bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qurilish sohasida ekologik xavfsizlikni ta’minlashning huquqiy jihatlari
Authors: Nurullayev Shoxrux
Published: October 2022

Mazkur maqolada qurilish sohasida ekologik xavfsizlikni ta’minlash tartibi va huquqiy asoslari toʻgʻrisida to‘xtalib o‘tilgan bo‘lib, ushbu sohaga oid qonunchilikdagi muammolar yuzasidan asosli takliflar taqdim qilingan. Qurilish sohasiga oid normalarda mavjud bo‘lgan ekologik atamalarga huquqiy ta’riflar ifodalab berilgan. Shuningdek, amalga oshirilayotgan qurilish ishlarida ekologik xavfsizlikni ta’minlanishning ahamiyati, atrof-muhitga yetkazilgan zarar va uning oqibatlariga alohida urg‘u berilgan. Ayniqsa, urbanizatsiyalashuv jarayonlarining globallashuvi, aholi sonining oshishi, infratuzilmaning o‘zgarishi natijasida atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilishga oid qonunchilikka ham ta’sir ko‘rsatishi ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan tahlil etilgan. Sohada uchrashi mumkin bo‘lgan huquqiy muammolar bashorat  qilingan va bartaraf etish mumkin bo‘lgan farazlar ilgari surilgan. Xulosa qismida qurilish bosqichlarida ekologik xavfsizlikni ta’minlash bo‘yicha bir qancha talablar bo‘lishi sanab o‘tilgan.
The The Effect of Current Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio on Company Value with Return on Asset as Intervening Variable in Food and Beverage Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for Period 2017-2020
Authors: Afanny Andri , Ginting Rasinta Ria , Br Tarigan Aremi Evanta , Hutagalung Galumbang
Published: October 2022

The food and beverage sector is a sector that is in great demand by investors, considering that business developments in this sector continue to experience significant growth, which is the main attraction for local and foreign entrepreneurs to invest in this sector. The rapid development of the food and beverage sector will make companies compete with each other in order to maintain and increase company value. This effort is certainly a problem for the company, because it relates to the funds that will be used. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of the current ratio and debt to equity ratio on firm value through return on assets. The method used in this research is quantitative research, and the nature of the research is explanatory. The data collection technique used is documentation. The types and sources of data are secondary data in the form of financial statements of companies in the food and beverage sector published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2020. The research data was tested using Partial Least Square (Software Smart PLS). the conclusion of this study is that the current ratio and debt to equity ratio have no effect on company value. Return on assets is not able to mediate the effect of the current ratio on company value. Return on assets is able to mediate the effect of debt to equity ratio on company value.
ENDOMETRIOSE E INFERTILIDADE - REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Nogueira Tadini Ana Clara , De Melo Morando Amaral Eduarda , Ribeiro da Silva Rocha Guilherme
Published: October 2022

A endometriose é caracterizada pela presença de tecido endometrial fora da cavidade, sendo totalizada por uma doença ginecológica inflamatória. Estima-se que, no mundo, seis a dez por cento das mulheres com dificuldades reprodutivas sejam afetadas por essa doença. As afetadas, têm comumente sintomas como dispareunia, dismenorreia, dor pélvica intensa; podendo em alguns casos serem assintomáticas. Essa variedade sintomática dar-se-á pela característica intrínseca dos diferentes fenótipos a ela associada. Outrossim, tem-se que o tratamento é individualizado, indo desde práticas observacionais, medidas terapêuticas, até procedimentos cirúrgicos.
NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF FREE COVID-19 VACCINE POLICY BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA
Authors: Effendi Ella Devianti , Putra Afdal Makkuraga
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread to many countries in the world and one of them is Indonesia. In this regard, the government's effort to suppress the pandemic is to create herd immunity by initiating a free COVID-19 vaccine program. During the socialization, the government issued a communication narrative through official media from the Commission for the Handling of COVID-19 and the National Economic Recovery, abbreviated as KPC-PEN. This paper used a rhetorical theory with a narrative paradigm from Fisher to analyze that narrative communication through PSAs and press conference video. The videos made by government to counter public distrust about vaccine safety, vaccine effectiveness, vaccines program distrust, vaccine side effects, and the vaccine rejection due to religious reasons. This study has a constructivist paradigm, with a descriptive qualitative approach and literature study research methods. As a result, the public perception of the 'rationalization narrative' and 'fidelity narrative' of government communications about COVID-19-free vaccines is still weak. For this reason, the government needs to fix the concept of policy narrative communication if it wants the free COVID-19 vaccine program to run on its target. This is a preliminary study to analyze the narrative of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in the COVID-19 free vaccine program.
Growth Rate and Sexual Performance of Domesticated Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Earthen Ponds
Authors: Oniam Vutthichai , Arkronrat Wasana
Published: October 2022

