bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tool Nose Radius on Nano-Machining Process by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Vahid Hosseini Seyed , Vahdati Mehrdad , Shokuhfar Ali
Published: April 2011

Today, there is a need to understand the micro mechanism of material removal to achieve a better roughness in ultra precision machining (UPM). The conventional finite element method becomes impossible to use because the target region and grids are very tiny. In addition, FEM cannot consider the micro property of the material such as atomic defect and dislocation. As an alternative, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is significantly implemented in the field of nano-machining and nano-tribological problems to investigate deformation mechanism like work hardening, stick-slip phenomenon, frictional resistance and surface roughness [1]. One of the machining parameters than can affect nano-cutting deformation and the machined surface quality is tool nose radius [2]. In this paper molecular dynamics simulations of the nano-metric cutting on single-crystal copper were performed with the embedded atom method (EAM). To investigate the effect of tool nose radius, a comparison was done between a sharp tool with no edge radius and tools with a variety of edge radii. Tool forces, coefficient of friction, specific energy and nature of material removal with distribution of dislocations were simulated. Results show that in the nano-machining process, the tool nose radius cannot be ignored compared with the depth of cut and the edge of tool can change micro mechanism of chip formation. It appears that a large edge radius (relative to the depth of cut) of the tool used in nano-metric cutting, provides a high hydrostatic pressure. Thus, the trust force and frictional force of the tool is raised. In addition, increasing the tool edge radius and the density of generated dislocation in work-piece is scaled up that is comparable with TEM photographs [6].
Low Temperature Nitriding of a Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Karadas Riza , Celik Ozgur , Çimenoğlu H.
Published: April 2011

Nitriding is as an effective technique applied for many years to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of low carbon and tool steels [1]. In the case of stainless steels, increase of surface hardness and wear resistance accompany by a drop in corrosion resistance due to the precipitation of CrN. In this respect, many attempts have been made to modify the surfaces of austenitic stainless steels to increase their surface hardness and wear resistance without scarifying the corrosion resistance [2-6]. It is finally concluded that, nitriding at temperatures lower than conventional nitriding process (which is generally about 550°C) has potentiality to produce a nitrogen expanded austenite (also known as S-phase), on the surface without formation of CrN. Due to the superb properties of the S-phase, the low temperature nitrided austenitic stainless steels exhibit very high surface hardness, a good wear resistance, and more importantly, an excellent corrosion resistance. Recently some attempts have been made to apply low temperature nitriding to martensitic stainless steels, which are widely used in the industries of medicine, food, mold and other civil areas [7-9]. In these works, where nitriding has been conducted by plasma processes, superior surface hardness, along with excellent wear and corrosion resistances have been reported for AISI 410 and AISI 420 grade martensitic stainless steels. This work focuses on low temperature gas nitriding of AISI 420 grade martensitic stainless steel in a fluidized bed reactor. In this respect the microstructures, phase compositions, hardness, wear and corrosion behaviours of the original and nitrided martensitic stainless steels have been compared.
Preparation of Nanostructured Al-4.5wt%Mg Powder via Mechanical Alloying Process
Authors: Shokuhfar Ali , Ozhdelnia Omid , Mostaed Ali , Mostaed Ehsan
Published: April 2011

In this work, the preparation of nanostructured Al-4.5wt%Mg powder through the mechanical alloying (MA) process was evaluated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to calculate the crystallite size and microstrain. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used not only to study the morphology of the powders but also to show the fact that the Mg powders were distributed during the MA process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also used to demonstrate whether the produced powders are nanostructured or not. XRD results showed that microstrain and crystallite size of milled powder (after 10 h milling at the ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR) of 20:1) were ≈-0.34% and ≈20nm respectively. XRD and TEM results showed that Al12Mg17has been formed during MA process. This means that during this process, mutual diffusion of Al and Mg has occurred.
Advanced Fillers Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Rubber Blends
Authors: Jonšta Zdenĕk , Koštial Pavel , Ružiak Ivan , Jonšta Peter , Jurčiová J. , Jančíková Zora , David Jiri , Kopal Ivan
Published: April 2011

In the paper we present measurements of transport physical parameters such as thermal conductivity, diffusivity and specific heat capacity and dc electrical conductivity as well as the mechanical values E*, tg δ for rubber compounds filled by different ratio of silica - carbon black fillers. From presented results it is possible to see that proper filler concentration (rubber blend - silica - carbon black) rising all thermal parameters as well as mechanical properties represented by complex Young’s modulus and so, maintains the good mechanical parameters of the blend and finally it also lowers the electrical resistance. All trends are favourable for the improvement of useful rubber blends properties.
Viscoelastic Properties of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites at the Different Nanotube Content
Authors: Montazeri Arash , Khavandi Alireza , Javadpour Jafar , Tcharkhtchi Abbas
Published: April 2011

