bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphic Characterization of Terrain Using Information Computational Methods
Authors: - Saurabh Shandilya
Published: August 2024

As is well known, automated pattern recognition and satellite data analysis include a broad spectrum of pattern recognition. Image classification is a crucial remote sensing technology that facilitates the automatic understanding of massive amounts of data. Numerous researchers have put a great deal of effort into this field,and their results are impressive. In order to distinguish between diverse terrain classes, such as water, urban,rocky, vegetation, and barren, we are examining a variety of nature-inspired strategies in this article. the many methods we are using to do this, including the hybrid algorithms of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO),Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO), Firefly and Firefly Algorithm, and Hybrid Cuckoo Search & Firefly Algorithm. These methods with a strong natural influence are crucial for applications involving distant sensing. These methods have shown good results showing increased efficiency and larger values of the Kappa coefficient, making them highly helpful for classifying aspects of the terrain. This research examines many methods of classifying satellite photos that draw inspiration from nature.
Materials and Techniques for Pediatric Restorative Dentistry: A Review of the Latest Trends
Authors: - Yousef Alenezi , - Abdulrahman Abdulraheem , - Khaled  Abdulraheem
Published: August 2024

Dental caries remains a significant oral health problem affecting children worldwide. Restoring carious lesions in the pediatric dentition requires materials and techniques that are effective, efficient, esthetic, and minimally invasive. This review provides an overview of the latest trends in pediatric restorative dentistry, focusing on restorative materials, esthetic crowns, biological restorations, prosthetic rehabilitation, and alternative techniques for improving esthetics. Advancements in glass ionomer cements, composite resins, and nanofilled composites have improved physical properties and esthetics. Esthetic crowns like zirconia, cerec, and preveneered stainless steel offer durable and natural-looking solutions. Biological restorations (fragment reattachment, natural tooth pontics) and prosthetic techniques (modified appliances, fiber-reinforced space maintainers) enable conservative approaches. Alternative techniques such as bleaching, veneers, lasers, and cosmetic contouring further enhance esthetics. As the field continues evolving, future research should focus on developing biocompatible, minimally invasive, and long-lasting materials and techniques that improve patient compliance and satisfaction while addressing the unique challenges of treating pediatric patients.
Comparative Analysis of Rehabilitation Outcomes: Custom-Made Versus Prefabricated Orthotic Devices in Patients with Wrist Injuries
Authors: - Mishal A. Almuhameed , - Taleb A. Alessa
Published: August 2024

Background: Orthotic devices play a crucial role in the rehabilitation of wrist injuries, with custom-made and prefabricated options being commonly used. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of custom-made versus prefabricated orthotic devices in improving rehabilitation outcomes for patients with wrist injuries.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 115 participants, divided into custom-made orthotic and prefabricated orthotic groups. Key outcome measures included functional improvement, pain levels, grip strength, range of motion, patient satisfaction, and compliance rates.

Results: Custom-made orthotic devices demonstrated superior outcomes compared to prefabricated devices in functional improvement, pain reduction, grip strength, range of motion, patient satisfaction, and compliance rates. Custom-made orthoses were associated with greater comfort, personalized fit, and overall patient satisfaction.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that custom-made orthotic devices offer greater benefits in rehabilitation outcomes for patients with wrist injuries compared to prefabricated options. Personalization and customization play a significant role in enhancing patient comfort, function, and satisfaction during the rehabilitation process.
Effectiveness of Ankle-Foot Orthoses Combined with Physiotherapy on Improving Balance and Reducing Falls in Older Adults
Authors: - Taleb A. Alessa , - Mishal A. Almuhameed , - Rana S Alsaleh
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) combined with physiotherapy on improving balance and reducing falls in older adults.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 older adults aged 65 and above with a history of falls. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFO), Physiotherapy (PT), and Combined Therapy (AFO + PT). Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and fall incidence was recorded over a 12-week period.

Results: The Combined Therapy group showed significant improvements in BBS scores (mean improvement of 16.3 points) and a greater reduction in fall incidence (0 falls) compared to the AFO group (mean improvement of 11.1 points, 2 falls) and the PT group (mean improvement of 11.6 points, 1 fall) with p-values of <0.05.

Conclusion: The combination of AFOs and physiotherapy significantly improves balance and reduces fall incidence in older adults more effectively than either intervention alone. These findings support the use of combined therapy in clinical practice to enhance fall prevention strategies in the elderly population.
The Nurses' Role in Management Complaint
Authors: Wahyuningsih Aries , Firmanda Giovanni Iga , Pratiwi Wahyu Nur , Margaretta Sheylla Septina
Published: August 2024

Background: As primary caregivers, nurses ensure patient safety and quality health services by effectively managing patient complaints. Proper handling of these complaints is crucial for providing effective treatment. Develop management and understanding of handling patient complaints efficiently by providing a systematic framework and identifying effective communication techniques to deal with patient complaints effectively. Methods: ProQuest, Ebsco, Science Direct, and Elsevier were the literature sources examined between 2013 and 2023. Results: Nursing managers should enhance nurses' communication skills to improve patient care and complaint management. Studies indicate that targeted training in communication significantly boosts nurses' effectiveness and patient satisfaction.Conclusion: Implementing training programs, regular assessments, and ongoing support will improve patient outcomes and more effective complaint handling.
Narrow-Band, Band-Stop Filter Designs with Different Numbers of L-Resonators
Authors: Doganay Busra Ozturk , Coskun Ozlem
Published: August 2024

