bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genomic landscape of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma after systemic therapy
Authors: van der Mijn Johannes C. , Eng Kenneth W. , Chandra Pooja , Fernandez Evan , Ramazanoglu Sinan , Sigaras Alexandros , Oromendia Clara , Gudas Lorraine J. , Tagawa Scott T. , Nanus David M. , Faltas Bishoy F. , Beltran Himisha , Sternberg Cora N. , Elemento Olivier , Sboner Andrea , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Molina Ana M.
Published: March 2022

Primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been previously characterized, but the genomic landscape of metastatic ccRCC is largely unexplored. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 68 samples from 44 patients with ccRCC, including 52 samples from a metastatic site.SETD2,PBRM1,APCandVHLwere the most frequently mutated genes in the metastatic ccRCC cohort.RBM10andFBXW7were also among the 10 most frequently mutated genes in metastatic tissues. Recurrent somatic copy number variations (CNV) were observed at the previously identified regions 3p25, 9p21 and 14q25, but also at 6p21 (CDKN1A) and 13q14 (RB1). No statistically significant differences were found between samples from therapy‐naïve and pretreated patients. Clonal evolution analyses with multiple samples from 13 patients suggested that early appearance of CNVs at 3p25, 9p21 and 14q25 may be associated with rapid clinical progression. Overall, the genomic landscapes of primary and metastatic ccRCC seem to share frequent CNVs at 3p25, 9p21 and 14q25. Future work will clarify the implication ofRBM10andFBXW7mutations and 6p21 and 13q14 CNVs in metastatic ccRCC.
Geometric Accuracy and Mechanical Behavior of PA6 Composite Curved Tubes Fabricated by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)
Authors: Shirinbayan Mohammadali , Benfriha Khaled , Tcharkhtchi Abbas
Published: March 2022

Herein, the effect of processing parameters including infill pattern and reinforcement type on the dimensional accuracy of products manufactured by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process as well as the mechanical performance is studied. The reinforcements used to manufacture the PA6 composite are carbon, Kevlar, and glass fibers. The compression properties of the stated composites are compared. The results show that the rectangular fill pattern is less deformed compared with triangular, hexagonal, and solid ones. However, the compression strength is decreased by changing the infill pattern from the solid infill to hexagonal, triangular, and rectangular. Although there is no significant difference in terms of compression behavior, the printed PA6 reinforced with carbon fiber which is deformed outward contrary to Kevlar and glass fibers, which are deformed inward. Finally, the results confirm that the selection of the appropriate types of reinforcements and infill patterns among the several available types during the printing process is effective in improving the mechanical properties and also in providing better geometrical quality of the surfaces and the consequent dimensional precision improvement of the parts printed by the FFF process.
Improved Fracture Toughness of Polycrystalline γ‐TiAl‐Based Intermetallic Alloys with a Favorable Deformation Mechanism of Twinning
Authors: Liu Shiqiu , Luo Yaofeng , Ding Hongsheng , Chen Ruirun , Guo Jingjie , Fu Hengzhi
Published: March 2022

High‐density deformation nanotwins markedly strengthen TiAl‐based alloys; however, the improvement in strength generally leads to a reduction in fracture toughness for most structural materials. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the benefits of high‐density deformation nanotwins for the improvement in fracture toughness of TiAl‐based alloys. Herein, the fracture toughness of two Ti‐45.5Al‐4Cr‐2.5Nb alloys with a favorable deformation mechanism of twinning (prepared by annealing the continuous casting (C. C.) alloy at 1250 °C and 1270 °C for different durations, respectively) is investigated and compared with that of the unannealed continuous casting (C. C.) alloy, in terms of room‐temperature (RT) tensile properties and microstructures. It is found that the two heat‐treated Ti‐45.5Al‐4Cr‐2.5Nb alloys exhibits a higher fracture toughness than the C. C. alloy. Shear ligaments and slip bands are the main toughening mechanisms for the two heat‐treated alloys; their generation is closely related to the enhancement in the plastic deformability of lamellar structures. In addition, the increase in (B2 + γ)‐coupled structures is found to impose a negative effect on the toughening of the investigated alloys. High‐density deformation nanotwins favor the improvement in fracture toughness of TiAl‐based alloys by improving their fracture strength and plastic deformability, while decreasing their work‐hardening exponent.
High‐Performance Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence with Simultaneous Narrowband Emission, High Efficiency, and Large Dissymmetry Factor
Authors: Chen Zhanxiang , Zhong Cheng , Han Jianmei , Miao Jingsheng , Qi Yanyu , Zou Yang , Xie Guohua , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo
Published: March 2022

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) that can simultaneously achieve narrowband emission, high efficiency, and circularly polarized luminescence remain a formidable challenge. In this study, a simple strategy is developed to address this challenge. A chiral exciplex‐forming co‐host is first designed by employing a chiral donor and an achiral acceptor molecule. The chiral exciplex host enables an achiral green multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter to achieve high‐performance circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP‐EL) with a high external quantum efficiency of 33.2%, large electroluminescence dissymmetry factor of 2.8 × 10−3, and a small full‐width at half‐maximum of 42 nm. This work provides a general approach for realizing CP‐EL using easily available achiral emitters and can significantly extend the scope of circularly polarized OLEDs.
Biobased Elastomer Nanofibers Guide Light‐Controlled Human‐iPSC‐Derived Skeletal Myofibers
Authors: Cheesbrough Aimee , Sciscione Fabiola , Riccio Federica , Harley Peter , R'Bibo Lea , Ziakas Georgios , Darbyshire Arnold , Lieberam Ivo , Song Wenhui
Published: March 2022

