bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Productivity Commission’s Draft Report illustrates the benefits and risks of economic perspectives on mental healthcare
Authors: Kisely Steve , Looi Jeffrey CL
Published: August 2020

In 2018, the Australian Government instructed the Productivity Commission to examine the social and economic effects of poor mental health, as well as make recommendations on how they might be addressed. The resulting Draft Report demonstrates both the benefits and risks of an economic approach to these issues. Some of the broader systemic recommendations have merit such as the need for stepped care, coordinated crisis management and the important role of welfare, housing and the workplace in improving mental health. However, there are areas of concern, particularly for mental health services in the public sector. One is a disproportionate emphasis on prevention and intervention in the early years of life for strategies where evidence for effectiveness is limited. Another is the introduction of market-based approaches such as shadow billing or a commissioner/provider split to the funding of mental health services across Australia. Among the numerous problems of such market-driven approaches are the increased costs of additional bureaucracy and the lack of commissioner expertise in planning services or evidence-based practice. As a result, similar arrangements have been abandoned in other jurisdictions. The Commission’s final recommendations and the Australian Government’s response are awaited and the resulting changes to the mental health system, and beyond, may well be influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, reform should be based on evidence and achieved without increasing administrative complexity.
Do Spoilers Really Spoil? Using Topic Modeling to Measure the Effect of Spoiler Reviews on Box Office Revenue
Authors: Ryoo Jun Hyun (Joseph) , Wang Xin (Shane) , Lu Shijie
Published: August 2020

A sizable portion of online movie reviews contain spoilers, defined as information that prematurely resolves plot uncertainty. In this research, the authors study the consequences of spoiler reviews using data on box office revenue and online word of mouth for movies released in the United States. To capture the degree of information in spoiler review text that reduces plot uncertainty, the authors propose a spoiler intensity metric and measure it using a correlated topic model. Using a dynamic panel model with movie fixed effects and instrumental variables, the authors find a significant and positive relationship between spoiler intensity and box office revenue with an elasticity of .06. The positive effect of spoiler intensity is greater for movies with a limited release, smaller advertising spending, and moderate user ratings, and is stronger in the earlier days after the movie’s release. Using an event study and online experiments, the authors provide further evidence that spoiler reviews can help consumers reduce their uncertainty about the quality of movies, consequently encouraging theater visits. Thus, movie studios may benefit from consumers’ access to plot-intense reviews and should actively monitor the content of spoiler reviews to better forecast box office performance.
Gay-Straight Alliances, School Functioning, and Mental Health: Associations for Students of Color and LGBTQ Students
Authors: Baams Laura , Russell Stephen T.
Published: August 2020

Utilizing a school-based sample of 895,218 students aged 10–18 years old, we examine differences in students’ school functioning, substance use, and mental health in schools with and without Gay-Straight Alliances (GSAs). In addition, we examine whether GSA presence is associated with these outcomes for students of color and LGBTQ students. Overall, students in schools with GSAs were found to report better school functioning, lower substance use, and better mental health. For students of color, the association between the presence of a GSA and mental health and substance use was not as strong as it was for non-Hispanic white students. Further, for LGBTQ students, the association between the presence of a GSA and school functioning was not as strong as it was for non-LGBTQ students. Future research is necessary to ascertain the function of GSAs, especially for marginalized youth.
‘And makes it indistinct / As water is in water’: The melting away of the heroic subject in Antony and Cleopatra and All for Love
Authors: Velissariou Aspasia
Published: August 2020

Premising the structural importance of water imagery in William Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra, Antony’s ‘liquefaction’ reflects the core of his interiority, which is identified with his love affair with Cleopatra. Their desire requires a third party, Rome, in relation to which a seemingly self-enclosing erotic universe is built, and against which Antony fights for ascendancy, as a ghostly heroic self. In John Dryden’s All for Love, the historical flux vanishes, Antony’s heroic past figures as a residue and history as an embarrassment to love. In contrast with Shakespeare’s heroes, the lovers’ domestication foregrounds the compatibility of love and eros within marriage.
Knowledge and experience in the ‘disguised duke’ play
Authors: Leonidas Eric
Published: August 2020

Seventeenth-century English dramatists produced several ‘disguised duke’ plays in which a ruler disguises himself to reinforce political control. Critics typically view these as a call for monarchs to address corruption at court. But such readers have largely ignored the epistemological shift represented: knowledge is based on circulation among, observation of, and dialogue with citizens rather than on textual traditions. Together, the plays legitimise the knowledge and experience of observers immersed in London’s daily life, playwrights included. Moreover, the disguised ruler motif also contributed to the social practices through which ‘new’ empirical forms of knowledge gained authority.
Perspectives on Lung Dose and Inhaled Biomolecules
Authors: Wolff Ronald K.
Published: August 2020

