bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Transposable Elements in Gene Regulation in the Human Genome
Authors: Ali Arsala , Han Kyudong , Liang Ping
Published: February 2021

Transposable elements (TEs), also known as mobile elements (MEs), are interspersed repeats that constitute a major fraction of the genomes of higher organisms. As one of their important functional impacts on gene function and genome evolution, TEs participate in regulating the expression of genes nearby and even far away at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. There are two known principal ways by which TEs regulate expression of genes. First, TEs provide cis-regulatory sequences in the genome with their intrinsic regulatory properties for their own expression making them potential factors for regulating the expression of the host genes. TE-derived cis-regulatory sites are found in promoter and enhancer elements, providing binding sites for a wide range of trans-acting factors. Second, TEs encode for regulatory RNAs with their sequences showed to be present in a substantial fraction of miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), indicating the TE origin of these RNAs. Furthermore, TEs sequences were found to be critical for regulatory functions of these RNAs including binding to the target mRNA. TEs thus provide crucial regulatory roles by being part of cis-regulatory and regulatory RNA sequences. Moreover, both TE-derived cis-regulatory sequences and TE-derived regulatory RNAs, have been implicated to provide evolutionary novelty to gene regulation. These TE-derived regulatory mechanisms also tend to function in tissue-specific fashion. In this review, we aim to comprehensively cover the studies regarding these two aspects of TE-mediated gene regulation, mainly focusing on the mechanisms, contribution of different types of TEs, differential roles among tissue types, and lineage specificity, based on data mostly in humans.
Timing of Home Health Care Initiation and 30-Day Rehospitalizations among Medicare Beneficiaries with Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Smith Jamie M. , Jarrín Olga F. , Lin Haiqun , Thomas-Hawkins Charlotte , Tsui Jennifer
Published: February 2021

Older adults with diabetes are at elevated risk of complications following hospitalization. Home health care services mitigate the risk of adverse events and facilitate a safe transition home. Building on prior findings of racial/ethnic disparities in post-acute referral and utilization of home health, this study examined timing of home health care initiation and 30-day rehospitalization outcomes. Using linked Medicare administrative, assessment, and claims datasets (2014-2016), we identified 209,150 Medicare beneficiaries, age 50 and older, who were referred to post-acute home health following a diabetes-related index hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression models included patient demographics, neighborhood area deprivation, and rural/urban setting. Home health care initiated within one week was associated with lower risk of 30-day rehospitalization (days 0-2, OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.86-0.91; days 3-7, OR=0.87, CI 0.84-0.90). In contrast, a late start of services (days 8-14) was associated with a higher risk of 30-day rehospitalization (OR=2.2, CI 2.0-2.3). This pattern of results was observed across all racial/ethnic patient groups. However, racial/ethnic minority patients were less likely to receive timely home health care services compared to white patients. Timely initiation and coordination of home health care is one strategy to improve outcomes following diabetes-related hospitalizations that benefits older adults of all racial/ethnic groups.
Gender, Age, Year of Course and Faculty: Factors Influencing the Risk of Eating Disorders
Authors: Escolar-Llamazares María-Camino , Martínez-Martín María-Ángeles , Medina-Gómez María-Begoña , González-Alonso María-Yolanda , Mercado-Val Elvira , Lara-Ortega Fernando
Published: February 2021

Background: The passage through university, as a complex experience, can heighten personal susceptibility to eating disorders. The objective of this research is to determine how gender, age, year of course, and center or faculty can influence the risk of an eating disorder among university students. Method: A transversal and descriptive study with a probabilistic sample of 516 Spanish students from 26 university degrees is performed, by administering the Inventory Eating Disorder-Reference criterion (EDI-3-RF) to the students. Results: It was found that the female students enrolled in second-year grades presented a greater obsession with thinness and body dissatisfaction, that the male students did more physical exercise to control their weight, and that those under 20 years and the students from both the Health and Law Faculties presented greater bulimic behavior. Conclusions: It is necessary to implement preventive measures adapted to the university students.
Investigating Primary Cilia during Peripheral Nervous System Formation
Authors: Yusifov Elkhan , Dumoulin Alexandre , Stoeckli Esther T.
Published: February 2021

The primary cilium plays a pivotal role during embryonic development of vertebrates. It acts as a somatic signaling hub for specific pathways, such as sonic hedgehog signaling. In humans, mutations in genes that cause dysregulation of ciliogenesis or ciliary function lead to severe developmental disorders called ciliopathies. Beyond its obvious role in early morphogenesis, growing evidence points towards an essential function of the primary cilium in neural circuit formation in the central nervous system. However, very little is known about a potential role in the formation of the peripheral nervous system. Here, we investigated the presence of the primary cilium in neural crest cells and their derivatives in the trunk of the developing chicken embryo in vivo. We found that neural crest cells, sensory neurons, and boundary cap cells all bear a primary cilium during key stages of early peripheral nervous system formation. Moreover, we described differences in the ciliation of neuronal cultures of different populations from the peripheral and central nervous system. Our results offer a framework for further in vivo and in vitro investigations on specific roles that the primary cilium might play during peripheral nervous system formation.
Eco-Discourses in a Virtual Rural Community
Authors: Bakó Rozália Klára , Hubbes László Attila , Tamás Dénes
Published: February 2021

