bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Graphic Perception Education for Young Children Based on Fuzzy Clustering Analysis
Authors: Gui Jie , Suh Joohyun
Published: June 2022

Geometric ability includes elements of identification, conceptualization, combination, drawing, and reasoning, and graphic perception is an important part of it. Kindergarten science education includes geometry instruction. Children are guided to perceive the relationship between shapes and figures through direct perception, first-hand experience, and practical operation through concentrated educational activities, and form image-concrete thinking over time, enhancing their perception and experience of the relationship between shapes in the objective world, and accumulating certain mathematical perceptual experience. Clustering is a branch of unsupervised pattern recognition that is very useful. Fuzzy clustering, which establishes the uncertainty description of samples to categories and can objectively reflect the real world, has become the mainstream of cluster analysis research. The graphics perception education of children is investigated using fuzzy clustering analysis. The main topic of this paper is how to apply children’s graphics to the design of children’s educational institutions and open up new creative perspectives for the design of children’s educational institutions. The method of graphic perception education: perception education for preschool children is proposed based on the multichannel characteristics of preschool children’s aesthetic perception and with reference to the theory of perception. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm reduces segmentation time by 171.48 s when compared to the traditional FCM algorithm for both noisy and high-quality images and that it is significantly faster than the FCM algorithm in terms of segmentation speed. As a result, the model construction of a set of children’s graphic perception education for the cognitive characteristics of the age group children can provide corresponding references and references for related topic research.
Bioactive Components and Potential Mechanism Prediction of Kui Jie Kang against Ulcerative Colitis via Systematic Pharmacology and UPLC-QE-MS Analysis
Authors: He Jinbiao , Wan Chunping , Li Xiaosi , Zhang Zishu , Yang Yu , Wang Huaning , Qi Yan
Published: June 2022

Kui Jie Kang (KJK)—a traditional Chinese medicine—has demonstrated clinical therapeutic efficacy against ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the active compounds and their underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully characterized. Therefore, the current study sought to identify the volatile compounds in KJK responsible for eliciting the therapeutic effect against UC, while also analyzing key targets and potential mechanisms. To this end, systematic network pharmacology analysis was employed to obtain UC targets by using GeneCards, DisGeNET, OMIM, among others. A total of 145 candidate ingredients, 412 potential targets of KJK (12 herbs), and 1605 UC targets were identified. Of these KJK and UC targets, 205 intersected and further identified AKT1, JUN, MAPK, ESR, and TNF as the core targets and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as the top enriched pathway. Moreover, molecular docking and ultra-performance liquid chromatography Q Exactive-mass spectrometry analysis identified quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, wogonin, and nobiletin as the core effective compounds of KJK. In vivo murine studies revealed that KJK exposure increases the body weight and colon length, while reducing colonic epithelial injury, and the expression of inflammatory factors in colitis tissues such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Furthermore, KJK treatment downregulates the expression of pi3k and akt genes, as well as p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT proteins. Collectively, these findings describe the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of KJK in UC and highlight KJK as a potentially valuable therapeutic option for UC via modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus providing a theoretical reference for the broader application of KJK in the clinical management of UC.
Motion Attitude Prediction Algorithm Based on Data Mining and Intelligent Motion Training Model Construction
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Zhong Meilan
Published: June 2022

Data mining refers to the process of obtaining information from a huge amount of data through algorithms, which provides reception support for people to apply data from simple problems to extracting and discovering knowledge in data. This study examines traditional data mining methods and their applications in order to increase the timeliness and usability of data extraction algorithms. Through data mining and recognition of motion gestures, the most accurate algorithm data are given. This study begins by looking at data mining classification methods and associated algorithms. Then, using a neural network, a motion attitude prediction is created and the neural network is used to test the algorithm. The experimental results show that the single-stage neural network and the bipolar neural network can achieve an average accuracy of 87.9%, while for the WTO model, it can achieve an average accuracy of 95.7%.
Effects of Enhanced Recovery Rehabilitation Surgery Concepts on the Surgical Process, Postoperative Pain, Complications, and Prognosis of Discectomy in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Weiming , Wang Yajian , Zhao Yu
Published: June 2022

Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) disease degree on lumbar discectomy and to explore the relationship between the degree of intervertebral disc disease and postoperative pain score changes. Methods. We conducted a comprehensive search in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane database, and other databases, obtained all relevant studies as of April 2017, and then followed strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Standard screening was performed on the retrieved literature. We extract and analyze key data using Review Manager 5.3 software. Pooled effects were calculated by mean difference or odds ratio and 95% confidence interval analysis, depending on data attributes. Results. Various databases were searched for the results of papers from lumbar discectomy since April 2017 to April 2022. Nine papers from 2502 patients were selected. The average overall follow-up was 52 weeks. There were statistically significant reductions in postoperative pain scores and degree of disc disease. There was a significant correlation between the reduction in pain score after discectomy and the degree of disc disease (

r
=
0.73

,

95
%
CI
=
0.01

-1.20,

p
=
0.005

). Conclusions. Decreased disc disease grade is one of the reasons for the lower back pain score after discectomy. Furthermore, region-dependent economic factors must be considered before developing a treatment strategy. Larger, well-defined randomized controlled trials are needed to further confirm these results.
PD-L1 Crosslinking as a New Strategy of 4-1BB Agonism Immunotherapy
Authors: Shu Fei , Punekar Salman R. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Wang Jun
Published: June 2022

