bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appraising Qualitative Research for Evidence Syntheses: A Compendium of Quality Appraisal Tools
Authors: Majid Umair , Vanstone Meredith
Published: July 2018

As the movement toward evidence-based health policy continues to emphasize the importance of including patient and public perspectives, syntheses of qualitative health research are becoming more common. In response to the focus on independent assessments of rigor in these knowledge products, over 100 appraisal tools for assessing the quality of qualitative research have been developed. The variety of appraisal tools exhibit diverse methods and purposes, reflecting the lack of consensus as to what constitutes appropriate quality criteria for qualitative research. It is a daunting task for those without deep familiarity of the field to choose the best appraisal tool for their purpose. This article provides a description of the structure, content, and objectives of existing appraisal tools for those wanting to evaluate primary qualitative research for a qualitative evidence synthesis. We then discuss common features of appraisal tools and examine their implications for evidence synthesis.
Cerebral aspergillosis in a patient on ibrutinib therapy—A predisposition not to overlook
Authors: Faisal Muhammad Salman , Shaikh Hira , Khattab Ahmed , Albrethsen Mary , Fazal Salman
Published: July 2018

Ibrutinib has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies since its approval for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also used in mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, among others. It is a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts on B-cell receptor signaling pathway and predisposes to various infections due to its effects on neutrophils, monocytes and T cells. We present a case of cerebral invasive aspergillosis in a patient being treated with ibrutinib for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It was hard to associate the condition to ibrutinib versus the chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of voriconazole and micafungin, resulting in complete recovery and no residual deficits. This highlights the importance of recognizing the rare complication in those on ibrutinib and initiating the treatment immediately with appropriate antifungal agents to improve prognosis of this potentially fatal condition.
Is Increased Response Time Variability Related to Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Children With ADHD?
Authors: Elmaghrabi Shereen , Nahmias Maria Julia , Adamo Nicoletta , Di Martino Adriana , Somandepalli Krishna , Patel Varun , McLaughlin Andrea , De Sanctis Virginia , Castellanos Francisco X.
Published: July 2018

Objective: Elevated response time intrasubject variability (RT-ISV) characterizes ADHD. Deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR), defined by summating Child Behavior Checklist Anxious/Depressed, Aggressive, and Attention subscale scores, has been associated with worse outcome in ADHD. To determine if DESR is differentially associated with elevated RT-ISV, we examined RT-ISV in children with ADHD with and without DESR and in typically developing children (TDC). Method: We contrasted RT-ISV during a 6-min Eriksen Flanker Task in 31 children with ADHD without DESR, 34 with ADHD with DESR, and 65 TDC. Results: Regardless of DESR, children with ADHD showed significantly greater RT-ISV than TDC ( p < .001). The ADHD subgroups, defined by presence or absence of DESR, did not differ from each other. Conclusion: Increased RT-ISV characterizes ADHD regardless of comorbid DESR. Alongside similar findings in children and adults with ADHD, these results suggest that RT-ISV is related to cognitive rather than emotional dysregulation in ADHD.
A closed-form solution for the bending analysis of composite sandwich pipe with compliance core based on high-order sandwich theory
Authors: Maleki I , Rahmani O
Published: July 2018

In this paper, bending of cylindrical sandwich pipes based on the high-order theory of sandwich structures with flexible core is investigated. The cylindrical sandwich pipe is composed of a flexible core and two composite face sheets. Behavior of the cylindrical sandwich pipe is described by a high-order sandwich shell theory, which explains nonlinear distortions of cross-sectional plane of the flexible core as well as changes in its height. The theory based on variational principles and using an extremely thorough systematic closed-form approach is formulated. In this model, no assumption has been considered for displacement distribution of core components. In this study, stress and displacement of the flexible core are obtained through a three-dimensional elasticity solution and the face sheets are modeled using classical shell theory. Also, a comparison is made in order to verify high-order solution results between a closed-form solution, which is expanded for simply supported boundary conditions and results that are obtained from the commercial finite element method. Finally, influences of physical and geometrical parameters on behavior of the cylindrical sandwich pipe are investigated.
Do osteoarthritic subchondral bone cysts spontaneously consolidate after total hip replacement?
Authors: Lenz Christopher G , Zingg Patrick O , Dora Claudio
Published: July 2018

Background:

During total hip replacement (THR), subchondral acetabular bone cysts are either left alone or treated by filling with autologous bone graft. We hypothesized that subchondral cysts would consolidate spontaneously over time without compromising the midterm survival of the implant.

Methods:

We retrospectively screened the anteroposterior hip radiographs of 731 consecutive patients who underwent primary THR between January 2006 and April 2009. Patients were included in the current study if they had acetabular subchondral bone cysts visible radiographically that had been left alone during THR.

