bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who Says We Are Bad People? The Impact of Criticism Source and Attributional Content on Responses to Group-Based Criticism
Authors: Rabinovich Anna , Morton Thomas A.
Published: April 2010

We investigated the interplay between the source of criticism and the attributional content of their message on behavioral responses to group-based criticism. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that outgroup critics were more effective when their criticism included internal attributions (to the ingroup’s character) rather than external attributions (the ingroup’s circumstances), whereas there was no effect of attributional content for ingroup critics (a significant Source × Content interaction). Study 3 explored the role of audiences in responses to outgroup criticism. The results indicated that the positive effects of internal versus external attributions were only evident when an outgroup audience was witness to participants’ responses. Furthermore, these effects were mediated through concerns about the ingroup’s image. Together, these patterns suggest that responses to criticism depend not just on the identity of the critic but also on what the critic says and who is watching. People may be surprisingly responsive to outgroup criticism—particularly when inaction might lead others to perceive them as “bad people.”
Two- to 4-Year Follow-up to a Comparison of Home Versus Physical Therapy-Supervised Rehabilitation Programs After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Grant John A. , Mohtadi Nicholas G. H.
Published: April 2010

Background: There have been no long-term follow-up studies comparing a predominantly home-based rehabilitation program with a standard physical therapy program after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Demonstrating the long-term success of such a cost-effective program would be beneficial to guide future rehabilitation practice.

Purpose: To determine whether there were any differences in long-term outcome between recreational athletes who performed a physical therapy-supervised rehabilitation program and those who performed a primarily home-based rehabilitation program in the first 3 months after ACL reconstruction.

Study Design: Randomized clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods: Patients were randomized before ACL reconstruction surgery to either the physical therapy-supervised (17 physical therapy sessions) or home-based (4 physical therapy sessions) program. Eighty-eight of the original 129 patients returned 2 to 4 years after surgery to assess their long-term clinical outcomes. Primary outcome was the ACL quality of life questionnaire (ACL QOL). Secondary outcomes were bilateral difference in knee extension and flexion range of motion, sagittal plane knee laxity, relative quadriceps and hamstring strength, and objective International Knee Documentation Committee score. Unpaired t tests and a chi-square test were used for the comparisons.

Results: The home-based group had a significantly higher mean ACL QOL score (80.0 ± 16.2) than the physical therapy-supervised group (69.9 ± 22.0) a mean of 38 months after surgery ( P = .02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 18.4). The mean change in ACL QOL score from before surgery to follow-up was not significantly different between the groups (physical therapy = 40.0, home = 45.8, P = .26, 95% CI: −15.8, 4.4). There were no significant differences in the secondary outcome measures.

Conclusion: This long-term study upholds the short-term findings of the original randomized clinical trial by demonstrating that patients who participate in a predominantly home-based rehabilitation program in the first 3 months after ACL reconstruction have similar 2- to 4-year outcomes compared with those patients who participate in a more clinically supervised program.
Efficacy and Safety of Pegylated Interferon in Children and adolescents Infected with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Doa’a Hamed , Sabry Nirmeen Ahmed , El-Sayed Manal Hamdy , El-Gazayerly Omima Naiem
Published: April 2010

This study researches the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon alpha-2a (pegIFNα-2a) in Egyptian children and adolescents diagnosed with hepatitis C virus. Thirty patients were enrolled to receive pegIFN once a week with ribavirin twice daily for 12 weeks; viral load and experienced adverse effects were then assessed. Of the 30 patients, 16 (53.33%) were cleared from the virus, showing early virologic response (EVR). Three patients (10%) showed a 2-log reduction by week 12, with an overall early response rate of 63.33%. Three patients who showed EVR after 4 weeks relapsed by week 12. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalized at week 12. Adverse events included fever, myalgia, headache, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, anemia, and leucopenia; 63.33% of the patients showed significant reduction in their body weight. Although the patients showed a reduction in average body mass index, this reduction was not significant. Hemoglobin values decreased within the first 2 weeks and then stabilized but not back to baseline. A significant reduction in the level of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was observed by the 4th week and started to improve by the 12th week. Of the recruited patients, 29.4% were subjected to IFN dose reduction. None of the patients with neutropenia developed serious infection or sepsis. The authors concluded that pegIFN plus ribavirin therapy is promising when tested on Egyptian children.
Measuring Migratory Grief and Loss Associated With the Experience of Immigration
Authors: Casado Banghwa Lee , Hong Michin , Harrington Donna
Published: April 2010

Objectives: The Migratory Grief and Loss Questionnaire (MGLQ) was designed to measure the grief experience associated with immigration. This article reports the development and psychometric properties of a Chinese-version of MGLQ. Methods: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using maximum likelihood extraction with varimax rotation was conducted to identify the factor structure of the MGLQ. Results: A two-factor solution was identified with Factor 1 representing ‘‘Attachment to Homeland’’ and Factor 2 representing ‘‘Identify Discontinuity.’’ Both factors had excellent internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity as demonstrated by predicted relationships with depression scores. Conclusions: This study supported the validity and the reliability of the MGLQ, demonstrating its utility in assessing the migratory grief experience among immigrants.
Culturally Based Intervention Development: The Case of Latino Families Dealing With Schizophrenia
Authors: Barrio Concepcion , Yamada Ann-Marie
Published: April 2010

