bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Educational Intervention on Chinese Business Students’ Orientation Towards Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Wong Po May Daphne , Kennedy Kerry J. , Yan Zi ,   Neilson Journals Publishing
Published: March 2022

A one-day educational intervention with multiple activities was developed and operationalized with a sample of Chinese business students in Hong Kong, China. Its effectiveness in influencing students’ corporate social responsibility orientation (CSRO) was measured with a Chinese version of a forced choice scale using Economic, Legal, Ethical, and Discretionary (Philanthropy) dimensions by Carroll (1979, 1991). A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed significant differences in the Legal and Discretionary dimensions between the post-test Experimental (X) group (N=82) and Control (C) group (N=83); in the Legal, Ethical, and Discretionary dimensions within the pre-post X group. Such significant differences may be explained by the content of the activities, especially the service learning component. Overall, the intervention appeared effective in influencing students’ CSRO within a Chinese context. Since it was designed upon Western CSR literature, its applicability goes beyond the Chinese community.
Using Stakeholder Empathy to Promote Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Evans Daniel C. , Evans Gerald E. , Harrington Michael V. ,   Neilson Journals Publishing
Published: March 2022

The requirement of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business to include business ethics in the curriculum has prompted business programs to teach ethics either integrated across the curriculum or in standalone classes. The question addressed here is how to engage students in thinking deeply and empathetically about ethical issues impacting corporate social responsibility (CSR). This research focused on using a thought experiment developed by John Rawls in which students examined CSR issues from the perspective of six stakeholder groups. A pre-test/post-test design measured the effectiveness of an instruction module on CSR coupled with an active exercise using Rawls’ veil of ignorance and original position. Results indicate that students placed greater responsibility on the stockholders and board of directors after taking this module. The implication of the Rawlsian technique to use stakeholder empathy is discussed as a tool for engaging business ethics students.
Exploring Twitter as a Pedagogical Tool in Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Education
Authors: Setó-Pamies Dolors , Carroll Archie B. ,   Neilson Journals Publishing
Published: March 2022

In recent years, considerable discussion has taken place regarding how to ensure business students are acquiring effectively the appropriate competencies related to Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability (ECSRS). Instructors in business education are encouraged to explore new methods for teaching ECSRS to strengthen this vital part of the curriculum and technology could play an important role. In this paper, we discuss why Twitter could be an effective teaching method in ECSRS education. The study provides a conceptual framework for the use of Twitter taking into account its major characteristics, main benefits, drawbacks, and key factors designing strategies. Some practical activities are also provided to encourage instructors to take more initiatives using Twitter and contribute to improving ECSRS education.
In Support of a “Generalist” Orientation for an Ethics Center
Authors: Pritchard Michael S. , Borden Sandra L. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2022

Western Michigan University’s Center for the Study of Ethics in Society has always had a “generalist” approach—that is to say, an interdisciplinary orientation toward studying a broad range of ethical issues. This article explains how the center’s “generalist” orientation developed and why it is desirable for promoting public reflection about ethical issues. It focuses on these dimensions: (a) valuing an across-the-curriculum approach to promote understanding of complex ethical issues; (b) adopting a broad, rather than narrow focus, when it comes to ethics; (c) committing to practical ethics, which bridges theory and practice to shed light on issues of practical relevance to all; and (d) decentering philosophy as the arbiter for what counts as “doing ethics.” The article ends with a look at challenges concerning stable funding and administrative support for a center that does not fit neatly into a single academic unit or specialty and shares some lessons learned.
Musikalischer g-Faktor oder multiple Faktoren? Struktur und Leistungskennwerte der musikalischen Hörfähigkeit von Jugendlichen
Authors: Pausch Viola , Müllensiefen Daniel , Kopiez Reinhard
Published: March 2022

Die Struktur musikalischer Fähigkeiten ist bislang nicht eindeutig identifiziert. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob es analog zu Gardners Konzept der multiplen Intelligenzen mehrere unabhängige Musikalitäten gibt oder analog zu Spearmans Generalfaktor der Intelligenz hingegen nur einen allgemeinen Musikalitätsfaktor. Hierbei wird Musikalität im Rahmen der LongGold-Studie mittels Tests zur Beat- und Intonationswahrnehmung sowie zur Melodie- und Emotionsunterscheidung an einer Stichprobe aus Jugendlichen (N = 1786) zwischen acht und 18 Jahren (M = 11,78, SD = 1,68) in Deutschland und Großbritannien gemessen. Insgesamt zeigen die Testwerte mittlere bis hohe Korrelationen. Der Vergleich zweier latenter Variablenmodelle und eine konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen geben Hinweise darauf, dass das Modell des allgemeinen g-Faktors der Intelligenz wahrscheinlich ebenfalls für musikalische Fähigkeit konzeptualisiert als einfaktorielles Modell gilt. Für die einzelnen Musikalitätstests werden Normwerte bereitgestellt, die nach Alter, Geschlecht und Ausmaß der musikalischen Ausbildung differenziert sind.
MANUFACTURING OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL ISOTOPES THROUGH THE LINAC 7 ACCELERATOR FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Etxebarria Ecenarro Victor , Feuchtwanger Jorge , PORTILLA JOAQUIN , JUGO JOSU , ARREDONDO IÑIGO , BADILLO INARI , ASUA ESTIBALIZ , ENPARANTZA RAFEL , ARIZ IRATXE , ETXEBESTE UNAI , HERNANDEZ IÑAKI
Published: March 2022

Linac 7 consists of a new generation linear proton accelerator completely designed and built at the Beam Laboratory (IZPILab-Beam Laboratory) of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. One of the most important health applications conceived within the Linac 7 project is the production of pharmaceuticals of various species, locally around large clinical centers. Currently, medical radioisotopes are manufactured externally to hospitals and involve the use of distant, expensive and complex infrastructures. This results in long transports, production of large doses of radioisotopes that decay rapidly over the several hours of transport, and also usually only elements with sufficient half-life for use as appropriate pharmaceuticals can be used, with no other options. Our compact Linac 7 linear accelerator allows the manufacture of multiple types of radioisotopes locally and tailored to the corresponding biomedical needs, including specific doses of pharmaceuticals for patients, on demand of the medical staff in our hospitals.

