bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of high-performance concrete incorporating high-volume ground scoria rocks as natural pozzolan
Authors: Fares Galal , Alhozaimy Abdulrahman , Alawad Omer Abdulla , Al-Negheimish Abdulaziz
Published: April 2017

In this paper, high-volume ground scoria rocks (SR) are investigated as alternative natural pozzolanic materials to produce sustainable high-performance concrete (HPC). The effects of the source and replacement levels of up to 50% SR (by mass of cement) on the properties of HPC were investigated. Compressive strength greater than 50 MPa at 28 d was achieved for the SR replacement level of 50%. The contribution of SR to the mechanical and microstructural properties is shown to be the result of dual pozzolanic–geopolymeric-like reactions. Permeability and pore size distribution analyses were used to evaluate the contribution of SR to the mechanical improvement in the hardened concrete. Different analysing techniques were used to examine the microstructure. Comparative study of the performance of SR powders against silica fume and fly ash validated the occurrence of the dual reactions in SR mixtures. The results are encouraging and show that SR from the Arabian shield can be used as a non-traditional local source for pozzolanic material to produce durable and sustainable HPC mixtures. The use of SR at a high replacement level of up to 50% will significantly decrease cement consumption and contribute to more sustainable concrete construction in the Gulf region.
La reutilización de aguas depuradas regeneradas a escala mundial: análisis y prospectivas.
Authors: Prats-Rico Daniel
Published: April 2017

El artículo presenta el estado de la reutilización de aguas residuales a escala mundial. Inicialmente se describen los parámetros que definen el mayor o menor déficit de agua, y se muestran las distintas regiones con déficit hídrico. Se revisan las principales causas que provocan el aumento en todo el mundo de esta problemática. Se incluye una breve reseña sobre sucesos históricos relacionados con el uso de aguas residuales, y se describen los usos posibles de las mismas. Se revisa el estado de la reutilización a escala mundial en los distintos países y regiones, según dos estudios realizados en 2008 y 2013. Finalmente se apuntan las principales razones para un continuo crecimiento de la reutilización de aguas residuales en el futuro, que crece paralelamente a la mejora en su tratamiento, identificando los países donde se espera mayor crecimiento. También se describe como las modernas tecnologías para el tratamiento de aguas residuales, permiten el uso directo o indirecto de las aguas regeneradas utilizándolas como aguas potables, describiendo los ejemplos más significativos.
La ampliación del suministro de agua en la Lima colonial a fines del siglo XVI: los primeros problemas y sus soluciones
Authors: Rivasplata-Varillas Paula Ermila
Published: April 2017

En 1578, Lima había construido un sistema de distribución de agua que acercaba las aguas de un manantial a la ciudad. La algarabía ante la llegada del agua de boca a la Plaza Mayor no duró mucho, pues a la par surgieron problemas económicos, técnicos y sanitarios que las autoridades trataron de solucionar, mientras el sistema se ampliaba a los barrios de la ciudad. La disponibilidad de agua de boca en fuentes públicas y privadas significaba poder y prestigio para la ciudad y sus vecinos.
Understanding and finding oil over the centuries: The case of the Wallachian Petroleum Company in Romania
Authors: Gerali Francesco , Gregory Jenny
Published: April 2017

About four centuries passed between the first appearance of pamphlets in which the medical uses of petroleum were discussed (for example, the Tegernsee (southern Bavaria, 1430), Geneva (Swiss Confederacy, 1480), Nurnberg (northern Bavaria, 1500), and the Antwerp (Duchy of Brabant, today Flanders, 1540–1550) pamphlets), and Michael Faraday's discovery in 1825 of the chemical composition of benzene derived from bituminous oil as a compound of carbon and hydrogen. During this long time span, studies of oil, carried out between alchemy and chemistry, benefited from rapid advances and brilliant insights, much as they had moments of stagnation, and disappointing regressions. In 1855 the chemist Benjamin Silliman Jr., of Yale University, proved that crude oil could be decomposed through a process of fractional distillation into a range of fuels and lubricants cheaper than the oils, greases and waxes rendered by animal fats and vegetal matter (Silliman 1855; Forbes 1948 Forbes 1958). In the course of the early 1860s, oil became the main source of illumination first in North America, then in Europe and Australia. This transformation of oil from a substance of limited use into a commodity of mass consumption radically changed the pattern of oil finding and production. Crude was no longer collected just from natural springs or draining seepages, but was pumped out of the ground from wells drilled by machines using steam power. This was the first step toward the modern oil industry, and a breakthrough in the history of energy: the beginning of an oil society.

