bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive complications after coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Selnes Ola A. , McKhann Guy M.
Published: April 2005

Both short‐ and long‐term cognitive changes continue to occur after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but the pathophysiology of these neurobehavioral changes remains incompletely understood. The persistence of mild postoperative neurocognitive changes despite multiple improvements in the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure may be partially because of surgical populations being older and having more prevalent comorbid disease. The cause of the early postoperative changes is most likely multifactorial and may include ischemic injury from microemboli, hypoperfusion, and other factors resulting from major surgery. Several lines of evidence suggest that the late cognitive decline between 1 and 5 years after surgery may be secondary to high rates of cerebrovascular disease among candidates for CABG. A history of hypertension and other risk factors for vascular disease is known to be associated with increased risk for long‐term cognitive decline in community‐dwelling elderly individuals. Cerebrovascular risk factors are also associated with silent magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients undergoing CABG. Thus, whereas both short‐ and long‐term postoperative cognitive changes have been associated with CABG, only the short‐term, transient changes appear to be directly related to the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.Ann Neurol 2005;57:615–621
Neue Wege in der Einzelmolekül‐Fluoreszenzspektroskopie: Herausforderungen für die Chemie und Einfluss auf die Biologie
Authors: Tinnefeld Philip , Sauer Markus
Published: April 2005

Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt wurde eine Reihe von fluoreszenzspektroskopischen Messverfahren entwickelt, um einzelne Moleküle unter verschiedenen Bedingungen zu untersuchen. Mittlerweile helfen etablierte einzelmolekülempfindliche Fluoreszenztechniken bei der Aufklärung komplexer Zusammenhänge in unterschiedlichen Gebieten, von der Materialforschung bis hin zur Zellbiologie. Was früher visionär erschien, etwa die Messung von Beweglichkeit oder strukturellen Veränderungen einzelner Motorproteine, oder der Nachweis von “Single‐Copy”‐Genen und die Bestimmung ihres Abstands zu Polymerase‐Molekülen in den Transkriptionszentren lebender Zellen, gilt nicht länger als unlösbare Aufgabe. In diesem Aufsatz zeigen wir das Potenzial der Einzelmolekül‐Fluoreszenzspektroskopie bei der Lösung molekularbiologischer Probleme und diskutieren die Chancen der optischen Einzelmolekültechniken in Verbindung mit intelligenten Markierungsstrategien, um quantitative dreidimensionale Informationen über die dynamische Organisation in lebenden Zellen zu erhalten.
Titelbild: Neue Wege in der Einzelmolekül‐Fluoreszenzspektroskopie: Herausforderungen für die Chemie und Einfluss auf die Biologie (Angew. Chem. 18/2005)
Authors: Tinnefeld Philip , Sauer Markus
Published: April 2005

Einzelmolekülspektroskopie ermöglicht die direkte Beobachtung von einzelnen Rezeptormolekülen in Membranen und die Identifizierung von mRNA‐Molekülen im Kern lebender Zellen. Das Titelbild zeigt Transkriptionszentren (helle Punkte) im Zellkern eines lebenden Maus‐3T3‐Fibroblasten im Laserfokus. Das Experiment liefert Informationen über die Zusammensetzung der Transkriptionszentren, die Aktivität der Polymerase und die Synthese eines “Single‐Copy”‐Gens durch Hybridisierung eines kurzen farbstoffmarkierten Oligonucleotids (grüner Strang). Mehr dazu erfahren Sie im Aufsatz von P. Tinnefeld und M. Sauer auf S. 2698 ff.
Branching Out of Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Challenges for Chemistry and Influence on Biology
Authors: Tinnefeld Philip , Sauer Markus
Published: April 2005

In the last decade emerging single‐molecule fluorescence‐spectroscopy tools have been developed and adapted to analyze individual molecules under various conditions. Single‐molecule‐sensitive optical techniques are now well established and help to increase our understanding of complex problems in different disciplines ranging from materials science to cell biology. Previous dreams, such as the monitoring of the motility and structural changes of single motor proteins in living cells or the detection of single‐copy genes and the determination of their distance from polymerase molecules in transcription factories in the nucleus of a living cell, no longer constitute unsolvable problems. In this Review we demonstrate that single‐molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has become an independent discipline capable of solving problems in molecular biology. We outline the challenges and future prospects for optical single‐molecule techniques which can be used in combination with smart labeling strategies to yield quantitative three‐dimensional information about the dynamic organization of living cells.
Cover Picture: Branching Out of Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Challenges for Chemistry and Influence on Biology (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 18/2005)
Authors: Tinnefeld Philip , Sauer Markus
Published: April 2005

Single‐molecule fluorescence spectroscopy allows the direct observation of single receptor molecules in membranes and the identification of mRNA molecules in the nuclei of living cells. The cover picture shows the transcription centers (bright points) in a cell nucleus. The method can give information on the composition of the transcription centers, on the activity of polymerase, and on the synthesis of single‐copy genes by the hybridization of a short dye‐labeled oligonucleotide (green strand). M. Sauer and P. Tinnefeld describe the method and its uses in their Review on page 2642 ff.
The powered parachute as an archaeological aerial reconnaissance vehicle
Authors: Hailey Tommy Ike
Published: April 2005

