bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Synthesis of Au‐Nps using Cassia fistula Flower Extract and Studies of their Protein Interaction
Authors: Parrey Sajjad Hussain , Ud Din Parray Mehraj , Manoharadas Salim , Altaf Mohammad , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Badjah Hadj Ahmed Yacine M. , Patel Rajan , Ahmad Rabia , Khan Abbul Bashar
Published: October 2022

Gold nanoparticles (Au‐Nps) were synthesized by mediating Cassia fistula flower extract (CFFE) as reducing agent in absence and presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for the first time. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at around 550 nm was used for preliminary inference in the development of nanoparticles (Nps). With the increase in [SDS] the λSPR rises from 548 to 585 nm but the intensity of absorption decreased from pre to post cmc [SDS]. The Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) was performed in absence and presence of SDS in order to ascertain the biomimetic reduction by CFFE and explain the bio‐reduction of (Au3+) ions from the HAuCl4. For the preliminary size and dispersity of Au‐Nps dynamic light scattering (DLS) was performed to observe the shape and crystallite size of Au‐Nps,transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed which revealed multiple shapes and dispersity in the different conditions under which the synthesis was carried out. The synthesis was kinetically scanned by UV‐visible spectroscopy that led to the assumption of pseudo first order kinetics with respect to HAuCl4 and CFFE reagents. The NPs were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity and crystallite size. The protein interaction studies of Au‐Nps with rabbit serum albumin (RSA) in absence and presence of SDS were accomplished by using UV‐visible spectroscopy, DLS and fluorescence spectroscopy etc, that confirmed the denaturing and aggregation of the RSA protein in presence of SDS.
Small Molecule Passivation Leading to Efficient Hole Transport Layer‐Free Sn–Pb Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells with High Open‐Circuit Voltage
Authors: Hu Hang , Zhang Jiyao , Huang Yulan , Wang Deng , Li Dongyang , Chen Jiabang , Wu Jiawen , Zhang Luozheng , Zhou Xianyong , Hu Bihua , Wang Xingzhu , Ouyang Jianyong , Xu Baomin
Published: October 2022

There have been a number of remarkable signs of progress achieved in tin–lead mixed narrow‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to the high theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) and their promising application in tandem devices. Indeed, Sn–Pb mixed PSCs without a hole transport layer (HTL) also have been more attractive owing to lower cost and simplification of the device structure. However, the defects in perovskite film introduced by Sn2+ oxidation severely restrict device efficiency and stability.Herein, a small organic molecule, 4,4'‐sulfonyldiphenol, is employed to passivate perovskite (Eg = 1.26 eV) surface to decrease the interfacial defects and suppress the nonradiative carrier recombination. Furthermore, by regulating energy‐level alignment, charge carrier extraction is greatly facilitated. The device performance is significantly enhanced in that the champion PCE is enlarged to 21.43% with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.876 V from only 18.02% with a Voc of 0.770 V. The stability of unencapsulated devices is improved substantially as well while retaining 80% PCE of its initial value after being stored in the glovebox for around 600 h. This facile but highly effective strategy successfully proposes the promising development of HTL‐free Sn–Pb mixed PSCs.
Should greyhound racing be banned?
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: October 2022

Georgina Mills reports on a change of tack from welfare charities that want greyhound racing to be banned for good.
Necessary support
Authors: Read Claire
Published: October 2022

A survey found one in 10 women had left work because of symptoms caused by the menopause. As World Menopause Awareness Month continues, Laura Black of Vets Now says it's crucial to introduce support to avoid losing expertise from the workforce. Claire Read reports.
Hybrid roles: a different start to a veterinary career
Authors: Blount Lucy , Moss Rosanna
Published: October 2022

Lucy Blount and Rosanna Moss have chosen to begin their veterinary careers working as novice official veterinarians in veterinary public health alongside a role in clinical practice.
Branched SL(2,ℤ) duality
Authors: Bergshoeff Eric A. , Grosvenor Kevin T. , Lahnsteiner Johannes , Yan Ziqi , Zorba Utku
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We investigate how SL(2,ℤ) duality is realized in nonrelativistic type IIB superstring theory, which is a self-contained corner of relativistic string theory. Within this corner, we realize manifestly SL(2,ℤ)-invariant (p, q)-string actions. The construction of these actions imposes a branching between strings of opposite charges associated with the two-form fields. The branch point is determined by these charges and the axion background field. Both branches must be incorporated in order to realize the full SL(2,ℤ) group. Besides these string actions, we also construct D-instanton and D3-brane actions that manifestly realize the branched SL(2,ℤ) symmetry.
Towards analytic structure of Feynman parameter integrals with rational curves
Authors: Gong Jianyu , Yuan Ellis Ye
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We propose a strategy to study the analytic structure of Feynman parameter integrals where singularities of the integrand consist of rational irreducible components. At the core of this strategy is the identification of a selected stratum of discontinuities induced from the integral, together with a geometric method for computing their singularities on the principal sheet. For integrals that yield multiple polylogarithms we expect the data collected in this strategy to be sufficient for the construction of their symbols. We motivate this analysis by the Aomoto polylogarithms, and further check its validity and illustrate technical details using examples with quadric integrand singularities (which the one-loop Feynman integrals belong to). Generalizations to higher-loop integrals are commented at the end.
QED in $$ \overline{B} $$ → $$ \overline{K} $$ℓ+ℓ− LFU ratios: theory versus experiment, a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Isidori Gino , Lancierini Davide , Nabeebaccus Saad , Zwicky Roman
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Using analytic results obtained in a meson effective theory, that includes all infrared sensitive logs, we build a dedicated Monte Carlo framework to describe QED corrections in $$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

