bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeding ecology of the endangered Himalayan Gray Langur Semnopithecus ajax in Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Thakur Rupali , Yardi Kranti , Ahuja Mr. P Vishal
Published: October 2022

This study on the feeding ecology of Himalayan Gray Langur or the Chamba Sacred Langur Semnopithecus ajax is a crucial baseline step as very little is known about this species due to its long taxonomic uncertainty and limited distribution range. This study was done in Kalatop-Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh using scan sampling method. A total of 71 scan samples were collected in the study area from September 2020 to November 2020 focusing on the autumn diet of the species. Group size, group composition, and distribution of the langurs were also recorded. Totally, 20 species of plants belonging to 15 different botanical families were recorded which contribute to the diet. Hedera nepalensis, Quercus oblongata, and Ilex dipyrena formed the major components of the diet. The langurs consumed a substantial portion of leaves (84.32%), followed by fruits and flowers. Mature leaves being a part of the diet of langurs has proven the broaden repertoires of langurs inhabiting the Himalayan landscape. Also, a difference in the diet composition of two study groups was recorded which might be the result of varying distribution with respect to elevation.
Chronic E-Cigarette Use Impairs Endothelial Function on the Physiological and Cellular Levels
Authors: Mohammadi Leila , Han Daniel D. , Xu Fengyun , Huang Abel , Derakhshandeh Ronak , Rao Poonam , Whitlatch Adam , Cheng Jing , Keith Rachel J. , Hamburg Naomi M. , Ganz Peter , Hellman Judith , Schick Suzaynn F. , Springer Matthew L.
Published: October 2022

Background:

The harmful vascular effects of smoking are well established, but the effects of chronic use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on endothelial function are less understood. We hypothesized that e-cigarette use causes changes in blood milieu that impair endothelial function.

Methods:

Endothelial function was measured in chronic e-cigarette users, chronic cigarette smokers, and nonusers. We measured effects of participants’ sera, or e-cigarette aerosol condensate, on NO and H
2
O
2
release and cell permeability in cultured endothelial cells (ECs).

Results:

E-cigarette users and smokers had lower flow-mediated dilation (FMD) than nonusers. Sera from e-cigarette users and smokers reduced VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-induced NO secretion by ECs relative to nonuser sera, without significant reduction in endothelial NO synthase mRNA or protein levels. E-cigarette user sera caused increased endothelial release of H
2
O
2
, and more permeability than nonuser sera. E-cigarette users and smokers exhibited changes in circulating biomarkers of inflammation, thrombosis, and cell adhesion relative to nonusers, but with distinct profiles. E-cigarette user sera had higher concentrations of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) ligands S100A8 and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) than smoker and nonuser sera, and receptor for advanced glycation end product inhibition reduced permeability induced by e-cigarette user sera but did not affect NO production.

Conclusions:

Chronic vaping and smoking both impair FMD and cause changes in the blood that inhibit endothelial NO release. Vaping, but not smoking, causes changes in the blood that increase microvascular endothelial permeability and may have a vaping-specific effect on intracellular oxidative state. Our results suggest a role for RAGE in e-cigarette-induced changes in endothelial function.
Length of Anticoagulation in Provoked Venous Thromboembolism: A Multicenter Study of How Real‐World Practice Mirrors Guideline Recommendations
Authors: Joyce Elizabeth , Haymart Brian , Kong Xiaowen , Ali Mona A. , Carrigan Mara , Kaatz Scott , Shah Vinay , Kline‐Rogers Eva , Kozlowski Jay , Froehlich James B. , Barnes Geoffrey D.
Published: October 2022

Background

For more than a decade, guidelines have recommended a limited 3 months of anticoagulation for the treatment of provoked venous thromboembolism (VTE). How closely real‐world practice follows guideline recommendations is not well described.

Methods and Results

In our multicenter, retrospective cohort study, we evaluated trends in anticoagulation duration for patients enrolled in the MAQI
2
(Michigan Anticoagulation Quality Improvement Initiative) registry who were receiving anticoagulation for a provoked VTE. The MAQI
2
registry comprises 6 centers in Michigan that manage patients' long‐term anticoagulation. We identified 474 patients on warfarin and 302 patients on direct oral anticoagulants who were receiving anticoagulation for a primary indication of provoked VTE between 2008 and 2020. Using a predefined threshold of 120 days (3 months plus a buffer period), predictors of extended anticoagulant use were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Most patients received >120 days of anticoagulation, regardless of which medication was used. The median (25th–75th percentile) length of treatment for patients taking warfarin was 142 (91–234) days and for direct oral anticoagulants was 180 (101–360) days. Recurrent VTE (odds ratio [OR], 2.75 [95% CI, 1.67–4.53]), history of myocardial infarction (OR, 3.92 [95% CI, 1.32–11.7]), and direct oral anticoagulant rather than warfarin use (OR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.59–3.08]) were independently associated with prolonged anticoagulation.

