bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social-ecological vulnerability of fishing communities to climate change: A U.S. West Coast case study
Authors: Koehn Laura E. , Nelson Laura K. , Samhouri Jameal F. , Norman Karma C. , Jacox Michael G. , Cullen Alison C. , Fiechter Jerome , Pozo Buil Mercedes , Levin Phillip S.
Published: August 2022

Climate change is already impacting coastal communities, and ongoing and future shifts in fisheries species productivity from climate change have implications for the livelihoods and cultures of coastal communities. Harvested marine species in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem support U.S. West Coast communities economically, socially, and culturally. Ecological vulnerability assessments exist for individual species in the California Current but ecological and human vulnerability are linked and vulnerability is expected to vary by community. Here, we present automatable, reproducible methods for assessing the vulnerability of U.S. West Coast fishing dependent communities to climate change within a social-ecological vulnerability framework. We first assessed the ecological risk of marine resources, on which fishing communities rely, to 50 years of climate change projections. We then combined this with the adaptive capacity of fishing communities, based on social indicators, to assess the potential ability of communities to cope with future changes. Specific communities (particularly in Washington state) were determined to be at risk to climate change mainly due to economic reliance on at risk marine fisheries species, like salmon, hake, or sea urchins. But, due to higher social adaptive capacity, these communities were often not found to be the most vulnerable overall. Conversely, certain communities that were not the most at risk, ecologically and economically, ranked in the category of highly vulnerable communities due to low adaptive capacity based on social indicators (particularly in Southern California). Certain communities were both ecologically at risk due to catch composition and socially vulnerable (low adaptive capacity) leading to the highest tier of vulnerability. The integration of climatic, ecological, economic, and societal data reveals that factors underlying vulnerability are variable across fishing communities on the U.S West Coast, and suggests the need to develop a variety of well-aligned strategies to adapt to the ecological impacts of climate change.
A sense of belonging: The role of higher education in retaining quality STEM teachers
Authors: Balgopal Meena M. , Weinberg Andrea E. , Sample McMeeking Laura B. , Lin Hunter Danielle E. , Wright Diane S.
Published: August 2022

There is an alarming shortage of qualified STEM teachers in American PK-12 schools. The COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate this crisis and consequently affect who participates in future STEM innovation. At three points during the pandemic, we surveyed early career teachers who were supported by the National Science Foundation as they began teaching in high-needs school districts. Teachers who felt connected to their professional and academic communities reported intentions to remain in the profession, while those who felt isolated reported intentions of leaving. It is critical for STEM academics to maintain professional relationships with graduates who pursue STEM teaching professions after graduation.
Long-term effect of a GnRH-based immunocontraceptive on feral cattle in Hong Kong
Authors: Pinkham Rebecca , Koon Ka-Kei , To Jason , Chan Jason , Vial Flavie , Gomm Matt , Eckery Douglas C. , Massei Giovanna
Published: August 2022

Increasing human-wildlife conflicts worldwide are driving the need for multiple solutions to reducing “problem” wildlife and their impacts. Fertility control is advocated as a non-lethal tool to manage free-living wildlife and in particular to control iconic species. Injectable immunocontraceptives, such as GonaCon, stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn affects the release of reproductive hormones in mammals. Feral cattle (Bos indicus or Bos taurus) in Hong Kong are an iconic species whose numbers and impacts on human activities have increased over the last decade. Previous studies have proven that a primer vaccination and booster dose of GonaCon in female cattle are safe and effective in reducing pregnancy levels one year post-treatment. The aims of this project were 1. to evaluate the longevity of the effect of GonaCon in feral cattle up to four years post-vaccination; and 2. to assess if a second booster dose of GonaCon, administered at either two or four years post-vaccination, extends the contraceptive effect in this species. Vaccination with GonaCon, administered as a primer and booster dose, was effective in causing significant infertility in free-living cattle for at least three years post-vaccination, with the percentage of pregnant animals in the vaccinated group decreasing from 76% at vaccination to 35%, 19% and 7% in years 2, 3 and 4 post-vaccination, compared with 67% at vaccination to 50%, 57% and 14% respectively in the control group. A second booster dose of GonaCon administered either 2 or 4 years after vaccination rendered 100% of the Treated cattle infertile for at least another year. These results suggested that vaccination with GonaCon can reduce feral cattle population growth and that a second booster dose can extend the longevity of the contraceptive effect.
Assessing the asymmetric war-growth nexus: A case of Afghanistan
Authors: Hameed Mohammad Ajmal , Rahman Mohammad Mafizur , Khanam Rasheda
Published: August 2022

