bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Biological control of stem bleeding disease caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa in coconut
Authors: Rao V Govardhan , Neeraja B , Rao N B V Chalapathi , Kireeti A , Anoosha V , Koteswarao G , Hegde Vinayak , Bhat Ravi , Kumar K C Kiran , Srinivasulu B
Published: July 2023

Stem bleeding disease caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa is also one of the important disease in coconut in Andhra Pradesh. Bio efficacy of native fungal and bacterial bioagents on stem bleeding pathogen Thielaviopsis paradoxa under in vitro conditions revealed that Trichoderma asperellum[Ambajipeta] was significantly superior with 79.17 % growth inhibition followed by T.reesei [Ambajipeta] with 78.33%,. Field evaluation of bio-control agents against Stem bleeding disease in coconut indicated that cake application of T. harzianum & T. reesei formulation completely brought down the disease index by 100 % within 50 days of cake application. Paste application of bioagents viz ., T. harzianum ,T. reesei and chemical fungicide copper oxychloride application were also substantially reduced the disease.
Effect of organic nutrition on growth, yield and economics of knol-khol (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes) cv. Pusa Virat
Authors: Kumar Avneesh , Singh Harpal , Nigam Rashmi
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was carried out at the Organic Research Farm, Karguan ji, Jhansi, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural ?Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.) during rabi season 2020-21 to study the “Effect of organic nutrition on growth, yield and economics of knol-khol cv. Pusa Virat”. Application of 33% each of Mustard cake + PSB + Azotobacter (T6) resulted in significantly maximum growth and yield attributing parameters consequently yield of knol-khol. The plant height was maximum 35.21 cm, leaves 28.97/plant, knob length 24.11 cm and knob breadth 6.59 cm, biological yield 181.79 kg/ha, weight of knob132.58 g, volume of knob 112.35 cc, ultimately yield of knob 148.06 q/ha, with net return Rs. 131632/ha and 2.62 B:C ratio. The second best treatment was T7 having 33% each of neem cake + PSB + Azotobacter which yielded 143.27 q/ha knob i.e. less than 4.79 q/ha as compared to T6 treatment. The knob yield in the control treatment was only 90.64 q/ha with net income Rs. 92570/ha.
Prácticas y saberes pedagógicos de las madres comunitarias rurales del municipio de Paya (Colombia)
Authors: Rico Martha Cecilia , Salazar Jiménez Juan Gabriel
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo, comprender las prácticas y saberes pedagógicos de las Madres Comunitarias (MC) a partir de sus saberes y prácticas, en un contexto rural de vulnerabilidad social. Se abordan categorías de conocimiento y experiencias cotidianas que se configuran en el marco de la educación inicial en Colombia, a partir de la labor de las MC en relación con pedagogía en educación inicial.

Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con un diseño de investigación acción, utilizando la entrevista y el grupo focal. Las participantes del estudio fueron 7 madres comunitarias rurales del municipio Paya Boyacá- Colombia.

Los resultados presentan las categorías de análisis que intervienen para la pedagogía del enfoque de educación inicial y que van en coherencia en la praxis de las MC. Encontrando barreras en cuanto al sentido y la apropiación del concepto en educación inicial a favor del desarrollo integral de los niños y niñas en contextos rurales. Las prácticas pedagógicas de las MC, se gestan desde su saber empírico, pero con intenciones de reflexión para la transformación.

Se concluye que los procesos de cualificación a MC se deben orientar con un sentido holístico, en relación con la práctica pedagógica, las teorías y conceptualización en educación inicial.
Grafitis renacentistas en el Monasterio de Santa Clara de la Columna de Belalcázar (Córdoba): análisis gráfico y arquitectónico
Authors: Millán-Millán Pablo Manuel , Belmondo Simona , Robador González María Dolores
Published: July 2023

El monasterio de Santa Clara de la Columna en Belalcázar (Córdoba), constituye uno de los más importantes ejemplos del gótico mudéjar de Andalucía. Su mal estado de conservación obligó a llevar a cabo una importante intervención de restauración y consolidación. Durante el desarrollo de estas obras aparecieron una serie de tablas, inéditas hasta ahora, con pinturas escondidas que han sido sometidas a un importante estudio material, arquitectónico y gráfico. Este artículo, sintetiza el trabajo de investigación pluridisciplinar que ha permitido sacar a la luz y documentar estos grafitis renacentistas así como su contextualización dentro de la lógica artística del monasterio.
La narrativa gráfica de Jørn Utzon
Authors: Rodríguez García Isidoro , Trachana Angelique
Published: July 2023

En este artículo se analizan los peculiares dibujos de Utzon para el conjunto de viviendas en Skåne de Suecia, en 1953. Su particularidad consiste en la forma de representar en los planos la vida doméstica de la región con un naturalismo que reproduce con todo detalle los objetos de las escenas cotidianas y los rituales de una domesticidad que porta valores esenciales y universales. El objetivo es demostrar cómo en la forma de dibujar de Utzon subyacen narrativas de posicionamiento crítico ante la arquitectura doméstica y su concepto de habitar en el contexto de los países nórdicos. La importancia de estos dibujos en la trayectoria del autor desvela aspectos de su obra que no están investigados, vinculados a la cultura nórdica y muy en particular con la percepción de la luz natural y la concepción a través del dibujo de una arquitectura en función de la luz cuyo elemento central es el patio.
Dibujo vectorial y asoleo geométrico en un entorno contemporáneo y digital
Authors: Juan Gutiérrez Pablo Jeremías , Domingo Gresa Jorge , Marcos Alba Carlos L.
Published: July 2023

