bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Soft Power Strategies: Towards an Aggregative Analytical Model for Country-Focused Case Study Research
Authors: Patalakh Artem
Published: October 2016

The paper advances a realist analytical model for case studies of national soft power policies. First, it argues that for the purposes of realist analysis, a soft power policy must be considered as a rational strategy pursued under the conditions of competition. Furthermore, it emphasises the importance of taking into account the specificities of the recipient state as well as the fact that a soft power strategy is targeted at both its elite and its public. In addition, the article substantiates the necessity to draw a clear-cut distinction between soft power sources and instruments and shows possible shortcomings that research can have should this distinction fail to be made. Finally, the paper discusses the impact of a competitor’s presence on a soft power strategy and specifies the terms under which disregarding this impact may engender a wrong conclusion.
Physicochemistry, morphology and leachability of selected metals from post-galvanized sewage sludge from screw factory in Łańcut, SE Poland
Authors: Galas Dagmara , Kalembkiewicz Jan , Sitarz-Palczak Elżbieta
Published: October 2016

Morphology, physicochemical properties, chemical composition of post-galvanized sewage sludge from Screw Factory in Łańcut, leachability and mobility of metals has been analyzed. The analyses with the use of scanning electron microscope with an adapter to perform chemical analysis of microsites (EDS) showed that the material is characterized by a high fragmentation and a predominant number of irregularly shaped grains. The sewage sludge is alkaline with a large loss of ignition (34.6%) and small bulk density (< 1 g/cm3). The EDS analyses evidenced presence of oxygen, silicon, calcium, chromium, iron and zinc in all examined areas, and presence of manganese and copper in selected areas indicating a non-uniform distribution of metals in the sewage sludge. Within one-stage mineralization and FAAS technique a predominant share of calcium, zinc and iron in terms of dry matter was recorded in the sewage sludge. The contents of Co, Cr, Cu, K, Mn, Ni and Pb in sewage sludge are below 1%. Evaluation of mobility and leaching of metals in sewage sludge was carried out by means of two parameters: accumulation coefficient of mobile fractions and leaching level related to the mass solubility of sewage sludge. The results indicate that the short-term or long-term storage of not inactivated post-galvanized sewage sludge can result in release of metals.
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The Evolution of Methods and Devices for Generation, Exposure and Collection
Authors: Klus Hubert , Boenke-Nimphius Barbara , Müller Lutz
Published: October 2016

The objective of this review is to support tobacco scientists when evaluating information published on smoking machines, and on cigarette mainstream smoke (in vivo and in vitro) exposure systems and collection devices.

The intriguing development of smoking machines (mainly for cigarettes) is followed for more than 170 years - from the first simple set-ups in the 1840s to the sophisticated and fully automated analytical smoking machines available today. Systems for the large-scale production of smoke (condensate) for preparative work are equally considered. The standardization of machine smoking methods and test pieces has solved several technical problems and produced sensible rules but, at the same time, given rise to new controversies like the compatibility of artificial and human smoking, and the implementation of more intense machine smoking regimes.

Adequate space is allotted for the discussion of configurations for in vivo smoke exposure of rodent and non-rodent species and the machines generating the required smoke (condensate). Covered as well is the field of in vitro toxicity testing, including the increasingly informative new techniques of air-liquid interface exposure, which are becoming more and more refined with the use of organotypic cultures and genetic analyses.

The review is completed by the examination of the considerable variety of mainstream smoke collection devices (filters and traps) developed over time - some for very specific purposes - and refers to the perpetual problem of artifact formation by aging.
Sympatric song variant in mountain chickadees Poecile gambeli does not reduce aggression from black-capped chickadees Poecile atricapillus
Authors: Snell Cara L. , LaZerte Stefanie E. , Reudink Matthew W. , Otter Ken A.
Published: October 2016

When habitats overlap and species compete for resources, negative interactions frequently occur. Character displacement in the form of behavioural, social or morphological divergences between closely related species can act to reduce negative interactions and often arise in regions of geographic overlap. Mountain chickadees Poecile gambeli have an altered song structure in regions of geographic overlap with the behaviourally dominant black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus. Similar to European and Asian tits, altered song in mountain chickadees may decrease aggression from black-capped chickadees. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a playback study in Prince George, BC, Canada, to examine how black-capped chickadees responded to the songs of mountain chickadees recorded in regions where the two species were either sympatric or allopatric. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to collapse behavioural response variables into a single ‘approach’ variable and a single ‘vocalisation’ variable. We then used mixed-model analysis to determine whether there was a difference in approach or vocalisation response to the two types of mountain chickadee songs (allopatric songs and variant sympatric songs). Black-capped chickadees responded with equal intensity to both types of mountain chickadee songs, suggesting that the variant mountain chickadee songs from regions of sympatry with black-capped chickadees do not reduce heterospecific aggression. To our knowledge, this is the only instance of a character shift unassociated with reduced aggression in the family Paridae and raises interesting questions about the selective pressures leading to the evolution of this song divergence.
Plädoyer für eine evidenzbasierte Drogenpolitik in Deutschland
Authors: Wimber Hubert
Published: October 2016

