bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planning scope in second language sentence production: Do bilingual speakers plan ahead more in L1 than in L2?
Authors: Frinsel Felicity F. , Hartsuiker Robert J.
Published: February 2023

Language production is incremental in nature; we tend to plan linguistic chunks prior to articulating the first word of the utterance. Researchers have acquired knowledge about how far ahead sentences are generally planned, but mostly in monolinguals or the speaker's first language (Allum & Wheeldon, 2007; Martin, Crowther, Knight, Tamborello II, & Yang, 2010; Wagner, Jescheniak, & Schriefers, 2010). It is unclear whether the scope of planning is the same in bilinguals, or the speaker's second language. Here, we examined planning scope in Dutch–English bilinguals' sentence production using a paradigm that elicits descriptions of short animations. Analyses of speech onset times and articulation durations suggest that, on the surface, bilinguals have comparable planning scope in L1 and L2. However, in their L2, bilinguals extended their articulation duration, suggesting that they committed early to the initial noun phrase, but produced it more slowly to buy time to plan the next noun phrase.
The analgesic effect of low-dose radiotherapy in treating benign musculoskeletal painful disorders using different energies: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Abdelmaqsoud Ahmed , Vorotniak Natalia , Strauß Dirk , Hentschel Bettina
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

This retrospective cohort study tries to determine if there is a correlation between the effectiveness of low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) in treating painful inflammatory or degenerative musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and the applied radiotherapy energy.

Patients and Methods:

Between September 2019 and January 2020, a total of 91 patients with either painful inflammatory or degenerative MSDs were treated with LDRT. The inclusion criteria were patients older than 40 years with either painful inflammatory disorders such as epicondylitis humeri, plantar fasciitis or degenerative osteoarticular disorders of the wrist or ankle joints. All patients were treated with a single dose of 0·5 Gy and a total dose of 6·0 Gy (2 to 3 fractions weekly). Patients were divided into two groups. Orthovolt group was treated with 200 Kv, 15 mA and 1 mm copper filtration with different tubes according to the site to treatment using direct fields. The second group included patients treated with Linac machines with opposing fields using energies between 6 and 18 MV. The pain was evaluated before and on the last day of treatment and 4–6 months later using the Numerical Rating Scale.

Results:

91 patients compatible with the inclusion criteria were identified with a median of 60 years. The median duration of symptoms was 6 months. 46% of patients were males, and 54% were females. The Orthovolt group included 49% of the patients and the Megavoltage group 51%. Most of the patients (98%) were previously treated with other methods such as local corticosteroid injection, painkillers or physiotherapy. At the end of the treatment, 60% of the patient’s showed subjective pain relief and only 6% had a complete response. The follow-up conducted 4 to 6 months after the treatment showed that 65% of patients had a complete response and 8% had an improvement. The comparison between both studied groups shows that the used energy does not affect the response either at the end of the treatment or at the second control. The relationship between the aetiology and the early and late responses shows no difference in the early response but a better late response in patients suffering from inflammatory diseases with a p-value of 0·015. The response according to the treated location shows that patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle joint have a worse response in comparison to other examined joints and plantar fasciitis.

Conclusion:

LDRT is an effective analgesic treatment option for both inflammatory and degenerative MSDs. There is no difference in response according to the used energy, and most of the patients show late responses 4 to 6 months after the treatment.
Peanut response to 2,4-D plus glyphosate
Authors: Daramola Olumide S. , Kharel Prasanna , Iboyi Joseph E. , Devkota Pratap
Published: February 2023

The commercialization of crops that are resistant to 2,4-D plus glyphosate provided an opportunity to growers to apply the herbicide postemergence. However, the potential drift injury of these herbicides to peanuts grown near crops that are resistant to 2,4-D plus glyphosate is concerning. Field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate peanut response when exposed at 25, 50, and 75 d after planting (DAP) corresponding to vegetative, flowering, and pod development stages, respectively, to reduced rates of 1/512×, 1/128×, 1/32×, and 1/8× of the labeled rate of 2,4-D plus glyphosate (i.e., 1,077 + 1,132 g ae ha−1, respectively). 2,4-D plus glyphosate was more injurious to peanuts when exposed at 25 DAP compared with 50 and 75 DAP. Similarly, greater canopy height (12%) and canopy width (16%) reductions were observed at 25 DAP compared with 50 and 75 DAP exposure timings (3% to 9%). This result indicates that peanut is more sensitive to 2,4-D plus glyphosate exposure at the vegetative growth stage than at the flowering and pod development stages. However, yield reductions (13% to 16%) were not different between 25, 50, or 75 DAT exposure timings. Regression analysis indicated a linear response for peanut injury, canopy height, width, and yield reduction with an increasing rate of 2,4-D plus glyphosate. The highest rate of 2,4-D plus glyphosate (1/8× of the label rate) resulted in 38%, 22%, and 23% peanut injury, canopy height, and width reduction at 4 wk after treatment, and 33% yield reduction. There was a correlation between peanut injury and yield reduction, with Pearson’s rho values ranging from 0.70 to 0.73. The findings suggest that peanut injury rating data after 2,4-D plus glyphosate drift can be useful for estimating potential yield losses.
Using Citizen Voice to Evaluate Experiments on Politicians: A UK Survey Experiment
Authors: John Peter , Kim Kristina , Soto-Tamayo Luis
Published: February 2023

