bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru dalam Menyusun Soal Ulangan melalui Workshop di Sekolah Binaan Sektor 1 Indramayu
Authors: Sulaeman Ade
Published: December 2022

This research aims to improve the competence of teachers in arranging replay questions through workshop activities. through the Snowball Throwing Method. The subjects of the study were teachers of SMP Binaan in Sector 1 Indramayu Regency, Lesson Year 2018/2019. This study uses the School Action method through two cycles that include planning, implementation, observation, and reflection activities. The results showed that the implementation of workshops by school supervisors proved scientifically able to improve the competence of teachers in drafting test questions. The increase in the number of teachers who are able and good at drafting the question of replay by 30.76% to 69.23%. The quality of the replay question also increased by 7.69% to 84.61%. Workshop activities can improve the competence of teachers in arranging the replay question. In addition, there needs to be planning of the steps of organizing the workshop in order to attract attention and be applied by teachers in arranging the replay questions effectively and efficiently
Penerapan Active Learning dan Penggunaan Media Berbasis Komputer untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPA
Authors: Yuliati Erni
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of active learning in increasing interest, attention, and activity, as well as students' learning achievements in science lessons. The subject of the study was a grade VI student of MI Negeri 1 Yogyakarta. This study uses methods of action through the process of incugate. The results showed that the application of active learning through inkuiri method can train students to discover for themselves various concepts learned, foster the ability to think, work, and be scientific and can improve and expand the mastery of skills in the process of acquiring cognitive students.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru dalam Melaksanakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan Metode Supervisi Klinis di MTs Negeri 3 Kulon Progo
Authors: Jakfar Munji
Published: December 2022

This research aims to improve the competence of teachers in carrying out Class Action Research (PTK) by using the Clinical Supervision (Superklin) method of MTs Negeri 3 Kulon Progo in Semester 2 of the 2021/2022 School Year. The research uses action research methods with two cycles covering planning, action, observation and reflection activities. The results showed that there was an increase in teacher activity in participating in PTK guidance activities in cycle 1 to cycle 2 there was an increase of 16.67%. The results of supervision of teachers in carrying out actions in the classroom in cycle 1 to cycle 2 increased by 33.33%. The results of the assessment of teacher PTK products in cycle 1 to cycle 2 increased by 22.22%. The Superclin method has been empirically proven to improve the competence of teachers in carrying out Class Action Research (PTK) in MTs Negeri 3 Kulon Progo.
Inquiry Learning: Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS pada Siswa MTs Negeri 4 Gunungkidul
Authors: Ari Endah Widyaningsih
Published: December 2022

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes through the application of inquiry learning models. The subject of this study is a student of class VII-C MTs N 4 Gunungkidul on IPS subjects in Interspace Interaction material. The application of the inquiry learning model in this study is carried out with several phases, namely identification and clarification of problems, making hypotheses, data collection, data analysis, and drawing conclusions. This research is best practice. There are several results of applying the inquiry learning model, namely helping learners in developing contextual learning concepts; increase the motivation and activities of learners in IPS learning; and increase information about the concept of interaction between rooms learned through activities using systematic LKPD. The inquiry learning model can be applied to students at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah level.
Kontribusi Teori Belajar Kognitivisme David P. Ausubel dan Robert M. Gagne dalam Proses Pembelajaran
Authors: Basyir Muhammad Syaikhul , Aqimi Dinana  , Diana Devi Aulia
Published: December 2022

This study aims to describe the theory of learning cognitivism in learning according to the views of David P. Ausebel and Robert M. Gagne. This research uses a qualitative approach to content analysis and descriptive research design. The results of this study show that cognitive learning theory is more concerned with the learning process than the learning outcomes themselves. Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning occurs when a person learns by associating new phenomena into the structure of their knowledge. In the process of learning a person constructs what he has learned and associates new experiences, phenomena and facts into the structure of their knowledge. According to Rober M. Gagne, learning is a set of processes that are internal to each individual as a result of the transformation of stimuli derived from external events in the environment of the individual concerned (conditions). According to Robert Gagne, learning should be able to give rise to learning events and cognitive processes.
Optimalisasi Madrasah Digital melalui Implementasi Transformasi Digital di MTs Negeri 5 Sleman
Authors: Busyroni Majid
Published: December 2022

The goal that will be achieved in this study is to find out the optimization of madrasah digitalization learning carried out by teachers, students, and parents using the MS Office 365 A1 series platform. This research uses survey-based action research methods. The achievements obtained in optimizing digital madrasahs in semesters 1 and 2 of the 2021/2022 academic year at MTs Negeri 5 Sleman using Office 365 are as follows; 1) the quantity of Office 365 usage has not changed; 2) Teams Meeting usage increased by 10.60%; 3) student participation rate increased by 17.25%; 4) the use of Office 365-provided applications increased by 79.29%; and 5) the comfort level of using Office 365 increased by 10.33%. From the results obtained, it shows that Office 365 is one of the madrasah digitization applications that suits the needs of madrasahs.
Systematic Literature Review: Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif pada Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Suretdawati Lelia
Published: December 2022