Generating skeletal muscle tissue that mimics the cellular alignment, maturation, and function of native skeletal muscle is an ongoing challenge in disease modeling and regenerative therapies. Skeletal muscle cultures require extracellular guidance and mechanical support to stabilize contractile myofibers. Existing microfabrication‐based solutions are limited by complex fabrication steps, low throughput, and challenges in measuring dynamic contractile function. Here, the synthesis and characterization of a new biobased nanohybrid elastomer, which is electrospun into aligned nanofiber sheets to mimic the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix, is presented. The polymer exhibits remarkable hyperelasticity well‐matched to that of native skeletal muscle (≈11–50 kPa), with ultimate strain ≈1000%, and elastic modulus ≈25 kPa. Uniaxially aligned nanofibers guide myoblast alignment, enhance sarcomere formation, and promote a ≈32% increase in myotube fusion and ≈50% increase in myofiber maturation. The elastomer nanofibers stabilize optogenetically controlled human induced pluripotent stem cell derived skeletal myofibers. When activated by blue light, the myofiber–nanofiber hybrid constructs maintain a significantly higher (>200%) contraction velocity and specific force (>280%) compared to conventional culture methods. The engineered myofibers exhibit a power density of ≈35 W m−3. This system is a promising new skeletal muscle tissue model for applications in muscular disease modeling, drug discovery, and muscle regeneration.
Controlled Crystal Plane Orientations in the ZnO Transport Layer Enable High‐Responsivity, Low‐Dark‐Current Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Parmar Darshan H. , M. Pina Joao , Zhu Tong , Vafaie Maral , Atan Ozan , Biondi Margherita , Najjariyan Amin M. , Hoogland Sjoerd , Sargent Edward H.
Published: March 2022

Colloidal quantum dots (CQD) have emerged as attractive materials for infrared (IR) photodetector (PD) applications because of their tunable bandgaps and facile processing. Presently, zinc oxide is the electron‐transport layer (ETL) of choice in CQD PDs; however, ZnO relies on continuous ultraviolet (UV) illumination to remove adsorbed oxygen and maintain high external quantum efficiency (EQE), speed, and photocurrent. Here, it is shown that ZnO is dominated by electropositive crystal planes which favor excessive oxygen adsorption, and that this leads to a high density of trap states, an undesired shift in band alignment, and consequent poor performance. Over prolonged operation without UV exposure, oxygen accumulates at the electropositive planes, trapping holes and degrading performance. This problem is addressed by developing an electroneutral plane composition at the ZnO surface, aided by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as the means of materials processing. It is found that ALD ZnO has 10× lower binding energy for oxygen than does conventionally deposited ZnO. IR CQD PDs made with this ETL do not require UV activation to maintain low dark current and high EQE.
Realization of a Half Metal with a Record‐High Curie Temperature in Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Liu Zhehong , Zhang Shuaikang , Wang Xiao , Ye Xubin , Qin Shijun , Shen Xudong , Lu Dabiao , Dai Jianhong , Cao Yingying , Chen Kai , Radu Florin , Wu Wen‐Bin , Chen Chien‐Te , Francoual Sonia , Mardegan José R. L. , Leupold Olaf , Tjeng Liu Hao , Hu Zhiwei , Yang Yi‐feng , Long Youwen
Published: March 2022

Half metals, in which one spin channel is conducting while the other is insulating with an energy gap, are theoretically considered to comprise 100% spin‐polarized conducting electrons, and thus have promising applications in high‐efficiency magnetic sensors, computer memory, magnetic recording, and so on. However, for practical applications, a high Curie temperature combined with a wide spin energy gap and large magnetization is required. Realizing such a high‐performance combination is a key challenge. Herein, a novel A‐ and B‐site ordered quadruple perovskite oxide LaCu3Fe2Re2O12 with the charge format of Cu2+/Fe3+/Re4.5+ is reported. The strong Cu2+(↑)Fe3+(↑)Re4.5+(↓) spin interactions lead to a ferrimagnetic Curie temperature as high as 710 K, which is the reported record in perovskite‐type half metals thus far. The saturated magnetic moment determined at 300 K is 7.0 μB f.u.−1 and further increases to 8.0 μB f.u.−1 at 2 K. First‐principles calculations reveal a half‐metallic nature with a spin‐down conducting band while a spin‐up insulating band with a large energy gap up to 2.27 eV. The currently unprecedented realization of record Curie temperature coupling with the wide energy gap and large moment in LaCu3Fe2Re2O12 opens a way for potential applications in advanced spintronic devices at/above room temperature.
“Urea to Urea” Approach: Access to Unsymmetrical Ureas Bearing Pyridyl Substituents
Authors: Kasatkina Svetlana O. , Geyl Kirill K. , Baykov Sergey V. , Novikov Mikhail S. , Boyarskiy Vadim P.
Published: March 2022

A protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas substituted by pyridyl/quinolinyl moiety has been developed. This method concluded in metal‐ and base‐free reamination of N,N‐dimethyl‐N‘‐hetaryl ureas with a wide range of aryl and alkyl amines. The isolated yields vary from 40 to 96% depending on the nucleophilicity of the amines. The scope of this method includes more than 50 examples. The reaction is not hindered by either donor or acceptor groups as well as diverse functionalities. The synthesis can be easily scaled to gram quantities. Theoretical calculations supported by experimental data allowed us to propose a plausible mechanism for the process. This reaction takes place through the intermediate formation of hetaryl isocyanate.

