bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreasing of Profile Air Drag to the Train Movement Inside the Tube Transport
Authors: Larin Oleg N. , Bokov Alexander V.
Published: February 2020

Background: The movement of the train in an insulated space with the natural atmospheric pressure is accompanied by energy losses for unproductive work to overcome the profile air drag from the front and rear surfaces of the vehicle. At the same time, there is also a considerable increase of energy costs for overcoming the growing force of oncoming air drag. In order to exclude these energy losses, it is proposed to organize synchronous and volume-balanced pumping of air from the front part of the tube transport and injection of the air into the back part of the tube transport.
Aim: To develop a method of organising air exchange inside the tube transport, which will ensure the reduction of air resistance to the movement of the train.
Methods: The proposed developments are based on well-known national and foreign designs of high-speed tube transport systems, the results of a comparative analysis of tube transport with varying degrees of air pumping (backing vacuum and hard vacuum), taking into account the experience of redistributing the residual air volume in the Hyperloop and TransPod tube transport systems. The operating parameters of the compressor units that pump air into the internal cavity of the tube when the train is in motion is regulated on the basis of process models of gas dynamics.
Results: A new method and device has been developed for reducing the air drag to the movement of the train by forced air exchange, which provides for the redistribution of air from the front to the rear of the transport tube relative to the vehicle travel direction. For the air redistribution, the external air exchange unit, consisting of air ducts, compressor units, gate valves, and air collectors is used. The process of external air exchange takes place only when the vehicle is in motion, for the movement of the vehicle no prior air exhaust is required. The air redistribution is controlled taking into account the speed of the train, its location in the tube, the design features of the tunnel and vehicle. The speed of the train for each segment of the speed section is normalised depending on the actual performance of the components of the air exchange system. Modes of operation of the compressor units must ensure synchronous redistribution of air from the front to the rear of the tube. The movement of a vehicle along a tube with normal atmospheric pressure in the internal cavity provides conditions for the safe transportation of goods and passengers.
Conclusion: The developed method is designed to reduce the force of air resistance when the train is in motion inside the airtight tube without creating vacuum. The presented developments have good prospects for use in projects of high-speed transport systems of both underground and underwater designs.
Reasons for and Rational Methods of Magnetically Levitated Trains Dynamic Modelling
Authors: Polyakov Vladislav A. , Khachapuridze Nikolai M.
Published: February 2020

Background: The synthesis of high-quality dynamics and its analysis are the cardinal tasks of a magnetically levitated trains (MLT) creating problem.
Aims of the work: Design the paradigm and technique of specified tasks rational solution.
Methods: The synthesis of the wanted motion is proposed to carry out by solving the systems dynamics inverse problem, and its preliminary analysis by solving the same dynamics direct problem.
Results: The reasons for MLTs dynamics modeling are identified and substantiated. The paradigm and tensor technique of its computer synthesis and analysis was developed.
Levitation and Lateral Stabilization Device Based on a Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconductor
Authors: Antonov Yuri F.
Published: February 2020

The superconducting levitation device comprises a stationary magnetic rail of permanent magnets and a cryostat on a vehicle with a second-generation high-temperature tape superconductor placed in the cryostat, folded in a stack or wound by a coil on a non-magnetic frame without electrical connection of the ends and the transport current. Cool tape high-temperature superconductor of the second generation, folded in a stack or wound on a non magnetic frame in the form of axisymmetric or track coil, without electric connections of the ends and a transport current, behaves as a massive sample of a superconductor and the Meissner Oxenfeld effect, the magnetic field created by the magnetic rail is displaced from the volume of the superconductor, causing the power of levitation and the vehicle hangs over the track structure.
The high critical parameters of the second-generation high-temperature superconductor belt ensure efficient operation of the superconducting levitation device.
Aim: To demonstration the technical feasibility and efficiency of creating a levitation unit based on the use of a second-generation high-temperature superconductor and permanent magnets made of rare earth metals.
Methods: Calculations of the magnetic field distribution in the combination of a magnetic rail and a massive superconductor, preliminary design of the levitation unit and experimental studies on the model.
Results: Experiments on a model of a superconducting levitation device confirmed the efficiency of this technical solution and its effectiveness.
Conclusion: an original technical solution is proposed that allows to significantly improve the energy characteristics of the levitation node by using a second-generation high-temperature superconductor operating in a passive mode without a transport current, using the partial Meissner-Oxenfeld effect and the engagement of quantized magnetic flux strands at the pinning centers.
The broadband seismic equipment application in problems of roadbed railway smart monitoring
Authors: Antonovskaya Galina N. , Kapustian Natalia K. , Romen Yuriy S. , Danilov Alexey V.
Published: February 2020

