bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure analysis and identifying key founder inbred lines in diverse elite sub-tropical maize inbred lines
Authors: Gedil Melaku , Maazou Abdoul-Raouf Sayadi , Zebire Degife A. , Garcia-Oliveira Ana Luísa , Unachukwu Nnanna , Petroli César , Hearne Sarah , Everett Leslie A. , Kim Soon-Kwon , Menkir Abebe
Published: July 2023

Understanding the genetic relationships between the key founder inbred lines and derived inbred lines could provide insight into the breeding history and the structure of genetic diversity of the available elite inbred lines with desirable target traits. The maize improvement program at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) analyzed the pedigree information of 623 sub-tropical maize inbred lines generated at the IITA maize breeding program to identify the key founder inbred lines. We also used 5032 SNP markers to assess the genetic similarities of the founder inbred lines with their progenies subsequently developed for specific target traits. The results of pedigree analysis and SNP markers-based similarity scores identified 20 key founder inbred lines with significant contributions to the development of drought tolerant, early maturing, productive, Striga resistant, provitamin A enriched, and quality protein maize inbred lines. In our breeding program, line TZMi501 belonging to a flint heterotic group (HGA), and TZMi407-S and TZMi214, representing the dent heterotic group (HGB), were identified as the most useful founder inbred lines. The 623 inbred lines were consistently separated into four clusters based on Ward’s hierarchical clustering, structure, and principal component analyses, with the 20 founder inbred lines spread into all clusters. The founder inbred lines were more genetically related to the productive inbred lines but showed genetic divergence from the provitamin A enriched inbred lines. These results provide a better understanding of the breeding history of the sub-tropical maize inbred lines to facilitate parental selection aligned to existing heterotic groups for use in breeding programs targeting the improvement of essential traits in maize.
EHD1-dependent traffic of IGF-1 receptor to the cell surface is essential for Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis and metastasis
Authors: Chakraborty Sukanya , Bhat Aaqib M. , Mushtaq Insha , Luan Haitao , Kalluchi Achyuth , Mirza Sameer , Storck Matthew D. , Chaturvedi Nagendra , Lopez-Guerrero Jose Antonio , Llombart-Bosch Antonio , Machado Isidro , Scotlandi Katia , Meza Jane L. , Ghosal Gargi , Coulter Donald W. , Jordan Rowley M. , Band Vimla , Mohapatra Bhopal C. , Band Hamid
Published: July 2023

Overexpression of the EPS15 Homology Domain containing 1 (EHD1) protein has been linked to tumorigenesis but whether its core function as a regulator of intracellular traffic of cell surface receptors plays a role in oncogenesis remains unknown. We establish that EHD1 is overexpressed in Ewing sarcoma (EWS), with high EHD1 mRNA expression specifying shorter patient survival. ShRNA-knockdown and CRISPR-knockout with mouseEhd1rescue established a requirement of EHD1 for tumorigenesis and metastasis. RTK antibody arrays identified IGF-1R as a target of EHD1 regulation in EWS. Mechanistically, we demonstrate a requirement of EHD1 for endocytic recycling and Golgi to plasma membrane traffic of IGF-1R to maintain its surface expression and downstream signaling. Conversely, EHD1 overexpression-dependent exaggerated oncogenic traits require IGF-1R expression and kinase activity. Our findings define the RTK traffic regulation as a proximal mechanism of EHD1 overexpression-dependent oncogenesis that impinges on IGF-1R in EWS, supporting the potential of IGF-1R and EHD1 co-targeting.
A dive into the bath: embedded 3D bioprinting of freeform in vitro models
Authors: Öztürk-Öncel M. Özgen , Leal-Martínez Baltazar Hiram , Monteiro Rosa F. , Gomes Manuela E. , Domingues Rui M. A.
Published: July 2023

This minireview highlights recent advances on the application of embedded 3D bioprinting concepts for the fabrication of in vitro models.
Mechanistic understanding of the interfacial properties of metal–PtSe2 contacts
Authors: Qi Liujian , Che Mengqi , Liu Mingxiu , Wang Bin , Zhang Nan , Zou Yuting , Sun Xiaojuan , Shi Zhiming , Li Dabing , Li Shaojuan
Published: July 2023

Strong interfacial interactions in metal–PtSe2 contacts lead to a significant interfacial dipole and FLP effect which can be effectively weakened by introducing a buffer layer, providing useful guidelines for designing high-performance 2D electronics.
Native lignin extraction from soft- and hardwood by green and benign sub/supercritical fluid extraction methodologies
Authors: Nardella Federica , Prothmann Jens , Sandahl Margareta , Spégel Peter , Ribechini Erika , Turner Charlotta
Published: July 2023

A mild and green extraction method enabling recovery of native lignin from wood chips using sub/supercritical carbon dioxide mixed with water-modified ethanol, acetone or ethyl lactate as solvent.
Fabrication of 1-octane sulphonic acid modified nanoporous graphene with tuned hydrophilicity for decontamination of industrial wastewater from organic and inorganic contaminants
Authors: Mallah Shahbaz Ali , Shaikh Huma , Memon Najma , Qazi Sehrish
Published: July 2023