Experiments on the responsiveness of elected officials highlight the tension between the freedom to carry out research and the right of subjects to be treated with respect. Controversy emerges from the power of politicians to block or object to experimental designs using identity deception. One way to resolve this conundrum is to consult citizens who, as constituents of politicians, have an interest in promoting the accountability of elected representatives. Building on the work of Desposato and Naurin and Öhberg, this survey experiment presented research designs to UK citizens for their evaluation. The findings show that citizens strongly approve of experimental research on Members of Parliament (MPs) and are glad to see their representatives participate. There are no differences in support whether designs use identity deception, debriefing, confederates or pre-agreement from MPs. Linked to high interest in politics, more citizens are glad their MPs participate in studies using identity deception than those deploying confederates.
M2‐SCREAM: A Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura MLS Data With MERRA‐2 Transport
Authors: Wargan Krzysztof , Weir Brad , Manney Gloria L. , Cohn Stephen E. , Knowland K. Emma , Wales Pamela A. , Livesey Nathaniel J.
Published: February 2023

The MERRA‐2 Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (M2‐SCREAM) is a new reanalysis of stratospheric ozone, water vapor, hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) between 2004 and the present (with a latency of several months). The assimilated fields are provided at a 50‐km horizontal resolution and at a three‐hourly frequency. M2‐SCREAM assimilates version 4.2 Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) profiles of the five constituents alongside total ozone column from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. Dynamics and tropospheric water vapor are constrained by the MERRA‐2 reanalysis. The assimilated species are in excellent agreement with the MLS observations, except for HNO3in polar night, where data are not assimilated. Comparisons against independent observations show that the reanalysis realistically captures the spatial and temporal variability of all the assimilated constituents. In particular, the standard deviations of the differences between M2‐SCREAM and constituent mixing ratio data from The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer are much smaller than the standard deviations of the measured constituents. Evaluation of the reanalysis against aircraft data and balloon‐borne frost point hygrometers indicates faithful representations of small‐scale structures in the assimilated water vapor, HNO3and ozone fields near the tropopause. Comparisons with independent observations and a process‐based analysis of the consistency of the assimilated constituent fields with the MERRA‐2 dynamics and with large‐scale stratospheric processes demonstrate the utility of M2‐SCREAM for scientific studies of chemical and transport variability on time scales ranging from hours to decades. Analysis uncertainties and guidelines for data usage are provided.
The role of tropical waves in the genesis of Tropical Cyclone Seroja in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Latos Beata , Peyrillé Philippe , Lefort Thierry , Baranowski Dariusz B. , Flatau Maria K. , Flatau Piotr J. , Riama Nelly Florida , Permana Donaldi S. , Rydbeck Adam V. , Matthews Adrian J.
Published: February 2023

Tropical cyclone Seroja was one of the first tropical cyclones to significantly impact Indonesian land, and the strongest one in such close proximity to Timor Island. In April 2021 Seroja brought historic flooding to near-equatorial regions of Indonesia and East Timor, as well as impacting Western Australia. Here we show that the unusual near-equatorial cyclogenesis in close proximity to a land mass was due to “perfect storm” conditions associated with multiple wave interactions. Specifically, this was associated with enhanced equatorial convection on the leading edge of a Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) event. Within the MJO, the interaction between a convectively coupled equatorial Rossby wave and two convectively coupled Kelvin waves span up the initial vortex and accelerated cyclogenesis. On average, such favorable atmospheric conditions can occur once per year. These results indicate the potential for increased predictability of tropical cyclones over the Maritime Continent.
Investigation of social and cognitive predictors in non-transition ultra-high-risk’ individuals for psychosis using spiking neural networks
Authors: Doborjeh Zohreh , Doborjeh Maryam , Sumich Alexander , Singh Balkaran , Merkin Alexander , Budhraja Sugam , Goh Wilson , Lai Edmund M-K , Williams Margaret , Tan Samuel , Lee Jimmy , Kasabov Nikola
Published: February 2023

Finding predictors of social and cognitive impairment in non-transition Ultra-High-Risk individuals (UHR) is critical in prognosis and planning of potential personalised intervention strategies. Social and cognitive functioning observed in youth at UHR for psychosis may be protective against transition to clinically relevant illness. The current study used a computational method known as Spiking Neural Network (SNN) to identify the cognitive and social predictors of transitioning outcome. Participants (90 UHR, 81 Healthy Control (HC)) completed batteries of neuropsychological tests in the domains of verbal memory, working memory, processing speed, attention, executive function along with social skills-based performance at baseline and 4 × 6-month follow-up intervals. The UHR status was recorded as Remitters, Converters or Maintained. SNN were used to model interactions between variables across groups over time and classify UHR status. The performance of SNN was examined relative to other machine learning methods. Higher interaction between social and cognitive variables was seen for the Maintained, than Remitter subgroup. Findings identified the most important cognitive and social variables (particularly verbal memory, processing speed, attention, affect and interpersonal social functioning) that showed discriminative patterns in the SNN models of HC vs UHR subgroups, with accuracies up to 80%; outperforming other machine learning models (56–64% based on 18 months data). This finding is indicative of a promising direction for early detection of social and cognitive impairment in UHR individuals that may not anticipate transition to psychosis and implicate early initiated interventions to stem the impact of clinical symptoms of psychosis.
A distinction between Fritillaria Cirrhosa Bulbus and Fritillaria Pallidiflora Bulbus via LC–MS/MS in conjunction with principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis
Authors: Liu Chuanlan , Liu Simei , Tse Wai Ming , Tse Kathy Wai Gaun , Erbu Aga , Xiong Hai , Lanzi Gongga , Liu Yanyong , Ye Bengui
Published: February 2023

