bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Wheat (Tricticum avestium L.) as Influenced By Application of Single Super Phosphate Alone and In Combination with Different Organic Fertilizers In Calcareous Soil of Swabi, Pakistan
Authors: JAMAL Aftab , YOUNAS Waqar , FAWAD Muhammad
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Effect of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) alone and in combination with different organic fertilizers on wheat (Tricticum avestium L.)  Production was evaluated in a field study conducted at farmer field  located in Swabi, Pakistan during 2017-18. Results exposed that among all the treatments, combined application of SSP at 100kg ha-1 along with 6 t ha-1 Poultry manure significantly improved the growth as well as yield parameters of wheat crop. On the other hand spike length remained unaffected by all the treatments in the prevailing soil and environmental condition. Combined use of SSP and PM were suggested for obtaining optimum yield of wheat crop.
Farklı Azot Dozlarının İtalyan Çiminin (Lolium multiflorum westerwoldicum Caramba) Ot Verimi ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Semih , BUDAKLI ÇARPICI Emine , AŞIK Bülent Barış
Published: December 2018

Bu araştırma, farklı azot dozlarının italyan çiminin (Lolium multiflorum westerwoldicum Caramba) ot verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla Bursa koşullarında Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’nde 2015-2016 ve 2016-2017 yetiştirme döneminde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada yedi farklı azot dozu (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ve 60 kg da-1) uygulanmış ve tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Denemede bitkisel materyal olarak Caramba çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada bitki boyu, SPAD değeri, yeşil ot verimi, kuru madde verimi, ham protein oranı, ham protein verimi, ADF ve NDF oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; azot dozları bitki boyu, SPAD değeri, ham protein oranı ve verimi, NDF, yeşil ot verimi ve kuru madde verimi üzerine etkili olmuştur. Bursa ve benzer koşullarda italyan çimi yetiştiriciliğinde yüksek verim ve kaliteli yem elde etmek için 50 kg da-1 azot dozu kullanılması önerilebilir.
Dose-dependent analgesic activity of mexiletine on thermally induced pain in rats
Authors: Patil Aravind , Konda Vijaya Chandra Reddy
Published: December 2018

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. In spite of many advances in pain research, we are unable to deal in an effective way. The cost for new drug development is increasing day by day. Drug repurposing is an approach to look for new use in drugs that are already approved for other indications. Mexiletine is a sodium channel blockers that is being approved for treatment of arrhythmias. It is being tried in treatment of various painful conditions. The present study is to evaluate the dose-dependent analgesic activity of mexiletine with ibuprofen.Methods: The analgesic activity of mexiletine was compared at doses of 15mg/kg, 30mg/kg and 45mg/kg with the standard dose of ibuprofen at 10mg/kg in male Wistar rats in thermal model of tail flick analgesiometer.Results: At lower doses (15mg/kg) of mexiletine, analgesic activity of ibuprofen was significantly higher. At higher doses (30 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg) of mexiletine, it was observed that there is no significant difference between the analgesic activities of both drugs.Conclusions: Mexiletine demonstrated a dose-dependent analgesic activity. There was no statistically significant difference between the analgesic activities of higher doses of mexiletine when compared to ibuprofen.
Assessment of awareness about cardiovascular diseases risk factors amongst first year medical students
Authors: Bhalge Udaykiran , Gaikwad Bhaskar , Kulkarni Pramod , Takalkar Anant A. , Bhise Mukund D.
Published: December 2018

Background: There are several risk factors contributing to cardiovascular diseases, such as age, gender and ethnicity. Positive family history being overweight and obese is also additional risk factors. Other, life style factor that contribute to hyper tension are smoking, stress cell phone use and physical inactivity, consumption of alcohol, increase salt intake reduce potassium intake. The objective of the study was to assess the awareness about cardiovascular diseases risk factors amongst first-year medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 136 first-year medical students of MIMSR Medical College, Latur, Maharashtra during the period of December 2017 to May 2018. A self-administered, pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to obtain information about awareness of cardiovascular diseases risk factors including diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol habits from the study subjects.Results: The study subjects were 136 first-year medical students belonging to 18–23 years age group. There was good awareness about high fat food, high sugar intake, smoking and alcohol consumption as cardiovascular diseases risk factors.Conclusions: There is good awareness about cardiovascular diseases risk factors among first-year medical students.
Cervical spondylosis: a common finding in vertigo patients
Authors: Pandurangarao Santosh Uttarkar , Bhoyar Shraddha Subhash , Ramchandra Aravind Darga , Janarthanan Sridurga
Published: December 2018

Background: Vertigo or giddiness is a common symptom seen in patients attending ENT OPD. Vestibular and neurological pathologies being the known common causes. Cervical spondylosis is being established as a common condition leading to vertigo. Our aim is to evaluate the significance of cervical spondylosis as a cause in patients with vertigo.

Methods: Hundred patients of either sex, between the age group of 23-64 years, with vertigo were evaluated with complete history and clinical examination followed by PTA and impedance audiometry. All common causes of vertigo were ruled out and these patients were screened with digital x-ray cervical spine in lateral view to rule out cervical spondylosis. The results were analysed statistically using Chi square test and inference was drawn.  

