bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signal Expansion Method in Indoor FMCW Radar Systems for Improving Range Resolution
Authors: Baek Seongmin , Jung Yunho , Lee Seongjoo
Published: June 2021

As various unmanned autonomous driving technologies such as autonomous vehicles and autonomous driving drones are being developed, research on FMCW radar, a sensor related to these technologies, is actively being conducted. The range resolution, which is a parameter for accurately detecting an object in the FMCW radar system, depends on the modulation bandwidth. Expensive radars have a large modulation bandwidth, use the band above 77 GHz, and are mainly used as in-vehicle radar sensors. However, these high-performance radars have the disadvantage of being expensive and burdensome for use in areas that require precise sensors, such as indoor environment motion detection and autonomous drones. In this paper, the range resolution is improved beyond the limited modulation bandwidth by extending the beat frequency signal in the time domain through the proposed Adaptive Mirror Padding and Phase Correction Padding. The proposed algorithm has similar performance in the existing Zero Padding, Mirror Padding, and Range RMSE, but improved results were confirmed through the ρs indicating the size of the side lobe compared to the main lobe and the accurate detection rate of the OS CFAR. In the case of ρs, it was confirmed that with single targets, Adaptive Mirror Padding was improved by about 3 times and Phase Correct Padding was improved by about 6 times compared to the existing algorithm. The results of the OS CFAR were divided into single targets and multiple targets to confirm the performance. In single targets, Adaptive Mirror Padding improved by about 10% and Phase Correct Padding by about 20% compared to the existing algorithm. In multiple targets, Phase Correct Padding improved by about 20% compared to the existing algorithm. The proposed algorithm was verified through the MATLAB Tool and the actual FMCW radar. As the results were similar in the two experimental environments, it was verified that the algorithm works in real radar as well.
The Accuracy of Patient-Specific Instrumentation with Laser Guidance in a Dynamic Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Radiological Evaluation
Authors: Ferretti Andrea , Iannotti Ferdinando , Proietti Lorenzo , Massafra Carlo , Speranza Attilio , Laghi Andrea , Iorio Raffaele
Published: June 2021

The functional positioning of components in a total hip arthroplasty (THA) and its relationship with individual lumbopelvic kinematics and a patient’s anatomy are being extensively studied. Patient-specific kinematic planning could be a game-changer; however, it should be accurately delivered intraoperatively. The main purpose of this study was to verify the reliability and accuracy of a patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) and laser-guided technique to replicate preoperative dynamic planning. Thirty-six patients were prospectively enrolled and received dynamic hip preoperative planning based on three functional lateral spinopelvic X-rays and a low dose CT scan. Three-dimensional (3D) printed PSI guides and laser-guided instrumentation were used intraoperatively. The orientation of the components, osteotomy level and change in hip length and offset were measured on postoperative CT scans and compared with the planned preoperative values. The length of surgery was compared with that of a matched group of thirty-six patients who underwent a conventional THA. The mean absolute deviation from the planned inclination and anteversion was 3.9° and 4.4°, respectively. In 92% of cases, both the inclination and anteversion were within +/− 10° of the planned values. Regarding the osteotomy level, offset change and limb length change, the mean deviation was, respectively, 1.6 mm, 2.6 mm and 2 mm. No statistically significant difference was detected when comparing the planned values with the achieved values. The mean surgical time was 71.4 min in the PSI group and 60.4 min in the conventional THA group (p < 0.05). Patient-specific and laser-guided instrumentation is safe and accurately reproduces dynamic planning in terms of the orientation of the components, osteotomy level, leg length and offset. Moreover, the increase in surgical time is negligible.
Influence of Temperature on the Natural Vibration Characteristics of Simply Supported Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Cai Yanxia , Zhang Kai , Ye Zhoujing , Liu Chang , Lu Kaiji , Wang Linbing
Published: June 2021

Natural vibration characteristics serve as one of the crucial references for bridge monitoring. However, temperature-induced changes in the natural vibration characteristics of bridge structures may exceed the impact of structural damage, thus causing some interference in damage identification. This study analyzed the influence of temperature on the natural vibration characteristics of simply supported beams, which is the most widely used bridge structure. The theoretical formula for the variation of the natural frequency of simply supported beams with temperature was proposed. The elastic modulus of simply supported beams in the range of −40 °C to 60 °C was acquired by means of the falling ball test and the theoretical formula and was compared with the elastic modulus obtained by the three-point bending test at room temperature (20 °C). In addition, the Midas/Civil finite-element simulation was carried out for the natural frequency of simply supported beams at different temperatures. The results showed that temperature was the main factor causing the variation of the natural frequency of simply supported beams. The linear negative correlation between the natural frequency of simply supported beams and their temperature were observed. The natural frequency of simply supported beams decreased by 0.148% for every 1 °C increase. This research contributed to the further understanding of the natural vibration characteristics of simply supported beams under the influence of temperature so as to provide references for natural frequency monitoring and damage identification of beam bridges.
A Schottky-Type Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Al0.24Ga0.76N UV Sensor Prepared by Using Selective Annealing
Authors: Park Byeong-Jun , Seol Jeong-Hoon , Hahm Sung-Ho
Published: June 2021

