bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep incursion and use of a mineral lick within a neighboring territory by a group of white-bellied spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) in eastern Ecuador
Authors: Álvarez-Solas S. , Abondano L. , Di Fiore A. , Link A.
Published: December 2023

One convergent aspect of the societies of chimpanzees and spider monkeys is the fact that members of a social group jointly conduct territorial boundary patrols and raids into home ranges of neighboring groups. Boundary patrols are usually perpetrated by subgroups of adult and subadult males who travel in silence into neighboring territories. Only rarely do females participate in these incursions. Moreover, for spider monkeys living in the western Amazon, mineral licks (or ‘salados’) seem to be key areas where animals descend to the ground and consume water and soils, most likely to acquire minerals not readily available in their diet. Based on 10 years of behavioral research, here we document a unique case in which most members of one group of white-bellied spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) collectively made a deep incursion into a neighboring group’s territory and used a mineral lick well within a that group ́s range. This particular event raises the intriguing questions of what knowledge group members might possess about locations of key resources in adjacent territories, how they acquire this knowledge, and what motivates the use of those resources, especially when groups have other mineral licks they can frequent within their own territories. Although occasional deep incursions into other group’s ranges may be part of the repertoire of intergroup interactions engaged in by wild spider monkeys, the underlying explanation behind the decision to visit and consume soil from mineral licks in neighboring territories remains largely unexplained.
A comparison of primate species abundance and diversity between a protected and an indigenous-owned site in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador
Authors: Stafford Ciara A. , Sidhu Christopher , Barker William , Lacey Katharine , Patiño Javier , Preziosi Richard , Sellers William
Published: December 2023

No abstract
Caracterização das interações entre sagüis (Callithrix penicillata) e humanos
Authors: Ribeiro Cristiane Vale , Do Vale Caroline Almeida , Andriolo Artur , Prezoto Fábio
Published: December 2023

No abstract
Immigration of a female Alouatta guariba clamitans into a group inhabiting a restinga forest in southern Brazil
Authors: Jardim Márcia Maria de Assis , Setz Eleonore Zulnara Freire
Published: December 2023

No abstract
Ecological observations on the primates of the Area de Conservación Privada Panguana, Peruvian Amazonia
Authors: Göbel Miriam , Heymann Eckhard W.
Published: December 2023

We report results from the first systematic survey and ecological observations of primates of the Área de Conservación Privada Panguana (ACPP), located in Peruvian Amazonia between the Sira Mountains, the eastern slopes of the Andes and, the Gran Pajonal. Seven primate species (Leontocebus leucogenys, Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis, Cebus yuracus, Aotus nigriceps, Alouatta seniculus, Plecturocebus discolor, Pithecia inusta) were encountered during the study. Their group sizes were within ranges reported for the same or for related species at other sites, but tended to range at the lower end of group size values. No habitat preferences were detected except for L. leucogenys and S. boliviensis peruviensis who were more frequently encountered around or within forest gaps. Plant species or genera consumed during our observations coincide with species and genera reported from other areas, and several are also used by humans. ACPP is an important natural refuge in a landscape otherwise that is increasingly altered by human activities.
Demographic dynamics of Peruvian black-faced spider monkeys (Ateles chamek) reintroduced in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Carrasco-Rueda Farah , Bello Raúl
Published: December 2023