Conclusions

In our cohort of patients with provoked VTE, most patients received anticoagulation for longer than the guideline‐recommended 3 months. This demonstrates a potential opportunity to improve care delivery and reduce anticoagulant‐associated bleeding risk.
Early Midlife Cardiovascular Health Influences Future HDL Metrics in Women: The SWAN HDL Study
Authors: Nasr Alexis , Matthews Karen A. , Brooks Maria M. , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma , Orchard Trevor , Billheimer Jeff , Wang Norman C. , McConnell Dan , Rader Daniel J. , El Khoudary Samar R.
Published: October 2022

Background

Utility of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in assessing the antiatherogenic properties of HDL may be limited in midlife women. Novel metrics of HDL function, lipid contents, and subclasses may better reflect the atheroprotective capacities of HDL, supporting the need to evaluate how cardiovascular health affects these metrics in women. We assessed the relationship of early midlife Life's Simple 7 (LS7) score and its health behavior components with future HDL function (HDL–cholesterol efflux capacity), HDL‐phospholipid, HDL‐triglyceride, HDL particles (HDL‐P) and size, and the relationship between LS7 score and changes in HDL metrics over time.

Methods and Results

We analyzed 529 women (baseline age: 46.4 [2.6] years, 57% White) from the SWAN HDL (Study of Women's Health Across the Nation HDL) study who had baseline LS7 followed by future repeated HDL metrics. Multivariable linear mixed models were used. Higher LS7 score was associated with favorable future HDL profile (higher HDL‐phospholipid, total HDL‐P and large HDL‐P, lower HDL‐triglyceride, and larger overall HDL size). Ideal body mass index was associated with higher HDL–cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL‐phospholipid, and large HDL‐P, lower HDL‐triglyceride and small HDL‐P, and larger overall HDL size. Ideal physical activity was associated with higher HDL‐phospholipid, and total, large, and medium HDL‐P. Ideal smoking was associated with less HDL‐triglycerides. Diet was not related to HDL metrics. Higher LS7 score and ideal body mass index were associated with slower progression of HDL size over time.

Conclusions

Novel HDL metrics may better reflect the clinical utility of HDL. Improving lifestyle at midlife, particularly maintaining ideal body mass index, is associated with better future HDL phenotype.
Circulating Androgen Concentrations and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Older Men: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Njoroge Joyce N. , Tressel William , Biggs Mary L. , Matsumoto Alvin M. , Smith Nicholas L. , Rosenberg Emily , Hirsch Calvin H. , Gottdiener John S. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Kizer Jorge R.
Published: October 2022

Background

Circulating androgen concentrations in men decline with age and have been linked to diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). A similar relationship has been reported for low total testosterone and incident heart failure (HF) but remains unstudied for free testosterone or the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). We hypothesized that total/free testosterone are inversely related, sex hormone–binding globulin is positively related, and total/free DHT bear a U‐shaped relationship with incident HF.

Methods and Results

In a sample of men from the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or HF, serum testosterone and DHT concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and sex hormone–binding globulin by immunoassay. Free testosterone or DHT was calculated from total testosterone or total DHT, sex hormone–binding globulin, and albumin. We used Cox regression to estimate relative risks of HF after adjustment for potential confounders. In 1061 men (aged 76±5 years) followed for a median of 9.6 years, there were 368 HF events. After adjustment, lower calculated free testosterone was significantly associated with higher risk of HF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01–1.28]). Risk estimates for total testosterone (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.99–1.26]), total DHT (HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.97–1.24]), calculated free dihydrotestosterone (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.97–1.23]), and sex hormone–binding globulin (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.95–1.21]) were directionally similar but not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Calculated free testosterone was inversely associated with incident HF, suggesting a contribution of testosterone deficiency to HF incidence among older men. Additional research is necessary to determine whether testosterone replacement therapy might be an effective strategy to lower HF risk in older men.
Skeletal morphology and fluctuating asymmetry of the European green toad, Bufotes viridis, in contrasting habitats
Authors: Vargová Viktória , Balogová Monika , Figurová Mária , Bočkay Andrej , Pipová Natália , Kaňuch Peter , Uhrin Marcel
Published: October 2022

Current environment changes and global amphibian decline suggest specific responses assuming urbanisation potential of the species. Amphibians are generally considered to be suitable bio-indicators of environmental health due to their ecological requirements. Therefore, fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of small random deviations from bilateral symmetry is used for assessing morphological disruptions and parallelly the environment health. We measured the snout-vent length and lengths of five skeletal traits of limbs (humerus, radioulna, femur, tibiofibula, calcaneus) among the five European green toad populations from two contrasting habitats (urban and rural). We did not confirm our hypothesis that urban populations would exhibit higher level of FA as an indicator of higher environmental stress comparing to rural populations. However, asymmetry measured on forelimb bones was significantly larger than on hindlimbs. In addition, one urban population had significantly longer limbs comparing to the other sites.
Self, World, and God in Michel Henry and Dumitru Stăniloae
Authors: Nemes Steven
Published: October 2022

