bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daily variations in vertical distribution of crustacean zooplankton in a mountain lake (Lake Tinquilco, 39°S, Araucania Region) in Chile
Authors: De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio , Hauenstein Enrique , Acevedo Patricio
Published: March 2015

The community of crustacean zooplankton in lakes can show temporal vertical variations in composition and abundance due to the influence of exposure to natural ultraviolet radiation. The aim of the present study was to analyse the zooplankton composition both at the surface and in the water column, and at different times during the day and night, in a northern Patagonian mountain lake (Lake Tinquilco, 39°S, 763 m a.s.l.) in Chile. Eight samples were collected in two days: four samples between the surface and 5 m depth, and four between the surface and 20 m depth. Based on these data, the corresponding values of the Shannon diversity index were estimated. In samples collected at 0-5 m depth, low species numbers were found in comparison with samples collected at 0-20 m. At 0-5 m, the highest biodiversity was observed in the evening, whereas at 0-20 m depth the highest biodiversity was observed in the morning and early afternoon. As a possible cause for this variation, the exposure to natural ultraviolet radiation would be the most probable, since that harmful radiation can penetrate into the superficial part of the water column.
Diver-operated suction sampling in Norwegian cobble grounds: technique and associated fauna
Authors: Ringvold Halldis , Grytnes John-Arvid , van der Meeren Gro I.
Published: March 2015

Marine cobble habitats in shallow waters are rich in faunal assemblages and known settling grounds for valuable fishery resources such as lobsters and crabs. Sampling these grounds is challenging as traditional techniques do not efficiently collect fast-moving benthic invertebrates. Typically, fast moving crustaceans are not sampled according to actual densities. This study used airlift suction sampling, pioneered in North America, to quantify benthic faunal assemblages in cobble grounds across 68 sampling locations in south-western Norway. In total, 72 species of benthic invertebrates (5276 individual specimens) were identified, with an overall sampling efficiency of 76.4%. Polychaeta and decapod crustaceans dominated the samples, with species diversity (Shannon Index, ) highest in Location 3. Cluster and Ordination analyses were further used to relate assemblages to a number of selected variables. Overall, the study highlights that suction sampling provides a low-cost and efficient method for quantifying mobile benthic fauna in structurally complex marine habitats (i.e., cobble).
Briggsia leiophylla, a new species of Gesneriaceae from southern Guizhou, China
Authors: Wen Fang , Maciejewski Stephen E , He Xiang-Qian , Han Jing , Wei Yi-Gang
Published: March 2015

Briggsia leiophylla, a new species of Gesnericeae from southern Guizhou, China, is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to B. longipes (Hemsl. ex Oliv.) Craib, but can be easily distinguished by only one flower per cyme (rare two), brightly yellow and nearly glabrous corolla, anthers thecae confluent.
The rectal valve in Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera)
Authors: LYAL CHRISTOPHER H. C. , FAVREAU EMELINE A.
Published: March 2015

A rectal valve is known from Bostrichiformia (e.g. Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, Ptinidae), Cucujiformia (e.g. Chrysmeloidea, Cleridae, Curculionoidea, Endomychidae, Tenebrionidae) and Buprestidae, associated with the cryptonephridial system for water recovery from fecal matter. The valve is probably homologous in at least the Bostrichiformia and Cucujiformia although the form it takes may not be. It comprises a sclerotized band lying in the wall of the rectum where this meets the perinephric membrane. The valve is plesiomorphically a narrow crimped ring, probably acting as a sphincter to retain fecal matter for water extraction. Apomorphically it extends longitudinally along the rectum and supports the perinephric chamber; this state has probably arisen independently several times. Larval and adult morphology may be similar or different. Within the Curculionoidea different apomorphic forms suggest monophyly of groups within the Anthribidae and Dryophthoridae, and within the curculionid subfamilies Entiminae, Mesoptiliinae, Molytinae and Cossoninae + Scolytinae, although limited weight should be placed on a single character. No support is provided for a relationship between the Platypodinae and Scolytinae. The genera Cylindrotypetes Zimmerman 1942 and Edaphotrypetes Morimoto 1995 are transferred from Molytinae: Phoenicobatini to Cossoninae: Pentrarthini.
A new species of the genus Oxyporus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxyporinae) in Yunnan, China
Authors: LI GUO-FENG , WANG CHUN-MEI , LI HONG-WEI , HOU YUN-PING
Published: March 2015

Oxyporus (Oxyporus) kunmingius sp. nov. is described from Yunnan, China. Color images of the habitus and aedeagus of the new species are included. A key to the genus Oxyporus of Yunnan species is provided.
Are People High in Skepticism About Anthropogenic Climate Change Necessarily Resistant to Influence? Some Cause for Optimism
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J. , Fielding Kelly S. , McStay Ryan , Reser Joseph P. , Bradley Graham L.
Published: March 2015

