bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of graphene oxide/layered double hydroxides hybrids via co-precipitation and their polypropylene composites
Authors: Cang Qiong , Yang Haicun , Li Jinchun
Published: July 2024

A series of hybrid particles consisting of graphene oxide and magnesium–aluminium-layered double hydroxides (GO/Mg–Al-LDHs) were prepared by the co-precipitation method and then modified by allyltrimethoxysilane (ATMS). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Raman spectra and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) micrograph results showed the modified GO/Mg–Al-LDHs were synthesised with a smaller particle size and better dispersion. The polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared via the reactive extrusion method, and the effects of GO content in hybrids on the mechanical properties, processability, thermal stability, flame retardation, melting and crystallisation behaviour of composites were investigated in detail. The comprehensive properties of composites containing GO/Mg–Al-LDHs were excellent compared to those of Mg–Al-LDHs under the same filler concentration. Compared with pure PP, 20 wt-% of GO/Mg–Al-LDHs-2.5 increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of composites from 16.4% to 28.8% with a V-0 level of U-94 testing and decreased the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) values from 1206.4 kW/m2 and 133.9 MJ/m2 to 146.9 kW/m2 and 69.6 MJ/m2. Meanwhile, the tensile, impact strength and elongation at break were 36.2 MPa, 3.0 kJ/m2 and 68.6%, respectively. This work provided an effective strategy for enhancing the dispersion and comprehensive properties of GO/LDHs-based composites.
Process parameter optimisation and characterisation of fused deposition modelling-polylactic acid (FDM-PLA) parts
Authors: Chowdhury Sagnik , Mandal Abhishek , Banik Abhijit
Published: July 2024

Fused deposition modelling stands as a prominent method within the realm of three-dimensional printing for crafting sturdy parts. This process builds solid components through the successive deposition of molten polymer layers extruded from a nozzle. This paper investigates the effect of process parameters such as infill angle and orientation angle on surface roughness and tensile strength. The full factorial design of experiment has been considered for experimentation. Studies show that the orientation angle should be kept as low as possible for a better surface finish, whereas the infill angle has a less significant effect on surface roughness (within the experimental domain). It has also been noted that to get a better tensile strength one has to print the sample with a low infill angle and with a low orientation angle.
Implementing Montessori approaches after training: A mixed methods study to examine staff understanding and movement toward action
Authors: Kennedy Katherine A , Snow A Lynn , Mills Whitney L , Haigh Sylvia , Mochel Amy , Curyto Kimberly , Bishop Teddy , Hartmann Christine W , Camp Cameron J , Hilgeman Michelle M
Published: July 2024

Background: This paper uses Normalization Process Theory (NPT) to examine staff impressions of Montessori-based program training and implementation at Veterans Affairs Community Living Centers (VA CLCs; nursing homes). Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of Montessori Approaches to Person-Centered Care (MAP-VA) at eight VA CLCs. Trainings were conducted as either a live virtual course or a pre-recorded asynchronous class. Two NPT constructs, coherence building and cognitive participation, informed qualitative interview questions, surveys, and analyses focused on staff movement from knowledge to action during initial implementation. Data collection included staff-completed standardized post-training exams ( N = 906), post-training evaluations ( N = 761), and optional validated surveys on perceptions of Montessori training ( N = 307). Champions (peer-leaders) from each CLC completed semi-structured qualitative interviews post-training ( N = 22). Findings: The majority of staff (83%–90%) passed all courses. Staff evaluated the training highly (80%+ agreement) on learning relevant new knowledge and confidence applying new skills. On average, staff felt MAP-VA would become a normal part of their work (7.68/10 scale), and reported increased familiarity with Montessori approaches after training ( p = .002). Qualitative interview data from staff trained in Montessori supported three themes concordant with the NPT dimensions of coherence building and cognitive participation. (1) Coherence regarding Montessori: staff demonstrated an understanding of the program and mentioned the benefits of Montessori compared to their previous usual routines. Cognitive participation or engagement with Montessori: (2) staff had positive feelings about Montessori principles/applications and demonstrated a willingness to try the Montessori approach, and (3) staff made sense of the new intervention through early rehearsal of Montessori principles/practices and recognized opportunities for using Montessori in future interactions. Conclusions: Montessori virtual training resulted in high levels of coherence and cognitive participation among multidisciplinary staff, evidenced by high knowledge, self-efficacy, and readiness to act. The asynchronous and synchronous trainings were accessible, relevant, and supported diverse learners.
Nontransitive Patterns in Long-Term Football Rivalries
Authors: van Ours Jan C.
Published: July 2024

