bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle aggregation kinematics and nanofluid flow in convectively heated outer stationary and inner stretched coaxial cylinders: Influenced by linear, nonlinear, and quadratic thermal radiation
Authors: Saad Albalawi Kholoud , Karthik K. , Madhu J. , Bin-Asfour Mona , Alkahtani Badr Saad T. , Alazman Ibtehal , Kumar R. Naveen
Published: May 2024

The consequence of nanoparticle aggregation and convective boundary condition on the nanofluid stream past the co-axial cylinder with radiation impact is investigated in the present examination. The influence of linear, nonlinear, and quadratic thermal radiation on the nanofluid flow is analyzed. The outer cylinder stays stable, while the inner cylinder deforms horizontally in the axial direction, allowing fluid to flow. By using similarity variables, the governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Subsequently, the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth-fifth order (RKF-45) method is employed to solve the reduced ODEs. The upshot of several nondimensional terms on the temperature and velocity profiles is displayed with graphical representation. The comparison of linear, quadratic, and nonlinear thermal radiation on the thermal profile is illustrated. The upsurge in curvature parameter increases velocity and thermal profile. The increase in radiation parameter intensifies the temperature profile. The thermal profile improves with a rise in the values of radiation parameter. The radiation parameter generates thermal energy in the flow zone, which is why the temperature field has improved. The thermal Biot number exhibits an increasing response with temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness. The linear thermal radiation shows better heat transfer compared to quadratic and nonlinear thermal radiation.
Crystal structure, magnetic and electrical transport properties of titanium-doped half-Heusler alloys Ni1−xTixMnSb
Authors: Rutkauskas A. V. , Kichanov S. E. , Vershinina T. N. , Rymski G. S. , Dang N. T. , Hoang T. P. , Tran T. A. , Phan N.-L. , Tien D. P. T. , Thinh P. D. , Khan D. T.
Published: May 2024

[Formula: see text]TixMnSb polycrystalline alloys in the range [Formula: see text] were synthesized employing the standard solid-phase synthesis method. The crystal, magnetic, as well as electrical properties of the alloys were investigated using neutron powder diffraction and magneto-resistance measurements. The results reveal that the substitution of Ti for Ni within the temperature range of 2.5–300 K does not induce alterations in the crystal and magnetic structures of NiMnSb. The ordered Ni magnetic moment approaches zero. The study of the electrical transport properties of the [Formula: see text]TixMnSb alloys, where [Formula: see text], has demonstrated a half-metallic state at low temperatures and metallic conductivity for temperatures exceeding 160 K. A semiconductor state manifests at titanium concentrations of x = 0.2 and was observed at temperatures below 21 K. The obtained experimental results are elucidated through first-principles theoretical calculations.
Aluminum oxide droplet collisions: Molecular dynamics study
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Mengjun , Liu Pingan , Huang Xi , Ji Zhengtao , Gao Song
Published: May 2024

In this work, the induced coalescence mechanism and dynamic contact behavior of alumina (Al2O3) droplets at different impact velocities were investigated for the first time from a microscopic point of view by molecular dynamics (MD) methods through the analysis of axial speed, shrinkage, neck radius ratio, contact force, temperature, kinetic energy, surface energy, and the amount of change in the internal energy of the droplets. The results show that the minimum speed at which collisional coalescence of Al2O3 droplets occurs is 30 m/s. When the speed is lower than 30 m/s, the droplets undergo bounce phenomena due to the Coulomb force. Under the high-speed impact, the inertia force of Al2O3 droplets acts less than the surface tension and viscous resistance. The droplets don’t get squashed in the whole collision process. For the different initial velocities, the magnitude of the contact force on a unilateral droplet during the collision process does not always increase with speed. When the collision speed is not higher than 400[Formula: see text]m/s, the contact force on the droplets eventually stabilizes at about 0.28[Formula: see text]Kcal/(mol⋅Å), whereas this value is about 0.36[Formula: see text]Kcal/(mol⋅Å) and about 0.5[Formula: see text]Kcal/(mol⋅Å) for the intervals from 500[Formula: see text]m/s to 700[Formula: see text]m/s and from 800[Formula: see text]m/s to 1000[Formula: see text]m/s, respectively. The increase of the droplet’s initial speed has a limited contribution to the temperature of the system after the collision, and the amount of loss of the total energy (the sum of kinetic energy, surface energy, and internal energy changes) becomes more pronounced, even up to about 20% when the speed reaches 900[Formula: see text]m/s. At the same time, we predicted the Al2O3 melting point and compared it with the standard melting point with an error of 2%, proving the accuracy of the model. This work can strengthen our understanding of the industrial processes with applications in high-energy nanomaterials, rocket propellants, rocket structure design and performance optimization.
Stochastic supervised networks for numerical treatment of Eyring–Powell nanofluid model with Darcy Forchheimer slip flow involving bioconvection and nonlinear thermal radiation
Authors: Shah Zahoor , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Shoaib Muhammad , Khan Imtiaz , Kiani Adiqa Kausar
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to estimate the solution of Eyring–Powell nanofluid model (EPNFM) with Darcy Forchheimer slip flow involving bioconvection and nonlinear thermal radiation by employing stupendous knacks of neural networks-based Bayesian computational intelligence (NNBCI). A dataset for the designed NNBCI is generated with Adam numerical procedure for sundry variations of EPNFM by use of several variants including slip constant, Schmidt number, mixed convection parameter, Prandtl number, and bioconvection Lewis parameter. Numerical computations of various physical parameters of interest on EPNFM are estimated with artificial intelligence-based NNBCI and compared with reference data values generated with Adam’s numerical procedure. The accuracy, efficacy, and convergence of the proposed NNBCI to successfully solve the EPNFM are endorsed through M.S.E, statistical instance distribution studies of error-histograms, and assessment of regression metric. The proposed dataset exhibits a close alignment with the reference dataset based on error analysis from level E[Formula: see text] to E[Formula: see text] authenticates the precision of the designed procedure NNBCI for solving EPNFMs. The executive and novel physical importance of parameters governing the flow, such as nanofluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, are discussed. The observations imply that the presence of the slip constant, mixed convection parameter and Lewis number influences the velocity of the nanofluid. However, it is observed that temperature of the nanofluid declines for higher values of Prandl number while the concentration of nanofluid improves with increasing values of Schmidt number.
Impact of the Stefan gusting on a bioconvective nanofluid with the various slips over a rotating disc and a substance-responsive species
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Rao M. Venkata Subba , Kumari Manda Aruna , Wakif Abderrahim
Published: May 2024

