bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genus Tuponia Reuter, 1875 of China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Exaeretini) with descriptions of three new species
Authors: LI XIAO-MING , LIU GUO-QING
Published: May 2016

The species of Tuponia Reuter from China are reviewed. Three of them, T. gracilipedis, T. zhenyuanensis and T. virentis, are described as new. Tuponia ordosica Lü and Cui, 2011 is proposed as a synonym of T. arcufera Reuter, 1879. Keys to subgenera and Chinese species, and illustrations of the habitus and male genitalia for the recognized species are provided. Scanning electron micrographs are given for the new species.
Taxonomic notes on three species of the genus Agonischius (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Elaterinae, Elaterini) with a new species from Taiwan
Authors: ARIMOTO KÔICHI
Published: May 2016

Agonischius yokoyamai sp. nov. is described and represents the first record of Agonischius from Taiwan. This species resembles A. lateritius and A. insolitus, but is distinguished from the former by an orange body, yellowish-brown setae, longer antennae, and longer female sternite and tergite VIII, and from the latter by a wider body and differences in the male and female terminalia. Mouth-parts, abdominal terminalia and genitalia of this genus are described in detail and illustrated for the first time. These observations reveal that female sternite VIII and tergite VIII may be useful for species identification of Agonischius.
A new genus of Asterocheridae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) ectoassociate of the ascidian Eudistoma vannamei Millar, 1977 (Polycitoridae) from Brazil
Authors: JOHNSSON RODRIGO , BAHIA CRISTIANO , NEVES ELIZABETH
Published: May 2016

Asterocheres Boeck, 1860 is the largest genus of the siphonostomatoid copepod family Asterocheridae, containing 63 valid species. The genus is known for its symbiotic relationships with many marine invertebrate taxa, especially sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, and echinoderms. Recent studies have restricted the diagnosis of this genus. Consequently, many species are now considered as species inquirendae. The present paper describes a new species living externally on the tunic of Eudistoma vannamei Millar, 1977, an endemic ascidian from Brazil. As the new species does not fit Asterocheres in the strict sense, a new genus is erected to accommodate it. Setacheres gen. nov. is characterized by its possession of two distal setae on the third endopodal segment of P3, thus differing from the distal seta and spine pattern that is deemed as diagnostic of Asterocheres. A revision and comparison of Asterocheres´ species inquirendae revealed eight species sharing the same generic characteristics and were thus reallocated as members of the new genus.
Rhetoric of epistemic authority: Defending field positions during the financial crisis
Authors: Riaz Suhaib , Buchanan Sean , Ruebottom Trish
Published: May 2016

In this article we explore how elite actors respond to a field-wide crisis. Drawing from a study of CEOs of large US banks in the immediate aftermath of the global financial crisis, we show how elite actors use rhetorical strategies to defend their dominant position in the field. Specifically, we show how actors strengthen their epistemic authority – the perceived expertise and trustworthiness of an actor – through four distinct but interwoven rhetorical strategies. Actors used two internally-directed means of strengthening epistemic authority by providing rational guarantees and expressing normative responsibilities, and two externally-directed strategies that sought to strengthen their own epistemic authority by lowering the epistemic authority of others through critiquing judgments and questioning motives. We contribute to research on defensive institutional work by highlighting how elite actors rhetorically defended their position following a field-wide crisis.
Food and music matters: Affective relations and practices in social justice organizations
Authors: Keevers Lynne , Sykes Christopher
Published: May 2016

In this article, we focus on the organizing practices of a community-based, not-for-profit, social justice organization. We investigate how organizational participants interweave bundles of practices involving food and music to choreograph the affective relations that bring forth a sense of belonging, participation, recognition and respect between diverse people, thereby enacting social justice. This article examines the everyday, organizing practices associated with food and music and shows how not only are food and music excellent entrances to understanding organizational practices but they are also instrumental in constituting and reconstituting the performance of social justice. In this way, our article brings attention to the dimensions of knowing which are not primarily about representing but about affecting. In particular, practices of respect, recognition and belonging are rendered communicable across the boundaries of difference, dependency and inequality, forming platforms for solidarity and the understanding of differences. The article illustrates how organizing practices involving food and music play important roles in creating the conditions of possibility for diverse people to work collaboratively and respectfully together. We contend that the lived experience of organization cannot be understood without attentiveness to affect and affective relations.
Enabling team learning when members are prone to contentious communication: The role of team leader coaching
Authors: Schaubroeck John , Carmeli Abraham , Bhatia Sarena , Paz Etty
Published: May 2016

