bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resiliência nos Sistemas Socioecológicos
Authors: De Miranda Ronaldo Leão , Martins Eliane Maria
Published: October 2019

Desde a revolução industrial o conceito de desenvolvimento econômico tem a conotação de aumento da capacidade de uma sociedade produzir mais bens e de uma maneira melhor, a satisfazer necessidades humanas. Neste sentido, é preciso discutir e equacionar as questões relacionadas à resiliência dos Sistemas Socioecológicos com base na prudência ecológica, equidade social e viabilidade econômica do processo produtivo. Para tanto, este estudo prima por verificar como a resiliência pode acontecer no que tange à inter-relação dos pilares da sustentabilidade. Essa inter-relação visa desarticular a falsa ideia de que a manutenção de um ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado reduz a possibilidade do desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva em relação a seu objetivo e qualitativa em relação à abordagem do problema. Espera-se, que este estudo possa contribuir para um melhor entendimento a respeito da tomada de decisão, cujo entendimento contribui para equalizar o dilema existente entre prudência ecológica, equidade social e viabilidade econômica. Compreender como acontece a resiliência do sistema socioecológico, tendo em vista os ajustes dos planos de desenvolvimento empresarial é essencial. Pois, com os planos de desenvolvimento empresarial alinhado numa visão pró-sustentabilidade, é possível se conciliar a prudência ecológica, com a viabilidade econômica e a equidade social.
MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF ANAK MELALUI MEDIA PUZZLE PADA KELOMPOK B TK MEKAR LAKANAHA KECAMATAN WADAGA KABUPATEN MUNA BARAT
Authors: Nurmaida Siti , Mansyur Mansyur
Published: October 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan kemampuan kognitif anak melalui media puzzle pada Kelompok B TK Mekar Lakanaha Kecamatan Wadaga Kabupaten Muna Barat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peneliti dan anak kelompok B dengan jumlah anak sebanyak 22 orang, yang terdiri dari 9 orang anak laki-laki dan 13 orang anak perempuan. Pelaksanaan tindakan mengikuti prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas. sebagai berikut ; 1) perencanaan; 2) pelaksanaan tindakan dan observasi; 3) evaluasi; 4) refleksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan kemampuan kognitif anak dari observasi awal anak sebesar 36%, meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 68%, dan pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 90%. Dengan demikian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media puzzle dapat mengembangkan kognitif anak di TK Mekar Lakanaha Kecamatan Wadaga Kabupaten Muna Barat. Kata kunci: Kognitif, Puzzle, Media.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG PERMULAAN ANAK MELALUI MEDIA KARTU ANGKA BERGAMBAR DI TK DARUL FALLAH KENDARI
Authors: Feni Wa Ode , Arvyaty Arvyaty
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan Anak melalui Media Kartu Angka Bergambar  di TK Darul Fallah Kendari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Tahap-tahap dalam penelitian ini yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan/observasi dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru sebagai peneliti dan anak Taman Kanak-Kanak Darul Fallah Kendari yang berjumlah 15 orang anak, masing-masing anak terdiri dari 7 anak laki-laki dan 8 orang anak perempuan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis peningkatan kemampuan berhitung permulaan anak melalui media kartu angka bergambar menunjukan adanya peningkatan, hal ini dapat ditunjukan pada hasil observasi awal sebelum tindakan dan sesudah tindakan sebesar 40% dari 15 anak didik, pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 60% dari 15 anak pada siklus 2 meningkat menjadi 86% dari 15 anak.  Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan berhitung permulaan anak dapat ditingkatkan melalui media kartu angka bergambar di TK Darul Fallah Kendari. Kata kunci: Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan, Kartu Angka Bergambar, Media.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Sains Anak Dengan Menggunakan Media Pasir
Authors: Endriati Lilis , Aisyah Aisyah
Published: October 2019

