bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЕКОНОМІЧНА ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ КРАЇН ТА ЇЇ ВПЛИВ НА ГАРМОНІЗАЦІЮ СИСТЕМИ ОБЛІКУ ТА ФІНАНСОВОЇ ЗВІТНОСТІ: ДОСВІД ІЗРАЇЛЮ
Authors: Akymenko Olena , Ponomarenko Vladyslava
Published: November 2021

Досліджено питання економічного піднесення Ізраїлю – країни високих технологій, що продукує сучасну конкурентоспроможну продукцію оборонного призначення, програмне забезпечення, засоби цифрового зв’язку, біотехнології, фармацевтичні препарати і вироби з використанням надсучасних інноваційних нанотехнологій. З’ясовано особливості прогресивної системи оподаткування Ізраїлю, серед яких відсутність стягнення податку на доходи з мінімальної заробітної плати (близько 1000 $ США). Відстежено процес формування Ради з міжнародних стандартів бухгалтерського обліку, головним завданням якої є розробка та впровадження єдиної системи зрозумілих та прийнятних міжнародних стандартів фінансової звітності. Встановлено основні базиси в справі стандартизації бухгалтерського обліку у світі, серед яких International Accounting Standards (МСФЗ) та Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Досліджено процес впровадження МСФЗ та подальшої адаптації їхніх положень до Ізраїльських стандартів бухгалтерського обліку. Наведено варіанти впровадження МСФЗ в Ізраїлі.
АНАЛІЗ СТРУКТУРИ І ДИНАМІКИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ З ДЕРЖАВНОЮ УЧАСТЮ
Authors: Kobelia Mariana
Published: November 2021

У статті здійснено дослідження структури і динаміки розвитку підприємств з державною участю в контексті їх участі в реалізації фінансової політики держави. Визначено, що підприємства державного сектору економіки є важливими учасниками процесу реалізації фінансової політики в Україні. Тенденції їхнього розвитку є визначальними для окремих галузей вітчизняної економіки. Ці підприємства забезпечують робочі місця, наповнюють Державний і місцеві бюджети. З проведеного аналізу виведено, що фінансова політика держави в частині розподілу чистого прибутку підприємств державного сектору економіки потребує удосконалення, оскільки, з одного боку, рішення Кабінету Міністрів України щодо нормативу розподілу чистого прибутку є непослідовними та несистемними, при цьому збори акціонерів окремих підприємств державного сектору економіки приймають рішення щодо розподілу чистого прибутку на власний розсуд, не враховуючи при цьому інтереси держави.Обґрунтовано, що Кабінет Міні-стрів України повинен вжити дієвих заходів щодо прийняття в межах корпоративних прав держави рішень про визначення розміру, порядку та строків виплати дивідендів підприємствами державного сектору економіки до Державного бюджету України, а також забезпечити своєчасне затвердження фінансових планів господарських товариств відповідно до вимог законодавства. Серед системи заходів визначено, що необхідно розробити законопроєкт для здійснення дієвого державного фінансового контролю підприємств державного сектору економіки, а також удосконалити систему контролю за дотриманням вимог законодавства при прийнятті наглядовими радами рішень щодо підприємств державного сектору економіки. Також необхідно забезпечити індивідуальний підхід при формуванні дивідендної політики підприємств державного сектору економіки. Норматив відрахування частини чистого прибутку повинен встановлюватись диференційовано по кожному підприємству державного сектору економіки з урахуванням його подальших стратегічних планів розвитку та наявних інвестиційних програм.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ СУТНОСТІ ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: Verbivska Lyudmyla
Published: November 2021

У статті розглянуто концептуальні положення щодо обґрунтування сутності категорії «електронний бізнес». Для цього було проведено аналіз сформованих у науковій літературі підходів до розуміння природи бізнесу як виду економічної діяльності, визначено його специфічні ознаки. Також з урахуванням отриманих результатів і на основі аналізу концепції розгляду вченими змісту дефініції «електронний бізнес» було обґрунтовано авторський підхід до її розгляду. Зокрема, акцентовано увагу на важливості розуміння масштабу впливу сучасних інформаційних технологій на підприємницьку діяльність, щоб віднести такі діяльність до системи електронного бізнесу.
Nanomechanical Properties of Engineered Cardiomyocytes Under Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Pailino Lia , Lou Lihua , Rubfiaro Alberto Sesena , He Jin , Agarwal Arvind
Published: November 2021