Fritillaria Cirrhosa Bulbus (known as chuanbeimu in Chinese, FCB) is one of the most used Chinese medicines for lung disease. However, a variety of substitutes have entered the market, with Fritillaria Pallidiflora Bulbus (FPB) being the most common. Due to their similarity in appearance, morphology, and chemical composition but a large price difference, the FCB has frequently been adulterated with the FPB, posing a serious challenge to the distinction and quality of the FCB. Therefore, we aimed to distinguish FCB and FPB based on their main nine isosteroidal alkaloid contents and test the potential of chemometrics as a discrimination approach for evaluating quality. The nine major isosteroidal alkaloids were measured using a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) approach in 41 batches of FCB and 17 batches of FPB. Additionally, they were categorized and distinguished using the methods of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Quantitative analysis revealed that the nine alkaloids were present in different amounts in the two types of Fritillariae bulbus. In FCB, the highest amount was peimisine (17.92–123.53 μg/g) and the lowest was delavine (0.42–29.18 μg/g), while in FPB, imperialine was higher (78.05–344.09 μg/g), but verticinone and verticine were less than the other seven alkaloids. The FCB and FPB were successfully classified and distinguished by the HCA and PCA. Taken together, the method has a good linear relationship (R2 > 0.9975). The LOD and LOQ of the nine alkaloids were in the range of 0.0651–0.6510 and 0.1953–1.9531 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision were shown to be excellent, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 1.63% and 2.39%, respectively. The LC–MS/MS method in conjunction with HCA and PCA can effectively differentiate FCB and FPB. It may be a promising strategy for quality evaluation and control at the FCB.
Automatic diagnosis of retention pseudocyst in the maxillary sinus on panoramic radiographs using a convolutional neural network algorithm
Authors: Ha Eun-Gyu , Jeon Kug Jin , Choi Hanseung , Lee Chena , Choi Yoon Joo , Han Sang-Sun
Published: February 2023

The evaluation of the maxillary sinus is very important in dental practice such as tooth extraction and implantation because of its proximity to the teeth, but it is not easy to evaluate because of the overlapping structures such as the maxilla and the zygoma on panoramic radiographs. When doom-shaped retention pseudocysts are observed in sinus on panoramic radiographs, they are often misdiagnosed as cysts or tumors, and additional computed tomography is performed, resulting in unnecessary radiation exposure and cost. The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning model that automatically classifies retention pseudocysts in the maxillary sinuses on panoramic radiographs. A total of 426 maxillary sinuses from panoramic radiographs of 213 patients were included in this study. These maxillary sinuses included 86 sinuses with retention pseudocysts, 261 healthy sinuses, and 79 sinuses with cysts or tumors. An EfficientDet model first introduced by Tan for detecting and classifying the maxillary sinuses was developed. The developed model was trained for 200 times on the training and validation datasets (342 sinuses), and the model performance was evaluated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity on the test dataset (21 retention pseudocysts, 43 healthy sinuses, and 20 cysts or tumors). The accuracy of the model for classifying retention pseudocysts was 81%, and the model also showed higher accuracy for classifying healthy sinuses and cysts or tumors (98% and 90%, respectively). One of the 21 retention pseudocysts in the test dataset was misdiagnosed as a cyst or tumor. The proposed model for automatically classifying retention pseudocysts in the maxillary sinuses on panoramic radiographs showed excellent diagnostic performance. This model could help clinicians automatically diagnose the maxillary sinuses on panoramic radiographs.
Advances in NK cell therapy for brain tumors
Authors: Fares Jawad , Davis Zachary B. , Rechberger Julian S. , Toll Stephanie A. , Schwartz Jonathan D. , Daniels David J. , Miller Jeffrey S. , Khatua Soumen
Published: February 2023

Despite advances in treatment regimens that comprise surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, outcome of many brain tumors remains dismal, more so when they recur. The proximity of brain tumors to delicate neural structures often precludes complete surgical resection. Toxicity and long-term side effects of systemic therapy remain a concern. Novel therapies are warranted. The field of NK cell-based cancer therapy has grown exponentially and currently constitutes a major area of immunotherapy innovation. This provides a new avenue for the treatment of cancerous lesions in the brain. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which the brain tumor microenvironment suppresses NK cell mediated tumor control, and the methods being used to create NK cell products that subvert immune suppression. We discuss the pre-clinical studies evaluating NK cell-based immunotherapies that target several neuro-malignancies and highlight advances in molecular imaging of NK cells that allow monitoring of NK cell-based therapeutics. We review current and ongoing NK cell based clinical trials in neuro-oncology.
Enhanced hexamerization of insulin via assembly pathway rerouting revealed by single particle studies
Authors: Bohr Freja , Bohr Søren S. -R. , Mishra Narendra Kumar , González-Foutel Nicolás Sebastian , Pinholt Henrik Dahl , Wu Shunliang , Nielsen Emilie Milan , Zhang Min , Kjaergaard Magnus , Jensen Knud J. , Hatzakis Nikos S.
Published: February 2023