Actualmente y en la mayoría de los casos, la aplicación de la teoría de sombras al dibujo arquitectónico tiene como objetivo la obtención de una (o varias) imágenes de mapas de bits. Este hecho a priori inocuo implica que, cuando los factores de iluminación entran en juego durante el modelado y parametrizado de la arquitectura y su entorno, las imágenes vectoriales brillen por su ausencia. En este artículo se explica una metodología para el cálculo de sombras considerando el dibujo vectorial como parte central del proceso y, también, del resultado. Las conclusiones apuntan a que el conocimiento, el control y la posible edición y postproducción de lo que sucede durante el cálculo de la iluminación de los procesos de renderizado es imprescindible en un contexto contemporáneo de excelencia como el universitario pero, también, útil y eficaz en nuestra profesión.
Diagrama y proyecto. La pertinencia de representar y pensar las fuerzas contextuales. Peter Eisenman y Raoul Bunschoten/CHORA
Authors: Cano-Ciborro Víctor
Published: July 2023

A partir de la figura de Peter Eisenman, el artículo presenta el concepto de diagrama y su importancia en la producción arquitectónica de las últimas décadas, para, a continuación, evidenciar cómo semejante herramienta proyectual no sólo permite pensar, visibilizar y especular en torno a la forma arquitectónica, sino a las fuerzas contextuales que rodean a toda construcción espacial. Esta hipótesis será soportada mediante el análisis crítico de dos obras literarias: Diagram Diaries de Eisenman y Urban Flotsam: Stirring the city, de Raoul Bunschoten/CHORA, acompañadas de varios ejemplos ilustrativos donde se hace visible la expresión gráfica de dichas fuerzas y la influencia que tienen las mismas a la hora de abordar la forma y programa del proyecto arquitectónico, urbano o territorial.
Comunicación visual a través de la portada del templo de San Francisco de La Paz
Authors: Matas-Musso Josefina , Pérez Elvira , Mariaca-Cardona Cristian
Published: July 2023

El estilo barroco mestizo o barroco del sur Andino es un estilo particular que se desarrolla en el altiplano de América del Sur y toma fuerzas en Bolivia en los actuales departamentos de La Paz, Oruro y Potosí. Uno de los mejores ejemplos de este estilo es la portada de San Francisco de La Paz que está constituida por tres partes claramente diferenciadas que se fueron alzando en el transcurso del tiempo. La portada retablo en su diseño y en su conjunto transmite un mensaje visual portador de las ideas evangelizadoras de los franciscanos en el siglo XVIII, con el paso del tiempo esa fachada, sigue dialogando con el paceño constituyéndose en un verdadero elemento comunicador de ideas.
Arquitecturas inconclusas: una perspectiva desde la Inteligencia Artificial
Authors: Merino Gómez Elena , Moral Andrés Fernando , Reviriego Vasallo Pedro
Published: July 2023

Los edificios inacabados son una constante a lo largo de la historia de la arquitectura y han dado lugar a intensos debates sobre la pertinencia o no de su finalización, además de ofrecer coartadas para la teorización sobre las posibilidades compositivas en coherencia con las partes construidas.
El desarrollo de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) abre nuevas vías para proponer posibilidades de terminación de arquitecturas inconclusas. En concreto, con la reciente aparición de herramientas como DALL-E, capaces de completar imágenes guiadas por una descripción textual, se puede contar con el auxilio de la IA para labores propositivas. En este artículo exploramos el uso de estas nuevas herramientas de IA para la finalización de fachadas inacabadas de templos históricos y analizamos el estadio, aún germinal, en el ámbito de la composición gráfica arquitectónica.
Conversando con… Andrés Perea Ortega
Authors: Estepa Rubio Antonio , Elía García Santiago
Published: July 2023

Esta entrevista fue realizada por los profesores del Grado en Arquitectura de la Universidad San Jorge, Antonio Estepa Rubio y Santiago Elía García, el miércoles 9 de noviembre de 2022 en el Campus de Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza).
La sesión fue organizada no tanto como una charla común sino, en esencia, como una exposición reflexiva y categórica, por parte de Andrés Perea, sobre los temas que subrayan las preguntas. En este sentido, podemos decir que, apelando al valor didáctico de los mensajes que refiere el protagonista, el contenido aquí presentado ha de comprenderse como lectura global de su pensamiento, su praxis profesional creativa y su labor como maestro de la pedagogía en arquitectura.
Cuatro trazados de la Catedral de Valladolid en un dibujo. La nueva copia del plano de Rivera Manescau
Authors: Gimeno Sanz Carmen , Moral García Álvaro , Carazo Lefort Eduardo
Published: July 2023

La Catedral de Valladolid representa, pese a lo inacabado de sus fábricas, uno de los hitos del clasicismo en la arquitectura española del renacimiento. Su solar ha sido cuna del desarrollo medieval de la ciudad sobre el que, por su relevante posición topográfica, se han sucedido hasta cuatro templos. En 1943 apareció en la prensa local un plano que representaba esa superposición de colegiatas iniciada en el siglo XI. Ese plano se perdió y en la actualidad los autores han logrado localizar una nueva copia. Es objeto de este trabajo la publicación de esa nueva copia y su análisis gráfico, comprobando con la realidad su veracidad histórica, para concluir con una serie de reconstituciones digitales de los cuatro templos que aparecen en él representados.
Time to Positivity of Blood Culture as a Predictor of Causative Pathogens and Survival in Neonatal Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Indonesia
Authors: Widodo Agung Dwi Wahyu , Permana Putu Bagus Dharma , Setyaningtyas Arina , Wahyunitisari Manik Retno
Published: July 2023

