bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Need to Update the Research Methodology in Criminal Law Science
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pudovochkin Y. E. , Babayev M.M.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The current state of criminal-political theory requires not only a substantive, but also a methodological renewal. This is both through the active creation of new methods and research directions, and also by utilization of already well established methodological principles. One of these principles, is the principle of unity and the struggle of opposites, which taken together constitute the core of dialectical methodology. This to some extent discredited in the history of Russian science, but its potential has not been fully revealed. Deprived of ideological flair, the study of criminal policy from the point of view of analysing its constituent contradictions is a new and promising area of research in the sphere of domestic legal science. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out using the tradition of dialectical understanding of the content and essence of any social phenomenon. This is by a methodology where its state at each specific moment of time is determined by the content and ratio of the opposites that form this phenomenon. From these positions, the current practice of the implementation of criminal policy and its assessment in modern literature are the subject of research. Results. In the analysis of the system of contradictions in criminal policy, it is promising to single for future independent research, two areas. The first is contradictions in the development and contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy. The second is the representation of the relationship between the opposite characteristics of the functioning of criminal policy at a given moment in time. This develops within a certain interval of policy development and manifests itself as a type of tendency. They can both be presented in the form of several groups that reveal the dialectic of the ideal and the material, the structure and functions of the system, the forthcomingly due and the current existing. Discussion and Conclusion. It is fundamentally important to distinguish between contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy and the subjective assessment of criminal policy itself as contradictory. If the subjective assessment is largely dictated by the ideological position of the observer, then the objective contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy are characterised by the eternal coexistence of opposites and their indestructibility. This presupposes their resolution in the context of the multi-vector development of society on a democratic basis by reaching agreement, and in some cases a compromise. The resolution of contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy should be subordinated not so much to the goal of optimising lawmaking or law enforcement activities, but rather to the goal of minimising crime and protecting constitutional values from criminal threats.
Language And Teeth Information Carriers State Of Internal Organs
Authors:   Doctor Dentist, Teacher At The Department Of Therapeutic And Orthopedic Stomatology International Kazakh-Turkish University Named After Hodja Ahmed Yasaui. Kazakhstan, Fayziyeva Sevara Atakhanovna , Irismetov Sirojiddin Makhammadaminovich ,   Doctor Dentist, Teacher At The Department Of Therapeutic And Orthopedic Stomatology International Kazakh-Turkish University Named After Hodja Ahmed Yasaui. Kazakhstan
Published: January 2021

As a result of electron-microscopic examinations, enamel prisms in the transverse position, they look like arches and roofs. When we cross the enamel prisms, we see diagonals, polygonal prisms. When they are parallel, when they are cut lengthwise, we see the planes, the fibers parallel to each other. Because enamel prisms are curved in an S-shape, some appear transverse and others parallel when cut. The result is light and dim roads, called Schroeder roads
PENGARUH SOLVABILITAS DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN RESTAURANT, HOTEL & TOURISM YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2017
Authors: Chudri Intan Rizkia
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh solvabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan, baik secara individu (parsial) maupun bersama-sama (simultan). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian sensus, yakni memasukkan semua perusahaan restaurant, hotel tourism yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang telah memenuhi kriteria ke dalam data pengamatan. Periode pengamatan data penelitian dari tahun 2015 s.d 2017 yang berjumlah 66 perusahaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda linear. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa solvabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, baik secara individu (parsial) maupun bersama-sama (simultan).
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN BUDAYA PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP INTENSITAS PERAN AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI DI PROVINSI NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM
Authors: Abdurrahman Mulyadi
Published: January 2021

Accounting practice is not just technical, but also a social practice and culture, as social and cultural practices, accounting course is not a stuck, it could have the power to affect the social life of the people (Rashid, 2002:6), even as the son of local culture (Masturi, 2003:3). Accounting education is needed as the factor as a function of culture and control, it can also have a strong influence on the intensity of management accounting role within the scope of higher education. Previous findings showed that there is a gap between academics and practitioners, no doubt management accountant position himself as advisers and managers are not confident about the reliability of the techniques of management accounting. (Rashid, 1998; Son, and Naim, 2000:282Instruments used consists of the dimensions of the cultural characteristics and intensity of management accounting role include management accounting information systems, decision making, and planning and control developed by Hofstede et., All (1990). Population and study take sample from leaders/managers, teachers / lecturers, and academic staff / finance at several universities in the province of Aceh through questionnaires of 197 respondents, and 132 questionnaire return rate of respondents (67%). Method of analysis performed using regression analysis, and data processing performed using SPPS version 12.These results has indicating in the higher education cultural environment that characterized the results orientation IPAM have rates higher than the cultural characteristics of the process, the same result has obtained that the cultural environment characterized by a closed system has IPAM higher rates than open systems. Overall environmental impact of the educational culture IPAM in PT in the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam for 21.5%., And the remaining 78.5% influenced by other factorsÂ Keywords: Culture, Environment Education, and The intensity of Management Accounting RoleÂ
PENERAPAN STRUKTUR PENGENDALIAN INTERN PEMBIAYAAN PADA BAITUL QIRADH SURYA MADINAH BANDA ACEH
Authors: - Aliamin
Published: January 2021

