bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Approach for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis: A Case Study of Hotel Reviews
Authors: Namee Khanista , Polpinij Jantima , Luaphol Bancha
Published: August 2022

This study presents a method of aspect-based sentiment analysis for customer reviews related to hotels. The considered hotel aspects are staff attentiveness, room cleanliness, value for money and convenience of location. The proposed method consists of two main components. The first component is used to assemble relevant sentences for each hotel aspect into relevant clusters of hotel aspects using BM25. We developed a corpus of keywords called the Keywords of Hotel Aspect (KoHA) Corpus, and the keywords of each aspect were used as queries to assemble relevant sentences of each hotel aspect into relevant clusters. Finally, customer review sentences in each cluster were classified into positive and negative classes using sentiment classifiers. Two algorithms, Support Vector Machines (SVM) with a linear and a RBF kernel, and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) were applied to develop the sentiment classifier models. The model based on SVM with a linear kernel returned better results than other models with an AUC score of 0.87. Therefore, this model was chosen for the sentiment classification stage. The proposed method was evaluated using recall, precision and F1 with satisfactory results at 0.85, 0.87 and 0.86, respectively. Our proposed method provided an overview of customer feelings based on score, and also provided reasons why customers liked or disliked each aspect of the hotel. The best model from the proposed method was used to compare with a state-of-the-art model. The results show that our method increased recall, precision, and F1 scores by 2.44%, 2.50% and 1.84%, respectively.
Polyethylene glycol induced water stress in maize seedlings and evaluation of antioxidant defense mechanisms
Authors: Lama Rohini , Chakraborty Usha
Published: August 2022

Maize is one such crop, the production of which is highly challenged due to water shortage and soil water losses. The present study was undertaken on artificially induced water stress of maize in vitro, where stress was applied with PEG-6000 on one week old seedlings of four varieties BN 10, Dhanya. Kaveri-Super 244, and Swarna for 3, 5 and 7 days. The activity of antioxidative enzyme like peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase was assayed in the stressed and control plants. Peroxidase activity decreased on the 7th day in Dhanya and Swarna but in BN 101 and Super 244 the activity decreased slightly on the 5th day and increased again on the 7th day. Ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase showed a similar trend where the activity decreased after a certain period of stress. Similar trend was seen for GR activity too in case of Dhanya and Swarna. But in BN 101 and Super 244 there was an increase in the activity with the increase in the period of stress. Catalase activity declined during stress in Dhanya and Swarna while the other two varieties showed an increase during stress. Other than enzymatic activities, various biochemical analyses like proline, ascorbate, chlorophyll was also carried out. With the increase in intensity of drought there was an increase in both proline and ascorbate content in all. A significant increase in the ascorbate content was observed in BN 101 and super 244, H202, accumulation and lipid peroxidation showed an increase during stress in Dhanya and Swarna but no increase was seen in the other two varieties. Chlorophyll content showed a decline during the period of drought when compared to the control plants of all varieties. Enzymatic activity and biochemical tests show that Dhanya and Swarna are susceptible to drought stress than super 244 and BN 101 which are the tolerant varieties.
Root colonization of mandarin plants grown in orchards of Darjeeling hills and plains with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their effects on plant growth
Authors: Allay Sanjita , De Uttanka Kumar , Chakraborty Biswanath
Published: August 2022

Citrus reticulata is an ancient commercial crop being cultivated in Darjeeling-Sikkim hills. Many diseases are prevalent in mandarin plants, out of them, bacterial & fungal diseases are mostly dangerous. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi were screened from rhizosphere of mandarin plants from the four different regions using wet sieving and decanting method. Microscopical observation revealed the presence of different genus of AM fungi present in the root as hyphae, spores and sporocarp. Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum, G. aggregatum, G. badium. G. constrictum, G. versiforme, Gigaspora gigantea, G. margarita, Acaulospora capsicula, A. bireticulata, Sclerocystis and Scutellospora rubra were found to be dominant in all the soil samples of mandarin. Species of Glomus were found to be high in both hilly and foothill regions. Glomus mosseae and G. fasciculatum were selected for mass multiplication in maize plant in pots. Histopathological study of root showed the presence of vesicles and arbuscules. AMF infection and total number of spores per 100 gram of soil were recorded. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of AMF spores of mandarin revealed clear morphology, spore wall characters and hyphal attachment of spores. Total phosphate content of the soil, soil analysis and enzyme activities in roots and leaves of mandarin plant from the different regions were studied. Three major defense enzymes peroxidase, chitinase and β- 1,3- glucanase showed enhanced activities and the total phosphate content also decreased in soil with respect to control. Present study evaluates the effect of AMF in plant growth and phosphate solubilization.
ROS production, H2O2 detection and biochemical characterization of water stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties
Authors: Pradhan Bhumika , Chakraborty Usha
Published: August 2022

