bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defying the Demos: Antidemocratic Thought in the United States, 1930–1950
Authors: MCPHEE-BROWNE ALEX
Published: September 2024

During the 1930s and 1940s, a group of right-wing intellectuals, sparked by the New Deal, mounted a sustained critique of American democracy and inherited democratic principles. Believing that the progressive democratization of the state had resulted in a decadent, inefficient and morally coarse society, they attacked democracy as the root cause of the nation's problems. Examining the reactionary conservative, libertarian and fascist critiques of democracy, this article suggests that each borrowed ideas from the other, and that their beliefs in autocratic rule or a broadly countermajoritarian politics have not been adequately studied by scholars.
Effect of the magnetic field strength on the argon plasma characteristics of a helicon plasma source with a two-turn flat-loop antenna
Authors: Seto Takumi , Ezumi Naomichi , Miyauchi Reina , Okamoto Takuma , Takahashi Satoshi , Takanashi Kosuke , Kouno Keishi , Kawahara Hiroto , Hirata Mafumi , Kohagura Junko , Togo Satoshi , Sakamoto Mizuki , Furukawa Takeru , Shinohara Shunjiro
Published: September 2024

New plasma applications in advanced fields, such as fundamental nuclear fusion research, require high-density, large-diameter plasma with a strong and non-uniform magnetic field. A helicon plasma (HP) source using a flat-type antenna is expected to be one of the promising methods for such applications. In this study, we developed an HP source with a two-turn flat-loop antenna connected to a 30 kW radio frequency power supply in the Compact Test Plasma device. In the argon plasma generation experiment with various magnetic fields, HP generation was observed for the first time in this device. The electron density was calculated from the dispersion relation with the magnetic field strength at 45 cm from the antenna surface, assuming a fundamental radial mode and an azimuthal mode of

$m=0$

. The electron density expected from the experimental result was approximately in the same range as the calculation result by a factor of 2.3 to 3.5. In addition, the magnetic field strength and shape around the antenna are important factors in the plasma properties. This plasma source has been installed in the pilot GAMMA PDX-SC, which is under development for nuclear plasma research, and it contributes to the study of the HP generation process.
A numerical study of gravity-driven instability in strongly coupled dusty plasma. Part 3. Homo-interaction between a pair of rising/falling bubbles/droplets
Authors: Dharodi Vikram S.
Published: September 2024

A numerical study of the homo-interactions between two falling droplets and between two rising bubbles in a strongly coupled dusty plasma medium is presented in this article. The strongly coupled dusty plasma is considered as a viscoelastic fluid using the generalized hydrodynamic fluid model formalism. Two factors that affect homo-interactions are taken into account: the initial spacing and the coupling strength of the medium. Three different spacings between two droplets are simulated: widely, medium and closely. In each case, the coupling strength has been given as mild–strong and strong. It is shown that the overall dynamic is governed by the competition between the acceleration of two droplets/bubbles due to gravity and the interaction due to the closeness of the droplets/bubbles. Particularly in viscoelastic fluids, apart from the initial separation, shear waves originating from rotating vortices are responsible for the closeness of two droplets or bubbles. Several two-dimensional simulations have been carried out. This work is a continuation of the work done in Parts 1 (Dharodi & Das, J. Plasma Phys., vol. 87, issue 2, 2021, 905870216) and 2 (Dharodi, J. Plasma Phys., vol. 87, issue 4, 2021, 905870402).
Configuring possibilities: day programmes for people living with dementia as technologies in practice
Authors: Symonds-Brown Holly , Ceci Christine , Duggleby Wendy
Published: September 2024

There is a need for new imaginaries of care and social health for people living with dementia at home. Day programmes are one ‘care in the community’ solution that requires further theorisation to ensure that its empirical base can usefully guide policy. In this paper we contribute to theorising day programmes through an ethnographic case study of one woman living with dementia at home using a day programme. We collected data through observations, interviews and artefacts. We observed Peg, whose case story is central in this paper, over 9 months for a total of 61 hours at the day programme, as well as during 16 hours of observation at her home and 2 community outings. We use a material semiotic approach to thinking about the day programme as a health ‘technology in practice’ to challenge the taken-for-granted ideas of day programmes as neutral, stable, bounded spaces. Peg’s case story is illustrative of how a day programme and its scripts come into relation with an arrangement of family care and life at home with dementia. At times the configuration of this arrangement works to provide a sort of stabilising distribution of care and space to allow Peg and her family to go on in the day-to-day life with dementia. At other times the arrangement may create limits to the care made possible. We argue that how we conceptualise and study day programmes and their relations to home and the broader care infrastructure affects the possibilities of care they can enact.
A novel type of parallel manipulator with flexible morphing platform
Authors: Chen Zhengtao , Wang Yanjun , Liang Zhenkun , Chen Genliang , Wang Hao
Published: September 2024