Keywords: Particle accelerators, radiopharmacy, nuclear medicine
New Distinct Component Patterns for Plantar Pressure Variables by Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Öztürk Başar , Çelik Yusuf
Published: March 2022

Background: It’s important to determine the plantar pressure distribution of school children by applying static and dynamic foot analyses using a pedobarography device. However, it’s difficult to obtain clear interpretations from results which can be explained by a large number of plantar pressure variables. The aim of this study is to use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to predict main components for reducing the size of big data sets, provide a practical overview and minimize information loss on the subject of plantar pressure assessment in youths.

Methods: In total, 112 school children were included in the current study (average age 10.58 ± 1.27 years, body mass index 18.86 ± 4.33 kg / m2). During the research, a Sensor Medica Freemed pedobarography device was used to obtain plantar pressure data. Each foot was divided into six anatomical regions and evaluated. Global and regional plantar pressure distribution, load and surface areas, pressure time integrals, weight ratios and geometric foot properties were calculated.

Results: PCA yielded ten principal component (PC) that together account for 81.88% of the variation in the data set and represent new and distinct patterns. Thus, 137 variables affecting the subject were reduced to ten components.

Conclusions: Static and dynamic plantar pressure distribution, which is affected by many variables, can be reduced to ten components by PCA, making the research results more concise and understandable.
Adult mouse fibroblasts retain organ-specific transcriptomic identity
Authors: Forte Elvira , Ramialison Mirana , Nim Hieu T , Mara Madison , Li Jacky Y , Cohn Rachel , Daigle Sandra L , Boyd Sarah , Stanley Edouard G , Elefanty Andrew G , Hinson John Travis , Costa Mauro W , Rosenthal Nadia A , Furtado Milena B
Published: March 2022

Organ fibroblasts are essential components of homeostatic and diseased tissues. They participate in sculpting the extracellular matrix, sensing the microenvironment, and communicating with other resident cells. Recent studies have revealed transcriptomic heterogeneity among fibroblasts within and between organs. To dissect the basis of interorgan heterogeneity, we compare the gene expression of murine fibroblasts from different tissues (tail, skin, lung, liver, heart, kidney, and gonads) and show that they display distinct positional and organ-specific transcriptome signatures that reflect their embryonic origins. We demonstrate that expression of genes typically attributed to the surrounding parenchyma by fibroblasts is established in embryonic development and largely maintained in culture, bioengineered tissues and ectopic transplants. Targeted knockdown of key organ-specific transcription factors affects fibroblast functions, in particular genes involved in the modulation of fibrosis and inflammation. In conclusion, our data reveal that adult fibroblasts maintain an embryonic gene expression signature inherited from their organ of origin, thereby increasing our understanding of adult fibroblast heterogeneity. The knowledge of this tissue-specific gene signature may assist in targeting fibrotic diseases in a more precise, organ-specific manner.
3. Fra bygd til by
Authors: Melhus Marita , Broderstad Ann Ragnhild
Published: March 2022

I dag bor 8 av 10 innbyggere i Norge i byer og tettsteder. Også mange samer bor i by. Til tross for dette, er det meste av forskninga på samisk helse blitt gjort i distriktene. Kunnskapsmangelen om urbane samers helse og levekår var bakgrunnen for studien «Fra bygd til by». «Fra bygd til by» består av to deler: en registeranalyse og en spørreskjemaundersøkelse. Registeranalysen ble utført i 2011 som et samarbeid mellom Senter for samisk helseforskning (SSHF) og Norsk institutt for by- og regionforskning (NIBR). Formålet var å analysere flyttemønsteret fra 23 samisk-norske distriktskommuner for 25 årskull med 15-åringer. Som voksen bodde mer enn hver tredje av disse personene i en by. Flere kvinner (39 %) enn menn (33 %) hadde flytta til byene. Finnmark fylke hadde kommunene med både flest og færrest utflyttere, hvor Kvalsund og Loppa hadde høyest utflytting (50 %), mens de samiske majoritetskommunene, Karasjok og Kautokeino, hadde lavest utflytting (25 %). Spørreskjemaundersøkelsen ble gjennomført i 2014 blant innbyggere i norske byer som hadde vokst opp i 23 samisk-norske distriktskommuner. Barna deres over 18 år ble også invitert til å delta. Studien består derfor av to separate utvalg; et førstegenerasjonsutvalg og et andregenerasjonsutvalg. I førstegenerasjonsutvalget deltok 2058 (34 %) av de inviterte. I andregenerasjonsutvalget deltok 1168 (19 %). Svarprosenten var lavest blant de yngste, blant menn og i de små, nordnorske byene. En tredjedel av deltakerne oppga samisk bakgrunn. Spørreskjemaet omhandla etnisk bakgrunn og språk, helse, livsstil, levekår, diskriminering, identitet, tradisjonelle ferdigheter/gjøremål, tilhørighet til sted og kultur, politisk deltakelse, meninger om samisk språk, flyttemotiver og samisktilbud i barnehage og skole.
12. Dearvvašvuođabálvalusaid gielalaš ja kultuvrralaš heiveheapmi – Kollektiiva vuoigatvuohta, dearvvašvuođafágalaš hástalus, individuála dárbbut
Authors: Dagsvold Inger
Published: March 2022