Objectives: In the blood culture procedure for neonatal sepsis, time to positivity (TTP) reflects the pathogenic bacterial load and the time required for empirical antibiotic regimen administration prior to definitive treatment. This study aims to identify the differences in TTP among causative pathogens and its predictive value for the overall survival of neonates with sepsis at a tertiary healthcare center in Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2020 to August 2022 at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Neonates with blood culture-proven neonatal sepsis were included in the analysis. TTP was defined as the time between the acceptance of a blood culture specimen from the neonatal intensive care unit and reports of positive culture growth by the laboratory. Results: Across 125 cases, the median TTP was 58.1 hours (IQR = 24.48). Blood cultures were positive within 48 hours for 41.6% of cases, 72 hours for 86.4%, and 96 hours for 98.4%. A significantly shorter TTP was exhibited by the three major gram-negative organisms (Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Enterobacter cloacae) compared to coagulase-negative Staphylococci. The neonatal sepsis mortality rate was 49.6% during the study period. In the Cox multivariate regression model, a shorter TTP was an independently predicted mortality in the entire cohort (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.985, 95% CI: 0.973–0.998) and the gram-negative sepsis cohort group (HR = 0.983, 95% CI: 0.968–0.999). Conclusions: TTP predicts different causative pathogens and the overall survival of neonatal sepsis cases at a tertiary healthcare facility in Indonesia.
Hesaplamalı Hukuk
Authors: KULULAR İBRAHİM Merve Ayşegül , ÇAMKERTEN Ali Semih
Published: July 2023

İnternetin ve bilişim teknolojilerinin gelişimi veriye erişimi kolaylaştırmış, verilerin niteliksel ve niceliksel olarak büyümesi söz konusu olmuştur. Tüm bu gelişmelerveri analizlerinin yaygınlaşmasını sağlamıştır. Gelişen teknoloji ile farklı analiz sistemlerinin veri analizlerinde kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlara göre öngörülen hipotezlerin doğruluğunun veya yasal düzenlemelerin etkinliğinin veya etkili olma ihtimalinin değerlendirilebildiği uygulamalar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu uygulamalarda hukukun sayılarla ifade edilerek yapılan analizler olarak tanımlanabilen hesaplamalı hukuk neticesinde karmaşıklık teorisi yardımıyla mevzuatın uygulamaya yansıması dijital sistemler üzerinden sorgulanmaktadır. Burada amaç hukuk uygulamasındaki somut gerçeklerin tespit edilmesidir. Bu sorgular neticesinde elde edilen çıktılara göre ilgili hukuk kurallarının özgülendiği amacın uygulamada etkili olup olmadığı değerlendirilebilmektedir. Benzer sistemler kullanılarak hukuki düzenlemelerin birbiri ile ilişkisi yahut bir kuralın hukuk sistemi içerisindeki konumu da analiz edilebilmektedir. Toplumların davranışları, suça yönelimleri gibi sosyal olguların da hesaplamalı hukukta analizi mümkün olup bu analiz sonuçları doğrultusunda suçu önleyici mekanizmalar öngörülebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada hesaplamalı hukukun tanımı ve ağ analizi, ampirik analizi ve algoritmik hukuk gibi uygulama alanları analiz edilmiştir. Hesaplamalı hukuk uygulamalarının irdelendiği örnekler üzerinden muhtemel riskleri de belirtilerek hukuki işlevselliğin artırılmasında hesaplamalı hukukun öneminin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın hesaplamalı hukukun Türk hukukunda uygulanması ve doktrin oluşmasında tetikleyici olacağı öngörülmektedir.
Legal gaps as an anomaly of the legal system - consideration of the term and nature of legal gaps
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Čeperković Mina
Published: July 2023

With the development of human society, new social situations arise in which the law often needs to be revised, and, therefore, the need to regulate legal gaps arises. Another possibility is that the legislator is unskilled, that he used vague terms when standardizing certain relations, or that, for various reasons, he failed to standardize those relations. Thus, legal gaps arise in law, which need to be analyzed and filled, especially since the law is expected to regulate those relationships that enable and facilitate social functioning. Therefore, it is necessary to present a thorough theoretical approach to the problem of the existence of legal gaps from the point of view of legal theory. Particular attention should be paid to filling legal gaps; however, as this is not the subject of this paper, we will only emphasize the necessity of solving this issue.
La inseguridad social y su incidencia en los establecimientos de alimentos y bebidas
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo., Olaya Reyes Johana Alejandra , Ronquillo Mosquera Angie Génesis ,   Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo.
Published: July 2023

The perception of safety can have both a positive and negative impact on the demand for food and beverage establishments.The general objective of this study is to analyze the perception of users and owners of tourist establishments about social insecurity to identify the impact it generates in the Vinces canton, Ecuador. Through a mixed approach, using quantitative and qualitative methods through survey techniques for users and owners and interviews with three owners of different types of food and beverage establishments. The results obtained show that in the last two years social insecurity in the Vinces canton has worsened,causing negative impacts for users and owners of an economic, social and psychological nature. That is why it is recommended that the authorities develop immediate actions to reduce insecurity in F&B establishments in the town.
Estudio de calidad del servicio de guianza turística en la “Ruta de la Tortuga” (Santa Cruz - Galápagos)
Authors:   Parque Nacional Galápagos, Lozano Ortega Ginger Melida , Filian Rodríguez Jessica Eliana ,   Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo,
Published: July 2023

