bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A riqueza simbólica do candomblé nas artes visuais brasileiras: o caso de Rubem Valentim
Authors: Rodrigues Walace , Venâncio Sariza Oliveira Caetano
Published: November 2020

Este escrito busca pensar sobre a riqueza simbólica e cultural que os negros escravizados trouxeram de África para o Brasil e que resiste e toma força na religião do candomblé. Uma multiplicidade de povos negros africanos foi forçada a vir para o Brasil e tais povos ainda podem ser identificados em nossa sociedade atual. Influenciando as mais diversas áreas culturais brasileiras, a população negra contribuiu de forma significativa para a constituição do que vem a ser atualmente o Brasil. Trazidos de diferentes lugares do continente africano, os negros escravizados trouxeram consigo uma forte memória histórica e cultural. Trouxeram, também, suas crenças religiosas e seus orixás. Neste texto, tomaremos como caso de estudo a arte do artista plástico baiano Rubem Valentim (Salvador, 1922 - São Paulo, 1991), importante utilizador dos signos do candomblé para compor seus trabalhos visuais de arte abstrata. Valentim criou uma verdadeira linguagem estética própria de utilização dos signos do candomblé em seus trabalgos. Esta pesquisa tem cunho analítico-qualitativo e busca suas bases em uma bibliografia nas áreas da antropologia e das artes. Os resultados deste trabalho mostram a fundamental relevância do candomblé na formação cultural brasileira e sua inserção nas mais variadas áreas de saberes e fazeres, assim como o fez nas artes plásticas e, em especial nas obras de Rubem Valentim, que foi extremamente influenciado pelo candomblé. Além disto, este texto pode auxiliar na divulgação da arte afro-brasileira abstrata, deixando conhecer não somente a arte visual do artista Rubem Valentim, mas instigando outras buscas em relação às artes e o candomblé.
Anunciação de mundos, sonhos e saberes ancestrais: narrativas de uma juremeira da cidade de João Pessoa
Authors: Medeiros Maria Gomes de , Marinho Ana Cristina
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho envolve pesquisas sobre a história de vida e os percursos da juremeira Inês dos Santos na cidade de João Pessoa, na Paraíba. Interessa-nos entender, a partir da experiência de Inês, como as narrativas coletivas de terreiros de Jurema e Umbanda (re)constroem a memória mítica (Sodré, 2018) de populações em contextos de diáspora afro-ameríndia nesta cidade. Nesse sentido, interessam-nos também as roupas e comidas ritualísticas enquanto construções narrativas. Nos valemos do conceito de Literatura Menor (DELEUZE e GUATARI, 1995) para entendermos as narrativas de Inês, conforme seus imperativos éticos e políticos, e utilizamos, ainda, conceitos dos estudos culturais, feministas e decoloniais, autores e autoras que se debruçaram sobre temas como “colonialidade” e “decolonialidade”, “diáspora”, “epistemicídio”, “justiça social e cognitiva” (FANON, 1968; QUIJANO, 2005; SOUSA SANTOS, 2019). Adotamos metodologias de pesquisa de campo voltadas para a história oral, como técnica de entrevista, e o testemunho, como postura social e política para que, ao final, possamos traçar uma cartografia da cidade construída a partir da voz e do corpo dessa mulher negra, filha de Oxum e devota dos encantados da Jurema.
Literatura afro-brasileira e tradição oral: poéticas de (re)existência na sala de aula
Authors: Alves-Garbim Juliana Franco , Ferreira Eliane Aparecida Galvão Ribeiro , Marques Francisco Cláudio Alves
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar, a partir do aporte teórico da Estética da Recepção (JAUSS, 1994; ISER, 1996, 1999), análises de dois contos que integram a coletânea Caroço de Dendê (2008), intitulados “A rainha mãe e o príncipe lagarto” (p.45-47) e “A pena de Ekodidé” (p.43-44), escritos por Mãe Beata de Yemonjá (1931-2017). Para tanto, almeja-se refletir sobre os pontos de intersecção entre oralidade e Candomblé que avultam nesses contos de tradição oral afro-brasileira. Na análise desses contos, busca-se  refletir sobre sua estrutura de comunicação, se esta instaura vazios no texto (JAUSS, 1994; ISER, 1996, 1999), assegurando ao leitor implícito, no seu preenchimento, exercício de produtividade em busca da concretude e revisão de conceitos prévios, a qual fomenta a ampliação dos horizontes de expectativa. Em especial, visa-se refletir acerca da contribuição desses textos na formação do leitor, mais propriamente, no ensino de literatura africana e afro-brasileira, amparado pela Lei 10.639/03 (BRASIL, 2019). Parte-se do pressuposto de que sua leitura em âmbito escolar fomenta o combate ao racismo e à desfragmentação das referências culturais e identitárias, promove a igualdade em meio à diversidade cultural e democratiza a cultura, pois valoriza as tradições, inclusive, de viés religioso. Constrói-se a hipótese de que um trabalho voltado à formação do leitor crítico e/ou estético (ECO, 2003; gqr, 2008), pode promover a superação de conceitos prévios e ampliar horizontes de expectativa, em especial, no que concerne à diversidade.
A new species of Sacada Walker, 1862 from Thailand (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae)
Authors: Pellinen Markku J. , Zahiri Reza , Sihvonen Pasi
Published: November 2020