Pengendalian intern dan pembiayaan sangat penting artinya bagi setiap lembaga keuangan termasuk baitul qiradh. Tanpa adanya pengendalian intern dan pembiayaan maka baitul qiradh akan dihadapkan pada risiko kegagalan dalam menjalankan usahanya. Apalagi penyaluran pembiayaan merupakan salah ujung tombak kegiatan operasional dan usaha baitul qiradh, sehingga kelangsungan usaha baitul qiradh sangat tergantung dari sejauhamana manajemen baitul qiradh mampu melakukan pengendalian dan pengawasan pembiayaan secara baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan struktur pengendalian intern pembiayaan pada Baitul Qiradh Surya Madinah Banda Aceh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan terdiri dari pengamatan (observasi) dan wawancara (interview) dengan karyawan baitul qiradh tersebut. Selanjutnya data dianalisis secara kualitatif mengacu pada teori-teori terkait.Penelitian menemukan bahwa pengendalian intern pada Baitul Qiradh Surya Madinah sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Pengendalian intern pada baitul qiradh tersebut diwujudkan dalam bentuk adanya struktur organisasi yang menggambarkan pemisahan fungsi pengawasan, pencatatan, dan fungsi penyimpanan. Selain itu dalam upaya pengendalian intern pada baitul qiradh tersebut juga terdapat sistem pemberian wewenang dan prosedur pencatatan untuk mengendalian harta, utang pendapatan dan biaya. Dalam rangka pengendalian intern, Baitul Qiradh Surya Madinah Banda Aceh juga didukung oleh karyawan yang berkualitas dan memiliki kecakapan dalam bidang pekerjaan mereka masing-masing. Pengendalian pembiayaan pada Baitul Qiradh Surya Madinah sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Pengendalian pembiayaan pada baitul qiradh tersebut dimulai dari rencana pemberian pembiayaan, analisis permohonan pembiayaan, pengawasan pembiayaan dan pengumpulan pembiayaan.Â Keyword: CBIS, Kinerja Individual
PERANAN STRUKTUR PENGENDALIAN INTERN PENERIMAAN DAN PENGELUARAN KAS PADA BAITUL QIRADH AMANAH
Authors: - Syamsidar , - Idayani
Published: January 2021

Pengendalian Intern Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Kas pada Baitul Qiradh secara umum memiliki peran yang sudah seKeuangan Syariâ€™ah, Â yaitu pada struktur organisasi pembagian tugas, wewenang dan pemisahan fungsi masing-masing pegawai belum berjalan optimal.Penerapan Struktur Pengendalian Intern menurut standar Koperasi Jasa Keuangan Syariâ€™ah seperti pencatatan terhadap kas telah dilakukan sesuai dengan bukti transaksi yang telah mendapat persetujuan pihak yang berwenang, namun bila dilihat dari pengarsipan dokumen masih kurang tertata dengan sempurna.Â Aktivitas perusahan sudah memadai, tetapi bila dilihat dari prosedur pengendalian belum adanya audit internal, hal tersebut seharusnya ada, untuk perbaikan terhadap pelaksanaan yang sudah ditetapkan oleh manajemen perusahaan dimasa mendatang.Â Kata Kunci: Standar Operasional, Pengendalian, Kas
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI ALOKASI BELANJA PENDIDIKAN PADA DINAS PENDIDIKAN PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Yunina Fitri , Handayani Tika
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Aceh, dengan objeknya adalah pengalokasian belanja pendidikan, yang bertujuan untuk diuji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengalokasian belanja pendidikan tersebut, dengan faktor yang digunakan adalah dana otonomi khusus, dana alokasi khusus (DAK), dan kinerja keuangan yang dilihat dari sisa lebih pembiayaan anggaran (SiLPA).Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder, berupa laporan rekapitulasi realisasi anggaran pelaksanaan kegiatan Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Aceh selama tahun anggaran 2013-2015, dengan teknik analisis datanya menggunakan pengujian regresi linear berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan baik secara parsial maupun simultan, dana otonomi khusus, DAK dan SiLPA berpengaruh terhadap alokasi belanja pendidikan pada Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Aceh, dengan besarnya pengaruh sebesar 75%.
I'M GIVEN A CORPUS – WHAT TO DO WITH IT? CORPUS TECHNOLOGIES IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Лебедева М.Ю.
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена корпусной лингводидактике – прикладной междисциплинарной области, изучающей возможности, преимущества и ограничения применения языковых корпусов в обучении языку. В сфере обучения русскому языку, в том числе РКИ, это направление только развивается, однако уже сейчас очевиден потенциал корпусного подхода как в практике преподавания языка, так и в развитии методики РКИ; как на уровне создания учебных материалов, так и на уровне разработки автоматизированных обучающих систем и других продуктов на стыке лингводидактики и информационных технологий. В статье предлагается обзор направлений корпусной лингводидактики русского языка, таких как корпусное преподавание, разработка средств обучения с опорой на корпус и создание специальных корпусов для прикладных лингводидактических задач.