This study aims to examine the efforts that can be made in improving creative thinking skills in mathematics learning. The method used is systematic literature review, consisting of three stages, namely planning, conducting, and reporting. The planning stage is the determination of protocols, including determining topics and determining article search criteria. The conducting stage is implementation, including article search, article selection, and data synthesis. The reporting stage is the final stage in systematic literature review, including writing the results of systematic literature review in accordance with a predetermined format. Based on the study of 15 international articles and 5 national articles, the application of the Problem Based Solving learning model is the most widely made effort to improve creative thinking skills. In addition to Problem Based Learning, there are several efforts that can be made to improve creative thinking skills, including by applying Open Ended, Open Inquiry, Project Based Learning, Resource Based Learning, Creative Problem Solving, Realistic Mathematics, or Guided Inquiry in mathematics learning.
Manajemen Jaringan Internet Menggunakan Mikrotik Router di SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro
Authors: Sakur
Published: December 2022

The use of information and communication technology in the world of education is unavoidable. The use of networks to access computers remotely and connect them to the internet is increasingly needed by teachers and students to obtain learning information. The network system used must be well managed, especially in managing internet bandwidth so that the connection of each computer has access to the internet evenly and maximally as needed. SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro in its teaching and learning activities has utilized information and communication technology, especially has utilized computer networks and the internet as a medium for data and information communication. However, the computer and internet network systems at SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro have not been managed properly. The solution to improve the effectiveness of using and managing internet bandwidth at SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro is to design and implement network management with Mikrotik Router to make it easier for administrators to manage the network. This research uses the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) method as a method of developing computer network management at SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro. The results showed that the use of a network system using a Mikrotik router in managing internet bandwidth efficiently facilitates and facilitates various activities related to internet use.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Bahasa Inggris melalui Metode Mind Mapping di MAN 1 Yogyakarta
Authors: Surini Surini
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze the application of assignments using the mind mapping method. Assignments are expected to help understanding and increase student activity. The subject of the study was a student of class XII MIPA 2 MAN 1 Yogyakarta. The method used in this study is a class action research method. The study took place in two cycles. Each cycle follows the procedures of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. From the results of the study, in the first cycle students who obtained a score of > 7.00 reached 54.54% with sufficient categories. Meanwhile, in cycle II, students who obtained a score of > 7.00 reached 81.81% with an active category. The method of assigning assignments to make mind mapping a certain text can improve the ability to master English vocabulary in students optimally.
Cross Word Puzzle Method: Upaya Meningkatkan Minat dan Hasil Belajar IPS di SMP Negeri 1 Krangkeng Indramayu
Authors: Iriantiningsih Rahayu Dewi
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze the use of cross-word puzzle learning media in increasing student interest and learning outcomes in social studies subjects. This research is an action research conducted in three cycles including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection activities. The subject of the study was a class VIII student at SMP Negeri 1 Krangkeng. The results showed that the average percentage of student interest indicators in the first cycle of 62% increased to 70% in cycle II, it has further increased to 88%. Meanwhile, in the learning outcomes indicator, the average percentage of students who achieve KKM scores in the first cycle of 20% increases to 60% in cycle II. Cross word puzzle learning media can be applied to students in education at the junior secondary level and can improve student learning outcomes and can increase student interest in learning.
Pengaruh Melatonin terhadap Kadar Leukosit Tikus Wistar Model Luka Bakar dalam Kurun Waktu Dua Hari
Authors: Prameswari Shafira Dian , Arianto Ardana Tri , Purwoko Purwoko , Santoso Sugeng Budi
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Luka bakar adalah luka yang terjadi akibat sentuhan permukaan tubuh dengan dengan benda-benda yang menghasilkan panas baik kontak secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Hal tersebut bisa disebabkan oleh panas (api, cairan/lemak panas, maupun uap panas), radiasi, listrik, kimia. Pemberian melatonin mampu menjadi salah satu terapi pada penderita luka bakar. Dalam terapi luka bakar melatonin berperan dalam mengurangi stress oksidatif dan peradangan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh melatonin terhadap kadar leukosit tikus wistar model luka bakar (dalam kurun waktu dua hari).Metode: Penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat eksperimental yang dilakukan pada laboratorium dengan metode randomized control group pre test dan post test. Tikus yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 12 yang akan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok: K1−kelompok kontrol dan K2−kelompok perlakuan yang diinjeksi melatonin. Data akan dilakukan uji distribusinya menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk. Jika distribusi data normal uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan Independent T-test dan Paired T-test namun jika distribusi data tidak normal dapat dilakukan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terdapat penurunan kadar leukosit yang signifikan sebesar 6,483 x 109/L pada K2 secara signifikan yang didukung dengan uji hipotesis Paired T-test yang menunjukkan perbandingan kadar leukosit pada T1 dan T3 didapatkan nilai P = 0,01 yang berarti signifikan dan dikatakan signifikan apabila P < 0,05Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh melatonin terhadap kadar leukosit tikus wistar model luka bakar (dalam kurun waktu dua hari).
Monitoring Kardiovaskuler pada Pediatric Intensive Care
Authors: Rusmaladewi Aprilina , Leksana Ery , Nurcahyo Widya Istanto
Published: December 2022

