bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntagmatic Dimension of Ukrainian and English Verbs: the Typology of Exponents of Correlation
Authors: N. L. Ivanytska N. B. Ivanytska ,
Published: September 2018

The paper focuses on the syntagmatic dimension of the Ukrainian and English verbs. The syntagmatics of the verbs is analysed from the cross-linguistic perspective. The approach to the bilateral contrastive study of the verbs is based on the essential notions of contemporary contrastive linguistics. The key factors determining the combinability of the word are analysed. The work contains a brief overview of the theories that differentiate syntactic, semantic and lexical syntagmatics. The factors proved that syntagmatic relations are of syncretic nature, especially within verbal classes. It is necessary to combine semantic and grammatical aspects of combinability. The work focuses on the concept of valency which is believed to be relevance for cross-linguistic analysis of syntagmatic parameters of the verbal systems. It was found out that the combinability potency of the verb determines the specificity and regularity of the syntagmatic relationships that arise in the process of functioning of the verbal systems of both the Ukrainian and English languages. The authors present typology of the formal exponents of correlation that seems promising for revealing isomorphic and allomorphic characteristics of the contrasted verbs. The exponent of correlation is believed to be an effective tool for building syntagmatic paradigm of the verbs from the contrastive perspective. The typology of the exponent of syntagmatic correlation contains non-verbalized (zero) and verbalized (non-predicative / predicative / semi-predictive, synthetic / analytic, simple / complicated, one-position / multi-positional) units that form the corresponding paradigmatic series in the comparable languages.
Penerapan PBL Berbasis Lesson Study untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Pembelajaran Histologi otot bagi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi
Authors: Ekayanti Ni Wayan
Published: September 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar histologi jaringan otot melalui penerapan PBL berbasis Lesson Study pada mahasiswa pendidikan Biologi FKIP Unmas Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus, yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PBL berbasiskan Lesson Study. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Unmas Denpasar dari bulan November sampai dengan Desember 2017 dengan subjek 21 orang mahasiswa mahasiswa semester III Tahun Akademik 2017/2018. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan LKM. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil belajar histologi meningkat dari siklus 1 ke siklus 3, dan semua kelompok belajar termasuk katagori baik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan PBL berbasis Lesson Study mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar histologi.
Pengembangan Media Presentasi Interaktif Semi Laboratorium Virtual pada Pokok Bahasan Listrik Dinamis
Authors: Saz Jushadi Arman , Alibas Fadhila , Yani Ahmad , Nurhayati
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang secara umum bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengembangkan bahan ajar Fisika/bahan bacaan siswa pada pokok bahasan listrik dinamis untuk SMA kelas X semester 2 dan (2) Mengembangkan produk perangkat pembelajaran Fisika berbasiskomputer berupa media presentasi interaktif semi laboratorium virtual untuk pembelajaran di kelas. Model pengembangan media yang digunakan adalah model R2D2, terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu: (1) penetapan (define), (2) perancangan (design), pengembangan (develop) dan (3) diseminasi terbatas (disseminate). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dijurusan Fisika, FMIPA Universitas Negeri Makassar mahasiswa S1. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis statistik deskriptif.Statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis kesahihan media presentasi interaktif Semi Laboratorium Virtual pada pokok bahasan listrik dinamis. Media presentasi interaktif divalidasi oleh seorang pakar media pembelajaran dan dilakukan penilaian oleh praktisi yakni mahasiswa program pascasarjana (S2) yang berprofesi sebagai guru sebanyak 13 orang dan uji coba terbatas dilakukan pada mahasiswa jurusan fisika (S1) sebanyak 6 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media presentasi interaktif Semi Laboratorium Virtual meliputi penilaian validator (ahli dan praktisi) memberikan penilaian rata-rata 89,2 % untuk kulitas perangkat lunak dan 87,5 % untuk daya tarik, dan penilaian Untuk hasil penilaian oleh praktisi diperoleh rata-rata persentase untuk kepraktisan dan sistematika media presentasi interaktif adalah 88 % atau tergolong dalam kategori baik. Pada saat uji coba terbatas juga secara rata-rata diperoleh penilaian 82 % semua berada pada kategori baik. Hasil penilaian tersebut lebih tinggi dari standar penerimaan yang telah ditentukan yaitu 75,0%, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perangkat lunak presentasi yang merupakan media pembelajaran yang diperuntukkan untuk Guru sebagai media presentasi interaktif Semi Laboratorium Virtual dalam melakukan pembelajaran di kelas, memenuhi kesahihan atau valid untuk digunakan sebagai media dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran.
Pengaruh Gaya Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Kelas X TKJ SMK Negeri Limboro
Authors: Halman Munawarah , Alibas Fadhila
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mendeskripsikan gaya belajar siswa dan pengaruhnya terhadap hasil belajar fisika.. Dalam pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan angket gaya belajar untuk mengetahui karakteristik gaya belajar setiap siswa dan mendokumentasikannya serta melaksanakan tes hasil belajar untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa secara umum gaya belajar yang dimiliki siswa adalah kombinasi dari tiga gaya belajar, yaitu: visual, auditori, dan kinestetik yang dimana setiap siswa mempunyai gaya belajar yang dominan dan pada keadaan tertentu terdapat siswa yang dapat menggunakan kombinasi dua gaya belajar. Dengan mengetahui gaya belajar yang dimiliki siswa, peneliti berharap guru bisa menyesuaikan model ataupun metode yang digunakan dalam mengajar dengan gaya belajar yang dimiliki siswa khususnya pada mata pelajaran fisika, sehingga proses dan hasil pembelajaran diperoleh menjadi maksimal.Kata kunci :, Gaya Belajar Visual, Auditori, Kinestetis, hasil belajar.
Identifikasi Kemampuan Menginterpretasikan Grafik Hukum Newton Kelas X SMAN 1 Tinambung
Authors: Humairah Nur Aisyah , Alibas Fadhila , Harianti Harianti
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat kemampuan peserta didik menginterpretasikan data dalam bentuk grafik pada materi Hukum Newton kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Tinambung, populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Tinambung tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 229 orang. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 136 diambil dari populasi. Metode pengambilan data dengan pemberian teks berupa soal essay. Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa kemampuan peserta didik menginterpretasikan data dalam bentuk grafik pada materi hukum newton menunjukkan sebanyak 72,06% tidak mampu, 22,06% cukup mampu dan 5,88% sangat tidak mampu, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kamampuan peserta didik masih berada pada kategori tidak mampu.Kata kunci:, Interpetasi Data, GrafikIdentifikasi Kemampuan Menginterpretasikan Grafik Hukum Newton Kelas X SMAN 1 Tinambung
How Banyumas people “describe" G30S/PKI in the novel Ronggeng Dhukuh Paruk
Authors: Khristianto Khristianto , Nirmawalati Widya
Published: September 2018

