bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of externally applied magnetic field on the tool wear and surface morphology of Inconel 718 in turning operation
Authors: Waghmode Sukhdev B. , Kallol Anupama N. , Shivakumar S. , Manjunath G. A. , Doiphode Rajendra L. , Chandrashekar A. , Omprakash B. , Razak Abdul , Hasan Nasim
Published: July 2023

This study examined the effect of magnetic field with single point coated‐carbide tool during turning process of Inconel718 (In718). After the turning process, tribological properties (surface roughness and tool wear) and chip morphology were analyzed. Two cylindrical Neodymium (N52) grade permanent magnets are used to apply the magnetic field during the machining. Cutting speed and magnetic field intensity along with constant feed and depth of cut are used to analyze tribological properties along with chip morphology. Experimental results show that 80 m/min cutting speed and 426 Gauss magnetic field has the best results in term of lowest surface roughness and tool wear. Lorentz forces developed due to the applied external magnetic field help to improve surface roughness compared to nonmagnetic field machining. Developed fine particles during the turning process get repulsed in case of magnetic field machining which helps to improve tool wear.
High‐Performance Self‐Powered Broadband Schottky Junction Photodetector Based on Graphene‐Silicon van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Sulaman Muhammad , Bukhtiar Arfan , Deng Bowen , Jalal Abdul , Sandali Yahya , Shah Navid Hussain , Li Chuanbo , Dastgeer Ghulam , Bin Hu
Published: July 2023

The development of information sensing technology depends on overcoming the difficulties of high‐performance broadband photodetection by developing novel devices that incorporate new materials and structural innovations. The combination of silicon with two‐dimensional materials has made a breakthrough in the discoveries of high‐speed, highly sensitive, low‐power broadband photodetectors. Graphene (Gra) is an attractive 2D material because of its unique optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Over a wide spectral range, the coupling of Gra and Si can exhibit appealing photosensing behavior. Herein, a high‐performance, self‐powered broadband Schottky junction photodetector formed by the van der Waals stacking of Gra over the n‐Si substrate is demonstrated. The device exhibits a remarkable broadband spectral response from the visible (405 nm) range to the infrared region (1,550 nm). The remarkable values of responsivity, detectivity, and external quantum efficiency of 300 mA W−1, 3.37×1011 Jones, and 90% are achieved, respectively, at 532 nm illumination with a fast rise time of 320 μs. The high‐speed, broadband photoresponse and economical manufacturing of this device make it a potential candidate for the optoelectronics market.
Recent Advances in Multifunctional Photothermal Materials for Solar‐Driven Steam and Energy Generation
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Sohail , Arshad Naila , Tao Junyang , Irshad Muhammad Sultan , Li Jinhua , Wang Xianbao
Published: July 2023

Solar‐driven evaporation technology is rejuvenated by multifunctional photothermal materials into complimentary energy conversion applications. These multifunctional materials endow broadband solar absorptions, chemical/physical stability, porous, and active sites for in ‐situ photodegradation with exceptional solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiencies. The structural configuration of evaporation structures is significantly improved by effective thermal management and salt‐resistant water channels with balanced relation between evaporation flux and water intake. These attributes lead this technology to higher evaporation rates and complimentary applications such as waste heat recovery to thermoelectricity, salt collection from seawater, and micro‐organism disinfection from wastewater. This review comprehensively reports the recent advances in state‐of‐the‐art multifunctional materials, novel evaporation designs with significant structural optimization, and their small‐scale prototypes. The current challenges, origins, and possible solutions are provided. This systematic review inspires the nanoresearch community to push forward solar‐driven evaporation technology with superb complimentary energy conversion applications.
Artificial intelligence‐based blockchain solutions for intelligent healthcare: A comprehensive review on privacy preserving techniques
Authors: Gami Badal , Agrawal Manav , Mishra Deepak Kumar , Quasim Danish , Mehra Pawan Singh
Published: July 2023

While blockchain technology (BT) is considered secure, there are several vulnerabilities that can breach its security. The study in artificial intelligence (AI) and BT is widely popular due to its expanding importance in enhancing security and computational prowess. In this study, we present a comprehensive and meticulous comprehensive review of AI and BT‐based privacy‐preserving smart healthcare. The selection for this study was based on a holistic and integrated approach which involved examining not only individual studies but also their relationships, and trends. Through a systematic analysis of various phases, we identified 91 primary studies pertaining to information needed to stockpile directions called for retorting the research queries. We have undertaken a descriptive comparison of foundational manuscripts, taking into account an array of essential factors, including performance metrics, security protocols, and computational prowess. Our thorough discussions and debates have led to the identification of research gaps in the current manuscript, as well as the direction for future research. We also propose our constructive approach for the aforementioned integration, highlighting its potential benefits and implications.
Toward high‐efficiency photovoltaics‐assisted electrochemical and photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction: Strategy and challenge
Authors: Cho Jin Hyuk , Ma Joonhee , Kim Soo Young
Published: July 2023

