bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF REV. D. ZIEGLER
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

As I have stated in my notice on Melsheimer, nothing is known of his friend, Rev. D. Ziegler, except the publication of a paper on Coleoptera. Again I am indebted for a large part of the notice now given to the untiring kindness of Rev. J. G. Morris, of Baltimore, for many years a friend and correspondent of Rev. D. Ziegler. Nevertheless, desiring to find out something more of this father of American Entomology, I decided to go to York, Pa., and had the pleasure of seeing his wife, Mrs. Ziegler, his son, Dr. H. A. Ziegler, and the brother of Rev. D. Ziegler.

Daniel Ziegler was born June 11th, 1804, in Reading, Berks Co., Pa. His father, and probably his grandfather, were born in America. There is nothing known by the family as to when their ancestors came to America. After he became of age he studied at the University of Pennsylvania for some time. Later he studied Theology at York, Pa., at the German Reformed Seminary, under the presidency of Dr. Mayer.
DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW VARIETIES OF CATOCALA CEROGAMA, Guen., WITH NOTE ON A THIRD
Authors: Fischer Ph.
Published: February 2010

C. aurella, ♀, new var.

Primaries and thorax light gray, strongly shaded with yellow; h. p. and t. p. line with t. a. line very distinct; teeth below U somewhat rounded; reniform indistinct; subreniform distinct; a broad, pale, tancolored line (outside of white shading of t. p. line) running parallel with t. p. line.

Secondaries bright yellow; median band black, narrow, even, not reaching inner margin, marginal band broad, black with a slight yellow tinge; fringes dirty white; abdomen ochre-yellow.
WHITE ANTS DESTROYING LIVING TREES AND CHANGING THF FOLIAGE, IN CAMBRIDGE, MASS
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

The common white ant, Termes flavipes, destroys dead wood, stumps of trees and timber, just as does its nearest relative, T. lucifugus, in Europe. Of the latter species some cases are reported where living pines and oaks have been destroyed in the South of France. For T. flavipes, only one case is known, in which living grape vines in a hot house in Salem were injured. (S. H. Scudder. Proc. Boston, N. H. S., vol. 7, p. 287). Now the earth in the hot houses here in Cambridge is largely infested by white ants, but as far as I know, no destruction of plants has been observed. I was very much interested by the information from Mr. F. W. Putnam that in a garden in Irwing street living maples were largely infested by white ants. The evidence of the truth of this information was apparent by the first glance at the trees.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LAST LARVAL STAGES AND CHRYSALIS OF MELITAEA RUBICUNDA, H. Edw.
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

On 13th Sept., 1884, I received from Mr. James Fletcher 22 larvæ in hibernation, part of a lot sent him shortly before by Rev. Geo. W. Taylor, of Victoria, V. I. The larvæ, on exposure to the light, moved about, but refused to eat Chelone glabra. I placed them in cellar, and in October forwarded to Clifton Springs, N. Y., with larvæ of other species, to go in the “cooler.” On 7th March, I received them again, ancl found about one half to be alive. These I put in the ice house till I could get leaves of the food-plant. In last days of April they were brought to the house and given Chelone, the living larvæ now being reduced to six. On the third day, I noticed that the leaves had been eaten, and three or four days later the larvæ looked healthy and had recovered the length and diameter which they had on 13th Sept., larvæ always shrinking much during hibernation.
LARVA OF PARASA CHLORIS, H.-Sch.
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Length .50 of an inch, elliptical, as is the usual shape of the Lymacodes group, nearly .20 of an inch high and about the same width. The dorsum has four lines of purplish black alternating with white, and bordered outside with yellowish white or pale yellow. The region of the subdorsal line is a bright vermillion ridge with yelrowish white tubercles arising from joints 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 and 12, those on joint 2 moderately short, but those on joints 4 to 12 are nearly one fourth of an inch long; all of them spiny. There are short bunches of spines on the intervening joints, as it were representatives of missing tubercles. In the subdorsal space are four scarlet lines alternating with lines of yellowish white, the middle yellowish line instead of being continuous, consists of alternate blotches of vermilion and yellowish white. The substigmatar line is vermilion, bordered as the subdorsai with pale yellow, and this also has its row of yellowish white spiny tubercles, each about one sixteenth of an inch long. Below this is a single dark purple line bordered each side with a lighter shade, and below this a vermilion line or rather a series of tubercles without spines in place of the prolegs. Legs 6, no prolegs, but the under side of the body consisting of a muscular pad upon which the insect glides along instead of walking. Head brown, retractile when at rest into the joint back of it.
A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE ARTHROGASTRA OF NORTH AMERICA (EXCLUDING MEXICO)
Authors: Underwood Lucien M.
Published: February 2010

The Arthrogastra of North America have scarcely been studied except in two or three families, the principal part of the American literature consisting of scattered notes and descriptions. Two or three more pretentious papers have been published by Wood, Putnam and Hagen. A broad field for study is open for future investigators. In order to call attention to the group and secure such co-operation of collectors as may be possible, the following preliminary list of twenty genera and fifty-nine species has been prepared. A few forms are added from Lower California and Cuba which will probably be found within the limits of the United States. Additions and corrections to the list are solicited, as well as specimens from all parts of the country, for which a suitable return will be made.
MONOGRAPH OF THE EMBIDINA
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

6. Oligotoma Westwoodi, n. sp.

O. Westwoodi Hag., Synops. Embid., p. 222 (no description, not named.)

Length of body 4½ mill.; exp. of wings 7 mill.