4-1BB has been considered a promising target in cancer immunotherapy for decades. Nevertheless, early 4-1BB–targeted agents demonstrated significant liver immuno-toxicity. A new wave of 4-1BB–based therapy is being developed to circumvent hepatotoxicity with a bispecific molecule that directs 4-1BB agonism to the tumor microenvironment by targeting tumor-associated immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1.

See related article by Peper-Gabriel et al., p. 3387
Omission of Upfront Craniospinal Irradiation in Patients with Low-Risk WNT-Pathway Medulloblastoma Is Associated with Unacceptably High Risk of Neuraxial Failure
Authors: Gupta Tejpal , Pervez Shizan , Dasgupta Archya , Chatterjee Abhishek , Epari Sridhar , Chinnaswamy Girish , Jalali Rakesh
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

Medulloblastoma is a heterogenous disease comprising four molecular subgroups: wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), group 3, and group 4, respectively. Excellent long-term outcomes have prompted deintensification of therapy in WNT-pathway medulloblastoma. We assessed the safety of avoiding upfront craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in children with low-risk WNT-pathway medulloblastoma.

Patients and Methods:

Children with low-risk WNT-pathway medulloblastoma were treated with postoperative focal conformal radiotherapy, avoiding upfront CSI, followed by six cycles of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. A group-sequential design (triangular test) with predefined stopping rules if the rate of relapse exceeded 15% at 2 years was incorporated to ensure the safety of study participants.

Results:

7 children with low-risk WNT-pathway medulloblastoma were accrued after written informed consent/assent and treated as per protocol. One child died of neutropenic sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction during chemotherapy. Three children were detected with neuraxial failure (supratentorial brain and/or spine) on surveillance neuro-imaging within 2 years from index diagnosis, leading to premature study termination. At relapse, children were treated with salvage CSI plus boost irradiation of metastatic deposits followed by second-line chemotherapy. Two of them continue to be in remission (32 and 26 months after first relapse), while one child developed a second relapse, necessitating further systemic chemotherapy and craniospinal reirradiation, resulting in excellent clinico-radiologic response. At a median follow-up of 42 months, the 2-year Kaplan–Meier estimates of event-free survival, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were 42.9%, 50%, and 85.7% respectively.

Conclusions:

Omission of upfront CSI in low-risk WNT-pathway medulloblastoma is associated with an unacceptably high risk of neuraxial failure.

See related commentary by Remke and Ramaswamy, p. 4161
West Nile Virus in Germany: An Emerging Infection and Its Relevance for Transfusion Safety
Authors: Frank Christina , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Ziegler Ute , Lachmann Raskit , Preußel Karina , Offergeld Ruth
Published: June 2022

West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus). It circulates in an enzootic cycle between ornithophilic mosquitoes as vectors and reservoirs and avian host species for amplification, but humans can be infected as accidental hosts. In most individuals, WNV infection remains silent, while 20% develop mild symptoms of West Nile fever, and only 1% develop neuroinvasive disease (WNND). Human WNV cases have been identified in Southern and Eastern Europe for more than 20 years, but until 2018, Germany was considered to be a non-endemic country. This changed when in the exceptionally warm summer of 2018, conditions for viral replication in mosquitoes were ideal, and the first WNV cases among birds and horses were identified. The widespread domestic Culexmosquitoes are efficient vectors for WNV. Autochthonous mosquito-borne WNV infections in humans were reported in all following years, indicating a continuous circulation in the affected areas of Central-East Germany. So far, no clear expansion of the affected areas is discernible but may develop. WNV is a transfusion-transmissible-infection, and donor deferral or testing of donations after a stay in an affected area are effective means to ensure transfusion safety. WNV transmissions via blood products often result in WNND due to the predisposing underlying medical conditions of transfusion recipients. From 2020 onwards, roughly 80% of all blood establishments in Germany tested their donations for WNV using nucleic acid amplification techniques in the transmission season. Altogether, 19 confirmed WNV infections were identified from 2020–2021. As long as effective and affordable pathogen reduction is not available for all blood components, WNV testing or donor deferral will be essential. In order to timely identify affected areas, combined results of human and veterinary surveillance are needed. Partnerships between public health experts, transfusion medicine specialists, veterinarians, and entomologists should be strengthened to ensure a One Health approach.
Identification and Verification of Ubiquitin D as a Gene Associated with Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Huanqin , Liu Shumin , Lin Yun , Shi Xiongfei , Du Na , Yao Jing , Liu Ruiyang , Du Yan , Yang Kai
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Accumulated studies have suggested that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the leading causes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of HCV on the occurrence of HCC are still poorly understood. Methods: HCV infection datasets (GSE82177 and GSE17856) and HCC datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma and GSE89377) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus or TCGA for analysis. The common differentially expressed genes in the above four datasets were identified by R software. The expression of ubiquitin D (UBD) in HCV-infected HepG2 cells was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The interaction between NS3 and p53 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. The influence of UBD on the proliferation and migration ability of HepG2 cells was evaluated by CCK-8 and wound healing assay, respectively. Results: UBD was upregulated in both HCV-infected samples and HCC samples. HCV NS3 interacted with p53 and inhibited its expression. HCV NS3-induced UBD promoted the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that HCV NS3-induced UBD is positively correlated with the development of HCV-related HCC during HCV infection. Targeting UBD could be a potential strategy for preventing and treating HCV-induced HCC.
Transvaginal versus Port-Site Specimen Retrieval after Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Laganà Antonio Simone , Vitagliano Amerigo , Casarin Jvan , Garzon Simone , Uccella Stefano , Franchi Massimo , Cromi Antonella , Ghezzi Fabio
Published: June 2022