This study explores the war-growth nexus in Afghanistan, a country where war-torn acts inform resource allocation. Employing the asymmetric ARDL, dynamic multipliers, and asymmetric causality techniques, the initial results confirm the existence of a long-run asymmetric nexus amid predictors. The asymmetric ARDL results indicate that a positive asymmetric shock from the per capita cost of war reduces per capita GDP—that is, economic growth—while a negative asymmetric shock from the per capita cost of war increases growth in the short and long run. Moreover, the findings reveal that per capita capital investment, per capita energy consumption, per capita household consumption, per capita remittance, per capita foreign direct investment, population growth, and inflation rate have significantly asymmetric effects on growth, highlighting non-monotonic impacts in scale and magnitude. The results of the asymmetric causality technique by bootstrap confirm that there is an asymmetric bidirectional causality between growth, per capita cost of war, per capita household consumption, per capita capital investment, and per capita foreign direct investment, while expanding only unidirectional causality with per capita remittance, population growth, and inflation rate. Based on the findings, the study concludes by offering relevant policy recommendations.
The green, gold grass of home: Introducing open access in universities in Norway
Authors: Wenaas Lars , Gulbrandsen Magnus
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we investigate how open access is reflected and implemented in all Norwegian universities and how they responded to national policy developments for open access in the period 2009–2021. We analyse how the universities adapted arguments for the three core missions of the universities–research, education, and societal impact–when they reacted to increasing pressures to facilitate open access. Our analysis is based on 182 institutional strategy documents, open access policies and annual reports. When considering the profile of the institutional policies and the explicit referrals to national policies, we find there is a great deal of homogeneity between Norwegian universities, and they are mostly aligned with national policy. Open access is connected to the third mission in all university strategies, but often in a very general manner and without documenting benefits for non-academic users. We find limited emphasis on open access as advantageous for education. All universities show commitment to open access, and several can be described as proactive as they tie it to different types of local incentives. Development over time suggests more mature and institutionalised polices that do not challenge what we may call the academic heartland and its core value of academic freedom, including where and how to publish. We propose a framework for analysing similar institutionalisation processes with three main dimensions: mimesis, adaptation/integration with existing practices, and maturation/commitment.
Impact of coronary bifurcation angle on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and clinical outcome of coronary bifurcation intervention–A scoping review
Authors: Murasato Yoshinobu , Meno Kyohei , Mori Takahiro , Tanenaka Katsuhiko
Published: August 2022

Background

A coronary bifurcation stenting is still a challenging issue due to frequent restenosis and stent thrombosis even with drug-eluting stents. The bifurcation angle (BA) between a main vessel and a side branch is one of the crucial determinants of coronary flow and shear stress that affect the plaque distribution. Previous bench and clinical studies have evaluated the impact of the BA between the proximal main vessel and the side branch (Angle A) and the BA between the distal main vessel and the side branch (Angle B) on the clinical outcomes of bifurcation stenting. However, the impact has not yet been fully elucidated due to a lack of statistical power or different manner of the assessment of BA.

Objectives

To analyze the published studies on coronary artery BA, the modalities used for assessment, and the impact of BA on interventions and attempt to define the pre-procedural protocols.

Data sources

A scoping review was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology. A total of 52 relevant references were selected from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases and categorized into three topic areas.

Results and conclusions

A wider Angle A is associated with the increased likelihood of carina shift and a wider Angle B, with that of side branch occlusion. A wider Angle B promotes stent malapposition and deformation in the side branch ostium and has been reported as an independent predictor of major adverse cardiac events after bifurcation stenting; however, improvement of the drug-eluting stent, refinement of the stenting technique, and accurate 3-dimensional assessment may attenuate the adverse clinical impact of a wider BA.

Implications of key findings

Assessment of the BA is necessary to predict the effect of bifurcation intervention procedure on the stent configuration and coronary flow at the bifurcated vessels. This will help to optimize stent selection and the stenting technique.
Patients and healthcare professionals perspectives on creating a chronic pain support line in Portugal: A qualitative study protocol
Authors: Cruz Mariana , Pinho Simão , Castro-Lopes José Manuel , Sampaio Rute
Published: August 2022

Chronic pain affects almost 38% of the Portuguese adult population, with high costs for both patients and society. Those who suffer with chronic pain frequently complain of feeling misunderstood and of lack of support. These complaints are the main reason why support telephone lines for chronic pain were created in some countries. However, there is no scientific data supporting their creation or evaluating their performance. This paper presents a qualitative study protocol to assess patients and healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the creation of a telephone support line for chronic pain. It constitutes the first step to attain the main goal of developing and implementing a functioning support line for chronic pain in Portugal. The methodology to assess patients and healthcare professionals’ perspectives and needs is presented. In order to gather information as close to reality as possible, focus groups interviews were chosen as data sources. Given the present context of the COVID-19 pandemic, meetings will take place online, using a digital platform. All interviews will be transcribed verbatim, coded and synthesised into categories and main themes. Thematic analysis will be conducted using NVivo® V12 software, employing an iterative and reflexive approach. Finally, comparative and relational analysis will be performed in order to identify topics where patients and professionals converge or greatly diverge. The findings will be useful for grounding the creation of a telephone support line for chronic pain patients. Results dissemination will be important for policy-makers to develop a new perspective towards chronic pain services available.
Implementing population-wide mass media campaigns: Key drivers to meet global recommendations on fruit and vegetable consumption
Authors: Phulkerd Sirinya , Thapsuwan Sasinee , Chamratrithirong Aphichat , Gray Rossarin Soottipong , Pattaravanich Umaporn , Ungchusak Chantana , Saonuam Pairoj
Published: August 2022

