bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors, etiology and prognostic markers in patients of young stroke: a prospective observational study
Authors: Goel Divya
Published: May 2023

Background: The rate of stroke at a young age has accelerated over the years and is a matter of true concern. Young stroke causes devastating consequences leading to loss of productive years and life time disability.
Methods: We performed an observational prospective study to identify the risk factors, etiology and prognostic markers in patients of young stroke.
Results: The study was conducted on 50 patients who were less than or equal to 50 years and have suffered ischemic stroke during the time period of 6 months i.e. from April, 2022 to September, 2022 and visited Department of Neurology, at SSB heart and multispecialty hospital, Faridabad. We found the prevalence of young stroke was significantly more in males (81%) compared to same aged female participants.
Conclusions: Maximum patients suffered young stroke were at an age group 35-45 years. We could identify that the traditional risk factors including diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia were the major risk factors compared to the lifestyle based risk factors like smoking or alcohol consumption. The young patients showed similar response to thrombolysis treatment like old stroke patients. All the patients enrolled in the study were cured. Further research is required to understand the risk factors and prognosis of young stroke.
Cortical suspensory endobutton versus aperture interference screw fixation for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring graft: a prospective study
Authors: B. Tejaswi K. , C. Satish Kumar , Patwegar Abdul Qadeer , M. Lohith
Published: May 2023

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injury is a common injury which occurs in sports with an annual incidence of 68.6% per 100,000 population. Anatomic arthroscopic reconstruction remains the main stay treatment of ACL injury. Fixation of graft is classified as direct and indirect. To compare the stability of knee joint, complications in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by aperture interference screw fixation versus suspensory device fixation in femur.
Methods: The randomized control study was conducted in department of orthopedics, The Oxford Medical College Hospital and RC from 2020-2021. 30 knees were operated, Ethical clearance taken and patient is followed up for six months.
Results: The preoperative Tegner Lysholm knee score was poor in both groups. Post-op in interference screw group, 12 patients 80% had excellent functional outcome, 3 patients 20% had good outcome. In the Endbutton group, 11 patients (73%) had excellent outcome while 4 patients (27%) had good outcome.
Conclusions: Suspensory device fixation gives equivalent results when compared to aperture screw fixation. complications of screw fixation were graft rupture cyst formation; complications of suspensory devices were loosening of graft and bungee cord effect. Hence, Both the techniques showed no statistical difference in post operative outcome.
A study of serum uric acid levels in patients with ischaemic stroke and its relation with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in a tertiary hospital in Goa: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kurdikar Samidha Utkarsh , Rukma Kolwalkar  , Abhishek Bicholkar
Published: May 2023

Background: Stroke is second leading cause of mortality worldwide1 and fifth leading cause of disability-adjusted life years in India. Multiple studies show relationship of serum uric acid levels to prognosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The present study aims to ascertain relationship of serum uric acid levels with ischaemic stroke and its co-morbidities, hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Goa. 100 admitted patients with ischaemic stroke meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Patients were evaluated for hyperuricemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The unpaired student’s t test was used for assessing association.
Results: A total of 100 patients were studied during the study period of 18 months. The mean age among males was 60.92±11.49 years and among females was 70.55±12.03 years. The mean serum uric acid levels in the patients with ischaemic stroke was 6.04±1.09 mg/dl which was significantly higher in male patients. There was a significant association between the mean serum uric acid levels and hypertension and diabetes among these patients.
Conclusions: Serum uric acid levels could be of value in identifying patients at risk of ischaemic stroke especially those with comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. Judiciously selecting drugs, which could produce a hypouricemic effect may play a role in preventing ischaemic stroke in such patients. Further prospective studies are needed to establish the role of serum uric acid in ischaemic stroke.
Recent trends in seroprevalence of syphilis in different patient groups attending a regional centre for sexually transmitted infections in central India
Authors: Datkar Radha D. , Agrawal Gopal N. , Gosavi Sonali S. , Deogade Kalindi S. , Sharma Manisha K. , Agarwal Vandana A.
Published: May 2023