The fabricated graphene oxide-based composite (GOBC) can act as a universal adsorbent for the removal of maximum number of contaminants from different industrial effluents.
Novel hydrophilic bistriazolyl-phenanthroline ligands with improved solubility and performance in An/Ln separations
Authors: Wan Yong Qiang , Hao Huaixin , Yu Lu , Wang Zhi Peng , Mocilac Pavle
Published: July 2023

Novel BTrzPhen ligands were developed and found to be more soluble in aqueous media with improved selectivity for minor actinides.
Solvatomorphism and first-time observation of acid–acid catemer in 4-phenylamino-benzoic acids
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Cui Jingliang , Zeng Qun , Fang Liwen , Liang Peng-Yu , Zhou Pan-Pan , Parkin Sean , Li Tonglei , Ruan Shigang , Long Sihui
Published: July 2023

A series of 4-phenylamino-benzoic acids (1–8) varying in the substitution position and pattern were synthesized, and their polymorphism was investigated. The rare acid–acid catemer motif was observed for the first time in the crystal structure of one of the compounds.
Accessing complex reconstructed material structures with hybrid global optimization acceleratedviaon-the-fly machine learning
Authors: Shi Xiangcheng , Cheng Dongfang , Zhao Ran , Zhang Gong , Wu Shican , Zhen Shiyu , Zhao Zhi-Jian , Gong Jinlong
Published: July 2023

This paper describes a multi-tribe hybrid evolutionary algorithm that combines differential evolution and genetic algorithms for surface structural optimization accelerated by an on-the-fly machine learning calculator.
High open-circuit voltage in lead sulfide quantum dot solar cells via solution-phase ligand exchange with low electron affinity cadmium halides
Authors: Dambhare Neha V. , Biswas Arindam , Sharma Anjali , Shinde Dipak Dattatray , Mahajan Chandan , Mitra Anurag , Rath Arup K.
Published: July 2023

A solution-phase ligand exchange strategy is developed for cadmium halide ligands to passivate PbS quantum dots. The cadmium halide passivation curtails bandtail and trap states to achieve a record 0.7 V open circuit voltage in solar cells.
Antiferromagnetic spin-1 large-D phase in organic spin-chain crystals
Authors: Li Zhihao , Wang Yihao , Han Yuyan , Song Meng , Song Jiangpeng , Li Junbo , Qin Yongliang , Ling Langsheng , Tong Wei , Guo Yuxian , Du Zan , Zhang Lei , Zhang Wenhua , Xiong Yimin , Cao Liang
Published: July 2023

This work experimentally demonstrates that the β-phase iron(ii) phthalocyanine (β-FePc) single crystal is a new antiferromagnetic spin-1 large-D phase material, expanding the scope of low-dimensional magnetism research in organic molecular crystals.
Assessing alkyl side chain effects on electron transport properties of Y6-derived non-fullerene acceptors
Authors: Padula Daniele , Landi Alessandro , Prampolini Giacomo
Published: July 2023

The effect of alkyl side chains on the electron transport properties of non-fullerene acceptors is assessed, concluding that the main influence is on crystal packing rather than on dynamic disorder.
Zentralvenöse Hämodialysekatheter
Authors: Lohmann Dario , Eikelmann Matthias
Published: July 2023

Die Anlage von zentralvenösen Hämodialysekathetern (permanent oder temporär) ist in vielen Dialysezentren mit Anbindung an eine Klinik in Deutschland Alltag und seit Langem etablierter Standard. In der Literatur sind in den letzten Jahren verschiedene Probleme sowie teils letale Komplikationen ausführlich beschrieben worden. Während der Prozedur, jedoch allerspätestens im Anschluss an eine erfolgte Katheteranlage muss stets eine Lagekontrolle durchgeführt werden, um Katheterfehllagen sowie eventuell durch die Prozedur der Anlage entstandene Komplikationen wie beispielsweise einen Pneumothorax sicher auszuschließen zu können. Fehllagen zentralvenöser Katheter – definiert als arterielle, atriale, extravasale oder venöse Positionierung außerhalb der Vena cava superior – treten mit einer Häufigkeit von etwa 6,8 % auf 1. Im Folgenden möchten wir gerne die gängigsten Möglichkeiten zur Lageevaluation vorstellen, die sich in der Praxis bewährt haben.
Hepatic Encephalopathy following Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement
Authors: Thornburg Bartley
Published: July 2023

