bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Friedensbegriff Johann Rists am Beispiel des Friedensspiels ‘Das Friedewünschende Teutschland’ (1647)
Authors: Herenz Gordon
Published: May 2016

Johann Rist has been put in an irenic context by the scholarly community almost exclusively by tracing his academic career and focussing on his inclusion in the Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft in 1647. These points, however, can only serve as a frame for Rist’s irenic mentality and conduct, which is is revealed much more clearly in his works. In particular, his Friedewünschendes Teutschland (1647) proves to be a peace play, with which Rist presents himself not as a theologian promoting the polemical charge of the confessional conflict situation, but as a religious poet who calls for peace between the confessions through the use of allegorical characters. The relational view of his language and cultural patriotism and his moderate Lutheran faith in combination with his concept of a divinely animated nature provide a formative moment in the attempted reconciliation of the confessions and the imagined attainment of (temporal) peace.
The Material in Artistic Form: Bakhtin in Conjunction with Russian and Hungarian Theorists of the Early 20th Century
Authors: Horváth Kornélia
Published: May 2016

The aim of this paper is to summarize Bakhtin’s thoughts on the form of a work of art, based on his early study, entitled Content, Material and Form in Verbal Art, published only in 1975. Our „first step” in this study will be the critical analysis of Bakhtin’s evaluation of the Formal Method, in particular the considerations of the Russian Formalists on the form in art. The subsequent focus is on one of Bakhtin’s major statements connected with the problem of form and its consequences: “…aesthetic activity is directed toward a given material, it gives a form to that material alone: an aesthetically valid form is the form of a given material …”. (Art and Answerability, 262). Ultimately, it is curious that other Russian and European philosophers and thinkers, who are contemporaries of Bakhtin from the 1920s to the 1970s, such as Zhirmunsky, Tynianov, Mandelstam and Bergson, explicate artistic form in very similar fashion. We shall also point out some parallelisms with contemporaneous Hungarian thinkers, such as Attila József, Lajos Fülep and Sándor Sík.
MATTHEW H. VAN DAM & CHARLES W. O’BRIEN (2015) Review of the genus Miloderes Casey, 1888 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), with desciptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 4006 (2): 247–284.
Authors: DAM MATTHEW H. VAN , O’BRIEN CHARLES W.
Published: May 2016

N/A
Local Meteorological and Large-Scale Weather Characteristics of Fog over the Grand Casablanca Region, Morocco
Authors: Bari Driss , Bergot Thierry , El Khlifi Mohamed
Published: May 2016

Using a fog event approach, the local meteorological and synoptic characteristics of fogs that formed over the Grand Casablanca (GCB) region during a 9-yr period (2001–09) are investigated. A climatological study of fog, with emphasis on the fog temporal variability and spatial distribution, is carried out on the basis of hourly surface meteorological observations at two synoptic stations in the region. The fog events are classified into fog types, using an objective classification algorithm, and are characterized by their duration, intensity, and times of onset and dissipation. In addition, fog events are classified into two distinct categories (isolated and widespread) on the basis of their spatial extent. K-means cluster analysis is applied to the patterns of mean sea level pressure in ERA-Interim reanalyses at 0000 UTC to determine the synoptic circulation types associated with fog occurrence in the GCB region. Results show that the fog frequency at the inland suburban station is more recurrent than at the coastal urban station. The fog events are predominantly of the advection–radiation type, with a marked tendency of nighttime occurrence during the winter. The spatial distribution analysis points out the localized character of fog and reveals the possibility of different fog types occurring when fog is present near the two stations simultaneously. Furthermore, the interaction between local- and large-scale mechanisms suggests that advective processes associated with sea-breeze circulation during daytime, followed by radiative processes early in the night, often lead to fog formation over the GCB region.
Multiregional Satellite Precipitation Products Evaluation over Complex Terrain
Authors: Derin Yagmur , Anagnostou Emmanouil , Berne Alexis , Borga Marco , Boudevillain Brice , Buytaert Wouter , Chang Che-Hao , Delrieu Guy , Hong Yang , Hsu Yung Chia , Lavado-Casimiro Waldo , Manz Bastian , Moges Semu , Nikolopoulos Efthymios I. , Sahlu Dejene , Salerno Franco , Rodríguez-Sánchez Juan-Pablo , Vergara Humberto J. , Yilmaz Koray K.
Published: May 2016