Background: Easy access to Suraksha clinics for sexually transmitted infections calls for a review of seroprevalence of syphilis.
Methods: Serum samples from attendees of sexually transmitted infections (STI)/ reproductive tract infections (RTI) clinic/antenatal clinic, and samples of high-risk group (HRG: female sex workers and men having sex with men) brought by non-government organizations from 2017-22 were screened for syphilis by Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) tests. Samples positive by both tests were considered seropositive for syphilis. Statistical methods used for analysis were chi square test for linear trends and Kruskal Wallis test.
Results: In STI clinic percentage positivity for syphilis has shown a statistically significant decline from 2017-22. In RTI clinic the decline was significant from 2017-19 but not significant in the years 2019-22. In antenatal clinic and in HRGs the change in seroprevalence was not significant from 2017-22 and 2017-20 respectively. However, the HRGs showed a significantly increasing trend in syphilis seropositivity from 2020-22.
Conclusions: There is a significantly declining trend in the seroprevalence of syphilis in patients attending the STI/RTI clinic from 2017-22 and in HRGs from 2017-20. However, a significant increase in trend in HRG from 2020-22 may have been due to behavioural changes during the lockdown for covid 19 pandemic. A significant decline in syphilis in patients attending the STI and RTI clinic and in HRGs attending the regional centre indicates the effectiveness of consistent detection, treatment and counselling efforts of the national control program on STI in the region.
Rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus: key points from the COVID-19 era
Authors: Silva J. Miguel Vaz D. , Silva Fatima , Soares Sandra C.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this work was to analyse published data on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) and SARS-CoV-2 infection: susceptibility, post-infection autoimmune disease (AD) exacerbation, immunosuppressive therapies and long COVID. Supported by PICO strategy, two independent reviewers conducted the research in the PubMed/Medline database from January 2020 to June 2022 and included 16 articles on RA, 25 on MS and 12 on SLE. The quality assessment of the studies was performed using criteria from the National Institute of Health. Patients with RA or SLE had increased susceptibility to contracting SARS-CoV-2. It was higher in RA and increased with the patients’ comorbidities. For MS, susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 was similar to the general population. Post-infection AD exacerbation occurred in AR, SLE and MS with an increased number of hospitalisations and deaths. Regarding therapies, in RA the use of glucocorticoids (GC) was associated with a worsening of the infection. A more severe clinical picture was associated with anti-CD20 in SLE and with anti-CD20 and methylprednisolone in MS. Considering long COVID, RA and SLE patients had a higher risk of complications opposite to MS patients. There was a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in rheumatological diseases AR and SLE, exacerbated by age and comorbidities. For RA and MS, GC aggravated the infection and for SLE and MS anti-CD20 antibodies use. In all AD there was exacerbation and worsening of the clinical picture translated in long COVID, the latter with MS exception.
A case of telescoping of bowel during sailing
Authors: Gupta Piyush , B. K. Jani  , S. Subramaniam
Published: May 2023

Intussusceptions as an entity is more common in children than adults in whom it is almost always secondary to some associated pathology. Moreover, the presentation is subacute or chronic in nature and all classical features of intussusceptions are rarely present together that makes the diagnosis more challenging. Here we presented a case of ileo-ileal intussusception in an adult male. Obligation of early diagnosis, initial management is unique in such cases. It also focuses on importance of availability of the imaging facilities in management of acute abdomen so as to assist in timely diagnosis as well as the definitive management of intussusceptions.
Partial empty Sella syndrome in women-the significance of obstetric and lactational history
Authors: Agrohi Jhalak , Kohli Saksham , G. K. Adarsha , Sehdev Ritvik , Agrohi Daksh
Published: May 2023

Empty Sella syndrome is an uncommon condition characterized by the shrinking or flattening of the pituitary gland, resulting in the filling of the Sella turcica with cerebrospinal fluid rather than the normal pituitary gland. In this report, we present a case of undiagnosed partial empty Sella syndrome, which was found to be caused by pituitary hypophysitis with an idiopathic etiology. The patient, a middle-aged individual, presented atypically with acute adrenal insufficiency induced by a lower respiratory tract infection. The diagnosis was made following an investigative work-up that took into consideration the presence of hypotension, electrolyte imbalances, and a history of two post-partum lactational failures. Hormonal supplements were used to manage the patient conservatively, and no significant complications were observed.
Women with a history of congenital anomaly: preparation for next pregnancy
Authors: Pribadi Adhi
Published: May 2023

Congenital diseases are damaging to the fetus and have an influence on the length of pregnancy. Some congenital problems can still be fixed after birth, however the costs are significant. Prophylaxis is strongly advocated to reduce the risk of congenital abnormalities during preconception. The incidence of congenital anomalies in the first pregnancy is associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of recurrence in future pregnancies. The likelihood of recurrence is more than 24 times larger for the same type of aberration, but just 1.4 times for separate anomalies. The MTHFR-folate gene polymorphism has been related to an increased frequency of neural tube anomalies. Infectious diseases and environmental teratogens have an effect on genetic or epigenetic factors. Environmental elements that are repeated such maternal diabetes, obesity, and nutritional shortages seem to increase the incidence of fetal malformations. Alcohol, nicotine, or psychotropic drugs can all be teratogens. The promotion of contraceptive usage, optimization of weight and micronutrient status, prevention and management of infectious illnesses, birth spacing and the prevention of adolescent pregnancy, screening for and the management of chronic diseases are a few of these interventions. In conclusion, the probability of recurrence is quite high in the category of congenital defects, particularly for similar anomalies. Structural abnormalities can be decreased even further with proper planning and preparation, especially in high-risk populations. Moreover, preconception intervention have the potential to minimize congenital malformations.
An observational study to assess the Helicobacter pylori infection rates in patients with cholelithiasis
Authors: Kankaria Jeevan , Madagond Santosh , Bhat Akshita
Published: May 2023