Members of teams are often prone to interpersonal communication patterns that can undermine the team’s capacity to engage in self-learning processes that are critical to team adaptation and performance improvement. We argue that team leader coaching behaviors are critical to ensuring that team discussions that may foster learning new teamwork skills and strategies are unfettered by the tendency of two or more members to exhibit contentious interpersonal communications. We accordingly test a model in which team contentious communication moderates the mediated relationship of team leader coaching behaviors on team innovation effectiveness and team task performance. In a study of 82 work teams, team leader coaching behaviors exhibited indirect, positive relationships with both team innovation effectiveness and team task performance through team learning, but only among teams with an average or higher level of contentious interpersonal communication. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for the leadership of teams.
Becoming hybrid: The negotiated order on the front line of public–private partnerships
Authors: Bishop Simon , Waring Justin
Published: May 2016

This article examines how tensions in institutional logics, created in the formation of hybrid organizations, are played out, and partially resolved, through micro-level interactions within everyday work. Drawing on the negotiated order perspective, our research examined how the ‘context’, ‘processes’ and ‘outcomes’ of micro-level negotiations reflect and mitigate tensions between institutional logics. Our ethnographic study of a public–private partnership within the English healthcare system identified tensions within the hybrid organization around organizational goals and values, work activities, hierarchies and the materials and technologies of work. We also identified processes of negotiation between actors, which contributed to negotiated settlements, at times combining elements of parent institutional logics, and at other times serving to keep parent logics distinct. The article demonstrates the relevance of negotiated order perspective to current institutional logics literature on hybrid organizations.
Temporal issues in person–organization fit, person–job fit and turnover: The role of leader–member exchange
Authors: Boon Corine , Biron Michal
Published: May 2016

Person–environment fit has been found to have significant implications for employee attitudes and behaviors. Most research to date has approached person–environment fit as a static phenomenon, and without examining how different types of person–environment fit may affect each other. In particular, little is known about the conditions under which fit with one aspect of the environment influences another aspect, as well as subsequent behavior. To address this gap we examine the role of leader–member exchange in the relationship between two types of person–environment fit over time: person–organization and person–job fit, and subsequent turnover. Using data from two waves (T1 and T2, respectively) and turnover data collected two years later (T3) from a sample of 160 employees working in an elderly care organization in the Netherlands, we find that person–organization fit at T1 is positively associated with person–job fit at T2, but only for employees in high-quality leader–member exchange relationships. Higher needs–supplies fit at T2 is associated with lower turnover at T3. In contrast, among employees in high-quality leader–member exchange relationships, the demands–abilities dimension of person–job fit at T2 is associated with higher turnover at T3.
Supervision in clinical neuropsychology: standards and practices
Authors: Ferreira-Correia Aline
Published: May 2016

Clinical supervision is fundamental to the training and development of professional psychologists; however, no clear supervision methods have been developed, and the ideal competencies for psychologists and supervisors are yet to be defined. This lack of consensus is aggravated in the field of clinical neuropsychology supervision due to the dearth of literature available, which has an impact not only in the supervisory activities and the training of new professionals, but also ultimately in the quality of service provided to people that in many cases could be considered to be a vulnerable population. The theoretical background provided in this review covers conceptual developments and debates in relation to clinical supervision. Specifically, it reflects on the definition of supervision in the context of neuropsychology, as well as competencies and practices required in order to render supervision. A brief review of supervision in the field of clinical neuropsychology is included. Additionally, some insights are offered into the dearth of research and theoretical developments in this area. Finally, some comments are included in relation to the professional progress of clinical neuropsychology in developing countries, with particular reference to South Africa.
Consensus of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems: Linear-transformation-based partial stability approach
Authors: Chen Yangzhou , Qu Xiaojun , Aleksandrov A Yu , Dai Guiping
Published: May 2016

We deal with the state consensus problem of a general heterogeneous linear multi-agent system under a time-invariant and directed communication topology. First we adopt a general linear consensus protocol consisting of two parts. One is a state feedback of the agent for independently regulating its dynamics, and the other is a cooperative term in a generalized feedback form of the relative states between the agents. Then we propose a state-linear-transformation to equivalently transform the state consensus problem into a partial stability problem. Therefore, the result from the partial stability theory is applied to derive a sufficient and necessary algebraic criterion of consensus convergence, which is expressed in terms of the Hurwitz stability of a real matrix constructed from the parameters of both the agents’ models and the protocol. Meanwhile, an analytical formula of the consensus function is presented. Based on the criterion, we propose a design procedure of the gain matrices in the protocol by solving a bilinear matrix inequality.
Stabilizing constant controllers for two-input, two-output systems with reducible and irreducible characteristic equations
Authors: Üstoğlu İlker , Eren Yavuz , Söylemez M Turan
Published: May 2016

