bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arterial Spin Labeling‐Based MRI Estimation of Penumbral Tissue in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lyu Jinhao , Duan Qi , Xiao Sa , Meng Zhihua , Wu Xiaoyan , Chen Wen , Wang Guohua , Niu Qingliang , Li Xin , Bian Yitong , Han Dan , Guo Weiting , Yang Shuai , Bian Xiangbing , Lan Yina , Wang Liuxian , Zhang Tingyang , Duan Caohui , Zhang Dekang , Wang Xueyang , Chen Ling , Tian Chenglin , Zhou Xin , Lou Xin ,   the MR‐STARS Investigators
Published: July 2022

Background

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) has shown potential for the assessment of penumbral tissue in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The postlabeling delay (PLD) parameter is sensitive to arterial transit delays and influences cerebral blood flow measurements.

Purpose

To assess the impact of ASL acquisition at different PLDs for penumbral tissue quantification and to compare their performance regarding assisting patient selection for endovascular treatment with dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC‐MRI) as the reference method.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 53 patients (59.98 ± 12.60 years, 32% women) with AIS caused by internal carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3‐T, three‐dimensional pseudo‐continuous ASL with fast‐spin echo readout.

Assessment

Hypoperfusion volume was measured using DSC‐MRI and ASL with PLDs of 1.500 msec and 2.500 msec, respectively. Eligibility for endovascular treatment was retrospectively determined according to the imaging criteria of the Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke trial (DEFUSE 3).

Statistical Tests

Kruskal–Wallis tests, Bland–Altman plots, Cohen's kappa, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P ˂ 0.05.

Results

Hypoperfusion volume for ASL with a PLD of 1.500 msec was significantly larger than that for DSC‐MRI, while the hypoperfusion volume for a PLD of 2.500 msec was not significantly different from that of DSC‐MRI (P = 0.435). Bland–Altman plots showed that the mean volumetric error between the hypoperfusion volume measured by DSC‐MRI and ASL with PLDs of 1.500/2.500 msec was −107.0 mL vs. 4.49 mL. Cohen's kappa was 0.679 vs. 0.773 for DSC‐MRI and ASL, respectively, with a PLD of 1.500/2.500 msec. The sensitivity and specificity for ASL with a PLD of 1.500/2.500 msec in identifying patients eligible for treatment were 89.74% vs. 97.44% and 92.86% vs. 64.29%, respectively.

Data Conclusion

In AIS, PLDs for ASL acquisition may have a considerable impact on the quantification of the hypoperfusion volume.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas sp. A46 isolated from mercury‐contaminated wastewater
Authors: Lo Kai‐Hung , Lu Che‐Wei , Liu Fu‐Guo , Kao Chih‐Ming , Chen Ssu Ching
Published: July 2022

Pseudomonas sp. A46 was first isolated from mercury‐contaminated groundwater in Taiwan. This study is the first to report the draft whole‐genome sequence of Pseudomonas sp. A46. Its genome consists of 126 contigs, with a total length of 6,782,516 bp and a GC content of 64.7%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene sequences revealed that Pseudomonas sp. A46 is closely related to Pseudomonas citronellolis. Assessment of the draft genome sequence revealed that Pseudomonas sp. A46 harbors sets of genes conferring resistance to heavy metals, such as mercury, zinc, lead, copper, cadmium, chromate, and arsenate. These identified genes enable this bacterium to tolerate heavy metal stress.
Need for speed, but how much does it cost? Unpacking the fee‐speed relationship in Bitcoin transactions
Authors: Shang Guangzhi , Ilk Noyan , Fan Shaokun
Published: July 2022

The growing popularity of blockchain‐based cryptocurrencies is driven by the flexibility in transaction fee offerings, among other factors. To achieve service‐level differentiation among their users, many cryptocurrencies allow users to “name your own price,” giving rise to a large variation in fee offerings and hence, variation in confirmation times. Yet, the time it takes a cryptocurrency transaction to be confirmed in the blockchain is not only affected by the fee offered, but also by the contemporaneous congestion level and the inherent randomness in the verification process. Although it is generally expected that higher fees lead to quicker confirmation, the uniqueness of the cryptocurrency setting adds important nuances to the fee‐speed relationship. Using Bitcoin—the original and most heavily used cryptocurrency by far—as our empirical context, we stylize the transaction confirmation processes, propose a theoretical framework that maps the causal path from fee to speed, and estimate this framework using Bitcoin transaction data under periods of high volatility. Our results show strong evidence for two characteristics of fee's impact: congestion dependence and tail shrinkage. Our finding that the speed acceleration effect of fee is particularly strong on the tail of the confirmation time distribution motivates a target service level approach to fee recommendation. To put this finding into practice, we develop an efficient computational procedure that helps Bitcoin users accurately estimate fees based on their confirmation delay preferences. We discuss the implications of our analyses on future cryptocurrency development and the long‐term adoption of this revolutionary technology.
Effects of ε‐polylysine and chitooligosaccharide Maillard reaction products on quality of refrigerated sea bass fillets
Authors: Lang Ai , Lan Weiqing , Gu Yongji , Wang Zhicheng , Xie Jing
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

The Maillard reaction is a promising and safe method for obtaining chitooligosaccharide conjugates with proteins or peptides as food preservatives. This study aims to investigate the moisture state, physicochemical properties, and shelf‐life of sea bass fillets treated with ε‐polylysine (ε‐PL) and chitooligosaccharides (COS), which are Maillard reaction products (LC‐MRPs), during refrigerated storage.

