bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Społeczeństwo obywatelskie w myśli społecznej Jana Pawła II i Václava Havla
Authors: Balcerczyk Ilona
Published: September 2022

Warto postawić pytanie: „Jaki jest dzisiejszy model społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Polsce?” Z pewnością opiera się on na dwóch filarach: normatywnym i aksjologicznym. W sensie normatywnym, społeczeństwo obywatelskie tworzą regulacje prawne, pozwalające na funkcjonowanie administracji samorządowej, zapewniające wolność stowarzyszeń, pozwalające obywatelom na partycypację w życiu społeczno-politycznym danej społeczności. Filar drugi ma charakter aksjologiczny, opiera się na wartościach składających się na podmiotowość społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Autorka, wychodząc poza wąskie, prawnicze tylko, filozoficzne czy socjologiczne analizy, sięga do narzędzi, których dostarczają wszystkie wspomniane dziedziny, poddając społeczeństwo obywatelskie opracowaniu interdyscyplinarnemu. Efekt jej dociekań jest więcej niż zadowalający, stanowiąc unikalną i co najważniejsze, niebywale inspirującą intelektualnie próbę empirycznej analizy społeczeństwa obywatelskiego przy odwołaniu do filozoficznego dziedzictwa Václava Havla i Jana Pawła II – dwóch wielkich XX-wiecznych obrońców ludzkiej wolności.
МЕТОДИКА ПОДБОРА РЕЖИМА РАЗРАБОТКИ НЕФТЕГАЗОКОНДЕНСАТНОЙ ЗАЛЕЖИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Кряжев Всеволод Александрович , Кряжев Ярослав Александрович , Гильманов Александр Янович , Шевелев Александр Павлович
Published: September 2022

Актуальность. Увеличение доли трудноизвлекаемых запасов нефти среди всех месторождений углеводородов приводит к необходимости разработки газоконденсатных залежей с нефтяными оторочками. Газ, имеющий меньшую плотность, чем нефть, располагается выше неё и формирует газовую шапку. Если добывается газ из этой шапки, давление в пласте снижается. За счет появления градиента давления между газовой шапкой и нефтяной оторочкой происходит фильтрация нефти в изначально газонасыщенную область залежи. Часть такой нефти становится неизвлекаемой традиционными способами в силу наличия критической нефтенасыщенности. Разработка нефтяной оторочки и отсрочка разработки газовой шапки далеко не всегда является экономически оптимальным решением. Поэтому актуальной задачей является выбор режима разработки нефтегазоконденсатной залежи. Такой выбор можно осуществить с помощью зарекомендовавшего себя в нефтегазовой промышленности гидродинамического моделирования.Целью работы является создание методики подбора режима разработки месторождений с нефтяной оторочкой и газовой шапкой с помощью гидродинамического моделирования.Объекты: газоконденсатные залежи с нефтяными оторочками.Методы. Моделирование основано на использовании классических законов сохранения массы и импульса для многофазной среды, решаемых с помощью неявной конечно-разностной схемы для давления и явной схемы для насыщенности фаз в гидродинамическом симуляторе. Рассчитывается несколько вариантов для одного месторождения с различными режимами разработки, отличающимися по времени перехода к совместной добычи нефти из оторочки и газа из газовой шапки, оценивается коэффициент извлечения нефти.Результаты. С использованием гидродинамического симулятора получены значения конечных коэффициентов извлечения нефти для всех вариантов разработки. Установлено, что наибольший коэффициент извлечения нефти достигается при изначальной добыче нефти без разработки газовой шапки. Показано, что более поздний ввод газовой шапки в эксплуатацию позволяет достичь больших значений коэффициента извлечения нефти. Обоснован ввод в разработку газовой шапки спустя 15–20 лет после начала разработки нефтяной оторочки.
ПЕРВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИИ ИЗОТОПОВ, МАКРО- И МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ИЗ АТМОСФЕРНЫХ ВЫПАДЕНИЙ В ЛИШАЙНИКАХ АРКТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: Кропачева Марья Юрьевна , Восель Юлия Сергеевна , Мезина Ксения Александровна , Белянин Дмитрий Константинович , Мельгунов Михаил Сергеевич , Макарова Ирина Владимировна
Published: September 2022

