bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SimConnect and SimTalk for distributed cyber-physical system simulation
Authors: Pfeifer Dylan , Valvano Jonathan , Gerstlauer Andreas
Published: March 2013

Real-time embedded and cyber-physical systems challenge simulation disciplines due to the heterogeneous tools used to model components in the system exploration and design phases. Termed “heterogeneity,” the mixed-model problem challenges multi-simulator coordination, where event causality must be preserved among simulators with different models of computation, signals, criteria for time advancement, and levels of abstraction. SimConnect and SimTalk enable heterogeneous, distributed, hardware/software co-simulation with a simplified backplane approach, emphasizing the simulation of software interacting with simulated world-model electrical, mechanical, and physical effects. The structure of SimConnect and SimTalk is described, adhering to the properties of a Kahn Process Network. Application of the tools to the coordination of three different simulators (TExaS, Ngspice, and Simulink) is presented to simulate closed-loop, hardware/software-based, Proportional-Integral-Derivative/Pulse-Width-Modulated control of a direct current motor. Results demonstrate agreement among simulator coordinations with configurable tradeoffs in speed versus accuracy.
The Effects of Customer-Centric Marketing and Revenue Management on Travelers’ Choices
Authors: Mathies Christine , Gudergan Siegfried P. , Wang Paul Z.
Published: March 2013

This article examines how the simultaneous use of customer-centric marketing (CCM) and revenue management (RM) affects travelers’ perceptions of fairness and ultimately their purchasing choices. To address this issue, we propose and empirically test a choice model that incorporates reference-dependent fairness adjustments for both price and nonprice attributes within a random utility framework. The findings from two empirical studies using stated-preference choice experiments show that travelers engage in fairness-related reference point comparisons for price and other product attributes induced by RM and CCM. They offer additional evidence concerning the need to account comprehensively for attributes associated with both RM and CCM when predicting customer demand in travel and tourism firms. Accordingly, firms need to account not only for the effects of RM and CCM attributes but also for the corresponding reference-dependent fairness adjustments relating to those attributes.
A unified model-based fault diagnosis scheme for non-linear discrete-time systems with additive and multiplicative faults
Authors: Ferdowsi H , Jagannathan S
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a unified model-based fault diagnosis (MFD) scheme that deals with both multiplicative actuator and additive system faults is designed. For a class of uncertain non-linear discrete-time systems, this MFD scheme is capable of not only detecting both additive and multiplicative actuator faults but also identifying the fault type. Faults are detected by using a novel fault detection observer consisting of two online approximators in discrete-time (OLAD) and a robust adaptive term. Upon detection, a fault diagnosis scheme is introduced to determine the fault type by monitoring the input residual generated via the first OLAD output. Upon performing the diagnosis online, the appropriate OLAD is activated in the observer and the other OLAD is switched off. Thereafter, by using both the parameter update law of the active OLAD and user-selected failure threshold, an online time-to-failure scheme is introduced. In the case of multiplicative faults, boundedness of the detection residual and parameter estimation errors is shown while in the case of additive faults, the asymptotic convergence of the detection residual and parameter estimation errors is guaranteed due to the robust adaptive term. Finally, a simulation example is used to demonstrate the proposed fault diagnosis scheme.
Variations in Antibiotic Prescribing of Acute Rhinosinusitis in United States Ambulatory Settings
Authors: Smith Stephanie Shintani , Kern Robert C. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Tan Bruce K. , Evans Charlesnika T.
Published: March 2013

Objective

To identify variations in antibiotic treatment of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) on a national level.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study of a national database.

Setting

Otolaryngology and primary care ambulatory settings.

Subjects and Methods

A nationally representative sample of adult outpatient visits was extracted from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey data for 2006 to 2009. Antibiotic prescriptions associated with ARS were tabulated. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify variations in antibiotic prescribing by patient and physician characteristics.

Results

Antibiotics were prescribed in 82.3% ± 2.6% of 18.7 million visits for ARS (mean age, 46.2 years; 65.9% female). The ratio of primary care physician (PCP) to otolaryngologist (ENT) ARS visits was 18.6:1. Antibiotic prescription rates were inversely related to increasing age groups of 18 to 39, 40 to 64, and ≥65 years (87.8%, 81.2%, and 71.0%, respectively; P =. 02). Physicians in general medicine outpatient departments, internal medicine, and family medicine were more likely to prescribe antibiotics compared with ENTs (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.5‐17.8]; 6.9 [2.5‐19.2]; and 3.9 [2.0‐7.7], respectively). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were azithromycin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate acid (27.5%, 15.5%, and 14.6%, respectively). The ENTs selected broad‐spectrum antibiotics more often than PCPs (94.3% vs 75.7% of visits with antibiotics were broad‐spectrum agents; P =. 01).