An extensive evaluation of nine global-scale high-resolution satellite-based rainfall (SBR) products is performed using a minimum of 6 years (within the period of 2000–13) of reference rainfall data derived from rain gauge networks in nine mountainous regions across the globe. The SBR products are compared to a recently released global reanalysis dataset from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The study areas include the eastern Italian Alps, the Swiss Alps, the western Black Sea of Turkey, the French Cévennes, the Peruvian Andes, the Colombian Andes, the Himalayas over Nepal, the Blue Nile in East Africa, Taiwan, and the U.S. Rocky Mountains. Evaluation is performed at annual, monthly, and daily time scales and 0.25° spatial resolution. The SBR datasets are based on the following retrieval algorithms: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP). SBR products are categorized into those that include gauge adjustment versus unadjusted. Results show that performance of SBR is highly dependent on the rainfall variability. Many SBR products usually underestimate wet season and overestimate dry season precipitation. The performance of gauge adjustment to the SBR products varies by region and depends greatly on the representativeness of the rain gauge network.
Revisiting the Generation of Internal Waves by Resonant Interaction with Surface Waves
Authors: Olbers Dirk , Eden Carsten
Published: May 2016

Two surface waves can interact to produce an internal gravity wave by nonlinear resonant coupling. The process has been called spontaneous creation (SC) because it operates without internal waves being initially present. Previous studies have shown that the generated internal waves have high frequency close to the local Brunt–Väisälä frequency and wavelengths that are much larger than those of the participating surface waves, and that the spectral transfer rate of energy to the internal wave field is small compared to other generation processes. The aim of the present analysis is to provide a global map of the energy transfer into the internal wave field by surface–internal wave interaction, which is found to be about 10−3 TW in total, based on a realistic wind-sea spectrum (depending on wind speed), mixed layer depths, and stratification below the mixed layer taken from a state-of-the-art numerical ocean model. Unlike previous calculations of the spectral transfer rate based on a vertical mode decomposition, the authors use an analytical framework that directly derives the energy flux of generated internal waves radiating downward from the mixed layer base. Since the radiated waves are of high frequency, they are trapped and dissipated in the upper ocean. The radiative flux thus feeds only a small portion of the water column, unlike in cases of wind-driven near-inertial waves that spread over the entire ocean depth before dissipating. The authors also give an estimate of the interior dissipation and implied vertical diffusivities due to this process. In an extended appendix, they review the modal description of the SC interaction process, completed by the corresponding counterpart, the modulation interaction process (MI), where a preexisting internal wave is modulated by a surface wave and interacts with another one. MI establishes a damping of the internal wave field, thus acting against SC. The authors show that SC overcomes MI for wind speeds exceeding about 10 m s−1.
Kinetic Energy Budget during the Genesis Period of Tropical Cyclone Durian (2001) in the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Yaping , Cui Xiaopeng , Li Xiaofan , Zhang Wenlong , Huang Yongjie
Published: May 2016

A set of kinetic energy (KE) budget equations associated with four horizontal flow components was derived to study the KE characteristics during the genesis of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Durian (2001) in the South China Sea using numerical simulation data. The genesis process was divided into three stages: the monsoon trough stage (stage 1), the midlevel mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) stage (stage 2), and the establishment stage of the TC vortex (stage 3). Analysis showed that the KE of the symmetric rotational flow (SRF) was the largest and kept increasing, especially in stages 2 and 3, representing the symmetrization process during TC genesis. The KE of the SRF was mainly converted from the KE of the symmetric divergent flow (SDF), largely transformed from the available potential energy (APE). It was found that vortical hot towers (VHTs) emerged abundantly, aggregated, and merged within the MCV region in stages 1 and 2. From the energy budget perspective, massive moist-convection-produced latent heat was concentrated and accumulated within the MCV region, especially in stage 2, and further warmed the atmosphere, benefiting the accumulation of APE and the transformation from APE to KE. As a result, the midlevel circulation (or MCV) grew strong rapidly. In stage 3, the intensity and number of VHTs both decreased. However, affected by increasing lower-level inward radial wind, latent heat released by the organized convection, instead of disorganized VHTs in the first two stages, continuously contributed to the strengthening of the surface TC circulation as well as the warm core.
Sensitivity of Calibrated Week-2 Probabilistic Forecast Skill to Reforecast Sampling of the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System
Authors: Ou Melissa H. , Charles Mike , Collins Dan C.
Published: May 2016

CPC requires the reforecast-calibrated Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) to support the production of their official 6–10- and 8–14-day temperature and precipitation forecasts. While a large sample size of forecast–observation pairs is desirable to generate the necessary model climatology and variances, and covariances to observations, sampling by reforecasts could be done to use available computing resources most efficiently. A series of experiments was done to assess the impact on calibrated forecast skill of using a smaller sample size than the current available reforecast dataset. This study focuses on the skill of week-2 probabilistic forecasts of the 7-day-mean 2-m temperature and accumulated precipitation. The tercile forecasts are expressed as being below-, near-, and above-normal temperature/median precipitation over the continental United States (CONUS). Calibration statistics were calculated using an ensemble regression technique from 25 yr of daily, 11-member GEFS reforecasts for 1986–2010, which were then used to postprocess the GEFS model forecasts for 2011–13. In assessing the skill of calibrated model output using a reforecast dataset with fewer years and ensemble members, and an ensemble run less frequently than daily, it was determined that reductions in the number of ensemble members to six or fewer and reductions in the frequency of reforecast runs from daily to once a week were achievable with minimal loss of skill. However, reducing the number of years of reforecasts to less than 25 resulted in a greater skill degradation. The loss of skill was statistically significant using only 18 yr of reforecasts from 1993 to 2010 to generate model statistics.
Gustatory Dysfunction and Decreased Number of Fungiform Taste Buds in Patients With Chronic Otitis Media With Cholesteatoma
Authors: Saito Takehisa , Ito Tetsufumi , Ito Yumi , Yamada Takechiyo , Okamoto Masayuki , Manabe Yasuhiro
Published: May 2016

