bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tasking the Leviathan: Right to Protest, Good Governance, and Implications for National Security and International Law
Authors: Lalude Olalekan Moyosore
Published: November 2021

The right to good governance is a right inalienable to the democratic process. Content analysis was used as the data source for this paper. This study would attempt to resolve the questions on the intricate connection between the right to protest and the right to good governance in Nigeria and what this means for national security and international law. In this essay, it was argued that the international law space is shrinking for holding the democratic process accountable in sovereign states. The significance of the essay is to suggest a new direction for the engagement of international law mechanisms on human rights and for the provision of policy recommendations for good governance and law enforcement.
Remote education of pedagogy students during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Kosiewicz-Budnicka Rita
Published: November 2021

The article presents the issues of online education of future teachers. The article consists of two parts - the first one provides theoretical and synthetic summary of the reports published so far on distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The second part presents the results of the author's own research, conducted with the help of the author's online survey, devoted to the issues of pedagogy students’ experiences related to remote education. The study has shown that remote learning requires changes in order to increase the efficiency and motivation of students who, without appropriate professional practice, will not be able to efficiently perform the tasks and functions entrusted to them in the future, once they take up employment in the profession.
Exploring Geostatistical Modeling and VisualizationTechniques of Uncertainties for Categorical Spatial Data
Authors: A. Felgueiras Carlos , O. Ortiz Jussara , C. G. Camargo Eduardo , M. Namikawa Laércio , S. Körting Thales
Published: November 2021

This article presents and analyzes the indicator geostatistical modeling and some visualization techniques of uncertainty models for categorical spatial attributes. A set of sample points of some categorical attribute is used as input information. The indicator approach requires a transformation of sample points on fields of indicator samples according to the classes of interest. Experimental and theoretical semivariograms of the indicator fields are defined representing the spatial variation of the indicator information. The indicator fields, along with their semivariograms, are used to determine the uncertainty model, the conditioned probability distribution function, of the attribute at any location inside the geographic region delimited by the samples. The probability functions are considered for producing prediction and probability maps based on the maximum class probability criterion. These maps can be visualized using different techniques. In this work, it is considered individual visualization of the predicted and probability maps and a combination of them. The predicted maps can also be visualized with or without constraints related to the uncertainty probabilities. The combined visualizations are based on three-dimensional (3D) planar projection and on the Red-Green-Blue to Intensity-Hue-Saturation (RGB-IHS) fusion transformation techniques. The methodology of this article is illustrated by a case study with real data, a sample set of soil textures observed in an experimental farm located in the region of São Carlos city in São Paulo State, Brazil. The resulting maps of this case study are presented and the advantages and the drawbacks of the visualization options are analyzed and discussed.
A utilização de glossários terminológicos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de estudantes surdos no Ensino Superior: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Farias Mariana Damião , Viana Flávia Roldan
Published: November 2021

Esta revisão de literatura teve como objetivo identificar evidências científicas sobre o uso de glossários terminológicos no ensino e aprendizagem de estudantes surdos no Ensino Superior. A revisão analisou 23 publicações acadêmicas selecionadas, sendo 16 dissertações e 07 teses, publicadas entre os anos de 2011 e 2020, das bases de dados BDTD, SciELO, CAPES, ERIC, REDALYC e Repositório Digital Gallaudet University, a partir das palavras-chave: glossários terminológicos, Libras, educação bilíngue e estudantes surdos, no ínterim de março a junho de 2020, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. As informações foram agrupadas nas categorias temáticas: 1. Processo de ensino e aprendizagem do estudante surdo; 2. Educação Bilíngue de Surdos no Ensino Superior; e 3. Glossários Terminológicos em Libras. Não há, ao menos no material coletado para este estudo, pesquisas empreendidas em dissertações e teses a respeito da utilização do glossário no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de estudantes surdos no Ensino Superior, o que comprova a originalidade, relevância e necessidade de realização de pesquisas nesta temática, tendo em vista que trará valiosas contribuições para um escopo do conhecimento científico parcamente explorado até este momento.
Diretrizes de implementação para Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade em instituições de ensino sob o enfoque da Educação Inclusiva
Authors: Souza Milene Karolyne de , Santos Luciano Pereira da Silva , Melo Renata Maciel de
Published: November 2021