This case study explores social media discourses of a virtual ecovillage community based in Central Romania, in a Hungarian speaking region of Transylvania. The investigated virtual community embraces the idea of ecovillage as a local constructive answer to the challenges of the global ecological crisis, based on strategies of revitalizing local ethnic traditions, promoting sustainable development solutions, and innovations. Our key question is the relationship between tradition and innovation—as revealed by the discursive practices of the ecovillage Facebook group most active members. Using ecolinguistic as a frame of reference, the investigation unveiled the role social media played in fostering the formation of a virtual intentional community, and in clarifying the shared values of the group. We found that the local ecovillage is part of a larger regional and global movement, unfolding the organic connection between the Hungarian and the Romanian intentional communities, and the reframing of traditional values within innovative, sustainable everyday practices.
Infrared Thermography as an Operando Tool for the Analysis of Catalytic Processes: How to Use It?
Authors: Mutschler Robin , Moioli Emanuele
Published: February 2021

Infrared (IR) thermography is a powerful tool to measure temperature with a high space and time resolution. A particular interesting application of this technology is in the field of catalysis, where new insights to highly dynamic surface reactions are possible. This paper presents guidelines for the development of a reactor cell that can aid in the efficient exploitation of infrared thermography for the investigation of catalytic and other surface reactions. Firstly, the necessary properties of the catalytic reactor are described. In fact, special equipment must be developed to ensure the realization of true operando conditions in the IR thermography experiments. Here, we provide the guidelines to assemble a chemical reactor with an IR transmitting window through which the reaction can be studied with the infrared camera. Secondly, we analyze the requirements towards the catalytic system to be directly observable by IR thermography. This includes the need for a catalyst that provides a sufficiently high heat production (or absorption) rate. We present selected examples of catalytic reactions that can be monitored by IR thermography and showing the potential of the technology in revealing transient and steady state chemical phenomena.
Detection of Chymotrypsin by Optical and Acoustic Methods
Authors: Piovarci Ivan , Hianik Tibor , Ivanov Ilia N.
Published: February 2021

Chymotrypsin is an important proteolytic enzyme in human digestion system that cleaves milk proteins, through hydrolysis reaction, which makes it interesting subject to study activity of milk proteases. In this work, we compared detection of chymotrypsin by spectrophotometric, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) methods and determined the limit of chymotrypsin detection (LOD), 0.15 ± 0.01 nM for spectrophotometric, 0.67 ± 0.05 nM for DLS and 1.40 ± 0.30 nM for QCM methods, respectively. We discuss peculiarities and give perspective for implementation of detection methods and note that while the optical detection methods are simple to implement, the QCM method is more robust for sample preparation. We give an overview on methods and instruments for detection of chymotrypsin and other milk proteases.
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies APCDD1 and HDAC5 Genes as Potentially Cancer Predisposing in Familial Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Skopelitou Diamanto , Miao Beiping , Srivastava Aayushi , Kumar Abhishek , Kuświk Magdalena , Dymerska Dagmara , Paramasivam Nagarajan , Schlesner Matthias , Lubiński Jan , Hemminki Kari , Försti Asta , Bandapalli Obul Reddy
Published: February 2021

Germline mutations in predisposition genes account for only 20% of all familial colorectal cancer (CRC) and the remaining genetic burden may be due to rare high-to-moderate-penetrance germline variants that are not explored. With the aim of identifying such potential cancer predisposing variants, we performed whole exome sequencing on three CRC cases and three unaffected members of a Polish family and identified two novel heterozygous variants; a coding variant in APC down-regulated 1 gene (APCDD1, p.R299H) and a non-coding variant in the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of histone deacetylase 5 gene (HDAC5). Sanger sequencing confirmed the variants segregating with the disease and Taqman assays revealed 8 additional APCDD1 variants in a cohort of 1705 familial CRC patients and no further HDAC5 variants. Proliferation assays indicated an insignificant proliferative impact for the APCDD1 variant. Luciferase reporter assays using the HDAC5 variant resulted in an enhanced promoter activity. Targeting of transcription factor binding sites of SNAI-2 and TCF4 interrupted by HDAC5 variant showed a significant impact of TCF4 on promoter activity of mutated HDAC5. Our findings contribute not only to the identification of unrecognized genetic causes of familial CRC but also underline the importance of 5´UTR variants affecting transcriptional regulation and the pathogenesis of complex disorders.
Adaption of Cost Calculation for Modular LBPF Machine
Authors: Sebastian Dirks , Schleifenbaum Henrich
Published: February 2021

