bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual trigger in normally-responding assisted reproductive technology patients increases the number of top-quality embryos
Authors: Şükür Yavuz Emre , Ulubaşoğlu Hasan , İlhan Fatma Ceylan , Berker Bülent , Sönmezer Murat , Atabekoğlu Cem Somer , Aytaç Ruşen , Özmen Batuhan
Published: October 2020

Objective: The feasibility of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger in normal responders is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to compare the number of mature oocytes, the number of good-quality embryos, and the live birth rate in normal responders triggered by GnRHa alone, GnRHa and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; a dual trigger), and hCG alone.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the infertility clinic of a university hospital. Data from 200 normal responders who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection with a GnRH antagonist protocol between January 2016 and January 2017 were reviewed. The first study group consisted of patients with cycles triggered by GnRHa alone. The second study group consisted of patients with cycles triggered by both GnRHa and low-dose hCG (a dual trigger). The control group consisted of patients with cycles triggered by hCG alone.Results: The groups were comparable in terms of demographics and cycle characteristics. The numbers of total oocytes retrieved and metaphase II oocytes were similar between the groups. The total numbers of grade A embryos were 3.2±2.9 in the GnRHa group, 4.4±3.2 in the dual-trigger group, and 2.9±2.1 in the hCG group (p=0.014). The live birth rates were 21.4%, 30.5%, and 28.2% in those groups, respectively (p=0.126).Conclusion: In normal responders, a dual-trigger approach appears superior to an hCG trigger alone with regard to the number of top-quality embryos produced. However, no clinical benefit was apparent in terms of live birth rates.
Optimizing the delivery of early palliative care for hematology patients receiving a stem cell transplant: A role for a Nurse Practitioner
Authors: Lewis Ellen
Published: October 2020

A hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an intense treatment approach for patients with a hematologic malignancy and brings a significant risk for morbidity and mortality. HSCT brings hope of cure for patients; however, treatments are lengthy and burdensome from both a physical and psychosocial perspective. As the culture of HSCT has traditionally been cure-oriented, it leaves little room for a potential partnership with palliative care services, and when palliative care services are introduced, it is often too late for significant benefit. The need to standardize palliative care involvement for patients with hematologic malignancies receiving a HSCT has become necessary, yet there are challenges with the best way to create such a partnership. Nurse practitioners are a steadily growing professional body possessing the knowledge and skill necessary to fill the gap in palliative care delivery for HSCT patients. The proposed Nurse Practitioner Early Palliative Care for HSCT patients (NEST) algorithm will seek to provide a pathway in which to foster a partnership between hematology/HSCT teams and palliative services to yield the best care possible for patients.
The ethical and epistemic roles of narrative in person-centred healthcare
Authors: Walker Mary Jean , Rogers Wendy A , Entwistle Vikki A
Published: October 2020

Positive claims about narrative approaches to healthcare suggest they could have many benefits, including supporting person-centred healthcare (PCH). Narrative approaches have also been criticised, however, on both theoretical and practical grounds. In this paper we draw on epistemological work on narrative and knowledge to develop a conception of narrative that responds to these concerns. We make a case for understanding narratives as accounts of events in which the way each event is described as influenced by the ways other events in the narrative are described. This view of narratives recognises that they can contribute knowledge of different kinds of connections between events: not just causal, and not just of patient’s perspectives. Additionally, narratives can add further epistemic value by suggesting potentially useful lines of inquiry. We take narrative approaches to healthcare to include clinicians considering both patients’ informational offerings and their own professional understandings as narratives. On this understanding, our account is able to overcome the major theoretical and practical criticisms that have been levelled against the use of narrative approaches in healthcare, and can help to explain why and how narrative approaches are consistent with PCH.
Persons over models: shared decision-making for person-centered medicine
Authors: Annoni Marco , Blease Charlotte
Published: October 2020

In the last decades “shared decision-making” has been hailed as the new paradigm for the doctor-patient relationship. However, different models of clinical decision-making appear to be compatible with the core tenets of “shared decision-making”. Reconsidering Emanuel and Emanuel (1992) classic analysis, in this paper we distinguish five possible models of clinical decision-making: (i) the ‘instrumental’; (ii) the ‘paternalistic’; (iii) the ‘informative’; (iv) the ‘interpretative’; and (v) the ‘persuasive’ models. For each model we present its fundamental assumptions as well as the role that patients and doctors are expected to play with respect to value-laden dilemmas. We argue that, with the exception of the instrumental model, each of the other four models may be appropriate depending on the circumstances. We conclude by highlighting the importance of structuring clinical care around actual persons - and their unique lives and philosophies - rather than around abstract frameworks.
Political Versus Apolitical Epistemologies in Knowledge Organization
Authors: Hjørland Birger
Published: October 2020