Parallel manipulators with flexible morphing platform (FMP) provide potential solution in various application fields, such as shape-morphing underwater robot, deformable wings, and human–machine interfaces. However, there is still lack of effective approach for the design and analysis of such novel type of parallel manipulator. In this article, a 9-UPS redundant actuation parallel manipulator with flexible morphing moving platform is designed as a representative of this kind of manipulator. Correspondingly, a deformation estimation and shape control approach for the FMP is presented. The proposed deformation estimation approach is designed based on the bending energy, which can achieve high calculation efficiency and avoid complex mechanical definition and calculation. And the proposed shape control approach is realized by utilizing a nonrigid ICP match algorithm, which can continuously deform the morphing platform to an arbitrary target surface. A prototype of the 9-UPS parallel manipulator is fabricated and analyzed as verification. The experiment results show that the proposed approach offers a promising avenue for the deformation estimation and shape control of the morphing platform.
Associations between shared book reading, daily screen time and infants’ vocabulary size
Authors: Rosslund Audun , Kartushina Natalia , Mayor Julien
Published: September 2024

In the current pre-registered study, we examined the associations between shared book reading, daily screen time, and vocabulary size in 1,442 12- and 24-month-old Norwegian infants. Our results demonstrate a positive association between shared reading and vocabulary in both age groups, and a negative association between screen time and vocabulary in 24-month-olds. Exploratory analyses revealed that the positive relationship between shared reading and expressive vocabulary in 12-month-olds was stronger in lower SES groups, suggesting that shared reading may act as a compensatory mechanism attenuating potentially impoverished learning environment and parent-infant interactions in low-SES families.
Centralisers of linear growth automorphisms of free groups
Authors: ANDREW NAOMI , MARTINO ARMANDO
Published: September 2024

In this note we investigate the centraliser of a linearly growing element of
$\mathrm{Out}(F_n)$
(that is, a root of a Dehn twist automorphism), and show that it has a finite index subgroup mapping onto a direct product of certain “equivariant McCool groups” with kernel a finitely generated free abelian group. In particular, this allows us to show it is VF and hence finitely presented.
The full rank condition for sparse random matrices
Authors: Coja-Oghlan Amin , Gao Pu , Hahn-Klimroth Max , Lee Joon , Müller Noela , Rolvien Maurice
Published: September 2024

We derive a sufficient condition for a sparse random matrix with given numbers of non-zero entries in the rows and columns having full row rank. The result covers both matrices over finite fields with independent non-zero entries and
$\{0,1\}$
-matrices over the rationals. The sufficient condition is generally necessary as well.
The List-Ramsey threshold for families of graphs
Authors: Kuperwasser Eden , Samotij Wojciech
Published: September 2024

Given a family of graphs
$\mathcal{F}$
and an integer
$r$
, we say that a graph is
$r$
-Ramsey for
$\mathcal{F}$
if any
$r$
-colouring of its edges admits a monochromatic copy of a graph from
$\mathcal{F}$
. The threshold for the classic Ramsey property, where
$\mathcal{F}$
consists of one graph, in the binomial random graph was located in the celebrated work of Rödl and Ruciński.

In this paper, we offer a twofold generalisation to the Rödl–Ruciński theorem. First, we show that the list-colouring version of the property has the same threshold. Second, we extend this result to finite families
$\mathcal{F}$
, where the threshold statements might also diverge. This also confirms further special cases of the Kohayakawa–Kreuter conjecture. Along the way, we supply a short(-ish), self-contained proof of the
$0$
-statement of the Rödl–Ruciński theorem.
Emerging trends: a gentle introduction to RAG
Authors: Church Kenneth Ward , Sun Jiameng , Yue Richard , Vickers Peter , Saba Walid , Chandrasekar Raman
Published: September 2024

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) adds a simple but powerful feature to chatbots, the ability to upload files just-in-time. Chatbots are trained on large quantities of public data. The ability to upload files just-in-time makes it possible to reduce hallucinations by filling in gaps in the knowledge base that go beyond the public training data such as private data and recent events. For example, in a customer service scenario, with RAG, we can upload your private bill and then the bot can discuss questions about your bill as opposed to generic FAQ questions about bills in general. This tutorial will show how to upload files and generate responses to prompts; see https://github.com/kwchurch/RAG for multiple solutions based on tools from OpenAI, LangChain, HuggingFace transformers and VecML.
Psychometric and adherence considerations for high-frequency, smartphone-based cognitive screening protocols in older adults
Authors: Thompson Louisa I. , De Vito Alyssa N. , Kunicki Zachary J. , Emrani Sheina , Strenger Jennifer , Nester Caroline , Harrington Karra D. , Roque Nelson , Manoocheri Masood , Salloway Stephen , Correia Stephen , Jones Richard N. , Sliwinski Martin J.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

The psychometric rigor of unsupervised, smartphone-based assessments and factors that impact remote protocol engagement is critical to evaluate prior to the use of such methods in clinical contexts. We evaluated the validity of a high-frequency, smartphone-based cognitive assessment protocol, including examining convergence and divergence with standard cognitive tests, and investigating factors that may impact adherence and performance (i.e., time of day and anticipated receipt of feedback vs. no feedback).

Methods:

Cognitively unimpaired participants (N = 120, Mage = 68.8, 68.3% female, 87% White, Meducation = 16.5 years) completed 8 consecutive days of the Mobile Monitoring of Cognitive Change (M2C2), a mobile app-based testing platform, with brief morning, afternoon, and evening sessions. Tasks included measures of working memory, processing speed, and episodic memory. Traditional neuropsychological assessments included measures from the Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite battery.