→$$ \overline{K} $$

K
¯

ℓ+ℓ− for a generic form factor. For the neutral mode $$ {\overline{B}}^0 $$

B
¯

0

→$$ {\overline{K}}^0 $$

K
¯

0

ℓ+ℓ−, we perform a detailed numerical comparison versus those obtained with the general-purpose photon-shower tool PHOTOS. The comparison indicates a good agreement, at the few per-mil level, when focusing on the rare mode only. In addition, our framework allows us to investigate the impact of the charmonium resonances. Interference effects, not described by PHOTOS in the experimental analysis, are found to be small in the dilepton invariant mass region q2< 6GeV2, which is used to determine $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

. Using a semi-analytic framework we assess the full, rare and resonant, mode. Based thereupon, we discuss strategies to check the subtraction of the resonant mode, which has a sizeable impact at q2 ≈ 6GeV2 in the electron mode.
On the topological dynamics of automorphism groups: a model-theoretic perspective
Authors: Krupiński Krzysztof , Pillay Anand
Published: October 2022

We give a model-theoretic treatment of the fundamental results of Kechris-Pestov-Todorčević theory in the more general context of automorphism groups of not necessarily countable structures. One of the main points is a description of the universal ambit as a certain space of types in an expanded language. Using this, we recover results of Kechris et al. (Funct Anal 15:106–189, 2005), Moore (Fund Math 220:263–280, 2013), Ngyuen Van Thé (Fund Math 222: 19–47, 2013), in the context of automorphism groups of not necessarily countable structures, as well as Zucker (Trans Am Math Soc 368, 6715–6740, 2016).
Can PD-L1 expression be predicted by contrast-enhanced CT in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma? a preliminary retrospective study
Authors: Gu Xiaolong , Yu Xianbo , Shi Gaofeng , Li Yang , Yang Li
Published: October 2022

Background

This study aimed to construct a computed tomography (CT) radiomics model to predict programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in gastric adenocarcinoma patients using radiomics features.

Methods

A total of 169 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were studied retrospectively and randomly divided into training and testing datasets. The clinical data of the patients were recorded. Radiomics features were extracted to construct a radiomics model. The random forest-based Boruta algorithm was used to screen the features of the training dataset. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.

Results

Four radiomics features were selected to construct a radiomics model. The radiomics signature showed good efficacy in predicting PD-L1 expression, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.786 (p < 0.001), a sensitivity of 0.681, and a specificity of 0.826. The radiomics model achieved the greatest areas under the curve (AUCs) in the training dataset (AUC = 0.786) and testing dataset (AUC = 0.774). The calibration curves of the radiomics model showed great calibration performances outcomes in the training dataset and testing dataset. The net clinical benefit for the radiomics model was high.

Conclusion

CT radiomics has important value in predicting the expression of PD-L1 in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
Systematic study on nail plate assessment: differences in nail plate shape, thickness, power Doppler signal and scanning approach
Authors: Bellinato Francesco , Gisondi Paolo , Filippucci Emilio , Tozzi Francesca , Fassio Angelo , Adami Giovanni , Idolazzi Luca
Published: October 2022

Ultrasonography (US) of the nail is raising interest in the last years and its feasibility, quickness and amount of descriptive data may provide valuable information. Different authors presented several scanning approaches to nail complex in different pathological conditions, such as psoriasis, but no scanning protocol was ever proposed using healthy subjects as population of reference. The aim of the study was to establish a protocol for the US of nail plate and to assess whether the measurement of the nail plate is influenced by longitudinal vs transverse scan, sex, digit and hand dominance. Using high frequency probe and a Canon Aplio i800 machine, ultrasonographers took scans of nail plates of the hands from healthy subjects. Nail plate shape, thickness and power Doppler signal (PDUS) were evaluated and scans were taken both on longitudinal and transverse axis, at distal, middle and proximal portion of the nail plate or at a fixed angles of − 45°, 0° or + 45°. All the images were then revised and scored using a DICOM software, in order to allow good standards of accuracy and reproducibility. A total of 27 subjects (14 females and 13 males) were assessed. The measures did not result to differ in different portions or angles. Furthermore, no difference appears in sex or dominant vs not dominant hand. A decreasing and significant trend for nail plate thickness was found from the first to the fifth finger. Doppler signal was found in all but one subjects, with a range from almost absent to very evident. No difference was found between groups regarding PDUS. The data provided suggest that a proper scan protocol should include all the nails and evaluation should be done both on longitudinal and transverse axis. Since Doppler signal is highly variable in healthy subjects, its presence should be carefully considered as pathological finding. Observations provided by this study clarify important points of the scanning technique and solve doubts related to which nails should be scanned and where to evaluate quantitative parameters.
Influence of short-term face mask wear on semiautomatically measured tear film parameters in dry eye patients and healthy volunteers
Authors: Schargus Marc , Zimzik E. M. , Fuhrmann L. , Geerling G.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The use of face masks has been proposed to cause or exacerbate the symptoms of dry eye disease (DED), which has been widely discussed under the term mask-associated dry eye (MADE). However, no studies have systematically investigated tear film parameters during the use of different face masks. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate clinically relevant parameters of the tear film before and during the short-time use of face masks in dry and normal eyes.

