bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating The Knowledge Based Organization Through Learning Implementation Framework:
Authors: Dimovski Vlado , Penger Sandra
Published: March 2016

As we enter the first decade in the twenty-first century, contemporary management thinking is being profoundly reshaped by two new convictions: managing organizational knowledge effectively is essential to achieving competitive success; and managing knowledge is now a central concern and must become a basic skill of a modern manager. In the paper we would like to present the impact of the increased interconnectivity of people and organization, and to perform the new organizational paradigm that provides a modern knowledge construction of the 21st century organization. Therefore, the paper focuses on the process of attaining a knowledge organization, and enlightens different theoretical architectures of the 21st century organization. Modern forms of organizational structures range from horizontal, process and team structures to virtual networks. The purpose of paper is to show signs of the Knowledge Based Organization in the Knowledge Based Economy, and to extent the creation of Learning Organization through Learning Implementation Framework from Slovenian economy perspective. The Slovenian Institute for Learning Enterprises today plays the leading role in the knowledge society, linking and distributing learning practices among Slovenian enterprises. On May 1, 2004, Slovenia has become a full member of the EU, and consequently, the role of Institute will become even more important in the implementation of learning organization culture in Slovenian economy.
A Collaborative Framework For Foreign Aid Projects In Sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: King David
Published: March 2016

This paper highlights the significance of local community participation in foreign aid projects. The focus of the paper is that aid projects in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) need effective project management method. The importance of local communities participation in a collaborative monitoring environment is argued. The aim of the paper is to challenge existing practice, contribute to and discuss the pragmatics of local communities involvement in foreign aid projects. Moreover, the need for local communities voice reaching the international arena is necessary. Surveys and interviews from an interpretive perspective were used as data collection methods to support the argument. The intellectual framework of this study suggests that stakeholder collaboration can improve foreign aid project management practices in sub-Sahara Africa.
The Impact Of Transformational Leadership On Job Satisfaction And Self-Perceived Performance Of Banking Employees: The Case Of Jordan
Authors: Awamleh Raed , Al-Dmour Hani Al-Dmour
Published: March 2016

This study tested the transformational leadership theory among managers at functional level in Jordanian banks. It examined the effects of both transformational and transactional leadership styles of bank mangers/supervisors on employees satisfaction and self-perceived performance. Self-efficacy, self-esteem and leadership disposition (Romance of Leadership) of employees were hypothesized to act as moderators. Data was collected from employees working in Jordanian banks. A multiple regression analysis indicated that transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style, and self-efficacy were all related to job satisfaction. On the other hand, self-efficacy, Romance of Leadership (RLS), and self-esteem were related to self-perceived performance. Furthermore, a MANCOVA analysis indicated significant effects of self-efficacy, RLS, and self-esteem as covariates. Results showed that to elicit higher levels of satisfaction among bank employees, managers/supervisors need to demonstrate transformational and transactional attributes at the same time.
Lean Manufacturing: Selected Financial Performance Of Recognized Lean Manufacturers
Authors: Kocakulah Mehmet C. , Upson Jim
Published: March 2016

Since the Japanese development of lean manufacturing practices after World War II, American companies have slowly begun to embrace the concepts and results offered by the lean manufacturing concept. Companies in America did not fully embrace the value of the processes until the mid to late 1990s and some firms are finding that financial results that should have been positively impacted immediately are not showing the results promised by Japanese practitioners. Two companies, Delphi and Johnson Controls, were selected for comparative analysis because of the numerous facilities that each have had selected for the Shingo Prize for Excellence in Manufacturing. Both companies have been engrained in the traditional mass-producing methods of American production from mother companies, customers, and suppliers. Both companies have adopted and implemented lean manufacturing into their organizations in the late 1990s. Using targets set forth by the lean manufacturing leaders of Japan, a comparison will be made of both of these companies as well as comparisons of these two companies to other firms in their industry. The S&P 500 financial ratios will also be used along with those of two of the most recognized leaders in lean manufacturing, Wal-Mart and Toyota, in order to determine the effectiveness of implementation of lean practices by two of the newest leaders in manufacturing excellence. The financial ratios will be evaluated and compared along with reasons for variances that are found in the comparisons.
A Study Of The Role Indian Accountants In Managerial Decision Making
Authors: Shivaswamy Melkote K. , Rathinasamy R. S.
Published: March 2016