A new species ofSacadafrom northern Thailand is described:S. chaehomensissp. nov.Pellinen & Zahiri (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Pyralinae). Morphological characters and DNA barcode data are provided for the new species, with a morphological comparison toS. dzonguensisandS. umtasorensis, and a DNA-barcode comparison toS. ragonotalisandS. albioculalis, respectively. After this addition, the current number of valid species in the genusSacadais 43.
Vegetation Classification Exercise for the Pawnee National Grasslands, USA
Authors: Franklin Scott B. , Scheibout Michael , Šibik Jozef
Published: November 2020

Aims: Vegetation classifications are useful for a variety of management purposes as well as scientific exploration. Local classifications are common throughout the United States but only recently have been integrated into a national classification system, which is now expected for local classifications. Study Area: The Pawnee National Grasslands (PNG) in northeastern Colorado, USA, has not been classified using plot data, and is thus a gap on the baseline knowledge of the PNG plant communities that hinders impact assessment of various anthropogenic activities. Methods: Here, we use 128 plots to classify the vegetation of the PNG using a two-step process: first, classifying the PNG plots alone to characterize local uniqueness, and then employing a semi-supervised classification with an additional 64 plots from areas to the north and east of the PNG, using standard classification procedures. Results: We document on the PNG the occurrence of two Classes, three Subclasses, four Formations, five Divisions, six Macrogroups, seven Groups and eight Alliances and Associations already described in the USNVC. Conclusions: The PNG is dominated by the Bouteloua gracilis-Buchloe dactyloides Grassland Association, which we further subdivide and describe as three local subassociations. The mixed-grass concepts in the USNVC do not exist in the PNG.

Taxonomic reference: Hazlett (1998).

Syntaxonomic reference: USNVC (2016).

Abbreviations: BLM = Bureau of Land Management; CPER = Central Plains Experimental Range; ESA = Ecological Society of America; EST = Ecological Site Type; GPS UTM = Global Positioning System Universal Transverse Mercator; NEON = National Ecological Observatory Network; PNG = Pawnee National Grasslands; USNVC = United States Vegetation Classification.
Effect of differential music tempo on post-exercise cardiovascular recovery parameters in hypertensive individuals: a randomised control trial
Authors: Siddiqui A.N. , Ganai J. , Khan N. , Davari S. , Mujaddadi A.
Published: November 2020

Hypertensive individuals tend to have autonomic dysfunction indicated by sympathetic dominance or delayed parasympathetic reactivation. A complimentary therapy such as music following exercise is considered to be beneficial in improving autonomic recovery. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of differential music tempo on post-exercise cardiovascular recovery parameters in hypertensive individuals. Thirty hypertensive individuals were recruited for the present study which were randomly allocated to no music (n=10), slow music (n=10) and fast music (n=10) group. Participants in all three groups were subjected to submaximal exercise bout by Harvard step test. The cardiovascular recovery parameters i.e. heart rate recovery (HRR), blood pressure recovery (BPR) and rating of perceived exertion recovery (RPER) were assessed in all three groups after 1 min, 2 min and 3 min following termination of exercise. A significant decline was observed in HRR (P=0.002) and RPER (P=0.008) following exercise in slow music group as compared to fast and no music while no significant differences were observed in BPR between the three groups. The study concluded that music accelerates post-exercise recovery and slow music has greater effect as compared to fast or no music. These findings may have potential implications in the cardiovascular recovery dynamics in hypertensive individuals participating in submaximal exercise.
Students' Project Competency within the Framework of STEM Education
Authors: Levanova Elena Alexandrovna , Galustyan Olga Vladimirovna , Seryakova Svetlana Bronislavovna , Pushkareva Tatyana Vladimirovna , Serykh Anna Borisovna , Yezhov Alexey Viktorovich
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to formation of students' project competence within the framework of STEM education. Project competence is an important component of professional competence of a future specialist and is applicable to designate professionalism. The article identifies the main characteristics of STEM education as means of formation of project competence of students. Project competence is characterized by possession of special knowledge, skills and abilities (to solve problems on the basis of putting forward and substantiating hypotheses, to set an activity goal, to plan activities, to collect and to analyze necessary information, to carry out an experiment, to present research results). Structure of project competence is presented by information, research, and analytical components. The authors conclude that STEM education provides formation of students' project competence.
State of Art of Data Mining and Learning Analytics Tools in Higher Education
Authors: Salihoun Mohammed
Published: November 2020

