bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinonasal Melanoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alves I. S. S. , Berriel L. G. S. , Alves R. T. , Pinto M. B. , Oliveira C. F. P. , Cazzotto A. C. , Moura W. V.
Published: January 2017

Purpose. Sinonasal malignant mucosal melanoma is a rare, aggressive tumour. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are the most commonly reported symptoms, although symptomatology may develop late and be nonspecific, which tends to delay diagnosis, resulting in a poorer prognosis.Case Report. This report describes a 64-year-old male patient with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Computed tomography of the facial sinuses revealed a large lesion in the right nasal cavity, with infiltration into the left cavity, ethmoidal cells, and erosion of the cribriform plate. Initial incisional biopsy revealed an undifferentiated carcinoma of the right maxillary sinus, staged as T4aN0M0. Induction chemotherapy was initiated with cisplatin and etoposide. Response to treatment was complete. The patient was then submitted to radiotherapy with concomitant cisplatin. Immunochemical analysis revealed positivity for vimentin, S100, and HMB-45 (human melanoma black 45), a result compatible with a diagnosis of malignant melanoma.Discussion. Due to the rarity of the tumour and the patient’s complete response to chemotherapy and since no blackened lesion had been found at the previous exam, treatment was continued as planned. The patient remains healthy, with no metastasis or recurrence. He is currently being monitored by the clinical oncology team.
Distribution of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of the Bay of Bengal Coast
Authors: Khan M. Z. H. , Hasan M. R. , Khan M. , Aktar S. , Fatema K.
Published: January 2017

The concentrations of major (Si, Al, Ca, Fe, and K) and minor (Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, U, Zn, Co, Cr, As, Cu, Rb, Sr, and Zr,) elements in the surficial sediments were studied in an attempt to establish their concentration in the Bengal coast. It was revealed that the majority of the trace elements have been introduced into the Bengal marine from the riverine inflows that are also affected by the impact of industrial, ship breaking yard, gas production plant, and urban wastes. The concentration of heavy metals was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence instruments. The highest concentrations for several trace elements were thus recorded which generally decrease with distance from the coast. It was observed that the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments generally met the criteria of international marine sediment quality. However, both the contamination factor and pollution load index values suggested the elevation of some metals’ concentrations in the region. Constant monitoring of the Bengal coast water quality needs to be recorded with a view to minimizing the risk of health of the population and the detrimental impacts on the aquatic ecosystem.
Dual Targeting of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Via Folate Receptor α and the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter with 6-Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Antifolates
Authors: Hou Zhanjun , Gattoc Leda , O'Connor Carrie , Yang Si , Wallace-Povirk Adrianne , George Christina , Orr Steve , Polin Lisa , White Kathryn , Kushner Juiwanna , Morris Robert T. , Gangjee Aleem , Matherly Larry H.
Published: January 2017

Folate uptake in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) involves the reduced folate carrier (RFC) and the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), both facilitative transporters and folate receptor (FR) α. Although in primary EOC specimens, FRα is widely expressed and increases with tumor stage, PCFT was expressed independent of tumor stage (by real-time RT-PCR and IHC). EOC cell line models, including cisplatin sensitive (IGROV1 and A2780) and resistant (SKOV3 and TOV112D) cells, expressed a 17-fold range of FRα and similar amounts (within ∼2-fold) of PCFT. Novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine thienoyl antifolates AGF94 and AGF154 exhibited potent antiproliferative activities toward all of the EOC cell lines, reflecting selective cellular uptake by FRα and/or PCFT over RFC. When IGROV1 cells were pretreated with AGF94 at pH 6.8, clonogenicity was potently inhibited, confirming cell killing. FRα was knocked down in IGROV1 cells with lentiviral shRNAs. Two FRα knockdown clones (KD-4 and KD-10) showed markedly reduced binding and uptake of [3H]folic acid and [3H]AGF154 by FRα, but maintained high levels of [3H]AGF154 uptake by PCFT compared to nontargeted control cells. In proliferation assays, KD-4 and KD-10 cells preserved in vitro inhibition by AGF94 and AGF154, compared to a nontargeted control, attributable to residual FRα- and substantial PCFT-mediated uptake. KD-10 tumor xenografts in severe-compromised immune-deficient mice were likewise sensitive to AGF94. Collectively, our results demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates with dual targeting of PCFT and FRα toward EOCs that express a range of FRα, along with PCFT, as well as cisplatin resistance. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 819–30. ©2017 AACR.
Ras–MEK Signaling Mediates a Critical Chk1-Dependent DNA Damage Response in Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Ho-June , Cao Yi , Pham Victoria , Blackwood Elizabeth , Wilson Catherine , Evangelista Marie , Klijn Christiaan , Stokoe David , Settleman Jeff
Published: January 2017

