bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baseball Head Impacts to the Non-Helmeted and Helmeted Hydrid III ATD
Authors: Yang Nicholas H. , Rodowicz Kathleen Allen , Dainty David
Published: March 2015

Traumatic brain injury may occur in baseball due to a head impact with a thrown, pitched, or batted ball. It has been shown that the average pitching speed of youth pitchers and high school pitchers is approximately 63 mph (28 m/s) and 74 mph (33 m/s), respectively. At pitching speeds of approximately 52 mph (23 m/s), the bat exit velocity (BEV) for metal bats has been shown to be approximately 100 mph (45 m/s). Head kinematics, such as linear and angular head accelerations, are often used to establish head injury risk for head impacts. With a possible ball impact velocity reaching speeds in excess of those typically tested for baseball headgear, it is necessary to understand how the head will respond to high velocity impacts in both helmeted and non-helmeted situations. In this study, head impacts were delivered to the front and side of a Hybrid III 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD) by a baseball traveling at speeds of 60 mph (27 m/s), 75 mph (34 m/s), and 100 mph (45 m/s). Head impacts were performed on the non-helmeted ATD head and with the ATD wearing a standard batting helmet certified in accordance with the NOCSAE standard. The Hybrid III headform was instrumented with a nine accelerometer array to measure linear accelerations of the head and determine angular accelerations. Peak resultant linear head accelerations for the non-helmeted ATD were approximately 200–400 g for frontal impacts and approximately 220–480 g for lateral impacts. Peak resultant angular head accelerations for the non-helmeted condition were approximately 17,000–32,000 rad/s2 for frontal impacts and approximately 30,000–60,000 rad/s2 for lateral impacts. For the helmeted ATD, peak resultant linear accelerations of the head were approximately 70–300 g for frontal impacts and approximately 80–360 g for lateral impacts. Peak resultant angular head accelerations for the helmeted ATD were approximately 5,000–14,000 rad/s2 for frontal impacts and approximately 7,500–30,000 rad/s2 for lateral impacts. HIC values for the non-helmeted ATD were approximately 193–1,025 for frontal impacts and approximately 241–1,588 for lateral impacts. SI values for the non-helmeted ATD were approximately 235–1,267 for frontal impacts and approximately 285–1,844 for lateral impacts. HIC values for the helmeted ATD were approximately 16–415 for frontal impacts and approximately 23–585 for lateral impacts. SI values for the helmeted ATD were approximately 25–521 for frontal impacts and approximately 32–708 for lateral impacts. In comparison to the non-helmeted condition, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of a batting helmet in mitigating head accelerations for the frontal and lateral impact conditions tested.
Design of Elastic Element and Controller Algorithm
Authors: Shen Zhuohua , Zhang Junming , Anand Manish , Schwartzentruber Jared , Seipel Justin
Published: March 2015

Recent development of series elastic actuators have revealed a capability to mimic muscle-like properties and achieve accurate force control. Series elastic actuators have also been widely used in humanoid and surgical robotic devices. The design of the elastic elements are critical and complex. This tends to increase costs and complexity of designing and controlling series elastic actuators. Here, we present a novel low cost and easy-to-fabricate design for a series elastic element that also has adjustable stiffness. The design consists of simple shaft couplers and spring steel plates. During the test, the stiffness of the designed elastic elements is very close to linear (R2 = 0.999) when the clamped spring-steel strip length is sufficiently long. As the clamped strip length shortens, the resulting torque deflection curve becomes slightly quadratic but remains largely linear. Also, the designed elastic element exhibits little hysteresis during loading and unloading. The stiffness of the designed elastic element can be tuned to achieve a range of stiffness values, thus it is suitable for different applications with different stiffness requirements. We also design a simple control algorithm and develop a simulation based on the dynamic properties of the designed elastic element. In simulation, the controller is able to accurately track the commanded torque values. Overall, this design could help reduce the cost and development time required for series elastic actuators.
Multi-Scale Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations Based on Mesoscopic Approaches
Authors: Weisgraber Todd H. , Walsh Stuart D. C. , Karazis Kostas , Gottuso Dennis
Published: March 2015

Many challenging fluid-structure interaction problems in nuclear engineering remain unresolved because current CFD methodologies are unable to manage the number of computational cells needed and/or the difficulties associated with meshing changing geometries. One of the most promising recent methodologies for fluid dynamics modeling is the lattice-Boltzmann method — an approach that offers significant advantages over classical CFD methodologies by 1) greatly reducing meshing requirements, 2) offering great scalability, and 3) through relative ease of code parallelization. While LBM often requires increased numerical effort compared to other methods, this can be dramatically reduced by combining LBM with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (LB-AMR).

This study describes an ongoing collaboration investigating nuclear fuel-assembly spacer grid performance. The LB-AMR method, used to simulate the flow field around a specific spacer grid design, is capable of describing turbulent flows for high Reynolds numbers, revealing rich flow dynamics in good qualitative agreement with experimental results.

Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Anti-Matching Design for Wave Isolation in Dual Frequency Transducer for Intravascular Super-Harmonic Imaging
Authors: Ma Jianguo , Li Sibo , Wang Zhuochen , Jiang Xiaoning
Published: March 2015

Intravascular super-harmonic imaging of microvessels is expected to assist understanding of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A dual frequency intravascular (IVUS) ultrasound transducer is a core component transmitting at low frequency and receiving high order harmonics. A significant challenge in developing high performance dual frequency IVUS transducers is the isolation of the high frequency ultrasound echoes from the low frequency element while keeping the low frequency transmission pressure. An anti-matching layer with low impedance and quarter wavelength thickness was designed based on wave propagation theory. In both KLM modeling and prototype validation, the anti-matching layer successfully suppressed the aliasing echo to less than −20 dB. Transmission pressure of the prototype transducer was still high enough for microbubble nonlinear responses. High resolution (<0.2 mm) and high CTR (>12 dB) image was generated from super-harmonic imaging, which elucidated the capability of the transducer for intravascular microvessel detection.
New Methodology for the Calculation of Aerodynamic Coefficients on ATR-42 Scaled Model With Neural Network – EGD Method
Authors: Mosbah A. B. , Botez R. , Dao T. M.
Published: March 2015

The determination of aerodynamic coefficients such as pressure distributions and aerodynamic coefficients (lift, drag and moment) from the known parameters (angle of attack, Mach number …) in real time is still not achievable easily by methods of numerical analysis in aerodynamics and aeroelasticity domains. For this reason, we propose a flight parameters control system. This approach is based on new optimization methodologies with neural networks (NN) and extended great deluge (EGD). The validation of this new method is realized by experimental tests using a model installed in the wind tunnel to determine the pressure distribution. For lift, drag and moment coefficient, the results of our approach are compared to the XFoil results for different angles of attack and Mach number. The main purpose of this control system is to improve the aircraft aerodynamic performance.
State Measurement System for Control of Soft Actuator Made by Prestressed Super Elastic Alloy
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Sakuma Atsushi , Nozawa Taichi
Published: March 2015

Super elastic alloy (SEA) has the characteristic of two-way deformation by heating and cooling under prestressed condition. The characteristic makes it possible to realize an actuator of flexible, compact, and quiet. Therefore, SEA can be applied to such robots for medical, assist, welfare, automatic door, and so on. However, there are many difficulties in its control as actuator because SEA shows strong non-linear behavior on its deformation process.

In this study, the measurement system of state quantities on the non-linear characteristics of SEA is constructed to control the deformation of it as practical actuator. Here, the actuator made by SEA is heated by electric current. And then, electrical systems are also developed to measure the state quantities of temperature, strain and electric resistivity of SEA during the Joule heating for its mechatronical control. In addition, the measurement of the electric resistivity on the process of heating and cooling is performed by applying pulse voltage for perform stable and accurate measurement even at a low voltage is applied.
Streamwise Fluidelastic Instability of Tube Arrays in Two-Phase Cross Flow
Authors: Olala Stephen , Mureithi Njuki W.
Published: March 2015

In-plane instability of tube arrays has not been a major concern to steam generator designers until recently following observations of streamwise tube failure in a nuclear power plant in U.S.A. However, modeling of fluidelastic instability in two-phase flows still remains a challenge.

In the present work, detailed steady fluid force measurements for a kernel of an array of tubes in a rotated triangular tube array of P/D=1.5 subjected to air-water two-phase flows for a series of void fractions and a Reynolds number (based on the pitch velocity), Re = 7.2 × 104 has been conducted. The measured steady fluid force coefficients and their derivatives, with respect to streamwise static displacements of the central tube, are employed in the quasi-steady model [1, 2], originally developed for single phase flows, to analyze in-plane fluidelastic instability of multiple flexible arrays in two-phase flows. The results are consistent with dynamic stability tests [3].
Model Order Reduction for Design of Torsional Disk Couplings
Authors: Francis Alex , Avdeev Ilya
Published: March 2015

Torsional couplings are used to transmit power between various rotating components of power systems while allowing for relatively small misalignments that may otherwise lead to equipment failure. When selecting a proper coupling type and size, one has to consider three important conditions: (1) maximum load applied to the coupling, (2) maximum operation speed and (3) amount of misalignment allowable for normal operation.

There are many types of flexible couplings that use various materials for the flexible element of the coupling on the market today. Design of the coupling and the materials used for the flexible elements determine the coupling’s operating characteristics. In this project, we study metal disk couplings. Benefits of this type of coupling include: ease of replacement or repair, clear visual feedback of element failure, and the absence of a need for lubrication. The torsional stiffness of a coupling is a major factor relative to the amount of misalignment allowable. Currently, flexible couplings are tested by manufacturers to experimentally determine the torsional stiffness; a process which requires expensive equipment and more importantly employee time to set-up and run. The torsional coupling lumped characteristics, such as torsional- and flexural stiffness, as well as natural frequencies are important for design of the entire power system and have to be as precise as possible. In this work, we have developed an accurate modeling framework for determining these parameters based on a full 3-D finite element model and model-order reduction procedure. Developed methodology was validated by available experimental data from one of the leading manufacturers of torsional couplings.
Stent Expansion in Curved Vessel and Their Interactions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Zhao Shijia , Lin Shengmao , Gu Linxia
Published: March 2015