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Applications of Machine Learning in Alloy Catalysts: Rational Selection and Future Development of Descriptors
Authors: Yang Ze , Gao Wang
Published: March 2022

At present, alloys have broad application prospects in heterogeneous catalysis, due to their various catalytic active sites produced by their vast element combinations and complex geometric structures. However, it is the diverse variables of alloys that lead to the difficulty in understanding the structure‐property relationship for conventional experimental and theoretical methods. Fortunately, machine learning methods are helpful to address the issue. Machine learning can not only deal with a large number of data rapidly, but also help establish the physical picture of reactions in multidimensional heterogeneous catalysis. The key challenge in machine learning is the exploration of suitable general descriptors to accurately describe various types of alloy catalysts, which help reasonably design catalysts and efficiently screen candidates. In this review, several kinds of machine learning methods commonly used in the design of alloy catalysts is introduced, and the applications of various reactivity descriptors corresponding to different alloy systems is summarized. Importantly, this work clarifies the existing understanding of physical picture of heterogeneous catalysis, and emphasize the significance of rational selection of universal descriptors. Finally, the development of heterogeneous catalytic descriptors for machine learning are presented.
The Pandemic's Nasty Effects on Consumer Complaints Schemes
Authors: Samuel Adam
Published: March 2022

The literature on pandemic dispute resolution has tended to focus on the challenges of holding remote hearings in international arbitration. In reality, though, the vast majority of disputes have nothing to do with arbitration, operate at a purely domestic or even local level, and do not require any form of hearing or personal interaction.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in emergency medicine: a narrative review
Authors: Mueller Brianna , Kinoshita Takahiro , Peebles Alexander , Graber Mark A. , Lee Sangil
Published: March 2022

Aim

The emergence and evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated increasing interest in machine learning applications for health care. Specifically, researchers are grasping the potential of machine learning solutions to enhance the quality of care in emergency medicine.

Methods

We undertook a narrative review of published works on machine learning applications in emergency medicine and provide a synopsis of recent developments.

Results

This review describes fundamental concepts of machine learning and presents clinical applications for triage, risk stratification specific to disease, medical imaging, and emergency department operations. Additionally, we consider how machine learning models could contribute to the improvement of causal inference in medicine, and to conclude, we discuss barriers to safe implementation of AI.

Conclusion

We intend that this review serves as an introduction to AI and machine learning in emergency medicine.
Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Complexes by Chloronium Ion Abstraction from 2‐Chloroazolium Salts Using Electron‐Rich Phosphines
Authors: Böhme Matthias D. , Eder Tobias , Röthel Maike B. , Dutschke Patrick D. , Wilm Lukas F. B. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Dielmann Fabian
Published: March 2022

N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are commonly prepared by deprotonation of azolium salts using strong anionic bases. This reaction is often unselective, yielding alkali metal NHC complexes or dimerized NHCs. Alternatively, free NHCs are obtained by the dechlorination of 2‐chloroazolium salts using electron‐rich phosphines. PPh3, PCy3, and PtBu3 are unsuitable for Cl+ abstraction, while the sterically encumbered tris(1,3‐tert‐butylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidenamino)phosphine 1 selectively removes Cl+ from 2‐chloroazolium salts. Since bulky 1 does not bind to metal complexes, it was used for the preparation of NHC complexes via in situ Cl+ abstraction from 2‐chloroazolium salts. The dechlorination was employed for the site‐selective monometallation with IrI, IrIII, RhI, RhIII, and RuII of a bis‐NHC precursor composed of a 2‐chlorobenzimidazolium and a 2‐chlorobenzimidazole group, followed by the preparation of the heterobimetallic IrIII/PdII complex [18](BF4)2 by a dechlorination/oxidative addition reaction sequence.
A Crystalline Partially Fluorinated Triazine Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wang Haozhen , Yang Chao , Chen Fangshuai , Zheng Gengfeng , Han Qing
Published: March 2022

A partially fluorinated, metal‐free, imine‐linked two‐dimensional triazine covalent organic framework (TF50‐COF) photocatalyst was developed. Fluorine (F)‐substituted and nonsubstituted units were integrated in equimolar amounts on the edge aromatic units, where they mediated two‐electron O2 photoreduction. F‐substitution created an abundance of Lewis acid sites, which regulated the electronic distribution of adjacent carbon atoms and provided highly active sites for O2 adsorption, and widened the visible‐light‐responsive range of the catalyst, while enhancing charge separation. Varying the proportion of F maximized the interlayer interactions of TF50‐COF, resulting in improved crystallinity with faster carrier transfer and robust photostability. The TF50‐COF catalyst demonstrates high selectivity and stability in O2 photoreduction into H2O2, with a high H2O2 yield rate of 1739 μmol h−1 g−1 and a remarkable apparent quantum efficiency of 5.1 % at 400 nm, exceeding the performance of previously reported nonmetal COF‐based photocatalysts.
Structurally Disordered RuO2 Nanosheets with Rich Oxygen Vacancies for Enhanced Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia
Authors: Wang Yuting , Li Hongjiao , Zhou Wei , Zhang Xi , Zhang Bin , Yu Yifu
Published: March 2022