The need for a cost‐effective method of aerial archaeology that could combine the ability to acquire large‐scale, low‐altitude photographs of archaeological sites with the capacity for surveying large geographical areas led to an evaluation of the powered parachute (PPC), a type of ultralight aircraft, as an archaeological aerial reconnaissance vehicle. The suitable performance of the aircraft during flight was the first consideration, and an assessment of drift, in‐flight stability and altitude stability of the PPC proved satisfactory. Next, characteristics required of an aerial camera platform, such as slow speed, low vibration, the ability to capture images at low altitudes, portability, low cost, safety and others were considered. The PPC easily fulfilled each of the requirements. Limitations on the use of the PPC include obscuring vegetation, inclement weather and government regulations. Despite the limitations, the PPC serves as an invaluable addition to the choice of options available for aerial archaeologists. The PPC has experienced success in acquiring digital still images, digital video and thermal images at sites in Louisiana, Mississippi and North Dakota, and these promising results have led to an increased interest in this approach from archaeologists, land managers and others working in the USA and in Europe. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and removal of above‐ground spurious signals in GPR archaeological prospecting
Authors: Nuzzo Luigia
Published: April 2005

Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) is a shallow geophysical method increasingly used in archaeological prospecting to detect buried remains and to map the stratigraphy of the uppermost earth layers embodying the archaeological features. The GPR sections, however, can be contaminated by spurious correlated signals caused by above‐ground obstacles (buildings, trees, fences, power lines) placed either in‐line or off‐line with respect to the profile (surface scattering). In the case study presented this problem is analysed for a 35 MHz GPR survey carried out for stratigraphical purposes in the archaeological site of the Roman Ships near Pisa (Italy). The investigation inside the archaeological excavation, when the level was about 5 m below the ground surface, produced a severe surface scattering problem caused by the iron sheet‐piling protecting the excavation walls and bordering some of the partly excavated boats. An attempt to interpret the profiles was carried out in a zone where the relatively simple geometry of the metallic enclosure allowed understanding of the possible origin of spurious events, also thanks to the high density of profiles acquired along two orthogonal directions. Migration at the air velocity and geometrical considerations helped the identification of hyperbolic and slightly slanted features as surface scattering phenomena from different sides of the iron sheet‐piling. A simple but original subtraction procedure was successful for the attenuation of some of the spurious reflections. After this partial removal, other spurious signals could be recognized more easily as well as two weak subhorizontal reflections of probable stratigraphical meaning. Subsequently, filtering procedures based on f‐k and Radon transform methods were tried to further reduce the spurious signals, thus enhancing the visibility of the interesting reflections. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluxgate gradiometry and square array resistance survey at Drumlanrig, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
Authors: Walker R. , Gaffney C. , Gater J. , Wood E.
Published: April 2005

This report details fieldwork on a suspected Roman fort in the grounds of Drumlanrig Castle. Geophysical survey was undertaken in the first instance using a 1.0 m separation fluxgate gradiometer system and the base plan of the fort was confirmed. Additionally a prototype wheeled square array was used to collect earth resistance values in order to investigate further the findings of the magnetic survey. The short report discusses some of the technical issues involved with the wheeled array and identifies technical improvements that have been implemented since the trial. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Folding of a misfolding‐prone β‐galactosidase in absence of DnaK
Authors: García‐Fruitós Elena , Carrió M. Mar , Arís Anna , Villaverde Antonio
Published: April 2005

In absence of chaperone DnaK, bacterially produced misfolding‐prone proteins aggregate into large inclusion bodies, but still a significant part of these polypeptides remains in the soluble cell fraction. The functional analysis of the model β‐galactosidase fusion protein VP1LAC produced in DnaK− cells has revealed that the soluble version exhibits important folding defects and that it is less stable and less active than when produced in wild‐type DnaK+ cells. In addition, we have observed that the induction of gene expression at the very late exponential phase enhances twofold the stability of VP1LAC, a fact that in DnaK− background results in a dramatic increase of its specific activity up to phenotypically detectable levels. These results indicate that the chaperone DnaK is critical for the folding of misfolding‐prone proteins and also that the soluble form reached in its absence by a fraction of polypeptides is not necessarily supportive of biological activity. In the case of E. coli β‐galactosidase, the catalytic activity requires assembling into tetramers and the fine organization of the activating interfaces holding the active sites, what might not be properly reached in absence of DnaK. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Injectable bulking agents for treating faecal incontinence
Authors: Vaizey C J , Kamm M A
Published: April 2005

Background

Reports of the use of injectable bulking agents for faecal incontinence are currently confined to a small number of pilot studies. However, the use of these agents is rapidly becoming widespread based on this limited knowledge.

Methods

This review provides an overview of the products available and the methods of delivery based on the pilot studies, selected articles reporting experience of these agents in urology, plastic surgery and laryngology, and some animal studies.

