bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Asset Management in a Green Supply Chain
Authors: Hajihashemi Sara , Alizadeh Reza , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh
Published: November 2021

With increasing concerns about global warming caused by greenhouse gasses (GHGs), organizations have become more responsible for their operations. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), companies with a supply chain (SC) generate about 42% of GHGs in their transportation (30%) and inventory systems (12%), which makes mitigating climate change through a green supply chain (GSC) management a reasonable solution.

To design a GSC, we model the SC as a customer and store network, with customers driving in cars to and from stores and the retailer resupplying the stores from a central warehouse. The number and location of stores are determined to find a low-cost and low emission configuration for the SC.

The key findings are (1) SCs with more small stores generate less emission than ones with fewer large stores; (2) when minimizing the operating cost is more important than mitigating GHG emissions, fewer large stores are preferred than having more small stores; (3) a SC with two warehouses reduces the number of open stores in a large area such as Puerto Rico.

Our contributions are (1) building a model of a GSC based on population data; (2) modeling a GSC in a two-echelon network which can be solved simultaneously using the k-median approach; (3) evaluating the effect of multiple warehouses on the overall GHGs emissions; (4) managing the incompleteness and inaccuracy of the data through implementing the compromise Decision Support Problem construct to identify satisficing solutions.

The model mentioned earlier highlights the important parameters that impact the green GHG emissions reduction from a SC that describe in this paper. We also discuss how this approach can be employed for other design problems, including manufacturing and healthcare.
How Designers Talk: Constructing and Analysing a Design Thinking Data Corpus
Authors: Lloyd Peter , Akdag Salah Almila , Chandrasegaran Senthil
Published: November 2021

A necessary condition of understanding how designers work is understanding how designers talk. In this paper we show how new methods of linguistic data analysis are beginning to reveal insights into the general nature of design conversations. For the first time we combine design activity data collected over 30 years by the Design Thinking Research Symposium (DTRS) ‘shared data’ series into a single corpus. We apply emerging techniques of analysis on this corpus and explore word forms, expressions, topics, and themes related to the particularities of how designers talk. We describe three such methods: generating category network maps using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) system; semantic grouping of words using word embeddings and examining the distribution of these groups across the datasets, and custom text generation using an A1-based language modeller. In applying these methods, we show that exploring design activity data at the corpus level can reveal more general patterns of design talk and raise key questions and hypotheses for further study. We see these methods as a first step in developing an understanding of how people not considered to be designers (e.g., scientists, business people, politicians) talk in ways that might be considered ‘designerly’ [1].
Gestural Interfaces to Support the Sketching Activities of Designers
Authors: Bellani Pierstefano , Carulli Marina , Caruso Giandomenico
Published: November 2021

The several loops characterizing the design process used to slow down the development of new projects. Since the 70s, the design process has changed due to the new technologies and tools related to Computer-Aided Design software and Virtual Reality applications that make almost the whole process digital. However, the concept phase of the design process is still based on traditional approaches, while digital tools are poor exploited. In this phase, designers need tools that allow them to rapidly save and freeze their ideas, such as sketching on paper, which is not integrated in the digital-based process.

The paper presents a new gestural interface to give designers more support by introducing an effective device for 3D modelling to improve and speed up the conceptual design process. We designed a set of gestures to allow people from different background to 3D model their ideas in a natural way. A testing session with 17 participants allowed us to verify if the proposed interaction was intuitive or not. At the end of the tests, all participants succeeded in the 3D modelling of a simple shape (a column) by only using air gestures in a relatively short amount of time exactly how they expected it to be built, confirming the proposed interaction.
The Redesign of a Recumbent Tricycle Using a Crank Rocker Mechanism to Increase Power Throughput in FES Cycling
Authors: Bazler Anthony L. , Myszka David H. , Murray Andrew P.
Published: November 2021

This paper presents an investigation of a mechanism to improve the power throughput of persons with tetra- or paraplegia pedaling via functional electrical stimulation (FES). FES stimulates muscle contraction with small electrical currents and has proven useful in building muscle in patients while relieving soreness and promoting cardiovascular health. An FES-stimulated cyclist produces power that is an order of magnitude less than an able-bodied cyclist. At these reduced power levels, many difficulties associated with FES cycling become apparent, namely inactive zones. Inactive zones are defined by the leg being in a position where muscle stimulation is unable to produce power to propel the tricycle forward. A possibility for reducing inactive zones and increasing the power throughput of the cyclist is to alter the motion of a cyclist’s legs. Bicycles have recently been marketed that feature pedaling mechanisms that employ alternate leg motions. This work considers using a four-bar and ratchet-and-pawl linkage in the redesign of a performance tricycle piloted by an FES-stimulated rider. Quasi-static and power models have been optimized for this cycling architecture yielding a design that suggests a 79% increase in throughput power for some FES cyclists. Multiple sets of dimensions are compared against design criteria to identify an ideal design.
An Eco-Industrial Park-Based Method for Net Zero Community Creation
Authors: Hairston Garrett , Layton Astrid
Published: November 2021

