bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct Contributions of Neutrophils and CCR2+Monocytes to Pulmonary Clearance of Different Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains
Authors: Xiong Huizhong , Carter Rebecca A. , Leiner Ingrid M. , Tang Yi-Wei , Chen Liang , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Pamer Eric G.
Published: June 2015

Klebsiella pneumoniaeis a common respiratory pathogen, with some strains having developed broad resistance to clinically available antibiotics. Humans can become infected with many differentK. pneumoniaestrains that vary in genetic background, antibiotic susceptibility, capsule composition, and mucoid phenotype. Genome comparisons have revealed differences betweenK. pneumoniaestrains, but the impact of genomic variability on immune-mediated clearance of pneumonia remains unclear. Experimental studies of pneumonia in mice have used the rodent-adapted 43816 strain ofK. pneumoniaeand demonstrated that neutrophils are essential for optimal host defense. It remains unclear, however, whether CCR2+monocytes contribute toK. pneumoniaeclearance from the lung. We selectively depleted neutrophils, CCR2+monocytes, or both from immunocompetent mice and determined susceptibility to infection by the 43816 strain and 4 newly isolated clinicalK. pneumoniaestrains. The clinicalK. pneumoniaestrains, including one carbapenem-resistant ST258 strain, are less virulent than 43816. Optimal clearance of each of the 5 strains required either neutrophils or CCR2+monocytes. Selective neutrophil depletion markedly worsened infection withK. pneumoniaestrain 43816 and three clinical isolates but did not increase susceptibility of mice to infection with the carbapenem-resistantK. pneumoniaeST258 strain. Depletion of CCR2+monocytes delayed recovery from infection with each of the 5K. pneumoniaestrains, revealing a contribution of these cells to bacterial clearance from the lung. Our findings demonstrate strain-dependent variation in the contributions of neutrophils and CCR2+monocytes to clearance ofK. pneumoniaepulmonary infection.
A new electrode placement method for obtaining 12-lead ECGs
Authors: Khan Gabriel M
Published: June 2015

Objective

Worldwide, more than 50 million ECGs are carried out annually. Studies show that the standard wrist–ankle placement method may produce poor quality ECGs. Factors including limb movement, tremor, anxiety, cold extremities cause artefacts (distortions of the baseline and ECG waveforms). A problem exists. Physicians face a challenge interpreting poor quality ECGs. Diagnostic delays occur. Patients are subjected to recalls; compassion initiated this study. Torso (modified) leads are favoured as they provide rapid acquisition of better quality ECGs, but cause erroneous electrocardiography. Investigators have not attempted to correct these errors. This study analyses the errors and aims to rectify them.

Methods

Our pilot and other studies indicated that torso electrodes placed close to the heart cause an increase in R wave amplitude >3 mm in inferior leads that results in disappearance of inferior infarcts; a decrease >3 mm in 1 and aVL may cause false lateral infarcts. We hypothesised that finding electrode placements that do not cause alterations in R wave amplitude should correct these problems. Several electrode placements were assessed to obtain ECGs identical with the standard, but with better quality. A total of 1112 patients received standard and new electrode placement recordings. ECG parameters were assessed. A blinded interpreter assisted.

Results

Electrodes positioned on the mid-arm and lower abdomen revealed ECGs identical with the standard without artefacts or loss of inferior or appearance of lateral infarcts.

Conclusions

This study proved that the new method is faultless and provides better quality ECGs, no recalls and without risk for misinterpretations. Not having to remove leg garments is convenient and allows more rapid acquisition of ECGs. The forearms are freed for, intravenous, radial access, and ECGs needed during procedures. The findings have implications worldwide for patients, clinicians and technicians, and generate the need to study the method in emergency settings.
Limit analysis and finite element evaluation of lateral pipe–soil interaction resistance
Authors: McCarron W.O.
Published: June 2015

The lateral breakout soil resistance of pipelines supported on undrained cohesive soils determined from limit analysis and finite element methods are compared for a linearly increasing soil strength profile. The limit analysis solution is based on an upper-bound technique. The finite element solutions are developed from coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian simulations. The capacities determined by the two methodologies are in close agreement for the perfectly plastic soil conditions. The relative ease with which the limit analysis solutions are obtained allows rapid investigation of the implications of uncertainty of the soil shear strength profile and pipe embedment via Monte Carlo simulations. Monte Carlo simulations illustrate the implications of correlated random variables describing the shear strength profile and pipe embedment.
DFT STUDY OF OXYGEN ADSORPTION ON THE Be-COVERED Mo (112) SURFACE
Authors: AFANASIEVA TETYANA V. , PETROVA N. V. , YAKOVKIN I. N.
Published: June 2015

It has been shown that on both clean and (1 × 1) Be -covered Mo (112) surfaces, oxygen will readily dissociate without any noticeable barrier, and the presence of Be in the furrows facilitates rather than hinders the dissociation. The O 2 molecules can also be adsorbed on Be rows in several metastable configurations, which can be considered precursor states for the dissociation. The O atoms will occupy bridge-on-row sites, which remain available for oxygen in presence of the (1 × 1) Be monolayer, since Be atoms occupy adsorption sites in furrows. This structure of Be – O monolayer is metastable, such that the O atoms, being slightly shifted from symmetrical positions in bridge-on-row sites, tend to move towards Be atoms and spontaneously form Be 2 O or, at higher oxygen exposures, BeO , in agreement with recent AES studies of this system. The estimated gain in energy due to BeO formation on the Mo (112) surface is 1.17 eV. At lower oxygen coverages, the formation of Be 2 O is more favorable (by 0.35 eV) than the configuration of BeO with some nonoxidized Be adatoms on the surface.
Combined first-principles and EXAFS study of structural instability in BaZrO3
Authors: Lebedev A. I. , Sluchinskaya I. A.
Published: June 2015