Anestesi memegang peranan penting terhadap perkembangan Pediatric Intensive care karena ilmu pengetahuan dan keterampilan anestesiologist dalam mengelola jalan nafas dan pernafasan, monitoring sirkulasi dan akses vaskular. Pediatric Anestesi juga menjadi leader pada pengelolaan pernafasan pada anak dan intensive care. Ilmu pengetahuan anestesi dan keterampilan pada keadaan akut dan emergensi di dalam ruang operasi dan keterampilan dalam memberikan bantuan hidup dasar menjadikan anestesi menjadi leader di banyak PICU.
Perbedaan Efektifitas Oral Hygiene Antara Povidone Iodine Dengan Chlorhexidine Terhadap Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score Pada Penderita Dengan Ventilator Mekanik
Authors: Sebayang Kurniadi , Pujo Jati Listiyanto , Arifin Johan
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang: Antiseptik oral hygiene merupakan salah satu cara non farmakologi yang dapat menurunkan insiden Ventilation Associated Pneumonia (VAP) dengan menurunkan skor Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) pada penderita dengan ventilator mekanik. Chlorhexidine adalah antiseptik yang lebih mampu mencegah pembentukan biofilm dibandingkan dengan povidone iodine. Tujuan: Mengetahui chlorhexidine 0,2% lebih efektif menurunkan angka Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) dibandingkan dengan povidone iodine 1% pada penderita dengan ventilator mekanik. Metode : Merupakan penelitian eksperimental, dua subjek dibagi dua kelompok sama besar (n =16). Kelompok chlorhexidinee 0,2 % dan kelompok kontrol povidone iodine 1%. Kedua kelompok sebelum dan setelah perlakuan dilakukan pemeriksaan CPIS, yaitu: suhu, analisa gas darah, sekret trakea, darah rutin dan foto ronsen dada. Uji wilcoxon adalah uji korelatif untuk melihat GC plaque sebelum dan setelah perlakuan.Sedangkan uji spearman melihat korelasi GC plaque dan skor CPIS pada kelompok perlakuan. Hasil: Hasil skor CPIS berbeda makna pada kelompok I (p<0,05). Analisis komparatif selisih skor sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan kedua kelompok berbeda bermakna (p<0,05). Skor GC plaque sebelum [6,00 (5,60-7,00)] dan setelah aplikasi chlorhexidinee 0,2% [7,00 (6,80-7,20)] menunjukkan hasil berbeda bermakna (p= 0,000). Uji spearman skor GC plaque dan CPIS menunjukkan hasil berbeda tidak bermakna, hasil korelatif negatif. Kesimpulan: Chlorhexidinee 0,2% merupakan antiseptik orofaring yang lebih efektif menurunkan skor CPIS dibandingkan dengan povidone iodine 1% pada pasien dengan ventilator mekanik. Tidak ada korelasi antara kenaikan skor GC plaque dengan penurunan skor CPIS.
Pengaruh Induksi dengan Propofol dan Etomidat Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah
Authors: Bernardus Johan Eduard , Witjaksono Witjaksono , Soenarjo Soenarjo
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang: Etomidat memiliki keunggulan karakteristik berupa keamanan dari segi hemodinamik, respirasi, maupun neuroproteksi, akan tetapi efeknya terhadap fungsi adrenal, kortisol dan menurunkan kadar gula darah menjadikan penggunanya terbatas. Tujuan: Membuktikan adanya perbedaan pengaruh pemberian propofol 2,5 mg/kgBB intravena dan etomidat 0,2 mg/kgBB intravena terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah.  Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Randomized Clinical Control Trial pada 38 pasien yang menjalani anastesi umum, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perlakuan (n=19), etomidat dan propofol. Masing-masing kelompok diperiksa kadar gula darah sebelum induksi,2 dan 8 jam setelah induksi. Uji statistik Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test digunakan untuk membandingkan kadar gula darah pada masing-masing kelompok sedangkan uji statistik Mann Whitney U Test digunakan untuk membandingkan antar kelompok perlakuan.  Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar gula darah sebelum dan 2 jam pasca induksi pada kelompok etomidat (122,42+4,98 vs 78,73+4,56), tetapi tidak pada 8 jam pasca induksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan dosis etomidat sampai 0,2 mg/kgBB masih menurunkan kadar gula secara signifikan sampai < 8 jam pasca induksi. Pada kelompok propofol terdapat peningkatan bermakna kadar gula darah 2 jam pasca induksi (P=0,000). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa propofol tidak memiliki efek menurunkan kadar gula darah. Kesimpulan: Pemberian etomidat 0,2 mg/kgBB menurunkan sintesis gula darah pada 2 jam pasca induksi namun kembali normal 8 jam pasca induksi. Pemberian propofol 2,5 mg/kgBB tidak menyebabkan penurunan kadar gula darah.
Efektifitas Magnesium Sulfat Sebagai Pencegahan Mengigil Pasca Anestesi
Authors: Ratnawati Anna , Arifin Johan , Witjaksono Witjaksono
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Menggigil (shivering) merupakan masalah yang sering dihadapi dalam setiap operasi. Penggunaan obat induksi anestesi, suhu lingkungan dan pembedahan dapat menyebabkan menggigil.Tujuan: Membandingkan efektifitas magnesium sulfat 30mg/kgBB intravena dengan meperidin 0,5mg/kgBB intravena sebagai kontrol dalam mencegah mengigil pasca anestesi umum.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan randomized double blind controlled trial pada 20 pasien yang menjalani anestesi umum. Penderita dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (n=10), kelompok A menggunakan meperidin 0,5mg/kgBB intravena dan kelompok B menggunakan magnesium sulfat 30mg/kgBB intravena. Masing – masing kelompok diambil darah sebelum dan sesudah ekstubasi, untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar kalsium dan magnesium. Saat berada di ruang pemulihan pasien di observasi adanya kejadian menggigil. Uji statistik menggunakan Chi-Square, Man-Whitney Test dan independent sample T-test (dengan derajat kemaknaan p<0,05).Hasil: Penelitian ini didapatkan kejadian menggigil pada kelompok meperidin 1 dari 10 pasien dan pada kelompok magnesium sulfat 2 dari 10 pasien (p=1,00). Penurunan kadar kalsium setelah operasi pada kelompok magnesium sulfat (0,048±0,2212) berbeda tidak bermakna (p=0,366) dibandingkan dengan kelompok meperidin (0,135±0,1973), sedangkan kadar magnesium terjadi peningkatan pada kelompok magnesium sulfat (0,434±0,4103) dan menurun pada kelompok meperidin (0,119±0,1180), berbeda bermakna (p=0,003).Simpulan: Kejadian menggigil pasca pembedahan dengan anestesi umum pada pasien yang mendapat magnesium sulfat 30mg/kgBB iv tidak berbeda dengan yang mendapat meperidin 0,5mg/kgBB iv.
Editorial
Authors: Vilímek Vít , Novotný Josef , Mouratidis Antonios
Published: December 2022