Asymmetric metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) UV sensors with 24% Al were fabricated using a selective annealing technique that dramatically reduced the dark current density and improved the ohmic behavior and performance compared to a non-annealed sensor. Its dark current density at a bias of −2.0 V and UV-to-visible rejection ratio (UVRR) at a bias of −7.0 V were 8.5 × 10−10 A/cm2 and 672, respectively, which are significant improvements over a non-annealed sensor with a dark current density of 1.3 × 10−7 A/cm2 and UVRR of 84, respectively. The results of a transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrate that the annealing process caused interdiffusion between the metal layers; the contact behavior between Ti/Al/Ni/Au and AlGaN changed from rectifying to ohmic behavior. The findings from an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the O 1s binding energy peak intensity associated with Ga oxide, which causes current leakage from the AlGaN surface, decreased from around 846 to 598 counts/s after selective annealing.
Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE
Authors: Zradziński Patryk , Karpowicz Jolanta , Gryz Krzysztof , Owczarek Grzegorz , Ramos Victoria
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to model and evaluate the Specific Energy Absorption Rate (SAR) values in humans in proximity to fixed multi-antenna I-RFID readers of passive tags under various scenarios mimicking exposure when they are incorporated in Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS), or used to monitor Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The sources of the electromagnetic field (EMF) in the modelled readers were rectangular microstrip antennas at a resonance frequency in free space of 866 MHz from the ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID frequency range of 865–868 MHz. The obtained results of numerical modelling showed that the SAR values in the body 5 cm away from the UHF RFID readers need consideration with respect to exposure limits set by international guidelines to prevent adverse thermal effects of exposure to EMF: when the effective radiated power exceeds 5.5 W with respect to the general public/unrestricted environments exposure limits, and with respect to occupational/restricted environments exposure limits, when the effective radiated power exceeds 27.5 W.
A Novel Reversible Data Hiding Method for 3D Model in Homomorphic Encryption Domain
Authors: Luo Ting , Li Li , Zhang Shanqin , Wang Shenxian , Gu Wei
Published: June 2021

Reversible data hiding in the encrypted domain (RDH-ED) is a technique that protects the privacy of multimedia in the cloud service. In order to manage three-dimensional (3D) models, a novel RDH-ED based on prediction error expansion (PEE) is proposed. First, the homomorphic Paillier cryptosystem is utilized to encrypt the 3D model for transmission to the cloud. In the data hiding, a greedy algorithm is employed to classify vertices of 3D models into reference and embedded sets in order to increase the embedding capacity. The prediction value of the embedded vertex is computed by using the reference vertex, and then the module length of the prediction error is expanded to embed data. In the receiving side, the data extraction is symmetric to the data embedding, and the range of the module length is compared to extract the secret data. Meanwhile, the original 3D model can be recovered with the help of the reference vertex. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve greater embedding capacity compared with the existing RDH-ED methods.
Quimera do desenvolvimento sustentável para supressão da pobreza e da crise ecológica
Authors: Mascarenhas Raquel Mota
Published: June 2021

Esse artigo, sob o suporte teórico-metodológico marxista, analisa as particularidades contemporâneas do modo de produção capitalista e as possibilidades de sua superação. Para isso, reflete acerca da relação entre “pobreza e crise ecológica”, considerando o paradigma da Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), e apresenta elementos assertivos da hipótese de que países norteados por projetos societários divergentes – Brasil e Cuba, capitalista e socialista, respectivamente – apresentam distintas programáticas de gestão socioambiental em território latino-americano. Assim, utilizando o método comparado e a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o trabalho apresenta considerações em três momentos: a relação entre crise ecológica e pobreza na contemporaneidade; o processo de construção da Agenda 2030 da ONU; desenvolvimento sustentável na América Latina, similitudes e particularidades em Brasil e Cuba.
PREDIKSI RATA-RATA ZAT BERBAHAYA DI DKI JAKARTA BERDASARKAN INDEKS STANDAR PENCEMAR UDARA MENGGUNAKAN METODE LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY
Authors: Oktaviani Anisa , Hustinawati
Published: June 2021

Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-6 dari 98 negara paling berpolusi di dunia pada tahun 2019. Di tahun tersebut, rata-rata AQI (Air Quality Index) sebesar 141 dan rata-rata konsentrasi PM2.5 sebesar 51.71 μg/m3 yang lima kali lipat diatas rekomendasi World Health Organization (WHO). Salah satu kota penyumbang polusi udara yaitu Jakarta. Berdasarkan data ISPU (Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara) yang diambil dari SPKU (Stasiun Pemantau Kualitas Udara) Dinas Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta melampirkan pada tahun 2019, Jakarta memiliki kualitas udara sangat tidak sehat. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya model Artificial Intelligence dalam memperdiksi rata-rata tingkat zat berbahaya pada udara di DKI Jakarta. Salah satu algoritma yang dapat diterapkan dalam membuat model prediksi dengan menggunakan data timeseries adalah Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Tujuan dari penelitian ini membangun model prediksi rata-rata ISPU di DKI Jakarta menggunakan metode LSTM yang berguna bagi para pemangku kepentingan dibidang lingkungan hidup khususnya mengenai polusi udara. Penelitian mengenai prediksi rata-rata ISPU di DKI Jakarta menggunakan metode LSTM, menghasilkan nilai evaluasi MAPE 12.28%. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi MAPE yang diperoleh, model LSTM yang digunakan untuk prediksi rata-rata ISPU di DKI Jakarta masuk kedalam kategori akurat.
SOCIAL COMPONENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Strapchuk Svitlana
Published: June 2021

