bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of anxiety and depression in HIV-positive patients
Authors: El Alama Hakim , Fatihi Touria , Benmoussa Adnane , Barkat Amina
Published: February 2024

Context: Given the psychological disorders caused by HIV and antiretroviral treatment, knowledge of these disorders such as depression and anxiety remains a key element for therapeutic success. Aims: To evaluate anxiety and depression in HIV-positive patients as well as to detach certain correlations between the level of anxio-depression and parameters such as gender, socioeconomic and socio-cultural status, viral load. It is also to validate the Arabic versions of these inventories and scales within the HIV-positive population. Methods: The prospective observational study was extended over a 6-month period and included 220 HIV-positive patients. The scales and inventories used to assess anxio-depression were: The Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Spielberger's inventory. Psychological stratification as an original method that has been created to classify patients according to their psychological status and biological parameters of HIV (viral load and CD4 count) was performed. Results: The gender ratio was 52.78, where 144 (65.46%) were women, the average age was 41.60 ± 11.05 years, 125 patients were single. Anxiety and depression were prevalent in this sample. More than 90% of the patients presented depressing symptomatology and more than 85% anxious symptomatology according to the different scales and inventories. Anxio-depression was related to viral load and CD4 count according to different assessment tools. Conclusions: This study has shown a high prevalence of anxio-depression, this is a warning signal to avoid any complications or suicidal risk. We have been able to validate the Arabic versions of the inventories and assessment items for anxiety and depression in a sample of Moroccan patients.
East Java green tea methanolic extract can enhance RUNX2 and Osterix expression during orthodontic tooth movement in vivo
Authors: Sitasari Putri I. , Narmada Ida B. , Hamid Thalca , Triwardhani Ari , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Rahmawati Dwi
Published: February 2024

Context: Alveolar bone remodeling is important to achieve an optimal Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM). Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Osterix (OSX) expression are important for bone remodeling. Green tea (Camelia sinensis) can enhancing bone remodeling. Aims: To investigate the effect of a methanolic extract of green tea (MEGT) on the OSX and RUNX2 expression during OTM in Wistar rats. Methods: The experiment with post-test only and simple random sampling was conducted. The samples consisted of twenty-eight Wistar rats, which were then divided into 4 groups (n=7), negative control (CN) group, positive control (CP) group with OTM but without MEGT administration, group with OTM for 14 days and MEGT administration from day 7 to day 14 (T1), group with OTM with MEGT administration for 14 days (T2). Nickle-titanium coil spring with 10 g/mm2 force was placed between the incisors and the maxillary molars. MEGT was collected from East Java and identified its principal metabolite by HPLC analysis. RUNX2 and OSX expression were analyzed by utilizing Immunohistochemical analysis. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed and then continued with least significant difference (p<0.05). Results: The highest RUNX2 and OSX expression were found in the tension side of group T2 with significant difference between groups (p<0.05). The principal metabolite of the extract was identified as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Conclusions: Post administration of a MEGT could increase RUNX2 and OSX expression in alveolar bone of OTM Wistar rats. Part of this action could be attributed to the presence of EGCG in the extract.
Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in cancer therapy in Iwo and Ibadan, South-Western of Nigeria
Authors: Afolayan Funmilayo I.D. , Sulaiman Kabirat A. , Okunade Waliyat T.
Published: February 2024

Context: The increase in cancer morbidity and mortality, as well as high cost and adverse effects of the available cancer therapies, necessitate the need for the discovery of new and safe anticancer agents. Many medicinal plants, which have served as sources of beneficial drugs were revealed through an ethnobotanical survey. Aims: To reveal and document the medicinal plants used in treating cancer in Iwo and Ibadan, South-Western, Nigeria. Methods: The Snowball method was used to search and select the participants who included herb sellers, traditional medical practitioners, and herbalists. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information, which included herbal recipes, dosage, and methods of preparation of the herbs. Relative frequency citation (RFC), family use value (FUV) and medicinal use-value (MUV) were calculated. Results: A total number of 92 plant species belonging to 51 families were revealed. Citrus limon, Xylopia aethiopica and Crotalaria pallida had the highest RCF of 0.25, 0.22 and 0.17, respectively, while the family Leguminosae (10.99%) had the highest number of plants species. Three of the plants had the highest MUV of 0.12 while Bignoniaceae family had the highest FUV. Various parts of the plants were used in preparing these. Conclusions: Many plants used in treating cancer have been revealed in this study. Therefore, scientific validation of the biological properties of the species, both singly and in combination as used, is strongly recommended.
Ethnobotanical study of plants used in the treatment of respiratory diseases in a population bordering the forest of Izarène
Authors: Orch Hicham , Zidane Lahcen , Douira Allal
Published: February 2024