In this decade, the use of learning management systems (LMS) does not cease to increase, becoming one of the most popular approaches adopted and widely used in the learning process. Learners' online activities generate a huge amount of unused data that is wasted because traditional learning analyses are not able to process them. In this regard, a large collection of applications/tools have emerged to conduct research in educational data mining (EDM) and / or learning analysis (LA). This study looks into the recent applications/tools of Big Data technologies in education and presents some of the most widely used, accessible, and powerful tools in this field of research. The majority of these tools are for researchers with the purpose of conducting research on educational data mining and learning analysis.
Design of a Media Resource Management System for Colleges Based on Cloud Service
Authors: Sun Heng , Ni Wan , Zhao Peng
Published: November 2020

In recent years, many new technologies, such as the Internet, cloud computing, and the 5th-generation (5G) mobile network, have been widely applied in colleges. The structure and functions of traditional media technology can no longer satisfy the demand for media resource management (MRM) in colleges. Therefore, this paper creates an intelligent MRM system based on cloud service, providing a brand-new intelligent MRM solution. Through cloud service and artificial intelligence (AI), the proposed system relies on intelligent algorithms to realize automatic, comprehensive, and quick identification, review, tagging, storage and query of videos and images in media resources. The research findings can effectively improve the quality of college teaching and enhance the value of media resources.
Knowledge Societies Landscape and Framework for Distinct Context Settings
Authors: Lopes Nuno Vasco
Published: November 2020

The chapter attempts to do a comprehensive literature review on knowledge societies describing its main concepts, dimensions, aspects, and actors/players. In addition to the literature review, it proposes a framework to build knowledge societies. The framework presents seven dimensions, which have been extracted from the literature where each dimension is characterized by several aspects collected from the literature. The framework can be used by decision makers around the world as a useful tool for building robust knowledge societies in different context-specific environments.
Rwanda as a Knowledge Society
Authors: Baguma Rehema , Finquelievich Susana
Published: November 2020

Generating and developing knowledge societies is a key element for sustainable development as defined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015. Based on a limited natural resource base, Rwanda chose to take an approach to development that differs from that of its neighbours by making ICTs the cornerstone of its development. With this focus, government of Rwanda (GoR) took a Pro-ICT led public policy that has led to several public reforms such as but not limited to liberalization of the telecom sector, enactment of laws to govern electronic messages, signatures, transactions, data protection, cyber-security and ICT usage, development of relevant infrastructure and establishment of key institutions such as the Rwanda Utilities and Regulatory Agency (RURA) and Rwanda Information Society Authority (RISA). These reforms have in turn led to a fast-growing ICT sector in Rwanda compared to that of the neighbours. To-date, Rwanda is one of the fastest growing African countries in ICT. In 2015, Rwanda emerged as the third best ICT country in Sub-Saharan Africa behind South Africa and Seychelles. In 2016, it moved one position up and emerged 2nd behind Seychelles. The fast-growing ICT sector has stimulated entrepreneurial creativity and growth across the economy. This chapter examines the best practices that Rwanda has applied in her journey to a knowledge society that could possibly help other countries in the region pursuing the same objective. The chapter also briefly reviews challenges and gaps in Rwanda's journey to a knowledge society and suggests recommendations for further improvement.
Developing Knowledge Societies
Authors: Kyamureku Peace T.
Published: November 2020

This chapter explores how the knowledge societies are being developed in different local, national, regional, and international societies and more in particular how the women and girls in Kanungu are developing their knowledge within the clans. The methodology followed to generate a set of questions: What are clans? and Does belonging to a clan group have an individual or group impact on their identity (as Bakiga/Banyankole/Bahororo/Bairu/Bahima) Ugandans? Why are women in Kanungu district organizing in paternal clans? How new is the trend? What is its origin? Are there women, girls who do not identify with clans? What are the basic socio-economic challenges confronting the girls and women of Kanungu? Has local government and development partners tried to deal with the challenges of women? With what results? Is organizing in Clan Groups matriarchy? Is it empowerment or cementing submissiveness? Is it increasing women work load? What is its effect on men-masculinity? In order to understand how the clan groups' learn, a feminist qualitative ethnographic approach was used. Women's personal stories were collected through focus group discussions and interviews to explore their experiences on the prospects and challenges of clan group activities. A sample of five women and five men randomly picked was used. Therefore, this chapter aims to stimulate sharing knowledge and learning about women's lives in rural areas; document women's narratives; show the economic development trends in Uganda; promote self-actualization, self-awareness, and pride among women as equal citizens of Uganda; and motivate reading and learning and contribute to creation of rural libraries.
Information and Knowledge Needs of Artisans in a Knowledge Society
Authors: Wani Showkat Ahmad
Published: November 2020