Results:

52 patients (54 hips) matched the inclusion criteria, with mean age of 66 ± 11 years at surgery, and a mean follow-up of 6.3 years (range 5–9 years). Among the 52 patients, there were 88 cysts, with 1.6 ± 0.83 cysts per patient and a mean cyst size of 9.3 ± 10 mm2 (range 0.9–57 mm2). Among the 88 cysts, 71 cysts (38 hips) had disappeared by the final follow-up, whereas 17 cysts (16 hips) were still visible. Most of these persistent cysts were located in Charnley zone I and were significantly smaller at the follow-up than before surgery ( p = 0.015). Overall, most cysts decreased in size ( p = 0.04). All cups survived and none showed radiological signs of loosening.

Conclusions:

After THR, most neglected subchondral cysts spontaneously consolidate or decrease in size. Larger cysts may persist without affecting the surgical outcome. No radiological signs of loosening or other adverse effects were observed when acetabular bone cysts are neglected during primary THR.
Progressive motor impairment from a critically located lesion in highly restricted CNS-demyelinating disease
Authors: Keegan B Mark , Kaufmann Timothy J , Weinshenker Brian G , Kantarci Orhun H , Schmalstieg William F , Paz Soldan M Mateo , Flanagan Eoin P
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To report progressive motor impairment from a critically located central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating lesion in patients with restricted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-lesion burden.

Methods:

We identified 38 patients with progressive upper motor-neuron impairment for >1 year, 2–5 MRI CNS-demyelinating lesions, with one seemingly anatomically responsible for progressive motor impairment. Patients with any alternative etiology for progressive motor impairment were excluded. A neuroradiologist blinded to clinical evaluation reviewed multiple brain and spinal-cord MRI, selecting a candidate critically located demyelinating lesion. Lesion characteristics were determined and subsequently compared with clinical course.

Results:

Median onset age was 47.5 years (24–64); 23 (61%) women. Median follow-up was 94 months (18–442); median Expanded Disability Status Scale Score (EDSS) at last follow-up was 4.5 (2–10). Clinical presentations were progressive: hemiparesis/monoparesis 31; quadriparesis 5; and paraparesis 2; 27 patients had progression from onset; 11 progression post-relapse. Total MRI lesions were 2 ( n = 8), 3 ( n = 12), 4 ( n = 12), and 5 ( n = 6). Critical lesions were located on corticospinal tracts, chronically atrophic in 26/38 (68%) and involved cervical spinal cord in 27, cervicomedullary/brainstem region in 6, thoracic spinal cord in 4, and subcortical white matter in 1.

Conclusion:

Progressive motor impairment may ascribe to a critically located CNS-demyelinating lesion in patients with highly restricted MRI burden. Motor progression from a specific demyelinating lesion has implications for understanding multiple sclerosis (MS) progression.
Description, utilisation and results from a telehealth primary care weight management intervention for adults with obesity in South Carolina
Authors: Brown Joshua D , Hales Sarah , Evans T Ed , Turner Tonya , Sword David O , O'Neil Patrick M , Ballentine Sara , Lovelace Oscar , DuBose-Morris Ragan Aleise
Published: July 2018

Introduction

In the US, obesity rates are higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Rural access to treatment of obesity is limited by a lack of qualified clinicians and by transportation and financial barriers. We describe a telemedicine weight management programme, Wellness Connect, developed through a partnership of academic clinicians and rural primary care providers in South Carolina, and present utilisation and weight outcomes from seven patient cohorts.

Methods

Eight bi-weekly sessions were provided via telemedicine videoconferencing for groups of patients at these rural primary care clinics. Protocol-based sessions were led by registered dietitians, exercise physiologists and clinical psychologists at a central urban location.

Results

Of 138 patients who started the programme, 62% ( N = 86) of patients met the criteria for completion. Completers lost an average of 3.5% (standard deviation (SD) = 3.9%) body weight, which was statistically significant ( p < .001) and corresponded with an average loss of 3.8 kg (SD = 4.5 kg). There were no differences in weight change among clinics ( p = .972). Overall, patients and providers reported satisfaction with the programme and identified several challenges to sustainability.