Insulin formulations with diverse oligomerization states are the hallmark of interventions for the treatment of diabetes. Here using single-molecule recordings we firstly reveal that insulin oligomerization can operate via monomeric additions and secondly quantify the existence, abundance and kinetic characterization of diverse insulin assembly and disassembly pathways involving addition of monomeric, dimeric or tetrameric insulin species. We propose and experimentally validate a model where the insulin self-assembly pathway is rerouted, favoring monomeric or oligomeric assembly, by solution concentration, additives and formulations. Combining our practically complete kinetic characterization with rate simulations, we calculate the abundance of each oligomeric species from nM to mM offering mechanistic insights and the relative abundance of all oligomeric forms at concentrations relevant both for secreted and administrated insulin. These reveal a high abundance of all oligomers and a significant fraction of hexamer resulting in practically halved bioavailable monomer concentration. In addition to providing fundamental new insights, the results and toolbox presented here can be universally applied, contributing to the development of optimal insulin formulations and the deciphering of oligomerization mechanisms for additional proteins.
Metal–Chalcogenolates: Synthesis and Applications in Material Chemistry
Authors: Jain Vimal K. , Chauhan Rohit Singh
Published: February 2023

Metal chalcogenolate complexes have been known for a long time. These complexes exhibit rich and diverse structural chemistry and find numerous applications in widely different areas. Their utility as a single source molecular precursor for the design and synthesis of metal chalcogenides was quickly realized with the emergence of nano-science and nanotechnology in the 1990s. This chapter intends to cover synthetic approaches for the preparation of metal chalcogenolates and their applications in materials chemistry. Metal chalcogenolate precursor chemistry for both binary and ternary metal chalcogenides is discussed.
The Long Story of Ebselen: From about One Century of its Synthesis to Clinical Trials
Authors: Nogara Pablo A. , Pereira Meire E. , Oliveira Claudia S. , Orian Laura , da Rocha João B. T.
Published: February 2023

The first synthesis of Ebselen was nearly a full century ago, but despite several clinical trials with Ebselen, the therapeutic application of Ebselen is still uncertain. Nevertheless, it has very low toxicity and its broad activity in the modulation of the redox equilibrium indicates that Ebselen can be a multitarget therapeutic agent against human diseases. Here we will review nearly a dozen clinical trials with Ebselen to treat brain ischemia, cardiovascular problems associated with diabetes mellitus, noise-induced hearing loss, and bipolar disorder. The molecular events potentially mediating the effects of Ebselen will be discussed. The approved but still not initiated clinical trials (the studies are in the recruiting phase) to treat moderate and severe COVID-19 are highlighted.
Sulfur and Selenium in Nutrition Biology
Authors: Tommasini Maurizio
Published: February 2023

Sulfur and selenium have an important role in the biology of living systems. Sulfur amino acid and selenocysteine are incorporated in a large number of molecules, which act as essential components of major metabolic pathways. This chapter provides an overview of the nutrition biology, the dietary sources, the nutritional requirement, the effect of deficiency and excess, and the rationale behind the supplementation of sulfur and selenium for human health.
Optical properties of biomass burning aerosol during the 2021 Oregon fire season: comparison between wild and prescribed fires
Authors: Marsavin Andrey , van Gageldonk Ralph , Bernays Noah , May Nathaniel W. , Jaffe Daniel A. , Fry Juliane L.
Published: February 2023

The Mt. Bachelor Observatory was frequently impacted by biomass burning smoke in 2021, an extreme forest fire year in the state of Oregon.
Weight loss and abnormal lung inflammation in mice chronically exposed to secondary organic aerosols
Authors: Déméautis Tanguy , Bouyssi Alexandra , Geloen Alain , George Christian , Menotti Jean , Glehen Olivier , Devouassoux Gilles , Bentaher Abderrazzak
Published: February 2023

Chronic exposure to SOAs induces sex-dependent weight loss and abnormal inflammation.
Thermal hydrolysis of solid fraction reduces waste disposal and provides a substrate for anaerobic photobiological treatment of refinery wastewater
Authors: Jerez S. , San Martín J. , Ventura M. , Pariente M. I. , Segura Y. , Puyol D. , Molina R. , Melero J. A. , Martínez F.
Published: February 2023

In this study, a photoanaerobic PPB-based biological system for the treatment of refinery wastewater and oily sludge pretreated by thermal hydrolysis has been studied within the framework of sustainability.
Lamination of starch/polyesters by thermocompression for food packaging purposes
Authors: La Fuente Arias Carla I. , González-Martínez Chelo , Chiralt Amparo
Published: February 2023

Tri-layer films were obtained to produce laminates that better-fit food packaging requirements. Overall improvement of barrier and tensile properties of PLA–starch laminates with respect to the individual films regardless of the type of starch.
Iron-selenide-based titanium dioxide nanocomposites as a novel electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitors operating at 2.3 V
Authors: Ullah Shah Muhammad Zia , Hou Hongying , Sajjad Muhammad , Shah Muhammad Sanaullah , Safeen Kashif , Shah A.
Published: February 2023

This study portrays a facile wet-chemical synthesis of FeSe2/TiO2 nanocomposites for the first time for advanced asymmetric supercapacitor (SC) energy storage applications.
A multifunctional integrated carbon nanotubes/polyphenylene sulfide composite: preparation, properties and applications
Authors: Jia Lingpu , Hao Juan , Feng Qingliang , Li Huiming , Liu Kunping
Published: February 2023

Although great progress has been achieved in polyphenylene sulfide composites by the use of carbon nanotubes, the development of cost-efficient, well dispersive and multifunctional integrated PPS composites has yet to be achieved.
Cu2O/Co3O4nanoarrays for rapid quantitative analysis of hydrogen sulfide in blood
Authors: Lu Manli , Zhu Xiaomeng , Sun Haoming , Chen Huijuan , Xue Kaifeng , Du Lulu , Cui Liyuan , Zhang Pinhua , Wang Dongchao , Cui Guangliang
Published: February 2023

