bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Detection of Bisphenol A Based on Gold Nanoparticles/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Applications on Glassy Carbon and Screen Printed Electrodes
Authors: Luis-Sunga Maximina , Carinelli Soledad , García Gonzalo , González-Mora José Luis , Salazar-Carballo Pedro A.
Published: April 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been classified as an endocrine-disrupting substance that may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. The development of simple and sensitive electrochemical biosensors is crucial for the rapid and effective quantitative determination of BPA. This work presents a study on electrochemical sensors utilizing gold nanoparticle-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT/AuNPs). Glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) and screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were conveniently modified and used for BPA detection. AuNPs were electrodeposited onto the CNT-modified electrodes using the galvanostatic method. The electrodes were properly modified and characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS). The electrochemical response of the sensors was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and constant potential amperometry (CPA) for modified GCE and SPE electrodes, respectively, and the main analytical parameters were studied and optimized. Problems encountered with the use of GCEs, such as sensor degradation and high limit of detection (LOD), were overcome by using modified SPEs and a flow injection device for the measurements. Under this approach, an LOD as low as 5 nM (S/N = 3) was achieved and presented a linear range up to 20 μM. Finally, our investigation addressed interference, reproducibility, and reusability aspects, successfully identifying BPA in both spiked and authentic samples, including commercial and tap waters. These findings underscore the practical applicability of our method for accurate BPA detection in real-world scenarios. Notably, the integration of SPEs and a flow injection device facilitated simplified automation, offering an exceptionally efficient and reliable solution for precise BPA detection in water analysis laboratories.
LazyFrog: Advancing Security and Efficiency in Commercial Wireless Charging with Adaptive Frequency Hopping
Authors: Ahn Sungkyu , Jung Hyelim , Park Ki-Woong
Published: April 2024

With the proliferation of electronic devices and electricity-based mobility solutions, the significance of wireless power transfer technology has increased substantially. However, ensuring secure and reliable power transmission to authorized users remains a significant challenge. Addressing this complex issue requires an integrated approach that balances efficiency, stability, and security considerations. While current efforts primarily focus on improving charging efficiency and user convenience, integrating robust security measures into wireless charging infrastructure is challenging due to its inherently open nature and susceptibility to external interference. Technical advancements are required to strengthen the security of the wireless charging infrastructure; however, these should be balanced with power loss management. This study tackles two core issues: the increasing hardware requirements for billing system authentication protocols and the interception of wireless charging signals by unauthorized users, leading to power theft and subsequent losses. To address these challenges, we propose a mechanism termed “LazyFrog”. This mechanism dynamically adjusts the frequency hopping schedule, activating frequency changes only in response to detected threats during remote charging or upon identifying unauthorized access attempts. The proposed mechanism compares the expected power reception at the device with the actual power supplied by the charging station, enabling the detection of abnormal power losses. By minimizing unnecessary frequency changes and optimizing energy consumption, LazyFrog reduces hardware requirements. Moreover, we have implemented a relative distance estimation mechanism to facilitate efficient power transfer as wireless devices move within the charging environment. With these features, LazyFrog demonstrates a secure, flexible, and energy-efficient wireless charging system ready for practical application.
Error Model for the Assimilation of All-Sky FY-4A/AGRI Infrared Radiance Observations
Authors: Pu Dongchuan , Wu Yali
Published: April 2024

The Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) carried by the FengYun-4A (FY-4A) satellite enables the continuous observation of local weather. However, FY-4A/AGRI infrared satellite observations are strongly influenced by clouds, which complicates their use in all-sky data assimilation. The presence of clouds leads to increased uncertainty, and the observation-minus-background (O−B) differences can significantly deviate from the Gaussian distribution assumed in the variational data assimilation theory. In this study, we introduce two cloud-affected (Ca) indices to quantify the impact of cloud amount and establish dynamic observation error models to address biases between O−B and Gaussian distributions when assimilating all-sky data from FY-4A/AGRI observations. For each Ca index, we evaluate two dynamic observation error models: a two-segment and a three-segment linear model. Our findings indicate that the three-segment linear model we propose better conforms to the statistical characteristics of FY-4A/AGRI observations and improves the Gaussianity of the O−B probability density function. Dynamic observation error models developed in this study are capable of handling cloud-free or cloud-affected FY-4A/AGRI observations in a uniform manner without cloud detection.
A Sensor-Based Upper Limb Treatment in Hemiplegic Patients: Results from a Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Vanoglio Fabio , Comini Laura , Gaiani Marta , Bonometti Gian Pietro , Luisa Alberto , Bernocchi Palmira
Published: April 2024