This paper proposes a theoretical and practical approach for determining the stabilizing gain intervals for two-input, two-output (TITO) systems with a constant diagonal controller. Our main contribution is to present an algorithm which is more practical than the stabilizing methods that depend on the Nyquist stability criterion. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for TITO systems with reducible or irreducible characteristic equations.
Optimal least squares model approximation for large-scale linear discrete-time systems
Authors: Vasu G , Siva Kumar M , Ramalingaraju M
Published: May 2016

A new computationally simple and precise model approximation method is described for large-scale linear discrete-time systems. By least squares matching of a suitable number of time moment proportionals and Markov parameters about [Formula: see text] of the original higher order system within the approximate model, stable denominator polynomial coefficients of the approximate model are determined. To improvise the accuracy of the approximate model, numerator polynomial coefficients are determined by minimizing the integral squared error (ISE) between the unit impulse responses of the original system and its approximate model. A matrix formula is formulated for evaluating numerator coefficients of the approximate model that leads to minimum ISE, and also for evaluating ISE. The efficacy of the proposed method is shown by illustrating three typical numerical examples employed from the literature, and the results are compared with many familiar reduction methods in terms of the ISE and relative ISE values pertaining to impulse input. Furthermore, time and frequency responses of the original system and the respective approximate model are plotted.
Output feedback synchronization of multiple robot systems under parametric uncertainties
Authors: Cicek Elif , Dasdemir Janset
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we propose a novel cooperative control scheme that solves the position synchronization problem of multiple robot manipulators, under parametric uncertainties, in the case when only position measurements are available. The synchronization controller, adaptation law and the filter that generates a velocity-related signal from the position tracking error are designed via a Lyapunov-based stability analysis. It is shown that the proposed method guarantees semi-global asymptotic convergence of the position synchronization error. The simulation results on five robot manipulators ensure the feasibility of the filter/controller mechanism.
In the Eye of the Betrothed
Authors: Cole Shana , Trope Yaacov , Balcetis Emily
Published: May 2016

People in monogamous relationships can experience a conflict when they interact with an attractive individual. They may have a desire to romantically pursue the new person, while wanting to be faithful to their partner. How do people manage the threat that attractive alternatives present to their relationship goals? We suggest that one way people defend their relationships against attractive individuals is by perceiving the individual as less attractive. In two studies, using a novel visual matching paradigm, we found support for a perceptual downgrading effect. People in relationships perceived threatening attractive individuals as less attractive than did single participants. The effect was exacerbated among participants who were highly satisfied with their current relationships. The studies provide evidence for a perceptual bias that emerges to protect long-term goals. We discuss the findings within the context of a broader theory of motivated perception in the service of self-control.
Citizens’ media use and the accuracy of their perceptions of electoral integrity
Authors: Coffé Hilde
Published: May 2016

Combining data from the sixth wave (2010–2014) of the World Values Survey (WVS) and the 2012–2013 Perceptions of Electoral Integrity (PEI) expert survey, this study looks at the link between the frequency of citizens’ informational use of traditional media (newspapers, magazines, radio and TV) and the internet, and the accuracy of their perceptions of the electoral process, and investigates how this link varies depending on countries’ levels of press freedom. A multilevel analysis including data from 16 countries shows that the frequency of the use of traditional media has a significantly more positive effect on the accuracy of citizens’ perceptions of electoral integrity in countries with high levels of press freedom compared with countries with low levels of press freedom. The frequency of the use of the internet relates similarly to the accuracy of perceptions of electoral integrity in countries with high and low levels of press freedom.
A rare case of unilateral severe bullous emphysema in a 32-year-old female
Authors: Lim Hui Jun , Lim Chong Hee
Published: May 2016

Congenital bullous emphysema is defined as large bullae involving at least one-third of a hemithorax. We describe the case of a 32-year-old female who presented with increasing shortness of breath. Radiological investigations revealed severe emphysema with hyperexpansion of the right lung and a mediastinal shift to the left. A lung perfusion scan showed reduced perfusion in the right lung. The patient underwent a right pneumonectomy with a diagnosis of congenital bullous emphysema. She was doing well 6 years later.
Conducting Three-Level Longitudinal Analyses
Authors: Peugh James L. , Heck Ronald H.
Published: May 2016