Gestão da Qualidade em instituições de ensino, normas ISO (ISO 9001 e ISO 21001), ferramentas da qualidade e Educação Inclusiva (Lei Brasileira de Inclusão), são temas importantes e que nem sempre são pensados em conjunto. Com o objetivo de preparar as instituições de ensino para receber alunos de forma equitativa, e promover condições igualitárias de acesso e permanência na escola, são necessárias ferramentas que deem suporte ao desenvolvimento de novas abordagens gerenciais. Assim, é preciso desenvolver diretrizes para que a Educação Inclusiva nas instituições de ensino seja implementada de forma eficiente e eficaz, e para que essas instituições tenham a possibilidade de assegurar o seu funcionamento e garantir que os alunos (com deficiência ou não) estejam realmente recebendo uma educação de qualidade. Os objetivos deste trabalho envolvem: analisar os processos de implementação do Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade em organizações educacionais, e propor um modelo com diretrizes que auxilie a sua execução e manutenção, sob o enfoque da Educação Inclusiva. Para isso, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico para entender a situação da Educação Inclusiva no Brasil e levantar os principais problemas no seu processo de implementação. Como resultado, foi desenvolvido um modelo que contempla importantes elementos que precisam ser trabalhados em conjunto, entre leis e ferramentas da qualidade, e cinco diretrizes de implementação foram descritas. Constatou-se que apesar da existência de normas e leis que auxiliam nessa prática, é necessária uma abordagem diferente para auxiliar nos processos internos e sustentar a Educação Inclusiva nas instituições de ensino.
A “experiência” e o “esperançar” na Educação Matemática durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Santos Luciane Mulazani dos , Silveira Maria Caroline , Taschetto Maura Pauletto
Published: November 2021

Para preservação da vida, as medidas de contenção da pandemia de COVID-19 transformaram nossas relações com o outro e com o ambiente que nos cerca, o que afetou a área da Educação das mais diferentes formas. As experiências em instituições educacionais passaram do presencial ao virtual, o que modificou as relações entre professores e alunos e, destes, com o conteúdo curricular e com os espaços onde se ensina e se aprende. Por um lado, professores se dedicaram a adaptar suas práticas para atuaram nesses novos ambientes; por outro, alunos e famílias se reorganizaram para fazer das casas o novo local de aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, às tecnologias digitais foi dada uma função quase que indispensável, pois é por meio delas que a não presença física consegue deslizar para a presença virtual, necessária para acontecimento das aulas remotas. Aos excluídos do acesso à internet e a equipamentos, uma grande parte dos estudantes brasileiros, infelizmente restam as adaptações que se fazem viáveis, como por exemplo, a aprendizagem por meio de materiais impressos preparados pelos professores. Durante parte da pandemia, as aulas presenciais foram completamente suspensas em todas as instituições educacionais; na data em que este artigo foi publicado, grande parte das escolas brasileiras já tinham voltado às aulas presenciais e o novo desafio que se apresenta é a retomada para superar da crise. A Educação Matemática, interessada em questões de pesquisa e em processos de ensino e aprendizagem, se preocupa em debater a crise educacional ligada à COVID-19, para refletir e agir na realidade que se apresenta e futura.
"Falo para guardar 8 na cabeça e contar nos dedinhos o restante": estratégias de resolução de problemas adotadas pelas famílias durante a pandemia
Authors: Antunes Brenda Cristina , Ciríaco Klinger Teodoro , Santos Francieli Aparecida Prates dos
Published: November 2021

Pretendemos analisar, neste paper, saberes matemáticos mobilizados em estratégias de ensino adotadas por mães quando do auxílio nas tarefas escolares, especificamente de seus filhos, matriculados em turmas do ciclo da alfabetização (1º ao 3º ano) de uma escola pública localizada em São Carlos-SP. Fruto de uma pesquisa institucional, em termos de justificativa, destacamos a importância do conhecimento informal dos sujeitos letrados, muitas vezes baseado em ações que permeiam a vida cotidiana. Os dados foram coligidos a partir da abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas virtuais, devido ao distanciamento social. Os resultados demonstram que estas mulheres-mães, ao que tudo indica, para além do ato da coragem de assumirem mais um afazer, em meio a tantos que se responsabilizam em seus lares, conseguem driblar as dificuldades e recorrem a estratégias fundamentais para pensar matematicamente, mesmo não sendo convencionais. A exemplo da prática de contagem nos dedos (visualização), fazer cálculos "de cabeça" (cálculo mental) e exploração de jogos na internet (recurso à tecnologia), tendências que buscam desenvolver autonomia na aprendizagem. Em síntese, identificar, descrever e analisar qual é o contributo central deste auxílio em casa para a aprendizagem matemática das crianças representa, na leitura interpretativa que fazemos deste momento histórico vivenciado desde 2020, enxergar os espaços dos círculos das "culturas matemáticas" que permeiam os lares brasileiros.
Validações matemáticas na sala de aula: sensações, movimentos e desafios de uma pesquisa que acontece durante a pandemia do novo Coronavírus
Authors: Krakecker Liana , Freitas José Luiz Magalhães de
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos e discutimos alguns dos movimentos e dos desafios de nossa pesquisa de doutorado, em andamento, cujo objetivo consiste investigar processos de validação matemática produzidos por alunos de 9° do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública de Mato Grosso – MT, no decorrer de um ano letivo. Inicialmente, apresentamos alguns pressupostos que temos assumido, como por exemplo, a importância de se desenvolver um trabalho com validações matemáticas que seja contínuo e que permeie todos os conteúdos possíveis. Em seguida, discutimos uma atividade, dentre seis que aplicamos por meio do WhatsApp, durante o período de paralisação total de aulas em razão da pandemia causada pelo novo Coronavírus. Em seguida, relatamos algumas impressões sobre o período de aulas não presenciais, já que grande parte das atividades pensadas para nossa investigação estão integradas às apostilas disponibilizadas para os alunos, que estão sob regência da primeira autora deste ensaio. Um dos grandes desafios que temos enfrentado é a comunicação com os alunos, pois poucos têm participado das aulas online e das interações por WhatsApp. Essa questão se acentua quanto àqueles que permanecem somente com o ensino apostilado. Desta forma muitos são os questionamentos que temos: por que alunos que eventualmente teriam condições, não têm participado das aulas online? Por que muitos não contatam a professora? Como os estudantes se sentem em relação ao ensino online? Há incentivo? Há condições? Entre outros tantos, para as quais não temos respostas.
Prova escrita em aulas remotas: uma experiência no oitavo ano
Authors: Cardoso Milene Malaquias , Buriasco Regina Corio de
Published: November 2021

