bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket: Circle of Security (COS) International – Parenting (COS-P) (2. utg.)
Authors: Rye Marte , Eng Helene
Published: August 2024

Bakgrunn: Circle of Security (COS), eller Trygghetssirkelen på norsk, er en gruppe intervensjoner utviklet for å fremme god tilknytning mellom foreldre og barn. Intervensjonene retter seg primært mot foreldrenes evne til å forstå barnets grunnleggende behov for trygghet, tilhørighet og autonomi slik at barnets trygghetsfølelse og selvforståelse øker.Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen beskriver Circle of Security - International Parenting (COS-P), som er en forebyggende gruppeintervensjon rettet mot foreldre. Tiltaket er utviklet for å tilbys familier uten kjent risiko for utvikling av tilknytningsproblematikk. I Norge driftes tiltaket av Tilknytningspsykologene i samarbeid med Circle of Security International i USA.
Metode: Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen bygger på et systematisk litteratursøk i databasene Embase, Medline og Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS, CINAHL og SweMed. Det er også søkt i internasjonale kunnskapsdatabaser om evidens samt innhentet informasjon om tiltaket fra tiltakseier. Litteratursøk og annen innhentet informasjon ble gjennomgått for å identifisere nordiske effektstudier, internasjonale oppsummeringsstudier og eventuelt andre norske studier om tiltaket.
Resultater: Resultatene består av en vurdering av tiltakets beskrivelse, foreliggende studier og implementer-ingskvalitet. COS-VG vurderes som et godt beskrevet tiltak med en god teoretisk forankring. Det finnes en nordisk effektstudie av tiltaket, hvor det ikke ble funnet noen signifikant forskjell i effekt mellom en gruppe som mottok COS-P i tillegg til vanlig behandling (TAU) og en annen gruppe som mottok kun TAU. Det er dermed usikker hvilken virkning tiltaket faktisk har med tanke på å kunne fremme trygg tilknytning.
Konklusjon: COS-P klassifiseres på evidensnivå 2 – Teoretisk begrunnet tiltak.
Kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket: Telemarksmodellen: Vegen blir til mens vi går den sammen (1.utg.)
Authors: Halvorsen Marianne Berg , Rustad Kristen Buck
Published: August 2024

Bakgrunn: Telemarksmodellen er en kursrekke utviklet for å fremme psykisk helse og forebygge sosiale vansker for barn som har forståelsesvansker i form av en lett psykisk utviklingshemming. Kursene gis når barnet går på mellomtrinnet i barneskole, ungdomstrinnet og i videregående skole. Formen er psykoedukativ hvor en veksler mellom informasjon, råd, veiledning og samtale om et hverdagsliv med forståelsesvansker. En slik terapeutisk kunnskapsformidling og møte med andre i samme situasjon, ansees å bidra til økt mestring og kompetanse.
Denne artikkelen beskriver Telemarksmodellen. Det er et tiltak som tilbys barn som får diagnosen lett psykisk utviklingshemming og deres foresatte. Tiltaket gis i etterkant av diagnostisk utredning i Habilitering for barn og unge (HABU) i Sykehuset Telemark. Kursrekken gis i separate grupper hvor barna, ungdommene og foresatte har hvert sitt kursprogram. Tema i kursene er knyttet til aktuelle livsfaser og omhandler kropp, hygiene, fritid, vennskap, pubertet, seksuell helse, arbeid og hjelpestønader. Tiltaket er utviklet av og driftes av HABU Sykehuset Telemark.
Metode: Denne gjennomgangen er basert på tilsendt informasjon fra utvikleren av Telemarksmodellen, i tillegg til litteratursøk etter studier om tiltaket. Søket ble gjennomført i databasene Embase, Medline og Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Cristin, NORA, Norart, SCOPUS, SweMed+, Cambell, NREPP, NICE, Blueprint, Helsebiblioteket.no, CEBC, Vidensportalen, Metodeguiden og CINAHL plus with Full Text.
Resultater: Resultatene består av en vurdering av tiltakets beskrivelse, foreliggende effektstudier, forskningsmetodisk kvalitet og implementeringskvalitet. Det ble ikke identifisert noen studier som har undersøkt effekt eller evalueringer av Telemarksmodellen. I materialet som foreligger fremstår ikke Telemarksmodellen å være beskrevet for å gi ekstern opplæring i metoden. Tiltaket virker kun å være gjennomført ved Sykehuset Telemark. Det foreligger ingen implementeringsplaner og derfor heller ikke noen beskrevet implementeringsstrategi.
Konklusjon: Basert på Ungsinn sine kriterier klassifiseres Telemarksmodellen på evidensnivå 1- godt beskrevne tiltak.
Kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket: Circle of Security Virginia – Familiemodellen (COS-VF, 2. utg.)
Authors: Eng Helene , Rye Marte , Ulvund Stein Erik
Published: August 2024