The chapter demonstrates the concept of information, knowledge, and the knowledge society. Stress was given to highlight the information and knowledge needs of artisans, problems faced by them, and how they can achieve socio-economic development in a knowledge society. The particular ascent was given to highlight the perceptions and beliefs of willow-works artisans of district Ganderbal, India. The sample of 100 artisans was surveyed and it was founded that majority of them are between the age group of 20-40 years; 63% among them are educated (ranging from 5th–PG above), and there are both genders which practice willow-works, but the majority of them are males. Their tenet is that knowledge can change their standard of living, if there are provisions in knowledge society for creating and disseminating the new knowledge among these artisans pertinent to technology, scientific cultivation of raw materials, marketing, availability of new markets, and potential exploitation by entrepreneurs.
Influence of Information Systems and Technology on Hospitality Business Performance in Albania
Authors: Shkrepa Lerida , Kruja Alba Demneri
Published: November 2020

The transition from a closed economy to an open, market economy created new opportunities for the development of tourism in Albania. Tourism is known as one of the industries with the largest use of information technology (IT), but for various reasons, application of information systems (IS) in Albanian hotels is lower compared to other countries in Balkan region and other countries in Europe. Many processes and operations are handled in old and traditional ways. Most of the entrepreneurs do not know the benefit of using IS in the daily processes of the hotels. However, the demand of hospitality services dictates the need of using contemporary IS to gain competitive advantage and to survive in the market. IS and technology impacts competitiveness, management of information flow, and the decision-making process. They have influenced performance of the hotel sector through changing the nature of tourism services and the target market. This chapter aims to establish the extent of usage of these systems in the overall performance of the hotels in Tirana, the capital of Albania.
Emerging Challenges
Authors: Cicek-Okay Sevsem
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the post-migration experiences of Turkish women in Saudi Arabia. The author explores the reasons Turkish women immigrate to Saudi Arabia and identifies the challenges they encounter while living there. The author recruited 115 Turkish immigrant women through snowball sampling and conducted semi-structured interviews. The research data reveal the sociodemographic attributes of Turkish women immigrants and their narratives of the adaptation process. The interview data was analyzed using thematic analysis which suggested three salient categories: factors facilitating the adaptation process, including language proficiency and religion; barriers in the adaptation process, including environmental problems and challenges related to social and political structures of Saudi Arabian society; and coping mechanisms to navigate or overcome such challenges, including residing near a partners' workplace and other Turkish immigrants. The findings demonstrate the significance of gender identity for Turkish immigrant women's experiences in Saudi Arabian society.
Building Fearless, Confident CLD Learners
Authors: Penner-Williams Janet , Lopez Trish A. , McKeever Chrystal , de Cortina Rebecca Carpenter
Published: November 2020

Family engagement in schools is important for the success of all students, but especially critical with parents of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students. Building-level administrators and teachers are in a unique position to serve as the agents to create positive, strong relationships with families. This chapter presents a qualitative case study of an exceptionally diverse elementary school located in an area with an increasing CLD population. Through multifaceted interviews, focus groups, and observations, four overarching themes emerged: (1) creating a positive, supportive, welcoming environment to support families and cultures; (2) building relationships and purposeful communication as core values; (3) teacher training, roles, responsibilities, and support; and (4) the importance and impact of community partner relationships. These themes along with their implications for school practices that promote effective school-family-community relations and connections to extant literature are discussed.
Bilingual/Bicultural Paraprofessionals as Brokers of English Learners' Family-Teacher Relationships
Authors: Díaz Eva I. , Worthen Diana Gonzales , Gist Conra D. , Smart Christine
Published: November 2020

For over four decades, bilingual/bicultural paraprofessionals have been vital partakers in the education of English learners (ELs). Scholars have underscored school districts' reliance on them for instructional/learning support and their potential as builders of home-school bridges. Moreover, family-teacher relationships are essential to ELs' positive academic and well-being outcomes. Nevertheless, the paraprofessional's role in bridging relationships between teachers and families of ELs is less understood. This chapter presents a research synthesis of the extant peer-reviewed research literature published in the last 30 years on the role of bilingual/bicultural paraprofessionals in promoting more equitable relationships between the families and teachers of ELs. Three main themes emerged, including (a) building trust, (b) connecting families and teachers via linguistic and cultural brokering, and (c) activating biographical community cultural wealth. The findings also highlight the need for positioning relational brokering as equally crucial as linguistic and cultural brokering. Implications for practice and research are addressed.
The Role of Educator Preparation Programs in Fostering Partnerships With Schools in Supporting English Language Learners, Immigrant Families, and Special Education
Authors: Nyarambi Arnold , Nkabinde Zandile P.
Published: November 2020