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate pollutants to ammonia has emerged as an attractive alternative for ammonia synthesis. Currently, many strategies have been developed for enhancing nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) efficiency, but the influence of the degree of structural disorder is still unexplored. Here, carbon‐supported RuO2 nanosheets with adjustable crystallinity are synthesized by a facile molten salt method. The as‐synthesized amorphous RuO2 displays high ammonia Faradaic efficiency (97.46 %) and selectivity (96.42 %), greatly outperforming the crystalline counterparts. The disordered structure with abundant oxygen vacancies is revealed to modulate the d‐band center and hydrogen affinity, thus lowering the energy of the potential‐determining step (NH2*→NH3*).
A novel cubic Zn‐citric acid‐based MOF as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles and 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles
Authors: Koolivand Mostafa , Nikoorazm Mohsen , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Mohammadi Masoud
Published: March 2022

A highly stable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst was successfully prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Zinc nitrate with citric acid. To produce a novel Zn‐based MOF catalyst, Zn ions were coordinated with the ligand functional groups that can be regarded as an alpha‐hydroxy acid containing three carboxylic acids (COOH) and one hydroxyl (OH) group attached to the three‐carbon skeleton. It was found that the Zn‐CA‐MOFs compound can participate as a catalyst in the synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazole and pyranopyrazole molecules, selectively and efficiently with high yield in a short period of time. As presented, the catalyst demonstrates excellent reusability and stability and can be recycled up to five times without significant loss of reactivity. Heterogeneity analysis showed that no leaching of active Zn species occurred during the recycling process of the heterogeneous Zn‐CA‐MOFs.
Directed high‐χ block copolymer self‐assembly by laser writing on silicon substrate
Authors: Jin Hyeong Min , Lee Su Eon , Kim Simon , Kim Ju Young , Han Young‐Soo , Kim Bong Hoon
Published: March 2022

Polymer self‐assembly commonly suffers from retarded equilibrium structure formation caused by the large diffusion barrier of long‐chain molecules. In particular, the defect annihilation kinetics of high‐χ block copolymers (BCPs) are generally sluggish because of a slow inter‐block chain diffusion process from strong inter‐block segregation. Therefore, long‐range order of high‐χ BCPs still hard to be obtained by conventional approaches. Here, we introduce near‐infrared laser photothermal treatment to effectively promote high‐χ BCP self‐assembly and demonstrating highly aligned nanoscale patterned structures on silicon substrates. Adequate molecular weight selection of high‐χ PS‐b‐P2VP system enables one‐time laser hot‐zone annealing, resulting in highly ordered nanodomains along laser writing direction. Facile sub‐sequential metal ion loading to P2VP cylinders enables the formation of highly aligned metal nanowires. Moreover, a commonly used silicon substrate without a photoabsorbing layer is employed as a photo‐thermal substrate, demonstrating that the laser writing process is compatible with conventional semiconductor processes.
Time‐dependent failure of off‐axis loaded unidirectional glass/iPP composites
Authors: Erartsin Ozan , Amiri‐Rad Ahmad , van Drongelen Martin , Govaert Leon E.
Published: March 2022

In our previous study, we demonstrated that the time‐dependent failure of transversely loaded UD (unidirectional) glass/iPP is fully plasticity‐controlled and proposed a lifetime prediction method based on plasticity to predict transverse failure. In the present work, extending our previous study to other off‐axis angles, we aim to investigate the effect of the off‐axis angle on the time‐dependent failure of UD glass/iPP, and to propose a lifetime prediction method for the off‐axis failure. Glass/iPP specimens with different off‐axis angles are tested at various strain rates, creep, and fatigue loads to characterize the anisotropic, time‐dependent mechanical response. It is demonstrated that the influences of strain rate and fiber orientation angle on tensile strength are multiplicatively separable; also referred to as factorizable, enabling one to characterize the angle dependence at a single strain rate and the strain rate dependence at a single angle. Moreover, similar to transverse loading, off‐axis failure is also observed to be plasticity‐controlled. Based on these observations, the lifetime prediction method for the plasticity‐controlled transverse failure is extended to off‐axis loading using the aforementioned factorazibility, which resulted in lifetime predictions in agreement with the experimental creep and fatigue data.
New Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Two Deep‐Sea‐Derived Fungi and the Co‐Culture Impact on the Secondary Metabolic Patterns
Authors: Li Xuanyi , Ge Yichao , Ma Yihan , Wang Shoubao , Li Sihui , Yin Qizhao , Liu Xiaowan , Wie Jihua , Wu Xiaodan , Wu Bin
Published: March 2022

In this study, chemical profiles for two co‐existing deep‐sea‐derived Penicillium fungal strains were thoroughly investigated. Two new compounds and 11 known compounds were identified from Penicillium sp. LXY140‐R, while one new compound and 12 known compounds were isolated from Penicillium sp. LXY140‐3. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments, which were supported by HR‐ESI‐MS data. The antiproliferative activities of all isolates against HCT‐116, A549 and Bel‐7402 cell lines were also evaluated. Compounds 2, 5, 6, 10 and 13 showed potent antiproliferative activity. To reveal the metabolic relationship of the two strains, we conducted co‐culture experiments to discover cross‐talk molecules by a device that allows only small molecule to communicate. Extensive HPLC/MS2 experiments were applied to identify the disturbance of the chemical profiles within the synthetic Penicillium‐Penicillium community. The fungal strain LXY140‐R was found to accumulate mono or multiple‐acetylation derivatives of deoxynivalenol (DON) sesquiterpenes as responsible molecules by the disturbance of the metabolites produced by the LXY140‐3 strain.
A Major Shell Protein of 1,2‐Propanediol Utilization Microcompartment Conserves the Activity of Its Signature Enzyme at Higher Temperatures
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Bari Naimat K. , Hazra Jagadish P. , Sinha Sharmistha
Published: March 2022