While the influence of implementation of mass media and community-based campaigns has been evident elsewhere, this information has been notably absent in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the association between implementation of mass media campaigns (MMC) and community-based campaigns (CBC) for increased fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption to meet the global recommended level in the Thai population. The sample was obtained from a nationally-representative, longitudinal household survey of the Thai population, Round1 (2018) and Round2 (2019). The study applied a multi-stage sampling design to obtain a sample of persons age 15 years or older. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 3,010 respondents who successfully participated in both Round1 and Round2 surveys. Information on FV consumption, exposure to Government MMC, ThaiHealth MMC including social marketing (MMSMC) and CBC, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between implementation of those campaigns and increased FV consumption compared to the recommended level. Of the total respondents, only 11.3% had higher FV consumption and also met the minimum requirement. Respondents who lived in rural areas, were farmers, and grew FV at home had the highest probability of increased FV consumption. Exposure to the MMC and CBC was also associated with an increase in FV consumption. Above all, those who had exposure to the MMSMC, who reported either having high level of perception (OR = 1.832, 95% CI 1.259–2.666) or ever heard or seen (OR = 1.770, 95% CI 1.264–2.479) or heard and seen (OR = 1.698, 95% CI 1.131–2.550) campaign information were more likely to have a substantial increase in FV consumption and meeting/exceeding the recommended level than those who were not exposed to these campaigns. Other associated factors include education, occupation and physical activity. Implementation of MMSMC can help the population meet the global recommended level of FV consumption. This study presents its novelty since it was the first to highlight influence of mass media campaigns on increased FV consumption in Asian population. This was also the first study that used data from a population-based longitudinal study. The study suggested that MMC and CBC should also be promoted together with support systems to increase their intensity to a level that can increase population FV consumption to meet the recommended level. Sociodemographic characteristics should be taken into account, and targeted media is needed to effectively reach specific sub-groups of the population.
Editorial
Authors: Nair Sreenath
Published: August 2022

‘Reality television’ is the product of twentieth-century technology culture that incorporates a wide range of media activities including talent shows, documentary series and celebrity shows. One of the frequently discussed issues in the current scholarship is the representation of multiculturalism in western ‘reality shows’, particularly of South Asian families and their lives. The current issue remains as a genuine attempt to capture, analyse and theorize a number of highly important categories of ‘reality television’ in South Asian scholarship.
Crowning the Bihu Queen: Engendering a rural sensibility through reality television
Authors: Kheshgi Rehanna
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on reality television shows featuring solo female Bihu performance: the music and dance form associated with the Assamese New Year’s festival. These shows cultivate a sense of ‘reality’ by incorporating scenes of finalists on location in their homes. Often depicting hardworking village girls conducting daily chores, these scenes narrate the journey from anonymity to celebrity stardom, highlighting the ability of contestants to embody certain idealized values associated with Assamese womanhood. While judges began embedding these values into Bihu stage competitions in the early 1980s, the scrutiny of individual contestants by celebrity judges has increased since the advent of reality TV Bihu shows in the early 2000s. The success female contestants are able to achieve depends, in part, on their ability to convincingly portray a ‘rural’ sensibility while maintaining an air of respectability, both as part of Bihu performance and during question-and-answer sessions. Drawing on the author’s experience as a guest judge in two seasons of Bihu Rānī (‘Bihu Queen’), as well as on interviews with judges, producers, hosts, contestants and session musicians, the article examines how female performers navigate neo-liberal models of competitive performance while maintaining values and beliefs associated with collective ritual performance.
Outsourcing the nation? Musical collaboration, nation building and neo-liberal logics in Coke Studio Pakistan
Authors: Chocano Rodrigo
Published: August 2022

Coke Studio Pakistan is a decade-long music reality show featuring collaborations between pop, classical and local folk musicians. Sponsored by Coca-Cola and displaying a state-of-the-art production, it aims to bring local and old-school musicians and repertories to the Pakistani urban youth while disseminating a positive image of Pakistan. This occurs in the context of the efforts of Pakistani entrepreneurs and artists towards their insertion into the global market while overcoming the country’s negative international reputation due to religious violence. This article analyses Coke Studio Pakistan under the lens of neo-liberal nationalism, characterizing it as a nation-branding effort that uses music to make a representation of Pakistan that complies with Coca-Cola’s corporate goals and with the agendas of a sector of Pakistani artists. A quantitative and network analysis of the show reveals which artists, genres, regions and cultural groups the show privileges or overlooks. A qualitative study of the show’s communicational strategy and of the discourses of its creators and sponsors complements the quantitative analysis. This article explores the complexities of a nationalist model of multicultural citizenship promoted by the private sector, including issues of cultural representation, corporate agendas, class relationships, responsiveness to audiences’ demands and international politics.
A szubkulturális működés példái és hatása egy alternatív gimnázium belső diskurzusában
Authors: Szentesi Balázs
Published: August 2022