Teacher educator preparation programs play a central role in preparing teachers and practitioners who work with children with exceptionalities, immigrants, and English language learners (ELL), among others. Research indicates that immigrants, ELL, and children with exceptionalities benefit from effective family-professional partnerships in several ways. Family-professional relationships are also key in producing positive educational outcomes for vulnerable and children who are at-risk. The following layers of partnerships and relationships are discussed: university-based educator preparation programs (EPPs) and K-12 schools; immigrant families and K-12 schools; and teachers/caregivers in K-12 schools and immigrant children/ELL, including children with exceptionalities. The benefits of positive partnerships and relationships are discussed. These include positive educational outcomes for children and their families, positive outcomes for children's school readiness, enhanced quality of life for families and their children, family engagement in children's programs, strengthening of home-school program connection, and trust-building for all stakeholders.
Charming but Villain
Authors: Kabadayı Lale
Published: November 2020

In the history of cinema, bad girl/boy characters are less common than other villain characters. However, these characters have a lot of influence on the audience. The Bad Seed movies, which are important book adaptations, are remarkable for the evil done by a charming, pretty little girl. The audience watched the story of this eight-year-old-girl for the first time with the adaptation made in 1956. The book was adapted as a television movie in the US both in 1985 and 2018. However, it was made in Turkey, too. This adaptation was shot in 1963 by director Nevzat Pesen. This black-and-white film is considered one of the best thriller-horror films of Turkish Cinema. In this study, the relationship of the little girl with evil will be examined in terms of differences in US and Turkish adaptations. Thus, the difference between the two cultures regarding the relationship between child and villainy will be evaluated from the point of cinema.
Museum as Medium
Authors: Ulus Hüseyin Ekrem , Favaro Aslı
Published: November 2020

This chapter first discusses how and why it is extremely difficult to define the concept of evil in theory and next analyzes why Goldberg's diachronic theory is useful in the study of evil. The authors explain how evil is fundamentally connected to the concepts of temporality and memory in the narrative universe of Museo. The intricacy of evil in the film is narrated through the metaphor of a museum. In this context, Museo's narrative gradually shows that each identity (or story) is limited by its scope of memory; and hence, each identity and their definitions of evil are different but somehow interrelated. As modern individuals, the protagonists have limited perception of history, loose connection with other cultures, and this leads them to commit an evil act. However, as in Goldberg's theory of diachronicity, when the museum brings several stories and temporalities together from different time spans, it becomes possible for the protagonist to question the motives of his evil act. Thus, Museo calls for a diachronic approach towards evil to challenge any form of ethnocentricity.
From “Hero” to “Evil”
Authors: Süslü Bilal
Published: November 2020

The security guard, who was the pioneer to prevent the suspicious package left in the entertainment area, was primarily declared as ‘hero' after the incident in Atlanta during the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and then he was vilified as ‘evil' as a result of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and media representations about the incident. The incident was adapted into the movie Richard Jewell in 2019, directed by Clint Eastwood. The movie, in which Jewell's devastating life is narrated in the screenplay, is regarded as to be worth analyzing because the media reflects the witch hunt that Stanley Cohen defines as a moral panic. Consequently, the moral panic creation of the media is tried to be analyzed through the movie Richard Jewell in this study.
Africa, 2030 Agenda and Agenda 2063
Authors: Oguntuase Oluwaseun James
Published: November 2020

The hierarchical state-led model of governance that is used to address global policy issues has proved to be wanting on sustainable development. This chapter discusses the concept of transnational governance of sustainable development, focusing on the United Nations 2030 Agenda and Agenda 2063 in Africa. The premise is that implementation of the two agendas represents an enormous challenge to African governments in terms of resources, extent, and urgency. The chapter will make a reasonable case that transnational governance is required for active engagement of non-state actors and relevant institutions to mobilize resources to support the effective implementation and monitoring of the 2030 Agenda and Agenda 2063 in Africa.
Determinants and Implications of Hopping Between Formal and Informal Jobs in Nigeria
Authors: Olakojo Solomon Abayomi , Onanuga Olaronke , Onanuga Abayomi Toyin
Published: November 2020

