bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Size Modification of Optically Active Contamination‐Free Silicon Nanoparticles with Paramagnetic Defects by Their Fast Synthesis and Dissolution
Authors: Ryabchikov Yury V.
Published: November 2018

Contamination‐free silicon‐based nanoparticles (NPs) with several modalities are developed in this work. They are formed by non‐toxic laser‐assisted decomposition of silicon microgranules homogeneously dispersed in deionized water. Precise control of numerous experimental parameters allows repeatable fine tuning of nanoparticle size solving significant lacks of a direct laser ablation routine. Such a method provokes a huge amount of paramagnetic defect states of optically active silicon NPs that can serve as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance and nonlinear optical imaging. Perspectives of their bioapplication are driven by detected their fast size degradation in a NaCl‐based medium.
Flexible Cube Tilt Lattice with Anisotropic Cosserat Effects and Negative Poisson's Ratio
Authors: Rueger Zach , Ha Chan Soo , Lakes Roderic S.
Published: November 2018

A 3D lattice structure consisting of pivoting cubes with flexible links at the corners is presented. It exhibits anisotropic negative Poisson's ratio −0.54 and −0.75. Size effects occur in torsion and bending; these effects are consistent with Cosserat elasticity but not with classical elasticity. Cosserat elastic solids exhibit sensitivity to strain gradients; size effects occur in torsion and bending; also reduction in stress concentrations. The observed Cosserat effects also reveal anisotropy.
Effects of the Number of Bromine Substitution on Photovoltaic Efficiency and Energy Loss of Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]diselenophene‐based Narrow‐Bandgap Multibrominated Nonfullerene Acceptors
Authors: Wan Shi‐Sheng , Chang Chunmei , Wang Jin‐Liang , Yuan Gui‐Zhou , Wu Qing , Zhang Maojie , Li Yongfang
Published: November 2018

In this work, three near‐infrared (NIR) absorption nonfullerene small‐molecule acceptors (NF‐SMAs) (BDSeIC, BDSeIC2Br, and BDSeIC4Br) based on a fused benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]diselenophene unit as the electron‐rich central core and 2‐(2,3‐dihydro‐3‐oxo‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)propanedinitrile (INCN) without or with one or two bromine substituents as the electron‐deficient group have been synthesized for polymer solar cells. Compared to BDSeIC without bromine substitution, these multibrominated materials BDSeIC2Br and BDSeIC4Br exhibit lower energy levels, stronger absorption in the range of 500–900 nm, better crystalline quality, and enhanced electron mobility. The optimal BDSeIC2Br‐based devices with PM6 as the donor, achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 12.5% with a relatively low energy loss (Eloss) of 0.52 eV. The PCE of 12.5% for the BDSeIC2Br‐based devices are much higher than those devices based on PM6:BDSeIC (7.1%) or PM6:BDSeIC4Br (9.6%) blend films, and it is the highest reported PCE in binary PSCs with the brominated INCN end‐capped NF‐SMAs. Such outstanding PCE of BDSeIC2Br‐based device is attributed to more balanced electron/hole mobility, higher charge dissociation and charge collection efficiency, and more proper phase separation features. These results indicate that introducing a benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]diselenophene core unit and bromine substiution on the end groups is an effective way to achieve high‐performance NIR absorption NF‐SMAs.
Melamine Hydroiodide Functionalized MAPbI3 Perovskite with Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance and Stability in Ambient Atmosphere
Authors: Yang Fu , Kamarudin Muhammad A. , Hirotani Daisuke , Zhang Putao , Kapil Gaurav , Ng Chi Huey , Ma Tingli , Hayase Shuzi
Published: November 2018

Despite the remarkable performance of organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their ultimate stability is still a major issue that inhibits the commercialization of this eminent technology. Herein, melamine hydroiodide (MLAI) is added to function methyl ammonium (CH3NH3+, MA+) lead iodide perovskite for fabricating structured perovskite with enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability in the harsh ambient atmosphere (35 °C, 60–70% relative humidity). Nearly no new phase formed even incorporated 25 mol.% MLAI induces the strain in the perovskite crystal structure. The MLAI‐structured perovskite film shows a denser and smoother surface than the pristine MAPbI3 perovskite. Planar PSCs based on 2 mol.% MLAI‐functionalized perovskite show 17.2% power conversion efficiency with nearly no hysteresis which is much higher than pristine MAPbI3 PSCs. Most importantly, the solar cell devices based on 2 mol.% MLAI‐functionalized perovskite still retain over 90% of the initial performance after being kept in ambient atmosphere for more than 560 h without encapsulation.
BPS Wilson loops in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ ≥ 2 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories
Authors: Mauri Andrea , Ouyang Hao , Penati Silvia , Wu Jun-Bao , Zhang Jiaju
Published: November 2018

Abstract

In

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

≥ 2 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories we construct the infinite family of Bogomol’nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) Wilson loops featured by constant parametric couplings to scalar and fermion matter, including both line Wilson loops in Minkowski spacetime and circle Wilson loops in Euclidean space. We find that the connection of the most general BPS Wilson loop cannot be decomposed in terms of double-node connections. Moreover, if the quiver contains triangles, it cannot be interpreted as a super-matrix inside a superalgebra. However, for particular choices of the parameters it reduces to the well-known connections of 1/6 BPS Wilson loops in Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena (ABJM) theory and 1/4 BPS Wilson loops in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 orbifold ABJM theory. In the particular case of

