bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intellectual Capital and Brands: Relationships between Two Kinds of Intangible Assets
Authors: Ramada Óscar Teixeira
Published: April 2022

The aim of this research is to know what the relevant literature says about 2 assets, belonging to the same category of intangibles and what their relationships (if any) are: the intellectual capital and brands. Generally, what the literature on intellectual capital lists are other topics, all of a non-intangible nature, such as business performance, competitive advantages, innovation, in particular. From the analysis and interpretation carried out in the papers selected for the aforementioned literature review, this did not allow finding a value for the brand, because even with an adequate formula, its value in € is not known, since it is dependent to know, also in €, the value of intellectual capital. It is thus observed that, evaluating a brand is dependent on evaluating the intellectual capital. If this one cannot be evaluated, so will that one. It was noted in particular that the brands considered were inserted in activity sectors, in a generic way, not materializing in anyone, in particular. On the other hand, the non-durable consumer goods sector and, in particular, the presence of the marketing aspect is completely omitted. This, in none of the cases, is referred to as what concerns communication, communication models, and even the principles of communication plans. In addition, brand functions and components, the creation and development of a brand, the identity prism, and even storytelling, are not present, instead of what they should be, working as expressions of intellectual capital in the context of brands, goods, and companies.
Nurses’ Burnout and Its Associated Factors and Impact on the Quality of Nursing Services
Authors: Agustina  , Teuku Tahlil  , Marlina
Published: April 2022

Background: Nurses are at risk of experiencing burnout and it can impact the quality of their nursingservices. The study aims to identify factors that influence nurses’ burnout and its impact on the qualityof nursing services at a public hospital in the Aceh Province, Indonesia.Methods: The research used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Self-reportedquestionnaires were used in data collection and distributed to 214 nurses. A proportional randomsampling technique was used in the selection of the study participants.Results: Results of data analysis using the Fisher’s exact test showed that there was a significantcorrelation between workload, work-family conflict, and job control with burnout. The Correlation wasnot significant between burnout with social support and with the quality of nursing services. The workfamilyconflict was identified as the most dominant factors that affect nurses’ burnout.Conclussion: The study concludes that nurses’ burnout is related to workload, work-family conflict,and job control and has no impact on the quality of nursing services.
European principles of participatory democracy and their implementation in Ukraine
Authors: KORZH I.
Published: April 2022

This article examines the issue of introducing at the European level the principles governing citizens' participation in public affairs and public decision-making, primarily at the local level. The main acts of the European Union are considered, by which these principles are implemented for the citizens of the Union, and which are aimed at enhancing the participation of citizens in solving pressing issues of society. A brief analysis of the state of similar legislation in Ukraine is carried out and an assessment of its effectiveness is given.
Areas of development of legal regulation of identification data management.
Authors: KOSTENKO O. , MANGORA V.
Published: April 2022

The world scientific community puts a lot of effort into the technical implementation of identity management systems. At the same time, the legal regulation of identification data management processes is not carried out or is carried out selectively or exclusively for a specific situational procedure. Today, scientists are studying the possibility of applying existing regulations to regulate modern social relations in the field of identity management. The disadvantage of this approach is that these regulations, as a rule, have long been adopted, are archaic in nature, contain “outdated” rules of law, do not contain modern definitions and do not take into account the development of social relations, which consist of modern information and communication technologies. At the present stage of intensive development of public relations and the use of new information and communication technologies, scientists mainly study the processes of information security management systems or protection of personal data of individuals and legal entities. It should be noted that ISMS and FAR should be considered as components of the overall system of identification data management. However, in general, the issue of legal regulation of identity management, as a legal intersectoral institution that affects many aspects of public life, is not considered. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Prospects of legal regulation of identity management based on the proposals of the United States of America are considered.
Destructive influence of the media on the public and personal consciousness and behavior of young people
Authors: UKHANOVA N.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the destructive impact of information and propaganda on public and personal consciousness and behavior of young people. It has been found that the media have a negative impact on the behavior of young people today. Constant unrestricted access to the Internet also has a negative impact on young people's behavior, which in turn leads to various deviations in the model of young people's behavior. It is determined that the mass media on the basis of the implementation of a significant number of techniques and methods of propaganda and disinformation manipulate the public consciousness of modern youth. The activities of the media, whose main task is to influence public opinion, in relation to young people can be destructive, due to the fact that the younger generation, due to lack of experience, can not control such influence and suggestion. It has been proved that the manipulation of human consciousness, the suggestion of nationalist stereotypes and negative attitudes in order to motivate society to specific actions and deeds is carried out through the media. Due to the fact that the interaction of the individual with the media is constant, the impact is significant. It is concluded that in our time, the existence of modern information and communication technologies and manipulation based on information and propaganda has a purposeful and aggressive impact on social and personal consciousness and behavior of young people.
Strategic principles for ensuring information security in modern conditions
Authors: NOVYTSKYI V.
Published: April 2022

