bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement Method Options to Investigate Digital Screen Technology Use by Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review
Authors: Beynon Amber , Hendry Danica , Lund Rasmussen Charlotte , Rohl Andrew L. , Eynon Rebecca , Thomas George , Stearne Sarah , Campbell Amity , Harris Courtenay , Zabatiero Juliana , Straker Leon
Published: June 2024

The role and potential impact of digital screen technology in the lives of children is heavily debated. Current evidence is limited by the weakness of measures typically used to characterise screen use, predominantly proxy- or self-reports with known inaccuracy and bias. However, robust and detailed evidence is needed to provide practical trustworthy guidance to families and professionals working with families. The purpose of this paper is to support researchers to select measurement method(s) that will provide robust and detailed evidence. The paper outlines the challenges in measuring contemporary screen use by children, using a child–technology interaction model to organise considerations. A range of different methods used to measure digital screen technology use in children and adolescents (i.e., questionnaires, diaries, electronically prompted sampling, direct observation, fixed room cameras, wearable/portable cameras, audio recorders, screen-device onboard logging, remote digital trace logging and proximity logging) are described along with examples of their use and constructs typically measured as well as a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of each method. A checklist and worked examples are provided to support researchers determining the best methods or combination of methods for a research project.
Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Children: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Lee Jin , Bae Kil Seong , Rhim Jung Woo , Lee Soo-Young , Jeong Dae Chul , Kang Jin Han
Published: June 2024

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is potentially fatal; so, early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential. However, detecting MAS is sometimes challenging because its principal features can be observed in other pediatric diseases that cause severe inflammation. Cytokine storm due to immune dysregulation represents the clinical and laboratory features of MAS that are included in the diagnostic criteria. Most cases of MAS occur as an underlying condition worsens and progresses. Therefore, a patient with autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease who shows unexplained clinical deterioration despite appropriate management should be considered at high risk for MAS (i.e., occult MAS). The basic principles of treatment are control of triggering factors, supportive care, and relief of hyperinflammation. Systemic steroids and cyclosporine A are frequently used as a first-line treatment. For the treatment of refractory MAS, cytokine-specific biologic agents such as anakinra have recently become preferred over traditional immunosuppressive agents such as etoposide. MAS might be underrecognized in pediatric patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases due to its diverse clinical presentations. Clinical suspicion of MAS is of the utmost importance for early recognition of the disease.
Molecular Approaches Detect Early Signals of Programmed Cell Death in Hippolyte inermis Leach
Authors: Glaviano Francesca , Esposito Roberta , Somma Emanuele , Sagi Amir , Aflalo Eliahu D. , Costantini Maria , Zupo Valerio
Published: June 2024

The protandric shrimp Hippolyte inermis is the only known marine invertebrate whose sex determination is strongly influenced by the composition of its food. In H. inermis, a sex reversal is triggered by the ingestion of diatoms of the genus Cocconeis associated with leaves of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. These diatoms contain compounds that promote programmed cell death (PCD) in H. inermis and also in human cancer cells. Transcriptomic analyses suggested that ferroptosis is the primary trigger of the shrimp’s sex reversal, leading to the rapid destruction of the androgen gland (AG) followed by a chain of apoptotic events transforming the testes into ovaries. Here, we propose a molecular approach to detect the effects of compounds stimulating the PCD. An RNA extraction method, suitable for young shrimp post-larvae (five days after metamorphosis; PL5 stage), was established. In addition, six genes involved in apoptosis, four involved in ferroptosis, and seven involved in the AG switch were mined from the transcriptome, and their expression levels were followed using real-time qPCR in PL5 fed on Cocconeis spp., compared to PL5 fed on a basic control feed. Our molecular approach, which detected early signals of sex reversal, represents a powerful instrument for investigating physiological progression and patterns of PCD in marine invertebrates. It exemplifies the physiological changes that may start a few days after the settlement of post-larvae and determine the life destiny of an individual.
The Omics Revolution in Understanding Chicken Reproduction: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Wadood Armughan Ahmed , Zhang Xiquan
Published: June 2024

Omics approaches have significantly contributed to our understanding of several aspects of chicken reproduction. This review paper gives an overview of the use of omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to elucidate the mechanisms of chicken reproduction. Genomics has transformed the study of chicken reproduction by allowing the examination of the full genetic makeup of chickens, resulting in the discovery of genes associated with reproductive features and disorders. Transcriptomics has provided insights into the gene expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms involved in reproductive processes, allowing for a better knowledge of developmental stages and hormone regulation. Furthermore, proteomics has made it easier to identify and quantify the proteins involved in reproductive physiology to better understand the molecular mechanisms driving fertility, embryonic development, and egg quality. Metabolomics has emerged as a useful technique for understanding the metabolic pathways and biomarkers linked to reproductive performance, providing vital insights for enhancing breeding tactics and reproductive health. The integration of omics data has resulted in the identification of critical molecular pathways and biomarkers linked with chicken reproductive features, providing the opportunity for targeted genetic selection and improved reproductive management approaches. Furthermore, omics technologies have helped to create biomarkers for fertility and embryonic viability, providing the poultry sector with tools for effective breeding and reproductive health management. Finally, omics technologies have greatly improved our understanding of chicken reproduction by revealing the molecular complexities that underpin reproductive processes.
Computer-Guided Evaluation of the Use of Two Different Devices in the Reduction of Inferior Tooth Crowding
Authors: Di Nicolantonio Sara , D’Angelo Maria Ausilia , Pietropaoli Davide , Monaco Annalisa , Ortu Eleonora
Published: June 2024

