bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Johnston's organ and its central projections in Cataglyphis desert ants
Authors: Grob Robin , Tritscher Clara , Grübel Kornelia , Stigloher Christian , Groh Claudia , Fleischmann Pauline N. , Rössler Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

The Johnston's organ (JO) in the insect antenna is a multisensory organ involved in several navigational tasks including wind‐compass orientation, flight control, graviception, and, possibly, magnetoreception. Here we investigate the three dimensional anatomy of the JO and its neuronal projections into the brain of the desert ant Cataglyphis, a marvelous long‐distance navigator. The JO of C. nodus workers consists of 40 scolopidia comprising three sensory neurons each. The numbers of scolopidia slightly vary between different sexes (female/male) and castes (worker/queen). Individual scolopidia attach to the intersegmental membrane between pedicel and flagellum of the antenna and line up in a ring‐like organization. Three JO nerves project along the two antennal nerve branches into the brain. Anterograde double staining of the antennal afferents revealed that JO receptor neurons project to several distinct neuropils in the central brain. The T5 tract projects into the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC), while the T6 tract bypasses the AMMC via the saddle and forms collaterals terminating in the posterior slope (PS) (T6I), the ventral complex (T6II), and the ventrolateral protocerebrum (T6III). Double labeling of JO and ocellar afferents revealed that input from the JO and visual information from the ocelli converge in tight apposition in the PS. The general JO anatomy and its central projection patterns resemble situations in honeybees and Drosophila. The multisensory nature of the JO together with its projections to multisensory neuropils in the ant brain likely serves synchronization and calibration of different sensory modalities during the ontogeny of navigation in Cataglyphis.
Climate change policies: Good news or bad news for firms in the European Union?
Authors: Birindelli Giuliana , Chiappini Helen
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates whether the European Union policies to tackle climate change create or destroy value for shareholders over the years 2013–2018. Using the event study method, our results suggest that all the sectors were affected by at least one climate policy announcement and that negative effects were more common than positive effects, especially when the Paris Agreement came into force. Up until that point, the announcement of a new policy produced significant positive effects only on the most environmentally committed firms. Finally, data panel regressions reveal that the company's sector, more than its environmental commitment, played a central role in determining market reactions toward climate policies. Our paper contributes to the still limited debate on the relationship between environmental regulation and value for equity investors and opens up the debate on a topic yet to be explored: the mitigating role of the company's environmental commitment. Relevant implications for policy makers promoting a European sustainable economy are also discussed.
Grafting Nature‐Inspired and Bio‐Based Phenolic Esters onto Cellulose Nanocrystals Gives Biomaterials with Photostable Anti‐UV Properties
Authors: Joram Mendoza David , Mouterde Louis M. M. , Browne Christine , Singh Raghuwanshi Vikram , Simon George P. , Garnier Gil , Allais Florent
Published: December 2020

Invited for this month's cover is the international collaborative work from the Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA)‐Monash University and URD Agro‐Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI)‐AgroParisTech. The cover image shows how the grafting of Nature‐inspired and bio‐based phenolic esters on cellulose nanocrystals through click‐chemistry provides materials with highly photostable UV‐blocking properties. Cover art by David Mendoza. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202002017.
Adherence to beta‐blockers and long‐term risk of heart failure and mortality after a myocardial infarction
Authors: Desta Liyew , Khedri Masih , Jernberg Tomas , Andell Pontus , Mohammad Moman Aladdin , Hofman‐Bang Claes , Erlinge David , Spaak Jonas , Persson Hans
Published: December 2020

Aims

The aim of this study is to investigate the association between adherence to beta‐blocker treatment after a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and long‐term risk of heart failure (HF) and death.

Methods and results

All patients admitted for a first AMI included in the nationwide Swedish web‐system for enhancement and development of evidence‐based care in heart disease evaluated according to recommended therapies register between 2005 and 2010 were eligible (n = 71 638). After exclusion of patients who died in‐hospital, patients with previous HF, patients with unknown left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), and patients who died during the first year after the index event, 38 608 patients remained in the final analysis. Adherence to prescribed beta‐blockers was determined for 1 year after the index event using the national registry for prescribed drugs and was measured as proportion of days covered, the ratio between the numbers of days covered by the dispensed prescriptions and number of days in the period. As customary, a threshold level for proportion of days covered ≥80% was used to classify patients as adherent or non‐adherent. At discharge 90.6% (n = 36 869) of all patients were prescribed a beta‐blocker. Among 38 608 1 year survivors, 31.1% (n = 12 013) were non‐adherent to beta‐blockers. Patients with reduced EF with and without HF were more likely to remain adherent to beta‐blockers at 1‐year compared with patients with normal EF without HF (NEF). Being married/cohabiting and having higher income level, hypertension, ST‐elevation MI, and percutaneous coronary intervention were associated with better adherence. Adherence was independently associated with lower all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–0.84] and a lower risk for the composite of HF readmission/death, (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.78–0.89, P value <0.001) during the subsequent 4 years of follow up. These associations were favourable but less apparent in patients with HFNEF and NEF.