The first part of this article provides an introduction to the early uses and production of petroleum in Europe, and advances in understanding the nature, the physical properties, and the composition of hydrocarbons. It provides a brief analysis of the interaction between technology, society and the environmental context in northwestern Pennsylvania, where, between 1858 and 1859, a new successful pattern developed to produce oil in commercial quantity. From 1861, that innovative process put the United States in the position to gain increasing shares in the young European mineral oil markets and, subsequently, to jeopardize the position of local oil (vegetal, animal and mineral) producers. The second part, using a national case study approach, explores the history of a British oil company operating in Romania since 1863, the Wallachian Oil Company. This venture by London stockholders—short, difficult, and abortive—is a mirror of the nature of the business implemented by emerging oil companies, not only from Europe, and therefore exemplifies the challenges of setting the modern oil sector in motion in the nineteenth century.
Rooming-In: Creating a Better Experience
Authors: Theo Lois O. , Drake Emily
Published: April 2017

There are both pros and cons to the practice of rooming-in in the hospital after birth. One concern with rooming-in is the impact this experience has on postpartum mothers. Although rooming-in has many benefits, a challenge that mothers face in the early postpartum period is balancing the needs of their newborns while getting adequate rest. To explore this further, semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 postpartum mothers during their hospital stay. The results revealed how postpartum mothers perceived their sleep quality, rooming-in experience, and overall satisfaction. The majority (60%) of the postpartum mothers in this study had a positive rooming-in experience. Nevertheless, many factors were identified as contributors to poor sleep quality as well as positive and negative rooming-in experiences.
Effects of hexavalent chromium on growth , phytotoxicity , tolerance index of Cosmos bipinnatus, Cav. and Celosia cristata, L. - Phytoremediation
Authors: Karthik K. , Sharavanan P.S.
Published: April 2017

Genetically modified (GM) foods are derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally. The introduction of a gene from a different organism or the term genetically modified plants and foods are most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human and animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. But not all genetically modified plants are grown as crops. There are many genetically modified ornamental plants are used for flowering purpose. The latest molecular technology alters the plant quality and used for many purposes. This present study is to investigate phytoremediation based on genetically modified ornamental plants Cosmos bipinnatus, Cav. and Celosia cristata,L. belongs to Astraceae and Amaranthaceae family.   The main aim of the study is remedy for heavy metal pollution and relation to human health, ecosystem and economical disasters of wealthy and poor farmers.
Comparación de la morbimortalidad de meningoencefalitis tuberculosa en pacientes inmunocompetentes e inmunocomprometidos de un hospital general
Authors: Gallardo Ríos María Susana , García Rojas Mariana Andrea , Samalvides Cuba Frine
Published: April 2017

Objetivos: Determinar la morbimortalidad de la meningoencefalitis tuberculosa en pacientes inmunosuprimidos e inmunocompetentes, atendidos en un hospital general. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional. Se revisaron 77 historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de meningoencefalitis tuberculosa entre 2005 y 2014. Se evaluaron variables epidemiológicas, características clínicas y de laboratorio. Para medir la morbimortalidad nos basamos en el cuadro neurológico del paciente al ingreso y al alta. Fueron un total de 49 pacientes inmunocompetentes y 28 pacientes inmunosuprimidos. Resultados: La población más afectada fueron los varones y la media de la edad fue 39,7 ± 18,4 años. Los síntomas más comunes al ingreso fueron anorexia en el 82%, dolor de cabeza en el 77% y el aumento de la frecuencia respiratoria en 66%. Dentro de los síntomas neurológicos al ingreso, el 57% de los pacientes se encontraron en estadio 2, de ellos 29 (66%) pacientes eran inmunocompetentes. Al momento del alta, 75% se encontraron en la categoría 1; y de la categoría 4, 28% de las muertes correspondieron al grupo inmunosuprimidos y 72% al grupo inmunocompetentes, pero la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cefalea (p=0,01), fiebre (p=0,001), nauseas (p=0,038) y frecuencia respiratoria elevada (p=0,0005), que fue más frecuente en inmunosuprimidos. Conclusiones: Parece observarse que la morbimortalidad es mayor en pacientes inmunocompetentes a comparación de los inmunosuprimidos.
DITADURA CIVIL MILITAR NO BRASIL E O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA: leituras variadas e diferentes maneiras de expressão
Authors: Bezerra Viviane Prado , Sales Telma Bessa
Published: April 2017

O artigo busca refletir sobre o período da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil, bem como sobre o período atual, tendo em vista a conjuntura do golpe parlamentar, jurídico e midiático ocorrido em 2016. Através da produção de um documentário “Eu quero ver”, articula entrevistas de jovens professores de História da rede básica de ensino, que estão vivenciando os desdobramentos do golpe atual, com entrevistas de professores que vivenciaram o período ditatorial de outrora. Para tanto, o documentário aponta para reflexões em torno das experiências docentes e das metodologias de ensino acerca da temática do regime militar que são utilizadas por esses professores em suas salas de aula. Tal produção é entendida também como um instrumento de reflexão e publicização de conteúdo histórico, flertando com a História Pública.
POR UMA HISTÓRIA PÚBLICA: filigranando Comunicação e Ensino
Authors: Soares Fagno da Silva , Rovai Marta Gouveia de Oliveira , Porto Junior Francisco Gilson Rebouças
Published: April 2017