A sizable minority of people doubt that climate change is primarily caused by human activity (“attribution skeptics”). Consequently, it is important to examine the psychological drivers of pro-environmental intentions among attribution skeptics and the extent to which they are more or less influenced by traditional climate change messages. Study 1 ( N = 4,345) examined the psychological correlates of motivation to engage in pro-environmental behaviors among people at various points of the spectrum of belief in anthropogenic climate change. As expected, motivation to engage in pro-environmental behaviors is related to risk perceptions and concern about the consequences of climate change. Interestingly, however, these links were stronger the more participants reported being skeptical that climate change is anthropogenic. This suggests that climate change interventions might be especially successful in changing pro-environmental motivation among attribution skeptics, a prediction supported by an experimental intervention (Study 2; N = 600). Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
The Potential Role of South-East Asia in North Korea’s Economic Reforms: The Cases of ASEAN, Vietnam and Singapore
Authors: Tan Er-Win , Govindasamy Geetha , Park Chang Kyoo
Published: March 2015

The process of engaging the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea stands at a crossroads that presents challenges as well as opportunities. We believe that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) can indirectly help to facilitate North Korean reforms in three ways: (i) Political: via ASEAN’s ability to function as a neutral facilitator of dialogue; (ii) Economic: as models of economic reform for North Korea (particularly based on the experiences of Singapore and Vietnam); (iii) Social: the Choson Exchange based in Singapore is an ideal location for enabling North Koreans to study abroad and thus gain a greater understanding of other countries.
PPARγ Maintains Homeostasis through Autophagy Regulation in Dental Pulp
Authors: Lee Y.H. , Lee H.Y. , Kim T.G. , Lee N.H. , Yu M.K. , Yi H.K.
Published: March 2015

This study investigated the relevance between pulp vitality and autophagy in aged human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) affects autophagy regulation for homeostasis in the aging progress. In vivo experiments were used in human and Sprague-Dawley rat teeth obtained from young and adult individuals. Aging- and autophagy-related molecules were determined by immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin and eosin staining. HDPCs were serially subcultured until spontaneously arrested for in vitro aging, and the replication deficiency adenovirus was introduced for PPARγ overexpression. Subsequently, the effect of PPARγ on regulation of autophagy molecules, mitochondria activity, and cell viability was assessed using Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and the MTT assay, respectively. In adult pulp tissue, autophagy molecules (autophagy protein 5, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain, and Beclin-1) were increased, but aging-related (PPARγ and heme oxygenase 1 [HO-1]) and dentinogenesis (dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein) molecules were decreased. In aged HDPCs, autophagy and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 were increased, while PPARγ and HO-1 were decreased. Under stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, autophagy- and aging-related molecules were differentially expressed between young and aged cells. PPARγ induced HO-1 and autophagy molecules but reduced inflammatory molecules in aged cells. In addition, PPARγ activated strong mitochondrial activity and cell viability in aging cells. Inhibition of HO-1 by tin protoporphyrin IX exacerbated autophagy and mitochondrial activity as well as cell viability in young cells. This study indicates that PPARγ maintains pulp homeostasis through the regulation of autophagy molecules during the life span of HDPCs.
Endovascular stent-graft excision and surgical aortic reconstruction
Authors: Aydin Unal , Kadirogullari Ersin , Sen Onur , Ersoy Burak , Erkanli Korhan , Bakir Ihsan
Published: March 2015

Endovascular aneurysm repair is being used more often and replacing open surgical repair as the treatment option for aortic aneurysm. Early results are better than those of open surgical repair, but the need for a second intervention is greater. Excision of a previously placed stent-graft by different surgical methods is very difficult and has high mortality and morbidity rates. We describe 3 patients who had previous endovascular aneurysm repair and were treated by an open surgical method with near total excision, leaving part of the stent-graft in the native aortic tissue.
Is friendship quality reflected in memory narratives?
Authors: Tani Franca , Smorti Andrea , Peterson Carole
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the link between friendship quality and content and structure of autobiographical narratives about friends. Gender differences were investigated as well. A total of 93 Italian undergraduates (51 males and 42 females) were asked to recall memories about their friends. Then, they were requested to write in detail one of their recalled memories. The Network of Relationships Inventory was used to measure the participants’ friendship dimensions. The results showed that males and females express their memories differently depending on the degree to which their friendship relationships are positive or negative. Authors interpret these results in terms of a mirror metaphor because linguistic characteristics of narratives about friends reflect qualitative features of their friendships.
Why Does Imagery of Disability Include Healing in Isaiah?
Authors: Schipper Jeremy
Published: March 2015

