bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canal do Sertão de Alagoas: território destinado para o agronegócio?
Authors: Santos Robson Xavier dos , Correia Paloma Gomes , Almeida Ricardo Santos de
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: A implantação do Canal do Sertão no Estado de Alagoas trouxe uma valorização no território. A obra hídrica beneficiou a região do Alto Sertão alagoano, beneficiando os pequenos agricultores da Região e consequentemente a vinda de grandes empresas para usufruírem do território do Sertão e o uso das águas, pois o Estado através de suas políticas públicas, implantam grandes obras para o desenvolvimento da Região e consequentemente o seu uso para as grandes empresas do Agronegócio através da monocultura irrigada, podendo assim obter um retorno favorável no uso do território. Contudo tem aumentado em grande escala a procura por compra de terrenos que estejam localizados próximo ao canal do Sertão, pessoas que contém um poder aquisitivo maior e que tem mais facilidade em conseguir um empréstimo bancário investem o dinheiro na compra desses terrenos e na sequência desse processo, ocorre a compra de material para plantação. Assim o canal do Sertão vem beneficiando ainda mais os interesses do Estado, pois o mesmo investe no aumento da produtividade para que a mesma feita assim em larga escala venham a trazer lucros imediatos e resultados satisfatórios.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Canal do Sertão, Agronegócio, Valorização.
Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda: Ergasilidae), parasito de Genidens barbus (Lacepède, 1803) provenientes do Canal de Bertioga, São Paulo
Authors: Agostinho Beatriz Narciso , Azevedo Rodney Kozlowiski , Abdallah Vanessa Doro
Published: February 2020

RESUMO Espécies de Ergasilus Nordman, 1832 são copépodos parasitos encontrados em todo o mundo em ambientes aquáticos, e são considerados importantes causadores de doenças em piscicultura. As fêmeas destes crustáceos são encontradas parasitando os peixes, uma vez que os machos possuem vida livre no zooplâncton. Um de seus importantes hospedeiros, Genidens barbus, ocorre na costa Leste do Brasil, em águas costeiras, estuários e no curso inferior de rios, desde o Rio de Janeiro até o Rio da Prata, sendo considerado o bagre marinho mais abundante nas regiões estuarinas do Sudeste/Sul do Brasil. A existência de espécies desconhecidas de parasitos ainda é muito grande, por isso há a necessidade de se conhecer mais à respeito da biodiversidade parasitária existente para servir de auxílio para as espécies que base para novas descrições e até mesmo re-descrições.  Com isso, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de estudar a biodiversidade de ectoparasitos de G. barbus coletados no Canal de Bertioga – SP. Foram coletados sete espécimes deste hospedeiro por um pescador local e levados até o laboratório de Ictioparasitologia na cidade de Bauru, onde foram necropsiados individualmente. No momento da necropsia as brânquias foram analisadas a procura de ectoparasitos. Este órgão foi passado pela peneira com abertura de 75µm e lavado em água corrente e o conteúdo foi analisado em estereomicroscópio à procura de parasitos. Foram encontrados um total de 111 espécimes de copépodas parasitando as brânquias, sendo 40 espécimes pertencentes a espécie Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) e os outros 71 espécimes ainda não foram identificados. A espécie analisada no presente estudo apresentou intensidade média = 13,3 ± 2,44; abundância média = 5,71 ± 0,82 e prevalência = 42,9%. Desse modo, o estudo realizado com a biodiversidade parasitária tem se apresentado como um importante recurso para o conhecimento mais especifico de parasitos de peixes ainda não analisados, como é o caso das diversas espécies encontradas no Canal de Bertioga, um dos importantes estuários brasileiros.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ergasilus, Biodiversidade, Canal de Bertioga.
Memória e identidade quilombola: o caso da comunidade remanescente de quilombo Pau d'Arco
Authors: Araújo Clébio Correia de , Farias Luana da Silva , Pereira Pedro Henrique Soares
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Uma comunidade quilombola é um espaço em construção sujeito ao descentramento e a globalização como todo o espaço contemporâneo. É plausível apontar que a formação de lugares de memórias dentro dessas comunidades tradicionais, apesar de ser uma manifestação vivida no presente, transporta a comunidade a um passado que dá sentido e unidade ao grupo. No tocante a essa temática, aqui serão tratados dados finais do projeto de pesquisa intitulado Cultura, identidade negra e resistência: O caso da comunidade remanescente de quilombo Pau d’Arco, onde a partir da percepção dos sujeitos quilombolas sobre si mesmos e sobre o grupo a que pertencem, as narrativas e os costumes tradicionais, os pesquisadores procuram identificar e compreender como se constituem e funcionam os lugares de memória da comunidade quilombola Vila Pau d’arco, no município de Arapiraca-AL, construindo assim, uma história de como sua história foi construída. Metodologicamente esse é um trabalho de pesquisa do tipo etnográfico associado à história oral, com uma análise qualitativa dos dados levantados. Esse último, será obtido por meio de entrevistas e observação participante, que implicará na imersão dos pesquisadores no universo sócio cultural dos sujeitos pesquisados.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: quilombo; história oral; comunidades tradicionais.
Cartografia tátil: meio de inclusão
Authors: Santos Wanderson Levi Gonçalves dos , Oliveira Moises Calu de
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: A cartografia tátil é um ramo da cartografia que visa à produção de mapas, maquetes, cartas topográficas e outros materiais para pessoas com deficiências visuais, (tanto os cegos quanto os de baixa visão). Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para as discussões sobre o uso da cartografia tátil em sala de aula, contribuir na ampliação do público de aplicação desse método, e em consonância expandir a área de divulgação deste método. A pesquisa de caráter qualitativo foi realizada mediante a revisão de literatura. Destarte, foi-se possível observar como o objeto tátil pode ser crucial para o aprendizado dos alunos tanto os sem quanto os com deficiência, sendo esta visual ou não.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aprendizado, Mapas, Alunos com deficiências visuais.
Lázaro lee el "Lazarillo": Algunas reflexiones atunescas sobre la recepción inmediata del texto
Authors: Calzón García José Antonio
Published: February 2020