RESULTS

The results of microbiological analysis and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) revealed that LC‐MRPs could retard microbial growth effectively. Compared with control, other treated groups could strongly retard the increase in the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, the K‐value and the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) value, and also inhibited the softening of texture and the accumulation of biogenic amines in fish. The results of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicate that LC‐MRPs could delay the water migration of fillets and increase water holding capacity (WHC). Through sensory evaluation, the application of LC‐MRPs increased the shelf‐life of refrigerated sea bass fillets for another 9 days.

CONCLUSION

Maillard reaction products derived from chitooligosaccharides and ε‐polylysine have strong potential for preserving sea bass. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of Entanglement Density on Mechanical Properties and the Deformation Mechanism of Rubber‐Modified PPO/PS Blends
Authors: Song Lixin , Zhang Yu , Ren Jiannan , Li Yongchao , Yang Bing , Xing Enhan , Wang Yuanxia , Shi Ying
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the synthesis of core‐shell polybutadiene‐graft‐polystyrene (PB‐g‐PS) with a core‐shell ratio of 70/30 in the copolymer. The polyphenylene oxide (PPO)/polystyrene (PS) alloy is toughened by high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) and the PB‐g‐PS copolymer. The effect of entanglement density on the mechanical properties and the deformation mechanism of the blends is investigated. The entanglement density of the blends is found to increase with increasing PPO content. The mechanical properties of the blends indicated that HIPS and PB‐g‐PS have excellent synergic toughening effects on the PPO/PS alloy, and the impact strength and elongation at break gradually increased with increasing matrix chain entanglement density. When the chain entanglement density of the matrix is low, the deformation mechanism of the blends is multiple crazing. As the chain entanglement density of the matrix increased, there are two deformation mechanisms in the blends at the same time: crazing and shear yield. However, the crazing disappeared when the chain entanglement density of the matrix reached a certain value, and only shear yield existed. Therefore, with the increase of matrix entanglement density in the blends, the deformation mechanism of the blends gradually transitioned from crazing to shear yield and cavitation, enhancing the toughness of the blends.
Dual Post‐Treatments Boost Thermoelectric Performance of PEDOT:PSS Films and Their Devices
Authors: Wu Ting , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Liu Wei‐Di , Sun Shuai , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: July 2022

Owing to intrinsically high electrical conductivity and low thermoelectric conductivity, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxithiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) shows promising thermoelectric properties. However, its relatively low power factor limits the practical applications of PEDOT:PSS. Here, unique dual post‐treatments by sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) and formamide (CH3NO) to boost the thermoelectric performance of flexible PEDOT:PSS films with an optimized power factor of 74.09 µW m–1 K–2 are used. Comprehensive characterizations confirm that CH3NO reduces the excessive insulating PSS and thereby increases the electrical conductivity, while Na2SO3 lowers the reduction of the doping level of PEDOT, leading to an increased Seebeck coefficient. Furthermore, the rationally post‐treated PEDOT:PSS films are assembled into a flexible thermoelectric device that exhibits an open‐circuit voltage of 2.8 mV using the heat from the human arm and an output power density of 2.56 µW cm–2 by a temperature difference of 25 K, indicating great potential for practical applications on sustainably charging low‐grade wearable electronics.
Digital economy, agglomeration, and entrepreneurship in Chinese cities
Authors: Jiang Xiuxiu , Wang Xia , Ren Jia , Xie Zhimin
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the digital economy's influence on entrepreneurship and the role of economic agglomeration in its mechanism. Employing yearly prefecture‐level city data from China (2011–2019) and panel econometric techniques, we show that the digital economy has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurship activity; this effect is maintained following endogeneity, alternative explanatory variable, sample composition, and other robustness checks. Regional heterogeneity analysis shows that the digital economy's impact was greatest on the western region, followed by the central and eastern regions. We also identify agglomeration‐related channels (output and employment density) through which the digital economy promotes entrepreneurship.
60th Anniversary of SID: Celebrating the Past and Looking Ahead
Authors: Bhowmik Achin
Published: July 2022

SID has played a preeminent role in enabling the display technology ecosystem. The opportunity for SID to fuel the next wave of growth for imaging and display technologies is even more significant.
Weight Reduction is a Key Enabler for Augmented and Mixed Reality Advances
Authors: Sprengard Rüdiger , Bachhuber Frederik
Published: July 2022

Ultra‐flat, low‐density, high‐refractive‐index glass wafers enable waveguide weight to be cut in half and drive the long‐awaited breakthrough of augmented reality.
MicroLED Microdisplays: An Invention Fueled by Augmented Reality
Authors: Baruah Leon
Published: July 2022

Soon manufacturers can use their acquired knowledge to release subsequent generations of their AR glasses with more advanced features.
Depredation of Demersal Reef Fishes Released with Descender Devices Is Uncommon off North Carolina, USA
Authors: Runde Brendan J. , Rudershausen Paul J. , Bacheler Nathan M. , Tharp Ryan M. , Buckel Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2022