Conclusion

Antibiotics were prescribed frequently despite recent consensus guidelines that discourage antibiotic use in mild cases. Furthermore, antibiotic prescription was more likely for younger patients and in primary care settings. This highlights the need to promote awareness of practice guidelines.
Closing the Clinical Gap: Translating Best Practice Knowledge to Performance with Guidelines Implementation
Authors: Ishii Lisa E.
Published: March 2013

Unsustainable health care costs coupled with opportunity for improvement in health care outcomes in the United States are stimulating meaningful transformation in the way we deliver care. One approach in this transformation focuses on minimizing unnecessary variation in physician practices, instead focusing on evidence‐based medicine in a more uniform manner. Clinical practice guidelines contain evidence‐based recommendations, articulate goals of care, and can help to reduce unnecessary variation. While thousands of clinical practice guidelines are in existence, a clinical gap exists between knowledge and clinical performance. With thoughtful guidelines implementation strategies in place, organizations can begin to close the gap and translate best practice knowledge into care. Health systems that have done this effectively have seen improved clinical outcomes, improved patient satisfaction, and lower cost per patient.
Content Analysis of Expressive Writing Narratives About Stressful Relational Events Using Interpersonal Decentering
Authors: Jenkins Sharon Rae , Austin Heather L. , Boals Adriel
Published: March 2013

This study used secondary analysis of data from two studies of expressive writing about stressful relational events to first describe the relations of word use to social-cognitive maturity of role-taking using Feffer’s Interpersonal Decentering scoring system and then to test hypotheses about active processing of relational information versus event closure. This scoring system for imaginative Thematic Apperception Test stories was adapted for expressive writing protocols and related to proportions of cognitive and emotional words used, relationship characteristics, and the subjective experience of writing. Relational events included relationship breakups (including divorce), loved one’s illness or death, and abuse. Decentering maturity was positively correlated with cognitive and insight words and with positive emotion words in both studies’ narratives, and also with self-rated experiences of emotional intensity in the low closure group only. Gender differences were consistent with gender theories applied to relational stressors.
Bureaucratic Representation and Ethnic Bureaucratic Drift
Authors: Eckhard Steffen
Published: March 2013

The article combines research on postconflict management with public administration research by presenting a single case study on the United Nations interim administration in Kosovo. To investigate the reasons for the UN mission’s failure to implement its policies on minority relations, the study turns toward local municipal bureaucracies and offers a two-part causal argument that derives from principal–agent theory and bureaucratic representation theory. First, due to a lack of political and administrative oversight by Kosovar institutions and the UN peacebuilding mission, local municipal authorities experienced a high degree of autonomy. Second, those units within municipal administrations that were responsible for minority policy implementation did not include minority bureaucrats who could have acted as their communities’ advocates. In the absence of such active representation and a lack of top-down supervision, the municipal civil service departed from its mandate to implement affirmative policies serving the Serb and Roma community in Kosovo. The article finds that this ethnic bureaucratic drift constitutes a central explanation for the lack of minority policy implementation in Kosovo between 2001 and 2008.
Relaxation Practice for Health in the United States
Authors: Lee Eun-Kyoung Othelia , Yeo Younsook
Published: March 2013

Despite the popularity of relaxation practices as mind–body therapy in the United States, little is known about those who practice these techniques. Using cross-sectional data from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey Alternative Medicine Supplement, this study examined potential correlates of engagement in relaxation practices, including sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, medical conditions, physical activity, drinking, smoking, and prayer for health. Individuals who engaged in relaxation practices were less likely to be older, male, Hispanic, high income, or residents in the South and Midwest. They were more likely to be college-educated, uninsured, and have one to two chronic conditions. Those with higher psychological distress and with asthma and pulmonary diseases practiced relaxation techniques more than individuals without these conditions. Findings suggest that relaxation practice is associated with lifestyles habits such as regular physical activity and prayer for health. Thus, relaxation practice has the potential to enhance health behaviors and lifestyle change.
Dynamic and mechanical properties of vinyl ester/epoxy interpenetrating polymer networks
Authors: Jia Jinrong , Huang Zhixiong , Qin Yan
Published: March 2013

