orientalis var. glanduligera to be treated at the species rank. Our dating analysis suggests that the extant genus is rather young with a crown node age of only about 1.24 Ma and 0.61 Ma for the European populations despite a stem node age of about 10.69 Ma. Thus, Wulfenia as a genus is likely a Miocene relict but its uninterrupted presence on the Balkan Peninsula cannot be demonstrated.
Fungal host utilization helps circumscribe leafless Coralroot orchid species: An integrative analysis of Corallorhiza odontorhiza and C. wisteriana
Authors: Freudenstein John V. , Barrett Craig F.
Published: August 2014

The leafless parasitic habit has arisen numerous times in Orchidaceae and characterizes the small temperate genus Corallorhiza. Because of their reduced morphology, parasitic plants have been some of the most difficult to delimit at the species level and to place phylogenetically and thus are a likely place to find cryptic species. In such cases molecular data and the presence of associated species are particularly helpful for circumscribing such taxa. Two long–recognized North American species are the focus of this study, in which the specificity and relationships of the associated fungi are examined. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of plastid loci rpl32 and trnLF from C. odontorhiza and C. wisteriana and the ITS region from their associated fungi in Thelephoraceae and Russulaceae was undertaken and related to floral morphology, as examined via principal components analysis, and geographic origin of accessions. Corallorhiza wisteriana and C. odontorhiza are distinct based on plastid DNA, although they utilize overlapping sets of fungi. Eastern and western population groups of C. wisteriana are also distinct for plastid DNA and surprisingly utilize different fungal families, Russulaceae and Thelephoraceae, respectively. They are also subtly distinct morphologically. Polymorphism for fungal family utilization was detected in three orchid populations and fungal specificity was shown to be narrower for Russulaceae than for Thelephoraceae. Two cryptic species are distinguished within C. wisteriana based on fungal usage, plastid DNA, morphology and geography. Two host shifts are hypothesized to have occurred within polymorphic populations of C. wisteriana. Fungal specificity is related to trophic strategy and recency of colonization by the orchid.
Phylogenetic structure and clade circumscriptions in the Gardenieae complex (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Mouly Arnaud , Kainulainen Kent , Persson Claes , Davis Aaron P. , Wong Khoon Meng , Razafimandimbison Sylvain G. , Bremer Birgitta
Published: August 2014

In this study we investigate the large and diverse Rubiaceae–Gardenieae and closely related tribes Bertiereae, Coffeeae, Cremasporeae, Octotropideae, and Pavetteae. Some of the tribes or groups have been shown to be monophyletic and strongly supported, but the phylogeny of this large complex is still far from being satisfactorily elucidated particularly for Gardenieae, both in terms of intertribal relationships as well as tribal delimitations. We reconstruct the phylogeny of the complex using an extensive sampling of 108 genera and five plastid DNA regions. Phylogenetic relationships demonstrate that Gardenieae sensu Andreasen & Bremer is polyphyletic, as Burchellia, Didymosalpinx, Monosalpinx, and Mantalania are closer to Octotropideae–Cremasporeae. In addition, Pavetteae and the investigated members of Aulacocalyceae are nested in a supported but partially unresolved Gardenieae–Pavetteae clade. Within this clade, several strongly supported groups are resolved: an Aidia group, an Alibertia group, a Gardenia group, Pavetteae including Pelagodendron, a Porterandia group, a Randia group, a Rothmannia group (including Aulacocalyx and Heinsenia), a Sherbournia group, and the two isolated genera Massularia and Schumanniophyton. The latter genus presented a high rate of genetic substitutions, which resulted in perturbations of the phylogenetic reconstruction. A revised tribal circumscription is given for Gardenieae, the Alibertia group is recognized at tribal level as an emended Cordiereae, and a new tribe, Sherbournieae, is described to accommodate the members of the Sherbournia group.
Typification of the name Johnstonella (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Simpson Michael G. , Hasenstab-Lehman Kristen , Kelley Ronald B.
Published: August 2014