Section 1 raises the issue of this article: whether knowledge organization systems (KOS) and knowledge organization processes (KOP) are neutral or political by nature and whether it is a fruitful ideal that they should be neutral. These questions are embedded in the broader issue of scientific and scholarly research methods and their philosophical assumptions: what kinds of methods and what epistemological assumptions lie behind the construction of KOS (and research in general)? Section 2 presents and discusses basic approaches and epistemologies and their status in relation to neutrality. Section 3 offers a specific example from feminist scholarship in order to clearly demonstrate that methodologies that often claim to be or are considered apolitical represent subjectivity disguised as objectivity. It contains four subsections: 3.1 Feminist views on History, 3.2 Psychology, 3.3 Knowledge Organization, and 3.4. Epistemology. Overall, feminist scholarship has argued that methodologies, claiming neutrality but supporting repression of groups of people should be termed epistemological violence and they are opposed to social, critical, and pragmatic epistemologies that reflect the interaction between science and the greater society. Section 4 discusses the relation between the researchers’ (and indexers’) political attitudes and their paradigms/indexing. Section 5 considers the contested nature of epistemological labels, and Section 6 concludes that the question of whose interest a specific KOS, algorithm, or information system is serving should always be at the forefront in information studies and knowledge organization (KO).
Paratext
Authors: Skare Roswitha
Published: October 2020

This article presents Gérard Genette’s concept of the paratext by defining the term and by describing its characteristics. The use of the concept in disciplines other than literary studies and for media other than printed books is discussed. The last section shows the relevance of the concept for library and information science in general and for knowledge organization, in which paratext in particular is connected to the concept “metadata.”
Kindesmisshandlung durch weibliche Genitalverstümmelung
Authors: Wüstenberg Dirk
Published: October 2020

Die rituelle weibliche Genitalverstümmelung ist eine schwerwiegende Körperverletzung und (Kindes-)Misshandlung. Das Recht der Versehrten und der Unversehrten betreffend diese Tat wurde in den letzten Jahren deutlich verschärft. Um den Opfern und Bedrohten helfen zu können, bedarf es der Kenntnis der Rechtslage im Überblick.
Renovation and Reuse of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Direction of Eco-Design
Authors: Sinioros Panagiotis , Amir Haidari Abas , Manousakis Nikolaos , Lasithiotakis Michael , Tzoraki Ourania
Published: October 2020

Nowadays there is a higher need of strict and broader legislation in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling industry to reduce environmental effects of WEEE. Environmental challenges include pollution, exhaustion of natural resources, waste management and reduction of landfills. High speed in technological development in many sectors puts many products in great challenge of obsoleting almost immediately after their purchase. In particular, this is the fate for electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). They are forever-improving and incorporate state of the art innovations. This provide many benefits; however, at the same time, its expansion results in rapidly growing waste stream of WEEE. WEEE contains a combination of all these situations, including for example, batteries, plastics of quality, precious metals and toxic soldering metals. The reuse and renovation of WEEE are therefore very critical because of its significant ecological environmental impacts. Sustainable development is not a static situation, but a state of dynamic balance between human and environmental system. The current chapter explores sustainability planning and strategies such as eco-design, and design for dismantling and recycling, and what they mean for electronic products. It examines the incentives, methods and tools for sustainable electronic product design, with particular emphasis on reuse, recycling, selection of sustainable materials and processes, and lack of resources.
Integrated Model of Product Design Methods
Authors: Ginting Rosnani
Published: October 2020

A critical factor in product innovation creativity is the development of design methodologies in various fields. The design and manufacture of a product, whether new or existing, is a significant part of engineering activities. The ability to design, develop, and produce products that customers want efficiently is the key to success in today’s dynamic global market. Among these capabilities is the ability to design products that are competitive, cost-effective, and ready to be marketed on time. One key factor for maintaining competitiveness in the market is the focus on product and innovation processes by using various integrated design methods that are implemented as a standard part of design activities. The innovative integrated method, which combines various product design methods precisely can solve the main contradictory problems in the process from product demand analysis, product design, to production.
Neutrophil Counts and Rates in Otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Yildiz Erkan
Published: October 2020

Complete blood count is a fairly inexpensive test that is widely used in the clinic. Neutrophils are also one of the most important parameters in complete blood count. They play a critical role in upper respiratory tract infection, as well as in many chronic otolaryngology diseases. It also has widespread uses in otorhinolaryngology practice. There are many publications on neutrophil counts and neutrophil lymphocyte ratios in patients. Neutrophil counts and rates play an important role in the follow-up and prognosis of many important otolaryngology diseases such as bell palsy, sudden hearing loss, allergic rhinitis, chronic otitis media, nasal polyposis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. In this chapter, the importance of neutrophils in these diseases will be discussed with the literature.
Market Prospecting and Assessment of the Economic Potential of Glycerol from Biodiesel
Authors: Dias da Silva Ruy Alisson , Luíza Freitas Ferreira Ana , Ésio Bresciani Antônio , Maria de Brito Alves Rita , Antônio Magalhães Pontes Luiz
Published: October 2020