Discussion

The use of innovative telemedicine interventions continues to be necessary to alleviate barriers to accessing evidence-based services to reduce chronic diseases and decrease obesity rates among rural populations.
Hypercoagulable states in arterial and venous thrombosis: When, how, and who to test?
Authors: Carroll Brett J , Piazza Gregory
Published: July 2018

Evaluation for underlying hypercoagulable states in patients with thrombosis is a frequent clinical conundrum. Testing for thrombophilias is often reflexively performed without strategic approach nor clear appreciation of the clinical implications of such results. Guidelines vary in the appropriate utilization of thrombophilia testing. In this review, we discuss the more commonly encountered inherited and acquired thrombophilias, their association with initial and recurrent venous thromboembolism, arterial thromboembolism, and role in women’s health. We suggest an approach to thrombophilia testing guided by the clinical presentation, suspected pathophysiology, and an understanding of how such results may affect patient care.
Sex differences in restricted repetitive behaviors and interests in children with autism spectrum disorder: An Autism Treatment Network study
Authors: Knutsen John , Crossman Morgan , Perrin James , Shui Amy , Kuhlthau Karen
Published: July 2018

Compared to the social communication domain, considerably less is known about the cause, development, and impact of restricted, repetitive behaviors interests and activities in children with autism spectrum disorder, including possible sex differences. This study examined sex differences in clinically identified (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) restricted and repetitive behavior symptoms using the largest known sample (N = 1024) of age-matched and intelligence quotient–matched female and male children with autism spectrum disorder. More similarities than differences were observed; however, younger higher functioning and older lower functioning females presented reduced rates on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule restricted and repetitive behavior subcategory unusually repetitive/excessive, stereotyped behaviors compared to similar males. These findings identify key restricted and repetitive behavior similarities and differences among young females and males with autism spectrum disorder and emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of the female autism phenotype.
Relations between socio-economic risk factors, home learning environment and children’s language competencies: Findings from a German study
Authors: Kluczniok Katharina , Mudiappa Michael
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on the influence of socio-economic risk factors and different aspects of the home learning environment in early childhood on children’s language competencies (vocabulary and grammar skills). The assumption is that children with more risk factors have lower competencies, but the home learning environment (measured by everyday activities at home and cultural activities) acts as a protective factor against risk. The data ( n = 2406 children) are a sample of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), which collects longitudinal data on a sample of four-year-old children starting in preschool. The regression models show higher levels of vocabulary and grammar skills for children with fewer socio-economic risk factors. This influence persists even after adding both indicators of the home learning environment. However, there is an additional small effect of the home learning environment on children’s language competencies. Practical and policy implications of the study are discussed, especially against the background of the reduction of social disparities in Germany.
Studying configurations with qualitative comparative analysis: Best practices in strategy and organization research
Authors: Greckhamer Thomas , Furnari Santi , Fiss Peer C. , Aguilera Ruth V.
Published: July 2018

Qualitative comparative analysis is increasingly applied in strategy and organization research. The main purpose of our essay is to support this growing community of qualitative comparative analysis scholars by identifying best practices that can help guide researchers through the key stages of a qualitative comparative analysis empirical study (model building, sampling, calibration, data analysis, reporting, and interpretation of findings) and by providing examples of such practices drawn from strategy and organization studies. Coupled with this main purpose, we respond to Miller’s essay on configuration research by highlighting our points of agreement regarding his recommendations for configurational research and by addressing some of his concerns regarding qualitative comparative analysis. Our article thus contributes to configurational research by articulating how to leverage qualitative comparative analysis for enriching configurational theories of strategy and organization.
A sensory and visual approach for comprehending environmental victimization by the asbestos industry in Casale Monferrato
Authors: Natali Lorenzo , de Nardin Budó Marília
Published: July 2018

Although Europe has banned asbestos since 2005, many of the occupational and environmental harms perpetrated by the industry are still appearing. The aim of this paper is to present a new methodological technique to explore and map the social perception of these environmental crimes and harms. In particular, we ask: how do social actors feel about and interpret asbestos-related environmental crimes and harms? To answer this question, we applied a technique defined as ‘itinerant soliloquy’ to a specific context: Casale Monferrato (Italy). As the cognitive dimension is not enough to catch the complexity of these events, the itinerant soliloquy tries to increase the value of the experiential and reflexive encounter of the walking, the observing, the interpreting and the narrating.
What can Campuses Learn From Community Sexual Assault Response Teams? Literature Review of Teams’ Purpose, Activities, Membership, and Challenges
Authors: Carlson Juliana , Quiason Marcy , Doan Alesha , Mabachi Natabhona
Published: July 2018

Sexual assault is a public health issue, with college-age students reporting high levels of victimization. Following an increase in national attention and federal initiatives, college and universities’ sexual assault response efforts are being examined. The practice of community sexual assault response teams (SARTs) may provide campuses with a model strategy to coordinate campus and community service delivery and planning, still underdeveloped or missing at many institutions. This literature review summarizes in side-by-side fashion the most current empirical literature about community SARTs and campus team approaches (CTAs) in four domains: (1) defined purpose, (2) activities to achieve purpose, (3) membership, and (4) challenges to functioning. Two searches were conducted. The community SART inclusion criteria were (a) an empirical study focusing on community SARTs as the level of analysis, (b) located in the United States, (c) published between 2010 and 2017, and (d) written in English. The inclusion criteria for the CTA were (a) an empirical study on CTAs to sexual assault and/or intimate partner violence as the level of analysis and (b) written in English. Eight articles met the criteria for community SARTs, and six articles met the criteria for CTAs. Differences between community SARTs and CTAs included community SARTs shared and more discretely defined purpose and subsequent activities. Further directions offered for the conceptual and practical development of a CTA to address sexual assault include the need for clearer definition of a team’s purpose leading to response-focused coordination of activities.
First Human Trial of High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dong Shoulong , Wang Haifeng , Zhao Yajun , Sun Yinghao , Yao Chenguo
Published: July 2018