Researchers in the field of early adolescence interested in quantifying the environmental influences on a response variable of interest over time would use cluster sampling (i.e., obtaining repeated measures from students nested within classrooms and/or schools) to obtain the needed sample size. The resulting longitudinal data would be nested at three levels (e.g., repeated measures [Level 1], collected across participants [Level 2], and nested within different schools [Level 3]). A previous publication addressed statistical analysis issues specific to cross-sectional three-level data analytic designs. This article expands upon the previous cross-sectional three-level publication to address topics specific to longitudinal three-level data analyses efforts. Although all analysis examples are demonstrated using SAS, the equivalent SPSS and Mplus syntax scripts, as well as the generated example data and additional supplemental materials, are available online.
Lifting the Loincloth: Reframing the discourse on gender, identity, and traditions – Strategies to combat the lingering legacies of spectacles in the scholarship on East and East Central Africa
Authors: Fourshey Catherine Cymone , Marie Gonzales Rhonda , Saidi Christine , Vieira-Martinez Carolyn
Published: May 2016

After two decades of research in East and East Central Africa on early precolonial history, the authors of this article began a collaborative project focused on gender and identity with an aim of addressing and rectifying categories that commonly appear in anthropological and historical studies. Our position is that present day gender and identity categories applied to the deep past are problematic because they too often miss the nuances of gender, identity, and power dynamics in Africa. This has resulted in a common perception that African women have been perpetual victims and that identity is universal and static. We acknowledge that the corpus of nineteenth and twentieth century anthropological and historical works are a rich resource for researchers if critically reexamined in light of more recent research on gender and identity. We posit new approaches that might inspire a conversation to create more culturally germane categories for particular African contexts. Anthropology and history have greatly influenced public understandings of women and ethnicity in Africa. Thus it is well worth a more vigorous reexamination of how we can construct more accurate historical representations both of African women’s statuses in societies and identities as represented in ethnicity, traditions, or other relevant expressions.
The Effect of Cell Dose on the Early Magnetic Resonance Morphological Outcomes of Autologous Cell Implantation for Articular Cartilage Defects in the Knee
Authors: Niemeyer Philipp , Laute Volker , John Thilo , Becher Christoph , Diehl Peter , Kolombe Thomas , Fay Jakob , Siebold Rainer , Niks Milan , Fickert Stefan , Zinser Wolfgang
Published: May 2016

Background:

Although autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been established as a standard treatment for large full-thickness cartilage defects, the effect of different doses of autologous chondrocyte products on structural outcomes has never been examined.

Hypothesis:

In ACI, the dose level may have an influence on medium-term magnetic resonance morphological findings after treatment.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 75 patients who underwent ACI using a pure, autologous, third-generation matrix-associated ACI product were divided into 3 groups representing different doses: 3 to 7 spheroids/cm2, 10 to 30 spheroids/cm2, and 40 to 70 spheroids/cm2. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months after ACI and was evaluated by the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).

Results:

MOCART scores showed improvements after 3 months, with slight dose dependence, and further improvement after 12 months, although without significant dose dependence. The mean MOCART scores after 3 months (0 = worst, 100 = best) were 59.8, 64.5, and 64.7 for the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively, and 62.9 for all patients; at 12 months, these were 74.1, 74.5, and 68.8 for the respective dose groups and 72.4 for all patients. Several MOCART items (surface of repair tissue, structure of repair tissue, signal intensity of repair tissue, subchondral bone, and synovitis) showed a more rapid response with the medium and high doses than with the low dose, suggesting a potential dose relationship. No significant correlation between the MOCART (overall and subscores) with clinical outcomes as assessed by the overall KOOS was detected at 3- and 12-month assessments.

Conclusion:

This study reveals a trend toward earlier recovery after treatment with higher spheroid doses in terms of better defect filling for full-thickness cartilage defects of the knee, while outcomes after 12 months were similar in all dose groups. However, a correlation with clinical outcomes or the failure rate at 1 year after ACI was not found. A longer follow-up will be required for more definite conclusions on the clinical relevance of ACI cell density to be drawn.

Registration:

NCT01225575 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier); 2009-016816-20 (EudraCT number).
Long-term Survivorship and Function of Meniscus Transplantation
Authors: Noyes Frank R. , Barber-Westin Sue D.
Published: May 2016

Background:

Clinical outcomes and survivorship of meniscus transplants remain unclear, especially when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and weightbearing radiographic findings are included as endpoints. Many studies calculate survivorship based only on subsequent operative procedures.

Purpose:

We prospectively determined long-term survivorship and functional outcomes of 72 consecutive meniscus transplants. The effects of articular cartilage damage, concurrent osteochondral autograft transfer (20 knees), patient age, and tibiofemoral compartment were evaluated.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The long-term function and survival rates of 69 of 72 consecutive medial and lateral bone-meniscus-bone transplants (96% follow-up) were determined. Survival endpoints of reoperations, MRI failure (grade 3 signal intensity, extrusion >50% of meniscal width), meniscal tear on examination, and radiographic loss of joint space provided a worst-case outcome. Long-term functional analysis was performed in 58 transplants a mean of 11.9 ± 3.2 years postoperatively. The Cincinnati and International Knee Documentation Committee rating systems were used to evaluate outcomes.