The relevance of business development in the long run is due to the need to raise awareness of stakeholders about social problems in agriculture. The aim of the study is to assess the achievement of indicators of the social pillar of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the macro level and to analyze the social performance of agricultural holdings, based on the case method, which will provide a better understanding of decision-making processes at the level of enterprises. The analysis of indicators of SDGs at the level of country and region allowed to obtain generalized information on the state and level of achievement of certain established goals for designing scenarios for the development of agricultural sector. Maintaining viable rural areas is one of the key strategic goals of agriculture. To achieve this, we need to understand the decision-making process related to the problems of social sustainability, to establish the interdependent impact of social, economic and environmental pillars and the relationship between SDGs.
It has been established that most research on the assessment of social dimension suggests ensuring good working conditions, meeting the needs and guaranteeing the rights of employees, the availability of social guarantees, training opportunities, etc. However, the estimates are mainly limited to qualitative parameters, which makes it impossible to compare them with other indicators. One of the conceptual approaches, which is the basis for studying the experience of companies in the assessment of social indicators, is based on GRI standards and applies to companies that make non-financial statements. The analysis of agricultural market operators that involve two agricultural holdings, which have made non-financial statements for several years, has revealed qualitative and quantitative changes in the social dimension. As a result, we have made a conclusion about multilevel process of selecting the list of indicators, which is consistent with GRI standards. However, in each case it contributes to the disclosure of information on guaranteed compliance with legal requirements for labor, training and staff development, staffing, health and safety, including appropriate insurance, financing of employees' sports initiatives, opportunities to provide material assistance and remuneration to employees, etc.
Co-crystallization of an organic solid and a tetraaryladamantane at room temperature
Authors: Rami Fabian , Nowak Jan , Krupp Felix , Frey Wolfgang , Richert Clemens
Published: June 2021

Tetraaryladamantanes have proven useful as chaperones for the co-crystallization of small molecules that do not readily crystallize by themselves. The co-crystals are often useful for structure elucidation. Usually, the small molecules are encapsulated in the crystal lattice of the aryladamantane that forms during rapid thermal crystallization. Thus far, co-crystallization has been limited to liquids as guest molecules. Here we report the co-crystal structures of phenol, which is solid at room temperature, with both 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)adamantane (TDA) and 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(2,4-diethoxyphenyl)adamantane (TEO). The co-crystals were obtained from solutions in dichloromethane by slow evaporation or diffusion. The implications for generating other co-crystals of two solids are briefly discussed.
The Crisis of US Coal Communities: Strategies for a Just Transition to Renewable Energy
Authors: Chesmore Grace E. , Starr Rachel L. , Van Hoeck Rebecca , Ward Meredith L.
Published: June 2021

Though coal was once a leading source of energy and economic growth, negative health impacts, detrimental environmental effects, and market forces have led to a rapid decline in production. Without nationwide legislation aiding them, coal-dependent communities in the US are suffering from financial downfall during this shift. Here, we propose three policy options to uplift these communities by providing subsidies to renewable energy companies that expand operations in former coal communities, reclaim the land, and provide job retraining. These options, alongside suggested federal funding for direct community aid, work cohesively to provide a lasting source of economic stability, improve environmental and public health in former coal-dependent communities, and mitigate the climate crisis. We call upon the Interagency Working Group on Coal and Power Plant Communities and Economic Revitalization (Interagency Working Group) to ensure the diversion of subsidies away from the coal industry and towards these efforts to promote a just transition for the affected communities.
Perception and Behavior about Electric Cigarette in Electric Cigarette Users in Medan City, Indonesia
Authors: Franchyeda Bianca , Sinaga Bintang Yinke Magdalena
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: As a new device and technology, the use of e-cigarettes has increased rapidly in Indonesia, e-cigarettes attract and make people curious.
AIM: This study aims to determine the description of perceptions and behavior about e- cigarettes in e-cigarette users in Medan city, Indonesia.
METHODS: This type of research is quantitative with descriptive design. The sample of this study was 100 electric cigarette users in Medan city, Indonesia, using consecutive sampling method. The data in this study were obtained through a questionnaire conducted in August–October 2019.
RESULTS: The respondents of this study were 100 electric cigarette users, consisting of 92 men and 8 women, aged between 17 and 39 years and 42% worked as students. Some respondents had more than 1 electric cigarette device and used different atomizers on different devices. As many as, 42% of tobacco smoking respondents switched to e-cigarettes and stopped smoking. There is a decrease in the number of tobacco cigarette consumption among users who use tobacco cigarettes and electric cigarettes, respondents who had a positive perception of e-cigarettes were 51%, and most of respondents (88%) use e-cigarettes because they see the people around them.
CONCLUSION: This study shows that the majority of e-cigarette users in Medan city, Indonesia, are former smokers and have a positive perception of e-cigarettes. Moreover, the most frequent reasons to start using electric cigarette are because they see others around them use it.
Contribution to the knowledge of Mediterranean wetland vegetation: Lemnetea and Potamogetonetea classes in Western Sicily
Authors: Caldarella Orazio , Lastrucci Lorenzo , Bolpagni Rossano , Gianguzzi Lorenzo
Published: June 2021