Methods

In a prospective study, the tear film parameters of 42 DED patients and 42 healthy volunteers were examined while wearing different types of face masks in a randomized order. This included measurements of non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, and bulbar redness after 30 min of wearing no mask, a surgical face mask or an FFP2/K95 mask. The equivalence of the means was assessed using the two one-sidedt-test (TOST) method.

Results

In healthy volunteers’ lipid layer thickness, NIBUT and tear meniscus height were not significantly altered by 30 min of surgical or FFP2 mask wear (p > 0.016). The use of either type of mask was significantly associated with decreased bulbar redness (p < 0.001) in healthy eyes. In patients with DED, none of the tear film parameters or bulbar redness were significantly altered by 30 min of mask wear (p > 0.016).

Conclusions

Based on these results, the short-term wearing of face masks, regardless of type, did not produce a significant difference in tear film parameters of lipid layer thickness, NIBUT, and tear meniscus in healthy or dry eyes, while bulbar redness was reduced after mask wear only in healthy volunteers.
Validation of a non-linear index of heart rate variability to determine aerobic and anaerobic thresholds during incremental cycling exercise in women
Authors: Schaffarczyk Marcelle , Rogers Bruce , Reer Rüdiger , Gronwald Thomas
Published: October 2022

Studies highlight the usage of non-linear time series analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) using the short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA-alpha1) during exercise to determine aerobic and anaerobic thresholds. The present study aims to further verify this approach in women. Gas exchange and HRV data were collected from 26 female participants with different activity levels. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) at first (VT1) and second ventilatory thresholds (VT2) were compared with DFA-alpha1-based thresholds 0.75 (HRVT1) and 0.50 (HRVT2). Results: VO2 at VT1 and VT2 were 25.2 ml/kg/min (± 2.8) and 31.5 ml/kg/min (± 3.6) compared with 26.5 ml/kg/min (± 4.0) and 31.9 ml/kg/min (± 4.5) for HRVT1 and HRVT2, respectively (ICC3,1 = 0.77, 0.84; r = 0.81, 0.86, p < 0.001). The mean HR at VT1 was 147 bpm (± 15.6) and 167 bpm (± 12.7) for VT2, compared with 152 bpm (± 15.5) and 166 bpm (± 13.2) for HRVT1 and HRVT2, respectively (ICC3,1 = 0.87, 0.90; r = 0.87, 0.90, p < 0.001). Bland–Altman analysis for VT1 vs. HRVT1 showed a mean difference of − 1.3 ml/kg/min (± 2.4; LoA: 3.3, − 6.0 ml/kg/min) for VO2 and of − 4.7 bpm (± 7.8; LoA: 10.6, − 20.0 bpm) for HR. VT2 vs. HRVT2 showed a mean difference of − 0.4 ml/kg/min (± 2.3; LoA: 4.1, − 4.9 ml/kg/min) for VO2 and 0.5 bpm (± 5.7; LoA: 11.8, − 10.8 bpm) for HR. DFA-alpha1-based thresholds showed good agreement with traditionally used thresholds and could be used as an alternative approach for marking organismic transition zones for intensity distribution in women.
Effect of Heating and Cooling Rates on the Microstructure of a Double Soaked Medium-manganese Al-alloyed Steel
Authors: Kozłowska Aleksandra , Morawiec Mateusz , Petrov Roumen H. , Grajcar Adam
Published: October 2022

This contribution addresses the effect of heating and cooling rates on the microstructure of a double soaked medium-Mn 0.16C-5 Mn‑1.6Al‑0.2Si steel with an increased Al addition. The obtained results show that the differences in applied heating and cooling rates have a small effect on the microstructure of the investigated steel. Some differences in the dilatometer response during final cooling to room temperature were noted. Moreover, some changes in the fraction of retained austenite at particular heating/cooling variants were identified using the XRD method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and dilatometry were applied to investigate microstructural changes, which occurred during second annealing step in the intercritical temperature range.
Incidence and risk factors for suicidal ideation in a sample of Chinese patients with mixed cancer types
Authors: Lai Qianlin , Huang Hong , Zhu Yinting , Shu Siwei , Chen Yaner , Luo Yuanyuan , Zhang Lili , Yang Zhihui
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Suicidal ideation (SI) is often overlooked as a risk factor for people with cancer. Because it is often a precursor for suicidal behavior, it is critical to identify and address SI in a timely manner. This study investigated SI incidence and risk factors in a cohort of Chinese patients with mixed cancer types.

