bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollen sequencing reveals barriers and aberrant patterns of recombination in interspecific tomato hybrids
Authors: Fuentes Roven Rommel , Nieuwenhuis Ronald , Chouaref Jihed , Hesselink Thamara , van Dooijeweert Willem , van den Broeck Hetty C. , Schijlen Elio , Fransz Paul , Stam Maike , de Jong Hans , Trivino Sara Diaz , de Ridder Dick , van Dijk Aalt D.J. , Peters Sander A.
Published: July 2022

Tomato is the most consumed vegetable in the world. Increasing its natural resistance and resilience is key for ensuring food security within a changing climate. Plant breeders improve those traits by generating crosses of cultivated tomatoes with their wild relatives. Specific allele introgression relying on meiotic recombination, is hampered by structural divergence between parental genomes. However, previous studies of interspecific tomato hybridization focused in single cross or lacked resolution due to prohibitive sequencing costs of large segregating populations. Here, we used pooled-pollen sequencing to reveal unprecedented details of recombination patterns in five interspecific tomato hybrids. We detected hybrid-specific recombination coldspots that underscore the influence of structural divergence in shaping recombination landscape. Crossover regions and coldspots show strong association with specific TE superfamilies exhibiting differentially accessible chromatin between somatic and meiotic cells. We also found gene complexes associated with metabolic processes, stress resistance and domestication syndrome traits, revealing undesired consequences of recombination suppression to phenotypes. Finally, we demonstrate that by using resequencing data of wild and domesticated tomato populations, we can screen for alternative parental genomes to overcome recombination barriers. Overall, our results will allow breeders better informed decisions on generating disease-resistant and climate-resilient tomato.
SRRM2 organizes splicing condensates to regulate alternative splicing
Authors: Xu Shaohai , Lai Soak-Kuan , Sim Donald Yuhui , Ang Warren Shou Leong , Li Hoi Yeung , Roca Xavier
Published: July 2022

SRRM2 is a nuclear-speckle marker containing multiple disordered domains, whose dysfunction is associated with several human diseases. Using mainly EGFP-SRRM2 knock-in HEK293T cells, we show that SRRM2 forms biomolecular condensates satisfying most hallmarks of liquid-liquid phase separation, including spherical shape, dynamic rearrangement, coalescence, and concentration dependence supported by in vitro experiments. Live-cell imaging shows that SRRM2 organizes nuclear speckles along the cell cycle. As bona-fide splicing factor present in spliceosome structures, SRRM2 deficiency induces skipping of cassette exons with short introns and weak splice sites, tending to change large protein domains. In THP-1 myeloid-like cells, SRRM2 depletion compromises cell viability, upregulates differentiation markers, and sensitizes cells to anti-leukemia drugs. SRRM2 induces a FES splice isoform that attenuates innate inflammatory responses, and MUC1 isoforms that undergo shedding with oncogenic properties. We conclude that SRRM2 acts as a scaffold to organize nuclear speckles, regulating alternative splicing in innate immunity and cell homeostasis.
Transformational contribution of technology to studio culture: experience of an online first-year architecture design studio during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hassanpour Badiossadat
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Design studios experienced an unprecedented contribution of technology when it came to organizing studios online, as imposed by COVID-19, which requires exploration of its impacts on the main metaphors of education, learning dimensions, and undoubtedly studio culture.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to explore the impacts on the key dimensions of learning, a careful investigation was carried out from organizational, instructional, and learner points of view. The investigation utilized thematic analysis of records of pedagogical actions, as well as online communications, performance, and questionnaire responses of students to infer the conclusions. The freshmen architecture students were found to be an important group for study since they had no previous experiences in on-site design studios and will continue their education based on their first-year experiences.

Findings

Exploration of indicators—including reflective dialogue, retention, transfer of learned information to decisions, processing feedback as an investment in future performance, and self-regulation—as major contributors to design learning revealed that first-year students exhibited strong presence and interaction during online studio, and students' individuality influenced the teaching environment in terms of content and process. Hence, sense of belonging, which is a revamped feature of authentic context and studio culture, expands toward fortification of bottom-up educational frontiers.

Originality/value

Developing pedagogies with no concern for the unprecedented impacts of the transformative role of technology on fundamental layers of design education will adversely influence students' chances of personal and professional success. The findings in this paper, regarding the transformational impacts of technology on design studio culture, follow investigation of the direction it has led current and can lead future design education. The study provides unique support for crystalizing new teaching and learning opportunities and pedagogical developments.
The experience of loneliness among school principals: episodic loneliness versus persistent day-to-day loneliness
Authors: Dor-Haim Peleg
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study explored the different manifestations that school principals attribute to their sense of loneliness, with reference to their career seniority. The study posed two questions: (1) what are the various interpretations that school principals attribute to their sense of loneliness, in regard to the way in which it is manifested in various contexts? and (2) what do school principals note as the reasons for their feelings of loneliness?

