bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fully Collaborative, Noteless Electronic Medical Record Designed to Minimize Information Chaos: Software Design and Feasibility Study
Authors: Steinkamp Jackson , Sharma Abhinav , Bala Wasif , Kantrowitz Jacob J
Published: September 2021

Background

Clinicians spend large amounts of their workday using electronic medical records (EMRs). Poorly designed documentation systems contribute to the proliferation of out-of-date information, increased time spent on medical records, clinician burnout, and medical errors. Beyond software interfaces, examining the underlying paradigms and organizational structures for clinical information may provide insights into ways to improve documentation systems. In particular, our attachment to the note as the major organizational unit for storing unstructured medical data may be a cause of many of the problems with modern clinical documentation. Notes, as currently understood, systematically incentivize information duplication and information scattering, both within a single clinician’s notes over time and across multiple clinicians’ notes. Therefore, it is worthwhile to explore alternative paradigms for unstructured data organization.

Objective

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of building an EMR that does not use notes as the core organizational unit for unstructured data and which is designed specifically to disincentivize information duplication and information scattering.

Methods

We used specific design principles to minimize the incentive for users to duplicate and scatter information. By default, the majority of a patient’s medical history remains the same over time, so users should not have to redocument that information. Clinicians on different teams or services mostly share the same medical information, so all data should be collaboratively shared across teams and services (while still allowing for disagreement and nuance). In all cases where a clinician must state that information has remained the same, they should be able to attest to the information without redocumenting it. We designed and built a web-based EMR based on these design principles.

Results

We built a medical documentation system that does not use notes and instead treats the chart as a single, dynamically updating, and fully collaborative workspace. All information is organized by clinical topic or problem. Version history functionality is used to enable granular tracking of changes over time. Our system is highly customizable to individual workflows and enables each individual user to decide which data should be structured and which should be unstructured, enabling individuals to leverage the advantages of structured templating and clinical decision support as desired without requiring programming knowledge. The system is designed to facilitate real-time, fully collaborative documentation and communication among multiple clinicians.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the feasibility of building a non–note-based, fully collaborative EMR system. Our attachment to the note as the only possible atomic unit of unstructured medical data should be reevaluated, and alternative models should be considered.
Evaluating Outcomes of a Social Media–Based Peer and Clinician-Supported Smoking Cessation Program in Preventing Smoking Relapse: Mixed Methods Case Study
Authors: Isse Naohi , Tachibana Yuki , Kinoshita Makiko , Fetters Michael D
Published: September 2021

Background

Smoking relapse prevention after completion of a smoking cessation program is highly germane to reducing smoking rates.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 1-year outcomes of a social media–based and peer and clinician-supported smoking cessation program on Facebook and examine communication patterns that could support smoking cessation and identify risk of relapse.

Methods

We used a mixed methods case study evaluation approach featuring a single-case holistic design. We recruited volunteers who signed up after successful completion of a 12-week clinical smoking cessation program in a general medicine department in Japan. Participants contemporaneously accessed a closed Facebook page, and we analyzed their posts including text and emoticons. We used joint display analysis, which involved iterative structuring and restructuring construct-specific tables with both types of data to find the most effective approach for integrating the quantitative results with the qualitative results of content analysis.

Results

One successful participant and 2 relapsed participants were analyzed to explore the specific patterns of postings prior to relapse. Decisive comments about quitting smoking were common among participants, but encouraging messages for peers were more common from the successful participant. Comments seeking social support and reassurance were warning signs of relapse. Conflicted comments also may be a warning sign of relapse risk.

Conclusions

These findings based on a mixed methods case study of a social media platform supporting smoking cessation could be used to guide messaging in other online social networking service communities after a smoking cessation program to help reduce smoking relapse.

Trial Registration

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000031172; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000035595
A Neural Network Approach for Understanding Patient Experiences of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Retrospective, Cross-sectional Study of Social Media Content
Authors: Freeman Tobe Che Benjamin , Rodriguez-Esteban Raul , Gottowik Juergen , Yang Xing , Erpenbeck Veit Johannes , Leddin Mathias
Published: September 2021

Background

The abundance of online content contributed by patients is a rich source of insight about the lived experience of disease. Patients share disease experiences with other members of the patient and caregiver community and do so using their own lexicon of words and phrases. This lexicon and the topics that are communicated using words and phrases belonging to the lexicon help us better understand disease burden. Insights from social media may ultimately guide clinical development in ways that ensure that future treatments are fit for purpose from the patient’s perspective.

Objective

We sought insights into the patient experience of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by analyzing a substantial corpus of social media content. The corpus was sufficiently large to make manual review and manual coding all but impossible to perform in a consistent and systematic fashion. Advanced analytics were applied to the corpus content in the search for associations between symptoms and impacts across the entire text corpus.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 5663 posts sourced from open blogs and online forum posts published by COPD patients between February 2016 and August 2019. We applied a novel neural network approach to identify a lexicon of community words and phrases used by patients to describe their symptoms. We used this lexicon to explore the relationship between COPD symptoms and disease-related impacts.

