bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived corporate social responsibility and knowledge sharing: mediating roles of employees’ eudaimonic and hedonic well-being
Authors: Chtioui Rachèd , Berraies Sarra , Dhaou Amal
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to develop a series of hypotheses that are tested based on a survey design methodology. Data collected from 281 knowledge workers operating in mid-level positions within knowledge-intensive firms (KIFs) operating in the information and communication technology (ICT) Tunisian sector was analysed through the partial-least square-structural equation modelling (method.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the social identity and the social exchange theories, this study aims to examine the link between perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and knowledge sharing (KS) and the mediating effects of eudaimonic well-being (EWB) and hedonic well-being in this relationship.

Findings

Results indicate that perceived CSR among employees exerts a positive direct impact on KS, EWB and hedonic well-being. These two types of well-being are found to be key factors improving the willingness of employees to share their knowledge within the organization. Findings also revealed that EWB partially mediates the link between perceived CSR and KS.

Originality/value

This research pioneers the investigation of the mediating effects of eudaimonic and hedonic well-being between perceived CSR and KS that have never been examined. The results of this study provide practical insights for managers of KIFs regarding the CSR practices that may have a strong influence on employees’ hedonic and EWB and KS behaviour.
Early reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocations in a ski field setting
Authors: Fraser Calum , Pellatt Richard , Shirran Mark , McKay Glenn , Smith Michael
Published: March 2022

Objective

The present study describes the management of suspected shoulder dislocations in ski field clinics.

Methods

Data were collected from two clinics in Queenstown, New Zealand. Suspected anterior shoulder dislocations, with no suspicion of significant fractures and without imaging, underwent attempted reduction.

Results

Ninety percent (n = 49) of dislocations were successfully relocated. No short‐term complications because of this procedure were observed.

Conclusion

This short report raises the possibility that early anterior shoulder reduction in a ski field clinic can be safe without imaging, in select cases. Prospective studies including patient centred data are recommended.
Controlling International Institutions: How the US Engineered UNSC Non‐permanent Members in the Early Cold War
Authors: Balci Ali
Published: March 2022

How did the US shape the composition of the UN Security Council during the early Cold War period? By focusing on the election of non‐permanent members to Council seats, this paper investigates what role the US played in the nomination and election of candidate countries. In doing so, the study relies heavily on US diplomatic archives since those archival materials are rich in terms of voting preferences of UN members, negotiations between the US and its allies, and Washington's intensive lobbying for candidates. Investigating contested elections from 1946 to 1964, we find that although the US had an extensive influence on determining Council's non‐permanent members, its power to influence election outcomes dramatically weakened from the late 1950s onwards. This finding has important implications for the recent literature on the UN Security Council.
Metformin in nucleus accumbens core reduces cue‐induced cocaine seeking in male and female rats
Authors: Chan Amy , Willard Alexis , Mulloy Sarah , Ibrahim Noor , Sciaccotta Allegra , Schonfeld Mark , Spencer Sade M.
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the potential therapeutic effects of the FDA‐approved drug metformin on cue‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Metformin (dimethyl‐biguanide) is a first‐line treatment for type II diabetes that, among other mechanisms, is involved in the activation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK). Cocaine self‐administration and extinction is associated with decreased levels of phosphorylated AMPK within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). Previously, it was shown that increasing AMPK activity in the NAcore decreased cue‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Decreasing AMPK activity produced the opposite effect. The goal of the present study was to determine if metformin in the NAcore reduces cue‐induced cocaine seeking in adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were trained to self‐administer cocaine followed by extinction prior to cue‐induced reinstatement trials. Metformin microinjected in the NAcore attenuated cue‐induced reinstatement in male and female rats. Importantly, metformin's effects on cocaine seeking were not due to a general depression of spontaneous locomotor activity. In female rats, metformin's effects did generalize to a reduction in cue‐induced reinstatement of sucrose seeking. These data support a potential role for metformin as a pharmacotherapy for cocaine use disorder but warrant caution given the potential for metformin's effects to generalize to a natural reward in female rats.
Cardiac rehabilitation in rural and remote areas of North Queensland: How well are we doing?
Authors: Field Patricia , Franklin Richard C. , Barker Ruth , Ring Ian , Leggat Peter A
Published: March 2022

Objective

To address access to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for people in R&R areas, this research aimed to investigate: (1) post discharge systems and support for people returning home from hospital following treatment for heart disease (HD). (2) propose changes to improve access to CR in R&R areas of NQ.

Setting

Four focus communities in R&R areas of NQ.

Participants

Focus communities’ health staff (resident/visiting) (57), community leaders (10) and community residents (44), discharged from hospital in past 5 years following treatment for heart disease (purposeful sampling).

Design

A qualitative descriptive case study, with data collection via semi‐structured interviews. Inductive/deductive thematic analysis was used to identify primary and secondary themes. Health service audit of selected communities.