The restoration of the exilic community ranks among the most dominant themes in prophetic literature. Imagery of physical disability serves as a standard element within prophetic oracles concerning exilic restoration throughout the Hebrew Bible. Yet, outside of Isaiah, oracles concerning exilic restoration that involve disability imagery do not usually include physical healings. This article argues that the handful of healings of disability in oracles involving restoration in Isaiah does not invalidate this general rule, even though they are often depicted as representative of the use of disability imagery in prophetic literature. Instead, these seemingly anomalous Isaianic healings may be explained as an element within a larger rhetorical agenda that grows out of Isaianic depictions of the divine protection and restoration of Zion and its inhabitants with physical idealization.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on rat facial skin
Authors: Sula B , Ekinci C , Uçak H , Uçmak D , Akkurt ZM , Aktaş A , Arica M , Deveci E
Published: March 2015

Introduction:

We used immunohistochemistry to investigate the histopathologic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the facial skin of rats.

Material and methods:

Rats in the HBO group ( n = 6) were placed in a 20 L HBO chamber at 2.5 atmospheres absolute at 25–26°C with 100% oxygen for 90 min/day for 7 days. Following euthanasia, sections of facial skin were removed for examination.

Results:

Epidermal hyperplasia and degeneration, basal-cell hypertrophy, subepithelial fibrosis, and increased connective tissue were observed in the HBO group. E-cadherin expression was reduced in the epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands in HBO-treated rats relative to control animals. HBO treatment was associated with vimentin immunoreactivity in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and the bulbus pilorum of a subset of hair follicles. It also resulted in increased type IV collagen expression within the connective tissue in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

Conclusion:

The HBO group demonstrated epidermal hyperplasia and degeneration, basal-cell hypertrophy, and subepithelial fibrosis. In addition, HBO decreased E-cadherin expression, which suggests that HBO may impair intracellular adhesion. Expression of vimentin and type IV collagen was also observed in the dermis. Increased connective tissue, hemorrhage, and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed in the dermis of HBO-treated animals. Thus, HBO has effects on the structures of the epidermis and dermis.
Sample size determination for logistic regression on a logit-normal distribution
Authors: Kim Seongho , Heath Elisabeth , Heilbrun Lance
Published: March 2015

Although the sample size for simple logistic regression can be readily determined using currently available methods, the sample size calculation for multiple logistic regression requires some additional information, such as the coefficient of determination ([Formula: see text]) of a covariate of interest with other covariates, which is often unavailable in practice. The response variable of logistic regression follows a logit-normal distribution which can be generated from a logistic transformation of a normal distribution. Using this property of logistic regression, we propose new methods of determining the sample size for simple and multiple logistic regressions using a normal transformation of outcome measures. Simulation studies and a motivating example show several advantages of the proposed methods over the existing methods: (i) no need for [Formula: see text] for multiple logistic regression, (ii) available interim or group-sequential designs, and (iii) much smaller required sample size.
Investigating Melodic Segmentation through the Temporal Multi-Scaling Framework
Authors: Serman Maja , Griffith Niall J. L.
Published: March 2015

In this paper we approach the subject of modelling and understanding segmentation processes in melodic perception using a temporal multi-scale representation framework. We start with the hypothesis that segmentation depends on the ability of the perceptual system to detect changes in the sensory signal. In particular, we are interested in a model of change detection in music perception that would help us to investigate functional aspects of low-level perceptual processes in music and their universality in terms of the general properties of the auditory system. To investigate this hypothesis, we have developed a temporal multi-scale model that mimics the ability of the listener to detect changes in pitch, loudness and timbre when listening to performed melodies. The model is set within the linear scale-space theoretical framework, as developed for image structure analysis but in this case applied to the temporal processing domain. It is structured in such a way as to enable us to verify the assumption that segmentation is influenced by both the dynamics of signal propagation through a neural map and learning and attention factors. Consequently, the model is examined from two perspectives: 1) the computational architecture which models signal propagation is examined for achieving the effects of the universal, inborn aspects of segmentation 2) the model structure capable of influencing choices of segmentation outcomes is explained and some of its effects are examined in view of the known segmentation results. The results of the presented case studies demonstrate that the model accounts for some effects of perceptual organization of the sensory signal and provides a sound basis for analysing different types of changes and coordination across the melodic descriptors in segmentation decisions.
The role of career counselling in supporting career well-being of nurses
Authors: Chen Charles P , Haller Sarah
Published: March 2015