Descender devices are increasingly recognized as a leading means of barotrauma mitigation for released reef fishes. Yet, some resource users oppose regulations requiring or encouraging descender device use, arguing that predators frequently eat fish during release (depredation), sometimes causing device loss. We synthesized data for over 1,200 descended releases (both videoed and nonvideoed) of 16 species of reef fish off North Carolina, USA. Of 114 videos, we observed possible predators on seven, none of which showed actual depredation. Of 1,176 nonvideoed releases, we lost zero descender devices, indicating that although cryptic depredation may have occurred, equipment loss was nonexistent. The lack of any evidence of depredation in ocean waters off North Carolina provides information to managers that they can use to reinforce education and outreach to encourage descender use.
Analytical solution for the consolidation of unsaturated vertical drain foundation under depth‐dependent initial conditions
Authors: Zhou Tong , Li Tianyi , Wang Lei , Wen Minjie , Chen Yang
Published: July 2022

Insufficient bearing capacity of foundations is hazardous for construction engineering, and improper construction scheme can also lead to unexpected problems. Vertical drains are always installed in the soil foundations to accelerate the consolidation process and thus improve the bearing capacity. According to the consolidation theory proposed by Fredlund, the consolidation of unsaturated vertical drain foundation is investigated with analytical solutions, in which smear effect, drain resistance, and depth‐dependent initial excess pore pressures (i.e., excess pore‐air and pore‐water pressures) are considered. In the derivative process, the decoupling method and Fourier series expansion method are applied. The reliability of the current solutions is verified by comparing the degenerate ones with existing solutions. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the consolidation characteristics of the proposed model against modeling sizes, smear coefficients, drain resistance factors, and distribution coefficients. The analytical model has the advantages of simplicity and easy to implement in practical engineering.
Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania 2021 Conference Distinguished Lecture: Contemporary Filmmaking in Oceania
Authors: Ramones Ikaika , McCartney Marina Alofagia , Maden Martin
Published: July 2022

This piece is an edited version of the Distinguished Lecture at the 2021 ASAO conference. The discussion centers the real life lessons and experiences of filmmakers, contributing to and challenging conversations about media and cultural production. The piece begins with a brief overview of the past and present of visual anthropology and media in Oceania. Panelists then recount their own journeys to filmmaking in their lives. The discussion moves to the industry and demographic concerns of film in the region, as well as questions of developing national identities and their experiences of production in different cultural contexts. Panelists speak in detail on the systemic barriers of accessing funding, and about film as a profession in the context of ethnic, gender, and class inequality. After speaking about the nature of transnational collaborations and relationships, panelists discuss the value of communities viewing themselves on screen, and the importance of accountability.
Modeling the macroeconomic determinants of environmental degradation in E‐7 countries: The role of technological innovation and institutional quality
Authors: Anwar Ahsan , Chaudhary Amatul R. , Malik Summaira
Published: July 2022

Environmental degradation poses a severe threat to life on earth. Similarly to other countries, emerging seven (E‐7) countries have been struggling to decrease their dependence on non‐renewable energy sources by adopting environment friendly technologies for reducing environmental deterioration and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. In present study, we reassessed the technological policies of E‐7 countries, and addressed the issues of affordable and clean energy, institutional quality (IQU), and sustained economic growth (EGR) to address the problem of environmental deterioration. For this purpose, we have investigated the role of renewable energy consumption (REC), technological innovations (TINs), IQU, and EGR on CO2 emissions (CE) by using the panel quantile regression (PQR) for the period from 1996 to 2020. The empirical outcomes of FGLS reveal that a 1% increase in REC, TIN, and IQU reduces the CE by 0.145%, 0.233%, and 0.249%, while a 1% rise in EGR and population (POPU) raises the CE by 0.993% and 1.546% respectively. Similarly, the results of PQR demonstrate that REC, TIN, and IQU reduce CE, whereas EGR and POPU increase environmental degradation. The impact of TIN on CE is high at lower quantiles and low at higher quantiles. The impact of IQU on CE is low at lower quantiles and high at higher quantiles Based on these findings, we have recommended a comprehensive SDG‐oriented policy framework, so that E‐7 countries can make progress towards achieving the objectives of SDG 16, SDG 13, SDG 7, SDG 8, and SDG 9.
The gs3 allele from a large‐grain rice cultivar, Akita 63, increases yield and improves nitrogen‐use efficiency
Authors: Yoon Dong‐Kyung , Suganami Mao , Ishiyama Keiki , Kagawa Takaaki , Tanaka Marin , Nagao Rina , Takagi Daisuke , Ishida Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yuji , Mae Tadahiko , Makino Amane , Obara Mitsuhiro
Published: July 2022

