bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RF characteristics of 150‐nm AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors fabricated using i‐line stepper lithography
Authors: Ando Yuji , Takahashi Hidemasa , Makisako Ryutaro , Wakejima Akio , Suda Jun
Published: May 2023

This article reports radio frequency characteristics of 150‐nm gate aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN)/gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated using i‐line stepper lithography and a thermal reflow technique. The authors have developed two different gate structures that were a field‐plated gate using the lift‐off process and a Y‐shaped gate using the ion‐milling process. Fabricated HEMTs using these different gate structures exhibited nearly equivalent DC characteristics. The field‐plated gate device showed a unity current gain cutoff frequency (fT) of 35 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of 106 GHz, while the Y‐shaped gate device showed fT of 36 GHz and fmax of 115 GHz. The equivalent circuit analysis indicated a decrease in the gate‐drain capacitance and the drain conductance is responsible for the improved fmax in the Y‐shaped gate device.
The Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph for the VLT
Authors: Davies R. , Absil O. , Agapito G. , Agudo Berbel A. , Baruffolo A. , Biliotti V. , Black M. , Bonaglia M. , Bonse M. , Briguglio R. , Campana P. , Cao Y. , Carbonaro L. , Cortes A. , Cresci G. , Dallilar Y. , Dannert F. , De Rosa R. J. , Deysenroth M. , Di Antonio I. , Di Cianno A. , Di Rico G. , Doelman D. , Dolci M. , Dorn R. , Eisenhauer F. , Esposito S. , Fantinel D. , Ferruzzi D. , Feuchtgruber H. , Finger G. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Gao X. , Gemperlein H. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Ginski C. , Glauser A. M. , Glindemann A. , Grani P. , Hartl M. , Hayoz J. , Heida M. , Henry D. , Hofmann R. , Huber H. , Kasper M. , Keller C. , Kenworthy M. , Kravchenko K. , Kuntschner H. , Lacour S. , Lightfoot J. , Lunney D. , Lutz D. , Macintosh M. , Mannucci F. , Marsset M. , Modigliani A. , Neeser M. , Orban de Xivry G. , Ott T. , Pallanca L. , Patapis P. , Pearson D. , Peña E. , Percheron I. , Puglisi A. , Quanz S. P. , Rabien S. , Rau C. , Riccardi A. , Salasnich B. , Schmid H.-M. , Schubert J. , Serra B. , Shimizu T. , Snik F. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. , Taylor W. , Valentini A. , Waring C. , Wiezorrek E. , Xompero M.
Published: May 2023

The Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph (ERIS) is an instrument that both extends and enhances the fundamental diffraction limited imaging and spectroscopy capability for the VLT. It replaces two instruments that were being maintained beyond their operational lifetimes, combines their functionality on a single focus, provides a new wavefront sensing module for natural and laser guide stars that makes use of the Adaptive Optics Facility, and considerably improves on their performance. The observational modes ERIS provides are integral field spectroscopy at 1–2.5 μm, imaging at 1–5 μm with several options for high-contrast imaging, and long-slit spectroscopy at 3–4 μm. The instrument is installed at the Cassegrain focus of UT4 at the VLT and, following its commissioning during 2022, has been made available to the community.
Soil Salinity Monitoring in Irrigated Areas of Rishtan District of Ferghana Valley, Uzbekistan
Authors: Khamraliev Akbarjon , Mamatkulov Zohid , Musaev Ilhomjon , Saipova Barnokhon , Oymatov Rustam , Mirjalolov Nuriddin
Published: May 2023

The salinization of soils impacts many arid areas. In the world, about 62 million hectares of agricultural land are subject to salinization. At present, about 47% of the irrigated lands in Uzbekistan are subject to some degree of salinity. Landsat satellite photos taken across an exact time span (from 1993 to 2021) with timeframes of 8 to 10 years were utilized in this study to monitor soil salinity. To analyze soil salinity level, salinity index, and classification method using Google Earth was performed. During the entire study period, changes in the indicator of soil salinity improvement work were shown. Especially related to non-saline soil, which was around 4,670 ha in 1993, and it increased to 10,533 ha in 2021 and reached 19.2 % after thirty years. Slightly saline soil class has the propensity to decrease and included its largest area of 15,941 ha (52.1 %) in 1993, but then dropped quickly to 9,649 ha (31.5 %) in 2021. Saline soil maximum increased in 2001 to 10.251 ha (33.5 %), then started steadily contracting and reaches a minimum of 7,440 ha (24.3%) in 2011. Strongly saline soil starts reaching from 1,771 ha to 5,069 ha between 1993-2001.
Gravity variations determined from GRACE and GRACE-FO monthly solutions for analyzing water mass changes in the Aral Sea
Authors: Foldvary Lorant , Statov Victor , Mamutov Nizamatdin , Khikmatullaev Sanjar , Ergashev Muxammadyusuf
Published: May 2023