Objective:

To compare the number of fungiform taste buds among patients with chronic otitis media (COM), those with pars flaccida retraction type cholesteatoma, and those with pars tensa retraction type cholesteatoma in combination with gustatory function.

Methods:

Thirty-seven patients with COM, 22 patients with pars flaccida retraction type cholesteatoma, and 17 patients with pars tensa retraction type cholesteatoma were included. An average of 10 fungiform papillae (FP) per patient in the midlateral region of the tongue were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo, and the average number of taste buds were counted. Just before the observation of FP, electrogustometry (EGM) was performed to evaluate gustatory function.

Results:

A significant decrease of the average number of fungiform taste buds and significant elevation of EGM thresholds were clarified in the pars tensa retraction type cholesteatoma group but not in the COM or pars flaccida type cholesteatoma group.

Conclusion:

It was suggested that some neurotoxic cytokines produced by cholesteatoma tissue might affect the CTN morphology, resulting in a decreased number of fungiform taste buds and elevation of EGM threshold in patients with pars tensa retraction type cholesteatoma.
Paediatric reference ranges for faecal calprotectin: a UK study
Authors: Davidson Fiona , Lock Robert J
Published: May 2016

Background

Faecal calprotectin has been shown to be a useful non-invasive marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults. Although there are well-established reference ranges for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in adults, these have been less well studied in children. The objective was to establish reference ranges in our local population.

Method

All faecal calprotectin results from 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively collated and grouped according to patient age. Probability plots were used to determine expected upper limit of normal for each age group, and Mann-Whitney test was used to determine statistical difference between groups.

Results

Upper limit of normal for age groups 1–3.9 years, 4–17.9 years and 18 years plus were 77, 62 and 61  µg/g, respectively. There was a significant difference ( P = 0.0013) between the median calprotectin concentration for the age group 1–3.9 years ( n = 87) and 4–17.9 years ( n = 636) and between the age group 1–3.9 years and 18 years plus ( n = 7953, P = 0.0001), but there was no significant difference between the age groups 4–17.9 years and 18 years plus ( P = 0.4206).

Conclusions

In our local population, faecal calprotectin varies with age. Children aged 1–3.9 years had higher concentrations of faecal calprotectin than adults, but there was no significant difference in faecal calprotectin between older children and adults. This is in agreement with other published studies; however, the faecal calprotectin upper limit of normal calculated for children aged 1–3.9 years was lower than has been observed elsewhere.
‘If Today You Hear His Voice …’: Repentance, Return, and Reconciliation in the Old Testament
Authors: Guyette Fred
Published: May 2016

Repentance, return, and reconciliation are closely related themes in Biblical literature. Here, I trace an arc from Genesis to Nehemiah upon which these themes might be mapped. In Genesis, there are three stories of separated brothers that educate the desire for return and reconciliation. After The Exodus from Egypt, when the wilderness generation has turned away from Yhwh to worship the golden calf, Moses exhorts them: Return to worshiping the God who led us out of slavery into freedom, and obey Him. In The Book of Judges, there is a frustrating cycle in which Israel turns away from God, suffers disaster, and then repents, but soon then they forget about God again, and the cycle is repeated. In Samuel and Hosea, however, repentance begins to escape that cycle and move forward. King Josiah and Jeremiah, too, urge the people of Judah: Return to the ways of The Lord. For Ezra and Nehemiah, it is good for those who have been in exile to return to Jerusalem, but it is much more important that, no matter where God’s people are, they learn to examine their consciences through prayer and return to the Lord. With the help of The Psalms, we can discover the meaning of repentance in sacramental and liturgical contexts.
Cassiodorus’ ‘Two Peoples’: A New Interpretation
Authors: Shaw Richard
Published: May 2016

Cassiodorus’ tract De anima is among his least studied works. The only element that has attracted significant scholarly attention is his mention of ‘two peoples’. This has often been taken to refer to political conditions in his own time. Examination of the key phrase in context, however, reveals the reference is simpler and more theological, in line with the character of the rest of the work.
School meals do not have a given place in Swedish school’s quality management
Authors: Olsson Cecilia , Waling Maria
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

Sweden is one of three countries worldwide which has a legal requirement to ensure that pupils in compulsory school should be offered free, nutritious school meals. Furthermore, the law states that school meal provision should be included in schools’ internal quality management (IQM) system. The objective of this study was to examine to what extent schools in Sweden are following the legal requirement to include school meals in IQM and the relationship between this inclusion and the application of government advisory guidelines regarding school meals.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Head teachers evenly distributed across all regions in Sweden representing municipality schools, independent schools and Sami schools.

