bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demokratie und politische Selbstwirksamkeit
Authors: Buchstein Hubertus
Published: June 2018

Hartmut Rosa hat mit seinem Buch „Resonanz. Eine Soziologie der Weltbeziehung“ (2016) einen der originellsten Neuansätze der Kritischen Theorie vorgelegt, dessen demokratietheoretische Potentiale allerdings bislang noch nicht genügend herausgearbeitet worden sind. In dem Beitrag werden an Rosas Resonanztheorie der Demokratie zwei Modifikationen vorgenommen und dabei die Bedeutung von individuellen und kollektiven Selbstwirksamkeitserfahrungsmöglichkeiten in der Politik in den Vordergrund gerückt.
Klimaflucht und Menschenrechte
Authors: Windfuhr Michael
Published: June 2018

Der Klimawandel zeigt inzwischen erkennbare Konsequenzen weltweit und diese nehmen kontinuierlich zu. Zu diesen gehört, dass in ländlichen, aber auch in städtischen Regionen bestimmte Gebiete besonders starken Umweltveränderungen ausgesetzt sind und in Zukunft manche Zonen unbewohnbar werden (z. B. ausgelöst durch anhaltende Dürren oder den Anstieg des Meeresspiegels). Ob dies zu einem verstärkten Migrationsaufkommen führen wird, hängt u.a. davon ab, wie gut durch die Politik, d. h. vor allem durch staatlich induzierte Maßnahmen als Reaktion auf die (klimatischen und demzufolge alle Lebensbereiche treffenden) Veränderungen, besonders die Lage benachteiligter Gruppen betreffend, eingegangen wird. Dies entspräche einer im Sinne an Menschenrechten orientierten Anpassungspolitik. Der Artikel stellt systematisch die Zusammenhänge wischen Klimawandel, Migration und Menschenrechten dar. Er verweist darauf, dass die Definitionsfragen zu Begriffen wie Klimaflüchtling oder Umweltmigration präzise geklärt werden müssen, um politische Inanspruchnahmen zu vermeiden. Er schildert ebenfalls, dass auf nationaler Ebene, aber auch im Völkerrecht derzeit Regulierungslücken existieren, die geschlossen werden müssen, um angemessen auf die bevorstehenden Herausforderungen reagieren sowie den Schutz von Menschen auf der Flucht adäquat gewährleisten zu können.
Warum eine Demokratie-Enquete des Deutschen Bundestags überfällig ist
Authors: Roth Roland
Published: June 2018

Im Koalitionsvertrag der neuen Bundesregierung werden zahlreiche Expertenkommissionen angekündigt. Eine davon soll prüfen, „ob und in welcher Form unsere bewährte Demokratie durch weitere Elemente der Bürgerbeteiligung und Demokratie ergänzt werden kann“. Diese Ankündigung ist halbherzig. Der Beitrag plädiert stattdessen für eine Demokratie-Enquete des Bundestags mit möglichst breiter Bürgerbeteiligung, um die vielen demokratischen Herausforderungen am richtigen Ort und mit den nötigen Umsetzungsperspektiven zu debattieren.
Konturen und Strukturwandel der organisierten Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Krimmer Holger
Published: June 2018

Der Beitrag erörtert einige Kerndimensionen des Strukturwandels der organisierten Zivilgesellschaft in Deutschland auf Grundlage von Daten des ZiviZ-Surveys 2017 und von anderen Erhebungen. Thesen sind das sich verlangsamende Wachstum von gemeinnützigen Organisationen, die Pluralisierung von Organisationsmodellen und der Übergang von einem institutionellen zu einem instrumentellen Organisationsbezug von freiwillig Engagierten. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung einer stärkeren Beforschung des digitalen Wandels von Zivilgesellschaft diskutiert.
Frauen im Nonprofit-Sektor
Authors: Zimmer Annette , Priller Eckhard
Published: June 2018

Mit rund 2,6 Millionen Beschäftigten und einer Frauenquote von 75 Prozent ist der Nonprofit-Sektor ein wachsender Arbeitsmarkt speziell für Frauen. Allerdings, so die Ergebnisse empirischer Studien, arbeitet die Mehrheit der Frauen in Teilzeit und befristeten Beschäftigungsverhältnissen. Auf den Führungsebenen der NPOs sind Frauen, analog zu den Konkurrenzsektoren Markt und Staat, kaum vertreten, so die Ergebnisse einer qualitativen durch das BMFSFJ geförderten Studie.Es gilt die Faustregel:„Je wichtiger das Gremium, desto weniger Frauen!“ Neben allgemeingesellschaftlichen Faktoren, insbesondere Geschlechterstereotypen, wirken sich Strukturbesonderheiten von NPOs z. T. negativ auf die Aufstiegschancen von Frauen aus. Einerseits bevorzugen überwiegend männlich besetzte ehrenamtliche Vorstände Männer in Rekrutierungsverfahren. Andererseits ermöglichen NPOs selbstbestimmtes Arbeiten und attraktive Positionen auch unterhalb der Top-Leitungsebene, sodass sich Karriere nur bedingt lohnt. Politik wie NPOs sind gefordert, aktiv zu werden und insbesondere eine Quotierung für Führungspositionen einzuführen.
Organisierter Sport in Bewegung
Authors: Braun Sebastian
Published: June 2018

Der Beitrag nimmt das etablierte Konzept der „partnerschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit“ zwischen staatlichen Akteuren und dem Deutschen Olympischen Sportbund (DOSB) als Ausgangspunkt, um die besondere Bedeutung der gesellschaftlichen Funktionszuschreibungen an den verbandlich organisierten Vereinssport in Deutschland zu erörtern. Auf dieser Basis werden dann Veränderungstendenzen in dem neokorporatistischen Arrangement mit besonderem Blick auf eine immer pluraler und kompetetiver werdende Sport- und Bewegungskultur umrissen. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung bürgerschaftlicher Selbstorganisation in Sportvereinen als Grundlage eines anders akzentuierten sportpolitischen Legitimationsansatzes skizziert.
Gewerkschaften in der Demokratie
Authors: Schroeder Wolfgang
Published: June 2018