This paper presents thorough computational and theoretical analyses of steady forced convective flow over a rotating disc submerged in a water-based nanofluid containing microorganisms. It delves into the examination of boundary layer flow characteristics of a viscous nanofluid, considering Stefan blowing effects and multiple slip conditions influenced by a magnetic field. Notably, the study accounts for novel aspects such as thermal radiation and both constructive and destructive chemical reactions. The movement of nanoparticles is elucidated based on thermophoresis and microscopic behaviors, while changes in volume fraction do not affect the thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid. To address the altered nonlinear set of differential equations, an effective numerical approach, the Keller-Box method, is implemented for critical and efficient solutions. These appropriate transformations are defined and applied. When compared to blowing suction, it shows a better enhancement in the rate of heat transfer, mass, and microorganisms. Some of the main observations are there is a decrease in wall skin friction in the directions of radial and tangential as magnetic field strength is increased. The evaluation of thermal boundary layer thickness and temperature is noted for the radiation parameter (Rd) improvement. The present analysis has applications in electromagnetic micro-pumps and nanomechanics. As to the applications in the science and engineering fields, technologies such as micro-electromechanical systems-based microfluidic devices and microfluidic-related technologies will be accepted.
Kerr black hole evaporation and Page curve
Authors: Nian Jun
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we compute the black hole entropy and the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiations due to photons during the evaporation of a 4D asymptotically flat Kerr black hole. The Page curve for the Kerr black hole is obtained in the original way à la Page, and it qualitatively mimics the curve for the Schwarzschild black hole but has some new features.
EFFECTS OF RHYTHMIC REPRODUCTION ON THE SURVIVAL OF COOPERATORS
Authors: KANG JUN-WON , OH HYO-JUNG , JEON JAE-GYU , KIM CHONGHYUCK , KIM CHAN-YOUNG
Published: May 2024

Organisms on Earth are known to evolve by cooperating with their neighbors in external environments. These cooperating organisms are under the influence of circadian rhythms derived from Earth’s rotation and have various biological rhythms within them. However, little is known about the effects of these rhythms on the cooperation of organisms. In this study, we investigate the effects of the biological rhythms on the survival of cooperators in evolution using evolutionary game theory. We focused on the rhythm in reproduction among the various biological rhythms that organisms have. Our results are as follows. Rhythmic reproductions play a role in limiting the survival of cooperators; they reduce the survival limits of cooperators compared to when there is no rhythm. Their limiting force is sensitive to the number of interacting neighbors, however. When the number of interacting neighbors is relatively small, the effects of rhythm in reproduction on the survival limits of cooperators are not significant. As the number of interacting neighbors increases, the limiting force of rhythmic reproductions becomes more powerful, gradually decreasing the survival limits of cooperators. Variations of rhythm in reproduction do not alter the survival limits; they only cause fluctuations in the population of cooperators within the survival limits. Our findings suggest that the rhythmic reproductions in evolution determine the survival domain of cooperators, where the number of interacting neighbors is a major factor along with rhythmic reproductions. Organisms under the constant pressure imposed by rhythmic reproductions may need to find the optimal number of interacting neighbors to survive and evolve to a new level through cooperation.
ON A NEW α-CONVEXITY WITH RESPECT TO A PARAMETER: APPLICATIONS ON THE MEANS AND FRACTIONAL INEQUALITIES
Authors: SAMRAIZ MUHAMMAD , ATTA TAHIRA , NABWEY HOSSAM A. , NAHEED SAIMA , ETEMAD SINA
Published: May 2024