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex condition that arises as a complication of chronic liver disease and portosystemic shunting. Its pathophysiology involves several factors, including impaired ammonia metabolism, portosystemic shunting, sarcopenia, and systemic inflammation. The symptoms of HE can vary significantly, with manifestations ranging from subclinical signs to a comatose state. The West Haven classification system is most commonly used to grade the severity of HE. There is a broad differential for the presenting symptomatology of HE and other causes of altered mental status must be excluded during the workup. HE is a well-known complication of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement. Even though newer stent designs help reduce the risk of HE with smaller diameter shunts, it is essential that patients are counseled regarding this potential risk prior to the procedure. Once a diagnosis of HE has been confirmed, the mainstay of therapy is lactulose and rifaximin. In cases where a patient has received a TIPS placement and continues to experience refractory HE despite medical therapy, it may be necessary to consider shunt reduction or closure.
The determinants of the use of process control mechanisms in FDI decisions in headquarters–subsidiary relationships
Authors: Lin Chun-Chien , Chiao Yu-Ching , Chang Tung-Lung , Chang Yu-Chen
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) motivations and technological resource commitment on headquarters’ employment of process control over subsidiaries, to better understand the process control mechanisms. Drawing on agency theory and the resource dependence perspective, a cross-sectional data model is developed among the 1541 Taiwanese manufacturing firms engaged in foreign investments, 1015 headquarters–subsidiary (HQ–Sub) relationships in China were selected from the database; in each of these relationships, the headquarters is located in Taiwan, while the subsidiary is located in China. Our findings reveal that the headquarters will use process control if the primary motivation for setting up a subsidiary in a host country is resource-seeking, but not use process control with market-seeking motivation. This control process relationship is enhanced/weakened/weakened by the headquarters’/subsidiaries’/partners’ technological resource commitment. Taiwanese multinational corporations (MNCs) from newly industrialized economies (NIEs) seeking to choose control mechanisms that fit their technological resources and FDI motivations in China are given guidelines. It adds to the use of control mechanisms with HQ-Sub literature. Both resource-seeking and market-seeking motivations shed light on technological resource commitment by various units of an MNC, to ward off information asymmetry.
Global online social response to a natural disaster and its influencing factors: a case study of Typhoon Haiyan
Authors: Shen Shi , Shi Ke , Huang Junwang , Cheng Changxiu , Zhao Min
Published: July 2023

The global public interest in a natural disaster event will help disaster-stricken areas obtain post-disaster international relief and assistance. However, knowledge gaps still exist in regard to global online social responses and their socioeconomic influencing factors. We used big social media data regarding the 2013 Super Typhoon Haiyan to explore global online social responses and to investigate the socioeconomic factors influencing this behavior based on the Geographical Detector (Geodetector) model and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The results show that global online social responses have little relation with geographical distance and follow the disaster’s development. In addition to the most response in the disaster-affected countries, Western countries and neighboring countries have more online social response to the disaster than other regions. Among all the influencing factors, economic factors have the strongest effect on public interest both before and after the typhoon’s landfall. Our findings indicate that online social users are of great potential for volunteers and donors.
Reliability evaluation of CAN-bus connectors with tailored testing
Authors: Ojala Petteri , Rämö Jari , Miettinen Juha , Vilkko Matti
Published: July 2023

Controller Area Network (CAN-bus) is a default solution for digital control in machinery. The CAN-bus structure uses connector components to extend cabling and join subsystems. The connectors are IP-classified, so they tolerate humidity and particle ingress. Ingress protection also provides durability against other stress factors. Usually, connectors are exposed to multiple stress factors, but the stress levels are durable. In mining applications, however, stress levels can be high, and other factors become significant, so IP classification does not necessarily indicate sufficient durability. Tailored testing can be used to identify suitable components for a specific purpose. In this study, the actual stress factors of an underground mine drill were used in tailored tests. The results showed significant differences in reliability between connector models with the same IP code. The ranking of the components varied depending on the stress factors used. This highlights the importance of using actual operating conditions when evaluating reliability.
Biosynthesis of Manganese Nanoparticle Mn-NPs by the Fungus Aspergillus niger
Authors: Mohiudden Ahmed S. , Mohammed Mohammed J. , Jassim Mohammed A.
Published: July 2023

The fungus isolate Aspergillus niger was obtained from the soil and in different sits from the University of Tikrit, where it was used in the preparation of manganese nanoparticles (Mn-NPs), so the results proved that the manganese solution at a concentration of (4Mm) changes color to pale yellow, and the color change is considered a preliminary indicator of the susceptibility of the fungus for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum of a solution of manganese nanoparticles was studied. It was found that it lies within the wavelengths of 421 nm and 451 nm, respectively. The results of the examination by the XR-D X-ray diffraction device confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in the solution, and the manganese nanoparticles appeared as clear particles in the transmission electron microscope (SEM) images. The results showed the size distribution of manganese nanoparticles, Mn-NPs, where they were distributed in the suspended sample at a rate of (87.39) nm, which was proportional to their density inside the solution.
Estimation of Genetic Distance Using RAPD Markers for Five Varieties of Citrullus lanatus L.
Authors: Sabri Halah Yaareb , Saeed Ammar Hashim
Published: July 2023