The genus Johnstonella Brand was published in 1925, as a segregate genus of Cryptantha (Boraginaceae). Brand included two species, J. racemosa and J. inaequata, in his treatment. Johnston, in the same year, indicated J. racemosa as the type of Johnstonella. However, Johnston's publication predated Brand's; therefore, Johnston's typification is not effective. Although Johnstonella has generally not been accepted by taxonomists, it has recently been resurrected based on molecular phylogenetic studies. Because of the need for a type for the genus, we designate the type of Johnstonella racemosa as the type of Johnstonella.
Reducing urethral catheterization trauma with urethral gels
Authors: Kyle Gaye
Published: August 2014

Urethral trauma is too often the unwanted consequence of urethral catheterization. Gaye Kyle explains why risk management and preventing infection are priorities in patient care
The National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry: A Sustainable Model for the
Information Age?
Authors: Dutton Richard
Published: August 2014

Anesthesiologists care for patients of all ages, with all conceivable
comorbidities, in every kind of healthcare facility. This leads to a significant
challenge in collection of data to describe the specialty, and in development of
evidence-based performance measures for anesthesiologists. Whereas narrowly defined
medical specialties have developed registries based on manual abstraction of clinical
data from the medical record (e.g. cardiac surgery), this approach would be
prohibitively expensive for anesthesiology, and unlikely to generate statistically
useful data when major adverse outcomes occur a handful of times in tens of thousands of
cases. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) addressed this challenge in 2008
by funding a related organization, the Anesthesia Quality Institute (AQI), to develop
the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry. The technical development of this
registry and the approach taken to define the specialty of anesthesiology and the
performance of anesthesiologists may serve as a model for other specialty society
efforts.
Der Logos des Spiegels
Authors: Schickel Joachim
Published: August 2014

»Spiegel: noch nie hat man wissend beschrieben, was ihr in euerem Wesen seid« (Rilke) - dieser Satz war Joachim Schickel (1924-2002) lebenslanger Antrieb zum Nachdenken. Mit hoher sprachlicher Präzision beschreibt er in »Der Logos des Spiegels« die Vorgänge und Funktionen des Spiegelns und die Verwendung der Spiegel-Struktur in Zeugnissen aus Philosophie, Literatur und Kunst der europäischen, chinesischen und indischen Geistesgeschichte. Aus diesem Reichtum unerschöpflichen Wissens führt er zu Denkmustern unserer Zeit, die dem systematischen Sinn des Spiegel-Verhältnisses verpflichtet sind. So entsteht schließlich am Bild des Spiegels die Möglichkeit, das Verhältnis des Menschen zu sich selbst und zur Welt auszulegen und zu begreifen.
Mythos New Economy
Authors: Stuhr Mathias
Published: August 2014

Die New Economy ist nicht auf die steigenden Aktienkurse und die hysterische Medienöffentlichkeit der Jahre 1999 und 2000 zu reduzieren. Ihre herausragende Bedeutung besteht vielmehr darin, dass sie aktuell Diskurse »bearbeitet«. Als Mythos New Economy erfüllt sie die Funktion, die Attraktivität und Akzeptanz des modernen flexiblen kapitalistischen Systems, das wir »Informationsgesellschaft« nennen, zu erhöhen. Die New Economy war und ist ein explizites Versprechen, besser arbeiten und leben zu können. Mathias Stuhr zeigt, dass »besser« nicht unbedingt leichter oder besser bezahlt meint, aber doch: weniger entfremdet, kreativer, gemeinschaftlicher und flexibler.
Individualisierung als Standard
Authors: Gill Julia
Published: August 2014

Der industrialisierte, anonyme Eigenheimbau verheißt den Käufern durch immer flexiblere Produktionsweisen eine nie da gewesene Individualität - in so unbeachteter wie überwältigender Konkurrenz zum genuin individuell geführten Dialog zwischen Bauherr und Architekt. Doch die unter Vermarktungsdiktat stehende Lebenswelt der suburbanen Wohngebiete zeigt vor allem die Aporie standardisierter Individualität. Julia Gills grundlegende Revision anthropologischer Positionen zum Verhältnis von Individualismus und Kultur macht ihr Buch zu einem unverzichtbaren Beitrag zur aktuellen Debatte um die Chancen einer Überwindung der Zwischenstadt. Mit einem Vorwort von Karin Wilhelm.
Das Wikipedia-Universum
Authors: Pscheida Daniela
Published: August 2014