Results and conclusions

Although bulking agents have been used to treat urinary incontinence for over four decades, their use in faecal incontinence has so far been limited. The large choice of products now available and the lack of a defined injection strategy will hamper efforts to produce meaningful prospective randomized trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of technique for closure of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Knaebel H P , Diener M K , Wente M N , Büchler M W , Seiler C M
Published: April 2005

Background

Appropriate closure of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatectomy is still debated. A variety of procedures have been recommended to reduce the frequency of pancreatic fistula. This review quantitatively compares the available techniques.

Methods

Original articles and abstracts published up to the end of June 2004 were searched without language restriction in the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline and Embase. Three reviewers independently assessed each study's eligibility and quality, and extracted the data. A random effects model was performed using weighted odds ratios.

Results

Only ten of 262 articles could be included, two randomized clinical trials and eight observational studies. Reported postoperative morbidity varied from 13·3 to 64 per cent. The primary outcome measure, pancreatic fistula rate, occurred within the range 0–60·9 per cent. Meta-analysis of the six studies comparing stapler versus hand-sutured closure showed a non-significant combined odds ratio for occurrence of a pancreatic fistula of 0·66 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·35 to 1·26, P = 0·21) in favour of stapler closure.

Conclusions

The quality and quantity of information extracted from the available trials are insufficient to enable any firm conclusion to be drawn on the optimal surgical technique of pancreatic stump closure; there is a trend in favour of the stapling technique.
Ischaemic preconditioning in transplantation and major resection of the liver
Authors: Banga N R , Homer-Vanniasinkam S , Graham A , Al-Mukhtar A , White S A , Prasad K R
Published: April 2005

Background

Ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of transplantation and major resection of the liver. Its severity is reduced by ischaemic preconditioning (IP), the precise mechanisms of which are not completely understood. This review discusses the pathophysiology and role of IP in this clinical setting.

Methods

A Medline search was performed using the keywords ‘ischaemic preconditioning’, ‘ischaemia–reperfusion injury’, ‘transplantation’ and ‘hepatic resection’. Additional articles were obtained from references within the papers identified by the Medline search.

Results and conclusion

The mechanisms underlying hepatic IRI are complex, but IP reduces the severity of such injury in several animal models and in recent human trials. Increased understanding of the cellular processes involved in IP is of importance in the development of treatment strategies aimed at improving outcome after liver transplantation and major hepatic resection.
Discrimination of Single‐Nucleotide Alterations by G‐Specific Fluorescence Quenching
Authors: Dohno Chikara , Saito Isao
Published: April 2005