The aspects that allow to distinguish the elements of a service with respect to another, is the quality. The quality of the service of a tourist destination is related to the level of satisfaction of its visitors. The objective of this study is to know thelevel of quality of the guidance service for the tourist development of the Ruta de la Tortuga site in Santa Cruz, from an evaluation based on the ISO Standard. Through the mixed typology, various sections have been developed, which are governed in the following order: Part I, consists of the application of a satisfaction survey carried out on its visitors. Section II details the analysis of the bibliographic review that corresponds to the study variables, as well as the referential background of the subject of study, to conclude the study methodology, the results obtained, discussion, conclusions and recommendations.
La concurrencia de fuerza mayor como circunstancia excluyente de culpabilidad en materia de infracciones tributarias
Authors: Borja Banqueri José Ángel
Published: July 2023

La concurrencia de fuerza mayor se ha formulado expresamente por la Ley General Tributaria como una «circunstancia eximente de responsabilidad en materia de infracciones», como así lo ha denominado comúnmente la Doctrina.
En este sentido, se hace necesaria una remisión a la normativa, jurisprudencia y doctrina civil del concepto, fundamentalmente, en orden a tratar de establecer o delimitar cuáles son los requisitos que deben presidir en la fuerza mayor para considerarla, en palabras del autor, como una «circunstancia excluyente de la culpabilidad» del presunto infractor.
Precisamente, el análisis de los escasos pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales existentes sobre la materia, en el orden estrictamente sancionador, ponen de manifiesto, como se pretende a través del presente estudio, que esta circunstancia enervante de culpabilidad puede tener mayor virtualidad y aplicación práctica de lo que, aparentemente, puede pensarse.
Por último, haciendo una referencia al Proyecto de Ley General Tributaria se conecta la circunstancia de la fuerza mayor con el grado de negligencia en el que puede incurrir el contribuyente en materia de responsabilidad tributaria, extremo este que, a juicio del autor, se anticipa como posible objeto de polémica.
Últimas modificaciones introducidas en el IVA
Authors: De Bunes Ibarra José Manuel , Sánchez Gallardo Francisco Javier
Published: July 2023

En el presente artículo se analizan las modificaciones que el Real Decreto 87/2005, de 31 de enero, introduce en la normativa reguladora del IVA y que tienen por objeto revisar el régimen de la rectificación de facturas y documentos sustitutivos, así como otras modificaciones tales como la adaptación del desarrollo reglamentario a la nueva redacción legal que supone la desaparición de los procedimientos de quiebra y suspensión de pagos y su sustitución por el procedimiento de concurso, la adaptación del desarrollo reglamentario de las operaciones con materiales de recuperación, para adaptarlo a la nueva regulación dada a las mismas por la Ley 62/2003, la ampliación del procedimiento de devolución especial del artículo 30 del reglamento, etc.
Asimismo, se tratan los criterios establecidos por la Dirección General de Tributos en sus Resoluciones 1/2005 (relativa al lugar de realización de las entregas de gas y electricidad) y 5/2004 [relativa a las cesiones de diferentes elementos o instalaciones (grifos de cerveza, neveras, dispensadores, rótulo, etc.) que se efectúan las empresas del sector de la producción y distribución de alimentos y bebidas en el marco de la comercialización de sus productos].
El reembolso del coste de las garantías y la suspensión de los actos tributarios en vía de recurso
Authors: Vega Borrego Félix Alberto
Published: July 2023

La suspensión de los actos tributarios cuando se interpone un recurso contra los mismos requiere, en la mayoría de los casos, la aportación de una garantía. Cuando tras la sustanciación del correspondiente recurso se anula el acto impugnado, el recurrente puede solicitar el reembolso del coste de la garantía aportada para obtener la suspensión. En este trabajo se analiza el régimen jurídico de este derecho que recoge el artículo 33 de la Ley General Tributaria.
Los incentivos fiscales a la innovación en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades español: historia y actualidad
Authors: Rivas Sánchez Carlos
Published: July 2023

