bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Optimal Timing of Stage 2 Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Meza James M. , Hickey Edward J. , Blackstone Eugene H. , Jaquiss Robert D.B. , Anderson Brett R. , Williams William G. , Cai Sally , Van Arsdell Glen S. , Karamlou Tara , McCrindle Brian W.
Published: July 2017

Background:

In infants requiring 3-stage single-ventricle palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, attrition after the Norwood procedure remains significant. The effect of the timing of stage 2 palliation (S2P), a physician-modifiable factor, on long-term survival is not well understood. We hypothesized that an optimal interval between the Norwood and S2P that both minimizes pre-S2P attrition and maximizes post-S2P survival exists and is associated with individual patient characteristics.

Methods:

The National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial public data set was used. Transplant-free survival (TFS) was modeled from (1) Norwood to S2P and (2) S2P to 3 years by using parametric hazard analysis. Factors associated with death or heart transplantation were determined for each interval. To account for staged procedures, risk-adjusted, 3-year, post-Norwood TFS (the probability of TFS at 3 years given survival to S2P) was calculated using parametric conditional survival analysis. TFS from the Norwood to S2P was first predicted. TFS after S2P to 3 years was then predicted and adjusted for attrition before S2P by multiplying by the estimate of TFS to S2P. The optimal timing of S2P was determined by generating nomograms of risk-adjusted, 3-year, post-Norwood, TFS versus the interval from the Norwood to S2P.

Results:

Of 547 included patients, 399 survived to S2P (73%). Of the survivors to S2P, 349 (87%) survived to 3-year follow-up. The median interval from the Norwood to S2P was 5.1 (interquartile range, 4.1–6.0) months. The risk-adjusted, 3-year, TFS was 68±7%. A Norwood-S2P interval of 3 to 6 months was associated with greatest 3-year TFS overall and in patients with few risk factors. In patients with multiple risk factors, TFS was severely compromised, regardless of the timing of S2P and most severely when S2P was performed early. No difference in the optimal timing of S2P existed when stratified by shunt type.

Conclusions:

In infants with few risk factors, progressing to S2P at 3 to 6 months after the Norwood procedure was associated with maximal TFS. Early S2P did not rescue patients with greater risk factor burdens. Instead, referral for heart transplantation may offer their best chance at long-term survival.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00115934.
The Effects of Public Access Defibrillation on Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Bækgaard Josefine S. , Viereck Søren , Møller Thea Palsgaard , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Lippert Freddy , Folke Fredrik
Published: July 2017

Background:

Despite recent advances, the average survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains <10%. Early defibrillation by an automated external defibrillator is the most important intervention for patients with OHCA, showing survival proportions >50%. Accordingly, placement of automated external defibrillators in the community as part of a public access defibrillation program (PAD) is recommended by international guidelines. However, different strategies have been proposed on how exactly to increase and make use of publicly available automated external defibrillators. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of PAD and the different PAD strategies on survival after OHCA.

Methods:

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched on August 31, 2015 for observational studies reporting survival to hospital discharge in OHCA patients where an automated external defibrillator had been used by nonemergency medical services. PAD was divided into 3 groups according to who applied the defibrillator: nondispatched lay first responders, professional first responders (firefighters/police) dispatched by the Emergency Medical Dispatch Center (EMDC), or lay first responders dispatched by the EMDC.

Results:

A total of 41 studies were included; 18 reported PAD by nondispatched lay first responders, 20 reported PAD by EMDC-dispatched professional first responders (firefighters/police), and 3 reported both. We identified no qualified studies reporting survival after PAD by EMDC-dispatched lay first responders. The overall survival to hospital discharge after OHCA treated with PAD showed a median survival of 40.0% (range, 9.1–83.3). Defibrillation by nondispatched lay first responders was associated with the highest survival with a median survival of 53.0% (range, 26.0–72.0), whereas defibrillation by EMDC-dispatched professional first responders (firefighters/police) was associated with a median survival of 28.6% (range, 9.0–76.0). A meta-analysis of the different survival outcomes could not be performed because of the large heterogeneity of the included studies.

Conclusions:

This systematic review showed a median overall survival of 40% for patients with OHCA treated by PAD. Defibrillation by nondispatched lay first responders was found to correlate with the highest impact on survival in comparison with EMDC-dispatched professional first responders. PAD by EMDC-dispatched lay first responders could be a promising strategy, but evidence is lacking.
Impact of Vascular Hemodynamics on Aortic Stenosis Evaluation: New Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Normal Flow—Small Aortic Valve Area—Low Gradient Pattern
Authors: Côté Nancy , Simard Louis , Zenses Anne‐Sophie , Tastet Lionel , Shen Mylène , Clisson Marine , Clavel Marie‐Annick
Published: July 2017

Background

About 50% of normal‐flow/low‐gradient patients (ie, low mean gradient [
MG
] or peak aortic jet velocity and small aortic valve area) have severe aortic valve calcification as measured by computed tomography. However, they are considered to have moderate aortic stenosis (
AS
) in current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. The objective was thus to evaluate the effect of hypertension and reduced arterial compliance (
rAC
) on
MG
and V
peak
measurements.