Results:

Findings showed overall high compliance (89.3%) across M2C2 sessions. Average compliance by time of day ranged from 90.2% for morning sessions, to 77.9% for afternoon sessions, and 84.4% for evening sessions. There was evidence of faster reaction time and among participants who expected to receive performance feedback. We observed excellent convergent and divergent validity in our comparison of M2C2 tasks and traditional neuropsychological assessments.

Conclusions:

This study supports the validity and reliability of self-administered, high-frequency cognitive assessment via smartphones in older adults. Insights into factors affecting adherence, performance, and protocol implementation are discussed.
Flexible functional adaptation of selective attention in bilingualism
Authors: Phelps Jacqueline , Bozic Mirjana
Published: September 2024

We tested how the bilingual processing system adapts to high attentional processing loads, using a dual selective attention task. We also tested how this adaptation changes with maturation, by comparing the performance of monolingual and bilingual children and adults. Results showed equivalent performance on aspects of the dual attention task (auditory comprehension and visual task accuracy) for monolinguals and bilinguals in both age groups. Reaction times from the visual task however revealed differences between groups, with bilingual children's responses significantly slower relative to monolingual children under high processing load, but the bilingual adults' performance equivalent to their monolingual counterparts. The results suggest that the adaptation of bilingual selective attention changes with maturation: high attentional processing demands lead to economising of the available attentional capacity and task prioritisation in children, but these effects recede as the attentional system fully matures, resulting in consistent optimal performance across elements of multiple tasks in bilinguals.
The subject advantage in LIS internally headed relative clauses: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Fornasiero Elena , Hauser Charlotte , Branchini Chiara
Published: September 2024

The scarce literature on the processing of internally headed relative clauses (IHRCs) seems to challenge the universality of the subject advantage (e.g., Lau & Tanaka [2021, Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 6(1), 34], for spoken languages; Hauser et al. [2021, Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 6(1), 72], for sign languages). In this study, we investigate the comprehension of subject and object IHRCs in Italian Sign Language (LIS) deaf native and non-native signers, and hearing LIS/Italian CODAs (children of deaf adults). We use the eye-tracking Visual-only World Paradigm (Hauser & Pozniak [2019, Poster presented at the AMLAP 2019 conference]) recording online and offline responses. Results show that a subject advantage is detected in the online and offline responses of CODAs and in the offline responses of deaf native signers. Results also reveal a higher rate of accuracy in CODAs' responses. We discuss the difference in performance between the two populations in the light of bilingualism-related cognitive advantages, and lack of proper educational training in Italian and LIS for the deaf population in Italy.
Acquiring morphology through adolescence in Spanish as a heritage language: The case of subjunctive mood
Authors: Thane Patrick D.
Published: September 2024

The present study tested Spanish heritage speakers' (HSs') production and selection of subjunctive mood in volitional clauses. Four groups participated to expose the effects of age on subjunctive acquisition: Spanish-dominant bilingual adults (SDBA; n = 18), HSs in fifth grade (HS5; n = 41), HSs in seventh/eighth grades (HS7/8; n = 34) and HS adults (HSA; n = 34). SDBAs produced and selected the subjunctive more than HS groups. There were no differences in production and selection between the HS7/8 and HSA groups, both of whom produced and selected subjunctive mood more frequently than the HS5 group. These results point toward protracted heritage language development. HSs selected the subjunctive more than they produced it, supporting theories that dissociate between mapping forms onto morphology and underlying syntactic competence. Finally, proficiency and frequency of use modulated individual variability between HSs. Results are addressed relative to incomplete acquisition, protracted development and feature reassembly.
The need for a broad perspective when assessing value-for-money for out-of-hours primary care
Authors: Phiri Jane , Morreel Stefan , De Graeve Diana , Philips Hilde , Beutels Philippe , Verhoeven Veronique , Willem Lander
Published: September 2024

Background:

Out-of-hours primary care (OOH-PC) has emerged as a promising solution to improve efficiency, accessibility, and quality of care and to reduce the strain on emergency departments. As this modality gains traction in diverse healthcare settings, it is increasingly important to fully assess its societal value-for-money and conduct thorough process evaluations. However, current economic evaluations mostly emphasise direct- and short-term effect measures, thus lacking a broader societal perspective.

Aim:

This study offers a comprehensive overview of current effect measures in OOH-PC evaluations and proposes additional measures from the evaluation of integrated care programmes.

Approach and Development:

First, we systematically identified the effect measures from published cost-effectiveness studies and classified them as process, outcome, and resource use measures. Second, we elaborate on the incorporation of ‘productivity gains’, ‘health promotion and early intervention’, and ‘continuity of care’ as additional effects into economic evaluations of OOH-PC. Seeking care affects personal and employee time, potentially resulting in decreased productivity. Challenges in taking time off work and limited access to convenient care are often cited as barriers to accessing primary care. As such, OOH-PC can potentially reduce opportunity costs for patients. Furthermore, improving access to healthcare is important in determining whether people receive promotional and preventive services. Health promotion involves empowering people to take control of their health and its determinants. Given the unscheduled nature and the fragmented or rotational care in OOH-PC, the degree to which interventions and modalities provide continuity should be monitored, assessed, and included in economic evaluations. Continuity of care in primary care improves patient satisfaction, promotes adherence to medical advice, reduces reliance on hospitals, and reduces mortality.