Bakgrunn: Circle of security (COS), eller Trygghetssirkelen på norsk, er en gruppe intervensjoner utviklet for å fremme god tilknytning mellom foreldre og barn. Intervensjonene retter seg primært mot foreldrenes evne til å forstå barnets grunnleggende behov for trygghet, tilhørighet og autonomi slik at barnets trygghetsfølelse og selvforståelse øker.
Denne artikkelen beskriver Circle of Security (COS) Virginia – Familiemodellen (COS-VF), som er en terapeutisk intervensjon rettet mot enkelt-familier. Tiltaket kan brukes når barn har utviklet, eller er i risiko for å utvikle, tilknytningsproblematikk. Tiltaket driftes av Regionsenter for barn og unges psykiske helse Øst og Sør (RBUP Øst og Sør).
Metode: Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen bygger på et systematisk litteratursøk i databasene Embase, Medline og Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS og SweMed. Det er også søkt i internasjonale kunnskapsdatabaser om evidens, samt innhentet informasjon om tiltaket fra tiltakseier. Litteratursøk og annen innhentet informasjon ble gjennomgått for å identifisere nordiske effektstudier, internasjonale oppsummeringsstudier og eventuelt andre norske studier om tiltaket.
Resultater: Resultatene består av en vurdering av tiltakets beskrivelse, foreliggende studier og implementeringskvalitet. COS-VF vurderes som et tilfredsstillende beskrevet tiltak med en god teoretisk forankring. Det finnes derimot ingen nordiske studier eller internasjonale kunnskapsoppsummeringer der effektene av tiltaket er undersøkt. Dette innebærer at det er usikkert hvilken virkning tiltaket faktisk har med tanke på å kunne forbedre samspillsmønstre og fremme trygg tilknytning. Tiltaket har en god implementeringsstrategi som sannsynliggjør at tiltaket tilbys slik det er tenkt i tjenestene.
Konklusjon: COS-VF klassifiseres på evidensnivå 2 – Teoretisk begrunnede tiltak.
Kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket: De Utrolige Årene Universalprogrammet (1. utg.)
Authors: Drozd Filip , Hansen Ketil Lenert
Published: August 2024

Bakgrunn: Denne artikkelen er en kunnskapsoppsummering av effektene på De Utrolige Årenes universalprogram Oppmerksomme og utviklingsstøttende foreldre (DUÅ Universal) i Norden. DUÅ Universal er et universalforebyggende program som gis til foreldre, for å forebygge atferdsvansker og styrke sosial og emosjonell kompetanse hos barn i alderen 2 til 6 år. Regionalt kunnskapssenter for barn og unge - Nord (RKBU Nord), er tiltaksleverandør i Norge og har det nasjonale ansvaret for å gi opplæring i programmet. DUÅ Universal er et av flere programmer i DUÅs programserie som er opprinnelig utviklet i USA (www.incredibleyears.com).
Metode: DUÅ Universal er vurdert og klassifisert i henhold til Ungsinn sine kriterier og prosedyrer for beskrivelse av tiltaket, samt en oppsummering av effektstudier, forskningsmetodisk kvalitet og implementeringskvalitet. Det ble gjort litteratursøk i databasene Embase, Medline og Psykinfo, NORART Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS og SweMed. Søket resulterte i tre artikler basert på en norsk effektstudie som ble inkludert. I tillegg er det innhentet informasjon om DUÅ Universal gjennom dokumentasjon fra tiltaksleverandør (deriblant manual, veiledere og annet materiell). Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen er begrenset til det universalforebyggende tiltaket.
Resultater: DUÅ Universal er godt beskrevet i flere dokumenter blant annet gjennom en detaljert manual. Det foreligger en norsk studie som undersøker effekten av tiltaket på atferdsvansker blant barna, og foreldrepraksis og foreldrekompetanse. Studien hadde et randomisert kontrollert design med oppfølging ved oppstart, etter endt tiltak, og ved 1 og 4 år. Studien er av god forskningsmetodisk kvalitet. DUÅ Universal synes å gi en umiddelbar bedring i begynnende tegn på atferdsvansker ved endt tiltak, sammenlignet med kontrollgruppen. Det er ingen forskjell ved oppfølging på 1 og 4 år, men kan forstås slik at DUÅ Universal gir en raskere bedring for barna. Oppfølgingsstudien har dokumentert vedvarende effekt på positiv oppdragelsespraksis blant foreldrene over 4 årsperioden. Foreldrene i tiltaksgruppen rapporterte også gjennomgående om mindre bruk av røffe disiplineringsstrategier ved de enkelte måletidspunktene. I tillegg viste studien økt tilfredshet blant foreldre i foreldrerollen ved endt tiltak og 1 år, og mestringsfølelse ved endt tiltak og 4 år. Det er ikke undersøkt effekter på andre sentrale utfallsmål for programmet slik som barnas sosiale og emosjonelle kompetanse. Tiltaket vurderes å ha tilfredsstillende systemer for å sikre implementeringskvalitet.
Konklusjon: Basert på Ungsinn sine kriterier klassifiseres DUÅ Universal på evidensnivå 4 – tilfredsstillende dokumentasjon på effekt. Dette til tross for at det mangler langtidseffekter for det som er hovedmålsettingene med programmet for barna.
Creation of complex reef structures through coral restoration does not affect associated fish populations on a remote, well-protected, Caribbean reef
Authors: Johnson Jack V. , Bruno John F. , Le Gall Lucas , Doherty Matthew Louis , Chequer Alex , Goodbody Gringley Gretchen
Published: August 2024

