bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the Hair Follicular Pathway to Total Skin Permeation of Topically Applied and Exposed Chemicals
Authors: Mohd Fadli , Todo Hiroaki , Yoshimoto Masato , Yusuf Eddy , Sugibayashi Kenji
Published: November 2016

Generally, the blood and skin concentration profiles and steady-state skin concentration of topically applied or exposed chemicals can be calculated from the in vitro skin permeation profile. However, these calculation methods are particularly applicable to chemicals for which the main pathway is via the stratum corneum. If the contribution of hair follicles to the total skin permeation of chemicals can be obtained in detail, their blood and skin concentrations can be more precisely predicted. In the present study, the contribution of the hair follicle pathway to the skin permeation of topically applied or exposed chemicals was calculated from the difference between their permeability coefficients through skin with and without hair follicle plugging, using an in vitro skin permeation experiment. The obtained results reveal that the contribution of the hair follicle pathway can be predicted by using the chemicals’ lipophilicity. For hydrophilic chemicals (logarithm of n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Ko/w) < 0), a greater reduction of permeation due to hair follicle plugging was observed than for lipophilic chemicals (log Ko/w ≥ 0). In addition, the ratio of this reduction was decreased with an increase in log Ko/w. This consideration of the hair follicle pathway would be helpful to investigate the efficacy and safety of chemicals after topical application or exposure to them because skin permeation and disposition should vary among skins in different body sites due to differences in the density of hair follicles.
Characterization of Aniline Tetramer by MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry upon Oxidative and Reductive Cycling
Authors: Li Rebecca , Lin Cheng-Wei , Shao Yuanlong , Chang Che , Yao Fu-Kai , Kowal Matthew , Wang Haosen , Yeung Michael , Huang Shu-Chuan , Kaner Richard
Published: November 2016

By combining electrochemical experiments with mass spectrometric analysis, it is found that using short chain oligomers to improve the cycling stability of conducting polymers in supercapacitors is still problematic. Cycling tests via cyclic voltammetry over a potential window of 0 to 1.0 V or 0 to 1.2 V in a two-electrode device configuration resulted in solid-state electropolymerization and chain scission. Electropolymerization of the aniline tetramer to generate long chain oligomers is shown to be possible despite the suggested decrease in reactivity and increase in intermediate stability with longer oligomers. Because aniline oligomers are more stable towards reductive cycling when compared to oxidative cycling, future conducting polymer/oligomer-based pseudocapacitors should consider using an asymmetric electrode configuration.
Development of Cloud-Based UAV Monitoring and Management System
Authors: Itkin Mason , Kim Mihui , Park Younghee
Published: November 2016

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging technology with the potential to revolutionize commercial industries and the public domain outside of the military. UAVs would be able to speed up rescue and recovery operations from natural disasters and can be used for autonomous delivery systems (e.g., Amazon Prime Air). An increase in the number of active UAV systems in dense urban areas is attributed to an influx of UAV hobbyists and commercial multi-UAV systems. As airspace for UAV flight becomes more limited, it is important to monitor and manage many UAV systems using modern collision avoidance techniques. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based web application that provides real-time flight monitoring and management for UAVs. For each connected UAV, detailed UAV sensor readings from the accelerometer, GPS sensor, ultrasonic sensor and visual position cameras are provided along with status reports from the smaller internal components of UAVs (i.e., motor and battery). The dynamic map overlay visualizes active flight paths and current UAV locations, allowing the user to monitor all aircrafts easily. Our system detects and prevents potential collisions by automatically adjusting UAV flight paths and then alerting users to the change. We develop our proposed system and demonstrate its feasibility and performances through simulation.
Cellular Automata-Based Application for Driver Assistance in Indoor Parking Areas
Authors: Caballero-Gil Cándido , Caballero-Gil Pino , Molina-Gil Jezabel
Published: November 2016

This work proposes an adaptive recommendation mechanism for smart parking that takes advantage of the popularity of smartphones and the rise of the Internet of Things. The proposal includes a centralized system to forecast available indoor parking spaces, and a low-cost mobile application to obtain data of actual and predicted parking occupancy. The described scheme uses data from both sources bidirectionally so that the centralized forecast system is fed with data obtained with the distributed system based on smartphones, and vice versa. The mobile application uses different wireless technologies to provide the forecast system with actual parking data and receive from the system useful recommendations about where to park. Thus, the proposal can be used by any driver to easily find available parking spaces in indoor facilities. The client software developed for smartphones is a lightweight Android application that supplies precise indoor positioning systems based on Quick Response codes or Near Field Communication tags, and semi-precise indoor positioning systems based on Bluetooth Low Energy beacons. The performance of the proposed approach has been evaluated by conducting computer simulations and real experimentation with a preliminary implementation. The results have shown the strengths of the proposal in the reduction of the time and energy costs to find available parking spaces.
Image Intelligent Detection Based on the Gabor Wavelet and the Neural Network
Authors: Xu Yajun , Liang Fengmei , Zhang Gang , Xu Huifang
Published: November 2016