Context: Ethnobotanical surveys among users of medicinal plants have allowed us to inventory the medicinal species used and to safeguard the maximum of information acquired by the local population in traditional phytotherapy. Aims: To contribute to a better knowledge of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of respiratory diseases, an ethnobotanical study was carried out among the population bordering the Izarène forest. Methods: Using 480 questionnaire sheets, ethnobotanical field surveys were conducted during two campaigns (2013 to 2015). The determination of the different survey media was carried out using stratified probability sampling techniques. The ethnobotanical data were analyzed through the calculation of quantitative indices, such as Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Family Importance Value index (FIV), Fidelity Level (FL), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Use-Value of the Plant Part (PPV). Results: Analysis of the results revealed 40 plant species, which fall into 19 botanical families. The Lamiaceae family was the most represented (14 species, FIV = 0.076). The highest Relative Citation Frequency (RFC) (0.22) was recorded for Mentha pulegium. Concerning the diseases treated, asthma had the highest ICF (0.95). The leaf was considered the most used part of the plant (PPV = 0.34), and most of the remedies were prepared as decoctions. Conclusions: The results obtained could constitute a basis for further studies for the valorization of medicinal plants used against respiratory diseases through biological and phytochemical studies of the inventoried plants.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro inhibitory effects of Phoenix dactylifera L. on key enzymes implicated in hypertension
Authors: Obode Okukwe C. , Adebayo Abiodun H. , Li Chunyang
Published: February 2024

Context: Phoenix dactylifera (PD) is a medicinal plant reportedly used in folklore for hypertension management. Scientific validation for its use as an antihypertensive agent is scanty. Aims: To investigate the bioactive compounds present in extract and differential solvent fractions, and the in vitro inhibitory effect of PD on the activities of key enzymes associated with hypertension. Methods: Ethanol and differential solvent (ethyl acetate, butanol and water) fractions of PD were prepared using established methods and were thereafter used for the enzyme inhibition assays, which includes: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and arginase. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to evaluate bioactive compounds present in the extracts and fractions. Results: Preliminary phytochemical evaluations revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, betacyanins and phenols in all solvent fractions. Some of the compounds detected in P. dactylifera that have been implicated in hypertension management include squalene, lauric acid, palmitic acid, caprate, stearate, vitamin E, β-sitosterol, phytol, linolenic acid, isosorbide, coumarins and taurine. Furthermore, all except the aqueous fraction exerted significantly (p<0.05) higher ACE inhibition than the control drug (lisinopril). Also, the ethanol, butanol, and aqueous fractions exerted significantly (p<0.05) higher inhibition of PDE-5 than the control drug (sildenafil). However, the aqueous fraction exhibited the highest PDE-5 and AChE inhibition at 86.99 ± 0.10 and 91.81 ± 1.20%, respectively. Also, the aqueous fraction had the highest inhibitory effect on ADA (82.87 ± 4.32%). Conclusions: These findings, therefore, justify the use of P. dactylifera as an antihypertensive agent in the folklore medicine.
Acid Uric 3× Tablet: Standardization and pharmacological evidence of uric acid use as anti-gout medicine
Authors: Shaukat Ayisha , Hussain Khalid , Bukhari Nadeem Irfan , Shehzadi Naureen
Published: February 2024

Context: Despite being a causative agent of gout, uric acid is used as an anti-gout medicine in homeopathy without reported scientific evidence, and such highly diluted medicines lack the exact amount of active ingredient per dose, which is mandatory for pharmacological evaluation. Aims: To determine active contents per tablet and evaluate anti-gout and anti-inflammatory activities of Acid Uric 3× Tablet, a homeopathic anti-gout medicine. Methods: A simple RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of uric acid in Acid Uric 3× Tablet. The standardized tablet was then investigated for anti-gout activity using xanthine oxidase inhibition and potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia in rats models. The tablet was also investigated for anti-inflammatory activity employing both in vitro and in vivo models. Results: The developed HPLC method was found to be simple, sensitive and precise. Acid Uric 3× Tablet was found to contain 250 µg uric acid/tablet. This medicine inhibited xanthine oxidase activity (IC50 = 12.42 μg/mL) and lowered the serum uric acid in tablet-treated rats (1.02 mg/dL) as compared to toxic group (4.87 mg/dL). The tablet also showed anti-inflammatory activity in heat-induced protein denaturation (IC50 = 4.6 ± 1.0 µg/mL), anti-proteinase (IC50 = 4.64 ± 1.0 µg/mL), heat-induced RBC hemolysis (IC50 = 12.39 ± 1.5 µg/mL) and hypotonicity-induced hemolysis (IC50 = 11.31 ± 1.0 µg/mL). Moreover, significant anti-inflammatory activity was found in the carrageenan-induced rat-paw edema model at a dose of 0.132 mg/kg. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that the developed HPLC method may be used to standardize Acid Uric 3× Tablet and provide scientific evidence of lowering uric acid level.
Bacterial contamination of mobile phones of medical laboratory workers at Sana’a city, Yemen and their antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: Edrees Wadhah Hassan , Al-Awar Mohammed Sadeq
Published: February 2024

