bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Soil Conditioning on the Moisture Content and the Salt Profile of the Soil Under Irrigation with Saline Water
Authors: Zsembeli József , Sinka Lúcia , Rivera-García Arzu , Czellér Krisztina , Tuba Géza , Krištof Koloman , Findura Pavol
Published: July 2019

The research work was started on the preliminary knowledge that the risk of secondary salinization is high in the hobby gardens around Karcag as the water of the aquifers used for irrigation is saline, nevertheless irrigation in the drought periods is essential for vegetable production. A complex experiment was set up in 12 simple drainage lysimeters at the lysimeter station of the Research Institute of Karcag in 2012 in order to simulate the conditions of irrigation characteristic in the region with the goal of finding a solution to mitigate the harmful effects by means of optimization of irrigation. In 2017–2018 three approaches were applied for the scientific establishment of the problem studying the effect of different irrigation frequencies, different irrigation water qualities, and soil conditioning on the moisture content and the salt profile of the soil. The soil conditioner (Neosol) applied was found to have a positive effect on the water and salt regime of the soil, partly by creating a more favourable vertical distribution of the soil water, and partly preserving more moisture in the soil.
Assessing the Perpetuity of Tribe Indebtedness: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Devi Sanjeeta Kumari , Palit Swapnamoyee
Published: July 2019

‘Indebtedness’ of the tribes increases their woe. They live in inaccessible terrain with inadequate infrastructure. Living on subsistence, majority of them depend on borrowings to finance their budget deficit. Being in debt tends to become perpetual with several drastic consequences like being subject to exploitation through bonded labour, losing of assets or transfer of ownership of land and other assets under several pre-text to non-tribal or private lenders, etc. This indebtedness itself has other adverse social impacts on the tribes like the low level of education, ill-health, employment status etc. which has a spiral relationship with indebtedness. This study seeks to identify the various facets of their indebtedness from close quarters, find the extent of absorption of institutional credit by these tribes and identify the gap in their likely absorption perpetuating their indebtedness. It is based on the analysis of primary data collected through structured schedules directly from the respondents. It has been analysed using relevant statistical and econometric tools. It finds the perpetual aspect of tribes' indebtedness due to various ingrained social, cultural and economic factors. It suggests ways to end this perpetuity and amalgamate them on the path of development.
Creative Thinking and Development of Professionalism by Procurement Specialists in the Context of Digitalization
Authors: Gladilina Irina P.
Published: July 2019

The paper presents the scientific idea that the problems of sustainable socio-economic development of the country as a whole and such an important segment as public procurement in particular, may be successfully addressed provided the theoretical validation, development and implementation in practice of training of the procurement specialists of technologies for development of creative thinking. Creative thinking, as one of the leading digital competencies, contributes to the solution of the problem of labour market saturation with the specialists ready to address the task of creating a new technological basis for the development of economy, social sphere, etc. Professional competences of procurement specialists built with reliance on creative thinking help to solve every day professional tasks at a new qualitative level.
On the Question of Inclusive Education in Higher School: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Zamiralova Tatyana A. , Molchanov Konstantin V. , Karpunina Anastasia V. , Kvitkovskaya Angelina A. , Akhtyan Anna G. , Bereza Natalia A.
Published: July 2019

The paper studies questions dealing with development of inclusive education in Russia at the current stage. The main approaches to the way inclusion is understood in the present-day post-Soviet space and its particularity as for the higher school are described. The essential and content-related characteristic of this term is discussed in detail. Comparative analysis of various approaches to the understanding of multi-dimensionality of inclusion as a pedagogical phenomenon has been performed. The review of scientific and academic literature by the Russian and foreign researchers who have touched on this range of problems is presented. The main focus areas of development in the process of understanding inclusive education are outlined. Key advantages of implementation of inclusion are systemized. An attempt is made to identify mechanisms that are able to ensure the equality of applicants to the higher-level educational institutions in full. The experience of using inclusive education in Russia is analyzed. With regard to this, main obligations and approaches of the state in relation to applicants and students having disabilities are considered, and conditions, principles and mechanisms of implementation of the current state policy as for the higher professional education are detailed. However, there remains a number of problematic points due to which not all advantages of inclusive education can be made use of to the full extent. The prevailing difficulties and possible ways of resolving them are also noted by the authors.
Investigation of Mechanochemical Leaching of Non-Ferrous Metals
Authors: Golik Vladimir , Morkun Vladimir , Morkun Natalia , Tron Vitaliy
Published: July 2019