In post-stroke patients, the disabling motor deficit mainly affects the upper limb. The focus of rehabilitation is improving upper limb function and reducing long-term disability. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using the Gloreha Aria (R-Lead), a sensor-based upper limb in-hospital rehabilitation, compared with conventional physiotherapist-led training in subacute hemiplegic patients. Twenty-one patients were recruited and randomised 1:1 to a sensor-based group (treatment group TG) or a conventional group (control group, CG). All patients performed 30 sessions of 30 min each of dedicated upper limb rehabilitation. The Fugl–Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) was the primary evaluation., both as a motor score and as individual items. Secondary evaluations were Functional Independence Measure; global disability assessed with the Modified Barthel Index; Motor Evaluation Scale for UE in stroke; power grip; and arm, shoulder, and hand disability. All the enrolled patients, 10 in the TG and 11 in the CG, completed all hand rehabilitation sessions during their hospital stay without experiencing any adverse events. FMA-UE scores in upper limb motor function improved in both groups [delta change CG (11.8 ± 9.2) vs. TG (12.7 ± 8.6)]. The score at T1 for FMA joint pain (21.8 vs. 24 best score) suggests the use of the Gloreha Aria (R-Lead) as feasible in improving arm function abilities in post-stroke patients.
Research on the Changing Trends in Electricity Prices in Gansu Province Considering High Future Penetration of Sustainable Energy
Authors: Huang Rong , Wang Xiang , Liang Tian , Zhi Jing , Jin Yongsheng , Qian Jiaxin , Li Haibo
Published: April 2024

Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals have put forward new requirements for the development of sustainable energy. As an important part of the energy system, the power system plays an important role in achieving sustainable energy development. Future power systems will be sustainable, with a high proportion of renewable energy such as photovoltaic and wind power. With advancements in technology and the sustainable development of power systems, the construction costs of wind power, photovoltaics, and other renewable energy sources will continue to decline. At the same time, in order to cope with the uncertainty of renewable energy, more flexible resources need to be built. Under a high proportion of sustainable energy penetration, the utilization rate of flexible resources is low, which will lead to an increase in adjustment costs. Economic issues have an important impact on the development of new power systems, and power system construction will in turn affect social and economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze changing trends in electricity prices in the process of power system sustainability from a quantitative perspective, so as to provide guidance for future planning. In view of the above problems, this paper takes Gansu Province as an example, predicts future power installation trends, by analyzing the power system form evolution, and uses production operation simulation technology to determine the power generation and consumption situation. On this basis, the costs of various power supplies and power grids are calculated, and trends in electricity prices in Gansu Province are forecast.
The Impact of Environmental Regulation and Technical Cognition on Farmers’ Adoption of Safety Agro-Utilization of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Farmland Soil
Authors: Guo Xinyuan , Li Jizhi , Lin Zejian , Ma Li
Published: April 2024

Regarding the large-scale heavy metal pollution in farmland, China has innovatively explored a farming measure governance approach of “production while repairing”. However, due to farmers’ difficulty breaking through conventional planting habits, the governance effects need to be more sustainable. Based on 447 survey data of farmers in 14 cadmium-polluted counties (cities) in Hunan Province, this paper uses the Bootstrap method to explore the impact of environmental regulation, technical cognition, and self-efficacy on farmers’ adoption of “variety–irrigation–pH” (VIP) technology. The results show the following: (1) Environmental regulation can effectively improve farmers’ adoption of VIP technology, and different types of regulation are classified as guidance regulation, constraint regulation, and incentive regulation according to the size of their impact. (2) Technical cognition mediates the environmental regulation process influencing farmers’ adoption. (3) In the process of environmental regulation influencing farmers’ adoption of irrigation and pH through technical cognition, the moderating effect of self-efficacy was positive. Enhance the strategic planning of environmental regulation, bolster technological research and development efforts, and nurture innovative agricultural entities that can promote the adoption of VIP technology. The results have practical significance for further guiding farmers to participate in treating heavy metal pollution.
Enhancing Green University Practices through Effective Waste Management Strategies
Authors: Phrophayak Julalak , Techarungruengsakul Rapeepat , Khotdee Mathinee , Thuangchon Sattawat , Ngamsert Ratsuda , Prasanchum Haris , Sivanpheng Ounla , Kangrang Anongrit
Published: April 2024

The continuity of activities and projects is important for sustainably developing organizations, especially universities. The purpose of this study is to establish university development guidelines regarding waste management according to the green university ranking criteria for sustainable development by studying and collecting the data for Mahasarakham University covering the last five years (2019–2023). We also analyzed and synthesized lessons learned from the details of the operations and the factors involved in the university’s successes while comparing and providing suggestions for its operations in the coming year. This study found that effective waste management led to continuous improvements that achieved the goals of Mahasarakham University. These consisted of five guidelines, as follows: (1) making green university policies and using them as a KPI (key performance index) of the administrative divisions and also announcing the university’s waste management policies by applying the principles of 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle); (2) allocating budgets supporting the projects’ activities according to the evaluation criteria; (3) driving operations through student and personnel participation as well as the mechanisms used by the committees from various administrative divisions, such as the Student Council, the Student Association and clubs; (4) identifying the main responsible individuals and committees for the green university who communicate and drive the operations while collecting, analyzing and preparing the data; and (5) performing follow-ups and evaluations of the project’s activities with the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) processes, facilitating continuous and sustainable developments and improvements leading to a green university. With the above operations, Mahasarakham University’s waste management scores for the six indices during the period 2019–2023 increased annually as follows: 900, 900, 1050, 1275 and 1350.
Effect of Inoculum Pretreatment and Substrate/Inoculum Ratio on Acidogenic Fermentation of Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment Sludge
Authors: Tian Lu , Pan Lei , Wang Lin
Published: April 2024