Das World Wide Web ist zu einem Medium nicht nur der Kommunikation, sondern auch der Information und Wissensaneignung geworden. Kollektiv erstellte Netzinhalte - User Generated Content - werden heute immer selbstverständlicher als Wissensquelle herangezogen. Plattformen wie »Wikipedia« kommen dem wachsenden Bedürfnis nach aktueller, rasch zugänglicher Information offenbar besonders entgegen. Weniger wichtig scheinen hingegen Objektivität und Verlässlichkeit der dort zu findenden Wissensinhalte. Stehen wir am Beginn eines kulturellen Wandels, der den gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit Wissen und Wissensprodukten grundlegend verändern wird? Der Band widmet sich gezielt dieser Frage nach dem wissenskulturreformerischen Potential des Internet und liefert zudem eine allgemeine theoretische Modellierung wissenskultureller Wandlungsprozesse. Ein systematischer Beitrag zur aktuellen Auseinandersetzung um die kulturelle Relevanz dieses neuen Leitmediums.
»Höllenmaschine/Wunschapparat«
Authors: Kretschmann Tabea
Published: August 2014

Seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts, besonders aber seit den 1980er Jahren, wird die mittelalterliche Divina Commedia Dante Alighieris von verschiedenen Künstlern neu bearbeitet und dabei medial, inhaltlich und/oder stilistisch aktualisiert. Vor dem Hintergrund eines umfassenden Korpus von »Nuove Commedie« analysiert Tabea Kretschmann detailliert einzelne Bearbeitungen und untersucht, warum und wie im Einzelfall Dantes fiktive Jenseitsreise in neue Versionen transformiert wird. Die behandelten Werke umfassen u.a. Peter Weiss' gesellschaftskritisches Drama Inferno (1964), die strukturalistische Fernseh-Adaption A TV Dante (1988) von Peter Greenaway und Tom Phillips sowie das Musical La Divina Commedia (2007) des Vatikan-Musikers Marco Frisina.
Jenseits vom »Kampf der Kulturen«
Authors: Husseini de Araújo Shadia
Published: August 2014

Während die Rezeption des »Kampfes der Kulturen« in ›westlichen‹ Medien gut erforscht ist, nimmt dieses Buch eine andere Perspektive ein: Es untersucht die diskursive (Re-)Produktion imaginativer Geographien in den arabischen Printmedien »al-Hayat«, »al-Quds al-Arabi« und »Asharq Alawsat«. Shadia Husseini de Araújo zeigt, dass der »Kampf der Kulturen« hier weder als realistisches Zukunftsszenario auftaucht, noch ähnliche territoriale Identitätskonstruktionen mit umgekehrten Vorzeichen von Gut und Böse (re-)produziert werden. Im Vordergrund steht vielmehr eine scheinbar ausweglose, postkoloniale Gegenwart.
Autorenregie
Authors: Nissen-Rizvani Karin
Published: August 2014

Wie ist es um das Theater im ersten Jahrzehnt des 21. Jahrhunderts bestellt? Welche ästhetischen Positionierungen lassen sich erkennen? Dieser Band widmet sich der Autorenregie als einer künstlerischen Arbeitsweise, die für die Debatte um den zeitgenössischen Dramen- und Inszenierungstext - sowohl in der Forschung als auch in der Theaterpraxis - zentrale Bedeutung hat. Anhand der Werke der Autoren-Regisseurinnen und -Regisseure Sabine Harbeke, Armin Petras/Fritz Kater, Christoph Schlingensief und René Pollesch werden Stilmittel und Produktionsweisen aufgezeigt, die auch auf andere »szenische Texte« zu übertragen sind.
Die andere Natur des Menschen
Authors: Haarmann Anke
Published: August 2014