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 orbifold ABJM theory we identify the gravity duals of a subset of operators. We investigate the cohomological equivalence of fermionic and bosonic BPS Wilson loops at quantum level by studying their expectation values, and find strong evidence that the cohomological equivalence holds quantum mechanically, at framing one. Finally, we discuss a stronger formulation of the cohomological equivalence, which implies non-trivial identities for correlation functions of composite operators in the defect CFT defined on the Wilson contour and allows to make novel predictions on the corresponding unknown integrals that call for a confirmation.
Motivation matters: Development and validation of the Motivation for Solitude Scale – Short Form (MSS‐SF)
Authors: Thomas Virginia , Azmitia Margarita
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Motivation is an overlooked but crucial factor in determining whether solitude is psychologically beneficial or risky. This paper describes the development and validation of the Motivation for Solitude Scale ‐ Short‐Form (MSS‐SF), a measure grounded in Self‐Determination Theory that differentiates between intrinsic versus extrinsic motivations for solitude.

Methods

Emerging adult (N = 803) and adolescent (N = 176) participants were recruited in four successive samples from the United States for the purposes of scale development and validation. Participants completed an on‐line survey that included the MSS‐SF and various well‐being and personality measures.

Results & conclusions

Confirmatory Factor Analyses resulted in a two‐factor solution, selfdetermined solitude (SDS) and not self‐determined solitude (NSDS), and showed the MSS‐SF to be reliable with adolescents and emerging adults, with satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. Engaging in solitude for extrinsic, not self‐determined reasons was associated with loneliness, social anxiety, and depressive symptomatology; in contrast, solitude chosen for intrinsic, self‐determined reasons was positively correlated with well‐being, for emerging adults in particular. The MSS‐SF goes beyond preference for solitude to distinguish two distinctly different motivations for solitude, and in so doing, allows researchers to better understand the affordances and risks of being alone for adolescents and emerging adults.
State, institutions and reform in Turkey after July 15
Authors: Aras Bülent , Yorulmazlar Emirhan
Published: November 2018

The failed coup of July 15 has shocked the current state apparatus in Turkey. This shock has culminated in the public demand for administrative reform, which would make previous public designs and policy failures a matter of the past. The state crisis has transpired in the middle of a political transition process whereby the ruling party envisioned systemic change in the political system from the parliamentary to a presidential system. The constitutional amendments also imply changes in the administrative order, with further political hold on bureaucratic cadres. The coup attempt and the massive purges in its aftermath brought the state to its breaking point. In light of such deficits and challenges, this paper discusses the ways, means, and prospects for capacity development and institution-building to overcome the state crisis in Turkey. The reform and restructuring process entails cooperation and a level of understanding between the government, opposition, and bureaucracy. Polarization and disenfranchisement are recipes for further fragmentation in Turkish politics. A cooperative model based on a working relationship between the government, opposition, and bureaucracy would facilitate a return to normalcy.
Climate change and the latitudinal selectivity of ancient marine extinctions
Authors: Reddin Carl J. , Kocsis Ádám T. , Kiessling Wolfgang
Published: November 2018

Geologically rapid climate change is anticipated to increase extinction risk nonuniformly across the Earth's surface. Tropical species may be more vulnerable than temperate species to current climate warming because of high tropical climate velocities and reduced seawater oxygen levels. To test whether rapid warming indeed preferentially increased the extinction risk of tropical fossil taxa, we combine a robust statistical assessment of latitudinal extinction selectivity (LES) with the dominant views on climate change occurring at ancient extinction crises. Using a global data set of marine fossil occurrences, we assess extinction rates for tropical and temperate genera, applying log ratios to assess effect size and Akaike weights for model support. Among the classical “big five” mass extinction episodes, the end-Permian mass extinction exhibits temperate preference of extinctions, whereas the Late Devonian and end-Triassic selectively hit tropical genera. Simple links between the inferred direction of climate change and LES are idiosyncratic, both during crisis and background intervals. More complex models, including sampling patterns and changes in the latitudinal distribution of continental shelf area, show tropical LES to be generally associated with raised tropical heat and temperate LES with global cold temperatures. With implications for the future, our paper demonstrates the consistency of high tropical temperatures, habitat loss, and the capacity of both to interact in generating geographic patterns in extinctions.
Deep-sea ostracod faunal dynamics in a marginal sea: biotic response to oxygen variability and mid-Pleistocene global changes
Authors: Huang Huai-Hsuan May , Yasuhara Moriaki , Iwatani Hokuto , Yamaguchi Tatsuhiko , Yamada Katsura , Mamo Briony
Published: November 2018