Results: Out of 100 (100%) patients evaluated, 58 (58%) were female patients and 42 (42%) male patients. Cervical spondylosis was found to be present in 47 (47%) patients.

Conclusions: Cervical spondylosis was found as a common finding in patients with vertigo. It can be ruled out easily using a simple investigation of cervical spine x-ray, in patients where other commoner causes cannot be established.
Dimensions and morphology of the sinus tympani: an anatomical study
Authors: Kumar B. Y. Praveen , Venugopal Deekshita , Parashuram Rajapur , Veenapani M. K. , Subhash C. , Sunil K. C. , Pardikar Spandana S.
Published: December 2018

Background: The sinus tympani is a deep pocket of varying dimensions and shape situated in the retrotympanum. The sinus tympani lies medial to the facial nerve. Hence surgical access is difficult. This area is frequently involved in chronic otitis media attico antral type. Removal of disease from this area is difficult leading to cholesteatoma recidivism. The anatomy has been well described in literature. Its dimensions and morphology has not been described in the Indian population. Knowledge of the endoscopic anatomy of this area will help to eradicate disease leading to better results.

Methods: A canal wall down mastoidectomy was performed on twenty wet temporal bones. A zero degree endoscope was introduced into the middle ear to view the sinus tympani. Using a graduated millimetre scale. The dimensions and morphology of the sinus tympani was studied.  

Results: Twenty wet bones were dissected. The mean height of the sinus tympani was 3.55 mm. The mean width was 2.22 mm and mean depth was 1.72 mm. The morphology was as follows: 13 bones had a type A morphology (classical type), 6 had a type B morphology (confluent), 1 bone had a type D morphology (restricted type). We did not encounter a type C sinus tympani in our study.

Conclusions: The morphology and dimensions of the sinus tympani are variable. The otologist must have a complete knowledge of the anatomy of this area to successfully eradicate disease from this area.
Medial epicondyle fractures in children: a study of functional outcome of surgical fixation
Authors: Kuloor Subraya B. , Shareef Abdul J. , Sudeep Anupam
Published: December 2018

Background: Medial epicondyle fracture is a common elbow injury in children. It is associated with elbow dislocation in many cases. Treatment of displaced medial epicondyle fracture with and without elbow dislocation is a debated topic. Surgical and non surgical methods are practiced with variable results.

Methods: Our study was a prospective study of medial epicondyle fractures treated by surgical fixation with k wires. We studied total of 24 cases out of which 15 had elbow dislocation. The study period was from 2012 to 2015 and indications for surgery were displacement more than 5 mm, elbow instability, incarceration of fragment, ulnar nerve irritation. Open reduction and internal fixation with K wire done. We used joystick method while reducing the fragment with k wire which was a great help. We assessed the cases using mayo elbow performance score.

Results: Our study yielded excellent results in 92% of patients (mayo elbow performance score >90). There was no major difference in clinical outcome between two groups of patients. Complications like instability and non-union not seen following surgical fixation with K wires. The mean loss of flexion, extension, supination, and pronation was 4, 5, 3 and 2 degrees respectively with elbow dislocation group and 2, 3, 1, 1 in without dislocation group. Pre op instability seen in 54% patients was absent in follow up period. Stiffness was more in elbow dislocation group but overall performance was almost equal.

Conclusions: Surgical fixation of medial epicondyle fractures yields excellent results and may be advisable when indicated.
Proximal femur fractures - effect of preoperative mental status of patients on postoperative mobility of patients
Authors: Avulapati Sandeep Krishna , Mahalingam Senthil Kumar , Munirathnam T. , Gudaru Jagadeesh , Kaki Deepak
Published: December 2018

Background: In the elderly population, proximal femur fractures are most common which can result in increase of morbidity and mortality. Pre and postoperative mobility patterns, also depends upon the Mental Status of the patient. Incidence of Mental health disorders of patient can increases with age and co morbidities. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect and relationship of preoperative mental status, on postoperative mobility in proximal femur fracture patients. On null hypothesis; there exists no co-relation between pre-operative mental status on pre and postoperative mobility those had surgery for proximal femur fractures.

Methods: This is a retrospective study, carried out during the period of 14th March, 2016 to 14th March, 2017 at BIRRD (T) Hospital. All the patients who underwent proximal femur fracture surgeries were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for Abbreviated Mental Score Test pre-operatively. Mobility patterns were before injury and after surgery evaluated in patients with proximal femur fractures. Postoperatively patients were followed up to one year.

Results: 50 patients were included into the study, where 12 patients could not present to follow-up due to various reasons, thus we have complete data of 38 patients. There is significant reduction in mobility status of individuals i.e. from 6.18 (preoperative pre fracture mobility) to 5.36 (postoperative mobility). Average abbreviated mental test score is 7.55. There exists a correlation between the variables.