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sains anak dengan menggunakan media pasir pada kelompok B TK Taman Indriyah Kota Kendari. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Tahap-tahap dalam penelitian ini mengikuti prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas, yaitu: (1) perencanaan; (2) pelaksanaan; (3) pengamatan; (4) refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu anak Kelompok B TK Taman Indriyah yang berjumlah 8 orang anak perempuan dan 6 anak laki-laki. Berdasarkan hasil tentang kemampuan sains anak melalui  media pasir menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan, hal ini dapat dibuktikan pada hasil sebelum tindakan dan sesudah tindakan yang telah melewati standar ketuntasan hasil belajar anak ≥75%. Sebelum tindakan diperoleh persentase sebesar 35,71% dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 64,89%. Pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 85,71%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan sainsanak  Kelompok B TK Taman Indriyah dapat ditingkatkan melalui  media pasir. Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Sains, Media Pasir, Anak.
Methods of marketing investigations in the system of environmental marketing
Authors: Lazarenko Vladislav
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The effective use and analysis of market information about the market, its market conditions, consumer behavior becomes of special importance in the process of development of ecological marketing as a fundamental and applied discipline. And it is precisely on the quality of the results of marketing research that will depend on further strategy and competitiveness of the enterprise. That is why the question of marketing research and the methods of their conduct is relevant.
Methods. Such methods as analysis and synthesis, comparison, formalization are used when writing the article.
Results. Taking into account the definition of various scientists, as well as the fact that in our opinion, ecological marketing and marketing as a whole is part of the management process, marketing research should be regarded as “the process of systematic collection and analysis of data necessary to make managerial decisions to achieve the goals and objectives of the enterprise”.
Discussion. Further research will focus on identifying the most effective and optimal market research methods, collecting primary data, assessing consumer behavior and optimizing business development strategies.
Keywords: methodology, marketing research, ecological marketing, agrarian sector.
Evaluation of the security of the scope of culture expert method
Authors: Kuchyn Sergiy
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Ensuring national security is an urgent task for modern Ukraine. The national culture and its infrastructure components are given special attention in developed countries. Achieving the pace of rapid development of the national economy is now an important scientific and practical task. Ensuring the security of the sphere of culture is one of the priority directions of state security policy.
Methods. The following methods of scientific knowledge are used in the course of the research: analysis, synthesis, grouping, analytical method, forecast method, study of scientific and statistical sources, tabular method, expert method.
Results. The article proposes an approach to assessing the level of security of the sphere of culture by the indices of macroeconomic and social and demographic security. The article has received a practical implementation of the approach to assessing the level of security of the sphere of culture by an expert method. The conducted research has allowed to reveal a state of safety of a sphere of culture. The weight coefficients of economic and social and demographic security indices are obtained.
Discussion. The prospect of further exploration in this direction is to develop a method of the main components and comparative analysis to assess the level of national security and security of the sphere of culture.
Keywords: macroeconomic, social and demographic, security, culture, expert method, algorithm, questionnaire.
Modern condition of small entrepreneurship development in Ukraine and efficiency of regulatory policies in this sphere
Authors: Barna Marta , Moroz Svitlana
Published: October 2019

Іntroduction. The stable functioning and qualitative development of enterprises of the small business sector largely depend on the state's effective regulatory policy in a modern economy. Necessary are regulatory measures of the state in relation to entrepreneurship development, increase their efficiency, improvement of methods of influence on entrepreneurial activity, which will help to equalize cyclical tendencies in the functioning of small businesses, increase their social role in the social and economic development of regions and the country as a whole. In this regard, it is expedient to study the current state of small business development through the prism of identifying the advantages and disadvantages of regulatory policy in this area.
Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: statistical analysis and systematization; empirical synthesis and generalization in the process of research.
Results. The article covers the existing manifestations of improvement of certain important economic indicators: increase of sales volumes, growth of the share of small business in GDP and in the total number of economic entities, increase of assets and capital, increase of labor productivity and social parameters. The shortcomings of small business development in Ukraine were identified, among them: a decrease in the number of small business entities, low financial and economic efficiency, weak financial and economic status of small enterprises, high level of profitability of economic activity, small number of employed and self-employed in this sector of the economy, reduction of available workers places, critical imbalances and deformations in the development of the small business sector in the spatial and sectoral aspects.
Discussion. Since regulatory policy plays a strategically important role in the functioning of the small business sector, the study of its effectiveness and the identification of deficiencies will allow to form a high-quality business environment favorable for the activation of the entrepreneurial activity of the population, the emergence of new ones, and the improvement of the efficiency of business activities of the small business actors, balanced development of the entrepreneurial sector of the national economy as a whole.
Keywords: development, small business, regulatory policy, financial and economic condition, labor productivity.
Analysis of authentication of signs of mechanism management of enterprises on processing of milk financial safety
Authors: Khomenko Aleksandr
Published: October 2019

Introduction. For today a problem in the permanent overfalls of economy results in appearance of risks and threats which result in the increase of danger in relation to the financial sphere of activity of enterprises on processing of milk. Authentication of signs of mechanism management financial safety will enable to find out connections between financial performance indicators, them financial firmness and solvency and by effective neutralization of financial risks and threats.
Methods. Methodological basis of research is a dialectical method of scientific cognition. The scientific and special methods of research are used, namely: abstractly logical, integral analysis, generalization, statistical.
Results. Conducted analysis of financial results of activity of enterprises on processing of milk, enables to find out the tendencies of financial indexes, analyse financial strength of enterprises security, probe work of managers in relation to the use of potential of enterprises, providing of necessities, in economic and business development, interests of participants management, increase of level of competitiveness, and will allow to develop the mechanisms management of enterprises financial safety on processing of milk of Ukraine. On the basis of conducted integral estimation of the financial state of the probed enterprises, interests of participants are represented, and the integral index of the financial state is got characterizes the investment attractiveness of enterprises.
Discussion. The got results allowed to outline financial strength of enterprises security on processing of milk, to develop the mechanisms management financial safety which can be used enterprises on processing of milk in Ukraine.
Keywords: financial safety, economic security, management, threat, risk, financial safety.
ALOKASI PENGGUNAAN REMITTANCE TENAGA KERJA WANITA (TKW) DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA JOROK KECAMATAN UTAN
Authors: Permata Cita Fitriah
Published: October 2019

