bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B-Cell Cross-Presentation of Autologous Antigen Precipitates Diabetes
Authors: Mariño Eliana , Tan Bernice , Binge Lauren , Mackay Charles R. , Grey Shane T.
Published: July 2012

For autoimmune conditions like type 1 diabetes to progress, self-reactive CD8+ T cells would need to interact with peptide–antigen cross-presented on the surface of antigen-presenting cells in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted fashion. However, the mechanisms by which autoantigen is cross-presented remain to be identified. In this study, we show cross-presentation of islet-derived autoantigens by B cells. B cells engage self-reactive CD8+ T cells in the pancreatic lymph node, driving their proliferative expansion and differentiation into granzyme B+interferon-γ+lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1+ effector cells. B-cell cross-presentation of insulin required proteolytic cleavage and endosomal localization and was sensitive to inhibitors of protein trafficking. Absent B-cell MHC class I, or B-cell receptor restriction to an irrelevant specificity, blunted the expansion of self-reactive CD8+ T cells, suggesting B-cell antigen capture and presentation are critical in vivo events for CD8 activation. Indeed, the singular loss of B-cell MHC class I subverted the conversion to clinical diabetes in NOD mice, despite the presence of a pool of activated, and B cell–dependent, interleukin-21–expressing Vβ4+CD4+ T cells. Thus, B cells govern the transition from clinically silent insulitis to frank diabetes by cross-presenting autoantigen to self-reactive CD8+ T cells.
Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Promotes Increased Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis, Hyperlipidemia, and Hepatic Steatosis in the Elderly
Authors: Flannery Clare , Dufour Sylvie , Rabøl Rasmus , Shulman Gerald I. , Petersen Kitt Falk
Published: July 2012

Aging is closely associated with muscle insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes. We examined the hypothesis that muscle insulin resistance in healthy aging promotes increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and hyperlipidemia by altering the distribution pattern of postprandial energy storage. Healthy, normal weight, sedentary elderly subjects pair-matched to young subjects were given two high-carbohydrate meals followed by 13C/1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of postprandial changes in muscle and liver glycogen and lipid content, and assessment of DNL using 2H2O. Net muscle glycogen synthesis was reduced by 45% (P < 0.007) in the elderly subjects compared with the young, reflecting severe muscle insulin resistance. Net liver glycogen synthesis was similar between groups (elderly, 143 ± 23 mmol/L vs. young, 138 ± 13 mmol/L; P = NS). Hepatic DNL was more than twofold higher in the elderly than in the young subjects (elderly, 14.5 ± 1.4% vs. young, 6.9 ± 0.7%; P = 0.00015) and was associated with approximately threefold higher postprandial hepatic triglyceride (TG) content (P < 0.005) and increased fasting plasma TGs (elderly, 1.19 ± 0.18 mmol/L vs. young, 0.74 ± 0.11 mmol/L; P = 0.02). These results strongly support the hypothesis that muscle insulin resistance in aging promotes hyperlipidemia and NAFLD by altering the pattern of postprandial carbohydrate storage away from muscle glycogen and into hepatic DNL.
Genetic Predisposition to High Blood Pressure Associates With Cardiovascular Complications Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Qi Qibin , Forman John P. , Jensen Majken K. , Flint Alan , Curhan Gary C. , Rimm Eric B. , Hu Frank B. , Qi Lu
Published: July 2012

Hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D) commonly coexist, and both conditions are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to examine the association between genetic predisposition to high blood pressure and risk of CVD in individuals with T2D. The current study included 1,005 men and 1,299 women with T2D from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Nurses’ Health Study, of whom 732 developed CVD. A genetic predisposition score was calculated on the basis of 29 established blood pressure–associated variants. The genetic predisposition score showed consistent associations with risk of CVD in men and women. In the combined results, each additional blood pressure–increasing allele was associated with a 6% increased risk of CVD (odds ratio [OR] 1.06 [95% CI 1.03–1.10]). The OR was 1.62 (1.22–2.14) for risk of CVD comparing the extreme quartiles of the genetic predisposition score. The genetic association for CVD risk was significantly stronger in patients with T2D than that estimated in the general populations by a meta-analysis (OR per SD of genetic score 1.22 [95% CI 1.10–1.35] vs. 1.10 [1.08–1.12]; I2 = 71%). Our data indicate that genetic predisposition to high blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of CVD in individuals with T2D.
Sutures versus Sterile Strips for Closure of Ankle Arthroscopy Portals: Prospective Crossover Trial
Authors: Stavrou Peter , Symeonidis Panagiotis D. , Iselin Lukas D. , Dracopoulos George
Published: July 2012

