bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study of canine hip dysplasia in 116 military working dogs. Part I: Angle measurements and orthopedic foundation for animals (OFA) grading
Authors: Banfield CM , Bartels JE , Hudson JA , Wright JC , Hathcock JT , Montgomery RD
Published: September 2014

The progression of hip dysplasia was investigated in 116 military working dogs. Serial pelvic radiographs were graded for degree of dysplasia and degenerative joint disease (DJD). Norberg angles, angles of inclination, and joint space widths were measured. There was a significant correlation between the Norberg angle and the degree of dysplasia (p less than 0.0001). Angles of inclination and joint space width measurements did not demonstrate a correlation to canine hip dysplasia. Dysplastic dogs had a significant estimated risk for development of DJD compared to normal dogs (p less than 0.0001; odds ratio of 70.2). Dogs with normal hip conformation at 24 months of age or older did not develop moderate nor severe DJD.
Ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats: a review of 124 cases
Authors: Moisan PG , Watson GL
Published: September 2014

The histological features of 124 ceruminous gland tumors from canine and feline biopsy submissions were reviewed. The tissues, which represented submissions from private veterinary practices and a veterinary college, included ceruminous gland adenocarcinomas and adenomas as well as a single, mixed ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma. A majority of the masses from both dogs and cats were identified as malignant processes.
Comparison of the indirect oscillometric and direct arterial methods for blood pressure measurements in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Meurs KM , Miller MW , Slater MR
Published: September 2014

The indirect oscillometric method of blood pressure measurement was compared to the direct arterial puncture method in 15 anesthetized dogs, divided into three weight groups, undergoing a variety of surgical procedures. The objectives of this study were to determine the accuracy of the indirect oscillometric method at a single point in time and when sequential values were averaged. Additionally, the ability to detect systemic hypotension (i.e., mean systemic arterial pressure less than 60 mmHg) was evaluated. The method had the highest correlation coefficient (r of 0.8) when five sequential values were averaged and compared, and it appeared to be sensitive (100%) and specific (91%) for detecting hypotension.
Fatal hypernatremia in a dog from salt ingestion
Authors: Khanna C , Boermans HJ , Wilcock B
Published: September 2014

An eight-year-old, neutered male Airedale terrier was presented for the evaluation of a 45-minute episode of continuous seizure activity after ingesting a salt-flour mixture used as clay for the sculpting of small figurines. Levels of serum sodium (211 mEq/L; reference range, 145 to 158 mEq/L) and chloride (180 mEq/L; reference range, 105 to 122 mEq/L) were elevated. The dog died despite aggressive therapy directed at the hypernatremia. Tissue levels of sodium and chloride were elevated. Brain sodium level (108 mEq/L; reference range, has less than 80 mEq/L) was diagnostic for salt toxicosis. All necropsy findings, except severe hepatocellular necrosis, were consistent with reports of salt poisoning in humans and other species. Hypernatremia from ingestion of salt has not been described previously in the dog.
Feline cryptococcosis: a retrospective evaluation
Authors: Gerds-Grogan S , Dayrell-Hart B
Published: September 2014

Cryptococcus neoformans causes the most common form of feline systemic fungal disease. Nineteen cats with cryptococcosis were seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between April 1986 and May 1995. Compared to other studies, these 19 cases showed increased neurological and ophthalmological involvement. Males were affected more often than females. Season and environment appeared to influence time of onset or presentation to the hospital. Clinical pathology did not show typical changes. It is possible that the organism was present frequently in the urine but was mistaken for fat droplets. Treatment with ketoconazole was unrewarding in cases with central nervous system (CNS) involvement.
Gracilis or semitendinosus myopathy in 18 dogs
Authors: Lewis DD , Shelton GD , Piras A , Dee JF , Robins GM , Herron AJ , Fries C , Ginn PE , Hulse DA , Simpson DL , Allen DA
Published: September 2014

The clinical findings in 18 dogs with gracilis (n = 17) or semitendinosus (n = 1) myopathy are described. Each dog had a similar hind-limb gait abnormality characterized by a shortened stride with a rapid, elastic medial rotation of the paw, internal rotation of the hock and external rotation of the calcaneus [corrected] and internal rotation of the stifle during the mid-to-late swing phase of the stride. Medical management prior to or in lieu of surgery was attempted (n = 8) with no apparent response. Fifteen dogs had one or multiple surgical procedures. Although transection, partial excision, or complete resection of the affected muscle resulted in resolution of lameness following surgery, lameness recurred six weeks to five months (mean, 2.5 months; median, two months) following surgery. Adjunctive medical treatment did not prevent recurrence. Variable replacement of the affected muscle with fibrous connective tissue (predominantly along the caudolateral border of the muscle) was evident grossly, and replacement of myofibers with fibrous connective tissue was confirmed histologically. A definitive etiology could not be established.
Multiple risk factors for the gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome in dogs: a practitioner/owner case-control study
Authors: Glickman LT , Glickman NW , Schellenberg DB , Simpson K , Lantz GC
Published: September 2014