Norgga sámi álbmogis lea lága bokte nannejuvvon riekti oažžut ovttadássásaš dearvvašvuođabálvalusaid mat leat heivehuvvon sihke sin giela ja kultuvrra ektui. Dát doavttergrádaprošeakta lea jearahallamiid bokte guorahallan maid sámi pasieanttat ja terapevttat geain lea iešguđetlágan etnalaš duogáš oaivvildit makkár mearkkašupmi sámegielas ja sámi kultuvrras sáhttá leat ja movt dat sáhttet boahtit ovdan psyhkalaš dearvvašvuođasuodjalusa dikšundilálašvuođain Norgga davvisámi guovllu spesialistadearvvašvuođabálvalusas. Bohtosat čujuhit ahte gielalaš ja kultuvrralaš heiveheapmi lea kompleaksa, ja ahte daid heiveheapmi orru gártan ovttaskas terapevtta duohkai. Terapevttat vásihedje ahte dearvvašvuođainstitušuvnnat dávjá eai kárte pasieanttaid gielladárbbuid ovdal go dikšun álgá. Terapevttat fertejedje ieža identifiseret pasieanttaid giela ja fállat sámegielat bálvalusaid aitto go pasieanttat bohte. Dat attii unnit vejolašvuođa fállat bálvalusa mii lei gielalaččat heivehuvvon. Bohtosat čujuhit ahte guovttegielat pasieanttat ja terapevttat lonohallet sámegiela ja dárogiela gaskkas divššus. Giellaválljemii váikkuhit máŋggabealat sosiála ja kultuvrralaš fáktorat. Váilu diehtu das leatgo váikkuhusat giellalonohallamis dikšuma oktavuođas. Terapevttain geat serve guorahallamii ledje máŋga oaivila das mii sámi kultuvra lea, muhto digaštalle hárve pasieanttaid «kultuvrralaš vásáhusaid» bargoustibiiguin. Moadde terapevtta suokkardedje movt iežas ja/dahje dearvvašvuođasuodjalusa kultuvra sáhttá váikkuhit dasa movt sii ipmirdit sámi pasieanttaid vásáhusaid ja muitalemiid. Sii ohcaledje fágalaš digaštallamiid movt láhččet sámi kultuvrii saji oppalaččat, ja adde ovdamearkan konkrehta pasieanttaáššiid. Bohtosat čujuhit ahte dearvvašvuođainstitušuvnnain lea dárbu systemáhtalaččat kártet pasieanttaid giela ja plánet sámegielat dikšofálaldaga ovdal konsultašuvnna. Bohtosat čujuhit maiddái ahte lea dárbu máhttui movt ja mainna lágiin sáhttá «sámi kultuvrralaš» beliid sajáiduhttet psyhkalaš dearvvašvuođasuodjalusbálvalusaide klinihkalaš relevánta vugiin. Lea dárbu eanet dihtui das movt kollektiiva rivttiid sáhttá ovddidit dearvvašvuođa – ja fuolahusbálvalusan nu ahte váldet vuhtii sámi pasieanttaid individuála dárbbuid.
A SNP variation in an expansin (EgExp4) gene affects height in oil palm
Authors: Somyong Suthasinee , Phetchawang Phakamas , Bihi Abdulloh Kafa , Sonthirod Chutima , Kongkachana Wasitthee , Sangsrakru Duangjai , Jomchai Nukoon , Pootakham Wirulda , Tangphatsornruang Sithichoke
Published: March 2022

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), an Aracaceae family plant, is utilized for both consumable and non-consumable products, including cooking oil, cosmetics and biodiesel production. Oil palm is a perennial tree with 25 years of optimal harvesting time and a height of up to 18 m. However, harvesting of oil palm fruit bunches with heights of more than 2–3 meters is challenging for oil palm farmers. Thus, understanding the genetic control of height would be beneficial for using gene-based markers to speed up oil palm breeding programs to select semi-dwarf oil palm varieties. This study aims to identify Insertion/Deletions (InDels) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of five height-related genes, including EgDELLA1, EgGRF1, EgGA20ox1, EgAPG1 and EgExp4, in short and tall oil palm groups by PacBio SMRT sequencing technology. Then, the SNP variation’s association with height was validated in the Golden Tenera (GT) population. All targeted genes were successfully amplified by two rounds of PCR amplification with expected sizes that ranged from 2,516 to 3,015 base pair (bp), covering 5′ UTR, gene sequences and 3′ UTR from 20 short and 20 tall oil palm trees. As a result, 1,166, 909, 1,494, 387 and 5,384 full-length genomic DNA sequences were revealed by PacBio SMRT sequencing technology, from EgDELLA1, EgGRF1, EgGA20ox1, EgAPG1 and EgExp4 genes, respectively. Twelve variations, including eight InDels and four SNPs, were identified from EgDELLA1, EgGRF1, EgGA20ox1 and EgExp4. No variation was found for EgAPG1. After SNP through-put genotyping of 4 targeted SNP markers was done by PACE™ SNP genotyping, the association with height was determined in the GT population. Only the mEgExp4_SNP118 marker, designed from EgExp4 gene, was found to associate with height in 2 of 4 height-recordings, with p values of 0.0383 for height (HT)-1 and 0.0263 for HT-4. In conclusion, this marker is a potential gene-based marker that may be used in oil palm breeding programs for selecting semi-dwarf oil palm varieties in the near future.
An Android Based E-Commerce Application for Farmers
Authors: Kumar Ayush , Thakre Anchal , Kadam Sudhir
Published: March 2022

