bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strangulation of the abducens nerve by an arachnoid band within an epidermoid cyst: illustrative case
Authors: Kosarchuk Jacob , Patel Shrey , Dent Walter , Heilman Carl B
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Intracranial epidermoid cysts (ECs) are rare benign lesions of ectodermal origin that can be found in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). If large enough, they compress surrounding structures, causing cranial neuropathies, cerebellar dysfunction, and hydrocephalus.

OBSERVATIONS

In this case report, the authors present a patient with headaches and diplopia secondary to a CPA EC. The cyst had wrapped itself around and was strangulating the abducens nerve. This choking of the nerve was believed to have been the cause of the patient’s double vision. The arachnoid band was released with a myringotomy knife.

LESSONS

Intracranial ECs typically cause symptoms from mass effect on surrounding structures; it is unusual for one to have choked off the nerve in the fashion presented in this case. Knowledge of the potential ways that ECs can affect nervous structures is critical for resecting them without injuring normal tissue.
Apophatic and Anthropomorphic Visions of God in Philo of Alexandria
Authors: Mackie Scott D.
Published: October 2023

Despite his core theological convictions that God is incorporeal, formless, invisible, and unchangeable, in some of his most carefully crafted visio Dei texts Philo portrays God “changing shape” and temporarily adopting a human form. However, these are only “seeming appearances” and actually involve God projecting a human-shaped “impression,” or “appearance” (φαντασία) from his shapeless, immaterial being. By accommodating the overwhelming reality of God’s being to the perceptual and conceptual limitations of the human percipient, these docetic theophanies allow humans to more confidently relate to the deity, while at the same time preserving God’s absolute transcendence and apophatic otherness.
Pathogens and their resistance behavior in necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Brébant Vanessa , Eschenbacher Elisabeth , Hitzenbichler Florian , Pemmerl Sylvia , Prantl Lukas , Pawlik Michael
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but life-threatening condition in which extensive soft tissue destruction can occur very quickly if left untreated. Therefore, timely broad-spectrum antibiotic administration is of prognostic importance in addition to radical surgical debridement. AIM: This study evaluates the cases of NF in our hospital during the last ten years retrospectively with respect to the pathogens involved and their antimicrobial resistance. This approach aims to provide guidance regarding the most targeted initial antibiotic therapy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective microbiological study evaluating pathogen detection and resistance patterns including susceptibility testing of 42 patients with NF. RESULTS: Type 1 NF (polymicrobial infection) occurred in 45% of the patients; 31% presented type 2 NF (monomicrobial infection). The most common pathogens detected were E. coli, staphylococci such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis, enterococci, and streptococci such as Streptococcus pyogenes. Twelve percent presented an additional fungus infection (type 4). Ten percent showed no cultivation. Two percent (one patient) presented cocci without specification. CONCLUSION: Most pathogens were sensitive to antibiotics recommended by guidelines. This confirms the targeting accuracy of the guidelines. Further studies are necessary to identify risk factors associated with multidrug resistant infections requiring early vancomycin/meropenem administration.
Association of Adipokines with Alzheimer’s Disease in a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Liu Cheng-Chun , Wang Qing-Hua , Xin Jia-Yan , Liu Yu-Hao , Zeng Fan , Chen Dong-Wan , Li Hui-Yun , Yi Xu , Zeng Gui-Hua , Wang Yan-Jiang , Xiang Yang , Chen Yang
Published: October 2023

Background: The correlation between plasma adipose factor levels and Alzheimer’s patients is not entirely clear. Objective: We aimed to investigate associations between AD and plasma levels of three adipokines including plasma adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. Methods: A single-center, cross-sectional study recruited AD patients (n = 148) and cognitively normal (CN) controls (n = 110). The multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine associations of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin with the presence of AD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to determine the diagnostic power of adiponectin, leptin and resistin for AD. Results: After adjusted for the conventional risk factors, plasma levels of leptin (OR = 0.417, 95% CI: 0.272-0.638, p < 0.0001) and adiponectin (OR = 1.249, 95% CI: 1.151-1.354, p < 0.0001) were associated with the presence of AD. In total participants, the plasma adiponectin level was negatively correlated with MMSE scores (p < 0.0001) and was positively with CDR scores (p < 0.0001) and age (p < 0.0001). The plasma level of leptin was negatively correlated with CDR scores (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with MMSE scores (p < 0.0001). Both adiponectin (p < 0. 0001) and leptin (p < 0. 0001) featured higher AUC than the random chance. Conclusions: Plasma adiponectin and leptin were associated with the presence, symptomatic severity, and diagnostic power of AD, suggesting a potential role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of AD.
Applications of Nanoparticles in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liu Yiming , Shen Yong
Published: October 2023