In this research, we introduce a new and generalized family of convex functions, entitled the [Formula: see text]-convex functions in the second sense with respect to a parameter and examine their important algebraic properties. Based on this novel convexity concept, we explore a new class of fractional integral inequalities for functions that are twice differentiable. These results are derived from fundamental identities obtained using classical Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. To validate our findings, we provide 2D and 3D graphs of the main results. Furthermore, as an additional aspect of our study, we explore error estimates for differences of generalized means.
Firm Value and Financial Performance: Impact of Sustainability Disclosure in the Aviation Industry
Authors: Yadav Shweta , Hooda Sanjay Kumar
Published: May 2024

The Firm Value (FV) and Financial Performance (FP), which cover the firm’s operational and financial outputs, are considered as a set of partial organizational effectiveness and financial attitude of stakeholders. Hence, sustainability disclosures contribute value driver factors for firms to maximize the stakeholder’s benefits. The adoption and impact of sustainability disclosure in various industries have been shown by numerous existing studies. Astonishingly, some studies lack the adoption of sustainability disclosure in the aviation industry. These impacts on FV and FP in the aviation industry have received little attention and remain largely unexplored, despite an increase in the sustainability disclosure implementation. Hence, this work will focus on the sustainability disclosure’s impact on the aviation industry and explore the relationship between sustainability disclosure with FV and FP. Data have been considered from 44 airlines from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database from 2017 to 2022. A study of the result has been analyzed by utilizing multiple Regression Analysis (RA). The outcome displayed that variables of environmental and Governance Pillar Score (GS) have a positive relationship with the FP and FV in the aviation industry. Also, it revealed that the relationship between sustainability disclosure and FV and FP has been significantly moderated by the size of firms.
The Responses of Grassroots Leadership to Rural Environmental Protests in China
Authors: KANG YEJU
Published: May 2024

Focusing on the escalation of environmental protests amid worsening pollution in rural China, this study examines the responses of grassroots authorities to environmental protests. Through an analysis of several cases, it reveals that grassroots leadership suppresses, mediates, and sometimes even leads these movements. Accordingly, I raise the following questions: (1) How does China’s grassroots leadership respond to environmental protests? (2) Why does it choose to lead them? To answer these questions, this study posits local cadres as actors intending to maximize their self-interest within conflicting incentives, reaching the conclusion that under certain conditions, leading a protest can be a better option for their cost-benefit considerations. I argue that the varying behaviors of local cadres are contingent upon two crucial factors: (1) the degree of economic benefits derived from polluting companies; and (2) the degree of social unrest resulting from environmental protests. These factors are pivotal in shaping the economic and political interests of local cadres that influence their responses toward environmental activism.
A sub-additive inequality for the volume spectrum
Authors: Dey Akashdeep
Published: May 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a closed Riemannian manifold and [Formula: see text] be the volume spectrum of [Formula: see text]. We will show that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the one-parameter Almgren–Pitts width of [Formula: see text]. We will also prove the analogous inequality for the [Formula: see text]-phase-transition spectrum [Formula: see text] using the Allen–Cahn approach.
Evolution inclusions with non-fixed times of impulses
Authors: Donchev Tzanko , Kitanov Nikolay , Garkova Boyana , Nikolova Iveta
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we study evolution inclusions on Gelfand triple with not fixed times of impulses. We assume that the right-hand side satisfies some mild conditions to prove existence of solutions. Then we prove a continuous dependence of the solution set on the initial conditions, impulsive surfaces and the right-hand side under one-sided Lipschitz condition. Illustrative examples of partial differential inclusions are provided.
Study of nonlocal impulsive conformable fractional evolution problems
Authors: Taqbibt Abdellah , Chefnaj Najat , Hilal Khalid , Elomari M’hamed
Published: May 2024

The objective of this paper is to study the existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions for some nonlocal impulsive evolution problems involving conformable fractional derivative. The main results are based on fixed point theorems combined with the semigroup theory. As applications, we give an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Rings of functions which are discontinuous on a finite set with countable range
Authors: Singha Achintya , Mandal D. , Mandal Samir Ch. , Bag Sagarmoy
Published: May 2024

Consider the ring [Formula: see text] comprising real-valued functions exhibiting discontinuity on finite sets with a countable range. Within this context, we explore the [Formula: see text]-filters on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-ideals in [Formula: see text]. We establish an adaptation of the Gelfand–Kolmogoroff theorem within this framework and present various equivalent conditions when [Formula: see text] conforms to the properties of a Baer-ring or a regular ring. Additionally, we delve into the zero divisor graph analysis within [Formula: see text].
Fabrication of flame-retardant PA6/three-dimensional braided glass fiber composites via in situ polymerization
Authors: Zhang Run , Wang Jiaming , Jia Mingyin , Wen Bianying
Published: May 2024