Background: Cholelithiasis and chronic cholecystitis cholelithiasis is fairly common all around the world. Since chronic inflammation causes repeated trauma to the gallbladder mucosa and DNA damage led by high or abnormal bile acid exposure, gallstones are closely related to the development of hepatobiliary cancers. After cholecystectomy, some patients experience ongoing upper abdomen pain, which is distressing for the surgeons and raises the possibility of a concomitant upper gastrointestinal issue, which in most cases turned out to be peptic ulcer disease. Numerous studies have found various Helicobacter species in the gallbladder tissue, gallstones, and bile taken from the gallbladder. We conducted this study to assess the relationship between cholelithiasis and H. pylori infection in the stomach. Ascending infection of H. pylori from the stomach and duodenum to biliary tree may have function in development of gall stone production and hepatobiliary carcinomas.
Methods: Hospital based cross sectional observational study on patients admitted in surgical wards of SMS Hospital Jaipur for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All patients underwent UGI and gastric antral biopsy followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gastric mucosa and GB mucosa were subjected to Warthin starry silver stain for detection of H. pylori.
Results: Out of 116 patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 29 (25%) patients were positive for H. pylori infection.
Conclusions: This study shows significant positive co-relation between H. pylori infection in stomach, gall bladder to chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, which signifies gastric colonisation of H. pylori has it’s role in biliary pathologies through ascending infection, the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication therapy in preventing these pathologies need to be studied further.
A study of H. pylori infection as risk factor for the gall stone disease
Authors: Kosma Vijayalaxmi , Gole S. N. , Nirala S. L. , Siddiqui Rabia Parveen , Agrawal Sujan Narayan
Published: May 2023

Background: Gallstones are one of the widely occurring digestive/hepatobiliary disorders. Chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis or symptomatic gallbladder is a prolonged mechanical or functional disorder of abnormal gallbladder emptying.  Nearly eighty percent of the gallstones are cholesterol gallstones, and 20% are pigmented stones consisting of bilirubin and calcium, the two components present in the bile. The diagnosis is established by a variety of diagnostic tools like ultrasonography, CT scan, ERCP, liver function tests and pancreatic enzyme studies. The hypothesis of the presence of H. pylori in the biliary epithelium of the patients with hepatobiliary ailments has been sporadically investigated. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral, microaerophilic, gram-negative bacterium. There are many suggestive evidences that the DNA components of H. pylori is found in the bile, gallbladder tissue and/or cholesterol gallstones. The association of gallstones with Helicobacter pylori has been investigated by many authors, but not clearly established.
Methods: The present study is aimed to identify the Helicobacter pylori infection as a risk factor for gallstone disease. The histopathological samples of gall bladder mucosa were examined by staining with modified giemsa stain, haematoxylin, and eosin.
Results: Our study showed the presence of H. pylori in only one case which is not statistically significant. Moreover, the present study was based on H and E stains only and they should have been substantiated with immunohistochemistry and PCR studies. Thus, further studies are required to establish a causal relationship between the Helicobactor pylori infection and gallstone formation.
Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori as a risk factor for gallstones is yet to be proven.
The role of feeding jejunostomy on supportive enteral nutrition for resectable esofago-gastric junction adeno carcinoma undergoing total gastrectomy and esofago jejunostomy reconstruction: a case series
Authors: Bagus Budhi Ida
Published: May 2023

As a part of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols (ERAS), early gut feeding has been applicated in most of gastrointestinal surgery including major resection of distal esophageal and esofago-gastric junction adeno carcinoma. Early gut feeding could be applicated not only in minimally invasive procedure, but also in conventional open technique. Many enteral feeding option can be chosen as a post-operative enteral nutrition for the patients. One of them is feeding jejunostomy tube placement, we will evaluate the safety and effectivity of this enteral route on resectable esofago-gastric cancer resection. We will evaluate the clinical outcome of resectable esofago-gastric cancer patients and reconstruction, feeding jejunostomy tube has been placed as post-operative enteral route for nutrition. The patient with history of neoadjuvant therapy will be excluded. The post-operative evaluation including morbidity associated with jejunostomy tube will be recorded. We reported 4 cases, all of them had stage III esofago-gastric adeno carcinoma and conventional laparotomy technique was done. Feeding jejunostomy was tolerated well by the patients, enteral feeding can be started during the first 24 hours after surgery. No post-operative ileus and surgical site infection has been reported. Tube site infection was not found during this study. Although it still remains controversial, feeding jejunostomy tube was safe, feasible and has been tolerated well on esofago-gastric cancer patients undergoing resection and reconstruction.
Carcinosarcoma of pancreas: an unusual pancreatic tumour: case report
Authors: A. Anandi , P. A. Praveen , R. Rani Suganya
Published: May 2023

