bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
13.1: Multilayer PDLC Screen for Holography and Displaying of Non‐Compact Objects
Authors: Belyaev Victor , Kostyuk Alexander , Kovtonyuk Nickolai
Published: January 2005

A method of writing dynamical pictures with non‐compact scenes for the purposes of information displaying or holography is described. Each section of a non‐compact scene is registered by an independent TV camera and projected onto a multilayer PDLC screen. The success of driving pulses to change the PDLC layer transparency is selected in accordance with the section number.
13.2: The 3D Display Using Field‐Sequential LCD with Light Direction Controlling Back‐light
Authors: Toyooka K. , Miyashita T. , Uchida T.
Published: January 2005

Three‐dimensional (3D) displays without using any special glasses such as parallax barrier method and lenticular method are actively researched recently. However, a high resolution display is difficult to obtain by these methods because of the limitation due to the pitch of the barrier or the lens. Then, we have proposed a new method to solve this problem. In this method, the light from a back‐light is controlled in the required direction, and different images are displayed according to each direction. An observer receives 3D images by changing the light direction and parallax images on liquid crystal display (LCD) sequentially. The resolution of this display is the same as that of the LCD used and is not affected by the pitch of lenticular lens. In this presentation, the display principle, a design concept and property of the prototype 3D display property is discussed.
14.1: Invited Paper: Fabrication of Ballistic Electron Surface‐Emitting Display on Glass Substrate
Authors: Komoda Takuya , Honda Yoshiaki , Hatai Takashi , Watabe Yoshifumi , Ichihara Tsutomu , Aizawa Koichi , Koshida Nobuyoshi
Published: January 2005

It is demonstrated that the Ballistic electron Surface‐emitting Display (BSD) can be fabricated onto both quartz and TFT Glass substrates and performed excellent characteristics. We also demonstrate the 2.6 inches diagonal 84(RGB)×63 pixels multicolour flat panel display on a quartz glass substrate. BSD promise the possible application to the flat panel display in near future.
14.3: Novel Low‐Power Driving Method for MIM‐Cathode Displays
Authors: Suzuki M. , Kusunoki T. , Sagawa M. , Tsuji K.
Published: January 2005

A new driving method is developed for FEDs using metal‐insulator‐ metal (MIM) cathodes. The “Row Hi‐Z drive” method, in which non‐selected scan lines are connected to high‐impedance driver outputs, reduces the dissipation power by 75%. With a 60×60‐dot MIM‐cathode display, we demonstrated no visual crosstalk occurs regardless of a significant voltage crosstalk.
15.4L: Late‐News Paper: Image Scaling Technlogy with Preserving Extracted Contour's Transition
Authors: Someya Jun , Yamakawa Masaki , Okuno Yoshiaki
Published: January 2005

We have developed a new scaling technique, which we call “Advanced Scaling with Preserving Extracted Contour's Transition (ASPECT)”. When an image is expanded, it generally lose uniformity and become blurred. ASPECT change the scaling ratio at the contour of an image so that it can maintain sharpness of the expanded image. Thus the technology can create a crisp expanded image without producing artifacts caused by non‐uniformity or overshooting.
16.1: Recent Improvements of Bistable Nematic Displays Switched By Anchoring Breaking (BiNem®)
Authors: Dozov Ivan , Martinot‐Lagarde Philippe , Lamarque‐Forget Sandrine , Stoenescu Daniel , Angelé Jacques , Vercelletto Romain , Pécout Bertrand , Boissier Alain
Published: January 2005

We present recent major improvements of 180° bistable twisted nematics displays (BiNem®), a new nematic bistable display technology characterized by the breaking of monostable anchoring. This technology allows the switching between 0° and 180°‐twisted stable textures. We show that optimization of the liquid crystal material, suitable rubbed polymer anchoring layers, and the use of a simple multiplexing scheme allow, for the first time, to demonstrate a high contrast with a medium resolution black and white passive matrix. Excellent contrast ratio, wide view angle, pure black and white optical states, good response times and low electrical consumption are achieved.
16.4L: Late‐News Paper: A Study on the Lamination Sequence of Novel Cholesteric Reflective Polarizer (CRP)
Authors: Hsieh Pao‐Ju , Kuo Hui‐Lung
Published: January 2005

A novel broadband cholesteric reflective polarizer(CRP) was made by coating process followed with lamination steps. The processing sequence of the different color layers of have a strongly influence on the effective reflective bandwidth of the final CRP. A preliminary explanation is given from the results of this work.
18.2: A 2.15 inch QCIF Reflective Color TFT‐LCD with Digital memory on Glass (DMOG)
Authors: Kimura Hiroyuki , Maeda Takashi , Tsunashima Takanori , Morita Tetsuo , Murata Hiroyoshi , Hirota Shinichi , Sato Hajime
Published: January 2005

We have developed a 2.15 inch diagonal, QCIF(144×RGB×176) reflective color TFT‐LCD with a new integration technology called DMOG (digital memory on glass), using low‐temperature polysilicon (poly‐Si) technology. This panel is able to display 4bit × RGB (4096‐colors) images and 1bit × RGB (8‐colors) still image in power save mode (still mode). We have achieved low power consumption up to 1.3mW in still mode using DMOG.
18.3: A Low‐Power Data Driver with Stepwise Driving Method for TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Choi B. D. , Kwon O. K.
Published: January 2005