Engineered cardiomyocytes made of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) present phenotypical characteristics similar to human fetal cardiomyocytes. There are different factors that are essential for engineered cardiomyocytes to be functional, one of them being that their mechanical properties must mimic those of adult cardiomyocytes. Techniques, such as electrical stimulation, have been used to improve the extracellular matrix's alignment and organization and improve the intracellular environment. Therefore, electrical stimulation could potentially be used to enhance the mechanical properties of engineered cardiac tissue. The goal of this study is to establish the effects of electrical stimulation on the elastic modulus of engineered cardiac tissue. Nanoindentation tests were performed on engineered cardiomyocyte constructs under seven days of electrical stimulation and engineered cardiomyocyte constructs without electrical stimulation. The tests were conducted using BioSoft™ In-Situ Indenter through displacement control mode with a 50 µm conospherical diamond fluid cell probe. The Hertzian fit model was used to analyze the data and obtain the elastic modulus for each construct. This study demonstrated that electrically stimulated cardiomyocytes (6.98 ± 0.04 kPa) present higher elastic modulus than cardiomyocytes without electrical stimulation (4.96 ± 0.29 kPa) at day 7 of maturation. These results confirm that electrical stimulation improves the maturation of cardiomyocytes. Through this study, an efficient nanoindentation method is demonstrated for engineered cardiomyocyte tissues, capable of capturing the nanomechanical differences between electrically stimulated and non-electrically stimulated cardiomyocytes.
Homens da Fronteira: índios, capitães e sertanismo na Ilhéus setecentista
Authors: Barros Rafael dos Santos
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo discorre sobre uma etapa das expedições que percorreram a Capitania dos Ilhéus durante a primeira metade do século XVIII. Formada por inúmeros agentes coloniais, estas jornadas devassaram o interior da região em busca de índios para serem escravizados, metais preciosos e quilombos para serem destruídos. As entradas também visavam evitar que os contra-ataques indígenas prejudicassem a produção de viveres da donataria para Salvador. Para isso, a Coroa investirá de poder as autoridades locais, premiando com cargos e mercês aqueles que se empenhavam em tais empreendimentos. Neste processo de exploração, os indígenas não foram vítimas pacíficas, pois souberam incorporar os códigos de funcionamento do sistema colonial, agindo, muitas vezes, em função dos seus interesses, ora combatendo grupos inimigos, ora denunciando a sua localização.
Diplomatas de farda. A França e o golpe de 1964
Authors: Araujo Rodrigo Nabuco de
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho analisa o impacto das negociações militares na resolução de conflitos diplomáticos, entre a França e o Brasil, de João Goulart a Costa e Silva. Busca-se compreender o papel do adido militar, secretário para as relações militares, em momentos de ruptura política. Enquanto vários adidos brasileiros se sucedem na embaixada em Paris, diante da fragilidade das relações bilaterais e da importância dos acontecimentos políticos no Brasil, no Rio de Janeiro, o adido francês representa a continuidade dos negócios, devido às afinidades entre militares anticomunistas, franceses e brasileiros. Desse modo, o reatamento do diálogo pode ser compreendido como o resultado da relação pessoal entre os diplomatas de farda e os principais atores do golpe de 1964. Observa-se que os militares franceses se mantiveram à frente da chancelaria francesa, e, habilmente, conseguiram solucionar os principais conflitos entre os dois países, ao prepararem o reconhecimento do governo militar. Oficiais e diplomatas do entourage do presidente de Gaulle, veteranos da Résistance e das guerras coloniais buscavam realizar o projeto gaullista de reconquista da América Latina.
Estudo de gênero no período pós-emancipação a partir dos Registros de Matrícula da Santa Casa de Porto Alegre (1889-1895)
Authors: Almaleh Priscilla
Published: November 2021

Este artigo objetiva mostrar as potencialidades dos Registros de Matrícula Geral de Enfermos da Santa Casa de Misericórdia para o estudo de gênero na cidade de Porto Alegre ao fim do século XIX, mais precisamente nos anos de 1889 a 1895. Devido às novas concepções sobre o significado de gênero sabemos que os estudos sobre as populações são relacionais, ou seja, construções culturais e sociais em que o feminino e o masculino estão intimamente interligados, apesar das diversas formas de desigualdade entre os sexos. Para a pesquisa foi utilizada uma abordagem quantitativa, em que as fontes utilizadas estão ligadas à instituição assistencialista e de caridade, possibilitando o estudo da camada mais pobre da população, pois consiste em uma instituição que visava o auxílio para pessoas menos favorecidas economicamente, apesar de eventualmente encontrarmos indivíduos da classe média. Para tanto foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa com base na transcrição dos dados referentes aos livros de registros de número 6 e 7 para uma planilha de dados (Excel). Foram transcritos 12.632 dados referentes a todos os enfermos da SCMPA e após foi feita uma filtragem das diferentes etnias, classe, gênero, trabalho, estado civil, entre outras variáveis que a fonte possibilita. Apesar de ser uma fonte médica, não voltada inicialmente para tal fim, os Registros permitiram compreender diversas peculiaridades sobre a vida daqueles que procuravam a assistência médica, além de possibilitar a reconstrução da organização feminina na cidade em um período de diversas mudanças políticas e sociais como foi o período da pós-emancipação.
Farda, saúde e etnia: a presença de populares negros na polícia de Porto Alegre através dos registros da Santa Casa de Misericórdia (1888 – 1894)
Authors: Flores Giane Caroline
Published: November 2021