This thesis aims to determine the allocation of use of women remittance labor to the level of community welfare and from the allocation type of allocation which has an impact on the welfare of society. This research uses two methods of analysis i.e. qualitative analysis with a deskriftive approach and analysis of process hierarchy with data collection by way of interviews. The research object amounted to 50 people from the former TKW or TKW family determined by Convenience sampling. The second object amounted to 15 experts, namely academics who understand about welfare and determined by purposive sampling. The research location is located in Jorok Village, Utan Sumbawa District. Based on the analysis of the data that has been carried out the research results that there are two types of remittance categories that are consumptive and productive, from the productive use of TKW allocating remittance funds to education, buy land, animals Livestock and enterprises. As for consumptive use, namely fulfillment of daily necessities, vehicles, pay debts and home renovation. When compared to any criteria of productive use, buying land is the use that most affects the TKW in the use of remittance funds and is long term. For consumptive use, daily necessities are the most impactful uses for short-term TKW welfare.
Importancia de crear una Política Pública Abierta para el logro de la igualdad de género
Authors: González Beltrones Adria Velia , Aragón Salcido María Inés , Valenzuela Miranda Guadalupe Aleida , Rocha Ontiveros María Dolores , Torres Anaya Ulises
Published: October 2019

El documento describe la importancia de crear una Política Pública Abierta, para alcanzar,mediante el presupuesto participativo con perspectiva de género,la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres en determinados rubros.
Control de convencionalidad
Authors: Brambilla Ramírez Marco Antonio
Published: October 2019

El “control de convencionalidad” es un mecanismo que debe ser llevado a cabo, primero por los cuerpos judiciales domésticos, haciendo una 'comparación' entre el derecho local y el supranacional conocido como control difuso, a fin de velar por el efecto útil de los instrumentos internacionales, sea que surja de los tratados, del ius cogens o de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos; y luego esa tarea debe ser ejercida por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos si es que el caso llega a sus estrados, este último mecanismo se denomina control concentrado. Uno de sus principios fundamentales lo constituye el objeto mismo de este mecanismo, los derechos humanos, también integran estos principios los sujetos pasivos y activos siendo los primeros los estados firmantes de los tratados internacionales mientras que los gobernados constituyen los segundos, además de los principios mismos de un Estado de Derecho.
El Debido Proceso
Authors: Hidalgo Hurtado Daniel
Published: October 2019

En el presente documento se examina en forma panorámica el debido proceso, su conquista, evolución, definición, observación y condiciones que deben cumplirse para asegurar que toda persona emplazada o inculpada pueda defenderse y garantizar el cumplimiento de sus derechos; esto se le conoce como "derecho al debido proceso legal". Igualmente se refieren procesos históricos relacionados con su observancia en México.
Leyes generales y soberanía de las Entidades Federativas
Authors: Ibarra Zavala Brenda
Published: October 2019

En el desarrollo de este ensayo, vamos a hablar de las Leyes Generales y la Soberanía de las Entidades Federativas. Para lo anterior, definiremos conceptos tales como Estado, Soberanía, Ley, pasaremos por el proceso legislativo ley general, y veremos también un poco respecto a cómo está divido nuestro país territorialmente en el aspecto político. En el sistema mexicano, como veremos a lo largo del trabajo, se habla de Soberanía Nacional, esto es, de la soberanía de una nación que está conformada –como se explicará- por treinta y dos entidades federativas que, según lo que establece nuestra Carta Magna también son soberanos. Luego, el objetivo del trabajo es concluir si las leyes generales interfieren, interrumpen o de alguna manera vulneran la soberanía que por mandato constitucional es inherente a las Entidades Federativas. ¿Pueden subsistir una soberanía dentro de otra soberanía?
Volunteers, Place, and Ultramarathons: Addressing The Challenge of Recruitment and Retention
Authors: Hinch Tom D. , Cameron Craig D.
Published: October 2019

Ultramarathons are often hosted in peripheral areas featuring challenging natural landscapes. Given limited local volunteer pools in these areas, the recruitment and retention of visiting volunteers is crucial to the sustainability of these events, yet little is known about the importance
of the destination or place in terms of the volunteer experience. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gain insight into the role that place plays in volunteer experiences at an ultramarathon in a peripheral area. A case study methodology was adopted with a focus on volunteers at the
Canadian Death Race in Grande Cache (GC), Alberta, Canada. Semistructured interviews with event hosts, local volunteers, and visiting volunteers provided insight into the place dimension of the volunteer experiences. In phase 1, interviews with event/community hosts confirmed that local volunteer
retention was challenging due to the growing demands of the event and to local volunteer fatigue. A systematic thematic analysis in phase 2 found that volunteers were connected to the destination through the place-based themes of: 1) beauty, 2) remoteness, 3) event, and 4) community. These
findings demonstrated that "place mattered" in the experience of local and visiting volunteers. Therefore, organizers should actively recognize the importance of place when recruiting and retaining volunteers for these types of events in remote communities.
Auroral Beads at Saturn and the Driving Mechanism: Cassini Proximal Orbits
Authors: Radioti A. , Yao Zhonghua , Grodent Denis , Palmaerts B. , Roussos E. , Dialynas K. , Mitchell D. , Pu Z. , Badman S. V. , Gérard J.-C. , Pryor W. , Bonfond B.
Published: October 2019