Results

Health services in the focus communities included multipurpose health services, and primary health care centres staffed by resident and visiting staff that included nurses, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Workers, medical officers, and allied health professionals. Post‐discharge health care for people with HD was predominantly clinical. Barriers to CR included low referrals to community‐based health professions by discharging hospitals; poorly defined referral pathways; lack of guidelines; inadequate understanding of holistic, multidisciplinary CR by health staff, community participants and leaders; limited centre‐based CR services; lack of awareness, or acceptance of telephone support services.

Conclusion

To address barriers identified for CR in R&R areas, health care systems’ revision, including development of referral pathways to local health professionals, CR guidelines and in‐service education, is required to developing a model of care that focuses on self‐management and education: Heart: Road to Health.
Association between caesarean birth and childhood cancer: An age‐lagged approach
Authors: Marcoux Sophie , Soullane Safiya , Lee Ga Eun , Auger Nathalie
Published: March 2022

Aim

We assessed the association between caesarean birth and age‐specific risks of childhood cancer.

Methods

We followed a cohort of 1 034 049 children between 2006 and 2020 in Quebec, Canada, from birth until age 14 years. The exposure was caesarean, operative vaginal, or spontaneous vaginal birth. The outcome included haematopoietic or solid tumours. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between mode of delivery and childhood cancer in age‐lagged analyses, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 249 415 (24.1%) children were born by caesarean and 97 411 (9.4%) by operative vaginal delivery. Compared with spontaneous vaginal birth, caesarean was associated with 1.16 times the risk of any cancer (95% CI 1.04–1.30), 1.12 times the risk of haematopoietic cancer (95% CI 0.92–1.36) and 1.21 times the risk of solid tumours (95% 1.06–1.39). Associations strengthened at 2 years of age and were greatest for lymphoma and sarcoma. Operative vaginal birth was not significantly associated with the risk of cancer.

Conclusion

Caesarean birth may be associated with selected childhood cancers, including lymphoma and sarcoma early in childhood. The underlying reasons for the associations require further investigation, including whether mucosal dysbiosis or labour hormone exposure explain the excess risk.
Honokiol ameliorates cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury via inhibition of mitochondrial fission
Authors: Mao Rui‐wen , He Shan‐ping , Lan Jun‐gang , Zhu Wu‐zheng
Published: March 2022

Background and Purpose

Mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress are crucial contributors to the tubular cell injury and death in acute kidney injury. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria protection and halting the progression of acute kidney injury are urgently needed. Honokiol is a small‐molecule polyphenol that exhibits extraordinary cytoprotective effects, such as anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative. Thus, we investigated whether honokiol could ameliorate cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury via preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.

Experimental Approach

Acute kidney injury was induced by cisplatin administration. Biochemical and histological analysis were used to determine kidney injury. The effect of honokiol on mitochondrial function and morphology were determined using immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, immunoblot and immunofluorescence. To investigate the mechanism by which honokiol alters mitochondrial dynamics, remodelling and resistance to apoptosis, we used transfection experiments, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry assay.

Key Results

We demonstrated that the prominent mitochondrial fragmentation occurred in experimental models of cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity, which was coupled to radical oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, deterioration of mitochondrial function, release of apoptogenic factors and the consequent apoptosis. Honokiol treatment caused notable reno‐protection and attenuated of these cisplatin‐induced changes. Mechanistically, honokiol treatment recovered the expression of SIRT3 and improved AMPK activity in tubular cells exposure to cisplatin, which preserved the Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637 and blocked its translocation in mitochondria, consequently preventing mitochondrial fragmentation and subsequent cell injury and death.

Conclusion and Implications

Our results indicate that honokiol may protect against cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury by preserving mitochondrial integrity and function by SIRT3/AMPK‐dependent mitochondrial dynamics remodelling.
Distribution and geological controls of the seabed fluid flow system, the central‐western Bohai Sea: A general overview
Authors: Duan Minliang , Tong Siyou , Chen Jiangxin , Azevedo Leonardo , Li Rihui , Song Haibin , Liang Jie , Xu Huaning , Yang Rui , Liu Bin
Published: March 2022

Thorough understanding of seabed fluid flow system is of great significance to geohazard identification and hydrocarbon exploration as it can reshape the seabed and act as an indicator of subsurface hydrocarbon resources. For the first time, an integrated study of side‐scan sonar, single‐ and multi‐channel seismic data and magnetic data reveals a complex fluid flow system composed of various seafloor expressions (i.e. pockmarks and mounds) and shallow fluid migration pathways in the central‐west Bohai Sea off northeast China. Gas chimneys, mud diapirs and a dense network of Quaternary faults are the main fluid migration pathways in the shallow subsurface. The gas chimneys can be classified into three categories (Type A formed by relatively rapid gas escape, Type B formed by episodic fluid expulsion and Type C formed by fluid escape from mud diapirs), based on their distribution and seismic character, implying variability in the formation processes. Sediment remobilization and basement‐involved faults contribute to deep fluid migration into shallow depths. As a seal for up‐moving fluids, the nature and thickness of Holocene marine sediments generally decide the permeability and overburden pressure that may control the distribution of pockmarks and mounds since they are almost distributed above relatively thin Holocene deposits (thickness <20 m) and localized coarse surface sediments. The results of the interpretation gain an improved understanding of the geological processes controlling the genesis and spatial distribution of gas chimney formation and show the significance of gas chimney classification. The distribution pattern of different types of gas chimneys may signify the difference of geological background and fluid flow process, like fluid migration through faults or flow of mobilized sediments, that is crucial for the evaluation of global petroleum systems and Carbon Capture and Storage studies.
Job Creation in Colombia Versus the USA: ‘Up‐or‐out Dynamics’ Meet ‘The Life Cycle of Plants’
Authors: Eslava Marcela , Haltiwanger John , Pinzón Álvaro
Published: March 2022