Design/methodology/approach

Based on 22 semi-structured interviews with Israeli school principals, two distinctive themes of loneliness expressions were found.

Findings

Two distinctive themes of loneliness expressions were found: (1) episodic loneliness, which includes three categories: a sense of alienation, loneliness resulting from conflicts and lack of support from superiors, and (2) persistent experiences of loneliness, which included three categories: loneliness associated with an exclusive sense of responsibility for what happens at school, a feeling that the principals' experience cannot be understood and being alone in a sense of commitment to tasks.

Originality/value

Despite the importance of studying loneliness in the workplace, this issue has received little research attention in the context of employees in educational systems in general and school principals in particular. Studying loneliness among school principals is of great importance due to the contention that schools' organizational structure may encourage the experience of loneliness.
Hospital-based ambulatory clinic adoption of video and telephone visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a convergent mixed-methods study
Authors: Stamenova Vess , Budhwani Suman , Soobiah Charlene , Fujioka Jamie , Khan Rumaisa , Liu Rebecca , Halperin Ilana , Bhatia R. Sacha , Desveaux Laura
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand virtual care use (e.g. telephone and video visits) during the COVID-19 pandemic across three hospital-based ambulatory clinics (i.e. mental health, renal and respiratory care) and to describe associated patient and provider experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods convergent study was conducted including quantitative electronic medical records data on virtual care use, electronic surveys assessing domains of experience (e.g. satisfaction, acceptance and technology use) among patient and providers and semi-structured interviews exploring the associated barriers and facilitators of virtual care adoption.

Findings

Virtual care adoption rates and relative modality use (telephone vs video) varied across specialty clinics. Mental health clinics) showed the greatest use of virtual care and greater use of video over telephone, as compared to renal and respiratory care, where telephone was used almost exclusively. Patients and providers reported an overall good satisfaction and acceptance of virtual care (60–72%) across clinics, but commonly observed barriers (technical problems, behavioral adaptations needed and inequity) persisted. Good value propositions, tech support and the presence of early adopters who can support others in workflow re-design and highlight value propositions of virtual care were listed as adoption facilitators.

Originality/value

The study provides a unique opportunity to compare the rate of virtual care adoption before and during the COVID-19 pandemic across distinct specialties that operate within the same organizational and political setting. This study showed that the nature of the condition (e.g. mental health conditions) and the characteristics of the users (e.g. younger patients) may drive models of care with higher rate of video use. Focusing on removing common barriers, like providing tech support and ensuring equitable access to patients, continues to be important even in the context of high virtual care adoption rates during the pandemic.
Towards a model of entrepreneurial behaviour: an evaluation of the history of Fabergé from 1842 to 2017
Authors: Thompson John L. , Day John
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss how over the past 180 years, a succession of largely unrelated entrepreneurs of differing capabilities have either created or recognised and exploited opportunities offered by this enduring company, their heritage and brand.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data was provided from discussions with Fabergé experts and the new owners of the brand. Extensive secondary data was also used and analysed.

Findings

The original Fabergé creations numbered some 200,000, but their creator is remembered best for 65 unique Imperial (and other) Eggs. Many pieces have survived, although the business disappeared in 1917. Since then, dealers and collectors have intervened symbiotically to protect the brand equity – supported by serendipitous popular cultural interventions – although a series of parallel entrepreneurial but parasitic interventions meant the brand and the original products became separated. This changed in 2007 with new owners acquiring the brand and resurrecting high-end jewellery production with a new business model. Their contemporary journey is both informed and shaped by Fabergé’s tumultuous past.

Research limitations/implications

Reinforces that while a universal theory of entrepreneurship eludes us that these three key elements – opportunity, uncertainty and resources – help explain the related behaviour of a series of different intervening entrepreneurs. This framework is offered for wider use and testing.

Practical implications

Advances the understanding of how entrepreneurs spot and enact opportunity.

Originality/value

Develops a model embracing parasitic and symbiotic interventions in the history of a brand, and a conceptual entrepreneurial model capturing three key elements that explain entrepreneurial behaviour. These being: opportunity seeking and exploitation, addressing uncertainty and deploying appropriate resources.
Prediction of energy balance from milk traits of Holsteins in Japan
Authors: Nishiura Akiko , Sasaki Osamu , Tanigawa Tamako , Kubota Asuka , Takeda Hisato , Saito Yuriko
Published: July 2022