The viscoelastic properties of composites multi walled carbon nanotube / epoxy at different weight fractions (0.1, 0.5 and 1wt %) were evaluated by performing dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) test. The MWCNT/ epoxy composite were fabricated by sonication and a cast molding process. The results showed that addition of nanotubes to epoxy had a significant effect on the viscoelastic properties. However, the use of 0.5wt% increased the viscoelastic properties more significantly. Concerning viscoelastic modeling, the COLE-COLE diagram has been plotted by the result of DMTA tests. These results show a good agreement between the Perez model and the viscoelastic behavior of the composite.
EG/CNTs Nanofluids Engineering and Thermo-Rheological Characterization
Authors: Lamas Bruno C. , Fonseca A. , Gonçalves F.A.M.M. , Ferreira A.G.M. , Fonseca I.M.A. , Kanagaraj S. , Martins N. , Oliveira Monica S.A.
Published: April 2011

The research work presented here intends to contribute to the overall research effort towards nanofluids engineering and characterization. To accomplish the latter, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are added to an ethylene glycol (EG) based fluid. Different aspects concerning the nanofluids preparation and its thermal characterization will be addressed. The study considers and exploits the relative influence of CNTs concentration on EG based fluids, on the suspension effective thermal conductivity and viscosity. In order to guarantee a high-quality dispersion it was performed a chemical treatment on the MWCNTs followed by ultrasonication mixing. Furthermore, the ultrasonication mixing-time is optimized through the UV-vis spectrophotometer to ensure proper colloidal stability. The thermal conductivity is measured via transient hot-wire within a specified temperature range. Viscosity is assessed through a controlled stress rheometer. The results obtained clearly indicate an enhancement in thermal conductivity consistent with carbon nanotube loading. The same trend is observed for the viscosity, which decreases with temperature rise and its effect is nullified at higher shear rates.
Delafossite-CuAlO2 Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Annealing
Authors: Chen Hong Ying , Tsai Ming Wei
Published: April 2011

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are well known and have been widely used for a long time in optoelectronics industries. The most popular TCOs have n-type characteristics. However p-type material is not well established and examined. The delafossite-CuAlO2 is one of the p-type TCOs. In this paper, amorphous Cu-Al-O films were deposited onto (100) p-type silicon substrate by magnetron sputtering. After that, the films were annealed at 800°C for 2 h in different partial oxygen levels ranging from 5*10-5 to 1 atm with N2, air, and O2. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that as-deposited films were amorphous. In addition, delafossite-CuAlO2 (R m and P63/mmc phase) appeared at 800°C in N2, but monoclinic-CuO and spinel-CuAl2O4 phases existed in air and O2. The formation of delafossite-CuAlO2 phase can be explained with thermodynamics. The optoelectronic properties of delafossite-CuAlO2 films were also measured. The direct optical bandgap was around at 3.3 eV, which is comparable with literature data. The electrical conductivity was obtained to be 6.8*10-3 S/cm. The hot-probe method employed to measure the electrical property of the films, which indicates that delafossite-CuAlO2 films have p-type characteristics.
Exciton Emission Stimulation and Exciton Polariton Coupling in SiC Nanocrystals
Authors: Diaz Cano A.I. , Yescas Hernandez J.A. , Torchynska T.V. , Shcherbyna Ye
Published: April 2011

The paper presents the results of SiC nanocrystal characterization using photoluminescence spectroscopy technique. Earlier it was shown that original SiC wafers and porous SiC (PSiC) layers have been characterized by 6H-SiC crystal type with inclusions of 4H-, 15R- and 2H- SiC polytypes. The study of photoluminescence in PSiC layers with different nanocrystal (NC) sizes reveals the intensity stimulation for exciton-related PL bands in NCs of different SiC polytypes. The intensity enhancement for exciton-related PL bands is attributed to the exciton recombination rate increasing due to the realization of exciton weak confinement and exciton-polariton coupling in SiC NCs. The numerical simulation has been done for the dependence of exciton recombination rate versus SiC NC sizes at the assumption of exciton-polariton coupling model.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silicon Oxycarbide Derived Nanocomposites Obtained through Ceramic Processing of TEOS/PDMS Preceramic Materials
Authors: Oteo J.L. , Mazo M. Alejandra , Palencia Cristina , Rubio F. , Rubio Juan
Published: April 2011