A Revista Observatório chega com esperada vivacidade ao seu terceiro ano trazendo com vigor mais um dossiê especial “Por uma História Pública: comunicação e ensino”, que reuniu um conjunto de pesquisas que perscrutam temáticas interdisciplinares, mas tendo em comum a ancoragem no amplo espectro da História Pública. Os artigos aqui apresentados interseccionam dimensões da história para o público e da história com o público, no entrelace entre comunicação e ensino. Para além disso, revelam estudos que esquadrinham os usos do passado e no/do presente na perspectiva da História Pública e suas reverberações socioculturais e políticas, a partir de diferentes linguagens como a cinematográfica, iconográfica, literária, museológica e midiática.
Neste contexto, pretende-se contribuir para a ampliação e consolidação das reflexões teórico-práticas em torno da História Pública no Brasil e suas aproximações com as tecnologias digitais, visando a difusão do conhecimento histórico para além da produção acadêmica, atingindo outros espaços/configurações de produção, divulgação e circulação do saber a outros públicos de ampla audiência. Cabe aos profissionais da contemporaneidade o desafio de filigranar o conceito, o campo, o gerenciamento, os trajetos, os modos, os temas, os problemas e os impactos da História Pública, os desdobramentos na interface entre história e comunicação e suas ubiquidades possíveis na formação da consciência histórica, numa perspectiva transdisciplinar, como é a política editorial desta revista.
EM CARTAZ: festivais de cinema de arquivo – preservação e público
Authors: Muylaert Mager Juliana , Mauad Ana Maria
Published: April 2017

Nas últimas décadas, observa-se o surgimento de festivais dedicados ao cinema de arquivo. No Brasil, foi criado em 2002, pelo Arquivo Nacional, o Recine – Festival Internacional de Cinema de Arquivo, evento que foi substituído pelo Arquivo em Cartaz em 2015. O fenômeno dos festivais se relaciona com o tratamento do patrimônio audiovisual ao longo do século XX e XXI, sendo inseparável da trajetória das instituições arquivísticas. Neste artigo, pretende-se, por meio da análise dos dois festivais, discutir como esses eventos trabalham a tensão entre exibir e preservar, duas das principais funções das cinematecas, colocando em diálogo questões sobre patrimônio/preservação e a relação entre os arquivos e seus públicos.
50 ANOS DE JORNALISMO DA GLOBO: recordar para reafirma
Authors: Santa Cruz Lucia
Published: April 2017

Este artigo analisa a série especial 50 anos de jornalismo da Globo, exibida em cinco episódios ao final do Jornal Nacional, na semana do aniversário de meio século da emissora, em abril de 2015. O conteúdo do programa foi organizado tomando  como  base  a  memória  de  16  jornalistas  que  participaram  das coberturas  dos  principais  fatos  do  período.  Parte-se  da  hipótese  que,  muito mais  que  uma  simples  recordação,  este  especial  tem como  objetivo  evocar  a importância do telejornalismo e reafirmar a qualidade do trabalho desenvolvido pela  emissora.  Esta  iniciativa  se  colocaria,  portanto,  como  um  contraponto  à uma   crescente   desvalorização   dos   meios   noticiosos   tradicionais   e especialmente  à  uma  queda  na  popularidade  da  própria  Rede  Globo.  Como método, empregaram-se a análise documental, a análise textual qualitativa e a análise de enquadramento
PIQUIÁ DA CONQUISTA: a vitória dos de baixo contra os gigantes de ferro
Authors: Sousa Francisco das Chagas , Vacovski Eduardo , Soares Fagno da Silva
Published: April 2017

A pesquisa foi de caráter exploratória através de levantamento bibliográfico em meio físico e em sítios eletrônicos. O artigo analisa o processo de luta e a conquista do reassentamento das 312 famílias do Pequiá de Baixo, em Açailândia-MA, um bairro que o município estabeleceu, sem a participação popular, como parte do Distrito Industrial do município. A Vale e as cinco empresas de siderurgia, os gigantes do ferro, se instalaram nesse distrito industrial que compreende o Pequiá de Cima e o Pequiá de Baixo, implementaram um ritmo de produção que, sem a fiscalização efetiva do Estado, provoca impactos socioambientais na região e na área do Pequiá de Baixo, mais fortemente, onde a população sofre seus efeitos numa agressão à vida. Dessa forma, auxiliada por estudos técnicos de institutos, a população de Pequiá de Baixo apoiada por entidades parceiras (ACMP, CDVDH-CB, Rede Justiça nos Trilhos, Paróquias São João Batista e Santa Luzia e outros), pelo MPE e DPE, decidiu coletivamente, em razão da inviabilidade de convivência com as empresas poluidoras, lutar por uma área livre da poluição conseguida sob luta e resistência, inspiradas nos valores de Vida, nominada eletivamente de PEQUIÁ DA CONQUISTA, de fato a vitória dos de baixo contra os gigantes do ferro.
PINTURA E EDUCAÇÃO OUR EDUCAÇÃO E PINTURA. Uma proposta desde a didática
Authors: Amar Víctor
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo procura recuperar un diálogo, posible y existente, entre la pintura y la didáctica. Dos maneras de pintar y dibujar. La primera sobre un lienzo blanco donde a cada pincelada vamos dando formas; mientras que la segunda se lleva a cabo en el seno de un aula o espado para la educación no reglada. Y es aqui cuando el lapicero dei maestro de primaria disena una verdad que suscribe la intención de la didáctica: contribuir al arte de ensenar todo a todos y todas. Tras un repaso efímero sobre pintura y educación la propuesta didáctica se centra en la práctica. Certero âmbito de intervención de la acción didáctica, que piensa, siente y actúa sobre y para el alumnado. Y pintura y didáctica se dan las manos a la hora de una posible valoración y evaluación, a nivel particular a través de un diário personal, o bien gradas a las prestaciones
Psychoactive constituents of cannabis and their clinical implications: a systematic review
Authors: Casajuana Köguel Cristina , López-Pelayo Hugo , Balcells-Olivero Mª Mercedes , Colom Joan , Gual Antoni
Published: April 2017

