bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The subjectivity of the personality of learners as a response to the challenges of modern times
Authors: Shvetsova Arina , Kuprina Maria , Rumyantseva Lyudmila
Published: December 2020

Justification of the objectives of the study: the article discusses issues related to the present, faced by students and future professionals, as well as teachers and psychologists. Subjectivity is an integrative, complex characteristic of personality. The purpose of this study: to consider the concept of “subjectivity” as a qualitative characteristic of a personality that opens up the possibility of adapting to the challenges of our time. Identify points of underdevelopment for the prospects of psychological activity in this area. Research methods: Components of subjectivity determined the choice of methods. Accordingly, to study the level of subjective control localization, we used the J. Rotter test questionnaire, the Everett L. Shostrom questionnaire to determine personal orientations, and the diagnosis of reflexivity to study the level of development of emotional intelligence. A.V Karpova and the Toronto alexithymia scale. Research results: most students tend to focus on a structure set from the outside, focused on external, often alien personality factors, which does not contribute to the development of subjectivity, does not form responsible for the learning outcome Main conclusions. At the student age, direct directed psycho-correctional work on the development of the components of subjectivity is possible and necessary. For this, it is necessary: the inclusion in the process of goal-setting and planning of various types of activities; the creation of situations of choice and self-determination, social and professional tests. Such efforts will allow the formation of a modern personality that can meet the challenges of our time.
Cross-linguistic interaction and evolution of language: objective and subjective factors
Authors: Mazirka Irina , Donskova Irina , Smyslov Sergey , Velikoredchanina Larisa
Published: December 2020

The present paper is aimed at investigating the role in the language development of a factor of its interaction with other languages, which is mostly pronounced within the process of translating different types of texts. Besides the linguacultural value, exploration of this phenomenon has general theoretical significance, since it is closely related, first, to the issue of correlation of internal and external factors that determine evolution of a language as a social phenomenon, and, second, to the issue of communicational potential peculiar to interacting idioms. The key research methods were the analysis of factual information obtained when having scrutinized the main tendencies observed in the process of resolving this issue during translation of foreign writings into Russian within different periods; defining the most illustrative translation methods used when having performed that process; highlighting different viewpoints of Russian and foreign scientists on the problem under consideration. The results of the research show, on the one hand, that the general idea of equality of communicational potential of different languages in different historical contexts requires certain amendments to be made, and on the other hand – that these amendments are determined not so much by linguistic, but more by extralinguistic factors that mainly stem from socioeconomic reasons. This, of course, does not preclude the subjective moments partly determined by translators’ competence.
Digital generation representatives of various professional success levels: psychological features
Authors: Pishchik Vlada , Postnikova Margarita
Published: December 2020

The article presents the values of the individual psychological features of sales managers, reinforcing their professional effectiveness. The novelty lies in the fact that the individual psychological features of managers belonging to the digital generation, manifested in mental activity, interpersonal relationships and emotional reactions to the effects of the environment were studied. The following methods were used: the method of determining of the types of thinking and the level of creativity by G. Bruner, self-assessment of mental states by H. Eysenck, diagnostics of interpersonal relationships by T. Leary, test «Motivational profile» by Sh. Richie and P. Martin, PSM25 by Lemour-Tessier-Fillion adapted by N.E. Vodopyanova, the technique of diagnostics of the type of the emotional reaction to the stimuli of the environment by V. V. Boyko. We calculated primary statistics and used the criteria analysis applying the Student's t-test. The results showed that: there are significant differences in individual psychological peculiarities of sales managers with different levels of professional efficiency. Effective managers are more aggressive, more closed, do not seek long-term relationships, financially oriented, have a need for achievements, recognition. Ineffective managers are more rigid, anxious, frustrated, aggressive, seek structured work, focused on long-term relationships, have a low need for self-improvement.
Directions and practical tools for professional education quality increase (the case of tourism industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Authors: Kalenova Saulesh A. , Yerubayeva Gulzhan K. , Razakova Dina I. , Demeuova Bahytgul M. , Ushakov Denis
Published: December 2020

