bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dust-selected Molecular Clouds in the Northeast Region of the Small Magellanic Cloud*
Authors: Takekoshi Tatsuya , Minamidani Tetsuhiro , Komugi Shinya , Kohno Kotaro , Tosaki Tomoka , Sorai Kazuo , Muller Erik , Mizuno Norikazu , Kawamura Akiko , Onishi Toshikazu , Fukui Yasuo , Bot Caroline , Rubio Monica , Ezawa Hajime , Oshima Tai , Austermann Jason E. , Matsuo Hiroshi , Aretxaga Itziar , Hughes David H. , Kawabe Ryohei , Wilson Grant W. , Yun Min S.
Published: November 2018

We present a high-sensitivity (1σ < 1.6 mJy beam−1) continuum observation in a 343 arcmin2 area of the northeast region of the Small Magellanic Cloud at a wavelength of 1.1 mm, conducted using the AzTEC instrument on the ASTE telescope. In the observed region, we identified 20 objects by contouring 10σ emission. Through spectral energy distribution analysis using 1.1 mm, Herschel, and Spitzer data, we estimated gas masses of 5 × 103–7 × 104
M
⊙, assuming a gas-to-dust ratio of 1000. The dust temperature and index of emissivity were also estimated as 18–33 K and 0.9–1.9, respectively, which are consistent with previous low-resolution studies. The dust temperature and the index of emissivity shows a weak negative linear correlation. We also investigated five CO-detected, dust-selected clouds in detail. The total gas masses were comparable to those estimated from the Mopra CO data, indicating that the assumed gas-to-dust ratio of 1000 and the X
CO factor of 1 × 1021 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1, with uncertainties of a factor of 2, are reliable for the estimation of the gas masses of molecular or dust-selected clouds. The dust column density showed good spatial correlation with CO emission, except for an object associated with bright young stellar objects. The 8 μm filamentary and clumpy structures also showed a spatial distribution similar to that of the CO emission and dust column density, supporting the fact that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions arise from the surfaces of dense gas and dust clouds.
Relativistic Hydrodynamics with Wavelets
Authors: DeBuhr Jackson , Zhang Bo , Anderson Matthew , Neilsen David , Hirschmann Eric W. , Grenga Temistocle , Paolucci Samuel
Published: November 2018

Methods to solve the relativistic hydrodynamic equations are important in a large number of astrophysical simulations, which may be very dynamic and involve multiscale features. This requires computational methods that are highly adaptive and capable of automatically resolving numerous localized features and instabilities that emerge across the computational domain and over many temporal scales. While this has been historically accomplished with adaptive-mesh-refinement-based methods, alternatives using wavelet bases and the wavelet transformation have recently achieved significant success in adaptive representation for advanced engineering applications. The current work presents a new method, extending the wavelet adaptive multiresolution representation method, for the integration of the relativistic hydrodynamic equations using iterated interpolating wavelets and introduces a highly adaptive implementation for multidimensional simulation. The wavelet coefficients provide a direct measure of the local approximation error for the solution and place collocation points that naturally adapt to the fluid flow while providing good conservation of fluid quantities. The resulting implementation, oahu, is applied to a series of demanding 1D and 2D problems that explore high Lorentz factor outflows and the formation of several instabilities, including the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and the Rayleigh–Taylor instability.
A new species of Cintractiella (Ustilaginales) from the volcanic island of Kosrae, Caroline Islands, Micronesia
Authors: Aime M. Catherine , Kijpornyongpan Teeratas , Abbasi Mehrdad , Wood Kenneth R. , Flynn Tim
Published: November 2018

Cintractiella is an unusual genus of smut fungi containing two described species that produce sori as adventitious gall-like spikelets on members of tribe Hypolytreae (subfam. Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae). In September 200, during a botanical expedition on the volcanic island of Kosrae located in the eastern Caroline Islands and within the Federated States of Micronesia, a specimen of Mapaniapacifica was collected displaying Cintractiella-like sori in adventitious spikelets on the host leaves. Sori were hypophyllous, occurring in groups of spikelets composed of olivaceous-brown scale-like leaves, 1–1.5 mm wide and up to 6 mm long. Microscopic comparison with the protologue and drawings of the type material of C.lamii show several differences in teliospore and sori characters between it and the newly collected material on Mapania. To our knowledge, this represents only the second known collection of any member of Cintractiella on vegetative organs of Hypolytreae and a third species for this genus and the only known smut species infecting Mapania, herein described as Cintractiellakosraensissp. nov.
Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon
Authors: Mogue Kamga Suzanne , Niangadouma Raoul , Stauffer Fred W. , Sonké Bonaventure , Couvreur Thomas L.P.
Published: November 2018