We have developed a mobile application for farmers, which will help them to sell their products directly to the consumers through this application. This mobile application helps the farmers sell as well as buy products through its easy and convenient interface. Farmers face a lot of challenges when it comes to selling their products and therefore the primary goal of our app is to provide a means for farmers to market their commodities at fair prices. Updated market prices and filters are also provided in the application to make it more convenient and efficient for farmers. This system has a simple interface that also provides certain filters that lets the consumer choose from a large variety of products from which they can select and purchase products according to their requirements. The main objective of this application is to take into concern the needs of the farmers as well as the buyers and fulfil their requirements accordingly. The fast and updated delivery system is one of the priorities of our android application.
Неуловимый оксоний, "Природа"
Authors: Расцветаева Рамиза Кераровна
Published: March 2022

Впервые получены рамановские спектры гидратированных минералов группы эвдиалита, структуры которых мы исследовали ранее. Эти спектры оказались значительно более чувствительными к присутствию гидратированных форм оксония, чем ИК-спектры. На них присутствуют сильные полосы в диапазоне 1300–2800 см, которые, согласно квантово-химическим расчетам, соответствуют расстояниям O···O в пределах 2.4–2.8 в структурах гидратированных эвдиалитов. Таким образом, присутствие оксония в эвдиалитах подтверждается не только косвенными признаками, но и получает прямое доказательство.
ПРОШЕНИЯ ПОРТУГАЛЬСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА И АДРЕСОВАННЫЕ ЕМУ ПАПСКИЕ ПОСЛАНИЯ В НАЧАЛЬНЫЙ ПЕРИОД ВЕЛИКОЙ СХИЗМЫ (1377–1380), "Средние века"
Authors: Русанов А.В.
Published: March 2022

В статье анализируется аргументация, которая использовалась папской курией и Лиссабонским университетом в текстах булл и прошений, составленных в начале Схизмы и в период недолгой поддержки Португальским королевством антипапы Климента VII (1380–1381). Риторика изучаемых источников включает правовые понятие и образы, заимствованные из более ранних юридических трактатов и собраний университетских привилегий. Многие из них, такие как studium generale и universitas, применявшиеся папской курией для регламентации университетской жизни, могли иметь несколько интерпретацийи использоваться в политических целях. Это ярко демонстрирует булла папы Григория XII, отправленная Португальскому университету в 1377 г. В 1380 г. португальская ученая корпорация ожидала, что в благодарность за поддержку авиньонского папы она получит значительные пожалования и подтверждение преемственности своего высокого статуса. Однако Климент VII в булле «In Superne dignitatis» использовал ряд противоречивых формулировок, de jure основав в Лиссабоне новый studium generale, что позволило ему продемонстрировать полноту своей власти, не предоставляя новые привилегии Португальскому университету. Однако участие в диалоге с понтификом способствовало трансформации представлений академического сообщества о своем месте в обществе.
ПЕДАГОГ И УЧЕНЫЙ: ПАМЯТИ ГАЛИНЫ ЕВГЕНЬЕВНЫ ЛЕБЕДЕВОЙ (1935–2021), "Средние века"
Authors: Прокопьев А.Ю.
Published: March 2022

30 октября 2021 г. ушел от нас замечательный человек, блестящий педагог и ученый, с именем которого самым тесным образом связаны судьбы петербургской и отечественной медиевистики. Не стало Галины Евгеньевны Лебедевой. На протяжении почти четверти века, с 1990 по 2015 г., она возглавляла кафедру истории Средних веков Санкт-Петербургского университета. И свыше полувека ее научная деятельность во многом определяла успехи петербургского византиноведения.
Empathy levels in Australian chiropractic students
Authors: Innes Stanley I. , Simpson J. Keith
Published: March 2022

Objective

Empathy is an important modifiable quality of health care practitioners that relates to the quality of patient care. The educative process may adversely affect the empathy levels of health care students at key phases of training. This topic remains unexplored in chiropractic students to date.

Methods

A voluntary and anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all chiropractic students in an Australian university-based program in April 2021. This questionnaire recorded age, sex, year of study, and Toronto Empathy Questionnaire scores.

Results

Chiropractic student empathy scores approximated those of other Australian health care students. No statistical differences were found when comparing the mean scores of empathy levels across the 5 student cohorts. The empathy levels of female chiropractic students' were significantly higher than those of the male chiropractic students.