Сorpus linguistics, corpus-based languagу teaching, corpus-driven language teaching, corpora, corpus technologies.
The article is devoted to the possibilities, advantages and limitations of the use of language corpora in language teaching. In the field of teaching the Russian language, including Russian as a foreign language, this direction is only developing, however, the potential of the corpus approach is already obvious both in the practice of teaching the language and in the development of the RFL methodology; both in creating educational materials, and in developing automated training systems and other products. The article offers an overview of the areas of utilizing corpora in Russian language teaching, such as direct use, indirect use and the creation of special corpora for applied pedagogical problems. The article opens the special issue. The article was prepared in full within the state assignment of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for 2020-2024 (No. FZNM-2020-0005)
RUSSIAN SET EXPRESSIONS IN SPEECH OF FOREIGNERS: CORPUS APPROACH
Authors: Еремина О.С.
Published: January 2021

Ошибки при выборе устойчивых/несвободных выражений характерны для речи иностранцев даже с высоким уровнем владения русским языком. Частотность этих ошибок вызвана широкой распространенностью таких выражений в языке и связана с их семантической непрозрачностью и нередкими расхождениями между внешним морфологическим оформлением и реальной грамматической функцией. Анализ ошибок в использовании иностранцами несвободных выражений на материале Русского учебного корпуса показывает, что трудности у студентов РКИ могут быть разной природы и возникают при использовании в речи устойчивых выражений самых разных типов. Использование таких корпусных ресурсов, как Национальный корпус русского языка и Ruskell, может помочь студентам в работе над развитием навыков правильного употребления русских несвободных выражений. В статье представлены рекомендации по выбору ресурса и ожидаемые ограничения в их использовании.

Errors made in choosing or structuring a set expression are quite common for foreign speakers of Russian even for those with a good mastering of the language. The large amount of these errors is caused by the frequency of set expressions in the language, and is associated with their semantic opacity and with well-known discrepancies between their morphological form and grammatical function. These discrepancies can vary and are depend on the degree of freedom of the expression’s elements (i.e. on the type of the expression).The analysis of errors in set expressions in the Russian Learner Corpus; has demonstrated that the difficulties that the students face can be of different nature and are manifested in various types of expressions. Use of corpus resources such as the Russian National Corpus and Ruskell may help improve students’ proficiency in Russian set expressions. The applicability and effectiveness of these resources varies for set expressions of different types. The paper provides recommendations for choosing efficient corpus recourses, and indicates restrictions of different corpora.
ON THE RELEVANCE OF CORPUS DATA FOR TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE. THE EXAMPLE OF CREATING VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Authors: МОРОЗОВА П.А.
Published: January 2021

В статье проводится мысль о наличии особых условий, при которых лингвистический корпус из необъятного набора данных способен превратиться в рабочий инструмент для решения насущных задач преподавателя РКИ. Описывается реальный опыт составления лексико-грамматических упражнений на корпусной основе, предназначенных для немецкоязычных школьников, имеющих пробелы в изучении русской падежной системы. Особое внимание в статье уделяется логике формирования сложных поисковых запросов для отбора единиц с нужными лексико-грамматическими параметрами.

This article suggests that there is a number of special conditions under which a linguistic corpus can turn from an puzzling immense data set into a working tool meeting the requirements of a Russian language teacher, and describes the first-hand experience of using a corpus to compose vocabulary and grammar exercises intended for German-speaking students who have difficulties studying Russian case system. Special attention is paid to the logic of composing complex search queries to select tokens with the necessary lexical and grammatical parameters.
FUNDAMENTAL SEMANTIC OPPOSITION «LIFE – DEATH» IN THE RUSSIAN SONG OF THE XXth CENTURY
Authors: Матрусова А.Н.
Published: January 2021

В статье на материале текстов русских песен ХХ в. рассматриваются аксиологемы «жизнь» и «смерть» как члены фундаментальной семантической оппозиции, принадлежащей русской языковой картине мира и лишь незначительно меняющейся на протяжении ХХ в.

The paper deals with the axiological subjects life and death as parts of the fundamental semantic opposition that belongs to the Russian linguistic worldview. The opposition is considered within the context of Russian songs.
On the legal regime of virtual assets in Ukraine and the world
Authors: MATVIIENKO Vladyslava , KOTENKO Artem
Published: January 2021