Glycerol from biodiesel is a potential raw material for synthesis of several products with high added value. The world demand and the market value of these products are important information for defining the best investment for the implantation of a biorefinery. The information is available on websites of social associations, production companies and market consulting companies and can be mined, free of charge. The International Trade Center (ITC), with information on world trade and websites linked to the foreign trade agencies of every country, such as Comex Stat, in Brazil, are relevant search sources. In this context, this work presents procedures and search techniques for prospecting such information. Such a procedure is illustrated through a case study for which a search of market parameters for glycerol and its derivatives was carried out for use in the process design and economic evaluation of an industrial plant. It was found that crude glycerol had a market price close to US$ 170/ton, in 2019. Among its derivatives, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile and 1,3-propanediol have great potential for the development of new processes, within the scope of a biorefinery. Industrially, acrylic acid (US$ 1100/ton) and acrylonitrile (US$ 1500/ton) are produced from propene (US$ 880/ ton) and 1,3-propanediol (US $ 2000/ton) comes from glucose (US$ 460/t) or ethylene oxide (US$ 1200/t), which encourages the development of new sustainable processes.
Splenectomy in Liver Cirrhosis with Splenomegaly and Hypersplenism
Authors: Nugroho Adianto
Published: October 2020

Spleen is a “mysterious” organ since with unique functions, and might be related to other pathology in the human body. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism can manifest following the development of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis through fibrogenesis, immune and microenvironment dysregulation. Cirrhotic patients are generally considered as immunocompromised and prone to infections. Splenectomy in cirrhotic patients has produced concern over decrease immunity and elevated risk of infection, namely overwhelming post splenectomy pneumococcal sepsis. This review discus the splenectomy effect to the liver and how it can play a role in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension without readily available access to liver transplantation.
Taxonomic revision of Australian Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae): integrating morphology and genetics finds a new species and tackles old problems
Authors: Johnston Nikolas P. , Wallman James F. , Dowton Mark , Szpila Krzysztof , Pape Thomas
Published: October 2020

A taxonomic revision of the Australian species of Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae) is completed using an integrated approach combining four molecular loci (three mitochondrial, COI, ND4 and CYTB; one nuclear, EF1α) and morphological data. A new species, Amobia (s. str.) serpenta sp. nov., endemic to Australia, is described, and Amobia auriceps (Baranov, 1935) and Amobia burnsi (Malloch, 1930) are re-described. Molecular data are used to reconstruct inter-specific and generic relationships and support morphological species hypotheses. Phylogenetic analysis places all three Australian Amobia species together with Amobia signata (Meigen, 1824) (a Palaearctic species) in a single clade sister to Senotainia Macquart, 1846 (in part), which is in agreement with previous phylogenetic studies of the Miltogramminae. In addition to the description of species and molecular phylogenetics, general host associations for the Australian species of Amobia are discussed and evidence for the synonymisation of A. pelopei (Rondani, 1859) and A. auriceps is refuted.
Total and Exchangeable Copper Assay Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Establishment of a Pediatric Reference Interval
Authors: Yim Jisook , Kwon Soo Beom , Han Jung Sun , Kim Jeong-Ho , Lee Eun Hee , Lee Sang-Guk
Published: October 2020

Context.—

Recently, an exchangeable copper (CuEXC) assay has been suggested as a robust and feasible diagnostic tool for Wilson disease (WD). Although WD is a disorder that requires lifelong treatment and monitoring, few data are currently available regarding the status of copper levels in children.

Objective.—

To evaluate the performance of copper assays and establish a reference interval for total copper and CuEXC in the pediatric population.

Design.—

Serum samples from children aged 1–5 (n = 122), 6–12 (n = 125), and 13–18 years (n = 120) were analyzed. Total copper and CuEXC concentrations were directly measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and relative CuEXC levels were calculated. Total copper reference intervals, CuEXC levels, and relative CuEXC levels were determined based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the data with 90% confidence intervals.

Results.—

There were significant differences in the median concentrations of total copper and relative CuEXC among the age groups. Reference intervals determined for total copper were 82 to 167, 75 to 139, and 64 to 133 μg/dL for children aged 1 to 5, 6 to 12, and 13 to 18 years, respectively. The reference intervals for CuEXC were 4.29 to 9.79, 4.02 to 9.09, and 3.55 to 8.25 μg/dL for children aged 1 to 5, 6 to 12, and 13 to 18 years, respectively. Among 11 patients with suspected WD, relative CuEXC values were elevated in all 3 diagnosed with WD.