A new strategy for the detection of single‐base alterations through fluorescence quenching by guanine (G) is described. We have devised a novel base‐discriminating fluorescent (BDF) nucleoside, 4′PyT, that contains a pyrenecarboxamide fluorophore at the thymidine sugar’s C4′‐position. 4′PyT‐containing oligodeoxynucleotides only exhibited enhanced fluorescence in response to the presence of a complementary adenine base. In contrast, the fluorescence of mismatched duplexes containing 4′PyT/N base pairs (N=C, G, or T) was considerably weaker. This highly A‐selective fluorescence was a product of guanine‐specific quenching efficiency; when the complementary base to 4′PyT was a mismatch, the pyrenecarboxamide fluorophore was able to interact intimately with neighboring G bases (the most likely interaction in the case of intercalation), so effective quenching by the G bases occurred in the mismatched duplexes. In contrast, duplexes containing 4′PyT/A base pairs exhibited strong emission, since in this case the fluorophores were positioned in the minor groove and able to escape fluorescence quenching by the G bases.
Structure and Properties of ZnS Nanoclusters
Authors: Hamad Said , Catlow C. Richard A. , Spano Eleonora , Matxain Jon M. , Ugalde Jesus M.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reversible Storage of Hydrogen in Destabilized LiBH4.
Authors: Vajo John J. , Skeith Sky L. , Mertens Florian
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Evidence of Oxidized Gold on Supported Gold Catalysts.
Authors: Fu L. , Wu N. Q. , Yang J. H. , Qu F. , Johnson D. L. , Kung M. C. , Kung H. H. , Dravid V. P.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Promotion Effects in the Oxidation of CO over Zeolite‐Supported Pt Nanoparticles.
Authors: Visser Tom , Nijhuis T. Alexander , van der Eerden Ad M. J. , Jenken Karin , Ji Yaying , Bras Wim , Nikitenko Sergei , Ikeda Yasuo , Lepage Muriel , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isovalent Doping Strategy for Manganese Introduction into III—V Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanoparticles: InP:Mn.
Authors: Somaskandan Kanchana , Tsoi Georgy M. , Wenger Lowell E. , Brock Stephanie L.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New and Industrially Favorable Method for Synthesizing Sandia Octahedral Molecular Sieve (SOMS‐1) Na2Nb1.6Ti0.4O5.6 (OH)0.4×H2O: Synthesis, Structure, and Scale‐up.
Authors: Nenoff Tina M. , Pless Jason D. , Michaels Emily , Phillips Mark L. F.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Cation Ordering, and Magnetic Properties of the (Sb1‐xPbx)2 (Mn1‐ySby)O4 Solid Solutions with the Sb2MnO4‐Type Structure.
Authors: Abakumov Artem M. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bonding and Oxidation State of a Transition Metal Atom Encapsulated in an Isolated Octahedral Cluster Cation of Main Group Elements: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electronic Structure of Pt2In14Ga3O8F15 Containing Highly Positive 18‐Electron Complex [PtIn6]10+ and Low‐Valent In+ Ions.
Authors: Koehler Juergen , Chang Jen‐Hui , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organocatalysis with Proline Derivatives. Improved Catalysts for the Asymmetric Mannich, Nitro‐Michael and Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Cobb Alexander J. A. , Shaw David M. , Longbottom Deborah A. , Gold Johan B. , Ley Steven V.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Alkynylation of Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by New Chiral Oxazolidine Ligands.
Authors: Kang Yong‐feng , Wang Rui , Liu Lei , Da Chao‐shan , Yan Wen‐jin , Xu Zhao‐qing
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Alkenes in a Microreactor.
Authors: Kitazume Tomoya , Kawai Kouichi , Nihei Takashi , Miyake Noriaki
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ammonia‐Promoted Fragmentation of 2‐Alkyl‐ and 2,4‐Dialkyl‐3‐iodo‐1‐oxocyclohexan‐2,4‐carbolactones.
Authors: Dai Mingshi , Zhang Xuqing , Khim Seock‐Kyu , Schultz Arthur G.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Connection Reaction of Dimethylzinc, 1,ω‐Ene‐diene, and Acetone: Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Cycloalkanes.
Authors: Kimura Masanari , Kojima Keisuke , Tamaru Yoshinao
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Mild Method for Halofluorination of Alkenes with Ionic Liquid EMIMF(HF)2.3.
Authors: Yoshino Hideaki , Matsubara Seijiro , Oshima Koichiro , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika , Ito Yasuhiko
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
α‐Aminoallylation of Aldehydes in Aqueous Ammonia.
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Hirano Keiichi , Sugiura Masaharu
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aqueous Ammonia as a New Activator for Sonogashira Coupling.
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed S. Mohamed , Sekiguchi Akitoshi , Masui Kentaro , Mori Atsunori
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Oxidative Cleavage of α‐ and β‐Dicarbonyls and α‐Hydroxyketones to Diesters with KHSO5.
Authors: Yan Jun , Travis Benjamin R. , Borhan Babak
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Difluorocarbene Chemistry: Synthesis of gem‐Difluorocyclopropenylalkynes (III) and 3,3,3′,3′‐Tetrafluorobicyclopropyl‐1,1′‐dienes (V)
Authors: Cheng Zhan‐Ling , Chen Qing‐Yun
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Totally Selective Ring‐Opening of Amino Epoxides with Ketones: A General Entry to Enantiopure (2R,3S)‐ and (2S,3S)‐3‐Aminoalkano‐1,2‐diols.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Suarez Jose Ramon , Garcia‐Granda Santiago , Diaz M. Rosario
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on the Indicator Properties of Some Phthalexons.
Authors: Novopol'tseva V. M. , Osipov A. K.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bismuth Triflate Catalyzed Three‐Component Mannich‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Ollevier Thierry , Nadeau Etienne
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Reagent System for Attaining High Regio‐ and Stereoselectivities in Allylic Displacement of 4‐Cyclopentene‐1,3‐diol Monoacetate with Aryl‐ and Alkenylmagnesium Bromides.
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichi , Nakata Kenya , Ainai Takayuki
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Studies Toward Chiral Aromatic Triynes as Key Substrates for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Helicene‐Like Molecules.
Authors: Alexandrova Zuzana , Stara Irena G. , Sehnal Petr , Teply Filip , Stary Ivo , Saman David , Fiedler Pavel
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper‐Catalyzed anti‐Stereocontrolled Ring‐Opening of Azabicyclic Alkenes with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Gomez Arrayas Ramon , Cabrera Silvia , Carretero Juan C.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Base‐ and Light‐Assisted Synthesis of Anthracenes from 3‐Allylnaphthalene‐2‐carbaldehydes.
Authors: de Koning Charles B. , Manzini Sunnyboy S. , Michael Joseph P. , Mmutlane Edwin M. , Tshabidi Tefo R. , van Otterlo Willem A. L.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bischalcones — Synthons for a New Class of Bis(heterocycles).