Dose is highly important to studies of inhaled agents because there must be an understanding of the dose delivered to humans, the dose delivered to animals in toxicology studies, and an ability to interpret and compare both sets of information relative to safety. Unlike oral or intravenous administrations, total delivered or inhaled dose is not easy to determine following inhalation exposure and is also not necessarily the most important determinant of toxicity. A review of dose distribution throughout the respiratory tract as well as total inhaled dose is provided. The implications of regional deposition for biologics are reviewed and specific examples over a range of different molecular weights are provided. Biologics are generally large enough that absorption from ciliated epithelia is low. Thus, deposition of biologics in head airways and tracheobronchial regions is unlikely to be of high importance unless there are interactions with specific receptors at these sites. Therefore, it is the dose of proteins or biologics deposited in the alveolar region that are generally of most interest.
Designing and Conducting Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Surveys in Psychiatry: Practical Guidance
Authors: Andrade Chittaranjan , Menon Vikas , Ameen Shahul , Kumar Praharaj Samir
Published: August 2020

Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) surveys are popular in health care because they provide useful information and appear easy to design and execute. There are subtleties, however, in such surveys that early career researchers need to be aware of. This article does not provide a detailed review of the subject, nor does it address theory; rather, it provides practical guidance on matters such as identifying the need for the survey; defining the target population; preparing the questions that address knowledge, attitudes, and practice; preparing options for the answers to the items in the questionnaire; deciding how to score the instrument and analyze the results; and validating the instrument. Specific examples are presented to help readers understand and apply the guidance in various contexts.
‘A qualitative investigation into the impact of domestic abuse on women’s desistance’: A practitioner’s response
Authors: Reed Rachel
Published: August 2020

This article is a response to Barr and Christian’s article ‘A qualitative investigation into the impact of domestic abuse on women’s desistance’. Based on the findings of two separate but interlinked projects considering women’s qualitative desistance experiences in the community, Barr and Christian argue for a reframing of desistance from crime as desistance from harm when working with women in the criminal justice system. This article seeks to consider this reframing in terms of probation practice and contemplates some of the structural and cultural barriers which may currently stand in the way.
Anti-Hu-related epilepsy diagnosed after surgical management
Authors: Zheng Yongsu , Wei Nian , Wang Jian , Dai Hui , Xu Zucai
Published: August 2020

Autoimmune epilepsy (AE) refers to epilepsy mediated by autoantibodies or immune cells, and a large proportion of drug-resistant epilepsy cases are classified as AE. AE lacks standardized management guidelines. At present, little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of surgical treatment of AE. This paper reports a patient whose surgical treatment was ineffective before AE was diagnosed and who improved after immunotherapy. A literature review was conducted to examine the progress of surgical treatment of epilepsy, the relationship of temporal lobe epilepsy to neuronal antibodies, surgical and prognostic factors, research progress on the anti-Hu antibody, and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis to provide a clinical reference.
Life on “the List” is a Life Lived in Fear: Post-Conviction Traumatic Stress in Men Convicted of Sexual Offenses
Authors: Harris Danielle Arlanda , Levenson Jill
Published: August 2020

In recent years, there has been a rapid expansion of increasingly restrictive laws managing the post release behavior and movement of individuals convicted of sexual offenses. In the US, this legislation has led to many barriers for people returning to their community as “registered sex offenders.” We consider the often ignored but undeniable traumagenic impact of life on “the list” and conceptualize this experience as Post-Conviction Traumatic Stress. We present a qualitative content analysis of secondary data collected from interviews with over 70 men. Emergent themes were first organized according to the human needs identified in Maslow’s hierarchy, and then by the established symptoms of PTSD, and finally in terms of resilient coping versus traumatic coping when basic human needs were unmet. We discuss the unexplored impact of traumatic instability on risk for recidivism and present recommendations for trauma-informed policies and practices with individuals required to register as “sex offenders.”
Opening of BKCa channels alters cerebral hemodynamic and causes headache in healthy volunteers
Authors: Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Ghanizada Hashmat , Nielsen Cherie Amalie Waldorff , Skandarioon Camilla , Snellman Josefin , Lopez Lopez Cristina , Hansen Jakob Møller , Ashina Messoud
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Preclinical data implicate large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels in the pathogenesis of headache and migraine, but the exact role of these channels is still unknown. Here, we investigated whether opening of BKCa channels would cause headache and vascular effects in healthy volunteers.

Methods

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, 21 healthy volunteers aged 18–39 years were randomly allocated to receive an intravenous infusion of 0.05 mg/min BKCa channel opener MaxiPost and placebo on two different days. The primary endpoints were the difference in incidence of headache and the difference in area under the curve (AUC) for headache intensity scores (0–12 hours) and for middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (VMCA) (0–2 hours) between MaxiPost and placebo. The secondary endpoints were the differences in area under the curve for superficial temporal artery and radial artery diameter (0–2 hours) between MaxiPost and placebo.