Inoculum pretreatment and substrate/inoculum ratio (SIR) are essential factors affecting the acidogenic fermentation of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) sludge. To determine the optimal inoculum conditions, the influence of inoculum pretreatment and SIR on the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was investigated via two phases of batch experiments. Heat, acid, and alkali pretreatment methods demonstrated the enhanced production of VFAs, with the heat pretreatment being the optimal inoculum pretreatment method due to its highest VFA accumulation and favorable VFA composition for denitrification. The substrate/inoculum ratio of 4:1 (SIR 4) presented the optimal efficiency for both hydrolysis and acidogenesis processes (24.6 ± 0.1% and 22.7 ± 0.4%), with acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid dominating the VFA profile. Combining VFA production and microbial community, the heat-pretreated inoculum with the SIR 4 condition was the most suitable for the VFA production of CEPT sludge acidogenic fermentation. This study contributes to sustainability in wastewater management by demonstrating an efficient approach for the recovery of carbon resources from CEPT sludge. The optimized conditions for acidogenic fermentation not only enhance VFA production but also support the circular economy by transforming waste into valuable resources.
Long-Term Energy Yield Analysis of the Rooftop PV System in Climate Conditions of Poland
Authors: Gulkowski Slawomir , Krawczak Ewelina
Published: April 2024

In the past four years, the number of prosumers utilizing photovoltaic (PV) installations in Poland has increased significantly, exceeding 1.3 million, reaching a total power capacity of 10.5 GW by the end of 2023. This paper presents a three-year energy yield analysis of the prosumer PV systems operating in Eastern Poland. The 9.6 kW system consists of high-efficiency monocrystalline photovoltaic modules in half-cut technology. Over the three years of operation, specific yields have been analyzed along with weather parameters, such as solar intensity, outdoor temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, or snowfall. The average annual final yield was found to be relatively high, exceeding 1000 kWh·kW−1 in each of the analysed years. The highest monthly specific yields of the analysed period were noticed during the summer, reaching the maximum value of 164 kWh·kW−1 in 2022. The daily final yields varied from a minimum of 0.15 kWh·kW−1 in Winter 2021 to a maximum of 6.8 kWh·kW−1 in Spring 2022. Weather conditions increasing the energy yields, such as low average ambient temperatures together with high insolation periods, were noticed. Energy production in such favorable conditions reached a surprisingly high value of energy yield in April 2020, comparable to the summer months (151.0 kWh·kW−1). The occurrence of heavy rainfall in summer was also noted as a desirable effect that leads to the natural cleaning of the PV modules. The average performance ratio during the analyzed period was found to be 0.85. The energy production of the PV system allowed the reduction of about 21 tons of CO2 emission.
The Impact of Environmental Management Capabilities on the Economic Value Added of Industrial Enterprises—Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Feng Ke , Bao Cunkuan
Published: April 2024

Under the requirements of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the value added of Chinese industrial enterprises may face pressure, especially for those with high carbon emissions, where the constraints are more apparent. It is urgent to explore a long-term development path for enterprises to achieve value addition while managing environmental responsibilities effectively. This study conducts an empirical analysis using the unbalanced panel data of 3137 Chinese A-share listed industrial enterprises from 2008 to 2023. It constructs a comprehensive index covering 7 dimensions and 22 indicators to evaluate corporate environmental management capabilities based on three aspects: government policy requirements, corporate management needs, and public social demands. In this study, a dynamic panel differential generalised moment estimation model (dif-GMM) is established to investigate the impact of environmental management capabilities on economic value added. By categorising industrial enterprises into heavily polluting industries and non-heavily polluting industries, the study further investigates the differences in impact. The results show a significant positive correlation between environmental management capabilities and the amount of economic value added, with a stronger correlation for enterprises in heavily polluting industries. The article provides suggestions from government, enterprises, and societal perspectives to promote a virtuous cycle of enhanced environmental management capabilities and value addition, jointly advancing carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
Lactic Acid Bacteria in Sustainable Food Production
Authors: Rachwał Kamila , Gustaw Klaudia
Published: April 2024

The main tenets of the sustainable food production model are to reduce the adverse environmental impacts of production and to use available resources more efficiently. The sustainable food production model allows companies to adapt their strategies to current challenges and requirements while maintaining long-term production stability and competitiveness. To ensure that sustainable food chain participants implement appropriate practices, research is being conducted to develop new solutions. Among the important issues that are of great interest to researchers is the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These bacteria play a pivotal role in sustainable food production, encompassing environmental, economic, and social aspects. The following article highlights recent innovations and advancements in LAB applications, contributing to enhanced efficiency and sustainable development of food products. By fermenting food, LAB effectively enhances food safety, prolong shelf life, and augment nutritional values, while simultaneously eliminating or outcompeting foodborne pathogens, thus preventing food poisoning. This article underscores these often-overlooked aspects of LAB, such as the critical role of fermented food in sustaining humanity during challenging times, by providing essential nutrients, and supporting health through its unique preservative and probiotic properties. It also points out the lesser-known applications of these microorganisms, including the degradation of organic waste or biogas and bioplastics production.
Exploring the Impact of FDI and Technological Progress Path on Ecological Unequal Exchange within Manufacturing Industry in China
Authors: Gong Mengqi , Zhang Weike
Published: April 2024