La larga permanencia de los incentivos fiscales a la innovación en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades español se ha caracterizado por un doble movimiento hacia una cada vez mayor generosidad nominal y una mayor complejidad de los preceptos que los regulan. Esto es especialmente cierto en el caso de la deducción en cuota por actividades de I+D e Innovación Tecnológica, permanentemente acusada, además, con bastante frecuencia, de ser en la práctica inaccesible para las pymes y de carecer de claridad conceptual. Para una mejor comprensión de los anteriores problemas, se realiza un repaso a la evolución histórica que ha dado como resultado la actual configuración de los incentivos fiscales a la innovación en nuestro Impuesto sobre Sociedades; una estructura, además, que la reforma fiscal de finales de 2006 se ha lanzado a remodelar. A continuación, se analiza en detalle la normativa reguladora vigente deteniéndonos en aquellos apartados que se revelan más problemáticos a la hora de su aplicación práctica. Por último, se ofrece un resumen valorativo del anterior análisis y se esbozan posibles líneas de reforma para los instrumentos fiscales estudiados.
Determinantes de la mejora en la performance de las empresas españolas privatizadas
Authors: Cabeza García Laura
Published: July 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 2.º Premio Estudios Financieros 2007 en la Modalidad de CONTABILIDAD Y ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS.
En este trabajo se analiza qué factores podrían explicar la mejora en la performance de las empresas privatizadas. Utilizando una muestra de empresas españolas privatizadas en el período de tiempo 1985-2000, los resultados no apoyan, en primer lugar, una mejora en el funcionamiento de las empresas públicas tras su privatización en términos de rentabilidad y eficiencia en un horizonte temporal a medio plazo (tres años), aunque los resultados varían según la empresa privatizada. Más de un 50 por 100 de las empresas muestran una mejora en la rentabilidad y en torno al 45 por 100 experimentan una mejora en la eficiencia después del primer tramo de privatización. Sin embargo, otros factores parecen influir también en la performance empresarial post-privatización. Así, el nivel de competencia del sector al que pertenece la empresa juega un papel importante en el éxito del proceso privatizador, pues la mejora en la eficiencia parece tener lugar en sectores competitivos. Además, los resultados ponen de manifiesto un efecto positivo del tamaño empresarial, pero no así de la performance previa de la empresa.
The Emergence and Prevalence of Informal Youth Self-published Fanzines in Lithuania
Authors: Kairaitytė-Užupė Aušra , Ramanauskaitė Egidija
Published: July 2023

The article presents the phenomenon of informal newspapers fanzines published by the Lithuanian youth. Using a digitized collection of 500 fanzines from the 1990s and additional sources representing rock music, punk, science-fiction, and other subcultures, employing certain methods of textual analysis and ethnographic research (questionnaires, targeted interviews with zinesters, publishers, and collectors), the article analyses emergence of fanzines, their prevalence in Lithuania, and motivation for their publishing.

The main results of the research show that the most active period of fanzine-publishing in Lithuania was 1990–2004 when a wave of subcultural self-expression among young people was spreading after the restoration of Lithuania’s independence. Fanzines as a phenomenon were characteristic not only of Lithuania’s major cities, but also of its regions. The main motivation to create fanzines signifies young people’s need to disseminate the issues of cultural life important to them yet absent from the official press, to express their creative potential, and to broaden their circle of the like-minded people.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ENERGIA EÓLICA NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Santos Priscila Emanuele de Lucena , Araújo Francisco José Costa
Published: July 2023

A utilização de Fontes Renováveis vem crescendo cada vez mais no Brasil devido a inúmeros fatores, entre eles, a globalização, que trouxe consigo o aumento na demanda de energia elétrica através dos avanços tecnológicos e com isso a necessidade de outras fontes de energias serem exploradas cada vez mais, além daquelas já utilizadas habitualmente, para suprir esse crescimento. O fortalecimento das fontes renováveis possibilita o desenvolvimento nacional, tornando o Brasil um dos países pioneiros na geração de energia limpa. A Energia Eólica faz parte dessa gama de energias inesgotáveis presente no Brasil e tem papel fundamental no desenvolvimento do país no âmbito socioeconômico e nas questões ambientais. Este artigo tem por finalidade destacar a importância da Energia Eólica no cenário elétrico brasileiro através de uma revisão Bibliográfica com bases em dados de artigos, revistas publicados em plataformas como Google Acadêmico e Scielo, apontando as principais vantagens e desvantagens, bem como as perspectivas futuras desse setor.
A comprehensive reappraisal of long-term aerosol characteristics, trends, and variability in Asia
Authors: Jin Shikuan , Ma Yingying , Huang Zhongwei , Huang Jianping , Gong Wei , Liu Boming , Wang Weiyan , Fan Ruonan , Li Hui
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Changes in aerosol loadings and properties are important for the understanding of atmospheric environment and climate change. This
study investigates the characteristics and long-term trends of aerosols of different sizes and types in Asia from 2000 to 2020 by considering multi-source aerosol data and novel analysis methods and perspectives, all of which provides the groundwork for promoting the acquisition of new discoveries that are different from the past. The geometric mean aggregation method is applied, and serial autocorrelation is considered to avoid the overestimation of trend significance. Among regions in Asia, high values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are mainly concentrated in East Asia (EA) and South Asia (SA) and are closely related to the population density. The AOD in EA showed the most significant negative trend, with a value of -5.28×10-4 per year, mainly owing to decreases in organic carbon (OC), black carbon (BC), and dust aerosols. It is also worth noting that this observed large-scale decrease in OC and BC is a unique and significant phenomenon to region of EA and mainly around China. In contrast, the aerosol concentrations in SA generally show a positive trend, with an increased value of AOD of 1.25 × 10−3 per year. This increase is mainly due to large emissions of fine-mode aerosols, such as OC and sulfate aerosol. Additionally, the high aerosol loading in northern SA has a lower AOD variability when compared with that of East China Plain, revealing a relatively more persistent air pollution situation. Over the whole region of Asia, the characteristics of the percentage changes in different types of AOD are seen in the increases in BC (6.23 %) and OC (17.09 %) AOD, together with a decrease in dust (−5.51 %), sulfate (−3.07 %), and sea salt (−9.80 %) AOD. Except for anthropogenic emissions, the large increase in the percentage of OC is also due to wildfires found in northern Asia in the summer, whereas the differently sized AOD only shows slight changes in Asia in that small-sized AOD decreases (−3.34 %) and that the total AOD did not show a significant change. This suggests that, from a trend perspective, decreases in aerosol in recent years have mostly been offsetting earlier increases in the anthropogenic emissions over Asia. To summarize, the above findings analyse the comprehensive characteristics of aerosol distributions and reappraise the long-term trends of different aerosol parameters, which
will greatly enhance the understanding of regional and global aerosol environment and climatology, in addition to filling the gaps and breaking through the limitations of past knowledge.
Estimation of twenty-four-hour continuous cloud cover using ground-based imager with convolutional neural network
Authors: Kim Bu-Yo , Cha Joo Wan , Lee Yong Hee
Published: July 2023