Much emphasis is placed on the role of Net Zero Communities (NZCs) in achieving a sustainable future. Systems research on the topic, including the application of bio-inspired techniques already used on other human networks, is currently hindered by the lack of case studies documenting the structure and quantity of energy, water, and waste flows within realistic NZCs. This work proposes and preliminarily tests a method of generating a database of hypothetical-realistic NZCs by expanding the system boundaries for well-documented Eco-industrial Park (EIP) networks. The expansion includes residential and commercial actors from the community surrounding the EIP. Past studies using Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) to improve the environmental and economic performance of these EIPs have resulted in a quantitative database of case studies. Combining these industrial hubs to nearby residential, commercial, agricultural, etc. actors can generate potential multi-use networks on which similar design work can be conducted. Three EIP to NZC cases are generated and analyzed focusing on their system structure. Cyclicity, an ENA metric used to quantify the presence and complexity of cyclic pathways in a network, has been shown to promote the efficient use of resources in both biological and human networks. Cyclicity values for the original EIP networks, the community additions, and the potential NZC case studies reveals that there are many meaningful interactions that occur between actors that are only visible once the system boundaries are expanded to the NZC level. This offers a glimpse into the potential benefits of approaching the NZ problem, and sustainable living more generally, on a system scale — an analysis that will be further enabled by the generation of an NZC database initiated by this work.
Automatic Parametric Modeling From Non-Feature Based Designs for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Xiao Xinyi , Roh Byeong-Min
Published: November 2021

The integration of Topology optimization (TO) and Generative Design (GD) with additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming advent methods to lightweight parts while maintaining performance under the same loading conditions. However, these models from TO or GD are not in a form that they can be easily edited in a 3D CAD modeling system. These geometries are generally in a form with no surface/plane information, thus having non-editable features. Direct fabricate these non-feature-based designs and their inherent characteristics would lead to non-desired part qualities in terms of shape, GD&T, and mechanical properties. Current commercial software always requires a significant amount of manual work by experienced CAD users to generate a feature-based CAD model from non-feature-based designs for AM and performance simulation. This paper presents fully automated shaping algorithms for building parametric feature-based 3D models from non-feature-based designs for AM. Starting from automatically decomposing the given geometry into “formable” volumes, which is defined as a sweeping feature in the CAD modeling system, each decomposed volume will be described with 2D profiles and sweeping directions for modeling. The Boolean of modeled components will be the final parametric shape. The volumetric difference between the final parametric form and the original geometry is also provided to prove the effectiveness and efficiency of this automatic shaping methodology. Besides, the performance of the parametric models is being simulated to testify the functionality.
“Getting the Tip of the Pen on the Paper”: How the Spectrum of Teaching Styles Narrows the Gap Between the Hope and the Happening
Authors: SueSee Brendan , Pill Shane , Davies Michael , Williams John
Published: November 2021

Purpose: In response to the limitations with what has been termed a “traditional” Physical Education method, in the last decade Models-Based Practice (MBP) has emerged as an alternative. However, these limitations were recognized by Mosston in 1966 and from which The Spectrum of Teaching Styles (The Spectrum) was presented as a means toward a more obvious educative focus in Physical Education. We propose that The Spectrum provides a bridge between the hope and happening of MBP suggested by Casey and colleagues. Method: Using a qualitative narrative approach, we construct a fictional discussion between two academics (one from a country with centralized, mandated curriculum and one without) through which to navigate the mythical island of quality Physical Education in order to analytically frame The Spectrum and the “happening” of teacher’s implementation of MBP. Use of a fictional dialogue as a qualitative instrument enabled us to be provocative through the posing of questions in a novel fashion. Results: We suggest adopting a nonversus perspective reorients the view of model fidelity and, The Spectrum provides the “how” or micropedagogies to close the gap between the “hope” and the “happening.” Conclusion: This conversation is timely considering reservations about the successfulness of “second-generation” MBP exist in the literature and evidence of the continuation of the historically common Physical Education method despite its well-recognized limitations.
Localized drug delivery graphene bioscaffolds for cotransplantation of islets and mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Razavi Mehdi , Wang Jing , Thakor Avnesh S.
Published: November 2021

A stem cell seeded graphene-dexamethasone bioscaffold significantly improves the survival and function of transplanted islets.
Emergence of spin-orbit coupled ferromagnetic surface state derived from Zak phase in a nonmagnetic insulator FeSi
Authors: Ohtsuka Yusuke , Kanazawa Naoya , Hirayama Motoaki , Matsui Akira , Nomoto Takuya , Arita Ryotaro , Nakajima Taro , Hanashima Takayasu , Ukleev Victor , Aoki Hiroyuki , Mogi Masataka , Fujiwara Kohei , Tsukazaki Atsushi , Ichikawa Masakazu , Kawasaki Masashi , Tokura Yoshinori
Published: November 2021