Methods for cost calculation of Laser-based Additive Manufacturing (LAM) have evolved over the last two decades. Starting from a rapid prototyping manufacturing method, cost calculation over time included more than single part production for small series or mixed batches. New machine developments nowadays aim at large scale production and introduce modular machine designs that give LAM factory operators more decision freedom on machine configurations and expansibility. To leverage this new possibilities, LAM costing methods must be adapted to calculate and visualize the economic consequences of different module configurations.In this work a modelling architecture of L-PBF machines using virtual modules is presented. Using principles of the industry 4.0 communication standard OPC UA, a virtual machine is set up, parametrized and connected to the AM digital process chain. Two different views on the cost information are used, optimized for different use cases.First, the product view allows detailed analysis of cost allocation to parts in mixed batches and the layered geometry of the part. Second, the machine view tracks utilization of all machine modules, divided into the states idle, active, off and maintenance. The theoretical Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is calculated on a module basis, enabling economic analysis and optimization of module composition as well as module improvements and new modular machine constellations. This allows focusing research and development on most valuable improvements. By calculating different scenarios like spare part production, mass production or rapid prototyping, the part portfolio to be manufactured can be considered.
THE ADDITION OF TILAPIA BONE NANOCALCIUM (Oreochromis niloticus) TO THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SHRIMP CRACKERS
Authors: Fatoni Muhammad Ali , Sumardianto Sumardianto , Purnamayati Lukita
Published: February 2021

Shrimp crackers are a type of dry food made from tapioca flour, shrimp and other additives. Shrimp crackers with the addition of fish bone flour nanocalcium is an alternative food that can be developed as a source of calcium. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding nanocalcium tilapia bone flour to physico-chemical characteristics and the best concentration of tilapia nanocalcium bone in shrimp crackers to be accepted by panelists. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, namely the concentration of addition of tilapia nanocalcium bone, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% which was done 3 times. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued by Tukey test if there were significant differences. The results showed that the addition of tilapia nanocalcium bone significantly affected the increase in the ash and calcium levels of shrimp crackers, while the water content, protein and developmental power decreased with the addition of increasing tilapia bone nanocalsium. The addition of 10% tilapia bone nanocalcium is the best concentration based on panelist acceptance with the category of very fond of the parameters of smell, taste, and texture, while for the panelist appearance parameter accepts in the like category. Shrimp crackers with the addition of 10% nanocalcium contain 10.76% water content; ash content 13.81%; protein content 2.40%; 2.12% calcium content and 42.62% swelling power.
Pengaruh Kepedulian Lingkungan (Enviromental Concern) dan Paradigma Lingkungan Baru (New Environmental Paradigm) terhadap Intensi Perilaku Pro Lingkungan (Behavioral Intention) Siswa
Authors: - Indah Praminingsih , Putrawan I Made , Suryanda Ade
Published: February 2021

The environment is fairly critical, and it can be said that the main cause of environmental damage is humans. Therefore concern is needed to overcome environmental problems so that it will change the new environmental paradigm and bring up the behavioral intention that will be used as behavior. This research is aimed to determine the effect of environmental concern and new environmental paradigm toward behavioral intention that students have. Research conducted at SMA Negeri 71 Jakarta on the Semester I of 2019/2020 school year. The method used is a survey method through causal studies and analyzed by path analysis. The sample were 96 students of class XII MIPA. The instrument used are environmental concern (27 items, reliability 0.773), new environmental paradigm (30 items, reliability 0.858) and behavioral intention (27 items, reliability 0.736). Based on these results, it can be concluded that new environmental paradigm cannot be a mediator of variables between environmental concern and behavioral intention on students.
Valuasi Ekonomi Destinasi Wisata Pulau Harapan, Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Ilham Yusuf
Published: February 2021

Sektor pariwisata adalah salah satu sektor yang sangat potensial untuk meningkatkan devisa negara.  Indonesia memiliki banyak destinasi pariwisata alam. Salah satu destinasi pariwisata alam di Indonesia adalah Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu. Pada tahun 2018, pemerintah menetapkan Kepulauan Seribu sebagai Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Nasional (KSPN). Pemerintah menetapkan target penerimaan negara bukan pajak (PNBP) dari Kepulauan Seribu sebesar Rp.150.000.000. Target tersebut harus dicapai dengan proses yang memberikan dampak sekecil mungkin terhadap lingkungan. Salah satu alternatifnya adalah dengan membuat wisata eksklusif. Penelitian ini mengkaji destinasi wisata Pulau Harapan untuk menentukan nilai ekonomi dari destinasi wisata Pulau Harapan dan menyesuaikannya dengan target PNBP dan daya dukung.  Metode yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah mencari nilai ekonomi menggunakan metode Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) dan mencari Break Even Point (BEP) dan daya dukung optimum di destinasi wisata P.Harapan. Hasil dari penelitian ini, destinasi wisata P.Harapan dapat dijual dengan harga Rp.727.500 dengan jumlah wisatawan yang terbatas yaitu sebanyak 4337 wisatawan.
Hubungan antara Paradigma Lingkungan Baru (New Environmental Paradigm) dan Niat untuk Bertindak (Intention to Act) dengan Perilaku Tanggung Jawab Lingkungan (Responsible Environmental Behavior) Siswa
Authors: Khairunnisa Salsabila  , I Made Putrawan  , Diana Vivanti Sigit
Published: February 2021

