bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential transcriptome analysis and identification of genes related to resistance to blight in three varieties of Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis
Authors: Luo Fengying , Fang Xinmei , Liu Han , Zhu Tianhui , Han Shan , Peng Qi , Li Shujiang
Published: October 2021

Background

Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis is a fast-growing bamboo that is widely introduced in southern China and has great economic and ecological benefits. In recent years, a blight of B. pervariabilis × D. grandis caused by Arthrinium phaeospermum has led to much branch damage and even death of entire bamboo forests.

Methods

To screen for resistance genes in B. pervariabilis × D. grandis, transcriptome sequencing technology was used to compare the gene expression profiles of different varieties of B. pervariabilis × D. grandis with variable resistance and the same varieties under different treatments. The Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) database; the Gene Ontology (GO) database; and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database were used to annotate and analyse the differentially expressed genes.

Results

A total of 26,157 and 11,648 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the different varieties after inoculation with A. phaeospermum and the same varieties after inoculation A. phaeospermum or sterile water, respectively. There were 23 co-upregulated DGEs and 143 co-downregulated DEGs in #3 and #8, #6 and #8, #6 and #3. There were 50 co-upregulated DGEs and 24 co-downregulated DEGs in the same varieties after inoculation A. phaeospermum or sterile water. The results showed that many genes involved in cell wall composition synthesis, redox reactions and signal transduction were significantly different after pathogen infection. Twenty-one candidate genes for blight resistance, such as pme53, cad5, pod, gdsl-ll and Myb4l, were found. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the sequencing results, verifying their authenticity. These results provide a foundation for the further exploration of resistance genes and their functions.
Reliability of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire among Head Teachers from Schools in Uganda
Authors: Bukenya Richard , Ekesa Beatrice , Andrade Jeanette M. , Grigsby-Toussaint Diana S. , Mugabi Robert , Muyonga John , Andrade Juan E.
Published: October 2021

Valid and reliable questionnaires are necessary to improve the existence and quality of nutrition information, which determines interventions in low-resource settings, especially among decision makers and change agents.

The present study evaluated the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the data collected among 255 head teachers from schools in Mukono and Wakiso districts in Uganda using a general nutrition knowledge questionnaire (GNKQ) earlier developed. Cronbach alpha (α) was used to determine internal consistency. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and intraclass correlation coefficient were used to measure test-retest dependability on scores (ICC2,1).

Overall internal consistency on 94 items was α = 0.89 at time one and 0.92 at time two. All items yielded data with a satisfactory internal consistency (α > 0.7). Two domains, Expert advice (ICC = 0.64) and Selecting food (ICC = 0.41), were determined to have insufficient test-retest reliability (r < 0.7 and ICC = 0.7), and their items were removed from the next analyses. The remaining nutrition knowledge topics with adequate test-retest reliability were food groupings (ICC = 0.9), nutrition and sickness (ICC = 0.91), and food fortification (ICC = 0.95). According to the findings, the prototype nutrition knowledge questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

These findings indicate that the previously established questionnaire can be used to assess general nutrition knowledge among head teachers. To boost generalizability, future studies could use the questionnaire on a different group of adults.
Integration of Creative Arts in English Class IV ‘B’ for Effective Learning
Authors: Wangchukv Thinley
Published: October 2021

This Action Research was conducted in a Primary School in Paro, particularly for class IV ‘B’ in the English lesson. The main aim of this Action Research was to help students learn better with the integration of creative arts in the English lesson. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach blended with Kemmis & Mc Taggart’s and Maxwell’s model of action research [1]. The observation tool such as (checklists, video recording, and field notes)are used for data collection. The checklist was used to assess the learning of students with and without the integration of creative arts in the English lesson. Video recording to review the lesson that has been taught so that we can interpret the data more effectively. On the other, field notes were used for comparing and analyzing the data that has been collected and as a reference while interpreting data collected. The three different strategies such as; using Readers Theater, Storyboard, and visual arts (flashcard) in teaching literature (short story, poem, and essay). The triangulation of three sources of data showed that the learning of students improve through the integration of creative arts. However, I saw some factors hindering the improvement such as structured curriculum, teaching pedagogy, time constraint, and learner’s social and family background.
Association between Mother’s Literacy and INFANT & Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices and Nutritional Status of Urban under 5 Year Children
Authors: Nakte Reshma , Arlappa Nimmathota , Arunakumari Tata , Balakrishna Nagalla
Published: October 2021

Aim: To assess the association of mother’s literacy status with infant & young child feeding (IYCF) practices and nutritional status of urban under 5 year children.

Methods: A community based cross- sectional study was carried out among 356 urban children under 5 years from 30 randomly selected Anganwadi Centres (AWCs) in Hyderabad, during 2017-18. The information regarding infant & young child feeding (IYCF) practices was obtained from the mothers of under 5 year children. Anthropometric measurements such as height and weight of all the children were measured adopting standard procedures and using standard anthropometric equipment.