Ferromagnetic-metal surface state derived from topological polarization and its spin-orbitronics functionalities in FeSi.
A quantum-enhanced wide-field phase imager
Authors: Camphausen Robin , Cuevas Álvaro , Duempelmann Luc , Terborg Roland A. , Wajs Ewelina , Tisa Simone , Ruggeri Alessandro , Cusini Iris , Steinlechner Fabian , Pruneri Valerio
Published: November 2021

Hyperentanglement and SPAD array camera enable wide-field supersensitive quantum imaging.
Assessing therapy response in patient-derived xenografts
Authors: Ortmann Janosch , Rampášek Ladislav , Tai Elijah , Mer Arvind Singh , Shi Ruoshi , Stewart Erin L. , Mascaux Celine , Fares Aline , Pham Nhu-An , Beri Gangesh , Eeles Christopher , Tkachuk Denis , Ho Chantal , Sakashita Shingo , Weiss Jessica , Jiang Xiaoqian , Liu Geoffrey , Cescon David W. , O’Brien Catherine A. , Guo Sheng , Tsao Ming-Sound , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Goldenberg Anna
Published: November 2021

We propose a measure for robust quantification of in vivo drug response that accounts for variation across both treatment and control replicates.
Selection for Phage Resistance Reduces Virulence of Shigella flexneri
Authors: Kortright Kaitlyn E. , Done Rachel E. , Chan Benjamin K. , Souza Valeria , Turner Paul E.
Published: November 2021

Shigella flexneri
is a facultative intracellular pathogen of humans and a leading cause of bacillary dysentery. With few effective treatments and rising antibiotic resistance in these bacteria, there is increasing interest in alternatives to classical infection management of
S. flexneri
infections.
Novel Insights into Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Catabolism by Cultivable Bacteria in the Arctic Kongsfjorden
Authors: Zhang Shan , Cao Hai-Yan , Zhang Nan , Teng Zhao-Jie , Yu Yang , Wang Zhi-Bin , Wang Peng , Fu Hui-Hui , Chen Xiu-Lan , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Li Chun-Yang
Published: November 2021

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is abundant in the oceans. The catabolism of DMSP is an important step of the global sulfur cycle.
Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Functional Genomics Screening to Discover Novel Archaeal DNA Modifying Enzymes
Authors: Zatopek Kelly M. , Fossa Samantha L. , Bilotti Katharina , Caffrey Paul J. , Chuzel Léa , Gehring Alexandra M. , Lohman Gregory J. S. , Taron Christopher H. , Gardner Andrew F.
Published: November 2021

This study provides a rapid, simple, high-throughput method to discover novel archaeal nucleic acid modifying enzymes by utilizing a fosmid genomic library, next-generation sequencing, and capillary electrophoresis. The method described here provides the details necessary to create 384-well fosmid library plates from
Thermococcus kodakarensis
genomic DNA, sequences of 384-well fosmids plates using Illumina next-generation sequencing, and performed high-throughput functional read-out assays using capillary electrophoresis to identify a variety of nucleic acid modifying activities, including DNA cleavage and ligation.
Bioengineering Strategies for Developing Vaccines against Respiratory Viral Diseases
Authors: Iyer Shalini , Yadav Rajesh , Agarwal Smriti , Tripathi Shashank , Agarwal Rachit
Published: November 2021

Respiratory viral pathogens like influenza and coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have caused outbreaks leading to millions of deaths. Vaccinations are, to date, the best and most economical way to control such outbreaks and have been highly successful for several pathogens. Currently used vaccines for respiratory viral pathogens are primarily live attenuated or inactivated and can risk reversion to virulence or confer inadequate immunity.
Deciphering Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from a Pediatric Cancer Hospital in Egypt
Authors: Jalal Deena , Elzayat Mariam G. , Diab Aya A. , El-Shqanqery Hend E. , Samir Omar , Bakry Usama , Hassan Reem , Elanany Mervat , Shalaby Lobna , Sayed Ahmed A.
Published: November 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii
represents a major health threat, in particular among immunocompromised cancer patients. The rise in carbapenem-resistant
A. baumannii
, and the development of resistance to the last-resort antimicrobial agent colistin, complicates the management of
A. baumannii
outbreaks and increases mortality rates.
CRISPR-Cas12a-Based Detection for the Major SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
Authors: Liang Yuanhao , Lin Hongqing , Zou Lirong , Zhao Jianhui , Li Baisheng , Wang Haiying , Lu Jing , Sun Jiufeng , Yang Xingfen , Deng Xiaoling , Tang Shixing
Published: November 2021

We described CRISPR-Cas12-based multiplex allele-specific assay for rapid SARS-CoV-2 variant genotyping. The new system has the potential to be quickly developed, continuously updated, and easily implemented for screening of SARS-CoV-2 variants in resource-limited settings. This approach can be adapted for emerging mutations and implemented in laboratories already conducting SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests using existing resources and extracted nucleic acid.
Membrane Transporters of the Major Facilitator Superfamily Are Essential for Long-Term Maintenance of Phenotypic Tolerance to Multiple Antibiotics in E. coli
Authors: Wan Yingkun , Wang Miaomiao , Chan Edward Wai Chi , Chen Sheng
Published: November 2021