Irreversible electroporation, as a nonthermal therapy of prostate cancer, has been used in clinic for several years. The mechanism of irreversible electroporation ablation is thermal independent; thus, the main structures (eg, rectum, urethra, and neurovascular bundle) in prostate are spared during the treatment, which leads to the retention of prostate function. However, various clinical trials have shown that muscle contractions occur during this therapy, which warrants deep muscle anesthesia. Use of high-frequency bipolar pulses has been proposed to reduce muscle contractions during treatment, which has already triggered a multitude of studies at the cellular and animal scale. In this study, we first investigated the efficacy and safety of high-frequency bipolar pulses in human prostate cancer ablation. There are 40 male patients with prostate cancer aged between 51 and 85 years involved in this study. All patients received 250 high-frequency bipolar pulse bursts with the repeat frequency of 1 Hz. Each burst comprised 20 individual pulses of 5 microseconds, so one burst total energized time was 100 microseconds. The number of the electrodes ranged 2 to 6, depending on tumor size. A small amount of muscle relaxant was still needed, so there were no visible muscle contractions during the pulse delivery process. Four weeks after treatment, it was found that the ablation margins were distinct in magnetic resonance imaging scans, and the prostate capsule and urethra were retained. Eight patients underwent radical prostatectomy for pathological analysis after treatment, and the results of hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the urethra and major vasculature in prostate have been preserved. By overlaying the electric field contour on the ablation zone, the electric field lethality threshold is determined to be 522 ± 74 V/cm. This study is the first to validate the feasibility of tumor ablation by high-frequency bipolar pulses and provide valuable experience of irreversible electroporation in clinical applications.
Differential Relationship of Person- and Task-Focused Leadership to Team Effectiveness: A Meta-Analysis of Moderators
Authors: Pratoom Karun
Published: July 2018

Building on previous findings of C. S. Burke et al. and Ceri-Booms et al., this meta-analytic review aims to investigate the moderating impact of team size, interdependence, power distance culture, effectiveness criteria, and study settings on the differential relationship of person- and task-focused leadership with team effectiveness. Based on 52 studies with 4,958 teams, results suggested that the differential effects of leadership were moderated by effectiveness criteria and the interaction between team characteristics and culture in societies. In high power distance societies, the relationship between person-focused leadership and team effectiveness was stronger in small teams that were characterized by high interdependence. In low power distance societies, the larger effect size of a person-focused leader was found in small teams, while task-focused leadership emerged as a stronger predictor of team effectiveness than person-focused leadership in large teams. Results can be used to guide leader development programs needed to enhance team effectiveness.
Contained Power Morcellation Versus Transvaginal Extraction for Retrieval of Laparoscopically Removed Myomas: A Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes
Authors: Boza Aysen , Misirlioglu Selim , Taskiran Cagatay , Urman Bulent
Published: July 2018

Objective. To evaluate clinical and operative outcomes of transvaginal extraction (TVE) and contained power morcellation (CPM) for myoma retrieval after laparoscopic myomectomy. Materials and Methods. Prospective data from 35 consecutive cases using CPM were compared with retrospective data of all cases using TVE from December 2014 to January 2017. Patients were matched 1:1 based on myoma diameter. A total of 62 women were included in the final analysis. Specimen retrieval was performed using the TVE or CPM within an insufflated isolation bag. Results. Age, body mass index, mode of prior obstetric delivery, history of previous abdominal surgery, indication for myomectomy, and the myoma(s) characteristics were similar between groups. Retrieval time was significantly shorter in the TVE group compared with the CPM group: 10 minutes (3-15 minutes) versus 17 minutes (14-42 minutes); P < .001. Time required for placement of the instruments was 9.7 minutes for the isolation bag and 0.5 minutes for the vaginal extractor. Additional analgesic administration for pain relief was necessary in 13 patients (42%) in the TVE group and 23 patients (72%) in the CPM group ( P = .01). Total cost of the hospital stay was significantly higher in the CPM group compared with the TVE group ( P < .001). Estimated blood loss and duration of hospital stay were similar between groups. Conclusion. Both CPM and TVE can be used for safe retrieval of large myomas that are removed laparoscopically. Compared with CPM, TVE was associated with a shorter retrieval time, less postoperative pain, and less hospital costs.
Assessment of Motivations and Willingness to Participate in Research of Outpatients With Anxiety, Mood, and Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Morán-Sánchez Inés , Maurandi-López Antonio , Pérez-Cárceles María D.
Published: July 2018