Gewerkschaften sind Akteure lebendiger Demokratie, die vor allem soziale Rechte und Leistungen positiv beeinflussen. Ob sie diese Aufgaben im Sinne von Beteiligungs- und Legitimationsprozessen erfolgreich wahrnehmen können, hängt maßgeblich davon ab, ob sie ihre Mitgliederkrise überwinden. Aus dieser Perspektive empfiehlt der Autor sowohl inhaltliche wie auch prozessuale und organisatorische Veränderungen, um eine responsive, beteiligungs- und konfliktorientierte Politik weiterzuentwickeln, die von den Beschäftigten unterstützt wird. Der Aufbau einer professionalisierten Mitgliederpolitik und ein entsprechendes Politikfeld könnten die Basis für eine gestärkte Rolle der Gewerkschaften in der Demokratie bilden.
Digitaler Ungehorsam als Drahtseilakt
Authors: Mülling Eric
Published: June 2018

Anders als klassische Ungehorsamsaktivisten nutzen Netzaktivisten Gerichtsverhandlungen und Verurteilungen nicht länger, um erneut auf das eigene politische Anliegen aufmerksam zu machen. Der Beitrag untersucht, ob die neuen Protestakteure aus dem Internet bewusst die rechtlichen Konsequenzen ihres Protestes vermeiden und wie ein solches Verhalten die Konzeption des zivilen Ungehorsams verändert. Grundlage der Analyse sind Experteninterviews mit deutschen und österreichischen Netzaktivisten. Die Untersuchung gelangt zu dem Fazit, dass während für den zivilen Ungehorsam nach John Rawls die Verurteilung, der Gerichtsprozess und die Strafe zum Teil der Inszenierung gehören, die digitalen Protestakteure den juristischen Auswirkungen auszuweichen versuchen. Sie wählen Decknamen, verschlüsseln Kommunikationswege, konsultieren Rechtsanwälte und schützen sich mit Presseausweisen. Ihr digitaler Ungehorsam ist unabhängig von Zeit und Ort, deshalb sind sie anderen, wirkmächtigeren Bedrohungen ausgesetzt.
Staatenverein oder demokratische Bürgerunion?
Authors: Liebert Ulrike
Published: June 2018

Am „katalanischen Prozess“ (Kraus/Vergés Gifra) scheiden sich die Geister: In Katalonien wie Spanien prallen hier wie dort die Befürworter der Selbstbestimmung oder gar Unabhängigkeit dieser „historischen Nation“ auf die Verteidiger der Einheit staatlicher Souveränität. Auch in der europäischen Öffentlichkeit trifft der Katalonien-Konflikt einen empfindlichen Nerv: Kann er doch als Testfall für die Zukunft Europas gelten, nämlich ob sich die EU immer noch als ein Staatenverein oder als eine europäische Bürgerunion begreift (Fassbender). Der Essay beleuchtet zunächst einige gegensätzliche Ideen über den katalanischen Prozess, Demokratie, Verfassung und Europäisierung, die dem katalanisch-spanischen Konflikt zugrunde liegen, mit dem Ziel, Ansätze zur Konfliktvermittlung zu identifizieren, die den Ansprüchen an eine europäische Bürgerunion gerecht werden könnten.
Unterwegs nach Cosmopolis?
Authors: Gnärig Burkhard
Published: June 2018

Da sich nationales Interesse heute zumeist gegen globale Erfordernisse durchsetzt, sind die Vereinten Nationen und andere internationale Organisationen nicht in der Lage, globale Herausforderungen wie Klimawandel, Zerstörung der Umwelt, Artensterben, Verbreitung von Massenvernichtungswaffen etc. zu bewältigen. Der Beitrag fordert, eine neue bürgerinnenzentrierte globale Ordnung parallel zu dem fortexistierenden dysfunktionalen System zu etablieren. Diese „Cosmopolis“ sollte versuchen, zunächst die überkommene Ordnung im Sinne von Gerechtigkeit, Nachhaltigkeit und Frieden zu beeinflussen und diese schließlich abzulösen.
Demokratische Herausforderungen durch Klimaskeptiker
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim , Walk Heike
Published: June 2018

Im Jahr 2015 traf sich die internationale Klima-Community in Paris zur 21. COP, um über ein neues Abkommen zu diskutieren. Die Staaten vereinbarten, den globalen Temperaturanstieg deutlich unter zwei Grad im Vergleich zur vorindustriellen Zeit zu halten. Trotz dieser deutlichen Signale der Staatengemeinschaft, die Klimaschutzziele verschärfen zu wollen, folgte in den wenigsten Ländern bisher eine tatsächliche und konsequente Umsetzung dieses Ziels. Im Gegensatz treten Interessenkonflikte auf, die auf einen ungleichgewichtigen Einfluss von Lobbygruppen bzw. Klimaleugnern und Klimaskeptikern hindeuten. In diesen Auseinandersetzungen zeigen sich Spannungsfelder zwischen Demokratie und Klimawandel, die in dem Beitrag aus einer Mehrebenenperspektive genauer betrachtet werden.
Some algebraic aspects of the gluing of differential spaces
Authors: Drachal Krzysztof , Vandana
Published: June 2018

The aim of this paper is to study the algebraic aspects of the gluing procedure in the category of differential spaces. In particular, the Sikorski differential spaces are studied. The algebraic techniques are mainly based on the spectral approach. This paper is a continuation of some previous researches in differential spaces techniques.
A quantitative Balian–Low theorem for higher dimensions
Authors: Temur Faruk
Published: June 2018