It is generally accepted that using domesticated aquatic animal is advantageous due to their adaptation to a captive environment. Despite previous reports on the domestication of the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus 1758), empirical data are lacking on the growth and sexual performance of domesticated individuals of this crab species. Thus, the growth and sexual performance were evaluated of domesticated P. pelagicus from the 1st to the 3rd generations. Domesticated crabs in the 1st (G1), 2nd (G2) and 3rd (G3) generations were reared for 150 days in 400 m2 earthen ponds at a density of 2 crabs/m2. Each generation had 3 replicates. The performance results showed that the mean final CW (11.4 cm) of G1 was higher than in G3 (9.9 cm), and G1 had a higher mean final BW (123.4 g) and SGR (4.8 % day–1) than in G2 (108.2 g and 4.7 % day–1, respectively) and G3 (102.9 g and 4.7 % day–1, respectively). The mean SR values in G1 (20.2 %), G2 (18.8 %) and G3 (18.3 %) were not significantly different. No significant differences were observed in mean FCR and productivity in G1 (5.8 and 94.1 kg/pond, respectively), G2 (6.6 and 82.9 kg/pond, respectively) and G3 (6.7 and 82.0 kg/pond, respectively). Sexual dimorphism in G1, G2 and G3 was observed at 60 days of rearing, with the sex ratio being 1:1 in each generation and 5.6 and 6.7 % of female crabs in G2 and G3, respectively, being berried in this period. In contrast, the berried females in G1 (17.6 % of females) were 1st found on day 90 of the rearing period. At day 150, the percentage composition ranges for yellow, brown and dark gray egg colors of the reared berried female crabs were 20.0 - 25.0, 40.0 - 50.0 and 25.0 - 40.0 %, respectively. These finding should assist in the future establishment of a selective breeding program that produces the 1st genetically improved strain of P. pelagicus possessing desired traits such as fast growth and high survival rates.

HIGHLIGHTS

Currently, the culture techniques for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) have not yet been fully established to expand the farms and increase productivity to a commercial scale

It is generally accepted that using domesticated broodstock is advantageous due to their adaptation to a captive environment

Successful aquaculture of P.pelagicus should rely on domesticated broodstock in which domestication improves reproductive and growth performances

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Effect of Vitamin D3 Treatment on Genes Expression of Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH), CRH Receptor 1 (CRH-R1) and Connexin-43 (CON-43) in PHM1-41 Cell Line that Induced by Hypoxia
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Alamsyah , Krisnadi Sofie Rifayani , Setiabudiawan Budi , Handono Budi
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity is one of pathophysiologic mechanism that caused preterm labor. Biologic maternal stress, for instance hypoxia condition, is one of the causes that can trigger preterm birth occasion through the activation of HPA axis. It increases Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH), CRH receptor 1 (CRH-R1), and Connexin-43 (CON-43) as the trigger of the contraction process. Vitamin D as a source of Ca2+ ion is needed for myometrium smooth muscle’s concentrations and relaxation mechanism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D3 in PHM1-41 cell line. Materials and Methods: The human smooth muscle uterine myometrium cell line PHM1-41 as an in vitro model experimental subject, treated by hypoxia oxidative stress condition and added by vitamin D3 (5, 10, 50 and 150 nM). The dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescent was used to measure the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, RNA of treated PHM1-41cells was isolated for analyzing gene expressions such as CRH, CRH-R1, and CON-43 as a profile of contractility regulation. Results: ROS level effectively decrease in the cells that treated by 150 nM vitamin D3 group compared to the control hypoxia cell group (7.16 ± 0.23 and 19.49 ± 1.76, respectively). Expression of CRH, CRH-R1, and CON-43 genes are also decrease by treated with 150 nM vitamin D3 to the cells. Pearson (parametric) correlation analysis evidenced a negative correlation between the vitamin D3 additional treated to the lower of ROS level, CRH, CRH-R1, and CON-43 genes expression on PHM1-41 cell line that induced by oxidative stress condition. Conclusion: The concentration of 150 nM vitamin D3 was a prominent potency to prevent the incidence of preterm labor.

HIGHLIGHTS

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the causes of preterm birth that marked by high level of intracellular ROS leads to increasing of Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH) which has significant role in aterm and preterm labor

PHMI-41 cells can describe the Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH), CRH receptor 1 (CRH-R1), and Connexin-43 (CON-43) genes expression level so it was used as model of human pregnancy condition

Vitamin D3 is one of antioxidant agent that can decrease ROS level also CRH, CRH-R1, and CON-43 genes expression on PHM1-41 cell especially at doses of 150 nM which shown a prominent potency to prevent the preterm labor incidence

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Komparasi PID, FLC, dan ANFIS sebagai Kontroller Dual Axis Tracking Photovoltaic berbasis Bat Algorithm
Authors: Hidayatul Nurohmah  , Ali Machrus , Rukslin  , Dwi Ajiatmo  , Muhammad Agil Haikal
Published: October 2022