We present our experience of broadband seismic equipment application to detect changes of roadbed railway state in operation.
Aim: to obtain experimental validation to expand the scientific basis of geophysical surveys in roadbed railway state monitoring and identifying hazardous processes at an early stage.
Methods: seismic records were obtained by the authors on the Northern railway section. Seismic data were processed using a low-frequency filter of 0.5 Hz and analysis of points movement trajectories of the roadbed railway, we performed numerical modelling of the stress-strain state of the soil when specifying various physical parameters, the results were compared with the experiment.
Results: We have shown experimentally and by numerical simulation that by conducting near the railway track vibrations registration formed by passing trains and analyzing the amplitudes change of these vibrations in the low-frequency band (periods of about 100 seconds), it is possible to identify potentially dangerous phenomena in the roadbed. Field observations showed changes in amplitude of oscillations during seasonal flooding; the results are consistent with modeling. The possibility of identifying the stages of freezing-thawing of the soil and associated negative processes is considered. By discussing the parameters of modern seismic equipment, the possibilities and applicability of different types of seismic sensors for roadbed railway monitoring as well as the organization of a smart monitoring system are shown.
Conclusion: The possibility of using passing trains vibrations to detect changes of the roadbed railway state by analyzing the amplitudes of these vibrations is proved. Recommendations for seismic sensors choice and organization of smart roadbed state monitoring system are presented.
Differentiating between machine translation and student translation: red flags and salient lexicogrammatical features.
Authors: Innes Andrew Richard Burns
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Machine translation enables students to produce work in the target L2 which may be superior to that which they could produce otherwise.  The present study examines whether use of machine translation can be detected by teachers.  Seventeen native teachers compared and assessed the authorship of five human translations (HT) and five machine translations (MT) of Japanese news stories.  Native teachers were able to accurately detect the difference in 74.04% of cases due to increased passive clauses (a ratio of 1 to 2.5), and inappropriate pronoun use (a ratio of 1 to 6.5) when MT was used.

 
Shaping the Way We Teach English: Potential Effects of a Teacher Professional Development Program on Jordanian EFL Teachers’ Instructional Practices
Authors: Bataineh Ruba Fahmi , Shawish Lubna Ahmad , Al-Alawneh Mohammad Khalid
Published: February 2020

 

This study examines the potential effect of Shaping the Way We Teach English, a teacher professional development program, on Jordanian English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ instructional practices. The participants of the study are 20 Jordanian EFL teachers selected from 14 public schools in North Ghour Directorate of Education in the first semester of the academic year 2018/2019. Observations of the participants, along the seven domains of classroom management, language, teaching strategies, learning strategies, assessment strategies, authentic materials, and reflection, were conducted before and after the treatment to determine whether or not the treatment has an effect on the participants’ instructional practices. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the participants’ performance before and after the treatment. The findings revealed that the participants gained on all seven domains of the observation checklist, with statistically significant differences found (at α=0.05) in their instructional practices before and after the treatment, in favor of the latter.  The study concludes with pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.
Eficacia de la política reguladora en el ámbito de la ortografía
Authors: Klekot Nina
Published: February 2020

The given study explores the subject of the effectiveness of the regulatory policy in the field of orthography introduced  in recent years by the Royal Spanish Academy, the Polish Language Council and the French Academy. The main purpose of the work is to present  the differences between the behaviour of the users of the three languages: Spanish, French and Polish against some normative provisions in the field of orthography and to suggest answers to a few key questions: Who shows the most favourable attitude towards the norms established by the linguistic institutions of their country? In what situations do speakers reject or accept new spelling forms?

 
Computer-assisted assessment: Application of computerised testing at the Institute of English Studies at the University of Lodz, Poland
Authors: Trendak Olga
Published: February 2020

Numerous researchers have noticed the need for better measurement of students’ stated learning outcomes (Conole & Warburton, 2005). One of the reasons is the increasing number of university students, which has led to the necessity of finding an efficient form of assessment. One of the ways of testing, which is rapidly gaining popularity among academic staff, is computer-assisted assessment (CAA). The aim of the following paper is to briefly discuss the notion of CAA and the observed positive impacts it has exerted on the testing process at the Institute of English Studies at the University of Lodz, Poland, and to consider several pedagogical implications related to the use of this type of assessment within the institution. The findings were observed by the author of the paper and are not based on empirical data.
Mito y leyenda en "Los trabajos del infatigable creador Pío Cid", de Ángel Ganivet=Myth and legend in "Los trabajos del indefatigable Pío Cid" by Ángel Ganivet
Authors: Fernández Sánchez-Alarcos Raúl
Published: February 2020