We recently showed that the antibiotic-tolerant subpopulation of bacteria or persisters actively maintain the transmembrane proton motive force (PMF) to survive starvation stress for a prolonged period. This work further shows that the reason why antibiotic persisters need to maintain PMF is that PMF is required to support a range of efflux or transportation functions.
Postvaccination SARS-COV-2 among Health Care Workers in New Jersey: A Genomic Epidemiological Study
Authors: Mathema Barun , Chen Liang , Chow Kar Fai , Zhao Yanan , Zody Michael C. , Mediavilla Jose R. , Cunningham Marcus H. , Composto Kaelea , Lee Annie , Oschwald Dayna M. , Germer Soren , Fennessey Samantha , Patel Kishan , Wilson David , Cassell Ann , Pascual Lauren , Ip Andrew , Corvelo André , Dar Sophia , Kramer Yael , Maniatis Tom , Perlin David S. , Kreiswirth Barry N.
Published: November 2021

A number of highly effective vaccines have been developed and deployed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence and epidemiological dominance of SARS-CoV-2 mutants with high transmission potential and immune evasion properties, the so-called variants of concern (VOC), continue to be a major concern.
Recalibrating the Devonian time scale: A new method for integrating radioisotopic and astrochronologic ages in a Bayesian framework
Authors: Harrigan Claire O. , Schmitz Mark D. , Over D. Jeffrey , Trayler Robin B. , Davydov Vladimir I.
Published: November 2021

The numerous biotic, climatic, and tectonic events of the Devonian cannot be correlated and investigated without a well-calibrated time scale. Here, we updated the calibration of the Devonian time scale using a Bayesian age-depth model that incorporates radioisotopic ages and astrochronology durations. We used existing radioisotopic ages collected and harmonized in the last two geologic time scale compilations, as well as new U-Pb zircon ages from Emsian {Hercules I K-bentonite, Wetteldorf, Germany: 394.290 ± 0.097(0.21)[0.47] Ma} and Eifelian K-bentonites {Tioga B and Tioga F K-bentonites, Fayette, New York, USA: 390.82 ± 0.18(0.26)[0.48] Ma and 390.14 ± 0.14(0.23)[0.47] Ma, respectively}. We anchored floating astrochronology stage durations on radioisotopic ages and chained astrochronologic constraints and uncertainty together to extrapolate conditioning age likelihoods up or down the geologic time scale, which is a new method for integrating astrochronology into age-depth modeling. The modeling results in similar ages and durations for Devonian stages regardless of starting biostratigraphic scaling assumptions. We produced a set of rescaled biostratigraphic zonations, and a new numerical calibration of Devonian stage boundary ages with robust uncertainty estimates, which allow us to evaluate future targets for Devonian time scale research. These methods are broadly applicable for time scale work and provide a template for an integrated stratigraphic approach to time scale modeling.
Supplemental Material: Geologic map of southern Panamint Valley, southern Panamint Range and central Slate Range, California, USA
Authors: Andrew J.E.
Published: November 2021

Digital map data files in ArcGIS shapefile format for data collection points, geologic contacts, and geologic unit polygons.
Materials Based on Chitosan and Polylactide: From Biodegradable Plastics to Tissue Engineering Constructions
Authors: Demina T. S. , Akopova T. A. , Zelenetsky A. N.
Published: November 2021

The transition to green chemistry and biodegradable polymers is a logical stage in the development of modern chemical science and technology. In the framework of this review, the advantages, disadvantages, and potential of biodegradable polymers of synthetic and natural origin are compared using the example of polylactide and chitosan as traditional representatives of these classes of polymers, and the possibilities of their combination via obtaining composite materials or copolymers are assessed. The mechanochemical approach to the synthesis of graft copolymers of chitosan with oligolactides/polylactides is considered in more detail.
Association between neighbourhood deprivation and hypertension in a US-wide Cohort
Authors: Xu Jing , Lawrence Kaitlyn G , O'Brien Katie M , Jackson Chandra L , Sandler Dale P
Published: November 2021

Background

Socioeconomic status (SES) at the individual level is associated with hypertension risk. Less is known about neighbourhood level SES or how neighbourhood and individual level SES may jointly affect hypertension risk.

Methods

The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) includes 17 census-based measures reflecting neighbourhood SES. The ADI was linked to enrolment addresses of 47 329 women in the Sister Study cohort and categorised as ≤10% (low deprivation), 11%–20%, 21%–35%, 36%–55% and >55% (high deprivation). Hypertension was defined as either high systolic (≥140 mm Hg) or diastolic (≥90 mm Hg) blood pressure or taking antihypertensive medication. We used log binomial regression to investigate the cross-sectional association between ADI and hypertension and evaluated interactions between ADI and race/ethnicity and between ADI and individual SES.