Reintroductions of animals are important conservation tools for different taxa around the world. A reintroduction program in the Peruvian Amazon is focusing on black-faced spider monkeys (Ateles chamek). We investigated life-history parameters such as stage-specific survival and female fertility rates using a capture-mark-recapture framework and data from the literature. We estimated growth rate and probability of extinction for a reintroduced group using matrix models, as well as testing whether population growth depends more on survival of juvenile females or adult females. Our results suggest the population of the reintroduced group is decreasing. After projecting the group size for the next 25 years using different scenarios, we found that in order for the group to persist, survival rate of the female adult stage needs to exceed 79 %. Given that group growth rate is more sensitive to the survival of adult females, management measures actions that target this demographic are required to guarantee survival of the group. Extrapolations of our results are subject to restrictions imposed by the small sample size and the conditions specific to this reintroduction program. However, this study may provide valuable lessons for reintroduction programs attempting the recovery of wild populations of similar species.
Por que os bugios ruivos se coçam?
Authors: Francisco Sheila Regina Schmidt , Dada Aline Naissa , Pereira Camila de Jesus , Hirano Zelinda Maria Braga
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho avaliou o comportamento de coçar em bugios-ruivos (Alouatta guariba clamitans) mantidos sob cuidados humanos no CEPESBI/Projeto Bugio/FURB e relacionou com eventos que antecedem e os comportamentos sucedem o ato de se coçar para verificar suas funções. Para tanto, foram avaliados 26 animais divididos em quatro grupos, conforme o sexo e a faixa etária dos animais (machos adultos, fêmeas adultas, fêmeas juvenis e machos juvenis). Os comportamentos foram registrados pelo método de todas as ocorrências. Foram realizadas 7 observações amostrais para cada animal. Obteve-se 364 horas amostrais com 300 minutos e 3,042 instantes de comportamento de se coçar. Observou-se que bugios adultos se coçam mais do que juvenis. Ruídos externos ao recinto foram os principais eventos que antederam os episódios de coceira. Os animais adultos utilizaram mais as mãos para se coçar do que os pés e a cauda. Esta preferência não foi observada nos juvenis. Todos os animais direcionam o olhar para longe durante o ato de se coçar, comportamento, este, mais evidente nas fêmeas adultas quando um evento externo ao recinto antecedeu o ato de se coçar. Todos estes achados podem indicar que o ato de se coçar pode significar que o animal encontra-se sob estresse ou em alerta. Observou-se ainda que após o ato de se coçar os bugios permaneceram mais vezes em descanso ou em locomoção. Não pudemos determinar se o ato de se coçar pode indicar mudança eminente de comportamento, como já demonstrado em outros primatas, pois não foram registrados todos os comportamentos que antecederam o ato de se coçar. A parte do corpo mais coçada por todos os animais foi a cabeça, seguida dos membros posteriores e das costas. A região da cabeça, que inclui a face, o crânio e o osso hioide, e das costas são as regiões com maior número de glândulas produtoras de pigmento nos machos adultos e de glândulas produtoras de pigmentos em estágio intermediário nas fêmeas e nos juvenis. Assim, o ato de se coçar pode participar do espalhamento da secreção colorida liberada por estas glândulas para colorir de ruivo o pelo dos animais. Este trabalho demonstrou que, assim como em outros primatas, o comportamento de se coçar é um indicativo de ansiedade e/ou estresse em bugios ruivos mantido sob cuidados humanos. Além disso, como demonstrado em vários trabalhos, este comportamento pode ter múltiplos gatilhos, como perigo, incerteza, mudança eminente de comportamento e também participar do espalhamento de secreção colorida/odorífera pela pele do animal. Para melhor entendimento do comportamento de se coçar em bugios ruivos, estudos complementares se fazem necessários.
Relato de caso envolvendo a translocação de uma fêmea de Brachyteles hypoxanthus (Primates, Atelidae) para um recinto semi-natural, como estratégia de conservação da espécie em Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: De Oliveira Priscila do Carmo , Tabacow Fernanda Pedreira , Gasparotto Vinicius Peron de Oliveira , Teixeira Erika Procópio Tostes , Testa Mikaelly Frasson , Teixeira Danilo Simonini , Ferreira Anderson Israel Gomes , Barros Thiago Pereira , Moreira Leandro Santana , Pereira Priscila Maria , De Melo Fabiano Rodrigues , De Melo Fabiana Cristina Silveira Alves
Published: December 2023

A translocação de primatas ameaçados de extinção é uma ferramenta de manejo que envolve o resgate de grupos ou de indivíduos isolados e/ou o reforço de populações em declínio, visando a conservação das espécies. O muriqui-do-norte (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) se encontra criticamente em perigo de extinção com uma população total estimada de aproximadamente 1,000 indivíduos. A ausência de conectividade entre as áreas de sua ocorrência leva ao isolamento de populações e, consequentemente, de fêmeas que migram em busca de um novo grupo. Nós apresentamos dados sobre os procedimentos da translocação de uma fêmea adulta de muriqui-do-norte que estava solitária e isolada em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica localizada no município de Simonésia, MG e liberada em um recinto seminatural localizado na Comuna do Ibitipoca, Lima Duarte, MG. A captura ocorreu por contenção química utilizando um rifle Dan-Inject (modelo JM Standard), e o dardo Dan-Inject de 1.5ml com a associação de Tiletamina/Zolazepam (Zoletil®) 5 mg/ kg + Xilazina 2 % - 2 mg/kg, e reaplicação com Cetamina 0.5 ml + Xilazina 10 % 0,1 ml. Foram realizados monitoramentos dos parâmetros vitais, exames físicos, coleta de biometria, material biológico e implante de microchip para identificação. A fêmea não apresentou intercorrências em relação à captura nem aos protocolos anestésicos utilizados. Os valores hematológicos e fisiológicos apresentaram alterações, entretanto, estavam dentro do esperado para o processo de captura e se assemelham aos valores observados em outros muriqui-do-norte translocados. Nossos dados contribuem com conhecimento sobre a captura e contenção química de primatas neotropicais de grande porte e com o desenvolvimento de protocolos de manejo específicos para muriqui-do-norte, assim como a estruturação de um parâmetro morfo-fisiológico para a espécie.
Ocorrência, ecologia e conservação do guigó-da-caatinga (Callicebus barbarabrownae - Hershkovitz, 1990)
Authors: Ribeiro Udemario Maia , Junior José Monteiro do Nascimento , Barbosa Francisco Mário Fagundes , Dos Santos Marcos Roberto Rossi
Published: December 2023

