bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hamstring Injuries in Athletes: Anatomy, Pathology, and Treatment
Authors: Arner Justin Wade , Rothrauff Ben , Bradley James Phillip
Published: February 2025

Hamstring injuries are common in athletes and result in missed time from sport and activities. Recurrent injury is a persistent issue. Injury location and severity dictate treatment. Complete acute proximal hamstring avulsions are typically treated successfully with open or endoscopic surgery, while partial avulsions commonly are initially treated nonsurgically. If required, surgical repair results in high patient-reported outcomes, satisfaction, and return to activities. Chronic complete proximal avulsions have less predictable outcomes. Myotendinous injuries are typically treated nonsurgically; however, lost time and reinjury are common. Distal myotendinous injuries can lead to greater delay in return to sport and higher reinjury rate than their proximal or midsubstance counterparts. Owing to this, there has been a recent interest in surgical repair, but historically nonsurgical treatment has been the standard. Distal hamstring avulsions require a thorough knee evaluation for isolated hamstring and/or concomitant injuries, with surgical treatment being determined based on injury pattern, including location and severity. Return to sport and activities require a graduated physical therapy program focused on restoring tissue length without excessive strain. Hamstring injury prevention programs are efficacious, but implementation and compliance are variable. The purpose of this study was to describe the current understanding of the anatomy, pathology, and treatment of hamstring injuries in athletes.
Propagation characteristics of q-Gaussian laser beam in cold collisionless plasma
Authors: Walia K. , Mehra N. , Pandit S.
Published: February 2025

The propagation characteristics of q-Gaussian laser beam in Cold Collisionless plasma are explored in current research work. In Cold Collisionless plasma, the carriers get redistributed away from axial portion due to ponderomotive force. This carrier redistribution leads to production of density gradients thereby causing self-focusing of beam. The Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin and paraxial approximations are utilized for deriving nonlinear 2nd order differential equation for beam width of the beam. Since, this differential equation can’t be solved analytically. So, numerical solution has been obtained for exploring the variation of beam width of beam against normalized propagation distance. Impact of variation in established parameters of laser and plasma such as beam intensity, beam radius, density of plasma electrons, plasma temperature and qparameter on behavior of laser beam is also examined.
Невырожденность секториальных основных состояний в майорановских цепочках с взаимодействием и ортогональной симметрией
Authors: Акопян Т. С.
Published: February 2025

Построены различные квантовые цепочки, состоящие из взаимодействующих майорановских фермионов с ароматами, которые инвариантны по отношению к вращениям и отражениям в пространстве ароматов. Пространство состояний распадается на отдельные сектора, которые характеризуются определенным набором четностей фермионов каждого аромата. Все рассматриваемые системы удовлетворяют условию Либа–Маттиса. В результате состояния с минимальной энергией в указанных секторах невырождены. Состояния, принадлежащие разным секторам, объединяются в антисимметричные по ароматам мультиплеты.
Various quantum chains consisting of interacting Majorana fermions with flavors are constructed. These systems are invariant with respect to the rotations and reflections in the flavor space. The entire space of states splits into sectors characterized by a specific set of fermionic parities related to different flavors. All systems under consideration satisfy the Lieb-Mattis condition. As a result, the lowest-energy states within individual sectors are nondegenerate. The sectorial ground states are combined into antisymmetric (in flavor numbers) multiplets․
Կառուցվում են հավելյալ քվանտային թվով (բուրմունքով) օժտված փոխազդող Մայորանայի ֆերմիոններից կազմված տարբեր տիպի շղթաներ, որոնք ինվարիանտ են պտույտների և արտացոլումների նկատմամբ: Բոլոր դիտարկված համակարգերը բավարարում են Լիբ-Մաթիսի պայմանին: Արդյունքում, բուրմունքով որոշակի ֆերմիոնային զույգությամբ սեկտորներում նվազագոիյն էներգիայի վիճակները այլասերված չեն: Տարբեր սեկտորների վիճակները կազմում են անտիսիմետրիկ մուլտիպլետներ այդ քվանտային թվերի նկատմամբ:
Assembly of AuC over deprotonated graphene oxide and its antibacterial activity: A molecular dynamics investigation
Authors:   Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu, India, Daison Felsis Angelene , Sokkar Pandian ,   School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: February 2025

Pathogenic bacteria which are resistant to antibiotics pose significant challenges in the treatment procedure. Recently, graphene-based nanoparticles (NPs) are found to display excellent antibacterial activity against such resistant strains, especially gold (Au)-decorated graphene oxide (GO) NPs. However, the mechanistic study behind its antibacterial activity is not understood and needs further research. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is routinely employed to investigate physical phenomena at the atomistic level, offering insights into the detailed mechanism behind the resistant behavior. Here, MD simulations are performed to investigate the assembly of deprotonated GO (GO−) and the Au ions (Au+) in an aqueous environment, and subsequently, the antibacterial activity of the GO−/Au+ assembly with a model bacterial membrane. The results indicate the formation of a large pore in the bacterial membrane, induced by the activity of Au+ to the phosphate head group. The activity of GO−/Au+ changes the orientation of the phosphate head group towards the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer, coupled with the flow of water molecules, ultimately disrupting the membrane integrity. The formed pore is stable for at least 100 ns with a calculated 1Gperm value of −340 kJ/mol. Our study provides further support to the mechanism of the antibacterial activity of GO−/Au+, which could help in the development of newer class of antibacterial agents.
When Claimants Can’t Pay: A new Approach to Security for Costs in Arbitration?
Authors: Stucki Loïc , Schulz Margaretha
Published: February 2025

