bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Playing an Instrument Affect Cortical Excitability? A Study in Healthy Musicians
Authors: Alaydin Halil Can , Kilinc Hasan , Boran Hurrem Evren , Tankisi Hatice , Topa Elif , Cengiz Bulent
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Musicians are an excellent example of people executing the perfect intended movements. Timing, sequencing, and precision are essential for purposeful actions. While playing an instrument, musicians must make motor adjustments to perform flawless music. These motor adjustments are made through auditory, tactile, and proprioceptive feedback. This study sought to investigate the cortical excitability and sensory-motor interaction in healthy professional musicians utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Subjects and Methods:

Fifteen healthy professional musicians and equal number of age and sex-matched control volunteers participated in this study. Motor thresholds (at both 200 μV and 1 mV), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) (within interstimulus intervals of 1–7 ms), and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) (within interstimulus intervals of 16–24 ms) were recorded in the dominant and nondominant flexor carpi ulnaris muscles.

Results:

Analysis revealed no significant differences in RMT, SICI, or SAI between healthy musicians and controls across both dominant and nondominant sides.

Conclusion:

Motor cortex excitability and sensorimotor integration were comparable between healthy musicians and nonmusicians. TMS offers insights into motor system function, yet voluntary movement and TMS-induced motor responses engage different neurobiological pathways. Structural and functional alterations in the sensorimotor integration of healthy musicians may not be detectable through the SAI paradigm. Thus, TMS might not effectively detect alterations in cortical excitability or sensorimotor integration resulting from long-term instrument playing.
Sensory Nerve Conduction in Brachial Plexopathy: Contribution in Lesion Localization
Authors: Alaydin Halil Can , Fidanci Halit
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study aims to investigate the contribution of bilateral comparative sensory nerve conduction studies (sNCS) in localizing brachial plexopathy (BP) at the trunk level.

Subjects and Methods:

In this retrospective study, we evaluated 79 adult patients with BP, 40 adult controls, and 36 pediatric patients with BP. Bilateral antidromic sNCS of the median (M1, M2), ulnar (U5), radial superficial (RS), medial antebrachial cutaneous (MABC), and lateral antebrachial cutaneous (LABC) nerves were conducted. Abnormalities were identified by decreased or absent sensory nerve action potentials or significant bilateral amplitude differences (>50%).

Results:

In adult patients with BP, bilateral comparative studies significantly enhanced the detection of abnormalities in M1 (46.7% vs. 100%, P < 0.001), M2 (42.7% vs. 86.7%, P < 0.001), RS (44.9% vs. 77.6%, P < 0.001), and U5 (59% vs. 87.2%, P = 0.001). In upper + middle trunk involvement, M1, M2, and LABC showed the highest abnormality rates, and U5 and MABC were predominant in lower trunk involvement. The findings of pediatric patients with BP mirrored those of adults, with M1 showing the highest abnormality rate (97.2%) in upper + middle trunk involvement, and bilateral studies significantly increased abnormality detection in M2 (33.3% vs. 88.9%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Bilateral comparative sNCS significantly improved the detection of nerve abnormalities in BP, particularly in the M1, M2, U5, and RS nerves. The results confirm the utility of sensory conduction studies in localizing BP lesions at the trunk level in both adult and pediatric patients. These findings emphasize the importance of bilateral comparative sNCS in accurately diagnosing BP.
Morphophysiology of yellow passion-fruit seedlings cultivated with macrophyte (Eichhornia Crassipes) under salt stress
Authors: Santos Moisés Wilkson Nunes dos , Sousa Geocleber Gomes de , Pedrosa Mirele Germano , Souza Maria Vanessa Pires de , Sousa Henderson Castelo , Freire Marcio Henrique da Costa , Schneider Fernanda , Ferreira Matias Neto Alves
Published: January 2025

The use of aquatic macrophyte biomass could be a viable alternative for producing substrates. The objective was to evaluate the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings in different macrophyte-based substrates under salinity stress. The experiment was carried out at the Seedling Production Unit in Redenção, Ceará state. A completely randomized design was used, in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, with respect to two electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.8 and 2.5 dS m-1) and five substrates (S1 = 54% soil + 29. 5% sand + 16% macrophyte; S2 = 34% soil + 33% sand + 33% macrophyte; S3 = 24% soil + 26.5% sand + 49.5% macrophyte; S4 = 20% soil + 14% sand + 66% macrophyte; and S5 = 10% soil + 7.5% sand + 85.5% macrophyte), with 10 replications. Salt stress negatively affected photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration of yellow passion-fruit seedlings. The use of S1 (54% soil + 29.5% sand + 16.5% macrophyte) was more efficient for plant height, leaf area, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, and total dry mass, while S5 (10% soil + 7.5% sand + 82.5% macrophyte) provided higher photosynthesis in yellow passion fruit seedlings. Substrate 1 (54% soil + 29.5% sand + 16.5% macrophyte) and S3 (24% soil + 26.5% sand + 49.5% macrophyte) alleviated salinity stress on Dickson quality index and stem diameter. The use of macrophytes has been shown to be beneficial in the production of passion fruit seedlings, with positive effects on development and gas exchange, and alleviation of salt stress.
Keywords: aquatic plant, Passiflora edulis, salinity, substrate.
Biochar from orange waste as a filter medium for domestic effluent treatment aimed at agricultural reuse
Authors: Cabrini Mariana Paola , Bastos Reinaldo Gaspar , Faez Roselena , Souza Claudinei Fonseca
Published: January 2025

