bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of rat uterine serine proteinases homologous to mouse implantation serine proteinase 2
Authors: Oozono Shinji , Yamauchi Nobuhiko , Nishimura Kyohei , Matsumoto Kenji , Watanabe Ryo , Kubota Kaiyu , Aramaki Shinya , Sato Fuminori , Wood Chris , Soh Tomoki , Kizaki Kei‐Ichirou , Hattori Masa‐Aki
Published: October 2008

Implantation serine protease (ISP) was first identified in the uteri of pregnant mice. It is thought that ISP may have an important role in the initiation of implantation. However, the expression status and detailed functions of ISP remain unclear. In this study, the expression of ISP was investigated in the rat uterus. The analysis of two rat genes registered in GenBank, accession nos. XM_220240 and XM_577076, exhibited high identities to the mouse ISP2 genes, respectively at an mRNA level. We labeled the former as rISP2a and the latter as rISP2b. Using RT‐PCR, we found that both genes were expressed in the uterus. Specifically, rISP2a mRNA was detected in the uterus throughout pregnancy, whereas rISP2b mRNA was only expressed in the uterus from day 5 of pregnancy until the end of gestation. Expression of both genes was observed specifically within the endometrial gland epithelium. Furthermore, rISP2a was also observed to be expressed in the fetus and placenta, whereas rISP2b expression was observed in the fetus but not in the placenta. An expressional signal of the rISP2a gene was observed in the spongiotrophoblasts, giant cells and decidual endometrium in the placenta. In the embryo, the ventral specific region was positive in rISP2a and rISP2b gene expression. These findings indicate the possibility that the presently examined genes with high identity to mouse ISP2 may play some role not only during the implantation phase, but also in the development of the placenta and embryo. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:642–649, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular studies of rheumatoid factor using pseudobioaffinity membrane chromatography
Authors: Kamalanathan A. S. , Vijayalakshmi M. A.
Published: October 2008

Using pseudobioaffinity ligand L‐histidine immobilized to poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol) hollow fiber membrane is an interesting approach for the purification of total IgG and its subclasses from untreated serum in a single step. Gentle adsorption and elution conditions of this chromatography system allow efficient recovery of the protein in its native form. This approach was employed for the recovery and molecular study of rheumatoid factor (RF), an anti‐IgG autoantibody (AAb) that form immune complexes with autologous IgG Abs in the sera. The purity of the recovered molecule was analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), revealed a 150‐kDa IgG band and an additional ∼300 kDa band which may be RF bound IgG complex. Since RF is an AAb, the purified protein was studied for its catalytic functions like peptide, DNA, and RNA hydrolyzing activities. The substrate Pro‐Phe‐Arg‐4‐methyl‐coumaryl‐7‐amide (PFR‐MCA) hydrolyzing activity by total IgG from different patient sera was found to be greater than healthy controls. In an effort to identify the subclass specificity for the proteolytic function, the pre‐purified total IgG fractions from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera were subjected to rechromatography using a discriminating buffer. In this experiment, the activity was found in the non‐retained fractions suggesting IgG2 specificity for the catalytic function. A comparative study between different catalytic functions was performed for IgG separated from individual patient. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA breakage and induction of DNA damage response proteins precede the appearance of visible mutant huntingtin aggregates
Authors: Illuzzi Jennifer , Yerkes Sarah , Parekh‐Olmedo Hetal , Kmiec Eric B.
Published: October 2008

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that follows an autosomal‐dominant inheritance pattern. The pathogenesis of the disease depends on the degree of expansion of triplet (CAG) repeats located in the first exon on the gene. An expanded polyglutamine tract within the protein huntingtin (Htt) enables a gain‐of‐function phenotype that is often exhibited by a dysfunctional oligomerization process and the formation of protein aggregates. How this process leads to neurodegeneration remains undefined. We report that expression of a Htt‐fragment containing an expanded glutamine tract induces DNA damage and activates the DNA damage response pathway. Both single‐strand and double‐strand breaks are observed as the mutant protein accumulates in the cell; these breaks precede the appearance of detectable protein aggregates containing mutant Htt. We also observe activation of H2AX, ATM, and p53 in cells expressing mutant Htt, a predictable response in cells containing chromosomal breakage. Expression of wild‐type Htt does not affect the integrity of DNA, nor does it activate the same pathway. Furthermore, DNA damage and activated H2AX are present in HD transgenic mice before the formation of mutant Htt aggregates and HD pathogenesis. Taken together, our data suggest that the expression of mutant Htt causes an accumulation of DNA breaks that activates the DNA damage response pathway, a process that can disable cell function. Because these events can lead to apoptosis, it is possible that the DNA damage response pathway activated by single‐ and double‐strand breaks that we found contributes to neurodegeneration. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence in dtsz mutant hamsters reflects differences in striatal metabolism between severe and mild dystonia
Authors: Hamann Melanie , Richter Angelika , Fink Heidrun , Rex André
Published: October 2008