The phenomenon of occupational and career burnout in nurses has received recent attention from academia, the media, and health care practitioners. Research surrounding career burnout often adopts a health perspective and focuses on the psychological well-being of nurses. While acknowledging the vital importance of a health perspective, this article contends that the ability to cultivate a sense of career well-being may act as an antidote to the occupational and career burnout in the nursing profession. To examine the relationship between career burnout and career well-being in nurses, the article explores the many ways career counsellors can be of service to clients in the nursing profession, improving clients’ career well-being via the enhancement of effective coping skills. In particular, the phenomenon of career burnout and its related issues and factors in nurses are identified and analysed. Guided by key tenets from career development theoretical approaches, counselling interventions are proposed to address the unique occupational burnout issue in the nursing profession, aiming to further the career well-being of nurses.
The moderating effects of perceived threat to valued job features on career commitment among university professors
Authors: Ugboro Isaiah O , Obeng Kofi
Published: March 2015

This article studies the relationships between perceptions of threats to valued job features, total job (job insecurity), and career commitment among university professors, using the context of post-tenure review policy. It surveys professors from a randomly selected sample of 74 universities that have implemented post-tenure review policies and processes and analyzes their responses using structural equation methods. It tests hypotheses about relationships between perceptions of threats to job features, the total job as a result of post-tenure review policy, and career commitment. It finds that when post-tenure review is perceived as a threat to valued job features such as job autonomy and the total job, it negatively affects measures of affective, continuance, and normative career commitments. The implications of these findings for university administrators, regents, and boards of governors contemplating the development and implementation of post-tenure review policies are discussed.
Teaching Students to Focus on the Data in Data Visualization
Authors: Wolfe Joanna
Published: March 2015

Although most technical communication pedagogy provides students with solid advice on how to visualize particular numerical representations, it underproblematizes the rhetorical decisions we make in choosing which numbers to display in the first place. This pedagogical reflection uses Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s concept of interpretative level to foreground the rhetorical choices that underlie our decisions on how to summarize, aggregate, and synthesize the data we visualize. It then describes two informal classroom activities that emphasize the importance of interpretative level and help students see the recursive nature of data visualization and invention.
The queer logics of sex/desire and the ‘missing’ discourse of gender
Authors: Hammers Corie J
Published: March 2015

In this article I seek to expose the masculinism subtending a strain of queer known as anti-social queer theory. I argue that anti-social queer theory privileges sexuality at the expense of gender. More specifically, anti-social queer theory exalts certain masculine modes of (queer) sexual trangression, which, although concealed through the rhetoric of trangression/subversion, depends on and works through normative ideologies of gender and sexuality. I contend that anti-social queer theory reinforces binarized gender, devaluing in turn non-phallic modes of desire. Through in-depth interviews with lesbian/queer sadomasochists, I show that desire/sexuality is fundamentally dependent on gender and the body. Additionally, narratives express how bodily stability is generative of desire. I conclude by arguing that sexuality scholars must incorporate gender identity formations into theorizations of sexuality.
Designing for health in school buildings: Between research and practice
Authors: Kirkeby Inge Mette , Jensen Bjarne Bruun , Larsen Kristian , Kural René
Published: March 2015

Aim: To investigate the kinds of knowledge practitioners use when planning and designing for health in school buildings. Methods: Twelve semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with architects, teachers and officials to investigate use of knowledge in the making of school buildings. Results: Practitioners drew on many kinds and sources of knowledge, but in particular they made use of concepts, examples or pictures or thought-provoking knowledge. However, the interviews indicate a number of hurdles for efficient knowledge sharing between research and practice: (1) a considerable discrepancy between kinds of knowledge used by practice and knowledge traditionally produced by research; (2) research-knowledge and practice-knowledge form two circuits and the flow from one circuit to the other is weak; (3) practitioners’ knowledge was often based on experience and therefore person-dependent. It makes the knowledge vulnerable. Conclusions: Special attention has to be paid by research to concepts and principles to guide the decision-making in practice. Further is recommended to consider new kinds of collaboration between researchers and practitioners.
Targeting Prejudice
Authors: Seery Mark D. , Quinton Wendy J.
Published: March 2015