Cu2O/Co3O4nanoarrays can be considered as candidates for rapid quantitative analysis of hydrogen sulfide in blood.
A hydrangea-like nitrogen-doped ZnO/BiOI nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Chen Xiujuan , Du Shaobo , Gao Lei , Shao Kejin , Li Zhan , Liu Bin
Published: February 2023

The effectiveness of photocatalysts can be impacted by the high compounding efficiency of photogenerated carriers, which depends on the morphology of the photocatalyst.
Crystal growth of the 2D Janus rhodium chalcohalide RhSeCl
Authors: Nowak Domenic , Valldor Martin , Rubrecht Bastian , Froeschke Samuel , Eltoukhy Samar , Büchner Bernd , Hampel Silke , Gräßler Nico
Published: February 2023

Here, we report the discovery of the novel 2D Janus material RhSeCl.
Photocatalytic selective conversion of furfural to γ-butyrolactone through tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol intermediates over Pd NP decorated g-C3N4
Authors: Ghalta Rajat , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: February 2023

A sustainable strategy for valorisation of biomass-derived furfural into valuable chemicals and fuel (furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, and γ-butyrolactone) using a renewable energy source (sunlight) and LEDs.
Sustainable materials for renewable energy storage in the thermal battery
Authors: Piper Samantha L. , Forsyth Craig M. , Kar Mega , Gassner Callum , Vijayaraghavan R. , Mahadevan S. , Matuszek Karolina , Pringle Jennifer M. , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: February 2023

This work demonstrates the feasibility of aliphatic dicarbamate PCMs as inexpensive, stable and sustainable materials for the storage of renewable energy in the “Thermal Battery”.
TiVNb-based high entropy alloys as catalysts for enhanced hydrogen storage in nanostructured MgH2
Authors: Zhang Jingxi , Liu Huang , Zhou Chengshang , Sun Pei , Guo Xueyi , Fang Zhigang Zak
Published: February 2023

The superior catalytic activity of TiVNb-based high entropy alloys enhanced the reversible hydrogen storage and low-temperature hydrogenation properties of MgH2.
Promoting osmotic energy conversion through fluorinated nanochannel membranes with large-scale exfoliation and low transmission resistance
Authors: Ding Zhengmao , Gu Tiancheng , Sun Shouyi , Tang Gang , Zhang Hanli , Wang Teng , Luo Yunjun , Li Jinjin
Published: February 2023

A nanochannel, based on CF3 to break water clusters, achieves a record output power density of 4.10 W m−2 among clay generators.
Multi-mode enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy using aggregation-free hybrid metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles with intrinsic oxygen vacancies
Authors: Davison Gemma , Yin Yidan , Jones Tabitha , Parkin Ivan P. , Peveler William J. , Lee Tung-Chun
Published: February 2023

Un-aggregated plasmonic nanoparticles with a metal oxide coating display persistent enhanced Raman spectra in solution. Enhancement can be further boosted with UV-irradiation (PIERS) to detect nanomolar concentrations of explosive dinitrotoluene.
Carbon-rich macrocycles and carbon nanoribbons as unique optical materials
Authors: Shen Yun-Jia , Zhu Ke-Lin , Liang Jia-Qi , Sun Xin , Gong Han-Yuan
Published: February 2023

Carbon-rich macrocycles and carbon nanoribbons act as unusual optical materials in the free form or when combined with other guests.
Rapid controllable synthesis of branched Au superparticles: formation mechanism of toggling the growth mode and their applications in optical broadband absorption
Authors: Zhong Shichuan , Hang Lifeng , Wen Lulu , Zhang Tao , Cao An , Zeng Pan , Zhang Hanlin , Liu Dilong , Cai Weiping , Li Yue
Published: February 2023

We develop a tunable, ultra-fast (5 seconds) synthetic method to fabricate branched Au superparticles by a wet chemical route, the special growth mechanism of toggling the growth mode is revealed and confirmed.
Atomically dispersed Fe/Co dual site electrocatalysts derived from covalent triazine frameworks for boosting oxygen reduction
Authors: Dun Rongmin , He Xiang , Huang Jian , Wang Wei , Yiwei liu  , Li Linghao , Lu Bowen , Hua Zile , Shi Jianlin
Published: February 2023

The Fe/Co binary metal single-atom catalysts derived from a porous covalent triazine framework exhibit excellent oxygen reduction reactions.
Role of chain length in the physical properties and hydrophobicity of (CnH2n+1NH3)2PbX4 (n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16; X = Br and I) 2D metal halide perovskites
Authors: Anelli Camilla , Chiara Rossella , Morana Marta , Listorti Andrea , Armenise Vincenza , Colella Silvia , Albini Benedetta , Milanese Chiara , Medina Llamas Maria , Vigani Barbara , Quadrelli Paolo , Rossi Silvia , Galinetto Pietro , Malavasi Lorenzo
Published: February 2023

We report here the preparation and characterization of two families of RP 2D perovskites including linear monoammonium cations, namely (CnH2n+1NH3)2PbBr4 and (CnH2n+1NH3)2PbI4 with n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16.
Polar 2D hybrid perovskite crystals with intrinsic strong linear dichroism for polarization-sensitive and self-powered detection
Authors: Chen Yaoyao , Tang Liwei , Liu Yi , Yang Tian , Hua Lina , Zeng Xi , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua
Published: February 2023

