bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR MODIFYING THE PARTIAL SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION IN LATENT SEMANTIC INDEXING
Authors: Tougas Jane E.
Published: October 2018

The tremendous size of the Internet and modern databases has made efficientsearching and information retrieval (IR) important. Latent semantic indexing (LSI) is an IR method that represents a dataset as a term-document matrix. LSI uses a matrix factorization method known as the partial singular value decomposition (PSVD). Calculating the PSVD of a large term-document matrix is computationally expensive. In a rapidly expanding environment, a term-document matrix is altered often as new documents and terms are added. Recomputing the PSVD of the term-document matrix each time these slight alterations occur can be prohibitively expensive. Folding-in is one method of adding new documents or terms to an LSI database; updating the PSVD of the existing LSI database is another. The folding-in method is computationally inexpensive, but may cause deterioration in the accuracy of the PSVD. The PSVD-updating method is computationally more expensive than the folding-inmethod, but better maintains the accuracy of the PSVD. Folding-up is a new method that combines folding-in and PSVD-updating. Folding-up is faster than either recomputing the PSVD or PSVD-updating, but avoids the degradation in the PSVD that can occur when the folding-in method is used on its own.La taille incroyable d’Internet et des bases de données modernes a fait en sorteque la recherche efficace d’informations est maintenant importante. L’indexation par sémantique latente (ISL) est une méthode de recherche d’informations qui représente un jeu de données comme une matrice document-terme. L’ISL comprend l’utilisation d’une méthode de factorisation matricielle connue sous le nom de décomposition partielle en valeurs singulières (DPVS). Le calcul de la DPVS d’une grande matrice document-terme est coûteux sur le plan des calculs. Dans un environnement en expansion rapide, une matrice document-terme est souvent modifiée à mesure que de nouveaux documents et termes sont ajoutés. Le recalcul de la DPVS de la matrice document-terme chaque fois qu’une légère modification est apportée peut devenir très coûteux. L’intégration (folding-in) est une méthode pour ajouter de nouveaux documents ou termes dans une base de donnée ISL, et la mise à jour de la DPVS de la base de données ISL existante en est une autre. La méthode d’intégration est peu coûteuse sur le plan des calculs, mais elle peut entraîner une perte d’exactitude de la DPVS. La méthode de mise à jour de la DPVS est plus coûteuse sur le plan des calculs, mais elle permet de mieux préserver l’exactitude de la DPVS. La méthode d’intégration et de mise à jour (folding-up) est une nouvelle méthode qui combine l’intégration et la mise à jour de la DPVS. Cette méthode est plus rapide que le recalcul ou la mise à jour de la DPVS, mais elle permet d’éviter la perte d’exactitude de la DPVS qui peut survenir quand seule la méthode d’intégration est utilisée.
Introduction and Executive
Authors: NSIS Proceedings
Published: October 2018

Not available.
ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF A NON-NATIVE FISH, THE SNOWY GROUPER, (Epinephelus niveatus) IN NOVA SCOTIAN WATERS
Authors: Sharp Glyn , Gilhen John , Veinot Megan , Semple Robert
Published: October 2018

At Clam Harbour, Nova Scotia in September 2005, two juvenile Snowy Groupers,Epinephelus niveatus (Valenciennes 1828), were captured. Subsequently, in October 2006 during the regular census of six artificial reefs in Sambro Harbour near Halifax, four juvenile Snowy Groupers were observed and one was captured. During the observation period the fish remained close to the reefs and fed voraciously. The arrival of the Snowy Groupers was correlated with the occurrence of a warm Gulf Stream tendril and their disappearance coincided with a drop in water temperature to 7.2°C.En septembre 2005, deux méroux neigeux juvéniles (Epinephelus niveatus– Valenciennes, 1828) ont été capturés à Clam Harbour (Nouvelle‑Écosse). En octobre 2006, quatre méroux neigeux juvéniles ont été observés et un autre capturé durant inventaire régulier de six récifs artificiels dans le havre Sambro près de Halifax. Durant la période d’observation, les poissons sont demeurés près des récifs et se nourrissaient avec voracité. L’arrivée et le départ des méroux neigeux ont coïncidé avec l’arrivée et le départ d’une masse d’eau chaude amenée par le Gulf Stream (la température de l’eau a chuté jusqu’à 7,2 °C une fois la masse d’eau chaude passée).
President's Report
Authors: Grossert J. Stuart
Published: October 2018

Not available.
Librarian's Report 2007-2008
Authors: Longard Sharon
Published: October 2018

Not available.
Editor's Report 2008-2009
Authors: Wells Peter G.
Published: October 2018

Not available.
Birds of Brier Island
Authors: Mills Eric L. , Laviolette Lance
Published: October 2018

Brier Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, at the southwestern entrance to the Bay of Fundy, has been known for years as a prime birding destination. It combines access to unusually rich gatherings of pelagic birds, the chance of seeing rarities in greater frequency than almost anywhere else in the province, and the spectacle of large volume land bird migrations. The island lies at the intersection of migratory routes along the east coast of North America. Because of intense oceanic turbulence in the adjacent shallow water, which is in close proximity to deeper water, rich feeding is available for nearshore seabirds and pelagic species. Of the 470+ species recorded from the Province of Nova Scotia as a whole, 355 have been recorded from Brier Island. Many of these are vagrants, mainly of western or southern origin in North America; others are common passage migrants that visit the island briefly in very large numbers, especially in autumn. Apart from possible vagrants in spring and fall, the island is noted for the abundance of passerine migrants in autumn, a striking hawk migration in September and October, late-summer gatherings of phalaropes, shearwaters, and storm petrels, and an abundance of overwintering alcids, loons, grebes, and sea ducks in winter. The island has been the site of bird-banding activity and of Christmas counts for more than 50 years. We provide an introduction to the physiography, geology, physical geography, oceanography, and ecology of the island, along with a list of the breeding birds, a comparison with Grand Manan, New Brunswick, an extensively annotated list of the birds plausibly reported from the island to the middle of 2011, describing occurrence, seasonality, and abundance of all species, and a checklist of the birds of the island. Species occurrence data available via the OBIS Canada data repository http://ipt.iobis.org/obiscanada/resource?r=brierisland_birds
EDITOR’S REPORT NSIS ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING MAY 2ND, 2011
Authors: Wells Peter G.
Published: October 2018

Status of the Proceedings of the NSISREPORTS FROM THE NSIS COUNCILNOVA SCOTIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
FIRST VERIFIED RECORD FOR SHORTNOSE STURGEON, Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur, 1818, IN MINAS BASIN, BAY OF FUNDY, NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA
Authors: Dadswell Michael J. , Nau George , Stokesbury Michael J.W.
Published: October 2018

A shortnose sturgeon was caught in fisherman Wayne Linkletter’s intertidal fish weir in Minas Basin near Economy, Nova Scotia, on June 29, 2013. It was an adult, 73.7 cm fork length and weighed ~4.5 kg. Fishers in Minas Basin relate that they have captured shortnose sturgeons in their weirs in the past decade (1 or 2 fish/y) but this is the first sighting verified by photographic evidence. In Canada shortnose sturgeons were previously known only from the Saint John River and Harbour. The new record extends the coastal range of the species by approximately 165 km and is a new addition to the fish fauna of Nova Scotia.
CHANGES TO THE PUBLICATION OF THE PNSIS OCTOBER 2013
Authors: Other Business NSIS
Published: October 2018

News from the NSIS Librarian
THE FISHERY FOR SPECKLED TROUT, Salvelinus fontinalis, OVER A 28 YEAR PERIOD IN THE TANGIER GRAND LAKE WILDERNESS AREA, NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: MacMillan John L. , Madden Reginald J. , Wilson Tamara , Kenney Megan
Published: October 2018

The Tangier Grand Lake Wilderness Area (16,000 ha) is located about 100km east of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and supports a popular fishery for speckled trout. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of the trout fishery and address concerns related to over-exploitation. Angler check points were occupied during 1979 and 2007 on an access road to sample the catch of anglers during the May-June period of heavy angler activity. In 1979, a total of 1380 interviewed anglers spent 6889 hours to catch 1852 trout. In comparison, a total of 178 interviewed anglers spent 1363 hours to catch 593 trout during 2007. The differences associated with sample size between survey years reflect sub-sampling in 2007 rather than a change in angler activity. The majority of anglers retained less than three trout and of the total trout caught, anglers released 19% in 1979 and 50% in 2007. Catch per hour, size, age, and growth rate of trout were similar between surveys. Results indicated that there was little change in this fishery between the 28 years separating the two creel surveys.
Enabling high-accuracy, position monitoring of Sable Island through the Nova Scotia Coordinate Referencing System
Authors: Bond Jason
Published: October 2018

Since 1968, the Province of Nova Scotia has carried out a mandate of providing coordinate referencing infrastructure for its citizens. The current infrastructure is known as the Nova Scotia Coordinate Referencing System (NSCRS) and allows property boundaries, engineering works, and natural features to be spatially related within the Province, including Sable Island. Traditionally, thousands of survey monuments across the Province provided access to the coordinate referencing system for surveying and engineering work. Of the original 23,000 monuments installed in the 1970s and 1980s, many have been destroyed by natural occurrences or human activities. In the case of Sable Island, most have been enveloped by sand or the sea.  In 2013, the Province began implementing a modernized strategy for delivering coordinate referencing services to its citizens using permanent GPS stations. This technology was installed at Main Station on Sable Island in June of 2014. This GPS infrastructure has already had a positive impact by:a)Allowing, for the first time, the three dimensional position of Sable Island (specifically Main Station) to be monitored with millimeter level accuracy b)Enabling Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and aerial photography surveys to be consistently referenced within a global reference frame; andc)Providing quick and accurate positioning of natural features around the island with millimeter level accuracy and consequently enabling long term, position trends of these features (e.g., Bald Dune) to be determined.Each of these topics is discussed and a history of the NSCRS on Sable Island is presented.
A Century of Maritime Science: The St. Andrews Biological Station
Authors: Sinclair Alain
Published: October 2018

N/A
Membership Form
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous
Published: October 2018

N/A
BIO Voyage of Discovery Book Ad
Authors: Anonymous Anonymous
Published: October 2018

N/A
Climate change in the Maritimes – concerns and challenges
Authors: Wells Peter G. , Richardson David H.S.
Published: October 2018

N/A
Remembering Distinguished NSIS Members. Dave Jamieson – A legacy of high standards
Authors: Jamieson Rebecca A. , Boyd Robert , McCulloch Archie , Quilliam Michael , Ramaley Louis
Published: October 2018

N/A
Using laser photogrammetry to measure long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas)
Authors: Wong Joanna B. , Auger-Méthé Marie
Published: October 2018

Knowledge of animal morphometry is important to understanding their ecology. By attaching two parallel lasers to a camera, known as laser photogrammetry (LP), a scale is projected onto photographed animals, allowing measurement of their body. Our primary aims were to test LP precision, and to estimate body length from dorsal-fin dimensions of Globicephala melas. Secondary aims involved demonstrating applications of LP, such as sex and leader determination. Using photographs taken over two-months, we measured dorsal base lengths (DBL) of 194 individuals individually-identified with natural markings. Results indicated 33 individuals were photographed in multiple encounters and eight matched previously-sexed whales. A mean difference of <2.1% between DBL’s of 58% of repeatedly-sighted individuals was found, and whales closer to the boat (<22m) produced more precise measures. The length from the blowhole to anterior insertion of the dorsal fin (BAID) was a better predictor of total body length in stranded whales than DBL, and laser-estimated lengths fell almost all within known pilot whale size. Despite our small sample size, we showed two examples of how LP could be applied in research: (1) males and females had similar DBL (n=8), but large males could be distinguished using DBL; (2) leaders were not necessarily bigger than other individuals in the same cluster (n=4). The ease of use of LP makes it a valuable tool in collecting measurements of body features, especially when coupled with photo-identification. Keywords: laser photogrammetry, morphometrics, measurement, length, Globicephala melas
One plus One equals One
Authors: Richardson David H.S.
Published: October 2018

N/A
Factores asociados a la primera detención en menores de edad en poblaciones carcelarias. Evidencias desde México.
Authors: Díaz Román Mario Pavel
Published: October 2018

Se identifican los factores asociados a la primera detención en reclusos mexicanos en penales federales cuando eran menores de edad, a través de la perspectiva teórica del curso de vida y por la técnica de historia de eventos. Los datos provienen de la Primera Encuesta a Población Interna en Centros Federales de Readaptación Social; con ella se obtiene información de los contextos familiar, social, económico y de socialización de los internos que fueron detenidos siendo menores edad. Así, se identifican las características que incrementaron la probabilidad de ser detenido y muestra información relevante para el ulterior diseño de política pública basada en evidencia, puesto que muestra algunos aspectos de atención por las políticas de prevención del delito.
Percepciones y actitudes de los ciudadanos residentes en Bogotá acerca del pago del impuesto al valor agregado -IVA-
Authors: Rivera Aya Eliasib Naher , Suárez Báez Liliana Catherine
Published: October 2018

Este trabajo de investigación presenta los resultados de una investigación cuantitativa orientada a conocer las percepciones de los encuestados sobre el pago del Impuesto al Valor Agregado, IVA. Desde la perspectiva teórica se relaciona la función que cumplen los impuestos en una sociedad, así como la evidencia sobre algunas formas para evadirlos, según lo muestra la información recolectada. Mediante el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo se logra demostrar los efectos que la percepción de los ciudadanos tiene sobre el pago de impuestos y los efectos que este origina sobre los ingresos de la población.Desde el enfoque de preferencias se identifica el perfil de los ciudadanos que realizan su contribución, sus pagos y los efectos de la evasión. Se concluye que el incumplimiento en el pago está asociado a variedad de factores que motivan dicho comportamiento a lo largo del tiempo.
Esbozo paradigmático de la teoría de la dependencia. Una perspectiva desde la economía del desarrollo.
Authors: Moré Olivares Elías
Published: October 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que el mundo, según la teoría de la dependencia, está dividido en centro y periferia, o sea, países dominantes y países subdesarrollados, lo cual se origina por la explotación capitalista. La solución es el socialismo. Estableciendo las limitaciones de la teoría de la dependencia creamos el modelo sistema-mundo que detecta integralmente la formación de capital y sus consecuencias sobre la desigualdad y el desarrollo.
Accounting for Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting in the Computation of Codon Usage Bias Indices
Authors: Garcia Victor , Zoller Stefan , Anisimova Maria
Published: October 2018

Experimental evidence shows that synonymous mutations can have important consequences on genetic fitness. Many organisms display codon usage bias (CUB), where synonymous codons that are translated into the same amino acid appear with distinct frequency. Within genomes, CUB is thought to arise from selection for translational efficiency and accuracy, termed the translational efficiency hypothesis (TEH). Indeed, CUB indices correlate with protein expression levels, which is widely interpreted as evidence for translational selection. However, these tests neglect -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF), an important translational disruption effect found across all organisms of the tree of life. Genes that contain -1 PRF signals should cost more to express than genes without. Thus, CUB indices that do not consider -1 PRF may overestimate genes’ true adaptation to translational efficiency and accuracy constraints. Here, we first investigate whether -1 PRF signals do indeed carry such translational cost. We then propose two corrections for CUB indices for genes containing -1 PRF signals. We retest the TEH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under these corrections. We find that the correlation between corrected CUB index and protein expression remains intact for most levels of uniform -1 PRF efficiencies, and tends to increase when these efficiencies decline with protein expression. We conclude that the TEH is strengthened and that -1 PRF events constitute a promising and useful tool to examine the relationships between CUB and selection for translation efficiency and accuracy.
Linkage Disequilibrium and Evaluation of Genome-Wide Association Mapping Models in Tetraploid Potato
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , MacKenzie Katrin , McLean Karen , Dale Finlay , Daniels Steve , Bryan Glenn J
Published: October 2018

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a powerful tool for analyzing complex traits in crop plants. The current study evaluates the efficacy of various GWAS models and methods for elucidating population structure in potato. The presence of significant population structure can lead to detection of spurious marker-trait associations, as well as mask true ones. While appropriate statistical models are needed to detect true marker-trait associations, in most published potato GWAS, a ‘one model fits all traits’ approach has been adopted. We have examined various GWAS models on a large association panel comprising diverse tetraploid potato cultivars and breeding lines, genotyped with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Phenotypic data were generated for 20 quantitative traits assessed in different environments. Best Linear Unbiased Estimates (BLUEs) for these traits were obtained for use in assessing GWAS models. Goodness of fit of GWAS models, derived using different combinations of kinship and population structure for all traits, was evaluated using Quantile-Quantile (Q-Q) plots and genomic control inflation factors (λGC). Kinship was found to play a major role in correcting population confounding effects and results advocate a ‘trait-specific’ fit of different GWAS models. A survey of genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD), one of the critical factors affecting GWAS, is also presented and our findings are compared to other recent studies in potato. The genetic material used here, and the outputs of this study represent a novel resource for genetic analysis in potato.
Estimating Genetic Relatedness in Admixed Populations
Authors: Sethuraman Arun
Published: October 2018

Estimating genetic relatedness, and inbreeding coefficients is important to the fields of quantitative genetics, conservation, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and population genetics. Traditional estimators of genetic relatedness assume an underlying model of population structure. Each individual is assigned to a population, depending on a priori assumptions about geographical location of sampling, proximity, or genetic similarity. But often, this population assignment is unknown and assumptions about assignment can lead to erroneous estimates of genetic relatedness. I develop a generalized method of estimating relatedness in admixed populations, to account for (1) multi-allelic genomic data, (2) including all nine Identity By Descent (IBD) states, and implement a maximum likelihood based estimator of pairwise genetic relatedness in structured populations, part of the software, InRelate. Replicated estimations of genetic relatedness between admixed full sib (FS), half sib (HS), first cousin (FC), parent-offspring (PO) and unrelated (UR) dyads in simulated and empirical data from the HGDP-CEPH panel show considerably low bias and error while using InRelate, compared to several previously developed methods. I also propose a bootstrap scheme, and a series of Wald Tests to assign relatedness categories to pairs of individuals.
Imputation-Aware Tag SNP Selection To Improve Power for Large-Scale, Multi-ethnic Association Studies
Authors: Wojcik Genevieve L , Fuchsberger Christian , Taliun Daniel , Welch Ryan , Martin Alicia R , Shringarpure Suyash , Carlson Christopher S , Abecasis Goncalo , Kang Hyun Min , Boehnke Michael , Bustamante Carlos D , Gignoux Christopher R , Kenny Eimear E
Published: October 2018

The emergence of very large cohorts in genomic research has facilitated a focus on genotype-imputation strategies to power rare variant association. These strategies have benefited from improvements in imputation methods and association tests, however little attention has been paid to ways in which array design can increase rare variant association power. Therefore, we developed a novel framework to select tag SNPs using the reference panel of 26 populations from Phase 3 of the 1000 Genomes Project. We evaluate tag SNP performance via mean imputed r2 at untyped sites using leave-one-out internal validation and standard imputation methods, rather than pairwise linkage disequilibrium. Moving beyond pairwise metrics allows us to account for haplotype diversity across the genome for improve imputation accuracy and demonstrates population-specific biases from pairwise estimates. We also examine array design strategies that contrast multi-ethnic cohorts vs. single populations, and show a boost in performance for the former can be obtained by prioritizing tag SNPs that contribute information across multiple populations simultaneously. Using our framework, we demonstrate increased imputation accuracy for rare variants (frequency < 1%) by 0.5–3.1% for an array of one million sites and 0.7–7.1% for an array of 500,000 sites, depending on the population. Finally, we show how recent explosive growth in non-African populations means tag SNPs capture on average 30% fewer other variants than in African populations. The unified framework presented here will enable investigators to make informed decisions for the design of new arrays, and help empower the next phase of rare variant association for global health.
Identification of Candidate Genes Controlling Black Seed Coat and Pod Tip Color in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata[L.] Walp)
Authors: Herniter Ira A , Muñoz-Amatriaín María , Lo Sassoum , Guo Yi-Ning , Close Timothy J
Published: October 2018

Seed coat color is an important part of consumer preferences for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp). Color has been studied in numerous crop species and has often been linked to loci controlling the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. This study makes use of available resources, including mapping populations, a reference genome, and a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping platform, to map the black seed coat and purple pod tip color traits, with the gene symbol Bl, in cowpea. Several gene models encoding MYB domain protein 113 were identified as candidate genes. MYB domain proteins have been shown in other species to control expression of genes encoding enzymes for the final steps in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. PCR analysis indicated that a presence/absence variation of one or more MYB113 genes may control the presence or absence of black pigment. A PCR marker has been developed for the MYB113 gene Vigun05g039500, a candidate gene for black seed coat color in cowpea.
La milpa como centro de origen
Authors: Méndez-Benavides Zuiri
Published: October 2018

“El Maíz no es una cosa, es un centro de origen”, es una frase que surgió en la Red en Defensa del Maíz en México, que cuenta de un compilado de saberes colectivos de los pueblos indígenas y cam­pesinos en lucha por la defensa de las se­millas criollas de maíz contra los transgéni­cos. El presente ensayo reflexiona sobre el caso costarricense, pero no pierde de vista el ámbito mayor latinoamericano.
An Electronic Referral and Social Work Protocol to Improve Access to Mental Health Services
Authors: Peters Kara M. , Sadler Gary , Miller Elizabeth , Radovic Ana
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents in the United States is a major public health concern. However, the uptake of mental health treatment is low. Integrating behavioral health into primary care is 1 research-informed strategy to increase engagement in treatment. Facilitators of and barriers to implementation of integrated behavioral health in a pediatric primary care setting are not well delineated.

METHODS:

We examined the effectiveness of 2 mental health quality improvement strategies: an electronic referral and a social work follow-up protocol. We analyzed the following measures: uptake rate of first mental health appointments, overall use of mental health appointments, and first and overall mental health appointment show rate.

RESULTS:

Overall use rate improved after implementation of electronic referral, with 13 consecutive points above the median. First appointment show rates improved with a special cause run occurring after adding social work students to the mental health quality improvement team. First appointment show rate improved from a monthly average of 51% (November 2014 to March 2016) to 78% (April 2016 to December 2016). Use rate improved initially with increased efforts in assisting patients with scheduling; show rate improved more slowly after an emphasis on scheduling patients exhibiting treatment readiness.

CONCLUSIONS:

Findings suggest that a number of facilitators can increase the effective use of mental health services in an integrated adolescent clinical setting. These include an electronic referral through a shared electronic health record, multidisciplinary collaboration, and care management by social workers equipped with a variety of clinical and care coordination skills.
J. Baird Callicott, Thinking Like a Planet: The Land Ethic and the Earth Ethic
Authors: Crosby Donald A.
Published: October 2018

J. Baird Callicott, Thinking Like a Planet: The Land Ethic and the Earth Ethic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 389pp., $41.95, ISBN: 978-0-19-932489-7.
Benjamin C. Jantzen, An Introduction to Design Arguments
Authors: Branch Glenn
Published: October 2018

Benjamin C. Jantzen, An Introduction to Design Arguments (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014), 347pp., $29.95 (pbk), ISBN: 978-0-52-118303-1.
‘Who Tells the Raven or the Crane What Will Happen?’
Authors: Shemesh Abraham Ofir
Published: October 2018

Using birds for omens (ornithomancy) was common practice in ancient and medieval times. According to the ancient conception, birds indicate that which will happen through their cries and how they spread their wings. Biblical translators of the Septuagint and the Syriac Peshitta, for example, ascribed the biblical prohibition against divination specifically to the observation of birds, probably because of the prevalence of this magical practice in their own times.Maimonides and Nahmanides, two medieval Sephardic rabbis, were conflicted about the validity of ornithomancy. Unlike Maimonides, who claimed that divination with birds is futile, Nahmanides saw this practice as a valid type of wisdom. Nahmanides argued that ornithomancy is based on the belief that astrology and the constellations have an impact on living creatures, and that the process of transmitting information to the birds is mystical and subconscious.
Laura Dassow Walls, Thoreau: A Life
Authors: Holt Linda
Published: October 2018

Laura Dassow Walls, Thoreau: A Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017), 640pp., $35.00 (cloth), ISBN: 978-0-226-34469-0.
Buccal Fat Pad–Derived Stem Cells in Three-Dimensional Rehabilitation of Large Alveolar Defects: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Khojasteh Arash , Hosseinpour Sepanta , Rad Maryam Rezai , Alikhasi Marzieh
Published: October 2018

This case report seeks to describe efficient clinical application of adipose-derived stem cells (AdSCs) originated from buccal fat pad (BFP) in combination with conventional guided bone regeneration as protected healing space for reconstruction of large alveolar defects after extraction of multiple impacted teeth. The first case was a 19-year-old woman with several impacted teeth in the maxillary and mandibular regions, which could not be forced to erupt and were recommended for surgical extraction by the orthodontist. After this procedure, a large bone defect was created, and this space was filled by AdSC loaded natural bovine bone mineral (NBBM), which was protected with lateral ramus cortical plates, microscrews, and collagen membrane. After 6 months of post-guided bone regeneration, the patient received 6 and 7 implant placements, respectively, in the maxilla and mandible. At 10 months postoperatively, radiographic evaluation revealed thorough survival of implants. The second case was a 22-year-old man with the same complaint and large bony defects created after his teeth were extracted. After 6 months of post-guided bone regeneration, he received 4 dental implants in his maxilla and 7 implants in the mandible. At 48 months postoperatively, radiographs showed complete survival of implants. This approach represented a considerable amount of 3-dimensional bone formation in both cases, which enabled us to use dental implant therapy for rehabilitation of the whole dentition. The application of AdSCs isolated from BFP in combination with NBBM can be considered an efficient treatment for bone regeneration in large alveolar bone defects.
Reasons to crack consumption relapse. Users’ perspective
Authors: Albuquerque Rossana Carla Rameh de , Nappo Solange Aparecida
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to raise the reasons pointed out by the crack users as triggers for the drug consumption relapse and consequently offer some sort of help, which might come to the aid of those users. Methods: The present study is a qualitative study, using in-depth interviews and criteria-based sampling, following 42 crack cocaine users. Point of theoretical saturation was used to define the sample size. Data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Results: The analysis of the content from the respondents’ speeches resulted in different reasons pointed as triggers of relapse, those ones being clustered in categories. User Related Reason (UR), Drug Related Reason (DR), Environment Related Reason (ER). Conclusions: Relapse is a common phenomenon among crack users, considering the reasons that lead to its occurrence are the same from people's daily routine, making its management very tough. Interpersonal relationship problems and the consequent frustration have been the most mentioned reasons as relapse triggers, causing a rupture in the paradigm in which the causes would be focused on the drug. The possibility that the user gets to know and recognize their emotional vulnerabilities and weaknesses could be of great help in relapse prevention.
Depressive symptoms and neurotrophin levels in ostomy patients
Authors: Bavaresco Daniela Vicente , Schwalm Mágada Tessmann , Jornada Luciano Kurtz , Quadros Luiz Felipe Andrade , Simon Bruna , Ceretta Luciane Bisognin , Zimmermann Karina Cardoso Gulbis , Rosa Maria Inês da , Valvassori Samira Silva
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the depressive symptoms and changes in neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF, NT-3), and cortisol levels in serum of peripheral blood from ostomy patients compared to healthy control group. Methods: We evaluated ostomy (n = 29) and healthy control (n = 30) patients. The neurotrophin (BDNF, NGF, NT-3), and cortisol levels were assessed by ELISA in serum of peripheral blood. Depressive symptoms were defined based on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and major depression disorder was based on clinical interviews and was confirmed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Results: The results showed a significant decrease in BDNF levels and, a significant increase in NT-3 levels in serum of peripheral blood from ostomy patients when compared to healthy controls. The levels of NGF and cortisol showed no significant differences between groups. The depressive symptom evaluations by HDRS demonstrated a significant increase in ostomy patients when compared to healthy controls. The major depression disorder diagnosis by SCID-I showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest ostomy triggers significant depressive symptoms and alterations in neurotrophins levels in serum of peripheral blood samples collected from these patients.
Comportamento mecânico e clínico de próteses monolíticas à base de zircônia: revisão de literatura
Authors: Ottoni R. , Borba M.
Published: October 2018

Resumo Próteses fixas com infraestrutura de metal ou cerâmica apresentam muitas falhas devido ao lascamento da cerâmica vítrea de cobertura. Assim, próteses monolíticas produzidas com apenas um material foram desenvolvidas no intuito de diminuir estas falhas. Cerâmicas à base de zircônia tiveram suas propriedades ópticas modificadas para permitir a confecção de próteses monolíticas. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar através de uma revisão da literatura o comportamento mecânico e clínico das próteses monolíticas à base de zircônia. Foi feita uma busca na base de dados PubMed/Medline (2010 a 2017) utilizando as palavras-chave: zircônia (zirconia), monolítica (monolithic) e prótese (prosthesis). Foram selecionados 13 estudos laboratoriais e 5 estudos clínicos. Os estudos laboratoriais mostraram que próteses monolíticas à base de zircônia apresentam alta resistência à fratura, à fadiga e ao lascamento. Próteses com espessura mínima de 0,7 mm devem ser confeccionadas para que sejam suficientemente resistentes às cargas impostas pela mastigação, tendo carga de fratura semelhante a coroas metalocerâmicas. Os estudos clínicos relatam baixas taxas de falha para esse tratamento protético. Próteses monolíticas à base de zircônia apresentam comportamento mecânico e clínico favorável para a reabilitação da região posterior.
Uma acetilação eficiente e econômica do 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropilideno-α-D-galactopiranose utilizando anidrido acético ativado in situ pela argila montmorilonita K10
Authors: Santos C. S. , Santos A. R. S. dos , Silva R. O. , Freitas Filho J. R. , Freitas J. C. R.
Published: October 2018

Resumo A síntese do 6-acetil 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropilideno-α-D-galactopiranose a partir da reação de acetilação do 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropilideno-α-D-galactopiranose utilizando a argila montmorilonita K10 como promotor é descrita. O protocolo é rápido, eficiente, econômico, livre de solvente e quimiosseletivo. O produto foi obtido em excelente rendimento (95%), curto tempo reacional (7,5 min), em temperatura ambiente e sem a necessidade de purificação adicional. Adicionalmente, essa argila manteve sua atividade catalítica por três ciclos reacionais sem diminuição de eficiência.
Study of equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of rhodamine B onto purified bentonite clays
Authors: Duarte Neto J. F. , Pereira I. D. S. , Silva V. C. da , Ferreira H. C. , Neves G. de A. , Menezes R. R.
Published: October 2018

Abstract Currently, the removal of contaminants such as wastewater dye has become an essential task. In view of this, improving the performance of the adsorbents in order to improve the adsorption technique and reduce the total cost of the adsorption process is of great interest to the industrial sector. This study investigated the adsorption process of natural and purified bentonite clay adsorbents, using rhodamine B in an aqueous media. Rhodamine B is very toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. These clays were used both in the natural form and after purification by centrifuge. All adsorbents were characterized. The kinetics and equilibrium isotherms were studied. In equilibrium, the Freundlich isotherm model was the best fit to the experimental data. In kinetics study, the data were best fit by the pseudo-second order model. The purified clays efficiently removed the rhodamine B.
Phytosociological contrast of ferns and lycophytes from forest fragments with different surroundings matrices in southern Brazil
Authors: Silva V. L. , Mallmann I. T. , Graeff V. , Schmitt J. L. , Mehltreter K.
Published: October 2018

Abstract Forest edges typically exhibit higher luminosity and lower humidity than the forest interior, resulting in an abiotic gradient. However, the degree of abiotic difference can be affected from the type of the matrix, influencing the selection of species. We compared the floristic and phytosociological structure of understory communities of ferns and lycophytes of the edge and interior of three forest sites influenced by different types of surrounding matrices (natural field, Pinus plantation, and cultivation of crops). In the region of Araucaria Forest, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, twelve 10 × 10 m plots were selected at the edge and interior of each site, totaling 72 plots and to evaluate the phytosociological contrast, using as a parameter coverage and species richness per plot to evaluate this contrast. We recorded a total of 38 species in the studied areas, distributed in 15 families. The results show that the edge effect acts at different intensities in the analyzed sites. In the site with unnatural matrix, the composition was more homogeneous both in the edges and in the interiors and presented lower richness, showing a more pronounced and deep impact. Already in the site with natural matrix surroundings, although the border also presents low richness, the interior was about 3x richer. Based on our results, we concluded that fern conservation efforts should focus on fragments of Araucaria Forest inserted in the natural field, because the conversion of natural field into Pinus planting and cultivation of crops decreases ferns species both in the edges and forest interiors of the studied fragments, besides altering the phytosociological structure leading the communities to simplification.
Estenose ureteral após cistectomia radical associada à ureterostomia cutânea abdominal: relato de caso
Authors: Ledur G.R. , Gomes C. , Beck C.A.C. , Sonne L. , Mello F.P.S. , Gerardi D.G.
Published: October 2018

RESUMO O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a realização de cistectomia total associada à ureterostomia abdominal, uma técnica ainda pouco descrita na veterinária, bem como descrever as complicações pós-operatórias observadas. Um canino da raça Akita, macho, 11 anos, castrado, foi atendido com histórico de prostração, hiporexia, disúria, hematúria e incontinência urinária havia aproximadamente 10 dias. No exame clínico, foi observada leve algia abdominal; demais parâmetros estavam dentro da normalidade. Os exames complementares de imagem revelaram presença de massa envolvendo grande parte da vesícula urinária. O paciente foi submetido à cirurgia de cistectomia total associada à implantação cutânea abdominal dos ureteres, e o exame histopatológico chegou ao diagnóstico de carcinoma de células de transicionais (CCT) infiltrativo não papilar. No pós-operatório, o paciente desenvolveu dermatite urêmica leve no local de inserção dos ureteres e estenose ureteral em região distal, de maneira que reintervenções cirúrgicas foram necessárias para a correção. Além disso, observaram-se pielonefrite e hidronefrose secundárias ao quadro obstrutivo. Devido às complicações pós-operatórias, a tutora optou pela eutanásia do cão. Dessa maneira, conclui-se que a estenose ureteral e a pielonefrite são possíveis complicações da técnica de cistectomia associada à implantação abdominal dos ureteres.
Sondagem da pelve renal guiada por cistoscopia em éguas
Authors: Strugava L. , Dornbusch L.P.T.C. , Silva-Meirelles J.R. , Castro M.L. , Busato E.M. , Silva Y.N.M. , Souza C. , B. Filho I.R. , Guedes R.L. , Dornbusch P.T.
Published: October 2018