Conclusions

Nearly one in three AMI patients was non‐adherent to beta‐blockers within the first year. Adherence was independently associated with improved long‐term outcomes; however, uncertainty remains for patients with HFNEF and NEF.
Reporting and interpretation of subgroup analyses in heart failure randomized controlled trials
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Khan Muhammad Arbaz Arshad , Irfan Simra , Siddiqi Tariq Jamal , Greene Stephen J. , Anker Stefan D. , Sreenivasan Jayakumar , Friede Tim , Tahhan Ayman Samman , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Fonarow Gregg C. , Butler Javed
Published: December 2020

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the reporting of subgroup analyses in heart failure (HF) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to determine the strength and credibility of subgroup claims.

Methods and results

All primary HF RCTs published in nine high‐impact journals from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 were included. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify factors that may favour the reporting of results in specific subgroups. Strength of the subgroup effect claimed was classified into (i) strong, (ii) likely, or (iii) suggestive. Credibility of subgroup claim was scored using a pre‐specified 10 pointer criteria. Of the 261 HF RCTs studied, 107 (41%) reported subgroup analyses. Twenty‐five (23%) RCTs claimed a subgroup effect for the primary outcome of which six (24%) made a strong claim, eight (32%) claimed a likely effect, and 11 (44%) suggested a possible subgroup effect. Seven of the 25 RCTs did not employ interaction testing for subgroup claims of the primary outcome. Three out of 10 pre‐specified credibility criteria were satisfied by half of the trials. Fourteen trials justified the choice of subgroups, and 10 explicitly stated they were underpowered to detect differences within subgroups. Source of funding did not influence the frequency of reporting subgroup analyses (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.78–3.62, P = 0.52).

Conclusions

Appropriate credibility criteria were rarely met even by HF RCTs that held strong subgroup claims. Subgroup analyses should be pre‐specified, be adequately powered, present interaction terms, and be replicated in independent data before being integrated into clinical decision making.
Selective and Sensitive Determination of Paracetamol and Levodopa with Using Electropolymerized 3,5‐Diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole Film on Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Calam Tuğba Tabanlıgil
Published: December 2020

For determination of levodopa (L‐DOPA) and paracetamol (PAR), selective, effective and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (35DT) on glassy carbon (GC) electrode was reported. The DPV method was used to obtain the oxidation peak current of L‐DOPA which increased linearly with its concentration at the range of 1–99 μM and 99–480 μM. The linear relationship between the concentration of PAR and its peak current was obtained in the range of 0.3–55 μM and 55–475 μM. The limit of detection values for PAR and L‐DOPA were found to be 0.1 and 0.25 μM, respectively. Satisfactory results were obtained in pharmaceutical samples.
Performance of geotechnical seismic isolation system using rubber‐soil mixtures in centrifuge testing
Authors: Tsang Hing‐Ho , Tran Duc‐Phu , Hung Wen‐Yi , Pitilakis Kyriazis , Gad Emad F.
Published: December 2020

Geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI) system involves the dynamic interaction between structure and low‐modulus foundation material, such as rubber‐soil mixtures (RSM). Whilst numerical studies have been carried out to demonstrate the potential benefits of GSI‐RSM system, experimental research is indispensable for confirming its isolation mechanism and effectiveness in reducing structural demand. In this regard, centrifuge modelling with an earthquake shaker under an acceleration field of 50 g adopted in this study can mimic the actual nonlinear dynamic response characteristics of RSM and subsoil in a coupled soil‐foundation‐structure system. This is the first time the performance of GSI‐RSM system was examined in a geotechnical centrifuge. It was found that an average of 40‐50% reduction of structural demand can be achieved. The increase in both the horizontal and rotation responses of the foundation was also evidenced. The unique augmented rocking mechanism with reversible foundation rotation was highlighted.
Band gap engineering of ZnO by amino acid capping for optoelectronic and energy applications
Authors: Sherine Jositta , Indubala Emayavaramban , Anish Harsh , Seshadri Harinipriya
Published: December 2020

ZnO nanorods were capped with aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amino acids and the effect of capping on morphology, structural, optical, electrochemical, and electrical properties were studied in detail. The formation of coordination complexes between amino acids and ZnO were confirmed by XRD, XPS, and FTIR. The binding energy difference; ∆E = 23 eV explicitly indicates the nanometer range of the complexes formed. The high Iuv/Ivis seen in PL, for all ZnO‐AA complexes except ZnO‐L‐Phe and ZnO‐D‐Phe indicate the crystallinity and minimal defect in the complexes. The band gap of ZnO‐D‐Ala and ZnO‐DL‐Ala reduced by 0.15 eV compared to ZnO NRs (3.0 eV). This reduction in band gap is attributed to the (a) electronic percolation between C=O group of amino acid and Zn in ZnO and (b) increase in crystallite size due to amino acid capping. The free energy of activation for electronic conductivity, in case of ZnO‐D‐Ala and ZnO‐DL‐Ala remained identical to ZnO NRs (127 kJ) as supported by EIS analysis and Arrhenius kinetics. Out of all the aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amino acids capping on ZnO NRs, the results indicate that ZnO‐D‐Ala and ZnO‐DL‐Ala complexes possess lower band gap and can be used as a viable n‐type semiconductor material in optoelectronic applications such as energy harvesting devices like solar cells.
A new ninth‐order central Hermite weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Zahran Yousef H. , Abdalla Amr H.
Published: December 2020