Coral reef ecosystems are facing severe degradation due to anthropogenic activities at both local and global scales. In response, extensive restoration efforts are underway, aiming to bolster coral cover and enhance reef fish communities to foster facilitation between fish and corals. This reciprocal relationship is anticipated to improve overall restoration efficacy and enhance coral reef resilience in the face of global warming. Here, we investigate the impact of coral restoration using out-planted Acropora cervicornis colonies attached to raised domes on the associated fish community on the isolated, well-protected reef of Little Cayman Island in the Central Caribbean. Surveys were conducted immediately preceding out-planting, five days later, and 85 days later to capture temporal changes in the fish community. After 85 days of out-planting, there were no changes in fish biomass, abundance, or species richness for the entire fish community. This pattern was consistent for selected fish functional groups. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the fish community before outplanting, five days after out-planting, or 85 days after out-planting of restoration domes. Our results underscore the limited impact of coral restoration for influencing fish communities in the isolated and highly protected reef of Little Cayman over an 85-day period. Consequently, our findings have implications for using coral restoration as a mechanism to enhance fish populations, particularly in marginally disturbed regions where structural complexity has not been lost. Future restoration programs should therefore incorporate local knowledge of environmental history and restoration needs along with an increased data-driven understanding of the intricate interaction between fish and coral populations to be successful.
Antecedents of Adoption Augmented Reality on Online Shopping Application Purchase Intention
Authors: Wijaya Lianna , Valerie Jesslyn , Cheng Kin Meng , Ikhsan Ridho Bramulya
Published: August 2024

Recent years have seen an increase in online purchasing, particularly during the global pandemic lockdown. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of augmented reality in online purchasing applications and its effect on purchase intent. Specifically, we investigate the influence of virtual presence, devices, and enjoyment on the purchase intentions of consumers. In total, 103 respondents who made purchases on the e-commerce and resided in Jakarta have completed the survey. The data was subsequently analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling - Smart PLS (PLS-SEM). Both virtual presence and devices utilized in the online purchasing experience have a positive effect on the level of enjoyment felt by users, according to the findings of this study. Despite this positive influence on enjoyment, we discovered that enjoyment has no direct effect on purchase intention. In addition, we examined whether enjoyment functions as a moderator between virtual presence, devices, and purchase intention. Our findings indicate that enjoyment does not mediate the relationship between virtual presence and devices and purchase intent. Similar to previous research, our findings indicate that enjoyment has no direct or indirect effect on the relationship between virtual presence, devices, and purchase intent. This study illuminates the factors that influence the adoption of augmented reality in online purchasing applications and their implications for purchase intent. Contributing to the existing corpus of knowledge in this field, the results provide valuable insights into the relationship between virtual presence, devices, enjoyment, and consumers' intentions to purchase.
A Review on Community Radio Stations of Karnataka, India
Authors: S. Manju Prem , R. Karthik , Kiran N. R. , H. Gunashekhar , Manjunatha. B.
Published: August 2024

This review paper explores the impact and contributions of community radio stations in Karnataka, India. Since the inception of community radio in India, these stations have evolved to address various local needs and issues. Karnataka, with its diverse array of community radios, exemplifies how this medium supports grassroots development and community engagement. The paper examines several notable stations, including Antarwani, Krishi, Radio Siddhartha, and others, highlighting their roles in education, health, agriculture, and cultural preservation. Through their targeted programming and community involvement, these stations empower local populations, and promote social awareness. The review underscores the significant role of community radio in filling gaps left by mainstream media, demonstrating its effectiveness in fostering local development and addressing specific community needs. Community radio stations of Karnataka play a major role in bolstering inclusive development and contributing a space for diverse community voices.
A Review of Chronic and Infectious Diseases Potency of Mangifera indica
Authors: Ahajumobi N. E.
Published: August 2024

Background: It is an established fact that the persisting rising cost of healthcare across nations has prompted many nations to seek alternative safe and affordable solution for disease control. Many plant products including Mangifera indica have been implicated as alternative medicine. The focus is on Mangifera indica popularly known as Mango.
Objectives: It is to determine the composition of Mangifera indica and review its chronic and infectious disease potency owing to the composition. Some users lack the capacity to read and understand clinical evidence written with technical terms. Some believe its superstition and some who may dare to use, lack the capacity for appropriate use. This review breaks down the barriers to acceptance and right use. A need for more clinical trials on the pharmacological properties of mango is encouraged.
Place and Duration of Study: Walden University, College of Health Sciences, Minneapolis Minnesota, USA from May 2023- July 2024.
Methods: A systematic review and theoretical backgrounds were community approach to intervention services and native medicine theories. Google scholar was among the search engines used for data mining.
Results: High levels of phytochemical compounds found. Results were presented in subheadings, which reflected on the type of diseases controlled, namely hepatoprotective and anti-carcinogenic properties, antimicrobial, anti-diabetes and antilipidemic capacities. The discussion was a synthesis of the results in relation to the literature on Mangifera indica disease control potency. Study will be beneficial to all users.
Conclusion: Mangifera indica is high in nutrients and phytochemical compounds with disease managing nutraceutical and pharmacological properties thus, justifying its use as native medicine.
Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) for Smart Water Irrigation Management System in Rice Cultivation
Authors: Pachamuthu Ayyadurai , Muthu Kathiravan , Palani Senthilkumar , Kuttiraman Sasikumar , Palaniappan Thukkaiyannan , Thangavelu Senthilkumar , Mariyappan Deivamani , Balaiyan Sivakumar
Published: August 2024

