bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
35‐3: Modeling Eye Movement and Reflection in Virtual Environments for Eye Tracking
Authors: Wang ZhengYu , He Tao , Mei Guanghang , Zang Shunli , Wang ChaoHao , Zhao Lei , Zhou XiaoChen
Published: July 2024

Eye movement tracking plays a pivotal role in use interaction within Virtual Reality (VR) environments. Our research focuses on an advanced eye movement simulation using virtual environment for eye tracking training and eye tracking precision evaluating platform. We developed a real‐eye model, enhanced light refraction and corneal reflections under infrared LED light with eye rotation. Our study also customized screen,light source and cameras placement to capture eye images more faithfully. We also presents a noval testing methology and equipments of spatial accuracy testing of the eye‐tracking systems. The proposed proprietary eye‐tracking test system designed to recreate scenarios of human gaze and provide true values for eye gaze directions. Overall, the integration of Pupil Center Corneal Reflection (PCCR) based dataset generation and testing platform mark a significant advancement, enabling huge database, precise groudtruth training and accurate results testing.
37‐1: Invited Paper: Efficient Single‐layer Blue‐emitting OLEDs
Authors: Sachnik Oskar , Tan Xiao , Blom Paul W.M. , Wetzelaer Gert-Jan A.H.
Published: July 2024

For single‐layer OLEDs to achieve efficiencies approaching those of multilayer devices, balanced charge transport is a prerequisite. We demonstrate a single‐layer blue‐emitting OLED with unity internal quantum efficiency and an external quantum efficiency of 27.7% with minor roll‐off at high brightness. These findings lay the foundations for efficient solution‐processed OLEDs.
37‐2: Impact of Thermal Factors on Carrier Density in OLED under Low‐Voltage Condition
Authors: Jeon Sang Ho , Moon Jungmin , Park Jeongsu , Ko Yo Seoph , Kim Donghoon
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we explored the underlying mechanism behind the intriguing increase in current density at low voltage with a corresponding rise in temperature. We identified key parameters associated with this phenomenon and developed a suitable equation for quantitative prediction. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the injection of current into emission layer in the module can be accurately pre‐evaluated based on TEG device measurements. Our research results not only establish a theoretical framework for evaluating performance from TEG device development to the module state but also present the physical cause of temperature sensitivity in OLEDs.
40‐1: Development of the Auto Monitoring Method of Laser Beam Shape and Size by Employing the AI and Computer Vision Algorithm
Authors: Lim Sang-Hoon , Oh Youngjin , Yoo Kyung-Jin
Published: July 2024

The beam shape of the laser cut process to change the display shape is very important in the laser cutting quality, and the laser beam shape was measured by using the beam profiler as a measuring instrument. Since the beam profiler cannot be used due to damage caused by the high laser processing power used in mass production, the beam shape be managed that the sample was created by laser beam cross shot drawing on the material and it was manually measured by using a microscope. However, this method had problems with a long management period (measured once a month), a machine down for the measurement, the measurement deviation between engineers, and inability to manage history, so it was necessary to develop AI‐based shape automatic management technology. To solve this problem, an AI agent program with the AI technology to determine OK, NG of laser beam and the beam size measurement technology based on the image processing was developed and applied to the production line. Through this program, automatic management and history management of beam shape and size that was not possible with previous method have become possible. It was confirmed that the AI and image processing technologies developed through this study can be important technologies that can have a ripple effect on the development of other technologies.
41‐2: A Patterned Packaging Scheme of MiniLED Tiled Display with HighTransmittance and High Color Consistency in Light and Dark States
Authors: Li Jiao , Yang Zezhou , Sun Yuanhao , Sun Wenjia , Ma Ruoyu , Jin Liangliang , Gao Bo
Published: July 2024

Tiled display has gradually become the development direction of super large screen display. A high transmittance greater than 80% and visual consistency with ΔE>0.5 in off state and Δu′v′>0.004 between multiple modules in display state MiniLED tiled display packaging scheme was proposed in this paper. The LED on the display substrate was wrapped by the barrier and diffusion particles. In addition, the glass cover plate with stable OD BM pattern is pasted above the display substrate to achieve consistency of blackness between multiple modules, with diamond black effect. This scheme is of great significance to the development of tiled display technology.
42‐1: Artificial Retina‐Based Metaverse with Bionic Vision Processing
Authors: Hu Haiyang , Chen Chao Ping , Li Gang , Zou Seak Pang , Chu Qiang , Han Baoen
Published: July 2024

An artificial retina featuring bionic vision processing is presented as a paradigm shift of metaverse. The main contribution is to provide a methodology to better understand the human vision and to reproduce images along the visual pathway. Simulation results include retinal images, bilateral neural images, depth maps, etc.
44‐1: Top‐Emitting Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Rainbow Emission Color and Their Application in Anti‐Counterfeiting Recognition
Authors: Zhai Lujun , Li Qiliang , Chen Shuming
Published: July 2024

We have successfully developed an advanced and highly secure anti‐counterfeiting device based on quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). This novel device exhibits several key attributes, including affordability, non‐replicability, ease of detection, and exceptional security. By incorporating both electroluminescence and photoluminescence modes, our device offers versatility in satisfying different levels of anti‐counterfeiting needs. To enhance its security further, we have integrated physically unclonable functions (PUFs) and combined them with a pattern recognition system. This integration ensures the device's uniqueness and enables it to meet the most stringent anti‐counterfeiting requirements. The achieved results demonstrate the significant potential of our device in combating counterfeiting and safeguarding various industries.
44‐4: MicroLED Arrays as Light Source for Optical Sectioning‐SIM and Targeted Illumination Imaging
Authors: Kumar Vikrant , Saladrigas Catherine A. , Durnan Oliver , Speed Forest , Bright Victor M. , Restrepo Diego , Gibson Emily A. , Gopinath Juliet T. , Kymissis Ioannis
Published: July 2024