In this article, we propose a new ninth‐order central Hermite weighted essentially nonoscillatory (HWENO) scheme, for solving hyperbolic conservation laws. The new scheme consists of the following: ninth‐order reconstruction using only five points stencil; to calculate the linear weights we used the central WENO (CWENO) technique and for nonlinear weights we used a new weighting technique. The numerical solution is advanced in time by using the ninth‐order linear strong‐stability‐preserving Runge–Kutta (ℓSSPRK) scheme and for computing the numerical flux, we used the central‐upwind flux which is efficient, simple and can be used for nonconex fluxes problems. The resulting scheme is ninth order in both smooth regions and at critical points with very small numerical dissipation near discontinuities, this is due to using new smoothness indicators. Several numerical examples are presented for one‐ and two‐dimensional problems to confirm that the new scheme is superior to the other high‐order WENO schemes.
The relationship between arbitrage in futures and spot markets and Bitcoin price movements: Evidence from the Bitcoin markets
Authors: Hattori Takahiro , Ishida Ryo
Published: December 2020

We examine how investors arbitrage the Bitcoin spot and futures markets. Using intraday data of the Chicago Board Options Exchange, we reconstruct the actual arbitrage condition that investors confront. We find that there are few arbitrage profit opportunities in “normal” markets, but large arbitrage profit opportunities arise during Bitcoin market “crashes.”
Permafrost rocks and high‐alpine infrastructure: Interrelated, interconnected, interacting
Authors: Pläsken Regina , Keuschnig Markus , Krautblatter Michael
Published: December 2020

Over the last few decades, pronounced changes of mountain environments during exceptionally warm summers have raised strong awareness towards changing cryospheric conditions in high mountain areas. Alpine regions are considered particularly sensitive to climate change, observations as well as projections report a significantly higher temperature rise in comparison to lowland areas. Rising sub‐zero temperatures were demonstrated to alter rock‐ and ice‐mechanical strength, namely compressive and tensile intact rock strength, friction, ice creep and fracturing of rock‐ice interfaces as well as elastic moduli. So far benchmark studies have only investigated the impact on rock masses irrespective of the interaction with high‐alpine infrastructure. This study investigates the interconnection between a high‐alpine cable car station and its permafrost‐affected surroundings. For engineering applications, the understanding of the state of natural systems is combined with numerical modelling of interactions between constructions and their frozen subsoil. This enables an improved design of high‐alpine infrastructures in the long run.
Felbertauern rockfall – avalanche gallery: Geological conditions and safety measures
Authors: Riepler Franz
Published: December 2020

On 14 May 2013 a massive rockfall occurred approximately 1,100 m south of the Felbertauern Tunnel, which destroyed the avalanche gallery „Schildalm“ of the P1 Felbertauernstraße over a length of 130 m. At an elevation of 1,770 m a.s.l. around 10,000 m3 of rock mass dislodged and cascaded down about 190 m of elevation onto the Gallery, which protected the three lane road below. The rock fall debris deposited in the rock fall track, on the road and down to the edge of the valley bottom some 70 m further below the road. As a part of the safety‐ and remedial measures instable rock masses of approximately 10,000 m3 at the head scarp were removed by blasting. To protect the remaining slopes, rockbolts, steel wire meshes, anchor beams and a rock fall protection barrier were installed. The access to the site was of particular challenge, therefore all tools, machinery and material had to be transported to site by helicopter.
Mapping human resource development: Visualizing the past, bridging the gaps, and moving toward the future
Authors: Shirmohammadi Melika , Hedayati Mehdiabadi Amir , Beigi Mina , McLean Gary N.
Published: December 2020

Using topic mapping techniques, we provide a review of the 3,236 articles published in the five premier HRD journals between 1990 and 2019. We map the key terms evidencing the emergence of five major topic clusters within HRD scholarship: nature and identity of HRD, HRD interventions and outcomes, national HRD, career development, and HRD in academia. Nature and identity of HRD depicts a movement from establishing foundations to expanding horizons. HRD interventions and outcomes reflects a spectrum of research interests from exploring processes to examining desired outcomes. National HRD shows that research topics are increasingly moving toward international and global settings. Career development demonstrates a shift from emphasizing organizational careers to advocating for under‐represented career actors. HRD in academia encompasses topics related to educating HRD professionals and supporting professional development in other fields. We provide a synthesis of the clusters, create a taxonomy of topic areas, and identify the mature, nascent, trending, and growing concepts in HRD. In doing so, our paper provides an overview of where we are in HRD scholarship. We then suggest collaborative, competitive, and configurational boundary work as strategies that HRD scholars can use purposefully to influence future HRD research directions. Our findings inform HRD researchers and can guide interested practitioners in their search for actionable knowledge in HRD.
Modelling sustainability efficiency in banking
Authors: Tan Yong , Tsionas Mike G.
Published: December 2020