Although Asians in the United States are targets of racial prejudice and discrimination, cultural forces may hinder their acknowledging that such bias has occurred. High personal self-esteem (SE) may facilitate acknowledging discrimination—which is costly yet necessary to remedy unfair treatment—but the importance of personal SE for Asians has been questioned. This study investigated a novel question: Does high personal SE function as a psychological resource for Asians’ attributions to racial discrimination? Participants received negative performance feedback containing one of three levels of cues to a White evaluator’s prejudice (feedback only, less-clear cues, or more-clear cues). Participants with lower SE reported elevated attributions to discrimination only when cues were more clear, whereas participants with higher SE reported elevated attributions when any cues to prejudice were present. Results suggest that high personal SE serves as a psychological resource for Asian targets of prejudice, lowering the threshold for acknowledging discriminatory treatment.
Determinants of Adherence to Living on Dialysis for Mexican Americans
Authors: Wells Shirley A.
Published: March 2015

This study explores perceptions that affect adherence behaviors among Mexican Americans living with dialysis. In-depth narrative interviews were conducted with 15 Mexican Americans with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) living on dialysis, 15 family members, and 6 health care personnel who provided care to them. Four themes emerged: (a) positive influences to adherence, (b) obstacles to adherence, (c) daily activity losses, and (d) fears about living with dialysis. From the findings, the perceptions given for non-adherence with the dialysis regimen ranged from denial of the condition, lack of pre-education, to cultural factors. Those given for adherence included prolonged life, family, and hope of getting a transplant. Health care providers were the reminder to adhere. Several cultural factors influenced their adherence perceptions. Strategies to enhance adherence behaviors should focus on knowledge about dialysis, use of the collective efficacy of the family, and the inclusion of cultural values.
A high-performance complementary inverter based on transition metal dichalcogenide field-effect transistors
Authors: Cho Ah-Jin , Park Kee Chan , Kwon Jang-Yeon
Published: March 2015

For several years, graphene has been the focus of much attention due to its peculiar characteristics, and it is now considered to be a representative 2-dimensional (2D) material. Even though many research groups have studied on the graphene, its intrinsic nature of a zero band-gap, limits its use in practical applications, particularly in logic circuits. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which are another type of 2D material, have drawn attention due to the advantage of having a sizable band-gap and a high mobility. Here, we report on the design of a complementary inverter, one of the most basic logic elements, which is based on a MoS2 n-type transistor and a WSe2 p-type transistor. The advantages provided by the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) configuration and the high-performance TMD channels allow us to fabricate a TMD complementary inverter that has a high-gain of 13.7. This work demonstrates the operation of the MoS2 n-FET and WSe2 p-FET on the same substrate, and the electrical performance of the CMOS inverter, which is based on a different driving current, is also measured.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of apoptosis in neural stem cells treated with sevoflurane
Authors: Qiu Jianlei , Shi Pengcai , Mao Wude , Zhao Yuyi , Liu Wenshuai , Wang Yuelan
Published: March 2015

Background

At present, sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia used on infants is well-known. But long-time exposure to inhalation anesthetic could cause neurologic disorder, especially nerve degeneration in infant and developing brain. The central nervous system degeneration of infants could affect the memory and cognitive function. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a known inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system. Inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane may activate GABAA receptor to inhibit central nervous system, leading to apoptosis of neural degeneration, cognitive dysfunction in the critical period of brain development.

Methods

Neural stem cells were derived from Wistar embryos, cultured in vitro. Third generation of neural stem cells were randomly divided into four groups according to cultured suspension: Sevoflurane group (Group S), GABAA receptor antagonists, Bicuculline group (Group B), Sevoflurane + GABAA receptor antagonists, Bicuculline group (Group S + B), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) group (Group D). Group B and Group D did not receive sevoflurane preconditioning. Group S and Group S + B were pretreated with 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane for 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h. Group S + B and Group B were pretreated with bicuculline (10 uM). Group D was treated with DMSO (10 uL/mL). After treatments above, all groups were cultured for 48 h. Then we measured the cells viability by Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8) assay, cytotoxicity by Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, apoptosis ratio with Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining by flow cytometry, and the expression of GABAAR, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Caspase-3 by western blotting.

Results

After exposing to sevoflurane for 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h with 1MAC, we found that cell viability obviously decreased and cytotoxicity increased in time-dependent way. And Annexin V/PI staining indicated increased apoptosis ratio by flow cytometry. The protein level of GABAA receptor, pro-apoptotic protein Bax and apoptosis protein Caspase-3 increased; while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased. And bicuculline could reverse all detrimental results caused by sevoflurane.