Results

We identified a diverse lexicon of community words and phrases for COPD symptoms, including gasping, wheezy, mucus-y, and muck. These symptoms were mentioned in association with specific words and phrases for disease impact such as frightening, breathing discomfort, and difficulty exercising. Furthermore, we found an association between mucus hypersecretion and moderate disease severity, which distinguished mucus from the other main COPD symptoms, namely breathlessness and cough.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the potential of neural networks and advanced analytics to gain patient-focused insights about how each distinct COPD symptom contributes to the burden of chronic and acute respiratory illness. Using a neural network approach, we identified words and phrases for COPD symptoms that were specific to the patient community. Identifying patterns in the association between symptoms and impacts deepened our understanding of the patient experience of COPD. This approach can be readily applied to other disease areas.
Sensitivity Treatments for Teeth with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mendonça Fernanda L , Regnault Fabiana Giuseppina Di Campli , Di Leone Camilla C L , Grizzo Isabella C , Bisaia Aliny , Fragelli Camila , Oliveira Thais M , Magalhães Ana C , Rios Daniela
Published: September 2021

Background

The sensitivity of teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) can affect children’s quality of life and is a challenging problem for dentists. Remineralizing agents such as sodium fluoride varnish seem to reduce the sensitivity of teeth with MIH, but long-term clinical trials with large samples are still needed for more evidence about its effectiveness as a desensitizing agent before its clinical recommendation.

Objective

This randomized clinical trial aims to compare three treatment interventions for teeth with MIH and hypersensitivity.

Methods

A total of 60 children aged 6-10 years presenting with at least one first permanent molar with sensitivity and no loss of enamel will be randomly assigned to three groups: the control group (sodium fluoride varnish; Duraphat, Colgate); experimental group I (4% titanium tetrafluoride varnish); and experimental group II (a coating resin containing surface prereacted glass-ionomer filler; PRG Barrier Coat, Shofu). The sodium fluoride varnish and 4% titanium tetrafluoride varnish will be applied once per week for 4 consecutive weeks and the PRG Barrier Coat resin will be applied in the first session and the application will be simulated the following 3 weeks to guarantee the blinding of the study. The primary outcome will be sensitivity level measured at different moments (before each material application, immediately after application or simulation, and 1, 2, 4, and 6 months after the last application/simulation) by one examiner using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, the Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale, and the FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale. As secondary outcomes, parental satisfaction and child self-reported discomfort after the treatment will be measured with a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The data will undergo statistical analysis and the significance level will be set at 5%.

Results

The project was funded in 2018, and enrollment was completed in November 2019. The recruitment of participants is currently underway and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2022.

Conclusions

If found effective in reducing the patient’s sensitivity long term, these agents can be considered as a treatment choice, and the findings will contribute to the development of a treatment protocol for teeth with sensitivity due to MIH.

Trial Registration

Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials Universal Trial Number U1111-1237-6720; https://tinyurl.com/mr4x82k9

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/27843
Evaluation of a Digital Handheld Hydrogen Breath Monitor to Diagnose Lactose Malabsorption: Interventional Crossover Study
Authors: Mathews Simon C , Templeton Sandy , Taylor Stephanie K , Harris Sten , Stewart Margaret , Raja Shruti M
Published: September 2021

Background

Lactose malabsorption is a common condition that affects a broad segment of the population. Clinical diagnosis based on symptom recall can be unreliable and conventional testing can be inconvenient, requiring expensive laboratory-based equipment and conduction of the testing in a clinical setting.

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the performance of a digital handheld hydrogen breath monitor (GIMate) in diagnosing lactose malabsorption compared to a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–cleared device (H2 Check) for the same indication.

Methods

An interventional crossover study was performed in adult participants with a prior confirmed diagnosis of lactose malabsorption or a suspected history of lactose intolerance.

Results

A total of 31 participants (mean age 33.9 years) were enrolled in the study. There was 100% positive percent agreement and 100% negative percent agreement between the GIMate monitor and the H2 Check. Correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and hydrogen values was positive at 0.82 (P<.001).

Conclusions

The digital handheld GIMate breath monitor achieved equivalent diagnostic performance to that of an FDA-cleared device in the diagnosis of lactose malabsorption.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04754724; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04754724
Evaluating the influence of hematocrit: comparison of three POCT devices pursuant to ISO 15197 guidelines. (Preprint)
Authors: Kenning Matthes , Puchert Anselm , Salzsieder Eckhard
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Maintaining normal blood glucose levels in diabetes therapy is fundamentally linked to precise and accurate blood glucose measurements. In the light of interfering quantities like various substances or hematocrit, these aspects are of utmost clinical importance within a standardized validation of blood glucose monitors for personal use as well as a continuous quality assessment.

OBJECTIVE

Continuous and independent quality assurance of aspects affecting a blood glucose monitoring system’s performance.

METHODS

The influence of the hematocrit on the performance of three blood glucose monitors was assessed in accordance with ISO 15197 and sponsor’s requirements.