One of the most striking contrasts between the anatomies of the business sectors in higher‐ versus lower‐income economies is the overwhelming dominance of very small production units in the latter. Contrasting manufacturing sector data for Colombia and the USA, we show that weaker ‘up‐or‐out’ dynamics are behind this pattern and behind weaker average lifecycle growth. Dampened growth dynamics, not only in terms of upward mobility but also for exit and downward mobility, characterize both micro‐establishments and young establishments in Colombia relative to their US counterparts. These patterns lead to a more dominant role of small older businesses in accounting for employment. Since dynamic selection among startups is a crucial driver of productivity growth in the USA, our findings point to a shortage of high‐growth entrepreneurship and a relative high likelihood of long‐run survival for small, likely unproductive plants, as two key elements at the heart of the development problem. We also show that analysis of establishment lifecycle dynamics based solely on cross‐sectional data substantially underestimates lifecycle growth.
The importance of high performing team members in complex team work: Results from quasi‐experiments in professional team sports
Authors: Wegelin Philipp , Orlowski Johannes , Dietl Helmut M.
Published: March 2022

This paper empirically assesses peer effects of high performing team members in reciprocally interdependent team production. Using data from the National Basketball Association (NBA), we identify peer effects by exploiting unforeseen in‐game injuries of high performing players. Results indicate that without a high performing player, other team members maintain efficiency and the division of tasks among each other. However, they slightly increase risk taking and decrease their individual output, resulting in an inferior overall outcome. These effects depend on whether a high performing player has a team‐oriented or a self‐oriented role in the team. Additionally, we observe that relatively skilled players try to step in for the absent high performing player.
A new estimate of Chinese male occupational structure during 1734–1898 by sector, sub‐sector pattern, and region
Authors: Yang Cheng
Published: March 2022

Based on the Xingke Tiben, this paper assesses the long‐run economic development of China, by constructing a new estimate of male occupational structure during 1734–1898 by sector, sub‐sector pattern, and region. After assessing the source's biases, using this new empirical basis, this paper demonstrates that the national male occupational structure was nearly identical in 1761–70, 1821–30, and 1881–90, suggesting a long‐lasting structural stasis of the national economy, allowing for fluctuations between benchmark dates. Within agriculture, substantial regional differences in labour organisation are revealed. Three distinct models are found: the Northern Regions model features a high usage of wage labour, the Yangtze Valley model presents a high level of tenancy development, and the Southern Regions model displays the highest share of landowners. All three models saw increasing use of wage labour in 1761–1890 and shrinking landownership in 1821–90. At the regional level, the long‐run estimate for Lower Yangtze suggests that the region as a whole stagnated throughout the entire period, but the overall structural stasis hides dynamic, contrasting long‐run economic change between the region's core and peripheral areas. Comparative analysis with England further suggests that the timing of the Great Divergence between China and England took place before 1734, even in the context of the regional difference.
A pharmacogenomic assessment of psychiatric adverse drug reactions to levetiracetam
Authors: Campbell Ciarán , McCormack Mark , Patel Sonn , Stapleton Caragh , Bobbili Dheeraj , Krause Roland , Depondt Chantal , Sills Graeme J. , Koeleman Bobby P. , Striano Pasquale , Zara Federico , Sander Josemir W. , Lerche Holger , Kunz Wolfram S. , Stefansson Kari , Stefansson Hreinn , Doherty Colin P. , Heinzen Erin L. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Goldstein David B. , O'Brien Terence , Cotter David , Berkovic Samuel F. ,   The EpiPGX Consortium, Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Delanty Norman , Cavalleri Gianpiero L.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Levetiracetam (LEV) is an effective antiseizure medicine, but 10%–20% of people treated with LEV report psychiatric side‐effects, and up to 1% may have psychotic episodes. Pharmacogenomic predictors of these adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have yet to be identified. We sought to determine the contribution of both common and rare genetic variation to psychiatric and behavioral ADRs associated with LEV.

Methods

This case‐control study compared cases of LEV‐associated behavioral disorder (n = 149) or psychotic reaction (n = 37) to LEV‐exposed people with no history of psychiatric ADRs (n = 920). All samples were of European ancestry. We performed genome‐wide association study (GWAS) analysis comparing those with LEV ADRs to controls. We estimated the polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia and compared cases with LEV‐associated psychotic reaction to controls. Rare variant burden analysis was performed using exome sequence data of cases with psychotic reactions (n = 18) and controls (n = 122).