The economic globalization in the century of competition increase assumes some new economic relations. In our opinion, one of the key points for state’s competitive recovery is the domestic tourism development which, in turn, requires some changes in the skilled personnel training. The research objectives are in conduct and analysis of the results of sociological survey among travel companies’ representatives working directly with graduates in the city of Almaty. In the course of the sociological research, we have applied the methods of generalizations, analyses, statistical distributions, expert judgments and comparisons. The conducted analytical research has allowed for studying the opinions of those specialists practicing in the tourist business and, thereupon, for making some conclusions and providing certain recommendations on the education quality improvement in training personnel for the tourist industry.
Technologies of tutorial assistance in the visual activity distance education for the bachelors-designers
Authors: Zakharova Natalia , Vlasova Irina , Kartavtseva Olga
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the innovative approaches in the distance form of training the bachelors-designers, the direction of the tutorial assistance vector and the ways of realizing the creative potential of students in visual activity. Emphasis is placed on the innovative approaches and technologies in distant training the bachelors-designers, on the extracurricular activities of the students using telecommunications and information technologies, the tutoring technology as the most acceptable technology and a humane form of pedagogical interaction, creating the conditions for self-development and self-realization of students. The assessment criteria are defined as the products of visual activity in the process of distant training, and the products of art as a result of this activity. The conditions for successful self-realization and harmonization of the students in the visual activity distant training process.
Technologies for the bachelors-designers’ artistic abilities development
Authors: Protopopova Irina , Kartavtseva Olga
Published: December 2020

The artistic abilities’ development is considered as the spiritual and creative development of an individual. The structure of the artistic abilities and the psychological and pedagogical conditions of their development are analyzed. The structure and content of the technology for the abilities, principles, methods and conditions development for its implementation are considered. The innovative technology content for the development of the bachelors’ artistic abilities is described, where the abilities turn into strengths and abilities of an individual.
Professional meanings as a resource for teacher development in the space of modern innovations
Authors: Shcherbakova Tatyana , Misirov Dinamudin , Semergey Sergey , Erovenko Viktor
Published: December 2020

The article describes the content of professional meanings as a resource for teacher development in the space of modern innovations. The content of the article reveals the features of the projection of professional meanings in the activity of a teacher, the influence of semantic formations on the professional development of a modern teacher. The paper describes the subjective determinants of the formation of meanings and values adequate to the teacher's mission in the context of resources and risks of the modern innovation space. The author describes the teacher as a carrier and translator of professional and personal orientations and semantic models of relationship with the world. The article describes the psychological functions of professional meanings in the activity and promotion of a teacher in the profession. Systematized criteria for the development of professional meanings of the teacher as a resource for its development in the space of modern innovations. The results of an empirical study of teachers ' ideas about the meanings of professional activity and their projections of semantic formations in real practice are presented.
Experience of using distance technology to teach Chinese undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fedotova Olga , Platonova Elena , Latun Vladimir , Filkevich Igor , Igumnov Oleg
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the organization of the educational process in Russian universities. The object of the research is the experience of implementing e-education and the transition to distance technologies for continuing education of Chinese undergraduates in the Russian metropolitan university. Russian universities had the technical capabilities and used various electronic educational platforms. In the same time, the results of the survey showed a decrease in the satisfaction of Chinese full-time students when switching to distance learning. The study shows the significant factors that had a negative impact on the educational process using distance technology to teach Chinese undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors have grouped these factors into five groups (technical, language, emotional, and financial, content of lecture). Identification of these factors made it possible to develop a program to improve the educational process and enhance the satisfaction of foreign students studying at Russian universities.
The research of personal and professional development features of college graduates in the university: content and methods
Authors: Мorozova Yanina , Kuzheleva Inessa
Published: December 2020

The features of the personal and professional development of the future specialists are studied in the aspect of their specialization. These are revealed through the use of projective research methods - the essays "My professional plans" and "My usual day in … years", incomplete sentence method, and a questionnaire to assess the level of socio-psychological adaptation. To study the college graduates’ adaptation peculiarities to educational process in the university, the questionnaire was used, designed to determine the level of educational and professional adaptation in psychophysiological, professional and socio-psychological aspects. The article describes the use of the "Incomplete sentences" method, its modification depending on the indicators of the respondents group. The results of testing students are presented in detail. Other research methods are also described.
Notes from experience in application of interactive teaching methods in university settings
Authors: Arsenijević Jasmina , Nikolić Marija , Belousova Alla
Published: December 2020

Both theory and practise agree that, in order to achieve numerous advantages of interactive teaching, it is crucial that teachers and students have experience in interactive work and posses some social competencies. Interactive teaching are ineffective when teachers lack pedagogical knowledge and experiences and when students unaccustomed to interaction in class. That is why this paper presents the most important experiences in interactive teaching practise in a university environment, shows examples of good practice and points out the most common challenges that teachers may face. Teaching techniques that enable a smooth flow of interaction and enable better effects in the field of learning are offered. The paper recommends techniques of “breaking the ice”, building trust, and the gradual introduction of interaction from working in pairs, from smaller to larger groups. The paper further recommends student grouping techniques, which serve as a mechanism for improving the quality of interaction and finally present ideas and experiences for guiding simulations and role plays as one of the most effective interactive methods.
Analysis of the methods for assessing the quality of entrepreneurial education
Authors: Vdovichenko Maria , Lyapuntsova Elena , Belozerova Yulia , Drozdova Ilona
Published: December 2020