This paper studies the extent of participation of accountants in the managerial decision making process in India. In general, accountants had the most influence over decisions relating to management information systems (MIS), financing, production, resource allocation, new product introduction and discontinuance of old products. They had the least influence over decisions relating to marketing and personnel. For some of the decision variables studied, professional experience and size of firm were significant factors affecting responses. Factor and cluster analyses identified two distinct factors/clusters: a participation factor/cluster consisting of eight of the nine participatory variables studied, and a MIS-budgeting factor/cluster consisting of usefulness of the budget, involvement in MIS decisions, and the level of top management support.
Is The Level Of Development Significant For The Theory Of Factor Price Equalization?
Authors: Andreopoulos Giuliana Campanelli , Panayides Alexandros
Published: March 2016

The vast part of the literature on wages and employment in global markets focuses on international trade considerations and on industrialized countries, often leaving aside developing countries experiences. The scope of this paper is to examine wages and employment in global markets from a different perspective: we try to combine international trade considerations (trade liberalization) with domestic factors in developing countries. The main idea behind this approach is that the level of development and the complementarity between skilled and unskilled labor are crucial to understand changes in employment and the wage gap.
Activities, Interests, And Opinions Of Online Shoppers And Non-Shoppers
Authors: Swinyard William R. , Smith Scott M.
Published: March 2016

Internet shopping represents the launch of a new industry with corresponding levels of praise and concern. It is both the golden child for innovative net users, and the evil empire for anxious brick-and-mortar retailers. Online purchasing is growing at a dramatic rate yet the expectation for an explosion of Internet shopping has not occurred; its market share is small, at just under two percent of total U.S. retail spending.This study has been designed to explore why online shopping is growing so fast among some households, and so slowly among others. It focuses on characterizing the fundamental motivators or satisfiers of e-retail shopping, along with its dis-satisfiers and de-motivators. And it examines lifestyles of both Web shoppers and non-shoppers to find that these are not homogeneous groups at all, but discrete market segments, each seeking distinctive benefits from the Internet.It examines the lifestyle characteristics of online households. By means of a U.S. national probability sample of online heads-of-households, this descriptive research provides a lifestyle perspective of who is using the Internet to shop, who does not shop, and why. It is hypothesized and shown that, compared with online non-shoppers, online shoppers are younger, wealthier, have higher computer literacy, spend more time on their computer, spend more time on the Internet, and find online shopping to be easier and more entertaining.It is further reported that shoppers and non-shoppers are involved in different online activities, and have different attitudes and opinions toward the Internet and online use. Each group is profiled and marketing implications are discussed.
Estimating Efficiency In The Foreign Operations Of The USA Legal Services Industry
Authors: Ramcharran Harri
Published: March 2016

This study analyzes the efficiency, resulting from overseas expansion, of the USA legal services industry. Expansion of trade in services has resulted in an increasing number of: (i) lawyers employed abroad, and (ii) countries with foreign offices. The results, derived from a production function methodology with cross-sectional data on large law firms, indicate that: (i) the number of lawyers employed abroad is optimal in terms of generating positive contribution to the production of legal services, and (ii) the foreign countries targeted by law firms for operations also yield positive contribution to revenue. In response to globalization and competition, the industry, using the FDI mode of entry, has exploited location advantage abroad in allocating lawyers and offices efficiently to benefit from the global integration of the industry.
Health Care System Efficiency Analysis Of G12 Countries
Authors: Mirmirani Sam , Lippmann Matthias
Published: March 2016

Data Envelopment analysis of the health care delivery system of G12 nations is presented here. Japan and Spain scored the highest and the US, the lowest level of relative efficiencies. Health care outputs are life expectancy and infant mortality. Inputs are per capita health care expenditure; population adjusted physicians, hospital beds, and MRI; and a proxy for the level of education. DEA tests are applied for the 1991-1995 period using both CCR and BCC models. The paper argues that the lack of universal health care coverage and a single payer system are among the problems that the United States needs to address in order to improve its health care delivery.
What A Financing Scandal In A Canadian City Can Teach Us About Ethical Conduct In Government/Business Relations
Authors: Carson A. Scott
Published: March 2016

In the mid-sized City of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, a lease-and-lease-back transaction was arranged with a private sector financial institution to fund the construction of a public park containing ice-rinks, sports fields, a golf course and walking trails. The terms of the transaction were misrepresented to the City. But this was not discovered for months after the deal was signed. A public inquiry followed. In the process many issues of ethical conduct in municipal governance were brought to light. This paper uses the park financing case as a way of exploring some of the ethical issues that have broad application to business/government relations.
International Support For U.S. Foreign Policy: The Role Of Foreign Aid, Trade Integration And Social Development
Authors: Sexton Edwin A. , Basu Atin , Sen Tinni
Published: March 2016