The objective of this work is to characterize the interaction between balloon-expandable stents and curved artery simulants. The deformation at the outer surface of the curved artery simulant was monitored using two high-speed cameras, and the corresponding strain map was obtained with 3-D digital image correlation technique. The anisotropic variations in the arterial mechanics were clearly observed. Results indicated three distinct phases during the stenting procedure, i.e., expansion, recoil and stabilization. The stent expansion dramatically altered the strain field of the curved artery simulant, and larger strain was observed around the center of stent than its two ends. In addition, the change in curvature of the simulant during the implantation of stent was quantified. This work characterized and quantified the interaction between stent and artery simulant in a laboratory setting, which could facilitate the optimization of the stent design for minimizing the stent-induced changes in the mechanical environment of artery.
Humanoid Robot Hand With SMA Actuators and Servo Motors
Authors: Wu Lianjun , Tadesse Yonas
Published: March 2015

This paper describes the design of a child humanoid robot hand with SMA actuators and servo motors. Human hands can grasp and manipulate complicated objects relying on its flexible structure and real-time control. However, it is difficult to replicate an exact human hand using rigid structures because of intricate biomechanical structure. In human hand, one metacarpal and three phalanges make up each finger, except for the thumb which only has two phalanges. Each finger except the thumb is composed of 3 joints: the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal joints (DIP). The DIP and PIP joints are always moving simultaneously, while the MCP joint can move independently. The child-sized robot hand is developed which replicates a seven year-old child’s hand in its fundamental structure. The robot hand has five fingers and all the fingers consist of 3 links. Servo motors and shape memory alloy actuators were used as a drive mechanism for the fingers and mathematical model of the SMA actuators are described to study the finger dynamics. A prototype humanoid robot hand was fabricated using 3D printing techniques and experimental results are presented.
Stochastic Robust Hybrid Observer With Applications to Automotive Slip Angle Estimation
Authors: Merat Kaveh , Razavi Hamidreza , Salarieh Hassan , Alasty Aria , Meghdari Ali
Published: March 2015

In this article, the state estimation for Automotive Slip Angle considering the measurement noise in sensor is addressed. Real-time measurement of the slip angle is applicable to many active vehicle safety applications, such as rollover prevention and yaw stability control. As the sensors that measure slip angle directly are expensive, the method to extract slip angle from other available sensors in vehicle is considered. First from the simplified nonlinear dynamic system of vehicle, a Piecewise Affine (PWA) model with calculated uncertainties is obtained. The uncertainties are the result of nonlinear system deviation from PWA model. Then using the PWA model, a Stochastic Robust Hybrid Observer design is developed to estimate the slip angle. Design of the Observer is based on Linear Matrix Inequalities which gives bound on the estimation variance based on the sensor noise measurements. Finally, through simulation, the effectiveness and performance of this method is investigated.
Effect of Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness in µ-EDM of Conductive SiC
Authors: Saxena Krishna Kumar , Agarwal Sanjay , Mukhopadhyay Jyoti
Published: March 2015

Micro-electrical discharge machining (μ-EDM) is a non-traditional manufacturing technique that has been widely used in the production of precision engineering components throughout the world in recent years. The most important performance measure in μ-EDM is the surface roughness. The Silicon Carbide is a reaction bonded advanced ceramic that is the fourth hardest material after Diamond, boron nitride and boron carbide. Due to low fracture toughness, machining of Silicon Carbide is accomplished with EDM. In this study, the experimental studies were conducted under varying gap voltage, capacitance and threshold. The numbers of experiments were reduced by L9 array of Taguchi’s theory of DOE. Signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was employed to determine the most influencing levels of parameters that affect the surface roughness in the μ-EDM of conductive silicon carbide. To validate the study, confirmation experiment has been carried out at optimum set of parameters and predicted results have been found to be in good agreement with experimental findings. A fuzzy logic model for predicting surface roughness during μEDM was also developed on MATLAB software and the goodness of fit of predicted values with experimental values was tested using chi-square test.
Development of a Test Bank for Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Two Prosthetic Heart Valves Using Air as Working Fluid
Authors: Rivera Luz M. , Crispín Ana I. , Escobar Nelson , Hoyos Lina M. , Bustamante John
Published: March 2015

This work presents the fluid dynamic analysis of the mechanical prosthetic heart valves: Björk Shiley and Sorin Bicarbon™. Analysis of prosthetic valves is currently done with viscous fluids that emulate the behavior of blood; however the developed test bank, wind tunnel, uses air as the working fluid. This working fluid differs from those currently being used due to its low density and viscosity properties, which provides greater sensitivity to small changes in geometry and valve design variations. These features permit to identify relevant changes to the patient’s hemodynamic system based on the effect of the implanted valve.