The novel RDP came out in 1982, when the new order regime was still firmly established. One of the important criticisms in the work was the "incorrect" handling of communism by the government at that time following the eruption of the G30S/PKI history. The author of the novel tries to bring a different view of the issue. This paper tries to present how the original Banyumas personified the political turmoil-how the laypeople interpreted the events that had consumed them as victims, or the sacrificed. Based on the recurrent reading of the Indonesian-language RDP novel and Javanese language Banyumasan, the authors firmly state that the people of Dukuh Paruk are merely victims of the outside world. People of the hamlet have no idea what they are doing, other than that they want to perpetuate the tradition they are proud of, ronggeng. Nor do they blame or think that there are people outside of those who have committed crimes against them. The disaster that befall them is none other due to their mistakes do not run the rituals that must be done before performances ronggeng. Their elders also realized that the pageblug had been signaled by the appearance of the latitude of the cubes (comets), and they had ignored the cue. Thus, pageblug should be accepted. Against the innocence of clean thought, the author asserts that something is wrong with them, systematically practiced by the regime at that time. He agreed that the coup was false; but the way in which the state deals with such problems is also unjustifiable. The state has clearly punished many Indonesians without trial, and killed thousands of innocent people.
Study of the name structure of Ngara Waje Sabu tribal society
Authors: Basoeki Olivia de Haviland , Puspandari Lusia Eni
Published: September 2018

This paper specifically examines the study of  Ngara Waje structure in Sabu culture, with coverage (1) the lingual structure of the self-name; (2) The meaning of the name of Ngara Waje according to the perception of the Sabu people. The results of the analysis obtained the format of honorific name Ma / Na + ngara Waje + ngara Hawu. The emphasis in the Waje wajang name structure kajan in the name of the Sabu is not distinguished by sex but is characterized by Ama (Ma's abbreviation) for men and Ina (Na) for women. The lingual arrangement of names in Sabu culture has special characteristics ie the name of the Sabu always terminated vowels (a, i, u, e, o). The name of the Sabu person does not end in dead or consonant at the end of the word, such as Hae, Djara, Lodo, Nguru ,. Second, there are no different double consonant together, but the consonant immobilization must be the same, for example: Wannyi, Banni, Lappa. The third characteristic, does not recognize the characters c, f, q, s, v, x, and z because the people of Sabu do not recognize these characters so they cannot pronounce the capital letters. Example: they are difficult to articulate a word that has a phoneme / s / like the word Savu pronounced into Hawu; the school is pronounced school; Frans is pronounced Para, Simon is pronounced Himo. Waje ngara name in Sabu culture, has certain characteristics of meaning, namely the meaning of hope, the meaning of memories and the meaning of flattery. In addition, Waje's meaning is also associated with certain aspects such as objects around (humans, animals, plants, other objects), cosmic objects (sun, moon, stars) and natural elements (fire, water, earth, mountains).
A 48 year old postmenopausal woman with dull aching lower abdominal pain and heaviness in the abdomen
Authors: Khatun Sayada Fatema , Nazneen Towhida , Khatun Sabera
Published: September 2018