One month old plant of four varieties (MW, KD, GY and GN) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was taken and subjected to water stress for 3, 6 and 9 days. RWC was found to be higher in case of GY and KD when compared to MW and GY. There was an initial enhancement in the activities of all five tested antioxidative enzymes- peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase in K and GN varieties, while in MW and GY, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase showed a decline at all periods of water stress. Peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities increased even on 9th day of stress in K and GN, but all other activities showed a decline after 3 days of stress. The accumulation of H202, showed an increase with increasing days of water stress but in K and GN there was a decline during prolonged water stress. Lipid peroxidation increased significantly which was higher in case of MW and GY. With increase in the duration of water stress proline, phenol and ascorbate content increased. Higher values of MSI and total antioxidant were observed in the cultivar KD and GY with increase in the severity of water stress than in MW and GY. After an initial enhancement the content of carotenoid increased followed by a decline. Total chlorophylls showed a general decline during water stress, but the ratio of chla/b showed an initial increase in the 3rd day of water stress which declined during the latter stages of water stress. Results of the present study indicate that two of the varieties- MW and GY are susceptible to water stress, while the other two-K and GN is tolerant.
Efficiency and effectiveness of physical and chemical mutagens in Trigonella foenum graecum L
Authors: Rajkumari Jinu Devi
Published: August 2022

Trigonella foemum graecum L was utilized to study the Chlorophyll mutations, mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness by physical mutagen gamma rays and chemical mutagen EMS. The frequency of chlorophyll mutation in M1 & M2 generation were more in gamma treated plants but the mutation spectra and mutagenic efficiency of EMS was higher than gamma. The most efficient mutagens were 0. 02% EMS, 0.06% EMS and 3KR gamma radiation to induce mutation in T. foenum graceum L.
Acknowledging Empty Nest Syndrome: Easternand Western Perspective
Authors: Randhawa Mandeep , Kaur Jaismeen
Published: August 2022

Dorothy Canfield coined “Empty Nest” terminology in her book (Mothers and Children, 1914). Empty Nest is the phase that begins along with the contraction stage of the family life cycle in which children move out of their parental home to relocate either to a different city or country for educational and professional purposes. There are two sides to Empty Nest: some parents grow as individuals and as a couple after the contraction phase, while others struggle to adjust during this time. Therefore, when parents struggle to adjust to the contraction phase, they experience Empty Nest Syndrome. There is a stew of studies explaining the psychological and physical symptoms that predict the manifestation of Empty Nest Syndrome among parents. All the studies are from various parts of the world, with different perspectives and approaches to parenting and the Empty Nest Phase. Despite differences, the world has followed the same family pattern for generations. Hence, the objective of the present piece of paper is to analyse the extensive review of literature about different perspectives on Empty Nest Syndrome for a better understanding of the Empty Nest phase in the eastern and western world.
Confluence of Triguna and PERMA Model: An Empirical Validation
Authors: Pandey Shivangi , Dubey Anubhuti
Published: August 2022

Indigenous Vedic perspective of Triguna delineates the tri-dimensional classification of personality (sattvika, rajasika, and tamasika), whereas Seligman’s PERMA model describes that flourishing emerges from five components of wellbeing: positive emotion (P), engagement (E), relationships (R), meaning (M) and accomplishment (A). The present study aims to examine the relationship between Triguna (i.e. sattvika, rajasika, and tamasika) and five components of PERMA model. Vedic Personality Inventory and the PERMA Profiler were administrated on 60 participants (males=30, females=30) aged 18-45 years. The findings indicated that sattvika was positively correlated with all the five components of PERMA, whereas rajasika was negatively correlated with positive emotion, relationships, meaning and accomplishment components and tamasika was negatively correlated with all five PERMA components. The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that sattvika positively explained 45% variance in positive emotion, 20% in relationships, 11% in meaning and 26% in accomplishment. The tamasika negatively accounted for 6% variance in positive emotion and 31% in meaning.
Deep Sustainability: The UN Sustainable Developmet Goals versus the Unworkable UN System
Authors: Martin Glen T
Published: August 2022

Deep Sustainability refers to integration of human beings into the biosphere of planet Earth through a fundamental transformation of culture, spirit, and civilization, including our ways of doing science, business, education, and commerce. The latest assessment of our planetary environmental situation by scientists and environmental experts paints a frightening picture of the consequences should we fail to reach such a deep level of sustainability. Many of the SDGs such as ending poverty and converting civilization to sustainable extraction production, consumption, transportation and disposal are on the mark, but we have seen that they cannot be achieved under the unworkable UN system. Change the design of the system and you change the likely consequences of the system. It is as simple as that—and as profound as that. The Constitution for the Federation of Earth is a blueprint for human survival and flourishing. It is very brief, concise, and clearly designed. We can replace the unworkable UN Charter with the Earth Constitution and integrate all the valuable agencies of the UN into the emerging world federation. This is the way forward for humanity. Indeed, it is the only way to survive as a species within the limited time-frame available to us. Deep sustainability means real transformation of a broken world system. Deep sustainability means human coherence and synergy for truly addressing our most fundamental problems. Deep sustainability means ratifying the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.
Body Image and Self- Esteem in girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Indian Scenario
Authors: Kriti Vibha , Kumari Shilpa , Joshi Sobhana
Published: August 2022