We extend the quantitative Balian–Low theorem of Nitzan and Olsen to higher dimensions.
We use Zak transform methods and dimension reduction. The characterization of the Gabor–Riesz bases by the Zak transform allows us to reduce the problem to the quasiperiodicity and the boundedness from below of the Zak transforms of the Gabor–Riesz basis generators, two properties for which dimension reduction is possible.
Identification of a Malicious Optical Edge Device in the SDN-Based Optical Fog/Cloud Computing Network
Authors: Sood Sandeep K. , Deep Singh Kiran
Published: June 2018

Software-defined networking (SDN) and optical transmission are the most cost-effective technologies for implementing high-bandwidth-based communication in the fog/cloud computing environment. The passive optical network uses optical line terminals and optical network units as optical edge devices (OEDs) to deliver fog/cloud-based services effectively. The security of such OEDs is one of the key issues for successful implementation of fog/cloud computing over the SDN-based optical network. The main security challenge is to detect and prevent the malicious OED that transmitting abusing data-frames in the SDN-based optical fog/cloud computing network. An OED can be easily hacked by the attacker to launch intrusive attacks those affect the quality of service of the optical channel. In this paper, a secure framework is proposed for identifying malicious OED in the fog/cloud computing over the SDN-based optical network. It identifies the malicious OED and shifts it to the honeypot to mitigate and analyze the attack. It uses two-stage hidden Markov model (HMM), intrusion detection system (IDS)-based fog manager and an optical virtual honeypot device (OVHD). A two-stage HMM is effectively used to reduce the false alarms of IDS in the identification of malicious OED and shifting it onto the OVHD. The OVHD is created in the SDN-based optical network by using the concept of free-available-resource and optical network virtualization. The proposed OVHD logs all malicious activities as well as attacker’s path for preventing future attacks. In order to validate the proposed framework, the simulation of two-stage HMM is implemented in MATLAB and mitigation impacts of the internal attacks are studied by using iFogSim toolkit. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Law–Finance–Growth Nexus in the Context of Africa
Authors: Huang Flora , Yeung Horace
Published: June 2018

This article seeks to put the law–finance–growth nexus into the context of Africa. As of 2017, the African Securities Exchanges Association has 27 securities exchanges as full members. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange is the most developed of all, especially with respect to its market capitalization. Its socio-legal proximity with the English system may provide a good explanation to its phenomenal growth relative to the rest in the region. However, such a socio-legal proximity is indeed shared by a number of other former British colonies such as Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Law alone may not account for the rise of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Furthermore, this article seeks to argue whether there is a genuine need for the African countries to have a stock market, which requires highly evolved legal, market and governmental institutions and norms that often do not pre-exist in these countries. On the one hand, the article will look at Africa in general. On the other hand, it will put certain discussions into the context of selected African countries.
De-Growth and Sustainable Development: Rethinking Human Rights Law and Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Vandenhole Wouter
Published: June 2018

In strong definitions, sustainable development has been argued to imply the prevalence of the environmental dimension over the economic one. The prioritization of the environmental (planet) and (arguably also the) social (people) pillar over the economic (profit) one may require a rather radical departure from assumptions of economic growth, including zero-growth or even de-growth, as argued in post-growth or ecological economics. This article asks the “what if” question. What if unorthodox, ecological economics got it right that post-growth or growth agnosticism is the new economic norm? What are the implications for human rights law and for the field of human rights and development? How could poverty alleviation look like in a growth agnostic scenario? The objective of this article is to draw out in an exploratory way some of the implications of strong definitions of sustainable development for human rights law and its relevance for development. At first, this intellectual exercise may look irrelevant or even cynical in the context of Africa, where more than 40% of the population, more than 300 million people, live in poverty. However, I see two major reasons for also debating in an African context the implications of growth agnosticism for human rights law. First, economic growth does not necessarily lead to economic development, let alone human development, and has typically come at a huge environmental cost. Alternative approaches that focus more directly on human well-being and ecological sustainability may help avoid a simple mimicking of the historical development of the global North. Second, ecological economics shifts the attention from growth to redistribution. The latter is a key challenge within Africa and within African countries, as well as from a global perspective. I examine how to factor in the consequences of post-growth or doughnut economics in the conceptual analysis of socio-economic human rights, and in the role of human rights law in development (cooperation), globally and nationally. In particular, I will try and set a research agenda on two issues that require further examination: the redefinition of obligations of international assistance and cooperation in human rights law and the reconceptualization of equality towards redistributive equality in human rights-based development cooperation interventions.
Structure of a bat community in the xerophytic Caatinga of the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Soares Fábio A.M. , da Rocha Patrício A. , Bocchiglieri Adriana , Ferrari Stephen F.
Published: June 2018

The Caatinga, a Brazilian biome that covers an area of 740,000 km2, is characterized by semi-arid climatic conditions with high temperatures and irregular rains throughout the year. The present study verified the structure of the local bat community and the seasonal variation in the abundance of bats and their diversity. We sampled four points on Serra dos Macacos and Serra de Antenor, in the municipality of Tobias Barreto, Sergipe. Field campaigns were conducted monthly between February and November 2011 in the region of the Serra dos Macacos, with the same sampling effort being applied in the dry and rainy seasons. A total sampling effort of 95,040 m2⋅h resulted in the capture of 104 specimens, representing 15 species belonging to the families Phyllostomidae (12 sp.), Vespertilionidae (2 sp.) and Mormoopidae (1 sp.). The Jackknife 1 estimate indicated the occurrence of 21.3±2.07 species in the study area. There was no difference in species diversity between the two stations (t=0.65, p=0.51). The guild of frugivorous and nectarivorous bats were the most abundant in both seasons, and most representative in the rainy season. Significant seasonal difference was found in the abundance of bats between the dry and rainy seasons (χ2=16.96; df=1; p<0.05). The results were consistent with other Caatinga studies in terms of species richness and diversity, and community structure, with a predominance of nectarivorous bats and seasonal variation in the community structure.
Contractual Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Zhou Yan
Published: June 2018