To avoid environmental damage continuously, is important to construct a responsible environmental behavior early on. The things that contribute to one’s behavior towards environment are the paradigm and intention to improve the environment. Therefore, this study aims to know the relation between new environmental paradigm and intention to act with students responsible environmental behavior. The study was carried out in SMA Negeri 36 Jakarta in October-December 2019 by involving as many as 97 samples of students. The method used is descriptive method with a correlational study approach using simple and multiple correlation regression analysis. The results of the study revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the new environmental paradigm of students with responsible environmental behavior; there was a positive and significant relationship between the intention to act of students with responsible environmental behavior; and there is no relation between new environmental paradigm and intention to act of students together with responsible environmental behavior. Responsible environmental behavior variations on students SMA Negeri 36 Jakarta amounting to 2% are determined jointly by the new environmental paradigm and 36.6% by the intention to act. Therefore, in increasing the responsible environmental behavior of students to be more positive, need to consider factors new environmental paradigm and intention to act of students who contribute significantly.
Prediksi Laju Erosi dan Valuasi Ekonomi pada Area Reklamasi Pertambangan Batu Bara
Authors: Pradana Arief Adi , Martono Dwi Nowo , Soelarno Soemarno Witoro
Published: February 2021

Mining activities had positive and negative impacts on the environment. Erosion is one of the negative impacts that must be managed. This research carried out due to the problem of different predicted erosion and the actual condition in one of the reclamation areas of PT X. This research aims to analyze the erosion rate and economic value on the mining reclamation activities of PT X. This research method carried out using the calculation of erosion rates with USLE, the Erosion Hazard Index (IBE), interviews with village communities around PT X and calculated economic value due to erosion with an economic valuation using Total Economic Value (NET). The results indicate that the calculation of erosion rates with the USLE approach of 35,351.69 tons/ha/year and the value of the Erosion Hazard Index (IBE) with the Very High category dominating reclamation area with a percentage of 61,11%. The results of the economic valuation calculation are Rp13,7 billion/year, and the recommended erosion management is to manage factors C and P to reduce the rate of erosion.
Identifikasi Pterydophyta di Hutan Kota Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Julita Trisha , Melvinasari Mega Widia , Dwiyanoto Ghesang , Ristanto Rizhal Hendi , Sigit Diana Vivanti
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis tumbuhan paku yang ditemukan dalam dua hutan kota di Jakarta, yaitu Hutan Kota Universitas Indonesia (UI), dan Hutan Kota Srengseng. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2020 dengan menggunakan metode jejak jelajah seluas 1,5 km². Metode jelajah ini dilakukan dengan berjalan menyusuri sepanjang area pengamatan yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Hutan Kota Srengseng ditemukan 10 spesies tumbuhan paku yang terbagi menjadi 5 famili yaitu Thelypteridaceae, Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Davalliaceae, dan Lygodiaceae. Selanjutnya pada Hutan Kota UI ditemukan 13 spesies yang terbagi menjadi 8 famili yaitu Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Selaginellaceae, Nephrolepidaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Lygodiaceae, Thelypteridaceae dan Davalliaceae. Pengukuran kondisi faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, intensitas cahaya, kelembaban tanah, serta pH tanah juga dilakukan. Faktor kelembaban dan pH tanah mempengaruhi keberadaan tumbuhan paku di kedua hutan kota. Keadaan di Hutan Kota UI lebih mendukung untuk pertumbuhan tumbuhan paku karena kondisi faktor lingkungannya lebih baik, sehingga di Hutan Kota UI lebih beragam jenisnya.
Tranexamic Acid Reduces the Rate of Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Aseptic Revision Arthroplasty
Authors: Klement Mitchell R. , Padua Fortunato G. , Li William T. , Detweiler Max , Parvizi Javad
Published: February 2021

Background:

Revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has a higher rate of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) compared with primary TJA, possibly as the result of increased allogeneic blood transfusion. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is gaining popularity in revision TJA to minimize blood loss and the need for transfusion; however, its effect on PJI reduction has yet to be investigated. The hypothesis of this study was that the administration of TXA during revision arthroplasty is protective against subsequent PJI.

Methods:

A prospectively maintained institutional database was used to identify patients who underwent revision TJA for aseptic failure from 2009 to 2018 and had a minimum follow-up of 90 days. Patients who developed PJI following revision arthroplasty were identified. All patients with PJI met Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify variables independently associated with PJI after aseptic revision TJA.

Results:

Overall, 1,731 patients who underwent aseptic revision were identified; of these patients, 83 (4.8%) developed PJI. Patients who received TXA had significantly lower rates (p = 0.029) of PJI postoperatively at 3.30% compared with those who did not receive TXA at 5.73%. After controlling for relevant confounding variables, TXA remained a significant independent factor that protected against PJI (odds ratio [OR], 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23 to 0.90]; p = 0.030). Female sex was also identified as a significant independent factor that protected against PJI (OR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.30 to 0.88]; p = 0.016). However, preoperative anemia was independently associated with an increased risk of subsequent PJI (OR, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.34 to 4.16]; p = 0.003).