The hybrid information threats and challenges distributed by the Russian Federation are considered. The main provisions of the modern Information Security Strategy of Ukraine are outlined. The content, purpose and tasks of the Information Security Strategy are revealed. The conceptual principles of the state information policy in modern conditions are detailed. Typical types of threats of external information influence are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of conducting special information operations against Ukraine. The strategic principles of information security are generalized. The tasks and achievements of the domestic special service in the field of information security are summarized. It is proposed to clarify the competence of the domestic special service to preserve the function of information security in terms of its reform. The directions of the further activity of the Security Service of Ukraine in the framework of the implementation of counterintelligence and operational-investigative measures aimed at preventing and localizing Russian destructive activities to the detriment of state interests in the information sphere have been identified.
A new strategy for countering terrorism in the US
Authors: MALAKHOV H.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of a new counter-terrorism strategy in the United States. The main elements of this strategy are considered. The article assesses the degree of effectiveness of measures taken in the United States to implement counter-terrorism measures. The interaction of the subjects of the fight against terrorism within the framework of this strategy is highlighted. The role of the private sector in the fight against terrorism is noted.
Legal regulation of non-traditional forms of marriage and family relations
Authors: MANGORA T. , SHVETS L.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the issues related to the legislative consolidation of legal norms governing non-traditional marital and family relations. The article reveals the concept of family and marriage. Different types of non-traditional models of family relations and their classification are considered. The state of legislative consolidation of norms providing state registration of same-sex relations in Ukraine and the world is analyzed. The key points of ensuring the protection of the rights of persons who intend to enter into a same-sex marriage are highlighted. The decisions in the complaints of same-sex couples to the European Court of Human Rights have been studied.
Effectiveness and safety of panretinal photocoagulation combined with intravitreous ranibizumab for patients with type 2 proliferative diabetic retinopathy：A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors:   First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Li Ting , Ge Shudan , Zheng Wei , Luan Chao , Liu Xingtong , Luo Zongxiu , Zhao Qi , Xie Lulu
Published: April 2022

Review question / Objective: Our study aims to synthesise results from randomised controlled trials to assess the effectiveness and safety of PRP combined with intravitreous ranibizumab for T2PDR. Condition being studied: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus, which will seriously affect the quality of life of patients and bring great burden to patients’ families and society. DR is one of the most important diseases of blindness in people aged 20 to 60 years worldwide. Nearly 15% of diabetic patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years were combined with DR.The prevalence of vision threatening diabetic retinopathy in the United States is 4.4 percent. Worldwide, the prevalence is estimated at 10.2%.At present, the treatment methods for type 2 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (T2PDR), at home and abroad mainly include retinal laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.
Computer program for modeling of technical state indicators of electromechanical systems
Authors:   Branch of the National Research University ", Kurilin Sergey P. ,   MPEI",   in Smolensk, Sokolov Andrey M. ,   Branch of the National Research University "MPEI" in Smolensk, Prokimnov Nikolai N. ,   Synergy University
Published: April 2022