Cancer cell line profiling to identify previously unrecognized kinase dependencies revealed a novel nonmutational dependency on the DNA damage response checkpoint kinase Chk1. Although Chk1 is a promising therapeutic target in p53-deficient cancers, we found that Ras–MEK signaling engages Chk1 in a subset of osteosarcoma, ovarian, and breast cancer cells to enable their survival upon DNA damage, irrespective of p53 mutation status. Mechanistically, Ras–MEK signaling drives Chk1 expression and promotes cancer cell growth that produces genotoxic stress that requires Chk1 to mediate a response to the consequent DNA damage. Reciprocally, Chk1 engages a negative feedback loop to prevent hyperactivation of Ras–MEK signaling, thereby limiting DNA damage. Furthermore, exogenous DNA damage promotes Chk1 dependency, and pharmacologic Chk1 inhibition combined with genotoxic chemotherapy potentiates a DNA damage response and tumor cell killing. These findings reveal a mechanism-based diagnostic strategy to identify cancer patients that may benefit from Chk1-targeted therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 694–704. ©2017 AACR.
Preclinical Evaluation of Sequential Combination of Oncolytic Adenovirus Delta-24-RGD and Phosphatidylserine-Targeting Antibody in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dai Bingbing , Roife David , Kang Ya'an , Gumin Joy , Rios Perez Mayrim V. , Li Xinqun , Pratt Michael , Brekken Rolf A. , Fueyo-Margareto Juan , Lang Frederick F. , Fleming Jason B.
Published: January 2017

Delta-24-RGD (DNX-2401) is a conditional replication-competent oncolytic virus engineered to preferentially replicate in and lyse tumor cells with abnormality of p16/RB/E2F pathway. In a phase I clinical trial, Delta-24-RGD has shown favorable safety profile and promising clinical efficacy in brain tumor, which prompted us to evaluate its anticancer activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which also has high frequency of homozygous deletion and promoter methylation of CDKN2A encoding the p16 protein. Our results demonstrate that Delta-24-RGD can induce dramatic cytotoxicity in a subset of PDAC cell lines with high cyclin D1 expression. Induction of autophagy and apoptosis by Delta-24-RGD in sensitive PDAC cells was confirmed with LC3B-GFP autophagy reporter and acridine orange staining as well as Western blotting analysis of LC3B-II expression. Notably, we found that Delta-24-RGD induced phosphatidylserine exposure in infected cells independent of cells' sensitivity to Delta-24-RGD, which renders a rationale for combination of Delta-24-RGD viral therapy and phosphatidylserine targeting antibody for PDAC. In a mouse PDAC model derived from a liver metastatic pancreatic cancer cell line, Delta-24-RGD significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with control (P < 0.001), and combination of phosphatidylserine targeting antibody 1N11 further enhanced its anticancer activity (P < 0.01) possibly through inducing synergistic anticancer immune responses. Given that these 2 agents are currently in clinical evaluation, our study warrants further clinical evaluation of this novel combination strategy in pancreatic cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 662–70. ©2016 AACR.
Suppression of the Growth and Invasion of Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas via Regulating STAT3 Signaling and the miR-21/β-catenin Axis with HJC0152
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Sinan , Wu Yansheng , Ren Yu , Li Zhaoqing , Yao Xiaofeng , Zhang Chao , Ye Na , Jing Chao , Dong Jiabin , Zhang Kailiang , Sun Shanshan , Zhao Minghui , Guo Wenyu , Qu Xin , Qiao Yu , Chen Haiying , Kong Lingping , Jin Rui , Wang Xudong , Zhang Lun , Zhou Jia , Shen Qiang , Zhou Xuan
Published: January 2017

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in the tumor growth and metastasis of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is therefore a target with therapeutic potential. In this study, we show that HJC0152, a recently developed anticancer agent and a STAT3 signaling inhibitor, exhibits promising antitumor effects against HNSCC both in vitro and in vivo via inactivating STAT3 and downstream miR-21/β-catenin axis. HJC0152 treatment efficiently suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at the G0–G1 phase, induced apoptosis, and reduced cell invasion in both SCC25 and CAL27 cell lines. Moreover, HJC0152 inhibited nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 at Tyr705 and decreased VHL/β-catenin signaling activity via regulation of miR-21. Loss of function of VHL remarkably compromised the antitumor effect of HJC0152 in both cell lines. In our SCC25-derived orthotopic mouse models, HJC0152 treatment significantly abrogated STAT3/β-catenin expression in vivo, leading to a global decrease of tumor growth and invasion. With its favorable aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability, HJC0152 holds the potential to be translated into the clinic as a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with HNSCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 578–90. ©2017 AACR.
Anti-KIT Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors by Reversing Tumor-Induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Garton Andrew J. , Seibel Scott , Lopresti-Morrow Lori , Crew Linda , Janson Neal , Mandiyan Sreekala , Trombetta E. Sergio , Pankratz Shannon , LaVallee Theresa M. , Gedrich Richard
Published: January 2017