The freshwater aquatic vegetation of the Lemnetea and Potamogetonetea classes in Western Sicily was surveyed and analyzed. 85 lakes and small pools were investigated collecting 147 phytosociological unpublished relevés to integrate the very scarce available data (only 3 relevés). By applying statistical analyses on abundances data and on the bases of physiognomy and dominant species, two alliances (Lemnion minoris and Stratiotion) and four different coenoses have been identify for the Lemnetea class; while 11 associations, assigned to two orders (Potamogetonetalia pectinati and Callitricho hamulatae-Ranunculetalia aquatilis) and four alliances (Potamogetonion, Nymphaeion albae, Ranunculion aquatilis and Ranunculion omiophyllo-hederacei) have been recognized for the Potamogetonetea class. A new association (Junco bufonii-Ranunculetum omiophylli ass. nov.) and a new subassociation (Ranunculetum peltati ranunculetosum rionii subass. nov.) have been proposed, whereas other six vegetation units were found to be new for the study area (Potamogetono-Ceratophylletum submersi, Potamogetonetum pusilli, Ranunculetum aquatilis, Ranunculetum peltati and Ranunculetum rionii, Lemno-Callitrichetum obtusangulae). For all the coenoses recognized, new insights on the floristic composition, syntaxonomy, synphiognomy, synecology and synchorology are reported, offering a reasoned overview of the aquatic vegetation of the western sector of the main Mediterranean island.
Exploring Technology Tendencies and Their Impact on Human-Human Interactions
Authors: Lum Heather C.
Published: June 2021

Although traditionally researchers have focused on making robotics more user-friendly from a human perspective, a new theory has begun to take shape in which humans take on the perspective of a robotic entity. The following set of studies examined the concept of technomorphism defined as the attribution of technological characteristics to humans. This concept has been mentioned anecdotally and studied indirectly, but there is nothing currently available to tap into the various forms that technomorphism may take. Through the study of technomorphism, researchers have come slightly closer to the question of how technology is influencing our perceptions of what it means to be human. The findings from this work should help fuel the desire of others in the field to think about the potential influences of technomorphism during the design and implementation of new devices as well as in how technology may be related to how we perceive each other.
Islam, Opinion Leaders, and Social Media Influencer
Authors: Rossanty Yossie , Sari Pipit Buana , Amlus Mohammad Harith , Nasution Thorique Akbar Maulana
Published: June 2021

Social media plays an important role in disseminating information and news to the audience. Through its influencer, the information could be shared faster in a wider spectrum. Meanwhile, the opinion leaders greatly influence other people's decision making, attitudes, behaviors, and are perceived to be models for others. However, in Islam, the use of social media is regulated and has to comply with the principles and values stated in the hadith of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as well as the verses in the Al-Qur'an. Every Muslim has the responsibility to share valid and credible information to everyone regardless of their religion. The social media platforms can be used by Muslims to interact and understand the content more easily. Islam emphasizes the ethics and moral aspects in any interaction or communications. In fact, Islam has a da'wah system where the communication and understanding of the content or messages must be clearly identified and discussed before spreading to others.
Theoretical Context of Cybercrime
Authors: Rehman Tansif Ur
Published: June 2021

The internet is conceivably today's most innovative development as it proceeds to change everyday life for almost everyone globally. Billions of individuals are using the internet, and thousands enter the online world each day. Not merely has the internet revolutionized the way people connect and learn; it has eternally changed the way people live across the globe. As the internet and computer advances, offenders have originated ways to utilize these innovations as intended for their criminal acts. In social science research, social theories are of great significance. Without a theoretical direction, social facts are like a snuffed-out candle that cannot determine its bearer's path. Social theories contribute to the development of sound scientific foundations for resolving issues in any social inquiry. Theories guide our observations of the world. Digital technology has an impact and has numerous challenges. The respective work has its significance in helping and exploring this dilemma via a multifaceted theoretical approach.
eSports as a News Specialty Gold Rush
Authors: Perreault Gregory P. , Perreault Mildred F.
Published: June 2021