ResumenEsta novela se analiza destacando su singularidad dentro del panorama de la novela modernista española. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el tipo de representación de la realidad que se da en esta novela dentro del contexto de la crisis de finales del siglo XIX. Novela en la que los planos de la realidad, el mito y la leyenda se confunden para señalar la condición trascendental del ser humano. AbstractThis novel is analyzed highlighting its singularity in the modernist Spanish narrative. The objective of this work is to study the type of representation of reality that is given in this novel in the context of the crisis of the late nineteenth century. Novel in which the planes of reality, the myth and the legend fiction are confused to highlight the transcendental condition of the human being.
El conde Eberhard el llorón (1853) y El salto de los amantes (1883): el itinerario Alemania-Francia-España en la leyenda medieval-romántica=Count Eberhard the crying (1853) and The Lovers’ Jump (1883): the Germany-France-Spain itinerary in the medieval-romantic legend
Authors: Pedrosa José Manuel
Published: February 2020

Varias leyendas publicadas en la prensa española del siglo XIX son traducciones o adaptaciones de leyendas publicadas en libros y en periódicos franceses, que a su vez son traducciones de leyendas alemanas. Las fuentes remiten a personajes y acontecimientos de la Edad Media, aunque reinterpretados primero en el Renacimiento y después en la época romántica. Se analizan además algunas de sus versiones iconográficas.Abstract:Several legends published in the 19th century Spanish press are translations or adaptations of legends published in books and French newspapers, which in turn are translations of German legends. The sources refer to characters and events from the Middle Ages, although they were reinterpreted first in the Renaissance and later in the Romantic period. Some of their iconographic versions are also analysed.
Symptomatic Bilateral Bifid Mandibular Condyle and Oligodontia in a Non-syndromic Patient - A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Chaudhry Astha , Sharma Akshika
Published: February 2020

Bifidism of mandibular condyle is an uncommon anomaly of unknown etiology and uncertain pathogenesis. Usually it is asymptomatic and detected incidentally on a panoramic radiograph. However, it may be symptomatic where panoramic radiograph should be supplemented with computed tomography or magnetic resonance if surgical treatment is planned. The literature has reviewed many cases of bifid condyle mostly unilateral. The association of other dental abnormalities associated with bifid condyle has not been reported. We present a rare case of bilateral bifid condyle along with anterior disc displacement with reduction which also showed multiple missing teeth and retained deciduous teeth. This case report signifies the importance of both developmental and occlusal factors as an etiology for symptomatic temporomandibular joint.
Can We Predict Patients’ Cooperation During Phacoemulsification Surgery Under Topical Anesthesia?
Authors: Medghalchi Abdolreza , Akbari Mitra , Soltani Moghadam Reza , Alizadeh Yousef
Published: February 2020

Topical anesthesia (TA) may accompany more discomfort for some patients during cataract surgery. We aimed to evaluate the potential factors that can be used for predicting patient’s cooperation during phacoemulsification surgery under TA. One hundred sixty consecutive cases that were candidate for phacoemulsification surgery were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients’ sex, age, place of residence (urban or rural), education level (literate and illiterate) and physical examination variables (visual acuity, reaction to eye drop, cooperation during tonometry, and reaction to press on the lacrimal sac before surgery) evaluated. Patients’ cooperation during surgery was classified as successful (good and satisfactory) or failed (weak) groups. In this study, 103(64.4%) cases showed good or satisfactory cooperation, and others had weak cooperation. There was no correlation between patients’ cooperation during surgery and sex (P=0.2), age (P=0.7), place of residency (P=0.3), and education level (P=0.3). The successful group showed a higher rate of non-reaction to eye drop (P=0.0001), good cooperation during tonometry (P=0.0001), non-reaction to press on lacrimal sac (P=0.0001), and lower visual acuity (P=0.045). In the multi-logistic regression, non-reaction to eye drop (OR=66.4), good cooperation during tonometry (OR=21.2, good vs. bad and OR=7.2, satisfactory vs. bad), lower visual acuity (OR=7, <0.1 vs. 0.1-0.4 d) are the significant predictors for the success of TA. This study showed that some ocular examination tests before surgery (visual acuity, reaction to eye drop, cooperation during tonometry, and reaction to press on the lacrimal sac) could predict patients’ cooperation during phacoemulsification surgery under TA.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):412-415.
Effect of Anesthesia Techniques on Pain Severity, Hemodynamic Changes, and Patients’ Satisfaction in Elective Cesarean Section
Authors: Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Hadavi Maryam , Hasanshahi Gholamhossein , Rezaeian Mohsen , Vazirinejad Reza , Aminzadeh Fariba , Sarkoohi Ali
Published: February 2020

