bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Fever After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Decannulation: Differentiating Infectious from Non-Infectious Causes of Fever and Their Impact on Outcomes
Authors: Kim Sua , Kim Jooyun , Kim Saeyeon , Lee Ji-Hee , Kim YuJin , Hwang Jinwook , Shin Jae Seung , Kim Je Hyeong
Published: December 2024

Background: A fever is an important sign that affects patient outcomes with various etiologies in the post-decannulation period of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); however, the cause is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and clinical implications of fevers after ECMO decannulation in critically ill patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of adult patients who were successfully weaned off venoarterial (VA) or venovenous (VV) ECMO. Decannulation fever was defined as fever that occurred within 72 h of ECMO decannulation. The peak and duration of fever were followed for 2 weeks after decannulation, and the relationship with infection was assessed. Results: A total of 47 patients were included (22 [46.8%] on VA ECMO and 25 [53.2%] on VV ECMO). There were 35 (74.5%) patients who had decannulation fever, including 16 (34%) with active infections. Active infection during the study period was not related to the ECMO setting or duration; rather, infectious fever lasted longer than non-infectious fever (4 [interquartile range; IQR: 1–7] vs. 11 [IQR: 2–7] days, p = 0.023), and the C-reactive protein level was higher on post-decannulation day 7 (p = 0.006). Active infection was associated with increased mortality (odds ratio [OR] 6.067, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1289–32.644, p = 0.036), whereas decannulation fever was not (OR 0.156, 95% CI 0.025–0.977, p = 0.047). Conclusions: Fever is an important indicator of ECMO decannulation. However, the different timing and duration of fevers during the post-decannulation period of ECMO may have various clinical implications.
High-Pressure Injection Injury of the Hand—A Rare but True Surgical Emergency
Authors: Pertea Mihaela , Luca Stefana , Benamor Malek , Constantinescu Mihai-Codrin , Bulgaru-Iliescu Andra-Irina , Amarandei Alexandru , Moraru Dan-Cristian , Saibi Khairi , Ben Mrad Samar , Filip Alexandru , Filip Nina
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The aim is to bring attention to the existence of a rare type of trauma of the hand, high-pressure injection injury, that appears to be minor with negligible signs and symptoms within the first hours after the accident, but in reality, produces significant tissue destruction with severe consequences. Recognizing this type of trauma by medical personnel, understanding the mechanisms involved, and knowing the etiological and prognostic factors can lead to early treatment initiation and avoid severe mutilating sequelae. Methods: A retrospective study on 16 patients diagnosed with high-pressure injection injuries, including water, air, paint, paint mixed paint with thinner, petroleum jelly, and lime (washable paint containing calcium oxide). The patients’ epidemiological data, the time from accident to diagnosis, reasons for delayed diagnosis, treatments applied, and outcomes were recorded and evaluated. Results: All injuries occurred at the workplace due to negligence. Oil-based paint was implicated in 31.25% of cases. The most frequently affected anatomical region was the volar surface of the distal phalanx of the nondominant hand index finger. In one case, delayed presentation to medical care and diagnosis resulted in a compartment syndrome, requiring amputation. Conclusions: It is crucial to recognize and understand this type of trauma, as it constitutes an emergency due to its rapid progression. Delayed diagnosis can result in massive tissue destruction, potentially leading to the loss of limb segments and debilitating functional sequelae, which may severely impact a patient’s socio-professional life.
Does Ankyloglossia Surgery Promote Normal Facial Development? A Systematic Review
Authors: Kotarska Małgorzata , Wądołowska Alicja , Sarul Michał , Kawala Beata , Lis Joanna
Published: December 2024

Background: Ankyloglossia is a congenital, abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum that restricts tongue mobility, which may impair the development of the lower face morphology, namely the occlusion and skeleton. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether and how the lingual frenotomy benefits the occlusion and lower face skeleton development. Search methods and selection criteria: The authors, independently and in duplication, performed searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, and Embase, introducing the following keywords: tongue tie, ankyloglossia, and short lingual frenum/frenulum, combined with malocclusion, lower face skeleton, and hyoid bone. Data collection and analysis: Relevant articles were assessed for quality according to the Cochrane guidelines and the data extracted for further analysis of the risk of bias and the evidence strength. Results: Seven articles including 1349 patients with ankyloglossia and 90 in the control group underwent the detailed analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed as low. The strongest evidence of studies reporting the relationship of ankyloglossia with lower face abnormalities concerns the reduction in the intercanine and intermolar widths in either the maxilla or the mandible, as well as Class III occurrence. Limitations: The drawbacks of the analysed papers are mainly composition and number of participants. There is also a lack of good-quality prospective studies, particularly randomised clinical trials, in the literature. Conclusions: Although the lack of high-quality studies dictates that we must treat our results cautiously, the gathered evidence conditionally allow us to state the following: 1. ankyloglossia may be one of the factors contributing to maxillary constriction, Class III malocclusion, and mandibular incisor crowding; 2. the patient’s age is relevant when it comes to frenotomy timing. Possible indications for the procedure depend on the patient’s malocclusion.
Efficacy of Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) Therapy in Managing Childhood Myopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sobol Maria , Pniewski Jacek
Published: December 2024