We significantly contribute to the empirical literature by investigating sustainability efficiency in the banking industry and decompose it into internal sustainability and external sustainability in an explicit manner. We fill in the gap of the literature by considering internal sustainability from two perspectives which are banking stability and economic performance. We also extend the current studies by including both banks' social contributions (contributions to the society and the company development) and environmental responsibility to the estimation of external sustainability. Finally, we fill in the gap of the literature by estimating the determinants of bank sustainability efficiency. The findings from the output distance function and the panel vector autoregressive model show that the sustainability efficiency level in the Chinese banking industry (2007–2017) ranges from 0.45 to 0.75 (maximum sustainability efficiency score is 1 and minimum sustainability efficiency score is 0). There is a larger difference in terms of external sustainability efficiency in the sample, while stability is still one of the most serious issues, as reflected by the low stability efficiency score compared to other efficiency concepts. The results also show that internal sustainability efficiency is significantly affected by the firm specific determinants, business environment determinants and economic environment determinants.
Indications and factors associated with cesarean section in Bhutan: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Dorji Thinley , Wangmo Karma , Dorjey Yeshey , Dorji Namkha , Kiran Chhetri Deep , Tshering Sangay , Wangmo Passang , Tshokey Tshokey
Published: December 2020

Objective

To investigate the factors associated with cesarean section (CS) in Bhutan.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study, using the retrospective data from the birth registers maintained in comprehensive emergency obstetric care centers for the year 2018. The data were entered in excel 2013 and analyzed using STATA 13. Multiple logistic regression was used to understand the factors associated with CS in Bhutan.

Results

The rate of CS in Bhutan was 18.7%. The indications for CS were previous CS, fetal distress, prolonged labor, and failed induction. The factors associated with CS were maternal age over 25 years, male child, women with smaller number of living children, multiple pregnancy, and gestation over 40 weeks. In addition, mothers delivering in Samtse Hospital and Central Regional Referral Hospital had higher odds of CS.

Conclusion

In Bhutan, CS was commonly performed for mothers with previous CS, fetal distress, and prolonged labor. Increasing maternal age, multiple pregnancy, and postdated pregnancy and those with one child, or none, were more likely to undergo CS. To reduce the CS rate, Bhutan should focus on decreasing the primary CS rate as well as preventing over‐diagnosis of prolonged labor by focusing on the partograph.
Platelet microparticles load a repertory of miRNAs programmed to drive osteogenic phenotype
Authors: Ferreira Marcel Rodrigues , Zambuzzi Willian Fernando
Published: December 2020

Autologous platelet‐rich plasma accelerates bone healing by releasing biomolecules during their degranulation process, which are transported by vesicle‐like structures called platelet microparticles (PMPs). However, the underlying mechanisms regulating the osteogenic differentiation by PMP‐released miRs remain poorly understood and this prompted us to better address this issue. Thus, miRNAseq expression profiles (E‐GEOD‐76789) were downloaded from ArrayExpress database. GEO2R was performed to evaluate the differential expression, and mirnatap R package was used to find targets for differentially expressed miRNAs. An extend protein–protein (ePPI) network for osteogenic marker proteins was generated using String, and DAVID tools were used to perform gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis from ePPI and miRNAs targets. Our data show that ePPI network was composed by 232 nodes and 2,175 edges, with a clustering coefficient of 0.546. MCODE was able to identify seven clusters contained in the ePPI network, and the two that presented a score above 10 were used in further analysis. Conversely, 15,944 different targets were found as down‐expressed while 5,715 different targets were up‐expressed. Among the downregulated 75 miRNAs, 70 have predicted targets present in the ePPI network, while the 21 upregulated miRNAs have 19 predicted targets in the ePPI network. Our study provides a registry of miRNAs that play a central role in regulating osteogenic phenotype, which might have potential therapeutic applications in bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering.
Analysis of pesticides based on immobilized housefly head acetylcholinesterase reactor with choline oxidase and horseradish peroxidase carbon paste electrode
Authors: Shu Hun‐Chi , Chen Yuh‐Shih , Wu Ning‐Ping
Published: December 2020

An automatic flow injection system (FIA) using the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactor connected with the choline oxidase (ChOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) carbon paste electrode for organophosphorous (ORPs) and carbamate pesticides determination is exploited. The ORPs are measured based on the inhibition of AChE. Two different sources of AChE from eel and housefly head are studied, respectively. The detection limit for paraoxon (10 ppb) and carbofuran (23 ppb) is found in the housefly head AChE. The AChE from housefly head shows 16 times higher sensitivity than the enzyme from eel for paraoxon. The linear range of the housefly head AChE biosensor is 8–100 ppb. The throughput of five‐sample hour−1 is obtained with a good reproducibility. The fruit juice and river water samples are studied and show the feasibility for further applications.
Formations of aryl or pyrrole ring via palladium‐catalyzed CH functionalization on amido‐substituted quinones in the presence of amines or phosphines
Authors: Li Cang‐Sian , Tseng Yi‐Ping , Hsu Ting‐Hsuan , Chang Chiao‐Yun , Hong Fung‐E
Published: December 2020