Fast 45 Jahre nach Inkrafttreten des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes ist festzustellen, dass die vom Gesetzgeber angestrebten Ziele zum Schutz der Gesundheit der Bevölkerung nicht erreicht worden sind. Ganz im Gegenteil: Durch die im Gesetz enthaltenen Verkehrsverbote und durch die Strafbarkeit aller Umgangsformen mit Betäubungsmitteln haben sich die gesundheitlichen und sozialen Risiken für Drogenkonsumenten drastisch verschärft. Der vorliegende Artikel versucht eine Bestandsaufnahme und zeigt Alternativen zur gescheiterten repressiven Drogenpolitik auf.
Zwischen Sozialstaat und kultureller Heterogenität: Philanthropie und Patronage in deutschen und amerikanischen Städten im späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Bauerkämper Arnd
Published: October 2016

Der Beitrag behandelt das Verhältnis von Zivilgesellschaft und Kapitalismus anhand des philanthropischen Handels wirtschaftsbürgerlicher Eliten in deutschen und amerikanischen Städten von den 1870er Jahren bis 1914. In beiden Ländern war das Stiften und Spenden wohlhabender Unternehmer eine Form der Patronage. Für ihre Unterstützung erwarteten die reichen Geber jeweils Anerkennung und Loyalität. Zumindest in den großen Städten war die Wirkung großbürgerlicher Philanthropie als Instrument der Patronage jedoch zusehends begrenzt. In den Vereinigten Staaten bildete sich zunehmend eine differenzierte Kultur zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements heraus. In Deutschland verengte besonders der Aufstieg des Wohlfahrtsstaates die Spielräume der Patronagephilanthropie, obwohl beides vielerorts koexistierte.
Business Statesmanship: Zeit- und Verantwortungskonzepte der internationalen Privatwirtschaft im 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Spiliotis Susanne Sophia
Published: October 2016

Susanne-Sophia Spiliotis:Business Statesmanship: Zu Zeit- und Verantwortungskonzepten der internationalen Privatwirtschaft im 20. Jahrhundert (FJ SB 3/2016, S. 37-47)

Was die Wirtschaft über ihre eigene gesellschaftliche Verantwortung sagt, ändert sich im 20. Jahrhundert erheblich – kurz: von der frühen staatstragenden Rhetorik einerbusiness statesmanshiphin zurcorporate responsibilityals rein fakultativem gesellschaftlichem Engagement. Dem entspricht ein Wandel des Selbstbildes, das unternehmerisches Handeln in zunehmend kürzere Perspektiven rückt. Erst mit dem Topos der Nachhaltigkeit werden in jüngster Zeit langfristige Zeitbezüge wieder prominenter. Am Beispiel des Verantwortungsdiskurses der Internationalen Handelskammer (ICC), die sich als Sprachrohr der Privatwirtschaft weltweit versteht, lässt sich zeigen, welche Zeitbezüge im jeweiligen Konzept unternehmerischer Verantwortung und im entsprechenden Selbstverständnis maßgeblich sind, wie die jeweils spezifische Temporalität in die Veränderungen geopolitischer, sozialer und ökonomischer Strukturen eingebettet ist und inwiefern das Selbstverständnis der Wirtschaft als Teil der Zivilgesellschaft zum Kapitalismus gehört.

Susanne-Sophia Spiliotis: Business Statesmanship – Its Place In Time. On The Origins Of Corporate Responsibility In The 20th Century(FJ SB 3/2016, pp. 37-47)

In the 20th century the business discourse on corporate responsibility changed substantially roughly, from a lofty rhetoric ofbusiness statesmanshiptocorporate responsibilityas mere optional commitment. This shift correlates with a self-image that increasingly favors a shortterm perspective on corporate activities. Only after the concept of sustainability recently gained momentum, longterm temporal references became interesting again. By way of example the responsibility discourse of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) which perceives itself as the organization that represents private sector businesses worldwide, shows the different temporal references prevailing in the particular concepts of responsibility and in the corresponding self-concepts. The ICC discourse indicates how this particular temporality is embedded in socioeconomic and geopolitical change and to what extent the self-conception of business as collective part of civil society pertains to the logic of capitalism.
Genossenschaften, Konsum und Demokratie 1850-2000: Versuch eines Überblicks
Authors: Prinz Michael
Published: October 2016

Der Beitrag stellt das sich verändernde Verhältnis von Mitgliederbasis und Geschäftsführung in europäischen Konsumgenossenschaften des 19. und 20. Jahrhundert in den Vordergrund. Die demokratischen Potentiale und zivilgesellschaftlichen Funktionen der Konsumgenossenschaften werden herausgearbeitet. Weder hat es je einen basisdemokratischen Urzustand gegeben, noch zeichnet sich ein allgemeiner Trend zum Verfall oder zur Oligarchisierung ab. Vielmehr beobachtet man ein Auf und Ab im Wandel der Zeit und ausgeprägte Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern. Die heutige Situation in Europa ist vielfältig, das Internet bietet neue Möglichkeiten, das Terrain ist politisierbar.
Genossenschaften und Zivilgesellschaft: Historische Dynamiken und zukunftsfähige Potenziale einer ökosozialen Transformation
Authors: Elsen Susanne , Walk Heike
Published: October 2016

Seit einigen Jahren erlebt die genossenschaftliche Idee auch in Deutschland eine Renaissance. Das ist nicht verwunderlich, denn im Zuge der krisenhaften Entwicklungen des kapitalistischen Wirtschaftsgeschehens wird in allen Bereichen nach Alternativen gesucht und Genossenschaften sind bekanntlich seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts in vielen Teilen der Welt Notlösungen für wirtschaftlich schwierige Zeiten.
Die Politik der Zähmung des Kapitalismus im Wandel: Mitbestimmung und Beteiligung
Authors: Schroeder Wolfgang
Published: October 2016