Context: Mobile phones of laboratory workers could harbor a variety of potentially pathogenic bacteria that cause nosocomial infection for the patients, self, and family members. Aims: To determine the bacterial contamination on mobile phones belonging to the medical laboratory workers and assessment the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria at Sana’a city, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2020 on 100 laboratory workers’ mobile phones, which were randomly selected by moistened sterile swabs. The data were collected by using a designed questionnaire. The collected samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory at Al-Razi University for bacteria isolation and identification by standard bacteriological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion methods. Results: The results revealed that the overall rate of bacterial contamination on the mobile phone was 70% with one type of pathogenic bacteria (88.6%). Staphylococcus aureus (34.6%) was the most frequently isolated bacteria followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (23.1%), Pseudomonas sp. (20.5%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (15.4%), Enterobacter aergene (2.5%), Escherichia coli (1.3%), Citrobacter intermedites (1.3%), and Citrobacter freundiii (1.3%). The antibiotics susceptibility tests revealed that the highest sensitivity were S. aureus, S. epidermides, and S. saprophyticus against gentamycin, Pseudomonas sp. against kanamycin, E. aergenes against all tested antibiotics, and C. intermedites against gentamycin, vancomycin, and kanamycin. Also, Pseudomonas sp. was highly resistant to cefepime and vancomycin and S. saprophyticus to cefepime. Conclusions: Mobile phones might play a role in the transmission of potentially pathogenic bacteria. It is required to promote personal hygiene and regularly disinfect the mobile phones and hands by alcohol before leaving the lab to minimize the cross-infection to the community and environment.
Investigating the Seroconversion Patterns of Specific Antibodies Against Various Antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients and Vaccinated Individuals
Authors: Matinfar Shahrzad , Mortezagholi Sahar , Amiri Darya , Pashaiefar Hossein , Eskandarian Maryam , Ghadimi Somayeh , Nazari Mohammad Farzad , Tavakoli Shole , Valizadeh Melika , Namaki Saeed , Tabarsi Payam , Boutrabi Mehdi , Shabani Mahdi
Published: February 2024

Background: Inducing a humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 may partially control virus dissemination. However, there is a lack of consistency in the reported kinetics of IgM and IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 may differ from that elicited by vaccination. Therefore, we were motivated to evaluate the kinetics of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in both infected and vaccinated individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the seroconversion patterns of specific antibodies against various antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals, focusing specifically on comparing the humoral responses elicited by infection and vaccination. Methods: Serial blood and swab samples were collected from 134 COVID-19 patients at six time points following admission. Real-time RT-PCR specific for SARS-CoV-2, as well as anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG, were tested using ELISA. Additionally, 141 serum samples were obtained from vaccinated individuals. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD IgGs, along with neutralizing antibodies (NAs), were assessed using ELISA in both the vaccinated group and 96 COVID-19 patients. Results: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM was found positive in 23.3% of patients at 0 - 7 days after symptom onset, with seropositivity increasing to 71.7% at 15 - 21 days. Subsequently, IgM positivity gradually decreased to 62.7% at > 28 days post-symptom onset. Meanwhile, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was positive in 28.3% of patients at 0 -7 days, rising to 83.7% at 22 - 28 days after symptom onset, and remained constant thereafter. Anti-spike and RBD IgGs, along with NAs, were detected in 89.7%, 87.4%, and 87.9% of vaccinated individuals, respectively, and in 37.5%, 32.3%, and 32.3% of COVID-19 patients, respectively. There was a significant correlation between anti-spike IgG and anti-RBD IgG levels and NAs in both COVID-19-infected and vaccinated individuals. The mean concentrations of anti-spike and RBD IgGs were higher in vaccinated individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection compared to those without prior infection. Conclusions: The antibody profile for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 suggests that as time passes after the onset of disease symptoms, the seropositivity in COVID-19 patients increases. Furthermore, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are produced more efficiently through COVID-19 vaccination than natural infection.
A Case Report of Disseminated Nocardiosis in a Patient with HIV Infection: Concurrent Liver, Pulmonary, and Brain Involvements
Authors: Abbasian Ladan , Dehghan Manshadi Seyed Ali , Hassan Nezhad Malihe , Masoumzadeh Niyoosha , Ghaderkhani Sara , Keyvanfar Amirreza , Tehrani Shabnam
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Disseminated nocardiosis is a rare but life-threatening infectious disease that occurs most often in immunocompromised individuals. This report presents a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient with disseminated nocardiosis in the liver, lung, and brain. Case Presentation: A 38-year-old woman who had recently been diagnosed with HIV infection complained of fever, abdominal pain, productive coughs, and occasional headaches from 2 months ago. Imaging findings of her abdomen and lungs displayed evidence of pyogenic liver abscess and lobar pneumonia with abscess formation, respectively. The patient underwent percutaneous liver abscess drainage and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the genome of Nocardia farcinica was detected in the specimens obtained from both procedures. Besides, she had seizures during hospitalization. Based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, the specimen was positive for N. farcinica. Brain imaging also revealed evidence of multiple bacterial abscess formation. She was diagnosed with disseminated nocardiosis and treated with intravenous imipenem, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and amikacin, followed by appropriate oral agents. After a 6-month follow-up, the patient had no symptoms. Additionally, the lesions improved on brain imaging. Conclusions: Patients who are HIV-positive are particularly prone to opportunistic infections. Health care providers should consider all pathogens, even rare ones, like Nocardia spp., to establish a diagnosis if they're present. Furthermore, in cases initially diagnosed with localized nocardiosis, other body organs should also be reviewed so that the disseminated form of the disease can be diagnosed and treated immediately.
Determination of Serum Procalcitonin Level in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Sedghi Reihaneh , Sanaei Dashti Anahita , Esmaeilzadeh Hossein
Published: February 2024