In rice cultivation, the AWD technique, a tool called a 'field water tube', can save 20-50% of water and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30-50%. The present study, (AWD) practices were conducted in the transplanted paddy growing regions of farmer’s holdings of Tiruvannamalai district during the Kharif season of 2022-23 and 2023-24. The productivity, economics, and water saving data in demonstrated plots were compared with the farmer’s practices (Continuous flooding method). The extension gap, technology gap, and technology index were 12.0q ha-1, 6.0 q ha-1, and 8.57 percent, respectively. The higher gross return of Rs.1,27,991 ha-1, higher net return of Rs.73,980 ha-1, and Benefit-Cost ratio of 1.37 were observed in the demonstrated plot compared to farmers' practices of continuous flooding method. Higher yield and returns due to reduced cost of cultivation, higher grain yield, higher net returns, and higher water saving (24.7%) in the demo plot over the farmer’s practices created greater awareness. They motivated the other farmers to adopt AWD practices in TN IAMP Phase IV Thurinjalar sub-basin farmers of Tiruvannamalai district.
Breeding for Pod Borer and Wilt Resistance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Kanthi Savita , Katageri I.S. , Sarmah Bidyut Kumar , D. M Mannur,
Published: August 2024

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important cultivating pulse crops globally and in India. Gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) are major pest and disease limiting the chickpea productivity. Pyramiding of these two biotic stress resistances in a single genotype is expected to increase crop productivity and reduces the usage of pesticides/fungicides, which favors the economic viability in the cultivation of this crop. Hence, it was planned to transfer the cry2Aa gene, from BS 72C2 event, to Super Annigeri-1(SA-1), the wilt resistant variety developed through pedigree method of breeding. The F1s developed by SA-1XBS72C2 crosses were confirmed with cry2Aa gene-specific marker. These F1s were advanced upto F4 generation. The expression of the cry2Aa at the protein level through enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay and insect bioassay were studied in F4  generation. The average Cry2Aa protein expressed was 10.34 μg/gm whereas in control SA-1 it was zero. Forty F4 plants were sown in wilt sick soil containing pots in green house. Other plants were sown in normal condition. Fifteen plants from wilt sick plots were PCR positive for both wilt disease and pod borer resistance. They also showed wilt resistance and were positive for qualitative ELISA test.
Study and Optimization of Three-Dimensional Free Bending Forming Law for Metal Hollow Members
Authors: Ao Yang
Published: August 2024

In order to study the three-dimensional free bending of metal pipe forming law, to improve the three-dimensional free bending process of metal pipe forming quality, φ12mm × 1mm TP2 copper pipe as the object of study, through the related blank and material properties on the pipe bending and forming the influence of the law found that the smaller the pipe bending radius, the more significant the impact of the wall thickness on the bending radius of the pipe, pipe molding quality decreases with the increase in the wall thickness. The pipe bending radius size is determined by the material modulus of elasticity, yield strength, pipe hardening index and strength factor and other parameters together. The maximum ellipticity of the pipe is related to the material strength, and the wall thickness variation of the pipe is affected by the hardening index n. Orthogonal tests are designed and simulated for five groups of process parameters to obtain the optimum value of each group of parameters and the importance of the five groups of parameters on the pipe forming quality. TP2 copper pipe free bending test, the test results and the simulation results of the bending angle and bending radius of the numerical deviation is less than 5%, the maximum wall thickness reduction rate and the maximum elliptic rate of the pipe deviation value is less than 2%, it can be seen that the finite element simulation can provide a reliable basis for the actual forming test, the optimization results of the improvement of the quality of tube molding and the improvement of the molding mechanism of the test equipment is of great importance in guiding significance.
The Economic Viability of Small-Scale Farming in a Globalized Market
Authors: Singh Ajit Kumar , Tiwari Anjali , Joshi Milind D. , Kumar Vikas , Hasan Wajid , Verma Veerendra Kumar
Published: August 2024

Small-scale farming plays a crucial role in the global agricultural landscape, contributing significantly to food security, rural livelihoods, and ecological sustainability. However, the economic viability of small-scale farming is increasingly challenged by the forces of globalization, market volatility, and changing consumer preferences. This article explores the economic viability of small-scale farming in a globalized market, with a specific focus on the world, Asia, and India. Through a comprehensive analysis of primary and secondary data, including case studies, statistical reports, and policy documents, the article examines the key factors influencing the economic viability of small-scale farming, such as market access, agricultural policies, technological innovations, and sustainable practices. The findings reveal that while small-scale farming faces numerous challenges, it also presents opportunities for enhancing economic viability through targeted interventions, such as improving market linkages, promoting sustainable intensification, and leveraging traditional knowledge. The article concludes by proposing a framework for strengthening the economic viability of small-scale farming in a globalized market, emphasizing the need for inclusive policies, institutional support, and collaborative efforts among stakeholders.
Factors Influencing Whistleblowing Intention among Accounting Students in Indonesia
Authors: Sany Sany , Darmasaputra Alan , Alim Cathrine Cecilia , Niko Ferdinand
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to determine the effect organizational commitment, subjective norms and group cohesion to whistleblowing intention of accounting students in Indonesia. Data was collected using a questionnaire administered using Google Form. The study’s sample was 218 accounting students from various universities in Surabaya, Indonesia. This study results show that high organizational commitment, subjective norms, and group cohesion increase whistleblowing intention among participants studied. Limitations include the limited number of universities surveyed for respondent recruitment, suggesting the need for additional data collection methods. This study is original in its investigation of the relationships between organizational commitment, subjective norms, group cohesion, and whistleblowing intention among accounting students in Surabaya.
Extent and distribution of aseismic slip on the Ismetpaşa segment of the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey) from Persistent Scatterer InSAR
Authors: Cetin Esra , Cakir Ziyadin , Meghraoui Mustapha , Ergintav Semih , Akoglu Ahmet M.
Published: June 2014