This work discusses microLED arrays as light sources for implementing optical sectioning structured illumination microscopy (OS‐SIM) and targeted illumination (TI) for neural imaging applications. We demonstrated a microstripe array to generate patterned light for OS‐SIM and an individually addressable 20 × 20 microLED array as a light source for implementing TI in a widefield imaging setup.
45‐4: Late‐News Paper: On the Determination of Ionization Potentials
Authors: Symalla Franz , Fediai Artem , Neumann Tobias , Strunk Timo
Published: July 2024

OLED device performance is intricately linked to microscopic processes influenced by molecular properties, creating a complex interdependence. Two key material properties in the design of balanced devices are ionization potential (IP) and electron affinities (EA). In this work we discuss how measured quantities relate to relevant energy levels in OLEDs. We present a simulation approach to compute IP and EA, benchmarked against experimental data, to shed light on the complexity of these properties. The thereby derived understanding has the potential to improve material alignment in OLED devices, ultimately improving efficiency.
47‐2: Invited Paper: Modulated Analog Driving and Evaluation of Image Quality
Authors: Henzen Alex , Rockoff Todd , Caulkins Will
Published: July 2024

Consumer demand for higher resolution, higher frame rate, and deeper color displays is driving the data rates of the connected video systems to the limits of affordability. At current high‐end displays, like 4K gaming at 360 Hz frame rate or 8K TV's at >120 Hz frame rate, conventional data transports require parallel data‐pairs plus equalization circuits to deliver the required video data. These accommodations increase cost, power and complexity.

HYPHY's revolutionary ‘modulated analog' (also referred to as “sampled Analog”) video transport is the solution to this impasse, demonstrably delivering 10X more video payload per “wire‐hertz” than traditional methods, delivering equal or better image quality.

To emphasize the advantages of this method, HYPHY has developed an image and video quality measurement method that demonstrates the image quality of Modulated Analog to be at least on par with traditional display driving.
47‐3: Novel Visually Lossless Display Interface Technique using Adaptive Sub‐color Optimization and DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform)
Authors: Kwon Yongchul , Park Dongwon , Cho Mingi , Kim Jinsung , Yang Joonyoung
Published: July 2024

A novel bandwidth‐reduced display interface technique using adaptive sub‐color optimization with DCT (AS‐DCT) has been proposed to be able to lower both implementation cost and power consumption with visually lossless image quality for high resolution display products. A DCT conversion is applied to 1‐D line pixel data, and 50% of the redundant data has been compressed adaptively based on both sub‐color priority and the distribution of AC data components. A PSNR of about 45.86dB level was achieved for a given set of test images, and it was implemented using RTL coding in a FPGA to verify image quality and logic size level on an actual display system. Through the proposed technique, it is expected that it can easily reduce display data bandwidth without latency and lower its implementation cost for future display devices, such as 8K/16K resolutions, 240Hz/480Hz refresh rates, immersive AR/VR, Light field displays and beyond.
48‐2: Research on Mechanical Simulation of Flexible AMOLED Module Bottom Frame
Authors: Liang Meiqiang , Gu Chunxiao , Gai Cuili , Xie Hongjun , Ding Liwei
Published: July 2024

With the development of science and technology and consumers' pursuit of high screen ratio, the frame of terminal flagship products has become an important research direction. However, the thinner the bottom frame is, the higher probability of metal wire breakage in bending area. In this paper, we use finite element analysis to simulate the whole bending process of bottom frame, study the influence of bending path, indenter displacement, bending radius and buffer zone on metal wire, summarize the failure mechanism, which provides theoretical basis for fault analysis, stacking structure design and smaller radius design.
49‐5: Invited Paper: Innovative Systems Approach to Reduce Power for High‐Bright LCD Digital Signage
Authors: Williams Paul , Wu Brenda
Published: July 2024

Sustainability is not just a buzzword, but a real and increasing requirement for outdoor advertisers, media companies and network operators. This paper describes a systems approach to make incremental efficiency improvements to components of large‐format, high‐bright LCD displays. The result is a quantum leap in LCD power efficiency, creating a low‐power LCD display system that consumes only 1/3 to 1/2 the power of conventional high‐bright LCDs in the 55”‐86” range. The result is not only lower power, but also reduced heat, longer life, and little or no compromises in optical quality or cost.
50‐1: Invited Paper: Flexible Imager with Organic Photodetector for Sensing Applications
Authors: Yokota Tomoyuki , Dongkai Cheng , Wang Haoyang , Someya Takao
Published: July 2024

We developed a flexible imager comprising low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors and organic photodiodes. The developed flexible imager has high‐resolution and high‐speed readout characteristics. Owing to these characteristics, pulse wave signals can be measured, and the images of fingerprints and veins can be obtained. Furthermore, we developed three‐axis tactile pressure sensors by integrating flexible optical components. The sensors can detect both normal and tangential pressures.
53‐4: Boosting the Performance of Phosphor‐Assisted Fluorescence Devices by Fine‐Tuning the Peripheral Groups of Multi‐Resonance Fluorescent Dopants
Authors: Cai Minghan , Li Guomeng , Li Baoyu , Zhang Yuewei , Wang Hongyu , Huang Genmao , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian , Zhu Xiujian , Song Wonjun
Published: July 2024