Conclusion

This study provides a baseline from which further explorations on empathy may be conducted in chiropractic students. This holds the potential to improve practitioners' quality of life and patient outcomes and for educators to identify subject matter that may negatively affect empathy levels.
Artefactual, environmental and archaeological evidence from the Holyrood Parliament Site excavations
Authors: Holyrood Archaeology Project Team HAPT , Cox Adrian , Hall Derek , Photos-Jones Effie , Murdoch Robin , Franklin Julie , Ballin Torben Bjarke , Holmes Nicholas , Gallagher Dennis , Carter Stephen , Holden Tim , Hastie Mhairi , Smith Catherine , Cerrón-Carrasco Ruby
Published: March 2022

The site of the new Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh (NGR: NT 26702 73840) was the focus of archaeological work that illuminated medieval Canongate and unravelled the history of Queensberry House. It appears that the site was the location for prehistoric human activity, perhaps from the earliest period of habitation in Scotland. The material from the main excavation encompasses a broad date range, mainly reflecting the site’s occupation from the medieval period until recent times, although a lithic assemblage of prehistoric date was also present. The finds from the Queensberry House excavation provide additional insights, particularly into the later periods of activity on the site. The environmental evidence comprised carbonised plant remains, animal and fish bone, and soils and sediments.
Rediscovery of 4‐Trehalosamine as a Biologically Stable, Mass‐Producible, and Chemically Modifiable Trehalose Analog
Authors: Wada Shun‐ichi , Arimura Honami , Nagayoshi Miho , Sawa Ryuichi , Kubota Yumiko , Matoba Kazuaki , Hayashi Chigusa , Shibuya Yuko , Hatano Masaki , Takehana Yasuhiro , Ohba Shun‐ichi , Kobayashi Yoshihiko , Watanabe Takumi , Shibasaki Masakatsu , Igarashi Masayuki
Published: March 2022

Nonreducing disaccharide trehalose is used as a stabilizer and humectant in various products and is a potential medicinal drug, showing curative effects on the animal models of various diseases. However, its use is limited as it is hydrolyzed by trehalase, a widely expressed enzyme in multiple organisms. Several trehalose analogs are prepared, including a microbial metabolite 4‐trehalosamine, and their high biological stability is confirmed. For further analysis, 4‐trehalosamine is selected as it shows high producibility. Compared with trehalose, 4‐trehalosamine exhibits better or comparable protective activities and a high buffer capacity around the neutral pH. Another advantage of 4‐trehalosamine is its chemical modifiability: simple reactions produce its various derivatives. Labeled probes and detergents are synthesized in one‐pot reactions to exemplify the feasibility of their production, and their utility is confirmed for their respective applications. The labeled probes are used for mycobacterial staining. Although the derivative detergents can be effectively used in membrane protein research, long‐chain detergents show 1000–3000‐fold stronger autophagy‐inducing activity in cultured cells than trehalose and are expected to become a drug lead and research reagent. These results indicate that 4‐trehalosamine is a useful trehalose substitute for various purposes and a material to produce new useful derivative substances.
Atomically Precise Single Metal Oxide Cluster Catalyst with Oxygen‐Controlled Activity
Authors: Li Xinzhe , Guo Na , Chen Zhongxin , Zhou Xin , Zhao Xiaoxu , Du Yonghua , Ma Lu , Fang Yiyun , Xu Haomin , Yang Huimin , Yu Wei , Lu Shangchen , Tian Mingjiao , He Qian , Loh Kian Ping , Xi Shibo , Zhang Chun , Lu Jiong
Published: March 2022

Single cluster catalysts (SCCs) consisting of atomically precise metal nanoclusters dispersed on supports represent a new frontier of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the ability to synthesize SCCs with high loading and to precisely introduce non‐metal atoms to further tune their catalytic activity and reaction scope of SCCs have been longstanding challenges. Here, a new interface confinement strategy is developed for the synthesis of a high density of atomically precise Ru oxide nanoclusters (Ru3O2) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), attributed to the suppression of diffusion‐induced metal cluster aggregation. Ru3O2/rGO exhibits a significantly enhanced activity for oxidative dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) to quinoline with a high yield (≈86%) and selectivity (≈99%), superior to Ru and RuO2 nanoparticles, and homogeneous single/multiple‐site Ru catalysts. In addition, Ru3O2/rGO is also capable of efficiently catalyzing more complex oxidative reactions involving three reactants. The theoretical calculations reveal that the presence of two oxygen atoms in the Ru3O2 motif not only leads to a weak hydrogen bonding interaction between the THQ reactant and the active site, but also dramatically depletes the density of states near the Fermi level, which is attributed to the increased positive valence state of Ru and the enhanced oxidative activity of the Ru3O2 cluster for hydrogen abstraction.
Raising the Intrinsic Safety of Layered Oxide Cathodes by Surface Re‐Lithiation with LLZTO Garnet‐Type Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Junyang , Chen Rusong , Yang Lufeng , Zan Mingwei , Chen Penghao , Li Yu , Li Wenjun , Yu Huigen , Yu Xiqian , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan , Li Hong
Published: March 2022

Battery safety concerns are becoming more and more prominent with the increasing demands of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with higher energy density. The greatest threat to battery safety derives from the easy release of oxygen from the high‐capacity layered oxide cathodes at highly delithiated states and subsequent exothermic reactions with reductive agents in batteries. Herein, it is demonstrated that solid electrolyte Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) can supply lithium ions to re‐lithiate the charged LiCoO2 at elevated temperatures. Such a re‐lithiation process can lower the state‐of‐charge of LiCoO2, and thus, inherently postpones its structural decomposition and the associated release of oxygen during the heating process. The LiCoO2/graphite full cell with 1 wt% addition of LLZTO demonstrates remarkably enhanced safety performances. This work proposes a strategy that through the adoption of solid electrolytes to solve safety issues raised from both flammable liquid electrolytes and high capacity cathodes, to achieve intrinsically safe LIBs or solid‐state batteries.
Enhanced Performance of Carbon‐Based, Fully Printed Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells through Defects Passivation
Authors: Chen Kun , Zhang Zheling , Liu Jian , Huang Yu , Wang Dongjie , She Bin , Liu Baichen , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhang Jian
Published: March 2022