Improving the quality of education is becoming one of the main goals of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, any reform in education is aimed at improving quality. To date, it has been proven that there is a direct relationship between entrepreneurship activity and entrepreneurship education. Every year the Ministry of Education creates new programs aimed at training enterprisers. The paper aims to study possible methods of independent quality assessment of entrepreneurship education. In the course of the research, mechanisms for monitoring the quality of entrepreneurship education were developed and proposed.
LSTM based Ensemble Network to enhance the learning of long-term dependencies in chatbot
Authors: Patil Shruti , Mudaliar Venkatesh M. , Kamat Pooja , Gite Shilpa
Published: December 2020

A chatbot is a software that can reproduce a discussion portraying a specific dimension of articulation among people and machines utilizing Natural Human Language. With the advent of AI, chatbots have developed from being minor guideline-based models to progressively modern models. A striking highlight of the current chatbot frameworks is their capacity to maintain and support explicit highlights and settings of the discussions empowering them to have human interaction in real-time surroundings. The paper presents a detailed database concerning the models utilized to deal with the learning of long haul conditions in a chatbot. The paper proposes a novel crossbreed Long Short Term Memory based Ensemble model to retain the information in specific situations. The proposed model uses a characterized number of Long Short Term Memory Networks as a significant aspect of its working as one to create the aggregate forecast class for the information inquiry and conversation. We found that both of the ensemble methods LSTM and GRU work well in different dataset environments and the ensemble technique is an effective one in chatbot applications.
Obesity in Gynecologic Oncology
Authors: Kölbl Heinz , Bartl Thomas
Published: December 2020

The decades-long global obesity epidemic has resulted in steady increase in the incidence of obesity-related malignancies. The associated diagnostic and therapeutic implications present a clinical challenge for gynecologic oncology treatment strategies. Recent studies have provided solid evidence for an independent, linear, positive correlation between a pathologically increased body mass index and the probability of developing endometrial or postmenopausal breast cancer. The pathogenesis is complex and the subject of current research. Proposed causes include pathologically increased serum levels of sexual steroids and adiponectin, obesity-induced insulin resistance, and systemic inflammatory processes. The scientific evidence for an association between obesity and other gynecological malignancies is, however, less solid. The clinical relevance of obesity as a risk factor for epithelial ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and vulvar cancer appears to be negligible.
Nevertheless, obesity appears to have a negative impact on prognosis and oncologic outcomes for all gynecological cancers. Whether or not this effect can be interpreted as correlative or causal is still a subject of ongoing debate.
Status of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Vulvar and Cervical Cancer
Authors: Waldschmidt Julia , Jung Lisa , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf
Published: December 2020

Assessment of lymphatic metastasis is an essential component of solid tumour staging. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows regional lymph node involvement by tumour to be estimated by selectively examining the sentinel lymph node while minimising the morbidity of systematic lymph node dissection. Within the group of genital cancers, the diagnostic value of SLN biopsy is rated differently. For selected patients with early-stage vulvar cancer (unifocal primary tumour < 4 cm, clinically negative inguinal lymph nodes) the SLN technique is already an established procedure in the guidelines of the German Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (DGGG)/German Cancer Society (DKG) and the recommendations of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO). For cervical cancer, SLN biopsy has not yet been sufficiently standardised but can be considered for patients without risk factors with a primary tumour size < 2 cm. The SLN
is identified by combined use of radioactive 99mtechnetium nanocolloid and patent blue. The use of indocyanine green offers an alternative for SLN identification with few side effects. Recent studies aim to increase the diagnostic reliability of intraoperative frozen section analysis as this continues to show limited sensitivity in both vulvar and cervical cancer. The rate of detection of micrometastases can be increased by additional ultrastaging, the prognostic significance of which for both diseases is still unclear. The prognostic value of SLN biopsy compared with systematic lymph node dissection is being investigated in current studies (GROINSS-V-II for vulvar cancer and SENTIX-, SENTICOL-3 for cervical cancer). For this review article, a guideline-based literature search was performed in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE) database with a particular focus on recent cohort studies and conference contributions.
How does Radiomics actually work? – Review
Authors: Attenberger Ulrike Irmgard , Langs Georg
Published: December 2020

Personalized precision medicine requires highly accurate diagnostics. While radiological research has focused on scanner and sequence technologies in recent decades, applications of artificial intelligence are increasingly attracting scientific interest as they could substantially expand the possibility of objective quantification and diagnostic or prognostic use of image information.