We predicted the energy balance (EB) of Holstein cows in Japan from milk traits obtained by herd testing. Records covered 156 lactations of 102 cows. The number of artificial inseminations was highest, and the first conception rate was lowest in the low‐EB group. Four prediction models were developed—for the whole lactation and for the early, middle, and late stages of lactation—with 20 variables, covering days in milk (DIM), milk yield, and milk composition traits. The actual and predicted EB means agreed well within DIM classes; the means of the residuals were smaller in the lactation stage models than in the all‐lactation model, but the standard deviations (SDs) of the residuals were similar among models. After data reduction, the SDs of the residuals for 100 iterations were <1 throughout lactation in both types of models when n = 100. After model reduction, including the daily change of milk yield as a variable minimized the SDs of the residuals. Our equations for herd‐level EB prediction have potential for use in genetic evaluation.
By any sacramental means necessary: Baptism as engaged defiance of ecocide and empire
Authors: Vander Tuig Adam
Published: July 2022

By the end of his life, Malcolm X had become synonymous with the phrase, "by any means necessary." With this philosophy he expanded the black freedom struggle of his day, adding new urgency, militancy, and sobriety to the movement. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) has named God's gifts of Word and Sacrament the "means of grace." Held up to the revolutionary philosophy of Malcolm X, the degree to which our baptismal means have become domesticated and depoliticized becomes troublingly clear. This paper addresses these problems and offers a way forward. The special relationship that God, Jesus, and even Martin Luther had with water—to say nothing of our ongoing climate catastrophe—compels us to begin by rewatering and repoliticizing the entire baptismal process, introducing new urgency, militancy, and sobriety to our once revolutionary sacrament.
Integrated neural dynamics for behavioural decisions and attentional competition in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Erez Yaara , Kadohisa Mikiko , Petrov Philippe , Sigala Natasha , Buckley Mark J. , Kusunoki Makoto , Duncan John
Published: July 2022

In the behaving monkey, complex neural dynamics in the prefrontal cortex contribute to context‐dependent decisions and attentional competition. We used demixed principal component analysis to track prefrontal activity dynamics in a cued target detection task. In this task, the animal combined identity of a visual object with a prior instruction cue to determine a target/nontarget decision. From population activity, we extracted principal components for each task feature and examined their time course and sensitivity to stimulus and task variations. For displays containing a single choice object in left or right hemifield, object identity, cue identity and decision were all encoded in population activity, with different dynamics and lateralisation. Object information peaked at 100–200 ms from display onset and was largely confined to the contralateral hemisphere. Cue information was weaker and present even prior to display onset. Integrating information from cue and object, decision information arose more slowly and was bilateral. Individual neurons contributed independently to coding of the three task features. The analysis was then extended to displays with a target in one hemifield and a competing distractor in the other. In this case, the data suggest that each hemisphere initially encoded the identity of the contralateral object. The distractor representation was then rapidly suppressed, with the final target decision again encoded bilaterally. The results show how information is coded along task‐related dimensions while competition is resolved and suggest how information flows within and across frontal lobes to implement a learned behavioural decision.
The importance of self‐knowledge for free action
Authors: Gurrola Joseph
Published: July 2022

Much has been made about the ways that implicit biases and other apparently unreflective attitudes can affect our actions and judgments in ways that negatively affect our ability to do right. What has been discussed less is that these attitudes negatively affect our freedom. In this paper, I argue that implicit biases pose a problem for free will. My analysis focuses on the compatibilist notion of free will according to which acting freely consists in acting in accordance with our reflectively endorsed beliefs and desires. Though bias presents a problem for free action, I argue that there are steps agents can take to regain their freedom. One such strategy is for agents to cultivate better self‐knowledge of the ways that their freedom depends on the relationship between their conscious and unconscious attitudes, and the way these work together to inform action and judgment. This knowledge can act as an important catalyst for agents to seek out and implement short‐ and long‐term strategies for reducing the influence of bias, and I offer four proposals along these lines. The upshot is that though bias is a powerful influence on our actions, we need not resign ourselves to its negative effects for freedom.
Systematic review of data‐driven cognitive subtypes in Parkinson disease
Authors: Pourzinal Dana , Yang Jihyun , Lawson Rachael A. , McMahon Katie L. , Byrne Gerard J. , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N.
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose

Recent application of the mild cognitive impairment concept to Parkinson disease (PD) has proven valuable in identifying patients at risk of dementia. However, it has sparked controversy regarding the existence of cognitive subtypes. The present review evaluates the current literature pertaining to data‐driven subtypes of cognition in PD.

Methods

Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines, systematic literature searches for peer‐reviewed articles on the topic of cognitive subtyping in PD were performed.

Results

Twenty‐two relevant articles were identified in the systematic search. Subtype structures showed either a spectrum of severity or specific domains of impairment. Domain‐specific subtypes included amnestic/nonamnestic, memory/executive, and frontal/posterior dichotomies, as well as more complex structures with less definitive groupings. Preliminary longitudinal evidence showed some differences in cognitive progression among subtypes. Neuroimaging evidence provided insight into distinct patterns of brain alterations among subtypes.