O guigó-da-caatinga, Callicebus barbarabrownae - Hershkovitz 1990, é o único primata endêmico do bioma caatinga no nordeste da Bahia. A espécie encontra-se ameaçada de extinção pela perda de habitat, causada principalmente pela supressão da vegetação e fragmentação das florestas onde se encontram. O presente estudo teve como objetivo localizar, com o auxílio de playback, e registrar os fragmentos ocupados por grupos de guigós no município de Banzaê, Bahia – Brasil. Além do registro de novas áreas de ocorrência, foi descrita a utilização de frutos dos gêneros Capparis (Brassicaceae) e Manilkara (Sapotaceae) pelos guigós.
Observations of diurnal activity in a ‘strictly’ nocturnal primate, the Peruvian night monkey (Aotus miconax), Yambrasbamba, Peru
Authors: Shanee Sam , Doolan Dan , Allgas Nestor , Salazar Claudia , Fack Vinciane
Published: December 2023

No abstract
Preliminary investigation into the differences in vocalisations between wild saki monkeys (Pithecia spp.)
Authors: Muir Jen , Barnett Adrian A. , Svensson Magdalena S.
Published: December 2023

Information on primate vocalisations can be applied in several ways, including: improving captive welfare, as a census tool for cryptic species, or to investigate the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on species’ behaviour (Delgado and van Shaik, 2000; Konrad and Geissman, 2006; Jacobsen et al., 2010). Vocalisations can be used as a taxonomic tool, and structural differences between calls have been used to compare a wide variety of taxa, including species of gibbon (Hylobatidae spp., Ruppell, 2010), marmosets (Callithrix spp., Mendes et al., 2009), owls (Strigidae spp., Flint et al., 2015), wolves (Canis spp., Kershenbaum et al., 2016), and galagos (Galagidae spp., Svensson et al., 2017). Additionally, differences in voca- lisations across taxonomic groups can be used to help determine genetic distances between species or investigate why vocal behaviours evolved (Blumstein and Armitage, 1998; Ord and Garcia-Porta, 2012).
New record and ecological notes on the andean night monkey (Aotus lemurinus I. Geoffroy, 1846) in a peri-urban area of the municipality of Cartago, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Grajales-Suaza Esteban , Cepeda-Duque Juan C. , Sánchez Adrián , Méndez-Carvajal Pedro G.
Published: December 2023

No abstract
Predação de Icterus croconotus por Sapajus cay
Authors: Silva Odair Diogo , Costa Thatiane Martins , Filho Manoel dos Santos , Carniello Maria Antonia , Muniz Claumir Cesar , Gusmão Almério Câmara , Silva Dionei José
Published: December 2023

No abstract
Poverty and Foreign Investment and their impact on HDI in West Java Province (2010-2022 period)
Authors: Perkasa Alam Bambang , Yolanda Yolanda , Arifin Zainal
Published: December 2023

This research aims to analyze the relationship between poverty and foreign investment (PMA) and its impact on the Human Development Index (HDI) in West Java Province during the 2010-2022 period. The research method uses a descriptive-analytical approach by collecting economic, social and investment data from official sources. The results of the analysis show that there is a correlation between the level of poverty and foreign investment in West Java. Economic growth achieved through FDI has had an impact on reducing poverty levels, but the pattern of distribution of wealth and economic benefits is still a challenge. Apart from that, this research also evaluates the positive and negative impacts of FDI on the Human Development Index in the region. The findings of this research can contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the relationship between poverty, foreign investment and human development at the regional level. Policy implications are suggested to improve the effectiveness of PM economic benefit distribution).
Diferencias Tecnológicas y Ventajas Comparativas en el Comercio Internacional
Authors: Ávalos Eloy
Published: December 2023

Este artículo es una presentación del modelo de ventajas comparativas de Ricardo - Torrens. El aporte del presente trabajo consiste en explicitar la estructura productiva de la economía con comercio internacional bajo un esquema analítico de la matriz insumo-producto y el supuesto tecnológico de Leontief, lo que no permitirá exponer de manera pedagógica los efectos positivos de la tecnología. cambiar. tanto en los términos de intercambio como en las posibilidades de consumo.
A Computational Linguistic Approach to English Lexicography
Authors: Yang Fan
Published: December 2023

Focusing on computational linguistic approaches to English linguistics, this research explores how computational methods can be applied to dissect, understand and utilise the English language. We first looked at text analysis and processing, delving into natural language processing techniques such as text categorisation, sentiment analysis and machine translation, and their application to social media and automated text processing. In the area of lexicography and semantics, we explored how techniques such as distributed word vectors, semantic role labelling and sentiment analysis can deepen our understanding of vocabulary and semantics. We highlight the importance of these techniques in natural language processing tasks such as sentiment analysis and information retrieval. In addition, we focus on cross-language comparative and multilingual research, emphasising how big data and cross-language comparative research can reveal similarities and differences between languages and their implications for global linguistics. Finally, we explore corpus linguistics and big data analytics, highlighting the richness of linguistic data and tools they provide for linguistic research. Overall, this study highlights the importance of computational linguistic approaches to English linguistics and how they have transformed the way linguistics is studied and language technology has evolved. Future research trends will continue to drive the further development of computational linguistics methods, leading to a closer integration of linguistics with big data analytics and computational methods, creating more opportunities for the future of the field of linguistics.
Hubungan Kemampuan Berbahasa Arab Dengan Kemampuan Menghafal Al-Qur’an Siswa Kelas Vlll Smpi Al-Mansyuriyah
Authors: Maulida Riska Amalia , Sahlani Sahlani , Hakim Lukmanul
Published: December 2023