Abstract. In this study, we aimed to estimate cloud cover with high accuracy using images from a camera-based imager and a convolutional neural network (CNN) as a potential alternative to human-eye observation on the ground. Image data collected at 1 h intervals from 2019 to 2020 at a manned weather station, where human-eye observations were performed, were used as input data. The 2019 dataset was used for training and validating the CNN model, whereas the 2020 dataset was used for testing the estimated cloud cover. Additionally, we compared satellite (SAT) and ceilometer (CEI) cloud cover to determine the method most suitable for cloud cover estimation at the ground level. The CNN model was optimized using a deep layer and detailed hyperparameter settings. Consequently, the model achieved an accuracy, bias, root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (R) of 0.92, −0.13, 1.40 tenths, and 0.95, respectively, on the test dataset, and exhibited approximately 93 % high agreement at a difference within ± 2 tenths of the observed cloud cover. This result demonstrates an improvement over previous studies that used threshold, machine learning, and deep learning methods. In addition, compared with the SAT (with an accuracy, bias, RMSE, R, and agreement of 0.89, 0.33 tenths, 2.31 tenths, 0.87, and 83 %, respectively) and CEI (with an accuracy, bias, RMSE, R, agreement of 0.86, −1.58 tenths, 3.34 tenths, 0.76, and 74 %, respectively), the camera-based imager with the CNN was found to be the most suitable method to replace ground cloud cover observation by humans.
Large contribution of soil N2O emission to the global warming potential of a large-scale oil palm plantation despite changing from conventional to reduced management practices
Authors: Chen Guantao , Veldkamp Edzo , Damris Muhammad , Irawan Bambang , Tjoa Aiyen , Corre Marife D.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Conventional management of oil palm plantations, involving high fertilization rate and herbicide application, result in high yield but with large soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aimed to assess a practical alternative to conventional management, namely reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding, to decrease soil GHG emissions without sacrificing production. We established a full factorial experiment with two fertilization rates (conventional and reduced fertilization, equal to nutrients exported via fruit harvest) and two weeding methods (herbicide and mechanical), each with four replicate plots, since 2016 in a ≥ 15-year old, large-scale oil palm plantation in Indonesia. Soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes were measured during 2019–2020 and yield was measured during 2017–2020. Fresh fruit yield (30 ± 1 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and soil GHG fluxes did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.11), implying legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of experiment. Annual soil GHG fluxes were 5.5 ± 0.2 Mg CO2-C ha−1 yr−1, 3.6 ± 0.7 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1, and −1.5 ± 0.1 kg CH4-C ha−1 yr−1 across treatments. The palm circle, where fertilizers are commonly applied, covered 18 % of the plantation area but accounted 79 % of soil N2O emission. The net primary production of this oil palm plantation was 17150 ± 260 kg C ha−1 yr−1 but 62 % of this was removed by fruit harvest. The global warming potential of this planation was 3010 ± 750 kg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 of which 55 % was contributed by soil N2O emission and only < 2 % offset by soil CH4 sink.
Technical Note: revisiting the general calibration of cosmic-rayneutron sensors to estimate soil water content
Authors: Heistermann Maik , Francke Till , Schrön Martin , Oswald Sascha E.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is becoming increasingly popular for monitoring soil water content (SWC). To retrieve SWC from observed neutron intensities, local measurements of SWC are typically required to calibrate a location-specific parameter, N0, in the corresponding transfer function. In this study, we develop a generalized conversion function that explicitly takes into account the different factors that govern local neutron intensity. That way, the parameter N0 becomes location-independent, i.e., generally applicable. We demonstrate the feasibility of such a "general calibration function" by analysing 75 CRNS sites from four recently published datasets. Given the choice between the two calibration strategies – local or general – users will wonder which one is preferable. To answer this question, we estimated the resulting uncertainty of the SWC by means of error propagation. While the uncertainty of the local calibration depends on both the local reference SWC itself and its error, the uncertainty of the general calibration is mainly governed by the errors of vegetation biomass and soil bulk density. An interactive online tool is provided to support the decision decide which calibration strategy – local or general – is preferable in the user-specific application context (https://cosmic-sense.github.io/local-or-global).
Reducing the High Mountain Asia cold bias in GCMs by adaptingsnow cover parameterization to complex topography areas
Authors: Lalande Mickaël , Ménégoz Martin , Krinner Gerhard , Ottlé Catherine , Cheruy Frédérique
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The influence of topography on the snow cover fraction (SCF) is investigated in this study with 5 different parameterizations. These SCF parameterizations are evaluated using the High Mountain Asia Snow Reanalysis (HMASR). Then, they are implemented in the ORCHIDEE land surface model (LSM) of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) general circulation model (GCM) to quantify their skill in global land-atmosphere coupled simulations. SCF varies as a function to snow depth (SD), with a relationship that differs between flat and mountainous areas in HMASR. SCF parameterizations that do not include a dependency on the topography lead to large snow cover overestimations. Furthermore, a hysteresis between SCF and SD is found in HMASR, with a rapid snow cover increase during accumulation and a slower retreat of patchy snow occurring during ablation periods, discarding parameterizations not considering this effect. The application of the parametrizations in global simulations shows contrasting results depending on the location because other processes also explain the snow biases. Nevertheless, the snow cover overestimation in mountain areas is reduced by about 5 to 10 % on average when we include a dependency on the subgrid topography in our SCF parameterizations, which in turn allows to decrease the surface cold bias from −1.8 °C to about −1 °C in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) region. However, persisting snow cover biases remain in these experiments, with a SCF overestimation in HMA, as well as a SCF underestimation in several other regions (e.g., the Rockies mountains). Further calibration considering other regions and multiple datasets would allow to improve the SCF parameterizations. Assessing SCF parameterizations is challenging as it requires both realistic snowfall and snowpack in model experiments, and combined SCF, SD, and SWE – or snow density – observations, that are generally limited and uncertain in mountainous regions.
Blockchains and Triple-Entry Accounting for B2B Business Models
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad Imran , Nisar Kashif , Khan Imran , Shehzad Danish
Published: July 2023