Tests were performed by measuring the fluid-dynamics of both valves; the obtained results show accuracy with the valves’ performance under clinical conditions. The offset design of the Björk Shiley tilting disk gives the valve the ability to generate less blood trauma and increase laminar flow and the Sorin Bicarbon™ bileaflet has a larger orifice for better hemodynamic performance. Furthermore, the transversal pressure gradients and local effects such as turbulence and vortexes were also analyzed; and the obtained results are accurate according to the functionality, geometrical and structural characteristics of both valves at their real environment.
Single Molecule Analysis Tool (SMAT) for Multiplexed Label-Free Assessment of Rare Cell Populations
Authors: Selvam Anjan Panneer , Prasad Shalini
Published: March 2015

A nanowell sensor for single molecular proteomic analysis of lung cancer has been designed. The nanowell sensor is an electrochemical immunoassay and comprises of a heterogenous nanoporous arrays integrated on to a gold microelectronic platform. The sensor operates on the principle of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Our approach to classification of lung cancer is based on screening for levels of expression of specific proteomic biomarkers associated with lung cancer stem cells. Proteomic activity for two lung cancer cell lines for two specific markers (ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3) was quantified. Test samples prepared by synthetically spiking human pooled serum were tested and quantified for cancer stem cell marker activity. The lowest proteomic activity measured with (a) ALDH1A3 was 0.01 ng/mL and (b) ALDH1A1 was 1 ng/mL correlating to the detection of unit stem cell count.
Mechanisms of antiwear tribofilm growth revealed in situ by single-asperity sliding contacts
Authors: Gosvami N. N. , Bares J. A. , Mangolini F. , Konicek A. R. , Yablon D. G. , Carpick R. W.
Published: March 2015

Additive explanation for anti-wear

Additives in oil are vital for protecting engines from wear by forming films at sliding interfaces. Zinc dialkydithiophosphate (ZDDP) has been used for decades to reduce engine wear. Now there is a strong incentive for finding a replacement for ZDDP: Its breakdown products shorten catalytic converter lifetime. Gosvami
et al.
examined exactly how ZDDP produces an anti-wear film under high stress or elevated temperature (see the Perspective by Schwarz). Understanding these mechanisms will help in the development of higher-performance and more effective additives.

Science
, this issue p.
102
; see also p.
40
Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Rizvi Naiyer A. , Hellmann Matthew D. , Snyder Alexandra , Kvistborg Pia , Makarov Vladimir , Havel Jonathan J. , Lee William , Yuan Jianda , Wong Phillip , Ho Teresa S. , Miller Martin L. , Rekhtman Natasha , Moreira Andre L. , Ibrahim Fawzia , Bruggeman Cameron , Gasmi Billel , Zappasodi Roberta , Maeda Yuka , Sander Chris , Garon Edward B. , Merghoub Taha , Wolchok Jedd D. , Schumacher Ton N. , Chan Timothy A.
Published: March 2015

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which unleash a patient’s own T cells to kill tumors, are revolutionizing cancer treatment. To unravel the genomic determinants of response to this therapy, we used whole-exome sequencing of non–small cell lung cancers treated with pembrolizumab, an antibody targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). In two independent cohorts, higher nonsynonymous mutation burden in tumors was associated with improved objective response, durable clinical benefit, and progression-free survival. Efficacy also correlated with the molecular smoking signature, higher neoantigen burden, and DNA repair pathway mutations; each factor was also associated with mutation burden. In one responder, neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses paralleled tumor regression, suggesting that anti–PD-1 therapy enhances neoantigen-specific T cell reactivity. Our results suggest that the genomic landscape of lung cancers shapes response to anti–PD-1 therapy.
Quantum versus classical annealing of Ising spin glasses
Authors: Heim Bettina , Rønnow Troels F. , Isakov Sergei V. , Troyer Matthias
Published: March 2015

Benchmarking quantum simulation

Finding a solution to a problem often amounts to an optimization problem and thus can be recast in terms of the lowest-energy state of a system. To find such ground states, mathematical methods based on annealing were developed. To reach the ground state more quickly than with the earlier classical methods, a quantum-mechanical approach was proposed; however, the evidence for quantum speed-up is contradictory. Heim
et al.
show that the results depend on how the problem is described and how the optimization routine is implemented. This development should be valuable for benchmarking quantum machines.

Science
, this issue p.
215
Whole-Genome Sequence for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain ATCC BAA-1680
Authors: Daum Luke T. , Bumah Violet V. , Masson-Meyers Daniela S. , Khubbar Manjeet , Rodriguez John D. , Fischer Gerald W. , Enwemeka Chukuka S. , Gradus Steve , Bhattacharyya Sanjib
Published: March 2015

We report here the whole-genome sequence of the USA300 strain of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), designated ATCC BAA-1680, and commonly referred to as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). This clinical MRSA isolate is commercially available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and is widely utilized as a control strain for research applications and clinical diagnosis. The isolate was propagated in ATCC medium 18, tryptic soy agar, and has been utilized as a model
S. aureus
strain in several studies, including MRSA genetic analysis after irradiation with 470-nm blue light.
Complete Coding Genome Sequence of Putative Novel Bluetongue Virus Serotype 27
Authors: Jenckel Maria , Bréard Emmanuel , Schulz Claudia , Sailleau Corinne , Viarouge Cyril , Hoffmann Bernd , Höper Dirk , Beer Martin , Zientara Stéphan
Published: March 2015