Methods and Results

Doppler‐echocardiography was performed in 4 sheep with experimentally induced severe and critical
AS
at: (1) normal aortic pressure, (2) during hypertension, and (3) with
rAC
. Hypertension and
rAC
induced a substantial decrease in
MG
/V
peak
compared with normal stage (both
P
≤0.03) despite a stable transvalvular flow (
P
>0.16). Hypertension and
rAC
resulted in a greater reduction of
MG
in critical (−42%) compared with severe (−35%)
AS
(
P
˂0.0001). Comprehensive Doppler‐echocardiography and computed tomography were performed in 220
AS
patients (mean age: 69±13 years;
MG
29±18 mm Hg) with normal flow. The population was divided in 3 groups according to the presence of hypertension and
rAC
. The slope of the linear association between
MG
/V
peak
and aortic valve calcification divided by the cross‐sectional area of the aortic annulus was significantly reduced in patients with hypertension and/or
rAC
compared with normotensive/normal
AC
patients (
P
<0.01). Accordingly, patients with normal‐flow/low‐gradient and severe aortic valve calcification density were more frequent in hypertension and
rAC
groups compared with the normotensive/normal‐
AC
group (16% and 12% compared with 2%;
P
=0.03).

Conclusions

Hypertension and
rAC
are associated with a substantial reduction in
MG
/V
peak
for similar aortic valve calcification (ie, similar
AS
anatomic severity), which may lead to underestimation of
AS
hemodynamic severity.
One for all, each on its own: Analysing the post-Soviet system of collective security
Authors: Erkomaishvili David
Published: July 2017

The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 allowed independent states, which emerged in its place, to construct their own alignments. The choice of the case for empirical analysis had been made based on several unique characteristics. Orthodox Alliance Theory had almost never properly addressed alignments in the post-Soviet space due to the lack of access to information during the Soviet period - along with the structure of the state: only Soviet alignment policies were taken into consideration, instead of those of its constituent republics as well - and modest interest of alliance theorists in the region. Continued disintegration of the post-Soviet space, which has not stopped with the collapse of the Soviet Union but keeps fragmenting further, creates a unique setting for researching the adequacy of Alliance Theory's classic assumptions as well as developing new approaches. This work traces the development of the post-Soviet system of collective security and its subsequent transformation into a series of bilateral security relations, along with the shortfall of multilateralism.
Challenging institutions: Getting goods or getting your own institution?
Authors: Millard Matt
Published: July 2017

I present a discussion of the current state of liberal internationalism as it relates to international organisations. I maintain that the literature focuses too much on liberal internationalism instead of non-liberal internationalism. This is problematic because non-liberal states are increasingly becoming important players in the international system, as is the case with Russia and China. I argue that non-liberal states have a variety of approaches in their dealings with international institutions that can enable them to maximise their net gains from institutions. These are: 1) keep using the liberal institution, 2) utilise institutional ala cartism (forum shopping), 3) create an anti-liberal institution, or 4) opt out of institutions altogether. Scholars and practitioners alike should acknowledge that international institutions can be a vehicle whereby non-liberal states maximise their power and diminish the power and influence of liberal states.
What, and where, is Feminist Security Studies?
Authors: Sjoberg Laura
Published: July 2017

This piece looks to backwards and forwards to what feminist work in security was, is, and could be, pairing a historical sociology with a forward-looking view of the future(s) of the field. It begins with thinking about feminist studies of security before FSS as a foundation for the discussion, then traces different claims to core identities of FSS. It then looks at divergent strands of FSS, as well as omissions and critiques. Rather than looking to reconcile those different accounts, it asks what can be taken from them to engage potential futures for FSS, and its contribution to feminisms and/or studies of security.
Signal integration at the PI3K-p85-XBP1 hub endows coagulation protease activated protein C with insulin-like function
Authors: Madhusudhan Thati , Wang Hongjie , Ghosh Sanchita , Dong Wei , Kumar Varun , Al-Dabet Moh'd Mohanad , Manoharan Jayakumar , Nazir Sumra , Elwakiel Ahmed , Bock Fabian , Kohli Shrey , Marquardt Andi , Sögüt Ibrahim , Shahzad Khurrum , Müller Andreas J. , Esmon Charles T. , Nawroth Peter P. , Reiser Jochen , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Ruf Wolfram , Isermann Berend
Published: July 2017

Coagulation proteases have increasingly recognized functions beyond hemostasis and thrombosis. Disruption of activated protein C (aPC) or insulin signaling impair function of podocytes and ultimately cause dysfunction of the glomerular filtration barrier and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We here show that insulin and aPC converge on a common spliced-X-box binding protein-1 (sXBP1) signaling pathway to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Analogous to insulin, physiological levels of aPC maintain ER proteostasis in DKD. Accordingly, genetically impaired protein C activation exacerbates maladaptive ER response, whereas genetic or pharmacological restoration of aPC maintains ER proteostasis in DKD models. Importantly, in mice with podocyte-specific deficiency of insulin receptor (INSR), aPC selectively restores the activity of the cytoprotective ER-transcription factor sXBP1 by temporally targeting INSR downstream signaling intermediates, the regulatory subunits of PI3Kinase, p85α and p85β. Genome-wide mapping of condition-specific XBP1-transcriptional regulatory patterns confirmed that concordant unfolded protein response target genes are involved in maintenance of ER proteostasis by both insulin and aPC. Thus, aPC efficiently employs disengaged insulin signaling components to reconfigure ER signaling and restore proteostasis. These results identify ER reprogramming as a novel hormonelike function of coagulation proteases and demonstrate that targeting insulin signaling intermediates may be a feasible therapeutic approach ameliorating defective insulin signaling.
On electric fields produced by inductive sources on the seafloor
Authors: Safipour Roxana , Hölz Sebastian , Jegen Marion , Swidinsky Andrei
Published: July 2017