We examine the factors that determine how often other countries vote with the U.S. in the U.N. General Assembly as a measure of their support for U.S. interests. We find that U.S. aid does not particularly induce other countries to vote with it on issues that are important to the U.S. However, countries with a higher level of social development, as measured by the HDI, seem to vote more often with the U.S. in the U.N. Moreover, it also seems that trading with the U.S. aligns other countries with the U.S to some degree.
Antidumping Charges Against China: A Comprehensive Analysis Of Proponents, Opponents, And Its Impact On U.S. Companies
Authors: Kim Ki Hee , Leung Cho Kin , Vicari Vincent J
Published: March 2016

Few nations have changed as fastor as Dramaticallyas China has since the 1970s. The worlds most populous nation has radically liberalized its economy and gone from producing low-quality and simple export to sophisticated high- technology goods, while nurturing a vibrant private sector and attracting nearly $500 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI). Chinas total exports grew eightfoldto over $380 billionbetween 1990 and 2003. Chinas share of global exports will reach 6 percent in 2003, compared to 3.9 percent in 2000. The U.S. has lost about 2.6 million manufacturing jobs since 2001. While private economists say that most of he job losses reflected improved productivity at U.S. factories, many in Congress and within industry say China blame China. Chinas soaring economy has turned it into manufacturing juggernaut that maintains the largest trade surplus of many nations, including the U.S. U.S. law provides for the protection of American manufacturers form unfair foreign trade practices. If U.S. companies believe that foreign competitors are dumping merchandise in the U.S. or are being subsidized by foreign governments, they may file for relief with the U.S. Department of Commerces International Trade Administration and the U.S. Trade Commission. Antidumping levies duties on goods dumped on the U.S. market. One of the most contested issues is whether U.S. trade laws, in particular the antidumping laws, should be open to negotiation. It should for the benefits of U.S. customers and U.S. businesses. This research will focus on dumping charges against China and evaluate pros and cons of U.S. antidumping laws against foreign companies and its impact on U.S. consumers and businesses.
The Effect of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): Ten Years Later
Authors: Zhang Miranda M. , Yu Tyler T.
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the economic impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on international trade among the three member countries Canada, Mexico and the United States, in the past ten years. Through regression techniques, estimated volume and the predicted trend for exports among the countries are compared with the actual observations. The empirical results indicate that NAFTA did achieve the desired goal of increasing trade among their member countries. The actual trade volume is greater than what the estimated trade volume would have been without NAFTA. Although all the member countries have seen their exports increased, the volumes vary among the three, with Mexico being the largest beneficiary.
An Investigation Of The Effect Of Reporting Alternatives For Fixed Assets On Financial Statement Users In The United States And The European Union
Authors: Nichols Linda M. , Buerger Kurt H.
Published: March 2016

The European Unions decision to require consolidated statements in accordance with IASB standards will serve to greatly enhance the acceptance of IASB standards on a worldwide basis. For international standards to be accepted worldwide, they need to reflect the best reporting methods. One area in which diverse treatment is found is in the valuation of fixed assets. This study examines the effect of differing methods of fixed asset valuation on lending decisions made by bankers in the U.S. and the European Union represented by the countries of Germany and Austria. Bankers from these countries were asked to make a lending decision for a hypothetical company, which used either historical cost or fair value in reporting fixed assets. The results reveal a significant interaction effect between the home country of the respondent and the valuation method used. Specifically, the European bankers granted larger loans to companies reporting fixed assets at fair value, while U.S. bankers granted larger loans to companies reporting fixed assets at historical cost.
International Initiatives To Eliminate Corruption: Has Bribery Declined?
Authors: La Roche Claire R. , Flanigan Mary A.
Published: March 2016

Bribery discriminates against honest companies by creating a barrier to entry in the form of a competitive disadvantage. An important legal issue with significant implications is whether recent international anti-corruption laws have leveled the playing field for firms doing business abroad. One of the first laws proscribing illicit payments to foreign public officials is the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), initially enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1977. From its inception, the FCPA has been criticized for placing U.S. firms at a competitive disadvantage based on the fact that few countries outlawed bribery of foreign officials. In the past ten years, several international treaties have been ratified that seek to criminalize bribery and eliminate the tax deductibility of corrupt payments made to foreign public officials. This paper discusses anti-corruption laws and their effectiveness in creating a transparent business environment that discourages bribery.
Analysis Of Bankruptcy Law Provisions In New Member EU Countries: Global Competitive Strategy Implications For Multinational Corporations
Authors: Brewerton F. J. , LeMaster Jane
Published: March 2016