In this context, the term “radiomics” describes the extraction of quantitative features from imaging data such as those obtained from computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examinations. These features are associated with predictive goals such as diagnosis or prognosis using machine learning models. It is believed that the integrative assessment of the feature patterns thus obtained, in combination with clinical, molecular and genetic data, can enable a more accurate characterization of the pathophysiology of diseases and more precise prediction of therapy response and outcome.

This review describes the classical radiomics approach and discusses the existing very large variability of approaches. Finally, it outlines the research directions in which the interdisciplinary field of radiology and computer science is moving, characterized by increasingly close collaborations and the need for new educational concepts. The aim is to provide a basis for responsible and comprehensible handling of the data and analytical methods used.

Key points: 

Citation Format
Erschöpfung in der Gynäkologie: Inflammation, Hormone oder Tumor?
Authors: Wolf Alfred S.
Published: December 2020

Ein Großteil der an SARS-CoV2-Erkrankten zeigt langzeitige Nebenwirkungen in Form von Erschöpfung, Leistungsverlust und anhaltender Müdigkeit. Generell lassen sich die Ursachen einer Fatigue im Wesentlichen einem Tumor, einer neuroendokrinen Reaktion oder einer Inflammation zuordnen. Der Verlauf und die Klinik der Post-COVID-19-Fatigue ähnelt den Erschöpfungskrankheiten ausgelöst durch Herpesviren. Bei der Therapie spielen Beratung und Coaching eine wichtige Rolle. Zunächst werden verhaltenstherapeutische Maßnahmen geraten, ergänzt durch eine Lebensstilberatung.
Correction: Satisfaction of scientists during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Raabe Isabel J. , Ehlert Alexander , Johann David , Rauhut Heiko
Published: December 2020

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00675-9
Method allows for dual harmonic control in smart surfaces
Authors: Fore Meredith
Published: December 2020

Metasurfaces could previously provide control over only one harmonic, but researchers have found a way to double that potential.
A temperature-modulated dilatometer by using a piezobender-based device
Authors: Gu Yanhong , Liu Bo , Hong Wenshan , Liu Zhaoyu , Zhang Wenliang , Ma Xiaoyan , Li Shiliang
Published: December 2020

We report a new design of a temperature-modulated dilatometer, which obtains the linear thermal expansion coefficient by measuring the oscillating changes of the sample’s length and temperature by using a piezobender and a thermocouple, respectively. Using an iron-based superconductor KFe2As2 as an example, we show that this device is able to measure thin samples with high resolutions at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. Despite its incapability of giving absolute values, the new dilatometer provides a high-resolution method to study many important physical properties in condensed matter physics, such as thermal and quantum phase transitions and vortex dynamics in the superconducting state. The prototype design of this device can be further improved in many aspects to meet particular requirements.
The effect of temperature cycles on conductivity mechanism using polyimide
Authors: Qin Sichen , Tu Youping , Chen Bingying , Xu Duohu , Tan Tian , Chen Geng , Yuan Zhikang
Published: December 2020

Traditionally, conductivity, a key parameter for evaluating the probability of electrostatic discharge, has been subscribed to the belief that it is a constant value. However, in actual working conditions, such as the low earth orbit environment, the conductivity value of dielectrics is not constant due to the variation in temperature. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to investigate the conductivity value of dielectrics in the time-varying field and explore the hidden mechanism of the charging phenomenon. In this paper, we investigated the dynamic conductivity value using polyimide during four temperature cycles. The result shows that there is a positive correlation between conductivity and temperature above the turning point temperature. However, when the temperature is lower than the turning point temperature, the conductivity value hardly changes with temperature. In the four cycles, the conductivity value in the same temperature decreases with the cycles. The space charge distribution test and the thermally stimulated current experiment are carried out to explain the charging phenomenon. The results show that the heterocharge accumulates continually and is captured by deep traps above 0.55 eV. It could be concluded that the thermally stimulated detrapping effect makes the charge trapping difficult, which results in the conductivity value in the same cycle changing with the temperature above the turning point temperature and the heterocharge accumulating. The trap-filling effect inhibits the charge conduction process, which makes the conductivity value in the same temperature to decrease with temperature cycles.
Modeling surfactant-laden droplet dynamics by lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Zong Yajing , Zhang Chunhua , Liang Hong , Wang Lu , Xu Jiangrong
Published: December 2020