Deep-sea benthic ostracod assemblages covering the last 2 Myr were investigated in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1426 (at 903 m water depth) in the southern Sea of Japan. Results show that (1) orbital-scale faunal variability has been influenced by eustatic sea-level fluctuations and oxygen variability and (2) secular-scale faunal transitions are likely associated with the mid-Brunhes event (MBE, ~0.43 Ma) and the onset of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC, ~1.7 Ma).Krithe,Robertsonites, andAcanthocythereisare the three most abundant genera throughout the core, accounting for 78.5% of total specimens. Multiple-regression tree analysis indicated that the TWC, the MBE, and oxygen content are the significant controlling factors of ostracod dominance. Changes in assemblages exhibit decline and recovery patterns corresponding to orbital-scale cyclicity of sea-level changes. In the Sea of Japan marginal ocean setting, this cyclicity shows a close relationship with bottom-water oxygen variability since the onset of the TWC influx. The MBE amplified the influence of the TWC and oxygen variability to the deep-sea ecosystem through larger sea-level fluctuations.Acanthocythereis dunelmensis, a circumpolar species, dominates before the TWC onset. After the TWC onset and during the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT, ~1.2–0.7 Ma)Krithespp., known for their low-oxygen tolerance, substantially increase under moderate oxygen depletion. At the end of the MPT,Krithedominance diminishes and is replaced byRobertsonites hanaiiandPropontocyprisspp. after the MBE. The post-MBE assemblage, characterized byR. hanaii, suggests a slightly warmer environment under the development of the TWC. In addition, the post-MBE high-amplitude climate system may have caused the increased abundance of active-swimmingPropontocyprisspp. due to their superior migration ability. Benthic ecosystems in marginal seas are sensitive and vulnerable to both short- and long-term climatic changes, and the MBE is suggested to be a global biotic event affecting benthic ecosystems substantially.
Toward an inner connection of SNe Ic, SLSNe Ic, XRF connected SNe, SNe Ic-BL, and GRB connected SNe
Authors: Zou Yuan-Chuan , Cheng K. S.
Published: November 2018

Type Ic supernovae can be classified as normal supernovae Ic, type Ic super-luminous supernovae, X-ray flash-connected supernovae, broad-line supernovae Ic, and gamma-ray burst-connected supernovae. Here we suggest an inner connection for all kinds of supernovae Ic which is based on whether a pair of jets are successfully launched: a normal supernovae Ic is a normal core collapsar without jets launched; a gamma-ray burst-associated supernovae Ic is a core collapsar with relativistic jets launched and successfully breaking out the envelope of the progenitor; an X-ray flash-associated supernovae Ic is a core collapsar with jets launched but can only develop a relativistic shock breakout; a broad-line supernovae Ic is an off-axis gamma-ray burst or an X-ray flash-associated supernova; and a type Ic super-luminous supernovae is close to the X-ray flash-connected supernovae Ic, but the shock breakout is not relativistic and most of the jet energy is deposited into the supernova component. Based on the luminosity-distance diagram, we derived the luminosity function of all different types of supernovae Ic as a whole. We also show that the normal supernovae Ic and gamma-ray burst-connected supernovae Ic have similar accumulative distributions.
Detrital Sr–Nd isotopes, sediment provenances and depositional processes in the Laxmi Basin of the Arabian Sea during the last 800 ka
Authors: Khim Boo-Keun , Horikawa Keiji , Asahara Yoshihiro , Kim Ji-Eun , Ikehara Minoru
Published: November 2018

87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd values of detrital particles at International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1456 in the Laxmi Basin of the Arabian Sea were measured to trace changes in sediment provenance over glacial–interglacial cycles. Based on the correlation of planktonic foraminiferal (Globigerinoides ruber) δ18O fluctuations with the LR04 stack of benthic foraminifera δ18O values, combined with shipboard biostratigraphic and palaeomagnetic data, the studied interval spans ∼1.2 Ma. Over the past 800 ka, 87Sr/86Sr values ranged from 0.711 to 0.726 while εNd values ranged between −12.5 and −7.3 in the detrital particles. By comparing 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd values of the possible sources of river sediments with our data, we found that sediments in the Laxmi Basin were influenced to various degrees by proportions of at least three sediment sources (i.e. Tapi River, Narmada River and Indus River). The Indus River might be a more important contributor to glacial sediments. Although 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd values varied quasi-cyclically, this pattern did not correspond precisely to the glacial–interglacial cycles. In particular, low-magnetic-susceptibility (low-MS) intervals coinciding with pelagic carbonates were characterized by low 87Sr/86Sr ratios and high εNd values, whereas high-MS intervals matching turbidite deposits showed high 87Sr/86Sr ratios and low εNd values. Thus, this study reveals that differences in the depositional processes between glacial and interglacial periods, governed by changes in sea level and monsoon activity, are an important factor in deciding 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd values of the detrital fraction in the Indus Fan of the Arabian Sea.
Attachment state of mind and childhood experiences of maltreatment as predictors of sensitive care from infancy through middle childhood: Results from a longitudinal study of parents involved with Child Protective Services
Authors: Zajac Lindsay , Raby K. Lee , Dozier Mary
Published: November 2018

The current longitudinal study examined whether attachment states of mind and childhood maltreatment predict sensitive caregiving during infancy, early childhood, and middle childhood among a sample of 178 parents who were involved with Child Protective Services. Nearly all the parents had themselves experienced childhood maltreatment based on their reports on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire—Short Form (Bernstein et al., 2003) when their children were infants. Adult Attachment Interviews (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985) were administered to parents when their children were infants (M = 10.92 months, SD = 8.66). Parental sensitivity was rated based on observations of parent–child interactions at three time points: infancy, early childhood, and middle childhood. During infancy, dismissing states of mind of parents predicted marginally lower sensitivity scores than autonomous states of mind. In early and middle childhood, dismissing states of mind of parents predicted significantly lower sensitivity ratings than autonomous states of mind. Unresolved states of mind of parents predicted significantly lower sensitivity scores than autonomous states of mind only during early childhood. Childhood maltreatment was not significantly associated with parents’ sensitivity ratings at all three time points. Findings suggest that among parents with Child Protective Services involvement, most of whom had themselves experienced maltreatment, parents’ unresolved states of mind predict insensitive caregiving in early childhood, and parents’ dismissing states of mind predict insensitive caregiving from infancy through middle childhood.
A Discussion of Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt’s How Democracies Die
Authors: Parker Christopher S.
Published: November 2018

Among the many scholarly attempts to reckon with the causes and consequences of Donald Trump’s rise, few have attracted popular attention on the scale of Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt’s How Democracies Die. Seldom do books by political scientists make it onto the New York Times best sellers list, but this one has, a testament to its broad influence. Levitsky and Ziblatt situate Trumpism within a broader comparative and historical context in order to assess its similarities to and differences from democratic breakdowns elsewhere, particularly in Europe and Latin America. Their broad argument is that modern slides into authoritarianism are not the result of revolutions or military coups, but rather the consequence of a steady erosion of political norms and the assault on such fundamental democratic institutions as an independent judiciary and a free press. In short, contemporary democracies die not as a result of men with guns attacking from outside the system, but rather because elected leaders from inside that system slowly undermine them. Judged from this standpoint, the authors argue that American democracy is now in real danger, and they offer a range of suggestions for saving it. How convincing is Levitsky and Ziblatt’s analysis of democratic breakdown, and how well does it apply to the American case? How useful are the solutions that they offer for rescuing American democracy? We have asked a range of prominent scholars from across the discipline to consider these questions in the present symposium.
Three phases of courts’ publicity: reconfiguring Bentham's open justice in the twenty-first century
Authors: Johnston Jane
Published: November 2018

The paper examines the changing nature of publicity in the courts, tracing three distinct but interconnected phases of publicity using Jeremy Bentham's theory of open justice and publicity as a framework. The first phase is press coverage, with the news media chronicling the justice system for the general population, most recently including televised court proceedings. The second is the appointment of Courts Information Officers, occurring as early as the 1930s and growing in impact since the 1990s, established to facilitate the relationship between courts and the news media. The third and final phase is the Internet, including social media, resulting in changes to news media models and driving contemporary practices of court-generated media. The paper concludes that, while media and communication practices have changed radically since the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the concept of publicity has shifted, Bentham's approach to open justice remains salient for twenty-first-century courts’ communication.
FromJudge JudytoJudge RinderandJudge Geordie: humour, emotion and ‘televisual legal consciousness’
Authors: Wood Helen
Published: November 2018

This paper attempts to counter legal studies’ common reading of court TV shows by starting with an understanding of themastelevision, rather comparing them to ‘real courts’. It analyses two recent examples of British court TV shows –Judge Rinder(ITV, 2014–) andJudge Geordie(MTV, 2015) – to draw out how the text'sformestablishes particular kinds of ‘televisual legal consciousness’.Judge Rinder’s daytime address and his camped authority allow a frame in which humour can disarm conflict and reveal wider political injustice.Judge Geordie’s irreverent upturning of the judged into judge draws upon the registers of youth reality television to privilege affect and emotion. In staging some of the tensions between law's masculine rationality and popular culture's feminine emotionality, these shows enact their interdependence. Such an analysis that includes attention to form, address and genre allows us a deeper exploration of the relationship between television, law and the everyday.
DOHaD in science and society: emergent opportunities and novel responsibilities
Authors: Penkler M. , Hanson M. , Biesma R. , Müller R.
Published: November 2018

The field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has grown considerably in recent decades and is receiving increasing recognition from health policymakers. Today, DOHaD research aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on health and disease that traces how different life experiences shape health and disease risks over the entire life course. This integrative perspective opens up distinct possibilities for improving health. At the same time, it raises questions regarding the specific social responsibilities of DOHaD as a field and about possible pathways to a socially just and scientifically robust implementation of DOHaD knowledge in society. In this article, we review the history and key characteristics of DOHaD as a field of scientific knowledge production. We argue that based on its key assumptions – that life circumstances, health and disease are closely linked on a molecular scale – DOHaD is an inherently political research field. When tracing how life environments affect health and disease, it is of utmost social and political importance to specify how DOHaD understands and frames these life environments, which aspects of life worlds are included and which excluded, and how research results are interpreted and translated into health recommendations at individual, societal and policy levels. We suggest a number of ways by which the DOHaD community can constructively and responsibly meet the demands that these inherent characteristics place on knowledge production and dissemination in the field.
Multichannel vectorial holographic display and encryption
Authors: Zhao Ruizhe , Sain Basudeb , Wei Qunshuo , Tang Chengchun , Li Xiaowei , Weiss Thomas , Huang Lingling , Wang Yongtian , Zentgraf Thomas
Published: November 2018

Since its invention, holography has emerged as a powerful tool to fully reconstruct the wavefronts of light including all the fundamental properties (amplitude, phase, polarization, wave vector, and frequency). For exploring the full capability for information storage/display and enhancing the encryption security of metasurface holograms, smart multiplexing techniques together with suitable metasurface designs are highly demanded. Here, we integrate multiple polarization manipulation channels for various spatial phase profiles into a single birefringent vectorial hologram by completely avoiding unwanted cross-talk. Multiple independent target phase profiles with quantified phase relations that can process significantly different information in different polarization states are realized within a single metasurface. For our metasurface holograms, we demonstrate high fidelity, large efficiency, broadband operation, and a total of twelve polarization channels. Such multichannel polarization multiplexing can be used for dynamic vectorial holographic display and can provide triple protection for optical security. The concept is appealing for applications of arbitrary spin to angular momentum conversion and various phase modulation/beam shaping elements.
Magnetic seizure therapy reduces suicidal ideation and produces neuroplasticity in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Sun Yinming , Blumberger Daniel M. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Rajji Tarek K. , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Barr Mera S. , Downar Jonathan , Wong Willy , Farzan Faranak , Daskalakis Zafiris J.
Published: November 2018

Therapeutic seizures may work for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) by producing neuroplasticity. We evaluated whether magnetic seizure therapy (MST) produces changes in suicidal ideation and neuroplasticity as indexed through transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Twenty-three patients with TRD were treated with MST. Changes in suicidal ideation was assessed through the Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI). Before and after the treatment course, neuroplasticity in excitatory and inhibitory circuits was assessed with TMS-EEG measures of cortical-evoked activity (CEA) and long-interval cortical inhibition (LICI) from the left DLPFC, and the left motor cortex as a control condition. As in our previous report, the relationship between TMS-EEG measures and suicidal ideation was examined with the SSI. Results show that 44.4% of patients experienced resolution of suicidal ideation. Based on DLPFC assessment, MST produced significant CEA increase over the frontal central electrodes (cluster p < 0.05), but did not change LICI on a group level. MST also reduced the SSI scores (p < 0.005) and the amount of reduction correlated with the decrease in LICI over the right frontal central electrodes (cluster p < 0.05; rho = 0.73 for Cz). LICI change identified patients who were resolved of suicidal ideation with 90% sensitivity and 88% specificity (AUC = 0.9, p = 0.004). There was no significant finding with motor cortex assessment. Overall, MST produced significant rates of resolution of suicidal ideation. MST also produced neuroplasticity in the frontal cortex, likely through long-term potentiation (LTP)-like mechanisms. The largest reduction in suicidal ideation was demonstrated in patients showing concomitant decreases in cortical inhibition—a mechanism linked to enhanced LTP-like plasticity. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms through which patients experience resolution of suicidal ideation following seizure treatments in depression.
Transcriptomic profiling of tantalum metal implant osseointegration in osteopenic patients
Authors: Hefni E. K. , Bencharit S. , Kim S. J. , Byrd K. M. , Moreli T. , Nociti F. H. , Offenbacher S. , Barros S. P.
Published: November 2018

Objectives

The long-term success of dental implants is established by literature. Although clinically well defined, the complex genetic pathways underlying osseointegration have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis are considered to present as higher risk for implant failure. Porous tantalum trabecular metal (PTTM), an open-cell porous biomaterial, is suggested to present enhanced biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression patterns of a panel of genes closely associated with osteogenesis and wound healing in osteopenic patients receiving either traditional titanium (Ti) or PTTM cylinders to assess the pathway of genes activation in the early phases of osseointegration.

Material and methods

Implant cylinders made of Ti and PTTM were placed in osteopenic volunteers. At 2- and 4 weeks of healing, one Ti and one PTTM cylinder were removed from each subject for RT-PCR analysis using osteogenesis PCR array.

Results

Compared to Ti, PTTM-associated bone displayed upregulation of bone matrix proteins, BMP/TGF tisuperfamily, soluble ligand and integrin receptors, growth factors, and collagen genes at one or both time points. Histologically, PTTM implants displayed more robust osteogenesis deposition and maturity when compared to Ti implants from the same patient.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that PTTM properties could induce an earlier activation of genes associated with osteogenesis in osteopenic patients suggesting that PTTM implants may attenuate the relative risk of placing dental implants in this population.
The phase separation underlying the pyrenoid-based microalgal Rubisco supercharger
Authors: Wunder Tobias , Cheng Steven Le Hung , Lai Soak-Kuan , Li Hoi-Yeung , Mueller-Cajar Oliver
Published: November 2018

The slow and promiscuous properties of the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco constrain photosynthetic efficiency and have prompted the evolution of powerful CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). In eukaryotic microalgae a key strategy involves sequestration of the enzyme in the pyrenoid, a liquid non-membranous compartment of the chloroplast stroma. Here we show using pure components that two proteins, Rubisco and the linker protein Essential Pyrenoid Component 1 (EPYC1), are both necessary and sufficient to phase separate and form liquid droplets. The phase-separated Rubisco is functional. Droplet composition is dynamic and components rapidly exchange with the bulk solution. Heterologous and chimeric Rubiscos exhibit variability in their tendency to demix with EPYC1. The ability to dissect aspects of pyrenoid biochemistry in vitro will permit us to inform and guide synthetic biology ambitions aiming to engineer microalgal CCMs into crop plants.
Renewable energy-powered membrane technology in Tanzanian communities
Authors: Schäfer Andrea I. , Shen Junjie , Richards Bryce S.
Published: November 2018

Dissolved contaminants such as ions or organic matter require advanced technology for effective removal. Technologies such as membrane processes are to date absent in remote areas of developing countries, in part due to the absence of a reliable electricity grid to power such technologies, but also due to the large distances to be served in remote areas. By directly coupling a nanofiltration system with solar energy, the energy provision and storage obstacle can be resolved. Here, two very challenging natural waters were treated to drinking water standard without requiring permanent infrastructure: both water samples had very high concentrations of fluoride (50–60 mg/L), while one of them also had a high total organic carbon content (255 mg/L). In both cases the WHO guideline value of 1.5 mg/L for fluoride was achieved with the chosen membrane. The solar irradiance provided an unsteady power source, which did not impact on water quality in a significant manner. Given the somewhat extreme characteristics of the source waters, making such waters potable effectively increased the available water quantity. The technical feasibility of such a solar-powered ultrafiltration and nanofiltration hybrid system was demonstrated in terms of produced drinking water quantity (1200 L per solar day), water quality and specific energy consumption. While such state-of-the-art technology offers great potential towards the provision of clean water in rural areas, the remaining obstacles for effective implementation of such technologies are predominantly non-technical.
Author Correction: Imaging and clinical data archive for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Grossberg Aaron J. , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Elhalawani Hesham , Bennett William C. , Smith Kirk E. , Nolan Tracy S. , Williams Bowman , Chamchod Sasikarn , Heukelom Jolien , Kantor Michael E. , Browne Theodora , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Gunn G. Brandon , Garden Adam S. , Morrison William H. , Frank Steven J. , Rosenthal David I. , Freymann John B. , Fuller Clifton D.
Published: November 2018

In the original version of the Data Descriptor the surname of author Hesham Elhalawani was misspelled. This has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions.
Modelling size constraints on carbonate platform formation in groundwater upwelling zones
Authors: Keppel Mark N. , Post Vincent E. A. , Love Andrew J. , Werner Adrian D. , Clarke Jonathan D. A. , Halihan Todd
Published: November 2018

Carbonate depositional systems related to groundwater upwelling are ubiquitous around the world and form ecologically and culturally important features of many landscapes. Spring carbonate deposits record past climatic and hydrological conditions. The reconstruction of past processes using spring carbonate proxies requires fundamental understanding of the factors that control their geometry. In this work, we show that the spatial extent of spring carbonate platforms is amenable to quantitative prediction by simulating the early growth stage of their formation for the iconic mound springs in the central Australian outback. We exploit their well-defined, circular geometry to demonstrate the existence of two size-limiting regimes: one controlled by the spring flow rate and the other by the concentration of lattice ions. Deviations between modelled and observed size metrics are attributable to diminishing spring flow rates since formation, enabling assessment of the relative vulnerability of springs to further hydrological change.
Glutamatergic and dopaminergic modulation of cortico-striatal circuits probed by dynamic calcium imaging of networks reconstructed in microfluidic chips
Authors: Lassus Benjamin , Naudé Jérémie , Faure Philippe , Guedin Denis , Von Boxberg Ysander , Mannoury la Cour Clotilde , Millan Mark J. , Peyrin Jean-Michel
Published: November 2018

Although the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia are functionally interconnected by parallel loops, cellular substrates underlying their interaction remain poorly understood. One novel approach for addressing this issue is microfluidics, a methodology which recapitulates several intrinsic and synaptic properties of cortico-subcortical networks. We developed a microfluidic device where cortical neurons projected onto striatal neurons in a separate compartment. We exploited real-time (low-resolution/high-output) calcium imaging to register network dynamics and characterize the response to glutamatergic and dopaminergic agents. Reconstructed cortico-striatal networks revealed the progressive appearance of cortical VGLUT1 clusters on striatal dendrites, correlating with the emergence of spontaneous and synchronous glutamatergic responses of striatal neurons to concurrent cortical stimulation. Striatal exposure to the NMDA receptor GluN2A subunit antagonist TCN201 did not affect network rhythm, whereas the GluN2B subunit antagonist RO256981 significantly decreased striatal activity. Dopamine application or the D2/D3 receptor agonist, quinpirole, decreased cortico-striatal synchrony whereas the D1 receptor agonist, SKF38393, was ineffective. These data show that cortico-striatal networks reconstructed in a microfluidic environment are synchronized and present characteristics close to those of their in situ counterparts. They should prove instructive for deciphering the molecular substrates of CNS disorders and evaluating the actions of novel therapeutic agents.
Divergent responses to warming of two common co-occurring Mediterranean bryozoans
Authors: Pagès-Escolà Marta , Hereu Bernat , Garrabou Joaquim , Montero-Serra Ignasi , Gori Andrea , Gómez-Gras Daniel , Figuerola Blanca , Linares Cristina
Published: November 2018

Climate change threatens the structure and function of marine ecosystems, highlighting the importance of understanding the response of species to changing environmental conditions. However, thermal tolerance determining the vulnerability to warming of many abundant marine species is still poorly understood. In this study, we quantified in the field the effects of a temperature anomaly recorded in the Mediterranean Sea during the summer of 2015 on populations of two common sympatric bryozoans,Myriapora truncataandPentapora fascialis. Then, we experimentally assessed their thermal tolerances in aquaria as well as different sublethal responses to warming. Differences between species were found in survival patterns in natural populations,P.fascialisshowing significantly lower survival rates thanM.truncata. The thermotolerance experiments supported field observations:P.fascialisstarted to show signs of necrosis when the temperature was raised to 25–26 °C and completely died between 28–29 °C, coinciding with the temperature when we observed first signs of necrosis inM.truncata. The results from this study reflect different responses to warming between these two co-occurring species, highlighting the importance of combining multiple approaches to assess the vulnerability of benthic species in a changing climate world.
Observation of slowly decaying eigenmodes without exceptional points in Floquet dissipative synthetic circuits
Authors: León-Montiel Roberto de J. , Quiroz-Juárez Mario A. , Domínguez-Juárez Jorge L. , Quintero-Torres Rafael , Aragón José L. , Harter Andrew K. , Joglekar Yogesh N.
Published: November 2018

Abstrct

Passive parity-time symmetry breaking transitions, where long-lived eigenmodes emerge in a locally dissipative system, have been extensively studied in recent years. Conventional wisdom says that they occur at exceptional points. Here we report the observation of multiple transitions showing the emergence of slowly decaying eigenmodes in a dissipative, Floquet electronic system with synthetic components. Remarkably, in our system, the modes emerge without exceptional points. Our setup uses an electrical oscillator inductively coupled to a dissipative oscillator, where the time-periodic inductive coupling and resistive-heating losses are independently controlled. With a Floquet dissipation, slowly-decaying eigenmodes emerge at vanishingly small dissipation strength in the weak coupling limit. With a moderate Floquet coupling, multiple instances of their emergence and disappearance are observed. With an asymmetric dimer model, we show that these transitions, driven by avoided-level-crossing in purely dissipative systems, are generically present in static and Floquet domains.
Experimental test of the relation between coherence and path information
Authors: Gao Jun , Jiao Zhi-Qiang , Hu Cheng-Qiu , Qiao Lu-Feng , Ren Ruo-Jing , Tang Hao , Ma Zhi-Hao , Fei Shao-Ming , Vedral Vlatko , Jin Xian-Min
Published: November 2018

Quantum coherence stemming from the superposition behaviour of a particle beyond the classical realm, serves as one of the most fundamental features in quantum mechanics. The wave-particle duality phenomenon, which shares the same origin, has a strong relationship with quantum coherence. Recently, an elegant relation between quantum coherence and path information has been theoretically derived. Here, we experimentally test such new duality by l1-norm measure and the minimum-error state discrimination. We prepare three classes of two-photon states encoded in polarisation degree of freedom, with one photon serving as the target and the other photon as the detector. We observe that wave-particle-like complementarity and Bagan’s equality, defined by the duality relation between coherence and path information, is well satisfied. Our results may shed new light on the original nature of wave-particle duality and on the applications of quantum coherence as a fundamental resource in quantum technologies.
Simplified analytical methodology for glucosinolate hydrolysis products: a miniaturized extraction technique and multivariate optimization
Authors: Fusari Cecilia Mara , Ramirez Daniela Andrea , Camargo Alejandra Beatriz
Published: November 2018

Miniaturized extraction techniques are one of the most significant advances in analytical chemistry today.
Maintaining homogeneity during a sol–gel transition by an autocatalytic enzyme reaction
Authors: Panja Santanu , Adams Dave J.
Published: November 2018

Kinetic control over supramolecular gelation by increasing the pH can be achieved using an enzymatic reaction.
Possible B–C bonding in the hydroboration of benzonitrile by an external electric field
Authors: Zhang Ming-Xia , Xu Hong-Liang
Published: November 2018

Generally, the hydroboration of benzonitrile produces B–N containing compound. An unprecedented B–C bond may be formed in the presence of suitable external electric field (EEF), which could influence hydroboration and control selectivity by changing its magnitude and directions.
Aromaticity, Coulomb repulsion, π delocalization or strain: who is who in endohedral metallofullerene stability?
Authors: Wang Yang , Díaz-Tendero Sergio , Alcamí Manuel , Martín Fernando
Published: November 2018

Three different models for endohedral metallofullerene structure prediction are compared, revealing the physical origin of the stability of these compounds.
Correction: Conceptual design and analysis of ITM oxy-combustion power cycles
Authors: König Andrea , Mancini Nick D. , Mitsos Alexander
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Conceptual design and analysis of ITM oxy-combustion power cycles’ by N. D. Mancini et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 21351–21361.
Eosin Y-sensitized partially oxidized Ti3C2 MXene for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Sun Yuliang , Sun Yuan , Meng Xing , Gao Yu , Dall'Agnese Yohan , Chen Gang , Dall'Agnese Chunxiang , Wang Xiao-Feng
Published: November 2018

Ti3C2, though one of the most extensively studied 2D MXenes, is rarely reported in dye-sensitized photocatalysis.
Heterometallic grids: synthetic strategies and recent advances
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Tang Jinkui
Published: November 2018