Es gilt, dem hegemonialen Anspruch der Naturwissenschaften und ihrem Naturbegriff ein anderes Denken entgegenzustellen. Dieses Buch zeigt einen philosophischen Zugang zur Natur des Menschen. Am Beispiel konkreter Phänomene - wie dem der Verdauung, der Anatomie, dem Leben, der Gene oder der Psyche - und anhand systematischer Argumentation auf der Grundlage der Wissenschaftskritik von J.F. Lyotard und M. Foucault entwickelt Anke Haarmann eine Philosophie des »fröhlichen Produktivismus«. Die essayistischen Reflexionen begreifen sich als kritischer und zugleich konstruktiver Beitrag zu einer Pluralisierung vorherrschender biologistischer Wissenstypen und Menschenbilder.
Fraktale Sicherheiten
Authors: Schreiber Verena
Published: August 2014

Quer durch alle gesellschaftlichen Bereiche besitzt das Konzept der Prävention ein hohes Maß an Akzeptanz. Das Bedürfnis nach Sicherheit tritt besonders in der kommunalen Kriminalprävention in Erscheinung und konkretisiert sich dort in Form eines Konglomerats aus diskursiver Wahrheitsproduktion und ortsgebundenen Alltagspraktiken. Im Anschluss an Michel Foucault und Algirdas Julien Greimas regt Verena Schreiber zu einem spekulativen Denken über unser Verhältnis zur Prävention an und spürt jenen Zusammenhängen nach, welche die Kriminalprävention zu einem Freiheitsversprechen werden lassen, das aus keiner Perspektive mehr in Frage steht.
Doing Generation
Authors: Bohnenkamp Björn
Published: August 2014

Generation Golf, Generation Praktikum, 89er-Generation, Generation Ally, Generation Doof - überall ist die Rede von Generationen. Doch was steckt hinter diesen »Zeitmarken«? Björn Bohnenkamp zeigt, dass Generationen kein natürlicher Bestandteil unserer Gesellschaft sind, sondern immer wieder medial hervorgebracht werden. Anhand von aktuellen Beispielen aus Büchern, Zeitschriften und der Netzkultur zeichnet er nach, wie Generationen in Medien entstehen und durch Kommunikation populär ›gemacht‹ werden.
Politik des Essens
Authors: Lemke Harald
Published: August 2014

Nahrungskrisen, Hungerunruhen, ungerechter Welthandel, Lebensmittelskandale, Fastfood und Fettsucht - das Unbehagen in der globalen Esskultur wächst täglich und überall. Und immer mehr Menschen haben diese Verhältnisse offenbar satt. Harald Lemke beleuchtet zentrale Welt- und Selbstbezüge des Essens, die mit zeitgenössischen Fragen des Politischen in Verbindung stehen. Dabei zeigt er: Ob der Welthunger oder die Klimagerechtigkeit, ob der soziale Kampf um Ernährungssouveränität oder das Recht auf Städte aus Gemüsegärten - die Zukunft der Menschheit hängt ganz entscheidend vom gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit der Nahrungsfrage ab.
Das Netzwerk von Bruno Latour
Authors: Wieser Matthias
Published: August 2014

Die Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT) ist durch die Schriften von Bruno Latour der vielleicht umstrittenste und zugleich fruchtbarste Ansatz in den zeitgenössischen Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften. Dieses Buch zeigt, dass die theoretischen Potenziale des Denkens Latours und der ANT weit über die Wissenschafts- und Technikforschung hinaus in der allgemeinen Sozialtheorie liegen. Matthias Wieser rekonstruiert die ANT theoriehistorisch im Rahmen der Wissenschafts- und Technikforschung und zeigt zudem, wie sie sich auch sozialtheoretisch als poststrukturalistische Soziologie verstehen lässt. Darüber hinaus werden weiter reichende Anschlüsse und Bezüge zwischen ANT und Medienforschung, Theorien sozialer Praktiken und Cultural Studies herausgestellt.
Abu Ghraib und die Folgen
Authors: Binder Werner
Published: August 2014

Die Missbrauchsfälle im irakischen Abu-Ghraib-Gefängnis sorgten im Mai 2004 für weltweite Empörung. Diese Studie untersucht den amerikanischen Diskurs zu Abu Ghraib. Sie bietet eine Interpretation der Skandalfotografien und eine umfangreiche Analyse von Presseartikeln und Fernsehtranskripten (2004-2009), die erstmals die Spätfolgen des Skandals für Politik, Recht, Kunst, Populärkultur und den Folterdiskurs aufdeckt. Werner Binder schließt damit nicht nur eine Forschungslücke zu Abu Ghraib, sondern liefert zugleich einen eigenständigen Beitrag zur kultursoziologischen Theoriebildung.
Wahrheit und Nützlichkeit
Authors: Kaldewey David
Published: August 2014