The receptor tyrosine kinase KIT is an established oncogenic driver of tumor growth in certain tumor types, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors, in which constitutively active mutant forms of KIT represent an actionable target for small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. There is also considerable potential for KIT to influence tumor growth indirectly based on its expression and function in cell types of the innate immune system, most notably mast cells. We have evaluated syngeneic mouse tumor models for antitumor effects of an inhibitory KIT mAb, dosed either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Anti-KIT mAb treatment enhanced the antitumor activity of anti–CTLA-4 and anti–PD-1 mAbs, and promoted immune responses by selectively reducing the immunosuppressive monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell population and by restoring CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell populations to levels observed in naïve mice. These data provide a rationale for clinical investigation of the human KIT-specific mAb KTN0158 in novel immuno-oncology combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapeutic agents across a range of tumor types. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 671–80. ©2017 AACR.
Association of Pregnancy Complications and Characteristics With Future Risk of Elevated Blood Pressure
Authors: Parikh Nisha I. , Norberg Margareta , Ingelsson Erik , Cnattingius Sven , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Domellöf Magnus , Jansson Jan Håkan , Edstedt Bonamy Anna-Karin
Published: January 2017

Pregnancy characteristics are associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases, but their independent associations with hypertension or blood pressure (BP) levels remain uncertain. We linked the Swedish Medical Birth Register with Västerbotten Intervention Program data (Northern Sweden). Using linear and logistic regression, we related pregnancy factors in any prior pregnancy with BP and hypertension at 40 years of age in 15 896 parous women free of prepregnancy hypertension. Pregnancy factors included parity, age at first delivery, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, placental abruption, shortest gestational age small for gestational age baby (<third percentile for birth weight) or stillbirth. We defined hypertension as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg or antihypertensive use. Multivariable models were adjusted for all pregnancy factors and potential lifestyle and sociodemographic confounders. At 40 years of age, 1535 women (9.6%) had hypertension. In multivariable models, lower parity, younger age at first birth, preeclampsia, small for gestational age, and placental abruption were independently associated with higher systolic and diastolic BP levels at 40 years of age. Younger age at first birth, preeclampsia, gestational age <32 versus ≥37 weeks, and small for gestational age were independently associated with hypertension. Our findings raise the possibility that earlier and more frequent BP screening may be desirable in women with these pregnancy characteristics.
Nuclear markers support the mitochondrial phylogeny of Vipera ursinii–renardi complex (Squamata: Viperidae) and species status for the Greek meadow viper
Authors: MIZSEI EDVÁRD , JABLONSKI DANIEL , ROUSSOS STEPHANOS A. , DIMAKI MARIA , IOANNIDIS YANNIS , NILSON GÖRAN , NAGY ZOLTÁN T.
Published: January 2017

Meadow vipers (Vipera ursinii–renardi complex) are small-bodied snakes that live in either lowland grasslands or montane subalpine-alpine meadows spanning a distribution from France to western China. This complex has previously been the focus of several taxonomic studies which were based mainly on morphological, allozyme or immunological characters and did not clearly resolve the relationships between the various taxa. Recent mitochondrial DNA analyses found unexpected relationships within the complex which had taxonomical consequences for the detected lineages. The most surprising was the basal phylogenetic position of Vipera ursinii graeca, a taxon described almost 30 years ago from the mountains of Greece. We present here new analyses of three nuclear markers (BDNF, NT3, PRLR; a first for studies of meadow and steppe vipers) as well as analyses of newly obtained mitochondrial DNA sequences (CYT B, ND4).Our Bayesian analyses of nuclear sequences are concordant with previous studies of mitochondrial DNA, in that the phylogenetic position of the graeca clade is a clearly distinguished and distinct lineage separated from all other taxa in the complex. These phylogenetic results are also supported by a distinct morphology, ecology and isolated distribution of this unique taxon. Based on several data sets and an integrative species concept we recommend to elevate this taxon to species level: Vipera graeca Nilson & Andrén, 1988 stat. nov.
Impact Assessment of Himawari-8 AHI Data Assimilation in NCEP GDAS/GFS with GSI
Authors: Ma Zaizhong , Maddy Eric S. , Zhang Banglin , Zhu Tong , Boukabara Sid Ahmed
Published: January 2017

As the first of the next-generation geostationary meteorological satellites, Himawari-8 was successfully launched in October 2014 by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and placed over the western Pacific Ocean domain at 140.7°E. It carries the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI), which provides full-disk images of Earth at 16 bands in the visible and infrared domains every 10 min. Efforts are currently ongoing at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) to assimilate Himawari-8 AHI radiance measurements into the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system (GSI). All software development within the GSI to allow for assimilation of Himawari-8 AHI radiance has been completed.