Carcinosarcoma of pancreas is a rare tumour with limited clinical and pathological data reported in literature. Although carcinosarcoma predominantly found in uterus, it has been identified in breast, liver, prostate, kidney, salivary glands and pancreas.  Carcinosarcoma is a biphasic tumour with epithelial and mesenchymal components. About less than 40 cases had been reported in literature. The treatment of choice in most reported cases is surgery. Given such rarity, we report a case of pancreatic carcinosarcoma diagnosed in our institution, review tumour clinicopathological characteristics, and describe our surgical and medical management strategy.
Gall bladder stump cholelithiasis: a rare presentation
Authors: Prabha Om  , Gupta Nidhi , Amit Jain  , Jagram Meena
Published: May 2023

Laparascopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the removal of a diseased gall bladder which has largely replaced open cholecystectomy since early 1990s. However some exhibit a certain ‘post cholecystectomy syndrome’ where there is a recurrence of symptoms similar to those before cholecystectomy. We reported a previously asymptomatic thirty eight year old woman with right hypochondrium pain and a history of laparascopic cholecystectomy seven years ago. Various causes for the same were evaluated and the patient was found to have gall bladder stump cholelithiasis on magnetic resonance cholangio pancreatography. A complete cholecystectomy was then performed and the patient achieved symptomatic resolution. It is important to be aware of this complication in post cholecystectomy patients who may present several years later.
Metanephric adenoma of kidney: a rare case report
Authors: Ghosh Sandeep , Joseph Bonny , Desai Sanjay M. , Singh Soumya , Ghosh Saurav
Published: May 2023

Metanephric adenoma is a rare benign neoplasm of kidney and is usually a differential diagnosis of Wilms tumor (in children) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (in adults). Here, we present a case report of a 40-year-old gentleman with a right renal mass that was ultimately diagnosed by immunohistochemistry of the final specimen after surgery to be a metanephric adenoma. To prevent needless radical nephrectomies in middle-aged patients metanephric adenoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal mass.
Evaluation of functional results of different treatment modalities in Intra- articular fracture of distal end of radius in adults at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Singh Snigdha , Naik Avinash , Pandey Meenakshi , Panda Nishant , Das Shakti Prasad
Published: May 2023

Fractures of the distal radius (DRF) are the most common orthopedic injuries: one out of every six fractures presented at emergency department is a distal radius fracture. Almost two-thirds of these fractures are displaced and need to be reduced. Epidemiological studies point out that the age rate curve is bimodal and that the highest incidences are found in children and the elderly. DRF constitute 14% of all extremity injuries. They occur as a result of high or low energy trauma resulting in significant injury and impairment of function of the upper extremity. Randomized controlled trial has been attempted to scrutinize the best method for treating DRF, ranging from methods of conservative treatment to advanced strategies of plate osteo-synthesis.

124 Patients with 126 intra-articular distal radius fractures were studied, who met with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria at Department of Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar from 1st October 2017 to 30th September 2019. They underwent different treatment interventions. The cases were followed for 12 months at regular intervals for serial clinical & radiological evaluation. Functional grading and pain scoring was done for different treatment modalities. Radiological grading was made based on union/ non-union of fracture.

Majority with wrist fracture were of age 20-40 years followed by the age group 61-80 years. Grip strength was reported better in surgical group(79.2%). Mode of treatment is statistically significant with Palmar flexion (p = 0.015), Supination (p=0.025) and Pronation (p<0.001) of wrist post surgical treatment. Plating group experience significantl less pain (p=0.012). Mean function score for surgical group is 19.8.

The impetus for the inclination towards treatment of wrist fracture by surgery, mainly plating method, stands multifactorial and might bring better outcomes in terms of range and degree of movement, expedited recovery, lower chances of malunion and in a way, better prognosis and quality of life in case of DRF.
Case report of bilateral hip arthritis secondary to failed SCFE treatment
Authors: Sulepetkar Sachin , Patil Alok C
Published: May 2023

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a disorder of the adolescent hip. SCFE is characterized by disruption of the proximal femoral physis, leading to the femoral metaphysis displacing anteriorly and externally rotating in relation to the epiphysis. The morphological abnormality created by this condition predisposes the hip to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) which may lead to increased contact stresses within the hip joint, joint degeneration and arthrosis at a relatively young age. We present a case of 25 years male with bilateral grade 4 hip arthritis with history of failed surgery for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Treated with bilateral uncemented total hip arthroplasty.

At the end of 3 months patient was limp free, able to sit on chair comfortably, no difficulty in using stairs with an improvement of modified harris hip score from 35 to 97.