A classic example of an all‐protein natural nano‐bioreactor, the bacterial microcompartment is a prokaryotic organelle that confines enzymes in a small volume enveloped by an outer protein shell. These protein compartments metabolize specific organic molecules, allowing bacteria to survive in restricted nutrient environments. In this work, 1,2‐propanediol utilization microcompartment (PduMCP) was used as a model to study the effect of molecular confinement on the stability and catalytic activity of native enzymes in the microcompartment. A combination of enzyme assays, spectroscopic techniques, binding assays, and computational analysis were used to evaluate the impact of the major shell protein PduBB′ on the stability and activity of PduMCP′s signature enzyme, dioldehydratase PduCDE. While free PduCDE shows ∼45 % reduction in its optimum activity (activity at 37 °C) when exposed to a temperature of 45 °C, it retains similar activity up to 50 °C when encapsulated within PduMCP. PduBB′, a major component of the outer shell of PduMCP, preserves the catalytic efficiency of PduCDE under thermal stress and prevents temperature‐induced unfolding and aggregation of PduCDE in vitro. We observed that while both PduB and PduB′ interact with the enzyme with micromolar affinity, only the PduBB′ combination influences its activity and stability, highlighting the importance of the unique PduBB′ combination in the functioning of PduMCP.
Successful coil embolization with distal radial access for a ruptured radial artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Washimi Soichiro , Yamada Takeshi , Takahashi Akihiko
Published: March 2022

A 50‐year‐old man with a medical history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension was admitted to a university hospital for severe respiratory insufficiency caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. His arterial blood pressure and blood oxygen levels were monitored through a plastic cannula inserted in the radial artery in the intensive care unit. After recovery from respiratory insufficiency, the patient was moved to a local hospital where hematoma formation and skin necrosis at the puncture site were noted. On the 25th day from the initial admission, the patient developed massive bleeding from the wound on the hematoma and was transferred to our hospital on emergency. A 6‐Fr sheath introducer was inserted through the right distal radial artery in the anatomical snuff box, and instant hemostasis was accomplished without external compression. Thereafter, percutaneous thrombin injection for the pseudoaneurysm was conducted under ultrasound guidance. However, bleeding from the pseudoaneurysm was still observed after radial sheath withdrawal. We then performed coil embolization of the radial artery, which involved a coil proximal to the aneurysm, four coils in the neck of the aneurysm, and two coils distal to the aneurysm. Permanent hemostasis was achieved with no further vascular complications.
Demulsifier: An Important Agent in Breaking Crude Oil Emulsions
Authors: Alara Oluwaseun Ruth , Abdurahman Nour Hamid , Tade Moses Oludayo , Ali Hassan Alsaggaf , Alao Kehinde Temitope
Published: March 2022

Effectively breaking an emulsion is very important in the petroleum industry since the produced crude oil is accompanied by water, which is linked to emulsions and can cause various environmental issues. To resolve these issues, surfactants are combined with crude oil to achieve a stable emulsion. In turn, failure to effectively break the crude oil emulsion can later have both commercial and technical impacts on this industry, mostly in the transportation, refining, and treatment facilities. This review considers some past and current studies on crude oil, the formation and stability of emulsions, the demulsification process and its mechanisms, techniques used to break crude oil emulsions, and formulations of demulsifiers. It demonstrates that combinations of one or more separation modes and demulsification modeling can improve the efficiency of breaking crude oil emulsions.
Two‐Dimensional Ag−Fe−N/C Nanosheets as Efficient Cathode Catalyst to Improve Power‐Generation Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Lai Bi‐Lin , Xiao Zhi‐Hui , Jiang Peng‐Yang , Xie Yong , Li Nan , Liu Zhao‐Qing
Published: March 2022

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are expected to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, both the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and the formation of biofilm on the cathode prevent the efficient operation of MFC. Herein, zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF)‐derived Ag−Fe−N/C catalysts with good electrocatalytic activity are developed by a synthetic strategy of chemisorption, calcination, and photo‐deposition. The optimal Ag−Fe−N/C‐2 has a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.87 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M KOH. The MFC assembled as a cathode exhibits excellent power generation with a maximum power density of 523±7 mW m−2 and long‐term stability, which is better than commercial Pt/C. In addition, the Ag−Fe−N/C‐2 catalyst has the antibacterial ability, which affects the microbial community structure on the cathode biofilm. The results indicate that Ag−Fe−N/C as a bifunctional cathode catalyst with excellent electrocatalytic and antibacterial activity is beneficial to the efficient and long‐term stable operation of MFC.
Fe3O4 Templated Pyrolyzed Fe−N−C Catalysts. Understanding the role of N‐Functions and Fe3C on the ORR Activity and Mechanism
Authors: Venegas Ricardo , Zúñiga César , Zagal José H. , Toro‐Labbé Alejandro , Marco José F. , Menéndez Nieves , Muñoz‐Becerra Karina , Recio Francisco J.
Published: March 2022