A study was conducted of 101 dogs (i.e., case dogs) that had acute episodes of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) and 101 dogs (i.e., control dogs) with nonGDV-related problems. The control dogs were matched individually to case dogs by breed or size, and age. Predisposing factors that significantly (p less than 0.10) increased a dog's risk of GDV were male gender, being underweight, eating one meal daily, eating rapidly, and a fearful temperament. Predisposing factors that decreased the risk of GDV significantly were a "happy" temperament and inclusion of table foods in a usual diet consisting primarily of dry dog food. The only factor that appeared to precipitate an acute episode of GDV was stress.
Treatment of systemic hypertension in cats with amlodipine besylate
Authors: Henik RA , Snyder PS , Volk LM
Published: September 2014

Amlodipine besylate, a calcium channel blocker, was used to treat (mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 127 +/- 68 days) 12 cats with systemic hypertension. Amlodipine was administered orally at a dosage of 0.625 mg per cat (range, 0.08 to 0.23 mg/kg body weight; mean dose +/- SD, 0.17 +/- 0.04 mg/kg body weight) once daily as a single agent. Average indirect systolic blood pressure measurements in the 12 cases decreased significantly from 198 to 155 mmHg during amlodipine treatment. Significant changes in body weight and serum creatinine and potassium concentrations were not detected. Amlodipine appears to be a safe and effective oral treatment for systemic hypertension in cats when used chronically once daily as a single agent.
Splenic hemangiosarcoma and concurrent ossifying gastric adenocarcinoma in a dog
Authors: Turnquist SE , Cohn LA , Reed A
Published: September 2014

An eight-year-old, spayed female, mixed Airedale terrier was presented for chronic vomiting and weight loss. Although emaciated, the dog had a pendulous abdomen with a palpable, left-sided, cranial abdominal mass. Diagnostic imaging confirmed a mass effect associated with both the spleen and stomach; it was unclear whether one mass or two was present. Necropsy confirmed the presence of two unrelated malignant abdominal neoplasms: a splenic hemangiosarcoma and an ossifying gastric adenocarcinoma.
Gastrinoma: a retrospective study of four cases (1985-1995)
Authors: Green RA , Gartrell CL
Published: September 2014

Islet-cell tumors of the pancreas, such as gastrinoma, are rare in veterinary medicine. Patients with gastrinoma or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have elevated serum gastrin levels which ultimately cause gastrointestinal ulcerations. Due to their small size, gastrinomas are a challenge to localize prior to surgery. In veterinary medicine, exploratory surgery with biopsy for histopathology confirms the diagnosis of gastrinoma. This is a retrospective study of four dogs with gastrinoma.
Clinical features of trigeminal nerve-sheath tumor in 10 dogs
Authors: Bagley RS , Wheeler SJ , Klopp L , Sorjonen DC , Thomas WB , Wilkens BE , Gavin PR , Dennis R
Published: September 2014

Nerve-sheath tumor was diagnosed in 10 dogs with clinical signs of unilateral trigeminal nerve dysfunction. Unilateral temporalis and masseter muscle atrophy were present in all cases. An enlarged foramen and distorted rostral petrous temporal bone were seen with computed tomography imaging in one case. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the lesion accurately in seven cases. Surgery was performed for biopsy and lesion removal in three cases. Cases not treated had a progressive course eventually resulting in euthanasia or death. Of the cases treated surgically, one case is alive without disease progression 27 months after surgery. Survival times of the nontreated cases ranged from five to 21 months.
Comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol in ferrets
Authors: Ko JC , Nicklin CF , Montgomery T , Kuo WC
Published: September 2014

Nine ferrests were used in a crossover study to determine the anesthetic effects of intramuscular (i.m.) administration of a low dose of tiletamine-zolazepam (1.5 mg/kg body weight)-xylazine (1.5 mg/kg body weight); a high dose of tiletamine-zolazepam (3 mg/kg body weight)-xylazine (3 mg/kg body weight); and tiletamine-zolazepam (1.5 mg/kg body weight)-xylazine (1.5 mg/kg body weight)-butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg body weight). All ferrets became laterally recumbent within two minutes following the administration of each drug combination. The tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol combination induced significantly longer (p less than 0.05) durations of tail clamp analgesia (mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 90.0 +/- 17.1 min versus 17.8 +/- 15.8 min and 41.9 +/- 26.3 min) and endotracheal intubation (mean +/- SD, 84.8 +/- 21.7 min versus 5.2 +/- 10.3 min and 26.3 +/- 29.8 min) than the low-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine and high-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine combinations, respectively. Heart rates and the times from dorsal recumbency to standing were not significantly different among the three treatment groups. However, systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol group. Ventilatory function was more depressed in the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol group than in the low-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine and high-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine groups. A short period of hypoxia was observed in the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol-treated ferrets. Tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol was found to be the best of the three combinations evaluated in these ferrets. The addition of butorphanol to the low-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine combination greatly enhanced the duration of analgesia, endotracheal intubation, and dorsal recumbency. However, since hypoxemia occurred during the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-butorphanol anesthesia, oxygen (O2) insufflation is recommended. Doubling the dose of the low-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine increased the duration of analgesia and endotracheal intubation without prolonging the recovery when compared to the low-dose tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine group.
Hematometra secondary to anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity
Authors: Padgett SL , Stokes JE , Tucker RL , Wheaton LG
Published: September 2014