Conclusions.—

The pediatric reference intervals derived in this study are expected to be useful for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of pediatric patients with WD.
Current knowledge about the etiopathogenesis and therapy options for COVID-19
Authors: Pešić Srđan , Jovanović Hristina , Trajković Hristina
Published: October 2020

Currently, over 35 million people in the world are infected with the COVID-19 and over a million have died. The pandemic character of the disease has imposed dynamic research both in the field of clarification of the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the disease and in the field of possible therapy. The amount of scientific knowledge has increased dozens of times in the last nine months, but we are still not even close to define an effective and safe therapy. The knowledge that COVID-19 is not only a respiratory but also a multisystem disease, which affects almost all organs, gave us opportunities for therapeutic adjustments. Strong oxidative stress, silent chronic hypoxia, increased coagulability, and increased platelet aggregation are just some of the mechanisms in the development of the disease. Cardiovascular consequences and vascular endothelial dysfunction are thought to be mainly responsible for death with a dangerous cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Having all this in mind in the therapeutic sense, it is proposed to use antibiotics, high doses of vitamin C, blood transfusion, immunoglobulin, interferon, anti-IL-6 antibodies, small doses of Dexamethasone or other corticosteroids, specific antiviral drugs such as favipiravir and remdesivir. The use of chloroquine is excluded from the therapeutic protocols of the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (United States of America). For preventive and supportive purposes, high doses of vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, probiotics, Alpha-lipoic acid, and other supplements are recommended. The use of anti-inflammatory, analgo-antipyretics drugs is considered justified, as well as the use of small doses of acetylsalicylic acid. Over 70 other drugs are currently being tested in over 400 clinical studies. In patients who already use corticosteroids by inhalation or intranasally due to asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic rhinitis, or biological drugs due to immunomodulatory inflammatory diseases, this therapy should not be changed and it is not a prerequisite condition for more severe forms of the disease. The specifics of the infection in special populations such as children or pregnant women must also be taken into consideration.
Reader Reflections
Authors: Shotsberger Paul G.
Published: October 2020

Initial results from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) have captured the attention of the mathematics education community (www.ed.gov/NCES/timss). I was interested in determining the extent to which Japanese teachers thought that the TIMSS findings, especially those of the videotaped study of eighth graders (www.ed.gov/NCES/timms/video/jimfind1.htm), could be considered standard practice in Japanese classrooms. Searching the World Wide Web for Japanese schools online, I established contact with two teachers who were willing to con-espond via e-mail and located a Web message board about Japanese teaching methods. From these exchanges I learned more about the day-to-day realities of teaching mathematics in Japan.
From an E to an A in First-Year Algebra with the Help of a Graphing Calculator
Authors: Bethell Sandra Callis , Miller Nicolas B.
Published: October 2020

Technology has changed mathematics education. Computers and calculators not only have changed the objects of study and the behaviors associated with learning and doing mathematics but also have afforded access to more powerful mathematical ideas for students who struggle with various learning challenges, a previously underserved population of high school students.
Finding Buried Treasures—an Application of The Geometer's Sketchpad
Authors: Shilgalis Thomas W.
Published: October 2020

Among my rewarding experiences in the last few years has been adapting modern technology to orne problems that I first discovered in the 1960s. In the process I invariably learn something new.
Technology Tips: Evaluating Mathematics Videotapes for Use in the Classroom
Authors: Zucco Cathleen Maria
Published: October 2020

One type of technology that is not used to its fullest potential in mathematics classrooms is video technology. Students today, however, have learned from television since they were toddlers. They are constantly exposed to a variety of multimedia entertainment, from computer-animated movies to music television to interactive software and games. Secondary-level mathematics teachers should consider mathematics videotapes to be an important enhancement to their overall instructional program. This article presents selection criteria for teachers to use when reviewing video materials for classroom use and provides an annotated bibliography of available video material.
Sharing Teaching Ideas: Getting Students to Do Homework
Authors: Tripp Joseph S.
Published: October 2020

Effectively learning mathematics requires that our students do their assigned homework and then communicate their work to others. But persuading students even to do their homework can be difficult.
Soundoff!: “I Would Consider the Following to Be a Proof …”
Authors: Dodge Walter , Goto Kathleen , Mallinson Philip
Published: October 2020

The views expressed in “Soundoff!” reflect the views of the author and not necessarily those of the Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher or the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Readers are encouraged to respond to this editorial by sending doublespaced letters to the Mathematics Teacher for possible publication in “Reader Reflections.” Editorials from readers are welcomed.
Media Clips
Authors: Wood Dorothy
Published: October 2020