This paper first analyzes the one-dimensional Gabor function and expands it to a two-dimensional one. The two-dimensional Gabor function generates the two-dimensional Gabor wavelet through measure stretching and rotation. At last, the two-dimensional Gabor wavelet transform is employed to extract the image feature information. Based on the back propagation (BP) neural network model, the image intelligent test model based on the Gabor wavelet and the neural network model is built. The human face image detection is adopted as an example. Results suggest that, although there are complex textures and illumination variations on the images of the face database named AT&T, the detection accuracy rate of the proposed method can reach above 0.93. In addition, extensive simulations based on the Yale and extended Yale B datasets further verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Decoding the XXI Century’s Marketing Shift: An Agency Theory Framework
Authors: Dominici Gandolfo , Yolles Maurice
Published: November 2016

Since the beginning of the XXI century, marketing theory has moved through a series of epistemological shifts from modern positivism to postmodern constructivism. This has resulted in a series of changes to the main concepts of “traditional” marketing such as: market, product, customer, and value. These shifts can be better viewed under a social cybernetics approach such as agency theory. This is because there is now a view that the linear concept of value creation needs to give way to the more complex process of value cocreation, where value is created collectively. Agency theory is one approach that is able to shed light on how customers and providers are able to recursively create collective value during interaction in a market. The theoretical framework provided here is able to provide improved understanding of the interactions betfween (and among) customers and providers in the value cocreation process. In this theory, value cocreation is depicted as an interactive process between a set of “living system” agencies (providers and customers) in a given market arena. The framework can be an effective tool for the managers involved in marketing to contribute to providers’ policies by supplying a clearer portrait of the systemic relations involved in the value cocreation dynamics.
Impact of Dendrimer Terminal Group Chemistry on Blockage of the Anthrax Toxin Channel: A Single Molecule Study
Authors: Yamini Goli , Kalu Nnanya , Nestorovich Ekaterina
Published: November 2016

Nearly all the cationic molecules tested so far have been shown to reversibly block K+ current through the cation-selective PA63 channels of anthrax toxin in a wide nM–mM range of effective concentrations. A significant increase in channel-blocking activity of the cationic compounds was achieved when multiple copies of positively charged ligands were covalently linked to multivalent scaffolds, such as cyclodextrins and dendrimers. Even though multivalent binding can be strong when the individual bonds are relatively weak, for drug discovery purposes we often strive to design multivalent compounds with high individual functional group affinity toward the respective binding site on a multivalent target. Keeping this requirement in mind, here we perform a single-channel/single-molecule study to investigate kinetic parameters of anthrax toxin PA63 channel blockage by second-generation (G2) poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers functionalized with different surface ligands, including G2-NH2, G2-OH, G2-succinamate, and G2-COONa. We found that the previously reported difference in IC50 values of the G2-OH/PA63 and G2-NH2/PA63 binding was determined by both on- and off-rates of the reversible dendrimer/channel binding reaction. In 1 M KCl, we observed a decrease of about three folds in k o n and a decrease of only about ten times in t r e s with G2-OH compared to G2-NH2. At the same time for both blockers, k o n and t r e s increased dramatically with transmembrane voltage increase. PAMAM dendrimers functionalized with negatively charged succinamate, but not carboxyl surface groups, still had some residual activity in inhibiting the anthrax toxin channels. At 100 mV, the on-rate of the G2-succinamate binding was comparable with that of G2-OH but showed weaker voltage dependence when compared to G2-OH and G2-NH2. The residence time of G2-succinamate in the channel exhibited opposite voltage dependence compared to G2-OH and G2-NH2, increasing with the cis-negative voltage increase. We also describe kinetics of the PA63 ion current modulation by two different types of the “imperfect” PAMAM dendrimers, the mixed-surface G2 75% OH 25% NH2 dendrimer and G3-NH2 dendron. At low voltages, both “imperfect” dendrimers show similar rate constants but significantly weaker voltage sensitivity when compared with the intact G2-NH2 PAMAM dendrimer.
Addition of Carbon to the Culture Medium Improves the Detection Efficiency of Aflatoxin Synthetic Fungi
Authors: Suzuki Tadahiro , Iwahashi Yumiko
Published: November 2016

Aflatoxin (AF) is a harmful secondary metabolite that is synthesized by the Aspergillus species. Although AF detection techniques have been developed, techniques for detection of AF synthetic fungi are still required. Techniques such as plate culture methods are continually being modified for this purpose. However, plate culture methods require refinement because they suffer from several issues. In this study, activated charcoal powder (carbon) was added to a culture medium containing cyclodextrin (CD) to enhance the contrast of fluorescence and improve the detection efficiency for AF synthetic fungi. Two culture media, potato dextrose agar and yeast extract sucrose agar, were investigated using both plate and liquid cultures. The final concentrations of CD and carbon in the media were 3 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL, respectively. Addition of carbon improved the visibility of fluorescence by attenuating approximately 30% of light scattering. Several fungi that could not be detected with only CD in the medium were detected with carbon addition. The carbon also facilitated fungal growth in the potato dextrose liquid medium. The results suggest that addition of carbon to media can enhance the observation of AF-derived fluorescence.
N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY)—Major Metabolite of Nicotinamide: An Update on an Old Uremic Toxin
Authors: Lenglet Aurélie , Liabeuf Sophie , Bodeau Sandra , Louvet Loïc , Mary Aurélien , Boullier Agnès , Lemaire-Hurtel Anne , Jonet Alexia , Sonnet Pascal , Kamel Said , Massy Ziad
Published: November 2016