An adult, intact female Australian shepherd presented for frank vaginal bleeding of unknown duration. The only coagulation profile abnormality upon presentation was mild prolongation of the partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The uterus was removed at surgery and contained a large amount of coagulated blood. Clotting profiles were markedly abnormal 48 hours postoperatively. Serum analysis was positive for brodifacoum, an anticoagulant rodenticide. Preoperative coagulation was most likely normalized by vitamin K1 therapy administered prior to presentation. The only manifestation of anticoagulant rodenticide was hematometra. Rodenticide intoxication should be considered in the differential diagnosis list of hematometra or metrorrhagia.
Management of nasal aspergillosis in a dog with a single, noninvasive intranasal infusion of clotrimazole
Authors: Smith SA , Andrews G , Biller DS
Published: September 2014

An 11-year-old, spayed female keeshond was presented for unilateral epistaxis and serous nasal discharge of four weeks duration. Initial nasal radiographs, rhinoscopy, and histopathology suggested severe, destructive lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. The patient deteriorated while receiving an anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone. A computed tomographic scan of the nose demonstrated a soft-tissue density in both the right nasal cavity and frontal sinus. Samples for histopathology obtained at surgery were diagnostic for nasal aspergillosis. All clinical signs resolved with a single, noninvasive infusion of intranasal clotrimazole and a four-week course of oral itraconazole.
Risk factors for odontoclastic resorptive lesions in cats
Authors: Scarlett JM , Saidla J , Hess J
Published: September 2014

A cross-sectional study evaluating potential risk factors for odontoclastic resorptive lesions (ORL) in feline teeth was conducted. Owners of 32 cats with ORL and 27 cats without ORL were interviewed regarding their respective cat's demographic characteristics, diet, and medical and dental histories. Four factors were identified as significantly associated with ORL using unconditional logistic regression. A history of dental disease (gingivitis, calculus, or periodontal disease; odds ratio [OR], 4.5); city residence (OR, 4.4); and being an exclusively indoor cat (OR, 4.5) were associated with an increased risk for ORL. Consumption of commercial treats (OR, 0.3) appeared protective for ORL.
Radiographic findings in dogs with naturally-occurring primary hypoadrenocorticism
Authors: Melian C , Stefanacci J , Peterson ME , Kintzer PP
Published: September 2014

Survey radiographs often are obtained in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism in adrenal crisis as part of the routine evaluation of a critically ill dog. In this study, standardized methods of cardiac, pulmonary vasculature, and vena cava mensuration were used in 22 dogs with naturally-occurring primary hypoadrenocorticism, and the findings were compared with those in 22 breed-matched, clinically normal dogs. Most (81.8%) untreated dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism had one or more radiographic abnormalities, including small size of the heart (45.5%), cranial lobar pulmonary artery (36.4%), caudal vena cava (54.5%), or liver (36.4%). Megaesophagus was not found in any of the dogs with hypoadrenocorticism, and therefore, compared to the other common radiographic findings, should be considered a rare finding.
Hypercalcemia and calcium oxalate urolithiasis in cats: a report of five cases
Authors: McClain HM , Barsanti JA , Bartges JW
Published: September 2014

Five cats that presented for signs of lower urinary tract disease (i.e., pollakiuria and hematuria) secondary to a calcium oxalate urolithiasis are presented. On evaluation, all five cats had elevations of both serum ionized as well as total serum calcium. The hypercalcemia resolved after discontinuation of urinary acidifying therapy or a dietary change, or both.
Peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the diaphragm with osseous differentiation in a one-year-old dog
Authors: Anderson GM , Dallaire A , Miller LM , Miller CW
Published: September 2014

A 12-month-old, spayed female German shepherd dog was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for repair of a diaphragmatic hernia. Abdominal exploration revealed an intact diaphragm, but thoracic exploration revealed a large mass originating from the diaphragm. Resection of the mass was incomplete and required reconstruction of the diaphragm. On histopathology, the mass was composed mainly of spindle-shaped cells with occasional areas of osseous and chondroid tissue. The tumor was diagnosed as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) with chondro-osseous differentiation. The dog was released four days after surgery; however, she began having difficulty breathing seven days after discharge, and the owners elected euthanasia. A necropsy was not performed. This is the first known report of a PNST originating in the diaphragm of a dog.
The effects of indwelling transurethral catheterization and tube cystostomy on urethral anastomoses in dogs
Authors: Cooley AJ , Waldron DR , Smith MM , Saunders GK , Troy GC , Barber DL
Published: September 2014

The influence of urinary diversion procedures on urethral healing was studied in 15 male dogs following transection and anastomosis of the intrapelvic portions of their urethras. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups and had urine diverted from the surgical site by indwelling transurethral catheter, cystostomy catheter, or a combination of transurethral catheter and cystostomy catheter. There were no statistically significant differences in urethral healing when considering the different diversion methods, based on clinical, radiographic, and urodynamic parameters evaluated.
Leukoerythroblastosis and normoblastemia in the cat
Authors: Hammer AS , Wellman M
Published: September 2014

Over a six-month period, 6% of 313 cats evaluated hematologically had either leukoerythroblastosis or normoblastemia. Diseases associated with these hematological conditions included haemobartonellosis, hepatic lipidosis, trauma, viral and bacterial infections, myeloproliferative disorders, and hemangiosarcoma. The finding of leukoerythroblastosis or normoblastemia may aid in diagnosing cats presenting with nonspecific signs.
Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis-induced systemic thromboembolism in a cat
Authors: Hogan DF , Dhaliwal RS , Sisson DD , Kitchell BE
Published: September 2014