Based on the phase-field theory, we present an improved lattice Boltzmann (LB) method for simulating droplet dynamics with soluble surfactants. This method takes advantage of three sets of particle distribution functions for solving the coupled system of two Cahn–Hilliard-like equations and incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The phase-field model is formulated from the perspective of the Ginzburg–Landau free energy functional, where some modifications introduced circumvent unphysical behavior of the interfacial layer and improve the well-posedness of the model. We also give a comprehensive review on the existing surface tension force formulations and demonstrated that the popular potential form is artificial; instead, an alternative potential surface tension force is deduced. The equation of state accounting for the influence of the surfactant concentration on interfacial tension can be directly incorporated into the present approach, further improving the flexibility of the method. Besides, a linear equilibrium distribution function and a proper source term are introduced into the LB method for surfactants such that it can recover the correct physical formulations for a surfactant-laden multiphase system. An abundance of numerical experiments is carried out to validate the LB method, and the numerical performances of the tensor and potential surface tension forces are also evaluated. It is reported that the potential scheme achieves a better accuracy in solving interfacial dynamics at low surfactant concentrations and also is in favor of lower spurious velocities. In addition, the numerical predictions of surfactant-laden droplet dynamics show good agreement with the literature data.
Anomalous Lorenz number in massive and tilted Dirac systems
Authors: Sengupta Parijat , Bellotti Enrico
Published: December 2020

We analytically calculate the anomalous transverse electric and thermal currents in massive and tilted Dirac systems, using β-borophene as a representative material, and report on conditions under which the corresponding Lorenz number (Lan) deviates from its classically accepted value (L0). The deviations in the high-temperature regime are shown to be an outcome of the quantitative difference in the respective kinetic transport expressions for electric (σ) and thermal (κ) conductivity and are further weighted through a convolution integral with a non-linearly energy-dependent Berry curvature that naturally arises in a Dirac material. In addition, the tilt and anisotropy of the Dirac system that are amenable to change via an external stimulus are found to quantitatively influence Lan. The reported deviations from L0 hold practical utility inasmuch as they allow an independent tuning of σ and κ, useful in optimizing the output of thermoelectric devices.
Coupling electrons and vibrations in molecular quantum chemistry
Authors: Dresselhaus Thomas , Bungey Callum B. A. , Knowles Peter J. , Manby Frederick R.
Published: December 2020

We derive an electron–vibration model Hamiltonian in a quantum chemical framework and explore the extent to which such a Hamiltonian can capture key effects of nonadiabatic dynamics. The model Hamiltonian is a simple two-body operator, and we make preliminary steps at applying standard quantum chemical methods to evaluate its properties, including mean-field theory, linear response, and a primitive correlated model. The Hamiltonian can be compared to standard vibronic Hamiltonians, but it is constructed without reference to potential energy surfaces through direct differentiation of the one- and two-electron integrals at a single reference geometry. The nature of the model Hamiltonian in the harmonic and linear-coupling regime is investigated for pyrazine, where a simple time-dependent calculation including electron–vibration correlation is demonstrated to exhibit the well-studied population transfer between the S2 and S1 excited states.
Aging in a mean field elastoplastic model of amorphous solids
Authors: Parley Jack T. , Fielding Suzanne M. , Sollich Peter
Published: December 2020

We construct a mean-field elastoplastic description of the dynamics of amorphous solids under arbitrary time-dependent perturbations, building on the work of Lin and Wyart [Phys. Rev. X 6, 011005 (2016)] for steady shear. Local stresses are driven by power-law distributed mechanical noise from yield events throughout the material, in contrast to the well-studied Hébraud–Lequeux model where the noise is Gaussian. We first use a mapping to a mean first passage time problem to study the phase diagram in the absence of shear, which shows a transition between an arrested and a fluid state. We then introduce a boundary layer scaling technique for low yield rate regimes, which we first apply to study the scaling of the steady state yield rate on approaching the arrest transition. These scalings are further developed to study the aging behavior in the glassy regime for different values of the exponent μ characterizing the mechanical noise spectrum. We find that the yield rate decays as a power-law for 1 < μ < 2, a stretched exponential for μ = 1, and an exponential for μ < 1, reflecting the relative importance of far-field and near-field events as the range of the stress propagator is varied. A comparison of the mean-field predictions with aging simulations of a lattice elastoplastic model shows excellent quantitative agreement, up to a simple rescaling of time.
Multiscale integration of environmental stimuli in plant tropism produces complex behaviors
Authors: Moulton Derek E. , Oliveri Hadrien , Goriely Alain
Published: December 2020

Significance

To survive and to thrive, plants rely on their ability to sense multiple environmental signals, such as gravity or light, and respond to them by growing and changing their shape. To do so, the signals must be transduced down to the cellular level to create the physical deformations leading to shape changes. We propose a multiscale theory of tropism that takes multiple stimuli and transforms them into auxin transport that drives tissue-level growth and remodeling, thus modifying the plant shape and position with respect to the stimuli. This feedback loop can be dynamically updated to understand the response to individual stimuli or the complex behavior generated by multiple stimuli such as canopy escape or pole wrapping for climbing plants.
Hierarchical routing in carbon metabolism favors iron-scavenging strategy in iron-deficient soil
Pseudomonas
species
Authors: Mendonca Caroll M. , Yoshitake Sho , Wei Hua , Werner Anne , Sasnow Samantha S. , Thannhauser Theodore W. , Aristilde Ludmilla
Published: December 2020