The development of the digital economy leads to the emergence of a new concept of “digital asset”. It is very important to ensure state regulation of relations related to the use of digital currency and their involvement in civil and commercial legal relations today. Thus, Ukraine will get closer to the technological leaders of the economic sphere. In addition, the IT sector will create additional motivation for Ukrainian and foreign professionals based on the favorable conditions that are created.
Issues related to solving the problem of anonymous unregulated cross-border transfers, corrupt settlements, money laundering are those that are currently being considered and require the adoption of a legal act.
Existing approaches are analyzed to determine the digital asset among scientists. The analysis showed that there is currently no single approach to the definition of virtual assets and cryptocurrencies. The existing substitution of concepts in the definition and this topic needs to be refined by scientists – practitioners.
The paper gives examples of states that have created regulations that allow to reveal the understanding of the components that should have the regulation of cryptocurrencies. In particular, the paper points to the models of legislation of such states as the Republic of Belarus, Great Britain and the United States.
Special attention is paid to attempts to legalize cryptocurrencies in Ukraine. In addition, existing bills aimed at regulating legal relations regarding the circulation, storage, possession, use and conduct of cryptocurrency transactions are subject to analysis.
The main factors of application of effective regulatory approaches to cryptocurrency transactions are determined.
It is argued that the creation of a transparent and effective system of regulation of legal relations in the use of virtual assets should lead to a positive investment climate in Ukraine.
Agreements Between Public Health Organizations and Food and Beverage Companies: Approaches to Improving Evaluation
Authors: Wiecha Jean L. , Muth Mary K.
Published: January 2021

Efforts in the United States and abroad to address the chronic disease epidemic have led to the emergence of voluntary industry agreements as a substitute for regulatory approaches to improve the healthfulness of foods and beverages. Because of the lack of access to data and limited budgets, evaluations of these agreements have often been limited to process evaluation with less focus on outcomes and impact. Increasing scientific scope and rigor in evaluating voluntary food and beverage industry agreements would improve potential public health benefits and understanding of the effects of these agreements. We describe how evaluators can provide formative, process, and outcome assessment and discuss challenges and opportunities for impact assessment. We explain how logic models, industry profiles, quasi-experimental designs, mixed-methods approaches, and third-party data can improve the effectiveness of agreement design and evaluation. These methods could result in more comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of voluntary industry agreements, thus providing data to bolster the public health impacts of future agreements. However, improved access to data and larger evaluation budgets will be needed to support improvements in evaluation.
THE EFFECT OF AGGREGATE INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM NARDL
Authors: Sakanko Musa , Obilikwu James , David Joseph
Published: January 2021

The vital role of foreign direct investment has been widely studied and documented in the economic literature; however, the argument remains largely on identifying the main determinants of FDI to developing countries. It is on this note, the quantitative research method was adopted to investigates the asymmetric relationship between aggregate institutional quality and foreign direct investment in Nigeria using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributive Lag (NARDL) model on quarterly time-series data from 1999 Q1 – 2019 Q4. The bounds test obtains revealed that long-run co-integrating relationship exist among the variables. The NARDL result shows that both in the short-run and long-run aggregate institutional quality have asymmetric and a statistically significant effect on foreign direct investment. The study recommends that the government should establish or strengthen the quality of institutional indicators and legal framework to assure confidence in the system to motivate Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow.
How did luxury brands do to overcome the COVID-19
Authors: Ma Qinglong
Published: January 2021

2020 is destined to be a year written in history. There is an unprecedented global outbreak of plague. By December 2020, there have been more than 78 million cases in the world, and more than 17 million patients died. The epidemic not only causes huge casualties in the world, but also has a huge impact on the economic world, especially for the luxury industry since the interests of the luxury industry largely depend on physical stores, offline services and other physical profit-making methods. The social isolation caused by the epidemic will greatly affect the income of offline services. This paper will make a detailed analysis of how the luxury industry spent the epidemic from three aspects: raising the price, increasing brand online operation services, and strengthening brand culture and product innovation. This paper will point out the excellent enterprises and brands in the face of difficulties in the face of excellent adaptability, as well as the brand internal management personnel excellent economic mind and wisdom.
Exploring the Theology of Selected Hymns: Towards an African Christian Theology of Mission
Authors: Boaheng Isaac
Published: January 2021

This paper explores the theological message embedded in the hymns: “The incarnate God appeared” and “Come Holy Spirit, come now”. Theological findings from these hymns are used to formulate an African Christian theology of mission based on thematic areas such as the trinitarian dimension of mission, the centrality of the cross in mission, mission as the core mandate of the Church and mission as incarnational agapaō. By this, the paper makes the message of the selected hymns accessible to the global Christian community, promotes the development of hymnody in the African church and at the same time provides a paradigm for Christian mission in the 21st century African society. This is a literature research that uses data from books, theses, journal articles, among others. The findings indicate that hymns constitute a great tool for the missionary enterprise of the church, therefore Christian hymns should be developed and promoted. It is recommended that, for Christian mission in Africa to be meaningful and relevant to Africans, it must endeavor to address the existential issue in African societies.

Key Words: Africa, Hymns, Christology, Mission, Pneumatology, Theology
Tinjauan Historis Teologis Tentang Baptisan Pada Masa Intertestamental
Authors: Kuswantoro Wahyu Wahono Adil
Published: January 2021