Accompanying the rise of China in the world economy, intellectual property right protection comes to be the major issue apropos of international trade disputes in recent years. This paper, adopting the transaction costs paradigm and applying the contract theory, investigates and examines a form of contractual protection effectuated by market forces. The study shows that the contractual arrangement constituted by joint venture agreement with offsetting contractual arrangement is a form of intellectual property right protection driven by market forces. This contractual arrangement, though arising under the state policy of joint venture control, functions as an effective protection of intellectual property rights by fully pricing and protecting such hardly enforceable rights.
Crystal structure of 2,12-dibromo-5,15-dihexyl-5,15-dihydrobenzo [1,2-b:5,6-c′]dicarbazole, C38H38Br2N2
Authors: Feng Ying , Guo Wei , Liu Zhi , Luo Xinyu , Zhang Dingchao , Li Li , Hu Zhenhao
Published: June 2018

C38H38Br2N2, triclinic, P1̄, a = 8.2069(11) Å, b = 11.9435(15) Å, c = 16.817(2) Å, α = 90.119(1)°, β = 97.992(1)°, γ = 106.995(1)°, V = 1559.5(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0300, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1025, T = 130(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1-H-1,3-(2-methyl-imdazol)-κN}-dithiocyano-κN-zinc(II) C24H22N12S2Zn
Authors: Yang Hai-Yan , Zhao Yao-Min , He Fang , Li Hui , Wang Hong-Fang , Li Ying-Hua
Published: June 2018

C24H22N12S2Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 27.6123(9) Å, b = 9.6238(4) Å, c = 21.1748(8) Å, β = 101.088(4)°, Z = 8, V = 5521.8(4) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0481, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1047, T = 291(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[μ3-hydroxy-(μ5-(5-(2-carboxylatophenoxy)isophthalato-κ6
O
1:O
2:O
3:O
4:O
5,O
6)-(μ2-1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane-κ2
N:N′)dicobalt(II)] hemihydrate, C25H22Co2N4O8.5
Authors: Zhao Ganlin
Published: June 2018

C25H22Co2N4O8.5, orthorhombic, Fdd2 (no. 43), a = 19.046(3) Å, b = 45.458(6) Å, c = 11.4233(16) Å, V = 9890(2) Å3, Z = 16, R
gt(F) = 0.0339, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0618, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrophenol, C8H8N2O5
Authors: Shaomin Xue , Jianlong Wang , Fanfan Shen , Chuangang Liu
Published: June 2018

C8H8N2O5, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.7951(12) Å, b = 8.1053(9) Å, c = 10.8626(9) Å, β = 100.371(4)°, V = 934.92(17) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0686, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1382, T = 293(2) K.
A numerical analysis of calendering of Oldroyd 4-constant fluid
Authors: Atif Hafiz Muhammad , Ali Nasir , Javed Muhammad Asif , Sajid Muhammad
Published: June 2018

We investigate the effects of non-Newtonian parameters on the exiting sheet thickness in the calendering of Oldroyd 4-constant fluid. The governing equations are first converted into dimensionless form and then simplified under lubrication approximation theory. A complete numerical approach is developed based on Matlab built-in routine “bvp4c” in order to obtain stream function and pressure gradient. The pressure is computed using Runge-Kutta method. The effects of involved material parameters on various quantities of interest are highlighted through graphs. The results indicate that Oldroyd 4-constant model predicts lower pressure in the nip region than that of the Newtonian model. The force and power for Oldroyd 4-constant model are also lower than their counterparts for Newtonian model. Moreover, the leave-off distance is nearly independent of the material parameters of the Oldroyd 4-constant model for larger value of the entering sheet thickness.
Recent Improvements in the Use, Interpretation, and Applications of DMT and SDMT in Practice
Authors: Marchetti Silvano , Monaco Paola
Published: June 2018

This article presents an overview of the current trends and ongoing developments in the use, interpretation, and application of the flat dilatometer (DMT) and the seismic dilatometer (SDMT) to site characterization and geotechnical design. In particular, the following issues are specifically addressed: the sensitivity of DMT to stress history, combined use of DMT and the cone/piezocone penetration test (in-situ multi-parameter/multi-test approach), estimating overconsolidation ratio and K0 in sand, DMT interpretation in partially draining niche silts and in non-textbook soils, interrelationship small/operative strain stiffness and in situ stiffness decay curves using SDMT, and liquefaction assessment.
Walk-through Metal Detector Testing and the Need to Emulate Natural Body Motion
Authors: Larson Donald R. , Paulter Nicholas G. , Troje Nikolaus F.
Published: June 2018

The detection performance of a walk-through metal detector (WTMD) is affected not only by the electromagnetic properties and size and shape of the test objects, but potentially also by the type of motion of the test object through the portal of the WTMD. This motion, it has been argued, can contribute to the uncertainty in detecting threat objects being carried through the WTMD. Typical laboratory-based testing uses a robotic system, or similar, to push a test object through the portal with a trajectory that is a straight line and has a constant velocity. This testing, although reproducible and accurate, does not test for those trajectories the are representative of natural body motion. We report the effects of nonrectilinear trajectories on the detection performance of WTMDs.
Anatomical and histological characteristics of the lungs in the ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus)
Authors: Blagojević Miloš , Božičković Ivana , Ušćebrka Gordana , Lozanče Olivera , Đorđević Milena , Zorić Zoran , Nešić Ivana
Published: June 2018