Background: The most frequent cause of coronary artery aneurysm in children is Kawasaki disease (KD). Recently, limited studies on procalcitonin (PCT) were performed to find a biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of children with KD. Objectives: This study aimed to compare serum PCT levels between complete and incomplete KD and testify to the predictive validity of PCT for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and predicting coronary artery lesions (CALs). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Namazi hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. All KD patients admitted to the hospital were included, with parental consent obtained. Kawasaki disease patients were categorized as complete KD (cKD) or incomplete KD (iKD). Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed, and peripheral venous blood was examined for PCT levels and other markers. All patients received IVIG and aspirin as standard treatment. The presence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) was determined based on coronary artery size and morphology. We used Stata software version 14.0 for data analysis. Logistic regression models identified predictive factors for coronary complications. This study determined the optimal PCT cut-off point for predicted coronary complications using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Results: Procalcitonin values in 38 children hospitalized with acute KD ranged from 0.2 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL, with a mean of 2.65 ng/m. There was no correlation of PCT with patients’ age or gender, incomplete KD, or IVIG resistance. The serum PCT concentration was higher in patients with CAL (P = 0.009). The best PCT cut-off value for CAL prediction was 2.5 ng/mL (corresponding sensitivity = 81.8% and specificity = 68.7%), considering CAL prevalence as the studied group. Conclusions: Supplementary research is needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PCT for the diagnosis and prognosis of KD. Procalcitonin might be of value in predicting which children are at increased risk for CALs to intensify therapy.
Association of MIR4435-2HG Expression with TP53 Mutation, Estrogen Receptor Activity, and Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Bayat Marziyeh , Nazem Habibollah , Fazilati Mohammad , Hejazi Hossein , Mahdevar Mohammd , Ghaedi Kamran
Published: February 2024

Background: The roles of many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in breast cancer (BC) are unclear, and the medications that affect them have attracted less attention. Objectives: This study aimed to identify lncRNAs that have the highest association with poor prognosis in BC. Moreover, the relationship between the expression of identified lncRNA and conventional chemotherapy agents was investigated. Methods: The cancer genome atlas data were used to identify lncRNA with the most significant impact on BC survival. The relation of identified lncRNA levels with different subtypes of BC and mutation was assessed. PharmacoGX data and the GEO database were used to evaluate the association of identified lncRNA levels with drug sensitivity and find appropriate medications to reduce its expression, respectively. To assess the effect of the identified drug on the level of lncRNA expression, MCF7, and MDA-MB-468 cell lines were used, and the expression level of target genes was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: The expression level of lncRNA MIR4435-2HG was most associated with the poor survival of BC patients, and its expression level can be related to TP53 mutation and estrogen and progesterone receptors. Increased expression of MIR4435-2HG was observed in cancer samples, and MIR4435-2HG level was correlated with metastasis pathway genes. Drug sensitivity to epirubicin, irinotecan, and lestaurtinib correlated with MIR4435-2HG levels. Furthermore, GEO data showed that the expression level of MIR4435-2HG could decrease under estrogen receptor (ER) activity. Finally, in vitro, results showed that MIR4435-2HG expression declined in response to estradiol as an ER-activating ligand in the MCF7 cell line. Conclusions: The expression of MIR4435-2HG can be a powerful biomarker for poor prognosis in BC. The data also suggested that this lncRNA may play an oncogenic role in metastatic pathways, and ER activity could regulate its expression.
Phoenix dactylifera L. Pollen and Fluvoxamine Maleate Protect PC12 Cells Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress by Involvement of Nrf2 and SIGMAR1 Gene Expression
Authors: Lak Mazaheri Elham , Niknejad Azadeh , Amini Elaheh , Nabiuni Mohammad
Published: February 2024