Authors: Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Reddy B. Jagan Mohan , Subbaiah D. R. C. Venkata
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Study the Reactions of Fluoroalkanesulfonyl Azides with N‐Alkylindoles.
Authors: He Ping , Zhu Shi‐Zheng
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Fluorous‐Phase Pummerer Cyclative‐Capture Strategy for the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles.
Authors: McAllister Laura A. , McCormick Rosemary A. , Brand Stephen , Procter David J.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives as Potent β3‐Adrenoceptor Agonists.
Authors: Ha Jae Du , Kang Seung Kyu , Cheon Hyae‐Gyeong , Choi Joong‐Kwon
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Cyclization Reaction of Pyrazolin‐5‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Jung Jae‐Chul , Watkins E. Blake , Avery Mitchell A.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1S,5R‐ and 1R,5S‐Glycoluriles by Diastereospecific α‐Ureidoalkylation of (S)/(R)‐N‐Carbamoyl‐α‐amino Acids with 4,5‐Dihydroxyimidazolidin‐2‐one.
Authors: Chikunov Il'ya E. , Kravchenko Angelina N. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Baranov Vladimir V. , Lebedev Oleg V. , Makhova Nina N.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Study of Reaction Routes in Sulfonation of 2‐Aminothiazoles with Chlorosulfonic Acid.
Authors: Lyashchuk S. N. , Enya V. I. , Doroshenko T. F. , Skrypnik Yu. G.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unexpected Direction of Iodocyclization of 3‐Allylthio‐5‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole.
Authors: Shmygarev V. I. , Kim D. G.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2,3‐Substituted‐1,4‐2H‐tetrazolthione.
Authors: Zhao Pu Su , Jian Fang Fang , Xiao Hai Lian , Hou Yu Xia
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermal Ring Closure Reaction of 4‐Methyl‐7‐(1,1‐disubstituted propyne‐2‐yloxy)chromen‐2‐ones: The Effects of the Substituents at Propargylic Position on Reactivity and Products.
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Ying , Xia Yi , Yang Zhengyu , Xia Peng
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Stilbazolium Analogues as Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Chromophores.
Authors: Tsuji Kyoko , Nishimura Naoyuki , Duan Xuan‐Ming , Okada Shuji , Oikawa Hidetoshi , Matsuda Hiro , Nakanishi Hachiro
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electron Transfer Initiated and Highly Selective Photocyclization of N‐Acyl‐α‐dehydroarylalaninamides to 3,4‐Dihydroquinolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Maekawa Kei , Fujita Kunio , Iizuka Katsuyuki , Igarashi Tetsutaro , Sakurai Tadamitsu
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Simple Synthesis of Substituted Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Begunov R. S. , Ryzvanovich G. A. , Firgang S. I.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alternative Synthesis of Imidazobenzisothiazole Ring.
Authors: Shmyreva Zh. V. , Ponomareva L. F. , Zemtsova T. V. , Frolova V. V. , Titova Yu. N.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Improved Method for Chlorination of Nitrogen‐Containing π‐Deficient Heteroaromatics Using Triphenylphosphine and Trichloroisocyanuric Acid.
Authors: Sugimoto Osamu , Tanji Ken‐ichi
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acyclic Telluroiminium Salts: Isolation and Characterization.
Authors: Mutoh Yuichiro , Murai Toshiaki , Yamago Shigeru
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Hydrostannations of Allenylcarbinols.
Authors: Kazmaier Uli , Klein Manuela
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zirconium(IV) Chloride Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsaturated C, N, O, S, and Heteroaromatic Glycosylation in the Ferrier Rearrangement.
Authors: Swamy Navath Raghavendra , Srinivasulu Masuna , Reddy Thummalapally Srikanth , Goud Thirumani Venkateshwar , Venkateswarlu Yenamandra
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of L‐Pyranosides from 5‐Enopyranosides by Diastereoselective Hydroboration/Oxidation.
Authors: Takahashi Hideyo , Miyama Namisa , Mitsuzuka Haruhiko , Ikegami Shiro
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Glycosyl Amides as Glycosyl Donors in Stereoselective Glycosylation Reactions.
Authors: Pleuss Norbert , Kunz Horst
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nucleosides. Part 11. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 5′‐Alkylthio‐5′‐deoxy Quinazolinone Nucleoside Derivatives as S‐Adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine Analogues.
Authors: Chien Tun‐Cheng , Chen Chien‐Shu , Yu Fang‐Hwa , Chern Ji‐Wang
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Family of Zwitterionic Liquids Arising from a Phase Transition of Ammonium Inner Salts Containing an Ether Bond.
Authors: Yoshizawa Masahiro , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low‐Melting, Low‐Viscous, Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids: N‐Alkyl(alkyl ether)‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium Perfluoroethyltrifluoroborate.
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Bin , Matsumoto Hajime , Tatsumi Kuniaki
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Hg—Ra (Mercury—Radium) System
Authors: Guminski C.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Hg—P (Mercury—Phosphorus) System
Authors: Guminski C.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalysis by Gold/Platinum Group Metals. Mixed Metal Systems Displaying Increased Activity
Authors: Thompson David T.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iron(II) Spin Crossover Systems with Multidentate Ligands
Authors: Toftlund Hans , McGarvey John J.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Functions Containing at Least One As, Sb, or Bi with or Without a Metalloid (Si or Ge) or a Metal
Authors: Fouquet E. , Herve A.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Immobilized Hydrosilylation Catalysts Based on Rhodium 1,3‐Bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐2‐ylidenes
Authors: Imlinger Nicolas , Wurst Klaus , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Supported Synthesis: Applications. Part 28.
Authors: Keller Walter E.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Methods. Part 2. Oxidation and Reduction
Authors: Armstrong Alan , Knight Jamie D.
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Green Look at the Aldol Reaction
Authors: Mestres Ramon
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluorous Mixture Synthesis (FMS) of Enantiomers, Diastereomers, and Compound Libraries
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry Without Reagents: Synthetic Applications of Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis
Authors: McNab Hamish
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lead in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kano Taichi , Saito Susumu
Published: April 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Germanium in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko
Published: April 2005