Photovoltaic merupakan pembangkit energy listrik terbarukan yang sangat cocok untuk negara trapis yang banyak mendapat sinar matahari. Akan tetapi pembangkit ini mempunyai efisiensi yang masih kecil. Untuk mengatasi kekurangan ini, beberapa peneliti telah megoptimasi dengan metode dual axis tracking solar secara konvensional. Diperlukan penelitian dengan mengoptimasi menggunakan kecerdasan buatan, dalam hal ini Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)  dan Bat Algorithm (BA). Dengan membandingkan performasi model tanpa kontrol, model PID konvensional, PID Auto tuning matlab, metode Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), metode ANFIS, dan metode ANFIS-BA. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa desain model terbaik pada harisontal axis dan vertical axis dual tracking photovoltaic adalah ANFIS-BA dengan overshot terkecil, undershot terkecil, dan settling time tercepat dari semua desain model.
A dinâmica do parentesco Kariri-Xocó e a força do ritual nas experiências de mobilidade de jovens “gueis”
Authors: Damasceno da Silva Santana Maiara
Published: October 2022

Este artigo se propõe a analisar os processos de recriação e negociação do parentesco, a partir da mobilidade de jovens Kariri-Xocó “gueis” para a cidade e o posterior retorno para a aldeia. Entendendo a mobilidade como um conteúdo do parentesco, verifica-se que o deslocamento atua como forma de gerenciar as críticas e conflitos com os(as) parentes(as). As discussões mobilizadas atravessam a imaterialidade do Ouricuri, ritual sagrado entre os(as) Kariri-Xocó, concluindo o seu papel na produção de parentes e na restituição de laços entre aquele(a) que sai e aquele(a) que permanece na aldeia.
Different Trends in American Cinema: The New Hollywood Cinema and Easy Rider Movie Example
Authors: TOSUN Akıl Fikret
Published: October 2022

Yeni Hollywood Sineması Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde toplumsal, siyasal, ekonomik ve kültürel gerilimlerin ve dönüşümlerin yaşandığı bir iklimde ortaya çıkmıştır. Birçoklarınca başlangıcı 1967 yılına ve bitişi 1977 yılına etiketlendirilen Yeni Hollywood Sineması bir takım eleştirmenlerce Amerikan sinemasının Rönesans’ı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Yeni Hollywood sinemasının ortaya çıkışına Amerikan sinemasına egemen olan stüdyo sisteminin çöküşü, Televizyonun yaygınlaşması, Fransız yeni dalga akımının ve Avrupa sanat sinemasının teknik ve estetik özelliklerinin Amerikalı genç yönetmenler üzerindeki etkileri, yeni bir genç kuşağın temsil ettiği karşı kültürün varlığı neden olmuştur. Yeni Hollywood sineması Amerikan toplumuna dair farklı yaklaşımlarıyla dikkat çekmiş ve özellikle muhafazakâr kültürel değerlere muhalif olan genç izleyicilerin beğenisini kazanmıştır. Fakat Yeni Hollywood sinemasının önemi içeriksel yeniliklerinin yanı sıra biçimsel yeniliklerinden de kaynaklanmaktadır. Yeni Hollywood Sinemasının en çarpıcı ve en çok tartışılan filmlerinden birisi Dennis Hopper’un yönetmenliğini yaptığı 1969 yılı yapımı Easy Rider filmidir. Easy Rider içeriğinin yanı sıra biçimsel yenilikleriyle de derin izler bırakmıştır. Bu çalışma Yeni Hollywood Sinemasını ve onu ortaya çıkaran sanatsal, toplumsal, politik, kültürel ve ekonomik koşulları merkeze alarak Easy Rider filminin etkileyici biçimsel yeniliklerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Responding to the Multiple Crises of Financialized Capitalism
Authors: Sorg Christoph
Published: October 2022

Chapter 5 argues that in response to the financial crisis of 2008 mobilization
around debt has spilled over from Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa,
and South/-east Asia towards North Africa and the North Atlantic, where
conflicts around debt have increased dramatically since 2006. The chapter
first elaborates the financial, economic, social and political features of
the crisis and then argues that these features crucially shaped the field
of contentious debt politics. I then analyze how this critical juncture was
interpreted by established transnational movement networks and INGOs
in the field of contentious debt politics as threats to debtor countries and
affected citizens, but also as an opportunity to challenge neoliberalism
and hegemonic debt politics in new geographical contexts.
Debtors’ Clubs and Debtors’ Unions
Authors: Sorg Christoph
Published: October 2022

This chapter turns to the second process pivotal for mobilization. In
addition to existing actors reorienting their focus in response to the crisis,
the occupations since 2010 politicized a new generation of actors, many of
whom started to identify debt as a pivotal field of politics during or after the
acampadas. I embed this analysis within a broader study of three processes
following the (understudied) demobilization of the squares. Finally, the
chapter discusses concepts from social movement studies to discern the
different organizational repertoires by the three different cases. I close
by introducing the twin concepts of debtors’ club for a group of indebted
states and debtors’ union for a collective of indebted individuals.
Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean World
Authors: Chirikure Shadreck
Published: October 2022

This contribution combines the picture in overland southern Africa with
that emerging around the wider Indian Ocean region to amend and/or
augment understandings of the nature and consequence of the region’s
participation in the highly complex early global trade. Traditional narratives
framed within the core and periphery thinking emphasized that Asia
was the center controlling the southern African periphery. A reassessment
of circulatory knowledge involved in the Indian Ocean trade shows that
southern Africa had a long-term active participation but had agency in
selecting what to and what not to incorporate. This calls for balanced
narratives that consider the overland and maritime trade from a local
agency point of view to fully understand the participation and impact
of southern Africa’s involvement with the Maritime Silk Road routes.
Chinese Ceramics on the Maritime Silk Road
Authors: Miksic John N.
Published: October 2022