A stepwise driving method has been successfully applied for AC power saving in data driver circuits of TFT‐LCDs. For DC power saving, we have also proposed dual‐VDD architecture for output buffers of data driver circuits. Experimental results show that over 75% of AC power and about 40% of DC power can be saved for 14.x‐inch or larger size TFT‐LCDs with XGA resolution. The proposed data driver can be realized with very small area‐overhead.
18.4: TFT‐LCDs with Monolithic Multi‐Drivers for High Performance Video and Low‐Power Text Modes
Authors: Washio Hajime , Maeda Kazuhiro , Kaise Yasuyoshi , Kubota Yasushi , Hijikigawa Masaya , Brownlow Mike , Cairns Graham
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a new concept for low power consumption TFT‐LCDs, based on monolithic multi‐drivers. The multi‐driver architecture consists of two data line drivers, one analogue, one binary, that can operate in tandem or independently. The analogue driver allows the display to show high quality full colour video images. The binary driver provides 8 colour text data display, either on its own, or superimposed onto the image provided by the analogue driver. Operation of the binary driver consumes 1/10th of the power that operation of the analogue driver needs. The display module can therefore operate at substantially lower power for many display applications, yet still achieve high display performance when demanded.
18.5L: Late‐News Paper: low power Consumption TFT‐LCD with Dynamic Memory Embedded in Pixels
Authors: Tokioka H. , Agari M. , Inoue M. , Yamamoto T. , Murai H. , Nagata H.
Published: January 2005

A low power consumption Thin Film Transistor‐Liquid Crystal Display (TFT‐LCD) with dynamic memory cells embedded in each pixel using low‐temperature poly‐Si technology has been developed. By holding data in the memory, the operating rate of the data driver can be dramatically reduced to 4Hz. Eight gray scale with low power consumption can be achieved by the area‐ratio gray scale method.

This TFT‐LCD can be used for displaying fine still images with low power consumption.
19.2: A 100,000‐cd/m2, Capacity Coupled Electrodeless Discharge Backlight with High Efficacy for LC TVs
Authors: Baba Y. , Izuka M. , Shiga T. , Mikoshiba S. , Nishiyama S.
Published: January 2005

A capacity coupled electrodeless Hg discharge lamp has been developed for LC‐TV backlightings. By applying sinusoidal voltages which are 180 degrees out of phase to a pair of external electrodes, luminous uniformity of over 84 % was attained in two types of lamps whose lengths are 190mm and 390mm. Luminance, efficacy, and input power to the lamp were 114,000cd/m2, 35 lm/W, and 21.5W when the 390mm lamp was driven at 5MHz with an inverter.
19.4: Reflective Backlights for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Mosley A. , Burrage J. , Conway N. , Halim M. , Latham S. , Pommerehne J. , Rundle P.
Published: January 2005

A novel reflective backlight based on OLED technology has been developed for use with monochrome transmissive LCDs. The rear metal cathode of the OLED in combination with a polarisation preserving diffuser is used as the reflector for the LCD, thereby avoiding the use of an inefficient transflector. Both green and blue reflective backlights are reported which provide greater luminous efficacies and brighter reflective states than conventional transflective LCDs illuminated with either LED or inorganic electroluminescent backlights.
20.1: Invited Paper: New Emitter Techniques for Field Emission Displays
Authors: Kim J. M. , Lee N. S. , Chung D. S. , Park S. H. , Jin Y. W. , Kang J. H. , Choi Y. S. , Kim H. Y. , Yun M. J. , Park N. S. , Han I. T. , Kim J. W. , Jung J. E. , You J. H. , Lee C. G. , Jo S. H. , Choi K. S. , Chi E. J. , Lee S. J. , Park H. G.
Published: January 2005

New emitter materials for field emission displays (FEDs) have emerged and some of them faded away. Recently, carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention as a new emitter material due to their excellent field emission characteristics. We have investigated several different structures of FEDs with carbon nanotube emitters: normal gate, remote gate, and under‐gate triode structures. The panels with these structures were fabricated to be a 15″ diagonal and VGA resolution. Their field emission characteristics, uniformity, and scalability are discussed in detail.
20.2: Gated Field Emitter using Carbon Nanotube Line Emitters Directly Grown into the Submicron‐Holes for Field Emission Display
Authors: Lee Yun‐Hi , Jang Yoon‐Taek , Choi Chang‐Hoon , Ju Byeong‐kwon , Oh Myung‐Hwan , Ahn Jin‐Ho
Published: January 2005

We present fabrication of the first carbon nanotubes field emission picture element with gate electrodes and their basic field electron emission properties. Though the characteristics indicate that there are still a few technical problems to be solved, a gated triode structure with carbon nanotubes directly grown on the substrate as a line emitter is promising for the field emission source.
21.4: Compensation for Stray Light in Projection Display Metrology
Authors: Boynton P. , Kelley E.
Published: January 2005

Electronic projection display specifications are often based on measurements made in ideal darkroom conditions and assume ideal measurement instrumentation. However, not everyone has access to such a facility, and the light‐measuring devices may not necessarily provide the desired information. Simple tools are discussed that address some of these concerns.
5.4: Glass Cockpit for the U‐2
Authors: Bialecki Larry J. , Berson Barry L.
Published: January 2005

This paper summarizes some critical display integration activities that were performed on the U‐2 Reconnaissance Avionics Maintainability Program (RAMP). The objective of RAMP was to upgrade the U‐2 mechanical instrument based cockpit to a glass cockpit based on LCD technology. Design trades based on requirements, anthropometric restrictions, state of the art of display performance, and the use of Off‐The‐Shelf hardware are presented. In addition, lessons learned are also presented. It is intended that this paper will provide some insight on display factors that need to be accounted for to successfully complete a cockpit display upgrade program.
23.2: A High Resolution Stereoscopic Computer Projection Display For Surgical Planning
Authors: Montgomery Kevin , Mazzella Frederic , Stephanides Michael , Schendel Stephen
Published: January 2005