Objective This systematic review aims to summarize current evidence on which naturally present cannabinoids contribute to cannabis psychoactivity, considering their reported concentrations and pharmacodynamics in humans. Design Following PRISMA guidelines, papers published before March 2016 in Medline, Scopus-Elsevier, Scopus, ISI-Web of Knowledge and COCHRANE, and fulfilling established a-priori selection criteria have been included. Results In 40 original papers, three naturally present cannabinoids (∆-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, ∆-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinol) and one human metabolite (11-OH-THC) had clinical relevance. Of these, the metabolite produces the greatest psychoactive effects. Cannabidiol (CBD) is not psychoactive but plays a modulating role on cannabis psychoactive effects. The proportion of 9-THC in plant material is higher (up to 40%) than in other cannabinoids (up to 9%). Pharmacodynamic reports vary due to differences in methodological aspects (doses, administration route and volunteers’ previous experience with cannabis). Conclusions Findings reveal that 9-THC contributes the most to cannabis psychoactivity. Due to lower psychoactive potency and smaller proportions in plant material, other psychoactive cannabinoids have a weak influence on cannabis final effects. Current lack of standard methodology hinders homogenized research on cannabis health effects. Working on a standard cannabis unit considering 9-THC is recommended.
Chemsex. Un fenómeno emergente
Authors: Dolengevich-Segal Helen , Rodríguez-salgado Beatriz , Bellesteros-López Jesús , Molina-Prado Rocío
Published: April 2017

Carta al editor.
Validación psicométrica del POSIT para el cribado del consumo de riesgo de alcohol y otras drogas entre adolescentes
Authors: Araujo Manuel , Golpe Sandra , Braña Teresa , Varela Jesús , Rial Antonio
Published: April 2017

La detección precoz del consumo abusivo de alcohol y otras drogas en adolescentes resulta decisiva no sólo para una derivación e intervención rápida en los casos de riesgo, sino también como un indicador a utilizar en la evaluación de los programas de prevención y en las políticas públicas de reducción del consumo. Uno de los instrumentos de screening más utilizados a nivel internacional es el Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) (Rahdert, 1991), cuya subescala de Uso y Abuso de Sustancias (POSITUAS) constituye una herramienta breve de enorme potencial aplicado. Sin embargo, en España no existe todavía ningún estudio de validación empírica que permita garantizar su adecuado funcionamiento psicométrico. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste precisamente en analizar las propiedades psicométricas del POSITUAS en adolescentes españoles. Para ello fueron entrevistados de forma personal 569 estudiantes de entre 12 y 18 años (M = 14,71; DT = 1,79), seleccionados a partir de un muestreo bietápico. Los resultados obtenidos, utilizando la Adolescent Diagnostic Interview (Winters & Henly, 1993) como criterio, permiten informar que la versión española del POSITUAS posee un excelente comportamiento psicométrico, tanto a nivel de consistencia interna (a=,82), como de sensibilidad (94,3%) y especificidad (83,9%), con un área bajo la curva ROC de ,953. Asimismo, la realización de un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio permite constatar el carácter unidimensional de la escala. Como consecuencia se pone a disposición de investigadores y profesionales del ámbito de las conductas adictivas el POSITUAS, que puede ser utilizado en adelante con las garantías psicométricas requeridas.
Acute Medial Scapular Winging in a Hockey Player
Authors: Fleming Jennifer A.
Published: April 2017

Medial scapular winging is a rare finding associated with a long thoracic nerve injury, often due to trauma or iatrogenic causes. Failure to recognize the condition delays referral to essential supportive services during nonoperative monitoring periods, and delays time to repair or reconstruction with operative cases. A careful history and physical examination can aid in detection and diagnosis.
Optimasi Parameter Pemesinan dengan Proses Bubut pada Respon Kekasaran dan Kekerasan Permukaan Material S45-C Menggunakan Metode Taguchi - Grey - Fuzzy
Authors: Yasa Utama Firman , Hartutuk Ningsih Tri
Published: April 2017