We welcome and encourage submissions to this department, which will comprise resources that teachers can use immediately or file away for future use. The assignments generated by these entries may range from starters for an entire class to fullblown projects for optional individual pursuit. Each lesson, though, should help convince our students that mathematics is useful, current, and newsworthy. Please send submissions to Media Clips, Mathematics Teacher, 1906 Association Drive, Reston, VA 20191-1593.
The Grodno Powiat Register and the Names of the Nobility from the Document of 1565
Authors: Čirūnaitė Jūratė
Published: October 2020

The article presents the analysis of the names of the nobility from the Grodno powiat in the Army Census of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1565. The structure of the Grodno flag register is described along with the instances of the registration of the nobles with their horses and military equipment, and the cases of sending the nobles and non-nobles to the army are listed. Extralinguistic elements of names (horses and military equipment) are indicated. Examination of the onomastics of male nobles showed that they were recorded as three types of names: names without potential surnames, names with only potential surnames, and mixed names. Twelve different ways of arranging proper names were used. The analysis of the structure of the names of male nobility showed that the names, first and second patronymics, -sk- type proper names, suffix-free proper names, and one -in- suffix derived proper name, which was unusual for the sixteenth century, were used in the names. The second patronymics were usually written in the genitive case while the nominative case was rarely used. In some instances, the first patronymic was omitted and only the second patronymic in the genitive case was recorded. Common words-descriptors were rare. The descriptors of the position prevailed; one common word-descriptor denoting the age group was used. Binary names of men prevailed, although there were many ternary names, and only few instances of single and quaternary names were found. A study of the onomastics of female nobles revealed that they were recorded as two types of names: anthroponyms consisting of the proper names of family members only and mixed names. For women, seven different variations of proper names were used. The analysis of the structure of female names revealed that names, andronyms, -sk- type anthroponyms, female patronymics were used, and the male patronymic in the genitive case (proper name from the spouse’s patronymic) occurred once. Five female surnames (four of married women and one of a single girl) were identified. Common words-descriptors were not used when recording women. Binary female names prevailed, although there were several ternary and quaternary names.
Contribuições da psicanálise para a crítica literária
Authors: Santos Carla Larisse Ferreira dos
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho buscou demostrar um pouco da crítica psicanalítica, exemplificando, em análise, o conto ‘O Gato Preto’. Esclarecendo brevemente a teoria do Sigmund Freud, o pai da psicanálise, e de como toda sua descoberta e observações em torno do inconsciente, foram importantes para a literatura. Mas não se pode negar que sua teoria está em constante relação com contexto literário, então, este trabalho, mostra as grandes contribuições de Freud para a análises literárias. Como exemplo dessas contribuições, foi pegado um conto de Edgar Allan Poe, por isso, surgiu a necessidade de abordar o que seria o conto para esse grande escritor norte-americano da ficção do terror. Logo após, seguiu a análise do ‘O gato preto’, assim, na prática, tornando mais evidente que existe uma relação entre a literatura e psicanálise.
In vivo evaluation of the protein quality of lyophilized egg white as substitute for casein in elaboration of an experimental diet based on AIN93
Authors: Ferreira-Chaves Wenicios , Pinheiro Isabeli Lins , Lucena-Cavalcanti Carolina Cadete , do Nascimento-Barreto Alvaro , da Silva Breno José , de Castro Raul Manhães , Aragão Raquel da Silva
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar in vivo la calidad de la proteína de la clara de huevo liofilizada como sustituto de la caseína en la dieta AIN93. Se separaron ratones Wistar machos (n= 30) según las dietas: caseína (CS), clara de huevo (EW) y sin proteína (PF). Se evaluó el crecimiento somático y la ingesta de alimentos. Se midieron la relación de eficiencia de proteína, la relación neto de proteína, el perfil bioquímico en suero, los pesos de los órganos y de los tejidos. La relación de eficacia de proteína, muestra que EW presenta un alto valor biológico. Sin embargo, EW mostró un crecimiento menor que el CS. El peso relativo de los órganos y la creatinina sérica se elevaron en el grupo EW. Por lo tanto, EW promueve la reducción del crecimiento, a pesar de la mayor ingesta.