Objective: Lower tooth crowding is considered one of the most common malocclusions in growing patients and due to the potential complications associated with it, it is recommended to intercept this condition as soon as possible. The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare the effectiveness of two different orthodontic devices (elastodontic device and clear aligners) in the treatment of anterior tooth crowding in the jaws of young patients. Materials and methods: Seventy patients aged between 10 and 16 years with anterior inferior tooth crowding were recruited into this study and divided into case and control groups. The former group comprised 35 patients (15 males and 20 females, average age 10.2 years) who were treated with elastodontic devices (EQ CP series, Eptamed), while the control group consisted of 35 patients (15 males and 20 females, average age 10.5 years) who received aligners (Invisalign). All patients underwent periodic visits after 6 months from the start of treatment (T1) and after 1 year (T2) in which the progress of therapy was evaluated by measuring the inferior intercanine distance using a digital caliper. A parametric ANOVA test was conducted for statistical analysis. Results: There is no statistically significant difference between the two groups at either T1 or T2 (p < 0.05), thus making the two treatment modalities comparable. Conclusions: Both elastodontic devices and aligners can be considered as effective tools to successfully conduct inferior expansive treatment for the resolution of tooth crowding; however, the elastodontic devices are considered more comfortable to wear and they are required to be worn for less time during the day.
Quality in Contemporary Surgical Nursing
Authors: Vasilopoulos Georgios
Published: June 2024

Quality in healthcare is a multidimensional issue involving various features that depend on service performance and personal assessment (Stavropoulou et al [...]
Individualized Cognitive Functional Therapy Compared with Conservative Treatment for Patients with Chronic Neck Pain—Study Protocol for a Single Blind Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ploutarchou George , Korakakis Vasileios , Lazoura Evi , Savva Christos , Pavlou Kyriakos , Christofi Iacovos , Sotiriou Katerina , Savvidou Chara , Panteli Andreas , Karagiannis Christos , Mamais Ioannis
Published: June 2024

Chronic neck pain (CNP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions, is considered the second leading cause of pain, and is among the leading causes of disability. Cognitive Functional Therapy (CFT) is a novel behavioral therapy for individualizing the management of spinal pain targeting the multidimensional aspect of musculoskeletal pain. This study outlines the protocol for an assessor-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to compare an individualized Cognitive Functional Therapy (CFT) intervention with usual care in terms of pain and disability. Aiming for a pragmatic intervention, the CFT group will receive 16 sessions based on patient’s condition characteristics, and clinical presentation and progression. The control group will receive 16 sessions of standardized usual care (electrotherapy, massage, posture exercise, and educations). Both groups will have the same intervention duration. Patients will be randomly allocated into groups and will be assessed at baseline, at the 8th session, at the 16th session, and 3 months after randomization. Primary outcomes will be pain, disability, cervical range of motion, and neck muscle isometric strength. To our knowledge, this study will be the first RCT to compare the clinical effectiveness of CFT compared to UC for adults with CNP. The study results will provide information about the use of CFT in clinical practice.
Time of Day and Sleep Deprivation Effects on Risky Decision Making
Authors: Ruiz-Herrera Noelia , Friedman Mia , St. Hilaire Melissa A. , Arrona-Palacios Arturo , Czeisler Charles A. , Duffy Jeanne F.
Published: June 2024

Previous research has revealed that daily variations in human neurobehavioral functions are driven in part by the endogenous circadian system. The objective of this study was to explore whether there exists a circadian influence on performance regarding a risky decision-making task and to determine whether the performance changes with sleep deprivation (SD). Thirteen participants underwent a 39 h constant routine (CR) protocol, during which they remained awake in constant conditions and performed the BART (balloon analogue risk task) every two hours. The mean pumps (gains) (p < 0.001) and balloons popped (losses) (p = 0.003) exhibited variation during the CR. The reaction time (RT) also showed significant variation across the CR (p < 0.001), with slower mean RTs in the morning hours following SD. A greater risk propensity was observed around midday before SD and a lower risk propensity after 29.5 h of being awake. The sensitivity to punishment varied during the CR, but did not follow a predictable trend. Further research using real monetary incentives and neurophysiological measures is warranted to elucidate these findings.
Review of the Modelling of Corrosion Processes and Lifetime Prediction for HLW/SF Containers—Part 2: Performance Assessment Models
Authors: King Fraser , Kolàř Miroslav , Briggs Scott , Behazin Mehran , Keech Peter , Diomidis Nikitas
Published: June 2024

The disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and spent nuclear fuel (SF) presents a unique challenge for the prediction of the long-term performance of corrodible structures since the HLW/SF canisters are expected, in some cases, to have lifetimes of one million years or longer. Various empirical and deterministic models have been developed over the past 45 years for making predictions of the long-term corrosion behaviour, including models for uniform and localized corrosion, environmentally assisted cracking and microbiologically influenced corrosion. As well as process models focused on specific corrosion mechanisms (described in Part 1 of this review), there is also a need for performance assessment models as part of the overall analysis of the safety of a deep geological repository (DGR). Performance assessment models are often based on simplified or abstracted process models. The manner in which various international waste management programs have predicted the long-term performance of HLW/SF containers with copper, steel, Ni and Ti alloy corrosion barriers is discussed. Performance assessments are repeated periodically during the development and implementation of a DGR, and the corrosion models are constantly updated in light of new mechanistic understanding and/or more information about the deep geological environment. Two examples of how the container performance assessment models evolve over time are also described. Performance assessment models cannot easily be validated, so it is important to build confidence in the long-term predictions using other methods, including natural analogues and large-scale in situ tests and the use of complementary models.
Enhancing UV Radiation Resilience of DLC-Coated Stainless Steel with TiO2: A Dual-Layer Approach
Authors: Macário Paulo Fabrício , da Silveira Carolina Hahn , Vieira Angela Aparecida Moraes , Marcondes André Ricardo , Marques Francisco das Chagas , Fechine Guilhermino José Macêdo , Vieira Lúcia
Published: June 2024

This study presents an innovative dual-layer coating approach integrating titanium dioxide (TiO2) onto diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated 316L stainless steel. The combination of PECVD-deposited DLC and ALD-deposited TiO2 aims to preserve the inherent tribological properties of DLC while mitigating UV-induced degradation. By leveraging the ability of TiO2 to absorb, reflect, and scatter UV light, this dual-layer strategy significantly enhances the durability of DLC coatings in radiation-prone environments. The effects of accelerated aging through UV exposure on DLC and DLC/TiO2 films were evaluated using an Accelerated Weathering Tester. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the structural and mechanical properties before and after UV exposure, including Raman spectroscopy, profilometry, SEM, EDS, nanoindentation, and tribometry. The results demonstrate that the TiO2 layer effectively mitigates UV-induced damage, preserving the DLC film’s integrity and tribological performance even after 408 h of UV aging. Specifically, the DLC/TiO2 coatings maintained lower roughness, higher hardness, and better adhesion than DLC-only coatings under identical conditions. This research significantly advances protective coating technology by enhancing the durability and performance of DLC films, particularly in aerospace and other demanding industries where exposure to UV radiation is a critical concern.
Tribological Properties and Surface Wettability of Coatings Produced on the Mg-AZ31B Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Authors: Niedźwiedź Mateusz , Bara Marek , Korzekwa Joanna , Kaptacz Sławomir , Sowa Maciej , Olesiński Aleksander , Simka Wojciech
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the influence of plasma electrolytic oxidation parameters (peak current density, process time, pulse frequency) on the tribological properties and surface wettability of the produced coatings. The process parameters were selected in accordance with Hartley’s research plan for three input variables with three variable values. Oxide coatings were made on the AZ31B magnesium alloy using a trapezoidal voltage waveform and a two-component alkaline electrolyte. The tribological properties of the coatings were determined as a result of tribological tests carried out on the T-17 tester in reciprocating motion. The tribological partner for the coatings was a PEEK/HPV pin. As a result of tribological tests, the friction coefficient µ, the mass wear of the pin and the average change in sample mass were determined. The tests showed changes in both the friction coefficient and pin wear. Before and after tribological tests, profilographometric measurements of the coatings were performed. The tests allowed for the determination of roughness parameters and the load–bearing curve of the sample surfaces. Surface wettability tests were carried out by determining the contact angles.
Research Progress on the Preparation Process and Material Structure of 3D-Printed Dental Implants and Their Clinical Applications
Authors: Gao Jingjing , Pan Yang , Gao Yuting , Pang Hanyu , Sun Haichuan , Cheng Lijia , Liu Juan
Published: June 2024