Turning is a widely used machining process in which a single-point cutting tool removes material from the surface of a rotating cylindrical work piece..Process efficiency increase  significantly can be obtained by optimizing the process parameters, namely spindle rotation (n), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (a). In this research will optimize the surface roughness and hardness  simultaneously using a combination of turning process parameters. The research was conducted on the material S45-C.Taguchi method is used, which is a combination of fuzzy logic and Taguchi method. Matlab software that has Matlab fuzzy toolbox aided fuzzy logic process. Design experiment using orthogonal array L9 (33) varying the three parameters which each parameters has three levels. Experiment design of L9 orthogonal array varied factor or cutting parameters such as spindle rotation (n), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (a). Since noise factors are excluded from the experimental design, the experiments were conducted with replication. Optimization was done by using grey-fuzzy Taguchi method. The results of the optimization process is a combination of parameters that result in an optimal response. Based on a combination of these parameters will be carried out confirmation test. Confirmation test was done to match the prediction results with the actual response.The results showed a combination of turning process parameters of S45-C that can generate the optimal response is spindle rotation (n)605 Rpm, feed rate (f) of 0,031 mm/minand depth of cut (a) of0,125 mm.
Kajian Numerik Ketebalan Lapisan Redaman Getaran Berbahan Semen untuk Dek Kapal Penumpang
Authors: H. Nugroho Wibowo , J. H. Purnomo Nanang , Suwarni Endah
Published: April 2017

Ship vibration problems today's increasingly complex and often occurs in addition to the strict requirements of ship classification agencies for allowable levels of vibration so that passengers and crew more comfortable and secure. One method for reducing the influence of ship structural vibration is to minimize the response of the vibration by using damper. This paper describes the effect of the thickness of the damping layer made from cement material on the deck plate due to the harmonic load excitation. As cement is a common damper application on the ship deck.  A numerical modeling based on finite element analysis was applied in two-layer conditions, namely an overall and tiling coating. The results of this study indicate that thee minimum thickness of the cement layer has an optimum damping for the overall coating is approximately 8 mm and as for tile coating is approximately 15 mm.
Pembuatan Electric Furnace Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: Suprastiyo Haris , Tjahjanti Prantasi Harmi
Published: April 2017

Electric furnace atau tungku listrik adalah peralatan pemanas yang menggunakan sumber panas dari listrik. Electric furnace konvensional yang ada sekarang terkadang kurang akurasi dalam proses waktu maupun suhu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat mesin electric furnace berbasis mikrokontroler dengan fungsi utama proses pemanasan lebih akurasi terjaga waktu dan suhu dan dapat di atur secara otomatis serta di monitor melalui LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). Metode yang dipakai adalah perancangan awal  sekaligus pembuatannya dan pengujian untuk uji kinerja rangkaian kelistrikan, uji kecepatan pencapaian suhu, dan uji perpindahan panas dengan melakukan pengukuran suhu dari suhu dalam electric furnace hingga suhu permukaan luar pelat. Perhitungan  perpindahan panas dimulai dari dalam dinding electric furnace, batu tahan api (refraktori), pelat besi dan suhu lingkungan dengan panas yang dihasilkan dari elemen listrik berkapasitas 4400 Watt. Diperoleh hasil electric furnace dengan dimensi ruang tungku ukuran 190 mm x 350 mm x 320mm. Uji coba kinerja rangkaian kelistrikan furnace,  di coba pada suhu 800 ˚C di tahan selama 30 menit, hasil yang diperoleh suhu tetap konstan 800˚C. Uji kecepatan untuk pencapaian suhu, electric furnace mampu bekerja hingga tempertur maksimum 1000 ˚C, dengan kecepatan untuk pencapaian suhu 1000 ˚C selama 17.111 detik atau 47,5 jam dengan  rata-rata kenaikan suhu tiap 1˚C adalah 0,1 detik, Laju perpindahan panas total pada dinding electric furnace adalah 6,83W/m2K.Kata kunci : Electric furnace, mikrokontroler, batu tahan api, perpindahan panas
Cómo realizar una medición inteligente basada en indicadores de gestión
Authors: Duque Gutiérrez Gerardo
Published: April 2017

ONTARE. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA

Tomar decisiones en el mundo empresarial no es el resultado de la intuición, sino es el arte de basarse en la información adecuada. Es allí donde aparecen los indicadores de gestión, los cuales desde su concepción deben mantener cierto grado de lógica que se soporta en unas características esenciales, que permitirán establecer comportamientos y tendencias. El medir no es solo generar indicadores sin ninguna razón de ser, ya que solo es válido, sí y solo sí, permite la toma de decisiones, de ahí, que el presente artículo tiene como fin realizar una medición inteligente basada en indicadores.
High Density Survey Data and ESP Placement - Case Studies
Authors: Ledroz Adrián , Shoup Robert , Nicholson Barry , Favrot Thomas
Published: April 2017

Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are widely used as a form of artificial lift. ESPs need to be installed in a straight section of the well to avoid contact and friction between the stationary and rotating parts. In this paper, 4 case studies demonstrate how high density data together with a tortuosity processing algorithm and visualization software reduced failures and workover frequency or lead to alternative forms of artificial lift because of the high tortuosity of the well, all having a significant financial benefit for the operator.