Conclusions: Null hypothesis remains rejected. There is statistically significant relationship between the variables (pre and postoperative mobility, and abbreviated mental test score), which appears to be positive correlation.
Common allergens in patients with contact dermatitis identified using patch test in a tertiary care centre in North Kerala
Authors: Gopinath V. P. K. , Simi V. M. , Basheer Ahammed K. , Ali Rishad C. M. , Farisa P. M.
Published: December 2018

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a disease characterised by an immune mediated response to a substance. The primary prevention remains avoidance of the implicated allergen. This is done with the help of patch test using the Indian Standard series (ISS).

Methods: Out of the 246 cases of ACD that came to our Dermatology department, 92 patients were selected and subjected to patch testing using the ISS. Results were read after 48 and 96 hours, interpreted as per ICDRG criteria and were analysed.

Results: From 92 patients 59.8% were males and 40.2% were females. Majority of the individuals with ACD who were patch tested belonged to the age range of 21-60 years accounting to 72.8%. The most affected site was the foot. 26.7% showed positivity to Black rubber mix, followed by potassium dichromate 20% and nickel 14.4%. 7.8% produced delayed reactions with positivity revealed at the final reading. One patient gave multiple positive reactions to paraben, PPD and chlorocresol.

Conclusions: In the study middle aged males were mostly affected which may be influenced by the sample selected. Black rubber mix was identified as the most frequent sensitizer followed by potassium dichromate which was also implicated as the sensitizer most seen in the unskilled generally. Fragrance mix was responsible for all delayed responses yielding positivity in the second reading. When not considering the negligible left, patch tests’ results could be correlated with the clinical presentations. Patients were treated, educated on ACD and advised to refrain from exposure with suggestions of possible alternatives.
La alfabetización como práctica social en Educación Infantil: Un estudio de casos en zonas en riesgo de exclusión social
Authors: García-Jiménez Eduardo , Guzmán-Simón Fernando , Moreno-Morilla Celia
Published: December 2018

La alfabetización en espacios urbanos en los que concurren situaciones estructurales de pobreza y marginación social requiere de un conocimiento profundo de las prácticas y eventos que tienen lugar en dichos espacios. Esta investigación describe los eventos alfabetizadores y su valor social en los dominios hogar, escuela, barrio y otras comunidades. Se ha desarrollado según un enfoque etnográfico colaborativo con un diseño de estudio de casos múltiples, representados por tres centros de Educación Infantil de la provincia de Sevilla. La recogida de información se ha realizado mediante entrevistas, observación participante, documentos, fotografías y vídeos, y ha concluido con la construcción de mapping. El análisis crítico del discurso y la perspectiva aportada por los Nuevos Estudios de Literacidad (NEL) han servido de referente para el análisis de la información recogida. Los resultados muestran que el desarrollo de la alfabetización puede ser explicado a partir del modo en que se interiorizan los valores sociales de la lectura y la escritura. El valor concedido a la alfabetización en diferentes dominios se convertirá en un factor clave de la escolarización y en un referente del contenido del discurso y de los modos y medios elegidos para comunicarlo.
Os Festivais como estratégia de fortalecimento dos destinos turísticos com vistas à qualidade dos serviços prestados
Authors: Garbuio Maria Emília Martins da Silva , Generoso Paula Guadanhim , Gonçalves Gilberto Da Rosa
Published: December 2018

O turismo de eventos e, em especial, os festivais, impulsionam a dinâmica social, cultural e econômica das cidades que os sediam, demonstrando considerável crescimento no segmento de eventos, especialmente pelo poder de atração de públicos distintos pelo lazer e entretenimento. Contudo, uma das questões vitais para seu sucesso está na qualidade dos serviços e na sua estrutura operacional. Sob essa reflexão, o estudo buscou analisar a qualidade do 27º Festival Internacional de Balonismo de Torres (RS) segundo a percepção de seus visitantes, em relação aos serviços, infraestrutura e segurança do evento. Em relação aos métodos, adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e o levantamento survey, com amostragem não probabilística. A pesquisa foi aplicada no Parque Municipal de Exposições Odilo Webber Rodrigues entre os dias 30 de abril a 03 de maio de 2015, com 1.473 entrevistados. Os resultados demonstraram que as expectativas do público foram atendidas por, aproximadamente, 94%. Contudo, algumas variáveis foram desaprovadas, como áreas de estacionamento, praça de alimentação e a divulgação tardia do evento em ferramentas midiáticas, requerendo atenção por parte dos gestores nesses aspectos.
Thematic Analysis of The Symbolic And Imaginary Play Indonesian Children
Authors: Suminar Dewi Retno , Wardana Nido Dipo
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to find answers about how the empirical relationship between the  theme of the playing process with the background of the children. What themes emerge when children play symbolic and imaginary. Symbolic and imaginary play involves symbolism, where the children can interpret symbols and show imagination and play acting "as if". Symbolic and imaginary play is divided into two, playing the role of the macro when the children themselves play a role in accordance with the theme and the micro is when the child uses dolls to represent themselves or through a process of personification. This research kind is qualitative and the process of assessment is done during play. A qualitative study using observation method is the right method in research on playing process, which the process is more important than the results. Data were collected through natural observation. The subjects in macro symbolic and imaginary play were two girls age 5 and 6 years who play in a single episode  “mother and children”. The subjects in micro symbolic and imaginary play were two girls 5 years old and 5 months and was conducted in two episode.