With the rapid aging of the global population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has become a significant concern, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) being the most common. However, the clinical trials of many drugs targeting AD have failed due to the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which makes intracerebral administration of drugs difficult. However, nanoparticles (NPs) may aid in the delivery of such drugs. NPs are materials with sizes between 1–100 nm that offer several advantages, such as improving biocompatibility, prolonging half-life, transporting large molecules, crossing the BBB to deliver to the central nervous system, and exhibiting good targeting ability. In addition to drug delivery, NPs also have excellent diagnostic potential, and multifunctional NPs can integrate the advantages of diagnosis, targeting, and treatment. This mini-review article provides an overview of NPs, including the composition of the carrier, strategies for crossing the BBB, and different targets of AD pathology, with the aim of providing guidance for the development prospects of NPs.
Research on tile surface defect detection by improved YOLOv5
Authors: Yu Xulong , Yu Qiancheng , Zhang Yue , Wang Aoqiang , Wang Jinyun
Published: October 2023

Traditional methods for detecting surface defects on ceramic tiles result in misdetection and missed detection, which makes it difficult to guarantee product stability and consistency within the same batch. Therefore, this article proposes an improved YOLOv5 algorithm for detecting surface defects on ceramic tiles. Firstly, the Res2Net module is combined with self-attention to fully utilize local and global information and improve the feature extraction effect of defects. Secondly, the GS-BiFPN neck network is designed to enhance the fusion capability of shallow detail and deep semantic information and alleviate ambiguity and redundancy on the feature map. Then, a lightweight attention module is introduced to improve the detection capability of difficult-to-recognize defects and anti-background interference. Finally, the SIoU loss function improves the model’s convergence speed and accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm’s mean average precision (mAP) reaches 73.3%, 6.3% higher than the baseline model. Even when compared with YOLOv7-tiny, the mAP of the improved algorithm has increased by 8.7%. Additionally, the detection speed of the model can reach 92 frames per second, which can meet the requirements of ceramic tile surface defect detection in industrial scenarios.
A comprehensive review on trust management approaches in fog computing
Authors: Karthikeyan P. , Brindha K.
Published: October 2023

Decentralised fog computing can provide real-time interaction, minimize latency, heterogeneity, and provide networking services between edge devices and cloud data centers. One of the biggest challenges in the fog layer network is finding a trustworthy fog node. Trust management encompasses the process of being trustworthy and the act of assessing the reliability of other nodes. It is essential to carry out a comprehensive review using a systematic approach in this field to advance our understanding, address emerging challenges, and foster secure and efficient trust management practices. This research paper considers a comprehensive analysis of high-quality fog computing trust management literature from 2018 to 2022. A variety of distinct approaches have been chosen by fog computing-based trust management and these techniques are classified into three categories: algorithms, challenges, and limitations. Further, it reviews the various trust attacks in fog environments, details the solutions proposed in the current literature, and concludes with a discussion of the open challenges and potential future research directions in fog computing.
A novel enhanced flow regime algorithm using opposition-based learning
Authors: Lv Zhaoming
Published: October 2023

Metaheuristics are widely used in science and industry because it as a high-level heuristic technique can provide robust or advanced solutions compared to classical search algorithms. Flow Regime Algorithm is a novel physics-based optimization approach recently proposed, and it is one of the candidate algorithms for solving complex optimization problems because of its few parameter configurations, simple coding, and good performance. However, the population that initialized randomly may have poor diversity issues, resulting in insufficient global search, and premature convergence to local optimum. To solve this problem, in this paper, a novel enhanced Flow Regime Algorithm based on opposition learning scheme is proposed. The proposed algorithm introduces the opposition-based learning strategy into the generation of some populations to enhance the global search performance while maintaining a fast convergence rate. In order to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, 23 benchmark numerical optimization functions were studied experimentally in detail and compared with six well-known algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms all other metaheuristic algorithms in all unimodal functions with higher accuracy, and can obtain competitive results on more multimodal cases. A statistical comparison shows that the proposed algorithm has superiority. Finally, that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher quality alignment compared to most other metaheuristic-based systems and OAEI ontology alignment systems.
Overnight Distribution of REM Sleep Features in People with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Non-PD Controls
Authors: Dagay Andrew , Oz Shani , Katzav Shlomit , Wasserman Danielle , Tauman Riva , Thaler Avner , Giladi Nir , Mirelman Anat
Published: October 2023

Background:

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a leading predictor of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Diagnosis is performed in the sleep laboratory by detecting pathological REM sleep without atonia (RSWA). The evidence on the overnight distribution of RSWA% is conflicting.