O trabalho se propõe a apresentar resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa sobre a presença de populares, especialmente os negros, nas instituições de controle urbano no período de transição entre Império e República na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. Entre a documentação já analisada estão os registros de Matrícula Geral dos Enfermos da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, uma das poucas fontes que mantém a referência de cor dos indivíduos registrados, já que a partir do final do século XIX, com a abolição da escravidão e a República, há um desaparecimento gradual sobre a cor das pessoas que predomina em diversos registros históricos devido à tentativa de “embranquecimento” da população brasileira. Além disso, podemos retirar desta fonte importantes informações sobre os populares da cidade, como por exemplo: nome, data de nascimento, filiação, origem, estado civil, enfermidade, profissão e, como já citado, cor. Essa referência étnica presente nos registros analisados é fundamental para um estudo sobre a presença dos negros no período pós-abolição, sobretudo no que diz respeito à inserção dos mesmos no mundo do trabalho. Pretende-se analisar, portanto, o ingresso dessa parcela da população nas instituições de controle urbano como uma estratégia de ascensão social e também de defesa frente às perspectivas racistas vigentes no período, bem como outros aspectos de suas vidas como saúde e doença, relações familiares, entre outros.
Aspergillus sphenoiditis growth on long cut ends of a non-absorbable sellar floor dura closure suture
Authors: Eguchi Seiichiro , Matsuoka Go , Suzuki Naoki , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Yamaguchi Koji , Kawamata Takakazu
Published: November 2021

Background:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a common complication after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Suturing of sellar dura is effective in the prevention of postoperative CSF rhinorrhea, but it may cause rare postoperative infections. Herein, we report a case of Aspergillus sphenoiditis with the growth noted on cut ends of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) suture used for dural closure.

Case Description:

A previously healthy 51-year-old woman complained of abnormal odor 5 years after TSS for null cell adenoma. A white mass in the sphenoidal sinus was detected on rhinoscopy. Fungal balls were found clustered around the ends of a PVDF suture used for dural closure at the initial surgery. She underwent removal of both the fungal ball and dural suture. The pathological diagnosis was Aspergillus hyphae. It is thought that a dural suture protruding out of the sphenoid sinus mucosa can cause Aspergillus infection even in immunocompetent patients. A rapid and accurate diagnosis followed by surgical removal of the fungal ball and follow-up with oral antimycotic drugs result in good clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:

It is crucial to cut short the suture end and cover it with sphenoid sinus mucosa to avoid such complications.
Teaching Literature through the Arts: A Few Notes on Teaching Aldous Huxley’s Point Counter Point through Beethoven’s Music
Authors: BĂdulescu Dana
Published: November 2021

The present article examines a teaching experiment undertaken by the author in order to point out not only the importance of the arts and aesthetics, but also their limitations. It also argues that, despite these limitations, the spirit of the arts opens us up to freedom and flexibility. Their purpose is not to give answers or solutions, but to make us question the most troubling aspects of our existence. The last chapter of Aldous Huxley’s novel Point Counter Point invites an approach that should do justice to its musical qualities. Apart from borrowing the counterpoint technique from music, it also references music, therefore lending itself to performance, which renders its dramatic force with a strong impact upon readers.
Mental Lexicon, Working Memory and L2 (English) Vocabulary in Polish Students with and without Dyslexia
Authors: Łockiewicz Marta , Jaskulska Martyna
Published: November 2021