This research showed that the symbolic and the imaginary play can reveal the background of the child. Themes that emerged at macro symbolic and imaginary play is the birthdays. The theme that emerged at micro symbolic and the imaginary play is about house situation, habits, hopes, family relationships, likes and dislikes.
Influence of Quality of Disclosure and Enviromental Performance Toward Companies Value in Manufacture and Mining Industries Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Miqdad Muhammad , Widiyanti Novi Wulandari -
Published: December 2018

This study aims to analyze the effect of quality disclosure and environmental performance on the value of companies in manufacturing and mining companies using the GRI G4 sustainability reporting guidelines. The sample in this study were 8 companies selected using purposive sampling technique. The research method used is quantitative with explanatory methods. The analysis technique used is using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that the variable quality of disclosure and environmental performance has no influence on the value of the company. Both variables show a significance value greater than 0.05 with a confident level of 95%.
Children in Conflict with the Law (Study in Correctional Center Medan)
Authors: . Marlina , Mulyadi Mahmud , . Nurmalawaty
Published: December 2018

Children are living beings who have limitations and need protection from others. Definition of a child in criminal law, a child in conflict with the law hereinafter referred to as a child who is 12 (twelve) years old, but not reach 18 (eighteen) years old who is suspected of committing a crime. In the United Kingdom children age from zero years to 18 years.[1] In the United States, namely New York and Vermont, someone who has not reached the age of 16 is still referred to a juvenile court.[2]  In Scotland the child is a person aged 7 years to 15 years old so that someone is tried in a juvenile justice. In South Australia children aged 8 years to 18 years old and in Canada someone is under 12 years old.[3] There are differences in understanding of children of each country, due to differences in social influences of child development, because the social and cultural and economic activities of each country are different. Even though things have an influence on the level of maturity of a child. It shows that social influences, social and cultural activities must be the concern of the government and society to prevent children from becoming delinquent. According to Nicholas McBala[4]  childhood is a period of life development, also a period of limited ability to harm others. Status and condition of children in Indonesia is paradoxical. Ideally, children are the heirs and progressors of the nation's future. In real terms, the situation of Indonesian children is still and continues to deteriorate. The world of children that should be colored by play activities, learning and developing their interests and talents for the future, the reality is colored by dark and sad data.[5] Children still and continue to deal with the law both as victims and as perpetrators. This condition requires special attention from all components of society and the government to protect and supervise the growth of Indonesian children. So that children are not faced with the law because of doing deviant actions. The direction of legal policy aims to make law a rule that provides protection for the rights of citizens and guarantees future life in the future.[6]
Los dos "pecados originales" de los gobiernos progresistas de Argentina y Brasil
Authors: Salama Pierre
Published: December 2018

Durante las presidencias de Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) y Cristina Kirchner (2007-2015) en Argentina, y de Lula (2003-2011) y Dilma Roussef (2011- 2016) en Brasil, ambos países mostraron tasas de crecimiento relativamente altas, los salarios reales aumentaron y la pobreza disminuyó. En Argentina, la dinámica económica se frenó en 2012 y Brasil entró en una crisis profunda en 2014. Estos fracasos se pueden explicar por dos “pecados originales”: el relajamiento de la restricción externa en Argentina y Brasil y la financiarización en Brasil. El primero generó una apreciación real de la moneda nacional frente al dólar no compensada por un aumento de la productividad del trabajo. El segundo se manifestó en un detrimento de la inversión industrial. Aunque estos efectos se habrían podido controlar su costo ha sido muy alto.
Política social y crecimiento económico en seis países Latinoamericanos, 1980-2010
Authors: Pulido Clarimar , Ustorgio Mora José
Published: December 2018

Este escrito analiza la hipótesis de convergencia y el impacto de las políticas sociales en el crecimiento económico de los seis países más grandes de América Latina entre 1980 y 2010. Los resultados indican que las políticas sociales han influido en el crecimiento económico de esos países. De manera más precisa, existen variables no observables (efectos fijos) que afectaron positivamente el crecimiento de Venezuela y Chile, y factores no observables que afectaron negativamente a Brasil y México. Se encontró, además, que la velocidad de convergencia disminuye cuando aumenta el nivel de ingresos, lo que podría indicar que estos países pueden estar convergiendo a sus estados estacionarios.
Aislamiento institucional de los entes de vigilancia y control de la profesión contable
Authors: Ruiz-Vargas Mario Antonio , Navarro-Morato Óscar Saúl
Published: December 2018