N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY, a major metabolite of nicotinamide, NAM) was recently identified as a uremic toxin. Recent interventional trials using NAM to treat high levels of phosphorus in end-stage renal disease have highlighted new potential uremic toxicities of 2PY. In the context of uremia, the accumulation of 2PY could be harmful—perhaps by inhibiting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity. Here, we review recently published data on 2PY’s metabolism and toxicological profile.
The Impact of Water Quality on the Use of Solar Water Heaters in Remote Islands of Taiwan
Authors: Fan Kai-Chun , Chang Keh-Chin , Chung Kung-Ming
Published: November 2016

The use of solar water heaters (SWHs) in Taiwan’s remote islands has been subjected to scaling and, in particular, corrosion problems due to sources of water. In this study, four different water quality indices including the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), the Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), the Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI), and the Larson-Skold Corrosive Index (LSCI) were employed to assess the scaling and corrosion tendencies in SWHs caused by tap water and ground water in the Penghu, Kinmen, and Lienchiang counties, each of which is constituted of several remote islands. In general, the LSI, the RSI, and the PSI results show a slight scaling tendency in Penghu, but a corrosion tendency in Kinmen and Lienchiang. Nevertheless, all LSCI results show a serious steel corrosion tendency in these three counties. In addition, the chloride ion (Cl−) concentrations are higher than 45 mg/L in either tap water (except for the Lieyu township in Kinmen) or ground water. This fact resulted in serious corrosion problems, as found in the currently installed SWHs, which were mainly made from 304 stainless steel. The metals with higher corrosion resistance to chloride ions are required in the manufacture of SWHs to be installed on these three remote-island counties.
Inferences of population structure and demographic history for Taxodium distichum, a coniferous tree in North America, based on amplicon sequencing analysis
Authors: Ikezaki Yuka , Suyama Yoshihisa , Middleton Beth A. , Tsumura Yoshihiko , Teshima Kousuke , Tachida Hidenori , Kusumi Junko
Published: November 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Studies of natural genetic variation can elucidate the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and the past population structure of species. Our study species, Taxodium distichum, is a unique conifer that inhabits the flood plains and swamps of North America. Morphological and ecological differences in two varieties, T. distichum var. distichum (bald cypress) and T. distichum var. imbricarium (pond cypress), are well known, but little is known about the level of genetic differentiation between the varieties and the demographic history of local populations.

METHODS:

We analyzed nucleotide polymorphisms at 47 nuclear loci from 96 individuals collected from the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (MRAV), and Gulf Coastal populations in Texas, Louisiana, and Florida using high‐throughput DNA sequencing. Standard population genetic statistics were calculated, and demographic parameters were estimated using a composite‐likelihood approach.

KEY RESULTS:

Taxodium distichum in North America can be divided into at least three genetic groups, bald cypress in the MRAV and Texas, bald cypress in Florida, and pond cypress in Florida. The levels of genetic differentiation among the groups were low but significant. Several loci showed the signatures of positive selection, which might be responsible for local adaptation or varietal differentiation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Bald cypress was genetically differentiated into two geographical groups, and the boundary was located between the MRAV and Florida. This differentiation could be explained by population expansion from east to west. Despite the overlap of the two varieties’ ranges, they were genetically differentiated in Florida. The estimated demographic parameters suggested that pond cypress split from bald cypress during the late Miocene.
GALAXY GROUPS IN THE 2MASS REDSHIFT SURVEY
Authors: Lu Yi , Yang Xiaohu , Shi Feng , Mo H. J. , Tweed Dylan , Wang Huiyuan , Zhang Youcai , Li Shijie , Lim S. H.
Published: November 2016

A galaxy group catalog is constructed from the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS) with the use of a halo-based group finder. The halo mass associated with a group is estimated using a “GAP” method based on the luminosity of the central galaxy and its gap with other member galaxies. Tests using mock samples show that this method is reliable, particularly for poor systems containing only a few members. On average, 80% of all the groups have completeness

, and about 65% of the groups have zero contamination. Halo masses are estimated with a typical uncertainty of 

. The application of the group finder to the 2MRS gives 29,904 groups from a total of 43,246 galaxies at

, with 5286 groups having two or more members. Some basic properties of this group catalog is presented, and comparisons are made with other group catalogs in overlap regions. With a depth to

and uniformly covering about 91% of the whole sky, this group catalog provides a useful database to study galaxies in the local cosmic web, and to reconstruct the mass distribution in the local universe.
THE IMPRINT OF EXOPLANET FORMATION HISTORY ON OBSERVABLE PRESENT-DAY SPECTRA OF HOT JUPITERS
Authors: Mordasini C. , van Boekel R. , Mollière P. , Henning Th. , Benneke Björn
Published: November 2016