Results

Twenty participants completed the study. Eighteen participants (90%) developed headache after MaxiPost compared with six (30%) after placebo ( p = 0.0005); the difference of incidence is 60% (95% confidence interval 36–84%). The area under the curve for headache intensity (AUC0–12 hours, p = 0.0003), for mean VMCA (AUC0–2 hours, p = 0.0001), for superficial temporal artery diameter (AUC0–2 hours, p = 0.003), and for radial artery diameter (AUC0–2 hours, p = 0.03) were significantly larger after MaxiPost compared to placebo.

Conclusion

MaxiPost caused headache and dilation in extra- and intracerebral arteries. Our findings suggest a possible role of BKCa channels in headache pathophysiology in humans. ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03887325.
Effect of Temperature Difference on the Thickness Design of Pervious Concrete Pavements
Authors: AlShareedah Othman , Mostofa Haider Md , Nassiri Somayeh
Published: August 2020

Pervious concrete pavement (PCP) is a porous paving material that facilitates the rapid infiltration of runoff. The significance of temperature difference (ΔT) between the top and bottom of traditional concrete pavements for stresses and structural design is well known. However, with their low thermal conductivity, the question exists whether PCPs develop large ΔTs that vary during the day and between seasons. If so, the extent of the effect of such ΔTs on stresses in the slab and the thickness design of PCP needs to be investigated. In this study, temperature data collected from three PCP sections (in two different climate regions) instrumented with thermocouples were used to analyze ΔT for multi-year periods. Frequency distribution of ΔTs showed bimodal trends with peaks ranging between –6°C and 17°C occurring during the day and night of spring and summer seasons. In winter, ΔT distribution was unimodal, with peaks ranging from 0°C to 3°C. Finite element analysis was conducted to quantify the stresses in PCP sections with different flexural strength ( MR) and modulus of subgrade reaction under combinations of critical ΔTs and axle loading. The resulted stresses were used in a PCP fatigue model to estimate fatigue life and slab thickness for PCPs. Based on the expected load repetitions in a 20-year design life, a database of recommended thicknesses for PCPs with various material properties and under four traffic categories was developed. Increasing MR from 2.4 to 3.1 MPa resulted in reducing PCP design thicknesses by 20–55 mm under the same loads. Moreover, incorporating ΔT in the thickness design of PCP resulted in a higher minimum required thicknesses by up to 100 mm compared with PCP with no ΔT under the same traffic loads.
Automated Segmentation and Morphological Analyses of Stockpile Aggregate Images using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Huang Haohang , Luo Jiayi , Tutumluer Erol , Hart John M. , Stolba Andrew J.
Published: August 2020

Particle size and morphological/shape properties ensure the reliable and sustainable use of all aggregate skeleton materials placed as constructed layers in transportation applications. The composition and packing of these aggregate assemblies rely heavily on particle size and morphological properties, which affect layer strength, modulus, and deformation response under vehicular loading and therefore facilitate the quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) process. Aggregate imaging systems developed to date for size and shape characterization, however, have primarily focused on measurement of separated or slightly contacting aggregate particles. Development of efficient computer vision algorithms is urgently needed for image-based evaluations of densely stacked (or stockpile) aggregates, which requires image segmentation of a stockpile for the size and morphological properties of individual particles. This paper presents an innovative approach for automated segmentation and morphological analyses of stockpile aggregate images based on deep learning techniques. A task-specific stockpile aggregate image dataset is established from images collected from various quarries in Illinois. Individual particles from the stockpile images are manually labeled on each image associated with particle locations and regions. A state-of-the-art object detection and segmentation framework called Mask R-CNN is then used to train the image segmentation kernel, which enables user-independent segmentation of stockpile aggregate images. The segmentation results show good agreement with ground-truth labeling and improve the efficiency of size and morphological analyses conducted on densely stacked and overlapping particle images. Based on the presented approach, stockpile aggregate image analysis promises to become an efficient and innovative application for field-scale and in-place evaluations of aggregate materials.
Post-Cold War sanctioning by the EU, the UN, and the US: Introducing the EUSANCT Dataset
Authors: Weber Patrick M , Schneider Gerald
Published: August 2020

The European Union, the United Nations, and the United States frequently use economic sanctions. This article introduces the EUSANCT Dataset—which amends, merges, and updates some of the most widely used sanctions databases—to trace the evolution of sanctions after the Cold War. The dataset contains case-level and dyadic information on 326 threatened and imposed sanctions by the EU, the UN, and the US. We show that the usage and overall success of sanctions have not grown from 1989 to 2015 and that while the US is the most active sanctioner, the EU and the UN appear more successful.
Book review: Keun Lee. 2019. The Art of Economic Catch-up: Barriers, Detours and Leapfrogging in Innovation Systems
Authors: Singh Lakhwinder
Published: August 2020