Archaeologists are just beginning to exploit the potential of Chinese
ceramics to reconstruct patterns of trade. This chapter summarizes data
showing the fluctuation in the quantity of Chinese ceramics exported
to the region over this period. It also explores the connection between
Chinese ceramics and Southeast Asia’s sociocultural evolution during
this period, including the influence of the China trade on Southeast Asian
urbanization and relations between ports and their hinterlands. It has
been suggested that ports in Southeast Asia dominated their hinterlands,
but this chapter will argue that hinterland dwellers as well as inhabitants
of offshore islands exerted a significant degree of political and economic
autonomy until the colonial period.
Cross-Border Traders in Northern Laos
Authors: Rowedder Simon , Schendel Willem , Harris Tina
Published: October 2022

Northern Laos has become a prominent spot in large-scale, top-down mappings and studies of neoliberal globalisation and infrastructural development linking Thailand and China, and markets further beyond. Yet in the common narrative, in which Laos appears as a weak victim helplessly exposed to its larger neighbours, attention is seldom paid to local voices. This book fills this gap. Building on long-term multi-sited fieldwork, it accompanies northern Lao cross-border traders closely in their transnational worlds of mobilities, social relations, economic experimentation and aspiration. Cross-Border Traders in Northern Laos: Mastering Smallness demonstrates that these traders’ indispensable but often invisible role in the everyday workings of the China-Laos-Thailand borderland economy relies on their rhetoric and practices of ‘smallness’—of framing their transnational trade activities in a self-deprecating manner and stressing their economic inferiority. Decoding their discursive surface of insignificance, this ethnography of ‘smallness’ foregrounds remarkable transnational social and economic skills that are mostly invisible in Sino-Southeast Asian borderland scholarship.
Flavian Responses to Nero's Rome
Authors: Heerink Mark , Meijer Esther , Moormann Eric , Raimondi Cominesi Aurora , Wolsfeld Anne , Cordes Lisa , Ambühl Annemarie , Schulz Verena , Nauta Ruurd , Gallia Andrew , Stover Tim
Published: October 2022

In this interdisciplinary volume, a team of classicists, historians, and archaeologists examines how the memory of the infamous emperor Nero was negotiated in different contexts and by different people during the ensuing Flavian age of imperial Rome. The contributions show different Flavian responses to Nero’s complicated legacy: while some aspects of his memory were reinforced, others were erased. Emphasizing the constant and diverse nature of this negotiation, this book proposes a nuanced interpretation of both the Flavian age itself and its relation to Nero’s Rome. By combining the study of these strategies with architectural approaches, archaeology, and memory studies, this volume offers a multifaceted picture of Roman civilization at a crucial turning point, and as such will have something to offer anyone interested in classics, (ancient) history, and archaeology.
The Cognitions Underpinning Online Discrimination, Derogatory Sarcasm, and Anti-cosmopolitanism towards Syrians at Europe’s Periphery
Authors: Ianosev Bogdan , Özdüzen Özge
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on the anti-cosmopolitan attitudes surging in Europe
and its periphery following the so-called refugee crisis by capturing digital
publics as a function of intuitive cognition. It studies the emergence of
sarcastic anti-cosmopolitan attitudes on Twitter in this period. The chapter
examines #FreeEUForRefugees hashtag – a sarcastic form of online engagement
exemplifying a publicly expressed willingness of people in Turkey to
“send” Syrian refugees to Europe. The chapter contributes to the literature
on contemporary anti-cosmopolitan movements, fed by the global rise of far
right and the electoral powers the radical right has gained, whilst presenting
evidence to the wider areas of critical social media studies and cognitive
psychology behind anti-immigrant attitudes. The chapter analyses how
discontent towards and violence against ethnic and racial minorities are
legitimised on social media platforms and provides situational conditions
for such rhetoric, whilst highlighting the largely automatic cognitive
mechanisms likely involved in perpetuating anti-Syrian attitudes.
A Shifting Paradigm of Urban Regeneration in Seoul?
Authors: Lee Taehee , Han Sukyoung
Published: October 2022

The Urban Regeneration Project (URP) in South Korea was officially
introduced in 2013 with a formal statement of an urban policy paradigm
shift. According to the central government, the URP differs fundamentally
from the comprehensive urban redevelopment method or governmentled
planning in that it is oriented towards an inclusive and participatory
approach in decision-making. Several novel organizations such as the
Residents’ Committee were introduced as a part of this approach. Seoul in
particular, has promoted the URP most proactively at the city level. In this
chapter, the authors investigate whether the newly introduced inclusive and
participatory approach was implemented as it was designed. Subsequently,
the authors evaluate whether the URP could be assessed as a ‘paradigm shift’.
Women in Profile Portraiture
Authors: Toreno Elisabetta
Published: October 2022