This paper details the construction of a high resolution, stereoscopic rear‐projection display specially optimized for collaborative, computer‐based surgical planning. The projection display was designed to address a number of drawbacks that exist in the use of other, more general‐purpose projection displays for this task
24.4L: Late‐News Paper: A 13.0‐inch AM‐OLED Display with Top Emitting Structure and Adaptive Current Mode Programmed Pixel Circuit (TAC)
Authors: Sasaoka Tatsuya , Sekiya Mitsunobu , Yumoto Akira , Yamada Jiro , Hirano Takashi , Iwase Yuichi , Yamada Takao , Ishibashi Tadashi , Mori Takao , Asano Mitsuru , Tamura Shinichiro , Urabe Tetsuo
Published: January 2005

A device structure and a driving method were developed to design large‐scale active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AM‐OLED) display with good gray scale uniformity and high aperture ratio. With these technologies, we developed a full color 13.0‐inch SVGA AM‐OLED display, the largest OLED display ever reported to date. These technologies will open up the OLED applications to larger size displays such as desktop monitors and TVs.
L‐5: Late‐News Paper: Silica Aerogel Thin Film Substrate for OLED
Authors: Yokogawa H. , Kawano K. , Yokoyama M. , Tsutsui T. , Yahiro M. , Shigesato Y.
Published: January 2005

Silica aerogel thin film with extremely low refractive index was formed on the glass substrate by sol‐gel coating and supercritical drying. Using this substrate, we fabricated the OLED and observed the disappearance of wave‐guiding propagation within the glass substrate and the improvement of the coupling‐out efficiency.
L‐6: Late‐News Paper: New Method of Optimizing AG Properties for High‐Definition LCDs Using Ray Tracing Simulation
Authors: Amimori Ichiro , Miyazaki Keiichi , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Arai Tsutomu , Mori Hiroyuki , Shinagawa Yukio
Published: January 2005

We report on the new method of optimizing AG properties for high definition LCDs. This method consists of ray tracing simulation and surface topography simulation. Ray tracing simulation gives us a quantitative description of AG properties. And combining this simulation with surface topography simulation, we have succeeded in designing a novel AG film for high‐definition LCDs.
6.1: Invited Paper: All‐Polymer Thin Film Transistors Fabricated by High‐Resolution Ink‐jet Printing
Authors: Kawase Takeo , Sirringhaus Henning , Friend Richard H. , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: January 2005

All‐polymer thin film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated by ink‐jet printing for the first time. Source/drain electrodes are printed using a conducting polymer (PEDOT) solution on substrates with patterned wetting‐and‐dewetting regions. A channel length down to 5 μm has been achieved without short‐circuits. The TFTs show a high mobility of 0.02 cm2/V·s and on/off ratio of more than 105. These characteristics are equal or better than reference devices with gold electrodes. The fabrication of printed inverters is also demonstrated, in which components such as gate electrodes, interconnections, via‐holes or resistors, are patterned with the ink‐jet technique.
25.1: Improvement on Longevity of Blue Phosphor for PDP Applications
Authors: Zhang Shuxiu , Kokubu Masataka , Fujii Hideki , Uchiike Heiju
Published: January 2005

Improvement in longevity of blue phosphor (Eu2+‐activated barium magnesium aluminate, call as BAM) is investigated for the application of color plasma displays. It is clarified that the properties of phosphor deterioration caused by the irradiation of vacuum ultraviolet rays are dependent on the substituted elements for the specific part of the BAM. The longevity of the modified BAM is longer than that of the conventional one by twice or more by means of the substitution of In, Lu or Sc.
25.2: Analysis of Deterioration of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ Phosphor for Plasma Display Panels
Authors: Tadaki Shinji , Inoue Kazunori , Fukuta Shin'Ya , Ishimoto Manabu , Betsui Keiichi , Iwase Nobuhiro
Published: January 2005

Using TEM, we studied the amorphous phase on a BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor surface deteriorated by VUV irradiation. This paper describes growth of the amorphous phase and shows that irradiation from the a‐axis of the phosphor crystal intensively increased the growth of the amorphous phase, compared with the results of irradiation from the c‐axis.
25.4: New Developments in Blue Oxide EL Phosphors
Authors: Kitai A. H. , Jiang Z. , Deng J. , Cook K.
Published: January 2005

New blue‐emitting EL oxide phosphors have been prepared and will be described. These phosphors suggest that blue‐emitting oxide phosphors are possible. The availability of blue emission is of particular interest due to excellent brightness and stability shown by red and green oxide EL phosphors.
27.1: High Brightness Reflective Color STN‐LCD Using a Multi‐Directional Asymmetrical Microlens Array Light Control Film
Authors: Huang Yi‐Pai , Ko Fu‐Jen , Shieh Han‐Ping David
Published: January 2005

A Multi‐directional Asymmetrical Microlens Array Light Control Film (MAMA‐LCF) which can direct the incident light from multi‐direction for viewing is demonstracted for much enhanced brightness in reflective color super‐twisted‐nematic liquid crystal displays (STN‐LCDs). The MAMA‐LCF, constructed with an asymmetrical microlens array and laminated onto the front surface of the reflective color STN‐LCDs, can yield a maximum gain about 20× of MgO standard‐white in a typical viewing region without visible Morie and prallax effects.
30.1: Invited Paper: Naturalness and Image Quality: Towards Pereptually Optimal Color Reproduction of Natural Scenes
Authors: de Ridder Huib
Published: January 2005