Introduction: To date, there is no robust evidence suggesting whether transvaginal retrieval (TVSR) or port-site specimen retrieval (PSSR) after laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) may lead to better surgical outcomes. Considering this element, we aimed to compare surgical outcomes of TVSR versus PSSR after LM. Methods: A search (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020176490) of international databases, from 1980 to 2020, in English language, was conducted. We selected studies that included women who underwent LM with TVSR compared with PSSR. Results: We did not find significant differences for operative time (MD = −8.90; 95% CI: 30.00, 12.20; I2 = 87%), myoma retrieval time (MD = −1.85; 95% CI: 13.55, 9.85; I2 = 98%), blood loss (MD = −27.62; 95% CI: 178.68, 124.43; I2 = 91%), intra-operative complication rate (OR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.01–23.09; I2 = 69%), and hospital stay (MD = −0.14; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.15; I2 = 64%); we found a significant lower postoperative rescue analgesics utilization in the TVSR group compared with the PSSR group (OR 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16–0.61; I2 = 0). Conclusion: TVSR and PSSR after LM showed comparable results for operative time and surgery-related complications. However, the need of postoperative rescue analgesics was lower in women who underwent TVSR.
Prevalence of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Newborns
Authors: Børresen Marie F. , Blixenkrone-Møller Elisabeth , Kock Thilde O. , Sillesen Anne-Sophie , Vøgg R. Ottilia B. , Pihl Christian A. , Norsk Jakob B. , Vejlstrup Niels G. , Christensen Alex H. , Iversen Kasper K. , Bundgaard Henning , Axelsson Raja Anna
Published: June 2022

Background:

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is characterized by excessive trabeculations of the LV and may be associated with reduced systolic function or severe adverse outcomes. Several aspects remain to be elucidated; there is controversy to whether LVNC cardiomyopathy is a distinct cardiomyopathy caused by failure of the spongy fetal myocardium to condense during fetal development or acquired later in life as a morphological trait associated with other types of cardiomyopathy; the prevalence in unselected populations is unknown and the distinction between normal variation and pathology remains to be defined. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of LVNC and the association to LV systolic function in a large, population-based cohort of neonates. In addition, we assessed the normal ratio of noncompact to compact (NC:C) myocardium in 150 healthy neonates.

Methods:

Echocardiographic data were prospectively collected in the population study Copenhagen Baby Heart Study. The ratio of NC:C was measured in 12 ventricular segments. LVNC was defined as NC:C ≥2 in at least one segment. Neonates with LVNC were matched 1:10 to controls on sex, gestational age, and weight and age at the examination day.

Results:

In total, 25 590 neonates (52% males, median age 11 [interquartile range, 7–15] days) underwent echocardiography. Among 21 133 with satisfactory visualization of ventricular segments, we identified a prevalence of LVNC of 0.076% (95% CI, 0.047–0.123). LV ejection fraction was lower in neonates with LVNC compared with matched controls (median 49.5 versus 59.0%;
P
<0.0001). In neonates with otherwise healthy hearts, the median NC:C ratio ranged from 0.0 to 0.7 and the 99th percentiles from 1.0 to 1.9 for each of the 12 segments.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of LVNC based on neonatal echocardiography was 0.076%. LVNC was associated with lower LV systolic function. The findings in normal newborns support the cutoff NC:C ≥2 as an appropriate diagnostic criterion.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02753348.
‘They Class Me as a Child because I’m 15. But They Don’t Want Me at the Kid’s Club’: Towards Rights Respecting Refuges for Teenagers
Authors: Bracewell Kelly , Larkins Cath , Stanley Nicky
Published: June 2022