This experiment was conducted at the department of Horticulture and Landscape department, Tikrit University. The aim was to analyze genetic variation in five varieties ofCitrullus lanatusL. by using Random Amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. DNA was isolated from plant leaves and 15 random primers were used. Variations between amplified pieces for each variety was detected by migrating samples on an agarose gel. The results showed a difference in the number of DNA replicated bundles and their molecular weights. The total number of bundles was 101, of which 83 were differentiated. The primer OP H-08 had the highest number of bands, while the lowest number was 1 bands for the primer OP D-18. There was also differences in the primers efficiencies. The primer OP H-08 showed the highest efficiency (12.871), and the primer OP D-18 showed the lowest (0.990). The primers OP F-05 and OP H-08 displayed the highest discriminating power(14.457), while the primers OP B-14, OP D-18 and OP E-03 recorded the lowest (0). The genetic distance had values ranged between 0.235 - 0.562. The largest genetic distance was between the varieties Charleston Gray and King Charleston. However, the varieties Charleston Gray and Crimson Sweet had the least distance.
The Effect of Nano-Fertilization and Tube Size on the Qualitative Characteristics of Two Types of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch)
Authors: Yassin Salma Kh. , Abdulrahman Harith Burhan Al-Din , Abdulrahman Ayyub Juma
Published: July 2023

This experiment was conducted in the unheated plastic house of the Horticulture and Landscaping Department of the College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit in the agricultural season 2021-2022. To study the effect of nano-fertilization at a concentration of 0, 1.5, and 3 g, and planting with different sizes of plastic tubes with a diameter of 4, 6, and 8 inches on the qualitative characteristics of two varieties of seedlings of the Fragaria ananassa Duch plant. Anthocyanins reached 18.16 mg 100gm-1, tube 6 inch was superior in terms of total acidity and reached 1.26%, while tubes 6 and 8 inch were superior in percentage of soluble solids, total sugars and percentage of dry matter in fruits. The cultivar Albion was significantly superior to the cultivar Rubygem in terms of total acidity, reaching 1.25%, while the cultivar Rubygem was superior to Albion in the percentage of total sugars, amounting to 2.23%, and the percentage of anthocyanins in the fruits, amounting to 17.51 mg 100g-1. Significant in the percentage of total solids, which amounted to 12.00%, and the percentage of total sugars, which amounted to 2.24%.
Use Microchitosan and Microzeolites as Additives to Treat the Individual and Synergistic Effect of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 Contaminant Broiler Diets
Authors: Al-Mjbel Akee Abd Shlij , Khalaf Raghad Ahmed , Allaw Ahmed A.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the study was to investigate and detect the ability of microcomponents of chitosan and zeolite to bind the different compositions of two types of mycotoxins contaminating the diet individually and synergistically. The birds were distributed to the treatments randomly and the first treatment was the control treatment without additions, the second treatment added 2 mg/kg of aflatoxin feed, the third treatment added 300 mg/kg of fumonisin feed, the fourth treatment added 2 mg/kg of feed from Aflatoxin + addition of 300 mg/kg feed of chitosan, the fifth treatment added 2 mg/kg of chitosan to a ration contaminated with aflatoxin 2 mg/kg of feed, the sixth treatment added 2 mg/kg of chitosan to a ration contaminated with 300 m 100 mg/kg of feed, the seventh treatment added 2 mg/kg of zeolite to a ration contaminated with aflatoxin 2 mg/kg of feed, the eighth treatment added 2 mg/kg of zeolite to a diet contaminated with fumonisin 300 mg/kg of feed, the ninth treatment was 2 mg/kg of chitosan + 2 mg/kg of zeolite was added to a diet contaminated with 2 mg/kg of aflatoxin and 300 mg/kg of fumonisin. The results of the statistical analysis indicate, the use of chitosan and zeolite together has shown promising results in reducing the levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin in crops. The combination of these agents could be a useful tool in the control of mycotoxins, with potential benefits for broiler health. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind this effect and to optimize the use of these agents.
The Effect of Partial Substitution of Fermented Potato Peeling Powder Instead of Yellow Corn on the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Al-Shemmari Wala’a H. A. , Almashhadani Hisham A. S.
Published: July 2023

This experiment was conducted in the chickens field of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the period from 25/2/2022 to 1/4/2022. To study the effect of partial substitution of fermented potato peeling powder instead of yellow corn in broiler food on productive performance, 231 (Ross 308) broiler chicks were used in the experiment, distributed randomly to seven treatments of 33 chicks/treatment, each treatment containing three replicates and each replicate containing 11 chicks, as the chicks were classified at the age of one day, as each reproduce included six males and five females, and the experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment, T1: a comparison treatment containing yellow corn, at a rate of 48%, and the second treatment, T2, the third, T3, and the fourth, T4, in which fermented potato peels were replaced with kiwi juice At rates of 6, 12 and 18%, respectively, while the fifth treatment (T5), sixth (T6) and seventh (T7) included substituting fermented potato peels with the Iraqi probiotic, at rates of 6, 12 and 18%, respectively. Data were analyzed according to a completely randomized design (CRD). The features under study were recorded over three periods from 1 to 10 days begins phase, 11 to 24 days growth phase, and 25 to 35 days terminal phase according to the Ross 308 Production Manual. Data indicated There was a highly important decrease (P < 0.01) in treatment T4 and T7 compared to other treatments in average body weight, average weight gain, and food changed factor for different periods, while the replacement treatments of 6% and 12% fermented potato peelings with fortifier and kiwi juice did not differ significantly. with the comparison treatment. The treatments did not show significant differences in the amount of feed consumed in the different age stages of the study.
Study of some Functional Properties of Elastin Extracted from Bovine Leather
Authors: Al-Ghanimi Ghufran M. M. , Al-Rubaii Amera M. S.
Published: July 2023