Die Entwicklung der Arbeiterbewegung in Deutschland lässt sich einerseits als Prozess der programmatischen De-Radikalisierung und andererseits als Prozess des Rückzugs der Einflussnahme aus den gesellschaftlichen Lebensbereichen der Arbeitnehmerschaft beschreiben. Indem sich die Aktivitäten der Arbeiterbewegung von der Ablehnung zur Zähmung und Gestaltung des Kapitalismus entwickelten, reduzierten und konzentrierten sie ihre Politik auf die Gestaltung der betrieblichen Mitbestimmung. Aber auch die Politik der Mitbestimmung steht heute vor vielfältigen Herausforderungen, die auf veränderte Verhaltensweisen der Unternehmen wie auch auf weitere Anforderungen im Zuge der Globalisierung zurückzuführen sind.
Unter der erschütterten Oberfläche: Sozioökonomische Praktiken, Zivilgesellschaft und Resilienz in der europäischen Krise
Authors: Promberger Markus , Marinoudi Theodosia , Martin Maria Paz Martin
Published: October 2016

Die europäische Wirtschaftskrise seit 2007 hat teils dramatische Auswirkungen auf Familien und Haushalte mit geringem Einkommen. Gleichwohl gelingt es manchen dieser Familien, besser zurechtzukommen als andere, also besser resilient zu sein. Der Beitrag zeigt anhand von Fallbeispielen aus Griechenland, Spanien und Deutschland, welche Rolle dabei zivilgesellschaftliche Bezüge spielen. Vor allem informelle Netzwerke sind von hoher Bedeutung für die untersuchten Familien. Die etablierte und organisierte Zivilgesellschaft kann zur Resilienz vulnerabler Haushalte nur dort beitragen, wo sie Keime und Knotenpunkte für die Entstehung informeller Netzwerke bereitstellt.
Anderes Geld – anderes Wirtschaften? Unternehmen und Regiogeld
Authors: Degens Philipp
Published: October 2016

Philipp Degens:Anderes Wirtschaften mit Regiogeld (FJ SB 3/2016, S. 98-109)

Dieser Beitrag erkundet Regiogeld – eine Form lokaler Währungen als einen spezifischen Fall der Verschränkung von Wirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft. Regiogeld ist eine Form komplementärer Währungen, die auf die Stärkung lokaler Betriebe und der lokalen Wirtschaft abzielt. Basierend auf Feldforschungsergebnissen zum Brixton Pound in London, UK und Vorarlbergstaler in Österreich wird gezeigt, wie teilnehmende Unternehmen dem Regiogeld eine besondere soziale Bedeutung zuschreiben und es überwiegend zu konvivialen Zwecken verwenden. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass ein Spannungsfeld zwischen der spezifischen Qualtität von Regiogeld als besonderem Geld sowie dem Ziel einer Erhöhung seiner ökonomischer Wirkungen besteht.

Philipp Degens:Different business with local currencies (FJ SB 3/2016, pp. 98-109)

This paper explores Regiogeld a form of local currency , as a specific case of the entanglement of civil society and the economy are entangled. Regiogeld is a form of complementary currency that aims at strengthening local businesses and the local economy. Drawing on field research on the Brixton Pound in London, UK, and the Vorarlbergstaler in Austria, it is shown how businesses who participate in the schemes ascribe a particular social meaning to Regiogeld and use it predominantly for convivial purposes. It is argued that there is a tension between Regiogeld’s particular quality as special money and the objective to increase its economic impact.
Konsumboykotte im Spannungsfeld von Markt, Zivilgesellschaft und Staat: „Alte“ und Neue Soziale Bewegungen im Vergleich
Authors: Gerth Martin , Lingelbach Gabriele
Published: October 2016

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Geschichte von Boykotten in Deutschland. Letztere werden hier verstanden als konsumbasierte Proteste von Bewegungsakteuren, anhand derer sich die Überschneidungsbereiche verschiedener Handlungslogiken – des Marktes einerseits und der Zivilgesellschaft andererseits – nachvollziehen lassen. Um sowohl den historischen Wandel als auch Kontinuitäten dieses relationalen Verhältnisses eruieren zu können, werden in einem diachronen Vergleich Boykottbeispiele aus den „alten“ und den Neuen Sozialen Bewegungen gegenübergestellt. Trotz einer in beiden Bewegungsformen vorherrschenden antikapitalistischen Grundhaltung lässt sich dabei ein unterschiedlicher Umgang zivilgesellschaftlicher Akteure mit marktbasierten Protesten beobachten. Die Untersuchung schließt mit einer kurzen Betrachtung gegenwärtiger Neujustierungen des Verhältnisses von Markt und Zivilgesellschaft.
Neuere kapitalismuskritische und antikapitalistische Bewegungen
Authors: Rucht Dieter
Published: October 2016