Job hopping between formal and informal sectors represents an important driver of welfare and productivity changes. The study investigates the patterns, forms, and drivers of informality and factors determining hopping between formal and informal jobs in Nigeria. The data obtained from the general household surveys (GHS) was estimated with binary logistic regression technique within and between waves of each GHS across 13 primary economic activities in the formal and informal employment. The authors found high hopping from informal to formal in six sectors including manufacturing, buying and selling, construction, financial services, professional services, and education. Focus was also on dividing the households into three stages of life course. There is a greater hopping among early adulthood than any other age categories. Hence, bottlenecks to performance and productivity of the identified sectors should be adequately tacked to engender an improved formal sector characterised with better remuneration and living standards of its workers.
Technological Innovations in Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Tandjigora Amadou
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature on technological innovations in general and more specifically on the use of information and communication technologies in agriculture. Emphasis was placed on two main tools, namely the telephone and the internet. The opportunities created by these two tools have been highlighted on the basis of previous studies supported by scientific arguments. Some stylized facts have also made it possible to highlight the level of these ICTs in 20 countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Some countries like Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Rwanda, and, to a lesser extent, Senegal are more advanced in this process of using ICT because they are relatively more economically stable. Finally, the constraints linked to the adoption of these ICTs as well as certain public policy recommendations were formulated.
Gender and Language
Authors: Koban Koç Didem
Published: November 2020

The present study investigated gender differences in the use of linguistic features as well as the social meanings attached to those differences. Academic essays, written by 44 (22 male, 22 female) first-year undergraduate students enrolled in the English Language Teaching program at a government university were analyzed with respect to the use of linguistic features (adjectives, empty adjectives, intensifiers, linking adverbials) as well as the number of words and sentences used by the students. The results showed that, in comparison to males, females used more adjectives, intensifiers, and words. Males, on the other hand, used more empty adjectives and linking adverbials than females. Based on the results, pedagogical implications are discussed, and recommendations are provided in order to increase teachers' awareness of gender differences and improve students' writing skills.
Locating the Transrhetorical in Multilingual Writing
Authors: Anyango-Kivuva Leonora
Published: November 2020

Students' lived lives and experiences are tools that they can use to learn and own their writing as they grow and become fluent writers. Theorists have described different ways that students draw from their first languages and culture to write in another language. This chapter showcases how two African students bring their culture of orality into the classroom and use it as a tool to understand, develop, and conquer their writing. The chapter gives examples of the students' narratives as they navigate their writing. As they write, they constantly dig into their culture through tools of translation in order to perform, inform, and transform their writing in English, a language that is different both linguistically and culturally from their own.
Contextualizing Second Language Writing in Literature Courses
Authors: Miri Mir Abdullah , Hung Bui Phu
Published: November 2020

A vast body of research encourages the teaching of literature in language education to improve learners' language competencies because literature is found rich in language features, contexts, and cultural instances. Even though previous research studies investigated second language writing (SLW) from different perspectives, they are inadequate in investigating ways of integrating writing into literature courses. For this purpose, this qualitative research involved five Afghan English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers with experience in integrating writing into literature courses in colleges. In addition, the study aimed to explore Afghan EFL teachers' reflections on integrating writing activities into literature courses. The results show that these teachers mainly suffered from workload, tight schedules, and shortage of relevant materials. While the challenges faced by the teachers reflected the local contexts, the advantages of reconciling writing with literature are perceived, and global pedagogical recommendations are made based on the findings of this study.
Gene Editing and Gene Therapies in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Tripathi Gyanendra , Faiyaz Maryam , Hasan Ziaul , Khanam Afreen , Husain Arbab
Published: November 2020

In past years, several novel treatments have been given by gene therapies for the treatment of cancer. Gene-based therapeutic approaches include gene transfer, oncolytic virotherapy, and immunotherapy. Gene Transfer or gene editing is the most recent treatment method that allows the insertion of new genes into the cancer cell to mediate the slow growth or death of the cancerous cell. Gene transfer is a very flexible technique, and a wide range of genes and vectors are being used in clinical trials with positive results. CRISPR/Cas9 is found to be a promising technology in cancer research. It helps to dissect the mechanism of tumorigenesis, identify the target for drug development, and helps in the cell-based therapies. Oncology virotherapy uses viral particles that are capable of replicating within the cancer cell and results in cell death. Oncology virotherapy has shown great efficiency in metastatic cancer. In immunotherapy, cells and viral particles are genetically modified before being introduced within the patient's body to trigger the host immune response to destroy cancer cells.
Apoptotic Pathway
Authors: Yasin Durdana , Zafaryab Md , Fakhri Khalid Umar , Husain Shaheen , Afzal Bushra , Sami Neha , Hemlata Hemlata , Rizvi M. Moshahid Alam , Fatma Tasneem
Published: November 2020

Cancer is a major killer disease caused by uncontrolled growth and invasion of cells. Apoptosis is the cell's natural mechanism of death, which maintains tissue homeostasis. Any mutation that disturbs the apoptotic pathway leads to deregulated proliferation, resistance, and evasion of apoptosis. This evasion is one of the hallmarks of malignant developments. Apoptosis takes place via two distinct pathways i.e. the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways. These pathways use cleaved caspases to execute apoptosis which in turn cleave many downstream proteins to kill the cells. They can also be inhibited through various means that include up-regulation of anti-apoptotic and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic factors. The authors here aim to impart a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical characteristics of these pathways that render scientists target these pathways and assess apoptosis restoring abilities of the novel drugs and natural products for cancer treatment.
Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bano Farhad , Fakhri Khalid Umar , Rizvi M. Moshahid Alam
Published: November 2020