The Green Revolution allowed a large amount of nitrogen (N) fertilization to increase crop yield but has led to severe environmental pollution. Therefore, increasing the crop grain yield must be achieved without such considerable input of N fertilization. A large‐grain japonica rice cultivar, Akita 63, significantly increased grain yield and improved N‐use efficiency (NUE) for yield per amount of N absorbed by plants. This study found that the nonsense mutated GS3 gene, the gs3 allele of Akita 63, has a superior yield production with enlarged grain size. The gs3 allele increased the yield with improvements in harvest index and NUE for yields per plant N content by analyzing the near‐isogenic line of rice plants with a large grain (LG‐Notohikari), which was developed by introducing the gs3 allele of Akita 63 into normal‐grain japonica cultivar, Notohikari. Thus, the gs3 allele would be promising for further yield increase without additional large input of N fertilization in non‐gs3‐allele rice varieties.
Identification of microRNAs and their target genes related to the accumulation of anthocyanin in purple potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Wu Xiaojuan , Ma Yanhong , Wu Juan , Wang Peijie , Zhang Zhicheng , Xie Rui , Liu Jie , Fan Bobo , Wei Wei , Nie Li Zhen , Liu Xuting
Published: July 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are types of endogenous non‐coding small RNAs found in eukaryotes that are 18–25 nucleotides long. miRNAs are considered to be key regulatory factors of the expression of target mRNA. The roles of miRNAs involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in pigmented potatoes have not been systematically reported. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes involved in the accumulation of anthocyanin during different developmental stages in purple potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were identified using small RNA (sRNA) and degradome sequencing. A total of 275 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the sRNA libraries. A total of 69,387,200 raw reads were obtained from three degradome libraries. The anthocyanin responsive miRNA–mRNA modules were analyzed, and 37 miRNAs and 23 target genes were obtained. Different miRNAs regulate the key enzymes of anthocyanin synthesis in purple potato. The structural genes included phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3‐hydroxylase, and anthocyanidin 3‐O‐glucosyltransferase. The regulatory genes included WD40, MYB, and SPL9. stu‐miR172e‐5p_L‐1R‐1, stu‐miR828a, stu‐miR29b‐4‐5p, stu‐miR8019‐5p_L‐4R‐3, stu‐miR396b‐5p, stu‐miR5303f_L‐7R + 2, stu‐miR7997a_L‐3, stu‐miR7997b_L‐3, stu‐miR7997c_L + 3R‐5_2ss2TA3AG, stu‐miR156f‐5p_L + 1, stu‐miR156a, stu‐miR156a_R‐1, stu‐miR156e, stu‐miR858, stu‐miR5021, stu‐miR828 and their target genes were validated by qRT‐PCR. They play important roles in the coloration and accumulation of purple potatoes. These results provide new insights into the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in pigmented potatoes.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of thymol as an anti‐inflammatory and wound healing agent
Authors: Gabbai‐Armelin Paulo R. , Sales Luciana S. , Ferrisse Túlio Morandin , De Oliveira Analu Barros , De Oliveira Juliana R. , Giro Elisa M. A , Brighenti Fernanda L.
Published: July 2022

Thymol (THY) exhibits antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Recent studies have also shown that THY presents anti‐inflammatory and healing properties. This review focused on in vitro and in vivo investigations related to THY utilization, as an anti‐inflammatory and/or wound healing agent. PubMed, WebOfScience, and Scopus were examined. Independent reviewers conducted all diagram steps. PRISMA was followed for data extraction. RoB 2 and SYRCLE were utilized to assess the risk of bias for in vitro and animal studies. Meta‐analysis was performed for in vitro and in vivo articles that investigated THY as an anti‐inflammatory agent. Thirty‐six and 15 articles were included in the qualitative analysis and meta‐analysis, respectively. Studies showed high risk of bias related to sampling, allocation procedures, randomization, and blinding. Even so, for in vitro studies, significant result was observed for IL‐2. For in vivo studies, significant results were found for IL‐1, IL‐17, TNF‐α, AST, MPO, and CRP, with higher levels noticed in control groups. THY presents significant properties as anti‐inflammatory, ameliorating affections of the digestive system, cardiovascular problems, respiratory system and dermal damages, and burns. Researches are needed to clarify THY dose–response relationship and its mechanism of action, especially in the application of THY as a healing agent.
Desquamation of the subpleural lung parenchyma caused by empyema after pulmonary embolism: A case report
Authors: Iguchi Takafumi , Mizuguchi Shinjiro , Kyukwang Chung , Nakajima Ryu , Takahama Makoto
Published: July 2022

Key message

Subpleural peripheral lung regions are mainly nourished by pulmonary arteries. Herein, we report a case in which pleural infection after pulmonary embolism caused circulation failure in the subpleural lung parenchyma (SLP) and massive desquamation of the SLP.
Correlation filters tissue tracking with application to robotic minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Sun Yanwen , Pan Bo , Fu Yili
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Vision‐based tissue tracking is a significant component for building efficient autonomous surgical robot system. While the methodology involves various challenges caused by occlusion, deformation and appearance changes.

Methods

We propose a novel correlation filter tissue tracking framework for minimally invasive surgery. Our model contains the innovative design of synthetic features, a bi‐branch is exploited to enhance the response map. An incrementally learnt detector with the novel updating and trigger schemes is embedded to model the re‐detection module for capturing the lost target.

Results

Promising validation has been conducted on the publicly available tracking benchmark datasets, a surgical tissue tracking dataset based on publicly available Cholec80 dataset has also been developed to focus on the application in intra‐operative scenes.