Male: As the specimen is enclosed in copal (Gummi anime), the colours are not certain, but the head, with antennæ and palpi, the thorax and the legs in part, seem to have been blackish-fuscous; head more Raphidia-like than in any other species; more than half longer than broad; the rounded sides sloping down, the occiput less than half as broad as the front part with the eyes; head above slightly convex, epistom large, convex; eyes large, prominent, about orbicular, with a small excision for the insertion of the antennæ; facets large, globose; antennæ long, reaching the end of the metathorax, inserted in a longer socket, 15-jointed; 1st joint a little thicker, cylindrical, half as broad as long; 2nd as long as broad; all others obclavate, to three times longer than broad, but the 3rd to 5th a little shorter than the rest, the last one more ovoid, with tip rounded; there seems not to be wanting any joint more. Labrum large, rounded, a little darker in middle; max. palpi 5-jointed, the three basals alike, short, as broad as long; 4th a little longer,5th longer, ovoid; labial palpi 3-jointed, apical joint longer, ovoid.
NOTE ON HABIT OF LARVA OF P. ATALANTA
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

In C. Ent., 14, p. 223, I stated that Newman, in Nat. Hist. Br. But., described the mature larva as pupating in a case specially prepared for the purpose on the plant it had been feeding on: “from the roof of this the caterpillar suspends itself and becomes a chrysalls.” Also quoted from Harris, who says the larva “seeks a suitable place in which to undergo its transformations.” In the conclusion of the paper, vol. 15, p. 19, I said that I had never found a case with pupa in it, though I had often taken cases with the larvae in earlier stages, and I ventured the conjecture that both Harris and Newman were right, but that in our climate the larva pupated differently from its habit in England.
MONOGRAPH OF THE EMBIDINA
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

10. Embia Mauritanica.

E. Mauritanica Lucas, Explor. Alger., vol. iii., p. 111-114; Neur. pl. 3, f. 2, a-n. Cuvier, Edit. Masson, Neur., pl. 106, f. 8 (copy of Lucas' figure).

E. Mauritanica Lucas, Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1859, ser. iii.' vol. vii., p. 440-444.

I have never seen this species, and give the substance of the very detailed description of Mr. Lucas.
MONOGRAPH OF THE EMBIDINA
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

17. Embia (Olyntha) Mülleri, n. sp.

Wingless form, female? dry. Length of body 12 mill.

Body large, stout, black, very sparingly clothed with yellow hairs; shining, the head alone semi-opaque. Head large, flat, scarcely longer than broad, a little narrowed to the occiput; hind angles rounded; a shallow impression above with a short longitudinal engraved line; eyes black, small, not prominent; antennae only 21 joints present, which are as long as head, pro- and mesothorax; black, with yellow hairs, the 10 last joints strongly polished; 1st stouter, cylindrical; 2nd short, annular; 3rd cylindrical, as long as first; 4th and fifth very short; the rest successively longer, nearly pyriform, the last ones about ovoid. Epistom half as long as broad, sides rounded, front margin widely notched; labrum large, a little narrower at base, front margin rounded and a little yellowish, as well as the sides of the epistom; max palpi dark brown, villous, stout, compressed, the three basal joints short, equal, 4th longer, obliquely truncated at tip, 5th a little longer and larger, ovoid; labial palpi compressed, broad, 1st very short, 2nd about as long as broad, 3rd longer, the broad apex rounded.
THE COLLECTION OF PHYTOPTOCECIDIA, OR MITE GALLS, IN THE CAMBRIDGE MUSEUM
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

The very extensive collection of galls from the U. S. presented to the Museum in 1870 by Baron von Osten Sacken, contains all his types. There are 138 different galls of Cynipidæ, gall flies 56 species, guest flies 23 species, parasites 66 species, and from Dr. Reinhard 38 types of European Cynipidæ. Further galls of other insects 121 species (Diptera 70, Hemiptera 30, etc.); the types of B. D. Walsh, galls of Salix, 13 species. To these were later added by the Baron his types of Colorado galls, 12 species, and those of California, 15 species. The permanent aim to enlarge this excellent collection has met with success. The prominent additions from Europe are 88 species from Mr. Brischke, in Danzig, Prussia, and 96 types of oak galls from Prof. G. Mayr, in Vienna, Austria, and 18 types of mite galls from Dr. Thomas. The additions of N. Am. galls are very numerous; prominent among them are large additions from California, Washington Terr., and Mexico.
NOTES ON ACMAEODERA PULCHELLA, Hbst
Authors: Townsend C. H. T.
Published: February 2010