The realization of a complete techno‐economy through a significant carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction in the atmosphere has been explored to promote a low‐carbon economy in various ways. CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RRs) can be induced using sustainable energy, including electric and solar energy, using systems such as electrochemical (EC) CO2RR and photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems. This study summarizes various fabrication strategies for non‐noble metal, copper‐based, and metal–organic framework‐based catalysts with excellent Faradaic efficiency (FE) for target carbon compounds, and for noble metals with low overvoltage. Although EC and PEC systems achieve high energy conversion efficiency with excellent catalysts, they still require external power and lack complete bias–free operation. Therefore, photovoltaics, which can overcome the limitations of these systems, have been introduced. The utilization of silicon and perovskite‐based solar cells for photovoltaics‐assisted EC (PV‐EC) and photovoltaics‐assisted PEC (PV‐PEC) CO2RR systems are cost‐efficient, and the III–V semiconductor photoabsorbers achieved high solar‐to‐carbon efficiency. This work focuses on PV‐EC and PV‐PEC CO2RR systems and their components and then summarizes the special cell configurations, including the tandem and stacked structures. Additionally, the study discusses current issues, such as low energy conversion, expensive PV, theoretical limits, and industrial scale–up, along with proposed solutions.
‘All Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children should have access to the ASQ‐TRAK’: Shared vision of an implementation support model for the ASQ‐TRAK developmental screener
Authors: D'Aprano Anita , Hunter Sue‐Anne , Fry Rebecca , Savaglio Melissa , Carmody Sarah , Boffa John , Cooke Louise , Dent Abigail , Docksey Amanda , Douglas Josie , Dunn Adam , Halfpenny Nick , Hewett Meg , Lipscomb Adrienne , Manahan Esmai , Morton Belinda , Mosse Holly , Ross Dawn , Skouteris Helen
Published: July 2023

Issue Addressed

The ASQ‐TRAK, a strengths‐based approach to developmental screening, has high acceptability and utility across varied Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander contexts. While substantive knowledge translation has seen many services utilise ASQ‐TRAK, we now need to move beyond distribution and support evidence‐based scale‐up to ensure access. Through a co‐design approach, we aimed to (1) understand community partners' perspectives of barriers and enablers to ASQ‐TRAK implementation and (2) develop an ASQ‐TRAK implementation support model to inform scale‐up.

Methods

The co‐design process had four phases: (i) partnership development with five community partners (two Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisations); (ii) workshop planning and recruitment; (iii) co‐design workshops; and (iv) analysis, draft model and feedback workshops.

Results

Seven co‐design meetings and two feedback workshops with 41 stakeholders (17 were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander), identified seven key barriers and enablers, and a shared vision – all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and their families have access to the ASQ‐TRAK. Implementation support model components agreed on were: (i) ASQ‐TRAK training, (ii) ASQ‐TRAK support, (iii) local implementation support, (iv) engagement and communications, (v) continuous quality improvement and (vi) coordination and partnerships.

Conclusions

This implementation support model can inform ongoing processes necessary for sustainable ASQ‐TRAK implementation nationally. This will transform the way services provide developmental care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, ensuring access to high quality, culturally safe developmental care.

So What?

Well‐implemented developmental screening leads to more Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children receiving timely early childhood intervention services, improving developmental trajectories and optimising long‐term health and wellbeing.
Towards equitable dental care in Canada: Lessons from the inception of Medicare
Authors: Cheung Anson , Singhal Sonica
Published: July 2023

Dental care in Canada is primarily financed through private insurance plans and out‐of‐pocket payments. While Canada is internationally recognized for Medicare, a publicly‐funded health insurance system that covers hospital and physician‐provided services at the point of care, it remains one of the least equitable Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries in terms of affordable access to dental care. Approximately one third of Canadians do not have access to dental insurance, including half of low‐income individuals, and individuals with the greatest dental care needs are often unable to reliably access dental services. Select populations—such as children, Indigenous peoples, seniors, and persons living with disabilities—receive some level of publicly‐funded dental services, amounting to approximately 6% of total dental spending nationwide. Despite the evolution of Medicare, dental care has been largely excluded from federal health legislation following World War II. However, in March 2022, the Liberal Party of Canada partnered with the federal New Democratic Party to advance common legislative goals, including a long‐term nationwide dental program for low‐ and middle‐income families. As an interim measure, Bill C‐31 was signed into law on 17 November 2022, and created the Canada Dental Benefit, which provides a fixed transfer payment to individuals with an annual household income under $90,000. This commentary reviews the origins of Canadian Medicare, discusses the factors that led to the continued exclusion of dental care from federal health legislation, examines the newly‐minted Canada Dental Benefit, and explores the potential for expanded public funding in Canadian dental care.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on school‐level scholarly outcomes and research focus of pharmacy practice faculty
Authors: Adeosun Samuel O. , Ahmed Zena R.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on scholarly outcomes and research focus of schools of pharmacy (SOPs) have not been studied.