Raphia (Arecaceae, Calamoideae) is the most diverse genus of African palms with around 20 species. Two new species from Cameroon and Gabon, Raphiagabonica Mogue, Sonké & Couvreur, sp. nov. and Raphiazamiana Mogue, Sonké & Couvreur, sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Their affinities are discussed and the conservation status of each species is assessed. For both species, distribution maps are provided. Raphiagabonica is restricted to two small populations from central Gabon, where it occurs on hillsides on tierra firme soil, and close to small streams. Its preliminary IUCN status is Endangered, being amongst the five most threatened palm species in Africa. Raphiagabonica potentially belongs to the moniliform section. Raphiazamiana is largely distributed from south Cameroon to south Gabon and is very common. It is also a multi-used palm, from which wine, grubs and construction material are extracted and sold. It generally occurs in large stands in a wide range of ecosystems such as swamps, coastal forests on partially inundated sandy soils and inundated savannahs. Its large stature, hard to access habitat (swamps) and abundant presence might have discouraged botanists to collect it until now. Raphiazamiana belongs to the taxonomically complex raphiate section.
Le moment machiavélien de Pierre Bayle
Authors: Paganini Gianni
Published: November 2018

À travers l’analyse des articles « florentins » du Dictionnaire historique et critique (Machiavel, Guichardin, Savonarole) l’auteur essaie de voir comment Bayle a lu Le Prince et les Discours de Machiavel sur des sujets cruciaux pour sa pensée : le rapport religion-politique, mais aussi la réflexion sur la république et la démocratie, la relation entre morale et société, la figure du prophète « armé » ou « désarmé ». Avec son anti-conformisme intellectuel coutumier, Bayle se distingue tant de l’appréciation libertine (Naudé est l’une de ses sources) que de la condamnation huguenote, représentée par Innocent Gentillet. Derrière la figure historique de Savonarole se profile l’ombre inquiétante d’un prophète contemporain de Bayle, Pierre Jurieu.
Pierre Bayle : le pyrrhonisme et la foi
Authors: McKenna Antony
Published: November 2018

Il s’agit de montrer comment le rapport de Bayle à un scepticisme pyrrhonien ou académique, loin d’être d’adhésion comme le tient l’interprétation courante, évolue et se transforme. Il va en effet de la nécessaire concordance entre foi et raison sur le plan de la morale à l’impossibilité de tout accord entre elles, y compris sur le même plan. C’est que le contexte dans lequel s’inscrit ce rapport pèse dans la manière de le vivre, en particulier quand Bayle doit organiser sa défense contre les attaques d’un Jurieu.
Crise humanitaire ou crise de l’humanitaire ? Émergence et recomposition de l’espace professionnel de l’aide internationale en Haïti
Authors: Verlin Jan
Published: November 2018

Résumé À partir d’une étude prenant pour objet les multiples interactions qui ont existé entre les acteurs du secteur de l’aide internationale en Haïti entre 2010 et 2016, j’analyse l’émergence et la mise en cause de frontières entre les professionnels de l’international dans un environnement marqué par la multiplication et l’enchevêtrement des domaines de spécialisation de ces acteurs. Pour ce faire, mon analyse est centrée sur un objet « méso », la configuration d’un espace humanitaire en Haïti, sur la base d’une observation participante des espaces de rencontres et de travail du personnel humanitaire. Je décris tout d’abord les trajectoires des acteurs, afin d’expliquer l'évidence avec laquelle l'humanitaire s’est imposé en Haïti. Je reviens ensuite sur la façon dont les frontières de l’espace humanitaire sont devenues instables à la suite de la crise de légitimité de l’aide internationale en Haïti.
Le grand Pan est mort !
Authors: Eslin Jean-Claude
Published: November 2018

Comme les païens au iv e siècle, les chrétiens d’aujourd’hui prennent conscience qu’ils deviennent étrangers à la nouvelle civilisation. Mais le Dieu chrétien peut renaître en Europe, par le mysticisme, ou sous une forme communautaire si l’Eglise catholique accepte de se réformer et d’évoluer sur la sexualité.
Dieu, cet absent des bondieuseries
Authors: Fœssel Michaël
Published: November 2018

Nietzsche affronte l’épuisement historique de la parole chrétienne pour inventer de nouvelles divinités, Barth pense son irréductibilité aux discours mondains : ces deux auteurs rappellent ainsi que, derrière ledit retour du religieux, il y a l’absence de Dieu.
Les Iraniens dissimulés
Authors: Maurice Antoine
Published: November 2018

Comment l’Iran s’est-il construit après la Révolution islamique ? De Téhéran à l’Iran central, les villes révèlent la richesse de la culture persane. Sous le poids des interdictions, leurs habitants, surtout les femmes, oscillent entre la dissimulation et la dissidence.
La genèse du concept de prolétariat chez le jeune Marx (1841-1845)
Authors: Cailleba Patrice
Published: November 2018