The common species of Acmaeodera, A. pulchella Hbst., which is marked with shining bronze-black and bright yellow, assimilates well in color with the flowers of Rudbeckia hirta L., so abundant along the edges of cultivated fields, upon which this Buprestid is found. The dark parts of the beetle, which are after an etched pattern, blend well with the rich dark stigmata of the flower, as the beetle lies next to these; while the bright yellow parts easily pass unnoticed in the inside border of the yellow corolla. It is noticeable that these flower-frequenting species are found chiefly on the flowers whose colors suit them best for protection; in fact the insects seem to have been modified in color to suit the flowers they live on. This species is seldom found upon any other flowers than those of Rudbeckia hirta L. I have once taken it upon the flowers of tansy, once upon a partially yellowed leaf of Œnothera, once upon a high dandelion flower, twice upon the orange-red flowers of Asclepias tuberosa L., and once flying about some of the many flower-bunches of a clump of sumachs. These are the only exceptions that I have noticed, and are but isolated instances.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF PHOLISORA CATULLUS, Faericius
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

EGG.—Conical, the base flat, the top truncated, rounded, and divided from centre outward into eight or nine rounded, nearly equal, smooth lobes; at the micropyle a deep depression; sides marked by about 15 vertical ribs, low, rounded; the spaces between the ribs a little excavated, and crossed horizontally by many fine striæ; color pale yellow-brown, or luteous. Duration of this stage about five days.

YOUNG LARVÆ.—At 12 hours from egg, length .04 inch; slender, the middle segments somewhat thickest; color green-orange, under side green-yellow, as are the feet and legs; segment 2 is whitish, with a black chitinous dorsal collar in front; head sub-globose, black-brown, shining. Duration of this stage three days.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: Jack J. G.
Published: February 2010

The following notes on the habits of several insects are from a record of entomological observations kept during the past four years, and although imperfect, they may serve as a hint to others to pursue observations in the directions indicated.

During the past season few unusual specimens were taken and very few notes made. Diurnal Lepidoptera (with the single exception of P. cardui, which had been rare for some years) were unusually scarce. Pieris rapœ is becoming less numerous every year, owing, probably, to its many parasites. Moths were not so abundant as usual, and the only capture worthy of notice was the re-occurrence of Aletia xylina Say (the cotton-worm moth), a single good fresh specimen of which was taken October 26th, in the woods, among leaves near a butternut tree.
SPECIES, VARIETIES AND RACES
Authors: Smith John B.
Published: February 2010

At the recent meeting of the Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S., Dr. Horn found occasion to say that “natule has no genera, but species only”—genera are mere artificial aids to classification, are seldom sharply defined, and are of very unequal value, according as the student is inclined to value characters; nor are the same characters useful in all the orders, nor indeed in the several families in the same order.

The important part of Dr. Horn's remarks, for the present purpose, is the assertion that “nature has no genera.” That Dr. Horn has an experience in American Coleoptera large enongh to render such an observation from him of great weight, no one will dispute, and taking the Lepidoptera into consideration I am led by my studies to agree with him thoroughly.
PREPARATORY STAGES OF ICTHYURA PALLA, French, WITH NOTES ON THE SPECIES
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Globular, a little flattened at base, smooth; color orange yellow. Duration of this period, 24 days.

Young Larva.—Length .08 of an inch. Color pale brownish green. Head and a small cervical shield jet black. Each segment has about six blackish tubercles from which arise rather long gray hairs, the dorsal tubercles on segments 5 and 12 a little more prominent than the others. Duration of this period, 3 days.

After First Moult.—Length .14 of an inch. Color pale yellowish green. Head black, as also a plate and a small spot on the top of the second segment. To each segment six purplish black slightly tubercular spots; those on the dorsum faint except those on 5 and 12, which are prominent, each pair confluent; a few hairs from each spot. Thoracic feet black. Duration of this period, 4 days.
PROBABLE ORIGIN OF THE WORD BUTTERFLY
Authors: Clarkson Frederick
Published: February 2010

The transformation of a grovelling worm to the glory that attaches to the winged aspirant of the heavens, has won for this insect from remote antiquity the appellation of Spirit or Soul, as typical of the resurrected human body. There is, I think, good reason to believe that the root meaning of the word Butterfly dates back to early Egyptian history, and as a hieroglyphic it is synonymous as representing the qualities of completeness and perfection which characterize the soul. I have supposed that it might serve the interest of this journal to record such historical gleanings bearing upon this subject as have come within my reach. It is said that in Yorkshire in England, the country folk call the night-flying white moths, Souls. This restricted application of the term very forcibly expresses what had been traditionally received by these people, and which they unwittingly have applied to certain white winged species. The English word Moth is said to be the Egyptian MUT or MAT. MAT is to pass; MUT to die; MATT, unfold, unwind, open, as the chrysalis entered the winged state and passed. The winged thing was a symbol of the Soul; it appears in the hieroglyphics as the Moth or Butterfly.
SHORT NOTES ON COLEOPTERA
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

Hololepta fossularis Say. The habitatio of this insect is usually under locust bark in the first stages of decay, a fact so well known that collectors would look for it in no other place. But last summer I found a number of them under the bark of Ulmus fulva (slippery elm), the odor of which in the same state of decomposition is as rank as that of Robinia. With them were several H. lucida. The individuals of these two species so approximate as in some examples to be scarcely separable; and indeed there is a reasonable doubt whether any of them are instinctively conscious of being specifically different.
LIST OF DIPTERA TAKEN IN THE VICINITY OF PHILADELPHIA FROM 1882 TO 1884, INCLUSIVE
Authors: Keen E. L.
Published: February 2010

The object of giving this list in its present imperfect form is to call the attention of our Entomologists to this greatly neglected order of insects, and as most of the families are still in an unworked condition, to call especial attention to them; of course, the named species represent only about one fourth of all the species taken by me during my three years collecting, and were mostly taken in Fairmount Park, and a few at Delanco, N. J.