Editorial
Mapping MNEs in Cuba and barriers to their growth
Authors: Šmelc Petr , Vlčková Jana
Published: December 2022

Very little is known about the investment climate and operations of MNEs in Cuba due to limited data provided by the Cuban government. In this paper, we explore the investment climate in Cuba and identify factors that limit the activities of MNEs. We also assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the future prospects for MNEs in Cuba. Our research is based on question¬naires and semi-structured interviews in MNEs operating in Cuba. MNEs consider low macroeconomic stability, the impossibility of acquiring real estate, access to financing and the movement of capital, and profit repatriation as the most problematic factors for their business activities. On the other hand, IPR protection, corruption, the skills and education of the available workforce and the availability of electricity were assessed as the least problematic. Less than half of the MNEs interviewed found positive changes con¬cerning the investment climate in Cuba during recent years. This implies limited prospects for economic growth in the near future.
Corpus approach to teaching Czech as a foreign language in university courses
Authors: Zasina Adran Jan
Published: December 2022

The corpus approach to teaching Czech as a foreign language has not gained its stable place in academic language teaching practice in spite of growing interest in the last years. A comprehensive framework of corpus-based exercises usage and their influence on students' language development is still missing. This article aims to verify the data-driven learning (DDL) method in teaching Czech at university level. The analysis was based on an experiment in which an experimental group using the corpus approach was examined in comparison with a control group. The research was conducted in the form of a one-semester course for Polish students of Czech studies. The results have proven that thanks to DDL activities, students accomplished positive outcomes and, in several areas, had even better results in comparison with control group. They substantially improved in terms of grammatical gender, vocalisation of prepositions, and genitive singular and plural. For these three language phenomena concrete application of corpus exercises was presented. The study confirmed that the clear and systematic procedure presented in the corpus approach to teaching contributed to the fixation of taught material. Employment of DDL methods in university language courses has a chance to become a permanent means used by teachers and students in language discovery in the future.
Nebyla šťastná, nebo byla nešťastná?
Authors: Hrdlička Milan
Published: December 2022

Článek pojednává o různých druzích záporu v současné češtině. Mluvčí má k dispozici různé možnosti, pomocí kterých je možné vyjadřovat významové nuance. Pokročilejší zahraniční bohemista by si měl osvojit, která varianta v určité komunikační situaci převažuje a jaký je její komunikační účinek.
O r frykatywnym (ř) i śladach r frykatywnego (ř) w historii języka polskiego, w polskich gwarach etnicznych oraz w polszczyźnie południowo- i północnokresowej
Authors: Lewaszkiewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

Autor omawia i porównuje poglądy językoznawców polskich na temat powstania i rozwoju r frykatywnego (ř) w języku staropolskim i rozwoju r frykatywnego (ř) w różnych odmianach języka polskiego. Nie można wykluczyć, że niektórzy badacze mylili brzmienie ř z rž. Dlatego postuluje się przebadanie istniejących nagrań gwar polskich i kaszubskich z wykorzystaniem nowszych programów komputerowych. Należy również ustalić podobieństwa i różnice w realizacji ř w języku czeskim i w niektórych gwarach polskich oraz kaszubskich.
Koncepcja tworzenia Atlasu gwar białoruskich na Łotwie
Authors: Jankowiak Mirosław
Published: December 2022

W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję tworzenia Atlasu gwar białoruskich na Łotwie. Podstawę materiałową stanowią badania własne autora, zebrane w trakcie ekspedycji dialektologicznych w latach 2004–2009/2022, łącznie ok. 230 godz. wywiadów. Publikacja będzie się składała z map prezentujących różne cechy fonetyczno-gramatyczne i leksykę oraz mapy poglądowe (klasyfikacja gwar, dystrybucja w różnych okresach historycznych etc.). W atlasie zostaną przedstawione nie tylko cechy uwzględnione w Dialektologicznym atlasie języka białoruskiego, ale również ukazujące związki z językami (i ich dialektami) – polskim, rosyjskim i bałtyckimi.
Z XIX-wiecznej gwarowej praktyki leksykograficznej (na podstawie Słowniczka wyrazów ludowych we wsi Jaksicach Zygmunta Wasilewskiego)
Authors: Cygan Stanisław
Published: December 2022