Актуальность исследования обусловлена началом активного промышленного освоения арктических территорий России. Для корректной оценки техногенного воздействия необходимо знать региональные уровни геохимического фона, а также пути атмосферного переноса вещества. Лишайники широко используются в качестве биоиндикаторов не только антропогенного загрязнения, но и значимых природных процессов, к примеру, локального или глобального атмосферных переносов и биогеохимических процессов перераспределения элементов.Цель: определить содержания микро- и макроэлементов (Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Zr, Cd, Ba, La, Ce, Eu, Pb, Nb, Mo, Nd, Hf, Ta, W, Th, U, Sn, REE), природных и искусственных изотопов (7Be, 210Pb, 137Cs) в лишайниках, а также их распределение между фракциями биомассы.Объекты: лишайники из лесотундры арктической зоны Западной Сибири: Ямало-Ненецкий Автономный округ, район Нового Уренгоя.Методы: фракционирование биомассы лишайника с выделением четырех фракций; определение стабильных элементов – ИСП-АЭС и ИСП-МС; определение природных и искусственных изотопов – гамма-спектрометрия с использованием колодезного детектора.Результаты. Содержания микро- и макроэлементов в лишайниках не показывают наличие значительного антропогенного воздействия. Все изученные элементы распределяются на две большие группы по характерным признакам распределения по фракциям биомассы лишайника. В первой группе элементы прочно связываются с биомассой лишайника за счет механического захвата частиц пыли из атмосферных выпадений. Элементы из второй группы испытывают физико-химическое воздействие со стороны лишайника и в различной степени распределяются по всем фракциям биомассы лишайника.
К ПРОБЛЕМЕ УСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТИ БУРЕНИЯ СКВАЖИН В УСЛОВИЯХ ОТСУТСТВИЯ ВРАЩЕНИЯ БУРИЛЬНОЙ КОЛОННЫ
Authors: Харламов Сергей Николаевич , Джанхорбани Мехран , Брыксин Максим Радиславович
Published: September 2022

Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью детального моделирования эволюции динамической структуры вязкой смеси, изменений объёмной концентрации пробуренного шлама в кольцевом межтрубном пространстве скважины, которая постоянно накапливается в процессе бурения, а также контроля ее критических значений, приводящих к проблемам функционирования специального оборудования. Цель работы состоит в численном моделировании в рамках методов вычислительной гидродинамики (computational fluid dynamics – CFD) развивающегося по времени и пространству процесса накопления шлама во внутренних системах с эксцентричным неподвижным ядром (трубах, каналах) при различных условиях течения буровых растворов типа Гершеля–Балкли, отличающихся произвольным изменением их реологических свойств, уяснении особенностей процесса накопления шлама, а также определении интенсивности засорения и момента времени для очистки скважин.Методы исследования рассматриваемых процессов основаны на комплексном подходе к физико-математическому и компьютерному моделированию гидродинамики и конвективного массопереноса в гетерогенных неоднородных сплошных средах, осложненных реологическими неньютоновскими эффектами, и комбинированном прямом и опосредованном анализе возможностей построенной модели к прогнозу сути процессов очистки и бурения скважин путем сопоставления результатов моделирования с имеющимися экспериментальными данными.Результаты демонстрируют особенности влияния реологических параметров на скорость накопления шлама в кольцевом межтрубном пространстве и закономерности выноса/осаждения частиц пробуренной породы при изменении режимов течения смеси. Оценены возможности метода исследования гидротранспорта в рамках ПО ANSYS ЭЛ – подхода посредством CFD-DEM модели при прогнозе перепада поля давления в скважине, эволюции динамической структуры смеси в зависимости от интенсивности загромождения межтрубного пространства шламом, изменений среднемассовой скорости на входе в скважину в сравнении с имеющимися экспериментальными данными. Численно определены и рекомендованы в практику условия для расчета максимальной рекомендуемой продолжительности бурения при произвольных комбинациях значений технологических и реологических параметров бурового раствора.
Modelos pedagógicos y formación docente
Authors: López Díaz Rodolfo Alberto
Published: September 2022

Podemos los educadores diferenciar con precisión modelo, escuela, enfoque, perspectiva o marco, en el ámbito de la educación? Es más: ¿en cuáles de estos se inscribe nuestro hacer profesional? O sobre qué fundamentos axiológicos, teóricos y metodológicos reposan las prácticas que aplicamos los docentes en las clases? Y, en similar condición, ¿estamos más allá de los grandes pedagogos de la historia? Una inquietud de cierre: ¿los criterios y prácticas en los que se enmarca nuestro quehacer profesional pueden prescindir de modelos pedagógicos? Los anteriores interrogantes y otros tantos son propios de todo educador, por ello, resulta indispensable hacer una pausa para pensar y sopesar lo que hacemos, en qué tradición educativa lo hacemos y cómo lo podemos hacer mejor. Para ello, este Apuntes de clase es una guía y un abanico de reflexiones, perspectivas teóricas y síntesis metodológicas sobre los modelos pedagógicos y las escuelas educativas de los cuales podamos servirnos los maestros en ejercicio y en formación para forjar una educación con mayor pertinencia.
Introducción al Antiguo Testamento I
Authors: Triana Rodríguez Jorge Yecid
Published: September 2022

La obra se presenta como un aporte al conocimiento del Antiguo Testamento en su contexto, aclarando algunos interrogantes sobre su origen literario, lingüístico y cultural. En segundo término, presenta un estado del arte sobre los estudios del Pentateuco, como son: autoría, composición, extensión y fuentes literarias; posteriormente, se adentra en el estudio de cada libro, en particular, señalando aspectos histórico-contextuales, literarios y enseñanzas, consideradas como claves teológicas de compresión y profundización. El libro se estructura mediante temas, los cuales aportan a la comprensión integral del Antiguo Testamento, en general, y del Pentateuco, en particular, acompañados de actividades de profundización o ampliación de conocimientos, enganchando el estudio bíblico a la formación de los licenciados en Educación Religiosa.
Flexión en vigas de concreto reforzado
Authors: Lamus Báez Fabián Augusto , Andrade Pardo Sofía
Published: September 2022