The article is aimed at solving the problem of scientific justification of criteria and methods for assessing the technical state of electromechanical systems based on the topological diagnostic method. Mathematical model and computer program for simulation of technical state indices of asynchronous electric motors (AEM) are presented. Functions and Green matrices, as well as deviation matrices, are considered as such indicators. The basis of the program is the mathematical model of the AEM with a non-accelerated rotor and non-homogeneous windings. AEM is supplied from pulse voltage source. The action is carried out in different directions of the vector space of the motor in order to determine its characteristics and degree of homogeneity. Based on the reactions of the object, the program calculates and analyzes technical indicators for intact and damaged states of the AEM. A computer program for mathematical modeling of the technical state indicators of the AEM was carried out using the Maple package of symbolic and numerical calculations, which provides extensive opportunities for mathematical studies of various levels. A description of a software implementation of the proposed mathematical model is given. An example of using a program to model the performance of a serial motor with specified technical characteristics is given. The article presents the results of modeling the object indicators corresponding to the object different operational states. A reference state, a damaged state characterized by a change in the properties of the vector space during long-term operation, as well as a limit state, which corresponds to a break in one of the phases of the rotor winding, were defined as these states. Conclusions on each of the given electric motor states are given.
Instrumental support of technologies for organizing group training for the development of soft skills in data science and analytics
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Gaibova Tatyana V. , Sakhnyuk Pavel A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the problem of organizing training for data scientists and data analytics specialists using information technologies. The authors analyzed the current sets of competencies of data science and analytics, identified the problems of organizing their development, considered modern trends in the instrumental support of the learning process. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the development of soft skills in data science and analytics, which should be taken into account in systems and platforms for learning support when building models for the formation of personalized content and learning paths within the course. The necessity of creating a multi-agent software application to support the pedagogical design of the course is substantiated, which allows to adapt the capabilities of modern software systems and learning platforms to increase the efficiency of group interaction and the formation of soft skills necessary in the implementation of data analysis projects. The results of the conceptual design of a multi-agent application integrated with modern learning platforms are presented: a UML diagram of use cases is proposed that provides support for the personalization of training not only at the individual, but also at the command level, the base classes of agents are highlighted and an ontological model is developed to support the formation of soft skills in data science and analytics, directions of further research are determined. The results obtained will be useful to support the formation of a full set of competencies for data science and analytics, as well as to increase the efficiency of group work and support the personalization of content in a hybrid or online learning format, both in the higher education system and in corporate divisions.
Modeling the process of self-starting of electric motors for auxiliary needs of a nuclear power plant to accelerate it and minimize various disturbances
Authors:   Branch of the National Research University ", Rozhkov Vyacheslav V. ,   MPEI",   in Smolensk, Krutikov Kirill K. ,   Branch of the National Research University "MPEI" in Smolensk, Fedotov Vladimir V. ,   The Branch of National Research University MPEI in Smolensk, Butrimov Sergey G. ,   Branch of the Rosenergoatom Concern Joint-Stock Company Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant
Published: April 2022

The article proposes a solution to the problem of accelerating the processes of self-starting of asynchronous electric motors of pumping equipment with the help of simulation computer modeling tools to reduce the negative impact on the power supply circuit of the auxiliary needs of a nuclear power plant. The features of the run-down transient processes and the interaction of machines of various capacities in the autonomous circuit that occurs after they are turned off, the subsequent transition to a backup power source, and the emerging effects during self-start are considered. It is shown that the most severe mode of such a transition occurs as a result of the operation of automatic switching on of the reserve and disconnection of working power sources by technological protections or actions of operational personnel at the operational level of operating voltage and nominal or close to it load sections. The analysis of emerging modes is carried out using models developed in the MatLab computer mathematics system with a built-in electrical application. The features of the processes of run-down and subsequent self-starting at various favorable and unfavorable moments of time and the magnitude of the mismatch between the voltages of the network and the resulting autonomous circuit are demonstrated. The models make it possible to obtain a reliable mathematical description of the electromagnetic and mechanical processes of motors in a complex electromechanical system of several motors, to measure the instantaneous voltage differences between the network and the run-down circuit, and to predict the optimal time to turn on the backup power source. The results of the studies carried out on the models are the development of recommendations on the technology for monitoring voltage and circuit mismatches for the same phases, the assessment of the root-mean-square deviation of these mismatches and the effective search for the moment of re-enabling the backup source to improve the technological modes of nuclear power plants.
Neural network model to support decision-making on managing cooperative relations in innovative ecosystems
Authors:   Branch of the National Research University ", Kirillova Elena A. ,   MPEI",   in Smolensk, Lazarev Alexey I. ,   Branch of the National Research University "MPEI" in Smolensk, Kultygin Oleg P. ,   Synergy University
Published: April 2022

