bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of functional coatings by supersonic thermal plasma flows
Authors: Kuzmin V I , Gulyaev I P , Sergachev D V , Palagushkin B V , Lebedev O Y
Published: December 2021

Development of modern high-speed technologies for thermal spraying proves that deposition of high-quality dense coatings requires velocity of sprayed particles to be 600 m/s and above. Plasma spraying is the most versatile and highly productive deposition method of various functional coatings without any limitations on the melting points of the sprayed materials. Present work describes a DC plasma torch designed for operation in a supersonic mode. The supersonic plasma torch features de Laval nozzle, utilization of air as a plasma-forming gas, and annular injection unit for delivery of the powder to the plasma jet. The comparison of NiCr and NiAl coatings deposited both in subsonic and supersonic modes are presented. Methods for further increasing the sprayed particles’velocity and the requirements for their heating temperature are proposed.
Conversion of the wavelength distribution to the energy spectrum of the wave
Authors: Sichkarev V I , Palagushkin B V
Published: December 2021

When designing a vessel, spectral calculating methods of wave induced oscillation are used, and during vessel operation, available technical means allow us to obtain only the pitch spectrum. For a complete solution of navigational tasks, it is necessary to have a wave disturbance spectrum and pitch amplitude-frequency characteristic as well. The latter function can be received in sailing, if obtaining the actual wave disturbance spectrum is possible. The lack of available and sufficiently accurate methods of actual wave disturbance assessment in modern navigation creates the need to use statistical mathematical models in addition to available information in order to connect various wave elements. Taking into account the possibility of obtaining the wavelength distribution from the wave field radar image, a hypothesis is formulated about the possibility of using a statistical mathematical connection between the wind wave lengths and heights. Within the proposed hypothesis, an algorithm is presented for converting the actual wavelength probability distribution obtained from wave field radar images into the disturbance frequency spectrum. The conclusion is made about possible application of the hypothesis in pitch transfer function assessment.
Universal programmable portable measurement device for diagnostics and monitoring of hydraulic and pneumatic equipment
Authors: Dindorf R , Wos P
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a new universal programmable portable measuring device (PMD) intended for the diagnostic and monitoring of hydraulic and pneumatic equipment. PMD offers a simple, complete, and efficient remote monitoring and diagnostic solution for hydraulic and pneumatic equipment. PMD is designed for measurement, recording, and processing of data as well as graphical visualization of registered results on a test stand or in the operating site of hydraulic and pneumatic equipment. PMD is designed to measure parameters used in servicing, repairing, monitoring, and diagnosing hydraulic and pneumatic equipment. Usually, fluidic characteristic quantities (pressure, flow rate, temperature), mechanical quantities (position, linear speed, rotational speed, force, torque, shaft power), and electrical quantities (voltage, current, power) is measured. PMD with WiFi communication is adopted to transfer measurement data via the Industry Internet of Things (IIoT) technology to remote online monitoring and diagnostic hydraulic and pneumatic equipment. Sensors, controllers, and other devices are connected to the computing gateway via their respective protocols.
Radio signal time delay estimation performance of TDOA/SSR-based source localization systems
Authors: Ivanov S I , Kuptsov V D , Fedotov A A , Badenko V L
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the development of an algorithm for the optimal Radio Signal Time Delay Estimation Performance in passive location systems of stationary targets based on the TDOA method in two-dimensional space. A realistic model of the radio signal at the input of sensors (base station receivers) is considered, considering the random power value as a function of the distance to the source. The optimal estimate is based on the strategy of maximum posterior probability density. The calculation of the statistical characteristics of the obtained estimate of the radio signal delay time is carried out. The Bayesian Cramér - Rao lower bound (BCRLB) of the latency estimate is calculated. It is shown that the use of a priori statistical information on the path loss of a radio signal model can improve the accuracy of estimating the propagation delay time of a radio signal in TDOA/SSR-Based Source Localization Systems.
Forced electric heating use for guaranteed quality of concrete clutching, restoring reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Molodin V , Leonovich S , Shpanko S
Published: December 2021

Concrete adhesion is a decisive factor in restoring performance of reinforced concrete structures. Peeling of the repair concrete is observed, during the structures restoring that have been in operation for a long time in aggressive conditions. The studies of the carbon dioxide effect on cement stone showed crystalline framework destruction of the material and a decrease in its cohesive strength. This has a significant effect on grip. The use of forced heating of the repair mixture when it is placed in contact with the restored structure leads to the temperature gradients that enhance thermal diffusion and thus the impregnation of the damaged cement stone with the liquid phase from the repair concrete mixture. Crystallizing, the cement dissolution products form a new crystalline structure in the damaged cement stone, which enhances its cohesive strength and binds the repair concrete to the intact concrete structure of the restored structure, ensuring adhesion quality.
The use of sorption and excess sorption isotherm in the mathematical modeling of the unsteady-state heat and humidity regime of the building envelope
Authors: Zhou Z , Zubarev K P
Published: December 2021