In this article, we demonstrate that, by appropriately introducing inert substituents at the periphery of multi‐resonance fluorescent dye, charge trapping introduced by fluorescent dyes can be significantly inhibited in phosphor‐assisted fluorescence devices, and the energy transfer from assisted phosphor to fluorescent dyes can also be more efficient.
54‐3: Design and Evaluation of Under Display Camera for Face ID
Authors: Fang Fei , Shi Ling , Shi Bo , Zhou Weifeng , Wang Dawei , Hu Ming , Qiu Haijun
Published: July 2024

6.55 inch Under Display Camera (UDC) for two 4mm * 14mm face ID sensors was proposed. TFT inside method was adopted to face ID area where the transmittance at 940nm up to 34.4%. The full screen maintain 400PPI and the IR light have nearly no influence on face ID area.
56‐3: On‐Cell Plus: A New Touch Display Module
Authors: Chen Yu-Tung , Hsu Ching-Wei , Chen Neal
Published: July 2024

"On‐Cell Plus", is designed by setting the same size of active area (AA) of the touch sensor and display, and then uses random mesh pattern to prevent moiré issues. Accordingly, the touch sensor and display cell can be designed and produced independently and demonstrate better touch sensitivity.
58‐4: Late‐News Paper: Dynamic MTF Measurements of Gaming Monitors
Authors: Masaoka Kenichiro , Bergquist Johan
Published: July 2024

Recent gaming monitors claim high refresh rates of ≥240 Hz with response times ≤1 ms. However, these temporal metrics do not clearly reveal their true spatiotemporal resolution, which depends on the velocity at which the images are displayed. This is the first study to demonstrate the line‐based dynamic modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement method for comparing the performances of different gaming monitors. A single line was scrolled on the monitors, and a small region of the screen was captured with a high‐speed camera during one display refresh period. The dynamic MTF results elucidate the dependence of spatiotemporal resolution characteristics on the scroll speed, refresh rate, and response time of the monitors.
61‐3: Distinguished Paper: Realization of an Organic Semiconductor Electroluminescent Device with High Directionality and Color Purity
Authors: Auffray M. , Mikaeili A. , Mohammed A. , Fukuta T. , Yoshizumi T. , Ishidai H. , Tsukiji K. , Fukunaga Y. , Bencheikh F.
Published: July 2024

We are introducing an innovative organic semiconductor electroluminescent device capable of emitting light with unprecedented characteristics: high directionality (divergence angle of 1.1Â°) and high color purity (full width at half‐maximum of 2.5 nm). This achievement was realized through intricate design techniques aimed at enhancing gain via meticulous recombination zone control, complemented by the reduction of losses through minimizing the overlap of the optical mode with the electrodes. These groundbreaking results mark the world's first demonstration of simultaneously achieving a narrow spectrum and superior directionality in an organic electroluminescent device.
62‐3: Glassless AR Display in Real Space Using Aerial Imaging
Authors: Takiyama Kazuaki , Nishiyama Takeru , Suyama Shiro , Yamamoto Hirotsugu
Published: July 2024

We propose a glassless AR display that fuses real and virtual images by forming aerial images from real objects using aerial imaging. The proposed optical system can increase the size of the optical system, form aerial images with a high sharpness, and form images underwater. Combined with a motion sensor, it can be used as a non‐contact user interface. The proposed optical system is expected to be a new display design as an AR display that does not require special glasses.
64‐2: The Effect of Poly Silicon Grain Boundary Reduction on LTPS Devices and Display Effects Applied to Flexible AMOLED
Authors: Meng Bing , Shen Ying , Lee Edward , Zhang Huanhuan , Xi Wangfeng , Zhang Min , Tang Jianbo , Zhu Xiujian , Xu Weiqi , Li Junfeng , Xing Rubo
Published: July 2024

Low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin‐film transistor devices can be used as core components of pixel driving circuits for active matrix organic light‐emitting displays （AMOLED）. Poly silicon (P‐Si) film and device performance directly affects the display effect. This paper investigates polysilicon grain boundary reduction for LTPS devices on PI substrates, exploring the effects of grain boundary reduction on LTPS devices and image sticking. Reduction of polysilicon grain boundaries through optimization of a‐Si deposition process, a‐Si two‐step deposition and excimer laser annealing (ELA) doublescan process, ELA double‐scan process reduces grain boundaries by 67 %. We prepared LTPS devices with thinner gate interlayers (GI) based on P‐Si grain boundary reduction, LTPS devices with positive threshold voltage bias and increased mobility, AMOLED displays with thinner GI can have 23% better image sticking.
67‐4: Late‐News Paper: A New Semi‐transparent OLED‐on‐Silicon Microdisplay Technology Enabling New Optical Design Opportunities for Slim Near‐to‐Eye Optics
Authors: Wartenberg Philipp , Richter Bernd , Brenner Stephan , Zeltner Johannes , Schmidt Christian , Baumgarten Judith , Fritscher Andreas , Rolle Martin , Vogel Uwe
Published: July 2024