Kutatásom többek között a szociológusok, pszichológusok, kutató pedagógusok által is művelt ethnography of education vagy educational ethnography kutatási területhez (amelyet Mészáros [2017] pedagógiai etnográfiának fordít) kapcsolható, azon belül is a szűkebb területet lefedő, zömében antropológusok által végzett anthropology of education (pedagógiai antropológia) kutatásokhoz. Az ide tartozó munkák sajátommal közös elemei a résztvevő megfigyelés és nyitott végű kérdéseket tartalmazó interjúk alkalmazása a jelenségek belső olvasatának megértéséhez, a kultúra koncepciójának használata, az iskola mint kutatási terep felhasználása (annak ellenére, hogy a területen belül léteznek az oktatást/nevelést más környezetben is vizsgáló kutatások).
Szövegek a szövegben.
Authors: Sántha Kálmán , Tódor Erika-Mária
Published: August 2022

A rendszerezés igényével fellépő kvalitatív vizsgálatok módszertani hátterének elemzésénél lényeges tartalmi csomópontot jelent az idézetek használata. Jelen tanulmány a kutatási folyamat elméleti és gyakorlati aspektusainak összefüggéseire épít, ezért a teoretikus háttér mellett konkrét kutatási példák alapján illusztrálja az idézetek alkalmazhatóságát a kvalitatív vizsgálatokban. Célja bemutatni a szövegkorpuszok elemzése során megjelenő különféle idézetek formai és tartalmi elemeit, funkcióját, az idézetek típusait és szerepét az elméletvezérelt, adatvezérelt és kombinált kategóriaállítás során. Ezenfelül a tanulmány kitér az átírás, a szövegkorpusszá konvertálás szempontjaira és a folyamat szoftveres hátterére, valamint illusztrálja az idézetek szerepét a kvalitatív (tartalom)elemzés automatizált folyamatában. A tanulmány releváns információkkal segíti mindazon kutatókat, gyakorló pedagógusokat, hallgatókat, akik kvalitatív vizsgálataikban kiemelt figyelmet szánnak az idézetek szerepének.
Content analysis and ranking of irregularities in public sector construction procurement in South Africa
Authors:   Nelson Mandela University and University of Mpumalanga, South Africa, Lukhele Themba Mfanafuthi , Botha Brink ,   Nelson Mandela University, South Africa, Mbanga Sijekula ,   Nelson Mandela University, South Africa
Published: August 2022

In the South African government sector, public procurement is a strategic mechanism through which the government could be able to achieve the mandatory socioeconomic objectives. To this extent, the government procures goods and services from the private sector which can be estimated around eight hundred billion rand annually. Although there are numerous policy frameworks and systems to ensure that the management of the public procurement processes are fair, equitable, transparent, and cost-effective; the public procurement management practice, particularly in the delivery of construction goods and services, remains vulnerable to mismanagement and irregularities. To this extent, the nature of the irregularities and the stages at which they occur in the public procurement system remains unclear. To address this gap of knowledge, a content analysis method and the associated techniques of in-Vivo coding and word frequency analysis were used for the analysis of the secondary data. The study revealed that poor and or non-performance were the most frequent irregularities in the procurement of public construction services. The principal theoretical implication of this study is that rigorous proficiency measures should be applied to scrutinize and evaluate the potential of the contractors in terms of capacity to deliver in accordance with the contractual agreements prior to the awarding of contracts.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zeng Zhaoshang , Li Fenghui , Peng Zhiyun , Xia Han , Zeng Yunyi , Chen Haimin , Wang Yingjing , Xie Weining , Zhang Yanhua , Tang Zhongxiang
Published: August 2022

It remains a huge challenge for clinicians to diagnose Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) by a conventional method, which leads to delay in diagnosing PJP, accounting for higher mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A 69-year-old woman, who suffered from RA for years, developed acute respiratory failure. The computed tomography scan showed diffused effusion and ground glass opacity in both lungs, which could not be differentiated from interstitial pneumonia. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) revealed P. jirovecii in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with reads per million (RPM) of 17 and 437, while other diagnostic tests did not detect any pathogenic microorganism. The results were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (mtSSU region) against the same samples. The DNA RPM of P. jirovecii declined notably after treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The patient was discharged without treatment and finally passed away. This case fully highlights the sensitivity of mNGS in early diagnosis of PJP, which is of great significance for prognosis and treatment. Nonetheless, the clinical application of mNGS is worth further standardization and normalization.
Reference ranges for GDF-15, and risk factors associated with GDF-15, in a large general population cohort
Authors: Welsh Paul , Kimenai Dorien M. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Hayward Caroline , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Mills Nicholas L. , O’Rahilly Stephen , Sattar Naveed
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is attracting interest as a biomarker in several areas of medicine. We aimed to evaluate the reference range for GDF-15 in a general population, and to explore demographics, classical cardiovascular disease risk factors, and other cardiac biomarkers associated with GDF-15.