Background: The association between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has been documented. Besides, there is evidence that antidepressant agents, such as fluvoxamine maleate (Flv), can ameliorate neurotoxicity. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen (DPP) contains various compounds with antioxidant capacity; however, its underlying mechanism of function has not been fully understood. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of DPP and Flv on H2O2-induced oxidative damage and their effects on Nrf2, SIGMAR1, and Bcl2 gene expression in PC12 cells. Methods: First, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay examined the toxicities of DPP, Flv, and H2O2 at various concentrations on the PC12 cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measured the expression of Nrf2, SIGMAR1, and Bcl2 in PC12 cells in the presence or absence of DPP or Flv after 4 h of treatment with 100 μM H2O2. Results: Based on the MTT results, DPP at concentrations of 200 - 1000 µg/mL had no toxic effect on PC12 cells. The IC50 was evaluated at 57.26 μM and 109.5 μM under treatment with Flv and H2O2. Real-time PCR analysis showed a decrease in the expression of Nrf2 and SIGMAR1 in PC12 cells treated with 100 μM H2O2, an indicator of oxidative stress recruitment in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with DPP and Flv (500 µg/mL and 10 µM, respectively) for 24 h resulted in the upregulation of Nrf2 relative to the vehicle control. In addition, pretreatment with DPP increased the level of SIGMAR1 in PC12 cells compared with H2O2-exposed cells. Considering the role of SIGMAR1 in endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress, the SIGMAR1 level should be evaluated at the translational level. Compared to the untreated cells, the expression of Bcl2 decreased in all the experimental cases, and the difference in Bcl2 expression was not significant between the co-treatment experimental cases. Conclusions: Taken together, DPP and Flv have neuroprotective effects against oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells to 500 μg/mL DPP and 10 μM Flv for 24 h protected the morphology and function of PC12 cells under H2O-induced oxidative stress via regulating oxidative stress-involved genes.
Explaining Midwifery Students’ Experience of Their First Attendance in Clinical Skill Centers: A Content Analysis Study
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Khajeali Nasrin , Afshari Poorandokht
Published: February 2024

Background: Learning clinical skills on “real patients” not only endangers patient safety but also raises many ethical concerns. Methods: This is a qualitative study designed and implemented using the content analysis method. The studied population included all midwifery students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences who had recently passed the course: “Introduction to the Principles and Techniques of Patient Care at Clinical Skill Centers (CSC)”. Data were analyzed by conventional content analysis method. Results: Overall, 156 codes were extracted from the research data, which were organized into 9 categories and 28 subcategories after removing or merging similar codes. The midwifery students’ experience of attending CSC was reflected in the form of three main themes (i.e., self-regulation, mentoring, and support management) and nine sub-themes (reinforcing intrinsic motivation in students, building self-confidence in students, mentor as a model, proper formulation and implementation of rules in CSC, training communication skills, the need to apply modern training methods, revising the structure, practice, and schedule of student groups). Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study, it could be concluded that primary education in CSC plays a very important role in reducing the stress of working with patients, professionalism, increasing self-confidence, and teaching clinical skills to students. Of course, achievement of this goal heavily relies on the crucial role of teachers of this course, who act as mentors responsible for planning, organizing, and modeling in addition to teaching.
Effectiveness of Positive Therapy in Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Radmehr Soheila , Jadidi Mohsen , Golestanipour Morteza
Published: February 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common chronic diseases. The role of heart attacks in death and the shortening of life is considered one of the most emotionally and psychologically influential diseases among individuals; therefore, the use of psychological and medical treatments for this group of patients is emphasized. Objectives: The present study sought to assess the effectiveness of positive therapy in emotion regulation and distress tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: The present study used quasi-experimental designs of pre-test and post-test followed up with a control group. The sample of this study included 45 subjects with coronary heart disease who were selected using available sampling in 2023. The distress tolerance questionnaire developed by Sevens and Gaher (2005) and the emotion regulation questionnaire developed by Granfsky et al. (2001) were used to collect the data in this study. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data, and SPSS software (version 26) was used to carry out statistical analyses. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (0.05) in emotion regulation and distress tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease between the experimental and control groups. Conclusions: Positive therapy can be inferred to be an effective intervention method for enhancing emotion regulation and distress tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease.
The Influence Of Fiscal Policy On Economic Growth
Authors: Mas Andini
Published: February 2024

The correlation between fiscal policy and economic growth has garnered significant interest recently. The economic expansion witnessed by various countries in recent decades has led to the emergence of a substantial body of theoretical and empirical literature aimed at elucidating these phenomena. There is a valid argument that can be made regarding the reciprocal relationship between economic growth and fiscal policy. This study examines the research undertaken on fiscal policies and their impact on economic growth. It is important to note that fiscal policy encompasses three main tools: government expenditure, taxation, and debt. Moreover, based on prior research, the correlation between fiscal policy and economic growth is ambiguous and inconsistent, with instances of both positive and negative associations. This study will examine the concept of fiscal policies, economic growth, and the correlation between these two factors based on prior research.
Challenges Faced by Arts Graduates in the Current Job Market: A Sri Lankan Perspective
Authors: Mohamed Hasan Mohamed Majid  , Mohammed Ibrahim Inthisar Banu
Published: February 2024