The phenomenon of nontransitivity in outcomes, typically observed in noneffort games with predetermined probabilities and immediate clarity, extends to team-based, time-consuming games requiring effort that unfold over a long period of time. This study explores this aspect through an empirical analysis of professional football matches in the Netherlands involving three prominent teams: Feyenoord, Ajax, and PSV. Contrary to conventional expectations, the results reveal a nontransitive pattern over more than three decades, indicating that Feyenoord is more likely to triumph over PSV, PSV over Ajax, and Ajax over Feyenoord than the reverse scenarios.
Long-term Outcome After Helical Tomotherapy Following Breast Conserving Surgery for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Hauswald Henrik , Schempp Michael , Liebig Pauline , Hoefel Sebastian , Debus Jürgen , Huber Peter E. , Zwicker Felix
Published: July 2024

Background: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the outcomes and adverse events (AEs) associated with adjuvant radiotherapy with helical tomotherapy (hT) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Methods: Twenty-eight patients with DCIS underwent postoperative hT between 2011 and 2020. hT was chosen since it provided optimal target coverage and tolerable organ-at-risk doses to the lungs and heart when tangential 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) was presumed to provide unfavorable dosimetry. The median total (single) dose was 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy). The median time between BCS and the start of hT was 5 weeks (range, 4-38 weeks). Statistical analysis included local recurrence-free survival, overall survival (OS), and secondary cancer-free survival. AEs were classified according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5. Results: The patients’ median age was 58 years. The median follow-up period was 61 months (range, 3-123 months). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 100% each. None of the patients developed secondary cancer, local recurrence, or invasive breast cancer during follow-up. The most common acute AEs were dermatitis (n = 27), fatigue (n = 4), hyperpigmentation (n = 3), and thrombocytopenia (n = 4). The late AE primarily included surgical scars (n = 7) and hyperpigmentation (n = 5). None of the patients experienced acute or late AEs > grade 3. The mean conformity and homogeneity indices were 0.9 (range, 0.86-0.96) and 0.056 (range, 0.05-0.06), respectively. Conclusion: hT after BCS for DCIS is a feasible and safe form of adjuvant radiotherapy for patients in whom 3D-CRT is contraindicated due to unfavorable dosimetry. During follow-up, there were no recurrences, invasive breast cancer diagnoses, or secondary cancers, while the adverse effects were mild.
Perspective Transformation of Cultural Awareness: A Qualitative Study on Research Students’ Experiences of International Cross-Institutional Webinars
Authors: Carlson Elisabeth , Chan Engle Angela , Kumlien Christine , Leung Doris Y , Bish Melanie
Published: July 2024

Twenty-first century transformations have taken place within the framework of globalisation of the economy, the spread of information technology and global migration resulting in increased cultural diversity in many societies. This qualitative study investigated perspective transformation in 18 research students, from Australia, Hong Kong SAR, and Sweden, participating in an international online course by using Mezirow’s theory of perspective transformation and Kiely’s six forms of transformative change (intellectual, moral, political, cultural, personal, and spiritual). The approach to learning facilitated global networking and a commitment to support growth in the students’ research practice. Validating the link between research students’ learning experiences and perspective transformation theory encourages educators to develop future online educational materials to promote cognitive flexibility and reflexivity and increase students’ cultural awareness to inform their research practices.
Barriers and Enablers to Maintaining Behaviour Changes Following a Lifestyle Intervention for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Healy Genevieve N. , Goode Ana D. , Campbell Lucy , Sikder Amit , Giguere Denis , Gomersall Sjaan R.
Published: July 2024

Aim

To explore short-term barriers and enablers to maintaining behaviour changes in adults with type 2 diabetes who had completed a lifestyle behaviour change program.

Methods

Focus groups with 44 participants identified barriers and enablers at the end-of-program (n = 8 groups: anticipated); and, 1-month post-program (n = 6 groups: experienced). Thematic inductive analysis was undertaken independently by two authors, discussed, then deductively grouped according to the Capability (physical, psychological), Opportunity (physical, social), Motivation (automatic, reflective) – Behaviour (COM-B) model.

Results

Nine barriers were identified: two anticipated, one experienced, and six common to both timepoints. Key barriers related to physical capability (health ability), physical opportunity (difficulty accessing and using resources), social opportunity (unwillingness to invest in social networks), and reflective motivation (lack of internal drive). Eleven enablers were identified: all across both timepoints. Key enablers related to psychological capability (knowledge), physical opportunity (access and use of program resources), social opportunity (sense of belonging and safety within the program), automatic motivation (beliefs and awareness around perceived risk; monitoring of progress), and reflective motivation (committed to change).