Methods

Data from this cross-sectional study were collected from 588 patients receiving medical therapy for tumors at Nanfang Hospital and the Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine at Southern Medical University. SI was measured using the Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS). Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The Chinese version of the Demoralization Scale II (DS-II-C) was used to assess demoralization. Univariate and correlation analyses were used to identify correlative factors of SI and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to characterize potential risk factors.

Results

SI was reported in 24.7% of participants and the SIOSS score was 14.00 (13.00, 15.00) in the SI group. Multiple linear regression results showed that demoralization, medical financial burden, cancer type, living condition, caretaker, working state, residence, gender, and marital status explained 32.1% of the SI in this cohort (F = 28.705, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Approximately one-quarter of cancer patients in this study reported SI influenced by both external and internal factors. Characterizing these factors can be informative for prevention and treatment efforts.
Bidirectional associations of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time with physical function among older English adults: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study
Authors: Yerrakalva Dharani , Hajna Samantha , Wijndaele Katrien , Dempsey Paddy C. , Westgate Kate , Wareham Nick , Griffin Simon J. , Brage Soren
Published: October 2022

To develop healthy ageing interventions, longitudinal associations between objectively assessed physical behaviours and physical function need to be better understood. We assessed associations between accelerometer-assessed total physical activity (PA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary time and prolonged sedentary bout time, and clinically assessed physical function (grip strength, usual walking speed (UWS), chair stand speed) at two time-points in 3188 participants (≥ 60 years) of the EPIC-Norfolk study. Bidirectional associations were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Over an average of 6.1 years, baseline physical behaviours (greater total PA, MVPA and LPA, and less sedentary time) were associated with better subsequent walking and chair stand speed. Better baseline physical function was associated with better follow-up physical behaviours. There were no bidirectional associations between changes in physical behaviours and grip strength. Improvements in UWS were associated with improvements in all physical behaviours. Improvements in chair stand speed were associated with improvements in total PA, MVPA, and sedentary bout time. Improvements in physical behaviours were associated with improvements in UWS (3.1 cm/s/yr per 100 cpm/yr  total PA, 3.6 cm/s/yr per hr/day/yr MVPA, 2.5 cm/s/yr per hr/day/yr LPA, − 2.9 cm/s/yr per hour/day/yr sedentary time, and − 1.6 cm/s/yr per hr/day/yr prolonged sedentary bout time). Only improvements in total PA, MVPA and sedentary bout time were associated with improvements in chair stand speed. In conclusion, we found bidirectional associations between changes in some physical behaviours and physical function and between baseline physical behaviours and subsequent physical function, highlighting the importance of considering the full range of physical behaviours to promote healthy ageing.
Calibration of Cohorts of Virtual Patient Heart Models Using Bayesian History Matching
Authors: Rodero Cristobal , Longobardi Stefano , Augustin Christoph , Strocchi Marina , Plank Gernot , Lamata Pablo , Niederer Steven A.
Published: October 2022

Previous patient-specific model calibration techniques have treated each patient independently, making the methods expensive for large-scale clinical adoption. In this work, we show how we can reuse simulations to accelerate the patient-specific model calibration pipeline. To represent anatomy, we used a Statistical Shape Model and to represent function, we ran electrophysiological simulations. We study the use of 14 biomarkers to calibrate the model, training one Gaussian Process Emulator (GPE) per biomarker. To fit the models, we followed a Bayesian History Matching (BHM) strategy, wherein each iteration a region of the parameter space is ruled out if the emulation with that set of parameter values produces is “implausible”. We found that without running any extra simulations we can find 87.41% of the non-implausible parameter combinations. Moreover, we showed how reducing the uncertainty of the measurements from 10 to 5% can reduce the final parameter space by 6 orders of magnitude. This innovation allows for a model fitting technique, therefore reducing the computational load of future biomedical studies.
Associations between Active Mobility Index and objectively measured physical activity among older adults
Authors: Kurita Satoshi , Doi Takehiko , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Nakakubo Sho , Kiuchi Yuto , Nishimoto Kazuhei , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: October 2022

Background

Active mobility index (AMI) is a questionnaire to assess going-out behavior with physical and social activity. The association between AMI scores and objectively measured physical activity (PA) in older adults is unknown.

Methods

Community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 70 years participated in an examination and wore a triaxial accelerometer for seven or more days. The accelerometer measured the time of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and light intensity PA (LPA), and step counts. The AMI assessed life space (distance from the respondent’s home: < 1, 1–10, or > 10 km) and related activities during the previous month. The AMI total, physical, and social scores were calculated.

Results

The analyzed data were 2499 participants (mean age: 75.5 ± 4.0 years; 54.4% female). Comparing PA among quartile groups of each AMI score, higher AMI total and physical score groups were associated with higher MVPA, LPA, and step counts (all P < 0.01). The Q4 group of AMI social scores showed significantly higher LPA and step counts than the Q1 and Q2 groups (P < 0.01). The logistic regression model showed higher score groups of AMI total and physical scores associated with increased adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of meeting recommended PA, ≥ 150 min/week of MVPA.