Results: About half of the mothers reportedly initiated breast feeding to their newborns within one hour of birth. The proportion of mothers fed pre-lacteals and colostrum to newborn was 35% and 96% respectively. A higher proportion of literate mothers (45.1%) exclusively breast fed their infants for the first 6 months as compared to their illiterate counterparts (32.9%). Significantly a higher proportion (63.3%) of literate mothers initiated complementary feeding to their infants soon after completion of 6 months as against 50% in illiterate mothers (p<0.05). The proportion of children with undernutrition i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting was 38.5%, 40.6% and 16.8%, respectively. The prevalence of underweight and stunting was significantly (p<0.05) higher among the children of illiterate mothers as compared to literate mothers.

Conclusion: In general, mother’s literacy was significantly associated with the IYCF practices as well as nutritional status of their children. Therefore, respective Governments should initiate appropriate measures to increase female literacy levels in India.
Mathematical Modeling of Transmission Dynamics with Periodic Contact Rate and Control by Different Vaccination Rates of Hepatitis B Infection in Ghana
Authors: Abubakar Ali , Borkor Reindorf Nartey , Musah Anas , Owusu Frank Kofi
Published: October 2021

The paper evidenced that Hepatitis B infection is the world's deadliest liver infection and Vaccination is among the principal clinical strategies in fighting it. These have encouraged a lot of researchers to formulate mathematical models to accurately predict the mode of transmission and make deductions for better health decision-making processes. In this paper, an SEIR model is used to model the transmission of the Hepatitis B infection with periodic contact rate and examine the impact of vaccination. The model was validated using estimated data in Ghana and simulated in a MATLAB environment. The results showed that the vaccination rate has a great impact on the transmission mode of the Hepatitis B infection and the periodic contact rate may lead to a chaotic solution which could result in an uncontrolled spreading of the infection. It is concluded that even if the vaccination rate is 70%, the infection rate would reduce to the minimum barest so more newborns must be vaccinated.
Increased Graft Survival through Ectonucleotidases Modulation in Platelets and Lymphocytes of Kidney Transplanted Patients
Authors: Mânica Aline , Oliveira Maciel Sarah Franco Vieira de , Guedes Ribeiro Maiara Vanusa , Paiz Alessandra , Ribeiro Bizuti Matheus , Dulce Bagatini Margarete , Resende e Silva Débora Tavares de
Published: October 2021

Background: despite limited long-term survival, kidney transplantation is the best form of renal replacement therapy for terminal disease patients. Components of extracellular purinergic signaling plays a fundamental role on inﬂammation and immune response related to organ transplantation. They could be alternative targets to avoid graft rejection.

Materials and Methods: The hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and AMP nucleotides was analyzed in both lymphocytes and platelets, as well as the quantification of ATP and ADA activity. A sample of 30 patients who underwent kidney transplants was obtained, of which 15 had a transplant time of less than one year (acute response) and 15 had a transplant time between one and three years (chronic response).

Results: In the group with transplantation time between one and three years, it was possible to identify a significant decrease in the amount of ATP, increase in ATP hydrolysis in platelets, decrease in AMP hydrolysis and increase in ADA activity, also in platelets. In the lymphocyte sample, there was a significant reduction in ADA activity as well as a decrease in the amount of ATP.

Conclusions: From the data obtained in the study, it can be inferred that adenosine can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, providing greater graft survival and reducing the intensity of graft-versus-host disease. ATP signaling exerts inflammatory effects and modulates the purinergic signaling cascade, offering new avenues for drug therapies to combat chronic graft rejection.
Effect of Grape Seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) and Mandarin Peels (Citrus reticulate L.) Extracts on the Cardiotoxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Rats
Authors: Mohamed Hanan Kamal , Abd El-Fattah Hanaa Mostafa , Barakat Heba , A. Ahmed Kawkab , Mousa Galal Sahar
Published: October 2021

Aims: The current study was developed to investigate the influence of grape seeds (GS) and mandarin peels (MP) extracts as powerful antioxidants on the cardiotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in rats.

Place of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University.

Methodology: Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Group (1): Rats were received distilled water daily orally for 6 weeks and injected interperitoneally (i.p) with saline (0.9 %) (2.5 ml / kg BW) as single dose at the end of the sixth week of experiment. Group (2): Rats were received distilled water orally and injected with single dose of cyclophosphamide which dissolved in saline (200 mg/kg BW. i.p.) at the end of the sixth week of experiment. Groups (3 and 4):  Rats were received grape seeds extracts low and high doses (150 and 300 mg /kg BW), respectively daily orally for 6 weeks then injected with cyclophosphamide as group 2. Groups (5 and 6): Rats were received mandarin peels extracts low and high doses (150 and 300 mg /kg BW), respectively daily orally for 6 weeks then injected with cyclophosphamide as group 2.

Results: Our results documented that CP caused a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) enzymes activity and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level. While total antioxidant capacity level (TAC) showed a significant decrease. On the other hand cardiac catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and cardiac β cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) level showed a significant decrease in CP group while cardiac p53, caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation levels showed a significant increase in CP intoxicated group. Also, some histopathological changes were observed in liver and heart tissues in CP group. Oral administration of GS and MP caused an ameliorative effect in oxidative and apoptotic biomarkers, liver and heart function enzymes activity with an improvement of histopathological changes in liver and heart tissues.

