bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concept of Integrity, Reliability and Safety of Energy and Transport Systems for Cold Climate Regions
Authors: Lepov Valeriy V. , Petrov Nikolay A. , Prokhorov Dmitry V. , Pavlov Nikita V. , Zakharov Vasiliy E.
Published: November 2020

The concepts of providing the integrity, reliability and safety of the energy and transport systems in the Arctic zone are considered. The inadmissibility of using the concept of acceptable, or tolerable, risk to ensure the operational safety of potentially hazardous facilities used in extreme environment has been validated by the history and reasons of risk analysis reviewing. The new concept for transport and energy systems operating in cold climates has been proposed to include in the security concept flexible information monitoring and control systems that take into account the state of environment, the engineering system and the operator himself. The promptness of implementation of the new concept of renewable development is dictated by the modern transitional state of society from thoughtless consumption of resources to the minimization of environmental damage and the inadmissibility of human casualties, called Industry 5.0.
Modelling gas supply systems with a high role of autonomous consumers (the case of Mongolia)
Authors: Maksakova Darya , Popov Sergei
Published: November 2020

The paper presents a tool to optimize gas infrastructure systems and analyses some aspects of modelling related to autonomous gas consumers. A model of national gas infrastructure creation in Mongolia is proposed. The model is linked with the model of the regional Northeast Asian gas market and the financial models of gas infrastructure facilities. The model determines the optimal design of the national gas infrastructure system, i.e. the number of the facilities, their capacities, locations and the transport modes for connecting the consumption centres. The role of autonomous consumers is considered by introducing the demand for liquefied natural gas separately from the demand for pipeline gas. The scope of the model application is demonstrated by an illustrative example. The results show the rational natural gas import and distribution patterns. The need for expanding the energy cooperation between Mongolia and the other Northeast Asian countries to create gas industry in Mongolia is highlighted.
Demand of the Population on Heat and Electricity Markets of the Russian Far East: limitations and consequences
Authors: Naiden Svetlana , Dyomina Olga
Published: November 2020

The paper examines the specifics of organization of the electricity and heat energy markets depending on the population behavior in the Far East. The region maintains a regular monopoly, where vertically integrated companies provide services while keeping surplus supply; consumer has no ability to influence the demand in the conditions of imposed prices. The paper estimated the price elasticity of demand on electricity for the population of Khabarovsk Krai, which confirmed the low degree of dependency of consumption from either income or the scale of the tariff. Furthermore, the paper estimated the potential growth of population expenses on electricity in two scenarios: 1) keeping energy tariffs on inflation level and 2) keeping current average annual growth rates of tariffs. There is a differentiation of availability of services depending on the level of income. There is also a need for social support of population from budgets depending on the growth rates of tariffs on electricity and heat energy.
Hydroelectric resources of minor rivers in areas of compact settlement inhabited by low-numbered peoples of the north
Authors: Nogovitsyn Dmitry , Sheina Zinaida , Sergeeva Ludmila
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of expeditionary reconnaissance surveys of minor rivers in the Yana basin that allowed for the first time to estimate the installed capacity of seasonal micro-hydroelectric power stations for power supply to remote isolated localities. Works on the study of the hydrological characteristics of minor rivers in the territory under consideration have not been carried out before. For the first time, reliable information about the hydrological regime of rivers was obtained. This is primarily water consumption and the longitudinal grade of watercourse being the basis for making a decision on the location, determining the capacity of micro-power plants, as well as choosing the necessary hydroelectric equipment.
Innovative development of the fuel and energy complex in the eastern regions of Russia
Authors: Sokolov Alexander , Muzychuk Svetlana , Muzychuk Roman
Published: November 2020

The most important direction of the current stage of Russia’s development is the growth of its energy efficiency associated with the transition to innovative energy. The use of innovative technologies is an important factor influencing long-term forecasts of economic development and the fuel and energy complex (FEC), which necessitates the development of new approaches to justify the forecasts of the FEC development in Russia and its regions. Innovative development of the FEC will increase energy efficiency of the economy and improve the environment as fuel consumption will be reduced and emissions of harmful substances into the environment will be reduced. Solving this problem is important for Eastern regions, which are the most environmentally disadvantaged economic regions of Russia. This has determined the relevance of the study. The goal of the study is to determine the impact of innovative development of the fuel and energy complex on the economy of Eastern regions. Methods of research - system analysis, balance sheet, statistical methods. The authors developed a method to assess the impact of innovative development of the fuel and energy complex on the economy of the regions, created a model and computer tools.
World crisis (2020): Plans and Reality for Implementation of the “Program of Development of the Coal Industry for the Period up to 2035”
Authors: Plakitkina Liudmila
Published: November 2020

The macroeconomic situation, both in the world and in Russia, is considered, which developed in 2020. COVID-19 made significant adjustments to the previously developed forecasts for the development of coal production and export. The results of calculations on the dynamics of coal production and export in the main countries of the world and in Russia are presented. The global crisis of 2020 forces us to revise (adjust) the “Program for the development of the coal industry in Russia for the period up to 2035” adopted in June 2020 (Program) [1], including coal export.
Investment factor’s role in forecasting of regional energy consumption (by the example of the Irkutsk region)
Authors: Korneev Anatoly , Tsapakh Alexander
Published: November 2020