Pyrolyzed non‐precious metal catalysts have been proposed as an alternative to substitute the expensive and scarce noble metal catalysts in several conversion energy reactions. For the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the pyrolyzed catalyst M−N−C (M: Fe or Co) presents remarkable catalytic activity in acid and alkaline media. These pyrolyzed materials show a high heterogeneity of active sites being the most active in the MNx moieties. The activity and stability of these catalysts are also conditioned by other structural parameters such as the area, the N‐doping, and by the presence of metal particles. In this study, we explore the use of Fe3O4 nanoparticles as templates and as iron sources to synthesize Fe−N−C. The best performance for the ORR in acidic media was reached with the catalysts using nanoparticles covered by PANI and iron salts as the precursor, with an onset potential of 0.85 vs. RHE and a direct 4‐electrons mechanism. We corroborated the use of the catalysts’ redox potential as reactivity descriptors and discussed the detrimental role of the presence of Fe3C metallic particles in the mechanism. Based on the experimental results, we performed DFT calculations to explore the influence of N‐doped species on the electronic density of the iron centers of FeN4 active sites, and we propose a theoretical model for increasing the activity based on the distance and ratio of N‐doping to iron center.
Strong Antibiotic Activity of the Myxocoumarin Scaffold in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hertrampf Gesa , Kusserow Kalina , Vojnovic Sandra , Pavic Aleksandar , Müller Jonas I. , Nikodinovic‐Runic Jasmina , Gulder Tobias A. M.
Published: March 2022

The increasing emergence of resistances against established antibiotics is a substantial threat to human health. The discovery of new compounds with potent antibiotic activity is thus of utmost importance. Within this work, we identify strong antibiotic activity of the natural product myxocoumarin B from Stigmatella aurantiaca MYX‐030 against a range of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens, including clinical isolates of MRSA. A focused library of structural analogs was synthesized to explore initial structure‐activity relationships and to identify equipotent myxocoumarin derivatives devoid of the natural nitro substituent to significantly streamline synthetic access. The cytotoxicity of the myxocoumarins as well as their potential to cure bacterial infections in vivo was established using a zebrafish model system. Our results reveal the exceptional antibiotic activity of the myxocoumarin scaffold and hence its potential for the development of novel antibiotics.
Upconversion Emission in Tm/Er/Yb Co‐Doped Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Single Crystals
Authors: Pan Yihua , Xu Shoulei , Li Siyao , Wang Daini , Yang Yuhua , Wu Wenxia , Goodman Bernard A. , Ta Shengdi , Deng Wen
Published: March 2022

Blue, green, and red emissions through upconversion and energy transfer processes are investigated as a function of the Tm3+ concentration in Tm/Er/Yb triply doped yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) crystals upon excitation at 980 nm. YSZ doped with 0.075–0.250 mol% Tm2O3, 1.50 mol% Er2O3, and 2.00 mol% Yb2O3 are prepared by the optical floating zone method, and confirmed to be in the cubic phase by X‐ray diffraction. The blue emission corresponds to the Tm3+ 1G4→3H6 transition, and is produced through a three‐photon process, whereas the green and red light are emitted through two‐photon processes from the Er3+ 2H11/2→4I15/2 and 4S3/2→4I15/2 transitions for green and the Er3+ 4F9/2→4I15/2 transition for red. However, interactions between the different lanthanide ions is a factor in determining the overall color of these triply doped crystals, and this is not simply a summation of the results from the singly doped systems, so this mechanism of energy transfer is discussed in detail. The CIE color chromaticity coordinates for the present samples under excitation at 980 nm approach (0.39, 0.55), which is in the yellow‐green region.
Direct fabrication of SU‐8 microchannel across an embedded chip for potentiometric bilayer lipid membrane sensor
Authors: Wakebe Hiromichi , Fukushima Takafumi , Tanaka Tetsu
Published: March 2022

Membrane proteins play a critically important role, especially in molecular and cellular transport processes, which makes them the most prevalent drug targets and also to be a good sensing element for biosensing applications. However, the skill‐dependent and manual fashion to form bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) has limited their use for application purposes. Here, we introduce a fabrication technique of SU‐8 microchannel suitable for microfluidic‐based BLM formation and show a preliminary step of our ISFET‐based BLM sensor. Making notches on the corners of a rectangular through‐wafer hole etched in a silicon carrier substrate reduced the gap width between an embedded chip and the carrier as close as possible, leading to the gap depth of 4 μm. SU‐8 microchannel on the chip‐carrier assembly was directly fabricated by UV exposure through a bonded quartz lid and developing SU‐8 through the fluidic ports drilled in the lid, without needing a sealing process typically causes an alignment mismatch or void formation. Finally, the capability to form BLMs was tested and proven by the successfully encapsulated fluorescent dye in microwells fabricated on the embedded chip. This paper is the first report of the successful formation of BLMs on a chip‐in‐carrier assembly by the microfluidic method.
Change in fire frequency drives a shift in species composition in native Eucalyptus regnans forests: Implications for overstorey forest structure and transpiration
Authors: Lakmali Shyanika , Benyon Richard G. , Sheridan Gary J. , Lane Patrick N. J.
Published: March 2022