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Gallium in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: April 2005

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Barium in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira
Published: April 2005

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Calcium in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hwu Jih Ru , King Ke‐Yung
Published: April 2005

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Rubidium and Cesium in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Matsubara Seijiro
Published: April 2005

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Synthetic Methods. Part 1. Free‐Radical Reactions
Authors: Rowlands Gareth J.
Published: April 2005

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A Catalytic Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Reaction: Novel Protocols for Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Xu Li‐Wen , Xia Chun‐Gu
Published: April 2005

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Advances in the Synthesis of Neonicotinoids
Authors: Kovganko N. V. , Kashkan Zh. N. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2005

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Microwaves in Organic Synthesis. Thermal and Non‐Thermal Microwave Effects
Authors: de la Hoz Antonio , Diaz‐Ortiz Angel , Moreno Andres
Published: April 2005

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Oxidative Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in Nitroarenes
Authors: Makosza M. , Paszewski M.
Published: April 2005

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Functionalization of PNA — Novel Strategy for Active Control of DNA Recognition by External Factors Using Peptide Ribonucleic Acids (PRNA)
Authors: Wada Takehiko , Inoue Yoshihisa
Published: April 2005

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Over One Hundred Peptide‐Activated G Protein‐Coupled Receptors Recognize Ligands with Turn Structure
Authors: Tyndall Joel D. A. , Pfeiffer Bernhard , Abbenante Giovanni , Fairlie David P.
Published: April 2005

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Proteases Universally Recognize β Strands in Their Active Sites
Authors: Tyndall Joel D. A. , Nall Tessa , Fairlie David P.
Published: April 2005

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Mesoscopic Solar Cells for Electricity and Hydrogen Production from Sunlight
Authors: Graetzel Michael
Published: April 2005

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X‐ray Diffraction and Scattering
Authors: Canton Patrizia , Meneghini Carlo , Riello Pietro , Benedetti Alvise
Published: April 2005

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Enantioseparation by HPLC using phenylcarbonate, benzoylformate, p‐toluenesulfonylcarbamate, and benzoylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose as chiral stationary phases
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Chiyo , Kamigaito Masami , Okamoto Yoshio
Published: April 2005

Phenylcarbonate, benzoylformate, and p‐toluenesulfonylcarbamate of cellulose and five new benzoylcarbamate derivatives of both cellulose and amylose were synthesized and their chiral recognition abilities were evaluated as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cellulose benzoylcarbamate has a higher chiral recognition ability compared to phenylcarbonate, p‐toluenesulfonylcarbamate, and benzoylformate of cellulose. The benzoylcarbamate derivatives exhibited a characteristic chiral recognition for the racemates, which bear a hydrogen atom capable of hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl group of the benzoylcarbamates. The structures of the benzoylcarbamates were investigated by CD spectroscopy. Chirality 17:299–304, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results of combined‐modality therapy for limited‐stage small cell lung carcinoma in the elderly
Authors: Schild Steven E. , Stella Philip J. , Brooks Burke J. , Mandrekar Sumithra , Bonner James A. , McGinnis William L. , Mailliard James A. , Krook James E. , Deming Richard L. , Adjei Alex A. , Jatoi Aminah , Jett James R.
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND

A Phase III trial was conducted by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group to determine whether chemotherapy (etoposide and cisplatin) plus either twice‐daily radiotherapy (BIDRT) or once‐daily radiotherapy (QDRT) resulted in a better outcome for patients with limited‐stage small cell lung carcinoma (LD‐SCLC). No difference in survival was identified between the two arms. The current analysis examined the relation between age and outcome for patients treated during this trial.

METHODS

The current study included 263 patients with LD‐SCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≤ 2 who were randomized to receive QDRT or split‐course BIDRT. The outcomes of the 209 (79%) younger patients (age < 70 years old) were compared with the 54 (21%) elderly patients (age ≥ 70 years old).