Objective:

To investigate the temporal distribution of the number of ocular movements per REM sleep minute (REM density), and RSWA% in people with PD and non-PD controls.

Methods:

All participants underwent a single overnight evaluation in a sleep laboratory. Clinical evaluation was performed on a separate day. REM density and RSWA% were compared between PD and controls both across four sleep periods and individual REM cycles.

Results:

A total of 51 participants with recorded RSWA in polysomnography laboratory were included, 28 with PD aged 64±9 years with a disease duration of 3.3±2.9 years, and 23 controls aged 55±8 years. People with PD had lower REM density and higher RSWA% compared to controls. As expected, REM density was higher towards the morning. In contrast, RSWA% was equally distributed across the night, for both PD and controls.

Conclusions:

PD pathology affects REM sleep features, but not the overnight distribution of those features. While REM density increased towards the end of the night, RSWA% was equally distributed across the night for both PD and controls. Our findings have clinical implications for diagnosing RBD, as quantification of RSWA% in any sleep cycle is sufficient for reliably evaluating total RSWA% and reduced REM density may be a marker of PD.
Oculomotor screening and neuro-visual rehabilitation following pediatric brain tumor resection
Authors: Ertzgaard Per , Nyman Per , Jakobsson Maria , Johansson Jan
Published: October 2023

Visual difficulties are common after brain tumors, despite a lack of visual complaints at diagnosis. These include difficulties with eye movements, visual coordination, vergence, accommodation, and photophobia, in addition to more obvious problems such as visual field defects. This case report presents the results of a thorough neuro-visual evaluation in a boy with sequelae after a brain tumor including intermittent double vision that was not explained by routine visual examination. Subjective complaints included poor reading perseverance, intermittent blurred and double vision, headache around the eyes when performing near activities, less efficient eye movement behavior in reading tasks, and increased sensitivity to visual motion. The patient participated in a multidisciplinary visual rehabilitation program that included reading glasses with prism compensation and tinted glasses, as well as training with the aim of improving eye teaming, near vision functions, and perseverance in eye movements. The patient responded quickly to the vision therapy program, with positive changes after just four weeks. Repeated neuro-visual evaluations over eight months showed remarkable improvements that were stable over time. This encouraging case report supports the notion that neuro-visual evaluation and rehabilitation should be included in the follow-up of patients after brain tumors.
The effect of autologous plasminogen on the rate of healing of chronic skin ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus and the level of proteins - markers of hypoxia and angiogenesis
Authors: Badziukh Sergiy , Petrenko Oleg , Bezrodnyi Boris , Tykhomyrov Artem
Published: October 2023

chronic diabetic wounds are a complication of diabetes mellitus that develop as a result of the toxic effects of hyperglycemia, which leads to metabolic disorders with the development of immunosuppression, angiopathy, and neuropathy. A considerable amount of experimental data has been accumulated, which indicates that the participation of the plasminogen-plasmin system in wound healing is not only to clear wounds of fibrin clots, but also to fine-tune the activity of cells that ensure an adequate course of all stages of healing. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of autologous plasminogen on the rate of chronic wound healing in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. The study involved 45 patients with purulent necrotic form of diabetic foot. The efficacy of topical application of standard medications was compared with the application of autologous plasminogen. The wound area was measured once every two days until complete healing. To study the molecular mechanisms of plasminogen effect on wound healing, the level of marker proteins of key physiological processes associated with healing, namely hypoxia and angiogenesis, was determined.  The levels of protein regulators of angiogenesis (vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and angiostatins) in the skin tissue of wounds at the beginning and end of treatment with autologous plasminogen in patients with chronic diabetic wounds with neuropathic diabetic foot were evaluated. The levels of VEGF, HIF-1α and angiostatins were determined by Western blotting. We have found that wound tissue in patients with chronic diabetic wounds before treatment is characterized by a reduced level of VEGF, which represents the inability of these wounds to regenerate. At the same time, an increased level of HIF-1α and angiostatins is detected. After treatment with autologous plasminogen applications, a significant increase in VEGF expression was observed against the background of a progressive decrease in HIF-1α and angiostatin activity. The results indicate that increased production of angiogenic inhibitors may counteract angiogenesis and contribute to the failure of chronic wound healing. The use of plasminogen applications reduces the level of angiostatins in wound biopsies, which allowed to increase the level of proangiogenic factors. Treatment with plasminogen demonstrated an improvement in the condition of the wound surface and the transition of healing to the proliferative phase due to the initiation of the inflammatory process in wounds. The results of planimetric measurement of the wound area indicate a 5-fold reduction in the time required for complete wound healing in the group receiving plasminogen applications compared to this parameter in the comparison group.
Comparative evaluation of the results of antibiotic prophylaxis of early postoperative complications of transurethral resection of the prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Vlasyk Marharyta , Nikitin Oleg , Nasheda Serhiy , Samchuk Pavlo
Published: October 2023