RESULTS

Only one device showed acceptable deviations of ≤ 10 mg/dL / 10 % to the reference device across the entire range. The other devices showed minor to clinically relevant interferences, particularly in response to higher hematocrit values.

CONCLUSIONS

Suitable BGM systems should be selected carefully by health care professionals and patients, especially with medical conditions known to interfere with blood glucose measurements.
Influence of Factors Relating to Sex and Gender on Rank List Decisions and Perceptions of Residency Training: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gibney Ryan , Cantwell Christina , Wray Alisa , Boysen-Osborn Megan , Wiechmann Warren , Saadat Soheil , Smart Jonathan , Toohey Shannon
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Females make up more than half of medical school matriculants but only one-third of emergency medicine (EM) residents. Various factors may contribute to why fewer females choose the field of EM, such as the existing presence of females in the specialty.

OBJECTIVE

This study is a follow-up to previous work, and a survey is used to assess current residents’ attitudes and perceptions on various factors, including those relating to sex and gender on creating rank lists as medical students and in perceived effects on residency education.

METHODS

A web-based survey consisting of Likert scale questions regarding a variety of factors influencing a student’s decision to create a rank list and in perceived effects on residency education was sent to current EM residents in 2020.

RESULTS

Residents from 17 programs participated in the survey with an 18.2% (138/758) response rate. The most important factors in creating a rank list were the personality of residents in the program, location, and facility type. For factors specifically related to gender, respondents who answered affirmatively to whether the gender composition of residents affected the selection of a program in making a rank list were more likely to also answer affirmatively to subsequent questions related to the gender of program leadership (P<.001) and gender composition of attending physicians (P<.001). The personality of residents was also the most important factor perceived to affect residency education. For factors influencing rank list and residency education, female respondents placed higher importance on subcategories related to gender (ie, gender composition of the residents, of the program leadership, and of the attending physicians) to a significant degree compared with their male counterparts.

CONCLUSIONS

Although factors such as location and resident personality show the most importance in influencing residency selection, when stratifying based on respondent sex, females tend to indicate that factors relating to gender have more influence on rank list and residency education compared with males.
Co-Development of a Web-Based Hub (eSocial-hub) to Combat Social Isolation and Loneliness in Francophone and Anglophone Older People in the Linguistic Minority Context (Quebec, Manitoba, and New Brunswick): Protocol for a Mixed Methods Interventional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Beogo Idrissa
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely hit Canadian nursing facilities (81% of deaths). To this toll, public health measures (eg, visitation restriction) have subsequently deepened the social isolation and loneliness of residents in nursing facilities (NFs), especially those in linguistic minority settings: Anglophone institutions in Quebec and Francophone institutions outside Quebec. However, very few COVID-19 initiatives targeting these populations specifically have been documented. Given the limited number of NFs serving linguistic minorities in Canadian populations, families and loved ones often live far from these facilities, sometimes even in other provinces. This context places the digital solutions as particularly relevant for the present COVID-19 pandemic as well as in the post–COVID-19 era.

OBJECTIVE

This project aims to co-develop a virtual community of practice through a web-based platform (eSocial-hub) to combat social isolation and loneliness among the older people in linguistic minority settings in Canada.

METHODS

An interventional study using a sequential mixed methods design will be conducted. Four purposely selected NFs will be included, 2 among facilities in Manitoba and 2 in New Brunswick; and 2 Anglophone NFs in Quebec will serve as knowledge users. The development of eSocial-hub will include an experimental 4-month phase involving the following end users: (1) older people (n=3 per NF), (2) families of the participating older people (n=3 per NF), and (3) frontline staff (nurse and health care aid; n=2 per NF).

RESULTS

Activities and solutions aiming at reducing social isolation and loneliness will be implemented and then evaluated with the project stakeholders, and the best practices generated. The assessment will be conducted using indicators derived from the 5 domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The project will be led by an interdisciplinary team and will involve a multisectoral partnership.

CONCLUSIONS

The project will develop a promising and generalizable solution that uses virtual technology to help reduce social isolation and loneliness among the older people.
Usage and Usability of a National e-Library for Chemotherapy Regimens: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Fyhr AnnSofie , Persson Johanna , Ek Åsa
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Accurate information about chemotherapy drugs and regimens is needed to reduce chemotherapy errors. A national e-library, as a common knowledge source with standardized chemotherapy nomenclature and content, was developed. Since the information in the library is both complex and extensive, it is central that the users can use the resource as intended.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usage and usability of an extensive e-library for chemotherapy regimens developed to reduce medication errors, support the health care staff in their work, and increase patient safety.

METHODS

To obtain a comprehensive evaluation, a mixed methods study was performed for a broad view of the usage, including a compilation of subjective views of the users (web survey, spontaneous user feedback, and qualitative interviews), analysis of statistics from the website, and an expert evaluation of the usability of the webpage.