The aim of this work was to study the topography, morphology, vascularisation, histology and innervation of the lungs in the ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) and compare these data with those concerning the rat, mole rat, rabbit and mouse. The research was carried out on 15 animals. It was revealed that the right lung has four lobes (cranial, middle, caudal and accessory lobes), while the left lung is not divided into segments. The functional vessels are a. pulmonalis dextra et sinistra and vv. pulmonales (5–6), while the nutritive vessels of the lungs are a. bronchoesophagea dextra and v. bronchoesophagea dextra. Histological tissue sections of the lungs revealed that the wall of terminal bronchioles contains no cartilage and the mucosal epithelium is pseudostratified, cubic and ciliated. Clara cells (club cells, bronchiolar exocrine cells) are present but have no cilia. The lung alveolar diameter is 37 μm on average, and the thickness of the alveolar wall and the interalveolar septa is 1.38 μm. Destruction of the alveolar walls, accumulation of erythrocytes in the capillaries of alveolar septa and destruction of the cytolemma of the capillary endothelium were detected. In addition, connective tissue fibres and peripheral nerves were detected by silver impregnation.
Assessment of corneal and conjunctival metaplasia by impression cytology during the treatment of canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Authors: Radziejewski Krzysztof , Balicki Ireneusz , Szadkowski Mateusz
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess the condition of cells in the conjunctiva and corneal epithelium prior to and during cyclosporine- or tacrolimusbased treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). The study was performed on 40 dogs with KCS. The dogs were divided into two groups of 20 animals each. In Group I, 0.75% cyclosporine eye drops were administered three times a day, while in Group II 0.02% tacrolimus eye drops were administered twice daily. Additionally, each group was subdivided into three subgroups based on the results of the Schirmer I tear test (STT I). Evaluation of cellular metaplasia in the cornea and the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva based on the Nelson–Adams scale was performed by impression cytology using Millipore round filters (Millipore VSWP 01300 DA) of 25 μm pore diameter applied to the studied area. Ophthalmological and cytological examinations were performed prior to the treatment as well as after one and two months of therapy. In both groups, a decrease in Nelson–Adams values was observed, corresponding to the increasing STT values [Rxy Spearman statistically significant correlation coefficient values between –0.75 (P < 0.001) and –0.45 (P < 0.01)]. The absence of goblet cells was observed in all dogs, regardless of the KCS stage. Goblet cells reappeared following both tacrolimus- and cyclosporine-based treatment in impression cytology specimens classified as 0 in the Nelson–Adams scale. The extent of corneal and conjunctival metaplasia in the course of tacrolimus- and cyclosporine-based treatment of KCS decreases with increasing STT values.
Effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the breeding value of fertility and breeding value of beef in Hungarian Simmental cattle
Authors: Anton István , Húth Balázs , Füller Imre , Gábor György , Holló Gabriella , Zsolnai Attila
Published: June 2018

The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the breeding value of fertility (BVF) and the breeding value of beef (BVB) in Hungarian Simmental cattle. Genotypes were determined on a high-density Illumina Bovine DNA Chip. Data screening and data identification were performed by multi-locus mixed-model. Statistical analyses were carried out to find associations between individual genotypes and the investigated quality values. Three loci showed considerable association with BVF (–log10 P = 9.5, 9.9 and 14.5, respectively) on chromosomes 9, 28 and 29, respectively. The frequencies of their minor alleles (MAF) were 0.375, 0.355 and 0.354, respectively. Two loci showed association with BVB (–log10 P = 25.3 and 22.7) on chromosomes 2 and 11, respectively (their MAF were 0.438 and 0.229). The abovementioned loci provide a straightforward possibility to assist selection by molecular tools.
Analysis of the immune response of calves to various saponin-based adjuvants for an experimental Mycoplasma bovis vaccine
Authors: Dudek Katarzyna , Bednarek Dariusz , Ayling Roger D. , Szczotka Maria , IWAN Ewelina , Kocki Janusz
Published: June 2018

Mycoplasma bovis is a primary infectious agent of many disorders in cattle including bovine respiratory disease. No commercial vaccines against M. bovis are available in Europe. The immune response of calves to three saponin-based adjuvants combined with a field Polish M. bovis strain was evaluated. Four groups of six calves each were injected subcutaneously with the M. bovis strain combined with either saponin, saponin + Emulsigen®, saponin + Emulsigen® + alphatocopherol acetate, or with phosphate-buffered saline as control group. Blood and nasal swab samples were collected up to day 84 post injection. All formulations effectively stimulated the humoral and the cellular immune response of the calves, but the course of the response depended on the adjuvant formulation. These immunological data provide additional information supporting the findings of previous M. bovis saponin and Emulsigen® vaccine challenge studies to facilitate the development of successful M. bovis vaccines.
Myxobolus infection in the cornea of the roach (Rutilus rutilus) in Lake Balaton
Authors: Borzák Réka , Molnár Kálmán , Cech Gábor , Székely Csaba
Published: June 2018

Infection of the cornea in fishes by Myxobolus plasmodia is a common but still little known site preference of myxosporeans. A sporadic but striking infection in the cornea of the roach (Rutilus rutilus) was observed in Lake Balaton, Hungary. Relatively small, round plasmodia 250 to 500 μm in diameter developed in the dense connective tissue of the cornea. Morphological and molecular biological examination of spores collected from cysts in the cornea demonstrated that this infection is caused by Myxobolus fundamentalis, a species hitherto reported only from the cartilaginous gill arch of the roach. The 18S rDNA sequences of spores from the cornea showed 99.9% identity to the sequences of spores from the gill arch, and they also shared 99.9% identity with the sequences of triactinomyxon actinospores obtained from the oligochaete Isochaetides michaelseni.
Hippocampal necrosis and sclerosis in cats: A retrospective study of 35 cases
Authors: Klang Andrea , Högler Sandra , Nedorost Nora , Weissenbacher-Lang Christiane , Pákozdy Ákos , Lang Bethan , Weissenböck Herbert
Published: June 2018