Conclusions:

Based on this study conducted at a single institution, the use of TXA during aseptic revision arthroplasty was independently associated with a reduced risk of subsequent acute PJI after adjusting for multiple patient characteristics and surgical factors.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Focused Shockwave Treatment for Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
Authors: Ramon Silvia , Russo Sergio , Santoboni Flavia , Lucenteforte Giacomo , Di Luise Carla , de Unzurrunzaga Rocio , Vetrano Mario , Albano Mariantonia , Baldini Rosella , Cugat Ramon , Stella Giulia , Balato Giovanni , Seijas Roberto , Nusca Sveva-Maria , Servodidio Valeria , Vulpiani Maria-Chiara
Published: February 2021

Background:

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a condition of lateral hip pain. Its physiopathology remains unknown, and there is no consensus on optimal management. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of electromagnetic-focused extracorporeal shockwave treatment (F-ESWT) in patients with GTPS.

Methods:

This multicenter clinical trial included 103 patients with chronic GTPS randomly assigned to the treatment group, consisting of electromagnetic F-ESWT and a specific exercise protocol, or the control group, receiving sham F-ESWT and the same exercise protocol. Both groups were treated with 3 weekly sessions; the F-ESWT group received an energy flux density of 0.20 mJ/mm2, whereas the control group received 0.01 mJ/mm2. Patients were assessed at baseline and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after treatment. A visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain at 2 months was the primary outcome. The Harris hip score (HHS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), EuroQoL-5 Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D), and Roles and Maudsley score were used as secondary outcomes. Complications were recorded.

Results:

The mean VAS score decreased from 6.3 at baseline in both groups to 2.0 in the F-ESWT group versus 4.7 in the control group at 2 months; the 2-month score differed significantly between groups (p < 0.001). All secondary outcomes at all follow-up intervals were significantly better in the F-ESWT group, except for the LEFS score at 1 month after treatment (p = 0.25). No complications were observed.

Conclusions:

F-ESWT in association with a specific exercise program is safe and effective for GTPS, with a success rate of 86.8% at 2 months after treatment, which was maintained until the end of follow-up.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Estimativa da produção de forragem em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens
Authors: Costa B. M. , Ledo C. A. S. , Silva M. C. , Teixeira V. I.
Published: February 2021

Objetivou-se comparar os métodos visual, da altura do relvado e do corte na estimativa da produção de forragem em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., em área do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas e Ambientais da UFRB. Nas estimativas de peso visual foram tomadas, dentro de uma moldura de ferro de 0,25 m2, 10 duplas amostras de peso visual (x) e real (y), sendo amostra 1= menor peso ou ausência de forragem; amostra 10= maior peso da forragem; amostras 2 a 9= pesos intermediários. Com os valores de estimativas visual (x) e real (y) realizou-se uma análise de regressão, observando-se uma relação linear entre as variáveis x e y pelo teste t (p
Doságem de cortisol sánguíneo em suínos submetidos áo mánejo pré-ábáte e insensibilizáção elétricá
Authors: Santana Á. P. , Murata L. S. , McManus C. P. , Bernal F. E. M.
Published: February 2021

Á dosagem de cortisol tem sido um parâmetro bastante utilizado atualmente para medir o nível de estresse de sistemas de criações de animais de produção. Neste trabalho foi realizada a dosagem da concentração de cortisol sanguíneo de suínos em terminação em descanso (grupo 1) e em suínos submetidos ao manejo e insensibilização elétrica pré-abate (grupo 2). No grupo de suínos abatidos a dosagem foi realizada no sangue obtido imediatamente após a insensibilização. Á média da concentração para os animais do grupo 1 foi de 21,70 ng/ml enquanto que para os animais do grupo 2 foi de 74,5 ng/ml, havendo diferença altamente significativa (p
Caracterización físico-productiva y tipologías de sistemas lecheros diversificados en la sierra de Ecuador
Authors: Guevara Viera R.V. , Lascano Armas P.J. , Arcos Álvarez C.N. , Guevara Viera G.E. , Torres Inga C.S. , Narváez Terán J.A. , Aguirre de Juana A.J. , Arcos Álvarez F.R. , Beltrán Romero C.F. , Soria Parra M.E. , Bravo Álvarez M.X. , Machuca Machuca D. , Guerrero Paredes F.M.
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar y establecer una tipología de sistemas ganaderos de Cotopaxi en el norte de la región Sierra en Ecuador. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante encuestas directas a 212 ganaderos y reflejan los principales aspectos técnicos, económicos y productivos de las explotaciones. La tipología fue establecida utilizando técnicas analíticas multivariantes. El análisis de Clusters reveló cuatro agrupamientos. Grupo I, definido como Granjas Pequeñas Familiares (GPF), Grupo II, como Granjas Medianas Familiares (GMF), Grupo III, como Granjas Medianas Familiares Tecnificadas (GMFT) y Grupo IV, como Granjas Muy Pequeñas Familiares (GMPF). Se aplicó un ANAVA. La evaluación indicó diferencias importantes en las explotaciones agrupadas a pesar de que se desarrollan en el mismo entorno agroclimático, operan en los mismos mercados y además, cuentan con información similar, el resultado es un variado universo de situaciones con variaciones relevantes entre sistemas medianos y pequeños por escala y en razón de sus superficies dedicadas a ganadería y a cultivos y sus resultados productivos y de eficiencia medida como ingresos por cada actividad y nivel de gastos.
Jeopolitik Risk Endeksinin Askeri Harcamalar Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: BUZDAĞLI Özge , ÖZDEMİR Dilek
Published: February 2021