Conclusions

Recurring phenotypes in the literature suggest strong clinical relevance of certain cognitive subtypes in PD. Although the current literature is limited, it raises critical questions about the utility of data‐driven methods in cognitive research. The results encourage further integration of neuroimaging research to define the latent neural mechanisms behind divergent subtypes. Although there is no consensus, there appears to be growing consistency and inherent value in identifying cognitive subtypes in PD.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging in dystonia: A systematic review of methodological approaches and findings
Authors: MacIver Claire L. , Tax Chantal M. W. , Jones Derek K. , Peall Kathryn J.
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose

Structural magnetic resonance techniques have been widely applied in neurological disorders to better understand tissue changes, probing characteristics such as volume, iron deposition and diffusion. Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder, resulting in abnormal postures and pain. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, with normal routine clinical imaging in idiopathic forms. More advanced tools provide an opportunity to identify smaller scale structural changes which may underpin pathophysiology. This review aims to provide an overview of methodological approaches undertaken in structural brain imaging of dystonia cohorts, and to identify commonly identified pathways, networks or regions that are implicated in pathogenesis.

Methods

Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies of idiopathic and genetic forms of dystonia were systematically reviewed. Adhering to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to January 2022, with studies reviewed for methodological quality and key findings.

Results

Seventy‐seven studies were included, involving 1945 participants. The majority of studies employed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (n = 45) or volumetric analyses (n = 37), with frequently implicated areas of abnormality in the brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia and sensorimotor cortex and their interconnecting white matter pathways. Genotypic and motor phenotypic variation emerged, for example fewer cerebello‐thalamic tractography streamlines in genetic forms than idiopathic and higher grey matter volumes in task‐specific than non‐task‐specific dystonias.

Discussion

Work to date suggests microstructural brain changes in those diagnosed with dystonia, although the underlying nature of these changes remains undetermined. Employment of techniques such as multiple diffusion weightings or multi‐exponential relaxometry has the potential to enhance understanding of these differences.
Exceptions to the rule: Relative roles of time, diversification rates and regional energy in shaping the inverse latitudinal diversity gradient
Authors: Cerezer Felipe O. , Machac Antonin , Rangel Thiago F. , Dambros Cristian S.
Published: July 2022

Aim

Inverse latitudinal diversity gradients (i‐LDGs), whereby regional richness peaks outside the tropics, have rarely been investigated, and their causes remain unclear. Here, we investigate three prominent explanations, postulating that species‐rich regions have had: (1) longer time to accumulate species; (2) faster diversification; and (3) more energy to support species‐rich communities. These mechanisms have been shown to explain the tropical megadiversity, and we examine whether they can also explain i‐LDG.

Location

Global.

Time period

Contemporary.

Major taxa studied

Amphibians, birds and mammals.

Methods

We estimated the time for species accumulation, regional diversification rates and regional energy for six tetrapod taxa (c. 800 species). We quantified the relative effects and interactions among these three classes of variables, using variance partitioning, and confirmed the results across alternative metrics for time (community phylometrics and BioGeoBEARS), diversification rates (BAMM and DR) and regional energy (past and current temperature, and productivity).

Results

Although regional richness across each of the six taxa peaked in the temperate region, it varied markedly across hemispheres and continents. The effects of time, diversification rates and regional energy varied greatly from one taxon to another, but high diversification rates generally emerged as the best predictor of high regional richness. The effects of time and regional energy were limited, with the exception of salamanders and cetaceans.

Main conclusions

Together, our results indicate that the causes of i‐LDG are highly taxon specific. Consequently, large‐scale richness gradients might not have a universal explanation, and different causal pathways might converge on similar gradients. Moreover, regional diversification rates might vary dramatically between similar environments and, depending on the taxon, regional richness might or might not depend on the time for species accumulation. Collectively, these results underscore the complexity behind the formation of richness gradients, which might involve a symphony of variations on the interplay of time, diversification rates and regional energy.
The Cost of Capital for Banks: Evidence from Analyst Earnings Forecasts
Authors: DICK‐NIELSEN JENS , GYNTELBERG JACOB , THIMSEN CHRISTOFFER
Published: July 2022

We extract cost of capital measures for banks using analyst earnings forecasts, which we show are unbiased. We find that the cost of equity and the cost of debt decrease in the Tier 1 ratio, whereas total cost of capital is uncorrelated with the Tier 1 ratio. These findings suggest that investors adjust their return expectations for banks in accordance with the Modigliani–Miller conservation‐of‐risk principle. Hence, increased capital requirements arenotmade socially costly based on a notion that market pricing violates risk conservation. Equity can nevertheless still be privately costly for banks because of reduced subsidies.
Localization and interaction studies of the Salmonella enterica ethanolamine ammonia‐lyase (EutBC), its reactivase (EutA), and the EutT corrinoid adenosyltransferase
Authors: Costa Flavia G. , Escalante‐Semerena Jorge C.
Published: July 2022