Keun Lee. 2019. The Art of Economic Catch-up: Barriers, Detours and Leapfrogging in Innovation Systems. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 279 + xxiii pp., $84.99. ISBN: 978-1-108-47287-6 (Hardback).
To tele- or not to telehealth? Ongoing COVID-19 challenges for private psychiatry in Australia
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Pring William
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

Following a very rapid and significant uptake of metropolitan telepsychiatry in private practice in Australia during COVID-19, practical questions remain: How long should psychiatrists continue telepsychiatry? Are there benefits of continuing: reduced COVID-19 risks to patient and psychiatrist, and flexibility of appointments? Will the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) telehealth items be retained? How does metropolitan telepsychiatry fit into the overall mix of public and private services? This is an important debate.

Conclusions:

Private psychiatrists may continue to offer the majority of care, where practical, via telepsychiatry to reduce COVID-19 exposure risks, as well as allow for the realities of practice management for pandemic public health measures. However, consideration has to be given to the potential drawbacks for patients with sight, hearing and illness-related disabilities or risks, when in-person consultation is required. There are also risks: some patients may not benefit from telepsychiatry due to the nature of their illness, and will patients feel rapport is lost? However, the retention of COVID-19 MBS telehealth items is needed for ongoing flexible and comprehensive private practice psychiatry.
Client Outreach in Los Angeles County’s Assisted Outpatient Treatment Program: Strategies and Barriers to Engagement
Authors: Starks Sarah L. , Kelly Erin L. , Castillo Enrico G. , Meldrum Marcia L. , Bourgois Philippe , Braslow Joel T.
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Assisted outpatient treatment (AOT) programs can compel treatment-refusing individuals to participate in mental health treatment via civil court order. In California’s AOT programs, individuals first must be offered 30 days of outreach services and can accept services voluntarily. This study examines the use of outreach strategies in an AOT program with the potential for voluntary or involuntary enrollment. Methods: Outreach staff completed a survey in which they reported and rated outreach strategies and barriers to treatment for 487 AOT-referred individuals. Results: Outreach staff reported using a broad array of strategies to persuade and engage clients. Supportive and persuasive strategies were most common. More coercive strategies, including court order, were used when needed. More clients enrolled voluntarily (39.4%) than involuntarily (7.2%). Conclusions: Outreach, coupled with the strategic use of potential court involvement, can lead to voluntary enrollment of treatment-refusing individuals with many, often severe, barriers to engaging in outpatient treatment.
The Making Common of God: Augustine, Oliver O’Donovan, and Reading Scripture with Love
Authors: Bankston Will
Published: August 2020

Augustine holds that Scripture finds its telos in enabling us to love rightly. By examining Augustine’s interpretation of the Psalter, this article traces the dynamics of this textual teleology and then elaborates upon it through Oliver O’Donovan’s notion of making common. That is, a community is constituted by communicative actions of sharing that flow from and are ordered to a common love. Within the communication of Scripture, we are brought into a space of shared significances and meanings with God that he has made common with us because we love most what he loves most, namely himself. God’s acts of making common include not only his speaking to us, but also, as a function of Christ’s priesthood, his speaking for us.
Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity: Consensus on Goals for Operative Correction
Authors: Sangeorzan Bruce J. , Hintermann Beat , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Day Jonathan , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J. , Johnson Jeffrey E. , Myerson Mark S. , Schon Lew C. , Thordarson David B.
Published: August 2020

Recommendation:

In the treatment of progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD), the combination of bone shape, soft tissue failure, and host factors create a complex algorithm that may confound choices for operative treatment. Realignment and balancing are primary goals. There was consensus that preservation of joint motion is preferred when possible. This choice needs to be balanced with the need for performing joint-sacrificing procedures such as fusions to obtain and maintain correction. In addition, a patient’s age and health status such as body mass index is important to consider. Although preservation of motion is important, it is secondary to a stable and properly aligned foot.