Phonon spectrum of cubic barium zirconate is calculated from first principles using the density functional theory. Unstable phonon mode with the [Formula: see text] symmetry in the phonon spectrum indicates an instability of the cubic structure with respect to rotations of the oxygen octahedra. It is shown that the ground-state structure of the crystal is [Formula: see text]. In order to find the manifestations of the predicted instability, EXAFS measurements at the Ba [Formula: see text]-edge are used to study the local structure of [Formula: see text] at 300 K. An enhanced value of the Debye–Waller factor for the Ba–O atomic pair ([Formula: see text]) revealed in the experiment is associated with the predicted structural instability. The average amplitude of the thermal rotations estimated from the measured [Formula: see text] value is [Formula: see text] at 300 K. The closeness of the calculated energies of different distorted phases resulting from the condensation of the [Formula: see text] mode suggests a possible formation of a quenched rotational disorder in [Formula: see text] at low temperature, which can explain the discrepancy between the calculations and experiment.
Nonautonomous Discrete Neuron Model with Multiple Periodic and Eventually Periodic Solutions
Authors: Pisarchik Alexander N. , Radin Michael A. , Vogt Ryan
Published: June 2015

We introduce a nonautonomous discrete neuron model based on the Rulkov map and investigate its dynamics. Using both the linear stability and bifurcation analyses of the system of piecewise difference equations, we determine dynamical bifurcations and parameter regions of steady-state and periodic solutions.
Bilateral Wallerian Degeneration of the Pontocerebellar Tracts
Authors: Hekimoglu Azad , Suer Dogan Ihsaniye , Turan Aynur , Oztekin Mehmet Fevzi , Hekimoglu Baki
Published: June 2015

Wallerian degeneration is the process of progressive demyelination and disintegration of the distal axonal segment following the transection of the axon or damage to the neuron. We report a case of a patient with Wallerian degeneration of the pontocerebellar tracts. She had a history of a pontine infarction 3 months ago. Wallerian degeneration of pontocerebellar tracts is seen bilaterally and symmetrically and is more visible in the middle cerebellar peduncles. Along the middle cerebellar peduncles hyperintense signal was detected on T2 weighted images. Wallerian degeneration of pontocerebellar tracts is a rare entity. It can occur bilaterally after a large pontine infarction. Magnetic resonance imaging seems to be the most effective technique for detection of Wallerian degeneration. In this report we want to mention this rare entity and to prevent wrong diagnosis.
Deep Sequencing Reveals Occurrence of Subclonal ALK Mutations in Neuroblastoma at Diagnosis
Authors: Bellini Angela , Bernard Virginie , Leroy Quentin , Rio Frio Thomas , Pierron Gaelle , Combaret Valérie , Lapouble Eve , Clement Nathalie , Rubie Herve , Thebaud Estelle , Chastagner Pascal , Defachelles Anne Sophie , Bergeron Christophe , Buchbinder Nimrod , Taque Sophie , Auvrignon Anne , Valteau-Couanet Dominique , Michon Jean , Janoueix-Lerosey Isabelle , Delattre Olivier , Schleiermacher Gudrun
Published: June 2015

Purpose: In neuroblastoma, activating ALK receptor tyrosine kinase point mutations play a major role in oncogenesis. We explored the potential occurrence of ALK mutations at a subclonal level using targeted deep sequencing.

Experimental Design: In a clinically representative series of 276 diagnostic neuroblastoma samples, exons 23 and 25 of the ALK gene, containing the F1174 and R1275 mutation hotspots, respectively, were resequenced with an extremely high depth of coverage.

Results: At the F1174 hotspot (exon 23), mutations were observed in 15 of 277 samples (range of fraction of mutated allele per sample: 0.562%–40.409%). At the R1275 hotspot (exon 25), ALK mutations were detected in 12 of 276 samples (range of fraction of mutated allele: 0.811%–73.001%). Altogether, subclonal events with a mutated allele fraction below 20% were observed in 15/27 ALK-mutated samples. The presence of an ALK mutation was associated with poorer 5-year overall survival (OS: 75% vs. 57%, P = 0.0212 log-rank test), with a strong correlation between F1174 ALK mutations and MYCN amplification being observed.

Conclusions: In this series, deep sequencing allows the detection of F1174 and R1275 ALK mutational events at diagnosis in 10% of cases, with subclonal events in more than half of these, which would have gone undetected by Sanger sequencing. These findings are of clinical importance given the potential role of ALK mutations in clonal evolution and relapse. These findings also demonstrate the importance of deep sequencing techniques for the identification of patients especially when considering targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 21(21); 4913–21. ©2015 AACR.

See related commentary by George, p. 4747
Функціональний стан ендотелію судин мікроциркуляторного русла у хворих на гострий панкреатит
Authors: Чорномидз А. В.
Published: June 2015

Досліджено активність ендотелію судин у 60 хворих на гострий панкреатит із застосуванням лазерної доплерівської флоуметрії. Вивчено особливості реагування ендотелію судин на тимчасову оклюзію залежно від тяжкості панкреатиту. В усіх хворих виявлено ознаки ендотеліальної дисфункції. Складено стадійність функціональної недостатності ендотелію судин. При виписуванні хворих на гострий панкреатит виявлено ознаки дисфункції ендотелію, що свідчить про відсутність адекватного медикаментозного впливу на цю ланку патогенезу захворювання.
Опыт применения отсроченных кишечных анастомозов при перитоните.
Authors: Бойко В. В. , Иванова Ю. В. , Мушенко Е. В. , Савви С. А. , Гамидов А. Н. , Кудревич А. Н.
Published: June 2015

В статье представлен опыт лечения больных, нуждающихся в резекции участков кишечной трубки в условиях перитонита. Была показана необходимость формирования разгрузочных стом при формировании первичного межкишечного анастомоза. При высоком риске несостоятельности кишечных швов обоснована тактика формирования отсроченных кишечных анастомозов по разработанной методике. Применение предложенного подхода позволило снизить количество послеоперационных осложнений и летальность
ПІЛОТНИЙ ПРОЕКТ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ'Я (ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ПРОГРАМНО-ЦІЛЬОВОГО МЕТОДУ, ПЕРЕХІД ДО СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ ЗАКУПІВЕЛЬ)
Authors: ШЕВЧЕНКО М.В. , СЛАБКИЙ Г.О.
Published: June 2015

Мета: оцінка запровадження нових фінансово-економічних механізмів у пілотних регіонах (Вінницька, Дніпропетровська, Донецька області та м. Київ).

