bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melanin enhances metastatic melanoma colonization by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Groenewoud Arwin , Gelmi Maria Chiara , Zhao Gangyin , Yin Jie , Lamers Gerda , Doorn Remco van , Verdijk Rob , Jager Martine , Engel Felix , Snaar-Jagalska B.
Published: September 2023

Melanoma-associated death is mainly caused by metastatic disease whereby increased melanin levels correlate with decreased melanoma patient survival. Which role melanin plays in melanoma-associated death is unknown. Here, we show that melanin protects circulating melanoma cells from ferroptosis, enhancing their metastatic potential. Melanin levels in patient-derived uveal melanoma cells as well as cutaneous and conjunctival melanoma cell lines correlate with their metastatic potential in zebrafish xenografts. Furthermore, increasing or decreasing intracellular melanin levels in melanoma cells is sufficient to enhance or reduce their metastatic potential, respectively. In addition, the expression of genes encoding melanosomal enzyme TYRP1 and also the ferroptosis-related proteins GPX4 and VDAC1 is strongly associated with reduced melanoma-specific survival. Moreover, melanin depletion increased ferroptosis sensitivity leading to an enhanced efficacy of ferroptosis induction. Collectively, our results reveal that combined inhibition of melanin biosynthetic enzymes and induction of ferroptosis has potential as a treatment strategy of metastatic melanoma.
RETRACTED: Mutation mechanisms behind lung cancer advancement in the Japanese population
Authors: Nagah Ahmed , Abdelhamid Talaat
Published: September 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Use of implementation mapping in the planning of a hybrid type 1 pragmatic clinical trial: the BeatPain Utah study
Authors: Fritz Julie M , Gibson Bryan , Wetter David W , Fiol Guilherme Del , Solis Victor H , Ford Isaac , Lundberg Kelly , Thackeray Anne
Published: September 2023

Background
Considerable disparities in chronic pain management have been identified. Persons in rural, lower income and minoritized communities are less likely to receive evidence-based, nonpharmacologic care. Telehealth delivery of nonpharmacologic, evidence-based interventions for persons with chronic pain is a promising strategy to lessen disparities, but implementation comes with many challenges. The BeatPain Utah study is a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation pragmatic clinical trial investigating telehealth strategies to provide nonpharmacologic care from physical therapists to persons with chronic back pain receiving care in Community Health Centers (CHCs). CHCs provide primary care to all persons regardless of ability to pay. This paper outlines the use of implementation mapping to develop a multifaceted implementation plan for the BeatPain study.
Methods
During a planning year for the BeatPain trial we developed a comprehensive logic model including the 5-step implementation mapping process informed by additional frameworks and theories. The five iterative implementation mapping steps were addressed in the planning year; 1) conduct needs assessments for involved groups; 2) identify implementation outcomes, performance objectives and determinants; 3) select implementation strategies; 4) produce implementation protocols and materials; and 5) evaluate implementation outcomes.
Results
CHC leadership/providers, patients and physical therapists were identified as involved groups. Barriers and assets were identified across groups which informed identification of performance objectives necessary to implement two key processes; 1) electronic referral of patients with back pain in CHC clinics to the BeatPain team; and 2) connecting patients with physical therapists providing telehealth. Determinants of the performance objectives for each group informed our choice of implementation strategies which focused on training, education, clinician support and tailoring physical therapy interventions for telehealth delivery and cultural competency. We selected implementation outcomes for the BeatPain trial to evaluate the success of our implementation strategies.
Conclusions
Implementation mapping provided a comprehensive and systematic approach to develop an implementation plan during the planning phase for our ongoing hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial. We will be able to evaluate the implementation strategies used in the BeatPain Utah study to inform future efforts to implement telehealth delivery of evidence-based pain care in CHCs and other settings.
Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04923334. Registered June 11, 2021 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04923334
Provider’s individual and network attributes in the selection process of a predominant prenatal care provider; a case-control study
Authors: Deng Songyuan , Bennett Kevin
Published: September 2023