The GRACE large-scale sequent GRACE-FO gravity satellite mission is providing monthly gravity field solutions for almost 20 years enabling a unique opportunity to monitor large-scale mass variation processes. The gravity anomaly time series for the Aral Sea region has been derived for the period of April 2002 to January 2022. The method of determining gravity anomaly time series from GRACE and GRACE-FO monthly solutions has been improved by taking into account the mass variations of the Caspian Sea. The gravity anomaly time series then has been compared to mass anomaly estimates. For deriving mass anomaly, beyond the available water volume data, density variations were determined by taking into account salinity and temperature changes. Unfortunately, no reliable information either on the salinity or on water temperature changes is available or accessible. Furthermore, not only the data but also the methodology of determining the density is not reliable. Still, the tests suggest that slight improvement in correlation due to the involvement of salinity information occurs.
Regional transformations in Bulgaria and challenges for sustainable development
Authors: Atanasov D. , Ivanova B. , Beluhova-Uzunova R. , Shishkova M. , Hristov K. , Sharipov S. , Khasanov I.
Published: May 2023

Structural changes in rural areas are a subject of widespread discussion. During the transition to a market economy, Bulgarian agriculture underwent serious reforms, and after the accession to the EU, the transformations of the sector became even more significant. Political and socio-economic changes have an impact on agricultural production, organisational structure, and market performance. These processes have played an essential role in the development of rural areas. The aim of the study is based on an analysis of structural changes in Bulgarian agriculture, to outline their impact on the models of transformation of rural areas and make recommendations for sustainable development. Significant changes are observed during the analysed period. The agricultural sector remains polarised and dominated by several significant sub-sectors – cereals and oilseeds. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) does not contribute to balanced and sustainable development and deepens disparities. During the new programming period, the opportunities for modelling the CAP are significant and vary considerably. A new conceptual framework needs to be implemented in Bulgaria - the local model related to regional specifics can solve some of the challenges.
Application of orthophotomaps in land cadastre
Authors: Pirimov Jonibek , Safarov Eshkabul , Abdullaev Ilkhomjon , Abdullaeva Nargiza
Published: May 2023

This article is devoted to obtaining and using orthophotomaps in the land cadastre. Efficient use and monitoring of land and water resources in Uzbekistan open up a wide range of opportunities with the use of orthophotomaps obtained from aerospace images. At the same time, the effective organization of state control over land use, the introduction of modern technologies in the field, and the accounting of land resources remain insufficiently organized. In particular, in cadastral plans, the boundary description for registered land plots is inconsistent with their real site location. Therefore, at present, special attention is paid to the geodetic and cartographic support of the cadastral system on the basis of modern geographical information systems, registration of objects, design, and creation of digital maps. The study discussed the issues is the development of orthophotomaps in the land cadastre and the improvement of methods for their regular renewal using modern technologies. As a result of this study, the orthophoto maps were obtained for the Karakul district of the Bukhara region, and a cadastral map was created by vectorization.
Foreign experience and technologies in the formation of a state cadastral database of buildings and structures
Authors: Uspankulov Bekjan , Rakhmonov Kosimdjon , Abdurahimova Mokhigul
Published: May 2023

This article describes the scope of the cadastral system and relevant information technologies of France, Germany, Great Britain, and Sweden along with the possibilities of their application in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Performance analysis of controllers in BLDC motor
Authors: Muralidharan S. , T. Balasubramaniyam , Kumar K.S Prethesh , C. Aswin
Published: May 2023

Due to their better electrical properties and mechanical features, the usage of BLDC motors is increasing and they have replaced conventional DC and asynchronous motors in many applications. This project provides a sensor-based permanent magnet brushless DC motor for commercial and electric vehicles. To improve the reliability of BLDC motor speed regulation, a PID controller is employed. The three-phase voltage inverter delivers a constant DC voltage and is synced with the BLDC motor. Closed-loop speed control is done utilizing the Ziegler-Nichols technique. Particle Swarm optimization and PID controller improved using Firefly algorithm The recommended system is simulated using MATLAB simulation and the performance of the BLDC motor is tested by comparing attributes such as Rise time. Settling time and Peak overshoot.
Integrating Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Solar Power Generation
Authors: Sangeetha K. , Liz Anitha Sofia , P. Suganthi , Femilinjana D. Little
Published: May 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to predict solar power generation. One such technique is the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) with a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize its parameters. This approach involves training an ANN to predict solar power generation based on historical data and using a GA to optimize the ANN’s architecture and activation function. The GA searches for the best combination of hidden layers and activation functions to minimize the error between the predicted and actual solar power generation. This paper presents an algorithm for implementing an ANN-GA for predicting solar power generation. The algorithm involves preprocessing the data, defining the ANN architecture, defining the fitness function, and implementing the GA to optimize the ANN’s parameters. The results of this approach can be useful for predicting future solar power generation and optimizing the performance of solar power systems.
Optimal Placement Identification of Multiple DG Types Using Optimization Technique
Authors: S. Mounika , Banu R. Narmatha , Kiruthiga B.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a combination algorithm called GAIPSO, which combines GA and a better version of the classic particle swarm optimization process, is used. In order to calculate the data enhancement in voltage profile, this study uses the GWO algorithm. The ideal position for the proposed charging points inside the distribution system is the goal. The received comment thread solution (site & station size) is further re-optimized by PSO, improving both the functionality and outcome overall. Studies based on simulations show that the above mentioned technique outperforms GA, GWO, and PSO in respect of an improved voltage profiles as well as the quality of the solution found for the objective function. Optimum planning for the charging station’s location and size. the IEEE 33 bus system. The suggested approach takes into consideration the IEEE 33 bus service. The received thread solutions (site and station size) is further re-optimized by PSO, improving both the performance and outcome overall.
Proteus/Simulink Analysis of Rectifier based E-Vehicle Charger Circuit
Authors: Thangasankaran R. , Parthasarathy S.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, an AC to DC rectifier circuit has been discussed and the simulation results are provided. This converter is very useful for the upcoming development of the electric vehicles charging technology. For producing steady DC from a rectified AC supply requires a smoothing circuit or filter. The main purpose of the filter circuit is to remove the ripple or ac components from the output of the diode circuit. So, to make the output DC pure, the filter circuit is used. The filter circuit may be inductive (built with only inductors in series) or capacitive (built with only capacitors in parallel) or Inductive-Capacitive (built with both inductors and capacitors). A voltage regulator which is used to maintain the constant output DC voltage. Design of the controller is detailed for reference. The converter will operate in continuous conduction mode (CCM). Finally, some selected experimental results are presented to verify the proposed theory.
Intelligent Energy Management System for Smart Grids Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: K. Babu , S. Sivasubramanian , C.S. Nivetha , R. Senthil Kumar , Soundari Mohana
Published: May 2023