The composition of a planet’s atmosphere is determined by its formation, evolution, and present-day insolation. A planet’s spectrum therefore may hold clues on its origins. We present a “chain” of models, linking the formation of a planet to its observable present-day spectrum. The chain links include (1) the planet’s formation and migration, (2) its long-term thermodynamic evolution, (3) a variety of disk chemistry models, (4) a non-gray atmospheric model, and (5) a radiometric model to obtain simulated spectroscopic observations with James Webb Space Telescope and ARIEL. In our standard chemistry model the inner disk is depleted in refractory carbon as in the Solar System and in white dwarfs polluted by extrasolar planetesimals. Our main findings are: (1) envelope enrichment by planetesimal impacts during formation dominates the final planetary atmospheric composition of hot Jupiters. We investigate two, under this finding, prototypical formation pathways: a formation inside or outside the water iceline, called “dry” and “wet” planets, respectively. (2) Both the “dry” and “wet” planets are oxygen-rich (C/O < 1) due to the oxygen-rich nature of the solid building blocks. The “dry” planet’s C/O ratio is <0.2 for standard carbon depletion, while the “wet” planet has typical C/O values between 0.1 and 0.5 depending mainly on the clathrate formation efficiency. Only non-standard disk chemistries without carbon depletion lead to carbon-rich C/O ratios >1 for the “dry” planet. (3) While we consistently find C/O ratios <1, they still vary significantly. To link a formation history to a specific C/O, a better understanding of the disk chemistry is thus needed.
MILLIMETER WAVE SPECTRUM AND ASTRONOMICAL SEARCH FOR VINYL FORMATE
Authors: Alonso E. R. , Kolesniková L. , Tercero B. , Cabezas C. , Alonso J. L. , Cernicharo J. , Guillemin J.-C.
Published: November 2016

Previous detections of methyl and ethyl formate make other small substituted formates potential candidates for observation in the interstellar medium. Among them, vinyl formate is one of the simplest unsaturated carboxylic ester. The aim of this work is to provide direct experimental frequencies of the ground vibrational state of vinyl formate in a large spectral range for astrophysical use. The room-temperature rotational spectrum of vinyl formate has been measured from 80 to 360 GHz and analyzed in terms of Watson’s semirigid rotor Hamiltonian. Two thousand six hundred transitions within J = 3–88 and K

a
 = 0–28 were assigned to the most stable conformer of vinyl formate and a new set of spectroscopic constants was accurately determined. Spectral features of vinyl formate were then searched for in Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), B1-b, and TMC-1 molecular clouds. Upper limits to the column density of vinyl formate are provided.
THE LOCATION, CLUSTERING, AND PROPAGATION OF MASSIVE STAR FORMATION IN GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS
Authors: Ochsendorf Bram B. , Meixner Margaret , Chastenet Jérémy , Tielens Alexander G. G. M. , Roman-Duval Julia
Published: November 2016

Massive stars are key players in the evolution of galaxies, yet their formation pathway remains unclear. In this work, we use data from several galaxy-wide surveys to build an unbiased data set of ∼600 massive young stellar objects, ∼200 giant molecular clouds (GMCs), and ∼100 young (<10 Myr) optical stellar clusters (SCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We employ this data to quantitatively study the location and clustering of massive star formation and its relation to the internal structure of GMCs. We reveal that massive stars do not typically form at the highest column densities nor centers of their parent GMCs at the ∼6 pc resolution of our observations. Massive star formation clusters over multiple generations and on size scales much smaller than the size of the parent GMC. We find that massive star formation is significantly boosted in clouds near SCs. However, whether a cloud is associated with an SC does not depend on either the cloud’s mass or global surface density. These results reveal a connection between different generations of massive stars on timescales up to 10 Myr. We compare our work with Galactic studies and discuss our findings in terms of GMC collapse, triggered star formation, and a potential dichotomy between low- and high-mass star formation.
OCEAN g-MODES ON TRANSIENT NEUTRON STARS
Authors: Deibel Alex
Published: November 2016

The neutron star ocean is a plasma of ions and electrons that extends from the base of the neutron star’s envelope to a depth where the plasma crystallizes into a solid crust. During an accretion outburst in an X-ray transient, material accumulates in the envelope of the neutron star primary. This accumulation compresses the neutron star’s outer layers and induces nuclear reactions in the ocean and crust. Accretion-driven heating raises the ocean’s temperature and increases the frequencies of

-modes in the ocean; when accretion halts, the ocean cools and ocean

-mode frequencies decrease. If the observed low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations on accreting neutron stars are

-modes in the ocean, the observed quasi-periodic oscillation frequencies will increase during the outburst—reaching a maximum when the ocean temperature reaches steady state—and subsequently decrease during quiescence. For time-averaged accretion rates during outbursts between

the predicted

-mode fundamental n = 1 l = 2 frequency is between ≈3–7 Hz for slowly rotating neutron stars. Accreting neutron stars that require extra shallow heating, such as the Z-sources MAXI J0556-332, MXB 1659-29, and XTE J1701-462, have predicted

-mode fundamental frequencies between ≈3–16 HZ. Therefore, observations of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations between

in these sources, or in other transients that require shallow heating, will support a

-mode origin for the observed quasi-periodic oscillations.
A DEEP X-RAY VIEW OF THE BARE AGN ARK 120. II. EVIDENCE FOR Fe K EMISSION TRANSIENTS
Authors: Nardini E. , Porquet D. , Reeves J. N. , Braito V. , Lobban A. , Matt G.
Published: November 2016