Significance

Siderophore secretion confers competitive advantage to pathogenic and beneficial bacteria in various nutritional environments, including human infections and rhizosphere microbiome. The siderophore biosynthesis must be sustained during a compromised carbon metabolism in Fe-deficient cells. Here we demonstrate that Fe-deficient
Pseudomonas
species overcome this paradox by coupling selectivity in carbon utilization with a hierarchy in metabolic pathways to favor carbon and energy fluxes for siderophore biosynthesis. A reprogrammed metabolism is predicted from genomics-based data obtained with several marine and soil bacterial systems in response to Fe deficiency, but metabolomics evidence is lacking. The present study offers an important roadmap for investigating the underlying metabolic connections between Fe or other metal nutrient availability and carbon utilization.
Manual action motivates networked meanings of a productive construction in Mandarin
Authors: Hung Steffi H.
Published: December 2020

This study analyzes the manual action verbdǎas part of the [dǎ – NP] construction in two Chinese corpora. Drawing on constructionist perspectives on language productivity (Goldberg 2006;Gries 2012), I show that [dǎ – NP] is a productive construction the multiple meanings of which are conceptually motivated by manual action. The type-token distributions show the productivity of the [dǎ – NP] schema, and the semantic clusters in a network of meanings show a gradation of manual action experiences with no clear-cut conceptual boundaries. Usage productivity goes hand in hand with semantic extension, which gives rise to the emergence of the light verbdǎ. Contra previous morpheme-based studies that viewdǎas a polysemy in its own right, isolated from its network of collocates, I argue that polysemy is a consequence and an epiphenomenon of constructional productivity resulting from language use and exemplar propagation.
Assessing the impact of automatic dependency annotation on the measurement of phraseological complexity in L2 Dutch
Authors: Rubin Rachel
Published: December 2020

The extraction of phraseological units operationalized in phraseological complexity measures (Paquot, 2019) relies on automatic dependency annotations, yet the suitability of annotation tools for learner language is often overlooked. In the present article, two Dutch dependency parsers, Alpino (van Noord, 2006) and Frog (van den Bosch et al., 2007), are evaluated for their performance in automatically annotating three types of dependency relations (verb + direct object, adjectival modifier, and adverbial modifier relations) across three proficiency levels of L2 Dutch. These observations then serve as the basis for an investigation into the impact of automatic dependency annotation on phraseological sophistication measures. Results indicate that both learner proficiency and the type of dependency relation function as moderating factors in parser performance. Phraseological complexity measures computed on the basis of both automatic and manual dependency annotations demonstrate moderate to high correlations, reflecting a moderate to low impact of automatic annotation on subsequent analyses.
Modelling crosslinguistic n‑gram correspondence in typologically different languages
Authors: Milička Jiří , Cvrček Václav , Lukešová Lucie
Published: December 2020

N‑gram analysis (popularized e.g. by Biber et al., 1999) has
become a popular method for the identification of recurrent language patterns. Although the extraction of n‑grams from a corpus may seem
straightforward, it proves to be very challenging when applied cross-linguistically (cf. e.g. Ebeling
and Ebeling, 2013; Granger and Lefer, 2013; Čermáková and Chlumská, 2017). The major issue is that the quantities of n‑grams of a certain length in typologically different
languages do not correspond. Consequently, n‑grams of a given length may function differently across languages, rendering a direct
comparison inadequate. Our paper introduces a function capable of modelling the relation between the quantities of n‑grams in typologically
distant languages, using the example of Czech and English (and some other language pairs). Based on our model, we can suggest what n‑gram
lengths should be contrasted to better reflect the size of n‑gram inventories in each language. The correspondence may not be intuitive
(e.g. a Czech 2-gram may best correspond to an English 2.5-gram), but it still provides researchers with a general guide as to what might be
useful to include in their analysis (e.g. in this case 2-grams in Czech and 2- and 3-grams in English).
Characterisation of graded austenitic stainless steel sheet fabricated by stair rolling treatment
Authors: Berahmand Mohammad , Ketabchi Mostafa , Jamshidian Mostafa
Published: December 2020