Background: Previous studies have explored the individual attributes of potential providers in the provider selection process. Among all potential providers, a predominant prenatal care provider, initially defined as the one who provided the most services or/and the first or last service during a pregnancy, had the most significant impact on prenatal care utilization and continuity of care. This study aims to examine the association between provider attributes, including network attributes (patient panel size, degree, and community size) and individual attributes (travel distance, specialties, and rural practice), and the selection of a predominant prenatal care provider.
Methods This study utilized South Carolina’s Medicaid claims data from 2014 to 2018, involving live births delivered in hospitals. Samples were limited to pregnant women with continuous Medicaid enrollment throughout their pregnancies. Predominant providers (total = 2,153) were identified for 29,569 pregnancies. Network analyses were conducted on 5,520 providers, including 3,667 prenatal care (PNC) providers and 1,853 non-PNC providers. A Cartesian product (n=45,929,845) was created by combining five annual provider lists with all included pregnancies. Logistic regressions with repeated measure were applied in this retrospective case-control study.
Results: The results demonstrated that providers with a medium or large degree were more likely to be the predominant provider if their community size was medium or large. A predominant prenatal care provider was more likely to be located near, rather than far from, the served woman, and in rural areas rather than urban ones. They were also more likely to be specialists, midwives, and nurse practitioners than primary care physicians.
Conclusions: The results suggest that both individual and network attributes were significantly associated with the selection of a predominant provider. Policies aimed at addressing access issues for prenatal care should consider both the individual and network attributes of providers, as a provider may not be able to alter its individual attributes but can always optimize its social network.
The Co-creation of Strategies and Interventions to Improve Mobile-linked POC Diagnostics User Experience in South Africa: Nominal Group Technique
Authors: Nxele Siphesihle R. , Moetlhoa Boitumelo , Dlungwane Thembelihle , Mathebula Evans M. , Hlongwana Khumbulani W. , Dzobo Matthias , Jaya Ziningi , Duah Evans , Kgatle Mankgopo , Maluleke Kuhlula , Dlangalala Thobeka , Marange Musa , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Thabane Lehana , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani
Published: September 2023

Background
User experiences play a vital role in the development and sustainable implementation of mobile-linked point-of-care diagnostic technologies. The nominal group technique provides a platform for engaging key stakeholders to develop strategies for the successful implementation of m-linked POC diagnostic technologies in community healthcare settings from a user perspective, who then provide insights from a social, economic, technological, and medical perspective for the co-creation of strategies to improve the uptake of such technologies, especially in disease-burdened and resource-limited settings such as South Africa.
Methodology:
The nominal group technique was employed to collaborate with key stakeholders who attended the REASSURED Diagnostics Symposium workshop which was conducted in two consecutive phases: phase one was focused on determining the potential barriers that exist, and phase two was aimed at determining the potential strategies to alleviate the barriers identified in Phase One. Responses were collected using google forms and thematically analyzed. The themes were ranked using a Likert scale from 1–7, with one representing a very low priority and seven representing the highest priority.
Results
Psychological issues, turnaround time, and connectivity issues were prioritized as challenges that may affect user experiences of implemented mobile-linked point-of-care diagnostic technologies. Health education and using technology that could function offline were prioritized potential strategies to overcome these challenges.
Conclusions
The NGT workshop resulted in the co-creation of strategies to overcome challenges that may affect user experiences of m-linked POC diagnostics in South African healthcare settings.
Primary Care Behavioral Health in Sweden – A Cluster Randomized Trial Evaluating Outcomes Related to Implementation, Organization, and Patients (KAIROS) – Study Protocol
Authors: von Cederwald Anneli Farnsworth , Lilja Josefine L. , Isacsson Nils Hentati , Kaldo Viktor
Published: September 2023

Background
Providing comprehensive and continuous care for patients whose conditions have mental or behavioral components is a central challenge in primary care and an important part of improving universal health coverage. There is a great need for high and routine availability of psychological interventions, but traditional methods for delivering psychotherapy often result in low reach and long wait times. Primary Care Behavior Health (PCBH) is a method for organizing primary care in which behavioral health staff provide brief, flexible interventions to a large part of the population in active collaboration with other providers. While PCBH holds promise in addressing important challenges, it has not yet been thoroughly evaluated.
Methods
This cluster randomized trial will assess 17 primary care centers (PCCs) that are starting a PCBH implementation process. The PCCs will be divided into two groups, with one starting immediate implementation and the other acting as a control, implementing six months later. The purpose of the study is to strengthen the evidence base for PCBH regarding implementation-, organization-, and patient-level outcomes, taking into consideration that there is a partially dependent relationship between the three levels. Patient outcomes (such as increased daily functioning and reduction of symptoms) may be dependent on organizational changes (such as availability of treatment, waiting times and interprofessional teamwork), which in turn requires change in implementation outcomes (most notably, model fidelity). In addition to the main analysis, five secondary analyses will compare groups based on different combinations of randomization and time periods, specifically before and after each center achieves sufficient PCBH fidelity.
Discussion
A randomized comparison of PCBH and traditional primary care has, to our knowledge, not been made before. While the naturalistic setting and the intricacies of implementation pose certain challenges, we have designed this study in an effort to evaluate the causal effects of PCBH despite these complex aspects. The results of this project will be helpful in guiding decisions on how to organize the delivery of behavioral interventions and psychological treatment within the context of primary care in Sweden and elsewhere.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05335382. Retrospectively registered on March 13th, 2022.
Risk assessment of agrochemical residues in food: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Berlitz Fernando , Elias Susana de Oliveira , Fraga Guilherme Paim , Bender Renar Joao
Published: September 2023