In the fifteenth century, the formats commonly used for panel portraits were the
profile and the three-quarter view. The former was popular in central-northern
Italy, especially for female likenesses. With fifty-seven works, this chapter attempts
a taxonomy of the Italian profile likenesses by studying the format’s entwined
aesthetic and conceptual origins, and its perceived suitability for portraying
women. With analyses that also consider the spreading popularity of profiles to
decorate nuptial and domestic items, it concludes that these paintings are “icons
of urbanitas,” as I call them, because they represent the civic and civil ideals of the
social network that commissioned and viewed these works. I foreshadowed this
trajectory in the previous chapter’s suggestion about relational and mnemonic
conditions of spectatorship. Linked to this concept is a distinction that I introduce
here between a mode of seeing-in of the northern audiences and seeing-as of the
Italian audiences. I will expand the terms of this difference throughout the book.
Netherlandish or Not Netherlandish? Is That the Question?
Authors: Toreno Elisabetta
Published: October 2022

It is often claimed that the oil medium, three-quarter format, and deceptive illusionism
of Netherlandish likenesses represented a watershed between medieval and
modern portraiture in Europe. Some have also proposed that this style of portraiture
helped the Italians break free from the tradition of the profile format. This chapter
considers how these two portrait cultures expressed fifteenth-century modernity.
My reflections are rooted in the rendition of the female likenesses in relation
to what I consider relevant to the enquiry: pictorial styles, use of backgrounds,
and quality of spectatorship informed by my distinction between seeing-in and
seeing-as. The discussion is entwined with the woman question, concluding with
a critical assessment of Leonardo’s Ginevra de’ Benci (1474–1478). With this work,
I define the psychological relationship between women and their own imaging.
Fifteenth-Century Venice: Performing Imaging
Authors: Toreno Elisabetta
Published: October 2022

The portraiture hitherto discussed is representative of the modernisation of
the genre in fifteen-century Europe. As urban professionalism settled within
the spheres of power, it stimulated cultural and material by-products that also
constitute the visual signs of these portraits. A study of these signs should consider
the extent to which mimetic expressions betrayed the practical and psychological
concerns of shifting social orders. Regarding female portraiture, it should also
consider the extent to which the economy of this urban professionalism had
benefited from the patriarchal system. The Venetian culture of display suits
an exploration of these questions. Therefore, it is the subject with which I shall
conclude this book. This final chapter probes the effects of the laws on dowries
and marriage on the Venetian patriciate. In treating this subject as a case study,
I propose that portraiture as an object of display was complemented by symbolic
actions in the public sphere, the theatre for self-imaging.
Critical analysis of employees' interaction at different levels in the institutions of higher learning in Kenya
Authors: Paul Makono Ombati
Published: October 2022

This study was aimed at determining the level of interaction between the two cadres of employees at Egerton University Njoro Campus. Stress affects an individual's physical and mental health, performance and interpersonal relationships. This study involved a survey of 100 non-teaching staff of the Njoro Campus. A proportionate random sample was obtained after the stratification of employees by cadre and gender. The questionnaire was done, and necessary modifications were implemented before the actual data collection. Data on employee personal traits, job cadre, educational background, attitude to work and stress coping strategies were collected using a questionnaire and self-report test. Data collected were analysed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The research found that the level of interaction between the two cadres of employees of Egerton University is good; hence, stress has a significant effect on job performance and interpersonal relationships among the employees. There is a need to establish a staff-support centre at the University, where employees can be offered emotional and psychological support through professional counselling.
The modes of agricultural practices embraced by the people of Abogeta Sub County before the period 1937-1980
Authors: Lydia Gaceri Kaburu  , Caroline Mucece Kithinji  , Dickson K. Nkonge
Published: October 2022

Agricultural activities are very crucial part of a people’s economic engagements. This study is about a history on the transition from subsistence to cash crop farming in Abogeta Sub-County in Meru County, Kenya, from 1937-1980. The main economic activity of the people in Abogeta Sub County is farming and keeping livestock. Before 1937 farming practices were mainly for subsistence. Crops grown included millet, sorghum, peas, arrowroots, yams, beans and cowpeas.  However many changes have occurred in the agricultural sector by 1937. The purpose of this study was to examine the transition from subsistence to cash crop farming and its effects on food production in Abogeta Sub County of Meru from 1937 to 1980. The study aimed at investigating the modes of agricultural practices embraced by the people of Abogeta Sub County from 19371980. The study employed descriptive research design to describe the events as they occurred systematically. The target population was 179608 as per 2019 census. A total of 30 respondents were randomly sampled and interviewed from Abogeta Sub County. The instruments of data collection were interview schedules, focused group discussions and observation schedule. The study revealed that traditionally people from Abogeta Sub County engaged in subsistence farming. The study also noted that the transition had both positive and negative impacts on people of Abogeta. Policy makers in the government may use the study to find solutions to food insecurity in Abogeta Sub County of Meru-County.
Displacement for development: The nature of oil-induced displacement of households in Turkana County
Authors: Kirui Agnes Cheptoo
Published: October 2022