A ground often invoked for security for costs in arbitral proceedings is the counterparty’s financial difficulties. Yet, a request on this ground is rarely successful because of one key requirement: That of a significant deterioration of finances. There is a consensus in Swiss doctrine to uphold this requirement for international arbitration. It also appears in domestic arbitration, despite the relevant provision only requiring the appearance of insolvency. However, it is not paralleled in Swiss-based litigation when it comes to security of costs. This article first examines the reasoning behind requiring a significant deterioration in finances. It then seeks to examine the justification of the requirement and proposes an adjusted approach which still seeks to adequately restrict security orders while more fairly dividing the burden of proof.
The Apple Case and Beyond: Fiscal State Aid Review is Here to Stay
Authors: Luja Raymond
Published: February 2025

On 10 September 2024, the CJEU upheld a European Commission decision to recover state aid from two Irish subsidiaries of Apple. The CJEU set aside substantial parts of the General Court’s judgment, raising the question whether it engaged in an appraisal of facts normally reserved to the latter. In the absence of a cross-appeal with respect to facts established at first instance, the CJEU had to assume that Ireland applied a regime similar to the Authorized OECD Approach (AOA) at the time. This turned out to be a gamechanger that sets the Apple case apart from previous cases like FIAT. div/div
Joining Non-signatory Third Parties to Arbitration Agreements in Jordan
Authors: Maaiteh Yazan Al
Published: February 2025

This research paper examines the legal framework of arbitration agreements in Jordan, focusing particularly on the controversial issue of involving non-signatory third parties in arbitration proceedings. The judiciary in Jordan has broadened the scope of arbitration clauses to encompass disputes involving parties not directly bound by a contract, igniting discussions about the clarity and enforcement of the Arbitration Law. The absence of extensive legal literature in Jordan has resulted in inconsistent legal practices and uncertainties in proceedings, underscoring the critical need for revisions to the Arbitration Law. By considering international conventions like the Model Law and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Convention, this paper proposes a more comprehensive legal structure that permits the addition and participation of third parties in arbitration agreements. It also explores the consequences of fundamental legal doctrines, such as the Doctrine of Privity of Contract, on arbitration agreements, with the goal of improving the legal framework for effective dispute resolution in both local and global settings. The study highlights the significance of a thoroughly documented legal literature in Jordan to guarantee a dependable legal environment conducive to domestic and international business. It scrutinizes a pivotal court ruling that extends the influence of arbitration clauses to non-signatory entities, stressing the necessity for precise comprehension of arbitration stipulations in construction contracts. In summary, this paper advocates for an all-encompassing legal system in Jordan that promotes equitable and effective dispute resolution by means of a detailed understanding of arbitration agreements and the inclusion of non-signatory third parties.
REALISMO JURÍDICO ESCANDINAVO: ALF ROSS E A RELEITURA DO DIREITO ENTRE PRAGMATISMO E CRÍTICA METAFÍSICA
Authors: Castro Ana Clara Ribeiro de Sousa , Matos Nelson Juliano Cardoso
Published: February 2025

Este artigo analisa o Realismo Jurídico Escandinavo de Alf Ross, explorando sua crítica às justificativas metafísicas para o direito e sua ênfase no pragmatismo e na construção social. O trabalho de Ross desafia o positivismo jurídico tradicional e o jusnaturalismo, defendendo uma abordagem empírica focada nos efeitos observáveis das regras legais. Ele enfatiza a importância da prática judicial e a influência de fatores sociais e psicológicos na tomada de decisões legais. O artigo aborda críticas ao trabalho de Ross, incluindo sua aparente desconsideração de fatores éticos e sua visão potencialmente limitada da função social do direito. Apesar dessas críticas, conclui-se que a obra de Ross contribui significativamente para a teoria jurídica, fornecendo uma estrutura valiosa para a compreensão da interação dinâmica entre direito, prática social e tomada de decisões judiciais, destacando a necessidade de uma perspectiva equilibrada que integre fatores sociais e éticos. Suas contribuições permanecem relevantes nos debates jurídicos contemporâneos.
ABORDAGEM TERAPÊUTICA NO USO DE DROGAS PSICOATIVAS E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA ENFERMAGEM: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Cruz Tatiane Raquel Santana da , Oliveira Danielle De Souza Gomes , Souza Kelly Mariano De , Lira Lucilo De Araújo , Tomazinho Irli Moreira , Melo Rosiane Souza de Oliveira de , Soares Rose Ramos , Toledo Marcia Cristina
Published: February 2025