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано нормативно-правову базу. Використано аналітичний та порівняльний методи. Оцінка виконання бюджетних програм "Первинна медична допомога" у 2013 р. проведена за удосконаленою Методикою здійснення порівняльного аналізу ефективності бюджетних програм, які виконуються розпорядниками місцевих бюджетів

Результати. Видатки на ПМД у Вінницькій області склали 22,4% зведеного бюджету на охорону здоров’я, у Дніпропетровській – 18,53%, у Донецькій – 17,8%, у м. Києві – 13,6%. Продовжує зростати частка видатків на фінансування екстреної медичної допомоги за функцією "Станції швидкої та невідкладної допомоги" до 5,1%. Виконання бюджетних програм "Первинна медична допомога" у 2013 р. оцінюється у Дніпропетровській області як високе (225 балів), Вінницькій – як низьке (106 балів).

Висновки. Фінансування за видами медичної допомоги на рівні місцевих бюджетів можна оцінити позитивно. Відпрацювання механізму стратегічних закупівель на рівні ПМД вдалося завдяки здійсненню організаційно-функціонального та фінансового виділення саме цього виду медичної допомоги.

КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: бюджетна програма, стратегічні закупівлі, комунальні некомерційні підприємства.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КОНТИНГЕНТУ ХВОРИХ НА РАК МОЛОЧНОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ ХЕРСОНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ, ЯКІ ЗНАХОДЯТЬСЯ НА ОБЛІКУ 5 РОКІВ І БІЛЬШЕ
Authors: СОКУР І.В.
Published: June 2015

Мета: вивчити структуру хворих на рак молочної залози (РМЗ) з терміном виживання понад п’ять років.

Матеріали і методи. Проведений аналіз хворих Херсонської області на РМЗ, які перебувають на обліку 5 років і більше.

Результати. Хворі на РМЗ, які живуть 5 років і більше, мають переважно (92,7%) І та ІІ стадію захворювання на момент встановлення діагнозу. За морфологічною будовою в структурі хворих на РМЗ переважають (89,5%) залозисті раки. 76,1% хворих на РМЗ, які живуть 5 років і більше, отримали комбіноване та комплексне лікування. Аналіз повікової структури захворюваності на РМЗ показав наявність двох піків захворюванності: у віці 45–49 років (18,5%) та 55–69 років (32,3%).

Висновки. Висока виживаність хворих з І-ІІ стадіями захворювання підкреслює важливість ранньої діагностики раку. З метою виявлення РМЗ на ранніх стадіях жінкам віком 45–69 років необхідне проведення щорічного мамографічного скринінгу. Більшу виживаність хворих на РМЗ забезпечує комплексне і комбіноване лікування.

КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: рак молочної залози, виживаність.
СТАН АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЗАХИСТУ І ПЕРЕКИСНОГО ОКИСЛЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ У ВАГІТНИХ ПРИ ГІПЕРФУНКЦІЇ ЩИТОПОДІБНОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ
Authors: Афанасьєв І. В.
Published: June 2015

Проведено обстеження 160 вагітних жінок, з них 130 жінок з гіперфункцією щитоподібної залози(ЩЗ), з них 30 вагітних отримували базисну терапію. 100 вагітних отримували додаткову комплексну терапію. Визначена роль зростання активності перекисного окислення ліпідів(ПОЛ) і антиоксидантної системи (АОС) захисту у виникненні ускладень вагітності та пологів при гіперфункції ЩЗ. Доведено, що впроваження розробленої комплексної терапіїсприяє нормалізації процесів ПОЛ і АОС захисту у вагітних з гіперфункцією ЩЗ.
МІСЦЕ МІКРОХІРУРГІЇ В ЛІКУВАННІ НЕПЛІДНОСТІ
Authors: Іванюта Л. І. , Іванюта С. О.
Published: June 2015

Вивчена ефективність мікрохірургічного лікування трубно-перитонеально та поєднано неплідності у 380 пацієнток. Висвітлені основні принципи мікрохірургів, методи підготовки хворих, види операцій, введення післяопераційного періоду. Показана залежність результатів операції від діагнозу, терміну захворювання, віку хворих, поєднання чинників неплідності. Відновлення прохідності маткових труб наступило у 86,5 %, а вагітність у 43,6% пацієнток.
СТАН ФЕТОПЛАЦЕНТАРНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ТА ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНІ НАСЛІДКИ ПРИ ВАГІТНОСТІ ВНАСЛІДОК ЕКСТРАКОРПОРАЛЬНОГО ЗАПЛІДНЕННЯ
Authors: Пирогова В. І. , Марауі Резкі Бен Салах
Published: June 2015