We report on the results from a large observational campaign on the bare Seyfert galaxy Ark 120, jointly carried out in 2014 with XMM-Newton, Chandra, and NuSTAR. The fortunate line of sight to this source, devoid of any significant absorbing material, provides an incomparably clean view to the nuclear regions of an active galaxy. Here we focus on the analysis of the iron fluorescence features, which form a composite emission pattern in the 6–7 keV band. The prominent Kα line from neutral iron at 6.4 keV is resolved in the Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating spectrum to a full-width at half maximum of

km s−1, consistent with an origin from the optical broad-line region. Excess components are detected on both sides of the narrow Kα line: the red one (6.0–6.3 keV) clearly varies in strength in about one year, and hints at the presence of a broad, mildly asymmetric line from the accretion disk; the blue one (6.5–7.0 keV), instead, is likely a blend of different contributions, and appears to be constant when integrated over long enough exposures. However, the Fe K excess emission map computed over the 7.5 days of the XMM-Newton monitoring shows that both the red and blue features are actually highly variable on timescales of ∼10–15 hr, suggesting that they might arise from short-lived hotspots on the disk surface, located within a few tens of gravitational radii from the central supermassive black hole and possibly illuminated by magnetic reconnection events. Any alternative explanation would still require a highly dynamic, inhomogeneous disk/coronal system, involving clumpiness and/or instability.
PECULIAR TRANSVERSE VELOCITIES OF GALAXIES FROM QUASAR MICROLENSING. TENTATIVE ESTIMATE OF THE PECULIAR VELOCITY DISPERSION AT Z ∼ 0.5
Authors: Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Muñoz J. A. , Battaner E.
Published: November 2016

We propose to use the flux variability of lensed quasar images induced by gravitational microlensing to measure the transverse peculiar velocity of lens galaxies over a wide range of redshift. Microlensing variability is caused by the motions of the observer, the lens galaxy (including the motion of the stars within the galaxy), and the source. Hence, its frequency is directly related to the galaxy’s transverse peculiar velocity. The idea is to count time-event rates (e.g., peak or caustic crossing rates) in the observed microlensing light curves of lensed quasars that can be compared with model predictions for different values of the transverse peculiar velocity. To compensate for the large timescale of microlensing variability, we propose to count and model the number of events in an ensemble of gravitational lenses. We develop the methodology to achieve this goal and apply it to an ensemble of 17 lensed quasar systems. In spite of the shortcomings of the available data, we have obtained tentative estimates of the peculiar velocity dispersion of lens galaxies at z ∼ 0.5,

. Scaling at zero redshift, we derive

, consistent with peculiar motions of nearby galaxies and with recent N-body nonlinear reconstructions of the Local Universe based on ΛCDM. We analyze the different sources of uncertainty of the method and find that for the present ensemble of 17 lensed systems the error is dominated by Poisson noise, but that for larger ensembles the impact of the uncertainty on the average stellar mass may be significant.
THE EXTENDED HIGH A(V) QUASAR SURVEY: SEARCHING FOR DUSTY ABSORBERS TOWARD MID-INFRARED-SELECTED QUASARS
Authors: Krogager J.-K. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Heintz K. E. , Geier S. , Ledoux C. , Møller P. , Noterdaeme P. , Venemans B. P. , Vestergaard M.
Published: November 2016

We present the results of a new spectroscopic survey for dusty intervening absorption systems, particularly damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs), toward reddened quasars. The candidate quasars are selected from mid-infrared photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer combined with optical and near-infrared photometry. Out of 1073 candidates, we secure low-resolution spectra for 108 using the Nordic Optical Telescope on La Palma, Spain. Based on the spectra, we are able to classify 100 of the 108 targets as quasars. A large fraction (50%) is observed to have broad absorption lines (BALs). Moreover, we find six quasars with strange breaks in their spectra, which are not consistent with regular dust reddening. Using template fitting, we infer the amount of reddening along each line of sight ranging from A(V) ≈ 0.1 to 1.2 mag (assuming a Small Magellanic Cloud extinction curve). In four cases, the reddening is consistent with dust exhibiting the 2175 Å feature caused by an intervening absorber, and for two of these, an Mg ii absorption system is observed at the best-fit absorption redshift. In the rest of the cases, the reddening is most likely intrinsic to the quasar. We observe no evidence for dusty DLAs in this survey. However, the large fraction of BAL quasars hampers the detection of absorption systems. Out of the 50 non-BAL quasars, only 28 have sufficiently high redshift to detect Lyα in absorption.
BANYAN. VIII. NEW LOW-MASS STARS AND BROWN DWARFS WITH CANDIDATE CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS
Authors: Boucher Anne , Lafrenière David , Gagné Jonathan , Malo Lison , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Doyon René , Chen Christine H.
Published: November 2016

We present the results of a search for new circumstellar disks around low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with spectral types >K5 that are confirmed or candidate members of nearby young moving groups. Our search input sample was drawn from the BANYAN surveys of Malo et al. and Gagné et al. Two Micron All-Sky Survey and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data were used to detect near- to mid-infrared excesses that would reveal the presence of circumstellar disks. A total of 13 targets with convincing excesses were identified: 4 are new and 9 were already known in the literature. The new candidates are 2MASS J05010082–4337102 (M4.5), J08561384–1342242 (

), J12474428–3816464 (

), and J02265658–5327032 (

); they are candidate members of the TW Hya (

Myr), Columba (∼

Myr), and Tucana-Horologium (

Myr) associations, with masses of 120 and 13–18

. The M8–L0 objects in Columba and Tucana-Horologium are potentially among the first substellar disk systems aged ∼40 Myr. Estimates of the new candidates’ mean disk temperatures and fractional luminosities are in the ranges ∼

and

, respectively. New optical spectroscopy of J0501–4337 reveals strong Hα emission, possibly indicating ongoing accretion, provides a detection of lithium absorption, and shows a radial velocity measurement that is consistent with a membership to Columba. We also present a near-infrared spectrum of J0226–5327 that reveals Paschen β emission and shows signs of low surface gravity, consistent with accretion from a disk and a young age.
THE CHARGE STATE OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ACROSS REFLECTION NEBULAE: PAH CHARGE BALANCE AND CALIBRATION
Authors: Boersma C. , Bregman J. , Allamandola L. J.
Published: November 2016