Results:

For all transplants, the estimated probability of survival was 85% at 2 years, 77% at 5 years, 69% at 7 years, 45% at 10 years, and 19% at 15 years. There were significant improvements for pain, swelling, walking, stair climbing, and patient knee rating ( P < .05). Further surgery was performed in 37 cases. Knees that had concurrent osteochondral autograft transfer had significantly lower survival rates beginning at the seventh postoperative year; however, there was no significant difference in the long-term symptom, function, and patient perception scores between these knees and the rest of the cohort. The factors of articular cartilage damage (grade 2B/3 vs none), patient age (<30 years vs 30-49 years), and tibiofemoral compartment (medial vs lateral) had no significant effect on the survival, symptom, or functional analyses.

Conclusion:

A survival analysis that includes reoperations, MRI, radiographs, and a comprehensive examination provides a worst-case but realistic analysis of transplant function. Many patients experienced a short- and long-term benefit of reduced symptoms and improved function. However, meniscus transplants undergo a deleterious remodeling process and eventually fail. Patients should be advised that the procedure is not curative in the long term, and additional surgery will likely be required.
Charitable giving and reflexive individuals: How personal reflexivity mediates between structure and agency
Authors: Sanghera Balihar
Published: May 2016

This article examines how individuals are reflexive beings who interpret the world in relation to things that matter to them, and how charitable acts are evaluated and embedded in their lives with different degrees of meaning and importance. Rather than framing the discussion of charitable practices in terms of an altruism/egoism binary or imputing motivations and values to social structures, the article explains how reflexivity is an important and neglected dimension of social practices, and how it interacts with sympathy, sentiments and discourses to shape giving. The study also shows that there are different modes of reflexivity, which have varied effects on charity and volunteering.
Proportional–integral–derivative controller family for pole placement
Authors: Ashokkumar Chimpalthradi R , York George WP , Gruber Scott F
Published: May 2016

In this paper, linear time-invariant square systems are considered. A procedure to design infinitely many proportional–integral–derivative controllers, all of them assigning closed-loop poles (or closed-loop eigenvalues), at desired locations fixed in the open left half plane of the complex plane is presented. The formulation accommodates partial pole placement features. The state-space realization of the linear system incorporated with a proportional–integral–derivative controller boils down to the generalized eigenvalue problem. The generalized eigenvalue-eigenvector constraint is transformed into a system of underdetermined linear homogenous set of equations whose unknowns include proportional–integral–derivative parameters. Hence, the proportional–integral–derivative solution sets are infinitely many for the chosen closed-loop eigenvalues in the eigenvalue-eigenvector constraint. The solution set is also useful to reduce the tracking errors and improve the performance. Three examples are illustrated.
Buckling strength of rectangular plates with elastically restrained edges subjected to in-plane impact loading
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Deyu
Published: May 2016

The dynamic buckling of rectangular plates with the elastically restrained edges subjected to in-plane impact loading is investigated. Budiansky–Hutchinson criterion is employed for calculation of dynamic buckling loads. The displacement function concluding the elastically restrained boundary condition is expressed as Navier’s double Fourier series. In order to solve the large deformation equations of plate, Galerkin method is applied. Also, the non-linear coupled time integration of the governing equation of plate is solved by using fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The correctness of the method presented in the paper has been validated by comparing the results with the published literature. It is proved that the rotational restraint stiffness that is usually ignored by previous researchers plays an important role in dynamic response and dynamic buckling of the rectangular plates subjected to in-plane impact loading. Furthermore, the influence of the other parameters (initial imperfections, impact duration and geometric dimensions) on the dynamic response and dynamic buckling is studied in detail.
Narrative, Space and Atmosphere
Authors: Matthews Daniel
Published: May 2016

Since the financial crash of 2008, the strategy of occupation has been widely deployed as a means of expressing and mobilizing political dissent. Within legal studies, responses to this mode of protest have remained wedded to a statist perspective that fails to assess the normative commitments immanent to occupations themselves. Rather than examining the strategy of occupation through a legalistic lens, this article approaches a recent occupation through the theoretical apparatus of the ‘nomosphere’. This term – originally coined by David Delaney but substantially expanded here – allows for an assessment of the spatial, narrative and atmospheric orderings of the Umbrella Movement, a pro-democracy campaign that sustained a 79-day occupation in Hong Kong’s city centre in late 2014. This ‘nomospheric inquiry’ assesses the forms of ordering that animated the movement from within and seeks to foreground the lived and felt reality of the occupation rather than focus on its legalistic or constitutional significance alone.
Why go to pop concerts? The motivations behind live music attendance
Authors: Brown Steven Caldwell , Knox Don
Published: May 2016