The transient electromagnetic (TEM) method has recently been proposed as a tool for mineral exploration on the seafloor. Similar to airborne TEM surveys conducted on land, marine TEM systems can use a concentric or coincident wire-loop transmitter and receiver towed behind a ship. Such towed-loop TEM surveys can be further augmented by placing additional stationary receivers on the seafloor throughout the survey area. We examine the electric fields measured by remote receivers from an inductive source transmitter within a 1D layered earth model. At sea, it is conceivable to deploy either a horizontal transmitter (such as the analogous standard airborne configuration) or a more exotic vertical transmitter. Therefore, we study and compare the sensitivity of the vertical and horizontal towed-loop systems with a variety of seafloor conductivity structures. Our results indicate that the horizontal loop system is more sensitive to the thickness of a buried conductive layer and would be advantageous over the vertical loop system in characterizing the size of a shallowly buried mineralized zone. The vertical loop system is more sensitive to a resistive layer than the horizontal loop system. The vertical electric field produced by the vertical loop transmitter is sensitive to greater depths than the horizontal fields, and measuring the vertical field at the receivers would therefore be advantageous. We also conducted a novel test of a towed horizontal loop system with remote dipole receivers in a marine setting. The system was tested at the Palinuro volcanic complex in the Tyrrhenian Sea, a site of known massive sulfide mineralization. Preliminary results are consistent with shallowly buried material in the seafloor of conductivities [Formula: see text].
On vertical resolution of seismic acquisition geometries in complex 3D media
Authors: Su Jun , Fu Li-Yun , Wei Wei , Sun Weijia , Hu Junhua
Published: July 2017

Exploration frequency and spatial sampling can affect the resolution of seismic imaging. Some factors have a great impact on the horizontal resolution, whereas other factors significantly influence the vertical resolution. How to quantify these effects still remains controversial for complex media. Most previous studies on seismic acquisition geometries focus on the horizontal resolution for seismic migration, but neglect to measure the vertical resolution especially in complex media. The conventional criteria for vertical resolution are based on the theory of geometric seismology with the assumption of a simple medium. Focal-beam analysis can provide comprehensive insight into the combined effects of acquisition geometries, band-limited frequencies, and complex media on vertical resolution. We define two parameters to quantify the vertical resolution of acquisition geometry: the main-lobe width (MLW) of a focal beam along the vertical direction and the ratio of its main-lobe amplitude to the total amplitude (RMT). MLW defines the vertical resolution to image the target, whereas RMT describes the clarity of the imaging. We evaluate examples of typical acquisition geometries to demonstrate how band-limited frequencies and acquisition parameters influence the vertical resolution, described in terms of MLW and RMT values. Comparisons of focal beams and classic criteria with increasing bandwidth and spatial sampling indicate that the MLW and RMT of focal beams can be more accurate to describe the vertical resolution of exploration seismology. Case studies of seismic migration with 3D seismic data from an oilfield in China demonstrate that the acquisition geometry with denser detectors has a larger value of RMT indicating more clarity in seismic imaging. Prior MLW and RMT analyses of acquisition geometry to predict the quality of acquired data sets can optimize the design of acquisition geometries before the implementation of seismic acquisition.
Nonmuscle myosin IIB regulates epicardial integrity and epicardium-derived mesenchymal cell maturation
Authors: Ma Xuefei , Sung Derek C. , Yang Yanqin , Wakabayashi Yoshi , Adelstein Robert S.
Published: July 2017

Nonmuscle myosin IIB (NMIIB; heavy chain encoded by MYH10) is essential for cardiac myocyte cytokinesis. The role of NMIIB in other cardiac cells is not known. Here, we show that NMIIB is required in epicardial formation and functions to support myocardial proliferation and coronary vessel development. Ablation of NMIIB in epicardial cells results in disruption of epicardial integrity with a loss of E-cadherin at cell–cell junctions and a focal detachment of epicardial cells from the myocardium. NMIIB-knockout and blebbistatin-treated epicardial explants demonstrate impaired mesenchymal cell maturation during epicardial epithelial–mesenchymal transition. This is manifested by an impaired invasion of collagen gels by the epicardium-derived mesenchymal cells and the reorganization of the cytoskeletal structure. Although there is a marked decrease in the expression of mesenchymal genes, there is no change in Snail (also known as Snai1) or E-cadherin expression. Studies from epicardium-specific NMIIB-knockout mice confirm the importance of NMIIB for epicardial integrity and epicardial functions in promoting cardiac myocyte proliferation and coronary vessel formation during heart development. Our findings provide a novel mechanism linking epicardial formation and epicardial function to the activity of the cytoplasmic motor protein NMIIB.
Expression and light-dependent translocation of β-arrestin in the visual system of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus
Authors: Matsuo Ryota , Takatori Yuka , Hamada Shun , Koyanagi Mitsumasa , Matsuo Yuko
Published: July 2017