The ability to speak Arabic is an important aspect of learning Arabic, where Arabic is the language of choice in writing the Qur'an so that as Muslims, especially students, they must have Arabic language skills in order to be able to read the Koran properly and correctly. Therefore, this research aims to determine whether or not there is a relationship between the ability to speak Arabic and the ability to memorize the Al-Quran. This research is a research with a quantitative correlation approach. The population in this study were all students of SMPI Al-Mansyuriyah and the sample in this study was students of class VII at SMPI Al-Mansyuriyah and the sample was determined using probability sampling. Data collection techniques in this study used description tests, interviews and documentation. While the data analysis techniques used descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis with the help of SPSS version 23 software using the product moment correlation test. Based on data analysis from the correlation test, the correlation coefficient value is r = 0.981 (ρ = 0.000, ρ <0.005) which means that there is a positive relationship between Arabic language skills and the ability to memorize the Qur'an for fifth grade students at SMPI Al-Mansyuriyah.
Pengaruh Perilaku Guru Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Mtsn 3 Kota Tangerang
Authors: Dinda Risty Nur Anisa Rahma
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACK
This study aims to determine the effect of teacher behavior on student learning outcomes in the Arabic subject at MTsN 3 Tangerang City. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. In this study there are two variables, namely Teacher Behavior (variable X) and Learning Outcomes (variable Y). The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire in the form of 11 questions for teacher behavior variables and 12 questions for learning outcomes variables. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation techniques. The population in this study were students of MTsN 3 Kota Tangerang. The sampling technique used is random sampling technique. The data source was obtained through a questionnaire filled out by 117 respondents from class VII.1, VII.2, VIII.1 and VIII.2. The results showed that the significant level was <0.05%, namely teacher behavior with a sig value of 0.000 <0.05%. Then the hypothesis Ho is accepted and Hi is rejected. So the results of learning Arabic students are influenced by teacher behavior. It can be seen from the results of the coefficient of determination, that the influence of variable X on variable Y is 53.8%. Based on this decision, it can be concluded that there is an influence of teacher behavior on student learning outcomes and 46.2% is influenced by other variables.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Perilaku Guru terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Arab di MtsN 3 Kota Tangerang. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua variabel yaitu Perilaku Guru (variabel X) dan Hasil Belajar (variabel Y). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket/kuesioner dalam bentuk pertanyaan 11 butir pertanyaan untuk variabel perilaku guru dan 12 butir pertanyaan untuk variabel hasil belajar. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Populasi adalah siswa MtsN 3 Kota Tangerang. Sampling yang digunakan adalah sampling random. Sumber data diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang diisi oleh 117 responden dari kelas VII.1, VII.2, VIII.1 dan VIII.2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat signifikan < 0,05% yaitu variabel Perilaku Guru dengan nilai sig 0,000 < 0,05%. Maka hipotesis Ho diterima dan Hi ditolak. Jadi hasil belajar bahasa arab siswa dipengaruhi oleh perilaku guru. Dapat dilihat dari hasil koefisien determinasi, bahwa besarnya pengaruh variabel X terhadap variabel Y sebesar 53,8%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh perilaku guru terhadap hasil belajar siswa dan 46,2% di pengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
Analisis Kesalahan Nahwu dalam Membaca Teks Arab Gundul Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Angkatan 2019 Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang
Authors: Fauziah Yasmin Laila , Kusni Nikmatullah , Nasrullah Nasrullah
Published: December 2023

Kunci utama dalam membaca teks bahasa arab dengan baik dan benar yaitu harus menguasai kaidah ilmu nahwu. Jika seseorang telah memahami ilmu nahwu maka tidak akan terjadi kesalahan harkat, kedudukan, dan maknanya,dan jika seseorang salah harkat dalam membaca teks berbahasa arab maka,akibatnya akan menimbulkan kesalahan makna dan menimbulkan arti yang berbeda. Ilmu nahwu dan teks Bahasa Arab gundul sangatlah berkaitan, ilmu nahwu adalah ilmu untuk mengetahui posisi kata dalam suatu kalimat dan perubahan vokal terakhir suatu kata dan dalam qowaid yang digunakan di dalamnya bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk Bahasa Arab dalam suatu kalimat. Sedangkan Arab gundul merupakan tatanan kata-kata Bahasa Arab yang tidak memiliki harokat atau syakl, maka dapat kita pahami bahwa penguasaan ilmu nahwu merupakan suatu syarat untuk bisa membaca dan memahami teks Arab gundul, Oleh karena itu, peneliti merasa perlu untuk meneliti dan menganalisis lebih lanjut mengenai “Analisis Kesalahan Nahwu dalam Membaca Teks Arab Gundul Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang” Penelitian ini difokuskan pada analisis kesalahan Nahwu dimana mahasiswa diberikan teks Arab gundul kemudian dibaca dan hasilnya akan dianalisis dimana saja letak kesalahan nahwu serta faktor internal maupun eksternal mahasiswa pendidikan bahasa arab dari kesalahan dalam membaca teks Arab gundul, Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu jenis penelitian deskriptif. Adapun teori yang digunakan adalah teori Ellis: mengumpulkan kesalahan, mengidentifikasi kesalahan, menjelaskan kesalahan, mengklasifikasi kesalahan, dan mengevaluasi kesalahan menggunakan metode wawancara. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini ialah: 1). Bentuk-bentuk kesalahan nahwu terjadi pada kaidah  ‘Amil nawasikh, Idhofah, Athof, Jar majrur dan Na’at man’ut. 2). Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kesalahan nahwu dalam membaca teks arab gundul yaitu: Kurangnya pemahaman terhadap kaidah ilmu nahwu, kurangnya peraktek dalam membaca kitab, kurangnya percaya diri dan takut salah, kurang mufrodat, kurang minat sampai kurang kondusif ketika belajar kaidah nahwu.
At tilhøre mindretal og flertal
Authors: Andresen Jens
Published: December 2023

