ISOLATION IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPP. FROM POULTRY AND POULTRY PRODUCT IN KHARTOUM STATE- SUDAN
Authors: Tawfik Saeed Bushra , Aalaziz Musa Hassan , Mohammad Albadawi Adam Alfaki , Ibrahim Saeed Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

Salmonella, a genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae with over 2450 species, has been responsible for diseases ranging from typhoidal
salmonellosis to non- typhoidal salmonellosis. Several groups of antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, cephalosporin and
sulfonamides are used against Salmonella species. 27 Salmonella spp. were isolated out of 385samples from poultry carcasses, poultry products,
and from poultry environment in 2019-2022. These Salmonella were identied to their exact source, and some were serogrouped, serotyped, and
tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Food poultry samples tested included broilers poultry and poultry carcasses, poultry eggs, poultry water supply,
poultry feed stuff, and also samples were collected from poultry organs (liver, kidney, intestine, ovaries) All specimens were collected and
transfer to the food and water department at national health laboratoryfor isolation and identication of salmonella spp. Serogroups of the isolated
organisms were done by API20E method then byserology test usingpolyvalent and monovalent antisera and nally conrmed by polymerase chain
reaction.(PCR) which revealed 25 out of 27 isolates ofSalmonella spp.( 6.6%) The percentage of isolates were describe respectively as ows from
poultry carcass13(.52%), from feed stuffs 3(12%), from poultry intestine 3(12.%). from poultry water supply 3(12%), from local eggs 2 (8%) and
from broiler poultry1(4.0%) The conrmingorganisms revealedasS.enteritidis,S.typhimurim,S.arizona, s.pullorum,S.chlorasuis and
S.paratypi(c)lastly the isolates of salmonella species was carried out against antibiotics sensitivity test 9 different types of standardantibiotic
disc use against conforming isolateswhich were found sensitive to Ceftrixone , Cefotaxime, Kanamycin, and moderate sensitive to Ciprooxacin,
Chloromphenicol, and Co-trimexazole while appear resistant to Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and Ampicillin Many Salmonella species had
developed resistance to several antibiotics Some factors identied to contribute to the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistant-
Salmonella include; miss-used of antibiotics, used of antibiotics in agriculture, unregulated sales of antibiotics, inappropriate prescription and
dispensing practices, and poor hygiene practices (external or behavioral factors), A more radical approach and commitment from the policy makers
in health sector to solving problems emanating from .increasing spread of resistant Salmonella in different antimicrobials. The purpose of this
study was to isolate, and assess prevalence of Salmonella infection In poultry in Khartoum state from different poultry locations (farmers, broilers ,
factories)
Matrial And Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the poultry carcass of different eight factories, broiler poultry, also from water
supply and feed stuff of different poultry cultivation area and lastly from poultry products (liver, kidneys, intestine, ovaries, eggs)in sites of
Khartoum state in Sudan to an isolate and identify the prevalence of Salmonella infection in different type of poultry and poultry environment
(including feed stuff and water supply) buffer peptone water, tetrathionate and Rappaport vassiliadisbroth are use as preenrichment and selective
media forisolation and identication for salmonella spp.organism isolates of microorganism will be done by serological test using Commercial
antisera and biochemical test using APIE20, andnally conventional PCR method use as molecular conrmatory test
Results: The results showed that the maximum number percentage of different Salmonella species was recovered and which obtained as ows
respectively from raw and frozen poultry (49.8%), from feed stuff (16.6%), poultry organs (12.2%),water supply (9.9%), poultry products(6.6%),
broiler poultry(3.3%) In additionally six species of Salmonella were obtained from this study, namely: Salmonella typhimurium. S.enteritidis, S.
arizonae, S. pullorum, S. chlorasuis, and S. paratyphi©.
Conclusion: Poultry can be one of the most important food but still zoonotic disease risks exist. Human Salmonellosis from contact with live
poultry is a challenging, for health problem. Prevention requires an integrated one health approach including public health and animal health
ofcials collaborating with feed store industry and healthcare providers, veterinarians, and backyard ock owners. To dissolving and eradicate the
infection among population. Several factors such as misuse of antibiotics, use of antibiotics in agriculture, poor hygiene practices by hospitals and
individuals, unregulated sales of antibiotics and genetic factors affecting potentially in infections and transmission of Salmonella organisms
among community health and the efforts of collaboration with stockholder must be done to protect the public's health.