Reaction injection molding method is employed to improve flame retardancy and mechanical properties of three-dimensional braided glass fiber (3D-braided-GF) reinforced in situ polymerized polyamide 6 (PA6) composites. The kernel lies in adding flame retardants, hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP), to the reactive monomers to allow it to be in situ filled into composites during preparing PA6 through anionic polymerization, which enables flame retardants to achieve better dispersion. In addition, extremely low-viscosity reactive monomers are easier to immerse in 3D-braided-GF, ameliorating interfacial adhesion between GF and PA6. The preliminary research indicates that samples with 10 wt.% HPCTP concentration can achieve the best mechanical properties and a satisfied flame-retardant grade (UL 94 HB). However, with the incorporation of 15 wt.% HPCTP into samples, the optimum flame-retardant grade (UL 94 V2) and the reduced mechanical performance are obtained. Furthermore, a dual flame retardancy mechanism in both gaseous and condensed phases of samples is further elucidated. This study can provide a reference for scenarios with high requirements for the flame-retardant and mechanical properties, such as high-speed rail and aircraft.
Iodine- and nitrogen-CO-doped carbon flower materials for the anode electrode of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Ying , Zhao Yaxin , Liu Ruifeng , Zhang Luyao , Zhang Junzhe , Hu Xinlong , Lei Fang , Wang Huiqi
Published: May 2024

As green anode materials with wide distribution, controllable cost, and diversified structure, carbon materials have received more attention. In this paper, iodine- and nitrogen-co-doped carbon flower materials were prepared. The flower-like structure of the material ensures the rapid diffusion of lithium ions, and the synergistic effect of iodine and nitrogen atoms improves the pore size distribution, the conductivity and the active sites of carbon materials realizing the high ion storage and the fast charge diffusion. As the anode material of lithium-ion batteries, the iodine- and nitrogen-co-doped carbon flower could have the capacitance of 410 mAh g[Formula: see text] at the current density of 0.1 A g[Formula: see text] after 150 cycles and 181 mAh g[Formula: see text] at the high current density of 2.0 A g[Formula: see text] after 1000 cycles. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, kinetics, and GITT show this material has fast charge transport kinetics and excellent rate performance.
Connectivity keeping paths for k-connected bipartite graphs
Authors: Ji Meng
Published: May 2024

Luo, Tian and Wu [Discrete Math. 345(4) (2022) 112788] conjectured that for any tree [Formula: see text] with bipartition [Formula: see text], every [Formula: see text]-connected bipartite graph [Formula: see text] with minimum degree at least [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], contains a tree [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. In the paper, we confirm the conjecture when [Formula: see text] is an odd path on [Formula: see text] vertices. We remind that Yang and Tian [Proof of a conjecture on connectivity keeping odd paths in k-connected bipartite graphs, arXiv:2209.08373v2] also prove the same result by a different way.
Extremal graphs with respect to modified Sombor index
Authors: Eshrati Ali Asghar , Ilmakchi Mohammad , Jahanbani Akbar , Raei Fatemeh
Published: May 2024

The modified Sombor (mSO) index of a given graph [Formula: see text] is symbolized with mSO and define by sum of the weights [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the degree of a vertex [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. In this work, we present the first and second maximum values of the mSO index among all [Formula: see text]-vertex [Formula: see text]-cyclic graphs. We also provide that the mSO index attains its maximum and second maximum on two classes of chemical graphs. Finally, we will present new lower and upper bounds for the mSO index of connected chemical graphs.
Traffic probability for rectangular random matrices
Authors: Zitelli Gregory
Published: May 2024

This article develops a rectangular version of Male’s theory of traffic probability, in which an algebra is equipped with a trace evaluated on arbitrary graphs whose edges are labeled by elements and whose vertices are subspaces. Using the language of traffic distributions, we characterize the asymptotic behavior of independent families of rectangular random matrices which are bi-permutation invariant. In the process, we take a tour of non-commutative probabilities and their random matrix models. Special attention is paid to rectangular random matrices with independent or exchangeable entries, including the existence and description of limiting ∗-distributions for a broad range of models.
Structured random matrices and cyclic cumulants: A free probability approach
Authors: Bernard Denis , Hruza Ludwig
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce a new class of large structured random matrices characterized by four fundamental properties which we discuss. We prove that this class is stable under matrix-valued and pointwise nonlinear operations. We then formulate an efficient method, based on an extremization problem, for computing the spectrum of subblocks of such large structured random matrices. We present different proofs — combinatorial or algebraic — of the validity of this method, which all have some connection with free probability. We illustrate this method with well-known examples of unstructured matrices, including Haar randomly rotated matrices, as well as with the example of structured random matrices arising in the quantum symmetric simple exclusion process.
Empirical likelihood inference for time-varying coefficient autoregressive models
Authors: Zhang Xilin , Fan Guoliang , Xu Hongxia
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we propose time-varying coefficient autoregressive models (TVARMs) of [Formula: see text]th order as a solution for capturing the nonlinear structure of multiple explanatory variables. The stationary [Formula: see text]-mixing sequence of autoregressive variables is considered. We apply empirical likelihood approach to investigate confidence regions of the autoregressive coefficients of the TVARMs, and establish the nonparametric version of Wilks’ theorem of the proposed empirical log-likelihood ratio. Further, the maximum empirical likelihood estimator of the autoregressive coefficients and its asymptotic distribution are also obtained. Besides, to determine the order of autoregression, penalized empirical likelihood approach is developed with the help of smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty and the resultant penalized estimators have the oracle property. Simulation studies and an analysis of monthly Chinese price index dataset are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods.
Participatory Planning in Designing Autonomous Mobility Systems: A Design Thinking Approach
Authors: Kurniawan Jude H. , Miller Kristine , Chng Samuel , Blessing Lucienne T. M. , Cheah Lynette
Published: May 2024