Unemployment is a major issue for arts graduates in various countries, including Sri Lanka. In 2023, the Labor Force Survey reported an overall unemployment rate of 4.7%, with over 50,000 unemployed graduates, mostly from Arts and social sciences backgrounds in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the Sri Lankan government should develop appropriate policies to reduce unemployment. Consequently, research is needed to identify the factors and challenges faced by arts graduates in unemployment for policymakers. Numerous studies worldwide have explored the factors and challenges of unemployment among this group. The main objective of this study is to identify the challenges faced by arts graduates in the current Job market in Sri Lanka and to identify the causes of unemployment and propose recommendations to them. Quantitative research method was used to achieve the objectives of the study, the primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 120 Arts undergraduates from the South Eastern, Eastern, Peradeniya, and Jaffna Universities. Simultaneously, secondary data were gathered from books, research articles, University Grant Commission report, National Audit Office report, Sri Lanka Labor Force Survey report, and websites. The collected data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel.  The study found that major challenges for Arts graduates include abundant job opportunities in the private sector. However, issues such as the necessary knowledge and skills often lead to prolonged unemployment. Many Arts graduates anticipate government jobs due to the perceived job security and pension benefits in the public sector. Simultaneously, Arts stream graduates who have completed professional courses and internship training are more likely to secure their first jobs immediately after graduation compared to those who haven't undergone such training. Nevertheless, a significant challenge is the limited employment opportunities for Arts graduates, both in the private and public sectors. The study indicates the necessity for substantial structural reforms on both the supply and demand sides to enhance the employability and employment rates of graduates. The government must take a leading role in these reforms to generate more job opportunities for arts graduates, while higher education institutes should initiate significant changes in study programs to cultivate intellectually rich and highly skilled graduates in arts and social sciences.
Integrating Leadership Styles with High-Performance Work Systems: Pathways to Organizational Excellence
Authors: Muhammad Khan
Published: February 2024

The research article explores the nuanced relationship between leadership styles and the effectiveness of High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS) within organizations. HPWS are strategic approaches that integrate various human resource practices—such as selective hiring, comprehensive training, employee involvement, and incentive compensation—to enhance organizational performance. Leadership plays a pivotal role in the successful implementation of HPWS, influencing organizational culture, employee engagement, and the overall effectiveness of these systems. This study delves into how different leadership styles, including transformational, transactional, and servant leadership, influences the deployment and sustainability of HPWS. Through theoretical analysis and examination of empirical studies, the research identifies key challenges in aligning leadership with HPWS, such as resistance to change and cultural misalignments, and proposes strategies to overcome these obstacles. Additionally, real-world case studies illustrate the practical implications of leadership on HPWS outcomes, providing insights into how organizations can harness leadership to enhance the success of HPWS. The findings highlight the importance of strategic leadership development and the need for leaders to embody the values and behaviors that HPWS promote. This study contributes to the understanding of the critical interplay between leadership and HPWS, offering valuable perspectives for researchers, practitioners, and organizational leaders aiming to leverage HPWS for improved performance and competitive advantage.
An Investigation Into the Determinants of Savings and Investment
Authors: Adriel Analyn
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the correlation between savings, investment, and economic growth. An implication of this research is the identification of the input of production that has a greater impact on economic growth. The study used an ARDL model to analyze time series data collected over a period of twenty years. The findings indicate a direct correlation between savings, investment, and economic growth. The study's most notable finding is the confirmation of labor's significant influence on economic growth, surpassing the contribution of capital.
Advancing Towards a Sustainable Future: A Systematic Review of Sustainable Net Zero Economy Implementation Studies
Authors: Vijay Vihas , A.S. Sathish
Published: February 2024

This systematic review, adhering to the PRISMA framework, critically analyses 22 peer-reviewed articles from the Scopus database, focusing on Sustainable Net Zero Economy Implementation (SNZEI). Spanning publications from 2017 to 2023, this study encapsulates the evolving landscape of SNZEI research, highlighting its interdisciplinary nature and diverse methodological approaches. The findings reveal a strong emphasis on practical applications across energy, transportation, and urban planning sectors, underpinned by robust theoretical frameworks such as risk assessment, technology adoption, and educational theories. A significant gap is identified in research from developing economies, suggesting an avenue for further exploration, particularly in high-impact industries like pharmaceuticals. The review advocates for global collaboration and interdisciplinary strategies to transition towards sustainable net-zero economies, providing insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. They offer actionable insights and recommendations, stressing the need for comprehensive policy analysis and technological innovation. This review not only provides a current snapshot of SNZEI research but also charts a course for future studies, underscoring the need for global collaboration and interdisciplinary strategies to effectively transition towards sustainable, net-zero economies. These insights are pivotal for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders in their collective efforts to address climate change and promote environmental sustainability.
Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics of Resected Thoracic Mass Lesions in the Pediatric Population: A 25-Year Institutional Experience From a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Villalba Julian A. , Terra Simone BSP , Pitel Beth , Knight Shannon M. , Kipp Benjamin R. , Boland Jennifer M.
Published: February 2024

Context.—

Primary thoracic neoplasms are rare in children, whereas nonneoplastic mass lesions or cysts and metastases are more common, and there is a relative paucity of comprehensive histopathologic and molecular data.

Objective.—

To define the clinicopathologic spectrum of neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases observed in resected mass lesions in the chest of pediatric patients, and to identify somatic alterations observed in primary neoplasms.

Design.—

Clinicopathologic features of thoracic mass lesions (n = 385) resected from 373 patients aged ≤21 years in a 25-year period (1993–2018) were included. Primary neoplasms having sufficient material were tested by a laboratory-developed comprehensive genomic profiling assay that assesses tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, somatic sequence variants, gene amplifications, fusions, and specific transcript variants.

Results.—

The most commonly resected space-occupying lesions were nonneoplastic mass lesions and cysts or malformations, resected in 117 (31.4%) and 58 of 373 patients (15.5%) respectively. Metastatic neoplasms were observed in 169 of 373 patients (45.3%; mean age 14.4 years, range 1–21 years); the most common was osteosarcoma (68 of 169; 40.2% of metastases). Primary lung neoplasms occurred in 24 of 373 patients (6.4%; mean age 14.5 years, range 6 months–21 years), and 16 patients had primary extrapulmonary thoracic tumors. Carcinoid tumor was the most common primary lung neoplasm (7 typical, 3 atypical). Molecular testing showed a prevalence of somatic pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations and copy-number alterations. No fusions or splice variants were identified. Tumors were microsatellite-stable with low tumor mutational burden.

Conclusions.—

Resected pediatric thoracic mass lesions are more likely to be metastatic lesions, congenital cysts or malformations, or nonneoplastic lesions compared to primary thoracic neoplasms, which are encountered at a low frequency and tend to have relatively simple genetic profiles.
O ensino de geografia e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular do Ensino Médio (BNCC): um estudo de caso na cidade de Marmeleiro/PR
Authors: Zarpellon Andrieli Kauana da Rosa , Bernardes Fernando Frederico
Published: February 2024

O presente trabalho é um estudo de caso em dois colégios estaduais da cidade de Marmeleiro/PR:Colégio Estadual de Marmeleiro – EFM e o Colégio Estadual Telmo Octávio Müller – EFN. O artigo buscacompreender como está ocorrendo a implementação do Novo Ensino Médio em conformidade ou não(sua implementação), com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) – ênfase no Ensino de Geografia– relacionando, também, com os itinerários formativos e projetos de vida que a BNCC do Ensino Médioapresenta, desde 2019. A materialização deste trabalho aponta preocupações de como será o futuroda disciplina de Geografia e como o Ensino Médio está mudando o seu caráter, cada dia mais tecnicista.Pensando nisso buscou-se compreender o Ensino de Geografia no Ensino Médio, a partir da análiseda BNCC do Ensino Médio e de outros documentos norteadores (DCE-PR/2008; LDB/1996), revisão dosteóricos da Educação e do Ensino de Geografia (Arroyo, 2013; Cavalcanti, 2012; Bernardes E Francischett,2021; Callai, 2001; Japiassu, 1995; Moura E Oliveira, 2020; Saviani, 2008; Straforini, 2004; Tébar, 2011). E,por último, a exploração ou diagnóstico das entrevistas com professores de Geografia que trabalhamcom os anos finais da Educação Básica, nas únicas duas escolas que ofertam este nível de ensino nacidade, indicando sérios problemas na execução ou implementação do Novo Ensino Médio.
Urbanização e desenvolvimento sustentável: um panorama dos estados brasileiros
Authors: Aguiar Paulo César Bahia de , Passos Helga Dulce Bispo , Pires Mônica de Moura , Gomes Andréa da Silva
Published: February 2024

A relação entre urbanização e Desenvolvimento Sustentável Local (DSL), sobretudo em países em desenvolvimento, constitui-se em uma situação complexa, cuja compreensão requer a análise de um conjunto de fatores e variáveis. Este artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar a relação entre urbanização e desenvolvimento sustentável local nos estados brasileiros. Para tanto, um conjunto de variáveis-chave foi levado em consideração, a exemplo de variáveis sociais, econômicas, político-institucionais e ambientais, cujos dados foram coletados em diferentes bases de dados oficiais em nível dos municípios brasileiros, mas cuja representação e análise se deram em nível das unidades da federação, para caracterizar o DSL e sua relação com a urbanização. Os resultados confirmam estados do Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste como os mais urbanizados e que apresentam melhores oportunidades econômicas e condições de vida, devido às economias de aglomeração, mas também com desafios ambientais e de segurança pública. Conclui-se que há relação positiva entre DSL e urbanização, embora em contexto de elevada desigualdade.
A zona deprimida do Contestado e a ausência de espaços de lazer em pequenas cidades
Authors: Vercezi Jaqueline Telma , Endlich Angela Maria
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho teve o cunho exploratório e qualitativo, possibilitando reflexões sobre a realidade dos municípios de Calmon, Irani, Lebon Régis, Matos Costa, e Timbó Grande, no estado de Santa Catarina, Municípios onde ocorreu a Guerra do Contestado. Evidenciou-se o esfacelamento da identidade do povo caboclo que ali viveu e que, hoje, arrastam a ausência do reconhecimento e do pertencimento daquela terra. A Guerra do Contestado expressou um profícuo jogo de interesses, gerando uma população descontente e relegada às incursões dos que detinham o poder. Esses municípios conquistaram autonomia política, mas devido às políticas públicas vinculadas à gestão municipal, nem todos contemplam estímulos para reter a população e gerar dinâmica econômica. Boa parte dos municípios apresenta uma economia retraída e vinculada ao setor primário da economia. A pequena expressividade contemplada no setor terciário está vinculada aos pequenos estabelecimentos locais e a prestação de serviços em órgãos públicos, reafirmando o bolsão de pobreza existente no centro-oeste catarinense. São destacados ainda, os parcos investimentos em equipamentos de lazer, na grande maioria, pela iniciativa privada, onde o espaço público passa a dispor de equipamentos de péssima qualidade ou são inexistentes. A maior parte dos municípios do Contestado favorece o enclausuramento da população, justamente por não terem possibilidades de lazer em logradouros públicos, induzindo o consumo do seu tempo de ócio em suas próprias residências, quando muito uma vez por semana em eventos religiosos como missas e cultos ou oportunamente bailes, ou até mesmo jogando a famosa “pelada” em terrenos baldios com campos de futebol improvisados.
A produção do território epistemológico camponês e a interculturalidade da pedagogia de casas familiares rurais do Brasil e de Portugal
Authors: Zimermann Angelita , Meurer Ane Carine , Guilherme Maria Manuela Duarte
Published: February 2024