Bulk silicon oxycarbide derived ceramic nanocomposites have been prepared by the application of the conventional ceramic processing to preceramic materials. Tetraethylortosilicate/ polydimethylsiloxane preceramic materials obtained by sol-gel process were thermally treated and attrition milled to 4 micrometers. Subsequently, the preceramic powders were pyrolized at 1100 °C to obtain silicon oxycarbide powders that were pressed and sintered at 1550 °C up to 16 hours. Silicon oxycarbide glasses obtained at 1100 °C from pyrolysis of preceramic materials consist of a Si-O-C network and a carbon like graphite phase well dispersed. At annealing temperatures higher than 1100°C silicon oxycarbide glasses undergo a rearrangement which involves a phase separation to silica and silicon carbide and a segregation of carbon like graphite phase. At these temperatures the material can be considered as a glassy matrix nanocomposite. At temperatures higher than 1500 °C the carbothermal reduction occurs with the consumption of both silica and free carbon phase. However, the nanocomposite structure is maintained but with different constituents. The silicon oxycarbide glasses obtained at 1100 °C are amorphous. However, as a result of all involving processes taken place during the ceramic process, the nanocomposites formed at 1550 °C comprise a silica matrix and nanodomains of carbon like graphite and silicon carbide both of them displaying an incipient crystallization. Structure and crystalline size evolution, from preceramic materials to silicon oxycarbide derived nanocomposites, have been determined by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies, XRD and 29Si-MASNMR.
Equivalent Circuit Analog to an Electrochemical Cell for Anodic Growth of Titania Nanotube Array
Authors: Peñafiel Castro Jhon Alexander , Quintero-Torres Rafael
Published: April 2011

The behavior of an electrochemical cell for anodic formation of titanium oxide nanotubes is calculated from an electrical model obtained from the DC Current-time plot. The result can predict the behavior beyond the voltage source used in the experiment and in conditions that are impossible to achieve in a real experiment. This clarifies the speculation around the cell voltage versus cell current limited experimental data and its behavior is explained in terms of the source used in the experiment.
Knowledge Transfer Research in Virtual Contexts
Authors: Wu Bing , Ge Jun , Xu Wen Xia
Published: April 2011

This study is a productivity review on the literature gleaned from SSCI, SCIE databases concerning knowledge transfer research in virtual contexts. The result indicates that the number of literature productions on this topic is still growing in recent years. The main research development country is the United States. And from the analysis of the subject area, communication is the most popular subject, then engineering, multidisciplinary, and management. Concerning source title, group decision and negotiation is in the priority. Moreover the research focuses are mainly theory model and empirical research; these typical references are analyzed in detail, including limitations and future research in this field.
Gear Fault Diagnosis Based on Second Order Cyclostationary Analysis
Authors: Li Hui
Published: April 2011

Gearbox vibrations are random cyclostationary signals which are a combination of periodic and random processes due to the machine’s rotation cycle and interaction with the real world. The combinations of such components are best considered as cyclostationary. This paper discusses which second order cyclostationary statistics should be used for fault diagnosis of gear crack. The second order cyclostationary statistical methods are firstly introduced and then applied to fault diagnosis of gear crack. This approach is capable of completely extracting the characteristic fault frequencies related to the defect. Experiment results show that the second order cyclostationary statistics is powerful and effective in feature extracting and fault detecting for gearbox. The experimental result shows that the second order cyclostationary statistics can effectively diagnosis gear localized crack fault.
Optimal Design of Safety Valve Spring
Authors: Zou Jie Hui , Nie Ju Gen
Published: April 2011

In this paper, it aiming at the functional features of containerization canning safety valves adopts the method of design of experiments (DOE) to conduct fast modeling on the working conditions of the safety valve spring, and cites the means of multi-objective optimization to optimize the spring designs, minimizing the maximum inner shear stresses of its winding coils and its weights. In the process of the study, a parametric finite-element spring model with three variable parameters has been used to generate arbitrary spring shapes within the pre-set scope of spring shapes.By the V-Optimal method, it generates a DOE input matrix with 30 input points. It obtains a two-third-order polynomial regression model through analyses and calculations, which can fully reflect the regression characteristics of the shear stresses and the weights of springs. This study shows that by means of DOE and multi-objective optimization, it enables to quickly design and optimize on safety valve springs.
An Object-Oriented Shadow Detection Approach of Remote Sensing Image
Authors: Shen Xiao Le , Shao Zhen Feng , Luo Hui , Cheng Wei
Published: April 2011

Shadows widely exist in high-resolution remote sensing images and affect image interpretation in certain degree. Improving the accuracy and efficiency of shadow region detection is always a significant problem in remote sensing image processing field. In this paper, an object-oriented shadow detection approach of remote sensing image is proposed on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the shadow object. Experimental results indicate the efficiency and validity of our object-oriented approach for shadow detection compared with conventional pixel-level methods.
Performance of the Piecewise Rate Modulation Strategy to Convey Mandarin Tonal Information for Cochlear Implant Using Neural Network Simulation
Authors: Guan Tian , Gong Qin , Zhou Tong
Published: April 2011

In order to improve the pitch perception of cochlear implant (CI) users speaking tonal language, it has been suggested to frequency-modulate the electric stimulus rate by the spectral information of the tonal language. A piecewise CI rate modulation strategy has been recently proposed, which not only encoded the spectral information but also took account of the psychological perception feature for the stimulus rate variation by CI users. This paper further examines its performance to convey Mandarin tonal information by a neural-network-based simulation. The experimental results shown that the correct rates to identify the four Mandarin tones of 80 Mandarin monosyllabic words were 95%, 95%, 100% and 100%, respectively, indicating that the piecewise rate modulation strategy might efficiently convey Mandarin tonal information. Therefore, the piecewise rate modulation strategy could help to design novel CI electric stimulator and enhance the speech perception ability of CI users speaking tonal language, such as Mandarin.
Three Dimension Automobile Customization System Based on EON Studio and Network
Authors: Xu Chong Xia , Sun De Chang , Feng De Jun , Wen Ling , Song Ting Ting
Published: April 2011