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing technology, has become a prominent topic of research globally in recent years and is playing an increasingly important role in various industries. Particularly within the healthcare sector, the use of 3D printing technology is gaining prominence, with a special focus on the manufacturing and application of dental implants. As research in this field progresses, the preparation methods, material selection, and technological innovations for dental implants are evolving, promising a future where the manufacturing process of dental implants becomes even more refined and efficient. Through thorough research in materials science, it is possible to develop dental implant materials that have better biocompatibility with the human body and improved mechanical properties. Additionally, advancements in surface modification technology can further enhance the strength and stability of the bond between dental implants and bone tissue. These advancements not only expand treatment options for patients but also greatly improve the long-term success rate of dental implants. In the field of dental implants, the success of the implant depends on the interactions between the materials used, the cells involved, and the bone tissue. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the molecular mechanisms of such interactions in depth. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of the application of 3D printing technology in the fabrication of dental implants. This includes an examination of the process methods, surface coating technology, and a comparison of the shapes and structures of different dental implants, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the intrinsic mechanisms of successful dental implant placement in clinical practice, and it highlights the latest progress in the clinical application of 3D-printed dental implants. Undeniably, the use of 3D-printed dental implants not only offers patients more precise and personalized treatment plans but also brings revolutionary changes to the development of the medical industry.
Preparation and Performance of a Cr/CrN/TiAlCN Composite Coating on a GCr15 Bearing Steel Surface
Authors: Yan Nu , Zhu Ziyun , Cheng Yuchuan , Liu Fang , Shen Min , Li Hongjun
Published: June 2024

In order to enhance the surface properties of GCr15 bearing steel, a TiAlCN coating with a low friction coefficient, high hardness, and excellent adhesion was fabricated. The TiAlCN multilayer coating was deposited onto the GCr15 bearing steel surface using magnetron sputtering technology, and optimal coating parameters were achieved by adjusting the number of layers, sputtering power of the graphite target, and coating duration. The experimental results showed that adding Cr/CrN as a transition layer between GCr15 bearing steel and TiAlCN significantly improved multiple properties of the coating. Adding carbon atoms caused TiAlN to dissolve into a TiAlCN structure, enhancing multiple properties of the coating. With the increase in the sputtering power of the graphite target material, the hardness, friction, and wear performance of the coating showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The hardness of the coating gradually increased with time, and the friction coefficient and wear amount first decreased and then increased. When the sputtering power of the graphite target material was 100 W and the coating time was 4800 s, the coating performance was optimal. The hardness was 876 HV, the friction coefficient was 0.42, the wear amount was 1 × 10−4 g, and the wear rate was 2.8 × 10−6 g/m·N under optimal process parameter conditions.
Screening of Omicron Virus Strain by Quantifying the Spike Protein Content
Authors: He Zhenyu , Chang Hengzhen , Wang Yichuan , Xie Siman , Liu Yingwei , Zhao Yuxiu , Li Na , Zhang Yuntao
Published: June 2024

In the development of an inactivated virus vaccine, the isolation of a single virus strain plays a key role in determining potency. The conventional methods of quantification of virus number are mainly based on virus titers, which are subjective and time-consuming, especially in the early stage of virus isolation, in which the titer difference is weak. Previous reports have shown a high correlation between the spike protein and the potency of COVID-19 vaccines. In this paper, we report a novel, fast, and convenient method of screening an Omicron virus strain by quantifying the spike protein content, where the isolated strain shows high affinity to Omicron-specific antibodies and a high titer, and it can induce high levels of neutralization antibodies.
Design, Manufacturing, Microstructure, and Surface Properties of Brazed Co-Based Composite Coatings Reinforced with Tungsten Carbide Particles
Authors: Uțu Ion-Dragoș , Anghel (Petculescu) Iasmina-Mădălina , Hulka Iosif , Marginean Gabriela
Published: June 2024

Brazing is a joining process that involves melting a filler metal and flowing it into the joint between two closely fitting parts. While brazing is primarily used for joining metals, it can also be adapted for certain coating deposition applications. The present study investigates the microstructure and corrosion behavior and sliding wear resistance of WC (Tungsten Carbide)-CoCr-Ni reinforced Co-based composite coatings deposited onto the surface of AISI 904L stainless steel using a vacuum brazing method. The primary objective of this experimental work was to evaluate the influence of WC-based particles added to the microstructure and the properties of the brazed Co composite coating. The focus was on enhancing the sliding wear resistance of the coatings while ensuring that their corrosion resistance in chloride media was not adversely affected. The morphology and microstructure of the composite coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and phase identification by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM analysis revealed in the coating the presence of intermetallic compounds and carbides, which increase the hardness of the material. The sliding wear resistance was assessed using the pin-on-disk method, and the corrosion properties were determined using electrochemical measurements. The results obtained showed that as the WC particle ratio in the Co-based composite coating increased, the mechanical properties improved, the alloy became harder, and the tribological properties were improved. The evaluation of the electrochemical tests revealed no significant alterations of the manufactured composite in comparison with the Co-based alloys. In all cases, the corrosion behavior was better compared with that of the stainless-steel substrate.
A Systematic Analysis of the Mediterranean Sea (IHO Sea Area) in the WRiMS Database
Authors: Slišković Merica , Gudelj Anita , Piria Marina
Published: June 2024