Objectives: This article describes the process of developing a culturally based family intervention for Spanish-speaking Latino families with a relative diagnosed with schizophrenia. Method: Our iterative intervention development process was guided by a cultural exchange framework and based on findings from an ethnographic study. We piloted this multifamily group 16-session intervention with 59 Latino families in a randomized control trial. Data were collected on family- and client-level outcomes, and poststudy focus groups were conducted with intervention participants. Results: Preliminary evidence indicates that the intervention is effective by increasing illness knowledge and reducing family burden. Conclusions: This work can provide a model for how to integrate cultural factors into psychosocial services and enhance interventions in real-world settings for culturally diverse populations.
The Mothering of Women Abused by Their Partner: An Outcome Evaluation of a Group Intervention
Authors: Peled Einat , Davidson-Arad Bilha , Perel Guy
Published: April 2010

Findings of an outcome evaluation of a mothering group intervention with women abused by their partners are presented, based on measurements of intervention and control groups before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention. At Time 1, both groups reported moderate well-being, high parental self-efficacy, and low mothering-related stress. Comparisons within the intervention group revealed an increase in parental self-efficacy and in emotional well-being at Time 2 and a decrease in mothering-related stress between Time 1 and Time 3. Moreover, in comparison with the control group, at Time 2, the parental self-efficacy of women in the intervention group increased, their mothering-related stress decreased, and they reported a greater optimism with regard to their predicted well-being, whereas the control group showed declines in parental self-efficacy and predicted well-being and a greater mothering-related stress. Yet, the improvement on the mothering-related stress was the only one maintained at Time 3.
Assessing the Impact of Response Styles on Cross-Cultural Service Quality Evaluation: A Simplified Approach to Eliminating the Problem
Authors: Reynolds Nina , Smith Anne
Published: April 2010

With the proliferation of comparative research, it is important to recognize some of the inherent limitations of cross-cultural measurement. This article examines the impact of response styles on substantive conclusions of cross-cultural service quality research. The authors use relatively simple analysis methods in conditions where more sophisticated approaches are unlikely to be robust. They demonstrate how analysis of covariance and partial regression can be used to assess both differences in mean scores and differences in relationships. Their results demonstrate that conclusions drawn from analysis that ignores the potential impact of response styles differ from those drawn when response styles are considered. For researchers, their findings imply that attempts to understand and explain cultural differences in service quality expectations, and relationships between perceptions and overall quality assessments, may be impeded by the presence of response styles. A further impact relates to the assessment of “gaps” or a “zone of tolerance” in service quality evaluation. For managers, their conclusions have implications relating to the use of research findings as a basis for market segmentation, service design, staff training, and other resource allocation decisions. In particular, the authors question the use of such research as a basis for comparative service evaluation across cultures.
Record Low Occupancies
Authors: Woodworth R. Mark
Published: April 2010

The Great Recession reversed a long upward streak for the U.S. hotel industry. Rates and occupancy should begin to recover by the end of 2010, as demand growth once again exceeds supply growth. Not all markets have suffered equally in the recession, and not all will recover at the same pace. Some of the weakest markets, such as Orlando and Phoenix, may recover faster than currently strong markets, as group demand picks up. Likewise, as the national economy picks up, Detroit may see recovery only because it has been down so long. The fate of other markets rests on supply additions. New York has seen supply growth, while San Francisco has not. Thus, hotel rates in those two cities will experience different growth patterns.
Review: Interaction of precipitation with recrystallisation and phase transformation in low alloy steels
Authors: Dunne D. P.
Published: April 2010

The processes of precipitation, restoration and phase transformation can interact in complex ways during thermomechanical processing of microalloyed steels to profoundly alter their structures and properties. Precipitation in austenite during hot deformation can strongly modify the kinetics of recovery and recrystallisation, subsequently affecting the nucleation and growth of ferrite during cooling. For steels containing strong carbide/nitride formers, interphase precipitation (IP) can occur in ferrite at the austenite/ferrite interface, conferring significant coherency strengthening. Much of what is known about this phenomenon is attributable to the impressive research efforts of Robert Honeycombe and his colleagues at Cambridge.
Somatic FAS mutations are common in patients with genetically undefined autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: Dowdell Kennichi C. , Niemela Julie E. , Price Susan , Davis Joie , Hornung Ronald L. , Oliveira João Bosco , Puck Jennifer M. , Jaffe Elaine S. , Pittaluga Stefania , Cohen Jeffrey I. , Fleisher Thomas A. , Rao V. Koneti
Published: April 2010