Background: Either a nylon single suture or adhesive tape in the form of Steri strip are commonly used for the closure of portals in ankle arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods with regards to their safety, complications and cosmetic result. Methods: This was a prospective cross over study of 100 patients who underwent ankle arthroscopy. Materials used for wound closure were either a 3–0 nylon suture or a single Steri strip. Portals were reviewed according to a validated wound scoring system. Parameters such as the age and gender of the patients, the duration of tourniquet use and the use of an intraarticular corticosteroid injection at wound closure were also studied. Results: Ninety-five patients were included in the statistical analysis. No technique was found to be superior in terms of the wound description ( p = 0.164), infection grade ( p = 0.232), infection treatment ( p = 0.557) and the cosmetic appearance ( p = 0.371). Seventy-two percent of patients had a good to excellent cosmetic result. There were two cases of infection requiring administration of antibiotics, one from each method of closure. Of the independent parameters, the use of cortisone was related to a lower infection treatment score ( p = 0.013). Patients with signs of infection had a shorter total tourniquet time compared to the patients with no infection ( p = 0.002). Conclusion: The use of either a single suture or Steri strip in the closure of ankle arthoscopy portals has equivalent results. Both methods were safe with equivalent cosmesis and low infection rates.

Level of Evidence: II; Prospective Comparative Study
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Low Energy Extracorporeal Pulse Activated Therapy (EPAT) for Chronic Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Gordon Robert , Wong Charles , Crawford Eric J.
Published: July 2012

Background: Ultrasonographic measurement of the plantar fascia can be used to objectively diagnose plantar fasciitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effectiveness of Extracorporeal Pulse Activated Therapy (EPAT) for the treatment of plantar fasciitis using ultrasonographic measurement as an objective outcome measure, with a minimum followup of 12 months. Methods: Patients with chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis were prospectively recruited and underwent EPAT. Ultrasound measurement of the plantar fascia and patient-rated pain scores were collected before treatment and at followup (minimum of 12 months post-treatment). Twenty-five subjects (35 feet) met the inclusion criteria. The average followup time was 29.4 ± 13.1 (M ± SD; range, 12 to 54) months. Results: The average thickness of the plantar fascia of the symptomatic heels was 7.3 ± 2.0 mm before treatment and 6.0 ± 1.3 mm after treatment ( p < 0.001). The average change in thickness of the treated heels was −1.3 mm (−0.8 to −1.8 mm; 95% CI, p < 0.0001). No correlation was found between length of followup and change in ultrasound measured plantar fascia thickness ( r = −0.04, p = 0.818). Conclusion: For patients with a greater than 12-month history of heel pain, EPAT can effectively decrease plantar fascia thickness as demonstrated objectively by ultrasound evaluation and reduce patient-reported pain. No relationship between length of followup and change in plantar fascia thickness was found after 12 months.

Level of Evidence: IV; Case Series
Antibiotic Impregnated Cement Spacer for Salvage of Diabetic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Melamed Eyal A. , Peled Eli
Published: July 2012

Background: Florid infection and osteomyelitis of the forefoot in patients with diabetic neuropathy often requires minor amputation, with risk of subsequent reulceration, reamputation, and patient dissatisfaction. We investigated use of an antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer (ACS) to release antibiotic locally to resolve residual infection and to fill the cavity created by debridement. Methods: We report 23 cases of osteomyelitis and associated severe infection of forefoot joints in 20 consecutive patients, age 60.3 ± 13.4 years. Antibiotic-impregnated cement, extensive meticulous debridement, and ACS placement to fill the gap were employed in all cases. Deep cultures were taken routinely. Fixation with Kirschner wires was used as necessary. Mean followup was 21.2 ± 10.2 months. A successful result was resolution of infection and wound healing to full skin closure without amputation. Results: Of 23 cases, 21 (91.3%) healed and two required toe amputation. ACS was left permanently in 10 patients, removed with arthrodesis in six, and removed without arthrodesis in five. One patient recovered but subsequently underwent transtibial amputation due to infection of a different site. Conclusion: Severe infection associated with osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetic patients was successfully treated with extensive debridement and use of ACS, which filled the void created by debridement. Amputation was avoided in most patients. This procedure allowed extensive debridement through filling large voids with ACS, with prolonged antibiotic release.

Level of Evidence: IV; Retrospective Case Series
Mid-Term Outcome of Talocalcaneal Coalition Treated with Interposition of a Pedicle Fatty Flap After Resection
Authors: Imajima Yukari , Takao Masato , Miyamoto Wataru , Imade Shinji , Nishi Hideaki , Uchio Yuji
Published: July 2012

Background: We have previously reported a new technique to treat symptomatic talocalcaneal coalition. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mid-term outcome of the interposition of a pedicle fatty flap after the resection of a talocalcaneal coalition. Methods: Six feet of 5 patients with persistently symptomatic talocalcaneal coalition were treated with this method. We investigated the clinical outcome using the visual analog scale (VAS) for hindfoot pain including around coalition and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score pre- and postoperatively, and investigated whether or not recurrence was present using computed tomography (CT) at the final followup. Results: The VAS score was significantly improved from 5.5 ± 1.0 (mean ± SD) to 9.7 ± 0.5 points ( p = 0.0006). The AOFAS hindfoot score was also improved significantly (from 73.3 ± 26.7 points to 96.7 ± 7.1 points). No recurrence was detected by CT at the final followup. Conclusion: The interposition of a pedicle fatty flap after resection has been a durable procedure for treating a symptomatic talocalcaneal coalition.