Objectives: As Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) therapy is becoming increasingly prevalent in clinical practice, mainly in the Far East, largely due to its child-friendly nature and the feasibility of home use, this study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of RLRL therapy in managing childhood myopia, specifically in relation to axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER), across a larger group of children aged from 6 to 16 years. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to access relevant databases and to locate outcome studies. Eligibility criteria included publication type, participant characteristics, and outcomes report. As appropriate, data analysis was conducted using either a random or fixed effects model. Results: Ten articles were included in the final analysis. All the studies included in the analysis were conducted in China and most of them is shortened to one year follow-up time. The mean difference in change of AL between the study and control groups was −0.33 mm with confidence levels ranging from −0.42 to −0.25 mm. The mean difference in change of SER between the study and control groups was 0.63 D with confidence levels ranging from 0.42 to 0.85 D, which was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean difference in AL change at t = 6 months for the RLRL and SVS groups was 0.00 mm (95% CI: −0.10 to 0.10 mm) and 0.23 mm (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.32 mm) respectively. At t = 12 months mean difference in AL change for the RLRL and SVS groups was −0.01 mm (95% CI: −0.16 to 0.13 mm) and 0.35 mm (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.50 mm) respectively. The mean difference in SER change at t = 6 months for the RLRL and SVS groups was 0.18 D (95%CI: −0.03 to 0.39 D) and −0.48 D (95% CI: −0.69 to −0.27 D, respectively. At t = 12 months the mean difference in SER change for RLRL and SVS groups was 0.05 (95% CI −0.31 to 0.42 D), and −0.73 D (95% CI: −1.08 to −0.37 D), respectively. Conclusions: The results of the meta-analysis indicate that myopic children who received RLRL therapy in addition to standard myopia management demonstrated a slower progression of myopia compared to the control group. These findings suggest that RLRL therapy may be an effective novel adjunctive treatment for myopia controls.
Does Cranial Base Angle Make a Difference in the Effectiveness of Functional Orthopedic Treatment? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Öztürk Taner , Topsakal Uğur , Vahabova Gulsumkhanım , Yağcı Ahmet , Sheydayev Eldar
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The literature suggests that the cranial base angle is considered one of the contributing factors to sagittal jaw malpositions when its relationship with the viscerocranium is examined. Our study aims to compare and evaluate the outcomes of fixed functional orthopedic treatment in patients with mandibular retrognathia across different cranial base groups. Methods: Participants were treated at Erciyes University with fixed functional appliances and categorized by CBA into low (<130°), medium (130°–134°), and high (>134°) groups. A total of 39 patients were included: 13 in the low CBA group (7 males, 6 females; mean age 14.62 ± 1.12 years), 13 in the medium CBA group (3 males, 9 females; mean age 14.38 ± 0.96 years), and 13 in the high CBA group (4 males, 9 females; mean age 14.08 ± 1.04 years). Results: In the low CBA group, Ar-Go-N (p = 0.005) and SNA (p = 0.023) angles significantly decreased, while the ANB angle and Wits appraisal significantly decreased across all groups (p < 0.05). The high CBA group showed increases in ANS-Me, N-Me, N-ANS, and N-Gn lengths (p < 0.05). The medium and high CBA groups had significant increases in S-Go and ANS-Gn lengths, while Co-Gn length increased significantly in the low and high CBA groups (p < 0.05). Incisor measurements (IMPA, L1-APog, L1/NB, L1-NB) increased in all groups, with overjet and overbite reduced (p < 0.05). U1/PP (p = 0.039), U1/SN (p = 0.043), U1-NA (p = 0.030), and U1/NA (p = 0.025) parameters increased in the low CBA group, with the Upper Lip–E distance decreasing significantly in the low and high CBA groups (p < 0.05). A comparison between groups showed significant differences in U1/PP, U1-NA, and U1/NA parameters, which increased in the low and medium CBA groups but decreased in the high CBA group. Conclusions: CBA influences treatment outcomes. The low CBA group experienced decreases in Ar-Go-N and SNA angles, while the high CBA group showed increases in certain vertical facial dimensions. Incisor parameters rose in the low and medium CBA groups but decreased in the high CBA group, suggesting limited CBA effects on treatment results.
Wear Resistance of Light-Cure Resin Luting Cements for Ceramic Veneers
Authors: Oshika Miyuki , Kishimoto Takafumi , Horie Taku , Alhotan Abdulaziz , Irie Masao , Sule Veronica C. , Barkmeier Wayne W. , Tsujimoto Akimasa
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to compare the wear resistance of light-cure resin luting cements for veneers with that of other luting materials investigated in earlier studies. An Alabama wear-testing machine was used to measure the wear resistance of four recent light-cure resin luting cements for veneers (G-Cem Veneer; Panavia V5 LC; RelyX Veneer Cement; and Vario-link Esthetic LC). The volume loss ranged from 0.027 ± 0.003 to 0.119 ± 0.030 mm3, the mean facet depth from 56.053 ± 7.074 to 81.531 ± 7.712 µm, and the maximum facet depth from 100.439 ± 26.534 to 215.958 ± 27.320 µm. G-Cem Veneer showed significantly better (p < 0.05) wear resistance than the other materials tested. Representative SEM images were obtained which showed differences in form among the wear facets for the luting cements examined. Correlations were calculated between the three measurements for each material, and the pattern of correlations was also different for each material.
Chilean National Sports Talent Detection System: Influence of Biological Age, Sex, and Geographic Area
Authors: Guevara-Araya Ariel , Curripan-Henríquez Samuel , Aguilera-Julio Juan , Antinao-Soto Ana , Araneda Oscar F.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the methodology for selecting sports talent in the Chilean Promising Athletes Program (CPAP). Methods: The standing broad jump (SBJ), medicine ball chest throw (MBCT), thirty-meter running sprint (RS-30), Agility-T (T-test), and height were analyzed in 3060 schoolchildren from Chile, grouped by sex, age, geographical area (north, central and south) and maturity status at peak height velocity (PHV) in pre-, circa- and post-PHV. Results: Superior differences were found in boys for all age ranges in SBJ, RS-30, T-test, and MBCT (p < 0.05). Girls were taller than boys until the age of 12 years (p < 0.01) with a reversal of this trend after 13 years old (p < 0.001). In geographical grouping, higher scores in SBJ, RS-30, and T-test were found in the central zone for boys and girls (p < 0.05). In both sexes, higher scores for the northern zone in MBCT (p < 0.01) and height (p < 0.05) are observed. Among selected talents, when comparing post-PHV vs. pre-PHV the differences are superior in all tests for post-PHV in girls and for MBCT and height (p < 0.05) in boys. In circa-PHV vs. post-PHV in MBCT, T-test, and RS-30 only girls (p < 0.05) were superior in post-PHV. For pre-PHV vs. circa-PHV, RS-30, and height (p < 0.05), both sexes were superior in circa-PHV. There are differences between talents selected by physical tests and technical aspects (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results show variations in physical and anthropometric tests in schoolchildren by age, sex, geography, and maturity status that should be considered for talent selection.
Modified Center-Edge Angle in Children with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Gather Katharina S. , Sporer Fabian , Tsagkaris Christos , Götze Marco , Gantz Simone , Hagmann Sebastien , Dreher Thomas
Published: December 2024