Smart grid technology is rapidly advancing and providing various opportunities for efficient energy management. To achieve the full potential of smart grids, intelligent energy management systems (IEMS) are required that can optimally manage and control the distributed energy resources (DERs). In this paper, proposed an IEMS using the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm to manage the energy consumption and production in a smart grid. The proposed methodology aims to minimize the energy cost while maintaining the stability and reliability of the grid. The performance of the proposed IEMS is evaluated on a simulated smart grid, and the results show that it can effectively manage the energy resources while minimizing the energy cost.
Continued Fractions of Higher Order Polygonal Numbers with Respect to Order and Rank
Authors: Anitha B. , Balamurugan P.
Published: May 2023

Developing number sequence based on polygonal numbers is an enthusiastic field in number theory. As tetrahedral numbers are similar to pyramids, one of the Seven wonders of the World, yields a unique copiousness in its suitability. In number theory study of pyramidal numbers vary in richness and variety. Also the study of continued fractions is a fastly developing field.
On Edge Proper Interval-Valued Complex Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Venkateshwara R. , Sridevi R.
Published: May 2023

This article summarizes about edge proper interval-valued complex fuzzy graph. Here, degree of an edge, total degree of an edge, edge proper and edge totally proper intervalvalued complex fuzzy were introduced. A necessary and sufficient condition in which these two graphs are equivalent is provided. Many properties of edge proper interval-valued complex fuzzy graphs are examined and they were investigated for edge totally proper interval-valued complex fuzzy graphs,
Accounting for constituent particle polydispersion in the determination of the volume specific surface area equivalent diameter
Authors: Bau Sébastien , Rastoix Olivier , Dazon Claire , Bardin-Monnier Nathalie
Published: May 2023

First introduced by Kreyling et al. (2010), the Volume Specific Surface-Area (VSSA) has been identified as a relevant and alternative method to electron microscopy to determine whether a material is a nanomaterial or not, in addition to being mentioned in the definition from the European Commission. This parameter was recently integrated as a tier 1 screen in the JRC decision trees.

VSSA is an integral measurement method that provides particle size indirectly. When the conversion from specific surface area to particle diameter is performed, the primary particles are assumed to be spherical and monodisperse. This strong assumption is far from reality. The study consisted in evaluating the influence of the polydispersion of the constituent particles of a material on its specific surface, and in proposing a methodology allowing it to be considered in the conversion of the VSSA into equivalent diameter of constituent particles.

This correction was applied to eight powders, with a median diameter in number between 9 and 130 nm, and under the assumption of a distribution according to a normal law. The results indicate that considering the polydispersion improves the determination of the equivalent diameter, the relative deviations compared to the reference measurements in electron microscopy being between -9% and 18%.
Peer review experience in the teaching of chemical reaction engineering at ENSIC Nancy: Presentation and interest of such a methodology?
Authors: Schaer Eric , Laurent André
Published: May 2023

As recommended by various accreditation and evaluation bodies (EFCE, 2020), the contents of process engineering teaching syllabuses aim to build, in the sense of Bloom’s educational taxonomy, high levels of skills in analysis, synthesis, evaluation (Bloom et al., 1956). Considering on the one hand that the evaluation of learning outcomes corresponds to the highest levels of skills and on the other hand the existence of many other experiences in the field (Mac Raighne al., 2015, Yu and Su, 2015, Liauw, 2020, Smith et al., 2020), peer review was offered to students at ENSIC Nancy for teaching for teaching chemical reaction engineering of homogeneous and heterogeneous reacting systems engineering of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. This method promotes active learning, in a constructive societal approach, allowing learners to identify and formulate their own problems to develop and increase their skills.
Entdifferenzierte Gliome
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2023