Çalışmada jeopolitik risk endeksinin (GPR), askeri harcamalar üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. GPR’nin hesaplandığı 17 gelişmekte olan ülkeye ait 1993-2018 dönemi verilerinden yararlanılarak panel analiz yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Askeri harcamalar bağımlı değişken, GPR endeksi ise bağımsız değişken olarak ele alınmıştır. Kontrol değişkenler olarak da ihracat, ithalat ve kişi başı GSYH’ye yer verilmiştir. Westerlund (2007) eşbütünleşme testiyle değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığı saptandıktan sonra panel AMG tahmincisiyle uzun dönem katsayıları tahmin edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarında jeopolitik risk endeksindeki ve kişi başı gelirdeki artışların ülkelerin askeri harcamalarını arttırdığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca ihracattaki artışların da askeri harcamalarda azalışa neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İthalatın ise askeri harcamalar üzerinde istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir etkisi bulunamamıştır. Kısa dönem analizi için Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse (2011) tarafından geliştirilen nedensellik testi uygulanmış ve askeri harcamalar ile jeopolitik risk endeksi ve kişi başına GSYH arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Ancak ihracat ve ithalat ile askeri harcamalar arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanılmamıştır.
De la soledad a las ruinas. Lo siniestro y la crisis identitaria en el cine de Kiyoshi Kurosawa
Authors:   Universidad de Navarra, Muñoz Garnica Miguel
Published: February 2021

Se analizan tres películas del cineasta japonés Kiyoshi Kurosawa —Cure (1997), Pulse (Kairo, 2001) y Retribution (Sakebi, 2006)— bajo una perspectiva común: el sentido de desintegración o fin de la sociedad al que apunta su tratamiento visual del espacio urbano. Kurosawa recurre a narrativas de personajes solitarios que se alienan progresivamente de su entorno. A la par, sus planos reimaginan la ciudad de Tokio para convertirla en una prolongación y amplificación del estado mental de dichos personajes. Bien mediante representaciones en clave apocalíptica, o bien mediante las localizaciones de ruinas —cuyas escenas centran el análisis— que evocan reminiscencias fantasmales de la historia borrada de la ciudad. Tal imagen de Tokio ofrece su reverso siniestro, el inquietante vacío que queda tras despojarla de sus significantes posmodernos. Esta estrategia expresiva se relaciona con la crisis de identidad nacional que atravesó Japón en los noventa, fruto de una larga recesión. Ante el estancamiento del avance social y económico, Kurosawa filtra mediante sus mecanismos de género el extravío identitario y la memoria histórica soterrada.
Clinical Prognostic Model of Autophagy-Related LncRNA Genes in The Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC) to Predicting Overall Survival (OS) of The Patients：The Evidence From Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Wu Liusheng , Li Xiaoqiang , Liu Jixian , Wu Da , Wu Dingwang , Xu Pengcheng
Published: February 2021

Objective: Autophagy-related LncRNA genes play a vital role in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.Our study try to construct a prognostic model of autophagy-related LncRNA esophageal adenocarcinoma, and use this model to calculate patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. The survival risk value of esophageal adenocarcinoma can be used to evaluate its survival prognosis. At the same time, to explore the sites of potential targeted therapy genes to provide valuable guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma.Methods: Our study have downloaded 261 samples of LncRNA-related transcription and clinical data of 87 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma from the TCGA database, and 307 autophagy-related gene data from www.autuphagy.com. We applied R software (Version 4.0.2) for data analysis, merged the transcriptome LncRNA genes, autophagy-related genes and clinical data, and screened autophagy LncRNA genes related to the prognosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma. We also performed KEGG and GO enrichment analysis and GSEA enrichment analysis in these LncRNA genes to analysis the risk characteristics and bioinformatics functions of signal transduction pathways. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine the correlation between autophagy-related LncRNA and independent risk factors. The establishment of ROC curve facilitates the evaluation of the feasibility of predicting prognostic models, and further studies the correlation between autophagy-related LncRNA and the clinical characteristics of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Finally, we also used survival analysis, risk analysis and independent prognostic analysis to verify the prognosis model of esophageal adenocarcinoma.Results: We screened and identified 22 autophagic LncRNA genes that are highly correlated with the overall survival (OS) of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. The area under the ROC curve（AUC=0.941）and the calibration curve have a good lineup, which has statistical analysis value. In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the autophagy LncRNA feature of this esophageal adenocarcinoma is an independent predictor of esophageal adenocarcinoma.Conclusion: These LncRNA screened and identified may participate in the regulation of cellular autophagy pathways, and at the same time affect the tumor development and prognosis of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. These results indicate that risk signature and nomogram are important indicators related to the prognosis of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Telemedicine in The Context of Covid-19- A Qualitative Study of Cancer Patients and Clinicians
Authors: Kong Dylan Chan Tai , Chauhan Ashfaq , Leung Anaïs Tiffany Ah , Chin Melvin
Published: February 2021