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
A 48 year old postmenopausal lady, para-6 (alive) came to the outpatient department as a diagnosed case of ovarian tumor with history of incomplete surgery. The patient was reasonably well two years back, then she developed dull aching lower abdominal pain and heaviness in abdomen. For that reason, she went to a local doctor and diagnosed as a case of ovarian tumor by ultrasonography. She had laparotomy on 22 May 2016 at Mymensingh private clinic but the tumor was not removed completely due to extensive adhesion. Few tissues were taken and sent for histopathology and found fibroma of ovary.
Histopathological analysis of the coronary atheroma extracted during coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Ranjan Redoy , Adhikary Dipannita , Acharya Mayank , Chakravarty Saumitra , Saha Sanjoy Kumar , Adhikary Asit Baran
Published: September 2018

This study aims to evaluate the histopathological analysis as well as the effect of coronary endarterectomy with severe calcified coronary artery disease. During the year of 2015 to 2017, a total of 135 patients (56 patients of stable angina and 79 patients of unstable angina) underwent atherectomy in adjunct to off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Histopathological study of atheroma specimen demonstrates the presence of calcification, foam cell, cholesterol clefts, thrombus, smooth muscle cell, and also necrotic tissue using standard hematoxylin and eosin stain techniques. However, smooth muscle cells and foam cell were identified with plaque using the monoclonal antibodies. Thrombus was more common in unstable angina group of patients (64.4%) in comparison to the patients with stable angina (23.2%). An accelerated progression pattern of smooth muscle cell proliferation and calcification were observed which was also common and significantly higher in unstable angina group of patients. The presence of thrombus and accelerated progressive pattern of smooth muscle cell proliferation in unstable angina patients imply the episodic disruption of atheromatous plaque followed by subsequent healing and may play a vital role in the pathophysiology of underlying angina pectoris.
Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection or colonization in a Chinese teaching hospital
Authors: Zhang Di , Cui Kai , Wang Taotao , Shan Yuanyuan , Dong Haiyan , Feng Weiyi , Ma Chen , Dong Yalin
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) is rapidly emerging as a life-threatening nosocomial infection. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors, especially antibiotic use and co-carriage with other bacteria for CRPA infection or colonization.

Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, which involved a cohort of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection or colonization from January 2014 to June 2016. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to estimate the risk factors of CRPA occurrence.

Results: Eight hundred and eighty-eight patients were included in the study. More than 50% of the risk factors were associated with CRPA infection or colonization according to univariate analysis (P < 0.05), such as invasive procedures, co-carriage with Gram-negative pathogens, and prior treatment with some antibiotics. However, only prior exposure to carbapenems (OR: 8.005; CI:4.507-14.217, P<0.001), the days of carbapenems treatment (OR: 1.190; CI: 1.073-1.272; P < 0.001), and co-carriage with Escherichia coli (OR: 1.824; CI: 1.005-3.310, P = 0.048) were considered independent risk factors by multivariate analysis. A higher mortality was found among patients with CRPA infection or colonization (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Risk factors for CRPA infection or colonization were prior exposure to carbapenems, the days of carbapenems treatment, and co-carriage with Escherichia coli. The prevalence of CRPA could be influenced by Gram-negative pathogens, especially in Escherichia coli, and it need more researches. Moreover, restrictions in the clinical use of carbapenems should be taken into account.
An An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan Region in 2015
Authors: Abdulla Qasim B. , Shabila Nazar P. , Al-Hadithi Tariq S.
Published: September 2018

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the occurrence of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil governorate and to determine the geographical distribution and clinical pattern of the disease during this outbreak.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved 234 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases from Erbil governorate. A questionnaire completed in an interview provided data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors, and preventive measures.

Results: About 60% of participants were younger than 35 years; 59.4% were living in urban areas. Most cases (40.2%) were from Maxmur district, while 20.9% were internally displaced persons and 7.7% were refugees. Nearly 70% of the cases had a low socioeconomic status. Cases with multiple lesions constituted 65.5%. Upper limb lesions constituted 44.7%. Most lesions were 1-5 cm in size (64.7%) and were wet (63.6%). Nearly three-quarters of the cases had a history of traveling to endemic areas; most (49.7%) to Maxmur district. Around 80% reported fogging around the houses and 44.4% in the working area. The peak incidence of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases was in December, with a total of 115 cases.

Conclusions: Cutaneous leishmaniasis was not endemic in Erbil governorate, but it became a public health challenge in 2015. Most of the cases were reported in Maxmur district and among internally displaced people and military personnel deployed there. Control and prevention activities, including fogging and spraying, face important challenges and need strengthening, especially in Maxmur district.
Antenatal group B streptococcus detection in pregnant women: culture or PCR?
Authors: Gerolymatos Gerasimos , Karlovasiti Paraskevi , Sianou Argiri , Logothetis Emmanuel , Kaparos George , Grigoriadis Charalampos , Baka Stavroula
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important cause of neonatal infections. Maternal GBS colonization screening and intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis of colonized women can prevent neonatal diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant and non-pregnant women and to compare the performance of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with the established as gold standard technique, culture method, used for the detection of this microorganism.