Methods

GDF-15 was measured in serum from 19,462 individuals in the Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study. Associations of cardiometabolic risk factors with GDF-15 were tested using adjusted linear regression. Among 18,507 participants with no heart disease, heart failure, or stroke, and not pregnant, reference ranges (median and 97.5th centiles) were derived by decade age bands and sex.

Results

Among males in the reference range population, median (97.5th centile) GDF-15 concentration at age <30 years was 537 (1,135) pg/mL, rising to 931 (2,492) pg/mL at 50–59 years, and 2,152 (5,972) pg/mL at ≥80 years. In females, median GDF-15 at age <30 years was 628 (2,195) pg/mL, 881 (2,323) pg/mL at 50–59 years, and 1847 (6,830) pg/mL at ≥80 years. Among those known to be pregnant, median GDF-15 was 19,311 pg/mL. After adjustment, GDF-15 was higher in participants with adverse cardiovascular risk factors, including current smoking (+26.1%), those with previous heart disease (+12.7%), stroke (+17.1%), heart failure (+25.3%), and particularly diabetes (+60.2%). GDF-15 had positive associations with cardiac biomarkers cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).

Conclusions

These data define reference ranges for GDF-15 for comparison in future studies, and identify potentially confounding risk factors and mediators to be considered in interpreting GDF-15 concentrations.
‘The whole fragment’: Fragments and ethics in the poetry of Ann Lauterbach
Authors: Hand Dominic
Published: August 2022

This essay reads the poetry of Ann Lauterbach, from the 1990 s to the present day, tracing the development of her central poetic concept of ‘the whole fragment’. Via close readings of exemplary works, the analysis is supported by her theoretical writings, essays and correspondence, and by archival material. The essay evidences ‘the whole fragment’ as a poetic methodology focused on flaws, ruptures, and transformations. It considers how loss and otherness catalyse the aporetic proclivity of Lauterbach’s poetry in the 1990 s, and analyses emergent formal ‘constellations’ and ‘reels’ as manifestations of ‘the whole fragment’. It then isolates an ethical turn for ‘the whole fragment’ in her poetry of the 2000 s, and traces its renewal through her most recent publications, up to 2018. Following this, it makes several critical postulations. Referencing concepts from Maurice Blanchot and Emmanuel Levinas, it analyses Lauterbach’s responses to 9/11 and the Other, and evaluates her ethical poetry of ‘disaster’. The essay’s conclusion distinguishes Lauterbach’s developments from contemporary practices of the ‘open’ text or ‘poethics’, in order to demonstrate the integrity, importance, and distinctiveness of her œuvre in contemporary American poetry.
Spanish heritage speakers’ processing of lexical stress
Authors: Ortín Ramsés
Published: August 2022

This study examines the status of lexical stress in the processing system of heritage speakers of Spanish and whether or not it is influenced by their experience with English. Participants completed an ABX matching task with auditory stimuli differing in the location of stress or in one consonantal sound. Findings reveal that heritage speakers are more accurate in consonant-based trials than in stress-based ones, but only when matching stimuli were non-adjacent, which suggests that their stress-processing strategies pattern more closely with those of native English speakers. Furthermore, dominance and knowledge of Spanish appear to be associated with increased phonological sensibility to stress contrasts. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Developing e-reading pedagogies informed by research
Authors: Garralda Ortega Ángel , Cheung Abel Hon Man , Fong Michelle Yuen Shan
Published: August 2022

This paper explores whether the reading comprehension of complex texts can be facilitated through an online reading platform designed for novice readers with English proficiencies below the Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) threshold. We hypothesize that computer-mediated text glosses could speed up lower-level processing in the readers’ working memory and thus enhance the overall comprehension of complex texts for study purposes. We tested 46 participants with estimated International English Language Testing System (IELTS) reading scores between 5 and 5.5, sampled from a pool of 1,406 students who took a diagnostic reading test and 631 students who completed a survey on their reading practices. Our participants were randomly assigned to read one General Reading IELTS text and one Academic Reading IELTS text, either on an on-screen Word file or on the e-reading platform with the glossing tool. The tests were video-recorded and the participants completed post-test interviews for further qualitative analysis. While the Mixed-model ANOVA did not suggest an interaction effect between the two language proficiency categories and the mode in which the tests were administered, it revealed a main effect on the use of online reading (p < 0.01) across the 5–5.5 IELTS spectrum, indicating that the electronic glosses enhanced reading comprehension. Implications for further research and pedagogy are discussed.
Chancen und Grenzen der Verwendung von fMRT in der neurokriminologischen Forschung
Authors: Kröll Hannah , Beckord Christina
Published: August 2022