I denne erindringsartikel fortæller Jens Andresen sin historie som grænselandsmenneske. Han er født og opvokset i Sydslesvig  som en del af det danske mindretal; uddannet i Danmark og bosat i Løgumkloster-området siden begyndelsen af 1970'erne.  Jens Andresen har gennem mange år været valgt til amtsrådet i Sønderjylland og senere til regionsrådet. Gennem næsten 20 år  har han været medlem af Grænseforeningens hovedstyrelse, og var 2016-2020 foreningens formand. I denne artikel reflekterer  han over sit liv, og om skiftet fra at være en del af et mindretal til at blive en del af flertallet, og om dansk-tysk samarbejde ved  grænsen.
Teaching Marlowe: Introduction
Authors: Frazer Paul , Hansen Adam
Published: December 2023

An introduction to this special issue on Teaching Marlowe.
"Why, this is Hell, nor are we out of it": The Problem with Marlowe in UK English Secondary Schools (and How to Get Over It)
Authors: Barnes Tom
Published: December 2023

Readers of this journal will need no persuading that Christopher Marlowe is in the pantheon of genius playwrights. Were you to ask students who have gone no further than A-Level English in UK schools about Marlowe, however, their answer would probably be “Who?” The average English school leaver, even if she has studied English to A-Level, is likely to have studied no more than three or four plays from the early modern period, and all of them by one author. In this brief paper, I wish to offer some historical reasons for this ignorance, and explain, using examples from my own history as a secondary school teacher of 33 years, how to address and potentially overcome it.
The use of the Delphi technique as part of the process of developing a tool to evaluate physiotherapy clinical education programmes
Authors: Naidoo V , Stewart A , Maleka D
Published: December 2023

Objectively evaluating the quality and effectiveness of a physiotherapy clinical education programme has been unsuccessful to date, due to its complexity and the lack of a standardised tool. We undertook to develop a standardised programme evaluation tool and used the Delphi method to obtain consensus (set at 80%) to determine the face and content validity of the items and domains of the tool, the scoring system and a name for the tool. Academics, clinical physiotherapists and clinical physiotherapy educators participated in the Delphi rounds. Three Delphi rounds ensued: in Delphi round 1, a 71% response rate was obtained and 49 questions obtained 80% consensus. In Delphi round 2, a 91% response rate was obtained and 59 questions obtained 80% consensus. In Delphi round 3, a 42% response rate was obtained, several names were suggested, and the scoring system was established. The provisional tool of 85 items ultimately emerged as the Vaneshveri Naidoo Clinical Programme Evaluation Tool (VN-CPET).
When sanctuaries of humanity turn into corridors of horror: The destruction of healthcare in Gaza
Authors: Mahomed S
Published: December 2023

The people of Gaza endure physical traumas, and psychological and social wounds directly linked to the combination of military occupations and the closing of its border, essentially forcing and trapping them in despair. The destruction of healthcare infrastructure in particular, has methodically added strain on an already hopeless situation, severely affecting the availability and accessibility of essential healthcare services for the population, which further perpetuates the cycle of peoples suffering. Such suffering has escalated to extreme proportions in 2023. As the violence and attacks continue with flagrant disregard of the Geneva and Hague conventions, the Rome Statute, occupational law, and international and humanitarian law, amid outcries from the international community, we see hospitals, that are traditionally regarded as sanctuaries of humanity transform into corridors of horror.
Patient perceptions of ICU physiotherapy: ‘Your body needs to go somewhere to be recharged ... ’
Authors: Karachi F , Van Nes M B , Hanekom S , Gosselink R
Published: December 2023