RESULTS

Statistics from the website show an average of just over 2500 visits and 870 unique visitors per month. Most visits took place Mondays to Fridays, but there were 5-10 visits per day on weekends. The web survey, with 292 answers, shows that the visitors were mainly physicians and nurses. Almost 80% (224/292) of respondents searched for regimens and 90% (264/292) found what they were looking for and were satisfied with their visit. The expert evaluation shows that the e-library follows many existing design principles, thus providing some useful improvement suggestions. A total of 86 emails were received in 2020 with user feedback, most of which were from nurses. The main part (78%, 67/86) contained a question, and the rest had discovered errors mainly in some regimen. The interviews reveal that most hospitals use a computerized physician order entry system, and they use the e-library in various ways, import XML files, transfer information, or use it as a reference. One hospital without a system uses the administration schedules from the library.

CONCLUSIONS

The user evaluation indicates that the e-library is used in the intended manner and that the users can interact without problems. Users have different needs depending on their profession and their workplace, and these can be supported. The combination of methods applied ensures that the design and content comply with the users’ needs and serves as feedback for continuous design and learning. With a broad national usage, the e-library can become a source for organizational and national learning and a source for continuous improvement of cancer care in Sweden.
La simulación computarizada, herramienta didáctica para el desarrollo de habilidades en la valoración del bienestar materno-fetal
Authors: Posada-Morales M.N. , Muñoz-Astudillo M.N. , Durán-Ospina P. , Ramírez-Moncayo D.F.
Published: September 2021

Introducción: Las tecnologías de información y comunicación están incorporadas a la práctica docente en enfermería materno-perinatal e implican un reto permanente en generación de herramientas didácticas para facilitar el desarrollo de habilidades en la valoración del bienestar materno-fetal. Con fundamento en la teoría del aprendizaje experiencial de David Kolb y en la filosofía de principiante a experto de Patricia Benner se planteó como objetivo diseñar e implementar un simulador computarizado de fidelidad media para reforzar el aprendizaje en la interpretación del trazado toco-cardiográfico.

Desarrollo: Proyecto de desarrollo tecnológico en tres fases: 1. Conformación del equipo de diseño necesario para trabajar requerimientos funcionales y presentación del simulador, 2. Fundamentación pedagógico-didáctica disciplinar y metodológica para implementar requerimientos científico-técnicos, 3. Creación del simulador computacional con funciones de aprendizaje, evaluación para estudiantes y docentes; tutoriales, e interfaz al servidor institucional.

Se creó e implementó un simulador computacional con grado de maduración TRL6 que logró reproducir el círculo de aprendizaje consistente en: Experiencia concreta, Observación reflexiva, Conceptualización abstracta y Experimentación activa; componentes relacionados con un proceso complejo de retroalimentación permanente y repetición, hasta aprender a valorar el bienestar materno-fetal a partir de la interpretación del trazado toco-cardiográfico asociado a la situación clínica. La evaluación cualitativa de la experiencia mostró adecuada usabilidad del simulador.

Conclusiones: La simulación computarizada constituye una valiosa herramienta didáctica, un entorno de aprendizaje que logra integrar dimensiones pedagógicas, conceptuales, disciplinares y tecnológicas, pero el cual requiere la presencia del docente quien direcciona la experiencia para garantizar el aprendizaje.
Percepciones de los egresados de enfermería sobre las competencias adquiridas para enfrentar el mundo laboral
Authors: Venegas-Mares C.I. , Reynaga-Ornelas L. , Luna-Lara M.G. , Díaz-García N.Y. , Ruiz-García L.K.
Published: September 2021

Introducción: El dominio de las competencias del perfil de egreso del Licenciado en Enfermería y Obstetricia significa un reto para los comités de diseño curricular de acuerdo con las demandas laborales.
Objetivo: Explorar las percepciones de los egresados respecto a las competencias adquiridas durante sus experiencias de formación.
Métodos: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. Ocho participantes fueron seleccionados por muestreo de casos típicos para entrevista semiestructurada en profundidad. Tras la transcripción de las audio-grabaciones, los datos fueron analizados, codificados y categorizados con apoyo del software ATLAS.ti versión 7.5.
Resultados: Se identificaron 11 categorías relacionadas con las competencias del perfil de egreso: 1) autocuidado; 2) estilo de vida; 3) conocimiento; 4) cuidado integral; 5) fundamentos y metodologías; 6) conocimiento científico; 7) método científico; 8) administración; 9) habilidades de gestión; 10) capacitación y; 11) desarrollo profesional. Se estableciero cuatro categorías emergentes: educación y enseñanza, etapas de la vida, práctica clínica y práctica preventiva.
Discusión: No se encontraron estudios similares. Los hallazgos desde la fenomenología aportan testimonios diversos de las percepciones del egresado sobre su propia preparación para el trabajo profesional de acuerdo con la experiencia de formación.
Conclusiones: Los egresados se perciben preparados para el mundo laboral. Sus fortalezas son las competencias relacionadas con la aplicación del proceso de enfermería, cuidado integral de la persona y capacidad de liderazgo. Las relacionadas con metodología de la investigación, epidemiología y dominio del inglés se perciben deficientes. Estos hallazgos posibilitan la detección de oportunidades de mejora curricular, logística e integración del equipo de profesores/tutores adecuado.
El estatuto de responsabilidad civil en los Convenios de Ginebra y su aplicación por los tribunales de justicia chilenos
Authors: Díaz Tolosa Regina Ingrid
Published: September 2021