Este artigo apresenta o relato da aplicação de uma prova escrita de matemática para vinte alunos de uma turma de 8o ano do Ensino Fundamental, durante aulas remotas. As resoluções escritas dos alunos foram analisadas e os resultados mostram que, durante a aplicação dessa prova escrita, nas condições aqui relatadas, os alunos se pronunciaram mais, com questionamentos ao professor sobre as questões da prova. Partindo do interesse dos alunos, esse foi o momento em que mais se falou a respeito do conteúdo. Essa experiência mostrou que a avaliação pode ser mais uma oportunidade de aprendizagem.
Importancia de los referenciadores bibliográficos en la gestión de la información científica en tesistas universitarios
Authors: Pinedo-Tuanama Lloy , Valles-Coral Miguel
Published: November 2021

Gestionar la información científica en el proceso investigativo es un gran desafío para los tesistas universitarios debido a la dificultad de sistematizar y estructurar el exceso de información disponible en diferentes fuentes digitales o físicas. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la importancia de los referenciadores bibliográficos como herramienta tecnológica para la gestión de la información científica en tesistas universitarios. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sistemática realizando búsquedas en bases de datos electrónicas de artículos científicos publicados en revistas indexadas a Latindex Catálogo, Scielo y Scopus entre los años 2016 y 2020. Los resultados de la revisión describen las características, funcionalidades, aspectos y estudios principales sobre los beneficios que brindan los referenciadores bibliográficos para gestionar la información científica. Concluimos que funciones como la organización de la información, citación y referenciación bibliográfica y colaboración entre investigadores proporcionados por los referenciadores bibliográficos, constituyen recursos importantes para los tesistas universitarios.

Managing scientific information in the research process is a great challenge for university thesis students due to the difficulty of systematizing and structuring the excess of information available in different digital or physical sources. The objective of the study was to analyze the importance of reference manager as a technological tool for the management of scientific information in university theses students. We carried out a systematic bibliographic review by searching electronic databases of scientific articles published in journals indexed to Latindex Catalog, Scielo and Scopus between the years 2016 and 2020. The results of the review describe the characteristics, functionalities, aspects and studies main ones on the benefits that reference manager provide to manage scientific information. We conclude that functions such as the organization of information, bibliographic citation and referencing, and collaboration between researchers provided by reference manager, constitute important resources for university thesis students.
Attirer et retenir des enseignants en zones rurales au Burkina Faso : une analyse des trajectoires
Authors: Sirois Geneviève
Published: November 2021

Cet article s’intéresse aux effets d’une politique de régionalisation du recrutement et des affectations pour l’attraction et la rétention des enseignants en zones rurales au Burkina Faso. Nous proposons une analyse des trajectoires professionnelles pendant les huit premières années d’exercice d’une cohorte de 100 enseignants recrutés dans une région majoritairement rurale. Nos résultats montrent que la politique de la régionalisation est efficace, à court terme, pour attirer les enseignants dans les zones rurales, mais que leur rétention dans les zones rurales les plus difficiles reste un défi à plus long terme.
Clinical and radiological outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in simultaneous anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Kim Hyungyeol , Jin Sung-Chul , Lee Hyungon
Published: November 2021

Objective: Simultaneous anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion is rare. We investigated the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with simultaneous ACA and MCA occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy.Methods: We analyzed the clinical and radiological outcomes of 12 patients with simultaneous ACA and MCA occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy from January 2018 to December 2020. The clinical outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Score (mRS) after 3 months of thrombectomy. The radiological outcome was assessed using the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score.Results: The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at hospital arrival was 18 (interquartile range, 16–20). M1 was the most common occlusion lesion (n=8), and A3 was the most common lesion in the ACA (n=6). Six patients were first treated for MCA occlusion and later for ACA occlusion (MCA group). Other patients were first treated for ACA occlusion and later for MCA occlusion (ACA group). There was no difference in clinical outcomes between the MCA and ACA groups (p=0.180). Successful recanalization (TICI ≥2b) of MCA was achieved in 10 patients (83.3%). Successful recanalization of ACA was achieved in 10 patients (83.3%). Successful recanalization of both ACA and MCA occlusion was observed in eight patients (66.7%). Three patients (25%) had good clinical outcomes (mRS ≤2).Conclusions: In our series, simultaneous ACA and MCA occlusion showed relatively poor successful recanalization rates and poor clinical outcomes despite treatment with mechanical thrombectomy.
Proximity labeling identifies LOTUS domain proteins that promote the formation of perinuclear germ granules in C. elegans
Authors: Price Ian F , Hertz Hannah L , Pastore Benjamin , Wagner Jillian , Tang Wen
Published: November 2021