The invasion of non-native species (NNS) is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity loss and represents a major problem in the Mediterranean Sea. Although many recent EU policies and directives address this problem and numerous scientific papers have been published, the available data remains scattered and incomplete. In 2021, the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS), a newly established database, was launched but has not yet undergone systematic analysis. This study performed a thorough examination of the NNS documented in the WRiMS database within the Mediterranean Sea (International Hydrographic Organization Sea Area). Our findings revealed that the majority of species in the WRiMS database for the Mediterranean are classified as “unspecified” or “uncertain”, with only 79 species labeled as “invasive” and 13 as “of concern”. The number of recorded animal species exceeds that of plants, and most species belong to the phyla Chordata and Mollusca. Callinectes sapidus and Fistularia commersonii were the most frequently recorded species in the WRiMS for the Mediterranean. Although there exists some data on the impact of NNS and the vectors of their introduction, the information remains incomplete and requires further scientific research. The synthesized and summarized data in the supplement can be valuable input for a range of management decisions and for guiding further scientific research concerning NNS invasions in the Mediterranean Sea.
Enhancement of Dairy Cow Milk Quality with Probiotic and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation
Authors: Mozart Gabriela G. , Köptcke Felipe B. N. , Pinto Leonardo A. , Moebus Victor F. , Tamy Wagner P. , Aronovich Marcos , Keller Luiz A. M.
Published: June 2024

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient crucial in various metabolic processes. Dairy production is continually expanding and can supplement the population of regions with low Se. Adding live yeast concentrate (LYC) to cows’ diets can influence milk production, composition, and quality by modulating ruminal microbiota, resulting in increased milk yield and improved nutritional content. This study aimed to assess the enrichment of milk with selenite LYC for a subsequent increase in quality and production in supplemented lactating cows. Twenty-six cows were separated into three groups supplemented with different concentrations of Se for 15 days and different concentrations of LYC (Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 108 CFU g−1). The animals were divided into the following groups with the proposed treatments: Treatment 1 (T1) Control Group with just dry matter intake (DMI); Treatment 2 (T2) DMI + 0.3 mg kg−1 DMI of inorganic selenium + live yeast concentrate (LYC); Treatment 3 (T3) DMI + 0.6 mg kg−1 DMI of inorganic selenium + LYC. The milk was evaluated using physical–chemical, microbiologic, and toxicologic parameters according to Brazilian legislation. The addition of Se and yeast did not alter milk production; however, the application did lead to an increase in milk fat concentration compared with the control group, and no significant variations were observed in other physical–chemical parameters. Regarding the microbiological and toxicological analyses, all the samples presented satisfactory hygienic and sanitary conditions. The Somatic Cells Count from all treatments remained below 500,000 somatic cells mL−1, representing a positive effect of Se. The milk Se content was expected in residual form with the organic selenium being the more bioavailable form throughout the processing chain. The supplementation yielded results similar to those in the literature, highlighting the potential for customized technology and processes in dairy farming in ways that improve production, quality, and sanitation.
Optimising Lead–Air Battery Performance through Innovative Open-Cell Foam Anodes
Authors: Hassein-Bey Amel Hind , Belhadj Abd-Elmouneïm , Toumi Selma , Tahraoui Hichem , Kebir Mohammed , Amrane Abdeltif , Chebli Derradji , Bouguettoucha Abdallah , Zamouche Meriem , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2024

In the dynamic realm of sustainable energy storage technologies, the global research landscape presents myriad scientific and economic challenges. The erratic growth of renewable energies alongside the phasing out of conventional power plants poses a significant hurdle in maintaining a stable balance between energy supply and demand. Consequently, energy storage solutions play a pivotal role in mitigating substantial fluctuations in demand. Metal–air batteries, distinguished by their superior energy density and enhanced safety profile compared to other storage devices, emerge as promising solutions. Leveraging the well-established lead–acid battery technology, this study introduces a novel approach utilising open-cell foam manufactured through the Excess Salt Replication process as an anode for lead–air battery cells. This innovation not only conserves lead but also reduces battery weight. By employing a 25% antimonial lead alloy, open-cell foams with diameters ranging from 2 mm to 5 mm were fabricated for the antimonial lead–air battery. Preliminary findings suggest that the effective electrical conductivity of primary battery cells, measured experimentally, surpasses that of cells composed of the same dense, non-porous antimonial lead alloy. This improvement is primarily attributed to their extensive specific surface area, facilitating oxidation–reduction reactions. A correlation between effective electrical conductivity and cell diameter is established, indicating optimal conductivity achieved with a 5 mm cell diameter. These results underscore the feasibility of implementing such an electrical system.
Printed Primary Battery in a Rolled-Up Form Factor
Authors: Willert Andreas , Voigt Sven , Zschau Tobias , Zichner Ralf
Published: June 2024