Recent technological innovations have facilitated widespread illegal downloading of recorded music. While this points towards a decreased willingness to pay for music, the increase in the popularity of live music suggests otherwise. This is especially so when taking into account the rising cost of concert tickets, likely the result of reduced recorded music revenues. In the present study, a consideration of the unique motivations of why music fans decide on whether or not to attend live concerts is of interest. Drawing from a sample of 249 participants (55.02% female) with a mean age of 26.49, an open-ended questionnaire was analysed thematically with four key themes defined: Experience, Engagement, Novelty and Practical. The results highlight that participants want to “be there”, to be a part of something unique and special, sharing the experience with likeminded others. Other social dimensions such as the use of live music events as a means to demonstrate fan worship were also found. The unknown, novel aspects of live music were key motivators, such as hearing new material and watching support bands. Notably, price was not a contributing factor when choosing to attend a concert, suggesting that live music offers fans something special that they are more than willing to pay for.
Tuberculosis and mental health in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Mason Paul H , Sweetland Annika C , Fox Greg J , Halovic Shaun , Nguyen Thu Anh , Marks Guy B
Published: May 2016

Objective:

This opinion piece encourages mental health researchers and clinicians to engage with mental health issues among tuberculosis patients in the Asia-Pacific region in a culturally appropriate and ethical manner. The diversity of cultural contexts and the high burden of tuberculosis throughout the Asia-Pacific presents significant challenges. Research into tuberculosis and mental illness in this region is an opportunity to develop more nuanced models of mental illness and treatment, while simultaneously contributing meaningfully to regional tuberculosis care and prevention.

Conclusions:

We overview key issues in tuberculosis and mental illness co-morbidity, highlight ethical concerns and advocate for a regional approach to tuberculosis and mental health that is consistent with the transnational challenges presented by this airborne infectious disease. Integrating tuberculosis and mental health services will go a long way to addressing the needs of vulnerable populations and stopping the transmission of one of the world’s biggest infectious killers.
Towards a better understanding of standard determination and standard setting in the RANZCP summative assessments
Authors: de Beer Wayne , Bhatt Anita
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

The authors outline the difference between content and performance standards and the rationale for standard setting at a medical college. The principles of the college’s standard setting processes for the written and objective structured clinical examination summative assessments are discussed in greater detail.

Conclusion:

There is no evidence of any single standard setting method to be the best. Multiple methods exist and will have varied results when applied. The judgement of a panel of subject experts remains an important component of the standard setting process.
Internationalization at a Distance
Authors: Ramanau Ruslan
Published: May 2016

This article explores how part-time students in an online international management course perceived various features of the course-learning design and whether international perspectives were built into their learning experiences. The focus of the study was on cross-cultural differences across groups of learners in the United Kingdom, in other European countries, and in Russia and studying the course in different languages. Using a mixed-method approach, the study’s results challenge the distinction between “internationalization at home” and “internationalization away” perspectives on curricula, due to growing numbers of students studying online from their home countries. Study participants reported high degrees of engagement with international perspectives, but their experience can be best described as “internationalization at a distance,” where traditional campus-based acculturation effects were not observed. The article concludes with a discussion of opportunities for management educators to develop a “glocal” approach to online course curriculum design, intentionally blending global perspectives with locally relevant knowledge and managerial skills.
Special Educators as Intervention Specialists
Authors: Farmer Thomas W. , Sutherland Kevin S. , Talbott Elizabeth , Brooks Debbie S. , Norwalk Kate , Huneke Michelle
Published: May 2016

We present a dynamic systems perspective for the intensification of interventions for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). With this framework, we suggest behavior involves the contributions of multiple factors and reflects the interplay between the characteristics of the student and the ecologies in which he or she is embedded. Building from a discussion of the application of dynamic systems theory to ecological intervention, we propose four types of data are needed to guide intervention intensification: universal/probabilistic knowledge and strategies, implementation science practice elements, person-oriented developmental analysis, and person-in-context interactional analyses. We discuss practice implications and propose two types of specialists: intervention specialists who provide direct services and have expertise adapting interventions across the academic, behavioral, and social domains and intervention specialist coordinators who direct intervention intensification activities across service sectors and design and monitor long-term intervention plans focused on developmentally relevant outcomes. Finally, we consider implications for research and professional development.
The Role of IL-17 in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis and Update on IL-17 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: AbuHilal Mohn’d , Walsh Scott , Shear Neil
Published: May 2016

Background:

Major advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of psoriasis.