Este documento presenta los avances del proyecto Redes de corrupción contable, mediante el uso de la información disponible sobre sanciones y sentencias a contadores públicos en Colombia y aplicando técnicas de análisis de redes sociales, se muestra la poca interacción entre las instituciones encargadas de la vigilancia y el control de la profesión contable, así como de la persecución de los delitos financieros. Encontrando que en los casos en los que se evidencia articulación entre entidades están mediados por el carácter público (estatal) del afectado y por el peso mediático del caso, dejando de lado los casos de carácter privado y de poca cuantía — pequeñas causas—.
La imagen contable. Entre confianza y transparencia
Authors: Restrepo Quintero Katherine , Gómez Ceballos Daniel Felipe , Caro Arroyo José Miguel , Sosa Cardozo Jenny Marlene
Published: December 2018

Los escándalos empresariales y las crisis financieras han sido producto de la crisis de valores. En este contexto, se describe el papel que desempeña el contador en la construcción y mantenimiento de la confianza, la cual, se ha visto afectada por las acciones poco éticas desarrolladas en el mundo de los negocios. Por consiguiente, la imagen del contador da cuenta de los juicios sobre las profesiones que están sustentados sobre la base de los rumores, en vez de las responsabilidades que recaen sobre estos. Recalcando la importancia que juega la ética en la creación de confianza y la reputación del profesional.
Delitos contra la eficiencia de la administración pública ecuatoriana. Caso de estudio: Morona Santiago
Authors: López Jara Ana Alexandra
Published: December 2018

Los delitos contra la administración pública se han convertido en un tema de interés y análisis para las entidades de control gubernamental a fin de transparentar la eficiencia en la administración de los recursos públicos. En el Estado ecuatoriano, por una parte, la Contraloría General del Estado es el ente de control, quien mediante exámenes de auditoría evalúa la gestión financiera pública, y, por otra parte, la Fiscalía General del Estado es quien investiga y procesa judicialmente los delitos determinados por el ente de control. En este estudio se describen los principales delitos contra la administración pública investigados por la Fiscalía provincial de Morona Santiago desde enero del 2014 a junio del 2018.
Optimización de una ruta metabólica en Escherichia coli para la producción de farneseno mediante el uso de biología sintética
Authors: Garro-Monge Giovanni , García-Gómez David , Valerín-Berrocal Karla , Jiménez-Quesada Karol
Published: December 2018

La generación de compuestos de interés utilizando residuos orgánicos como materia prima resulta en una opción económica e industrialmente viable. Mediante el uso de biología sintética es posible rediseñar microorganismos capaces de utilizar estos residuos como fuentes de carbono en la producción de biocombustibles, vacunas, alcoholes, aceites y otros. La producción de farneseno y sus precursores se hace posible mediante la modificación de microorganismos tales como Escherichia coli insertando rutas metabólicas sintéticas capaces de generar estos compuestos de interés. Luego de estudiar, optimizar y sintetizar los genes que componen la ruta metabólica del mevalonato, la cual origina el farneseno, estos fueron ensamblados junto a una serie de promotores de la familia Anderson para transformar E. coli y generar E,E,-farneseno de forma sintética.
Estudio comparativo en el acceso a los servicios de agua potable entre Panamá y Costa Rica
Authors: Mora-Alvarado Darner A.
Published: December 2018

Se realizó un análisis comparativo sobre el acceso a los servicios de agua potable entre Panamá y Costa Rica, además de su relación con los indicadores de salud pública y desarrollo, con el propósito de identificar las fortalezas y debilidades que permitan definir metas a mediano y largo plazo. Para el año 2016, la República de Panamá alcanzó una cobertura con agua para consumo humano por cañería de 94,6%, de la cual se estima que el 74,6% fue de calidad potable, específicamente en el área urbana; sin embargo, se desconoce la calidad del agua suministrada por los 5.619 acueductos rurales, debido a que en estos no se aplica el Reglamento Técnico DGNTI-COPANIT 23-395-99. En el caso de Costa Rica y para el mismo periodo, se estima que el 97,6% de los 4.889.762 habitantes fueron abastecidos con agua por cañería, y el 91,8% recibió agua de calidad potable, distribuida en 98% en el área urbana y 78,8% en la rural. Los indicadores básicos de salud y desarrollo son mejores en Costa Rica, lo cual es concordante con la mayor cobertura de agua potable. En ambos países la rectoría es débil y fraccionada; en razón de esto, existen propuestas de políticas nacionales en agua potable, que buscan alcanzar la universalización del suministro de agua potable para el año 2030. Se propone elaborar políticas nacionales del subsector de agua potable, con sus respectivos planes de acción y modelos de evaluación y seguimiento, con el propósito de alcanzar la universalización de los servicios de agua potable en Panamá y Costa Rica en el año 2030.