Esta obra fue concebida a partir de la experiencia de los autores al impartir la materia Diseño de Concreto. Se presenta como una recopilación de los apuntes de clase de uno de los temas que hacen parte de dicha asignatura. El método elástico, método de los esfuerzos permisibles o admisibles, método de las cargas de servicio o método ASD, por su nombre en inglés (Allowable Stresses Design), fue ampliamente usado para el diseño de concreto reforzado durante el siglo XX. Este parte de suponer que el concreto simple y el acero de refuerzo son homogéneos e isótropos y presentan un comportamiento elástico durante la aplicación de las acciones al elemento. Aunque el ASD es un método que empezó a perder su popularidad a mediados de los años sesenta, es importante comprender sus fundamentos y su aplicación, teniendo en cuenta que el Reglamento Colombiano de Construcción Sismo Resistente NSR-10 (2010) permite su uso como método alternativo de diseño en estructuras de concreto reforzado e, incluso, establece su aplicación en el diseño de otros materiales, como la madera y la guadua. Por otra parte, facilita entender cómo se diseñaron muchas estructuras con más de cincuenta años de existencia a través de este método.
Plantas piloto de tratamiento de agua potable y agua residual
Authors: Ramos Pérez Gian Luigi , Gentil Calderón Joan Sebastián , >González Forero Rosalina
Published: September 2022

La realización de prácticas, en particular en Plantas Piloto es vital para la formación de ingenieros, ya que les permite aproximarse a los equipos, unidades, sistemas y procesos que encontrarán en el desarrollo de su ejercicio profesional. Esta guía contiene una serie de procedimientos prácticos en el área del tratamiento de aguas, tanto potable como residual, que los estudiantes de las diferentes áreas de la ingeniería tienen la oportunidad de aplicar en las plantas piloto a escala en el Centro Tecnológico de Ambiente y Sostenibilidad de la Universidad de La Salle y entender cómo funcionan las unidades para que el agua que por ellas pasa cumpla los requerimientos normativos.
Manual de construcción de un puente peatonal en guadua
Authors: Urazán Bonells Carlos Felipe , Lamus Báez Fabián Augusto , Andrade Pardo Sofía
Published: September 2022

En el presente manual se especifican los requisitos mínimos y las pautas que se deben tener en cuenta para la construcción de puentes peatonales modulares en Guadua angustifolia Kunth. El modelo de puente aquí propuesto es resultado de una validación técnica y experimental, que culminó con la prueba de carga de un prototipo a escala real. La propuesta se limita a la sucesión de hasta 5 módulos para salvar luces de máximo 25 metros. El libro, dirigido a estudiantes y profesionales del sector de infraestructura vial, pero especialmente a comunidades rurales que requieran implementar soluciones como la planteada, incluye la lista de los materiales y las herramientas necesarias para el proceso constructivo; además, describe el proceso de unión o armado de las piezas que componen un módulo, así como del ensamblaje de los módulos. Por último, se propone una solución concerniente a la cubierta del puente con la finalidad de dar mayor funcionalidad a la estructura y al usuario frente a condiciones climáticas adversas.
Trabajo social
Authors: Mellizo Rojas Wilson Herney , Bautista Bautista Sandra Carolina
Published: September 2022

En el mundo, el trabajo social tiene una historia de más de cien años. En América Latina inicia con la conformación de la primera escuela de trabajo social en Chile, en 1925, y en Colombia esto acontece en 1936 con la creación de la Escuela de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Colegio Mayor del Rosario. Años más adelante, se crea el programa de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de La Salle, en 1966, que en 2016 celebró sus primeros cincuenta años. Ha sido una historia construyendo academia, universidad, pero sobre todo aportando desde allí al debate, a la formación, a la investigación y a las prácticas socio profesionales del trabajo social en el país y en la región latinoamericana. La publicación colectiva que ahora entregamos presenta a la comunidad académica diversas contribuciones al trabajo social y a las ciencias sociales en el país, producto de la historia de institucionalización del programa en la Universidad de La Salle. Es un aporte a la reflexión y al debate alrededor de las tendencias y los retos relacionados con los saberes, los aprendizajes y las prácticas profesionales y disciplinares del trabajo social que emergen en la historia de la profesión en el país.
Puente peatonal en guadua como aporte al desarrollo de la infraestructura rural
Authors: Urazán Bonells Carlos Felipe , Lamus Báez Fabián Augusto , Andrade Pardo Sofía
Published: September 2022

Mejorar la calidad de vida de la población colombiana implica indiscutiblemente que ello se lleve a cabo en gran parte de las zonas rurales, donde las condiciones en materia de vivienda e infraestructura de comunicación están aún por intervenir. Desde la academia se aporta a la problemática al investigar en la utilización de materiales regionales y de fácil asequibilidad, como es la guadua Angustifolia kunth, para el diseño y construcción de unidades modulares de un puente peatonal que, por su fácil consecución en determinadas zonas del país, relativo bajo costo y práctica manipulación, facilita la construcción del módulo de puente en un tiempo relativamente bajo y con la participación de mano de obra comunitaria.
Perfiles del profesional de la información en la sociedad del conocimiento
Authors: Pirela Morillo Johann Enrique
Published: September 2022