We use the Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSI) technique with elastic dislocation models and geology along the creeping section of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) at Ismetpaşa, to map and deduce the velocity field and the aseismic slip distribution. Revealing the spatiotemporal nature of the creep helped us associate the creep with potential lithological controls, hence providing a new perspective to better understand the underlying causes and mechanisms. The PSI analysis of Envisat ASAR images between 2003 and 2010 reveals a clear picture of surface creep along the fault and a new interseismic velocity field transitioning gradually between the creeping and the locked fault sections. The creep rate is found to fluctuate along a 100 km long section of the fault in a manner similar to that along the Hayward fault, reaching a maximum of ∼20 ± 2 mm/yr, close to the far field plate velocity (∼25 ± 1.5 mm/yr). At Ismetpaşa, it is in the range of 8 ± 2 mm/yr, consistent with the previous geodetic observations. The creeping section appears to extend 30 km further east than those previously reported. Modeling of the PSI data reveals a heterogeneous creep distribution at depth with two main patches confined mostly to the uppermost 5 km portion of the seismogenic crust, releasing annually 6.2 × 1016 Nm (Mw = 5.1) geodetic moment. Our analysis combined with previous studies suggests that creep might have commenced as postseismic deformation following the 1944 earthquake and has evolved to stable fault creep with time. There is a correlation between aseismic surface creep and the geology along the fault as it is in major part associated to rocks with low frictional strength such as the andesitic‐basaltic, limestone, and serpentine bodies within the fault zone.
New constraints on atmospheric CO2 concentration for the Phanerozoic
Authors: Franks Peter J. , Royer Dana L. , Beerling David J. , Van de Water Peter K. , Cantrill David J. , Barbour Margaret M. , Berry Joseph A.
Published: June 2014

Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentration (ca) for the Phanerozoic Eon is estimated from proxies and geochemical carbon cycle models. Most estimates come with large, sometimes unbounded uncertainty. Here, we calculate tightly constrained estimates of ca using a universal equation for leaf gas exchange, with key variables obtained directly from the carbon isotope composition and stomatal anatomy of fossil leaves. Our new estimates, validated against ice cores and direct measurements of ca, are less than 1000 ppm for most of the Phanerozoic, from the Devonian to the present, coincident with the appearance and global proliferation of forests. Uncertainties, obtained from Monte Carlo simulations, are typically less than for ca estimates from other approaches. These results provide critical new empirical support for the emerging view that large (~2000–3000 ppm), long‐term swings in ca do not characterize the post‐Devonian and that Earth's long‐term climate sensitivity to ca is greater than originally thought.
The quest for an unambiguous parameterization of mixing efficiency in stably stratified geophysical flows
Authors: Mater Benjamin D. , Venayagamoorthy Subhas K.
Published: June 2014

Estimates of turbulent mixing in geophysical settings typically depend on the efficiency at which shear‐driven turbulence mixes density across isopycnals. To date, however, no unifying parameterization of diapycnal mixing efficiency exists due to the variability of natural flows and also due to certain ambiguities that arise from descriptions based on a single parameter. Here we highlight important ambiguities of some common single‐parameter schemes in the context of a multiparameter framework that considers the independent effects of shear, buoyancy, and viscosity. Parameterizations based on the gradient Richardson number (Ri), the turbulent Froude number (FrT), and the buoyancy Reynolds number (Reb) are considered. The diagnostic ability of these parameters is examined using published data from both direct numerical simulations and field observations.
Ocean subsurface studies with the CALIPSO spaceborne lidar
Authors: Lu Xiaomei , Hu Yongxiang , Trepte Charles , Zeng Shan , Churnside James H.
Published: June 2014

The primary objective of the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission is to study the climate impact of clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere. However, recent studies have demonstrated that CALIPSO also collects information about the ocean subsurface. The objective of this study is to estimate the ocean subsurface backscatter from CALIPSO lidar measurements. The effects of the lidar receiver's transient response on the attenuated backscatter were first removed in order to obtain the correct attenuated backscatter profile. The empirical relationship between sea surface lidar backscatter and wind speed was used to estimate the theoretical ocean surface backscatter. Then the two‐way atmospheric transmittance was estimated as the ratio between the corrected ocean surface backscatter and the theoretical one. The ocean subsurface backscatter was finally derived from the subsurface attenuated backscatter divided by the two‐way atmospheric transmittance. Significant relationships between integrated subsurface backscatter and chlorophyll‐a concentration and between integrated subsurface backscatter and particulate organic carbon were found, which indicate a potential use of CALIPSO lidar to estimate global chlorophyll‐a and particulate organic carbon concentrations.
Thrombotic Risk Assessment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Validation of the Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome Score in a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Sciascia Savino , Cuadrado Maria Jose , Sanna Giovanni , Murru Veronica , Roccatello Dario , Khamashta Munther A. , Bertolaccini Maria Laura
Published: June 2014