Conclusions

Our proposed framework meets the outstanding performance and surpasses the existing methods. The work demonstrates the feasibility to perform tissue tracking by taking advantage of the correlation filter.
A calibration approach to transportability and data‐fusion with observational data
Authors: Josey Kevin P. , Yang Fan , Ghosh Debashis , Raghavan Sridharan
Published: July 2022

Two important considerations in clinical research studies are proper evaluations of internal and external validity. While randomized clinical trials can overcome several threats to internal validity, they may be prone to poor external validity. Conversely, large prospective observational studies sampled from a broadly generalizable population may be externally valid, yet susceptible to threats to internal validity, particularly confounding. Thus, methods that address confounding and enhance transportability of study results across populations are essential for internally and externally valid causal inference, respectively. These issues persist for another problem closely related to transportability known as data‐fusion. We develop a calibration method to generate balancing weights that address confounding and sampling bias, thereby enabling valid estimation of the target population average treatment effect. We compare the calibration approach to two additional doubly robust methods that estimate the effect of an intervention on an outcome within a second, possibly unrelated target population. The proposed methodologies can be extended to resolve data‐fusion problems that seek to evaluate the effects of an intervention using data from two related studies sampled from different populations. A simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the advantages and similarities of the different techniques. We also test the performance of the calibration approach in a motivating real data example comparing whether the effect of biguanides vs sulfonylureas—the two most common oral diabetes medication classes for initial treatment—on all‐cause mortality described in a historical cohort applies to a contemporary cohort of US Veterans with diabetes.
Effect of Different Composition of Polyethylene Oxide‐Polypyrrole (PEO‐PPy) Nanofiber Mats on Antibacterial and Biocompatibility Properties
Authors: Masmur Indra , Perangin‐angin Sabarmin , Sembiring Helmina , Tarigan Afri Haganta , Ginting Junedi , Barus Diana Alemin , Ginting Mimpin
Published: July 2022

Electrospun nanofibers are unique one‐dimensional materials with high surface area to volume ratio which can be used in various applications including in antibacterial application. In this study, we demonstrated a simple fabrication of polyethylene oxide‐polypyrrole (PEO‐PPy) composite nanofibers with antibacterial properties. The polymerization of pyrrole was conducted using ammonium persulfate (APS) initiator at ambient temperature for 24 h. The resulting PEO‐PPy nanofibers were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and tensile tests. The morphology of nanofibers observed by SEM revealed that the minimum concentration of PEO was 8 wt% to obtain the bead‐free nanofibers. Meanwhile, variation of pyrrole concentration does not alter the morphology of nanofibers significantly. The crystallinity of the nanofibers increased with increasing the PEO amount indicated by two typical peaks located at 2θ=19° and 23°, respectively. On the other hand, polypyrrole contributed the antibacterial properties significantly to the nanofibers and as a result, the antibacterial activity determined by UV‐Vis spectrophotometer increased dramatically with increasing pyrrole concentration from 0.1 to 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mM. The electrospun nanofiber mats exhibited good antibacterial properties onE. coliand biocompatibility properties on L929 fibroblasts cell.
Biomedical Applications of Dendrimer Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Krishnan Raji Rama , Chandran Shine Rama , Johnson Elizabath , Hariharan Prema Kakkadath
Published: July 2022

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been identified as promising tools with potential use in a wide range of areas, spreading from diagnostics to the treatment of diseases. The high magnetization value and ability to pass cellular barriers promote them to be used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents, gene delivery agents, hyperthermia therapy, and for tissue repair. Use of functionalized MNPs with macromolecules minimizes their risks in biological systems and offers organ specific diagnosis and therapy. MNPs functionalized with dendrimers can have better potential in terms of enhanced stability and dispersibility in aqueous solution. The particular review summarizes the recent advances in synthesis of dendrimer functionalized MNPs and their applications in biomedical field such as targeted drug delivery, MRI, magnetic hyperthermia treatment and as antimicrobial agent.
Bis(imino)acenaphthene N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes Bearing Tertiary Amines: Structural and Catalytic Studies on the Interaction between Soft Acid and Hard Base
Authors: Chen Ming‐Tsz , Hsu Mu , Lin Mei‐Chen , Lien Yu‐Cheng , Chen Kuan‐Wei
Published: July 2022

The HSAB principle in designing Bis(imino)acenaphthene N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) palladium complexes is presented. N‐donor ligands serve as hard bases to enhance the catalytic activities of NHC Pd complexes in Suzuki and Buchwald–Hartwig amination reactions. The Pd complex bearing tertiary amine ligands exhibited higher performance in coupling reactions than those exhibited by other soft base ligands reported in literature. 48 coupling products were generated in moderate‐to‐complete yields in the presence of aryl chlorides as substrates for Suzuki and amination reactions in air under mild conditions.
6‐Methoxy‐1‐tetralone Derivatives Bearing an N‐Arylpyridinium Moiety as Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Chehardoli Gholamabbas , Gholamhoseini Pooriya , Ebadi Ahmad , Ziaei Maral , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh , Saeedi Mina , Mahdavi Mohammad , Khoshneviszadeh Mehdi , Najafi Zahra
Published: July 2022