The dtsz mutant hamster represents a unique rodent model of idiopathic paroxysmal dystonia. Previous data, collected post‐mortem or in anesthetized hamsters under basal conditions, indicated the critical involvement of enhanced striatal neuronal activity. To assess the importance of an enhanced striatal neuronal activity directly during a dystonic episode, continuous monitoring of changes in brain metabolism and therefore neuronal activity indirectly in awake, freely moving animals is necessary. Determination of CNS metabolism by NADH measurement by laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy in conscious dtsz and nondystonic control hamsters revealed reversible decreased NADH fluorescence during dystonic episodes. The degree of change corresponded to the severity of dystonia. This study represents the first application of this innovative method in freely moving animals exhibiting a movement disorder. Our data clearly confirm that the expression of paroxysmal dystonia in dtsz mutant hamsters is associated with enhanced striatal neuronal activity and further underscore the versatile application of NADH fluorescence measurements in neuroscience. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel common single primer multiplex polymerase chain reaction (CSP‐M‐PCR) method for the identification of animal species in minced meat
Authors: Xu Wentao , Bai Weibin , Luo Yunbo , Yuan Yanfang , Zhang Wei , Guo Xing , Huang Kunlun
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: Minced meat species adulteration is a severe problem. In this study a common single primer multiplex polymerase chain reaction (CSP‐M‐PCR) method was applied to the identification of five species (chicken, cattle, sheep, pig and horse) in minced meat products. CSP was designed as a common adapter at the 5′‐end of species‐specific reverse primers and employed in giving different length fragments from the respective meat species.

RESULTS: Species‐specific DNA fragments could be identified in a single PCR reaction by mixing CSP, Chicken‐R, Cattle‐R, Sheep‐R, Pig‐R and Horse‐R primers in the ratio 1:0.01:0.01:0.01:0.01:0.10 (where ‘1’ represents 0.5 mmol L−1). The specific DNA fragments could be efficiently amplified by CSP‐M‐PCR with > 5 µmol L−1 species‐specific primers, except for 50 µmol L−1 Horse‐R. A detection limit of 0.5 g kg−1 was determined for both single species of minced meat and all species of five kinds of minced meat.

CONCLUSION: The CSP‐M‐PCR method simplified the PCR reaction system and removed the inconsistent amplification efficiency from different primers. This highly sensitive, reproducible and rapid method could potentially be used as a screening or identifying assay to test for the presence of species or ingredients in minced meat and other meat products. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Free flap failure secondary to dual thrombophilia
Authors: Davis Michael Robert , Shell Daniel Huff , Marques Marisa , Long James Neal
Published: October 2008

Much has been learned over the past several decades regarding thrombophilic conditions. Thrombotic complications, such as deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, myocardial infarction, and stroke, are sometimes attributed to a diagnosable thrombophilia. Less has been written with regard to their effect on reconstructive outcomes. Fortunately, it is rare to encounter a notable intraoperative thrombophilia while performing reconstructive microsurgery. When this does occur, salvage can be difficult and outcome can be compromised. It is imperative that microsurgeons be knowledgeable of both major and minor thrombogenic conditions to optimize intraoperative outcome and postoperative care. We present a case of a failed free flap for lower extremity reconstruction associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in conjunction with markedly elevated Factor VIII levels. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Creation of a four‐joint‐digit after second toe to digit transplantation: Restoration of form and function
Authors: Brooks Darrell , Buntic Rudolf F. , De Jesus Ramon
Published: October 2008

The authors describe the non‐orthotopic insertion of an Ascension two‐piece pyrocarbon proximal interphalangeal joint at the osteosynthesis level of bilateral toe‐to‐digit transplantations in an attempt to restore both anatomic length and composite fist formation after traumatic multidigit loss. The non‐orthotopic joints provided an additional 30 and 35 degrees of stable flexion to the reconstructed index and longs digits enabling the patient to form a composite fist. There was no evidence of joint instability or loosening. Total active motion was 240 and 235 degrees at the index and long fingers, respectively. Creation of two four joint fingers by the addition of non‐orthotopic joints in toe‐to‐digit reconstructions successfully restored form and function after multidigit loss. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Investigation of metabolite changes in the transition from pre‐invasive to invasive cervical cancer measured using 1H and 31P magic angle spinning MRS of intact tissue
Authors: De Silva Sonali S. , Payne Geoffrey S. , Thomas Valerie , Carter Paul G. , Ind Thomas E. J. , deSouza Nandita M.
Published: October 2008