The research deals with metal extraction from off-grade ores and concentration tailings. There are provided results of simulating parameters of reagent leaching of metals in the disintegrator according to the metal recovery ratio. The research substantiates the method of waste-free processing of chemically recovered ores. Recovery of metals into solution is the same both under multiple leaching of tailings or ore in the disintegrator and agitation leaching of tailings or ore previously activated in the disintegrator with leaching solutions. The time of agitation leaching is more by two orders of magnitude than that of the disintegrator processing. Recovery of metals into solution is most affected by the content of sodium chloride in the solution. Then, in decreasing order, go the content of sulfuric acid in the solution, the disintegrator rotor rpm and L:S ratio.
Water Loss Reduction in Water Distribution Networks. Case Study
Authors: Hoțupan Anca , Mare Roxana , Hădărean Adriana
Published: July 2019

Water losses on the potable water distribution networks represent an important issue; on the one hand, water loss does not bring money and on the other hand, they modify water flow and pressure distribution on the entire system and this can lead to a cut-off of the water supply. A stringent monitoring of the water distribution network reduces considerably the water losses. The appearance of a leakage inside the distribution network is inevitable in time. But very important is its location and repair time – that are recommended to be as short as possible. The present paper analyses the hydraulic parameters of the water flow inside a supply pipe of a looped network that provides potable water for an entire neighbourhood. The main goals are to optimize these parameters, to reduce water losses by rigorous monitoring and control of the service pressure on the supply pipe and to create a balance between pressure and water flow. The presented method is valid for any type of distribution network, but the obtained values refer strictly to the analysed potable water distribution looped network.
Technical-Economical Comparison Between Vertical Link Beam and Knee Brace Systems in Mid-Rise Steel Buildings
Authors: Sadeghpour Mahmoud
Published: July 2019

In knee brace and shear panel systems, unlike eccentric braced frames, energy absorption is achieved through plastic deformation when sub-members yield by shear forces or bending moments caused by bracing members during severe earthquakes. Several studies have been conducted on the behavior of these two systems which resulted in design methods to obtain the best structural performance. The present study attempted to design frames using these methods, and then to compare them in terms of technical and economic factors. In this regard, to obtain a pattern of the frames behavior, a 3-span 5-storey frame was modeled for three different types of brace system (coaxial, knee and shear panel) using ANSYS software. After performing pushover nonlinear static analysis, behavior coefficients were determined and the force-lateral displacement curves of the systems were compared. In the next step, 3-span 5- 8- and 12-storey frames were analyzed and designed using ETABS software and were compared in terms of the parameters such as relative lateral displacement, normal period of system, structural weight, and shear force into foundation. The results indicate that using the above-mentioned systems, structure will exhibit more ductility which leads to reduced design base shear. The forces applied to main structural members (beams, columns, and braces) are reduced by the use of knee brace and shear panel systems. This will affect the design and sometimes increases or decreases weight of these members.
Effects of irrigation performance on water balance: Krueng Baro Irrigation Scheme (Aceh-Indonesia) as a case study
Authors: Azmeri Azmeri , Yulianur Alfiansyah , Zahrati Uli , Faudli Imam
Published: July 2019

Krueng Baro Irrigation is focused on increasing the productivity of food crops in Pidie District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. However, due to the age of the irrigation infrastructure (more than 30 years) and its large networks, it is necessary to investigate the actual water conveyance efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the conveyance efficiency of primary and secondary channels of the irrigation system, as well as to create a water balance model based on the actual water conveyance efficiency. The model by using Excel Solver with its objective function is to maximize the area of the irrigated land. Based on the optimization model of the water balance, the design condition can irrigate an area of 9,496 ha (paddy-I), 4,818 ha (paddy-II), and 11,950 ha (onion). The measurement results reported that the actual efficiency of Baro Kanan and Baro Kiri was 56% and 48% smaller compared to the efficiency of the designs (65%). The water loss was due to the damage to the channel lining and channel erosion resulting in the high sedimentation, leakage, and illegal water tapping. These lead to a decrease in the area of the irrigated land. Based on the optimization model of the actual water balance, the irrigated land was reduced to 7,876 ha (paddy I) and 3,997 ha (paddy-II) while it remained the same for onion. Therefore, to increase the efficiency, the regular maintenance and operations are required by fixing the damaged irrigation structure and channels, the maintenance of sedimentation, and the strict regulation of illegal water tapping.
Free surface profile and inception point as characteristics of aerated flow over stepped spillway: Numerical study
Authors: Bentalha Chakib , Habi Mohammed
Published: July 2019