The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between access to the mental lexicon, working memory and knowledge of English (L2) vocabulary. Analyses were undertaken amongst monolingual speakers of Polish (26 with dyslexia, 24 without) who studied English as a second language as part of their compulsory educational programme at school.We assumed that students with dyslexia would manifest deficits in access to the mental lexicon and verbal working memory, and would have a limited L2 vocabulary. We also assumed that better access to the mental lexicon facilitates knowledge of English (L2) vocabulary, and that this relationship is present in both the criterion and the control group. All of the students participated in both parts of the assessment, the group part (i.e., questionnaire, IQ test, two vocabulary tasks) and the individual part (i.e., psychological measures: verbal working memory, RAN, verbal fluency, and single word reading in L1 task). We found that students with dyslexia exhibited deficits in the speed of access to data from the mental lexicon. The predictive function of memory for vocabulary was more conspicuous in the control group; in the criterion group, the result might constitute a risk factor for L2 vocabulary acquisition in dyslexia, which may manifest with increased proficiency in word knowledge. Poor vocabulary knowledge renders the L2 learning experience difficult, as it impairs students’ reading comprehension, writing and conversational skills.
How Students of Preschool Education Perceive Their Play Competences – An Analysis of Their Involvement in Children’s Play
Authors: Tatalović Vorkapić Sanja , Katić Vesna
Published: November 2021

Preschool teachers play a very important but highly sensitive role in preschool children’s play. It is therefore very important to build their play competences in a quality way. As this is not easily achieved, the main objective of the present study was to analyse the roles of students of preschool education in children’s play. The study included 36 students enrolled at the Faculty of Teacher Education in Rijeka, Croatia. Through a qualitative analysis of the students’ preparations for their practice, it was determined that the majority of students use didactic play and play with rules with children. Although the students demonstrated the expected role in children’s play, which positively influenced the educational work and the overall well-being of the children, some of the students were not decisive. Thus, the question arises as to how to improve the acquisition of play competences in students of preschool education.
The Teacher as One of the Factors Influencing Students’ Perception of Biology as a School Subject
Authors: Kubiatko Milan , Torkar Gregor , Rovnanova Lenka
Published: November 2021

The main aim of our research was to determine whether the teacher is one of the factors influencing students’ perception of biology as a school subject. The study also aimed to identify the influence of certain other factors in this regard, specifically: students’ gender and place of residence, the number of biology teachers who have taught the students, and theteachers’ gender. The sample consisted of 261 lower secondary school students (ISCED 2) in Slovakia, aged 14 and 15 years. A questionnaire with Likert-type items was used as a research instrument. The findings confirm the impact of the biology teacher on students’ perception of the subject. After removing the influence of the teacher, the students’ gender and placeof residence did not have any significant influence on their perception of the subject. Two additional significant variables were the number of biology teachers who had taught the students and the teachers’ gender. The research confirmed that the teacher’s personality is one of the significant factors that can influence students’ perception of school subjects.
Croatian Teacher Competencies Related to the Creation and Implementation of Education Policy
Authors: Kovač Vesna , Rafajac Branko , Buchberger Iva
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted in order to gain a preliminary insight into the general orientation and range of opinions of 396 primary and secondary school teachers in Croatia toward the a) importance of their competencies related to the education policies; b) cognition and mastering of the competencies related to the education policies; c) the actual activity of primaryand secondary school teachers in the creation and implementation of education policies. Research data were collected on the basis of a survey methodology, using an online questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale. In addition, the questionnaire contained two open questions. The analysis of results has clearly shown that primary and secondary school teachers in this research evaluated their competencies related to the education policies to be an important part of the competency profile of teachers. Teachers have made relatively high evaluations of their cognition and mastery of the competencies related to the education policy processes within school. In contrast, somewhat lower evaluations have been given to the mastery of competencies associated with the knowledge of education system, i.e. activity outside the school context. The evaluations of scale items related to the preconditions and personal activity in decision making and the implementation of education policy within the school vary in the range of average values or slightly above that.
Gifted Education and Talent Support in Germany
Authors: Fischer Christian , Müller Kerstin
Published: November 2021

While the focus in Germany was initially on disabled children only, the promotion of gifted and talented children has become increasingly important. Different organisations and institutions, ranging from parents’ associations to foundations, offer a large variety of measures catering for the special demands of gifted and talented children, enabling the exchange of information on giftedness and the cooperation of different institutions. Talented children are also provided with access to scholarships as well as to special academies and competitions on different topics. Furthermore, educators and researches involved in the promotion  of giftedness can attend conferences as well as gaining qualifications as specialists in gifted education and talent support. In addition to these nationwide, extracurricular measures, the individual federal states offer  various acceleration and enrichment activities for children with high abilities at school. Overall, this leads to a diverse system of gifted education and talent support in Germany. It does, however, mean that Germany lacks a common national strategy of gifted education and talent support due to the lack of networking of the individual federal states. By exchanging ideas and information on their applied concepts of ability promotion, the federal states could benefit from each other’s expertise and experiences. Further improvement could be achieved if concepts of gifted education and talent support were to become an integral part of various discussions, such as those on inclusive education or on the results of international comparative studies (e.g., PISA, PIRLS or TIMSS).
An Overview of the Current Status of Talent Care and Talent Support in Hungary
Authors: Fuszek Csilla
Published: November 2021