This study sought to examine the displacement of households in the Lokichar-Kochodin basin due to the discovery and mining of oil in Turkana County. Guided by Anthony Giddens’ “Structuration Theory” in exploring the social processes associated with oil-induced displacement, a cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. A mixed method approach was further employed to collect data using questionnaires, focus group discussion (FGD) guides, and key informant interview (KII) guides. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21 and Nvivo, respectively. The study found that the displaced households experienced loss of land for cultivation, and grazing, loss of social infrastructure, loss of residences, and overall loss of their livelihoods. The study concludes that oil-induced displacement, as a category or cause of development-induced displacement, is associated with adverse environmental, human-social, economic, and physical livelihood vulnerabilities for the affected populations. Therefore it is recommended that the government of Kenya should contemplate passing a law that necessitates compensation for affected victims in the line of development.
Samburu pastrolists’ utilisation of vital resources for survival in colonial Kenya
Authors: Paul Tubla Lenarum
Published: October 2022

This study examines the resources vital for the survival of the Samburu pastoral people in pre-colonial Kenya and their use. The study covers the period from 1895 to 1961. The study discussed the Samburu traditional land tenures systems and exploitation of resources. It examined Samburu subsistence production. This study used two theories to achieve the set objectives. It utilised Carl Marx’s theory of political economy, which postulates that it is common ends that govern human relations. It is economic structure also referred to as substructure that provides the basis for the society on which the superstructure is built upon. The constituents of the superstructure are found on the analysis to reflect the interest of the dominant class. The study also uses Articulation theory of producing modes of production as advanced by Lonsdale and Bruce. Articulation theory is relevant to the study as it links the Samburu pastoralist pre-capitalist subsistence system of production to British Colonial State capitalist system of production. This study used both primary and secondary sources. The method selected to carry out this study was qualitative research method. The semi-structured questions were used in the interview. Data was analysed, categorized according to topics and subtopics. It was interpreted, written down and finally presented. The research findings will contribute to the historiography of pastoralism in Kenya.
Assessing the sustainability content in Kenya’s interior design curricula
Authors: Vikiru George; Mireri Caleb Rose Achieng Oduho;
Published: October 2022

This study aims at providing local pertinent facts on the level of sustainability content integration and pedagogical methods used to deliver Interior Design courses in Kenya's training. A systematic audit of undergraduate curricula was undertaken to understand the extent to which sustainability content was included in Kenya's Design education. Document analysis was employed to gather information from four of Kenya's University curricula for Interior Design. Heads of Design curricula from sampled Universities were also interviewed to corroborate the facts gathered from the respective universities. The data collected were analysed using descriptive methods of statistics. Findings suggest that sustainability content included in the curriculum is minimal (6.3%), yet students are more likely to adopt practises that promote a healthy indoor environment when integrated. Consequently, this significantly reduces problems linked to Sick Building Syndrome. In this regard, sustainability content should be increased in Kenya's interior design curriculum to ensure future designers are equipped with the knowledge and skills to promote sustainable interiors that focus on Indoor Air Quality, water efficiency, green materials and technology.
Analysing ICT resources available for integration in teaching and learning Kiswahili fasihi simulizi in public secondary schools in Kenya
Authors: Githinji Damaris Gakii  , Khaemba  Ongeti  , David  Wanyonyi
Published: October 2022

This study sought to analyse ICT resources available for integration. The study adopted the Siemens Connectivism Learning Theory. The study used mixed method research (MMR). The exploratory sequential design was used, and data were collected from school Principals, Kiswahili teachers and students. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s table for arriving at the sample size, 113 public secondary schools were randomly selected from a population of 172 secondary schools in Baringo County. The total participants were 636 principals, teachers and students. Instruments for data generation were questionnaires, interviews, checklists and tests. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA analysed quantitative data and ANOVA. Qualitative data was presented in themes. The study concludes that ICT resources in most public secondary schools are inadequate, and teachers are not well skilled and competent enough to integrate these resources in teaching and learning. The study recommends that the cost of ICT equipment and resources be reduced by waiving import tax and that computer-assisted instructions be assembled locally. On the other hand, school administrators and managers should plan and set aside funds to purchase ICT resources to promote ICT integration.
Is Africa a sleeping giant or a giant that died in its sleep? A search for the voice of indigene in their development
Authors: Rebecca Ng’ang’a
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Africa a sleeping giant or a giant that died in its sleep. The denial of Africa's identity to its people and the imposition of the western culture are two essential things that imperialism and colonialism bequeathed Africa using a foreign language, education system and introduction of cultural beliefs that enmeshed people into a stupor. Consequently, the trajectory of Africans' existential life has primarily been altered by various factors, including culture, economy, and education infrastructure. Scholars have often observed that this is one of the reasons the African continent lags compared to the rest of the world in regard to development. From this perspective, this paper brings forth the arguments that today, Africa still grapples with such challenges as poor communication networks, poor infrastructure, poor education system and insecurity, besides the fact that Africa seems not to know herself. Furthermore, this paper argues that despite its significant endowment with human and natural resources, the African continent has been impoverished and underdeveloped. Still, it is ‘waking up and freeing itself. In conclusion, the author observes that to gain sustainable development, Africa ought first to discover herself. In essence, there are signs that individual African people show a sense of self-awareness, exploring and examining the factors that hold them and coming up with practical solutions that contribute to a transformative society.
Reconsidering the morphological understanding of traditional Chinese cities: a study of the early spatial modernization of Suzhou, 1880–1949
Authors: Fu Shulan , Wang Jiaqi , Sun Guoqing
Published: October 2022