Die in westlichen Ländern seit den 1970er Jahren abflauende linke Kapitalismuskritik hat seit dem Aufkommen globalisierungskritischer Bewegungen und nachfolgender Mobilisierungen (Occupy, Anti-Austerity-Bewegungen, Blockupy-Netzwerk, einer weiteren Generation von Antifa-Gruppen) wieder an Dynamik und Attraktivität gewonnen. Allerdings setzt diese Kritik auch neue Akzente und geht über einen traditionellen – zumal von revolutionärer Emphase getragenen – linken Antikapitalismus hinaus. In dem Beitrag wird (1) eine allgemeine Systematik kapitalismuskritischer Positionen vorgestellt und (2) die Entwicklung neuerer kapitalismuskritischer Bewegungen beleuchtet, um diese Bewegungen dann innerhalb eines zweidimensionalen politisch-ideologischen Koordinatensystems zu verorten. Schließlich wird (3) der Zusammenhang von Kapitalismuskritik und Zivilgesellschaft erörtert.
Neue Formen der Partizipation / Zivilgesellschaft, Rechtspopulismus und Postdemokratie
Authors: Crouch Colin
Published: October 2016

Die öffentliche Diskussion über das Verhältnis von Demokratie und Kapitalismus vergisst häufig, dass es einen gesellschaftlichen Raum jenseits von Wirtschaft und politischem System gibt, obwohl eng mit diesen verbunden: den Raum der Zivilgesellschaft, in dem soziale Bewegungen und viele andere Institutionen existieren. Diese Institutionen sind entscheidend für die Reform des öffentlichen Lebens, wenn sie auch die verfasste Demokratie nicht ersetzen können. Mittlerweile fordern Rechtsextremismen demokratische und zivilgesellschaftliche Institutionen gemeinsam heraus, mit ihrer Fähigkeit zur Mobilisierung von Bevölkerungen, die immer deutlicher keine Identität außerhalb der nationalen besitzen.
Prosumismus und Protest / Eine Polemik
Authors: Hellmann Kai-Uwe
Published: October 2016

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Aufkommen aktiver Konsumenten, speziell Prosumenten, die sich nicht bloß konsumtiv, sondern auch produktiv engagieren (do it yourself). Die Figur des Prosumenten wurde von Alvin Toffler 1980 erfunden, ohne damals große Aufmerksamkeit zu finden. Erst durch die sanfte Revolution hochinnovativer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien, insbesondere seit dem Web 2.0, hat sich im Laufe der letzten 20 Jahre ein stetiger Wandel des Konsumentenverhaltens für alle Generationen weltweit ergeben. Inzwischen scheint das Image des aktiven, engagierten, politisch agierenden Prosumenten das öffentliche Bewusstsein zu dominieren. Der Beitrag hinterfragt dieses Image polemisch.
Vergessene Potenziale assoziativen Lebens: Pluralismus, Funktionalismus und Freiheit bei G.D.H. Cole und H.J. Laski
Authors: Mossin Christiane
Published: October 2016

Der Beitrag bietet eine kritische Analyse der während und nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg entwickelten pluralistischen sozialistischen Visionen von G.D.H. Cole und H.J. Laski. Beide Theoretiker wollten den Kapitalismus von seinen sozialen Konsequenzen befreien, indem sie die Zivilgesellschaft demokratisierten. Coles Pluralismus fand seinen Ausdruck in der Vorstellung eines staatenlosen föderalen Systems komplementärer Assoziationen, Laski formulierte eine funktionale Theorie von Rechten auf Grundlage einer Idee des Staates als Gesamtkoordinator von Zivilgesellschaft. Sie beide feierten das Individuum als unendlich kreativ und nicht auf die Assoziationen reduzierbar, zu denen es gehört. Der Beitrag nimmt die Beziehung zwischen Funktionalismus und Freiheit in ihren Werken in den Blick und argumentiert, dass, obgleich beide Aspekte brilliant herausgearbeitet sind, trotzdem eine unauflösliche Spannung verbleibt.
Gleichheit Revisited: Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von Zivilgesellschaft und Märkten
Authors: Keane John
Published: October 2016

Im typischen frühen modernen Verständnis von Zivilgesellschaft war dieses wesentlich geprägt durch die Dynamik wie auch die Funktionsstörungen der Warenproduktion und des Handels. Der Essay untersucht, warum nahezu überall eine durch den Markt geprägte Zivilgesellschaft mit sich erweiternden Ungleichheiten von Wohlstand und Einkommen konfrontiert ist. Er stellt sich die Frage, ob die Dynamik des Marktes wie auch der durch den Markt entstehenden Ungleichheit heutzutage nicht geradezu destruktive Folgen für die Normen und Praktiken der Zivilgesellschaft haben. Wieso kann der Markt nicht in den positiven Begriffen der Pareto-Effizienz beschrieben werden und warum sollte es keine "natürlichen” Räume für soziale Kooperation, Freundschaft und Gleichheit geben? Der Essay erörtert die persönlichen, sozialen und auch die politischen Kosten der Ungleichheit. Er beleuchtet die Argumente dafür, dass die Bürgerinnen und Bürger und ihre Repräsentanten sich jetzt für die Reduktion der Ungleichheiten in Wohlstand und Einkommen einsetzen und die Entwicklung eines zivilgesellschaftlichen Marktes mit weniger Ungleichheitseffekten vorantreiben sollten. Der Essay macht deutlich, dass die kommunistischen, sozialistischen und anarcho-syndikalistischen Visionen des 19. Jahrhunderts über eine Abschaffung des kapitalistischen Marktes mittlerweile erschöpft sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich in diesen frühen Jahren des 21. Jahrhunderts die Frage: Wie ist es um die Chance bestellt, der alten Idee einer mehr an Gleichheit orientierten "moralischen Ökonomie” und einer durch Recht und Staat geschützten Zivilgesellschaft neuen Auftrieb zu geben?
Kritische Theorie und solidarische Ökonomie: Von den Frankfurter Schulen zu den Epistemologien des Südens
Authors: Laville Jean-Louis
Published: October 2016