L’apparition et le développement du concept de prolétariat chez le jeune Marx ont peu été étudiés. Althusser a opposé les œuvres de jeunesse (1841-1845) aux œuvres dites de maturité. Au contraire, certains ont vu, dans le prolongement de la notion d’individu que constitue le prolétariat, un concept fondamental dont ont été dérivés les concepts ultérieurs. Dans cet article, nous suivons cette perspective tracée par Henry et appuyée par Ricœur. Nous examinons la notion d’individu propre au jeune Marx tout en considérant la genèse du prolétariat avant que Marx ne s’en empare. Puis, nous étudions la double évolution de ce concept à l’aune de l’ambition philosophique et politique marxienne. Codes JEL  : B14, B24, B31, B51
Developments of Environmentally Certified Reference Material From the Brazilian Metrology Institute to Support National Traceability
Authors: Fioravante Andreia de Lima , Guimarães Evelyn de Freitas , Gonzaga Fabiano Barbieri , Augusto Cristiane Rodrigues , Ribeiro Claudia Cipriano , do Rego Eliane Cristina Pires , Batista de Santana Elaine , das Neves Laura Alves , Junqueira de Carvalho Lucas , Ribeiro de Almeida Renato Rubim , de Sena Rodrigo C. , Dominguez Marcelo de Almeida , Caixeiro Janaina Marques Rodrigues , Smarçaro da Cunha Valnei , Sobral Sidney P.
Published: November 2018

This chapter aims to present the developments performed by the Brazilian Metrology Institute (NMI) – Inmetro, considering the environmental demand. Inmetro addresses a great part of its activities to the study of the traceability transference based on production and dissemination of certified reference material (CRM) of different areas in chemistry. The chapter presents results from certification of the following reference materials developed: BTEX and PAH in solution, besides automotive emission gas mixtures and bioethanol. So, the achievements made are the growth in developing CRM in order to support the needs of the national industry and to disseminate traceability among the society.
The Challenge of Developing Primary Standards Mixtures of Carbon Dioxide at Atmospheric Levels
Authors: Fioravante Andreia de Lima , Augusto Cristiane Rodrigues , Ribeiro Claudia Cipriano , Smarçaro da Cunha Valnei , d'Avila Luiz Antônio , Ximenes Thays Silva
Published: November 2018

In recent years, the need for the quality control, reliability, and traceability of analytical results has been strongly emphasized. The National Metrology Institute – Inmetro is involved in improving measurement capabilities to provide confidence level regarding greenhouse gases standards. The chapter describes the development of certified reference materials of carbon dioxide in atmospheric synthetic air that are used to monitor its concentration in the atmosphere. Considering the contributions from gravimetry preparation and its verification analysis by cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS), the relative expanded uncertainty of the standard mixture of carbon dioxide was lower than 0.5% for the range studied from 370 to 550 μmol/mol, which is comparable to the average of 0.25% relative uncertainties presented on international standards mixtures.
Micro Social Enterprises in Developing Countries
Authors: Jankelowitz Lauren , Myres Kerrin
Published: November 2018

Social enterprises have a strong focus on social mission, whether they have non-profit or commercial roots. In the developing country context, non-profit organizations are adapting to meet scarce funding resources by becoming more entrepreneurial and adopting profit-making behaviors. Concurrently, businesses are engaging more with their clients and the communities within which they work, developing innovative business solutions to address social problems. While the study of social enterprises in the developed world focuses on choice, autonomy, legitimacy, and growth in the transition to social enterprise, very few comprehensive studies have been conducted on social enterprises in the developing country context. It is thus difficult to assess whether developing country contexts are different or not. A recent study to understand who South African social enterprises are and whether their context is relevant, found that these organizations are similar to and different from those operating in the developed world, thus suggesting that context does play a role.
Applying a Cross-Cultural Health Systems Strengthening Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Watson Elizabeth S. , Roberts Paul
Published: November 2018

The authors aim to contribute to the limited but growing body of cross-cultural research on the dynamic between social enterprise and systems context. They describe their experiences setting up a small social enterprise between 2004 and 2015 to deliver primary care services in England. They use a diagnostic tool to structure their discussion on the health systems context. The three domains—social impact, government systems, and health system capacity—influenced the authors' capacity and capability to realize social innovations in care to vulnerable people. This chapter will have implications for researchers, health policy makers, and social entrepreneurs with an interest in supporting the development of social enterprises, with particular reference to small social enterprises in health systems.
Understanding Social Entrepreneurship in the African Context
Authors: Wale-Oshinowo Bamidele A. , Uba Chijioke Dike , Adeyeye Mercy M. , Omobowale Ayotunle Olumuyiwa
Published: November 2018