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a prevalent developmental condition that necessitates early detection and treatment. Follow–up, as well as therapeutic decision-making in children younger than four years, is challenging because the center–edge (CE) angle of Wiberg is not reliable in this age group. The authors propose a modification of the CE angle (MCE) to achieve comparable reliability with the CE among children younger than four and set diagnostic thresholds for the diagnosis of DDH. 952 anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were retrospectively reviewed. The MCE is defined on X-ray pelvic overview images as the angle between the line connecting the epiphyseal joint center and the outer edge of the acetabulum, and perpendicular to the Hilgenreiner line. The MCE angle exhibited high sensitivity and specificity, as well as intrarater variability comparable to the CE among children younger and older than four years. The authors recommend cut-off values for the MCE angle; for children under four years old, the angle should be equal to or greater than 15 degrees; for those under eight years old, it should be equal to or greater than 20 degrees; and for those eight years old and older, it should be equal to or greater than 25 degrees. However, the MCE angle’s reliability diminishes around the age of nine due to the curvature of the growth plate, which complicates accurate measurement. This study showed that the MCE angle can be used adequately in children under four years and could be used as a progression parameter to diagnose DDH.
Benthic Mollusk Biodiversity Correlates with Polluted Sediment Conditions in a Shallow Subtropical Estuary
Authors: Stark Rachael H. , Johnson Kevin B.
Published: December 2024

To quantify the ecological impacts of organic sediments and environmental dredging, benthic mollusks were chosen as bioindicators of environmental change, measured as sediment organic content and associated parameters. Data on species richness, ecological diversity (which was measured as biodiversity), and abundances were collected alongside sediment and near-bottom water quality data before, during, and after environmental dredging. Organic sediment content was found to have an inverse logarithmic relationship with benthic mollusk biodiversity, species richness, and abundance. Post hoc analyses found that percent dissolved oxygen, which correlates with sediment organic content, was responsible for 29.31–34.12% of the benthic mollusk community variation. Sediments with lower organic content had higher biodiversity (organism densities up to 1 organism m−2), abundance (over 2.0 × 105 organisms m−2), and species richness (organism densities up to 4 organisms m−2). In comparison, sediments with higher organic content had low biodiversity (organism densities 0–1 organisms m−2), abundance (as low as 0 organisms m−2), and species richness (organism densities as low as 0 organisms m−2).
Straight-Line Trajectory Tracking Control of Unmanned Sailboat Based on NMPC Velocity and Heading Joint Control
Authors: Liu Kai , Yu Jiancheng , Zhao Wentao
Published: December 2024