Currently, the specifics of external conditions and peculiarities of innovation activity main subjects development determine not only the need for close, long-term scientific and technical cooperation with the state for the sustainable development of territories, but also the need to develop and substantiate proposals for managing the development of innovation processes in such a system as a whole. The article proposes a model for the representation of scientific and industrial interaction in the implementation of regional innovation processes in the form of a three-dimensional "slice" of the triple helix as a resource VRIO-profile of cooperative formation, which allows to clearly demonstrate the system of relations, identify in which direction the problem area is, influencing which it will be possible to return the system to an equilibrium state of sustainable development in a strategic perspective. The analysis of modern scientific works shows the relevance, necessity and effectiveness of using methods based on neural networks to predict changes in the state of complex socio-economic systems, such as regional innovation systems. Existing approaches, as a rule, demonstrate a narrow focus and belonging to a separate enterprise or organization, and therefore do not meet all the requirements from both the implementation of the innovation process itself and the modification of the external environment. In this connection, the authors proposed an information and analytical solution for using the described model to support decision-making on the management of cooperative formations. The developed program is based on predicting the future state (position in a three-dimensional coordinate system) of the system using deep neural networks, namely recurrent. The described practical approbation of the model can in the future serve as a basis for decision-making on the choice of forms and directions of interaction of cooperative formations in the strategic perspective.
Customer Satisfaction Level on Services from Social Enterprises in Health Care Sector in Karnataka
Authors:   Research Scholar, JSS Research Foundation, SJCE Campus, Mysuru and Assistant Professor of Commerce, P.E.S. College, Mandya, S Neelakanta , Honnappa Dr. H.C ,   Research Guide, JSS Research Foundation, SJCE Campus, Mysore
Published: April 2022

Social Enterprises have been found to operate primarily in resource-constrained contexts. Traditional resources are being depleted at an increasing rate, and competition for these common resources is becoming more intense. The study aimed to determine the level of satisfaction of patients who availed services from social enterprises in health care sector in Karnataka. The study was based on primary data where a well structured questionnaire was distributed to 623 patients of the concerned hospitals operating in Karnataka. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and percentage were used. One-sample test were used for the analysis and interpretation of data to know the perceptions of respondents. It was found that services provided by social enterprises in the health care sector significantly influenced the level of customer satisfaction.
Architectures of Compact Super-Earth Systems Shaped by Instabilities
Authors: Goldberg Max , Batygin Konstantin
Published: April 2022

Compact nonresonant systems of sub-Jovian planets are the most common outcome of the planet formation process. Despite exhibiting broad overall diversity, these planets also display dramatic signatures of intrasystem uniformity in their masses, radii, and orbital spacings. Although the details of their formation and early evolution are poorly known, sub-Jovian planets are expected to emerge from their natal nebulae as multiresonant chains, owing to planet–disk interactions. Within the context of this scenario, the architectures of observed exoplanet systems can be broadly replicated if resonances are disrupted through postnebular dynamical instabilities. Here, we generate an ad hoc sample of resonant chains and use a suite of N-body simulations to show that instabilities can not only reproduce the observed period ratio distribution, but that the resulting collisions also modify the mass uniformity in a way that is consistent with the data. Furthermore, we demonstrate that primordial mass uniformity, motivated by the sample of resonant chains coupled with dynamical sculpting, naturally generates uniformity in orbital period spacing similar to what is observed. Finally, we find that almost all collisions lead to perfect mergers, but some form of postinstability damping is likely needed to fully account for the present-day dynamically cold architectures of sub-Jovian exoplanets.
Favipiravir for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia: Can we predict the response to treatment?
Authors: Sayiner Abdullah , Erdem Huseyin Aytac , Korkmaz Ekren Pervin , Tasbakan Sezai , Basoglu Ozen K , Tasbakan Meltem Isikgoz , Yamazhan Tansu , Gokengin Deniz , Ozhan Mustafa Hikmet
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Early experience with favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19 is promising, but no clinical data have been published in medical journals. This study aimed to review the experience with favipiravir treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia and to examine whether there are any predictors of treatment response.

Methodology: Fifty-six patients with severe or progressive pneumonia associated with COVID-19 who were treated with favipiravir monotherapy for at least five days were included in this retrospective study. Treatment response was defined as clinical recovery without any need for admission into the intensive care unit and/or anti-cytokine therapy. The demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiographic features of the patients were compared between favipiravir-responders and non-responders.

Results: Of the 56 patients, 34 patients (60.7%) responded to treatment and recovered. There was no difference in the demographic, clinical, and radiographic findings between the responders and non-responders. The inflammatory biomarkers were also similar except for the CRP levels on the day favipiravir was started [74 (36-111) vs. 118.5 (46.5-203) mg/L, respectively, p = 0.043]. There was also a significant difference in the median time to defervescence [1 (1-2) vs. 3.5 (1.75-9.25) days, respectively]. Of clinical interest, 27 (79.4%) and 31 (91.2%) of the responders became afebrile within two and four days, respectively. The response rate was lower in patients who presented severe pneumonia associated with respiratory failure.

Conclusions: Patients with non-severe pneumonia at admission and whose fever resolved within two days of treatment are more likely to improve with favipiravir.
Antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin-impregnated 3D-printed polylactic acid discs: an in vitro study
Authors: Ruh Emrah , Mammadov Emil
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology allows incorporation of various substances including antibiotics into different structures. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin-impregnated 3D discs against Escherichia coli.