In battery systems, there are several established form factors targeting mass market applications, like D, C, AA, AAA series, lithium round cells, and coin cells. Besides these standardized batteries, in printed electronics, there are several approaches to realize flat batteries of different material systems fabricating primary and secondary battery types. For a dedicated application in agriculture, a sensor system requires a degradable primary battery. In this paper, the development of a dedicated zinc–carbon battery is described, supplying the sensor application with 4.5 Vnom. The battery has a 170 mm length and a 23 mm outer diameter. while the inner core is open for the antenna system of the application. The active area is up to 161 cm2. The design and manufacturing aspects are described. The rolled-up battery system is fully charged after manufacturing and ready to operate. It may remain inside the degradable sensor system after use in the field.
Reproducibility of Portable OCT and Comparison with Conventional OCT
Authors: Nakamura Marie , Hirano Takao , Chiku Yoshiaki , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Miyasaka Hideki , Kakihara Shinji , Hoshiyama Ken , Murata Toshinori
Published: June 2024

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an indispensable instrument in ophthalmology; however, some facilities lack permanent OCT devices. ACT100, a portable SD-OCT system, allows for medical examinations at hospitals that do not have OCT and house calls. We investigated the usefulness of ACT100 by examining the reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements in 35 healthy participants with normal eyes using ACT100 and Cirrus. Using two OCTs, the OCT imaging of both eyes of each subject was performed. Macular retinal thickness was evaluated using the average value in nine lesions of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) circle. Both models captured images in all cases. In the right eye, mean retinal thickness was significantly lower than in the ACT100 group in all regions; however, the measured values correlated well. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed the same high reliability as the Cirrus. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of both models showed little variation and high stability; however, the CV of ACT100 was significantly higher. The left eye was almost identical. Macular retinal thickness measured using ACT100 showed slightly greater variability than that by Cirrus; the reproducibility was good and correlated well with that of Cirrus. This technique is a suitable alternative to conventional OCT.
Fear of Food in Gastrointestinal Disease: A Framework Based on the Interpreted Experiences of Adults with Diverticular Disease
Authors: Marshall Skye , Eberhardt Fiona , Dalwood Phoebe , Crichton Megan , Tang Xueying , Canavan Russell , Reidlinger Dianne P.
Published: June 2024

The patient voice is missing from the evidence regarding the dietary management of diverticular disease. This study aimed to determine the patient experiences of imposed dietary restrictions during the medical treatment of acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis. An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis methodology guided participant selection, data collection, and the data analysis of a qualitative interview study. Four interviews were conducted with adults admitted to hospital with acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis. Six themes were interpreted. Five themes were found to inter-relate as a cycle, which was embedded within a driving theme of ‘corrupted diet-disease knowledge of patients, family, and healthcare providers’. The cycle commenced with a theme of ‘fear of food’, which was followed by the theme of an ‘internal locus of control with rigid constraint’. ‘Loss of culture and social stigma’ ensued, which led to ‘vulnerability amid self-perceived failure’, and finally ‘overshadowed psychological pain’. The cycle recommenced with a renewed fear of food. The thematic phenomenon of the ‘Fear of Food in Gastrointestinal Disease Framework’ was developed. Adults with diverticular disease and at least one hospitalisation for acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis were interpreted to experience a cyclical thematic phenomenon represented by the ‘Fear of Food in Gastrointestinal Disease Framework’. Further qualitative research is required to evaluate the transferability of the framework to other conditions.
Aerodynamic Hinge Moment Characteristics of Pitch-Regulated Mechanism for Mars Rotorcraft: Investigation and Experiments
Authors: Meng Qingkai , Hu Yu , Wei Wei , Yao Zhaopu , Ke Zhifang , Zhang Haitao , Zhao Molei , Yan Qingdong
Published: June 2024