If a few of our many Entomologists would turn their attention to the Diptera, they would be sure to find an interesting and very wide field, in fact there would be room enough for nearly a dozen systematic workers in this order.
A LIST OF COLEOPTERA COLLECTED IN LOUISIANA, ON OR SOUTH OF PARALLEL 30°
Authors: Townsend C. H. T.
Published: February 2010

The following species were collected, from 29th March to 21st June, 1884, along the thirtieth parallel in two neighborhoods, New Orleans and environs, and a district on Bayou la Fourche extending from a little above Napoleonville a few miles south along the bayou. The latter is in Assumption Parish, and at the time of my visit was partially overflowed from the great crevasse of March, 1884. Though many of the species here given are well known to occur in the South Louisiana fauna, I give them all just as I collected them, with the view of noting their relative abundance or rarity, dates of occurrence, localities, etc., all of which together may contribute to make our knowledge of the fauna more complete. But it must be remembered that this is merely a record of how the species occurred to me during my stay, in which I collected only a small part of what might have been taken, could I have given my entire attention thereto. Nearly all those of the N. O. neighborhood were taken between the city and Lake Pontchartrain.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CHIONOBAS FROM BRITISH AMERICA
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

MALE.—Expands 2.2 to 2.4 inches.

Upper side brown-orange, color of C. Californica Boisd.; occasional examples are dark, a dead-leaf-brown over whole surface; hind margins edged by a blackish border, of nearly equal width throughout, and extending to apex of primaries; but sometimes this border is widest on primaries; costa of primaries dark brown; in some examples this shade scarcely if at all crosses costal nervure, in others it encroaches on the cell more or less, and occasionally covers the whole cell; but in nearly all examples under view the cell is concolored with rest of wing; the oblique discal brown band, which is a conspicuous feature in the males of the allied species, does not appear in the present one, so far as the examples show; the coloration of the upper surface resembles that of the female of Californica; on secondaries, the costal margin is edged with brown, and just outside the end of cell is an expansion of this, which forms a large elongated patch, convex on interior side—not at all like the sub-triangular and small patch seen in Californica and Iduna; primaries have a black ocellus, rounded or oval, with white pupil on upper discoidal interspace, and a second on second median interspace, the last one usually blind, but sometimes pupillated; generally the lower ocellus is smallest, but occasionally is equal to the upper; one example under view has two additional black spots, as large as the ocellus on secondaries, one on the interspace next above each ocellus; another has mere points on these interspaces; secondaries have a small ocellus, either blind or with white pupil, in second median interspace; fringes of both wings alternately yellow white and brown-black.
HATCHING LEPIDOPTERA THROUGH ARTIFICIAL HEAT, &c
Authors: Fischer Ph.
Published: February 2010

So far my records. From this time the remaining pupæ were taken to a room not heated, and gradually emerged hele, which they would probably have done at about the same time had they never been taken to a warmed room.
FURTHER MATERIAL CONCERNING THE HESSIAN FLY
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

The third report of the U. S. Entomological Commission, Washington, 1883, contains an excellent paper on the Hessian Fly, by Prof. A. S. Packard, p. 195-248, and in the appendix, p. 3-49, the translation of German papers by Loew, Wagner, Cohn, Koeppen, formerly not known by the Professor; also a reprint of my paper in the Can. Ent., Oct., 1880, “The Hessian Fly not imported from Europe.” The Professor accepts now (p. 238): That the Hessian Fly had appeared in the Eastern U. S. before the Revolutionary War, and that it could not have been introduced by the Hessians. He was not able to find in the files of the Pennsylvania Mercury and Philadelphia Packet some reference to the earlier occurrence of the H. Fly (App. p. 3).
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NORTH TRANS-CONTINENTAL SURVEY
Authors: Bruner Lawrence
Published: February 2010

Herewith is presented for publication a partial list of the Orthoptera collected by Dr. H. A. Hagen and Samuel Henshaw during the summer of 1882, along the line of the Northern Pacific Railway. The collection, although not an extensive one, contains some new forms, as well as several interesting varieties of well known species. The collection is also of much interest in extending the range of quite a number of species heretofore recorded as occurring only on the eastern slope of the continental divide, or at the extreme eastern edge of the great interior basin, to the western slope.