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is characterized by childhood onset of lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, autoimmune cytopenias, elevated numbers of double-negative T (DNT) cells, and increased risk of lymphoma. Most cases of ALPS are associated with germline mutations of the FAS gene (type Ia), whereas some cases have been noted to have a somatic mutation of FAS primarily in their DNT cells. We sought to determine the proportion of patients with somatic FAS mutations among a group of our ALPS patients with no detectable germline mutation and to further characterize them. We found more than one-third (12 of 31) of the patients tested had somatic FAS mutations, primarily involving the intracellular domain of FAS resulting in loss of normal FAS signaling. Similar to ALPS type Ia patients, the somatic ALPS patients had increased DNT cell numbers and elevated levels of serum vitamin B12, interleukin-10, and sFAS-L. These data support testing for somatic FAS mutations in DNT cells from ALPS patients with no detectable germline mutation and a similar clinical and laboratory phenotype to that of ALPS type Ia. These findings also highlight the potential role for somatic mutations in the pathogenesis of nonmalignant and/or autoimmune hematologic conditions in adults and children.
The endocytic recycling regulator EHD1 is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice
Authors: Rainey Mark A , George Manju , Ying GuoGuang , Akakura Reiko , Burgess Daniel J , Siefker Ed , Bargar Tom , Doglio Lynn , Crawford Susan E , Todd Gordon L , Govindarajan Venkatesh , Hess Rex A , Band Vimla , Naramura Mayumi , Band Hamid
Published: April 2010

Background

The C-terminal Eps15 homology domain-containing protein 1 (EHD1) is ubiquitously expressed and regulates the endocytic trafficking and recycling of membrane components and several transmembrane receptors. To elucidate the function of EHD1 in mammalian development, we generated Ehd1
-/- mice using a Cre/loxP system.

Results

Both male and female Ehd1
-/- mice survived at sub-Mendelian ratios. A proportion of Ehd1
-/- mice were viable and showed smaller size at birth, which continued into adulthood. Ehd1
-/- adult males were infertile and displayed decreased testis size, whereas Ehd1
-/- females were fertile. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of developing wildtype mouse testes revealed EHD1 expression in most cells of the seminiferous epithelia. Histopathology revealed abnormal spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules and the absence of mature spermatozoa in the epididymides of Ehd1
-/- males. Seminiferous tubules showed disruption of the normal spermatogenic cycle with abnormal acrosomal development on round spermatids, clumping of acrosomes, misaligned spermatids and the absence of normal elongated spermatids in Ehd1
-/- males. Light and electron microscopy analyses indicated that elongated spermatids were abnormally phagocytosed by Sertoli cells in Ehd1
-/- mice.

Conclusions

Contrary to a previous report, these results demonstrate an important role for EHD1 in pre- and post-natal development with a specific role in spermatogenesis.
Dual retrovirus integration tagging: identification of new signaling molecules Fiz1 and Hipk2 that are involved in the IL-7 signaling pathway in B lymphoblastic lymphomas
Authors: Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Imai Yukiko , Takeuchi Haruya , Hiratsuka Takuya , Maruyama Yasuhiro , Kanaya Kazuya , Kaszynski Richard , Jin Guang , Okuno Tomoko , Ozeki Munetaka , Nakamura Takuro , Takakuwa Tetsuya , Manabe Toshiaki , Tamaki Keiji , Hiai Hiroshi
Published: April 2010

Fiz1 and Hipk2 contribute to lymphomagenesis via activation of IL-7 signaling pathway.

IL-7R, FLT3, and CD43 are surface antigens expressed during the transition from pro-B to pre-B cells in BM. To understand interactions between their signaling pathways, we analyzed spontaneous mouse B-LBLs with dual MLV integration into Stat5a and Fiz1 or Stat5a and Hipk2. MLV integration resulted in up-regulation of these genes in lymphoma cells compared with normal pro-B cells from the BM. In lymphomas with both integrations into Stat5a and Fiz1, increases in phosphorylated STAT5A and expression of c-Myc, a target gene of STAT5A, were observed following stimulation of the FLT3. Clones with the dual integrations grew faster in IL-7 and FLT3L-supplemented medium than clones with Stat5a integration alone. On the other hand, in lymphomas with integrations into Stat5a and Hipk2, increases in phosphorylated STAT5A and expression of c-Myc were observed following cross-linking of CD43. In conclusion, FLT3 and CD43 signaling pathways involve STAT5A via Fiz1 and Hipk2 in B-LBLs. Identification of the dual MLV integration sites in B-LBLs, therefore, will provide an excellent tool for identification of the signaling pathways in B-LBLs.
Structural interpretation using PS seismic on the Kvitebjørn Field in the North Sea
Authors: Ao Chau , Areklett Edel K.
Published: April 2010