Objective

This study was performed to prospectively and independently validate the Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome Score (GAPSS), a system derived from the combination of independent risk factors for thrombosis, including antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

The GAPSS was applied to 51 consecutive systemic lupus erythematosus patients, all positive for aPL and prospectively followed up for mean ± SD 32.94 ± 12.06 months. Of them, 48 were women with a mean ± SD age of 37.35 ± 12.15 years at entry. The GAPSS was calculated yearly for each patient by adding together the points corresponding to the risk factors.

Results

An increase in the GAPSS (entry versus last visit) was seen in patients who experienced vascular events (n = 4, mean ± SD 7.5 ± 4.36 versus 10.0 ± 5.4; P = 0.032). No changes were observed in those without thrombosis (n = 47, mean ± SD 8.28 ± 4.88 versus 7.13 ± 5.75; P = 0.24). An increase in the GAPSS during the followup was associated with a higher risk of vascular events (relative risk 12.30 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.43–106.13], P = 0.004), and an increase of more than 3 points showed the best risk accuracy for vascular events (hazard ratio 48 [95% CI 6.90–333.85], P = 0.0001). The cumulative proportion of thrombosis‐free individuals was lower in patients whose GAPSS was increased by 3 or more points (P = 0.0027).

Conclusion

We have prospectively demonstrated that GAPSS is a valid tool for accurate prediction of vascular events in SLE patients with aPL.
Is Statin Use Associated With New Joint‐Related Symptoms, Physical Function, and Quality of Life? Results From Two Population‐Based Cohorts of Women
Authors: Peeters Geeske , Tett Susan E. , Conaghan Philip G. , Mishra Gita D. , Dobson Annette J.
Published: June 2014

Objective

Previous studies have suggested that statins may prevent development of osteoarthritis and have antiinflammatory effects. Our aim was to examine the associations between statin use and patient‐reported joint symptoms in 2 large cohorts of middle‐aged and older women.

Methods

Data were from 6,966 middle‐aged (born 1946–1951) and 4,806 older (born 1921–1926) participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health who completed surveys from 2001 to 2011, including questions about joint pain/stiffness, physical functioning, and self‐rated health (SRH). Administrative pharmaceutical data were used to classify participants according to statin use, cumulative volume of statin use, and type of drug. Associations between statin use and newly reported symptoms were analyzed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for repeated measures.

Results

A total of 2,096 (31.3%) of the middle‐aged women and 2,473 (51.5%) of the older women were classified as statin users. After adjustment for confounders, statin use in middle‐aged women was weakly associated with poor physical functioning (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 99% confidence interval [99% CI] 1.07–1.55) and poor SRH (OR 1.35, 99% CI 1.13–1.61), but not with new joint pain/stiffness (OR 1.09, 99% CI 0.88–1.34). No dose‐response relationships were found. Pravastatin and atorvastatin were associated with poor physical functioning, while atorvastatin was also associated with poor SRH. Associations found in older women were mostly explained by confounders.

Conclusion

This large study did not demonstrate an association between statin use and reduced onset of joint pain/stiffness. Associations between statin use and poor physical functioning and poor SRH may be explained by factors other than joint pain/stiffness, e.g., muscle pain.
Evaluation of Two Appropriateness Criteria for Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Ghomrawi Hassan M. K. , Alexiades Michael , Pavlov Helene , Nam Denis , Endo Yoshimi , Mandl Lisa A. , Mushlin Alvin I.
Published: June 2014

Objective

Insurance expansion under the Affordable Care Act will amplify a projected 6‐fold increase in total knee replacement (TKR) utilization by 2030 but will not fully address TKR disparities. Promoting appropriate use of TKR would help reduce disparities and improve outcomes. There are currently no validated appropriateness criteria (AC) for TKR in the US. We evaluated the performance of 2 non‐US AC in a cohort of US TKR patients.

Methods

AC1 was developed in Spain using the modified Delphi method with 624 patient scenarios. AC2 was developed in Canada using the overall Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score of ≥39 as the cutoff point for surgery. These criteria were applied to a random sample of TKR patients enrolled in our institutional registry. Preoperative clinical, radiographic, and patient‐reported survey data were used in classifying patients. The rate of appropriateness was compared for the 2 AC. Inappropriate cases were further investigated to determine other mitigating factors beyond the criteria influencing the decision to operate.

Results

In total, 508 TKR procedures were evaluated. All patients had osteoarthritic radiographic changes. On the basis of AC1, 7.7% of cases were classified as inappropriate and 11.6% uncertain. On the basis of AC2, 31.5% were classified as inappropriate. Only 4.7% of the cases were classified as inappropriate by both ACs; however, there was poor agreement between the 2 AC (κ = −0.08). Beyond the criteria, failure of nonsurgical treatment and clinically significant valgus/varus deformities influenced the decision for surgery.