Objectives:

The authors review the role of interleukin (IL) 17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and provide updates on approved and investigational therapies targeting IL-17 and the IL-17 receptor.

Methods:

A PubMed search was performed for relevant literature.

Conclusion:

The IL-23/Th17 signaling pathway (including IL-17) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Biologic agents that block IL-17 (secukinumab and ixekizumab) or its receptor (brodalumab) are effective and safe for the treatment of psoriasis.
An approach to weight optimization of a spur gear
Authors: Panda S , Biswal BB , Jena SD , Mishra D
Published: May 2016

Lightweight is one of the most important criterion in the optimum design of gear set for motorsport and aerospace application. A tradeoff between optimum weight and failure modes of gear is a subject of interest for researchers and the industry. In the present work weight of a single-stage spur gear set is optimized. This nonlinear constrained optimization formulation has been solved by using differential evolution algorithm. A total of six design variables corresponding to gear geometry and material property are considered. The results obtained are compared with those of published heuristics like genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, and particle swarm optimization algorithm, respectively. The optimization is performed in such a way that the design variables satisfy all constraints at optimum solution. Apart from this, several constraints related to scoring are included in the optimization. The constraint violation study is performed to prioritize the constraints. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to see the effect of manufacturing tolerances of design variables on weight of the gear set. The optimality of the solution has been ensured through the convergence study. The optimization reveals that the reported results are also encouraging in terms of objective function values and CPU time. In addition, the optimum design variables obtained through the weight optimization of spur gear set are used for preparation of a CAD model. Then the stress analysis using finite element analysis is performed on the gear set to identify the critical stress region in the optimized gear set.
Online news flow: Temporal/spatial exploitation and credibility
Authors: Choi Sujin , Kim Jeongseob
Published: May 2016

This study examines how repetitive news publishing on the Internet has changed evaluations of the credibility of the press and news aggregators. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the Internet have facilitated repetitive publishing of almost identical news content by the same news companies. The mechanism of repetitive news is based on the interplay between journalistic and algorithmic curations, which coexist on news aggregation sites. Based on a nationwide survey in South Korea, we found that the repetitive-news block was the strongest (and negative) predictor of the credibility of both the press and news aggregators. The more frequently people are exposed to repetitive news and the more they perceive it as being problematic, the less likely they are to regard the press and news aggregators as credible. These results have implications for online news flow and credibility research.
Transforming education by using a new generation of information systems
Authors: González-Sancho Carlos , Vincent-Lancrin Stéphan
Published: May 2016

Data use is becoming a prominent strategy for educational innovation and improvement across countries. However, the fragmentation of data collection often hinders the capacity of policymakers, researchers and practitioners to access and analyse the wealth of data routinely generated in educational institutions. A critical step towards realising the potential of education data is thus to set up a strong data infrastructure at the national/state level. Longitudinal data systems represent a promising solution to this challenge. We discuss the capabilities and limitations of current education data systems, drawing on a survey of 64 systems in 30 countries. We argue that the next generation of education data systems should integrate longitudinal, individual-level administrative records with learning management platforms, and incorporate an extended repertoire of analysis and reporting tools in order to support richer types of diagnosis and provide enhanced feedback to stakeholders. The potential of longitudinal data systems to foster innovation and improvement in education is illustrated by a discussion of how these tools can support educational research.
Optimizing Technology Use for Chronic Lower-Extremity Wound Healing
Authors: Mani Raj , Margolis David J. , Shukla Vijay , Akita Sadanori , Lazarides Miltos , Piaggesi Alberto , Falanga Vincent , Teot Luc , Xie Ting , Bing Fu Xiao , Romanelli Marco , Attinger Chris , Han Chun Mao , Lu Shuliang , Meaume Sylvie , Xu Zhangrong , Viswanathan Vijay
Published: May 2016

Innovations in technology are used in managing chronic wounds. Despite the wide range of technologies available, healing of chronic wounds remains variable. In this paper, the authors offer an evidence based approach to the use of technology for diagnosis and management based on the concept of standardised care.
Self-monitoring electro-mechanical actuator for medium altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicle flight controls
Authors: Di Rito Gianpietro , Galatolo Roberto , Schettini Francesco
Published: May 2016

This article deals with the reliability analysis and architecture definition of a fault-tolerant electro-mechanical actuator system for unmanned aerial vehicle applications. Starting from the basic layout of the flight control system of a medium altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicle, the attention is focused on the fault mode analysis of the single electro-mechanical actuator system, with the purpose of pointing out the effects of architectural choices on the system reliability. The electro-mechanical actuator system, developed to be a self-monitoring equipment, has three operating modes: normal, fail-operative and fail-safe. Reliability and safety budgets are quantitatively evaluated via fault tree analysis using typical failure rates of system components, and the most critical paths are identified and discussed.
Helping expectant mothers understand inadequate ultrasound images
Authors: Oates Crispian , Taylor Paula
Published: May 2016

Background

Obstetric ultrasound scans may fail to provide all the information that is needed because of poor visualisation. Two main causes of poor visualisation are addressed. These are poor foetal position and poor quality imaging due to beam distortion by overlying fatty tissue.