Filters have an important place in RF and microwave engineering. Filtering certain frequencies is one of the most basic needs in receiver and transmitter systems. Today, microstrip filters are used in many areas of microwave engineering such as radar systems, cellular communications, test/measurement systems, wireless modems, radio and television receivers, and remote control systems. In these filter structures; high performance, low loss, small size, and low-cost requirements are sought. In this study, narrow-band, band-stop filter designs with different numbers of L-resonators at a frequency of 2.45 Hz were realized. The main goal of this study is to design filters with higher performance, lower return loss, and more compact and useful sizes. Thanks to these filter designs, undesirable signals are filtered and targeted signals are transmitted appropriately.
Kajian Fitur Arsitektur Kolonial Belanda Pada Benteng Willem I
Authors: Sekundiana Christiana Peni , Ardiyanto Antonius , Krisprantono Krisprantono
Published: August 2024

Benteng Willem I Ambarawa ibarat “Mutiara yang Terpendam”, hal ini seakan sesuai dengan sebutannya yakni “Benteng Pendem”. Dirunut dari kesejarahannya bangunan tersebut menyimpan banyak misteri dan penuh kenangan. Kondisi Benteng Willem saat ini memprihatinkan, tidak terawat, dinding bangunan sudah mulai rusak, papan lantai tidak lagi cukup kuat untuk menyangga beban sehingga pengunjung dilarang masuk kedalam, yang terawat adalah bangunan yang saat ini menjadi lapas. Sedangkan pengunjung semakin banyak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengeluarkan kembali mutiara yang terpendam sekian lama dengan mengkaji kembali karakteristik arsitektural pada bangunan bangunan di dalam Benteng Willem dengan melihat fitur fitur yang masih melekat pada bangunan. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan historis serta kajian literatur. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini akan menjadi kajian  dalam merevitalisasi Benteng Willem 1.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE IMAGE AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF A SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST
Authors:   Doctoral student of Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizomi, Uzbekistan, Adkhamjonovich Teshaboev Inomjon
Published: August 2024

School psychologists play an important role in the society in the psychological condition of students, in solving the problems that arise in the educational process, and in contributing to their social and spiritual development. They help solve students' problems through their self-control skills and professional activities in various conflict situations. Also, the social psychological image of school psychologists is important for their effective work.
Independent-channels models of temporal-order judgment revisited: A model comparison
Authors: Kelber Paul , Ulrich Rolf
Published: August 2024

The perception of temporal order or simultaneity of stimuli is almost always explained in terms of independent-channels models, such as perceptual-moment, triggered-moment, and attention-switching models. Independent-channels models generally posit that stimuli are processed in separate peripheral channels and that their arrival-time difference at a central location is translated into an internal state of order (simultaneity) if it reaches (misses) a certain threshold. Non-monotonic and non-parallel psychometric functions in a ternary-response task provided critical evidence against a wide range of independent-channels models. However, two independent-channels models have been introduced in the last decades that can account for such shapes by considering misreports of internal states (response-error model) or by assuming that simultaneity and order judgments rely on distinct sensory and decisional processes (two-stage model). Based on previous ideas, we also consider a two-threshold model, according to which the same arrival-time difference may need to reach a higher threshold for order detection than for successiveness detection. All three models were fitted to various data sets collected over a period of more than a century. The two-threshold model provided the best balance between goodness of fit and parsimony. This preference for the two-threshold model over the two-stage model and the response-error model aligns well with several lines of evidence from cognitive modeling, psychophysics, mental chronometry, and psychophysiology. We conclude that the seemingly deviant shapes of psychometric functions can be explained within the framework of independent-channels models in a simpler way than previously assumed.
Semantic-stylistic and verbal-behavioral features of character formation of “incompetent professionals” in Hollywood cinema
Authors: Surnin Mykyta
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of presenting professional incompetence in Hollywood film productions. It was concluded that the construction of images of “incompetent professionals” in the plots of the considered films is carried out by creating images of film heroes consisting of positively and negatively colored features: kind, cheerful, carefree and boastful on the one hand, and professionally undefined, irresponsible, greedy, insidious and dissatisfied with the world on the other hand. Such a dichotomy creates an impression of similarity with a real person and attracts the viewer, automatically pushing the reference movie hero to the sidelines, leaving him or her in the past. The thematic content of the film production is analyzed, the main factors used to create and popularize the positive image of “non-professional professionals”, the image of the newest film hero of the modern socio-cultural reality are determined. It was determined that massification as a process and result of the global influence of popular cinema on people’s thinking is manifested in the formation of a picture of the world, which is a cognitive structure of perception of reality. This leads to the creation of a special media picture of the world, which is the result of constant information expansion aimed at understanding the world, and causes constant manipulation of the content of the individual’s consciousness. Film production, in this regard, imitates reality, creating visual and verbal pictures that have a direct impact on the psyche and behavior of people, forming social stereotypes.
Negociación y Resolución de Conflictos en Docentes de Educación Secundaria del Distrito de Perené-Chanchamayo
Authors: José Ricardo Mancilla León
Published: August 2024