Objectives

To determine how objective measures of scholarly outcomes and research focus changed in pharmacy practice among SOPs, within geographic regions, during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

SOPs were included if they appeared on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding list in all four index years (2018–2019: pre‐pandemic and 2020–2021: pandemic) and ranked among the top 50 at least once between 2018 and 2021. Names of pharmacy practice faculty were obtained from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) directory. The publication records of each SOP were obtained from Scopus. Scholarly outcome measures were scholarly activity ratio (SAR; proportion of faculty members who published) and scholarly output (SO; number of documents published). Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer®, and Python. Statistical analysis was done in R using a mixed effects model, with the pandemic and geographic regions as fixed effects, and SOPs as the random effect.

Results

Fifty‐five SOPs and 1343 faculty members were included. Neither the pandemic nor geographic region had significant effects on SAR. However, both variables had significant effects on SO, as demonstrated by an increase in the Midwest during the pandemic (p < 0.05). Documents published increased from 2755 to 3001 during the pandemic. This 8.9% increase was lower than a historical average biennial increase of 24.9%. COVID‐19 was the top new research topic, constituting 56.5% of the increase over the pre‐pandemic period. Of these COVID‐19 publications, 20.9% were education‐related.

Conclusion

Pharmacy practice faculty engaged in COVID‐19 research that focused predominantly on education. Scholarly‐active faculty were resilient, but their output was lower than expected based on historical trends. These results support the need to adjust tenure and promotion benchmarks and/or timelines related to scholarly output, especially for tenure‐track faculty with probationary periods spanning these pandemic years.
Methylglyoxal‐induced neurotoxic effects in primary neuronal‐like cells transdifferentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells: Impact of low concentrations
Authors: Coccini Teresa , Schicchi Azzurra , Locatelli Carlo Alessandro , Caloni Francesca , Negri Sara , Grignani Elena , De Simone Uliana
Published: July 2023

In the last decades, advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) have aroused the interest of the scientific community due to the increasing evidence of their involvement in many pathophysiological processes including various neurological disorders and cognitive decline age related. Methylglyoxal (MG) is one of the reactive dicarbonyl precursors of AGEs, mainly generated as a by‐product of glycolysis, whose accumulation induces neurotoxicity. In our study, MG cytotoxicity was evaluated employing a human stem cell‐derived model, namely, neuron‐like cells (hNLCs) transdifferentiated from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, which served as a source of human based species‐specific “healthy” cells. MG increased ROS production and induced the first characteristic apoptotic hallmarks already at low concentrations (≥10 μM), decreased the cell growth (≥5–10 μM) and viability (≥25 μM), altered Glo‐1 and Glo‐2 enzymes (≥25 μM), and markedly affected the neuronal markers MAP‐2 and NSE causing their loss at low MG concentrations (≥10 μM). Morphological alterations started at 100 μM, followed by even more marked effects and cell death after few hours (5 h) from 200 μM MG addition. Substantially, most effects occurred as low as 10 μM, concentration much lower than that reported from previous observations using different in vitro cell‐based models (e.g., human neuroblastoma cell lines, primary animal cells, and human iPSCs). Remarkably, this low effective concentration approaches the level range measured in biological samples of pathological subjects. The use of a suitable cellular model, that is, human primary neurons, can provide an additional valuable tool, mimicking better the physiological and biochemical properties of brain cells, in order to evaluate the mechanistic basis of molecular and cellular alterations in CNS.
A performance evaluation of sthemO 301 coagulation analyzer and associated reagents
Authors: Pontis Adeline , Delanoe Mélanie , Schilliger Nathalie , Carlo Audrey , Guéret Pierre , Nédélec‐Gac Fabienne , Gouin‐Thibault Isabelle
Published: July 2023

Aim

The study objective was to evaluate the performance of sthemO 301 system and to compare it with the analyzer used in our university hospital laboratory (STA R Max® 2), for a selection of hemostasis parameters.

Methods

Method comparison (according to CLSI EP09‐A3), carryover (according to CLSI H57‐A), APTT sensitivity to heparin (according to CLSI H47‐A2), HIL level assessment, and productivity were performed using leftover samples from our laboratory (n > 1000). Commercial quality control materials were used to evaluate precision (according to CLSI EP15‐A3) and accuracy. The assays tested on sthemO 301 were: PT, APTT (silica and kaolin activators), fibrinogen (Fib), thrombin time (TT), chromogenic and clotting protein C (PC) activity, and von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) levels.

Results

All intra‐assay and inter‐assay precision CVs were below the maximal precision limit proposed by the French Group for Hemostasis and Thrombosis (GFHT). Accuracy was verified with bias below GFHT criteria and most Z‐scores were between −2 and +2. No clinically relevant carryover was detected. Silica APTT reagent sensitivity to unfractionated heparin was moderate, as expected. Productivity results were consistent over the 10 repeats performed. The overall agreement between the two systems was excellent for all assays, with Spearman rank correlation coefficient all above 0.9 and slopes of Passing–Bablok correlation near 1 and intercepts close to 0.