We announce the complete coding genome sequence of a novel bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype (BTV-n = putative BTV-27) detected in goats in Corsica, France, in 2014. Sequence analysis confirmed the closest relationship between sequences of the novel BTV serotype and BTV-25 and BTV-26, recently discovered in Switzerland and Kuwait, respectively.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Metronidazole-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Strain
Authors: Binh Tran Thanh , Suzuki Rumiko , Kwon Dong Hyeon , Yamaoka Yoshio
Published: March 2015

We report here the complete genome sequence of a metronidazole-resistant
Helicobacter pylori
strain (MET
r
). The MET
r
strain was obtained under exposure of
H. pylori
26695 on agar plates with low metronidazole concentrations. The genome data provide insight into the genomic changes of
H. pylori
under selection by metronidazole
in vitro
.
Draft Genome Sequences of Clostridium tyrobutyricum Strains FAM22552 and FAM22553, Isolated from Swiss Semihard Red-Smear Cheese
Authors: Storari Michelangelo , Wüthrich Daniel , Bruggmann Rémy , Berthoud Hélène , Arias-Roth Emmanuelle
Published: March 2015

Clostridium tyrobutyricum
is the main microorganism responsible for late blowing defect in cheeses. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of two C. tyrobutyricum strains isolated from a Swiss semihard red-smear cheese. The two draft genomes comprise 3.05 and 3.08 Mbp and contain 3,030 and 3,089 putative coding sequences, respectively.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Desulfovibrio carbinoliphilus FW-101-2B, an Organic Acid-Oxidizing Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from Uranium(VI)-Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Ramsay Bradley D. , Hwang Chiachi , Woo Hannah L. , Carroll Sue L. , Lucas Susan , Han James , Lapidus Alla L. , Cheng Jan-Fang , Goodwin Lynne A. , Pitluck Samuel , Peters Lin , Chertkov Olga , Held Brittany , Detter John C. , Han Cliff S. , Tapia Roxanne , Land Miriam L. , Hauser Loren J. , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Ivanova Natalia N. , Mikhailova Natalia , Pagani Ioanna , Woyke Tanja , Arkin Adam P. , Dehal Paramvir , Chivian Dylan , Criddle Craig S. , Wu Weimin , Chakraborty Romy , Hazen Terry C. , Fields Matthew W.
Published: March 2015

Desulfovibrio carbinoliphilus
subsp. oakridgensis FW-101-2B is an anaerobic, organic acid/alcohol-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing δ-proteobacterium. FW-101-2B was isolated from contaminated groundwater at The Field Research Center at Oak Ridge National Lab after
in situ
stimulation for heavy metal-reducing conditions. The genome will help elucidate the metabolic potential of sulfate-reducing bacteria during uranium reduction.
Genome Sequence of an Efficient Indole-Degrading Bacterium, Cupriavidus sp. Strain IDO, with Potential Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production Applications
Authors: Ma Qiao , Qu Yuanyuan , Zhang Zhaojing , Li Pengpeng , Tang Hongzhi
Published: March 2015

Cupriavidus sp. strain IDO has been shown to efficiently transform indole, and the genus of Cupriavidus has been described as a promising cell factory for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis from low-cost wastes. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain IDO, which may provide useful genetic information on indole metabolism and polyhydroxyalkanoate production.
Evaluation of time to aneurysm treatment following subarachnoid hemorrhage: comparison of patients treated with clipping versus coiling
Authors: Attenello Frank J , Reid Patrick , Wen Timothy , Cen Steven , Kim-Tenser May , Sanossian Nerses , Russin Jonathan , Amar Arun , Giannotta Steven , Mack William J , Tenser Matthew
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Prior studies of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have shown that treatment at teaching institutions and decreased time to surgery are factors that correlate with improved patient outcome. We aimed to individually evaluate the effect of teaching institution treatment on rates of surgical clipping or endovascular coiling.

Methods

Patients with SAH treated by either aneurysm clipping or coiling between 2002 and 2010 in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample were analyzed. Time to aneurysm treatment was dichotomized to >3 days or ≤3 days and evaluated by multivariable logistic regression modeling, controlling for patient and hospital covariates. Identified predictors for prolonged time to procedure were compared between the clipping and coiling populations.

Results

Between 2002 and 2010 there were 90 684 SAH admissions with subsequent clipping and coiling procedures. Treatment at teaching hospitals was associated with faster time to clipping (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.80, p=0.001) but not coiling procedures (p=0.66). Likewise, older age (≥80 years) was associated with delays to clipping (p<0.05) but not coiling procedures (p>0.05). Patients with delayed time to treatment were associated with increased rates of moderate to severe neurological disability.