A series of vinyl ester (VE)/epoxy (EP) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were prepared by a simultaneous method. The change in characteristic groups, curing process, mechanical properties, damping properties, morphology, and thermal stability was studied. It was found that the damping ability, mechanical properties, and thermal stability were all enhanced through the introduction of VE into EP to form the IPN structure. Result of the dynamic mechanical analysis showed that glass transition temperature decreased and the tanδ peak shifted to a lower temperature with increased EP content in IPNs. Mechanical measurement revealed that the impact strength of the IPNs was higher than that of the EP matrix, and the tensile strength of the IPNs was impaired when the VE content was beyond 10%. Morphological investigation also proved that the brittle behavior was improved.
Airfoil flow control using vortex generators and a Gurney flap
Authors: Li-shu Hao , Chao Gao , Wen-Ping Song , Ke Song
Published: March 2013

In order to carry out the experimental investigation on control of flow over airfoil, one form of the Gurney flap and one form of the vortex generator were designed. The comparative study is performed for different scenarios such as clean airfoil, clean airfoil with Gurney flap, clean airfoil with vortex generators and clean airfoil with both Gurney flap and vortex generators. Wind tunnel test shows that: (a) the lift at linear regime with the same attack is greatly increased by using a Gurney flap; (b) the stall performance is remarkably improved by using vortex generators; and (c) the lift at both linear and stall regimes are both improved by using combined Gurney flap and vortex generators, and drag is slightly increased at linear regime and greatly reduced at stall regime. In other words, the proper combination of Gurney flap and vortex generators can result in remarkable improvement of aerodynamic performance of an airfoil, and it is an ideal combinational control style.
Extracting fuzzy rules for modeling of complex processes using neural networks
Authors: Jamali A , Motevalli SJ , Nariman-zadeh N
Published: March 2013

Modeling of complex processes often leads to complex mathematical relationships between inputs and outputs, which do not reflect the influence of the independent variables on the output parameters. In this article, an innovative technique based on neural networks is presented to extract fuzzy linguistic rules for modeling some processes using some input–output data. In this way, genetic algorithm is used both for optimal structure design of those group method of data handling-type neural networks and for subsequent optimization of sub-bounds of fuzzy singleton antecedents to further optimize the obtained fuzzy rule base. Three different input–output data tables related to some complex problems of a nonlinear mathematical system, an explosive cutting process and the probability of failure estimation of a two mass-spring system are modeled by some fuzzy rules, using the technique discussed in this article.
Ethical issues occurring within nursing education
Authors: Fowler Marsha D , Davis Anne J
Published: March 2013

The large body of literature labeled “ethics in nursing education” is entirely devoted to curricular matters of ethics education in nursing schools, that is, to what ought to be the ethics content that is taught and what theory or issues ought to be included in all nursing curricula. Where the nursing literature actually focuses on particular ethical issues, it addresses only single topics. Absent from the literature, however, is any systematic analysis and explication of ethical issues or dilemmas that occur within the context of nursing education. The objective of this article is to identify the spectrum of ethical issues in nursing education to the end of prompting a systematic and thorough study of such issues, and to lay the groundwork for research by identifying and provisionally typologizing the ethical issues that occur within the context of academic nursing.
The prospects for the water management framework in the Douro, Portugal
Authors: Ioris Antonio A. R.
Published: March 2013

The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) has represented a unique opportunity to enhance the regulatory capacity of public agencies and restore the ecological condition of water bodies in the European Union. This paper examines the experience of translating the new Directive into practical policy-making in the Douro River Catchment in the north of Portugal. Regional development and the evolution of water management are initially described, which then inform the assessment of the achievements and failures of the new regulatory regime. The higher level of concern for environmental impacts and the integration of responses that follow the WFD can be identified as positive steps in the direction of resolving lasting water management problems. However, the translation of the Directive into national legislation has also reinforced techno-bureaucratic practices and politico-economic centralisation, as well as led to various forms of contestation and protest. It is suggested that two main reasons account for those difficulties: the sociospatial rigidity (i.e. the fragmented and static understanding of ecological and social interactions) and the monotonic categorisation of water management issues (i.e. upfront decisions with limited scope for innovation and creativity at the local level). Overall, the success of the WFD seems to depend fundamentally on the ability to perceive the broader socionatural complexity of water management and on the pursuit of more effective forms of negotiation and social inclusion.
Environmental Performance Evaluation in Supply Chain
Authors: Perera P.S.T. , Perera H.S.C. , Wijesinghe T.M.
Published: March 2013