Discussion

Findings suggest diabetes management programs should enable ongoing access to their resources. Investing in mechanisms to scaffold program graduates into suitable community-based activities may also be beneficial.
Basilar Artery Perforator Aneurysms – The Phantom Menace of the Intracranial Universe
Authors: Klail Tomas , Pilgram-Pastor Sara , Serrallach Bettina , Noti Luca , Raabe Max , Bervini David , Goldberg Johannes , Kaesmacher Johannes , Piechowiak Eike I , Z’Graggen Werner , Gralla Jan , Dobrocky Tomas
Published: July 2024

Cerebral perforators are end-arteries that vascularize specific deep territories in the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem. Due to improved imaging quality, these aneurysms are increasingly diagnosed in clinical routine. High resolution 3D angiographic images are mandatory and in some occasions fusion images might be helpful to detect these aneurysms. Basilar artery perforator aneurysms (or BAPAs) are one of the most common subtypes of perforator aneurysms and might cause subarachnoid hemorrhage along the brainstem (perimesencephalic hemorrhage). Due to the limited evidence, the management of BAPAs may pose a challenge in clinical routine. While some aneurysms can be managed conservatively, a few might require treatment to prevent rebleeding. We present the cases of two patients with BAPAs managed at our center in order to increase the awareness on these potentially underdiagnosed aneurysms.
Principals’ sense-making and sense-giving of their professional role tensions: School leaders’ professionalism and creative mediation strategies during Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Ganon-Shilon Sherry , Becher Ayelet
Published: July 2024

School principals are located at the interface between competing demands by a wide spectrum of stakeholders leading to tensions and ambiguities in their role. Understanding principals’ role tensions within organizational and occupational professionalism during Covid-19 crisis is of considerable importance for improving the capacity of school leadership. This qualitative study examines Israeli principals’ considerations and creative mediation strategies while facing competing accountabilities via the theoretical framework of sense-making and sense-giving in times of crisis. Using a collective case study design, data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 16 elementary and high school principals and policy documents, and analyzed thematically via ATLAS.ti software. The analysis surfaced three strategies and two considerations: (1) school leaders’ sense-making processes yielding protective mediation strategies based on retaining moral discretion; and (2) school leaders’ sense-giving processes transferring collaborative and contrived mediation strategies based on establishing the school's moral-professional cultural orientation. The contribution of this study to the research literature suggests contrived mediation as an innovative school leaders’ strategy. We provide practical implications within training and professional development programs for school leaders advocating principalship mentoring valuing uniqueness to experienced and novice principals.
A safe space and leadership matter for innovation: Exploring the role of psychological safety in the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation radicalness in Kyrgyz classrooms
Authors: Bellibaş Mehmet Şükrü , Ryskulueva Farida , Levin Julia , Pietsch Marcus
Published: July 2024

The present research examines the relationship between school transformational leadership and innovation radicalness in classrooms with the moderating and mediating role of psychological safety, to provide an understanding of whether and to what extent the influence of leadership on innovation radicalness in teaching might be strengthened or weakened across various levels of psychological safety. Utilizing a dataset that included 5052 teachers working in 147 schools across Kyrgyzstan, we conducted multilevel analyses to test the proposed hypotheses. We found a positive association of transformational leadership with psychological safety and innovation radicalness in classrooms at the teacher level. Moreover, transformational leadership was more strongly related to radical innovation in schools with greater psychological safety among teachers both at the teacher and school levels. We conclude that school principals should prioritize the emotional state of teachers characterized by psychological safety by acting as transformational leaders, thereby enhancing the impact of their practices on the realization of higher innovation radicalness in the pedagogical practices of teachers.
Sample allocation method for maintainability test based on extended FMECA information
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Xu Da , Wang Zhaoyang
Published: July 2024

To ensure the accuracy of military equipment maintainability verification results, a sample allocation method for maintainability test based on extended failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) information is proposed to address the problem that the influence factors are relatively one-sided and the weighting is subjective in the current test sample allocation method. The influence factors are analyzed and determined from three aspects: the fault occurrence characteristics, fault impact, and test economy. A method for calculating the fault propagation intensity based on the improved LeaderRank is proposed, which is introduced into the FMECA for expansion. It is proposed to use the CRITIC method to determine the objective weights of the influence factors, determine the subjective weights based on the relative importance of the influence factors, introduce game equilibrium to weigh and determine the combination weights, and then complete the sample allocation. Finally, an example showed that the influence factors determined by this method are more comprehensive, the weight results are more scientific, and the sample structure is more reasonable.
Novel condition-based opportunistic maintenance policy for series systems with dependent competing failure processes
Authors: Huang Meiqi , Qi Faqun , Wang Lin
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates a novel condition-based opportunistic maintenance model for a two-component series system. The system comprises two non-identical components, that is, Component 1 and Component 2, suffering from shocks with different intensities. The two components are subject to dependent competing failure processes, that is, soft and hard failures. The component fails whichever type of failure process occurs. At each inspection, the replacement decision for components is made according to the condition of both components. In addition, when Component 1 is preventively replaced and Component 2 reaches the opportunistic maintenance threshold, opportunistic maintenance (OM) is implemented on Component 2. The optimal inspection interval, preventive replacement (PR) threshold, and OM threshold are derived by minimizing the long-run expected maintenance cost rate. Finally, the superiority of the proposed maintenance model is verified by an illustrative example.
Defining the tipping point for revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Buchanan Timothy R , Hao Kevin A , Cueto Robert J , Bindi Victoria E , O’Keefe Daniel S , Hones Keegan M , Krisanda Emily K , Wright Jonathan O , Wright Thomas W , Farmer Kevin W , Struk Aimee M , Schoch Bradley S , King Joseph J
Published: July 2024

Background

This study sought to characterize the tipping point values (the functional scores that patients deem dysfunctional enough to warrant surgery) for patients undergoing first revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA).