The aim of the study was to evaluate in vivo the quality protein of lyophilized egg white as a substitute for casein in the AIN93 diet. Male Wistar rats (n= 30) were separated according to diets: casein (CS), egg white (EW) and without protein (PF). Somatic growth and food intake were assessed. Protein Efficiency Ratio, Net Protein Ratio, serum biochemical profile, organs and tissue weight were measured. Protein efficacy assessment shows that EW presents high biological value. However, EW group showed lower growth than the CS. The relative weight of organs and serum creatinine were elevated in the EW. Thus, EW promotes reduced growth and changes the weight of organs and tissues, despite the higher relative food intake.
Finansministeriet – skødehund eller overhund
Authors: Kærgård Niels , Smith Nina , Harder Peter
Published: October 2020

Der har i de senere år været en intens debat om Finansministeriet i dagspressen og blandt politikere. Det afspejler ministeriets vekslende position gennem tiderne fra 1970’ernes rolle som ”skødehund” for vedfærdsstatens udgiftskrævende fagministerier til et ministerium, som de andre ministerier og de selv betragter som en ”overhund”, der kan sende en fuldmægtig til at forhandle med andre ministeriers chefer. De skiftende positioner er udtryk for en naturlig konflikt, der er ældgammel. Er det den, der betaler middagen – Finansministeriet – der også bestemmer menuen, eller er det fagministerierne, der er eksperter og ansvarlige for deres fagområde, der bestemmer?
Vagthund eller overhund? En begrebsanalyse af økonomisk rationalitet og af Finansministeriets funktion
Authors: Harder Peter
Published: October 2020

Spørgsmålet om økonomiens rolle i den politiske proces og om Finansministeriets rolle som centrale aktør har været genstand for intens debat. De fleste er enige om, at man skal bære sig økonomisk fornuftigt ad, men der er ikke enighed om, hvad det indebærer. Her må en begrebsanalyse til. Alle kan være enige om, at man skal disponere økonomisk rationelt – men der findes flere ret forskellige versioner af begrebet økonomisk rationalitet. Denne kendsgerning bør afspejle sig i Finansministeriets fremtidige plads i det politisk-administrative apparat.
Nobelprismodtagerne 2019: Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo og Michael Kremer
Authors: Larsen Anna Folke
Published: October 2020

Nobelprisen i økonomi 2019 blev tildelt tre forskere i udviklingsøkonomi for deres eksperimentelle tilgang til at bekæmpe global fattigdom. Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo og Michal Kremer har transformeret udviklingsøkonomi ved at stille det vigtige, men uoverskuelige spørgsmål: »Hvordan bekæmper vi fattigdom på en effektiv måde?« og bryde det op i mindre spørgsmål med udgangspunkt i mikroøkonomisk teori og dernæst teste disse mindre spørgsmål med randomiserede eksperimenter ude i den virkelige verden.
From adverse childhood experiences to wellbeing: Portfolios of resilience
Authors: Wekerle Christine
Published: October 2020

Resilience has always been present across human history, as we have contended with the wide array of adversities. Resilience research has gained significantly increasing momentum as a core principle of the trauma-informed approach to service. Resilience research supports not only targeting psychopathology symptom reduction, but also recognizing a portfolio of resilience components to harness in youth interventions. The present discussion considers the innovative research work of Hamby and colleagues (2020) in terms of their portfolio of resilience model and current evidence for a dual-factor model of social support (social support seeking and social support receiving). Social support is a frequent intervention component, particularly in developing help-seeking skills, within youth programming. Their findings support this factorial approach that considers the giving-receiving experience, and how the four categories of Interconnected, Rebuffed, Tended, and Isolated may relate to differing resilience profiles. This research raises important questions for future work in terms of the fit between seeking and receiving that places the youth centrally in this consideration. Youths’ journey from trauma to resilience in a way that validates their portfolio of resilience assets, strengths, and potential is central to a trauma-informed approach to youth well-being, as well as how we negotiate youth rights with our developmental, clinical and health responsibilities.
‘‘A journey back to my wholeness’’: A qualitative metasynthesis on the relational and sexual recovery process of child sexual abuse survivors
Authors: Guyon Roxanne , Fernet Mylène , Godbout Natacha
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study aims to document the relational and sexual recovery process of child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors. Method: Using the framework-based synthesis approach (Dixon-Woods, 2011), a metasynthesis was conducted on qualitative peer-reviewed studies published between 2004 and 2019, focusing on the recovery from relational and sexual outcomes related to CSA experiences. Criteria of inclusion: 1) included self-identified men or women who had sustained sexual abuse in childhood; 2) focused on CSA related relational or sexual outcomes and recovery processes; 3) included a qualitative component incorporating interviews or focus groups; 4) were carried out in Western countries. According to these criteria, a sample of eight articles was constituted. A direct content analysis was performed using The Drive to Move Forward Framework (Ochocka et al., 2005). Results: Findings yielded three main categories that illustrate the relational and sexual recovery process of CSA survivors: 1) The Drive to Move Forward after CSA; 2) Positive Strategies Mobilized to Recover from Relational and Sexual Issues Left by CSA and; 3) Social Circumstances that Facilitate or Hinder the Relational and Sexual Recovery Process. Conclusion: Although their relational and sexual recovery process may involve setbacks, and that they may be confronted with impeding social circumstances, survivors mobilize strategies and social resources to help them move forward after CSA. Implication: In order to help CSA survivors in achieving a satisfying relational and sexual life, providers should adopt a personalized approach that respects their process of relational and sexual recovery and adopt an ecological perspective to better understand the factors that can modulate this process.
Childhood Maltreatment and Risk of Harm to Self and Others: The Role of Sex and Polyvictimization
Authors: Stewart Shannon , Toohey Ashley , Lapshina Natalia
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Research has shown that children who experience abuse and neglect are at much higher risk of experiencing negative outcomes such as physical and mental health problems, social skill deficits, and poor quality of life. The goal of this paper was to examine the relationship between polyvictimization and risk of harm to self and others, taking into account both age and sex differences. Methods: A total of 8980 participants (4156 with maltreatment history) were recruited from over 50 mental health facilities in Ontario, Canada. Group comparisons were completed to examine types of trauma experienced, and risk of harm to self and others. Results: Among our sample, we found that 29% of children and youth had experienced multiple types of interpersonal trauma. We also found that while female children and youth who had experienced trauma were at greater risk of harm to themselves, males were at greater risk of harming others. Further, our results highlight that children and youth who had experienced multiple types of maltreatment, regardless of age or sex, were at the greatest risk of harm to self and others. Implications: Findings from this research highlight that interpersonal trauma is multifaceted and add to existing evidence that there is a cumulative relationship between experiencing multiple types of maltreatment and risk in relation to harming oneself or others. Our findings underscore the importance of a background assessment that takes into account all forms of maltreatment in order to properly understand risk of harm and inform intervention.
All My Relations
Authors: Doucet Melanie
Published: October 2020