In the given article the development of the moisture transfer equation based on the theory of moisture potential is considered. The task of combined heat and moisture transfer is one of the most complicated tasks in the building thermal physics field. The classical equations of moisture transfer by K.F. Fokin representing the transfer of moisture under the action of partial transfer potentials - the gradient of the partial pressure of water vapor and the gradient of humidity F - are listed. The possibility of uniform accounting of the combined water vapor transfer on the basis of the moisture potential F is described. The sorption isotherm for aerated concrete is constructed in accordance with the experiment carried out in a desiccator with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. A new equation of moisture transfer which takes into account moistening with vaporous moisture in the sorption zone of moisture and liquid moisture in the excess sorption zone of moisture is derived. In order to simplify the work with the obtained equation a new value of the relative potential capacity is introduced. A graph construction of sorption and excess sorption isotherms which are obtained using an analytical expression for the relative potential capacity is proposed. In the sorption zone of humidification the sorption and excess sorption isotherms coincide with the classical sorption isotherm. Meanwhile, in the excess sorption zone of humidification the sorption and excess sorption isotherms depend on temperature.
Numerical study of forced convective heat exchange in spherical fillings of regular structure: determination of heat characteristics
Authors: Koroleva A , Frantsuzov M , Antanenkova I
Published: December 2021

The required operation of a heat exchanger with spherical filling depends on determining the heat characteristic of the porous medium. Using most existing dependencies to determine the heat-exchange coefficient in a porous medium gives contradictory results. This paper proposes a calculation method to determine heat characteristics of a porous medium (namely, spherical filling) using numerical modeling. This issue is addressed in a 3D setting using the RANS equation systemk- ε RNG, a turbulence model, energy and state equations for gas flows through the porous medium represented as regular packed beds of three types. Two modes are considered, which differ in the working medium type and heat exchange process direction. Modeling is done to determine the following parameters; Reh=100…4·104, Prwb=0.57… 0.919, ε=0.2595… 0.4764, Twb=300… 1900 K, Tw=300… 1900 K. The analysis results of the influence of the temperature factor, porosity, and heat physical properties of the working medium on the heat exchange are represented. Heat characteristics are given for each case scenario: about 360 reference points are obtained. A modified type of criterial dependencyNusf(Reh) is proposed and approximation coefficients are determined.
Digital technological model of heat exchange control in an air heat pump in a low-rise building
Authors: Fedosov S V , Fedoseev V N , Emelin V A , Loginova S A
Published: December 2021

The use of air source heat pumps together with other renewable energy devices and highly efficient heating equipment together with digital control systems is a promising European trend that continues to grow in the face of rising prices for traditional energy sources. The article presents a number of technical energy-saving solutions, such as a mixing chamber for HVH, built into the heat supply system and the use of a supply and exhaust ventilation system, in which the principle of recuperation is incorporated. A digital modular-functional-structural diagram of heat generation of a heat carrier from the environment is proposed. Relying on the energy efficiency of the circuit design with an electric boiler, a buffer tank and a patented mixing chamber, the authors achieve a rationally controlled heat and air exchange of a combined heat pump system for heating premises. Automation of the joint work of rationally selected elements of the heat pump air system is one of the Smart Home technologies that improve the efficiency of heat supply, create comfortable living conditions and safety through digitalization of the control algorithm for this system.
Digital sovereignty of Russia based on the element base of topological nanostructures on a solid surface induced by laser radiation
Authors: Arakelian S M , Kucherik A O , Bukharov D N , Khudaiberganov T A
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this work is to develop breakthrough technologies and technology transfer in the field of topological photonics, nanoelectronics and new materials with controlled functional and structural characteristics using a unique line of the Vladimir State University (VlSU) equipment (within the framework of the corresponding created structures - Centre of collective use, Center for Structural Materials Science and Breakthrough Engineering Physical Technologies, Center for Engineering Competencies, etc.) for carrying out work in the direction of high-tech industrial sectors. The report deals with the following issues on this topic: basic physical and scientific and technical principles, methods for measuring laser-induced structures on the surface of materials in real time, obtaining surface nanostructures on solid materials by deposition from colloidal systems using a two-stage scheme with laser ablation, modeling macroscopic quantum states in the functional properties of laser-induced 4d-topological nanoclusters in thin films on a solid surface and experimental demonstration of the work of real prototypes.
Model the structure of nano-modified aluminium alloy with the addition of boron carbide
Authors: Bukharov D N , Arakelyan S M , Prusov E S , Panfilov A A , Samyshkin V D , Skryabin I O , Osipov A V
Published: December 2021