A six-year-old cat presented with clinical signs consistent with distal aortic thromboembolism while clinical signs of cardiovascular disease were absent. Diagnostics, including thoracic radiographs, electrocardiography, and echocardiography revealed no cardiovascular anomalies. Thoracic radiographs revealed multifocal pulmonary lesions consistent with neoplasia. Complete blood cell count demonstrated a marked thrombocytosis, leukopenia, and neutropenia. Histopathology of the pulmonary lesions confirmed multiple bronchoalveolar carcinomas. Myelodysplasia with megakaryocytic hyperplasia and ineffective myelopoiesis was noted on bone-marrow histopathology from multiple sites. The absence of other causes suggested a paraneoplastic thrombocytosis. The diagnosis of paraneoplastic thrombocytosis-induced thromboembolism was made due to the lack of underlying cardiac disease and the presence of a marked thrombocytosis. The presence of thrombocytosis and thromboembolism associated with neoplasia is discussed.
Suspected myelinolysis following rapid correction of hyponatremia in a dog
Authors: Churcher RK , Watson AD , Eaton A
Published: September 2014

A dog developed signs of neurological dysfunction five days after rapid correction of severe electrolyte derangements, including hyponatremia, caused by gastrointestinal parasitism (i.e., trichuriasis). History, laboratory findings, and onset of neurological signs following correction of hyponatremia led to a diagnosis of myelinolysis. Myelinolysis is a noninflammatory, demyelinating brain disease caused by sudden, upward osmotic shifts in central nervous system plasma, often a result of rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia. The pathogenesis is complex, but recovery is possible. Iatrogenic damage due to myelinolysis can be avoided by adherence to therapeutic guidelines for correction of chronic hyponatremia.
Regression of hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat after surgical excision of an adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Becker TJ , Perry RL , Watson GL
Published: September 2014

A 12-year-old, spayed, female domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed with severe and extensive hypertrophic osteopathy of the appendicular skeleton. Diagnostic ultrasound detected a mass lesion in the right adrenal gland. A right adrenalectomy was performed, and histopathological examination confirmed an adrenocortical carcinoma. No radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastasis was found on initial presentation or recheck thoracic radiographs taken 15 weeks later. Almost complete regression of periosteal new bone formation occurred 15 weeks following the successful surgical removal of the adrenal tumor.
Hepatic microvascular dysplasia in dogs: a retrospective study of 24 cases (1987-1995)
Authors: Christiansen JS , Hottinger HA , Allen L , Phillips L , Aronson LR
Published: September 2014

Hepatic microvascular dysplasia (HMD) is a disease involving a microscopic shunting of blood through the liver without the presence of a macroscopic portosystemic shunt (PSS). Data was collected from medical records and telephone conversations with referring veterinarians and owners of 24 dogs diagnosed with HMD. Criteria for diagnosis included histopathological evidence of microvascular dysplasia on hepatic biopsy as well as surgical exploration and a normal mesenteric portogram to rule out a macroscopic PSS. Dogs with HMD frequently have less severe clinical signs and a better long-term prognosis than do those with a PSS that are managed medically.
Evaluation of aqueous tear production in dogs following general anesthesia
Authors: Herring IP , Pickett JP , Champagne ES , Marini M
Published: September 2014

Pre- and postanesthetic Schirmer tear test (STT) values were measured in 46 dogs. All subjects had normal preanesthetic STT values (18.3 +/- 2.8 mm per min in the left eye [OS] and 18.3 +/- 3.0 mm per min in the right eye [OD]). Significant differences were found between pre- and postanesthetic STT values. Significant decreases in tear production were evident for up to 24 hours following the anesthetic event. Subject age did not significantly influence the results. Duration of anesthesia significantly affected the rate of return to preanesthetic STT values, with anesthetic events greater than two hours in duration having a prolonged effect as compared to anesthetic events less than two hours in duration. Anticholinergic administration prior to or during anesthesia further lowered postanesthetic STT values.
Histopathological, radiographic, and arthrographic comparison of the biceps tendon in normal dogs and dogs with biceps tenosynovitis
Authors: Davidson EB , Griffey SM , Vasseur PB , Shields SL
Published: September 2014

In dogs surgically treated for biceps tenosynovitis, the most common histopathological findings were fibrosis and collagen degeneration (n=13), synovial villous or vascular hyperplasia (n=10), lymphocytic-plasmacytic infiltrates (n=10), cartilaginous metaplasia (n=8), and ischemic necrosis (n=5). Degree of histopathological changes was associated with degree (p equals 0.000), but not duration (p equals 0.543), of lameness. Furthermore, there was no association between histopathological changes and age or radiographic and arthrographic findings. Cartilage metaplasia was the only histopathological finding in both affected tendons (8/18) and normal control dogs (13/13). Age and size of the control dogs were not determined; however, since all these dogs were clinically normal, fibrocartilaginous metaplasia can be present as an incidental finding in the biceps tendon of origin in dogs.
Successful treatment of feline pancreatitis using an endoscopically placed gastrojejunostomy tube
Authors: Jennings M , Center SA , Barr SC , Brandes D
Published: September 2014