Conclusion

Sevoflurane can inhibit the central nervous system by activating GABAA, resulting in apoptosis of neural stem cells, thus leading to the NSCs degeneration.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), enhances anti-tumor effects of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Min Ahrum , Im Seock-Ah , Kim Debora Keunyoung , Song Sang-Hyun , Kim Hee-Jun , Lee Kyung-Hun , Kim Tae-Yong , Han Sae-Won , Oh Do-Youn , Kim Tae-You , O’Connor Mark J , Bang Yung-Jue
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, has been found to have therapeutic potential for treating cancers associated with impaired DNA repair capabilities, particularly those with deficiencies in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important for enabling functional HRR of DNA by regulating the expression of HRR-related genes and promoting the accurate assembly of HRR-directed sub-nuclear foci. Thus, HDAC inhibitors have recently emerged as a therapeutic agent for treating cancer by inhibiting DNA repair. Based on this, HDAC inhibition could be predicted to enhance the anti-tumor effect of PARP inhibitors in cancer cells by blocking the HRR pathway.

Methods

We determined whether suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a HDAC inhibitor, could enhance the anti-tumor effects of olaparib on breast cancer cell lines using a cytotoxic assay, cell cycle analysis, and Western blotting. We evaluated how exposure to SAHA affects the expression of HRR-associated genes. The accumulation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) induced by combination treatment was assessed. Induction of autophagy was monitored by imaging green fluorescent protein-tagged microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) expression following co-treatment with olaparib and SAHA. These in vitro data were validated in vivo using a human breast cancer xenograft model.

Results

Triple-negative breast cancer cell (TNBC) lines showed heterogeneous responses to the PARP and HDAC inhibitors. Co-administration of olaparib and SAHA synergistically inhibited the growth of TNBC cells that expressed functional Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). This effect was associated with down-regulation of the proliferative signaling pathway, increased apoptotic and autophagic cell death, and accumulation of DNA damage. The combined anti-tumor effect of olaparib and SAHA was also observed in a xenograft model. These data suggest that PTEN expression in TNBC cells can sensitize the cell response to simultaneous inhibition of PARP and HDAC both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that expression of functional PTEN may serve as a biomarker for selecting TNBC patients that would favorably respond to a combination of olaparib with SAHA. This provides a strong rationale for treating TNBC patients with PTEN expression with a combination therapy consisting of olaparib and SAHA.
Coalescence-avoiding joint probabilistic data association based on bias removal
Authors: Jing Peiliang , Xu Shiyou , Li Xian , Chen Zengping
Published: March 2015

In order to deal with the track coalescence problem of the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm, a novel approach from a state bias removal point of view is developed in this paper. The factors that JPDA causes the state bias are analyzed, and the direct computation equation of the bias in the ideal case is given. Then based on the definitions of target detection hypothesis and target-to-target association hypothesis, the bias estimation is extended to the general and practical case. Finally, the estimated bias is removed from the state updated by JPDA to generate the unbiased state. The results of Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed method can handle track coalescence and presents better performance when compared with the traditional methods.
Dynamic switching off algorithms for pico base stations in heterogeneous cellular networks
Authors: Wu Jie , Jin Shi , Jiang Lei , Wang Gang
Published: March 2015

The densification of pico base stations (PBSs) in heterogenous cellular networks (Hetnets) causes redundant energy consumption of the whole network during low traffic periods. In order to address this problem, we take advantage of the traffic load fluctuation over time and area to adapt the necessary resource to the actual traffic demand by introducing sleep mode to the PBSs. To achieve this target, we propose two centralized algorithms (i.e., the heuristic algorithm and the progressive algorithm) in this paper to dynamically switch off the unnecessary PBSs, both of which can track the traffic variation well. We design a utility function of some key factors considered particularly for PBSs in Hetnets. These algorithms rely on the utility function to switch off the redundant PBSs, enabling the working mode of all PBSs be reconfigured periodically. The progressive algorithm is proposed to overcome the inefficiency of the heuristic algorithm. The simulations demonstrate that the execution time of the progressive algorithm is at most one third of that of the heuristic algorithm, which enables the network to respond to the traffic variation more promptly. Besides, the progressive algorithm can switch off more PBSs than the heuristic algorithm while slightly affects the network blocking probability, which indicates that the progressive algorithm has a better potential to save energy. Moreover, simulations also reveal that some key parameters all have nonnegligible influence on the performance of our algorithms. These parameters should be tuned well to trade spare network resource for energy saving.
Using molecular dynamics to quantify the electrical double layer and examine the potential for its direct observation in the in-situ TEM
Authors: Welch David A , Mehdi B Layla , Hatchell Hannah J , Faller Roland , Evans James E , Browning Nigel D
Published: March 2015