This study proposes a trajectory tracking approach for unmanned sailboats that integrates velocity and heading control using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). Unlike conventional methods, which typically rely on separate control strategies for maximum velocity and heading, this study employs a joint control framework based on NMPC. This approach allows for constrained control, ensuring that the sailboat operates safely at the desired velocity, forming a foundation for trajectory tracking. The trajectory tracking strategy, built on the joint control of velocity and heading, is further categorized into upwind and non-upwind tracking based on the wind direction. For non-upwind tracking, the desired heading is determined using the Line-of-Sight (LOS) navigation method, while the desired velocity is calculated through a backstepping method grounded in the Lyapunov stability theorem. For upwind tracking, a zigzag strategy is introduced, using the maximum lateral error to switch headings and ensure that the sailboat remains close to the trajectory. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively control the velocity and heading and realize accurate trajectory tracking of the unmanned sailboat under different wind conditions. The average error of velocity and heading control is close to zero. During trajectory tracking, the maximum control error is less than 0.35%.
Task-Driven Computing Offloading and Resource Allocation Scheme for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships Under Cloud–Shore–Ship Collaboration Framework
Authors: Xiu Supu , Zhang Ying , Chen Hualong , Wen Yuanqiao , Xiao Changshi
Published: December 2024

Currently, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) have become one of the most attractive research areas in shipping and academic communities. Based on the ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship communication network, they can exploit diversified and distributed resources such as shore-based facilities and cloud computing centers to execute a variety of ship applications. Due to the increasing number of MASS and asymmetrical distribution of traffic flows, the transportation management must design an efficient cloud–shore–ship collaboration framework and smart resource allocation strategy to improve the performance of the traffic network and provide high-quality applications to the ships. Therefore, we design a cloud–shore–ship collaboration framework, which integrates ship networking and cloud/edge computing and design the respective task collaboration process. It can effectively support the collaborative interaction of distributed resources in the cloud, onshore, and onboard. Based on the global information of the framework, we propose an intelligent resource allocation method based on Q-learning by combining the relevance, QoS characteristics, and priority of ship tasks. Simulation experiments show that our proposed approach can effectively reduce task latency and system energy consumption while supporting the concurrency of scale tasks. Compared with other analogy methods, the proposed algorithm can reduce the task processing delay by at least 15.7% and the task processing energy consumption by 15.4%.
Structural Optimization of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT): A Multi-Variable Study for Enhanced Deflection and Fatigue Performance
Authors: Ali Sajid , Park Hongbae , Lee Daeyong
Published: December 2024

This study covers the structural optimization of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) that can operate reliably for long periods of time in marine environments, as well as simulation analysis to evaluate their fatigue and strain resistance. Due to the nature of the marine environment, strong wind speeds and constant wave loads are applied, and VAWTs are likely to suffer from fatigue build-up and deformation problems in the long term. In this study, detailed numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS software (2024 R2) to analyze the effects of different airfoil shapes, material choices, tip speed ratios (TSRs), and foundation types on the turbine’s stress distribution and fatigue resistance. The results showed that NACA 0030 airfoil, composite steel, and single-pile foundation performed best under TSR 1.8 conditions, with the potential to reduce strain by approximately 30% and fatigue damage by approximately 25% compared to conventional structures. With this optimized combination, it was found that maintenance costs could be significantly reduced while maintaining structural stability at sea. These results could make an important contribution to the economical and durable design of VAWTs in the future.
Quantitative Assessment of Oysters’ Multiple Nitrogen Removal Pathways in a Subtropical Bay
Authors: Liu Rongxin , Ji Qixing , Chen Zhengping , Zhang Heng
Published: December 2024

Oyster aquaculture helps mitigate coastal eutrophication by assimilating organic nitrogen for biomass and by denitrification in both the oyster digestive tract and sediment below. Efforts are needed in the quantitative assessment of oysters’ multiple nitrogen removal pathways at large-scale aquaculture sites, especially removal in oyster bodies, which has been much less quantified among these pathways. This study takes a subtropical estuary (Shenzhen Bay in South China) as a testbed to conduct laboratory rearing experiments and field investigation. The laboratory results show that an oyster individual of harvest size can remove 0.59 mg-N day−1 through denitrification within the body, which can be proportionally extrapolated to 4.6 kg-N km−2 day−1 in Shenzhen Bay. Assimilating field measurements into a “flux inventory model” yields the oyster-induced total nitrogen removal of Shenzhen Bay as 33.3 kg-N km−2 day−1, in which biomass harvest, denitrification in oysters, and sediment contributed 26%, 14%, and 60%, respectively. Additionally, the oyster’s filter-feeding lifestyle exports nitrogen from the water column to the sediment, which can contribute to ~3% of the daily nitrogen input into the bay. This study confirms the potential of oyster nitrogen removal, especially within the body, and provides a working framework for quantitative assessment of coastal nitrogen removal by the growing scale floating oyster aquaculture.
Economic Optimization of a Hybrid Power Plant with Nuclear, Solar, and Thermal Energy Conversion to Electricity
Authors: Papazis Stylianos A.
Published: December 2024