In view of the life cycles of automotive product are currently getting shorter, and customer-driven manufacturing had been a mainstream situation, a kind of car customization method which is based on the EON studio and the WEB was proposed in this paper firstly, the development environment and system architecture of custom system was described. Then focusing the research on virtual construction and optimization of car model, car model tree establishment and management, JavaScript-JavaApplet-Eon communications and remote interactive event routing mechanism. The mathematical method of car customization rules was given. Faunally, the automotive customization system was realized in the JSP platform, and this system is running well.
Controlling the Fractional-Order Chaotic System Based on Inverse Optimal Control Approach
Authors: Gao Xin
Published: April 2011

In this paper, we numerically investigate the chaotic behaviors of a fractional-order system. We find that chaotic behaviors exist in the fractional-order system with an order being less than 3. The lowest order we find to have chaos is 2.4 in such system. In addition, we numerically simulate the continuances of the chaotic behaviors in the fractional-order system with orders ranging from 2.7 to 3. Finally, a simple, but effective, linear state feedback controller is proposed for controlling the fractional-order chaotic system based on an inverse optimal control approach. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed controller.
Characterization of Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Slag
Authors: Zhang Hai Ying , Zheng Yi , Hu Hong Tao , Qi Jing Yu
Published: April 2011

This work was done to develop a methodology for analysis of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) slag. It performed analysis of heavy metal content, leaching concentration as a function of pH and vibration time. It was found that content of heavy metals followed the decreasing sequence of Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. Proper vibration time period was 1.0 h for extraction of theses metals, and their leaching concentrations increased with increasing pH from 1 to 11. Hence, an acidic environment could enhance leaching of the four heavy metals.
Application of Wavelet Packet Energy Spectrum in Coal-Rock Interface Recognition
Authors: Wang Bao Ping , Wang Zeng Cai , Li Yun Xia
Published: April 2011

The recognition of coal-rock interface in the top caving was investigated via the vibration signals of the tail beam of the hydraulic support. Wavelet packet transform was used to process the vibration signals. A newly feature based on wavelet packet energy spectrum was proposed to identify the coal-rock interface in top coal caving. The interface was determined by comparing the features in the two cases of coal dropping and rock dropping. The experimental results show that the energy proportion of vibration signal in high frequency bands when rock dropping is greater than that when coal dropping.
Application in Die Forging Simulation Coupling Finite Element and Element-Free Galerkin Method
Authors: Li Di , Kang Wen Qian , Guo Peng Wei
Published: April 2011

The finite element method has been extensively used to predict forming difficulties of die forging problems. However, the analysis for die forging problems with finite element method can lose considerable accuracy due to severely distortional meshes. Based on the equality of elements, an automatically coupling algorithm has been proposed to analyze die forging problems, which converts the FE analysis into the EFG computation to preserve the accuracy in the region where meshes have been severely distorted and still employs the FE method to ensure high computational efficiency in the region where the quality of the FE meshes is acceptable. Numerical example shows that the present algorithms exploit the respective advantages of both the FE method whose computational efficiency is high and the EFG method which can throws out mesh distortions.
How Quality Influence User’s Continuance of the Recommendation Blog
Authors: Wu Chao Ming
Published: April 2011

Given the development of the Web 2.0, blog becomes one of the most popular applications in the Internet. Internet users spend a lot of time to post and read articles, search for other’s opinions and recommendations in the blogs. Why so many users are stuck on the blogs? What are the key factors to influence user’s blog continuance? This study uses Post-Acceptance Model of IS Continuance as basic model, and combines with information quality and service quality to explore what factors affect internet user’s continuance of recommendation blog. The study adopts cates recommendation blogs as experiment platform, and collects 212 Taiwanese samples from internet. After the analysis of structural equation model, main results are the followings: (1) Users’ perceived usefulness and satisfaction will affect their continuance of recommendation blog; (2) Users’ perceived usefulness, ease of use, confirmation, and blog’s information quality, service quality will affect users’ satisfaction; (3) Blog’s information quality and service quality will affect users’ confirmation.
A Design of the Processing Equipment Monitoring System Based on Infrared and Wireless Technology
Authors: Yang Chun Jie , Kang Hong Bo
Published: April 2011

This paper describes a temperature detection design of the bearing of mineral processing equipment based on Infrared and wireless technology. The temperature of bearing is detected, and sent to the receiving terminal by Wireless bearers; the terminal can display the processes and operates it. The receiving terminal can provide standard industrial signal output, the signal can be sent to the control system of PLC, so the equipment state can be remotely monitored.
Development of a Standing Wave-Tube System for Acoustical Property Measurement of Sound Absorption Materials Used on Vehicles
Authors: Wang Yan Song , Zhou Jian Peng , Xing Yan Feng
Published: April 2011