The article examines a methodological approach to regional forecasting of power consumption. It is also analyzed the role of the investment factor in forecasting the economic development of the country and regions. By the example of the Irkutsk region it is estimated the prospective level of power consumption, which is necessary to predict the rational development of the region’s fuel and energy complex in terms of social and economic as well as environmental indicators.
Application of high-performance computing for determining critical components of an energy system
Authors: Edelev Aleksey , Feoktistov Alexander , Bychkov Igor , Basharina Olga
Published: November 2020

This article presents a package for analyzing the energy system vulnerability developed with new technology for continuous integration, delivery, and deployment of applied software. It implements a framework that allows combining and optimally using various methods for modelling energy systems and provides the comprehensive assessment of their vulnerability with regard to various uncertainties. The essential principles to identify and rank critical elements of an energy system are considered in the article. The investigations made with the package shown that the principles seem to be logical for the subsequent construction of the invariant set of measures for improving the energy system resilience.
Analysis of a Large Industrial Enterprise Power Supply Problems from the Position of General System Principles on the Example of LLC Harvester Plant “Rostselmash”
Authors: Fedorova Natalia , Bundikova Vera
Published: November 2020

An industrial enterprise is a complex technical system that interacts with the external environment. The structure and activities of an enterprise are subject not only to technical, economic, legal laws, but also to the laws of general systems theory. This article explores possible ways to improve the efficiency of a large industrial enterprise from the standpoint of system-wide principles.
Reserves of Generating Capacity for Perspective Planning of Development of the Unified Energy System of Russia
Authors: Krupenev Dmitry , Boyarkin Denis , Iakubovskii Dmitrii , Kovalev Gennady , Lebedeva Ludmila
Published: November 2020

Determination of reserves of generating capacity is one of the main tasks in planning the future development of electric power systems. There are many problems that affect the rational level of redundancy of generating capacities in Russian power industry. Modern changes in the Russian electric power industry concerning the level of redundancy of generating capacity in the long-term planning of the development of the Unified Power System (UPS) of Russia are analyzed in the article. The optimization problem of determining the necessary reserves of generating capacity in the power system, based on the assessment of adequacy, taking into account the modern features of the development of the UPS of Russia is presented. The results of assessing the adequacy of the UPS of Russia at the level of 2022 and the value of the optimized reserves of generating capacity in the UPS of Russia are showed in the final part.
Methodology for determining critically important objects of energy systems from positions of ensuring energy security
Authors: Vorobev Sergey , Senderov Sergey
Published: November 2020

An increase in the number of major accidents in energy systems in recent years has been due to the significant depreciation of fixed assets, and the lack of significant financial investments in their reconstruction. Large-scale accidents in energy systems resulting from the failure of the most important system objects entail significant, sometimes irreparable, damage to consumers in the form of large short deliveries of final types of energy. Thus, the identification of the most important facilities and their combinations in energy systems with the subsequent development of measures aimed at reducing the importance of such facilities is relevant today. The article reflects the main points of the comprehensive work on the search and identification of critical objects of the gas industry. The lists of these objects and their combinations, ranked by the degree of influence on consumers, are formed. Possible invariant measures aimed at reducing the importance of such objects are presented.
Additional electric loss in rural distribution networks 0.38 kV
Authors: Naumov Igor , Karamov Dmitriy , Tretyakov Alexander , Fedorinova Elvira , Yakupova Marina
Published: November 2020

The article presents calculations the additional electric loss in the case of three-phase voltage system unbalance in the real rural electrical distribution networks (0.38 kV). Measurements were carried out at substations that receive power from distribution substation “Petropavlovsk”. Measurements were carried out using a certified device “Resource-UF2M”. Also presented are graphs of changes in currents/voltages of the negative-sequence and zero-sequence, electric loss and other parameters. The results of the economic assessment of electricity losses are presented. As a result, the proposed method for reducing the power loss factor, that can reduce the losses of electricity.
Analysis of signal to noise ratio in coronagraph observations of coronal mass ejections
Authors: Hinrichs Johannes , Davies Jackie A. , West Matthew J. , Bothmer Volker , Bourgoignie Bram , Eyles Chris J. , Huke Philipp , Jiggens Piers , Nicula Bogdan , Tappin James
Published: November 2020