The adoption of participatory planning approaches in the deployment of new mobility solutions is rare. In this study, we conducted a community-based planning exercise using design thinking approaches to engage residents in co-creating an Autonomous Mobility System (AMS) for their neighborhood in Singapore. Through this process, a baseline understanding of participants’ attitude toward autonomous vehicles (AVs) was established, along with understanding the residents’ travel patterns and challenges. A co-creation activity guided participants to design their ideal AMS for the local community living in the Punggol residential district in Singapore. The exercise resulted in 20 unique designs of AMS, producing novel ideas such as suitable AV-holding areas and service zones. The results of the design activities provided insights into community-level priority and values. For AMS, providing alternative transport options that complemented existing train and bus services was the priority. As participants co-designed an AMS that fitted their needs as well as the needs of other participants, the designs also suggested that participants valued transport equity and accessibility, especially for the marginalized population, highlighting the importance of a human-centric design approach to transportation planning.
Seismic stratigraphy of the Cretaceous post-rift sedimentary interval in the Punta del Este Basin (offshore Uruguay) and its implications for deep-water reservoirs
Authors: Sequeira Marcos , Morales Ethel , Conti Bruno
Published: May 2024

The formation of the Punta del Este Basin is associated with the fragmentation of West Gondwana and consequently the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean during the Early Cretaceous. The basin comprises the Cretaceous depocentre of the Uruguayan continental margin (UCM). This study provides a seismic stratigraphic analysis of the Cretaceous post-rift sedimentary interval in the basin by defining its seismic facies, depositional sequences, shelf-edge trajectories and palaeophysiographical settings. All depositional sequences of the Cretaceous post-rift sedimentary interval represent intense basinward progradation marked by two depositional trends. The Lower Cretaceous sedimentary interval exhibits a dominant flat-to-descending shelf-edge trajectory with a migration of up to 37 km. Deposition occurred over an irregular physiography with proximal NW–SE and distal WSW–ENE trends controlled by the characteristics of the volcanic margin. The basin geometry has strong implications for understanding the deposition of a deep-water turbidite system in the UCM, with a strong analogy to the recent discovery of the Venus well in the Orange Basin, offshore Namibia. Towards the Late Cretaceous, the NW–SE depositional trend was controlled by a NE–SW slope break, indicating deposition over the south and north highs. A low-angle ascending shelf-edge trajectory was observed, with a migration of up to 16 km.
A quantitative study of the microstructure of Indian Gondwana shale: a fractal and algebraic topology approach
Authors: Sarkar Piyush , Sahoo Swarandeep , Nagpal Umang , Singh T. N.
Published: May 2024

This paper covers a novel micro-level application of image processing in understanding the topological and petrophysical properties of Indian Gondwana shale using X-ray computed microtomography images. The complexity and randomness in the pore system are explained through the concept of fractal dimension (FD). In this paper, a quantitative analysis of 2D and 3D fractal dimensions of pores, grains and interfaces was performed for Indian Gondwana shale, using the box-counting method. A pore network is formed by the connection of many subpore clusters, each with a different volume. Hence, an image segmentation algorithm was applied to label different subclusters, and subsequently an analysis of FD was carried out on such subclusters of pores and grains. We implemented a novel application of Betti numbers (B0, B1 and B2) and Euler characteristics on our sample and calculated the possible flow channels of the sample. The FD of grains was found to be greater than the FD of the pore–grain interfaces, while the FD of pores was found to have the smallest value. Consequently, we also observed how the FD of both pores and grains was majorly controlled by the largest subcluster, and during fluid intrusion we observed a significant decrease in the FD of pores. Finally, the pore network with a larger B0 and larger difference of B1 was proved to be best for the storage of hydrocarbons and for fluid movement along more flow channels.
Spatially Resolved Single-Cell Omics: Methods, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Dezem Felipe Segato , Arjumand Wani , DuBose Hannah , Morosini Natalia Silva , Plummer Jasmine
Published: May 2024

Overlaying omics data onto spatial biological dimensions has been a promising technology to provide high-resolution insights into the interactome and cellular heterogeneity relative to the organization of the molecular microenvironment of tissue samples in normal and disease states. Spatial omics can be categorized into three major modalities: (a) next-generation sequencing–based assays, (b) imaging-based spatially resolved transcriptomics approaches including in situ hybridization/in situ sequencing, and (c) imaging-based spatial proteomics. These modalities allow assessment of transcripts and proteins at a cellular level, generating large and computationally challenging datasets. The lack of standardized computational pipelines to analyze and integrate these nonuniform structured data has made it necessary to apply artificial intelligence and machine learning strategies to best visualize and translate their complexity. In this review, we summarize the currently available techniques and computational strategies, highlight their advantages and limitations, and discuss their future prospects in the scientific field.
mTORC1 and BMP-Smad1/5 regulation of serum-stimulated myotube hypertrophy: a role for autophagy
Authors: Zhang Quan , Halle Jessica L. , Counts Brittany R. , Pi Min , Carson James A.
Published: May 2024