Stepped spillway is hydraulic structure designed to dissipate the excess in kinetic energy at the downstream of dams and can reduce the size of stilling basin at the toe of the spillway or chute. The flow on a stepped spillway is characterised by the large aeration that can prevent or reduce the cavitation damage. The air entrainment starts where the boundary layer attains the free surface of flow; this point is called “point of inception”. Within this work the inception point is determined by using software Ansys Fluent where the volume of fluid (VOF) model is used as a tool to track the free surface thereby the turbulence closure is derived in the k − ε turbulence standard model. This research aims to find new formulas for describe the variation of water depth at step edge and the positions of the inception point, at the same time the contour map of velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and strain rate are presented. The found numerical results agree well with experimental results like the values of computed and measured water depth at the inception point and the numerical and experimental inception point locations. Also, the dimensionless water depth profile obtained by numerical method agrees well with that of measurement. This study confirmed that the Ansys Fluent is a robust software for simulating air entrainment and exploring more characteristics of flow over stepped spillways.
Spatial variability and dynamics of soil pH, soil organic carbon and matter content: The case of the Wonji Shoa sugarcane plantation
Authors: Dinka Megersa Olumana , Dawit Meseret
Published: July 2019

This study presents the spatial variability and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH contents at the Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE), Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected immediately after the sugarcane was harvested and then analysed for SOC, SOM and pH content using standard procedures. The analysis results showed that the pH value varied between 6.7–8.4 (neutral to moderately alkaline) and 7.3–8.5 (neutral to strongly alkaline) for the top and bottom soil profiles, respectively. The SOM content is in the range of 1.1–6.7% and 0.74–3.3% for the upper and lower soil layers, respectively. Nearly 45% of the samples demonstrated a SOM content below the desirable threshold (<2.1%) in the bottom layer and, hence, inadequate. Moreover, most of the topsoil layer (95%) has an SOM content exceeding the desirable limit and hence is categorized within the normal range. Interestingly, the SOC content showed a spatial variability in both the surface and sub-surface soil layers. A lower SOC and SOM content was found for the sub-soil in the south and southwestern part of the plantation. A further decline in the SOC and SOM content may face the estate if the current waterlogging condition continues in the future for a long period. Overall, the study result emphasizes the need to minimize the pre-harvest burning of sugarcane and action is needed to change the irrigation method to green harvesting to facilitate the SOC retention in the soil and minimize the greenhouse emission effect on the environment, hence improving soil quality in the long-term.
Dynamics of changes in surface water quality indicators of the Western Bug River basin within Ukraine using GIS technologies
Authors: Gopchak Igor , Basiuk Tetiana , Bialyk Ihor , Pinchuk Oleg , Gerasimov Ievgenii
Published: July 2019

The environmental assessment of the surface water quality of the Western Bug River has been made using the system of classification quality of land surface water of Ukraine in accordance with the approved methodology, which allows comparing water quality of separate areas of water objects of different regions. The calculation of the environmental assessment of water quality has been carried according to three blocks: block of salt composition, block of trophic and saprobic (ecological and sanitary) indicators and block of indicators of content of specific toxic substances. The results are presented in the form of a combined environmental assessment, based on the final conclusions of the three blocks and consists in calculating the integral ecological index. Comprehensive studies of changes in the water quality of the Western Bug River have been conducted within the territory of Ukraine for a long-term period. The water quality of the river on the final values of the integral indicators of the ecological condition corresponded mainly to 4nd category of the 3rd class – the water is “satisfactory” by condition and “little polluted” by degree of purity (except for points of observation that located within the Volyn region, where the water quality corresponded to 3rd category and the 2nd class. It is “good” by condition and “fairly clean” by the degree of purity). Visualization and part of the analysis are performed using GIS technologies in the software of the ArcGIS 10.3.
Effectivity test of an eco-friendly sediment trap model as a strategy to control erosion on agricultural land
Authors: Haribowo Riyanto , Andawayanti Ussy , Lufira Rahmah Dara
Published: July 2019

A sediment trap with bamboo materials can be utilized as one alternative of eco-friendly technology to reduce the erosion that occurred on agricultural land. This study aims to determine the most efficient form of that sediment trap in the field. Location study is in the Tulungrejo Village, Batu, Indonesia, which has andosol soil type and 35 cases of a landslide in 2013. Three forms of sediment traps were used (square, trapezoidal, and stratified type) with the purpose to find the most effective form. It is obtained that the most effective sediment trap is a stratified form with the 31.91% effectiveness or able to withstand sediment of 25.02 kg, while the adequate number is two pieces with the ability to withstand the most considerable sediment of (91.70%). Therefore this stratified form of sediment traps is effective in erosion prevention on agricultural land in the study area. For further development, it is required to test out the variations of the contents in a broader area with a more varied level of the slope.
Applied structural equation model in sustainable development of water resources management
Authors: Hua Ang Kean
Published: July 2019