We establish a baseline signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement for the European Space Agency (ESA)-funded Solar Coronagraph for OPErations (SCOPE) instrument in its field of view of 2.5–30 solar radii based on existing observations by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Using automatic detection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we anaylse the impacts when SNR deviates significantly from our previously established baseline. For our analysis, SNR values are estimated from observations made by the C3 coronagraph on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft for a number of different CMEs. Additionally, we generate a series of artificial coronagraph images, each consisting of a modelled coronal background and a CME, the latter simulated using the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) model together with the SCRaytrace code available in the Interactive Data Language (IDL) SolarSoft library. Images are created with CME SNR levels between 0.5 and 10 at the outer edge of the field of view (FOV), generated by adding Poisson noise, and velocities between 700 km s−1 and 2800 km s−1. The images are analysed for the detectability of the CME above the noise with the automatic CME detection tool CACTus. We find in the analysed C3 images that CMEs near the outer edge of the field of view are typically 2% of the total brightness and have an SNR between 1 and 4 at their leading edge. An SNR of 4 is defined as the baseline SNR for SCOPE. The automated detection of CMEs in our simulated images by CACTus succeeded well down to SNR = 1 and for CME velocities up to 1400 km s−1. At lower SNR and higher velocity of ≥ 2100 km s−1 the detection started to break down. For SCOPE, the results from the two approaches confirm that the initial design goal of SNR = 4 would, if achieved, deliver a comparable performance to established data used in operations today, with a more compact instrument design, and a margin in SNR before existing automatic detection produces significant false positives.
Frühzeitige Ejakulation und ihre Veränderbarkeit über sexuelle Lernschritte
Authors: Gonin-Spahni Stefanie , Marti Chiara
Published: November 2020

Die frühzeitige Ejakulation, d. h. die Unfähigkeit, die Erregung zu modulieren, ist das von Männern * am häufigsten berichtete sexuelle Problem. Scham und die fehlende Kompetenz, das sexuelle Erleben zu beschreiben, führen dazu, dass dies in der Praxis jedoch kaum angesprochen wird. Nach dem Konzept „Sexocorporel“ wird das sexuelle Problem über die Lerngeschichte des Patienten versteh- und veränderbar.
Sind Männer verzeihensbereiter als Frauen?
Authors: Allemand Mathias
Published: November 2020

Das Thema Verzeihen hat in der Psychologie in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Beachtung gefunden, nicht zuletzt wegen seiner Praxis- und Alltagsrelevanz. Dabei ist eine beachtliche Anzahl wissenschaftlicher Beiträge erschienen, die sich mit der Bedeutung des Verzeihens für Wohlbefinden, Gesundheit und Beziehungen des Individuums sowie mit sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen des Verzeihens beschäftigen. Eine kontrovers diskutierte Forschungsfrage zielt auf mögliche geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede beim Verzeihen.
Männer
Authors: Gehn Jana
Published: November 2020

Definitionen, Fakten, Relevantes – die PiD-Essentials fassen die wichtigsten Informationen zum Thema des Heftes knapp und übersichtlich für Sie zusammen.
Fallbericht Antriebslosigkeit, Soziale Phobie, Alkoholmissbrauch
Authors: Leinert Sven , Klein Rudolf , Ehrenthal Johannes C. , Strimer Corin
Published: November 2020

Ein 27 Jahre alter Student berichtet von Antriebslosigkeit, einem gestörten Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus, sozialem Rückzug und seiner Unzufriedenheit mit sich selbst.
Migräne
Authors: Peuker Elmar T.
Published: November 2020

Der nachstehende Fall beschreibt die Akupunkturbehandlung bei einer Migränepatientin, die trotz leitliniengerechter medikamentöser Therapie (inklusive Prophylaxe) regelhaft mehrere Tage pro Monat durch Migräneattacken stark beeinträchtigt war.
Kopfschmerzbehandlung mit Akupunktur aus Sicht der TCM
Authors: Kirchhoff Stefan
Published: November 2020

Kopfschmerzen können mit Akupunktur auf vielfältige Weise behandelt werden. So besteht die einfache und pragmatische Möglichkeit, nach der Kopfschmerzlokalisation entsprechend der Leitbahnversorgung zu behandeln. Komplexer und individueller ist die zusätzliche Differenzierung nach der chinesischen Syndromlehre. Die Kombination beider Konzepte führt zu effektiven Behandlungsansätzen für sowohl akute als auch chronische Fälle.
Häufige Kopfschmerzerkrankungen
Authors: Peuker Elmar T.
Published: November 2020

Kopfschmerzen stellen mit weit mehr als 60 % der beklagten Gesundheitsstörungen die häufigsten Beschwerden im deutschsprachigen Raum dar 1. Mehr als 50 Mio. Menschen in Deutschland leiden unter episodisch oder chronisch auftretendem Kopfschmerz. Die Lebenszeitprävalenz wird mit mehr als 70 % angenommen, wobei deutlich mehr als die Hälfte den Spannungskopfschmerzen und mehr als ein Drittel den Migränekopfschmerzen zuzuordnen ist. Weniger als 10 % leiden unter selteneren Kopfschmerzformen. Im Folgenden wird ein Überblick über die in der Praxis besonders relevanten Kopfschmerzarten gegeben mit Schwerpunkt auf Migräne, Spannungskopfschmerzen und Kopfschmerzen durch Medikamentenübergebrauch.
Digitalisierung im Therapiealltag: Softwarelösungen für das kontinuierliche Glukosemonitoring
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Sahm Claudia
Published: November 2020

Seit 2005 hat sich das kontinuierliche Glukosemonitoring mit Anzeige der aktuellen Glukosewerte (rtCGM: Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring – im Weiteren wird nur CGM angegeben) etabliert. Es dient der Therapieunterstützung von Diabetespatienten, zunehmend aber auch der Therapiesteuerung von Systemen zur automatisierten Insulindosierung. Im Therapiealltag der Patienten bedeutet das, dass sie jederzeit die Information über die vorliegenden Glukosekonzentration und den Glukosetrend einsehen können, um ihre Therapie zu managen. Für die Diabetesteams stellt die Analyse und Beurteilung der Datenfülle eine Herausforderung dar, die eine Auswertesoftware unabdingbar macht.
Spritzenphobie bei Diabetes
Authors: Maier Berthold
Published: November 2020