RESULTS

Elderly patients presented with significantly greater weight loss and poorer performance status. The 2‐year and 5‐year survival rates were 48% and 22% for younger patients compared with 33% and 17% for older patients (P = 0.14). One specific toxicity (i.e., Grade ≥ 4 pneumonitis [according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria]) occurred in 0% of those patients age < 70 years compared with 6% of older patients (P = 0.008). Grade 5 toxicity occurred in 1 of 209 (0.5%) patients age < 70 years compared with 3 of 54 (5.6%) older patients (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite having more weight loss, poorer performance status, increased pulmonary toxicity, and more deaths due to treatment, survival was not found to be significantly worse in older individuals. Fit elderly patients with LD‐SCLC can receive combined‐modality therapy with the expectation of relatively favorable long‐term survival. Future research should focus on ways to decrease toxicity especially in the elderly. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma: The experience of the Rizzoli Institute
Authors: Bertoni Franco , Bacchini Patrizia , Staals Eric L. , Davidovitz Peter
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND

Dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma (DPOS) is a variant of osteosarcoma in which a high‐grade sarcoma coexists with a conventional parosteal osteosarcoma (c‐POS), either at presentation (synchronous type) or at the time of recurrence (metachronous type). Only approximately 60 patients have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinicopathologic and radiographic features of a relatively large number of patients with DPOS in an attempt to define further the histologic and biologic behavior of this rare entity.

METHODS

In a series of 120 patients with parosteal osteosarcoma who were seen at the Rizzoli Institute from 1958 to 2000, the authors identified 29 patients who were diagnosed with DPOS. The authors reviewed the clinical and radiologic features, histologic sections, treatments, and outcomes in this group of patients with DPOS.

RESULTS

Twelve patients were male, and 17 patients were female. The patients ranged in age from 15 years to 65 yrs (average, 36 years; median, 32 years). One tumor involved the scapula, one involved the ilium, and another involved the skull. All 26 of the other tumors were located in the long bones (14 in the femur, 5 in the humerus, 3 in the tibia, 3 in the fibula, and 1 in the ulna). In 18 patients, radiographic areas of lucency were seen within an otherwise sclerotic lesion. Histologically, the dedifferentiated component was high‐grade osteoblastic osteosarcoma in 14 patients, fibroblastic osteosarcoma in 10 patients, giant cell‐rich osteosarcoma in 3 patients, and chondroblastic osteosarcoma in 2 patients. All tumors were Stage IIB, and invasion of the medullary canal was detected in 19 patients (65%). Twenty‐eight patients underwent surgery, and 18 of those patients received chemotherapy (5 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 13 patients received adjuvant). Nine patients were dead and 20 patients were alive (average follow‐up, 107 months; range, from 3 months to 36 years) at the last follow‐up. Of the nine patients who died, one patient received no treatment, five patients underwent surgery (with three patients achieving adequate margins) in combination with chemotherapy, and three patients underwent surgery only (with adequate margins achieved). Of the 20 patients who remained alive, 13 patients underwent surgery (with 10 patients achieving adequate margins) in combination with chemotherapy, whereas 7 patients underwent surgery only (all with adequate margins). Seven of the nine patients who died had widespread metastases. One patient died of causes unrelated to the tumor, and another patient died shortly after undergoing resection of a lesion in the skull.

CONCLUSIONS

Dedifferentiation occurred in approximately 24% of patients with c‐POS. The prognosis for patients with DPOS was better than the prognosis for patients with dedifferentiated central and dedifferentiated peripheral chondrosarcoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The risk of developing second cancers among survivors of childhood soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Cohen Randi J. , Curtis Rochelle E. , Inskip Peter D. , Fraumeni Joseph F.
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have shown that children who are treated for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) are at increased risk for developing second cancers. However, the risk for specific cancer sites and variations in risk by treatment and STS histology remain unclear.

METHODS

The study evaluated 1499 children (age < 18 years) who survived for ≥ 1 year after they were diagnosed with STS and who were reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population‐based cancer registries from 1973 to 2000.

RESULTS

Twenty‐seven children developed 28 subsequent primary malignancies, compared with 4.5 expected malignances based on general population rates (observed‐to‐expected [O/E] ratio = 6.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.2–9.1). The risk of developing a subsequent malignancy was increased among children with rhabdomyosarcoma (observed = 11 malignancies; O/E ratio = 7.7), fibromatous neoplasms (observed = 9 malignancies; O/E ratio = 5.8), and other specified STS (observed = 7 malignancies; O/E ratio = 6.5). Initial therapy with radiation and chemotherapeutic agents was associated with a significantly higher risk of second malignancies compared with surgery alone (O/E ratio = 15.2 vs. 1.4; P < 0.0001). Elevated risks were observed for acute myeloid leukemia, cutaneous melanoma, female breast cancer, and sarcomas of the bone and soft tissue, with generally higher risks among patients who initially received combined modality therapy. Excess cancers of the oral cavity were prominent among long‐term survivors. For several children, the pattern of multiple malignancies was consistent with a genetic syndrome, particularly neurofibromatosis type 1 and Li–Fraumeni syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS

The risk of second malignancies was increased for all histologic types of childhood STS and was particularly high among patients who received combined modality therapy. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 by the American Cancer Society.
Risk factors for the development of second primary tumors among men after laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Dikshit Rajesh P. , Boffetta Paolo , Bouchardy Christine , Merletti Franco , Crosignani Paolo , Cuchi Teresa , Ardanaz Eva , Brennan Paul
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND

Second primary tumors (SPT) constitute a major threat to the survival of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. However, to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding the risk factors for developing SPTs or about the strategy to be followed to avoid them.