The severity of postoperative pain and hemodynamic changes during and post-cesarean section have a direct effect on the neonatal and maternal condition. This study aimed to compare pain severity, hemodynamic changes, and patient satisfaction following two anesthesia techniques in elective cesarean section. In this blinded study, 60 women who were candidate for cesarean section were allocated into two equal groups of general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and O2 Saturation at pre cesarean (T0), the uterine incision time (T1), end of surgery (T2), 6h (T3), 12h (T4), and 24 hours post-cesarean (T5) were measured. A Visual Analog Scale assessed post-cesarean pain, 6, 12, and 24 hours post-cesarean. Gender, birth weight, first- and fifth- minutes’ apgar score was recorded in the checklists. The VAS score was significantly higher in the GA group at 6h, 12h, and 24 hours post-cesarean (P=0.014, P=0.002, P=0.017, respectively). SBP and DBP at T1 in the GA group were significantly higher than in the S.A group (P<0.001). The heart rate at T0 and T1 in the GA group was lower than the SA group (P=0.001, P=0.045 respectively). The difference between the apgar scores of the two groups was not significant. SA for cesarean section was associated with lower postoperative pain, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the two groups had no significant difference in terms of patients’ satisfaction and apgar scores.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):424-429.
Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Persian Version of Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ)
Authors: Attarbashi Moghadam Behrouz , Tamartash Hasan , Fereydunnia Sara , Ravand Mahdieh
Published: February 2020

The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) has been developed to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) status of Heart Failure (HF) patients. The aim of this study was to translate MLHFQ into the Persian version and assess the validity and reliability of the translated version. We used a forward-backward procedure for translation. In a cross-sectional study, 105 HF patients and 50 healthy subjects were selected to assess the reliability and construct validity of the instrument. The face and content validity were used to assess the questionnaire validity. Validity was examined on the HF patients group, using the Persian version of the Short form-36 health survey (SF-36) Questionnaire. In order to assess the questionnaire’s reliability, the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated. Test-retest reliability was examined by re-administering the MLHFQ after 2 weeks. Test-retest results demonstrated that the Persian version has excellent reliability (ICC for all 2 domains were higher than 0.91, P≤0.000). Internal consistency for Physical domain (PD), emotional domain (ED) and total scores using Cronbach’s alpha were 0.90, 0.84 and 0.92, respectively. ICC for PD, ED and total scores were 0.95, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively. Good and very good Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was seen between MLHFQ and SF-36 (r= -0.47 to -0.775, P≤0.000 for PD; r= -0.47 to -0.65, P≤0.000 for ED). The Persian version of the MLHFQ had satisfactory reliability and validity for assessing HRQoL status of Iranian HF patients.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):435-441.
The Bridge Between Need and Access: Distribution of Trauma Care Facilities at a Religious Mega Mass Gathering
Authors: Karampourian Arezou , Ghomian Zohreh , Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud
Published: February 2020

Participating in mass gatherings puts people at risk of incidents. The distribution of resources should be based on need. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of trauma care facilities based on need and access at a religious mass gathering in Iran. This national cross-sectional study is based on obtained data including the number of visits to health centers (NVHC) and the number of injuries visits health center (NIVHC) as needs and the number of physicians, paramedic, ambulance, and treatment center as access in border cities of Iran and Iraq in 2016. Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve and the Pearson correlation coefficient were applied to measure the level of equality in the distribution of trauma care and the correlation between access and need. The facilities were relatively distributed equally at the border towns in Iran; however, were not equally distributed in Iraq. There is no significant association between the paramedic for NIVHC and ambulance for NIVHC and NVHC. Moreover, there was a significant association between physician for NIVHC and NVHC, a paramedic for NVHC, and treatment centers for NIVHC and NVHC. The consequences of incidents could be reduced if distributing trauma care facilities equals at mass gatherings.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):442-447.
Rare Desmoplastic Fibroma in Ramus and Mandibular Angle: Presentation of a Case Report With Review of Literature
Authors: Titidej Azadehzeinab , Jolehar Maryam
Published: February 2020

Desmoplastic fibroma is a rare, benign fibrous tumor of bone which is locally aggressive. The mandible is the most prevalent affected of the facial bones. Nevertheless, reports of desmoplastic fibroma affecting the mandible are seldom in the literature. It causes bone destruction and has a high tendency for local recurrence. In this case report, we report a case of desmoplastic fibroma which is located in mandibular angle and extended to coronoid process, in 20-year-old female patient.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):456-460.
Ectopic Cushing’s Syndrome as the Initial Presentation of Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor Managed by Etomidate: A Case Report
Authors: Mohebbi Masoud , Vojouhi Shohreh , Javadinia Seyed Alireza , Keihanian Faeze , Yaghoubi Mohammad Ali , Motamedzadeh Torghabeh Ali
Published: February 2020

Ectopic increase of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or ectopic Cushing syndrome is a rare initial presentation of small cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor of the lung. Here, we reported a 36-year-old male with atypical symptoms of Cushing syndrome managed by Etomidate that had a central pulmonary nodule, and pathologic evaluation of pulmonary lobectomy revealed the diagnosis of well-differentiated, low-grade typical carcinoids of lung.
© 2019Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta MedIran 2019;57(7):464-467.
Anti-Melanogenic Activity and Cytotoxicity of Pistacia Vera Hull on Human Melanoma SKMEL-3 Cells
Authors: Sarkhail Parisa , Salimi Mona , Sarkheil Pantea , Mostafapour Kandelous Hirsa
Published: February 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Multiclass Response Feature Selection and Cancer Tumour Classification With Support Vector Machine
Authors: Banjoko A. W. , Yahya W. B. , Garba M. K.
Published: February 2020