Level of Evidence:

Level V, consensus, expert opinion.
Group Consciousness and Corrective Action: The Mediating Role of Perceived Media Bias and of Proattitudinal Selective Exposure
Authors: Velasquez Alcides , Barnidge Matthew , Rojas Hernando
Published: August 2020

This study examines the role that group consciousness plays in driving corrective action. Drawing from an online survey of Latinos in the United States ( N = 588), it tests the relationships among group consciousness, perceived media bias, proattitudinal selective exposure, and political participation. Results show support for a serial mediation model where the relationship between group consciousness and political participation runs through perceptions of media bias and proattitudinal selective exposure. Proattitudinal selective exposure also mediates the relationship between group consciousness and political participation independently. Theoretical contributions to corrective action and the role of minority groups in American politics are discussed.
Is There a Need for a Pulmonary Artery Catheter in Cardiac Surgery Today?
Authors: Jacobzon Ehud , Hasin Tal , Lifschitz Avital , Bogot Naama , Farkash Adam , Tager Salis , Silberman Shuli
Published: August 2020

Pulmonary artery catheters are a useful tool for hemodynamic monitoring in high-risk patients during surgery and while in intensive care. However, there are major risks inherent to the device, and with modern day technology, their routine use has decreased. We discuss the need for routine insertion of pulmonary artery catheters in cardiac surgery. We also present a case of a left ventricular assist device implantation complicated by serious pulmonary hemorrhage due to pulmonary artery catheter insertion, highlighting the potentially life-threatening risks involved.
Tricuspid Valve Excision Complicated by Postoperative Gerbode Defect Following Recurrent Infective Endocarditis: A Case Report
Authors: Dhaliwal Jasdeep S. , Wadle Michael J. , Malyala Rajasekhar , Dwarakanath Sanjay , Hatton Kevin W.
Published: August 2020

Tricuspid valve infective endocarditis is an increasingly common sequela of the opioid epidemic. While often managed medically, certain subsets of patients will require surgical intervention, including repair, replacement, and possibly even excision. Historically, simple valvectomy was performed in instances of recidivism and reinfection; however, reoperation and replacement has become the preferred treatment in the current era. Given the increasing incidence of intravenous drug use and the increase in the number of patients presenting with recurrent infections, simple valvectomy has regained favor in recent years. In this article, we present the management of a critically ill patient with recurrent tricuspid valve endocarditis who underwent tricuspid valvectomy that was complicated by a left ventricle to right atrium fistula and discuss some of the most important perioperative issues and complications for patients who undergo tricuspid valvectomy.
Investigating the Impact of OGT Inhibition on Doxorubicin- and Docetaxel-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC-3 and WPMY-1 Cells
Authors: Makwana Vivek , Dukie A/Prof Shailendra-Anoopkumar , Rudrawar Santosh
Published: August 2020

Reduction in sensitivity in terms of cytotoxicity is responsible for therapy failure in patients undergoing chemotherapy with first-line anticancer drug molecules. A plethora of literature evidence points out that increased O-linked β- N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) enzyme level/hyper- O-GlcNAcylation has direct implications in development of cancer and interferes with clinical outcomes of chemotherapy via interaction with oncogenic factors. The aim of this research was to evaluate the combination approach of anticancer drugs with an OGT inhibitor (OSMI-1) as an alternative way to resolve issues in the treatment of prostate cancer and assess the benefits offered by this approach. Effect of combination of doxorubicin and docetaxel with OSMI-1 on drug-induced cell death and synergism/antagonism was investigated using resazurin assay. Reduction in OGT enzyme level was evaluated using ELISA kit. Caspase-3/7 fluorescence assay was performed to detect apoptosis induction in PC-3 cells after treatment with the combinations of doxorubicin and OGT inhibitor to further understand the mechanism of cell death by concomitant treatment. Studies reveal that combination approach is indeed effective in terms of reducing the half-maximum growth inhibition value of doxorubicin when concomitantly treated with OSMI-1 and has synergistic effect in prostate cancer cells. PC-3 cells exhibited elevated levels of OGT enzyme in comparison to WPMY-1, and OSMI-1 has potential to inhibit OGT enzyme significantly. Data show that OSMI-1 alone and in combination with doxorubicin reduces OGT enzyme level significantly accompanied by increased apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Combination of doxorubicin with OSMI-1 reduced the elevated OGT level which led to a drastic increase in sensitivity of PC-3 cells toward doxorubicin in comparison to doxorubicin alone. This finding provides important insight regarding alternative treatment strategies for effective management of cancer.
Surgical management of ptosis in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Eshaghi Mohammad , Arabi Amir , Eshaghi Sarvin
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To determine possible complications and efficacy of ptosis surgery in a series of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) patients with healthy tear film.