Baptisan Kristen berakar pada tulisan suci pada zaman Israel kuno dan berbagai praktik yang muncul pada periode intertestamental. Di berbagai cara, air digunakan pada zaman kuno untuk memurnikan orang atau benda, baik untuk memperbaiki keadaan kenajisan atau untuk mempersiapkan hubungan dengan yang sakral. Dalam memahami perkembangan pada periode intertestamental itu perlu dimulai dengan ikhtisar hukum dan praktik dalam periode Perjanjian Lama. Baptisan dalam Perjanjian Lama merupakan pembasuhan dengan air dan penebusan dengan menggunakan darah. Beberapa pengertian penting baptisan dalam Perjanjian Lama seperti pembasuhan dengan air, penghapusan akan dosa serta penebusan dengan darah. Hukum pencucian tetap berlaku selama intertestamental. Penggalian arkeologis selama empat puluh tahun terakhir ini mengungkap dan mengidentifikasi beberapa kolam pembenaman publik dan pribadi yang disebut miqva’ot (tunggal: miqveh). Selama periode intertestamental, beberapa undang-undang terkait pencucian adalah diperluas dan diberikan penerapan baru. Salah satu fitur penting adalah munculnya hubungan yang erat antara pencucian dan pertobatan. Tindakan pencucian, sering kali melibatkan pencelupan penuh, tidak hanya dikaitkan dengan pertobatan tetapi juga dengan pembaruan dan pemulihan nasional. Metode dalam makalah ini adalah studi pustaka, yang diarahkan kepada pencarian data dan informasi melalui dokumen-dokumen yang dapat mendukung dalam proses penulisan.
Spiral Arm Pattern Motion in the SAO 206462 Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Xie 谢 Chengyan 承炎 , Ren 任 Bin 彬 , Dong 董 Ruobing 若冰 , Pueyo Laurent , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Fang 方 Taotao 陶陶 , Mawet Dimitri , Stolker Tomas
Published: January 2021

Spiral arms have been observed in more than a dozen protoplanetary disks, yet the origin of nearly all systems is under debate. Multi-epoch monitoring of spiral arm morphology offers a dynamical way to distinguish two leading arm formation mechanisms: companion-driven and gravitational instability induction, since these mechanisms predict distinct motion patterns. By analyzing multi-epoch J-band observations of the SAO 206462 system using the SPHERE instrument on the Very Large Telescope in 2015 and 2016, we measure the pattern motion for its two prominent spiral arms in polarized light. On one hand, if both arms are comoving, they can be driven by a planet at

au on a circular orbit, with gravitational instability motion ruled out. On the other hand, they can be driven by two planets at

au and

au, offering tentative evidence (3.0σ) that the two spirals are moving independently. The independent arm motion is possibly supported by our analysis of a re-reduction of archival observations using the NICMOS instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 1998 and 2005, yet artifacts including shadows can manifest spurious arm motion in HST observations. We expect future re-observations to better constrain the motion mechanism for the SAO 206462 spiral arms.
A Sharp Rise in the Detection Rate of Broad Absorption Line Variations in a Quasar SDSS J141955.26+522741.1
Authors: Zhao Qinyuan , He Zhicheng , Liu Guilin , Wang Tinggui , Guo Hengxiao , Shen Lu , Mou Guobin
Published: January 2021

We present an analysis of the variability of broad absorption lines (BALs) in a quasar SDSS J141955.26+522741.1 at z = 2.145 with 72 observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 (SDSS DR16). The strong correlation between the equivalent widths of BALs and the continuum luminosity, reveals that the variation of BAL troughs is dominated by the photoionization. The photoionization model predicts that when the time interval ΔT between two observations is longer than the recombination timescale t
rec, the BAL variations can be detected. This can be characterized as a “sharp rise” in the detection rate of BAL variation at ΔT = t
rec. For the first time, we detect such a “sharp rise” signature in the detection rate of BAL variations. As a result, we propose that the t
rec can be obtained from the “sharp rise” of the detection rate of BAL variation. It is worth mentioning that the BAL variations are detected at the time intervals less than the t
rec for half an order of magnitude in two individual troughs. This result indicates that there may be multiple components with different t
rec but the same velocity in an individual trough.
Electromagnetic Signatures of Relativistic Explosions in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Perna Rosalba , Lazzati Davide , Cantiello Matteo
Published: January 2021

The disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), traditionally studied as feeders of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at their centers, are also hosts to massive stars and hence their neutron star (NS) and black hole (BH) remnants. Migration traps and gas torques in these disks favor binary formation and enhance the rate of compact object mergers. In these environments both long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from the death of massive stars and short GRBs from NS–NS to NS–BH mergers are expected. However, their properties in the environment of AGN disks have never been studied. Here we show that GRBs in AGN disks can display unique features, owing to the unusual relative position of the shocks that characterize the burst evolution and the Thomson photosphere of the AGN disk. In dense environments, for example, a relativistic reverse shock develops early, likely powering the prompt emission instead of internal shocks. The transient’s time evolution is also compressed, yielding afterglow emission that is brighter and may peak earlier than for GRBs in the interstellar medium. Additionally, in regions of the disk that are sufficiently dense and extended, the light curves are dominated by diffusion, since the fireball remains inside the disk photosphere throughout the entire evolution. These diffusion-dominated transients emerge on timescales of days in disks around SMBHs of ∼ 106
M
⊙ to years for SMBHs of ∼ 108
M
⊙. Finally, a large fraction of events, especially in AGNs with SMBHs ≲ 107
M
⊙, display time-variable absorption in the X-ray band.
Sortir le religieux de sa boîte noire. Pour repenser de manière fructueuse pour tous les rapports société civile/religions
Authors: Gisel Pierre
Published: January 2021