METHODS

Eight hundred seventy‐six male patients with laryngeal/hypopharyngeal carcinoma enrolled in a population‐based, case–control study in 5 centers from South Europe during 1979–1982 were followed up to ascertain the occurrence of SPTs. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated to estimate the risk of SPT occurring in the cohort. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to estimate the hazard ratio for development of SPTs in relation to use of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits before the first primary tumor.

RESULTS

One hundred forty‐five patients developed an SPT with an annual average rate of 2.1%. An excess risk of developing an SPT of the tongue, mouth, esophagus, and lung was observed. No elevated risks of SPTs were observed in other organs. Alcohol consumption strongly increased the risk of developing an SPT of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). Heavy cumulative cigarette smoking increased the risk of developing a lung SPT. A protective effect of high intake of citrus fruit was noticed for SPT in the lung, whereas high butter intake was associated with an increased risk for SPT of the UADT.

CONCLUSIONS

Continuous medical surveillance was essential in the UADT and lung to reduce the risk from an SPT after initial laryngeal/hypopahryngeal carcinoma. Alcohol consumption before the first primary tumor was a risk factor for SPT of the UADT. The study suggested a protective role of citrus fruits in the development of a lung SPT. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Distribution according to histologic type and outcome by gender and age group in Taiwanese patients with lung carcinoma
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Yu , Chang Chia‐Hsuin , Yu Chong‐Jen , Kuo Sow‐Hsong , Yang Pan‐Chyr
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND

The results from previous studies suggested that the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with lung carcinoma vary between gender and age groups. The objective of the current study was to assess the trend in the evolution of the histologic types in Taiwan and to compare the outcomes of patients with lung carcinoma between different gender and age groups.

METHODS

Patients with primary lung carcinoma were identified through the cancer registry system. Clinical records were reviewed and analyzed for age, gender, disease stage, histology, treatment modalities, and survival. A multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model was applied for gender, age (by decade), histologic type, disease stage, and treatment modality.

RESULTS

Between 1991–1999, 2714 patients with histologically or cytologically proven lung carcinoma were included. Adenocarcinoma was the major cell type of lung carcinoma (52.5%), with a significant trend toward an increase in adenocarcinoma during the study period. A significantly high percentage of adenocarcinoma was demonstrated in female patients (73.5%), who also had better survival compared with male patients (P = 0.002), especially in the group age 50–69 years. Patients age < 40 years also had a poor prognosis, which was worse compared with the prognosis for patients age 40–59 years. patients who had adenocarcinoma had a better survival rate compared with patients who had other histologic types (relative risk, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.87).

CONCLUSIONS

Adenocarcinoma was predominant in female patients and emerged as a greater problem than other histologic types in Taiwan, potentially raising the importance of studies regarding the benefit of population diversity in new antitumor therapies, such as gefitinib. Female patients with lung carcinoma had a better prognosis than male patients in the group age 50–69 years, warranting further studies on potential prognostic factors associated with middle age, such as hormone status. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Adhesion of Sputter‐Deposited Ta to Porous‐Methyl Silsesquioxane Pore Sealed with Molecular Caulk
Authors: Bae D.‐L. , Jezewski C. , Cale T. S. , Senkevich J. J.
Published: April 2005

The adhesion of sputter‐deposited Ta to porous methyl silsesquioxane (MSQ) was investigated with and without molecular caulk technology. Semi‐quantitative four‐point bending results and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) data revealed that the adhesion of the Ta to porous‐MSQ is fragile, and adhesion failure occurs at or near the Ta/porous‐MSQ interface. The adhesion of Ta to porous‐MSQ can be improved by sealing the porous‐MSQ surface with a 40 Å thick molecular caulk layer composed of parylene N (PPX). The calculated adhesion energy for Ta/PPX/porous‐MSQ structure was about 10.5 J m–2. The molecular caulk layer improves the fracture toughness of the fragile porous‐MSQ interphase region due its controllable penetration into the porous material.
CVD with Tri‐nbutylphosphine Silver(I) Complexes: Mass Spectrometric Investigations and Depositions
Authors: Haase T. , Kohse‐Höinghaus K. , Bahlawane N. , Djiele P. , Jakob A. , Lang H.
Published: April 2005

Tri‐nbutylphosphine silver(I) complexes were synthesized and characterized with respect to their suitability for the CVD of silver thin films. The volatility and thermal stability of these complexes were investigated using temperature‐programmed and in‐situ mass spectrometry (MS). Complexes with smaller carboxylate ligands showed superior long‐term stability and had the advantage of evaporation without decomposition. Careful examination of the fragments detected during evaporation and in a CVD reactor allowed us to propose the gas‐phase decomposition mechanisms of some potentially suitable silver precursors. Deposition experiments in a cold‐wall CVD reactor using selected precursors resulted in smooth and conductive silver coatings.