Conclusion:

Although it is essential to also address local settings and needs, the integration of broader scope measures into OOH-PC economic evaluations improves the comprehensive evaluation that aligns with welfare gains.
ON GROUPS AND FIELDS DEFINABLE IN
$1$
-H-MINIMAL FIELDS
Authors: Acosta López Juan Pablo , Hasson Assaf
Published: September 2024

We show that an infinite group G definable in a
$1$
-h-minimal field admits a strictly K-differentiable structure with respect to which G is a (weak) Lie group, and we show that definable local subgroups sharing the same Lie algebra have the same germ at the identity. We conclude that infinite fields definable in K are definably isomorphic to finite extensions of K and that
$1$
-dimensional groups definable in K are finite-by-abelian-by-finite. Along the way, we develop the basic theory of definable weak K-manifolds and definable morphisms between them.
Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Besuch einer Ganztagsschule und dem Erwerb von Fachkompetenzen
Authors: Nachbauer Max
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird im Rahmen eines systematischen Reviews ein Überblick über Assoziationen zwischen Ganztagsschulen/Ganztagsangeboten und den Fachkompetenzen von Heranwachsenden gegeben. Es werden 22 Studien aus Deutschland und 6 Studien aus der Schweiz in den Bereichen schulische Organisationsform, generelle Teilnahme am Ganztagsangebot, Hausaufgabenbetreuungen/Lernzeiten und Förderunterricht dargestellt. Bei den Studien handelt es sich um 24 Längsschnittstudien, drei Interventionsstudien und eine Studie mit Propensity-Score-Matching-Verfahren. In den Studien finden sich teilweise Hinweise darauf, dass eine generelle Teilnahme am Ganztagsangebot und Förderunterricht positiv mit dem fachlichen Lernen assoziiert sind. Demgegenüber können Assoziationen zwischen schulischer Organisationsform und fachlichem Lernen nicht bestätigt werden. Bei Hausaufgabenbetreuungen/Lernzeiten finden sich teilweise Hinweise auf negative Assoziationen. Statistische Interaktionen zwischen Merkmalen von Ganztagschulen/Ganztagsangeboten und dem familiären Hintergrund finden sich nur vereinzelt und die Richtungen der Interaktionen fallen inkonsistent aus. Die Annahme, dass Ganztagsschulen/Ganztagsangebote mit spezifischen Vorteilen für Heranwachsende mit ungünstigem familiärem Hintergrund verbunden sind, kann nicht bestätigt werden. Auf der Grundlage der dargestellten Studien werden Implikationen für die zukünftige Ganztagsschulforschung erörtert.
Branched Conduit Structure Beneath the Active Craters of Sakurajima Volcano Inferred From Muography
Authors: Oláh László , Hamar Gergő , Ohminato Takao , Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M. , Varga Dezső
Published: September 2024

Observing in‐conduit physical mechanism underlying the switching of eruptive activity between the craters of multi‐vent volcanoes could contribute to hazard assessment at these complex volcanic edifices. We performed monitoring of mass density changes beneath two active craters of Sakurajima volcano in Kyushu, Japan between September 2018 and July 2023 with cosmic‐ray muography. From December 2022, the mass density decreased beneath Minamidake crater and increased beneath Showa crater in accordance with a switch of eruptive activity from Minamidake crater to Showa crater. Plug formation and convective magma degassing processes have been observed with muography in accordance with the deformation of the surface of volcanic edifice measured by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. We found a moderate inverse correlation with a Pearson’s coefficient of −0.52 between the mass densities observed beneath the two active craters throughout the entire period. The inverse correlation of mass densities indicates a magmatic gas flux dynamics which characterizes a branched conduit structure. Muography thus reveals the shallow magmatic processes during switching of eruptive activity between the craters of multi‐vent volcanoes and allows to infer to the conduit structure.
Quantifying the Role of Orographic Processes in Producing Extreme Precipitation: A Case Study of an Atmospheric River Associated With Storm Bronagh
Authors: Cuckow S. , Dacre H. F. , Martínez‐Alvarado O. , Smith S. A.
Published: September 2024

This study explores the mechanisms contributing to heavy precipitation associated with landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) and orography, focusing on a high‐profile case study of an extratropical cyclone, storm Bronagh, which caused flooding and travel disruption in the UK. While prior research has established the connection between ARs, orography, and precipitation, the specific mechanisms leading to intense rainfall remain unclear. A novel methodology is introduced that quantifies the relative contribution to the total precipitation from cyclone‐induced processes and orographic processes using modifications to the Met Office Unified Model orography and microphysics parameterization scheme. Results show that the majority of storm Bronagh 's rainfall over land is attributed to cyclone‐related processes (frontal ascent and embedded convection). However, interaction of the AR associated with storm Bronagh and orography focuses more of the rain over the hills, enhancing precipitation in this region by a further . Further analysis reveals that the seeder‐feeder mechanism plays a predominant role in orographically enhanced rainfall. Accretion and riming processes occur as rain from the cyclone induced (seeder) cloud falls through the orographically induced (feeder) cloud enhancing precipitation rates. The feeder cloud formation is related to forced ascent of air within the AR over the orography. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the intricate interplay between ARs, orography, and cyclone precipitation during the landfall of extratropical cyclones. By separating the mechanisms behind heavy rainfall in the context of storm Bronagh, we quantify for the first time the effect of the seeder‐feeder effect at different heights over orography.
MFF‐DenseNet: Densely Connected Convolutional Network With Multi‐Scale Feature Fusion for Magnetotelluric Noise Suppression
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Li Jin , Zhou Hui , Zhao Xiaolin , Tang Jingtian
Published: September 2024