Selon Pierre Gisel , pour bien poser les rapports religions/société, il convient d’en repenser les deux termes. Repenser la société pour elle-même, mais à l’encontre d’une tendance contemporaine à l’homogénéisation et à un refoulement de questions humaines de fond. Et repenser la religion pour elle-même, à l’encontre d’une idéologisation de ses affirmations, frauduleusement autonomisées et déculturées. Cela passe par le détour d’une histoire longue et différenciée. Et cela peut déboucher sur une mise en place du social et du religieux qui ouvre sur une productivité des différences, renouvelante pour tous.
Psychiatric Nurses' Perceptions of Therapeutic Alliance With Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Survey Study
Authors: Panozzo Gina , Harris Barbara
Published: January 2021

Research on nurse–patient relationships with the schizophrenia population is sparse. The current study piloted a survey to explore therapeutic relationships. Fifty-one psychiatric nurses completed an online survey on therapeutic relationships with the schizophrenia population. Factor and chi-square analysis yielded preliminary findings. Fifteen of 16 survey items loaded onto four factors at ≥0.4. A significant association between level of education and professional certification and comfort working with patients with schizophrenia was found. Survey modifications and a larger sample size may generate useful information and clarify the relationship among education, certification, and comfort. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59
(4), 21–29.]
Open Dialogue Approach: Exploring and Describing Participants' Experiences in an Open Dialogue Training Program
Authors: Jacobsen Ritva Kyrrø , Grov Ellen Karine , Østefjells Tiril , Karlsson Bengt
Published: January 2021

Open dialogue (OD) is a family-oriented approach that has demonstrated good outcomes in treatment of first-episode psychosis. OD focuses on communication as a joint process of constructing meaning among patients, their social networks, and professionals. The current study investigates how 42 participants experienced a training program in OD. The study comprises a cohort with a longitudinal design. Data were collected by means of semi-structured questionnaires and contained quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive analysis was performed to analyze quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Findings show that participants' learning outcomes and confidence with using OD with patients, social networks, and professionals increased significantly throughout the training program. Reflection and role play were essential learning methods. Participants defined themselves as in-progress and considered the training program educational, engaging, and varied. Three main themes arose from the data:
Developing an OD Training Program
,
Competence Development “From Novice to Expert
,” and
Participation and Commitments
. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59
(5), 38–47.]
Palais du Meshouar (Tlemcen, Algérie) : couleurs des zellijs et tracés de décors du xive siècle
Authors: Charpentier Agnès , Terrasse Michel , Bachir Redouane , Ben Amara Ayed
Published: January 2021

La demeure des xive-xve siècles mise au jour à Tlemcen a servi de support à une étude pluridisciplinaire des décors de zellij. L’objectif était de caractériser, pour ce moment du Moyen Âge maghrébin islamique, un savoir-faire technique, de mettre en lumière des échanges commerciaux relatifs à l’approvisionnement des pigments, et aussi d’analyser les compositions géométriques de ces décors. L’étude des tracés a mis en lumière l’existence de modules qui structurent tous les motifs décoratifs. Ceux-ci s’inscrivent dans l’art développé, à la même époque, dans le monde islamique occidental mais présentent toutefois des particularités : changements d’échelles, disposition de la polychromie. Les analyses chimiques sur les cinq types définis ont mis en lumière une grande permanence dans la composition du support céramique ainsi que dans la nature des chromogènes et ce quels que soient les motifs et leur datation. Seule la couleur noire présente une variabilité dans l’emploi du fer et du manganèse. L’ensemble des glaçures est plombifère, tandis que l’oxyde d’étain, employé dans un pourcentage assez important, caractérise peut-être les ateliers tlemcéniens. Cette recherche constitue une première étude sur un nombre relativement important d’échantillons et pourra servir de comparaisons pour des futurs travaux.
TNF-α Regulates Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Suppressing IFN-α Production and Enhancing T Cell Activation
Authors: Psarras Antonios , Antanaviciute Agne , Alase Adewonuola , Carr Ian , Wittmann Miriam , Emery Paul , Tsokos George C. , Vital Edward M.
Published: January 2021

Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a vital role in modulating immune responses. They can produce massive amounts of type I IFNs in response to nucleic acids via TLRs, but they are also known to possess weak Ag-presenting properties inducing CD4+ T cell activation. Previous studies showed a cross-regulation between TNF-α and IFN-α, but many questions remain about the effect of TNF-α in regulating human pDCs. In this study, we showed that TNF-α significantly inhibited the secretion of IFN-α and TNF-α of TLR-stimulated pDCs. Instead, exogenous TNF-α promoted pDC maturation by upregulating costimulatory molecules and chemokine receptors such as CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CCR7. Additionally, RNA sequencing analysis showed that TNF-α inhibited IFN-α and TNF-α production by downregulating IRF7 and NF-κB pathways, while it promoted Ag processing and presentation pathways as well as T cell activation and differentiation. Indeed, TNF-α–treated pDCs induced in vitro higher CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation, enhancing the production of Th1 and Th17 cytokines. In conclusion, TNF-α favors pDC maturation by switching their main role as IFN-α–producing cells to a more conventional dendritic cell phenotype. The functional status of pDCs might therefore be strongly influenced by their overall inflammatory environment, and TNF-α might regulate IFN-α–mediated aspects of a range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Acidic Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Regulates Eosinophil-Mediated Pathology during Filarial Manifestation of Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Sharma Aditi , Ganga Laxmi , Satoeya Neha , Jha Ruchi , Srivastava Mrigank
Published: January 2021