Seismic data from an ocean-bottom cable (OBC) survey are based on a different acquisition method than conventional/streamer seismic data. When acquiring the OBC data, the receivers are placed on the sea floor instead of near the sea surface. This allows PS (converted shear) seismic to be recorded in addition to pressure data (PZ). PZ data are equivalent to PP data from streamer seismic. Because the PS data have different information and travel paths from PZ, they should in theory not give exactly the same image as the pressure data. The OBC data set acquired on the Statoil-operated Kvitebjørn Field is a good example of this. In these data, it is obvious that the PS seismic image of the Jurassic target is significantly different from the PZ image. Figure 1 shows the PP, PZ, and PS seismic from the same line going through a proven gas well. The top reservoir is on a trough (green marker) on the PP and PZ seismic. Comparison of the reservoir section with the same interval on the time-aligned PS data reveals a completely different reflection pattern. The question that often arises in a case like this is: can the PS seismic can be trusted? Even if the answer is yes, a big question remains: do they add any valuable information about the field?
Statistical parameter flexibility for processing navigation data
Authors: Vidal David , Moreno Annio
Published: April 2010

If the positioning of streamers during a marine seismic survey has been influenced by strong sea currents, processing navigation data can be difficult and significantly impact data quality. Normal quality control procedures often reject data that fail to meet nominal positioning criteria. This paper discusses a method for reconstructing the positioning data for shots which would otherwise have been discarded.
Psychological effects of combined noise and whole-body vibration: A review and avenues for future research
Authors: Ljungberg J K , Parmentier F B R
Published: April 2010

Vehicle drivers are often exposed to noise, whole-body vibration (WBV), and mental loads, but the knowledge of how combined effects from multiple environmental stressors affect mental load and performance is sparse. Studies have shown that the effect of both vibration and noise combined can differ from those of either vibration or noise alone. For example, negative combined effects have been found on some cognitive tasks and impact on subjective ratings (e.g. annoyance and stress). Some of the studies investigating the combined effects of noise and WBVs suffer from low ecological validity, and few have investigated potential effects on cognitive functions. This sharply contrasts with the plethora of studies investigating the effect of noise on performance. It is argued that a potentially promising way to develop further research on combined effects of noise and WBV may be to adopt experimental methods and tasks that proved useful to understand the effect of sound exposure on performance (e.g. serial recall tasks) or of noise after-effects.
Mechanical durability and electrical durability of an aluminium-laminated lithium-ion polymer battery pack for a hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Lee J-K , Yeo J-S , Jang M-C , Yoon J-M , Kang D M
Published: April 2010

Lithium-ion polymer batteries of aluminium-laminated packaging structure have advantages in terms of thermal characteristics and safety but have a weak configuration with respect to external forces compared with other types of cells such as cylindrical and prismatic cells. Thus it is important to protect the batteries of the aluminium-laminated packaging structure under the severe conditions encountered in vehicle operation where excessive mechanical impacts and vibrations may affect the battery system. In this work, an energy storage system for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has been developed using lithium-ion polymer battery cells with an aluminium-laminated packaging structure and has been tested for structural and electrical durabilities. The test results of combined accelerated vibration and charge discharge cycling are presented to prove that the battery pack has the durability to satisfy vehicle standards. Three different types of test method have been applied to evaluate the mechanical and electrical durabilities. It was observed that the HEV battery pack satisfied the durability standards required for vehicle applications. The results imply that an aluminium-laminated cell packaging structure can be a competitive option for physical configuration of cells for vehicle applications.
Flow characteristics of a pickup truck with regard to the bed geometry variation
Authors: Ha J , Jeong S , Obayashi S
Published: April 2010

The bed is one of the most important parts of a pickup truck for aerodynamic performance. The flow characteristics of a pickup truck were examined in a series of wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations with regard to the bed geometry variation, the bed length, and the bed height. The drag coefficient was changed in accordance with the bed geometry variation so that the bed length and bed height had a significant interaction effect. The main factors that affected the drag coefficient were the bed recirculation flow over the bed and the reverse flow in the wake. The drag coefficient increased when the downwash of the bed flow was not recirculated into the bed but was attached to the upper part of the tailgate. The larger reverse flow in the wake and the enlarged adverse pressure area inside the bed influenced the drag increment when there was no attachment of the bed flow. For a low-drag pickup truck, the bed should be designed such that the bed flow is not attached to the tailgate and the reverse flow in the wake is small.
An experimental investigation into dental wear: Tooth-tooth contact
Authors: Masen M A , van't Spijker A , Kreulen C M
Published: April 2010

This work discusses some experiments with respect to the sliding contact between human teeth. The objective is to study whether in-depth investigations into the dominant wear modes in dental wear can be made using a standard tribotester with samples manufactured from natural teeth. A tribological pair of two test samples was prepared from each single incisor by cutting it into halves and machining one half to be flat and the other to be hemispherically shaped.