The study aimed to detect elastin protein extracted from leftover bovine leather that is not used in other industries, by conducting some tests to identify this protein and its functional properties and the possibility of using it in scientific applications, as the chemical composition tests showed that it contains a high percentage of protein and low percentages of moisture, fat and ash, and some functional properties were conducted to find out the ability of elastin to bind water and oil compared to other studies, studying the structural and chemical characterization of the properties of elastin extracted by FTIR and amide groups extended to elastin, as the results of electron microscopy (SEM) revealed, the shape of elastin fibers showed that they have a structure similar to myofibrillar muscle fibers, except that they are coarser, asymmetric, and have an asymmetric extension, while the TGA test showed that elastin extracted from bovine leather has 5 peaks and fracture peaks for weight loss in percentage as a function of temperature and that elastin gets a weight loss of up to and 44.02% at a temperature of 600 C, while it was shown DSC calorimeter analysis It can withstand a temperature of up to 290 °C.
Effect of Stimulate of Sorghum Seeds with Banana Peel Extract and Citric Acid on Seeds Viability and Vigour
Authors: Hamd Azhar Hadi Msheewah , Hamza Jalal Hameed
Published: July 2023

Sorghum seeds suffer from a low germination ratio, so a factorial experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during 2022 according to a Completely Randomized Design with four replications to study the effect of stimulating seeds with aqueous extract of banana peels with a concentration of (0, 15, 25 and 35%) and citric acid at concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1) on viability and vigour of seed properties. Seeds that soaked with banana peel extract at a concentration of 25% outperformed in first count (79.8%), final count (85.0%), radicle length (13.2 cm), plumule length (11.6 cm), and seedling vigour index (2109), noting that they didn’t differ significantly with a concentration of 35%. Concentration of 35% outperformed in seedling dry weight (0.015 mg), cold test (46.2%) and accelerated aging (65.0%). Citric acid at a concentration of 200 mg L-1 was superior at the first count (84.3%), final count (87.5%), radicle length (13.9 cm), plumule length (11.5 cm), seedling dry weight (0.014 mg), and seedling vigour index (2227). Concentration of 35% + 100 mg L-1 of banana peel extract and citric acid was significantly superior at final count (94.0%), radicle length (15.8 cm), plumule length (13.6 cm), seedling dry weight (0.017 mg), seedling vigour index (2761), accelerated ageing (75.0%), It can be concluded that banana peel extract is rich with nutrients and mineral elements that stimulate germination and seedling growth, and that citric acid provides an appropriate pH that increases the activity of the enzymes responsible for germination process, so it can be recommended that using a concentration of 35% + 100 mg L-1 of the aqueous extract of banana peels and citric acid together to enhance germination in sorghum.
Effect of Tillage Systems and Fungicide (Trichozon) on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Associated Weeds Growth Parameters
Authors: Safi Hussain , Al-Mothefer Ahmad , Shanan Hader , Al-Edan Asmaa
Published: July 2023

The investigation was conducted in the 2019–2020 agricultural season in the Al-Thaghr area, north of Basrah Governorate, Iraq (latitude 31.145288N and longitude 47.431334E), in clay soil. Two factors were used in the investigation. The first factor was the three tillage systems (heavy tillage by the mouldboard plow, low tillage by the chisel plow, and the no-till system). The second factor was three concentrations of the biocide Trichozon (4 g m-2, 2 g m-2, and without adding pesticide). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the chisel plow recorded the lowest number and dry weight of weeds per square meter (16 plants m-2 and 0.24 g m-2 respectively). In contrast, the moldboard plow recorded the highest number and dry weight of weeds per square meter (79.6 plant m-2 and 14.17 g m-2, respectively).
The Knowledge Level of Farmers in the Fields of Using Agricultural Pesticides in the Village of Al-Hamra of Baiji District / Salah Al-Din Governorate
Authors: Abdul Wahhab Raafat Riyadh , Mohammed Mohammed Azzat , Ali Yasir Mohammed
Published: July 2023

The research community included all (100) farmers of Al-Hamra village. After excluding the sample of the initial test, which was (20) farmers, a random sample of 50% was drawn from the research community. Thus the number of individuals sampled in the research became (50) farmers, The results of the study showed that the level of knowledge of farmers in the areas of using agricultural pesticides is average and tends to decline and that the two categories of those with low and medium knowledge constituted (72%). The study also showed a significant correlation between the level of knowledge and both (Age, educational level, number of years of pesticide use, and number of family members participating in agricultural work).
Increase the Efficiency of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) and its Use for the Determination of Lead (II) in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Khudhair , AbdulHassan Maysoon M. , Hameed Atyaf Khalid
Published: July 2023