The news coverage of eSports presents an attractive avenue to a new audience for business, sports, and gaming journalists. The audience's interest is understandable given the financial vibrancy of the hobby. This chapter reflects an analysis of news articles (n=406) published in The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Forbes, and Business Insider from January 2018 to December 2020. Researchers analyzed these articles for specific marketing and public relations messages and identified how various entertainment businesses were reflected in the news coverage of eSports. This chapter argues that eSports represents a topic typically covered through lifestyle journalism that has instead been dominated by traditional business reporting. Both gaming and sports are predominantly lifestyle specialties—hence, the dominant role of business journalism in reporting the specialty means that the emphasis on the niche has primarily been on awards and financing.
Modeling Service Quality and Satisfaction of Evacuation Center Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)
Authors: Padlee Siti Falindah , Hat Siti Zulaieqa Mohd , Salleh Hayatul Safrah , Nur 'Atikah Zulkiffli Siti
Published: June 2021

The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between evacuees' perception of service quality and their level of satisfaction on the services provided at the evacuation center. The measurement of the relationship between the constructs was analyzed by using the PLS-SEM. About 600 questionnaires were administered in three locations—Kemaman (Terengganu), Kuala Krai (Kelantan), and Temerloh (Pahang)—that are severely affected by floods during the monsoon season from November to March. The results revealed that evacuees' perceived service quality on the seven dimensions of services such as food catering, health and safety, transportation, volunteers, site services, telecommunication, and special facilities for special needs significantly influence their overall satisfaction. The outcome was the identification of seven key service variables of an evacuation center that have impacted to evacuees' overall satisfaction. This study hopes to assist the government in providing continuous quality of services to evacuees in the evacuation center in Malaysia.
Is the rules-based multilateral trade order in decline? Current practices, trends and their impact
Authors: Hegde Vineet , Wouters Jan , Raina Akhil
Published: June 2021

Since its establishment, the World Trade Organization has suffered numerous blows. Today, however, it is going through a perfect storm: from a paralysis in its lawmaking function to the demise of the Appellate Body. Powerful economies such as the United States, China and the European Union are moving away from multilateralism, in different ways, in order to shape novel approaches. Non-transparent practices like informal trade instruments, geoeconomics, and the domestication of international trade rules are appearing as new tools of global economic governance. How to make sense of these practices and approaches from a legal perspective? The common thread in all these factors is the relative decline of the rule of law. This article explores and critically assesses these developments and calls for urgent action in order to remedy and strengthen the multilateral rules-based trade order.
Suspension of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty prior to its withdrawal: the content of custom
Authors: Hagiwara Kazuki
Published: June 2021

The United States suspended the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) ‘in accordance with customary international law’. However, State practice prior to the International Law Commission's codification of the law of treaties did not contribute to clarifying the extent of a right to suspend and the proper conditions for its exercise under customary international law. The few instances regarding suspension due to a serious breach did not demonstrate how the treaties in question were suspended but were a mere reference to a right of suspension in diplomatic or political documents. Against that backdrop, this article seeks to delineate what customary rules the United States believed it was observing and to clarify to what extent those rules are identical to or different from the codified rules on suspension in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Convention). Because the codified procedural safeguards or the mechanism of acquiescence under Article 65 of the Convention were considered as the progressive development of international law, it appears possible to suspend the INF Treaty unilaterally outside the Convention and under the customary rules by which the United States is bound. The INF Treaty was suspended by the United States and by Russia in sequence. That Russian suspension appears to have been an exceptio non adimpleti contractus to prevent the asymmetric execution of the INF Treaty that had been previously suspended by the United States.
Bilim, Teknoloji ve Kadın: Çalışmanın Geleceğine Dair Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: TOPRAKCI ALP Gözde , AKSOY Beyhan
Published: June 2021

Dünya genelinde çalışma ve istihdam biçimleri sürekli değişmekte, yeni teknolojiler ve özellikle bilgi teknolojileri işgücü piyasasının geleceğini yakından etkilemektedir. Teknolojik gelişmelerin, kadın işgücü üzerindeki etkisi ise çalışma yaşamındaki mevcut eşitsizlikler dikkate alındığında önemli bir konu olarak gündeme gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada teknolojik gelişmelerin kadınlar üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmek, Fen, Teknoloji, Mühendislik ve Matematik (FETEMM) alanlarında kadınların görünürlüğünü tartışmak ve bu alandaki cinsiyet eşitsizliğini ortadan kaldırmak için politika önerileri geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Teknoloji odaklı çalışmada kadınların yetersiz temsiliyetleri kaynağını teknoloji ve cinsiyetlere dayalı kalıp yargılardan almaktadır. Çalışmada kadın istihdamında toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargıları üzerinden hareket edilerek, devletin, özel sektörün ve sivil toplumun bu konuda yapabileceklerine dair önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Olympos in Lycia: A Novel Assessment of its History and Localization in Light of Recent Archaeological and Epigraphical Research
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Hüseyin Sami , ÖNCÜ Öğül Emre
Published: June 2021

Olympos is located on the eastern coast of Lycia, one of the ancient regions of Western Anatolia. It was one of the principal cities in the Lycian League, along with five others, and entitled to three votes. Archaeological excavations and surveys that started in 1998 and continued until today have unearthed much scientific data that illuminate the unknowns of the city and increase our knowledge of the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods of Olympos. Particular examples of archaeological and epigraphic data, which will most contribute to the debate regarding the localization of Olympos in Lycia, will be discussed in this article.
Safety and Effectiveness of Cytomegalovirus Specific Antigen Induced Interferon-Gamma ELISPOT/ELISA: A Systematic Review
Authors: Choi Wonjung , Hahn Joohee , Lee Worlsook , Shin Chaemin
Published: June 2021