Für rezidivierte High-Grade-Gliome konnten nur geringe therapeutische Fortschritte erreicht werden. Hoffnungen liegen auf der Radioligandentherapie (RLT) mit radioaktiv beladenem prostataspezifischem Antigen (PSMA), dessen Expression in Gliomen gesteigert ist. In einer retrospektiven Studie korrelierte der Expressionsgrad mit dem Uptake in der [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-PET/MRT. Die Bildgebung könnte somit Patienten identifizieren, die von einer PSMA-RLT profitieren.
EGFR-mutiertes nichtkleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: May 2023

Das nichtkleinzellige Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) geht bei Nie-Rauchern häufig mit Mutationen am Gen für EGFR einher. Wie die Luftverschmutzung an der Initiierung des NSCLC beteiligt sein könnte, zeigte ein globales Team um Prof. Charles Swanton, London.
Metastasiertes Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: May 2023

Mehr als 5800 Teilnehmern konnte die American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) beim Genitourinary Cancers Symposium in San Francisco sowie online begrüßen und ein hochkarätiges Programm bieten. Unter den zahlreichen Studiendaten wurden auch Ergebnisse präsentiert, die neue Therapiestandards beim Prostatakarzinom definieren oder bestätigen.
Metastasiertes nichtkleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: May 2023

Analysen der Stiftung Deutsche Onkologie (SDO) machen klar, dass bei älteren Patienten mit metastasiertem nichtkleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) keine Versorgungsdefizite bestehen. Sie werden wie Jüngere mit den derzeit effektivsten Therapien behandelt.
Operieren in der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit (OpidS) in der Thoraxchirurgie – ein interdisziplinäres Konsensuspapier
Authors: Metelmann Isabella , Pietsch Uta-Carolin , Kappelmeyer Silke , Wessela Sven , Niethard Maya , Klotz Laura
Published: May 2023

Der Zuwachs von in der Chirurgie tätigen Frauen rückt die Herausforderungen der
Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie zunehmend und anhaltend in den Fokus. Gerade in
chirurgischen Fächern spielen Fragen der Beschäftigung und Weiterbildung während
Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit eine große Rolle. Eine realistische Vereinbarkeit von
Schwangerschaft, Stillzeit, Familie, Weiterbildung und Beruf zu erreichen, ist auch in der
Thoraxchirurgie ein wichtiges Ziel, um das Fach attraktiv für junge Absolventinnen zu
gestalten und für Assistenzärztinnen als Spezialisierung mit einer Perspektive
auszustatten.

Anhand der gesetzlichen Vorgaben des Gesetzes zum Schutz von Müttern bei der Arbeit, in
der Ausbildung und im Studium wurde durch Vertreter*innen der Thoraxchirurgie, Anästhesie
und Arbeitsmedizin/Arbeitssicherheit ein interdisziplinäres Konsenspapier zum Operieren in
der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit (OpidS) in der Thoraxchirurgie erarbeitet.

Die Mehrzahl der thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffe kann in der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit
vorgenommen werden. Eine risikostratifizierte Positivliste fasst thoraxchirurgische
Eingriffe mit potenziell vertretbarem Risiko in der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit zusammen.
Als Negativliste sind Eingriffe zusammengefasst, deren Durchführung die Autor*innen in der
Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit nicht empfehlen. Zur individuellen Umsetzung wurde eine
Checkliste als Hilfestellung erstellt, um OpidS in der Thoraxchirurgie zu
ermöglichen.

Nahezu alle thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffe können unter Einhaltung jeweils zu
bestimmender Schutzmaßnahmen durch Schwangere und Stillende durchführbar sein. Voraussetzung
hierfür ist der freiwillige und selbstbestimmte Wunsch der schwangeren oder stillenden
Chirurginnen zur operativen Tätigkeit sowie die Umsetzbarkeit der Schutzmaßnahmen, getragen
durch die/den Arbeitgeber*in.
Preexposition Prophylaxis With Truvada (Tenofovir/Emtricitabine) as Potential Cause of Celiac Disease-Like Enteropathy
Authors: Herac-Kornauth Merima , Kazemi-Shirazi Lili , Pokryszka Jagoda , Wichlas Martina , Vogelsang Harald , Trauner Michael
Published: May 2023

We present here a case of a 39-year-old patient who presented with celiac-disease-like
symptoms and MARSH 3a histology in duodenal biopsies under normal diet. Interestingly, HLA
genotyping and celiac-specific serology were negative, primarily leading to exclusion of
celiac disease. However, biopsies from a second endoscopy a couple of months later (still
under normal diet) showed histologic progression of the disease to MARSH 3b and led to the
re-evaluation of the out-of-hospital-obtained histological samples by a pathologist
experienced in celiac disease. The second biopsy described previously as MARSH 3b turned out
to be non-specific and was therefore re-classified as MARSH 0. After all known causes of
duodenal villous atrophy were excluded by a thorough evaluation, a correlation between the
first biopsy (MARSH 3a) and Truvada intake could be established. After Truvada discontinuation
and under normal diet, normalisation of duodenal mucosa was observed, leading to the
assumption that Truvada could lead to celiac-like enteropathy.
CD44 and EGFR Dual-Targeted Antibody-Recruiting Complex Based on Hyaluronic Acid Grafted with β-Cyclodextrin and Multivalent Rhamnose for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Zhifang , Zheng Lele , Li Yanchun , Lin Han , Hong Haofei , Shi Jie , Wu Zhimeng
Published: May 2023