Polycystic Ovary syndrome is common endocrine disorder generally found in girls of reproductive age which adversely cause metabolic, endocrine, reproductive and mental health of young girls. It has long-term consequences associated with it like diabetes, hypertension, endometrial cancer and coronary artery disease. The prevalence of PCOS is rising in India, which are undergoing rapid transitions due to westernization. Appearance related issues e.g., hirsutism, acne, and obesity, the body image of PCOS women especially young girls (who are more concern for their body) have become more challenging. Thus the girls with PCOS have greater body dissatisfaction and low self esteem as it is exclusively based on body image. Negative perception of body image among PCOS girls include dissatisfaction with appearance, perceived loss of femininity, feeling less sexually attractive, and self-consciousness about appearance. However, due to limited literature on psychosocial impact for girls diagnosed with PCOS, especially in developing countries like India, its significance is still unfathomed. Keeping in mind the importance of body image and self esteem on physical appearance in young girls in the Indian culture the present review was undertaken.
Social Media and Identity Formation – The Influence of Self-Presentation and Social Comparison
Authors: Jeyanthi M
Published: August 2022

For today’s youth, media and technology are major social elements, and they spend a substantial
portion of their daily lives conversing via social media. According to Rideout (2010), youth that use the
media regularly have a large number of friends, get along well with their parents, and are pleased with
their schools and institutions. Those that use the media frequently also say that they get into a lot of
trouble, are frequently upset or unhappy, and are frequently bored. Individuals’ offline contacts with
others decline as their spending on social networking sites increases, meaning that the majority of their
socialising and sociability occurs in the glow of a screen. As a result, social media has the potential to
influence an individual’s psychological well-being, particularly among teens, as well as identity building,
modifying how people see themselves and others. Without needing to meet in person, people can utilise
social networking to create an identity and communicate with others. It offers both chances and obstacles
for developing a consistent, stable, and meaningful sense of self. The paper elucidates the impact of
social media on young people’s self-presentation, social comparison, and self-esteem, as well as how it
affects their identity construction. In today’s technology environment, most studies on social networking
sites have focused on the bad effects. However, this paper focuses on the positive sides of social media
and how it aids in the formation of identity.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA MENIKAH TANPA IZIN DARI ISTRI YANG SAH DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Jannah Hamzah Andi Mursyidatul , Taba Hamzah , Zubaidah Siti
Published: August 2022

This research aims to find out: 1) The elements of Article 279 of the Criminal Code can be proven in court decisions number 190/Pid. B/2017/ PN. Mks 2) the application of sanctions in Article 279 of the Criminal Code in cases of marriage without the wife's permission in Makassar City.

This research method is a type of qualitative research. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data, data from primary legal materials in the form of court decisions and laws and secondary legal materials referring to books, journals and other readings obtained from interviews with the Panel of Judges, Public Prosecutors, Police Investigators , Head of KUA, and Imam of Kelurahan to complete the required information.

The results of this research indicate that: 1) Specifically the defendant in the court decision number 190/Pid. B/2017/ PN. Mks is considered to have fulfilled the elements of Article 279 Paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code after the Public Prosecutor was able to prove it with evidence in the form of witness statements, letters and statements from the defendant which were mutually compatible. 2) The application of sanctions in Article 279 of the Criminal Code in cases of marriage without the wife's permission in this study the criminal penalty applied is imprisonment. Based on the theory of sentencing theory, the judge's verdict on the criminal act of marrying without the wife's permission is more likely to be in accordance with the relative theory or purpose (Doel Theorien). In addition, differences in the application of criminal sanctions (disparity) were also found. This happened apart from the judge's consideration factor, the disparity was also inseparable from the Public Prosecutor's demand factor.
O dizível das pesquisas em educação musical: abordagem (auto)biográfica na produção acadêmica
Authors: Marques Mônica Luchese , Madeira Ana Ester Correia , Pedrollo Silani , Mateiro Teresa
Published: August 2022

Para saber como as pesquisas (auto)biográficas estão sendo desenvolvidas na educação musical, analisamos 47 teses e dissertações por meio de um estudo de estado do conhecimento. Neste artigo ressaltamos a análise sobre o referencial teórico, a metodologia e aos neologismos formados na interface educação musical e (auto)biografia. Esses trabalhos reforçam a autonomia da educação musical como área de conhecimento, e mesmo diante da contribuição da sociologia, psicologia e filosofia, seus objetos de estudos centram-se em problemáticas e campos empíricos específicos da educação musical. A metodologia dos trabalhos revela uma pluralidade de nomes utilizados que se misturam à abordagem de investigação como: narrativas, biográficas, histórias de vida, história oral, embora percebamos pouca variação de autores(as) para fundamentar. Encontramos seis novos termos com conceitos delineados pelos(as) pesquisadores(as), que contribuem para o vocabulário da área de educação musical, mostram as encruzilhadas conceituais da área e ampliam os caminhos investigativos percorridos.
Pesquisa artística no Brasil: mapas, caminhos e trajetos
Authors: Bragagnolo Bibiana , Pellegrim Sanchez Leonardo
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um mapeamento da produção acadêmica de Pesquisa Artística em música entre os anos de 2010 e 2020. Para tal, foram estabelecidos como locais de busca os anais dos congressos da ANPPOM, SIMPOM e ABRAPEM e os periódicos Música Hodie, Per Musi, Opus e Vórtex. Ao fim do levantamento foram encontrados 45 artigos que atendiam aos critérios estabelecidos. Essa produção é apresentada e analisada neste artigo a partir de sua natureza e locais de publicação, do referencial teórico utilizado e da análise das palavras-chave. A partir destes três elementos pudemos compreender algumas peculiaridades da Pesquisa Artística em música no Brasil e relacioná-la com a produção fora do país, apresentando-a enquanto termo polissêmico e elencando alguns possíveis caminhos.
Design and application of the Reconfigurable Mobile Manipulator Artifact (RMMA)
Authors: Bostelman Roger , Aboul-Enein Omar , Yoon Soocheol , Li-Baboud Ya-Shian
Published: August 2022