Globalization has been responsible for a number of ongoing interrelated trends including an accelerated worldwide movement toward economic integration, an ongoing proliferation of new multinational corporations, a widening search for new economic opportunities by multinational corporations, and an increasing concern for and attention to bankruptcy as a contingency strategy for multinational corporations when primary strategies catastrophically fail. The economic benefits associated with the removal of trade barriers is also attracting new member countries to the EU and other trading blocks but these new member countries bankruptcy law provisions may have uncertain contingency strategy implications for MNCs.This paper comprises (1) a brief summary of the general trends associated with globalization; (2) a discussion of why international bankruptcy law is becoming increasingly important in the formulation of contingency strategy in multinational corporations; (3) a discussion and analysis of bankruptcy law provisions in new EU member states; (4) a discussion of the strategic implications associated with new member states bankruptcy laws; and (5) general conclusions regarding the attractiveness of new member states bankruptcy laws to multinational corporation strategists.
The Effect Of Distributed Earnings And Size Of The Firm To Its Dividend Policy: Some Greek Data
Authors: Eriotis Nikolaos
Published: March 2016

The objective of this paper is to examine the corporate dividend policy for the Greek market. In a series of studies, concerning the Greek market, Vasiliou & Eriotis test and improve, using a panel of data, the classical study of John Lintner who explains the amount dividend paid by firms using the earnings of the firm plus an adjustment according to the dividend paid the year before. This paper is an extension of Vasiliou & Eriotis work that test the assumption that firms set their dividend policy not only by the net distributed earnings, but also by the change from the last years dividend, the change from the last years distributed earnings and the size of the firm. This model is applied on a panel sample of a large number of firms listed on the Athens Stock Exchange for the period 1996 2001. The hypothesis that is tested in this paper is that the dividend at time t depends upon the distributed earnings at time t, the size of the firm and changes in dividend and distributed earnings from the last year (t-1). The empirical results verified the hypothesis that the Greek companies prefer to distribute, each year a rather constant dividend, which they adjust from year to year according to their distributed earnings and size.
Some Lessons Learned For Sustainable Development From The Mexican Experience
Authors: Papachristou Patricia T. , Papachristou Gerald C.
Published: March 2016

The economic reforms that are necessary to implement the neo-liberal paradigm have to be tempered in developing countries by the crucial roles of the national government in the organization, administration and monitoring of institutions that will carry out these reforms. In addition to these reforms, countries like Mexico, where half the population lives below the poverty line, need a nationally-funded and administered program to uplift the rural and urban poor. Mexico has developed such a program that has significantly improved the health and nutrition of mothers and children and class attendance. On the other hand, federal governments of wealthy nations, who espouse free market operations, can by their actions thwart free trade in order to win elections. We examine how very large agricultural subsidies to American farmers and corporations distort the price of corn and corn products in Mexico in a way that makes it difficult for many small farmers to survive. These subsidies go against the free trade principles of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), signed by the United States, Mexico and Canada in 1994, but are justified by loopholes included in the final text. The concept of sustainable development provides a way of looking at development programs from a long-term view, with the welfare of the next generation in mind. While the poverty program, described above, has been shown to improve the nutrition. health and school attendance of many poor children, so they can expect to lead a better life than their parents, the NAFTA free trade treaty has worked to enrich a few multi-national businesses at the expense of the welfare of many farmers throughout Mexico and North America. Having used organic methods of farming that preserved the land's fertility and productivity, Mexican small farmers now have to leave the land for the over-crowded cities with little hope of making a good livelihood for their families.
Structural Limitations On Finance Of Technology Companies In The European Union
Authors: Adami Roberta , Waters James
Published: March 2016

The paper examines the connections between financial structures and the growth of the technology sector in the European Union, identifying the main financial factors affecting the sector. It proceeds to a regression analysis using a new dataset. The variables are selected to give insight into both the promotion of innovation and its financial realisation. The paper summarises the conclusions in a form suitable for use by European Union policymakers.
AirAsia In The Malaysian Domestic Airline Market: Empirical Analysis Of Strategy
Authors: Man Mok Kim , Justine Jainurin Bin
Published: March 2016

This paper will examine the results of the strategic actions of AirAsia in the Malaysian domestic airline market. Firstly, the paper will provide a general background of the airline industry, in particular the Malaysian domestic airline market and a summary of an analysis of the industry using Michael Porters Five Forces Analysis. Secondly, the paper will provide a brief background of AirAsia and Malaysia Airlines. Thirdly, the paper will analyse the results of AirAsias strategy vis--vis operating and financial performance. Finally, the paper will conclude a summary of AirAsias achievement of the past and present and prospect for the future.
Productivity Measuring In The Czech Banking Industry
Authors: Angelidis Dimitrios , Lyroudi Katerina , Koulakiotis Athanasios
Published: March 2016