In a conventional oral or intravascular drug delivery approach, therapeutic factors are distributed throughout the body and only a limited part of the drug reaches to tumor site. Packaging of cytotoxic agents in drug delivery systems like nanoparticles could enhance its delivery to specific targets in the tumors and could be potential candidate for therapeutics advancement. Targeted drug delivery holds the potential to overcome the present therapeutics of cancer by selective delivery of an arbitrary amount of drug at the tumor site. Loading of cytotoxic agents in drug delivery systems could enhance its delivery to specific targets based on strategy to reach the tumor site. This chapter explores the detailed of innovative methods of drug delivery, challenges of targeted drug delivery, and their implications.
Cancer
Authors: Rai Rashi , Bhukya Prudhvilal , Barman Muneesh Kumar , Singh Meenakshi , Chand Kailash , Sonkar Subash C. , Srivastava Manjita
Published: November 2020

Clinical trials are essential to govern the impact of a new possible treatment. It is utilized to determine the safety level and efficacy of a certain treatment. Clinical trial studies in cancer have provided successful treatment leading to longer survival span in the patients. The design of clinical trials for cancer has been done to find new ways to prevent, diagnose, treat, and manage symptoms of the disease. This chapter will provide detailed information on different aspects of clinical trials in cancer research. Protocols outlining the design and method to conduct a clinical trial in each phase will be discussed. The process and the conditions applied in each phase (I, II, and III) will be described precisely. The design of trials done in every aspect such as prevention, immunochemotherapy, diagnosis, and treatment to combat cancer will be illustrated. Also, recent innovations in clinical design strategies and principles behind it as well as the use of recent advances in artificial intelligence in reshaping key steps of clinical trial design to increase trial success rates.
Strategies for Digitizing Records in Academic Higher Education in South Africa
Authors: Luthuli Lungile Precious , Buthelezi Thobekile K.
Published: November 2020

Digitizing records ensures that the continuation of information value remains accessible and usable in all academic institutions. The study aimed to establish strategies being used for digitization of records in higher education institutions in South Africa. A case study design was found appropriate to investigate the strategies of digitizing records in KwaZulu-Natal. The study employed the qualitative research approach and collected data from the literature. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Furthermore, the study used an analytical review of empirical findings conversant of digitization of records in academic institutions as the strategy. Literature was reviewed across the world and narrowed down to KwaZulu-Natal intending to trace strategies being used by universities in KwaZulu-Natal. The findings revealed that most records are stored on the digital platforms or network servers that the university manages. Users across the world get access to these records and it gives the platform to download all records. The findings further revealed that records are stored and digitized individually from the portable devices. The study recommended that institutions should offer more training to the staff.
Long-Term Preservation for Access of Audio-Visual Archives at Botswana National Archives (BNARS)
Authors: Moloi Julie
Published: November 2020

This chapter discusses the long-term preservation and access to audio-visual (AV) archives at the Botswana National Archives and Records Services (BNARS). The principal guidance to the study was attributed to international preservation guidelines, standards, and best practices. The study adopted a qualitative approach, along with the employment of these data collection methods: interviews, observation, and document review. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the target population, which included the deputy director, senior archivist, and the archives officer. Data was subjected to thematic analysis in line with the set objectives. The key research findings of the study indicated that there were no long-term preservation strategy for AV archives at BNARS, there was absence of archival access and no acquisition policies in place, various types of AV materials were all stored under the same roof and under the same climatic conditions. Furthermore, some AV archives were not processed thus making it hard to identify, retrieve, and make them accessible for use. Additionally, the research reflected that there was lack of requisite special technical skills needed for long-term preservation of AV archives. Finally, the study revealed that there was no specific budget for the long-term preservation of AV archives at BNARS. In conclusion, therefore, the study recommends that, BNARS develop a holistic AV preservation strategy to ensure the long-term availability and accessibility of AV archives for future use.
The Situation of Bibliographic Control in Vietnamese Libraries
Authors: Văn Tặc Phạm , Tâm Phạm Thị Minh
Published: November 2020

The role of bibliographic control in Vietnamese libraries is analyzed from various perspectives such as the function, objectives, and direction of standardization in cataloging. In Vietnam, the unified description cataloging and bibliographic control in libraries still faces many difficulties due to the inconsistent application of the MARC21, AACR2, DDC, ISBD, and other emerging cataloging standards in the Vietnamese library system. This chapter analyzes the limitations of applying standards through the Cataloguing in Publication (CIP) tool and offers suggestions for improving the situation for better bibliographic control and better information for users.
Impact of the Cloud and Social Platforms on Records Management
Authors: Elaturoti Abiola Bukola
Published: November 2020