This research presents a new solution for optimizing the economics of energy produced by a hybrid power generation plant that converts nuclear, solar, and thermal energy into electricity while operating under load-following conditions. To achieve the benefits of cleaner electricity with minimal production costs, multi-criteria management decisions are applied. The investigation of a hybrid system combining nuclear, solar, and thermal energy generation demonstrates the impact of such technology on the optimal price of generated energy; the introduction of nuclear reactors in hybrid systems reduces the cost of electricity production compared to the equivalent cost of energy produced by solar systems and compared to fossil fuel thermal systems. This method can be applied to hybrid energy systems with nuclear, solar, and thermal power generation plants of various sizes and configurations, making it a useful tool for engineers, researchers, and managers in the energy sector.
The Need for Standardized Guidelines for the Use of Monocyte Distribution Width (MDW) in the Early Diagnosis of Sepsis
Authors: Piccioni Andrea , Spagnuolo Fabio , Baroni Silvia , Savioli Gabriele , Valletta Federico , Bungaro Maria Chiara , Tullo Gianluca , Candelli Marcello , Gasbarrini Antonio , Franceschi Francesco
Published: December 2024

Sepsis is a complex and potentially life-threatening syndrome characterized by an abnormal immune response to an infection, which can lead to organ dysfunction, septic shock, and death. Early diagnosis is crucial to improving prognosis and reducing hospital management costs. This narrative review aims to summarize and evaluate the current literature on the role of monocyte distribution width (MDW) as a diagnostic biomarker for sepsis, highlighting its advantages, limitations, and potential clinical applications. MDW measures the volumetric distribution width of monocytes, reflecting monocytic anisocytosis, and is detected using advanced hematological analyzers. In 2019, it was approved by the FDA as a biomarker for sepsis due to its ability to identify systemic inflammatory response at an early stage. Thirty-one studies analyzed by us have shown that an increased MDW value is associated with a higher risk of sepsis and that its combination with clinical parameters (such as qSOFA) and other biomarkers (CRP, PCT) can enhance diagnostic sensitivity and risk stratification capacity. Despite its high sensitivity, MDW has lower specificity compared to more established biomarkers such as procalcitonin, thus requiring a multimodal integration for an accurate diagnosis. The use of MDW in emergency and intensive care settings represents an opportunity to improve early sepsis diagnosis and critical patient management, particularly when combined with other markers and clinical tools. However, further studies are needed to define a universal cut-off and confirm its validity in different clinical contexts and pathological scenarios.
Postoperative Biochemical Outcomes in Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: Results from a High-Adherence Cohort
Authors: Sofia Maria , Agosta Marcello , D’Amato Sara , Conti Giuseppe Nicolò , Mazzone Chiara , Faletra Gloria , La Greca Gaetano , Latteri Saverio
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: In metabolic bariatric surgery, structured follow-up protocols may play an essential role in achieving optimal patient outcomes. This study aims to report postoperative biochemical outcomes in a cohort of post-bariatric patients who underwent a structured follow-up protocol. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent metabolic bariatric surgery and completed a one-year follow-up at Cannizaro Hospital from October 2022 to May 2024. Anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data were collected for each patient at five different timepoints: baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-surgery. All data were organized into a database and analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: The study cohort (n = 80) showed a follow-up adherence equal to 97.5%. The mean value of BMI decreased from 42 to 27 one year after surgery. Lipid profiles improved, with significant reduction in total cholesterol and triglycerides and increase in HDL levels; LDL levels decreased initially but at one year returned to baseline. Thyroid hormones TSH and fT3 decreased significantly, while fT4 remained stable. A reduction in hepatic inflammation was observed, as evidenced by the decrease in GGT and transaminase levels. Pancreatic enzymes showed an initial increase but stabilized at the subsequent timepoints. Glycemic control improved, with statistically significant reductions in insulin, HbA1c, and glucose levels, and complete remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in affected patients. Conclusions: This study shows significant weight loss and improved health outcomes in post-bariatric patients who underwent a structured follow-up protocol, suggesting the potential benefits of metabolic bariatric surgery.
Effect of Audit Committee on Tax Aggressiveness: French Evidence
Authors: Alqatan Ahmad , Chemingui Safa , Arslan Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effect of audit committee characteristics on the level of tax aggressiveness. Drawing on a sample of 72 French listed firms from the SBF120 index for the period from 2015 to 2022, this study measures the level of tax aggressiveness through the effective tax rate (cash ETR). The descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, variance inflation factor (VIF), and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) regression were used for analysis of panel data. The findings reveal that measures of the independence of the audit committee, expertise of the audit committee, and audit committee size are significantly linked to tax aggressiveness. The findings also highlighted that the frequency of audit committee meetings is weakly linked to tax aggressiveness. The effectiveness of audit committee members can send a strong signal to the tax authorities, the shareholders, regulators, and the investors who are concerned about the risk of tax aggressiveness. This study contributes to the existing literature aimed at exploring the effect of audit committee characteristics on tax aggressiveness in a French context. This study has several implications for regulators, policymakers, and academia. It helps the policymakers and regulators in policy reforms who aim at combating aggressive tax practices in France, which is one of the primary objectives within the European Union (EU) framework.
Dynamic Simulation of the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Windbreak and Sand Fixation Service in the Wuding River Basin
Authors: Xiong Xuanchen , Zhou Zixiang , Wang Xiaofeng , Li Jing
Published: December 2024