Social enterprises are organizations created with the aim of applying entrepreneurial skills and innovations to solving social problems. They are managed by individuals who combine pragmatic and result-oriented methods of a business entrepreneur with the goals of a social reformer. Such enterprises combine resources in innovative ways to create social value in and for the society. However, social enterprises may face challenges that impact their ability to accomplish social goals. For instance, when confronted with the harsh realities of economic recession, teaming poor population, and the need to profit for social intervention, social enterprises existing in hostile economic environment in developing countries may face possibilities of shutdown. This chapter examines the concept of social entrepreneurship in a subsisting economy in Africa. Specifically, it draws from relevant primary and secondary data to explore the nature of social entrepreneurship in the Nigeria context and the potential role that social entrepreneurship can play in addressing social problems.
Small Social Enterprises and Online Advertising
Authors: Epepe Umefien Dakoru
Published: November 2018

This chapter provides an overview of constraints of online advertising amongst small social enterprises in selected capital cities in Nigeria. The E-VALUE model and social bricolage theory provide theoretical background for developing a conceptual model of electronic social value (E-SOVAL). A survey of 120 social bricoleurs ascertained constrains and value creation opportunities of advertising on Facebook and Google AdWords. Descriptive statistics reveal important infrastructural, institutional, environmental, and experiential online advertising constraints. At significance level (p < 0.05), the t-statistic coefficients independently indicate a strong positive relationship between client relationship, visibility, and internet experience. The chapter recommends that for small social enterprises to create E-SOVAL in innovative ways there is the need to overcome identified constraints.
Managing Uncertainty in Small and Micro Social Enterprises
Authors: Kulothungan Gladius David , Oham Charles , Jirel Puspa
Published: November 2018

Small and micro social enterprises deal with meeting unmet or inadequately met needs of marginalized people and communities by creating values for them. While organizing and focusing their efforts on doing this entrepreneurially, they are constantly buffeted by complexities and uncertainties. Most of these enterprises are initiated and led by committed social activists who become ‘accidental managers.' In their attempts to continue being relevant and committed to their true mission, these social entrepreneurs resort to novel methods through a unique framework called the Cynefin-Bricolage Framework that is essentially an ‘analysis-solution' tool for solving critical problems associated with uncertainties in organizational contexts for small social enterprises. This chapter uses two case studies from Nepal which deploy this framework effectively, setting an example of good practice for other small and micro social enterprises, with significant relevance to the sector as a whole.
motherscholar
Authors: Schnackenberg Heidi L.
Published: November 2018

Having children negatively affects women's careers in higher education, and women in the academy are far less likely to marry and/or have children than women in other demanding professions. For those women that do ascend the academic ranks, they are far more likely to be unmarried or divorced, and childless. In fact, in 2015 only 32.4% of women held full professor positions in the academy. Clearly there are barriers in place that discourage/prohibit women both from becoming mothers and from being promoted from associate to full professor. Since attaining the rank of full professor is often a pathway to leadership in the academy, there also exists a problem of under-representation of women in leadership in higher education. In this chapter, the author explores the challenges and considers the possibilities of motherscholars becoming MotherLeaders in higher education.
Women in Higher Education Leadership
Authors: Gonyea Lauren T.
Published: November 2018

Women face many challenges when it comes to leadership in higher education. The experiences of women in leadership are not monolithic, particularly in terms of race. This chapter seeks to illuminate the realities of five women of a variety of races/ethnicities who self-identify as leaders in higher education. Five cisgender women of varying races/ethnicities were interviewed to share specific challenges, issues, strategies, and solutions associated with being a woman in higher education leadership. Specifically, the races/ethnicities of the women who were interviewed include Native American, Black, Chinese, Korean, and White. This chapter will focus on their experiences through the intersectional lens of race and gender.
Interlocking Systems of Oppression
Authors: Wheaton Marissiko M. , Kezar Adrianna
Published: November 2018

Women in higher education face many challenges as they navigate senior-level administrative positions on college campuses. Much of the existing research on women's leadership in higher education does not highlight the ways in which women of varying overlapping identities navigate leadership uniquely. In this chapter, the authors discuss the need for the theories of intersectionality and positionality, which foreground the intersection of many identities and further contextualize them within systems of power. Through an analysis of existing empirical work, this chapter draws attention to tools and strategies that can be learned from women of multiple oppressed identities and positions of leadership.
The “Double-Whammy” of Being Black and a Woman in Higher Education Leadership
Authors: Logan Stephanie R. , Dudley Harriette Scott
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to inform readers and to expand their understandings about specific challenges and solutions that are associated with the leadership of Black women in higher education. In particular, this chapter will present the views and experiences of two African American females, one being a new department chair at a small liberal arts college and the other being a new community college dean, committed to social justice and servant leadership. Using critical race theory, Black feminist perspectives, and intersectionality, the authors seek to document their investigation of society and culture through the sharing of their own lived experiences. Through their auto-ethnographies, the authors also answer the call to discuss how racial and gendered identities inform leadership development in order to challenge hegemonic discourses in higher education leadership.
The Challenges and Responsibilities of White Women in Leadership
Authors: Tevis Tenisha
Published: November 2018