Nanocomposite thin films based on Al-Si alloy with the addition of boron carbide (B4C) particles are widely used in various fields of modern high-tech industry. For their synthesis, the method of laser nanomodification was used, which made it possible to obtain samples with a dendritic structure. The parameters of laser radiation were selected on the basis of preliminary modeling of the temperature field of the system. To describe the ensemble of nanodendrites on the surface, we used modeling of their structure in variable phase field and temperature for the initial stages, as well as the approximation of diffusion-limited aggregation and fractal Brownian motion for subsequent time intervals. The model showed satisfactory adequacy, estimated on the basis of the ratio of fractal dimensions of experimental and model structures. The proposed approach can be useful for predicting the structure of nanomodified aluminum alloys with various additions.
Laser synthesis of a weakly agglomerated aluminium oxide nanopowder doped with terbium and ytterbium
Authors: Kharkova A V , Kochuev D A , Davidov N N
Published: December 2021

This paper describes a method of femtosecond laser synthesis of nanoparticles of powdered aluminum oxide doped with terbium and ytterbium was developed. The formation of a plasma torch of nanoparticles of a powdery material is carried out as a result of ablation under the influence of a sharply focused beam of femtosecond laser radiation with an intensity of 108- 1010W/m2. The radiation source is the TETA-10 laser system. SEM images of the obtained nanopowders are presented. Spherical nanoparticles of narrow particle size distribution in the range from 5 to 15 nm was synthesized with the ability to control the size of nanoparticles by purposefully changing the parameters and characteristics of pulsed radiation in the treatment area. The design of a specialized high-voltage electrostatic precipitator up to 25 kV for capturing ablated nanoparticles in an electron cloud of increased concentration was developed.
Nanostructuring of the tungsten surface under the action of femtosecond laser radiation
Authors: Khorkov K S , Kochuev D A , Chernikov A S , Chkalov R V , Arakelian S M
Published: December 2021

In the paper, we show the possibility of nanostructured tungsten surface by femtosecond laser radiation. The features of the LIPPS formation are also shown. The dependence of the formation of the structuring region on the number of femtosecond laser pulses is shown. Based on the analysis of experimental data, the formation mechanisms of nanostructures are discussed.
The laser radiation parameters control method based on the digital video system registration
Authors: Shepelev A , Antipov A , Putilov A , Osipov A , Arakelian S
Published: December 2021

The paper describes a method of a beam radiation parameters analysis. Such analysis bases on the laser beam registration in the plane of a diffusely reflecting screen and digital processing of the registered image. The algorithm of the laser beam spatial parameters determination is presented and realized programmatically. The experiment was carried out using a digital high-speed video system and a solid-state pulsed periodic laser based on a Cr3+: BeAl2O4 alexandrite crystal. A comparison of the proposed method with a standardized method based on the registration of radiation by a matrix photodetector is presented. The development of measure methods of the laser radiation parameters is necessary due to the appearance of new sources of laser radiation and their use in various applications.
Formation of highly concentrated heterogeneous flows during plasma deposition of powder materials
Authors: Kuzmin V I , Gulyaev I P , Sergachev D V , Palagushkin B V , Lebedev O Y , Menzilova M G
Published: December 2021

Most industrial installations for plasma spraying of powder materials are equipped by nozzles with local (radial) powder input into the thermal plasma jet generated by the plasma torch. Such a local input of the sprayed material significantly perturbs the flow of the plasma jet, and causes dispersion of temperature and velocity of the particles of the sprayed powder materials. This work presents study of high-temperature heterogeneous flows generated by the electric arc plasma torch PNK - 50 with an annular (circular) input unit of powder materials with their gas-dynamic focusing developed at ITAM SB RAS. The performed experiments proved that the annular injection of a powder material guarantees the stable formation of a highly concentrated flow of thermal plasma with particles of sprayed powder materials. The comparative analysis clearly showed the advantages of annular powder input unit with its gas-dynamic focusing. In contrast to local point injection, axisymmetric annular injection practically does not disturb the jet of thermal plasma and, thus, significantly increases the efficiency of interphase exchange.
Effect of aging on low-temperature crack resistance and water stability of polyester fiber asphalt mixture
Authors: Wu Jinrong , Niu Zhaoxu , Chen Haiyan
Published: December 2021

In order to study the influence of different aging conditions on the low-temperature crack resistance and water stability of polyester fiber asphalt mixture. Prepare standard Marshall specimens of asphalt mixture with 0.4% polyester fiber doping, and carry out water immersion Marshall test and low temperature splitting test through indoor asphalt mortar aging, asphalt mixture short-term aging and long-term aging. The results show that: under the three aging conditions, when the water immersion and low temperature time are fixed, with the increase of the aging degree, the water stability and low temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture decrease. When the immersion time is 2 h, the stability of asphalt mortar aging and short-term aging decreases by 6.0% and 11.8%, respectively, compared with unaging, but the long-term aging is only 3.6% lower than the short-term aging. When the temperature is −5 °C, the split tensile strength of asphalt mortar aged and short-term aged increases by 4.24% and 14.35%, respectively, compared with unaging, while long-term aging only increases 4.18% compared with short-term aging. This indicates that the short-term aging condition has the most significant effect on the water stability and low-temperature crack resistance of polyester fiber asphalt mixes. At the same time, this study established a regression equation between the test temperature and the low temperature evaluation index through quadratic fitting (the correlation coefficient is 0.960–0.998), and the regression relationship can be used to estimate the low temperature evaluation index at different test temperatures.
Theories with few non-algebraic types over models, and their decompositions
Authors: Braunfeld Samuel , Laskowski Michael
Published: December 2021