Sphere-on-flat reciprocating sliding contact experiments were conducted. The resulting wear track was analysed, and the wear volumes were quantified. The observed variation in wear volumes was larger than what would be expected as inherent to the wear process, which is attributed to biological variations and the resulting variations in mechanical properties of the specimens used. For in-depth studies of the basic mechanisms involved in dental wear, the samples should receive special care and attention, particularly with respect to enamel thickness and prism orientation. The obtained results indicate that two wear regimes are predominant and that their occurrence might be related to the thickness of the enamel layer that covers the teeth.
Dynamic and vibration analysis of a satellite with flexible panels equipped with variable-speed control moment gyros
Authors: Shahriari S , Moghaddam M M , Azadi S
Published: April 2010

The model of a satellite equipped with N single-gimbal variable-speed control moment gyros (VSCMGs) and two symmetric flexible solar panels is introduced, and the equations of motion have been derived using Kane's method. The aim is to develop a dynamic model with sufficiently reliable and accurate information. The number of VSCMGs, their positions, and the direction of gimbals axis are assumed arbitrary. Further, no assumption has been made regarding ignoring mass and inertia of the gimbals. Each solar panel has been assumed to be rigid and attached to the satellite body by a simple hinge equipped with a torsional spring and a damper. Analytical solutions have been derived and implemented in MATLAB software for a pyramid configuration of VSCMGs and have been compared with the results obtained from an ADAMS model to verify the results. Simulation results show good agreement between the analytical approaches and the numerical simulations. The aforementioned hinged rigid panel model is also compared with the Euler—Bernoulli models in the literature. It has been shown that the proposed model with hinged rigid panels provides appropriate results in both two- and three-dimensional motions. In contrast, the Euler—Bernoulli beam model can provide reliable results merely in particular manoeuvres, owing to missing of the gyroscopic effect of the panels in three-dimensional motions.
Practice-based specialists and the Faculty
Authors: Barnett David
Published: April 2010

Historically the Faculty of Dental Surgery is committed to achieving and maintaining the highest standards of clinical dental and oral surgical practice through its fellows, members and trainees. The composition of the Board of the Faculty reflected this role in so far as those elected were and continue to be eminent professors and distinguished consultants. About six years ago the Board elected a fellow from specialist practice outside the hospital and university setting. That might have been viewed as a 'token' specialist appointment but a subtle development has occurred as the Faculty evolves in a time of significant change.
College triennial overseas visit 2010
Authors: Jones David
Published: April 2010

Every three years, usually in the spring, the College undertakes an overseas trip to two centres. These are high-profile events involving senior figures from our College including the President, most members of Council, other surgeons of international reputation and any fellow or member who wants to take part. Over the years we have been graced by the participation of heads of state, leading politicians and eminent surgeons from the host countries. We work with our hosts to arrange ceremonial and scientific programmes second to none. These are major continuing professional development events for the areas and create enormous goodwill between visitors and hosts. The voyagers are self-paying and many are accompanied by spouses.
Alternative Splicing Variant of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 8 as an Independent Predictor of Unfavorable Prognosis in Lung Cancer
Authors: Planque Chris , Choi Yun-Hee , Guyetant Serge , Heuzé-Vourc'h Nathalie , Briollais Laurent , Courty Yves
Published: April 2010

Background: A relatively unexplored area for biomarker identification is alternative splice variants. We undertook this study to evaluate the usefulness of mRNA isoforms encoded by the KLK8 (kallikrein-related peptidase 8) gene as prognostic markers for lung cancer.

Methods: Real-time reverse-transcription PCR was used to analyze the mRNAs encoded by KLK8 (particularly 2 mRNA splice variants, KLK8-T3 and KLK8-T4) in 60 non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors and in paired unaffected tissues. The ratios of these mRNAs to those encoded by the KLK5, KLK6, KLK7, KLK10, KLK11, KLK13, and KLK14 genes were also determined and analyzed for correlations with various clinicopathologic variables.

Results: KLK8-T3 and KLK8-T4 were the most abundant of the 6 mRNA isoforms identified in lung tissues. The overall expression of the KLK8 gene and the amounts of the KLK8-T3 and KLK8-T4 mRNAs were significantly increased in lung tumor tissue (P < 0.0001). Univariate survival analysis revealed significant relationships of the relative concentrations of mRNA splice variants KLK8 (P = 0.043), KLK8-T3 (P = 0.037), and KLK8-T4 (P = 0.009) with overall survival (OS). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that the amount of KLK8-T4 mRNA was an independent prognostic factor for OS (relative risk = 3.90; P = 0.016) and that high KLK8-T4/KLK7, KLK8-T4/KLK10, and KLK8-T4/KLK11 mRNA ratios in NSCLC indicated increased risk of death. The increase was approximately 5-fold for the KLK8-T4/KLK7 and KLK8-T4/KLK10 ratios (P = 0.006, and P = 0.011, respectively) and 8-fold for the KLK8-T4/KLK11 ratio (P = 0.001).

Conclusions: The KLK8-T4 alternative splice variant, alone or in combination, may be a new independent marker of unfavorable prognosis in lung cancer.
Using Limited Purchase Specification Tests to Perform Full Linear Viscoelastic Characterization of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Underwood B. Shane , Far Maryam Sadat Sakhaei , Kim Y. Richard
Published: April 2010