Methodology: Vaginal and rectal samples collected from 857 pregnant and 370 non-pregnant women were examined through cultures, while the samples collected from 452 pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation were assayed by culture and PCR method targeting the cfb gene.

Results: GBS colonization was present in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. The colonization rate was similar in non-pregnant and first trimester pregnant women and then increased from first to the third trimester of pregnancy. GBS cultures for vaginal and rectal samples were positive in 13.2% and 14.3% in non-pregnant women, while in pregnant women 13.2% and 13.7% in the first trimester, and 15.0% and 16.5% in the second trimester, respectively. In third trimester pregnant women, compared to culture method, PCR identified a significantly increased number of GBS positive vaginal (18.4% vs 22.6%, p = 0.0006) and rectal (18.1% vs 21.2%, p = 0.01) samples.

Conclusions: GBS colonization rate was higher in the third trimester. PCR proved to be a rapid and useful GBS screening method allowing a shorter detection time, while identifying more colonized women than culture.
Characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains associated with diarrhea in children, Khouzestan, Iran
Authors: Mahdavi Broujerdi Sanaz , Roayaei Ardakani Mohammad , Rezatofighi Seyedeh Elham
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a major etiologic agent among the pathogens that cause diarrhea in children.

Methodology: To investigate the presence and pathotypes of DEC in children under five years of age, living in the province of Khouzestan, Iran. 208 diarrhea stool samples were screened by multiplex-PCR. The isolated DEC isolates were investigated for resistance to various antimicrobials including the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and phylogenetic groups were determined.

Results: DEC isolates were identified in 54 (26%) diarrhea samples, and 4 (7%) cases contained two DEC pathotypes. DEC isolated included 35 (16.8%) enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), ten (4.8%) enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), six (2.9%) enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), six (2.9%) enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and one (0.48%) LEE-positive EAEC. Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) was not identified in any diarrheal samples. The most prevalent resistance was observed with ceftazidime (88%), followed by ceftizoxime (83%) and ceftriaxone (71%). The majority of isolates (> 75%) were sensitive to Imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin. More than 65% of the pathogenic isolates showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype. ESBL-producing strains was observed in 79.3% of all DEC isolates. Phylogenetic group B2 was the most predominant group with a frequency of 44.8%. A significant association was observed between the B2 phylogenetic group and the DEC isolates (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Overall, our findings highlight the importance of the role of DEC isolates in the etiology of diarrhea in children in Iran. The progressive increase in antimicrobial resistance among DEC isolates makes it imperative to implement policies to control the spread of resistant bacteria.
Advances in Wound Management
Authors: Rosenbaum Andrew J. , Banerjee Samik , Rezak Kristen M. , Uhl Richard L.
Published: September 2018

Wound management is a notable healthcare and financial burden, accounting for >$10 billion in annual healthcare spending in the United States. A multidisciplinary approach involving orthopaedic and plastic surgeons, wound care nursing, and medical and support staff is often necessary to improve outcomes. Orthopaedic surgeons must be familiar with the fundamental principles and evidenced-based concepts for the management of acute and chronic wounds. Knowledge of surgical dressings, negative pressure wound therapy, tissue expanders, dermal apposition, biologics, and extracellular matrices can aide practitioners in optimizing wound care.
Using the Internet to Promote Business Learners’ Autonomy in Vietnam
Authors: Thu Ba Hoang
Published: September 2018

In Vietnam, despite the widespread use of computers and the Internet in the educational settings, little attention has been paid to the role of the Internet in promoting students’ autonomy. Particularly, in the author’s real teaching context at Thuong Mai University (TMU), there exists a serious problem relating to students’ lack of independency in language learning. The study, therefore, was implemented to investigate the effectiveness of the Internet use in promoting business learners’ autonomy and improving their learning skill. To fulfill the study, questionnaires and interviews were conducted to 200 third-year students and 10 teachers of English at TMU respectively. The qualitative approach was adopted to reveal the significant findings of the descriptive case study on the learners’ positive attitudes and awareness of their learning autonomy through the popularity yet ineffective use of the Internet use but the ineffective use of the Internet in improving English study and motivation, what and how teachers and learners do to promote learners’ autonomy in language learning. The study, consequently, came up with some effective pedagogical implications that may help teachers recognize the significant role of the Internet in enhancing learners’ autonomy inside and outside the class.
Digital Literacy With EFL Student Teachers: Exploring Indonesian Student Teachers’ Initial Perception About Integrating Digital Technologies Into a Teaching Unit
Authors: Lathipatud Durriyah Tati , Zuhdi Muhammad
Published: September 2018