A standing wave-tube system for acoustical property measurement of vehicle-used sound absorption materials is developed in this paper. Theoretically, the standing wave ratio method and the two-cavity method with two-microphone configurations are combined and applied for calculating some acoustical parameters, such as sound absorption ratio, reflection coefficient, characteristic impedance, propagation constant, of a sample material. Based on the combined method, the standing wave-tube system including two microphones, an A/D board, a signal amplifier, a DSP computer and a set of software is carefully designed and performed. The verification results suggest that the newly designed system is accurate for acoustical property measurement of the materials used on vehicles. It can be directly used for selecting noise-control materials in vehicle acoustical designs.
The Phonetic Complex Data Based on FPGA
Authors: Li Ting Jun
Published: April 2011

This paper describes the use of FPGA realization of communication stations, then road transport service data method, if duty rate 32Kb/S, usually on duty voice quality ask for much, as long as can understand. Therefore, if duty rates can be lowered into the appropriate data transmission rate by reducing some of the data, the formation of voice, data combined for the road transport, the rate of post-combiner 32Kb / S, telephone channels in the transmission of duty .this paper designed a total of 5 programs, if the rate of the service16Kb/S, the data rate of 9.6Kb/S, 4.8Kb/S program, done simulation, meet design requirements.
Power Supply Prognostics and Health Management of High Reliability Electronic Systems in Rugged Environment
Authors: Guan Yong , Jin Sheng Zhen , Wu Li Feng , Pan Wei , Liu Yong Mei , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2011

The high reliable embedded system in rugged environment has huge potential application value. There are 34% faults in electronic system by the cause of the fault of power system. So the prognostics mechanism and the algorithm of power health has been a core support technology in applications. the fault and the deterioration and healing model of the power system in rugged environment is constructed by analysis of FFP, DFP and healing(alleviation)for improving the reliability, the usability and the maintainability. And many questions such as fixed-time maintenance and back-down maintenance depending on conventional statistical method are solved fundamentally. Finally, the prognostics and health management methods of power health in domestic and foreign presently are contrasted and analyzed.
The Research on Anticorrosion and Abrasion Behavior in Corrosive Medium of Micro-Arc Oxidation Film on Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Lou Bai Yang , Tang Yi Xiang , Li Xiao
Published: April 2011

In the sodium silicate electrolyte system, the uniform ceramic films formed on AZ91D magnesium alloys were obtained by the pulse power when the current density is 40mA/cm2. The morphology, phase composition, anticorrosion and abrasion resistance behaviors in corrosive medium were studied scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that Micro-arc oxidation film is of double-layer structure (loose layer and compact layer), uniform surface and local cracks. Micro-arc oxidation treatment enhanced the anticorrosion of magnesium alloy. The corrosion potential of micro-arc oxidation film is more increased by 94mV than that of the magnesium alloy substrate. The abrasion of the film will be reduced in corroding medium.
CFD Simulation of Curved-Roof Subjected to Thunderstorm Downburst
Authors: Cui Bi Qi , Chen Yong
Published: April 2011

Thunderstorm downburst is a sort of outburst strong wind on or near the ground, and its wind field characteristics are significantly different from boundary layer winds. The study on its effect on the structures was relatively rare, nevertheless numerous structural failures around the world caused by thunderstorm were found. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed for this stationary downburst simulation, also the wind pressure distributions of the curved-roof in this flow had been surveyed by varying the parameters of the structure. The results show that the wind attack angle has significant effect on the wind pressure of curved-roof, so does the ratio of the rise to span. The predominant impacts of the ratio of wall height to span and the roof span were found at the windward side. Furthermore, by locating the roof beneath the downburst jet, the wind pressure distribution of the roof was also investigated to reveal the significant effects caused by vertical wind of downburst.
A Study on Computer Aided Ultrasonic Testing Scheme Planning
Authors: Zhang Ji Tang , Tan C. , Shen X.G.
Published: April 2011

On the basis of proposing the general ultrasonic testing system, this paper discusses the concept and the composite module of computer aided ultrasonic testing scheme planning. By the thought of ultrasonic testing part family and modularization parameterization design, and the paper induces the needed study to solute the theory question and each key technologies of ultrasonic testing scheme. Finally, it simply introduced the developed computer aided ultrasonic testing scheme planning system of rotational parts.
Microscopic Observation of White Band within Shear Zone of Chip Produced during High Speed Machining of AISI 1045 Hardness Steel
Authors: Duan Chun Zheng , Kong Wei Sen , Wang Zhao Xi , Wang Min Jie
Published: April 2011