Presenta el panorama de los perfiles profesionales que se han definido en el área de ciencias de la información. A la vez, muestra el proceso de evaluación y propone un nuevo diseño curricular, el cual puede ser considerado como referente para la estructuración de planes y programas de estudio bibliotecología, archivología, y ciencias del a información. La obra está dirigida a estudiantes de pregrado y postgrado, interesados en explorar los horizontes de sentido que se han transitado para concebir y proyectar las competencias que la sociedad del conocimiento impone a los profesionales de la información. Igualmente, está dirigida a evaluadores y diseñadores del currículo y estudiosos de la formación bibliotecológica, archivística y de ciencias de la información.
Metodología básica de instrumentación industrial y electrónica
Authors: Constaín Aragón Alfredo José , Bernal Alzate Efraín
Published: September 2022

Este texto recoge las experiencias de los autores en su desempeño profesional y docente en la materia de instrumentación electrónica e industrial. Comprende, además de un enfoque compacto sobre la esencia del diseño electrónico (hardware y software) de los sistemas de instrumentación, una serie de temas no tratados en la bibliografía corriente sobre la materia, que clarifican conceptos importantes como: interpretación y definición de las incertidumbres de los sistemas de medición que se diseñan o manejan, aplicación de la retroalimentación negativa y discusión en detalle de algunos componentes discretos importantes. Finalmente se expone la nomenclatura para la elaboración de diagramas.
La familia rural y sus formas de diálogo en la construcción de paz en Colombia
Authors: Páez-Martínez Ruth Milena , del Valle Idarraga Mónica María , Gutiérrez Ríos Mirta Yolima , Ramírez-Orozco Mario
Published: September 2022

La obra es un aporte significativo al campo de los estudios de familia en Colombia y, en particular, al tópico de familia rural tan escasamente abordado. Desde una perspectiva educativa, en la obra se hacen visibles las prácticas dialógicas en las familias rurales, hondamente vinculadas con su cultura, su contexto y con sus particulares perspectivas de verse y sentirse rurales. Además, el libro centra la atención en la capacidad de estos grupos para generar espacios, tiempos y prácticas de diálogo, así como para reflexionar y plantear posibilidades en la construcción de paz en el país. Sin duda, en el marco del diálogo como movilizador de formación humana y como mediador de tensiones y conflictos humanos, quedan pistas sugerentes para la comprensión de los procesos de paz dentro y fuera de la familia.
Theory on DC Electric Circuits
Authors: Sánchez Salcedo Alejandro
Published: September 2022

This book is intended as a major support for the DC Electric Circuits course from the Electrical Engineering program and the Automation Engineering program at Universidad de La Salle. Its main contribution is to provide the students with a step-by-step explanation and detailed illustrations about the main concepts and analysis techniques of DC electric circuits and their related measurement systems.
Paranoia
Authors: González Montero Sebastián Alejandro , Bula Caraballo Germán Ulises
Published: September 2022

Una universidad corre el riesgo de que se la lleve la corriente, de flotar a la deriva sobre lineamientos institucionales y mediciones estandarizadas que se importan desde afuera, irreflexivamente, con cierto afán de no quedar atrás en la carrera, sin mirar muy bien hacia dónde se corre. Y todo esto, al tiempo en que, en lo psicopolítico, crece la paranoia y la desconfianza. No es para extrañarse: la universidad es una comunidad política, ciertamente, con funciones y poderes asimétricos; pero también es una comunidad llamada a la reflexión común sobre el destino común. La obra es una celebración de las posibilidades vitales de nuestra comunidad, de las posibilidades y líneas de fuga que le es dado tomar, así como de la forma como podemos hacernos cargo de nuestro presente.
The impact of global climate change on migration in the Russian Federation and Central Asian countries
Authors: Ryazantsev Sergey , Moiseeva Evgenia
Published: September 2022