The world's most iconic forests are under threat from climate change. Climate‐fire‐vegetation feedback mechanisms are altering the usual successional trajectories of forests. Many obligate seeder forests across the globe are experiencing regeneration failures and subsequent alterations to their recovery trajectories. For example, the persistence of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. forests in southeast Australia is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate‐driven increases in wildfire frequency. Shortening of the wildfire return interval from >100 years to < 20 years would inhibit or entirely stop regeneration of E. regnans, leading to replacement with understorey species such as Acacia dealbata Link. In this study, it is hypothesised that following such replacement, forest overstorey structure and transpiration will diverge. An experiment was designed to test this hypothesis by measuring and comparing overstorey transpiration and structural properties, including sapwood area and leaf area, between E. regnans and A. dealbata over a chronosequence (10‐, 20‐, 35‐ and 75‐/80‐year‐old forests). We found that overstorey structure significantly diverged between the two forest types throughout the life cycle of A. dealbata after age 20. The study revealed strikingly different temporal patterns of water use, indicating a highly significant eco‐hydrologic change as a result of this species replacement. Overall, the results provide a strong indication that after age 20, overstorey transpiration in Acacia‐dominated forests is substantially lower than in the E. regnans forests they replace. This difference may lead to divergence in water yield from forested catchments where this species replacement is widespread.
The response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in LMNA cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sidhu Kiran , Castrini Anna Isotta , Parikh Victoria , Reza Nosheen , Owens Anjali , Tremblay‐Gravel Maxime , Wheeler Matthew T. , Mestroni Luisa , Taylor Matthew , Graw Sharon , Gigli Marta , Merlo Marco , Paldino Alessia , Sinagra Gianfranco , Judge Daniel P. , Ramos Hannia , Mesubi Olurotimi , Brown Emily , Turnbull Samual , Kumar Saurabh , Roy Darius , Tedrow Usha B. , Ngo Long , Haugaa Kristina , Lakdawala Neal K.
Published: March 2022

Aims

Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy is fundamental to the management of LMNA cardiomyopathy due to the high frequency of atrioventricular block and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. We aimed to define the role of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in impacting heart failure in LMNA cardiomyopathy.

Methods and results

From nine referral centres, LMNA cardiomyopathy patients who underwent CRT with available pre‐ and post‐echocardiograms were identified retrospectively. Factors associated with CRT response were identified (defined as improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≥5% 6 months post‐implant) and the associated impact on the primary outcome of death, implantation of a left ventricular assist device or cardiac transplantation was assessed. We identified 105 patients (mean age 51 ± 10 years) undergoing CRT, including 70 (67%) who underwent CRT as a CIED upgrade. The mean change in LVEF ∼6 months post‐CRT was +4 ± 9%. A CRT response occurred in 40 (38%) patients and was associated with lower baseline LVEF or a high percentage of right ventricular pacing prior to CRT in patients with pre‐existing CIED. In patients with a European Society of Cardiology class I guideline indication for CRT, response rates were 61%. A CRT response was evident at thresholds of LVEF ≤45% or percent pacing ≥50%. There was a 1.3 year estimated median difference in event‐free survival in those who responded to CRT (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Systolic function improves in patients with LMNA cardiomyopathy who undergo CRT, especially with strong guideline indications for implantation. Post‐CRT improvements in LVEF are associated with survival benefits in this population with otherwise limited options.
Synthesis of Disilanes, Dihydrosiloles, and 1,4‐Disilacyclohexa‐2,5‐dienes by Transition‐Metal‐Free Transfer of Diphenylsilylene and Dimethylsilylene from Silylboronic Esters
Authors: Sasaki Ikuo , Maebashi Asahi , Li Jiaying , Ohmura Toshimichi , Suginome Michinori
Published: March 2022

We found that the transfer of diphenylsilylene (Ph2Si:) from Ph2(Et2N)Si−B(pin) (1 a) takes place in toluene or p‐xylene at 110–135 °C under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The reaction of alkoxysilanes with 1 a affords alkoxydisilanes through the insertion of diphenylsilylene into the Si−O bond. Dihydrosiloles and a 1,4‐disilacyclohexa‐2,5‐diene are synthesized by the reaction of 1 a with 1,3‐dienes and an alkyne, respectively, through cycloaddition of the carbon‐carbon unsaturated bonds with diphenylsilylene. Me2(Et2N)Si−B(pin) (10) is applicable to the transition‐metal‐free transfer of dimethylsilylene (Me2Si:).
Copper‐Mediated Synthesis of (E)‐β‐Aminoacrylonitriles from 1,2,3‐Triazine and Secondary Amines
Authors: Ou Yang Cheng‐Hsin , Liu Wan‐Hsuan , Yang Sheng , Chiang Yao‐Yu , Shie Jiun‐Jie
Published: March 2022

We describe a simple protocol for the synthesis of (E)‐β‐aminoacrylonitriles via Cu(OAc)2‐mediated nucleophilic addition of secondary amines to 1,2,3‐triazine 1 and an aerobic oxidation reaction. The reactions, which were studied with a broad substrate scope, are effective with cyclic, heterocyclic, aliphatic, allylic, and benzylic amines as well as l‐proline derivatives. The reactions use catalytic Cu(OAc)2 to promote 1,2,3‐triazine addition with various secondary amines, followed by in situ loss of nitrogen and subsequent imine oxidation to generate the corresponding (E)‐β‐aminoacrylonitriles in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities. These copper(II)‐mediated aerobic oxidation reactions proceed under mild reaction conditions by oxidation of the Cu(II) species using molecular oxygen to complete the cycle without the participation of ligand, base or chemical oxidant additives.
bletl ‐ A Python package for integrating BioLector microcultivation devices in the Design‐Build‐Test‐Learn cycle
Authors: Osthege Michael , Tenhaef Niklas , Zyla Rebecca , Müller Carolin , Hemmerich Johannes , Wiechert Wolfgang , Noack Stephan , Oldiges Marco
Published: March 2022