To study the microstructure of white band is helpful for revealing formation mechanism of serrated chip. This paper investigates the microstructural characteristics of white bandsat primary and second deformation zone within the serrated chips produced during High Speed Machining (HSM) of AISI 1045 hardened steel usingoptical microscope, SEM, TEM, and electron microprobe, X-Ray diffraction. It was found that the white bands within primary and second deformation zone consist of small equiaxed grains which formed due to dynamic recrystallization during adiabatic shear, however, martensitic transformation just only taken place within the white band in second deformation zone. The re-distribution of chemical elements between the composition phases occurred due to the combined effect of adiabatic temperature rise and high speed deformation in formation process of white band. The former is result from adiabatic shear in primary deformation zone during formation of chip, while the latter is caused by the intense shear and friction between tool and chip.
Type-2 Fuzzy Control of a Mobile Robot for Avoiding Moving Object
Authors: Juang Jih Gau , Wu Chen Han
Published: April 2011

This research utilizes type-2 fuzzy logic system to a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) for moving object avoidance. A CCD camera and a localization system are integrated in the control scheme. The wheeled mobile robot can adjust moving path by the position and heading angle, which are given from the localization system. Dynamic obstacle avoidance strategy is implemented in fuzzy rules. Distance between the WMR and an obstacle, center coordinate, heading angle, and displacement of the obstacle can all be obtained by image process and distance computation algorithm. Experiments show that the WMR can perform dynamic obstacle avoidance successfully.
Lightweight Design of Shipbuilding Gantry Crane Structure Based on FEA
Authors: Yang Ming Liang , Xu Ge Ning , Chang Zheng Yan
Published: April 2011

For the sake of working safely and stable, large-scale shipbuilding gantry crane was designed based on the principle of metal structure:3S,Strength,Stiffness,Stability. The detailed finite element analytical computation was successfully carried out on this structure, the stress and strain distribution of this structure were obtained under various actual operations. On the basis of it, the structural improvement was carried out, the result of design indicated that the stress was evident and the weight was lightened. This laid a foundation for the structure design of large-scale shipbuilding gantry crane.
The Strategic Transformation and Structure Innovation of Xinjiang Tourism
Authors: Sun Hao Jie
Published: April 2011

Xinjiang is rich in tourist resources, and tourism is embracing a good opportunity, taking a trend of sound development. As the scale of tourism expands and the tourist-guest structure changes, Xinjiang tourism must achieve strategic transformation and structure innovation in such aspects as industrial structure, development mode, industrial function, tourist forms and tourism management to realize a leapfrog development.
Effect of Sputtering Parameters on Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of N-Doped TiO2 Films
Authors: Wu Kee Rong , Yeh Chung Wei , Wu Jiing Kae
Published: April 2011

Nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (N-TiO2) films deposited on unheated glass slides at various flow rates of N2 in an atmosphere of Ar and O2 gas mixture by direct current sputtering technique were investigated. The Ti2p, O1s and N1s spectra by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verified N-substitution into TiO2 lattice which is responsible for the band gap narrowing. The oxygen total ratio (rOT) in the gas mixture had profound influence on the photocatalytic properties of the N-doped films. At a ratio of rOT≦0.18, heterogeneous phases, such as titanium oxynitride (TiNxOy) and titanium nitride (TiN), with low crystallinity were formed in the TiO2 lattice, showing low photocatalytic activity. On the other hand, the N-TiO2 films prepared at rOT≧0.20 were found to have improved photocatalytic activity on methylene blue degradation under visible-light irradiation at wavelengths longer than 500 nm, due to the substitutional N ions in the TiO2 lattice.
Predicting the Air-Conditioning Load under Drought Conditions Based on ELM
Authors: Wang Zhao Kun , Zhang Xiao Yang , Lai Ming Yong , Liu Bao Ping
Published: April 2011

In this paper, a model based on ELM is proposed to predict the air-conditioning load under drought conditions by analyzing the daily average air- conditioning load during the drought. The main meteorological factors that impact the air-conditioning load are considered in the model, and then the air-conditioning load under drought conditions can be predicted by training the samples by the single hidden layer feed forward neural network of ELM. Thus, the model is used to provide good theoretical basis for management on the demand side of power sector. Finally, an example is showed to prove that the curve of the air-conditioning load forecasting model and the curve of the actual cooling load of the power are almost consistent, and the prediction is accurate, reliable, and can be applied to other load forecasting.
Programming of Automation and Trace Control for a Snake Form Robot
Authors: Pa Pai Shan , Shyu J.M.
Published: April 2011

The motion system of a toy robotic snake is discussed. This study is expected to provide the best design for this toy and to help widen future application. A mathematical model was constructed after a literature and mechanical design survey. Tribotix AI 1001 motors are used to operate the snake. By an analysis of the mathematical model, transformation of the D-H matrices, and the introduction of forward and inverse kinematics, the relationship between the angle and the coordinate of each section of the robotic snake were determined. The trace curve of a real snake was also studied to arrive at a description of the motion and parameter changes for the robotic snake within a single time unit. MATLAB was used for the simulation and to plot the figures. Experiments and trace analyses were also performed to obtain the design rule and an approach to an improved mechanism for the toy robotic snake. Finally, the experimental results and the possibility of future development are discussed.
A Novel Reconfigurable Cpw-Fed Slot Antenna
Authors: Yang Yong Jie , Sui Hui Jing , Chen Jian Xin
Published: April 2011