The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic changes in the transition from pre‐invasive to invasive cervical cancer using high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) MRS. Biopsy specimens were obtained from women with histologically normal cervix (n = 5), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN; mild, n = 5; moderate/severe, n = 40), and invasive cancer (n = 23). 1H HR‐MAS MRS data were acquired using a Bruker Avance 11.74 T spectrometer (Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill sequence; TR = 4.8 s; TE = 135 ms; 512 scans; 41 min acquisition). 31P HR‐MAS spectra were obtained from the normal subjects and cancer patients only (as acetic acid applied before tissue sampling in patients with CIN impaired spectral quality) using a 1H‐decoupled pulse‐acquire sequence (TR = 2.82 s; 2048 scans; 96 min acquisition). Peak assignments were based on values reported in the literature. Peak areas were measured using the AMARES algorithm. Estimated metabolite concentrations were compared between patient diagnostic categories and tissue histology using independent samples t tests. Comparisons based on patient category at diagnosis showed significantly higher estimated concentrations of choline (P = 0.0001) and phosphocholine (P = 0.002) in tissue from patients with cancer than from patients with high‐grade dyskaryosis, but no differences between non‐cancer groups. Division by histology of the sample also showed increases in choline (P = 0.002) and phosphocholine (P = 0.002) in cancer compared with high‐grade CIN tissue. Phosphoethanolamine was increased in cancer compared with normal tissue (P = 0.0001). Estimated concentrations of alanine (P = 0.01) and creatine (P = 0.008) were significantly reduced in normal tissue from cancer patients compared with normal tissue from non‐cancer patients. The estimated concentration of choline was significantly increased in CIN tissue from cancer patients compared with CIN tissue from non‐cancer patients (P = 0.0001). Estimated concentrations of choline‐containing metabolites increased from pre‐invasive to invasive cervical cancer. Concurrent metabolite depletion occurs in normal tissue adjacent to cancer tissue. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of an inverse molecular design algorithm in a model binding site
Authors: Huggins David J. , Altman Michael D. , Tidor Bruce
Published: October 2008

Computational molecular design is a useful tool in modern drug discovery. Virtual screening is an approach that docks and then scores individual members of compound libraries. In contrast to this forward approach, inverse approaches construct compounds from fragments, such that the computed affinity, or a combination of relevant properties, is optimized. We have recently developed a new inverse approach to drug design based on the dead‐end elimination and A* algorithms employing a physical potential function. This approach has been applied to combinatorially constructed libraries of small‐molecule ligands to design high‐affinity HIV‐1 protease inhibitors (Altman et al., J Am Chem Soc 2008;130:6099–6013). Here we have evaluated the new method using the well‐studied W191G mutant of cytochrome c peroxidase. This mutant possesses a charged binding pocket and has been used to evaluate other design approaches. The results show that overall the new inverse approach does an excellent job of separating binders from nonbinders. For a few individual cases, scoring inaccuracies led to false positives. The majority of these involve erroneous solvation energy estimation for charged amines, anilinium ions, and phenols, which has been observed previously for a variety of scoring algorithms. Interestingly, although inverse approaches are generally expected to identify some but not all binders in a library, due to limited conformational searching, these results show excellent coverage of the known binders while still showing strong discrimination of the nonbinders. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
QoI resistance emerged independently at least 4 times in European populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola
Authors: Torriani Stefano FF , Brunner Patrick C , McDonald Bruce A , Sierotzki Helge
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: QoI fungicides or quinone outside inhibitors (also called strobilurins) have been widely used to control agriculturally important fungal pathogens since their introduction in 1996. Strobilurins block the respiration pathway by inhibiting the cytochrome bc1 complex in mitochondria. Several plant pathogenic fungi have developed field resistance. The first QoI resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroter was detected retrospectively in UK in 2001 at a low frequency in QoI‐treated plots. During the following seasons, resistance reached high frequencies across northern Europe. The aim of this study was to identify the main evolutionary forces driving the rapid emergence and spread of QoI resistance in M. graminicola populations.

RESULTS: The G143A mutation causing QoI resistance was first detected during 2002 in all tested populations and in eight distinct mtDNA sequence haplotypes. By 2004, 24 different mtDNA haplotypes contained the G143A mutation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strobilurin resistance was acquired independently through at least four recurrent mutations at the same site of cytochrome b. Estimates of directional migration rates showed that the majority of gene flow in Europe had occurred in a west‐to‐east direction.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that recurring mutations independently introduced the QoI resistance allele into different genetic and geographic backgrounds. The resistant haplotypes then increased in frequency owing to the strong fungicide selection and spread eastward through wind dispersal of ascospores. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy of systemic insecticides on the gall wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae in wiliwili trees (Erythrina spp.)
Authors: Xu Ting , Jacobsen Christopher M , Hara Arnold H , Li Ji , Li Qing X
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND: Erythrina gall wasp (EGW), Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, was first found on Oahu Island, Hawaii, in April 2005. Its rapid spread and infestation in wiliwili trees (Erythrina spp.) have brought an urgent need to suppress its population. Little is known about the control of EGW in wiliwili trees.

RESULTS: Among the systemic insecticides abamectin, dinotefuran and imidacloprid, applied via trunk injections or soil drenches, injections of imidacloprid showed better control of EGW in wiliwili trees. All the imidacloprid injection treatments had varying levels of effectiveness against EGW, but not the soil drench. The levels of imidacloprid were higher in lower canopies than those in the other parts within a tree. Imidacloprid remained detectable 1 year after treatment. The trees injected with the products IMA‐jet and Merit 200 SL via Arborjet had lower infestation severity ratings for the entire growth season and carried more imidacloprid than those with Imicide via Mauget or Pointer via Wedgle injections.