Research found that many student teachers are active users of digital technologies yet they are reluctant to make use of digital technologies for literacy teaching purposes. Efforts to prepare student teachers for technology integration are pressingly needed. Also needed is data that informs us about student teachers’ participation (engagement) with digital technologies and how they might utilize those technologies for literacy teaching. The article reports on a classroom research project that explored Indonesian student teachers’ initial perception about the use of digital technologies for EFL teaching. For one semester, the first author taught a course to a group of student teachers at a state Islamic university in Jakarta in which they learned conceptual and practical knowledge about digital technologies in teaching and learning. The student teachers were tasked to explore digital technologies available and had to integrate those technologies into teaching units contained in a junior high English textbook. Popular digital technologies selected included Facebook, blogs, Skype, and WhatsApp. Each offers unique potential to facilitate and enhance language learning. Student reflections provided insight into their considerations for their digital technology selections.
Explore for More: Enhancing Students’ Literacy through a School-Family-University Partnership
Authors: Parker Peters Megan , Gilliam Fain Jeanne , Duncan Sarah
Published: September 2018

Many educator preparation programs desire to partner with P-12 and community groups. The authors showcase the development of a P-12 School-University-Family partnership. Partnership goals included literacy growth and interest among linguistically and culturally diverse P-12 learners while also providing a sustainable training ground for current and future educators. Instead of decreasing students’ literacy skills over the summer months, elementary students (n=40) experienced growth in both reading skills and enjoyment (p < 0.05) after participating in the discussed summer literacy program. Beyond student benefits, it should be remembered that both educator preparation programs (EPPs) and P-12 schools have much to offer each other and benefit reciprocally when they work together; methods for forming and sustaining a productive partnership are discussed. Recommendations for sustainability and future plans are discussed.
Measuring the Effects of Online-To-Offline Marketing
Authors: Chiang I Ping , Lin Chia yi , Huang Chih Hui
Published: September 2018

Due to the competitiveness of the e-commerce environment and the emerging usage of mobile devices, companies have found a new e-marketing strategy, that is, online-to-offline (O2O) marketing, to integrate both channels more efficiently. The rapid rise of the O2O market in recent years has changed the way people consume and become an important issue. However, there are still very few studies focusing on O2O marketing issues. Hence, the purpose of this study is to develop an analytic model to explore how consumers adopt O2O commerce models.
In this study, we collect 1,267 samples of valid Taiwan-based internet users who intended to adopt multi-channel retailing, using a web survey of consumers through InsightXplorer’s CyberPanel. We use EFA and CFA to confirm search factors (information availability, search convenience, enjoyment, media richness and tangibility) and purchase factors (service quality, price and promotion, purchase convenience, risk perception, immediacy and product quantity) in keeping with past research. We also conduct a multinomial logit model to analyze the relationships among search factors, purchase factors, and adopting multi-channel purchasing behavior. The results indicate that the main reason consumers choose to purchase through physical channels is that they could provide better sales service quality and have a lower shopping risk, however, if consumers care about prices and promotions, they tend to lean towards the Mobile path. At the close of this paper, in-depth discussions and conclusions are provided to inform further research and future practices.

To cite this document: I-Ping Chiang, Chia-Yi Lin, and Chih-Hui Huang, "Measuring the Effects of Online-to-Offline Marketing", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.3, pp. 167-190, 2018.

Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18462
Metal‐to‐Semiconductor Transition and Electronic Dimensionality Reduction of Ca2N Electride under Pressure
Authors: Tang Hu , Wan Biao , Gao Bo , Muraba Yoshinori , Qin Qin , Yan Bingmin , Chen Peng , Hu Qingyang , Zhang Dongzhou , Wu Lailei , Wang Mingzhi , Xiao Hong , Gou Huiyang , Gao Faming , Mao Ho‐kwang , Hosono Hideo
Published: September 2018

The discovery of electrides, in particular, inorganic electrides where electrons substitute anions, has inspired striking interests in the systems that exhibit unusual electronic and catalytic properties. So far, however, the experimental studies of such systems are largely restricted to ambient conditions, unable to understand their interactions between electron localizations and geometrical modifications under external stimuli, e.g., pressure. Here, pressure‐induced structural and electronic evolutions of Ca2N by in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and electrical resistance measurements, and density functional theory calculations with particle swarm optimization algorithms are reported. Experiments and computation are combined to reveal that under compression, Ca2N undergoes structural transforms from R
m symmetry to I
2d phase via an intermediate Fd
m phase, and then to Cc phase, accompanied by the reductions of electronic dimensionality from 2D, 1D to 0D. Electrical resistance measurements support a metal‐to‐semiconductor transition in Ca2N because of the reorganizations of confined electrons under pressure, also validated by the calculation. The results demonstrate unexplored experimental evidence for a pressure‐induced metal‐to‐semiconductor switching in Ca2N and offer a possible strategy for producing new electrides under moderate pressure.
Factors affecting the stability of bubble in autoclaved aerated concrete
Authors: Su Yufeng , Wei Bolei , Sun Xuan , Zhang Hui
Published: September 2018