Im Laufe der Zeit löste sich der Zweifel der kritischen Theorie am Sinn von Empowerment und Widerstand als einer blo ßen Illusion, die nur dazu führe, das existierende System zu akzeptieren, auf. Die ursprüngliche Beurteilung der sozialen und solidarischen Ökonomie seitens der kritischen Theorie stimmte paradoxerweise mit der reaktionären Rhetorik überein, die jeden Wunsch nach Veränderung als vergeblich ansieht. Die zweite Frankfurter Schule versuchte diese Sackgasse zu vermeiden, indem sie sich nicht mehr vor allem auf die Analyse von Herrschaft konzentrierte, sondern den Spannungen zwischen Kapitalismus und Demokratie mehr Aufmerksamkeit widmete. Obwohl diese Konzeptionalisierung Neuerungen bringt, löst sie sich nicht komplett von der klassischen kritischen Theorie. Es ist daher zentral, auf eine öffentliche Soziologie zuzusteuern und dabei die Perspektiven und Epistemologien des Südens aufzugreifen. Zusammen genommen können diese Ansätze zu einem Forschungsprogramm führen, das der kritischen Theorie eine Wendung gibt.

Along with time, critical theory went away from its original questioning the conditions of empowerment, confusing any resistance with an illusion leading to accept the existing system. The example of social and solidarity economy shows that the approach, which aims to be critical, is paradoxically close to the reactionary rhetoric of the futility of any wish of change. The second school of Frankfurt tries to avoid this deadlock dealing with tensions between capitalism and democracy more than concentrating on domination. Nevertheless, its conceptualizations, even if bringing renewal, are not totally emancipated from classic critical theory. Thus, it is important to head toward a public sociology and to address epistemologies from the south, committed to a hermeneutics of absences and emergences. If aggregated, these approaches can contribute to draw a research program providing a turn of the critical theory.
Neue Führung – neue Chance für ein Linksbündnis?
Authors: Bartsch Dietmar
Published: October 2016

Dietmar Bartsch sieht die Möglichkeit eines Rot-Rot-Grünen Bündnisses skeptisch. Nicht nur aufgrund inhaltlicher Differenzen zwischen den Partnern, sondern auch, weil sich die Rahmenbedingungen innerhalb des Parteiensystems verändert haben. Auéerdem dürfe nicht DIE LINKE als entscheidender Faktor für das Gelingen eines solchen Bündnisses in den Fokus gerückt werden. Wenn es gelingen sollte, müssten es alle Strömungen in der Partei mittragen. Das gilt aber für alle Parteien.
Merkels Formel der Macht / Zwischen Mitte und Modernisierung
Authors: Jung Matthias
Published: October 2016

Für Matthias Jung ist das Gelingen von Modernisierungsprozessen der entscheidende Faktor für Wahlerfolge. Anhand der CDU zeigt er, dass diese nur weiterhin erfolgreich sein kann, wenn sie an ihrem Modernisierungskurs festhält. Rufe nach einem konservativeren Programm sind auch angesichts der Erfolge der AfD unangebracht, da die überwiegende Mehrheit der Bevölkerung sich entideologisiert habe.
The Socio-Linguistic Paradox of Goa
Authors: Thomaz Luís Filipe F. R.
Published: October 2016

This article sets out to explore the socio-linguistic situation of Goa, a small territory corresponding to the former district of Goa of the Portuguese Estado da Índia, occupied and annexed by India in 1961. Goa had to choose between local language, Konkani, and the language of the neighbouring state of Maharashtra, i. e., Marathi, which was traditionally used as a cultural language by the Hindus of Goa, who nowadays form the large majority of the population. Even if virtually every Goan is able to speak Konkani, this was, according to recent statistics, the mother tongue of only 61 % of the population of the state, the rest being forms by people from other parts of India, who migrated here. This phenomenon explains the feeble proportion of Konkani speakers in the total population of the state, which favours the resort to English as a means of communication and explains why Konkani only keeps an elevated status in churches, where it is currently used for praying and preaching. Drawing upon historical facts, but also on socio-linguistic consideration, we will try to explain this paradox.
The Post-Literary Era, Leonardo’s Paradigm From Comparative Cultural Studies to Post-literary Study. Gilles Deleuze and Central-European Thought. Post-literature.
Authors: Severin Constantin
Published: October 2016

The idea to write this essay came after I studied, almost in the same period, the works of two major contemporary philosophers: the US-American Michael Heim, known as the best theorist of virtual reality, and the French Gilles Deleuze. At the beginning of the new millennium, I have noticed many challenging transformations in art and literature, influenced by the emerging of the new technologies and the self-transformation that it is currently undergoing. This was the major reason I tried to launch a new concept, post-literarure, in order to describe the complex forms of art in the contemporary culture. The concept of post-literature defines metamorphoses and tensions in the world of contemporary creativity, the co-existence, even merging of fields with autonomous profiles in the past.