CONCLUSION: The results indicate that, among the three insecticides tested, imidacloprid is most effective against EGW in the trees. Concentrations of imidacloprid in the leaves need to be 4 mg kg−1 or higher for good EGW control. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression and atherogenic risk factor apolipoprotein B100 secretion by tanshinone IIA in HepG2 cells
Authors: Kang Yun‐Jeong , Jin Un‐Ho , Chang Hyen‐Wook , Son Jong‐Keun , Lee Seung Ho , Son Kun‐Ho , Chang Young‐Chae , Lee Young‐Choon , Kim Cheorl‐Ho
Published: October 2008

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is known to be effective for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we have isolated tanshinone IIA (T‐IIA) from S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. The aim of this study is to address the mechanisms where apolipoprotein B‐100 (ApoB) regulation is associated with T‐IIA, since T‐IIA regulates the lipoprotein metabolism in liver cells. Human HepG2 cells treated with T‐IIA for 24 h exerted a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on ApoB secretion together with triglyceride. However, another secretory protein, albumin, was unaffected by T‐IIA treatment, indicating that the effect of T‐IIA is specific for ApoB secretion. T‐IIA decreased the transcription level of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene, suggesting that lipoprotein assembly is likely to be involved in the inhibited ApoB secretion. Interestingly, T‐IIA inhibited ApoB secretion via a proteasome‐dependent pathway. Our results suggest that T‐IIA is an influential inhibitor of ApoB secretion and triglyceride secretion in liver cells. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obituary – Chester J. Mackson
Authors: Harte Bruce , Twede Diana
Published: October 2008

Chester J. Mackson, PhD., former Director of the School of Packaging, Michigan State University (MSU), died on May 21 at the age of 88. He was Director of the School from 1977 to 1986 during one of the School's most expansive, successful periods.

Dr. Mackson's vision led to a much expanded school in terms of staffing and student numbers, and in programs and international prominence. During his time as Director, he hired many of the faculty currently on staff and laid the foundation for the broadened programmatic mission that we enjoy today. Chet was instrumental in the building expansion that added several world‐class labs, a conference room and faculty offices. Prior to this, faculty had been housed in two buildings that he felt did not create a good work environment. Today the School is well known both on and off campus for its harmonious work environment and team attitude.

Internationally, Chet was very proactive, perhaps a little surprising for a small town boy from Michigan's Upper Peninsula. He was one of the pioneers and long‐time board members of the International Association of Packaging Research Institutes (IAPRI). IAPRI is now a thriving association made up of member organizations from all around the world; its recent 16th World Conference was held in Bangkok, Thailand. Chet was the organizer of the 4th World Conference in Lansing, Michigan. It was the first one held outside of Europe and remains one of the most successful. Together with Frank Paine he started the first packaging overseas study program for students, offered in London, England, which has now expanded to also include programs in Sweden, Spain and Japan. Chet worked with the World Bank, the US Agency for International Development and the United Nations to secure short term assignments for faculty in Mexico, Brazil, Morocco and Korea, among others. Due, in part, to Chet's early leadership, the current faculty is well traveled internationally and the School is respected globally.

Chet Mackson was an educator, an innovator and an entrepreneur. He loved his family, MSU, Michigan's upper peninsula and a good golf match. He served MSU for over 34 years as a professor in Agriculture Economics and as Director of the School of Packaging. He served the USA as an officer in World War II in Patton's Third Army, was wounded in battle and received the Purple Heart. Chet is survived by Marilynn, his wife of 61 years, 6 children, 11 grandchildren and 3 great grandchildren.

Chet was honored by the Packaging Education Foundation in 1992 when they elected him to the Packaging Hall of Fame, and again by the School's alumni in 2007 when they elected him to MSU Packaging Alumni Association Hall of Fame. One of the things he said most often, and which exemplifies his professional career was, ‘it is surprising how much you can accomplish, as long as you don't care who gets the credit’.

Chet will be missed by the faculty, staff and alumni of the School of Packaging.
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)– guidelines for the validation of computerised systems
Authors: Esch Peter M. , Donzé Gérard , Eschbach Bruno , Hassler Stephan , Hutter Leo , Saxer Hans Peter , Timm Uwe , Zühlke Roger
Published: October 2008

The aim of this document is to provide guidance on the validation of computerised systems, compliant with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). It specifies more precisely the procedures to follow in carrying out validations of computerised systems. It intends to help test facilities promote a common standard. However, the test facility management may use different approaches, as long as they are in compliance with the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) Principles of GLP [1]. The extent of a validation may vary depending on the complexity of the computerised system. In any case the validation should demonstrate that the computerised system is suitable for its intended purpose.