A novel series of 6‐methoxy‐1‐tetralone derivatives bearing N‐aryl pyridinium moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. The designed derivatives inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 values of 0.025–23.743 μM and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 values of 0.716–20.588 μM. The synthesized compounds were divided into two series. Derivatives containing N‐benzyl moieties generally were more potent anti‐AChE and anti‐BChE agents than compounds with N‐alkylphthalimide groups. Among them, the compound (E)‐1‐Benzyl‐3‐((6‐methoxy‐1‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2(1H)‐ylidene)methyl)pyridin‐1‐ium bromide (5 a) and compound (E)‐1‐(3‐Chlorobenzyl)‐3‐((6‐methoxy‐1‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2(1H)‐ylidene)methyl)pyridin‐1‐ium bromide (5 d) exhibited significant inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 0.025 and 0.716 μM in comparison to donepezil as a reference drug (0.029 and 0.948 μM, respectively). The results of kinetic and molecular modeling studies demonstrated that the synthesized compounds 5 a and 5 d derivatives can act as mixed and dual binding inhibitors, and bind to both CAS and PAS of AChE and BChE enzymes. Among the assessed compounds, the compound 5 a indicated significant neuroprotection against H2O2‐induced cell death in PC12 cells. So, these findings indicate the therapeutic potential of 6‐methoxy‐1‐tetralone derivatives bearing N‐aryl pyridinium moiety derivatives as anti‐AD agents.
Wearable SERS Sensor Based on Omnidirectional Plasmonic Nanovoids Array with Ultra‐High Sensitivity and Stability
Authors: Zhu Kai , Yang Kuo , Zhang Yizhi , Yang Zhaoyan , Qian Ziting , Li Na , Li Lang , Jiang Guohua , Wang Tingyu , Zong Shenfei , Wu Lei , Wang Zhuyuan , Cui Yiping
Published: July 2022

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising technology for wearable sensors due to its fingerprint spectrum and high detection sensitivity. However, since SERS‐activity is sensitive to both the distribution of “hotspots” and excitation angle, it is profoundly challenging to develop a wearable SERS sensor with high stability under various deformations during movements. Herein, inspired by omnidirectional light‐harvesting of the compound eye of Xenos Peckii, a wearable SERS sensor is developed using omnidirectional plasmonic nanovoids array (OPNA), which is prepared by assembling a monolayer of metal nanoparticles into the artificial plasmonic compound‐eye (APC). Specifically, APC is an interconnected frame containing omnidirectional “pockets” and acts as an “armour”, not only rendering a broadband and omnidirectional enhancement of “hotspots” in the delicate nanoparticles array, but also maintaining an integrity of the “hotspots” against external mechanical deformations. Furthermore, an asymmetry super‐hydrophilic pattern is fabricated on the surface of OPNA, endowing the hydrophobic OPNA with the ability to spontaneously extract and concentrate the analytes from sweat. Such an armored SERS sensor can enable the wearable and in situ analysis with high sensitivity and stability, exhibiting great potential in point‐of‐care analysis.
An Injectable Hydrogel to Modulate T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Di , Li Qian , Chen Xiangwu , Nie Xinxin , Xue Fumin , Xu Wei , Luan Yuxia
Published: July 2022

T cell exhaustion caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is the major obstacle of T cells‐based cancer immunotherapy. Besides exhausted T cells, the insufficient major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) on tumor cells leads to inefficient T cell recognition of tumor cells, compromising therapeutic efficacy. Therapeutic platform to regulate T cell exhaustion and MHC I expression for boosting T cells‐based cancer immunotherapy has not been realized up to date. Herein, an injectable hydrogel is designed to simultaneously tune T cell exhaustion and MHC I expression for amplified cancer immunotherapy. The hydrogel is in situ constructed in tumor site by utilizing oxidized sodium alginate‐modified tumor cell membrane vesicle (O‐TMV) as a gelator, where axitinib is encapsulated in the lipid bilayer of O‐TMV while 4‐1BB antibody and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor PF‐06446846 nanoparticles are present in the cavities of hydrogel. After immune response trigged by O‐TMV antigen, the 4‐1BB antibody‐promoted T cell mitochondrial biogenesis and the axitinib‐lowered hypoxia synergistically reverse T cell exhaustion while the PF‐06446846‐amplified MHC I expression facilitates T cell recognition of tumor cells, demonstrating a powerful immunotherapeutic efficacy. This strategy on reprograming T cell exhaustion and improving T cell potency offers new concept for T cells‐based cancer immunotherapy.
High Operation Frequency and Strain Tolerance of Fully Printed Oxide Thin Film Transistors and Circuits on PET Substrates
Authors: Divya Mitta , Pradhan Jyoti Ranjan , Priyadarsini Sushree Sangita , Dasgupta Subho
Published: July 2022

The major limitations of solution‐processed oxide electronics include high process temperatures and the absence of necessary strain tolerance that would be essential for flexible electronic applications. Here, a combination of low temperature (<100 °C) curable indium oxide nanoparticle ink and a conductive silver nanoink, which are used to fabricate fully‐printed narrow‐channel thin film transistors (TFTs) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, is proposed. The metal ink is printed onto the In2O3 nanoparticulate channel to narrow the effective channel lengths down to the thickness of the In2O3 layer and thereby obtain near‐vertical transport across the semiconductor layer. The TFTs thus prepared show On/Off ratio ≈106 and simultaneous maximum current density of 172 µA µm−1. Next, the depletion‐load inverters fabricated on PET substrates demonstrate signal gain >200 and operation frequency >300 kHz at low operation voltage of VDD = 2 V. In addition, the near‐vertical transport across the semiconductor layer is found to be largely strain tolerant with insignificant change in the TFT and inverter performance observed under bending fatigue tests performed down to a bending radius of 1.5 mm, which translates to a strain value of 5%. The devices are also found to be robust against atmospheric exposure when remeasured after a month.
Biodegradable Hollow‐Structured Nanozymes Modulate Phenotypic Polarization of Macrophages and Relieve Hypoxia for Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Xiong Hao , Zhao Yongzheng , Xu Qinyuan , Xie Xue , Wu Jianrong , Hu Bing , Chen Shuai , Cai Xiaojun , Zheng Yuanyi , Fan Cunyi
Published: July 2022