The present study demonstrates that myotube hypertrophy caused by chronic serum stimulation requires mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling but not bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad1/5 signaling. The suppression of autophagy flux was associated with serum-induced myotube hypertrophy and mTORC1 regulation of autophagy flux by measuring LC3BII/I expression. Rapamycin is widely investigated for beneficial effects in aging skeletal muscle and sarcopenia; our results provide evidence that rapamycin can regulate autophagy-related signaling during myotube growth, which could benefit skeletal muscle functional and metabolic health.
The interactive effect of sustained sleep restriction and resistance exercise on skeletal muscle transcriptomics in young females
Authors: Knowles Olivia E. , Soria Megan , Saner Nicholas J. , Trewin Adam J. , Alexander Sarah E. , Roberts Spencer S. H. , Hiam Danielle , Garnham Andrew P. , Drinkwater Eric J. , Aisbett Brad , Lamon Séverine
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the effect of nine nights of sleep restriction, with repeated resistance exercise sessions, on the skeletal muscle transcriptome of young, trained females. Sleep restriction and resistance exercise interacted to alter the enrichment of skeletal muscle transcriptomic pathways in young, resistance-trained females. Performing exercise when sleep restricted may not provide the same adaptive response for individuals as if they were fully rested.
Symmetric Encryption Algorithms in a Polynomial Residue Number System
Authors: Yakymenko I. , Karpinski M. , Shevchuk R. , Kasianchuk M.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we develop the theoretical provisions of symmetric cryptographic algorithms based on the polynomial residue number system for the first time. The main feature of the proposed approach is that when reconstructing the polynomial based on the method of undetermined coefficients, multiplication is performed not on the found base numbers but on arbitrarily selected polynomials. The latter, together with pairwise coprime residues of the residue class system, serve as the keys of the cryptographic algorithm. Schemes and examples of the implementation of the developed polynomial symmetric encryption algorithm are presented. The analytical expressions of the cryptographic strength estimation are constructed, and their graphical dependence on the number of modules and polynomial powers is presented. Our studies show that the cryptanalysis of the proposed algorithm requires combinatorial complexity, which leads to an NP‐complete problem.
Unlocking the Magnetic and Half-Metallic Properties of AMY2 (A = Cu, Ag; M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe; Y = S, Se) Compounds in Chalcopyrite Structure: An Ab Initio Study for Spintronics Applications
Authors: Vijayalakshmi D. , Ramachandran Tholkappiyan , Jaiganesh G. , Kalpana G. , Hamed Fathalla
Published: May 2024

We present an investigation into the magnetism exhibited by AMY2 compounds characterized by a chalcopyrite structure, where A can be Cu or Ag, M can be Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, or Fe, and Y can be either S or Se. By substituting M atoms at the Ga position of AGaY2 compounds, the magnetic properties were calculated using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method under the generalized gradient approximation and local spin density approximation with the WIEN2K code. The obtained spin-polarized results confirmed the presence of ferromagnetic and half-metallic (HM) properties in AMY2 compounds (A = Cu, Ag; M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn; Y = S, Se), wherein the HM property is preserved through p-d hybridization of p states of Y (S, Se) atoms with d (t2g) states of M (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn) atoms, and minimal contribution of −s states of A (A = Cu, Ag) atoms. The total magnetic moments for AMY2 compounds were calculated as 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, and 4.00 µB/f.u. for M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, respectively. For AFeY2 compounds (A = Cu, Ag; Y = S, Se), electronic band structures for both up spin and down spin states were identical, suggesting antiferromagnetic behavior at equilibrium, while AScY2 compounds (A = Cu, Ag; Y = S, Se) exhibited nonmagnetic properties at equilibrium. Overall, the accurate HM properties of AMY2 materials suggest promising prospects for their utilization in spintronics and magnetic storage device applications.
Physicochemical and Rheological Characterization of a Novel Manna Exudate from Alhagi pseudalhagi (Iranian Tarangabin)
Authors: Salehi Shahriyar , Raouf Fard Fatemeh , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hashem , Hashemi Hadi , Niakousari Mehrdad
Published: May 2024