Brazil is the world's leading orange grower, and this agro-industrial sector produces a sizable amount of by-products. Because biochar has the potential to be used as a filtering medium in wastewater treatment systems, it can be advantageous to produce biochar from orange trash as an efficient way to use these resources. The purpose of this study was to assess how temperature affects the synthesis of biochar and to describe the adsorptive qualities of the material for use in filtration systems for agricultural reuse. The produced material was examined for its chemical composition, crystalline structure, morphological changes brought about by the conversion of biomass into biochar, surface area, and average pore size. The pyrolysis temperatures used to produce biochar ranged from 350 to 650°C for 60 minutes. Based on the advantageous physicochemical characteristics for usage as an adsorbent, 550°C was determined to be the ideal temperature. The orange biochar system outperformed the gravel system in terms of macronutrient removal, according to the filtration results using septic tank effluent. The elimination of magnesium (62.09%) and total phosphorus (31.58%) was noteworthy. These findings indicate a promising and long-term wastewater treatment option by indicating that the treated effluent may be suitable for use in some crops.
Keywords: biochar, horizontal flow, sewage treatment, wastewater.
On
$\Sigma _1$
-definable closed unbounded sets
Authors: Ben-Neria Omer , Lücke Philipp
Published: January 2025

Definable stationary sets, and specifically, ordinal definable ones, play a significant role in the study of canonical inner models of set theory and the class HOD of hereditarily ordinal definable sets. Fixing a certain notion of definability and an uncountable cardinal, one can consider the associated family of definable closed unbounded sets. In this paper, we study the extent to which such families can approximate the full closed unbounded filter and their dependence on the defining complexity. Focusing on closed unbounded subsets of a cardinal

$\kappa $

which are

$\Sigma _1$

-definable in parameters from H

${}_\kappa $

and ordinal parameters, we show that the ability of such closed unbounded sets to well approximate the closed unbounded filter on

$\kappa $

can highly vary and strongly depends on key properties of the underlying universe of set theory.
Irreducible representations of the crystallization of the quantized function algebras $C(\operatorname{SU}_{q}(n+1))$
Authors: Giri Manabendra , Pal Arup Kumar
Published: January 2025

The crystallization of the

C^{*}

-algebras

C(\operatorname{SU}_{q}(n+1))

was introduced by Giri and Pal in [Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Math. Sci. 134 (2024), article no. 30] as a

C^{*}

-algebra

C(\operatorname{SU}_{0}(n+1))

given by a finite set of generators and relations. Here we study the representations of the

C^{*}

-algebra

C(\operatorname{SU}_{0}(n+1))

and prove a factorization theorem for its irreducible representations. This leads to a complete classification of all irreducible representations of this

C^{*}

-algebra. As an important consequence, we prove that all the irreducible representations of

C(\operatorname{SU}_{0}(n+1))

arise exactly as

q\to 0+

limits of the irreducible representations of

C(\operatorname{SU}_{q}(n+1))

. We also present a few other important corollaries of the classification theorem.
La IA como contenido informativo en las cadenas de televisión españolas. Análisis de su presencia e impacto en La 1, Antena 3 y Tele 5
Authors: Díaz Monsalvo Miguel Ángel , López Vidales Nereida
Published: January 2025

Introducción: La investigación estudia las noticias sobre Inteligencia Artificial emitidas entre 2023 y 2024 en los informativos de las cadenas de televisión españolas con más audiencia, La 1, Antena 3 y Telecinco, y sus portales web, con el fin de explorar temáticas, encuadres, fuentes y usos de IA para generar contenido. Metodología: Se realiza un análisis de contenido estructural, formal y narrativo con base en siete categorías comunes y seis específicas para los entornos audiovisual y digital. Resultados: La muestra alcanza las 798 piezas construidas con 1.542 fuentes. Un tercio presenta un encuadre positivo y el 25% negativo. El 10% del minutado se ejecuta con técnicas artificiales y uno de cada cinco planos es digital. Las televisiones analizadas han divergido en sus estrategias de inserción web para favorecer la migración. Discusión: Existe una tendencia al alza del uso de fuentes anónimas, pero también expertas, que buscan profundizar en las consecuencias del hecho informativo. Los profesionales han empleado algoritmos de generación de audio e imagen como parte de sus noticias y como herramienta de concienciación ciudadana para desmontar fake news o deepfakes. Conclusiones: Hay un interés creciente del sector audiovisual informativo por este asunto desde el otoño de 2023. El enfoque mediático es equidistante y crítico, aunque se correlaciona el uso de imágenes digitales y los encuadres positivos o negativos, creando un nexo simbólico entre significado textual y visual. El empleo de algoritmos como base de contenido o como elemento verificador explicita el cambio de paradigma en las rutinas profesionales.
Движение жидких частиц в поле поверхностной обобщенной уединенной волны в жидкости под ледяным покровом
Authors: Il'ichev Andrej Teimurazovich , Savin Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: January 2025