Проаналізовано перебіг вагітності і пологів у 114 жінок після ЕКЗ. встановлено, що гестаційний процес у цій категорії вагітних характеризуються у більшості висновків ускладненим перебігом ( загрозою невиношування, пізнім гестозом, патологією гідрамніону, затримкою росту плода). Дослідження гормональної функції плаценти показало, що у вагітних після ЕКЗ при ускладненому перебігу вагітності спостерігається порушення гормональної функції плаценти, починаючи з періоду формування. Вагітні після ЕКЗ внаслідок сукупності чинників, пов’язаних з етіопатогенезом, тривалістю безпліддя і попереднього лікування, віком, методами лікування, високою частотою багатопліддя, оперативним розродженням належать до груп ризику материнської та перинатальної захворюваності. Наслідки лікування ускладнень гестаційного процесу у жінок, після програм ДРТ у більшості випадків визначається ретельністю диспансерного спостереження , своєчасністю госпіталізації, застосуванням адекватних лікувальних і акушерських технологій. Новонародженні від вагітностей внаслідок ЕКЗ вимагають адекватного  диспансерного нагляду внаслідок частіших, ніж у загальній популяції, ускладнень неонатального періоду.
ВПЛИВ ВІНБОРОНУ НА АНАЛГЕТИЧНУ АКТИВНІСТЬ ІБУПРОФЕНУ НА МОДЕЛІ АД’ЮВАНТНОГО АРТРИТУ У ЩУРІВ
Authors: Гладких Ф. В. , Степанюк Н. Г.
Published: June 2015

РЕЗЮМЕ. Експериментально встановлено, що вінборон здатен потенціювати аналгетичну активність ібупрофену
при лікуванні ад’ювантного артриту (АА) у щурів. На це вказувало зростання порогу больово чутливості на 28 добу
експерименту при лікуванні АА комбінацією ібупрофену з вінбороном, який вдвічі перевищував аналогічний показник
при монотерапі ібупрофеном. Крім того, вінборон показав спроможність послаблювати ульцерогенний ефект
ібупрофену, про що свідчили динаміка маси тіла, виразковий індекс та відсутність летальності тварин.
КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: ад’ювантний артрит, НПЗЗ, ібупрофен, вінборон, аналгетична активність.
ВИВЧЕННЯ СЕНСИБІЛІЗУЮЧО ДІ НОВОГО РОСЛИННОГО ЗАСОБУ КАПСУЛ «ФІТОВЕНОЛ»
Authors: Томашевська Ю. О.
Published: June 2015

РЕЗЮМЕ. Хвороби вен залишаються однією з найактуальніших проблем сучасно медицини. Базисом для проведення
патогенетично обґрунтовано медикаментозно терапі хронічних захворювань вен є венотонічні лікарські препарати.
Поряд з фармакологічною активністю, важливою властивістю нових лікарських засобів є х нешкідливість, що
обумовило вивчення сенсибілізуючих властивостей засобу. Сенсибілізуючу дію досліджуваного засобу оцінювали
за його здатністю викликати реакці гіперчутливості сповільненого та негайного типів у тестах кон'юнктивально
проби та непрямо дегрануляці мастоцитів.
КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: «Фітовенол», хвороби вен, сенсибілізуюча дія.
ТРИВАЛІСТЬ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЯК ЧИННИК РОЗВИТКУ СТРУКТУРНО- ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ЗМІН КІСТКОВО ТКАНИНИ У ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНИЙ ГАСТРОДУОДЕНІТ У ПОЄДНАННІ З ХРОНІЧНИМ ПАНКРЕАТИТОМ
Authors: Бойко Т. В. , Лихацька Г. В. , Лихацька В. О.
Published: June 2015

У хворих на поєднану патологію органів травлення
часто розвивається остеодефіцит, що значно
зростає внаслідок збільшення в популяці кількості
людей літнього та старечого віку. Однак, повністю
не з ’ясовані механізми формування остеоде-
фіциту, роль чинників ризику.
Pressure Changes Within the Sac of Human Cerebral Aneurysms in Response to Artificially Induced Transient Increases in Systemic Blood Pressure
Authors: Hasan David M. , Hindman Bradley J. , Todd Michael M.
Published: June 2015

Formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms have been associated with chronic hypertension. The effect of transient increase in blood pressure and its effect on intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics have not been studied. We examined the effects of controlled increases in blood pressure on different pressure parameters inside the sac of human cerebral aneurysms and corresponding parent arteries using invasive technology. Twelve patients (10 female, 2 male, age 54±15 years) with unruptured cerebral aneurysms undergoing endovascular coiling were recruited. Dual-sensor microwires with the capacity to simultaneously measure flow velocity and pressure were used to measure systolic, diastolic, and mean pressure inside the aneurysm sac and to measure both pressures and flow velocities in the feeder vessel just outside the aneurysm. These pressures were recorded simultaneously with pressures from a radial arterial catheter. Measurements were taken at baseline and then during a gradual increase in systemic systolic blood pressure to a target value of ≈25 mm Hg above baseline, using a phenylephrine infusion. The dose needed to achieve the required increase in radial arterial systolic blood pressure was 0.8±0.2 μg/kg/min. There was a clear linear relationship between changes in radial and aneurysmal pressures with substantial patient-by-patient variation in the slopes of those relationships. The overall increases in systolic and mean pressures in both radial artery and in the aneurysms were similar. Pressures in the aneurysm and in the parent vessels were similar. Peak and mean flow velocities in the parent arteries did not change significantly with phenylephrine infusion, nor did vessel diameters as measured angiographically.
Inclusive Urban Employment: How Does City Scale Affect Job Opportunities for Different People?
Authors: Gao Hong , Lu Ming , Sato Hiroshi
Published: June 2015