Vertebrates, cephalopods, and arthropods are equipped with eyes having the highest spatiotemporal resolution among the animal phyla. In parallel, it is only the animals in these three phyla that have visual arrestin specialized for the termination of visual signaling triggered by opsin, in addition to ubiquitously expressed β-arrestin that serves in terminating general G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Indeed, visual arrestin in Drosophila and rodents translocates to the opsin-rich subcellular region in response to light to reduce the overall sensitivity of photoreceptors in an illuminated environment (i.e. light adaptation). We thus hypothesized that visual arrestin has taken over the role of β-arrestin in those animals having an eye with high spatiotemporal resolution during evolution. If this is true, it is expected that β-arrestin plays a role similar to visual arrestin in those animals having low resolution eyes. In the present study, we focused on the terrestrial mollusk Limax, a species related to cephalopods but has only β-arrestin, and generated antibody against β-arrestin. We found that β-arrestin is highly expressed in photosensory neurons, and translocates into the microvilli of the rhabdomere within 30 min in response to short wavelength light (400 nm), to which the eye of Limax exhibits a robust response. These observations suggest that β-arrestin functions in the visual system of those animals that do not have visual arrestin. We also exploited anti-β-arrestin antibody to visualize the optic nerve projecting to the brain, and demonstrated its usefulness for tracing a visual ascending pathway.
Optimal dual fusion frames for probabilistic erasures
Authors: Morillas Patricia
Published: July 2017

For any fixed fusion frame, its optimal dual fusion frames for reconstruction is studied in case of erasures of subspaces. It is considered that a probability distribution of erasure of subspaces is given and that a blind reconstruction procedure is used, where the erased data are set to zero. It is proved that there are always optimal duals. Sufficient conditions for the canonical dual fusion frame being either the unique optimal dual, a non-unique optimal dual, or a non optimal dual, are obtained. The reconstruction error is analyzed, using the optimal duals in the probability model considered here and using the optimal duals in a non-probability model.
Laboratory-Developed Tests: A Legislative and Regulatory Review
Authors: Genzen Jonathan R , Mohlman Jeffrey S , Lynch Jerry L , Squires Michael W , Weiss Ronald L
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

Twenty-five years ago, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asserted in a draft document that “home brew” tests—now commonly referred to as laboratory-developed tests (LDTs)—are subject to the same regulatory oversight as other in vitro diagnostics (IVDs)4. In 2010, the FDA began work on developing a proposed framework for future LDT oversight. Released in 2014, the draft guidance sparked an intense debate over potential LDT regulation. While the proposed guidance has not been implemented, many questions regarding LDT oversight remain unresolved.

CONTENT

This review provides an overview of federal statutes and regulations related to IVDs and clinical laboratory operations, with a focus on those potentially applicable to LDTs and proposed regulatory efforts. Sources reviewed include the Code of Federal Regulations, the Federal Register, congressional hearings, guidance and policy documents, position statements, published literature, and websites.

Federal statutes regarding IVDs were passed without substantive evidence of congressional consideration toward the concept of LDTs. The FDA has clear oversight authority over IVD reagents introduced into interstate commerce. A 16-year delay in publicly asserting FDA authority over LDTs, the pursuit of a draft guidance approach toward oversight, and establishment of regulations under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA'88) applicable to LDTs contributed to community uncertainty toward LDT oversight. Future regulatory and/or legislative efforts may be required to resolve this uncertainty.
Subjektivität und Kunst
Authors: Jung Daehun
Published: July 2017

Die Moderne ist von einer Konstellation zwischen Subjektivität und Kunst geprägt. Doch wie ist diese Beziehung aufzufassen? Daehun Jungs These lautet: Die Subjektivität der Moderne wird in ihrer Entsubjektivierung durch eine Kunst konstituiert, die ihrerseits in einer »Entkunstung« ihre moderne Form erfährt. Hierzu werden Texte von zwei der wichtigsten postkantischen Philosophen der Moderne - Hegel und Nietzsche - analysiert, die genealogisch (Hegel) und nachahmungstheoretisch (Nietzsche) versucht haben, die Konstitution der Modernität darzustellen. Dabei werden auch jüngere und gegenwärtige Positionen von Denkern wie Adorno, Benjamin und Derrida berücksichtigt.
Die Kunst der Diagrammatik
Authors: Schmidt-Burkhardt Astrit
Published: July 2017

Der aktuelle Diskurs um Diagramme wird nicht zuletzt durch den rasanten konjunkturellen Aufschwung von Schaubildern in der Kunst geprägt. Dieses Buch, das nun in vollständig überarbeiteter und profund erweiterter Auflage erscheint, stellt die Frage nach den historischen Voraussetzungen, die hinter dem großen Interesse an diagrammatischen Formen des Visualisierens und Argumentierens stehen. In facettenreichen Fallstudien und theoretischen Analysen wird das diagrammatische Potenzial für die bildgeleitete Erkenntnis aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven untersucht. Der Band lotet damit nicht zuletzt auch die Zukunftsträchtigkeit der Diagrammatologie als eigenständiges bildwissenschaftliches Forschungsfeld aus.
Unterscheiden und herrschen
Authors: Hark Sabine , Villa Paula-Irene
Published: July 2017