Рассматривается слой жидкости конечной глубины, описываемый уравнениями Эйлера. Ледяной покров моделируется геометрически нелинейной упругой пластиной Кирхгофа-Лява. Траектории частиц жидкости под ледяным покровом находятся в поле нелинейных поверхностных бегущих волн типа обобощенной уединенной волны малой, но конечной амплитуды. Решение, описывающее такие поверхностные волны, допускается уравнениями модели. Обобщенные уединенные волны вплоть до экспоненциально малой величины по амплитуде являются уединенными волнами, поэтому, для приближений алгебраического порядка по амплитуде, траектории частиц определяются поверхностной уединенной волной. В анализе используются явные асимптотические выражения для решений, описывающих волновые структуры на границе раздела вода-лед, такие как обобщенная уединенная волна, а также асимптотические решения для поля скоростей в толще жидкости, генерируемого этими волнами.
Объем, заключенный внутри поверхности потока
Authors: MacKay Robert Sinclair
Published: January 2025

В статье описываются способы, с помощью которых вычисление объема, ограниченного поверхностью потока (инвариантным тором) для магнитного поля, может быть из подсчета трехмерного интеграла сведено к подсчету двумерного интеграла.
Бифуркации в интегрируемых системах с тремя степенями свободы - I
Authors: Kudryavtseva Elena Alexandrovna , Lerman Lev Mikhailovich
Published: January 2025

Изучается локальная структура вещественно-аналитической интегрируемой гамильтоновой системы с тремя степенями свободы в окрестностях компактных особых орбит. В таких системах одномерные компактные орбиты соответствующего гамильтонова действия встречаются обычно однопараметрическими семействами, а двумерные орбиты - двупараметрическими семействами. Поэтому вдоль семейств возможны изменения локальной структуры разбиения на орбиты действия. В работе изучаются окрестности компактных одномерных орбит (т.е. полулокальных особенностей ранга 1 и коранга 2 отображения энергии-момента). С помощью результатов Н. Т. Зунга и Е. А. Кудрявцевой о существовании локального гамильтонова действия двумерного тора исследуются бифуркации полулокальной структуры орбит около вырожденных орбит, соответствующих резонансам различного типа. Показывается, что эти бифуркации структурно-устойчивы относительно аналитических интегрируемых возмущений системы. Во всех случаях строятся стандартные полиномиальные гамильтонианы, которые вместе с квадратичными и линейными первыми интегралами дают $C^\infty$-лево-правую классификацию отображений энергии-момента в окрестностях вырожденных компактных орбит. Приводятся фазовые портреты и бифуркационные диаграммы некоторых редуцированных систем при соответствующих бифуркациях.
Влияние эффектов переноса на ячеистую детонацию водородно-воздушной смеси
Authors: Kuzovlev Dmitriy Igorevich , Markov Vladimir Vasil'evich
Published: January 2025

Численно в двумерном приближении исследуется влияние эффектов переноса на процесс формирования и распространения ячеистой детонации стехиометрической водородно-воздушной смеси в каналах различной постоянной ширины. Представлены результаты трех серий расчетов, в которых для описания течения использовались: в первой серии - уравнения Эйлера, во второй - уравнения Навье-Стокса с граничным условием непротекания на стенках канала и в третьей - уравнения Навье-Стокса с граничным условием прилипания. Для описания химических реакций использовалась известная одностадийная кинетика. Для расчетов применялся кастомный солвер rhoReactingCentralFoam на базе библиотек opensource программного обеспечения openfoam.org, который представляет собой объединение решателя процесса горения методом RKF45 и решателя течения газа по схеме второго порядка Курганова-Тадмора. С использованием численных следовых отпечатков, являющихся аналогами следов траекторий тройных точек на закопченных стенках канала в реальном эксперименте, получены данные о влиянии вязкости на размер ячеек в зависимости от ширины канала и проведена классификация волн ячеистой детонации.
Revisiting the Relationship between Weather and Interannual Variation in Human Plague Cases in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Holcomb Karen M. , Biggerstaff Brad J. , Johansson Michael A. , Mead Paul S. , Kugeler Kiersten J. , Eisen Rebecca J.
Published: January 2025

Plague is a rare, potentially fatal flea-borne zoonosis endemic in the western United States. A previous model described interannual variation in human cases based on temperature and lagged precipitation. We recreated this model in northeastern Arizona (1960–1997) to evaluate its capacity to predict recent cases (1998–2022). In recreating the original model, we found that future instead of concurrent temperature had inadvertently been used for the presented fit. Prediction from our revised models with lagged precipitation and temporally plausible temperature relationships aligned with low observed cases in 1998–2022. Elevated precipitation associated with high cases in historical data (>6 inches combined precipitation over two previous springs) was only observed once in the last quarter century, so we could not assess if these conditions were reliably associated with elevated (four or more) human plague cases. Observed weather conditions were similar to those previously associated with low (fewer than or equal to two) case counts, suggesting “baseline” conditions in the last quarter century.
An Explorative Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Intention among Parents in India
Authors: Penaloza Lilly , Badiger Sanjeev , Shetty Avinash K.
Published: January 2025