A blockchain is a distributed ledger (DL) that records and tracks of transactions on a P2P network. It was originally designed for cryptocurrencies, but it is now used in healthcare, supply chain management, finance, and many more fields due to its security and trustworthiness. Trust and security are critical factors in any business, and the B2B model is no exception. In businesses, trust becomes more critical when the stakes are higher and the relationships are more complex. Centuries-old Double-Entry Accounting (DEA) is still used as an underlying accounting practice, and its reliability and efficiency are beyond question. But a critical review of DEA reveals that it lacks support for B2B transactions, as the two parties maintain their accounting books without cross-checks and verifications that may lead to an implausible situation. Triple-Entry Accounting (TEA) is an emerging accounting practice introduced in the recent past to overcome the limitations of DEA. It only applies if an outside person or business is involved in a transaction and is not meant to record any internal business transactions. Recording transactions on a blockchain and entering the third transaction via TEA are conceptually the same. The potential of blockchain-based TEA can address the challenges of the B2B business model and overcome some specific limitations of DEA. This study aims to survey the current state of the adaptation of blockchains and TEA in B2B transactions. The methodology used in this study can be classified as exploratory qualitative research and is based on the latest literature on the topics. The findings of this study would deepen our understanding of blockchains and TEA for B2B transactions as they highlight new opportunities and challenges.
LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN THE WATER OF THE KOLA BAY (THE BARENTS SEA)
Authors:   Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, CHEKMENEVA N. A. , DOLGOVA A. O. ,   Zubov State Oceanographic Institute
Published: July 2023

Long-term dynamics of petroleum hydrocarbons content in the seawater of the Kola Bay (the Barents Sea) and in the area of the water station in the commercial port of Murmansk is analyzed. The study is based on the data from the state observation system for the period of 2011-2021. A variation range of petroleum hydrocarbons concentrations in the seawater is estimated; the average, minimum, and maximum values are analyzed and compared. Maps of concentrations and variability of hydrocarbons in the southern, northern, and central bends of the Kola Bay until 2014 inclusive are constructed. A necessity of resuming studies of the petroleum hydrocarbons content across the Kola Bay is substantiated.
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND PM10, PM2.5, PM1,0 PARTICLES IN THE ATMOSPHERE OVER THE SOUTHERN BAIKAL REGION
Authors:   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, MARINAITE I. I. , KHODZHER T. V. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, OBOLKIN V. A. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, POTYOMKIN V. L. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2023

The study presents the data on concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), coarse (PM10, PM2.5) and submicron (PM1.0) particles in the atmosphere over the southern Baikal region at two monitoring stations (urban (Irkutsk) and rural (Listvyanka village)) in 2019-2022. Seasonal dynamics and high correlations between their concentrations are revealed. It was found out that PAHs are mainly sorbed on coarse particles in the atmosphere over Irkutsk and on submicron particles in Listvyanka. The total concentration of 21 PAHs varied at the stations from 1-3 ng/m3 in summer to 35-50 ng/m3 in winter, with an average annual value approximately 20 ng/m3. High concentrations in all seasons were determined for fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and phenanthrene. The calculated equivalent of aerosol toxicity in the atmosphere over Irkutsk increased from summer to winter with a growing contribution of benzo[a]pyrene exceeding maximum permissible concentration (MPC) by 8 times. The mass concentration during the year varied from 13 to 180 µg/m3 for PM10, from 4 to 121 µg/m3 for PM2.5, from 4 to 118 µg/m3 for PM1.0. Exceeding the MPC for PM2.5 by 1.1-3.4 times was recorded in Irkutsk from November to May. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs and the factor analysis identified the main sources of air pollution by this class of compounds over the southern Baikal region, which are combustion of coal, liquid fuel, and firewood, and also motor transport emissions.
Evaluation And Analysis Of Decision-Making on the Business Method of hhe Paseh's Strategic Business Unit (SBU) For The Stones And Non-Metallic Mine At Jasa Sarana (Bumd Of West Java)
Authors: Ardiansyah Putra Topan
Published: July 2023