After a short historical introduction, the article provides an overview of the current talent support trends in Hungary. It gives an insight into the legislation, guidelines and institutional system associated with the national talent support strategy, and presents the main NGO initiatives present in the early 21st century, in particular the organisations brought to life by the Hungarian Talent Support Council and their effect on current education policy. At the same time, the article seeks to present the strengths and weaknesses of the national talent support strategy and the Hungarian talent support cooperation model.
Ability as an Additional Support Need: Scotland’s Inclusive Approach to Gifted Education
Authors: Sutherland Margaret , Stack Niamh
Published: November 2021

The present paper provides an overview of the current national legislation, policies, curriculum and practice relating to gifted education within Scotland. It begins by providing an overview of the national context and historical background that, to this day, underpin the egalitarian ethos that permeates Scottish education. We discuss how historical, philosophical and political narratives that are firmly rooted in the belief that education is a right for all foreshadow Scotland’s approach to “gifted education”. The legislative shift within Scotland from a “needs-based” model to a “rights-based” model, coupled with our inclusive approach to education for all, has important implications and provides potential opportunities for gifted young people. The strengths and limitations of this approach are debated within the paper. Rhetoric and reality can, however, be unfamiliar strangers; the paper therefore also aims to demonstrate how legislative intention and pedagogical ideals have been put into practice within Scottish schools in order to meet the needs of gifted young Scots. We conclude by discussing the challenges that remain and the implications for the future, both within and beyond Scotland.
Gifted Education in Switzerland: Widely Acknowledged, but Obstacles Still Exist in Implementation
Authors: Mueller-Oppliger Victor
Published: November 2021

With its strong federalism and direct democracy, as well as the high level of autonomy of its cantons, Switzerland does not have mandatory national policies and regulations on gifted education. Responsibility  for the promotion of high-end learners is in the hands of the cantonal  boards of education, and depends largely on their current professional understanding and educational-political foresight, as well as on the political volition and priorities of the school authorities. Within this diversity, there are schools with excellent concepts and successful implementations regarding gifted education, while other schools have a poor understanding of individualisation and potential-oriented learning. The present article summarises the philosophy and key aspects of a contemporary realisation of local- or regional-based integrated gifted education that is related to supplementary arrangements for special needs. Strengths and weaknesses in the identification and promotion of the talented within the Swiss school system are outlined and discussed.
Do Learning Activities Improve Students' Ability to Construct Explanatory Models with a Prism Foil Problem?
Authors: Gojkošek Mihael , Sliško Josip , Planinšič Gorazd
Published: November 2021

The transfer of knowledge is considered to be a fundamental goal of education; therefore, knowing and understanding the conditions that influence the efficiency of the transfer from learning activity to problem solving play a decisive role in the improvement of science education. In this article, the results of a study of 196 highschool students’ ability to transfer knowledge  in explanatory model construction are present. Three test groups were formed, traditional, prediction and lab groups, in which students were involved in three different learning activities. A week after instruction, students were tested with a foil test and Lawson’s Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning. According to the results, little knowledge transferfrom learning activities to the foil test occurred. Among the three tested learning methods, the one asking for prediction seems to best improve the  transfer of knowledge. Time spent on activities had little or no effect on the transfer of knowledge. Some possible reasons for the observed results are presented, and the importance of correct scientific explanation duringthe learning process is considered.
Changing University Students’ Alternative Conceptions of Optics by Active Learning
Authors: Hadžibegović Zalkida , Sliško Josip
Published: November 2021

Active learning is individual and group participation in effective activities such as in-class observing, writing, experimenting, discussion, solving problems, and talking about to-be-learned topics. Some instructors believe that active learning is impossible, or at least extremely difficult to achieve in large lecture sessions. Nevertheless, the truly impressive implementation results of the SCALE-UP learning environment suggest that such beliefs are false (Beichner et al., 2000). In this study, we present a design of an active learning environment with positive effect on students. The design is based on the following elements: (1) helping students to learn from interactive lecture experiment; (2) guiding students to use justified explanation and prediction after observing and exploring a phenomenon; (3) developing a conceptual question sequence designed for use in an interactive lecture with students answering questionsin worksheets by writing and drawing; (4) evaluating students’ conceptual change and gains by questions related to light reflection, refraction, and image formation in an exam held a week after the active learning session. Data were collected from 95 science freshmen with different secondary school backgrounds. They participated in geometrical optics classes organized for collecting research results during and after only one active learning session. The results have showed that around 60% of the students changed their initial alternative conceptions of vision and of image formation. It was also found that a large group of university students is likely to be engaged in active learning, shifting from a passive role they usually play during teacher’s lectures.
Competencies in Science Teaching
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold
Published: November 2021