Methods

This study was a retrospective review of a prospectively collected single-institution database of patients undergoing first revision rTSA between August 2015 and December 2019. Tipping point evaluation utilized preoperative scores including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), raw and normalized Constant, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) scores, and active range of motion including abduction, forward elevation (FE), external rotation (ER), and internal rotation score (IR) prior to elective revision rTSA.

Results

We included 125 revision rTSAs. Tipping points were 37.6 ASES score, 30.5 raw Constant score, 35.5 normalized Constant score, 68.1 SPADI, 3.7 SST, 13.2 UCLA score, 64° abduction, 69° FE, 23° ER, and 3.1 IR. Higher SST was found for older patients and patients with a lower body mass index. Lower abduction and FE tipping points were reported in patients undergoing revision rTSA for rotator cuff failure, unexplained pain, and implant wear.

Discussion

These tipping points can help surgeons counsel patients regarding when to undergo revision rTSA.

Level of evidence

Level III; retrospective cohort study; treatment study.
A unique tribological inverted bearing solution for reverse shoulder arthroplasty: Vitamin E and ceramic (unique inverse pairings in rTSR)
Authors: Krishnan Munish R , Rajaratnam Joshua D , Peiris Dylan , Gupta Manish , Wigmore Estelle , Heinrichs Christian
Published: July 2024

Background

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has gained popularity for various shoulder conditions and has evolved over time to accommodate for material changes and design philosophy including inverse materials. The tribological behaviour of shoulder arthroplasty has been extensively studied in relation to biological osteolysis which is a notable concern regarding component loosening.

Methods

This study aims to assess the wear performance of a vitamin E-stabilised glenosphere or conventional ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene glenosphere whilst paired with ceramic or cobalt–chrome–molybdenum inlay in a shoulder joint wear simulator. A cumulative total of five million cycles was utilised with gravimetric and visual analysis of wear.

Results

Gravimetric wear was observed to be the lowest when a vitamin E-stabilised glenosphere was paired with a ceramic inlay – demonstrating the greatest wear resistance.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that the combination of vitamin E-stabilised polyethylene glenosphere and ceramic inlay has improved wear resistance properties in load simulations when compared to other bearing surface combinations. This supports the use of the novel inverse combination in clinical practice to attain longer-term survivorship in reverse total shoulder replacements.

Level of evidence

Basic Science Study; Tribology
Business and Politics in Urban Indonesia: Patrimonialism, Oligarchy and the State in Two Towns
Authors: Haryanto  , Mahsun Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Studies of the Indonesian political economy suggest a transformation of government-business relationship from a “patrimonial administrative” state, in which bureaucrats are dominant, to a “patrimonial oligarchic” state dominated by business actors. We examine this proposition by analysing government-business relationship in two towns: a town in Sulawesi, dominated by trade, and a town with a strong industrial base in Java. In the first, politics still approximates that of a patrimonial administrative state with a weak business sector and a dominant bureaucracy. In the second, a local business dynasty has come to power, but without promoting regularisation of state-business relationship. Despite the differences, patronage politics are similarly dominant in both locations, which we illustrate by zeroing in on the construction sector and the distribution of infrastructure projects. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the nature of urban politics in Indonesia, underscoring the significance of patronage across a range of settings.
Social capital and performance of public councils in Kazakhstan
Authors: Makulbayeva Gulnur , Sharipova Dina
Published: July 2024

This study applies Putnam’s social capital thesis to an examination of the impact of social capital (social trust, formal networks and norms) on public councils’ performance in Kazakhstan. As public councils aim to express citizens’ opinions on socially significant problems, this inquiry measures their performance by examining their impact on social issues in various policy domains. Drawing on data collected from four regions of Kazakhstan, we found that social trust and cooperation norms have a positive impact on public councils’ effectiveness, while formal networking has no influence. The limited significance of formal networking in the local context is explained by the state-led nature of civil society. This article contributes to the literature on social capital and government performance in authoritarian states.
Fatty Acid Esters and Acyclic Monoterpenoid from Justicia insularis Leaf Fractions Attenuated Malaria Pathogenesis Through Docking with Plasmodium falciparum Serine Hydroxymethyl Transferase and Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 Proteins
Authors: Enyiekere Veronica James , Asanga Edet Effiong , Okokon Jude Efiom , Ekeleme Chinedum Martins , Anagboso Martin Osita , Uduak Ise Peter
Published: July 2024

Background

Justicia insularis (Acanthaceae) T. Anderson is ethnopharmacologically used in Nigeria for the treatment of diseases including malaria. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate in vivo antiplasmodial effect of J. insularis leaf in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, characterize its constituents, and carryout in silico studies of its compounds.