A simple, sensitive, and greener method for green extraction and preconcentration of lead from aqueous media and further assay by UV-Vis spectrophotometer has been developed using 1,5 diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone). Several factors of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) including the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, shaking time, the concentration of dithizone as a complexing agent, and pH were optimized. Under optimum selected conditions, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), the linearity range, the relative standard deviation (RSD), and the Enrichment factor (EF) of the proposed method were obtained at 0.007 ppm, 0.025 ppm, 0.01-0.1 ppm, 4.3% (n = 3) and 40, respectively. This proposed method was successfully applied in the analysis of three synthetic water samples and good spiked recoveries over the range of 96.0–98.5% were obtained.
Taguchi Design Methodology for the Optimization of CO2Permeance in Gas Capture Process from Polluted Air
Authors: Majeed Jwan Taher , Majeed Najwa Saber
Published: July 2023

CO2single-gas permeance has been studied in the present work by the ssz-13 membrane. SEM was used to characterize the membranes. Feed flow rate, Feed pressure, Sweep gas flow rate as the studied parameters, and these factors varied at five levels with an orthogonal array of L25. Applying Taguchi experimental design allowed to examine the impact of the most important parameters on membrane permeabilit. CO2permeance had the biggest effect by feed flow rate.
Bio-Leaching of Heavy Metals by Aspergillus niger from Mobile-Phone Scrap
Authors: Al-Shammari Rana H.H. , Al-Yosef Jameelah W. O. , Alsaady Majida Hadi Mahdi , Atyia Soad AbdAli
Published: July 2023

The current study aimed to bioleach heavy metals from mobile phone scraps wastes (MPSs) which achieved by environmentally friendly method by employing Aspergillus nigur biomass which isolated from locally eroded mineral sites. Biological parameters of the experiment were: pH (5-2.5), temperature (28°C), ground mineral particle size (75-150 μm) and mineral particle amounts of (MPSs) were 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 grams/litter. The mineral content was analyzed for the recovery of heavy metals The results showed the highest values of the elements at a concentration of 0.5 g/L and pH 3.1 on day 28 of the experiment. The dead fungal biomass was also efficient in removing various heavy metals which charecterized by using XRF device and FT-IR technology was used to find out the active groups in fungal biomass. Electron microscopic imaging also showed the accumulation of metal particles within the fungal hyphae. The results of the current study indicate the possibility of applying Aspergillus niger for its ability to convert (MPSs) metals from solid to liquid phase, as an environmentally friendly and cost-efficient way of biologically leaching heavy metals.
Identification of Phytochemicals in Myrtus communis L. Extract by GC–Mass and their Effectiveness in the Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Mohammed Jasim , Mohmed Ahmed Saeed , Al-Khaldy Rafid Ahmed Abbas
Published: July 2023

Plants remain the most important source in many industrial, medical, and agricultural applications, due to their production of many chemical compounds as represent secondary metabolites of plants, similar to those found in pharmaceutical compounds and chemical pesticides. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical separation of the leaves of theMyrtus communisL. extract plant by using the GC–Mass technique, and the role of these compounds as biological reducing agents in the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The analysis of GC–Mass showed the presence of many 11 chemical compounds, such as Eucalyptol, Vitamin E, Neophytadiene, and N-Methyl-1-adamantaneacetamide. The results also indicated the effectiveness of the identified compounds in the process of biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, where the properties of the nanoparticles were described using UV-visible spectrophotometric and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Where The peak of UV-Vis spectrophotometer was recorded at 366 nm, while the size and shape of ZnO NPs where average size was 30nm with roughly circular or spherical in shape. The research conclusion confirmed that the leaves of theM. communisL. extract plant contained many chemical compounds which have a role in the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs.
Use Seeds of Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) Growing Within Mosul City, in Water Purification
Authors: Al-Mandeel Fathi Abdullah , Al-Tayyar Taha Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Hundred gram of large peach seeds were weighted and used as dried clean seeds. Part of dried seeds was grinding and sieved to obtain fine size of granules, with 3 mm as an average. This size of grain is suitable for absorption with ensures that the particles remain completely and did not dissolved or passes with water through contact to treatment. Water samples were collected from water sources for municipal uses in Mosul city, from artesian wells with different characteristics in addition to Tigris river water to analytic the physical, chemical, and heavy metals concentrations. Results shows that Peach seeds were active in improving quality of water. The efficiency of improvement by absorbance the ions. Improvement are increase as the surface area of seeds are increased also. Decrease in the concentrations of ions causing pollution water reaches 35%.
A Scoping Review on Airborne Fungi in Iraq (1995-2022) and Analysis of Fungal Communities
Authors: Al-Bader S. M. , Zenfenkey Zean
Published: July 2023