A di‐substituted quinone (5), having two amido‐groups at opposite positions, was reacted with tertiary, secondary, or primary amines via a one‐pot reaction in the presence of palladium salt. Crystal structures of some of the products, 7b‐7c, from these reactions reveal that two new pyrrole rings are formed and linked to quinone framework of 5 by taking advantage of the in situ generated alkenyl moiety, which is from the reaction of amine with palladium salt. Furthermore, the reaction of di‐amido substituted diquinone (8a) with tertiary amines led to the formations of 9a‐9d with new pyrrole and benzene rings to the moiety of 8a. Similar procedures for the reaction of 8b with tertiary amines provides an alternated route to make notable 1,4,5,8‐phenanthrenetetraone derivatives, 9e and 9f. Moreover, the reaction of diquinone (8a) with tricyclohexylphosphine led to two products, 11 and 13, with new formation of furan ring as well as PC bond. Further reaction of 11 with NBu3 yielded 14 with newly formed pyrrole ring. Crystal structures of these newly‐formed compounds revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods substantiate the claim.
Effect of lactase on symptoms and hydrogen breath levels in lactose intolerance: A crossover placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Baijal Rajiv , Tandon Rakesh K
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim

The absence of lactase in the intestinal villi due to mucosal injury or genetic factors causes undigested lactose to reach the colon where it is fermented. Lactose intolerance is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms like bloating, abdominal pain and flatulence, lactose hydrogen breath test (HBT), and lactose tolerance test. No Indian studies are available on the use of lactase supplements. The aim was to study the effect of lactase chewable tablets on clinical symptoms and hydrogen breath excretion in patients with lactose intolerance.

Methods

This was a randomized, double‐blind, crossover placebo‐controlled trial to study the effect of lactase tablets on symptoms and hydrogen breath levels in adults with lactose intolerance, confirmed by Lactose HBT. Clinical symptom severity was recorded using a visual analog scale, and HBT was performed every 30 min for 180 min. As it was a crossover design, the same patients were tested with both lactase and placebo, acting as their own controls with a washout period of 1 week between visits.

Results

Forty‐seven patients (mean age 33.6 years; 30 males) with lactose intolerance formed the study group. Clinical symptoms, mean clinical score (P < 0.05), and mean hydrogen breath levels (P < 0.05) were improved when the patients were given lactase. Reduction in cumulative hydrogen breath level over 180 min was 55% when patients received lactase compared to placebo.

Conclusions

Orally supplemented lactase enzyme significantly reduced the clinical symptoms and hydrogen breath excretion in patients with lactose intolerance.
Association of hyaluronic acid with a deproteinized bovine graft improves bone repair and increases bone formation in critical‐size bone defects
Authors: Matheus Henrique R. , Ervolino Edilson , Gusman David Jonathan Rodrigues , Alves Breno Edson Sendão , Fiorin Luiz Guilherme , Pereira Priscilla Aparecida , de Almeida Juliano Milanezi
Published: December 2020

Background

This study is designed to evaluate the potential of different formulations of hyaluronic acid (HA) to improve new bone formation in critical‐size calvaria defect (CSD) when combined with a deproteinized bovine graft (DBG) material.

Methods

Thirty male rats were used. A 5‐mm‐diameter CSD was created and three experimental groups (n = 10) were randomly assigned based on the treatments performed. Group DBG: CSD filled with a DBG; group DBG/LV: CSD filled by the combination of DBG and HA in a low‐viscosity crosslinking agent; group DBG/HV: CSD filled by the combination of DBG and HA in a high‐viscosity crosslinking agent. Animals were euthanized 30 days postoperatively. Histological, histometric (percentage of newly formed bone [PNFB], percentage of remaining graft particles, histochemical, and immunohistochemical (bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 [BMP2/4], osteocalcin [OCN], and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]) analyses were performed.

Results

The highest PNFB was observed in DBG/HV when compared with the other groups (P ≤0.05). DBG/LV and DBG/HV presented almost no inflammatory cells. In contrast, inflammation was observed in group DBG. Extensive resorption of graft particles was observed in group DBG, which was not present in DBG/LV and DBG/HV as confirmed by the larger size of the particles (P ≤0.05). BMP2/4 and OCN immunolabeling were higher in DBG/HV when compared with group DBG (P ≤0.05). Increased number of TRAP‐positive cells was observed in DBG/LV and DBG/HV (P ≤0.05). Lower percentage of mature collagen fibers was observed in DBG/HV (P ≤0.05).

Conclusion

The combination of HA in a high‐viscosity crosslinking agent with DBG improves the bone repair process and increases the amount of newly formed bone towards CSDs in rat calvaria.
Can risk groups accurately predict non‐sentinel lymph node metastasis in sentinel lymph node‐positive endometrial cancer patients? A Turkish Gynecologic Oncology Group Study (TRSGO‐SLN‐004)
Authors: Altin Duygu , Taskin Salih , Tokgozoglu Nedim , Vatansever Dogan , Guler Adbul H. , Gungor Mete , Tasci Tolga , Turan Hasan , Kahramanoglu Ilker , Yalcin Ibrahim , Celik Cetin , Kose Faruk , Ortac Firat , Arvas Macit , Ayhan Ali , Taskiran Cagatay
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives

The purpose of this study was to find out the risk factors associated with non‐sentinel lymph node metastasis and determine the incidence of non‐sentinel lymph node metastasis according to risk groups in sentinel lymph node (SLN)‐positive endometrial cancer patients.