Conclusion

For the methods tested, sthemO 301 system met all the criteria to implement a novel coagulation analyzer in the laboratory and result comparability with STA R Max® 2 was good.
Ca2+‐activated K+ channels regulate cell volume in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Michelucci Antonio , Sforna Luigi , Di Battista Angela , Franciolini Fabio , Catacuzzeno Luigi
Published: July 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal form of brain tumors, bases its malignancy on the strong ability of its cells to migrate and invade the narrow spaces of healthy brain parenchyma. Cell migration and invasion are both critically dependent on changes in cell volume and shape driven by the transmembrane transport of osmotically important ions such as K+ and Cl−. However, while the Cl− channels participating in cell volume regulation have been clearly identified, the precise nature of the K+ channels involved is still uncertain. Using a combination of electrophysiological and imaging approaches in GBM U87‐MG cells, we found that hypotonic‐induced cell swelling triggered the opening of Ca2+‐activated K+ (KCa) channels of large and intermediate conductance (BKCa and IKCa, respectively), both highly expressed in GBM cells. The influx of Ca2+ mediated by the hypotonic‐induced activation of mechanosensitive channels was found to be a key step for opening both the BKCa and the IKCa channels. Finally, the activation of both KCa channels mediated by mechanosensitive channels was found to be essential for the development of the regulatory volume decrease following hypotonic shock. Taken together, these data indicate that KCa channels are the main K+ channels responsible for the volume regulation in U87‐MG cells.
Isovaleric aciduria identified by newborn screening: Strategies to predict disease severity and stratify treatment
Authors: Mütze Ulrike , Henze Lucy , Schröter Julian , Gleich Florian , Lindner Martin , Grünert Sarah C. , Spiekerkoetter Ute , Santer René , Thimm Eva , Ensenauer Regina , Weigel Johannes , Beblo Skadi , Arélin Maria , Hennermann Julia B. , Marquardt Iris , Freisinger Peter , Krämer Johannes , Dieckmann Andrea , Weinhold Natalie , Schiergens Katharina A. , Maier Esther M. , Hoffmann Georg F. , Garbade Sven F. , Kölker Stefan
Published: July 2023

Newborn screening (NBS) allows early identification of individuals with rare disease, such as isovaleric aciduria (IVA). Reliable early prediction of disease severity of positively screened individuals with IVA is needed to guide therapeutic decision, prevent life‐threatening neonatal disease manifestation in classic IVA and over‐medicalization in attenuated IVA that may remain asymptomatic. We analyzed 84 individuals (median age at last study visit 8.5 years) with confirmed IVA identified by NBS between 1998 and 2018 who participated in the national, observational, multicenter study. Screening results, additional metabolic parameters, genotypes, and clinical phenotypic data were included. Individuals with metabolic decompensation showed a higher median isovalerylcarnitine (C5) concentration in the first NBS sample (10.6 vs. 2.7 μmol/L; p < 0.0001) and initial urinary isovalerylglycine concentration (1750 vs. 180 mmol/mol creatinine; p = 0.0003) than those who remained asymptomatic. C5 was in trend inversely correlated with full IQ (R = −0.255; slope = −0.869; p = 0.0870) and was lower for the “attenuated” variants compared to classic genotypes [median (IQR; range): 2.6 μmol/L (2.1–4.0; 0.7–6.4) versus 10.3 μmol/L (7.4–13.1; 4.3–21.7); N = 73]. In‐silico prediction scores (M‐CAP, MetaSVM, and MetaLR) correlated highly with isovalerylglycine and ratios of C5 to free carnitine and acetylcarnitine, but not sufficiently with clinical endpoints. The results of the first NBS sample and biochemical confirmatory testing are reliable early predictors of the clinical course of IVA, facilitating case definition (attenuated versus classic IVA). Prediction of attenuated IVA is supported by the genotype. On this basis, a reasonable algorithm has been established for neonates with a positive NBS result for IVA, with the aim of providing the necessary treatment immediately, but whenever possible, adjusting the treatment to the individual severity of the disease.
Quantification of pharmaceutical compounds in tissue and plasma samples using selective ion accumulation with multiple mass isolation windows
Authors: Liang Zhongling , Prentice Boone M.
Published: July 2023