Drawing on a larger study that initiated a dialogue about race and inclusion, the author examined the challenges and responsibilities of White women in higher education leadership through the lens of critical race theory. Though there is a need for women, from a feminist perspective, to confront the trend that higher education leadership continues to be White and male, there is more so a need for White women to interrogate the normative and oppressive nature of Whiteness. Because Whiteness is said to be overlooked within the narrative of feminism, White women are accused of perpetuating racism. Yet, very little research explores what happens when White women, particularly in higher education leadership, interrogate Whiteness. Contributing to the bodies of research on feminism, racism, Whiteness, and leadership within the context of higher education, the author presents strategies that could address the polarizing effects of feminism; discusses implications that go beyond institutional type; and provides directions for future research.
Holding Out for a Hero
Authors: Mitchell Regina L. Garza , Carr Erika A. , Garcia Lisa R. , Steinman Luke E. , Kowalski-Braun Marlene , Beach Andrea L.
Published: November 2018

This chapter presents findings from a study of the discourse around college and university presidential leadership. Using feminist critical discourse analysis, the authors analyzed the discourse in job postings in the Chronicle of Higher Education for the years 1996 and 2016. The goal of the study was to analyze postings in a 20-year span to explore and unpack differences in leadership discourse from a gendered perspective. The findings show that although leadership discourse has become somewhat more inclusive, it remains entrenched in the ideas of a hero or “great man” leader.
Women in Higher Education Leadership
Authors: Ginsberg Freda , Davis Julia , Simms Andrea
Published: November 2018

This chapter will provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the reality that there are far fewer women than men in higher education leadership, and in particular, at the most prestigious educational institutions. In addition, this chapter will cover the key explanatory factors that underpin this phenomenon. Likewise, this chapter will review the existing organizational change models that are designed to address this problem. Specifically, the recruitment, retention, and promotion of diverse women to the academy will be addressed.
Development of Human Speech Signal-Based Intelligent Human-Computer Interface for Driving a Wheelchair in Enhancing the Quality-of-Life of the Persons
Authors: Kasiviswanathan Uvanesh , Kushwaha Abhishek , Sharma Shiru
Published: November 2018

For the past few decades, an increase in experimental research has been carried out in enhancing the quality-of-life of the persons with different levels of disabilities. To enhance the lifestyle of differently disabled in terms of their mobility or movement or transportation, a proper aid with appropriate human-computer interface system is needed. So, in this chapter, a hybrid classification model is proposed, which combines and uses hM-GM and ANN models, for classifying human speech signal, especially the word for driving a wheelchair for helping the people, who seek transportation. For classifying the correct word from the phase of sentence (i.e., the human speech signal) to corresponding trigger command for an electrically powered wheelchair prototype, under the certain experimental condition, the hM-GM model yields good recognition of words, but they suffer major limitations as it relies on strong statistical properties and probability. Hence, by combining hM-GM and ANN model-based classifier for enhancing the accuracy of classifying the word to corresponding trigger command.
Deep Learning and Medical Imaging
Authors: Zayed Nourhan Mohamed , Elnemr Heba A.
Published: November 2018

Deep learning (DL) is a special type of machine learning that attains great potency and flexibility by learning to represent input raw data as a nested hierarchy of essences and representations. DL consists of more layers than conventional machine learning that permit higher levels of abstractions and improved prediction from data. More abstract representations computed in terms of less abstract ones. The goal of this chapter is to present an intensive survey of existing literature on DL techniques over the last years especially in the medical imaging analysis field. All these techniques and algorithms have their points of interest and constraints. Thus, analysis of various techniques and transformations, submitted prior in writing, for plan and utilization of DL methods from medical image analysis prospective will be discussed. The authors provide future research directions in DL area and set trends and identify challenges in the medical imaging field. Furthermore, as quantity of medicinal application demands increase, an extended study and investigation in DL area becomes very significant.
Telemonitoring Healthcare System-Based Mobile Agent Technology
Authors: Bouchemal Nardjes , Maamri Ramdane , Bouchemal Naila
Published: November 2018

Generally, distributed computing through a handheld/mobile device has to be considered with care because of the limited capabilities on these devices. Especially in ubiquitous telemonitoring healthcare, which refers to the disposition of any type of health services, such that medical staff members (physicians, emergency workers, other healthcare providers, etc.) through mobile computing devices can access them and expect data to be made available. In this chapter, the authors present a new system based on ubiquitous agents to assist telemonitoring employees, not only anytime and anywhere but also on any device.
Artificial Intelligence in Medical Science
Authors: Mishra Shashwati , Panda Mrutyunjaya
Published: November 2018