Global climate change has a dramatic impact on the environment, transforming the conditions of human life and economic activities, which affects migration patterns as well. Climatic conditions have always played a crucial role in population distribution in Russia. Today, the impact of severe climatic regime of the Northern Russian territories is becoming increasingly aggravated with the negative effects of the global climate change, spurring up the population outflow from such strategically important regions as the Far North, Siberia, and the Far East. This study aims at estimating the role of environmental factors in this process on the basis of analysis of statistical data on the distribution of migrants by reasons for resettlement. Results of the analysis proved that climatic conditions are a powerful push/pull factor of internal migration in Russia; hence, as the climate change progresses, the population outflow especially from the Russian North is likely to become more intense. On the other hand, the climate change has already become a serious problem for Central Asian countries, creating risks for food security, water supply and energy systems there. Gradual environmental deterioration provokes socio-economic crises which force the population of vulnerable areas to migrate in search of livelihood sustainability. The majority of such migrants resettle within their countries, but a part is likely to move to Russia following the traditional labor migration patterns. Our preliminary estimates show that by 2050Russia is going to get additionally up to 120,000 migrants from Central Asia in total. In the authors' opinion this trend should be considered as positive both from the point of view of a contribution to the population of Russia, and from the point of view of Central Asian population's adaptation to the climate change.
Settlements' spatial development in the Altai and Tyva republics: a sociological analysis
Authors: Fomin Maxim , Mikryukov Nikolay , Miriazov Timur
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of two regions of Southern Siberia: the Altai and Tyva republics. The purpose of the study was to identify general patterns and individual features of the spatial development of these republics both at the regional and municipal level. The information base for the study was the results of sociological surveys of the population conducted in cities and villages of these two republics, as well as data from regional and municipal statistics of Rosstat. In the sociological research, the methods of questioning, generalization, statistical analysis, graphic analysis were used; to analyze demographic and economic processes, the following methods were used: cartographic, statistical, comparative analysis, forecasting, and specialization identification. Analysis of the demographic trends has shown the possibility of depopulation in the coming years in the Altai Republic and in the long term — in the Tyva Republic. Analysis of the data of sociological surveys demonstrates that for the cities of the Tyva Republic, the problems of communal services are key, and for the settlements of the Altai Republic- economic problems. A subjective assessment of the state and dynamics of the development of industrial enterprises is given, the level of development of small and medium-sized enterprises, promising economic specializations of the regions is estimated. Transport accessibility of cities and villages in the republics is estimated. Economic measures aimed at solving the existing problems and correcting the negative demographic trends are proposed. The results of the work can be used to develop priority measures of regional policy in order to develop the advantages of each of the regions and specific settlements.
Entrepreneurial attitudes as an element of the financial and economic culture of students
Authors: Aleksandrova Olga , Tyurikov Alexander , Kunizheva Diana , Markov Dmitry , Alikperova Natalia
Published: September 2022

The transition to a market economy implied the creation of opportunities for individuals to realize entrepreneurial talent. Over the past thirty years, the interest of young people in doing business has noticeably decreased. At the same time, in the conditions of the labor market compression caused by the crisis, increasing competition for available vacancies, the idea of starting own business may be attractive. The article is based on the results of a large-scale sociological study, which included a mass survey of students of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, a series of semi-structured interviews with experts and focus group interviews with students. It shows how students feel about entrepreneurship, how right they are, according to experts, in their expectations, and how the discovered ideas and attitudes can affect the development of the economy. According to the survey results, a third of students think about their own business as a way to achieve financial well-being. Young people mostly do not see their relatives and friends as their business partners, since they prefer to conduct business on a formal basis, which they see as a certain guarantee against unfair actions of partners. At the same time, the results suggest that the protection of private property and, first of all, business, is clearly insufficient for young people. This corresponds to their ideas about the disinterest of key economic actors in fair market competition, demonopolization of the economy, reduction of corruption in the public administration system, judicial and law enforcement agencies. Experts express skepticism about the possibility of the majority of young people to open and keep afloat their business, and attribute this to a shortage of material and educational resources, and most importantly — of the social capital that corresponds to the specifics of the current economic system.
Self Waqf (Muharrar)
Authors: Arifin Ah. Ali , Al-Hadi Abu Azzam , Suib Mohammad Syaiful
Published: September 2022

The potential for waqf is very large, as reflected in the number of Muslims who reach 87 percent of the total population in Indonesia. One of the productive waqf is self waqf (muharrar) in PPNJ. The implementation and realization of self waqf have not fully understood this definition, considering that the target is humans themselves. This study aims to identify the motives and factors that motivate them in waqf themselves to PP Nurul Jadid. Respondents in this study were eighteen respondents who were divided into three categories, namely the management of the pesantren, the infrastructure division, and academics/teachers. The results of this study are, first, the statement of the founder of PP Nurul Jadid about the form of struggle of the students of PP Nurul Jadid became the foundation for the students of PP Nurul Jadid in community life. Second, economic factors, third; skill factor owned by some of the less qualified administrators.
What is the Optimal Financial Structure Applicable to All Companies
Authors: Djomo Chimba Ulrich
Published: September 2022

To maximize value, companies must adopt the optimal financial structure. However, identifying this structure is not easy. Literature does not give satisfactory results. To remedy this difficulty, we have sought the optimal financial structure applicable to all companies. Thus, in a new approach by the cost of capital, using modelling, we identify an optimal financial structure model that can neutralize the risk of default of debt:   D/K  with t ? i but t > i.
Assessing effects of waste coal bottom ash on construction cost of reinforced concrete structures considering experimental data
Authors: Karalar Memduh , Öz Burak , Çavuşli Murat
Published: September 2022