Based on the mapping of nine historical maps of the ancient capital of Suzhou from 1880 to 1949, this paper examines the early spatial modernization of Suzhou in the late-Qing and Republican eras. The mapping is interpreted as four periods to provide a coherent narrative for the spatial transformation of Suzhou, following a discussion of its historico-geographical features and morphological influences that define the course of the city’s modernity by extracting three key components: the modern road network, public building utilizations of significant modernity, and the growth and fringe of built-up areas. To do so the paper draws upon current debates on the feasibility of urban morphological study of Chinese cities in early-modern times, particularly the idea that applications of typical urban morphological approaches are more limited than those of comparable studies in Europe, to provide a new approach to observe the morphological features and spatial cognition of Chinese traditional cities.
Mapping post-socialist changes in urban tissues: a comparative study of Belgrade and Krakow
Authors: Kantarek Anna Agata K , Kwiatkowski Krzysztof , Korbel Wojciech , Djokić Vladan , Djordjević Aleksandra , Niković Ana , Samuels Ivor
Published: October 2022

This project on post-socialist urban form in Belgrade and Krakow was undertaken by the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology and the Institute of Architecture and Urban and Spatial Planning of Serbia, involving field visits to both cities. A brief historical review and discussion of planning contexts is followed by an analysis of urban tissues from which five cases, characteristic of both cities, were selected for analysis. These range from peripheral areas to major city-centre streets and typical modern developments. A GIS database was prepared for each case and comparisons made of land use patterns, the year-by-year establishment of new plots, Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Building Area Ratio (BAR). Plot development is examined through the analysis of the relationship between construction year, plot size, the number of buildings on each plot, and increases of floor and building area ratio. The project highlights parallels between the impacts to which similar urban tissues in the two countries have been exposed during the post-socialist period and reveals the variety of problems and challenges of urban regulation, land ownership and housing investments in relation to post- socialist urban form.
The study of urban form in Iran
Authors: Abaee Mazyar
Published: October 2022

The study of urban form in Iran has not produced a substantial body of knowledge. This paper categorizes the works of Iranian researchers into two main groups. The first group comprises the efforts of individual researchers, forming the origins of this field of study. This group includes studies on individual cities or the history of urban form, explanations of the fundamental concepts of urban morphology, and the use of urban form as a general term. The second group comprises the currently-emerging flow of research. This relies on more precise explanations of urban morphological concepts, addressing urban morphology and its varied methods, including space syntax. These publications are categorized by the scale, methodological approach, elements examined, temporal dimension, cities studied, techniques used, relation to other fields of knowledge, major field of study and reliance on a technical vocabulary of urban morphology. This paper thus presents a critical review of the study of urban form in Iran to reveal gaps of this field of research, and identifies the urban morphology domains that remain unexplored by Iranian scholars.
Air Pollution and the World of Work: Policies, Initiatives and the Current Situation – A Scoping and Evidence Review for Southeast and East Asia.
Authors:   Stockholm Environment Institute, Slater Jessica , Han Jenny Yi-Chen , Adelina Charrlotte , Nikam Jaee , Archer Diane , Nguyen Ha , Kim Dayoon
Published: October 2022

This scoping report synthesizes the authors’ initial work to understand the differentiated impacts of air pollution on workers in East and Southeast Asian countries and to identify evidence-based recommendations from regional case studies to help improve air quality and foster healthy employment in the context of just transitions towards a low-carbon economy.
The Influence of Strategic Leadership Roles of Chief Executive Officers on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nleya Lizanani , Chummun Bibi
Published: October 2022

Chief Executive Officers of small and medium enterprises have a tremendous task to strategically lead their institutions to become active players contributing positively to the gross domestic product and create more employment opportunities. This study seeks to establish the influence of strategic leadership roles of Chief executive officers/owners of small and medium enterprises on the performance of these institutions in the Zimbabwean economy. The study followed the quantitative research approach to collect data using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire from a sample size of 373 respondents selected using the simple random sampling method. The study employed the exploratory factor-structural equation modelling process to analyse data after collating several questions from the extant literature. The analysis tools used were the IBM SPSS Statistics v26 and IBM SPSS Amos v26 software. All the five strategic leadership roles had a significant effect on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. The study findings will help Chief Executive Officers of Small Medium Enterprises in Zimbabwe to execute their strategic leadership roles incisively with due diligence given their effect on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises.
Measurement Report: Atmospheric CH4 at regional stations of the Korea Meteorological Administration/Global Atmosphere Watch Programme: measurement, characteristics and long-term changes of its drivers
Authors: Lee Haeyoung , Seo Won-Ick , Li Shanlan , Lee Soojeong , Kenea Samuel , Joo Sangwon
Published: October 2022