Teenagers participating in a series of interviews over the course of their stay in domestic violence refuges described difficulties associated with the constraints of refuge life. Twenty young people reported experiences that connect to and challenge UN Convention on the Rights of the Child provisions and provide guidance on how refuges might strengthen their response and meet obligations to respect, protect and promote teenagers’ rights. Recognition of teenage refuge experience is needed, alongside the provision of space, independence and privacy; support to recover from domestic violence and abuse; involvement in leisure activities; educational support; access to computers and online information; and increased opportunities for individual and collective decision making. The findings contribute to growing evidence that policy makers and other duty bearers need to develop adequate resourcing, attitudinal change, practice guidance, dedicated support, active engagement and participation, and collaborative work between agencies. Implementation strategies are also discussed.
Russula hainanensis (Russulaceae, Russulales), a new species from tropical China
Authors: HAN YUN-XIAO , LIANG ZHI-QUN , JIANG SHUAI , ZENG NIAN-KAI
Published: June 2022

Russula hainanensis (Russulaceae, Russulales), a member of Russula subgenus Heterophyllidia section Ingratae, from Hainan, tropical China, is described as new based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. An illustrated morphological description as well as comparisons with related species are presented.
Scytinopogon cryptomerioides (Hydnodontaceae), a new species from Taiwan
Authors: LIN WAN-ROU , WANG PI-HAN , HSIEH SUNG-YUAN
Published: June 2022

Scytinopogon cryptomerioides (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota) is described as a new species collected from Cryptomeria japonica plantations in Taiwan. This new species is characterized by a white basidiome with dichotomous and flattened branches, clamped hypha, ampullate septa, clavate basidia with four sterigmata, and colorless, ellipsoid, echinulate or verrucose spores with acute warts or spines. Based on the phylogeny constructed from a combined dataset of ITS-nrLSU sequences, S. cryptomerioides nested within the Trechispora clade, sister to Trechispora copiosa.
A new Peruvian species of Epidendrum (Laeliinae: Orchidaceae) belonging to the Epidendrum incomptum group
Authors: DAMIÁN ALEXANDER , HÁGSATER ERIC , MITIDIERI NICOLE
Published: June 2022

A new species of Epidendrum from the northern Peruvian department of Amazonas belonging to the Incomptum group is described and illustrated. Epidendrum olorteguii is similar to E. tamaense but is easily distinguished by having the flowers green to yellow or rarely ivory white, the sepals lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, the petals narrowly elliptic, acuminate, and the lip trilobed, with lateral lobes prominent, transversely sub-rectangular, basal corners narrowly rounded, distal corner widely rounded and the mid-lobe with two obliquely triangular lobes, the sides involute, the apex with a short, thickened, narrowly triangular, reflexed apiculus. Information on its distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status are provided. On the other hand, E. olorteguii is also compared with three morphologically similar species, E. incomptum, E. tamaense and E. ornis.
Dynamics of Two Distinct Subseasonal Growth Mechanisms of the North Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Sung Mi-Kyung , Son Seok-Woo , Yoo Changhyun , Hwang Jaeyoung , An Soon-Il
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the growth mechanisms of the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), one of the primary causes of winter temperature extremes at midlatitudes. We find that the NPO has two distinct origins. One is the Rossby wave propagating across Eurasia that strengthens during cold or warm surges over East Asia. The corresponding vorticity and thermal anomalies grow into the NPO as they move eastward. The other is a local disturbance at the Asian Pacific jet stream exit that amplifies when propagating westward. The dynamical processes behind these two types of NPO growth are investigated by conducting quasigeostrophic geopotential tendency budget analysis, focusing on the relative importance of the vorticity flux and differential heat flux. It is revealed that the contribution of high-frequency eddies is greater in the NPO that grows from a local disturbance. However, NPO growth in both cases is primarily steered by low-frequency vorticity flux, which facilitates eastward or westward propagation through relative or planetary vorticity advections, respectively. Differential heat flux promotes the growth of the NPO before the onset, but dissipates the NPO anomalies afterward. The net effect of the heat flux, however, allows the NPO to amplify and persist through baroclinic instability by constraining the NPO anomalies to have westward vertical tilt. Accordingly, the NPO grows conforming to the dissipative destabilizing mechanism. From the perspective of potential vorticity (PV), the eastward growth of the NPO originates from the downstream advection of PV anomalies accumulated over East Asia, while westward growth is favored by a strong PV gradient near the jet stream.

Significance Statement

This study examines the origins and growth mechanism of the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), which causes cold or warm spells in the midlatitudes during winter. Two distinct origins of the NPO are found, which are abnormal temperature events over East Asia and local atmospheric disturbances at the Asian Pacific jet stream exit. Evolutions of the NPO are traced by analyzing the roles of the vorticity and heat fluxes in addition to the contributions of synoptic eddies, which turns out to be more significant for the NPO that grows from a local disturbance. Vorticity flux overall dominates the growth of the NPO, but heat flux also helps the NPO amplify owing to background instability.
Evaluating Bias-Correction Methods for Seasonal Dynamical Precipitation Forecasts
Authors: Golian Saeed , Murphy Conor
Published: June 2022