The role of competencies is discussed with respect to science teaching. In particular, competence models from Germany, Switzerland and Austria are presented and compared. A special topical program, ‘Competencies in Mathematics and Science Teaching’, was started in Austria three years ago. Initial experiences with this program are reported, specifically with regard to how the teachers adopt this new idea of competencies and which kind of support is appreciated. Two aspects of the program are explained in detail: the evaluation of the program and the role of exercises and problems.
Outdoor Motor Play: Analysis, Speculations, Research Paths
Authors: Ceciliani Andrea , Bortolotti Alessandro
Published: November 2021

In our rapidly changing contemporary society, it has become apparent that children spend significantly less time playing outdoors than their parents did. Therefore, considerable attention must be paid by professionals to engage this challenge, especially within early educational contexts. The goal of this study was to first explore the continual drive of play in educational growth and, second, the ways in which children play outdoors at school, in order to reap the developmental benefits of outdoor play in a supportive context, where such fundamental activity is not only allowed, but also supported. The results of this study reinforce existing research in this area, highlighting the findings of children’s physical play behaviour and its frequency, also in connection with the use of tools and toys; further findings highlight teacher’s attitudes and suggest several options for early childhood professionals to foster children’s enjoyment of outdoor play. Finally, the study results have implications for future opportunities in the planning of active spontaneous-play.
European Higher Education Area and the Introduction of a Quality Assurance Program in Greek Universities: Is Policy-Oriented Learning Present?
Authors: Stamelos George , Kavasakalis Aggelos
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to investigate the production (or not) of policy-oriented learning during the establishment and implementation of a specific policy program in the policy sub-system of the Greek university as well as  the interpretation of the existence (or not) of policy-oriented learning. The theoretical tools were drawn mainly from the theoretical work of Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith, termed the ‘advocacy coalition framework (ACF)’. The Greek university is therefore considered to be a policy subsystem in which actors form coalition networks that share policy core beliefs and values, and engage in coordinated action in order to translate  these beliefs and values into public policy. Thirty-five semi-structured interviews were used for the production of data, in combination with policy paper analysis.
School and the Cultural-Heritage Environment: Pedagogical, Creative and Artistic Aspects
Authors: Ivon Hicela , Kuščević Dubravka
Published: November 2021

The present paper explores the idea that learning, both in and out of school,is a cultural act, and that school and its cultural-heritage environment stamp their own characteristics on pupils. This implies that pupils gradually, with the help of teachers and other relevant adults from their close social environment, develop and adjust their behaviour and lifestyle to their cultural and civilisational milieu. An integrative approach to learning and teaching, through the concept of “learning-centred teaching”, can be instrumental in this regard (Terhart, 2001). This approach aims at linking cognitive, social and moral teachings. According to this teaching concept, pupils learn to appreciate the value of their cultural-heritage environment by living and reliving its experience, while freely and reflexively interpreting and becoming active participants in the culture of those who “learn about life by living” (Terhart, 2001). The relationship between school and its cultural-heritage environment is discussed from a creative and artistic perspective in the second part of the paper. By visually stimulating artistic expression when learning about the culturalheritage and natural environment of school, and through the concept of “action- centred learning”, we explain how pupils can be motivated to learn and display creative-artistic expression, and how they can be actively involved in their communities (participating in organising art exhibitions in their neighbourhood, working in museum workshops, etc.). Pupils’ art projects, inspired by the historical, cultural and natural heritage of their environment, confirm that such projects are an effective way of encouraging pupils’ identity development and sensitivity towards the arts. They teach pupils about the importance of preserving cultural heritage, which is one of the basic principles in the upbringing of future participants and creators of new cultural values. Children’sartistic works illustrate examples of good school practice.
Visual Art Education: Between Spatial Sustainable Development and the Image of Architecture
Authors: Tomšič Čerkez Beatriz Gabriela
Published: November 2021

If we consider the role of education and its implications in the formation of a critical and conscious user of architecture, it is obvious that the development of educational strategies related to the sustainable development of our common space and environment becomes fundamental. Among the objectives of art education, we should consider our commitment with authentic and actual problems in our societies. One of them is the awareness of the characteristics of the built environment. Our cities are, in fact, the results of time-space plasters that function as units of spatial experiences in everyday life. The oldest buildings are iconic points of reference, and their simple presence produces a collection of unique meanings to the collective memory of a culture. Their demolition would in many cases injure the cities’ images and memory. The main question is how to develop programs at all educational levels to promote critical and responsible attitudes towards the common environment covering all the aspects that shape the concepts of sustainable spatial development. However, it is not possible to create strategies without proper information about the views of the students. The collection and analysis of this views is the main theme of the paper. It is supported by an empirical research on the image of architecture and the environment, held among secondary school students. The research is based on the idea that one of the most efficient critical attitudes towards the world would be to develop an unconditional connection of art work with »everyday life conditions« to promote the education of critical and responsible »perceivers« of the environment.
Critical Reflection in the Professional Development of Teachers: Challenges and Possibilities
Authors: Šarić Marjeta , Šteh Barbara
Published: November 2021