Tarangabin manna (TM) is a resinous substance having a yellowish sticky character with a reasonably sweet taste. It is largely collected in Iran and Afghanistan. This study for the first time presents a comprehensive investigation of the techno-functional, rheological, and interfacial characteristics of water-soluble components for TM. The composition analysis revealed protein, moisture, fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents of 1.58, 2.98, 0.51, 2.04, and 92.90%, respectively. The effects of TM concentration on the physicochemical, structural, rheological, interfacial, emulsion, and foaming ability and stability were evaluated. X-ray diffraction analysis showed an amorphous structure for the purified sample and a crystalline structure for the raw sample. TM solutions exhibited Newtonian behavior, with the apparent viscosity decreasing as temperature increased, fitting well with the Arrhenius model. The TM solutions exhibited weak viscoelastic properties, primarily demonstrating a dominant viscous character. The surface tension and interfacial tension of the TM solution prepared at a concentration of 50% were measured at 45.23 mN/m and 7.74 mN/m, respectively. The contact angle of the dry thin layer of TM was determined to be 31.74°. Remarkably, the TM solution at a concentration of 50% exhibited the highest foaming ability (76.80%), foaming stability (91.92%), and emulsifying activity index (24.53%). The findings, coupled with TM appropriate foaming ability and stability, sweetness, and characteristic flavor, suggest that TM holds potential as a special food ingredient.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell with an Inducible Caspase-9 Suicide Gene Eradicates Uveal Melanoma Liver Metastases via B7-H3 Targeting
Authors: Ventin Marco , Cattaneo Giulia , Arya Shahrzad , Jia Jingyu , Gelmi Maria C. , Sun Yi , Maggs Luke , Ksander Bruce R. , Verdijk Robert M. , Boland Genevieve M. , Jenkins Russell W. , Haq Rizwan , Jager Martine J. , Wang Xinhui , Ryeom Sandra , Ferrone Cristina R.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor. Despite successful treatment of the primary tumor, about 50% of patients will recur with systemic diseases for which there are no effective treatment strategies. Here we investigated the preclinical efficacy of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell–based immunotherapy targeting B7-H3.

Experimental Design:

B7-H3 expression on primary and metastatic human UM samples and cell lines was assessed by RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Antitumor activity of CAR T cells targeting B7-H3 was tested in vitro with UM cell lines, patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids from patients with metastatic UM, and in immunodeficient and humanized murine models.

Results:

B7-H3 is expressed at high levels in >95% UM tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. We generated a B7-H3 CAR with an inducible caspase-9 (iCas9) suicide gene controlled by the chemical inducer of dimerization AP1903, which effectively kills UM cells in vitro and eradicates UM liver metastases in murine models. Delivery of iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T cells in experimental models of UM liver metastases demonstrates a durable antitumor response, even upon tumor rechallenge or in the presence of a significant metastatic disease burden. We demonstrate effective iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T-cell elimination in vitro and in vivo in response to AP1903. Our studies demonstrate more effective tumor suppression with iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T cells as compared to a B7-H3-targeted humanized monoclonal antibody.

Conclusions:

These studies support a phase I clinical trial with iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T cells to treat patients with metastatic UM.
FIGURE 6 from Pharmacologic Targeting of Histone H3K27 Acetylation/BRD4-dependent Induction of ALDH1A3 for Early-phase Drug Tolerance of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Jin , Mashima Tetsuo , Kawata Naomi , Yamamoto Noriko , Morino Shun , Inaba Saori , Nakamura Ayane , Kumagai Koshi , Wakatsuki Takeru , Takeuchi Kengo , Yamaguchi Kensei , Seimiya Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