In this study, it has been examined whether the bottom ash (BA) released to the nature as waste material from the thermal power plant can be used in reinforced concrete structures (RCS) and how much cost reduction will be caused in construction technology if BA is used in RCS. For this purpose, coal BA produced by Turkey-Zonguldak Cates power plant is mixed in different ratios into the concrete mixture of the beams. The different coal bottom ash ratio (BAR) is used instead of aggregate in the mixture. The beams created for 5 different BARs are subjected to tests and it is observed that the beam with the most critical bending is the beam with 75% coal BA. This BAR is applied to bearing elements of finite element model (FEM) and then current cost of the building and the construction cost used 75% coal BAR are compared with each other. It has been observed that when 75% coal BAR is used instead of aggregate in RCSs, there is a 40% reduction in construction costs. This result is of great importance both for the recycling of BA and for revealing that BA reduces construction costs.
Statistical investigation of the effect of different damage conditions on the modal frequency value of a steel beam
Authors: Alpaslan Emre
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to parametrically investigate the changes in modal frequency values on a steel beam caused by specified damaged schemes. In this context, the ANSYS Workbench software program was used to create a steel profile's finite-element model. A cantilever steel beam profile is created with a 60x60 mm cross-section and 3m length utilizing single-sided fixed support. In the finite-element model, the crack depth, width, and distance to the support were parametrically assigned as the damaged scheme to the steel profile. To investigate the effects of those damages on the modal frequency values of the steel profile, first of all, the modal frequency values for undamaged cases corresponding to the first ten-mode shapes were obtained. Then, the specified crack properties were determined parametrically, and the changes in frequency values for damaged cases were examined. In addition, a comparative evaluation of the effect of crack properties on the natural frequency of the steel element was performed by utilizing response surface and six sigma analysis. The analysis results demonstrated that specified crack schemes have different effects on different modal natural frequencies. The applied response surface and six sigma analysis provided important statistical data on the modal natural frequency values of the steel beam.
Ladrillo prefabricado con plástico y vidrio reciclado apto para la construcción de viviendas económicas y sociales = Prefabricated brick with plastic and recycled glass suitable for the construction of affordable and social housing
Authors: Cedillo-Alvarado Nury , Echeverría-Maggi Eddie
Published: September 2022

Ecuador se adapta a la evolución arquitectónica universal de los últimos años, mediante la ejecución de proyectos investigativos de reciclaje de desechos sólidos no renovables y desechos orgánicos para la elaboración de elementos arquitectónicos sostenibles que colaboren con el medio ambiente. La presente investigación consiente en reutilizar desechos de plástico PET y vidrio, que mediante un proceso técnico podrá ser utilizado como elemento constructivo, de esta manera se cumple con objetivo de mitigar la contaminación ambiental.AbstractEcuador adapts to the universal architectural evolution in recent years, through the implementation of research projects recycling of solid waste and non-renewable organic waste to developing sustainable architectural elements to work with the environment. The present investigation allows to reuse PET and glass plastic waste, which through a technical process can be used as a constructive element, in this way it meets the objective of mitigating environmental pollution
Development of Plant Physiology Practicum Guidelines Based on Learning by Research for Biological Education Students
Authors: Thahir Rahmatia , Magfirah Nurul , Anisa Anisa , Nurdiyanti Nurdiyanti
Published: September 2022

Universities are currently focusing on development of two aspects, namely being a learning college and a research college. Scientific attitudes, scientific processes, and scientific products are special characteristics of the research learning process. The three components of research learning are developed by educators both teachers and lecturers maximally in practicum activities in the laboratory. Therefore, as a first step in student learning, lecturers should be able to innovate and be creative in utilizing existing resources for example by the preparation and implementation practicum based on learning by research model. The purpose of this study is to know the process of developing a practical guide to Plant Physiology based on Learning By Research. To produce practical products of plant physiology that is valid, and practical for use in the Biological Education Program of Muhammadiyah University Makassar. This research is Research and Development (R&D) with  using plomp development model. From the results of the research that has been done shows that the practice guide of Plant Physiology based on Learning by Research that has been developed meets valid and practical criteria. The validation result of the guide is obtained the average value of the Content Validation Coefficient of 0.88 or has high relevance. While the practicality test is in the category of 'overall implemented' with a value of 3.56.
The Mistakes of the Biological Naturalist Approach to the Artificial Mind
Authors: TÜMKAYA Serdal
Published: September 2022

One side of the Biological Naturalist approach put forward by John Searle is about what the digital computer with von Neumann architecture, powered by the Church–Turing thesis, will never achieve, while the other side claims that consciousness can be investigated from a scientific, objective, third-person perspective, against the views known as dualism in the philosophy of mind. As consciousness is a subjective, irreducible, qualitative but biological part of the natural world, it is possible to simulate the mind with a von Neumann digital computer with a serial processor. On the other hand, he thinks that the primary goal of the strong artificial intelligence doctrine is still impossible. The concrete mind with intentional content is more than an abstract program with mere symbols. The only basis on which all his radical conclusions rise is Searle’s wholehearted adoption of the assumption that semantics cannot emerge from syntax as a conceptual truth. The whole problem comes down to his unconventional use of the terms identity, reduction, elimination, simulation, conceptual truth, and causality.
CONSEQUENCES OF ABUSIVE SUPERVISION
Authors: abideen Zain ul
Published: September 2022

The overarching objective of this article is to study and integrate the accumulated evidence that survey the causes and consequences of abusive supervision in work organizations. This research work also tries to examine the influence of abusive supervision on Emotional Exhaustion and Work Alienation. The study uses survey research method. This study is primary in nature, using a questionnaire tool for the data collection. Data is collected from 100 employees of different organizations working in Pakistan like Armed Forces, Health Sector, Marketing, Finance and Administration.
Financing natural infrastructure : Exploration Green, Texas
Authors: Greenfeld Bari , Kurth Margaret , Smith Matthew , Kalaidjian Ellis , Abellera Marriah , King Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