The germ line produces gametes that transmit genetic and epigenetic information to the next generation. Maintenance of germ cells and development of gametes require germ granules—well-conserved membraneless and RNA-rich organelles. The composition of germ granules is elusive owing to their dynamic nature and their exclusive expression in the germ line. Using Caenorhabditis elegans germ granule, called P granule, as a model system, we employed a proximity-based labeling method in combination with mass spectrometry to comprehensively define its protein components. This set of experiments identified over 200 proteins, many of which contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). An RNA interference-based screen identified factors that are essential for P granule assembly, notably EGGD-1 and EGGD-2, two putative LOTUS-domain proteins. Loss of eggd-1 and eggd-2 results in separation of P granules from the nuclear envelope, germline atrophy, and reduced fertility. We show that IDRs of EGGD-1 are required to anchor EGGD-1 to the nuclear periphery while its LOTUS domains are required to promote the perinuclear localization of P granules. Taken together, our work expands the repertoire of P granule constituents and provides new insights into the role of LOTUS-domain proteins in germ granule organization.
Effect on speech emotion classification of a feature selection approach using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Amjad Ammar , Khan Lal , Chang Hsien-Tsung
Published: November 2021

Speech emotion recognition (SER) is a challenging issue because it is not clear which features are effective for classification. Emotionally related features are always extracted from speech signals for emotional classification. Handcrafted features are mainly used for emotional identification from audio signals. However, these features are not sufficient to correctly identify the emotional state of the speaker. The advantages of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) are investigated in the proposed work. A pretrained framework is used to extract the features from speech emotion databases. In this work, we adopt the feature selection (FS) approach to find the discriminative and most important features for SER. Many algorithms are used for the emotion classification problem. We use the random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron classifier (MLP), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) to classify seven emotions. All experiments are performed by utilizing four different publicly accessible databases. Our method obtains accuracies of 92.02%, 88.77%, 93.61%, and 77.23% for Emo-DB, SAVEE, RAVDESS, and IEMOCAP, respectively, for speaker-dependent (SD) recognition with the feature selection method. Furthermore, compared to current handcrafted feature-based SER methods, the proposed method shows the best results for speaker-independent SER. For EMO-DB, all classifiers attain an accuracy of more than 80% with or without the feature selection technique.
Genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Noordin Noorliza , Tan Joon Liang , Chong Chee Kheong , Chem Yu Kie , Tajudin Norazimah , Abu Bakar Rehan Shuhada , Sengol Selvanesan , Phoon Hannah Yik Phing , Che Azid Nurul Aina Murni , W Mohd Arifin W Nur Afiza , Aziz Zirwatul Adilah , Hussin Hani , Ibrahim Nurul Syahida , Omar Aziyati , Ravi Ushananthiny , Kamarul Zaman Kamal Hisham , Yamin Mohd Asri , Ngeow Yun Fong
Published: November 2021

Background

More than a year after its first appearance in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic is still on a rampage in many parts of the world. Although several vaccines have been approved for emergency use, the emergence and rapid spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants have sparked fears of vaccine failure due to immune evasion. Massive viral genome sequencing has been recommended to track the genetic changes that could lead to adverse consequences.

Methods

We sequenced SARS-CoV-2 respiratory isolates from the National Public Health Laboratory, Malaysia and examined them together with viral genomes deposited in GISAID by other Malaysian researchers, to understand the evolutionary trend of the virus circulating in the country. We studied the distribution of virus lineages and site-wise mutations, analysed genetic clustering with the goeBURST full Minimum Spanning Tree algorithm, examined the trend of viral nucleotide diversity over time and performed nucleotide substitution association analyses.

Results

We identified 22 sub-lineages, 13 clonal complexes, 178 sequence types and seven sites of linkage disequilibrium in 277 SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced between January and December 2020. B.1.524 was the largest lineage group. The number of mutations per genome ranged from 0 to 19. The mean genomic diversity value over 12 months was 3.26 × 10−4. Of 359 mutations detected, 60.5% of which were non-synonymous, the most frequent were in the ORF1ab (P4715L), S (D614G and A701V) and N (S194L) genes.