A cat with pancreatitis, diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography, fine-needle aspirate cytopathology, and increased concentration of serum trypsin-like immunoreactive substance, was treated successfully using jejunal alimentation provided through a percutaneous gastrojejunostomy tube. This method of jejunal feeding is less technically difficult, less stressful for the patient, and has fewer complications than surgically placed jejunostomy tubes. Nutritional support with jejunal feeding is superior to total parenteral nutrition, as it maintains gut integrity, decreases septic complications, and may reduce exogenous insulin requirements. The methods of tube insertion and maintenance, and the physiological advantages over other feeding methods are described.
Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum in a dog
Authors: Mehl ML , Seguin B , Norrdin RW , Geddes S , Withrow SJ
Published: September 2014

A 13-year-old, neutered male standard poodle with tachypnea and abdominal distension was diagnosed with pneumoperitoneum. Pneumoperitoneum can be due to a perforated gastrointestinal tract, penetrating abdominal wounds, gas-producing bacterial peritonitis, or it can be iatrogenically introduced during surgery. Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum is a condition diagnosed in humans after exclusion of perforated gastrointestinal tract and other known causes of free intra-abdominal gas. This report suggests that dogs may suffer from a similar syndrome.
Primary bronchotomy for removal of an intrabronchial foreign body in a dog
Authors: Pacchiana PD , Burnside PK , Wilkens BE , McDonald DE , Gillings SL
Published: September 2014

An 8-year-old, spayed female toy poodle presented with wounds sustained from a dog fight. The multiple orthopedic injuries present were managed surgically. Months later, a chronic cough developed secondary to an aspirated canine tooth in the mainstem bronchus of the right cranial lung that was nonresponsive to medical management. A thoracotomy and primary bronchotomy were performed to remove the aspirated tooth, resulting in complete resolution of clinical signs. Bronchial foreign bodies are rarely diagnosed in companion animals. Primary bronchotomy is an alternative to bronchoscopy or lung lobectomy in cases that do not respond to medical management.
Learning to Change Farming and Water Management Practices in Response to the Challenges of Climate Change and Sustainability
Authors: Blackmore Chris
Published: September 2014

Extremes of wet and dry weather experienced in the UK in recent years have raised many questions and issues about traditional water management and farming practices. Farm infrastructure and traditional machinery have been found to be limited when addressing these issues, which include increases in flooding, diffuse pollution and the inability to access land to carry out basic farming operations. This paper reviews reactions to these issues from those tasked with addressing them in the short and long term. Drawing on theories of learning systems, it considers the nature of some of the learning that has taken place and what kinds of social infrastructure can support such learning. Implications for future learning system design are discussed. Key examples are drawn from two research contexts, one concerned with a new generation of agricultural machines and the other with water management, governance and climate adaptation.
Programmes, Projects and Learning Inquiries
Authors: Ison Ray , Carberry Peter , Davies Jocelyn , Hall Andy , McMillan Larelle , Maru Yiheyis , Pengelly Bruce , Reichelt Nicole , Stirzaker Richard , Wallis Philip J. , Watson Ian , Webb Sara
Published: September 2014

This paper explores innovation processes and institutional change within research for development (R4D). It draws on learning by Australian participants associated with the implementation of a three-year Australian-funded food security R4D programme in Africa, and in particular a sub-component designed to support and elicit this learning. The authors critically examine this attempt at institutional innovation via the creation of a ‘learning project’ (LP) in a larger programme. For systemic innovation to be achieved, it is concluded that the system of concern must envisage institutional innovation and change within the donor and external research organizations as well as with project recipients and collaborative partners. Institutional constraints and opportunities are explored, including how the overall approach to learning in this programme could have been reframed as an organizational innovation platform (IP), designing, managing and evaluating IPs at different systemic levels of governance – including within the collaborative programme with African partners, in the constituent in-country projects, in the collaborating Australian organizations and at the level of personal practice.
Agricultural Research — From Recommendation Domains to Arenas for Interaction
Authors: Röling N. , Jiggins J. , Hounkonnou D. , van Huis A.
Published: September 2014

Agricultural research designs tend to be bounded by agroecological conditions, farming systems and other dimensions assumed to be homogeneous for the population of interest (that is, a recommendation domain or population for whom a technology or practice is expected to be relevant). Scaling is then a question of ‘rolling out’ results across the domain. But what if technology adoption and institutional context explain the variance in the output of smallholders, and agricultural development is also a question of institutional innovation? What if a domain is seen as a system of interest among actors who have a stake in the system and as an arena for concerted action and institutional innovation? This paper reports on six years of action research that attempts to answer these questions. It compares experimental interventions and subsequent systemic changes within each of nine agroenterprise domains. The experience suggests that the research approach used can explain variance in smallholder output that, in present-day West Africa, is not explained by technology adoption.
Unravelling Group Dynamics in Institutional Learning Processes
Authors: Wellbrock Wiebke , Knierim Andrea
Published: September 2014