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo Determinar la relación que existe entre la negociación y la resolución de conflictos en los docentes de nivel secundaria de las Instituciones Educativas en referencia. La metodología fue cuantitativa, descriptiva, correlacional. La población lo constituyen los docentes y directivos de secundaria en un número de 162 unidades; con una muestra de 60. Los resultados de la investigación es que la negociación se relaciona directa y significativamente con la resolución de conflictos en los docentes de nivel secundaria de las Instituciones Educativas evaluadas. En conclusión, con base en esta evidencia, se puede decir que la forma en que los docentes abordan los conflictos se muestra deficiente; es decir, las habilidades de resolución de conflictos son bajas y, por lo tanto, los docentes están insatisfechos con los resultados, porque carecen de habilidades como liderazgo, empatía y toma de decisiones.
Uso de Tecnologías en matemática y su impacto en la enseñanza
Authors: Fernandez Sutta Federico Ubaldo , Tejada Auccacusi Rosalynn , Galiano Campo Carolina , Ccahua Valle Edison Raul
Published: August 2024

Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo analizar y sintetizar la literatura existente sobre el uso de tecnologías en la enseñanza de las matemáticas, evaluando su impacto en el rendimiento académico, la comprensión conceptual y la motivación de los estudiantes. Se utilizó la metodología PRISMA para realizar una búsqueda exhaustiva de estudios empíricos y teóricos en bases de datos académicas, seleccionando aquellos que cumplían con criterios específicos de inclusión. Los hallazgos principales indican que las tecnologías, como el software educativo, las plataformas de aprendizaje en línea, las aplicaciones móviles y la realidad aumentada, mejoran significativamente la comprensión de conceptos matemáticos y el rendimiento académico. Además, se observó un aumento en la motivación y el compromiso de los estudiantes, especialmente con el uso de gamificación. Sin embargo, se identificaron desafíos, como la brecha digital y la necesidad de formación docente adecuada. Se concluye que, aunque la tecnología ofrece oportunidades valiosas para transformar la educación matemática, su implementación efectiva requiere una planificación cuidadosa y apoyo adecuado para superar las barreras existentes.
Analisis Pembentukan Portofolio Optimal pada Indeks Saham LQ-45 dengan Metode Safety First Criterion
Authors: Amalia Disya Recita , Sulistianingsih Evy , Imro'ah Nurfitri
Published: August 2024

An optimal portfolio of stocks is a combination of various stock investment assets chosen to provide the maximum level of return for a specified level of risk or provide a minimal level of risk for a specified level of return. Investors form an optimal stock portfolio with the aim of minimizing the risk of investment activities. This research discusses the formation of the optimal portfolio on LQ-45 index stocks with the Safety First Criterion method. There are three criteria in the Safety First method, namely Roy Safety First, Kataoka Safety First, and Telser Safety First. The three criteria of Safety First have the main similarity in focusing on investment risk and have different objectives. The optimal portfolio with Roy Safety First criteria aims to reduce the possibility of a high level of risk. Then, the optimal portfolio with Kataoka Safety First criteria, has the goal of maximizing returns, with a level of risk determined by investors. While the optimal portfolio of Telser Safety First criteria aims to achieve the highest expected return within a predetermined risk level. The data in this study are secondary data on the weekly closing price of the LQ-45 index for the period February 2021 to January 2023, which is 105 weeks. Based on the results of the analysis, the optimal portfolio formation for risk-loving investors is the Telser criteria portfolio. This portfolio consists of ADRO, BBNI, BMRI, ITMG, and MEDC stocks. Then, the optimal portfolio for risk-averse investors is the Roy criteria portfolio consisting of ADRO, BBNI, BMRI, MDKA, and MEDC stocks.
Comparison of Fuzzy Grey Markov Model (1,1) and Fuzzy Grey Markov Model (2,1) in Forecasting Gold Prices in Indonesia
Authors: Soraya Arthamevia Najwa , Firdaniza Firdaniza , Parmikanti Kankan
Published: August 2024

Currently, gold investment is considered promising despite the ever-changing price of gold. However, obtaining optimal profits is a challenge for investors. Therefore, a proper forecasting method is needed to forecast the gold price so investors can know the best transaction time. This study used two forecasting methods: the Fuzzy Grey Markov Model (1,1) and a new, never-before-used approach, the Fuzzy Grey Markov Model (2,1). The Fuzzy Grey Markov Model (2,1) approach is interesting because it can be considered for forecast data that shows varying increases and decreases, such as the gold price data used in this study. Both methods are combined models that utilize fuzzy logic to handle uncertainty in data; the Grey model forms a forecasting model, and the Markov chain determines the state transition probability matrix. Next, the error rates of the two methods are compared based on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value to obtain the best forecasting method. As a result of this study, the Fuzzy Grey Markov Model (1,1) was chosen as the best forecasting method with a MAPE value of 0.28%.
Pemanfaatan Lingkungan Sekitar Dalam Pengembangan Masyarakat Yang Sehat Dan Berkemajuan Saga ( Sahabat Keluarga) Di Desa Batubelah
Authors: Virgo Gusman , Kurniadi Rizki , Indrawati
Published: August 2024