The algorithm uses high density data and computes the wellbore tortuosity, the maximum diameter of a cylindrical device of a given length and the bending of a device placed in a particular section of the well with given length and diameter. The results can be presented as 3D representations of the wellbore.

The first case study focused on a highly tortuous well and the fact that the tortuosity analysis was able to find a 120 ft straight section of well to land the ESP and the pump is still running. A second case study showed that the currently used dogleg severity (DLS) and the tortuosity analysis differ in their conclusion; a pump placed using the tortuosity analysis ran without problems until it was replaced by a beam pump because of production volume. In the third case study, an ESP was placed using DLS information alone and suffered from a broken shaft after less than two weeks. The tortuosity analysis revealed that the wellbore was highly tortuous at the original depth. The pump was placed at a different depth and ran for almost a year until it was replaced by a beam pump due to reduction in production volume. Finally, a forth case study demonstrated the additional benefit of the tortuosity analysis in relation to the speed of descent of the pump and on pump placement.

The use of high density data together with the processing algorithm can effectively be used to determine the best lift type and the best location for the device. In addition, it shows the degree of bending of the device during its descent in the well, which can also help to prevent problems, and has resulted in changes in drilling practices with the focus on wellbore quality.
Well Trajectory Impact on Production from ESP-Lifted Shale Wells: A Case Study
Authors: Yuan Ge , Narvaez Diego A , Xue Han , Nagarakanti Sekhar
Published: April 2017

This paper presents an engineering investigation on the impact of well trajectory on production performance of ESP-lifted shale wells. A representative set of field data was selected as the input data to model the shale well with an ESP installed. Based on these data, a comprehensive analysis of production performance from ESP-lifted shale wells was performed. These wells had the same or similar reservoir characteristics, but different well trajectories including relatively smooth and highly sinuous toe-up and toe-down well trajectories. A transient dynamic multiphase simulator was used to perform the engineering investigation by integrating ESP performance and wellbore models over the life of a shale well, evolving from initial steady natural flow production to late-life unsteady and slugging flow production. From the analysis, the well trajectory does not impact the well production performance of an ESP-lifted well. The slugging flow results in a dramatic gas volume fraction changing from 0 to up to 100% at the pump intake. The study combines multiphase transient modeling (for the specific well trajectory) with reservoir modeling and historic production data. The analysis includes models of the well behavior and instabilities that allow operators to evaluate the application of ESP systems considering well trajectory and optimize timing for installation and withdrawal.
ESP Motors Reinstall Criteria to Maintain Reliability in Cerro Dragon Field
Authors: Marzona Mario , Aguila Adrian , Oyarzun Raul , Teves Ricardo
Published: April 2017

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to share the experience obtained during the past 15 years, with respect to the re-use of motors, the considerations of the applications and the resulting knowledge from the processes of inspection and unit disassembly, which led to the implementation of improvements in the design of the motors used in Pan American Energy in the Golfo San Jorge basin.
Improving ESP Application for Unconventional Wells in the Bakken
Authors: Britvar James , Williams Sandy
Published: April 2017

Operators that are involved in the development of unconventional wells place a lot of focus on improved technology and cost reduction related to horizontal well technology and multi-stage fracture design. A significant development with regard to horizontal well technology came with the use of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). As operators began to use ESPs more regularly, the benefits to estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) and well economics were substantial. By analyzing how operators utilized ESPs, the authors studied and identified how to derive even greater benefits from their use. This paper is a case study illustrating key steps taken to improve the results obtained from the use of ESPs in the Williston Basin.

In its continuing effort to improve operational efficiencies, Oasis Petroleum trialed ESPs for unconventional wells in the Williston basin of North Dakota. The utilization of ESPs greatly increased EUR and well economics. Over a two year period, Oasis has been able to obtain even further benefits from the use of ESPs by implementing an ongoing stimulation optimization program that resulted in higher well productivity and an increasing opportunity to add more value when ESP's were utilized.

Oasis embarked on a process to further improve ESP performance that addressed: training, historic failure causes, enhanced equipment specifications, performance based contracts, improved real-time monitoring and diagnosis, procedure, checklists and failure tracking.

This paper will present the key actions taken to improve the application of ESP's for unconventional reservoirs. Details of main improvements and results will be presented including key actions, impact on ESP run life and benefit on well production. Case histories will be included.
Leveraging Run-Life Data and Industry Collaboration in a Low-Cost Environment
Authors: Sheldon John , Trevisan Francisco , Radke Craig , Alhanati Francisco
Published: April 2017

ESP operators are continually striving to reduce downhole equipment failure rates in order to maximize well uptime, which results in reduced well servicing costs and maximized production. ESP system run-life data tracking and analysis activities are critical for determining appropriate actions that can be taken towards these objectives. These activities have typically included collecting, validating and storing data for a relatively large set of parameters. However, in low-cost operating environments, comprehensive data collection activities are often ranked as a relatively low priority.