El artículo analiza la Segunda Parte del Lazarillo a partir de su relación con la obra original de 1554, considerando el texto como el primer testimonio fidedigno y detallado de la recepción inmediata que tuvo la obra primigenia. En este sentido, se valora la naturaleza subversiva de ambos textos, desde el punto de vista del realismo y la verosimilitud, al tiempo que se estudia cómo el autor de la continuación analizó, reprodujo y/o reformuló diversos elementos estructurales presentes en el Lazarillo original.
Aprendizaje inmersivo y desarrollo de las inteligencias múltiples en Educación Infantil a partir de un entorno interactivo con realidad aumentada/ Immersive learning and multiple intelligences development in early childhood education by means of an interactive environment with augmented reality
Authors: Neira-Piñeiro María del Rosario , Del Moral María Esther , Fombella-Coto Inés
Published: February 2020

La apuesta por una educación inmersiva exige crear escenarios multisensoriales e interactivos, combinando elementos reales con virtuales, que propicien el uso de tecnologías emergentes e inviten a la realización de tareas enriquecedoras. Este estudio pretende determinar la potencialidad de una propuesta didáctica –dirigida a Educación Infantil– para propiciar un aprendizaje inmersivo que impulse las inteligencias múltiples. Se adopta una metodología cualitativa, centrada en el estudio de caso único de tipo holístico con carácter descriptivo. Se analiza tanto el entorno físico creado –inspirado en un álbum y enriquecido con realidad aumentada (RA)–, como el conjunto de actividades integradas en la propuesta. Por un lado, se examina el poder inmersivo y la capacidad interactiva del entorno y sus componentes y, por otro, su capacidad para involucrar a los sujetos en la ejecución de tareas prácticas –inspiradas en el learning by doing–, inferida a partir del nivel de implicación cognitiva requerido y las inteligencias activadas. Los resultados subrayan el carácter inmersivo del entorno, logrado gracias a la estimulación multisensorial y la interacción promovida. Asimismo, el potencial de la propuesta radica en su capacidad para activar todas las inteligencias, estimulando habilidades cognitivas de diferentes niveles, mediante actividades con y sin RA.
La inserción del componente investigativo en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en Ingeniería Agrónoma
Authors: Dieguez Céspedes Yoneisel Bernardo , Fernández Bechara Adela Severina , Rodríguez Torres Ricardo , Rodríguez Palma Maura Isabel
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo analiza el proceso de integración del componente investigativo en el currículo de Ingeniería Agrónoma del Centro Universitario de Banes (Cuba) específicamente en metodología de la investigación. El diseño teórico – documental se fundamenta en el análisis de contenido del currículo de la mencionada oferta académica trabajada en condiciones de semipresencialidad. También se aborda un componente propositivo a través de la concepción de una propuesta centrada en tareas integradoras cuya validación se hace a través de grupos de discusión entre expertos. Como principal resultado destaca que las tareas integradoras como base de la mediación didáctica en metodología de la investigación, permiten contribuir a la problematización y profesionalización de los contenidos de la asignatura en el plan de estudio. Entre las conclusiones se evidencia la necesidad de un tratamiento metodológico interdisciplinar orientado a los objetivos de la carrera, para favorecer el desarrollo de competencias científicas en los estudiantes.
Applying Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Viral Infections and Toxicological Considerations
Authors: Fasili Zohreh , Mehri Freshteh , Ebrahimi Hossein Ali , Jamali Zhaleh , Mohammad Khanlou Elham , Kahrizi Farzad , Salimi Ahmad
Published: February 2020