Methodology: Polylactic acid pellets were coated with ciprofloxacin at 1% and 2% concentrations, then filaments were produced from these pellets, and antibiotic-containing discs were obtained using fused deposition modeling 3D printers. The working temperatures during filament extrusion and 3D printing processes were 200 °C and 215 °C, respectively. Therefore, in order to test the thermal stability of ciprofloxacin during these processes, the antibiotic was exposed to 200 °C and 215 °C in an oven, and then tested against E. coli. Following this, efficiencies of antibiotic-coated pellets, filaments and discs against E. coli were determined by diffusion tests.

Results: Ciprofloxacin heated at 200 °C and 215 °C was stable and retained its antibacterial activity. Pellets, filaments and discs coated with 1% or 2% concentration of ciprofloxacin produced inhibition zones in the culture plates. Increasing ciprofloxacin concentration did not significantly affect the diameter of inhibition zones (p > 0.05). Ciprofloxacin-containing polylactic acid pellets produced significantly larger inhibition zones than those of filaments and discs (p < 0.0001). The difference in zone diameters around ciprofloxacin-containing filaments and discs was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin-coated polylactic acid-based 3D discs displayed antibacterial activity against E. coli. This suggests that, various polylactic acid-based ciprofloxacin-containing 3D products can be obtained and evaluated for antibacterial activity in future studies.
Early Diagnosis and Management of Non ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Park Sang Min , Ryu Sung Kee , Shin Mi-seung
Published: April 2022

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease with high mortality. Acute MI is usually divided into ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) based on the electrocardiogram (ECG). NSTEMI is often misdiagnosed in patients presenting to emergency departments with acute chest pain because its clinical course varies and is atypical compared to STEMI. The symptoms can be vague and the ECG is often not diagnostic. In this setting, an early accurate diagnosis and risk stratification could improve the mortality of patients with NSTEMI. Cardiac biomarkers such as high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) help to diagnose NSTEMI. Serial hs-cTn assays should be considered to differentiate other conditions, especially in an ambiguous clinical situation. If acute MI is strongly suspected based on the symptoms, ECG, and cardiac biomarkers, catheterization laboratory activation should be timely considered to evaluate the coronary arteries and possible revascularization with percutaneous or surgical strategies depending on risk factors. After successful revascularization, antianginal medications, risk factor control, and early recognition of heart failure are essential to improve the cardiovascular prognosis.
Single-Center Real-World Experience of Multiple Myeloma in the 21st Century
Authors: Cho Hyungwoo , Kim Shin , Lee Kyoungmin , Kang Eun Hee , Park Jung Sun , Suh Cheolwon
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims: The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) in Korea is rapidly increasing. The diagnostic criteria of MM have been updated and novel therapeutic agents are available. This study explored the features of MM patients registered at Asan Medical Center (AMC) and the outcomes over the past 15 years.Methods: Data were obtained from the AMC MM registry, which has been collecting the data of MM patients prospectively. The 774 MM patients included in our analysis were diagnosed from 2003, when thalidomide became available as a novel therapeutic agent, until April 2019. The 2-year survival rate of these patients was assessed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were older or younger than 65 years, which is the cutoff age for the indication of autologous stem cell transplantation. Patients were also grouped according to the year of diagnosis: up to 2006, when bortezomib became available, and up to 2010, when the cost of lenalidomide was reimbursed.Results: Patients < 65 years of age had better prognostic features, including a better performance, less advanced disease stage, and fewer abnormalities in their fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) analysis results. A comparison of our Korean patients with patients registered in the Myeloma Related Disorder Registry data of Australia and New Zealand, showed ethnic discrepancies. The median overall survival of all patients was 3.7 years, with a 5-year survival rate of 41.8% and a 10-year survival rate of 23.4%. Survival progressively improved in patients diagnosed later. Age, performance status, renal function, C-reactive protein level, lactate dehydrogenase level, and cytogenetic findings were identified as significant prognostic factors.Conclusions: This real-world survey revealed the clinical features and survival rates of patients at a tertiary Korean Hospital who were diagnosed with MM at the beginning of 21st century.
Nutcracker Syndrome with Thin Basement Membrane Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Sichan , Hong Hye Yeon , Jung Suyun , Lee Hearan , Yang Eun Hye , Baek Chung Hee
Published: April 2022