Magnetotelluric (MT) is a geophysical technique for detecting subsurface electrical structures. However, MT data collected in areas with frequent human activity often encounter various types of electromagnetic (EM) noise, which can mask or distort the signals we aim to analyze. Over the past decades, data processing methods based on deep learning has become the focus of multiple disciplines. Training neural networks to identify and handle noise has been proven effective in reducing the impact of noise. Therefore, ensuring the neural network accurately learns the noise and signal characteristics during the training is crucial. Against this background, we propose a multi‐scale feature fusion technique based on the densely connected network and apply it to processing MT data. First, we construct a data set resembling the noise in field data and use it to train the network. Leveraging dense connections, we extract feature maps of EM noise from noisy data and utilize Spatial Pyramid Pooling to integrate feature maps of various scales, enabling the network to capture features of the noise precisely. At the same time, we reduce the computation of feature fusion by introducing the Channel‐wise Squeezed Layer to compress the channels of the feature maps. Ultimately, we apply the trained model to the field noisy data. The results of synthetic and field data demonstrate that our method suppresses low‐amplitude and continuous high‐amplitude noise while preserving low‐frequency valuable signal. Apparent resistivity‐phase curves and polarization direction shows a noticeable improvement in the mid and low‐frequency bands with our method.
Structural Evolution of Basaltic Melts in the Deep Earth: Insights From High‐Pressure Sound Velocity of Glass
Authors: Trubowitz Charlotte , Murakami Motohiko , Petitgirard Sylvain , Liebske Christian , McCammon Catherine
Published: September 2024

The densification mechanisms of silicate melts under high pressure are of key interest in understanding the evolution of the early Earth and its present‐day internal structure. Here, we report Brillouin spectroscopy‐derived transverse acoustic wave velocities from a basaltic glass at high pressures up to 163 GPa and ambient temperature to provide insight into pressure‐induced changes in its elasticity and, by extension, its density. We find that the pressure dependence of below 110–140 GPa follows a trend nearly tantamount to those of pyrolite and Fe‐ and (Fe,Al)‐bearing MgSiO3 glasses, indicating that the large compositional differences among these glasses do not exert variable acoustic wave velocity trends. However, at higher pressures we observe a small departure from the profiles of the Al‐poor compositions toward higher acoustic wave velocities to eventually become stiffer. This pressure‐induced steepening in is comparable to that of (Mg, Fe, Al)(Si, Al)O3 glass, and suggests a possible structural change toward a denser state caused by more rapidly changing Al–O coordination in network‐forming Al. Coupled with the high Fe content in basalt, this may render basaltic melt denser than surrounding minerals in the deep lower mantle, and may provide an additional mechanism for the existence of ultralow‐velocity zones.
Catchment‐Averaged Erosion Rates Reveal Signals of Divide Migration and Drainage Capture
Authors: Hoskins A. M. , Attal M. , Mudd S. M. , Castillo M.
Published: September 2024

Divide migration and drainage capture contribute to drainage reorganization. The relative contributions of each are debated, as are the extent to which an observable signal of drainage reorganization may be preserved in quantifiable erosion rates. We numerically model divide migration and drainage capture, and monitor the effects on catchment‐averaged erosion rates in the growing (area gaining) and shrinking (area losing) catchments. Divide migration produces a rapid increase in catchment‐averaged erosion rates in the headwaters of the growing catchment. However, we find this catchment‐averaged erosion rate signal is quickly obscured with increasing distance downstream in non‐uniform uplift settings, limiting our ability to detect divide migration through catchment‐averaged erosion rate measurements in non‐uniform uplift settings. Drainage capture produces the strongest catchment‐averaged erosion rate signal immediately adjacent to the point of capture. We find this signal persists in the landscape longest, and without depleting in magnitude, in the area upstream of the point of capture. The Sierra la Laguna mountain range (Mexico) displays substantial evidence of recent and ongoing drainage capture across the main drainage divide, including: beheaded catchments, windgaps, barbed drainages, profiles and across divide Gilbert Metrics. We use the Sierra la Laguna to test the detectability of drainage reorganization related catchment‐averaged erosion rate signals in a natural setting. ‐derived catchment‐averaged erosion rates are found to be twice as fast in the suspected growing catchment headwaters (0.17 ) relative to the shrinking catchment headwaters (0.09 ). Catchment‐averaged erosion rates, with distance downstream, share similarities with our drainage capture modeling.
Characterizing Seismic Activity From a Rock Cliff With Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Morin Alexi , Giroux Bernard , Gauthier Francis
Published: September 2024