During the Grand Finale Phase of Cassini, the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph on board the spacecraft detected repeated detached small-scale auroral structures. We describe these structures as auroral beads, a term introduced in the terrestrial aurora. Those on DOY 232 2017 are observed to extend over a large range of local times, i.e., from 20 LT to 11 LT through midnight. We suggest that the auroral beads are related to plasma instabilities in the magnetosphere, which are often known to generate wavy auroral precipitations. Energetic neutral atom enhancements are observed simultaneously with auroral observations, which are indicative of a heated high pressure plasma region. During the same interval we observe conjugate periodic enhancements of energetic electrons, which are consistent with the hypothesis that a drifting interchange structure passed the spacecraft. Our study indicates that auroral bead structures are common phenomena at Earth and giant planets, which probably demonstrates the existence of similar fundamental magnetospheric processes at these planets.
Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic co-resistance among carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Khurshid Mohsin , Rasool Muhammad Hidayat , Siddique Muhammad Hussnain , Azeem Farrukh , Naeem Muhammad , Sohail Muhammad , Sarfraz Muhammad , Saqalein Muhammad , Taj Zeeshan , Nisar Muhammad Atif , Qamar Muhammad Usman , Shahzad Asim
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is difficult to control especially in the hospitals due to the successful mobilization and evolution of the genetic elements harboring the resistant determinants. The study was conducted to examine the distribution of aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and sulfonamide-resistant determinants among CRAB isolates that carry the blaOXA-23 gene.

Methodology: For a total of 160 CRAB strains isolated at tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan that mainly carried blaOXA-23 gene were included in the study to evaluate the assortment of antibiotic resistance genes.

Results: The susceptibility rates of CRAB for other than beta-lactam drugs were 2.5% for both ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides and 18% and 25% for sulfonamides and tetracyclines, respectively. Polymyxin B (MIC90, 1 g/mL) Colistin (MIC90, 1 g/mL) and Tigecycline (MIC90, 2 g/mL) were most active against these extensively drug-resistant CRAB isolates. The isolates were found to possess various genes mainly the tetB and sul2 for tetracycline and sulfonamide but the genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides were varied with various combinations.

Conclusion: Despite the CRAB clones containing blaOXA-23 have been previously reported in Pakistani hospitals, the screening of genetic determinants responsible for other antimicrobial agents is crucial for developing an effective surveillance and mitigation system for infection management.
Colistin nephrotoxicity in critically ill patients after implementation of a new dosing strategy
Authors: Ozel Ayse Serra , Ergönül Önder , Korten Volkan
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Intravenous colistin is increasingly used to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Highly variable nephrotoxicity rates have been reported. Recent PK/PD studies propose a loading dose and a maintenance dose for better efficacy, but data on the renal toxicity of such regimens are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for nephrotoxicity related to colistin after implementation of a new dosing regimen including a loading dose.

Methodology: This was a prospective observational study that was made between adult patients who received a minimum of 48 hours of intravenous colistin from December 2012 to January 2014 at the medical and surgical intensive care units (ICU) of a university hospital. The severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined by the RIFLE criteria.

Results: Fifty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria, and 31 (52.5%) developed nephrotoxicity. The APACHE-II score was > 15 in 81% of patients. The median time to nephrotoxicity was 7 days. Patients with AKI were in risk (10.2%), injury (16.9%), failure (25.4%), and none of the patients developed permanent renal insufficiency. A logistic regression model identified three predictors of colistin-associated nephrotoxicity: age; the number of days that estimated target plasma concentrations of colistin were ≥ 3.5 mg/L in the first week of therapy; and baseline creatinine level.

Conclusion: In this cohort of severely ill ICU patients, colistin led to a relatively high rate of nephrotoxicity. Further studies are needed to identify the optimal dose for both efficacy and safety.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus epidemic impact on healthcare workers’ risk perceptions, work and personal lives
Authors: Alsubaie Sarah , Hani Temsah Mohamad , Al-Eyadhy Ayman A , Gossady Ibrahim , Hasan Gamal M , Al-rabiaah Abdulkarim , Jamal Amr A , Alhaboob Ali AN , Alsohime Fahad , Somily Ali M
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to cause frequent outbreaks in hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Since healthcare workers (HCWs) have a higher risk of acquiring and spreading MERS-CoV, we aimed to evaluate the perceived risk and anxiety level of HCWs in Saudi Arabia regarding MERS.

Methodology: An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was sent online to HCWs at King Khalid University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The total knowledge and anxiety scores were calculated. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of high anxiety scores.