This study reports on the assessment of AHI preassimilation data quality by comparing observed clear-sky ocean-only radiances to those simulated using collocated ECMWF analysis, as well as describing procedures implemented for quality control. The impact of the AHI data assimilation on the resulting analyses and forecasts is then assessed using the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS). A preliminary assessment of the assimilation of AHI data from infrared water vapor channels and atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) on top of the current global observing system shows neutral to marginal positive impact on analysis and forecast skill relative to an assimilation without AHI data. The main positive impact occurs for short- to medium-range forecasts of global upper-tropospheric water vapor. The results demonstrate the feasibility of direct assimilation of AHI radiances and highlight how humidity information can be extracted within the assimilation system.
Toward a Theory of Using History Authentically: Historicizing in the Carlsberg Group
Authors: Hatch Mary Jo , Schultz Majken
Published: January 2017

Drawing on interviews, archival material, and observation, this article investigates how and why, on two different occasions, actors at the Carlsberg Group headquartered in Denmark were inspired to use a particular historical artifact, the Latin phrase Semper Ardens, carved above a doorway. Used first as the inspiration for naming a new line of handcrafted beers, ten years later it became the motto featured in the company’s identity statement. Findings describe a temporal pattern of micro-level activities that accounts for how actors used this historical material and, in doing so, lent the authenticity of history to their actions, a phenomenon we term organizational historicizing. Analysis of historicizing activities revealed five micro-processes: rediscovering, recontextualizing, reclaiming, renewing, and re-embedding of an artifact in organizational history. Relationships between the micro-processes, explained in terms of authenticity, power, and identity, are theorized in a process model describing organizational historicizing. The findings show the importance of history when establishing claims to authenticity and how history becomes relevant to present and future activities. We also show that latent history can be revived for use in future historicizing.
Do Public Fund Windfalls Increase Corruption? Evidence From a Natural Disaster
Authors: Nikolova Elena , Marinov Nikolay
Published: January 2017

We show that unexpected financial windfalls increase corruption in local government. Our analysis uses a new data set on flood-related transfers, and the associated spending infringements, which the Bulgarian central government distributed to municipalities following torrential rains in 2004 and 2005. Using information from the publicly available audit reports, we are able to build a unique objective index of corruption. We also exploit the quasi-random nature of the rainfall shock (conditional on controls for ground flood risk) to isolate exogenous variation in the amount of funds received by each municipality. Our results imply that a 10% increase in the per capita amount of disbursed funds leads to a 9.8% increase in corruption. We also present suggestive evidence that more corrupt mayors anticipated punishment by voters and dropped out of the next election race. Our results highlight the governance pitfalls of nontax transfers, such as disaster relief or assistance from international organizations, even in moderately strong democracies.
Administrator Observation and Feedback: Does It Lead Toward Improvement in Inquiry-Oriented Math Instruction?
Authors: Rigby Jessica G. , Larbi-Cherif Adrian , Rosenquist Brooks A. , Sharpe Charlotte J. , Cobb Paul , Smith Thomas
Published: January 2017

Purpose: This study examines the content and efficacy of instructional leaders’ expectations and feedback (press) in relation to the improvement of middle school mathematics teachers’ instruction in the context of coherent systems of supports. Research Method/Approach: This mixed methods study is a part of a larger, 8-year longitudinal study in four large urban school districts across the United States. We used transcripts of interview data, surveys, and video recordings of instruction of 271 cases, over 4 years, to determine the content of administrator press, as reported by teachers, and the relationship between the content and change (if any) in instruction. To do so we used qualitative coding of interview transcripts, and ran a series of statistical models to examine the nature of the variance in and impact of administrative press. Findings: Most of the administrators’ press, as reported by teachers, was not targeted toward specific teachers’ mathematics instruction in ways that would likely lead toward improvement in those practices. Rather, the press focused on content-neutral instructional practices or classroom management and organization. Implications for Research and Practice: The instructional leadership practice of administrator observation and feedback is widespread, yet understudied as it relates to changes in teacher practice. Our findings indicate that current policies that mandate principals to spend substantial time in classrooms are unlikely to result in significant improvements in the quality of instruction unless meaningful resources are invested to support administrator learning.
Rural Gifted Education and the Effect of Proximity
Authors: Puryear Jeb S. , Kettler Todd
Published: January 2017

Gifted education services in rural districts typically lag behind those in nonrural areas. Using district classifications assigned by the National Center for Education Statistics and Texas school district data ( n = 1,029) from the Academic Excellence Indicator System, the role of school district classification on gifted education outcomes was investigated. Contextual variables such as school demographics and school size were also examined. The study focused on rural and town school districts which are further classified as fringe, distant, or remote (level of proximity) within those two broad categories. Results of one-way multivariate analysis of variance indicated an effect of proximity for both rural and town districts on both contextual variables and gifted education outcomes. Additionally, rural fringe districts were found to be more similar to districts not classified as rural (i.e., urban, suburban, town) than to rural distant and rural remote districts. Findings offer important implications for both the support for gifted education in rural settings and the usefulness of the census codes as an indicator in educational research.
How emotional intelligence relates to job satisfaction and burnout in public service jobs
Authors: Lee Hyun Jung
Published: January 2017

Public service workers require higher levels of emotional intelligence because most public service jobs involve emotionally intense work focused on service to the public. Moreover, such emotional work may lead to a high degree of burnout and job dissatisfaction, which directly relates to organizational outcomes. Focusing on public service workers, the present study investigates the relationships between the dimensions of emotional intelligence and job satisfaction, on the one hand, and the dimensions of emotional intelligence and burnout, on the other. In the sample of 167 public service workers in the US, using employed structural equation modeling, the findings reveal that emotion regulation is significantly and negatively related to burnout and that emotional self-awareness is significantly and positively related to job satisfaction.