We propose a novel processing technique called Stair Rolling Treatment (SRT) to generate a graded sheet with a functionally graded microstructure along its longitude. The SRT process generates a longitudinal plastic strain gradient by the cold rolling of a longitudinally variable-thickness plate. Microstructural and mechanical characterisation of the 304L stainless steel SRT sheets, are performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, microhardness measurements, and uniaxial tensile tests. Mechanical characterisations show that the gradients of phase and grain size lead to mechanical incompatibility and hence non-uniform stress and strain during tensile tests. The annealed SRT sheet samples demonstrate a good combination of strength and ductility.
Efficacy and safety of filgotinib in Japanese patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis: Subgroup analyses of a global phase 3 study (FINCH 2)
Authors: Takeuchi Tsutomu , Matsubara Tsukasa , Atsumi Tatsuya , Amano Koichi , Ishiguro Naoki , Sugiyama Eiji , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Genovese Mark C , Kalunian Kenneth , Walker David , Gottenberg Jacques-Eric , de Vlam Kurt , Bartok Beatrix , Pechonkina Alena , Kondo Akira , Gao Jie , Guo Ying , Tasset Chantal , Sundy John S , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To evaluate efficacy and safety of filgotinib in Japanese RA patients who have failed or were intolerant to one or more biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) from the global FINCH 2 study (NCT02873936)

Methods

This subgroup analysis was performed using the predefined statistical analyses. The FINCH 2 study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 study in adult RA patients with inadequate response to bDMARDs. The randomized patients were treated with once-daily filgotinib 200 mg, filgotinib 100 mg or placebo on a background of csDMARDs for 24 weeks.

Results

Of 449 patients enrolled in the overall population, 40 patients were enrolled from Japan. In the Japanese population, the American College of Rheumatology 20% response rates at week 12 (primary endpoint) were 83.3% and 53.3% for filgotinib, 200 mg and 100 mg, respectively, vs 30.8% for placebo. Filgotinib was well tolerated, similar to the overall population.

Conclusions

Both doses of once-daily filgotinib 200 mg and filgotinib 100 mg were effective, and generally well-tolerated in Japanese patients with active refractory RA.
Considering the impact of universal newborn hearing screening and early intervention on language outcomes for children with congenital hearing loss
Authors: Ching Teresa Y. C. , Leigh Greg
Published: December 2020

Objective

In this paper, we draw on evidence to address the impact of earlier identification of congenital hearing loss through universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) and the associated earlier access to interventions including cochlear implant (CI) technology on outcomes of children with hearing loss.

Methods

Data from the Longitudinal Outcomes of Children with Hearing Impairment (LOCHI) study were analysed to examine the impact of UNHS and earlier intervention on language outcomes. The LOCHI study includes more than 450 deaf and hard of hearing Australian children whose hearing losses were identified variously through newborn hearing screening or later paths to confirmation and intervention.

Results

Seventy-two percent of the screened group received hearing aid fitting before 6 months of age, which more than doubled the 32% in the non-screened group. On average, children who received earlier intervention achieved language at age 5 years commensurate with their typically developing peers. Children who do not have disabilities in addition to hearing loss and received their first CIs before age 12 months achieved language scores within the range of typically developing peers.

Conclusion

Newborn hearing screening led to earlier intervention. Children who received earlier intervention achieved better outcomes than those who received later intervention.
Relaxation effects on the magnetic cross section and fluorescence radiation polarization after 4d inner-shell photoionization of Ba-like ions
Authors: Ma Kun , Chen Zhan-Bin
Published: December 2020

On the basis of the multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method and the density matrix theory treatment of photoionization (PI) dynamics, a systematic investigation for 4d inner-shell PI of exemplary Ba atom and Ba-like Nd4+, Gd8+ and Yb14+ ions is performed. Starting from the general framework of the relativistic, the relaxation effects are considered by using a set of relaxed one-electron orbitals in solving the coupled Dirac equations. Our results uncover for the first time that the relaxation effects, arising from the overlap integrals between orbitals of the initial state and the relaxed final state, may play a paramount role in determining the magnetic sublevel cross sections, the photoelectron angular-distribution asymmetry parameters, and the fluorescence polarizations of the subsequent x-ray radiation, particularly for neutral atoms close to the threshold regime. Yet the importance of inclusion of the orbital relaxation weakens as the incoming photon energy and/or the degree of atom ionization increases. The nature of these influences is explored, which allows us to get more insight on the physical process and mechanism involved. Our results are consistent with those obtained by the experiments and other theoretical predictions.
Why SF6 eats electrons: identifying high electrical strength molecules from their electron collision properties
Authors: Wang Chunlin , Cooper Bridgette , Wu Yi , Sun Hao , Tennyson Jonathan
Published: December 2020