Background & Aim: In this study, efficient Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for feature selection and classification of multi-category tumour classes of biological samples using gene expression profiles was proposed.
Methods: Feature selection interface of the algorithm employed the F-statistic of the ANOVA–like testing scheme at some chosen family-wise-error-rate which ensured efficient detection of false-positive genes. The selected gene subsets using the above method were further screened for optimality using the Misclassification Error Rates yielded by each of them and their combinations in a sequential selection manner. In a 10-fold cross-validation, the optimal values of the SVM parameters with appropriate kernel were determined  for  tissue sample classification using one-versus-all approach. The entire data matrix was randomly partitioned into 95% training set to train the SVM classifier and 5% test set to evaluate the predictive performance of the classifier over 1,000 Monte-Carlo cross-validation runs. Published microarray breast cancer dataset with five clinical endpoints was employed to validate the results from the simulation studies.
Results: Results from Monte-Carlo study showed excellent performance of the SVM classifier with higher prediction accuracy of the tissue samples based on the few gene biomarkers selected by the proposed feature selection method.
Conclusion: SVM could be considered as a classification of multi-category tumour classes of biological
Use of Bayesian Mixture Models in Analyzing Heterogeneous Survival Data: A Simulation Study
Authors: Ahmadi Naser , Shirazi Saeed , Baziyad Hamed
Published: February 2020

Background and Aim: One of the statistical methods used to analyze the time-to-event medical data is survival analysis. In survival models, the response variable is time to the occurrence of an event. The main characteristic of survival data is the existence of censored data. When we have the distribution of survival time, we can use parametric methods. Among the important  and popular distributions that can  be used, we can mention the Weibull distribution. If the data derives from a heterogeneous population, simple parametric models (such as Weibull) would not fit the data appropriately. One of the methods which have been introduced to overcome this problem is the use of mixture models.
 
Methods: To assess the validity of the two-component Weibull mixture model, we use a simulation method on heterogeneous survival data. For this purpose, data with different sample sizes were produced in a batch of 1000. Then, the validity of the model is checked using root mean square error (RMSE) criterion
 
Results: It is obtained that increasing the sample size would decrease the RMSE in the parameters. However the maximum observed RMSE in all the parameters was negligible.
 
Conclusion: The Bayesian Weibull mixture model was a proper fit for the heterogeneous survival data
Comparison of Parametric Models: Appication to Hypertensive Patients in a Teaching Hospital, Awka
Authors: H Ibenegbu Amuche , A Osuji George , U Umeh Edith
Published: February 2020

Introduction: In Nigeria, hypertension is a common sickness among grownups. This research was carried out to determine the best model for predicting survival of hypertensive patients using goodness of fit criteria, Standard Error (SE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC).
Method: A total of 105 patients who were diagnosed with hypertension from January 2013 to July 2018 were considered in which death is the event of interest. Six parametric models such as; exponential, Weibull, Lognormal, Log-logistic, Gompertz and hypertabastic distribution were fitted to the data using goodness of fit such as S.E, AIC and BIC to determine the best model. The parametric models were considered because they are all lifetime distributions.
Results The result shows that the hypertabastic distribution has the lowest AIC and BIC, followed by Gompertz distribution. The standard error also indicates the hypertabastic model is better because it has the least value of standard error. This indicates that in terms of relative efficiency and parameterization the hypertabastic model is the best. The Survival Probability Plot of the six parametric models shows that the Hypertabastic distribution best fitted the data because it shows a clear step function than the other distribution and this justifies the result SE, AIC and BIC presented.
Conclusion: Since hypertabastic distribution has the lowest SE, AIC and BIC it indicates that it is the best parametric model for predicting survival of hypertensive patients in chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu university teaching hospital Awka, Nigeria.
Quantifying the Relationship between Adaptive Traits and Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Gebre Mehari
Published: February 2020