Background: Despite the tremendous progress in human medicine, viral infections can cause death in them. Due to the high prevalence of viruses, it is required to develop novel treatment strategies and provide the site-specific delivery of antiviral agents at the viral reservoirs.
Objectives: Particle size is a vital physical characteristic that can affect the bioavailability and circulation time of nanoparticles. The ratio of large surface area and volume of nanoparticle could enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drug compounds.
Methods: Therefore, the optimum surface charge of the nanoparticle with the possibility of encapsulation and large drug cargo, are some of the nanoformulation advantages of these agents.
Results: This study reviewed various nanocarriers and modern smart delivery technologies, such as liposomes and immunoliposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and so on.
Conclusion: We aimed to overcome the problems of traditional formulations and resistance to currently available therapies in various infections. Moreover, the concerns about the potential toxicities of nanoparticles to humans have been raised; therefore, the present study has reviewed the toxicity effects of nanoparticles used in controlling viral infections.
Embarazo ectópico en la cicatriz uterina: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Sepúlveda-Agudelo Janer , Cristancho-Solano Mayra , Parra-Meza Carolina
Published: February 2020

Introducción: el embarazo ectópico en la cicatriz uterina se presenta en 1:1.800 a 1:2.216 embarazos y representa 6,1% de los embarazos ectópicos en pacientes con antecedente de cesárea.Objetivo: revisar el manejo y el diagnóstico del embarazo ectópico en la cicatriz uterina a partir del caso de una paciente con esta patología.Presentación del caso: una paciente de 24 años con antecedente de cesárea, asistió a consulta en el Hospital Universitario de Santander con dolor en el hemiabdomen inferior. A partir de estos síntomas, se le realizó ecografía y Doppler interpretados como de alta probabilidad de embarazo ectópico en la cicatriz uterina. Posteriormente, se inició terapia con metotrexato combinado con ácido folínico. Finalmente, se hizo control con evolución favorable de la paciente.Discusión: el embarazo ectópico en la cicatriz uterina es una complicación a largo plazo de la cesárea. Su diagnóstico debe ser considerado en toda mujer con antecedente de cesárea que consulte por hemorragia en la primera mitad del embarazo antes de la décima semana de gestación. En estos casos, el diagnóstico ecográfico inicial puede ser difícil pero se puede llegar a un diagnóstico certero con ecografías repetidas. Por otra parte, el tratamiento puede ser médico o quirúrgico y depende básicamente del tiempo de gestación en que se haga el diagnóstico.
LA EDUCACIÓN SOCIAL Y LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL: DOS ÁMBITOS CONVERGENTES PARA LA ACCIÓN SOCIOEDUCATIVA AMBIENTAL
Authors: ESTEBAN IBÁÑEZ MACARENA
Published: February 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el papel que tiene la educación ambiental como un ámbito de desarrollo, aplicación y trabajo de la educación social desde un punto de vista teórico, a la vez que  analiza aquellos ámbitos en las que pueden converger en algunas ocasiones y encontrarse alejadas en otras. Ambos conceptos, se han venido estudiando como dos aspectos diferentes, con ciertos puntos en común, pero con metodologías y estrategias separadas e inconexas. Nuestro estudio considera que es necesario comenzar por construir un modelo, centrado en lo que hemos querido denominar intervención educativa socioambiental, que aúne ambas intervenciones. Desde esta perspectiva toda intervención ambiental debe tener en cuenta los aspectos educativos y sociales porque las personas, los grupos y las comunidades son los afectados y beneficiarios de las transformaciones en el entorno físico y toda intervención socioeducativa debe contemplar los aspectos ambientales implicados.
Hacia un estado de la cuestión: la historia sociocultural y su alcance en el estudio de la cárcel municipal de Celaya (1863-1961)
Authors: Arroyo Montoya María De los Ángeles , Mosqueda Tapia Eloy , Guzmán Eduardo Fernández
Published: February 2020

El estudio histórico de las instituciones de encierro ha tomado relevancia en los últimos años. La historia sociocultural, como parte de la nueva historia, propone el análisis de nuevos objetos de estudio, entre ellos la cárcel, el delito y la justicia punitiva. El mundo carcelario, envuelto en representaciones e imaginarios sociales, no escapa del análisis actual y el aporte de la historia sociocultural se vuelve imprescindible para su comprensión. En América latina, las tendencias historiográficas se dirigen al estudio de la justicia y las prácticas sociales asociadas. A partir de este giro en el campo de la historia se propone el estudio de las cárceles locales y la explicación de su desarrollo y permanencia ya que las categorías de delito y las formas punitivas responden a un contexto sociocultural. Se estudia la cárcel de Celaya (1863-1961) y su valor historiográfico en la conformación de procesos sociales complejos. El estudio de la cárcel municipal nos conlleva a la comprensión de su representación en el imaginario social. La diversidad de fuentes utilizadas para su análisis promueve la construcción de una historia no escrita. Las categorías de delito y las formas de justicia punitiva explican las prácticas sociales, los valores y la moralidad de la sociedad celayense además de la apertura a un nuevo enfoque de la historia nacional a partir de la historia local.
A megamouth shark (Lamniformes: Megachasmidae) in the Burdigalian of Belgium
Authors: DE SCHUTTER Pieter J. , EVERAERT Stijn
Published: February 2020