Conclusion: Our data proved that the protective effect of grape seeds and mandarin peels in cyclophosphamide intoxicated group may be due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti- apoptotic properties.
Effect of Organic Nutrients and Growth Regulators on Yield and Quality of Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L)
Authors: Angel Y. , Vignesh Kumar A. , Abinaya S.
Published: October 2021

An Investigation was conducted to study the effect of organic inputs and growth regulators on yield and quality of goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) was conducted at the floricultural unit, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University during 2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments, various organic inputs and growth regulators including panchagavya @ 3%, vermiwash 1:5 dilutions, humic acid @ 0.2%, GA3 @ 250 ppm, NAA @ 250 ppm were applied. The yield and quality characters were studied at different stages. The observations recorded viz., yield of flower stalks/ha, days to first flowering, length of flower stalks and weight of individual flower stalks. The  results revealed that plants treated with NAA @ 250 ppm + panchagavya @ 3% (T9) was observed highest flower stalk yield (1140.02 flower stalks/ha), No. of flower stalks/plant (24.48), weight of individual flower stalks, days to first flowering. Considering the overall performance, it was found that the plants treated with NAA @ 250ppm + Panchagavya @ 3% recorded better performance with regard to growth, yield and quality characters.
Microbiological Quality Assessment and Identification of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria at Different Stages of the Milk Supply Chain in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
Authors: Nowar Abira , Ismail Ila , Binte Iqbal Raisa , Rumi Alim Sharmin
Published: October 2021

Aims: Milk works as an excellent medium for bacterial growth and can turn into a fatal source of food borne diseases when consumed without pasteurization. This study was carried out to examine the microbiological quality of milk from three different points of milk supply chain to investigate whether the dairy stakeholders are maintaining the consumer safety or not.

Study Design: A cross sectional study

Place and Duration: The study took place at the Food Microbiology lab of Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka from November 2019 to February 2020.

Methodology: A total of 60 samples were studied including raw milk from collection centers, unpackaged pasteurized milk from processing plants and packaged pasteurized milks from retail shops. After carrying out the microbiological analysis the samples were examined for determining the total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC). Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using disk diffusion assay and detection of virulent gene in Salmonella spp. was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using specific invA primer.

Results: The results revealed that all raw milk samples were substandard in terms of TBC and TCC and pasteurized milks from processing plants maintained the standard quality. Importantly, packaged pasteurized milk samples from retail shops had high TBC (>4.0× 104 CFU/mL) and TCC (1.2×103 CFU/mL) containing Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus and E. coli. Bacteria like Salmonella (75%), Proteus (62.5%) and Vibrio (62.5%) possessed high Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index and showed resistance towards antibiotics namely Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin and Colistin. Through further molecular analysis we detected invA virulent gene one of the Salmonella isolates which was collected from the pasteurized milk samples of the retail shops.

Conclusion: High bacterial load in raw milk and packaged pasteurized milk indicate that the milk we consume is substandard in microbiological quality. Precautionary measurements and careful processing of milk may reduce the prevalence of microbiological contamination in the milk supply chain.
Failure of Public Building Projects: An Investigation of Abandoned Hospital Projects in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ikechukwu Uche Felix , Ozuzu John Chiagoghalamuoke
Published: October 2021

Failure and abandonment of government projects have been a global phenomenon. The study aims at evaluating factors involved in the abandonment of the proposed hospital building projects in the 27 local government areas in Imo State, Nigeria; with a view to developing a framework that will be used as a guide to revive the abandoned health facilities. Among the specific objectives is to evaluate the factors responsible for the abandonment, compare the performance of the procurement method used for the hospital project with other procurement methods, and to assess the effects of the abandoned hospital projects on the socio-economy and environment of Imo state. The targeted population includes the 4 members of the community government Council (CGC) and the building production professionals in the study area. Field survey research method was adopted for collection of both parametric and non parametric data. Ranking of the factors of abandonment was done using the Relative Importance Index (RII), student t-test and ANOVA were use to carry out tests on differences amongst variables of two and more than two sample populations respectively. Chi-square test was used to ascertain dependency of factors of casual relationships. Findings show that the three most significant factors that could cause the abandonment of the hospital project are; poor project implementation, negative politics practiced by the government, and inadequate structure to ensure continuity of projects. The study also finds that the failure of the abandoned project does not depend on the procurement method used. Again, the condition of contract used on the abandoned hospital project is deficient. Lowering of living standard, lack of trust on the government by the citizenry, and visual defects of the environmental are the three most significant implications of the abandoned hospital projects on the socio-economy and environment of the Imo state are. The study however succeeds in developing a framework which can be used as a guide to revive the abandoned hospital project in Imo state; through integration of structure for developmental continuity from one administration to the other, and independent body of monitoring and implementation responsibilities. It is therefore recommended that the ingredient contained in the frame work be applied in the study area.
Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and larvicidal Potential in Oxalis latifolia Kunth. Methanolic Leaf Extract
Authors: Krishnan R. Gopi , Murugesh S.
Published: October 2021

Aims: The current work was analyzed in antioxidants, cytotoxicity and larvicidal potential were examined for O. latifolia methanolic leaf extract.