Points for practitioners

This study contributes to understanding the relationship between the emotional intelligence dimension and burnout, and the emotional intelligence dimension and job satisfaction, in public service jobs. Emotional intelligence plays a significant role for public service workers whose work involves emotionally intense job characteristics. The findings show that training in emotional intelligence abilities may increase job satisfaction and decrease burnout. Practitioners and professionals working in public management and administration may consider measures of emotional intelligence, especially emotional self-awareness and emotion regulation, in the recruitment process to select potentially effective job applicants.
Black Thoughts Matter
Authors: Raju C. K.
Published: January 2017

In postapartheid South Africa, Whites dominate academics and Black students are agitating for decolonization. Decolonization requires contesting the false history of science used to set up colonial education essential to colonization—the same false history that was used to morally justify racism, by asserting the noncreativity of Blacks. The “evidence” for this false history is often faith-based, so White-controlled academics disallows any open discussion. Furthermore, this false history is sustained by another trick: a little known interplay between history and philosophy. Thus, geometry has been credited to Greeks on the ground that they had a “superior” philosophy of mathematics as deductive proof. In fact, the “Pythagorean” proposition had no valid deductive proof before the 20th century. Furthermore, this claim of philosophical “superiority” was never academically debated, and is not allowed to be. A recent attempt to explain the falsehood of this claim, along with the counterevidence against purported Greek achievements in math, was publicly censored. In fact, in Egypt, Iraq, and India, there was a different and immensely superior understanding of the “Pythagorean” proposition, which superior way was not grasped in the West, resulting in its persistent navigational problems until the late 18th century.
A Twin Study on Perceived Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Marriage
Authors: Beam Christopher R. , Dinescu Diana , Emery Robert , Turkheimer Eric
Published: January 2017

Marriage is associated with reductions in both perceived stress and depressive symptoms, two constructs found to be influenced by common genetic effects. A study of sibling twins was used to test whether marriage decreases the proportion of variance in depressive symptoms accounted for by genetic and environmental effects underlying perceived stress. The sample consisted of 1,612 male and female twin pairs from the University of Washington Twin Registry. The stress-buffering role of marriage was tested relative to two unmarried groups: the never married and the divorced. Multivariate twin models showed that marriage reduced genetic effects of perceived stress on depressive symptoms but did not reduce environmental effects. The findings suggest a potential marital trade-off for women: access to a spouse may decrease genetic effects of perceived stress on depressive symptoms, although marital and family demands may increase environmental effects of perceived stress on depressive symptoms.
A Quantitative Study of Right Dislocation in Cantonese Spoken Discourse
Authors: Lai Christy Choi-Ting , Law Sam-Po , Kong Anthony Pak-Hin
Published: January 2017

Right Dislocation (RD) has been suggested to be a focus marking device carrying an affective function motivated by limited planning time in conversation. The current study investigated the effects of genre type, planning load and affective function on the use of RD in Cantonese monologues. Discourse data were extracted from a recently developed corpus of oral narratives in Cantonese Chinese containing language samples from 144 native Cantonese speakers evenly distributed in age, education levels and gender. Three genre types representing different structures, styles and degrees of topic familiarity were chosen for an RD analysis: procedural description, story-telling and recount of personal event. The results revealed that genre types and planning load influenced the rate of RD occurrence. (1) Specifically, the lowest proportion of RD occurred in procedural description, assumed to be the most structured genre; whereas the highest rate was found in personal event recount, considered to be the most stylized and less structured genre. (2) The highest proportion of RD appeared near the end of a narrative, where heavier cognitive load is demanded compared with the beginning of a narrative; moreover, RD also tended to co-occur with disfluency. (3) There was a high percentage of RD tokens in the personal event recount for expressing explicit emotions; and (4) a lower rate of occurrence of RD was found in monologues than previous studies based on conversations. The overall findings suggest that the use of RD is sensitive to genre structure and style, as well as planning load effects.
Neither Repression Nor Concession? A Regime’s Attrition against Mass Protests
Authors: Yuen Samson , Cheng Edmund W
Published: January 2017

Protest activists employ various strategies to challenge regimes, and regimes deploy multifaceted tactics to respond to such challenges. Existing studies on regime protest responses focus on repression and concession, but little attention is devoted to toleration, which is often regarded as government inaction. Drawing on primary sources and interviews, this article analyses regime responses to Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement to expand the conceptualisation of toleration. First, it demonstrates that regimes adapt multiple strategies to protesters’ reactions rather than adhering to a single response. Second, it shows that toleration, other than ignoring protests, entails proactive tactics that we summarise as attrition. While ‘tolerating’ street occupation, the regime sought to eliminate political opportunities by maintaining elite cohesion, increase participation costs by mobilising countermovements and bolster legitimacy by leveraging the court as a revered institution. This new conceptual distinction thus captures regime innovation in counteracting protests and broadens the typology of regime responses.
Engagement in the Hepatitis C Care Cascade Among Homeless Veterans, 2015
Authors: Noska Amanda J. , Belperio Pamela S. , Loomis Timothy P. , O’Toole Thomas P. , Backus Lisa I.
Published: January 2017