Background:Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, telemedicine was only used to deliver health care to patients living in remote areas of Australia. However, the spread of the Covid-19 virus pushed the widespread uptake of telemedicine across Australia, including in metropolitan regions. This qualitative study will explore the medical oncology (MO) patient and clinician experience of telemedicine in a metropolitan setting as a result of Covid-19.Method:Participants were selected and invited to participate by theoretical sampling from MO clinicians and patients attending MO clinics at Prince of Wales Hospital. Data was collected by in-depth semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed to analyse the interview data. Transcripts were coded using the grounded theory approach to identify overarching themes.Results:Twelve participants were recruited to the study. Most participants viewed the adoption of telemedicine positively because it was considered as convenient, efficient and could be used in order to reduce the spread of Covid-19. Nonetheless, participants complained about the poor implementation of telemedicine, technical difficulties and lack of proper training. Finally, providers expressed mixed views over the lack of personal interaction and the lack of physical examination from telemedicine. However, both clinicians and patients viewed telemedicine as acceptable to be used in the context of routine follow-ups.Conclusion:Although some operational improvements are necessary, the role of telemedicine in the follow up of MO patients seems likely to continue beyond Covid-19.
Morphological Features of the Secretory Phase Endometrium in Women With Unexplained Infertility 
Authors: Karaoğlan Özdem , KUYUCU Yurdun , Ürünsak İbrahim , Gümürdülü Derya , Tap Özgül
Published: February 2021

Background: In this study, we evaluated the structural features of the endometrial tissues, the immunohistochemical expression of MUC-1, which plays an important role in implantation, and the biochemical markers during the implantation window. Methods: Randomly chosen 18 fertil and 18 infertil women, that have 27-32 days long menstrual cycle, normal hormonal values, normal USG findings of ovary and endometrium were included. Five, six, and seven days after ovulation, endometrial biopsies were taken and prepared in accordance with light and electron microscopy tissue preparation methods. Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine MUC-1 expression in the tissues. Serum hormone levels were determined. Results: The MUC-1 immunoreactivity, as well as the serum levels of FSH, LH, TSH, estrogen, progesterone, and total testosterone did not differ significantly between the two groups; however, prolactin levels were higher in the infertile group. In the infertile samples intraepithelial lymphocytes were frequently observed, the microvilli of the surface columnar epithelium were widespread, cells with pinopodes as well as vesiculated cells were minimal, pinopode development was insufficient, the development of the endometrial glands was deficient. Conclusions: Considering all these findings, it was concluded that these structural differences observed in the surface and glandular epithelium of the endometrium in infertile patients may be due to the insufficiency of these cells in responding to steroid hormones; therefore, these changes may affect the implantation of the blastocyst in the endometrium.
Function of miR-24 and miR-27 in Pediatric Patients With Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Ni Fen-fen , Liu Guang-lei , Jia shi-lei , Chen Ran-ran , Liu Li-bing , Li Cheng-rong , Yang Jun , Gao Xiao-jie
Published: February 2021

Background: The specific etiology and mechanism of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children remain unclear, so we investigated the pathogenesis of INS by measuring the effects two specific miRNAs on Th2 cells in children with this disease. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to measure the levels of Th2 cells and a cytometric bead array was used to measure the levels of IgE, interleukin (IL) -4, and IL-13. RT-PCR was used to measure the levels of miR-24 and miR-27 in CD4+TCD25− cells. PBMCs were isolated using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and transfected with different mimic or inhibitor miRNAs. RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of different RNAs, and flow cytometry was used to determine the percentages of Th2 cells. Results: Children with active INS had higher percentages of Th2 cells than healthy controls (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference for children in remission. The plasma levels of IgE, IL-4, and IL-13 were significantly increased in children with active INS (P<0.05). miR-24 and miR-27 were at lower levels in children with active non-atopic INS (P<0.05). Transfection experiments indicated that upregulation of each miRNA decreased the percentage of Th2 cells and the level of IL-4 (P<0.05), and down-regulation of each miRNA had the opposite effects (P<0.05). Conclusion: Children with active INS, with or without atopy, had higher levels of IgE, possibly related to their higher levels of IL-13 and IL-4 due to drift toward Th2 cells. miR-24 and miR-27 suppress the expression of Th2 cells and have a critical function in Th2 expression in INS.
Unbuttoning the Impact of N501Y Mutant RBD on viral Entry Mechanism: A Computational Insight
Authors: Sharma Tanuj , Baig Mohammad Hassan , Rahim Moniba , Dong Jae June , Cho Jae-Yong
Published: February 2021