Methodology: Antioxidant assasy for Hydroxyl radical (H2O2). Cytotoxicity potential was studied against colon (HT-29). Culex quinquefasciatus  (IVth instar) larvae was used for larvicidal test.

Results: Antioxidant and cytotoxicity exhibits significant activities with IC50 value of 442.94 µg/mL and also the cytotoxicity activity IC50 values of 50.00μg/mL for HT-29. Larval mortality against the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus showed best activity with LC50 09.50mg/L and LC90 28.72 mg/L.

Conclusion: Thus, this study proved that methanolic leaf extracts of O. latifolia have significant biological activities. Hence, it can be used for pharmacetutical applications.
Comparative Evaluation of Antipyretic Activity of an Ayurvedic Herbo-mineral Formulation Dhatryadi Churna and Its Modified Dosage form in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Rathi Bharat , Shelke Sanket , Rathi Renu , Awari Devyani
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Experimental studies are essential and expected part of a new drug development. The studies are conducted to know about the toxic effects (if any), produced by the drug & to access safety of the drug. Studies also help to ascertain the efficacy of the drug & measures to be taken so as to curtail the toxic effects.

Aim & Objective: Study was aimed to do comparative evaluation of antipyretic activity of an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation Dhatryadi Churna and its modified dosage form in experimental albino rats.

Materials and Methods: Present study was carried out at Animal house attached with the Institute. 24 healthy Albino wistar rats of either sex weighing 180-200 gm were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups. Pyrexia was induced in rat by subcutaneous injection of 10 mL/kg b.w. of a 20% aqueous suspension of brewer's yeast.  The trial drug Dhatryadi Churna and Dhatryadi Vati administered orally in the form of suspension to the albino rats.

Observation and Results: The present result shows that the Dhatryadi Churna (DC) and Dhatryadi Vati (DV) have a significant antipyretic effect in yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Hematological parameters were found to be within the normal biological and laboratory limits on comparison with the values of the control group.

Conclusion: Dhatryadi churna and Dhatryadi Vati does not show significant adverse effects on the blood, blood cells, and target organs at the doses used and can be safely used in human being.
Application of Elements of Quality by Design to Development and Optimization of HPLC Method for Fingolimod
Authors: Ansari Siddique Akber , Deshpande Mrinmayee , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Ahmed Sarfaraz , Ansari Irfan Aamer
Published: October 2021

Purpose: A HPLC method for Fingolimod was developed using a Quality by Design concept. QbD has gained importance in recent times due to regulatory requirements. Actual study was started after determination of target profile and qualification of instrument.

Methods: Separation was carried on a Grace C-8 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5-μm particle size).The composition of mobile phase was methanol and 20 mM ammonium formate buffer of pH5.8 in gradient mode HPLC method development is affected by critical factors like pH, flow rate and mobile phase composition.

Results: To study the effects of these three factors on USP tailing, Box Behnken optimization model was applied. Desirability of the model was set at Tailing less than 1.2.Analysis of results was done using surface diagrams. Verification of Software generated results was done by taking six replicates of the run. Thus developed and optimised method was Finally validated as per ICH guideline.

Conclusion: A Quality by Design approach has been successfully utilised in method development of the Fingolimod in bulk. All key aspect of QbD were tried to be implemented in said study.

Systematic approach was utilized for method development which includes beginning with determination of target profile characteristics, instrument qualification, risk assessment, design of experiment and validation.

Three factors i.e. Ph, flow rate and methanol concentration were analysed for their effect on USP tailing as a responce. Interaction and quadratic effect of the factors were studied with least possible runs by using Box Behnken model. Response surface diagrams and contour plots were studied for coming to conclusion which factors are affecting response and their limits were recorded. Optimum run condition was obtained; Replicates of run having optimized condition were taken to confirm the predicted response with actual response.
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Usage of Them among Saudi Population: Knowledge and Attitude Assessment
Authors: Algamdi Khalid A. , Aldajam Muteb A. , Alanazi Fadiyah D. , Rajab Alya M. , Alshammari Rasha S. , Almohaimeed Muhannad A. , Alzahrani Khames T.
Published: October 2021

Aims: To measure knowledge and attitude among the Saudi population about non-steroidal inflammatory drugs.

Study Design: This is an observational cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in the north region of Saudi Arabia between June 2020 and July 2021.

Methodology: The data collection done by using an electronic questionnaire. Total sample size of 1018 participants, aged between 15-60, Female and Male, agree to participate. Each person meeting the inclusion criteria was provided informed consent, explaining the study aim, and ensuring the confidentiality of information. Data were obtained by filling out the designed Questionnaire.

Results: A total of 1018 participants completed the survey questionnaire. About 81% of the study participants stated that they have a history of analgesic use without physician prescription in the past six months. More than 30% of participants stated that the pharmacist is the frequent source of recommendation about medication. The most common indication for the participants to use analgesia was headache followed by insomnia.