Under the premise of jointly promoting global ecological and environmental governance, as an important promoter of economic globalization and the main communicator of low-carbon technology, how does FDI contribute to EUE? In addition, technology can affect ecological inequality exchange by affecting production methods and other aspects, so what role does the path of technological progress play in it? These questions are the focus of this paper. Ecological unequal exchange is calculated using the MRIO model, and this study further examines the influence of FDI on this exchange in the manufacturing sector via technological progress using the systematic GMM model. The study discovered the following: (1) The full sample study reveals that FDI inflows can significantly reduce the EUE of the manufacturing industry, but FDI exacerbates the EUE in the manufacturing industry by further worsening it through the pathway of technological progress (2) Further research finds that the effect of FDI on the EUE in the manufacturing sector through technological progress path will be different due to the source of FDI vary, the causes of ecological unequal exchange, the time period, and the development of a technological progress path.
Decreased Ubiquitination and Acetylation of Histones 3 and 4 Are Associated with Obesity-Induced Disorders of Spermatogenesis in Mice
Authors: Fofana Mahamadou , Li Zhenyang , Li Han , Li Wenqi , Wu Lu , Lu Lu , Liu Qizhan
Published: April 2024

Background: Obesity, a chronic metabolic disorder, is related to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and reproductive disorders. The relationship between obesity and male infertility is now well recognized, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. We aimed to observe the effect of obesity on spermatogenesis and to investigate the role of histone ubiquitination and acetylation modifications in obesity-induced spermatogenesis disorders. Methods: Thirty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was fed with a general maintenance diet (12% fat), while a high-fat diet (HFD) group was fed with 40% fat for 10 weeks; then, they were mated with normal females. The fertility of male mice was calculated, testicular and sperm morphology were observed, and the expression levels of key genes and the levels of histone acetylation and ubiquitination modification during spermatogenesis were detected. Results: The number of sperm was decreased, as well as the sperm motility, while the number of sperm with malformations was increased. In the testes, the mRNA and protein expression levels of gonadotropin-regulated testicular RNA helicase (GRTH/DDX25), chromosome region maintenance-1 protein (CRM1), high-mobility group B2 (HMGB2), phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2), and testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme (tACE) were decreased. Furthermore, obesity led to a decrease in ubiquitinated H2A (ubH2A) and reduced levels of histone H3 acetylation K18 (H3AcK18) and histone H4 acetylation K5, K8, K12, and K16 (H4tetraAck), which disrupted protamine 1 (Prm1) deposition in testis tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that low levels of histone ubiquitination and acetylation are linked with obesity-induced disorders during spermatogenesis, contributing to a better understanding of obesity-induced damage to male reproduction.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Murine Cytomegalovirus-Infected Pneumonia via NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Fei , Chen Zhida , Wu Hui-Ting , Chen Xin-Xiang , Zhan Peiqi , Wei Zheng-Yi , Ouyang Zizhang , Jiang Xueyan , Shen Ao , Luo Min-Hua , Liu Qifa , Zhou Yue-Peng , Qin Aiping
Published: April 2024

Reactivation and infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) are frequently observed in recipients of solid organ transplants, bone marrow transplants, and individuals with HIV infection. This presents an increasing risk of allograft rejection, opportunistic infection, graft failure, and patient mortality. Among immunocompromised hosts, interstitial pneumonia is the most critical clinical manifestation of CMV infection. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exos) in preclinical models of acute lung injury, including pneumonia, ARDS, and sepsis. However, the role of MSC-exos in the pathogenesis of infectious viral diseases, such as CMV pneumonia, remains unclear. In a mouse model of murine CMV-induced pneumonia, we observed that intravenous administration of mouse MSC (mMSC)-exos reduced lung damage, decreased the hyperinflammatory response, and shifted macrophage polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype. Treatment with mMSC-exos also significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, in vitro studies revealed that mMSC-exos reversed the hyperinflammatory phenotype of bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with murine CMV. Mechanistically, mMSC-exos treatment decreased activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our findings indicate that mMSC-exo treatment is effective in severe CMV pneumonia by reducing lung inflammation and fibrosis through the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thus providing promising therapeutic potential for clinical CMV infection.
Chimeric Porcine Parvovirus VP2 Virus-like Particles with Epitopes of South African Serotype 2 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Elicits Specific Humoral and Cellular Responses in Mice
Authors: Li Qian , Ma Xusheng , Shen Yaner , Dai Junfei , Nian Xiaofeng , Shang Xiaofen , Chen Jiao , Wubshet Ashenafi Kiros , Zhang Jie , Zheng Haixue
Published: April 2024