Nutcracker syndrome is caused by external compression of the left renal vein and is characterized by various symptoms, such as hematuria and left flank pain. However, long-standing gross hematuria is uncommon. We report the case of a 23-year-old woman who had had painless gross hematuria for several months. Kidney biopsy revealed thin basement membrane disease, but this did not explain the gross hematuria with proteinuria. Renal venography and Doppler ultrasonography showed increased diameter and velocity ratios between the left renal vein and inferior vena cava. Cystoscopy revealed that the hematuria originated from the left ureteral orifice. These results indicate coexisting Nutcracker syndrome. Nutcracker syndrome with thin basement membrane disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient who has long-standing gross hematuria.
New Health Technology before nHTA is also Uninsured Benefit
Authors: Lim Chulhui
Published: April 2022

There has been a misunderstanding that new health technology before new health technology assessment is neither insured benefit nor uninsured benefit. But medical treatment is either insured benefit or uninsured benefit. New health technology is medical treatment. Therefore it shall be either insured benefit or uninsured benefit. It is nothing else. Subparagraph 4 (n) of (attached) Table 2 of ｢Rule for Standard of insured Benefits of National Health Insurance｣ determines whether new health technology is insured benefit or uninsured benefit, which was introduced on Jannuary 1, 2002. Main sentence of the subparagraph 4 (n) states that new health technology is in principle uninsured benefit. The latter part of the subparagraph 4 (n) states that new health technology is exceptionally insured benefit. In a word, the subparagraph 4 (n) state that new health technology is uninsured benefit of main sentence or uninsured benefit of the latter part. In case where the subparagraph 4 (n) does not apply to new health technology, article 41 (2) 2 of the Act applies. this paper calls this “overdetermination”. Overdetermination is three-layered, but only two-layered overdetermination was discussed in this paper.
Confirmation of the presence of Eleocharis mamillata (H.Lindb.) H.Lindb. subsp. austriaca (Hayek) Strandh. (Cyperaceae) in Piedmont (Italy)
Authors: Lorenzo Lastrucci  , Livia Lunardi  , Graziana Fiorini  , Daniele Viciani
Published: April 2022

Eleocharis mamillata subsp. austriaca belongs to Eleocharis subser. Eleocharis. The presence of this entity in the Italian territory was known for almost all the Alpine administrative regions and for Calabria. According to the Portal to the Flora of Italy, this entity was reported for Piedmont based on erroneous records. Nevertheless, during a wide herbarium survey on the subseries Eleocharis, several old and recent specimens collected in Piedmont have been identified as Eleocharis mamillata subsp. austriaca. Therefore, we can confirm the presence of the taxon in this region and provide a distribution map on the basis of the analysed material.
Implementation of a transitions of care elective course at a pharmacy school with branch sites
Authors: Taylor Heather , Englin Elizabeth F.
Published: April 2022

Background: The Center for Advancement of Pharmacy Education educational outcomes include an objective regarding managing patient's healthcare needs during transitions of care (TOC). Pharmacy school curriculums should be designed to teach student pharmacists to provide TOC services.   
Methods: A TOC focused elective was implemented across three sites of a pharmacy school. The course involved lectures, interactive activities, flip-the-classroom activities, and group projects.   
Results: A total of 51 students completed course evaluation surveys over two course offerings. Most students, 92.2% (n = 47), agreed or strongly agreed that the course objectives were met. Similarly, 96.1% (n = 49) agreed or strongly agreed that the course was well organised.   
Conclusion: An assessment of course evaluations demonstrated positive student perceptions of the course and successful course implementation. Schools of pharmacy should consider implementing a TOC focused elective to provide students with foundational knowledge for caring for patients throughout the continuum of care.
Combined impact of myofascial techniques and gymnastics for the rehabilitation of children with neuropathy of the facial nerve
Authors: Lupandina-Bolotova Galina S. , Polyakov Sergey D. , Pak Lale A. , Revina Aliya A. , Ashtaeva Olga V.
Published: April 2022