The linear viscoelastic dynamic modulus, |E∗|, has become the primary material property of interest for asphalt concrete mixtures. The shift towards linear viscoelastic characterization of asphalt concrete is due in large part to national efforts to develop new fundamentally based pavement design tools and techniques. Within the pavement community, there is a substantial interest in using predictive models to estimate | E∗| because key structural design decisions are based on its value. Moreover, for many projects, these critical decisions must be made even before the materials are selected. In response to the need for predictive capability, numerous equations have been developed, but most require knowing the asphalt binder shear modulus, |G∗|. This property is currently measured as part of the purchase specification process, but it is not measured at enough temperatures and frequencies to be directly useful with these predictive models. Instead, agencies that want to use the predictive equations must complete additional testing that may require several days to complete and requires the purchase of more sophisticated equipment. It is the purpose of this paper to show ways that the specification data can be processed to provide nearly the same information as a more complete testing suite. This effort is possible because although the specification data are sparse, they still cover the range of conditions that need to be assessed. Additional surrogate models are needed to fully apply the proposed methodology, and the development and verification of these models are presented as well. The ability of the limited data calibration process to match characterization from more complete testing is demonstrated. Finally, it is shown that observed differences between the complete and limited calibration processes are reduced when applying two |E∗| predictive models.
Determination Method for Nitromethane in Workplace Air
Authors: Takeuchi Akito , Nishimura Yasuki , Kaifuku Yuichiro , Imanaka Tsutoshi , Natsumeda Shuichiro , Ota Hirokazu , Yamada Shu , Kurotani Ichiro , Sumino Kimiaki , Kanno Seiichiro
Published: April 2010

Determination Method for Nitromethane in Workplace Air: Akito Takeuchi, et al. Osaka Occupational Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association

Objectives

The purpose of this research was to develop a determination method for nitromethane (NM) in workplace air for risk assessment.

Methods

A suitable sampler and appropriate desorption condition were selected by a recovery test in which a spiked sampler was used. The characteristics of the proposed method, such as recovery, detection limit, and reproducibility, and the storage stability of the sample were examined.

Results

A sampling tube containing bead‐shaped activated carbon was chosen as the sampler. NM in the sampler was desorbed with acetone and analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. The recoveries of NM from the spiked sampler were 81–97% and 80–98% for personal exposure monitoring and working environment measurement, respectively. On the first day of storage in a refrigerator, the recovery from the spiked samplers exceeded 90%; however, it decreased dramatically with increasing storage time. In particular, the decrease was more remarkable for the smaller spiked amounts. The overall LOQ was 2 µg/sample. The relative standard deviation, which represents the overall reproducibility, was 1.1–4.0%.

Conclusions

The proposed method enables 4‐hour personal exposure monitoring of NM at concentrations equaling 0.001–2 times the threshold limit value‐time‐weighted average (TLV‐TWA: 20 ppm) proposed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, as well as 10‐minute working environment measurement at concentrations equaling 0.02–2 times TLV‐TWA. Thus, the proposed method will be useful for estimating worker exposure to NM.
Root Coverage in an HIV‐Positive Individual: Combined Use of a Lateral Sliding Flap and Resin‐Modified Glass Ionomer for the Management of an Isolated Severe Recession Defect
Authors: Kolhatkar Shilpa , Haque Shaziya A. , Winkler James R. , Bhola Monish
Published: April 2010

Background:Gingival recession is a frequent clinical finding in the general population. Exposed root surfaces are more likely to develop root sensitivity and root caries and pose esthetic concerns for the patient. Most root coverage procedures have been described on non‐restored root surfaces. Limited data are available that describe root coverage procedures on restored root surfaces. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in which a severe recession defect and its associated carious lesion were managed using the combination of a lateral sliding flap and a resin‐modified glass ionomer restoration in an HIV‐positive individual.

Methods:A 53‐year‐old male patient with a 25‐year history of HIV infection presented for comprehensive care. The facial surface of tooth #22 had a fractured composite restoration, recurrent decay, and a Miller Class III recession defect. The lesion was restored with resin‐modified glass ionomer and root coverage was obtained by a lateral sliding flap mobilized from the adjacent edentulous ridge. After 8 weeks, surgical access was used to correct a previously undetected void in the restoration.

Results:Uneventful healing was observed at the 1‐, 4‐, 8‐, 10‐, 12‐, and 24‐week postoperative visits. Root coverage of 5 mm along with a 2‐mm band of keratinized tissue was obtained at 24 weeks. The gingiva displayed no signs of inflammation and was tightly adapted to the root surface with minimal probing depths circumferentially.

Conclusion:Successful root coverage was obtained on a resin‐modified glass ionomer‐restored surface in an HIV‐positive individual.
Spectrum of Childhood Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated T-Cell Proliferations and Bone Marrow Findings
Authors: Sevilla Deborah W. , El-Mallawany Nader Kim , Emmons Foxwell N. , Alexander Suzy , Bhagat Govind , Alobeid Bachir
Published: April 2010