Results: Of 591 (70%) HCWs that responded, 284 (55%), 164 (32%), and 68 (13.2%) were physicians, nurses, and technicians, respectively. Physicians obtained a lower median knowledge score (6/9) compared to other professions (7/9). The mean anxiety score was similar for physicians and other HCWs (3/5); however, non-physicians expressed higher levels of anxiety toward the risk of transmitting MERS-CoV to their families, with an anxiety score of 4/5. The ability of the virus to cause severe disease or death was the most frequently reported reason for worry by physicians (89.7%) and non-physicians (87.2%). Overall, 80% of physicians and 90% of non-physicians reported improvement in adherence to hand hygiene and standard precautions while in hospital (p = 0.002). Concern over transmitting MERS-CoV to family members was the most predictive factor for anxiety among non-physician HCWs.

Conclusion: A significant proportion of HCWs expressed anxiety about the risk of acquiring MERS-CoV infection. Healthcare institutions need to develop an integrated psychological response for HCWs to the occupational and psychological challenge of MERS-CoV outbreaks.
Ants trapped for years in an old bunker; survival by cannibalism and eventual escape
Authors: Rutkowski Tomasz , Maák István , Vepsäläinen Kari , Trigos-Peral Gema , Stephan Wojciech , Wojtaszyn Grzegorz , Czechowski Wojciech
Published: October 2019

Successful evacuation of a peculiar ‘colony’ of the wood ant Formica polyctena Först., for years trapped within an old bunker previously used for storing nuclear weapons (see Czechowski et al. 2016), is reported. Using an experimentally installed boardwalk, the imprisoned ants managed to get through the ventilation pipe to their maternal nest on the top of the bunker. In our previous report, we left open the question of how the ‘colony’ could survive seemingly without food. Here we show that the ‘colony’ in the bunker survived and grew thanks to an influx of workers from the source nest above the bunker and mass consumption of corpses of the imprisoned nestmates.
Taxonomy of two synnematal fungal species from Rhus chinensis, with Flavignomonia gen. nov. described
Authors: Jiang Ning , Yang Qin , Liang Ying-Mei , Tian Chengming
Published: October 2019

Rhus chinensis represents a commercially and ecologically important tree species in China, but suffers from canker diseases in Jiangxi Province. Synnemata, pycnidia and ascomata were discovered on cankered tissues. Strains were obtained from single ascospore or conidium within the fruiting bodies and identified based on morphological comparison and the phylogenetic analyses of partial ITS, LSU, tef1 and rpb2 gene sequences. As a result, two species were confirmed to represent two kinds of synnemata. One of these species is described herein as Flavignomonia rhoigenagen. et sp. nov.; and Synnemasporella aculeans is illustrated showing ascomata, pycnidia and synnemata. Flavignomonia is distinguished from Synnemasporella by the colour of the synnematal tips. Additionally, Flavignomonia can be distinguished from the other gnomoniaceous genera by the formation of synnemata.
The FLORIVON flora survey in the Netherlands between 1902 and 1950
Authors: Sparrius Laurens B. , van Heeswijk Joop , Dirkse Gerard M. , Verhofstad Michiel J. J. M.
Published: October 2019

In 1902, the nationwide citizen science project, known as FLORIVON, for mapping the flora of the Netherlands was launched, resulting in the publication of a complete flora atlas in 1980. Until 2004, the atlas dataset of the fieldwork between 1902 and 1950 had only been partly digitised and observations were aggregated and anonymised. Between 2001 and 2018, the dataset has been entirely digitised from the original field forms, including notes on non-native taxa. This paper presents key characteristics and figures of the dataset and provides an overview of the historical survey project, the digitisation process and subsequent validation of the data. The dataset is currently curated in the National Database Flora and Fauna and published in GBIF.
Les travailleurs sociaux en charge des demandeurs d’asile et mineurs étrangers isolés face à l’administration : pressions et résistance
Authors: Pather Selvinah
Published: October 2019

Cet article tente de décrire les difficultés que rencontrent les travailleurs sociaux dans leur pratique de l’accompagnement des demandeurs d’asile et mineurs isolés étrangers. Il s’agit d’un état des lieux tiré des expériences de l’auteur en tant qu’avocate spécialisée en droit des étrangers. La mise en œuvre d’une politique de l’État français, toujours plus attentatoire aux droits de ces populations, vient ébranler les convictions des travailleurs sociaux. Ces derniers sont amenés à redessiner les contours de leur pratique et décident avant tout de suivre leur éthique personnelle et professionnelle.
Applications of dual energy CT in clinical practice: A pictorial essay
Authors: Sanghavi Parang S , Jankharia Bhavin G
Published: October 2019