The article revolves around the lexicographic practice of Zygmunt Wasilewski, a lawyer, politician, journalist, literary critic in reference to his 19th-century regional glossary from the village of Jaksice, Pińczów county (central-northern Małopolska). In characterizing this set of words (212 entry words), I have taken into account the macro- and microstructure of the glossary. The lexical material contained in The Glossary is primarily a source of knowledge of the sub-dialects of Kielce Region in research into Polish sub-dialects in general. It also gives insight into the technique of this unqualified lexicographer, a folk culture enthusiast in his youth.
Twórcza orientacja życiowa w sytuacjach kryzysowych
Authors: Cudowska Agata
Published: December 2022

The narrative of the article revolves around the belief that creative life orientations are very important in coping with crisis situations. The concept of crisis, its etymology and ways of presenting it in social sciences were shown. Psychological approaches to this category were highlighted as particularly important in counseling and social work. Basic styles of coping with stress, which is an inseparable element of crisis events, were characterized. The essence of the author’s concept of creative life orientation and the features of people preferring this type of orientation, which resulted from theoretical assumptions, and the results of twenty years of research on this category, were presented. The importance of creative preferences in overcoming stress, coping with crisis and achieving well-being were demonstrated.
Doświadczenie kryzysu związanego z odejściem kobiet z życia zakonnego
Authors: Pieczyńska Ewa
Published: December 2022

The aim of the article is to describe the situation of sisters leaving the religious order and the crises they experience as a result. The first part presents the theoretical background of the research subject: information about the scale of the phenomenon, the issue of discernment a vocation and the main causes of withdrawals, and also the concept of the crisis and its types. The empirical part presents the results of research conducted among former nuns. It lists various difficulties they face and describes the various dimensions of the crises experienced by them: economical, housing, existential and emotional, as well as interpersonal and religious.
Maria Gutowska-Ibbs, Pozarejestracyjne stosowanie produktów leczniczych a badania kliniczne. Ramy prawne i praktyka w podmiotach leczniczych w Polsce, seria Monografie Prawnicze, Wydawnictwo C.H. Beck, Warszawa 2022 (opr. Paulina Jachimowicz-Jankowska)
Authors: Jachimowicz-Jankowska Paulina
Published: December 2022

Maria Gutowska-Ibbs, Pozarejestracyjne stosowanie produktów leczniczych a badania kliniczne. Ramy prawne i praktyka w podmiotach leczniczych w Polsce, seria Monografie Prawnicze, Wydawnictwo C.H. Beck, Warszawa 2022, ss. 208, ISBN 978-83-8291-229-6.

Paulina Jachimowicz-Jankowska
„Deeper Sommertage“ und Bauhausjahre
Authors: Köpnick Gloria
Published: December 2022

In der Lyonel-Feininger-Galerie, dem Museum für grafische Künste in Quedlinburg werden aus dem Nachlass von Hermann Klumpp, dem Begründer des Museums, zwei besondere Fotoalben von Lyonel Feininger (1871–1956) aus den frühen 1930er Jahren bewahrt: Eines gibt Zeugnis von einer Reise an die Ostsee und das andere entstand zum Abschied von Lyonel und seiner Frau Julia Feininger (1880–1970) aus Dessau. Die Aufnahmen verdeutlichen Feiningers Leidenschaft für die Fotografie, eine noch immer unterschätzte Facette im Schaffen des Bauhausmeisters und Malers.
Fotografien aus dem Untergrund
Authors: Rasch Marco
Published: December 2022

Die Saxonia-Freiberg-Stiftung in Freiberg in Sachsen erwarb 2010 den Großteil des fotografischen Nachlasses des Ingenieurs Wolfgang Schreiber (1940–2005). Den Hauptbestandteil des Konvoluts bilden fast 4 500 gerahmte stereoskopische Diapositive, deren motivischer Schwerpunkt auf der Dokumentation des späten Erzbergbaus vor allem in Sachsen und im Harz liegt. Der Artikel stellt den zwischen Mitte der 1970er und Mitte der 1990er Jahre von Wolfgang Schreiber aufgenommenen Bestand vor, der von der Stiftung erschlossen und anschließend in Kooperation mit der Deutschen Fotothek in der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden über das Landesdigitalisierungsprogramm für Wissenschaft und Kultur des Freistaates Sachsen digitalisiert wurde und von der SLUB aktuell online publiziert wird.
Cold Storage?
Authors: Leidig Franziska , Blaschke-Walther Kristina , Henniges Ute , Brückle Irene
Published: December 2022