Some prokaryotes compartmentalize select metabolic capabilities. Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 (hereafter S. Typhimurium) catabolizes ethanolamine (EA) within a proteinaceous compartment that we refer to as the ethanolamine utilization (Eut) metabolosome. EA catabolism is initiated by the adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl)‐dependent ethanolamine ammonia‐lyase (EAL), which deaminates EA via an adenosyl radical mechanism to yield acetaldehyde plus ammonia. This adenosyl radical can be quenched, requiring the replacement of AdoCbl by the ATP‐dependent EutA reactivase. During growth on ethanolamine, S. Typhimurium synthesizes AdoCbl from cobalamin (Cbl) using the ATP:Co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (ACAT) EutT. It is known that EAL localizes to the metabolosome, however, prior to this work, it was unclear where EutA and EutT localized, and whether they interacted with EAL. Here, we provide evidence that EAL, EutA, and EutT localize to the Eut metabolosome, and that EutA interacts directly with EAL. We did not observe interactions between EutT and EAL nor between EutT and the EutA/EAL complex. However, growth phenotypes of a ΔeutT mutant strain show that EutT is critical for efficient ethanolamine catabolism. This work provides a preliminary understanding of the dynamics of AdoCbl synthesis and its uses within the Eut metabolosome.
THE JAPANESE ARTS AND MEDITATION‐IN‐ACTION
Authors: Wiseman Harris
Published: July 2022

The Japanese arts (dō) provide a rigorous, ritual‐like set of structures which involve moral and aesthetic training, as well as providing techniques for body‐mind synchronization (constituting as such: meditation‐in‐action). The article explores the links between the Japanese arts and Zen Buddhist ideals (particularly Sōtō Zen) of enlightenment being nothing other than the consistent practice of one's art. Japanese archery (kyudō) will be highlighted to illustrate this, as will the Japanese lifelong learning philosophy (shugyō). The article concludes by bringing into contrast two very different notions of what spiritual development consists in, one of which is highly conservative with respect to its traditions (per the Japanese arts), and the other which explicitly characterizes spiritual development as a process of renewing one's tradition as one practices it (per Margaret Masterman and Richard Sennett). It is suggested that, for better or worse, maintaining the extreme purity of one's practices is unrealistic in today's profoundly interconnected world.
Design of Chimneys to Control Down-Wash of Gases
Authors: Sherlock R. H. , Lesher E. J.
Published: July 2022

Studies to determine the laws of behavior of stack gases as they flow downwind, and to prevent down-wash of these gases, have been in progress at the University of Michigan since March, 1934, when a project (1, 2) in this field was sponsored by the Commonwealth Edison Company of Chicago under the direction of Mr. William L. Abbott and Mr. Alex D. Bailey. That pioneer project was connected with the Crawford Avenue Station and was followed during the later years by other studies dealing with the extension of old plants and the design of stacks for new plants. The material presented in this paper was obtained almost entirely from recent studies sponsored by the Commonwealth Edison Company.
Cutter Life for Face-Milling Cast Iron
Authors: Gilbert W. W. , Boston O. W. , Siekmann H. J.
Published: July 2022

This is a second paper to give the results of a series of tests to face-mill a variety of metals with cutters of various materials. The work was sponsored by the War Production Board under the auspices of the Office of Production Research and Development, through the Manufacturing Engineering Committee of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. A great deal of data was obtained which, as yet, has not been published. An extensive series of tool-life and power tests were made under controlled laboratory conditions, to evaluate the capacity of sintered-carbide, cast nonferrous metal, and high-speed-steel face-milling cutters when milling several classes of cast iron. The variables reported here consist of the following: Grade of cast iron, tool material, feed, depth, width of bar, number of teeth in cutter, and the cutting speed. The effect of each variable was evaluated by making tool-life tests at several speeds to obtain cutting-speed tool-life curves (VTn = C). All of these variables are finally summarized in a nomograph which shows the importance of each variable and predicts the tool life.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Friction During Flow Across Banks of Tubes—V: A Study of a Cylindrical Baffled Exchanger Without Internal Leakage
Authors: Bergelin O. P. , Brown G. A. , Colburn A. P.
Published: July 2022