O objetivo do artigo é promover uma reflexão sobre os uso de substâncias psicoativas na rede de atenção psicossocial. O uso de drogas gera preocupação para os serviços de saúde. A política de redução de danos, estabelecida na política nacional de atenção integral a usuários de drogas, é um modelo consolidado no país a partir de experiências reconhecidas internacionalmente. O estudo, trata-se de uma análise bibliográfica com enfoque narrativa sobre abordagem terapêutica no uso de drogas psicoativas na enfermagem. Concluiu-se que profissionais de saúde e aos profissionais que atuam na rede de atenção psicossocial e em serviços de apoio às famílias de usuários de substâncias psicoativas, que assumam uma postura compreensiva e inclusiva para evitar o uso precoce de substâncias psicoativas, auxiliar aqueles já envolvidos a não se tornarem dependentes e, aos que estão dependentes, oferecer meios para o abandono da droga ou padrões de uso com menos danos. A enfermagem facilita o acesso e o acolhimento qualificado aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas e à sua família, além de fortalecer as práticas de enfrentamento ao uso de substâncias psicoativas de forma contínua e integral. No entanto, é necessário realizar mais pesquisas sobre os efeitos das ações profissionais nos contextos das pessoas.
A CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE A MANUTENÇÃO DE EQUIPAMENTOS DE MINA E OS CUSTOS OPERACIONAIS
Authors: Souza Eliane Alves , Costa Leandro de Vilhena
Published: February 2025

O investimento direcionado aos veículos usados na mineração para o transporte minério e estéril, corresponde a uma parte significativa de um projeto minerário. Além dos gastos iniciais na aquisição desses ativos, que podem ser substanciais, os custos contínuos incluem também a manutenção, reparo e operação. Portanto, uma gestão eficaz dos equipamentos, incluindo a implementação de estratégias de manutenção preventiva e preditiva, é fundamental no controle de custos e otimização do uso dessas máquinas para que haja um retorno sobre o investimento aplicado. Nesse contexto, este projeto faz uma análise através de pesquisas bibliográficas, evidenciando de que forma a gestão da manutenção mecânica aplicada aos equipamentos da mineração, impacta diretamente na produção de mineradoras e consequentemente em seus custos.
Alcohol Induced Hypoglycemia in Patient with Suspected Chronic Liver Dysfunction-A Case in Remote Area
Authors: Chandra Berlan , Adhy Widhyanto P. , Bulan Jeffren
Published: February 2025

Alcohol has profound effects on glucose metabolism. Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia is rare in healthy individuals with good glycogen reserve, but may be life-threatening in individuals with silent chronic liver dysfunction, due to liver inability to manage glucose uptake. A 39-year-old male was admitted to the emergency room with sudden convulsion after taking local alcoholic beverages. A very low blood glucose level and significantly elevated liver enzyme levels were detected. The patient was stable after 3 days of intensive care without repeated phase of hypoglycemia.
Profile of Neonatal Mortality in Dr M Haulussy Regional Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Thiono Marischa Tita , Polanunu Masayu Ramadhani
Published: February 2025

Background: The infant mortality rate (IMR) is one of the indicators commonly used to determine overall public welfare. This study aims to look deeper into the profile of neonatal mortality in Maluku region, particularly at dr. M. Haulussy Regional Hospital. Methods: This study was conducted on the neonatal population in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of dr. M.Haulussy Regional Hospital DR M Haulussy from January 1, 2022, to August 31, 2023. A total of 34 neonates met the inclusion criteria. Results: The main factors causing neonatal death were respiratory failure/asphyxia, LBW, and sepsis with the percentage of 25.6%, 24.4%, and 22.2% respectively. Conclusion: The most common factors of neonatal mortality in this sample population were respiratory failure/asphyxia, LBW/BBLR/BBLT, and sepsis.
Manifestasi Kelainan Paru pada Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik
Authors: Apriance Yessi , Kurniati Roza , Fauzar
Published: February 2025

Lupus eritematosus sistemik (systemic lupus erythematosus/SLE) merupakan kelainan autoimun dengan perjalanan penyakit sangat dinamis dan manifestasi klinis bervariasi. Dengan keterlibatan saluran pernapasan sebesar 50%-70%, kelainan paru merupakan salah satu penyebab tingginya morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien SLE. Mortalitas tinggi pada pasien SLE dengan kelainan paru berkontribusi pada kelangsungan hidup pasien dengan hazard ratio 3,13. Artikel ini membahas manifestasi kelainan paru pada pasien SLE.
Alteration of sleep behavior among office workers and its physiological perspectives during lockdown with its future implication: A mini-review
Authors: Biswas Ankita , Sahu Subhashis
Published: February 2025

People worldwide experienced diverse health issues due to the sudden pandemic outbreak, which changed their lifestyles and work patterns. Consequently, due to the switch from the traditional work schedule, there was a significant shift in office workers’ work schedules, where “work-from-home” became the new normal. There is sporadic evidence regarding different physiological problems among the general population in this pandemic literature; however, very few studies have documented alterations of temporal behavior in office employees of corporate sectors. This present article reviewed and summarized existing research results that looked into the health consequences of the pandemic-induced new normal life and its effects on office workers’ physical and mental health. This review will contribute to a deeper insight into the root issues of long-term sleep disturbances with the physical and mental health concerns that the epidemic has brought about in the corporate population.
A comparative study of eosinophil count in nasal smear and peripheral blood smear in allergic and non-allergic rhinitis patients
Authors: Chaudhary Saroj , Kumar Umesh , Kumar Mahesh , Dube Amitabh
Published: February 2025