Quantification of pharmaceutical compounds using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an alternative to traditional liquid chromatography (LC)‐MS techniques. Benefits of MALDI‐based approaches include rapid analysis times for liquid samples and imaging mass spectrometry capabilities for tissue samples. As in most quantification experiments, the use of internal standards can compensate for spot‐to‐spot and shot‐to‐shot variability associated with MALDI sampling. However, the lack of chromatographic separation in traditional MALDI analyses results in diminished peak capacity due to the chemical noise background, which can be detrimental to the dynamic range and limit of detection of these approaches. These issues can be mitigated by using a hybrid mass spectrometer equipped with a quadrupole mass filter (QMF) that can be used to fractionate ions based on their mass‐to‐charge ratios. When the masses of the analytes and internal standards are sufficiently disparate in mass, it can be beneficial to effect multiple narrow mass isolation windows using the QMF, as opposed to a single wide mass isolation window, to minimize chemical noise while allowing for internal standard normalization. Herein, we demonstrate a MALDI MS quantification workflow incorporating multiple sequential mass isolation windows enabled on a QMF, which divides the total number of MALDI laser shots into multiple segments (i.e., one segment for each mass isolation window). This approach is illustrated through the quantitative analysis of the pharmaceutical compound enalapril in human plasma samples as well as the simultaneous quantification of three pharmaceutical compounds (enalapril, ramipril, and verapamil). Results show a decrease in the limit of detection, relative standard deviations below 10%, and accuracy above 85% for drug quantification using multiple mass isolation windows. This approach has also been applied to the quantification of enalapril in brain tissue from a rat dosed in vitro. The average concentration of enalapril determined by imaging mass spectrometry is in agreement with the concentration determined by LC–MS, giving an accuracy of 104%.
Characteristic response of formulation ingredients revealed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐high resolution mass spectrometry‐based untargeted screening of pesticides in soil
Authors: Ghosson Hikmat , Raviglione Delphine , Salvia Marie‐Virginie , Bertrand Cédric
Published: July 2023

Commercial solutions of pesticides consist of two main components: The active substance and the formulation ingredients. These ingredients, mainly composed of polymeric surfactants, are considered inert vis‐à‐vis the targeted organisms and nature. Nonetheless, a relatively low attention is given to their analysis and fate tracking in the environment. In this context, the current paper, embedded in a large study of fate and impact of formulated pesticides in soil, focuses on the analysis of these formulation ingredients. It mainly highlights and discusses the characteristic response of these ingredients in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based untargeted screening of two commercial herbicides applied on soil. This characteristic response is based on different spectral and chromatographic aspects, as their amplified adducts and double‐charged ions formation, or their “wavy” chromatographic profiles and the inversion of their elution order following the polymerization degree. These patterns are briefly discussed in order to explain them, and then thanks to their understanding, 12 different series (165 compounds) of formulation ingredients were outlined and discriminated from active substance and soil metabolites. After, high‐resolution and tandem mass spectrometry data were investigated for rapid interseries and intraseries identification‐by‐chain. In addition, recommendations for methods development and hints on postanalytical data processing for identity determination of these ingredients are given in order to help in enhancing future studies. Limitations of the applied approach are also outlined, and some innovate suggestions are provided based on the described findings.
Parkinson's disease is positively associated with periodontal inflammation
Authors: Yilmaz Melis , Yay Ekin , Balci Nur , Toygar Hilal , Kılıc Basak Bolluk , Zirh Ali , Rivas Carla Alvarez , Kantarci Alpdogan
Published: July 2023

Background

Parkinson's disease (PA) affects 1% of the global population above 60 years. PA pathogenesis involves severe neuroinflammation that impacts systemic and local inflammatory changes. We tested the hypothesis that PA is associated with periodontal tissue inflammation promoting a greater systemic inflammatory burden.

Methods

We recruited 60 patients with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis (P) with and without PA (n = 20 for each). We also included systemically and periodontally healthy individuals as controls (n = 20). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected to measure the inflammatory and neurodegenerative targets (YKL‐40, fractalkine, S100B, alpha‐synuclein, tau, vascular cell adhesion protein‐1 (VCAM‐1), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurofilament light chain (NfL).

Results

Parkinson's patients in this study had mild to moderate motor dysfunctions, which did not prevent them from performing optimal oral hygiene control. Periodontal parameters and GCF volume were significantly higher in the P and P+PA groups than in the control group. PA was associated with significantly increased bleeding on probing (BOP) compared to P‐alone (p < 0.05), while other clinical parameters were similar between P and P+PA groups. In saliva and serum, YKL‐40 levels were higher in the P+PA group than in P and C groups (p < 0.001). GCF NfL levels from shallow sites were significantly higher in the P+PA group compared to the C group (p = 0.0462). GCF S100B levels from deep sites were higher in the P+PA group than in healthy individuals (p = 0.0194).

Conclusion

The data suggested that PA is highly associated with increased periodontal inflammatory burden—bleeding upon probing and inflammatory markers—in parallel with PA‐related neuroinflammation.
The Relative Citation Ratio: An Impartial Assessment of Productivity in Academic Otolaryngologists
Authors: Mendiratta Dhruv , Herzog Isabel , Vought Rita , Vought Victoria , Singh Rohan , Kodali Nilesh , Patel Prayag , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Quantification of academic productivity relies on bibliometric measurements, such as the Hirsch index (h‐index). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently developed the relative citation ratio (RCR), an article‐level, citation‐driven metric that compares researchers with others within their respective fields. Our study is the first to compare the usage of RCR in academic otolaryngology.