Level of Evidence: IV; Retrospective Case Series
Preoperative Planning and Surgical Technique: How do I Balance My Ankle?
Authors: Choi Woo Jin , Kim Bom Soo , Lee Jin Woo
Published: July 2012

Ligament balancing during total ankle arthroplasty is an important step in optimizing the mechanical balance of the ankle joint. Soft-tissue contractures that result from varus or valgus coronal plane deformity can pose a difficult problem, and the surgeon should have a standard procedure for managing such situations in the operating room. Balance may be assessed intraoperatively with the use of spacer blocks, laminar spreaders, and tensioning devices as well as by placement of trial components. Techniques used to balance the varus or valgus ankle during primary total ankle arthroplasty include osteophyte resection, soft-tissue release, and bone resection. Mediolateral ligament balancing is crucial for long-term success and patient satisfaction.
Injuries Observed in Minimalist Runners
Authors: Salzler Matthew J. , Bluman Eric M. , Noonan Samantha , Chiodo Christopher P. , de Asla Richard J.
Published: July 2012

Background: Minimalist runners have been shown to have a different gait pattern with lower impact forces than habitually shod runners. Running in minimalist footwear has been promoted as a means of reducing or eliminating running injuries by returning to a more natural gait. Methods Ten experienced runners, age 21 to 57 (mean, 43) years, were identified with injuries within 1 year of transition from traditional to minimalist running footwear. Patients were interviewed to determine their running history, injury history, transition to minimalist footwear, and their new injury including its treatment and recovery. Results Ten patients who ran with traditional footwear ran an average of 25.9 (range, 6 to 45) miles/week for an average of 18.9 (range, 1 to 40) years presented with injuries 2.8 (range 1 to 10) months after switching to minimalist footwear. Their injuries included eight metatarsal stress fractures, a calcaneal stress fracture, and a plantar fascia rupture. All patients had a successful recovery and returned to their previous level of running. Conclusion Injuries including stress fractures and plantar fascia rupture have been observed in minimalist runners.

Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Kinematics of the Three Components of a Total Ankle Replacement: In Vivo Fluoroscopic Analysis
Authors: Cenni Francesco , Leardini Alberto , Belvedere Claudio , Buganè Francesca , Cremonini Karin , Miscione Maria T. , Giannini Sandro
Published: July 2012

Background: Careful kinematic analysis of ankle joints with newly developed prostheses should be carried out to assess the actual performance in vivo. This study analyzed the pattern of motion of the three components of a ligament-compatible ankle replacement, developed to replicate normal joint kinematics. Materials and Methods Twelve patients treated with this design were analyzed at 6, 12, and 24 months followup. A series of images were acquired by videofluoroscopy at extremes of the range of motion, and during flexion/extension against gravity and stair-climbing/descending. Three-dimensional positions and orientations of the tibial and talar metal components and of the polyethylene mobile-bearing were obtained from the images by a standard shape-matching procedure. Motion between the three components was calculated and descriptively analyzed. Results Large tibiotalar joint mobility of the replaced ankle was observed in all three anatomical planes, particularly in the sagittal. In flexion/extension against gravity, the mean range of flexion was 17.6, 17.7, and 16.2 degrees, respectively, over the three followups. The inclination angle of the mean axis of joint rotation was 3.7 degrees down and lateral in the frontal plane and 4.7 degrees posterior and lateral in the transverse plane, similar to those in the normal ankle. The corresponding antero-posterior translation of the meniscal-bearing with respect to the tibia was 3.3, 3.3, and 3.2 mm, with statistically significant correlation with joint flexion. Conclusion Physiological motion can be achieved in ligament-compatible ankle joint replacements. The considerable antero-posterior bearing-to-tibial motion and its coupling with flexion support the main original claims of this design.

Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability: Prospective Evaluation and Repair of Plantar Plate and Capsular Insufficiency
Authors: Nery Caio , Coughlin Michael J. , Baumfeld Daniel , Mann Tania S.
Published: July 2012

Background: Anatomical dissection of the second metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint suggests that the plantar plate is the major stabilizing structure of the joint due to its central location and multiple important attachments. Many surgical procedures have been recommended when conservative treatment has failed, but some have had limited clinical success. The aim of our prospective study was to show the results obtained in the treatment of a group of patients with plantar plate tears by direct repair through a dorsal approach combined with a Weil metatarsal osteotomy with a minimum followup of 12 months. Methods We prospectively treated 28 patients (55 MTP joints) with lesser MTP joint instability, but only 22 patients (40 MTP joints) were treated by the direct repair of the plantar plate and were included in the study. All of them had initial complaints of acute forefoot pain with the subsequent development of deformity and instability of the MTP joints. All patients were evaluated clinically, radiographically, (plain radiographs and MRI exam), and by MTP joint arthroscopy. With this data, a direct correlation between the clinical staging and the anatomical grading for plantar plate dysfunction of each patient was determined Results The plantar plate of the second MTP joint was the most commonly affected joint (63%), and Grade III type tear (transverse and/or longitudinal extension tear) was the most frequent type. With the surgical treatment, we were able to markedly improve the parameters studied (pain, medial or dorsomedial deviation of the toe, joint stability, muscle balance, and joint congruence) to acceptable levels, The AOFAS score improved substantially from an average of 52 points preoperatively to 92 points postoperatively. Conclusion The direct plantar plate repair combined with a Weil osteotomy and lateral soft tissue reefing can restore the normal alignment of the MTP joint. We have demonstrated that the anatomic repair of the plantar plate can correct the deviation of the affected toe (medial, dorsal, dorsomedial or dorsolateral), which lead to diminished pain with improved functional scores.

Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Effect of the Posterior Tibial and Peroneal Longus on the Mechanical Properties of the Foot Arch
Authors: Kokubo Tetsuro , Hashimoto Takeshi , Nagura Takeo , Nakamura Toshiyasu , Suda Yasunori , Matsumoto Hideo , Toyama Yoshiaki
Published: July 2012

Background: The mechanical properties of the foot are controlled by many structures including muscles, tendons, ligaments, tarsal joints and bones. Among them, muscles make the dynamic changes of foot alignment, especially the posterior tibial (PT) and peroneal longus (PL) which contribute to maintaining the foot arch. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of PT and PL on the foot mechanical properties. Methods The mechanical properties with a longitudinal load to the tibia was measured in eight cadaveric feet. The measurement was carried out with absence of tendon traction (control), the presence of isolated traction of each tendon of the PT or PL, and finally after simultaneous traction of both tendons. Results The bone displacement significantly decreased with tendon traction. The stiffness significantly increased with PT traction compared to control, and significantly decreased with PL traction and with traction of both tendons. Among the four testing conditions, the energy during loading was least with isolated PT traction. The energy dissipation rate was significantly increased with PL traction and with traction on both tendons, whereas no significant difference existed with PT traction compared to control. Conclusions The PT increased the stiffness and reduces the energy stored in the foot. The PT acted to improve the energy efficiency of the load transmission. The PL decreased the stiffness and increased the energy stored. Clinical Relevance: PT and PL muscles affect the foot arch. Excessive or insufficient traction may cause some foot disorders.
Snapping of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Due to Attenuated Inferior Extensor Retinaculum: Case Report
Authors: Cho Jaeho , Lee Woo Chun , Park Chul-Hyun
Published: July 2012

Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
Surgical Stabilization of Calcaneal Fat Pad for Treatment of Structural Insufficiency and Instability
Authors: Prado Marcelo Pires , Fernandes Tulio Diniz , Mendes Alberto Abussamra Moreira , Amodio Daniel Tassetto
Published: July 2012

Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
Prioritizing Policy Approach and Actions to Address Epidemic of Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs)
Authors: Faiz M Abul , Rahmanb M Ridwanur , Karim Md Nazmul
Published: July 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i2.11405   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 62-64
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Diabetic Patient
Authors: UK Khan UK Khan , Dipta TF , Faruque MO , Sarder K , Sultana SSS , Nahar Q
Published: July 2012

Background: Factors associated for the development of   metabolic syndrome vary from region to region and race to   race. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the   prevalence of metabolic syndrome and phenotype of newly   diagnosed IGT and DM subjects. Methods: In this cross   sectional study 100 DM and 44 IGT subjects recruited from   OPD BIRDEM hospital. BMI, Neck, and waist   circumference, WHR and blood pressure were collected by skilled trainer using modern equipments. Serum glucose   was measured by glucose-oxidase method and lipid profile was measured by enzymatic-colorimetric method. Results: Glycemic status was higher in diabetic subjects (12±5; ABF   18±6) than IGT subjects (FPG 6±0.84; ABF 9±2). About   39.6% subjects had metabolic syndrome according to the   definition of EGIR and 21.9 % were hypertensive in DM   subjects. Neck circumference was positively correlated with   BMI (r=0.4, p=0.02) and waist circumference   (r=0.25.p=0.003). Conclusions: Glycemic status affects at   the BMI 24 and neck circumference 33cm with age 40 years.   About 39.6 % MS present following EGIR but poor % MS   have found following ATP III and WHO criteria   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i2.11409   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 85-90
Genital Tuberculosis  An Uncommon Presentation
Authors: Akhter N , Khanam A , Begum F
Published: July 2012

A married women of 30 years, mother of one child,  housewife was referred to out patient department of Khulna  Medical College Hospital with history of blood stained  vaginal discharge, secondary amenorrhoea for 3 years and  evening rise of temperature and anorexia for 3 months. On  speculum examination, cervix was oedematous, bright red  in colour with papillary growth which bleeds on touch. She  also had bilateral excavated lesion at the lowest part of the  vagina close to the introitus which was red in colour with  undermined edge. Visual inspection aided by acetic acid  (VIA) was positive. Colposcopy guided biopsy was taken  from unhealthy areas. There was extensive mottling on  chest X-ary. She had high ESR, AFB+ve on sputum culture.  The patient was diagnosed as a case of active pulmonary  TB. Histopathological report of cervical tissue showed  granulomatous lesion. Patient was given a regimen of  standard anti TB drugs. After 2 weeks, during her first  follow up, patient had few symptoms with regression of  cervical growth and disappearance of vaginal ulcer. Patient  herself stated about her wellbeing after the start of anti-  TB drugs.  Though cervical TB is not uncommon among genital TB  (5-24%), vaginal tubercular lesion is very uncommon and  concurrent pulmonary, endometrial, cervical and vaginal  tuberculosis is a rare event. Careful evaluation is needed to  diagnose tubercular infection in genital organs specially in  GOPDs and colposcopy clinics.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i2.11421   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 108-111
Moyamoya Disease: A Rare Entity Report Of One Case
Authors: Saha Anup Kumar , Banik Gobinda
Published: July 2012