Background: Allergic rhinitis is mediated by an immunoglobulin E (IgE) Type-1 inflammatory disorder of the nasal membrane following exposure to an allergen, characterized by the presence of one or more symptoms that include sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea. Mucosal inflammation in allergic rhinitis is characterized by tissue eosinophilia. The present study has been designed to verify the specificity and sensitivity of nasal smears in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis compared to the gold standard of peripheral blood smears. Methods: Our study was conducted on 90 patients with allergic rhinitis and 90 age-sex-matched controls of non-allergic rhinitis. Smears were obtained from nasal secretions and peripheral blood. Smears from both groups were fixed and stained, and studied under light microscopy. Results: In allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of nasal smear tests were 76.66%, 87.77%, 86.25%, and 79%, respectively. The present study documented the premise that a significant difference in nasal smear and peripheral blood smear eosinophil count exists in patients of allergic rhinitis as compared to the counts of normal health adults, exemplifying the fact that nasal eosinophilia could act as an informative first tool of point of contact for the provisional diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: Nasal smear eosinophil cytology is a simple, economical, and semi-invasive procedure that could be used as a diagnostic and prognostic test for patients suffering from allergic rhinitis.
Microplastic pollution: A potent threat for metabolic disruption in mammals
Authors: Pal Sudipta
Published: February 2025

Polystyrene (PS) is one of the major primary microplastics that are factory-made and widely used as consumer goods, insulation materials, and equipment used in information technology. Animals are exposed to PS via freshwater, marine water, drinking water, food, and atmosphere, as well as via agroecosystems due to their low density, strong durability, and small size characteristics. Several health problems are caused by polystyrene, such as neurotoxicity, digestive disorders, reproductive dysfunction, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative damage in marine creatures. Sub-acute oral exposure to different doses of polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) in male Wistar rats stimulated glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle as evidenced by depletion of tissue glycogen. Pyruvic acid in the kidney and skeletal muscle was reduced in a dose-dependent fashion after PS-MP exposure. Free amino nitrogen was significantly increased in muscle, whereas it decreased in the kidney. The LDH function was compromised in skeletal muscle whereas enhanced in the kidney following PS-MP exposure. Glucose 6-phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were stimulated in the kidneys of the PS-MP-exposed rats, whereas transaminase activities were deceased in both kidney and skeletal muscle after polystyrene exposure. It is submitted that sub-acute polystyrene exposure significantly altered glucose metabolism in renal and skeletal muscle by decreasing glycolysis, as well as by stimulating the TCA cycle and gluconeogenic activities in the renal tissue of rats. Metabolic adjustment was made differentially in skeletal muscle and kidney of exposed animals in accordance with dose-dependent alteration of biochemical and enzymatic parameters.
Determination of immunogenicity following anti-rabies vaccination in elephants (Elephas maximus maximus) of Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage, Sri Lanka: A proposal
Authors: Karunarathne R.N.S. , Bandara M.R.B.N. , Rathnadiwakara H. , Cliquet F. , Wasniewski M. , Thibault J.C. , Rajapaksa R.C. , Dangolla A. , Gunatilake M.
Published: February 2025

Rabies is a vaccine-preventable fatal viral disease, which affects both domestic and wild mammals. The main reservoir species of rabies in Sri Lanka is dogs. Elephants, being mammals, are also susceptible to rabies but, no detailed controlled study has been done concerning anti-rabies immunogenicity. This research project focuses on determining the pattern of immunogenicity in both routinely vaccinated and zero-positive Sri Lankan elephants following anti-rabies vaccination (ARV). 30 easily accessible elephants from the Pinnawala elephant orphanage will be used as the routinely vaccinated group of elephants. This group of elephants will be randomly allocated into two groups (n=15 elephants each) a year after the initial anti-rabies vaccination. Two previously unvaccinated calves will be selected as the zero-positive control group of the study, and they will be allocated into two groups (A, B). All elephants will be immunized using 1ml of ARV while elephants in zero positive control group B will be immunized using 2ml of ARV as the first dose. A blood sample will be collected before vaccination in all elephants. Post-vaccination blood samples will be collected on planned dates from the different study groups. Sample analysis of the study will be done by FAVN test and ELISA.
Impact of six weeks of athletic training on body composition, physical fitness, and physiological determinants of short-distance runners
Authors: Ghosh Soumyadip , Bera SayanJyoti , Ghosh Kingshuk , Singha Pritee , Jana Atanu , Manna Indranil
Published: February 2025

Background: The present study has been designed to investigate the effects of six weeks of training on body composition, physical fitness, and physiological determinants of short-distance runners. Methods: A total of 75 male volunteers (age: 18–20 years) were included in this study, among them fifteen were excluded. The rest sixty volunteers were divided into: (i) the control group (CG, n = 30) and (ii) the experimental group (EG, n = 30). The volunteers of EG underwent a training programme (4 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks), and the volunteers of CG were involved in recreational activities. Selected performance determinants were determined at the base line and after six week of study. Results and Discussion: A significant increase (p < 0.05) in LBM, strength of grip, back, leg, upper body, abdomen muscles, anaerobic power, explosive power of legs, flexibility, VO2max, FEV1, FVC, and PEFR; and a decrease (p < 0.05) in body fat percentage, 30 m sprint time, resting blood pressure, heart rate response during exercise and recovery, and peak blood lactate level were noted among the participants of EG following the intervention. The changes observed were due to the effects of training among the sprinters. Interpretation: The present study showed that six weeks of training had a significant impact on selected body composition, physical fitness, and physiological variables of the short-distance runners, which are related to their performance. Extensive research is needed on a large sample size to observe the effects of long-term training on performance determinants of the short-distance runners.
Simultaneous blockade of TLR4 and TNFR1 attenuates TLR2 sensitivity in LPS-stimulated macrophages through TNFR2-mediated pathway
Authors: Biswadev Bishayi  , Dey Rajen , Ghosh Rituparna , Kanwar Mehak
Published: February 2025