Robot arms onboard mobile bases, or mobile manipulators, are advancing and measurement of these systems is critical for robust safety and performance. As mobile manipulators flexibly fixture (i.e., do not fasten) to a worktable or object, they require advanced systems to measure how well they can perform tasks, such as assembly or inspection. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a measurement concept that uses the NIST-designed, Reconfigurable Mobile Manipulator Artifact (RMMA) as the worktable/object. The RMMA includes fiducials with relatively high uncertainty, as compared to the mobile manipulator pose performance, that are measured using a mobile manipulator wielded camera or laser retroreflector sensor as the end-effector. The intent of developing the RMMA is for mobile manipulator manufacturers, users, and researchers to perform in-situ measurement during production or research for frequent system calibration. This paper describes the RMMA design and past RMMA evaluation using an automatic guided vehicle and a mobile robot, each supporting a six degree-of-freedom industrial robot arm, and RMMA/mobile manipulator ground truth measurement using an optical tracking system, also with relatively high uncertainty as compared to the mobile manipulator.
Gene Ontology Capsule GAN: an improved architecture for protein function prediction
Authors: Mansoor Musadaq , Nauman Mohammad , Rehman Hafeez Ur , Omar Maryam
Published: August 2022

Proteins are the core of all functions pertaining to living things. They consist of an extended amino acid chain folding into a three-dimensional shape that dictates their behavior. Currently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been pivotal in predicting protein functions based on protein sequences. While it is a technology crucial to the niche, the computation cost and translational invariance associated with CNN make it impossible to detect spatial hierarchies between complex and simpler objects. Therefore, this research utilizes capsule networks to capture spatial information as opposed to CNNs. Since capsule networks focus on hierarchical links, they have a lot of potential for solving structural biology challenges. In comparison to the standard CNNs, our results exhibit an improvement in accuracy. Gene Ontology Capsule GAN (GOCAPGAN) achieved an F1 score of 82.6%, a precision score of 90.4% and recall score of 76.1%.
School-Based Suicide Prevention through Gatekeeper Training: The Role of Natural Leaders
Authors: Exner-Cortens Deinera , Baker Elizabeth , Fernandez Conde Cristina , Van Bavel Marisa , Roy Mili , Pawluk Chris
Published: August 2022

One Tier 2 approach to school-based youth suicide prevention is gatekeeper training, where teachers and school staff learn to respond to students in distress. Although promising, implementation-sensitive prevention efforts could be advanced by providing additional training to natural leaders in the school building, so they can support and coach others. The purpose of this study is to describe the development and initial mixed-methods pilot evaluation of a natural leader training to support the real-world implementation of QPR®gatekeeper training, a Tier 2 (selective) intervention. This study underscores the importance of creating implementation approaches to meet the needs of real-world school contexts.
UMA BIBLIOTECA DE DANÇA “MAIS NA CARNE”
Authors: Marques Roberta Ramos
Published: August 2022

Este artigo propõe discutir como os caminhos epistemológicos, artísticos e curatoriais do projeto Biblioteca de Dança, estreado em 2017 na Bahia, e a sua concepção de história da dança podem afetar positivamente a construção do conhecimento sobre a história da dança, bem como o seu ensino. Meu foco recai sobre as versões on-line – em livestreams, vídeos e podcasts – que o projeto explorou no contexto de distanciamento social. Farei uma relação desse projeto com o que Eleonora Fabião (2012) define como a busca por uma historiografia performativa, em que a experiência tem centralidade, que se articula com o conceito de experiência proposto e discutido por Jorge Larrosa (2018).Palavras-chave: Biblioteca de dança; história; historiografia; experiência; educação.
Supramolecular organization of a chromocentric plant nucleus
Authors: Echeverría Olga , de la Espina Susana Moreno Díaz , Jiménez‐García Luis Felipe , Vázquez‐Nin Gerardo H.
Published: July 2002

Cytochemical staining (EDTA procedure for ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and osmium ammine staining), immunocytochemistry (mAbs anti DNA and trimethyl guanosine cap), hypotonic‐formaldehyde fixation and in situ hybridization have been used to study the macromolecular architecture of the interphase nucleus of meristematic cells of a dicotyledon plant with chromocentric nuclei, Chirantodendron pentadactylon. The perichromatin region contains extended chromatin loops, perichromatin fibrils as well as typical and immature perichromatin granules. Hypotonic fixation combined with immunolocalization of trimethyl guanosine cap showed that perichromatin fibrils are associated with snURNPs. These results indicate that in the perichromatin region the splicing of newly synthesized pre‐mRNA is taking place. Thus, the same functions are localized in the perichromatin region of plant and animal cell nuclei. RNA‐containing granules morphologically similar to perichromatin granules, but significantly smaller in size, were found in the interchromatin region. These granules are frequently grouped in clusters. Filaments of extended chromatin pervade the interchromatin region. These observations show that these structures correspond to Lacandonia granules, previously found in some monocotyledons with reticulate nucleus, but not observed in dicotyledons with a chromocentric nucleus. The presence of these granules in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons suggests that they probably constitute an ancestral character of angiosperms. Perichromatin and Lacandonia granules pediculate and irregular in shape corresponding to immature forms are described for the first time in the nucleus of plants. Immunolocalization indicates that the snURNPs are associated with fibrils, interchromatin granules, coiled bodies and nucleolus associated bodies (NABs). Taken as whole these features demonstrate that intense transcription and splicing occur in the ample interchromatin region of meristematic nuclei of Chirantodendron pentadactylon.
Analysis of Nutritional Factors and Physical Conditions Affecting Growth and Monoclonal Antibody Production of the Hybridoma KB‐26.5 Cell Line
Authors: Sanfeliu Anna , Cairó Jordi J. , Casas Carles , Solà Carles , Gòdia Francesc
Published: July 2002