Results

Univariate GWAS found no significant associations with either LEV‐associated behavioural disorder or LEV‐psychotic reaction. PRS analysis showed that cases of LEV‐associated psychotic reaction had an increased PRS for schizophrenia relative to contr ols (p = .0097, estimate = .4886). The rare‐variant analysis found no evidence of an increased burden of rare genetic variants in people who had experienced LEV‐associated psychotic reaction relative to controls.

Significance

The polygenic burden for schizophrenia is a risk factor for LEV‐associated psychotic reaction. To assess the clinical utility of PRS as a predictor, it should be tested in an independent and ideally prospective cohort. Larger sample sizes are required for the identification of significant univariate common genetic signals or rare genetic signals associated with psychiatric LEV ADRs.
The SedUROscopy Project: Sedation conducted by nurses supervised by the anaesthetist at a Lithotripsy and Endourology Unit in Spain
Authors: Arguedas Pilar , Cabello Teresa , Escuder Maite , Muñoz Maria Angeles , Orozco Luisa , Sales Elvira
Published: March 2022

The increased demand for simple, yet invasive and sometimes painful urological procedures in our unit, coupled with a relative lack of anaesthetists, prompted the search for appropriate safe alternatives to current practice, so to enable efficient, satisfactory, and safe interventions for patients. In response to this need, the Four‐Phase SedUROscopy Project has been developed, a plan in which identified Urology nurses take on a more active role in the anaesthetic procedure at the Lithotripsy and Endourology Unit. The aim of the project is to establish a specific care model that ensures the safety and satisfaction of patients undergoing minor endourological procedures, whilst also optimizing resources and empowering nurses and their practice. The SedUROscopy Project started with the training of five nurses (Phase 1: Theory). Subsequently, one of the nurses then began her practical course (Phase 2: up to 200 sedations). She carried out 90 sedations in patients in preparation for minor procedures. Remifentanil and Propofol were administrated using Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) pumps. The initial target plasma propofol concentration was 2 μg/ml, and the remifentanil one was 1 μg/ml. Doses were adjusted to achieve the right sedation. ECG, pulse oximetry, non‐invasive blood pressure and end‐tidal CO2 were monitored. Up to 10 different procedures were carried out. There were 37 oxygen desaturation events (41%), however they were solved with chin lift manoeuvres and mandibular subluxation (8.88%), use of Guedel tube (21.1%) and manual ventilation (11.1%). The intervention of the anaesthetist was not required in any of the cases, and all the patients involved in the sample were discharged the same day, free of any anaesthetic problem at all (100%). As the surveys indicated, the levels of satisfaction expressed by both patient and staff performing the technique were high (98%). The sedation performed by trained urology nurses using TCI has resulted in a provision of safe and effective procedures. Likewise, the patients' satisfaction was ensured. In conclusion, this model represents an optimal use of resources: not only because just a single anaesthetist could supervise two operation theatres, but also nurses could control the patients pain due to their knowledge of endourological procedures and the sedation technique.
A molecular link between autophagy and circadian rhythm in plants
Authors: Chen Weijun , Hu Zhaotun , Yu MengTing , Zhu Sirui , Xing Junjie , Song Limei , Pu Wenxuan , Yu Feng
Published: March 2022

Extremely high or low autophagy levels disrupt plant survival under nutrient starvation. Recently, autophagy has been reported to display rhythms in animals. However, the mechanism of circadian regulation of autophagy is still unclear. Here, we observed that autophagy has a robust rhythm and that various autophagy‐related genes (ATGs) are rhythmically expressed in Arabidopsis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual‐luciferase (LUC) analyses showed that the core oscillator gene TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) directly binds to the promoters of ATG (ATG1a, ATG2, and ATG8d) and negatively regulates autophagy activities under nutritional stress. Furthermore, autophagy defects might affect endogenous rhythms by reducing the rhythm amplitude of TOC1 and shortening the rhythm period of CIRCADIAN CLOCK‐ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1). Autophagy is essential for the circadian clock pattern in seedling development and plant sensitivity to nutritional deficiencies. Taken together, our studies reveal a plant strategy in which the TOC1‐ATG axis involved in autophagy‐rhythm crosstalk to fine‐tune the intensity of autophagy.
A distinct cognitive profile in individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome
Authors: Klaiman C. , White S. P. , Saulnier C. , Murphy M. , Burrell L. , Cubells J. , Walker E. ,   The Emory 3q29 Project, Mulle J. G.
Published: March 2022

Background

3q29 deletion syndrome is associated with mild to moderate intellectual disability as well as comorbid psychopathology such as ADHD, anxiety, ASD and schizophrenia. A greater understanding of specific profiles that could increase risk for psychopathology is necessary in order to best understand and support individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome. The goal of this study was to thus carefully outline the strengths and weaknesses of these individuals. A second goal was to ask whether the cognitive impact of the deletion predicted psychopathology in other domains.

Methods

We systematically evaluated cognitive ability, adaptive behaviour and psychopathology in 32 individuals with the canonical 3q29 deletion using gold‐standard instruments and a standardised phenotyping protocol.