The enigmatic megamouth shark is a rare occurrence in both Recent oceans and in the fossil record. A temporary construction site in the city of Antwerp (NW Belgium) gave the opportunity to study the poorly known early Miocene Kiel Sand Member of the Berchem Formation. In this Burdigalian deposit, a previously unknown fossiliferous horizon with Glycymeris and Cyrtodaria was sampled which contained a single Megachasma tooth. This specimen, attributed to Megachasma aff. pelagios by its resemblance with extant M. pelagios, is the first in situ record from un-reworked strata in Belgium. Only around a dozen fossil Megachasma teeth have been reported from Europe. It is concluded that a circumglobal megamouth population existed during the Burdigalian. Some evolutionary remarks are made.
Anxiety Reduction Through Close Communication with Robotic Media in Dementia Patients and Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Yamazaki Ryuji , Kase Hiroko , Nishio Shuichi , Ishiguro Hiroshi ,   Symbiotic Intelligent Systems Research Center, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University J205, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan,   Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University 2-579-17 Mikajima, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-1192, Japan,   Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent research on android robotic media with a focus on its effects on older adults and to present a discussion on the implications of the experimental results. Social isolation of older adults is a leading issue in healthcare. Patients with dementia experience symptoms, such as agitation, which can result in increasing care burden. Android robotic media have been shown to provide a feeling of safety and communication support to older adults. In previous case studies, an increase in prosocial behaviors was observed in participants with dementia; however, the media effects needed to be measured by assessment scales. The current results indicate the effects of robotic media on dementia symptoms, especially the decrease in patients’ anxiety. As demonstrated in another experiment, anxiety reduction can also be expected in healthy older adults; however, certain conditions may be required for both healthy older adults and those with dementia. Key factors for the media effect, namely, dementia type, user’s personality, and personalized dialogue are taken into consideration for the further development of robotic systems. Additionally, we further discuss the significance of long-term data collection, especially from the early life stages because teleoperation or autonomous systems are expected to utilize information that can affect the effect of robotic media.
Effects of Robot’s Awareness and its Subtle Reactions Toward People’s Perceived Feelings in Touch Interaction
Authors: Shiomi Masahiro , Minato Takashi , Ishiguro Hiroshi ,   Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR) 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan,   Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
Published: February 2020

This study addresses the effects of a robot’s awareness and its subtle reactions toward the perceived feelings of people who touch a robot. When another unexpectedly touches us, we subtly and involuntarily react. Because such reactions are involuntary, it is impossible to eliminate them for humans. However, intentionally using them for robots might positively affect their perceived feelings, in particular, when a robot has a human-like appearance that evokes human-like reactions. We investigate the relationship between subtle reactions and the awareness of the existence of a human, i.e., whether a robot’s awareness and its subtle reactions influence people’s impressions of the robot when they touch it. Our experimental results with 20 participants and an android with a female-like appearance showed significant effects between awareness and subtle reactions. When the robot did not show awareness, its subtle reaction increased the perceived human-likeness. Moreover, when the robot did not show subtle reactions, showing awareness beforehand increased the perceived human-likeness.
How Can Robots Make People Feel Intimacy Through Touch?
Authors: Zheng Xiqian , Shiomi Masahiro , Minato Takashi , Ishiguro Hiroshi ,   Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR) 2-2-2 Hikaridai Seika-cho, Sorakugun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan,   Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
Published: February 2020

This study investigates the effects of the touch characteristics that change the intimacy perceived by humans in human-robot touch interaction with an android robot having a human-like feminine appearance. Past studies on human-robot touch interaction focused on understanding which types of human touches are used to express emotions to robots. However, they less focused on how a robot’s touch characteristics can affect humans’ perceived intimacy. In this study, first, we concentrated on two types of touch characteristics (type and place) and their effects on the perceived intimacy of a commonly used emotion in human-robot interaction, namely happiness. The results showed that the touch types are useful for changing the perceived intimacy, although the touched place did not exhibit any significant effects. Based on the results of our first experiment, we investigated the effects of different touch characteristics (length and part). We concluded that the touch part is useful to change the perceived intimacy, although the touch length did not exhibit any significant effects. Finally, the results suggested that a pat (type) by the fingers (part) is a better combination to express intimacy with our robot.
Effect of Robot’s Play-Biting in Non-Verbal Communication
Authors: Nakagawa Kayako , Matsumura Reo , Shiomi Masahiro ,   Karakuri Products Inc. 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-hongokucho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0021, Japan,   Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR) 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
Published: February 2020