Seasonal forecasting of climatological variables is important for water and climatic-related decision-making. Dynamical models provide seasonal forecasts up to one year in advance, but direct outputs from these models need to be bias-corrected prior to application by end users. Here, five bias-correction methods are applied to precipitation hindcasts from ECMWF’s fifth generation seasonal forecast system (SEAS5). We apply each method in two distinct ways; first to the ensemble mean and second to individual ensemble members, before deriving an ensemble mean. The performance of bias-correction methods in both schemes is assessed relative to the simple average of raw ensemble members as a benchmark. Results show that in general, bias correction of individual ensemble members before deriving an ensemble mean (scheme 2) is most skillful for more frequent precipitation values while bias correction of the ensemble mean (scheme 1) performed better for extreme high and low precipitation values. Irrespective of application scheme, all bias-correction methods improved precipitation hindcasts compared to the benchmark method for lead times up to 6 months, with the best performance obtained at one month lead time in winter.
A Neuropsychological Profile of Developmental Dyscalculia: The Role of Comorbidity
Authors: Luoni Chiara , Scorza Maristella , Stefanelli Silvia , Fagiolini Barbara , Termine Cristiano
Published: June 2022

Developmental dyscalculia (DD) has long been thought to be determined by multiple components. Dyscalculia has high comorbidity with other learning and developmental disabilities, including reading and writing disorders, attention deficits, and problems in visual/spatial skills, short memory, and working memory. This study aims to assess prevalence rates for isolated as well as comorbid DD in a sample of Italian-speaking children. In addition, we studied the neuropsychological profile of children with isolated or combined dyscalculia. We tested 380 children (176 males and 204 females) between the ages of 8.17 and 9.33 years using an extensive battery to determine the neuropsychological profile. The assessment included an arithmetic battery and nonverbal intelligence, short-term memory, reading, and writing tests. The results indicated that children with DD more frequently have a reading disorder and writing disorder. They also have a lower nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) and obtain significantly lower scores in short-term memory tests and on a visuospatial skills questionnaire. They also had significantly higher scores (indicative of greater attentional difficulties) on the Conners subscale for attentional problems. Children with DD present different cognitive and neuropsychological profiles.
Perceiving Body Height From Connected Speech: Higher Fundamental Frequency Is Associated With the Speaker’s Height
Authors: González-Alvarez Julio , Sos-Peña Rosa
Published: June 2022

To a certain degree, human listeners can perceive a speaker’s body size from their voice. The speaker’s voice pitch or fundamental frequency (Fo) and the vocal formant frequencies are the voice parameters that have been most intensively studied in past body size perception research (particularly for body height). Artificially lowering the Fo of isolated vowels from male speakers improved listeners’ accuracy of binary (i.e., tall vs not tall) body height perceptions. This has been explained by the theory that a denser harmonic spectrum provided by a low pitch improved the perceptual resolution of formants that aid formant-based size assessments. In the present study, we extended this research using connected speech (i.e., words and sentences) pronounced by speakers of both sexes. Unexpectedly, we found that raising Fo, not lowering it, increased the participants’ perceptual performance in two binary discrimination tasks of body size. We explain our new finding in the temporal domain by the dynamic and time-varying acoustic properties of connected speech. Increased Fo might increase the sampling density of sound wave acoustic cycles and provide more detailed information, such as higher resolution, on the envelope shape.
Multi-UAV cooperative reconnaissance mission planning novel method under multi-radar detection
Authors: Shi Yongjian , Liu Yanfei , Ju Bingchen , Wang Zhong , Du Xingceng
Published: June 2022

Past swarm intelligence algorithms for solving UAV path planning problems have suffered from slow convergence, lack of complex constraints and guidance for local optimisation. It no longer meets the requirements of the Multi-UAV Cooperative Reconnaissance Mission Planning (MUCRMP) problem in the context of multi-radar detection. In this paper, a global optimisation model with the objective of a shorter distance within radar detection range of the UAV is proposed at first, including the planning of reconnaissance sequence between and within target groups, relative position to targets. More importantly, the imaging characteristics of the UAV and its minimum turning radius have been considered in depth in this study. Then an improved synthetic heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the model, which obtains valuable reconnaissance mission plan. Finally, an example solution for a problem with 68 target point sizes is carried out, and the validity and feasibility of the model and algorithm are illustrated through the analysis given. Compared with the existing algorithms, the improved synthetic heuristic algorithm can give better anti-radar attributes to the UAV and efficiently improved the convergence speed in the specific reconnaissance mission.
Race-gender D/Discourses in Mathematics Education: (Re)-Producing Inequitable Participation Patterns Across a Diverse, Instructionally-Advanced Urban District
Authors: Reinholz Daniel L. , Wilhelm Anne G.
Published: June 2022