Conclusions

Older adults with higher AMI total and physical scores, engaged in more PA. Future studies can use the present findings when estimating PA in older adults from AMI scores and examining the association between AMI scores and health outcomes.
An Efficient Algorithm of Star Subgraph Queries on Urban Traffic Knowledge Graph
Authors: Sun Tao , Xu Jianqiu , Hu Caiping
Published: October 2022

Knowledge graph has wide applications in the field of computer science. In the knowledge service environment, the information is large and explosive, and it is difficult to find knowledge of common phenomena. The urban traffic knowledge graph is a knowledge system that formally describes urban traffic concepts, entities and their interrelationships. It has great application potential in application scenarios such as user travel, route planning, and urban planning. This paper first defines the urban traffic knowledge graph and the star subgraph query of the urban traffic knowledge graph. Then, the road network data and trajectory data are collected to extract the urban traffic knowledge, and the urban traffic knowledge graph is constructed with this knowledge. Finally, a star subgraph query algorithm on the urban traffic knowledge graph is proposed. The discussion of the star subgraph query mode gives the corresponding application scenarios of our method in the urban traffic knowledge graph. Experimental results verify the performance advantages of this method.
Neues aus der Steinmetaphylaxe
Authors: Stritt Kevin , Roth Beat
Published: October 2022

Die Urolithiasis ist ein großes Gesundheitsproblem mit weltweit steigender Inzidenz und Prävalenz. Die Prävention besteht hauptsächlich aus konservativen therapeutischen Maßnahmen, einschließlich diätetischer Maßnahmen und medikamentöser Behandlung. Das Verständnis der Pathophysiologie und der molekulargenetischen Grundlagen der Urolithiasis ist jedoch unvollständig und erschwert die Entwicklung neuer Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. In diesem Zusammenhang zielt die Swiss Kidney Stone Cohort (SKSC) darauf ab, das Verständnis der Urolithiasis zu verbessern. Die schweizweite, multizentrische, randomisierte NOSTONE-Studie zeigte zudem, dass die Behandlung mit Hydrochlorothiazid bei der Prävention der Kalziumurolithiasis nur bedingt wirksam ist.
In vitro effects of the green synthesized silver and nickel oxide nanoparticles on the motility and egg hatching ability of Marshallagia marshalli
Authors: Mirzaei Yousef , Hamad Samir M. , Barzinjy Azeez A. , Faris Vinos M. , Karimpour Masoud , Ahmed Mukhtar H.
Published: October 2022

Background

Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the serious health problems on the human society and in the livestock industry. Marshallagia marshalli is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminant, have subtle but more significant adverse effects on the health and fitness of their hosts.

Aim

In this study, green synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) have been checked to evaluate the possible antiparasitic effects of nickel oxide and silver nanoparticles on Marshallagia marshalli.

Methods

The characterization of synthesized NiO NPs and Ag NPs was confirmed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The adult worms were incubated with various concentrations of NiO and Ag NPs with the quantity of; 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 ppm for 24 h. Mobility and egg hatching abilities of the parasites were recorded at 4-h intervals.

Results

The results showed that both of the nanoparticles NiO and Ag NPs have anthelmintic activity against Marshallagia marshalli. The anthelmintic effects increased with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles and the incubation time.

Conclusion

The outcome data concluded that Ag-NPs possess a higher level of efficacy than NiO NPs.
Winds of Hope, Storms of Discord
Authors: Yaqub Salim
Published: October 2022

In brisk and engaging prose, this comprehensive introductory textbook traverses the broad sweep of US history since 1945. Winds of Hope, Storms of Discord explores how Americans from all walks of life – political leaders, businesspeople, public intellectuals, workers, students, activists, migrants, and others – struggled to define the nation's political, economic, geopolitical, demographic, and social character. It chronicles the nation's ceaseless ferment, from the rocky conversion to peacetime in the early aftermath of World War II; to the frightening emergence of the Cold War and repeated US military adventures abroad; to the struggles of African Americans and other minorities to claim a share of the American Dream; to the striking transformations in social attitudes catalyzed by the women's movement and struggles for gay and lesbian liberation; to the dynamic force of political, economic, and social conservatism. Carrying the story to the spring of 2022, Winds of Hope also shows how dizzying technological changes at times threatened to upend the nation's civic and political life.
Enstrophy production and flow topology in compressible isotropic turbulence with vibrational non-equilibrium
Authors: Zheng Qinmin , Yang Yan , Wang Jianchun , Chen Shiyi
Published: October 2022

Enstrophy production and flow topology are numerically investigated for statistically stationary compressible isotropic turbulence in vibrational non-equilibrium with a large-scale thermal forcing. The net enstrophy production term is decomposed into solenoidal, dilatational and isotropic dilatational terms based on the Helmholtz decomposition. From the full flow field perspective, the net enstrophy production mainly stems from the solenoidal term. For the dilatational and isotropic dilatational terms, although their local magnitudes can be considerable, the positive values in the compression region and the negative values in the expansion region cancel out on average. For the solenoidal component of the deviatoric strain-rate tensor, the statistical properties of its eigenvalues and alignments between vorticity and its eigenvectors are nearly independent of the local dilatation and vibrational relaxation. The solenoidal components of enstrophy production along three eigendirections are thus mainly affected by the vorticity. For the dilatational component of deviatoric strain-rate tensor, the statistical properties of its eigenvalues and alignments between vorticity and its eigenvectors closely relate to the local dilatation and vibrational relaxation. The dilatational components of enstrophy production along three eigendirections are therefore affected by the vorticity, eigenvalues and alignments between the vorticity and eigenvectors. The topological classification proposed by Chong et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 2, issue 5, 1990, pp. 765–777) is employed to decompose the flow field into various flow topologies. In the strong compression and strong expansion regions, the relaxation effects on the volume fractions of flow topologies and their relative contributions to the local enstrophy production are significant.
Richardson and Reynolds number effects on the near field of buoyant plumes: temporal variability and puffing
Authors: Meehan Michael A. , Wimer Nicholas T. , Hamlington Peter E.
Published: October 2022