Christianity proposes that God can be accessed both in the subjectivity of the human self and in the World. This admittedly strange idea can be understood by drawing certain insights from Michel Henry and Dumitru Stăniloae. For Henry, the connection between God and the human self in subjectivity is understood as the generation of the human as a living self in the absolute Life which is God. For Stăniloae, the connection between God and the World is understood through the interpretation of the cosmos as an intelligible medium by which the dialog between God and the human being takes place. These two thinkers have certain lacunae, but their proposals can be fruitfully combined through the supposition that the World is the “body” of God, i.e. His inner life as seen from the outside.
Methodological Atheism Considered
Authors: DeLay Steven
Published: October 2022

Thirty years after the publication of Dominique Janicaud’s criticism of what he termed the “theological turn” of phenomenology in France, what is the state of the debate? This paper addresses that question, by examining the phenomenology of revelation in Marion, Lacoste, and others, in turn replying to various arguments that have been advanced against the theological turn and on behalf of methodological atheism. Not only is revelation a viable topic of phenomenological analysis, the attempts to formulate a methodologically atheist phenomenology fail.
Fantastic Fountains and Where to Find Them: A Re-examination of the Textual and Material Evidence on Liquid Architecture from the Medieval Islamicate World
Authors: Broilo Federica A.
Published: October 2022

Tracking the circulation and exchange of ideas, models, and technology in the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages allows for easier comparison between cultural systems, and although different, were not kept in sealed boxes. This is undoubtedly the case with zoomorphic fountains in Byzantium and the Islamicate Mediterranean. Much has been written on the history of fountains from varying perspectives, resulting in literature that is comprehensive and diverse. However, this contribution uniquely employs sources never used before, including poetry, tales from The Arabian Nights, and other fantastic literature, to understand better fountains and their zoomorphic fountainheads, and present a fresh perspective on the subject.
NEW SKELETON-LESS HOMOSCLEROMORPHS (PORIFERA, HOMOSCLEROMORPHA) FROM THE CARIBBEAN SEA: EXCEPTIONS TO RULES ARE DEFINITELY COMMON IN SPONGE TAXONOMY
Authors: RUIZ CESAR , ERESKOVSKY ALEXANDER , PEREZ THIERRY
Published: October 2022

Currently composed of only one order and two families, the class Homoscleromorpha has undergone significant changes in its systematics over the past 20 years. We combined morphological, cytological and molecular (CO1) data to describe three new aspiculate Homoscleromorpha, two Plakinidae and one Oscarellidae. These three sponges live in the dark submarine caves of the Lesser Antilles (Caribbean Sea). Aspiculortis gen. nov. is part of a clade including spiculate Plakortis species. Aspiculortis garifuna gen. nov. sp. nov. is characterized by an original pseudo criblate smooth surface, with a network of translucent canals ending in prominent oscula, and by one type of vacuolar cell concentrated in the ectosome. Aspiculophora papillata sp. nov. is characterized by a papillate surface, a morphological trait that is recorded for the first time among Homoscleromorpha, and one abundant type of vacuolar cell randomly distributed in the mesohyl. Oscarella minka sp. nov. is characterized by a smooth surface and two types of vacuolar cells, one principally found in the ectosome, and a second type which is randomly distributed and which harbors original inclusions. These three new Homoscleromorpha present an abundant microbial community in their mesohyl. After this work, the skeleton-less representatives of this sponge class include four species of Plakinidae belonging to three different genera, and all Oscarellidae described so far. The putative absence of skeleton underlines the need of more cytological descriptions of Plakinidae representatives.
A new species of Afrodiaphanes Geisthardt, 2007 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae), the first firefly described from the Central African Republic
Authors: FANTI FABRIZIO , PANKOWSKI MAXIMILIAN G.
Published: October 2022

A new species of firefly, Afrodiaphanes pulcher sp. nov., is described, diagnosed and illustrated. This is the first species of Afrodiaphanes described from the Central African Republic as well as the first firefly described from this nation.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Evaluate Public Comprehension of the “Cone of Uncertainty” Graphic
Authors: Evans Scotney D. , Broad Kenneth , Cairo Alberto , Majumdar Sharanya J. , McNoldy Brian D. , Millet Barbara , Rauk Leigh
Published: October 2022