The effect of medium composition and physical conditions on the growth pattern and monoclonal antibody production of the hybridoma cell line KB‐26.5 has been studied in batch and fed‐batch cultures. Different aspects have been analyzed both individually and in combination, as it is expected that not only one component plays a predominant role in this process but a combination of a number of them. Modification of the concentrations of glucose and glutamine, supplementation of the medium with vitamins and amino acids, influence of lactate and ammonium accumulation, and pulse addition of fetal calf serum have been studied in detail, contributing to an improvement in the cell growth and IgG3 production. Finally, the combined effect of all these factors in a fed‐batch culture leads clearly to a major improvement in the cultures, with a 10‐fold increase in the final monoclonal antibody concentration with respect to nonoptimized batch experiments.
Sequential δ‐Integration for the Regulated Insertion of Cloned Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lee Frank W. F. , Da Silva Nancy A.
Published: July 2002

A novel δ‐integration vector was developed to allow the sequential insertion of multiple cloned genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To allow repetitive integrations, the reusable URA3 Blaster selection cassette was employed; the insertions (of CUP1p‐lacZ in this study) were selected using the URA3 marker which was subsequently “popped” out by recombination between flanking direct repeats. Transformants contained only one new integrated copy after the loss of the URA3 marker, and subsequent transformations were effective for the sequential insertion of a series of genes (one at a time) into dispersed chromosomal δ sequences. The structural stability of the integrations was location‐dependent (ranging from 75% to 100% after 50 generations in complex medium with or without gene expression), and the integrations (at least up to five) had no significant effects on the growth of the cells. In addition, β‐galactosidase specific activity levels varied linearly with integrated copy number. The repetitive, regulated nature of integration with this vector is not possible with traditional δ‐integration or other homologous recombination methods, and is promising for fine‐tuning cloned gene copy number and for the insertion of metabolic pathway genes.
Relationship between the tertiary structures of mastoparan B and its analogs and their lytic activities studied by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Yu K. , Kim Y. , Kang S. , Park N. , Shin J.
Published: July 2002

Abstract: Mastoparan B (MP‐B), an antimicrobial cationic tetradecapeptide amide isolated from the venom of the hornet Vespa basalis, is an amphiphilic α‐helical peptide. MP‐B possesses a variety of biological activities, such as mast cells degradation histamine release, erythrocyte lysis and inhibition of the growth of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In order to study the relationship between the structure and the biological activity of MP‐B, we used four analogs by replacing amino acids with alanine. Tertiary structures of MP‐B and its analogs in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE)‐containing aqueous solution have been determined by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The results indicate that [Ala4]MP‐B and [Ala12]MP‐B with higher hydrophobicity adopt a higher content of amphiphilic helical structures, and have better antimicrobial and hemolytic activities than MP‐B. However, [Ala3]MP‐B and [Ala9]MP‐B with lower hydrophobicity have disordered structures. [Ala3]MP‐B and [Ala9]MP‐B have low antimicrobial activity and much less hemolytic activity relative to MP‐B. It is likely that tryptophan residue in MP‐B and appropriate hydrophobicity of MP‐B to induce α‐helical structure is essential for the antibacterial and hemolytic activity of MP‐B. This study can aid understanding of the structure–activity relationship of MP‐B and to design peptides to possess lytic activity.
A new in vitro model for the study of microbial microleakage around dental restorations: a preliminary qualitative evaluation
Authors: Matharu S. , Spratt D. A. , Pratten J. , Ng Y‐L. , Mordan N. , Wilson M. , Gulabivala K.
Published: July 2002

Aim

The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro model to replicate microbial microleakage at a tooth/restoration interface using a constant depth film fermentor (CDFF).

Methodology

Amalgam restorations were placed in machined bovine dentine cylinders and sealed externally with varnish, leaving a 1‐mm perimeter exposed around the tooth/restoration interface. The dentine cylinders were housed in a CDFF and 300‐µm thick microcosm dental plaques were grown over their exposed surfaces. The biofilms were maintained with a mucin‐containing artificial saliva for up to 8 weeks. Cylinders were aseptically removed from the CDFF (at 1, 2, 4, & 8 weeks) and surface‐decontaminated with validated protocols prior to splitting and sampling of apposing amalgam and dentine surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to ascertain the position and structure of the bacterial aggregates. Bacterial viability was determined by vital staining of the bacteria in situ.