Abstract. To quantify CH4 emissions at policy-relevant spatial scales, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) started monitoring its atmospheric levels in 1999 at Anmyeondo (AMY), and expanded monitoring to Jeju Gosan Suwolbong (JGS) and Ulleungdo (ULD) in 2012. The monitoring system consists of a Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer (CRDS) and a new cryogenic drying method, with a measurement uncertainty (68 % c.i.) of 0.7–0.8 ppb. To determine the regional characteristics of CH4 at each KMA station, we assessed the CH4 level relative to local background (CH4xs), analyzed local surface winds and CH4 with bivariate polar plots, and investigated CH4 diurnal cycles. We also compared the CH4 levels measured at KMA stations with those measured at the Mt. Waliguan (WLG) station in China and Ryori (ROY) station in Japan. CH4xs followed the order AMY (55.3±37.7 ppb) > JGS (24.1±10.2 ppb) > ULD (7.4±3.9 ppb). Although CH4 was observed in well mixed air at AMY, it was higher than at other KMA stations, indicating that it was affected not only by local sources but also by distant air masses. Annual mean CH4 was highest at AMY among all East Asian stations, while its seasonal amplitude was smaller than at JGS, which was strongly affected in the summer by local biogenic activities. From the long-term records at AMY, we confirmed that the source of CH4xs changed from the past (2006 to 2010) to recent (2016 to 2020) years in East Asia. Especially in northern China, CH4xs was mainly attributed to fossil fuel combustion or biomass burning during 2006–2010, but mainly to biogenic activities during 2016–2020, as indicated by decreasing δ13CH4 from the northern China. CH4 emissions in the southern part of China and in South Korea were enhanced by biogenic signals during 2016–2020. We confirmed that long-term high-quality data can help understand changes in CH4 emissions in East Asia.
Possible influence of sudden stratospheric warmings on the atmospheric environment in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
Authors: Lu Qian , Rao Jian , Shi Chunhua , Guo Dong , Fu Guiqin , Wang Ji , Liang Zhuoqi
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts fifth-generation (ERA5) and second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) reanalysis and surface meteorological observation data, this study explores the possible impact of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events on air quality in the
Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region. Major SSW events are divided into polar vortex displacement SSW and polar vortex split SSW. As the duration of split
SSW events is longer and the stratospheric signal pulses propagate further
downward than displacement SSWs, subseasonal variability of the atmospheric
particulates in the BTH is larger during split SSWs. The air particulate
concentration is light before the SSW onset due to the enhanced perturbation
in the troposphere associated with strengthened planetary waves. The air
particulate concentration around the SSW onset dates begins to rise due to
weakening of the tropospheric disturbance as the enhanced planetary waves
enter the stratosphere. In the decaying period of the SSW, the air
particulate concentration decreases as the stratospheric negative northern annular mode (NAM) signal propagates downward. Specifically, in the pre-SSW
period of displacement (split) SSW events, a wavenumber-1-like
(wavenumber-2-like) anomaly pattern is strengthened. The East Asian winter
monsoon intensifies as the East Asian trough is deepened, especially before the split SSW event onset, leading to a cleaning period. Around the SSW
onset period as the tropospheric perturbation diminishes and the East Asian
winter monsoon weakens, a surge of air particulate concentration is
observed. After the SSW onset, due to the downward propagation of the
stratospheric negative NAM signal, cold anomalies form in northeastern East Asia, especially for split SSWs, corresponding to a cleaning period in
the BHT region. The local meteorological conditions during the SSWs are also
discussed.
The realization of autonomous, aircraft-based, real-time aerosol mass spectrometry in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Authors: Dragoneas Antonis , Molleker Sergej , Appel Oliver , Hünig Andreas , Böttger Thomas , Hermann Markus , Drewnick Frank , Schneider Johannes , Weigel Ralf , Borrmann Stephan
Published: October 2022

Abstract. We report on the developments that enabled the field deployment of a fully automated aerosol mass spectrometer, especially designed for high-altitude measurements on unpressurized aircraft. The merits of the two main categories of real-time aerosol mass spectrometry, i.e. (a) single-particle laser desorption and ionization and (b) continuous thermal
desorption and electron impact ionization of aerosols, have been integrated
into one compact apparatus with the aim to perform in situ real-time
analysis of aerosol chemical composition. The demonstrated instrument, named the ERICA (European Research Council Instrument for Chemical composition of Aerosols), operated successfully aboard the high-altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica at altitudes up to 20 km while being exposed to ambient conditions of
very low atmospheric pressure and temperature. A primary goal of those field deployments was the in situ study of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL). During 11 research flights, the instrument operated for more than 49 h and collected chemical composition information of more than 150 000 single particles combined with quantitative chemical composition analysis of aerosol particle ensembles. This paper presents in detail the technical characteristics of the main constituent parts of the instrument, as well as the design considerations for its integration into the aircraft and its autonomous operation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Additionally, system performance data from the first field deployments of the instrument are presented and discussed, together with exemplary mass spectrometry data collected during those flights.