Six face- and back-mounted chromogenic print samples (each 120 × 160 cm) and one pre-damaged original photograph (120 × 120 cm) were exposed to alternating temperature conditions. Cold storage was set at 8 °C with a slightly fluctuating relative humidity at an average of 55 % in a cooling chamber; room temperature storage occurred at 19 to 27 °C depending on the prevailing weather conditions. The samples were exposed alternatingly to these setups in a 24-hour rotation over five weeks to assess the effect of strong and rapid fluctuations on the stability of the composite. After about one week under the extreme, stress-intensive testing conditions, irreversible deformation, and a local loss of translucency occurred. Further local delamination was observed on the pre-damaged original artwork. Exceeding the dew point temperature, which occurred in our experimental setup and should be avoided, resulted in condensation on the acrylic surface and led to extensive streaks and, in combination with the electrostatic charge, to extreme dust deposits. These findings suggest that cold storage cannot be recommended for face- and back-mounted chromogenic prints.
The Unfolding Sovereign Debt Crisis
Authors: Mosley Layna , Rosendorff B. Peter
Published: December 2022

Following the 2008 global financial crisis, years of low interest rates provided a rare opportunity for many developing nations to borrow in international markets—whether issuing bonds in their own currencies, securing loans from private-sector banks and commodity traders, or borrowing from China, which emerged as a dominant official creditor. Developing countries’ overall external debt rose to a record level during this period. As central banks raise interest rates sharply to counter a global rise in inflation, many of these countries are at risk of default. The mix of public and private creditors and the opacity of many loan terms make it difficult to coordinate restructuring. The key factor may be domestic politics.
Beethoven's Rhetoric of Embellishment
Authors: Bandy Dorian
Published: December 2022

This article examines the communicative and interpretive significance of melodic embellishment in Beethoven's oeuvre, with a particular focus on multi-movement instrumental works from the period 1795–1824. Embellishment has received comparatively little attention in Beethoven studies; yet it formed a crucial part of his musicianship as both a performer and a composer. The article begins with a broad overview of Beethoven's embellishment practices, drawing examples primarily from his early piano trios and piano sonatas. It then goes on to examine a series of issues in more detail: first, the role of embellishments in the composition and performance of concertos (with a focus on the Piano Concertos Nos. 3–5); second, the role of embellishments in evoking musical character and expressive personae (with a focus on the Piano Sonata op. 31, no. 3, the Violin Sonata op. 30, no. 1, and the Cello Sonata op. 5, no. 1); and finally, the possibility of understanding embellishment as a musical topic in symphonic writing (with a focus on the slow movements of the Symphonies Nos. 4, 8, and 9). The article closes with reflections on the expressive function of embellishments in Beethoven's late style, arguing that melodic decorations, along with other rhetorical devices, provided a vehicle for the evocation of nostalgia and memory.
journey from the insulin gene to reprogramming pancreatic tissue
Authors: Docherty Kevin
Published: December 2022

This article was written as a contribution to mark the centenary of the ﬁrst administration of insulin to a human in 1922. Writing from an Aberdeen perspective, an introductory passage will place emphasis on the role of JJR MacLeod, under whose supervision the discovery of insulin by Banting and Best was made. The major thrust of the article, however, will be on the cloning and sequencing of the human insulin gene, and the impact it had on the scientiﬁc career of the author. It initiated a journey to ﬁnd alternative therapies for diabetes that led sequentially though gene therapy, embryonic stem cell-derived islets, and reprogramming. Our experience in these areas will be described, with emphasis on the strengths and weaknesses of each of these approaches.
#We don't have to wait any more Closed-loop systems: transforming the landscape
Authors: Boughton Charlotte , Hovorka Roman
Published: December 2022

Hybrid closed-loop systems are transforming the clinical management of T1DM. Large randomised controlled trials of hybrid closed-loop systems have demonstrated safety and efﬁcacy, with signiﬁcant improvements in glycaemic control compared to control therapy, and there are now several commercially approved hybrid closed-loop systems available in the UK. There is also a growing body of evidence demonstrating the quality of life beneﬁts associated with hybrid closed-loop systems, both for users and also for parents/caregivers and other family members.
We review the clinical evidence supporting currently available hybrid closed-loop systems in the UK and also new systems on the horizon. We discuss the emerging evidence for associated psychosocial beneﬁts of hybrid closed-loop therapy. We also address future challenges around healthcare professional readiness to deliver closed-loop technology and ensuring equitable access across the UK.
Intra-operative tissue sampling and microbiological analyses during minor lower limb amputations in patients with diabetes are poorly reported and difﬁcult to interpret
Authors: Gulamhussein Mohamed , Sohawon Ridwaan , Travers Hannah , Wall Michael
Published: December 2022

Diabetic foot disease (DFD) is a leading cause of acute sepsis and has long-term consequences for patients. It poses a strain on health resources in both the developed and developing world, with a signiﬁcant impact on patient quality of life due to the associated complications of DFD and the often multiple interventions required to control infection and preserve limb tissue. Although there is evidence in the literature regarding early detection and prompt management of this debilitating condition, there is little structured evidence on how to gain accurate tissue sampling with processing to allow targeted antimicrobial therapy from minor amputations where bone cultures have been sent.
Methods: A literature review was conducted to establish the publications on intra-operative bone sampling and processing taken during diabetic foot minor amputations and the pathways described for processing sample acquisition.
Findings: Thirty papers were identiﬁed which highlighted some of the processes involved in the procurement of intraoperative tissue samples. No published paper reported a complete pathway for the ascertainment of samples, transfer and processing of these specimens.
Conclusion: There is no published consistent pathway published for procurement of intra-operative diabetic foot specimens, for their storage, transportation and processing. Without documented, reproducible processes, it is difﬁcult to interpret published results. This makes planning for targeted antibiotic therapy more difﬁcult.
Series: Cardiovascular outcome trials for diabetes drugs.
Authors: Fisher Miles
Published: December 2022