The motivations of participants recruited for research, especially from potentially vulnerable populations, have received increasing attention. The present investigation compares the motivations and willingness to participate in research of 134 psychiatric outpatients and 50 controls. The willingness to participate of both groups was similar. We found a higher proportion of psychiatric admissions and a higher degree of computer literacy among those willing to participate. Regardless of their decision concerning participation, the reasons given by the members of both groups were logical and concordant with the related literature. This suggests that negative views about the motivations of psychiatric patients to act as research participants are unfounded. Efforts should focus on the predictors of willingness to participate that we have identified for improving recruitment. The implications of these results for research are discussed.
Mixed Methods Single Case Research: State of the Art and Future Directions
Authors: Onghena Patrick , Maes Bea , Heyvaert Mieke
Published: July 2018

Mixed methods single case research (MMSCR) is research in which single case experimental and qualitative case study methodologies, and their accompanying sets of methods and techniques, are integrated to answer research questions that concern a single case. This article discusses the historical roots and the distinct nature of MMSCR, the kinds of knowledge MMSCR produces, its philosophical underpinnings, examples of MMSCR, and the trustworthiness and validity of MMSCR. Methodological challenges relate to the development of a critical appraisal tool for MMSCR, to the team work that is involved in designing and conducting MMSCR studies, and to the application of mixed methods research synthesis for multiple case studies and single case experiments.
Optimizing strap designs of upper limb prostheses
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Xiufeng , Zhang Ning , Xu Jianguang , Yang Rong
Published: July 2018

The precise positioning design of upper limb prostheses is important for patients with upper limb disability. In this study, we propose an upper limb prosthesis with a negative pressure design. Mechanical analysis is performed to obtain the force and moment equilibrium equations. Then, the individual discipline feasible method is performed to decouple the original problem into a three-sub-discipline problem. A minimum of three shoulder straps of tension is obtained during optimization using the Isight harness scheme. The prosthetic socket can be firmly attached to the human body. Further experiments verify that the proposed device meets the basic requirements of wearing.
Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus palpation-based carpometacarpal joint injections: A randomized pilot study in cadavers
Authors: Derian Armen , Amundson Julia , Abi-Aad Karl , Vasquez-Duarte Ricardo , Johnson-Greene Douglas
Published: July 2018

Objective

To determine the accuracy of ultrasound guidance compared to palpation in performing carpometacarpal joint injections in cadavers.

Design

In all, 36 carpometacarpal joints were randomized to either ultrasound-guided or palpation-based injections, with 1 cc of blue latex solution injected into each joint. The specimens were then dissected and the distribution of the latex was assessed by two independent, blinded raters. Injection accuracy was evaluated on a four-point quartile rating scale of 1–4, corresponding to the amount of the latex solution within the joint (1 = 0–25%, 2 = 26–50%, 3 = 51–75%, 4 = 76–100%). Inter-rater reliability was a secondary measure.

Results

The mean rating of accuracy was 2.1 for both palpation-based and ultrasound-guided injections. There was no statistically significant difference in accuracy between the two injectors. Chi-square analysis testing differences in accuracy for the two conditions was not statistically significant. The Cronbach’s alpha for rater 2 was 0.74, which represents an acceptable level of reliability. A Friedman’s Chi-square for the two raters was 2.3 ( p = 0.13), indicating no significant difference between raters.

Conclusion

Ultrasound guidance did not improve the accuracy of carpometacarpal joint injections in cadavers. However, the high inter-rater reliability attests to the value of the novel assessment scale.
From commanding to serving athletes: Nurturing the coach–athlete relationship
Authors: Kim Minjung , Kim Yukyoum , Won Doyeon
Published: July 2018

As one of the emerging themes in research on sport management leadership, servant leadership focuses on facilitating individual growth and moral development. The present study tested a hypothesized research model that demonstrates support for the effects of a head coach's servant leadership on athletes' ethical development and team outcome confidence through the quality that characterizes the coach–athlete relationship. We recruited 347 student-athletes of football teams and men's basketball teams who play under the Division I system of the US National Collegiate Athletic Association. Whereas the quality of the coach–athlete relationship partially mediated the association between servant leadership and ethical development, it fully mediated the paths from servant leadership to team outcome confidence. This study provides empirical support for the positive influence of servant leadership behaviors and advances an improved understanding of the role played by the aforementioned relationship quality in coaching leadership research.
‘An oasis of freedom’ in communist Poland: The horse racetrack in Warsaw in the memory of its regular visitors
Authors: Bossak-Herbst Barbara , Głowacka-Grajper Małgorzata
Published: July 2018