This paper focuses on “play-biting” as a touch communication method used by robots. We investigated an appropriate play-biting behavior and its effect on interaction. The touching action has positive effects in human-robot interactions. However, as biting is a defenseless act, it may cause a negative effect as well. Therefore, we first examine biting manner and the appearance of the robot using a virtual play-biting system in Experiment 1. Next, based on the result of experiment, the play-biting system is implemented in a stuffed animal robot. We verified the impressions created by the robot and its effect on mitigating stress in Experiment 2. Consequently, the play-biting communication gave positive and lively impression, and effect of reducing the physiological index of stress, in comparison to only touching the robot.
Selection of Required Controller for Position- and Force-Based Task in Motion Copying System
Authors: Okano Toshiaki , Oboe Roberto , Ohnishi Kouhei , Murakami Toshiyuki ,   Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan,   Department of Management Engineering, University of Padova Stradella S. Nicola, 3, Vicenza 36100, Italy,   Haptics Research Center, Keio University 7-1 Shinkawasaki, Saiwai, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 212-0032, Japan
Published: February 2020

With the remarkable development of related technologies, the number of robots has been gradually increasing and their presence is becoming much more familiar in our daily lives. The motion copying system (MCS) is utilized as the method for conducting some tasks by robots. This system enables tasks to be reproduced when the environmental conditions are not changed. The task reproduction performance is degraded when environmental variations occur, and human-like adaptable motion is expected to be developed in the MCS. This study reveals the dominant element of motion, and the control strategy is varied at each time in each axis by considering the task realization. The flexibility of motion is learned from both the operator and the task implementation. The task reproduction experiments by MCS are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposal.
TasKi: Overhead Work Assistance Device with Passive Gravity Compensation Mechanism
Authors: Yamada Yasuyuki , Arakawa Hirokazu , Watanabe Taro , Fukuyama Shunya , Nishihama Rie , Kikutani Isao , Nakamura Taro ,   Faculty of Engineering and Design, Hosei University 2-33 Ichigayatamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0843, Japan,   Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan,   Nabtesco Corporation JA Kyosai Bldg., 2-7-9 Hirakawacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan
Published: February 2020

During overhead work, workers need to keep raising weights of approximately 2 to 4 kg with the muscular strength of their upper limbs, and the burden of this work is high. Therefore, we developed an assistive device, named TasKi, using a self-weighted compensation mechanism to reduce the burden on upper limbs during overhead work. It can compensate for upper limb weight using the force of a spring in various postures of the upper limbs, without a battery. In this study, to provide effective assistance to many users, we clarified the crucial assistance and parameter adjustment range of settings corresponding to physical differences. First, the assistive force value of TasKi to reduce the work burden of each user was confirmed via a subjective evaluation experiment and myoelectric potential measurements. Next, we conducted a test survey of TasKi users and investigated the relationship between physique and the wearing feeling. According to the survey, 80% of the subjects provided favorable opinions on the assistive method used by TasKi. Finally, we had subjects of various physiques wear the device and investigated the relationship between physique and the wearing feeling with respect to shoulder joint movements. It was observed that the subjects with greater shoulder widths experienced difficulties when moving in the direction of internal-external rotation because of the small size of TasKi. The influence on the ease of motion and perception of size was less in the direction of flexion-extension and adduction-abduction motions.
Motion-Assist Arm with a Passive Joint for an Upper Limb
Authors: Kozuka Hiroaki , Uchijima Daisaku , Tachiya Hiroshi ,   Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan,   Robot Development Strategy Department, Robot Development Division, Nachi-Fujikoshi Corp. Shiodome Sumitomo Bldg., 1-9-2 Higashi-Shinbasi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0021, Japan
Published: February 2020

This study proposes a motion-assist arm that can accurately support the positioning of a human upper limb. The motion-assist arm is a three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) planer under-actuated robotic arm with a 1-DOF passive joint that can be driven by an human. A control method for the robot arm is as follows. First, when the human moves an output point of the arm manually, the passive joint is rotated with the movement of the output point. Then, for accurate positioning of the output point on a target path, the actuated joints are controlled according to the displacement of the passive joint. Based on the above method, the human can adjust the velocity of the output point deliberately while its position is accurately corrected by the actuated joints. To confirm its effectiveness, the authors conducted tests to assist the human’s upper limb movement along straight target paths, a square path, and free curves paths such as italic letters with the proposed robot arm prototype. From the results of the tests, the authors confirmed that the proposed robot arm can accurately position the upper limb of the human on the target paths while the human intentionally moves the upper limb. It is expected that the proposed arm will be used for rehabilitation because it can aid patients to move their arms correctly. In addition, the proposed arm will enable any human to achieve complex work easily.
Tokyo Metropolitan University: Community-centric System Research Center
Authors: Yamaguchi Toru ,   Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan [Received January 24, 2020], Sato-Shimokawara Eri
Published: February 2020