Good functional outcome is achieved in cased of neglected or failed SCFE presenting as a case of secondary hip arthritis. Total hip replacement is ideal method of treatment in such cases.
Concentrated bone marrow aspirate and application for the treatment of osteochondral lesion and outcome
Authors: Sirsat Prashik , Tapadiya Dwarkadas G , Hajgude Gitkumar , Shelke Uddhav
Published: May 2023

As osteochondral defects heal spontaneously or as a result of marrow stimulation, a bone marrow clot develops inside the cartilage defect. In the clot-filled defect, MSCs from the subchondral bone move in, develop into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and eventually create a repair tissue. It is believed that applying a bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to marrow stimulation will improve cartilage repair since it may serve as a source of growth factors that promote both chondrogenesis and cartilage repair. Furthermore, the BMA clot offers a three-dimensional environment that may help chondrogenesis even more while safeguarding the subchondral bone from structural changes. In this treatment, bone marrow aspirate concentrated cells (BMAC), hyaluronic acid, and fibrin gel are applied after microfracture. The surgical procedure involved debridement of the lesion, microfracture, and application of concentrated BMAC with HA and fibrin gel.
Unusually large number of gall stones removed through laparoscopic cholecystectomy from a single patient- A case report
Authors: Maheshwari Aradhita , Shah Bimal
Published: May 2023

Gallstone disease is characterized by the formation of calculi in the gall bladder or the biliary tract. It may be asymptomatic or present as biliary colic or with complicated disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic gall stones. We describe a case of Gallstone disease in a 43-year-old female, where over seven thousand stones were removed through a Laparoscopic procedure.
Stability of neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in eyes with capsular tension rings
Authors: Cho Yang Kyung ,   Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
Published: May 2023

AIM: To evaluate the stability of neodymium (Nd):YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in eyes with capsular tension rings (CTRs).
METHODS: A total of 60 eyes that underwent cataract surgery and laser posterior capsulotomy postoperatively were included in this retrospective cohort study. To evaluate the safety and stability of capsulotomy, changes in the size of posterior capsulotomy and anterior chamber depth (ACD) in three groups: the group without CTR, the group with 12 mm CTRs, and the group with 13 mm CTRs, at 1wk, 3, 12, and 15mo after capsulotomy, were compared.
RESULTS: In the group without CTR and the group with 12 mm CTR, there was no significant change in ACD at every post-laser follow-up. In the group with 13 mm CTR, the ACD change was significant until 3mo after capsulotomy. In all groups, there was a significant increase in the area of capsulotomy between 1wk and 3mo post-laser. Between 3 and 12mo post-laser, only the group with 13 mm CTR showed a significant increase in the area of capsulotomy (P<0.01).
CONCLUSION: Laser posterior capsulotomy is safe in all three groups. The capsulotomy and ACD become stabilized and have not shown significant changes since 1y post-laser, even with larger CTRs. The maintenance of centrifugal capsular tension can last longer with larger CTRs, and the stability of the capsulotomy site can be reached about 12mo after capsulotomy in pseudophakic eyes with larger CTRs.
Volumetric fluid analysis of fixed monthly anti-VEGF treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kim Bo Hee ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea, Yu Hyeong Gon , Hong In Hwan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Retina Center, Sky Eye Institute, Seoul 06536, Republic of Korea,   Department of Ophthalmology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18450, Republic of Korea
Published: May 2023

AIM: To evaluate visual outcomes and changes in fluid after administering monthly anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with subretinal fluid (SRF) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED).
METHODS: This prospective study included eyes with nAMD previously treated with as-needed anti-VEGF injections. The patients were treated with six monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. Quantitative volumetric segmentation analyses of the SRF and PED were performed. The main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and SRF and PED volumes.
RESULTS: Twenty eyes of 20 patients were included in this study. At the 6-month follow-up, BCVA and PED volume did not change significantly (P=0.110 and 0.999, respectively) but the mean SRF volume decreased from 0.53±0.82 mm3 at baseline to 0.08±0.23 mm3 (P=0.002). The absorption rate of the SRF volume was negatively correlated with the duration of previous anti-VEGF treatment (P=0.029). Seven of the 20 eyes (35%) showed a fluid-free macula and significant improvement in BCVA (P=0.036) by month 6.
CONCLUSION: Quantifying the SRF can precisely determine the patient’s responsiveness to anti-VEGF treatment of nAMD.
Chronic hypotony management using endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy after severe ocular trauma or vitrectomy
Authors: Yu Yong-Zhen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China; Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China, Chen Xuan-Ge , Zhang Chu , Yu Yang-Yang , Zhang Meng-Yi , Zou Yu-Ping ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China; Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
Published: May 2023