Method:

Web-based questionnaire completed by 216 head teachers.

Results:

About half of the schools did not meet the legal requirement to include schools meals in the IQM. Furthermore, familiarity with and use of the National Food Agency (NFA) guidelines and the web-based tool School Food Sweden, as well as activities considered as part of a pedagogical school meal and the inclusion of school meals in interdisciplinary work, were reported to be less common in schools not including school meals in their IQM system.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that when there is inclusion of school meals in a school’s quality management system, the school is also more likely to include school meals as part of educational activities. By acknowledging school meal provision as part of the educational process, possibilities are opened up for health-promoting activities to prevent non-communicable disease.
Out of sight, out of mind? How and when cognitive role transition episodes influence employee performance
Authors: Smit Brandon W , Maloney Patrick W , Maertz Carl P , Montag-Smit Tamara
Published: May 2016

A widely-cited proposition in boundary theory states that it is difficult for individuals to transition between roles, especially when these roles are highly segmented. Surprisingly, this hypothesis has not been directly tested. We provide an empirical test of these propositions and draw from the self-regulation literature to expand boundary theory in exploring how episodes of cognitive role transitions impact job performance. We propose that cognitive role transitioning is cognitively demanding, which consumes the limited executive control resources that facilitate effective job performance. In a multilevel study of 619 employees providing 4371 episodes, we observed that work-to-family cognitive role transitioning was negatively related to job performance, and this effect was mediated by self-regulatory depletion. Although individuals with greater role integration were somewhat more likely to experience cognitive role transitions than those with segmented roles, these individuals were also buffered from the self-regulatory depletion that impairs effective job performance. Overall, these findings suggest that integration, rather than segmentation, may be a better long-term boundary management strategy for minimizing self-regulatory depletion and maintaining higher levels of job performance during inevitable work–family role transitions.
The Evolutionary Meaning of World 3
Authors: Cambier Hubert
Published: May 2016

The World 3 (W3) theory outlined by Popper in the 1960s has been diversely received, raising enthusiasms as well as severe criticisms. In this paper, I resituate the theory in the development of Popper’s philosophy. I not only present the three “sources” (evolutionism, K. Bühler’s theory of language, Frege’s semantics) of W3, but I also show that the first one dominates the two others. Comparing it with a few other evolutionary philosophies, I propose to understand Popper’s metaphysics as part of an evolutionary and spiritualist philosophy, which was, however, always balanced by a strong ethical reminder of the inescapability of human responsibility.
Number of Dependents, Community Support, and Mental Health in Later Life: Does Gender Make a Difference?
Authors: Nwoke Mary Basil , Chukwuorji JohnBosco Chika , Ebere Magnus Okechukwu
Published: May 2016

This study examined associations of number of dependents and community support with mental health and whether the nature of these associations differs for males and females. Data were obtained from 209 elderly Nigerians using self-report measures. Hierarchical multiple regression (stepwise method) and Hayes regression-based PROCESS approach for tests of moderation were employed in analyzing the data. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression showed that number of dependents predicted mental health for the total sample and for men, but not for women. For the subgroups of men and women, there were significant predictions of mental health by community integration, community participation, and use of community organization, even after controlling for the roles of sociodemographic variables. The hypothesis on the moderation effect of community support on the associations of number of dependents and mental health was also supported. Findings highlighted the importance of addressing gender differences in the role of social capital in mental health.
Asking for more than an answer: What do askers expect in online Q&A services?
Authors: Choi Erik , Shah Chirag
Published: May 2016

Q&A services allow one to express an information need in the form of a natural language question and seek information from users of those services. Despite a recent rise in the research related to various issues of online Q&A, there is still a lack of consideration for how the situational context behind asking a question affects quality judgements. By focusing on users’ expectations when asking a question, the work reported here builds on a framework of understanding how people assess information. Mixed method analysis – employing sequentially the Internet-based survey, diary and interviews – was used in a study to investigate this issue. A total of 226 online Q&A users participated in the study, and it was found that looking for quick responses, looking for additional or alternative information, and looking for accurate or complete information were the primary expectations of the askers. Findings can help identify why and how users engage in information seeking within an online Q&A context, and may help develop more comprehensive personalised approaches to deriving information relevance and satisfaction that include user expectations.
Vocal Fold Paralysis after Esophagectomy for Carcinoma
Authors: Loochtan Michael J. , Balcarcel Daniel , Carroll Elizabeth , Foecking Eileen M. , Thorpe Eric J. , Charous Steven J.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

(1) To recognize factors that contribute to vocal fold paralysis (VFP) after esophagectomy. (2) To describe the morbidity associated with VFP after esophagectomy.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

The medical records of 91 patients undergoing esophagectomy for malignancy were reviewed (2008‐2014). Twenty‐two patients with postoperative VFP were compared with 69 patients without VFP with regard to preoperative variables, surgical approach (transcervical vs other), and postoperative outcomes. A subset analysis of cervical approaches was performed, including those where an otolaryngologist assisted.