Wind erosion can cause land degradation and other harmful effects. Examining the ecosystem windbreak and sand fixation service (WSFS) from the perspectives of supply and demand plays a crucial role in the continuous regulation of regional wind erosion. Through the enhancement of the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) model, integrated with uncertainty analysis, scenario simulation, and environmental factors calculation, the dynamic simulation of the supply of ecosystem windbreak and sand fixation service (WSFSS) and the demand of ecosystem windbreak and sand fixation service (WSFSD) in the Wuding River Basin in China was achieved, and specifically, a simulation framework for WSFSD and WSFSS was constructed. The results show that: (1) the uncertainty analysis can calculate the upper and lower limits of the range of parameter x (downwind distance) in the RWEQ model, and changes in the parameter x can make the simulation results of WSFSS and WSFSD more reasonable; (2) In the past 20 years, the WSFSS has shown a spatial distribution pattern of high in the northwest and low in the southeast. In terms of time, the annual WSFSS has shown a fluctuating growth trend with a growth rate of 8.06 t/a. The monthly WSFSS has shown a rising-fluctuating-declining trend; (3) The rationality of WSFSD was indirectly verified through the setting of scenario simulation. In terms of time, across the 252 months under study (January 2000–December 2020), 85% of the months witnessed WSFSD within the range of 1.0–1.4 kg/m2 in the Wuding River Basin. At the same time, the WSFSD also presented seasonal variation patterns. The WSFSD was relatively high in spring (March–May) and relatively low in summer (July–September) each year.
Rapid Landslide Detection Following an Extreme Rainfall Event Using Remote Sensing Indices, Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery, and Probabilistic Methods
Authors: Chrysafi Aikaterini-Alexandra , Tsangaratos Paraskevas , Ilia Ioanna , Chen Wei
Published: December 2024

The rapid detection of landslide phenomena that may be triggered by extreme rainfall events is a critical point concerning timely response and the implementation of mitigation measures. The main goal of the present study is to identify susceptible areas by estimating changes in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), Bare Soil Index (BSI), and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) amplitude ratio before and after extreme rainfall events. The developed methodology was utilized in a case study of Storm Daniel, which struck central Greece in September 2023, with a focus on the Mount Pelion region on the Pelion Peninsula. Using Google Earth Engine, we processed satellite imagery to calculate these indices, enabling the assessment of vegetation health, soil moisture, and exposed soil areas, which are key indicators of landslide activity. The methodology integrates these indices with a Weight of Evidence (WofE) model, previously developed to identify regions of high and very high landslide susceptibility based on morphological parameters like slope, aspect, plan and profile curvature, and stream power index. Pre- and post-event imagery was analyzed to detect changes in the indices, and the results were then masked to focus only on high and very high susceptibility areas characterized by the WofE model. The outcomes of the study indicate significant changes in NDVI, NDMI, BSI values, and SAR amplitude ratio within the masked areas, suggesting locations where landslides were likely to have occurred due to the extreme rainfall event. This rapid detection technique provides essential data for emergency services and disaster management teams, enabling them to prioritize areas for immediate response and recovery efforts.
How to Coordinate Urban Ecological Networks and Street Green Space Construction? Insights from a Multi-Scale Perspective
Authors: Hou Shujun , Yu Ying , Jung Taeyeol , Han Xin
Published: December 2024