Este artículo examina la discusión sobre la prescripción de las acciones civiles reparatorias en casos de crímenes de lesa humanidad, y en especial la interpretación de los jueces chilenos al aplicar los Convenios de Ginebra de 1949. Conforme a cánones de interpretación del derecho internacional, se considera como principio básico la reparación integral de las víctimas (o sus familiares) de violaciones a la dignidad humana; por tanto, la imprescriptibilidad de estos crímenes es aplicable no sólo tratándose de responsabilidad penal, sino también de la civil.
Trabajadores inmersos en procesos de subcontratación transnacional: ¿qué protección desde el plano internacional?
Authors: Fernández Prol Francisca , Fernández Sánchez Sonia
Published: September 2021

La proyección a nivel internacional de las estrategias empresariales de subcontratación plantea numerosos y destacados retos en términos de protección de los trabajadores. La proliferación de cadenas mundiales de suministro cuyos últimos eslabones se hallan en Estados en vía de desarrollo exige respuestas de carácter internacional que colmen las carencias de normativas internas, laborales y sociales, aun embrionarias. Respuestas a modo de normas internacionales o herramientas de softlaw —señaladamente, de la OIT— o de instrumentos privados —códigos de conducta o de buenas prácticas— o con implicación de interlocutores sociales —acuerdos marco internacionales—. Habida cuenta de las limitaciones intrínsecas de los derechos internos —cuyo ámbito de aplicación se circunscribe al territorio del Estado correspondiente—, se procede a la ponderación de la eficacia de dichos instrumentos internacionales —heterónomos y autónomos— a efectos de reconocimiento y garantía de derechos laborales básicos a los trabajadores que se hallan en la periferia del proceso productivo, a menudo en Estados carentes de sistemas reguladores y de control mínimamente solventes.
La protección penal de los sentimientos religiosos: el caso español
Authors: González Uriel Daniel
Published: September 2021

En el presente estudio se analiza la regulación penal española sobre protección de los sentimientos religiosos, así como las críticas que se han efectuado a su mantenimiento. Se hace una valoración del derecho comparado europeo, atendiendo a los ordenamientos alemán, italiano, portugués y francés, y se constata que la protección de tales sentimientos es la regla general. Además, se parte del marco de relaciones entre el Estado y las confesiones religiosas, se comparan los diferentes sistemas y se llega a la conclusión de que en España existe un sistema de laicidad positiva. En último término se estudia si las ofensas pueden ser constitutivas de delito, si los sentimientos son susceptibles de tutela penal, y si es legítimo proteger penalmente los sentimientos religiosos. Además, se responde a las críticas al Código Penal español en esta materia y se propone de lege ferenda la restricción del artículo 525 del Código Penal.
Control y calidad de la ley. Análisis de los mecanismos de control de la calidad legislativa y su aplicación en Colombia
Authors: Celemín Caicedo Yenny Andrea , Fuentes-Contreras Édgar Hernán
Published: September 2021

El artículo identifica la deficiencia de los productos legislativos como una de las principales manifestaciones de la llamada crisis de la representación política. A partir de un análisis sobre la escasa atención por parte de la literatura académica frente a esta pro-blemática, el trabajo realiza una revisión de algunos de los mecanismos de control existentes en el diseño institucional colombiano para el examen de la calidad de los productos legislati-vos. Así, en este trabajo se argumenta que estos mecanismos de control son insuficientes para evaluar la racionalidad y la calidad de las medidas adoptadas por el legislador en la solución de los problemas sociales, mientras que tampoco contribuyen a reducir la discrecionalidad en las posibilidades de adopción de decisiones por parte del órgano legislativo. En tres acá-pites, iniciando con una metodología explorativa respecto a las temáticas de calidad legislati-va y los mecanismos de control de ésta, y después una recolección de la normativa colom-biana, incluyendo las respectivas providencias judiciales de la Corte Constitucional, dará una visión crítica sobre la temática abordada y valorará la necesidad la adopción de mecanismos alternativos para sustentar el valor de la legislación nacional.
Aspectos da formação jurídica do Estado brasileiro
Authors: Cunha Savino Filó Maurício da
Published: September 2021