Die Frage nach einer biologischen Disposition für kriminelles Verhalten ist so alt wie die Kriminologie selbst. Bereits 1876 versuchte Cesare Lombroso anhand des physischen Erscheinungsbildes von Verbrecher*innen Typologien für verschiedene Deliktsarten zu erstellen. Diese Form der biologischen Kriminologie fand in der NS-Zeit ihren dramatischen Höhepunkt und wurde im Anschluss an den zweiten Weltkrieg verpönt. Die technische Entwicklung der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) hat in der Gegenwart zu einer Renaissance der Neurokriminologie geführt. Zwar gibt es zahlreiche neue Erkenntnisse zu dem Zusammenhang von Hirnstruktur und -funktionalität mit individuellem Verhalten, gleichzeitig wurden jedoch auch Schwierigkeiten dieser Methode diskutiert. Neben datenschutzrechtlichen Herausforderungen und der Diskussion um die Existenz des freien Willens sind hier auch grundlegende messtechnische Probleme zu nennen. Der Wunsch, die bestehenden, meist soziologisch orientierten Erkenntnisse der Kriminologie um Risikofaktoren der biologischen Disposition zu erweitern, steht somit der Frage nach der Validität und Reliabilität der gewonnenen Ergebnisse gegenüber. In diesem Aufsatz wird die aktuelle Diskussion rund um fMRT im Zusammenhang mit delinquentem Verhalten für die oben genannten Bereiche nachgezeichnet und diskutiert.
Intermediate cervical plexus block in the management of treatment resistant chronic cluster headache following whiplash trauma in three patients: a case series
Authors: Niraj G.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Cluster headaches are an intensely painful and debilitating headache disorder. Conventional management includes abortive and preventative agents. A fifth of patients with chronic cluster headaches can be refractory to conventional treatment. Cluster headache can develop following whiplash trauma to the head and neck.

Case Presentation

Three patients were referred to a tertiary pain medicine unit in a university teaching hospital with treatment-resistant chronic cluster headache. They were treated with a novel intervention namely, ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus block with depot methylprednisolone. Patient one reported chronic cluster headache for three years. Patient two reported episodic cluster headache that appeared to be evolving into chronic cluster headache. Patient three reported bilateral cluster headache following a motor vehicle accident. Intermediate cervical plexus block provided significant and durable relief in three patients with treatment resistant chronic cluster headache.

Conclusions

The novel intervention may have played a role in aborting and preventing chronic cluster headaches.
Fast Retrieval Method of Massive Library Literature Resources Based on an Online Hash Algorithm
Authors: Wang Huan
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the relatively large amount of library literature resources, a fast retrieval method for massive library literature resources based on an online hash algorithm is designed. The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to calculate the correlation between library literature resources, the collaborative filtering algorithm is used to realize the library literature resource mining based on the calculation results, and the least squares method is used to filter the nonsignificant data features in the mining results. Construct a Hash-B-tree to search the user’s library literature resources on a certain day, design a hash function lookup table to manage inactive metadata, and use fuzzy theory to simulate data with similar characteristics in the data divergence measurement sample, minimize the divergence of the sample data, and finally visualize the retrieval results based on the subject hierarchical relationship. The experimental results show that this method has the advantages of higher retrieval result accuracy, faster retrieval efficiency, and higher comprehensiveness of retrieval results.
Modeling and Analysis of Psychological Change and Adaptability of College Students Based on Machine Learning as an Infrastructure to a Smart City
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the mental health education of college students, reduce the intermediate links, and improve work efficiency, this paper analyzes the psychological change characteristics and adaptability of college students based on machine learning. We should introduce speech recognition technology, carry out natural language processing, vectorize the speech text, construct the semantic perception model of college students’ mental health states, and track the sensitive words similar to the evaluation standard of college students’ mental health states; we should introduce multifeature fusion technology through measuring the description ability of different features, learn the complementary state of different sensitive words of different features, and perceive the psychological change characteristics of college students and serialize them; we should, based on the decision tree algorithm in machine learning, construct the analysis model of psychological adaptability of college students, analyze the sensitive words and the frequency and level of sensitive words in the process of college students’ mental health conversations, determine their adaptability, and complete the modeling and analysis of psychological change characteristics and adaptability of college students based on machine learning. The experimental results show that the method has no change to the original dependency relation, the time cost of feature acquisition is still small, and the sensing effect of sensitive words is close to the ideal value.
Shaping Information Processing: The Role of Oscillatory Dynamics in a Working Memory Task
Authors: ElShafei Hesham A. , Zhou Ying Joey , Haegens Saskia
Published: August 2022