Mit der Kölner »Nacht, die alles veränderte« ist einiges in Bewegung geraten. Vielleicht sind Bewegungen auch nur sichtbarer geworden. Feministische Anliegen finden zwar verstärkt Gehör, doch dies ist eng verwoben mit neuen Rassismen und der Kulturalisierung sozialer Ungleichheiten. Eine der hier auffälligsten Paradoxien ist die Mobilisierung von Gender, Sexualität und einer Vorstellung von Frauenemanzipation durch nationalistische und fremdenfeindliche Parteien sowie durch konservative Regierungen zur Rechtfertigung rassistischer bzw. islamfeindlicher Ausgrenzungspolitiken. Wollen wir dagegen verstehen, wie unsere gesamte Lebensweise in Kategorien der Über- und Unterordnung gefasst ist und wie diese feinen Unterschiede Handeln, Einstellungen und Gefühle aller bestimmen, dann gilt es, Sexismus, Rassismus und Heteronormativität nicht als voneinander unabhängige soziale Teilungsverhältnisse zu untersuchen. Die Analyse komplexer Wirklichkeiten erfordert ein Nachdenken, das die wechselseitige Bedingtheit verschiedener Differenzen in den Blick nimmt.
Weihnachtliches Theater
Authors: Schmidt Laura
Published: July 2017

Weihnachten etabliert sich erst im ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert als Familienfest. Im Rahmen eines radikalen Paradigmenwechsels wandert ein ursprünglich kirchliches Fest in die Wohnzimmer - das moderne Verständnis der weihnachtlichen Festpraxis ist zugleich Ausdruck eines zur Leitkultur gewordenen Bürgertums. Zeitgleich entwickelt sich auch das Theater zu einem Leitmedium bürgerlicher Kultur. Laura Schmidt zeichnet die Beziehungsgeschichte von Fest und Theater seit dem ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert nach. Analysiert werden Texte und damit verbundene Aufführungsformen weihnachtlicher Theaterstücke. Das Panorama reicht von Kinderschauspielen über Laienspiele und Weihnachtsmärchen bis hin zu Initiativen der Arbeiterbewegung.
Quantenphysik und Esoterik
Authors: Klotz Lisa Jane
Published: July 2017

Wie verhalten sich Quantenphysik und Esoterik zueinander? Lisa Jane Klotz zeigt, wie Quantenphysik in der Esoterik kommunikativ eingesetzt wird, um Geltungsansprüche zu legitimieren und zu plausibilisieren. Ihre Untersuchungen zu theoretischen und Experimentalphysikern erschließen darüber hinaus, dass sich die Bereiche Quantenphysik und Esoterik näher sind als gemeinhin angenommen. Der empirische Vergleich zweier so unterschiedlicher Systeme sagt ebenso viel über die divergente Alltagspraxis wie über ihre frappierende Ähnlichkeit auf systemtheoretischer Ebene aus - mit dem Ergebnis einer Erweiterung der Systemtheorie.
Differenzen des Sprachdenkens
Authors: Halász Hajnalka
Published: July 2017

Die Kehrseite der verschiedenen »Wenden« in den Geisteswissenschaften ist eine symptomatische Abwendung von der Problematik der Sprache. Dies zeugt auf eine negative Weise davon, dass die Sprache auch heute nicht aufgehört hat, das Denken zu provozieren. Durch eine aufmerksame Lektüre philosophischer Texte (von Wilhelm von Humboldt, Roman Jakobson, Niklas Luhmann, Hans-Georg Gadamer und Martin Heidegger) demonstriert Hajnalka Halász, wie die Hinwendung zu Fragen nach der Sprache zugleich radikal Begriffs- und Denksysteme in Frage stellt, auf welche unter anderem Theorien der Kunst, der Literatur, der Kultur, der Medialität und der Gesellschaft aufbauen.
Verortungen in der Jerusalemer Altstadt
Authors: Becker Johannes
Published: July 2017

Wie verorten sich Menschen in einem ideologisch aufgeladenen und geographisch engen Raum? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage portraitiert Johannes Becker das palästinensische Alltagsleben in der Jerusalemer Altstadt, stellt Lebensgeschichten ihrer Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner vor und zeigt wenig thematisierte geschichtliche Aspekte der palästinensischen Community Jerusalems auf. Aus der Perspektive der sozialkonstruktivistischen Biographieforschung sowie der Raum- und Stadtsoziologie schärft er den Begriff der »Verortung« als räumlich und prozessual und diskutiert, wie Städte anhand der Relevanzen ihrer Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner erforscht werden können.
Menschenwürde als heilige Ordnung
Authors: Schulz-Nieswandt Frank
Published: July 2017

Die Würde des Menschen ist unantastbar - dieses unbedingte Recht ist völker-, europa- und verfassungsrechtlich verbürgt. Dass die Würde des Menschen jedoch auch im säkularisierten sozialen Rechtsstaat letztendlich eine heilige Ordnung ist, kollektiv religiös geglaubt werden muss und sich nicht in einem rationalen Diskurs hinreichend wahrheitsfähig erweist, zeigt Frank Schulz-Nieswandt im Rekurs auf Böckenförde, Habermas, Joas und Agamben. Im Anschluss daran entfaltet er die Idee einer gottlosen Ontotheologie eines existenzialen personalistischen Humanismus, den er mit Verweis auf Paul Tillich und Romano Guardini zugleich gegen jeden Übergriff einer autoritären Theo-Dogmatik supranaturalistischer Art verteidigt.
Mobile Labore
Authors: Umlauf René
Published: July 2017