Objective: Provincial and territorial legislation across Canada mandates child welfare agencies to release youth from their care at the age of majority. Consequently, youth exiting care tend to have limited support networks, mostly comprised of formal and short-term connections. There is a gap in research examining long-term supportive relationships from the perspectives of youth who have 'aged out' of care. Methods: This PAR photovoice project involved 8 former youth in care ages 19 to 29 in Vancouver, B.C. over the course of 12 weeks, and entailed collaborative thematic analysis of the photographs. The lead researcher executed additional analysis following the data collection phase. Results: Relationships to culture, spirituality and the land were identified as important by racialized and Indigenous youth. Animal companions also emerged as an important non-human connection. Key barriers included a lack of culturally matched foster placements and social workers, gentrification, housing restrictions and a narrow definition of family relationships. Key strengthening factors included supportive community organizations and culturally responsive workers. Conclusion and Implications: Findings highlight the importance of including the relationships that matter to youth in care within child welfare decision-making and planning processes, and a need for systemic investment in long-term nurturing of those relationships. Connections that are outside of the traditional social capital framework for young people in care, such as non-human relationships, also need to be valued. By doing so, youth exiting care have a better chance at accumulating social capital and building a support network they can rely on during their transition to adulthood.
Foreword
Authors: Šteinberga Airisa
Published: October 2020

The fourth issue of the scientific journal prepared by the RTU Research Centre for Engineering History (RCEH) comprises seven studies on Riga Polytechnicum (RP) / Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) students, graduates, lecturers and issues related to engineering sciences. The authors of the scientific publications are Latvian scientists, historians of science, museologists, and pedagogues. The articles are mainly based on the presentations made at the RTU 60th International Scientific Conference on 10 October 2019. The research topics are the activities of RP / RPI students, graduates and lecturers, the history of engineering sciences and associations
Riga Technical University Conference and Sports Centre «Ronīši»
Authors: Gudro Ilze
Published: October 2020

In 1958, when the Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) was renovated, the idea arose to create a sports and recreation camps, as well as a health camps for students, where after sessions they could relax and compete in various sports. RPI was one of the first Latvian higher education institutions to establish such bases. For the first time, the article summarizes and describes the development of the Riga Technical University (RTU) Conference and Sports centre «Ronīši» from the 1960s to the present day.
Chronology of Key Events of Riga Technical University in Study Year 2019/2020
Authors: Gudro Ilze , Lapsa Rūta , Zigmunde Alīda
Published: October 2020

In study year 2019/2020
Capabilities of biographical approach in historical-pedagogical examination of the heritage of white émigré
Authors: Vishlenkova Svetlana Gennad'evna , Marinichenko Alla Ivanovna
Published: October 2020