Background & Aim: Durum wheat is an economically important and regularly eaten food for  billions of people in the world. In the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), genbanks are using Focused Identification of the Germplasm Strategy (FIGS) to find out and quantify relationships between agro-climatic conditions and the presence of specific traits. Hence, the study is aimed to investigate the predictive value of various types of long-term agro-climatic variables on the future values of different traits.
Method: Ordinary multiple linear regression with stepwise variable selection method on the complete data set, and multiple linear regression models with predictors selected by penalized methods with mean square error cross-validation as a model selection criterion, are used to analyze 238 durum wheat landraces. Each of the models are fitted on Days to Heading and Days to Maturity response variables with 57 predictor variables, independently. Ordinary least square and weighted least square estimation methods were used.
Result: Findings implied that there is high multicollinearity among the predictor variables. It is found that there are some predictors which affect positively and some others affect negatively for both Days to Heading and Days to Maturity using both ordinary and shrinkage based models. It is revealed that the prediction from the lasso based model is not that much reasonable. Furthermore, for the Days to Heading showed that there seems better prediction as their predicted value increase continuously as a function of the actual values though there is considerable variability.
Conclusion: In conclusion, inferences and predictions by the ordinary MLR models are not trusted due to the presence of multicollinearity, and violation of some model assumptions. However, predictions using the models with predictors selected by the shrinkage methods may be better as the effects of the variability on these methods are minimal. Moreover, the WLS methods might give more sensible predictions than the OLS estimation methods. Better predictions were found on the Days to Heading.
Truncated log-logistic Family of Distributions
Authors: Akbarinasab Mohadese , Arabpour Ali Reza , Mahdavi Abbas
Published: February 2020

Background & Aim: There are various data associated with any events in the world which need to be analyzed. In response to this, many researchers attempt to find appropriate methods that could better fit these data using new models. One of these methods is to introduce new distributions which could better describe available data. During last few years, new distributions have been extended based on existing well-known distributions. Usually, new distributions have more parameters than existing ones. This addition of parameter(s) has been proved useful in exploring tail properties and also for improving the goodness-of-fit of the family under study.
Methods & Materials: A new family of distributions is introduced by using truncated log-logistic distribution. Some statistical and reliability properties of the new family are derived.
Results: Four special lifetime models of the new family are investigated. We estimate the parameters by maximum likelihood method. The obtained results are validated using a real dataset and it is shown that the new distributions provide a better fit than some other known distributions.
Conclusion: We have provided four new distributions. The flexibility of the proposed distributions
and increased range of skewness was able to fit and capture features in one real dataset much better than some competitor distributions
Assessing the level of Knowledge and attitude of the young couples about HIV in Shiraz, Iran.
Authors: Esmailzadeh Firooz , Sepandi Mojtaba , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Kavosi Zahra , Alimohammadi Manije , Alimohamadi Yousef
Published: February 2020

Introduction: HIV infection is one of the main public health problems in the world. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of young couples married in the city of Shiraz, and eventually suggest an Operational Program for the prevention of HIV in Iran.
Method: the data collection tool  was a questionnaire consisted of 32 questions  on transmission and prevention  of HIV infection. The young couples were selected through simple random sampling, and the sample size was

The data analysis was performed using SPSS 19 software.

Results: Of the total of 400 cases, 201 (50.25%) were male and 199 (49.75%) were female. The mean age of the couples was 25.96±5.95 years. The most frequent correct answer was related to the knowledge of transmission through sharing needles among drug users (87.4%). Regarding attitude, 94.6% of the subjects agreed with the struggle against HIV. Examining the relationship between knowledge and age showed that they had a significant relationship (P=0.002). There was also a significant relationship between attitude and gender (P=0.004).
Conclusion: One of the important ways to stop the epidemic and prevent the incidence of new cases of HIV is educating people at an early age.
Effects of Collinearity on Cox Proportional Hazard Model with Time Dependent Coefficients: A Simulation Study
Authors: Babalola B. T. , Yahya W. B.
Published: February 2020

Background: The Cox proportional hazard model has gained ground in Biostatistics and other related fields. It has been extended to capture different scenarios, part of which are violation of the proportionality of the hazards, presence of time dependent covariates and also time dependent co-efficients. This paper focuses on the behaviour of the Cox Model in relation to time coefficients in the presence of different levels of collinearity.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to examine the effects of collinearity on the estimates of time dependent co-effiecients in Cox proportional hazard model and to compare the estimates of the model for the logarithm and the square functions of time.
Materials and methods: The Algorithm based on a binomial model was extended in order to incorporate the different correlation structures required for the study. The scaled Schoenfeld residuals plots revealed the behaviour of the estimated betas at different degrees of collinearity. Results and conclusions are based of outcome of simulation study performed only.
Results: The estimated betas were compared to the true betas at the different level of collinearity in graphical pattern.
Conclusion: The study shows that collinearity is a huge factor that influences the correctness of the estimates of the regressors within the framework of Cox model.
Facing Neonatal Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Infection: Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole or Levofloxacin?
Authors: Faghihi Toktam
Published: February 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Evaluation of human Albumin Use Pattern in a Referral Teaching Hospital
Authors: Nafisi Sara , Akhavan Sina , Shiva Afshin , Ghasempour Mahroo , Dariush Parisa , Makhdoomi Khadijeh , Hatamkhani Shima
Published: February 2020