Conclusion: The awareness and attitude of the participants to NSAIDs' usage and its complications was not that adequate. Paracetamol was the most usually used analgesic. It must to teach and strengthen the awareness among citizens about the proper method to use NSAIDs.
Positive Outcomes of Comprehensive Exercise Program on Restoration of Functional Level and Quality of Life in a Patient with Rheumatic Heart Disease Undergone Mitral Valve Replacement: A Case Report
Authors: Patel Leksha Atul , Yadav Vaishnavi Dilip , Jain Moli Jai , Wadhokar Om C.
Published: October 2021

Heart disease due to valvular anomaly has increased prevalence along with increasing age. Rheumatic heart disease is a condition in which the heart valves have been permanently damaged post rheumatic fever. The operative management including reparation or substitution with prosthetic valve is the main therapy. Still becoming question mark either rehabilitation program is beneficence for the patient undergoing valvular surgery. We report a patient with severe mitral valve regurgitation, moderate mitral stenosis, moderate tricuspid regurgitation, and severe pulmonary artery hypertension secondary to Rheumatic Heart Disease. He underwent Mitral valve replacement surgery and advised post-operative physiotherapy which comprises 2 weeks of phase I cardiac rehabilitation, a home exercise program after discharge, and follow-up after 2 weeks. During follow up patient has a high level of independence, improvement in quality of life, and early return to work.
A Rare and Challenging Patient of Infantile Haemangioma: Case Report
Authors: Varma Ashish Ramesh , Varma Anuj Ramesh , Naqvi Waqar M. , Banait Tanvi Shashank , Shinde Shreyashee Sunil , Wadhokar Om Chandrakant
Published: October 2021

Infantile haemangioma is a condition seen in premature babies, it develops as a birth mark that grows in size commonly seen on back, chest, scalp, the swelling is characterised by bleeding or oozing. In such patients primary concern is any ill effects due to medical condition and secondary concern is cosmetic. A 9 month old baby brought to the hospital with complaints of swelling on the back with oozing. The patient was given IV propranolol for 1 year. And wound care was taught along with ergonomic education for ADLS. The study suggests that the use of IV propranolol shows significant reduction in the swelling and oozing from the swelling.
Evaluate the Effectiveness of Reminiscence Therapy
Authors: Bharathi A. R.
Published: October 2021

Background: The aging begun with the birth and observed as a continuous change in different phases of life due to weakening of the body function with respect to the time and quantity. Aging also causes a continuous stress on the adaptive response and indirectly enhance the disease conditions. The adaptive childhood degree is more important to the man for his well- being and happiness. But, due to stress increasing, a strong decreased adoptability led to the increase of the inner withdrawal,bitterness, weariness of life and depression are the results of failure to adapt.

Methodology: The geriatrics eventually lead to depressed state and lack a prominentsupport. The current study aimed to analyze efficiency of the Reminiscence based therapy in aged and depressed people. The present work was based on quasi experimental nonequivalent control group designin selected senior citizen home, Chennai.Of 64 samples, experimental group (31)and control group (33) using Non-probability, purposive- sampling technique and measured based on Yesavage geriatric depression scale.

Results: Continuously, twenty-one days, two session per day (morning and evening) the experimental group were demonstrated with Reminiscence therapy. Reminiscence therapy characteristically having non-pharmacological psychosocial intervention for depression remedy. The results showed the significant difference in degree of depression between the two groups.

Conclusion: As conclusion, the study showed that reminiscence therapy had tremendously decreases the depression and elevated the well-being feeling in elder people.
Isolation of Microbes Associated With Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Keypads Studied at Rumuokoro Port Harcourt, Rivers State
Authors: Anele B. C. , Ikeh I. M. , Stanley H. O.
Published: October 2021

The keypads of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) are subjected to several microbial contaminations due to their large dermal contact by numerous users and different personal hygiene practice. The study investigated the bacterial diversity and level of contamination obtainable on the ATM keypads during transactions and antibiotics susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The population of culturable bacterial isolates was determined by plating. Isolates were characterized culturally, morphologically and biochemically. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. The total culturable heterotrophic bacterial counts ranssged from 5.23 to 9.25 log cfu/g. The bacterial identified and frequency of occurrence is Staphylococcus aureus (17.5%), Escherichia coli (22.5%), Bacillus spp (17.5%), Salmonella spp (10.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.0%), Proteus spp (7.5%) and Klebsiella spp (15.0%) respectively. Staphylococcus aureus were more susceptible to Chloramphenicol (37mm) and were more resistant to Rifampicin (00mm) and Levofloxacin (00mm) respectively. The Gram negative isolates in the study were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin and more resistant to ceporex, nalidixic acid, septrin and ampicillin respectively.  The highest gram negative isolates that showed more susceptible to all the used gram negative antibiotics were Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp while the lowest were Klebsiella spp and Proteus spp respectively. The study has revealed that bacterial contamination on ATM keypads is of health significance and could result to public health challenges if not properly managed. Therefore, adequate hand- washing hygienic practices and cleaning agents are advocated towards reducing the related ill- health among ATM users.
Instrument Development for Investigating Students' Intention to Participate in Online Discussion Forums: Cross-Cultural and Context Adaptation Using SEM
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Hasani Lintang , Santoso Harry ,   Universitas Indonesia, Junus Kasiyah ,   Universitas Indonesia
Published: October 2021