Microbioreactor (MBR) devices have emerged as powerful cultivation tools for tasks of microbial phenotyping and bioprocess characterization and provide a wealth of online process data in a highly parallelized manner. Such datasets are difficult to interpret in short time by manual workflows. In this study, we present the Python package bletl and show how it enables robust data analyses and the application of machine learning techniques without tedious data parsing and preprocessing. bletl reads raw result files from BioLector I, II and Pro devices to make all the contained information available to Python‐based data analysis workflows. Together with standard tooling from the Python scientific computing ecosystem, interactive visualizations and spline‐based derivative calculations can be performed. Additionally, we present a new method for unbiased quantification of time‐variable specific growth rate based on unsupervised switchpoint detection with Student‐t distributed random walks. With an adequate calibration model, this method enables practitioners to quantify time‐variable growth rate with Bayesian uncertainty quantification and automatically detect switch‐points that indicate relevant metabolic changes. Finally, we show how time series feature extraction enables the application of machine learning methods to MBR data, resulting in unsupervised phenotype characterization. As an example, Neighbor Embedding (t‐SNE) is performed to visualize datasets comprising a variety of growth/DO/pH phenotypes.
Electrochemical Preparation of Poly(N‐anthraquinoyl pyrrole) as High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Organic Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Chaoxu , Zhang Xin , Wang Ying , Qin Meng , Shi Yanjun , Chen Zhidong , Wang Wenchang , Cao Jianyu , Xu Juan
Published: March 2022

Anthraquinone and its derivatives show compelling electrochemical activities in lithium‐ion batteries due to their abundant redox‐active carbonyl groups and desirable π‐conjugated structures. However, anthraquinone‐based compounds often suffer from inferior material utilization, a low‐capacity retention rate, and short cycle life due to poor conductivities and unexpected dissolution properties in supporting electrolytes during the charge/discharge cycles. To solve these problems, a novel grafted polymer, poly(N‐anthraquinoyl pyrrole) (e‐PAQPy), containing redox‐active anthraquinone subunits and conductive polypyrrole groups, is prepared by an electrochemical polymerization method and employed as the cathode material for organic lithium‐ion batteries. Polypyrrole backbone chain in e‐PAQPy is utilized both to bring into high electronic conductivity and to decrease the solubility of the anthraquinone subunits. As expected, the e‐PAQPy exhibits a high specific capacity (196.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), good rate performance (70.8 mAh g−1 at 3 C), and long cycle stability (79% of the initial capacity after 500 cycles).
Arc‐Shaped Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wind Energy Harvesting
Authors: Wang Nan , Huang Hui , Zhu Wenxuan , Zhao Xue , Yang Ya
Published: March 2022

The insufficient contact between triboelectric surfaces has been a key problem faced by wind driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices. We have designed and fabricated an arc‐shaped‐TENG (AS‐TENG) based on the single‐side fixed working mode. AS‐TENG includes two arc structures with a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film and a stainless steel layer. Due to the inherent stiffness of the stainless steel layer and the arc structure design, the bent stainless steel can fully contact the FEP films attached to the arc structure, enhancing the effects of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. The influence of the arc center angle, angle between the two arc structures, thickness of stainless steel layer on the electrical output have been systematically studied. The open‐circuit voltage and the output power obtained with the best structure design were 330 V and 2 mW, respectively. Moreover, an integrated device consisting of five AS‐TENG units was fabricated. When the wind speed was 20 ms−1, the integrated device can provide a short circuit current of about 55 μA. Due to the characteristics of simple fabrication, small size and easy integration, the AS‐TENG exhibited great potential in wind energy harvesting.
Cognitive flexibility and attention to detail in adolescents and adults with severe forms of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Berthoz Sylvie , Maria Anne‐Solène , Ringuenet Damien , Bourdier Léna , Nicolas Isabelle , Blanchet Corinne , Foulon Christine , Lavoisy Guillaume , Godart Nathalie , Barry Caroline
Published: March 2022

Objective

To determine if adolescents and adults diagnosed with anorexia nervosa differ in their levels of cognitive flexibility and attention to detail independently of potential confounds.

Method

Sixty‐two adolescents and 54 adults were assessed while receiving inpatient treatment and completed the following self‐reports: Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Performance‐based evaluations included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Computerised Version, the Comprehensive Trail Making Test, the Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test, the Rey Complex Figure and the Group Embedded Figures Test.

Results

Comparisons of the adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa revealed no significant differences for any of the neuropsychological test scores even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Neither cognitive flexibility nor attention to detail were associated with level of eating disorder symptomatology, depression, anxiety or obsessive‐compulsive symptomatology. Unlike age, illness duration was found weakly associated with perseverative errors Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and with the central coherence index of the Rey Complex Figure recall condition.

Conclusions

Set‐shifting and central coherence performance were independent of age, clinical symptoms severity and emotional status. Additional studies on the relationship between the duration of anorexia nervosa and neuropsychological difficulties are needed.