A new generation of multivalent antibody-recruiting molecules (ARMs) with dual-targeting tumor-binding termini (TBT), including hyaluronic acid targeting CD44 and nanobody 7D12 or peptide GE11 targeting EGFR, was constructed for cancer immunotherapy. The 7D12 or GE11 were assembled onto β-cyclodextrin-grafted hyaluronic acid (HACD) with multivalent rhamnose via host-guest interaction to form macromolecule complexes. The immunological studies proved that these complexes had dual-targetability on CD44 and EGFR and the rhamnose on HACD could recruit anti-Rha antibodies to mediate cytotoxicity against the targeted tumor cells. This bispecific ARM strategy provides a platform for cancer immunotherapy.
Asymmetric α-Cyanation of β-Keto Esters Catalyzed by Chiral Tin Alkoxides
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Hinata Yuki , Midorikawa Koji , Watanabe Takamichi
Published: May 2023

A catalytic enantioselective α-cyanation reaction of β-keto esters with p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (TsCN) as a cyanating reagent was achieved using an (R)-BINOL-derived chiral tin dibromide possessing 4-tert-butylphenyl groups at the 3- and 3′-positions as a chiral precatalyst in the presence of sodium ethoxide in ethanol. Optically active α-cyano-β-keto esters having a chiral quaternary carbon were obtained in good to high yields under the influence of the chiral tin diethoxide generated in situ.
Ethical party culture, control, and citizenship behavior: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Horsey Emmanuel Mensah , Guo Lijia , Huang Jiashun
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to amplify Ghana’s code of conduct, a provision made to control the behavior of political parties, candidates, and supporters in the electoral processes as well as their day-to-day activities. Although existing studies have documented the merits of organizational citizenship behavior such as sacrificial behaviors, little research has explored organizational citizenship behavior in the context of political parties. In this light, we argue that political parties’ external behavioral conformity depends on the parties’ internal behavior checks. We draw on the self-concept theory to elucidate how ethical party culture and party control shape party citizens’ self-concept to define their conforming behavior. Having investigated 404 members of different political parties, we have found that ethical party culture has a positive impact on party citizenship behavior. In addition, party control positively moderates this linkage. Theoretically, we reveal factors that positively influence organizational citizenship behavior and identify ethical organizational culture and control as components of individuals’ self-conception. From a practical standpoint, our study shows the need for political parties to construct ethical party culture and install party controls comprising process, output, and normative controls to nurture and guide party citizenship behavior. The findings can augment the Ghanaian government’s code of conduct by nurturing conforming behaviors via the parties’ internal behavior-shaping mechanisms that consequently promote external conduct consistent with the political parties’ code of conduct.
Behavior, religion, and socio-economic development: a synthesized theoretical framework
Authors: Al Fozaie Mohammad Tariq
Published: May 2023

Due to theoretical shortcomings, most of the literature that examines the impact of religion on economic well-being fails to distinguish between the religion and the religion constituents. Moreover, the current framework has a narrow focus on economic well-being, does not facilitate for empirical testing, and is troubled by the problem of endogeneity. This paper introduces a framework for the empirical and descriptive study of the impact of religion on socio-economic development. The framework introduced facilitates for the adoption of both inductive and deductive approaches, allowing one to operationalize and analyze the religion itself, to test whether it embodies any principles that might hinder development by facilitating for the construction of a quantitative measure, which seeks to differentiate between the religion and the behavior of its constituents, as well as facilitate for a descriptive study of the religion itself. An example of how to utilize the framework developed is provided for the case of Islam, where the concept of Mafsada, public harm, in the Maqasid of Shariah, the purpose of Islamic jurisprudence, is operationalized, alongside Adam Smith’s Worthless Fellow in the Theory of Moral Sentiments, to develop a composite measure whose corollaries represent behavior a worthless fellow might engage in and would subsequently lead to societal harm. These corollaries can also be adopted in an empirical study as independent variables. Moreover, Ibn Khuldon’s Theory of Development is also utilized along with Max Weber’s Protestant Ethic to facilitate for the study as to why Muslim countries are underdeveloped, and whether their poor development is attributable to Islam, or due to factors relating to culture, justice, politics, and others. This study utilizes a causal research design as it facilitates for better understanding the nature and the extent of the relationship between variables in poorly understood phenomena—behavior, religion, and how, and whether, they can impact development.
Disentangling material, social, and cognitive determinants of human behavior and beliefs
Authors: Tverskoi Denis , Guido Andrea , Andrighetto Giulia , Sánchez Angel , Gavrilets Sergey
Published: May 2023