In dual-energy CT (DECT), two different x-ray spectra are used to acquire two image datasets of the same region, to allow the analysis of energy-dependent changes in the attenuation of different materials. Each type of material demonstrates a relatively specific change in attenuation between images obtained with a high-energy spectrum and those obtained with a low-energy spectrum. Based on the relatively specific change in attenuation with two different energies, material composition information can be obtained to allow tissue characterization. The DECT ability of material differentiation allows bone removal in various CT angiography studies and bone marrow edema depiction, while with material optimization, metal artefacts can be significantly reduced to almost nil. DECT allows material separation to differentiate uric acid crystals from calcium to determine the composition of urinary calculi and to diagnose gout. Using the DECT ability of material decomposition, iodine maps can be generated, which are useful in the evaluation of any enhancing lesion in the body without the need to obtain a plain scan and allow perfusion maps to be created in cases of pulmonary thromboembolism.
Moringa oleifera seed as a natural coagulant to treat low-turbidity water by in-line filtration
Authors: Ribeiro João Vitor Mariano , Andrade Priscila Vega , Reis Adriano Gonçalves dos
Published: October 2019

This study evaluated the use of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed as a natural coagulant for the removal of turbidity and apparent color in the water treatment with low initial turbidity through the in-line filtration technique. The morphology and surface charge were investigated by characterization techniques such as optical microscopy, laser particle size, and zeta potential. The cationic proteins of the MO seed were extracted in aqueous solution. The jar test showed the potability standards for turbidity and apparent color were reached in the pH range from 4.0 to 8.5 and dosages ≥ 5 mg L-1 of MO. The dominant coagulation mechanism is adsorption and charge neutralization. This study showed that treating low-turbidity water with MO seed by the in-line filtration technique is possible.
La responsabilidad internacional del Estado mexicano, respecto del maltrato a las niñas, niños y adolescentes
Authors: Elizalde Castañeda Rodolfo Rafael , Flores López Norma Patricia
Published: October 2019

En este documento se realiza un análisis sobre la responsabilidad internacional del Estado mexicano producto del incumplimiento de sus obligaciones constitucionales y convencionales ante el maltrato de las niñas, niños y adolescentes por parte de quienes ejercen la patria potestad o se encuentran al cuidado directo de los mismos; asimismo, se analizan los órganos encargados de sancionar esas conductas. También se efectúa un estudio sobre la legislación internacional y nacional aplicable. Como todo abordaje académico y científico que permite investigar, analizar y comprender la realidad para intentar cambiarlo, utilizamos la teoría “optimista” de los derechos humanos, también conocida como teoría “ideal”, que tiene su origen en el derecho natural, pero, confrontándola con la teoría “pesimista “crítica”,” o “controvertida”, que históricamente se ha derivado de ese mismo modelo. Sin omitir la parte de antecedentes, este estudio lo abordamos a partir de la reforma constitucional del 10 de junio de 2011, la cual establece la obligación del propio Estado para promover, respetar, proteger y garantizar los derechos humanos, así como prevenir, investigar, sancionar y reparar sus violaciones.
Pós-graduação stricto sensu e educação básica: que relação é essa?
Authors: Oliveira Dayse Kelly Barreiros de , Silva Kátia Augusta Curado Pinheiro Cordeiro da , Moura Ellen Michelle Barbosa de
Published: October 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo compreender como as ações governamentais têm materializado a articulação entre pós-graduação em educação Stricto Sensu e educação básica no que diz respeito à formação de professores através da discussão acerca da relação entre a formação stricto sensu e a formação continuada de professores que atuam na educação básica. As inquietações que levaram à escrita deste artigo foram as questões relativas ao papel da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); aos objetivos dos Programas de Pós-graduação em Educação (PPGE) em relação à formação dos seus discentes; à compreensão da diferença entre o mestrado profissional e acadêmico em termos de proposta para formação stricto sensu do professor da educação básica, em relação aos regimentos dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em educação.  Para possibilitar a investigação proposta fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática e análise de documentos do Ministério da Educação (MEC), da CAPES e dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Como considerações é possível inferir que existem ações que materializam possíveis articulações entre a pós-graduação stricto sensu e a educação básica, bem como instituições que já trazem em seus regimentos essa questão. Porém, ainda há um longo caminho a ser trilhado na aproximação entre universidade e escola.
Dividend payout ratio follows a Tweedie distribution: international evidence
Authors: Dragotă Victor , Pele Daniel Traian , Yaseen Hanaan
Published: October 2019

Dividend policy is still a largely discussed issue in corporate finance literature. One of the main indicators used in analysing the dividend policy is the dividend payout ratio. Using a database consisting of 12,085 companies operating in 73 countries, for the period 2008–2014, the authors found that the dividend payout ratio follows a Tweedie distribution, and not a normal one. This distribution is stable over time for the entire analysed period. In addition, it describes the case of almost all the countries included in the sample. Thus, a better estimation of the probability that dividend payout ratio is lower or higher than a benchmark can be provided. Also, an analysis of dividend policy, distinctly considering payer versus non-payer companies, can offer additional important information for both practitioners and academics.
Realism in Greek Cinema
Authors: Karalis Vrasidas
Published: October 2019