AIM: To report outcomes of endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy (EAV) in patients with chronic hypotony following severe ocular trauma or vitrectomy.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, noncomparative case series. Ciliary bodies were evaluated using ultrasound biomicroscopy pre-operatively and direct visualisation intraoperatively. All selected individuals (seven patients/seven eyes) underwent EAV. Removal of ciliary membrane and traction, gas/silicone oil tamponade (GT/SOT), and scleral buckling (SB) were performed in selected eyes. Outcome measurements mainly included intraocular pressure (IOP) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
RESULTS: Seven eyes from 7 male aphakic patients with a mean age of 45 (range, 20-68)y were included in this study; the average follow-up time was 12 (9-15)mo. GT was performed in 2 eyes; membrane peeling (MP) and SOT in 2 eyes; and MP, SOT, and SB in 3 eyes. The mean pre- and post-operative IOP were 4.5 (range, 4.0±0.11 to 4.8±0.2) mm Hg and 9.9 (range, 5.6±0.17 to 12.1±0.2) mm Hg at 52wk (12mo), respectively. BCVA improved in six eyes; one eye still showed light perception, and no bulbi phthisis was observed.
CONCLUSION: Endoscopy offers improved judgment and recognition and has an improved prognosis for chronic hypotony. Therefore, endoscopy can be an effective and promising operative technique for chronic traumatic hypotony management.
Uncorrected refractive errors are important causes of avoidable visual impairment in Hungary: re-evaluation of two existing national data sets
Authors: Németh János ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary, Sándor Gábor László , Keve Hajnalka , Szabó Dorottya , Tóth Gábor , Dankovics Gergely , Barna István , Limburg Hans , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary,   Department of Ophthalmology, Petz Aladár Hospital, Györ 9024, Hungary,   Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary,   Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary,   Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary, Szentendre 2000, Hungary,   Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary, Szentendre 2000, Hungary; Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary,   Health Information Services, Grootebroek 1613, The Netherlands,   Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
Published: May 2023

AIM: To review existing data for the prevalence of corrected, uncorrected, and inadequately corrected refractive errors and spectacle wear in Hungary.
METHODS: Data from two nationwide cross-sectional studies were analysed. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness study collected population-based representative national data on the prevalence of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors and spectacle coverage in 3523 people aged ≥50y (Group I). The Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary provided data on the use of spectacles in 80 290 people aged ≥18y (Group II).
RESULTS: In Group I, almost half of the survey population showed refractive errors for distant vision, about 10% of which were uncorrected (3.2% of all male participants and 5.0% of females). The distance spectacle coverage was 90.7% (91.9% in males; 90.2% in females). The proportion of inadequate distance spectacles was found to be 33.1%. Uncorrected presbyopia was found in 15.7% of participants. In all age groups (Group II), 65.4% of females and 56.0% of males used distance spectacles, and approximately 28.9% of these spectacles were found to be inappropriate for dioptric power (with 0.5 dioptres or more). The prevalence of inaccurate distance spectacles was significantly higher in older age groups (71y and above) in both sexes.
CONCLUSION: According to this population-based data, uncorrected refractive errors are not rare in Hungary. Despite recent national initiatives, further steps are required to reduce uncorrected refractive errors and associated negative effects on vision, such as avoidable visual impairment.
Posterior choroidal leiomyoma: new findings from a case and literature review
Authors: Pan Yi-Ji ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China, Chen Bin , He Tao ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China,   Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
Published: May 2023

Posterior choroidal leiomyoma is a sporadic, rare benign tumor that is always confused with anaplastic melanoma. Here we report a case and provide a review. Most of the preoperative findings in our case were suggestive of malignant choroidal melanoma. However, the contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) suggested a benign hemangioma. In summary, the posterior choroidal leiomyomas were yellowish-white in color and most commonly located in the temporal quadrant of the fundus (11/15). They were more frequent in Asians (13/16), the prevalence was almost equal in males and females (9:7), with a mean age of 35y. Microscopically, the tumor typically showed spindle cell bundles and nonmitotic ovoid nuclei arranged in intersecting fascicles. Vitrectomy is now a popular treatment option and definitive diagnosis can be made after immunohistochemistry. Finally, some summarized features of this tumor differ from those previously described. These may help in the diagnosis of posterior choroidal leiomyoma and differentiation from malignant melanoma.
Análise de regime permanente em sistemas de cogeração fotovoltaica interconectada com rede elétrica monofásica
Authors: Meira Marcos Cavalcante , Nascimento Franklin Hebert Silva do , Melo Arthur Aprígio de , Oliveira Rafael Carvalho , Araújo Tiago Barros Pinheiro , Silva Filho Luiz Januário Torres da
Published: May 2023