In social interactions, human decision-making, attitudes, and beliefs about others coevolve. Their dynamics are affected by cost-benefit considerations, cognitive processes (such as cognitive dissonance, social projecting, and logic constraints), and social influences by peers (via descriptive and injunctive social norms) and by authorities (e.g., educational, cultural, religious, political, administrative, individual or group, real or fictitious). Here we attempt to disentangle some of this complexity by using an integrative mathematical modeling and a 35-day online behavioral experiment. We utilize data from a Common Pool Resources experiment with or without messaging promoting a group-beneficial level of resource extraction. We directly estimate the weights of different factors in decision-making and beliefs dynamics. We show that personal norms and conformity with expected peers’ actions have the largest impact on decision-making while material benefits and normative expectations have smaller effects. Individuals behaving prosocially are characterized by higher weights of personal norms while antisocial types are more affected by conformity. Messaging greatly decreases the weight of personal norms while simultaneously increases the weight of conformity. It also markedly influences personal norms and normative expectations. Both cognitive and social factors are important in the dynamics of beliefs. Between-individual variation is present in all measured characteristics and notably impacts observed group behavior. At the same time, gender differences are small. We argue that one can hardly understand social behavior without understanding the dynamics of personal beliefs and beliefs about others and that cognitive, social, and material factors all play important roles in these processes. Our results have implications for understanding and predicting social processes triggered by certain shocks (e.g., social unrest, a pandemic, or a natural disaster) and for designing policy interventions aiming to change behavior (e.g., actions aimed at environment protection or climate change mitigation).
Bats in the changing climate: how weather impacts echolocation
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: May 2023

The echolocation bats use to perceive the world is less effective in certain weather conditions, despite some bats adjusting their clicks.
Spatially indirect interfacial excitons in n+-ZnO/p-GaN heterostructures
Authors: Arora Simran , Dhar Subhabrata
Published: May 2023

Electroluminescence properties of epitaxially grown n+-ZnO/p-GaN pn+-heterojunctions are investigated as functions of applied bias and temperature. This study reveals the existence of indirect interfacial excitons at sufficiently low temperatures. Electroluminescence feature associated with these excitons redshifts with increasing forward bias. It has been found that the binding energy of these entities can be controlled through applied forward bias and can even be made higher than that of the excitons in ZnO bulk (60 meV). However, the formation of these excitons becomes unsustainable when either the applied bias or the temperature crosses a threshold. This has been explained in terms of leakage and thermal escape of electrons (holes) into the GaN (ZnO) side. Calculations for the band diagram and the binding energy of these spatially indirect electron–hole coulomb-coupled entities are carried out. Theoretical results are found to explain the experimental findings quite well.
Optimal well-posedness for the pressureless Euler–Navier–Stokes system
Authors: Zhai Xiaoping , Chen Yiren , Li Yongsheng , Zhao Yongye
Published: May 2023

In this work, we investigate the Cauchy problem for the pressureless Euler–Navier–Stokes system in R3. We first establish the global small solutions of this system with critical regularity and then obtain the optimal time decay rate of the solutions by a suitable energy argument (independent of the spectral analysis). The proof crucially depends on non-standard product estimates and interpolations. In comparison with previous studies about time-decay by Choi and Jung [J. Math. Fluid Mech. 23, 99 (2021); arXiv:2112.14449], the smallness requirement of the low frequencies of initial data could be removed.
Ultrafast, room temperature rejuvenation of SiC Schottky diodes from forward current-induced degradation
Authors: Rasel Md Abu Jafar , Al-Mamun Nahid Sultan , Stepanoff Sergei , Haque Aman , Wolfe Douglas E. , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J.
Published: May 2023

In this work, we demonstrate the rejuvenation of Ti/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes after forward current-induced degradation, at room temperature and in a few seconds, by exploiting the physics of high-energy electron interactions with defects. The diodes were intentionally degraded to a 42% decrease in forward current and a 9% increase in leakage current through accelerated electrical stressing. The key feature of our proposed rejuvenation process is very high current density electrical pulsing with low frequency and duty cycle to suppress any temperature rise. The primary stimulus is, therefore, the electron wind force, which is derived from the loss of the momentum of the high energy electrons upon collision with the defects. Such defect-specific or “just in location” mobilization of atoms allows a significant decrease in defect concentration, which is not possible with conventional thermal annealing that requires higher temperatures and longer times. We show evidence of rejuvenation with additional improvement in leakage current (16%) and forward current (38%) beyond the pristine condition. Transmission electron microscopy, geometric phase analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray-spectroscopy reveal the enhancement of defects and interfaces. The ultrafast and room temperature process has the potential for rejuvenating electronic devices operating in high power and harsh environmental conditions.
Effect of surface functional groups on MXene conductivity
Authors: Khanal Rabi , Irle Stephan
Published: May 2023