In this paper we investigate the productivity of the Czech banking industry for the period 1996-2002. The non-parametric frontier method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used in order to estimate the Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) change indices for 134 year-firm observations. Using the value added approach and calculating the geometric mean of the TFP, we find that the level of productivity of financial institutions meets a decline of 0.7%. Moreover, the technical efficiency changes (TEC) is greater than unity, while the technological change (TC) is less than unity for the Czech banks during the period 1996 -2002.
Developing And Delivering The Virtual MBA Course
Authors: Johnson Roy D. , Stucke Carl H.
Published: March 2016

The use of the Internet offers a unique opportunity to bring together individuals in an interactive setting for social and educational purposes. Colleges and universities have augmented their brick and mortar classes with virtual course offerings using the Internet for distance education. This paper will examine the origins of distance education and offer insights and recommendations for developing and delivering an on-line MBA course in Privacy and Information Security.
The Role Of Cal Poly College Of Business International Business Education In Inland Empire
Authors: Sharifzadeh Mansour
Published: March 2016

Between 1980 and 1990 most universities worked to internationalize their curriculum. During this period California State Polytechnic University, Pomona also internationalized its curriculum, especially in the College of Business. During the fall of 1985 an International Task Force (IBTF) was established and continued its work through 1992. One of the tasks of this committee was to internationalize the College of Business curriculum. The IBTF established a major and minor in International Business. Dr. Sakamoto, a member of the IBTF and professor of MHR used a survey and a paper to prove that there was a need for an International Business major (IB).
Estimating Human Capital Stock In Korea
Authors: Lee Nam Chul
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a labor income based measure of Korea's human capital stock from 1963 to 2000. For this purpose, I use all available basic statistics to compile consistent time series data on wage rates, average working hours by industry, composition of workers cross-classified by industry, educational attainment, sex, and class of employment. I present of estimates of human capital stock for all industries without considering class of employment and considering class of employment. Because the wage data for self-employed and family workers are not available, I devise estimates of human capital stock separately depending on the assumption for the wage differential by class of employment. In the case of all industries without considering class of employment, the aggregate volume and quality of labor input increased at an average rate of 3.73 percent and 0.84 percent per year, respectively, during the 1963-2000. Consequently, approximate 23 percent of the growth of labor volume can be attributed to improvement in labor quality from 1963 to 2000. When 75 percent of the wage rates of employees is assumed to apply for unpaid workers, the aggregate volume and quality of labor input increased at an average rate of 3.99 percent and 1.10 percent per year, respectively, during the 1963-2000 in all industries with considering class of employment. Consequently, approximate 28 percent of the growth of labor volume can be attributed to improvement in labor quality during the 38 years period.
Outsourcing: Who Gains In The Short Run?
Authors: Andreopoulos Giuliana Campanelli , Panayides Alexandros
Published: March 2016

Over the last several years there has been an intense debate over the issue of outsourcing. The two main topic questions of dispute are: What are the effects of outsourcing on employment and wages? What can be done to alleviate the cost of outsourcing on the labor side? In this paper we try to answer these two main questions. In particular, the scope of this paper is to understand the degree of substitutability between the domestic and the foreign labor due to outsourcing and its implications for both employment and reemployment. For this purpose, we will provide a rigorous definition of outsourcing and then illustrate a theoretical framework to analyze its effects.
Perceptions of a Glass Ceiling: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mexican and American Employees
Authors: Bennington Ashley J. , Wagman George R. , Stallone Michelle N.
Published: March 2016

This study asks employees in the United States and Mexico if they believe there is workplace discrimination based on gender, age, or ethnicity. As members of international organizations, the United States and Mexico have agreed to strive for the elimination of employment discrimination. Hypotheses based on Hofstedes Power Distance Index (PDI) predicted cultural differences in the two countries would result in a higher perception of workplace discrimination from employees in the United States than those in Mexico. The results support the hypotheses; directions are offered for future research.
Transfer Pricing And Taxation Implications Disclosure In Segmental Reporting: Malaysian Evidence
Authors: Talha Mohammad , Alam Syed Shah , Sallehhuddin Abdullah
Published: March 2016