En este artículo, el objetivo es revisar la formación del Estado y del derecho público brasileño, para responder a la pregunta de conocer su matriz jurídica. El análisis de los textos constitucionales se realizó en dos capítulos, uno dedicado al Brasil imperio y otro al Brasil republicano, sin entrar al texto constitucional de 1988. El método utilizado en el enfoque fue el descriptivo-sistemático, utilizando el procedimiento analítico de descomposición de un Problemática jurídica en sus diversos aspectos, relaciones y niveles, involucrando la investigación en disposiciones legales constitucionales e infraconstitucionales. El método de interpretación jurídica fue el tema sistemático. Se concluye, en líneas generales, que en el Imperio brasileño se utilizó abundante materia prima del derecho público romano, siendo que, en la transposición al periodo republicano, hubo un gran revuelo sobre cómo organizar los poderes del Estado, comprobado por las injerencias y solapamientos de sus instituciones.
The 1988 Brazilian Constitution and its Country Project: is There Still Room to Dream
Authors: Firmino Santiago Marcus
Published: September 2021

En 1988, Brasil promulgó su nueva Constitución, que representaba el acto final de la larga transición democrática iniciada una década antes. En ese momento, contrario a la tendencia dominante en el Occidente capitalista, se hizo un compromiso con el bienestar social, enfocándose en la acción estatal y en la expansión de la participación democrática como formas de superar una larga historia de desigualdad y exclusión. Las promesas constitucionales, sin embargo, no se han cumplido plenamente. El país enfrentó largos períodos de graves dificultades financieras que limitaron la capacidad de los gobiernos para actuar. Al mismo tiempo, las fuerzas conservadoras resistieron continuamente, buscando vaciar el proyecto estatal prometido en 1988. A pesar de las dificultades, la sociedad ha experimentado grandes avances, sin embargo, la ruptura soñada con una realidad de pobreza y exclusión no sucedió. Y hoy, ante un escenario de recesión económica mundial y extrema fragilidad financiera del Estado, hay voces crecientes que defienden el abandono de los valores constitucionales, apostando en los mercados como una forma de superar las dificultades actuales.
The Interaction between Convergent and Divergent Approaches of Global Law in the Field of Business and Human Rights
Authors: Sánchez González Alejandro
Published: September 2021

Las nociones convergentes buscan contrarrestar la diferencia tratando al derecho global como un acuerdo colectivo implementado por arreglos jerárquicos. Por el contrario, las concepciones divergentes buscan gestionar la diferencia a través de la coordinación de distintos órdenes normativos. Existe un amplio debate sobre las discrepancias entre estos enfoques, pero poco se ha dicho sobre sus afinidades. Así, el propósito de este texto es analizar ambas visiones, utilizando el campo de las empresas y los derechos humanos como caso de estudio. Al hacerlo, demostraremos que las nociones convergentes y divergentes son compatibles y capaces de interactuar en beneficio recíproco, estableciendo relaciones de aprendizaje, man-teniendo sus propias condiciones de existencia y colaborando en conjunto para el logro de objetivos comunes.
Derecho internacional penal o derecho penal internacional: una discusión ociosa, a la luz de los principios establecidos en el Estatuto de Roma
Authors: Velázquez Elizarrarás Juan Carlos
Published: September 2021

En el siglo XXI se habla con mayor propiedad, claridad y fundamento de la existencia plena del derecho internacional penal (DIP) como resultado de un doble proceso: la internacionalización del derecho penal y la penalización o criminalización del derecho internacional. Hoy se le concibe como una rama especializada del derecho internacional público, que paulatinamente ha ido evolucionando hasta llegar a su institucionalización, haciendo posible su formulación precisa y sistematización toda vez que cuenta con precedente, práctica amplia y doctrina (requisitos básicos para su codificación). En el presente artículo comparto algunas reflexiones analítico-críticas en torno a su contenido específico y diferenciación con el derecho penal internacional (DPI), planteando la existencia de una discusión ociosa que se ha presentado en los medios académicos, doctrinales y profesionales, en el sentido de que ambas disciplinas son distintas en su denominación, pero idénticas en su forma y en su fondo. En tal virtud, se busca demostrar que el esclarecimiento de este falso debate se logra a la luz del estudio de los principios establecidos en el Estatuto de Roma de 1998, que da origen a la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI).
Proteção multinível da liberdade sexual: crime de violação no direito internacional e o caso Bemba Gombo
Authors: Lopes Carvalho Felipe Augusto
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar, à luz da proteção multinível dos direitos humanos, a evolução do tratamento conferido pelo direito internacional penal aos crimes de natureza sexual, em especial à violação, desde a sua gênese nos primeiros documentos do moderno direito de guerra, Convenções de Haia e Tribunais Militares pós-Segunda Guerra, passando pelas contribuições materiais e processuais dos tribunais penais ad hoc para antiga Iugoslávia e Ruanda, até chegar ao Estatuto de Roma do Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI). Por fim, analisar-se-á o caso Jean Pierre Bemba Gombo, recentemente julgado pelo TPI, e as contribuições e retrocessos que podem ser observados nesse julgamento para o desenvolvimento da jurisprudência internacional sobre o tema.
Contribuciones de la Neuropsicología a nivel educativo: un análisis teórico y reflexivo
Authors: Rhenals-Ramos Jorge Camilo
Published: September 2021