To create sustainable rural areas, farming and non-farming stakeholders must learn to work together better. In this paper, the authors contribute to the discussion of innovation platforms as drivers of institutional change by taking a closer look at the group dynamics of emerging social bodies in innovation projects, focusing on the joint creation of institutions in the process of learning to work together. Three examples of institutional learning are discussed. The authors show that ‘institutional voids' are important in facilitating institutional learning at multi-actor interfaces. They also show how different team roles, such as those of collaborative leaders and brokers, emerge and are assigned tasks, and how they can be identified. The paper concludes with reflections on the implications of the findings for innovation processes.
Lessons on Transdisciplinary Research in a Co-Innovation Programme in the New Zealand Agricultural Sector
Authors: Botha Neels , Klerkx Laurens , Small Bruce , Turner James A.
Published: September 2014

A recently implemented research and development (R&D) programme in New Zealand is attempting to implement co-innovation principles throughout the country's agricultural sector. It is based on an agricultural innovation systems (AIS) approach, using five innovation platforms (IPs) based in the leading industries, plus a national-level I P. This paper presents and analyses the emerging challenges of operationalizing transdisciplinary research connected to co-innovation in the context of the programme. The main challenges relate to managing the complexity of a multi-stakeholder network, aligning the formal procedures for research funding and IPs with a co-innovation approach that requires flexibility, and changing participants' framing of innovation from linear to interactive models. Our conclusion is that ‘learning by doing’ is essential in operationalizing co-innovation. Its practical implications still need to be translated into institutional changes in the national R&D structures so that policies, instruments and incentives enable co-innovation. It is envisaged that the higher-level innovation platform will drive these changes.
From Fair Milk to Fair Enterprise: The Consequences of an Unexpected Bricolage
Authors: Feyereisen Marlène , Mélard François
Published: September 2014

In recent years, the European Union and the Common Agricultural Policy have made considerable changes in policy related to the dairy sector. After two successive dairy crises in 2009 and 2012, the dairy sector in Belgium was weakened considerably. The Belgian fair-trade milk enterprise, Fairebel, was created by dairy farmers a few months after the 2009 European milk crisis, seeking to develop their alternative, supported, owned by and for traditional dairy farmers. This case study brings into question ‘fair trade’ as a concept and practice in terms of trade between enterprises in Europe, and the surprise effects of interaction when analysed at both European and regional scales. The study concludes that the best innovation processes are not necessarily radical, and that tinkering – or bricolage – is the path taken by many innovations.
Analysis of the Role of an Innovation Broker Appointed by a Cotton Industry Environmental Innovation Partnership in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Hood Olive , Coutts Jeff , Hamilton Gus
Published: September 2014

The outcomes of agricultural innovation systems can be viewed as the emergent product of multiple interacting, multilevel, concomitant initiatives of diverse duration. The new language of environmental innovation partnerships, organizational groups and innovation brokers (IBs) engages with this perspective. In the cotton farming systems case analysed here, the participants developed what could be considered to be an innovation partnership, stimulated by an agri-environmental incentive scheme that supported on-farm implementation of environmentally sensitized irrigation practices within a catchment. The participants pooled their resources and appointed a short-term IB to facilitate the ‘purchase of knowledge’ by local irrigators and their agronomic advisers, relevant to their self-identified irrigation knowledge needs. The IB also facilitated linkages among the partners' various irrigation, water, cotton and catchment initiatives. The partners hypothesized that new or modified organizational groupings would emerge and that system-wide practice changes would result, and that if the new organizational arrangements could be sustained post-project, a legacy of ongoing capability for systemic change could be achieved. This research shows that the short-term objectives were met, but the expected post-project legacy did not emerge. The paper discusses the implications for innovation brokerage and evaluation of such partnerships.
Between Script and Improvisation: Institutional Conditions and Their Local Operation
Authors: van Mierlo Barbara , Totin Edmond
Published: September 2014

In Benin, a combination of governmental programmes effectively stimulated rice intensification by providing relevant institutional arrangements such as subsidized seed, credit and a market outlet. In this paper, the authors investigate the institutional character of these programmes by unpacking the rules embedded in them and by showing how farmers mould, reject and change these rules or combine them with local rules – their practices of institutional bricolage. The authors show that the services provided by the programmes had great advantages for rice farmers, but they also had an exclusive character. Because of local bricolage practices, the programmes both affected rice production and helped the rice farmers to deal with conflicts over inequitable land allocation and discriminatory participation in canal cleaning. These findings contribute to discussion of the role of innovation platforms in the stimulation of institutional change and the provision of enabling conditions.
A terceirização na execução de políticas de alfabetização de adultos: sobre escolas, igrejas e associações comunitárias
Authors: Barreyro Gladys Beatriz
Published: September 2014