Results

The highest ADI level of >55% was associated with increased prevalence of hypertension, compared with the lowest level of ADI≤10%, in a model adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment and annual household income (prevalence ratio=1.26, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.32). We observed interaction between race/ethnicity and ADI (interaction contrast ratio (ICR)=1.9; 95% CI 0.94 to 2.8 comparing non-Hispanic Black women with ADI >55% to non-Hispanic White women with ADI≤10%) and between household income and ADI (ICR 0.38; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.65 comparing participants with household income ≤US$49 999 and ADI>55% to those with household income >US$100 000 and ADI≤10%).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that neighbourhood deprivation measured by ADI may be a risk factor for hypertension and that ADI may act synergistically with race/ethnicity and individual household income to contribute to hypertension.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Co3O4/ZnCo2O4 Core-Shell Nanostructures for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Lin En-Syuan , Chao Feng-Sheng , Liang Chen-Jui , Chang Chi-Jung , Fang Alex , Lin Chung-Kwei , Chang Yu-Cheng , Tsay Chien-Yie , Wu Jerry J. , Chen Chin-Yi
Published: November 2021

Supercapacitive properties of Co/ZnCo oxide composite with a core–shell nanostructure (Co3O4/ZnCo2O4) prepared directly onto a nickel foam substrate by a two-step hydrothermal method were investigated. The synthesized core–shell structure consisted of some ∼40–100 nm in thick flaky ZnCo2O4 deposits coated onto the surface of Co3O4 nanorods measuring ∼150 nm in diameter. The specific capacitance value of the Co3O4/ZnCo2O4 core–shell nanostructure synthesized by hydrothermal at 130 °C for a ZnCo2O4 deposition time of 2 h can attain 1804 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. Furthermore, the core–shell structured electrode still exhibited a relatively good capacitance retention of more than 93% after 3000 CV cycles due to the superior structural support of Co3O4 scaffolds. The Co3O4/ZnCo2O4 core–shell structure exhibits excellent electrochemical performances and, as such, is one of the more promising active materials in pseudocapacitor applications.
Communication—Partial Oxidation of MnS for Synergistic Electrocatalysis of N2-to-NH3 Fixation at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Li Peipei , Cheng Dan , Zhu Xiaohua , Liu Meiling , Zhang Youyu
Published: November 2021

Compared with the traditional Haber-Bosch process, electrochemical N2 to NH3 reduction affords an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to ambient NH3 synthesis with the aid of efficient electrocatalysts. In this work, partial oxidation of MnS to obtain the MnS-Mn3O4 is proved as a promising noble-free electrocatalysts of N2 to NH3 fixation at ambient conditions. When tested in 0.1 M Na2SO4, the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction performance of MnS-Mn3O4 is improved comparing with the MnS, which achieves large NH3 yield of 16.74 μg h–1 mgcat.
–1 and a high Faradaic efficiency of 5.72%. It also exhibits excellent selectivity of N2 to NH3 and strong long-term electrochemical stability.
Screening Highly Efficient Hetero-Diatomic Doped PC6 Electrocatalysts for Selective Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Jiang Qiuling , Meng Yanan , Li Kai , Wang Ying , Wu Zhijian
Published: November 2021

Searching for highly efficient electrocatalysts toward nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is an important but challenging task for nitrogen utilization in industry. Here we have systematically designed a series of hetero-diatomic catalysts (DACs), in which transition metal atoms (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are dispersed on PC6 monolayer to form AB@PC6 (A, B = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni). Employing density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the V and Cr co-doped PC6 monolayer (VCr@PC6) among the 21 AB@PC6 catalysts is the most promising catalyst due to its low limiting potential of −0.41 V, relatively low energy barrier, and high ammonia selectivity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Insights on the high NRR activity of VCr@PC6 are also explored. The synergistic effect in DACs facilitates the electron transfer from metal pairs to PC6 monolayer, as well as suppresses the HER, leading to high selectivity and Faradaic efficiency. This work not only aims to seek the efficient DACs towards N2 reduction but also provides insights towards synergistic effects between hetero-atoms for the rational design of DACs.
Li-Ion-Trapping-Induced Degradation Mechanism of Colored State in Tungsten Oxide Electrochromic Films
Authors: Zeng Yu , Tang Yongkang , Li Gang , Cheng Ziqiang , Liu Yong , Han Gaorong
Published: November 2021

Aiming to investigate the degradation mechanism of their colored states, tungsten oxide films with different oxygen/tungsten ratio were prepared by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering through adjusting the oxygen partial pressure. After a long-term cycling test, the sample prepared under low oxygen partial pressure (LO#) showed an excellent cycle stability which its optical modulation amplitude remains stable at 23.6%, while the one prepared under high oxygen partial pressure (HO#) exhibited an obvious degradation process of the colored state, leading to the optical modulation amplitude decreased from 34.0% to 18.6% accompanied with a decay of ionic diffusion coefficient and electrode potential, but having an improved coloration efficiency. Combined with various structural characterizations, including SEM, LA-ICP-MS, Raman and XPS, we demonstrate such colored state degradation is attributed to the so-called shallow trap, which corresponds to the irreversible and non-coloring reaction with interstitial oxygen during the insertion of Li+ cations forming superoxides (e.g. LiO2). All these findings not only offer a new insight into the improvement of cyclic stability based on ion-exchange, but also provide a valued information to understanding the physicochemical mechanisms of degradation in electrochromic materials.
Research on Microstructure Evolution of Deposited Metal of Low Nickel High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Ma Yiming , Lv Xiaochun , Fang Naiwen , Xu Kai , Wang Xingxing , Yang Yicheng , An Hongliang , Zhang Yan , Xu Yinan
Published: November 2021