Using numerical simulations, we investigate the near-field temporal variability of axisymmetric helium plumes as a function of inlet-based Richardson (

${Ri}_0$

) and Reynolds (

${Re}_0$

) numbers. Previous studies have shown that

${Ri}_0$

plays a leading-order role in determining the frequency at which large-scale vortices are produced (commonly called the ‘puffing’ frequency). By contrast,

${Re}_0$

dictates the strength of localized gradients, which are important during the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. The simulations presented here span a range of

${Ri}_0$

and

${Re}_0$

, and use adaptive mesh refinement to achieve high spatial resolutions. We find that as

${Re}_0$

increases for a given

${Ri}_0$

, the puffing motion undergoes a transition at a critical

${Re}_0$

, marking the onset of chaotic dynamics. Moreover, the critical

${Re}_0$

decreases as

${Ri}_0$

increases. When the puffing instability is non-chaotic, time series of different variables are well-correlated, exhibiting only modest changes in the dynamics (including period doubling and flapping). Once the flow becomes chaotic, denser ambient fluid penetrates the core of the plume, similar to penetrating ‘spikes’ formed by Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities, leading to only moderately correlated flow variables. These changes result in a non-trivial dependence of the puffing frequency on

${Re}_0$

. Specifically, at sufficiently low

${Re}_0$

, the puffing frequency falls below the prediction from Wimer et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 895, 2020). As

${Re}_0$

increases beyond the critical

${Re}_0$

, the puffing frequency increases and then drops back down to the predicted scaling. The dependence of the puffing frequency on

${Re}_0$

provides a possible explanation for previously observed changes in the scaling of the puffing frequency for high

${Ri}_0$

.
Rock glacier composition and structure from radio wave speed analysis with dipping reflector correction
Authors: Meng Tyler M. , Petersen Eric I. , Holt John W.
Published: October 2022

We assess the composition and geometry of four individual rock glaciers in Alaska, Wyoming and Colorado by measuring their radio wave speed and applying these results to ground-penetrating radar depth corrections and dielectric mixing models. Our method includes a correction for subsurface reflector dip angle, which we show can lead to an incorrect determination of wave speeds using common midpoint configurations. By observing the radar properties of the rock glaciers and their supraglacial debris, we find that some of the sites exhibit nearly pure ice cores, and all of the sites indicate volumetric ice fractions >50%. These results have implications for terrestrial glaciology and hydrology because the present ice volume is connected to past ice accumulation and subsurface ice preservation, which may affect the future availability of alpine water resources. An understanding of the processes that govern rock glacier evolution over a wide range of latitudes and elevations will also contribute to the exploration of planetary surfaces such as Mars, which hosts a significant population of debris-covered glaciers. Our subsurface composition and geometry estimates will inform simulations of rock glacier formation and evolution to test hypothesized ice origin mechanisms along with the preservation of climate signals.
Use of the Little-Known Local Obsidian Source of Ojo Zarco at La Magdalena in Guanajuato, Mexico
Authors: Burgess Blaine K. , Pierce Daniel E. , Ferguson Jeffrey R.
Published: October 2022

Excavations conducted by Beloit College in 1958 and 1960 identified the site of La Magdalena in the Bajío of Mexico. Investigators have since highlighted three primary phases of occupation at La Magdalena, two of which were proposed to have been culturally influenced by Teotihuacan or Tula. Modern research in the Bajío mostly diverges from those postulations of distant connections, supplanting them with local patterns that hold much more explanatory power. Archaeometric studies are pivotal in this regard but have thus far been infrequently used. This research analyzes the obsidian assemblage from La Magdalena and finds a nearly ubiquitous utilization of a local obsidian source known as Ojo Zarco. These findings merit a reevaluation of obsidian in the eastern Bajío and argue for more archaeometric studies that elucidate local procurement patterns.
Effects of selenium supplementation on glycaemic control markers in healthy rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Rannapaula Lawrynhuk Urbano , de Sousa Ângela Waleska Freire , Oliveira Antonio Gouveia , de Rezende Adriana Augusto , Cobucci Ricardo Ney , Pedrosa Lucia Fatima Campos
Published: October 2022