The accurate interpretation of hurricane risk graphics is expected to benefit public decision-making. To investigate public interpretation and suggest improvements to graphical designs, an interdisciplinary, mixed-methods approach is being undertaken. Drawing on a series of focus groups with Miami residents that focused on understanding interpretations of the National Hurricane Center’s (NHC) track forecast cone or “Cone of Uncertainty,” we developed an online survey targeting a much larger sample of Florida residents (n = 2,847). The findings from this survey are the primary focus of this short article. We attempt to answer three questions: 1) What are the most frequent and trusted sources of information that Florida residents use when they learn that a hurricane is coming their way? 2) How accurately are Florida residents able to interpret risk based on the NHC Cone of Uncertainty graphic? 3) What is the relationship, if any, between the number of correct interpretations and income, age, education, housing location, housing type, or “most trusted” sources of information? Unlike previous public surveys that focused more on evacuation decisions, forecast usage, and perception of hurricane risk, our approach specifically pays attention to the details of design elements of the forecast graphics with the long-term goal of minimizing misinterpretation of future graphics. Our analysis suggests that many residents have difficulty interpreting several aspects, suggesting a rethink on how to graphically communicate aspects such as uncertainty, the size of the storm, areas of likely damage, watches and warnings, and wind intensity categories. Graphical communication strategies need to be revised to better support the different ways in which people understand forecast products, and these strategies should be tested for validity in real world settings.
Causes of the Extreme Drought in Late Summer–Autumn 2019 in Eastern China and Its Future Risk
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Yuqing , Ge Zi-An , Lu Bo , Wang Lu , Wei Xiaojun , Sun Ming , Wang Ziyue , Li Tim , Luo Jing-Jia
Published: October 2022

Eastern China (EC) suffered an extreme drought with long-lasting duration and record-breaking intensity in late summer–autumn 2019. Our diagnosed results show that the central Pacific (CP) El Niño, in tandem with warm sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region, induces the meridionally elongated cyclonic circulation anomalies stretching from the western North Pacific (WNP) to the Yellow Sea. Its western flank corresponds to overwhelming low-level northerly wind anomalies over EC, which result in deficient moisture and anomalous descent over EC and hence cause the extreme drought in 2019. To investigate the relative contributions of SSTAs over different regions, we performed sensitivity experiments, and analyzed the relationship between extreme drought like what occurred in 2019 (a 2019Drought-like event) and the SSTAs in CMIP6 historical simulations. Modeling evidences reveal that both warm SSTAs over the central equatorial Pacific and the KE region are indispensable for shaping the meridionally elongated cyclone anomaly. Specifically, the cyclone anomaly over the WNP induced by CP El Niño aligns with the cyclone anomaly over the Yellow Sea induced by the warm SSTAs over the KE region, merging into a meridionally stretched cyclone anomaly to the east of EC. Consequently, the northerly anomalies stretch across EC, leading to unfavorable atmospheric conditions and the rainfall deficit there. Projection results show that the occurrence probability of a 2019Drought-like event will increase by 20% (decrease by 40%–50%) under a high (medium-low) emission scenario compared to present-day climate, indicating the nonlinear response of extreme drought to different emission scenarios and the urgency of carbon emission reduction.

Significance Statement

An extreme drought hit the Eastern China (EC) region in 2019 and caused tremendous losses. This study proposed that both the 2019 CP El Niño and the warm SST anomalies over the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region induce the meridionally elongated circulation anomalies and the resultant extreme drought. We showed that the typical circulation anomalies induced by central Pacific (CP) El Niño cannot totally explain the meridionally elongated circulation anomalies in 2019. Our modeling evidences confirmed the indispensable role of warm SST anomalies over KE region in the 2019 extreme drought’s formation. The projection results show that extreme drought like that in 2019 will occur more (less) frequently under a high (medium-low) emission scenario compared to modern-day level, indicating the urgency of carbon emission reduction.
To the Origin of a Wintertime Screen-Level Temperature Bias at High Altitude in a Kilometric NWP Model
Authors: Gouttevin Isabelle , Vionnet Vincent , Seity Yann , Boone Aaron , Lafaysse Matthieu , Deliot Yannick , Merzisen Hugo
Published: October 2022

High-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems present a strong potential to provide meteorological information in alpine terrain for diverse applications. However, they still suffer from biases highly detrimental for practical purposes. In this study, we investigate the origin of a significant wintertime screen-level temperature bias in forecasts of the AROME-France NWP system in high-altitude, snow-covered alpine terrain. For this purpose, a thorough set of meteorological and snow observations from two high-altitude instrumental sites is used. Targeted numerical simulations are carried out to disentangle the contributions to this bias coming from atmospheric fields, from the snow scheme, and from the coupling between the snowpack and the atmosphere. At both sites, the wind speed and incoming longwave radiation appear significantly negatively biased in AROME in the winter season. Using targeted offline simulations, we show that the simulation errors in these screen-level fields contribute to an average of 67% of the screen-level temperature bias of AROME, while the contribution of errors in the incoming shortwave radiation is negligible. Additionally, the screen-level temperature of AROME is not majorly impacted by changes in the complexity and especially the vertical layering of the snow model. However, it appears particularly sensitive to the parameterization of turbulent fluxes in stable conditions. Evidence suggest that these findings could at least partially be generalized to the whole AROME-France alpine domain. Hence, reducing the high-altitude, winter screen-level temperature bias in AROME may in great part proceed from improving the simulation of atmospheric fields and eliminating some bias compensations in the model.
Reabsorption of Lee-Wave Energy in Bottom-Intensified Currents
Authors: Wu Yue , Kunze Eric , Tandon Amit , Mahadevan Amala
Published: October 2022