Hippocampal necrosis and hippocampal sclerosis in cats is a neuropathological entity which is a major concern in feline epilepsy. The aim of our study was to identify associated pathologic brain lesions possibly serving as aetiological triggers in this condition. Therefore, the formalin-fixed and paraffin waxembedded brain tissue of 35 cats diagnosed with hippocampal necrosis or sclerosis was examined retrospectively. In 26 cats inflammatory infiltrates could be found in the hippocampus or adjacent brain regions. Fifteen out of these animals demonstrated mild to moderate infiltrations by lymphocytes and complement deposition in the hippocampus similar to human limbic encephalitis, seven showed unspecific, predominantly non-suppurative inflammation, and two demonstrated suppurative inflammation of the hippocampus or adjacent brain regions. Additionally, one cat was diagnosed with central nervous manifestation of feline infectious peritonitis virus and another one with cerebral Toxoplasma gondii infection. Intracranial neoplasia was present in five cases altogether. Three of them comprised meningioma which was present additionally to lesions resembling limbic encephalitis in two cases, and a dentate gyrus alteration in one case. The other two tumour-associated cases comprised oligodendroglioma. Structural alterations of the dentate gyrus together with hippocampal sclerosis were encountered in three cases in total. Besides the case associated with a meningioma, one case demonstrated lesions resembling limbic encephalitis. A vascular infarct in the temporal lobe was encountered in one cat. In four cases no lesions other than hippocampal necrosis or sclerosis were found. The involvement of feline immunodeficiency virus infections, which may be able to produce hippocampal lesions, was not encountered in the cats examined.
Variations in the detection of anti-PEDV antibodies in serum samples using three diagnostic tests – short communication
Authors: Plut Jan , Toplak Ivan , Štukelj Marina
Published: June 2018

Over the last few years several porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) outbreaks have been discovered in Europe including the first PED case in Slovenia in January 2015. The aim of this study was to determine when PED virus (PEDV) infection started in Slovenia. Serum samples collected between 2012 and 2016 were tested. Three hundred and seventy-five serum samples were collected from 132 Slovenian small, one-site pig farms. Samples were tested for PEDV antibodies utilising three different serological methods: commercially-available indirect ELISA, in-house blocking ELISA test and Immunoperoxidase Monolayer Assay (IPMA) test. One hundred and seventy (45.33%) tested samples were found positive by the commercially-available ELISA test kit, and 10 (5.68%) of these 170 samples found positive were positive by the in-house blocking ELISA. Only these 10 samples were collected from a farm where clinical signs of PED infection had been observed and PEDV was confirmed by RT-PCR methodology; the other 160 samples were collected randomly. Thirty-two samples with the highest S/P value obtained with the commercial ELISA were all negative with IPMA. Reasons for the high variance in the results obtained remain unclear; more research is required to ensure higher sensitivity and specificity in terms of PEDV antibody tests and other PED diagnostic methods.
Asztmás betegek életminőségének változása komplex rehabilitációs kezelés után
Authors: Müller Anetta , Balatoni Ildikó , Csernoch László , Bács Zoltán , Bíró Melinda , Bendíková Elena , Pesti Anna , Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: July 2018

Abstract:

Asthma is a serious public health challenge for all age groups around the world. Heightened attention surrounds the use of the natural therapeutic factors that potentially make medication more cost-efficient in the treatment of diseases. Our research has tried to reveal how the medical conditions, quality of life of asthmatic patients change after medical treatments that are accompanied by climate therapy. Asthma patients (514 patients) participated in a 3-week complex therapy at Mátra Health Resort. Beyond medical examinations and treatments, patients were involved in breathing exercises on the curing terraces or outdoors twice a day, they were to attend the rehabilitative physical exercises led by a physiotherapist once a day, were given dietetic and lifestyle advice and provided with diets that were fitted to their individual medical conditions. Their respiratory function was examined before the commencement of the cure as well as after the therapy just before departing from the institution. The patients’ exercise capacities were assessed with the 6-minute walk test before the treatment and then 3 weeks later. For the patients, a questionnaire was compiled to reveal information in relation to their conditions in the first 6 months after leaving the institution. Our results show that values of respiratory function in the sample and 6-minute walk test significantly improved with the treatment. After leaving the institute, the results of the Asthma Control Test in the 1st month after treatment revealed a significantly better quality of life and better control-level of patients than after the 3rd month. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(27): 1103–1112.
Az elhízás addiktív modellje: pszichoneurobiológiai összefüggések
Authors: Resch Mária
Published: July 2018

Abstract:

Among the various etiological theories (e.g., psychosomatic stress) the addictive model of obesity has also been described. Those suffering from eating disorders triggered by emotional causes (in consequence of the reward system) tend to grab a snack mostly out of happiness. The aim of the present study was to examine the addictive model of obesity so that the relationships identified here could help provide more accurate treatments to those suffering from being overweight. This study identifies the anatomical, neurobiological and psychic relationships between the etiological factors from the aspect of the addictive model of obesity so that further logical relationships could be confirmed based on the conclusions drawn here. Another system participating in energy homeostasis besides the rewarding or dopamine controlling circles is the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system. The effects and efficiency of these systems can be modified by different biological factors and molecules. By exploring these neurobiochemical processes it may become understandable why someone who is not hungry will eat and have a tendency to overeat while others will not and why someone is unable to lose weight permanently without relapse. Therefore in the light of the findings further opportunities for intervention and treatment could be identified (with drugs or by psychotherapy) which would allow us to develop more sophisticated and tailor-made therapeutic solutions for the clinical picture of obesity as well. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(27): 1095–1102.
Nanopartikel Seng Oksida (ZnO) dari Biosintesis Ekstrak Rumput Laut Coklat Sargassum sp. dan Padina sp.
Authors: Sari Rodiah Nurbaya , Chasanah Ekowati , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: June 2018