Methods

Standard protocols were followed in the processing of the plant leaves, extraction, fractionation, isolation, and characterization, evaluation of in vivo antiplasmodial assay, retrieval of Plasmodium falciparum serine hydroxymethyl transferase (PfSHMT) and Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP-1) proteins, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and docking studies. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to isolate and characterize the compounds; SWISSADME and ADMET lab 2 enhanced the evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties, PyRx for docking analysis; Biovia discovery studio for 2D visualization, and PyMol software for 3D visualization of the ligand-protein interactions.

Results

The dichloromethane (61.59%) and ethyl acetate (73.15%) fractions had the best therapeutic indices and compared favorably with chloroquine (81.58%) in the curative antiplasmodial assay. The GC-MS analysis revealed 20 already reported antiplasmodial compounds with hexanoic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester, octadecanoic acid docosyl ester, and trans-β-ocimene as the lead compounds based on their binding affinities, permeation of the blood-brain-barrier, non-inhibition of metabolizing enzymes, ease of excretion, non-carcinogenicity, as well as non-violation of Lipinski's criteria.

Conclusion

Octadecanoic acid docosyl ester and hexanoic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester bonded the tetrahydrofolate-binding sites of PfSHMT, caused inhibition of DNA synthesis, and apoptosis, whereas trans-β-ocimene inhibited PfEMP-1, reversed the attachment of parasitized red blood cells to micro-vascular endothelium as their mechanism of action for parasitemia clearance. Moreover, these lead compounds reported for the first time in the dichloromethane and EtoAc fractions of this plant are responsible for the remarkable antiplasmodial activity observed in this study.
Production of nanocomposite films based on low density polyethylene/surface activated nanoperlite for modified atmosphere packaging applications
Authors: Sahraeian Razi , Paran Seyed Mohamad Reza , Esfandeh Masoud , Naderi Ghasem
Published: July 2024

The modified atmosphere packaging films based on polyethylene nanocomposites reinforced with perlite nanoparticles were prepared using a blow molding machine. The perlite particles were first reduced to nano dimensions using an abrasive mill, then the porosity of nanoperlite was increased to improve their efficiency in absorbing ethylene gas. For this purpose, 6 normal sodium hydroxide solution at 50°C temperature was used. Finally, perlite nanoparticles were modified by polymethyl hydrogen siloxane silane compound. In each of the stages of grinding and modifying the perlite surface, the necessary tests including dynamic light diffraction test, nitrogen absorption test and ethylene gas absorption test were performed using gas chromatography method. The results showed that the size of perlite particles was reduced to 500 nm by using an abrasive mill, and the surface modification process increased the specific surface area of perlite by 10 times. Based on this, the amount of ethylene gas absorption in perlite nanoparticles with modified surface increased up to 3 times compared to normal perlite. The results of the gas chromatography test showed that the nanocomposite film based on polyethylene reinforced with 6% by weight of modified perlite nanoparticles has several times the efficiency in absorbing ethylene gas compared to the potassium permanganate sachets The results of the mechanical properties tests of nanocomposite film in comparison with pure polyethylene film showed that nanocomposite film has higher properties than pure polyethylene. The results of shelf-life tests of green tomatoes packed in nanocomposite film based on polyethylene reinforced with modified nanoperlite showed that green tomatoes can be stored for two months using the prepared modified atmosphere packaging.
Tactile temporal predictions: The influence of conditional probability
Authors: Ren Rongxia , An Weichao , Yu Yinghua , Tang Xiaoyu , Ejima Yoshimichi , Wu Jinglong , Yang Jiajia
Published: July 2024

Predicting the timing of incoming information allows brain to optimize information processing in dynamic environments. However, the effects of temporal predictions on tactile perception are not well established. In this study, two experiments were conducted to determine how temporal predictions interact with conditional probabilities in tactile perceptual processing. In Experiment 1, we explored the range of the interval between preceding ready cues and imperative targets in which temporal prediction effects can be observed. This prediction effect was observed for intervals of 500 and 1,000 ms. In Experiment 2, we investigated the benefits of temporal predictions on tactile perception while manipulating the conditional probability (setting the stimulus onset earlier or later than the predicted moment in short and long intervals). Our results revealed that this effect became stronger as the probability of the stimulus at the predicted time point increased under short-interval conditions. Together, our results show that the difficulty of transferring processing resources increases in temporally dynamic environments, suggesting a greater subjective cost associated with maladaptive responses to temporally uncertain events.
Three siblings with self-limited familial infantile epilepsy with PRRT2 mutation: A case series
Authors: Iwanami Naoto , Nagaki Shigeru , Gen Aki , Azuma Daisuke , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Matsunaga Tamotsu
Published: July 2024