In treating wounds and reducing rheumatic pain, many methods have been developed, one of which is the herbal treatment method. One of the plants used to treat wounds is betel leaves and olive oil and ginger juice. This service method is (1) Preparatory stage Forming an activity committee: Coordinating to determine the time for the meeting. Prepare a proposal (pre planning). Carry out the guidance process for implementing Herbal Space procurement activities. (2) Carrying out activities by creating a Herbal Space in the Community.
In this service, the results of non-pharmacological treatment carried out by researchers were the use of olive oil and ginger juice.  Ginger has many benefits, namely it can reduce pain in joint pain or rheumatoid arthritis. The content of this olive oil is oleocanthal which can function similarly to ibuprofen, namely anti-inflammatory. Apart from that, olive oil also contains prostaglandins which can be used to reduce swelling and joint pain in rheumatoid arthritis sufferers. There is an effect of giving crushed betel leaves to accelerate the healing process of incisional wounds in the community so it is hoped that betel leaves will be used as an alternative for wound healing with non-pharmacological or herbal treatments.
The Impact of Psychological and Contextual Factors on Student Achievement in Chemistry: A Quantitative Study in Sri Lankan Senior Secondary Schools
Authors: Sumedha Thero B. Siri , Senevirathne K.S.H.M.V.W.W.
Published: August 2024

This quantitative study investigates the influence of psychological and contextual factors on chemistry achievement among senior secondary school students in Sri Lanka. The research examines teachers' teaching styles, students' understanding of concepts, subject satisfaction, and attitudes toward chemistry as psychological factors, with gender and school type as contextual characteristics. Using a sample of 302 students and 114 teachers from 13 schools in the Kegalle Education Zone, data were collected using a Likert scale- based instrument and a structured chemistry test. The validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed by pilot testing and confirmatory factor analysis. Data analysis, performed with SPSS and Amos software, used multivariate techniques and structural equation modeling. The results indicate that attitude towards chemistry and gender significantly influence student achievement. All variables except school location have a positive effect on student achievement. Recommendations include enhancing teacher training programs to promote effective, student-centered teaching styles, developing interventions aimed at improving students' conceptual understanding and attitudes towards chemistry, ensuring that curriculum and teaching practices are engaging and relevant to student's interests and experiences, and implementing gender-sensitive strategies to support both boys and girls in achieving their full potential in chemistry. This study provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers to design targeted strategies that address the identified factors, ultimately aiming to enhance educational outcomes and student performance in chemistry.
Tales from an Island School: Stakeholders’ Partnership on Spotlight
Authors: G. Murillo Meshel
Published: August 2024

This study delved into teachers' experiences at an island school in their collaboration with stakeholders. It aimed to capture the accounts of teachers regarding the involvement of stakeholders in the island school. The study had ten (10) participants, and it employed in-depth interviews to gather information from them. Through thematic analysis, the following themes were identified regarding stakeholders' participation: Planning and decision-making and Program implementation. These findings align with the principles of shared governance and empowerment of school heads as outlined in RA9155's mandate. Additionally, the study identified challenges in stakeholders' partnership, resulting in themes such as Weak commitment of stakeholders to participate and Financial and material deficiency. From the experiences and challenges shared by the teacher- participants, the following insights were developed: Encouraging stakeholders’ participation and increasing the school budget. These insights further reinforce the importance of stakeholders' participation in school planning, decision-making, and all school programs and activities. The study recommends that, to recognize the efforts of stakeholders in crafting the school plan and participating in school activities, incentives should be provided as a practical expression of gratitude. This will motivate stakeholders to consistently participate in school activities, including monitoring project implementation to ensure that the school plan is diligently executed according to the set target date.
Temperature Monıtorıng of Chıllıng System Usıng IoT Technıques
Authors: G Nisanth , D Dhanushree , Priya V. Vishnu , Keerthana S.
Published: August 2024

The chilling of milk in dairy sector is important to increase the life time of the milk as well as the quality of milk. The chilling of milk means rapid cooling of raw milk sufficiently at low temperature so that the growth of microorganisms present in the milk is tested. During the chilling process the temperature of milk should be reduced to less than 10°C. The manual process of monitoring the temperature of chilling system continuously is impossible and the continuous running of the compressor is not feasible. Maintaining the chill water temperature at the required level increases the efficiency and the cost of electricity is reduced due to the compressor maintenance. This project aims to continuously monitor the temperature of chiller using IoT techniques. The temperature monitoring sensor helps to send the reading of chiller temperature regularly. If the chiller temperature goes at high rate NodeMCU (Node Micro Controller Unit)-ESP8266 and IFTT application are used as an interface between the user and microcontroller to generate and send the notification to the end users.
Modern Applications of Blockchain Technologies in Contemporary Times: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gbli Tetteh Samuel , Yaw Agyeman Atta
Published: August 2024

