bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of applied microbial cultures on the structure and diversity of bacterial communities associated with Phyllostachys edulis
Authors: Liu Fang , Yuan Zong-sheng , Zeng Zhi-hao , Pan Hui
Published: June 2023

In order to study the feasibility of microbial cultures on the artificial regulation of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forest. This study used the microorganisms isolated in the previous research to prepare microbial cultures, and studied the degree of its influence on the bacterial community of Moso bamboo tissue and soil. We collected 36 samples of bamboo whip, whip root, rhizosphere soil, and non-rhizosphere soil of P. edulis before and after the application of microbial cultures. Genomic DNA was extracted and Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and changes of bacterial communities before and after the application of microbial cultures. Twenty-nine phyla, 96 classes, 229 orders, 444 families, and 974 genera of bacteria were identified from all samples. The dominant phyla of the sample bacteria were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Myxomycetes, and Bacteroidetes. Treatment with microbial cultures did not alter the bacterial community in the rhizomes, rhizome roots, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soil of P. edulis. However, the bacterial diversity indices of the rhizomes and rhizome roots of P. edulis increased with time after treatment. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was most affected by the application of microbial cultures, and the rhizosphere soil samples were least affected by the application. Venn diagram and principal coordinate analyses confirmed that the composition of the bacterial community was affected by microbial cultures, but with time, the effect became smaller. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for studies on relationships between the growth of P. edulis and the microbiome, and further provide experimental evidence for the transformation of P. edulis through microbial regulation.
Association between preoperative frailty and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery in geriatric patients: Study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, real-world observational, cohort trial
Authors: Sun Yongtao , Guo Na , Zhang Min , Liu Mengjie , Gao Zhongquan , Sun Tao , Gao Xiaojun , Xu Lingling , Zhang Haixia , Wei Chuansong , Liu Peng , Liu Yang , Zhang Xiaoning , Guo Yongle , Chen Lina , Zhou Zheng , Su Zhenqiang , Hu Yanmei , Shi Xin , Huang Linlin , Wang Yuelan
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Frailty has become a worldwide health burden that has a large influence on public health and clinical practice. The incidence of frailty is anticipated to increase as the aging population increases. Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) is associated with short-term and long-term mortality. The incidence of MINS in geriatric frail patients is unknown.
Methods and analysis:
This prospective, multicentre, real-world observational cohort study will be conducted at 18 designated centres in China from January 2023 to December 2024, with an anticipated sample size of 856 patients aged 65 and older who are scheduled to undergo noncardiac surgery. The primary outcome measure will be the incidence of MINS. MINS is defined as a fourth-generation plasma cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentration ≥ 0.03 ng/mL at least once within 30 days after surgery, with or without symptoms of myocardial ischaemia. All data will be collected using research electronic data acquisition.
Discussion
This study will explore the incidence of MINS in frail patients. The characteristics, predictive factors and 30-day outcomes of MINS in frail patients will be further investigated to lay the foundation for finding clinical interventions.
Clinical trial registration:
https://beta.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05635877 , NCT05635877
Physiological and molecular responses of a resistant and susceptible wheat cultivar to the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Gohari Amir Mirzadi , Noei Fateme Ghiasi , Ebrahimi Amin , Ghanbari Mohammad Amin , Didaran Fardad , Farzaneh Mohsen , Mehrabi Rahim
Published: June 2023

Background
Zymoseptoria tritici is the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch, one of the most economically destructive wheat foliar diseases. Here, we investigate the physiological and molecular changes triggered in two contrastingly responding wheat cultivars upon infection by Z. tritici. To accomplish this, we combined a qPCR with a targeted quantitative HPLC technique to evaluate the expression profiles of 13 defense-related genes and to profile the polyphenolic compounds induced differentially in two applied interactions.
Results
Our finding indicated that five out of 13 genes were strongly up-regulated in the resistant cultivar compared with that of the susceptible one at eight days post-inoculation (dpi), corresponding to the transition phase present in the infection process of Z. tritici. Additionally, our targeted HPLC analysis demonstrated that the traced phenolic compounds were highly elevated in the susceptible cultivar infected by Z. tritici compared with that of the resistant cultivar. Finally, our quantitative histopathological study showed that H2O2 accumulated in the resistant cultivar to a higher degree compared to the susceptible one at the biotrophic and switching phase.
Conclusion
To sum up, we conclude that Z. tritici mediates physiological and molecular alternations upon infection of wheat plants. Furthermore, the transition phase is likely a turning point in mounting incompatibility/compatibility in Z. tritici-wheat relationship, requiring further experiments to elucidate this claim in further detail.
USP36 mediates Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy through inhibiting ubiquitination and degradation of PARP1
Authors: Wang Dongchen , Jiang Zihao , Kan Junyan , Jiang Xiaomin , Pan Chang , You Shijie , Chang Ruirui , Zhang Juan , Yang Hongfeng , Zhu Linlin , Gu Yue
Published: June 2023