We report three sisters with self-limited familial infantile epilepsy, caused by a mutation in proline-rich transmembrane protein2. Self-limited familial infantile epilepsy has been established as a distinct epileptic syndrome characterized by focal seizures in clusters of infantile-onset. The seizure types of our cases were focal with or without secondary generalization. The seizures manifested at 3–5 months of age, and each lasted 1–2 min. All three sisters fulfilled the criteria for self-limited familial infantile epilepsy, except in one case who showed interictal spikes in the right central area. The seizures were controlled with carbamazepine. When carbamazepine treatment was started, one case developed a rash, and her treatment was switched to valproic acid. However, the seizures persisted in this case such that carbamazepine was restarted. The rash did not recur. Electroencephalography showed spikes in only one case on interictal electroencephalography. All three sisters were developmentally normal, and no dyskinesia was observed during follow-up. All three sisters and their father, but not their mother, had the following pathogenic variant in proline-rich transmembrane protein2: NM_001256442.2(PRRT2): c.649dup[p.(Arg217Profs*8)]. This mutation has been identified in the majority of families with self-limited familial infantile epilepsy, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, and/or infantile convulsion and choreoathetosis. Their father had no history of either self-limited familial infantile epilepsy or paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. The lack of a clear genotype–phenotype correlation was demonstrated in our cases with this proline-rich transmembrane protein2 mutation.
Effectiveness of self-reported management program of cancer patients
Authors: Sin Cheolkyung , Lee Dong Yeop , Kim Hyeyeong , Im Hyeon-Su , Koh Su-Jin , Kang Dong Yoon
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the effect of Smart Cancer Care program on the quality of life and ease of chemotherapy continuation in cancer patients and the effect of additional tele-management on frequency of use and satisfaction with the Smart Cancer Care program.

Methods

‘Smart Cancer Care’ is a mobile program that allows cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy to report symptoms of adverse events and receive remote management. In this study, patients were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A, who received only classical face-to-face management; Group B, who used the Smart Cancer Care program as addition; and Group C, who used the Smart Cancer Care program and received telephone management. After 12 weeks of follow-up, the effectiveness of using the Smart Cancer Care program was analyzed by examining the quality of life, ease of maintaining chemotherapy, and unplanned hospital visits in each group. The frequency of use and satisfaction with the Smart Cancer Care program were also analyzed.

Results

Cancer patients who used the Smart Cancer Care program had 1.93-fold (1.15–3.25) higher overall quality of life than those who did not. This became 2.33-fold (1.34–4.04) higher when phone care was added. Patients with tele-management were significantly more likely to use the Smart Cancer Care program (odds ratio (OR) = 25.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 11.28–58.97).

Conclusions

A mobile self-reported management program has a positive effect on the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Tele-management is conducive to active and effective use of this program.
Stakeholder perspectives on ethical and trustworthy voice AI in health care
Authors: Bélisle-Pipon Jean-Christophe , Powell Maria , English Renee , Malo Marie-Françoise , Ravitsky Vardit ,   Bridge2AI–Voice Consortium, Bensoussan Yael
Published: July 2024

Objective

Voice as a health biomarker using artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining momentum in research. The noninvasiveness of voice data collection through accessible technology (such as smartphones, telehealth, and ambient recordings) or within clinical contexts means voice AI may help address health disparities and promote the inclusion of marginalized communities. However, the development of AI-ready voice datasets free from bias and discrimination is a complex task. The objective of this study is to better understand the perspectives of engaged and interested stakeholders regarding ethical and trustworthy voice AI, to inform both further ethical inquiry and technology innovation.

Methods

A questionnaire was administered to voice AI experts, clinicians, scholars, patients, trainees, and policy-makers who participated at the 2023 Voice AI Symposium organized by the Bridge2AI-Voice AI Consortium. The survey used a mix of Likert scale, ranking and open-ended questions. A total of 27 stakeholders participated in the study.

Results

The main results of the study are the identification of priorities in terms of ethical issues, an initial definition of ethically sourced data for voice AI, insights into the use of synthetic voice data, and proposals for acting on the trustworthiness of voice AI. The study shows a diversity of perspectives and adds nuance to the planning and development of ethical and trustworthy voice AI.

Conclusions

This study represents the first stakeholder survey related to voice as a biomarker of health published to date. This study sheds light on the critical importance of ethics and trustworthiness in the development of voice AI technologies for health applications.
Construction and evaluation of acquired weakness nomogram model in patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit
Authors: Lu Chen , Wenjuan Jiang
Published: July 2024

Objective

The incidence of intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICU-AW) has shown an increasing trend with still a lack of effective treatment options. The early assessment of the risk of developing ICU-AW can provide patients with targeted interventions. This study aimed to determine the independent risk factors of ICU-AW in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) and develop a nomogram and verify its predictive efficacy.