Diabetespatienten mit Spritzenphobien beschreiben im Vorfeld und während des Spritzvorgangs bzw. beim Kathetersetzen panikartige Angstzustände, häufig mit Ohnmacht. In der Folge vermeiden Betroffene das Insulinspritzen, wann immer möglich. Die klinische Relevanz der eher seltenen und vorwiegend bei Kindern vorkommenden Angststörung ergibt sich aus der stark erschwerten Umsetzung der Insulintherapie mit dem Ziel des Erreichens normnaher Glukosewerte. Bei der Therapie hat sich die Methode der graduierten Exposition als wirksam erwiesen. Bei Patienten mit Furcht vor Einstichschmerzen helfen anfänglich Entspannungsmethoden, Kontrolle über das Angstgeschehen zu erleben. Bei zurückliegenden Ohnmachtserfahrungen können Patienten diese durch die Methode der „angewandten Anspannung“ kontrollieren. Die Reduktion phobischer Ängste gelingt mittelfristig jedoch nur durch Kontrollerfahrungen ohne Anwendung von Sicherheits- und Vermeidungsverhalten.
Thoracic Surgery during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Experience of a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Smelt Jeremy , Santhirakumaran Gowthanan , Vaughan Paul , Hunt Ian , Tan Carol
Published: November 2020

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus primarily affecting the respiratory system, was initially diagnosed in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. Identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization, the virus rapidly became a global pandemic. The effects on health care worldwide were unprecedented as countries adapted services to treat masses of critically ill patients.

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect that the COVID-19 pandemic had on thoracic surgery at a major trauma center during peak prevalence.

Methods Prospective unit data were collected for all patients who underwent thoracic surgery during March 2020 until May 2020 inclusive. Retrospective data were collected from an earlier comparable time period as a comparison.

Results In the aforementioned time frame, 117 thoracic surgical operations were performed under the care of four thoracic surgeons. Six operations were performed on three patients who were being treated for SARS-CoV-2. One operation was performed on a patient who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2. There were no deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 in any patient undergoing thoracic surgery.

Conclusion This study demonstrates that during the first surge of SARS-CoV-2, it was possible to adapt a thoracic oncology and trauma service without increase in mortality due to COVID-19. This was only possible due to a significant reduction in trauma referrals, cessation of benign and elective work, and the more stringent reprioritization of cancer surgery. This information is vital to learn from our experience and prepare for the predicted second surge and any similar future pandemics we might face.
Kinematics of the Feline Antebrachiocarpal Joint from Supination to Pronation
Authors: Basa Rachel M. , Parr William C.H. , Tan Christopher J. , Walsh William R. , Johnson Kenneth A.
Published: November 2020

Objective Cats rely on their forelimb mobility for everyday activities including climbing and grooming. Supination and pronation of the forelimb in cats are considered to primarily involve the antebrachium, rather than the carpus. Therefore, our null hypothesis was that there would be no movement of the carpal bones (radial carpal bone, ulnar carpal bone and accessory carpal bone) relative to the ulna during supination and pronation.

Study Design Eight feline cadaveric forelimbs were rotated from supination to pronation in a jig and computed tomography was performed in the neutral, supinated and pronated positions. The individual carpal bones were segmented from computed tomography images of the supinated and pronated scans in each of the eight specimens. A feline ulna coordinate system was established and used to quantify the translations and rotations between bones of the proximal carpal row and antebrachium.

Results After the carpus was rotated from the initial supinated position into pronation, there was significant translation (x, y and z axes) and rotation (x and y axes) of the proximal row of carpal bones based on absolute magnitude values. Given the differences in translations and rotations of the proximal row of carpal bones, our null hypothesis was rejected.

Conclusion The proximal row of carpal bones translate and rotate independently from the ulna in the cat during pronation of the antebrachium. This may have future implications in the diagnosis and management of feline carpal injuries involving the antebrachiocarpal joint.
One-Pot Synthesis of Cycloparaphenylenes
Authors: Griwatz Jan H. , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: November 2020

The preparation of cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) with their bent π-system poses a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis. In the current multi-step approaches to access CPPs, pre-angulated precursors were combined using transition metal-catalysed or mediated coupling reactions. Therefore, there is a long way to the realisation of the idea of an ‘ideal synthesis’. An easy and efficient synthesis of different [n]CPPs would represent a breakthrough, also pushing their incorporation into organic materials. By combining multiple steps in a one-pot approach, the overall time and workload can be drastically shortened. Herein, we present the application of this concept for the preparation of [6] and [9]CPP as a simple and fast alternative to current methods. By tuning the reaction conditions the selective synthesis of both [6] and [9]CPP was demonstrated.
An Important Risk Factor Affecting Hypercalciuria in Children: Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: Haberal Hakan Bahadir , Artykov Meylis , Hazir Berk , Altan Mesut , Citamak Burak , Kahraman Oguzhan , Tekgul Serdar , Dogan Hasan Serkan
Published: November 2020

Introduction A large number of genes and environmental factors, like dietary habits, play a role in the development of hypercalciuria in children. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of the presence and grade of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) on hypercalciuria status in children.