The experimental results of a research program on tubular heat exchangers have been extended from unbaffled rectangular tube banks to a cylindrical baffled exchanger designed so that internal leakage can be eliminated or controlled accurately. The present results represent the first stage, in which internal leakage is essentially absent, and future work will be directed to evaluate the effects of known leakage areas. Pressure drops across a single crossflow section and a single window are measured for viscous and turbulent flow for heating, cooling, and isothermal conditions. The friction results for the crossflow section agree well with previous data on simple crossflow units in the turbulent region, but are somewhat lower in the viscous region.
Gambogic Acid Induces HO-1 Expression and Cell Apoptosis through p38 Signaling in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Su Shih-Chi , Chen Yi-Tzu , Hsieh Yi-Hsien , Yang Wei-En , Su Chun-Wen , Chiu Wen-Yu , Yang Shun-Fa , Lin Chiao-Wen
Published: July 2022

Gambogic acid (GA), a natural and bioactive compound from the gamboge resin, has been reported to exhibit many oncostatic activities against several types of malignancies. However, its effects on the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we investigated the anticancer role of GA and molecular mechanisms underlying GA’s actions in combating oral cancer. We found that GA negatively regulated the viability of OSCC cells, involving induction of the sub-G1 phase and cell apoptosis. In addition, a specific signature of apoptotic proteome, such as upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and activation of caspase cascades, was identified in GA-treated OSCC. Moreover, such induction of HO-1 expression and caspase cleavage by GA was significantly diminished through the pharmacological inhibition of p38 kinase. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that GA promotes cell apoptosis in OSCC, accompanied with the activation of a p38-dependent apoptotic pathway. Our findings provide potential avenues for the use of GA with high safety and therapeutic implications in restraining oral cancer.
Zirconium oxide film deposition properties to build transparent electronic devices in conjunction with tin dioxide
Authors: Fonseca Lucas P. , Scalvi Luis V. A.
Published: July 2022

ZrO2 thin films are deposited by the sol–gel dip-coating technique where the thermal annealing temperature and the number of deposited layers determine the properties of this material concerning the application in field-effect transistor (FET) devices in conjunction with SnO2 layer, also produced by sol–gel dip-coating. The best annealing temperature for the ZrO2 film was found as 400°C, along with a small number of layers and the position of the layer inside the oven, which determines the dominant heat transport mechanism of conduction or convection phenomena. The electrical insulating property of ZrO2 layers was confirmed with the current in the order of pA, even for layers about 100 nm thick. The temperature of 400°C also leads to a lower leak current through the gate in the device, which is three orders of magnitude lower than the source-drain current (in the order of a tenth of [Formula: see text]A).
Neural artificial networking for a nonlinear darcy–forchheimer chemically reactive flow: Levenberg marquardt analysis
Authors: Raja M. Asif Zahoor , Shoaib M. , Zubair Ghania , Khan M. Ijaz , Ahmad Sohail , Elattar Samia
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the 3D Darcy–Forchheimer flow model (TDDF-FM) is discussed by utilizing the artificial intelligence-based backpropagated neural networks with the algorithm of Levenberg–Marquardt (BNN-ALM) along with the convective conditions. The effects of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis are also examined. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ODEs. Lobatto IIIA method is used to interpret the reference dataset of BNN-ALM for different scenarios of TDDF-FM by variation of porosity parameter, Forchheimer parameter, ratio parameter, Prandtl number, Biot number, Brownian motion parameter, Schmidt number, strength parameter of homogeneous reaction and thermophoresis parameter. The solutions are computed for the designed TDDF-FM by testing, training and validation processes of BNN-ALM. The performance analysis of the designed BNN-ALM is validated by histogram analysis, regression studies and the results of mean square error (MSE). Graphs are presented for temperature profile, concentration profile and concentration rate profile. The increasing values of porosity parameter, Forchheimer parameter and Biot number enhance the temperature distribution, whereas the temperature profile shows a decreasing behavior with the increase in Prandtl number and ratio parameter. The concentration profile increases with the increase in porosity parameter, Forchheimer parameter and thermophoresis parameter and it decreases with the increasing behavior of Brownian motion parameter, ratio parameter and Schmidt number. The concentration rate profile decreases with the increase in porosity parameter, Forchheimer parameter and strength parameter of homogeneous reaction and it increases with the ratio parameter. The best performance values for different cases of scenarios are 1.42E−08, 1.70E−08, 1.78E−08, 1.61E−08, 2.43E−08, 1.05E−08, 1.30E−08, 1.59E−08 and 2.31E−08, attained at 215, 186, 178, 99, 125, 213, 187, 190 and 191 epochs. The values for the Gradient factor are 9.93E−08, 9.86E−08, 9.99E−08, 2.97E−07, 1.23E−07, 9.94E−08, 9.94E−08, 9.87E−08 and 9.94E−08, where the value of regression is [Formula: see text] for the training, testing and validation data.
Evaluation of the electronic, optical, elastic, mechanical, and vibrational properties of B2O3 using hybrid functional
Authors: Tse Geoffrey
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the electronic, optical, elastic, mechanical, and vibrational properties of glass B2O3 have been investigated. Simulations have been carried out including the P3121 structure. Our nonlocal empirical hybrid has accurately described the electronic band structure and band gap energy [Formula: see text] of the material. Our optical absorption plot has correctly identified the type of the glass B2O3 structure. The absorption plot also shows the interband indirect transitions from the valance O 2p1 to conduction B 2p4 orbitals. We have also included the elastic constants and phonon dispersions to test the dynamic stability of the systems. Our theoretical findings bear fundamental interests in the development of complicated amorphous nanostructures.
Hardware-Based Built-In Security Module in System on Chip (SoC) without System Slowdowns or Loss of Productivity
Authors: Dharane Pradeep , Shiurkar Ulhas D.
Published: July 2022