This technical note is part of a series collaboratively produced by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)–Institute for Water Resources (IWR) and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC). It describes the funding process for Exploration Green, a largescale community initiative that transformed a former golf course into a multipurpose green space with flood detention, habitat, and recreation benefits. It is one in a series of technical notes that document successful examples of funding natural infrastructure projects. The research effort is a collaboration between the Engineering With Nature® (EWN®) and Systems Approach to Geomorphic Engineering (SAGE) programs of USACE. A key need for greater application of natural infrastructure approaches is information about obtaining funds to scope, design, construct, monitor, and adaptively manage these projects. As natural infrastructure techniques vary widely by location, purpose, and scale, there is no standard process for securing funds. The goal of this series is to share lessons learned about a variety of funding and financing methods to increase the implementation of natural infrastructure projects.
Prevalence and determinants for poor nutritional status among children in Rural Dodoma Region of Tanzania
Authors: Mbwana Hadijah A. , Mwinuka Lutengano
Published: September 2022

Background: Undernutrition is a problem of public health significant in developing countries. This study examined the factors that determine stunting in children in Dodoma Region in Tanzania.
Methods: Multistage stratified sampling procedure was used to select respondents. Height and weight were measured and nutritional status of children was determined. Stunting, underweight, and wasting in children were defined using these criteria, which were compared to WHO norms and standards. Logistic regression models were used to establish relationships between stunting and multiple variables.
Results: The overall prevalence of stunting was 33%. Mzula village had the highest prevalence of severely underweight children at 3.6%. There were no significant differences in weight and height among children between villages. Important determinants of stunting in a univariate logistic regression were mother’s education, material used to build house, age of the child and distance to water source. In the multivariate analysis distance to water source and mother’s education, maternal education, and child’s age were found to independently predict stunting. The univariate logistic regression picked the father’s education, age of the mother and distance to water source as main determinants of being underweight.
Conclusion: The current study stresses the importance of implementing region specific and context-relevant treatments to prevent malnutrition in this and other similar contexts in Tanzania.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 in vitro potential of Castor Oil Plant (Ricinus communis) Leaf Extract: In-Silico Virtual Evidence
Authors: Elkousy Rawah H. , Said Zeinab N.A. , Ali Mohamed A. , Kutkat Omnia , wafa Salwa A. Abu El
Published: September 2022

Background Ricinus communis L. is a medicinal plant displays valuable pharmacological properties. Diverse phytochemical constituents display valuable pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, antipyretic, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory property. This study targeted to isolate and identify some constituents of R. communis leaves using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) and different chromatographic techniques, then characterize the potential cytotoxicity, anti-MERS-CoV and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vitro. Isolated phytoconstituents and remdesivir are assessed for in-silico anti-COVID-19 activity by inhibiting the main protease and spike protein using molecular docking tools. Methods: The CH2Cl2 fraction was subjected to repeated chromatographic separation to isolate the phytochemicals, and their structures were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS was performed to determine the different phytochemicals in the CH2Cl2 fraction. The in vitro anti-MERS and anti-SARS-CoV2 activity for different fractions and for two pure isolated compounds, lupeol (RS) and ricinine (RS1) were evaluated using Plaque reduction assay and IC50 based on their cytotoxic concentration (CC50) from an MTT assay using Vero E6 cell line. Molecular docking studies were carried out for both SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and main protease (Mpro) receptors then examined the possible mechanisms of action. Results: The methylene chloride extract exhibited pronounced virucidal effect with more than a 90% viral inhibitory effect, it showed activity against SARS-CoV- 2 (IC50 = 1.76µg/ml) with high safety index, SI = 291.5. It was also shown that ricinine had superior potential activity against SARS-CoV-2, (IC50 = 2.5 µg/ ml). This constituent was less effective for MERS, IC50 = 87.2 µg/ ml. Lupeol displayed the most potency against MERS, (IC50 = 5.28 µg/ ml), SI = 67.27, but was less effective for SARS, IC50 = 19.5 µg/ ml. Ricinine showed significant binding to (3CLpro) and modest affinity for (S) spike protein, along with a possible interaction with SARS-CoV-2 major protease. Ricinine appeared to be the most biologically active. Conclusion: The study showed that Ricinus communis and its isolated compounds have potential natural virucidal activity against SARS-COV-2, however, additional exploration is necessary for further chemical modification of these structures, guided by the molecular docking tools and study for their in vivo activity.
Isolated cerebellar metastasis from urothelial carcinoma: a case report of a rare phenomenon
Authors: Verheijen Eduard , Taal Walter , Tewari Rishi D.S. Nandoe , Giessen Mariëtte C.A. , Roshani Hossain
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Although urothelial carcinoma (UC) generally is non-invasive, contrastingly in 25% of patients UC metastasizes. Isolated CNS metastasis from UC without other distant metastases are considered rare. In this case report we describe a patient with an isolated and solitary cerebellar metastasis from UC.
Case presentation
A 77-year-old male was diagnosed with a pT2N0M0 high-grade urothelial carcinoma and treated with transurethral resection and chemoradiation therapy. Several months later, the patient presented with neurological symptoms, and radiological imaging revealed a solitary cerebellar mass. A body CT scan showed no other metastasis. After surgical resection, histology confirmed a urothelial origin of the mass, matching his primary UC and the patient received post-operative stereotactic radiotherapy at the surgical site.
Conclusions
Isolated brain metastases without other distant metastases from UC are rare, so histologic confirmation of the brain metastasis is essential, particularly when the time interval between diagnosis of the UC and brain metastasis increases.
Abrogation of the triple-negative breast tumor growth in orthotopic mouse models through survivin silencing using liposome-mediated delivery of siRNA
Authors: Vaidya Sandeep , Mohod Annie , Chowdary Abhisheik , Andugulapati Sai Balaji , pabbaraja srihari
Published: September 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Three-Dimensional Heat Maps and Distribution of Pilon Fractures
Authors: Gao Yuling , Liu Yang , Zhou Junlin
Published: September 2022