Die moderne Wissenschaft definiert sich einerseits als selbstzweckhaftes Streben nach Wahrheit, andererseits hat sie zugleich den praktischen Nutzen des neuen Wissens im Blick. Die Genese und Bedeutung dieser doppelten Referenz rekonstruiert David Kaldewey mittels historisch-soziologischer Semantikanalysen. Er zeigt, wie die beiden Zielsetzungen in vielfältigen Autonomiediskursen und Praxisdiskursen kondensieren. Die Spannung zwischen diesen Diskursen erweist sich aus einer differenzierungstheoretischen Perspektive als konstitutiv für die Dynamik der modernen Wissenschaft.
Knowledge Utility: From Social Relevance to Knowledge Mobilization
Authors: Naidorf Judith C.
Published: August 2014

In recent years, a more sophisticated vocabulary has emerged in the field of higher education. Categories such as socially relevant research; knowledge mobilization; research impact; innovation; and university priorities have appeared. At first glance, these words may appear neutral, simple and free from conflicts of interest. However, I argue that each of them requires deeper analysis, especially in relation to current scientific and university public policies, as their use has consequences and/or impacts both at the institutional level (higher education institutions) and actor-level (scholars, project managers, etc.). Therefore, by shedding light on the fact that “social relevance” of university is a commonly addressed category in documents regulating university activities, I postulate that such categories indicate a reductionist notion of “relevance” that is used haphazardly as a substitute for the ideas of meaning, mission, and the aims of a university. In order to pinpoint and discuss these new terms and categories that are used as measures of academic knowledge, the paper focuses on public university systems in Argentina and Canada. From a comparative perspective, I aim at grasping a better understanding of the changes in knowledge mobilization.
Entrepreneurial Team Diversity and Performance: Toward an Integrated Model
Authors: Zhou Wencang , Rosini Elizabeth
Published: August 2014

A research need exists to systematically evaluate the status quo of research on the link between entrepreneurial team diversity and performance, identify challenges, and advance the entrepreneurial team research. By analyzing 31 empirical studies on entrepreneurial teams, the current study fulfilled three main purposes. First, we conduct a comprehensive, systematic review of the possible association between entrepreneurial team diversity and performance by summarizing, quantitatively synthesizing, and analyzing the quantitative studies in this area. Second, we further examine these theoretical accounts by evaluating whether diversity impact varies with situational factors. Third, we identify research gaps and propose an integrated model that directs future research.
Perikles und die Definition des Bürgerrechts im klassischen Athen. Neue Vorschläge zu Inhalt, Zeitpunkt, Hintergrund und Auswirkung seines Bürgerrechtsgesetzes
Authors: Coşkun Altay
Published: August 2014

Ein Gesetz des Perikles band das Athener Bürgerrecht an die beidseitige bürgerliche Abstammung ([Aristot.] Ath. pol. 26,3f.; Plut. Perikl. 37,3–5; Ail. var. 6,10; 13,24). Bisherige Versuche, Hintergrund, Zweck und Reichweite des Gesetzes zu erklären, leiden daran, dass sie seinen rückwirkenden Charakter leugnen sowie nicht belegte Ausnahmen aufgrund anachronistischer Erwägungen voraussetzen. Jedoch beweist die für 445/44 v. Chr. bezeugte Ausbürgerung von 4760 Athenern, die zuvor in eine Demenliste eingeschrieben waren, ohne die genannte Bedingung zu erfüllen (Plut. Perikl. 37; Philochoros, FGrH 328 F 119), die uneingeschränkte Gültigkeit des Gesetzes. Überhaupt scheint erst jene Revision der Bürgerlisten einen in demographischer und politischer Hinsicht plausiblen Kontext für die Abfassung des Gesetzes zu bieten. Demgegenüber hätte ein solcher Antrag zum traditionell angesetzten Datum (451/50 v. Chr.), das sich allein auf die aristotelische Athēnaiōn politeia stützt, kaum auf eine Mehrheit in der Volksversammlung hoffen dürfen. Denn die unmittelbaren Verluste während des Ersten Peloponnesischen Krieges waren beträchtlich, und der Bedarf an Bürgersoldaten für die von Perikles und Kimon gemeinsam getragene neue Offensive gegen die Perser blieb hoch. Nach Abschluss des Perserkrieges 449 v. Chr. und des Ersten Peloponnesischen Krieges 446 v. Chr. reduzierten die Athener indes ihre Flotte und starteten zugleich neue Siedlungsprojekte, die auf einen Bürgerüberschuss hindeuten. Der von Plutarch bezeugte unmittelbare Zusammenhang des Bürgerrechtsgesetzes mit der Überprüfung der Demenlisten angesichts einer Getreideschenkung des Königs Psammetich verdient deswegen den Vorrang vor dem Datum der Athēnaiōn politeia.
Von Fischotter und seiner Frau. Besatzungsalltag und NS-Rassenpolitik am Beispiel eines deutsch-polnischen Paares im Generalgouvernement
Authors: Röger Maren
Published: August 2014