Nanozymes are widely applied for treating various major diseases, including neurological diseases and tumors. However, the biodegradability of nanozymes remains a great challenge, which hinders their further clinical translation. Based on the microenvironment of osteoarthritis (OA), a representative pH‐responsive biodegradable hollow‐structured manganese Prussian blue nanozyme (HMPBzyme) is designed and applied for treatment of OA. HMPBzyme with good pH‐responsive biodegradability, biocompatibility, and multi‐enzyme activities is constructed by bovine serum albumin bubbles as a template‐mediated biomineralization strategy. HMPBzyme suppresses hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) expression and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the in vitro experiment. Furthermore, HMPBzyme markedly suppresses the expression of ROS and alleviates the degeneration of cartilage in OA rat models. The results indicate that the biodegradable HMPBzyme inhibits oxidative damage and relieves hypoxia synergistically to suppress inflammation and promote the anabolism of cartilage extracellular matrix by protecting mitochondrial function and down‐regulating the expression of HIF‐1α, which modulates the phenotypic conversion of macrophages from pro‐inflammatory M1 subtype to anti‐inflammatory M2 subtype for OA treatment. This research lays a solid foundation for the design, construction, and biomedical application of biodegradable nanozymes and promotes the application of nanozymes in biomedicine.
Approaches to Enhancing Electrical Conductivity of Pristine Metal–Organic Frameworks for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Wang Teng , Lei Jiaqi , Wang You , Pang Le , Pan Fuping , Chen Kai‐Jie , Wang Hongxia
Published: July 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), known as porous coordination polymers, have attracted intense interest as electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) owing to their advantageous features including high surface area, tunable porous structure, structural diversity, etc. However, the insulating nature of most MOFs has impeded their further electrochemical applications. A common solution for this issue is to transform pristine MOFs into more stable and conductive metal compounds/porous carbon materials through pyrolysis, which however losses the inherent merits of MOFs. To find a consummate solution, recently a surge of research devoted to improving the electrical conductivity of pristine MOFs for SCs has been carried out. In this review, the most related research work on pristine MOF‐based materials is reviewed and three effective strategies (chemical structure design of conductive MOFs (c‐MOFs), composite design, and binder‐free structure design) which can significantly increase their conductivity and consequently the electrochemical performance in SCs are proposed. The conductivity enhancement mechanism in each approach is well analyzed. The representative research works on using pristine MOFs for SCs are also critically discussed. It is hoped that the new insights can provide guidance for developing high‐performance electrode materials based on pristine MOFs with high conductivity for SCs in the future.
A tetrahedral model of autobiographical memory research design
Authors: Talarico Jennifer M.
Published: July 2022

The field of autobiographical memory can do more to be representative of global populations experiencing and recollecting diverse events across the lifespan. To inspire such work, I present a general model for designing autobiographical memory studies. The tetrahedral model (based on Jenkins, 1979) has at its vertices context (e.g., the situated environment, activated schema, or functional goal), outcomes (e.g., the content and phenomenology of remembering), participants (e.g., the demographic characteristics and traits of the individual), and events (e.g., the lived experiences that comprise an individual's autobiography). Further, the area of the base of the pyramid can represent the time frame under investigation (e.g., the wider the distance, the greater the delay between an experience and its retrieval) and the height of the pyramid can represent the sample size (e.g., nearly flat for a case study, increasingly taller for larger groups) being studied. After applying the model to describe how typical autobiographical memory research is conducted (and briefly identifying the limitations therein), representative models of particularly promising areas of research are highlighted.

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Memory
Travelling Leadership Ideas as a Business Virus
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Olaisen Johan
Published: July 2022

Virtually identical management ideas seem to crop up simultaneously in similar organizations globally, in what ways can this phenomenon be understood? Leaders in organizations may play a more active role than those often depicted in the management fashion theory. The encounter between thought and practice may be lasting; beliefs may affect training and practice. The ideas may represent a trade-off between business strategy, leadership, and employees. We keep acceptable and adequate ideas while we drop unacceptable and inadequate plans. The ideas work like a sensitizing concept of directions along which to look for temporary order and stability, as well as potential change. Adopting a business idea is like a virus spreading worldwide, leaving an enormous impact through global corporations and societies. In this chapter, we study management ideas in a selection of top Scandinavian corporations to generate and discuss 8 relevant hypotheses. The same ideas might reach public institutions like universities and hospitals. In public institutions, they might present as a form of New Public Management or merely a way of managing, e.g. universities or hospitals through a magic business virus, creating what looks like similar strategies found in private businesses.
Possibilities and Missing Links in Management Research: What We Do Not Know That We Know
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Olaisen Johan
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to address possibilities and missing links by looking into some contemporary knowledge management research. For this aim we analyse and compare all the papers in the proceedings ofEuropean Conference on Knowledge Management(ECKM) in Barcelona (2017), Padua (2018), Lisbon (2019), and the digital conference in 2020. The approach uses a philosophy of science framework and compares this to the content of the research papers. We will discuss the findings in four representations of knowledge, two typologies of concepts, and four paradigmatic classifications to open up for creative future explorations in knowledge management research. The results indicate a conference based upon as-is knowledge and less upon new and often unsolvable problems. There are however more critical and green papers in the 2020 conference opening up for new perspectives in the choice of methodology, problems, and knowledge.
Management as Power and Politics in Projects
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Olaisen Johan
Published: July 2022