Results

Mean full scale IQ was 73 (range 40–99). Verbal subtest score (mean 80, range 31–106) was slightly higher and had a greater range than non‐verbal subtest score (mean 75, range 53–98). Spatial ability was evaluated in a subset (n = 24) and was lower than verbal and non‐verbal ability (mean 71, range 34–108). There was an average 14‐point difference between verbal and non‐verbal subset scores; 60% of the time the verbal subset score was higher than the non‐verbal subset score. Study subjects with a verbal ability subtest score lower than the non‐verbal subtest score were four times more likely to have a diagnosis of intellectual disability (suggestive, P value 0.07). The age at which a child first spoke two‐word phrases was strongly associated with measures of verbal ability (P value 2.56e‐07). Cognitive ability was correlated with adaptive behaviour measures (correlation 0.42, P value 0.02). However, although group means found equivalent scores, there was, on average, a 10‐point gap between these skills (range −33 to 33), in either direction, in about 50% of the sample, suggesting that cognitive measures only partially inform adaptive ability. Cognitive ability scores did not have any significant relationship to cumulative burden of psychopathology nor to individual neurodevelopmental or psychiatric diagnoses.

Conclusions

Individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome have a complex pattern of cognitive disability. Two‐thirds of individuals with the deletion will exhibit significant strength in verbal ability; this may mask deficits in non‐verbal reasoning, leading to an overestimation of overall ability. Deficits in verbal ability may be the driver of intellectual disability diagnosis. Cognitive ability is not a strong indicator of other neurodevelopmental or psychiatric impairment; thus, individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome who exhibit IQ scores within the normal range should receive all recommended behavioural evaluations.
Use of tannin extract as a strategy to reduce methane in Nellore and Holstein cattle and its effect on intake, digestibility, microbial efficiency and ruminal fermentation
Authors: Perna Junior Flavio , Galbiatti Sandoval Nogueira Ricardo , Ferreira Carvalho Roberta , Cuellar Orlandi Cassiano Eduardo , Mazza Rodrigues Paulo Henrique
Published: March 2022

This study was carried out to evaluate the use of tannin extract from Acacia mearnsii as a strategy to reduce methane (CH4) in two distinct cattle genotypes and its effect on intake, digestibility, microbial efficiency and ruminal fermentation. Four Nellore (Bos indicus) and four Holstein (Bos taurus) dry cows fitted with rumen cannula were assigned to two 4 × 4 Latin square design, in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, where each genotype represented a square receiving four tannin levels (commercial extract of A. mearnsii) in the diet (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of dry matter). Tannin levels used did not cause a reduction in feed intake or rumen passage rate for both genotypes (p > 0.05), although there was a linear reduction in the degradation rate and ruminal disappearance of diet (p < 0.05). The increase in tannin levels reduced the amount of entodiniomorph protozoa in the Nellore cattle (p < 0.05). There was no change in N retention or microbial efficiency (p > 0.05), despite the linear reduction of nutrient digestibility and the synthesis of microbial nitrogen (p < 0.05). The ruminal CH4 production was reduced (p < 0.05) without reducing the short‐chain fatty acid production. The threshold of 0.72% of tannin in the diet was estimated as the starting point for the reduction of ruminal CH4 production with long‐term efficacy. Therefore, the use of low levels of tannin extract from A. mearnsii is a potential option to manipulate rumen fermentation in Nellore and Holstein cattle and needs to be further investigated.
Online training for parents of children with developmental disabilities in a low‐resource community: A pilot feasibility study
Authors: Terol Adriana Kaori , Lee James D. , Martin Loya Melanie R , Meadan Hedda
Published: March 2022

Challenging behaviors interfere with children's learning, prosocial interactions, and family dynamics. Parents may benefit from receiving training in behavioral principles to prevent and reduce challenging behaviors, especially in low‐resourced communities where services are scarce and scattered. This study implemented an adapted online training on behavioral principles with 15 parents of children with developmental disabilities in Paraguay. Analysis of the pretest and posttest assessment data indicated that parents' knowledge of behavioral principles overall increased, and some changes were found in the reported usage of positive parenting practices. Moreover, qualitative interviews with participants revealed that the intervention delivery in Paraguay was considered acceptable. Therefore, providing access to online training in low‐resourced communities may be a feasible and accessible intervention for parents of children with developmental disabilities.
Automatic detection method of tunnel lining multi‐defects via an enhanced You Only Look Once network
Authors: Zhou Zhong , Zhang Junjie , Gong Chenjie
Published: March 2022

Aiming to solve the challenges of low detection accuracy, poor anti‐interference ability, and slow detection speed in the traditional tunnel lining defect detection methods, a novel deep learning‐based model, named You Only Look Once network v4 enhanced by EfficientNet and depthwise separable convolution (DSC; YOLOv4‐ED), is proposed. In the YOLOv4‐ED, EfficientNet is used as the backbone to improve the identification accuracy of indistinguishable defect targets in complex tunnel background and light conditions. Furthermore, DSC block is introduced to reduce the storage space of the model and thereby enhance the detection efficiency. The experimental results indicate that the mean average precision,F1 score,Model Size, andFPSof YOLOv4‐ED are 81.84%, 81.99%, 49.3 MB, and 43.5 f/s, respectively, which is superior to the comparison models in both detection accuracy and efficiency. Based on robust and cost‐effective YOLOv4‐ED, a tunnel lining defect detection platform (TLDDP) with the capacity of automated inspection of various lining defects (i.e., water leakage, crack, rebar‐exposed) is built. The established TLDDP can realize the high‐precision and automatic detection of multiple tunnel lining defects under different lighting and complex background conditions of the practical in‐service tunnel.
Reliability of reward ERPs in middle‐late adolescents using a custom and a standardized preprocessing pipeline
Authors: Hámori György , Rádosi Alexandra , Pászthy Bea , Réthelyi János M. , Ulbert István , Fiáth Richárd , Bunford Nóra
Published: March 2022