La Neuropsicología presenta elementos importantes a favor del aprendizaje. Su conocimiento ofrece posibilidades para afrontar el trabajo formativo con estudiantes desde una perspectiva de trabajo diferenciada; sin embargo, a nivel escolar aún se desconocen algunas de sus contribuciones más importantes. Este estudio describe teóricamente algunos aportes de la Neuropsicología al aprendizaje, reflexionando sobre su implementación a nivel educativo. El abordaje de esta disciplina ha facilitado el conocimiento neurocientífico del aprendizaje, potenciando las características individuales desde procesos de ajuste educativo y fortaleciendo los procesos inclusivos en el aula. La comprensión de diversas alteraciones relacionadas con el aprendizaje desde la perspectiva neuropsicológica aporta información teórica y elementos empíricos que buscan ajustar metodologías, procesos y programas para el mejoramiento educativo. Sus contribuciones reflejan una oportunidad importante de avance a partir del conocimiento de las dificultades neuropsicológicas de los alumnos y las mejores formas de actuar a nivel educativo.
Educabilidad y salud mental de universitarios salvadoreños durante la pandemia por Covid-19
Authors: Mena Fernando José , De Paz Verónica , Avilés Mario , Orantes Lucía
Published: September 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo establecer las condiciones de educabilidad (es decir, acceso tecnológico, determinantes personales y determinantes sociales) y la presencia de sintomatología de depresión, ansiedad, estrés e insomnio en los universitarios salvadoreños durante la pandemia por Covid-19. El estudio cuantitativo transversal de alcance correlacional contó con una muestra de 1,550 universitarios salvadoreños de 25 instituciones, quienes respondieron un cuestionario en línea. La mayoría percibió condiciones poco favorables de educabilidad, excepto en la subescala de acceso tecnológico; el 88.5% está en riesgo clínicamente significativo de experimentar al menos uno de los estados emocionales estudiados y el 45.4% de los cuatro estados combinados. También, los modelos predictivos evidencian que mejores condiciones de educabilidad pronostican menores síntomas emocionales. Además, los grupos más vulnerables a estos efectos adversos son las mujeres, los estudiantes de la universidad nacional, los jóvenes y quienes reportan casos de contagio por Covid-19 en su familia.
Alfabetización inicial en tiempos de covid-19. Retos de la docencia a distancia
Authors: Cervantes Holguín Evangelina , Rojas Santos Brainn Alfonso
Published: September 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo recuperar la experiencia del profesorado de primer ciclo de educación primaria en torno a los saberes, las prácticas y las adecuaciones implicadas en los procesos de alfabetización inicial en tiempos de emergencia sanitaria. A partir de una investigación cualitativa de tipo estudio de caso, se entrevistó a 13 docentes radicados en el estado de Chihuahua, México. En la experiencia concreta, el profesorado puso en juego una serie de saberes docentes que, puestos a prueba en la pandemia, se fortalecieron a partir de su propia iniciativa, el trabajo colectivo entre pares y la solidaridad de las familias para afrontar los problemas, superar las carencias y actuar en favor de los estudiantes. En el balance, los docentes reconocen debilidades en la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura a distancia, por lo que se requieren investigaciones que orienten el diseño de acciones para fortalecer las competencias docentes.
PERANCANGAN KEMASAN PRODUK RUMAH MAKAN PATINKU DI MEDAN
Authors: John John , Asril Asril , Waspada Agung Eko Budi
Published: September 2021

Medan sangat kaya dengan berbagai jenis kuliner, di mana jenis makanan dari berbagai daerah ada di sana. Namun untuk kemasan produk makanan tersebut masih tidak semuanya memilikinya. Kemasan adalah salah satu yang dibutuhkan untuk bersaing dan menarik minat konsumen, dimana desain kemasan produk selain berfungsi sebagai pelindung produk tetapi juga sebagai sarana komunikasi untuk menyampaikan citra suatu perusahaan (usaha). Rumah Makan Patinku yang berada di Kota Medan adalah rumah makan yang memiliki ciri khas makanan tradisional dengan produk unggulan rumah makan tersebut adalah ikan patin. Oleh karena itu perancangan desain kemasan produk sangat berpengaruh untuk berkomunikasi dengan masyarakat dalam menyampaikan citra Rumah Makan Patinku. Konsep utama yang digunakan Rumah Makan Patinku adalah daun pisang sebagai ide kreatif mendesain kemasan. Desain kemasan menggunakan penelitian ilmiah yaitu studi literatur, observasi, dan juga teknik analis SWOT, sehingga dihasilkan rancangan yang sesuai dengan citra dan ciri khas Rumah Makan Patinku. Desain kemasan yang diciptakan adalah pembungkus nasi, kotak nasi, kotak ikan patin bakar, kantong kertas (paper bag), stiker pack plastik kontainer, cup jus minuman, dan kantong plastik.
Introductory Note
Authors: Mason Robert
Published: September 2021

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Greater Mediterranean Regional Security Complex: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Aghazada Mirmehdi Mirkamil ogly
Published: September 2021