Overexposure to Se is detrimental to glucose metabolism, mainly because of its pro-oxidant effects and the overexpression of selenoproteins. This systematic review evaluated the effects of Se supplementation on glycaemic control in healthy rodents. The methodology followed the PRISMA. We searched the databases for articles published up to May 2022. The risk of bias and the methodological quality were assessed using the SYRCLE and CAMARADES. The results are presented as meta-analytic estimates of the overall standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95 % CI. Of the 2359 records retrieved, thirteen studies were included, of which eleven used sodium selenite and two used zero-valent Se nanoparticles as supplement. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Generally, the risk of bias was high, and 23·1 % of the studies were of high quality. Supplementation with sodium selenite significantly increased fasting blood glucose (SMD = 2·57 (95 % CI (1·07, 4·07)), I2 = 93·5 % (P = 0·001). Subgroup analyses showed effect size was larger for interventions lasting between 21 and 28 d (SMD = 25·74 (95 % CI (2·29, 9·18)), I2 = 96·1 % (P = 0·001)) and for a dose of 864·7 μg/kg/d of sodium selenite (SMD = 10·26 (95 % CI (2·42, 18·11), I2 = 97·1 % (P = 0·010)). However, it did not affect glutathione peroxidase activity (SMD = 0·60 (95 % CI (-0·71, 1·91)), I2 = 83·2 % (P = 0·37)). The current analysis demonstrated the adverse effects of sodium selenite supplementation on glycaemic control in healthy rodents.
Effect of growing forage legumes on the migration and survival in the pasture of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
Authors: Garcia-Méndez M. , Schmitt-Filho A. L. , Rocha R. A. , Bricarello P. A.
Published: October 2022

In order to identify types of forage that inhibit pasture contamination, an evaluation was performed of the effect of the forage legumesTrifolium repens(white clover),Trifolium pratense(red clover) andLotus corniculatus(bird's-foot-trefoil) on the survival and migration of infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of sheep. An experimental area of 441 m2was divided into four blocks, subdivided into areas of 1.20 × 1.20 in which the three forage legumes were separately overseeded. After growth of the forage in each subdivision, experimental units were established that were later artificially contaminated with sheep faeces containing GIN eggs. Between October and December 2018, pasture, faecal and soil samples were collected on four occasions during weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8 after the deposition of faeces. In week 6, the forage legumes in all the experimental units were mown to simulate grazing. The number of L3 was quantified to determine their survival in the pasture, faeces and soil. In addition, the horizontal migration of L3 was measured at two distances from the faecal pellets (10 and 30 cm), as well as their vertical migration at two heights of the plant stems, that is, lower half and upper half. Larvae vertical migration was affected by the forage species (P< 0.001), in that bird's-foot-trefoil contained fewer larvae in the upper stratum. Bird's-foot-trefoil restricted the migration of L3 to the upper stratum of the plant, which could potentially decrease the risk of infection by intestinal nematodes in grazing sheep.
A social practice theory approach to exploring the ubiquity of quizzes in dementia care settings
Authors: Webb Joseph , Williams Val , Read Sandy , Davis Harry , James Roy
Published: October 2022

Quizzes are a ubiquitous part of the dementia social care landscape. This article explores why. Using an ethnographic approach which draws on close analysis of communication, we examine dementia quizzes as a ‘social practice’, and what such a lens can tell us about their popularity in social care settings. Vignettes of real interactions drawn from ten different quizzes recorded in four different group settings attended by 28 people living with dementia and 15 staff members are presented to highlight particular issues. We show that the conditions of post-diagnosis dementia social care are uniquely well suited to an activity such as quizzes which are malleable, requiring little preparation or materials, and impose a communication framework which can help to organise the interactional space. Quizzes also draw on previously forged interactional competences, such as turn-taking and question–answer sequences, a skill that has been shown to persist even as dementia progresses. Finally, we argue that the meaning of quizzes with people with dementia feeds into wider societal values and associations attached to memory, dementia and personhood. The extent to which quizzes are akin to a ‘test’ or a fun and enjoyable social activity rests in how they are enacted. We suggest that practice can be adapted, developed and made more inclusive through input from people living with dementia themselves.
“The Master Rarely Casts His Eye Here”: Water and Urban Infrastructure in Postwar Vladivostok
Authors: Khan Rustam
Published: October 2022

The keyword socialist modernity has often served as the yardstick for scholarship on socialist urban histories. Many have stressed the so-called fundamental and micropolitical characteristics of ideology to understand the material and social lives of their cities. I argue that such a historiographical stance not only sidelines the variegated and conflicting experiences of urbanization, but also marginalizes how nature and space actively conditioned urban life and its social fabrics. By looking at water and its infrastructure in post-WWII Vladivostok, I argue how groups ranging from technical experts to everyday residents built the city around the cruciality of water supplies. This spawned debates about the limits of urban planning, the corruption of the municipal authorities, and the fight against epidemic diseases. Reframing socialist urbanization as that of “assemblages” opens new avenues that fuse the work of environmental and urban histories of socialism.
Control of acetolactate synthase–resistant Palmer amaranth in dry edible bean
Authors: Beiermann Clint W. , Creech Cody F. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Jhala Amit J. , Harveson Robert , Lawrence Nevin C.
Published: October 2022

Herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed in several agronomic crops and is a relatively new challenge to dry bean production in western Nebraska. Objectives were to evaluate preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides for control of acetolactate synthase–resistant Palmer amaranth and their effect on Palmer amaranth density and biomass as well as dry bean injury and yield in western Nebraska. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2019 near Scottsbluff, NE. The experiments were arranged as a two-factor strip-plot design. The strip-plot factor consisted of no-PRE or pendimethalin (1,070 g ai ha–1) + dimethenamid-P (790 g ai h–1) applied PRE. The main-plot factor was POST herbicides, which consisted of various mixtures of imazamox, bentazon, or fomesafen applied in a single or sequential application at labeled rates, and reduced rates of imazamox (9 g ai ha–1) + bentazon (314 g ai ha–1) + fomesafen (70 g ai ha–1) applied in single or sequential (two or three) applications. PRE herbicides reduced Palmer amaranth density and biomass during both years and increased dry bean yield in 2017. POST treatments containing fomesafen improved Palmer amaranth control compared with treatments containing imazamox and bentazon only. The sequential-application reduced-rate POST system did not improve Palmer amaranth control compared to one POST application containing fomesafen at a labeled rate in either year. Using pendimethalin + dimethenamid-P PRE followed by POST treatments containing imazamox + bentazon + fomesafen at a labeled rate provided 86% and 99% Palmer amaranth control in 2017 and 2019, respectively.
Sources of Mg Enrichments in Vent Fluids From the Kermadec Arc Recorded by Li, B, and Mg Isotopes
Authors: Wilckens Frederike K. , Hansen Christian T. , Diehl Alexander , Bach Wolfgang , Kasemann Simone A.
Published: October 2022

Magnesium concentrations in acid‐sulfate fluids from Brothers and Macauley volcano, Kermadec arc, Western Pacific, exceed those of seawater and differ from previously known acid‐sulfate fluids with seawater‐like Mg concentrations. Earlier studies explained these Mg enrichments as due to phase separation, caminite (Mg1.25SO4(OH)0.5 × 0.5H2O) dissolution, water‐rock interaction and/or “mining” of deep seated magmatic brines. Since these different and partly contradictory explanations could neither be confirmed nor refuted, we investigated B, Li, and Mg isotope compositions in acid‐sulfate and black smoker fluids from both Brothers and Macauley to understand the origin of the high Mg concentrations and investigate a possible connection with the alteration of basement rocks. In addition, we performed seawater heating experiments to investigate Mg isotope fractionation during caminite precipitation. Lithium and B isotope signatures in all studied acid‐sulfate fluids indicate water‐rock interaction. Magnesium isotopes in fluids from Macauley correspond to seawater, implying Mg enrichment through phase separation in the fluids. In contrast, Mg‐enriched acid‐sulfate fluids from Brothers volcano have higher δ26Mg values (up to −0.62‰) than seawater. Considering that our seawater heating experiment shows a preferential incorporation of 24Mg into caminite, caminite dissolution would lead to lower δ26Mg values and thus cannot solely account for the enriched Mg concentrations seen at Brothers. Additionally, we thus suppose leaching of Mg from the basement during the interaction of acidic fluids with a relatively unaltered basement.
Hemispherically Asymmetric Evolution of Nighttime Ionospheric Equatorial Ionization Anomaly in the American Longitude Sector
Authors: Cai Xuguang , Qian Liying , Wang Wenbin , McInerney Joseph M. , Liu Han‐Li , Eastes Richard W.
Published: October 2022

The Global‐scale Observation of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission observed distinct post‐sunset, hemispherically asymmetric evolution of the equatorial ionization anomaly between 40° and 50°W on 19 November 2018, with the southern crest shifting poleward but the northern crest remaining in the same latitude region. The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model‐eXtended captured this phenomenon. Diagnostic analysis revealed that this asymmetric evolution was due to the hemispheric asymmetry in plasma transport by E × B drifts and neutral winds. In the Northern hemisphere, northward neutral wind transport dominated around sunset (20 UT near 45°W), causing the crest to be at lower altitudes and decay faster. After pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE) occurred at 20 UT in the northern hemisphere, E × B and neutral wind transport largely balanced each other, and the crest remained in the same latitude region. In the southern hemisphere EIA crest, PRE occurred around 1 hr later than the one in the north. The northward neutral wind transported the plasma to higher altitudes with less recombination. E × B transport augmented the neutral wind transport after 21 UT, lifting and pushing the crest poleward. The magnetic field configuration (large declination) and the resultant occurrence time difference in PRE between 40°W and 50°W not only play critical roles in the asymmetric evolution of the two crests, but also makes it possible for this phenomenon to be observed in the GOLD field‐of‐view.
New insights into the epitranscriptomic control of pluripotent stem cell fate
Authors: Che Young Hyun , Lee Hojae , Kim Yong Jun
Published: October 2022

Each cell in the human body has a distinguishable fate. Pluripotent stem cells are challenged with a myriad of lineage differentiation options. Defects are more likely to be fatal to stem cells than to somatic cells due to the broad impact of the former on early development. Hence, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that determine the fate of stem cells is needed. The mechanisms by which human pluripotent stem cells, although not fully equipped with complex chromatin structures or epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, accurately control gene expression and are important to the stem cell field. In this review, we examine the events driving pluripotent stem cell fate and the underlying changes in gene expression during early development. In addition, we highlight the role played by the epitranscriptome in the regulation of gene expression that is necessary for each fate-related event.