Background: Recent studies have found TLR2 to be a significant player in initiating immune responses in the host during bacterial infection. Macrophage polarization is one of the vital factors in the amelioration of sepsis. It is well established that recognition and binding of LPS with cell surface TLR4 could induce the production of a wide array of pro-inflammatory cytokines that initiate an organism’s inflammatory responses. Recent studies claimed that augmented expression of TLR2 shows better responsiveness to LPS, thus increasing its affinity to the ligand. Objectives: Our study attempts to demonstrate the underlying mechanisms of how TLR2 sensitivity is altered during the simultaneous blocking of TLR4 and TNFR1 and how TLR2 contributes towards the phenotypic switching of macrophages. We were also interested to see whether blocking TLR4, in any way, affects the LPS/TLR2 interactions and influences some major cytokine receptors. Materials and Methods: Murine peritoneal macrophages (5×106 cells/ml) were pre-treated with TLR4 and TNFR1 antibody (alone or in combination) and then stimulated with LPS for 60 min. FACS analyses were performed to determine M1 and M2 polarized cell populations. Assays from the cell-free supernatant determined ROS generation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined from the cell-free lysate. Western blot analysis was used to determine receptor expressions. Results: Our results indicated that blocking both receptors markedly reduced ROS levels due to its scavenging by the elevated antioxidant enzymes. Western blot data confirmed that combinatorial blockade of TLR4 and TNFR1 augmented TLR2 and TNFR2 expression in contrast to the attenuation of IL-1R. Conclusion: Therefore, the regulation of TLR2 expression was found to be TLR4-dependent, and it can show reduced NF-κB activation in response to LPS in TLR4 and TNFR1 blocked macrophages. Moreover, dual blocking can promote M2 polarization by up-regulating TNFR2. This approach could be taken as an alternative therapeutic strategy to treat LPS-sepsis.
Pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease and available treatments: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ahire Snehal , Deo Ankita , Marathe Sayali , Bose Tania
Published: February 2025

Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurogenerative disease. It affects the motor neurons resulting in muscle weakness and causing death of the patient. Multiple factors like genetic, environmental, as well as age involved in the etiopathogenesis of ALS. ALS is a highly complex and equally challenging disease that involves various pathogenesis linked with progressive motor neuron degeneration, it is difficult to have a single therapeutic target against the disease. Till date only a few drugs have been FDA-approved, while many are still under clinical trials. Hence reducing the number of viable treatment options. Some drugs like Riluzole, Tafamidis, and Edaravon are the only drugs given to ALS patients. As data suggest, these drugs exceed the lifespan of ALS patients by only a few months, but are unable to treat ALS permanently. In this review, we are discussing the pathophysiology mechanism and the presently available drug treatment for the pathophysiology of ALS. All the data are collected from PubMed open sources
Low back pain among hospital nurses: the interplay of underlying factors
Authors: Chowdhury Upasana , Das Tamal , Mazumder Sahana , Somnath Gangopadhyay
Published: February 2025

Background. Low back pain (LBP) is a wide-reaching phenomenon among nurses. In a country like India, the scenario is not different although the prevalence of multiple causal factors and their consequences on nurses has yet to be convincingly demonstrated. Objective. This study examined the relationship between LBP and other causative variables in female registered nurses in West Bengal, India. Methods. With the multiphase sampling method, subjects with LBP and subjects without discomfort were chosen using the Modified Nordic Questionnaire. Among the final study subjects the Physical Activity Level (PAL) and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) were performed. The daily nursing activities were analysed using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool. The correlation analyses and χ2 tests were performed using SPSS version 23 software. Results. Few Demand scales and Role Conflict scale were found to be strongly related to LBP. Among the daily tasks analyzed two activities showed high-risk scores, indicating immediate investigation and ten activities showed medium risk. Conclusion. This study showed the connection between various psychosocial variables and LBP as well as the risk-prone body postures that nurses adopt when performing routine jobs. Investigating the intricate interaction of variables that may impact or promote LBP in Indian nurses is crucial.
Tissue-specific tendencies of bioaccumulation of PCB 169 in freshwater fish Rasbora daniconius
Authors: Bhagade Advait
Published: February 2025

Chronic exposure of the freshwater fish Rasbora daniconius to a sub-lethal concentration of the Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl Congener No. 169 for a continued period of 30 days showed its bioaccumulation in the fish tissues. Collection of samples of some tissues, viz. the gills, kidney, intestine and liver, on every 5th day of exposure, has provided the data for a comparative study of the extent of bioaccumulation in them. Maximum bioaccumulation is seen in the gills, while the least in the liver of the fish.
The future of physiology education: Igniting curiosity and innovation through modern teaching methods
Authors: Basak Asim Kumar
Published: February 2025

Since the 19th century the importance of physiology as a natural science emerged. There has been a great importance of physiology in the health sector, and thereby the immense expansion of the subject of physiology in education. But in recent eras due to the emergence of multiple branches in the healthcare sector and some other factors, the scope of physiology is getting narrowing. Moreover, the present arena is now considered the age of translational research. But simply by ignoring the basic or fundamental research, there can not be the emergence of a new translational field or even the success of translational research and, thereby, the betterment of our society. This article focuses on challenges and new scopes of the physiologist at this crucial juncture so that there can be a generation of curiosity among the learners to explore the basic or fundamental concept of physiology where there is an immense role of recent developments of teaching-learning methodologies in physiology education and subsequently research.
Association between early enteral nutrition and clinical outcomes in critically ill obese Indian patients: An observational study
Authors: S. Ramya  , L. Uthira  , R. Ebenzer
Published: February 2025