The worldwide databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for a systematic review for pesticide residues with subsequent meta-analysis using the software Open Meta-Analyst. Of the total of 29 selected papers, five identified active ingredients at concentrations posing a conceivable and unacceptable risk for pesticide residues. The average of active ingredients with an unacceptable risk was of 0.004 and a 95% confidence interval (C.I.) between 0.000–0.007. Papers originated from developed countries presented an average of 0.002 and a 95% C.I. of 0.002 and 0.006. Papers out of developing countries presented an average of 0.009 and a 95% C.I. ranging from 0.002 to 0.016. In papers that reported active ingredients at an unacceptable risk, the average was of 0.110 and a 95% C.I. between 0.050 and 0.171. Even though the averages might be considered as very low it is important to emphasize that only papers dealing with produce were scrutinized and other eatables and exposure routes to potential toxic substances were disregarded. Standardization of risk assessment procedures as well as gathering individual food consumption data inherent to each location are aspects that might allow more appropriate comparisons amongst studies.
The rise of morphological diversity in butterflies and moths
Authors: Shen Sheng-Feng , Mai Jason , Huang Jen-Pan , Rubenstein Dustin , Wen Ya-Han , Lin Jen-Chun , Wu Shipher , Liu Mark
Published: September 2023

As one of the most speciose animals groups1,2, butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are well known for their distinctive and colorful wings3,4. Yet, due to difficulties in quantifying differences in appearance5-7, we have a surprisingly poor understanding of how interspecific differences in wing appearance and function (morphological disparity) evolved within this diverse group. Here, we use generative artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse more than 32,000 images from over 17,000 species in order to quantify wing morphological disparity and evaluate the underlying macroevolutionary processes. We show that only three major morphological groups existed 140 million years ago, but this increased to six groups 110 million years ago, a time when the terrestrial angiosperm revolution provided new ecological opportunities8 but also 30 million years after the explosion of Lepidopteran taxonomic diversity and the first emergence of flowering plants. The evolution of wing shape during this period, transitioning from forms adapted for stable flight to those designed for agile maneuvering, is a product of gradual change governed by morphological functional constraints intrinsic to primitive flyers9. Accelerated evolution of wing shape and color also occurred 66 million years ago, following the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event that further expanded ecological opportunities by amplifying habitat diversity. Thus, Lepidoptera wing morphology is shaped by both gradual evolution and ecological opportunity, resulting in a decoupling of morphological disparity and taxonomic diversity. Ultimately, tools like generative AI will help revolutionize the study of adaptation and the macroevolutionary processes that influence biological diversity10-12
A Descriptive Study on Patient Satisfaction with Waiting Time in Emergency Departments: Insights from Hospitals in the Northern Emirates
Authors: Mosleh Sultan , Hamoud Aisha R , Saeed Aisha A , Alnaqbi Hessa M , Alhouti Rayan S , Alshehhi Shamma S
Published: September 2023

Background: Long waiting times in emergency departments (EDs) are a challenge for healthcare systems, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This can have a negative impact on patient health outcomes.
Aim: This study aimed to identify factors that contribute to low satisfaction levels and long waiting times in EDs.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected using an electronic survey distributed to patients who had visited an ED in the United Arab Emirates within the last four weeks. The survey included questions about patient satisfaction, waiting times, and perceived barriers to care.
Results: A total of 394 patients participated in the study. The overall satisfaction rate was 6.82 (SD±2.62). The highest satisfaction was with medication (78.6%), followed by discharge information (54.8%). The lowest satisfaction was with waiting times (36.7%). Most patients (56.6%) were seen by a nurse within 15 minutes, and 51.5% were seen by a doctor within 30 minutes. There was a negative association between waiting time and patient satisfaction. As the waiting time increased, satisfaction decreased. The four most common barriers to long waiting times were: computer systems (46%), crowded waiting lounges (42.7%), understaffing (38.1%), and inadequate number of examination/consultation rooms (37.3%).
Conclusion: Patient satisfaction is significantly impacted by waiting times in EDs. In order to improve patient satisfaction, hospital management should address the barriers to long waiting times that were identified in this study. Additionally, a large-scale study is needed to assess patient satisfaction and waiting times in UAE hospitals
Prevention and Control Technology of Optical Transmission Network Management being Illegally Taken over with Wireless Sensor Technology
Authors: Lin Mi , Zhang Huanyu , Liu Xiaomin , Zhang yu , Hong jie , Jiangyu Yan
Published: September 2023