Der Aufsatz beschreibt den sozialen Aufstieg eines NS-Täters in Polen und seiner polnisch-kaschubischen Freundin, die noch in der Besatzungszeit – entgegen aller rassenpolitischen Vorgaben, die für SS-Angehörige galten – heirateten. Wie in einem Prisma lässt sich am Beispiel von Alouis Fischotter und seiner Frau Urszula B. die Ideologie sowie die alltägliche Umsetzung der NS-Rassepolitik im besetzten Osten aufzeigen. Zudem erlaubt die breite Materialgrundlage einen biografischen Blick auf beide Partner: Anhand von Fischotter können Einblicke in die Lebenswelten deutscher Polizisten im okkupierten Osten, namentlich Lublin und Memel, gewonnen werden. Bei der „Frau an seiner Seite“ (Gudrun Schwarz) handelte es sich um eine einheimische Frau, die nicht nur fraternisierte, sondern auch politisch kooperierte. Sie gehört damit zu einer bislang wenig erforschten Gruppe.
Delivery-related knowledge of mothers of NICU infants compared with well-baby-nursery infants
Authors: Chhabra Divya , Joymon Jess , Lee Ben H. , Mercado Myra , Hunter Cheryl L. , Viola Deborah , Tahara Denise , Damus Karla , La Gamma Edmund F. , Brumberg Heather L.
Published: August 2014

The objective of this study was to compare the knowledge of mothers of newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and well-baby nursery (WBN) regarding their understanding of term gestation, delivery mode safety, and elective late preterm delivery.

Mothers of newborns admitted to either an NICU (n=88) or a WBN (n=145) were surveyed (March 2008–September 2010).

Of all mothers, regardless of infant location, 7% were unable to define term gestation, 33% were unaware that scheduling delivery at 35–36 weeks is not advisable, and 30% lacked the knowledge that cesareans are not safer than vaginal deliveries. Multivariate regression models show that socioeconomic and demographic factors underlie many knowledge gaps, and surprisingly, models confirmed that the site (NICU versus WBN) of the infant was not a significant factor related to maternal knowledge.

This study revealed gaps in mothers’ understanding of the medical implications of premature delivery even though most mothers knew the correct length of term gestation. Unexpectedly, NICU mothers who had a child with significant illness and who encountered multiple health care providers did not have improved understanding of perinatal risks. We conclude that all women need to be educated on the significance of the mode and the timing of delivery.
Impact of Viscosity on Hydration Kinetics and Setting Properties of Cementitious Materials
Authors: Liard Maxime , Oblak Luka , Hachim Mohammed , Vachon Martin , Lootens Didier
Published: August 2014