Background: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) Specific Antigen Induced Interferon-Gamma ELISPOT (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot)/ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) procedure in predicting the risk of CMV infection/disease in immunocompromised patients through a systematic literature review. Methods: The searched electronic databases included MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. A total of 884 non-duplicate citations were retrieved and a total of 25 studies (15 cohort studies, 10 cross-sectional studies) were included in this review. Study subjects were selected among patients with solid organ, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or those who were on hemodialysis. Data extraction and literature quality assessment were carried out independently by two researchers. Results: Most of the studies were conducted on patients with solid organ transplants. As it is conducted outside the body, CMV Specific Antigen Induced Interferon-Gamma ELISPOT/ELISA assay was safe. Regarding its effectiveness, most studies on risk analysis based on prognosisrelated outcomes reported that the inactive group showed a significantly higher hazard ratio or odds ratio than the active group. Results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also showed that the inactive group had a significantly higher incidence of CMV event (CMV infection, CMV disease, other events) than the active group. However, various thresholds for CMV cell immune response were reported, as was a broad range of predictive diagnostic accuracies. Conclusion: CMV Specific Antigen Induced Interferon-Gamma ELISPOT/ELISA assay has potential to stratify the risk of CMV infection/disease among solid organ transplant patients and to determine a policy for a prophylaxis/preemptive. However, additional literature evidence is needed to establish thresholds for CMV cell immune response and standardized tests.
The Role of Ice-Sheet Topography in the Alpine Hydro-Climate at Glacial Times
Authors: Velasquez Patricio , Messmer Martina , Raible Christoph C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of the glacial Alpine hydro-climate to northern hemispheric and local ice-sheet changes. Bridging the scale gap by using a chain of global and regional climate models, we perform sensitivity simulations of up to 2 km horizontal resolution over the Alps for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4). In winter, we find wetter conditions in the southern part of the Alps during LGM compared to present day, to which dynamical processes, i.e., changes in the wind speed and direction, substantially contribute. During summer, we find the expected drier conditions in most of the Alpine region during LGM, as thermodynamics suggests drier conditions under lower temperatures. The MIS4 climate shows enhanced winter precipitation compared to the LGM, which is explain by its warmer climate compared to the LGM – thus, again explained by thermodynamics. The sensitivity simulations of the northern hemispheric ice-sheet changes show that an increase of the ice-sheet thickness leads to a significant intensification of glacial Alpine hydro-climate conditions, which is mainly explained by dynamical processes. Changing only the Fennoscandian ice sheet is less influential on the Alpine precipitation, whereas modifications in the local Alpine ice-sheet topography significantly alter the Alpine precipitation, in particular we find a reduction of summer precipitation at the southern face of the Alps when lowering the Alpine ice sheet. The findings demonstrate that the northern hemispheric and local ice-sheet topography play an important role in regulating the Alpine hydro-climate and thus permits a better understanding of the precipitation patterns in the complex Alpine terrain at glacial times.
Ground-based vertical profile observations of atmospheric composition on the Tibetan Plateau (2017–2019)
Authors: Xing Chengzhi , Liu Cheng , Wu Hongyu , Lin Jinan , Wang Shuntian , Gao Meng
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Tibet Plateau (TP) plays an essential role in modulating regional and global climate, and its influence on climate is affected also by human-related processes, including changes in atmospheric composition. However, observations of atmospheric composition, especially vertical profile observations, remain sparse and rare on the TP, due to extremely high altitude, topographical heterogeneity and grinding environment. Accordingly, the forcing and feedback of atmospheric composition from rapidly changing surrounding regions to regional environmental and climate change in the TP remains poorly understood. This paper introduces a high time-resolution (~15 min) vertical profile observational dataset of atmospheric composition (aerosol, NO2, HCHO and HONO) on the TP for more than one year (2017–2019) using a passive remote sensing technique. The diurnal pattern, vertical distribution and seasonal variations of these pollutants are documented here in detail. The sharing of this dataset would benefit scientific community in exploring source-receptor relationships, forcing and feedback of atmospheric composition on the TP to regional and global climate. It also provides potentials to improve satellite retrievals, and to facilitate the development and improvement of models in cold regions. The dataset is freely available at Zenodo (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4911384; Xing et al., 2021).
New approaches to dating intermittently varved sediment, Columbine lake, Colorado, USA
Authors: Arcusa Stephanie Harmonie , McKay Nicholas P. , Wiman Charlotte , Patterson Sela , Munoz Samuel E. , Aquino-López Marco A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Annually laminated lake sediment can track paleoenvironmental change at high-resolution where alternative archives are often not available. However, information about both paleoenvironmental change and chronology are often affected by indistinct and intermittent varves. We present an approach that overcomes these and other obstacles by using a quantitative varve quality index combined with a multi-core, multi-observer Bayesian varve sedimentation model that quantifies realistic under- and over-counting uncertainties while integrating information from radiometric measurements (210Pb, 137Cs, and 14C) into the chronology. We demonstrate this approach on thin sections of indistinct and intermittently varved sequences from alpine Columbine Lake, Colorado. The integrated model indicates 3137 (95 percentile highest density probability range: 2753–3375) varve years with a cumulative posterior distribution of counting uncertainties of −13/+7 % indicative of systematic observer undercounting. The sedimentary features of the thin and complex varves shift through time, from normally graded couplets to couplets interrupted with coarser sub-laminae, to inversely graded couplets. We interpret the normal grading couplets as spring nival discharge followed by winter settling, the coarser sub-laminae as high rainfall events, and the inverse grading as hyperpycnal flows and/or pulses of dust related to human impact changing the varve formation mechanism. Our novel approach provides a realistic constraint on sedimentation rates and quantifies uncertainty in varve counts by quantifying over- and under-counting uncertainties related to observer bias and the quality and variability of the sediment appearance. The approach permits the construction of a varve chronology and sedimentation rates for sites with intermittent or indistinct varves, which are likely more prevalent than sequences with distinct varves, and thus, expands the possibilities of reconstructing past environmental change with high resolution.
Biotite supports long-range diffusive transport in dissolution-precipitation creep in halite
Authors: Schwichtenberg Berit Ina , Fusseis Florian , Butler Ian B. , Andò Edward
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Phyllosilicates are generally regarded to have a reinforcing effect on chemical compaction by dissolution-precipitation creep (DPC) and thereby influence the evolution of hydraulic rock properties relevant to groundwater resources, geological repositories as well as fossil fuel reservoirs. We conducted oedometric compaction experiments on layered NaCl-biotite samples to test this assumption. In particular, we aim to analyse slow chemical compaction processes in the presence of biotite on the grain scale and determine the effects of chemical and mechanical feedbacks. We used time-resolved (4D) microtomographic data to capture the dynamic evolution of the transport properties in layered NaCl-NaCl/biotite samples over 1619 and1932 hours of compaction. Percolation analysis in combination with advanced digital volume correlation techniques showed that biotite grains influence the dynamic evolution of porosity in the sample by promoting a reduction of porosity in their vicinity. However, the lack of preferential strain localisation around phyllosilicates and a homogeneous distribution of axial shortening across the sample suggests that the porosity reduction is not achieved by pore collapse but by the precipitation of NaCl sourced from outside the NaCl/biotite layer. Our observations invite a renewed discussion of the effect of phyllosilicates on DPC, with a particular emphasis on the length scales of the processes involved. We propose that, in our experiments, the diffusive transport processes invoked in classical theoretical models of DPC are superseded by chemo-mechanical feedbacks that arise on longer length scales. These feedbacks drive NaCl diffusion from the marginal pure NaCl layers into the central NaCl-biotite mixture over distances of several hundredμm and several grain diameters. Such a mechanism was first postulated by Merino et al. (1983)
The Relationship Between Hematological Neoplasms and Lipid Profile
Authors: Öztürk Erman
Published: June 2021