Methods

This observational study included patients receiving MV therapy in the ICU of our hospital between January 2020 and January 2023. They were divided into the ICU-AW and non-ICU-AW groups. The training cohort (n = 264) and the validation cohort (n = 143) were constructed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to select the risk factors, and a nomogram model was established. Calibration, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and decision curves were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model.

Results

The MV duration (OR = 1.24, 95%CI[1.11, 1.38]), APACHE II score (OR = 1.34, 95%CI[1.20, 1.50]), SOFA score (OR = 1.36, 95%CI[1.21, 1.53]), age (OR = 1.05, 95%CI[1.00, 1.10]), nerve blockers (OR = 3.26, 95%CI[1.34, 7.92]), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.12, 95%CI[1.10, 8.87]) were independent risk factors for ICU-AW. The nomogram had good predictive efficacy for both the training (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.950, 95%CI [0.93, 0.97]) and validation cohorts (AUC = 0.823, 95%CI [0.75, 0.89]).

Conclusion

The MV duration, APACHE II, SOFA, age, use of nerve blockers, and diabetes mellitus are independent risk factors for ICU-AW. The nomogram model based on them had good predictive efficacy and may be clinically useful.
The Pedagogy of Place in China's Migrant Community
Authors: Yu (余旻) Min
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This article examines the curriculum and pedagogy of place for migrant children in China and advocates the recognition of migrant families’ and communities’ knowledge as necessary, relevant, and impactful curriculum.

Design/Approach/Methods

This article is based on a longitudinal qualitative study conducted in various migrant settlements in Beijing. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with migrant parents, teachers, and community activists and participant observations in schools, community meetings, and other gatherings in the communities. Data were coded on themes related to place-based connection, attachment, and belonging and then analyzed.

Findings

Findings demonstrate that pedagogical practices can be developed to re-center the knowledge and experiences of Chinese migrant communities. This pedagogical work recognizes and reflects the undervalued and unrecognized knowledge of migrant communities while investigating the meaning of “place” for migrant children.

Originality/Value

This is the first study putting special emphasis on the discussion of what “place” means for migrants and what knowledge is worthwhile for their children in China. A key contribution of this article is that it documents the challenges and benefits of creating a place-based curriculum and pedagogy for migrant children as they construct a sense of belonging.
Higher Education, Digital Economy, and Common Prosperity
Authors: Zhang (张玉鹏) Yupeng , Wang (王茜) Qian
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study examines the influence of higher education and the digital economy on common prosperity at the provincial, urban, and rural levels, as well as how the digital economy mediates the effect of higher education on common prosperity.

Design/Approach/Methods

Based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020, this study constructs a novel index to measure the common prosperity index at the provincial, urban, and rural levels that comprise the dimensions of “development” and “sharing.” The panel data method is used to accomplish the empirical studies.

Findings

First, increasing the proportion of higher education had a significant positive impact on common prosperity at the provincial, urban, and rural levels. Second, the development of the digital economy had a significant impact on common prosperity at the rural level only. Third, developing the digital economy strengthened the positive role of higher education in promoting common prosperity at the provincial and urban levels.

Originality/Value

The results indicate that expanding the scale of higher education and deepening the development of the digital economy are effective means of promoting common prosperity. Government can exert the positive moderating role of the digital economy in the beneficial effect of higher education on common prosperity.
Differentiated Instruction in Chinese Primary and Secondary Schools: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bi (毕美杰) Meijie , Struyven Katrien , Zhu (朱畅) Chang
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study explores the current status of differentiated instruction (DI) in Chinese mainland primary and secondary schools.

Design/Approach/Methods

This study comprises a systematic review of the Chinese literature. Forty-five articles, published between 2000 and 2022, were reviewed and the results are presented as a thematic overview.

Findings

Chinese characteristics have contributed to the distinctive development of Chinese DI. Chinese researchers have defined DI as both a teaching concept and a practice. Chinese scholars have suggested strategies for teachers to use, including flexible grouping, tiered instruction, and multiple forms of evaluation, along with the use of non-graded classes and artificial intelligence. This study identifies barriers to teachers’ adoption of DI including large class size and China's examination-oriented culture. However, Confucian belief was effectively a forerunner of DI.

Originality/Value

This study offers insights and practical suggestions for those seeking to promote DI in Chinese mainland; for example, class sizes should be reduced, and teachers should receive relevant professional training. This study identifies a pressing need for empirical research of DI implementation in schools in Chinese mainland.
Optimal Dosage and Session Structure of Mindfulness-Based Programming for Youth Across Developmental Periods: Delphi Approach Outcomes
Authors: Felver Joshua C. , Helminen Emily C. , Schutt Mary Katherine A. , Cary Emily L. , Schussler Deborah L. , Baelen Rebecca N. , Gould Laura F. , Roeser Robert W.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Research of mindfulness-based programming/interventions (MBP) for youth has proliferated in recent years; however, heterogeneity of MBP for youth impede determination of optimal programmatic structure across developmental periods.