While lee-wave generation has been argued to be a major sink for the 1-TW wind work on the ocean’s circulation, microstructure measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Currents find dissipation rates as much as an order of magnitude weaker than linear lee-wave generation predictions in bottom-intensified currents. Wave action conservation suggests that a substantial fraction of lee-wave radiation can be reabsorbed into bottom-intensified flows. Numerical simulations are conducted here to investigate generation, reabsorption, and dissipation of internal lee waves in a bottom-intensified, laterally confined jet that resembles a localized abyssal current over bottom topography. For the case of monochromatic topography with |kU0| ≈ 0.9N, where k is the along-stream topographic wavenumber, |U0| is the near-bottom flow speed, and N is the buoyancy frequency; Reynolds-decomposed energy conservation is consistent with linear wave action conservation predictions that only 14% of lee-wave generation is dissipated, with the bulk of lee-wave energy flux reabsorbed by the bottom-intensified flow. Thus, water column reabsorption needs to be taken into account as a possible mechanism for reducing the lee-wave dissipative sink for balanced circulation.
A Microphysics-Scheme-Consistent Snow Optical Parameterization for the Community Radiative Transfer Model
Authors: Ren Tong , Yang Ping , Garrett Kevin , Ma Yingtao , Ding Jiachen , Coy James
Published: October 2022

The satellite observational data assimilation community requires consistent hydrometer descriptions—including mass–size relation and particle size distribution—to be used in both the forecast model and observation operator. We develop a microphysics-scheme-consistent snow and graupel single-scattering property database to meet this requirement. In this database, snowflakes are modeled as a mixture of small column and large aggregated ice particles, the mixing ratios of which may be adjusted to satisfy a given mass–size relation. Snow single-scattering properties are computed for four different mass–size relations. Subsequently, the snow description in the Thompson microphysics scheme is used as an example to demonstrate how microphysics-scheme-consistent snow bulk optical properties are derived. The Thompson-scheme-consistent snow bulk optical properties are added to the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), version 2.4.0. With CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) snow and liquid precipitation retrievals as the inputs, CRTM simulations are performed over global oceans and compared with four collocated Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) high-frequency channel observations. The CRTM simulated brightness temperatures show agreement with the GMI observed brightness temperatures in cases of light-to-moderate precipitation over extratropical and polar ice-free oceans, with root-mean-square errors of 4.3, 13.0, 1.8, and 3.3 K in the 166-GHz (vertical polarization), 166-GHz (horizontal polarization), 183 ± 3-GHz (vertical polarization), and 183 ± 7-GHz (vertical polarization) channels, respectively. The result demonstrates the potential of using the newly developed microphysics-scheme-consistent snow optical parameterization in data assimilation applications.
Online Conspiracy Groups: Micro-Bloggers, Bots, and Coronavirus Conspiracy Talk on Twitter
Authors: Greve Henrich R. , Rao Hayagreeva , Vicinanza Paul , Zhou Echo Yan
Published: October 2022

Conspiracies are consequential and social, yet online conspiracy groups that consist of individuals (and bots) seeking to explain events or a system have been neglected in sociology. We extract conspiracy talk about the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter and use the biterm topic model (BTM) to provide a descriptive baseline for the discursive and social structure of online conspiracy groups. We find that individuals enter these communities through a gateway conspiracy theory before proceeding to extreme theories, and humans adopt more diverse conspiracy theories than do bots. Event-history analyses show that individuals tweet new conspiracy theories, and tweet inconsistent theories simultaneously, when they face a threat posed by a rising COVID-19 case rate and receive attention from others via retweets. By contrast, bots are less responsive to rising case rates, but they are more consistent, as they mainly tweet about how COVID-19 was deliberately created by sinister agents. These findings suggest human beings are bricoleurs who use conspiracy theories to make sense of COVID-19, whereas bots are designed to create moral panic. Our findings suggest that conspiracy talk by individuals is defensive in nature, whereas bots engage in offense.
Time Demands and Emotionally Draining Situations Amid Work Intensification of School Principals
Authors: Wang Fei , Pollock Katina , Hauseman Cameron
Published: October 2022

Emotion is central to principals’ daily operation of schools. As principals’ work is intensifying, principals are increasingly encountering emotionally charged situations on a daily basis. This article uses data from a large provincial survey to explore what time demand factors contribute to these emotionally draining situations that principals are experiencing in the context of work intensification. An ordinal logit regression that is commonly employed for the analysis of ordinal categorical data was used for data analysis. The findings reveal that the time demands, such as the fast work pace, long work hours and lack of time, all work in concert to increase the likelihood of emotionally draining situations among school principals. As principals try to manage emotional situations, these contributing factors are far beyond their control. The unmanageable time demands can leave principals feeling frustrated and vulnerable and evoke negative emotions that adversely impact their own well-being as well as their schools.
Il disaccordo tra commentatori sulle pagine Facebook dei politici: indicatori tecnici e linguistici della reattività
Authors: Pecorari Filippo
Published: October 2022