Passive seismic monitoring (PSM) is emerging as a tool for detecting rockfall events and pre‐failure seismicity. In this paper, the potential of PSM for rockfall monitoring is assessed through a case study carried out in Gros‐Morne, Eastern Québec, in a region with prominent roadside cliffs, where more than 500 fallen rocks are found on the main regional road each year. The proposed method relies on using sensitive STA‐LTA windows to detect a very large number of seismic events and build a comprehensive catalog. In total, more than 70,000 seismic events were detected over one year. Gaussian mixtures are used to partition the data set. Based on visual inspection of the data, a main working hypothesis is that the seismic events can be clustered into three groups. After analyzing the spatio‐temporal distribution of the events in each group, we find that the events of one cluster can be associated with anthropogenic activity. The frequency of occurrence of the events of the different clusters and their link with meteorological data is also examined through a regression exercise, to assess the importance of the meteorological variables as explanatory variables. The results allow us to postulate on the physical origins of the signals in the different clusters, attributing them to rockfall activity and wind‐induced seismic noise.
Opioid equipotency conversions for hospitalized infants: a systematic review
Authors: Ing Madeleine C. , Keane Olivia A. , Lakshmanan Ashwini , Kim Eugene , Lee Henry C. , Kelley-Quon Lorraine I.
Published: September 2024

Hospitalized infants commonly receive opioids to reduce pain and minimize distress during invasive procedures. However, infant neurodevelopment is significantly impacted by cumulative and prolonged opioid exposures. While opioid conversion has been studied extensively in adults, no standardized equipotency opioid conversions exist for hospitalized infants and opioid stewardship efforts are inconsistent. We performed a systematic review to identify opioid dosing conversions commonly used in hospitalized infants <1 year of age, finding fourteen articles which documented or cited a calculation of cumulative opioid exposure. Morphine milligram equivalents (MME) conversion factors varied widely, with nine studies citing conversion equivalent equations commonly used in adults. Efforts to expand safe opioid stewardship to hospitalized infants will require evidence-based consensus for opioid equipotency dose conversions which acknowledge the unique physiology of infants.
Suppressed concentration quenching and tunable photoluminescence in Eu2+-activated Rb3Y(PO4)2 phosphors for full-spectrum lighting
Authors: Zhao Ming , Ge Yeping , Li Yurong , Song Xiaoyan , Xia Zhiguo , Zhang Xinping
Published: September 2024

Highly efficient inorganic phosphors are desirable for lighting-emitting diode light sources, and increasing the doping concentration of activators is a common approach for enhancing the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, the constraint of concentration quenching poses a great challenge for improving the PLQY. Herein, we propose a fundamental design principle by separating activators and prolonging their distance in Eu2+-activated Rb3Y(PO4)2 phosphors to inhibit concentration quenching, in which different quenching rates are controlled by the Eu distribution at various crystallographic sites. The blue-violet-emitting Rb3Y(PO4)2:xEu (x = 0.1%–15%) phosphors, with the occupation of Rb1, Rb2 and Y sites by Eu2+, exhibit rapid luminescence quenching with optimum external PLQY of 10% due to multi-channel energy migration. Interestingly, as the Eu concentration increases above 20%, Eu2+ prefer to occupy the Rb1 and Y sites with separated polyhedra and large interionic distances, resulting in green emission with suppressed concentration quenching, achieving an improved external PLQY of 41%. Our study provides a unique design perspective for elevating the efficiency of Eu2+-activated phosphors toward high-performance inorganic luminescent materials for full-spectrum lighting.
Measuring, processing, and generating partially coherent light with self-configuring optics
Authors: Roques-Carmes Charles , Fan Shanhui , Miller David A. B.
Published: September 2024

Optical phenomena always display some degree of partial coherence between their respective degrees of freedom. Partial coherence is of particular interest in multimodal systems, where classical and quantum correlations between spatial, polarization, and spectral degrees of freedom can lead to fascinating phenomena (e.g., entanglement) and be leveraged for advanced imaging and sensing modalities (e.g., in hyperspectral, polarization, and ghost imaging). Here, we present a universal method to analyze, process, and generate spatially partially coherent light in multimode systems by using self-configuring optical networks. Our method relies on cascaded self-configuring layers whose average power outputs are sequentially optimized. Once optimized, the network separates the input light into its mutually incoherent components, which is formally equivalent to a diagonalization of the input density matrix. We illustrate our method with numerical simulations of Mach-Zehnder interferometer arrays and show how this method can be used to perform partially coherent environmental light sensing, generation of multimode partially coherent light with arbitrary coherency matrices, and unscrambling of quantum optical mixtures. We provide guidelines for the experimental realization of this method, including the influence of losses, paving the way for self-configuring photonic devices that can automatically learn optimal modal representations of partially coherent light fields.
Rational strategy for power doubling of monolithic multijunction III-V photovoltaics by accommodating attachable scattering waveguides
Authors: Lee Shin Hyung , Kim Hyo Jin , Kim Jae-Hyun , Park Gwang Yeol , Kim Sun-Kyung , Lee Sung-Min
Published: September 2024