Defects in autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) products are often caused by gassing formation and bubble stability. In order to eliminate these defects and improve product quality, the factors affecting the bubble stability in AAC slurry in the production, such as the viscosity, water‐solid ratios, temperature of the slurry and four kinds of foamstabilizer was studied. The results showed that the viscosity of the slurry decreased by power function with the increase of the water‐solid ratios. The maximal rising volume first increases and then decreases with increase of water‐solid ratios, which means that there is an optimal water‐solid ratios here. The gassing velocity of aluminum is accelerated by temperature increase and the gassing time is shorted, but meanwhile the bubble stability becomes worse. The bubble stability of slurry is increased by increase in the use of foam stabilizer, but the gassing velocity is suppressed severely at the same time. The addition of four foam stabilizers should not exceed 0.1%. The research results have great significance for the improvement of AAC quality and reasonable application of foam stabilizer.
Tests of AAC walls subjected to vertical loads ‐ Part 1. Zone at the opening
Authors: Drobiec Łukasz
Published: September 2018

The paper describes the results of testing autoclaved aerated concert walls on a natural scale. The walls were made of 18 cm wide blocks and thin layer joints. Reinforced and nonreinforced walls were tested. Basalt grids and typical steel reinforcement (truss type) were used as reinforcements. The load was applied by a reinforced concrete rim beam. In the first part of the work, the impact of the opening (window) on stress distribution and the load capacity of the wall was analyzed.
Chemical admixtures for the optimization of the AAC production
Authors: Zeminian Nicoletta , Guarino Gaetano , Xu Qi
Published: September 2018

The use of chemical admixtures for the improvement of the manufacturing process, as well as for the quality enhancement of elements and buildings, is a regular practice in standard high consistency concrete, both in ready‐mix and in precast applications, but is still quite limited in the production of autoclaved aerated concrete (ACC). This is partially due to the difficulty of replicating the manufacturing process in the laboratory, which includes expansion and setting in the precuring stage, followed by the autoclave treatment at elevated temperature and pressure. This work presents a structured approach to the design of specific chemical admixtures for ACC, which started with the identification of suitable laboratory equipment, and test methods for the simulation of the production process of AAC. This was then expanded with the screening and selection of different chemical formulations, to end with the development of chemical admixtures tailored for the ACC. The results show that, by using these specific admixtures, the producers of AAC can accelerate the production process, thereby increasing the output of the plant; alternatively, when the increase in productivity is not an objective, the same admixtures can be employed to achieve a significant optimization in the composition of the mix.
Analysis of AAC precast lintels embedded in walls different construction
Authors: Drobiec Łukasz , Jasiński Radosław , Mazur Wojciech
Published: September 2018

The paper presents experimental results of lintels embedded in walls different construction. Walls and lintels were made of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Lintels act in different statical conditions. Walls were erected in natural scale as a standard masonry wall, bounded walls, and with additional reinforced concrete cores along vertical edges of window openings. Cracks propagation and destruction of lintels were analyzed. The tests were monitored by Digital Image Correlation system Aramis, and results were analyzed by GOM Correlate software. The results were compared with the results of smaller models, which represent the areas of window opening, and also with the result of lintels tested as simply supported beam according to the standard method.
Highly automated versatile volume production of autoclaved aerated panels
Authors: van Boggelen Daan , van Boggelen Koen , Beier Ralf
Published: September 2018

The need for better and quicker building is growing every day. The shortage for craftsmanship with high costs is pushing building activities toward innovative, industrialized prefab elements and even to a complete casing production. New and affordable autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) building concepts with its related production technology is a serious request from markets worldwide. AAC panels still have a limited or no market share in most of the countries in the construction industry. Exceptions to this case are Japan, Australia, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, and Germany. The reasons are too many to mention. But the fact is that there are only a very few facilities fit for the future to produce predictable, versatile, high volume “quality” panels, lintels, cladding panels, and AAC boards. This paper presents an image collage and figurative views of our studies and 68 years of panel production experience with information about the lessons learned. Highlighted subjects will be the technology, plant automation, rebar and AAC, the smooth cutting, curing regimes, and handling.
Effects of specimen dimensions and shape on compressive strength of specific autoclaved aerated concrete
Authors: Mazur Wojciech , Drobiec Łukasz , Jasiński Radosław
Published: September 2018

This paper present results from testing shape and dimensions of specimens on compressive strength of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) concrete with nominal density classes 400, 500, 600, and 700. The tests were conducted on standard cube specimens 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm, cylindrical and rectangular specimens made of AAC blocks. DANTEC optical measurement system was used to analyze how specimen shape affected the mechanism of specimen destruction. Obtained results were analyzed and Neville's algorithm was adapted.
Influence of secondary raw materials on synthesis of tobermorite in lime–silicate composite
Authors: Černý Vít , Drochytka Rostislav , Kulísek Karel , Húšt'avová Jana
Published: September 2018