The atmosphere holds a diversity of bioaerosols, of which airborne fungi are an important part. Since the discovery of the relationship of indoor air fungi with building disease syndrome, interest in studying indoor airborne fungi (IAF) has increased, in addition to focusing on the relationship between indoor and outdoor airborne fungi (OAF). The current scoping study aimed to highlight the Iraqi airborne fungi by analyzing the original articles on airborne fungi that have been conducted in Iraq. Just the studies which involve air samples and swab samples from air conditioning devices were approved. The results were classified according to the locations of the study. The total fungal taxa were analyzed. Similarity%, occurrence%, and frequency% were calculated. twenty-eight articles were included in this scoping study, they were published between 1995 and 2021. The studied areas of Iraq were up to 40%, and generally, the IAF took more attention than OAF. The number of culturable IAF was greater than that of OAF. The predominant genera were;Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium, andRhizopus. The common IAF that were recorded in Iraq are well-known agents of health disorders, several species cause infections of the respiratory system, skin, and deep tissues. These species also include toxins producers, and allergens. Based on the reviewed studies we concluded that the atmosphere of Iraq has a high diversity of fungi that impact health. Further studies are required to control the sources of IAF and OAF. Also, there is a shortage of information about airborne fungi in many areas of Iraq, especially in the hospitals which is a typical environment for the transmission of infectious diseases.
Ultrafast quasi-three-dimensional imaging
Authors: Lian Yiling , Jiang Lan , Sun Jingya , Zhou Jiadong , Zhou Yao
Published: July 2023

Understanding laser induced ultrafast processes with complex three-dimensional (3D) geometries and extreme property evolution offers a unique opportunity to explore novel physical phenomena and to overcome the manufacturing limitations. Ultrafast imaging offers exceptional spatiotemporal resolution and thus has been considered an effective tool. However, in conventional single-view imaging techniques, 3D information is projected on a two-dimensional plane, which leads to significant information loss that is detrimental to understanding the full ultrafast process. Here, we propose a quasi-3D imaging method to describe the ultrafast process and further analyze spatial asymmetries of laser induced plasma. Orthogonally polarized laser pulses are adopted to illuminate reflection-transmission views, and binarization techniques are employed to extract contours, forming the corresponding two-dimensional matrix. By rotating and multiplying the two-dimensional contour matrices obtained from the dual views, a quasi-3D image can be reconstructed. This successfully reveals dual-phase transition mechanisms and elucidates the diffraction phenomena occurring outside the plasma. Furthermore, the quasi-3D image confirms the spatial asymmetries of the picosecond plasma, which is difficult to achieve with two-dimensional images. Our findings demonstrate that quasi-3D imaging not only offers a more comprehensive understanding of plasma dynamics than previous imaging methods, but also has wide potential in revealing various complex ultrafast phenomena in related fields including strong-field physics, fluid dynamics, and cutting-edge manufacturing.
Plasma Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio as a biomarker for cognitive impairment in haemodialysis patients: a multicentre study
Authors: Chen Xujiao , Wang Mengjing , Niu Jianying , Ma Jun , Qian Jing , Ni Li , Cheng Ping , You Huaizhou , Chen Jing
Published: July 2023

Background

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are more prevalent in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). Although the cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau (τ) have proven to be valid biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the general population, the roles of plasma Aβ and τ for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in HD patients remain unknown.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients receiving HD in three hospitals in Shanghai. All patients completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment–Basic (MoCA-B). To validate the effectiveness of the MoCA-B score for screening MCI, a subset group underwent neuropsychological batteries. Serum proteomes were compared in HD patients with normal cognitive function and dementia. Plasma Aβ42, Aβ40 and total τ were measured using a single molecule array.

Results

A total of 311 HD patients were enrolled (mean age 63 years, 55% male). The best cut-off score of MoCA-B for differentiating MCI and normal cognition was 24, with an area under the curve of 0.94. Serum proteomics revealed that neurodegenerative pathways related to AD were enriched in HD patients with dementia. The plasma Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio was significantly reduced in patients with MCI and dementia and was independently associated with cognitive function after adjusting for age, sex and education levels.

Conclusions

We validated the MoCA-B as an optimal cognitive function screening instrument for MCI in HD patients. The plasma Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio was a potential biomarker in distinguishing normal cognition, MCI and dementia in HD populations.
The potential association between influenza vaccination and lower incidence of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Marques da Silva Bernardo , Mayne Kaitlin J , Zakrocka Izabela
Published: July 2023

It is well-established that kidney cancer or renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs more commonly in chronic kidney disease (CKD) than in the general population, although the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Beyond hereditary RCC syndromes; smoking, obesity and hypertension are widely known risk factors for RCC, irrespective of CKD. Kidney-specific factors such as episodes of acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis and cyst formation have also been shown to be associated with RCC development. One potential and less explored factor is the role of viruses in the development of kidney cancer. In this issue of Clinical Kidney Journal, Lin et al. raise the interesting hypothesis that influenza vaccination may be associated with lower incidence of RCC in adults with CKD. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying this interesting observation in the context of immune dysregulation in CKD.
Leaf acclimation to soil flooding and light availability underlies photosynthetic capacity of Lindera melissifolia, an endangered shrub of bottomland forests in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA
Authors: Gardiner Emile S , Leininger Theodor D , Connor Kristina F , Devall Margaret S , Hamel Paul B , Schiff Nathan M , Wilson A Dan
Published: July 2023