In my opinion the changes are so radical and quick that we can already talk about a new cultural paradigm in this post-literary epoch, with so many amazing projects imagined by kinetic and temporary organizations, focused on interdisciplinary work and hybridization, on substitution of confrontation between interfering disciplines by dialogue and cohabitation among them, on interchangeability and virtual textualism.
Actors in Search of Theatre’s Quintessence
Authors: Letailleur Erica
Published: October 2016

At the border between the fields of anthropology of theatre and phenomenology, this article presents and analyses the answers given by a sample of French theatre actors to an apparently simple question: How would you define your art? One could have been expect a wide range of answers, which would have reflected the infinite multiplicity of perspectives about that subject. Yet unexpectedly, the author deduces from the field investigation she conducted, a common and almost consensual vision of theatre expressed by these actors: an art in which practitioners are in the poetic quest of themselves, in their most accomplished humanity, in harmony with the self, the Other and the life (le vivant).
Textual Anastomosis: About the Vanishing Body and the Resurrection of a Character. A Transversal Reading of Black Water (1992) and Mudwoman (2012) by Joyce Carol Oates
Authors: Pop Andreea
Published: October 2016

In 1992, the much acclaimed prolific American writer Joyce Carol Oates publishes Black Water – a very harsh and condensed literary reenactment of a gruesome event having taken place more than twenty years before and known as the “Chappaquiddick incident”. Another twenty years later, through her 2012 novel Mudwoman, the author seems to revisit the topic that had haunted her for decades. This paper aims at establishing a certain narrative pattern connecting the two novels not only thematically, but also phantasmatically: the sudden “resurrection” of Joyce Carol Oates’s character in the 2012 novel is, as we see it, far from being “incidental”. By “textual anastomosis”, we understand a subjective association of narratives in order to show how the disembodied consciousness “travels” from one character’s fictional body to another’s, triggering a whole bunch of personal memories which also resurrect in this other character’s fictional biography.
Thinking Poverty: Basic Codes
Authors: Katzarski Ivan
Published: October 2016

The present-day viewing of poverty in a predominantly economic perspective is neither “natural”, nor self-evident, nor the only possible viewpoint. The perception of poverty is always part of an integral worldview (Weltanschauung). This article aims to shed more light on some elements (basic codes) of a somewhat unconscious construction of the world, which predetermine various views on poverty in different societies and civilizations. Here the codes are thought of as the most general ways and modes of perception of social reality, and general strategies of behavior within that reality. These codes characterize the specific stances of practical subjects (individuals, groups or larger communities), stances that represent an alloy of perception and action. Two types of codes are distinguished: structural and formative (cultural, civilizational). The structural codes are only two in number: the dual and the hierarchic, while the formative specifically characterize an individual culture or civilization. The different types are reconstructed with reference to a number of historical studies. Among the formative codes, special attention is devoted to those specific for the Judaic, Christian, and Islamic civilizations.
The influence of the highway route on the development of patchwork of plots
Authors: Balawejder Monika , Noga Karol
Published: October 2016

When defining the patchwork of plots, based on the literature, it lists the types and subtypes, and given their prevalence in the studied villages. Characterized listed types and subtypes the patchwork of plots the adopted villages crossed by the highway, paying particular attention to the fragmentation of the parcels. Particular attention was paid to the occurrence of the patchwork of the outer of plots for the following reasons: firstly – the presence of plots owners do not reside in the surveyed villages (out-of-village owners) and living in the surveyed villages, but with land in other surveyed villages (local non-resident owners), which is an important issue approximately of plots owners to habitat in the complex work of consolidation and exchange of land; secondly – it allows for adjustment of the boundaries of the village, which destroys the highway without immediate execution merge. This should make such a correction using only the exchange of land; thirdly – crossing the village highway of plots prevents access to out-of-village owners and local non-resident owners when their habitats are located on the opposite side thereof. The study of this problem are designed the patchwork table method to both the external patchwork of plots and internal patchwork of plots. Conducting research in this field mapping method was used to present the occurrence of the external patchwork of plots and the internal patchwork of plots on the cadastral maps.
Characterization of groundwater quality destined for drinking water supply of Khenchela City (eastern Algeria)
Authors: Benrabah Samia , Attoui Badra , Hannouche Mani
Published: October 2016

In spite of the abundance of water resources in the watershed of Khenchela region, the strong urban growth and the expansion of agricultural land resulted in a considerable increase in water needs. This fact exposed groundwater and surface vulnerability to an overlooked growing pollution.

In this vein, this study aims to determine the global quality of groundwater oriented to drinking water supply in Khenchela city. It focuses particularly on looking for minerals, nutrients and salt concentration and to assess their spatial and temporal variability. This area has been the subject of several previous studies due to the importance of its watershed (hydrology, geology, geomorphology, bacteriology...). The dosage of the considered parameters revealed vulnerability of water of the North and the North Western part of the watershed to the strong mineralization and excess of organic minerals. This requires in the short term an obligation to treat this water before distribution. A permanent monitoring and the use of other evaluation means for quality protection of this vulnerable resource have been taken into account.
Modelling approach for gravity dam break analysis
Authors: Boussekine Mourad , Djemili Lakhdar
Published: October 2016

The construction of dams in rivers can provide considerable benefits such as the supply of drinking and irrigation water; however the consequences which would result in the event of their failure could be catastrophic. They vary dramatically depending on the extent of the inundation area, the size of the population at risk.