In this article the memory narrations of regular visitors to the Służewiec Racetrack in Warsaw are analysed. This, the only one long-term operating horse racetrack in communist Poland, was an enclave within public space, called by racegoers, who are predominantly elderly men, an ‘oasis of freedom’ – distant from the everyday reality and the rules of the official socialist ideology. The intricacies of the memory of regular racegoers are considered in reference to a broader discussion on the phenomenon of ‘post-communist nostalgia’. The nostalgic narrations are not only connected with communism but also with the imaginations of inter-war period’s horseracing. The authors show that contemporary interpretations of the horseracing world in communist Poland in terms of a ‘paradise lost’ expresses not positive assessing of the past but rather the criticism of post-communist times, when Polish horseracing has impoverished. Although the betting pools are now low, the ritualized gambling, practiced within the space of the Warsaw racetrack, seems to restore among the regular racegoers a sense of being in contact with that past better world.
Immunological and non-immunological effects of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on the ischaemic brain
Authors: Doeppner Thorsten R. , Bähr Mathias , Giebel Bernd , Hermann Dirk M.
Published: July 2018

Following the implementation of thrombolysis and endovascular recanalization strategies, stroke therapy has profoundly changed in recent years. In spite of these advancements, a considerable proportion of stroke patients still exhibit functional impairment in the long run, increasing the need for adjuvant therapies that promote neurological recovery. Stem cell therapies have initially attracted great interest in the stroke field, since there were hopes that transplanted cells may allow for the replacement of lost cells. After the recognition that transplanted cells integrate poorly into existing neural networks and that they induce brain remodelling in a paracrine way by secreting a heterogeneous group of nanovesicles, these extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as key players that mediate restorative effects of stem and progenitor cells in ischaemic brain tissue. We herein review restorative effects of EVs in stroke models and discuss immunological and non-immunological mechanisms that may underlie recovery of function.
Short-Term Results of Endoscopic Percutaneous Longitudinal Tenotomy for Noninsertional Achilles Tendinopathy and the Presentation of a Simplified Operative Method
Authors: Chraim Michel , Alrabai Hamza M. , Krenn Sabine , Bock Peter , Trnka Hans-Jörg
Published: July 2018

Purpose: This study was aimed to review the short-term results of endoscopic percutaneous longitudinal tenotomy for noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy using the Centerline Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release instrument (Arthrex). This method simplifies the operation technique, allows a good endoscopic visualisation of the Achilles tendon with very promising results. Methods: We performed multiple percutaneous longitudinal tenotomies under local anesthesia in 24 patients (25 tendons) with Achilles tendinopathy or peritendinitis that had failed conservative treatment between January 2013 and September 2016. All ambulatory procedures consisted of paratenon release and longitudinal tenotomies. The results were reviewed in 22 patients (23 tendons) at an average follow-up period of 22.5 months (range 10-36 months). Patients’ satisfaction and functional outcomes were evaluated using the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire, the pain visual analog scale (VAS), and the functional foot index. Results: Initial results are very promising with excellent results in 12 patients, good results in 9 patients, and fair result in 1 patient. One patient developed a postoperative thrombosis of the operated limb. Another patient developed a hypertrophic painful scar of the incision wound. The VAS for pain decreased drastically after the index procedure and averaged to 0.2 (SD 0.447). The VISA-A questionnaire score had improved from 42 ± 7.2 points preoperatively to 96.8 ± 14.3 points postoperatively (P = .004). The functional foot index decreased from 84 (SD 30.517) to 33.4 (SD 6.452) on the follow-up examination. Conclusions: The endoscopic-assisted longitudinal tenotomies procedure of the Achilles tendon is easily feasible and can be performed on an outpatient basis, produces minimal complications and shows excellent results. The described technique is recommended for all surgeons especially for those familiar with endoscopy of the Achilles tendon.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case Series
Identification of a low frequency missense mutation in MUC6 contributing to pulmonary artery hypertension by whole‐exome sequencing
Authors: Zou Lihui , Li Wenqing , Han Jingli , Yang Yuanhua , Jin Junhua , Xiao Fei , Xu Xiaomao , Zhai Zhenguo
Published: July 2018