The use of intelligent artificial devices has solved many real-world problems and also improved the living style of human beings. The capability of providing unbiased and accurate result has also increased the demand for these devices. For getting faster and well-organized outcomes, scientists and researchers are giving more and more interest in developing such devices. Use of expert systems, concepts from nature-inspired algorithms, neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, internet of things are used extensively to solve various problems in science and engineering. In medical science these techniques are used for data analysis, disease diagnosis, data retrieval, object detection, pattern analysis, data management, monitoring patient health status by physicians, interactions between patients and physicians, keeping record of the medications of the patients, and so on. This chapter performs a detailed analysis on the use of intelligent devices in medical science and about the root concepts on which these devices are designed.
Enhancing Employee Innovative Work Behavior Through Human Resource Management Practices
Authors: Dede Nurten Polat
Published: November 2018

Innovation capacity is one of the essential elements that ensure sustainability of the organizations. Organizations need to be creative and innovative so as to put products and services to market by forecasting customer needs to get competitive advantage in a rapidly changing business environment. Businesses that are more pioneering in innovation will be more successful if they can respond to changing environmental conditions and develop new capabilities that will allow them to deliver better performance. Innovation helps businesses to reduce costs, improve performance, and create new products and services to increase their competitiveness. Scholars contend that the development and implementation of human resource management is critical to benefit such essential employee contributions.
Contemporary Issues and Challenges in Marketing Environment Worldwide
Authors: Pinarbasi Fatih
Published: November 2018

Investigating contemporary issues in specific scientific areas is a continuing concern within understanding underlying conditions and decision making. In the last few decades, human beings have witnessed intense technological developments. The main challenge faced by marketing scholars and practitioners is how developments and changes would affect consumer and brands as an integral relationship in different contexts. This chapter examines contemporary issues affecting managerial and innovative thinking in marketing environment. In this study, the concepts of technology, social network/social media, consumer, and brand are central to contemporary issues and challenges in marketing environment. In a descriptive approach, sub-concepts of main concepts are discussed, Then selected studies and questions about future researches are stated. This study offers an integrative approach and important insights into marketing issues and marketing management.
Customer Centric Innovation in Banking Sector
Authors: Zengin Sinemis
Published: November 2018

Highly competitive business environments make innovation a key element for survival. Though there are many companies that have been market leaders, they failed. The main reason behind the failure is lack of innovation. This is why companies have to find new discoveries and strategies to survive. Even though innovation is generally defined as a creation of idea, it is more than an idea. It is a process that includes a series of steps that begin with imagination and result in the creation of something. Innovation provides solutions for requirements in a unique way. Before the imagination steps, companies have to understand deeply customers' needs or desires to define requirements of customers. In this chapter, the customer-centric innovation process explained in seven stages.
Financial Innovation
Authors: Akkaya Murat
Published: November 2018

Financial innovation offers cheaper and available services to financial system and it increases quality of service and products in a long run. The functions of financial innovation are decrease in the cost of payments and increase in the speed of determination of fraud, mechanism for the pooling of funds, management of uncertainty and controlling of risk, manages agency costs, and enhancement of liquidity. Technology contributes to the design and pricing of new instruments and facilitates the identification, measurement, and monitoring of risks in portfolios containing complex instruments. Innovation research has shown that the increase in countries' innovation performance plays a key role in economic and social development, prosperity, and development. Financial innovation is the most important driving force for the transition to the information economy. Globalization and global competition require innovation. Hence, the future is mobile and should be innovative.
Polanyi and Schumpeter vs. Neoliberalism
Authors: Akansel Ilkben
Published: November 2018

Neoliberalism means “new liberalism.” It could be dated back to 18th century, but it is a term that belongs today. Since 1990, neoliberal rules gave many harmful effects, especially to developing countries, and those harmful effects have proceeded for labor class. As capitalism stands on its own feet, it can find solutions to regain profits. However, the concern may well be gaining too much profit gives harmful effects on a wide range of social classes. Neoliberalism is accepted as the tool of these effects by the majority of the economists. In this chapter, the authors scrutinize the consequences of neoliberalism by the mediation of two great philosophers who criticized capitalism in different ideas. Karl Polanyi's and Joseph A. Schumpeter's different opinions about capitalism will be scrutinized in order to understand the connection between capitalism and neoliberalism. So, in this study, starting with its name, neoliberalism's implementations will be scrutinized by two great philosophers.
Analysis of fluctuations in Credit-Deposit Ratio of Indian States
Authors: Das Ramesh Chandra , Das Utpal
Published: November 2018

Under the backdrop of the liberalization and globalization policies undertaken by the Indian government and the outbreak of the global financial crisis, the present chapter tries to study the trends, fluctuations, and ranking of the credit-deposit ratio of the Indian states for the period 1972-2015 comprising pre-globalization to post-financial crisis phase. Applying descriptive statistics, product moment and rank correlation coefficients, and student's “t” test and “F” tests, the results show that there are significant increases in the credit-deposit ratios of most of the states during the phase of financial as well as post-financial crisis phase compared to pre-globalization and post-globalization periods, but there were significant fluctuations in credit-deposit ratio in the financial crisis and post-financial crisis phases. Further, the rank correlation results show that the states maintained almost similar ranks in their credit-deposit ratios for the phases of pre-globalization, post-globalization, pre-financial crisis, and post-financial crisis. The study, thus, suggests that the Indian banking sector has not been affected adversely.
Innovating Through Reflective Learning in Mindful Organizations
Authors: Baykal Elif
Published: November 2018