The electrical strength of a molecule is a measure of its ability to act as an insulator and to absorb electrons. SF6 is a high electric strength gas. This work tries to explain why molecules like SF6 have a high electrical strength from the perspective of electron molecule scattering. The presence of a very low energy (<<1 eV) totally symmetric state in form of a very low-lying resonance, virtual state or very weakly bound state appears to be crucial. R-matrix calculations performed at the static exchange plus polarisation (SEP) level are performed for a number of molecules that show a range of electrical strengths. SEP calculations suggest that SF6 has a strong low energy 2A
g
resonance feature which becomes a weakly bound state as more virtual orbitals are included in the calculation. High electrical strength molecules such as CCl4, CCl3F and CCl2F2 also have a totally-symmetric low-energy resonance, while the low electrical strength molecules such as CH4, CH3F…CF4 and CClF3, do not show any resonance behaviour in the low energy region. It is suggested that this low energy feature can be used as an indicator when searching for new molecules with high electrical strength facilitating searches for new gases which could provide an alternative to SF6.
How to fairly share a watermelon
Authors: Carletti Timoteo , Fanelli Duccio , Guarino Alessio
Published: December 2020

Geometry, calculus and in particular integrals, are too often seen by young students as technical tools with no link to the reality. This fact generates a loss of interest in students with a consequent removal of motivation in the study of such topics and more widely in pursuing scientific curricula. With this note we put to the fore a simple example of practical interest where the above concepts prove central; our aim is thus to motivate students and to reverse the dropout trend by proposing an introduction to the theory starting from practical applications. More precisely, we will show how using a mixture of geometry, calculus and integrals one can easily share a watermelon into regular slices with equal volume.
Analysis of a didactic sequence using educational robotics to teach graphs in kinematics
Authors: dos Santos Paulo José Sena , dos Santos Toni Fernando Mendes
Published: December 2020

Many researches show that students have difficulties in understanding graphics in kinematics. Some authors argue that we can use different instructional strategies to reduce these difficulties. Based on these studies, we developed and applied a didactic sequence using educational robotics to teach graphic analysis in movements in a dimension with constant speed. In this work, we will analyse the results of a sequence through the scores obtained by students in the tests applied before and after the activities. We used the Wilcoxon test to assess the existence of statistical differences between the scores of students in the pre- and post-tests, and we also analyse students’ answers to each question. We identified the existence of a statistical difference between the scores obtained by the students in the tests and the possibility of evolution in the understanding of the use of graphs for the analysis of the movements.
Comment on ‘A low-cost cryogenic temperature measurement system using Arduino microcontroller’
Authors: Gingl Zoltan , Mingesz Robert
Published: December 2020

A recent paper (Woong Sung Lee 2020 Phys. Educ.
55 023002) demonstrates how to build a low-cost Arduino-based system to measure temperature down to 77 K. The idea is interesting, and the paper has several merits, however we have found considerable mistakes. In our comment we point out what the problems are and show solutions too. We think that our analysis can help the reader to see what should be considered for proper operation and to see how the related methods can be useful concerning STEM education also. Our contribution can support reliable and accurate temperature measurement without calibration.
Damage quantification of 3D-printed structure based on composite multiscale cross-sample entropy
Authors: Lin Tzu-Kang , Huang Ting-Hsuan
Published: December 2020

This study combined three-dimensional (3D) printing and composite multiscale cross-sample entropy (CMSCE) in structural health monitoring (SHM) and explored a quantification criterion for single-story structural damage index (DI). By quantifying the DI, the study established a SHM system suitable for real-world structures. A numerical model of a seven-story 3D printed structure was first created. Through the establishment of various bracing conditions as failure modes, damage to the structure was simulated properly, and CMSCE was used to effectively indicate the location of damage. Moreover, the DI was used to shorten the assessment time and improve system accuracy. The DI quantification facilitated observation of the effects of various degrees of damage on the analysis results. Based on the results, an experiment involving a 3D-printed structure was conceived. First, an experiment involving a seven-story structure with severe, moderate, and marginal single-story damage was conducted. The signals obtained from these structures were used to perform CMSCE analysis. Structural damage was detected using entropy curves and DI figures to determine the location and degree of damage as well as to quantify the DI. Thus, the study developed a reliable method by combining emerging 3D printing technology with the CMSCE DI to explore the feasibility of practical application.
Thermodynamics and overcharging problem in extended phase space of charged AdS black holes with cloud of strings and quintessence under charged particle absorption *
Authors: Liang Jing , Mu Benrong , Tao Jun
Published: December 2020

The thermodynamics and overcharging problem in RN-AdS black holes with a cloud of strings and quintessence are investigated by the absorption of scalar particles and fermions in extended phase space. The cosmological constant is treated as the pressure of the black hole. The parameters related to quintessence and the cloud of strings are treated as thermodynamic variables. We find that the first law of thermodynamics is satisfied and the second law of thermodynamics is indefinite. Furthermore, we find that near-extremal and extremal black holes cannot be overcharged.