We consider several ways of decomposing models into parts of bounded size forming a congruence over a base, and show that admitting any such decomposition is equivalent to mutual algebraicity at the level of theories. We also show that a theory

T
T

is mutually algebraic if and only if there is a uniform bound on the number of coordinate-wise non-algebraic types over every model, regardless of its cardinality.
ALDPI: adaptively learning importance of multi-scale topologies and multi-modality similarities for drug–protein interaction prediction
Authors: Hu Kaimiao , Cui Hui , Zhang Tiangang , Sun Chang , Xuan Ping
Published: December 2021

Motivation

Effective computational methods to predict drug–protein interactions (DPIs) are vital for drug discovery in reducing the time and cost of drug development. Recent DPI prediction methods mainly exploit graph data composed of multiple kinds of connections among drugs and proteins. Each node in the graph usually has topological structures with multiple scales formed by its first-order neighbors and multi-order neighbors. However, most of the previous methods do not consider the topological structures of multi-order neighbors. In addition, deep integration of the multi-modality similarities of drugs and proteins is also a challenging task.

Results

We propose a model called ALDPI to adaptively learn the multi-scale topologies and multi-modality similarities with various significance levels. We first construct a drug–protein heterogeneous graph, which is composed of the interactions and the similarities with multiple modalities among drugs and proteins. An adaptive graph learning module is then designed to learn important kinds of connections in heterogeneous graph and generate new topology graphs. A module based on graph convolutional autoencoders is established to learn multiple representations, which imply the node attributes and multiple-scale topologies composed of one-order and multi-order neighbors, respectively. We also design an attention mechanism at neighbor topology level to distinguish the importance of these representations. Finally, since each similarity modality has its specific features, we construct a multi-layer convolutional neural network-based module to learn and fuse multi-modality features to obtain the attribute representation of each drug–protein node pair. Comprehensive experimental results show ALDPI’s superior performance over six state-of-the-art methods. The results of recall rates of top-ranked candidates and case studies on five drugs further demonstrate the ability of ALDPI to discover potential drug-related protein candidates.

Contact

zhang@hlju.edu.cn
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Review of the Evidence for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Nyirjesy Paul , Brookhart Carolyn , Lazenby Gweneth , Schwebke Jane , Sobel Jack D
Published: December 2021

Background

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common cause of vulvovaginal itching and discharge. This article discusses the latest CDC STI Treatment Guidelines for VVC.

Methods

A literature search of relevant topics was performed, and a team of experts was convened to discuss (1) diagnosis/testing modalities; treatment of (2) uncomplicated VVC , (3) complicated VVC, and (4) VVC caused by non-albicans yeast; (5) alternative treatment regimens; (6) susceptibility testing of yeast; Special Populations: (7) pregnancy and (8) HIV and VVC.

Results

Yeast culture remains the gold standard for diagnoses. Newer molecular assays have been developed for the diagnosis of VVC and perform well. Azole antifungals remain the treatment of choice for uncomplicated VVC. Two new drugs, TOL-463 and recently FDA-approved ibrexafungerp, appeared promising in clinical trials. For recurrent VVC, oteseconazole, not yet commercially available, may represent a new option. For non-albicans yeast infections in symptomatic patients, boric acid appears useful. No evidence supports the use of alternative treatments, including probiotics. Fluconazole during pregnancy may be associated with spontaneous abortion and craniofacial and heart defects. In women with HIV infection, lower CD4+ T-cell counts are associated with increased rates of VVC, and VVC is associated with increased viral shedding. Treatment measures in women with HIV infection are identical to those women without HIV infection.

Conclusions

There has been significant new knowledge generated about VVC since the 2015 CDC Guidelines which have led to changing recommendations.
Readiness of cardiosurgical patients for digital rehabilitation programs
Authors: Pomeshkina S , Zvereva T N , Krupyanko E V , Pomeshkina E E , Barbarash O L
Published: December 2021

Introduction

To date, the methods of remote rehabilitation using the mobile applications for smartphones are increasingly introduced for a particular category of cardiac patients worldwide. Such programs are of a particular relevance due to a higher accessibility for a patient which is provided by the flexibility of the patients' home training schedule and the possibility of constant communication with a cardiologist and rehabilitation therapist.