The history of Greek cinema post-1945 is best understood through the stories of its most internationally celebrated and influential directors. Focusing on the works of six major filmmakers active from just after WWII to the present day, with added consideration of many others, this book examines the development of cinema as an art form in the social and political contexts of Greece. Insights on gender in film, minority cinemas, stylistic richness and the representation of historical trauma are afforded by close readings of the work and life of such luminaries as Michael Cacoyannis, Nikos Koundouros, Yannis Dalianidis, Theo Angelopoulos, Antouanetta Angelidi, Yorgos Lanthimos, Athena-Rachel Tsangari and Costas Zapas. Throughout, the book examines how directors visually transmute reality to represent unstable societies, disrupted collective memories and national identity.
US vs. Euro Area
Authors: Cerutti Eugenio , Osorio Buitron Carolina
Published: October 2019

This paper analyzes the drivers of cross-border bank lending to 49 Emerging Markets (EMs)
during the period 1990Q1-2014Q4, by assessing the impact of monetary, financial and real
sector shocks in both the US and the euro area. The literature has traditionally highlighted the
influence of US monetary policy on driving cross-border bank flows, and more recently the
importance of both US and Euro Area (EA) financial/banking sectors’ related variables. Our
contribution is the simultaneous analysis of the role of these US and EA drivers, as well as
their interactions with real sector shocks. We corroborate the negative impact of US monetary
policy tightening on cross-border lending to EMs, but we find that EA monetary policy seems
to have an impact mostly on Emerging Europe, reflecting the fact that cross-border lending to
most other EM regions is dollar denominated. We also find that real sector shocks in both the
US and EA trigger an increase in cross-border lending, but less in EA when modeling the
financial sector. Finally, for financial sector shocks, such as those associated with a decrease
in bank leverage, our results indicate a broad-based overall contraction of cross-border lending
if the shock originates in the US, and heterogenous effects across borrowing regions if the
shock originates in the EA.
State-Owned Enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Cegar Bobana , Parodi Francisco
Published: October 2019

Based on a new database of State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) financial statements, we find that
SOEs in Bosnia and Herzegovina are mostly in poor financial shape. We estimate the overall
size and composition of the SOE sector, and identify individual companies that affect fiscal
and macroeconomic performance. Financial analysis suggests that SOEs are not contributing
enough to the economy. We also review the SOE governance framework and find that
governments do not exercise their ownership function in line with WB/OECD guidelines.
Reforms to the governance frameworks are necessary to foster transparency and improve
accountability. More fundamental reform of the SOE sector might increase overall GDP by 3
percent per year.
How Informative Are Real Time Output Gap Estimates in Europe?
Authors: Kangur Alvar , Kirabaeva Koralai , Natal Jean-Marc , Voigts Simon
Published: October 2019

We study the properties of the IMF-WEO estimates of real-time output gaps for countries in the euro area as well as the determinants of their revisions over 1994-2017. The analysis shows that staff typically saw economies as operating below their potential. In real time, output gaps tend to have large and negative averages that are largely revised away in later vintages. Most of the mis-measurement in real time can be explained by the difficulty in predicting recessions and by overestimation of the economy’s potential capacity. We also find, in line with earlier literature, that real-time output gaps are not useful for predicting inflation. In addition, countries where slack (and potential growth) is overestimated to a larger extent primary fiscal balances tend to be lower and public debt ratios are higher and increase faster than projected. Previous research suggests that national authorities’ real-time output gaps suffer from a similar bias. To the extent these estimates play a role in calibrating fiscal policy, over-optimism about long-term growth could contribute to excessive deficits and debt buildup.
VAT Notches, Voluntary Registration, and Bunching
Authors: Liu Li , Lockwood Ben , Almunia Miguel , Tam Eddy
Published: October 2019

Using administrative tax records for UK businesses, we document both bunching in annual turnover below the VAT registration threshold and persistent voluntary registration by almost half of the firms below the threshold. We develop a conceptual framework that can simultaneously explain these two apparently conflicting facts. The framework also predicts that higher intermediate input shares, lower product-market competition and a lower share of business to consumer (B2C) sales lead to voluntary registration. The predictions are exactly the opposite for bunching. We test the theory using linked VAT and corporation tax records from 2004-2014, finding empirical support for these predictions.
Republic of Azerbaijan
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: October 2019