We report the in-plane electron transport in the MXenes (i.e., within the MXene layers) as a function of composition using the density-functional tight-binding method, in conjunction with the non-equilibrium Green’s functions technique. Our study reveals that all MXene compositions have a linear relationship between current and voltage at lower potentials, indicating their metallic character. However, the magnitude of the current at a given voltage (conductivity) has different trends among different compositions. For example, MXenes without any surface terminations (Ti3C2) exhibit higher conductivity compared to MXenes with surface functionalization. Among the MXenes with –O and –OH termination, those with –O surface termination have lower conductivity than the ones with –OH surface terminations. Interestingly, conductivity changes with the ratio of –O and –OH on the MXene surface. Our calculated I–V curves and their conductivities correlate well with transmission functions and the electronic density of states around the Fermi level. The surface composition-dependent conductivity of the MXenes provides a path to tune the in-plane conductivity for enhanced pseudocapacitive performance.
Probing charge carrier and triplet dynamics in TADF-based OLEDs using transient electroluminescence studies
Authors: Ghorai Anaranya , Behera Sinay Simanta , Purohit Sumukh , Narayan K. S.
Published: May 2023

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) systems exhibit high emissive yield due to efficient back-conversion of nonemissive triplet states to emissive singlet states via reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). In this paper, both the charge carrier and triplet exciton dynamics are explored using transient electroluminescence (TrEL) measurements in the TADF molecule, 2,3,4,6-Tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-fluorobenzonitrile (4CzFCN)-based devices. The analysis of the rising edge of the TrEL pulse indicates that the carriers follow multiple trapping, de-trapping, and exciton recombination dynamics. The trailing edge of the TrEL pulse provides insight into the monomolecular and bimolecular exciton dynamics. These studies along with a kinetic model reveal triplet harvesting processes in a 4CzFCN molecule via both RISC and triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA). Furthermore, at high temperatures, the analysis suggests that TADF processes are dominant with negligible contribution from TTA. The presence of bimolecular triplet processes acts as bottlenecks for accessing higher efficiencies in TADF organic light emitting diodes.
Multi-element metasurface system for imaging in the near-infrared
Authors: Shrestha Sajan , Overvig Adam , Lu Ming , Stein Aaron , Yu Nanfang
Published: May 2023

Metasurfaces are optically thin 2D arrays of subwavelength scatterers that modify scalar and vector properties of incident electromagnetic fields. Metasurface lenses are of particular interest for imaging applications for their flat form factor, compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes, and potential for correcting aberrations with a small number of elements. We advance this capability by realizing a millimeter-diameter, polarization-independent metalens triplet system with chromatic aberration correction over the wavelength range of 1.30–1.60 μm and monochromatic aberration correction enabling a field of view of 50°.
Large linear magnetoresistance and nontrivial band topology in In3Rh
Authors: An Linlin , Si Jianguo , Zhu Xiangde , Xi Chuanying , Xu Nanyang , Yang Yuanjun , Wang Lan , Ning Wei , Lu Wenjian , Tian Mingliang
Published: May 2023

While In3Rh has been predicted to be a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal, experimental studies of its physical properties are lacking. Here, we report the angular-dependent magnetoresistance (MR) measurements of In3Rh single crystals under high magnetic fields up to 32 T. The crystals show large, non-saturating linear MR, and remarkable quantum oscillations with multi-frequencies. Analysis of the quantum oscillations reveals that there are three bands hosting a nontrivial Berry phase, which is corroborated by first-principles calculations. Our work may provide a platform for exploring topological materials in indium-rich transition metal compounds.
Functionalized carbon nanocones performance in water harvesting
Authors: R.Leivas Fernanda , Barbosa Marcia C.
Published: May 2023

In this work, we investigate the water capture process for functionalized carbon nanocones (CNCs) through molecular dynamic simulations in the following three scenarios: a single CNC in contact with a reservoir containing liquid water, a single CNC in contact with a water vapor reservoir, and a combination of more than one CNC in contact with vapor. We found that water flows through the nanocones when in contact with the liquid reservoir if the nanocone tip presents hydrophilic functionalization. In contact with steam, we observed the formation of droplets at the base of the nanocone only when hydrophilic functionalization is present. Then, water flows through in a linear manner, a process that is more efficient than that in the liquid reservoir regime. The scalability of the process is tested by analyzing the water flow through more than one nanocone. The results suggest that the distance between the nanocones is a fundamental ingredient for the efficiency of water harvesting.
Dynamic wetting properties of PDMS pseudo-brushes: Four-phase contact point dynamics case
Authors: Rostami Peyman , Hormozi Mohammad Ali , Soltwedel Olaf , Azizmalayeri Reza , von Klitzing Regine , Auernhammer Günter K.
Published: May 2023

We investigate the wetting properties of PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) pseudo-brush anchored on glass substrates. These PDMS pseudo-brushes exhibit a significantly lower contact angle hysteresis compared to hydrophobic silanized substrates. The effect of different molar masses of the used PDMS on the wetting properties seems negligible. The surface roughness and thickness of the PDMS pseudo-brush are measured by atomic force microscopy and x-ray reflectivity. The outcome shows that these surfaces are extremely smooth (topologically and chemically), which explains the reduction in contact angle hysteresis. These special features make this kind of surfaces very useful for wetting experiments. Here, the dynamics of the four-phase contact point are studied on these surfaces. The four-phase contact point dynamics on PDMS pseudo-brushes deviate substantially from its dynamics on other substrates. These changes depend only a little on the molar mass of the used PDMS. In general, PDMS pseudo-brushes increase the traveling speed of four-phase contact point on the surface and change the associated power law of position vs time.
On the equivalence of the hybrid particle–field and Gaussian core models
Authors: Ledum Morten , Sen Samiran , Bore Sigbjørn Løland , Cascella Michele
Published: May 2023