Systemic Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+) T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of childhood is a recently described entity. The majority of such cases have been reported from Asia, which suggests an underlying genetic predisposition. We analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics of 5 children with EBV+ T-cell lymphoid proliferations evaluated and treated at our institute over a 2-year period. There were 3 males and 2 females of Latino ( n = 4) or Caucasian ( n = 1) heritage with a median age of 5 years (age range 2–18 years). All patients presented with EBV infection (acute, n = 4) with elevated serum EBV viral loads at the time of diagnosis and had systemic manifestations, including fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. The bone marrow biopsies showed EBV+/CD8+ T-cell lymphocytosis in all patients, with variable degrees of histiocytosis, plasmacytosis, and hemophagocytosis. Interestingly, there was marked and consistent depletion of mature and precursor B cells in the marrow (<1% of total marrow cellularity) in all patients. Three of the patients died of disease-associated complications 2 to 12 weeks after initial diagnosis. Our study describes the detailed bone marrow findings, contributes to the growing number of cases of systemic EBV+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of childhood occurring in the Western hemisphere, and documents this disorder in patients from the Caribbean countries.
Intrauterine tobacco exposure may alter auditory brainstem responses in newborns
Authors: PECK JENNIFER DAVID , NEAS BARBARA , ROBLEDO CANDACE , SAFFER EVA , BEEBE LAURA , WILD ROBERT A
Published: April 2010

This study of tobacco exposure and auditory processes was conducted in a predominantly low‐income population of 40 pregnant women and their newborns. Urinary cotinine concentrations and self‐reported smoking status were obtained from the mother during the first prenatal care visit. Auditory brainstem‐evoked responses (ABRs) were recorded in neonates to assess neuroelectrical activity of the auditory nerve following a sound stimulus. Infants of mothers with the highest cotinine concentrations (> 1,000 ng/ml) responded at a rate that was four times greater (hazard ratio 4.1, 95% confidence interval 1.4–11.5) than infants of non‐smoking mothers (cotinine ≤ 15 ng/ml). Associations with more moderate cotinine concentrations (> 15–1,000 ng/ml) were not observed. Enhanced ABRs may disrupt auditory processes related to speech perception, negatively affecting reading and language development during childhood. The results suggest that tobacco exposure during pregnancy may impair auditory function.
Developing a smoke free household initiative: an Indonesian case study
Authors: NICHTER MIMI , NICHTER MARK , PADMAWATI RETNA SIWI , NG NAWI
Published: April 2010

Little research has focused on women's exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in LMICs, local perceptions of SHS risk to women and children, and women's attempts to limit exposure to tobacco smoke in their households. This paper describes a community based survey in Indonesia that investigated these issues as one step in a movement to initiate community wide household smoking bans. The survey found high levels of exposure to SHS, high levels of awareness among both women and men that SHS placed women and children at risk for illness, a very low percentage of households having indoor smoking rules, great interest on the part of women to participate in a communitywide ban, and a promising level of male smoker agreement to comply with such a ban. Women expressed a low sense of self efficacy in individually getting their husbands to quit smoking in their homes, but a strong sense of collective efficacy that husbands might agree to a well‐publicized and agreed‐upon community household smoking ban. Men and women expressed concern about the social risk of asking guests not to smoke in their homes without a communitywide ban and visible displays communicating their participation in this movement. The smoke free initiative described requires the participation of doctors in community education programs, and is attempting to introduce household smoking bans as a way of turning tobacco control into a family health and not just a smokers' health issue.
The effect of nicotine on the production of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 and soluble endoglin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and trophoblasts
Authors: KWON JA‐YOUNG , BAI SANG‐WOOK , KWON YOUNG‐GUEN , KIM SE‐HOON , KIM CHUL HOON , KANG MOUNG HWA , LINTON JOHN A. , PARK YONG‐WON
Published: April 2010

Objectives. To evaluate the effect of nicotine on the production of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and trophoblast cells, and to assess the involvement of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) in this process. Methods. Commercially available full‐term placental trophoblasts and HUVECs derived from the umbilical cord of a normal pregnancy were used. The expression of α7 nAChR was assessed by immunostaining, RT‐PCR, and western blotting. The expression of sFlt‐1 and sEng protein in the cell media after 6 and 24 hours of treatment with nicotine was evaluated using a commercially available ELISA. To determine the involvement of α7 nAChR in the nicotinic effect, cells were treated with the α7 nAChR antagonist α‐bungarotoxin (α‐BGT) prior to the nicotine exposure. Levels of significance were determined using the Student's t‐test and one‐way ANOVA, and a p‐value < 0.05 was considered significant. Main outcome measures. The levels of sFlt‐1 and sEng protein were evaluated before and after the nicotine treatment with or without α‐BGT pre‐treatment. Results. In trophoblast cells, a significant reduction of sFlt‐1 and sEng protein was observed after 24 hours of nicotine treatment as compared to the untreated group (p = 0.002, 0.000). In HUVECs, nicotine only had a suppressive effect on the expression of sEng at 6 hours (p = 0.03); there was no effect on sFlt‐1 expression. However, pre‐treatment with α‐BGT did not reverse the nicotine‐induced suppressive effect on the expression of sFlt‐1 and sEng in trophoblasts and HUVECs. Conclusions. Nicotine reduced the production of sFlt‐1 and sEng in trophoblasts and sEng in HUVECs. This effect was not mediated by α7 nAChR.
Higher risk of stillbirth among lower and middle income women who do not use tobacco, but live with smokers
Authors: SUBRAMONEY SREEVIDYA , TURSAN D'ESPAIGNET EDOUARD , CHANDRA GUPTA PRAKASH
Published: April 2010