Study Design

Retrospective Database Review.

Methods

Academic otolaryngology residency programs were identified using the 2022 Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database. Demographic and training data were collected for surgeons using institutional websites. RCR was calculated using the NIH iCite tool, and h‐index was calculated using Scopus. Mean RCR (m‐RCR) is the average score of the author's articles. Weighted RCR (w‐RCR) is the sum of all article scores. These derivatives are a measure of impact and output, respectively. The career duration of a physician was categorized into the following cohorts: 0–10, 11–20, 21–30, and 31+ years.

Results

A total of 1949 academic otolaryngologists were identified. Men had higher h‐indices and w‐RCRs than women (both p less than 0.001). m‐RCR was not different between genders (p = 0.083). There was a difference in h‐index and w‐RCR (both p less than 0.001) among the career duration cohorts, but there was no difference in m‐RCR among the cohorts (p = 0.416). The faculty rank professor was the greatest for all metrics (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Critics of the h‐index argue that it is reflective of the time a researcher has spent in the field, instead of impact. The RCR may reduce historic bias against women and younger otolaryngologists.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:592–599, 2024
On the variety of strong subresiduated lattices
Authors: Celani Sergio , Martín Hernán J. San
Published: July 2023

A subresiduated lattice is a pair , whereAis a bounded distributive lattice,Dis a bounded sublattice ofAand for every there exists the maximum of the set , which is denoted by . This pair can be regarded as an algebra of type (2, 2, 2, 0, 0), where . The class of subresiduated lattices is a variety which properly contains the variety of Heyting algebras. In this paper we study the subvariety of subresiduated lattices, denoted by , whose members satisfy the equation . Inspired by the fact that in any subresiduated lattice whose order is total the previous equation and the condition for every are satisfied, we also study the subvariety of generated by the class whose members satisfy that for every .
Subclinical Epileptiform Activity in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Musaeus Christian Sandøe , Kjær Troels Wesenberg , Cacic Hribljan Melita , Andersen Birgitte Bo , Høgh Peter , Kidmose Preben , Fabricius Martin , Hemmsen Martin Christian , Rank Mike Lind , Waldemar Gunhild , Frederiksen Kristian Steen
Published: July 2023

Background

Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) have a higher probability of seizures than in normal aging and in other types of neurodegenerative disorders. Depositions of α‐synuclein, a pathological hallmark of DLB, can induce network excitability, which can escalate into seizure activity. Indicator of seizures are epileptiform discharges as observed using electroencephalography (EEG). However, no studies have so far investigated the occurrence of interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) in patients with DLB.

Objectives

To investigate if IED as measured with ear‐EEG occurs with a higher frequency in patients with DLB compared to healthy controls (HC).

Methods

In this longitudinal observational exploratory study, 10 patients with DLB and 15 HC were included in the analysis. Patients with DLB underwent up to three ear‐EEG recordings, each lasting up to 2 days, over a period of 6 months.

Results

At baseline, IED were detected in 80% of patients with DLB and in 46.7% of HC. The spike frequency (spikes or sharp waves/24 hours) was significantly higher in patients with DLB as compared to HC with a risk ratio of 2.52 (CI, 1.42–4.61; P‐value = 0.001). Most IED occurred at night.

Conclusions

Long‐term outpatient ear‐EEG monitoring detects IED in most patients with DLB with an increased spike frequency compared to HC. This study extends the spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders in which epileptiform discharges occurs at an elevated frequency. It is possible that epileptiform discharges are, therefore, a consequence of neurodegeneration. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Are antidepressants effective in the treatment of depression in the elderly? A critical umbrella review on reviews, methods, and future perspectives
Authors: Hvidberg Michael F.
Published: July 2023

The elderly are currently the most frequent users of antidepressants across ages, despite having a high risk of adverse effects (AEs). This literature review critically reviews the current evidence of the effectiveness of antidepressants and AEs in the elderly and discusses methodological limitations and future directions. Elements of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses and Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes guidelines were applied. Search in Scopus, PubMed, PsycInfo/Ovid, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for relevant systematic‐ and meta‐reviews on effectiveness and AEs studies. Ten reviews were identified and summarized within the last decade. Studies showed only modest superiorities to placebo in response rates if any, and only a few studies reached significant remission. Moreover, there was evidence of lower efficacy for patients over 65. AEs were common and problematic among the elderly in the studies reporting them. The evidence of the benefits of antidepressants in the elderly was weak and alternative treatments are advised. Despite the lack of clear evidence for the efficacy, UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines have not incorporated separate recommendations for the elderly.
A high magnetic field sensitivity PCF‐SPR sensor working in the near‐infrared wavelength band
Authors: Liu Zhiying , Li Hao
Published: July 2023