Critical reflection in teachers’ professional development has received much attention in the scholarly literature, and there is an overwhelming consensus about its great significance to the quality of teachers’ work. Nevertheless, despite the well-established role of reflection, a large gap between the professed goals and the actual reflective practice of teachers remains. The article starts with a short overview of the different definitions of critical reflection in the context of teachers’ professional development and then underlines some empirical research findings on the problems that teachers and teacher educators face when putting reflective practice into practice, especially at the deeper and more complex levels of reflection. It continues with a consideration of teachers’ qualifications for in-depth reflection as well as the obstacles and challenges facing teachers and teacher educators. The obstacles occur at the level of individual teachers’ personal traits and at the level of the context in which reflection is done. Employing an analysis of the obstacles, the authors develop some guidelines on how to support teachers in their attempts at making critical reflection part of their teaching practice. It is crucial for this encouragement not to overlook the principal purpose of teachers’ critical reflection; to contribute to new insights, knowledge reframing, and the introduction of such changes in teaching that will support students’ learning and the development of the community for the better learning, work, and life of all its individuals.
Towards Professionalism in Music: Self-assessed Learning Strategies of Conservatory Music Students
Authors: Virkkula Esa , Nissilä Säde-Pirkko
Published: November 2021

One of the current spearhead projects in Finnish education is learning to learn. Learning strategies have been examined from a variety of perspectives. They are policies that either promote or hinder learning. They are any behaviours or thoughts that facilitate encoding in such a way that knowledge integration and retrieval are enhanced. Strategies can be practicedand learnt. Direct and indirect learning strategies formed the model of defining music students’ self-assessed learning habits in this research. The strategies dealt with here are memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognitive, affective and social strategies. Critical thinking strategies as well as deep and surface learning strategies were also observed. In this paper, a theoretical background and methodological solutions will first be presented. A significant finding comes from cross-professional collaboration of students, teachers, and professionals during the research period: it enhanced the use of strategies. Another finding, the profitable use of the workshop method, can be adopted by other fields of learning and make processes flexible and fruitful.
Failure of the Croatian Higher Education Reform
Authors: Kurelić Zoran , Rodin Siniša
Published: November 2021

The authors analyse the reasons for Croatian higher education reform since 2003, as well as its consequences. The main proposition of the paper is that the implementation of the Bologna Process in Croatia has failed due  to a fundamental misunderstanding of the goals of the process, a lack of correspondence between the cycles of higher education and the EuropeanQualifications Framework, and a lack of international pressure, resulting from the nature of the open method of coordination. The authors present the internal market rules of the European Union and how they affect the national regulation of higher education. The paper deals with the main characteristics of the higher education reform and how it has affected thestructure of higher education programmes, the comparability of degrees and qualifications, and student mobility. The authors propose an agenda for a “reform of the reform” that could bring the Croatian system of higher education back onto the European track.
Policy and Prediction: The Case of Institutional Diversity in Romanian Higher Education
Authors: Vlăsceanu Lazăr , Hâncean Marian-Gabriel
Published: November 2021

Presenting key elements of post-1990 historical developments in the Romanian higher education system, the emphasis is put on recent (2011) policies of increasing higher education institutional differentiation. The view is that, in policy design, due attention should be paid to both historical roots and predicted developments. Building on an institutional analysis approach, we put forward a theoretical model that aims to explore the predictive implications of some recently promoted higher education policies. These policies are expected to increase institutional differentiation at the systemic level and enhance quality in teaching and research at university level. The predictive capacity of a model of reference is tested against a concurrent model. The key assumption of the latter is that of considering higher education institutions (HEIs) as “cooperative systems” that are unable to generate those outputs and  outcomes that, by aggregation, would contribute to the construction of an institutionally diverse and heterogeneous higher education landscape.
Pre-Service Preschool Teachers’ Beliefs about Foreign Language Learning and Early Foreign Language Teaching in Slovenia
Authors: Dagarin Fojkar Mateja , Skubic Darija
Published: November 2021