Eosinophils mediate pathological manifestations during tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE), a potentially fatal complication of lymphatic filariasis, by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, and pharmacological and functional studies, we identified acidic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) as the master regulator of TPE pathogenesis. FACS-sorted lung eosinophils from TPE mice exhibited aiPLA2-dependent activation characterized by heavy calcium influx, F-actin polymerization, increased degranulation, and heightened reactive oxygen species generation. Interestingly, aiPLA2 also promoted alternative activation in lung macrophages and regulated the release of inflammatory intermediates from them. Treatment of TPE mice with MJ33, a nontoxic pharmacological inhibitor of aiPLA2, lowered eosinophil counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, reduced eosinophil peroxidase and β-hexosaminidase activity, increased airway width, improved lung endothelial barrier, and lowered the production of inflammatory lipid intermediates, which significantly improved the pathological condition of the lungs. Importantly, ex vivo reconstitution of arachidonic acid to eosinophils from MJ33-treated TPE mice increased eosinophil degranulation and inflammatory lipid intermediates underlining the pivotal role of aiPLA2 in arachidonic acid metabolism. Mechanistically, phosphorylation of JNK-1 regulated phospholipase activity of aiPLA2, whereas IgG cross-linking mediated pathological activation of eosinophils. Taken together, ours is the first study, to our knowledge, to report hitherto undocumented role of aiPLA2 in regulating TPE pathogenesis.
Indocyanine green beyond quantitative liver function tests – An adjuvant in pediatric imaging
Authors: Jacob Tarun John K. , Thomas Gordon
Published: January 2021

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a nontoxic, inert, anionic water-soluble tricarbocyanine dye with ability to fluorescence when light of the near infrared spectrum is focused onto it with a customized camera. ICG has been known as a diagnostic agent for decades. As with many diagnostic modalities in the medicine, the use of ICG has slowly expanded to find varied and novel applications in the clinical practice. Its use as an imaging modality in pediatric surgery is only increasingly being recognized. The uses of ICG range from bile duct identification, biliary atresia surgery, bowel ischemia delineation, tumor detection, parathyroid identification, and lymph leak detection to name a few. Its safety profile, property to bind to plasma proteins, and be excreted exclusively in the bile make it ideal for intraoperative pediatric surgical imaging. Data on ICG use in children are limited to a handful of case reports and few case cohorts globally. A broad literature search on the history of ICG use, pharmacology, licensing applications, and clinical reports specifically for pediatric populations was carried out. This review was done with intent to analyze the safety profile and compile the various indications of ICG use in children. The dye finds ever expanding clinical uses in our large tertiary referral unit for children in NSW, Australia, and it was our intent to create a protocol that allows for its safe use in routine clinical practice. This protocol created will benefit not only our patients, but is one that can be adopted for other pediatric surgical services worldwide.
Safety profile of adenosine stress cardiac MRI in a tertiary hospital in India
Authors: Raj Vimal , Pudhiavan A , Hrishikesh VJ , Ali Asik , Kothari Richa
Published: January 2021

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) using vasodilator agent is well established in assessing the functional significance of CAD. Adenosine is the preferred agent, but can have severe side effects including dyspnoea, chest pain, atrioventricular block or bronchospasm. The stress CMR examination is not routinely performed in many of the clinical imaging departments in India. Objective: The aim of this study was to establish safety of adenosine as a pharmacological stressor agent for CMR in a tertiary care radiology department in India. Methods: A review of all patients undergoing stress CMR in our institution from May 2018 to May 2019 was made. Records were reviewed to collect response parameters and documented adverse reactions. Results: A total of 1057 patients underwent stress CMR during this period. No death, myocardial infarction or atrio-ventricular block related complications were seen. Transient hypotension was seen in 20 patients (1.8’) with spontaneous recovery after stopping infusion. Chest pain and breathlessness severe enough to discontinue the scan were seen in 6 (0.5’) and 10 (0.9’) patients, respectively. All patients with breathlessness recovered on low flow oxygen therapy with three requiring bronchodilator. Out of six patients with chest pain, three had immediate relief with sublingual nitroglycerin, and three required hospital admission for unstable angina. Of the latter three, 1 underwent revascularization on the same day and other two later in the week. Conclusion: Stress CMR using adenosine in appropriately selected patients is a highly safe procedure with significant side effects seen in less than 1’ of patients. Therefore, it is safe to perform stress CMR studies in a fully equipped and well-trained radiology department in India.
Calcitriol potentially alters HeLa cell viability via inhibition of autophagy
Authors: Setiawan Iwan , Lesmana Ronny , Goenawan Hanna , Suardi Dodi , Gatera Vesara Ardhe , Abdulah Rizky , Judistiani Raden Tina Dewi , Supratman Unang , Setiabudiawan Budi
Published: January 2021

Objective:

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Calcitriol on cellular death in HeLa cells via autophagy and turn over due to mitochondria homeostasis.