Carbon‐based, fully printed mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PMPSCs) possess outstanding environmental stability, which can be fabricated by screen‐printing techniques with low costs in large area. The performance of PMPSCs is severely hindered by strong carrier recombination from ionic defects at the grain boundaries in perovskite films. In this work, ethylene carbonate (EC) with electron‐rich CO functional groups are successfully introduced in to (5‐AVA)xMA1−xPbI3 PMPSCs as an additive to effectively suppress carrier recombination by passivating the defects at grain boundaries. The density functional theory calculations and film characterization reveal that EC effectively reduces charge trapping density by passivation of defects. With the introduction of EC, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PMPSCs with EC is increased up to 15.28% from 12.99% of PMPSCs without EC. In addition, PMPSCs with EC show excellent stability and better moisture resistance under air conditions. The PMPSCs with EC keep above 90% of the original PCE after 55 days stored in air with a humidity of 60 ± 10%. The work offers a strategy to passivate defects in high‐performance PMPSCs with excellent stability.
Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Highly Porous Structures Based on γ‐Al2O3 by Adding Graphene Nanoplatelets
Authors: Moreno‐Sanabria Luis , Ramírez Cristina , Osendi María Isabel , Belmonte Manuel , Miranzo Pilar
Published: March 2022

One of the main challenges to widen the potential applications of 3D printed highly porous ceramic structures in catalysis, energy storage or thermal management resides in the improvement of both their mechanical resistance and thermal conductivity. To achieve these goals, highly hierarchical γ‐alumina (γ‐Al2O3) scaffolds containing up to 18 vol% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), including channels of controlled size and shape in the millimeter scale and meso‐porosity within the rods, are developed by robocasting from boehmite‐based aqueous inks without other printing additives. These 3D structures exhibit high porosity (85%) and specific surface area of 100 m2 g−1. The incorporation of 12 vol% GNP leads to an enhanced mechanical response of the scaffolds, increasing the compressive strength and the elastic modulus up to ≈80% as compared with data for plain γ‐Al2O3 scaffolds. The thermal conductivity is measured by the transient plane source method using specifically designed 3D structures with external sidewalls and additional top/bottom covers to assure a good contact at the outer surfaces. The thermal conductivity of 3D porous structures augments with the GNP content, reaching a maximum value four times higher for the scaffolds containing 18 vol% GNP than that attained for the 3D monolithic γ‐Al2O3.
MoSi2N4: A 2D Regime with Strong Exciton–Phonon Coupling
Authors: Huang Dapeng , Liang Fei , Guo Ruiqi , Lu Dazhi , Wang Jiyang , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin
Published: March 2022

The exciton and phonon strong coupling in functional materials is rich of physics and has promising applications in modern optoelectronics and photonics. However, the direct realization of strong exciton–phonon coupling without complex and well‐designed resonator at room temperature is still a challenge in this topic associated with the Born–Oppenheimer approximation and constrained by the thermalized noise. Here, the enhancement of exciton–phonon coupling in 2D MoSi2N4 material is demonstrated by the near exciton resonance technique and first realization of the strong‐coupling states of exciton and phonon in MoSi2N4 at room temperature. With the involving of three‐band terms transition processes, the phonon scattering transition probability and exciton–phonon interaction are significantly enhanced. Then the strong coupling is reached which maintains high energy transfer efficiency between exciton and phonon supporting over ten phonon replicas at room temperature without introducing harsh resonant cavity. This work identifies that the 2D MoSi2N4 should be a promising strong‐coupling system for exploring many‐body quantum states with strong correlations and further applications in quantum systems, especially for exciton tailoring and room‐temperature tunable exciton lasers.
Synthesis of Porous Clay Heterostructures Modified with SiO2–ZrO2 Nanoparticles for the Valorization of Furfural in One‐Pot Process
Authors: Essih Salima , Cecilia Juan Antonio , Jiménez‐Gómez Carmen Pilar , García‐Sancho Cristina , García‐Mateos Francisco José , Rosas Juana María , Moreno‐Tost Ramón , Franco Francisco , Maireles‐Torres Pedro
Published: March 2022

The layered structure of two smectites (montmorillonite and saponite) are modified by the insertion of SiO2–ZrO2 nanoparticles, with a Si/Zr molar ratio of 5, to form porous clay heterostructures (PCHs). These PCHs exhibit a clear improvement of the textural and acid properties in comparison to the starting clays, due to the formation of a pillared structure and the presence of Zr species, which provide an increase in the amount of Lewis acid sites. These materials are studied in one‐pot catalytic processes to transform furfural into valuable products, such as furfuryl alcohol, alkyl furfuryl ethers, alkyl levulinates or γ‐valerolactone, depending on the experimental conditions. Thus, the use of milder reaction temperature (110 °C) favors the formation of furfuryl alcohol and alkyl furfuryl ethers, while higher temperatures (170 °C) promote the formation of alkyl levulinate and γ‐valerolactone, as well as an increase in nondetected products associated to the formation of humins due to the polymerization of furfural and/or furfuryl alcohol.
Ultrahigh Piezoelectric Performance through Synergistic Compositional and Microstructural Engineering
Authors: Yan Yongke , Geng Liwei D. , Zhu Li‐Feng , Leng Haoyang , Li Xiaotian , Liu Hairui , Lin Dabin , Wang Ke , Wang Yu U. , Priya Shashank
Published: March 2022