This paper presents an analysis of dam break model of Hammam Grouz in Algeria, for 100-years recurrence flood with the dam break occurring near the peak of the flood event. The software HEC-RAS was used to determine water-surface profiles of in-place and dam break scenario, this model supports on the resolution of the equation of Saint-Venant for unsteady flow analysis. Inundation maps were developed that shown the estimated extent of downstream floodwaters. Simulation results were used to determine the hazard classification of a dam break.
Influence of maize straw content with sewage sludge on composting process
Authors: Czekała Wojciech , Dach Jacek , Janczak Damian , Smurzyńska Anna , Kwiatkowska Agnieszka , Kozłowski Kamil
Published: October 2016

After entrance to EU in 2004, the management of sewage sludge has become more and more important problem for the new members. In Poland, one of the most promising technologies is composting process of sewage sludge with carbonaceous materials. However, the high price of typically used cereal straw forces the specialists to look for new and cheap materials used as donor of carbon and substrates creating good, porous structure of composted heap. This work presents the results of sewage sludge composting mixed with sawdust and maize straw used to create structure favorable for air exchange. The results show dynamic thermophilic phase of composting process in all cases where maize straw was used.
Hydrological stream flow modeling in the Talar catchment (central section of the Alborz Mountains, north of Iran): Parameterization and uncertainty analysis using SWAT-CUP
Authors: Gholami Abbas , Habibnejad Roshan Mahmood , Shahedi Kaka , Vafakhah Mehdi , Solaymani Karim
Published: October 2016

There are several methods and techniques for measuring the parameters and forecasting the errors in the hydrological models. In this study, semi distributed Soil and Water Asseeement Tool (SWAT) model and SWAT-CUP (CUP – Calibration and Uncertainty Programs) have been applied using SUFI2 program. After collection of data, the whole Talar watershed located in the central section of the Alborz Mountains, north of Iran was separated into 219 hydrological response units (HRU) in 23 sub-watersheds.

In order to improve the simulation parameters and obtain better correlation of observed and simulated values, the sensitive parameters were validated to obtain finally the acceptable value of both R
2 and Nash–Sutcliffe (NS) coefficients equal to 0.93. Final P-value and t-state were also estimated for sensitive parameters. As a result, the CN2 parameter, which was critical in the initial stage of this research was replaced by the SOL-K parameter (electrical conductivity saturated soil layers) as a critical parameter in the later stage. Results of this study show that the SWAT model can be an effective and useful tool for the assessment and optimal management of water and soil resources.
Urban planning solutions in the context of dispersion of road pollution
Authors: Jakubiak Mateusz , Urbański Krzysztof
Published: October 2016

Dense road network change the landscape as well as in many different ways affect the environment and living organisms. The works on reducing the exposures to traffic pollutants carried out all around the world. In the last decade, noise barriers in large numbers began to appear along the main streets and became a common feature of urban architecture in Poland. Besides being barriers to the spread of the noise on the neighboring areas these constructions might also contribute to reducing the spread of air pollution, especially road dust particles with associated trace metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn).

The aim of the study described in the article was to examine if the extent to which “green walls” noise barriers and transparent acrylic-glass noise barriers located along roads can contribute to a change in the spread of trace elements from the road traffic to outside of the road area. Toxic metals which occur in road dust in significant concentrations (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were selected and their concentrations in soil samples were examined. The samples were collected at close vicinity of the road edge in an open area as well as in an area with noise barriers.
Evaluation of effectiveness of natural organic compounds removal from water in hybrid processes
Authors: Malczewska Beata
Published: October 2016

Natural organic matter (Natural Organic Matter – NOM) represents a mixture of diverse chemical structure and different properties. The humic substances constitute an important component of NOM, and they are responsible for water color and taste, also they can contribute to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBP). Therefore, removal of NOM is considered to be one of the important technological operations during water treatment.

The present study evaluate the effectiveness of NOM removal from water by one of the hybrid process and the results showed that the use of this process allows to improve the efficiency of water purification and also reduces the intensity of blocking membranes. Batch adsorption tests of heated aluminum oxide particles (HAOPs) showed that the NOM removal efficiency has been between 86 to 77% at a dose 5 and 10 mg·dm−3, respectively for both tested natural water.
Modelling of the rain–flow by hydrological modelling software system HEC-HMS – watershed’s case of wadi Cheliff-Ghrib, Algeria
Authors: Mokhtari El Hadj , Remini Boualem , Hamoudi Saad Abdelamir
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study is to make a hydrologic modelling type of rain–flow on watershed of wadi Cheliff-Ghrib, by means of HEC-HMS model. Afterwards, this model is used to predict hydrologic response of the basin to the climate changes scenarios and land use. The model calibration was made in two phases; the first one is to select events, formalism of transfer function and appropriate NRCS downpour. The second is to deduce optimised parameters set which is used in validation. By using optimised parameters set, we were able to predict impact of quantiles downpours, changes in land use due to urbanisation, deforestation and reforestation on the peak flow and on runoff volume. Towards the end, we reconfirmed that influence of land use decreases for extreme storms.
Using artificial neural networks to determine the location of wind farms. Miedzna district case study
Authors: Pokonieczny Krzysztof
Published: October 2016

The article concerns issues pertaining to of selecting suitable areas for wind farms. The basic assumption of the study was to take into account both criteria related to the profitability of this type of power plant, as well as public interest, which means the harmonious and not burdensome functioning of these installations for local communities. The problem of wind farm localization may be solved by the application of artificial neural networks (ANN), which are a computational intelligence element. In the conducted analysis, the possibility of wind farm localization was considered for the primary grid field with dimensions of 100 by 100 m. To prepare the training set, topographic vector data from the VMap L2 and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) digital terrain model were used. For each 100-meter × 100-meter grid, the input data was prepared, consisting of the factors which are important from the point of view of wind farm localization (forests, rivers, built-up areas etc.). Studies show that a properly trained neural network (using a representative number of samples and for the appropriate architecture), allows to process automation area classification in terms of placement on the wind turbines.
Retention capacity of extensive green roofs
Authors: Sobczyk Małgorzata , Mrowiec Maciej
Published: October 2016