Globale Gesundheitsprogramme bauen in zunehmendem Maße auf dem Einsatz von Test- und Prüfverfahren auf. Zentrales Ziel dabei ist es, globale ebenso wie regionale Verbreitungen von Infektionskrankheiten wie z.B. Malaria nicht nur abzubilden, sondern auch als Grundlage für weitere Interventionen zu nutzen. René Umlaufs Technikethnografie zeigt, dass evidenz-basierte Gesundheitstechnologien auf spezifischen Vorannahmen bezüglich der Feststellbarkeit von Krankheiten als auch der Veränderbarkeit von Behandlungsroutinen aufbauen. Am Beispiel der medizinischen Grundversorgung Ugandas analysiert er die Konsequenzen und organisationalen Effekte von Malariaschnelltests.
Der Operettenlibrettist Victor Léon
Authors: Denscher Barbara
Published: July 2017

Als einer der produktivsten Schriftsteller seiner Zeit schrieb Victor Léon (1858-1940) die Libretti zu einigen der weltweit erfolgreichsten Operetten - darunter Lehárs »Lustige Witwe« und »Wiener Blut« von Johann Strauss - sowie über hundert weitere Bühnenwerke. Dennoch ist er weitgehend vergessen - und selbst in der Fachwelt ist der Wissensstand über ihn vielfach lückenhaft. Da Victor Léon jüdischer Abstammung war, wurden seine Werke in der NS-Zeit zwar gespielt, sein Name aber ›totgeschwiegen‹, was die Rezeption bis heute beeinflusst. Barbara Denscher beschreibt in dieser ersten umfassenden Werkbiografie den Weg Victor Léons vom Wiener Musiktheater zur globalen Unterhaltungskultur.
Die Rache der Placebos
Authors: Neumaier Ulrike
Published: July 2017

Das Placebo - konzipiert, um die Wirksamkeit des Arzneimittels objektiv zu überprüfen - entfaltet selbst unterschiedliche Eigenschaften und erzeugt vielfältige Effekte. Anhand von Vertreter_innen der Philosophie, wie Fleck, Rheinberger, Foucault, Baudrillard, Latour und Haraway, zeigt Ulrike Neumaier, dass sich - stellt man das Placebo in den Mittelpunkt einer Untersuchung - nicht nur in der Medizin Begriffe wie »Krankheit« und »Körper« verändern. Vielmehr wird sichtbar, wie Wissenschaft, Technik und Gesellschaft sich vernetzen, wie sich dadurch der Begriff von »Wissenschaft« wandelt und warum vom Zeitalter der Technowissenschaften gesprochen werden kann.
Das Problem moralischen Wissens
Authors: Heusinger von Waldegge Florian
Published: July 2017

Gibt es objektive Werte oder Wertüberzeugungen? Worin manifestieren sie sich? In diesen Fragen besteht das Problem moralischen Wissens. Die etablierten metaethischen Theorien beanspruchen zwar plausible Antworten geben zu können, halten dabei jedoch an zwei problematischen Voraussetzungen fest: Ihnen liegt explizit oder implizit ein propositionaler Wissensbegriff und eine Dichotomie von Fakten und Werten zugrunde. In Anschluss an die Philosophie Hegels entwickelt Florian Heusinger von Waldegge ein alternatives Theorieangebot, das die Dogmen der Moralphilosophie hinter sich lässt, ohne eine relativistische oder nonkognitivistische Rückzugsposition einnehmen zu müssen.
9/11 erzählen
Authors: Bender Jesko
Published: July 2017

Bis heute befasst sich die deutschsprachige Literatur mit dem 11. September 2001. Doch wie kann (vom) Terror erzählt werden? Jesko Bender zeigt anhand von Texten von Ulrich Peltzer, Katharina Hacker und Paulus Hochgatterer, dass sie den Terror auf eine jeweils besondere Weise ausbuchstabieren - nicht zuletzt auch, indem sie ihn in einen spezifisch deutschen Kontext einschreiben. Während im politischen Diskurs Terror als das Ende der Kommunikation angesehen wird und die künstlerische Auseinandersetzung stets mit der Frage nach der ethisch-moralischen Zulässigkeit der Ästhetisierung konfrontiert ist, kann aus literaturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive konstatiert werden: Gerade dort, wo erzählt wird, wird es interessant.
Religiöse Sozialisation in muslimischen Familien
Authors: Uygun-Altunbas Ayse
Published: July 2017

Die religiöse Sozialisation von muslimischen Kindern und Jugendlichen in ihren Familien stellt in Deutschland ein noch weitestgehend unerforschtes Themengebiet dar. Ausgehend von der Fragestellung, welchen Einfluss Moscheen, Kindertagesstätten und Schulen, aber auch die Peers, Medien und die Gesellschaft auf die religiöse Sozialisation von muslimischen Kindern haben, rückt Ayse Uygun-Altunbas erstmalig muslimische Familien ins Zentrum der Analyse und greift hierzu die Perspektive der Eltern auf. Die qualitative Analyse zeichnet eine differenzierte Typologie der religiös-muslimischen Erziehungsvorstellungen nach und präsentiert typspezifische Merkmale der Familienreligiosität, Vermittlungsformen der religiösen Erziehung sowie weitere sozialisationsrelevante Einflüsse.
Fractal Worlds: An Archaeology of Nested Spatial Scales
Authors: Whitridge Peter
Published: July 2017