LEADER was a landmark cardiovascular outcome trial with the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, which demonstrated signiﬁcant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke), driven by a reduction in cardiovascular deaths and accompanied by a signiﬁcant reduction in all-cause mortality. Shortly afterwards, the SUSTAIN-6 trial with once-weekly semaglutide demonstrated non-inferiority for MACE, with a nominal reduction in MACE that was driven by a reduction in the risk of non-fatal strokes. Since then, a further six cardiovascular trials have been published with GLP-1 receptor agonists, with major differences in study design and outcomes.
Four trials have been performed with once-weekly formulations. The EXSCEL trial with once-weekly exenatide showed non-inferiority for MACE, but not superiority, with a reduction in all-cause mortality which was an exploratory outcome. The Harmony Outcomes trial with albiglutide demonstrated signiﬁcant reductions in MACE, driven by reductions in fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction. REWIND, with dulaglutide, also demonstrated signiﬁcant reductions in MACE, this time driven by reductions in strokes. The AMPLITUDE-O trial with efpeglenatide showed signiﬁcant reductions in MACE, but none of the individual components of MACE was signiﬁcantly reduced as a secondary endpoint, and in contrast to other trials there was also a signiﬁcant reduction in heart failure events. The ﬁfth trial was the PIONEER 6 trial with the oral formulation of semaglutide, and this showed non-inferiority for MACE, but not superiority, with reductions in cardiovascular deaths and all-cause mortality which were secondary outcomes. Finally, FREEDOM-CVO with a subcutaneous mini-pump of exenatide showed non-inferiority for MACE and MACE plus hospitalisation for unstable angina. A reduction in albuminuria was seen in several of these trials, but there was no deﬁnite effect on eGFR or end-stage renal disease.
Meta-analysis of the cardiovascular outcome trials with GLP-1 receptor agonists has demonstrated signiﬁcant reductions in MACE, cardiovascular death, fatal or non-fatal stroke, fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. It remains unclear why updated guidance from NICE on the management of T2DM in adults fails to acknowledge these evidence-based cardiovascular beneﬁts.
Biochemical alterations in the follicular fluid of bovine peri-ovulatory follicles and their association with final oocyte maturation
Authors: Abdulrahman Alrabiah Noof , Simintiras Constantine A , Evans Alexander C O , Lonergan Patrick , Fair Trudee
Published: December 2022

Follicular fluid (FF), a product of vascular transudate and granulosa and thecal cell secretions, is the milieu that has evolved to support oocyte growth and maturation which plays a central role in oocyte quality determination. Therefore, a suboptimal FF composition may be reflected in compromised oocyte progression through maturation, fertilization, or embryo development. To date, the composition of bovine FF remains understudied. To address this, we comprehensively characterized the metabolomic constituency of bovine FF in the period during which the oocyte undergoes meiotic maturation. More specifically, FF from pre (−24 h) and peri (−2 h)-ovulatory follicles was profiled by high-throughput untargeted ultra-HPLC tandem mass spectroscopy. A total of 634 metabolites were identified, comprising lipids (37.1%), amino acids (30.0%), xenobiotics (11.5%), nucleotides (6.8%), carbohydrates (4.4%), cofactors and vitamins (4.4%), peptides (3.6%), and energy substrates (2.1%). The concentrations of 67 metabolites were significantly affected by the stage of follicle development, 33.3% (n = 21) were reduced (P ≤ 0.05) by a mean of 9.0-fold, whereas 46 were elevated (P ≤ 0.05) by a mean of 1.7-fold in peri- vs pre-ovulatory FF. The most pronounced individual metabolite concentration decreases were observed in hypoxanthine (98.9-fold), xanthine (65.7-fold), 17β-oestradiol (12.4-fold), and inosine (4.6-fold). In contrast, the greatest increases were in retinal (4.9-fold), 1-methyl-5-imidazoleacetate (2.7-fold), and isovalerylcarnitine (2.7-fold). This global metabolomic analysis of bovine FF temporal dynamics provides new information for understanding the environment supporting oocyte maturation and facilitating ovulation that has the potential for improving oocyte quality both invivo and in vitro.

Lay Summary

The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system, and they produce and store eggs in structures known as ‘follicles’. Depending on the species, one or more follicles release an egg from the ovary during ovulation. FF, which is formed from the secretions of follicle cells and substances delivered from the bloodstream, bathes the eggs as they develop within their follicles. For pregnancy to happen, the egg must be capable of being fertilised by a sperm cell, developing into an embryo and implanting it in the womb. FF has evolved to support the egg to achieve this. Using the cow as a model, this study looks at the composition of FF during the final hours before ovulation, when the egg becomes mature and ready for fertilisation. More than 600 different substances were identified, providing new information, that has the potential to improve egg quality.
Sperm cryopreservation for impaired spermatogenesis
Authors: Hughes G , Martins da Silva S
Published: December 2022

Sperm cryopreservation for men with severely impaired spermatogenesis is one of the commonest reasons for short-term sperm storage, usually in advance of fertility treatment. Cryopreservation is generally very effective, although not all spermatozoa survive the process of freezing and thawing. This review considers various aspects of freezing sperm, including an overview of methods, appropriate use of cryoprotectants and practical considerations, as well as oxidative stress and mechanisms of cell cryodamage.