River water pollution has been reported globally. In suggestion to adapt sustainability approach, this study carry out to tests the structural equation model between sustainable development and water resources management in the Malacca River basin (Malaysia). The model consists of six latent constructs (anthropogenic activities; law, regulation and policy; land and water ecosystem; Malacca River; river water pollution; sustainability) and twenty four items based on 400 questionnaires which were completed and returned by the local residents of Malacca state. Selected study area is within Malacca River basin. The result show the Malacca River is influenced by water law-regulation-policy (β = 0.546, p < 0.001), anthropogenic activities (β = 0.145, p < 0.001), river water pollution (β = 0.142, p < 0.001), land and water ecosystem (β = 0.105, p < 0.01), as well as sustainable approach (β = 0.127, p < 0.5). It was found that a sustainable approach and water law-regulation-policy have a direct influence on anthropogenic activities, river water pollution, as well as the land and water ecosystem. In conclusion, this study suggests developing an earlier approach of the model involved with water resources management and sustainable development.
Influence of discharged industrial effluents on the parameters of surface water in Onitsha urban area, southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Obeta Michael C. , Okafor Uchenna P. , Nwankwo Cletus F.
Published: July 2019

Chemical industries in Onitsha urban area of southeastern Nigeria have been discharging large quantities of effluents into surface streams. These streams are the primary sources of water used by poor households for domestic purposes. This study examines the effects of effluents on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the recipient streams. This objective was achieved by collecting eight effluents and twenty-two water samples from control points, discharge locations and exit chutes of the effluents for analysis. The results of the study characterised the effluents and their effects on the recipient streams. The effluents cause gross pollution of the streams as most of the parameters including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Mg, NO3, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, total heterotrophic count (THC) and total coliform group (TCG) returned high values that exceeded the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) benchmark from 2011 for drinking water quality. Only dissolved oxygen (DO), Na, Zn, Ca, and Na returned values lower than the WHO guideline. E. coli was found in all the samples; TCG was also high. This paper, therefore, recommends that the effluent generating industries should treat their effluents before disposal.
The role of the National Support Centre for Agriculture in the process of revitalization and renewal of the rural areas
Authors: Ogryzek Marek P. , Rząsa Krzysztof , Ciski Mateusz
Published: July 2019

Rural development policy of Agricultural Property Stock (APS) of the State Treasury in Poland is run by the National Support Centre for Agriculture (until 31.08.2017 Agricultural Property Agency). In the article, on the example of the Braniewo municipality, the size and spatial distribution of land transferred from the Agricultural Property Stock (APS) of the State Treasury to the municipality was analysed. One of the most important goals associated with this was activities related to social aspects, often part of the revitalization and renewal of the rural areas. After Poland's accession to the European Union, it was possible to obtain subsidies that allowed the rural population to apply for financing projects, such as: road construction, creating school playgrounds or socio-cultural facilities. Authors also analysed examples of good practices in this area in the municipality of Braniewo, as a recommendation for other municipalities. Attempts have also been made to indicate the role of the National Support Centre for Agriculture in the transformation of the Polish countryside, with particular emphasis on the areas of former State Agricultural Farms.
The Study Patterns and Problem Water Management for Agriculture of Durian Production in Chanthaburi, Thailand
Authors: Cheychom Kemchart , Sindhuphak Apisak , Ratanaolarn Thanin
Published: July 2019

The objective of the research is to study patterns and problem water management for agriculture using participatory action research (PAR). Data collection was conducted by entering the area for a survey and interviewing sample groups of farmers from 10 districts in Chanthaburi, Thailand. The sample group consisted of five farmers from each district, constituting 50 farmers. The interview results and statistical data analysis described in detail. The result can be concluded that the farmers mostly encounter water insufficiency and lack of knowledge about the irrigation system. The agricultural costs will increase in terms of the investment of laying out the irrigation system or excessive water usage that is not compatible with the water requirement of the plant. Therefore, the water management system for agriculture should be managed easily with technology, which gives water economically and precisely then farmers can know when to apply the water.
Ground and in-Fligh Testing of Cooling Efficiency of Turboprop Engine Compartment
Authors: Idzikowski Marek , Miksa Wojciech
Published: July 2019

This article presents selected results of I-31T propulsion tests, obtained in the framework of EU project ESPOSA (Efficient Systems and Propulsion for Small Aircraft). I-31T aircraft, as a testbed, was fitted with 180 kW turboprop engine TP100. The scope of the work include results of ground and in-flight tests of engine compartment cooling suitability. The purpose of the cooling tests was to prove that temperatures of the propulsion components are within limits set by the engine manufacturer for the engine type in the most disadvantageous conditions on the ground and in flight up to aircraft maximum altitude, maximum ambient temperature and after standard engine shutdown. Engine oil cooling is beyond the scope of this work.
Thermodynamic Model of the ASZ-62IR Radial Aircraft Engine
Authors: Magryta Paweł , Pietrykowski Konrad , Gęca Michał
Published: July 2019