Low-resolution Spitzer spectral map data (>1700 spectra) of ten reflection nebulae (RNe) fields are analyzed using the data and tools available through the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database. The PAH emission is broken down into PAH charge state using a database fitting approach. Here, the physics of the PAH emission process is taken into account and uses target appropriate parameters, e.g., a stellar radiation model for the exciting star. The breakdown results are combined with results derived using the traditional PAH band strength approach, which interprets particular PAH band strength ratios as proxies for the PAH charge state, e.g., the 6.2/11.2 μm PAH band strength ratio. These are successfully calibrated against their database equivalent; the PAH ionized fraction (f

i
). The PAH ionized fraction is converted into the PAH ionization parameter, which relates the PAH ionized fraction to the strength of the radiation field, gas temperature and electron density. The behavior of the 12.7 μm PAH band is evaluated as a tracer for PAH ionization and erosion. The plot of the 8.6 versus 11.2 μm PAH band strength for the northwest photo-dominated region (PDR) in NGC 7023 is shown to be a robust diagnostic template for the PAH ionized fraction. Remarkably, most of the other RNe fall within the limits set by NGC 7023. Finally, PAH spectroscopic templates are constructed and verified as principal components. Template spectra derived from NGC 7023 and NGC 2023 compare extremely well with each other, with those derived for NGC 7023 successfully reproducing the PAH emission observed from NGC 2023.
Quelques questions obsédantes sur la prison
Authors: Delarue Jean-Marie
Published: November 2016

À l’encontre des perspectives sécuritaires, il importe aujourd’hui de promouvoir la réinsertion sociale des détenus. Une telle ambition passe par l’accroissement des liens sociaux, la construction d’établissements de petite taille, dans les villes, et une véritable offre de formation et de travail.
Civiliser la peine
Authors: Duvert Cyrille
Published: November 2016

Alors que les conditions de détention se dégradent, les politiques publiques oublient la question de la réinsertion sociale des détenus pour ne suivre qu’une logique comptable et l’obsession du djihadisme.
Orange Is the New Black
Authors: Desbarats Carole
Published: November 2016

La série imaginée par Jenji Kohan montre l’héroïsme des femmes dans le huis clos d’une prison, avec pudeur et humour. Elle prête une attention particulière aux phénomènes d’intersectionnalité et aux effets de la privatisation des prisons.
Obama en Syrie : la stratégie de l’évitement
Authors: Bahout Joseph
Published: November 2016

Obsédé par la nécessité de désengager les États-Unis du Moyen-Orient, Barack Obama a tout fait pour ne pas intervenir en Syrie. La diplomatie américaine se retrouve aujourd’hui empêchée, face à une Russie déterminée à s’imposer comme seul rempart contre le djihadisme.
De l’urgence d’une véritable politique industrielle
Authors: Lellouche Pierre
Published: November 2016

L’industrie française est en perte de vitesse sensible depuis de trop nombreuses années et ce comparativement à nos voisins européens, l’Allemagne en tête mais également le Royaume-Uni et l’Italie. La disparition depuis 2012 de plusieurs fleurons industriels passés sous giron étranger (Technip, Alcatel, Alstom Energie, Lafarge, PSA…) en est le signe le plus marquant. S’agissant de secteurs stratégiques, au-delà de l’impact sur l’emploi et les équilibres macroéconomiques, il en va de notre souveraineté actuelle et future et donc de notre identité. Ce déclin industriel ne doit pas être une fatalité. Il est encore temps pour les élites politiques et économiques du pays de faire preuve de lucidité et de courage en mettant en œuvre urgemment plusieurs mesures de bon sens.
La transformation digitale de l’intermédiation bancaire
Authors: Brack Estelle
Published: November 2016

Le digital (ou numérique) est aujourd’hui omniprésent et impacte durablement les acteurs économiques. Dans le secteur des services financiers, il transforme la relation du client vis-à-vis de l’argent et de la banque. Les nouveaux acteurs agiles et innovants, les fintechs, ont bouleversé l’équilibre instauré par les acteurs présents de longue date. Il apparaît que les fruits de cette innovation seraient davantage à rechercher sous la forme d’une complémentarité plutôt que d’une concurrence acharnée entre ces acteurs. Il permet également de réaliser des gains générationnels importants là où les infrastructures font défaut (en particulier dans les pays émergents) et fait émerger dans ce domaine une réelle influence Nord-Sud, Sud-Sud mais aussi Sud-Nord.
Vers un combat global contre la terreur
Authors: Mara Moussa
Published: November 2016