Climate change causes a more frequent occurrence of extreme events. The result of these phenomena is the occurrence of floods and flooding, and periods of drought. Particularly unfavorable is intensive rainfall over the urban catchments. To prevent the negative consequences of these phenomena, unconventional solutions should be used. The use of green roofs in urban areas will serve the sustainable development of cities and the impact on local ecological changes. The study was performed at two green roof platforms 1.2×1.2×0.1 m each. An analysis was performed at different intensities given for precipitation. 20 min for the rain to stop was observed from 68 to 100% precipitation. The study was divided into two parts. The first part of the study has been performed in the dry period. In contrast, another round of tests was repeated in other conditions after rainfall. The amount of water at two experimental green roofs platforms before the test was 11.0 dm3. The research relates to the impact of green roofs on local hydrological changes. Development of technologies for green roofs had a positive impact on mitigating the effects of climate change associated with the occurrence of flooding the city.
Adaptive modelling of spatial diversification of soil classification units
Authors: Urbański Krzysztof , Gruszczyński Stanisław
Published: October 2016

The article presents the results of attempts to use adaptive algorithms for classification tasks different soils units. The area of study was the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, which physiographic and soils parameters in the form of digitized was used in the calculation. The study used algorithms, self-organizing map (SOM) of Kohonen, and classifiers: deep neural network, and two types of decision trees: Distributed Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Machine. Especially distributed algorithm Random Forest (algorithm DRF) showed a very high degree of generalization capabilities in modeling complex diversity of soil. The obtained results indicate, that the digitization of topographic and thematic maps give you a fairly good basis for creating useful models of soil classification. However, the results also showed that it cannot be concluded that the best algorithm presented in this research can be regarded as a general principle of system design inference.
Potential possibilities of water retention in agricultural loess catchments
Authors: Zubala Tomasz , Patro Magdalena
Published: October 2016

The growing water deficit and the increased demand for water, as well as economic problems and inadequate spatial planning in many regions indicate a necessity of developing more effective rules of programming and realisation of works concerning the water management in small catchments. The paper presents a sample analysis of the possibilities of increasing water retention in the agricultural loess catchments with periodic streams. The scope of the study included the determination of physical parameters of selected sub-catchments (geometry, soil cover, land use, etc.) and of the sources of threat to water resources, resulting from construction and geomorphological conditions. Pre-design assumptions of dammings were developed, taking into account anti-erosion protective measures, and treatments increasing the landscape retention of water were proposed. Creating surface retention objects should be an important source of water in simplified agroecosystems, especially in regions, where productivity to a great extent depends on natural weather conditions. Proper management of the fourth-order loess basin of the Ciemięga River (area of about 150 km2, the presence of 50 lateral valleys) could give a temporary reservoir retention reaching 500 thousand m3. Farmers should be encouraged to seek “own water sources” (including the accumulation of water within wasteland), using appropriate economic instruments (tax reliefs for the documented volume of retained water, e.g. in small retention reservoirs).
The Deregularization of Land Titles
Authors: Galiani Sebastian , Schargrodsky Ernesto
Published: October 2016

In the last years, several countries implemented policy interventions to entitle urban squatters, encouraged by the results of studies showing large welfare gains from entitlement. We study a natural experiment in the allocation of land titles to very poor families in a suburban area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Although previous studies on this experiment have found important effects of titling on investment, household structure, educational achievement, and child health, in this article we document that a large fraction of households that went through a situation at which formalization was challenged (death, divorce, sale/purchase), ended up being de-regularized. The legal costs of remaining formal seem too high relative to the value of these parcels and the income of their inhabitants.
High Efficiency and Color Rendering Quantum Dots White Light Emitting Diodes Optimized by Luminescent Microspheres Incorporating
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Kai , Hao Junjie , Wu Dan , Qin Jing , Dong Di , Deng Jian , Li Yiwen , Chen Yulong , Cao Wanqiang
Published: October 2016

In this research, we have developed an approach by incorporating quantum dots (QDs) with red emission into mesoporous silica microspheres through a non-chemical process and obtained luminescent microspheres (LMS). Owing to the lattice structure of LMS, QDs were effectively protected from intrinsic aggregation in matrix and surface deterioration by encapsulant, oxygen and moisture. The LMS composite has therefore maintained large extent luminescent properties of QDs, espe-cially for the high quantum efficiency. Moreover, the fabricated white light emitting diode (WLED) utilizing LMS and YAG:Ce yellow phosphor has demonstrated excellent light performance with color coordinates around (x = 0.33, y = 0.33), correlated color temperature between 5100 and 5500 K and color rendering index of Ra = 90, R9 = 95. The luminous efficiency of the WLED has reached up to a new record of 142.5 lm/W at 20 mA. LMS provide a promising way to practically apply QDs in lightings and displays with high efficiency as well as high stability.
Crystal structure of (R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizin-5-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropan-1-one, C10H13NO3
Authors: Tan Jun-Jie , Liu Xiao-Yu , Zhang Jie , Chen Xi , Li Yi-Ming , Jiao Bing-Hua
Published: October 2016

C10H13NO3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.8118(5) Å, b = 4.9299(2) Å, c = 14.5436(7) Å, β = 89.011(3)°, V = 945.28(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0302, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0774, T = 170 K.