There is a need to investigate student intention to participate in online discussion forums in the context of online collaborative learning due to the importance of student participation and the widespread student inactivity reported in some studies. Student participation in online discussion forums could be predicted by the constructs included in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This paper presents a cross-cultural adaptation (CCA) and validation of a questionnaire based on TPB for analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The CCA was conducted to adapt the English items included in the questionnaire for use in an Indonesian context. This is part of our study on factors that affect student intention to participate in online discussion forums. The rationale for conducting a CCA was the need to cater to the different characteristics of the language and the cultural backgrounds of the participants of this study in comparison to the participants involved in the construction of the original measurement items. The adaptation and the validation of the questionnaire involved a literature review, back-translation, an expert review, pretesting, and a statistical validation test to ensure its reliability and validity. The result shows that the adapted instrument is valid and reliable to be used for further SEM analysis (i.e., structural model evaluation). Moreover, this paper demonstrates that expert-reviewed adaptation and the back-translation method could produce valid and reliable measurement items for SEM. Therefore, future studies that utilize SEM with cross-cultural adapted items from relevant prior studies should consider adopting expert-reviewed adaptation and back-translation methods.
Ninguém nasce homem, torna-se homem:as masculinidades no corpo e o corpo nas práticas curriculares das masculinidades
Authors: Vale Caetano Marcio Rodrigo , Da Silva Júnior Paulo Melgaço , Hernandez Jimena de Garay
Published: October 2021

Nas atuais configurações sociais, graças aos avanços tecnológicos e as possibilidades proporcionadas com a globalização, acessamos e somos seduzidos e seduzidas por vários estilos de vida que interpelam nossa projeçãode gênero e influenciam na forma como nos percebemos e nos articulamos nas redes de sociabilidade. Como uma dessas consequências, a identidade masculina vem sendo interpelada, problematizada e desestabilizada por outras formas de vivê-la. A sua projeção unívoca identificada na apresentação branca, racional, heterossexual e judaico-cristã vem sendo fragmentada e, em suas brechas, emergem outras configurações, sobretudo após a crítica feminista ao universalismo e a emergência dos movimentos sociais de lésbicas e gays. Neste trabalho, a partir da observação e as anotações de conversas informais consideradas significantes, percorremos, balizados nos estudos culturais, os modos com que os jovens da periferia do Rio de Janeiro- Brasil constroem suas masculinidades e como elas são vividas nasescolas. Ao investigar as práticas curriculares, constatamos que, independente do entendimento de que as identidades são temporárias e contraditórias, elas se configuram em diálogo com os instrumentos educacionais que ensinam formas de ser e de viver a identidade de gênero. Durante a investigação vivenciamos a percepção de que a categoria ‘masculinidade’ foi ampliada e que sua projeção trouxe outros arranjos sexuais interagindo e criando tensões na escola.
Sobre la hermenéutica genitalista y sus autentificaciones sexo-genéricas: reflexiones pedagógicas para una crítica de sus condiciones institucionales de perpetuidad
Authors: Péchin Juan
Published: October 2021

O artigo apresenta um exercício argumentativo, que tenta recuperar a natureza performativa das chamadas pedagogias queer. Este começa com um trabalho epistemológico sobre os usos performativos da etnografia crítica com o objetivo de propor uma série de reflexões pedagógicas sobre a institucionalização do sistema sexo-gênero. Considerando-se o relato autobiográfico de um debate em uma classe da faculdade, são analisados o impacto e os desafios das novas leis sobre o casamento, independentemente do sexo de seus cônjuges (2010) e da identidade de género (2012) em relação ao Programa Nacional de Educação Sexual Integral em vigor desde 2006 na Argentina.
Unraveling the Charge Storage and Activity‐Enhancing Mechanisms of Zn‐Doping Perovskite Fluorides and Engineering the Electrodes and Electrolytes for Wide‐Temperature Aqueous Supercabatteries
Authors: Jia Ziyang , Ding Rui , Yu Wujiang , Li Yi , Wang Ailin , Liu Miao , Yang Feng , Sun Xiujuan , Liu Enhui
Published: October 2021

Herein, a trimetallic Ni–Co–Zn perovskite fluoride (ABF3) (denoted as KNCZF) electrode material is explored for advanced aqueous supercabatteries (ASCBs), with KNCZF and activated carbon–FeBiCu@reduced graphene oxides (AC–FeBiCu@rGO) as cathode and anode, respectively, which outperform aqueous supercapacitors (ASCs) and batteries (ABs) with AC and FeBiCu@rGO anodes because of the synergistic effect of pseudocapacitive (KNCZF), capacitive (AC), and faradaic (FeBiCu@rGO) responses. One of the important findings is that the KNCZF shows a typical bulk phase conversion mechanism for charge storage in the alkaline media with the transition of ABF3 perovskite nanocrystals into amorphous metal oxides/(oxy)hydroxides nanosheets, showing the redox‐active and redox‐inert roles for the Ni/Co and Zn species, respectively, which can be deduced by various ex‐situ techniques. Another interesting finding is that the redox‐inert Zn species largely enhance the activity of Ni/Co redox‐active species in the ABF3 materials, mainly owing to the promotion of surface electroactive sites, adsorption of OH−, and charge transfer of surface Ni/Co atoms by Zn‐doping, which can be proved by ex‐situ characterizations and theoretical calculations. Overall, this study reveals the structure–activity relationship and charge storage mechanisms of Zn‐doping ABF3 materials for advanced ASCBs, showing a great impact on developing advanced electrochemical energy storage.
Elemental Topological Dirac Semimetal α‐Sn with High Quantum Mobility
Authors: Anh Le Duc , Takase Kengo , Chiba Takahiro , Kota Yohei , Takiguchi Kosuke , Tanaka Masaaki
Published: October 2021