Background: Guidelines for the critically ill obese recommend initiating nutrition support within 24-48 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. However, very few studies have reported the effect of early enteral nutrition (EN) in this population. This study evaluated the impact of initiating EN within 12 hours of ICU admission on clinical outcomes in critically ill obese Indian patients. Methods: The study included 140 intubated critically ill obese patients (WHO-Asian obese BMI classification) with a minimum three-day ICU stay. Patients receiving EN within 12 hours (early EN, n=71) of admission were compared with patients initiated on EN after 12 hours (late EN, n=69). Key outcomes included the percentage of target calories and proteins achieved on day three, total calories and proteins delivered, mechanical ventilation days, ICU length of stay (LOS), LOS-hospital, and mortality. Results: The early EN group received significantly higher target calories (84% vs. 78%; p=0.05) and proteins (79% vs. 72%; p=0.05) on day three. The early EN was associated with significantly fewer mechanical ventilation days (6.5 ± 3.5 vs. 9.01 ± 6.1days; p=0.024), LOS-ICU (10 ± 3.5 vs. 14.2 ± 9 days; p=0.009) and LOS-Hospital (15.5 ± 8.1 vs. 24.9 ± 12.5 days; p=<0.001). Mortality rates were similar (18% vs 16%; p=0.71). Conclusion: In critically ill obese Indian patients, EN initiation within 12 hours of ICU admission leads to shorter mechanical ventilation days, LOS-ICU, and LOS-hospital.
Continuing Discrimination in the times of technology: Women, Work, Algorithms and Law in India
Authors: Chandak Sejal
Published: February 2025

Human societies are discriminatory. So, it has been an unrelenting effort to eliminate what divides us. While there have been leapfrog developments in this regard, we need to consider newer challenges now that technology is taking over public and private spaces. The author, in this article, discusses gender-based algorithmic discrimination in workplaces and argues that there is an urgent need to enforce laws for regulating algorithmic discrimination. India is in a precarious position. It has been consistently faring poorly when it comes to the gender gap in work. It lacks a comprehensive and codified anti-discriminatory law; and lacks laws to deal with algorithmic discrimination. The withdrawn Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, the Draft Digital Data Protection Bill, 2022 and the Digital Personal

Data Protection Act, 2023, do not effectively deal with gender discrimination. The parliament is now considering introducing the Digital India Act to give a much-needed overhaul to the country’s antiquated technology laws. The article focuses on the current labour and technology laws, the withdrawn bills, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, and the discussion around the Digital India Act to argue that there is a need to specifically consider algorithmic gender discrimination. Further, it culls out the lessons that India can learn from the global developments in this field.
Intervention of Bacterial Leaf Streak of Wheat Through Neem Mediated Copper and Zinc Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Manzoor Aleena , Ahmad Hadeed , Aslam Maryam , Atif Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa, is a significant disease affecting wheat crops, leading to considerable yield loss globally. In response to this, green-synthesized nanoparticles offer a promising alternative to traditional chemical treatments, providing both disease management and environmental sustainability. The study evaluated the effectiveness of green-synthesized nanoparticles, including Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and their combination (Cu+Zn), in controlling bacterial leaf streak (BLS) in wheat. A greenhouse trial was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates for each treatment and nanoparticle concentration (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%). The findings revealed that Cu+Zn nanoparticles achieved the highest reduction in disease incidence (20.5%), followed by Zn nanoparticles (25.6%) and Cu nanoparticles (28.7%) compared to the untreated control. Similarly, a field experiment designed as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates per treatment supported these results. Cu+Zn nanoparticles reduced disease incidence to 23.8%, while Zn nanoparticles and Cu nanoparticles showed reductions of 27.9% and 31.2%, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of neem-mediated copper-zinc hybrid nanoparticles as an effective and environmentally friendly approach for managing bacterial leaf streak in wheat, offering a promising alternative to chemical pesticides.
Potassium Quantification for Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) under the Agroecological Conditions of District Swabi
Authors: Rehmani Urooj , Manzoor Danish , Jalal Rashid , Khan Muhammad Mehdi , Mansoor Muhammad Abdullah Khan , Shah Iftikhar , Hamzeh Muhammad , Mastoi Abdul Hafeez , Shar Sadam Hussain , Ali Majid
Published: February 2025