Crystalline calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phases, primarily tobermorite, arise in the microstructure of autoclaved aerated concretes (AACs) during autoclaving, which affects the concrete's important characteristics. Calcium oxide/hydroxide and silicon oxide are the feedstocks for the hydrothermal reactions. When producing AACs, aside from commonly used raw materials, it is also possible to utilize secondary raw materials rich in silicon oxide. The use of such secondary raw materials provides the opportunity for the construction industry to lower its impact on the environment. This work describes the investigation of individual added secondary raw materials’ influence on the microstructure of AAC. The tested materials were as follows: high‐temperature fly ash, FBC ash, slag, ground container glass, and zeolite. The materials were mixed with quicklime at a molar ratio of calcium oxide to silicon oxide of 0.73 and 1.0. Autoclave reactors were used for the synthesis of tobermorite under laboratory conditions. Autoclaving took place at 170 and 190°C with hydrothermal soaking times of 4, 8, and 16 h. The additive with the most significant impact on microstructure was fly ash, while ground container glass showed the greatest influence on mechanical characteristics.
Six sigma in the AAC production
Authors: Haas Martin , Petrov Ivaylo
Published: September 2018

The aim of this paper is to explain the six sigma tools such as control charts, boxplots, and hypothesis test. These tools have been used to detect root causes of production disturbances such as damaged grinding media in a ball mill or a big variation in compressive strength of an aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) product. Another example shows how the variation of the fineness of grinded sand could be reduced. Hypothesis tests were used to check if fluidizers can reduce rising cracks or if a shortened autoclave cycle has an influence on product properties such as compressive strength or durability.

This paper does not explain the whole six sigma project of each example. It only shows the results of the projects and the tools that have been used. This paper underlines that the knowledge about the variation in each subprocess of the AAC production cycle is essential for improving the process and to eliminate disturbances.
Durability of autoclaved aerated concrete based on Polish experience
Authors: Zapotoczna‐Sytek Genowefa
Published: September 2018

The question of durability in the construction industry applies to building materials, components, and structures. In general, building materials, components, and structures are considered durable if their properties remain stable. Durability characteristics depend on a number of complex factors and conditions and may not always be effectively determined using simple standardized methods. Despite ongoing discussions and research, the question of durability and its measuring methods remains elusive. Studies revealed, for example, that shrinkage, phase composition, and durability of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) are interrelated. The durability of a building or structure, as discussed in research papers, involves the durability of products and the (designed and anticipated) useful life. Studies on the durability of AAC have been prompted by the increasing production and use of AAC in the construction industry in Poland, specifically in wall constructions. Researches began in early 1960s and focused on AAC materials in industrial production and AAC partitions in experimental conditions and real‐world residential buildings. The studies examined the levels and distribution of moisture in concrete walls; conclusions have been formulated concerning the drying time, the effects of indoor and outdoor conditions, and the partition orientation relative to the points of the compass. Extended research on AAC durability co‐funded by AAC production plants and the Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials (ICiMB, formerly COBRPB CEBET) were resumed in 1999. The studies examined AAC made with fly ash and sand sampled at 5 cm intervals from partitions of 20—35, 40‐year‐old buildings and AAC stored outdoors under extreme conditions for the period of 21 and 40 years (protected with a tarpaper top cover), exposed to snow during winter. The building's technical condition was evaluated when the concrete samples were collected. The following research questions were addressed:

operating moisture levels in partitions made of AAC produced using various production technologies (based on fly ash, sand);

mineral composition and porosity structure of AAC after a long period of use (as compared to the mineral composition of “fresh” AAC produced using the same technologies); and

whether changes in the tested parameters over time may contribute to AAC destruction, resulting in loss or significant reduction of AAC basic qualities, including compressive strength and frost resistance.

The results of these studies will be discussed in this article. An analysis of the results of studies confirms the durability profile of AAC, which should be considered in formulating conclusions about the possible uses of AAC. Further research is needed to determine the limit values of AAC properties in the context of real‐world applications.
Compressive strength of autoclaved aerated concrete: Test methods comparison
Authors: Walczak Paweł
Published: September 2018

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is one of the most popular building materials for wall construction. For example, in 2017, Poland produced about 4.9 million cubic meters of AAC, which covers approximately 40% of wall building material market. One of the most important properties of building material used for the construction of wall, except thermal conductivity value, is its compressive strength value. In accordance with EN 771–4:2011+A1:2015 and EN 772‐1:2011+A1:2015, compressive strength of AAC can be determined by two alternative test methods: by drying at temperature not higher than 50°C with moisture content 6% ± 2%, or by drying at temperature 70°C and multiplying the result by 0.8 coefficient. In this work, tested blocks of AAC were manufactured in different plants with different densities. In this work, impact of drying conditions on AAC compressive strength was described.
Durability of autoclaved aerated concrete—if carbonation is really dangerous? Facts and myths
Authors: Walczak Paweł , Małolepszy Jan
Published: September 2018