Background: This study aimed to create three-dimensional heat maps of pilon fractures for assessing the distribution of the fractures.
Methods: The study included 144 patients (145 fractures) diagnosed with pilon fractures between January 2017 to December 2021. CT scan was performed in all patients. Based on the AO/OTA classification, the fractures were divided into 6 types (B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, and C3). These fractures were allocated in 7 areas and 3 columns on the distal articular surface of the tibia. All fractures were converted to the standard tibial model to create heat maps. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results：Pilon fractures involve the anterior talofibular ligament area (23%), the fibular notch area(11%), anterior median area(22%), and anterior area of the medial malleolus (18%), malleolus sulcus area (15%), medial malleolus area (7%), posterior malleolus (7%) , posterior talofibular ligament area (6%). There was a significant difference in the proportion of 3 columns based on the AO/OTA classification (P<0.05), and the proportion of the posterior column was least, with an average value of 0.236.
Conclusions：Three-dimensional heat maps of pilon fractures are successfully created. Most pilon fractures are type C3 fractures based on the AO/OTA classification. Pilon fractures mainly affect the anterolateral column of the tibia, with less involvement of the posterolateral column. Based on the heat maps, pilon fractures mainly affect the anterior talofibular ligament area, fibular notch area, anterior border of the tibia, and malleolus sulcus area.
Level of Confidence: IIIa
Wafer Map Defect Classification using Deep Learning Framework with Data Augmentation on Imbalance Datasets
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Han , Wang Chieng-Yang
Published: September 2022

Wafer map defect classification is a key task for the semiconductor industry to improve the yield rate. Most wafer map defect classifications suffer from the problem of data imbalance and insufficient data. This paper proposes a global-to-local generative adversarial network (G2LGAN) method using the deep learning framework. It extracts global features and local features separately to generate effective data even in the imbalanced dataset. We use random under-sampling to suppress the majority class of data. We use MobilenetV2 as the classifier, and use two datasets for validation. One is open dataset 1WM-811K and the other is called 21-Defect built from the industry. Based on the serious dataset imbalance problem, this paper integrates data enhancement and random undersampling methods to optimize the dataset and uses the proposed classification network for classification tasks. The results of WM-811K dataset show that the proposed method has a classification accuracy of 98.39 and an F1-Score of 93.01. We also conduct cross-validation on the 21-Defect dataset and the results show that the proposed method has good robustness.
Effects of compost incorporation on greenhouse gas emissions, N retention, and crop yield at two different P levels: results from a two-year lysimeter experiment with silty loam soil
Authors: Li Zhijie , Reichel Rüdiger , Cao Xinyue , Pütz Thomas , Küpper Werner , Meulendick Philipp , Zhao Kerui , Endenich Manuel , Brüggemann Nicolas
Published: September 2022

Purpose Compost has great potential for use in sustainable agriculture. Stoichiometric relationships between C, N and P play an important role in soil biogeochemical processes. The aim of this study was to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil nutrient retention and leaching, aboveground biomass and crop yield at different soil C:N:P ratios.
Methods The lysimeter experiment included six treatments: (1) without fertilization and seeding (bare), (2) common P fertilization (control), (3) P fertilization at twice the common level, (4) compost addition of 40 t ha-1 and common P fertilization, (5) compost addition of 40 t ha-1 and P fertilization at twice the common level, and (6) compost addition of 80 t ha-1 and common P fertilization. Treatments 2-6 were all fertilized at the same N level.
Results Compost application significantly increased aboveground biomass and grain yield, particularly in the double compost treatment, where the variability between replicates was particularly low. However, the effect of compost application on GHG emissions was insignificant. Addition of 80 t ha-1 of compost increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC), compared to the control, but did not lead to a significant increase in DOC, N and P leaching losses. In contrast, bare soil resulted in significant leaching losses of DOC and nitrate (NO3–) compared to plant-covered treatments.
Conclusion We conclude that combined compost and N fertilizer application is a suitable management option for increasing crop yield and reducing its variability, as it does not lead to increased GHG emissions and leaching losses of NO3– and P.