Results

At all sampling times, SEM showed cocci, rods and filaments on both amalgam and dentine surfaces; some originated as cascades from the surface biofilm and extended into the tooth/restoration microspace. Vital staining showed the majority of bacteria from both dentine and amalgam surfaces to be viable.

Conclusion

This preliminary investigation showed that the CDFF may be a valuable tool for the in vitro study of the dynamics of microbial microleakage around dental restorations.
Post‐prandial administration of the insulin analogue insulin aspart in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Brunner G. A. , Hirschberger S. , Sendlhofer G. , Wutte A. , Ellmerer M. , Balent B. , Schaupp L. , Krejs G. J. , Pieber T. R.
Published: July 2002

Aims In intensified insulin therapy, the recent development of short‐acting insulin analogues with a very rapid onset of action forces a new discussion in terms of the optimal injection–meal interval. This study evaluated prandial glycaemia in patients with Type 1 diabetes following the subcutaneous injection of soluble human insulin (HI) and the insulin analogue insulin aspart (IAsp) at different injection–meal intervals and investigated whether administration of IAsp after the meal might provide satisfactory metabolic control.

Methods In a randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, four‐period crossover study, 20 Type 1 diabetic patients were investigated. Prandial insulin was administered 15 min before the start of the meal (HI(−15min)), immediately before the meal (HI(0min); IAsp(0min)) and 15 min after the start of the meal (IAsp(+15min)).

Results Plasma glucose excursions from baseline levels during the 4 h (PGexc) were highest with HI(0min) (17.9 mmol.l−1.h; P < 0.05 vs. other treatments) and were not statistically different for HI(−15min), IAsp(0min) and IAsp(15min) (13.6, 11.9 and 14.2 mmol.l−1.h, respectively). Maximum concentration of plasma glucose (PGmax) was lowest with IAsp(0min) (11.2 mmol/l; P < 0.05 vs. other treatments). PGmax was comparable with HI(−15min), HI(0min) and IAsp(+15min) (13.3, 14.1 and 13.2 mmol/l, respectively).

Conclusions With regard to prandial glycaemia IAsp(+15min) is as effective as HI(− 5min) and superior to HI(0min). Thus, post‐prandial dosing of the insulin analogue IAsp offers an attractive and feasible therapeutic option for well‐controlled patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
1.5 μm tunable wavelength filter with wide tuning range and high constant gain using a phase-controlled distributed feedback laser diode
Authors: Numai T. , Murata S. , Mito I.
Published: July 2002

We demonstrate a 1.5 μm tunable wavelength filter which uses a phase-controlled distributed feedback laser diode. Tuning range as wide as 43 GHz (3.4 Å) with 27 dB constant gain has been achieved. A five-channel wavelength selection with less than −10 dB crosstalk is expected with this filter.
Formation of amorphous Ti alloy layers by excimer laser mixing of Ti on AISI 304 stainless-steel surfaces
Authors: Jervis T. R. , Nastasi M. , Zocco T. G. , Martin J. A.
Published: July 2002

We used excimer laser radiation at 308 nm to mix thin layers of Ti into AISI 304 stainless steel. Different numbers of shots at a fluence about twice the threshold for melting varied the amount of mixing. When mixing is sufficiently complete, an amorphous surface layer is formed with Ti substituting for Fe on a one-to-one basis in the alloy. The laser mixing process, unlike Ti ion implantation, does not result in high incorporation of C in the processed layer, although some C from surface and interface contamination is incorporated into the surface layer.
Charge distribution in GaAs-Ga1−xAlxAs heterostructures under an external magnetic field
Authors: Sofo J. O. , Proetto C. R. , Balseiro C. A.
Published: July 2002

We study the charge distribution in GaAs-Ga1−xAlxAs heterostructures under an external magnetic field perpendicular to the interfaces. We obtain the charge-density profile by solving in a self-consistent way the Poisson and Schrödinger equations. Our results show that in a quantum well of Ga1−xAlxAs-GaAs-Ga1−xAlxAs with widths ranging between 70 and 110 Å the charge accumulation is a strongly dependent function of the well width and the external magnetic field.
Superconductivity at 121 K in a new bulk Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O compound
Authors: Eibschütz M. , Van Uitert L. G. , Grader G. S. , Gyorgy E. M. , Glarum S. H. , Grodkiewicz W. H. , Kyle T. R. , White A. E. , Short K. T. , Zydzik G. J.
Published: July 2002

A new superconducting phase with an onset of 123 K and zero resistance at 121 K has been detected in the Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3Oy multiphase system. The composition is reproducible and stable.
High-power operation in self-sustained pulsating AlGaAs semiconductor lasers with multiquantum well active layer
Authors: Tanaka T. , Kawano T. , Kajimura T.
Published: July 2002

Self-sustained pulsating optical power and kink level in AlGaAs semiconductor lasers are remarkably improved by introducing a multiquantum well (MQW) structure in the active layer. Stable fundamental transverse mode operation at output power up to 50 mW and self-sustained pulsation at output power up to 40 mW are obtained simultaneously for MQW lasers with antireflective and high-reflective coatings on the facets. Low-noise characteristics (relative intensity noise of less than 10−13 Hz−1 under 3–4% optical feedback) are obtained in the output power range from 7 to 17 mW in MQW lasers with high-reflective coating on the rear facet. These results suggest that low-noise high-power characteristics can be achieved in self-sustained pulsating lasers with a MQW active layer.
Electronic structure modification induced by ion irradiation during film growth of Cu and Pd
Authors: Parmigiani F. , Kay E.
Published: July 2002