The article presents assumptions of the one-dimensional model of the ASz-62IR aircraft engine. This model was developed in the AVL BOOST software. The ASz-62IR is a nine cylinder, aircraft engine in a radial configuration. It is produced by the Polish company WSK “PZL-Kalisz” S. A. The model is used for calculating parameters of the fuel stream and the air stream in intake system of the engine, as well as for the analyses of the combustion process and the exhaust flow to the external environment. The model is based on the equations describing the isentropic flow. The geometry of the channels and all parts of the model has been mapped on the basis of empirical measurements of the engine elements. The model assumes indirect injection where the gasoline was used as a fuel with the calorific value of 43.5 MJ/kg. The model assumes a mixture of a stoichiometric ratio of 14.5. This model is only part of the overall the ASz-62IR engine model. After the simulation tests on the full model the obtained results confirmed the correctness of the model used to create the mixture. It was found that the AVL BOOST software is good for the implementation of this type of work.
Acoustic Characteristics of the Cabin of the Research Platform on the Airbag IL-PRC-600m
Authors: Cieślak Sławomir , Krzymień Wiesław , Szafran Krzysztof
Published: July 2019

Hovercrafts are a universal means of transport intended for use on flat surfaces such as water, ice, snow, swamp, or sand. They are used in rescue operations and patrolling difficult areas inaccessible to other means of transport. The Institute of Aviation conducted acoustic measurements inside the cabin of the hovercraft to determine the source of the noise and the sound pressure exerted on the pilot and passengers. Assessment of the sources of noise in the cabin is made using the acoustic beamforming method. Assessment of the level of noise to which a pilot is exposed during the operation was prepared on the basis of a standard specifying the requirements and methods of determining occupational noise exposure [1].

The test results indicate a significant penetration of noise from the drivetrain into the cabin. It is recommended that a hovercraft pilot and operators use hearing protection in some specified conditions and during testing. Thus it is pointed out in the summary that additional soundproofing of the cabin is needed. The points of the greatest penetration of noise into the interior have been indicated.
Mi-2 Helicopters Operating at Sea
Authors: Rusiecki Miłosz
Published: July 2019

The article describes participation of Mi-2 helicopters in both military and civilian operations at sea. Although the multipurpose Mi-2 rotorcraft were not designed to operate in the harsh environment over the sea, they became - in the second half of the 1960s and in the 1970s - a standard type performing a wide array of tasks at sea. Modern turboshaft engines, a favorable weight-to-power ratio and a dual engine configuration were all factors enabling safe flight over the sea, at considerable distances from land. The specialized Mi-2RM variant designed by WSK PZL Świdnik provided the Naval Aviation with an opportunity to establish, in the 1st half of the 1970s, a unique marine air rescue system. The last Mi-2RM used for rescue missions was decommissioned as late as in 2010, although at that stage it was only used for aircrew training purposes. The Navy was also using the Mi-2Ch variant tasked with creating smokescreens to conceal vessels and port facilities. General purpose variants of the helicopter were used to transport people and goods. They also performed well during patrolling missions and while identifying various types of contamination.

As far as civilian use of the helicopters is concerned, Mi-2 versions equipped with special purpose on-board systems supported scientists in the exploration of the Antarctica at two stations of the Polish Academy of Science. The Maritime Authority in Gdynia was also using its own Mi-2 helicopter for over 30 years - until 2015 - for patrolling the Gdańsk and Puck Bays and waters around the Hel Peninsula. The missions were focusing primarily on detecting potential contamination of the coastal areas.

In the former Soviet Union, civilian Mi-2 variants were (and still are) standard equipment of deep sea icebreakers operating in the Arctic and around the North Pole. The machines are mainly used for safety purposes, as well as for transporting scientists and groups of extreme tourists. Approximately a dozen Mi-2 purchased from Russia in the mid-1990s, in turn, were used by the Aviation Force of the Mexican Navy. Unfortunately, no further details regarding their use are available.
Preparation and Implementation of a Test Flight of Lightweight, Unmanned Stratospheric Balloon with Gopro Camera Mounted and Analysis of Acquired Material
Authors: Skoneczny Hubert
Published: July 2019

Publication contains a description of the preparation and the implementation of a test flight of a stratospheric balloon with a mounted camera GoPro Hero3. Description includes: used equipment, its parameters, role in the success of the mission and the difficulties and limitations that the project team encountered during the preparation and implementation of the flight. The mission was attended by a team of six engineers and scientists from the Remote Sensing Division, who were also involved in the implementation of the HESOFF project. One of the main goals of the HESOFF project was to obtain aerial images on the Krotoszyńska Plate (woj. wielkopolskie) using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and to carry out remote monitoring of oak stands. The primary goal of an experimental balloon flight was to check the technical operational capability and gain experience in planning and implementing this type of project. During the balloon raising, the video material was acquired in the form of a recording, which later was analyzed. On the basis of the collected information, the conclusions regarding the possibility of implementing a long endurance flight in the stratosphere, illustrating (using a multisensor platform) research surfaces of the HESOFF project were presented. The stages of implementation of the presented mission were divided into following parts: preparation of the flight with the completion of equipment and necessary documents (flight permission), proper flight realization, understood as the release of the balloon and identification of the place where the equipment landed, as well as analysis and presentation of the results.
On the Areospace-Grade Adhesives Shear Strength Testing with ASTM D5656 Test as an Example
Authors: Karny Maciej
Published: July 2019