Method

To improve communication with patients attending obstetric scans, a poster and leaflet were designed to explain these causes of inadequate scans. A questionnaire was used to assess the value of the poster.

Results

57/66 (86%) questionnaires were completed. 52 (91%) found the information on the poster was helpful and well explained. For 8 (14%) the information changed their thoughts about the scan.

Conclusion

Clear communication aids the expectant mothers understanding of why scans may be suboptimal. The way this is recorded in the scan results is discussed.
A Vicious Cycle
Authors: Okonofua Jason A. , Walton Gregory M. , Eberhardt Jennifer L.
Published: May 2016

Can social–psychological theory provide insight into the extreme racial disparities in school disciplinary action in the United States? Disciplinary problems carry enormous consequences for the quality of students’ experience in school, opportunities to learn, and ultimate life outcomes. This burden falls disproportionately on students of color. Integrating research on stereotyping and on stigma, we theorized that bias and apprehension about bias can build on one another in school settings in a vicious cycle that undermines teacher–student relationships over time and exacerbates inequality. This approach is more comprehensive than accounts in which the predicaments of either teachers or students are considered alone rather than in tandem, it complements nonpsychological approaches, and it gives rise to novel implications for policy and intervention. It also extends prior research on bias and stigmatization to provide a model for understanding the social–psychological bases of inequality more generally.
Angry Birds, Angry Children, and Angry Meta-Analysts
Authors: Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Doi Suhail A. R.
Published: May 2016

Ferguson’s (2015a) meta-analysis assessed a very important and controversial topic about children’s mental health and video games. In response to the concerns raised by researchers about the appropriateness of the meta-analytical methods used by Ferguson; we decided to reanalyze the data and discuss two major misconceptions about meta-analysis. We argue that partial correlations can (and should) be meta-analyzed instead of zero-order bivariate correlations if the predictors included in the partial correlation represent a similar construct. We also discuss the fallacy by which the conventional meta-analytical model assumes that the studies’ effect sizes came into being according to the same random effect construct used by the analysis. Our replication results using partial correlations, standardized (valid and reliable) outcomes, and an improved meta-analytical model (that does not assume a random effect is the mechanism of data generation) confirmed the main results of Ferguson’s meta-analysis. There was a significant yet very small effect on aggressive behavior of exposure to both general, rp = 0.062, 95% CI [0.012, 0.112], and violent, rp = 0.055, 95% CI [0.019, 0.091], video games. A very small effect was seen on reduced prosocial behavior, but this was only in the general video game exposure category, rp = 0.072, 95% CI [0.045, 0.100].
Scientific Psychology in the 18th Century
Authors: Schwarz Katharina A. , Pfister Roland
Published: May 2016

As early as 1783, the almost forgotten philosopher, metaphysicist, and psychologist Ferdinand Ueberwasser (1752–1812) designated himself “ Professor für empirische Psychologie und Logik” (professor of empirical psychology and logic) at the University of Münster, Germany. His position was initiated and supported by the minister and educational reformer Franz von Fürstenberg (1729–1810), who considered psychology a core scientific discipline that should be taught at each school and university. At the end of the 18th century, then, psychology seems to have been on the verge of becoming an independent academic discipline, about 100 years before Wilhelm Wundt founded the discipline’s first official laboratory. It seems surprising that Ueberwasser’s writings—including a seminal textbook on empirical psychology—have been almost entirely overlooked in most historical accounts. We focus on this important founding moment of psychological science and on the circumstances that eventually brought this seminal development to a halt.
How Important Is Deliberate Practice? Reply to Ericsson (2016)
Authors: Macnamara Brooke N. , Hambrick David Z. , Moreau David
Published: May 2016

Ericsson and colleagues’ view that individual differences in expertise can largely be accounted for by accumulated deliberate practice is not supported by the available empirical evidence. Extending earlier work (Macnamara, Hambrick, & Oswald, 2014), we found that deliberate practice accounted for a sizeable amount of variance in sports performance (18%), but it left a much larger amount unexplained. Ericsson’s (2016, this issue) evaluation of our research is undercut by contradictions, omissions, and errors. We agree with Ericsson that future longitudinal research will deepen understanding of expertise, but our goal was to evaluate the importance of deliberate practice based on existing evidence.