Cu and Pd thin films grown under particular conditions of ion irradiation exhibit a lattice spacing expansion and a high density of lattice defects. As a consequence of this crystallographic disorder the Fermi edge of these systems is located at a higher binding energy, while the electronic core levels are broadened and shifted upward ≊0.35 eV, as shown by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This letter demonstrates that the electronic structure modifications observed in these materials can be accounted for on the basis of the measured lattice parameter and lattice disorder invoking an energy band structure model for fcc metals and self-consistent field wave function computations.
Reduced backgating effect in modulation-doped field-effect transistors by p-n junction isolation
Authors: Patil M. B. , Mui D. , Kalem S. , Morkoç H.
Published: July 2002

Reduced backgating in modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs) is achieved by p-n junction isolation. Before growing buffer layer for transistors, an AlGaAs p-n junction is included for isolating devices. Backgating characteristics are measured as a function of mesa depth and a dramatic reduction in backgating is observed when the mesas reach beyond the p-n junction. The dc performance of the MODFET is found to be comparable to previous results without such a p-n junction. Following this approach, great reduction in crosstalk between devices could be obtained in digital circuits.
Study of shock coalescence in laser-irradiated targets
Authors: Coe S. E. , Willi O. , Afshar-Rad T. , Rose S. J.
Published: July 2002

We report on the first direct experimental observation of the coalescence of two shocks induced by a shaped laser pulse. Optical streak photography of the rear surface of aluminum multiple step targets was used to study the breakout of these shocks and observe their behavior. The experimental results are compared with simulations by a one-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamic code.
Coherent, monolithic two-dimensional (10×10) laser arrays using grating surface emission
Authors: Evans G. A. , Carlson N. W. , Hammer J. M. , Lurie M. , Butler J. K. , Palfrey S. L. , Amantea R. , Carr L. A. , Hawrylo F. Z. , James E. A. , Kaiser C. J. , Kirk J. B. , Reichert W. F. , Chinn S. R. , Shealy J. R. , Zory P. S.
Published: July 2002

Two-dimensional, coherent AlGaAs laser arrays consisting of 100 (10×10) active elements have been fabricated using single quantum well laser structures. A surface relief grating is used both for feedback and outcoupling. The elements of the array are index-guided ridge lasers. In one array design, the elements are coupled laterally by evanescent field overlap while in the second design, the coupling is by Y branches. Longitudinal coherence is achieved by injection coupling. The far field, emanating from a 60 μm by 5 mm aperture, measures 0.01°×1°. Both types of arrays emit more than 1 W peak power. The mode spectrum of the emitted power is contained in a ∼2–3 Å wavelength interval at ∼1 W.
MeV ion implantation of N into Ti for surface hardening
Authors: Cui F. Z. , Vredenberg A. M. , Saris F. W.
Published: July 2002

The microstructural and hardening effects of MeV N+ ion implanted into Ti have been examined and compared to the results of hundred keV implantations. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry shows that concentrations of up to 50 at. % N are easily built up for μm depths in Ti targets. X-ray diffraction gives evidence for the formation of titanium nitride (TiN). An increase in surface hardness of 30% using loads as heavy as 100 g was observed in the MeV-implanted specimens, while no hardening effects could be detected using these loads in the case of implantations with about hundred keV energies. This discovery in which MeV N implantation can form hardened layers of μm thickness on metals with higher load-carrying ability than that of hundred keV implanted species should be able to extend the application scope of the N implantation technique in the metallurgical field.
Measurement of the miscut angle of crystal surfaces vicinal to major crystal planes by x-ray diffractometry at glancing incidence
Authors: Slusky S. E. G. , Macrander A. T.
Published: July 2002

The width of an x-ray diffraction peak is a sensitive function of the angle of incidence when the angle of incidence is less than 1°. Measurements of x-ray diffraction peak widths taken at a glancing angle of incidence can be interpreted to yield information on miscut angles of crystal surfaces relative to major crystal planes. Miscut angles of a few arcminutes can be measured. A high-resolution multiple crystal x-ray diffractometer is necessary to achieve the accuracy of peak width measurement required. The technique is applicable to any crystal. As an example, we discuss the case of a (100) InP surface measured using the highly asymmetric (311) diffraction.
Electromigration studies in amorphous and polycrystalline alloys
Authors: Chisholm M. F. , Aaron D. B. , Wiley J. D. , Perepezko J. H.
Published: July 2002

We report the first direct comparisons of electromigration in amorphous and polycrystalline thin-film samples of the same composition. Matched sample pairs of crystalline and amorphous Cu-Ti alloys were subjected to identical test conditions and tested to failure. It was found that the amorphous alloys tested show approximately one order of magnitude improved resistance to electromigration compared to their crystalline counterparts. The improved performance is attributed to the absence of grain boundary migration paths in the amorphous samples. These findings are consistent with earlier work that showed amorphous alloys to be effective diffusion barriers in thin-film metallization systems.
Magnetoresistance of multiple electron gas wires at the AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerface
Authors: Hundhausen M. , Ichiguchi T. , Shiraki Y.
Published: July 2002