Lay summary

Cryopreservation involves freezing of cells or tissues to preserve them for future use. Sperm cryopreservation for men with a very low sperm count is one of the commonest reasons for short-term sperm storage, usually in advance of fertility treatment. Cryopreservation is generally very effective, although not all sperm cells survive the process of freezing and thawing. This review covers various aspects of freezing sperm, including consideration of methods used and mechanisms of cell damage.
The Early Use of Selective Hemoadsorption Based on a Hyper-Crosslinked Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymer in Patients with Toxic Rhabdomyolysis Complicated by Acute Kidney Injury (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial)
Authors: Masolitin S. V. , Protsenko D. N. , Tyurin I. N. , Magomedov M. A. , Kim T. G. , Grishina L. A. , Bykov A. O. , Gelfand Е. B. , Ignatenko O. V.
Published: December 2022

Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is a clinical and laboratory syndrome with the underlying destruction of myocytes and the release of intracellular debris into the systemic circulation. In more than 55% of cases, RM is complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI), which necessitates various methods of extracorporeal detoxification and currently is a controversial issue.

Aim: to improve the results of treatment of patients with RM of toxic origin complicated by AKI by using early selective hemoadsorption (SH).

Material and methods. The study included 36 patients divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 24 patients who received standard therapy and hemodiafiltration (HDF) as a life-saving intervention. Group 2 comprised 12 patients who underwent early SH to prevent the progression of AKI. We performed a comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters and treatment outcomes in the groups.

Results. The use of SH was associated with reduced level of myoglobin on day5 of therapy from 384.1 to 112.4 gg/l (70.7%) vs 335.15 to 219.1 gg/l (34.6%) reduction in the conservative therapy group. By day 7, this parameter was 18.8 (95.1%) and 142.4 (57.5%), respectively (7=0.012). The level of cystatin-C decreased on day 5 from 17.3 to 3.2 mg/l (81.5%) in group 2 and from 14.9 to 11.7 mg/l (21.5%) in group 1. By day 7, this parameter decreased to 2.5 (85.6%) and 14.1 (5.3%) mg/l, respectively (7=0.001). The length of ICU stay in group 2 was 7 (6; 9) days, while in the conservative therapy group it was 12 (7; 13) days (7=0.04). The hospital stay was 12 (10; 16) and 22 (14,5; 24,5) days, respectively (7=0.028).

Conclusion. The early use of SH in the intensive therapy helped decrease the levels of markers of endogenous intoxication, AKI severity, improve the filtration capacity of the kidneys, and reduced the length of stay in the ICU and hospital.
Pathogenesis, Prognosis and Outcomes of Multiple Organ Failure in Newborns (Review)
Authors: Golomidov A. V. , Grigoriev E. V. , Moses V. G. , Moses K. B.
Published: December 2022

Multiple organ failure (MOF) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality in intensive care units. The prevalence of MOF in newborns is currently unclear, since its incidence varies in asphyxia, sepsis, prematurity, and comorbidity, and depends on the level of development and funding of health care in different countries. Sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome prevail among the causes of MOF in this category of patients.

Aim of the review. To summarize the available literature data on the pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies and outcomes of MOF in newborns.

Material and methods. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and RSCI databases using the following keywords: «newborns, multiple organ failure, etiology, pathogenesis, premature, diagnosis, treatment, respiratory support, cardiotonic support», without language limitations. A total of 144 full-text sources were selected for analysis, 70% of which were published in the last five years and 50% were published in the last three years. Criteria for exclusion were low information value and outdated data.

Results. The prevalence of MOF in neonates is currently unclear. This could be due to common association of neonatal MOF (as well as the adult one) with various diseases; thus, its incidence is not the same for asphyxia, sepsis, prematurity, and comorbidities. There is no precise data on neonatal mortality in MOF, but according to some reports, it may be as high as 13-50%.

In newborns, MOF can be caused by two major causes, intrapartum/postnatal asphyxia and sepsis, but could also be influenced by other intranatal factors such as intrauterine infections and acute interruption of placental blood flow.

The key element in the pathogenesis of neonate MOF is cytokinemia, which triggers universal critical pathways. Attempts to identify different clinical trajectories of critical illness in various categories of patients have led to the discovery of MOF phenotypes with specific patterns of systemic inflammatory response. This scientific trend is very promising for the creation of new classes of drugs and individual therapeutic pathways in neonates with MOF of various etiologies.

The pSOFA scale is used to predict the outcome of neonatal MOF, however, the nSOFA scale has higher validity in premature infants with low birth weight.

Central nervous system damage is the major MOF-associated adverse outcome in newborns, with gestational age and the timing of treatment initiation being key factors affecting risk of MOF development in both full-term and premature infants.

Conclusion. The study of cellular messengers of inflammation, MOF phenotypes, mitochondrial insufficiency, and immunity in critically ill infants with MOF of various etiologies is a promising area of research. The pSOFA scale is suggested for predicting the outcome of MOF in full-term infants, while the nSOFA scale should be used in premature infants with low birth weight.