Materials and Methods Data for 165 patients who admitted to the Pediatric Urology Department were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were composed of following four different groups: (1) urinary stone patients, (2) VUR patients under follow-up, (3) corrected VUR patients, and (4) control. The demographic features, clinical data, and laboratory tests for the groups were compared.

Results The mean age of the patients was 100.6 ± 54.69 months and the female/male ratio was 79:86. The mean urinary calcium/creatinine (UCa/Cr) excretion and the frequency of high UCa/Cr ratios in the corrected VUR group were similar to those in the control group (p = 0.375 and 0.965, respectively). In contrast, the mean UCa/Cr excretion and frequency of high UCa/Cr ratios in the urinary stone and follow-up VUR groups were significantly higher than those in the corrected VUR group (p < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.003, and 0.029, respectively). The mean UCa/Cr excretion and frequency of high UCa/Cr ratios in the follow-up VUR group were similar to those in the urinary stone group (p = 0.323 and 0.425, respectively). In the follow-up VUR group, although reflux laterality had no effect on the UCa/Cr ratios (p = 0.180 and 0.108, respectively), the mean and frequency of high UCa/Cr ratios were higher in high-grade reflux cases (p < 0.001 and p = 0.042, respectively).

Conclusion Both the mean UCa/Cr ratio and the rate of hypercalciuria in the corrected reflux group were significantly lower than the corresponding values in the follow-up VUR and urinary stone groups. Further, the follow-up VUR patients had similar urinary calcium excretion levels as the stone patients. VUR treatment is associated with a decrease in urinary calcium excretion to the normal population level. A positive correlation between reflux degree and calcium excretion was observed.
A cellular automata model for expanding turbulent flames
Authors: Unni Vishnu R. , Law Chung K. , Saha Abhishek
Published: November 2020

Cellular automata models based on population dynamics, introduced by Von Neumann in the 1950s, has been successfully used to describe pattern development and front propagation in many applications, such as crystal growth, forest fires, fractal growth in biological media, etc. We, herein, explore the possibility of using a cellular automaton, based on the population dynamics of flamelets, as a low-order model to describe the dynamics of an expanding flame propagating in a turbulent environment. A turbulent flame is constituted by numerous flamelets, each of which interacts with their neighborhood composed of other flamelets, as well as unburned and burnt fluid particles. This local interaction leads to global flame dynamics. The effect of turbulence is simulated by introducing stochasticity in the local interaction and hence in the temporal evolution of the flamefront. Our results show that the model preserves various multifractal characteristics of the expanding turbulent flame and captures several characteristics of expanding turbulent flames observed in experiments. For example, at low turbulence levels, an increase in global burning rate leads to an increase in the turbulence level, while beyond a critical turbulence level, the expanding flame becomes increasingly fragmented, and consequently, the total burning rate decreases with increasing turbulence. Furthermore, at an extremely high turbulence level, the ignition kernel quenches at its nascent state and consequently loses its ability to propagate as an expanding flame.
Optimal selection of energy storage nodes based on improved cumulative prospect theory in China
Authors: Liu Jicheng , Wang Zhenzhen , Yin Yu , Li Yinghuan , Lu Yunyuan
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of the wind power value chain, the selection of appropriate node companies has become the focus of wind power alliance, especially in the value chain of energy storage. Through the optimization of the selection of energy storage node enterprises, the role of energy storage in the wind power value chain can be better utilized. At the same time, the optimal selection of energy storage nodes can accelerate the realization of value increment in the wind power value chain. In this study, we combine Interval type-2 fuzzy number and Grey Theory the Interval type-2 fuzzy number with Cumulative Prospect Theory, which is called IGCPT,  and select the optimal energy storage nodes in the value chain based on it. First, considering the sustainable development of the entire value chain, 10 decision criteria from the four dimensions of BOCR: benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks are determined. Based on this, the IGCPT method is used to select the optimal scheme, and an optimization model is proposed to determine the significance of the criteria. Then, through the comparative analysis of the multi-criteria decision-making method and the sensitivity analysis of the obtained results, it is shown that the method can be effectively applied to the selection of energy storage nodes in the wind power value chain. Finally, suggestions and conclusions for the selection of wind power value chain node companies are given.
Excitation and temperature dependence of the broad gain spectrum in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum rings
Authors: Jang Juyeong , Lee Seunghwan , Kim Minju , Woo Sunwoo , Kim Inhong , Kyhm Jihoon , Song Jindong , Taylor Robert A. , Kyhm Kwangseuk
Published: November 2020