Combined effect of 5-FU and OTX015 on tumor growth in vivo.A, Experimental design of combination therapy with 5-FU and OTX015 in xenografted mice. JSC15-3 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice. After 7 days, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg 5-FU at days 0, 7, and 14 and treated orally with 100 mg/kg OTX015 at days 7–11, 14–18, and 21 or both drugs. B, Tumor volume (top) and mouse body weight (bottom). Error bars represent the SD. ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA. C, Average tumor volume on day 21. N = 6; ***, P < 0.001, one-way ANOVA. D, IHC of Ki-67. Images are representative of five biological replicates. E, Quantitative data of D. IHC of ALDH1A3 (F) and its quantitative data (G). ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA. H, Schematic view of anticancer drug-induced ALDH1A3 expression in DTP cells in H3K27ac- and BRD4-dependent manners. TSS: transcription start site.
Racial and Ethnic Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Diagnosed with CLL/SLL in the USA
Authors: Bruno Debora S. , Khanal Manoj , Li Xiaohong I. , Escalon Maricer P. , Winfree Katherine B. , Hess Lisa M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This study was designed to compare outcomes among patients by race and ethnicity in the post-covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (cBTKi) treatment era. Methods: A nationwide electronic health record (EHR)-derived de-identified database was utilized that included patients diagnosed with CLL from 2013 to 2022 who received systemic therapy for their disease. Use of cBTKi therapy, time to next treatment or death (TTNT-D), and overall survival (OS) were compared by race in unadjusted (Kaplan-Meier method) and adjusted analyses (Cox proportional hazards regression). Results: This study included 4,572 White (71.8%) and 558 Black (8.8%) patients with CLL; 270 were Hispanic or Latino (4.2%). Patients who were Black were significantly younger, more were female, had later stage disease, were of lower socioeconomic status (SES), and were more likely to have unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGHV) and to have received cBTKi therapy than White patients (all p ≤ 0.002). SES was also significantly different by ethnicity. TTNT-D and OS were not different by race in either unadjusted or adjusted analyses (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, TTNT-D and OS were not different by race. These data did not identify racial healthcare disparities in the era following the introduction of cBTKi therapy despite differences in baseline characteristics.
De novo AHDC1 Deletions Identified by Genome Sequencing in Two Individuals with Xia-Gibbs Syndrome
Authors: Bertrand Miriam , Shah Gulalai , Pedersen Brent S. , Schulz Alexander , Weise Anja , Liehr Thomas , Huppke Peter , DiTroia Stephanie , Quinlan Aaron R. , Haack Tobias B. , Husain Ralf A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Xia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a rare syndromic disorder characterized by developmental delay with intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, brain anomalies, and nonspecific dysmorphic features. Different heterozygous variants in AHDC1 have been reported as causal for XGS, comprising mainly de novo stop-gain and frameshift events, but also missense variants, deletions, and a duplication of the locus. Case Presentation: We hereby report 2 patients with clinical features of XGS. In the first patient, a de novo interstitial deletion in 1p36.11p35.3 encompassing the entire coding region of AHDC1 was initially suspected by trio exome sequencing and subsequently confirmed by shallow genome sequencing. In the second patient, a de novo deletion comprising most of the 5′ untranslated region of AHDC1 was detected by genome sequencing. Conclusion: We identified the smallest deletion comprising AHDC1 reported so far by shallow genome sequencing as well as another small AHDC1 deletion by genome sequencing. These methods represent useful techniques for the identification and confirmation of small deletions and structural variants. Furthermore, our data provide additional evidence of AHDC1 haploinsufficiency as a disease mechanism in XGS. Clinically, foot deformity, skin and connective tissue abnormalities observed in one of the patients are consistent with other reported cases of XGS. These findings suggest that these manifestations could be considered as more prevalent characteristics, underscoring the importance of in-depth phenotyping.
Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Penile Metastasis: Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Piras Antonio , D'Aviero Andrea , Sanfratello Antonella , Boldrini Luca , Pernice Gianfranco , Spada Massimiliano , Gaudio Gianluca , Pinelli Mirko , Salamone Giuseppe , Gebbia Vittorio , Dispensa Nino , Tulone Gabriele , Laudicella Riccardo , Comelli Albert , Di Raimondo Domenico , Tuttolomondo Antonino , Angileri Tommaso , Daidone Antonino
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Penile metastases (PMs) are a rare clinical presentation mainly related to advanced stages of disease. Considering the low incidence, an optimal treatment approach has not yet been defined; surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT) are different options used in the vast majority with palliative intent. The advances in modern RT can represent an innovative tool in PM management and a curative option. This paper aimed to report the case of a PM patient treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and perform a systematic literature review of current evidence on the RT approach to PM. Case Presentation: We reported the case of an 80-year-old patient with PM from primary bladder cancer. Following the surgical approach for the primary tumor, evidence of PM was shown, and the patient was admitted to SBRT treatment on PM after an adjuvant RT course on the pelvis. A 25 Gy in 5-fraction SBRT treatment was performed, and a complete clinical response was shown at the first follow-up. A PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase systematic review was carried out. The search strategy terms were [(“penile metastasis”/exp OR “penile metastasis” OR (penile AND (“metastasis”/exp OR metastasis))) AND (“radiotherapy”/exp OR radiotherapy)] and only original articles up to October 24, 2023 were considered. Conclusion: A total of 174 studies were obtained using the previously mentioned search strategy, and the analysis was performed on 15 papers obtained following the complete selection process. All reported evidence was focused on the palliative approach of PM, showing good results in terms of symptom control. The potential role of modern RT in the management of PM has yet to be defined. The reported case showed the feasibility and the clinical impact of SBRT in PM treatment.
Valley Index as a Predictor of Prenatal Diagnosis of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: Maruyama Wakako , Kawasaki Yuki , Murakami Yosuke , Fujino Mitsuhiro , Sasaki Takeshi , Nakamura Kae , Yoshida Yoko , Suzuki Tsugutoshi , Kurosaki Kenichi , Hayashi Taiyu , Ono Hiroshi , Ehara Eiji
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) has a low prenatal diagnostic rate. Therefore, we investigated whether Doppler waveforms with a low pulsatility in the pulmonary veins can indicate fetal TAPVC. Methods: This retrospective study included 16 fetuses with TAPVC, including 10 with complex congenital heart disease and 104 healthy fetuses that underwent fetal echocardiography. Pulmonary venous S and D wave flow velocities and the valley (representing the lowest velocity between the S and D waves) were measured. Valley indices I and II were then calculated as (velocity of valley/greater of the S and D wave velocities) and (velocity of valley/lesser of the S and D wave velocities), respectively. Results: Supra/infracardiac TAPVC cases exhibited significantly greater valley indices than that of the healthy group. After adjusting for gestational age at fetal echocardiography, valley indices I (odds ratio [OR] 7.26, p < 0.01) and II (OR: 9.23, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of supra/infracardiac TAPVC. Furthermore, valley indices I and II exhibited a high area under the curve for detecting supra/infracardiac TAPVC, regardless of the presence of pulmonary venous obstruction. Conclusion: The valley index may be a useful tool for the detection of fetal TAPVC.