This paper reviews a series of experiments in which the relation between perceived naturalness and image quality has been investigated by varying the color characteristics of a number of color reproductions of natural scenes. The main conclusion from these experiments is that naturalness and image quality are closely related but that, under certain conditions, naturalness systematically deviates from image quality. Theoretical and practical implications of this conclusion for the perceptual optimization of natural images are briefly discussed.
30.2: Optimal and Acceptable Hue Ranges for Display Primaries
Authors: Langendijk Erno H. A. , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: January 2005

For many new displays types (e.g. LCDs, PolyLEDs) the hues of the primaries differ from those of conventional CRTs. In order to identify an optimal and an acceptable range in which these primary hues may vary the following two experiments were performed. In the first experiment observers set the hue (ΔHuv, color rotation about the white point) of either the red, green or blue primary to an optimum for four different (natural) images. In the second experiment the same observers adjusted the hue of each primary separately until they perceived the image as “just acceptable”. The results suggest that the optimal hue of the chromaticities of the red, green and blue primaries may vary about ±4° from the chromaticities set by the EBU (European Broadcast Union). In the acceptance task observers were the least tolerant in accepting a hue variation of the blue primary (±12°) and more tolerant for the green primary (±23°). Results for the red primary were quite asymmetric (+15° for a positive hue and −30° for a negative hue). The results from this study give display manufactures a guideline to test whether the color reproduction of their display is optimal, acceptable or unacceptable.1
30.3: The Visibility of Differences in Perceived Sharpness and its Relationship to Display Characteristics
Authors: Heynderickx Ingrid , Bech Søren , Mastenbroek Erik , De Lameillieure Maka
Published: January 2005

Perceived sharpness is investigated for computer monitor tube (CMT) as well as for television tube (TVT) applications in a number of subjective evaluations using a test pattern and natural images blurred by Gaussian filters. For CMT applications, the visibility of differences in perceived sharpness is determined based on a simple black‐and‐white test pattern. This pattern is either blurred in the horizontal direction only or in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Subjective evaluations demonstrate that the perceived sharpness is related to the diagonal step response, determined from the horizontal and vertical step responses measured at the black‐white transitions. For TVT applications, perceived sharpness is evaluated in three additional experiments, using mainly natural images and trained as well as inexperienced observers. For these experiments too, the diagonal step response describes the decrease in perceived sharpness for an increased degree of blurring very accurately.
31.1: Full Color SVGA+ OLED On Silicon Microdisplay
Authors: Prache O.
Published: January 2005

OLED‐on‐silicon microdisplays represent a new generation of microdisplay technology built on conventional integrated circuits. OLEDs‐on‐silicon offers significant benefits to the realization of active matrix microdisplays for a number of commercial and industrial applications. This paper reviews the design, fabrication and characterization of a full color 852 × 600 active matrix OLED‐on‐silicon microdisplay.
31.2: Light Emitting Polymers For Full Colour Display Applications
Authors: Heeks S. K. , Burroughes J. H. , Town C. , Cina S. , Baynes N. , Athanassopoulou N. , Carter J. C.
Published: January 2005

The latest developments in light emitting polymer (LEP) technology at CDT continues to show steady progress. Device performance is described for blue, green and red systems as well as a high performance yellow system in terms of device efficiency and stability. Some of the issues associated with the commercialisation of LEP technology including the development, of direct patterning techniques enabling full colour passive and active matrix display will be presented.
31.4: Fabrication of Lithium‐Based Alloy Cathodes for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by D C Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Raychaudhuri P. K. , Tang C. W. , Madathil J. K.
Published: January 2005

The cathodes for small‐molecule based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) have been prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. This is accomplished by introducing a properly configured bilayer buffer structure comprised of sublayers of LiF and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). The buffer virtually eliminates the damage to the electroluminescent medium during high power sputtering deposition of Al:Li and Ag:Li alloys. The sputtered cathode devices exhibit luminance efficiency, drive voltage, and operational stability comparable to those of evaporated Mg:Ag cathode devices made of identical organic layers.
32.4: Driver IC Integrated LTCC‐M PDP Back Panel
Authors: Baik B. J. , Ryu J. H. , Cho S. J. , Jang W. S. , Park M. H.
Published: January 2005

Currently Plasma Display Panel (PDP) is the best promising candidate for large area digital display, especially hang‐on‐the‐wall digital TVs. Many processes have been developed to manufacture the competitive PDP. We have researched the unique process for fabricating plasma display back panel by the Low Temperature Co‐fired Ceramics on Metal (LTCC‐M) technology, which is very simple and cost effective manufacturing process. In the year 2000 we presented the evaluation results of 40′ LTCC‐M plasma display back panel and succeeded in fabricating LTCC‐M PDP module. In this paper, we present a new LTCC‐M PDP back panel on which the driver ICs are integrated by using LTCC package technology. This new PDP back panel gives us many advantages by directly integrating the driver ICs, which leads to elimination of connection parts and driver IC's circuit boards, enhancing signal speed, reducing the PDP module size and lowering the material cost.
P‐2:The Improvement of Electrical Stability in the Polysilicon TFTs with Air‐Cavities at the Gate Oxide Edges
Authors: Lee M. C. , Jung S. H. , Nam W. J. , Lee J. H. , Han M. K.
Published: January 2005