We have employed a variable stripe length method in order to measure the optical gain of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum rings. Although the large lateral diameter of quantum rings (∼50 nm) with a few nm size distribution is expected to cause a small spectral inhomogeneity (∼1%), a broad gain width (∼300 meV) was observed. This result was attributed to a variation of the vertical heights and variations in localized states that exhibit crescent shaped wavefunctions, whereby the energy levels are distributed over a broad spectral range. When the excitation intensity is decreased, irregular peaks appear in the gain spectrum gradually. Similar phenomena were also observed as the temperature increased. We conclude that excited carriers in quantum rings are distributed stochastically at various localized states and that the population inversion is sensitive to both excitation intensity and temperature.
57Fe Mössbauer parameters from domain based local pair-natural orbital coupled-cluster theory
Authors: Datta Dipayan , Saitow Masaaki , Sandhöfer Barbara , Neese Frank
Published: November 2020

We report on applications of the domain based local pair-natural orbital (PNO) coupled-cluster method within the singles and doubles approximation (DLPNO-CCSD) to the calculation of 57Fe isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings in a small training set of iron complexes consisting of large molecular ligands and iron atoms in varying charge, spin, and oxidation states. The electron densities and electric field gradients needed for these calculations were obtained within the recently implemented analytic derivative scheme. A method for the direct treatment of scalar relativistic effects in the calculation of effective electron densities is described by using the first-order Douglas–Kroll–Hess Hamiltonian and a Gaussian charge distribution model for the nucleus. The performance of DLPNO-CCSD is compared with four modern-day density functionals, namely, RPBE, TPSS, B3LYP, and B2PLYP, as well as with the second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory. An excellent correlation between the calculated electron densities and the experimental isomer shifts is attained with the DLPNO-CCSD method. The correlation constant a obtained from the slope of the linear correlation plot is found to be ≈−0.31 a.u.3 mm s−1, which agrees very well with the experimental calibration constant α = −0.31 ± 0.04 a.u.3 mm s−1. This value of a is obtained consistently using both nonrelativistic and scalar relativistic DLPNO-CCSD electron densities. While the B3LYP and B2PLYP functionals achieve equally good correlation between theory and experiment, the correlation constant a is found to deviate from the experimental value. Similar trends are observed also for quadrupole splittings. The value of the nuclear quadrupole moment for 57Fe is estimated to be 0.15 b at the DLPNO-CCSD level. This is consistent with previous results and is here supported by a higher level of theory. The DLPNO-CCSD results are found to be insensitive to the intrinsic approximations in the method, in particular the PNO occupation number truncation error, while the results obtained with density functional theory (DFT) are found to depend on the choice of the functional. In a statistical sense, i.e., on the basis of the linear regression analysis, however, the accuracies of the DFT and DLPNO-CCSD results can be considered comparable.
Effect of magnetic compound electrode on space charge injection and accumulation in LDPE
Authors: Zhang Chong , Xing Zhaoliang , Hu Xiangnan , Chen Leran , Yan Shiyu , Li Guochang , Wei Yanhui , Hao Ming , Hao Chuncheng , Lei Qingquan
Published: November 2020

Space charge accumulation is the main factor in accelerating the degradation of polymeric insulation in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables. It is essential for the development of HVDC cables to suppress the space charge in the insulating layer. In this paper, an approach is presented to decrease carrier injection from the inner semiconductive layer to the insulating layer, using a magnetic semiconductive compound. The semiconductive shielding compound was prepared by adding strontium ferrite to a carbon black/ethylene-vinyl acetate/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix. The addition of strontium ferrite led to an increase in the residual magnetic induction of the semiconductor shielding layer. Unmagnetized and magnetized semiconductive compounds were used as electrodes to test the injection of carriers into the LDPE insulation layer. When SrFe12O19 had been added, the charge injected into the LDPE by the magnetized semiconductive layer was less than with an unmagnetized semiconductive layer. When the content of SrFe12O19 was 5 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 30 wt. %, and 50 wt. % in the semiconductive compound, the charge in the LDPE was reduced by 4.2%, 8.1%, 12.5%, and 27.1%, respectively.
Role played by the nanowire/nanowire junctions in the electrical properties of semiconductor percolating silicon nanowire networks
Authors: Legallais Maxime , Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy , Cazimajou Thibauld , Mouis Mireille , Arjmand Tabassom , Salem Bassem , Ternon Céline
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we highlight the key role played by Si nanowire/nanowire junctions in the electrical performance of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on percolating Si nanowire (SiNW) networks, also called nanonets. Using our original technological process to fabricate simultaneously numerous silicon nanonet-based transistors with a variable geometry, we thoroughly investigated in this paper their electrical properties for various channel lengths from 5 to 100 μm. In particular, we evidenced a clear transition in the FET performance, when NW/NW junctions are involved in the conduction path. On the one hand, for channel length shorter than that of nanowires (NWs), the devices are called multiple-parallel-channel FETs as NWs directly bridge the channel, and they exhibit poor electrical performance in terms of OFF current, ON-to-OFF ratio, and subthreshold slope. On the other hand, for channel length longer than that of nanowires (NWs), the devices are called nanonet-FETs (NN-FETs) as the current flows through percolating paths made of NWs and NW/NW junctions and the performance are considerably enhanced. By combining our structural knowledge of the material with experimental observations of electrical properties and modeling results, by relying on the percolation theory, the model for electrical transport in polycrystalline silicon and the principle of potential barrier lowering by the field effect, we propose the junction driven percolation mechanism. It explains the role played by the nanowire/nanowire junctions in the electrical properties of semiconductor percolating nanowire networks and how they drastically enhanced the electrical properties of nanowire-based field-effect transistors despite the disorder introduced by the increasing number of nanowires. As a consequence, by controlling properly the junction interfaces and device geometry for a given NW density, thanks to NW/NW junctions, the NN-based devices are a valuable and promising alternative to improve the electrical performances of NW-based devices for future developments.
Broad-angle refractive transmodal elastic metasurface
Authors: Lee Sung Won , Seung Hong Min , Choi Wonjae , Kim Miso , Oh Joo Hwan
Published: November 2020