Taken as a whole, this collection of Orthoptera is very complete for the regions in which it was made, and shows careful work both in its formation and preservation. It is to be regretted, however, that so few specimens of some of the more interesting forms were taken, a feature which, no doubt, might have been remedied to some extent had their value been known at the proper time.
NEW LIST OF THE NORTH AMERICAN DAGGER MOTHS
Authors: Grote Aug. R.
Published: February 2010

The name “Dagger Moths” is given to a group of white and gray Noctuidæ, or Owlet Moths, which, in the perfect state, possess a certain similarity in appearance, but are often quite dissimilar as caterpillars, not only among themselves, but as compared with the other Noctuidæ, with which Family they are classified. The name itself alludes to a black mark which many of the species show near the internal angle of the fore wings, which resembles a dagger, or the Greek letter Psi. The caterpillars are often ornamented with curious hairs or bristles; several are shaggy in appearance, so that they look like Arctiadœ or Dasychirœ. This peculiarity is shared, however, by other genera such as Platycerura and Charadra, which I classify with them as a subordinate Group of the Noctuidæ under the name of Bombycoidœ, or perhaps more properly, Apatelinœ.
PREPARATORY STAGES OF TETRACIS TRIANGULIFERATA, Pack
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Elongate or oval, .03 of an inch long by .025 of an inch wide, ribbed longitudinally like a muskmelon by about 15 ribs; color pale yellowish green. Duration of this period 8 days.

Young Larva.—Length .10 of an inch; cylindrical, with 10 legs; grayish white, without marks except a bright scarlet transverse line across the posterior part of joint 2, jaws the same color, legs concolorous, the six thoracic slightly pink tinted. Duration of this period 6 to 7 days.
NOTE ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ARCTIA
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

It is only comparatively recently that I have seen the article of Mr. B. Neumoegen upon the genus Arctia and its variations, contained in Papilio, vol. 3, p. 148. So far as my own experience and conclusions go, I am, except in two instances which I notice here, generally agreed with the views of this writer. Especially am I of opinion that recently there has been an unscientific and unsound attempt to class as one species forms of Lepidoptera quite different in appearance, upon insufficient evidence. I have formerly pointed out that Entomologists are naturally divided into two camps: the “lumpers” and the “splitters.” For my part I do not at all object to present species being thrown together as varieties, provided the evidence is complete that they are inter-dependent forms. What I object to is the hasty manner in which the most of the lumping is accomplished in some recent articles, such as Dr. Hagen's on Papilio and Mr. Hulst's on Arctia.
A LIST OF HEMIPTERA HETEROPTERA COLLECTED IN SOUTH LOUISIANA
Authors: Townsend C. H. T.
Published: February 2010

Now that we have been supplied by Mr. Uhler with a list of the Hemiptera Heteroptera of North America, which has been much needed, it will be interesting to know more about the geographical distribution of the species. The following list is short, but will nevertheless add to our knowledge of these insects. The species were collected at the same time and in the same localities with the Coleoptera given in my list (Can. Entom., xvii., p. 66–73), and the preliminary notes there given apply also here. The species were kindly determined for me by Mr' Uhler.
PARTIAL PREPARATORY STAGES OF APATELA LOBELLÆ, Guen
Authors: French G. H.
Published: February 2010

Found feeding on a wild cherry, September 19, 1884, two larvæ of this species. They were .80 of an inch long, nearly cylindrical, the body somewhat elevated in the middle, from which it tapers a little both ways, the dorsum of joint 12 with a slight elevation; eight low tubercles on each joint, from each of which arise a few spreading white hairs. Color green; a dorsal stripe that is mostly red on joints 3 and 4, and on the elevated portion of joint 12, the rest of the stripe yellow with a reddish, blotch to each joint; the anterior part of dorsum of joint 2 red, separated by green in the middle, yellowish round the edges. Head slightly bilobed; the lower part reddish green, the upper part more red.
ELAPHIDION PARALLELUM, Newm., AND PHYMATODES VARIABILIS, Fab.
Authors: Townsend C. H. T.
Published: February 2010

In the Oct. number of this journal I noticed with interest the article by Mr. Clarkson on Elaphidion villosum, Fabr. I have reason to believe that the same is partly the case also with E. parallelum, Newm., which I find to be the common oak-pruner here. But I do not agree that it is always, or even in the majority of instances, the case with either species.
COLEOPHORA LARICELLA Hb. VERY INJURIOUS TO LARIX EUROPEA, IN MASSACHUSETTS
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

Professor Sereno Watson communicated to me some twigs cut on the grounds of Mr. Henry Watson, in Northampton, Mass. Several Larix Europea about thirty years old stand on an avenue, and have never suffered before. In April they showed to a large extent pale needles and many little larvæ of the well known sac-bearing form. In May numerous slate-colored moths appeared, the true Coleophora laricella Hub. This insect in all its stages is well described in Stainton's Nat. Hist. Tineina, vol. iv., p. 1, and figured on pl. i., f. 2. It would be useless to give a description here. our biological collection possesses types of all stages by Rosenhauer, Zeller and Hofmann. As far as I know, it has not yet been observed in the united States. Some twigs given by the rate J. Boll were perhaps collected in 1872 in cambridge, Mass.; but as he did not mark any locality on the label, I am not sure that he did not brins them over from Europe. I am not able to find any published notice in North American papers. I may notice that the caterpillar keeps its abode very clean by expelling the fæces out of a hole in the needles.
A LIST OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPHINGIDÆ, OR HAWK MOTHS
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