Conclusion

The SARS-CoV-2 virus accumulated an abundance of mutations in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Its overall genetic diversity, however, is relatively low compared to other Asian countries with larger populations. Continuous genomic and epidemiological surveillance will help to clarify the evolutionary processes determining viral diversity and impacting on human health.
Advancement in Knowledge and Adoption of Grape Growing Farmers in Theni District of Tamilnadu
Authors: Adityan S. , Dhamodharan T. , Rajasekaran R. , Selvi R. Pangayar
Published: November 2021

Grape (Vitis grape L.) could be a temperate fruit crop and conjointly cultivated beneath tropical and climatic zone regions within the world. This study on improved grape knowledge and adoption of recommended grape practices among farmers was conducted in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu by employing a combination of purposive and proportionate random sampling methods with 120 grape growers. The data were collected with the help of a well-structured and pretested interview schedule during July to August 2020-21. The district contributes significantly to the state's area of production in grapes. The area of cultivation of grapes to the state is substantial (79.80%). In the study it was concluded that cent percent of the grape growers had correct knowledge about soil type, planting, gap-filling, recut, supporting, weeding, irrigation type, training, pruning time, bud dormancy breaking chemical, micronutrient mixtures, fertigation, shoot thinning, subcane development, training the shoots, tipping, cluster and berry thinning, mealybug control, and downy mildew control. About 60.83 per cent of the grape growers belonged to medium level of knowledge about recommended practices of grape cultivation. The results showed overall adoption of the grape growers wasmedium level of adoption (71.67%). This study explores the keen view of the advancement in knowledge and adoption followed by grape cultivators in Theni District.
Review of Artificial Neural Network and Its Application Research in Distillation
Authors: Sun Jing , Tang Qi
Published: November 2021

With the development of rectification technology, the scale of its production equipment has continued to expand, and its calculation requirements have become more complex. The use of traditional optimized control methods can no longer meet the requirements. Artificial neural networks imitate the human brain for self-learning and optimization, intelligently process various complex information, and have been widely used in various chemical processes. Because the artificial neural network has the advantages of self-learning, associative storage, and high-speed search for optimized solutions, it can perform high-precision simulation and prediction of rectification operations, and has been widely used in the optimal control of rectification towers. This article gives a basic overview of artificial neural networks, and introduces the application research of artificial neural networks in distillation at home and abroad.
Osteosarcoma of the Right Proximal Tibia: A Case Report
Authors: Patiye Shalini , Raut Arati
Published: November 2021

Osteosarcoma occurs mostly in adolescence, this being the primary bone tumor (malignant) formed by the production of immature bone. Immature bone cell's production occurs from the premature bone cells. The commonly used treatments form is lesions removal. Chemotherapy is also used to treat metastasis of the osteoid cells (cancerous). Sometimes the micro metastasis can't be diagnosed in time to can be cured with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pulmonary metastatic disease is the most common complication of the osteosarcoma (musculoskeletal cancer). I have presented a case of osteosarcoma of right proximal tibia in an18year old boy who come to the hospital for swelling and pain which were increasing during walking. Before that he hadn't any complaints in his knees. Magnetic resonance imaging was done by which the diagnosis was confirmed. After that, tumor resection was performed and post-operative chemotherapy was administered. The case report states that the adolescents age group should be properly monitored because they have the highest risk of suspicion by premature bone growth of osteoid.
Compatibility between Chemical Insecticides and Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum
Authors: Xavier-Santos Solange , Magalhães Bonifácio Peixoto , Guimarães Gesiane Ribeiro , Santos Wanderson Silva Dos , Carvalho Daniel Diego Costa
Published: November 2021

The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum has been studied in different countries as mycoinsecticide against grasshoppers. One of the utilization strategies considered is the association between entomopathogenic fungi and sublethal dosages of chemical insecticides compatible with the biological control agent. The effect of different chemical insecticides at concentrations varying from 5 to 5000 ppm on the conidial germination and growth of the fungus M. anisopliae var. acridum (CG 423) was assessed for compatibility evalution. The best results with inhibitory concentration (IC50) on germination (liquid medium) and radial colonial growth (solid medium) of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum at 28°C was obtained with Teflubenzuron.
Genetic analysis of single disseminated tumor cells in the lymph nodes and bone marrow of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sproll Karl Christoph , Schorn Lara K. , Reising Benedikt , Schumacher Sarah , Lommen Julian , Kübler Norbert R. , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Beier Manfred , Neves Rui P. , Behrens Bianca , Horny Kai , Stoecklein Nikolas H.
Published: October 2021

Considering the limited information on the biology and molecular characteristics of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we examined the genomic alterations in DTCs from HNSCCs and their potential clinical relevance. To analyze both the lymphatic and hematogenous routes of tumor cell dissemination, we investigated samples from lymph nodes (LNs) and bone marrow (BM) of 49 patients using immunofluorescence double staining for epithelial cells expressing cytokeratin 18 (KRT18) and/or epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM, CD326). The identified marker‐positive cells were isolated by micromanipulation followed by single‐cell whole‐genome amplification and metaphase‐based comparative genomic hybridization (mCGH) to determine genome‐wide copy number alterations. The findings were correlated with clinical parameters and follow‐up data. We detected chromosomal aberrations in KRT18‐ and EpCAM‐positive cells from both compartments; BM‐derived cells showed a significantly higher percentage of aberrant genome (PAG) per cell than cells detected in LNs. No significant association was found between DTC data and clinical follow‐up. Genomic profiling of BM‐DTCs revealed genomic alterations typical for HNSCC, suggesting hematogenous dissemination of subclones around the time of surgery. In contrast, DTC data in LNs revealed that several marker‐positive cells were not of malignant origin, indicating the presence of epithelial glandular inclusions in parts of the processed neck LN samples. Therefore, DTC detection of LNs in the neck based only on epithelial markers is not advisable and requires detection of chromosomal instability (CIN), gene mutations, or additional markers, which have yet to be identified. Nevertheless, our investigation paves the way for larger studies to focus on HNSCC BM‐DTCs with high‐resolution methods to gain deeper insights into the biology of hematogenous metastasis in this cancer.
Critical thinking and embodied learning for a Puerto Rican student movement pedagogy
Authors: Gerónimo‐López Kamil , Tormos‐Aponte Fernando
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes the experience of higher education student organizing in Puerto Rico. The national student strikes of 2010 and 2017 were the longest held in the history of the University of Puerto Rico, the island's only public institution for higher education. We examine the educational approach of the national student social movement using the concepts of critical thinking and embodied learning.
Popular high schools in worker recuperated companies
Authors: Alfieri Ezequiel , Lázaro Fernando , Santana Fernando
Published: November 2021