Blockchain technology is one of the most innovative and versatile technological advancements of contemporary times, finding applications in various fields such as finance, healthcare, education, and real estate. This paper provides a systematic review of blockchain technology, its historical evolution, fundamental concepts, different types of blockchain, and its various applications. The study also explores the key characteristics of blockchain, including decentralization, transparency, and immutability, and discusses the challenges and limitations faced by the technology, such as scalability issues, security concerns, and regulatory challenges. Additionally, the paper looks into future trends and developments in blockchain technology, particularly advancements in consensus algorithms, integration with other emerging technologies, and the rise of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and Decentralized Finance (DeFi).
The Joker’s Shifting Face: Eighty Years of Mad History in
Batman
and American Culture
Authors: Wheeler Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2024

That “grim jester with a twisted brain,”
Batman
supervillain the Joker reflects shifting social constructions of mental difference in the US across eight decades. The article reads
Batman
serial comics, graphic novels, and film against four key moments in Mad History: eugenics, psychiatric survivor activism in the 1960s and 1970s, the trauma discourses of 1980s popular culture, and the criminalization of mental difference in the twenty-first century. Out of this complex conversation four models of madness are derived: toxic reproduction, liberation, mad genius, and the conflation of madness with violent crime. These models work intersectionally: Joker’s madness, queerness, and exceptionally white masculinity engender each other. Because of his distinctive qualities as a visual icon, he makes Mad History more visible, too.
VLBA Astrometry of the Fastest-spinning Magnetar Swift J1818.0−1607: A Large Trigonometric Distance and a Small Transverse Velocity
Authors: Ding Hao , Lower Marcus E. , Deller Adam T. , Shannon Ryan M. , Camilo Fernando , Sarkissian John
Published: August 2024

In addition to being the most magnetic objects in the known Universe, magnetars are the only objects observed to generate fast-radio-burst-like emissions. The formation mechanism of magnetars is still highly debated and may potentially be probed with the magnetar velocity distribution. We carried out a 3 yr long astrometric campaign on Swift J1818.0−1607, the fastest-spinning magnetar, using the Very Long Baseline Array. After applying the phase-calibrating 1D interpolation strategy, we obtained a small proper motion of 8.5 mas yr−1 mag and a parallax of 0.12 ± 0.02 mas (uncertainties at 1σ confidence throughout the Letter) for Swift J1818.0−1607. The latter is the second magnetar parallax and is among the smallest neutron star parallaxes ever determined. From the parallax, we derived the distance

9.4

−
1.6

+
2.0

kpc, which locates Swift J1818.0−1607 at the far side of the Galactic central region. Combined with the distance, the small proper motion leads to a transverse peculiar velocity

v

⊥

=

48

−
16

+
50

km s−1—a new lower limit to magnetar v
⊥. Incorporating previous v
⊥ estimates of seven other magnetars, we acquired

v

⊥

=

149

−
68

+
132

km s−1 for the sample of astrometrically studied magnetars, corresponding to the three-dimensional space velocity

∼

190

−
87

+
168

km s−1, smaller than the average level of young pulsars. Additionally, we found that the magnetar velocity sample does not follow the unimodal young pulsar velocity distribution reported by Hobbs et al. at >2σ confidence, while loosely agreeing with more recent bimodal young pulsar velocity distributions derived from relatively small samples of quality astrometric determinations.
Glimmers in the Cosmic Dawn: A Census of the Youngest Supermassive Black Holes by Photometric Variability*
Authors: Hayes Matthew J. , Tan Jonathan C. , Ellis Richard S. , Young Alice R. , Cammelli Vieri , Singh Jasbir , Runnholm Axel , Saxena Aayush , Lunnan Ragnhild , Keller Benjamin W. , Monaco Pierluigi , Laporte Nicolas , Melinder Jens
Published: August 2024

We report the first results from a deep near-infrared campaign with the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain late-epoch images of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, 10–15 yr after the first epoch data were obtained. The main objectives are to search for faint active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshifts by virtue of their photometric variability and measure (or constrain) the comoving number density of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), n
SMBH, at early times. In this Letter, we present an overview of the program and preliminary results concerning eight objects. Three variables are supernovae, two of which are apparently hostless with indeterminable redshifts, although one has previously been recorded as a z ≈ 6 object precisely because of its transient nature. Two further objects are clear AGN at z = 2.0 and 3.2, based on morphology and/or infrared spectroscopy from JWST. Three variable targets are identified at z = 6–7 that are also likely AGN candidates. These sources provide a first measure of n
SMBH in the reionization epoch by photometric variability, which places a firm lower limit of 3 × 10−4 cMpc−3. After accounting for variability and luminosity incompleteness, we estimate n
SMBH ≳ 8 × 10−3 cMpc−3, which is the largest value so far reported at these redshifts. This SMBH abundance is also strikingly similar to estimates of n
SMBH in the local Universe. We discuss how these results test various theories for SMBH formation.
Outflow Driven by a Protoplanet Embedded in the TW Hya Disk
Authors: Yoshida Tomohiro C. , Nomura Hideko , Law Charles J. , Teague Richard , Shibaike Yuhito , Furuya Kenji , Tsukagoshi Takashi
Published: August 2024