Due to their very high resolution and high level of technological maturity, OLED microdisplays are an ideal image generator for VR, AR and MR applications in near‐to‐eye optics. However, due to the silicon‐based backplane, these microdisplays have always been non‐transparent, requiring a complex optical system for integration into an optic. This has a significant impact on the weight, size and overall optical efficiency of the system. In this paper, a novel technology for the realization of semi‐transparent OLED‐on‐silicon microdisplays is presented, which enables completely new optical concepts for near‐to‐eye optics.
68‐3: Distinguished Paper: A 4.7 inch 650 PPI AM‐QLED Display Prepared by Direct Photolithography
Authors: Zhang Di , Li Zhuo , Lu Shaoyong , Li Dong , Chen Zhuo , Li Yanzhao , Li Xinguo , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: July 2024

In this work, efficient QD‐photosensitive ligand system were designed. By direct photolithography, RGB pixel arrays with a single sub‐pixel size of 39 um × 5 um were successfully prepared on patterned PM substrates. While illuminated separately, there were no residual QD emission peaks from neighbor sub‐pixel in electroluminescence spectra. Experience on the PM substrate guided the successful preparation of a 4.7‐inch 650 ppi AM‐QLED display. This was the first AM‐QLED prototype prepared by direct lithography.
70‐3: Wide Field of View Flat Panel Light Field Display
Authors: Hou Hsin-You , Chen Cheng-Huan
Published: July 2024

Light field displays enable viewers to perceive true three‐dimensional (3D) images with the naked eye. A wide viewing angle would provide a more comfortable viewing condition and the possibility for multiple users. However, there is typically a trade‐off between the form factor and the viewing angle. Based on the previously developed lenticular‐type flat panel light field display, this paper proposes the use of an isolated micro lens array (i‐MLA) in conjunction with an extended coding pitch algorithm to address crosstalk issues. This solution not only reduces the constraints on the minimum viewing distance but also expands the field of view, all without increasing the thickness of the display panel.
70‐4: Late‐News Paper: Integral 3D Display Using 2D Image Time‐Division Multiplexing and Eye‐Tracking Technologies
Authors: Watanabe Hayato , Okaichi Naoto , Kano Masanori , Sasaki Hisayuki , Arai Jun
Published: July 2024

We propose an integral three‐dimensional (3D) display method using time‐division multiplexing and eye‐tracking technologies to enhance the maximum pixel density and viewing zone angle of 3D images. We prototyped a display system and confirmed that 3D images with high pixel density and wide viewing zone angle can be displayed.
77‐3: Power‐Efficient and High‐Color‐Gamut RGBY AMOLED Displays
Authors: So Woo-Young , Hack Mike , Margulies Eric , Weaver Michael S. , Brown Julie J.
Published: July 2024

We present a novel four color sub‐pixel active matrix organic light emitting Device (AMOLED) display that uses only three OLED depositions while enabling very high color gamut with greatly reduced power consumption. Achieving 90% of Rec. 2020 color standard, power consumption is reduced by 39% compared to that of a conventional RGB side‐by‐side top emission (TE) pixel architecture.
78‐4: Invited Paper: Defining and Characterizing Programmatic Image Sequences for Multi‐Disciplinary Applications
Authors: Friedrich Florian , Kunkel Timo
Published: July 2024

In the evolving domain of High Dynamic Range (HDR) display metrology, the precise definition and systematic characterization of input signals is important. Using input signals that include both spatially and temporally complex image sequences is beneficial to reflect properties of real‐world content as well as to cover corner cases. One challenge with using this kind of content is to verify if it is indeed suitable for the intended purpose. This paper introduces an automated framework employing a set of statistical measures to define and characterize content, which then can serve as an important steppingstone towards programmatic image sequences and testing workflows.
81‐2: Automotive OLED Life Extension Utilizing Automatic Luminance Control
Authors: Weindorf Paul , Cong Duy Le , Hayden Brian
Published: July 2024

Understanding OLED life characteristics is crucial towards implementation of OLED technology into automotive applications. The use of the Arrhenius equation together with the Inverse Power Law may be utilized to estimate the improvement in OLED life when automatic luminance control methods are utilized.
84‐1: Invited Paper: Flexible Transparent Micro‐LED Array for Applications in Display and Visible Light Communication
Authors: Lin Runze , Shan Xinyi , Shen Daqi , Cui Xugao , Tian Pengfei
Published: July 2024

In this work, based on transfer printing technology, planar integration of RGB InGaN‐based micro‐LEDs on flexible transparent material was realized. By measuring the optoelectronic parameters, we demonstrated the feasibility of this integrated device in full‐color display applications. In addition, based on the on‐off keying modulation and wavelength division multiplexing, visible light communication in parallel channels can be achieved. Relevant studies have demonstrated the broad prospects of InGaN‐based micro‐LED devices in multifunctional flexible integrated optoelectronics applications.
85‐1: Invited Paper: A Novel OLED Material Discovery based on AI Technology
Authors: Kim Hoilim , Kim Seran , Yoo Dongsun , Kim Gyeounghun , Koh Eunkyung , Kim Jihye , Park Saerom , Kim Sohae , Shin Hyosup , Cho Hyunguk , Baek Seungin
Published: July 2024

We report a novel OLED material discovery process and several applications based on AI technology. This process in which six AI modules that generate molecular structures with active learning algorithm, predict multiple properties, analyze novelty, predict synthetic scheme, predict relative synthesizability and predict device characteristics are linked one after another. Also, we introduce some cases in which materials designed by this process were actually synthesized and applied to devices for evaluation to confirm the improvement of characteristics.
88‐2: The Characteristics Analysis for Laser Cutting Process of Multilayers Display Panels
Authors: Oh Youngjin , Im Hee-Cheol , Kim Jinhyeong , Kang Hoyun , Pyun Jaejin , Park Taehee , Park Sangpil , Kang Kuhyun , Leem Gihan
Published: July 2024