Understanding the fundamental processes taking place at the electrode-electrolyte interface in batteries will play a key role in the development of next generation energy storage technologies. One of the most fundamental aspects of the electrode-electrolyte interface is the electrical double layer (EDL). Given the recent development of high spatial resolution in-situ electrochemical fluid cells for scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), there now exists the possibility that we can directly observe the formation and dynamics of the EDL. In this paper we predict electrolyte structure within the EDL using classical models and atomistic Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Classical models are found to greatly differ from MD in predicted concentration profiles. It is thus suggested that MD must be used in order to accurately predict STEM images of the electrode-electrolyte interface. Using MD and image simulation together for a high contrast electrolyte (the high atomic number CsCl electrolyte), it is determined that, for a smooth interface, concentration profiles within the EDL should be visible experimentally. When normal experimental parameters such as rough interfaces and low-Z electrolytes (like those used in Li-ion batteries) are considered, observation of the EDL appears to be more difficult.
Neutrophil elastase promotes myofibroblast differentiation in lung fibrosis
Authors: Gregory Alyssa D , Kliment Corrine R , Metz Heather E , Kim Kyoung-Hee , Kargl Julia , Agostini Brittani A , Crum Lauren T , Oczypok Elizabeth A , Oury Tim A , Houghton A McGarry
Published: March 2015

IPF is a progressive lung disorder characterized by fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Although neutrophil accumulation within IPF lungs has been negatively correlated with outcomes, the role played by neutrophils in lung fibrosis remains poorly understood. We have demonstrated previously that NE promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and hypothesized that it may have a similar effect on fibroblasts. In the current study, we show that NE−/− mice are protected from asbestos-induced lung fibrosis. NE−/− mice displayed reduced fibroblast and myofibroblast content when compared with controls. NE directly both lung fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation in vitro, as evidenced by proliferation assays, collagen gel contractility assays, and αSMA induction. Furthermore, αSMA induction occurs in a TGF-β-independent fashion. Treatment of asbestos-recipient mice with ONO-5046, a synthetic NE antagonist, reduced hydroxyproline content. Thus, the current study points to a key role for neutrophils and NE in the progression of lung fibrosis. Lastly, the study lends rationale to use of NE-inhibitory approaches as a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with lung fibrosis.
Pericytes in the myovascular niche promote post-natal myofiber growth and satellite cell quiescence
Authors: Kostallari Enis , Baba-Amer Yasmine , Alonso-Martin Sonia , Ngoh Pamela , Relaix Frederic , Lafuste Peggy , Gherardi Romain K.
Published: March 2015

The satellite cells, which serve as adult muscle stem cells, are both located beneath myofiber basement membranes and closely associated with capillary endothelial cells. We observed that 90% of capillaries were associated with pericytes in adult mouse and human muscle. During post-natal growth, newly formed vessels with their neuroglial 2 proteoglycan (NG2)-positive pericytes became progressively associated with the post-natal muscle stem cells, as myofibers increased in size and satellite cells entered into quiescence. In vitro, human muscle-derived pericytes promoted myogenic cell differentiation through insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and myogenic cell quiescence through angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1). Diphtheria toxin-induced ablation of muscle pericytes in growing mice led both to myofiber hypotrophy and to impaired establishment of stem cells quiescence. Similar effects were observed following conditional in vivo deletion of pericyte Igf1 and Angpt1 genes, respectively. Our data therefore demonstrate that, by promoting post-natal myogenesis and stem cell quiescence, pericytes play a key role in the microvascular niche of satellite cells.
Augmented BMP signaling in the neural crest inhibits nasal cartilage morphogenesis by inducing p53-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Hayano Satoru , Komatsu Yoshihiro , Pan Haichun , Mishina Yuji
Published: March 2015

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays many roles in skull morphogenesis. We have previously reported that enhanced BMP signaling through the BMP type IA receptor (BMPR1A) in cranial neural crest cells causes craniosynostosis during postnatal development. Additionally, we observed that 55% of Bmpr1a mutant mice show neonatal lethality characterized by a distended gastrointestinal tract. Here, we show that severely affected mutants exhibit defective nasal cartilage, failure of fusion between the nasal septum and the secondary palate, and higher levels of phosphorylated SMAD1 and SMAD5 in the nasal tissue. TUNEL demonstrated an increase in apoptosis in both condensing mesenchymal tissues and cartilage of the nasal region in mutants. The levels of p53 (TRP53) tumor suppressor protein were also increased in the same tissue. Injection of pifithrin-α, a chemical inhibitor of p53, into pregnant mice prevented neonatal lethality while concomitantly reducing apoptosis in nasal cartilage primordia, suggesting that enhanced BMP signaling induces p53-mediated apoptosis in the nasal cartilage. The expression of Bax and caspase 3, downstream targets of p53, was increased in the mutants; however, the p53 expression level was unchanged. It has been reported that MDM2 interacts with p53 to promote degradation. We found that the amount of MDM2-p53 complex was decreased in all mutants, and the most severely affected mutants had the largest decrease. Our previous finding that the BMP signaling component SMAD1 prevents MDM2-mediated p53 degradation coupled with our new data indicate that augmented BMP signaling induces p53-mediated apoptosis by prevention of p53 degradation in developing nasal cartilage. Thus, an appropriate level of BMP signaling is required for proper craniofacial morphogenesis.
A road map for the creation of regional military-historical routes
Authors: Федулин Александр , Fedulin Aleksandr , Минаев Владимир , Minaev Vladimir
Published: March 2015