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is used as one of the most popular building materials for many years. The first production unit using an autoclaving process began in 1927. Since then, millions of cubic meters of this material have been produced around the world. Production technologies have been developed in different countries using the production process and available raw materials such as sand, siliceous fly ash from burning coal with and without biomass, or slag. Over 90 years of experience has proved that AAC is a universal and durable material. A few publications have shown negative influence of carbon dioxide on calcium silicate hydrates stability (C‐S‐H, tobermorite), which are present in most of available building materials, such as construction concrete, silicate, or AAC. The influence of carbon dioxide on durability, phase composition, and properties of AAC is tested in a research area. The influence of CO2 has been tested in natural conditions as in artificial weathering. In this work, density, compressive strength, lambda values, shrinkage, and phase composition were tested.
Simulation of AAC for sustainable design and construction
Authors: Kirby Jason T. , Fouad Fouad H. , Schoch Torsten
Published: September 2018

Residential and commercial building sectors of the United States consume nearly 40% (or ∼38 quadrillion BTUs) of the nation's total energy demand. Regrettably, conventional forms of energy production have an adverse impact on natural ecosystems and alternative power generation lags in terms of meeting the required capacity. Faced with rising energy costs, diminishing fuel resources, and emerging environmental concerns, the US building industry has begun to address these challenges by adopting sustainable and/or green building practices. Greater durability, reduced maintenance, and reasonable cost premiums are desirable parameters for emerging materials. While autoclaved aerated concrete is well established in other parts of the globe, the US building industry is unaccustomed with its use and application. Computer simulation models represent one of the most reliable methods to test alternative design considerations in that they are cost/time efficient and can evaluate energy consumption with reasonable accuracy. The research (2009–2011) presented in this paper is a comparative evaluation of three shell construction techniques using computer simulations. Thermal, economic, and environmental characteristics of each wall system are evaluated.
Customized AAC equipment based on various demands
Authors: Xu Shunwu , Chen Xinjiang , Qi Guoliang
Published: September 2018

In order to meet various clients’ demands, KEDA SUREMAKER puts forward the concept of customized design. With this concept, the management team, technical experts, and process experts visit clients’ site to get feedback from their practical production experience and analyze the common characteristics of various demands to provide customized solutions.
Autoclaving of ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC)
Authors: von Werder Julia , Simon Sebastian , Lehmann Christian , Selleng Christian , Fontana Patrick , Meng Birgit
Published: September 2018

By the combination of an optimized granulometry, a reduced water–cement ratio and the use of superplasticizers ultra‐high performance concrete achieves a compressive strength of over 150 N/mm2 and a high resistance regarding acids and water‐soluble salts. In different research projects the effect of an autoclavation on the mechanical strength and the phase composition was analyzed. In systematic studies, the concrete mix and the process parameters were varied. The results show that autoclavation leads to an improved pozzolanic and hydraulic reaction and significantly improves the mechanical strength compared to a conventional thermal treatment. If a minimum time‐span for hydration is ensured, the achievable strength level is not dependent on the prestorage time. However, the duration of the autoclaving is significant. After the maximum strength is reached there is only a very slight decrease, even if unrealistically long autoclaving times are applied.
Hygrothermal assessment of internally insulated solid masonry walls fitted with exterior hydrophobization and deliberate thermal bridge
Authors: Jensen Nickolaj Feldt , Bjarløv Søren Peter , Rode Carsten , Odgaard Tommy Riviere
Published: September 2018

Relative humidity (RH) and temperature were measured in several solid masonry walls with embedded wooden beams, fitted with autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) thermal insulation on the interior surface and exposed to a cool, temperate climate. The field study was based on the use of a 40‐feet insulated reefer container reconfigured with eight 1 × 2 m holes containing the solid masonry walls. The study investigated the influence of AAC thermal insulation on the interior side with a combination of exterior hydrophobization and a deliberate thermal bridge in front of the embedded wooden wall plate using a material with higher thermal conductivity. Validated HAM simulations were used to investigate the effect of controlling the indoor humidity, and how this would affect the theoretical risk predictions from the damage models. Experimental findings indicate that hydrophobization of solid masonry walls with internal insulation have both positive and negative effects on the moisture balance of the wall, in relation to moisture‐induced damage, and that a deliberate thermal bridge installed in front of the embedded wooden wall plate can reduce the moisture content in the wooden elements. Simulation findings indicate that a combination of exterior hydrophobization and decreased indoor moisture load can reduce the RH to acceptable levels in relation to moisture induced damage at the interface between existing wall and new insulation. No major changes were observed in relation to the risk of frost damage at the exterior surface.