A novel form of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) magnetic field sensor, utilizing surface plasmon resonance, has been developed and investigated. By depositing a layer of gold onto the interior surface of the left‐sided air hole and introducing magnetic fluid into the aperture to detect magnetic field changes, the plasma resonance effect was ingeniously combined with a dual‐core PCF to achieve magnetic field measurement. The displacement of the loss peak in the output spectrum was observed to gain insights into the magnetic field changes. By means of modulations in the thickness of the gold film, and the spacing and size of the air holes, the optimal parameters for the sensor were obtained. The optimized sensor exhibited a maximum magnetic field sensitivity of up to 6.23 nm/Oe, and the magnetic field detection resolution was approximately 10 μT, enabling precise detection of weak magnetic fields. This fiber sensor boasts a simple structure, ease of production, high sensitivity, and robust environmental adaptability, making it an attractive option for implementation.
Robot‐assisted augmented reality surgical navigation based on optical tracking for mandibular reconstruction surgery
Authors: Shao Long , Li Xing , Fu Tianyu , Meng Fanhao , Zhu Zhihui , Zhao Ruiqi , Huo Minghao , Xiao Deqiang , Fan Jingfan , Lin Yucong , Zhang Tao , Yang Jian
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This work proposes a robot‐assisted augmented reality (AR) surgical navigation system for mandibular reconstruction. The system accurately superimposes the preoperative osteotomy plan of the mandible and fibula into a real scene. It assists the doctor in osteotomy quickly and safely under the guidance of the robotic arm.

Methods

The proposed system mainly consists of two modules: the AR guidance module of the mandible and fibula and the robot navigation module. In the AR guidance module, we propose an AR calibration method based on the spatial registration of the image tracking marker to superimpose the virtual models of the mandible and fibula into the real scene. In the robot navigation module, the posture of the robotic arm is first calibrated under the tracking of the optical tracking system. The robotic arm can then be positioned at the planned osteotomy after the registration of the computed tomography image and the patient position. The combined guidance of AR and robotic arm can enhance the safety and precision of the surgery.

Results

The effectiveness of the proposed system was quantitatively assessed on cadavers. In the AR guidance module, osteotomies of the mandible and fibula achieved mean errors of 1.61 ± 0.62 and 1.08 ± 0.28 mm, respectively. The mean reconstruction error of the mandible was 1.36 ± 0.22 mm. In the AR‐robot guidance module, the mean osteotomy errors of the mandible and fibula were 1.47 ± 0.46 and 0.98 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. The mean reconstruction error of the mandible was 1.20 ± 0.36 mm.

Conclusions

The cadaveric experiments of 12 fibulas and six mandibles demonstrate the proposed system's effectiveness and potential clinical value in reconstructing the mandibular defect with a free fibular flap.
Updated consensus statement: Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders report of the AANEM ad hoc committee
Authors: Tavee Jinny , Brannagan Thomas H. , Lenihan Michael W. , Muppidi Sri , Kellermeyer Liz , D Donofrio Peter ,   AANEM
Published: July 2023

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is an immune‐modulating biologic therapy that is increasingly being used in neuromuscular disorders despite the paucity of high‐quality evidence for various specific diseases. To address this, the AANEM created the 2009 consensus statement to provide guidance on the use of IVIG in neuromuscular disorders. Since then, there have been several randomized controlled trials for IVIG, a new FDA‐approved indication for dermatomyositis and a revised classification system for myositis, prompting the AANEM to convene an ad hoc panel to update the existing guidelines.New recommendations based on an updated systemic review of the literature were categorized as Class I‐IV. Based on Class I evidence, IVIG is recommended in the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Guillain‐Barré Syndrome (GBS) in adults, multifocal motor neuropathy, dermatomyositis, stiff‐person syndrome and myasthenia gravis exacerbations but not stable disease. Based on Class II evidence, IVIG is also recommended for Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome and pediatric GBS. In contrast, based on Class I evidence, IVIG is not recommended for inclusion body myositis, post‐polio syndrome, IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy and small fiber neuropathy that is idiopathic or associated with tri‐sulfated heparin disaccharide or fibroblast growth factor receptor‐3 autoantibodies. Although only Class IV evidence exists for IVIG use in necrotizing autoimmune myopathy, it should be considered for anti‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase myositis given the risk of long‐term disability. Insufficient evidence exists for the use of IVIG in Miller‐Fisher syndrome, IgG and IgA paraproteinemic neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, chronic autoimmune neuropathy, polymyositis, idiopathic brachial plexopathy and diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy.
Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Cancer control and supportive care
Authors: Esbenshade Adam J. , Sung Lillian , Brackett Julienne , Dupuis L. Lee , Fisher Brian T. , Grimes Allison , Miller Tamara P. , Ullrich Nicole J. , Dvorak Christopher C. ,   the Cancer Control and Supportive Care Committee
Published: July 2023