While waveguide-based light concentrators offer significant advantages, their application has not been considered an interesting option for assisting multijunction or other two-terminal tandem solar cells. In this study, we present a simple yet effective approach to enhancing the output power of transfer-printed multijunction InGaP/GaAs solar cells. By utilizing a simply combinable waveguide concentrator featuring a coplanar waveguide with BaSO4 Mie scattering elements, we enable the simultaneous absorption of directly illuminated solar flux and indirectly waveguided flux. The deployment of cells is optimized for front-surface photon collection in monofacial cells. Through systematic comparisons across various waveguide parameters, supported by both experimental and theoretical quantifications, we demonstrate a remarkable improvement in the maximum output power of a 26%-efficient cell, achieving an enhancement of ~93% with the integration of the optimal scattering waveguide. Additionally, a series of supplementary tests are conducted to explore the effective waveguide size, validate enhancements in arrayed cell module performance, and assess the drawbacks associated with rear illumination. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of our proposed approach towards advancing multi-junction photovoltaics.
Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease
Authors: Wang Han , Kim Susan J. , Lei Yu , Wang Shuhui , Wang Hui , Huang Hai , Zhang Hongji , Tsung Allan
Published: September 2024

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), crucial in immune defense mechanisms, are renowned for their propensity to expel decondensed chromatin embedded with inflammatory proteins. Our comprehension of NETs in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathogenesis, has grown significantly in recent years. NETs are not only pivotal in the context of infections but also exhibit significant involvement in sterile inflammation. Evidence suggests that excessive accumulation of NETs can result in vessel occlusion, tissue damage, and prolonged inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the progression and exacerbation of various pathological states. Nevertheless, NETs exhibit dual functionalities in certain pathological contexts. While NETs may act as autoantigens, aggregated NET complexes can function as inflammatory mediators by degrading proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The delineation of molecules and signaling pathways governing NET formation aids in refining our appreciation of NETs’ role in immune homeostasis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, metabolic dysregulation, and cancer. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the multifaceted roles of NETs in both homeostasis and disease, whilst discussing their potential as therapeutic targets. Our aim is to enhance the understanding of the intricate functions of NETs across the spectrum from physiology to pathology.
High-throughput identification of repurposable neuroactive drugs with potent anti-glioblastoma activity
Authors: Lee Sohyon , Weiss Tobias , Bühler Marcel , Mena Julien , Lottenbach Zuzanna , Wegmann Rebekka , Sun Miaomiao , Bihl Michel , Augustynek Bartłomiej , Baumann Sven P. , Goetze Sandra , van Drogen Audrey , Pedrioli Patrick G. A. , Penton David , Festl Yasmin , Buck Alicia , Kirschenbaum Daniel , Zeitlberger Anna M. , Neidert Marian C. , Vasella Flavio , Rushing Elisabeth J. , Wollscheid Bernd , Hediger Matthias A. , Weller Michael , Snijder Berend
Published: September 2024

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain cancer, has a dismal prognosis, yet systemic treatment is limited to DNA-alkylating chemotherapies. New therapeutic strategies may emerge from exploring neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological vulnerabilities of glioblastoma. To this end, we systematically screened repurposable neuroactive drugs in glioblastoma patient surgery material using a clinically concordant and single-cell resolved platform. Profiling more than 2,500 ex vivo drug responses across 27 patients and 132 drugs identified class-diverse neuroactive drugs with potent anti-glioblastoma efficacy that were validated across model systems. Interpretable molecular machine learning of drug–target networks revealed neuroactive convergence on AP-1/BTG-driven glioblastoma suppression, enabling expanded in silico screening of more than 1 million compounds with high patient validation accuracy. Deep multimodal profiling confirmed Ca2+-driven AP-1/BTG-pathway induction as a neuro-oncological glioblastoma vulnerability, epitomized by the anti-depressant vortioxetine synergizing with current standard-of-care chemotherapies in vivo. These findings establish an actionable framework for glioblastoma treatment rooted in its neural etiology.
Individual use of self-medication and other remedies in COVID-19 outpatients in Western-Pomerania
Authors: Stüdemann Svea , Schäfer Eik , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Tzvetkov Mladen V. , Engeli Stefan
Published: September 2024

We analyzed data from positively tested COVID-19 outpatients to describe self-medication with OTC drugs and use of other remedies against symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We specifically considered their type and frequency, as well as associations with patient characteristics, and reasons for use. Data were collected between May 1, 2020 and February 22, 2021 with two questionnaires in an observational cohort study with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive adult outpatients in the district of Western Pomerania in Germany. 523 out of 710 outpatients (74%; 340 women and 183 men) reported using drugs and other remedies to relieve COVID-19-symptoms. Overall, participants reported utilization of 1282 finished dosage products or remedies, including 213 different ingredients. In the population of 710 outpatients, utilization of ibuprofen (26%), acetaminophen (21%), metamizole (14%), and acetylsalicylic acid (10%) was most commonly reported. Phytopharmaceuticals, herbal and animal products as well as vitamins and minerals were also frequently reported. Among the 523 participants who used drugs and other remedies, most commonly mentioned reasons for use were headache (40%), other kinds of pain (e.g. myalgia; 37%), fever (24%) and cough (16%). Our analysis showed that a majority of the participants tried to alleviate COVID-19-symptoms using drugs and other remedies. Especially analgesic and antipyretic agents, followed by herbal medicines, were used very frequently.