In this chapter, we explore what impact do micropolitics and power have upon the conduct of project management in an organization? Drawing on interviews with project managers of four oil and gas firms, we discuss how the informal power and micropolitics played a massive role in the projects, and personal and relational knowledge appeared to achieve the expected project results. Power and micropolitics were regarded as necessary skills and tools for a successful project manager. A democratic and consensus-oriented culture opens for power games and micropolitics rather than hedging them. Compared to more hierarchical organizations, informal micropolitics and power mean a high potential to prolong and complicate decision processes and significantly reduce efficiency. The theoretical implication is a general model for power and micropolitics, while the practical implication understands how crucial informal power and micropolitics are in projects.
Quark and gluon helicity evolution at small x: revised and updated
Authors: Cougoulic Florian , Kovchegov Yuri V. , Tarasov Andrey , Tawabutr Yossathorn
Published: July 2022

Abstract

We revisit the problem of small Bjorken-x evolution of the gluon and flavor-singlet quark helicity distributions in the shock wave (s-channel) formalism. Earlier works on the subject in the same framework [1–3] resulted in an evolution equation for the gluon field-strength F12 and quark “axial current” $$ \overline{\psi}\gamma $$

ψ
¯

γ
+γ5ψ operators (sandwiched between the appropriate light-cone Wilson lines) in the double-logarithmic approximation (summing powers of αs ln2(1/x) with αs the strong coupling constant). In this work, we observe that an important mixing of the above operators with another gluon operator, $$ {}_D{}^{\leftarrow i} $$

D

←
i

Di, also sandwiched between the light-cone Wilson lines (with the repeated transverse index i = 1, 2 summed over), was missing in the previous works [1–3]. This operator has the physical meaning of the sub-eikonal (covariant) phase: its contribution to helicity evolution is shown to be proportional to another sub-eikonal operator, Di − $$ {}_D{}^{\leftarrow i} $$

D

←
i

, which is related to the Jaffe-Manohar polarized gluon distribution [4]. In this work we include this new operator into small-x helicity evolution, and construct novel evolution equations mixing all three operators (Di − $$ {}_D{}^{\leftarrow i} $$

D

←
i

, F12, and $$ \overline{\psi}\gamma $$

ψ
¯

γ
+γ5ψ), generalizing the results of [1–3]. We also construct closed double-logarithmic evolution equations in the large-Nc and large-Nc&Nf limits, with Nc and Nf the numbers of quark colors and flavors, respectively. Solving the large-Nc equations numerically we obtain the following small-x asymptotics of the quark and gluon helicity distributions ∆Σ and ∆G, along with the g1 structure function,$$ \Delta \Sigma \left(x,{Q}^2\right)\sim \Delta G\left(x,{Q}^2\right)\sim {g}_1\left(x,{Q}^2\right)\sim {\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}^{3.66\sqrt{\frac{\alpha_s{N}_c}{2\pi }}} $$
∆
Σ

x

Q
2

∼
∆
G

x

Q
2

∼

g
1

x

Q
2

∼

1
x

3.66

α
s

N
c

2
π

in complete agreement with the earlier work by Bartels, Ermolaev and Ryskin [5].
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) in Screening Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Ping-ping , Yuan Ying , Lu De-zhi , Li Ting-ting , Zhang Hui , Wang Hong-ying , Wang Xiao-wen
Published: July 2022

The Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) is used worldwide to screen people quickly and easily at high risk for swallowing disorders. However, the best EAT-10 cutoff value is still controversial. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we estimated and compared the diagnostic accuracy of EAT-10 cutoff values of 2 and 3 for screening dysphagia. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP databases from May 2008 to March 2022. The meta-analysis included 7 studies involving 1064 subjects from 7 different countries. Two studies were classified as high quality and five studies as medium quality. With an EAT-10 cutoff value of 2, using flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing or video fluoroscopic swallowing study as the gold standard, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.93), 0.59 (95% CI 0.39–0.77), 2.17 (95% CI 1.38–3.42), 0.19 (95% CI 0.13–0.29), and 11.49 (95% CI 5.86–22.53), respectively. When a cutoff of 3 was used, these values were 0.85 (95% CI 0.68–0.94), 0.82 (95% CI 0.65–0.92), 4.84 (95% CI 1.72–13.50), 0.18 (95% CI 0.07–0.46), and 26.24 (95% CI 5.06–135.95), respectively. Using EAT-10 cutoff values of 2 and 3, the areas under the curve were 0.873 (95% CI 0.82–0.93) and 0.903 (95% CI 0.88–0.93), respectively, showing good diagnostic performance. EAT-10 can be used as a preliminary screening tool for dysphagia. However, a cutoff of 3 is recommended for EAT-10 due to better diagnostic accuracy.