The Community-centric System (CcS) research center was established in 2015 to address social problems such as elderly care, social rehabilitation, and information support in the event of a disaster. This research center combines various perspectives including sensing technology, robotics, information and communication, health and welfare, urban environments, and so on. This paper provides a brief preface on the history and activities of the research center.
DINAMIKA KOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI MASYARAKAT MARJINAL (Studi Pada Komunitas Perempuan Pekerja Seks Yogyakarta)
Authors: RASYID ERWIN
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTProstitution is sexual service for gaining cash. For someone who works in sexual service named as aprostitute or in Bahasa called as Pekerja Seks Komersial (PSK).  Nowaday PSK term constructed bypeople to discriminate the sex labor. Sometimes Perempuan pekerja seks (PPS) obtain the negativestreotype from society, because they know as a moral offender in social culture. The term commercialsex worker or “PSK” in Indonesia is one example of a form of community discrimination born of discourse formed by the mass media to women who work as a sex worker. In Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) there are some areas that are often the place where sex workers peddle. Namely PasarKembang area or better known as sarkem, the Tugu railway station (Ngebong) and in the GiwangansTerminal. In the three areas there are three communities that become a forum for organizing PPS,among others Bunga Seroja community in Sarkem, Arum Dalu Sehat community in Ngebong and SurtiBerdaya community in Giwangan. The three communities are under the umbrella of an organizationcalled Perhimpunan Perempuan Pekerja Seks Yogyakarta (P3SY) in Indonesia. This paper aims toanalyze what kind of development communication system that attempted to be constructed by female sexworkers in Yogyakarta. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Keywords: Dynamics, Organization Communication and Female Sex Worker
Health Risk Behaviors: Smoking, Alcohol, Drugs, and Dating among Youths in Rural Central Java
Authors: Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Musthofa Syamsulhuda Budi , Indraswari Ratih , Kusumawati Aditya
Published: February 2020

Adolescents are more likely to adopt risky health behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol use, and sexual activity. This study examined the links betweensmoking, alcohol use, and risky dating behavior and analyzed how these factors influenced risky dating and other behaviors. It is expected that this studywould be used as a foundation for developing appropriate integrated intervention for multiple risk behaviors among youths. This study was an explanatory research study with a cross-sectional approach. It involved 160 youths aged 15-24 years randomly selected from purposive villages. Participants completedself-administrated questionnaires with an enumerator present. Data were analyzed using univariate, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression. Smoking behavior, leisure activity, and self-efficacy were predictors of risky dating behavior. The self-efficacy variable also influenced multiple risk behaviors. A strong association was found between smoking, risky dating behavior, and alcohol use. One-third of the participants had dated and smoked recently, but only 10% ofthem had experienced high-risk dating activity, including petting and intercourse. Only 5% had experienced alcohol use (in particular, traditional alcohol), andno one admitted being involved with drug abuse.
Sobre la guerra y sobre el amor: apuntes de lectura en torno a Una mujer no hace un verano (1995) de Guillermo Niño de Guzmán
Authors: Carlos Galdo Juan
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo trata sobre Una mujer no hace un verano (1995), el segundo libro de cuentos del escritor peruanoGuillermo Niño de Guzmán. Los comentarios sobre su obra se han centrado sobre todo en torno a su primer libro,Caballos de medianoche (1984), y con frecuencia como parte de una nueva generación de autores que publicansus primeros cuentos durante los años 80, década en la que irrumpe la violencia política en el país. Sin abandonaruna mirada intimista y desencantada, Niño de Guzmán se adentra en nuevos territorios, al mismo tiempo que solidificaun mundo más personal (una poética) y perfecciona una serie de procedimientos narrativos asociados tantocon una tradición clásica como con el posmodernismo.
Rolling Depth-Of-Cut Control Improves Tool-Face Control and Overall ROP During Steerable Motor Applications
Authors: Hawkins Stephen , Brackin Van , Ameri Mohammad Taleb
Published: February 2020

Rolling depth-of-cut control (RDOCC) on fixed cutter drill bits can improve rate of penetration (ROP) and reduce vibrations during steerable motor applications by reducing torque fluctuations caused by sliding friction. Torque fluctuations are reduced by absorbing weight-on-bit (WOB) variations using a rolling bearing element, without generating additional torque that leads to tool-face control issues.

Laboratory testing validated RDOCC efficiency compared to traditional depth-of-cut control limiters (DOCLs) by evaluating frictional force, load, and material resistance to axial and lateral forces. At the field level, potential applications, where tool-face control was identified as a drilling performance limiter, were analyzed and selected for the initial field tests. Baseline performance and target depth of cut (DOC) were determined using foot-based data. Additional drilling parameters, such as WOB, torque, and vibration, were analyzed to measure the RDOCC influence on drilling performance. The vibration data were recorded using an at-bit data collection device (ABDCD) and later compared to data from bits with traditional DOCLs. Modified bit designs that included RDOCC with rolling elements on three blades to engage at the target DOC were run in the selected applications and results compared to historical data, performance, and dull bit condition.

In southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, the curve section of Bakken wells experienced overall ROP improvement and reduced vibrations at the bit, as indicated by improved dull condition and ABDCD data. Five consecutive field record runs were achieved using bits equipped with RDOCC technology. In McKenzie County, North Dakota, USA, direct comparisons between polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits with RDOCC and those with traditional DOCLs show a 39.5% reduction in hours or better to drill the curve section from 10,300 to 11,100 ft measured depth (MD) on the same pad site. The improved tool-face control allowed higher WOB application from a lower inclination through landing the curve, thereby improving ROP throughout the run. In the Wadi Rafash Field, northern Oman, a PDC bit with RDOCC drilled the curve section, improving dogleg severity (DLS) by 45%, ROP by 23% and reducing distance by 30% over the average offset performance in the field.

The novelty of the RDOCC is the ability to absorb WOB fluctuations without creating large torque fluctuations that inhibit tool-face control. By maintaining a consistent tool face, operators and directional drillers can apply more energy to the system, resulting in overall higher ROP.
Foothills Drilling Performance Improvement – A New Transversal Approach
Authors: Rojas-Mendizabal Carlos Augusto , Menand Stephane , Farrag Mahmoud , Villegas Cesar , Vennier Leandro , Leclerc Pierre
Published: February 2020

Total E&P initiated a drilling campaign in 2018 near the foothills of Bolivia where wells can be extremely challenging and lengthy to drill. These wells mandate exhaustive planning due to the geological complexity and abrasive environment prone to severe wellbore instability. Through a unique and collaborative approach of competitive service companies, engineering resources were combined and leveraged to identify and mitigate risks of wellbore instability, losses and drilling dysfunctions. Combining service companies’ resources and knowledge allowed to set up a new transversal approach to challenge old paradigms and implement new drilling tools (directional drilling and bits) adapted to this environment.

The present paper reflects the approach taken to solve these technical challenges: Adaptation of new drilling technologies based on local experience with downhole tools. New fluids strategy based on operator’s knowledge/experience with transversal geology and geomechanics interactions. Rate of Penetration (ROP) improvement roadmap based on data analysis and engineering implemented through the processing of offset wells drilling data, real-time monitoring of Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) and drilling dysfunctions avoidance. Team spirit-based approach where all actors of the execution embarked on board.

As a result, the first well was finished ahead of the projected authority for expenditure (AFE) (87 days) without technical or geological sidetracks (which are common in the Bolivian foothills due to the geological complexity). Overall ROP was improved in most sections of the well and considerably less bottom hole assemblies (BHA) trips were required to complete the well. Wellbore quality improved in comparison with offset wells with less overgauge (OVG) and tortuosity. Customization of downhole tools for specific hard-abrasive-intercalated formations in foothills along with optimum drilling parameters were critical to achieve this success and is discussed in this paper.

Thanks to this new transversal approach and unique collaboration among all the competitive service companies, an overall reduction of drilling dysfunctions was achieved. Optimization efforts were successfully implemented by following a roadmap which focused on mitigating dysfunctions based on MSE and lithology. All this was possible through the creation of spaces and opportunities for open dialogue with contractors and service companies (training, meetings, workshops, debates) and information exchange with proper documentation, action planning, follow up and debriefings, valuing ideas, embarking everyone and encouraging to avoid silo thinking by taking care of good integration and interfaces.
A Practical Methodology to Assess Casing Integrity and Service Life with Salt Collapse Loads in Unconventional Developments
Authors: Coker Oliver , Kalil Issa , McSpadden Albert , Glover Simon
Published: February 2020

Damage from salt stress is always an unwelcome occurrence in oil and gas wells; particularly in unconventional wells where productive longevity and slim cost to benefit margins are at risk. Many studies have been conducted that offer fixes in the form of pat algorithms or universal design modifications. The authors believe that each field or well offers unique challenges. This paper will outline successful methods for estimating salt creep rate, estimates of damage from salt for a casing scheme and field conditions. These are used to determine the economic-driven optimum well designs and production practices for addressing salt damage in both new wells and those already damaged. Further studies may allow these methods to be used in many other fields and wells.

It is important to ascertain the local load paradigm for a specific field-development. To this end the specific pipe manufacturing data was reviewed for as-built conditions. Also, the regional salt movement environment and salt creep rate were determined through review of field data from existing wells with issues. Standard casing design analysis was applied to determine the non-salt loading, temperature and pressure environments, and to eliminate non-salt loading as sole cause of damage. A first pass survey made of the well population was conducted with several applied stress analytical methods such as Hackney for combined salt and non-salt loads up to yield. A second pass on critical wells was performed with a finite element analysis (FEA) matched against published studies.

Most analytical stress models developed for salt loading are based on limited or incomplete data. Nor do they account for non-salt loading or pipe manufacture defects. These limitations are complicated by large variations on what constitutes ‘failure’ in the oil and gas industry. The best analytical solutions stop short of providing a complete stress picture due to inability to predict behavior beyond the yield point. Thus, it is necessary to apply FEA models with calibration by lab data. Published FEA on salt collapse is reported for specific weight and grades of pipe. These results were matched and then it is shown how to replicate this analysis and related trends with new pipe and grade selections. No solutions were found that were universal with the most successful solutions being based on a limited geographic area.