A novel low-profile reconfigurable CPW-fed slot antenna that is designed using a half-wavelength slot-line resonator is proposed in this paper. Frequency hopping can be easily achieved by incorporating a pair of PIN diodes, being controlled in either their on or off state. Benefited from the magnetic current distribution of a half-wavelength slot-line resonator, the radiation patterns at the two operating frequencies (1.8GHz and 2.45GHz) are very stable, being almost identical. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated, and the theoretical and measured results are presented and show good agreement.
Steam-Injection Pressing Technology of Man-Made Board
Authors: Li Xin Gong , Zheng Xia , Li Hui
Published: April 2011

Steam-injection pressing technology is a kind of new hot-pressing technology researched and developed in recent years, its hot-pressing performance significantly better than traditional hot-pressing. The technical principle, method and research progress of steam-injection pressing technology was reviewed in detail and its future research trend is also outlined.
Analysis on the Ultrasonic Propagate for Partial Discharge in the Generator Stator Winding
Authors: Yang Yong Ming , Jiang Fan , Zhang Zu Long , Lin Kun Ming
Published: April 2011

When do research on the location of partial discharge in power generator’s stator using ultrasonic sensor, there are many problems exist including that ultrasonic signals detection is not obvious or even ultrasonic sensor can not detect ultrasonic signals. This article researches the location distribution in power generator which is favorable for ultrasonic sensor to receive ultrasonic signals. Put forward a placement method of sensor which is applies to the partial discharge location of power generator basing on sonic pressure distribution of ultrasonic signal in the stator’s outer, which is obtained by simulating sound field of power generator stator using ANSYS Multiphysics. The placement method of sensor has laid the foundation for the future research of the partial discharge location of power generator. Through comparing the simulation results and actual experimental test, the authors find that simulation of sonic pressure is similar to experimental results, proving the placement method is validity.
Back - Analysis of Mechanics Parameters of Tunnel Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Jiang An Nan , Li Peng
Published: April 2011

The geological body has uncertainty and complexity characters, therefore the predesign scheme for construction has blindness. Field measurement and back analysis can help identify rock mass parameters in actual engineering field. The paper combines an intelligent optimization arithmetic-particle swarm optimization (PSO) and 3-D fast Lagrange numerical method to construct a parameters back analysis method for underground engineering. The PSO has global robust optimization property and overcomes the conventional optimization method problem of being limited in local optimization. The FISH language is used to develop the PSO arithmetic and is embedded in the business software- FLAC-3D. The method is used in Dalian Metro construction and it proves that this method has not only fast convergence speed but also high prediction. It offers a new idea to geotechnical parameters identification.
Plantar Pressure Distribution Character of Diabetic Foot in Young Patients during Normal Gait
Authors: Rong Ming , Gu Yao Dong , Li Jian She
Published: April 2011

This study aims to investigate and compare the influence of plantar loading variables during gait of patients with diabetic in young ages. Subjects were divided into the following two groups: diabetic foot, 56 subjects; control group, 52 subjects. Plantar pressure distribution was measured during barefoot gait using the Novel emed platform. Both midfoot and lateral forefoot regions’ peak pressure in the diabetic foot was higher than the normal foot. Also, diabetic foot group experienced significantly higher in pressure-time integral and contact time. Those variables provided an indication of plantar loading behavior over time, and other kinesiological factors like joint deformities and mobility can be investigated in further study.
The Economic Evaluation System of the Highway Construction Projects Feasibility Study and its Computer Program Processing
Authors: Li Ming Shun , Wang Hong Yu , Ren Min
Published: April 2011

Based on the theory of the current economic evaluation of the highway construction projects, the author makes clear and demonstrates the computer program processing and the principle of designing the models of the Economic Evaluation System of the Highway Construction Projects in this paper, and concisely introduces the clew to design the system, the constitutes and functions of the system and the key technology. Finally, the author designs the computer implementation program taking the computation of economic evaluation internal returns ratio target as the example, and carries on the confirmation by the project example computation.
Design and Application of BOM Architecture in Electric Cabinet Company
Authors: Liu Bing Feng
Published: April 2011

Single-piece-small-batches are typical in electric cabinet company. It results in huge BOM (bill of material) data. The article analyzes the product processes in electric cabinet company and presents BOM architecture. It is consist of design BOM, parameter BOM, manufacturing BOM, purchasing BOM and cost BOM, which simplifies BOM management and storage. BOM is denoted as weight number tree. Tuples are put forward to express the tree and the structure is converted to relational database storage. It is applied to express node query and checksum algorithms with structure query language, which proves the tuples maintainability. On this basis, BOM management system is established. Enterprise applications show that a feasible plan for electric cabinet company BOM management is presented.
Mathematical Model for Evaluating Cylindricity Errors by Maximum Inscribed Cylinder
Authors: Liu Ping , Miao Hui Yi
Published: April 2011