In this paper, in situ observation of the cooling process of the deposited metal of low nickel high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel obtained by laser‐arc hybrid surfacing welding with shielding gas containing only Ar and only N2, respectively, is carried out using the ultra‐high‐temperature confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). An in‐depth analysis of the microstructural changes is conducted with SEM, EDS, and EBSD. The results showed that the surface substructure is refined during crystallization with shielding gas Ar. However, grains are seriously coarsened in the δ phase area. Widmanstatten γ and intragranular γ are formed as a result of δ ⟶ γ phase transition through the shear‐diffusion mechanism. In the cooling process with shielding gas N2, the temperature range of each phase area narrowed obviously. Blocky γ began to appear because of the δ ⟶ γ phase transition through the diffusion mechanism. Generally, Ar and N2 have a strong effect only on the very shallow range from the surface. The area with a larger local misorientation with shielding gas Ar is at lath γ on the surface. With shielding gas N2, the large local misorientation area is the last contact position of γ during the δ ⟶ γ phase transition on the surface and cross section.
Single Time Frame Overview of the Genetic Changes in Conjunctival Melanoma from Intraepithelial Disease to Invasive Melanoma: A Study of 4 Exenteration Specimens Illustrating the Potential Role of Cyclin D1
Authors: Mudhar Hardeep Singh , Salvi Sachin S. , Pissaloux Daniel , de La Fouchardiere Arnaud
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Despite advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma, relatively little is known about the genetic changes that occur in the progression of conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesions to invasive conjunctival melanoma. Methods: We exposed 4 exenteration specimens that each contained varying grades of intraepithelial conjunctival melanocytic neoplasia and invasive neoplasia to a combination of various techniques, including array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemistry. Results: Three out of 4 of the invasive melanomas showed gains in 11q13 (CCND1 locus) by aCGH. FISH demonstrated CCND1 gain in invasive melanoma and in conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesions (CMILs) of all grades (low-grade CMILs and in situ melanoma), and this was paralleled by increased expression of Cyclin D1 protein within the atypical melanocytes by immunohistochemistry, using a double-staining method with a red end point for Melan A cytoplasmic staining and a brown end point for nuclear Cyclin D1 expression. Higher grades of melanocytic intraepithelial lesions showed more cells expressing Cyclin D1 than lower grade melanocytic intraepithelial lesions. The Cyclin D1 protein expression was in the same location as the amplified CCND1 signal by FISH. One out of 3 of these cases also showed the amplification of the 12q13-15 locus corresponding to MDM2 and FISH confirmed gains in the conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive melanoma. The remaining fourth case showed a homozygous deletion of 9p21 (CDKN2A) by aCGH only, with immunohistochemistry showing clonal loss of p16 protein expression in the invasive and conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesion. Two out of 4 of the invasive melanomas harboured classical driver mutations in NRAS and NF-1, respectively. None of the cases showed mutations in BRAF, KIT, and TERT mutations. RNA-seq data showed secondary mutations in ARAF, PLCB4, MET, EZH2, MAP2K2, CTNNB1, CIITA, NF2, TP53, and MEN1, some of which are implicated in the MAPK pathway. Conclusion: CMILs harbour amplifications of CCND1 (3 cases), MDM2 (1 case), and loss of CDKN2A (1 case), which are also present when the lesion progresses to invasive melanoma, implicating these amplifications in the early pathogenesis of CMILs. This study represents the first attempt to capture the mutational landscape of all stages of conjunctival melanoma in a single tissue excision.
Myocardial Mechanics in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: O’Driscoll Jamie M. , Giorgione Veronica , Edwards Jamie J. , Wiles Jonathan D. , Sharma Rajan , Thilaganathan Baskaran
Published: November 2021

Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is becoming routinely used to direct the medical management of various cardiac diseases, but its application in pregnancy is unclear. Our objective was to perform a meta-analysis and pool multiple study data to consolidate the evidence base for the role of GLS in the assessment of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Electronic database searches were performed in PubMed/Medline and EMBASE for research articles reporting GLS in pregnancies complicated by HDP and normotensive pregnancies that have been published up to September 2021. The meta-analysis included 17 studies with a pooled sample size of 1723 participants, which included 951 women with HDP, of which 680 were preeclamptic, and 772 controls. The primary random-effects pooled analysis demonstrated a statistically significant weighted mean difference in GLS between the HDP and control group (mean difference: 3.08% [CI, 2.33–3.82],
P
<0.001). When analyzed including only preeclamptic studies, there was also a statistically significant mean difference (mean difference: 2.98% [95% CI, 1.97–3.99],
P
<0.001). This meta-analysis demonstrates that HDP is associated with greater cardiac maladaptation, evidenced by a significantly reduced GLS compared with normal pregnancy. Echocardiography should be considered as a screening tool in women with HDP to enable early cardiovascular risk prevention through national initiatives.
Problematic Yet Needed: Shifting Problematisations of Migrant Reception in Malmö 1945–1970
Authors: Brunnström Pål , Nilsson Mohammadi Robert
Published: November 2021