Gas giant planets are formed by gas accretion onto planetary cores in protoplanetary disks. However, direct evidence of this process is still lacking, limiting our understanding of planetary formation processes. During mass accretion, planet-driven outflows may be launched, which could be observable by shock tracers such as sulfur monoxide (SO). We report the detection of SO gas in the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya in archival Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations. The SO J = 87 − 76 emission line is detected at a 6σ significance and localized to the southeast region of the disk with an arc-like morphology. The line center is redshifted with respect to the systemic velocity by ∼5 km s−1. The starting point of the SO emission is located at a planet-carved dust gap at 42 au. We attribute this to an outflow driven by an embedded protoplanet. Indeed, the observed morphology is well reproduced by a ballistic outflow model. The outflow velocity suggests that the outflow launching source has a mass of ∼4M
⊕ and the mass-loss rate is 3 × 10−8–1 × 10−6
M
Jup yr−1. With the relation of mass-loss and mass-accretion rates established for protostars, we estimated the mass-accretion rate onto the protoplanet to be 3 × 10−7−1 × 10−5
M
Jup yr−1, which matches theoretical predictions for a ∼4M
⊕ planet at this separation. The detection of planet-driven outflow provides us a unique opportunity to directly probe the earliest phase of gas giant planet formation.
Jet-induced Enhancement of the Nova Rate in M87
Authors: Della Valle Massimo , Shafter Allen W. , Starrfield Sumner
Published: August 2024

We argue that the Bondi accretion mechanism has the potential to enhance classical nova production near the M87 jet. According to our estimates, the jet's influence can increase the nova rate in its vicinity by up to a factor of two over the background rate by triggering explosions on single white dwarfs. This result may offer a straightforward explanation for the recently observed excess of novae near the M87 jet.
Quantitative assessment of urban sustainability perceptions in Lurin, Peru
Authors: Ojeda-Zaga Ruth , Moya-Almeida Vinicio , Alvarado-Arias Natalia , Zuleta-Mediavilla Diana
Published: August 2024

In the current context, urban centres in Latin America are facing fundamental challenges in their endeavour for Sustainable Development. The focus of this study is the meticulous assessment of the perception of urban sustainability within the Lurín District of Peru. It introduces a system based on urban sustainability indicators, derived from social surveys and implements this system through linear regression models to discern their interrelations. The objective of the research is to quantify and evaluate essential elements linked to the management of natural resources, air and water quality, the advancement of sustainable mobility, education and the well-being of urban residents. By delineating these mathematical and statistical correlations amongst variables pertinent to urban sustainability, this study provides a robust framework for quantitative decision-making in the urban sphere. A methodology for the development of univariable and multivariable models has been demonstrated. Amongst the most important findings, it has been discovered that the variable Environmental Education System (SEA) is perceived as the least important and even negligible within the multivariable models. However, we believe this effect occurs because the impacts of education are perceived in the long term. This article contributes significantly to the academic discourse by providing a more nuanced understanding of the social perception of urban sustainability and its influence on policy formulation and decision-making processes in Latin America.
Utiliser la relation pour explorer le développement de l’identité culturelle et les dynamiques d’oppression et de répression
Authors: Umney Marion , Rassekh Fari , Blondel Agnès
Published: August 2024

À travers leurs histoires personnelles et un dialogue entre elles, les autrices examinent l’influence de la culture sur le développement de soi dans le contexte de l’immigration croissante au Royaume-Uni. Elles abordent l’oppression, la répression, leurs manifestations dans leurs différentes expériences culturelles, et la manière dont celles-ci ont façonné leurs identités culturelles. Par leurs réflexions, les autrices cherchent à comprendre les tensions au sein de l’identité culturelle de la culture blanche d’accueil, dominante, et au sein de l’identité culturelle de l’immigrant arrivant. Elles expliquent comment ces tensions se transforment en hostilité et en animosité en cas de différence culturelle. Enfin, elles envisagent la possibilité que ces tensions aient pour origine un sens de soi perturbé et que comprendre les mécanismes de défense pourrait faciliter d’autres manières d’être dans un monde qui change à toute vitesse.
L’érection à Dijon d’un monument à Bossuet
Authors: Roze Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2024

Évoquée dès 1845, l’érection d’un monument en l’honneur de Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, brillant évêque, enfant de Dijon, ne connût pas de réalisation immédiate sans doute en conséquence des évènements de 1848 qui avaient conduit à abriter dans la cathédrale la statue de saint Bernard réalisée dans le même souci de glorifier la ville. Le projet repris avec de puissants appuis civils et religieux en 1853 connut un nouvel échec. Il fallut constater en 1857 que la souscription n’avait pas répondu aux espérances. En 1899, une nouvelle tentative rencontre immédiatement l’enthousiasme du nouvel évêque Albert Le Nordez. La situation politique défavorable, les atermoiements de la municipalité, concernant l’emplacement à choisir et des maladresses du prélat faillirent une nouvelle fois tout faire chavirer. Cependant la ténacité d’Albert Le Nordez permit au monument d’être érigé discrètement dans la cathédrale, alors que le diocèse entrait dans une forte tourmente. Il fallut attendre la fin de la Grande Guerre pour que les pouvoirs publics et le clergé réconciliés s’entendent pour déplacer le monument au chevet de l’église Saint-Jean où il trouve tout son sens.
Comment parler de la fin de vie aujourd’hui ? Entre la médicalisation et le fantasme naturaliste
Authors: Zielinska Anna C.
Published: August 2024