An unconstrained optimization model applicable to radial deviation measurement is established for assessing cylindricity errors by the maximum inscribed cylinder evaluation. The properties of the objective function in the optimization model are thoroughly researched. On the basis of the modern theory of convex functions, it is strictly proved that the objective function is a continuous and non-differentiable and convex function defined on a subset of the four-dimensional Euclidean space. The minimal value of the objective function is unique and any of its minimal point must be its global minimal point. Any existing optimization algorithm, so long as it is convergent, can be used to solve the objective function to get the wanted values of cylindricity errors by the maximum inscribed cylinder assessment. An example is given to verify the theoretical results presented.
Predicting Model of Blanking Process Noise by Hardness of Sheet Metals
Authors: Dai Y.D. , Lu X.F.
Published: April 2011

Based on relation between blanking pressure and materials’ mechanical properties, mainly HV hardness and tensile strength of sheet metals, a model of maximum blanking process noise emission presented in previous paper was further deduced mathematically, then two new predicting models were obtained. In order to test these two predicting models, corresponding experimental studies have been done using HV hardness and tensile strength of selected sheet steels, sheet aluminum and sheet coppers. Final results show that the established 3 models are correct, among which the predicting method using HV hardness of sheet metals is the most simple and practical method. Consequently, a simple and feasible method is presented to predict maximum blanking process noise emission by using sheet metals’ mechanical properties.
WDM Node Structure with GMPLS Technology in Optical Transport Networks
Authors: Zhang Ning , Ge Mao Chang
Published: April 2011

With the rapid development of optical network technology, a thing worth noting is the generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) technology in optical network has been more used, mainly in auto-switching transmission network. GMPLS is an advanced protocol which is essential for managing a diverse and complex networks, GMPLS has caused technical challenges in its deployment in optical networks. In this paper, we analyze the evolution to optical network, and discuss the GMPLS technology and its applications. GMPLS will become the important protocol in future optical network.
Control Spatial Load Allocation and Resource Usage in Optical Communication Network
Authors: Zhang Ning , Xu Xue Mei
Published: April 2011

In this paper, a new design for the network traffic balance method is presented. In optical network, the wavelength is one of the most important resources, and wavelength assignment is one of the main factors that affect the efficiency of the network utilization. The performance optimization of networks is actually a control problem. Traffic engineering should provide sufficient control in an adaptive feedback control system. The tasks of a controller consist of the modification of traffic management parameters, the modification of routing parameters, and modifications of resource attributes and constraints. With the traffic balance, the network operation will be more efficient and the network blocking may decrease.
Remote Sensing Image Segmentation Based on Region-Split and Graph Cut
Authors: Jiang Hua , Wen Jing
Published: April 2011

According to the features of HVS, the algorithm uses region-split method to segment the remote sensing image into a large number of small regions. By integrating gray feature and spatial location of each region, NC is used to segment the image among regions from global view, by which the final segmented image can be generated. Experimental results show that comparing with the traditional NC, operating speed is significantly improved as getting close segmentation quality, and this is a kind of effective method of image segmentation.
Business Process Reengineering Based on Workflow Technology
Authors: Yang Huan Chun
Published: April 2011

Faced with the impact of increasingly demand of customers, competitions and frequent changes, the contemporary enterprises must carry out deep analysis on the traditional working and organizing ways of enterprises, fundamental rethink and thoroughly redesign the enterprise's business process, integrate a series activities of cross-functional and cross-border involved in the process from the aspect of meeting the demand of internal activities and the needs for external customers. This article first carries out analysis on the workflow technology, life cycle, Business Process Reengineering and implementation stages, concludes that workflow technology can better support all stages of Business Process Reengineering and better realize the process management and control. Finally, this article makes a detailed description on the relevant work, methods and tools of all implementation stages in Business Process Reengineering based on workflow technology.
A Novel Unsymmetrical Photochromic Diarylethene
Authors: Liu Wei Jun , Lu Yan , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: April 2011

A novel unsymmetrical diarylethene derivative bearing both phenyl and thiophene moieties, in which a chlorine group was substituted at the para-positions of the terminal phenyl ring, was synthesized. At the same time, its photochromic properties and fluorescence switch were investigated in detail. The results showed that this compound exhibited reversible photochromism, undergoing reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light both in solution and in PMMA film, and its absorption maxima were observed at 541 nm in hexane and at 550 nm in PMMA amorphous film, respectively, upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light. The fluorescence intensity of diarylethene decreased dramatically along with the photochromism from open-ring isomer to closed-ring isomer upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light in PMMA. In hexane solution, the open-ring isomer of the diarylethene 1 exhibited relatively strong fluorescence at 462 nm when excited at 316 nm.