A new polysilicon TFT has been designed and fabricated employing the air‐cavities at the edge of gate oxide in order to suppress a large leakage current and to improve the electrical stability. The air‐cavity reduces a large peak electric field near the drain due to a low dielectric constant, so that the carrier injection into gate insulator is suppressed near the drain.
6.5L: Late‐News Paper: AMLCDs using Organic Thin‐Film Transistors on Polyester Substrates
Authors: Kane M. G. , Hill I. G. , Campi J. , Hammond M. S. , Greening B. , Sheraw C. D. , Nichols J. A. , Gundlach D. J. , Huang J. R. , Kuo C. C. , Jia L. , Jackson T. N. , West J. L. , Francl J.
Published: January 2005

We have fabricated and demonstrated active‐matrix liquid‐crystal displays using organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) on polyester substrates. This is the first reported demonstration of an OTFT active‐matrix liquid‐crystal display, and also the first demonstration of a TFT active‐matrix liquid‐crystal display of any type fabricated on a polyester substrate.
P‐13: Presentation of Visual and Audio Information for a Human‐Computer Interface
Authors: Liu Yanfang , Fu Xiaolan , Wu Changxu
Published: January 2005

One experiment was conducted to compare 4 information displays on a multimodal interface. The results show that in term of memory accuracy, cognitive workload, the visual display of information was more predominant than the audio display of information. This research on multimodal information display has focused on how complementary information in different modalities can be combined to arrive at a more informative representation.
7.1: Optical Characteristics of a High Performance LCoS Virtual Display
Authors: Gleckman Philip , Schuck Miller
Published: January 2005

We describe a novel optical architecture for a LCoS binocular virtual display which, for the first time, meets or exceeds pSi headset performance with a 36 degree field of view, a contrast of 80:1, and no IPD adjustment necessary (12 mm pupil). Furthermore, the complete electro‐optical module fits in a package no deeper than the industry benchmarks Olympus Eye‐Trek and Sony Glasstron.
P‐23: A High Performance MIM Device with Low Threshold Voltage and Perfect Symmetry
Authors: Hong S. J. , Han J. I. , Kim C. , Kim W. K. , Kwak M. K. , Park S. K. , Lee C. J. , Lee M. J. , Chung K. S.
Published: January 2005

The MIM device with very low threshold voltage and perfect symmetry was fabricated. The threshold voltage and the symmetry were 1.4 V and 1:1, respectively. A high performance MIM device was formed by newly developed processes based on our unique anodization and annealing treatment.
P‐25: Use of UV Curable Organic/Inorganic Hard‐Coats for Display Applications
Authors: Tronche Christopher , Ubert Jeff , Chawla Chander P.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we describe the influence of the nature of monomers and solvent on the adhesion and mechanical properties of UV curable hybrid organic/inorganic hard‐coats. We also describe how the nature of the substrate itself influences the performance of the hard‐coat.
P‐26: Flat Board Probing for 30μm Pitched Flat Panel Inspection
Authors: Sato Kenji , Kobayashi Shigetaka
Published: January 2005

FBP (Flat Board Probing) is a newly developed probing technology for FPD (Flat Panel Display) testing. FBP is an advanced application of LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) manufacturing technology, and was developed jointly by Toray Engineering and IBM Japan. FBP successfully achieves stable probing up to extremely high resolutions, even with large panels.
P‐28: The Effect of Thermal Shrinkage on Indium Tin Oxide Coated Polyethylene Terephthalate for Flexible Display Applications
Authors: Cairns Darran R. , Paine David C. , Crawford Gregory P. , Kukureka Stephen N.
Published: January 2005

The shrinkage of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) for flexible display applications is investigated using a Thermal Mechanical Analyzer (TMA). The effect of temperature on the resistance of the ITO coated PET was measured using a custom built 4‐wire resistance probe in a temperature enclosure. Thermal shrinkage of the substrate effects the resistance of the ITO and is temperature and substrate dependent. The shrinkage is also anisotropic with the greatest shrinkage in the machine direction. Shrinkage of up to 4% was obtained for samples maintained at 180° C. This shrinkage can greatly influence the reliability of the ITO layer and must be considered during fabrication of flexible displays.
P‐29: Novel Reflective Color STN Plastic Film LCD with High Brightness and Parallax Free Image
Authors: Park S. K. , Han J. I. , Kim W. K. , Kwak M. G. , Hong S. J. , Lee C. J. , Min K. S. , Park C. Y.
Published: January 2005

For the first time, a novel bright reflective color STN LCD with inner scattering reflector on polymer substrate has been developed. The adoption of polymer substrate enables LCD to lighten and to have thinner thickness. Moreover, the structure of color filters on inner scattering reflector at the low polymer substrate improves color purity and brightness added to parallax free image compared to conventional reflective LCD. In this research, we have newly developed low temperature process and stepped heating for color plastic film LCD through thin film deposition, scattering reflector with constant brightness and color filter fabrication process.
P‐32: Simultaneous Measurements of Thickness of Filled Cholesteric LC Cell and the Average Refractive Index
Authors: Valyukh S. , Slobodyanyuk A. , Sorokin V.
Published: January 2005

A novel method for simultaneous measurement of an average refractive index of the cholesteric LC cell and a cell gap of the filled LC cell has been proposed. It is based on spectrum analysis of light mirror reflected from a LC cell at different angles. This method can be applied to other types of liquid crystal cells and easily implemented in commercial instruments.
P‐34: Characterization and Improvement of Contrast Ratio And Color shift for Color Sequential LCD Applications
Authors: Ong Hiap L.
Published: January 2005