In the 21st century, being affected by the demanding business atmosphere and fierce competition among players, contemporary organizations have changed their priorities. The rivalry among ambitious organizations created knowledge-based economies that are possible through effective learning and high levels of organizational awareness. In this chapter, it is suggested that these requirements for effective learning and high awareness in companies address the need for mindful individuals and mindful organizations. And mindfulness in organizations are good for establishing meaningful ways to promote organizational learning and creates the baseline for more innovative work atmospheres. Furthermore, authentic leadership, most congruent leadership style for positive work atmospheres which is charachterized by authenticity, transparency, and high levels of awareness, has been presented as a suitable leadership style for mindful and innovative organizations. And moreover, it is proposed that under authentic leadership, mindful organizations will be succesful in benefting from reflective learning which will contribute to higher levels of innovativeness.
Marketing Management in Digital Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Context
Authors: Pinarbasi Fatih
Published: November 2018

Managerial thinking in marketing management requires holistic perspective for understanding and interpreting issues and trends in marketing environment. Technology plays a key role in business related issues and the effects of it can be seen in digital marketing concept. On the other hand, consumer behavior is always popular because of the nature of concept. In today's world consumer-brand relationship can be consumer-driven or brand-driven. So, this combination creates a dual structure which can help for a holistic perspective. The aim of this chapter is examining marketing management in two perspectives: digital marketing and consumer behavior. Literature review is used in this study to examine current literature in three different contexts. These contexts refer to specific areas in marketing management and they address two perspectives used in this study. All contexts have descriptive information and selected studies. This study highlights main topics in the contexts and provides a holistic perspective for marketing management.
Thriving at Work as a Psychological Mechanism to Enhance Employee Capability of Innovative Voice
Authors: Koçak Ömer Erdem
Published: November 2018

The aim of this chapter is to shed light on the mechanism under the relationship between innovative voice and its predictors of person-job fit and supervisor support. Thriving at work, a personal experience, is proposed as a mediator between predictors and outcome variable. To test the hypothesis, data was collected from 467 white-collar employees from several industries employing both convenience and snowball sampling methods. According to the results of structural equation modelling and bootstrapping method for mediation tests, the findings are as follows: Thriving at work fully mediates the relationship between demand-ability fit, but it only partially mediates the effect of supervisor support. Further, multigroup analysis showed that both pathways were mediated by thriving at work for both gender groups. This study showed that thriving at work fuels employees' innovativeness which is nurtured by relationship quality, task focus, exploration, and other key resources.
Strategic Alliances
Authors: Toylan Nilufer Vatansever
Published: November 2018

This chapter is aimed at examining the concept of alliances, which has been used as a strategy in the service industry, with a theoretical perspective and how it can be applied to the tourism industry. Specifically, alliances in health tourism are examined by an integrated model proposed for Turkey. Therefore, a literature review has been presented in this chapter. From this, a model created for strategic alliances in the health tourism industry is adapted from the literature. From explaining strategic collaborations in a general context, strategic alliances in tourism industry, examples about Health Tourism Alliances from the world and from Turkey specifically, a model is proposed for Health Tourism Alliances. Lastly, some theoretical and practical implications and suggestions for future studies are presented.
Big Data Models and the Public Sector
Authors: Sona N. Nawin
Published: November 2018

This chapter aims to give an overview of the wide range of Big Data approaches and technologies today. The data features of Volume, Velocity, and Variety are examined against new database technologies. It explores the complexity of data types, methodologies of storage, access and computation, current and emerging trends of data analysis, and methods of extracting value from data. It aims to address the need for clarity regarding the future of RDBMS and the newer systems. And it highlights the methods in which Actionable Insights can be built into public sector domains, such as Machine Learning, Data Mining, Predictive Analytics and others.
Semantic Web, Ontology, and Linked Data
Authors: Basu Anindya
Published: November 2018

Enormous amount of information is being produced every day and get consumed according to the needs of human being. Semantic web and ontology represent information which are machine processable and understand the semantics present among the entities. Ontology can be represented as Knowledge Organization and data modelling tool. Librarians are designated as “Information Custodian” or “Knowledge Keepers”. Implication and application of concepts in LIS can play big role in shaping knowledge-based services and mining and inferring them in better way in future. Ontology and semantic web is the future of LIS as speculated by several professionals and experts. This chapter would delineate a basic overview of Semantic Web, Ontology and linked data.
Role of Operations Strategy and Big Data
Authors: Upadhyay Arvind , Ali Mahmood , Kumar Vikas , Loonam John
Published: November 2018