This paper uses quantitative analytics to study talk-based participation in 100 mathematics classrooms across one racially diverse urban school district in the USA. Using the EQUIP observation tool and hierarchical linear modeling, we characterize the quantity and quality of participation for students across 3025 coded turns, by race and gender. We found that in general, boys participated significantly more than girls. We also found that Latinx and Asian/Pacific Islander students had significantly fewer turns than Black and White students. To interpret these findings in context, we analyzed interviews from 29 district leaders using a poststructural framework organized around D/discourse.
Addressing the Modern Regimes of Urban Spectacle: Revisiting the Ottoman General Exhibition of 1863 in Istanbul
Authors: Tozoglu Ahmet Erdem
Published: June 2022

One of the most spectacular events of the Ottoman experience of modernity was the inauguration of the Ottoman General Exposition in Istanbul in 1863. The ancient Hippodrome, which is one of the most prominent venues of the city and the setting of memorable celebrations and festivals for centuries, hosted the event and provided the visitors with the opportunity to become part of the modern regimes of gaze and spectacle. This article posits three observer roles to reveal the multilayered structure of urban spectacle in mid-century Istanbul, namely the sultanic gaze, spectacle of the ordinary citizens, and the mediated experience of the foreigner. To understand the particularities of each position, I utilize several visual and textual documents about the exhibition event. Though just a single case in Ottoman urban history, the exposition enables us to understand how the new manner of modern urban spectacle emerged during a spectacular public event in Istanbul.
Connection Heals Wounds: Feeling Listened to Reduces Speakers’ Loneliness Following a Social Rejection Disclosure
Authors: Itzchakov Guy , Weinstein Netta , Saluk Dvori , Amar Moty
Published: June 2022

Memories of rejection contribute to feeling lonely. However, high-quality listening that conveys well-meaning attention and understanding when speakers discuss social rejection may help them to reconnect. Speakers may experience less loneliness because they feel close and connected (relatedness) to the listener and because listening supports self-congruent expression (autonomy). Five experiments (total N = 1,643) manipulated listening during visualized (Studies 1, 4, 5) and actual (Studies 2, 3) conversations. We used different methods (video vignettes; in-person; computer-mediated; recall; written scenarios) to compare high-quality with regular (all studies) and poor (Study 1) listening. Findings across studies showed that high-quality listening reduced speakers’ state loneliness after they shared past experiences of social rejection. Parallel mediation analyses indicated that both feeling related to the listener and autonomy satisfaction (particularly its self-congruence component; Study 5) mediated the effect of listening on loneliness. These results provide novel insights into the hitherto unexplored effect of listening on state loneliness.
Connecting Attitude Position and Function: The Role of Self-Esteem
Authors: Vaughan-Johnston Thomas I. , Fowlie Devin I. , Jacobson Jill A.
Published: June 2022

Attitude position and function often are discussed as though they are distinct aspects of attitudes, but scholars have become increasingly interested in how they may interface. We extend existing work showing that people view their positive attitudes as more self-defining than their negative attitudes (i.e., the positivity effect). All datasets support that the positivity effect emerged most strongly among high self-esteem individuals and was attenuated, eliminated, or even reversed among low self-esteem individuals. Furthermore, Study 4 uses a broad array of individual difference measures to triangulate that the higher self-enhancement motivation associated with high self-esteem, rather than merely the positive self-worth of high self-esteem people, is responsible for moderating the positivity effect. In sum, the present work establishes boundary conditions for an important phenomenon in the attitudes literature, develops understanding of the far-ranging implications of trait self-esteem, and illuminates the psychological motivations that connect attitude position and function.
Media and cultural systems: Connecting national news dynamics and the cultures of social problems through a case study of climate change in the U.S. and U.K.
Authors: Neff Timothy
Published: June 2022

This study builds a framework for research on relationships between national media systems and the cultural systems of specific social problems. In the case of U.K. and U.S. news coverage of the social problem of climate change, ethnographic fieldwork and a computational text analysis method known as topic modeling show that three processes are highly salient for understanding the connections between media systems and the cultural systems of social problems: (1) the economic underpinnings of media organizations; (2) relationships between media outlets and between outlets and their audiences; (3) longer histories of research, activism, and policymaking around social problems. This framework can enhance research on the specific, evolving roles that media play in supporting democratic processes and addressing social problems in different national economic, political, and media system contexts.
Adverse Events Associated With Image‐Guided Sinus Navigation in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A MAUDE Database Analysis
Authors: Reyes Orozco Francis , Ulloa Ruben , Lin Matthew , Xepoleas Meredith , Paoletti Marcus , Liu Xuan , Hur Kevin
Published: June 2022

Objective

The utilization of image‐guided navigation during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has increased significantly since its introduction. However, the most common associated complications are still unknown. This study describes and analyzes adverse events related to image‐guided ESS.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional analysis.

Setting

The Food and Drug Administration's 2018‐2022 MAUDE database (Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience).

Methods

The MAUDE database was searched for all reports on adverse events involving sinus navigation systems used in ESS from 2018 to 2022. Reported events were reviewed and categorized.