O trabalho mostra alguns achados de pesquisa acerca da implantação de um Programa de Alfabetização de Jovens e Adultos, o Programa Alfabetização Solidária, cujo modelo “terceirizava” em Instituições de Educação Superior (IES) sua implementação. Elas, por sua vez, nos Grandes Centros Urbanos,realizavam “parcerias” com outras instituições em cuja sede era realizada a alfabetização da população alvo. O trabalho foi realizado em uma IES privada de um município próximo à cidade de São Paulo e a metodologia específica utilizada para investigar esse aspecto da pesquisa2 consistiu em entrevistas, observações de aula “in loco” e aplicação de um questionário auto-administrado. Os resultados assinalam que a abertura de salas de aula em ONG e demais instituições da comunidade mostra que, embora fosse conseguida a capilaridade necessária, perdia-se o cumprimento do objetivo do Programa.
Ensino Superior no Brasil: cenário, avanços e contradições
Authors: Franco Alexandre De Paula
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho apresenta um breve conjunto de reflexões que apontam elementos constituintes da educação superior no Brasil nas últimas duas décadas, considerando principalmente o contexto da organização e estrutura do ensino superior no país, apreciando suas mudanças históricas, a identificação do perfil dos alunosingressantes nesta etapa da educação e a relação com o panorama da educação básica. a proposta é realizar e possibilitar uma visãopanorâmica sobre os avanços e os desafios que estão colocados diante da sociedade, quando se trata de ensino superior no Brasil.
A postura docente e os ciclos de aprendizagem em São Paulo
Authors: Cunha Isabela Bilecki da
Published: September 2014

A partir da análise de pesquisas sobre as propostas de ciclos e progressão continuada no Brasil, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma escola da rede pública municipal de São Paulo ao longo do ano letivo de 2006. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo revelar a postura dos docentes a partir de suas práticas e das reflexões que fazem sobre seu trabalho, inserido num contexto de ciclos. O trabalho de campo realizou-se por meio de observação participante, análise documental e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete professoras do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental. Verificou-se que os docentes, a despeito de serem em geral contrários à proposta, têm ao longo dos anos mudado a postura em relação aos alunos diante das novas realidades criadas pelos ciclos, reconstruindo suas práticas como forma de adaptar antigas concepções de ensino à estrutura que foi gerada. Essas mudanças partem da necessidade de atender aos alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem, incluídos no sistema de ensino a partir da implantação do regime de ciclos. Aanálise revela que as condições de trabalho não têm contemplado demandas importantes como a formação docente, a participação da comunidade escolar, a articulação do trabalho coletivo e a criação de instrumentos de apoio aos alunos nosdiferentes anos do ensino fundamental.
Os impactos da política educacional paulista na prática docente e na organização do trabalho pedagógico nas escolas estaduais paulistas na perspectiva dos professores
Authors: Novaes Luiz Carlos
Published: September 2014

O artigo apresenta a percepção dos professores da rede estadual paulista acerca das ações propostas pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo (SEE/SP) ao longo dos últimos catorze anos, bem como a maneira como tais ações interferem na organização do trabalho pedagógico, da escola e da prática docente. O texto faz uma breve introdução às principais diretrizes educacionais adotadas no período, bem como a maneira como se encontra organizado o magistério paulista para, em seguida, apontar quais iniciativas da SEE/SP foram mais significativas aos docentes, considerando as mais citadas durante a realização das entrevistas. Os resultados alcançados apontam para uma relação de extrema desconfiança dos docentes com a política educacional da SEE/SP, concebendo as ações adotadas pela secretaria, muitas vezes, como mecanismos de controle do trabalho do professor e de gradativa perda de autonomia. As principais medidas lembradas pelos professores em relação à política educacional paulista sugerem que os docentes percebem predominantemente aquelas mais próximasde sua rotina e do trabalho diário, faltando uma percepção ampliada das políticas educacionais, o que reduz significativamente a análise e compreensão dos problemas que afetam o cotidiano escolar e o próprio trabalho.
Controle Social em Educação Básica Pública
Authors: Da Silva Maria Abádia , Braga Marcus Vinícius de Azevedo
Published: September 2014

Este estudo examina o controle social na educação básica pública e analisa a atuação do Estado brasileiro para exercê-lo sobre a população e os instrumentos dessa mesma população para controlar esse Estado, em uma sociedade de classes marcada pelas desigualdades sociais e econômicas.  a partir de categorias de Antonio Gramsci, discute a luta dos trabalhadores pelo direito à educação pública e como estes reinventam formas de participação por meio de conselhos na educação, principalmente no que tange à aplicação dos recursos orçamentários e aos mecanismos que instituem a gestão democrática na educação básica pública.
Percentual de recursos públicos para a educação: compromisso irrevogável do PIB
Authors: Monlevade João A. C.
Published: September 2014

Este artigo se apresenta como uma contribuição para o aperfeiçoamento da estrutura formal do Plano Nacional de Educação, constante do Anexo do Projeto de Lei nº 8.035, de 2010. O trabalho particularmente discute a questão do financiamento da educação, de maneira a se dedicar à análise e proposição de novo conteúdo para a Meta 20 do referido plano.
Judicialização da educação para a efetivação do direito à educação básica
Authors: Silveira Adriana A. Dragone
Published: September 2014

Na legislação brasileira o direito à educação é declarado no conjunto dos direitos sociais, configurando-se um direito de todos e dever do Estado. Todavia, há um longo caminho a ser percorrido para que todos, sem distinção, o exerçam plenamente. Recorrer ao Poder Judiciário pode ser uma das possibilidades de efetivá-lo, conforme determinada a própria Constituição. Neste sentido, este trabalho busca apresentar a discussão acerca da judicialização da educação, como uma estratégia de implementação do direito à educação básica, analisando a literatura sobre o tema e as decisões proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo.
Direito à educação em face do princípio da reserva possível: a importância dos instrumentos de controle social
Authors: Silva Carlos Eduardo Moreira da
Published: September 2014