Objective.To investigate pregnancy outcomes among women living with smokers.Design.Data were from a cohort study of 1,217 women recruited during 3–7th month of pregnancy and 96% followed‐up after delivery. The main objective was to investigate effects of smokeless tobacco on pregnancy outcomes.Setting.Lower and middle‐class neighborhoods in Mumbai, India. Community health volunteers who had good rapport with the local population collaborated with the study personnel to help locate and interact with potential participants.Population.Singleton births from non‐tobacco users;n= 924/903/802 for stillbirth/gestational age/birthweight analysis. Non‐smoking women who lived with smokers (28%) were categorized as ‘exposed’ to second hand smoke (SHS).Methods.House‐to‐house surveys with questionnaire administration and medical records abstraction by trained personnel at recruitment and follow‐up.Outcome measures.Stillbirth (no evidence of life at birth after at least 20 weeks of gestation), low birthweight (≤ 2,499 g) and preterm birth (≤ 258 days of gestation).Results.Rates of low birthweight and preterm birth were not significantly different between exposed and non‐exposed. Hazard ratio for stillbirth in SHS exposed women (n= 261) was 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.1–4.4). Survival times differed significantly between exposed and non‐exposed,p= 0.012. Exposed and non‐exposed groups differed significantly by education, socioeconomic status, parity and access of antenatal care. After adjustment for these potential confounders in Cox proportional hazards models (gestational age in days as timescale), hazard ratios for stillbirth in the exposed group remained unchanged: 2.1 (1.1–4.3).Conclusions.Pregnant women living with smokers in their household have a significantly higher risk of stillbirth, independent of differences in socio‐demographic characteristics and antenatal care.
A Practical Guide to Setting up a Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Service
Authors: Galletly Cherrie , Fitzgerald Paul , Clarke Patrick , Gill Shane , Burton Cassandra , Turnbull Carol
Published: April 2010

Objective: This paper outlines the process of developing a transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) service in a private hospital setting, to provide a model for similar services elsewhere in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods: The practical issues involved in setting up the service, including funding, staffing, equipment, treatment protocols and associated research, are described.

Results: The service has been widely accepted by psychiatrists and patients. Forty-five patients have completed treatment and the research results show a significant clinical response to rTMS.

Conclusions: Clinicians involved in the service have found both the clinical and research components rewarding. In the longer term, the issue of ongoing funding of rTMS services remains to be resolved.
Evaluation of Arachis Species for Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Authors: Lyerly J. H. , Stalker H. T. , Moyer J. W. , Hoffman K.
Published: April 2010

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an important plant pathogen with a wide host range, including the domesticated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). After initial outbreaks on peanut during the 1980s, the virus has spread to all peanut-producing states in the U.S. TSWV is transmitted by several species of thrips which are difficult to control with insecticides; therefore, control of TSWV most likely will come from selecting resistant genotypes in breeding programs. Although moderate levels of resistance have been discovered in A. hypogaea, complete virus resistance has not been found. Several Arachis species have desirable genes for plant resistances and tolerate many disease and insect pests better than the cultivated species. The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate TSWV disease incidence and severity in accessions of Arachis species, and (b) compare levels of TSWV resistance in diploid species to selected A. hypogaea genotypes. In this study, 46 diploid Arachis spp. accessions were evaluated in the greenhouse by artificial inoculation tests for resistance to TSWV. Nine Arachis accessions were observed with no disease symptoms when TSWV isolate 10 was used as opposed to A. hypogaea lines that ranged from moderately to highly susceptible. Additional testing with more virulent isolates identified A. diogoi accession GKP 10602 and A. correntina accession GKP 9530 as highly resistant to the virus. These two accessions are being used as parents in crossing programs to incorporate TSWV resistance genes into A. hypogaea.
The Effect of in-furrow Applications of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl on Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips in Peanut
Authors: Wells M. L. , Culbreath A. K. , Todd J. W.
Published: April 2010

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (family: Bunyaviridae) is a continuing threat to several crops in the Southeastern U.S. Acibenzolar-S-methyl is a plant immune-response activator which has been shown to suppress TSWV in tobacco. The following treatments were evaluated for TSWV and thrips suppression: untreated, phorate in-furrow, acibenzolar-S-methyl applied in-furrow, acibenzolar-S-methyl in-furrow + foliar, and acibenzolar-S-methyl in-furrow + phorate in-furrow. Although in-furrow applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl alone and in combination with phorate led to numerical reductions of TSWV during each year of the study, differences were significant only during 1997. Foliar applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl did not provide enough disease suppression during 1997 to warrant additional sprays. However, Acibenzolar-S-methyl also may reduce populations of thrips larvae and suppresses feeding damageby thrips up to 30 d after planting. Acibenzolar-S-methyl applied in-furrow was comparable with in-furrow applications of phorate in its effect on TSWV of peanut; however, acibenzolar-S-methyl does not provide enough benefit alone to justify its use in peanut management at this time.