The Arbeitsgruppe Informations‐Technologie (AGIT) is a working group consisting of representatives from Swiss industry and Swiss GLP monitoring authorities with the aim of proposing procedures that are practical for use in test facilities fulfilling GLP regulatory requirements. These guidelines have been adapted to current practices and replace those issued in June 2000. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GLP SOPs for equipment calibration and maintenance. Part 5: SOP templates and SOP on SOPs
Authors: Colligon Irina , Rosa Michelle
Published: October 2008

Document templates are valuable tools and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) templates are no exception. The true value of the ‘SOP on SOPs’ is often underestimated. This installment of the series is dedicated to the discussion of the SOP on SOPs and of the SOP templates, their use and ways of making them better. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrative qualitative quality assurance and reliability prediction over the complete product design cycle
Authors: Pickard K. , Dieter A.
Published: October 2008

In this paper the possibilities of a qualitative and systematic procedure for the selection of the most developable concept in early design stages and the transfer of the gained information into a failure mode and effects analysis are shown. Further, the possibility of deriving reasonable lifetime distributions from the FMEA assessment values for the description of the system behaviour is demonstrated. With this integrative qualitative approach new products can be accompanied with a procedure, which passes on all its information without any losses, over the complete product design cycle. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical investigation of carotenoid ultraviolet spectra
Authors: Martins João B. L. , Durães Jussara A. , Sales Maria J. A. , Vilela Alessandra F. A. , e Silva Geraldo M. , Gargano Ricardo
Published: October 2008

We have determined the π band‐gaps of the main carotenoids present in poly(methyl)methacrylate/buriti blends, namely, trans‐β‐carotene, 13‐cis‐β‐carotene, 9‐cis‐β‐carotene, phytofluene, and zeaxanthin. Semiempirical, model Hamiltonian, and density functional calculations were carried out to study these structures. The geometries were fully optimized using AM1, PM3, and B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) methods. The TD‐DFT and ZINDO/S methods were applied for the calculation of the electronic absorption spectra of the optimized B3LYP geometries. The calculated spectra using the polarizable continuum model for the solvent effects were compared with the available experimental. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Development of eclipsed and staggered forms in some hydrogen bonded complexes
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Habibi Mostafa , Hesabi Nahid
Published: October 2008

Intermolecular hydrogen bonding in X3CH···NH3(X = H, F, Cl, and Br) complexes has been studied by B3LYP, B3PW91, MP2, MP3, MP4, and CCSD methods using 6‐311++G(d,p) and AUG‐cc‐PVTZ basis sets. These complexes could exist in both eclipsed (EC) and staggered (ST) forms. The differences between binding energies of EC and ST forms are negligible and all EC and ST shapes correspond to minimum stationary states. The order of stabilities of them is in an agreement with the results of atoms in molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. On the basis of low differences between binding energies, ST forms are more stable than EC forms in all complexes with the exception of Br3CH···NH3, which behaves just opposite. Although the differences between binding energies are negligible, they are consistent with the results of AIM analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Common generating function for three‐dimensional hydrogen atom complete wave functions
Authors: Ley‐Koo Eugenio , Góngora Araceli
Published: October 2008

The Schrödinger equation for the three‐dimensional hydrogen atom is separable and integrable in spherical, spheroconal, parabolic, and prolate spheroidal coordinates. The formal correspondence of the eigenfunctions in parabolic coordinates with two harmonic‐oscillator eigenfunctions in circular coordinates leads to the identification of a generating function for the hydrogen atom eigenfunctions. Its expansions yielding the complete wave functions in the respective coordinates are explicitly constructed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Rayleigh–Ritz variation method and connected‐moments polynomial approach
Authors: Fernández Francisco M.
Published: October 2008

We show that the connected‐moments polynomial approach proposed recently is equivalent to the well known Rayleigh–Ritz variation method in the Krylov space. We compare the latter with one of the original connected‐moments methods by means of a numerical test on an anharmonic oscillator. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
A reasonable criterion of reactivities at the defective region of single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Jia Gui‐Xiao , Li Jun‐Qian , Chen Lin‐Gang , Li Yi , Ding Kai‐Ning , Zhang Yong‐Fan
Published: October 2008

Defect directional curvature KD‐def was proposed as a reasonable criterion for the reactivities and adduct structures at the defective region of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). B3LYP/6‐31G* calculations for the [2 + 1] and [1 + 1] additions of a series of 11‐layer (n, n) (n = 4–8) and six‐layer (10,0) SWCNTs with Stone‐Wales defects showed that the KD‐def or its mean KM‐def was a good index to judge the adduct structures and the reactivities. Adducts of the [2 + 1] additions were divided into two types: one was the adduct with the C‐X‐C configuration and corresponding to the large KD‐def and the large binding energy, and another was the adduct with the closed −3MR structure and corresponding to the small KD‐def and the small binding energy. It must be pointed out that, besides mainly relying on the KD‐def, the adduct structures and the reactivities of the [2 + 1] additions had been weakly affected by topologic structures. The calculated results for the [1 + 1] additions of the 11‐layer (5,5) SWCNT with defect A revealed that the binding energies monotonously increased with the KM‐def. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Quantum chemical studies of peptide nucleic acid monomers and role of cyclohexyl modification on backbone flexibility
Authors: Sharma Smriti , Sonavane Uddhavesh B. , Joshi Rajendra R.
Published: October 2008

Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) bind sequence specifically to DNA/RNA and are of major interest for all fields of molecular biology and could form the basis for gene‐targeted drugs. Modifications are introduced in PNA to overcome problems associated with orientational selectivity in binding, to restrict conformational flexibility of backbone, and to discriminate binding for either DNA or RNA. The addition of geometrical isomers (1R,2S and 1S,2R) of cyclohexyl ring in the backbone of PNA could bring rigidification to PNA backbone and may impart specificity toward RNA. Therefore, quantum chemical studies are aimed to explore the conformational space, to find out preferred stable conformations of PNA and modified (1R,2S and 1S,2R) cyclohexyl PNA monomer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
First principles study on the structure and electronic properties of 2‐nitrimino‐1‐nitroimidazolidine
Authors: Zhang Hong , Xu Lian‐Jun , Zhang Fu‐Chun , Cheng Xin‐Lu , An Guang‐Wen
Published: October 2008

The properties of 2‐Nitrimino‐1‐nitroimidazolidine are calculated by using SIESTA code, which adopts the standard Kohn‐Sham self‐consistent density functional method in the local density approximation. The structures and electronic properties are analyzed, and the factors that affect the impact sensitivity are discussed based on the crystal structure, band energy, and projected density of state. The reason for the smaller impact sensitivity compared to RDX (hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine) is also explored from several respects such as the weakest bond dissociation energy in single molecule, and hydrogen bond, band gap in the crystal. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
An identity‐based single‐sign‐on scheme for computer networks
Authors: Ren Jian
Published: October 2008

Conventionally, no user identification is required for a user to log into a security‐protected system. User authentication is based on what the user knows, or what the user has, which can be easily shared among others. Moreover, when multiple systems are involved, the user is then required to authenticate to each system individually and repeatedly. In this paper, we present a scheme to achieve secure user identification and authentication to multiple security‐protected systems simultaneously through a single operation. The proposed scheme is based on the well‐known RSA cryptosystem, the discrete logarithm problem, and the subset‐sum NP‐complete problem. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is secure to all known security attacks and can be easily implemented in various environments including very resource constrained environment such as Smart Cards. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realising time limitation for cryptographic keys in secure multimedia distribution
Authors: Dunte Markus , Ruland Christoph
Published: October 2008

If the results of the latest studies for Internet usage are to be believed, worldwide 12 million TV consumers will be using Internet protocol TV (IPTV) instead of the traditional TV broadcasting by the year 2010. These figures were published by ABI Research in 2006. Furthermore, analysts of Informa Telecoms & Media are forecasting the worldwide grow in revenue of IPTV to be 10 billion dollar by 2010. The revolution that is described by these figures implies on the one hand an enormous increase in sales values but on the other hand causes problems in handling the data volume. Moreover, IPTV will be attracting criminal attacks like Pay‐TV has in traditional broadcasting. Therefore, not only efficient encoding of media data has to be applied to save transmission capacity but also security mechanisms should be established to prevent unauthorised access. This paper will give a short overview of possible infrastructure setup as well as a method for the use of time‐limited keys. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrauterine growth in multiple pregnancies in relation to fetal number, chorionicity and gestational age
Authors: Papageorghiou A. T. , Bakoulas V. , Sebire N. J. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: October 2008

Objectives

To examine birth weight in dichorionic and monochorionic twins and trichorionic triplets, and to estimate the relative independent importance on growth of fetal number, chorionicity and gestational age.

Methods

Four groups of pregnancies were examined: 12 816 singleton pregnancies, 302 monochorionic twin pregnancies, 569 dichorionic twin pregnancies, and 97 trichorionic triplet pregnancies. Chorionicity was determined at 10–14 weeks on the basis of the presence or absence of the lambda sign in twins, and by examining the ipsilon zone in triplets. The relationship between birth weight and gestational age in singletons was established, and using this equation the expected mean birth weights for all gestational ages were calculated. For each case in all groups, the difference between the observed birth weight for each fetus and the appropriate normal mean for gestation in singletons was calculated (Z‐score). Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the independent contribution of gestational age, number of fetuses and chorionicity in the prediction of actual birth weight and birth weight Z‐score.

Results

Birth weight Z‐score was significantly lower than the expected mean in singletons for dichorionic twins, monochorionic twins and trichorionic triplets (t = 15.4, P < 0.0001, t = 21.7, P < 0.0001 and t = 19.9, P < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, the reduction in expected birth weight was significantly greater for monochorionic twins and trichorionic triplets compared with dichorionic twins (t = 6.3, P < 0.0001 and t = 7.8, P < 0.0001, respectively). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that number of fetuses, presence of a monochorionic placenta and gestational age were independently associated with birth weight Z‐score, the strongest effect being fetal number, followed by monochorionicity (t = − 23.4, P < 0.0001, t = − 8.3, P < 0.0001 and t = − 4.9, P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions

The finding that monochorionic twins were of lower adjusted birth weight than dichorionic twins, and the significant independent effect of chorionicity on birth weight suggest that monochorionic placentation in itself has an effect on intrauterine growth. The effect of fetal number independent of chorionicity is demonstrated by the lower birth weight of trichorionic triplets compared with dichorionic twins. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of the Open Abdomen with the Commercially Available Vacuum‐Assisted Closure System in Patients with Abdominal Sepsis
Authors: Wondberg D. , Larusson H. J. , Metzger U. , Platz A. , Zingg U.
Published: October 2008

Background

Abdominal Vacuum‐Assisted Closure (V.A.C.) systems for treatment of open abdomens have been predominantly used for trauma patients with a high primary fascial closure rate. Use of the V.A.C. technique in abdominal sepsis is less well established.