India’s National COVID Vaccination Program recommended vaccination of children ages 6–12 years in April 2022. This study assessed vaccine acceptance among mothers to better understand potential barriers and facilitators of national acceptance of pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Qualitative data were collected through three focus group discussions (FGDs) with mothers who had children younger than 12 years of age; FGD-1 was composed of mothers who worked at a tertiary medical center in India, whereas FGD-2 and FGD-3 were composed of mothers who sought care at urban and rural community health centers. Investigators recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed FGDs by inductive thematic analysis. Emerging themes related to pediatric COVID-19 vaccination were categorized as knowledge and awareness, attitudes and perception, vaccine intent and facilitators, and future recommendations to promote vaccine uptake. FGD-2 and FGD-3 participants displayed limited knowledge and false beliefs regarding the pediatric COVID-19 vaccine, but mothers in FGD-1 demonstrated adequate knowledge, likely because they are health care providers. Mothers in all three FGDs expressed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy because of concerns of side effects and low disease prevalence in children. They reported much more fear about giving the vaccine to their children than they felt about receiving it themselves. Overall, education was negatively correlated with vaccine knowledge, but mothers in all groups shared similar hesitancy about their intention to accept the vaccine for their children. Educating parents in India about the COVID-19 vaccine, especially its safety and efficacy in children, is crucial to the success of a national vaccine program.
Distribution of sets of descent tops and descent bottoms on restricted permutations
Authors: Burstein Alexander
Published: January 2025

In this note, we prove some and conjecture other results regarding the distribution of descent top and descent bottom sets on some pattern-avoiding permutations. In particular, for 3-letter patterns, we show bijectively that the set of descent tops and the set of descent bottoms are jointly equidistributed on the avoiders of 231 and 312. We also conjecture similar equidistributions for 4-letter patterns, in particular, that the set of descent tops and the set of descent bottoms are jointly equidistributed on the avoiders of 3142, 3241, 4132. This conjecture and several others made in this paper have now been proved by Zhou, Zang, and Yan (2024).

Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures
Eulerian $k$-dominating reconfiguration graphs
Authors: Messinger M. E. , Porter A.
Published: January 2025

For a graph $G$, the vertices of the $k$-dominating graph, denoted $\mathcal{D}_k(G)$, correspond to the dominating sets of $G$ with cardinality at most $k$. Two vertices of $\mathcal{D}_k(G)$ are adjacent if and only if the corresponding dominating sets in $G$ can be obtained from one other by adding or removing a single vertex of $G$. Since $\mathcal{D}_k(G)$ is not necessarily connected when $k < |V(G)|$, much research has focused on conditions under which $\mathcal{D}_k(G)$ is connected and recent work has explored the existence of Hamilton paths in the $k$-dominating graph. We consider the complementary problem of determining the conditions under which the $k$-dominating graph is Eulerian. In the case where $k = |V(G)|$, we characterize those graphs $G$ for which $\mathcal{D}_k(G)$ is Eulerian. In the case where $k$ is restricted, we determine for a number of graph classes, the conditions under which the $k$-dominating graph is Eulerian.

Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Fotosintesis Kelas X SMA Cendrawasih Makassar
Authors: Herlina Herlina , Maulidyah A. Gita , Astri F Melania , Nur Sri Mukminati
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X di SMA Cendrawasih Makassar. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMA Cendrawasih Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan non equivalent control group design. Prosedur penelitian meliputi observasi, persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas X SMA Cendrawasih sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen masing-masing kelas berjumlah 15 siswa. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik tes pretest dan posttest. Berdasarkan hasil peneltian dengan analisis deskriptif pada kelas eksperimen diperoleh pretest sebesar 36,73% atau berada pada kategori tidak tuntas dan posttest sebesar 77,60 % atau berada pada kategori tuntas, dan pada kelas kontrol diperoleh pretest sebesar 39,40 % dan posttest sebesar 65,00 Sedangkan pada Uji Hipotesis T-test hasilnya adalah nilai sig<a diketahui nilai Sig (2 tailed) sebesar 0,000< a = 0,05, maka sebagaimana hasil pengambilan keputusan bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan hasil belajar biologi siswa kelas X SMA Cendrawasih dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL) mengalami peringkat yang signifikan.Kata kunci: problem based learning (pbl), problem solving (ps), hasil belajar
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fluorinated Pyrimidine Heterocyclic Derivatives as Pharmaceutical Agents
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Akhtar , Batool Fatima , Malik Iqra Ahmad , Haider Muzamil , Khan Habib Ullah , Islam Mominul Islam
Published: January 2025

Fluorinated pyrimidine derivatives represent a broad class of compounds that have received much attention owing to their wide range of applications such as pharmaceutical agents, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antidepressant, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiviral, antifungal, anti-herpes, and anti-tumor agents. Due to these pharmaceutical applications associated with fluorinated pyrimidines, we decided to synthesize them. Fluorinated pyrimidines have been synthesized via a one-pot multicomponent approach. All synthesized have been purified and characterized.
Locomotives in Service of Space
Authors: Gapanovich V. A.
Published: January 2025