Conclusions

Older patients with SAH and those treated at non-teaching hospitals were more likely to have delays to aneurysm clipping procedures. These associations were unique to open surgery as age and hospital teaching status did not affect time to coiling procedures.
Coastal zone occupancy by double-crested cormorants on a Laurentian Great Lake before, during, and after a food web regime shift
Authors: Ridgway Mark S. , Middel Trevor A.
Published: March 2015

The Lake Huron food web has been undergoing change since the invasion of driessenid mussels (Dreissena spp.) (late 1990s), especially in 2003 featuring the lake-wide loss of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) among other elements that year. Collectively the changes in 2003 satisfy a number of criteria for a regime shift. Based on multiflight surveys (2001–2005), we modeled coastal zone occupancy of foraging double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the North Channel and Georgian Bay of Lake Huron during the regime shift period. At the start of the regime shift (2003), there were a number of plausible occupancy models based on a set of spatial covariates, the only year in the study when this occurred. Annual shifts in the magnitude and sign of coefficients indicated movement of cormorants between the two coastal regions, especially during and immediately after the regime shift period. Declines in cormorant occupancy of coastal habitat were not confined to 2003 but extended through 2004, with declines in occupancy in the North Channel (2003) preceding that in Georgian Bay (2004). Declines in occupancy in offshore areas in both coastal regions preceded declines in nearshore areas, possibly reflecting the loss of alewife at the time. The spatial response of predators or prey in regime shifts could serve as early indicators of tipping points in ecosystems.
Applications of monotone operators to a class of fractional Laplacian equation
Authors: Raghavendra V. , Kar Rasmita
Published: March 2015

In this study we establish the existence of a weak solution for a class of nonlocal problem [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a general nonlocal integro-differential operator of fractional type, λ is a real parameter, Ω is an open bounded subset of ℝn(n > 2s, where s ∈(0, 1) is fixed) with continuous boundary ∂Ω. Here f, g1: Ω → ℝ and h : ℝ → ℝ are functions satisfying suitable hypotheses.
Chameleon fields and solar physics
Authors: Zanzi Andrea , Ricci Barbara
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we discuss some aspects of solar physics from the standpoint of the so-called chameleon fields (i.e. quantum fields, typically scalar, where the mass is an increasing function of the matter density of the environment). Firstly, we analyze the effects of a chameleon-induced deviation from standard gravity just below the surface of the Sun. In particular, we develop solar models which take into account the presence of the chameleon and we show that they are inconsistent with the helioseismic data. This inconsistency presents itself not only with the typical chameleon setup discussed in the literature (where the mass scale of the potential is fine-tuned to the meV), but also if we remove the fine-tuning on the scale of the potential. However, if we modify standard gravity only in a shell of thickness 10-6 R⊙ just below the solar surface, the model is basically indistinguishable from a Standard Solar Model. Secondly, we point out that, in a model recently considered in the literature (we call this model "Modified Fujii's Model"), a conceivable interpretation of the solar oscillations is given by quantum vacuum fluctuations of a chameleon.
Holographic superconducting quantum interference device
Authors: Takeuchi Shingo
Published: March 2015

We present a holographic model of the SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) in the external magnetic field. The model of the gravitational theory considered in this paper is the Einstein–Maxwell-complex scalar model on the four-dimensional anti-de Sitter Schwarzschild black brane geometry, where one space direction is compacted into a circle and we arrange the coefficient of the time components profile so that we can model the SQUID, where the profile plays the role of the chemical potential for the Cooper pair.
Structure theorems for 2D linear and nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Bahouri Hajer
Published: March 2015

This paper is devoted to the qualitative study of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with exponential growth, where the Orlicz norm plays a crucial role. The approach we adopted in this paper which is based on profile decompositions consists of comparing the evolution of oscillations and concentration effects displayed by sequences of solutions to 2D linear and nonlinear Schrödinger equations associated to the same sequence of Cauchy data, up to small remainder terms both in Strichartz and Orlicz norms. The analysis we conducted in this work emphasizes the correlation between the nonlinear effect highlighted in the behavior of the solutions to the 2D nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the [Formula: see text]-oscillating component of the sequence of the Cauchy data.
DO EXPORT MARKETS SELECT THE MOST INNOVATIVE PRODUCERS? THE MODERATING ROLE OF PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: MONREAL-PÉREZ JOAQUÍN , ARAGÓN-SÁNCHEZ ANTONIO , SÁNCHEZ-MARÍN GREGORIO
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we examine a sample of 2000 Spanish industrial firms over the period 2001–2010 to analyse whether the self-selection hypothesis explains the relationship between innovation and the export activity of the company. In addition, we analyse how productivity moderates that relationship. The results indicate that the hypothesis does explain the effect of product and process innovations: Overseas foreign markets select those companies that have previously secured product or process innovations, while investment in research and development (R&D) does not increase the propensity for companies to export. On the other hand, the productivity of the company intensifies this effect. These results are robust in the face of fixed effects, different specifications of export activity and endogeneity, the last of which suggests possible effects of learning by exporting.
Patient-specific finite element analysis of ascending aorta aneurysms
Authors: Martin Caitlin , Sun Wei , Elefteriades John
Published: March 2015