in Ukraine in 2021, the incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was 321.6 per 100,000 population. Almost 17,000 operations on prostate gland have been performed, a significant proportion of which are transurethral resection (TURP). It has been proven that the most frequent early complications after surgical interventions on the prostate gland are the development of an acute inflammatory process in the genitourinary organs, bleeding from the area of there removed hyperplastic tissue of the prostate gland. Inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract in men are characterized by a variety of etiological agents, the presence of mixed infections, and the growing importance of pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases. To improve the results of TURP in patients with BPH complicated by acute urinary retention by optimizing antibacterial prophylaxis of postoperative complications in the early postoperative period. The study is based on the results of the analysis of surgical treatment of 179 patients with BPH complicated by acute urinary retention who underwent TURP. The age of the patients varied from 51 to 84 years, the average age was 64.9±5.1 years. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I – 85 operated patients who were prescribed ceftriaxone (1.0 parenterally once a day) in the early postoperative period; Group II – 94 patients, in the early postoperative period got levofloxacin (500 mg IV for 3-5 days with subsequent transition to oral administration, once a day). The analysis of the obtained data established that in the early postoperative period 43 (24.1%) patients had complications. The most frequent complication was long-term macrohematuria, which was observed in 23 (12.9%) patients. Exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis occurred in 13 (7.3%) operated patients, acute urethritis developed in 7 (3.9%) patients, acute orchiepididymitis was observed in 9 (5.0%) patients. The over all frequency of complications in patients with BPH who received levofloxacin in the early postoperative period was statistically significantly lower than in patients who were prescribed ceftriaxone. In particular, the use of levofloxacin in patients of the II group, with the aim of antibiotic prophylaxis of postoperative complications after TURP, made it possible to reduce the frequency of the latter by 60% (1.6 times), in relation to the patients of the I group. The use of levofloxacin for the prevention of early postoperative complications after TURP inpatients with BPH complicated by acute urinary retention improves the results of surgical treatment by reducing the frequency of complications in the postoperative period by 60%.
Dynamics of intestinal permeability indicators in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in combination with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Pavlovskyi Leonid , Chernyavskyi Volodymyr , Tyshchenko Victoria , Gvozdetska Lesya
Published: October 2023

it is known that increased permeability of the intestinal wall affects the course and progression of fatty liver disease more often in patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) than in healthy individuals. In this regard, the aim of our work was to investigate the effect of probiotics and an intestinal antibiotic - rifaximin on the total level of zonulin, occludin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the lactulose-mannitol ratio in patients with MAFLD in combination with type 2 diabetes. The study involved 60 patients with MAFLD in combination with type 2 diabetes, who were divided into two groups. Patients in both groups were treated with metformin at a dose of 500 mg 2 times a day and a hypocaloric diet with a daily deficit of 400-500 kcal in combination with 30-minute walking 5 times a week. In addition, the patients of the second group additionally took a combined synbiotic (S.boulardii, L.acidophilus, L.rhamnosus, inulin) 1 capsule 2 times a day for 3 months and rifaximin 200 mg 2 tablets 3 times a day for 14 days. The control group included 20 healthy volunteers. Using the ELISA method, the total level of zonulin, occludin and IL-6 in the plasma of both groups was determined before and 3 months after treatment. The level of intestinal permeability was studied using the lactulose-mannitol test. The levels of zonulin, occludin, IL-6, and lactulose-mannitol ratio were significantly increased in patients with MAFLD combined with type 2 DM compared to the control group (p < 0.001). In patients who took probiotics and rifaximin, the levels of zonulin, occludin, IL-6, and lactulose-mannitol ratio were significantly reduced compared to patients who did not take them (p < 0.001). The effectiveness of probiotic therapy and rifaximin in improving the state of intestinal epithelial permeability has been confirmed in patients with MAFLD in combination with type 2 diabetes.
Modern diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Bardychevskyi Dmytro , Yuzvenko Violetta , Tovkai Oleksandr
Published: October 2023

thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine glands, accounting for 1% of all cases of malignant neoplasms. According to the National Cancer Registry, 24,626 patients with thyroid cancer were identified in Ukraine for the period from 2014 to 2021, of which 4,556 were men (18.5%) and 20,070 were women (81.5%). Treatment of papillary thyroid cancer combines three methods: surgery, the use of radioiodine therapy, and hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine drugs. The aim of this work, based on the example of a clinical case, was to analyze the patient's route, methods of diagnosis, and treatment of a thyroid neoplasm in accordance with current guidelines and recommendations. This clinical case highlights the importance of early diagnosis of TG diseases, namely papillary thyroid cancer. The patient turned to the clinic of the Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Center for Endocrine Surgery, Transplantation of Endocrine Organs and Tissues of MoH of Ukraine with complaints of an increase in the front surface of the neck and deterioration of the general condition for a long time. After analyzing the complaints, the patient was sent for a comprehensive examination, where an ultrasound of the TG revealed a mass, cytological examination confirmed a thyroid papillary cancer, grade 6. After undergoing preparation, the patient was referred for surgical intervention, namely extrafascial thyroidectomy. Combined treatment was carried out (operative intervention and treatment with the drug I131), and a suppressive dose of levothyroxine was prescribed, followed by dose correction and dynamic supervision by an endocrinologist. The described clinical case testifies to the high quality of diagnosis and treatment of a patient with thyroid papillary cancer in the conditions of a highly specialized endocrinological center. This approach fully meets the international requirements for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Despite the difficult epidemiological situation in Ukraine and the state of war, the patient was promptly referred to the Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Center for Endocrine Surgery, Transplantation of Endocrine Organs and Tissues, where she received the necessary assistance in full.
Searching for nontrivial zeros in finite field carrying geometric metric ratios
Authors: Frederick Onwuka , Bhattacharjee Deep
Published: October 2023

With much emphasis on how to solve one of the toughest mathematical problems in field of prime number theory. There is a need to find a good coherent solution that gives much understanding into how to better unravel and solve the Riemann Hypothesis in the best way.
Unification of the MWI formalism and Bohmian mechanics for the ensembles of event universes in Minkowski-like space
Authors: Shor Oded , Benninger Felix , Khrennikov Andrei
Published: October 2023

Diversity of interpretations of quantum mechanics is often considered as a sign of foundational crisis. In this note we proceed towards unification the relational quantum mechanics of Rovelli, Bohmian mechanics, and many worlds interpretation on the basis so called _Dendrogramic Holographic Theory_ (DHT). DHT is based on the representation of observed events by dendrograms (finite trees) presenting observers subjective image of universe. Dendrograms encode the relational hierarchy between events, in applications they are generated by clustering algorithms; an algorithm with the branching index p >1 generate p-adic trees. The infinite p-adic tree represents the ontic event universe. We consider an ensemble of observers performing observations on each other and representing them by p-adic trees. In such “observers universe” we introduce a kind of Minkowski space structure, which is statistical by its nature. This model unites the observer/system discrepancy. Measurements are performed by observers on observers. Such “observers universe” is dynamically changing and is background independent since the space itself is emergent. And within this model, we unify the aforementioned interpretations.
Efectos de la implementación de talleres deportivos escolares sobre la capacidad físico funcional en jóvenes de enseñanza media
Authors: Jeldres Perez Patricio
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: el presente estudio tiene el objetivo de evidenciar los efectos que provocan los talleres deportivos escolares (TDE) en los jóvenes de enseñanza media, valorado a través de la flexibilidad de tronco, fuerza del tren inferior y capacidad aeróbica. Metodología: Estudio de tipo cuasi experimental longitudinal comparativo. La muestra incluyó 65 estudiantes del complejo educacional Javiera Carrera de Temuco, divididos en dos grupos: uno de control (GC), con 34 alumnos; y otro experimental (GEX), con 31 alumnos. Los estudiantes del primer grupo no participaron de los talleres; los jóvenes del segundo grupo participaron activamente de ellos. La primera evaluación se realizó en el mes de mayo del 2022, luego los talleres comenzaron su ejecución con una frecuencia de dos sesiones por semana. La segunda evaluación se realizó en el mes de noviembre. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron que no existe una diferencia significativa (p > 0.05) entre las variables evaluadas en los estudiantes que participaron y los que no lo hicieron de los TDE. Conclusión: Se puede estimar que la realización de los TDE no son lo suficientemente significativos para lograr beneficios físico-funcionales en jóvenes de enseñanza media. Sin embargo, la arista motivacional por continuar o adoptar una actividad de forma permanente no fue evaluada; se recomienda para futuros estudios.
Digitalization of Management: Current Issues in the Theory and Practice
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Hrinka Tetyana
Published: October 2023