The study of regional dimensions, including the role of individual regions in the international system, plays a significant role in understanding the formation of a new multipolar world order. Undoubtedly, one of the most important regions is the Great Mediterranean, which is considered to be the cradle of civilization. Located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe, it has a special status in global economic and political events. The author first defines the concept of the Greater Mediterranean, analyzing it in the short, medium and long term and, accordingly, in a narrow regional, wide regional and global scale. Then the analysis is carried out from the point of view of the regional security complex theory. The purpose of the study is to identify the territory covered by the Greater Mediterranean, as well as the type of regional security complex that it is part of. Since there is no clear, unified definition among Russian and foreign scholars about the geographical boundaries of this region and what it represents, the theoretical justification allows the author not only to determine the limits of the region, but also to give its characteristics, which in turn conditions the relevance of the research. In summary, it is concluded that the Greater Mediterranean constitutes a global-level security complex as it includes states, such as Russia, France, and Great Britain, which have a significant influence in world politics, as well as Turkey, Italy, Israel, and Iran with considerable powerful capabilities that extend beyond their neighbors.
“Blue Homeland” and Cyprus: The “Survival of the State” Coalition and Turkey’s Changing Geopolitical Doctrine in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Moudouros Nikos
Published: September 2021

The importance of the Eastern Mediterranean for the Turkish state is diachronic. In recent years, however, a renewed interest of Ankara is being recorded as a result of the developments in the energy sphere. This is expressed through various forms of interventionist policy of Turkey in the area. This article examines the reshaping of Turkeys geopolitical dogma and its connection with Turkish perception of the Eastern Mediterranean. It examines the impact of the failed coup attempt in 2016 on the ruling power bloc and its reflections in the Turkish geopolitical doctrine. In this framework the article explores the reinstatement of the need for survival of the state ( devletin bekası ) as a result of the reshaping of the ruling coalition and the legitimisation of the attempt to strengthen the authority of the state. At the same time, the ideological construction of the Eastern Mediterranean is important, as it can reveal the process of construction of security issues or the instrumentalisation of real threats through which geopolitical orientation is reshaped and specific policies are implemented. This study consequently reviews the identification of the Eastern Mediterranean with a wider hostile region and analyses the functioning of the blue homeland concept as a legitimising axis of Turkish politics. The concept of blue homeland is examined in conjunction with internal developments in Turkey and especially the change of balance in the power bloc. Finally, the last part of the article analyses the ideological legitimisation of the blue homeland concept in Turkeys strategy for the Eastern Mediterranean. Through these dynamics, the change in Ankaras perception of the Turkish Cypriot community and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is also identified.
Military-Political Peculiarities of Germany’s Participation in Resolute Support Operation, 2015-2021
Authors: Trunov Philipp Olegovich
Published: September 2021

The Afghan direction is rather important for German foreign policy, given the scale and duration (nearly two decades) of German military presence in this Central Asian country. It remains to continue one of the directions of Bundeswehrs usage outside the NATO zone of responsibility. The article tries to explore the specifics of the German military and political-diplomatic tools used in the course of Resolute Support operation. The key research methods are comparative and event-analysis. The paper evaluates the characteristics and the results of the German participation in ISAF activity by the mid-2010s. In this regard it is shown that to a large extent the efforts of the Bundeswehr contingent in Resolute Support were aimed at completing unfinished tasks during the ISAF mission. The new (since 2015) tasks of the German military personal, their determinism, and the peculiarities of their implementation are defined. The article traces the ascending dynamics of the German military presence in Afghanistan. In comparison with Syria and Iraq, taking into account the scale of threats projected from their territory to the Euro-Atlantic community in the mid-2010s, the peculiarities of forms and amounts of the Bundeswehrs use in Afghanistan are demonstrated. The author examines Berlins attempts to maintain its military presence in Afghanistan in conditions when US President Trumps administration and the Taliban (banned in Russia) signed an agreement on the withdrawal of US troops on February 29, 2020. The range of factors that could affect the revision of the White Houses position in the second half of 2020 and early 2021 is defined. During this period, Germany has been trying to keep its military presence in Afghanistan. But after the final decision of the Biden administration on the withdrawal of troops, official Berlin was forced to accelerate the evacuation of its contingent (by July 1, 2021), which largely crossed out the previously declared results of the strategy in Afghanistan. The article concludes by presenting the consequences of the military drawdown in Afghanistan for the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany as a whole.
Book review: Bazoobandi, S. (Ed.). (2020). The New Regional Order in the Middle East: Changes and Challenges. London, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 141 p.
Authors: Brebdane Ammar Mohsen , Al-Mahmadava Shahad Rissan Krabuit
Published: September 2021

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Book review: Gresh, G. F., & Keskin, T. (Eds.). (2018). US Foreign Policy in the Middle East from American Missionaries to the Islamic State. New York: Routledge, 326 p.
Authors: Werfelli Wissal , Hourieh Rodeh
Published: September 2021

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