This article is dedicated to the analysis of specificity of using biographical approach in studying the heritage of such prominent representatives of white émigré of the XX century as P. M. Bitsilli, N. A. Hans and S. I. Gessen. The subject of this research is the possibility of using biographical approach in the process of examination of pedagogical thought and education of the white émigré. In the course of analysis of works of the recent years, the authors trace the efficiency of such approach in historical-pedagogical research. The object of this article is the books devoted to as P. M. Bitsilli, N. A. Hans and S. I. Gessen that were published in 2018 – 2000s and represent biographical or theoretical research with a strong biographical component. Leaning on the principles of Interdisciplinarity and complex analysis of scientific and historical-educational process, the biographical method is recognized as fundamental for studying educational space of the white émigré and pedagogical heritage of its representatives. The presented overview of publications allows getting a new perspective on scientific potential of biographical approach personalization of pedagogical history of white émigré, and charting the course for further examination of this phenomenon.
Peculiarities of organization of educational environmental geocaching for the students of public schools
Authors: Sadykova Elza Failevna , Miryugina Tat'yana Andreevna
Published: October 2020

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of organization of educational environmental geocaching for the public school students. Current a relevant trend in development of modern education is the model of open, informal education. Educational geocaching is one of the forms of organization of work with the students of informal education. Special attention is given to achievement of goals of environmental education using the activity approach. The authors believe that the students’ knowledge of environmental situation should be obtained through their involvement and nonstandard forms of interaction. As an example, the article explores the experience of elaboration and implementation of the city project “Environmental Geocaching” for the students of Tobolsk public schools. The author reviews the key stages of the game: purpose, form, brief content of training the planners and participants, examples of tasks on the example of ecological station, etc. It is believed that in the course of such events, the students learn to value the environment and its preservationt; direct participation of students at all stages of the game is a strong motivator for cognitive activity, which prompts the solutions for developmental and pedagogical tasks of environmental education. The provided methodical recommendations can be applied by the teachers in elaboration of materials for such events.
Induction of the transformation rules of the natural language problem statement into a semantic model for generating solver
Authors: Pekunov Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: October 2020

The author considers a problem of automatic synthesis (induction) of the rules for transforming the natural language formulation of the problem into a semantic model of the problem. According to this model a program that solves this problem can be generated. The  problem is considered in relation to the system of generation, recognition and transformation of programs PGEN ++. Based on the analysis of literary sources, a combined approach was chosen to solve this problem, within which the rules for transforming the natural language formulation into a semantic model of the problem are generated automatically, and the specifications of the generating classes and the rules for generating a program from the model are written manually by a specialist in a specific subject area. Within the framework of object-event models, for the first time, a mechanism for the automatic generation of recognizing scripts and related entities (CSV tables, XPath functions) was proposed. Generation is based on the analysis of the training sample, which includes sentences describing objects in the subject area, in combination with instances of such objects. The analysis is performed by searching for unique keywords and characteristic grammatical relationships, followed by the application of simple eliminative-inducing schemes. A mechanism for the automatic generation of rules for replenishing / completing the primary recognized models to full meaning ones is also proposed. Such generation is performed by analyzing the relations between the objects of the training sample, taking into account information from the specifications of the classes of the subject area. The proposed schemes have been tested on the subject area "Simple vector data processing", the successful transformation of natural language statements (both included in the training set and modified) into semantic models with the subsequent generation of programs solving the assigned tasks is shown.
FORMATION OF THE READINESS TO MAKE RESPONSIBLE DECISIONS IN A SPECIAL PROFESSIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF A SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Paliy L.V.
Published: October 2020

The problem of creating pedagogical conditions to realize the process model of forming state level positive professional responsibility of future lawyers for public service is discussed. The concepts of “pedagogical conditions” and “professional education environment” have been theoretically analyzed. A pedagogical condition of forming state level positive professional responsibility of future lawyers for public service is characterized in detail. It is noted, that special higher school professional education environment is very important to implement this pedagogical condition. An experience of forming personal readiness for making responsible decisions in a special professional education environment at a specialized higher school, particularly Chelyabinsk branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, that was the research testing site, is described.
Mutations primarily alter the inclusion of alternatively spliced exons
Authors: Baeza-Centurion Pablo , Miñana Belén , Valcárcel Juan , Lehner Ben
Published: October 2020

Genetic analyses and systematic mutagenesis have revealed that synonymous, non-synonymous and intronic mutations frequently alter the inclusion levels of alternatively spliced exons, consistent with the concept that altered splicing might be a common mechanism by which mutations cause disease. However, most exons expressed in any cell are highly-included in mature mRNAs. Here, by performing deep mutagenesis of highly-included exons and by analysing the association between genome sequence variation and exon inclusion across the transcriptome, we report that mutations only very rarely alter the inclusion of highly-included exons. This is true for both exonic and intronic mutations as well as for perturbations in trans. Therefore, mutations that affect splicing are not evenly distributed across primary transcripts but are focussed in and around alternatively spliced exons with intermediate inclusion levels. These results provide a resource for prioritising synonymous and other variants as disease-causing mutations.