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i2.11423 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 114-115
From the Desk of Editor in Chief Vol.30(2)
Authors: Ahasan HAM Nazmul
Published: July 2012

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i2.11425 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 121
Pneumopericardium
Authors: Das A , Miah MT , Islam MA , Alam MB
Published: July 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i2.11429 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 112-113
Professor AKM Mahbubur Rahman
Authors: Editor The
Published: July 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i2.11430 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 122
Modeling Multiple-Core Updraft Plume Rise for an Aerial Ignition Prescribed Burn by Coupling Daysmoke with a Cellular Automata Fire Model
Authors: Achtemeier Gary L. , Goodrick Scott A. , Liu Yongqiang
Published: July 2012

Smoke plume rise is critically dependent on plume updraft structure. Smoke plumes from landscape burns (forest and agricultural burns) are typically structured into “sub-plumes” or multiple-core updrafts with the number of updraft cores depending on characteristics of the landscape, fire, fuels, and weather. The number of updraft cores determines the efficiency of vertical transport of heat and particulate matter and therefore plume rise. Daysmoke, an empirical-stochastic plume rise model designed for simulating wildland fire plumes, requires updraft core number as an input. In this study, updraft core number was gained via a cellular automata fire model applied to an aerial ignition prescribed burn conducted at Eglin AFB on 6 February 2011. Typically four updraft cores were simulated in agreement with a photo-image of the plume showing three/four distinct sub-plumes. Other Daysmoke input variables were calculated including maximum initial updraft core diameter, updraft core vertical velocity, and relative emissions production. Daysmoke simulated a vertical tower that mushroomed 1,000 m above the mixing height. Plume rise was validated by ceilometer. Simulations with two temperature profiles found 89–93 percent of the PM2.5 released during the flaming phase was transported into the free atmosphere above the mixing layer. The minimal ground-level smoke concentrations were verified by a small network of particulate samplers. Implications of these results for inclusion of wildland fire smoke in air quality models are discussed.
SUMO Wrestles with Recombination
Authors: Altmannová Veronika , Kolesár Peter , Krejčí Lumír
Published: July 2012

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) comprise one of the most toxic DNA lesions, as the failure to repair a single DSB has detrimental consequences on the cell. Homologous recombination (HR) constitutes an error-free repair pathway for the repair of DSBs. On the other hand, when uncontrolled, HR can lead to genome rearrangements and needs to be tightly regulated. In recent years, several proteins involved in different steps of HR have been shown to undergo modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) peptide and it has been suggested that deficient sumoylation impairs the progression of HR. This review addresses specific effects of sumoylation on the properties of various HR proteins and describes its importance for the homeostasis of DNA repetitive sequences. The article further illustrates the role of sumoylation in meiotic recombination and the interplay between SUMO and other post-translational modifications.
Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Upregulation by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
Authors: Marquez-Curtis Leah A. , Shirvaikar Neeta , Turner A. Robert , Mirza Imran , Surmawala Amir , Larratt Loree M. , Janowska-Wieczorek Anna
Published: July 2012

Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has been implicated in tumor invasion, as well as trafficking of normal hematopoietic cells, and acts as a physiologic activator of proMMP-2. In this study we examined MT1-MMP expression in primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Because tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is known to be elevated in AML, we also investigated the effect of TNF-α on MT1-MMP expression. We found (i) MT1-MMP mRNA expression in 41 out of 43 primary AML samples tested; (ii) activation of proMMP-2 in co-cultures of AML cells with normal bone marrow stromal cells; and (iii) inhibition of proMMP-2 activation and trans-Matrigel migration of AML cells by gene silencing using MT1-MMP siRNA. Moreover, recombinant human TNF-α upregulated MT1-MMP expression in AML cells resulting in enhanced proMMP-2 activation and trans-Matrigel migration. Thus, AML cells express MT1-MMP and TNF-α enhances it leading to increased MMP-2 activation and most likely contributing to the invasive phenotype. We suggest that MT1-MMP, together with TNF-α, should be investigated as potential therapeutic targets in AML.
Optimal Thawing of Cryopreserved Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Use in High-Throughput Human Immune Monitoring Studies
Authors: Ramachandran Hari , Laux Jessica , Moldovan Ioana , Caspell Richard , Lehmann Paul V. , Subbramanian Ramu A.
Published: July 2012

Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) constitute an important component of immune monitoring studies as they allow for efficient batch- testing of samples as well as for the validation and extension of original studies in the future. In this study, we systematically test the permutations of PBMC thawing practices commonly employed in the field and identify conditions that are high and low risk for the viability of PBMC and their functionality in downstream ELISPOT assays. The study identifies the addition of ice-chilled washing media to thawed cells at the same temperature as being a high risk practice, as it yields significantly lower viability and functionality of recovered PBMC when compared to warming the cryovials to 37 °C and adding a warm washing medium. We found thawed PBMC in cryovials could be kept up to 30 minutes at 37 °C in the presence of DMSO before commencement of washing, which surprisingly identifies exposure to DMSO as a low risk step during the thawing process. This latter finding is of considerable practical relevance since it permits batch-thawing of PBMC in high-throughput immune monitoring environments.
A New Entropy Optimization Model for Graduation of Data in Survival Analysis
Authors: He Dayi , Huang Qi , Gao Jianwei
Published: July 2012

Graduation of data is of great importance in survival analysis. Smoothness and goodness of fit are two fundamental requirements in graduation. Based on the instinctive defining expression for entropy in terms of a probability distribution, two optimization models based on the Maximum Entropy Principle (MaxEnt) and Minimum Cross Entropy Principle (MinCEnt) to estimate mortality probability distributions are presented. The results demonstrate that the two approaches achieve the two basic requirements of data graduating, smoothness and goodness of fit respectively. Then, in order to achieve a compromise between these requirements, a new entropy optimization model is proposed by defining a hybrid objective function combining both principles of MaxEnt and MinCEnt models linked by a given adjustment factor which reflects the preference of smoothness and goodness of fit in the data graduation. The proposed approach is feasible and more reasonable in data graduation when both smoothness and goodness of fit are concerned.
MPPT for Photovoltaic Modules via Newton-Like Extremum Seeking Control
Authors: Zazo Héctor , Del Castillo Esteban , Reynaud Jean François , Leyva Ramon
Published: July 2012

The paper adapts the Newton-like Extremum-Seeking Control technique to extract the maximum power from photovoltaic panels. This technique uses the gradient and Hessian of the panel characteristic in order to approximate the operating point to its optimum. The paper describes in detail the gradient and Hessian estimations carried out by means of sinusoidal dithering signals. Furthermore, we compare the proposed technique with the common Extremum Seeking Control that only uses the gradient. The comparison is done by means of PSIM simulations and it shows the different transient behaviors and the faster response of the Newton-like Extremum-Seeking Control solution.
Esterification and Deacidification of a Waste Cooking Oil (TAN 68.81 mg KOH/g) for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Ding Jincheng , Xia Zheng , Lu Jie
Published: July 2012

Oils with high content of free fatty acid (FFA) can be treated by acid esterification where an alcohol reacts with the given oil in the presence of acid catalyst. The investigated parameters include methanol to oil ratio, temperature and amount of catalyst. The optimum conditions for acid esterification which could reduce FFA content in the feedstock to less than 1.88% (acid value 3.76 mg KOH/g waste cooking oil) were 50 °C, 20% methanol to oil ratio (by volume) and 0.4 vol.% H2SO4 after 5 h. However, oil with an acid value of more than 1 mg KOH/g oil cannot meet the alkaline catalyzed transesterification conditions. Under the conditions of NaOH concentration 0.5 N, excess alkali 15%, 60 °C, 40 min, the FFA removal rate for deacidification reached 77.11% (acid value 0.86 mg KOH/g esterified oil). The acid value of deacidification product was reduced below 0.86 mg KOH/g esterified oil, thus meeting the base-catalyzed trans-esterification conditions.
Toothaches in the Daily Lives of Brazilian Adults
Authors: Silva de Pinho Aline Mendes , Campos Ana Cristina Viana , Ferreira e Ferreira Efigênia , Vargas Andréa Maria Duarte
Published: July 2012

The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of toothaches and to evaluate its effects on the daily lives of adults living in an industrialised region of southeastern Brazil. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 744 individuals. The variables related to toothache were grouped into three components: access to dental service, pain severity, and social/functional impacts. The present study found that 68.0% of the subjects had limited access to oral health care, 39.7% presented high toothache severity, and 47.3% reported that toothache greatly affected their daily lives. Nervousness (87.2%) and chewing difficulty (72.6%) were the most commonly reported toothache-related effects. Through correspondence analysis, four groups with separate profiles for toothache and associated factors were identified. Two groups reported greater effects of toothaches in their daily lives. One group consisted of individuals who had less access to dental services (women and individuals who were multiracial, married, had a middle school education, or a low family income). The other group consisted of individuals who reported a high toothache severity and high degree of social/functional impacts (individuals who were 40 to 44 years old, married or widowed, black or multiracial, and had a middle school education). The other two groups were those whose daily lives were less affected by toothaches. One group consisted of individuals who had greater access to dental services (men and individuals who were divorced, had a college degree, or had incomes greater than R$ 300.01). The final group consisted of individuals who had low toothache severity and a low degree of associated social/functional impacts (individuals who were 35 to 39 years old, white, single, or had a high school education).
Early Amyloidogenic Oligomerization Studied through Fluorescence Lifetime Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Paredes Jose M. , Casares Salvador , Ruedas-Rama Maria J. , Fernandez Elena , Castello Fabio , Varela Lorena , Orte Angel
Published: July 2012