Piezoelectric materials enable the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice‐versa. Ultrahigh piezoelectricity has been only observed in single crystals. Realization of piezoelectric ceramics with longitudinal piezoelectric constant (d33) close to 2000 pC N–1, which combines single crystal‐like high properties and ceramic‐like cost effectiveness, large‐scale manufacturing, and machinability will be a milestone in advancement of piezoelectric ceramic materials. Here, guided by phenomenological models and phase‐field simulations that provide conditions for flattening the energy landscape of polarization, a synergistic design strategy is demonstrated that exploits compositionally driven local structural heterogeneity and microstructural grain orientation/texturing to provide record piezoelectricity in ceramics. This strategy is demonstrated on [001]PC‐textured and Eu3+‐doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) ceramics that exhibit the highest piezoelectric coefficient (small‐signal d33 of up to 1950 pC N–1 and large‐signal d33* of ≈2100 pm V–1) among all the reported piezoelectric ceramics. Extensive characterization conducted using high‐resolution microscopy and diffraction techniques in conjunction with the computational models reveals the underlying mechanisms governing the piezoelectric performance. Further, the impact of losses on the electromechanical coupling is identified, which plays major role in suppressing the percentage of piezoelectricity enhancement, and the fundamental understanding of loss in this study sheds light on further enhancement of piezoelectricity. These results on cost‐effective and record performance piezoelectric ceramics will launch a new generation of piezoelectric applications.
A Laser‐ARPES View of the 2D Electron Systems at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 and Al/SrTiO3 Interfaces
Authors: McKeown Walker Siobhan , Boselli Margherita , Martínez Emanuel A. , Gariglio Stefano , Bruno Flavio Y. , Baumberger Felix
Published: March 2022

The electronic structure of the two‐dimensional electron system (2DES) found at the Al/SrTiO3 (Al/STO) and LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interfaces is measured by means of laser angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, taking advantage of the large photoelectron escape depth at low photon energy to probe these buried interfaces. The possibility of tuning the electronic density in Al/STO by varying the Al layer thickness is demonstrated, and it is shown that the electronic structure evolution is well described by self‐consistent tight binding supercell calculations, but differs qualitatively from a rigid band shift model. It is shown that both 2DES are strongly coupled to longitudinal optical phonons, in agreement with previous reports of a polaronic ground state in similar STO based 2DESs. Tuning the electronic density in Al/STO to match that of LAO/STO and comparing both systems, it is estimated that the intrinsic LAO/STO 2DES has a bare band width of ≈60 meV and a carrier density of ≈6 × 1013 cm−2.
Insulin sensitivity as a predictor of longitudinal changes on body mass index in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: da Cruz Valéria Lima , Mediano Mauro Felippe Felix , Paravidino Vitor Barreto , Neves Fabiana Alves , de Oliveira Malafaia Tayanne , Rodrigues Junior Luiz Fernando , Moura Anibal Sanchez , Sichieri Rosely
Published: March 2022

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the effect of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance status at baseline on longitudinal body mass index, and the possible effect modification by sex.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a randomized intervention community trial, in which a subgroup of 84 adolescents, aged between 10 and 12 years, were analyzed. Body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were determined before and after 8 months of follow‐up. Glucose and serum insulin were examined at baseline and IR was defined based on the homeostasis model assessment—insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), with a cutoff >2.5 for both genders. Linear mixed‐effects models were performed to evaluate the influence of HOMA‐IR at baseline on BMI changes over time. Models were adjusted for age, pubertal stage, and stratified by sex.

Results

The sample comprised 65.4% of girls and the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 54.7% among girls and 50.0% among boys. The overall prevalence of IR was 75.3%, of which 60.7% for boys and 83.0% for girls. We found an interaction effect by sex (p = .004) for HOMA‐IR as a continuous variable, with a decreased BMI rate of change among boys (β = −0.13; p = .03) but not for girls (β = +0.03; p = .36). Longitudinal BMI changes considering IR status at baseline (IR vs. non‐IR) did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference for both boys (−0.1 vs. +0.4; p = .28) and girls (+0.7 vs. +1.0; p = .44).

Conclusion

Increased HOMA‐IR values at baseline were associated with greater BMI reduction over time among boys but not girls, with no influence of IR status.
Gold Nanostars: Synthesis, Optical and SERS Analytical Properties
Authors: Becerril‐Castro I. Brian , Calderon Irene , Pazos‐Perez Nicolas , Guerrini Luca , Schulz Florian , Feliu Neus , Chakraborty Indranath , Giannini Vincenzo , Parak Wolfgang J. , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramon A.
Published: March 2022

Gold nanostars are among the most efficient plasmonic nanomaterials for optical sensing with surface enhanced Raman scattering. In recent years, gold nanostars have increased relevance in physics, analytical chemistry, environmental science, biology and medicine, and in particular in sensing and therapy. These colloids can sustain ultrastrong electromagnetic fields which allow their use as single particles optical enhancers; are colloidally stable and may have a marked catalytical activity. Due to their exotic shape, these colloids present characteristic optical and reactive behaviors. Here, we briefly discuss the optical properties, the synthetic routes and the analytical applications of these nanoparticles.
Strong but heterogeneous distributional responses to climate change are projected for temperate and semi‐arid stream vertebrates
Authors: Elliott Jennifer , Passy Sophia I. , Pound Katrina L. , Merritt Glenn , Polkowske Stacy , Larson Chad A.
Published: March 2022

Globally, freshwater systems are threatened by climate change, so projections under various climate change scenarios are needed to inform efforts to protect and conserve already vulnerable taxa.

Here, the change in distribution of stream vertebrates was investigated under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Using occurrence data from multiple stream surveys in Washington State spanning 559 sites and 24 years, species distribution models for 23 aquatic vertebrate taxa (21 fish and two amphibians) were developed.