Rapid socio-economic development and imbalanced ecosystem conservation have heightened the risk of species extinction, reduced urban climate adaptability, and threatened human health and well-being. Constructing ecological green space networks is an effective strategy for maintaining urban ecological security. However, most studies have primarily addressed biodiversity needs, with limited focus on coordinating street spaces in human settlement planning. This study examines the area within Chengdu’s Third Ring Road, employing the following methodologies: (1) constructing the regional ecological network using Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model, and circuit theory; (2) analyzing the street green view index (GVI) through machine learning semantic segmentation techniques; and (3) identifying key areas for the coordinated development of urban ecological networks and street green spaces using bivariate spatial correlation analysis. The results showed that (1) Chengdu’s Third Ring Road exhibits high ecological landscape fragmentation, with 41 key ecological sources and 94 corridors identified. Ecological pinch points were located near urban rivers and surrounding woodlands, while ecological barrier points were concentrated in areas with dense buildings and complex transportation networks. (2) Higher street GVI values were observed around university campuses, urban parks, and river-adjacent streets, while lower GVI values were found near commercial areas and transportation hubs. (3) To coordinate the construction of ecological networks and street green spaces, the central area of the First Ring Road and the northwestern region of the Second and Third Ring Roads were identified as priority restoration areas, while the northern, western, and southeastern areas of the Second and Third Ring Roads were designated as priority protection areas. This study adopts a multi-scale spatial perspective to identify priority areas for protection and restoration, aiming to coordinate the construction of urban ecological networks and street green spaces and provide new insights for advancing ecological civilization in high-density urban areas.
Effects of a Multifunctional Cover Crop (LivinGro®) on Soil Quality Indicators in Zaragoza, Spain
Authors: González-Pérez Javier , Sillero-Medina José Antonio , Hueso-González Paloma , Ruiz-Sinoga José Damián , Peris-Felipo Francisco Javier , Gayán-Quijano Ana Lia
Published: December 2024

Soil degradation is a significant threat to agricultural systems and contemporary societies worldwide, especially in the context of climate change. Proper management of agricultural systems is a priority for maintaining food security and achieving sustainable development. It is therefore important to assess the efficacy of different interventions that are designed to improve the quality of agricultural soils. Measurements of physical, chemical, and biological indicators of soil quality can be used to examine the efficacy of strategies or methods that were designed to prevent soil degradation. We measured seven physicochemical indicators of soil quality at a representative experimental plot of nectarines in the province of Zaragoza (Spain) over three years (2020–2023) and compared the effect of a multifunctional cover crop (LivinGro® MCC, Basel, Switzerland) with conventional treatment (control) on soil quality. Soil samples were collected every two months from the treelines and inter-rows (paths for farming vehicles). In general, the MCC zones in the treelines and inter-rows had better soil health, especially in key indicators such as basal soil respiration, organic matter, nitrogen, and porosity. Climatic variability, especially seasonal differences in rainfall, also affected multiple soil indicators. During many sample periods, the MCC zones of the treelines and inter-rows had significantly increased soil organic matter, basal respiration, total nitrogen, nitrate, total porosity, and available water content, but the MCC and control zones had no significant differences in bulk density. The differences between the MCC zones and control zones, especially in basal soil respiration, were greater during the wet seasons. Our results indicate that the LivinGro® MCC prevented degradation of agricultural soils in a region with a continental Mediterranean climate.
Enhanced Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in Western Sichuan Utilizing DCGAN-Generated Samples
Authors: Tong Yuanxin , Luo Hongxia , Qin Zili , Xia Hua , Zhou Xinyao
Published: December 2024

The scarcity of landslide samples poses a critical challenge, impeding the broad application of machine learning techniques in landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA). To address this issue, this study introduces a novel approach leveraging a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) for data augmentation aimed at enhancing the efficacy of various machine learning methods in LSA, including support vector machines (SVMs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and residual neural networks (ResNets). Experimental results present substantial enhancements across all three models, with accuracy improved by 2.18%, 2.57%, and 5.28%, respectively. In-depth validation based on large landslide image data demonstrates the superiority of the DCGAN-ResNet, achieving a remarkable landslide prediction accuracy of 91.31%. Consequently, the generation of supplementary samples via the DCGAN is an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of machine learning models in LSA, underscoring the promise of this methodology in advancing early landslide warning systems in western Sichuan.
Introduction: Balkan Romance Within the Balkan Sprachbund
Authors: Hill Virginia , Ledgeway Adam
Published: December 2024

This article provides a short introduction to Balkan Romance, examining and exemplifying a number of its principal features. In particular, the discussion begins in §2 with a review of the main morphosyntactic features of the four principal sub-branches of Old Romanian spoken today within the Balkan Sprachbund (Daco-Romanian, Aromanian, Istro-Romanian, and Megleno-Aromanian), tracing the treatment of such Balkanisms both in the traditional philological literature (§3) and their more recent formalization and expansion in the theoretical literature dedicated to the Balkan Sprachbund (§4). This is followed in §5 by a discussion of some of the dialects spoken in southern Italy and their key morphosyntactic features. These varieties, although not situated in the Balkan Sprachbund proper, have nonetheless either developed under contact with Balkan languages, as in the case of the Romance dialects of the extreme south of Italy which have been in centuries-long contact with Greek (§5.1), or, in the case of Italo-Albanian, have evolved under contact with local Italo-Romance varieties (§5.2). The discussion concludes in §6 with an overview of the principal issues discussed in each of the contributions.
Friction Properties of Alumina–Silicon Carbide–Silver–Graphene Nanoplatelet Self-Lubricating Composite Prepared by SPS Technique
Authors: Puchý Viktor , Andrejovská Jana , Sedlák Richard , Džunda Róbert , Kromka František , Petryshynets Ivan , Podobová Mária , Falat Ladislav
Published: December 2024