Despite advantage of neuroimaging measures in translational research frameworks, less is known about the psychometric properties thereof, especially in middle‐late adolescents. Earlier, we examined evidence of convergent and incremental validity of reward anticipation and response event‐related potentials (ERPs) and here we examined, in the same sample of 43 adolescents (Mage = 15.67 years; SD = 1.01; range: 14–18; 32.6% boys), data quality (signal‐to‐noise ratio [SNR]), stability (mean amplitude across trials), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α and split‐half reliability) of the same ERPs. Further, because observed time course and peak amplitude of ERP grand averages and thus findings on SNR, stability, and internal consistency may depend on preprocessing method, we employed a custom and a standardized preprocessing pipeline and compared findings across those. Using our custom pipeline, reward anticipation components were stable by the 40th trial, achieved acceptable internal consistency by the 19th, and all (but the stimulus‐preceding negativity [SPN]) achieved acceptable SNR by the 41st trial. Initial response to reward components were stable by the 20th trial and achieved acceptable internal consistency by the 11th and acceptable SNR by the 45th trial. Difference scores had worse psychometric properties than parent measures. Time course and peak amplitudes of ERPs and thus results on SNR, stability, and internal consistency were comparable across preprocessing pipelines. In case of reward anticipation ERPs examined here, 41 trials (+4 artifacted and removed) and, in case of reward response ERPs, 45 trials (+5 artifacted) yielded stable and internally consistent estimates with acceptable SNR. Results are robust across preprocessing methods.
Disruption by design? Classification framework for the archetypes of disruptive business models
Authors: Schmidt Alexander Lennart , van der Sijde Peter
Published: March 2022

The current scholarly debates highlight the role of business models for understanding the dynamics inherent to disruptive innovations. Additionally, research on business models argues for similarities between business models, as they are shared by multiple competitors and across industries. Despite the recent advancements in both debate streams, a consolidation of the research on the underlying similarities of disruptive business models is lacking. Such a consolidation would allow learning from previous waves of disruption, ultimately informing theory and practice to cope with the increasing pace and impact of disruptive innovations. Consequently, this study systematically identifies 122 disruptive business models that have been discussed in the literature during 2006–2019. Based on qualitative content analysis, we then develop a classification framework and propose five archetypes of disruptive business models: (1) matchmakers, (2) standardizers, (3) service providers, (4) open collaborators, and (5) performance reducers. We make a twofold contribution to the discussions around the hitherto tentatively specified business models underlying disruptive innovations, thus emphasizing the contingency of the phenomenon. First, we discuss how the identified archetypes are inducing disruptive dynamics. Second, we elaborate on how the archetypes are constituting paths towards disruption.
Digital transformation, for better or worse: a critical multi‐level research agenda
Authors: Dąbrowska Justyna , Almpanopoulou Argyro , Brem Alexander , Chesbrough Henry , Cucino Valentina , Di Minin Alberto , Giones Ferran , Hakala Henri , Marullo Cristina , Mention Anne‐Laure , Mortara Letizia , Nørskov Sladjana , Nylund Petra A. , Oddo Calogero Maria , Radziwon Agnieszka , Ritala Paavo
Published: March 2022

For better or worse, digital technologies are reshaping everything, from customer behaviors and expectations to organizational and manufacturing systems, business models, markets, and ultimately society. To understand this overarching transformation, this paper extends the previous literature which has focused mostly on the organizational level by developing a multi‐level research agenda for digital transformation (DT). In this regard, we propose an extended definition of DT as “a socioeconomic change across individuals, organizations, ecosystems, and societies that are shaped by the adoption and utilization of digital technologies.” We suggest four lenses to interpret the DT phenomenon: individuals (utilizing and adopting digital technologies), organizations (strategizing and coordinating both internal and external transformation), ecosystems (harnessing digital technologies in governance and co‐producing value propositions), and geopolitical frameworks (regulating the environments in which individuals and organizations are embedded). Based on these lenses, we build a multi‐level research agenda at the intersection between the bright and dark sides of DT and introduce the PIAI framework, which captures a process ofperception,interpretation, andactionthat ultimately leads to possibleimpact. The PIAI framework identifies a critical research agenda consisting of a non‐exhaustive list of topics that can assist researchers to deepen their understanding of the DT phenomenon and provide guidance to managers and policymakers when making strategic decisions that seek to shape and guide the DT.
An integrated environmental risk assessment framework for coal‐fired power plants: A fuzzy logic approach
Authors: Bartan Ayfer , Kucukali Serhat , Ar Irfan , Baris Kemal
Published: March 2022