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) represents a progressive disease characterized by abnormally high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery. Although mutations in the bone morphogenetic receptor 2 (BMPR2) are found in 80% of heritable, their low penetrance suggests that other unidentified genetic modifiers are required for this disease. In this report, whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and a linkage analysis were performed on genomic DNA isolated from four affected relatives and one non‐affected relative in two PAH families. By focusing on meaningful variants which were presented in the four affected family members, but not presented in the non‐affected individual, 49 SNP and eight indel variants in 39 genes were identified as candidates. Further high‐throughput multiplex genotyping and Sanger sequencing were carried out to confirm the putative causal mutations in 150 individuals (30 idiopathic PAH [IPAH] patients, 30 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension [CTEPH] patients, and 90 normal controls). A heterozygous and deleterious mutation in the gene MUC6 (p.Pro1716Ser) was confirmed in the IPAH group (20/30, 67%) and CTEPH group (1/30, 3.33%); no variant was detected in the 90 normal controls. MUC6, which is short for mucin 6, encodes high molecular weight glycoprotein produced by many epithelial tissues and forms an insoluble mucous barrier that protects the lumens. We re‐confirmed this low frequency mutation with the 1000 Genomes database across all species; no population or frequency data of this allele were acquired. We also found that this mutation site was highly conserved in different species and predicted MUC6 has the protection function of the airway and pneumoangiogram based on genomic sequence data. The compound heterozygous MUC6 gene mutation (p.Pro1716Ser) suggests a novel disease mechanism leading to PAH.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among active adult US scuba divers
Authors: Buzzacott Peter , Edelson Charles , Bennett Caslyn M , Denoble Petar J
Published: July 2018

Cardiovascular factors among uninjured active adult recreational scuba divers in the USA are described. Scuba diving as an activity was included in 2011, 2013, and 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. One-third of active US scuba divers were aged ≥50 years and/or reported prior high cholesterol, around half were overweight, more than half reported having smoked cigarettes, and 32% reported hypertension or borderline hypertension. High cholesterol, hypertension, high body mass index, and smoking status should all be addressed during routine diving fitness physician assessments, to reduce the risk of mortality while diving.
Public support for Latin American presidents: The cyclical model in comparative perspective
Authors: Carlin Ryan E. , Hartlyn Jonathan , Hellwig Timothy , Love Gregory J. , Martínez-Gallardo Cecilia , Singer Matthew M.
Published: July 2018

What characterizes the dynamics of presidential popularity? Research based on the United States of America finds popularity exhibits an almost law-like cyclicality over a president’s term: high post-election “honeymoon” approval rates deteriorate before experiencing an end-of-term boost as new elections approach. We contend that cyclical approval dynamics are not specific to the USA, but rather characteristic of presidential systems more generally, despite heterogeneity in their socio-economic and political contexts. Testing this proposition requires overcoming a key empirical problem: lack of comparable data. We do so by employing time-series inputs from 324 opinion surveys from a new publicly available database—the Executive Approval Database 1.0—to craft quarterly measures of popularity across 18 Latin American contemporary presidential democracies. Our analysis strongly confirms the cyclical approval model for the region. The conclusion identifies avenues for future research on the relationships across approval, presidentialism, and electoral, institutional, and socio-economic factors afforded by the new data resource we present here.
Development of the circumduction metric for identification of cervical motion impairment
Authors: Zhou Yue , Loh Eldon , Dickey James P , Walton David M , Trejos Ana Luisa
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Chronic neck pain results in considerable personal, clinical, and societal burden. It consistently ranks among the top three pain-related reasons for seeking healthcare. Despite its prevalence, neck pain is difficult to both assess and treat. Quantitative approaches are required since diagnostic imaging techniques rarely provide information on movement-related neck pain, and most common clinical assessment tools are limited to single plane motion measurement.

Methods

In this study, the ability of an inertial measurement unit to document the cervical motion characteristics of 28 people with chronic neck pain and 23 healthy controls was assessed. A total of six circumduction metrics and one neck circumduction trajectory model were proposed as identification metrics.

Results

Five metrics demonstrated significant differences between the two groups. The neck circumduction trajectory model successfully distinguished between the two groups.

Discussion

The evaluation of the proposed metrics provides proof of concept that novel metrics can be captured with relative ease in the clinical setting using an inexpensive wearable sensor headband. The derivation of the proposed model may open new lines of inquiry into the clinical utility of assessing the multiplanar movement of cervical circumduction. The results obtained from this study also provide additional insight for the development of a sensitive, quantifiable and real-world neck evaluation strategies.
Upregulation of PD-L1 predicts poor prognosis and is associated with miR-191-5p dysregulation in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Xiao-Yu , Zhang Jing , Hou Li-Dan , Zhang Rui , Chen Wei , Fan Hui-Ning , Huang Yan-Xia , Liu Hui , Zhu Jin-Shui
Published: July 2018