Trial registration: German Register for Clinical Studies DRKS00021672, first registration on December 1st, 2020.
Characterization of the AGR2-NPM3 axis uncovers the AGR2 involvement in PD-L1 regulation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Martisova Andrea , Faktor Jakub , Sosolikova Tereza , Klemesova Iveta , Kolarova Tamara , Holcakova Jitka , Hrstka Roman
Published: September 2024

Despite extensive research, the molecular role of AGR2 in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully characterized. We used quantitative mass spectrometry (SWATH MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins in paired CRC cell models of the SW480 and SW620 cell lines in response to AGR2 protein level manipulation. Relying on the results from SWATH MS and subsequent immunochemical validation, we selected NMP3 as the top candidate protein associated with AGR2 in CRC tumour cells in our screen. RT‒qPCR and immunochemical analysis confirmed the involvement of AGR2-mediated regulation of NPM3 at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Since PD-L1 is a constituent of the NPM3 regulatory axis, we aimed to correlate the changes in PD-L1 to the differential expression of AGR2 in our cell models. We found that AGR2 positively regulates PD-L1 levels in both SW480 and SW620 cell lines; additionally, several different CRC patient transcriptome cohorts confirmed the association of AGR2 with PD-L1. Our work reveals a new AGR2-NPM3 regulatory axis and the involvement of AGR2 in the regulation of PD-L1, which paves the way for the association of AGR2 with immune evasion in CRC cells.
Modulating photophysical properties in a flexible porous host by regulating guest-assisted charge transfer interactions
Authors: Jena Rohan , Rahimi Faruk Ahamed , Nath Das Tarak , Mondal Soumya Kanti , Chauhan Jatin , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: September 2024

This study highlights the potential of using crystalline host–guest platforms for designing donor–acceptor materials with tailored photophysical properties.
Visible-light induced decarboxylative coupling of phenoxyacetic acid with disulfides: synthesis of α-arylthioanisole derivatives
Authors: Li Ning , Peng Zhao-Nian , Xiong Run , Wang Ao-Cheng , Dong Zhi-Bing
Published: September 2024

Photoredox-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction is an efficient strategy for the construction of organic molecules.
Synthesis of body temperature-triggerable dynamic liquid crystal elastomers using Diels–Alder crosslinkers
Authors: St-Germain Jérémy Baribeault , Zhao Yue
Published: September 2024

Diels–Alder dynamic covalent bond-crosslinked liquid crystal elastomers are developed, whose reprogrammable and reconfigurable actuators display reversible deformation between room and body temperature.
Advancements in calixarene-protected titanium-oxo clusters: from structural assembly to catalytic functionality
Authors: Chen Xin-Yu , Liu Qing-Yi , Yu Wei-Dong , Yan Jun , Liu Chao
Published: September 2024

Our review outlines the use of calixarenes in constructing titanium-oxo clusters, highlighting their role in enabling structural modifications and forming the basis for more complex assemblies.
Recent advances in the functionalization of formyl and acroleyl appended corroles
Authors: Yadav Inderpal , Dhiman Divyansh , Sankar Muniappan
Published: September 2024

The recent progress regarding the synthesis and functionalization of formyl/acroleyl substituted corroles and their reactivity with active methylene compounds and substituted pyrroles are highlighted.
A Nile red dye cathode with an asymmetric redox unit for lithium organic batteries
Authors: Liao Deyi , Yang Yichao , Jia Jiru , Liu Zijin , Fan Longfei , Xin John H. , Han Shaobo , Liu Xi
Published: September 2024

A Nile red (NR) dye cathode with an asymmetric redox structure of para CN and CO bonds was developed for use in an efficient lithium organic battery.
Elucidating metal–organic framework structures using synchrotron serial crystallography
Authors: De Zitter Elke , Perl David , Savko Martin , Paley Daniel W. , Thom Alexander J. , Jeangerard Damien , Brewster Aaron S. , Tissot Antoine , Serre Christian , Shepard William
Published: September 2024

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials that display a wide variety of physical and chemical properties.
Exploration of Si–N compounds as high energy density materials
Authors: Patel Paras , Patel Saurav , Dalsaniya Madhavi H. , Kurzydłowski Dominik , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof J. , Jha Prafulla K.
Published: September 2024

A newly predicted polymeric SiN6 structure as a potential HEDM candidate with exceptional detonation pressure and detonation velocity.
Structure and luminescence characteristics of self-activated vanadate garnet phosphors
Authors: Xie Jing , Zhong Yue , Su Tao , Wang Wenming , Pan Yan , Wei Xiantao , Li Yong
Published: September 2024

PL spectra of the NaSr2Mg2V3O12, KCa2Mg2V3O12, and Na2YMg2V3O12 samples under excitation at 266 nm (left). The IQE map of the NaSr2Mg2V3O12 phosphor sample (middle). The IQE map of the KCa2Mg2V3O12 phosphor sample (right).
Theoretical analysis of electron transport in perovskite thin films
Authors: Bhaumik Ankur , Pandey Anshu
Published: September 2024

We show how perovskite solar cells work despite disorder.
Bioinspired superwetting oil–water separation strategy: toward the era of openness
Authors: Liu Zhuoxing , Si Yifan , Yu Cunlong , Jiang Lei , Dong Zhichao
Published: September 2024

Bioinspired superwetting oil–water separation strategy is summarized from confined-space to open-space, from static to dynamic devices. Strategies are evaluated and compared and current challenges and feasible solutions are emphasized.