Cloud and social platforms have profound consequences for records management, in several ways. The chapter looks at and brings out the impact/effect of the cloud and social platforms on records management. Cloud computing embodies a deep change, a modification in how organizations store and manage information, the complete implications of which are not yet recognized. In the short term, it is suspected the cloud will make it cheaper to identify these implications and more scalable (and in many cases, more secure and stable). Additionally, it is undeniable that social media has become a pillar of modern-day society. Organizations and government bodies, therefore, are witnessing a surge in the volume of content of valuable information which they now have to manage and engage with over social media platforms unlike the management of physical documents through electronic records management regulations and tools. In the long run, however, there is no total idea about what things like changing from one provider to another or pulling content back on premises, or of doing e-discovery will do to records management. How would things be done with the application or adoption of the two platforms? What would they cost?
Creating a Winning and Salable Records Management Culture in a Dynamic Space
Authors: Lawrence Powell Tricia
Published: November 2020

Records and information management, in this exponentially growing technological era, has enjoyed its relevance but has also weakened its competitiveness as organizations seek to search for faster way to access information, make decisions, and ultimately, retain indefinitely everything in cyberspace. This phenomenon and paradigm shift create a disconnect in the retention period assignment as cost for space in the cloud is no longer a deterrent as many CEOs may equate same to the compensation of a records manager. This chapter looks at the strategies that practitioners can employ to address risks. The risk matrix connects the variables legal, control, compliance, and fiduciary deliverables for a sustained salable and winning environment. The coordinated strategies will reposition practitioners and ultimately restructure the change management agenda of the organization. It is experiential and allows practitioners an opportunity to use templates as aids.
Knowledge Economy
Authors: Emiri Ogochukwu Thaddaeus
Published: November 2020

Intellectual capital is now widely recognized as key factor in organization success and as such is of relevance to libraries. Intellectual capital management, therefore, is of great relevance to library and information professions. However, the wider ramification of the relationship between intellectual capital management (ICM), knowledge management (KM), and library and information science (LIS) is yet to be properly exploited by LIS professionals. Without doubt, there is a dynamic and multi-faceted relationship. This chapter introduces key aspects of this relationship, and in particular potential synergies, conflicts in literature, pre-requisites for ICM implementation in libraries and challenges faced by the library and information professions. In the light of this, the author concluded that LIS professionals must see KM and ICM as an integral part of librarianship. More so, in order for LIS professionals to properly implement ICM practices, there is the need to acquire new management skills, strategic and policy-making skills, and have in-depth experience in the management of information. Finally, from the author's perspective, the success of ICM and KM in library organizations would require strong leadership and vision from top administration, which will influence the organization's sharing efforts as a culture.
Towards the Synergy of Genre- and Corpus-Based Approaches to Academic Writing Research and Pedagogy
Authors: Lu Xiaofei , Casal J. Elliott , Liu Yingying
Published: November 2020

This paper outlines the research agenda of a framework that integrates corpus- and genre-based approaches to academic writing research and pedagogy. This framework posits two primary goals of academic writing pedagogy, that is, to help novice writers develop knowledge of the rhetorical functions characteristic of academic discourse and become proficient in making appropriate linguistic choices to materialize such functions. To these ends, research in this framework involves 1) compilation of corpora of academic writing annotated for rhetorical functions, 2) analysis of the organization and distribution of such functions, 3) analysis of the linguistic features associated with different functions, 4) development of computational tools to automate functional annotation, 5) use of the annotated corpora in academic writing pedagogy, and 6) exploration of the role of form-function mappings in academic writing assessment. The implications of this framework for promoting consistent attention to form-function mappings in academic writing research, pedagogy, and assessment are discussed.
Drone Forensics
Authors: Al-Room Khalifa , Iqbal Farkhund , Baker Thar , Shah Babar , Yankson Benjamin , MacDermott Aine , Hung Patrick C. K.
Published: November 2020

Drones (a.k.a. unmanned aerial vehicles – UAV) have become a societal norm in our daily lives. The ability of drones capture high-quality photos from an aerial view and store and transmit such data presents a multi-facet problem. These actions possess privacy challenges to innocent users who can be spied on or drone owner's data which may be intercepted by a hacker. With all technological paradigms, utilities can be misused, and this is an increasing occurrence with drones. As a result, it is imperative to develop a novel methodological approach for the digital forensic analysis of a seized drone. This paper investigates six brands of drones commonly used in criminal activities and extracts forensically relevant data such as location information, captured images and videos, drones' flight paths, and data related to the ownership of the confiscated drone. The experimental results indicate that drone forensics would facilitate law enforcement in collecting significant information necessary for criminal investigations.