This paper investigates the influence of city scale on employment using data from China. Probit models of employment determination are estimated. The historical population growth during China's planned economy, when migration was directed by the government and voluntary location choice was prohibited, is used as the instrumental variable of current population size. Instrumental variables estimates show that it is more likely for individuals to gain employment in big cities. A 1 percent increase in city scale increases one's employment probability by between 0.044 and 0.050 percentage points. Moreover, the scale advantage of big cities is heterogeneous among individuals with different levels of human capital, with the least-skilled workers benefiting the most.
Isolation and characterization of new microsatellite markers for application in population genetic studies of Caiman latirostris and related species
Authors: Amavet Patricia Susana , Rueda Eva Carolina , Siroski Pablo Ariel , Larriera Alejandro , Saidman Beatriz Ofelia
Published: June 2015

Wild populations ofCaiman latirostrisare subject to sustainable use programs in Argentina, becoming a species with important impact in the regional economy, based in their skin and meat. Genetic studies are fundamental to acquire information on important parameters for conservation and management, which may be obtained from analysis of molecular markers. Some microsatellites have been previously isolated in this species, but due to some difficulties in using them, we obtained new ones using Next Generation Sequencing approach. This study reports eight new microsatellites forC. latirostrisand tests their utility in a related species,Caiman yacare, with successful application in population genetics and mating systems studies. In addition, we shared data about a novel and fast bioinformatics tool to find microsatellites and to design their corresponding primers.
Mannitol cannot reduce the mortality on acute severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients: a meta–analyses and systematic review
Authors: Wang Kai , Sun Mingwei , Jiang Hua , Cao Xiao-ping , Zeng Jun
Published: June 2015

Background

We aimed to systematically review the efficacy of mannitol (MTL) on patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

Databases such as PubMed (US National Library of Medicine), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 3), ISI (Web of Science: Science Citation Index Expanded), Chinese Biomedicine Database (CBM), and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI) have been searched for relevant studies published between 1 January 2003 and 1 October 2014. We have established inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify RCTs, which were suitable to be enrolled in the systematic review. The comparison group could be hypertonic saline (HS), hydroxyethyl starch, or others. The quality assessment was based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1 and modified Jadad score scale. The major outcome was mortality, followed by the secondary outcomes such as neurological outcome, days on intensive care unit (ICU), and ventilator day. In addition, intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were used as the surrogate endpoints. Data synthesis and meta-analysis was conducted by using R (version 3.7-0.).

Results

When 176 potential relevant literatures and abstracts have been screened, four RCTs met all the inclusion criteria and were enrolled for the meta-analysis. Amongst all the enrolled studies, two trials have provided the primary outcome data. There was no heterogeneity between two studies (I2 = 0 %) and a fixed model was used for meta-analysis (n = 53), pooled result indicated that the mortality was similar in mannitol intervention and control treatment, OR = 0.80, 95 % CI [0.27, 2.37], P = 0.38. We found that both mannitol and HS were efficient in decreasing the ICP. Furthermore, the effect of the HS on the ICP appeared to be more effective in the patients with diffuse brain injuries than mannitol did.

Conclusions

As a conclusion, the mannitol therapy cannot reduce the mortality risk of acute severe traumatic brain injury. Current evidence does not support the mannitol as an effective treatment of acute severe traumatic brain injury. The well-designed randomized controlled trials are in urgent need to demonstrate the adoption of mannitol to acute severe traumatic brain injury.
Rp-cAMPS Prodrugs Reveal the cAMP Dependence of First-Phase Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion
Authors: Schwede Frank , Chepurny Oleg G. , Kaufholz Melanie , Bertinetti Daniela , Leech Colin A. , Cabrera Over , Zhu Yingmin , Mei Fang , Cheng Xiaodong , Manning Fox Jocelyn E. , MacDonald Patrick E. , Genieser Hans-G. , Herberg Friedrich W. , Holz George G.
Published: June 2015

cAMP-elevating agents such as the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells. However, a debate has existed since the 1970s concerning whether or not cAMP signaling is essential for glucose alone to stimulate insulin secretion. Here, we report that the first-phase kinetic component of GSIS is cAMP-dependent, as revealed through the use of a novel highly membrane permeable para-acetoxybenzyl (pAB) ester prodrug that is a bioactivatable derivative of the cAMP antagonist adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer (Rp-cAMPS). In dynamic perifusion assays of human or rat islets, a step-wise increase of glucose concentration leads to biphasic insulin secretion, and under these conditions, 8-bromoadenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer, 4-acetoxybenzyl ester (Rp-8-Br-cAMPS-pAB) inhibits first-phase GSIS by up to 80%. Surprisingly, second-phase GSIS is inhibited to a much smaller extent (≤20%). Using luciferase, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays performed in living cells, we validate that Rp-8-Br-cAMPS-pAB does in fact block cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation. Novel effects of Rp-8-Br-cAMPS-pAB to block the activation of cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Epac1, Epac2) are also validated using genetically encoded Epac biosensors, and are independently confirmed in an in vitro Rap1 activation assay using Rp-cAMPS and Rp-8-Br-cAMPS. Thus, in addition to revealing the cAMP dependence of first-phase GSIS from human and rat islets, these findings establish a pAB-based chemistry for the synthesis of highly membrane permeable prodrug derivatives of Rp-cAMPS that act with micromolar or even nanomolar potency to inhibit cAMP signaling in living cells.
Yiddish as Voice and Letter in Post-Holocaust Literature
Authors: Wirth-Nesher Hana
Published: June 2015