.
Technological solutions in the fi eld of transport logistics
Authors: Glagolev S. N. , Novikov I. A. , Troshin A. S.
Published: January 2025

Transport logistics is the dominant process of supply, which includes planning, execution and control of the movement of goods and services. The study examines the processes of digital transformation of the Russian transport and logistics industry. A number of current trends are analysed, such as electronic transportation documents (for all modes of transport), the development of delivery systems and logistics of marketplaces, and the beginning of large-scale commercial operation of unmanned aircraft systems. It is noted that special software and AI reduce data processing time and can perform those tasks that were previously performed by people, thereby speeding up logistics processes and reducing related costs. It is quite obvious that processes that previously required a significant time can be optimised by reducing it. The use of methods of analysis and synthesis, comparisons and generalizations in combination with a systematic approach to the study allowed us to consider the processes of digital transformation of the transport and logistics industry and their fusion on the effectiveness of logistics processes from different points of view and approaches. The demand for digitalisation in the transport and logistics system is due to the constantly growing need for the delivery of goods, regardless of the geographical distance between the counterparties. The use of modern technologies in transport logistics is likely to be able to scale supply chain processes with a significant reduction in time lag. IT technologies are the key to improving the efficiency and competitiveness of transport logistics. The paper substantiates the need to implement advanced IT solutions that will allow companies to optimise their logistics operations, improve the quality of customer service, and reduce costs.
An International Research and Educational Dialogue with BRICS Countries
Authors: Baryshnikov S. O.
Published: January 2025

.
The Influence of Leadership-Member Exchange (LMX), Motivation and Continuity Commitment on Increasing the Work Productivity of State Vocational School Teachers in the City of Central Jakarta
Authors: Silitonga Dikson , Sihotang Hotmaulina , Murniarti Erni
Published: January 2025

The measure of teachers' effectiveness and efficiency while doing their duties and responsibilities  during the learning process is teacher productivity. Despite their location are close to the central of power, close to the source of policies, participate regularly in any competency training, and being equipped with better facilities, the productivity of teachers in Central Jakarta's municipality remains make apprehensive. This case indicates the need for  evaluation and efforts to improve teacher's productivity continuously , which at the end will give positive impact the quality of education on the whole. This study aims to analyze the influence of Leadership-Member Exchange (LMX), motivation, and Continuance Commitment both partially and simultaneously on the productivity of public vocational schools teachers in Central Jakarta. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to 100 public vocational school teachers in Central Jakarta as the sample (respondents). Through a quantitative research method with a multiple regression analysis approach, the results indicate that LMX, motivation, and Continuance Commitment have a positive and significant impact on teacher productivity. Simultaneously, these three variables mutually support, leading to an overall increase in productivity. Based on these findings, it is recommended that schools need to enhance the quality of relationships between leaders and teachers and create a motivating work environment to support the achievement  of optimal learning outcomes. This research is expected to provide insights for policymakers in formulating human resource development strategies in the education sector
Originalita Kantovy nauky o trvalém míru
Authors: Chotaš Jiří
Published: January 2025

The study discusses Kant’s doctrine of lasting peace contained in his essay Toward Perpetual Peace (1795). First, the historical-political circumstances surrounding the genesis of Kant’s essay are described. Kant’s preliminary measures, which in his opinion must be accepted if lasting peace is to be ensured, are also discussed. Great attention is paid to the very core of Kant’s essay: his proposal for a comprehensive reform of law, which should apply to state, international, and cosmopolitan law. This is followed by an exposition of Kant’s reflections on the feasibility of his doctrine of lasting peace in history. And finally, Kant’s view of the public as an institution is summarized. The originality of Kant’s approach is seen by the author above all in the fact that, from the point of view of the philosophy of law, the doctrine of lasting peace in Toward Perpetual Peace is connected with a consideration regarding its realizability in history. He also draws attention to the fact that though this detail is known, it is often marginalized in secondary literature.
THE EFFECT OF DIMETHYL DISULFIDE ON BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF TEST-ORGANISMS OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMATIC GROUPS
Authors: Chuyko G. , Tomilina I. , Shevchenko N. , Ugarova O. , Golovkina E. , Medyankina Mariya
Published: January 2025

New data on the effect of dimethyl disulfide on hydrobionts of different systematic groups were obtained. The threshold concentrations of DMDS, established with the chronic effect of DMDS on the growth of cells of the algae Chlorella vulgaris — 0.05 mg/L, on the reproductive parameters of Ceriodaphnia affinis — 5.0 mg/L, the occurrence of pathomorphological and pathoanatomic changes in adult fish Danio rerio — 5.0 mg/L. The change in the number of cells of the green algae Chlorella vulgaris is the most sensitive test function. The established toxicological parameters can be used to determine the hazard class and adjust the standards
for the content of DMDS in water.
REFLEXIONES CRÍTICAS EN TORNO AL LÍMITE CONJUNTO DE IMPOSICIÓN RENTA/PATRIMONIO: LA NECESARIADETERMINACIÓN DE UN ESCUDO FISCAL DE NO CONFISCATORIEDAD
Authors:   UIC de Barcelona, de Juan Jorge
Published: January 2025