In this study, we analyzed the laser cutting characteristics of pulse transverse electrical discharge in gas at atmospheric pressure (TEA) CO2 and ultraviolet (UV) pulse laser processing in a multilayer display panels. First, the numerical calculation for was performed to confirm the thermal characteristics of each materials and optical field distribution at the interface of different material layers. Also, processing characteristics were experimentally confirmed by measuring cutting profile and adhesion characteristics of layer interface. Experimental results show that the characteristics of multi layers polymer cutting have different trend from those in a single‐layer because of the optical and thermal properties of each layer. In particular, the interface of layers had a substantial affect due to optical field distributions and thermal characteristic difference. Also, the optical absorbance of layers affect adhesion at the interface. The result suggests proper processing condition to enhance the laser ablation processing quality of multilayer display panel. In conclusion, understanding the characteristics of multilayer laser cutting processing is important for determining the optimal conditions for display panel micromachining and enhancing the quality of laser cutting for the cutting edge technology.
88‐3: Fast Selective Laser‐Induced Etching and Asymmetric 3D Hologram Laser Beam for Narrow Bezel Thin Display †
Authors: Kim Hyungsik , Kim Jeongho , Mishchik Konstantin , Jang Seunghoon , Hwang Seyeon , Lee Kisang , Jung Woohyun , You Junghwa , Ryu Jekil , Jeong Seongho , Roh Cheollae
Published: July 2024

Here we demonstrate fast selective laser‐induced etching (SLE) process with three‐dimensional (3D) hologram optics to reduce display bezel thickness with cost effective methods. To apply fast SLE for display manufacturing, one‐side etching process should be presumed to protect display active area. We developed one‐side selective laser‐induced etching with asymmetric 3D hologram laser beam satisfying with commercial mechanical strength. Faster etch process having etch rate 10 µm/min than common SLE, 1~3 µm/min was developed. Furthermore, we achieve that bezel thickness is 100 µm shorter than wheel scribing and CNC grinding.
90‐4: Field Sequential Color Micro‐LCD Enabling High‐resolution Light Field Displays
Authors: Qin Zong , Wang Qimeng , Li Yutong , Ma Changwen , Zhang Zhou , Wu Yu , Zha Guowei , Wang Zeyu , Cheng Yunfan , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: July 2024

We report a light field display using a field sequential color (FSC) LCD based on mini‐LEDs. A newly designed panel with fast response triples the resolution by removing color filters. The color breakup is addressed by a deep learning‐based real‐time 3‐field driving method. Also, an elemental image rendering algorithm with extremely light computations is proposed.
91‐5: Late‐News Paper: The MicroAssembler: Deterministic Fluidic Assembly for Manufacturing MicroLED Displays
Authors: Raychaudhuri Sourobh , Butylkov Sergey , Crawford Lara S. , Rupp Bradley , Maeda Patrick , Gallelli Matt , Chow Eugene M. , Lu JengPing
Published: July 2024

We are developing a deterministic fluidic assembly process which uses software to sense, sort and assemble micron‐scale devices into desired patterns. This process can be adapted to assemble large numbers of microLEDs (uLEDs) over large areas with high throughput and nearly perfect yield. We present data demonstrating the precision and reliability of the process to illustrate its potential as a scalable process for manufacturing uLED displays.
92‐5: Late‐News Paper: Development of a Full‐Color MicroLED Display Utilizing Novel Simultaneous Transfer and Bonding (SITRAB) Process and SITRAB Film Technology
Authors: Joo Jiho , Choi Gwang-Mun , Shin Jungho , Lee Chanmi , Eom Yong-Sung , Jang Ki-Seok , Oh Jin-hyuk , Jung Ji-Eun , Lee Ga-Eun , Choi Kwang-Seong
Published: July 2024

In this study, we introduce the world's first development of a full‐color micro‐LED display utilizing a Simultaneous Transfer and Bonding (SITRAB) process and a novel SITRAB film. Developed micro‐LED display involves R/G/B micro‐LED chips measuring 35 × 20 µm 2, arranged into a display resolution of 32 × 32, with a pixel pitch of 324 µm and a subpixel pitch of 50 µm. The micro‐LED display utilizes a glass substrate and aluminum wiring. A key innovation in our process is the use of indium solder for low‐temperature bonding, significantly enhancing the assembly process's efficiency and reliability. The SITRAB film, a specially developed material by ourselves, removes the surface oxide of indium solders, facilitating effective bonding between the micro‐LEDs and the display electrodes. Post‐curing of this SITRAB film further enhances the shear strength of the micro‐LEDs. An average shear strength of approximately 5.45 gf (about 32 MPa), significantly surpassing the tensile strength of indium. These advancements not only demonstrate the feasibility of the SITRAB process and the new film material in creating high‐quality micro‐LED displays but also significantly boost the reliability of these displays.
93‐3: Kerfed Pillar Platform for Deformable Double Curvature Display
Authors: Chang Jaehyeock , Kim Hagseon , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: July 2024