This article describes and theorizes the development and pedagogical practices of alternative high school programs for adult workers in cooperatively run factories in Argentina.
The education of youth and adults in Colombia from a popular feminist and gender perspective
Authors: Torres Rincón Sonia Mireya
Published: November 2021

The article begins with the broad context of youth and adult education (YAE) in Colombia, and then discusses the place that educational demands occupy in the political plans of popular feminisms. The article ends with an analysis of the experiences of two community projects, which address YAE for women from the perspective of gender, feminisms, and popular education.
Systematization of experiences as new paths for university extension1
Authors: Jara Holliday Oscar
Published: November 2021

This article explains and provides the theoretical foundations for and examples of systematization of experiences as a way to plan and evaluate socially engaged university extension programs.
Combustion‐Assisted Photonic Sintering of Printed Liquid Metal Nanoparticle Films
Authors: Wallace Shay Goff , Bradshaw Nathan P. , Williams Nicholas X. , Qian Justin H. , Putz Karl W. , Tabor Christopher E. , Hersam Mark C.
Published: November 2021

Liquid metals are ideally suited for flexible and wearable electronics due to their compatibility with additive manufacturing and high electrical conductivity that is maintained following mechanical perturbation. While printing of eutectic gallium–indium (eGaIn) liquid metal nanoparticles has been demonstrated, previous techniques for activating electrical conductivity in the as‐printed insulating eGaIn nanoparticles limit throughput in roll‐to‐roll manufacturing processes. Here, ultrafast photonic sintering of eGaIn nanoparticles is demonstrated, which is further enhanced through the use of nitrocellulose as a carrier polymer that undergoes optically triggered combustion to produce eGaIn thin films with electrical conductivities exceeding 104 S cm–1. This combustion‐assisted photonic sintering (CAPS) is two orders of magnitude faster than previously demonstrated noncontact sintering techniques. By circumventing the established tradeoff between electrical conductivity and activation speed, CAPS will facilitate the use of eGaIn liquid metal nanoparticles in high‐throughput additive manufacturing of flexible and wearable electronics, sensors, and related technologies.
Preparation and properties of a kind of high conductivity flexible wood with light switch characteristics
Authors: Duan Jiufang , Yang Na , Li Tong , Saiyu Yang , Zong Shiyu , Wen Hankang , Tang Ruilin , Liu Liujun
Published: November 2021

The manufacture and functionalization of transparent wood (TW) have recently attracted extensive interest. However, it is still a challenge to prepare flexible TW with high conductivity and optical switch. In this study, octadecyl methacrylic acid (ODMA) is used as optical switch. Sodium chloride and silver nanowires (AgNWs) were used to improve the conductivity. N, N‐bis (acrylamide) cysteamine (BACA) was used as a binder between AgNWs and wood. Acrylamide is used to impregnate delignified wood substrates and can polymerize with BACA. Then, poly (acrylamide co octadecyl methacrylate) (PAMODMA) wood with tunable transmittance, flexibility and high conductivity(resistance 1.2 Ω, conductivity 6364.8 s/m)was prepared after curing. The transmittance and phase transition temperature of PAMODMA wood can be adjusted by ODMA. After 350 cycles of bending, the resistance of wood has no significant change. PAMODMA wood has a broad application prospect in intelligent window, sensor, intelligent robot and other fields.
Squeeze flow in multilayer polymeric films: Effect of material characteristics and process conditions
Authors: Kanani Aghkand Zahra , Ajji Abdellah
Published: November 2021

In this work, effects of sealing temperature, time, pressure, as well as sealant thickness and viscosity on squeeze out flow (SOF) in heat sealing were examined. A new image analysis approach is presented to quantify SOF in heat sealing. It was found that increasing temperature or pressure could improve SOF but only in thick 130 μm sealants and reducing the sealant thickness to 50 μm suppressed SOF. Reducing viscosity in 50 μm sealant films was also found to improve SOF only at high‐sealing pressure and long sealing times. Three approaches were used to model SOF: analytical one‐dimensional model, numerical one‐dimensional model using finite difference method (FDM), (iii) Numerical two‐dimensional model using finite element analysis. Heat transfer was modeled, and it was shown that heat transfer induces a delay in SOF. When the FDM and the heat transfer models were combined, a good agreement between experimental and model prediction could be obtained. In addition, modeling results showed that SOF occurred in shear rates within the transition region between the Newtonian and Power‐law regions. This indicates the importance of considering the Carreau‐Yasuda fluid behavior in modeling of SOF.
A small radio galaxy at z = 4.026
Authors: Gabányi Krisztina É. , Frey Sándor , An Tao , Cao Hongmin , Paragi Zsolt , Gurvits Leonid I. , Zhang Yingkang , Sbarrato Tullia , Krezinger Máté , Perger Krisztina , Mezö György
Published: November 2021