Este artigo apresenta a análise de regime permanente em sistemas de cogeração PV interconectada com uma rede elétrica monofásica, na qual são geradas equações matemáticas, que ao serem implementadas no software MatLab®, produzem curvas características que mostram os pontos críticos de operação e as faixas mais convenientes da corrente, tensão e potência elétrica, permitindo assim o dimensionamento do conversor CC/CA situado entre a cogeração e uma carga linear indutivo-resistiva.
International Trade and Imperial Precursors: The Evolution of a New Nigerian Economy in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: Abdulyakeen Abdulrasheed , Muktar Abdullahi Isma’eel
Published: May 2023

Capitalism has perpetuated class antagonism which breeds dissatisfaction amongst people in a bid to seek equality and justice in the distribution of power and economic resources. This study analyses International Trade and Imperial Precursors into the New Nigerian Economy in the 19th and 20th Century. Using data generated from secondary sources and descriptive analysis, it has been realized that the Nigerian economic elite play negative role in the economic dependency processes of the country. Finding also reveals that, Government policies in Nigeria are foreign oriented in nature, therefore, favoring foreign western economies at the detriment of Nigerian interest. The study conclude that there is a need to channel our energies to producing for internal needs and consumptions but these calls for a change in the values of principle of the indigenes, there are far too many acts of indiscipline and self–indulgence on the part of the generality of our people in all the starter of our society.
Short-Term Inflation Forecasting in the Russian Economy
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of the National Economy and Public Administration, Perevyshin Yuri N.
Published: May 2023

This study using VECM methodology constructs a model of the Russian economy from 2010 through 2022 across four variables: consumer price index, ruble exchange rate against the US dollar, consumer demand, and the RUONIA interest rate. A short-term inflation forecast through the end of 2022, which predicts that annual inflation will drop to 10.1 % by December 2022, is arrived at based on this model. The model is then applied to determine the contribution to March inflation from the price shock that was not attributable to the dynamics of the fundamental variables. The point estimate of the shock came to 6.6% of the 7.4% seasonally adjusted March inflation, and this implies that about 89% of the inflation surge was due to one-off factors (logistics, switching to other suppliers, etc.). The accuracy of the VECM model forecast in the current economic situation (high inflation volatility) turns out to be higher than the accuracy of univariate benchmark models over a horizon of one to three months. Forecasts derived from the proposed VECM model applied to vintage data for the period from December 2021 to June 2022 turned out to be close to the consensus forecasts of analysts and the Bank of Russia, which had been based on a comparable information set. The forecasts constructed with the model project a significant slowdown in inflation based on data starting from April, an outcome which explains the rapid key rate cut by the Bank of Russia from 20% in early April to 8% by the end of July. Even when inflationary trends are rapidly changing, the proposed factor model facilitates prompt and relatively accurate short-term inflation forecasts, which can be used to inform monetary policy choices
Delitos y violencias que se generan con el uso malicioso en las redes sociales en niños, niñas y adolescentes. Laura Mariela Bazán
Authors: Feludero Ricardo Daniel
Published: May 2023

“Delitos y violencias que se generan con el uso malicioso en las redes sociales en niños, niñas y adolescentes”, es el primer trabajo de Laura Mariela Bazán, con el cual alcanzó su título de grado como Licenciada en Seguridad Ciudadana en la Universidad Nacional de Lanús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Es un libro que desde su titulación nos invita a introducirnos en un campo problemático de mucha actualidad como son las redes sociales, pero que en simultáneo plantea una interrogante: ¿cuánto sabemos de las violencias que en ellas se desarrollan y, sobre todo, de aquellas que atentan contra el bienestar de niños, niñas y adolescentes?
Volumetric Evaluation of Maxillary and Frontal Sinuses in 9–14 year old children — A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Pilot Study
Authors: Kalaskar Ritesh , Ijalkar Rajesh , Kalaskar Ashita
Published: May 2023

Context: Literature sums up numerous advantages of volumetric evaluation of maxillary and frontal sinuses in the field of pathology and forensic sciences. However, studies involving paediatric age groups are scarce. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the volumes of maxillary and frontal sinuses in children aged 9–14 years of age and establish a correlation, if any, between the volumes and the age and sex of the children. Settings and Design: A retrospective study. Materials and Methods: Volumetric measurements of the maxillary and frontal sinuses were conducted on CBCT scans of 30 children aged 9-14 years, divided into three groups, those aged 9–10 years in group A, 11-12 years in group B, and 13-14 years in group C. Statistical Analysis Used: One way ANOVA test to compare the sinus volumes within the groups and unpaired t-test to compare the difference in the volumes in males and females as well as between right and left maxillary sinuses were used. Results: The mean values of the volumes of the right and left maxillary, total maxillary, and frontal sinuses in Group A were 8.4940±1.1966 cm3, 8.3774±1.2047 cm3, 16.8714±2.1212 cm3, and 2.1903±0.8870 cm3; in Group B were 8.7553±0.9067 cm3, 8.3937±1.1461 cm3, 17.1490±1.5732 cm3, and 3.0469±1.5907 cm3; and in Group C were 11.9895±2.230 cm3, 12.6164±1.6797 cm3, 24.6059±4.38536 cm3, and 7.6546±1.7763 cm3, respectively. The difference in the values among all three age groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the values between males and females or between the right and left maxillary sinuses. Conclusion: The study provides volumetric data of maxillary and frontal sinuses in paediatric age groups and proposes a correlation of the volumes with the age of the children.
Evaluation of Frontal Sinus Morphology in Gender Determination by Using PNS View in U.P. Population: A Radiomorphometric Study
Authors: Shah Sumeet
Published: May 2023