La société qui cherche à légiférer sur l’aide médicale à mourir n’est pas une société qui perd sa sensibilité quant à la valeur de la vie humaine – l’augmentation du rejet de la peine de mort accompagne l’augmentation du soutien pour la fin de vie accompagnée. En examinant quelques aspects des assemblées citoyennes, ce texte essaie de comprendre comment celles-ci, malgré une relation ambiguë avec le travail législatif à proprement parler, peuvent introduire des éléments nouveaux dans le débat public, et ensuite parlementaire. Il conclut en soulignant que les anciennes catégories juridiques (euthanasie passive, active, suicide médicalement assisté) ont été élaborées en pensant aux « péchés » ou fautes potentielles des médecins, et non pas à l’accompagnement complet des personnes qui expriment leur souhait de mourir. Le changement de vocabulaire, c’est-à-dire l’abandon de ces notions au profit de l’aide médicale à mourir, aidera à concentrer l’attention du législateur et des praticiens sur la personne qui souffre, et non pas sur les catégorisations abstraites de la pureté morale de celui qui agit.
La convention citoyenne sur la fin de vie. De sa légitimité à se saisir de la mort
Authors: Rui Sandrine
Published: August 2024

Composée de 184 citoyennes et citoyens tirés au sort, la Convention citoyenne sur la fin de vie s’est déroulée de décembre 2022 à avril 2023, au Palais d’Iéna, dans les locaux du Conseil économique, social et environnemental (CESE) qui en était l’organisateur, et ce conformément à la loi organique du 15 janvier 2021, qui donne à ce dernier la possibilité d’associer selon des modalités diverses les individus de la société civile non organisée à ses travaux. Ce positionnement institutionnel comme la portée consultative du mandat confié à la Convention n’épuisent pas pleinement les discussions relatives à la légitimité de tels dispositifs délibératifs. Dans un contexte d’extension des pratiques et de renouvellement des perspectives théoriques, la place et la portée des assemblées citoyennes dans les démocraties représentatives interrogent tant elles viennent bousculer les régimes traditionnels de savoirs et de pouvoirs. Détracteurs et avocats de la délibération se disputent alors autour de cette légitimité douteuse et incertaine. En l’occurrence, quelle est la légitimité de citoyens tirés au sort pour se prononcer individuellement et collectivement sur l’étendue de la liberté de mourir des autres ? Je contribue à cette réflexion depuis le poste d’observation et d’action qu’a constitué le comité de gouvernance dont j’étais membre. Après un exposé des principales caractéristiques de la Convention citoyenne sur la fin de vie, il s’agit d’explorer la question de la pertinence et de la légitimité des membres de la Convention à se prononcer sur la fin de vie, en restant au plus près de ce qu’ils en ont dit eux-mêmes. Sur quoi se fondent les conventionnels pour assurer à l’issue du processus : « nous vous confirmons que nous avons été libres et que nous sommes légitimes » ? Comment comprendre que le cadre délibératif, malgré ses imperfections, paraît avoir constitué un ressort de leur sentiment de légitimité ? De cette exploration, on retiendra alors les effets de la singularité du sujet, tant la mort a constitué une alliée de la qualité délibérative et de ce sentiment de légitimité.
L’assistance au suicide : un droit de l’homme futur en France et en Europe ?
Authors: Fartunova-michel Maria
Published: August 2024

La fin de vie, et plus particulièrement l’aide à mourir, s’est progressivement imposée dans le débat politique national et européen comme une problématique centrale, tant dans la définition d’une politique publique de santé que dans la détermination de la nature de l’acte qui la constitue. La CCFV entérine ce constat en faisant de la volonté de la personne en fin de vie l’élément-clé de son rapport. Pour autant, la centralité de la volonté individuelle suffit-elle à elle seule à consacrer et à reconnaître le suicide assisté comme un droit de l’homme futur ? En l’état actuel des solutions juridiques et jurisprudentielles, ce droit n’apparaît pas encore consacré. Néanmoins, la revendication individuelle d’un droit à mourir reflète davantage une réalité : celle de la réappropriation par l’individu du rapport à sa mort et la redéfinition de la marge nationale d’appréciation qui en résulte.
L’aide active à mourir proposée par la CCFV, un encadrement social de la mort souhaitée
Authors: Moine André
Published: August 2024