The transmission network represented by optical fiber communication constitutes the most important basic network of modern communication. It provides transmission channels for various telecommunication service networks, dispatches and protects the transmission channels, manages the transmission network, and is an important part of the entire network management system. The efficient and centralized management of the resource objects in the network management is the basis for realizing the optical transmission integrated network management system, and it is also an important component of the entire integrated network management system. In this context, this paper studies the prevention and control technology of optical transmission network management being illegally taken over, based on wireless sensing technology. We use deep learning to monitor traffic anomalies that may occur when the network management is illegally taken over and then feed the data back to the security maintenance system to clear the anomalies. We introduce the development status of wireless sensor technology and optical transmission network management technology, which provided a theoretical basis for building network models. The related technologies and principles of DNNs are introduced, the traffic model and anomaly detection are studied, and a self-encoding and decoding anomaly detection model based on an attention mechanism is proposed. An anomaly scoring mechanism is designed on the basis of the traffic model, and an attention-based anomaly detection model is proposed. Experimental results show that the accuracy of our model reaches 95% while the recall is more than 96%, outperforming many of the existing models. The training efficacy of the model is significantly improved.
Safety Evaluation of PEGylated MNPs and p-PEGylated MNPs in SD Rats
Authors: Wen Hairuo , Huo Guitao , Qin Chao , Wu Hui , Wang Dan , Dan Mo , Geng Xingchao , Liu Shujie
Published: September 2023

Polyethylene glycol-coated magnetic nanoparticles (PEGylated MNPs) have demonstratedprominent advantages in cancer diagnosis and hyperthermia therapy. However, there is currently lack of standard mode and sufficient toxicity data for determining the delayed risk of PEGylated MNPs. Nevertheless, the toxicity potentials, especially those associated with the oxidative stress, were ubiquitously reported.In this study, PEGylated MNPs and p-PEGylated MNPs were administrated to SD(Sprague Dawley) rats by single intravenously injection, and various toxicity indicators were monitored till 56 days post-administration for a comprehensive toxicity evaluation.Werevealed that both nanoparticles could be rapidly cleared from plasma and enter tissues, such as, liver, kidneys and spleen, and p-PEGylatedMNP is less prone to be accumulated in the tissues, indicating a lower toxicity risk. PEGylated MNPs were more likely to up-regulate the expression levels of Th2 type cytokines and trigger inflammatory pathways, butno related pathological change was found. Both MNPs are not mutagenic, while recoverablemild DNA damage associated with the presence of nanoparticles might also be observed. This study demonstrateda research approach for the non-clinical safety evaluation of nanoparticles. It also providedcomprehensive valuable safety data for PEGylated and p-PEGylatedMNPs, for promoting the clinical application and bio-medical translation of such MNPs with PEG modifications inthe cancer diagnosis and therapy.
A clustering algorithm for UV-cooperative UAV network in dynamic scenarios
Authors: Zhao Taifei , 刘 阳 , Zhang Jianwei , Guo Jiahao
Published: September 2023

To address the electromagnetic interference problems faced by swarm UAVs in complex environments and the clustering needs of swarm UAV networks in dynamic scenarios, this paper proposes a weighted clustering algorithm for wireless UV cooperative swarm UAVs, which combines the advantages of UV anti-interference and high secrecy to provide a reliable communication method for swarm UAVs. By introducing adaptive node degree, UAV energy efficiency, and distance stability parameters to improve the cluster head election formula, the algorithm is made more applicable to dynamic scenarios. Simulation results show that this algorithm can improve the network survival period by 16%, while reducing the average number of cluster heads by 37% and nearly doubling the data transmission volume.
A Low Power Hybrid DCO using Three transistor (3-T) XNOR gate, CMOS and Pseudo-NMOS inverter
Authors: bagri MANJU , kumar Manoj , kumar Ramnish
Published: September 2023

This research article presents a comprehensive investigation of three-bit hybrid-digitally controlled ring oscillator (HDCRO) implemented with TMSC 90nm CMOS technology.The hybrid circuit HDCRO comprises of three distinct delay stages, namely XNOR-based inverter, a CMOS inverter, and a Pseudo-NMOS inverter, all of which have been designed utilizing an inversion MOS varactor (IMOS). Furthermore, the investigation explores the output frequency variation in the load element of the HDCRO by adjusting the capacitance of the digitally controlled MOS varactors. This frequency variation occurs as a result of changing the digital control bits of the MOS varactors at a supply voltage of 0.7 V. The proposed HDCRO demonstrates an oscillation frequency range of 2.558 GHz to 2.649 GHz, with power consumption varying from 3.638 mW to 1.046 mW, and phase noise from -68.070 dB@1 MHz to -67.654 dB@1 MHz relative to the central oscillation frequency. Moreover, by applying a supply voltage variation between 0.5 V and 1 V, a wider frequency tuning range of 1.238 GHz to 4.438 GHz is achieved. This extended tuning range exhibits power consumption variation from 2.785 µW to 54.66 mW, and phase noise from -68.812 dB@1 MHz to -65.445 dB@1 MHz relative to the central oscillation frequency. In summary, this study presents a novel HDCRO architecture that demonstrates excellent performance in terms of frequency range, power consumption and phase noise. The proposed design offers advantages of high speed, low-power and good frequency range; thus has a promising prospect of application in high-performance integrated circuits.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/autism spectrum disorder risk: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: LI ZHIRUI , ZHANG QIAN , FAN ZIXUAN
Published: September 2023