The present List of the North American Sphingidæ or Hawk Moths embraces the principal features of my former Lists, in particular the division into groups, retained by Butler and lately by Fernald. I have originally in our Synonymical Catalogue (1865) proposed the genera Macroglossa, Chœrocampa, Smerinthus and Sphinx as typical of the four principal groups recognized by me. A fifth group, represented by the Old World genus Acherontia, seems to me to fall in between the Smerinthinæ and Sphinginæ. It seems to me unimportant whether we consider these groups as Tribes, with the ending ini to the terms, or as Subfamilies, with the ending inœ. I am myself of the opinion that these divisions are only of tribal value, and should prefer to so designate them. But, under this view, the Family Sphingidæ, as here considered, would remain only of Subfamily value, somewhat as intended by Dr. Harris, whose “tribes” have a wider significance, whereas I intend by “tribes” assemblages of genera subordinate in rank to Subfamilies, and as intended by LeConte in Coleoptera. These matters must be left, however, to final revisions of our classification. At this moment I am interested, in view of Prof. Fernald's recent valuable paper, in defending my sequence of the genera and groups as laid down in my former papers.
ON WILLOW AS FOOD-PLANT OF P. TURNUS
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

In Nov. No., 1885, I asked if readers of this magazine had ever found. the larva of Turnus feeding on willow, etc., to which I have had several replies.

Mr. W. Brodie, Toronto, Can., wrote that on Sept. 10, 1885, Thos. Parks, of Toronto, found three larvæ in bis garden under a peach tree, and he put them in a box and fed on peach leaves for several days, and till pupation. So far as I know, the peach has not before been observed to be a plant of Turnus.
ON THE PREVIOUS STAGES OF PTINIDÆ AND ALLIED GROUPS
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

A small round box of bamboo (8 by 6 inches) was bought nine years ago in Hong Kong, China, and brought home to Boston. It was placed on a little shelf on the wall, and used for Turkish tobacco. The box was lined inside with a perfectly closing box made of East Indian block-tin, about a millimetre thick. I examined the box January, 1885, and found it hollowed throughout like a sieve, and containing between the tin box and the bamboo cover a large number of dead and living beetles and two living larvæ. The tin box had four small round holes apparently cut through by the insects. The beetles represented two species, one, a little larger, only two specimens, all the others belonging to the second specres.
THE NORTH AMERICAN GENERA OF ANTHRACINA
Authors: Coquillett D. W.
Published: February 2010

The sub-family Anthracina differs from any other of the Bombylidæ, as well as from any other group of Diptera known to me, in that the second vein issues from the third at a point opposite or nearly opposite the small cross-vein, the distance being never greater than the length of that cross-vein; the course of the third vein at the place where the second vein issues from it, is perfectly straight, while in the other Diptera the third vein bends obliquely downward at the same angle that the second vein extends upward at its base.
ON CECIDOMYIA LIRIODENDRI
Authors: Hagen H. A.
Published: February 2010

The two galls of the Tulip tree described by Osten Sacken. Monogr., Vol. I., p. 202, No. 26, C. liriodendri n. sp., and No. 27, C. tulipifera n sp., were wanting in the collection of his types presented by the Baron to the collection of the Museum in Cambridge. I am glad to state that I collected one of them in considerable numbers on leaves from a young Tulip tree on Quincy Street, Cambridge, in October, 1885. But all those galls were burst open along a part of the margin, and were empty. Prof. G. W. Farlow presented some collected in Newton, Mass., Oct. 12, 1886, and I found the living, full grown larva in one gall. r remembered then the tree in Cambridge, and found the same galls numerous, but again all empty. Apparently the larva has to be collected in the beginning of October, or somewhat earlier.
ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Grote Aug. R.
Published: February 2010

In the preparation of the present paper I have used articles by myself which have appeared in the “Popular Science Monthly,” in the pages of “Silliman's Journal,” and elsewhere. I have also noticed what has been printed bearing on the subject by other writers. I have tried to present the whole subject as it now appears to me, at the risk of repeating myself in part. Ihis seemed at times excusable if not unavoidable, but as it is my own writings that I have chiefly borrowed from, the use of quotation marks is unnecessary, the more so as I have here gone freshly over the subject, digesting my previous observations and adding new ones before preparing the present chapter in a history of our North American Lepidoptera. Some of my views, as here stated, were put forth in a lecture I held in 1885, before the Bremen “Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein.” I shall be glad if this paper adds to the interest naturally evoked by this field of study in Natural History.
ON TWO NEW HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA
Authors: Ashmead Wm. H.
Published: February 2010

Among a very interesting collection of Mexican and other Hemiptera sent to me by Mr. Samuel Henshaw, Curator of Boston Society of Natural History, for identification, I find two species new to science and peculiar to genera never before detected in North America, although both are well represented in the European fauna.