The importance and role of digitalization of management in modern conditions are substantiated. It is emphasized that the processes of digitalization of management determine the specificity of digital transformation of management. It is summarized that large-scale technological changes also lead to changes in business conditions, complicate management tasks, and change the nature and boundaries of management processes. The current problems of digital transformation of management in Ukraine are identified: overestimation of the role of automation; possibility of loss or insufficient growth of profits; inability to implement digitalization in certain areas; technological unemployment; established disproportion between demand for highly qualified professionals and insufficient preparation by educational institutions; absence of necessary common standards, technical regulations, and relevant legislative norms regulating relationships between participants in the field of digital technologies; insufficient level of protection of digital technologies from unlawful encroachment. It is argued that the main problems of digitalization of management lie in the development of digital competencies of responsible individuals, which require solutions. Research of modern realities, problematic fields, and trends in the development of digitalization of management has made it possible to identify priority directions for solving the mentioned problems: formation of a new digital culture and new digital thinking; ensuring continuous development of professional digital competencies at all levels of management; providing legal regulation on issues of forming state policy in the field of developing digital skills and competencies; creating indicators for monitoring the state of development of digital skills and competencies (developing a methodology for conducting such studies, forecasting the needs of employers in certain digital skills of employees in key professional groups).
The Impact of Industry-specific Characteristics of Agribusiness on the Digitalization of Accounting
Authors:   van Franko National University of Lviv, Dmytro Minaiev
Published: October 2023

The agricultural sector of the economy is characterized by unique features that are determined by both internal and external conditions of agribusiness. These specific characteristics identify and differentiate agribusiness from other sectors of the economy. The industry-specific characteristics of agribusiness have an impact on accounting, which serves as the primary information generator in the management of agricultural enterprises. The need to explore the prospects of optimizing accounting in the presence of industry-specific characteristics of the agricultural sector highlights the topic of the article and allows for the formulation of its objective. The objective of the article is to identify the industry-specific characteristics of agribusiness and examine their influence on the improvement and digitalization of accounting methodology and organization. The article substantiates the importance of studying the impact of industry-specific characteristics of agribusiness on the organization and methodology of accounting. The main industry-specific characteristics of agribusiness are identified and studied, which need to be considered when improving accounting in agricultural enterprises: "Land as a unique factor of agribusiness," "Distance in agribusiness," "Biological transformations," "Seasonality of agribusiness," "Dependency on natural conditions," "Decentralization," "Integration," "Variability of agrotechnics," "Cyclical operational expenses and revenues," "Multiple cost objects for calculations," and "Management of agricultural resources." The importance of stratifying and classifying the industry-specific characteristics of agribusiness based on criteria such as the degree of control (exogenous, endogenous), human factor involvement (natural, anthropogenic), importance (important, less important), and technological nature (technological, non-technological) is demonstrated. This systematic classification allows for the maximum adaptation of the methodology and organization of accounting in agribusiness to the internal and external conditions of the agricultural sphere during the emergence of the digital economy. It is determined that all industry prerequisites of agribusiness should be attributed to technological consequences of the impact of the digital economy on the digitalization of all accounting processes in agricultural enterprises.
Assessment of the Activity of Banking Institutions Under Martial Law as a Component of the Banking Control System
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Magopets Оlena , Kulish Olena ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of activity and peculiarities of the functioning of banking institutions of Ukraine under martial law and to determine the place and role of such an assessment in the system of monitoring the activity of banking institutions. The authors provide an approach to understanding the essence of the banking control system. The authors understand the banking control system as a set of rules, procedures, legislative regulations and institutions that provide supervision, regulation and assessment of banks' activities. The place and role of assessment of banking institutions' activity in the control system is substantiated. In order to evaluate the activity of banking institutions in the conditions of martial law, the peculiarities of the functioning of the banking system of Ukraine were revealed, its components, participants (National Bank of Ukraine, commercial banks, non-banking financial institutions, stock exchange, clients) were determined and their characteristics were provided. The consequences for the banking system caused by the war and the changes that the war led to are substantiated: bank closures, loss of assets, reduced trust in banking institutions, increased risk, change in business priorities and work in difficult conditions, restructuring and support. The trends of changes in the main indicators in terms of which the activity of banking institutions was evaluated were clarified, namely: the number of operating banking institutions, the profitability of assets and capital of banks, the amount of net assets of banks according to the profitability of capital, the share of non-performing loans in the portfolios of banks, the amount of total assets of Ukrainian commercial enterprises banks, and reasonably obtained results. It has been established that to date, banking institutions have managed to adapt to work under martial law. Despite the decrease in the number of commercial banks, indicators of profitability of assets and capital of the banking sector are gradually increasing, there is a sufficient level of capitalization and liquidity, an active credit policy is being pursued, and indicators of funding from the population and business are increasing. Currently, banking institutions effectively perform their functions and support the efficiency of the national economy. The main tools, the use of which will help ensure the further stable functioning of the banking system in modern conditions, have been identified. Such instruments are: financial support of banking institutions from the Government; regulatory measures of the National Bank of Ukraine aimed at ensuring the stability of the banking system; effective communication between banks, regulatory authorities, clients and the public; measures to stimulate the economy; regular monitoring and control of the state of the banking system.
Minimalistic System of Characteristics of Non-linear Baseband Pulse Devices and Its Measurement
Authors: Nazarov M. A. , Semyonov E. V.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The general system of parameters, including compression points and intersection points of various harmonics, is unsuitable for devices operating under the influence of baseband pulses (for example, before the modulator in the transmitter, after the demodulator in the receiver). Previously, the authors have developed simple models in the form of nonlinear recursive filters, which give a satisfactory error in describing the response of a wide class of baseband pulse circuits. The system of nonlinear functions of such models can be considered as a new system of characteristics of nonlinear-dynamical baseband impulse circuits, for which it is necessary to develop a method that ensures their measurement with an acceptable error. In the general formulation, this problem is rather challenging; therefore, this article considers only a first-order nonlinear recursive filter. However, the obtained result gives satisfactory results for devices without flat top transient overshoot.