α‐Sn provides an ideal avenue to investigate novel topological properties owing to its rich diagram of topological phases and simple elemental material structure. Thus far, however, the realization of high‐quality α‐Sn remains a challenge, which limits the understanding of its quantum transport properties and device applications. Here, epitaxial growth of α‐Sn on InSb (001) with the highest quality thus far is presented. The studied samples exhibit unprecedentedly high quantum mobilities of both the surface state (30 000 cm2 V−1 s−1), which is ten times higher than the previously reported values, and the bulk heavy‐hole state (1800 cm2 V−1 s−1), which is never obtained experimentally. These excellent features allow quantitative characterization of the nontrivial interfacial and bulk band structure of α‐Sn via a thorough investigation of Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations combined with first‐principles calculations. The results firmly identify that α‐Sn grown on InSb (001) is a topological Dirac semimetal (TDS). Furthermore, a crossover from the TDS to a 2D topological insulator and a subsequent phase transition to a trivial insulator when varying the thickness of α‐Sn are demonstrated. This work indicates that α‐Sn is an excellent model system to study novel topological phases and a prominent material candidate for topological devices.
Aggregation‐induced demulsification triggered by the hydrophilic fabric for the separation of highly emulsified oil droplets from water
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Rong , Meng Bi‐Wei , Hao Bin , Ma Peng‐Cheng
Published: October 2021

A functional fabric with hierarchical structure consisting of basalt fibre fabric as a substrate and polyvinyl alcohol as a coating was developed, aiming at providing a low cost and high‐performance way to separate highly emulsified oil in water. The coating functioned as a hydrophilic gate for the penetration of water in the emulsion, whereas the micro‐channels formed in the fabric offered capillary force for the continuous flow of water. The synergy of these two materials led to the increase on the oil concentration in the liquid, which in turn enhanced the collision of emulsified oil droplets to aggregate into large ones in the emulsion and resulted separation from the water. Based on these findings, an aggregation‐induced demulsification process was proposed to explain the above phenomenon, and the mechanism was confirmed by studying the distribution of oil droplets in emulsion with a controlled separation degree.
Vacancy Modulating Co3Sn2S2 Topological Semimetal for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Zhu Yongbin , Jiang Feng , Li Yiyao , Meng You , Guo Ying , Li Qing , Huang Zhaodong , Zhang Shaoce , Zhang Rong , Ho Johnny C. , Zhang Qianfan , Liu Weishu , Zhi Chunyi
Published: October 2021

Weyl semimetals (WSMs) with high electrical conductivity and suitable carrier density near the Fermi level are enticing candidates for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs), meriting from topological surface states (TSSs). We propose a WSM Co3Sn2S2 cathode for AZIBs showing a discharge plateau around 1.5 V. By introducing Sn vacancies, extra redox peaks from the Sn4+/Sn2+ transition appear, which leads to more Zn2+ transfer channels and active sites promoting charge‐storage kinetics and Zn2+ storage capability. Co3Sn1.8S2 achieves a specific energy of 305 Wh kg−1 (0.2 Ag−1) and a specific power of 4900 Wkg−1 (5 Ag−1). Co3Sn1.8S2 and ZnxCo3Sn1.8S2 benefit from better conductivity at lower temperatures; the quasi‐solid Co3Sn1.8S2//Zn battery delivers 126 mAh g−1 (0.6 Ag−1) at −30 °C and a cycling stability over 3000 cycles (2 Ag−1) with 85 % capacity retention at −10 °C.
Zur Ortbeton‐Ergänzung einschaliger Halbfertigteilwände
Authors: Fasching Stephan , Stoiber Michael , Rath Michael , Kollegger Johann
Published: October 2021