The present study was conducted at Agriculture Research Station Bamkhel, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to observe the effect of different potassium (K2O) levels on wheat productivity. Wheat variety Pirsabak-2004 was tested for different potassium (K2O) levels of 0, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Statistical analysis of the data showed a significant (P≤0.05) effect of different potassium (K2O) levels on emergence m-2, tillers m-2, 1000 grains weight (g) and grain yield (kg ha-1) while a non-significant (P>0.05) effect on leaf area (cm2), plant height (cm), spike length (cm) and grains spike-1. The data revealed highest leaves plant-1 (5.66) and plant height (86.66 cm) for potassium (K2O) level of 60 kg ha-1. The results further indicated highest leaf area (45.53 cm2) for plots treated with potassium (K2O) level of 70 kg ha-1. Similarly, maximum tillers (192.44 m-2), spike length (10.33 cm), 1000 grains weight (35.33g) and grain yield (5168 kg ha-1) were recorded for plots applied with potassium (K2O) at the rate of 80 kg ha-1. The maximum emergence (48.66 m-2) and grains spike-1 (40.86) were noted for potassium (K2O) level of 90 kg ha-1. It was concluded that potassium (K2O) level of 80 kg ha-1 resulted in maximum growth and yield components than all other treatments under study.
Translation Problems: Challenges for Students When Learning English
Authors:   An associate professor of “Foreign languages” department of Karshi State Technical University, Uzbekistan, Djumaeva G.A.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the study of translation problems faced by students when learning English. The main difficulties encountered at various stages of translation, including lexical, grammatical, and cultural problems, as well as semantic errors, are considered. Special attention is paid to how these issues affect the quality of translation and the overall learning process. The article also suggests methods and approaches to overcome these difficulties, such as the use of context, the development of cultural competence and the use of modern technologies. The results of the study can be useful for both English language teachers and students seeking to improve their translation and language comprehension skills.
The Role of Terminology in Teaching German To Technical Students
Authors:   A senior teacher of “Foreign languages” department of Karshi State Technical University, Uzbekistan, Juraeva Yu.R.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the importance of terminology in the process of teaching German to students of technical specialties. Special attention is paid to the specifics of technical vocabulary, methods of its study and integration into the educational process. Modern approaches to teaching a professionally oriented language are analyzed and recommendations for effective assimilation of the terminological apparatus are given.
Artistic Details in Historical Dramas of The Independence Period
Authors:   Institute of Uzbek Language, Literature and Folklore basic doctoral student, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Atadjanov Gulomjon
Published: February 2025

This article examines the artistic details in the plots of historical dramas created during the years of independence. The meanings of artistic details in the work are also discussed.
QOFormulación: Una aplicació gamificada per a l’ensenyament de la formulació en química orgànica
Authors: Heras Paniagua Carlos , Jiménez Valverde Gregorio
Published: February 2025

La formulació en química orgànica sovint es percep com un repte per a l’alumnat. QOFormulación és una aplicació educativa gratuïta, disponible a Google Play Store, que introdueix la gamificació com a estratègia per fer aquest procés més accessible, atractiu i efectiu. Mitjançant nivells progressius, activitats interactives i retroalimentació immediata, l’app fomenta un aprenentatge actiu i personalitzat. L’estructura pedagògica inclou introduccions teòriques breus, exemples detallats i tres tipus d'exercicis, tot facilitant la consolidació dels coneixements. Disponible en diversos idiomes, permet arribar a estudiants de diferents orígens lingüístics. A més, QOFormulación proporciona eines per a docents, com la creació de classes virtuals i el seguiment del progrés dels estudiants, adaptant-se tant a necessitats individuals com grupals.
Mulheres, violências e os desafios das decisões judiciais com perspectiva de gênero
Authors: Wenczenovicz Thaís Janaína , Locateli Cláudia Cinara , Kapp Diviane Peretti
Published: February 2025

Este artigo problematiza o patriarcado como um discurso normativo que define papéis familiares, invisibiliza violências e perpetua a subordinação das mulheres. É pelos fluxos e processos de subjetivação da superioridade masculina que as assimetrias que afetam o gênero se eternizam. Embora a interseccionalidade tenha potencial para aprofundar as análises das opressões que atingem as mulheres em situações de discriminação cruzada de gênero, raça e classe, a subjetivação das relações de poder naturalizam violências. O objetivo geral é analisar os limites das diretrizes do Protocolo para Julgamento com Perspectiva de Gênero diante da subjetividade das violências não tipificadas no ordenamento jurídico. A pesquisa bibliográfica e investigativa evidenciou que, apesar das diretrizes adotadas pelo protocolo para Julgamento com Perspectiva de Gênero, o patriarcado atua subjetivando violências que relegam às mulheres a exercerem funções relacionadas à procriação, cuidado e subserviência. As diretrizes são insuficientes para avançar na equidade de gênero por invisibilizar, pela romantização, práticas violentas de maternar e cuidar dos filhos.
Transdisciplinaridade e Saúde em debate: análise de dissertações e teses brasileiras
Authors: Costa Wanderson Moura , Tozzo Ana Paula da Silva , Antunes Alice Prado de Azevedo , Ambros Gustavo do Amaral , Rangel Ana Carolina Fonseca , Santos Mariana Marques dos , Fiaschi Bárbara Angelo , Ferreira Léslie Piccolotto
Published: February 2025

A perspectiva transdisciplinar pode representar um saber complexo e multidimensional e a área da saúde no Brasil mostrou movimentações com práticas transdisciplinares que norteiam o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi mapear o que tem sido produzido em dissertações e teses brasileiras que remetem ao termo Transdisciplinaridade e Saúde. Foi realizado um estudo bibliométrico na plataforma da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações com esses termos. Dentre as 58 defendidas entre 2018-2022 constatou-se que a maioria é dissertação de mestrado (35-60,3%), defendida em instituições públicas (45-77,6%), situadas na região Sudeste (31-53,4%), predominantemente das áreas de Saúde (23-39,7%) e Humanas (21- 36,2%) e do tipo observacional (24-41%). Apenas 17(29,3%) dos trabalhos são transdisciplinares, fazendo uso da metodologia transdisciplinar. Conclusão: a produção ainda é restrita, muitas vezes com uso do termo e metodologia de forma equivocada.
Produção audiovisual independente no Brasil e startups: um paralelo sob a perspectiva da teoria de hierarquia das fontes de financiamento
Authors: Sobrinho Carlos Augusto Curcio da Silva , Fouto Nuno Manoel Martins Dias
Published: February 2025