El autor analiza el límite conjunto de imposición renta/patrimonio del art. 31.1 de la Ley del Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio, que sitúa el umbral impositivo máximo en el 60% de las bases imponibles de la renta, pero que, en ocasiones puede ser superior. Este umbral impositivo está alejado de los estándares de imposición máxima de otros sistemas tributarios de nuestro entorno y de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, que lo sitúa alrededor del 50% de la renta. Tras un examen de la jurisprudencia comparada, se defiende la necesidad de implementar un escudo fiscal similar, cuya trasgresión determine la existencia de confiscatoriedad.
Criminal Offenses Committed by Civilians Together With Members Of The Military
Authors: Tamba Handika Syahputra , Esther July , Sinaga Jusnizar
Published: January 2025

The Military Court can only deal with such cases if there is a decision by the Minister of Defense and Security, approved by the Minister of Justice, to transfer it to a military court. This decision is usually based on consideration of the degree of harm caused to military interests. Based on the types and sources of data used in this research, the author applies normative qualitative research methods. Normative qualitative research is an approach carried out through literature studies by utilizing various references, such as laws, books, journals, theses, and laws and regulations relevant to the formulation of research problems Conflicting sentences reflect the complexity of the criminal justice system involving various legal institutions, such as military police, civilian police, military prosecutors. The handling of this case requires good coordination between institutions to ensure a transparent legal process, in accordance with applicable regulations. This mechanism aims to accommodate equal legal treatment of perpetrators, both members of the military and civilians, while maintaining military discipline, the rule of law. Conflicting crimes reflect the complexity of the criminal justice system in Indonesia, because they involve two different legal jurisdictions. The mechanisms set out in the Military Justice Law aim to ensure justice for perpetrators and victims, while still considering the efficiency and effectiveness of the legal process. The handling of koneksitas cases requires cross-institutional cooperation to ensure a fair and transparent legal process.
Strategi Pengelolaan Sampah Berkelanjutan di Kawasan Wisata Danau Mawang, Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Nasir
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi pengelolaan sampah di kawasan wisata Danau Mawang, Kabupaten Gowa, yang mengalami permasalahan serius terkait sampah, terutama karena tingginya jumlah pengunjung. Sampah di kawasan wisata ini menjadi ancaman bagi keindahan alam dan kelestarian lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merumuskan strategi pengelolaan sampah yang efektif dan berkelanjutan dengan mempertimbangkan faktor lingkungan, sosial, serta kebijakan pemerintah daerah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi pendekatan partisipatif, pengamatan lapangan, dan analisis situasional terhadap kondisi pengelolaan sampah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya pengelolaan sampah yang berhasil membutuhkan kolaborasi erat antara pemerintah, pengelola wisata, dan masyarakat setempat. Peningkatan kesadaran melalui program edukasi lingkungan, serta penyediaan infrastruktur dan fasilitas pengelolaan sampah yang memadai di kawasan wisata, menjadi elemen penting dalam mendukung pengelolaan yang efektif. Implementasi strategi ini diharapkan dapat menjaga kelestarian lingkungan sekaligus meningkatkan daya tarik wisata Danau Mawang.
Student’s Perception and Measure of Bloom's Taxonomy Cognitive Levels: An Integrated Analysis Based on Hec's Career-Oriented Speaking Curriculum and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Ayub Sadia , Mohammed Lubna Ali
Published: January 2025

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the cognitive levels of Bloom's taxonomy that are emphasized in teaching speaking skills and evaluate how students from diverse backgrounds in Pakistani universities perceive the advanced cognitive levels of Bloom's taxonomy necessary for developing speaking skills required in the workplace.
 
Theoretical Framework: The research's fundamental concepts and theories are based on Richards and Rodgers' language teaching model (2001).
 
Method: This exploratory, case-based, qualitative study collected data from public and private universities in Islamabad. Data sources included the HEC Functional English selected curriculum, interviews with teachers and students, and classroom observations.
 
Results and Discussion: The study results revealed that to improve students' speaking abilities, the HEC's speaking curriculum should emphasize all levels of the cognitive domain outlined in Bloom's taxonomy. Currently, the curriculum primarily focuses on higher levels of cognitive processing. The curriculum must be revised to include effective comprehension exercises tailored to students from various backgrounds across all cognitive domains to help students enhance their speaking skills.
 