Results

During the study period, there were 1857 adverse events from 1565 reports, which were divided into device‐related (n = 1834, 98.8%) and patient‐related (n = 23, 1.2%) complications. The most common device‐related complications were nonfunctionality of the system (n = 512, 27.9%), device imprecision (n = 427, 23.3%), and device sensing problems (n = 277, 15.1%). The most common patient‐related complications were cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (n = 14, 60.9%), intracranial injury (n = 4, 17.4%), and bleeding/hemorrhage (n = 3, 13.1%). Imprecision was associated with increased risk of navigation abortion by the surgeon (odds ratio, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.38‐1.65]; P < .001) and increased risk of CSF leak (odds ratio, 16.5 [95% CI, 3.66‐74.0]; P < .001) as compared with other device‐related complications.

Conclusions

The most commonly reported device‐ and patient‐related adverse events associated with image‐guided sinus navigation systems were device nonfunction, imprecision, device sensing difficulties, and CSF leak. When imprecise navigation occurred, there was an increased likelihood of CSF leak and navigation abortion by the surgeon. Health care providers should be mindful of these possible complications when electing to use image‐guided sinus navigation during ESS.
Sustainable knowledge management during crisis: Focus on Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Nyoni Austin M , Kaushal Sanjay
Published: June 2022

This paper consolidates literature that justifies effective knowledge management as a precursor for mitigating the effects of a crisis, Covid-19 pandemic in particular, through key antecedents of leadership, culture, and information and communication technology (ICT). A thorough review of retrieved literature relevant to the topic was conducted. The study materials were rigorously screened to limit any potential biases regarding their selection. Through the study, the paper concludes that the fight against Covid-19 crisis indeed requires knowledge to, among other things, find a lasting solution, mitigate the impacts, limit misinformation, revert to normalcy, and plan for similar crises in future. Further, the paper concludes that sustainable knowledge management during the Covid-19 crisis largely depends on a decisive leadership style that puts employees at the centre; a culture that embraces knowledge as a core asset, and supportive ICT infrastructure. Furthermore, the study reveals that relevance of ICT in the process of managing knowledge, largerly depends on a culture that accepts knowledge as a critical resource. The study establishes some challenges associated with ICT where a way forward for migrating from knowledge capture to knowledge creation and sharing has been re-affirmed. The present paper has led to the development of a model that further explains the relationships between the determinants of leadership, culture and ICT against effective management of a crisis using knowledge as a strategic resource. Further, six propositions have been put forward to provide clarity on the relationships.
Does intensive blood pressure control benefit type B aortic dissection patients who undergoing surgical repair?
Authors: Qian Sichong , Ding Xiaohang , Liu Hong , He Xiaohui , Wang Shipan , Du Ying , Zhang Hongjia , Li Haiyang
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The aim of this research is to determine the optimum blood pressure (BP) control goal for hypertensive type B aortic dissection (TBAD) patients undergoing surgery.

Methods

Between January 2019 and April 2021, 259 hypertensive TBAD patients undergoing surgery were included in the research. 98 patients received intensive BP control with a target of systolic BP (SBP) < 120 mmHg, and 161 received standard BP control targeting SBP between 120 and 140 mmHg. Clinical data from two groups were compared.

Results

Patients who received intensive BP control experienced a significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) postoperatively (21/98, 21.4% vs 14/161, 8.7%, p = 0.004). The intensive group took more anti-hypertensive drugs per day compared with the standard group (1.9 vs 1.5, p < 0.001). Triple-drug combination treatment was more frequent in the intensive group (38.8% vs 14.3%, p < 0.001), as were angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB; 67.3% vs 44.7%, p 0.001), and thiazide-like diuretic (44.9% vs 18.0%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Intensive BP control treatment increases the incidence of AKI and raises the utilization of the anti-hypertensive drug, but did not reduce the operative mortality and late mortality in TBAD patients undergoing surgical repair.
Hybrid sparse monocular visual odometry with online photometric calibration
Authors: Luo Dongting , Zhuang Yan , Wang Sen
Published: June 2022

Most monocular visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) and visual odometry (VO) algorithms focus on either feature-based methods or direct methods. Hybrid (semi-direct) approach is less studied although it is equally important. In this paper, a hybrid sparse visual odometry (HSO) algorithm with online photometric calibration is proposed for monocular vision. HSO introduces two novel measures, that is, direct image alignment with adaptive mode selection and image photometric description using ratio factors, to enhance the robustness against dramatic image intensity changes and motion blur. Moreover, HSO is able to establish pose constraints between keyframes far apart in time and space by using KLT tracking enhanced with a local-global brightness consistency. The convergence speed of candidate map points is adopted as the basis for keyframe selection, which strengthens the coordination between the front end and the back end. Photometric calibration is elegantly integrated into the VO system working in tandem: (1) Photometric interference from the camera, such as vignetting and changes in exposure time, is accurately calibrated and compensated in HSO, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of VO. (2) On the other hand, VO provides pre-calculated data for the photometric calibration algorithm, which reduces resource consumption and improves the estimation accuracy of photometric parameters. Extensive experiments are performed on various public datasets to evaluate the proposed HSO against the state-of-the-art monocular vSLAM/VO and online photometric calibration methods. The results show that the proposed HSO achieves superior performance on VO and photometric calibration in terms of accuracy, robustness, and efficiency, being comparable with the state-of-the-art VO/vSLAM systems. We open source HSO for the benefit of the community.
Sustaining Agriculture and Nutrition Interventions: Continued Engagement of Village Model Farmers in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Shiva , Frongillo Edward A. , Suwal Rojee , Schreinemachers Pepijn , Gupta Aman Sen , Blake Christine E. , Tiwari Narayan Prasad , Cunningham Kenda
Published: June 2022