A kerfed pillar platform is proposed for deformable double curvature displays, which is designed for a smooth transition between 2D and complex 3D shapes, like spheres and saddles, while maintaining structural integrity. The kerfs modify flexible substrate into the pillar‐island structure, which enhances substrate compressibility, preventing crumpling during 3D curve transformation. It exemplifies controlled deformation, adhering to the superposition principle, and enabling diverse display configurations. The proposed structure provides a new approach for next‐generation display applied for human‐machine interface and architectural design, advancing dynamic, free‐form displays.
P‐9: Integrated Ambipolar a‐Si TFT with Active Pixel Sensing Array Applied for Ambient Color Temperature and UV Sensing
Authors: Yuan Yi‐Cheng , Tai Ya‐Hsiang , Tsai Hsu‐En , Tang Yu‐Ying , Lai Chih‐Chang , Lin Ching‐Chun , Chung Yi‐Ting , Peng Chih
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we integrate ambipolar a‐Si TFT with an active sensing pixel array for ambient color temperature and UV light intensity estimation. The algorithm calculates color temperature using RGBW data, while UV intensity is estimated using effective UV‐blocking ITO glass. Experimental results confirm the system is suitable for multicolor sensing across diverse applications.
P‐38: The Influence of Parallax and Shape Type Factors on the Perception of AR Equipment in Dark Environment
Authors: Xia Huiqiang , Tu Yan , Wang Lili
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the influence of parallax and image shape type on stereo vision perception is quantitatively explored by using RDS stimuli based on AR equipment through subjective scoring. Results show that an angular parallax amplitude between 0.6 ° and 1.2 ° can bring the best stereo sense. When amplitude ranged between 0 ° and 1.2°, the best visual comfort and the fastest image fusion speed could be achieved.
P‐39: Simulation of Perceived Motion Blur on 480Hz OLED Monitor
Authors: Yang ChangMo , Lim Kyongho , Park Tae-Yong
Published: July 2024

Refresh rate is an important specification for gaming OLED monitors. With the development of the gaming industry and the graphics processing unit (GPU), the demand for gaming monitors that supporting high refresh rates is increasing. In this paper, simulation methods for perceived motion blur are proposed to predict the degree of blur according to the refresh rate. Experimental results indicate that the proposed simulation methods are quite effective in predicting the degree of motion blur. In addition, this paper presents the predicted results of blur as the refresh rate increases up to 480Hz.
P‐53: Analysis of dead pixel origins and potential defect prediction using machine learning with tabular data
Authors: Han Jun Hee , Jeong Yoonseob , Chun Minkyu , Yoon Sang Won , Choi Jeong-Hyeon , Choi Young Jun , Kim Young Mi , Jung Sang Hoon , Yang Joon-Young , Yoon Sooyoung
Published: July 2024

Producing defect‐free products is one of the essential tasks of a manufacturing company. In this paper, the causes of dead pixels are analyzed and the coordinates of dead pixels are predicted using machine learning to solve problems of dead pixels. Unlike the existing method of analyzing defects using images, tabular data where each element contains significance were used, and detailed description of suggested models are depicted. Experiments ensured the consistency of the proposed method.
P‐234: Late‐News Poster: A Data‐Centric Approach to Minimize Defect Leakage in an AI‐based Automated Surface Inspection System for Display Manufacturing Process
Authors: Kim Seung-Gi , Jo SungHoon , Kim HanEol , Yoo DongGon
Published: July 2024

This study advances Surface Inspection (SI) in display panel manufacturing using a data‐centric approach, addressing high gray zone rates and data discrepancies. We employed a data flywheel method with dual labeling to improve dataset quality. Results show expanded automated coverage and enhanced classification, reducing defect leakage, demonstrating AI's impact in smart manufacturing processes.
P‐102: Measurement of Inkjet Droplet Volume based on Fraunhofer Diffraction
Authors: Shin Dong Yeol , Moon Yoon Jae , Kim Jun Young , Kang Kyung-Tae
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the feasibility of Fraunhofer diffraction analysis as a measure of the size of fast‐moving inkjet droplets. This measurement method showed that an inkjet droplet measurement tool was possible with a good balance of real‐time measurement and accuracy.
P‐103: Ultra Fine Drop Volume Measurement Technic using Chromatic Confocal Sensor(CCS) for Quantum Dot Inkjet Printing Process
Authors: Pahk Jae Bum , Yu Konta , Kim Lae Ho , Huh Myung Soo , Roh Cheol Lae
Published: July 2024

In this study, ultra fine drop (<10pl) volume measurement technics were developed using chromatic confocal sensor(CCS). A printing pattern was printed on the substrate by printing equipment, and each sensor measures the height of the drop surface and by integrating them, the drop volume could be determined. To evaluate its performance, measurement accuracy, and the repeatability was determined. The measurement accuracy can be obtained by comparing the same drop volume measured by the confocal microscope. For the measurement repeatability, the same drop volume was measured for several times and its maximum and minimum value was used to determine. As a result, CCS showed a good measurement performance with measurement accuracy of more than 0.90 (R 2 in least square) and measurement repeatability of over 0.95.
P‐237: Late‐News Poster: Advanced Technology for Circular Reutilization of High‐Value Materials from Discarded LCD Panels through Non‐Destructive Disassembly Processes
Authors: Hsu Tsung-Chou , Lu Chien-Wei
Published: July 2024

The global electronics industry generates one billion large display panels annually, accumulating half a million metric tons of electronic waste. Stringent regulations demand a 70% recycling rate since 2018. Conventional disposal methods lead to material amalgamation, escalating landfill costs and environmental pollution. To overcome this, our study pioneers a non‐destructive technology for efficient and eco‐friendly recycling of high‐value materials from LCD panels, aiming to reassemble fully functional panels for economic and environmental benefits.
P‐122: Dependence of Aerial image quality on Display parameters in aerial Display system
Authors: Ye Xinlin , Zhang Guiyang , He Rui , Zha Guowei , Yuan Jianfeng
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we report the relationship between the imaging spatial resolution and display parameters of the AIRR (aerial imaging by retro‐reflection) system, which we constructed using displays of different brightness, luminance spatial distribution and pixel pitch, respectively, and a line‐pair MTF‐based measurement method is applied to the system. The MTF measurement results show that the spatial resolution depends on the display pixel period size, luminance intensity and luminance spatial distribution.
P‐244: Late‐News Poster: Flexible mini‐LED Backplane with Laminated QDF for Optimized Illuminating
Authors: Ou Chung-Jen , Chuang Ching-Nan , Lin Yen-Ni , Liu Shih-Yuan , Wang Wen-Chun
Published: July 2024