Field wide studies in areas with multiple salt zones were completed to provide a forecast time-to-failure for existing wells in a development population. Based on this study, recommended modifications to existing wells were made to extend life and optimize economics. Finally, a recommended optimum design can be proposed for new wells as well as recommended monitoring and action plans.
Investigation of Geometry and Loading Effects on PDC Cutter Structural Integrity in Hard Rocks
Authors: Rahmani Reza , Pastusek Paul , Yun Geng , Roberts Tom
Published: February 2020

Robustness of round and v-shaped polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters against mechanical and thermal load was evaluated. Forensic analysis was used to estimate the range of loads and depths-of-cut (DOC) that cause structural overload of PDC cutters. Finite element analyses (FEA) were calibrated against this data and used to estimate the integrity of cutters. Thermal-abrasive wear was tested with single cutter tests on Sierra White granite with and without cooling for multiple material grades. The axial and tangential impact resistance were evaluated with drop and front face impact tests. In addition, full-scale lab drilling tests were conducted in granite (UCS=28,000 psi) and quartzite (UCS=56,000 psi). Finally, failures for round and v-shaped cutters were evaluated in field trials.

The v-shaped cutters scored similar to baseline cutters in thermal-abrasive tests, but lower in axial impact tests. They also failed at 13-18% lesser tangential load. By accounting for 16% reduction in contact area between the shaped cutter and load anvil, it was concluded that both cutter geometries fail essentially at the same stress. In all full-scale tests, round cutters failed before the shaped cutters. This was in contrast with drop tests and is attributed to the shaped cutter's cutting efficiency, resulting in lesser load on the cutters for the same ROP. The results were then compared with field runs in hard and interbedded application in Oklahoma and West Texas. The conclusion based on FEA, lab, and field data was that in a majority of the cases, this shaped cutter shows the same or better dull as its base grade.
Results from the Introduction of a Well Construction System
Authors: Rowatt John David , Jourde Alexandre , Pemmasani Vinay Krishna , Barbosa Beatriz , Yepez Juan-Carlos , Thow Paul
Published: February 2020

Historically the industry has siloed each part of the drilling process—workflow, hardware, and crew—limiting the impact of innovative technologies introduction. This paper describes the results from the introduction of a new drilling system, built from the ground up to achieve a step change in efficiency and consistency. It uses a holistic and disruptive approach, based on a full-system analysis of the drilling process. The systemic approach allows to fully harvest the value brought by software and hardware platforms and downhole technologies through a new organizational structure and processes.

The approach first focused on the Permian basin, analyzing over 4,000 steps to drill a typical well, cutting across all technical and operational disciplines and mapping them into more than 200 multi-disciplinary workflows. While connecting these workflows, opportunities were found to change activities, remove unnecessary steps and resources, and align job scopes to the tasks instead of using the usual service providers perspective.

The system was tailored to meet the specific demands of the operating market. The digital platform seamlessly orchestrates new workflows, shares and links data across multiple domains and technologies, drives intelligent automation and combines surface and subsurface data for insight analysis. The hardware platform integrates the surface systems (MPD, casing running, cementing), the downhole tools and the digital platform. The workflow-driven organization accounts for the new system capabilities. It includes an integrated crew, centralized process management, remotely executed operations and technical support. This system has drilled several wells and has successfully tested all these components.
Improved Channeling and Gas Migration Issues Using Foam Cement: Case History, Montney Formation
Authors: Ahmady Afshin , Turton Simon , Lewis Sam , Grant Mark , Murphy Brian
Published: February 2020

Wells in the Montney Formation area, British Columbia, Canada, were designed as monobores and include surface and long lateral production casings. The decision to modify the openhole (OH) completion to a cemented sleeve system presented some concerns. A comprehensive data set from all prior cement operations was compiled and analyzed. This data showed severe gas migration to surface for both an OH completion and cemented lateral well.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a finite-element simulator were used to evaluate both conventional and foam cement options using actual centralization and caliper log data. The results from this analysis identified a gas-flow potential factor (GFP) was of an order of magnitude where only compressible, foam cement would provide the required properties to achieve competent, long term zonal isolation.

The characteristics of foam cement include a high kinetic energy that assists removing immobile mud trapped on the low side of the casing. Additionally, in this case, using a foamed spacer further improved mud removal from the annulus, resulting in improved displacement efficiency, as observed in the final cement evaluation logs. Filtrate loss and reduced hydrate volume can allow gas migration, giving rise to surface casing vent flow (SCVF) while the cement is curing. Foamed cement helps create a highly compressible cement system that can compensate for these volume decreases and reduce the potential for SCVF. The ductile properties of the set foam cement help mitigate the likelihood of cement debonding and cracks forming during hydraulic fracturing operations, which also helps to reduce the potential for SCVF.