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a powerful antineoplastic agent, but its usage is limited by the severe cardiotoxicity referred to as Dox-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). However, the molecular mechanism underlying this cardiotoxicity is yet to be fully elucidated. Here, our current study sought to determine the role of ubiquitin-specific protease 36 (USP36), a nucleolar deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), in the progress of DIC and its mechanism. We identified an increased expression of USP36 both in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells exposed to Dox, and USP36 silencing significantly ameliorated Dox-induced oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, USP36 upregulation was observed to positively correlate with PARP1 expression, and its knockdown resulted in reduction of PARP1 levels. Further investigation showed that USP36 could bind to and mediate the deubiquitination of PARP1 and increase its protein stability in cardiomyocytes upon Dox exposure. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type (WT) USP36 plasmid, but not its catalytic-inactive mutant (C131A), stabilizes PARP1 in HEK293T cells. Herein, we also established DIC model in mice and observed a significant upregulation of USP36 in the heart. Cardiac knockdown of USP36 in mice by a type 9 recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV9)-shUSP36 significantly preserved cardiac function after Dox treatment and protected against Dox-induced in terms of structural changes within the myocardium. Collectively, these findings indicate that Dox promotes DIC progression by activating USP36-mediated PARP1 deubiquitination. This novel USP36/PARP1 axis may play an important regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of DIC.
Genetic Investigation of the Trail Mechanism in Diabetic and Non- Diabetic Obese Patients
Authors: SEZGIN Saadet Busra AKSOYER , DURAK Sermin , CELIK Faruk , Gheybi Arezoo , Diramali Murat , Cakmak Ramazan , Gurol Ali Osman , Yaylim Ilhan , Zeybek Umit
Published: June 2023

Background
Obesity is an important healthcare issue caused by abnormally increased adipose tissue because of energy-intake overcoming energy expenditure. Disturbances in the physiological function of adipose tissue mediate the development of diabetes. It is a metabolic disease that results from decreased insulin-levels and/or changes in the insulin action mechanism. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Associated Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand(TRAIL), which is a member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor(TNF)-family with an important role in adipose tissue biology, is included in many studies with its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, but the number of human-studies conducted on the gene related to its protective-role against diabetes and obesity at this level is insufficient.
Methods
Our study was carried out as a case and control and included 3 groups (80 diabetic obese, 80 non-diabetic obese, and 80 healthy individuals as the control group). The Real-Time-PZR(RT-qPZR), and DNA Sanger-Sequencing Methods were used for gene expression and gene squences.
Results
As a result of the analyses, TRAIL gene expression level was found to be higher in the controls than in the diabetic-obese and non-diabetic-obese group. This change in TRAIL gene expression suggests that TRAIL maybe a protective factor against diabetes.
Conclusions
The presence of rs781673405, rs143353036, rs1244378045, rs767450259, rs759369504, rs750556128, and rs369143448 mutations, which was determined with the Sequencing-Method, was shown for the first time in the present study. In addition, it is the first study in which human TRAIL gene-expression and sequencing were performed together. We believe that these data will make an important contribution to the literature.
Theoretical investigations on CL‑20/ANTA cocrystal explosive via molecular dynamics method
Authors: Yu Zhihong , Song Xiaolan , Wang Yi , Cheng Zhipeng , An Chongwei
Published: June 2023

Context
In this study, we developed structural models of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20)/3-amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (ANTA) with different molar ratios ranging from 4:1 to 1:4. We employed a combination of density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the surface electrostatic potential, binding energy, initiation bond length, radial distribution function, cohesive energy density, and mechanical properties of CL-20 and ANTA molecules, as well as the aforementioned models. Additionally, we utilized EXPLO-5 software to predict the detonation properties and products of pure CL-20, ANTA, and CL-20/ANTA systems. The results revealed that there was an interaction between CL-20 and ANTA molecules, which had the potential to form a cocrystal. The most likely molar ratio for cocrystal formation was 1:1, and the main driving forces for cocrystal formation were electrostatic force, dispersion force, and van der Waals force. The cocrystal exhibited moderate sensitivity and excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, the cocrystal detonation performance at a molar ratio of 1:1 was between that of CL-20 and ANTA, representing a new type of insensitive high-energy material.
Methods
The properties of CL-20/ANTA cocrystal were predicted by molecular dynamics (MD) method under Materials Studio software. For the whole MD simulations, set the temperature at 298 K, and the pressure was 0.0001 GPa. Carried out MD simulation under the NPT ensemble with a total simulation time of 1 ns. The first 0.5 ns was used for thermodynamic equilibrium, and the last 0.5 ns was used for statistical calculation and analysis. Sampling was recorded every 10 fs during the calculation.
Free perforation during the first episode of acute diverticulitis: can it be avoided?
Authors: Agúndez María Carmona , Salamanca Isabel María Gallarín , Martínez Jesús Salas
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The aims of the present study are to compare the severity of acute diverticulitis in the first episode and in later bouts, and to determine whether there are risk factors for the presence of free perforation at the onset of diverticulitis.
Methods: Single-center retrospective study of patients who developed a first episode of acute diverticulitis between January 2011 and August 2021 diagnosed by computed tomography and followed up for at least one year. Free perforation was considered to be present in patients with diverticulitis stage III and IV according to the Hinchey classification (modified by Wasvary).
Results: The analysis included 394 patients (224 men and 170 women) with a mean age of 58 years. Forty-eight patients (12.2%) presented free perforation at some point in the course of the disease, 43 during the first episode and five during subsequent bouts. Perforation group this subgroup presented higher rates of stoma creation and mortality (relative risks of 12.3 and 23.5 respectively). In the multivariate analysis, age (OR: 1.041 95% CI: 1.016-1.067), lung disease (OR 2.154 95% CI: 1.038-4.472) and immunosuppression (OR: 2.812 95% CI: 1.315-6.015) were independent factors for free perforation at diverticulitis onset.
Conclusions: Free perforation occurs more frequently during the first episode of acute diverticulitis. Older patients, immunosuppressed patients and those with respiratory disease have a greater risk of presenting freely perforated diverticulitis. Therefore, it is essential to maintain a high level of clinical suspicion in these patients in order to activate early focus control and thus avoid fatal outcomes.
Evaluation of thermodynamic model of Pd(II) complex formation with isosaccharinic acid
Authors: Kimuro Shingo , Taneichi Yayoi , Iwata Hajime , Ishidera Takamitsu , Kitamura Akira , Tachi Yukio , Tanaka Takeru , Hirano Kana , Hieda Manami , Miyabe Shunsuke , Kawamoto Daisuke
Published: June 2023

Palladium-107 is one of the selected radionuclides in the safety assessment of geological disposal of radioactive waste. Although isosaccharinic acid (ISA) forms strong complexes with many elements and enhances element solubility, the thermodynamic evaluation of the complex of Pd with ISA has not been conducted. In this study, the solubility of Pd(OH)2 at pH 8.5–12.5 in the presence of ISA was investigated under inert gas (N2) atmosphere. Furthermore, the coordination state of aqueous Pd and ISA was investigated by X-ray absorption and Fourie transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. According to experimental results, the chemical form of the Pd-ISA complex depends on the solution pH; specifically, the number of involved OH− ions in the complex should be changed. The thermodynamic model and conditional equilibrium constants of the Pd-ISA complex were estimated by slope analyses of solubility experiments at different pH levels and ionic strengths based on the specific ion interaction theory. Hence, the impact of complexation with ISA on Pd(II) solubility under disposal conditions could be quantified using the proposed thermodynamic models in this study.
Effect of the neurodynamic mobilization technique combined with electroacupuncture on functional recovery and GAP-43 expression after sciatic nerve injury in rabbits
Authors: Wang Yan , Zheng Linlin , Zhu Luwen , Chen Huijie , Zhang Li , Pei Fei , Liu Bo , Zhao Bin , Wang Yan , Jin Longtao
Published: June 2023

Background
While the peripheral nervous system has remarkable regenerative capacities following injury and disease, its regeneration is often incomplete and slow, and full functional recovery from spontaneous peripheral nerve repair is rare. Hence, there is intense interest in developing a novel strategy for improving functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury (PNI).
Objective
We aimed to determine whether the application of the neurodynamic mobilization technique (NMT) combined with electroacupuncture (EA) can upregulate the expression of proteins relevant to nerve regeneration, such as the GAP-43 protein, as well as enhance functional recovery after sciatic nerve crush injury in rabbits.
Methods
This study establishes a model of a single unilateral crush injury to the sciatic nerve in rabbits. A total of 90 male and female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: the sham injury control group, sciatic nerve crush control (SNCr) group, NMT group, EA group, and NMT + EA group. The function of the injured side of the sciatic nerve was evaluated with the toe-spreading reflex and the modified Tarlov score at the 1-, 2-, and 4-week time points after surgery. We used immunohistochemical analysis and toluidine blue staining to detect changes in the injured sciatic nerve samples.
Results
We found that combination therapy with NMT and EA enhanced locomotor function. Additionally, light microscopy showed that the number of myelinated axons was significantly higher in rabbits treated with a combination of NMT and EA than in rabbits treated with NMT or EA alone. Furthermore, cotreatment with NMT and EA promoted GAP-43 expression in injured neural tissue.
Conclusions
We propose that combination treatment with NMT and EA promotes axon regeneration and functional recovery via the upregulation of GAP-43 expression at the lesion site. Therefore, cotreatment with NMT and EA might be a very promising therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical outcomes of sciatic nerve injury.
Increased extracellular matrix stiffness regulates myofibroblast transformation through induction of autophagy-mediated Kindlin-2 cytoplasmic translocation
Authors: Zhao Zhihan , Han Wuyue , Huang Guotao , He Yong , Zuo Xiaohu , Ning Minqi , Jiang Nuo , Hong Hong
Published: June 2023

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for connective tissue and environmental cues for cells. Its mechanical properties regulate biological processes, such as fibroblast-myofibroblast transformation (FMT), which is a crucial component in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) development and leads to an increase in ECM stiffness. The ‘Kindlin-2’ protein, expressed by fibroblasts, plays an important role in the development of the mesoderm, which is responsible for smooth muscle, blood vessel, and connective tissue formation; however, the role of Kindlin-2 in FMT remains to be explored. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of Kindlin-2 in FMT during POP development. In our study, fibroblasts were cultured using gels of different stiffness. We also examined the expression of Kindlin-2 and genes related to the Hippo pathway and FMT, validating them in human tissues and animal models. We found that ECM stiffness induces autophagy to translocate Kindlin-2 to the cytoplasm of L929 cells, where it interacts with and degrades MOB1, thereby facilitating Yes-associated protein (YAP) entry into the nucleus and influencing FMT progression. Stiffness-induced autophagy was inhibited when using an autophagy inhibitor, which blocked the translocation of Kindlin-2 to the cytoplasm and partially reversed high-stiffness-induced FMT. We found that the fibrosis inducer TGF-β failed to induce FMT after Kindlin-2 knockdown, suggesting that Kindlin-2 is involved in the TGF-β-Smad fibrosis axis. In patients with POP, we observed an increase in cytoplasmic Kindlin-2 and nuclear YAP levels. Similar changes in vaginal wall-associated proteins were observed in a mouse model of acute vaginal injury. Overall, Kindlin-2 is a key gene in ECM stiffness, regulating FMT through autophagy induction. Thus, the inhibition of Kindlin-2 transfer to the cytoplasm could be a potential target for the treatment of POP.
Insights into growth, gonadal development, and igf1 expression in captive false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris): Implications for breeding programs and sexual development
Authors: Suanla Santi , Thamnawasolos Jeeranan , Boonphakdee Chuta , Shinn Andrew P.
Published: June 2023

Understanding the interplay between growth and gonadal development is crucial for breeding programs and teleost sexual development. Here the growth and gonadal development of captive-reared false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) aged one to eight months was investigated. Histological analysis and quantification of insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf1) mRNA transcripts were performed. The fish displayed a maximum specific growth rate of 0.56 ± 0.11% day− 1 at two months with a negative allometric length-weight relationship. Gonadal differentiation occurred at three months, with concurrent oogenesis and spermatogenesis at four months. Male germ cell development intensified from five to eight months, at the stage of perinucleolus oocytes were observed. Expression levels of igf1 in the liver peaked at eight months; expression was highest in gonadal tissues at two months and decreased significantly in older fish. These findings highlight the potential role of igf1 in ovarian differentiation and the growth of primary oocytes. Further investigations are needed to explore the interplay between igf1 expression and other regulatory factors. This research enhances our understanding of fish reproductive biology and has implications for the captive management of false clownfish.
Foxo3 knockdown mediates decline of Myod1 and Myog reducing myoblast conversion to myotubes
Authors: Gellhaus Benjamin , Böker Kai O. , Gsaenger Marlene , Rodenwaldt Eyck , Hüser Marc A. , Schilling Arndt F. , Dominik Saul
Published: June 2023

Background
Sarcopenia has a high prevalence among the aging population. Leading to falls and hospitalization, subsequently increasing healthcare costs while limiting the quality of life, sarcopenia is of tremendous socioeconomic importance. In sarcopenic muscle fibers, the E3 ubiquitin ligase F-Box Protein 32 (Fbxo32) is expressed at substantially higher levels, driving ubiquitin-proteasomal muscle protein degradation. As one of the key regulators of muscular equilibrium, the transcription factor Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) can increase the expression of Fbxo32, making it a possible target for regulation of this detrimental pathway.
Methods
To test this hypothesis, murine C2C12 myoblasts were transduced with AAVs carrying a plasmid for four specific siRNAs against Foxo3. Successfully transduced myoblasts were selected via FACS cell sorting to establish single clone cell lines. Sorted myoblasts were further differentiated into myotubes and stained for myosin heavy chain (MHC) by immunofluorescence. The resulting area was calculated. Myotube contractions were induced by electrical stimulation and quantified.
Results
We found an increased Foxo3 expression in satellite cells in human skeletal muscle and an age-related increase in Foxo3 expression in older mice in silico. We established an in vitro AAV-mediated FOXO3 knockdown on protein level. Surprisingly, the myotubes with FOXO3 knockdown displayed a smaller myotube size and a lower number of nuclei per myotube compared to control myotubes (AAV-transduced with a functionless control plasmid). During differentiation, a lower level of FOXO3 reduced the expression Fbxo32 within the first three days. Moreover, the expression of Myod1 and Myog via ATM and Tp53 was reduced. Functionally, the Foxo3 knockdown myotubes showed a higher contraction duration and time to peak.
Conclusions
Early Foxo3 knockdown seems to terminate the initiation of differentiation due to lack of Myod1 expression and mediates the inhibition of Myog. Subsequently, the myotube size is reduced and the excitability to electrical stimulation is altered.
Identifying dimensions and weighting for Poverty and Well-being Measurements through natural language of people.
Authors: Muñetón-Santa Guberney , Orozco-Arroyave Juan Rafael
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Poverty and well-being indexes are composed of valuable aspects of life that are worth measuring, commonly referred to as dimensions. The objective of this study is to identify dimensions of poverty and well-being based on the natural language used by individuals. Additionally, we propose a methodology for extracting dimensional weights to assess indicators based on people’s concerns.
Methods: Through the application of various topic modeling techniques within the Natural Language Processing approach, we have identified significant variables or dimensions related to poverty and well-being. We have implemented transfer learning using a zero-shot classification model to determine weights for the identified dimensions.
Results: In the specific cases examined in this study, the most important dimensions of poverty are associated with: lack of opportunities, employment, lack of spirit, money, and progress; while in the context of well-being, the top four dimensions identified are: living well, basic needs, being nourished, and health.
Conclusion: By using our semi-automatic methodology, which incorporates natural language processing, we offer a valuable contribution to the literature, enabling the identification of variables and the allocation of weights for constructing comprehensive social indicators. We recommend the use of topic modeling techniques for identifying dimensions in multidimensional wellbeing and poverty indicators, as they empower individuals by providing them with a platform to voice their concerns and ensuring their representation when designing and evaluating social indicators.
The human pathogen, Schistosoma mansoni, lacks the cognate sequence for human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and relies on the snail host, Biomphalaria glabrata homologous enzyme for its intra-molluscan development.
Authors: Knight Mathilde , Pels Nana , Yadav Swara , Elhelu Oumsalama , Parn Simone , Rinaldi Gabriel , Grigoriadis Dionysios , Mann Victoria , Brindley Paul , Bridger Joanna
Published: June 2023

The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic sub-unit of the ribonuclear protein, telomerase. Together with telomerase RNA, the enzyme complex participates in the maintenance of telomeres at the proximal ends of chromosomes, adding species-specific repeats to the 3’end of the telomere. The regulation of hTERT is tightly linked to the cell cycle and cell differentiation states governing either malignancy or senescence, making it a prospective therapeutic target of cell proliferation in cancer. Malignancy behaves like a parasitic disease in that it only progresses by depending on biochemical and molecular pathways of the host. The snail host/schistosome relationship provides a facile model to examine the regulation of the cancer transcriptome, such as the gastropod homolog of hTERT. To test this hypothesis in relation to the development of larval Schistosoma mansoni in the Biomphalaria glabrata, we utilized an in-silico approach to identify the hTERT homolog of B. glabrata. The human hTERT amino acid sequence (ID 014746) shows a strong homology (E-value of 2e86) to the B. glabrata ortholog (733 amino acids, accession XP_013074763.1). BLASTp analyses using S. mansoni as the query suggested that the parasite lacks a cognate TERT. To study the regulation of the snail-like hTERT in relation to schistosome development, transcriptome analysis was performed which revealed a temporal regulation of the telomerase before and during S. mansoni infection, with an upregulation of B. glabrata hTERT transcription evident by 30 minutes after exposure to the parasite. The anti-telomerase drugs, BPPA and BIBR at 100 ng/mL before infection blocked shedding of parasite cercariae. These findings indicate that the schistosome may rely on the telomerase of its host for asexual reproduction, development and proliferation.
Analysis of 2D Photonic crystal based all optical comparator
Authors: Maji Kajal , Mukherjee Kousik , Mandal Mrinal Kanti
Published: June 2023

In this article we have presented all optical comparator using 2-D photonic crystal of silicon poles with dimensions 10a×12a. The structure of this device is very simple having small footprint of nearly 62 µm2. All-optical comparator has been validated by employing finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method. We have analyzed this device to calculate the ER, CR and Q value and verified the output by optical field distribution and amplitude with frequency. The performance of the all optical comparator has been investigated by calculating the variation of ER,CR, Q and transmission ratio with wavelength of the input signal and rod radius.
Region-specific lifestyle and subjective perception are associated with oral health-related quality of life among Tibetan adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Duan Shaoying , Tang Renjie , Zhang Chenchen , Su Qianqian , Yang Huiyu , Cai He , Hu Tao
Published: June 2023

Background Research on the predictors of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Tibetan adolescents is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the OHRQoL of Tibetan adolescents in Ganzi, Sichuan, and to determine whether the region-specific lifestyle, subjective perception and objective conditions of oral health could predict Tibetan adolescents’ OHRQoL. Methods A cross-sectional survey of Tibetan adolescents aged 11–15 years was conducted in Ganzi, Sichuan. Relevant data was collected via a self-reported questionnaire and a complete oral examination. The OHRQoL was measured using the standardized Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (sC-OIDP) scores. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between region-specific lifestyle, subjective perception, objective conditions and OHRQoL. Results Four hundred and eighty-five Tibetan adolescents participated in the study. The sC-OIDP ranged from 39.44 to 99.70 (mean55.41 ± SD11.19) with 288 (59.38%) adolescents reported an sC-OIDP above 50. It was revealed that Tibetan adolescents living at a higher altitude of 3300m than 1400m were more likely to report a poorer OHRQoL (OR = 1.880, 95%CI 1.101–3.209,P = .021). Also, buttered tea consumption by adolescents (OR = 2.284, 1.200-4.348,P = .012) or by mother (OR = 2.278, 1.171–4.432,P = .015) and boarding student (OR = 1.761, 1.180–2.626,P = .006) were significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL. Regarding the subjective perception, adolescents that rated a bad or very bad oral health (OR = 4.360, 2.341–8.120,P < .001) was more likely to have poorer OHRQoL compared to those with good or very good oral health. Furthermore, self-reported dental pain was significantly related to poorer OHRQoL (OR = 2.836, 1.836–4.382,P < .001). Interestingly, objective conditions, such as BOP, DC and DMFT were not related to OHRQoL. Conclusion Region-specific lifestyle and subjective perception on oral health were the key predictors affecting the OHRQoL of Tibetan adolescents. To improve OHRQoL, it is recommended to weigh the pros and cons of buttered tea and take moderate consumption among adolescents and their mothers and improve communication of students in boarding school with their parents can boost self-confidence. Additionally, developing good oral hygiene habits and keeping more healthy teeth to prevent dental pain is equally important for improving OHRQoL.
Sediment and phosphorus transport during flood events in a Mediterranean temporary river
Authors: Garnier Monica , Pappagallo Giuseppe , Holman Ian Paul
Published: June 2023

Flood events, whose number and intensity are predicted to increase in the Mediterranean region, are difficult to monitor. This causes the number of observations of suspended sediment and total phosphorus concentration (|SS| and |TP| respectively) during their occurrence to be still scarce. Non-perennial or temporary water bodies, which react more promptly to rainfall events, represent ideal natural observatories. In this study, observations of streamflow, |SS| and |TP|, carried out during some flood events, in the Celone river basin, a temporary river located in south-eastern Italy, are presented. The research examined the correlations between flows, concentrations and loads of sediment and phosphorus and investigated factors that influence sediment and phosphorous dynamics in the river basin. The results show no relationship between the time of the year and the precipitation quantity of each event. The high coefficient of determination of the |SS|-|TP| correlations (R2 = 0.67 on average) proves the importance of soil erosive processes in the delivery of phosphorus to the river. More than 73% of the total suspended sediment load and 83% of total phosphorus load in the period 2010–2011 were transported during the 11 monitored events. In addition to the discharge, |SS| and |TP| also depend on numerous other factors related to land management, such as soil cover and fertilizations. The study, thanks to the improved understanding of the mechanisms governing sediment and phosphorus losses, represents a useful contribution for river basin authorities who have to draw up management plans aimed at preventing eutrophication phenomena and soil fertility reduction.
Research on process parameter optimization of irregular working face
Authors: Li Qinghai , Wang ZIjun , Liu Nan , Zhang Haoran , Li Zhaoying
Published: June 2023

Based on the engineering background of 1353 working face in Daizhuang Coalmine, summarized the three main problems that exist in the mining process: (1) Conventional pressure relief means are limited; (2) Risk of impact; (3) The length of working face changes. In view of these problems, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward: (1) roof cutting and pressure releasing; (2) controlling mining speed; (3) controlling the length of stopping line. And the numerical simulation method is used to explore from the above three aspects. Through the research, it is finally determined that the 1353 working face of Daizhuang Coalmine adopts the pressure relief method of drilling on one side and cutting the roof 20m deep on the other side, and the mining speed of the working face is 3m/d and the length of the stopping line is 85m, which provides a reference for the mining of irregular working face.
Fabrication of 3D-printed quaternary scaffolds containing polymeric matrix plus alginate nanoparticles and MWCNTs for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Pourmollaabbassi Babak , Mahdavi Hamid , Shojaei Shahrokh , Salehi Hossien , Valiani Ali , Tamimi Maryam
Published: June 2023

Over the years, articular cartilage damage has impacted living standards world wide. Since each of the traditional therapeutic approaches has limitations, tissue engineering-based approaches have been recruited to provide a feasible solution. This study aimed to develop a novel nanocomposite 3D printed scaffold via a polymeric matrix accompanied with alginate nanoparticles and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to investigate its potential appropriateness for cartilage tissue engineering application. In this way, 3D printed constructs was developed by an extrusion-based printing method using the innovative nanocomposite inks consisting of PCL (polycaprolactone, P 35% w/v) and PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid, P 15% w/v) incorporated with alginate nanoparticles (40 and 45% w/v), as a filler, and modified with or without MWCNTs (0.05 and 0.1% w/v), as a composite reinforcement. Next, the characterization of scaffold features was investigated. Results revealed that 3D printed scaffold containing PP/alginate45% with MWCNT0.05 (PPA45M0.05) had significant improvements in porosity (74.29%±7.33), water uptake, absorbance, cell attachment, hydrophilicity (64.15 ± 1.87), the compression modulus(0.2174MPa), and the degradation rate. In addition, the interaction within the whole constituents was validated by the spectra of ATR-FTIR. Due to the proper biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical aspects, the PPA45M0.05 scaffolds would be a potential construct for cartilage tissue engineering.
Investigating the Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of Clayey- Sand Reinforced with Geopolymer Incorporating Copper Slag
Authors: Fakhrabadi Alireza , Choobbasti Asskar Janalizadeh , Kutanaei Saman Soleimani
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to explore the effects of stabilizing clayey-sand with mineral geopolymers, focusing on the mechanical and microstructural behavior of the treated soil. Experimental tests, including Atterberg limits (PI), pH analysis, standard proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and ultrasonic P-wave velocity measurements, were conducted at different curing durations (2, 7, 14, and 28 days) under ambient temperature conditions (23 ± 2°C and ˃90% relative humidity). Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were performed to investigate the microstructural effects on strength enhancement. The study employed various combinations of non-traditional binders (copper slag) with an alkaline activator solution (AAS). The AAS consisted of 70% Na2SiO3 and 30% NaOH, while the weight ratio of copper slag to AAS was set at 1. Different molar concentrations of NaOH (0, 2, 4, 8, 11, and 15M) and varying percentages of copper slag (0, 10, and 15%) were selected. The results revealed three distinct behaviors exhibited by the samples. Notably, the strength increased with longer curing times for 8M and 11M concentrations, indicating a significant strength gain. Numerical investigations also established a correlation between P-wave velocity and UC strength. Microstructural analysis identified the sample with 11M NaOH and 15% copper slag as having the most compacted and dense structure.
Improving the efficiency of ZnTe based heterojunction solar cell with In2Te3 BSF layer
Authors: Ali Md. Hasan , Haque Md. Dulal , Hossain Md. Mahabub , I Abu Zafor Md. Touhidul
Published: June 2023