Research Implication: Bloom's Taxonomy is a valuable roadmap for teachers to develop students' critical skills. The findings will assist universities and curriculum designers in developing curricula aligned with Bloom's cognitive domain for the professional development of graduates.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by filling a gap by examining the cognitive domain levels that enhance the speaking skills required in the workplace, which need to be highlighted within the Pakistani context.
Distribution, abundance, and size structure of the Pacific cupped oyster Magallana gigas in northern Patagonia
Authors: Hünicken Leandro A. , González Raúl , Landete Dennis , Barrena Maité A. , Saad Juan F. , Narvarte Maite A.
Published: January 2025

In the 1980s, the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas (Thunberg, 1783) was deliberately introduced in the southern region of the Province of Buenos Aires (Bahía Anegada, BA), Argentina. In 2004, its presence expanded 80 km south of the Río Negro estuary along the coast of El Cóndor (EC). Although oysters have demonstrated dispersal capability, there is limited data as regards the EC population since 2011. This research focusses on the present M. gigas population encompassing distribution, abundance, and size structure along a 180-km coastal line from EC to San Antonio Este (SAE). Subsequently, we compared these data with those for the BA population. The presence of M. gigas in the Province of Río Negro was detected in four sites: three of them near the Río Negro estuary (EC, Piedras Verdes PV, and El Pescadero); and the last one in San Antonio Bay. Estimated average abundances near the estuary were lower (range 1.8 10-3 ± 0.6 10-3 and 9 10-2 ± 3.4 10-2 ind. m-2) than BA (105 ± 2 ind. m-2). Presence in SAE was only limited to one site and three adults M. gigas. The BA oyster population exhibited a multimodal distribution, with a significant number of recruits, whereas the PV site displayed a trimodal structure dominated by large specimens. In EC, owing to the limited number of individuals, modal components were less discernible, but small oysters predominated. The current abundance of M. gigas in EC was considerably lower than that in 2011, indicating a population decline. Despite this, the presence of juvenile oysters suggests recent recruitment, emphasizing species resilience. These results show that M. gigas faces challenges when attempting to establish itself in this specific region. Studying the underlying causes would help to understand the factors that limit the expansion of a species considered to be a global invader.
Análise da configuração das áreas verdes nos loteamentos de interesse social em Uberaba - MG
Authors: Moreira Facure Murielle , De Paula Cocozza Glauco
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar, como parte do sistema de espaços livres públicos, a configuração das áreas verdes entregues nos loteamentos de interesse social implantados em Uberaba-MG. Para isso, a metodologia foi dividida em duas etapas. Primeiramente, foram identificados e catalogados todos os loteamentos de interesse social implantados desde 2006 na cidade, pertencentes ou não ao programa MCMV, no total de cinquenta e dois. Na segunda etapa, foi elaborado uma leitura morfológica, destacando e mensurando as áreas verdes de cada loteamento para uma análise quali-quantitativa, considerando-se a sua geometria e inserção no tecido urbano, na qual foram identificadas quatro tipologias principais. A análise concluiu que a má distribuição e a inadequada configuração das áreas verdes nos loteamentos de interesse social em Uberaba-MG, limitam o acesso da população a esses locais, evidenciando a urgência de revisar a legislação para garantir uma rede de áreas verdes mais conectada e acessível.
Manaus, ficções da borracha e realidades metropolitanas
Authors: De Oliveira Sudério Marcílio , Soares de Medeiros Valério Augusto
Published: January 2025

A história urbana de Manaus, capital do Amazonas, foi investigada no período compreendido entre meados dos séculos XIX e o início do século XXI. Buscou-se explorar de que maneira a cartografia e a história registradas do assentamento são compatíveis com uma interpretação morfológica. Referências, métodos e ferramentas adotados se vinculam à Teoria da Lógica Social do Espaço (Sintaxe do Espaço), baseados na cartografia disponível sobre dois recortes: a) 1844 a 1937 — Mapas 01-04; e b) 1951 a 2023 — Mapas 05-08. Resultados obtidos permitem destacar os atributos que contribuíram para a estruturação da cidade. Achados apontam que a cartografia foi usada como veículo de promoção de ideias, indicando o caráter idealizado do urbano, fato evidente nas cartas executadas até 1937. Por outro lado, nas etapas posteriores de desenvolvimento, incluída a fase metropolitana, verificou-se o insuficiente diálogo entre estrutura de circulação e crescimento populacional. O debate subsidia a leitura de que a forma urbana materializa no tempo conjunto de discursos, políticas e aspirações sociais – num constante e conflitante embate entre a cidade ficcional e a cidade real.
Editorial PNUM 2024
Authors: Cardoso Ana Claudia , Oliveira Kamila , Lima Alberto
Published: January 2025

.
Derivational Morphology on Calum Scott’s Song from Bridges Album
Authors: Kusumawardhani Paramita , Sihombing Eklesia , Nuraeni Cicih
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to know the derivational morphemes in Calum Scott Song from Bridge Album. Derivation is a part in linguistics. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Derivational morpheme is part of morphology. Morphology means the smallest significant units of grammar. Morphology has two parts, there are derivational and inflectional. Derivational is related to affixes such prefixes, infixes, and suffixes, meanwhile inflectional is related to plural, possessive, progressive, pat time, comparative and superlative. Morphemes are divided into two parts, they are free morphemes and bound morphemes. Free morphemes are morphemes that can stand on their own, while bound morphemes that cannot stand with their own. This research focuses on derivational morphemes in Calum Scotts songs in the album Bridges. The songs in the album were used as the data of the research. This research used qualitative method and the result were some derivational morphemes found in the album Bridges. From 7 songs there are 4 prefix, such as re-, pre-, sur-, and a-, and some suffixes, such as -ent, -ion, -full, -ing, -ed, -ness, -less, -ly, -ment, -ian, -er, -y, -a.
Perkembangan Bahasa di Media Sosial: dari Bahasa Gaul hingga Singkatan Populer
Authors: Bajuri Muhammad Zahrul Jihadurrohim , Rahman Fauzi , Ilma Awla Akbar
Published: January 2025