This study quantifies the environmental risk of a coal‐fired thermal power plant during operation by using environmental monitoring data, site surveys, and documented evidence. The following criteria are assessed: emissions (CO, SO2, NOx, PM10), impact on aquatic ecosystem (fish protection at cooling water intake and cooling water discharge temperature), and waste management (fly ash and bottom ash). Fuzzy sets were defined for each criterion, taking environmental regulatory context as an expert judgment. A survey was conducted with multiple stakeholders to determine the relative importance of risk factors. The survey results showed that the most concerned risks are SO2and NOxemissions. The proposed method estimates the risk of each environmental criterion separately and then accumulates them into an environmental risk index (ERI). Accordingly, we assessed the Catalagzi coal‐fired power plant, which has been in operation on the Black Sea coast in northwestern Turkey. For this case study, the ERI resulted in a value of 0.78 (on a scale of 0–1), showing high environmental risk to the facility. Moreover, the applicability of the proposed framework was tested in several existing coal‐fired power plants using simultaneous measurements. All studied coal‐fired power plants in Turkey have unacceptable pollutants (PM10, SO2, and NOx) concentration levels indicating high health risk potential. The application of the integrated environmental risk assessment framework showed that new environmental regulations are needed in Turkey to specify more strict emission limits and to monitor CO2, fine particulate matter emissions, cooling water discharge, and fish protection at cooling water intake.
School Closures and Rural Population Decline*
Authors: Sageman Joseph
Published: March 2022

Since 1998, more than 6,000 public schools have closed in rural U.S. counties. Very little research considers how these school closures impact the future growth (or decline) of rural communities. Given rural schools' importance to parents, local labor markets, and civic life, closures could trigger or reinforce population loss. On the other hand, the configuration of schools may simply be a consequence of population loss and not a cause. This paper tests these hypotheses using records from the Common Core of Data (CCD) and U.S. Census. Employing an instrumental variable analysis that exploits exogenous variation in school district boundaries and a difference‐in‐difference design that groups counties by propensity scores, I find that school closures induce population loss in many—but not all—cases. Specifically, counties with the lowest propensities to close schools experience the largest negative effects on population. This finding suggests that policymakers often overlook potentially important unintended consequences of school consolidation in rural communities.
Xenogeneic Sertoli cells modulate immune response in an evolutionary distant mouse model through the production of interleukin‐10 and PD‐1 ligands expression
Authors: Vegrichtova Marketa , Hajkova Michaela , Porubska Bianka , Vasek Daniel , Krylov Vladimir , Tlapakova Tereza , Krulova Magdalena
Published: March 2022

Background

Immunomodulatory mechanisms of Sertoli cells (SCs) during phylogeny have not been described previously. This study attempted to reveal mechanisms of SC immune modulation in an evolutionary distant host.

Methods

The interaction of the SC cell line derived from Xenopus tropicalis (XtSC) with murine immune cells was studied in vivo and in vitro. The changes in the cytokine production, the intracellular and surface molecules expression on murine immune cells were evaluated after co‐culturing with XtSCs. Migration of XtSCs in mouse recipients after intravenous application and subsequent changes in spleen and the testicular immune environment were determined by flow cytometry.

Results

The in vitro co‐culture model was established, allowing the study of XtSCs interaction with murine immune cells. Intracellular staining of interleukin (IL‐)10 revealed a significant increase in its expression in macrophages and B cells co‐cultured with XtSCs, compared to both unstimulated cells and xenogeneic control. On the contrary, a significant decrease in Th lymphocytes expressing interferon‐gamma was observed. The expression of both PD‐1 ligands (PD‐L1 and PD‐L2) was upregulated on the macrophage surfaces after co‐culture with XtSCs, but not with the controls. XtSCs migrated specifically to testes when administered intravenously and modulated systemic and local testicular microenvironment; this was detected by the expression of molecules associated with suppressive phenotype by CD45+ cells in both spleen and testes.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated for the first time that SCs can migrate and modulate immune response in a phylogenetically distant host. It was further observed that SCs induce expression of molecules associated with immunosuppression, such as IL‐10 and PD‐1 ligands.
Cardiorespiratory responses to muscle metaboreflex activation in fibrosing interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chen Charlotte , Kolbe John , Wilsher Margaret L. , De Boer Sally , Paton Julian F. R. , Fisher James P.
Published: March 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

We determined whether sensory feedback from metabolically sensitive skeletal muscle afferents (metaboreflex) causes a greater ventilatory response and higher dyspnoea ratings in fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD).

What is the main finding and its importance?

Ventilatory responses and dyspnoea ratings during handgrip exercise and metaboreflex isolation were not different in FILD and control groups. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to handgrip were attenuated in FILD but not different to controls during metaboreflex isolation. These findings suggest that the muscle metaboreflex contribution to the respiratory response to exercise is not altered in FILD.