Transfer pricing has emerged as common practice among highly diversified companies. Company goes for either domestic transfer pricing or international transfer pricing for several distinctive reasons. While domestic transfer pricing aims for enhancing divisional autonomy and divisions managers, international transfer pricing expects for less taxes, tariff, duties and excises. Therefore, international transfer pricing has significant taxation implication. With expansion of transfer pricing, financial statement users demand unconsolidated account to thoroughly evaluate specific segments performance, track transfer pricing practices and the taxation implication on the companies. Due to these increasing demands, segmental reporting is impartially needed. The present paper highlights the (1) theoretical aspect of transfer pricing and its taxation implication and (2) the disclosure of transfer pricing and its taxation implication in Malaysian segmental reporting environment. A study of 80 companies listed on Malaysian Board has been conducted to evaluate the transfer pricing and its taxation implication disclosure in Malaysians segmental reporting environment. As exploratory attempt, the study found that companies voluntarily disclose the basis of setting up transfer price. However, such disclosure is not adequate to assist performance evaluating and decision-making process as transfer price is only been reported in business segment, taxation implication has been disclosed as consolidated figure and moreover transfer pricing and its taxation implication is voluntary disclosure. Intensive effort should be carried out to improve those disclosures in future particularly by imposing mandated reporting for transfer pricing and its taxation implications. Further study shall be conducted to expand the sample, intensify segment report preparers behavioral study and cross analysis between countries.
Quality Management Through ISO Certification And Quality Costs Reporting: A Study Of Bahraini Companies
Authors: Ramadhan Sayel , Bucheery Raja
Published: March 2016

This study investigates quality management by Bahraini companies through qualifying for ISO certification and measurement and reporting of cost of quality. Its main purpose is to examine the motivation behind quality certification and the extent to which Bahraini firms measure and report quality costs. A sample of 100 companies was selected at random from the Ministry of Commerce Directory. A mail questionnaire was developed and distributed to the entire sample. Eighty one companies responded to the questionnaire; a response rate of (81%) which is considered appropriate for this type of study. Of the (81) firms, (47) are ISO certified and the dominant reasons for quality certification are: to improve the firms competitive advantage; to respond to customer demands; and to reduce costs. Cost of quality reporting is adopted by (40) firms (49.4%) of the respondents to the question; (22) companies indicated that they plan to implement cost of quality reporting; and the remaining (14) companies have no plans to implement it. The most important uses of a quality cost report are: product cost information; quality cost planning; and targeting areas for process and product improvement. The main reason for not measuring quality costs are: the extensive use of non-financial measures and quality is part of the firms culture.
Investment Strategies, Performance, And Trading Information Impact
Authors: Assogbavi Tov , Osagie Johnston E. , Frieder Larry A. , Shin Jong-Kyun
Published: March 2016

This paper examines a set of investment strategies based on past market information to evaluate performance and trading impact on the Canadian Market. In doing so, we assess whether trading information adds value to the effectiveness of these strategies. Utilizing variant models of four different methodologies, we find strong evidence that supported the Momentum Investment Strategy, which buys past winner stocks and sells past loser stocks. Our evidence did not support Contrarian Investment Strategy, which posits that investors overreact to good and bad news. Our winners portfolios outperform our losers portfolios. The Negative Volume Effect Strategy did not work, which is contrary to the Foerster, Prihar and Schmitz (1995) study. We found that winners stocks did not reverse in cases of heavy volume; nor did loser stocks reverse in a high volume context. However, we did find that trading information has an impact on stock returns and thus adds value to investment strategies for the 1990 to 2000 investment period. Investors who combine past price and trading volume information in constructing their investment strategies would achieve higher returns than investors who base their portfolio construction decisions solely on stock prices.University.
Strategic Sales Planning Of The Complex Sale In Latin America
Authors: Waller Nico Schinagl
Published: March 2016

Due to the broad offering and the tendency of customers to view IT and Telecom solutions as a commodity, the complex sales environment in Latin America is facing an increasing degree of uncertainty, reflected in a poor sales planning and forecasting effort that is having a significant impact in the profitability of most companies in these verticals.The presentation of this ongoing case is the attempt to empower the sales managers and executives, the largest profession in the world, with a solid and practical strategic sales methodology to allow them to better plan their sales effort in their assigned territories, customer listing or specific vertical.The obvious result expected from this methodology and research is to provide a sales planning model that ensures a higher certainty of the sales forecast, as well as have impact on such sales success metrics as average close rate, average closing cycle and the overall ROMI (return on marketing investment) of the companys sales effort.The case can be viewed in three parts or components: and initial extensive exploratory research to determine the exact current nature and situation of the complex sales in Latin America, second, the development of the appropriate sales methodology, and the implementation and evaluation of the sales planning model in the field.
Political Systems And Economic Development In Sub-Sahara: A Multivariate Time Series Analysis
Authors: Adams Michael O. , Osho Gbolahan S. , Woods Don A. , Osho Arinola C.
Published: March 2016