L’articolo indaga le forme del disaccordo nei commenti alle pagine Facebook di quattro politici svizzeri di lingua italiana, concentrandosi sugli indicatori della reattività verso uno o più turni precedenti. Il contesto comunicativo in esame impone di operare una distinzione preliminare, fondata sulla selezione di un target singolare o plurale per la mossa di disaccordo. Le due opzioni manifestano diversi intrecci tra l’uso di indicatori tecnici largamente mediospecifici, come la menzione e il formato grafico del testo, e l’uso di indicatori linguistici di carattere più generico, come nomi propri e pronomi allocutivi. Il disaccordo rivolto verso un target singolare si rivela nettamente più frequente e in gran parte determinato dalla facilità di accesso all’opzione “Rispondi”, che consente all’utente di costruire in maniera immediata un legame dialogico con un precedente turno conversazionale. Il disaccordo verso un target plurale, molto più raro, dipende dall’uso di specifici indicatori linguistici di pluralità, che producono un riassestamento del participation framework disegnato dall’interfaccia di Facebook. Nel complesso, l’analisi conferma la necessità – ormai riconosciuta dalla maggior parte degli studi – di andare oltre una valutazione onnicomprensiva della lingua del web, e di restringere il fuoco su singoli ambienti comunicativi della rete con attenzione alle loro specificità.
Contending claims and uses of land: Unpacking the trajectory of a mortgage in Thane
Authors: Sangameswaran Priya
Published: October 2022

This article deals with a case of land that was mortgaged against a loan given by the Gwalior Durbar to a businessman in Bombay in 1925. The said land in Thane subsequently has had a wide range of claimants and uses. The mortgage case is linked to a variety of processes such as the decline in the textile industry in Bombay in the 1920s, federal financial integration in the late 1940s, the trajectory of post-independence industrialisation in cities such as Thane located near larger metropolises, and the character of urban property rights. On the basis of a discussion of the case, the article makes three kinds of arguments. One, it contrasts the implications of acquisition versus leasing of the mortgaged land and shows how acquisition has been used to ensure clear titles. Two, it brings out the varied ways in which urban land can be claimed and accessed and the factors that enable this. Three, the actual trajectory of use of the mortgaged land by two industries is examined to show how even lessees/sub-lessees of land subject to uncertainties can use the land (and select rights over it) for different purposes. Overall, the article contributes to an understanding of the working of property rights as they have evolved to fit new contexts of industrialisation and urbanisation.
Last Honors and Life Experiences of Bereaved Families in the Context of COVID-19 in Kashmir: A Qualitative Inquiry About Exclusion, Family Trauma, and Other Issues
Authors: Khan Tanveer Ahmad , Mohsin Abdul , Din Sumiya , Qayum Shaista , Farooqi Irfanullah
Published: October 2022

This study examined the changing character of the last honours of those who died of COVID-19 in Kashmir and the life experiences of the families of the deceased. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect information from 21 participants. Using qualitative data analysis approaches, five key themes were identified vis-à-vis the impact of COVID-19 on burial rituals and customs; effects on bereaved families, shades of grief, bereavement care, community response, and coping with loss. Based on examining the pandemic-induced changes related to customs and rituals around death, the study found that the bereaved family members were in danger of marginalization, economic burdens, psychological traumas, and overall reduced quality of life. This study would be a credible addition to the existing literature on death practices as there is a shortage of research on funeral rituals during the post-pandemic period in Kashmir.
Abeyance agreements: Evading Accountability for disciplinary actions?
Authors: Perrodin David P.
Published: October 2022

Schools across the United States use abeyance agreements as an alternative to suspension or expulsion, yet little is known about them. These agreements allow students to avoid or reduce suspensions or expulsions, if they meet the terms of the agreement and waive certain due process rights. David Perrodin argues that these agreements enable school districts to circumvent requirements to report disciplinary data, a requirement intended to ensure schools’ disciplinary practices are fair and nondiscriminatory. These agreements appear to give students on the brink of suspension a second chance, but the terms are sometimes difficult to follow, and once the terms are broken, students may be subject to suspension without due process. They also bring disciplinary investigations to a quick close, sometimes without a clear understanding of the root causes of the misbehavior. And the lack of data about abeyance agreements means that authorities lose information that is useful in identifying potential safety threats or uncovering schools’ violations of students’ rights. Perrodin argues for the elimination of abeyance agreements for school discipline or for more standardized processes that can be tracked and that do not interfere with students’ rights.
Backtalk: Corrupting our youth?
Authors: Archambault Mary
Published: October 2022

Mary Archambault, a 7th-grade language arts teacher and reading specialist describes navigating community concern about the books in her classroom. She has been accused of turning students gay or transgender by forcing them to read and discuss books about gay and transgender youth. She describes why she makes books about students of various backgrounds and identities available to her students and why she is concerned about the accusations she and other teachers across the country are facing about the books offered to students.
Recent advances in arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI in patients with vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Huang Dan , Guo Yunlu , Guan Xiaoyu , Pan Lijun , Zhu Ziyu , Chen Zeng’ai , Dijkhuizen Rick M , Duering Marco , Yu Fang , Boltze Johannes , Li Peiying
Published: October 2022