Results

There were no significant differences in preoperative variables between patients with and without VFP. Cervical approaches were associated with increased VFP (P <. 0001). Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) identification was associated with increased VFP (P =. 0001). RLN dissection by head and neck surgeons was associated with decreased VFP (P =. 0223). Patients with VFP had longer lengths of stay (P =. 0078), higher rates of tracheotomy (P =. 0439), and required more outpatient swallow evaluations (P =. 0017). Mean time to diagnosis of VFP was 45.6 days (median, 7.5 days).

Conclusions

Cervical approaches are associated with increased VFP in patients undergoing esophagectomy for malignancy. When cervical approaches and mobilization are required, the inclusion of an experienced cervical surgeon to identify the RLN may improve the rate of postoperative VFP. Patients with VFP after esophagectomy experience significantly more morbidity. Due to the potential delay in diagnosis and treatment of postoperative VFP, routine assessment of inpatient vocal fold function may be beneficial.
Cohesion as ‘common sense’: Everyday narratives of community and cohesion in New Labour’s Britain
Authors: Donoghue Matthew
Published: May 2016

This article engages with popular narratives of community and cohesion, explored through a series of focus groups in Bradford and Birmingham. This article argues that the participants interviewed used discourses propagated by government to make sense of these narratives in their neighbourhoods and communities. The use of these discourses constructs what Gramsci calls a ‘common sense’ position, which legitimises a specific and targeted notion of cohesion. However, participants can contaminate these discourses, which can lead to subtle changes or explicit challenges to dominant discourses on community and cohesion in the United Kingdom.
Comparison of non-invasive MRI measurements of cerebral blood flow in a large multisite cohort
Authors: Dolui Sudipto , Wang Ze , Wang Danny JJ , Mattay Raghav , Finkel Mack , Elliott Mark , Desiderio Lisa , Inglis Ben , Mueller Bryon , Stafford Randall B , Launer Lenore J , Jacobs David R , Bryan R Nick , Detre John A
Published: May 2016

Arterial spin labeling and phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging provide independent non-invasive methods for measuring cerebral blood flow. We compared global cerebral blood flow measurements obtained using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling and phase contrast in 436 middle-aged subjects acquired at two sites in the NHLBI CARDIA multisite study. Cerebral blood flow measured by phase contrast (CBFPC: 55.76 ± 12.05 ml/100 g/min) was systematically higher ( p < 0.001) and more variable than cerebral blood flow measured by pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (CBFPCASL: 47.70 ± 9.75). The correlation between global cerebral blood flow values obtained from the two modalities was 0.59 ( p < 0.001), explaining less than half of the observed variance in cerebral blood flow estimates. Well-established correlations of global cerebral blood flow with age and sex were similarly observed in both CBFPCASL and CBFPC. CBFPC also demonstrated statistically significant site differences, whereas no such differences were observed in CBFPCASL. No consistent velocity-dependent effects on pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling were observed, suggesting that pseudo-continuous labeling efficiency does not vary substantially across typical adult carotid and vertebral velocities, as has previously been suggested. Conclusions: Although CBFPCASL and CBFPC values show substantial similarity across the entire cohort, these data do not support calibration of CBFPCASL using CBFPC in individual subjects. The wide-ranging cerebral blood flow values obtained by both methods suggest that cerebral blood flow values are highly variable in the general population.
Replication of Special Education Research
Authors: Makel Matthew C. , Plucker Jonathan A. , Freeman Jennifer , Lombardi Allison , Simonsen Brandi , Coyne Michael
Published: May 2016

Increased calls for rigor in special education have often revolved around the use of experimental research design. However, the replicability of research results is also a central tenet to the scientific research process. To assess the prevalence, success rate, and authorship history of replications in special education, we investigated the complete publication history of every replication published in the 36 journals categorized by ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Report as special education. We found that 0.5% of all articles reported seeking to replicate a previously published finding. More than 80% of these replications reported successfully replicating previous findings. However, replications where there was at least one author overlapping with the original article (which happens about two thirds of the time) were statistically significantly more likely to find successful results.
Prediction Equations Underestimate Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients With End‐Stage Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hollander Francis M. , Kok Annemieke , de Roos Nicole M. , Belle‐van Meerkerk Gerdien , van de Graaf Ed A.
Published: May 2016