This article presents adhesive shearing test methods, focusing especially on the ASTM D5656 method. These methods will be briefly characterized and compared. The most important concerns about the D5656 method are described. With the use of ASTM D1002 and D5656 methods, the influence of adherend surface preparation on shearing properties of the bond is evaluated. Compared to sandblasting only, sandblasting followed by the FPL process (sulfochromate etching of aluminum) increased shear strength of joints by 35 % for ASTM D1002 tests and by 48% for D5656 tests. Comparing these two methods, shear strength obtained in D5656 tests is about two times higher than in D1002 tests. The cause for this phenomena is much larger adherend thickness in the D5656 method, which provides the coupons with increased stiffness. Shear modulus, calculated with 3 different calculation methods, showed differences in obtained results, which points to necessary actualization of D5656 standard.
Numerical Study of an Isothermal Slush Flow for Aerospace Propulsion Applications
Authors: Di Battista Ruben , Teresa Scelzo Maria , Rosaria Vetrano Maria
Published: July 2019

Slushes are two-phase solid-liquid single-species cryogenic fluids that exhibit an increased density and a greater heat capacity with respect to the corresponding normal boiling point liquids. These promising features are of large interest for applications that exploit slush as a thermal fluid, like super magnets refrigeration, cryogenic cooling of bio-materials or air conditioning, and for aerospace systems that use slush fluids as fuel or oxidizer. Several programs in the frame of the research on Slush Hydrogen (SLH2) as a new-generation fuel for aerospace propulsion have been started in the past. This work was carried out in the framework of a VKI research activity promoted by the Predict ESA Technology Research Programme, to investigate experimentally and numerically the behavior of slush flows in a representative upper stage feeding line. In this paper, we present a simulation based on a granular two-fluid model on an isothermal solid liquid mixture (slurry) and a Nitrogen slush (SLN2) fluid flowing in a horizontal pipe. A finite-volumes discretization using the software library OpenFOAM was benchmarked against experimental and numerical literature data, to assess the accuracy of the code in predicting pressure drops along the pipe axis and solid particle distribution across the pipe diameter. Moreover, the effects of concentration and inlet velocity are investigated. We show that the numerical model fairly reproduces the literature data in terms of important aspects as the solid volume fraction distribution and the pressure drops, especially for high flow rates.
Hybrid-Optional Effectiveness Functions Entropy Conditional Extremization Doctrine Contributions into Engineering Systems Reliability Assessments
Authors: Andriy Viktorovich Goncharenko
Published: July 2019

In this publication a Doctrine for the Conditional Extremization of the Hybrid-Optional Effectiveness Functions Entropy is discussed as a tool for the Reliability Assessments of Engineering Systems. Traditionally, most of the problems having been dealt with in this area relate with the probabilistic problem settings. Regularly, the optimal solutions are obtained through the probability extremizations. It is shown a possibility of the optimal solutions “derivation”, with the help of a model implementing a variational principle which takes into account objectively existing parameters and components of the Markovian process. The presence of an extremum of the objective state probability is observed and determined on the basis of the proposed Doctrine with taking into account the measure of uncertainty of the hybrid-optional effectiveness functions in the view of their entropy. Such approach resembles the well known Jaynes’ Entropy Maximum Principle from theoretical statistical physics adopted in subjective analysis of active systems as the subjective entropy maximum principle postulating the subjective entropy conditional optimization. The developed herewith Doctrine implies objective characteristics of the process rather than subjective individual’s preferences or choices, as well as the states probabilities maximums are being found without solving a system of ordinary linear differential equations of the first order by Erlang corresponding to the graph of the process. Conducted numerical simulation for the proposed mathematical models is illustrated with the plotted diagrams.
Izihlahla Ezikhuluma Ngezandla (“Trees Who Talk with Hands”): Tree Poems in South African Sign Language
Authors: Kaneko Michiko , Morgan Ruth
Published: July 2019