Alors que le monde est en proie aux attaques répétées du terrorisme, il est urgent de mettre en place une réponse globale. Une coalition internationale efficace dans la lutte contre l’extrémisme devra mettre en place des forces armées capables d’intervenir et de dissuader. De plus, elle devra procéder à la mise en commun de ses renseignements et informations afin de fluidifier la communication entre pays membres. En parallèle, il est souhaitable que la communauté musulmane fasse front commun contre cette menace et participe au développement de toutes ses nations. Une meilleure unité, une meilleure compréhension des valeurs de l’islam et un renforcement économique participeront ainsi à la lutte contre le terrorisme.
Temps et non-temps de la Chine en Afrique
Authors: Aurégan Xavier
Published: November 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser les relations entre la Chine et l’Afrique depuis les années 1950 à travers trois principaux temps qui permettent de mettre en perspective les « vingt glorieuses » de la Chine en Afrique, soit les rapports économiques et politiques afférents depuis 1994. Si le continent africain est un faiseur de puissance, l’inverse est également vrai puisque la Chine populaire est bien le principal acteur de la reconfiguration géopolitique africaine. En d’autres termes, la présence accrue de Pékin impose de facto une reconsidération des Afriques cosmopolitiques, qui se veut désormais essentiellement économique, mais pas uniquement. En cela, l’historicité de ce rapport global Chine-Afrique permet de reconsidérer ce changement de paradigme et d’en comprendre les différentes modalités et temporalités.
Les simulations européennes
Authors: Perchoc Philippe
Published: November 2016

Le développement des simulations dans les études européennes invite à se questionner sur les origines et la diffusion de cette méthode. Le Collège d’Europe à Bruges a été la première institution à offrir une formation spécifiquement dédiée à la construction européenne et elle a joué un rôle dans cette adaptation des simulations, méthode largement américaine, au contexte des études européennes. La généalogie de cette adaptation invite à débattre de ses raisons, de son contexte, de ses modalités et de sa diffusion, tout en ouvrant un champ de recherches sur la constitution progressive d’un espace européen de l’enseignement des études européennes.
« Académie européenne » ou « europäische Akademie » ?
Authors: Roa Bastos Francisco
Published: November 2016

Cet article se penche sur le développement des « études européennes » en Allemagne depuis 1945. Partant du constat de l’importance quantitative des travaux allemands sur l’Europe, il analyse les facteurs ayant pu favoriser en Allemagne l’institutionnalisation précoce des « études européennes ». Parmi ceux-ci, l’existence d’une prise en charge publique de l’« éducation politique » ( politische Bildung ) aux affaires nationales et européennes, mais aussi les moyens disponibles pour la structuration d’un mouvement fédéraliste européen autour de Europa Union Deutschland et ses dépendances jouent un rôle essentiel dans la production d’une « Académie européenne » à forte « tonalité allemande ».
De la carte routière à l’itinéraire obligé
Authors: Visier Claire
Published: November 2016

En nous centrant sur les relations interinstitutionnelles, il s’agit ici de comprendre les transformations qui ont affecté la politique européenne d’élargissement au cours des années 2000. Au travers de l’analyse des documents officiels, nous retracerons comment, dans un contexte de forte politisation de l’élargissement, les prises de positions et les interactions ont présidé, de façon contingente, à un réagencement du dispositif de l’élargissement à partir d’une transformation du paramétrage des instruments. Nous insisterons ensuite sur les effets induits de ce réagencement qui ont conduit au renouvellement en profondeur de la méthodologie de l’élargissement, et se faisant, à la transformation de la finalité d’une des composantes de la politique d’élargissement (la stratégie de préadhésion), ainsi qu’à la remise en cause du référentiel de la conditionnalité.
La adaptación de la pequeña empresa al neoliberalismo
Authors: Reyes Avellaneda Rafael , Solís Pérez Pedro Constantino
Published: November 2016

Avec la crise économique des années quatre-vingt au Mexique, l'État a modifié le modèle de régulation du marché, et changé un modèle de « bien-être » par un modèle « néolibéral ». Par la suite, le modèle est dépassé par l’incapacité de résoudre les problèmes économiques et sociaux, et le changement vers un style de pratique de gestion basé sur le rapport coût-bénéfice est le principal facteur avec lequel les autres participants de la société civile se rapportent : entrepreneurs, organisations civiles et individus dans la société. Dans ce modèle de gestion managériale du marché, régi par l'État, le marché devient ouvert, ayant seulement un cadre juridique, mais sans l’ingérence de l'État pour générer la croissance économique. Dans la poursuite de l'efficacité du marché, l'entreprise utilise de nouveaux mécanismes d'organisation ou de structures hiérarchiques comme un moyen de faire face à l'incertitude sur le marché. Ce modèle néolibéral de concurrence, et d'efficacité des entreprises au Mexique, génère chômage, sous-employés, précarité de l’emploi et une économie informelle. De petites entreprises émergent dans le secteur informel avec une forme particulière d'organisation, relations avec la famille, les amis et les usuriers, et un accès facile au marché exigeant de faibles niveaux de capital, d'éducation et d’infrastructure. Dans ce contexte, l'État se concentre sur les petits réseaux d'entreprises formelles et cherche à les intégrer dans des réseaux de grandes entreprises à travers des figures intermédiaires connus sous le nom d’accélérateurs, les gazelles et les tracteurs. Une solution fonctionnelle pour intégrer le modèle institutionnel aux petites entreprises informelles est de permettre de payer des impôts peu élevés par rapport aux entreprises formelles, en leur donnant l’occasion de se développer de façon indépendante et, si nécessaire, de les intégrer dans les chaînes de production, en leur donnant accès au crédit, à la technologie et à la formation.
Emprendimiento y Empresa Social Como Estrategia De Desarrollo Local
Authors: Portales Luis , Pérez Osmar Arandia
Published: November 2016