Objective: Hypocholesterolemia is a metabolism disorder that may be seen in chronic diseases and malignancies. Various dyslipidemia profiles have been shown in adult and pediatric hematological malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the lipid profile properties in patients diagnosed with a hematological malignancy compared to a healthy control group. Method: Out of 1213 patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancy, the data of 98 patients whose pretreatment lipid profiles had already been studied, were reviewed. Forty healthy individuals were selected as the control group. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were compared. Results: Triglyceride values were significantly higher (p=0.02), and the total cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels were lower in the study group compared to the control group. Triglyceride values were higher (p=0.013), and HDL levels were lower (p=0.022) in parallel with increases in uric acid levels. There was a significant correlation between the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score and TG (p=0.003) in those diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Whereas no significant correlation was found between TG, total cholesterol, and LDL values in the limited (early) and advanced stage NHL, while a significant negative correlation was found with HDL (p=0.027). Conclusion: Hypertriglyceridemia, as well as low LDL and HDL values may be seen in hematological malignancies. It should be kept in mind that there may be chronic diseases and malignancies in the etiology of incidental hypocholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Further studies are needed on this subject to determine the effects of dyslipidemia on the pathogenesis and prognosis of the disease in hematological malignancies.
Data, de Wet bescherming bedrijfsgeheimen en het contractenrecht
Authors: Kool M.
Published: June 2021

Data, de Wet bescherming bedrijfsgeheimen en het contractenrecht

Data kunnen een grote commerciële waarde hebben. Omdat data vaak niet worden beschermd door het intellectuele eigendomsrecht en het goederenrecht, is het van belang om waardevolle data contractueel goed te beschermen. In dit artikel staan daarvoor enkele tips.
Aanvang korte verjaringstermijn bij wanprestatie door een (fiscaal) adviseur
Authors: Lankhaar A.Z.
Published: June 2021