Aim. To consider a method for measuring the characteristics of nonlinear-dynamical baseband impulse devices without overshoot on the flat top of the transient response.

Materials and methods. The considered recursive filter is represented by an equivalent circuit consist of nonlinear resistive and capacitive elements. Therefore, the task is reduced to measuring their current-voltage characteristics (IV) and charge-voltage characteristics (CVC). IV characteristics are measured at the flat tops of the transient characteristics of the device. Having a certain IV, we obtain the opportunity to calculate the current (and then the charge) of the capacitive element. The experimental study was carried out on the example of a three-stage amplifier with an aperiodic transient response.

Results. The transient characteristics of the filter are approximated by the model with an accuracy of no worse than 3.2 %.

Conclusion. The considered system of functions can be obtained with a definable error that satisfactory for practice, which allows it to be considered as a new system of parameters for nonlinear baseband pulse devices.
Noise Generators (A Review)
Authors: Vinokurov S. A. , Kochemasov V. N. , Safin A. R.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. At present, noise generators (noise signal generators) have a wide range of applications. For example, such devices can be used as sources of fluctuating interference when studying the limiting sensitivity of radio receivers and amplifying devices, as signal simulators of multi-channel communication equipment, as tools for measuring non-linear distortions and frequency characteristics of radio devices using spectrum analyzers with a constant bandwidth.

Aim. Review of scientific achievements in the development of noise generators and their applications.

Materials and methods. The material for analysis was collected using databases of scientific publications, online resources, and websites of noise generator manufacturers. The research spanned the timeframe of 60 years.

Results. Various noise generators and their characteristics, currently available on the radio equipment market, are described. The analysis of their main technical characteristics is carried out; examples of their practical application are indicated.

Conclusion. Noise signal generators are widely used in scientific research and are currently produced mainly by foreign companies. Domestic companies are poorly represented in this market, with little published information available. However, positive developments in this direction have recently been observed. Domestic manufacturers are launching R&D programs to develop noise signal generators, which could reduce dependence on imported products in the future
A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slotted Antenna
Authors: Koshkid’ko V. G. , Galtsov Ya. O. , Portnykh D. A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Slotted waveguide antenna arrays are widely used across centimeter- and millimeter-wavelength ranges due to numerous advantages, including their good directional properties, compact dimensions, flat shape, convenience of power supply, and high efficiency. At the same time, the current trend toward miniaturization of electronic devices and their integration requires new solutions, such as the development of devices based on wave-guides integrated into the substrate (Substrate Integrated Waveguide – SIW).

Aim. To simulate a SIW-based slotted antenna with characteristics similar to those of a conventional antenna array based on a hollow metal waveguide.

Materials and methods. The Ansys HFSS software was used to simulate the structure under study and to carry out electro-magnetic modeling and analysis of its directional properties. The energy method was used to determine the coordinates of longitudinal slots on the wide wall of the SIW waveguide. Macros were developed in the Visual Basic Scripting Edition language to automate routine operations for creating and deleting objects of the same type when constructing a model. The Arlon AD300C microwave material was used to manufacture a printed version of the SIW waveguide.

Results. The process of developing a SIW slotted antenna was carried out in the following stages: construction of a reference model based on a hollow metal waveguide followed by creating a transition model based on a waveguide completely filled with a dielectric and the final SIW-based model. At each stage, the radiation pattern was monitored to obtain the directional properties of the SIW slotted antenna with characteristics identical to those of an antenna based on the reference hollow metal waveguide.