Pemanfaatan rumput laut untuk disintesis secara biologi (biosintesis) menjadi nanopartikel logam telah banyak dilakukan sebagai alternatif produksi ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan nanopartikel seng oksida (ZnO) melalui biosintesis ekstrak rumput laut coklat Sargassum sp. dan Padina sp. dengan menggunakan prekursor zink nitrat 10 mM pada variasi pH larutan 8-12. Analisis meliputi gugus fungsi, distribusi ukuran partikel, morfologi, dan kristalinitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gugus fungsi hidroksil dan sulfat polisakarida berperan dalam proses reduksi kation Zn2+ membentuk nanopartikel ZnO sedangkan protein untuk kestabilan nano-partikel. Nanopartikel ZnO dari biosintesis ekstrak Sargassum sp. dan Padina sp. masing-masing menghasilkan rata-rata ukuran partikel berkisar antara 1.396,53-3.090,50 dan 655,91-3.253,06 nm. Distribusi ukuran sudah homogen namun belum memenuhi besaran ukuran nanometer. Rata-rata ukuran partikel terkecil terdapat pada pH 10 dan 9. Kisaran % mass elemen Zn dan O nanopartikel ZnO biosintesis ekstrak Sargassum sp. yang mirip standar adalah pada pH 10 yaitu 95,98% dan 4,02% sedangkan dari ekstrak Padina sp. pada pH 9 dengan 94,67% dan 5,33%. Struktur kristalinitas menunjukkan ZnO biosintesis ekstrak Sargassum sp. pada pH  8-11 dan Padina sp. pada pH 9 hampir seluruhnya memiliki puncak dengan nilai sudut 2q yang hampir sama, dan setelah dikonfirmasi dengan program Match! 3 menunjukkan struktur kristal ZnO wurtzit berbentuk heksagonal. Perlakuan terbaik ZnO biosintesis dari ekstrak Sargassum sp. dan Padina sp. adalah pada kondisi pH 10 dan 9.
Pengaruh Waktu Ekstraksi terhadap Mutu Ekstrak Cair Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. sebagai Bahan Baku Pupuk Cair
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Oktaviani Olivia , Basmal Jamal
Published: June 2018

Ekstrak cair rumput laut kini telah banyak digunakan dalam bidang pertanian karena mengandung senyawa penting yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu ekstraksi terhadap mutu ekstrak cair Gracilaria sp. sebagai bahan pupuk cair. Ekstrak cair diekstrak menggunakan larutan KOH 0,3% pada suhu 80 °C dengan waktu ekstraksi 0, 2, 4, dan 6 jam. Parameter yang diamati yaitu nilai pH, EC (electrical conductivity), TDS (total dissolved solids), viskositas, C-organik, serta kadar unsur hara makro N dan K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan optimum untuk menghasilkan ekstrak cair terbaik adalah pada perlakuan waktu ekstraksi selama 2 jam yaitu dengan nilai pH 6,35, EC 4,9 mS/cm, TDS 4839 ppm, viskositas 1,6 cPs, C-organik 0,18%, kadar unsur hara N 0,022% dan K 0,082%.
Monitoring the Effects of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide Switch for Tubulotoxicity in Highly Treatment-Experienced or in Very Sick Individuals Infected with HIV
Authors: Lioufas Nicole , Street Alan , De Crespigny Paul Champion , G. Holt Stephen
Published: June 2018

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a common antiretroviral utilised in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B infections. It is associated with the development of tubulotoxicity and tubulopathies, and is not recommended in the treatment of patients with baseline chronic kidney disease. Until now, guidelines have suggested frequent monitoring of serum biochemistry to detect the development of such complications. In recent trials, a new prodrug formulation of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has been shown to exhibit less tubular toxicity than its counterpart due to a lower serum concentration of its metabolites. In this article, we share our experience with two patients who developed tubulotoxicity following the commencement of TDF-based regimens in HIV, and its improvement following its change to TAF, and review the available literature regarding tenofovir-based nephrotoxicity.
Hamann's Influence on Wittgenstein
Authors: Snellman Lauri Juhana Olavinpoika
Published: June 2018

The paper examines Johann Georg Hamann’s influence on Ludwig Wittgenstein’s late philosophy. Wittgenstein’s letters, diaries and Drury’s memoirs show that Wittgenstein read Hamann’s writings in the early 1930s and 1950s. Wittgenstein’s diary notes and the Cambridge lectures show that Wittgenstein’s discussion of Hamann’s views in 1931 corresponds to adopting a Hamannian view of symbols and rule-following. The view of language as an intertwining of signs, objects and meanings in use forms a common core in the philosophies of Hamann and Wittgenstein. The harmony of language and reality takes place in communicative use, so non-communicative private languages and pre-linguistic ideal forms of representation are not possible. Language is a free response to reality, and it involves belief-systems and trust.
Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Report of Two Dreams from October 1942 (Ms-126, 21–26)
Authors: Pichler Alois
Published: June 2018

This paper presents two hitherto unknown dream reports by Ludwig Wittgenstein, written down by him in October 1942. The two reports are introduced by the title “Ein Traum” and found in his Nachlass item Ms-126, pages 21–26. They are edited here in parallel diplomatic and linear, gently normalized transcription. Facsimiles of the pages containing the reports can be viewed on Wittgenstein Source where they were published in the spring of 2016.
Note from the Editors
Authors: Säätelä Simo , Bengtsson Gisela , Österman Tove
Published: June 2018

Editorial note
A List of Meetings between Wittgenstein and Sraffa
Authors: De Iaco Moira
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a list of meetings between Wittgenstein and Sraffa during the period 1929-1951. It was compiled using Sraffa’s notes from his pocket diaries and including supplement appointments noted by Wittgenstein. The information - like addresses or names of other speakers - added by Sraffa to some appointments have been here explained in the footnotes. As it is shown, it emerges by the list that the meetings between Wittgenstein and Sraffa can be divided in several different periods.
Etnik Kimlik Algısının Dört Boyutu
Authors: Yayak Aslı
Published: July 2018