Method:

It is a prospective interventional study on 24 eyes from 12 patients with the diagnosis of CPEO and ptosis. Pre-operatively, tear breakup test (TBUT) and Schirmer test were performed to assess lacrimal function unit. Levator resection was performed for 16 eyes with levator function (LF) more than 4 mm, while eight eyes from four patients with poorer LF underwent frontalis silicone sling surgery. Main outcome measures included change in marginal-to-reflex distance (MRD1) and incidence of post-operative exposure keratopathy.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 45 ± 15 years. The mean of TBUT and Schirmer test were 12 ± 1.98 s and 15 ± 2.76 mm, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 34 months. Four eyes encountered mild to moderate exposure keratopathy. All cases were managed medically, with no need for surgical revision. The mean pre-operative MRD1, LF, and chin-up angle were −0.54 ± 1.03 mm, 4.21 ± 1.41 mm, and 21.6 ± 6.01 degrees, respectively. The mean post-operative MRD1, LF, and chin-up angle were 2.42 ± 0.60, 4.46 ± 1.53 mm, and 3.3 ± 1.01 degrees, respectively. At 1-year follow-up visit, improvement in MRD1 and chin-up posture was statistically significant ( p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Normal TBUT and Schirmer test results, prophylactic lubricating therapy, and close follow-up can be as important as Bell’s phenomenon and palpebral fissure height in predicting post-operative complications.
Rethinking sense of coherence: Perceptions of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness in a group of Palestinian health care providers operating in the West Bank and Israel
Authors: Veronese Guido , Dhaouadi Yamina , Afana Abdelhamid
Published: August 2020

Drawing on a salutogenic perspective, we explored sense of coherence (SOC) in a group of Palestinian mental health care providers living and working in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories (West Bank). Specifically, we conducted a qualitative exploration of the cultural characteristics of SOC and its components ( comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness) in two groups of Palestinian Muslim helpers. We found that context-specific features of SOC can mobilize generalized resistance resources for coping with traumatic and stressful experiences, even in an environment characterized by political instability, military violence, and social trauma. Ten main themes emerged from the thematic content analysis: acceptance, reacting to adversity, acknowledging human insecurity (comprehensibility), self-control, talking to family, education as a resource for survival, connecting to the severity of the event, responsibility as a source of control (manageability), religiosity, and sense of belonging (meaningfulness). The Islamic faith, as expressed through the concepts of Sumud and Taslim, seemed to permeate individuals’ ability to attribute meaning to historical and transgenerational trauma, as well as to their ongoing traumatic conditions, thus acting as their ultimate source of health and wellbeing. A holistic, spiritual, and collectivist outlook helped respondents to approach their lives with optimism. We discuss the implications for mental health care providers and future research directions.
Coupling synchronization principle of two pairs counter-rotating unbalanced rotors in the different resonant conditions
Authors: Liu Liqun , Liu Ting , Yue Hongliang , Zhang Xueliang
Published: August 2020

The present work investigates the coupling synchronization principle and stability in a vibrating system with two pairs counter-rotating unbalanced rotors (also called exciters). Based on Lagrange equations, the dimensionless coupling differential equations of motion of the system are deduced. The synchronization criterion of two pairs exciters stems from the averaging method, it satisfies the fact that the absolute value of dimensionless residual torque difference between arbitrary two driving motors is less than or equal to the maximum of their dimensionless coupling torques. The stability criterion of the synchronous states complies with Routh-Hurwitz principle. The coupling dynamic characteristics of the system are numerically analyzed in detail, including synchronization and stability ability, maximum of the coupling torque and phase relationship, etc. Some simulation results applying the Runge-Kutta algorithm are performed, it is shown that the motion states of the system can be classified into two types: sub-resonant state and super-resonant state. Generally in engineering, the ideal working points should be selected in sub-resonance region, in this case the expended energy can be saved relatively by 1/5–1/3, which is less than that in super-resonance region under the precondition of the same vibration amplitude value.
Ethnic categorisation, identity and perceptions of life among Swedish Samis
Authors: Gerdner Arne
Published: August 2020

To what extent do Swedish Samis identify their ethnicity as Sami, Swedish, or both? How do they meet various criteria for being allowed to register as voters to the Sami Parliament? What factors predict ethnicities? These questions are studied in randomised samples from the electoral roll for the Sami Parliament. Applying Berry’s model of acculturation, four types are constructed—separated, assimilated, integrated, and marginalised. The findings show that the integrated represent the great majority of Samis. The two groups who tend to choose one of the identities—Sami or Swedish—represent less than one third when combined and are about equal in size. Those marginalised with weak ethnic identities represent 2%. Although all meet the self-identification criterion of being Sami, few meet each of some ‘objective’ criteria, e.g. being involved in reindeer herding, having Sami as the home language or having parents or grandparents with Sami as the home language. The main predictors of a stronger Sami identity are cultural symbolic behaviours and heredity. The main negative predictor of a stronger Swedish identity among Samis is the use of cultural symbolic behaviours, and the main positive predictor is a positive estimate on the Swedish public opinion’s interest in Samis. The findings are discussed in relation to Sami debates on indigeneity.
Enhancing Resilience in Autistic Adults Using Community-based Participatory Research: A Novel HRD Intervention in Employment Service Provision
Authors: Farkas Tibor N. , Mendy John , Kargas Niko
Published: August 2020

The Problem

Although previous research suggests current human resource management (HRM) policies and procedures do not fully accommodate the diverse strengths and needs of jobseekers and employees on the autism spectrum, the human resource development (HRD) community, including its scholars, researchers and practitioners will benefit from learning more about autism and how people with the condition can develop resilience capacity at work.