Penggunaan bahasa gaul di media sosial oleh remaja Indonesia semakin berkembang pesat. Fenomena ini dapat saja mengaburkan batas antara bahasa baku dan bahasa informal yang diajarkan di sekolah. Meskipun bahasa gaul mempermudah interaksi sosial, dampaknya terhadap kemampuan berbahasa formal dan penguasaan bahasa Indonesia yang benar masih menjadi bahan perdebatan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan bahasa di media sosial, mulai dari bahasa-bahasa gaul hingga singkatan populer. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis konten untuk mengidentifikasi istilah dan singkatan gaul populer di media sosial yang digunakan oleh Masyarakat, khususnya remaja. Data dikumpulkan dari platform seperti Instagram, X, TikTok, dan YouTube, yang dianalisis secara tematik untuk memahami pola penggunaan bahasa gaul serta kaitannya dengan fenomena sosial dan budaya di kalangan remaja. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa bahasa gaul populer yang digunakan di media sosial mencakup istilah-istilah slang dan kata kerja unik yang berkembang di kalangan remaja, seperti "kece," "ngab," dan "ngegas." Selain itu, dalam bahasa gaul juga terdapat penggunaan singkatan dan akronim, seperti "LOL" dan "ASAP," yang digunakan untuk mempermudah komunikasi yang cepat, sekaligus menciptakan identitas kelompok dan berimplikasi pada penguatan kedekatan sosial di antara pengguna.
STABILITY OF SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEMS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONSOF NEUTRAL TYPE WITH INFINITE DISTRIBUTED DELAY
Authors: ISKAKOV T.K.
Published: January 2025

A class of systems of linear differential equations of neutral type with infinite distributed delay and periodic coefficients is considered. Using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the zero solution are obtained, estimates of solutions characterizing exponential decrease at infinity are established, conditions for perturbations of the coefficients of the system, under which exponential stability is preserved, are specified.
An Investigation of Factors Influencing Construction Project Planning in South Sudan’s Public Road Projects
Authors: Athian Teng , Okaka James , Kivaa Titus
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing project planning in public road projects in South Sudan. It aims to identify key challenges and opportunities, contributing to the development of more effective planning practices to enhance infrastructure development and support economic growth.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design was employed, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires targeting professionals in public road projects across South Sudan. Secondary data were gathered from existing literature and official reports. Data analysis utilized the Relative Importance Index (RII) to rank factors influencing project planning.
Findings: The study identifies intergovernmental factors, resource availability, technological infrastructure, and project-specific characteristics as critical determinants of project planning adequacy. It reveals significant gaps in defining project objectives, realistic scheduling, cost estimation, and risk management. The findings underscore the need for enhanced intergovernmental coordination, investment in skilled labor, and adoption of advanced project management tools to address planning deficiencies.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The research builds on institutional and contingency theories, highlighting the interplay of environmental, organizational, and contextual factors in planning outcomes. For practitioners, it provides actionable insights to improve project planning practices. For policymakers, the study recommends strengthening governance frameworks, standardizing processes, and fostering transparency in planning and implementation.
Digital Marketing Analysis of Brand Loyalty Among Generation Z on Local Skincare Brand Products
Authors: Diana Indah , Gunarto Muji , Helmi Sulaiman
Published: January 2025

This research aims to explore the factors that influence brand loyalty among Generation Z in the context of skincare products. Using qualitative methods, the study involved in-depth interviews with ten participants representing the 18-25 age group, who actively use skincare products from various brands. Findings revealed that the main factors influencing brand loyalty among Generation Z include product quality, active social media presence, commitment to sustainability and positive user experience. This research provides important insights for marketers in developing more effective strategies to attract and retain young customers.
Neuralink's Brain-Machine Interfaces: A New Frontier in Healthcare Transformation
Authors: Adeoye Seun , Adams Russel
Published: January 2025

Neuralink is one of the premier companies in America that specializes in the BMI technology the firm is revolutionizing the healthcare industry. This journal analyzes whether BMIs developed by Neuralink have benefits in the medical industry and can enhance it for the needs of patients. It starts with the history of BMI technology development and the role Neuralink Corporation has played in the process. Discussed are the uses of BMIs in healthcare, with major areas of application being the treatment of neurological disorders, prosthetic control, and the use in mental health treatment. Some of the most important ethical concerns, like data privacy and the moralities of neural enhancement, are discussed alongside the most vital technical concerns, like scalability and precision. Comparison with other BMI technologies highlights the advantages of Neuralink. In addition, the potential regulatory and policy considerations for the application of the innovation are discussed. Using the premises of the Neuralink investigations, this study envisions the company’s future achievements in healthcare that can complement identified unexplored needs and reassess the concept of human-technology interaction. The journal’s goal shall be to help the reader apprehend how Neuralink may assist in the advancement of medicine and what moral and technical questions foster its creation.