The precise regulation of the hinge moment and pitch angle driven by the pitch-regulated mechanism is crucial for modulating thrust requirements and ensuring stable attitude control in Martian coaxial rotorcraft. Nonetheless, the aerodynamic hinge moment in rotorcraft presents time-dependent dynamic properties, posing significant challenges for accurate measurement and assessment for such characteristics. In this study, we delve into the detailed aerodynamic hinge moment characteristics associated with the pitch-regulated mechanism of Mars rotorcraft under a spectrum of control strategies. A robust computational fluid dynamics model was developed to simulate the rotor’s aerodynamic loads, accompanied by a quantitative hinge moment characterization that takes into account the effects of varying rotor speeds and pitch angles. Our investigation yielded a thorough understanding of the interplay between aerodynamic load behavior and rotor surface pressure distributions, leading to the creation of an empirical mapping model for hinge moments. To validate our findings, we engineered a specialized test apparatus capable of measuring the hinge moments of the pitch-regulated mechanism, facilitating empirical assessments under replicated atmospheric conditions of both Earth and Mars. The result indicates aerodynamic hinge moments depend nonlinearly on rotational speed, peaking at a 0° pitch angle and showing minimal sensitivity to pitch under 0°. Above 0°, hinge moments decrease, reaching a minimum at 15° before rising again. Simulation and experimental comparisons demonstrate that under Earth conditions, the aerodynamic performance and hinge moment errors are within 8.54% and 24.90%, respectively. For Mars conditions, errors remain below 11.62%, proving the CFD model’s reliability. This supports its application in the design and optimization of Mars rotorcraft systems, enhancing their flight control through the accurate prediction of aerodynamic hinge moments across various pitch angles and speeds.
Combining Low-Cost UAV Imagery with Machine Learning Classifiers for Accurate Land Use/Land Cover Mapping
Authors: Detsikas Spyridon E. , Petropoulos George P. , Kalogeropoulos Kleomenis , Faraslis Ioannis
Published: June 2024

Land use/land cover (LULC) is a fundamental concept of the Earth’s system intimately connected to many phases of the human and physical environment. LULC mappings has been recently revolutionized by the use of high-resolution imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The present study proposes an innovative approach for obtaining LULC maps using consumer-grade UAV imagery combined with two machine learning classification techniques, namely RF and SVM. The methodology presented herein is tested at a Mediterranean agricultural site located in Greece. The emphasis has been placed on the use of a commercially available, low-cost RGB camera which is a typical consumer’s option available today almost worldwide. The results evidenced the capability of the SVM when combined with low-cost UAV data in obtaining LULC maps at very high spatial resolution. Such information can be of practical value to both farmers and decision-makers in reaching the most appropriate decisions in this regard.
International Emergency Responses: Harmonizing Data Security and Protection Standards for Emergency Medical Teams
Authors: Scholtz Andreas , Harms Harm-Bastian , Neumuth Thomas
Published: June 2024

Emergency medical teams (EMTs) often face complex tasks during humanitarian medical interventions. These are often accompanied by complex challenges. One such example is medical documentation and the consequent processing of secure data. The gathered data contain sensitive personal and medical information and are thus confidential. This is problematic as entities outside of the EMT unit sometimes request (parts of) these data. Such entities could be local administrative and coordinating bodies, governmental agencies, or international organizations. The mentioned data serve as the cornerstone for later decision-making processes and interventions. Furthermore, regulations are in place that govern medical procedures. However, the protocols in place for managing and protecting health data are not defined. This leaves stakeholders, such as EMTs, with inherent uncertainties about data handling. Thus, there is a need for interdisciplinary discourse to find adequate solutions. EMTs must focus on establishing robust data protection mechanisms. These need to be resilient, even under severe operational constraints. Contrary to medical care, a standardized regulatory framework for data protection is absent. This allows for the existence of key players, such as the WHO (World Health Organization) and ministries. The legal permissibility for the future use of these sensitive data remains undefined. This raises questions about balancing information for retrospective analysis and the preservation of privacy rights. This article discusses governance structures during EMT operations, which outline codes of conduct (CoC) on data security and protection. Additionally, it will make recommendations for the practical implementation of these codes. The aim is to harmonize and standardize practices across the board.
The Tale of Two Economies: Inflationary Dynamics in the Euro Area and the US in the Context of Uncertainty
Authors: Collignon Stefan
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the global economy has been hit by a sequence of severe shocks that affected the two largest economies, the USA and the Euro Area, severely. Uncertainties about the future abound. While the challenges are similar for both economies and the policy tools resemble each other, they apply to different economic landscapes. What can they learn from each other? This paper looks at the basic structural facts, the nature of uncertainty shocks, and the efficiency of policy tools in the two economies. The key to understanding recent developments is uncertainty. This paper argues that the channel through which uncertainty influences inflation, wage cost, and unemployment is the markup firms charge to cover their cost of capital. While the measurements of uncertainty are uncertain, adding a proxy for uncertainty can improve the estimates of the basic New Keynesian model. The Federal Reserve Bank has been more successful because it operates in a more integrated capital market. In the Euro Area, uncertainty is higher than in the US and this could make disinflation in Europe more painful in terms of unemployment.
Measuring Chinese English as a Foreign Language Learners’ Self-Efficacy in Vocabulary Learning: Instrument Development and Validation
Authors: Li Jiajing , Wang Chuang
Published: June 2024