Neural oscillations are thought to reflect low-level operations that can be used for higher-level cognitive functions. Here, we investigated the role of brain rhythms in the 1–30 Hz range by recording MEG in human participants performing a visual delayed match-to-sample paradigm in which orientation or spatial frequency of sample and probe gratings had to be matched. A cue occurring before or after sample presentation indicated the to-be-matched feature. We demonstrate that alpha/beta power decrease tracks the presentation of the informative cue and indexes faster responses. Moreover, these faster responses coincided with an augmented phase alignment of slow oscillations, as well as phase–amplitude coupling between slow and fast oscillations. Importantly, stimulus decodability was boosted by both low alpha power and high beta power. In summary, we provide support for a comprehensive framework in which different rhythms play specific roles: slow rhythms control input sampling, while alpha (and beta) gates the information flow, beta recruits task-relevant circuits, and the timing of faster oscillations is controlled by slower ones.
The Relationship Between Body Morphology and Narcissism at Zero Acquaintance
Authors: Rode Tjark , Kordsmeyer Tobias L. , Stern Julia
Published: August 2022

Narcissistic people are exceedingly successful in conveying positive first impressions to their social surrounding, yet, they appear to be the driving force behind unfavorable long-term social and romantic relationships. Hence, a quick identification of narcissistic people may be of adaptive value for their social partners. Narcissism perception research, however, is lacking evidence on human body morphology. In this study, N = 110 raters evaluated natural 3D body scans of unacquainted N = 307 target participants (152 men and 155 women) regarding narcissistic admiration and rivalry. Based on the Brunswikian lens model, multiple regression models revealed that bodily attractiveness (β = .54, 95% CI = [0.41; 0.66]), BMI (β = .32, 95% CI = [0.13; 0.51]), shoulder-to-hip ratio (β = .33, 95% CI = [0.20; 0.47]) and physical strength (β = .23, 95% CI = [0.07; 0.39]) were utilized in judging narcissistic admiration and rivalry. Shoulder-hip ratio showed small relationships with self-reported narcissistic admiration (β = .21, 95% CI = [0.03; 0.38]) and rivalry (β = .23, 95% CI = [0.07; 0.39]) that were not robust across all analyses. Correlations between self-reported and judged narcissism showed a significant positive association for narcissistic admiration (r = .17, 95% CI = [0.06; 0.28]). Results indicate a perceptual bias when judging narcissism, as perceivers used body cues to draw inferences about target’s levels of narcissism that were not significantly related to self-reported narcissistic admiration and rivalry (and can thus be seen as invalid). However, perceivers were able to somewhat accurately judge target’s levels of narcissistic admiration and rivalry, based on body morphology alone. Thus, people’s bodies might disclose social information at zero acquaintance, but different stimuli material with more information on the targets may lead to more accurate judgments.
Molecular mechanisms of resistance to kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancers
Authors: Hofmann Marie-Claude , Kunnimalaiyaan Muthusamy , Wang Jennifer R , Busaidy Naifa L , Sherman Steven I , Lai Stephen , Zafereo Mark , Cabanillas Maria E
Published: August 2022

Protein kinases play critical roles in cell survival, proliferation and motility. Their dysregulation is therefore a common feature in the pathogenesis of a number of solid tumors, including thyroid cancers. Inhibiting activated protein kinases has revolutionized thyroid cancer therapy, offering a promising strategy in treating tumors refractory to radioactive iodine treatment or cytotoxic chemotherapies. However, despite satisfactory early responses, these drugs are not curative and most patients inevitably progress due to drug resistance. This review summarizes up-to-date knowledge on various mechanisms that thyroid cancer cells develop to bypass protein kinase inhibition and outlines strategies that are being explored to overcome drug resistance. Understanding how cancer cells respond to drugs and identifying novel molecular targets for therapy still represents a major challenge for the treatment of these patients.
Binderless board made from composted rice straw as substrate for rice seedlings
Authors: Fu Bin , Sun Enhui , Yong Cheng , Chen Ling , Wei Zhenggui , Huang Hongying , Gao Bin , Qu Ping
Published: August 2022

A binderless board was produced from mechanically dissociated compost straw via suction filtration. The binderless board was applied to replace the topsoil that is currently used predominantly as the substrate for rice seedlings in China. The binderless board showed the highest tensile strength when the rice straw had been composted for 20 days. The bulk density, aeration, and total porosity of the binderless board showed an increasing trend with composting time, due to the increased decomposition of rice straw. The examination of the growth parameters and root morphology of the rice seedlings showed that electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and nutrient content of the binderless board made from rice straw composted for 10 days were conducive to the growth of seedlings. Polyphenols inhibited rice seedling height and shoot weight and promoted the rice seedling stem diameter and root weight. Considering the quality loss, growth index, and the strength of the binderless board, 10 days of composting is the optimal condition. These results indicate that binderless board can replace top soil and peat when used as the substrate for rice seedling.
Differences between the tasks of the regional and final stages of the all-russian schoolchildren’s olympiad in the english language
Authors: Gulov Artem
Published: August 2022