Southern Africa Territories 2 (SAT2) foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has crossed long-standing regional boundaries in recent years and entered the Middle East. However, the existing vaccines offer poor cross-protection against the circulating strains in the field. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an alternative design approach for vaccines in anticipation of a pandemic of SAT2 Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The porcine parvovirus (PPV) VP2 protein can embed exogenous epitopes into the four loops on its surface, assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), and induce antibodies and cytokines to PPV and the exogenous epitope. In this study, chimeric porcine parvovirus VP2 VLPs (chimeric PPV-SAT2-VLPs) expressing the T-and/or B-cell epitopes of the structural protein VP1 of FMDV SAT2 were produced using the recombinant pFastBac™ Dual vector of baculoviruses in Sf9 and HF cells We used the Bac-to-Bac system to construct the recombinant baculoviruses. The VP2-VLP--SAT2 chimeras displayed chimeric T-cell epitope (amino acids 21–40 of VP1) and/or the B-cell epitope (amino acids 135–174) of SAT FMDV VP1 by substitution of the corresponding regions at the N terminus (amino acids 2–23) and/or loop 2 and/or loop 4 of the PPV VP2 protein, respectively. In mice, the chimeric PPV-SAT2-VLPs induced specific antibodies against PPV and the VP1 protein of SAT2 FMDV. The VP2-VLP-SAT2 chimeras induced specific antibodies to PPV and the VP1 protein specific epitopes of FMDV SAT2. In this study, as a proof-of-concept, successfully generated chimeric PPV-VP2 VLPs expressing epitopes of the structural protein VP1 of FMDV SAT2 that has a potential to prevent FMDV SAT2 and PPV infection in pigs.
Applying Next-Generation Sequencing to Track HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Circulating in Portugal
Authors: Pimentel Victor , Pingarilho Marta , Sebastião Cruz S. , Miranda Mafalda , Gonçalves Fátima , Cabanas Joaquim , Costa Inês , Diogo Isabel , Fernandes Sandra , Costa Olga , Corte-Real Rita , Martins M. Rosário O. , Seabra Sofia G. , Abecasis Ana B. , Gomes Perpétua
Published: April 2024

Background: The global scale-up of antiretroviral treatment (ART) offers significant health benefits by suppressing HIV-1 replication and increasing CD4 cell counts. However, incomplete viral suppression poses a potential threat for the emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs), limiting ART options, and increasing HIV transmission. Objective: We investigated the patterns of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and acquired drug resistance (ADR) among HIV-1 patients in Portugal. Methods: Data were obtained from 1050 HIV-1 patient samples submitted for HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing from January 2022 to June 2023. Evaluation of DRM affecting viral susceptibility to nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) was performed using an NGS technology, the Vela Diagnostics Sentosa SQ HIV-1 Genotyping Assay. Results: About 71% of patients were ART naïve and 29% were experienced. Overall, 20% presented with any DRM. The prevalence of TDR and ADR was 12.6% and 41.1%, respectively. M184V, T215S, and M41L mutations for NRTI, K103N for NNRTI, and M46I/L for PIs were frequent in naïve and treated patients. E138K and R263K mutations against INSTIs were more frequent in naïve than treated patients. TDR and ADR to INSTIs were 0.3% and 7%, respectively. Patients aged 50 or over (OR: 1.81, p = 0.015), originating from Portuguese-speaking African countries (PALOPs) (OR: 1.55, p = 0.050), HIV-1 subtype G (OR: 1.78, p = 0.010), and with CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 (OR: 1.70, p = 0.043) were more likely to present with DRMs, while the males (OR: 0.63, p = 0.003) with a viral load between 4.1 to 5.0 Log10 (OR: 0.55, p = 0.003) or greater than 5.0 Log10 (OR: 0.52, p < 0.001), had lower chances of presenting with DRMs. Conclusions: We present the first evidence on TDR and ADR to INSTI regimens in followed up patients presenting for healthcare in Portugal. We observed low levels of TDR to INSTIs among ART-naïve and moderate levels in ART-exposed patients. Regimens containing PIs could be an alternative second line in patients with intermediate or high-level drug resistance, especially against second-generation INSTIs (dolutegravir, bictegravir, and cabotegravir).
ML241 Antagonizes ERK 1/2 Activation and Inhibits Rotavirus Proliferation
Authors: Wang Jinlan , Hu Xiaoqing , Wu Jinyuan , Lin Xiaochen , Chen Rong , Lu Chenxing , Song Xiaopeng , Leng Qingmei , Li Yan , Kuang Xiangjing , Li Jinmei , Yao Lida , Tang Xianqiong , Ye Jun , Zhang Guangming , Sun Maosheng , Zhou Yan , Li Hongjun
Published: April 2024