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a serious global threat. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for this pandemic has imposed a severe burden on the medical settings. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is an important structural protein playing a key role in the viral entry. This protein is responsible for the receptor recognition and cell membrane fusion process. The recent reports of the appearance and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 strain has raised alarms. It was reported that this new variant containing the prominent active site mutation in the RBD (N501Y) was rapidly spreading within the population. The reported N501Y mutation within the spike's essential part, known as the ‘receptor-binding domain’ has raised several questions. Here in this study we have tried to explore the effect of N501Y mutation within the spike protein using several in silico approaches
WITHDRAWN: Cancer Incidence in the Population Residing Near Nuclear Power Plants in India, - A Study From Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai
Authors: Ganesh B , Bhise Mahadev , Dixit Rajesh , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Badwe Rajendra , Soaba Sushama , Cheulkar Sandhya , Sarade Monika , Kolekar Suvarna , Joshi Prachi , Lokhande Deepali , Mhatre Amruta , Dashmukhe Esha , Patil Ashwini , Padvi Narpat
Published: February 2021

Background: The very few research studies done on risk of cancer among population living vicinity of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) locations in India. This is first study to examine cancer incidence, Mortality and Tobacco related cancers in population living near to nuclear power plants (NPPs). Methods: All sites of cancer data collected during 2011-15 period from six population-based cancer registries established near to nuclear power plant locations in India. The statistical tools such as age-standardized rate (ASRs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMRs), Cumulative risk, mortality to incidence ratio, and probability of developing cancer is used to examine cancer burden among population near nuclear facilities. Results: The cancer incidence in population near NPPs are lower than the other non-NPP registries in India, and even national average. In males, mouth, tongue, oesophagus, larynx and lung are most common cancers; and breast, cervix and ovary are more predominate among females in all six NPP registries. Nearly, 50% of cancer are related to tobacco consummation in all registries. This study does not found any excess risk of cancer incidence in population living near to the nuclear facilities. Conclusion: Overall, our study findings are consistent with other well document studies on the risk of cancer among population near nuclear facilities. The main strength of this study is that this is first large study on cancer risk in population living near to NPPs areas. Also, this highlighted the need for the ecological study of multiple cancer types in the population living near nuclear facilities; and record linkage-based case-control study of cancer in children and adults near nuclear facilities.
Sex Differences in the Survival of Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A 10-year Outcome of the Q-Cohort Study
Authors: Tsujikawa Hiroaki , Yamada Shunsuke , Hiyamuta Hiroto , Taniguchi Masatomo , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Torisu Kumiko , Nakano Toshiaki , Kitazono Takanari
Published: February 2021

Background: A survival advantage of women is observed in the general population. However, inconsistent findings have been reported regarding this advantage in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of mortality, especially infection-related mortality, between male and female hemodialysis patients.Methods: A total of 3065 Japanese hemodialysis patients aged ≥18 years old were followed up for 10 years. Primary outcome was all-cause and infection-related mortality. The association between the sex and these outcomes were examined using Cox proportional hazards models.Results: During the median follow-up of 8.8 years, 1498 patients died of any cause, and 387 died of infection. Compared with men, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause and infection-related mortality in women were 0.51 (0.45–0.58) and 0.36 (0.27–0.47), respectively. This association remained significant even when the propensity score-matching or inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment methods were employed. Furthermore, even when the non-infection-related mortality was considered a competing risk, the infection-related mortality rate in women was still significantly lower than that in men.Conclusions: A female survival advantage over men is observed in Japanese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
Hookworm Infection in Stomach: A Case Report Found by Physical Examination 
Authors: Zhao Di , He Ronghua , Wang Yiqin , Jiang Hongyu
Published: February 2021

BackgroundHookworm disease is one of the most widely distributed parasitic diseases in the world. It is endemic in Europe, America, Africa and Asia[1]. The main clinical manifestations of hookworm disease are anemia, malnutrition, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and labor decline. It is caused by the parasites of Ancylostoma duodenale Dubini and (or) Necator americanus Stiles. The larvae can invade human capillaries through the skin or mucous membranes, enter the bloodstream, reach the lungs through the right heart, destroy the capillaries of the lungs, enter the alveoli, travel along the bronchi to the pharynx, enter the digestive tract and reach the small intestine after swallowing, and develop into adults in the upper part of the small intestine Attached to the intestinal mucosa[2]. MethodsWe described one case of a businesswomen who sufferd from persistent symptoms of anemia, weight loss, and fatigue for years. Anemia was not significantly improved after routine antianemia treatment. In order to further evaluate the cause of anemia, a gastroscopy was performed, and the microscope showed a single hookworm in the lower stomach. Diagnosis was confirmed by the successful funding of Hookworm eggs in the lining of excrement. Conclusions Hookworm is a human parasite transmitted through the faecal-oral route which reside the duodenal bulb normally[3]. Adult worms are not usually seen in the stomach. There are only few cases reporting hookworm infestation of the stomach. In this case report we present an endoscopic demonstration of hookworm infestation in the stomach found by physical examination of a woman who presented with chronic anaemia. For anaemia patients, especially chronic anaemia patients and those suspected of hookworm disease, gastroscopy should pay attention to the observation of duodenal globules and fecal search for eggs, which are conducive to the early diagnosis of hookworm disease.