Purpose

To study the readiness of the patients to participate in the remote digital cardiac rehabilitation program.

Methods

265 patients (180 (68%) men and 85 (32%) women) undergone a cardiac surgery and staying at the cardiac surgery department were examined. The mean age of the patients was 67±11.9 years. 157 (59%) patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 73 (34%) patients – heart valves surgery, 13 (5%) patients – simultaneous CABG and heart valves surgery and 5 (2%) – hybrid CABG with carotid endarterectomy.

Prior to the discharge from the first inpatient rehabilitation stage (10–12 days after cardiac surgery), all the patients underwent a survey. The survey was conducted using a designed questionnaire including 5 questions, the answers to which determined the patients' awareness of the necessity and the structure of postoperative remote rehabilitation using the digital technologies, as well as the willingness and the possibility to participate in these programs.

Results

Analyzing the results obtained from the survey it turned out that the majority of patients (258 (97%)) believe that they need cardiac rehabilitation. However, only 86 (32%) patients answered positively to the question about their readiness to participate in remote digital rehabilitation programs. When analyzing the reasons for such a low readiness of patients to participate in remote programs it turned out that 98 (37%) patients didn't have smartphones. 10 (4%) patients despite the presence of a smartphone, refused to participate referring to their inability to use considering themselves incapable of learning it. 71 (27%) patients simply refused claiming that they don't understand the necessity for remote cardiac rehabilitation.

Conclusions

Thus, only a small number of the patients (32%) are ready to participate in remote digital programs of cardiac rehabilitation. A considerable amount of the patients (37%) can't afford to participate in a remote rehabilitation program only due to the absence of the smartphone and 27% of the patients are not ready to participate in a remote cardiac rehabilitation program not understanding the importance of distance cardiac rehabilitation for them.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None.
A Scoping Review of Aging Experiences Among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse People in Australia: Toward Better Aging Policy and Cultural Well-Being for Migrant and Refugee Adults
Authors: Georgeou Nichole , Schismenos Spyros , Wali Nidhi , Mackay Karin , Moraitakis Elfa
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives

Australia’s population is growing, aging, and becoming more ethnically diverse, resulting in barriers and challenges around social inclusion for non-English-speaking migrants and refugees. This scoping review investigates the experiences of aging within Australia among older adults from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrant and refugee backgrounds to identify barriers to social integration.

Research Design and Methods

A scoping review of English language literature and gray literature on the experiences of aging among CALD migrants and refugees living in Australia was conducted from January 2000 to January 2021, according to Arksey and O’Malley’s review process. A total of 34 studies were identified for analysis.

Results

Three primary themes were identified: (a) sociocultural similarities in settlement experiences, (b) engagement with technology for social connection, and (c) engagement with family and community networks.

Discussion and Implications

Aging, language, sociocultural, and technology contexts shape attitudes to belonging, as well as access to sociomedical services. We argue a cultural well-being framework may assist in developing policy for improved social integration of older CALD adults. As the focus is on social and cultural experiences, all studies with a primary focus on medical and other chronic conditions were excluded. Future studies could include health-related articles to present a more comprehensive approach regarding older CALD adult needs. Follow-up research could focus on the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the experiences of older adults in Australia, in particular those of CALD backgrounds.
Burn Lessons Learned From the Whakaari White Island Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Baker Paul , Locke Michelle , Moazzam Amber , Taylor Matthew , Stapelberg Francois , Wong She Richard
Published: December 2021

New Zealand’s most active volcano, Whakaari White Island was a common tourist attraction prior to its eruption on December 9, 2019. At the time of the eruption, there were 47 people on the island from 3 tour groups. Thirty-nine people survived the initial eruption and were extracted. Thirty-one entered into the New Zealand National Burn Service across four hospitals. The median age of the patients treated at the National Burn Centre was 45.5 years (range: 14–67 years) and median TBSA burn was 49.5% (range: 9%–90%). The 3-month survival of this eruptive event was 55%, which subsequently fell to an overall rate of 53% following one late death of an early survivor after repatriation home. Of the patients who survived the initial eruption for long enough to be admitted to the National Burn Service, the overall survival rate was 71% at 3 months. We describe 12 lessons we have learnt from our management of the survivors. The key surgical lessons among these are: 1) The injuring mechanism combined ballistic trauma, thermal and acidic burn components, with the acid component being the most problematic and urgent for management; 2) Volcanic ash burns result in ongoing burn depth progression, deep underlying tissue damage and significant metabolic instability; 3) Early skin grafting was not successful in many cases; 4) Reconstructive strategy needed adjusting to cope with the high operative demand and limited donor sites in all patients; 5) Protect yourself from potential dangers with additional personal protective equipment in an unfamiliar setting.
Item Pool Development for the School-Aged Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Profile Computerized Adaptive Test: An Observer-Reported Outcome Assessment Measuring the Impact of Burn Injuries in School-Aged Children
Authors: Rodríguez-Mercedes Silvanys L , Patel Khushbu F , Rencken Camerin A , Grant Gabrielle G , Surette Kate , Kinney Erin M , Brady Keri J S , Slavin Mary D , Schneider Jeffrey C , Stoddard Frederick J , Kazis Lewis E , Ryan Colleen M
Published: December 2021