Background: Albumin is generally used in hypovolemic conditions and due to its high cost and complicated manufacturing process, its appropriate use is a vital issue to be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of Albumin prescription in Imam Khomeini teaching hospital in Urmia, Iran.  
Methods: This study was carried out between December 2014 to December 2015 in the Imam Khomeini hospital, affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences, using pre-designed forms covering demographic data and clinical and laboratory information that was completed by the educated pharmacist on a daily observational basis.  
Results: A total of 202 patients were selected with the mean age of 55.9±20.5 years, including 53% male patients. The highest prescription percentages were for patients with the diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Cancers (10.9%) while most of the patients were admitted in burn ward (16.3%). Overall 2755 Albumin 20% vials equal to almost 3030 million Rials were used while only 79 (39.1%) of the prescriptions were appropriate. Hypoalbuminemia was responsible for the highest number of inappropriate indications.  
Conclusion: Our results showed a low percentage of acceptable prescriptions which highlights the necessity for reviewing and supervising the utilization of Albumin in this hospital.  
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 44-51.
Methods: This study was carried out between December 2014 to December 2015 in the Imam Khomeini hospital, affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences, using pre-designed forms covering demographic data and clinical and laboratory information that was completed by the educated pharmacist on a daily observational basis.  
Results: A total of 202 patients were selected with the mean age of 55.9±20.5 years, including 53% male patients. The highest prescription percentages were for patients with the diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Cancers (10.9%) while most of the patients were admitted in burn ward (16.3%). Overall 2755 Albumin 20% vials equal to almost 3030 million Rials were used while only 79 (39.1%) of the prescriptions were appropriate. Hypoalbuminemia was responsible for the highest number of inappropriate indications.  
Conclusion: Our results showed a low percentage of acceptable prescriptions which highlights the necessity for reviewing and supervising the utilization of Albumin in this hospital.  
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 44-51.
Medication Administration through Enteral Feeding Tubes in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients: Evaluation of the Potential Medication Errors
Authors: Izadpanah Mandana , Amraie Negin , Soltani Farhad , Kouti Leila , Sayyadi Sepideh , Aghakouchakzadeh Maryam , Hariri Maryam
Published: February 2020

Background: Oral medication administration through enteral feeding tubes is a challenging issue in critically ill patients, which can lead to medication error. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit may not have the ability to swallow oral medications for various reasons such as lack of consciousness, or the need for mechanical ventilation. Improving the quality of drug administration through enteral feeding tubes is essential. The present study aimed at evaluation of the prevalence of medication errors that occur during the administration of oral medications through enteral feeding tubes in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in Golestan Educational Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Oral medication administration was evaluated in 50 patients within three months; demographic information, medical records and medicine prescribing information about each patient was examined. The errors were measured according to the Handbook of Drugs Administration via enteral feeding tubes.
Results: Errors occurred in percentage of total prescriptions as follows: Drug-drug interaction 26%, wrong preparation 22.3%, incorrect dosage form 12.1%, wrong time error 11.6%, drug-food interaction 6.7%, improper dose error 5.5%, wrong route 3.8%, extra dose 0.9%, omission 0.2%, deteriorated drug 0.2%, and unordered drug 0.0%. In our study, it was found that most of the drugs were administered in solid dosage forms, and almost 33% of them could be substituted for injection or oral liquid formulations.
Conclusion: Our study indicated the high frequency of drug preparation errors in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Close teamwork between pharmacists or pharmacotherapists, physicians, and nurses can result in the appropriate administration of medications by an enteral feeding tube.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 52-56
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMAGE RETRIEVAL TECHNIQUES IN CYBERSPACE
Authors: Gupta Rajeev , Singh Virender
Published: February 2020

Purpose: With the popularity and remarkable usage of digital images in various domains, the existing image retrieval techniques need to be enhanced. The content-based image retrieval is playing a vital role to retrieve the requested data from the database available in cyberspace. CBIR from cyberspace is a popular and interesting research area nowadays for a better outcome. The searching and downloading of the requested images accurately based on meta-data from the cyberspace by using CBIR techniques is a challenging task. The purpose of this study is to explore the various image retrieval techniques for retrieving the data available in cyberspace. 

Methodology: Whenever a user wishes to retrieve an image from the web, using present search engines, a bunch of images is retrieved based on a user query. But, most of the resultant images are unrelated to the user query. Here, the user puts their text-based query in the web-based search engine and compute the related images and retrieval time.

Main Findings:  This study compares the accuracy and retrieval-time of the requested image. After the detailed analysis, the main finding is none of the used web-search engines viz. Flickr, Pixabay, Shutterstock, Bing, Everypixel, retrieved the accurate related images based on the entered query.  

Implications: This study is discussing and performs a comparative analysis of various content-based image retrieval techniques from cyberspace.