Rotavirus (RV) is the main pathogen that causes severe diarrhea in infants and children under 5 years of age. No specific antiviral therapies or licensed anti-rotavirus drugs are available. It is crucial to develop effective and low-toxicity anti-rotavirus small-molecule drugs that act on novel host targets. In this study, a new anti-rotavirus compound was selected by ELISA, and cell activity was detected from 453 small-molecule compounds. The anti-RV effects and underlying mechanisms of the screened compounds were explored. In vitro experimental results showed that the small-molecule compound ML241 has a good effect on inhibiting rotavirus proliferation and has low cytotoxicity during the virus adsorption, cell entry, and replication stages. In addition to its in vitro effects, ML241 also exerted anti-RV effects in a suckling mouse model. Transcriptome sequencing was performed after adding ML241 to cells infected with RV. The results showed that ML241 inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting IκBα, activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and playing an anti-RV role. These results provide an experimental basis for specific anti-RV small-molecule compounds or compound combinations, which is beneficial for the development of anti-RV drugs.
The Effects of Endosomal Toll-like Receptor Inhibitors in an EBV DNA-Exacerbated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Karout Iman , Salhab Zahraa , Sherri Nour , Bitar Elio R. , Borghol Abdul Hamid , Sabra Hady , Kassem Aya , Osman Omar , Alam Charbel , Znait Sabah , Assaf Rayan , Fadlallah Sukayna , Jurjus Abdo , Hashash Jana G. , Rahal Elias A.
Published: April 2024

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a Herpesviridae family member, is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disease development in the host. We previously demonstrated that EBV DNA elevates levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A and that inhibiting Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, 7, or 9 reduces its levels. Moreover, this DNA exacerbated colitis in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the study at hand, we examined whether inhibition of TLR3, 7, or 9 alleviates this exacerbation. Mice were fed 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) water and administered EBV DNA. Then, they were treated with a TLR3, 7, or 9 inhibitor or left untreated. We also assessed the additive impact of combined inhibition of all three receptors. Mice that received DSS, EBV DNA, and each inhibitor alone, or a combination of inhibitors, showed significant improvement. They also had a decrease in the numbers of the pathogenic colonic IL-17A+IFN-γ+ foci. Inhibition of all three endosomal TLR receptors offered no additive benefit over administering a single inhibitor. Therefore, inhibition of endosomal TLRs reduces EBV DNA exacerbation of mouse colitis, offering a potential approach for managing IBD patients infected with EBV.
Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Efficacy through the Application of TMSB10 UTR for Superior Antigen Presentation and Immune Activation
Authors: Ding Xiaoyan , Zhou Yuxin , He Jiuxiang , Zhao Jing , Li Jintao
Published: April 2024

The development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 remains a critical challenge amidst the ongoing global pandemic. This study introduces a novel approach to enhancing mRNA vaccine efficacy by leveraging the untranslated region (UTR) of TMSB10, a gene identified for its significant mRNA abundance in antigen-presenting cells. Utilizing the GEO database, we identified TMSB10 among nine genes, with the highest mRNA abundance in dendritic cell subtypes. Subsequent experiments revealed that TMSB10’s UTR significantly enhances the expression of a reporter gene in both antigen-presenting and 293T cells, surpassing other candidates and a previously optimized natural UTR. A comparative analysis demonstrated that TMSB10 UTR not only facilitated a higher reporter gene expression in vitro but also showed marked superiority in vivo, leading to enhanced specific humoral and cellular immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant RBD antigen. Specifically, vaccines incorporating TMSB10 UTR induced significantly higher levels of specific IgG antibodies and promoted a robust T-cell immune response, characterized by the increased secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 and the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These findings underscore the potential of TMSB10 UTR as a strategic component in mRNA vaccine design, offering a promising avenue to bolster vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and, potentially, other pathogens.
Comparative Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Characteristics of Two Major Enterococcus Species from Poultry Slaughterhouses in South Korea
Authors: Son Yongwoo , Jin Yeung Bae , Cho Eun-Jeong , Park Ae Ra , Flores Rochelle A. , Nguyen Binh T. , Lee Seung Yun , Altanzul Bujinlkham , Park Kwang Il , Min Wongi , Kim Woo H.
Published: April 2024

The spread of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus in the poultry industry poses significant public health challenges due to multidrug resistance and biofilm formation. We investigated the antibiotic resistance profiles and biofilm characteristics of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates from chicken meat in poultry slaughterhouses in South Korea. Ninety-six isolates (forty-eight each of E. faecalis and E. faecium) were collected between March and September 2022. Both species were analyzed using MALDI-TOF, PCR, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and biofilm assays. A high level of multidrug resistance was observed in E. faecalis (95.8%) and E. faecium (93.8%), with E. faecium exhibiting a broader range of resistance, particularly to linezolid (52.1%) and rifampicin (47.9%). All E. faecalis isolates formed biofilm in vitro, showing stronger biofilm formation than E. faecium with a significant difference (p < 0.001) in biofilm strength. Specific genes (cob, ccf, and sprE) were found to be correlated with biofilm strength. In E. faecium isolates, biofilm strength was correlated with resistance to linezolid and rifampicin, while a general correlation between antibiotic resistance and biofilm strength was not established. Through analysis, correlations were noted between antibiotics within the same class, while no general trends were evident in other analyzed factors. This study highlights the public health risks posed by multidrug-resistant enterococci collected from poultry slaughterhouses, emphasizing the complexity of the biofilm-resistance relationship and the need for enhanced control measures.
Geochemical Assessment of the Evolution of Groundwater under the Impact of Seawater Intrusion in the Mannar District of Sri Lanka
Authors: Athauda Samadhi , Wang Yunwen , Hao Zhineng , Indika Suresh , Yapabandara Isuru , Weragoda Sujithra K. , Liu Jingfu , Wei Yuansong
Published: April 2024