This article describes and analyses by whom, in what ways and with what consequences migrant reception was performed in Malmö during the period 1945–1970 and how this changed over time. Inspired by Carol Bacchi’s ‘what’s the problem represented to be’ (wpr) approach, the article analyses the shifting problematisations of migrant reception in Malmö, and argues that there were two decisive shifts in Malmö’s migrant reception policy. With the help of Robert Miles’ concept of racialisation, the article shows that different migrant groups were racialised in different ways, depending on how they were depicted by the Swedish society. We also identify a gendered racialisation as women and men were racialised differently.
Attempts to Build Postwar Europe from Below in Stuttgart: Failure or Forerunner?
Authors: Severin-Barboutie Bettina
Published: November 2021

On May 2, 1964, a so-called Emigrationsparlament held its constituent meeting in the house of the Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (dgb) in Stuttgart. The meeting was opened by a speech of the parliament’s president, Antonio Maspoli, in which he outlined the aims of the new institution and coined the phrase ‘The emigrant is a worker from and for Europe and Europe is his country’. In the months following the Emigrationsparlament gathered several times and Maspoli—a Swiss national known for his engagement in the trade unions in Switzerland—pleaded for the establishment of a ‘sort of a European parliament of the foreign worker’ in Stuttgart. Maspoli’s repeated claims initiated debates within the municipal government about the stimulation of self-help among foreigners and their growing involvement in issues concerning them. Furthermore, Maspoli obtained premises for the establishment of an international meeting point called ‘Europa-Club’. However, his wish of setting up a European parliament in Stuttgart remained unfulfilled. While the local government eventually established a council, the desired parliament of foreign workers did not come into existence. Hence, Stuttgart missed the opportunity to become the site of an elected European parliament and the activities of the ueg fell into oblivion.
Exosomal MicroRNA-325 Enhances Trophoblast Migration and Invasion Through Downregulation of Lethal-7b and Upregulation of Forkhead Box Protein O1 Expression in Preeclampsia
Authors: Xie Ying , Tian Shan
Published: November 2021

We aimed to explore the mechanism by how microRNA (miRNA)-325 derived from marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (MSC-exos) affects the trophoblast progression in preeclampsia (PE). RT-qPCR detected the level of miRNA let-7b and FOXO1 in the placenta tissue of PE patients. Functional experiment was performed to analyze the effect of FOXO1 inhibitor and let-7b mimics on cell migration, invasion and apoptosis through Transwell assay and TUNEL staining. The trophoblast cell was co-cultured with overexpressed-miR-325 MSC-exos to measure gene expression and cell progression. let-7b was highly and FOXO1 was lowly expressed in PE placenta tissue. let-7b directly targeted and inhibited FOXO1 expression. Importantly, as miR-325 was internalized by trophoblast cells through MSC-exos, MSC-exos overexpressing miR-325 inhibited let-7b expression in trophoblasts, up-regulated FOXO1 and activated AKT signaling pathway. Further, MSC-exos treatment promoted invasion and migration of trophoblast cell and inhibited apoptosis. In conclusion, miR-325 derived from MSC-exos promotes the invasion and migration of trophoblast cells in PE through inhibition of let7b and upregulation of FOXO1.
MiRNA-136-5p Sensitizes Liver Cancer Cells to Docetaxel by Targeting P53 and Enhances Cell Migration
Authors: Cai Hao , Du Jian , Luo Cheng
Published: November 2021

We aimed to explore whether microRNA (miRNA)-136-5p modulates P53 expression, and affects the efficacy of docetaxel treatment for liver cancer. miRNA array screened the differentially expressed miRNAs in biopsy tissues of liver cancer patients, and the expression of miR-136-5p and P53
in tissues and cells by RT-PCR. Following docetaxel treatment, through increased- and decreased-function method, we detected the impact of the miRNA on cell progression, as well as the sensitivity of docetaxel through MTT assay and colony formation experiment. The correlation between miR-136-5p
and P53 was evaluated. The expression of miR-136-5p in liver cancer cells is up-regulated, which is consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. Further, miR-136-5p overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration, and sensitized liver cancer cells to docetaxel. Interestingly,
P53 was indicated to bind to miR-136-5p, and P53 participated in the up-regulation of MMP10 induced by miR-136-5p. miR-136-5p enhances the sensitivity to docetaxel in liver cancer and thus could be a biomarker for the treatment against liver cancer.
Computing locating-total domination number in some rotationally symmetric graphs
Authors: Raza Hassan , Iqbal Naveed , Khan Hamda , Botmart Thongchai
Published: November 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a connected graph. A locating-total dominating set in a graph G is a total dominating set S of a G, for every pair of vertices [Formula: see text], such that [Formula: see text]. The minimum cardinality of a locating-total dominating set is called locating-total domination number and represented as [Formula: see text]. In this paper, locating-total domination number is determined for some cycle-related graphs. Furthermore, some well-known graphs of convex polytopes from the literature are also considered for the locating-total domination number.
Contradiction as Injustice: How Senses of Inequality Differ across National Contexts
Authors: Asahina Yuki
Published: November 2021