Purpose Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders caused by genetic and environmental factors. The basic brain processes or biomarkers of novel ADHD/ASD medication targets are yet unknown. Observational studies have linked polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to ADHD/ASD, but the causative linkages are unknown.
Methods A large genome-wide association study (GWAS) was pooled to give summary statistics on unsaturated fatty acids and ADHD/ASD utilizing a multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) research design. DHA, LA, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids were examined in ADHD/ASD GWAS data. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) and MR-Egger and outlier point tests (MR-PRESSO) were used to evaluate data from univariate Mendelian randomization analysis of significant genetic connections with PUFA levels (P < 5 × 10-8). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for MVMR analysis utilizing IVW were calculated using combinations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a composite proxy for fatty acids.
Results There was some degree of causality between genetically predicted LA and both susceptibilities (ADHD, OR = 0.898, 95% CI = 0.806–0.999, P = 0.049; ASD: OR = 2.399, 95% CI = 1.228–4.688, P = 0.010). However, other PUFAs were not associated with ADHD/ASD.
Conclusion LA appears to be a substantial, independent cause of ADHD and ASD. LA may treat ADHD but worsen ASD. LA's function in ADHD and ASD needs additional longitudinal cohorts or randomized controlled studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on cognitive impairment and neuroprotective mechanisms in diabetes mellitus animal models
Authors: Liu Zhiyao , Huang Hailiang , Zhao Liuyang
Published: September 2023

This study aims to assess the effects of exercise on cognitive impairment behavioral performance and neuroprotective mechanisms in diabetes mellitus (DM) animal models. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database (VIP), and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were systematically searched for studies investigating the impact of exercise on cognitive impairment in animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM) from the inception of these databases through July 2023. Rigorous quality assessments were conducted on the included literature. Primary outcome measures comprised fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and performance in the Morris water maze test, while secondary outcomes focused on mechanisms related to neuroprotection. Statistical analysis of outcome data was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and R software. A total of 17 studies were included, encompassing 399 animals. The results of the meta-analysis of primary outcome measures revealed that, compared to the control group, exercise effectively reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in diabetic animal models. In the Morris water maze experiment, exercise also significantly decreased the escape latency of diabetic animal models, increased the number of platform crossings, improved the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant, extended the time spent in the target quadrant, and enhanced swimming speed. Meta-analysis of secondary outcome measures indicated that exercise effectively reduced Aβ deposition, attenuated oxidative stress, enhanced synaptic function, suppressed cellular apoptosis and neuroinflammation, and promoted neurogenesis. Exercise represents a promising non-pharmacological therapy with a positive impact on diabetes-related cognitive function and neuroprotection. Moreover, this study provides a theoretical foundation for further preclinical and clinical trials.
Association between Capillaria hepatica infection-induced alterations in gut microbiota and estrogen expression in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
Authors: Hu Bin , Yue Kening , Feng Shengyong , Zhao Ning , Li Gaojian , Gao Sichao , Xing Yanan , Han Shuyi , He Hongxuan
Published: September 2023

Background
Capillaria hepatica, a zoonotic parasite, is present in the population of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and has been a central issue in ecological studies regarding its impact on host populations. Brandt's voles are known for their extremely high reproductive capacity, and outbreaks of Brandt's voles have occurred multiple times in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia over the past few decades. However, the mechanisms underlying the population dynamics of Brandt's voles, particularly in response to C. hepatica infection, remain poorly understood. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating hormones in the reproductive endocrine system. In this study, we investigate the role of gut microbiota in the regulation of host population dynamics in response to C. hepatica infection.
Methods
Female Brandt's voles were inoculated with eggs of infected C. hepatica, and BALB/C mice were used as a control. At the end of the experimental period, cecal contents were collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and the expression levels of reproductive-related hormones were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results
C. hepatica infection leads to an increased diversity of gut microbiota in Brandt's voles, with significant changes in microbial composition. The relative abundance of Muribaculaceae and Eubacteriaceae increased significantly, while that of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae decreased significantly. The expression level of estradiol in the serum of infected Brandt's voles shows a slight decrease without statistical significance. However, the expression of equol is significantly higher in the infected group compared to the uninfected group, and the expression of enterolactone is significantly lower in the infected group than in the uninfected group.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that infection with C. hepatica indirectly affect the abundance of gut microbiota in Brandt's voles, which are associated with reproductive hormones. This indirect effect on hormone expression can subsequently impact the reproductive function of the host. By investigating the changes in gut microbiota, this study sheds light on the mechanisms through which parasites regulate population fluctuations in Brandt's voles.
In Peroxide We Trust: A Cost-Effective Approach to Soil Microplastic Extraction
Authors: Susarla Bharath Ram
Published: September 2023