We present the correct method to find the optical transmission and contrast ratio for color sequential LCDs. The contrast ratio is shown to be significantly different than the static contrast ratio. We showed that the LC on and off response times, display top to bottom row write time, LED flash interval and delay times, have large effects on the color sequential CR and color shift. We also explore the top to bottom spatial variation on CR and color shift, and effects by viewing angle, gray level, LED wavelength and temperature. Methods to improve the CR and color shift are also presented.
P‐35: Fabrication and Characterization of Hg — Free Fluorescent Lamp
Authors: Lee H. C. , Lim S.
Published: January 2005

Mercury‐free fluorescent lamps were fabricated and characterized. Such gases as Xe, Ne, and He were used as discharge gases a d the plasma display phosphors were used. The luminance and efficiency of the fabricated lamp were 4,500 cd/m2 and 13 lm/W, respectively, when the mixture of Xe and Ne was used as discharge gas.
P‐36: LCD Planar Backlight Employing the External Electrode Fluorescent Lamps Driven by Square Pulses from Switching Inverter
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Sook , Joh Dai‐Geun , Kim Young‐Guon , Ko Jae‐Jun , Kim Dae‐Ill , Lee Chun‐Woo , Choi Eun‐Ha , Cho Guangsup , Hong Byoung‐Hee , Sohn Hong‐Kyun , Yu Byung‐kun
Published: January 2005

The planar luminaries with the external electrode fluorescent lamps arrayed on a flat panel for the LCD‐backlight have been improved by driving with the square pulses from a single switching inverter. With the square pulses of the driving frequency about 30 kHz, the high efficiency up to 40–70 lm/W and high brightness up to 30,000 cd/m2 along with the luminance uniformity 90% in the 15‐inch, 18‐inch, 21‐inch diagonal panels, respectively, could be obtained.
P‐38: LED Parallel Drive for AMLCD Backlighting
Authors: Weindorf P. , Lee E.
Published: January 2005

A unique LED parallel drive circuit has been developed for LCD backlighting. The circuit uses a current source feedback method to uniformly drive many LEDs and features low EMI, 5V supply operation, RGB white color balance, and open/short LED fault tolerance.
P‐39: DVI Compliance Test Using Test Point Access (TPA) Board and Equivalent Source Board (ESB)
Authors: Sung Baegin , Lee Eric , Jang Zeehoon , Hwang Seung Ho
Published: January 2005

The Digital Visual Interface (DVI) specification, released in 1999, has been widely implemented by computer OEMs, monitor makers, graphics board vendors, and cable manufacturers. Silicon implementations by several chip makers are now available on the market and thus validation of their DVI implementations and compliance with the DVI specification is a critical issue to ensure interoperability between the many possible combinations of transmitter and receiver chips and boards. To that end, the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG) recently published a DVI Test and Measurement Guide in addition to presenting a rigorous electrical specification in the original DVI standard. This paper reviews the DVI electrical specification and the Test and Measurement Guide and describes compliance tests performed on customized test boards which are called the Test Point Access (TPA) board and the Equivalent Source Board (ESB).
LP‐2: High Performance LCD Backlighting using High Intensity Red, Green and Blue Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Harbers Gerard , Hoelen Christoph
Published: January 2005

By using red, green, and blue (RGB) light emitting diodes (LEDs) instead of cold cathode fluorescent lamps in edge lit LCD backlights brightness and color performance (gamut) of LCD displays can be improved considerably. However: the design of an RGB‐LED backlight and electronic control need special attention: the colors of the separate LEDs need to be mixed well to obtain a good spatial color uniformity while a good balance between the red, green and blue levels has to be maintained to stabilize the white point. Additional features of an RGB‐LED backlight solution are: dynamic white point control (tune color point of backlight to LCD and/or displayed material), large dimming range, long lifetime, ruggedness, and the absence of mercury.
P‐46: New Color Changing Materials for OLED Microdisplays
Authors: Sokolik I. , Howard W. E. , Ghosh A. P. , Shershukov V. M. , Skripkina V. T. , Tolmachev A. V. , Voronkina N. I. , Dudkin V. A. , Pukha V. E. , Pishkin O. S.
Published: January 2005

Vacuum‐deposited and spin‐coated color changing media (CCM) films for use in color microdisplays with blue OLED emitters have been demonstrated with optical density 5.0 and 2.8 per micron at the maximum of absorption, respectively. CCM efficiency has been studied as a function of film thickness, dopant concentration and excitation wavelength.
P‐48: Pattering of OLED Cathodes by Metal Dry Etching
Authors: Pschenitza F. , Lu M.‐H. , Strum J. C.
Published: January 2005

A method to pattern the metal cathode of OLEDs by conventional photolithography and dry etching in a chlorine plasma is introduced. Sharp lines are obtained with feature sizes down to 20 μm. The performance of polymer LED fabricated this way is discussed. In addition, the growth of the non‐emissive region at the edge of the cathodes is analyzed in the context of this patterning technology.
P‐53: Preparation of Spherical BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ Phosphor by Aerosol Pyrolysis for PDP Application
Authors: Yoo Jae Soo , Jeon Byung Soo , Hong Gun Young , Yoo Young Kil
Published: January 2005

Preparation and luminescent characteristics of blue‐emitting BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor with spherical shape for PDP application has been investigated by aerosol pyrolysis technique. Phosphor particles with spherical morphology and narrow size distribution are being considered as a suitable material for screen luminescence and high resolution than irregular shaped particles obtained by solid‐state method. In this work, good morphology particles could be obtained by controlling process conditions such as synthesis temperature and solution concentration, and also photoluminescent characteristics of particles were compared to those of commercial particles under VUV excitation.
P‐54: Characteristics of Spherical Zn(Ga(1−x)Alx)2O4:Mn Phosphors by Aerosol Pyrolysis
Authors: Hong Gun Young , Yoo Young Kil , Yoo Jae Soo
Published: January 2005