As Casas Familiares Rurais e a Pedagogia da Alternância têm produzido um conhecimento que articula a ancestralidade camponesa e os conhecimentos sistematizados historicamente em um processo territorial emancipatório. Desde a origem, em 1935, a conexão escola-comunidade favorece a permanência dos jovens no campo em relações político-sociais que integram uma práxis transformadora. Este artigo objetiva dar visibilidade à vida de egressos da Escola de Ensino Médio Casa Familiar Rural Três Vendas (Brasil) e da Casa Escola Agrícola Campo Verde (Portugal), na ecologia de saberes dessas Epistemologias do Sul. A pesquisa qualitativa utilizou-se de entrevistas, vivências e observações, e identificou a apropriação do espaço que reconhece, valida e formaliza o conhecimento da resistência ao agronegócio. Na interculturalidade do território epistemológico camponês, essas escolas são uma alternativa de educação e emancipação do camponês.
Geografia da fome e (in)segurança alimentar no Brasil: reflexão a partir de Josué de Castro e o inquérito VIGISAN
Authors: Vargas Rosane Marizeti  Brum , Faria Rivaldo Mauro de , Spode Pedro Leonardo Cezar , Moraes Liliane Milani de
Published: February 2024

Este estudo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a fome no Brasil no período recente. Objetiva-se estabelecer uma reflexão sobre o processo da fome no Brasil, a partir da obra “A Geografia da Fome” de Josué de Castro, publicada em 1946 e do Inquérito Nacional sobre Insegurança Alimentar no Contexto da Pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil, (VIGISAN) da rede PENSSAN, que traça um panorama da problemática da fome no Brasil no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. A metodologia utilizada é baseada na revisão narrativa de literatura e no levantamento dos dados dos inquéritos VIGISAN, produzidos pela REDE PENSSAN nos anos de 2021 e 2022.  Pode-se concluir que a fome, enquanto dimensão extrema da pobreza, é um problema histórico, estreitamente relacionado com o processo de formação do território brasileiro. Desse modo, a obra de Josué de Castro exprime, ainda na década de 1940, as desigualdades socioespaciais brasileiras a partir da análise da fome, problema social insistentemente ainda presente no Brasil, como atestam os recentes inquéritos VIGISAN.
Falling Short or Following Through? COP 28 Outcomes for Africa
Authors: Mbungu Grace , Ogallo Edith
Published: February 2024

Keen to understand how COP 28 performed for African countries? This short analysis unpacks COP 28, and provides a nuanced analysis on what the outcomes mean for climate policy and action in Africa.
Legal Protection For Consumers In Electronic Transactions
Authors: Lambi Manuel , Siswani Carina Budi
Published: February 2024

The development of e-commerce transactions also provides opportunities and challenges for consumers. The opportunity for consumers is that they can easily and quickly get the goods or services they need. However, the challenge for consumers is the risk of fraud or violation of consumer rights in e-commerce transactions. The aim of this research is to determine legal protection regulations and their implementation for consumers in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. This research uses legal research methods with a normative juridical approach. The data collection technique in this research is literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed qualitatively by understanding and interpreting the data in depth. The research results show that aspects of legal protection for consumers in buying and selling transactions via electronic media are regulated in several laws, namely Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade, and Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Changes. Implementation of this Law is carried out through several steps, including the establishment of special regulations detailing consumer rights and obligations in electronic transactions. Apart from that, implementation also involves active law enforcement to deal with violations of consumer protection provisions as well as efforts to increase consumer awareness through various education and information programs.