Soil is and always has been a defining aspect of human society and a key provider of insight into the nutrition and health of Homo sapiens. Soil Fertility is the ability of soil to facilitate plant growth by providing favorable physical, chemical, and biological nutrients & minerals (CHNOPS). Microplastics are toxic materials, less than or equal to 5 mm in length, which invade the world’s soils through urban sewage, amalgamating themselves with the SOM, thus threatening all biodiversity on Earth. Soil Sample Coordinates within 4-inch precision: 34°04'36.4"N 84°18'01.9"W. The Hydrogen Peroxide experimental group had a mean pH value of 6.09 for the entirety of the 40 days, which was significantly different than the pH of Birch seeds (6.44) and Control (6.51) groups. Future research can use NPK concentrations of a soil sample for testing soil fertility in addition to pH alone. Researchers in upcoming studies could also experimentally determine the efficiency of Hydrogen Peroxide as a density separation method for soil
microplastics at different experimental variables, such as soil type, microplastic type, and temperature ranges, which could yield completely different results.
Time-course change in the retinal artery angle after vitrectomy surgery in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: Nakamura Kentaro , Hirono Kazushi , Iwashita Yume , Nagura Koichi , Okawa Kazuyoshi , Inoue Tatsuya , Asaoka Ryo , Maruyama-Inoue Maiko , Yanagi Yasuo , Kadonosono Kazuaki
Published: September 2023

We investigated the relationship between time-course changes in the retinal artery angle and metamorphopsia in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). Over all, Thirty-seven patients who underwent vitrectomy surgery for ERM were enrolled. In addition to visual acuity (VA), the metamorphopsia score was measured for each eye using M-CHARTS. Moreover, pre- and postoperative retinal artery angle (YCA) was measured using ImageJ software. The difference between pre- and postoperative metamorphopsia score (Mdif), the difference between pre- and postoperative CRT (CRTdif) and the ratio of postoperative YCA to preoperative YCA (pYCA) were calculated and used for the statistical analysis. We investigated the relationship between Mdif and each of age, axial length (AL), pYCA, CRTdif and the follow-up duration. The association of pYCA with Mdif was also investigated in improved VA group (gained at least 0.2 logMAR) and unimproved VA group (gained less than 0.2 logMAR). The logMAR VA and metamorphopsia score significantly improved after vitrectomy surgery (both p < .001). The postoperative YCA was significantly larger than the preoperative YCA (p < 0.0001). Among age, AL, pYCA, CRTdif and the follow-up duration, pYCA and the follow-up duration were significantly associated with Mdif. Subgroup analysis indicated pYCA was significantly related to Mdif in unimproved VA group, but not in improved VA group. Monitoring the time-course change in the retinal artery angle might be useful for predicting the improvement in metamorphopsia after vitrectomy surgery in ERM eyes.
Unilateral retinal vein occlusion in a seven-year-old boy with a high level of lipoproteins (a)
Authors: Zhen Fang , Zhou Yongwei , Yuan Yueyue , Li Ting , Dong Shuqian
Published: September 2023

Purpose: To report a case of unilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in a young patient with a high level of lipoprotein(a) (LP(a)).
Case presentation: A 7-year-old boy reported two days of vision loss in his left eye. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 40 cm in front of his left eye. A complete fundus evaluation including fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA)showed CRVO in his left eye. Clinical laboratory tests showed a high level of Lp(a) in the patient, but his family had no known history of genetic and embolic disorders. Then, the patient’s left eye received anti-inflammatory andanti-infection treatments as well as an intravitreal dexamethasone (IVD) implant (Ozurdex®). The last follow-up examination showed that the BCVA of the left eye was improved to 0.4.
Conclusion: We describe a young patient diagnosed with CRVO with a high level of Lp(a). Young patients should be thoroughly evaluated to diagnose and initiate appropriate management at the earliest.
Lack of telomerase rescues cancer and shorter lifespan of zebrafish tp53 mutants
Authors: Naz Serifoglu , Ferreira Miguel Godinho
Published: September 2023