Am Institut für Tragkonstruktionen der Technischen Universität Wien wird derzeit an einem neuen Bauverfahren für vorgespannte Hohlkastenbrücken geforscht, wobei dünnwandige Halbfertigteile zum Einsatz kommen, die das Gewicht im Bauzustand erheblich reduzieren. Das geringste Eigengewicht wird bei der Verwendung einschaliger Wände für die Stege des Hohlkastens im Bauzustand erreicht. Diese Arbeit behandelt Untersuchungen zur Ergänzung von solchen einschaligen Halbfertigteilwänden mit Ortbeton, wobei drei Lösungsvorschläge, mit Spritzbeton, konventioneller Schalung und eine Lösung, die in ihrer Wirkung einer Doppelwand entspricht, präsentiert werden. Diese wurden praktisch erprobt, an Bohrkernen die Betonqualität untersucht und mithilfe zerstörender Untersuchungen wurde die Betonfestigkeit des Spritzbetons geprüft. Mit den Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass große Einbauteile wie Hüllrohre und Stahlträgerflansche die Ausbildung von Spritzschatten bei Spritzbeton begünstigen und eine konventionelle Schalung neben einer Halbfertigteilwand praxistauglich, jedoch in der Ausführung aufwendig ist. Messungen zeigten den raschen Abbau des Frischbetondrucks beim Verfüllen einer Wand mit einseitiger Schalung. Durch das Verbinden von zwei Wandschalen ist eine Doppelwand sowohl aus statischer als auch aus baupraktischer Sicht stets zu bevorzugen. Wo das nicht möglich ist, sollten eine konventionelle Schalung oder Fertigteile mit einer Halbfertigteilwand verbunden werden, um dieselbe statische Wirkung wie bei einer Doppelwand zu erzielen.
Metal‐to‐Metal Distance Modulated Au(I)/Ru(II) Cyclophanyl Complexes: Cooperative Effects in Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Zippel Christoph , Israil Roumany , Schüssler Lars , Hassan Zahid , Schneider Erik K. , Weis Patrick , Nieger Martin , Bizzarri Claudia , Kappes Manfred M. , Riehn Christoph , Diller Rolf , Bräse Stefan
Published: October 2021

The modular synthesis of Au(I)/Ru(II) decorated mono‐ and heterobimetallic complexes with π‐conjugated [2.2]paracyclophane is described. [2.2]Paracyclophane serves as a rigid spacer which holds the metal centers in precise spatial orientations and allows metal‐to‐metal distance modulation. A broad set of architectural arrangements of pseudo ‐geminal, ‐ortho, ‐meta, and ‐para substitution patterns were employed. Metal‐to‐metal distance modulation of Au(I)/Ru(II) heterobimetallic complexes and the innate transannular π‐communication of the cyclophanyl scaffold provides a promising platform for the investigations of structure‐activity relationship and cooperative effects. The Au(I)/Ru(II) heterobimetallic cyclophanyl complexes are stable, easily accessible, and exhibit promising catalytic activity in the visible‐light promoted arylative Meyer‐Schuster rearrangement.
Brain atrophy trajectories predict differential functional performance in Alzheimer's disease: Moderations with apolipoprotein E and sex
Authors: Sapkota Shraddha , Ramirez Joel , Yhap Vanessa , Masellis Mario , Black Sandra E. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2021

Introduction

We examine whether distinct brain atrophy patterns (using brain parenchymal fraction [BPF]) differentially predict functional performance and decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and are independently moderated by (1) a key AD genetic risk marker (apolipoprotein E [APOE]), (2) sex, and (3) high‐risk group (women APOE ɛ4 carriers).

Methods

We used a 2‐year longitudinal sample of AD patients (baseline N = 170; mean age = 71.3 [9.1] years) from the Sunnybrook Dementia Study. We applied latent class analysis, latent growth modeling, and path analysis. We aimed to replicate our findings (N = 184) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

Results

We observed that high brain atrophy class predicted lower functional performance and steeper decline. This association was moderated by APOE, sex, and high‐risk group. Baseline findings as moderated by APOE and high‐risk group were replicated.

Discussion

Women APOE ɛ4 carriers may selectively be at a greater risk of functional impairment with higher brain atrophy.
Synthesis, characterization, method development, and validation of nor‐ethylmorphine hydrochloride reference material using established analytical techniques for dope control analysis
Authors: Pawar Sachin D. , Kumar Gangasani J. , Chikkondra Aruna , Lal Banwari , Radhakrishnanand P. , Murty Upadhyayula S. , Sahu P. L. , Dubey Sachin , Soni Arpit , Kumar Pramod
Published: October 2021

Ethylmorphine is permitted internationally for therapeutic purposes where morphine is not indicated across the globe. Nor‐ethylmorphine a major metabolite of ethylmorphine. To differentiate the intake of morphine from ethylmorphine, nor‐ethylmorphine stable reference material is desirable. There is no available commercial source and no data for reference material context for this substance. Therefore, nor‐ethylmorphine HCl was synthesized and characterized, and purity and potency were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetry (TGA), and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Purity and potency were found to be 98.29% and 96.40%, respectively, providing a fit for purpose reference material for doping control analysis in sports.
Chiral Phosphoric Acids as Versatile Tools for Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenations
Authors: Pálvölgyi Ádám Márk , Scharinger Fabian , Schnürch Michael , Bica‐Schröder Katharina
Published: October 2021

Herein, recent developments in the field of organocatalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of C=N, C=O and C=C double bonds using chiral phosphoric acid catalysis are reviewed. This still rapidly growing area of asymmetric catalysis relies on metal‐free catalysts in combination with biomimetic hydrogen sources. Chiral phosphoric acids have proven to be extremely versatile tools in this area, providing highly active and enantioselective alternatives for the asymmetric reduction of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds, imines and various heterocycles. Eventually, such transformations are more and more often used in multicomponent/cascade reactions, which undoubtedly shows their great synthetic potential and the bright future of organocatalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenations.