bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deriving macroeconomic benefits from public–private partnerships in developing Asia
Authors: Lee Minsoo , Han Xuehui , Gaspar Raymond , Alano Emmanuel
Published: March 2019

The provision of infrastructure and related services in developing Asia via public–private partnership (PPP) increased rapidly during the late 1990s. Theoretical arguments support the potential economic benefits of PPPs, but empirical evidence is thin. This paper develops a framework identifying channels through which economic gains can be derived from PPP arrangement. The framework helps derive an empirically tractable specification that examines how PPPs affect the aggregate economy. Empirical results suggest that increasing the ratio of PPP investment to GDP improves access to and quality of infrastructure services, and economic growth will potentially be higher. But this optimism is conditional, especially on the region’s efforts to further upgrade its technical and institutional capacity to handle complex PPP contracts.
A região transfronteiriça da tríplice fronteira e a construção de um projeto integrado de desenvolvimento
Authors: Avelar João Marcos Borges , Schneider Mirian Beatriz
Published: March 2019

A tríplice fronteira de Foz do Iguaçu, Ciudad Del Este e Puerto Iguazú constitui-se em um importante centro comercial e turístico, permitindo que cidadãos do Brasil, Argentina e Paraguai compartilhem o mesmo território formando uma importante região transfronteiriça. Cada uma das cidades possui um Conselho de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social que atua na construção de um Projeto Integrado de Desenvolvimento, estabelecendo parcerias com entidades e empresas da região. A consolidação desse projeto depende da ação conjunta destas entidades, da legislação de cada país envolvido e do comprometimento dos governos municipais com o desenvolvimento regional. O grande desafio da construção de um Projeto Integrado de Desenvolvimento Regional está em promover a cooperação entre os agentes locais, o setor produtivo e os governos locais de forma a resolver os problemas comuns existentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de identificar se há no local um Projeto Integrado de Desenvolvimento e como as lideranças políticas e sociais atuam nesta direção. Foi utilizada a metodologia do Hexágono do Desenvolvimento Regional e a aplicação de questionários semiestruturados para lideranças das três cidades. Os resultados obtidos indicam que embora haja um trabalho consistente dos atores locais, ainda não foi possível consolidar um Projeto de Desenvolvimento Integrado para a tríplice fronteira.

 Palavras-chave: Tríplice fronteira. Região Transfronteiriça. Desenvolvimento Regional.
Individual’s Resistance to Social Crises is Acquired in Childhood
Authors: Burvytė Sigita
Published: March 2019

Objective: the development of person’s resistance to crises. The aim of the study is to reveal
the importance of childhood experience to the person, by acquiring resistance to crises; the
need of pedagogical help in overcoming adaptation difficulties of the first-year pupil at school.
The analysis of pedagogical, psychological, philosophical literature; the analysis of empirical
research and statistic data; as well as the method of observation were used in the current study.
Though 60 percent of preparation possibilities for life are realised until the beginning of the first
grade, the analysis of various authors’ research, quantitative analysis and observation of firstyear
pupils in the schools of Vilnius, allow us to conclude that the main reason for a difficult
adaptation of first-year pupils is the prevailing belief, that individuals’ preparation for life begins
at school. Educational system is based on rendering of the knowledge rather than the development
of thinking ability and universal recognition of the environment. Inactivated brain during infancy
and early childhood reduces the possibility of mastering information provided at school, and
using it in life. Family is the basis, which provides the feeling of safety, which instils real values,
which creates the conditions of developing resistance to social changes, and various adaptational
skills, which are particularly necessary in the contemporary changing society. Extra attention
should be paid to the education of parents and preparation for responsible parenthood.
Nd:YAG lazer kaynağı ile birleştirilen Ti6Al4V alaşımının mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklerine ısıl işlemlerin etkileri
Authors: KÖSE Ceyhun , KARACA Engin
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada, Ti6Al4V titanyum alaşımı levhalar Nd:YAG lazer kaynak yöntemiyle birleştirilmiştir. Lazer kaynaklı birleştirmelere kaynak öncesi ve sonrası ısıl işlem uygulanmıştır. Ön ısıtma uygulanan lazer kaynaklı numunelere, kaynak sonrası gerilim giderme, solüsyon ısıl işlemi ve yaşlandırma ısıl işlemi uygulanmıştır. Isıl işlem şartlarının, lazer kaynaklı birleştirmelerin mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Deney sonuçları incelendiğinde, yaşlandırma ısıl işlemi uygulanan numunelerin mikroyapısı yaşlandırma uygulanmayan numunelere göre daha kaba taneli bir yapıdan oluşum gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Yaşlandırma uygulanan numunelerde süneklik ve tokluk değerlerinde artış gözlenirken yaşlandırma uygulanmayan numunelerin sertlik ve çekme dayanımlarında artış tespit edilmiştir.
Study on The Conventional Risk Factors in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in Tertiary Care Hospitals, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: ADHIKARI Bijaya , SUBEDI Robhash Kusam , SAHA Chacchu Gopal
Published: March 2019

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has shown
a remarkable decline in the developed world in past few years, but has shown an
alarming increase in the developing world especially South Asia. The aim
of the study was to investigate four conventional risk factors: Hypertension,
diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking in patients with coronary heart
disease in tertiary care hospitals of Pokhara valley, Nepal. 100 patients with
CAD who were admitted in the wards and coronary care unit (CCU) participated
in the study. Their demographic information was noted. Height, weight and blood
pressure were recorded with standard methods. Blood glucose and lipid profile
were estimated after 12 hours of fasting overnight. Risk factors were
determined using the measurements, laboratory values and also from the past
history of the same illness and medications if any. SPSS-16 was used for
statistical analysis. Mean age of the patients was 64.61±11.363 years with
minimum age 40 and maximum 94 years. Overall distribution of risk factors in
descending order was smoking (55%), hypertension (50%), dyslipidemia (49%) and
diabetes mellitus (32%). Distribution of risk factors was maximum in the age
group 55-69 years.  This study
shows that most of the patients with coronary heart disease have conventional
risk factors and they play a major role in the development of the disease.
Beside the four modifiable risk factors, our study also shows that age and
gender can be major contributors of the disease which can’t be modified.
Functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase disrupts infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens
Authors: Cockburn Chelsea L , Green Ryan S , Damle Sheela R , Martin Rebecca K , Ghahrai Naomi N , Colonne Punsiri M , Fullerton Marissa S , Conrad Daniel H , Chalfant Charles E , Voth Daniel E , Rucks Elizabeth A , Gilk Stacey D , Carlyon Jason A
Published: March 2019

Intracellular bacteria that live in host cell–derived vacuoles are significant causes of human disease. Parasitism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is essential for many vacuole-adapted bacteria. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) influences LDL cholesterol egress from the lysosome. Using functional inhibitors of ASM (FIASMAs), we show that ASM activity is key for infection cycles of vacuole-adapted bacteria that target cholesterol trafficking—Anaplasma phagocytophilum,Coxiella burnetii,Chlamydia trachomatis, andChlamydia pneumoniae.Vacuole maturation, replication, and infectious progeny generation byA. phagocytophilum, which exclusively hijacks LDL cholesterol, are halted andC. burnetii, for which lysosomal cholesterol accumulation is bactericidal, is killed by FIASMAs. Infection cycles of Chlamydiae, which hijack LDL cholesterol and other lipid sources, are suppressed but less so thanA. phagocytophilumorC. burnetii.A. phagocytophilumfails to productively infect ASM−/−or FIASMA-treated mice. These findings establish the importance of ASM for infection by intracellular bacteria and identify FIASMAs as potential host-directed therapies for diseases caused by pathogens that manipulate LDL cholesterol.
Sintomatologia em mães de adolescentes: Comparação entre praticantes e não praticantes de actividade física
Authors: Pires Cristina , Batista Fernando , Morais Manuel , Costa Vera
Published: March 2019

O principal objectivo deste estudo foi verificar se a prática de exercício físico poderia influenciar os sintomas breves em mães de adolescentes nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento. Foi usada uma amostra de 180 mulheres, tendo pelo menos um filho adolescente, com idades compreendidas entre os 31 e 55 os anos (42.32 ± 5.49). O instrumento utilizado foi o BSI-18 (Brief Symptom Inventory – 18) de Canavarro (1999). Os resultados sugerem, como está referido na literatura, que os indivíduos que praticam actividade física apresentam menores níveis de ansiedade, depressão, somatização e índice geral de sintomas (IGS) do que indivíduos que não sigam tais recomendações. Nas variáveis: número de filhos, estado civil e fases da adolescência não se denotaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas, porém mães divorciadas e com maior número de filhos apresentam piores índices de saúde mental. As que praticam exercício físico têm melhor saúde.
Pesquisa de aglutininas anti-Leptospira spp. em bovinos da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais
Authors: Dos Santos Gabriela Almeida , Caetano Afonso Maritssa Corrêa , Sousa Iara de Oliveira , Gomes Antonieta Lourenia , Dos Santos Jandra Pacheco , Ferreira Júnior Álvaro
Published: March 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho foi diagnosticar aglutininas anti-Leptospira spp. no soro de animais nunca vacinados e criados em uma propriedade da Serra da Canastra, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A triagem e a titulação foram realizadas por meio da técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (MAT), utilizando uma bateria de 15 sorovares de Leptospira spp. Foram testadas 100 amostras de soro sanguíneos de bovinos leiteiros e de corte. Desse total, 54% (54/100) foram positivos para aglutininas anti-Leptospira. Os sorovares mais frequentes entre os bovinos foram Hardjo (43,81%) e Wolffi (38,1%). O maior título diagnosticado foi 1.600 para o sorovar Wolffi, encontrado em uma fêmea bovina adulta assintomática. Os dados sugerem que sorovares patogênicos de Leptospira circulam entre bovinos criados na Serra da Canastra, que a transmissão esteja ocorrendo entre os bovinos infectados e, aparentemente, com pouca participação de roedores.
Agregação de valor ao leite por meio da produção de queijo: análise da rentabilidade em uma propriedade familiar no município de Uberlândia/MG.
Authors: Ferraz Rocha Águida Garreth , Ferreira Pelegrini Djalma , Lopes Marcos Aurélio
Published: March 2019

Objetivou-se analisar a viabilidade econômico-financeira em agregar valor ao leite, por meio da produção de queijo tipo minas frescal, em uma propriedade de produção familiar no município de Uberlândia (MG). Os dados foram coletados em um sistema de produção de leite e queijo, entre os meses de janeiro e dezembro de 2013, por meio de diagnóstico in loco, entrevistas com roteiro semi-estruturado, realização de inventário e registro de despesas e receitas. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o software CU$TO BOVINO LEITE 1.0, que possibilitou estimar os custos de produção, as receitas, o preço médio, as margens bruta e líquida, resultado, lucratividade e rentabilidade da propriedade. No sistema de produção de queijo, por apresentar margens bruta e líquida positivas e o resultado negativo, conclui-se que existe condição de produzir no curto e médio prazo; e, no longo prazo, o produtor está se descapitalizando. Percebe-se que, na atividade leiteira, ações deverão ser tomadas, na tentativa de corrigir pontos falhos, como os custos operacionais elevados, pois a margem bruta foi negativa indicando que o pecuarista sequer está conseguindo reembolsar a totalidade dos valores referentes ao custo operacional efetivo. As análises de rentabilidade e viabilidade econômico-financeira realizadas mostraram que agregar valor ao leite, com a produção de queijo minas frescal, é uma estratégia viável e vantajosa, e mais rentável que a comercialização do leite in natura, representando uma alternativa para o incremento da renda do produtor de leite.
Mısır yetiştiriciliğinde sırta ekimde farklı tohum yatağı hazırlama yöntemlerinin ekim kalitesine etkisi
Authors: BOLAT Ali , KARAAĞAÇ Hasan Ali
Published: March 2019

Bu
araştırma, 2012ve 2013 yıllarında mısır bitkisi yetiştiriciliğinde tohum yatağı
hazırlığı için farklı tohum yatağı hazırlama yöntemlerinin tarla filiz çıkış
derecesi (çıkış yüzdesi) ve bitki dağılım düzgünlüğünü (ikizlenme oranı, boşluk oranı, kabul edilebilir
bitki aralığı oranı) belirlemek
üzere gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada sırt tazeleme + sırt tapanı + ekim (Y1),
sırt tazeleme + ekim (Y2) ve sırta doğrudan ekim (Y3) olmak üzere 3 farklı konu
değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Çalışmanın her iki yılında da ikizlenme oranı,
boşluk oranı, kabul edilebilir bitki
aralığı oranı ve çıkış yüzdesi değerleri
istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Y1 yöntemi, araştırmanın her iki
yılında da en yüksek performans değerlerini göstermiştir.
İş Değerlerinin Demografik Özellikler Açısından İncelenmesi: Tekstil Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÇETİN Sefa , SADYKOVA Guzel , SEÇER Aslıhan
Published: March 2019

İş değerleri, çalışanların iş süreçlerini algılama ve karar
tercihlerini yönlendiren, işe yönelik inanç, tutum ve davranışlarını
şekillendiren yargısal standartlardır. İş hayatında karşılaşılan durum ve
uygulamaları “iyi veya kötü”, “doğru veya yanlış” bağlamında irdelemek ve uygun
davranış modelini benimsemek için zemin hazırlama işlevine sahiptirler. İş
değerleri bilişsel, araçsal ve sosyal/duyuşsal değer boyutlarıyla temsil edilmiştir.
Çalışmanın amacı, iş değerlerini demografik özellikler açısından incelemektir. Çalışmada
iş değerlerinin cinsiyete, yaşa, mesleğe, deneyime ve eğitim düzeyine göre
farklılaşma olasılığı sorgulanmıştır. Kastamonu’da faaliyette bulunan tekstil
işletmesi çalışanları üzerinde uygulanan anketten elde edilen bulgular
sonucunda iş değerlerinin demografik faktörlere göre değişmediği ortaya
çıkmıştır.
Heterogeneity of Soil Nutrients: A Review of Methodology, Variability and Impact Factors
Authors: Zhang Shaoliang
Published: March 2019

Soil nutrient heterogeneity highly correlates to plant growth and development of environmental quality. In order to better understand nutrient cycling, heterogeneity of soil nutrients and their driving mechanism in different land use types were summarized from 1945 to 2016. By grouping keywords indexed in the titles of articles from the data base of Web of Science, two hundred and thirty one publications related to our topics were used for analysis. Soil sampling and statistical method were compared, and spatial dependence and the impact factors for soil organic matter (SOM), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K). The results showed that soil nutrient heterogeneity was influenced by different factors at different scales. The spatial dependence of SOM, N and P were mainly at the moderate level (48.9-59.0%) and strong level (33.3-42.2%), while for K was at strong level (63.6-84.6%) and moderate level (15.4-36.4%). This was mainly influenced by topography, soil loss, weather condition, parent material, soil type, soil texture, land use, human activities, soil moisture, mineral element, soil structure, animal and plant. These impact factors were summarized separately, and the influence of factors at different spatiotemporal scales was discussed. At the end of the review, the ideas for further research were postulated.
Using Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling to Examine Contextual Differential Item Functioning: A Validity Study of Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zou Xiaojing , Shang Wenpeng
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the study was to further investigate the validity of the instrument used for collecting preservice teachers’ perceptions of self-efficacy adapting the three-level hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) model. To serve the purpose, the study used data collected by the research team which elicited preservices teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs using Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES). Hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) were used to analyze the data. Results of the HGLM analyses (at level-two) showed that one item in the scale displayed gender DIF. Another item became DIF item when the context variable was added to the level-two model. However, the effect of the context on the DIF item was not big.
Micro-traumatic Experiences and Psychotherapeutic Treatment
Authors: Cavelzani Alessandro S. , Trinchieri Martina , F. Gorio Maria Carlotta , Romeo Lucia
Published: March 2019

It’s becoming even more widely recognized from neurosciences, epigenetics, and clinical research on observation of infant-caregiver interaction that daily cumulated micro-traumatic experiences cause damages not only to one’s mental health and identity, but also to immune system, leading to metabolic, eating, sleeping, affective, behavioural, cognitive and linguistic, and social disorders in adults as well as in children and infants. Relational Psychoanalytic treatment argues that the therapeutic change is related to expanding levels of consciousness and exploring new ways of being in the world. Clinical examples are provided.
Rehber Hemşirelik
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Cevriye , YAMAN Rabia , ŞENDİR Merdiye
Published: March 2019

Eğitim, kişinin becerilerini en verimli ve en üst düzeyde kullanabilmesine yardımcı olan bir süreçtir. Eğitim sürecinin temelinde deneyimler yer alır. Zaman içerisinde ortaya çıkan bu deneyimleri paylaşma olgusu koçluk, çıraklık, rehberlik, danışmanlık vb. olarak adlandırılır. İnsanın kendinde var olan potansiyelini fark etmesi ve yaşamının her alanında kullanabilmesi konusunda destekleyen yaklaşım “mentörlük”tür. Bu derlemede, hemşirelik eğitiminde rehberlik konusu tartışılmaktadır.
Valorization of cocoa and rose waste for preparation of liqueurs
Authors: Vasileva Ivelina , Krastev Lutsian , Slavov Anton Minchev , Petkova Nadezhda , Yantcheva Nikoleta , Nenov Nenko , Krachmarov Atanas , Atanasova Antonia
Published: March 2019

Chocolate industry generates yearly large quantities of cacao wastes. These by-products pose to the manufacturers’ difficulties for disposal and represent also valuable sources of substances: polysaccharides, polyphenols, etc. The aim of the present work was to characterize cacao waste and search for possible food applications. The waste was investigated for total polyphenol content (5.86±0.39 mg GAE/g dry weight (DW)), flavonoids (0.77±0.02 mg QE/g DW), total dietary fibers (63.58±1.25% DW), proteins (15.80±0.11% DW), and hexane-soluble substances (13.39±0.08% DW). The antioxidant activity, evaluated by DPPH and FRAP (82.82±1.72 and 31.13±0.70 mM TE/g DW waste, respectively) suggested that cacao waste had potential as antioxidant supplement. The most abundant essential amino acids were lysine, tyrosine and phenylalanine: 8.55±0.19, 7.32±0.13 and 6.32±0.11 g/100g protein, respectively. Extraction with water, 50% and 96% ethanol was performed and it was found that the highest amount of polyphenols (and hence higher antioxidant activity) was extracted with 50% ethanol.The results from the analysis suggested that the cacao waste was a rich source of valuable substances and on that basis liqueurs with substituted cacao powder and waste Rosa damascena were prepared. The test panel suggested that the cacao husks were a promising constituent for low-alcoholic beverages.
Studies on the chemical composition of the fermented wheat product of increased food value as a promising raw material for bread making
Authors: Kondratenko Raisa , Urbanchik Elena , Shchuplykova Tatyana
Published: March 2019

The object of the study is a fermented wheat product with increased nutritional value. This product was obtained by steeping and germinating wheat grain in a solution of the enzyme preparation until sprouts no more than 2 mm in length appeared. Then it was dried and ground. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition of the fermented wheat product to be used in the production of bakery products. It was established that in germinating wheat grain the amount of proteins and fiber increases 1,6 and 2,5 times respectively; the amount of total carbohydrates lowers (62,4 %) as a result of a decrease in the starch content (60,0 %), along with an increase in mono- and disaccharides by a factor of 1.5. Vitamin content (B complex) in the test product was found to be as follows: В1 – 0,19 mg, В2 – 0,09 mg, В3 – 7,24 mg, В4 – 0,089 mg, В5 – 0,67 mg, В6 – 0,12 mg, В9 – 0,017 mg. Potassium is shown to predominate in the fermented product as for macro elements. After germination its amount increases twofold. Iron is the most abundant trace elements in the analyzed product (7,2 mg/100 g of product). Studies made into amino acid composition showed that the content of lysine amounts to 637 mg/00 g of product, leucine - 1145 mg/100 g of product. The data obtained make it possible to recommend a fermented wheat product for obtaining bakery products with an anti-stress effect and increased biological value
Magnetic nanoparticles based fluorescence immunoassay for food contaminants
Authors: Godjevargova Tzonka , Ivanov Yavor , Atanasova Milka , Becheva Zlatina , Zherdev Anatoly
Published: March 2019

Nanotechnology provides exciting new possibilities for advanced development of new analytical tools and instruments for bioanalytical applications. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted much research interest in the past decade because they have good biocompatibility and can be readily separated from reaction mixtures with the aid of an external magnetic field. Heterogenic fluorescent immunoassays for determination of different analytes (antibiotics, pesticides, progesterone, aflatoxins, enterotoxins) using MNPs were developed. MNPs were prepared by thermal co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in aqueous solution. MNPs were functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. Two different analyzes were made for proving the successful modification of MNPs – FTIR and TEM. The corresponding antibodies were immobilized on modified MNPs. Then corresponding antigen - fluorescent dye conjugates were synthesized. The next step was purification of the resulting conjugates by gel filtration chromatography and proving them by UV-Vis and Fluorescence analyses. The 9 different separate competitive MNPs based immunoassays were developed – for penicillin, sulfonamide, tetracycline, progesterone, aflatoxin M1 and B1, enterotoxin A, paraoxon and dichlorvos. Then multiplex fluorescent immunoassay device based on magnetic nanoparticles for determination of penicillin, sulfonamide and tetracycline in milk sample was developed. The device ensured fast, selective and cheap antibiotic analysis. Very promising analytical characteristics for all three antibiotics were received - very low LODs and wide linear range. Practical applications: The multiplex fluorescent immunoassay device based on magnetic nanoparticles for determination of penicillin, sulfonamide and tetracycline in milk sample was developed. Device ensured fast, selective and cheap antibiotic analysis. Very promising analytical characteristics for all three antibiotics were received - very low LODs and wide linear range.
Immunofluorescence assay of pesticides on the base of immobilized multi-polyclonal antibody
Authors: Ivanov Yavor , Yaneva Marina , Godjevargova Tsonka , Zvereva Elena
Published: March 2019

The sensitive competitive immunofluorescence method for simultaneous determination of paraoxon and dichlorvos with immobilized multi-polyclonal antibody on magnetic nanoparticles was developed. The multi-polyclonal antibody was obtained after the immunization of mixture of two prepared immunogens dichlorvos-cBSA and paraoxon-BSA (1:1). The immunogens dichlorvos-cBSA and paraoxon-BSA were synthesized preliminary. Multi-polyclonal antibody against dichlorvos and paraoxon was covalently coupled on magnetic nanoparticles. The competitive fluorescence conjugates dichlorvos-cBSA-FITC and paraoxon-BSA-ATTO 620 were synthesized. Two typical calibration curves of immunofluorescence assay for determination of dichlorvos and paraoxon in buffer solutions were obtained. The linear interval from 2 to 200 ng/mL for these two pesticides was determined. Then the calibration curves for dichlorvos and paraoxon were obtained in cow milk solutions. The linear range of pesticides in cow milk was determined (from 5 to 300 ng/L) and the detection limit for paraoxon (3.5 ng/mL) and dichlorvos (4 ng/mL) was found. The obtained results for cow milk samples were compare with results in UHT, pasteurized cow milk, sheep and goal milk. Quite different are the results when analyzing paraoxon and dichlorvos in standard solutions prepared in sheep's milk. The linear working range for the two pesticides is between 7 and 300 ng/mL it is obviously, that there is a shift of all analytical characteristics up to higher values. The reason for this is the high fat content of sheep's milk. The obtained results were showed that the developed method was 2 time more sensitive than method with the results obtained with mixture (1:1) of two separated antibodies – anti-paraoxon and anti-dichlorvos. These results confirmed the potential of the immunoassay for quantitative simultaneous screening of both dichlorvos and paraoxon. Practical applications:The use of immunofluorescence assay based on immobilized multi-polyclonal antibody on magnetic nanoparticles allows us to detect simultaneous paraoxon and dichlorovos in raw milk and ather diary products.
Physical characteristics of extrudates from corn semolina flavored with cocoa shells
Authors: Toshkov Nesho , Simitchiev Apostol , Nenov Vencislav
Published: March 2019

Extrusion of corn semolina milled with cocoa shells using a single screw extruder “BRABENDER 20 DN” was carried out. Full factorial experimental 22 was used to investigate the effects of the quantity of cocoa shells and moisture of the material on the water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI). Working screw speed and feed screw speed were fixed at 200 and 40 rpm, respectively. Compression ratio of the screw was fixed at 4:1. Temperatures of the first, second and third zone were 150, 155 and 160 °C. Water absorption index values range were between 6.71 and 7.6 g/g and the water solubility index between 25.38 and 35.33 %. The increase in moisture content and quantity of cocoa shells leads to an increase in water absorption index and a decrease in water solubility index. Practical applications: Cocoa shells in an amount of up to 10% can be used in the production of extrudates by mixing with corn semolina. Water absorption index values range between 6.71 and 7.6 g/g and the water solubility index between 25.38 and 35.33 %. The resulting regression models can be used to optimize the process. In general, results show that cocoa shells can be mixed with corn semolina for the production of extrudates, which allows us to recommend extrusion processing of cocoa shells as an alternative technology in utilization processing of raw cocoa materials.
Recipe development for healthy sausages with medical plants
Authors: Krickmeier Janet , Schnaeckel Wolfram , Schnaeckel Dimitrinka
Published: March 2019

Because nutrition based cardiovascular or gastrointestinal diseases, hypertension, diabetes and cancer are increasing in industrial and well developed countries, possibility’s to prevent these disorders or to relive the sequelaes are searched. One chance is the production of healthier or functional food. The use of medical plants with health promoting effects are known from traditional medicine, but until know they weren’t used in health enhancing amounts in foods, especially in processed meat products. The main objectives of the development were the identification of medical plants with a scientifically proven preventive effect against gastrointestinal diseases and the combination of them in an effective quantity for the use in emulsion-type sausages. Simultaneously, the combination with all known health promoting measures like fat or salt reduction or the use of plant additives is intended. Finally, 4 cooked sausages recipes with medical plant combinations were developed and remarkable new sensorial properties in terms of appearance, odour and taste were created. As an additional result, the nutritionally value of the sausages was increased by reducing sodium about 25 % by the use of replacer Pansalz® and by increasing the meat protein amount, which is free from connective tissue protein, from 80 to 90 % by the substitution of animal fat with vegetable oil, also in 100 % exchange of pork meat for turkey meat. Therefore, the fat content in the sausages was reduced from 30 to 20 %. The developed sausage recipes are applied in practice. Several consumers’ preference tests have shown a great products popularity. Practical applications: Based on a pool of 13 different medical plants with a scientifically proven preventive effect (with a positive monography) against gastrointestinal diseases, 4 sausages recipes with medical plant combinations were developed stepwise and the necessary overall recommended daily intake (RDI) was calculated per 100 g sausages. Traditional spices weren’t used. The biggest challenges were to ensure the proven preventive effect of the plants as well the sensorial acceptance of the cooked sausages. In addition, the changes of meat batter properties by reducing the sodium and fat content, also the use of oil and poultry meat had to be observed.
St. Anthony of Kiev and the Earliest History of Russian Monasticism (Novitiates in Old Rus’)
Authors: Uspenskij Boris A.
Published: March 2019

According to the Russian Primary Chronicle, when St. Anthony settled in his cave near Kiev, people joined him and he tonsured them as monks. We know, however, that in certain cases he did not tonsure the newcomers but sent them to be tonsured by a priest (hieromonk). Obviously St. Anthony was not a priest. Why, then, in some cases did he do it himself and yet in other cases, he did not? If he was not a priest, how could he tonsure people? The author of the present article attempts to answer these and similar questions with reference to historical, philological, and liturgical data. The article is devoted to the evolution of the monastic tradition in Rus’ of the 11th century.
Notes on the Word Form Je ‘Is’ in Old Russian and Old Church Slavonic Literature
Authors: Zholobov Oleg F.
Published: March 2019

A study of the so-called zero-forms of the present tense 3rd person singular and plural (without inflectional -tь) in the birch bark manuscripts has once again attracted the attention of researchers to this grammatical phenomenon. Andrey Zaliznyak established the zero-forms usage positions and their range and functions, and he arrived at the conclusion that they are Novgorod dialectisms. Analysis of the Old Slavonic and written sources of the Russian Southwest found similarities with the Novgorod birch bark manuscripts, so the zero-forms should be considered Proto-Slavic dialectisms, inherited by different Old Russian dialects and tracing back to the injunctive and the conjunctive, its later substitute. At the same time, data correlation showed the narrowness of the birch bark manuscripts’ discursive range. A. Zaliznyak discovered several jе ‘is’ word forms in a supposedly enclitic function. He noted, however, that there was a lack of material for drawing final conclusions. The present paper provides evidence of the jе word form usage in the function of Wackernagel enclitics in different sources, especially in the 11th century Sinaiskii Paterik (Pratum spiritual), where, as it turns out, this type of enclitic was closely related with an interrogative sentence type, not always functioning as a link-verb and meaning a non-factive action of supposition. The jе word form is also used widely in a non-enclitic position, where it has a non-actual, primarily gnomic, present tense meaning.
History of the Earliest Russian Old Testament Translation
Authors: Anders Kristina Ju.
Published: March 2019

This paper introduces a previously unstudied manuscript, “Opyt perevoda vetkhozavetnykh knig [. . .] Mikhailom Fotinskim” (1806). In this article, we analyze the history of this manuscript, the circumstances surrounding the translation, and its purpose; some personal facts about the translator are also reviewed. This source represents the earliest Russian translation of the Old Testament, antedating by more than fifteen years the Russian Bible Society translations. Rev. Mikhail Fotinsky’s translation of five Old Testament books (only two ones in the Genesis) was sent to the Moscow Religious Censorship Committee (Moskovskaia Dukhovnaia tsenzura) in 1806, and the next year, Fotinsky asked the Censorship Committee to allow him to make a translation of the entire Old Testament. However, the censors left the manuscript in their repository, and there was no further development on this project. Contemporaries ignored this translation for several reasons. The first reason might be related to language: Fotinsky’s translation includes many Ukrainian elements. The second reason relates to its literary quality (or lack thereof), as the translation was interlinear and thus not stylistically developed. The manuscript contains many commentaries by Fotinsky, who concentrated on the Hebrew original and Judaic exegesis, trying to show different interpretations that may have occurred as a result of the polysemy of the original text.
The Foregrounding Function of Praesens Historicum in Russian Translated Adventure Narratives (20th Century)
Authors: Urzha Anastasia V.
Published: March 2019

This research focuses on the functioning of praesens historicum forms which Russian translators use to substitute for English narrative forms referring to past events. The study applies the Theory of Grounding and Russian Communicative Functional Grammar to the comparative discourse analysis of English-language adventure stories and novels created in the 19th and 20th centuries and their Russian translations. The Theory of Grounding is still not widely used in Russian translation studies, nor have its concepts and fruitful ideas been related to the achievements of Russian Narratology and Functional Grammar. This article presents an attempt to find a common basis in these academic traditions as they relate to discourse analysis and to describe the role of praesens historicum forms in Russian translated adventure narratives. The corpus includes 22 original texts and 72 Russian translations, and the case study involves six Russian translations of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, focusing on the translation made by Korney Chukovsky, who employed historic present more often than in other translations of the novel. It is shown that the translation strategy of substituting the original English-language past forms with Russian present forms is realized in foregrounded and focalized segments of the text, giving them additional saliency. This strategy relates the use of historic present to the functions of deictic words and words denoting visual or audial perception, locating the deictic center of the narrative in the spacetime of the events and allowing the reader to join the focalizing WHO (a narrator or a hero). Translations that regularly mark the foreground through the use of the historic present and accompanying lexical-grammatical means are often addressed to young readers.
The Archaeological Evidence of St. Clement of Ohrid’s Activities in the Ohrid Region
Authors: Kuzman Pasko
Published: March 2019

Among the activities of St. Clement of Ohrid was the construction of the church and monastery in Ohrid, which was carried out at the end of the 9th century at the location where some Byzantine basilicas had stood previously. As findings of archaeological excavations have shown, St. Clement first built a small triconch church at the location of the ruined basilica. This triconchos was later expanded by the addition of a capacious “pronaos” in inscribed-cross form, where St. Clement was interred. This “pronaos” was characterized by entrances on the north and south sides that were identical to those of the inscribed-cross church that existed near the village of Velcë along the Šušica River (in southern Albania) at the turn of the 9th‒10th century. During the tenure of Archbishop Dmitrios Chomatianos (1216–1236), the “pronaos” was replaced with a new church into which the relics of St. Clement were placed. In the Ottoman period, the Church and Monastery of St. Clement were disassembled to build a mosque. At the very beginning of the 10th century, the triconchal church in the Monastery of St. Clement served as a model for the church in the Monastery of St. Naum, in the southern part of the Ohrid lake area. The groundwork(s) of a further church in a triconchal shape, whose construction can be traced back to the time of St. Clement, has also been discovered at Gorica, near Ohrid. Ruins of yet another triconchal church which also belongs to the period under review can be found near the village of Zlesti, in the Dolna Debarca region, not far from Ohrid. In the vicinity of the village of Izdeglavje, in the Gorna Debarca region, there is also a church whose establishment is related to the activity of St. Clement of Ohrid as well.
ANALISIS CUSTOMER SATISFACTION DAN BEHAVIORAL INTENTION DILIHAT DARI SERVICE QUALITY, FOOD QUALITY DAN PRICE/VALUE DI RESTORAN MCDONALD'S DEPOK
Authors: Mayliza Riri
Published: March 2019

Increasing public economic development has in turn made increasing public activities. Thus, in the highly competitive service industries such as fast food restaurants, it is very essential to satisfied customer. This may be achieved through the high quality of the service, food, and price the service provided by producer. The objective of this research was : (a) the positive effect of service quality on customer satisfaction, (b) the positive effect of food quality on customer satisfaction, (c) the positive effect of price/value on customer satisfaction, (d) the positive effect of customer satisfaction on behavioural intention. The design of this research applies a survey on McDonald’s restaurant as the unit of analysis by interviewing in the customers to test the hypothesis. The data consist of five variables including service quality, food quality, and price/value attribute as independent variables, customer satisfaction as intervening variable and behavioural intention as dependent variable. A number of 177 customers were selected as the respondents this research Data analysis used in this research consists of Structural Equation Method by LISREL software. The results of this research concluded that variables of service quality, food quality, and price/value had positive effects on customer satisfaction, and variable of customer satisfaction had positive effect on behavioural intention.
KAJIAN KREDIT MELALUI PERENCANAAN DAN PENGENDALIANNYA KASUS PADA PT. BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT BATANG TARUSAN
Authors: Mayliza Riri
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan dan pengendalian kredit usaha kecil yang dilakukan oleh PT. BPR Batang Tarusan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan cara melakukan penelitian langsung ke PT. BPR Batang Tarusan untuk mengumpulkan data yang mendukung penelitian ini serta penelitian perpustakaan dengan cara mempelajari buku-buku dan literature yang ada kaitannya dengan penelitian ini. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa perencanaan kredit untuk skala kecil pada PT. BPR Batang Tarusan yaitu dalam bentuk KUK dilakukan dengan cara mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek kondisi perekonomian dan perdagangan, line of business, keadaan nasabah, keadaan keuangan bank, serta organisasi bank dan skill karyawan bagian kredit.
Justice Agents_Accepted version
Authors: Saguy Tamar , Fernández Saulo , Branscombe Nyla , Shany Aviv
Published: March 2019

We propose that because members of discriminated (vs. advantaged) groups have a history of dealing with injustice, majority group members expect them to be more committed to social justice. By commitment to social justice we mean supporting, and caring for, the basic rights of virtually any marginalized group. Study 1 (a; N=145 and b; N=120) revealed that members of discriminated (vs. relatively advantaged) groups were seen as having a stronger commitment to social justice. This was explained by participants’ perception of discriminated groups as having a tradition of fighting injustice (Study 2; N=174). Demonstrating implications of these perceptions, discriminated (relative to advantaged) group members were assigned more justice-related roles in the workplace (Study 3a; N=120, 3b; N=126, 4; N=133), and their justice-related initiatives were rated more negatively (Study 5; N=259). Theoretical and practical implications regarding minority-majority relations and minorities’ ability to advance in workplace hierarchies are discussed.
ANALISA PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH PADA PT. BANK MEGA SYARI’AH PADANG
Authors: fernos jhon , Putra Yosef Eka
Published: March 2019

Satisfaction is feeling happy or disappointed someone who comes from a comparison between the impression of the performance (results) of a product with expectations. Satisfaction is a kind of step comparison between the experience of the evaluation results, can produce something spiritually comfortable, convenient not only because of imagined or expected. While customer satisfaction is a business strategy that consists of software and services designed to increase profits (profits), income (revenue) and customer satisfaction (customer satisfaction).This study aims to determine whether the customer satisfaction on the quality of service that has made Bank Mega Syariah meet the satisfaction level of its customers. As a financial institution for the people of Bank Mega Syariah trying to see firsthand the level of satisfaction of its customers by trying to implement a customer satisfaction Bank Mega Syariah. This research is qualitative. Data were obtained through questionnaires administered directly to the customer as a correspondent in this study. By using the analysis of test validity, reliability, and the F test and T test researchers trying to see the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction Bank Mega Syariah. From observation and testing that has been done shows that the validity of the test results of all valid questions and all questions the reliability test reliably obtained, with a value of 38.327 F test with a significance level of 0.000, far above 0.05 means tangible jointly independent variable (0.002), responsiveness (0.008), and assurance (0.032) significantly affects the dependent variable (Customer satisfaction), while the independent variable empathy (0.260) and Reliability (0124) had no significant effect on customer satisfaction in PT Bank Mega Syariah Padang.
Turbulent theory of velocity-profile-induced jet breakup
Authors: Trettel Ben
Published: March 2019

Velocity profile relaxation is commonly believed to be a cause of jet breakup. This claim is critically reevaluated in this work. Contrary to common belief, laminar liquid jets with parabolic velocity profiles are actually more stable than laminar jets with flatter velocity profiles. This is shown using prior theory and experiments. For turbulent jets, the influence of the velocity profile is more difficult to determine. Previous experimentalists claimed to show that the velocity profile has an effect by varying the nozzle length. The claim is that the boundary layer thickness grows with nozzle length, and that the larger the boundary layer, the less stable the jet. In this work, nozzle length is shown to be a poor proxy for velocity profile effects because the turbulence intensity also increases as the nozzle length increases. Studies with this confounding were ignored in this work. Thinner boundary layers have greater shear, yet experiments have shown that if the boundary layer were made thinner (all else constant), the jet often is more stable. This is termed the "shear paradox". A potential resolution to the shear paradox is developed by considering that the area with shear also decreases as the boundary layer thickness is decreased, and by non-dimensionalizing the turbulent production rate by the dissipation. This theory shows an interaction between the integral scale and velocity profile relaxation which has not been previously discussed. The theoretical prediction that a smaller integral scale leads to more stable jets (due to increased turbulent dissipation) is shown to be somewhat consistent with the limited experimental and DNS data available.
Efficient Production of Acetic Acid from Nipa (Nypa fruticans) Sap by Moorella thermoacetica (f. Clostridium thermoaceticum)
Authors: Van Nguyen Dung , Sethapokin Pinthep , Rabemanolontsoa Harifara , Minami Eiji , Kawamoto Haruo , Saka Shiro
Published: March 2019

To valorize the underutilized nipa sap composed mainly of sucrose, glucose and fructose, acetic acid fermentation by Moorella thermoacetica was explored. Given that M. thermoacetica cannot directly metabolize sucrose, we evaluated various catalysts for the hydrolysis of this material. Oxalic acid and invertase exhibited high levels of activity towards the hydrolysis of the sucrose in nipa sap to glucose and fructose. Although these two methods consumed similar levels of energy for the hydrolysis of sucrose, oxalic acid was found to be more cost-effective. Nipa saps hydrolyzed by these two catalysts were also fermented by M. thermoacetica. The results revealed that the two hydrolyzed sap mixtures gave 10.0 g/L of acetic acid from the 10.2 g/L of substrate sugars in nipa sap. Notably, the results showed that the oxalic acid catalyst was also fermented to acetic acid, which avoided the need to remove the catalyst from the product stream. Taken together, these results show that oxalic acid hydrolysis is superior to enzymatic hydrolysis for the pretreatment of nipa sap. The acetic acid yield achieved in this study corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 98%, which is about 3.6 times higher than that achieved using the traditional methods. The process developed in this study therefore has high potential as a green biorefinery process for the efficient conversion of sucrose-containing nipa sap to bio-derived acetic acid.
OBSERVASI PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM BERBELANJA ONLINE
Authors: Mulyana Mumuh , Khrisnayoga Putu Pratama
Published: March 2019

Sepuluh Orang Konsumen memberikan respon atas pertanyaan observasi berikut ini :1. Website Online Shopping apa yang pernah dikunjungi? Sebutkan nama websitenya.2. Kapan terakhir melaksanakan transaksi online tersebut? Sebutkan tanggal dan jam-nya3. Produk apa yang dibeli4. Bagaimana cara pembayarannya? (Transfer Online Banking, Transfer ATM, Transfer SMS Banking, Kartu Kredit)5. Apakah harga produk tersebut lebih murah dibanding beli langsung di pasar/toko?6. Bagaimana cara produk dikirimkan penjual ke konsumen? Layanan apa yang digunakan?7. Kemudahan apa yang dirasakan konsumen saat melakukan transaksi online tersebut8. Kesulitan apa yang dirasakan konsumen saat melakukan transaksi online tersebut9. Apakah Anda akan membeli produk lain di web online shopping tersebut?10. Apakah Anda akan merekomendasikan web online shopping tersebut kepada orang lain?