Background:

In homestead food production (HFP) programs, village model farmers (VMFs), after training, implement agriculture and nutrition activities to improve household knowledge and practices. Little evidence exists on what enables VMFs to remain actively engaged and for impacts to be sustained.

Objective:

To examine variables explaining active engagement of VMFs, at least 4 years post-training, in an HFP program in Nepal.

Methods:

We used cross-sectional data, collected from 2018 to 2019, among 4750 VMFs of Suaahara, a multisectoral nutrition program. We assessed whether respondents registered their HFP group with the local government, conducted regular group meetings, discussed vegetable growing and chicken rearing practices with group members, or engaged in saving and credit activities in their HFP group. Outcome variable was a count of these 4 activities in which the VMF engaged. Socioeconomic, demographic, and programmatic explanatory variables were identified a priori and by bivariate analysis and were adjusted in ordinal regression models accounting for clusters.

Results:

On average, VMFs engaged in 1.4 activities. Having attended primary or secondary school (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 1.39), being a female community health volunteer (AOR = 1.27), being from an advantaged caste/ethnic group (AOR = 1.34), receiving additional trainings (AOR = 1.56) and inputs (AOR = 1.31) were associated with more active engagement of VMFs.

Conclusion:

Village model farmers receiving more training and inputs were more likely to remain actively engaged. Female community health workers, people from higher caste/ethnic groups, and those with primary or secondary education were more likely to remain active VMFs and could be targeted for this role in HFP programs leading to sustained impact.
Rapid prediction of fibre-dominant tensile failure in randomly oriented strands
Authors: Jesus André , Xu Xiaodong
Published: June 2022

A stochastic morphological modelling framework has been established to predict the tensile behaviour of Randomly Oriented Strands made of ultra-thin Carbon Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic prepreg tapes. The tape properties from their distributions are generated in a Monte Carlo simulation. The Young’s modulus of a laminate is accurately predicted using classical laminate theory. Fibre-dominant tensile failure is also accurately predicted in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics Sheet Moulding Compounds using Weibull theory. Material discontinuity is accounted for via the introduction of a stress concentration factor, as a result of tape overlaps. The predicted tensile strength values and scatter were found to increase with increasing tape length, which agrees well with literature data, and thus demonstrates the reliability of the proposed modelling framework. The rapid modelling framework is well-suited for application in structures.
Interventions for Grieving and Bereaved Informal Caregivers: A Scoping Review of the Canadian Literature
Authors: Thrower Carly , Barrie Carol , Baxter Sharon , Bloom Meryl , Borja Maria Carolina , Butters Anica , Dudgeon Deborah , Haque Ayeshah , Lee Suzanna , Mahmood Iqra , Mirhosseini Mehrnoush , Mirza Raza M. , Murzin Kate , Ankita Ankita , Skantharajah Neerjah , Vadeboncoeur Christina , Wan Andrew , Klinger Christopher A.
Published: June 2022

Background: The palliative approach to care is playing a larger role in the healthcare of older adults in Canada. Within (hospice) palliative care, informal caregivers play a crucial role as part of the interdisciplinary care team. Ensuring high quality palliative care includes providing effective grief and bereavement supports for them. Objective: This study aimed to identify current interventions addressing the grief and bereavement experiences of informal caregivers of geriatric patients in the Canadian (hospice) palliative/end-of-life care realm. Methods: A scoping review was undertaken using Arksey and O’Malley's framework. Seven electronic health and social science databases were searched. In addition, several stakeholder organizations’ websites were reviewed to identify grey literature sources. Interventions that took place in Canada, were in English, and explored grief and bereavement supports for informal caregivers in an adult/geriatric (hospice) palliative care setting were included. After full text review, data were extracted and charted. Major themes were established following thematic content analysis. Results: Within a total of 18 sources, three themes were identified: (1) Classification of intervention, (2) Format of intervention, and (3) Intervention target. Method of delivery and type of intervention for grief and bereavement supports were aligned with the international literature. There is a need for large-scale evaluations of interventions and informal caregivers should be engaged in this process. Practitioners should be encouraged to direct bereavement interventions toward grieving caregivers, and to collaborate with them to improve access to these interventions. Policy makers should provide additional funding for grief interventions for informal caregivers. Conclusions: It is important to better understand the needs of informal caregivers experiencing grief and bereavement. Interdisciplinary collaborations will be necessary to develop, evaluate, and scale future interventions.