Al2O3 with SiC, silver, and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) powder mixture was produced by ball milling using ethanol as dispersion media. The GNP-reinforced Al2O3-SiC-Ag ceramic–metal composites were densified by spark plasma sintering technology (SPS). A homogeneous dispersion of GNPs in Al2O3-SiC-Ag was observed from the sintered samples, and the GNPs were embedded between the grains, which resulted in increasing the contact area. The trans-granular mechanism of crack propagation becomes increasingly dominant by adding GNPs. The hardness reaches 27 GPa, as tested by the Vickers microhardness method, which reflects an increase of 11% compared to Ag-GNPs-free Al2O3-SiC. On the other hand, by adding Ag-GNP content, the improvement in density is limited. Wear mechanisms, as determined through ball-on-flat testing, including adhesion, abrasion, and microcracks, are observed and discussed. The composite demonstrated remarkable self-lubricating properties, exhibiting a lower coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate in an air environment compared to monolithic Al₂O₃-SiC. This improvement is attributed to the formation of a self-lubricating film, enabled by the uniform distribution of Ag and GNPs within the Al₂O₃-SiC matrix. The findings of this study propose a novel material design approach for developing self-lubricating ceramic composites with hybrid solid lubricants.
Octahedral Oxo-Bridged Tri-Nickel(II) Complex with 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-diazapenta-1,3-diene
Authors: Bazanov Daniil R. , Korolyov Egor D. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Lozinskaya Natalia A.
Published: December 2024

An octahedral nickel(II) complex of 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-diazapenta-1,3-diene was obtained and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The organic ligand was obtained by the reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with aqueous ammonia solution.
A Study on the Bending Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Tunnel Segments with Added Steel Fibers
Authors: Zhang Fan , De Corte Wouter , Taerwe Luc , Cao Weibiao , Liu Xian
Published: December 2024

In recent years, steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) has been increasingly applied in shield tunnel engineering. However, most research on SFRC segments focuses on the load-bearing capacity, while the tunnel deformation is an equally critical indicator that decides if the tunnel can operate safely during service conditions. Therefore, it is essential to also study the stiffness variations in SFRC segments, which is closely connected to the serviceability limit state (SLS). To investigate the influence of SFRC on segment stiffness, full-scale four-point bending tests and analytical calculations are carried out on both traditional reinforced concrete (RC) segments and SFRC segments with rebars. A C55 plain concrete is used in the RC segment, and for SFRC, 30 kg/m3 steel fibers are added. The segment stiffnesses are calculated and analyzed, and compared between test and analytical results. This study shows that the addition of steel fibers to traditional reinforced concrete segments can enhance the bending stiffness. This effect becomes apparent only after the segments crack. Initially, the effect is strong but then becomes weaker, with increasing load. The added 30 kg/m3 steel fibers generate a maximum of 33% in stiffness increment for a segment with 2.1% reinforcement. Further analysis indicates that the transfer of stresses in the cracked SFRC results in a stiffness improvement, but after cracking, the contribution of the reinforcement to the flexural resistance increases while the contribution of the SFRC gradually decreases. Thus, the effect is weak at high load levels. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the effect of SFRC on the stiffness of segments, as relevant for SLS requirements.
Microstructural Characteristics of Cellulosic Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite
Authors: Han Jae-Yoon , Choi Young-Cheol
Published: December 2024

The microstructural evolution and hydration behaviors of cement composites incorporating three natural fibers (abaca, hemp, and jute) were investigated in this study. Mercury intrusion porosimetry was used to assess the microstructural changes, focusing on the pore-size distribution and total porosity. Additionally, the hydration characteristics were analyzed using setting time measurements and isothermal calorimetry to track the heat flow and reaction kinetics during cement hydration. Although the fibers tended to delay the initial stages of cement hydration, their internal curing effect ultimately led to a higher long-term compressive strength and a denser microstructure. Consequently, the use of these natural fibers in cement composites can enhance their durability and promote sustainable construction materials.
Tribomechanical Properties of Glazes for Ceramic Tiles: A Novel Protocol for Their Characterization
Authors: Fabris Riccardo , Masi Giulia , Mazzini Denia , Sanseverino Leonardo , Bignozzi Maria Chiara
Published: December 2024

The aim of the work is to design and validate a characterization protocol for glazes used in the ceramic tile industry to lead manufacturers and researchers towards the formulation of glazes with enhanced wear resistance properties. The focus of the protocol is addressed to determine surface parameters that strongly depend on glaze formulation and firing temperature. This protocol includes analytical (e.g., thermal analysis, Vickers microhardness, microstructural investigation, etc.) and technological tests (i.e., impact resistance and surface abrasion resistance test), the latter carried out on ceramic tile samples where four different glazes have been applied. The characterization protocol set in this paper highlights the importance of using both analytical and technological tests for glaze investigations and provides threshold values for specific parameters useful in developing glass-ceramic glazes with enhanced mechanical and tribological properties.