The transition from early childhood to teen years (5–12) is a critical time of development, which can be made particularly challenging by a burn injury. Assessing postburn recovery during these years is important for improving pediatric survivors’ development and health outcomes. Few validated burn-specific measures exist for this age group. The purpose of this study was to generate item pools that will be used to create a future computerized adaptive test (CAT) assessing postburn recovery in school-aged children. Item pool development was guided by the previously developed School-Aged Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (SA-LIBRE5–12) conceptual framework. The item pool development process involved a systematic literature review, extraction of candidate items from existing legacy measures, iterative item review during expert consensus meetings, and parent cognitive interviews. The iterative item review with experts consisted of six rounds. A total of 10 parent cognitive interviews were conducted. The three broad themes of concern were items that needed 1) clarification, needed context, or were vague, 2) age dependence and relevance, and 3) word choice. The cognitive interviews indicated that survey instructions, recall period, item stem, and response choices were interpretable by respondents. Final item pool based on parental feedback consists of 57, 81, and 60 items in physical, psychological, and family and social functioning, respectively. Developed item pools (n = 198) in three domains are consistent with the existing conceptual framework. The next step involves field testing the item pool and calibration using item response theory to develop and validate the SA-LIBRE5–12 CAT Profile.
Changing the Script: Non-State Armed Groups, Restorative Justice and Reparations
Authors: McEvoy Kieran , Lawther Cheryl , Moffett Luke
Published: December 2021

This article examines the role of Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) and their former members in delivering reparations to victims and communities affected by past acts of violence. The article draws from extensive interviews with former members of armed groups, victims and communities affected by violence in Colombia, Guatemala, Nepal, Northern Ireland, Peru and Uganda. Grounded in the theory and practice of restorative justice, this article critiques the legalistic and state-centric analysis which often characterizes the field of reparations and makes four interconnected arguments. First, that NSAG engagement in reparations can offer a unique practical contribution to meeting the needs of victims (including truth recovery, the recovery of disappeared bodies, de-mining etc.) but also represent a powerful symbolic effort to restore the human dignity of victims and a commitment to prevent violence from recurring. Second, that by taking ‘active responsibility’ through reparations work for past violence, NSAGs and ex-combatants can themselves become involved in processes of delabelling and destigmatization, finding routes to demonstrate their own humanity, and in some cases, becoming involved in work that resonates with the political ideology that motivated them to engage in political violence in the first place. Third, that NSAG reparations can play a significant role in societal and political transformation in post conflict societies, with ex-combatants themselves being key drivers for change through such reparative work. The article concludes by arguing that NSAG and ex-combatant reparative work can represent a self-conscious effort to ‘change the script’, transforming relationships previously defined by violence and harm to ones designed to improve the lives of victims, ex-combatants themselves and the societies in which they live.
Relationship Between Riparian Buffers and Terrestrial Wildlife in the Eastern United States
Authors: Larsen-Gray Angela L , Loehle Craig
Published: December 2021

When working forest stands are harvested, vegetated strips along streams are often retained as part of forestry best management practices (BMPs) to protect water quality. These riparian buffers, known as streamside management zones, when following forestry BMP recommendations, also likely provide benefits to various terrestrial wildlife species. To better understand the role of riparian buffers in contributing to biological diversity in working forest landscapes, we reviewed literature (n = 30) that reported on herpetofauna, bird, and mammal responses to riparian buffers in the eastern United States. Although few results were consistent among taxa, community composition commonly varied among riparian buffer widths. Narrower riparian buffers more commonly supported edge and disturbance-associated species whereas wider riparian buffers tended to support interior-associated species. We did not find a consistent width that supported all terrestrial wildlife species studied.
Can melatonin be used as a potential antioxidant and sleep aid supplement for high-altitude travelers?
Authors: Burtscher Johannes , Strasser Barbara , Millet Gregoire P , Burtscher Martin
Published: December 2021

Traveling to high-altitude destinations is associated with risks such as high-altitude sicknesses and impaired sleep and performance. Although antioxidant supplementation may be beneficial, conflicting study results impede clear clinical guidelines. Herein, we highlight the potential of the antioxidant compound melatonin that is surprisingly poorly investigated in high-altitude settings.
Professional Identity Formation of Early Career Music Therapists
Authors: Byers Cassandra , Meadows Anthony
Published: December 2021