Vocabulary is paramount to the successful learning of a foreign language; however, students’ self-efficacy in learning vocabulary has been given scarce attention. This article reports the process of the development and validation of the Questionnaire of English Vocabulary Learning Self-Efficacy (SEVL) for Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. Data were collected from 439 senior secondary students. Evidence for the psychometric properties of the SEVL is presented. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ensured the internal consistency of the students’ responses to the SEVL model. Then, four aspects of construct validity were identified, including the content, structural, external, and generalizability aspects. The SEVL can serve as an evaluation tool to capture EFL learners’ vocabulary learning self-efficacy and as a research tool to gauge the associations between vocabulary learning self-efficacy and other achievement-related outcomes.
Bridging the Gap: An Epistemic Logical Model for Analysing Students’ Argumentation and Proof in Mathematics Education Research
Authors: Asenova Miglena
Published: June 2024

In this theoretical paper, an epistemic logical model for analysis of students’ argumentation and proof processes is presented. The model is conceived as a methodological tool addressed to the researcher in mathematics education that aims to shed light on the relations between argumentation and proof, highlighting the continuities and discontinuities within and between them. It reconciles the epistemic logic approach, which takes into account the exploratory phases of a statement, linked to argumentative processes, and the deductive logic approach, which takes into account the phases linked to proof in a classical sense. The model is based on Vergnaud’s concepts- and theorems-in-action, on Duval’s distinction between the epistemic and logical value of verbalised propositions, and on elements of Oostra’s intuitionistic existential graphs, a kind of graphical topological logic rooted in Peircean thought, adapted to mathematics education research by considering also shifts in the classical existential graphs. After exposing the theoretical grounding the model is based on, some examples taken from the literature are examined to exemplify how it works.
Enhancing Teamwork and Collaboration: A Systematic Review of Algorithm-Supported Pedagogical Methods
Authors: Wang Xunan , Song Ge , Ghannam Rami
Published: June 2024

In today’s interconnected world, teamwork and collaboration are becoming essential competencies across all disciplines. This review examines various pedagogical strategies aimed at nurturing these skills, with a specific focus on integrating algorithms into educational practices. While traditional approaches classify teamwork strategies as either instructor-led or student-led, this review introduces a third method that is based on ML algorithms, which are promising methods for optimizing team composition based on both static and dynamic student characteristics. We investigate the effectiveness of these algorithms in enhancing collaborative learning outcomes compared to conventional grouping methods. In fact, this review synthesizes the findings from 20 key studies on the implementation of these technologies in educational settings, evaluating their impact on learning outcomes, student motivation and overall satisfaction. Our findings suggest that computer-enhanced strategies not only improve the academic and collaborative experience but also pave the way for more personalized and dynamic educational environments. This review aims to provide educators and curriculum developers with comprehensive insights into leveraging advanced computational tools to foster effective teamwork and interdisciplinary collaboration, thereby enhancing the overall quality of education and preparing students for the collaborative demands of the professional world.
Sustainable Growth of Transversal Competencies: Exploring the Competence Relationships among University Students
Authors: Rubene Zanda , Dimdins Girts , Miltuze Anika
Published: June 2024

The development of transversal competencies, in interaction with professional competencies, is essential for individuals to adapt to change and live meaningful and productive lives. The aim of this study was to explore the mutual interaction of six transversal competencies—civic, digital, entrepreneurial, global, innovation, and research, as well as their respective sub-competencies—and propose possible approaches to how this dynamic of interaction can be applied to facilitate the development of transversal competencies. A sample of students (N = 1575) from 21 universities in Latvia completed a self-assessment survey evaluating multiple behavioural indicators for each transversal competence and sub-competence. The results revealed that civic competence was evaluated significantly lower than other competencies, and, for most transversal competencies, sub-competencies associated with active and systematic collaboration and networking received lower evaluations. A network analysis showed that the community involvement sub-competence of the civic competence and the initiative and critical thinking sub-competencies of the innovation competence had the strongest links to the other measured sub-competencies on average. The results suggest that the development of initiative and cooperation-and-collaboration-related and network-building skills are likely to have a systematic positive effect on the development of a wider set of transversal competencies and the professional autonomy of students in the long term.
A Bibliometric Study on Mathematics Anxiety in Primary Education
Authors: Sagarduy Ainhoa , Arrieta Nikole , Antón Alvaro
Published: June 2024

Mathematics anxiety, stemming from negative perceptions and feelings of tension among students, significantly impacts academic outcomes and attitudes at all ages, starting from Primary Education. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the existing scientific literature on mathematics anxiety in this context. A bibliometric analysis was developed using the Core Collection of the Web of Science database, resulting in 360 scientific publications. The distribution of publications by journal, institution, country, and authorship, as well as the temporal evolution of them and the co-occurrence of keywords, was analysed and visualised through the SciMAT and VosViewer software. Findings reveal a growing interest in mathematics anxiety within the scientific community, particularly concerning its correlation with gender stereotypes and students’ mathematical perceptions at the primary level. Moreover, the distribution of publications highlights the United States as the primary contributor to this research, with a notable majority of distinguished female authors.