Background: The importance of frontal sinuses in Forensic Radiology has been well documented. Literature revealed few studies on the morphometric analysis of frontal sinuses on paranasal radiographs in sex determination. This initiated this radiographic study with the aim of analysing the dimensions of the frontal sinuses through digital PNS radiographs for gender determination. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 150 healthy adults of either gender over the age of 20 years. One paranasal sinus radiograph was made for each patient using the standardized radiographic technique. Digital measurements of the height, width and area of the frontal sinuses were recorded using AutoCAD 2014 software. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: This study found an accuracy rate of 68.6% for sex determination through paranasal sinus radiographs. It was noted that the right height of the frontal sinus was a better predictor than any other parameter assessed for identifying the gender. Conclusion: From the present study, we conclude that the dimensions of frontal sinuses on PNS views can be used as an essential tool for gender determination in forensic sciences.
Dental Age Estimation in HIV-infected Children Using Willems Method
Authors: Paknahad Maryam , Garmabi Javad , Shokufan Hosseini Heravi Seyedeh , Pakshir Hamidreza , Omidi Mahsa
Published: May 2023

Objective: HIV patients differ from other people in terms of dental age. Estimating the age of children abandoned due to HIV is crucial for forensic records. The present study aimed to compare HIV-infected children with healthy controls in terms of dental age using the Willems method. Methods: The study sample consisted of orthopantomograms of 40 HIV patients aged 5-16 years and 50 children aged 6-16 years as the control group. The HIV group included children with vertical infections who had received antiretroviral therapy. The Willems method was used to compare two groups in terms of dental age. Results: Dental age estimation in both HIV and control groups was overestimated using the Willems method. Nevertheless, the overestimation rate was approximately one month in the control group and less than two months in the HIV group, making the method widely applicable for estimating dental age in both healthy children and HIV patients. The dental age of the HIV-infected children was lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: This study indicated a lower dental age in the HIV-infected children compared to the control group. The results demonstrated that dental age estimation using Willems method closely approximated the chronological age of HIV patients.
COVID-19 Vaccine Tracking Geospatial Application using GIS and GPS
Authors: Puttinaovarat Supattra , Kongcharoen Jinda , Pruitikanee Siwipa , Saeliw Aekarat , Khaimook Kanit
Published: May 2023

One of the problems in addressing the COVID -19 epidemic is that the coverage of COVID -19 vaccination data in each area cannot be immediately displayed. In addition, the COVID-19 vaccination data presented do not include spatial data, which means that the data cannot be used for decision making to address the problem. Although COVID -19 vaccination data are presented through digital platforms. However, a current limitation is that the platforms used to manipulate COVID-19 vaccination data have not supported real-time data manipulation, data processing, or spatial data visualization. As a result, the distribution of vaccinated individuals in each area cannot be tracked. Therefore, this research developed a geospatial data application for real-time data processing and visualization of COVID -19 vaccination using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) for data processing to plan and support decision making by people and officials so that COVID -19 operations can be conducted efficiently and data collection time can be reduced. The software used to develop this platform includes PHP, MySQL, Google Maps API and Leaflet. The results show that the developed platform can be used to monitor and track vaccination data in real time COVID-19.
Automated Identification and Reconstruction of 3D Images on the Mastoid Air Cell System
Authors: Arlis Syafri , Defit Sarjon , Sumijan Sumijan
Published: May 2023

The mastoid air cell system (MACS) protects the structures in the ear and regulates air pressure in the ear cavity. MACS segmentation is very difficult because of the many overlapping object characteristics in the temporal bone. This study aims to accurately identify and measure MACS areas from CT-scan images of mastoiditis patients. The data tested consisted of 128 CT images from 13 different patients. Images were taken using the Siemens SOMATOM Perspective CT Scanner model 10662260 axially. The extended Adaptive Threshold (eAT) method was developed to produce optimal threshold values for each test image. Furthermore, the eAT results are used to convert the test image into a binary image and then applied to the identification and extraction model automatically for reconstruction from 2D to 3D images. Smaller MACS sizes indicate inflammation of the mastoid bone and require intensive care. Thus, this research can be used to help doctors make the right decisions in carrying out further medical actions.