Drinking water coverage; health indicators; potable; water supply; drinking-water.
WORKSHOPS IN EDUCATION: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES
Authors: Radić-Bojanić Biljana B. , Pop-Jovanov Danijela M.
Published: December 2018

In the educational context, the term ‘workshop’ refers to a type of educational programme generally designed for a group of people, in which the content is practical, specific to the needs, interests and affinities of the group, and which enables cooperation and mutual support among participants. Workshops usually consist of a series of specifically tailored activities represented in the form of an intensive interactive educational programme or training, varying in length and content. Workshops can vary widely in their explicit and implicit goals, as well as strategies, methods and techniques employed. The orientation of workshop, the results it is designed to achieve, its objectives and positioning are key aspects in distinguishing different types of workshops and that will be the focus of this paper along with the basic knowledge teachers are required to have in order to organize workshops in the 21st century educational context.
A estética da intolerância: extremismo político e arte no Brasil atual
Authors: Morais Argus Romero Abreu de
Published: December 2018

No presente trabalho, debateremos a relação entre arte e política na reação à Mostra Queermuseu. Partindo das contribuições de Pêcheux (2009), aproximaremos as investigações de Barros (2007), Eco (1995), Oz (2016) e Paxton (2007) sobre os conceitos de intolerância, fascismo universal, fanatismo e fascismo dos conceitos de ideologia em Hall (2007), de jogos de linguagem em Wittgenstein (2009), de ralé em Arendt (2012) e de direita política em Cruz (2015) para definir a categoria de extrema-direita brasileira na atualidade e sugerir a categoria de estética da intolerância. Para tanto, avaliaremos os textos de Júnior (2017) e de Santos (2017) e a moção de repúdio da Câmara de Vereadores de Uruguaiana à Exposição (CÂMARAMUNICIPAL, 2017).
Apresentação
Authors: Editorial Comitê
Published: December 2018

Temos o prazer de apresentar os artigos, as artes e a resenha que integram o número final de 2018 da revista Rua.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING FOR PEER-REVIEW IN RADIOLOGY
Authors: Morozov S. P. , Vladzimirskiy A. V. , Gombolevskiy V. A. , Kuz’mina E. S. , Ledikhova N. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective.To assess the importance of natural language processing (NLP) system for quality assurance of the radiological reports.

Material and methods.Multilateral analysis of chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reports based on a commercially available cognitive NLP system was performed. The applicability of artificial intelligence for discrepancy identification in the report body and conclusion (quantitative analysis) and radiologist adherence to the Lung-RADS guidelines (qualitative analysis) was evaluated.

Results.Quantitative analysis: in the 8.3% of cases LDCT reports contained discrepancies between text body and conclusion, i.e., lung nodule described only in body or conclusion. It carries potential risks and should be taken into account when performing a radiological study audit. Qualitative analysis: for the Lung-RADS 3 nodules, the recommended principles of patient management were used in 46%, for Lung-RADS 4A – in 42%, and for Lung-RADS 4B – in 49% of cases.

Conclusion.The consistency of NLP system within the framework of radiological study audit was 95–96%. The system is applicable for the radiological study audit, i.e. large-scale automated analysis of radiological reports and other medical documents.
When the Personal Vote Is Not Enough: The Failure of Charter Reform in Columbia, South Carolina
Authors: Cooper Christopher A. , Knotts H. Gibbs , Bourne H. James
Published: December 2018

The choice of city structure is one of the most important choices that citizens and elected representatives face in local government. While we know a good deal about the macro-level trends in a city structure, we know comparatively less about why residents in individual cities may opt for one structure or another. In this paper, we focus on the unsuccessful 2013 single-issue referendum in Columbia, South Carolina, addressing why, despite support from key players, the city chose not to adopt a strong-mayor form of government. Using precinct-level data, we find support for the personal vote hypothesis. We discover that support for the sitting mayor is a significant predictor of support for reform, although the lack of voter mobilization city-wide may be too much of a factor for reform advocates to overcome. This investigation leads us to a number of conclusions that are relevant for both academics and practitioners who want to understand structural change in local government.
They Pay People to Work Here? The Role of Volunteering on Nonprofit Career Awareness and Interest
Authors: Nelson Erin
Published: December 2018

Individuals have several possible points of introduction into the nonprofit sector, including parental socialization, volunteering, and academic engagement. However, little is known in regard to how individuals learn about the nonprofit sector as a place of employment and become interested in nonprofit careers. Individuals are often exposed to nonprofit “work” for the first time as a volunteer. This research examines the particular experiences nonprofit employees had prior to their entry into the sector that may have influenced their selection of a nonprofit career. Results of this mixed-methods inquiry indicate that volunteering is an important conduit, as it allows people to see that paid employment exists in the nonprofit sector and allows them to better understand the various career options and career trajectories available to them. Finally, this paper discusses the practical implications for nonprofit practitioners and academic advisors, and their roles in connecting service to career.
Little Bites of Big Data for Public Policy by Donald F. Kettl
Authors: Kim Junghack
Published: December 2018

Kettl, D. F. (2018). Little Bites of Big Data for Public Policy. Washington, DC: CQ Press. $26.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9781506383521
Inflation Propensity of Collatz Orbits: A New Proof-of-Work for Blockchain Applications
Authors: Bocart Fabian
Published: December 2018