Methods

All patients with abdominal sepsis and treatment with the abdominal V.A.C. system between 2004 and 2007 were prospectively assessed. End points were fascial closure, V.A.C.‐related morbidity, and quality of life score (SF‐36) at follow‐up.

Results

Thirty patients with abdominal sepsis were included in the study. Primary fascial closure was feasible in 10, partial closure in 4, and no closure in 16 patients. Median number of V.A.C. changes was 3 (range, 1–10). Nine patients died. V.A.C.‐related morbidity was as follows: two fistulas, three fascial edge necroses, one skin blister, and four prolapses of small bowel between the fascia and foam. Univariate analysis showed no variables influencing primary closure rate or V.A.C.‐related morbidity. Mortality was significantly influenced by age (P < 0.001), respiratory failure (P = 0.01), and pneumonia (P = 0.03). At follow‐up, V.A.C. patients scored lower in the physical health scores and similar in the mental health scores compared with the normal population.

Conclusions

Treatment of the open abdomen in patients with abdominal sepsis with the abdominal V.A.C. system is safe with good long‐term quality of life. Primary closure rate in these patients is substantially lower than in trauma patients. Stepwise closure of the fascia during V.A.C. changes should be attempted to avoid additional lateral retraction of fascial edges. V.A.C.‐related complications may be avoided with careful surgical technique.
Microhabitat use by foraging white‐clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) in stream pools in the NE Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Clavero Miguel , Benejam Lluís , Seglar Ariana
Published: October 2008

The white‐clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) is an endangered species across most of its distribution range, and information on its ecological requirements is needed to implement effective conservation measures. Its habitat use has been studied in different areas and at various spatial scales. However, being a nocturnal species, there is scarce information on its habitat selection during foraging periods. In this work we analyse nocturnal habitat use of white‐clawed crayfish in pools of a small stream in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula at two different scales: (1) microhabitat selection and (2) pool characteristics. Large crayfish showed a clear positive selection for deeper microhabitats, a selection pattern that was weaker for medium‐sized crayfish and absent for small ones. On the other hand, crayfish of all sizes avoided cobble and boulder microhabitats and positively selected fine substrate and more exposed microhabitats. Crayfish abundance in pools was positively influenced by pool area, pool depth and the availability of fine substrates, especially silt. While studies on white‐clawed crayfish habitat use have often stressed the importance of rough substrates as crayfish refuge, our results show that fine substrates are positively selected by foraging crayfish of all size classes and promoted active crayfish abundance in pools. These apparently contradictory results may be due to the differences in microhabitat preferences exhibited by active and inactive crayfish. Thus, our results help to better complete the picture of white‐clawed crayfish habitat requirements.
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface Functionalization Strategies
Authors: Wu Wei , He Quanguo , Jiang Changzhong
Published: October 2008

Surface functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are a kind of novel functional materials, which have been widely used in the biotechnology and catalysis. This review focuses on the recent development and various strategies in preparation, structure, and magnetic properties of naked and surface functionalized iron oxide NPs and their corresponding application briefly. In order to implement the practical application, the particles must have combined properties of high magnetic saturation, stability, biocompatibility, and interactive functions at the surface. Moreover, the surface of iron oxide NPs could be modified by organic materials or inorganic materials, such as polymers, biomolecules, silica, metals, etc. The problems and major challenges, along with the directions for the synthesis and surface functionalization of iron oxide NPs, are considered. Finally, some future trends and prospective in these research areas are also discussed.
Using Simulation to Design a Central Sterilization Department
Authors: Lin Feng , Lawley Mark , Spry Charlie , McCarthy Kelly , Coyle‐Rogers Patricia G. , Yih Yuehwern
Published: October 2008

A SIMULATION PROJECT was performed to assist with redesign of the surgery department of a large tertiary hospital and to help administrators make the best decisions about relocating, staffing, and equipping the central sterilization department.

A SIMULATION MODEL was created to analyze department configurations, staff schedules, equipment capacities, and cart‐washing requirements. Performance measures examined include tray turnaround time, surgery‐delay rate, and work‐in‐process levels.