Telomerase activity is restricted in humans and telomere attrition occurs in several tissues accompanying natural aging. Critically short telomeres trigger DNA damage responses and activate p53 that result in apoptosis or replicative senescence. These processes reduce cell proliferation and disrupt tissue homeostasis, thus contributing to systemic aging. Zebrafish have restricted telomerase expression and telomeres shorten to critical length during their lifespan. Telomerase deficient zebrafish (tert-/-) is a premature model of aging, that anticipates both short telomeres and aging phenotypes. tert-/- zebrafish have impaired cell proliferation, accumulation of DNA damage markers and p53 response. These cellular defects lead to impaired tissue homeostasis, resulting in premature infertility, gastrointestinal atrophy, sarcopenia and kyphosis. These cellular defects, tissue impairments and degenerative phenotypes contribute to premature death of tert-/-zebrafish.
Mutation in tp53rescues accelerated aging of tert-/-zebrafish by enhancing proliferative capacity and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, the consequences of tp53 mutation at the organism level of tert-/-zebrafish were still undetermined. We show that tp53 mutation extends fertility, reduces aging phenotypes and prolongs life span. However, tp53 mutation does not rescue healthspan of tert-/- zebrafish, as it leads to increased inflammation and higher incidence of spontaneous tumors.
Measuring treatment burden in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Mixed-methods Systematic Review
Authors: Lin Kai , YAO Mi , Ji Xinxin , LI Rouyan , ANDREW Lesley , OOSTHUIZEN Jacques , SIM Moira , CHEN Yongsong
Published: September 2023

Background: Workload related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) treatment imposes a substantial yet overlooked burden on patients, highlighting the need to identify optimal patient-reported outcome measures capable of capturing the unique treatment burdens faced by this population. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the most robust approach for measuring treatment burden in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) based on existing evidence.
Methods: The review included quantitative, mixed methods and qualitative studies measuring treatment burden in adults with T2DM and/or reporting patient treatment experiences. Articles from seven databases(Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang and CBMWeb) were retrieved. Quality of included studies were assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool. The measurement properties of instrument were assessed using the COSMIN checklist. A mixed-methods design of systematic review was applied, synthesizing findings through a convergent segregated approach.
Results: 21,584 records were searched, and 26 articles were included for analysis, comprising 11 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 4 mixed-methods studies. A thematic analysis of qualitative data engendered a conceptual framework that includes seven core measurements relevant to the treatment burden in T2DM. Themes less supported by current evidence were categorized as associated measurements. This conceptual framework directly guided the subsequent evaluation with COSMIN checklist. PETS, TBQ, and MTBQ achieved multiple positive ratings (between 6 and 8) on the COSMIN checklist, indicating strong Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) development process and ranking in the upper tertile among all evaluated instruments. PETS was identified as the top-performing instrument because it assessed most of the core measurements delineated in the conceptual framework and enabled separately calculated score for each component. Furthermore, the review found that the majority of existing research on the treatment burden of T2DM originates from developed countries, thereby potentially neglecting the variability present in developing or under-resourced settings.
Conclusions: This systematic review provides evidence for currently superior option of measuring treatment burden in people with T2DM. It also advocates for further research in under-resourced settings.
Protocal registration: A protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022244190).
From Eligibility to Diagnosis: Candidacy and the Complex Journey of Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis Within Primary Care.
Authors: Baggaley Jessica Jeanette Evelyn , Seiboth Charlotte , Rapley Tim , Basu Anna
Published: September 2023

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is an umbrella term for a group of permanent postural and movement conditions caused by non-progressive damage to the developing brain. Infants not identified with risk factors for CP at around the time of birth on average receive referral from primary care after the two years of age limit for early therapy. Candidacy, a seven-step dynamic theory, describes how individuals negotiate their eligibility for medical attention with themselves, others, and health services. This study aims to explore the CP diagnostic journey for community identified infants using the concept of candidacy.
Methods: Data was combined from two studies: an online survey of caregivers of children with CP about their earliest concerns and diagnosis journeys (n=255), and a series of interviews to support the development of a new tool to facilitate earlier identification of infants with emerging motor difficulties (11 parents, 11 health care professionals [HCPs]). A framework thematic analysis was used with a semantic, critical realist approach. An initial analysis was framed by the Andersen Model of Total Patient delay, and then conceptualised using Candidacy.
Results: Participants had difficulties identifying whether their child needed medical attention, prompting online searches, and seeking advice from family and friends. HCP adjudications led to immediate or delayed referral, in which families continued their searches and reappearing at services until a referral was made. Once referred, families faced poor operating conditions, such as long waiting times. After learning the diagnosis criteria, participants began making requests and navigated to private services when denied. Participants felt that more information on infant development from a reliable source is needed to support new parents in raising their concerns to aid earlier identification.
Conclusion: Participants identified personal lack of infant development knowledge as being the limiting factor to earlier referral. Further research is needed to develop materials relevant for the UK and to understand GP perspectives regarding provision of such materials.
Numerical and experimental investigations of flow separation control through a linear compressor cascade
Authors: EL-Sheikh Mohamed , Elbatsh Hesham , Zanoun Elsayed , Attia Ali
Published: September 2023