This article explores the way in which trees (izihlahla in isiZulu) are represented in South African Sign Language (SASL) literature. We contextualise our study in the broader field of African folklore and literature as SASL literature is steeped in deaf culture as well as that of a wider African culture of hearing people. Using a close reading approach of a selection of poems, we claim that many key features of tree symbolism and tree personification that are found in African literature and folklore (written or spoken) can also be identified in SASL literature (signed). In both literatures, the tree is seen as a symbol of growth, the circle of life, hope and knowledge, the ancestors and custodians of history, as well as a character with its own presence. Our findings highlight the modality-independent nature of human creativity
This article explores the way in which trees (izihlahla in isiZulu) are represented in South African Sign Language (SASL) literature. We contextualise our study in the broader field of African folklore and literature as SASL literature is steeped in deaf culture as well as that of a wider African culture of hearing people. Using a close reading approach of a selection of poems, we claim that many key features of tree symbolism and tree personification that are found in African literature and folklore (written or spoken) can also be identified in SASL literature (signed). In both literatures, the tree is seen as a symbol of growth, the circle of life, hope and knowledge, the ancestors and custodians of history, as well as a character with its own presence. Our findings highlight the modality-independent nature of human creativity.
Host and Parasite in Setswana Poetry: An Intertextual Analysis of Themes: Protest and Love
Authors: Matjila Daniel S
Published: July 2019

The article explores two themes in Setswana poetry conveyed through poetic aestheticism, namely, protest and love. The theme of protest is an expression of dissent or opposition against an inhumane political system whereas the premise of love signifies fulfilment and gratification of feelings. The aim of the study is to determine the intertextual relationship of Batswana poets regarding protest and love and to establish whether this connection reflects a parasite-host or host-parasite relationship in literature. The study confines itself to D. M. Mothoagaeâ€™s poems (that have not been explored exhaustively) and investigates how these poems feed on other Batswana poetsâ€™ works.
Neither Parochial nor Cosmopolitan: Cultural Instruction in the Light of an African Communal Ethic
Authors: Metz Thaddeus
Published: July 2019

What should be the aim when teaching matters of culture to students in public high schools and universities in Africa? One approach, which is parochial, would focus exclusively on imparting local culture, leaving students unfamiliar with, or perhaps contemptuous of, other cultures around the world. A second, cosmopolitan approach would educate students about a wide variety of cultures in Africa and beyond it, leaving it up to them which interpretations, values, and aesthetics they will adopt. A third way, in between these two, would be to give some priority to understanding and enriching local culture, while being open to and not remaining ignorant of other cultures. In this article, a work of moral philosophy, I argue for this third alternative by rebutting arguments for the other two approaches and by showing that it uniquely follows from a plausible African ethic informed by indigenous ideals of communion.
Implicações da mastectomia na autoestima da mulher
Authors: Santos Marcela Savegnago dos , Freitas Daiane de Francisco Lira , Andrade Josimeire Souza de Oliveira , Silva Francisco Mateus Lima da
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos implicadores da mastectomia na autoestima das mulheres que participam da casa de apoio Irmã Rosa Gambelli. Metodologia: Trata-se de um trabalho descritivo, exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. A população desta pesquisa foi constituída por 10 mulheres com faixa etária entre 30 e 69 anos e que foram submetidas à mastectomia e que estão acomodadas na Casa de Apoio Irmã Gambelli, localizada no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia.  Foi realizada uma entrevista de quatorze (14) perguntas abertas com roteiro semiestruturado. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP). Resultados: Identificou-se que as mulheres pós-mastectomia apresentavam uma baixa autoestima pela falta da mama e por motivos de negação de sua autoaceitação corporal, além de sofrerem percas no convívio social e amoroso. Conclusão: A partir da análise de conteúdo, nos permitiu concluir que os resultados evidenciaram que: as mulheres com baixa autoestima após a mastectomia se mostraram afetadas com este procedimento envolvendo os aspectos físico e emocional em sua identidade feminina, além de nos apresentar suas experiências em um momento tão delicado, despertando a empatia, frente aos obstáculos por elas vivenciados.
Synthesis of Bench-Stable N-Quaternized Ketene N,O-Acetals and Preliminary Evaluation as Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Blades Alisha M. , McConnell Danielle L. , Gomes Rodrigues Danielle , Keyes Phoebe V. , Sonberg Justin C. , Anthony Caitlin E. , Rachad Sofia , Simone Olivia M. , Sullivan Caroline F. , Shapiro Jonathan D. , Williams Christopher C. , Schafer Benjamin C. , Goodman Jack A. , Majireck Max
Published: July 2019

N-Quaternized ketene N,O-acetals are typically an unstable, transient class of compounds most commonly observed as reactive intermediates. In this report, we describe a general approach to a variety of benchstable N-quaternized ketene N,O-acetals via treatment of pyridine or aniline bases with ethoxyacetylene and an appropriate Brønsted or Lewis acid (triflic acid, triflimide, or scandium(III) triflate). The resulting pyridinium and anilinium salts may be used as reagents or synthetic intermediates in multiple reaction types. For example, N-(1-ethoxyvinyl) pyridinium or anilinium salts can thermally release highly reactive O-ethyl ketenium ions that undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution with electron rich arenes. N-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-2-halopyridinium salts can also be utilized in peptide couplings as a derivative of Mukaiyama reagents, or react with alcohol and amines in nucleophilic aromatic substitutions.
Curating Metal-Organic Frameworks to Compose Robust Gas Sensor Arrays in Dilute Conditions
Authors: Sturluson Arni , Sousa Rachel , Zhang Yujing , Huynh Melanie T. , Laird Caleb , York Arthur H. P. , Silsby Carson , Chang Chih-Hung , Simon Cory
Published: July 2019