Novelty of Study: Research community has been making efforts towards efficient retrieval of useful images from the web but this problem has not been solved and it still prevails as an open research challenge. This study makes some efforts to resolve this research challenge and perform a comparative analysis of the outcome of various web-search engines.
Life-saving endovascular aortic repair in spontaneous suptures: Report of two emergency cases
Authors: COŞKUN SUNGUR Elif , ALTINAY Levent , TEKİN Anıl , TÜTÜN Ufuk
Published: February 2020

Aortic aneurysm rupture is still a life threatening
situation despite the advancements in cardiovascular surgery field. Today,
endovascular treatment is an option for these patients. In the case of an
aortic rupture, urgent evaluation of the patient and planning the patient
specific treatment are crucial. Herein, we represent two cases who survived
after successful treatments of aortic ruptures.
Investigation of changes in electrocardiography before and after free diving
Authors: KAFES Habibe , YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Yücel , GÜNHAN Gültekin
Published: February 2020

Aim: To evaluate the
electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters and hemodynamic parameters in predicting
the development of arrhythmias after free diving static apnea performance and
maximum breath hold.

Material
and Methods:
Twenty-four volunteer athletes participating in the free diving competition in
2015 (19 males (79.2%) and 5 females (20.8%)) were included in the study.
Peripheral O2 saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), ECG parameters (PR interval,
QRS time, T wave amplitude, corrected QT time, presence of bandle branch block
and new bandle branch block development, atrial premature beats, ventricular
premature beats) were analyzed.

Results: There was no
statistically significant difference between before static apnea measurements
(systolic blood pressure (SBP) 124.7 ± 10.8 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure
(DBP) 76.5 ± 6.7 mmHg, heart rate (HR) 80.2 ± 13.4 beats / min, SpO2 97.1 ±
0.9%) and after performance (SBP 128.8 ± 13.6 mmHg DBP 78.0 ± 5.9 mmHg, HR
85.8, ± 16.5 beats / min and SpO2 96.7 ± 2.3%)(p = 0.175; p = 0.334; p = 0.104;
p = 0.336, respectively).

Conclusion: No significant
changes were observed in ECG parameters, heart rate, saturation and blood
pressure values evaluated after static apnea performance. These findings can be
used to support that the risk of arrhythmia during static apnea does not
persist after apnea has ended.
Autopromocja stacji telewizyjnych z perspektywy retorycznej. Techniki perswazyjne
Authors: Sobczak Barbara
Published: February 2020

Przedmiotem opisu są techniki perswazyjne wykorzystywane przez nadawców medialnych w działaniach autopromocyjnych stacji telewizyjnych. Technika perswazyjna rozumiana jest jako określony sposób postępowania nadawcy w procesie komunikowania, w którym, w celu zwiększenia skuteczności oddziaływania, akcentowane lub modyfikowane są pewne elementy tego procesu. Punktem wyjścia jest założenie, że dobór technik perswazyjnych jest pochodną takich retorycznych determinant, jak kontekst funkcjonowania mediów (skutki zmian technologicznych: unifikacja produktów medialnych, lawinowy przyrost liczby informacji, coraz większa, globalna konkurencja), programowany odbiorca i cel, jaki chce osiągnąć nadawca. Materiał badawczy pozwolił na wyodrębnienie w działaniach autopromocyjnych nadawców medialnych technik perswazyjnych realizowanych na trzech poziomach: 1) sposobu przekazania informacji (np. powtarzanie i publiczność odziedziczona); 2) treści (np. technika selekcji pozytywnej, fragmentacja, wykorzystanie reguły nieodstępności, eksponowanie korzyści płynących z interakcji z medium, zwiększanie atrakcyjności przekazu poprzez powoływanie się na szeroko rozumiane autorytety) i 3) formy przekazu (technika niezwykłości).
Wywiad w początkach swojej historii. Zmiany w realizacji gatunku
Authors: Kita Małgorzata
Published: February 2020

Wywiad jako gatunek dziennikarski powstał w pierwszej połowie XIX w. Autorka bada, jak były konstruowane wywiady w pierwszym stuleciu swego istnienia. Materiału dostarcza antologia Wywiady prasowe wszech czasów, którą skonstruował Ch. Silvester. Z analizy genologicznej wynika, że już u początków gatunku jako rozmówców wybierano osoby, które mają coś do powiedzenia na jakiś temat. Pod względem struktury można uznać, że pierwsze egzemplarze miały postać i formę dialogu dwóch osób o określonych właściwościach pragmatycznych: dziennikarza i osoby uznanej za wartą tego, by rozmowę z nią opublikować na łamach gazety. Obok tej formy powstawały wywiady z obecnością składnika narracyjnego, zbliżone do formy reportażu. Autorka zastanawia się nad przyczynami podobieństwa wywiadu i reportażu.