The implementation of foreign languages in preschool education has prompted the need for qualified teachers. However, most recent studies report a gap between the supply of qualified foreign language teachers of young learners and the demand for such teachers as foreign languages are introduced earlier and earlier. The authors of this paper present some models of initial and in-service training of preschool foreign language teachers in Slovenia. As learners’ beliefs about language learning have been considered an important variable, like many other individual differences in language learning, the main aim of the research was to determine pre-service preschool teachers’ beliefs about early foreign language learning. The research was conducted on a sample of 90 pre-service preschool teachers. The results imply that future preschool teachers are aware of the importance of foreign language learning and their awareness raises with the year of study. The results of the survey indicate that it would be beneficial to include early foreign language teacher training in the education of preschool teachers who are willing to teach foreign languages in kindergartens in Slovenia and elsewhere.
The Family-School Relationships in Europe: A Research Review
Authors: Dusi Paola
Published: November 2021

The literature on research carried out in the field and parents’ and teachers’ declarations all point in the same direction: good collaboration between home and school is useful to the child-student for his education and learning. Despite this, parent-teacher relationships in Europe (and elsewhere), from Spain to Sweden, from Ireland to Greece, and from Italy to the Czech Republic, represent an unresolved issue. This is a complex relationship that calls into play various social spheres: macro (social), intermediary (institutional) and micro (relational); in fact, there are as many diverse realities as there are schools. In Europe, the relationshipbetween individual behaviours (parents vs. teachers), social orientations (neoliberalism) and institutional frameworks (school markets) appears significant: scarce parental participation, lack of adequate forms of home-school communications, and the need to make investments inparent and teacher training. Nevertheless, family and school are called on to create a dialogue in order to contribute to the processes of training new generations. They both need each other in order to carry out that task in the best way. This paper presents and discusses the results of a theoretical analysis conducted on the basis of the international literatureconcerning research on the school-family relationship, with particular attention on the situation of different European countries, and concludes with suggestions for some practical improvements.
The Role and Potential Dangers of Visualisation when Learning about Sub-Microscopic Explanations in Chemistry Education
Authors: Eilks Ingo , Witteck Torsten , Pietzner Verena
Published: November 2021

The core of theory-driven chemistry education consists of the constant shift between the different representational domains of chemical thinking: the macroscopic, the sub-microscopic, and the symbolic domains. Because the sub-microscopic domain can neither be seen nor directly visualised, it requires specific forms of visualisation, i.e. pictures andanimations illustrating the model-based level of discrete particles, atoms, or molecular structures. This paper considers the central role visualisations play when learning about the model-based, sub-microscopic level, but it also reflects the dangers inherent in employing insufficiently examined, poorly considered, or even misleading visualisations. This is outlined using different examples taken from both textbooks for lower secondary chemistry education (for students aged 10 to 15) and from the internet. Implications for structuring and using sub-micro visualisations in chemistry education are also given.
Exploring the Impact of and Perceptions about Interactive, Self-Explaining Environments in Molecular- Level Animations
Authors: Falvo David A. , Urban Michael J. , Suits Jerry P
Published: November 2021

This mixed-method study investigates the effects of interactivity in animationsof a molecular-level process and explores perceptions aboutthe animated learning tool used. Treatments were based on principlesof cognitive psychology designed to study the main effects of treatmentand spatial ability and their interaction. Results with students (n=189)showed that science majors scored higher than non-science majors inretention measures (i.e., structure and function) but not in transfer.Significant main effects were found for treatment in function questions and spatial ability in structure questions. There was a significant interaction between treatment and spatial ability in structure questions. Additionally, in this study participants believed the key and the motion of ions and molecules were the most helpful parts of the animation. This study shows that students perceive the animations as being supportive of their learning, suggesting that animations do have a role in science classrooms.
Co-Creating Desired Outcomes and Strengthening the Resilience of Multi-Challenged Families
Authors: Mešl Nina , Kodele Tadeja
Published: November 2021

Families facing poverty suffer from many other stresses. Children’s school performance is one of the common topics. A life of poverty and the related unfavourable circumstances should not define children’s life stories, which is also the responsibility of professionals working with families. It is important to overcome the problem of the frequently dispersed help given to multi-challenged families. We proceed from the premise that the vicious circle of failures can be terminated by support and help to the family and by a co-creative working relationship involving all the participants in a joint working project. The results of the plural case study confirmed the importance of working with multi-challenged families, which includes dealing with the children’s poor school performance, in their homes. They also showed the inadequacy of the often dominant discourse claiming that families do not want to receive help. The results prioritise the role of social workers and the relationship established at the beginning of the collaboration with the family. The presence of a social worker who persist on a joint project even in the case of failure represents an important new experience for families. Although multi-challenged families are resilient, they sometimes need an interlocutor to help them recognise and strengthen that resilience.