Traces of Yiddish recurrently manifest themselves in contemporary Jewish literature written in other languages. Representation of Yiddish discourse in recent years has drawn on two significant facets of the language and its history: the tragic fate of Europe's Yiddish-speaking community in the Holocaust and the multilingual composition of Yiddish as a fusion language that crosses lexicons and alphabets. By invoking or embedding Yiddish in non-Yiddish writing, whether in its original Hebrew letters or in transliteration, authors emphasize the characters' and the reader's encounter with the foreign, in the fictive world and in the text, respectively. The fusion of Hebrew and German in Yiddish makes possible multilingual writing where the crossing of alphabets and lexicons becomes an analogue to the crossing of boundaries in historical, linguistic, ontological, and ethical terms. In post-Holocaust contemporary writing, Yiddish as incorporated into non-Yiddish writing is at times represented as a language of limits, untranslatability, and loss. Two recent works of literature provide case studies for the way in which Yiddish, as voice and as alphabetic image, is represented in English and in French: Daniel Mendelsohn's The Lost: The Search for Six of Six Million and Gilles Rozier's The Mercy Room.
Identification of the elbow motion kinematic parameters by means of artificial neural networks technology
Authors: Bonilla Felix , Lukyanov Evgeny Anatolyevich , Litvin Anatoly Vitalyevich , Deplov Dmitry Alexeyevich
Published: June 2015

The research objective is to study elbow flexion kinematic parameters using the artificial neural networks (ANN). Parameters of the surface electromyogram (sEMG) are used as ANN inputs. The ANN output is kinematic parameters of motion: direction, angular displacement, and angular velocity. The study has involved DSTU students and staff (11 people without pathologies of the musculoskeletal system). The sEMG signals taken from the biceps of each trial subject during no-load elbow bending are registered. During the experiment, shoulder and elbow joints are fixed by the passive exoskeleton. The feature vector for the neural network is formed using methods of the spectral and statistical analysis. The statistical analysis in the time domain includes the determination of the following parameters: dispersion of sEMG amplitude values, arithmetic mean value and mean-square value of sEMG absolute amplitudes, sEMG signal zero crossing rates. In the frequency domain, sEMG signal spectral analysis is performed by Fast Fourier Transform method. The power spectrum and the mean frequency of the power spectrum are determined. Best results of determining the kinematic parameters are obtained when using the mean frequency of the power spectrum and the total integrated sEMG signal power as inputs to the ANN. The ANN is trained by the method of the direct signal propagation and the back propagation of error. The results obtained can be used in the development of the bioelectric control systems for the mechatronic devices.
How close I.R. Prigogine, н. наken and S.P. Kurdumov approached to understanding of inevitability of TCS
Authors: Еськов  , Eskov V.
Published: June 2015

Advances in molecular biology and biophysics (at molecular-cellular level) do not contribute to understanding of life phenomena. Achievements of synergetics (H. Haken) and complexity theory (I. Prigogine) have intensified differences between physical-chemical understandings of life and systemic understandings. In addition to that, the systems approach provides the understanding of effects of living objects and especially its more organized and evolving part – human and humanity. Human-scaled systems possess the unique property – continuous and chaotic movement of many components of a system state vector x= x(t). Taking this property into consideration causes the denial of any known types of stationary nodes (for example, dx/dt=0) and requires reconsideration of concept of chaos. A novel approach for understanding of living systems (as the third paradigm of natural science) and novel methods of studying of living systems (as theory of chaos and self-organization) are proposed by the third paradigm and theory of chaos and self-organization.
Parameters quasiattractors cardiova.scular system of the subjects in the conditions of the dosed physical load
Authors: Яхно  , Yakhno V. , Карпин  , Karpin V. , Кощеев  , Koshcheev V. , Башкатова  , Bashkatova Yuliya , Антонец  , Antonets V.
Published: June 2015

Parameters of cardiovascular system at the unexercised and trained examinees by methods of classical statistics and new methods of calculation of chaotic dynamics of behavior of a vector of a condition of a human body in phase space are studied. The tendency to increase in the area of quasiattractors of unexercised examinees after physical activity is shown that is also confirmed by change of values of volumes of quasiattractors after loading in comparison with data to loading. Long physical activity (training) stabilizes parameters of cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems of the trained students in aspect of natural changes of parameters of quasiattractors, and their dynamics shows fitness degree. Calculation of parameters of quasiattractors of cardiovascular system allows to estimate objectively dynamics of reserve opportunities of an organism and their predictive importance.
An analysis of I.R. Prigogone and J.A. Wheeler’s views concerning emergency of biosystems from the perspective of the third paradigm
Authors: Еськов  , Eskov V. , Джумагалиева  , Dzhumagalieva L. , Филатова  , Filatova O. , Гудкова  , Gudkova S.
Published: June 2015

The main problem of modern science is pointed out: reality of specific three-type systems (TTS) that are usually presented as complexity, and simultaneously impossibility of a description of such systems by a traditional modern reducing approach. Studying properties of system elements cannot help in a description of a complex system itself – complexity (three-type systems, living systems). Hence there arises an acute need in creation of new theories which would operate with maximum uncertainty and unpredictability and provide modeling TTS. The first step in this direction was taken on the grounds of a creation of theory of chaos and self-organization (TCS), according to which complexity cannot repeat an initial state of a system (or a vector parameters x(t0)), measures are not invariant, autocorrelation functions do not converge to zero and Lyapunov exponents are not positive. Chaos of TTS differs from a deterministic chaos and statistical distribution functions f(x) are not appropriate to describe it, because they continuously change. Deterministic, stochastic and chaotic models cannot describe TTS. This is the main property of emergent systems (complexity, TTS), therefore they are described by quasi-attractors.
Determination of an object as chaotic system on the basis of structural risk minimization
Authors: Берестин  , Berestin D. , Зимин  , Zimin M. , Гавриленко  , Gavrilenko T. , Черников  , Chernikov N.
Published: June 2015

The paper proposes the method of determining the membership of the object to chaotic systems on the basis of structural risk minimization. It is presented examples that demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology to model data. The methodology is based on Chebyshev polynomials that can make an informed choice of uniform distribution law or motivated to prefer a different probability density. The main feature of chaotic systems is the presence of a uniform law of distribution, which is typical for systems of the third type - the foundations of modern theory of chaos and self-organization. It is significant that in the theory of chaos and self-organization at short time intervals τ always be uneven distribution. However, it is impossible to keep the system for a long time in this state.
Focos de comercio ambulante y actividades inducidas: Albatera y Cox (provincia de Alicante)
Authors: Canales Martínez Gregorio , Costa Mas José
Published: June 2015

En un artículo precedente analizábamos las características generales y la situación actual del comercio ambulante y sus mercados, en especial en lo referente a la provincia de Alicante.Este tipo de actividad mercantil, aunque escasamente abordada por los investigadores, presenta un indudable interés, no en vano ha sido tradicionalmente la encargada de cumplir -como indicamos en aquel estudio- «la misión primordial de subsanar las insuficiencias de los canales de distribución y de suplir las carencias, a nivel local, de unos equipamientos comerciales embrionarios»; pero actualmente no es un mero fenómeno residual, como lo demuestran «la amplitud de sus manifestaciones y el respaldo de unos hábitos de compra extendidos entre dilatadas capas de población, a menudo urbana».
Sierra de Salinas: el fracaso de una colonización
Authors: Canales Martínez Gregorio
Published: June 2015

Un eslabón más en la labor colonizadora emprendida por el Estado, es la Ley de Colonización y Repoblación interior de 30 de agosto de 1907, que dio origen a 18 grupos coloniales distribuidos por diferentes provincias, y afectó a unas 11.000 Ha., de las cuales 5000 se destinaron a cultivos y las restantes a aprovechamiento forestal de carácter comunal.
Cartografía de las asociaciones edáficas del Baix Vinalopó
Authors: Matarredona Coll Enrique
Published: June 2015

En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio cartográfico de suelos del Baix Vinalpó, comarca alicantina de 487,6 km2 de superficie integrada por tres municipios: Elx, Crevillent y Santa pola.
La industria del juguete en la provincia de Alicante
Authors: Santos Deltell María José
Published: June 2015

El número de empresas dedicadas al sector juguetero en la provincia de Alicante es de 254. El mayor porcentaje de ellas corresponde a la Hoya de Castalla con 176 (68,4%). La población del sector asciende a 6.098 personas. Onil e Ibi, son los dos municipios más representativos, cuentan con 138 factorías entre los dos y una plantilla de 4.821 trabajadores. Predomina el tipo de planta empresarial de reducidas dimensiones, de hasta 25 empleados, con un porcentaje del 78,8%. Sin embargo, ello no quiere decir que algunas sobrepasan este número, tal es el caso de Famosa en Onil, con 703, que está considerada como una de las más grandes de Europa.
Usos competitivos del agua en la cuenca del Segura
Authors: Morales Gil Alfredo
Published: June 2015

El auge de la agricultura hortofrutícola de exportación y el desarrollo urbano turístico del litoral ha planteado en los últimos treinta años en las provincias de Murcia y Alicante la búsqueda de una solución a la carencia de disponibilidades hídricas, que en una primera etapa se intentó solucionar mediante la captación de aguas subterráneas autóctonas para continuar su aprovechamiento en las tierras del traspaís y finalmente plantear la necesidad de realizar transvases de aguas desde cuencas hidrológicas lejanas, como ha sido el caso de la traída de caudales desde el Tajo al Segura. Los volúmenes trasvasados durante los siete años de funcionamiento del dicho trasvase han sido de alrededor de 200 Hm3/año, por término medio, aunque las previsiones son de alcanzar los 600 Hm3/año. Con ellos y el ahorro producido en las dotaciones de las huertas tradicionales, que han reducido a 4.000 m3/hect. y año los consumos, se ha podido alcanzar una superficie transformada de secano en regadío de 113.065 hectáreas, de las cuales unas 30.000 lo han sido utilizando aguas subterráneas y depuradas después de un aprovechamiento urbano e industrial.
Un índice de mecanización de la agricultura alicantina: el consumo de gasóleo subvencionado en 1980-85
Authors: Segrelles Serrano José Antonio
Published: June 2015

El estudio y análisis del gasóleo subvencionado en el campo alicantino resulta un indicador muy aproximado de la intensidad y de las características que la mecanización agraria tiene en la provincia de Alicante. Subvención no es sinónimo de consumo real, pero su evolución temporal y su reparto territorial nos acercan a él y a todo el conjunto de factores que lo mediatizan; factores idénticos a los que determinan el grado y diferenciación espacial del maquinismo agrario: sistema y tipo de cultivo, tamaño de las explotaciones y parcelas, dispersión parcelaria, dedicación del empresario agrícola... Todo ello nos conduce a afirmar que el empleo de combustible en la agricultura es un tema de extraordinaria trascendencia, sobre todo en los últimos tiempos en que impera una gran preocupación por las consecuencias de la crisis energética y por el deterioro del medio ambiente.
Evolución de la población activa en los municipios del interior montañoso de La Marina
Authors: Santos Deltell María José
Published: June 2015

El cambio de la población que se produce en los pueblos de la Montaña de Villajoyosa se debe a varios factores: Cambio de las actividades económicas, los campesinos dejan de serlo para trabajar en la industria o para formar parte de la población activa del sector terciario; otra de las causas atribuidas a este cambio sería el envejecimiento de la población y la emigración continuada en los últimos treinta años.
La población de Alicante: dinámica, estructura social y repercusiones territoriales
Authors: Gozálvez Pérez Vicente
Published: June 2015