Models projected changes in taxon distributions for 2070 under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) ranging from 2.6 to 8.5 W m−2. To assess potential biological impacts of these predictions, changes in taxon richness and beta diversity of stream vertebrates were also investigated. Moreover, predictor variables were examined to assess which ones were more important in determining taxon distributions.

Substantial changes in the spatial distribution of stream vertebrates were projected for all RCP scenarios by 2070, but the greatest changes were expected to occur under RCP 6.0 and 8.5. The taxa evaluated were predicted to experience substantial increase, decrease, or shift in distribution.

Taxon richness of stream vertebrates was forecasted to increase with RCP scenario relative to historical conditions, suggesting that distributional expansions outpaced distributional contractions. However, beta diversity was predicted to decrease considerably, suggesting increased biotic homogenization. Variables important for determining future distributions varied by taxa, with most species influenced by a combination of variables.

These results indicate that failing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will lead to dramatic impacts on stream vertebrates. The magnitude of predicted future impacts was dependent upon RCP scenario, so advancements in policy to reduce carbon emissions are necessary. We also recommend as potential conservation measures preserving cold‐water refugia and increasing efforts to lower stream water temperatures by, for example, expanding the riparian cover and/or linking surface water to groundwater.
Rubicene, an Unusual Contorted Core for Discotic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Sivakumar Irla , Swamynathan K. , Ram Dinesh , Raghunathan V.A. , Kumar Sandeep
Published: March 2022

Rubicene, an unusual contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, was realized to function as a novel core fragment for discotic liquid crystals. The central π‐conjugated motif was prepared from dialkoxyiodobenzene via Sonagashira coupling followed by pentannulation and Scholl cyclodehydrogenation. The synthesized rubicene derivatives were found to be thermally stable and exhibit enantiotropic columnar mesophases. The columnar arrangement of these derivatives has been validated using polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry & small‐angle X‐ray scattering.
Release of 14C‐labeled carbon dioxide from ascorbic acid during straight dough wheat bread making
Authors: Beghin Alice S. , Ooms Nand , Brijs Kristof , Pareyt Bram , Delcour Jan A.
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives

The redox agent L‐ascorbic acid is included in wheat bread recipes for the dough strengthening and bread volume enhancing effects it brings about once converted into dehydro‐
L‐ascorbic acid. We here used different dosages of ascorbic acid along with 14C1‐labeled ascorbic acid to measure the loss of its C1‐atoms as carbon dioxide during dough fermentation and bread baking.

Findings

The loss of carbon dioxide from ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, or other components formed therefrom is mainly thermally induced. Higher dosages of ascorbic acid resulted in lower portions thereof losing their C1‐atom during baking with 80% or 59% of its C1‐atoms lost when dosing 10 or 300 ppm ascorbic acid (on flour base), respectively. Given the limited amount of molecular oxygen, which is needed for the conversion of ascorbic acid into dehydroascorbic acid, available in dough, a lower percentage‐wise conversion of the former into the latter is expected at a higher ascorbic acid dosage, which seems to be linked to a relatively lower percentage‐wise loss of C1‐atoms.

Conclusions

It was concluded that dehydroascorbic acid has a pivotal role in the reactions leading to ascorbic acid decarboxylation and its reaction products.

Significance and Novelty

Due to the increasing awareness of correct food product labeling, it is important to understand to which extent ascorbic acid is degraded during bread making.
A giant early second‐trimester placental chorioangioma associated with isolated proteinuria and histopathologically confirmed placental insufficiency, a novel association: A case report
Authors: Rahimi‐Sharbaf Fatemeh , Ghalandarpoor‐Attar Seyedeh Noushin , Moravej‐Salehi Farnaz , Ghalandarpoor‐Attar Seyedeh Mojgan
Published: March 2022

We present a case of giant chorioangioma at 18 weeks of gestation leading to fetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without other evidences of fetal volume overload and late‐onset isolated proteinuria. Oligohydramnios developed at term and placental insufficiency was confirmed on histopathological examination and a nonanemic nonthrombocytopenic normal weight healthy baby was delivered.
Rare and severe neural tube defect: Craniorachischisis totalis
Authors: Limaiem Faten , Dimassi Kaouther
Published: March 2022

Craniorachischisis totalis is an uncommon and severe form of neural tube defect. It is characterized by anencephaly and spina bifida throughout the vertebral column accompanied by herniation of neural tissue and meninges. Hepatic calcification in the fetus is rare and its clinical significance is not fully established.
Hydroxy Groups Enhance [2]Rotaxane Anion Binding Selectivity
Authors: Goodwin Rosemary J. , Docker Andrew , MacDermott‐Opeskin Hugo I. , Aitken Heather M. , O'Mara Megan L. , Beer Paul D. , White Nicholas G.
Published: March 2022

We report the synthesis of two [2]rotaxanes containing an interlocked three dimensional binding cavity formed from a pyridinium bis(amide) axle component containing two phenol donors, and an isophthalamide based macrocycle. In the competitive solvent mixture 1 : 1 CDCl3 : CD3OD, one of the receptors exhibits a much higher selectivity preference for chloride than an analogous rotaxane without the hydroxy groups. X‐ray crystal structures reveal the chloride anion guest encapsulated within the interlocked binding cavity, though not all of the hydrogen bond donors are utilised. Computational semi‐empirical simulations indicate that secondary intermolecular interactions occur between the axle hydroxy hydrogen bond donors and the [2]rotaxane macrocycle components, contributing to a more preorganised binding pocket, which may be responsible for the observed enhanced selectivity.