By incorporating a brominated aromatic cation as an interlayered spacer, we have prepared a 2D polar hybrid perovskite for polarization-sensitive and self-powered photodetection.
Blockchain‐oriented location privacy preserving for cooperative spectrum sensing in 6G wireless networks
Authors: Vuppula Roopa , Pradhan Himansu Shekhar
Published: February 2023

In this article, the authors proposed a novel blockchain‐oriented location privacy‐preserving (BoLPP) for the Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) in 6G networks. In order to attain the sustainability of privacy and security for 6G wireless networks, it is a great challenge in this sensing as it faces various malicious attacks while the secondary user (SU) is active. To tackle these issues, the authors proposed a novel framework for blockchain‐oriented Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) for CSS using an energy detection technique. Moreover, the authors implemented another novel paradigm BoLPP, to attain the privacy of SUs location for CSS in 6G networks. This approach preserves the SUs’ location and makes the BoLPP framework immune to all malicious attackers. The simulation results have been undergone based on the performance metrics such as response time, consistency, probability of false alarm, frame loss (%), average network throughput, energy efficiency, and security. The outcomes reveal that the proposed scheme achieves high security, privacy, energy efficiency, average network throughput, and low probability of false alarm and frame loss (%) when compared with the existing frameworks such as Friend or Foe (FoF) and Tidal Trust Algorithm (TTA) mechanisms. It is observed that the proposed BoLPP mechanism provides better security and privacy in 6G wireless networks.
Observer‐based adaptive emotional command‐filtered backstepping for cooperative control of input‐saturated uncertain strict‐feedback multi‐agent systems
Authors: Parsa Pooya , Akbarzadeh‐T Mohammad‐Reza , Baghbani Fahimeh
Published: February 2023

This paper introduces a distributed observer‐based emotional command‐filtered backstepping (DOECFB) approach for leader‐following cooperative output‐feedback control of heterogenous strict‐feedback multi‐agent systems (MAS) under mismatched uncertainties and input saturation. A novel state observer is designed based on radial‐basis emotional neural networks (RBENNs) that approximate uncertainties of model dynamics. To model inter‐agent dynamics with less complexity, emotion‐inspired approximated dynamics are shared among neighbouring followers, like emotional contagion in a group of people. An auxiliary system is also used to attenuate input saturation's negative effect on the cooperative tracking performance. Also, command filters and compensating signals are applied to avoid the ‘explosion of complexity’ in the backstepping design. Only local information from other agents is required for the proposed approach to guarantee convergence of the cooperative tracking error to a small region around zero and cooperatively semi‐globally uniformly ultimately boundedness of closed‐loop signals. Simulation examples on a second‐order uncertain MAS and multiple forced‐damped pendulums are conducted, and quantitative comparisons verify the effectiveness of DOECFB and the proposed observer.
Intelligent energy management scheme‐based coordinated control for reducing peak load in grid‐connected photovoltaic‐powered electric vehicle charging stations
Authors: Amir Mohammad , Zaheeruddin  , Haque Ahteshamul , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Kurukuru V. S. Bharath , Sedighizadeh Mostafa
Published: February 2023

Solar‐based Distributed Generation (DG) powered Electric Vehicles (EVs) charging stations are widely adopted nowadays in the power system networks. In this process, the distribution grid faces various challenges caused by intermittent solar irradiance, peak EVs load, while controlling the state of charge (SoC) of batteries during dis(charging) phenomena. In this paper, an intelligent energy management scheme (IEMS)‐based coordinated control for photovoltaic (PV)‐based EVs charging stations is proposed. The proposed IEMS optimizes the PV generation and grid power utilization for EV charging stations (EVCS) by analysing real‐time meteorological and load demand data. The coordinated control of EMS provides power flow between PV generation, distribution grid, and EVs battery storage in a manner which results in the reduction of peak power demand by a factor of two. Further, the adaptive neuro‐based fuzzy control approach includes forecasting solar‐based electricity generation and EVs loads demand predictions to optimize IEMS according to the Indian power scenario. The proposed IEMS optimally utilizes the buffer batteries system for reducing the peak electricity demand with low system losses and reducing the impact of EVs charging load on distribution grid. The results are analysed using the digital simulation model and validated with real‐time hardware‐in‐loop experimental setup.
WEAVE-StePS: A stellar population survey using WEAVE at WHT
Authors: Iovino A. , Poggianti B. M. , Mercurio A. , Longhetti M. , Bolzonella M. , Busarello G. , Gullieuszik M. , La Barbera F. , Merluzzi P. , Morelli L. , Tortora C. , Vergani D. , Zibetti S. , Haines C. P. , Costantin L. , Ditrani F. R. , Pozzetti L. , Angthopo J. , Balcells M. , Bardelli S. , Benn C. R. , Bianconi M. , Cassarà L. P. , Corsini E. M. , Cucciati O. , Dalton G. , Ferré-Mateu A. , Fossati M. , Gallazzi A. , García-Benito R. , Granett B. , González Delgado R. M. , Ikhsanova A. , Iodice E. , Jin S. , Knapen J. H. , McGee S. , Moretti A. , Murphy D. N. A. , Peralta de Arriba L. , Pizzella A. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Spiniello C. , Talia M. , Trager S. C. , Vazdekis A. , Vulcani B. , Zucca E.
Published: February 2023

Context.The upcoming new generation of optical spectrographs on four-meter-class telescopes will provide valuable opportunities for forthcoming galaxy surveys through their huge multiplexing capabilities, excellent spectral resolution, and unprecedented wavelength coverage.