Similar levels of inequality may be coded as acceptable or unacceptable in different places. To account for misrecognition of inequality, the existing studies highlight the roles of ideological legitimation and situated comparison through which individuals read inequality around them, but these accounts can be further elaborated upon. This article argues that it is neither the belief in ideology nor social comparison alone but rather the relationship between the two which shapes particular ways in which inequality is experienced. The dominant collective narratives rooted in macro-level contexts and individuals’ situated comparisons shape perceptions of the contradiction (or lack thereof) between how people think things should be and how things are in three specific ways. The proposed framework is put to use with interviews with 98 millennials in Japan and South Korea.
Interventionism and Over-Time Causal Analysis in Social Sciences
Authors: Wu Tung-Ying
Published: November 2021

The interventionist theory of causation has been advertised as an empirically informed and more nuanced approach to causality than the competing theories. However, previous literature has not yet analyzed the regression discontinuity (hereafter, RD) and the difference-in-differences (hereafter, DD) within an interventionist framework. In this paper, I point out several drawbacks of using the interventionist methodology for justifying the DD and RD designs. Nevertheless, I argue that the first step toward enhancing our understanding of the DD and RD designs from an interventionist perspective is to take advantage of the assumptions of common trend and continuity.
Olive and me in the archive: a Black British woman in an archival space
Authors: Longley Oumou
Published: November 2021

This article aims to explore how the archival life of Olive Morris might radically rebuff the devaluation of Black womanhood and identity in Britain. Harnessing a Black feminist framework, I approach Lambeth Archives, where the Olive Morris Collection is found as a therapeutic space. Through an understanding of Olive as complex, I disrupt hegemonic expectations of Black women and propose that within the space of this research, Black womanhood be allowed the freedom of self-definition. In a conglomeration of the documents and voices of the community that remembers Olive, marginalised epistemologies are legitimised. Their sometimes-conflicting accounts generate an unbounded image of Olive as a figure of Black British women’s history that harbours meaning as it is mobilised in social consciousness. Incorporating my own auto-ethnographic reflections, I explore the internal and external impact of Olive and my existence in this archival space.
Culturally Responsive Differentiated Instruction: Narrowing Gaps between Best Pedagogical Practices Benefiting All Learners
Authors: Santamaria Lorri J.
Published: November 2021

Background/Context

Because of its special education association, differentiated instruction (DI) is a topic of concern for many educators working with culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) learners, whereby bilingual, multicultural, and culturally responsive teaching (CRT) is considered more appropriate for responding to cultural and linguistic diversity. Furthermore, although the literature base on DI recognizes cultural and linguistic diversity, it offers little in terms of ways to address these differences.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study

The focus of this contribution is to assist the educational community in recognizing pedagogical differences, while finding common ground, in identifying complementary teaching practices for all students, including culturally diverse students and English language learners (ELLs). CRT and DI provide frameworks with which to discuss a reconciliation of both theory-to-practice approaches with the hope that a common framework will better serve educators and preservice teachers working with diverse students in complex multidimensional classrooms.

Setting

This research took place at two CLD elementary schools serving ELLs in North San Diego County, California. Schools were chosen because both are reaching high levels of academic achievement and are closing achievement gaps, dispelling the myth that high levels of poverty and/or CLD student populations lead to lower student achievement.

Research Design

The research design employed was a qualitative case study.

Data Collection and Analysis

Over 5 years, observations, recorded conversations among teachers, administrators, students, and parents, and supporting documents collected from both schools were initially coded by reading through responses and documents. Using a qualitative analysis procedure, codes were generated to identify data relevant to general features of DI and CRT. This was followed by more focused coding wherein previous codes were reviewed, erroneous information was eliminated, and smaller codes were then combined into larger ones. Finally, codes were organized into larger themes identified and grounded by DI and CRT literature.

Conclusions/Recommendations

The best teaching practices are those that consider all learners in a classroom setting and pay close attention to differences inherent to academic, cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic diversity. Through a closer examination of two different, seemingly distinct, theoretical models that have rarely been linked or reconciled, educators may be able to determine what is appropriate for particular groups of students in particular classrooms in particular locales. In implementing school reform efforts to improve student achievement, reconciliation of best teaching practices and the creation of hybrid pedagogies are critical in addressing a future of an increasingly diverse country and global community.