Background. Patient satisfaction is an essential concept to consider for the improvement of quality care in healthcare centres and hospitals and has been linked to increased patient compliance with treatment plans, better patient safety and improved clinical outcomes.
Objective. As part of a before-and-after clinical trial aimed to investigate the implementation of an evidence-based and -validated physiotherapy protocol within a surgical intensive care unit (ICU), we decided to include the patient perception of physiotherapy received in the intervention unit.
Method. A nested, exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study design was adopted. Purposively selected adult patients discharged from ICU during the implementation phase of the trial were interviewed.
Results. Eighteen patients (10 male) with a median age of 44 years and median ICU length of stay (LOS) of six days were included. Three themes and nine categories emerged: (i) linking therapy to clinical outcome (patient expectations and understanding; physiotherapy activities and the implication of mobilisation; physiotherapy benefits and progression); (ii) the importance of developing a trusting relationship (physiotherapy value; safety; continuity of care); and (iii) communication (satisfaction; interactions and patient perception and experience of physiotherapy).
Conclusion. While confirming barriers to early mobility, patients perceived participation in mobility activities as a marked jolt in their journey to recovery following a critical incident. Effective communication and preservation of trust between physiotherapist and patient are essential for understanding expectations and can facilitate improved outcomes. Clinicians can use the information when managing critically ill patients. Including patient-reported outcomes to measure physiotherapy interventions used in the ICU is feasible and can inform the development of such outcomes.
The role of the legal service in the implementation of the systematization of legislation
Authors: Embulaeva Natalia , Embulaeva Natalia
Published: December 2023

The object of the study is public relations on the systematization of legislation and the activities of the legal service of a public authority. The subject of the study is public relations related to the work of the legal service of a public authority and a local government body on codification, consolidation, incorporation and accounting of normative legal acts. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the formation of a classifier of legal acts, the development of a methodological basis for the classification of normative legal acts. Special attention is paid to the practical aspects of the classification of normative legal acts, as well as the need to create a Code of Laws of the Russian Federation based on the classifier. The historical background of the work on the systematization of legislation is analyzed. The role and powers of the legal service of the authority in the field of systematization of legislation are determined. The methodological basis of the research is philosophical and logical methods of cognition. Formal legal and comparative legal methods were used in the study of specific forms of systematization of normative legal acts. The novelty of the scientific research consists in studying the role of the legal service of a public authority and a local government body in carrying out work on the preparation of codified and consolidated normative legal acts. Legislative work should be systematic, which should be facilitated by the classifier of legal acts. It should be official in nature and contribute to the unification of legislation at both the federal and regional levels. It should also be based on the existence of branches in the legal system and branches of the legislative system when compiling the classifier headings. The subject criterion should be key and take into account the structure of the legal system and the system of legislation. The author comes to the conclusion that it is premature to start active work on the formation of the Code of Laws of the Russian Federation, since this is due to significant financial investments, as well as the lack of proper stability of legislation. Currently, there is an active formation of new legal institutions and the formation of new branches of law. Therefore, codification should come to the fore. Currently, not only the legal services of specific public authorities, but also private individuals, are doing an excellent job with the issues of incorporation and accounting.
Análise dos custos nas universidades federais brasileira com a implementação do REUNI: o que aconteceu?
Authors: Becker Juliana Weber , Gomes Helen Maria da Silva , Borgerti Altair , Becker Michel
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento dos custos e desempenho nas IFES brasileiras, antes, durante e após o Programa REUNI, o qual contempla os custos de 53 Universidades Federais, no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2021. Para tal, realizou-se, inicialmente, uma análise descritiva dos dados, para conhecimento do comportamento dos custos; em seguida, dividiu-se em três intervalos de tempo que indicam as três fases de implementação do REUNI para aplicação do Teste T independente de Student no sentido de verificar as variações entre as médias dos períodos analisados. Por fim, utilizou-se o método de Análise Envoltória de Dados para avaliação de eficiência das universidades anualmente. As análises dos dados de orçamento relacionados às variáveis de Educação permitiram observar o crescimento proporcionado ao ensino superior durante o período de vigência do Programa. Complementarmente, o período anterior à implantação do REUNI apresenta valor significativamente menor em relação às contas pessoal, encargos e benefícios sociais, outras despesas correntes, despesa de capital e total do orçamento executado, em comparação ao período que compreendeu a execução do Programa. Entretanto, quanto à análise de eficiência, os dois anos que antecederam o início do REUNI, 2006 e 2007, bem como os anos iniciais do Programa, são os mais ineficientes.
The Effect of Financial Performance and Capital Structure on Company Value With Company Size as a Moderation Variable
Authors: Utami Siska Widia
Published: December 2023

Aims: This study aims to analyze the effect of financial performance and capital structure on firm value with firm size as a moderating variable.

Research Contribution: can provide information to companies about the factors that influence company value so that companies can increase company value so that they can influence the perceptions of investors and potential investors towards the company.

Study Design: The method used is quantitative research with secondary data taken from the company's financial statements with data collection techniques using purposive sampling.

Place and Duration of Study: The population in this study are manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2019-2021.

Methodology: The data analysis used is moderated regression analysis (MRA).

Result:The results of this study indicate that: (1) Financial performance has no effect on firm value. (2) Capital structure has no effect on firm value. (3) Firm size has no effect on firm value. (4) Firm size is unable to moderate the effect of financial performance on firm value. (5) Firm size is able to moderate the effect of capital structure on firm value.