Amyloidogenic protein aggregation is a persistent biomedical problem. Despite active research in disease-related aggregation, the need for multidisciplinary approaches to the problem is evident. Recent advances in single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy are valuable for examining heterogenic biomolecular systems. In this work, we have explored the initial stages of amyloidogenic aggregation by employing fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS), an advanced modification of conventional fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) that utilizes time-resolved information. FLCS provides size distributions and kinetics for the oligomer growth of the SH3 domain of α-spectrin, whose N47A mutant forms amyloid fibrils at pH 3.2 and 37 °C in the presence of salt. The combination of FCS with additional fluorescence lifetime information provides an exciting approach to focus on the initial aggregation stages, allowing a better understanding of the fibrillization process, by providing multidimensional information, valuable in combination with other conventional methodologies.
Scutellaria barbata D. Don Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis via Suppression of Hedgehog Pathway in a Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wei Lihui , Lin Jiumao , Xu Wei , Cai Qiaoyan , Shen Aling , Hong Zhenfeng , Peng Jun
Published: July 2012

Angiogenesis, which plays a critical role during tumor development, is tightly regulated by the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway, which has been known to malfunction in many types of cancer. Therefore, inhibition of angiogenesis via modulation of the SHH signaling pathway has become very attractive for cancer chemotherapy. Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SB) has long been used in China to treat various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Our published data suggested that the ethanol extract of SB (EESB) is able to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells and inhibit angiogenesis in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. To further elucidate the precise mechanisms of its anti-tumor activity, in the present study we used a CRC mouse xenograft model to evaluate the effect of EESB on tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. Our current data indicated that EESB reduces tumor size without affecting on the body weight gain in CRC mice. In addition, EESB treatment suppresses the expression of key mediators of the SHH pathway in tumor tissues, which in turn resulted in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, EESB treatment inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), an important target gene of SHH signaling and functioning as one of the strongest stimulators of angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that inhibition of tumor angiogenesis via suppression of the SHH pathway might be one of the mechanisms by which Scutellaria barbata D. Don can be effective in the treatment of cancers.
Negative-Pressure Cavitation Extraction of Four Main Vinca Alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus Leaves
Authors: Mu Fansong , Yang Liuqing , Wang Wei , Luo Meng , Fu Yujie , Guo Xiaorui , Zu Yuangang
Published: July 2012

In the present study, an improved method termed negative-pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) followed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed for the extraction and quantification of vindoline (VDL), catharanthine (CTR), vincristine (VCR) and vinblastine (VLB) from Catharanthus roseus leaves. The optimized method employed 60-mesh particles, 80% ethanol, a negative pressure of −0.075 MPa, a solid to liquid ratio of 1:20, 30 min of extraction and three extraction cycles. Under these optimized conditions, the extraction yields of VDL, CTR, VCR and VLB are 0.5783, 0.2843, 0.018 and 0.126 mg/g DW, respectively. These extraction yields are equivalent to those from the well-known ultrasonic extraction method and higher than the yields from maceration extraction and heating reflux extraction. Our results suggest that NPCE-RP-HPLC represents an excellent alternative for the extraction and quantification of vinca alkaloids for pilot- and industrial-scale applications.
Investigation of Non-Enzymatic Glycosylation of Human Serum Albumin Using Ion Trap-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bai Xue , Wang Zhangjie , Huang Chengcai , Wang Zhe , Chi Lianli
Published: July 2012

Non-enzymatic glycosylation or glycation involves covalent attachment of reducing sugar residues to proteins without enzyme participation. Glycation of glucose to human serum albumin in vivo is related to diabetes and many other diseases. We present an approach using liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray ionization source of a hybrid ion trap-time of flight (IT-TOF-MS/MS) tandem mass spectrometer to identify the glycation sites on serum albumin from both a healthy person and a diabetic patient. The MetID software, which is commonly used for screening metabolites, is adapted for peptide fingerprinting based on both m/z values and isotopic distribution profiles. A total of 21 glycation sites from the healthy person and 16 glycation sites from the diabetic patient were identified successfully. We also demonstrate the use of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to estimate the incorporation ratio of glucose to albumin during glycation. Results from this study show that the glycation in healthy person is more complicated than previously thought. Further analysis of incorporation ratio distribution may be necessary to accurately reflect the change of serum albumin glycation in diabetic patients.
On the Reaction of 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran and (2-Iodoethynyl)(phenyl)iodonium Triflate. A Unique Case of Oxygen Transfer from the Diels-Alder Adduct to the Diene
Authors: Camps Pelayo , Gómez Tània , Lozano David , Calvet Teresa , Font-Bardia Mercè
Published: July 2012