Lindera melissifolia is an endangered shrub indigenous to the broadleaf forest of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). In this region, extant colonies of the species are found in periodically ponded habitats where a diversity of broadleaf trees can form well-developed overstory and sub-canopies—these habitat characteristics suggest that soil flooding and light availability are primary drivers of L. melissifolia ecophysiology. To understand how these two factors affect its photosynthetic capacity, we quantified leaf characteristics and photosynthetic response of plants grown in a large-scaled, field setting of three distinct soil flooding levels (no flood, 0 day; short-term flood, 45 days; and extended flood, 90 days) each containing three distinct light availability levels (high light, 30% shade cloth; intermediate light, 63% shade cloth; and low light, 95% shade cloth). Lindera melissifolia leaves showed marked plasticity to interacting effects of flooding and light with lamina mass per unit area (Lm/a) varying 78% and total nitrogen content per unit area (Na) varying 63% from the maximum. Photosynthetic capacity (A1800-a) ranged 123% increasing linearly with Na from low to high light. Extended flooding decreased the slope of this relationship 99% through a reduction in N availability and metabolic depression of A1800-a relative to Na. However, neither soil flooding nor light imposed an additive limitation on photosynthetic capacity when the other factor was at its most stressful level, and the A1800-a–Na relationship for plants that experienced short-term flooding suggested post-flood acclimation in photosynthetic capacity was approaching the maximal level under respective light environments. Our findings provide evidence for wide plasticity and acclimation potential of L. melissifolia photosynthetic capacity, which supports active habitat management, such as manipulation of stand structure for improved understory light environments, to benefit long-term conservation of the species in the MAV.
Reducing Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults From Clinicians’ Perspectives: A Systems Modeling Approach
Authors: Koh Vanessa Jean Wen , Matchar David B , Chan Angelique Wei-Ming , Lee June May-Ling , Lai Wei Xuan , Rosario Dulcie , George Anne , Ho Vanda , Ismail Noor Hafizah Bte , Lien Christopher Tsung Chien , Merchant Reshma A , Tan Shuyan Melissa , Wong Chek Hooi , Xu Tianma
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives

Falls among older adults are a significant health problem globally. Studies of multicomponent fall prevention programs in randomized controlled trials demonstrate effectiveness in reducing falls; however, the translation of research into the community remains challenging. Although there is an increasing interest to understand the factors contributing to implementation barriers, the dynamic relationships between factors are less well examined. Furthermore, evidence on implementation barriers from Asia is lacking as most of these studies originate from the West. As such, this study aims to engage stakeholders in uncovering the factors that facilitate or inhibit implementing community-based fall prevention programs in Singapore, with a focus on the interrelationship between those factors.

Research Design and Methods

Health care professionals familiar with fall prevention programs were invited to discuss the enablers and challenges to the implementation. This effort was facilitated using a systems modeling methodology of Group Model Building (GMB) to share ideas and create a common conceptual model of the challenges. The GMB employs various engagement techniques to draw on the experiences and perceptions of all stakeholders involved.

Results

This process led to the development of a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), a qualitative conceptual model of the dynamic relationships between the barriers and facilitators of implementing fall prevention programs. Results from the CLD show that implementation is influenced by two main drivers: health care provider factors that influenced referrals, and patient factors that influenced referral acceptance and long-term adherence. Key leverage points for potential interventions were identified as well.

Discussion and Implications

The overall recommendation emphasized closer coordination and collaboration across providers to ensure sustainable and effective community-based fall prevention programs. This has to be supported by a national effort, involving a multidisciplinary stakeholder advisory group. These findings generated would be promising to guide future approaches to fall prevention.
Effect of Fecal Microbiota, Live-Jslm (REBYOTA [RBL]) on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: Results From the PUNCH CD3 Clinical Trial
Authors: Garey Kevin W , Dubberke Erik R , Guo Amy , Harvey Adam , Yang Min , García-Horton Viviana , Fillbrunn Mirko , Wang Hongjue , Tillotson Glenn S , Bancke Lindy L , Feuerstadt Paul
Published: July 2023

Background

Recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) is common, prolonging disease morbidity and leading to poor quality of life. We evaluated disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with rCDI treated with fecal microbiota, live-jslm (REBYOTA [RBL]; Rebiotix) versus placebo.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (PUNCH CD3). The disease-specific Clostridioides difficile Quality of Life Survey (Cdiff32) was administered at baseline and at weeks 1, 4, and 8. Changes in Cdiff32 total and domain (physical, mental, social) scores from baseline to week 8 were compared between RBL and placebo and for responders and nonresponders.

Results

Findings were analyzed in a total of 185 patients (RBL, n = 128 [69.2%]; placebo, n = 57 [30.8%]) with available Cdiff32 data. Patients from both arms showed significant improvements in Cdiff32 scores relative to baseline across all outcomes and at all time points (all P < .001); RBL-treated patients showed significantly greater improvements in mental domain than those receiving placebo. In adjusted analyses, RBL-treated patients showed greater improvements than placebo in total score and physical and mental domains (all P < .05). Similar improvement in mental domain was observed among responders, while nonresponders showed numerical improvements with RBL but not placebo.

Conclusions

In a phase 3 double-blinded clinical trial, RBL-treated patients reported more substantial and sustained disease-specific HRQL improvements than placebo-treated patients.

Clinical Trials Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03244644 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03244644).