Facial neuropathy (Bell’s palsy) is a disease characterized by damage to the nerve fibers of the VII cranial nerve with the occurrence of unilateral facial muscle weakness or paralysis. Damage to the facial nerve is the most common type of cranial neuropathy. Delayed treatment onset and/or inadequate therapy of the disease leads to the residual neurological deficit, which may significantly reduce the patient’s quality of life. The best result in the rehabilitation of children with facial nerve neuropathy is provided with an integrated approach using myofascial manual therapy techniques and exercises. This is achieved during the therapy sessions with a myofascial manual techniques complex. After preparing the muscles, fascia and skin, the therapist conducts a set of passive and active exercises with a patient to restore the work of his/her facial muscles. The method was created, tested, and implemented in the Federal State Autonomous Institution “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The essence of the method consists of the process of therapy sessions, providing a gradual recovery of functional relationships between the myofascial structures of the face, and improvement of lymphatic drainage, arterial blood supply, and venous outflow restoration. The alternation of myofascial manual techniques with exercises contributes to the maximum effective restoration of the symmetrical work of the facial muscles. Evaluation of the effectiveness of myofascial manual techniques and corrective exercises was carried out by clinical presentation changes and follow-up data. Comprehensive rehabilitation using myofascial manual techniques and exercises makes it possible to achieve improvement in restoring the function of facial muscles, eliminating asymmetry, and preventing complications. Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of myofascial manual techniques and exercises in the rehabilitation of children with facial neuropathy. Based on the results of the study, a positive effect of this method was shown to improve the functions of mimic muscles and facial symmetry in children with Bell’s palsy.
Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Bubble Generation Process in Engine Oil Based on Model Experiments
Authors:   Kanagawa University, JAPAN, Ishihama Masao
Published: April 2022

Bubbles generated in oil pans adversely affect engine lubrication performance. For example, if air bubbles enter the lubrication system to much, they will cause bearing damage and heat exchange performance deterioration. However, the generating process of these bubbles has not been analyzed enough to be used in engine design. Therefore, as a typical case of bubble generation, observation was made with a high-speed camera in a model experiment in which a sprocket on a horizontal axis was rotated near an oil pool surface. These phenomena observed in the experiment were analyzed using fluid dynamics theory. From the high-speed photographs, three phenomena were identified as the bubble generation processes: 1) releasing air trapped in the pockets between the sprocket teeth, 2) separation of bubbles from the bottom of an oil surface valley caused by oil flow around the rotating sprocket, and 3) entrapment of air by oil droplets dropping on the oil surface. The first process mentioned above was found to be explained by a model in which liquid accumulated in a channel flows downstream when a weir is suddenly released. The second process was modeled by the combination of velocity potentials caused by gravity and circulation around the rotating sprocket. The numerical simulation based on this model met well with experiment results. Concerning the third process, the development of oil film ridge on the rotating sprocket, which becomes large oil droplets entrapping air in bulk oil reserved in a pan, was investigated. To predict the influences of design factors, fundamental equations of motion governing the phenomenon were derived. Order estimation of terms in the equations caused by centrifugal force, viscosity and surface tension was conducted. Then, the equations were solved numerically. As a result, effects of such factors as oil viscosity, surface tension, and gravitational potential on the growth of oil ridge were identified. Concerning also the third process, formulation and numerical calculation of air trapping in a cavity caused by oil droplet were conducted using surface tension mechanics. This formulation enabled us to calculate the process in which the gravitational and capillary pressures in the oil pool reduced the cavity inlet diameter of the cavity dug down by the oil drop. This theory can explain the experimental result that two oil droplets falling successively tend to generate bubbles. As a result, we improved the method of predicting bubble generation using dimensionless numbers such as Froude and Weber numbers. These studies will guide our future lubrication system design.
Sustainable road mobility with methane gas. Preliminary results of a monovalent spark ignition engine fueled with methane
Authors:   University of Pitesti, ROMANIA, CLENCI Adrian
Published: April 2022

As argued in many papers, from the road mobility point of view, today, there are three major problems facing humanity: (1) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, global warming and city pollution; (2) renewable or sustainable sources of energy; and (3) energy security. The above listed 3 problems generated intense discussions at international level on the impact of the road mobility at global scale. It is well acknowledged through many studies that transport is responsible for around a quarter of CO2 emission (GHG) in the EU. About 75% of this CO2 is produced by road transportation, which is a significantly growing sector worldwide, as we all know. Therefore, decarbonization of road transport is a must. Consequently, as it is very well known, today, the automotive industry heavily invests in the zero and ultra-low emission vehicles (ZEV, ULEV) such as battery electric vehicles (BEV) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). However, the electrification of road transport will certainly not be the single silver bullet at least for medium term. Until the electrification reaches a better cost and performance level and even a better well-to-wheel efficiency, it is our opinion, as well, that the alternative fuels will continue to be important in the future of road transport in order to be possible to meet the objective concerning the reduction of GHG emissions. Out of the currently available alternative fuels, the methane gas is considered to be one of the best substitute for fossil fuels because, on the one hand, it’s compatible with conventional internal combustion engine and, on the other hand, it’s eco-friendly due to its clean nature of combustion. This being the context, this paper is about presenting our project, which consists in developing a road demonstrator fueled with methane, fully optimized for the operation with methane in order to show the complete potential of this alternative fuel. Thus, our road demonstrator fueled with methane will be developed based on a current turbocharged compression ignition (CI) engine, which will be adapted in order to achieve the spark ignition (SI) operation. Consequently, this paper’s aim is to fully describe the transformation of the CI engine into a SI engine fueled with methane along with the preliminary results about its energetic and ecologic performance obtained at the engine test bed. Our project is actually meant to contribute to the increasing of the awareness about the potential of methane as ecofriendly fuel for road mobility and is joining the existing regulations to trigger the interest in methane.
Customer-Focussed Automatic Test Course Design
Authors:   Volkswagen AG, GERMANY, Grober Florian , Janßen Andreas ,   Volkswagen AG, GERMANY, Küçükay Ferit ,   TU Braunschweig, GERMANY
Published: April 2022