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar a técnica de acesso à pelve renal por meio de sondagem ureteral guiada por cistoscopia em éguas. Foram utilizados oito animais, de raças variadas, com peso médio de 439kg. As éguas foram sedadas e mantidas em tronco de contenção para a realização da cistoscopia com endoscópio flexível. Após identificação do óstio ureteral esquerdo, uma sonda de polietileno foi introduzida em seu lume, até a pelve renal. A localização da sonda no rim foi confirmada por meio de ultrassonografia transcutânea. Foram coletados 3mL de urina, de forma asséptica, para citologia e cultura bacteriana. Todas as amostras obtiveram resultados negativos na cultura e análise do sedimento urinário. Nenhum dos animais apresentou quaisquer complicações após a sondagem. Este estudo demonstrou que a coleta de urina diretamente da pelve renal em éguas, com auxílio da cistoscopia na realização da sondagem ureteral, consiste em um procedimento viável e seguro.
Effect of dietary fiber concentrates on growth performance, gut morphology and hepatic metabolic intermediates in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)
Authors: Goulart F.R. , Lovatto N.M. , Klinger A.C. , Adorian T.J. , Mombach P.I. , Pianesso D. , Martinelli S.G. , Veiga M.L. , Silva L.P.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to investigate the effect of Dietary Fiber Concentrates (DFCs) on growth performance, gut morphology, and hepatic metabolic intermediates in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). At the end of the trial, growth and intestinal villus height was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in fish fed diets supplemented with DFCs. However, the animals in commercial prebiotic group showed higher values for this variable compared to the other treatments. Regarding the thickness of the epithelium bowel, it was greater in the Control group compared to animals supplemented with β-glucan+mannan. Likewise, treatment with commercial prebiotic showed higher values of epithelium bowel compared to the DFCs. The fish supplemented with DFCs, had higher glycogen storage compared to the control group. These results indicate that DFCs can be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for improving growth performance, gut morphology, and hepatic metabolic intermediates of jundiá.
Transferência de imunidade passiva (TIP) e dinâmica de anticorpos específicos em bezerros naturalmente expostos para as viroses respiratórias
Authors: Silva B.T. , Baccili C.C. , Henklein A. , Oliveira P.L. , Oliveira S.M.F.N. , Sobreira N.M. , Ribeiro C.P. , Gomes V.
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Esta pesquisa avaliou a TIP e a dinâmica de anticorpos (ACs) específicos em bezerros naturalmente expostos aos agentes causadores da doença respiratória bovina (DRB). Foram selecionados 19 bezerros Holandeses alimentados com colostro proveniente de doadoras vacinadas para DRB. Amostras de soro foram obtidas antes e após a ingestão do colostro (48h) para a soroneutralização (SN). Os valores médios (log2) detectados após colostragem foram de 11,5±1,6 (BVDV), 8,8±1,3 (BoHV-1), 5,5±1,6 (BRSV) e 8,4±1,5 (BPIV-3). Cinco bezerros foram criados do nascimento aos 240 dias de vida, observando-se decréscimo nos títulos de ACs para BVDV, BoHV-1 e BPIV-3 ao longo do tempo (P≤0,001). As taxas de infecções detectadas entre o D14 e o D240 foram de 40% (2/5), 20% (1/5), 80% (4/5), e 60% (3/5), respectivamente, para BVDV, BoHV-1, BRSV e BPIV-3. A maioria dos bezerros manifestou broncopneumonia após as infecções virais. Os bezerros apresentaram ACs para todas as viroses às 48 horas de vida, porém os títulos adquiridos para o BRSV foram baixos. A susceptibilidade para as infecções variou de acordo com os níveis e a duração dos títulos de ACs maternos.
Fermentation profile and microbial population in soybean silages with inoculant and powdered molasses
Authors: Rosa L.O. , Pereira O.G. , Ribeiro K.G. , Valadares Filho S.C. , Cecon P.R.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Fermentation profile and microbial population were assessed in soybean silages without any additive (control), with inoculant (I), with I + powdered molasses (I+M), and with powdered molasses only (M). Soybean plants were harvested at the R6 stage and ensiled in 2kg-capacity laboratory silos. The additives were added to the natural matter base of silages. The assessed fermentation periods were 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. A 4 × 6 factorial arrangement (4 additives × 6 fermentation periods) in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates was used. Lactic, acetic, and butyric acids concentrations were influenced by additives and periods (P< 0.05). It was observed higher lactic acid values to control silages, on the 56th day. Lower average values of acetic and butyric acids were observed to I+M and M silages. It was observed quadratic effect to pH values with a reduction estimated of 0.5504, 0.5358, 0.6312 and 0.6680 units to pH values to control, I, I+M, and M silages in the first 10 days. A maximum lactic acid bacteria population was observed at the 28th day of fermentation in silages with inoculant. The inoculant and powdered molasses improve the fermentation profile of soybean silages.
Pharmacokinetic of florfenicol in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of swine and effects of anesthetic agent on drug plasma disposition kinetics
Authors: Wang Yanping , Zhang Ling , Ahmed Saeed , Liu Yonghong , Li Xianqiang
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The primary objective of the current study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) of florfenicol (FFL) in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and the plasma in swine. The second objectives were to evaluate the effect of anesthesia with ketamine and propofol on the PK of FFL in plasma. Bronchoaveolar lavage was utilized for quantification of PELF volume and the urea dilution method was used to determine the concentration of FFL in PELF. FFL was administered intramuscularly (IM) to swine in a single dose of 20mg/kg body weight. The main PK parameters of FFL in plasma and PELF were as follows: the area under the concentration-time curve, maximal drug concentration, elimination half-life and mean residence time were 69.45±4.36 vs 85.03±9.26μg·hr/ml, 4.65±0.34 vs 5.94±0.86μg/ml, 9.87±1.70 vs 10.69±1.60hr and 12.75±0.35 vs 14.46±1.26hr, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the PK profiles of FFL for the anesthetized and unanesthetized pigs. This study suggest that (i) FFL penetrated rapidly into the pulmonary and the drug concentration decay faster in plasma than in the pulmonary, (ii) the PK profile of FFL in swine was not interfered after administration of anesthetic agent.