Background: Resting energy expenditure (REE) is increased in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with end‐stage lung disease due to chronic inflammation and pulmonary infections. After lung transplantation (LTx), energy expenditure is expected to be lower because inflammation will decrease. We assessed the agreement between measured and predicted REE in pre‐LTx CF and post‐LTx patients with CF and differences in REE in pre‐LTx CF and post‐LTx patients with CF in a cross‐sectional study. Methods: Included were 12 pre‐LTx patients with CF (9 women; median age 31.6 years; interquartile range [IQR], 23.3–40.0) and 12 patients with CF within 2 years after LTx (6 women; median age 33.5 years; IQR, 22.3–40.3). REE was measured in a fasted state using indirect calorimetry. Values were compared with predicted REE calculated by formulas of Harris‐Benedict (1919 and 1984), Schofield, and the World Health Organization (1985). A calculated REE between 90% and 110% of REE measured was considered adequate. Results: Prediction equations underestimate REE in at least 75% of pre‐LTx and 33% of post‐LTx patients with CF. Mean (SD) REE measured by indirect calorimetry was 1735 (251) kcal pre‐LTx and 1650 (235) kcal post‐LTx (P = .40). REE expressed per kilogram of fat‐free mass (FFM) was 40.5 kcal/kg in pre‐LTx patients with CF, which was higher than the 34.3 kcal/kg in post‐LTx patients with CF (P = .01). Conclusions: Prediction equations underestimate REE in patients with end‐stage CF. REE per kg of FFM is lower post‐LTx than pre‐LTx in patients with CF. Measurement of REE is recommended for patients with CF, especially pre‐LTx, to optimize energy requirements for improving nutrition status.
The Zapatista challenge: Politics after catastrophe
Authors: Reyes Alvaro
Published: May 2016

In this article, I examine the prescient political/theoretical contributions of the Zapatista movement in the context of the emergence and decline of Latin America’s “progressive governments.” Mexico’s ongoing and devastating social decomposition, and the structural crisis of contemporary capitalism. In doing so, I place the Zapatistas’ theorizations on the nature of “neoliberal globalization” in extended conversation with the work of Ernesto Laclau and Antonio Negri—both of whom have served as key referents for Latin America’s left. I argue that Zapatismo deserves to be taken seriously as an endeavor that both parallels and exceeds these more well-known theorists and thus allows for rather unique insights into what the recuperation of an anti-capitalist political horizon might require today.
Partner notification in cooperation with community-based organizations among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in two Chinese cities
Authors: Fu Xiaojing , Qi Jinlei , Hu Yifei , Pan Xiaohong , Li Youfang , Liu Hui , Wu Di , Yin Wenyuan , Zhao Yuan , Shan Duo , Zhang Nanci Nanyi , Zhang Dapeng , Sun Jiangping
Published: May 2016

The epidemic of HIV/AIDS among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) is rapidly escalating. We implemented partner notification among HIV-infected MSM, cooperating with MSM-serving community-based organizations (CBOs) in two Chinese cities from June 2014 to May 2015. CBOs participated in identifying new HIV-positive MSM utilizing rapid HIV tests and partner notification among index cases. 253 index cases were recruited and 275 sexual partners were notified and tested with 10.5% screened positive. Compared with previously identified index cases, the proportion of contactable sexual partners of newly identified index cases was higher, but the testing rate was lower (p < 0.001). Overall, 83.7% of sexual partners were casual with a contactable rate of 24.9% and a HIV testing rate of 71.1%. Having no contact information for sexual partners and fear of disclosure of HIV status are the main reasons for declining partner notification. It is feasible and effective to perform partner notification in cooperation with CBOs serving Chinese MSM.
L’humour comme arme : Le cas du Dieu du carnage de Yasmina Reza
Authors: Jaccomard Hélène
Published: May 2016

Résumé

Le conflit est l’essence du théâtre, la chose est connue lorsqu’il s’agit de la tragédie, mais c’est également vrai pour la comédie. En prenant à titre d’exemple la pièce de Yasmina Reza, Le Dieu du carnage, l’article analyse les rapports en apparence paradoxaux entre la violence et l’humour. La pièce repose sur la théorie que la civilisation est incapable de contrôler la violence des instincts, avec des dialogues où l’humour fonctionne comme une arme entre les personnages, arme qui tantôt entretient le cycle de la violence, tantôt l’interrompt. On s’interroge pour savoir quelle place dans la modernité occupe cette arme qu’est l’humour, arme d’attaque, de défense voire de dissuasion. L’humour révèle-t-il la nature primitive des conflits de nos sociétés pourtant policées ?
The effects of intravenous aminophylline on level of consciousness in acute intentional benzodiazepines poisoning in comparison to flumazenil
Authors: Aghabiklooei A , Sangsefidi J
Published: May 2016

Aim:

Acute intentional benzodiazepine poisoning is marked by a significant loss of consciousness, aspiration pneumonia, and increased rates of mortality and morbidity, especially in older patients with underlying heart or lung disease. These patients may need flumazenil to reverse the respiratory effects of benzodiazepines. The positive effects of aminophylline on respiration and neonatal apnea improvement have been shown previously. However, its possible effects on increasing the level of consciousness have never been evaluated.