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the largest provider of hepatitis C virus (HCV) care nationally and provides health care to >200 000 homeless veterans each year. We used the VHA’s Corporate Data Warehouse and HCV Clinical Case Registry to evaluate engagement in the HCV care cascade among homeless and nonhomeless veterans in VHA care in 2015. We estimated that, among 242 740 homeless veterans in care and 5 424 712 nonhomeless veterans in care, 144 964 (13.4%) and 188 156 (3.5%), respectively, had chronic HCV infection. Compared with nonhomeless veterans, homeless veterans were more likely to be diagnosed with chronic HCV infection and linked to HCV care but less likely to have received antiviral therapy despite comparable sustained virologic response rates. Homelessness should not necessarily preclude HCV treatment eligibility with available all-oral antiviral regimens.
Effect of the frictional coefficient and pre-tension on stress distribution of fabric during the weaving process
Authors: Ying Zhiping , Wu Zhenyu , Hu Xudong , Zhou Xiangqing
Published: January 2017

The non-uniform stress distribution of woven fabric has a significant influence not only on its mechanical performance in service, but also on its weaving efficiency in the fabrication process. For investigating the stress distribution in woven fabric, a numerical model at the yarn scale was established to simulate the interlacing process between the weft and warp yarns using an explicit finite element solver. The yarns were assumed to be a homogeneous continuum and the transversal isotropic constitutive equation was used. A modified lenticular initial shape was used as the cross-section of the yarn and trajectories of warp and weft yarns were set to be straight. The classical Amonton–Coulomb law was used for the tangential behavior between the weft and warp yarns. The simulation results reveal that the interaction between weft and warp yarns consists of three phases in terms of contact, adhesion and sliding. The sectional stress distribution in the weft yarn determined by multi-points contact between a single weft yarn and a group of warp yarns was also analyzed. The tension stress of the weft yarn was larger in the middle part than that in both sides. Based on the numerical model, the effects of two key parameters, namely the frictional coefficient and weft pre-tension, on the stress distribution were discussed in detail. The weft crimp angle and warp tension distribution uniformity decreased as the frictional coefficient decreased, whereas the warp tension fluctuation range did not obviously decrease. However, an improved method by exerting pre-tension in two ends of weft yarn was proposed and the warp tension fluctuation range was significantly decreased. The distribution trend of warp tension obtained from the numerical simulation showed an acceptable tendency with experiment measurements.
A new acrylamide- glyoxal-based, formaldehyde-free elastic and stiffness finishing process for silk fabric
Authors: Feng Hanfang , Wu Yanfan , Feng Xuemei , Zhong Ling , Zhang Fengxiu , Zhang Guangxian
Published: January 2017

A new formaldehyde-free reagent based on acrylamide and glyoxal was synthesized to improve the elasticity, stiffness, and weight gain of silk fabric. The finishing process could be completed rapidly in 20 seconds. The results showed that the elasticity, stiffness, and weight gain of silk fabric were efficiently improved. The stiffness was improved from 0.03 to 0.88 N·m, the delayed crease recovery angle was increased from 240° to 288.6°, and the weight gain could reach 18.1%. The finished silk fabrics were durable. The breaking strength and tear strength were substantially increased, and the whiteness of the silk was well maintained. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the surface of the finished silk remained smooth. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis indicated the finishing reagent reacted on the silk, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that a new crystalline phase formed during the finishing process.
A Critical Examination of Asian Students’ Interracial and Interethnic Friendships at a Multiracial Urban School
Authors: Wu Ming-Hsuan
Published: January 2017

This study examines Asian students’ interracial/interethnic friendships at a multiracial middle school. Friendship groups remain predominantly segregated despite the school’s efforts, reflecting community and parental influences. The circulation of uncontested stereotypes such as “loud” and “brash” African Americans is based on normative ideas of communicative styles, making some Asian students hesitant to be friends with their African American peers. There also exists an Asian hierarchy where Chinese students look down upon Cambodian students who befriend African American students. This study demonstrates Asian students’ construction of their social networks is inseparable from the construction of Whiteness in the broader society.
The influence of hukou and college education in China’s labour market
Authors: Xiao Yang , Bian Yanjie
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the impact of hukou and college education on job placement and wage attainment for Chinese rural migrant workers in the cities. The analysis of the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey shows that when rural-born individuals gain both urban hukou and college education, they enjoy equal job-sector placement and they earn significantly higher wages than the college-educated locals. But in the absence of a rural-to-urban hukou transfer, migrants have fewer opportunities to go to college than local peers, and even college education does not gain a migrant an equal chance of working in the state sector or receiving equal earnings. A major contribution of this study is to suggest a nine-category analytic scheme, which takes into account how education, hukou and type of workplace affect one another in jointly influencing labour market inequality between rural migrants and urbanite workers.
The Farm in the City in the Recent Past: Thoughts on a More Inclusive Urban Historiography
Authors: Glasser Ruth
Published: January 2017