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin rely on a proof-of-work system to validate transactions and prevent attacks or double-spending. A new proof-of-work is introduced which seems to be the first number theoretic proof-of-work unrelated to primes: it is based on a new metric associated to the Collatz algorithm whose natural generalization is algorithmically undecidable: the inflation propensity is defined as the cardinality of new maxima in a developing Collatz orbit. It is numerically verified that the distribution of inflation propensity slowly converges to a geometric distribution of parameter $0.714 \approx \frac{(\pi - 1)}{3}$ as the sample size increases. This pseudo-randomness opens the door to a new class of proofs-of-work based on congruential graphs.
Black Hole as Gravitational Hydrogen Atom by Rosen’s Quantization Approach
Authors: Corda Christian , Feleppa Fabiano
Published: December 2018

We apply Rosen’s approach to the quantization of the gravitational collapse in the simple case of a pressureless “star of dust” and we find the gravitational potential, the Schroedinger equation and the solution for the collapse’s energy levels without any approximation. By applying the constrains for a black hole (BH), we found the analogous quantum quantities and the BH mass spectrum, again without any approximation. Remarkably, such a mass spectrum is the same which was found by Beken- stein in 1974. Finally, our approach permits to find the exact quantum representation of the Schwarzschild BH ground state at the Planck scale.
RAD-ical New Insights into RAD51 Regulation
Authors: Sullivan Meghan R. , Bernstein Kara A.
Published: December 2018

Accurate repair of DNA is critical for genome stability and cancer prevention. DNA double-strand breaks are one of the most toxic lesions and can be repaired using homologous recombination (HR). HR is a high-fidelity DNA repair pathway that uses a homologous template for repair. One central HR step is RAD51 nucleoprotein filament formation on the single-stranded DNA ends, a step required for the homology search and strand invasion steps of HR. RAD51 filament formation is tightly controlled by many positive and negative regulators, collectively termed the RAD51 mediators. The RAD51 mediators function to nucleate, elongate, stabilize, and disassemble RAD51 during repair. In model organisms, RAD51 paralogs are RAD51 mediator proteins that structurally resemble RAD51 and promote its HR activity. New functions for the RAD51 paralogs during replication and in RAD51 filament flexibility have recently been uncovered. Mutations in the human RAD51 paralogs (RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, XRCC3, and SWSAP1) are found in a subset of breast and ovarian cancers. Despite their discovery three decades ago, few advances have been made in understanding the function of the human RAD51 paralogs. Here we discuss the current perspective on the RAD51 paralogs in vivo and in vitro function and their relationship with cancer in vertebrate models.
An Animal Model to Assess the Effects of Hydroxyurea Exposure Suggests That the Administration of This Agent to Pregnant Women and Young Infants May Not Be as Safe as We Thought
Authors: Rodríguez-Vázquez Lucía , Martí Joaquín
Published: December 2018

The cytostatic agent hydroxyurea (HU) has proven to be beneficial for a variety of conditions in the disciplines of oncology, hematology, infectious disease and dermatology. It disrupts the S-phase of the cell cycle by inhibiting the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, thus blocking the transformation of ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides, a rate limiting step in DNA synthesis. HU is listed as an essential medicine by the World Health Organization. Several studies have indicated that HU is well tolerated and safe in pregnant women and very young pediatric patients. To our knowledge, only a few controlled studies about the adverse effects of HU therapy have been done in humans. Despite this, the prevalence of central nervous system abnormalities, including ischemic lesions and stenosis have been reported. This review will summarize and present the effects of HU-exposure on the prenatal and perinatal development of the rat cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons. Our results call for the necessity to better understand HU effects and define the administration of this drug to gestating women and young pediatric patients.
Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning Cotton Fabrics Coated by Cu2(OH)PO4 under Vis/NIR Irradiation
Authors: Gao Dawei , Wang Lili , Wang Chunxia , Chen Tan
Published: December 2018

In the present work, we designed a mild strategy to make Cu2(OH)PO4 (CHP) nanoparticles on cotton fabrics (CFs) to achieve multi-functionalities. The phytic acid (IP6) assisted method was employed to synthesize nanoparticles (CHP-IP6). Under Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), we characterized the coated cotton fabrics. The CHP-IP6 treated fabrics showed prominent photocatalytic activity, excellent photocatalytic stability and thorough discoloration of methylene blue (MB) stain under sunlight irradiation.
Vacuum Condensate Picture of Quantum Gravity
Authors: Hamber Herbert W.
Published: December 2018

In quantum gravity perturbation theory in Newton's constant $G$ is known to be badly divergent, and as a result not very useful. Nevertheless, some of the most interesting phenomena in physics are often associated with non-analytic behavior in the coupling constant and the existence of nontrivial quantum condensates. It is therefore possible that pathologies encountered in the case of gravity are more likely the result of inadequate analytical treatment, and not necessarily a reflection of some intrinsic insurmountable problem. The nonperturbative treatment of quantum gravity via the Regge-Wheeler lattice path integral formulation reveals the existence of a new phase involving a nontrivial gravitational vacuum condensate, and a new set of scaling exponents characterizing both the running of $G$ and the long-distance behavior of invariant correlation functions. The appearance of such a gravitational condensate is viewed as analogous to the (equally nonperturbative) gluon and chiral condensates known to describe the physical vacuum of QCD. The resulting quantum theory of gravity is highly constrained, and its physical predictions are found to depend only on one adjustable parameter, a genuinely nonperturbative scale $\xi$ in many ways analogous to the scaling violation parameter $\Lambda_{\bar MS} $ of QCD. Recent results point to significant deviations from classical gravity on distance scales approaching the effective infrared cutoff set by the observed cosmological constant. Such subtle quantum effects are expected to be initially small on current cosmological scales, but could become detectable in future high precision satellite experiments.
Efficient Erbium-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition: Regioselective Synthesis of 1,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles
Authors: Maiuolo Loredana , Russo Beatrice , Algieri Vincenzo , Nardi Monica , Di Gioia Maria Luisa , Tallarida Matteo Antonio , De Nino Antonio
Published: December 2018