Achieving total mode conversion from longitudinal to shear waves for a broad incident angle has been a big scientific challenge in elastic fields, which was impossible to be achieved in classical elastic wave theory. In this paper, we propose and realize a refractive transmodal elastic metasurface that can convert an incident longitudinal wave to a shear wave for a broad incident angle. Here, the total mode conversion is achieved via a sufficiently large phase gradient, while the full transmission is achieved with the impedance-matched single-layered metasurface. Numerical and experimental investigations show that the proposed metasurface can provide almost total mode conversion for a broad incident angle from −20.4° to 22.3°. We expect that the proposed refractive transmodal metasurface can be applied in various ultrasonic systems.
Novel design of hydrodynamic–magnetic compound support for cylinder block–valve plate in axial piston pump
Authors: Jiang Jihai , Du Boran , Zhang Jian , Li Geqiang
Published: November 2020

An innovative hydrodynamic–magnetic compound support (HMCS) is proposed for the cylinder block–valve plate pair of the axial piston pump. Compared with the traditional design method, the magnetic structure provides a fixed magnetic torque to balance the residual torque, which causes eccentric wear on the valve plate and keeps the compression coefficient constant. First, the structure and principle of the HMCS are introduced, the magnetic model is established together with relative hydraulic models, and the influence of the permanent magnet length on the magnetic force is obtained. By studying the magnetic moment, the optimal structure of the magnetic pole is determined. Next, the 3D finite element method is used to simulate the magnetic forces under different pole gaps. After that, a reasonable magnetic pole gap and flux density distribution are determined. To obtain the influence mechanism of the HMCS on the cylinder block, the changing law of the track radii of hydraulic forces and average difference in the track radii are analyzed. Finally, the trend of the resultant torque of the cylinder block under multiple working conditions is analyzed. The results show that the HMCS can balance the residual torque acting on the valve plate, which is beneficial in preventing the occurrence of eccentric wear of the valve plate.
Significantly enhanced dielectric breakdown strength of ferroelectric energy-storage ceramics via grain size uniformity control: Phase-field simulation and experimental realization
Authors: Wu Longwen , Cai Ziming , Zhu Chaoqiong , Feng Peizhong , Li Longtu , Wang Xiaohui
Published: November 2020

The utilization of ferroelectric ceramics in electrical energy storage has become a hot topic due to the urgent need for advanced pulsed power and high power energy storage applications. Much attention has been paid to achieving nanograined ferroelectric ceramics but little to the effect of grain size uniformity, which is critical for dielectric breakdown and reliability. We first investigated this effect via a model based on virtually constructed ceramic samples solved with the phase-field method. Ferroelectric ceramic samples with the same average grain size of typically 100 nm but different uniformity degrees by the variation of the standard deviation values of 83.7, 81.9, 80.1, and 78.7 were constructed via Voronoi tessellation based on a controlled seeding method. The effect of grain size uniformity on the dielectric breakdown was studied through a phase-field dielectric breakdown model. The results indicate that with the standard deviation decreasing, the dielectric breakdown strength is distinctly enhanced. Experimentally, BaTiO3-based ceramics with the same average grain size of 100 nm but different uniformity degrees were realized via conventional sintering and two-step sintering methods. The grain size uniformity of two-step sintered ceramics is greatly improved, which leads to the breakdown strength and discharge energy density of the two-step sintered ceramics about 50% and 100% larger than those of the conventionally sintered ones. This work demonstrates that significant enhancement in dielectric breakdown strength of ferroelectric energy-storage ceramics can be achieved via grain size uniformity control, shedding light on the meticulous design and fine tuning of the energy-storage properties of ferroelectric ceramics.
Emergence of reentrant relaxor behavior with enhanced electromechanical and electrocaloric effect in Ba0.95Ca0.05Sn0.09Ti0.91O3 ceramic
Authors: Varade Pravin , Pandey Adityanarayan H. , Gupta S. M. , Venkataramani N. , Kulkarni Ajit R.
Published: November 2020