Jasa Sarana is a BUMD Holding of the West Java Provincial Government engaged in Infrastructure. In running its business, Jasa Sarana applies the Business Strategic Unit (SBU), a rock and non-metal mineral mining business. It was initiated in 2005-2006, with a mining area of 19.45 hectares, with rock mineral resource reserves of 3.3 million BCM. However, it could only do optimized by 24% over 16 years. If done correctly, the mining business plan must be implemented for only 15 years. With a target Payback Period of 3.35 Years, an NPV of Rp. 1,641,000,000, and IRR of 20.44%. The remaining rock mineral resources currently available are 2.5 million BCM, expected to be re-developed and generate profits for the company. Jasa Sarana has carried out preparatory steps, including conducting feasibility studies and exploratory research on this mining business unit. It did expect that the losses suffered by the company could recover in a fast time. Decision-making on the right ways and methods to reactivate this Business Unit becomes a concentration of research, consisting of situation assessment, decision analysis, and analysis of potential problems. An evaluation of the situation determines the conditions and causes of business operations underperforming externally and internally. Several problems were revealed, such as corruption, mis-partners, ineffective work methods, to improper handling of mining techniques, which became the root of the problem. Jasa Sarana has several options for handling this Business Unit with several alternatives. Including running this business unit owned by providing additional capital and recruiting competent experts, looking for the right partner with the qualifications of an experienced partner, or even selling this business unit so that it does not become a burden on the company.
Analisis Pengaruh Promosi Financial Technology (E-Money) Dan Ketersediaan Dana Melalui Gaya Hidup Terhadap Impulsive Buying (Studi Kasus Pada Karyawan Divisi Sparepart
Authors: Rahayu Nila , Abdurrahman Abdurrahman , Dwi Genadi Yeldy , Milawati Nur Fazillah
Published: July 2023

In the era of globalization, shopping activities are not only for buying goods needed or for fulfilling needs, but shopping has become a lifestyle, pleasure & psychological activity. Not only the promotion of e-money, lifestyle, availability of funds (money availability), it also becomes the basis for consumers to make purchases. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial technology promotion (e-money) and the availability of funds through lifestyles on impulsive buying. The population used in this study are employees of PT. Mitra Pinasthika Mulia Surabaya in the spareparts division and the number of samples of this study were 92 people with a purposive sampling method. This research used PLS as analysis. The results showed that e-money promotion had a negative influence on impulsive buying, e-money promotion had a positive effect on lifestyle, the availability of funds had no effect on impulsive buying, the availability of funds had a positive effect on lifestyle and lifestyle had a positive effect on impulsive buying.
Evaluasi Struktur dan Skala Upah (SSU) UKM PT XYZ Berdasarkan Metode Skala Ganda Berurutan dan Skala Ganda Tumpang Tindih
Authors: Naufal Eryogia Kevin , Mustika Rochmasari Larassati , Akram Ahmad Muhammad , Faris Nirwan Muhammad , Putri Purhadi Swietenia , Kartika Lindawati
Published: July 2023

Setiap perusahaan membutuhkan sistem kompensasi yang baik untuk dapat mendorong karyawan dapat bekerja secara optimal. UKM PT XYZ merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang kuliner berlokasi di Kota Bogor dan Depok dengan 20 karyawan beserta pemilik. Berdiri sejak 2021, UKM PT XYZ saat ini berada pada fase pertumbuhan menuju pendewasaan, sehingga perlu dilakukan peninjauan kembali struktur dan skala upah yang dimiliki perusahaan untuk menyesuaikan dengan kondisi bisnis saat ini.  Penelitian ini bermaksud mengevaluasi sistem struktur dan skala upah  pada UKM PT XYZ menggunakan metode skala ganda berurutan dan skala ganda tumpang tindih. Luaran dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi perusahaan yang bersangkutan beserta pembaca untuk menentukan sistem kompensasi yang ideal untuk karyawan, dengan berdasar pada teori kompensasi yang berlaku. Data primer diambil dengan teknik sampling kemudahan melalui in-depth interview dengan 17 karyawan, terdiri atas data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa identitas, sertifikasi, dan data perusahaan yang diperoleh dari manajer, laman media sosial perusahaan, serta sumber teori terkait. Hasil pemetaan dan analisis kemudian digunakan untuk menyusun struktur kompensasi yang baru. Ditemukan bahwa perlu adanya penataan ulang struktur dan skala upah UKM PT XYZ, terkhusus menggunakan metode skala ganda tumpang tindih.
Pasar Wadai Ramadhan (Cake Fair) Banjarmasin: Fading Local Food Festival
Authors: Rchwono Yudianto , Suharto Bambang , Isnaini Santi
Published: July 2023

This research is tended to explore the cause of declining interest in the annual food festival in Banjarmasin, Pasar Wadai Ramadhan (Ramadhan Cake Fair). This festival has been running for 38 years and only during the month of Ramadhan. It originally sells traditional delicacies and as time goes by some local spectacles are shown during the festival to attract more visitors. The aim of this research is to provide a contribution to the image strengthening of Banjaresse culture as well as economic sustainability for the people in South Kalimantan. SWOT analysis was used to conduct obtain the result of this research. The use of SWOT analysis to conduct this research is to bring out the result by conducting interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the steps done, the result showed the cause of a lesser audience of this festival is due to the changes of occurring place for the event. To keep this annual festival sustainable, support from local authorities and locals is crucial in implementing a sustainable festival management strategy.