Hybrid particle–field molecular dynamics is a molecular simulation strategy, wherein particles couple to a density field instead of through ordinary pair potentials. Traditionally considered a mean-field theory, a momentum and energy-conserving hybrid particle–field formalism has recently been introduced, which was demonstrated to approach the Gaussian Core model potential in the grid-converged limit. Here, we expand on and generalize the correspondence between the Hamiltonian hybrid particle–field method and particle–particle pair potentials. Using the spectral procedure suggested by Bore and Cascella, we establish compatibility to any local soft pair potential in the limit of infinitesimal grid spacing. Furthermore, we document how the mean-field regime often observed in hybrid particle–field simulations is due to the systems under consideration, and not an inherent property of the model. Considering the Gaussian filter form, in particular, we demonstrate the ability of the Hamiltonian hybrid particle–field model to recover all structural and dynamical properties of the Gaussian Core model, including solid phases, a first-order phase transition, and anomalous transport properties. We quantify the impact of the grid spacing on the correspondence, as well as the effect of the particle–field filtering length scale on the emergent particle–particle correlations.
Synergy of charge capture and transfer by Ni-MOF nanosheets for enhancing energy storage performance of polyetherimide-based dielectric nanocomposites
Authors: Li Hongye , Li Yuxiao , Yang Xuelin , Liu Dahuan , Liu Xiaolin
Published: May 2023

Polymer-based dielectric nanocomposites with excellent energy storage performance and good thermal stability are essential to meet the demand for dielectric capacitors operating under high-temperature environments. However, there is still a challenge to high-temperature breakdown strength and energy density due to the increase in leakage current with temperature and applied electric field. In this work, Ni-based metal-organic framework nanosheets (Ni-MOFs) are synthesized by a sonication-assisted solution method and introduced into polyetherimide (PEI) to fabricate Ni-MOFs/PEI dielectric nanocomposites. As a result, the nanocomposites containing 2 wt. % Ni-MOFs exhibit a significantly enhanced breakdown strength of 640 kV/mm and a discharged energy density of 6.37 J/cm3 at 150 °C, which are 48% and 228% higher than those of pure PEI, respectively. This enhancement could be attributed to the synergistic effect of charge capture and transfer induced by wider bandgap and π–d conjugation of Ni-MOFs, which not only act as deep traps to capture charges at the interface but also transfer the charges along the in-plane direction to uniform the local electric field, thus reducing the leakage current and conduction loss. This work provides an effective strategy for the design of high-performance dielectric nanocomposites based on polymer.
Conductance quantization in h-BN memristors
Authors: Roldán J. B. , Maldonado D. , Cantudo A. , Shen Yaqing , Zheng Wenwen , Lanza M.
Published: May 2023

Memristive devices made of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride are attracting much attention for information storage, computation, encryption, and communication. Generating multilevel operation in these memristors would be an important added value for the field of neuromorphic computation, but the main phenomenon producing it (i.e., conductance quantization) is not well understood for this material. Here, we analyze hexagonal boron nitride memristive devices with metal electrodes operating in their quasistatic and transient regimes. Conductance quantization effects were observed both in I-V curves measured under ramped voltage stress and in the reset processes driven by voltage pulse trains. Polar and time lag plots are employed to shed light on the physics behind the device resistive switching. A model is proposed to reproduce the electrical characteristics of progressive reset processes and the discretization of the device conductance linked to quantum effects.
Finite-amplitude instability of magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow of liquid metals in a vertical channel
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Khandelwal Manish K.
Published: May 2023

The study of mixed convective liquid metal flow under a magnetic field has good potential for designing the next generation of advanced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) devices. Flow instabilities play a crucial role in understanding flow dynamics in different applications. This paper reports the finite-amplitude instability of MHD mixed convection flow of electrically conducting liquid metals in a vertical channel under a transverse magnetic field. The cubic Landau equation is derived to determine the subcritical/supercritical bifurcations in the flow. The weakly nonlinear stability results are examined for a good range of Ha and Pr in the vicinity and far from the linear stability critical point (bifurcation point) at Reynolds number Re = 5000. The finite-amplitude results give only the supercritical type of instability for the considered range of Ha and Pr. The equilibrium amplitude increases by increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field. The impact of the nonlinear interaction of different harmonic modes on friction coefficient, heat transfer rate, and wave speed is also examined for the linearly unstable region. The results show that the distorted mean flow's heat transfer rate is higher than that calculated by the laminar basic state. Like linear stability analysis, the nonlinear analysis shows that the applied magnetic field stabilizes the basic flow. The supercritical instability shows that the linearly unstable flow shows a smooth transition.