Methods

Patients who underwent at least bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy after SLN mapping were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into low, intermediate, high‐intermediate, and high‐risk groups defined by ESMO‐ESGO‐ESTRO.

Results

Out of 395 eligible patients, 42 patients had SLN metastasis and 16 (38.1%) of them also had non‐SLN metastasis. Size of SLN metastasis was the only factor associated with non‐SLN metastasis (p = .012) as 13/22 patients with macrometastasis, 2/10 with micrometastasis and 1/10 with isolated tumor cells (ITCs) had non‐SLN metastasis. Although all 4 metastases (1.8%) among the low‐risk group were limited to SLNs, the non‐SLN involvement rate in the high‐risk group was 42.9% and all of these were seen in patients with macrometastatic SLNs.

Conclusions

Non‐SLN metastasis was more frequent in higher‐risk groups and the risk of non‐SLN metastasis increased with the size of SLN metastasis. Proceeding to complete lymphadenectomy when SLN is metastatic should further be studied as the effect of leaving metastatic non‐SLNs in‐situ is not known.
Successful Treatment of Scalp Micropigmentation With 1064 nm Picosecond Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Wu Douglas C.
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives

Scalp micropigmentation (SMP) is a useful technique that applies permanent camouflage for hair loss and scarring. However, suboptimal outcomes necessitate removal. To date, there have been no reports of SMP removal with a picosecond laser. In this report, we demonstrate the safety and efficacy of 1064 nm picosecond neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for the removal of SMP.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

This was a case series of four patients who presented with undesirable SMP. Following induction of adequate cutaneous anesthesia, a 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser was applied to all surface areas with SMP. Post‐operative care consisted of 1% dimethicone ointment applied twice daily to the affected areas for 3–7 days. Patients were evaluated after 3–4 weeks and additional treatment sessions were undertaken if necessary.

Results

Clearance of SMP was achieved within 1–3 treatment sessions in all cases. There were no unexpected adverse events.

Conclusion

Picosecond Nd:YAG laser is an excellent treatment option for undesirable SMP. It is safe and effective and typically requires fewer treatment sessions than traditional tattoo removal. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Series representations in spaces of vector‐valued functions via Schauder decompositions
Authors: Kruse Karsten
Published: December 2020

It is a classical result that every ‐valued holomorphic function has a local power series representation. This even remains true for holomorphic functions with values in a locally complete locally convex Hausdorff spaceEover . Motivated by this example we try to answer the following question. LetEbe a locally convex Hausdorff space over a field , let be a locally convex Hausdorff space of ‐valued functions on a set Ω and let be anE‐valued counterpart of (where the termE‐valued counterpart needs clarification itself). For which spaces is it possible to lift series representations of elements of to elements of ? We derive sufficient conditions for the answer to be affirmative using Schauder decompositions which are applicable for many classical spaces of functions having an equicontinuous Schauder basis.
‘He explains it in a way that I have confidence he knows what he is doing’: A qualitative study of patients' experiences and perspectives of rotator‐cuff‐related shoulder pain education
Authors: Cridland Kate , Pritchard Shane , Rathi Sangeeta , Malliaras Peter
Published: December 2020

Background

Patient education is recommended in clinical practice guidelines for rotator‐cuff‐related shoulder pain (RCRSP), yet there are no guidelines for clinicians. A gap in the current literature relates to patients' perspectives.

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perspectives of people with RCRSP about education for their condition.

Materials and methods

An inductive qualitative design was adopted. Eight participants with RCRSP participated in individual telephone interviews that were audio‐recorded, transcribed and de‐identified. Four researchers completed inductive thematic analysis. Institutional ethics approval was obtained.

Results

Results are detailed as a thematic analysis from the interview responses. Three primary themes were identified: (1) a therapeutic alliance leads to trust of education; (2) education of RCRSP should be individualized and practical; and (3) delivery of educational interventions should be varied and multi‐modal.

Discussion

The results demonstrated that trust in the health professional providing the education facilitates adherence and increases belief that the condition is being effectively treated. Participants believed imaging were necessary for an individual diagnosis despite clinical practice guidelines not recommending imaging for the first 6–12 weeks of initial presentation. There was a general caution about generic online information which may adversely impact the value of exclusively online educational intervention in the future. Participants preferred clear and practical education about RCRSP, including activity modification, timeframes for recovery and potential detriments to their recovery. There was consensus that education is best delivered early in the rehabilitation process, however there were mixed preferences for delivery method between written, video and face‐to‐face which perhaps reflects different learning styles and indicates that a ‘one size fits all’ approach is not effective in adult education in this condition.