This article reviews the most up-to-date progress in heterometallic grid-like complexes and highlights the recent work in 3d–4f heterometallic grids, aiming at a better understanding of the self-assembly and magnetic properties of heterometallic grids.
Occurrence and formation of incidental metallic Cu and CuS nanoparticles in organic-rich contaminated surface soils in Timmins, Ontario
Authors: Mantha Haley , Schindler Michael , Hochella Michael F.
Published: November 2018

This study investigates the fate of Cu in organic-rich soils contaminated by mining related activities at the Timmins Kidd Creek metallurgical site, Ontario, Canada.
Simulating graphene oxide nanomaterial phototransformation and transport in surface water
Authors: Han Yanlai , Knightes Christopher D. , Bouchard Dermont , Zepp Richard , Avant Brian , Hsieh Hsin-Se , Chang Xiaojun , Acrey Brad , Matthew Henderson W. , Spear Jessica
Published: November 2018

The production of graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) has increased appreciably in recent years.
Spike sorting using non-volatile metal-oxide memristors
Authors: Gupta Isha , Serb Alexantrou , Khiat Ali , Trapatseli Maria , Prodromakis Themistoklis
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate how the intrinsic analogue programmability of memristive devices can be exploited to perform spike-sorting on single devices.
Arsenite renal apoptotic effects in chickens co-aggravated by oxidative stress and inflammatory response
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Hongjing , Guo Menghao , Shao Yizhi , Liu Juanjuan , Jiang Guangshun , Xing Mingwei
Published: November 2018

The kidney is the most crucial site for the excretion of arsenic and its metabolites.
Photoluminescence enhancement via microwave irradiation of carbon quantum dots derived from solvothermal synthesis of l-arginine
Authors: Omer Khalid M. , Hama Aziz Kosar H. , Salih Yousif M. , Tofiq Diary I. , Hassan Aso Q.
Published: November 2018

Photoluminescence enhancement of carbon quantum dots was achieved via solvothermal synthesis followed by microwave irradiation.
Electrochemical sensor for facile detection of trace N-nitrosodiphenylamine based on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-stabilized graphene/platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Peng Xiuying , Zou Jinfeng , Liu Zhiguang , Guo Yujing
Published: November 2018

A simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of trace N-nitrosodiphenylamine was constructed based on PDDA-stabilized graphene/platinum nanoparticles.
Vilsmeier–Haack reagent mediated synthetic transformations with an immobilized iridium complex photoredox catalyst
Authors: Zhi Peng , Xi Zi-Wei , Wang Dan-Yan , Wang Wei , Liang Xue-Zheng , Tao Fei-Fei , Shen Run-Pu , Shen Yong-Miao
Published: November 2018

The synthesis of amides, nitriles, and anhydrides via reactions under the action of the visible-light-driven in situ generated Vilsmeier–Haack reagent from CBr4 in DMF.
Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent as green and efficient media for the extraction of flavonoids from Radix scutellariae
Authors: Xiong Zhili , Wang Manman , Guo Huiwen , Xu Jianfeng , Ye Jing , Zhao Jing , Zhao Longshan
Published: November 2018

The DES combined with UAE was first successfully applied in simultaneously extracting five bioactive flavonoids in Radix scutellariae.
High-performance gas sensors based on single-wall carbon nanotube random networks for the detection of nitric oxide down to the ppb-level
Authors: Jeon Jun-Young , Kang Byeong-Cheol , Byun Young Tae , Ha Tae-Jun
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate high performance gas sensors based on functionalized single-wall carbon nanotube random networks for the detection of nitric oxide down to the ppb-level.
Controlled nitrite anion encapsulation and release in the molecular cavity of decamethylcucurbit[5]uril: solution and solid state studies
Authors: Lin Jing-Xiang , Chen Yu-Xi , Zhao Dan , Chen Yu , Lu Xiu-Qiang , Lü Jian , Cao Rong
Published: November 2018

Nitrite anion encapsulation was realized using molecular cavitands of decamethylcucurbit[5]urils as molecular receptors.
Cu(OTf)2-mediated C(sp2)–H arylsulfonylation of enamides via the insertion of sulfur dioxide
Authors: Zhu Tong-Hao , Zhang Xiao-Chen , Zhao Kai , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: November 2018

A stereoselective Cu(OTf)2-mediated C(sp2)–H sulfonylation of enamides with arylsulfonyl radicals generated in situ from DABSO and diazonium salts is developed.
A concise approach for determining the relative configuration of H-7 and H-8 in 8,4′-oxyneolignans by 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Ya-Nan , Han Bing , Yang Peng-Fei , Feng Zi-Ming , Jiang Jian-Shuang , Zhang Pei-Cheng
Published: November 2018

The chemical shift difference between H-9a and H-9b can be used to accurately and rapidly determine the relative configuration of H-7 and H-8 in three types of 8,4′-oxyneolignan glucosides.
Highly efficient conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates with a binary catalyst system in a microreactor: intensification of “electrophile–nucleophile” synergistic effect
Authors: Li Ming-Ran , Zhang Ming-Chao , Yue Tian-Jun , Lu Xiao-Bing , Ren Wei-Min
Published: November 2018

An intensification of the “electrophile–nucleophile” synergistic effect was achieved in a microreactor for the coupling reaction of CO2 and epoxides mediated by the binary Al complex/ternary ammonium salt catalyst system.