The system environments are built with extensible, flexible, extensible and feature-rich platforms that provide consumers with the benefits of several services, applications and devices. However, the evolution of the internet and shared networks has changed the computing systems more vulnerable to attacks based on the operating system, software and hardware levels. Due to this, there is a growing need to ensure the software and hardware platforms are being secured from viruses or other unauthorized operations. In this paper, a new Hardware-based built-in security module has been proposed in System on Chip (SoC) without loss of productivity and system slowdown. The proposed process integrates a Hardware security module within the SoC, and it establishes higher visibility and controllability of the SoC than achieved from an external device. First, the proposed method allows the SoC to check without dependency on other unsecured elements within the system. Then, the method can examine some components within the SoC on its own to test from time-to-time that no unauthorized access or attempts to bypass the integrity of the system or SoC has been made. After, it allows the SoC to be controlled without any dependency on other unsecured components or communication via unsecured external interfaces. IxChariot is used to carry out the performance test, and then the hardware-based security is proved using Atheros Mini PCIeXB112 cards. As a result, better TCP throughputs of 571, 571 and 604 have been determined in normal mode, and in burst mode, 580, 572 and 619 throughputs have been determined. Finally, the security hardware provides security without system slowdown or lost productivity and burdening the host processor.
DRIIS: Research on Image Classification of Art Education System Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Yi Xiaofen
Published: July 2022

With the fast advancement of computer technology, using it as an auxiliary teaching technique in art classes may not only improve the content of art classes but also give students with advice. This research develops an art education picture categorization technique and a system based on an upgraded deep learning model. To categorize artistic photos, this technique suggests using the dual-kernel squeeze-and-excitation (DKSE) module with deep separable convolutional operations to form a convolutional neural network. The suggested model has a classification accuracy of 86.49%, which is 26.29% better than the standard classification models. The classification accuracy of the DKSE module branch is 87.54% when the convolutional kernels are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The suggested DKSE network model extracts both the overall and partial information of artistic images efficiently.
Dexamethasone: Therapeutic Applications, Targets and Translation
Authors: Hirday Rishabh S. , Tam Grace H. , O’Neill Audrey A. , Davis Mollie S. , Schloss Rene S.
Published: July 2022

Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid that has historically been used to treat inflammation, such as from osteoarthritis, spinal cord injury and, more recently, COVID-19. The mechanism of action of dexamethasone is generally known to include attenuation of pro-inflammatory responses as well as upregulation of anti-inflammatory elements. A major issue with the use of dexamethasone is its delivery, as it is normally administered in large quantities via methods like bolus injection to attempt to maintain sufficient concentrations days or weeks after administration. In this review, we examine the mechanism of action of dexamethasone and its effects on three major cell types in the context of specific diseases: macrophages in the context of COVID, chondrocytes in the context of osteoarthritis, and astrocytes in the context of neuro-inflammatory disease. From this, we identify the key proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-a) as universal effectors of inflammation that should be targeted alongside dexamethasone administration. Additionally, we review current extended release dosing mechanisms for dexamethasone to act over periods of weeks and months. We suggest that dual treatment of dexamethasone with IL-1 and/or TNF-a monoclonal antibodies will be an effective immediate treatment for inflammation, while the addition of fully developed dexamethasone extended release mechanisms will allow for effective long-term control of inflammatory disease.
Reaching for the Sky: Maximizing Deep Learning Inference Throughput on Edge Devices with AI Multi-Tenancy
Authors: Hao Jianwei , Subedi Piyush , Ramaswamy Lakshmish , Kim In Kee
Published: July 2022