Spherical zinc gallate phosphors were prepared by using aerosol pyrolysis method. The synthetic parameters such as post heat‐treatment temperature, activator concentration, and degree of reduction were optimized for the maximum CL intensity. For enhancing the CL luminous efficiency of phosphors, adjustments of lattice structure were also considered. It was sensitive to the crystal structure in host lattice, which would be engineered by Al‐concentration in ZnGa‐Al‐O system. Zinc alumino gallates particles with spherical shape showed the brightness of 550cd/m2 with color coordinate of x=0.1665 and y=0.6655 under an excitation of 400V, 50μ/cm2.
P‐58: Optimization of the Luminous Efficiency of Plasma Display Panels Using Numerical Modeling
Authors: Veronis Georgios , Inan Umran S.
Published: January 2005

A two‐dimensional model is used to study the effect of cell structure on the performance of PDPs. More specifically, the effect of the insertion of a floating conducting material between the dielectric layer and the MgO film on the performance of the device is investigated. The shape of the discharge power pulse is found to be significantly different in comparison with the corresponding pulse of the standard cell geometry. It is also found that this cell structure results in a more confined discharge.
P‐62: Dielectric Material Properties of CaF2for AC PDPs
Authors: Lee W. T. , Im S. J. , Hatanaka H. , Kim Y. M. , Lee J. W. , Lee Y. J. , Hong J. H. , Kim G. Y. , Park H. B. , Kim J. M. , Han J. G.
Published: January 2005

We present the discharge characteristics of new dielectric layers in AC‐ plasma display panels. Studies for dielectric layer of plasma display panels are performed using CaF2. In this paper, the real panel using CaF2dielectric layer is researched for material characteristics and discharge characteristics, and a color panel is demonstrated.
P‐65: High Speed‐Addressing Method for Single‐Scan of AC PDP
Authors: Yoo Jun‐Young , Min Byoung‐Kuk , Myoung Dae‐Jin , Lim Ken , You Eun‐Ho , Park Myoung‐Ho
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we propose a new structure of the priming discharge panel and the driving schemes in order to achieve high speed address driving. We inserted the priming electrode between two sustain electrode and applied the conventional driving waveform to the scan and sustain electrode, and the extra driving waveform to the priming electrode. Therefore, we realized the stable address with 1μsec data and scan pulse. This address with 1μsec scan pulse means that the single‐scan is possible in XGA or HD‐PDP and then the circuit‐cost can decrease.
P‐68: Electrical Measurements of Charge Migrations In Liquid Crystal displays
Authors: Zhang Shiyong , Lu Minhua , Libsch Frank
Published: January 2005

Residual current measurement and quasi‐static ramp I‐V method are introduced to investigate the charge migration processes in LCDs. Compared with the earlier proposed residual voltage measurement, these two methods are less environmentally sensitive, and thus, are more related to the internal charge migration process. Quasi‐static ramp I‐V measurement yields self‐consistent parameter extraction compared to direct residual current measurements. Measurement results of real LCD samples are illustrated and discussed.
8.1: New Insights Into the Degradation of Field Emission Displays
Authors: Reuss Robert H. , Chalamala Babu R.
Published: January 2005

Field emission displays can be seriously limited by the rapid current degradation of Mo field emitter arrays primarily due to poor vacuum conditions inside their thin vacuum packages. There have been a number of studies to understand the degradation mechanisms. However, we find that degradation models that have been proposed so far are not consistent with observed device behavior in a variety of gas ambients. In this paper, we present a summary of our results on residual gases inside field emission displays and the effects of these gases on emission behavior. We describe how these issues and the inter‐electrode spacing leading to local pressure buildup impact device life. We present an alternate model based on shallow ion implant to explain the device behavior.
P‐71: Optical Configuration for a Transflective Display Mode Using an Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Cell
Authors: Kim Sung‐Chul , Park Won Sang , Choi Duk Woon , Kang Jin Woo , Lee Gi‐Dong , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Kim Jae Chang
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we introduce an optical configuration of transflective AFLC display mode using a half‐wave AFLC cell in which in‐plane tilt angle is 22.5 °. Especially, a half‐wave cell provides very high brightness in the bright state as well as very low brightness in the dark state. The operational principles of reflective mode and transmissive mode follow those of AFLCDs and FLCDs, respectively. In case of reflective mode, it provides a high contrast, wide‐viewing angle and excellent dispersion characteristics owing to using wide‐band quarter‐wave film, and in case of transmissive mode, it also provides a high contrast and wide‐viewing angle.
P‐72: Novel Hybrid Addressing Schemes for SSFLC Displays Operating at Reduced Total Voltage
Authors: Beccherelli Romeo , Maltese Paolo
Published: January 2005

A novel principle of operation and a class of “hybrid” addressing schemes for multiplexed SSFLC displays are reported. These can be generated by two voltage level drivers. We present experimental regions of operation and compare these schemes with the state of the art. They can operate with voltages smaller than those suitable for faster “high voltage” schemes.
P‐77: A Simplified Model for the Director in Multidimensional LCDs
Authors: Panasyuk G. , Allender D. W. , Kelly J.
Published: January 2005