In the first genus, Stenocephalus A. & S., in Europe, four species are known, principally peculiar to the southern portions of that continent.
NOTE ON WESTERN SPHINGIDÆ
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

It is one of the pleasures which we older Entomologists alone feel to its full extent, when a well written paper, full of matter, falls under our notice on a favorite subject. Such a pleasure I experienced on receiving the June No. of the “old reliable” Canadian Entomologist, and the Rev. W. J. Holland's paper on our Sphingidæ opened before me. Supplementing, as it does in various points, Professor Fernald's valuable pamphlet, it will be welcome to all interested in the beautiful study of our Hawk Moths. Upon these I need not further dwell. I wish here to point out, in reference to the interesting remarks on our Westem Sphingidæ, that on page 8 of my “New Check List” I say that I am indebted to Mr. Henry Edwards for various assistance, and that “I have received from the same Entomologist information as to the synonymy of certain Western Sphingidæ.” Now the only two which have any synonymy beyond the original name are Occidentalis and Vancouverensis, and these are the ones meant. In fact the only Western form I ever possessed in my own collection was a specimen of S. perelegans, which seemed to me undoubtedly a distinct species, nor have I ever made any study of our Western forms. In my “New Check List” I omitted the use of the dash (—), which I have generally used (following Leconte) in my shorter lists after species unknown to me in nature.
NOTE ON FENESICA TARQUINIUS Fabr.
Authors: Haley George
Published: February 2010

I have seen this butterfly light on a species of Aphis, Schizoneura tessellata, found on Alnus in crowds on the bark, and from the position of its abdomen it seemed to be going to lay an egg among the plant-lice, but seeing me, she did not. Afterwards I scraped some of these larvæ off a twig of Alder and found a couple of larvæ; I sent them to Mr. W. H. Edwards, and he said that they were F. tatquinius, as I thought. The larvæ were under the bodies of the plant-lice, covered with a thin network of silk to keep the woolly secretion of the Aphides away from them. They were only half grown.
NOTE ON DICERCA DIVARICATA, Say
Authors: Caulfield F. B.
Published: February 2010

On the 12th of last June I observed a female of this species on a dead Maple. She was creeping down the tree, feeling the interstices of the bark with her ovipositor, but apparently without finding a suitable place, as no eggs were deposited so far as I could perceive. On the 19th, I observed another female, also on Maple. She was resting head downwards with the terminal segments of the abdomen slightly inclined, the ovipositor extended at a right angle with the body and placed in an old hole of some borer. She remained in this position for several minutes, the ovipositor being alternately dilated and contracted as if eggs were passing through. After she had gone away, I examined the place and found that, at a little distance from the surface, the hole was stopped with a smooth grayish substance. Not having a knife about me, I tried to remove it with a stalk of grass, but only succeeded in breaking it up into a yellowish fluid. I have no doubt that the creature deposited an egg, or eggs, and covered them with a kind of cement. Whether this is the usual manner in which the species oviposits I cannot say.
ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Grote Aug. R.
Published: February 2010

The study of the forms referable to the first or European element in the North American Moths, is complicated by the circumstance of the great range in the character and amount of the differences separating the related species now living so widely apart. These related species are found, in fact, to offer also difficulties as to their correct nomenclature. We have seen that the term “representative species,” like that of “prophetic types,” hides the real significance of the inter-resemblance which is that of a common descent. In naming these “representative” forms we must be guided by the rule that where the differences are such that the species would be considered distinct if members of a common fauna, a different specific title must be given them, but where these differences are slight, and what, under the same supposition, would be considered only varietal, the species must be considered as still identical, though separated so long in time and by so wide a space. The study of those forms which are practically identical is, as we have seen, further complicated by the difficulty of deciding as to whether they may have been introduced since the discovery of the New World by the Spaniards, or whether the species have continued unaltered since the Tertiary in both America and Europe. While certain species such as Scoliopteryx are undoubtedly in this latter case, it is less easy to feel so sure with regard to this in instances like Dipterygia Pinastri and the various identical forms of Agrotis, but on the whole I am inclined to believe that the number of species artificially exchanged is very small, and that these identical species have simply proved more constant and are of an older type than the rest.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF COENONYMPHA GALACTINUS, Boisduval
Authors: Edwards W. H.
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Conical, broadly truncated, the flat top covered with a low network of irregular meshes, very fine about the micropyle; the lower part rounded, almost hemispherical; the upper part of side and to about two thirds the distance to base ribbed vertically,—about forty low ribs, with fine transverse lines between them; below the ribs there is an irregular network; color yellow-green. Duration of this stage about 13 days.
A NEW NOXIOUS CAPSID
Authors: Uhler P. R.
Published: February 2010

Lygus monachus, n. sp.