Conclusion

People with RCRSP believe education about their condition is important and is best delivered by a trusted source early in their rehabilitation. There is a belief that scans are necessary to provide an individualized diagnosis and assists in their understanding of the condition. There is an opportunity for online education; however, this may best be utilised as an adjunct method to face‐to‐face care.
Der Fingerabdruck auf dem Kassenbon
Authors: Jonas Albert , Rubner Isabel , Oetken Marco
Published: December 2020

Tickets und Quittungen auf Thermopapieren tragen Fingerabdrücke und sind damit Beweismittel in der Kriminalistik. Allerdings ist Thermopapier ein problematischer Spurenträger: Viele der gängigen Methoden, mit denen die Spurensicherung Fingerabdrücke sichtbar macht, lösen in Thermopapier die Farbreaktion aus. Das Beweisstück färbt sich schwarz, der Aufdruck wird unleserlich, die Beweiskraft geht verloren. Dennoch lassen sich durch kontrollierte Wärmezufuhr latente Fingerabdrücke schonend entwickeln. Zudem können Schüler daran lernen, wie thermochrome Gemische funktionieren.
Der Stammbaum der Pandemie
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: December 2020

Aus 30 000 Buchstaben besteht das Genom des Covid‐19‐Erregers Sars‐Coronavirus‐2 (Sars‐Cov‐2). Virusgenome zehntausender Infizierter sind bereits sequenziert und untersucht worden. Daraus lassen sich Einzelheiten der globalen Ausbreitung ablesen und vielleicht auch Aufschlüsse darüber, wie sich die Pandemie entwickeln wird.
Leitfähige Tinten: Gedruckte Elektronik
Authors: Schroeter Paul , Westphal Marie
Published: December 2020

Bei der Elektrodenherstellung für elektronische Geräte zerstören heutige Hochtemperaturprozesse oft die empfindlichen Substrate. Das Berliner Start‐up Oreltech metallisiert mit Plasmatechnik und ohne Nanopartikel.
Prozesstechnik: Ein grüner Bruder für PET
Authors: Salazar Abel , Mejía Esteban
Published: December 2020

Ein neuer Prozess synthetisiert die Bausteine für Ethylenfuranoat. Er erlaubt, Polyethylenfuranoat zu 100 Prozent biobasiert großtechnisch zu produzieren. Es lässt sich wie Polyethylenterephthalat verwenden. Das Verfahren arbeitet katalytisch, und die Bausteine lassen sich besser verarbeiten.
Zirkuläre Lösungen für Kunststoffe
Authors: Erhardt Götz
Published: December 2020

Chemieunternehmen kennen sich mit Werkstoffen aus und produzieren Polymere. Daher sind die Unternehmen in der Lage, Plastikmüll zu reduzieren: Sie können sowohl neue Materialien entwickeln als auch die Kreislaufwirtschaft fördern.
Angewandte Ethik: Wegweiser in einer Technikgesellschaft
Authors: Hartmann Jens
Published: December 2020

Damit Ethik nicht die „Fahrradbremse am Interkontinentalflugzeug“ bleibt, wie es der Soziologe Ulrich Beck in den 1970er Jahren beschrieben hat, müssen sich auch Naturwissenschaftler und Ingenieure damit befassen. Ethische Reflexionen über Fortschritt und Technik erfordern zeitige Sensibilisierung und entsprechende Bildung.
Kreuzworträtsel: mehr Polymer wagen
Authors: Bracher Franz
Published: December 2020

Chemie zu machen ist manchmal recht anstrengend. Viel leichter ist es, nur über sie zu reden. Dies tat auch der für seine Aphorismen bekannte Naturforscher Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742 – 1799).
Magneten für Forscher
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: December 2020

München und Münster sind für Naturwissenschaftler aus dem Ausland besonders attraktiv.
Underwater superpolymphobicity: Concept, achievement, and applications
Authors: Yong Jiale , Yang Qing , Hou Xun , Chen Feng
Published: December 2020

Polymers are the most common materials in our daily lives. Reducing the adhesion between liquid polymers (LPs) and the solid substrate has great significance in manipulating and using polymers. However, the wetting behavior of an LP on a solid surface has rarely been studied compared to the extensively studied water, oils, and bubbles. Recently, the concept of underwater superpolymphobicity that a solid surface has great repellence to LPs in water was proposed. In this review, we summarize the recent advance of underwater superpolymphobicity, mainly focusing on its concept, achievement, and potential applications. Underwater superpolymphobic microstructures can be prepared on various hydrophilic substrates by the formation of proper hierarchical microstructures. The underwater superpolymphobicity can be used to reduce the adhesion of polymers on a material surface, design the shape of polymers, and separate LPs from water. We believe that the underwater superpolymphobicity may soon be in the polymers‐related applications, for example, polymer production, packing, casting industry, polymer shaping, and 3D printing.
Retrospective respiratory motion correction in cardiac cine MRI reconstruction using adversarial autoencoder and unsupervised learning
Authors: Ghodrati Vahid , Bydder Mark , Ali Fadil , Gao Chang , Prosper Ashley , Nguyen Kim‐Lien , Hu Peng
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to develop a deep neural network for respiratory motion compensation in free‐breathing cine MRI and evaluate its performance. An adversarial autoencoder network was trained using unpaired training data from healthy volunteers and patients who underwent clinically indicated cardiac MRI examinations. A U‐net structure was used for the encoder and decoder parts of the network and the code space was regularized by an adversarial objective. The autoencoder learns the identity map for the free‐breathing motion‐corrupted images and preserves the structural content of the images, while the discriminator, which interacts with the output of the encoder, forces the encoder to remove motion artifacts. The network was first evaluated based on data that were artificially corrupted with simulated rigid motion with regard to motion‐correction accuracy and the presence of any artificially created structures. Subsequently, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in vivo, our network was trained on respiratory motion‐corrupted images in an unpaired manner and was tested on volunteer and patient data. In the simulation study, mean structural similarity index scores for the synthesized motion‐corrupted images and motion‐corrected images were 0.76 and 0.93 (out of 1), respectively. The proposed method increased the Tenengrad focus measure of the motion‐corrupted images by 12% in the simulation study and by 7% in the in vivo study. The average overall subjective image quality scores for the motion‐corrupted images, motion‐corrected images and breath‐held images were 2.5, 3.5 and 4.1 (out of 5.0), respectively. Nonparametric‐paired comparisons showed that there was significant difference between the image quality scores of the motion‐corrupted and breath‐held images (P < .05); however, after correction there was no significant difference between the image quality scores of the motion‐corrected and breath‐held images. This feasibility study demonstrates the potential of an adversarial autoencoder network for correcting respiratory motion‐related image artifacts without requiring paired data.
2D time‐domain full‐waveform inversion of SH‐ and Love‐waves for geotechnical site characterization
Authors: Chen Ruoyu , Tran Khiem T. , Wang Yao
Published: December 2020