The objective of the Cancer Control and Supportive Care (CCL) Committee in the Children's Oncology Group (COG) is to reduce the overall morbidity and mortality of therapy‐related toxicities in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer. We have targeted five major domains that cause clinically important toxicity: (i) infections and inflammation; (ii) malnutrition and metabolic dysfunction; (iii) chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting; (iv) neuro‐ and oto‐toxicty; and (v) patient‐reported outcomes and health‐related quality of life. Subcommittees for each domain prioritize randomized controlled trials and biology aims to determine which strategies best mitigate the toxicities. The findings of these trials are impactful, informing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and directly leading to changes in the standard of care for oncology practice. With the development of new therapies, there will be new toxicities, and the COG CCL Committee is dedicated to developing interventions to minimize acute and delayed toxicities, lessen morbidity and mortality, and improve quality of life in pediatric and young adult patients with cancer.
Five‐Level Structural Hierarchy: Microfluidically Supported Synthesis of Core–Shell Microparticles Containing Nested Set of Dispersed Metal and Polymer Micro and Nanoparticles
Authors: Mazetyte Raminta , Kronfeld Klaus‐Peter , Köhler Johann Michael
Published: July 2023

This study presents the development of a hierarchical design concept for the synthesis of multi‐scale polymer particles with up to five levels of organization. The synthesis of core–shell microparticles containing nested sets of dispersed metal and polymer micro‐ and nanoparticles is achieved through in situ photopolymerization using a double co‐axial capillaries microfluidic device. The flow rates of the carrier, shell, and core phases are optimized to control particle size and result in stable core–shell particles with well‐dispersed three‐level composites in the shell matrix. The robustness and reversibility of these core–shell particles are demonstrated through five cycles of drying and re‐swelling, showing that the size and structure of core–shell particles remain unchanged. Additionally, the permeability and mobility of dye molecules within the shell matrix are tested and showed that different molecular weight dyes have different penetration times. This study highlights the potential of microfluidics as a powerful tool for the controlled and precise synthesis of complex structured materials and demonstrates the versatility and potential of these core–shell particles for sensing applications as particle‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
Accuracy of lung ultrasound in predicting extubation failure in neonates: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mohsen Nada , Solis‐Garcia Gonzalo , Jasani Bonny , Nasef Nehad , Mohamed Adel
Published: July 2023

Objective

To systematically review and meta‐analyze the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in predicting extubation failure in neonates.

Study Design

MEDLINE, COCHRANE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to 30 November 2022, for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of LUS in predicting extubation outcome in mechanically ventilated neonates.

Methodology

Two investigators independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed study quality using the Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy 2 tool. We conducted a meta‐analysis of pooled diagnostic accuracy data using random‐effect models. Data were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. We calculated pooled sensitivity and specificity, pooled diagnostic odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and area under the curve (AUC).

Results

Eight observational studies involving 564 neonates were included, and the risk of bias was low in seven studies. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for LUS in predicting extubation failure in neonates were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75−0.88) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78−0.86), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 21.24 (95% CI: 10.45−43.19), and the AUC for LUS predicting extubation failure was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80−0.95). Heterogeneity among included studies was low, both graphically and by statistical criteria (I2 = 7.35%, p = 0.37).

Conclusions

The predictive value of LUS in neonatal extubation failure may hold promise. However, given the current level of evidence and the methodological heterogeneity observed, there is a clear need for large‐scale, well‐designed prospective studies that establish standardized protocols for lung ultrasound performance and scoring.

Registration

The protocol was registered in OSF (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZXQUT).
Effect of knack technique on vaginal laxity in multiparous women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hady Doaa A. Abdel , Kassem Abdel Rhman E. , Abdalla Hesham A.
Published: July 2023

Background

Vaginal laxity defined according to the International Urogynecological Association/International Continence society is excessive vaginal looseness; it is one of the most common symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction, which refers to medical/functional disorders that can have a significant impact on a woman's sexual self‐esteem and sexual life.

Aim

This study aimed to determine the impact of the Knack Technique on Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) and sexual function in women with vaginal laxity.

Methods

Thirty females complaining of vaginal laxity were randomly chosen from the outpatient clinic at Deraya University. Their ages varied from 35 to 45 years, their body mass index was 25–30 kg/m2, and a number of parities ≤ three normal vaginal deliveries and at least two years from the last delivery complaining about vaginal laxity, water entrapment, and loss of friction during sexual intercourse. They were randomized into two equal groups at random (A, B). Group A (15 females) received (PSTES) and group B (15 females) received (PSTES) and Knack Technique. Both the groups received three sessions per week for 2 months.

Evaluation

The outcome measures were evaluated through pre‐ and post‐interventions by using ultrasonography imaging to assess PFM function, Sexual Satisfaction Index, and Vaginal Laxity Questionnaires (VLQ) to assess sexual function.

Results

Analysis indicated a significant improvement in vaginal laxity in the two groups. Comparison between groups pre‐ and posttreatment showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups B and A in SSI and VLQ, while there were significant differences between the groups A and B in PFM force.

Conclusion

Combining Parasacral transcutaneous electrical stimulation (PSTES) and Knack Technique is more effective than PSTES alone in reducing vaginal laxity as well as improving PFM and sexual function in women with vaginal laxity.