Archaeologists approach their evidence at numerous scales, from the intercontinental distributions of people and their things to the microscopic structure in a thin section. This is possible and worthwhile, in part, because people in the past also acted in, and conceived of, their worlds at a variety of scales. The precontact Inuit record reveals not only large-scale regional networks and intricate site structures, but also the diminutive worlds depicted in toys, amulets, and figurative art. The human body was the most popular object of this miniaturization discourse, and it served to anchor the fractal-like proliferation of imagined worlds in everyday bodily experience.
Evaluation of the elderly' falls efficacy by their status of having a home accident and daily life activities
Authors: Şahin Hande , Erkal Sibel
Published: July 2017

A total of 600 older persons from Cebeci district, Ankara province have participated in this study which aimed to evaluate the elderly' falls efficacy by their status of having an accident and daily life activities. Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), and Katz Daily Activities Scale were used as data gathering tools in this study. The data were analyzed using standard deviation, arithmetic mean, and the student's t-test to compare the two groups, and the analysis of variance in comparison of multiple groups. The results showed that the falls efficacy scores of the older adults who had experienced a home accident within the past year ( =69,15) were lower than those who had not ( =84,33). The falls efficacy scores of the participants decreased with increased dependence in bathing, sitting/standing, toilet, walking, cooking, cleaning and shopping activities. The participants who were older, had lower educational attainment, low monthly income and green cards, and lived with their relatives had lower falls efficacy scores (p<0.05).
A direct approach to the anisotropic Plateau problem
Authors: De Lellis Camillo , De Rosa Antonio , Ghiraldin Francesco
Published: July 2017

We prove a compactness principle for the anisotropic formulation of the Plateau problem in codimension one, along the same lines of previous works of the authors [9, 10]. In particular, we perform a new strategy for proving the rectifiability of the minimal set, avoiding Preiss’ Rectifiability Theorem [22].
Magnetic BV-functions and the Bourgain–Brezis–Mironescu formula
Authors: Pinamonti Andrea , Squassina Marco , Vecchi Eugenio
Published: July 2017

We prove a general magnetic Bourgain–Brezis–Mironescu formula which extends the one obtained in [37] in the Hilbert case setting. In particular, after developing a rather complete theory of magnetic bounded variation functions, we prove the validity of the formula in this class.
Multiple solutions for an elliptic system with indefinite Robin boundary conditions
Authors: Amster Pablo
Published: July 2017

Multiplicity of solutions is proved for an elliptic system with an indefinite Robin boundary condition under an assumption that links the linearisation at 0 and the eigenvalues of the associated linear scalar operator. Our result is based on a precise calculation of the topological degree of a suitable fixed point operator over large and small balls.
Bemerkungen zu Namma und weiteren Wassergottheiten
Authors: Ceccarelli Manuel
Published: July 2017

The Babylonian
Remarks Concerning the Alleged Solar Eclipse of Muršili II
Authors: Gautschy Rita
Published: July 2017

This article addresses the question whether the solar eclipse of April 13
The Shadows of a Distant Past
Authors: Gilan Amir
Published: July 2017

The historical Introductions to the Hittite State Treaties usually portray a relatively recent history. Two compositions pertain, however, to depict a more distant past, going back all the way to the founders of the Old Hittite Kingdom. The two, the historical introduction to the treaty with Wiluša (CTH 76) and especially the historical introduction of the Aleppo Treaty (CTH 75) are the subject of this study. It is certainly not a coincidence that both historical excursions into the distant past, pose many historical problems and give rise to incredulity regarding their historicity. It will be suggested that by reviewing the historical sources available to the ancient author, one may better understand how he came to assert certain historical statements that seem exaggerated or false to the modern historian. This approach may shed new light on some of the historical riddles posed by the introduction to the Talmi-Šarruma treaty, suggesting that its problematic narrative may have resulted from its ancient author’s unsuccessful attempt to weave several stories into one coherent historical account. It will also reveal the profound historical consciousness of the ancient author of CTH 75, his knowledgeability of ancient texts, such as the Old Hittite political wisdom literature, and his didactic use of history.
Hartapu and the Land of Maša
Authors: Oreshko Rostislav
Published: July 2017

The paper presents a re-interpretation of two longer Hieroglyphic-Luwian inscriptions from the group attributed to king Hartapu (KIZILDAĞ 4, § 2 and KARADAĞ 1). It is argued that this king should be identified as a king of Maša rather of Ḫatti or Tarḫundašša, which, in view of the probable dating of his monuments to 12
Eine mannshohe Leier im altbabylonischen Ištar-Ritual aus Mari (FM 3, no. 2)
Authors: Shehata Dahlia
Published: July 2017

The Old Babylonian Ištar ritual from Mari (FM 3, no. 2) has been the focus of much discussion since its primary edition in 1938 by G. Dossin. This article offers a new analysis of the passage mentioning the
Hittite Éḫalentuwa- Revisited
Authors: Taracha Piotr
Published: July 2017

This paper reconsiders ambiguous textual evidence concerning the meaning of the Hittite architectural term
Defining a roadmap for harmonizing quality indicators in Laboratory Medicine: a consensus statement on behalf of the IFCC Working Group “Laboratory Error and Patient Safety” and EFLM Task and Finish Group “Performance specifications for the extra-analytical phases”
Authors: Sciacovelli Laura , Panteghini Mauro , Lippi Giuseppe , Sumarac Zorica , Cadamuro Janne , Galoro César Alex De Olivera , Pino Castro Isabel Garcia Del , Shcolnik Wilson , Plebani Mario
Published: July 2017