Azerbaijan is recovering from a banking crisis and recession caused by a prolonged decline in oil prices since mid-2014. Monetary conditions remain tight under a de facto peg. Despite rising government spending, the fiscal position is projected to strengthen in 2019 mainly due to firmer oil prices and improvements in revenue administration. Weaknesses in bank balance sheets, structural and policy rigidities, and institutional and governance deficiencies hinder medium-term growth prospects and weaken resilience to shocks.
Effects of stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCIs) on sulfate formation: a sensitivity analysis during summertime in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), China
Authors: Liu Lang , Bei Naifang , Wu Jiarui , Liu Suixin , Zhou Jiamao , Li Xia , Yang Qingchuan , Feng Tian , Cao Junji , Tie Xuexi , Li Guohui
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Sulfate aerosols have profound impacts on the climate,
ecosystem, visibility, and public health, but the sulfate formation pathway
remains elusive. In the present study, a source-oriented WRF-Chem model is
applied to simulate a persistent air pollution episode from 4 to 15 July 2015 in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), China, to study the contributions of four
pathways to sulfate formation. When comparing simulations to
measurements in BTH, the index of agreement (IOA) of meteorological
parameters, air pollutants, and aerosol species generally exceeds 0.6. On
average in BTH, the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 involving aerosol
water and the SO2 oxidation by OH constitutes the two most important
sulfate sources, with a contribution of about 35 %–38 % and
33 %–36 %, respectively. Primary sulfate emissions account
for around 22 %–24 % of the total sulfate concentration. SO2
oxidation by stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCIs) also plays an
appreciable role in sulfate formation, with a contribution of around
9 % when an upper limit of the reaction rate constant of sCIs with SO2
(κsCI+SO2=3.9×10-11 cm3 s−1) and
a lower limit of the reaction rate constant of sCIs with H2O (κsCI+H2O=1.97×10-18 cm3 s−1) are
used. Sensitivity studies reveal that there are still large uncertainties
in the sulfate contribution of SO2 oxidation by sCIs. The sulfate
contribution of the reaction is decreased to less than 3 % when κSCI+SO2 is decreased to 6.0×10-13 cm3 s−1.
Furthermore, when κsCI+H2O is increased to 2.38×10-15 cm3 s−1 based on the reported ratio of κSCI+H2O to κSCI+SO2 (6.1×10-5), the
sulfate contribution becomes insignificant at less than 2 %. Further studies
need to be conducted to better determine κsCI+SO2 and
κsCI+H2O to evaluate the effects of sCI chemistry on
sulfate formation.
Comparison of RO tropopause height based on different tropopause determination methods
Authors: Liu Ziyan , Bai Weihua , Sun Yueqiang , Xia Junming , Tan Guangyuan , Cheng Cheng , Du Qifei , Wang Xianyi , Zhao Danyang , Tian Yusen , Meng Xiangguang , Liu Congliang , Cai Yuerong , Wang Dongwei
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Tropopause region is a significant layer among the earth's atmosphere, receiving increasing attention from atmosphere and climate researchers. To monitor global tropopause via radio occultation (RO) data, there are mainly two methods, one is the widely used temperature lapse rate method, and the other is bending angle covariance transform method. In this paper, we use FengYun3-C (FY3C) and Meteorological Operational Satellite Program (MetOp) RO data and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data to analyse the difference of RO tropopause height calculated by the two methods mentioned above. To give an objective and complete analysis, we first take ECMWF lapse rate tropopause (LRT) height (LRTH) as reference to discuss the absolute bias of RO LRTH and RO bending angle tropopause (BAT) height (BATH), and then give the comparison results between RO LRTH and corresponding RO BATH as supplement to analyse the difference between tropopause height derived from the above two methods. The results indicate that BATH show consistent 0.8–1.2 km positive bias over tropics and high latitude region compared with LRTH, and over mid latitude region, results of BATH show less stability. Besides, the mean bias between BATH and LRTH presents different symmetrical characteristic during 2017.12–2018.2 (DJF) and 2018.6–2018.8 (JJA). However, the mean value of both LRTH and BATH show the similar tropopause variation trend, indicating the availability of both two methods.
Wind-driven stratification patterns and dissolved oxygen depletion in the area off the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary
Authors: Liblik Taavi , Wu Yijing , Fan Daidu
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The area off the Changjiang Estuary is under strong impact of fresh water and anthropogenic nutrient load from the Changjiang River. The seasonal hypoxia in the area has variable location and range, but the decadal trend reveals expansion and intensification of the dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion. Two oceanographic cruises, conducted in summer 2015 and 2017, revealed very different stratification and DO conditions in the area. Strongly inclined oxycline well correlated with the thermocline in both years. Southerly wind caused reversal of the Chinese Coastal Current and as a result, spreading of the CDW (Changjiang Diluted Water) caused pronounced hypoxic zone in the area east and northeast of the river mouth in 2017. Hypoxic layer started right below the CDW layer at 5–8 m depth and extended down to bottom. Strong DO depletion was also observed in the shallow coastal slope in the southern part of the study area. High DO utilization there closely coincided with the interaction zone of the upwelling and fresher surface water. The stratification and hypoxia pattern observed in the area in 2017 is prevailing phenomena during summers if considering the long-term wind statistics. Northeasterly winds supported southward transport of the CDW before the survey in 2015. Consequently, low DO was found in the southern part of the study area while subsurface layer in the northern part was ventilated. Weaker than long-term average summer monsoon is required for the existence of such pattern. Importance of the wind forcing was confirmed by remotely sensed sea surface salinity fields and by circulation simulation. We suggest wind forcing, together with river run-off are likely main contributors of determining the synoptic, seasonal and inter-annual time scale variations of the extent and location of low DO areas off the Changjiang Estuary.