Research Limitations: (1) the proxy used to measure financial performance only uses net profit margin, (2) the proxy used to measure capital structure only uses the debt to equity ratio, (3) the research object only focuses on manufacturing companies in the goods industry sector consumption is listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange with an observation period of only three (3) years
Current Update on the Management and Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Elsedawy Hala Fawzy Sale
Published: December 2023

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) comprises a set of inherited conditions marked by enzymatic deficiencies within the adrenal steroidogenesis pathway, resulting in compromised cortisol synthesis and, in certain instances, heightened androgen production. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) arises from autosomal recessive genetic mutations affecting enzymes crucial for the adrenal glands’ biochemical synthesis of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, or sex steroids from cholesterol. The majority of these conditions result in either excessive or deficient production of sex steroids, potentially influencing the development of primary or secondary sex characteristics in affected infants, children, or adults. The management and treatment of CAH are geared towards optimizing hormonal equilibrium, averting adrenal crises, and addressing associated comorbidities. This review presents an updated survey of contemporary approaches to CAH management, encompassing glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapies, along with strategies to alleviate androgen excess. Furthermore, it is required that we look into emerging treatments, including novel pharmaceutical interventions and advancements in genetic and reproductive technologies. The complexities and possibilities inherent in the comprehensive care of individuals with CAH, involving collaboration among endocrinologists, geneticists, and reproductive specialists, are also examined. This review presents an updated survey of contemporary approaches to CAH management, encompassing glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapies, along with strategies to alleviate androgen excess. By scrutinizing recent advancements, this abstract provides valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of CAH management, emphasizing the imperative for sustained research efforts to augment the well-being of affected individuals.
Efficacy of Certain Insecticides and Neem Products against Shoot and Fruit Borer [Earias vittella (Fabricius)] of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]
Authors: Rohith Paila , Tayde Anoorag Rajnikant , Chandar Ashok Sakharam , Divya Reguri
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted at the research plot at Central Research Farm (CRF), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, during the Rabi Season of 2022-2023 where eight treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design (RBD) Eight treatments i.e., Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC @ 0.3ml/lit, Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @0.5ml/lit ,Spinosad 45%SC@1.3 ml/lit, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @0.5 ml/lit, Imidacloprid 17.80%SL @0.5ml/lit,  Azadirachtin 1% EC @ 10ml/lit, NSKE 5% @ 50 ml/lit and untreated Control. The data on the percent infestation of the shoot and fruit borer on okra third, seven and fourth day after spray reveal that all the insecticides and neem products were significantly superior over control. Among all the different treatments lowest shoot and fruit infestation of okra was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole (10.21% ,9.98%) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (11.45%, 12.29%), Spinosad 45%SC (13.86%, 14.11%), Imidacloprid 17.80% SL (16.94,15.87%), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5%EC (17.83, 16.03%), Azadirachtin 1% EC (19.25%, 17.04%) and NSKE 5% (20.35%, 18.75%), control (24.84%, 25.98%). The yields among the treatment were significant. The yield and benefit cost ratio was recorded  in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC (195.5 q/ha) (1:9.3) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG  (149.2q/ha), (1:8.2), Spinosad 45 % SC (140.2q/ha), (1:8.11), Imidacloprid 17.80SL (136.3q/ha), (1:7.9), Lambda cychalothrin 2.5 EC (133.2q/ha), (1:7.6), Azadirachtin 1% (96.3q/ha) (1:5.5) and NSKE 5% (92.4q/ha) (1:5.2)  as compared to, control (72.2q/ha), (1:4.2).
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Population Dynamics of Soil Microorganisms in Tea Rhizosphere at Kericho, Kenya
Authors: Mutai Caroline C. , Mwamburi Lizzy A. , Kipsumbai Pixley K.
Published: December 2023

Aim: The long-term cultivation of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) alters microorganism communities in the rhizosphere; it can increase saprotrophs, pathogenic microorganisms and reduce symbiotrophs. Fertilizers are sources of plant essential nutrients and can influence the activity and population of soil microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the effect of fertilization regimes on the population dynamics of soil microorganisms in the tea rhizosphere for its management.

Place and Duration: The study was carried out at the Tea Research Institute, Kericho, Kenya during the dry (February-March) and wet season (June-July).

Methodology: Two main fertilizer types; organic (Phymix) and inorganic (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium- NPK) and foliar fertilizer (Tecamin Max, Tecnokel Amino Mix) as sub treatments application at the rate of 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1), were applied in four replications. Sampling of soil was done before treatment application, during the dry season (February-March) and the wet season (June-July). The fungal and bacterial populations for both seasons were characterized. The data collected was analyzed using SAS (version 9) Statistical Software.

Results: The study showed that the fungal colony units varied significantly (P≤0.05) between the types of fertilizer both during dry and rainy season. The interactions of fertilizer type and rate also varied significantly (P≤0.05) for fungal populations during both seasons. No significant variation was noted for the bacterial population (cfu) for both seasons regardless of fertilizer type and rates. The fungi identified included; Cylindrocarpon spp., Trichoderma spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. Colletotrichum spp., Pestalotiopsis spp., and Fusarium spp. The bacteria included; Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Rhizobium spp., and Xanthomonas spp.