Less than 200 radio‐loud active galactic nuclei are known above redshift 4. Around 40 of them have been observed at milliarcsecond (mas) scale resolution with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) technique. Some of them are unresolved, compact, relativistically beamed objects, and blazars with jets pointing at small angles to the observer's line of sight. But there are also objects with no sign of relativistic beaming possibly having larger jet inclination angles. In a couple of cases, X‐ray observations indicate the presence of relativistic beaming contrary to the VLBI measurements made with the European VLBI Network. J1420+1205 is a prominent example, where our 30–100 mas‐scale enhanced multi element remotely linked interferometer network radio observations revealed a rich structure reminiscent of a small radio galaxy. It shows a bright hotspot that might be related to the denser interstellar medium around a young galaxy at an early cosmological epoch.
Improving Urban Water Resilience
Authors: Ferguson Christobel M. , Charles Katrina J.
Published: November 2021

Key Takeaways

Urban water systems and public well‐being are threatened by factors that include aging infrastructure, population growth and density, and conditions related to climate change.

Floods and droughts have been particularly hard on urban areas, with short‐ and long‐term effects running the gamut of environmental, human (physical and emotional), and economic devastation.

Cities and organizations around the world are devising innovative ways to achieve water resilience; more can be done through targeted research to raise awareness and understanding.
Temperature Dynamics in Rat Brains Exposed to Near‐Field Waveguide Outputs at 2.8 GHz
Authors: Payne Jason A. , Barnes Ronald A. , Downey Alexander X. , Freeman David A. , Johnson Leland R. , Rodriguez Roberto A. , Sloan Mark A. , Valdez Christopher M. , Voorhees William B. , Whitmore Jeffrey N.
Published: October 2021

Biological effects in the microwave band of the radiofrequency (RF) spectrum are thermally mediated. For acute high‐power microwave exposures, these effects will depend on transient time‐temperature histories within the tissue. In this article, we summarize the transient temperature response of rats exposed to RF energy emanating from an open‐ended rectangular waveguide. These exposures produced specific absorption rates of approximately 36 and 203 W/kg in the whole body and brain, respectively. We then use the experimentally measured thermal data to infer the baseline perfusion rate in the brain and modify a custom thermal modeling tool based upon these findings. Finally, we compare multi‐physics simulations of rat brain temperature against empirical measurements in both live and euthanized subjects and find close agreement between model and experimentation. This research revealed that baseline brain perfusion rates in rat subjects could be larger than previously assumed in the RF thermal modeling literature, and plays a significant role in the transient thermal response to high‐power microwave exposures. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Responses of 73 Ecologists Important in Developing the Foundations of Ecology: Summary of a 1952–59 and 1972 Survey
Authors: Forman Richard T. T.
Published: November 2021

Many of the early leading ecologists, especially Americans, were surveyed (primarily between 1952 and 1959) to learn what (1) initially inspired an ecological interest, (2) stimulated a major career direction in ecology, and (3) was one’s major career accomplishment. Patterns of responses from 73 ecologists, primarily in their own words using their own typewriters, are summarized. Yale, Duke, Illinois, Michigan, Oxford, and Wisconsin are the most frequent primary institutions of respondents, who were initially not only concentrated in the U.S. Midwest, but also working in the Northeast, South, West, and abroad. The initial ecological stimulus of survey respondents was most reported as plants, between ages 9 and 11, and a parent. Victor Shelford, Henry Cowles, Edgar Transeau, and Stanley Cain were most mentioned as catalysts of a career direction. Also, the opportunity to teach or work in a new place, or reading a key publication(s), often inspired a career direction. The many early ecologists most frequently knew or interacted with H. Cowles, M. Buell, F. Clements, V. Shelford, S. Cain, and H. Oosting. The most frequent major accomplishments or contributions reported by a leading ecologist were analysis of the ecology, vegetation, or flora of a particular area; elucidated ecosystem, productivity, and nutrients; produced a book(s); furthered understanding of natural communities or vegetation; analyzed succession or vegetation dynamics; and established or ran an administrative unit or natural reserve. These survey response patterns are complemented by a wide range of specific responses by individuals. Selected unusual observations and experiences provide insight into the leading ecologists as people. A perspective provides key insights into the survey, the earliest phase of ecology and its later maturation, and environmental/social conditions affecting early ecologists and ecology.
Ultrasensitive detection of UO22+ based on dopamine‐functionalized MoOx quantum dots
Authors: Zheng Zhi Jian , Zhang Li , Wang Li Zhi , Zhong Zu Qi , Xiong Yu Tian , Guo Jing , Zhang Zhi Bin , Cao Xiao Hong , Xiao Sai Jin
Published: November 2021