Lipsets definition (1959) of democracy was used to test the correlation between economic development and the adoption of democracy among countries. Individual country analysis was conducted, followed by regional analysis and a significant positive correlation coefficient of 0.5 was obtained. This showed that as the level of economic development increases, the level of democracy equally increases in Sub-Sahara Africa. One limitation of this study is that it is important to note that if this analysis is conducted on an individual country basis, such a causal relationship might not fully exist and, therefore caution should be taken when interpreting these empirical results.
Diversification In An Emerging Market: A Closer Look At The Indian Stock Market
Authors: Patel Jayen B.
Published: March 2016

We find that the Indian stock market generated returns comparable to those of the U.S. stock market during the period January 1991 to July 2005. We also find that the Indian stock market produced returns substantially higher than U.S. equity returns during various sub-periods when the U.S. market declined. We demonstrate that the Indian stock market presents important return and diversification benefits to U.S. investors.
High Technology Industry In Israel
Authors: Kuri Carlos Miguel Barber
Published: March 2016

News is frequently heard about the Arabian world regarding different types of conflicts brought about by different motivesfor example, by religious, ethics, and/or cultural (as well as others). Nevertheless, when the name of Israel is spoken, an extraordinary fact must also be considered: the fact of the amazing development in high technology that its industry has presented recently.
Policy Implications Of The War In Iraq And Its Influence On The Global Market: A Public Affairs Perspective
Authors: Adams Michael O. , Osho Gbolahan S.
Published: March 2016

United States coalition force invaded Iraq after months of failed negotiation with the United Nation Security Council and the Iraqi government. Many of the nations that opposed the invasion were important trading partners with the U.S. As such, global trade relationships have been damaged in the short run. This paper examines the impact of Iraqi war on the global market economy. The global market performance was sluggish in the weeks preceding the war and including the cessation of the war in Iraq. This was due to uncertainty in the price of oil and the ultimate outcome of the war. However, markets rebounded as oil prices normalized due to the quick overthrow of Baghdad. Furthermore, the U.S. dollar had been steadily weakening against the Euro in the months preceding the war. Therefore, a successful completion of the Iraq war will help prevent further devaluation of the dollar.
Monetary Policy vs. Foreign Exchange Rate: A Statistical Analysis
Authors: Yu Tyler T. , Zhang Miranda M.
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this paper is to examine the economic impact of the Feds rate cuts on foreign exchange movements. Using secondary data, the paper estimates the lagged effects of the changes in money supply due to the rate cuts on the foreign exchange rates between the US dollar and the Japanese Yen ($/), British Pounds ($/), and the euro ($/), respectively. Since the impact of monetary policy tends to have a time lag, as suggested by Hall and Taylor, the study segments the measurements in six months intervals (6 months form the cut, 12 months from the cut, 18 months from the cut and 24 months from the cut). The relationship between the changes in money supply and potential impact on foreign exchange rate movements will be investigated using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation coefficients (PPMCC) as well as Spearmans Rank Correlation coefficients (SRCC, the nonparametric alternative to the PPMCC). Then, a hypothesis test will be conducted to determine whether the correlation between the Federal Reserves stimulating monetary policy and foreign exchange rate movements is significant.
The Transfer Price Conundrum
Authors: Taylor Virginia Anne
Published: March 2016

International transfer pricing issues are the subject of this paper. The transfer price is the price of goods and services traded between related companies, often through cross-border transactions. The huge and growing volume of tangible and intangible goods involved in transfer pricing situations makes this an important area of study.
The Labour Market Adjustment Of Foreign-Born Workers In Canada: A Multinomial Logit Model Of Employment Status
Authors: Sharif Najma R.
Published: March 2016

This paper examines how the employment profile of newcomers to Canada differs from that of the native-born, controlling for human capital and other individual characteristics, and whether that profile converges to that of the native-born as the length of residence in Canada increases. These questions are important for understanding whether (and the extent to which) foreign workers adjust to Canadian labour markets. They also have significant policy relevance, given that demographic trends in the country suggest that immigration will likely be an even more significant contributor to labour force growth in the years ahead. The econometric tool we employ is the multinomial logit model, which is estimated using data from the 2001 Census of Canada. Employment status, which is a categorical variable with several dimensions, is explained in terms of human capital, demographic and other individual characteristics, with additional controls for immigration status and variables intended to capture the impact of the length of residence of foreign workers in Canada. Since foreign workers are themselves a disparate group, entering Canada with very different socio-economic characteristics, with the potential for very different paths of subsequent adjustment to host country labour markets, we consider several foreign-born groups. This is important for capturing differences that reflect the shift in immigration away from traditional sources (e.g. the U.K) to non-traditional sources (e.g. Asia), and the implications for labour market activity and outcomes.
Globalization And Education: Challenges And Opportunities
Authors: Bakhtiari Sadegh , Shajar H.
Published: March 2016