Customer centricity gains increasing importance in vehicle development. With respect to durability testing and approval of prototypes, it causes the requirement for testing procedures which highly comply with the occurring loads during customer operation. In this manner, lightweight construction is enabled and considerable economic advantages are raised by avoiding oversizing as well as undersizing of components. As current state of the art, vehicle manufacturers use special test courses on proving grounds or public roads which must be endured damage-free by the vehicle prototype until a compulsory mileage is reached. Alternatively, the course's loads can be reproduced on a test rig to reduce the required test time. The definition of these test courses is based on long-standing experiences. According to new trends in the automotive sector, as for example electrification and shared mobility, it can be predicted that the customer loads will change in accelerating cycles. Correspondingly, these previous experiences cannot be used offhandedly for such new questions and existing test courses become invalid. To solve the described problem of inflexibility, this article presents a technology for automatic generation of appropriate test courses from customer field data. The developed algorithm transforms customer-oriented load spectra into a test course that reproduces the occurred loads as good as possible. For this purpose, digital map data is combined with measured track load data and consecutive road segments are assembled to a complete test course by heuristic methods. This resulting course requires a minimum driving distance and induces approximately the same loads as the destination load spectra derived from customer field data. The optimisation can be processed simultaneously for several different load channels. Via using automation and heuristics, a good performance arises and enables a fast as well as flexible generation of tailored test courses pursuant to current demands. In contrast to the inflexible test course concept used so far, the described technique represents a good improvement of customer-oriented testing methodology. Therefore, it provides a great novelty value. In the article, the process of an automatic test course design is demonstrated and validated by means of a real example, which shows the practical applicability. The latter is also proved by the fact that the described method has already been used successfully in the research and development of Volkswagen AG.
Bimetal Mixture Forging Process and Its Influence on Intermetallic Phase Seam Properties for An Automotive Component
Authors:   The Automotive Research Association of India, INDIA, Parasumanna Ajeet
Published: April 2022

In today’s scenario, the fuel cost and stricter norms related to environmental protection are exponentially increasing and thus lightweight forging is gaining importance which directly enhances the efficiency of the entire vehicle leading to reduction in pollution and fuel consumption. Material substitution with lighter alloy is one of the solutions but the part design is a constraint to implement this approach in structural load bearing parts which undergoes dynamic loading in its lifecycle. Mixture forging is a solid / Semi solid hot-forming process of two different materials while plastic deformation occurs. In mixture forging of steel-aluminum parts there is a formation of intermetallic phases and the diffusion occurs between two materials. This paper is addressing the challenges in forging process and especially producing bimetal product by adapting to currently followed forging practices and infrastructure. In this study, a component forging process is designed using finite element computation tool and then forged in two stages followed by application of mixture forging concept during forging operation to achieve light weighting. The two different materials used are 42CrMo4 steel for high strength at the outer case and AA6061 aluminium alloy for a lightweight core. The thickness of the intermetallic phase seam achieved is less than 10 μm and its material characterisation is carried out using SEM analysis. Micro-hardness measurement was taken of the intermetallic phase and is found to be 855 (HV 0.01) which is brittle in nature. The component thus forged is found to be 27% lighter than the component produced by steel forging. This technology is a part of the multi material joining technology using forging process wherein conventional equipment can be used. The bulk forming process achieving multi material solution is a innovative process and can lead to lighweighting of various circular parts and shaft primarily in the transmission of ICE and Electric Vehicles.