Long oval, pale green or testaceous, coarsely punctate above, sericeous pubescent. Face convex, highly polished, bald; base of vertex with a longitudinal impressed line, towards which a similar line runs obliquely forward each side from the inner corner of the eye; antennæ sparsely and minutely pubescent; basal joint thickest, a little longer than the head, tapering at base; second joint thrice as long as the basal, infuscated, and a little enlarged towards the tip; third and fourth setaceous, both together not as long as the second. Pronotum highly polished, convex, coarsely punctate in transverse wavy lines, each side with a dark brown vitta, or long spot; lateral margins smooth, callous at base, the humeral angles subacute; callosities prominent, convex, almost confluent on the middle; lateral flap of pronotum irregularly punctate. Pectoral pieces pale, impunctate. Legs pale green, feebly pubescent; apex of posterior femur usually with one or two fuscous bands, tip of tarsi and the nails black. Scutellum moderately convex, excavated at base, transversely obselete, punctate, more or less infuscated. Corium coarsely transversely vastrate-punctate, the clavus more or less infuscated, sometimes with all but the margins covered with dark brown; corium usually with a transverse dark brown arc next the posterior border; cuneus long and wide, the incised base fuscous and the inner margin brown; membrane pale testaceous, with two or more dark clouded spots, the inner submargin of the principal areole, a spot at its tip and the base next the cuneus all more or less fuscous. Ventor pale greenish.
ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Grote Aug. R.
Published: February 2010

Again, the genera Citheronia and Eacles are a South American element in our fauna, while the typical Attacinæ, such as Actias, probably belong to the Old World element in our fauna, together with all our Platypteryginœ. Among the Hawk Moths the genera Philampelus and Phlegethontius are of probable South American extraction, though represented now by certain strictly North American species. Mr. Robert Bunker, writing from Rochester, N. Y., records the fact that Philampelus Pandorus, going into chrysaiis Augnst 1, came out Sept. 10 as a moth, showing that in a warmer climate the species would become doublebrooded. And this is undoubtedly the case with many species the farther we go South, where insect activities are not interrupted so long and so strictly by the cold of winter. Since the continuance of the pupal condition is influenced by cold, a diminishing seasonal temperature for ages may have originally affected, if not induced, the transformations of insects as a whole. Butterflies and Moths which are single brooded in the North become double brooded in the South.
NOTE ON AGROTIS HOSPITALIS
Authors: Grote A. R.
Published: February 2010

Having recently, through the kindness of Mr. W. W. Hill, the well known Lepidopterist, been able to carefully compare my type of hospitalis with a series of Agrotis perconflua Gr., I believe we have to do with a variety of this latter species differing by the black marked t. a. line, the black edging on costal region of t. p. line, the more suffused and deeper color. The insects are structurally identical, and although variation in these points is not usual (I have not met with it), yet the perfect correspondences in other points carry the conviction that in hospitalis from Lewis Co., N. Y., we have only a form of perconflua.
ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Grote Aug. R.
Published: February 2010

The following tables contain a partial resumé of the species common to Europe and North America, and also of what are technically known as representative species. I have intended to include only species which I have myself examined and which are with some certainty accurately compared. But the term “representative” species is in itself perfectly elastic, as I have elsewhere shown; in the present case the species compared are believed to have had a common ancestor in the Tertiary. With regard to the introduced species no historical data are accessible to me, and I doubt if any exist; it is a case for the operation of reasonable surmise. I think these tables are of preliminary interest and value; I first commenced to publish similar observations in the Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. In a comparison of European and American species we are chiefly indebted to M. Gueneè and Dr. Speyer.
NATURAL HISTORY NOTES ON CERTAIN COLEOPTERA. No. I
Authors: Hamilton John
Published: February 2010

Ceophyllus monilis Lec. Several of these curious little coleopters were taken May 11th, from a colony of ants inhabiting under a flat stone. This ant is honey yellow, .18 inch in length, very sluggish in its movements, and not disposed to be vicious; it seems to be the same as that with which Batrisus bistriatus is found (also in May), and is perhaps Lasius integerrimus, Mayr., which Mr. E. A. Schwarz thinks is the name of the ant with which on several occasions he found the same beetle in Michigan in early spring.

The beetles were on the under side of the stone distributed among the ants, and taking alarm immediately on its being overturned, scampered off so quickly into the underground galleries that only a few could be captured.
TENTHREDO (?) DELTA, PROV.
Authors: Harrington W. Hague
Published: February 2010

Among the Tenthredinidæ captured by me during the past season was a good series of Tenthredo delta Prov, consisting of 12 females and 26 males. In pinning them I was frequently struck by the evident irregularity of the venation of the wings, and on a more careful examination of the specimens I find these irregularities to be both numerous and remarkable. No other species represented in my cabinet show any such divergencies from the typical form, except in rare instances. Provancher describes the female (page 210, “Petite Faune Entomologique du Canada”) as having two discoidal cells in under wings, and Cresson (“Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,” vol. viii., page 44) as having one or two middle cells. One middle cell appears to be the rule, and any deviation therefrom to be an exception. Of my 12 specimens, 10 have one middle cell each, one has two middle cells, and the other none. The males are more uniform apparently in their venation, as none of my 26 specimens have middle cells in the under wings, thus agreeing with the description given by Cresson (loc. cit). Apart from the varying number of middle cells, the under wing of the females have the cells varying much in shape, especially the middle one, which ranges from a small triangular form to a large foursided (square or irregular) one. There are also occasionally small additional cells on the posterior margin.