A simple procedure to obtain 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles, using the catalytic system erbium(III) triﬂuoromethanesulfonate, 1-methyl pyridinium triﬂuoromethanesulfonate and water is described. The reaction proceeds through an eliminative azide–olefin cycloaddition (EAOC) offering a highly regioselective approach and good yields (81–94%). The advantages of this method include simple operations of work-up and the ability of the catalytic system to be re-used five times without an evident loss in yield.
Coastal Subsidence Induced Several Tsunamis During the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake
Authors: Arikawa Taro , Muhari Abdul , Okumura Yoshihiro , Dohi Yuji , Afriyanto Bagus , Sujatmiko Karina Aprilia , Imamura Fumihiko ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan,   Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Kansai University, Osaka, Japan,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Ibaraki, Japan,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, West Java, Indonesia,   International Research Institute of Disaster Sciences (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
Published: December 2018

The height of the tsunami caused by the Sulawesi earthquake in 2018 was higher than that estimated from the magnitude of the earthquake, and its cause is not well understood. Although it is conceivable that tsunamis originated from landslides in several cases, it is not known whether landslides were occurring in the coastal area at the time. This report describes the results of a field survey conducted to investigate the traces of subsidence and the characteristics of the tsunami incidents in the bay far from the epicenter. Subsidence was observed at a minimum of seven points along the coast; in accord with the reports of eyewitnesses, this suggests that subsidence might have generated tsunamis.
“Leave It All Behind”: The Role of Mental Demands and Mental Detachment in Relation to Dance Students’ Health and Well-Being
Authors: Balk Yannick A , de Jonge Jan , van Rijn Rogier , Stubbe Janine
Published: December 2018

AIMS: Adequate physical and mental (i.e., cognitive and emotional) recovery is essential for dancers’ health and well-being. However, studies investigating the role of mental demands and recovery in dance are scarce. A potentially effective mental recovery strategy is detachment
from dance, which refers to the absence of performance-related thoughts, emotions, and feelings during time away from dance. The first aim of this study was to investigate the relation between 1) cognitive and emotional demands in dance and 2) health and well-being of dance students. The second
aim was to examine whether the recovery strategy of mental detachment moderated the relation between cognitive and emotional demands and dancers’ health and well-being. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 80 full-time dance students enrolled in a bachelor’s
degree in either dance (n=45) or dance teacher (n=35). Dependent variables were health problems, concentration difficulties, and positive affect. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that cognitive demands and cognitive detachment were not associated with dance students’
health and well-being. In contrast, emotional demands were negatively related to positive affect and positively related to concentration difficulties. Emotional detachment was positively related to positive affect and negatively related to health problems. Moreover, emotional detachment moderated
(i.e., buffered) the negative relation between emotional demands and positive affect. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of considering emotional aspects of effort and recovery in dance. It is recommended that dance students consider ways to emotionally distance themselves
from negative dance-related emotions and feelings during their free time.
Recognizing and Managing Snapping Hip Syndrome in Dancers
Authors: Nolton Esther C , Ambegaonkar Jatin P
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Snapping hip syndrome (SHS) is a common hip pathology in dancers. SHS can be either internal or external, resulting from muscle tendon tightness from repetitive hip flexion and extension, accompanied with hip abduction and/or external rotation. Muscular tightness may cause
the tendon to become taut and snap over a bony prominence during hip movement, leading to muscular weakness and reduced range of motion from pain. Because SHS is poorly identified and can present similarly to other hip pathologies, many SHS incidences are underreported or misdiagnosed. Though
SHS can begin as a harmless popping sensation, pain can become severe enough to limit dancers’ activities and potentially result in the development of concomitant issues. EVALUATION: Physical examination for snapping hip includes moving the hip from flexion, abduction, and external rotation
(FABER) into extension, adduction, and rotated to a neutral position. Dynamic ultrasound can also be used to study SHS, as using this method allows clinicians to observe the snapping tendon in real-time. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging may serve to rule out other differential diagnoses.
MANAGEMENT: Conservative management through rehabilitative therapy is the standard for initial management. In severe cases, arthroscopic intervention may be useful in releasing tension in the pathological tendon. Active rest with training modifications should be attempted to mitigate further
injury. CONCLUSION: Early and comprehensive examination and management can help to reduce SHS risk and potentially decrease the ability of this debilitating condition to derail a dancer’s career.