The improving quality of laboratory testing requires a deep understanding of the many vulnerable steps involved in the total examination process (TEP), along with the identification of a hierarchy of risks and challenges that need to be addressed. From this perspective, the Working Group “Laboratory Errors and Patient Safety” (WG-LEPS) of International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) is focusing its activity on implementation of an efficient tool for obtaining meaningful information on the risk of errors developing throughout the TEP, and for establishing reliable information about error frequencies and their distribution. More recently, the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) has created the Task and Finish Group “Performance specifications for the extra-analytical phases” (TFG-PSEP) for defining performance specifications for extra-analytical phases. Both the IFCC and EFLM groups are working to provide laboratories with a system to evaluate their performances and recognize the critical aspects where improvement actions are needed. A Consensus Conference was organized in Padova, Italy, in 2016 in order to bring together all the experts and interested parties to achieve a consensus for effective harmonization of quality indicators (QIs). A general agreement was achieved and the main outcomes have been the release of a new version of model of quality indicators (MQI), the approval of a criterion for establishing performance specifications and the definition of the type of information that should be provided within the report to the clinical laboratories participating to the QIs project.
Constructions and the problem of discovery: A case for the paradigmatic
Authors: Wible David , Tsao Nai-Lung
Published: July 2017

Much of the patterned use of language occupies a poorly charted middle ground of usages that are neither frozen, one-off items listable in dictionaries nor products of maximally general rules found in grammars. Similarly, these usages fly below the radar of modular theories of language that make a strict distinction between items in a lexicon and the rules of syntax for combining them. Early constructionist approaches showed this neglected territory to be teeming with conventional form-meaning pairings, i.e., lexico-grammatical constructions. While corpora have been seen as a source for investigating these constructions, they entail a fundamental but seldom-noted limitation: constructions are constituted by both syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, but corpora lack the paradigmatic dimension. Thus corpora can reveal multiword items but not the relations among them that constitute constructions. We elaborate on an alternative, illustrating how the design of an existing machine-readable language model affords discovery of lexico-grammatical constructions by capturing bottom up the relations they contract with other patterns. The network is noise-ridden, but we exploit the noise as the necessary background against which constructions can be set into relief and thus made discoverable.
Reducing subspaces for multiplication operators on the Dirichlet space through local inverses and Riemann surfaces
Authors: Gu Caixing , Luo Shuaibing , Xiao Jie
Published: July 2017

This paper gives a full characterization of the reducing subspaces for the multiplication operator Mϕ on the Dirichlet space with symbol of finite Blaschke product ϕ of order 5I 6I 7. The reducing subspaces of Mϕ on the Dirichlet space and Bergman space are related. Our strategy is to use local inverses and Riemann surfaces to study the reducing subspaces of Mϕ on the Bergman space. By this means, we determine the reducing subspaces of Mϕ on the Dirichlet space and answer some questions of Douglas-Putinar-Wang in [6].
Impact of the Enlargement of the European Union on the Foreign Trade and Development of the New Members
Authors: Krajišnik Milenko , Žutić Aleksandra
Published: July 2017

One of the most important characteristics of the process of globalization is the creation of different regional economic integrations. The most developed regional economic integration in the world is the European Union. Since it was found, when six founder countries created the free trade area for coal and steel, European Union passed all the phases of development of the economic integration, through the customs union and common market to the economic and monetary union. Through the six waves of enlargement European Union has become the integration of 28 countries with over 500 million habitants. Every enlargement of this regional integration had an impact on the economic position and the development of both the old and the new members. The biggest increase in the number of members brought the 5th big enlargement of the European Union, when the number of the member countries increased in total for 12 countries, first for 10, and then for 2 more.

The effects of this enlargement on former soviet countries are specially interesting not only because of the number of the new members, but also because of the fact that these countries during the joining have also pass the process of the transition to the market economy.

The aim of this work is to examine the effects of the enlargement on the foreign trade of the new members, and the effects of the changes in foreign trade on the economic development of these countries. The analysis of the effects of joining the European Union could be interesting for the countries which strive to become members of this economic regional integration.
Nominal and Real Convergence as a Determinant for Joining the European Monetary Union
Authors: Kasumović Merim , Heric Erna
Published: July 2017

The thematic framework of this work is the nominal and real convergence as a determinant for joining the European monetary union. The focus of the work is to prove that realising the criteria of the convergence affects the stability of the European monetary union, that is, that the cause of destabilisation is exactly the fact that certain member nations have not realised the assigned convergence criteria. The financial integration is an important question because it contributes to the economic growth affecting free exchange with the goal of a more efficient allocation of capital; it is the result of the economic theory and the empirical research. Introducing the Euro as a single payment method while losing the monetary sovereignty of the countries which have accepted it is the main reason for forming the European Central Bank. The mission of the European Central Bank is to define and conduct a single monetary policy within the Eurozone. Because of the already mentioned facts, the challenges of conducting the fiscal policy within the Eurozone as well as the key aspects of the monetary unification of Europe have been analysed. The results of this analysis should point out the stability of the EMU by the convergence degree of the member nations from a single monetary area.