Full‐waveform inversion has proved to be an effective and robust approach for near‐surface site characterization. Past full‐waveform inversion studies have mostly focused on Rayleigh wave, with only a few studies focussing on SH‐ and Love‐waves. Compared with Rayleigh waves, the main advantages of using SH‐ and Love‐waves are that they are more sensitive to mass density of materials and require much less computing time for simulation. In this study, we present an efficient SH‐ and Love‐wave full‐waveform inversion method to extract both S‐wave velocity and mass density of soil and rock. The method is based on the solution of 2D elastic SH‐wave equations and the adjoint‐state gradient approach with an implementation of Tikhonov regularization. We use synthetic and field experiments to test the capability of the method. The synthetic experiment indicates that the presented method can accurately characterize a challenging soil profiel represented by the presence of a velocity reversal along with variable layers of high and low S‐wave velocity and density. Variable layer interfaces, true S‐wave velocity and density values are well recovered. The field experiment successfully characterizes the subsurface structure to a depth of 18 m, that includes a soil layer underlain by limestone bedrock. Two invasive standard penetration tests were conducted to verify the inverted seismic results. The trend in depth of the standard penetration test N‐values generally agrees with the inverted results, including identification of a soft soil layer.
Error estimation for second‐order partial differential equations in nonvariational form
Authors: Blechschmidt Jan , Herzog Roland , Winkler Max
Published: December 2020

Second‐order partial differential equations (PDEs) in nondivergence form are considered. Equations of this kind typically arise as subproblems for the solution of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations in the context of stochastic optimal control, or as the linearization of fully nonlinear second‐order PDEs. The nondivergence form in these problems is natural. If the coefficients of the diffusion matrix are not differentiable, the problem cannot be transformed into the more convenient variational form. We investigate tailored nonconforming finite element approximations of second‐order PDEs in nondivergence form, utilizing finite‐element Hessian recovery strategies to approximate second derivatives in the equation. We study both approximations with continuous and discontinuous trial functions. Of particular interest are a priori and a posteriori error estimates as well as adaptive finite element methods. In numerical experiments our method is compared with other approaches known from the literature.
Diversifying environmental volunteers by engaging with online communities
Authors: Winch Kayleigh , Stafford Richard , Gillingham Pippa , Thorsen Einar , Diaz Anita
Published: December 2020

Environmental volunteering can benefit participants and nature through improving physical and mental well‐being while encouraging environmental stewardship. To enhance achievement of these outcomes, conservation organizations need to reach different groups of people to increase participation in environmental volunteering. This paper explores what engages communities searching online for environmental volunteering.

We conducted a literature review of 1,032 papers to determine key factors fostering participation by existing volunteers in environmental projects. We found that the most important factor was to tailor projects to the motivations of participants. Also important were promoting projects to people with relevant interests, meeting the perceived benefits of volunteers and removing barriers to participation.

We then assessed the composition and factors fostering participation of the NatureVolunteers's online community (n = 2,216) of potential environmental volunteers and compared findings with those from the literature review. We asked whether projects advertised by conservation organizations meet the motivations and interests of this online community.

Using Facebook insights and Google Analytics we found that the online community were on average younger than extant communities observed in studies of environmental volunteering. Their motivations were also different as they were more interested in physical activity and using skills and less in social factors. They also exhibited preferences for projects which are outdoor based, and which offer close contact with wildlife. Finally, we found that the online community showed a stronger preference for habitat improvement projects over those involving species survey‐based citizen science.

Our results demonstrate mismatches between what our online community are looking for and what is advertised by conservation organizations. The online community are looking for projects which are more solitary, more physically active and more accessible by the organized transport. We discuss how our results may be used by conservation organizations to better engage with more people searching for environmental volunteering opportunities online.

We conclude that there is a pool of young people attracted to environmental volunteering projects whose interests are different to those of current volunteers. If conservation organizations can develop projects that meet these interests, they can engage larger and more diverse communities in nature volunteering.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.