Conclusion: Organic fertilizer increased fungal populations significantly, an indication of enhanced soil health and may be recommended for use.
Influence of Natural Farming, Organic and Inorganic Systems of Nutrition on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Singh Tejender , Kumari Priyanka , Ravinder  , Shobhit
Published: December 2023

A field experiment entitled “influence of natural farming, organic and inorganic systems of nutrition on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Mandi (H.P.) during Rabi season (2021-2022). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications, consisting of six nutrient management treatments. Results of study revealed that inorganic and integrated nutrient management (FYM @ 5 ton ha-1 + 50 percent recommended dose of fertilizers) treatments behaving alike resulted in better crop growth (plant height, shoot number and dry matter accumulation), yield attributes (number of effective tillers, spike length, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight) and higher yield (grain and straw) compared to treatments comprised of farmer’s practice (FYM @ 2.5 ton ha-1  + 50 percent recommended dose of fertilizers), organic (FYM @ 10 ton ha-1  + Jeevamrit) and natural farming (Beejamrit +Jeevamrit + mulching) systems of nutrition.
Diesel Engine Emissions
Authors: Greim Helmut
Published: December 2023

Emissions from Diesel engines contain several hundred chemical compounds, which are emitted partly as gas and partly as particles. The composition of Diesel exhaust and its concentrations in air have changed significantly over time, to the extent that now there is a distinction between “traditional” and “new technology” diesel emissions. This is important to recognize when evaluating epidemiology studies. New technology Diesel engines comply with emissions from EURO 3 vehicles and higher. Starting with EURO 5 a significant further reduction of particle emissions has been achieved by increased temperature, which however lead to increased emissions of NOxand exceeded the NO2emission limit. To overcome this problem some car manufacturers installed illegal software that detected the vehicle test bench operation, resulting in low emissions during the test cycle. Detection of such devices in 2015 led to the “Diesel scandal.” In 2017 the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP) was introduced for new cars, which simulates emissions under different driving conditions. It became mandatory for certification of all new vehicles by September 2018. In addition, fleet CO2emissions have been introduced for all cars, requiring that by 2020 95% of each manufacturer's passenger car must meet the CO2emission target of 95 mg/km, by 2021 100% of the fleet. All these regulations significantly reduced the emissions of Diesel and gasoline‐driven cars, which since the introduction of the EURO 6 regulation in 2014 are almost similar for both. Since the energy efficiency of Diesel motors is up to 20% higher than that of gasoline‐driven cars resulting in up to 20% lower CO2emission there is no reason to question the future use of Diesel engines. These regulations apply for new cars and sampling points close to streets with high traffic still exceed the limit values especially for NO2. In several cities, this led to restrictions for passenger cars of EURO 5 and below. Since concentrations close to streets are not relevant to evaluate the long‐term exposure of the population these measures are highly debatable. This chapter reviews the toxicology of Diesel exhaust and current regulatory requirements.
Cognitive and emotional predictors of quality of life and functioning after COVID‐19
Authors: Ariza Mar , Cano Neus , Segura Bàrbara , Bejar Javier , Barrué Cristian ,   NAUTILUS Project Collaborative Group, Cortés Claudio Ulises , Junqué Carme , Garolera Maite
Published: December 2023

Objective

A long‐term decline in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) has been reported after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Studies with people with persistent symptoms showed inconsistent outcomes. Cognition and emotion are important determinants in HRQoL, but few studies have examined their prognostic significance for HRQoL and functionality in post‐COVID patients with persisting symptoms. We aimed to describe QoL, HRQoL, and functioning in individuals post‐COVID with varying COVID‐19 severities and to investigate the predictive value of cognitive and emotional variables for QoL, HRQoL, and functioning.

Methods

In total, 492 participants (398 post‐COVID and 124 healthy controls) underwent a neurobehavioral examination that included assessments of cognition, mood, QoL/HRQoL (WHOQOL‐BREF, EQ‐5D), and functioning (WHODAS‐II). Analysis of covariance and linear regression models were used to study intergroup differences and the relationship between cognitive and emotional variables and QoL and functioning.

Results

The Physical and Psychological dimensions of WHOQoL, EQ‐5D, and WHODAS Cognition, Mobility, Life Activities, and Participation dimensions were significantly lower in post‐COVID groups compared with a control group. Regression models explaining 23.9%–53.9% of variance were obtained for the WHOQoL‐BREF dimensions and EQ‐5D, with depressive symptoms, post‐COVID symptoms, employment status, income, and mental speed processing as main predictors. For the WHODAS, models explaining 17%–60.2% of the variance were obtained. Fatigue, depressive symptoms, mental speed processing, and post‐COVID symptoms were the main predictors.

Interpretation

QoL/HRQoL and functioning after COVID‐19 in individuals with persistent symptoms were lower than in non‐affected persons. Depressive symptoms, fatigue, and slower mental processing speed were predictors of lower QoL/HRQoL and functioning.