Zinc telluride (ZnTe) is considered as a favorable photovoltaic (PV) material for its desirable absorption coefficient, improved conversion efficiency, and consequently inexpensive production material requirements. The unsuitability of the solar cell structure and band alignment at the buffer/absorber and absorber/BSF interface as well as carrier recombination at the front and back metal contact prevents the probable result from being achieved. The principal objective of this research is to improve the performance of newly designed Al/ZnO/CdS/ZnTe/In2Te3/Pt solar cell and to investigate the influence of the Indium telluride (In2Te3) back surface field (BSF) layer on the performance parameters of open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). This simulation analyses the performance of the baseline structure Al/ZnO/CdS/ZnTe/Pt which is consider as without BSF and the proposed structure Al/ZnO/CdS/ZnTe/In2Te3/Pt which is consider as with BSF. The thickness, carrier density and bulk defect density of every layer, defect density at BSF/absorber and buffer/absorber interface, working temperature, back surface recombination velocity (SRV) as well as shunt and series resistance has been studied using SCAPS-1D simulator. The PCE has been achieved 20.20% with VOC of 2.008 V, JSC of 10.99 mA/cm2 and FF of 91.92% for the proposed solar cell with In2Te3 BSF layer by using thicknesses of around 30 nm, 30 nm, 500 nm and 100 nm for ZnO, CdS, ZnTe, and In2Te3, respectively. The present study provides the guidelines for the realization of high efficiency and thin ZnTe based solar cell in cost effective way.
Estimating Environmental Compliance Costs at the Installation Level
Authors: Belloc Filippo , Dijkstra Bouwe , Valentini Edilio
Published: June 2023

We develop a new measure of installation-level environmental compliance costs under an Emissions Trading System (ETS) by estimating normalized demand curves of permits sector-by-sector. Our measure reflects installation-level compliance cost deviations within-sector and it is scaled by both the installation’s baseline output and the sector-specific abatement cost. An application to four sectors in Phase 3 of the EU ETS unveils a non-negligible within-sector variance and reveals that the installation-level dimension explains the largest part of it, while the country effect accounts for 7.7% to 11.4% of the total within-sector variance. This points to the installation-level dimension as mostly important when the impact of environmental regulations has to be assessed in practice, and suggests large abatement cost savings from the EU ETS.
J.E.L. Classification: L50, L60, Q52, Q58
Effect of cross-linker and dopant concentrations on the magnetic properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)-borax ferrogels
Authors: Lawrence Mathias B.
Published: June 2023

Here, Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) measurements on two sets of poly(vinyl alcohol) ferrogels are reported. The ferrogel matrices are cross-linked with borax and possess micron-sized carbonyl iron (CI) particles as the magnetically-sensitive dopant. The matrices exhibit soft magnetic behaviour owing to the presence of the dopant. For the set with borax concentration 30 mg/mL, the ferrogel with CI concentration 20 mg/mL shows the highest saturation magnetization and magnetic susceptibility values. Among the ferrogels having borax proportions 40 mg/mL, the matrix with CI concentration 20 mg/mL exhibits lowest saturation magnetization and magnetic susceptibility, while the other samples have nearly-equal values of the parameters. The observed magnetic parameters are explained on the basis of modifications of local network structure which arise from the variations in borax and CI concentrations. The findings will be useful in the development of improved and fine-tuned applications.
Field Measurement of the Rubble Masonry Ground Deformation under the Jackfruit Tree Development
Authors: Doan Thy Truc
Published: June 2023