To fulfill the criteria for a lightweight portable device, this report introduces a skin‐friendly flexible backplane featuring laminated Quantum Dot film. Report details the mechanical and optical performance of this backplane and discusses its applicability on curved surfaces, making it suitable for XR and wearable displays.
P‐135: Towards Passing the Visual Turing Test with Field of Light Displays
Authors: Wells Nicholas , Soares Amilcar , Hamilton Matthew
Published: July 2024

Field of Light Displays (FoLDs) promise to allow further increases in realism beyond the limits of conventional 2D displays. While the question of how a conventional display can match the limits of the human visual system has been answered, the same question applied to FoLDs has been given much less attention. In this work, we review a recent acuity‐limited viewer model of resolution at depth for a FoLD display. We validate this model using display simulation. We discuss how this model gives less conservative resolution guidelines than previous models, presenting resolution requirements for passing the visual Turing test.
P‐140: The Miniaturization of InGaN/GaN Micro‐LEDs for Micro‐Displays – Size Effects, Frequency Dispersion and Compact Modeling
Authors: Gong Yujia , Zhang Liang , Lin Pujian , Yuan Ze , Peng Lian-Mao , Kang Jiahao
Published: July 2024

InGaN/GaN green micro‐light‐emitting diode (micro‐LED, μLED) arrays with varying device sizes down to 4 μm are fabricated and characterized. The size effects on current‐voltage and capacitance‐voltage characteristics are analyzed showing minimal sidewall effects only at low bias. The influence of pulse modulation frequency on luminance is also characterized and the effect of diode negative capacitance is discussed. Subsequently, a universal and comprehensive compact model for μLEDs are built based on these findings, which covers the capacitance frequency dispersion and size scaling effects. This work reveals the significance of frequency in the display driving strategy and provides design enablement for μLED micro‐display applications including augmented/mixed reality (AR/MR).
P‐144: High efficiency MIP with external DBR package
Authors: Fan Qi , Zhao Jiawei , Li Xueqiao , Ma Junjie , Jia Lili
Published: July 2024

In this work, we design a new type of MIP(Micro LED in Package) chips which have higher LEE(Light Extraction Efficiency) by adding an external DBR(Distributed Bragg Reflector) so that the EQE (External Quantum Efficiency) of the MIP is increased. Such MIP chips provide a new choice for Mini LED display with high brightness and low power consumption.
P‐160: Improving MicroLED efficiency by p‐contract optimization
Authors: Qian Yizhou , Hsiang En-Lin , Huang Yu-Hsin , Lin Kuan-Heng , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: July 2024

Blue InGaN/GaN CPC microLED with metallic sidewall can achieve a higher efficiency based on the dipole cloud model in FDTD and electrical model in TCAD. By merely optimizing the p‐GaN contact size, the EQE is improved by 8.7%. Such method helps to achieve high brightness with a lower power consumption.
P‐261: Late‐News Poster: Highly Efficient Color Conversion Layers Using Organic Nano‐dots
Authors: Ansari Rasheeda , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: July 2024

In this study, we report color conversion layers (CCLs) developed by new organic nano‐dots (ONDs). These ONDs, comprised of organic fluorescent materials and surfactant molecules, offer unique advantages such as tunable optical properties, high (100%) photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), and narrow (25‐35 nm) full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM). Compared to the inorganic (InP) reference CCLs, OND CCLs exhibit almost double (80‐85%) color conversion efficiencies with good photo and thermal stability.
P‐169: Study on the Behavior of Adhesive Cohesive Properties According to Cyclic Test of Foldable Products
Authors: Jeong SeongYun , Lee Seon Hyeon , Shin Jae Won , Lee Yun Mi
Published: July 2024

In foldable display products, an adhesive is affected by the fatigue delamination force. F‐d curve and Gc value of dynamic and static test do not exhibit a significant difference, but microbubbles are observed in dynamic folding. In this study, the fatigue delamination of adhesive in real user scene is investigated and its measurement methodology is constructed.
P‐175: Quantitative Analysis of LCD Motion Ghosting Based on Visual Perception Model
Authors: Qin Qiqi , Tang Geyu , Lin Yuecu , Zheng Weiwei
Published: July 2024