Catastrophic ascending aorta aneurysm (AsAA) dissection and rupture can be prevented by elective surgical repair, but identifying individuals at risk remains a challenge. Typically the decision to operate is based primarily on the overall aneurysm size, which may not be a reliable indicator of risk. In this study, AsAA inflation and rupture was simulated in 27 patient-specific finite element models constructed from clinical CT imaging data and tissue mechanical testing data from matching patients. These patients included n = 8 with concomitant bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), n = 10 with bovine aortic arch (BAA), and n = 10 with neither BAV nor BAA. AsAA rupture risk was found to increase with elevated systolic wall stress and tissue stiffness. The aortic size index was sufficient for identifying the patients with the lowest risk of rupture, but unsuitable for delineating between patients at moderate and high risk. There was no correlation between BAV or BAA and AsAA rupture risk; however, the AsAA morphology was different among these patients. These results support the use of mechanical parameters such as vessel wall stress and tissue stiffness for AsAA presurgical evaluation.
Effect of unilateral nasal obstruction on tongue protrusion forces in growing rats
Authors: Uchima Koecklin Karin Harumi , Kato Chiho , Funaki Yukiha , Hiranuma Maya , Ishida Takayoshi , Fujita Koichi , Yabushita Tadachika , Kokai Satoshi , Ono Takashi
Published: March 2015

Mouth breathing caused by nasal obstruction affects the normal growth and development of craniofacial structures, including changes in the orofacial muscles. Tongue muscles play an important role in patency of the pharyngeal airway, and changes in the breathing pattern may influence tongue function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral nasal obstruction during growth on contractile properties of the tongue-protruding muscles. Sixty 6-day-old male Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into control ( n = 30) and experimental ( n = 30) groups. Rats in the experimental group underwent a unilateral nasal obstruction after cauterization of the external nostril at the age of 8 days, and muscle contractile characteristics were measured at 5, 7, and 9 wk of age. The specific parameters measured were twitch force, contraction time, half-decay time, tetanic force, and fatigue index. Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used for intergroup and intragroup statistical comparisons. Twitch contraction force and half-decay time were significantly increased in the experimental group at all ages. Tetanic forces at 60 and 80 Hz were significantly higher in the experimental group at all ages. The fatigue index was decreased significantly in the experimental group at the age of 5 wk. These results suggest that early unilateral nasal obstruction may increase the contraction force of the tongue-protruding muscles and prolong the duration of muscle contraction, which may influence the shape and development of the craniofacial complex.
Inheritance Pattern of Temephos Resistance, an Organophosphate Insecticide, in Aedes aegypti (L.)
Authors: Shetty Vinaya , Sanil Deepak , Shetty N. J.
Published: March 2015

The present paper reports the mode of inheritance of resistance in laboratory induced temephos resistant and susceptible strains of Ae. aegypti.
Homozygous resistant and susceptible strains of Ae. aegypti were generated by selective inbreeding at a diagnostic dose of 0.02 mg/L
of temephos. Genetic crosses were carried out between these strains to determine the inheritance pattern of temephos resistance. The log-dosage probit mortality relationships and degree of dominance (D) were calculated. The dosage-mortality (d-m) line of the F1 generation was nearer to the resistant parent than the susceptible one. The “D” value was calculated as 0.15 indicating that the temephos resistant gene
is incompletely dominant. The d-m lines of the F2 generation and progeny from the backcross exhibited clear plateaus of mortality
across a range of doses indicating that temephos resistance is controlled by a single gene.
Comparison of the mortality data with the theoretical expectations using the χ2 test revealed
no significant difference, confirming a monogenic pattern of inheritance. In conclusion, the study provides evidence that the temephos
resistance in Ae. aegypti follows an incompletely dominant and monogenic mode of inheritance.
Saraca indicaBark Extract ShowsIn VitroAntioxidant, Antibreast Cancer Activity and Does Not Exhibit Toxicological Effects
Authors: Yadav Navneet Kumar , Saini Karan Singh , Hossain Zakir , Omer Ankur , Sharma Chetan , Gayen Jiaur R. , Singh Poonam , Arya K. R. , Singh R. K.
Published: March 2015

Medicinal plants are used as a complementary and alternative medicine in treatment of various diseases including cancer worldwide, because of their ease of accessibility and cost effectiveness. Multicomposed mixture of compounds present in a plant extract has synergistic activity, increases the therapeutic potential many folds, compensates toxicity, and increases bioavailability.Saraca indica(family Caesalpiniaceae) is one of the most ancient sacred plants with medicinal properties, exhibiting a number of pharmacological effects. Antioxidant, antibreast cancer activity and toxicological evaluation ofSaraca indica bark extract(SIE) were carried out in the present study. The results of the study indicated that this herbal preparation has antioxidant and antibreast cancer activity. Toxicological studies suggest that SIE is safer to use and may have a potential to be used as complementary and alternative medicine for breast cancer therapy.
On thep-Version of the Schwab-Borchardt Mean II
Authors: Neuman Edward
Published: March 2015