Methods:

In a placebo-controlled study, we assessed the effectiveness of aminophylline on increasing the level of consciousness.

Results:

Time to full awakening was significantly shorter in those who received aminophylline (72 min vs. 881 min, p = 0.001), compared to those who received a placebo.

Conclusion:

When “flumazenil” is contraindicated or unavailable, intravenous aminophylline can be used as a second choice.
Introduction to Special Issue
Authors: Musti-Rao Shobana
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this special issue to provide teachers with ideas and resources on how to integrate technology into evidence-based practices in their classroom. The articles featured in this special issue focus on teaching academic and behavioral skills that can be implemented within a tier-based instructional framework (e.g., response to intervention) for students struggling to meet grade-level requirements in inclusive settings.
Correlation of Talar Anatomy and Subtalar Joint Alignment on Weightbearing Computed Tomography With Radiographic Flatfoot Parameters
Authors: Cody Elizabeth A. , Williamson Emilie R. , Burket Jayme C. , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J.
Published: May 2016

Background:

Underlying bony deformity may be related to development of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD). Multiplanar weightbearing (MP-WB) computed tomography can be used to identify subtalar deformity which may contribute to valgus hindfoot alignment. On coronal MP-WB images, 2 angles reliably evaluate the subtalar joint axis: the angle between the inferior facet of the talus and the horizontal (inftal-hor) and the angle between the inferior and superior facets of the talus (inftal-suptal). Although these angles have been shown to differ significantly between flatfoot patients and controls, no study has investigated their relationships with other components of AAFD. We hypothesized that these angles would correlate strongly with commonly used radiographic measures of AAFD.

Methods:

Forty-five patients with stage II AAFD and 17 control patients underwent MP-WB imaging and standard weightbearing radiographs. MP-WB measurements were correlated with standard radiographic measurements of AAFD. Differences between AAFD and control patients were assessed using independent samples t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. To assess correlations between each MP-WB measurement and radiographic measurement, factorial generalized linear models (GLMs) were constructed.

Results:

Patients with AAFD differed from the controls in all measured angles ( P ≤ .001 for each). After accounting for differences between flatfoot and control patients, inftal-hor was not significantly correlated with any of the radiographic angles. Inftal-suptal, however, correlated with the AP coverage angle, AP talar–first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch, Meary’s angle, medial column height, and hindfoot alignment after accounting for differences between flatfoot patients and controls. Meary’s angle alone explained 48% of the variation in inftal-suptal angles.

Conclusion:

As measured on coronal MP-WB images, patients with stage II AAFD had more innate valgus in their talar anatomy as well as more valgus alignment of their subtalar joints than did control patients. It is possible that this information could be used to identify patients likely to have progression of deformity and may ultimately guide the approach to operative reconstruction.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case-control study.
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in People With and Without Plantar Heel Pain
Authors: Cotchett Matthew , Munteanu Shannon E. , Landorf Karl B.
Published: May 2016

Background:

Depression, anxiety, and stress are prevalent in patients with musculoskeletal pain, but the impact of these emotional states has not been evaluated in people with plantar heel pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between depression, anxiety, and stress with plantar heel pain.

Methods:

Forty-five participants with plantar heel pain were matched by sex and age (±2 years) to 45 participants without plantar heel pain. Levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (short version) in participants with and without plantar heel pain. Logistic regression was conducted to determine if levels of depression, anxiety, or stress were associated with having plantar heel pain.

Results:

Univariate analysis indicated that participants with plantar heel pain had greater levels of depression (mean difference = 4.4, 95% CI 2.3 to 6.5), anxiety (mean difference = 2.6, 95% CI 0.9 to 4.3), and stress (mean difference = 4.8, 95% CI 1.9 to 7.8). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and education, for every 1 unit increase in depression, anxiety, or stress (in the DASS subscales), the odds ratios for having plantar heel pain were increased by 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6), 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.5), and 1.2 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.3), respectively.