Targeting of the programmed cell-death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) signal pathway is a promising treatment strategy in several cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of PD-L1 in patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). A total of 240 patients who were diagnosed with COAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-sequencing data and another cohort for pair-matched COAD samples (n = 40) in tissue microarray (TMA) were enrolled in this study. The correlation of PD-L1 or miR-191-5p expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with COAD was further analyzed using TCGA data and TMA. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the association of PD-L1 or miR-191-5p expression with overall survival (OS) and tumor recurrence in patients with COAD. The microRNAs (miRNAs) that target PD-L1 gene were identified by bioinformatics and Spearman correlation analysis. We found that PD-L1 expression was increased in COAD tissues and was correlated with poor survival and tumor recurrence in patients with COAD. The increased expression of PD-L1 was attributed to the dysregulation of miR-191-5p expression rather than its genetic or epigenetic alterations. Moreover, the expression of miR-191-5p presented the negative correlation with PD-L1 expression and acted as an independent prognostic factor of OS in patients with COAD. Therefore, PD-L1 may predict poor prognosis and is negatively associated with miR-191-5p expression in patients with COAD.
Dengue viral infection deteriorates vitamin D3, K, thrombopoietin, and angiotensinogen levels in humans
Authors: Fatima Hina , Riaz Muhammad , Mahmood Zahed , Yousaf Fatima , Shahid Muhammad
Published: July 2018

Dengue fever is the most significant arthropod-transmitted viral disease in terms of mortality and morbidity, affecting at least 50 million people around the world. It is commonly recognized as “breakbone” fever as it is mostly associated with severe muscle and joint pain. The objective of the study was to evaluate and assess the levels of selected vitamins and hormones in serum of dengue patients from Faisalabad, Pakistan. Estimation of serum levels of vitamins D3 and K was carried out through spectrophotometer, while concentration of serum hormones, angiotensinogen and thrombopoietin, was determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit method. Hematological blood parameters were also investigated. Hematological parameters significantly ( P < 0.05) differ in dengue fever patients and normal control subjects. Vitamin D3 level was found significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased in test group (dengue patients) compared to control group (healthy individual). Vitamin K level was also reduced in test group compared to control group, but this reduction was nonsignificant ( P > 0.05). Among the tested hormones, angiotensinogen level was found significantly ( P < 0.05) lower in test group, while thrombopoietin was nonsignificantly ( P > 0.05) higher compared to control group. In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated the significance of tested vitamins and hormones along with blood parameters in monitoring the dengue infected patients.
Integrated Talent Management Scale: Construction and Initial Validation
Authors: Jayaraman S. , Talib Parvaiz , Khan Ahmad Faraz
Published: July 2018

Talent management is of strategic importance for organizations across the globe. Organizations face formidable challenges in managing talent. Although talent management is gaining attention in emerging economies such as India, there is scanty research in integrated talent management practices in the context of developing markets. This study reviews the existing but scattered measurement scales of talent management processes. Using a systematic scale development approach, the authors employ exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analyses with a sample of 506 employees from 17 organizations across three industries to develop an Integrated Talent Management Scale (ITMS). Numerous statistical tests were performed to establish the reliability and validity of the scale. The analysis confirmed the theoretically identified dimensions of talent management, namely, identifying critical positions (ICP), competence training (CT), development (D), and reward management (RM). The study makes an important contribution by constructing and validating an ITMS that would enable researchers and practitioners to measure talent management and its outcomes in a comprehensive manner.
Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Young Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Padaki Ajay S. , Noticewala Manish S. , Levine William N. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Popkin Michael K. , Popkin Charles A.
Published: July 2018

Background:

The risk of depression and the fear of reinjury were documented in recent investigations of patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. The extent of psychological trauma accompanying these injuries among young athletes, however, has never been assessed.

Hypothesis:

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after ACL injury are present among young athletes with high athletic identities.

Study Design

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients ≤21 years of age who had suffered an acute ACL rupture were consecutively recruited at a tertiary care center. Patients completed the Horowitz Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) to analyze for PTSD symptomatology, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, and an athlete specialization instrument created at the authors’ institution.

Results:

A total of 24 patients were consecutively recruited. The mean patient age was 14.5 ± 2.7 years, and 50% of patients were male. More than 87.5% of patients experienced avoidance symptoms, 83.3% acknowledged symptoms of intrusion, and 75% had symptoms of hyperarousal. Patients aged 15 to 21 years incurred a higher severity of PTSD symptoms than younger patients ( P = .033). Female patients experienced greater emotional trauma than male patients ( P = .017). Finally, patients with high athletic identities experienced greater emotional trauma than those with lesser athletic identities, but this finding was not statistically significant ( P = .14).

Conclusion:

Following ACL rupture, young athletes experience significant emotional trauma, including symptoms of avoidance, intrusion, and hyperarousal. High school and college athletes, female athletes, and patients with high athletic identities may be most susceptible.