Sosyal kimlik yaklaşımı, bireyin
kimliğini, kendisini ve diğer toplumsal aktörleri iç grup ve dış grup biçiminde
kategorize ederek oluşturduğu önerisini ileri sürer. Ancak bazı araştırmacılar
bu yaklaşımın özellikle çok kültürlü toplumsal yapılardaki karmaşıklığı
kavramada yetersiz kalabileceğini düşünmektedir. Bunlardan biri olan Verkuyten,
sosyal veya etnik kimliklerin bazı çelişik öğeler içerebileceğine işaret
etmektedir. Araştırmacı, söz konusu çelişki ya da uyuşmaların analizinde Olma, Bilme, Hissetme ve Yapma
olarak adlandırdığı dört temel boyuttan yararlanılabileceğini ileri sürer. Olma
(being) boyutu, etnik köken,
ebeveynlerin kökenleri, görünür özellikler gibi öz etiketlemeleri kapsar. Bilme
(knowing) boyutu grup inançları,
kültür, tarih, haklar ve normlar gibi grup kimliğine ilişkin bilgileri içerir.
Hissetme (feeling) boyutu kimliğin
önemi, değerlendirilmesi ve bağlılık gibi duygusal deneyimleri kapsar. Yapma (doing) boyutu ise, grup faaliyetlerine
katılım, giyim, yemek alışkanlıkları gibi davranışsal öğeleri ifade eder.
Verkuyten, etnik kimlik konusuna bu dört boyut yardımı ile yaklaşmanın, gruplar
arası ilişkilerin karmaşık doğasını kavramamızda katkı sağlayacağını
düşünmektedir.
Düzce Kültüründe Ev İle İlgili İnanç Ve Uygulamalarda Eski İnanışlara Dair İzler
Authors: Zengin Hilal , Sütcü Çiğdem
Published: July 2018

İnsanoğlu
eski devirlerden beri pek çok dinî inanışın etkisi altında kalmıştır. Her devirde
bu inanışlar etrafında birtakım uygulamalar şekillenmiş ve bu uygulamalardan
bazıları nesilden nesle aktarılmak suretiyle farklı şekillerde günümüze kadar
ulaşmıştır.

Bu
çalışmada Düzce’de yaşayan topluluklar arasında görülen “ev” ile ilgili inanışlar
ve uygulamalar değerlendirilmiş, konularına göre sınıflandırılmış, bu inanış ve
uygulamalarda eski inanışlara dair izler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.

Çalışmamızda
yer alan bilgiler, saha çalışması yapılarak ve yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi
kullanılarak kaynak kişilerden derlenmiştir. Kimi zaman gruplar ile kimi zaman
da bireysel görüşmeler yapılarak bilgiler toplanmış, alınan cevaplar ses kayıt
cihazı ve kamera ile kaydedilmiş ve deşifre edilen bilgiler incelenmiştir.
Yaşlı Bireylerde Algılanan Sosyal Desteğin Yaşam Doyumu Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: AYDINER BOYLU Ayfer , GÜNAY Gülay
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmada yaşlı bireylerin algıladıkları sosyal destek
düzeyinin yaşam doyumları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın
örneklemine Ankara’nın Çankaya ilçesine
bağlı farklı sosyoekonomik düzeydeki 60 ve daha yukarı yaş grubunda olan
bireyler arasından sistematik örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 516 kişi
alınmıştır. Tek yönlü varyans analizi
sonuçlarına göre yaşlı bireylerin birlikte yaşadıkları bireyler (p<0.001),
çocuklarını görme sıklıkları (p<0.001) akrabalarını görme sıklıkları
(p<0.001) ve sosyal destek algısı arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı iken yaşam doyumu ile sadece çocuklarını görme sıklıkları (p<0.001)
ve akrabalarını görme sıklıkları (p<0.001) arasında anlamlı bir ilişki
olduğu bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda algılanan sosyal destek düzeyinin yaşam
doyumunun önemli bir yordayıcısı olduğu sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır.
Genç Bir Osmanlı Aydını Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan’ın Paris Tutulması: Belde yahut Divaneliklerim
Authors: AYDOĞDU Yusuf
Published: July 2018

Abdülhak
Hâmid Tarhan, Tanzimat’ın ikinci kuşağı adlandırılan sanatçılar içerisinde biyografisi,
eserleri, yaşantısı ve kendine has mizacıyla bu kuşaktaki en farklı
sanatçıların başında gelmektedir. Şiir, tiyatro, manzum piyes, mektup gibi
birçok türde eser vermiş olan Hâmid’in hayatı ile eserleri arasında sıkı bir
bağ olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Özellikle şiirlerinde yaşadığı şehirleri,
gördüğü manzaraları şiirleştirme çabasında olan Hâmid’in Belde yahut
Divaneliklerim (1885) adlı şiir kitabı bunun en tipik örneklerindendir.
Genç yaşlarda Paris’e gitme imkânı bulan bir Hariciye memurunun yaşadığı
şaşkınlığı ve hayranlığı içeren manzumelerden oluşan bu eser, birçok yönüyle
19. Yüzyılın en önemli kültür merkezi olan Paris’in genç bir Osmanlı aydınında
yarattığı tesiri göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Hâmid, Paris’in sadece
mekânsal olarak etkisinde kalmamış, o şehri oluşturan bütün unsurları bir
hayret ve şaşkınlıkla karşılamış, gördüğü birçok unsuru şiirleştirme çabası
içerisine girişmiştir.

Bu
çalışma; Abdulhak Hâmid Tarhan’ın Belde ve Divaneliklerim adlı eserini
merkeze alarak 19. yüzyılda Paris’e giden genç bir Osmanlı aydınının bu şehirde
yaşadıklarının şiirlerindeki yansımalarını tespit etme çabasıdır.