Groundwater is an important drinking water resource in the coastal regions of island countries and has suffered from heavy seawater intrusion. However, the areas specifically affected by seawater intrusion and their groundwater hydrogeochemical compositions and evolution processes remain unclear. This study analyzed the hydrogeochemical compositions, water quality, and evolution processes of groundwater in the Mannar district, Sri Lanka, during the dry season. A total of 56 samples were collected from shallow wells and tube wells across the region, and about 64.28% of groundwater samples had good quality (WQI < 100). Geochemical compositions and water quality parameters had a high level in the north and south mainland regions, where they severely suffered from seawater intrusion with a high content of Cl− and Na+. The geochemical compositions of groundwater in the Mannar district were predominantly affected by rock weathering and/or evaporation processes. Cl-Na and HCO3-Ca facies were the main hydrochemical types, and the corresponding ions were mainly from silicate and halite dissolution. The reverse cation exchange process mainly occurred in seawater intrusion areas. The study highlights the impacts of seawater intrusion on the hydrogeochemical compositions and evolution processes in Mannar region groundwater, which will enhance the understanding of the local water quality and seawater intrusion situation and aid in protecting drinking water safety by routinely monitoring the groundwater quality and implementing targeted desalination techniques in the key areas.
Designing a primary care pharmacist-led review for people treated with opioids for persistent pain: a multi-method qualitative study
Authors: Woodcock Charlotte , Cornwall Nicola , Dikomitis Lisa , Harrisson Sarah A , White Simon , Helliwell Toby , Knaggs Roger , Hodgson Eleanor , Pincus Tamar , Santer Miriam , Mallen Christian D , Ashworth Julie , Jinks Clare
Published: April 2024

Background

Opioids are frequently prescribed for persistent non-cancer pain despite limited evidence of long-term effectiveness and risk of harm. Evidence-based interventions to address inappropriate opioid prescribing are lacking.

Aim

To explore perspectives of people living with persistent pain to understand barriers and facilitators in reducing opioids in the context of a pharmacist-led primary care review, and identify review components and features for optimal delivery.

Design & setting

A multi-method qualitative study undertaken in the primary care setting in the UK.

Method

Adults with experience of persistent pain and taking opioids participated in semi-structured interviews (
n
= 15, 73% female) and an online discussion forum (
n
= 31). The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) provided a framework for data collection and thematic analysis, involving deductive analysis to TDF domains, inductive analysis within domains to generate sub-themes, and sub-theme comparison to form across-domain overarching themes. The behaviour change technique taxonomy (v1) and motivational behaviour change technique classification system were used to systematically map themes to behaviour change techniques to identify potential review components and delivery features.

Results

Thirty-two facilitator and barrier sub-themes for patients reducing opioids were identified across 13 TDF domains. These combined into the following six overarching themes: learning to live with pain; opioid reduction expectations; assuming a medical model; pharmacist-delivered reviews; pharmacist–patient relationship; and patient engagement. Sub-themes mapped to 21 unique behaviour change techniques, yielding 17 components and five delivery features for the proposed PROMPPT review.

Conclusion

This study generated theoretically informed evidence for design of a practice pharmacist-led PROMPPT review. Future research will test the feasibility and acceptability of the PROMPPT review and pharmacist training.
Review on natural method for wastewater treatment
Authors: Kumanan Bharathi Yazhini , Arunachalam Ganesh Kumar , Sundararaj Jeyakrishnan , Kaliyaperumal Pazhanivel
Published: April 2024

In the present era of scarcity of water resources, effective treatment of wastewater is major prerequisite for growing economy. It is critical to develop and implement advanced wastewater treatment technologies with high efficiency and low capital requirement. Among various treatments, recent advanced processes in nano-material sciences have been attracting the attention of scientists. However, limited collective knowledge is available in this context. The present manuscript reviews the potential developments in nanotechnology with respect to wastewater treatment. The article reviewed and discussed utilization of various classes of nano-materials for wastewater treatment processes.
Standardization of drying methods for improved seed quality of groundnut and sesame seeds
Authors: Geetha V. Vijaya , Parameswari K. , Hemavathy A. Thanga , Ambika S. , Kavitha S. , Senthamizh K. , Sakthivel K.
Published: April 2024