Reaction of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPIBF) with 2-(iodoethynyl)(phenyl)-iodonium triflate at room temperature gave the expected Diels-Alder adduct, but using an excess of DFIBF (2 equiv.) and performing the reaction at 55 °C or heating at this temperature during the concentration stage, the initial orange solution or product mixture became dark brown and the products 1,2-phenylene-1,2-bis(phenylmethanone) and 2-(3-iodo-1,4-diphenylnaphthyl)(phenyl)iodonium triflate were obtained, which suggests an oxygen transfer between DPIBF and the initial adduct.
Comparison on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot Wines from Four Wine Grape-Growing Regions in China
Authors: Jiang Bao , Zhang Zhen-Wen
Published: July 2012

The antioxidant activities in the Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines from four wine grape-growing regions in China were measured by different analytical assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), superoxide radical-scavenging activity (SRSA) and the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, total flavanols and total anthocyanins were determined. The results showed that the contents of phenolic compounds and the levels of antioxidant activity in the wine samples greatly varied with cultivar and environmental factors of vine growth. The contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines from the Yuquanying region of Ningxia were significantly higher than other three regions, followed by the wines from Shacheng region of Hebei, and these parameters were the lowest in Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines from the Changli regions of Hebei and Xiangning region of Shanxi. Taken together, a close relationship between phenolic subclasses and antioxidant activity was observed for the wine samples. Moreover, there were significant discrepancies in the individual phenolic composition and content of four regional Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines, among which the individual phenolic compounds (catechin, epicatechin, cinnamic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, laricitrin-3-O-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside) revealed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with the antioxidant capacity in present study, especially for catechin and epicatechin.
Four-Component Scattering Power Decomposition Algorithm with Rotation of Covariance Matrix Using ALOS-PALSAR Polarimetric Data
Authors: Sugimoto Mitsunobu , Ouchi Kazuo , Nakamura Yasuhiro
Published: July 2012

The present study introduces the four-component scattering power decomposition (4-CSPD) algorithm with rotation of covariance matrix, and presents an experimental proof of the equivalence between the 4-CSPD algorithms based on rotation of covariance matrix and coherency matrix. From a theoretical point of view, the 4-CSPD algorithms with rotation of the two matrices are identical. Although it seems obvious, no experimental evidence has yet been presented. In this paper, using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data acquired by Phased Array L-band SAR (PALSAR) on board of Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), an experimental proof is presented to show that both algorithms indeed produce identical results.
Research on a Novel Low Modulus OFBG Strain Sensor for Pavement Monitoring
Authors: Wang Chuan , Hu Qingli , Lu Qiyu
Published: July 2012

Because of the fatigue and deflection damage of asphalt pavement, it is very important for researchers to monitor the strain response of asphalt layers in service under vehicle loads, so in this paper a novel polypropylene based OFBG (Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings) strain sensor with low modulus and large strain sensing scale was designed and fabricated. PP with MA-G-PP is used to package OFBG. The fabrication techniques, the physical properties and the sensing properties were tested. The experimental results show that this kind of new OFBG strain sensor is a wonderful sensor with low modulus (about 1 GPa) and good sensitivity, which would meet the needs for monitoring some low modulus materials or structures.
A Wireless Interface for Replacing the Cables in Bridge-Sensor Applications
Authors: Pavlin Marko , Novak Franc
Published: July 2012

This paper presents a solution in which a wireless interface is employed to replace the cables in bridge-sensor measurement applications. The most noticeable feature of the presented approach is the fact that the wireless interface simply replaces the cables without any additional hardware modification to the existing system. In this approach, the concept of reciprocal topology is employed, where the transmitter side acquires signals with its own transfer function and the receiver side reconstructs them with the transfer function reciprocal to the transmitter transfer function. In this paper the principle of data acquisition and reconstruction is described together with the implementation details of the signal transfer from the sensor to the signal-monitoring equipment. The wireless data communication was investigated and proprietary data-reduction methods were developed. The proposed methods and algorithms were implemented using two different wireless technologies. The performance was evaluated with a dedicated data-acquisition system and finally, the test results were analyzed. The two different sets of results indicated the high level of amplitude and the temporal accuracy of the wirelessly transferred sensor signals.
Magnetic Properties of Liquid-Phase Sintered CoFe2O4 for Application in Magnetoelastic and Magnetoelectric Transducers
Authors: De Brito Vera Lúcia Othéro , Cunha Stéphanie Alá , Lemos Leonardo Violim , Nunes Cristina Bormio
Published: July 2012

Cobalt ferrite is a ferrimagnetic magnetostrictive ceramic that has potential application in magnetoelastic and magnetoelectric transducers. In this work, CoFe2O4 was obtained using a conventional ceramic method and Bi2O3 was used as additive in order to obtain liquid-phase sintered samples. Bi2O3 was added to the ferrite in amounts ranging from 0.25 mol% to 0.45 mol% and samples were sintered at 900 °C and 950 °C. It was observed the presence of Bi-containing particles in the microstructure of the sintered samples and the magnetostriction results indicated microstructural anisotropy. It was verified that it is possible to get dense cobalt ferrites, liquid-phase sintered, with relative densities higher than 90% and with magnetostriction values very close to samples sintered without additives.