Il s’agissait pour la Convention citoyenne sur la fin de vie de décider si le consentement exprès de la personne à sa propre mort pouvait lui procurer un droit à être assisté à cette « fin » et que, partant, l’aidant à mourir n’encourrait plus de sanction pénale pour cet acte, cette « permission » dérogeant à un interdit social particulièrement ancré. Après délibération, les membres de la CCFV ont proposé l’instauration d’une aide active à mourir. Cependant, les conditions énoncées affectent considérablement le respect de ce choix individuel. L’aide active à mourir ne concernerait que les personnes majeures, malades, physiquement atteintes, affectées par une maladie incurable, sujettes à des souffrances physiques ou psychiques réfractaires, et, enfin, dont le pronostic vital est engagé à moyen terme. De plus, les membres de la CCFV, considérant que « la réalisation de l’acte doit être encadrée par le corps médical, que ce soit pour un suicide assisté ou une euthanasie », placent, notamment au vu des conditions posées, le corps médical au centre de leurs propositions alors qu’aider un patient à mourir est à l’opposé de la fonction du médecin qui est de soigner. Identifier plus précisément le contenu de cette proposition suppose de distinguer les hypothèses où la personne peut « encore » décider de l’arrêt ou non de sa vie de celles où elle ne peut plus s’exprimer à ce sujet et les situations dans lesquelles la personne n’a pas fait antérieurement état de ses souhaits quant aux situations dans lesquelles elle voudrait qu’on l’aide activement à mourir et celles dans lesquelles elle a exprimé une volonté à cet égard. Le « respect du choix et de la volonté du patient » est la première conviction commune énoncée par les « conventionnels ». Cependant, au vu des propositions majoritaires de la CCFV sur l’aide à mourir, la restriction est le principe, la liberté l’exception. Il n’y a ainsi pas de référence expresse et déterminante à ces droits fondamentaux que sont l’autonomie personnelle ou la liberté de conscience, la mort souhaitée telle qu’envisagée relève davantage de l’hétéronomie que de l’autonomie.
« On achève bien les chevaux » : le Conseil constitutionnel, la procédure parlementaire et la loi immigration
Authors: Fargeaud Benjamin
Published: August 2024

La décision n° 2023-863 DC rendue par le Conseil constitutionnel le 25 janvier 2024 au sujet de la loi dite « immigration » a suscité de vives réactions politiques. Si ces dernières s’expliquent par l’ampleur du débat médiatique et parlementaire ayant accompagné l’adoption de ce texte, elles semblent toutefois inversement proportionnelles à l’intérêt au fond de la décision. Évitant les sujets difficiles, le Conseil s’est en effet principalement placé sur le terrain de la procédure parlementaire. À cette occasion, il a déployé sa jurisprudence habituelle en la matière. Si cette décision présente ainsi l’avantage d’avoir été largement prévisible, elle traduit également le paternalisme excessif de la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel en ce domaine et la faiblesse des méthodes d’interprétation de la Constitution mobilisée par la haute institution.
Les hommes pluriels de la révolution : fabrique d’une première génération de hauts fonctionnaires islamistes et structuration de l’État en Iran (post)révolutionnaire
Authors: Beaud Guillaume , Khosravi Behnaz
Published: August 2024

La révolution iranienne s’est traduite par une purge des élites d’État, substituées par une jeune génération de révolutionnaires islamistes partageant un capital révolutionnaire forgé dans la mobilisation et dont les profils sociologiques rompent avec l’élite administrative du Shah. Toutefois, la valeur heuristique de l’intérêt porté par la sociologie des révolutions pour le capital révolutionnaire partagé s’estompe dès lors que l’on n’étudie plus l’avènement d’une révolution, mais ses effets sur la (re)structuration de l’État. En Iran, un sous-groupe de révolutionnaires issus des classes moyennes marchandes et cléricales mobilise ses capitaux antérieurs pour investir les hauts postes de l’administration de l’État en (re)formation. L’article montre que la radicalité de la rupture politique et des purges n’empêche pas la détention par des révolutionnaires de capitaux hérités de peser sur la structuration d’un nouveau champ élitaire. Il révèle également que ces mêmes capitaux favoriseront plus tard la conversion de cette première génération en une élite réformiste, et, par conséquent, sa marginalisation. L’article adopte un regard microsociologique reposant sur l’analyse d’entretiens et d’un corpus de mémoires de membres des corps diplomatique et préfectoral.
Les violences sexuelles dans les vies des gays et des bisexuels. Configurations, dissémination et orientations intimes
Authors: Scodellaro Claire , Trachman Mathieu , Balhan Liam
Published: August 2024

Les violences sexuelles subies par les minorités sexuelles masculines ont fait l’objet de travaux qui se sont largement focalisés sur les abus sexuels subis dans l’enfance, occultant les violences à l’âge adulte. Les études prennent peu en compte les spécificités et la diversité des modes de vie de ces populations et les différentes manières de vivre les violences subies. À partir d'un échantillon d'hommes s'identifiant comme homosexuels et bisexuels issu de l’enquête de l’Ined Virage-LGBT sur les violences de genre menée en France en 2015-2016, cet article montre qu’il existe une diversité de situations au sein de cette population. En prenant en compte l’ensemble des violences sexuelles ayant eu lieu dans l’enfance ou à l’âge adulte, ainsi que plusieurs dimensions de la sexualité – identification, pratiques, sociabilité –, cinq configurations sexuelles se dessinent et se différencient par la place qu’y tiennent la sexualité, l’exposition aux violences et le rapport aux sociabilités homosexuelles. Cette approche permet d’identifier différents modes de vie au sein des minorités sexuelles masculines, dont certains sont sans doute propres à certaines générations, et de cerner des individus ayant subi des violences sexuelles tout au long de leur vie, y compris exercées par d’autres homosexuels, et qui semblent se disséminer dans leur existence. L’appartenance à une minorité sexuelle et les évolutions de son acceptation ne sont pas les seuls éléments permettant de saisir les logiques des violences sexuelles subies par cette population : l’organisation genrée de l’homosexualité masculine, les manières dont les vies des homo-bisexuels s’inscrivent dans des rapports de classe et d’âge incitent à proposer une approche intersectionnelle de ces violences.