India is one of the important oilseeds grower and importer of edible oils. Oil crops are rich sources of oils, proteins, minerals, vitamins and dietary fibers. Oilseed crops like groundnut, sesame and sunflower are the second most important determinant of agricultural economy, next to cereals within the segment of field crops India stands fourth in oil production next to USA, China & Brazil. Drying of seeds plays a major role in maintaining the quality of seeds. Drying of Rabi harvested Groundnut as well as Sesame seeds is a very big challenge as far as Tindivanam is concerned. Since the seeds were exposed to very hot sun, it leads to cracking of seed coat which in turn leads to poor germination. Hence, to avoid exposing the groundnut as well as sesame seeds to very high temperature, the seed drying method is to be standardized for each seeds. To find the suitable seed drying methods for Groundnut TMV 13 and Sesame TMV 7, the seeds of Groundnut TMV 13 and Sesame TMV 7 were subjected to three methods of drying viz., Sun drying (Completely under sun), Shade drying (under tree shade)and Partial shade drying (morning under shade and evening under sun). The pods were dried to the uniform moisture content of 9% and packed in cloth bags and stored under ambient condition for ten month at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam.  The seeds were evaluated for Moisture content, Germination percentage, Shoot length, Root length, Vigour index, Dry Matter production, Electrical Conductivity and Field Emergence at monthly interval. Seed storage studies revealed that the decrease in germination was faster in seeds groundnut seeds. The germination per cent decreased from 95.7 to 49.3 per cent during 10 months of storage. The vigour parameters like root and shoot length, dry matter production of seedlings, vigour index values and field emergence per cent decreased with increase in storage period. The seeds dried under shade registered maximum germination percent (79.4 percent), vigour index (2098), Dry matter Production (2.89 mg/seedling), Electrical Conductivity 0.312 ds/m and Field emergence (72.5 percent). Similar trend has been observed for Sesame seeds also.  In sesame, Minimum fluctuation in seed moisture content was observed in sesame seeds under different drying methods. The shade dried sesame seeds with initial moisture content of 8 per cent, stored in cloth bag recorded the highest germination (83.8 per cent), longest root and shoot length, maximum dry matter accumulation (34.4 mg),  maximum vigour index (1219) and field emergence (80.8 per cent) at end of tenth month of storage.
Characterization of an erudite construction in Adobe
Authors: Mascarenhas Jorge , Nobre Nuno , Belgas Lurdes
Published: April 2024

Adobe construction is a very old type of earth construction, due to the simplicity of its manufacture and the subsequent construction. The oldest examples of adobe blocks date back more than 10,000 BC, some of which were discovered in the Tigris River basin. They are thought to have been introduced to the Iberian Peninsula during the Arab occupation. Several examples of adobe constructions are well known in Portuguese popular architecture, particularly in the south of the country, in Ribatejo and in the lower Vouga River valley. However, not much is known about the adobe construction of classical buildings, such as palaces and others, as well the pathologies that exist in these buildings and the possible solutions for their rehabilitation. The erudite construction of adobe in Portugal is often associated with the Art Nouveau period. During this period, at the turning of the century, with the perfect use of steam traction and the good production of cast and rolled iron, new possibilities were created for the manufacture of manual adobe presses, as well for machines to manufacturing tiles, a covering material that was an effective protection of the adobe walls against the weather. This paper describes and illustrates a seigniorial house - Casal Francisco José -located in Valada, in the municipality of Cartaxo, which belongs to the Ribatejo region. The architectural characterization of the building is presented, highlighting aspects related to the Art Nouveau aesthetic and identifying the main construction features of this type of building.
Design and Realization of Landing–Moving Integrated Gear for Mobile Lunar Lander
Authors: Zhou Xianghua , Niu Cong , Jia Shan , Chen Jinbao , Devaev Vyacheslav Mikhailovich , Zhou Jinhua
Published: April 2024

For the needs of manned landing, station construction, and material transfer in future lunar exploration missions, the paper proposes a landing–moving integrated gear (LMIG) for mobile lunar lander (MLL), establishes and optimizes the models of cushioning energy-absorbing and movement planning, respectively, and conducts the prototype tests. First, the design requirements of LMIG are given, and the system composition of LMIG and the configuration design of each subsystem are introduced. Second, the effective energy-absorbing model of the aluminum honeycomb is established and experimentally verified, a three-stage aluminum honeycomb buffer is designed and experimentally verified, and the buffer mechanism of LMIG is verified by simulations under various landing conditions. Furthermore, the kinematic and dynamic models of LMIG are established, the moving gait is designed by the center of gravity trajectory planning method, and the driving trajectory during the stepping process is optimized with the goal of minimal jerk of motion. Finally, a cushioning test prototype and a walking test scaled prototype of LMIG are developed, and single leg drop test and ground walking test are carried out. The results show that the established model of LMIG is reasonable, the designed buffer and gait of LMIG are effective, the developed prototypes of LMIG have good cushioning and movement performance, the LMIG’s maximum value of overload acceleration is 6.5
g
, and the moving speed is 108 m/h, which meets the design requirements.