Uranium is an important nuclear fuel and the risk of human exposure to uranium increases as increasing amounts of uranium‐containing waste enter the environment due to the rapid growth of nuclear power. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and portable uranium detection is a promising approach to effectively control and monitor uranium contamination. To achieve this goal, abundant oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing groups were introduced to molybdenum oxide quantum dot (MoOx QDs) surfaces with dopamine (DA) modification. Due to the excellent coordination ability of oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing groups with uranium, the obtained DA‐functionalized MoOx QDs (DA‐MoOx QDs) showed a strong binding affinity for uranium and sensitivity was increased nearly 1000‐fold compared with MoOx QDs alone. The limit of detection was 3.85 nM, which is higher than most of the reported nanomaterials. Moreover, the DA‐MoOx QD‐based method showed high selectivity and uranium could be clearly detected under masking with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid even when the concentration of other metal ions was 100‐fold higher than that of uranium, showing a very promising method for uranium contamination control and monitoring.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐8 induces sorafenib resistance via binding with c‐Rel to mediate NF‐κB signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Hong‐fu , Xie Yuan‐kang , Zhong Bai‐yin , Zhang Jian‐hong , Song Cai‐xin , Liu Yu‐wen , Yang Yan , Xie Bin‐hui
Published: October 2021

Sorafenib is the important first‐standard drug for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A major obstacle to successful treatment is sorafenib resistance. However, the mechanism of sorafenib resistance is unclear. The present study aimed to determine the involvement of dipeptidyl peptidase‐8 (DPP8) in sorafenib resistance. DPP8 expression was detected using quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis. The effect of DPP8 on sorafenib resistance was examined using terminal deoxynulceotidyl transferase nick‐end‐labeling (TUNEL), colony formation, flow cytometry, luciferase reporter, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. We found that DPP8 mRNA and protein levels were dramatically upregulated in HCC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) illustrated that DPP8 might be involved in apoptosis regulation. Downregulation of DPP8 substantially promoted the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib. Further analysis showed that DPP8 might regulate nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling, which was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. Downregulation of DPP8 decreased the expression levels of downstream genes of the NF‐κB pathway. IP showed that DPP8 can interact with NF‐κB subunit c‐Rel, an important protein of NF‐κB signaling. Finally, a drug combination of sorafenib and Val‐boroPro induced higher mortality of HCC cells than sorafenib alone in DPP8‐upregulated cells. Our findings indicated that using the inhibitor Val‐boroPro might be a promising method to enhance sorafenib sensitivity in advanced HCC.
Loss of Hsp67Bc leads to autolysosome enlargement in the Drosophila brain
Authors: Malkeyeva Dina , Kiseleva Elena , Fedorova Svetlana A.
Published: October 2021

Hsp67Bc is a small heat shock protein found in Drosophila melanogaster. Apart from performing a function (common for all small heat shock proteins) of preventing aggregation of misfolded proteins, it is involved in macroautophagy regulation alongside the Starvin protein. Overexpression of the D. melanogaster Hsp67Bc gene has been shown to stimulate macroautophagy in S2 cell culture. Nonetheless, it has been unknown how the absence of the Hsp67Bc gene may affect it. Here, we studied the effect of Hsp67Bc gene deletion on the macroautophagy induced by the pathogenic Wolbachia wMelPop strain in D. melanogaster. We detected Wolbachia inside autophagic vacuoles in fly neurons, thereby proving that these endosymbionts were being eliminated via macroautophagy. Nevertheless, we did not register any difference in brain bacterial load between Hsp67Bc‐null and control flies at all tested stages of ontogenesis. Moreover, the abundance of autophagic vacuoles was similar between neurons of the mutant and control flies, yet the cross‐sectional area of autolysosomes on ultrathin sections was more than 1.5‐fold larger in Hsp67Bc‐null fly brains than in the control line. Our findings suggest that the product of the Hsp67Bc gene does not participate in the initiation of endosymbiont‐induced macroautophagy but may mediate autophagosome maturation: the deletion of the Hsp67Bc gene leads to the increase in autolysosome size.
Development of Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Ambient Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Zhao Yanchao , Yan Liting , Zhao Xuebo
Published: November 2021

Ammonia is an important chemical and a potential carbon‐free hydrogen‐storage material. Currently, the industrial synthesis of ammonia is mainly achieved via the Haber‐Bosch method, which requires high energy, temperatures, and pressures. An alternative method involves the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), which uses an aqueous solution as a medium and requires mild reaction conditions. The key to the NRR is to select an appropriate catalyst to increase the ammonia yield and Faradic efficiency. With their diverse structures and easy regulation, carbon‐based materials can provide abundant active sites for nitrogen absorption and excitation. Moreover, they are abundant, low cost, and readily available, making them promising for use in NRR applications. Accordingly, we review the latest progress in using carbon‐based materials in the NRR, and the future development prospects of NRR catalysts are discussed. Finally, challenges and perspectives of the future research of NRR catalysts are provided.