This paper deals with thep-version of the Schwab-Borchardt mean. Lower and upper bounds for this mean, expressed in terms of the weighted geometric and arithmetic means of its variables, are obtained. Applications to four bivariate means, introduced earlier by the author of this paper, are included.
Integrated Location-Production-Distribution Planning in a Multiproducts Supply Chain Network Design Model
Authors: Yu Vincent F. , Normasari Nur Mayke Eka , Luong Huynh Trung
Published: March 2015

This paper proposes integrated location, production, and distribution planning for the supply chain network design which focuses on selecting the appropriate locations to build a new plant and distribution center while deciding the production and distribution of the product. We examine a multiechelon supply chain that includes suppliers, plants, and distribution centers and develop a mathematical model that aims at minimizing the total cost of the supply chain. In particular, the mathematical model considers the decision of how many plants and distribution centers to open and where to open them, as well as the allocation in each echelon. The LINGO software is used to solve the model for some problem cases. The study conducts various numerical experiments to illustrate the applicability of the developed model. Results show that, in small and medium size of problem, the optimal solution can be found using this solver. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted and shows that customer demand parameter has the greatest impact on the optimal solution.
Least Squares Based and Two-Stage Least Squares Based Iterative Estimation Algorithms for H-FIR-MA Systems
Authors: Shi Zhenwei , Ji Zhicheng
Published: March 2015

This paper studies the identification of Hammerstein finite impulse response moving average (H-FIR-MA for short) systems. A new two-stage least squares iterative algorithm is developed to identify the parameters of the H-FIR-MA systems. The simulation cases indicate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Human Motion Estimation Based on Low Dimensional Space Incremental Learning
Authors: Li Wanyi , Sun Jifeng
Published: March 2015

This paper proposes a novel algorithm called low dimensional space incremental learning (LDSIL) to estimate the human motion in 3D from the silhouettes of human motion multiview images. The proposed algorithm takes the advantage of stochastic extremum memory adaptive searching (SEMAS) and incremental probabilistic dimension reduction model (IPDRM) to collect new high dimensional data samples. The high dimensional data samples can be selected to update the mapping from low dimensional space to high dimensional space, so that incremental learning can be achieved to estimate human motion from small amount of samples. Compared with three traditional algorithms, the proposed algorithm can make human motion estimation achieve a good performance in disambiguating silhouettes, overcoming the transient occlusion, and reducing estimation error.
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma Associated with a Dental Implant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Brown Amy Louise , Camargo de Moraes Paulo , Sperandio Marcelo , Borges Soares Andresa , Araújo Vera Cavalcanti , Passador-Santos Fabrício
Published: March 2015

The peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a nonneoplastic lesion commonly caused by local irritation. This report describes a 46-year-old Caucasian male who presented with a PGCG associated with a dental implant. The dental implant was originally placed in August 2012. Ten months later, the patient presented with a well-circumscribed lesion associated with and covering the implant, at which time the lesion was excised. Four months later, due to recurrence of the lesion, a deeper and wider excisional biopsy with curettage of the adjacent bone was performed. No evidence of recurrence has been reported after 12 months of follow-up. Immunohistochemistry, using the antibody CD68, was performed to investigate the origin of the multinucleated giant cells, with their immunophenotype being similar to those of other giant cell lesions, including central giant cell granuloma, foreign-body reactions, and granulomatous reactions to infectious agents.
Discover the Molecular Biomarker Associated with Cell Death and Extracellular Matrix Module in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Liu Qiang , Guo Jianxin , Cui Jinghong , Wang Jing , Yi Ping
Published: March 2015

High throughput technologies have provided many new research methods for ovarian cancer investigation. In tradition, in order to find the underlying functional mechanisms of the survival-associated genes, gene sets enrichment analysis (GSEA) is always regarded as the important choice. However, GSEA produces too many candidate genes and cannot discover the signaling transduction cascades. In this work, we have used a network-based strategy to optimize the discovery of biomarkers using multifactorial data, including patient expression, clinical survival, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. The biomarkers discovered by this strategy belong to the network-based biomarker, which is apt to reveal the underlying functional mechanisms of the biomarker. In this work, over 400 expression arrays in ovarian cancer have been analyzed: the results showed that cell death and extracellular module are the main themes related to ovarian cancer progression.
Therapeutic Hypothermia and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in a Child with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Spurkeland Nancy , Bennett Gregory , Alexander Chandran , Chang Dennis , Ceneviva Gary
Published: March 2015

Neurologic outcomes following pediatric cardiac arrest are consistently poor. Early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been shown to have positive effects on both survival to hospital discharge, and improved neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest. Additionally, the use of therapeutic hypothermia may improve survival in pediatric cardiac arrest patients admitted to the intensive care unit. We report a child with congenital hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, in whom the early initiation of effective prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation and subsequent administration of therapeutic hypothermia contributed to a positive outcome with no gross neurologic sequelae. Continuing efforts should be made to promote and employ high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which likely contributed to the positive outcome of this case. Further research will be necessary to develop and solidify national guidelines for the implementation of therapeutic hypothermia in selected subpopulations of children with OHCA.