The scholarly and journalistic literature usually treats urban agriculture as a new phenomenon, but it is a neglected dimension of urban history. Some U.S. cities, at least in the Northeast, had food-raising and processing practices not just in colonial times but up until the relatively recent past. Three areas of history are explored that have mostly omitted discussion of city food production but nonetheless provide important frameworks to explore such production: urban development, agricultural, and immigrant history. Woven throughout this piece is evidence from a study of Waterbury, Connecticut. Local food production did not die when the Industrial Revolution came to Waterbury. Farms and other food-producing, processing, and marketing operations remained and even adapted to the growing city’s needs and resources. The city government both supported and undermined agriculture in ways that add to an understanding of urban history and are lessons for current urban agriculture policy.
A Social Recognition Approach to Autonomy
Authors: Renger Daniela , Renger Sophus , Miché Marcel , Simon Bernd
Published: January 2017

Inspired by philosophical reasoning about the connection between equality and freedom, we examined whether experiences of (equality-based) respect increase perceived autonomy. This link was tested with generalized experiences of respect and autonomy people make in their daily lives (Study 1) and with more specific experiences of employees at the workplace (Study 2). In both studies, respect strongly and independently contributed to perceived autonomy over and above other forms of social recognition (need-based care and achievement-based social esteem) and further affected (life/work) satisfaction. Study 3 experimentally confirmed the hypothesized causal influence of respect on perceived autonomy and demonstrated that this effect further translates into social cooperation. The respect–cooperation link was simultaneously mediated by perceived autonomy and superordinate collective identification. We discuss how the recognition approach, which differentiates between respect, care, and social esteem, can enrich research on autonomy.
Malnutrition in Patients With Cancer: Comparison of Perceptions by Patients, Relatives, and Physicians—Results of the NutriCancer2012 Study
Authors: Gyan Emmanuel , Raynard Bruno , Durand Jean‐Philippe , Lacau Saint Guily Jean , Gouy Sébastien , Movschin Marie Lespiau , Khemissa Faiza , Flori Nicolas , Oziel‐Taieb Sandrine , Bannier Braticevic Cécile , Zeanandin Gilbert , Hebert Christophe , Savinelli Francesco , Goldwasser François , Hébuterne Xavier ,   for the NutriCancer2012 Investigator Group
Published: January 2017

Background: Malnutrition is a critical predictor of toxicity and outcome in patients with cancer and may be perceived differently by patients, relatives, and physicians. Aims: To assess the prevalence of malnutrition in oncology departments and to compare it with the perceptions of nutrition status by patients themselves, their closest relatives, and attending physicians. Materials and Methods: A 1‐day multicentric cross‐sectional survey on the prevalence of malnutrition was conducted in different oncology departments using patient‐, relative‐, and physician‐specific questionnaires. Malnutrition was defined by a weight loss ≥5% within 1 month or ≥10% within 6 months, a body mass index ≤18.5 kg/m2 in patients aged <70 years or ≤21 kg/m2 in patients aged ≥70 years, and/or albuminemia <35 g/L. Questionnaires for assessing medical condition, knowledge of nutrition status, and perceptions of the impact of malnutrition on daily life were distributed to consenting patients, attending physicians, and closest relatives. Results: A total of 2197 patients were included, and 2071 and 976 questionnaires were collected from patients and relatives, respectively. Prevalence of malnutrition was 39%. Physicians overestimated malnutrition (44%), whereas patients and relatives underestimated it (22% and 23%, respectively, P < .001). Conversely, malnutrition‐associated symptoms were underestimated by physicians compared with patients and relatives. Conclusion: We found a prevalence of malnutrition of 39%: it was underestimated by patients and relatives and overestimated by physicians.
Set Up to Fail: Explaining When Women-Led Businesses Are More Likely to Fail
Authors: Yang Tiantian , del Carmen Triana María
Published: January 2017