THE ANALYSIS PROVIDES significant insight into how the proposed system will perform, allowing planning for expected patient volume increases. This work illustrates how simulation can facilitate the design of a central sterilization department and improve surgical sterilization operations. AORN J 88 (October 2008) 555–567. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Plastic Surgery: Understanding Abdominoplasty and Liposuction
Authors: Logan Judith M. , Broughton George
Published: October 2008

REQUESTS FOR PLASTIC SURGERY procedures that alter one's body image are on the rise. To ensure the best possible outcome, patients who request a combined procedure (eg, abdominoplasty and liposuction) must meet certain criteria to be eligible for surgery. It is critically important for patients to understand that these surgeries are not weight‐reduction procedures, and they must be prepared to make lifestyle changes to ensure long‐lasting results.

THESE PROCEDURES are performed in a variety of facilities (eg, surgeons' offices, surgery centers, hospitals).

PERIOPERATIVE NURSES must have a basic knowledge and understanding of abdominoplasty and liposuction and the special requirements and potential complications involved with these procedures. AORN J 88 (October 2008) 587–600. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Ascorbic acid is a regulator of the intracellular cAMP concentration: Old molecule, new functions?
Authors: Kaya F. , Belin S. , Diamantidis Gr. , Fontes M.
Published: October 2008

Recently, using an animal model of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth human disorder, we showed that ascorbic acid (AA) represses PMP22 gene expression by acting on intracellular cAMP concentrations. In this work, we present kinetics data on the inhibitory effect of AA upon adenylate cyclase activity. The data show that this molecule acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, a finding that opens new pharmacological avenues.
Identification of two inactive forms of the central sulfur cycle protein SoxYZ of Paracoccus pantotrophus
Authors: Quentmeier Armin , Li Lin , Friedrich Cornelius G.
Published: October 2008

The central protein of the sulfur‐oxidizing enzyme system of Paracoccus pantotrophus, SoxYZ, reacts with three different Sox proteins. Its active site Cys110Y is on the carboxy‐terminus of the SoxY subunit. SoxYZ “as isolated” consisted mainly of the catalytically inactive SoxY‐Y(Z)2 heterotetramer linked by a Cys110Y‐Cys110Y interprotein disulfide. Sulfide activated SoxYZ “as isolated” 456‐fold, reduced the disulfide, and yielded an active SoxYZ heterodimer. The reductant tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) inactivated SoxYZ. This form was not re‐activated by sulfide, which identified it as a different inactive form. In analytical gel filtration, the elution of “TCEP‐treated” SoxYZ was retarded compared to active SoxYZ, indicating a conformational change. The possible enzymes involved in the re‐activation of each inactive form of SoxYZ are discussed.
Governing buyer–supplier relationships through transactional and relational mechanisms: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Yi , Luo Yadong , Liu Ting
Published: October 2008

Building on economic and social exchange theories, this study investigates the different roles transactional and relational mechanisms have in hindering opportunism and improving relationship performance in an emerging economy. Our study applied to manufacturer–distributor dyads in China and used matched survey data (225 paired sample firms) to test our hypotheses. Our hierarchical multivariate regression and semipartial correlation analyses suggest that transactional mechanisms are more effective in restraining opportunism while relational mechanisms are more powerful in improving relationship performance. This performance is improved more significantly when both contracts and relational norms are used jointly than when used separately. Likewise, opportunism is curbed more effectively when both contracts and trust are used jointly than when used individually.
Nemosis of fibroblasts is inhibited by benign HaCaT keratinocytes but promoted by malignant HaCaT cells
Authors: Räsänen Kati , Salmenperä Pertteli , Baumann Marc , Virtanen Ismo , Vaheri Antti
Published: October 2008

Cell–cell clustering of fibroblasts, called nemosis, leads to a massive growth factor, proteolytic and proinflammatory response. Culturing fibroblasts in conditioned medium collected from HaCaT keratinocyte cell panel representing different stages of skin carcinogenesis had a differential effect on fibroblast nemosis. Non‐malignant keratinocytes had a nemosis‐inhibiting effect on fibroblasts as seen by inhibition of COX‐2 protein expression. Conditioned medium from malignant cells promoted fibroblast nemosis by inducing higher levels of COX‐2, HGF/SF and VEGF. Even a small amount of malignant medium converted the inhibitory effect of benign medium, whereas non‐malignant medium neutralized the nemosis‐promoting effect of malignant medium. In collagen co‐cultures benign keratinocytes caused a nemosis‐inhibiting effect on fibroblast spheroids by inhibiting COX‐2 induction, while with malignant keratinocytes myofibroblastic differentiation of fibroblasts was seen.
Holocene environment and subsistence patterns near the Tree Shelter, Red Sea Mountains, Egypt
Authors: Marinova Elena , Linseele Veerle , Vermeersch Pierre
Published: October 2008

The Tree Shelter site dates to the Early to Mid-Holocene (8000 to 490014C yr BP). Present conditions around the site are hyperarid, but charcoal remains indicate less severe aridity at the time of its occupation. The environment around the site then supported a rich wadi vegetation, which allowed hunting during the Epipaleolithic and herding during the Neolithic occupation. Although more favorable than today, the environmental conditions also displayed a desert character and seem to have limited the range of domestic herbivores introduced in the area.