The issues of preparation for the All-Russian Olympiad of schoolchildren in English are relevant in the light of the increased interest in this intellectual competition from students. The state policy in the field of the development of giftedness encourages higher educational institutions to accept Olympiad winners without entrance tests, which also raises the prestige of the competition. In our article, we analyze the differences between the sets of regional and final stages of the 2020-21 school year, highlight the main differences and offer certain recommendations for preparation. A number of tasks are integrated, which increases their complexity and causes problems when solving them. At the Olympiad, listening and reading, a lexico-grammatical test and reading are integrated. The article analyzes scientific research on the topic, including the method of content analysis of the tasks. We are also studying official documents of the Central Subject-Methodological Commission, including methodological recommendations and protocols of the regional and final stages of the 2020-21 academic year. We emphasize the importance of developing creative thinking skills for the successful solution of complex logical tasks that are offered to students at Olympiad. The article identifies universal competencies, the development and formation of which allows developing the creative abilities of schoolchildren. We analyze our empirical experience in preparing Moscow schoolchildren as part of working with the Moscow city team from 2017 to 2021, including identifying the reasons for the unsuccessful participation of individual students. Our recommendations can be used to design educational courses in different regions of the country.
Education of female church choir masters in educational institutions at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries (with St. Vladimir’s church teacher’s school as an example)
Authors: Nikulina Anna
Published: August 2022

Since the middle of the XIX century, the development of education has become one of the important state priorities in the Russian Empire. The spread of education in society has influenced the development and democratization of the arts. At the end of the XIX century, as a result of social changes, the status of women in art was gradually revised. The history of musical education in Russia, as well as in foreign civilization, is inextricably linked with church culture. Our article will focus on St. Vladimir’s church teachers’ school in Saint-Petersburg which belongs to the religious department. This educational institution prepared teachers for parish schools. Musical education and in particular its choir part used to be of such a high quality there, that it could have been an example for many female institutes of that period. The historical experience of this education institution can still be useful today. This article concerns the choir education of the pupils of the school. There is also the aspect of church chants and the matter of school choir repertoire considered in the article. There are a number of prominent writings devoted to the development of musical education in Russia. However in the majority of cases female musical education is addressed briefly in all these writings. Nevertheless there were secondary educational female church institutions that had begun training women choirmasters, which provoked the raise of choir singing level in the country.
Dapsone for Refractory Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children With Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis
Authors: Yoshida Masashi , Nambu Ryusuke , Yasuda Ryosuke , Sakaguchi Hirotaka , Hara Tomoko , Iwama Itaru , Mizuochi Tatsuki
Published: August 2022

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is a systemic small-vessel vasculitis. Although corticosteroids (CS) are the primary treatment for gastrointestinal manifestations associated with IgAV, some patients develop refractory or recurrent symptoms such as vomiting and abdominal pain despite CS treatment. Dapsone, a synthetic sulfone antimicrobial, has been used to treat cutaneous purpura in IgAV, but few authors have reported its use for refractory gastrointestinal symptoms. In this retrospective observational study, we describe results in 7 children with IgAV who were treated with dapsone for abdominal pain resistant to CS. Dapsone rapidly relieved abdominal pain in all 7 patients, who then were tapered off CS without relapse. Side effects of mild methemoglobinemia and hemolysis appeared to be manageable with planned monitoring and dose adjustment; a single patient who discontinued dapsone had fatigue and hypoxia associated with methemoglobinemia. No side effects were life-threatening. Dapsone may be considered as a therapeutic option for gastrointestinal symptoms refractory to CS in children with IgAV.
La protesta laboral en Costa Rica (2013-2019): actores, repertorios y demandas
Authors: Alvarado Alcázar Alejandro , Cortés Sequeira Sofía , Sáenz Leandro Ronald
Published: August 2022

Mediante una metodología basada en el Análisis de Eventos de Protesta (AEP), el presente trabajo tiene como propósito central indagar en la configuración y características de la protesta laboral del sector público costarricense durante el período comprendido entre 2013 y 2019. Interesa particularmente identificar y caracterizar el comportamiento de dicho sector en términos de los actores demandantes, repertorios, demandas y actores demandados. El trabajo concluye que la protesta laboral del sector público costarricense ocupa un lugar central en el panorama general de la protesta social en el país, siendo la de mayor peso en su conjunto. Asimismo, postula que las personas trabajadoras del sector público recurren predominantemente a repertorios de acción institucional para plantear sus demandas, aunque esta tendencia se modifica en períodos de intensificación de la contienda política. Por último, las demandas muestran un doble carácter en tanto los reclamos de tipo gremial/sectorial relacionados con la defensa de las condiciones laborales persisten como los principales, pero sumados a demandas de carácter general referidas a campañas contra políticas de corte neoliberal y en defensa de la institucionalidad pública.