Both A- and B-site-substituted BaTiO3 ceramics are promising alternative relaxor materials to replace lead zirconium titanate as an actuator. With a motivation to improve electromechanical properties, a lead-free Ba0.95Ca0.05Sn0.09Ti0.91O3 (BCST) ceramic close to the polymorphic phase boundary composition is synthesized by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm the coexistence of orthorhombic (Amm2) and tetragonal (P4 mm) phases at room temperature. Our low-temperature dielectric study reveals the appearance of a reentrant relaxor state from the ferroelectric state near ∼150 K and is attributed to the coexistence of short and long ferroelectric ordered regions and slowing down of domain dynamics in the smaller regions, similar to the reentrant spin glass state observed in the system Fe-xAu. This feature is confirmed through glass model fitting parameters [ωo = 2.66(±0.28) × 108 Hz, Tg = 110(±1) K, zv = 4.5(±0.3)], and Mydosh parameter (“K” ∼ 0.05). The field-induced polarization (P–E) and strain (S–E) curves show well-defined slim ferroelectric and “butterfly-like” loops with a large value of maximum strain of ∼0.12%, an electromechanical coefficient of d*33 ∼ 1113 pm/V, and an electrostrictive coefficient of Q11 ∼ 0.048 m4/C2 at room temperature.
The role of polarizability in the interfacial thermal conductance at the gold–water interface
Authors: Bhattarai Hemanta , Newman Kathie E. , Gezelter J. Daniel
Published: November 2020

We have studied the interfacial thermal conductance, G, of the flat Au(111)–water interface using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We utilized two metal models, one based on the embedded atom method (EAM) and the other including metallic polarizability via a density readjusting EAM. These were combined with three popular water models, SPC/E, TIP4P, and TIP4P-FQ, to understand the role of polarizability in the thermal transport process. A thermal flux was introduced using velocity shearing and scaling reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics, and transport coefficients were measured by calculating the resulting thermal gradients and temperature differences at the interface. Our primary finding is that the computed interfacial thermal conductance between a bare metal interface and water increases when polarizability is taken into account in the metal model. Additional work to understand the origin of the conductance difference points to changes in the local ordering of the water molecules in the first two layers of water above the metal surface. Vibrational densities of states on both sides of the interface exhibit interesting frequency modulation close to the surface but no obvious differences due to metal polarizability.
A two-dimensional Weibel instability simulation using the non-extensive distribution function
Authors: Esmaeili Amin , Ikram M. , Mushtaq A. , Abid A. A.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the analysis of Weibel instability for electron–positron plasma is carried out by applying the q non-extensive velocity distribution function. Our analysis is based on two dimensional fully kinetic electromagnetic relativistic electromagnetic (EM) particles in cell simulation. The simulation results show the steepening of the distribution function by increasing the q-factor and decreasing the total energy of the system. From plots it can be manifested that in all cases, the particles give energies to the EM fields, and hence, the strength of magnetic tubes decreases. For the non-extensive parameter q = 10, the electron energy levels are higher than the positron energy levels and give energy to both positrons and EM fields.
On the modeling of scalar mixing timescale in filtered density function simulation of turbulent premixed flames
Authors: Yang Tianwei , Xie Qing , Zhou Hua , Ren Zhuyin
Published: November 2020

A new closure of the scalar mixing timescale is formulated to enhance the predictability of large eddy simulation (LES)/filtered density function (FDF) simulations for turbulent premixed flames. Specifically, the new model integrates a dynamic closure for turbulence-induced mixing with a closure for reaction-enhanced mixing, such that the model explicitly accounts for the subgrid mixing due to turbulence and reaction. The model adaptively adjusts the relative contribution from these two aspects according to the local state of combustion and requires no tuning for the mixing rate parameter (CM). To evaluate the model performance, LES/FDF simulations are carried out for the Sydney piloted premixed jet burner flames PM1-50 and PM1-150. Compared with the constant CM model with the baseline CM = 2, the proposed model notably improved the prediction of the overall combustion progress of both flames. The relative importance of the reaction-enhanced mixing in comparison with the turbulence-induced mixing is further investigated. For flame PM1-50, the reaction-enhanced mixing has a prominent impact throughout the combustion progress, resulting in a large variation in CM in the progress variable space. This illustrates the advantage of the proposed model for the flame close to the flamelet regime. For flame PM1-150, the variation in CM during the combustion progress is relatively small owing to the relatively weak reaction-enhanced mixing compared to PM1-50. However, this desired CM is much larger than the order of unity. Therefore, the proposed model also has its advantage for the flame close to the broken-reaction zones regime.
Monochromatic electron emission from CeB6 (310) cold field emitter
Authors: Kasuya Keigo , Kusunoki Toshiaki , Hashizume Tomihiro , Ohshima Takashi , Katagiri Souichi , Sakai Yusuke , Arai Noriaki
Published: November 2020

Observation at low voltage using scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) enables the characterization of surface details on specimens on a nanometer scale and is widely used in science and industry. However, the energy width of the electron source restricts the spatial resolution of SEMs at low voltage, but it can be narrowed by lowering the work function of the emitter material. Here, we developed a cold field emitter using a cerium hexaboride single crystal (CeB6-CFE) as a monochromatic electron source. The work function of the CeB6 (310) plane was estimated to be as low as 2.25 ± 0.17 eV, and the energy width ranged from 0.17 to 0.26 eV for angular current densities ranging from 0.10 to 80 μA/sr. This energy width was 20% to 30% narrower than that of conventional W(310)-CFEs. Using the CeB6-CFE, the spatial resolution of the SEM at an acceleration voltage of 0.5 kV was improved by 11% compared with that of an SEM using the W(310)-CFE.