Conclusion

There was poor agreement between 2 validated AC for TKR when tested in a US population. Culturally specific AC are needed to promote rational use of TKR.
Enantioselective Heterogeneous Synergistic Catalysis for Asymmetric Cascade Transformations
Authors: Deiana Luca , Ghisu Lorenza , Afewerki Samson , Verho Oscar , Johnston Eric V. , Hedin Niklas , Bacsik Zoltan , Córdova Armando
Published: June 2014

A modular design for a novel heterogeneous synergistic catalytic system, which simultaneously activates the electrophile and nucleophile by the combined activation modes of a separate metal and non‐metal catalyst, for asymmetric cascade transformations on a solid surface is disclosed. This modular catalysis strategy generates carbocycles (up to 97.5:2.5er) as well as spirocyclic oxindoles (97.5:2.5 to >99:0.5er), containing all‐carbon quaternary centers, in a highly enantioselective fashionviaa one‐pot dynamic relay process.

magnified image
Tandem Synthesis of Amides and Secondary Amines from Esters with Primary Amines under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Lee Jeongbin , Muthaiah Senthilkumar , Hong Soon Hyeok
Published: June 2014

An iridium(III)‐catalyzed tandem synthesis of amides and amines from esters under solvent‐free conditions is described. A commercially available iridium(III) complex, [Cp*IrCl2]2, with sodium acetate showed the best activity for the synthesis of amides and secondary amines. The amide was formed by ester‐amide exchange which generates an alcohol in situ which is subsequently transformed to a secondary amine via hydrogen autotransfer. This synthetic protocol with high atom economy generates water as the sole by‐product and can afford amides and amines from various esters in a one‐pot reaction, expanding the synthetic versatility of ester transformations.

magnified image
Association between Innovative Entrepreneurial Orientation, Absorptive Capacity, and Farm Business Performance
Authors: Gellynck Xavier , Cárdenas Jorge , Pieniak Zuzanna , Verbeke Wim
Published: June 2014

A growing interest emerges with regard to how entrepreneurship and innovation can contribute to the success and well‐being of the farmers. The main objective of the study is to develop and test a model, which emphasizes the relationship of trust and innovative entrepreneurial orientation on absorptive capacity in an agricultural context. This article examines also the effect of absorptive capacity on innovation as well as the connection of both innovative entrepreneurial orientation and innovation outcome on farm business performance. Cross‐sectional data were collected from a sample of 199 banana farmers in 2008‐2009 in Ecuador. A structural equation modeling approach has been applied to validate the hypothesized model. The findings show that all relationships established in the model are significantly and positively associated, except for the linkage between innovation outcome and farm business performance. [EconLit citation: L260; O310; Q160]
Change in Height, Weight, and body mass index: Longitudinal data from Austria
Authors: Peter Raphael Simon , Fromm Ella , Klenk Jochen , Concin Hans , Nagel Gabriele
Published: June 2014

Objectives

To quantify changes in height, weight and their compound effect on the body mass index (BMI) in a large cohort of Central‐European men and women.

Methods

The Vorarlberg health monitoring and prevention program (VHM&PP) is a population‐based risk factor surveillance program in Vorarlberg. Data of health examinations during January 1985 to June 2005 were available including 714,181 height and weight measurements in 185,192 persons (53.9% women). We estimated yearly percentage change of anthropometric parameters over the age range from 20 to 85 years within intervals of 5 years.

Results

We found that weight increased until the age of 70 years (from the age of 20 years: +24.8% in men and +27.6% in women), with the highest increase in men aged 20–25 years (1.07% per year). Height was shown to decrease starting from the age group 45–50 years. This decrease accelerated with age, and was more pronounced in women than in men.

Conclusions

Weight is strongly related to aging. In older individuals height loss affects BMI and masks weight loss to some degree. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:690–696, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selektorinduzierte dynamische Deracemisierung eines selektandmodifizierten tropos‐BIPHEPO‐Liganden: Anwendung in der organokatalysierten asymmetrischen Doppelaldolreaktion
Authors: Maier Frank , Trapp Oliver
Published: June 2014

Stereolabile interkonvertierende Katalysatoren eröffnen die Möglichkeit, die Enantioselektivität in asymmetrischen Synthesen gezielt durch Bildung diastereomerer Komplexe mit chiralen Auxiliaren und Deracemisierung zu steuern. Jedoch können die stöchiometrisch eingesetzten Auxiliare die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten solcher Systeme erheblich limitieren. Wir haben einen neuartigen tropos‐BIPHEPO‐Liganden mit achiralen Selektanden im Rückgrat synthetisiert, der transiente diastereomere Assoziate mit Amylose‐tris‐3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamat als Selektor eingeht und dadurch deracemisiert. Das so erhaltene enantiomerenangereicherte BIPHEPO‐Derivat wurde erfolgreich in der organokatalytischen asymmetrischen Doppelaldoladdition substituierter Methylketone an Benzaldehyd eingesetzt. Diese Strategie kombiniert eine Deracemisierung mit der hohen Stereoinduktion chiraler Biarylphosphinoxide und eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten im Bereich selbstamplifizierender asymmetrischer Synthesen.
Construction of Three‐Dimensional DNA Hydrogels from Linear Building Blocks
Authors: Nöll Tanja , Schönherr Holger , Wesner Daniel , Schopferer Michael , Paululat Thomas , Nöll Gilbert
Published: June 2014