In this study, 15 early career music therapists were interviewed about their academic, clinical, personal, and early professional experiences to define the key characteristics of their professional identity formation. Subsequent analysis of these data revealed that for these music therapists, early career identity formation was characterized by 3 developmental tasks: (1) formulating a professional identity, (2) identifying and practicing a preferred working style, and (3) moving from a single approach to practice and drawing from a variety of theories and approaches. Furthermore, their early career identity formation was characterized by 4 sequential subphases: (1) openness to change, (2) experiencing complexity, (3) freeing up, and (4) increased confidence. Barriers to healthy identity formation were also discussed. Implications for education and training, along with the importance of facilitating mentorship opportunities for early career professionals, were proposed to connect the findings to academic and professional life.
Environmental noise-induced cardiovascular responses during sleep
Authors: Lechat Bastien , Scott Hannah , Decup Felix , Hansen Kristy L , Micic Gorica , Dunbar Claire , Liebich Tessa , Catcheside Peter , Zajamsek Branko
Published: December 2021

Study Objectives

This study was designed to test the utility of cardiovascular responses as markers of potentially different environmental noise disruption effects of wind farm compared to traffic noise exposure during sleep.

Methods

Twenty participants underwent polysomnography. In random order, and at six sound pressure levels from 33 dBA to 48 dBA in 3 dB increments, three types of wind farm and two types of road traffic noise recordings of 20-s duration were played during established N2 or deeper sleep, each separated by 20 s without noise. Each noise sequence also included a no-noise control. Electrocardiogram and finger pulse oximeter recorded pulse wave amplitude changes from the pre-noise onset baseline following each noise exposure and were assessed algorithmically to quantify the magnitude of heart rate and finger vasoconstriction responses to noise exposure.

Results

Higher sound pressure levels were more likely to induce drops in pulse wave amplitude. Sound pressure levels as low as 39 dBA evoked a pulse wave amplitude response (Odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; 1.52 [1.15, 2.02]). Wind farm noise with amplitude modulation was less likely to evoke a pulse wave amplitude response than the other noise types, but warrants cautious interpretation given low numbers of replications within each noise type.

Conclusions

These preliminary data support that drops in pulse wave amplitude are a particularly sensitive marker of noise-induced cardiovascular responses during. Larger trials are clearly warranted to further assess relationships between recurrent cardiovascular activation responses to environmental noise and potential long-term health effects.
Endodontic mishaps during root canal treatment performed by undergraduate dental students
Authors: Alghamdi Nuha S. , Algarni Youssef A. , Ain Tasneem Sakinatul , Alfaifi Haifa M. , AlQarni Alaa A. , Mashyakhi Jamilah Q. , Alasmari Sara E. , Alshahrani Muhanned M.
Published: December 2021

Endodontic mishaps during root canal treatment (RCT) are considered to be one of the most commonly encountered errors, which affect the quality of treatment and may have dangerous health implications for patients.

The present study was conducted to assess the frequency and types of endodontic mishaps in root canal-treated teeth performed by undergraduate dental students.

A total 404 endodontically treated teeth were performed by undergraduate dental students of King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The radiographs of the endodontically treated teeth were studied for a period of 6 months, and the related demographic data were collected from patient files.

The most commonly identified mishaps were related to obturation, where the maximum number of cases (68.1%) had under-obturated root canals. More endodontic mishaps were performed by students in level 9 education. The upper left 2nd molar teeth had a higher frequency of mishaps, and molars were found to have more access-related mishaps. Lastly, access-related and instrument-related mishaps had a low frequency of occurrence.

The majority of endodontic mishaps found in the study sample were related to root canal obturation. The undergraduate students at level 9 were less proficient in conducting RCTs with many endodontic mishaps when compared to the cases performed by students at higher levels. The study suggests relevant guidance for dental students while performing RCTs, especially during obturation of the root canals.
Radiographic and clinical evaluation of single-level lateral interbody fusion in patients with severe stenosis analyzed using cluster analysis
Authors: Hiyama Akihiko , Katoh Hiroyuki , Sakai Daisuke , Sato Masato , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: December 2021