Exercise limitation and dyspnoea are hallmarks of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD); however, the physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. In other respiratory diseases, there is evidence that an augmented muscle metaboreflex may be implicated. We hypothesized that metaboreflex activation in FILD would result in elevated ventilation and dyspnoea ratings compared to healthy controls, due to augmented muscle metaboreflex. Sixteen FILD patients (three women, 69±14 years; mean±SD) and 16 age‐matched controls (four women, 67±7 years) were recruited. In a randomized cross‐over design, participants completed two min of rhythmic handgrip followed by either (i) two min of post‐exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO trial) to isolate muscle metaboreflex activation, or (ii) rested for four min (Control trial). Minute ventilation (; pneumotachometer), dyspnoea ratings (0–10 Borg scale), mean arterial pressure (MAP; finger photoplethysmography) and heart rate (HR; electrocardiogram) were measured. was higher in the FILD group at baseline and exercise increased similarly in both groups. remained elevated during PECO, but there was no between‐group difference in the magnitude of this response (Δ FILD 4.2 ± 2.5 L·min–1 vs. controls 3.6 ± 2.4 L·min–1, P = 0.596). At the end of PECO, dyspnoea ratings in FILD were similar to controls (1.0 ± 1.3 units vs. 0.5 ± 1.1 units). Exercise increased MAP and HR (P < 0.05) in both groups; however, responses were lower in FILD. Collectively, these findings suggest that there is not an augmented effect of the muscle metaboreflex on breathing and dyspnoea in FILD, but haemodynamic responses to handgrip are reduced relative to controls.
El área de protección de vistas relevantes urbanas como zona de amortiguamiento del centro histórico de Camagüey, Cuba
Authors: Almeida Torrens Marisabel , Gómez Consuegra Lourdes
Published: March 2022

La protección de vistas relevantes en un centro histórico como parte del plan de ordenamiento urbano y de su gestión, y la determinación de una precisa zona de amortiguamiento para la preservación del mismo de inserciones indeseables, son problemáticas que no han encontrado con frecuencia respuestas adecuadas.

Mediante el enfoque de paisaje urbano histórico se diseña una herramienta de análisis para delimitar las unidades de paisaje en sus diferentes escalas y estudiar la protección de los principales recursos paisajísticos del centro histórico de Camagüey, Cuba, desde el punto de vista perceptual.

Se logra así obtener un plan general de protección de vistas relevantes que complementa el Plan General de Ordenamiento de la ciudad y el Plan Parcial de su centro histórico, así como los instrumentos para los estudios a diferentes escalas, estableciendo una zona de amortiguamiento precisa, indispensable para armonizar la incorporación de elementos contemporáneos en los diferentes entornos.

El trabajo forma parte del desarrollo de una tesis doctoral en proceso.
Coefficients and Orders Identification of Fractional Order Systems Based on Block Pulse Functions Through Two-Stage Algorithm
Authors: Zhang B. , Tang Y. G. , Zhang J. , Lu Y.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we propose a method based on a two-stage algorithm to simultaneously identify the coefficients and fractional differentiation orders of fractional order systems (FOSs) with commensurate order. The proposed method adopts the fractional integral operational matrix of block pulse functions (BPFs) to convert the FOS to a linear parameter regression equation. Then, a two-stage algorithm is developed to identify the coefficients and orders. First, with the orders fixed, the coefficients are identified using the instrumental variable-based recursive least square algorithm. Then, with the identified coefficients fixed, the orders are estimated using the Gauss–Newton iterative algorithm. The above process iterates until the stop criterion is met. Two identification examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
¿Es (anti)racista la izquierda? Racismo, islamofobia y activismo en el Estado español
Authors:   UCM, Gil-Benumeya Flores Daniel
Published: March 2022

En la política española, la islamofobia y las demás construcciones racistas tienen un papel más discreto que en los discursos políticos producidos en otros lugares de Europa, y consecuentemente también constituyen una preocupación secundaria en las organizaciones de la izquierda y los movimientos sociales. Es esta una situación que está en proceso de cambio debido a los procesos recientes de subjetivación política de personas racializadas, la aparición en el espacio discursivo de la izquierda de los discursos decoloniales, el auge de la ultraderecha tanto en lo electoral como en la producción de sentidos comunes y los réditos electorales que proporcionan ciertas formas de antirracismo. Se trata sin embargo de un proceso que no se está dando sin tensiones y desencuentros. La asunción de que la izquierda es antirracista de por sí ha facilitado que, históricamente, y aunque fuera de un modo marginal e imperfecto, haya sido a menudo el activismo de izquierdas el que ha sostenido y hasta protagonizado las luchas antirracistas. Pero esa misma asunción, lejos de facilitar el debate sobre el racismo, ha enfatizado la acción sobre la reflexión y ha generado más silencios, evitaciones y carencias conceptuales que discurso. Esta comunicación es el resultado de una investigación sobre las posiciones, segmentaciones y silencios del activismo, basada en una serie de entrevistas en profundidad a activistas de diferentes organizaciones y espacios de la izquierda española, sobre cuestiones relativas a la islamofobia, el racismo y otras concomitantes como la diversidad de los espacios militantes, la interseccionalidad y el laicismo.