Conclusion. A SIW slotted antenna with the required characteristics was simulated and tested in the Ansys HFSS environment. Such an antenna employs one of the main advantages of the SIW technology, i.e., the possibility of integrating all components on a single substrate, including antenna arrays, passive components, and active elements. This approach provides the basis for reducing the size of microwave devices and their miniaturization.
Evaluation of Dimensional Characteristics of Conductive Pattern Elements of 3D-Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Smirnova O. N. , Aleksandrov A. A. , Bobrova Yu. S. , Moiseev K. M.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. A review of foreign publications on 3D printing methods shows the possibility of their application for the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), while demonstrating the growth of interest in this field. One of the available methods is fused deposition modeling, which can be used to form substrates with channels for traces. At present, the minimum channel width comprises 100 µm, which corresponds to the 5th class of PCB accuracy. However, there is no data on how to obtain such dimensions or on the magnitude of their deviation from the given nominal values.

Aim. To determine the influence of such factors as nozzle diameter and the number of contours on the dimensional characteristics of PCBs (linear dimensions; trace channel width; trace spacing; via diameters).

Materials and methods. To obtain linear models, a full factorial experiment was carried out. The influence of the following materials was evaluated – polylactide (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and glass-filled ABS; slicers – Ultimaker Cura and PrusaSlicer; 3D printers – Picaso 3D Designer Classic 2016 and Hercules Strong 2017; brass nozzle with diameters ∅0.2 and ∅0.4 mm. The possibility of using brass nozzles coated with chemical nickel for printing with glass-filled filaments was considered. The study was conducted using the facilities of the "Center for Additive Technologies" of Bauman Moscow State Technical University.

Results. The possibility of manufacturing PCBs up to the 2nd and 3rd accuracy classes using nozzles with a diameter of ∅0.4 and ∅0.2 mm, respectively, was shown. It was found that galvanic deposition of chemical nickel on a ∅0.2 mm brass nozzle makes it possible to increase the PCB wearability when printing with glass-filled filaments. Recommendations are proposed for selecting an optimal combination of nozzle diameter and the number of contours.

Conclusion. The conducted analysis of mathematical models shows the significance of such parameters as nozzle diameter and the number of contours. The results can be used when creating new PCB layouts
Simulation of Spatial Polarization Characteristics of a Triorthogonal Antenna Element for the Tasks of HF Band Bearing
Authors: Gribov G. S.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Achieving improved accuracy and sensitivity of the direction finding of radio signals represents a relevant research direction in the field of modern HF radio monitoring. HF radio waves propagate through ionospheric layers, which distorts the polarization parameters of the passing electromagnetic wave (EMW). One possible approach to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the direction finding of HF radio signals consists in the use of an antenna element capable of accepting both components of the electromagnetic field in the antenna array.

Aim. A comparative analysis of the proposed triorthogonal antenna element with existing solutions for the tasks of HF band bearing.

Materials and methods. Antenna elements and their spatial polarization characteristics were simulated in the MATLAB environment using the Phased Array toolbox.

Results. The spatial polarization characteristics of the triorthogonal antenna under study were constructed and compared with an asymmetric vertical vibrator and a biorthogonal antenna. The comparison showed that at small elevation angles, the triorthogonal antenna ensures an energy gain of up to 4.5 dB compared to a biorthogonal antenna and an asymmetric vertical vibrator. At elevation angles of 30…60° and over 60°, the increase in the quality of a signal received by the triorthogonal antenna element reaches 3 dB and 2 dB, respectively.

Conclusion. According to the obtained spatial polarization characteristics, the triorthogonal antenna under study can be part of a large-base antenna array of the HF band. The use of this antenna will increase the accuracy and sensitivity of direction finding by means of matching the antenna element with the EMW polarization
Factors of global inflation in 2021–2022
Authors: Goryunov Eugene L. , Drobyshevsky Sergey M. , Kudrin Alexey L. , Trunin Pavel V.
Published: October 2023

The paper examines the factors of global inflation acceleration in 2021–2022. We consider primarily the developed economies, where rates of inflation over the last two years have exceeded multi-year highs and have significantly exceeded target levels. We find that the cause of accelerating inflation was an imbalance between aggregate demand, which started to increase rapidly in the second half of 2020 as economies began to adapt to the circumstances of the pandemic, and aggregate supply, which encountered persistent constraints associated with interruptions in global supply chains. Significant support for demand was provided by fiscal stimulus that was unprecedented in scale and was accompanied by policy interest rates reaching extremely low levels, and by active injections of liquidity by central banks. The willingness of governments to implement ultra-expansionary monetary and fiscal policies can to a considerable degree be attributed to the fact that during the previous decade large budget deficits, zero interest rates, and programs of quantitative easing had not resulted in macroeconomic destabilization. We examine the view of many central banks that the inflationary wave would not be long-lasting, which was a crucial reason for delaying the interest rates increase. We consider the conditions in which the leading economies might fall into the stagflation trap.