Design/Approach/Methods

Expert MBP scientists and instructors were iteratively surveyed using the Delphi method to assess optimal MBP session structure across developmental periods.

Findings

Survey Round 1 defined the participants’ perspective of ideal structure across early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. In Survey Rounds 2 and 3, participants considered the preceding Round's results (means and SDs) and indicated what they believed was the ideal structure of a single MBP class. Final results following the Round 3 survey indicated that MBP session period should be progressively longer relative to the developmental time period (early childhood mean = 20.0 min; middle childhood mean = 34.5 min; adolescence mean = 50.0 min); that roughly half of a youth MBP session should be dedicated to mindfulness practice; and that progressively more time should be allocated to didactic instruction and discussion, relative to mindfulness practice, as youth become older.

Originality/Value

These findings are the first to report expert feedback on the ideal structure of a youth MBP session, and results have significant implications for future youth MBP evaluation, implementation, and curriculum development.
(Re)Searching Critical Thinking in a Hong Kong Classroom: A Postfoundational Reflection on Ignorant Modernity
Authors: Zhao (赵伟黎) Weili
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This article takes a postfoundational lens to reflect upon my ethnographic (re)searching experience in a Hong Kong high school biology classroom to expose ignorant theoretical–methodological assumptions of researchers and teachers on critical thinking for new realizations.

Design/Approach/Methods

Using an encountered embodied thinking moment as a trigger, this article examines the texts/discourses collected from teachers/teaching and students/learning to unpack underlying philosophical–theoretical–methodological traps and ignorance.

Findings

The analysis exposes three ignorant assumptions. First is a mind–body dualism that has historically disembodied thinking as an abstract and invisible mind/cognitive activity. Second is a knowledge–skill/thinking divide that upgrades critical thinking as a transferrable higher-order skill above and external to knowledge. Third is a naturalized assumption that didactic instructions in Asian classrooms are not as conducive to thinking cultivation as (Western) student-centered pedagogies.

Originality/Value

My postfoundational reflections interrogate and expand these philosophical–theoretical–methodological grounds to reconstruct effective thinking curricula and classrooms.
Breast Milk and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Congenital Heart Disease: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Christian Margaret R. , Bateman David , Garland Marianne , Krishnan Usha S. , Bacha Emile A. , Krishnamurthy Ganga
Published: July 2024

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a complication that can affect infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). The objective of this study is to determine whether breast milk, which is associated with decreased incidence of NEC in preterm infants, is protective in infants with CHD. Methods: Retrospective case–control study of infants ≥ 33 weeks gestational age with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery during their admission to the Infant Cardiac Unit from 2008 to 2017. Cases were defined as infants with modified Bell's stage ≥ II NEC. Controls were matched by date of birth, gestational age, and pre- or postcardiac surgery feed initiation. Results: A total of 926 infants with gestational age ≥ 33 weeks and CHD were admitted; 18 cases of NEC were identified and compared with 84 controls. Breast milk intake was higher in controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. Single ventricle (SV) physiology was identified as an independent risk factor for NEC by multivariable analysis. Analysis of infants with SV physiology demonstrated that median age at time of surgery was 9 days (interquartile range [IQR], 7-12) in NEC cases and 5 days (IQR, 4-9) in controls ( P = .02). Conclusions: While this study is inconclusive with regard to feeding composition and risk of NEC in infants with CHD, the trend toward greater intake of breast milk in the control group suggests that breast milk may be protective for these infants. Infants with SV physiology are at high risk for NEC. Earlier time to stage I palliation may be a modifiable risk factor for NEC.
Comparison of Kleinert versus Saint John protocol in Zone I/II flexor tendon injuries: A retrospective study
Authors: Ho See Lok Douglas , Chow Ching San Esther
Published: July 2024

Background: There is no concrete evidence to define the optimal mobilization strategy following zone I/II flexor tendon repair. The Saint John Protocol is an active motion regime which utilizes wrist movement to facilitate better clinical outcomes. Our objective was to compare the outcomes of patients who underwent the conventional Kleinert protocol versus the Saint John protocol. Methods: 20 fingers in the Kleinert group and 18 fingers in the Saint John group were included in this retrospective study. Pain score, range of movement, grip strength, and complications were studied at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Results: The Saint John protocol showed significantly less pain at 6 week (0.167 vs 1.08, P = 0.032) and less flexion contracture at the PIPJ at 6 weeks (3.33 vs 12.25, P = 0.032). Both groups showed similar rerupture rates (5.5% vs 5%). Conclusions: Saint John protocol demonstrated better clinical outcomes while not sacrificing the integrity of repair.