El estudio resalta las favorables perspectivas para la evolución demográfica de la ciudad de Alicante, pues sus funciones terciarias y capitalinas jerarquizan una pujante y densa región urbana, formada esencialmente por la franja litoral, dominada por actividades terciarias, y el corredor industrial junto al río Vinalopó. No obstante, la ciudad ya experimenta dificultades de crecimiento demográfico, derivados tanto de la caída de nacimientos como de la reducción del saldo migratorio positivo, mientras a corto plazo se espera un notable envejecimiento causado tanto por la evolución de la estructura por edades como por la actual inmigración de adultos y jubilados. Es necesario definir con más precisión la vocación económica futura de la ciudad, clave sobre la que se apoyará un crecimiento demográfico diferenciado.
Entrevista: Valter Roberto Silvério
Authors: Prado Ricardo
Published: June 2015

“Deixar de ensinar cultura afrobrasileira na escola é não aplicar a LDB”

Há 23 anos professor do Departamento de Sociologia da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Valter Roberto Silvério é um dos nomes mais destacados no debate sobre cultura afrobrasileira, relações raciais e políticas afirmativas que emergiu na última década, em boa parte decorrente da aprovação, em 2004, da Lei 10.639, que tornou obrigatório o ensino da cultura afrobrasileira na educação básica. Dentre os desafios a serem vencidos para que esta não se tornasse mais uma “lei para inglês ver” (como a lei de 1831 que proibiu o tráfico internacional de escravos, e que nunca foi cumprida, e que gerou a expressão), o mais crucial parecia ser a falta de material didático. [...]
Fatores Relacionados à Adesão ao Exame de Papanicolau entre as Mulheres de 18 a 59 anos
Authors: Almeida Soleane Lavor de , Matos Shirley Kaliny Correia de , Paz Cleidiane Barbosa , Santana Onelliany Moreira Leite Lima , Carvalho Ana cristina Mortimer Lio de , Barbosa Jailma Dos Santos
Published: June 2015

A pesquisa enfatiza sobre o que leva as mulheres a aderirem ao exame de Papanicolau, como também a periodicidade da realização do exame, o conhecimento que elas têm sobre o assunto e aqueles fatores que influenciam na não adesão ao exame em questão. O estudo tem como objetivo identificar os fatores que levam as mulheres a aderirem ao exame de Papanicolau. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva, exploratória, com abordagem quantiqualitativa. O estudo teve como cenário a Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) do bairro Romeirão da zona urbana do município de Juazeiro do Norte, CE, onde abrangem a Equipe de Saúde da Família (ESF) 17. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante o ano de 2010. A população do estudo foi constituída por mulheres usuárias da UBS do município de Juazeiro do Norte, CE. A amostra foi composta pelas usuárias das ESF já citada, com faixa etária entre 18 e 59 anos de idade. O instrumento da coleta de dados foi uma entrevista semiestruturada, realizada nas UBS com aquelas que aderiram o exame de Papanicolau. Utilizou-se para analise dos dados qualitativos a técnica de caracterização de dados através das falas das participantes, após seu consentimento. Com relação às variáveis quantitativas, estas foram apresentadas na forma de tabelas e porcentagens. Evidenciou-se ao traçar o perfil socioeconômico que a maioria das entrevistadas encontrou-se na faixa etária entre 18 e 28 anos, predominando as casadas, de nível escolar baixo e as de renda mensal de um salário mínimo. Com relação ao perfil da periodicidade, prevaleceram principalmente aquelas que não recordavam a quantidade de exames de Papanicolau já realizados, aquelas com alguma alteração no resultado do exame e aquelas que dizem realizar o exame apenas se sinal / sintoma aparente. Na categoria conhecimento das mulheres acerca do exame de Papanicolau, prevaleceram aquelas que afirmaram que o exame é de diagnostico, poucas relataram que além de diagnostico é também de prevenção. Quando questionadas sobre os fatores que influencia a não adesão do exame, as mais verbalizadas foram, em ordem crescente: timidez, temor ao resultado e incomodo durante o procedimento. Já em relação aos fatores que levam a serem submetidas ao exame, prevaleceram aquelas que dizem procurar quando estão apresentando algum sinal / sintoma, poucas relataram que procurou a unidade sem qualquer sinal/sintoma. Indiscutivelmente nota-se a escassez de uma busca ativa ou mesmo da divulgação da importância do exame de Papanicolau e de seu objetivo principal que é o de prevenir e não diagnosticar, como os entrevistados tem o conhecimento. Portanto, vê-se a necessidade de órgãos responsáveis para uma melhor divulgação e por parte da atenção básica, na pratica educativa e busca ativa daqueles faltosos.
Global business networks and technology
Authors: Pomykalski Andrzej
Published: June 2015

The current economic development changes the perception of technology innovation and business cooperation. Global business networks create very competitive markets characterised by constant innovation and dynamic changes. Further changes may come with growing involvement of active consumers and the development of Internet of Things. Focusing mainly on activities of multinational business networks operating in Poland the author describes selected aspects of gradual adoption of innovation management concepts in firms. The article provides with an overview of concepts described in innovation management literature during the last decade and of new concepts evolving.
Chemical Effects of Nuclear Recoil. Alkali Bromates
Authors: Apers D. J. , Dejehet F. G. , Outryve D'ydewalle B. S. van , Capron P. C. , Jach J. , Moorhead E.
Published: June 2015

An attempt is made to explain some of the discrepancies which have been observed when studying the retention of bromine in neutron irradiated bromates. In particular the influence of solvent, irradiation time and thermal annealing is investigated in potassium bromate, lithium (natural abundance) bromate and lithium (depleted in 6Li) bromate. Experiments show that a considerable amount of neutral bromine is formed upon recoil, and that the abnormal behaviour of lithium bromate is due to the consequences of 6Li(n, ɑ)T reactions.

An explanation is put forward on the basis of an oxygen free intermediate recoil bromine fragment. The isotope effect on bromine recoil is confirmed.