O objetivo deste texto é discutir como os mecanismos e instrumentos de controle social podem contribuir para a efetivação do direito fundamental à educação de crianças de 0 a 5 anos. Optou-se pela realização de pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de análise da legislação educacional municipal e documentos diversos e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com servidores públicos municipais e presidentes de conselhos de educação. Conclui-se que os mecanismos e instrumentos de controle social podem contribuir para a efetivação do direito fundamental, por meio da reestruturação do plano de trabalho dos conselhos de Educação e do FUNDEB e a realização de eventos envolvendo segmentos da sociedade e do Estado.
Desenvolvimento numa perspectiva keynesiana: uma resposta ao Professor Fernando Holanda Barbosa
Authors: Oreiro José Luis
Published: September 2014

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Perspectivas para a economia mundial em 2006
Authors: Paula Nilson De , Dagostini Tácio Feres
Published: September 2014

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A escolha do padrão de TV digital no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Wellington
Published: September 2014

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O Brasil no contexto das mudanças políticas na América Latina
Authors: Carneiro Leão Igor Zanoni Constant
Published: September 2014

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Regime de metas para a inflação: algumas lições a partir da experiência internacional
Authors: Oliveira Giuliano Contento de
Published: September 2014

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Revista Economia & Tecnologia (RET), Vol. 2, Nº 3 (2006)
Authors: * RET
Published: September 2014

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A Nova Economia do Conhecimento e a Tecnologia da Informação: análises e perspectivas para o Brasil
Authors: Silvestre Rodrigo Gomes Marques , Oliveira Rafael Amâncio de
Published: September 2014

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Negociações Internacionais – Limitações e Oportunidades
Authors: Caron Antoninho
Published: September 2014

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As Políticas Públicas no Processo de Inovação na Indústria Farmacêutica: O caso da vacina contra a Hepatibe B
Authors: Farinazzo Claudio Henrique Braga , Fonseca José Wladimir Freitas da
Published: September 2014

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Propriedade intelectual em melhoramento vegetal: o que muda com a alteração na Lei de Proteção de Cultivares no Brasil?
Authors: Fuck Marcos Paulo , Bonacelli Maria Beatriz , Carvalho Sergio Paulino de
Published: September 2014

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Condicionantes históricos e econômicos da agroindústria canavieira paranaense: breves inferências
Authors: Queiroz Susã Sequinel de , Shikida Pery Francisco Assis , Gimenes Régio Marcio Toesca
Published: September 2014

A agroindústria canavieira paranaense teve quatro períodos distintos em sua fase evolutiva (DIAS, 2003): até 1942, “fase primitiva”; de 1942 até 1975, “expansão lenta”; de 1975 até 1990, “expansão acelerada”; e a partir de 1990, “desregulamentação setorial”. De um setor periférico aos grandes centros produtores (como de São Paulo), a produção de açúcar e álcool do Paraná alcançou status de importância nacional e regional.
Uma análise dos setores exportadores das economias brasileira e paranaense
Authors: Nakabashi Luciano , Esteves Luis , Cruz Marcio José Vargas da
Published: September 2014

O cenário internacional tem sido favorável tanto à economia brasileira, quanto à paranaense, por conta do aumento dos preços das commodities no mercado internacional, o qual tem compensado parcialmente a valorização da taxa de câmbio. Entretanto, além do menor fôlego observado no crescimento recente das exportações, a mudança de preços relativos tem gerado importantes alterações na composição das exportações, caracterizada pelo aumento da participação dos bens básicos a partir de 2006. Além disso, destaca-se o aumento da participação dos pequenos parceiros comerciais entre os receptores de bens exportados pelo Brasil, o que também tem sido observado para o caso da economia paranaense.
Revista Economia & Tecnologia (RET), Vol. 4, Nº 3 (2008)
Authors: * RET
Published: September 2014

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Análise do movimento dekassegui em Londrina (Paraná)
Authors: Cunha Rodrigo Alves da , Maia Katy
Published: September 2014

Neste artigo é desenvolvido um estudo sobre a emigração de brasileiros ao Japão com foco no caso de Londrina, no Estado do Paraná, emigração conhecida como fenômeno dekassegui. O objetivo é traçar um perfil dos dekasseguis que atualmente residem em Londrina, apresentando características como sexo, idade, atividades profissionais exercidas no Brasil e no Japão, valor poupado no Japão e investimentos no Brasil.
Interação Universidade-Empresa: o quê as universidades têm a ganhar?
Authors: Póvoa Luciano Martins Costa
Published: September 2014

A cooperação entre universidades em empresas pode gerar ganhos para ambos os agentes. Embora tenham sido estudados mais profundamente os benefícios resultantes para as empresas, também existem benefícios para as universidades. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que sugerem não só a existência de benefícios puramente acadêmicos para as universidades decorrentes da cooperação com as empresas, mas que tais benefícios surgem na maioria das vezes em que se estabelece uma cooperação.
Uma nota “conservadora” sobre o comércio internacional
Authors: Macedo e Silva Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2014

O artigo sugere que, esvaziada a bolha das ommodities verificada entre 2002 e 2008, a estrutura do comércio internacional voltará a apresentar as tendências pregressas (perda de participação dos produtos primários e ganho por parte dos produtos intensivos em tecnologia), reiterando o caráter problemático da inserção comercial de países como o Brasil.