L'entrepreneuriat social et l'entreprise sociale se sont rapidement positionnés dans la littérature et les pratiques managériales pour leur capacité à intégrer la génération de valeur sociale. Cela apparaît dans l'attention portée aux problèmes sociaux et/ou environnementaux, et à la valeur économique, qui résulte de la production de biens et services positionnés sur les marchés nationaux et internationaux. Les caractéristiques des entrepreneurs et des entreprises les situent comme des stratégies de promotion et de mise en œuvre du développement local. Celles-ci ont différents types de portée et de limite selon l'approche sous laquelle elles sont construites.
La Empresas del Sector de la Restauración de Patrimonio Edificado y el Desarrollo Regional
Authors: González Pérez Claudia Rocío , Arriaga Navarrete Rosalinda
Published: November 2016

Cet article fournit des éléments à partir de l'économie, de la culture pour analyser le patrimoine historique au Mexique, met en évidence le rôle des entreprises de réhabilitation du patrimoine bâti, étant donné que l'amélioration produit un ensemble de biens et services culturels locaux qui est en concurrence sur les marchés mondiaux. De cette façon, le patrimoine devient un avantage concurrentiel pour le Mexique et un élément potentiel de développement local avec des liens mondiaux. Cette analyse conduit à un schéma proposé pour la politique publique qui affecte la chaîne inter- valeur par l'investissement public dans la préservation, la réhabilitation, la restauration et la réutilisation du patrimoine.
La Cultura Empresarial y su relación con el liderazgo de aprendizaje en las MIPyMES de la Ciudad de Durango, México
Authors: Gómez Romero José Gerardo Ignacio , Villarreal Solís Francisco Martín , Gurrola Ríos César
Published: November 2016

Le but de cette étude est d’analyser la relation entre les types de culture et d’apprentissage de leadership dans les TPE et PME de la ville de Durango, au Mexique ; particulièrement, elle a déterminé, d’une part, quelle est la culture d’entreprise dominante et le leadership d’apprentissage plus pertinent et d’autre part, comment l’apprentissage de leadership contribue à expliquer le type de culture. Pour atteindre ce but, un questionnaire appliqué a été basé sur Yeung, Ulrich, Nason et Von Glinow, (2000) et Gómez (2008) à un échantillon de 325 entreprises. Les résultats montrent que la culture dominante est “l’adhocratie” et que la direction de l’apprentissage dominant est le « Coach ». Les résultats révèlent également que l’apprentissage du leadership a un impact statistiquement significatif sur le type de culture d’entreprise visible dans les organisations étudiées.
Communication Between Acute Care Hospitals and Skilled Nursing Facilities During Care Transitions: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Jusela Cheryl , Struble Laura , Gallagher Nancy Ambrose , Redman Richard W. , Ziemba Rosemary A.
Published: November 2016

The purpose of the current project was to (a) examine the type of information accompanying patients on transfer from acute care to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), (b) discuss how these findings meet existing standards, and (c) make recommendations to improve transfer of essential information. The study was a retrospective convenience sample chart audit in one SNF. All patients admitted from an acute care hospital to the SNF were examined. The audit checklist was developed based on recommendations by local and national standards. One hundred fifty-five charts were reviewed. Transferring of physician contact information was missing in 65% of charts. The following information was also missing from charts: medication lists (1%), steroid tapering instructions (42%), antiarrhythmic instructions (38%), duration/indication of anticoagulant medications (25%), and antibiotic medications (22%). Findings support the need for improved transitional care models and better communication of information between care settings. Recommendations include designating accountability and chart audits comparing timeliness, completeness, and accuracy. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(3), 19–28.]
Older Adult Transitions into Long-Term Care: A Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Sullivan Gail J. , Williams Christine
Published: November 2016

As older adults age, they often experience health changes that require the need for long-term care (LTC). Transition to LTC can be stressful and lead to a further decline in health. The purpose of the current meta-synthesis was to provide an appraisal of older adults' transition experiences to LTC. This systemic appraisal included current qualitative research on these experiences, with analysis of the data guided by the middle range theory of transition. Three amalgamated themes were identified: (a)painful loss that requires a mourning process, (b)seeking stability through gaining autonomy to sustain a new sense of self, and (c)acceptance when a unique inner balance is reached. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing,43(3), 41–49.]
Las correcciones de Juan Rejano. En torno a Canciones de la paz (1955)
Authors: Luján Atienza Ángel Luis
Published: November 2016

Este artículo trata de dar cuenta de las razones que llevaron a Juan Rejano a eliminar el libro Canciones de la paz (1955) de su primera gran recopilación, Alas de tierra (1975), y a modificarlo sustancialmente en su última suma poética, La mirada del hombre (1978). Con el análisis de las circunstancias en que nació el libro, vinculado al Movimiento Mundial por la Paz e influenciado por las consignas del PCE, y con el estudio de variantes, poemas eliminados y poemas reubicados, podemos aventurar que Rejano no se sentía cómodo con la parte más combativa del libro y con la que presentaba la faceta más sombría de la realidad contemporánea, además de que no cabía el adoctrinamiento en una escritura explícitamente dirigida a los niños.