The mixing process used for cement, gypsum, mortar, or concrete has a strong effect on the hydration kinetics and setting properties, so that a standard mixing protocol has to be followed, including the mixing time and the addition sequence of the different components. In order to study the effect of the mixing on the hydration kinetics, rheological and calorimetric measurements have been performed on cementitious materials prepared with different mixing designs. The product viscosity was directly measured with an instrumented mixer from the start of the mixing and during the addition of the different constituents to enable an accurate measurement of the mixing energy. The acceleration of the hydration kinetics is associated with (i) the generation of finer particles that act as nuclei for the precipitation of the hydrates and (ii) an increase of the temperature due to the friction between the grains; therefore, a longer and more intense mix tends to accelerate the hydration kinetics. We show in this work that the retardation of the hydration kinetics of cementitious materials, which appears with the addition of plasticizer, is not only chemical but also physical, as a modification of the rheological properties has an additional effect on the setting properties.
Rheological Evaluation of Slump Flow Curves of Self-Consolidating Concrete From Instrumented Spread Table
Authors: Reinhardt Hans W. , Huss Andreas
Published: August 2014

A series of tests has been performed on 18 self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixtures with rounded aggregates (fluvial sand and gravel) and/or crushed aggregates (quartz porphyry and shell limestone) As an addition to concrete, either fly ash or limestone filler was used. The cement was always a Portland composite cement (CEM II/A-LL 32.5 R). The paste volume (including air pore volume) ranged from 348 to 468 dm3/m3. An instrumented spread table was used to record the flow spread and the flow time in certain intervals until a tested SCC mixture was completely spread. From the relationship between slump flow diameter and flow time, which is an exponential function, two parameters were established. The first parameter is equivalent to the slump flow diameter, and the second parameter is a coefficient for the damping of the concrete flow. It was found that the damping coefficient obtained from the instrumented spread table test correlated well with the plastic viscosity measured using a rheometer. The instrumented spread table test is easy to perform and less time consuming when compared to a rheometer test.
Development of a New Method for Testing Cooling Power Using a Silver Probe and a New Reference Quenching Fluid
Authors: Yokota Hideo
Published: August 2014

Cooling curve tests have been the most useful means of testing the cooling power of liquid quenchants such as oils and polymer quenchants. The JIS method for evaluating the cooling power of oils (JIS K 2242) was established in 1965. A cylindrical silver probe was adopted for the JIS method because of the following advantages: measurement results will not be affected by phase transformations or surface oxidation, and the probe has high sensitivity and excellent reproducibility. In the JIS method, 80°C di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP) is used as a reference quenching fluid for initial calibration and for periodic calibration checks of the probe and the overall system. However, it has been pointed out that DOP may be an environmental pollutant. Therefore, the JIS Technical Committee on heat treating fluids looked at new reference quenching fluids that could replace DOP. Through a series of round-robin tests, mineral oil having a flash point within a prescribed range and a viscosity of ISO VG22 was selected as the new reference quenching fluid. This mineral oil is specified as the reference quenching fluid in the revised standard for heat treating fluids, JIS K 2242:2012.
Investigation and Development of Spray Cooling Device for Heat Treatment of Large Steel Forgings
Authors: Maisuradze M. V. , Yudin Yu. V. , Ryzhkov M. A.
Published: August 2014

Methods for determining the main service characteristics of cooling devices (irrigation density, its distribution on the cooling surface, and dependence of the heat-transfer coefficient versus temperature) are described. An investigation of technological and design parameters of spraying jets and their effect on cooling capability of large steel forgings (e.g., hot-rolling mill rolls) are presented. The technological parameters under consideration are water pressure in spraying jets and the number of spraying jets in a cooling device. The varied design parameters of spraying jets are the diameters of the channels in spraying jets, the distance between the jets, and the distance from the cooling surface. The results of the experiments were applied to obtain the dependency between technological and design parameters versus main service characteristics of spraying jets to develop and optimize the technology of heat treatment of large steel forgings. These relations were applied for modeling spray cooling of hot-rolling mill rolls.
Frontal Lobe Lipoma Associated with Cortical Dysplasia and Abnormal Vasculature
Authors: Baskan Ozdil , Geyik Serdar
Published: August 2014

Intracranial lipomas (ICLs) are rare lesions, the vast majority encountered as incidental findings on imaging studies. ICLs are generally pericallosal midline lesions and thought to be asymptomatic and can be accompanied by additional intracranial congenital malformations. We describe a 17-year old male with an unusual case of ICL on the frontal lobe associated with cortical dysplasia and abnormal vasculature mimicking arteriovenous malformation on magnetic resonance images.