A three‐dimensional DNA hydrogel was generated by self‐assembly of short linear double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) building blocks equipped with sticky ends. The resulting DNA hydrogel is thermoresponsive and the length of the supramolecular dsDNA structures varies with temperature. The average diffusion coefficients of the supramolecular dsDNA structures formed by self‐assembly were determined by diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY NMR) for temperatures higher than 60 °C. Temperature‐dependent rheological measurements revealed a gel point of 42±1 °C. Below this temperature, the resulting material behaved as a true gel of high viscosity with values for the storage modulus G′ being significantly larger than that for the loss modulus G′′. Frequency‐dependent rheological measurements at 20 °C revealed a mesh size (ξ) of 15 nm. AFM analysis of the diluted hydrogel in the dry state showed densely packed structures of entangled chains, which are also expected to contain multiple interlocked rings and catenanes.
Enantioselective Synthesis of [9]‐ and [11]Helicene‐like Molecules: Double Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Fukawa Naohiro , Miyauchi Yuta , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: June 2014

The enantioselective synthesis of completely ortho‐fused [9]‐ and [11]helicene‐like molecules has been achieved through a rhodium‐mediated, intramolecular, double [2+2+2] cycloaddition of phenol‐ or 2‐naphthol‐linked hexaynes. Crystal structures and photophysical properties of these [9]‐ and [11]helicene‐like molecules have also been disclosed.
Catalyst‐Dependent Divergent Synthesis of Pyrroles from 3‐Alkynyl Imine Derivatives: A Noncarbonylative and Carbonylative Approach
Authors: Chen Gen‐Qiang , Zhang Xiao‐Nan , Wei Yin , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min
Published: June 2014

A novel Ru0‐ and RhI‐catalyzed noncarbonylative and carbonylative cycloisomerization of readily available 3‐alkynyl imine derivatives has been developed to provide 3,4‐fused or nonfused pyrrole derivatives efficiently in moderate to excellent yields. The key steps involve the formation of a ruthenium carbenoid intermediate or a rhodacycle intermediate, respectively. In these reactions, CO can serve as a ligand or a reagent.
Selector‐Induced Dynamic Deracemization of a Selectand‐Modified Tropos BIPHEPO‐Ligand: Application in the Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Double‐Aldol‐Reaction
Authors: Maier Frank , Trapp Oliver
Published: June 2014

Stereolabile interconverting catalysts open up the possibility of directing enantioselectivity in asymmetric synthesis by formation of diastereomeric complexes with chiral auxiliaries and deracemization. However, the stoichiometrically used auxilliaries can significantly limit the potential applications of such systems. We synthesized a new BIPHEPO tropos ligand containing achiral selectands in the backbone, which forms transient diastereomeric associates with amylose‐tris‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate as a selector and thus deracemizes. The enantiomerically enriched BIPHEPO obtained was successfully used in the organocatalytic asymmetric double aldol addition of substituted methyl ketones to form benzaldehyde. This strategy combines an on‐column deracemization with the high stereoinduction of chiral biarylphosphineoxides and opens up new possibilities in the field of self‐amplified asymmetric syntheses.
A Plausible Simultaneous Synthesis of Amino Acids and Simple Peptides on the Primordial Earth
Authors: Parker Eric T. , Zhou Manshui , Burton Aaron S. , Glavin Daniel P. , Dworkin Jason P. , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Fernández Facundo M. , Bada Jeffrey L.
Published: June 2014

Following his seminal work in 1953, Stanley Miller conducted an experiment in 1958 to study the polymerization of amino acids under simulated early Earth conditions. In the experiment, Miller sparked a gas mixture of CH4, NH3, and H2O, while intermittently adding the plausible prebiotic condensing reagent cyanamide. For unknown reasons, an analysis of the samples was not reported. We analyzed the archived samples for amino acids, dipeptides, and diketopiperazines by liquid chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. A dozen amino acids, 10 glycine‐containing dipeptides, and 3 glycine‐containing diketopiperazines were detected. Miller’s experiment was repeated and similar polymerization products were observed. Aqueous heating experiments indicate that Strecker synthesis intermediates play a key role in facilitating polymerization. These results highlight the potential importance of condensing reagents in generating diversity within the prebiotic chemical inventory.
Aid and the Control of Tuberculosis inPapuaNewGuinea: IsAustralia's Assistance Cost‐Effective?
Authors: Nguyen Hoa‐Thi‐Minh , Kompas Tom , Hickson Roslyn I.
Published: June 2014

Australia supports the control of tuberculosis inPapuaNewGuinea for reasons of aid effectiveness and a desire to decrease the chance of importing tuberculosis toAustralia. This paper analyses the case for this support using both cost‐utility and cost‐benefit analysis.We reach three conclusions. First,Australia directly benefits from its investment in controlling tuberculosis inPapuaNewGuinea, with a cost of $US13 million (in 2012 prices) over 10 years earning a net present value of $US22 million.Second, the longer and more extensive the basic directly observed short course therapy, or basicDOTS, to control tuberculosis, the higher are the returns forAustralia.Finally, in addition to surpassing all commonly used benchmarks for being a cost‐effective investment forAustralia, a basicDOTSexpansion also generates a health benefit forPapuaNewGuinea that compares well as one of the ‘ten best health buys’ in developing countries.