Aanvang korte verjaringstermijn bij wanprestatie door een (fiscaal) adviseur

De Hoge Raad heeft op 9 oktober 2020 (ECLI:NL:HR:2020:1603) een nuance aangebracht op de vaste jurisprudentie over de aanvang van de korte verjaringstermijn van artikel 3:310 lid 1 BW. Onder bijzondere omstandigheden gaat de korte verjaringstermijn nog niet lopen indien bij de benadeelde de kennis en het inzicht ontbreken die nodig zijn om de deugdelijkheid van de door de schuldenaar geleverde prestatie te beoordelen. De reikwijdte van deze nuance blijkt niet expliciet uit het arrest.
Professionele ethiek in het academisch juridisch onderwijs - Enige inhoudelijke en didactische aanknopingspunten
Authors: van Dongen Emanuel , Tigchelaar Jet
Published: June 2021

Professionele ethiek in het academisch juridisch onderwijs - Enige inhoudelijke en didactische aanknopingspunten Special issue on Education in (Professional) Legal Ethics, Emanuel van Dongen & Jet Tigchelaar (eds.)

In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs inhoudelijke en didactische aanknopingspunten voor de integratie van professionele ethiek in de academische juridische opleiding. Dat gaat wat de auteurs betreft verder dan (enkel) het leren van gedragsregels, maar betreft ook de (kritisch-)ethische reflectie (op de professionele rol) van de jurist en ethische oordeelsvorming. Aanknopingspunten uit rechtstheoretische en onderwijskundige literatuur vragen om een curriculum brede, stapsgewijze, inbedding met passende toetsing. Dit onderwijs dient idealiter een combinatie te zijn van afzonderlijke meta-juridische vakken over recht en ethiek, positiefrechtelijke vakken die ethische elementen bevatten, klinische training en specifieke vakken over beroeps- of professionele ethiek. In dit artikel bespreken de auteurs diverse methoden die kunnen worden gebruikt om het onderwijs vorm te geven en illustreren dit met enkele voorbeelden uit het Utrechts universitair juridisch onderwijs. Actieve participatie, reflectie en – idealiter – eigen ervaringen zijn daarbij van groot belang. Een aantal modellen uit niet-juridische disciplines kan behulpzaam zijn bij het bieden van structuur voor ethische reflectie, voor zover het morele sensitiviteit en morele oordeelsvorming stimuleert. Verscheidene toetsingselementen op het terrein van de ethiek zijn door het curriculum heen nodig. Leeractiviteiten en toetsing kunnen worden opgebouwd in het curriculum van kennis en begrip, naar competenties ten aanzien van ethische dilemma’s en moreel oordelen.
Traumatic Knee Injuries in 2016–2019 – an Analysis of Newly Diagnosed Patients Based on NHF Data Reporting
Authors: Bednarski Piotr , Piekarska Karolina
Published: June 2021

Background. Traumatic musculoskeletal injuries are more and more frequently regarded as an important health, social and economic problem. According to WHO statistics, injuries are a major present-day health problem. The main aim of the study is to identify the number of new patients who sustained knee structure injuries during a year and to classify them based on data on services provided under National Health Fund agreements.
Material and Methods. Information on the number of patients with a knee injury was obtained in a three stage process. First an inventory of relevant diagnoses was determined. Then, the National Health Fund data from 2016–2019 was queried in accordance with the adopted methodology and assumptions. The analysis was based on the report submitted by the NHF in response to the query.
Results. According to the NHF reporting data, knee injuries affect approx. 244,000 people per year. There are slightly more men (approx. 52%) than women (48%). People aged 11-20 years constitute the most numerous group of patients with knee injuries, with approx. 41,342 cases per year. The most frequently reported diagnoses in both groups were S80.0 Contusion of knee (approx. 30%), S83.6 Sprain and tear of other and unspecified parts of knee (approx. 21%) and M23.8 Other internal derangements of knee (approx. 9%). According to available data, the overall rate of knee injuries in 2019 was 6.4 per 1000 population.
Conclusions. 1. Knee injuries pose a major health problem. In Poland, according to the reporting data, approx. 244,000 knee injuries occur every year. 2. Knee injuries are more common among men than women, and people aged 11–20 years constitute the most numerous group of patients. 3. The National Health Fund reporting data is a very valuable source of information on the magnitude of the problem of injuries.
Joanna Głodkowska (red. nauk.): Dydaktyka specjalna. T. 1. W horyzoncie znaczeń, koncepcji i praktyki pedagogicznej. T. 2. Od konstruktów teoretycznych do modeli badawczych. Wydawnictwo APS. Warszawa 2020, ss. 336, 380.
Authors: Żółkowska Teresa
Published: June 2021

Zebrane w omawianej książce rozprawy dotyczą najbardziej aktualnych i kluczowych
problem w z zakresu dydaktyki specjalnej. Zawierają zarówno zagadnienia teoretyczne,
ujęcia kontekstowe, pola badawcze dydaktyki specjalnej, jak i wskazania dla praktyk w
czy student w. Recenzowana monografia stanowi nie tylko pełne treści kompendium
wiedzy, lecz także interdyscyplinarne studium wzajemnych relacji zachodzących
w dydaktyce specjalnej.