Conclusion:

Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were independently associated with plantar heel pain. Larger prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the temporal association between these emotional states and plantar heel pain.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, cross sectional, observational.
Reframing the focus from a family-centred to a child-centred care approach for children’s healthcare
Authors: Coyne Imelda , Hallström Inger , Söderbäck Maja
Published: May 2016

In this article, we argue for a conceptual move from family-centred care (FCC) to a child-centred care approach and the implications for clinical nursing practice. Firstly, we argue that the parents and professional dominance constructs an asymmetric relationship towards the child, which may take away the focus from the child; Secondly, we need to renew efforts to promote the fundamental principles of protection, promotion and participation rights for children and young people according to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child declaration and thirdly, we need to strengthen the child’s perspective and to view the child as an agent representing own experiences and wishes to be respected and negotiated.
Isotetrandrine ameliorates tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress through upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression
Authors: Wang Lidong , Ci Xinxin , Lv Hongming , Wang Xiaosong , Qin F Xiaofeng , Cheng Genhong
Published: May 2016

1R, 1′S-isotetrandrine, a naturally occurring plant alkaloid found in Mahonia of Berberidaceae, possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties, but the antioxidative activity and mechanism action remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the antioxidative effect and mechanism of 1R, 1'S-isotetrandrine against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. We found that 1R, 1′S-isotetrandrine suppressed cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, and glutathione depletion. Additionally, our study confirmed that 1R, 1′S-isotetrandrine significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 expression and nuclear translocation of factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Specifically, the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by 1R, 1′S-isotetrandrine was associated with Nrf2 negative regulatory protein Keap1 inactivation and phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Preincubation with thiol-reducing agents reduced 1R, 1′S-isotetrandrine-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression, and treatment with either extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase or c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitors attenuated the levels of 1R, 1′S-isotetrandrine-induced Nrf2 activation and heme oxygenase-1 expression. Furthermore, the cytoprotective effect of 1R, 1′S-isotetrandrine was abolished by heme oxygenase-1, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitors. These results indicated that the 1R, 1′S-isotetrandrine ameliorated tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage through upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression by the dissociation of Nrf2 from Nrf2-Keap1 complex via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and Keap1 inactivation.
Platelet-mimetic strategies for modulating the wound environment and inflammatory responses
Authors: Nandi Seema , Brown Ashley C
Published: May 2016

Platelets closely interface with the immune system to fight pathogens, target wound sites, and regulate tissue repair. Natural platelet levels within the body can be depleted for a variety of reasons, including excessive bleeding following traumatic injury, or diseases such as cancer and bacterial or viral infections. Platelet transfusions are commonly used to improve platelet count and hemostatic function in these cases, but transfusions can be complicated by the contamination risks and short storage life of donated platelets. Lyophilized platelets that can be freeze-dried and stored for longer periods of time and synthetic platelet-mimetic technologies that can enhance or replace the functions of natural platelets, while minimizing adverse immune responses have been explored as alternatives to transfusion. Synthetic platelets typically comprise nanoparticles surface-decorated with peptides or ligands to recreate specific biological characteristics of platelets, including targeting of wound and disease sites and facilitating platelet aggregation. Recent efforts in synthetic platelet design have additionally focused on matching platelet shape and mechanics to recreate the marginalization and clot contraction capabilities of natural platelets. The ability to specifically tune the properties of synthetic platelet-mimetic materials has shown utility in a variety of applications including hemostasis, drug delivery, and targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics.
Interface
Authors: Coren Samuel A.
Published: May 2016

This article details the vision, goals, and legacy of Interface: Providence, the 1974 Downtown Providence master plan that proposed to transform the city center into an autorestricted regional mass transit hub where public parks replaced surface parking lots and rigid functional zoning gave way to higher densities and mixed uses. Interface catalyzed a generation of Downtown advocates who valued historic preservation, walkable streets, and quality public spaces as first principles. And yet, the plan’s big-picture vision of a transit-oriented metropolis with Downtown as its center had relatively little impact on subsequent transportation policy, and, by this measure, Interface remains an untested proposition.
Balancing Communities, Cultures, and Conflict
Authors: Ober Patrick , Decker Janet R.
Published: May 2016

This case illustrates why future school leaders must be prepared to handle complex legal and political issues that commonly arise in school districts today. We discuss a long-standing and unresolved legal battle between a Hasidic Jewish community and the public school district in East Ramapo, New York. In particular, we examine the difficulties educational leaders face when they must balance the needs of diverse groups within a school district. We conclude by analyzing the legal and political issues that arose in East Ramapo, including church–state separatism and special education. We also pose questions designed to prepare educational leaders for similar situations where they must address complex legal and political issues.
Carotid intervention following transient ischaemic attack: What are we waiting for?
Authors: Qureshi Mahim I , Davies Alun H
Published: May 2016

Transient ischaemic attack secondary to carotid stenosis has the highest risk of stroke recurrence compared with other aetiological subtypes. International guidelines advocate carotid intervention within one to two weeks of the index neurological event. Traditionally, delayed carotid intervention was perceived to be a safer management strategy, yet classic trials of endarterectomy and recent meta-analysis of carotid intervention demonstrate the safety of hyperacute carotid intervention. Data from international studies suggest that targets are not being met, the reasons for which are multifactorial, but patients suffering transient or ocular symptoms are particularly delayed. Efforts should be made to conduct regional studies investigating the root causes of delayed intervention, with subsequent policy adjustment to expedite intervention, and interim optimisation of medical management to reduce the incidence of recurrent stroke.