Foram analisadas as dinâmicas de financiamento do setor audiovisual independente no Brasil, propondo um modelo adaptado da teoria de hierarquia das fontes de financiamento a partir de um paralelo com startups. Foi investigada a relação entre as características do setor, como alta incerteza e predominância de ativos intangíveis, e as escolhas de financiamento. Utilizaram-se palavras-chave pesquisadas no Google Acadêmico para identificar estudos sobre a aplicação dessa teoria em produções audiovisuais brasileiras, ampliando-se o escopo para temas correlatos como financiamento cultural e startups, devido à ausência de material específico. Longas-metragens brasileiras independentes, certificadas como produtos nacionais, foram selecionadas para comparação com startups, com base em suas semelhanças descritas na literatura, e as evidências empíricas foram encontradas no relatório Mapeamento e Impacto Econômico do Setor Audiovisual no Brasil (2016), que categoriza as fontes de recursos e analisa a relação risco-retorno no financiamento. Evidenciou-se que produtoras independentes priorizam financiamento na seguinte ordem: recursos gerados internamente, recursos não reembolsáveis, participação societária e dívida, sequência semelhante ao padrão observado em startups. A análise também destacou a relevância dos subsídios governamentais e a aplicabilidade da Pecking Order reversa nesse contexto. Concluiu-se que o modelo proposto oferece uma base teórica para discussões futuras, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de financiamento mais adequadas às peculiaridades do setor
Níveis séricos de vitamina E e sua relação com PSA em pacientes com câncer de próstata atendidos em um serviço de radioterapia
Authors: Salman Alís Hassan , Anjos Larissa Moreira dos , Santos Kele da Silva , Guimarães Geovana Marques , Pinto Mariana Pereira , Franca Giulia Nogueira , Franca Carla Ribeiro Nogueira , Franca Carlos Antonio da Silva
Published: February 2025

Justificativa e objetivos: No Brasil, são elevados os números de óbitos por câncer de próstata. A vitamina E é um potente antioxidante, mas poucos estudos relacionam seus níveis séricos a um pior estadiamento dessa doença, evidenciando a necessidade de novas pesquisas. O objetivo, portanto, foi avaliar os níveis vitamina E em pacientes com câncer de próstata e sua relação com níveis séricos de PSA. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e longitudinal. Foram avaliados os níveis de vitamina E e PSA inicial de pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de próstata atendidos em uma unidade de Radioterapia. Os pontos de cortes para vitamina E utilizados foram < 1,0 (depleção) e ≥ 1,0 mg/dl (normal). Resultados: Foram avaliados 44 pacientes com idade média de 66,9 anos (59-81 / IC95% 65-68,8 / DP ± 6,2), sendo 70,5% pardos/negros e 29,5% brancos. O PSA inicial médio foi de 13,9 ng/ml (4,8-39,4 / IC95% 11,3-16,6 / DP ± 8,6). A média de vitamina E foi 1,49 mg/ml (0,50-3,00 / IC95% 1,28-1,68 / DP ± 0,65), onde 29 pacientes tinham valores ≥ 1,00 mg/dl e 15 pacientes com valores < 1,00 mg/dl. O PSA médio no grupo vitamina E ≥ 1,00 mg/dl foi de 11,3 ng/ml (4,8-36,0 / IC95% 8,9-13,7 / DP ± 6,2) e no grupo < 1,00 mg/dl foi de 19,1 ng/ml (6,1-39,4 / IC95% 13,4-25,0 / DP ± 10,3) (p < 0,005). Conclusões: Pacientes com níveis plasmáticos mais baixos de vitamina E apresentam PSA significativamente mais alto, sugerindo maior agressividade tumoral.
Abdome agudo obstrutivo secundário a intussuscepção intestinal devido a melanoma intestinal primário
Authors: Lopes Felipe Andrade , Gonçalves Barbara Soares , Alonso Juliana Monteiro , Branco Renata de Melo , Harada Larissa , Ambrosano Barbara Miranda , Robertoni Dennis Baird Davison , Souza Alexandre Venancio de
Published: February 2025

Introdução: O melanoma intestinal secundário corresponde a um terço dos tumores metastáticos desse sítio, entretanto o diagnóstico é realizado em apenas 0,9 a 5% dos casos devido a sintomas inespecíficos. Relato de caso: O relato de caso apresentado de um paciente masculino, 34 anos, sem antecedentes prévios patológicos. Foi internado devido sintomas inespecíficos de abdome agudo obstrutivo como manifestação inicial de melanoma intestinal primário. Paciente veio a óbito após complicações no pós-operatório de metastectomia cerebelar após 10 meses do início do quadro. Conclusão: O melanoma intestinal primário é raro e seu diagnóstico tardio, consequentemente seu prognóstico é ruim. As opções de tratamento estão avançando e, atualmente, há opções de tratamento sistêmicos, tendo o tratamento cirúrgico exclusivo restrito para certos casos, como o do caso relatado.