Aims.WEAVE is a new wide-field spectroscopic facility mounted on the 4.2 mWilliam HerschelTelescope in La Palma. WEAVE-StePS is one of the five extragalactic surveys that will use WEAVE during its first five years of operations. It will observe galaxies using WEAVE MOS (∼950 fibres distributed across a field of view of ∼3 square degrees on the sky) in low-resolution mode (R ∼ 5000, spanning the wavelength range 3660 − 9590 Å).

Methods.WEAVE-StePS will obtain high-quality spectra (S/N ∼ 10 Å−1atR ∼ 5000) for a magnitude-limited (IAB = 20.5) sample of ∼25 000 galaxies, the majority selected atz ≥ 0.3. The survey goal is to provide precise spectral measurements in the crucial interval that bridges the gap between LEGA-C and SDSS data. The wide area coverage of ∼25 square degrees will enable us to observe galaxies in a variety of environments. The ancillary data available in each of the observed fields (including X-ray coverage, multi-narrow-band photometry and spectroscopic redshift information) will provide an environmental characterisation for each observed galaxy.

Results.This paper presents the science case of WEAVE-StePS, the fields to be observed, the parent catalogues used to define the target sample, and the observing strategy that was chosen after a forecast of the expected performance of the instrument for our typical targets.

Conclusions.WEAVE-StePS will go back further in cosmic time than SDSS, extending its reach to encompass more than ∼6 Gyr. This is nearly half of the age of the Universe. The spectral and redshift range covered by WEAVE-StePS will open a new observational window by continuously tracing the evolutionary path of galaxies in the largely unexplored intermediate-redshift range.
Investigation on the pitting corrosion properties of welded joints of bimetal composite pipe
Authors: Liu Liangwen , Li Yang , Zhang Xianjv , Wang Jingyi , Huang Junjie , Li Yongdu , Lv Zhizhong , Yang Mei
Published: February 2023

A bimetallic composite pipe butt joint was prepared by automatic gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The microstructure and pitting properties of the joint were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the joint is columnar crystal, columnar dendrite, and equiaxial crystal. Mo, Nb, and Cr segregate in joint and form Laves and NbC precipitates in the interdendritic. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) becomes the preferred region for pitting due to recrystallization behavior and large and continuous Laves, this was demonstrated by both immersion corrosion and electrochemical experiments. To better understand the pitting behavior of the joint, this study discusses the mechanism of passive film rupture and pitting development, and uses electrolytic corrosion by Nital to simulate the morphology of the initial corrosion pits around the Laves phase.
Microstructure, physical, tensile and wear behaviour of B4C particles reinforced Al7010 alloy composites
Authors: Mydur Kotresha , S. Mahendra Kumar , Nagaral Madeva , Auradi Virupaxi , V. Bharath , T.A. Sudarshan
Published: February 2023

In the present study looked into how incorporating B4C particles with a size range of 20–25 microns would affect the mechanical, wear and physical properties of composites made from Al7010 alloy. The stir cast method accounted for of the total production of B4C composites. Different mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile behaviour, wear and density, were measured and analysed for these synthetic composites. Microstructure was characterised by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the distribution and phases of particles smaller than a micron. Wear tests were conducted on all the samples at varying loads and speeds. Hardness and tensile strength of Al7010 alloy were improved by adding B4C particles sized 20–25 microns, with only a minor decrease in elongation. Further, as B4C particles accumulated, the density of the Al7010 alloy decreased. SEM examination revealed a wide range of fracture behaviours upon tensile stress. Load and sliding speeds affected the wear behaviour of Al7010 alloy and its composites.
Implementation Fidelity of Chatbot Screening for Social Needs: Acceptability, Feasibility, Appropriateness
Authors: Langevin Raina , Berry Andrew B. L. , Zhang Jinyang , Fockele Callan E. , Anderson Layla , Hsieh Dennis , Hartzler Andrea , Duber Herbert C. , Hsieh Gary
Published: February 2023

Objectives Patient and provider-facing screening tools for social determinants of health have been explored in a variety of contexts; however, effective screening and resource referral remain challenging, and less is known about how patients perceive chatbots as potential social needs screening tools. We investigated patient perceptions of a chatbot for social needs screening using three implementation outcome measures: acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness.

Methods We implemented a chatbot for social needs screening at one large public hospital emergency department (ED) and used concurrent triangulation to assess perceptions of the chatbot use for screening. A total of 350 ED visitors completed the social needs screening and rated the chatbot on implementation outcome measures, and 22 participants engaged in follow-up phone interviews.

Results The screened participants ranged in age from 18 to 90 years old and were diverse in race/ethnicity, education, and insurance status. Participants (n = 350) rated the chatbot as an acceptable, feasible, and appropriate way of screening. Through interviews (n = 22), participants explained that the chatbot was a responsive, private, easy to use, efficient, and comfortable channel to report social needs in the ED, but wanted more information on data use and more support in accessing resources.