The paper objective presents the Field measurement of the Rubble Masonry Ground Deformation under Consideration of the Jackfruit Tree Development after 8 years. Results show the crack’s appearance on the grout surface which made small fragments with different lengths and diameters areas sizes. The maximum values of the depths, widths, and lengths of cracks show 30mm, 35mm, and 90 mm; whereas the maximum length appeared on the surface area sizes of 2.350m at the stool; compared with the minimum value of 5mm distance 1.5m. On the other hand, the brick lining increasing the pavement obtained 7cm. Moreover, the development cycle of the jackfruit was done carefully by the Vietnam Standard which included care time, fertilizer, and water supply cycle. Results described particularly in the heights, diameters, and years old as 3 months, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, and 8 years: 0.3mx15cm; 1.2mx35cm; 2.5mx58cm; 4.0mx72cm; and 6.0x99cm. In conclusion, the research results can use for the references for civil, road, and geology engineering to forecast and it is not recommended to plant jackfruit trees near the ground of houses, pavements, and roads a distance of less than 5m; replace with a distance of rather than 5m to be safe ground.
Plasma Catalytic Conversion of Nitrogen and Hydrogen to Ammonia over Silico Alumino Phosphate (SAPO) zeolites
Authors: Gorky Fnu , Nambo Apolo , Carreon Moises A. , Carreon Maria L.
Published: June 2023

Herein, we demonstrate the catalytic activity of microporous Silico Alumino Phosphate (SAPOs) crystals for the assisted plasma synthesis of ammonia. SAPOs can aid as effective catalysts for the synthesis of ammonia via non-thermal plasma using an atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. We studied three prototypical zeolites having crystallographic limiting pore apertures of 3.4 Å (SAPO-56), 3.8 Å (SAPO-34) and 3.9 Å (SAPO-11). We describe a fundamental insight on the effect of the Si/Al ratio and the pore size on ammonia synthesis rate for the different SAPOs. The resultant SAPO-11 displayed ammonia synthesis rates as high as 0.19 micromoles NH3/ min m2 at 20 watts, approximately 1.5 times better compared to other SAPOs. The results indicate that ammonia synthesis is promoted by a lower Si/Al ratio (< 0.25) of the SAPO. Moreover, we observed that SAPO-34 (3.8 Å) and SAPO-11 (3.9 Å) which allow diffusion of N2 (3.6 Å) in to the pores lead to a higher ammonia yield. The lower intensity observed in optical emission spectroscopy (OES) for SAPO-34 suggests the diffusion of plasma activated species onto the surface and the pores. Proving the importance of porosity in plasma catalysis.
Bifidobacteria modulating gut microbiota inhibits breast cancer growth via anti-tumor immune response in mice
Authors: Shi Jiajie , Geng Cuizhi , Li Zheng , Ma Ping , Zhang Xi , Cheng Meng
Published: June 2023

To explore the effects of gut microbiota intervention on anti-tumor immune response, Balb/c mice were divided into three groups that were administered one of the following: antibiotics (mixture of ampicillin, streptomycin and polymyxin), bifidobacterial or sterile water via oral gavage. Their feces were collected for Meta 16S DNA sequencing. The differences in gut bacteria composition among three groups through β diversity analysis. To determine the effects of microbiota intervention on tumor growth, the mice were inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells, and the tumor growth was measured after tumor formation. IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in tumors and serum were determined by ELISA, and HE staining was used to quantify lymphocytes infiltrated into tumors. The tumor growth in the antobiotics was significantly faster than that of the bifidobacterial group (P = 0.013). β diversity analysis showed significant differences in gut microbiota composition among the three groups (weighted P = 1.5015e-10; unweighted P = 5.5914e-05). The IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in tumors and serum were higher after bifidobacterial administration than those after antibiotics and water treatment (all P < 0.001). Bifidobacteria modulating gut microbiota inhibited breast cancer growth which was likely associated with anti-tumor immune responses.
Evaluating the role of HYpofractionated RAdiotherapy schedule in High Grade GlioMA patients less than 60 years of age during the COVID period- A single Institutional Prospective Observational Study (HYRAMA study)
Authors: Velu Umesh , Mohanty Sheel , Singh Anshul , NP Jayashree , Salins Shirley , Sharan Krishna
Published: June 2023

Purpose Hypofractionated radiotherapy (HRT) has been offered as an alternative in High Grade Glioma (HGG) patients above the age of 60 years. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of HRT in patients with HGG aged less than 60 years.Methods Prospective observation study and HGG patients less than 60 years of age were eligible for the study. HRT regimen was of 40 Gray (Gy) in 15 fractions with Temozolomide (TMZ). The Primary objective was to assess the progression free survival (PFS) while overall survival (OS) and toxicity profile being secondary end points.Results From April 2021 to April 2022, 15 patients were recruited in the study. The mean age was 44.6 years (28–59 years SD +-9.2), IDH wild type was seen in 10 patients. Most patients (9 patients) underwent a gross tumour excision. The median follow up was 15 months (Range of 7–19 months). The estimated median PFS was 13.5 months (SD ± 1.13; 95% CI 11.23–15.66). On multivariate analysis, only male gender and presence of midline shift were found to affect negatively the PFS. Three patients had disease progression at last follow up. None of the patients reported any Grade 3 or 4 toxicities.Conclusion The HRT regimen can be an alternative to long course chemoradiation regimen with acceptable PFS and toxicity in patients less than 60 years of age.