The Solutions

Utilizing a community-based participatory research approach (CBPR), we recommend an Autism Work Peer Support Group (AWPSG) program as a new framework that can help the HRD community as well as HRM work coaches and disability employment advisors to foster environments, where people’s social adaptation is key for their resilience capacity development.

The Stakeholders

The current research provides a framework on how a CBPR approach could be utilized to operationalize the design and evaluation of an employment intervention (i.e., AWPSG) that could involve autistic jobseekers in the process of resilience building. Furthermore, our findings indicate that fostering the emergence of a subjectively meaningful employment-focused peer support group program could help enlighten the HRD community about the challenges faced by this particular group and thereby offer effective autism-HRD advice and support to autistic jobseekers, employees and employers, management, work-coaches and disability employment advisors.
Clinical Value of Serum and Exhaled Breath Condensate miR-186 and IL-1β Levels in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Xie Haiqin , Chen Jinliang , Lv Xuedong , Zhang Lu , Wu Jinnan , Ge Xin , Yang Qichang , Zhang Dongmei , Chen Jianrong
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Our study aimed to investigate the expression level and clinical significance of serum and exhaled breath condensate miR-186 and IL-1β in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Methods:

The serum and exhaled breath condensate specimens of 62 non-small cell lung cancer patients and 60 healthy controls were collected to detect miR-186 expression levels by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to examine IL-1β concentration. Statistical analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between miR-186 and IL-1β in serum and clinicopathological features, traditional serum tumor markers, and inflammatory markers. The diagnostic efficacy of miR-186 and IL-1β for non-small cell lung cancer was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The correlation between miR-186 and IL-1β was determined.

Results:

① The relative expression level of miR-186 was greatly reduced in the serum and EBC of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and the miR-186 expression level was reduced in different TNM stages of non-small cell lung cancer, from the early to later stages. ② The IL-1β concentration in serum and exhaled breath condensate of patients with non-small cell lung cancer was increased. ③ Serum miR-186 and IL-1β levels were closely related to lymph node metastasis, and the low expression of serum miR-186 and the high concentration of IL-1β were associated with higher serum carcinoembryonic antigen, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels. ④ ROC curve analysis showed that exhaled breath condensate miR-186 had higher area under the curve than serum miR-186, and the combined detection showed higher diagnostic efficacy than the separate detection. In addition, the combined detection of IL-1β and miR-186 has a larger AUC than the separate detection of both. ⑤ The correlation between serum miR-186 and IL-1β was negative.

Conclusion:

miR-186 and IL-1β are expected to be potential diagnostic biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer.
A Multi-Institutional Review of College Campus Adapted Intramural Sports Programming for College Students With and Without a Disability
Authors: Shapiro Deborah , Pate Joshua R. , Cottingham Michael
Published: August 2020

This study examined factors surrounding the development and advancement of campus intramural programming for college students with physical disabilities. Campus recreation staff from 164 universities completed a survey examining campus programming for students with and without physical disabilities, marketing, modifications, barriers, needs, and strategies for developing adapted and inclusive intramural sports programming. Weight training, cardiovascular training, and personal training were among the most reported programming designed to include students with physical disabilities. Wheelchair basketball is among the longest-running intramural programs with sitting volleyball, goalball, and beep baseball increasing in popularity. Environmental and equipment accessibility was a predominant strategy and accommodation to facilitate inclusive programming, with the primary reason for not including adapted or inclusive intramural programming attributed to lack of request or too few students with physical disabilities on campus. Additional results and discussion address best practices and recommendations to initiate and improve programming for students with physical disabilities.
Estimating abortion prevalence and understanding perspectives of community leaders and providers: Results from a mixed-method study in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Huber-Krum Sarah , Karadon Duygu , Kurutas Sebahat , Rohr Julia , Baykal Simay Sevval , Okcuoglu Bahar Ayca , Esmer Yilmaz , Canning David , Shah Iqbal
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

Abortions are difficult to measure; yet, accurate estimates are critical in developing health programs. We implemented and tested the validity of a list experiment of lifetime abortion prevalence in Istanbul, Turkey. We complemented our findings by understanding community perspectives using in-depth interviews with key informants.

Methods:

We conducted a household survey between March and June 2018. In a random sample of 4040 married women aged 16–44 years, we implemented a double list experiment. We averaged difference in mean values calculations between the average counts for each list to provide an estimated lifetime abortion prevalence. We conducted in-depth interviews with 16 key informants to provide insights into possible explanations for the quantitative results.