Methods:

HeLa cell lines were grown in 24-well plates and treated with Calcitriol at varying doses (0.013 μM-0.325 μM) for varying time periods (2, 6, 12, and 18 h). Cell proteins were extracted with scrapers and lysed using RIPA buffer. Western blots were performed for proteins involved with autophagy (Lc3, p62), signaling (mTOR, PI3K, HIF1α), mitochondria (PGC1α, COX4, and Tom 20), and apoptosis (Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and PARP). Protein carbonyl levels were determined by measuring the indirect ROS level. An inhibition study using L-mimosine was performed to analyze the significance of HIF1α.

Results:

Calcitriol treatment induced cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner and caused growth arrest in HeLa cells. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway was activated, leading to inhibition of autophagy and alterations in mitochondria biogenesis homeostasis. Treatment with Calcitriol produced protein carbonyl levels similar to those in the cisplatin-treated and control groups. Increased ROS levels may cause toxicity and induce cell death specifically in cancer cells but not in normal cells. The inhibition of HIF1α partially rescued the HeLa cells from the toxic effects of Calcitriol treatment.

Conclusion:

We suggest that Calcitriol may shut down mitochondrial homeostasis in HeLa cells by inducing the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and inhibiting autophagy, which leads to cell death.
Characteristics of Designated Institutional Officials and Sponsoring Institutions of ACGME-Accredited Training Programs
Authors: D'Souza Ryan S. , Langford Brendan , D'Souza Shawn , Rose Steven , Long Timothy
Published: January 2021

Background

Since the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) established the designated institutional official (DIO) role in 1998, there have been major changes in sponsoring institutions (SIs) and DIO responsibilities. Yet there remains a large gap in our knowledge regarding baseline SI and DIO characteristics as well as a need for institutions wanting to increase diversity in the DIO role and other leadership positions within the medical education community.

Objective

We sought to characterize demographics of DIOs and the SIs they oversee.

Methods

We identified SIs and DIOs on the ACGME website on February 15, 2020. Reviewed data included SI accreditation status, number of programs and resident/fellow positions, and DIO characteristics.

Results

We identified 831 SIs. SIs with continued accreditation sponsored more programs (median 4.0) than SIs with initial accreditation (median 1.0, P < .001). DIO age ranged from 29–81 years (median 57 years). Two-hundred eighty-three of 831 (34%) DIOs were women. Of 576 DIOs with known academic rank, 356 (62%) DIOs held senior academic rank. A higher proportion of male DIOs had senior academic rank (68% vs 52%; OR 1.90 [95% CI 1.34–2.70]; P < .001) and professor rank (39% vs 24%; OR 2.01 [95% CI 1.38–2.94]; P < .001) compared to female DIOs. Female gender was associated with a greater number of ACGME-accredited programs and filled resident/fellow positions per SI (P < .001 for both).

Conclusions

This study describes characteristics of DIOs and SIs and offers insights for those pursuing a DIO position.
Handheld Ultrasound Device Usage and Image Acquisition Ability Among Internal Medicine Trainees: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Buesing Jessica , Weng Yingjie , Kugler John , Wang Libo , Blaha Ondrej , Hom Jason , Ahuja Neera , Kumar Andre
Published: January 2021

Background

There is insufficient knowledge about how personal access to handheld ultrasound devices (HUDs) improves trainee learning with point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS).

Objective

To assess whether HUDs, alongside a yearlong lecture series, improved trainee POCUS usage and ability to acquire images.

Methods

Internal medicine intern physicians (n = 47) at a single institution from 2017 to 2018 were randomized 1:1 to receive personal HUDs (n = 24) for patient care/self-directed learning vs no-HUDs (n = 23). All interns received a repeated lecture series on cardiac, thoracic, and abdominal POCUS. Main outcome measures included self-reported HUD usage rates and post-intervention assessment scores using the Rapid Assessment of Competency in Echocardiography (RACE) scale between HUD and no-HUD groups.

Results

HUD interns reported performing POCUS assessments on patients a mean 6.8 (SD 2.2) times per week vs 6.4 (SD 2.9) times per week in non-HUD arm (P = .66). There was no relationship between the number of self-reported examinations per week and a trainee's post-intervention RACE score (rho = 0.022, P = .95). HUD interns did not have significantly higher post-intervention RACE scores (median HUD score 17.0 vs no-HUD score 17.8; P = .72). Trainee confidence with cardiac POCUS did not correlate with RACE scores.

Conclusions

Personal HUDs without direct supervision did not increase the amount of POCUS usage or improve interns' acquisition abilities. Interns who reported performing more examinations per week did not have higher RACE scores. Improved HUD access and lectures without additional feedback may not improve POCUS mastery.