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a major health concern in aging populations. It impairs patients’ independent life and may progress to dementia. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses all cerebrovascular pathologies that contribute to cognitive impairment (CI). Moreover, the majority of CI subtypes involve various aspects of vascular dysfunction. Recent research highlights the critical role of reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the progress of VCI, and the detection of altered CBF may help to detect or even predict the onset of VCI. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a non-invasive, non-ionizing perfusion MRI technique for assessing CBF qualitatively and quantitatively. Recent methodological advances enabling improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and data acquisition have led to an increase in the use of ASL to assess CBF in VCI patients. Combined with other imaging modalities and biomarkers, ASL has great potential for identifying early VCI and guiding prediction and prevention strategies. This review focuses on recent advances in ASL-based perfusion MRI for identifying patients at high risk of VCI.
The International in Turkish Islamist Thought
Authors: Yıldız Tunahan , Çitak Zana
Published: October 2022

This study examines Islamist understanding of change in the international system by inquiring into the conception of the international in Turkish Islamist tradition. It relies on a discourse analysis of Islamist journals’ entire corpus in Turkey from the 1940s to the 2010s. Its founding premise is that the Islamist prescription of change in the international system revolves around the notion of Pan-Islamism. This study first builds on an examination of the five ideological grounds of Pan-Islamism: dogmatic, historical, conjunctural, pragmatic/practical, and emancipatory. It further discusses the embodiment of Pan-Islamism at its two ends: pluralist/thin and monist/thick visions of Pan-Islamism. The analysis brings forth four main findings: First, notwithstanding its persistent claims to authenticity, the Pan-Islamist proposal is a synthetic conception of the international, combining authentic concepts, e.g. the umma, with such conventional concepts as balance of power, understood primarily in terms of alliances and blocs. Second, it does not purport to a significant questioning of the ordering principles of international relations, notably sovereignty and territoriality. Third, the Pan-Islamist proposal is, for the most part, power- and hegemony-oriented, amid its overinflated normative baggage and self-proclaimed anti-imperialism. Fourth, it mainly offers a change in the international rather than a change of the international, therefore discrediting any emancipatory potential it has claimed.
Directional porous polyimide/polyethylene glycol composite aerogel with enhanced CO2 uptake performance
Authors: Nie Yihao , Yi Xibin , Zhao Xinfu , Yu Shimo , Zhang Jing , Liu Xiaochan , Liu Sijia , Yuan Zhipeng , Zhang Minna
Published: October 2022

The cost of CO2 separation and energy consumption can be decreased through the use of CO2 adsorption. Due to the electron-rich heteroatoms in its network, polyimide (PI) has a remarkable affinity for CO2. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can increase the layer spacing of polymers, so as to change the mass transfer of CO2 in it. Furthermore, the ether bond (-O-) in PEG has good affinity for CO2. In this study, PEG-1000 was introduced into PI aerogel by mild sol-gel method at low temperature, and freeze-drying was used to produce PI/PEG composite aerogels with directional pore structure. The effect of PEG-1000 content and directional pore structure of the PI/PEG composite aerogels on CO2 adsorption performance were further studied. The L-PI/PEG-4 composite aerogel, which contains 4  g PEG and is directionally frozen in liquid nitrogen, has a CO2 adsorption capacity of 16.76 cm3/g at 25°C and 1 bar. L-PI/PEG-4 aerogel also exhibits high CO2/N2 selectivity and adsorption cycle stability.
Choice Boosts Curiosity
Authors: Romero Verdugo Patricia , van Lieshout Lieke L. F. , de Lange Floris P. , Cools Roshan
Published: October 2022

In our connected era, we spend significant time and effort satisfying our curiosity. Often, we choose which information we seek, but sometimes the selection is made for us. We hypothesized that humans exhibit enhanced curiosity in the context of choice. We designed a task in which healthy participants saw two lotteries on each trial. On some trials, participants chose which lottery to play. On other trials, the lottery was selected for them. Participants then indicated their curiosity about the outcome of the to-be-played lottery via self-report ratings (Experiment 1, N = 34) or willingness-to-wait decisions (Experiment 2, N = 34). We found that participants exhibited higher curiosity ratings and greater willingness to wait for the outcome of lotteries they had chosen than for lotteries that had been selected for them (controlling for initial preference). This demonstrates that choice boosts curiosity, which may have implications for boosting learning, memory, and motivation.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and End-of-Life Care: A Well-Being Review
Authors: Eleff Akiva , Shloush Mendel
Published: October 2022

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder can be a debilitating comorbidity for a patient on end-of-life care. Combat veterans make up a vast majority of patients diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and are therefore a vulnerable group requiring a comprehensive approach to their health care management. This paper addresses certain challenges the hospice and palliative care providers may encounter and offers solutions to ensure the patients maintain a high quality of life.
Introduction: Afterlives in objects
Authors: Walton Jeremy F. , İlengiz Çiçek
Published: October 2022