This study was a retrospective review of patients treated in a single institution. We performed a cluster analysis of the degree of preoperative stenosis to investigate the effect of indirect neural decompression in single-level lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). Surgery is generally indicated for patients with severe stenosis. On the other hand, severe lumbar spinal stenosis is a relative contraindication to LLIF and is excluded in most studies. If LLIF, which is less invasive to treatment, can be applied to severe stenosis patients, it may help treatment. Cluster analysis classified 80 patients into 3 groups based on preoperative central canal area (CCA), preoperative canal diameter (CD), and preoperative Schizas grade: group 1 with severe stenosis (n = 43); group 2 with moderate stenosis (n = 27); and group 3 with mild stenosis (n = 10). Preoperative and immediately postoperative CCA and CD in magnetic resonance imaging were compared between groups. Disc angle (DA) and anterior, posterior, and average disc heights (AvDH) (anterior disc height, posterior disc height, average disc height AvDH) were measured using standing lateral plain radiographs. For clinical analysis, a numeric rating scale was used to evaluate clinical outcomes. DA, anterior disc height, posterior disc height, and AvDH increased significantly after the operation in all groups, but the average changes in these factors did not differ. Mean midsagittal CD and axial CCA on MRI magnetic resonance imaging increased significantly in all groups, but as with DA and DH, the changes in axial CCA and midsagittal CD did not differ between groups. The numeric rating scale score did not differ between groups at any time. The cluster analysis results suggested that postoperative changes in indirect neural decompression for severe stenosis after LLIF similar for moderate and mild stenosis and that pain did not differ according to the severity of stenosis after surgery.
Bioinformatics study on different gene expression profiles of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in keloids
Authors: Zheng Weihan , Lin Guojian , Wang Zhizhou
Published: December 2021

Keloid is a benign fibroproliferative skin tumor. The respective functions of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in keloid have not been fully studied. The purpose of this study is to identify the respective roles and key genes of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in keloids, which can be used as new targets for diagnosis or treatment.

The microarray datasets of keloid fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for functional enrichment analysis. The search tool for retrieval of interacting genes and Cytoscape were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and analyze gene modules. The hub genes were screened out, and the relevant interaction networks and biological process analysis were carried out.

In fibroblasts, the DEGs were significantly enriched in collagen fibril organization, extracellular matrix organization and ECM-receptor interaction. The PPI network was constructed, and the most significant module was selected, which is mainly enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. In vascular endothelial cells, the DEGs were significantly enriched in cytokine activity, growth factor activity and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Module analysis was mainly enriched in TGF-β signaling pathway. Hub genes were screened out separately.

In summary, the DEGs and hub genes discovered in this study may help us understand the molecular mechanisms of keloid, and provide potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.
A novel compound heterozygous COL4A4 mutation in a Chinese family with Alport syndrome
Authors: Chen Ji-Yu , Cui Jing-Jing , Yang Xi-Ran , Li Yan-Fang , Zhang Yan-Hua , Chen Jia-Ni , Lin Jun-Yu , Zhao Bo
Published: December 2021

Rationale:

Alport syndrome (AS) is an inherited progressive renal failure, characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities.

Patient concerns:

A 7-year-old male child was admitted for persistent microscopic hematuria and proteinuria.

Diagnoses:

Combined with clinical manifestations, laboratory testing, pathological changes of kidney and sequencing results, the patient was diagnosed as AS.

Interventions:

The patient was treated with ACEI and tacrolimus drugs for 2 years, but continued to have hematuria and proteinuria. Thus, a genetic analysis was performed using next-generation sequencing in four affected members from the family.

Outcomes:

The findings revealed triple compound heterozygous mutation of COL4A4: three novel variations, c.1045C>T (p. R349X), c.3505+1G>A (splicing), and c.2165G>A (p. G722D).

Lessons:

This study was novel in finding that a triple variant of the COL4A4 gene simultaneously in trans and in cis. The effects of multiple mutation sites and the type of gene mutation in AS were also underlined.
Mid-clavicle fracture with dislocation of the ipsilateral acromioclavicular joint treated with Endobutton system
Authors: Gao Zhixiang , Cai Peng , Yao Kai , Long Nengji , Liu Lijuan , Xiao Cong
Published: December 2021

Rationale:

Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation combined with ipsilateral midclavicular fracture is extremely unusual and is a high-energy injury to the shoulder. A review of the literature divides the treatment of clavicular fractures is divided into nonsurgical treatment, plates, and intramedullary nailing, while the options for ACJ dislocation are elastic fixation and rigid fixation. However, there is still a lack of consensus about the most appropriate way to treat this shoulder injury. This case report involves a mid-clavicle fracture with dislocation of the ipsilateral ACJ, which was classified as type V according to Rockwood classification.

Patient concerns:

A 65-year-old man came to the emergency department after a traffic accident in which he was driving a motorcycle that collided with another motorcycle and his right shoulder collided directly with the ground. Digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT) scans of the right shoulder joint showed mid-clavicle fracture with dislocation of the ipsilateral ACJ, which was classified as type V according to Rockwood classification.

Diagnoses:

The diagnosis of mid-clavicle fracture with dislocation of the ipsilateral ACJ was confirmed by DR and CT.

Interventions:

The patient was treated with a clavicle plate combined with the double Endobutton technique.

Outcomes:

After a 6-month follow up, the patient had excellent results for shoulder range of motion and functional. The patient's Constant-Murley score is 92.

Lessons:

Mid-clavicular fracture with a high-energy injury is highly suspicious and requires perfect shoulder CT or bilateral shoulder stress position DR to confirm whether there is a combined ACJ dislocation.