A model for describing the director and electric field for two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) liquid crystal displays (LCDs) with interdigitated electrodes located on one or both substrates is proposed. Calculations show good agreement between the model and direct computer solution of the Euler—Lagrange equations, but the model is about 30 times faster.
P‐78: A Design Optimization of the OCB‐Mode for the Application of Field‐Sequential Color Microdisplays
Authors: Kang Seung‐Gon , Lee Jong‐Seo , Hwang Hyun‐Ha , Cho Chul‐Shik
Published: January 2005

Taking advantages of both low viscosity properties in LC mixture and the transient effects in Optically‐Compensated Bend(OCB) cells, we have optimized the parameters of bend cells in order to get much faster optical response than conventional nematic modes. The optimized configuration features an on‐off response time of less than 0.5 ms for a 2 micron cell driven by ±3.5 V, which is sufficiently compatible with existing electronics. Such a display as adopting this optimized device configuration is an outstanding candidate for the field‐sequential color projection applications.
P‐79: Influence of Multiple Beam Interference on Azimuthal Anchoring Energy Measurement Using Liquid Crystals with Different Chiralities
Authors: Saitoh Yukito , Lien Alan
Published: January 2005

The influence of multiple beam interference on azimuthal anchoring energy measurement using liquid crystals with different chiralities was investigated using 4 * 4 matrix method. It is shown that there are suitable measurement conditions to minimize the influence of multiple beam interference, improving the anchoring energy measurement. Calculation results and the measurement method are discussed.
P‐82: Optical‐Strain Characteristics of Ordered Reactive Mesogen Birefringent Films for Viewing‐Angle Compensation
Authors: Escuti Michael J. , Cairns Darran R. , Vedrine Jose , Crawford Gregory P.
Published: January 2005

We have fabricated birefringent films from a photo‐polymerizable liquid crystal polymer. In‐situ transmission measurements of these ordered films under tensile strain were performed to examine the optical properties of a variety of director configurations. The optical response with increasing strain was modeled and a dual wavelength technique for measuring birefringence was developed.
P‐85: Simple Drive Scheme for Bistable Cholesteric LCDs
Authors: Rybalochka A. , Sorokin V. , Valyukh S. , Sorokin A.
Published: January 2005

In this paper we discuss a new dynamic drive scheme for bistable reflective cholesteric liquid crystal displays with high multiplexing level. Only two voltage levels (U and 0) are used for the addressing in this drive scheme. Addressing speed is about the time of the fast transition of a cholesteric liquid crystal from the homeotropic state to the transient planar state per line. The maximum value of using voltage is slightly overtop the critical voltage of a cholesteric‐nematic transition. These facts make this drive scheme very perspective in application for such kind of displays.
LP‐4: Late‐News Poster: Reflective Color Image‐Memory LCD Using Ferroelectric Film on LC Glass Substrate
Authors: Hara Yujiro , Onozuka Yutaka , Hioki Tsuyoshi , Ueda Tomomasa , Hasegawa Ray , Akiyama Masahiko
Published: January 2005

A 2.8″‐diagonal reflective image‐memory LCD using ferroelectric film for memory elements, which enables ultra‐low‐power consumption, is fabricated on a glass substrate for the first time. The asymmetrical feature of the hysteresis loop is improved by symmetrical ferroelectric capacitor configuration, and achieved an image‐memory color LCD with good quality.
LP‐5: Late‐News Poster: Thin Retardation Film for Parallax Free Reflective Guest‐Host Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Yamada Fumiaki , Nakano Daiju , Taira Yoichi , Hellermark Cecilia
Published: January 2005

Very thin quarter lambda plate was fabricated using liquid crystal polymer, aiming to use for parallax free high contrast G‐H reflective displays. UV curable LC polymer was aligned by either by rubbed polyimide or UV alignment process. The film was thin enough by optimization of monomer composition, so that the voltage loss was small enough when the film is placed between two electrodes inside cell. Contrast ratio of the G‐H cell using this film was almost comparable to that using commercially available dispersion compensated multiplayer film.
P‐90: The Anti‐Reflection Coating For A Wedge Flat Panel Projetion Display
Authors: Zhong Jiang Jian , Travis Adrian R. L. , Payne Frank P. , Moore John R.
Published: January 2005

A transparent wedge and video projector provide flat panel display, but small area contrast ratio depends on an anti‐reflection coating. In this paper, we explain how we achieved 99% transmittance at 0.36 ° beyond the critical angle.
P‐93: Experiments on Thermal Induced Effect of PBS for LCoS System
Authors: Ou C. R. , Lee W. T. , Yaung C. F. , Lin H. S. , Wu Y. L. , Yoo J. C.
Published: January 2005

ITRI/OES has developed a system for the measurements of LCoS systems. This equipment is designed to be an experimental toolkit for the study of different optical elements under different configurations and environments. Using this apparatus we performs several thermal experiments on a PBS. The experimental results indicate that the thermal effects on the PBS are conspicuous. An optimal working temperature is required for the PBS to get a good image quality. Experiments on stress birefringence effects of the PBS are also made.
8.4: Extremely High Electron Emitting Properties of Self‐Organized Carbon Nano‐Tips
Authors: Chung Suk Jae , Kim Hong Sik , Jang Jin , Lim Sung Hoon , Lee Choong Hun , Moon Byung Yeon
Published: January 2005

We developed self‐organized carbon nano‐tips using a high density plasma CVD. A C2H2/H2 mixture was used as source gas for the deposition. The carbon nano‐tips showed good adhesion to the substrate and exhibited a turn‐on field as low as 0.1 V/μm and uniform light emission from a phosphor screen.