In order to analyze the motion ghosting phenomenon on liqu id crystal displays (LCDs), a motion block artifact simulation model based on response time (RT) curves is established usin g human visual perception theory. By calculating the brightn ess integral, the presence and degree of the Rebound pheno menon are quantified. Furthermore, based on the quantified changes in RT curves at different frames, the mechanism of Rebound generation is analyzed and improvement measures a re proposed.
P‐177: Effect of metal BM as inducer electrode in liquid crystal display
Authors: ChengWei  , Wuyunfei  , Marong  , Cooper  , LizhiFu
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we propose a simulation method to evaluate the transmittance and response time when using metal BM in the Virtual Reality display. The influence of pixel design, the voltage of metal BM ; LC type are discussed in detail. Distinguishing the contribution of the above factors on display can further pave the way to Tr improvement of LCD‐based VR application.
P‐182: XPS Mechanical Simulation Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Li Shaohui , Shu Shi , Yao Qi , Liu Xinhua , Yu Yong , Yue Yang , Xu Chuanxiang , Li Xiang , Xue Jinxiang , Xue Dapeng , Xie Changhan
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the XPS mechanical model based on finite element method is established to accurately evaluate the XPS deformation quantity, which provides guidance for evaluating the product's anti‐pressure ability, improving the strength of cell gap and reducing the risk of gap Mura.
P‐196: Control of the Molecular Orientation in EML Using Substrate Temperature for Improving the Electro‐Optical Characteristics and Lifetime
Authors: Lee Chang-Hee , Kim Shin-Han , Yi Yeonjin , Lee Jeong-Hwan , Lee Gi-Dong
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we controlled the molecular alignment property of the EML layer in horizontal direction by changing the substrate temperature (Tsub) during deposition at ‐4, 20, and 40 °C and observed the effect of molecular orientation characteristics of the EML on the electro‐optical characteristics and the lifetime of OLED devices. The color property of the devices fabricated in different Tsub show same properties, but the optical performance of the cells fabricated at ‐4 °C was better than those fabricated at high temperatures as we expected due to the horizontal component of the molecular orientation. In particular, as for the lifetime of the cell, we observed over 4 times longer lifetime of the cell fabricated at ‐4 °C than the cell fabricated at 40 °C. To analyze the cause of the increase in lifetime, we also observed the surface roughness and grain boundary of the EML fabricated in each Tsub conditions. In addition, more detail data including binding energies between the molecule and deformation data using major molecule weight are also presented either. As a result, we confirm that the Tsub during deposition strongly affects to the molecular anisotropy factor and we can improve the electro‐optical and lifetime performance of the OLED cell through low Tsub.
P‐200: N‐type Host Derived from Phenyl‐Triazine Moiety for Low Driving Voltage in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hyun Young Jun , Han Seung Won , Lee Dong Chan , Sun Jin Won , Chu Chang Woong , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: July 2024

For commercialization of blue phosphorescent OLED, it is desirable to satisfy low driving voltage, high efficiency, and long device lifetime at the same time. In this work, we developed a new phenyl‐triazine type based PTHN‐2 host with oxasiline functional group by applying a novel molecular design strategy that modulates intermolecular distance and electron mobility. The PTNH‐2 host was compared with PTNH‐1 host with tetraphenylsilane functional group instead of oxasiline functional group. The fabricated blue phosphorescent OLEDs with PTNH‐2 as the N type host showed the driving voltage of 4.1 V and the external quantum efficiency of 22.0% relative to driving voltage of 4.5 V and external quantum efficiency of 18.3% collected from PTNH‐1 based blue phosphorescent OLED. Additionally, the device lifetime of the blue phosphorescent OLEDs was extended by more than 100% by replacing PTNH‐1 host with PTNH‐2 host. The driving voltage, quantum efficiency, device lifetime, and power efficiency of the blue phosphorescent OLEDs were dramatically improved by employing the PTNH‐2 host.
P‐202: Improvement of the Difference in Light Output from both sides of Dual Emission OLEDs
Authors: chen Kai , Liu Qiang , Liu Junwei , Zhang Min , Zhang Huanhuan , Liu Xiang , Xing Rubo , Li Junfeng
Published: July 2024

The advantages of utilizing dual emission display in relation to information interaction and customized display have been widely acknowledged. Organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) are an effective solution for future dual emission displays, however, the influence of electrode materials and device structure results in significant differences in the optical performance on both sides. Here, we adjust the optical microcavity effect to balance the light output from both sides so that the top and bottom of the display can be seen with the same brightness and chromaticity. The structure of an OLED for dual emission display has been fabricated.
P‐211: Double Capping Layers Technology For Transparent OLED Display
Authors: Liu Qiang , Liu Junwei , Yan Zhimin , Chen Kai , Zhang Ming , Zhang Huanhuan , Liu Xiang , Xing Rubo , Li Junfeng
Published: July 2024

With its enhanced display and innovative digital experience, transparent display has gradually penetrated in the fields of culture and education, transportation, and business, and has become one of the important development directions of the next generation display product form. However, in order to improve the transmittance of transparent OLED displays, the scheme of reducing the opening rate is usually used, resulting in decrease in the brightness of the screen; Due to the removal of the polarizer, the reflectivity of the screen further increases. In addition, due to the color properties of the screen material, the display cannot be integrated with the environment very well. In this paper, a double Capping layer (CPL) structure is mentioned. which can increase the brightness of transparent OLED by 10% and reduce the reflectivity by 10% at the same time. The transmission subpixel scheme is proposed. The combination of CPL thickness and transmission sub‐pixel area can realize the integration of screen and environment very well.
P‐255: Late‐News Poster: Comparison between Conventional Current Density‐Voltage‐Luminance (JVL) and Displacement Current‐JVL (DC‐JVL) Measurements for OLEDs
Authors: Inoue Masaru , Mizusaki Masanobu , Murata Hideyuki
Published: July 2024

We propose the simultaneous measurement of a displacement current and current density‐voltage‐luminance (DC‐JVL). We measured RGB OLED samples and obtained differences between onset voltages of current increase and emission voltages in low current density regions. We also confirmed that the DC‐JVL has higher sensitivity than the conventional JVL from the measurement of current efficiency vs. current density characteristics.