Modern large-scale gas turbines are equipped with high-pressure ratio compressors to increase engine work and its overall efficiency. Flow separation and energy losses are also two interrelated phenomenon associated with changes in compressor loading level and performance. This paper examines therefore the control of flow separation using a passive-control technique. An arced divergent-convergent slot grooved from the blade pressure side to its suction side was adopted to control flow separation, reducing the losses through a linear compressor cascade. The spanwise location of the slot was selected based on CFD simulations where the corner separation was predicted. The slot height in the spanwise direction was selected to be 8% of the blade height at the end-wall side. The present work was performed experimentally and numerically at an inlet Reynolds number, \({R}_{ec}=\rho {V}_{\infty }C/\mu =2.98\times {10}^{5}\), covering a wide range of incidence angles from \(+{6}^{^\circ } \text{t}\text{o}-{6}^{^\circ }\). The experimental work was carried out using a linear cascade test section consisting of six NACA 65 − 009 blade profiles integrated into a low-speed wind tunnel. A five-hole pressure probe system was used to obtain main flow parameters. Numerically, four turbulence models, including Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) model, Realizable (R k-ε) model, Shear-Stress Transport (SST k-ω) model, and Reynolds Stress model (RSM) were tested to predict the velocity and pressure fields. Good agreement between the experimental measurements and the numerical results, which were obtained using the RSM turbulence model in terms of velocity profiles and total pressure downstream of blades. It was observed also that the use of the arced-slotted blades for positive incident angles was more effective in reducing the separation than the negative and zero incident angles, approaching a maximum value of 33% for \({6}^{^\circ }\) with enhanced blade loading reaching 17.6%. It is to be concluded that, the use of arced slotted blade improves the compressor performance specially for positive incident angles.
RETRACTED: Safety and tolerability of STP1 (PDE 3,4 inhibitor and NKCC1 inhibitor), in a subgroup of ASD patients (ASD-Phen1)
Authors: Gomez-mancilla Baltazar , Erickson Craig A , Pedapati Ernest , Painbeni Eric , Bonfils Gregory , Schmitt Lauren M. , Sachs Hannah , Will Meredith , DeStafano Lisa , Westerkamp Grace , De Souza Adriano , Pohl Oliver , Laufer Offir , Issachar Gil , Hyvelin Jean-Marc , Durham Lynn A.
Published: September 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The Implementation of Sustainable Practices in achieving sustainability Goals in Middle Eastern Universities
Authors: Ugbaja Solomon Chukwuemeka
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to assess the implementation of sustainability practices in Middle Eastern universities. The primary research question focuses on how universities are integrating sustainability practices, particularly in relation to the CORE system, which includes Curriculum, Operations, Research, and Engagement. The research methodology primarily involves content analysis of the UI GreenMetric ranking and universities' websites of selected universities in the Middle East, based on the UI GreenMetric Sustainable University assessment and ranking index, to observe their sustainability practices. The UI GreenMetric ranking is chosen because it takes into account the Operations, Curriculum, Research, and Engagements of universities, encompassing indicators such as Setting and Infrastructure, Energy and Climate Change, Waste, Water, Transportation, and Education. This comprehensive approach covers all three dimensions of sustainability (Environment, Economy, and Society), whereas other indexeslike GASU, AASHE: STAR, ESM and others, often focus mainly on operational Eco-efficiency. The sample for the study is selected from the top 224 sustainable universities ranked by the UI GreenMetric. The total population observed and evaluated consists of the top 29 Sustainability-focused Universities in the Middle East for the years 2021 and 2022, according to the UI GreenMetric sustainable ranking. Observations from the study indicate that the universities under review prioritize sustainability as part of their objectives and have developed plans, policies, and strategies to implement some of their sustainability goals, particularly concerning their management practices. However, the findings suggest that the universities should enhance their efforts in the Operational Eco-efficiency aspect of the CORE system, including areas like setting and infrastructure, energy and climate change, waste reduction/recycling, water conservation, and transportation. Additionally, the Education aspect, which covers Curriculum, Research, and Engagement, shows that all the studied universities perform above average, but they should invest further effort in this area, given its crucial role in educating students and society about sustainability.
Radical nephrectomy for a giant chromophobe renal cell carcinoma diagnosed > 17 years previously: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lan Jianhua , Lan Dong , Yuan Wenqiang , Ying Qiao , He Jiahong , Gu Yonglin
Published: September 2023

Early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma relies on imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Since surgery is associated with a favorable prognosis, the standard treatment for clinically limited renal cell carcinoma remains surgical resection. Among asymptomatic patients with localized renal cell carcinoma, a small number refuse surgical treatment and survive. We report a case involving a 59-year-old female who underwent difficult radical nephrectomy 17 years after being diagnosed with malignant tumors due to primary renal cell carcinoma.