Conclusion In this study, we deployed a chatbot for social needs screening in a real-world context and found patients perceived the chatbot to be an acceptable, feasible, and appropriate modality for social needs screening. Findings suggest that chatbots are a promising modality for social needs screening and can successfully engage a large, diverse patient population in the ED. This is significant, as it suggests that chatbots could facilitate a screening process that ultimately connects patients to care for social needs, improving health and well-being for members of vulnerable patient populations.
Amide N–C Bond Activation: A Graphical Overview of Acyl and Decarbonylative Coupling
Authors: Liu Chengwei , Szostak Michal
Published: February 2023

This Graphical Review provides an overview of amide bond activation achieved by selective oxidative addition of the N–C(O) acyl bond to transition metals and nucleophilic acyl addition, resulting in acyl and decarbonylative coupling, together with key mechanistic details pertaining to amide bond distortion underlying this reactivity manifold.
Presurgical Perspective and Postsurgical Evaluation of Tibial Pilon Fractures
Authors: Piña-Rivas Alexandra , Mut-Pons Raul , Llopis Eva
Published: February 2023

Tibial pilon fractures represent only a small percentage of all fractures of the lower limb. But they are a feared entity, both for the interpreting radiologist and the treating surgeon and, ultimately, for the patient because they involve the weight-bearing area of the joint and often have associated soft tissue injury. These factors make them technically challenging, with poor clinical and functional results in many patients, even when a perfect joint reduction is achieved. Presurgical evaluation with computed tomography and individualized staged management is critical for the prognosis, a definitive treatment strategy, and the prevention of future complications.
Presurgical Perspective and Postsurgical Evaluation of the Plantar Fascia
Authors: Beltran Luis S.
Published: February 2023

The plantar fascia is an important structure in the foot that acts as a major stabilizer of the longitudinal arch, along with the midfoot ligaments and intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. It is composed predominantly of longitudinally oriented collagen fibers that vary in thickness and are organized into bundles closely associated with the interstitial tissues of the foot. This composition enables the plantar fascia to withstand the weight-bearing forces concentrated on the foot while standing, jumping, walking, or running. This article discusses the normal anatomy and the various pathologies that affect the plantar fascia with an emphasis on presurgical and postoperative appearances on magnetic resonance and ultrasonography imaging.
Presurgical Perspective and Postsurgical Evaluation of Morton's Neuroma and Other Nerve Lesions
Authors: Zanetti Marco , Saupe Nadja
Published: February 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a robust method used for both preoperative and postoperative evaluation of Morton's neuroma and other neural lesions. MRI is used to confirm the diagnosis and for precise localization, estimation of outcome, and differential diagnoses. The differential diagnoses include mechanically induced plantar plate ruptures with associated Morton's neuroma–like tumors in the intermetatarsal/interdigital spaces; mechanical fibrosis cushion formations and pseudo bursae in the plantar foot adipose tissue; rheumatologic affections, such as rheumatoid nodules, gouty nodules, and intermetatarsal bursitis; and lastly the tenosynovial giant cell tumor (formerly called pigmented villonodular synovitis). In the postoperative evaluation after resection of Morton's neuroma, the same differential diagnoses must be considered as in the preoperative evaluation. Similarly, a high prevalence (up to 25%) of asymptomatic Morton's neuroma–like findings in the intermetatarsal and interdigital spaces should be kept in mind when interpreting postoperative recurrent forefoot pain after Morton's neuroma resection.
Presurgical Perspective and Posttreatment Evaluation of Soft Tissue Tumors of the Ankle and Foot in Adults
Authors: Noebauer-Huhmann Iris-Melanie , Grieser Thomas , Panotopoulos Joannis , Dieckmann Karin , Lalam Radhesh K. , Bloem Johan L. , Weber Marc-André
Published: February 2023

This article discusses soft tissue tumors of the ankle and foot region in adults, including tumors of the joints, and also briefly addresses tumor-simulating lesions. We offer general recommendations and describe specific aspects of common entities in that region, such as typical imaging appearance, therapeutic strategies, and posttherapeutic considerations. Focal masses and diffuse swelling are common in the foot and ankle region; most of them are non-neoplastic. Some of the tumors, such as plantar fibromatosis, tenosynovial giant cell tumor, synovial chondromatosis, or schwannoma, have a very typical appearance on magnetic resonance imaging. Sarcomas are rare among true soft tissue tumors; however, they can be small and well demarcated, may grow slowly, and are often misinterpreted as benign. This is especially true for synovial sarcoma, one of the most common sarcomas in this region. Densely packed tissues in the foot and ankle may hamper determining the tissue of origin. Adherence to diagnostic guidelines and cooperation with tumor centers is crucial including for posttherapeutic surveillance. We also describe typical posttherapeutic changes and complications after surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, as well as parameters for the detection and exclusion of recurrence of soft tissue tumors of the ankle and foot.
DKG-Umfrage: Notaufnahmen am Limit
Authors: Hollmig Luisa-Maria
Published: February 2023

Die Lage in den Notaufnahmen ist „äußerst schwierig“ – so das Ergebnis einer Blitzumfrage des Deutschen Krankenhausinstituts (DKI) für die Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft (DKG). Nicht nur der Personalmangel, sondern auch die wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen machen den Krankenhäusern zu schaffen.
Neues Verpackungsgesetz: Wie Krankenhäuser die Mehrwegpflicht lösen
Authors: Engberg Anna
Published: February 2023

Krankenhaus-Cafeterien und -Bistros müssen seit Januar 2023 auch Mehrwegverpackungen anbieten. Welche Kliniken welche Mehrwegsysteme nutzen und wie die Umstellung gelungen ist, berichtet kma an dieser Stelle.