Results:

The abortion prevalence estimate from the list experiment was close to that of the direct question (3.25% vs 2.97%). Key informant narratives suggest that differing definitions of abortion, inaccessibility, provider bias, lack of knowledge of abortion laws and safety, and religious norms could contribute to under-reporting. Results from the qualitative study suggest that abortion is largely inaccessible and highly stigmatized.

Conclusion:

Measuring experiences of abortion is critical to understanding women’s needs and informing harm-reduction strategies; however, in highly stigmatized settings, researchers may face unique challenges in obtaining accurate reports.
Fostering the trustworthiness of researchers: SPECS and the role of ethical reflexivity in novel neurotechnology research
Authors: Tubig Paul , McCusker Darcy
Published: August 2020

The development of novel neurotechnologies, such as brain-computer interface (BCI) and deep-brain stimulation (DBS), are very promising in improving the welfare and life prospects many people. These include life-changing therapies for medical conditions and enhancements of cognitive, emotional, and moral capacities. Yet there are also numerous moral risks and uncertainties involved in developing novel neurotechnologies. For this reason, the progress of novel neurotechnology research requires that diverse publics place trust in researchers to develop neural interfaces in ways that are overall beneficial to society and responsive to ethical values and concerns. In this article, we argue that researchers and research institutions have a moral responsibility to foster and demonstrate trustworthiness with respect to broader publics whose lives will be affected by their research. Using Annette Baier’s conceptual analysis of trust, which takes competence and good will to be its central components, we propose that practices of ethical reflexivity could play a valuable role in fostering the trustworthiness of individual researchers and research institutions through building and exhibiting their moral competence and good will. By ethical reflexivity, we mean the reflective and discursive activity of articulating, analyzing, and assessing the assumptions and values that might be underlying their ethical actions and projects. Here, we share an ethics dialog tool—called the Scientific Perspectives and Ethics Commitments Survey (or SPECS)—developed by the University of Washington’s Center of Neurotechnology (CNT) Neuroethics Thrust. Ultimately, the aim is to show the promise of ethical reflexivity practices, like SPECS, as a method of enhancing trustworthiness in researchers and their institutions that seek to develop novel neurotechnologies for the overall benefit of society.
Influence of religiosity and studying law on college students’ punitive attitudes in China
Authors: Chu Doris C , Cretacci Michael A , Gao Yandong
Published: August 2020

A number of studies in the United States examine the impact of religiosity on attitudes towards various types of criminal sanctioning. Research seems to indicate that more conservative denominations and faiths have a more punitive preference for criminal sanctions. Previous studies have also examined these attitudes between criminal justice and non-criminal justice students. While this area of inquiry has drawn attention in the United States, only scant attention has been paid to this phenomenon in other countries. To the best of our knowledge, no study has addressed this issue in China and our research seeks to serve as a foundation for examining this topic in that country. Using data collected from students attending universities in China, we examine the relationship between respondents’ religiosity and their punitive attitudes. We also compare the punitive attitudes between law and non-law majors. Findings indicate that students with higher levels of religious behaviour were less likely to support the death penalty. In addition, law majors were found to be less likely to endorse severe sentences. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Maxillofacial Bone Fractures in Children and Adolescents: Overview of 247 Cases in a Major Referral Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Daniels John Spencer , Albakry Ibrahim , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Samara Mohammed Ismail
Published: August 2020

Study Design:

A retrospective study investigating maxillofacial bone fractures in the pediatric and adolescent population.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to present our experience in the management of pediatric facial bone fractures.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of maxillofacial bone fractures in children and adolescents between the ages <1 year and 19 years in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation. Data collected include demographics, etiology, pattern, and treatment of maxillofacial bone fractures. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 25 (IBM Corp.). Results were presented as simple frequencies and descriptive statistics.

Results:

Of the 1297 patients with maxillofacial bone fractures, 247 were cases involving children and adolescents giving a prevalence of 19.0% (247 patients, N = 1297). There were 233 males and 14 females with an M:F ratio of 16.6:1. The ages ranged from 9 months to 19 years with a mean ± SD of 14.4 ± 4.6. The age-group between 16 and 20 years had the highest frequency of patients (144 (58.4%)). In the 1- to 5-year group, falls accounted for most of the etiology (15 (6.1%)), while in the 16- to 20-year group, motor vehicular accident (MVA) was the main reason (120 (48.6%)). The majority of the fractures occurred in the mandible with 151(61.1%) cases. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were the main treatment modality in 171 (69.2%) patients.

Conclusions:

MVA was the main etiology of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents with male predominance, while the mandible had been the most frequently fractured bone. ORIF was the main treatment modality.