A parallel arrangement of thin wires has been fabricated in the AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs heterostructure with holographic lithography. The observed anisotropy of the conductivity parallel versus perpendicular to the wires proves the existence of isolated conduction paths. Transverse magnetoresistance is negative at 4 K and exhibits a shoulder at a magnetic field, where the diameter of the cyclotron orbit amounts to 90 nm, which is supposed to be the effective wire width.
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study of 1.5 nm ultrathin tunnel oxides of metal-nitride-oxide-silicon nonvolatile memory devices
Authors: Kamigaki Yoshiaki , Minami Shin-ichi , Shimotsu Teruho
Published: July 2002

Metal-nitride-oxide-silicon (MNOS) nonvolatile memory devices have an ultrathin tunnel oxide SiO2 layer and a signal-charge-stored nitride Si3N4 layer. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the cross-sectional structure of MNOS devices has been observed for the first time, including direct observation of tunnel SiO2. The following is revealed: (1) Tunnel SiO2 of 1.5 nm thickness is fabricated very uniformly on the surface of a Si substrate. (2) No mixing of tunnel SiO2 and Si3N4 is observed even though tunnel SiO2 is extremely thin. As a result, we can suggest that tunnel SiO2 in a MNOS device exhibits very stable morphology and stoichiometry characteristics.
Absence of chain oxygen outgassing from ion-bombarded YBa2Cu3O7−x
Authors: Marwick A. D. , Guarnieri C. Richard , Manoyan J. M.
Published: July 2002

We report an investigation of possible oxygen loss from an ion-bombarded YBa2Cu3O7−x superconductor. The chain oxygen sites in thin-film samples were filled with 18O, and the 18O content of the films measured as a function of irradiating ion dose using the 18O(p,α)15N nuclear reaction. Absolute measurement of the 18O concentration was achieved by the use of a Si18O2 standard. No significant change in the 18O concentration was detected after irradiation with 2×1014 2 MeV As ions/cm2, which is a dose sufficient to raise the resistivity of the samples by a factor of 104. We conclude that ion irradiation does not cause oxygen to outgas from the chain sites. This implies that ion bombardment effects in YBa2Cu3O7−x are due to radiation-induced defects.
Annealing studies of YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films
Authors: Shah S. I.
Published: July 2002

I n situ electrical resistance measurements, differential thermal analysis, and x-ray diffraction studies were carried out between room temperature and 950 °C on as-grown amorphous insulating YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films. Results for the phase transformation reaction path are reported in order to optimize the post-deposition annealing process. Amorphous-to-crystalline transformations were observed at 550 °C along with a reversible orthorhombic-tetragonal transition near 670 °C. Eutectic melting above 850 °C was also noted, which restricts the maximum annealing temperature to around 850 °C.
Catastrophic loss of superconductivity in ion-irradiated films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ
Authors: Chrisey D. B. , Summers G. P. , Maisch W. G. , Burke E. A. , Elam W. T. , Herman H. , Kirkland J. P. , Neiser R. A.
Published: July 2002

We have investigated the effects of low fluence (<1014 cm−2 ) 63 MeV H+ and 65 MeV He2+ irradiation of prototype thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ produced by a plasma-arc spray technique. The observed changes in the resistance versus temperature behavior are much more dramatic than that observed for films produced by other techniques and resembles qualitatively a bond percolation threshold. The radiation sensitivity of these plasma-arc spray films is concluded to be due to poor intergranular characteristics. This information is being used to modify the processing steps to improve the properties of films produced by this technique.
Transport measurement of 32 K superconductivity in the Ba-K-Bi-O system
Authors: Jin S. , Tiefel T. H. , Sherwood R. C. , Ramirez A. P. , Gyorgy E. M. , Kammlott G. W. , Fastnacht R. A.
Published: July 2002

We have successfully measured the electrical resistance of Ba-K-Bi-O as a function of temperature and magnetic field, and thus confirmed the existence of superconductivity in the compound by transport measurement. The results from dense, black-colored samples prepared from a starting composition with excess potassium (Ba0.6K1.2BiOx) indicate Tc (onset)∼32 K and Tc (R=0)∼22 K with a slightly negative temperature dependence of normal state resistance [R(300 K)/R(33 K)∼0.8]. The strong field dependence of the superconducting transition (500–1000 Oe/K) indicates the likelihood of a relatively low Hc in Ba-K-Bi-O.
Improved flash γ-ray uniformity using a Bθ lens diode
Authors: Sanford T. W. L. , Halbleib J. A. , Poukey J. W. , Heath C. E. , Mock R. , Bailey V. L. , Proulx G. A. , Spence P. W. , Kishi H.
Published: July 2002

Significantly improved spatial uniformity of bremsstrahlung radiation, relative to a planar-anode diode, is obtained on the 3-MV, 150-kA HELIA accelerator when a Bθ lens diode is used to actively control the high-power electron beam at the exit of a coaxial, magnetically insulated transmission line. The advantage of this diode over other diodes which only passively control the beam is that better radiation uniformity for less beam loss is possible. Measurements taken on HELIA are shown to agree with theoretical expectations.