The wide adoption of smart devices and Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensors has led to massive growth in data generation at the edge of the Internet over the past decade. Intelligent real-time analysis of such a high volume of data, particularly leveraging highly accurate deep learning (DL) models, often requires the data to be processed as close to the data sources (or at the edge of the Internet) to minimize the network and processing latency. The advent of specialized, low-cost, and power-efficient edge devices has greatly facilitated DL inference tasks at the edge. However, limited research has been done to improve the inference throughput (e.g., number of inferences per second) by exploiting various system techniques. This study investigates system techniques, such as batched inferencing, AI multi-tenancy, and cluster of AI accelerators, which can significantly enhance the overall inference throughput on edge devices with DL models for image classification tasks. In particular, AI multi-tenancy enables collective utilization of edge devices’ system resources (CPU, GPU) and AI accelerators (e.g., Edge Tensor Processing Units; EdgeTPUs). The evaluation results show that batched inferencing results in more than 2.4× throughput improvement on devices equipped with high-performance GPUs like Jetson Xavier NX. Moreover, with multi-tenancy approaches, e.g., concurrent model executions (CME) and dynamic model placements (DMP), the DL inference throughput on edge devices (with GPUs) and EdgeTPU can be further improved by up to 3× and 10×, respectively. Furthermore, we present a detailed analysis of hardware and software factors that change the DL inference throughput on edge devices and EdgeTPUs, thereby shedding light on areas that could be further improved to achieve high-performance DL inference at the edge.
Epigenetic modifications in metabolic memory: What are the memories, and can we erase them?
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Natarajan Rama
Published: July 2022

Inherent and acquired abnormalities in gene regulation due to the influence of genetics and epigenetics (traits related to environment rather than genetic factors) underlie many diseases including diabetes. Diabetes could lead to multiple complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease that greatly increase morbidity and mortality. Epigenetic changes have also been linked to diabetes-related complications. Genes associated with many pathophysiological features of these vascular complications (e.g., inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress) can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms involving histone posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, changes in chromatin structure/remodeling, and noncoding RNAs. Intriguingly, these epigenetic changes triggered during early periods of hyperglycemic exposure and uncontrolled diabetes are not immediately corrected even after restoration of normoglycemia and metabolic balance. This latency in effect across time and conditions is associated with persistent development of complications in diabetes with prior history of poor glycemic control, termed as metabolic memory or legacy effect. Epigenetic modifications are generally reversible and provide a window of therapeutic opportunity to ameliorate cellular dysfunction and mitigate or “erase” metabolic memory. Notably, trained immunity and related epigenetic changes transmitted from hematopoietic stem cells to innate immune cells have also been implicated in metabolic memory. Hence, identification of epigenetic variations at candidate genes, or epigenetic signatures genome-wide by epigenome-wide association studies can aid in prompt diagnosis to prevent progression of complications and identification of much-needed new therapeutic targets. Herein, we provide a review of epigenetics and epigenomics in metabolic memory of diabetic complications covering the current basic research, clinical data, and translational implications.
Evaluation of Hot Money Drivers in China: A Structural VAR Approach
Authors: Hu Weigang , Zhou Yan , Liu Jun
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the drivers of hot money in China. It develops a model based on expectation‐variance utility theory in the theoretical analysis section. The model considers a foreign investor who faces the question of how to distribute his wealth between foreign and domestic assets. The model’s analysis suggests that economic variations, such as expected domestic currency appreciation, rise in domestic asset return, drop in foreign asset return, domestic economic growth, decrease in domestic inflation, and rise in foreign asset risk will cause foreign investors to distribute more wealth in domestic assets. Therefore, hot money flows in, and vice versa. In the empirical analysis section, the paper estimates structural VAR models using data from 2000 to 2019 in China. The impulse response functions are consistent with the theoretical predictions: when there is a positive domestic inflation shock, hot money outflows increase (inflows decline) in the current period, but the response is not significant. When there is a positive domestic growth rate shock or positive domestic asset return rate shock, hot money inflows increase (outflows decline) in the current period, and the response reaches its peak in the next period. Furthermore, when there is a positive expected exchange rate shock, hot money outflows increase (inflows decline) in the current period. Of these drivers, the expected exchange rate has the largest impact on hot money, and the domestic growth rate has the most enduring effect.
The Clinical Noteworthiness of Plasma NT‐ProBNP Standard in Sufferers with Cardiogenic Cerebral Embolism and Its Diagnostic Value for Such Sufferers
Authors: Shi YongWei , Liu Hong , Liu Qun , Wang Mengdi
Published: July 2022

In order to explore the clinical noteworthiness of plasma NT‐proBNP standards in sufferers with cardiogenic cerebral embolism and its diagnostic value for such sufferers, a retrospective study is conducted by the clinical data of sufferers with cerebral embolism. 100 sufferers with cerebral embolism admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 are selected. According to the heparin‐like drug therapy of acute ischemic stroke test (TOAST) classification criteria, they are divided into cardiac sufferers with cerebral embolism set (43 cases) and noncardiac cerebral embolism set (57 cases). The analysis results show the correlation between serum NT‐proBNP standard and neurological impairment score. The detection of‐proBNP standard can be used as a diagnostic indicator of disease severity and prognosis for sufferers with cardiogenic cerebral embolism.