The article considers the directions and mechanisms of investment policy in the sphere of military-historical tourism. The article highlights features and practical advices on business planning in the creation of military-historical routes (MHRs). It is shown that in this case the investment business project is a purposeful change of control of military-historical tourist activities in the region, municipality with the requirements for the quality of the results of the use of MHRs, taking into account potential risks, restrictions on the flow of funds and resources and specific organizations for the development and implementation of such projects. The article describes common and fundamental mistakes in the preparation and submission of business plans for a MHR. Among them are the lack of clarity in the design of business plans for a MHR; ignorance of its market potential capacity, the position of competitors in the market; incorrect financial calculations. The article stresses that there should be clearly stated objectives of the project of a MHR, the results of their achievement should be interpreted unambiguously, and restrictions and requirements should be reasonable. Demonstrated are the features of business planningin the field of military and historical tourism as a complex object for management. Emphasized is the fact that the tourist attraction of sites and facilities of the military-historical nature can be significantly improved by targeting regional and municipal patriotic education and strengthening the role of military-historical components in educational institutions. The authors present the mechanism for implementation and the action plan for the implementation of project to create MHRs in three phases: pre-investment, investment and operations. Described are the main participants in the project to create a MHR, their functions, and also suggested are ten steps of the "roadmap "for the effective planning of regional and municipal authorities in creating MHRs.
The methodology of compliance in tourism and service
Authors: Кузнецов Валерий , Kuznetsov Valeriy , Федулин Александр , Fedulin Aleksandr , Минаев Владимир , Minaev Vladimir
Published: March 2015

The article deals with the application of modern methodology and technology risk management — compliance in the field of tourism and service, and the focus is not only on its advice functions, but also on the control functions when effective supervision is exercised over the implementation of laws and regulatory policies and procedures for an organization. It is shown that compliance mechanisms have an integrated methodology and consist of of three interrelated components: "identification" (risk identification), "prevention" (risk control) and "response" (effective purposeful actions in specific situations). Provided are basic definitions in compliance, characterized its standard policies, principles and interactions between the basic functional blocks of the system of compliance. It is shown that compliance is a complex of real-world measures to protect the business and its shareholders, on the one hand, from the external impact of corruption (corruption of the environment), and on the other —from abuse (internal corruption) and inefficient management of the organization on the part of its management. Particular attention is paid to compliance audit, whose main purpose is to prevent violations of the law in the accumulation and use of funds of organizations of any form of properly and corruption in relation to civil servants and officials of any organization. The advantages of the introduction of compliance in tourism and recreation and service areas are shown in three hierarchically related levels: increasing the value of the company and its investment attractiveness; curbing abuse and organizing synergistic positive effects of the company; monitoring, risk prevention for the development of the company. The article outlines the main provisions of the agreement on cooperation between the National Association for Comliance and RSUTS, in particular concerning training, retraining and advanced training in the field of compliance management in tourism and service.
Modern low-cost internet technologies for promotion of educational services of universities
Authors: Губина Олеся , Gubina Olesya
Published: March 2015

The rapid development of the Internet-sphere involves an active expansion of the range of different online resources, technologies and opportunities for organizations for marketing purposes. This article is devoted to the promotion of educational services of universities using the Internet. In this paper we study the possibility of promotion of educational services of universities using Internet technologies that do not require significant financial investments, we also present the analysis of existing modern internet sites, which are used by universities for marketing purposes. The author explores the modern educational portals, sites of educational institutions, specialized sites reviews, social networks, search engines, portals and various themed e-mail services with respect to the efficiency of promotion of university educational services, identifies ways to promote university educational services via the Internet, developing recommendations to enhance their effectiveness. The paper presents the characteristics of the main groups of Internet resources, through which the promotion of educational services of universities can be made possible, gives examples of types of posting information about universities in order to promote educational services. The author gives her own research based on practical experience and work on online promotion of educational services of universities.

According to the analysis of literature and the author´s studies, which reflect the main trends in the development of Internet technologies of promotion of educational services of universities, compiled a table summarizing the effectiveness of online resources and recommended content and low-cost methods of promotion of educational services of universities.