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-- tunable, nano-porous materials-- are alluring recognition elements for gas sensing. Mimicking human olfaction, an array of cross-sensitive, MOF-based sensors could enable analyte detection in complex, variable gas mixtures containing confounding gas species. Herein, we address the question: given a set of MOF candidates and their adsorption properties, how do we select the optimal subset to compose a sensor array that accurately and robustly predicts the gas composition via monitoring the adsorbed mass in each MOF? We first mathematically formulate the MOF-based sensor array problem under dilute conditions. Instructively, the sensor array can be viewed as a linear map from gas composition space to sensor array response space defined by the matrix H of Henry coefficients of the gases in the MOFs. Characterizing this mapping, the singular value decomposition of H is a useful tool for evaluating MOF subsets for sensor arrays, as it determines the sensitivity of the predicted gas composition to measurement error, quantifies the magnitude of the response to changes in composition, and recovers which direction in gas composition space elicits the largest/smallest response. To illustrate, on the basis of experimental adsorption data, we curate MOFs for a sensor array with the objective of determining the concentration of CO2 and SO2 in the gas phase.
Synthesis of Medium-Sized Carbocycles by Gallium-Catalyzed Tandem Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis/Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Djurovic Alexandre , Vayer Marie , Li Zhilong , Guillot Régis , Baltaze Jean Pierre , Gandon Vincent , Bour Christophe
Published: July 2019

We report a catalytic tandem process involving a ring-closing carbonyl-olefin metathesis and a transfer hydrogenation. 1,4-Cyclohexadiene has been used as H2 surrogate to reduce the cyclic alkenes formed after the metathesis step. The same NHC-stabilized cationic gallium(III) complex, [IPr˙GaCl2][SbF6], performs the two steps with functional group tolerance. This reaction is stereoselective, leading either to 1,2-cisdisubstituted cyclopentanes or to a variety of cyclohexanes. DFT computations support an unexpected mechanism involving the activation of 1,4-cyclohexadiene by superelectrophilic gallium(III) dimers.
Solvent Dynamics and Thermodynamics at the Crystal-Solution Interface of Ibuprofen
Authors: Marinova Veselina , P. F. Wood Geoffrey , Marziano Ivan , Salvalaglio Matteo
Published: July 2019

In this paper we apply molecular simulation techniques to analyse the dynamics and thermodynamics of nine solvents, i.e. water, 1-butanol, toluene, cyclohexanone, cyclohexane, acetonitrile, trichloromethane, methanol and ethyl acetate, at the interface with the morphologically relevant crystal faces {100}, {002}, {011} and {110} of ibuprofen. The insight obtained from this analysis is used to rationalise the impact of the solvent choice on the growth shape of crystals.
β-Fluorofentanyls are pH-Sensitive Mu Opioid Receptor Agonists
Authors: Rosas, Jr. Ricardo , Huang Xi-Ping , Roth Bryan L. , Dockendorff Chris
Published: July 2019

The concept recently postulated by Stein and coworkers (Science 2017, 355, 966) that mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists possessing amines with attenuated basicity show pH-dependent activity and can selectively act at damaged, low pH tissues has been additionally supported by in vitro studies reported here. We synthesized and tested analogs of fentanyl possessing one or two fluorine atoms at the beta position of the phenethylamine side chain, with additional fluorines optionally added to the benzene ring of the side chain. These compounds were synthesized in 1 to 3 steps from commercial building blocks. The novel bis-fluorinated analog RR-49 showed superior pH sensitivity, with full efficacy relative to DAMGO, but with 19-fold higher potency (EC50) in a MOR cAMP assay at pH 6.5 versus 7.4. Such compounds hold significant promise as analgesics for inflammatory pain with reduced abuse potential.
Esterase 2 as a Fluorescent Biosensor for the Detection of Organophosphorus Compounds: Docking and Electronic Insights from Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Prandi Ingrid G. , Ramalho Teodorico , França Tanos C.C.
Published: July 2019

Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are mainly used in agriculture as pesticides. Unfortunately, each year many rural workers die intoxicated by those compounds. Sometimes the diagnosis of the exact molecule that caused the intoxication can be tardy. In this work, we have applied computational chemistry methodologies and Förster fluorescence resonance energy transfer theory to have a better understanding of the fluorescence profiles that are described in the literature.