The impact of globalization on culture and educational system is a major concern. Some people saw it as a treat for traditional institutions such as the family and the school, another argument saw benefits in overturning traditional and developing modern attitudes. this paper will analysis the positive and negative impacts of globalization on education for developing countries. Effective education systems are the foundation of opportunities to lead a decent life. Ensuring that all children have adequate access to education is essential public sector function for countries at all income level. The paper argues that education is a core element of society, and the foundation of democratic choice. The large difference in opportunities in education between countries is one of the basic causes of global inequality. People can only contribute and benefit from globalization if they are endowed with knowledge, skills, and values and with the capabilities and rights needed to pursue their basic likelihoods.
E-Commerce In China And Its Risks And Opportunities For US Companies
Authors: Kim Ki Hee , Leung Lin W. , Leung C. K.
Published: March 2016

China is the fastest growing Internet economy in Asia/Pacific, with Chinese Internet users forecasted to account for approximately half of all Internet usage in the region by the end of 2005. Chinese companies are also proving to be the largest investors of Internet infrastructure equipment as they turn to the Internet to increase business and information flow. As the Internet permeates all corners of the globe, small to medium-sized businesses may be pondering the move to a multilingual ecommerce website to increase their reach, and may be enticed by the potentially huge Chinese market. While a larger corporation can make the transition to a multilingual site with relative ease, small to medium enterprises (SMEs) must be concerned about the cost and effort involved, as well as how to go about the actual translation process and handle complications. Chinas accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO) has opened up many opportunities, especially to expand their operations in the outside world, and has also changed it from a minor trading country to one of the worlds major trading countries. Some companies are already starting to take advantage of these opportunities, making now the key time to get a foothold in the market before everyone else makes their claim. The countries as a whole and its individual companies begin to face a range of issues that will have a direct impact on the course of the countrys further development. This research paper will examine business environment in China for US companies to analyze risks and opportunities of E-commerce in China.
Day Of The Week Effects In Intra-Day Volatility Patterns Of Equity Markets: A Study Of US And European Stock Markets
Authors: Ozenbas Deniz , Zamanian Zaman
Published: March 2016

The pattern of intra-day stock price volatility is established in the academic literature as having a U-shape, with heightened volatility at the open and at the close compared to the other periods of the trading day. We establish in this study that there are variations in this pattern across different days of the week. More precisely, we see that the intra-day U-shaped pattern is more accentuated when we take into consideration the day of the week. Using intra-day data from the New York Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, Deutsche Boerse and Euronext Paris stock markets we show that Monday openings are consistently more volatile than opening periods of other days, and similarly Friday closings are consistently more volatile than closing periods of other days. These findings indicate the increased difficulty of price discovery just before and after the weekend non-trading period. Variance-ratio statistics are employed to test for the significance of our findings.
Ethics And Executives: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Japan, Taiwan, And The United States
Authors: Huang Chunlong , Mujtaba Bahaudin G. , Cavico Frank J. , Sims Randi L.
Published: March 2016

Globalization has facilitated the interaction of people from diverse cultures. As more firms now operate internationally, ethical issues tend to increase, and thus managers nowadays face more complicated situations that challenge their ability to reason morally. In the previous studies, cultural difference is often used to explain the ethical conflicts between home and host country. This research investigates the moral reasoning abilities of top-level business managers of three cultural groupsthe U.S. and Japanese expatriate managers in Taiwan, and local Taiwanese managers. Kohlbergs (1969, 1976, 1984b) theory of cognitive moral development (CMD) and Rests Defining Issues Test Version Two (DIT-2) were used to access the level of ethical reasoning of these business practitioners. Hofstedes (2001) theory of cultural dimensions was used to describe differences among these managers. A DIT-2 survey packet was sent to 750 managerial and executive level employees at a variety of organizations in Taiwan. Results indicate that personal characteristics (gender, age, education level) and organizational factors (ethics code, ethical training) may not significantly affect ones ethical perception. Conversely, cultural difference may be diminished and possible ethical convergence may appear through acculturation to local business environment.