In this introduction to our edited volume, Material Afterlives, we specify the interventions and arguments of our collection as a whole. To begin, we reflect on the recent proliferation of “afterlives” as a concept and metaphor within the social sciences and humanities, a development that we describe as the “new hauntology.” As we argue, this new hauntology favors the subjective rather than objective aspects of afterlives and consequently neglects questions of materiality. The overarching goal of Material Afterlives is to remedy this neglect. Following this, we examine the contributions and limitations of the concepts of ruin/ruination and waste to the investigation of material afterlives. While the concepts of ruin and waste presuppose a decrease in value in the face of time and change of function, material afterlives, by contrast, accentuate the proliferation of enhanced and unanticipated material values. We then enumerate the implications of our consideration of material afterlives for Memory Studies broadly, with particular emphasis on how material afterlives unsettle the orienting role of trauma in the discipline. Finally, we briefly outline the five specific contributions that constitute our volume.
Race, capital and the British migration–development nexus
Authors: Goodfellow Maya
Published: October 2022

Over the past 20 years, migration and development policy have been connected in British politics in two overlapping ways – one argument is centred on migration being used for development, the other using aid to reduce migration. In this article, I argue that two seemingly contradictory policy configurations – development and migration – and the different articulations of their relationship – migration for development and aid to stop migration – stem from the same framework of racialised capitalism. I show how these relationships are in flux; related to the demands of capital and to the different ideological approaches towards migration. In different ways, the nexus helps to produce varying forms of exploitable subjects and enacts control over surplus populations across the ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ world.
Kin, friends, philanthronationalists: “Relations” as a modality of colonial and post-colonial charity in Sri Lanka
Authors: Widger Tom
Published: October 2022

Through an historical ethnographic analysis of Sri Lanka’s oldest charity, the Colombo Friend-in-Need Society, this article explores changing modalities of humanitarian “relations” in colonial and post-colonial contexts. For two hundred years, “the Society” would provide a model of liberal humanitarianism premised on “friendship,” a civil and secular relation that the organisation distinguished from “kinship” on the one side and “religion” on the other. Sorting and ranking kinds of charitable practice according to their relations became a project through which the elite could establish the relative values of different forms of mutuality and autonomy and their contribution to colonial and post-colonial development. Paying attention to the Society’s role in this process also helps to reveal the historical contingencies of “relation” as a foundational anthropological concept and analytical objective.
Determining scalar illuminance from cubic illuminance data. Part 1: Error tracing
Authors: Xia L , Xiao N , Liu X , Zhang T , Xu R , Li F
Published: October 2022

The cubic illumination metre has been taken as the most thorough and practical tool for the field measurement of vector illuminance so far. However, uncertainty in the measurement of scalar illuminance has influenced its reliability. This study determined how the errors of the existing approaches were generated using illustrations and simulations based on the illuminance solid concept. Following the error analysis of the existing approaches, potential alternative solutions for improving its accuracy were proposed. This study can help pave the way for developing more accurate vector illuminance-based metrics in natural lighting environments using a cubic metre.
Bioethics after the COVID-19 pandemic: More research, fewer committees?
Authors: Stoeklé Henri-Corto , Hervé Christian
Published: October 2022

In the face of the pandemic, bioethics, once again, proved its scientific utility. In France, in particular, the academic approach (= peer-reviewed, scientific publications, etc.) should be given priority over the institutional approach (= public surveys, public meetings, etc.), in hospitals, research institutes, universities, and companies, with the professionalization that this would imply (i.e. bioethicists).
Development of polyurethane/polyethylene terephthalate/fiber glass polymeric composite from internal auto parts waste
Authors: Fujii Laura C , Shiino Marcos Y
Published: October 2022

The use of polymers in the automotive industry has been growing significantly, the recycling of these materials is a major challenge nowadays, since most polymer parts comprises of different types of polymers, and they are joined by chemical adhesives due to their lack of good compatibility. This characteristic hampers the recycling of such polymers, and makes separation economically unfeasible, as a consequence, their final destination has ended up in landfills. In this sense, the present research developed a technique to verify the recyclability of the manufacturing waste polymer auto parts from industry processes, through the polymer layup process to obtain a composite (fiberglass, polyester fiber, polyurethane) in the form of flat panel. To achieve the objectives, the polymers were individually analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry to assist in the definition of the overlap of joined polymers, in which differentiates from the conventional method of polymer blend by extrusion. The preformed polymer was consolidated by a hot press. The polymer composites were evaluated by three-point bending test and their structure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results in flexural properties indicate a suitable consolidation strategy when compared with results in literature, which is explained by the presence of glass fiber and PET in the final composition. Through the SEM images, it enabled to observe a good interface between the glass fiber and the polyester-based polymer matrix of the wastes, directly influencing the mechanical results of the material.