Drawing on role congruity theory, we examine whether and when women-led ventures are more likely to fail than men-led ventures. We investigate the relationship between the gender of the leading entrepreneur and business failure and three important moderators of this relationship: whether the leadership assignment is consistent with merit, whether the venture operates in a female-dominated industry, and whether the venture is operated by a spousal team. Drawing on a unique, nationally representative data set of entrepreneurial firms sampled from the U.S. population in 2005 and followed yearly until 2011, we demonstrate that female entrepreneurs’ businesses are more likely to fail than those of their male counterparts. Regarding the moderating effects, our results show that female entrepreneurs’ businesses are more likely to fail when their merit-based competence is inferior to that of their cofounders. However, in the same scenario, male entrepreneurs are still able to lead their businesses successfully. We also find that women entrepreneurs’ disadvantages in leading new businesses are amplified in contexts that many have expected to be supportive of women, including in industries dominated by women and within spousal teams. Together, our results suggest that women’s disadvantages in leading their businesses may be perpetuated by gender beliefs that discount women’s leadership. Based on our findings, we discuss our contributions to theory and practice, and we offer implications for future research.
Particle-induced Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis and Subsequent Inflammation and Fibrosis: A Toxicologic and Pathologic Review
Authors: Bomhard Ernst M.
Published: January 2017

This review analyzes the published data on cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in workers inhaling crystalline aluminum, indium, silicon, and titanium particles and possible sequelae, that is, inflammation and fibrosis, and compares these findings with those from animal experiments. In inhalation studies in rodents using crystalline indium and gallium compounds, pronounced PAP followed by inflammation and fibrosis down to very low concentration ranges have been reported. Crystalline aluminum, silicon, and titanium compounds also induced comparable pulmonary changes in animals, though at higher exposure levels. Laboratory animal species appear to react to the induction of PAP with varying degrees of sensitivity. The sensitivity of humans to environmental causes of PAP seems to be relatively low. Up to now, no cases of PAP, or other pulmonary diseases in humans, have been described for gallium compounds. However, a hazard potential can be assumed based on the results of animal studies. Specific particle properties, responsible for the induction of PAP and its sequelae, have not been identified. This review provides indications that, both in animal studies and in humans, PAP is not often recognized due to the absence of properly directed investigation or is concealed behind other forms of lung pathology.
Correlation between Subjective Nasal Patency and Intranasal Airflow Distribution
Authors: Casey Kevin P. , Borojeni Azadeh A. T. , Koenig Lisa J. , Rhee John S. , Garcia Guilherme J. M.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

(1) Analyze the relationship between intranasal airflow distribution and subjective nasal patency in healthy and nasal airway obstruction (NAO) cohorts using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). (2) Determine whether intranasal airflow distribution is an important objective measure of airflow sensation that should be considered in future NAO virtual surgery planning.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

Academic tertiary medical center and academic dental clinic.

Subjects and Methods

Three‐dimensional models of nasal anatomy were created based on computed tomography scans of 15 patients with NAO and 15 healthy subjects and used to run CFD simulations of nasal airflow and mucosal cooling. Subjective nasal patency was quantified with a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE). Regional distribution of nasal airflow (inferior, middle, and superior) was quantified in coronal cross sections in the narrowest nasal cavity. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to quantify the correlation between subjective scores and regional airflows.

Results

Healthy subjects had significantly higher middle airflow than patients with NAO. Subjective nasal patency had no correlation with inferior and superior airflows but a high correlation with middle airflow (|r| = 0.64 and |r| = 0.76 for VAS and NOSE, respectively). Anterior septal deviations tended to shift airflow inferiorly, reducing middle airflow and reducing mucosal cooling in some patients with NAO.

Conclusion

Reduced middle airflow correlates with the sensation of nasal obstruction, possibly due to a reduction in mucosal cooling in this region. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of intranasal airflow distribution in the sensation of nasal airflow.
Social Sciences between the Systems: The Ecuadorian University between Science, Education, Politics and Economy
Authors: Altmann Philipp
Published: January 2017

Universities are, like all organizations, at the intersection of different functional subsystems. They are not only dedicated to research (science) and teaching (education) but are also place for communications that form part of politics, economics and so on. But, what happens to universities, and, more precisely, social sciences in university, if the social system they work in is not differentiated in the way the social sciences in the Global North are used to? What if there is no clear distinction between science and politics? Does academic autonomy lead in this situation to some kind of ‘university as a subsystem’, complete with its own code and autopoiesis? Or will the different subsystems de-differentiate increasingly, as predicted by Luhmann?

This contribution will analyse social sciences in Ecuadorian universities as an example for organizations at the intersection of functional systems that are not fully differentiated. The development, the operative closure, the institutionalization and the self-production of a concrete discipline under constant pressure of other social systems will be analysed. The goal is a further insight into processes of differentiation in the Global South and the role of institutions in these processes. Part of this is the attempt to actualize and criticize Niklas Luhmann’s approach of systems theory to regions outside of the Global North.

JEL: O300, Z130
Causes of party conflicts in local politics
Authors: Skoog Louise , Karlsson David
Published: January 2017

This article shows how two forms of party conflict (political dissent and antagonistic behaviour) are related but explained by different factors. It is therefore of utmost importance to distinguish between the two forms of conflict. Political dissent is mainly explained by the size of demos while social fragmentation, fiscal stress and party contestation increase antagonistic behaviour. The presence of a local protest party inflates both forms of conflict. Surprisingly, party contestation has less impact on conflict levels than earlier studies have suggested. The study builds on data from a unique survey conducted among all councillors in the 290 municipalities in Sweden.