It has been observed that the less than truck load (LTL) industry is going through significant transformation. After the last few years of decline in revenue, due to weak economy, the profitability of the LTL is on the rise. A strategy based on improving freight flow and density, and tightening terminal capacity is finally producing results for many LTL's, at the same time other LTL's are investing on expanding terminal network's while making bigger gains in the revenue. The availability of big data has revolutionised the way the LTL industry operates. The data assists in planning, efficient routing, safety control, fuel conservation, driving habits, etc. Analysts believe that big data still has a bigger role to play and it will have significant impact on the LTL industry in the coming days. This chapter discusses the challenges and opportunities for LTL carriers as it arises due to the emergence of big data.
Analytics in Public Policy Related to Service Sector
Authors: Ebrahimi Maryam
Published: November 2018

Big Data is transforming industries such as healthcare, financial services and banking, insurance, pharmacy, and telecommunication. Big Data concerns datasets that are not only big, but also high in variety and velocity, which makes them difficult to manage applying traditional tools and techniques. Big Data causes multitude benefits and advantages for industries such as marketing and selling, fraud detection, competitive advantage, risk reduction, and finally decision making and policy making. Due to the rapid growth of such data, methodologies and conceptual architectures need to be studied and provided in order to handle and extract value and knowledge from these data. The purpose of this chapter is studying Big Data benefits, characteristics, methodologies, and conceptual architectures in five different industries. Finally, according to the studies, a comprehensive methodology and architecture are proposed which might be applicable in service sector and one of the useful outcomes can be public policies.
Collaborative and Clustering Based Strategy in Big Data
Authors: Jain Arushi , Bhatnagar Vishal , Sharma Pulkit
Published: November 2018

There is a proliferation in the amount of data generated and its volume, which is going to persevere for many coming years. Big data clustering is the exercise of taking a set of objects and dividing them into groups in such a way that the objects in the same groups are more similar to each other according to a certain set of parameters than to those in other groups. These groups are known as clusters. Cluster analysis is one of the main tasks in the field of data mining and is a commonly used technique for statistical analysis of data. While big data collaborative filtering defined as a technique that filters the information sought by the user and patterns by collaborating multiple data sets such as viewpoints, multiple agents and pre-existing data about the users' behavior stored in matrices. Collaborative filtering is especially required when a huge data set is present.
A Resource Allocation Model for Desktop Clouds
Authors: Alwabel Abdulelah , Walters Robert John , Wills Gary B.
Published: November 2018

Cloud computing is a new paradigm that promises to move IT a step further towards utility computing, in which computing services are delivered as a utility service. Traditionally, Cloud employs dedicated resources located in one or more data centres in order to provide services to clients. Desktop Cloud computing is a new type of Cloud computing that aims at providing Cloud capabilities at low or no cost. Desktop Clouds harness non dedicated and idle resources in order to provide Cloud services. However, the nature of such resources can be problematic because they are prone to failure at any time without prior notice. This research focuses on the resource allocation mechanism in Desktop Clouds.The contributions of this chapter are threefold. Firstly, it defines and explains Desktop Clouds by comparing them with both Traditional Clouds and Desktop Grids. Secondly, the paper discusses various research issues in Desktop Clouds. Thirdly, it proposes a resource allocation model that is able to handle node failures.
Descriptive and Predictive Analytical Methods for Big Data
Authors: Kalaian Sema A. , Kasim Rafa M. , Kasim Nabeel R.
Published: November 2018

Data analytics and modeling are powerful analytical tools for knowledge discovery through examining and capturing the complex and hidden relationships and patterns among the quantitative variables in the existing massive structured Big Data in efforts to predict future enterprise performance. The main purpose of this chapter is to present a conceptual and practical overview of some of the basic and advanced analytical tools for analyzing structured Big Data. The chapter covers descriptive and predictive analytical methods. Descriptive analytical tools such as mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, and data visualization methods (e.g., histograms, line charts) are covered. Predictive analytical tools for analyzing Big Data such as correlation, simple- and multiple- linear regression are also covered in the chapter.
Big Data Mining Based on Computational Intelligence and Fuzzy Clustering
Authors: Akhtar Usman , Hassan Mehdi
Published: November 2018

The availability of a huge amount of heterogeneous data from different sources to the Internet has been termed as the problem of Big Data. Clustering is widely used as a knowledge discovery tool that separate the data into manageable parts. There is a need of clustering algorithms that scale on big databases. In this chapter we have explored various schemes that have been used to tackle the big databases. Statistical features have been extracted and most important and relevant features have been extracted from the given dataset. Reduce and irrelevant features have been eliminated and most important features have been selected by genetic algorithms (GA). Clustering with reduced feature sets requires lower computational time and resources. Experiments have been performed at standard datasets and results indicate that the proposed scheme based clustering offers high clustering accuracy. To check the clustering quality various quality measures have been computed and it has been observed that the proposed methodology results improved significantly. It has been observed that the proposed technique offers high quality clustering.