This paper proposes a strategy to leverage a relatively smaller data collection effort and high-level analysis, covering only a limited number of critical run-life parameters, to narrow down the most severe reliability challenges. Additional efforts can then be focused on internal and collaborative activities specific to addressing the top challenges, therefore reducing total operating costs. The proposed strategy is based on work conducted within a joint industry project.

This paper discusses two case studies where this strategy was successfully implemented. The first case study relates to the challenges associated with installing and operating ESP systems in horizontal wells and wells with regions of high curvature. Once substantially higher ESP equipment failure rates were confirmed for wells with regions of high curvature, a focused effort by several companies was initiated to correlate equipment failure rates with more detailed well and equipment characteristics to properly establish reasonable operating envelopes. The second case study relates to the identification of a critical equipment sub-component with a relatively high failure rate in certain applications. Upon the sub-component being identified, a focused industry effort was initiated through lab testing to determine which designs may be more robust, given the specific demands of the application.

The above case studies have shown that, by structuring the data collection process to include an initial limited data collection effort, key challenges can be effectively identified and then limited available resources can be leveraged through industry collaboration to undertake actions that have the potential to lower operating costs and increase production.
Installation of Electric Submersible Pump as Artificial Lift Method in Low Flow Rate Wells, a Case History
Authors: Del Pino J. J. , Martin J. L. , Vargas H. , Maldonado J. S. , Rubiano E. , Núñez W. , Sánchez L. M. , Prada J. , Gómez S. , Sarkis N. , Gonzalez A.
Published: April 2017

Historically, electric-submersible pumps (ESP) were designed for a production above 3,000 BFPD. For lower flow rates it was necessary to install another artifical lift method such as beam pump (BP).

In the Caño Limón and La Cira-Infantas fields, located in Colombia with 30 and 98 years of production respectively, the number of wells with flow rates lower than 1,000 BFPD has been increasing as well as the number of wells with BP as a lift system.

The increase of failures in BP systems, and the greater cost of the completions compared to ESP, made it necessary for the analysis of other artificial lift methods to handle the required flow rates.

Therefore, in 2013, the implementation of ESP technologies with a nominal flowrate of 1,000 BFPD were carried out without failures associated with the ESP system, showing that they were able to work under such conditions, reaching rates between 50 and 1,000 BFPD, thus becoming an effective option to replace the wells with BP, as long as the conditions of pressure and submersion allowed it. In La Cira Infantas field, 60 wells with rod faults of the BP system have been successfully replaced by ESP systems with flow rates ranging from 400 to 2,000 BFPD.

This work explores the possibility of installing ESP technology in wells where it was not previously seen as an option, presenting the results of the implementation of this technology producing even lower flow rates than those in the initial sizing, reducing the number of failures and the costs associated with the continuous interventions of the Mechanical Pumping systems.
Live Well Deployment of Retrievable ESP Systems, Case Histories
Authors: Nutter Greg , Malone David , Patterson John
Published: April 2017

Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are frequently the optimal artificial lift option to cost-effectively maximize reservoir recovery and production. However, the full potential of ESPs in offshore and remote locations has historically been limited by two key challenges: rig deployment and the inability to access the reservoir without pulling the production tubing.

In order to reduce the burden operators face when utilizing conventional ESP systems, the company has developed a system that makes installation and retrieval of an ESP as simple as running a production logging tool; radically reducing the cost and downtime associated with ESP workovers by utilizing a lightweight slickline unit instead of a rig or workover unit to replace the ESP.
Optimization techniques for leakage management in urban water distribution networks
Authors: Gupta Aditya Dinesh , Bokde Neeraj , Marathe Dushyat , Kulat Kishore
Published: April 2017

Reduction of leakages in water distribution systems (WDSs) is one of the major concerns for water industries. This paper presents a leakage reduction technique using pressure management by optimizing the water level in storage tanks, along with optimized control and localization of pressure-reducing valves (PRVs) in WDSs. A new mathematical tank and pump simulation algorithm is presented for controlling pressure in WDSs, by optimizing the water storage level in the tank depending upon the demand variations. The tank is used as a decision variable for the leakage reduction model. A modified reference pressure algorithm is introduced for improving PRV localization. A multiobjective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to find the optimized operational control setting of the PRV for leakage minimization. The proposed algorithm leads to a leakage reduction of 26.51% in Anytown WDS and 20.81% in a modified benchmark WDS. This technique leads to an appreciable reduction in leakage rate, with fewer PRVs required, taking into account constraints such as maintaining a lower hydraulic failure index (<0.01), emergency storage, etc. It can be concluded that the proposed novel leakage reduction technique provides a more cost effective and efficient solution for leakage control.
Cost assessment of different routes for phosphorus recovery from wastewater using data from pilot and production plants
Authors: Nättorp A. , Remmen K. , Remy C.
Published: April 2017

Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater has considerable potential to supplement limited fossil P reserves. Reliable cost data are essential for investor and policymaker decisions. In this study, investment and operational costs for nine P recovery processes were calculated from the investor's perspective, taking into account all relevant side effects on the sludge treatment or the wastewater treatment plant. The assessment was based on pilot and full-scale data which were thoroughly consolidated and standardized with technical and cost data from the German wastewater–sludge treatment train to enable direct comparison. The cost influence of precipitation processes on the current wastewater–sludge treatment train ranges from −0.14 (generating profit) to 0.23 EUR per population equivalent (PE) and year, while the cost influence of sludge leaching processes is around 2.50 EUR/(PE y). The cost influence of processes using dry sludge and mono-incineration ash varies between 0.33 and 3.13 EUR/(PE y), depending on existing disposal pathways, mono-incineration, co-incineration or agricultural use of sludge. The specific costs per kg P recovered (−4 to 10 EUR/kg P) are in general higher than conventional fertilizer production (1.6 EUR/kg P). However, annual costs per PE represent less than 3% of the total costs for wastewater disposal.
Elevational characteristics of the archaeal community in full-scale activated sludge wastewater treatment plants at a 3,660-meter elevational scale
Authors: Niu Lihua , Zhang Xue , Li Yi , Wang Peifang , Zhang Wenlong , Wang Chao , Wang Qing
Published: April 2017

Due to the important roles of archaea in wastewater treatment processes, archaeal communities have been studied extensively in various anaerobic reactors, but the knowledge of archaeal communities in full-scale activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains quite poor. In this study, 454-pyrosequencing was for the first time employed to investigate archaeal communities from 20 full-scale activated sludge WWTPs distributed at a 3,660-meter elevational scale in China. Results showed that archaeal communities from WWTPs were dominated by Methanosarcinales (84.6%). A core archaeal population (94.5%) composed of Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina, Methanogenium and Methanobrevibacter was shared among WWTPs. The elevational pattern of archaeal communities was observed in WWTPs, with an elevational threshold associated with archaeal community richness and structures at approximately 1,500 meters above sea level (masl). A declining trend in community richness with increasing elevation was observed at higher elevations, whereas no trend was presented at lower elevations. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the archaeal community richness at higher elevations was associated with more environmental variables than that at lower elevations. Redundancy analysis indicated that wastewater variables were the dominant contributors to the variation of community structures at higher elevations, followed by operational variables and elevation.
Main methods of construction of the «Digital profile» model on the example of schools in Moscow
Authors: Samborskaya Lyubov Nikolaevna , Myasnikova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2017

The article presents the basic principles of construction of models of digital profiles of the student, class, school and teacher. The initial data, presented in the impersonal form, consist of students’ grades from three Moscow schools. The data have been obtained from the «electronic diary» and handed over to the Department of Education of Moscow to work on it.
Role of Internet slogans in the political discourse of modern Runet
Authors: Zykova Elena Igorevna
Published: April 2017

This article analyzes the functioning of the Internet in the modern Runet slogans, as well as the definition of their role in the political discourse of language as an effective means of manipulating public consciousness. The analysis shows that in Runet among numerous idiomatic means of expression were specific slogan to the online space, which carry socially significant meaning. These Internet slogans are insulated public opinion, civic position that undoubtedly debarking of the most powerful means of social influence and social manipulation.
Obtaining and research of materials for spintronic devices
Authors: Zhizhin Vladimir Vyacheslavovich , Kolpakov Semyon Vladimirovich
Published: April 2017

The article presents the research of spintronic devices. According to the authors, using extraction and pyrolytic method it was possible to obtain tertiary oxide in La-Sr-MnO system and to research magnetic behavior of obtained film.
Holiday as an expression of mythical mind of a modern man in C. Pavese’s works
Authors: Smagina Ekaterina Vladimirovna
Published: April 2017

This article analyses the main elements of Cesare Pavese’s poetics, an Italian writer of XX century. It is focused on the fundamental theme of festivity as a collective ritual of the mythical, sacral initiation.
World outlook aspects of problems of science
Authors: Konstantinova Anna Vladimirovna
Published: April 2017

The article explores the world outlook perspective of science as a part of culture of society, characterizes the main content of functions of science during globalization of states and peoples. The anti-chaos maintenance of science is estimated by its primary sign.
Detection of methods of controlling system of external environment
Authors: Surikova Evgenia Sergeevna , Filistovich Anastasia Sergeevna
Published: April 2017

The researchers of this article describe the methods of external environment control and the prospects of its implementation in the company. It was concluded that the environment control services use both general scientific and specific research methods.
The main social roles of English language in Russia in their connection with CLIL university teaching and classroom interaction
Authors: Pavenkova Maria Rubtcova , Pavenkov Oleg
Published: April 2017

This study investigated the main social roles of English language in Russia in their connection with CLIL university teaching and classroom interaction. Data comes from two stage expert research with CLIL and ESL university teachers (N=33). They were asked about the social roles of English language in the nowadays Russian universities and preferable conception for future development of CLIL university program. Four conceptions were chosen by experts: Global English, Russian English, multilingual conception and English as an investment. The features of each concept were identified and discussed in terms of their influence on the process of CLIL education. The Â«conceptions-leadersÂ» were determined by ranking. They are Russian English and Multilingual conception. Â Despite the fact that the concept of Russian English considered appropriate at the present time, future preferences are associated with the concept of multilingualism.