Environmental performance evaluation is an area of growing concern among the worldwide community. Consequently, measurements to evaluate environmental performance are of great importance. However, lack of a quantifiable model to study the environmental performance is a problem in this area. This study therefore attempts to quantify the environmental performance of supply chain of a manufacturing company, which requires evaluation of many criteria. Therefore, selection of environmental performance measures leads to a multi-criteria decision making problem. As a result, analytical hierarchy process is selected to develop the model and is solved with Expert Choice software. Finally the proposed model is applied to a case study company to identify the key areas of environmental performance of the company’s supply chain and to assess various product categories manufactured under those key areas.
Human Resource Management
Authors: Sundar K.R. Shyam
Published: March 2013

Clare Kelliher and Julia Richardson (Eds), New Ways of Organizing Work: Developments, Perspectives and Experiences. New York and London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 208 pp., Price not mentioned. ISBN: 978-0415888158
Marketing Management
Authors: Shukre Anagha
Published: March 2013

Pradeep Kashyap, Rural Marketing (2nd edition). New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd, Licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia. 2012, 301 pp., ₹ 450. ISBN: 978-81-317-6035-2.
Information Management
Authors: Merh Nitin
Published: March 2013

Galit Shmueli, Nitin R. Patel and Peter C. Bruce, Data Mining for Business Intelligence: Concepts, Techniques and Applications in Microsoft Office Excel® with XLMiner. Delhi: Wiley India Edition, xviii + 279 pp., ₹ 479. ISBN: 978-81-265-1758-9
When Performance Fails to Meet Expectations: Managers’ Objectives for Outsourcing
Authors: Young Suzanne , Macneil Johanna
Published: March 2013

Managers may implement outsourcing for one or more of a range of reasons: to improve strategic focus, to achieve numerical or functional flexibility, to reduce costs or risk, to change their own roles, to change organisational culture or workplace power structure, and to intensify work effort. However, often there are associated costs, either unanticipated or unquantified. This paper provides evidence from two food processing companies to address the following questions: (1) Why do managers pursue outsourcing? and (2) Have managers anticipated and quantified the potential costs as well as the benefits of outsourcing? We conclude that while it seems clear that managers do begin with clear objectives for outsourcing and anticipate that benefits will flow, sometimes these objectives are not met, unexpected costs are incurred, or objectives change as new information is available or situations change. In other cases managers have been unable to objectively substantiate the outsourcing decision.
The New Public Management and Workplace Change
Authors: O’Donnell Michael , Allan Cameron , Peetz David
Published: March 2013

A burgeoning literature has emerged over the last decade examining the growth of the New Public Management model in the public sector. The literature, however, tends to overlook the implications of these reforms for employment relations in the public sector. This paper presents evidence from two major surveys from the mid-1990s that compare the impact of workplace change on Australian public and private sector workers. Public sector workers reported they were working more intensively, under greater stress and with less job security than private sector workers. They also reported that their satisfaction with their job, with management and with their work/family balance had declined to a greater extent than their private sector counterparts. These employee responses suggest, despite the assertions of public sector management reports to the contrary, that the NPM reforms in the Australian public sector have resulted in more intensive workloads, increased job-related stress and reduced job security for many Australian public sector employees in the 1990s.
Towards a New Public Unitarism: Employment and Industrial Relations in the Australian Public Service
Authors: O’Brien John , O’Donnell Michael
Published: March 2013

This article traces the transformation of the Australian federal public service from an administrative towards a more managerial model of the state. The paper will argue that the process has been uneven and, at times, contested. A particular feature of the paper will be a discussion of the role of organised labour in the process. The paper outlines the central features of the administrative state model and the emerging features of the managerial model of the state. The focus of the paper is on the employment and industrial relations characteristics of public service employment. Comparison will be made between the different paths taken by the Labor government from 1983 and the Coalition government since 1996.
The Impact of Breaching and Financial Penalties on Income Support Recipients
Authors: Eardley Tony
Published: March 2013

‘Breaching’, or the imposition of financial penalties for infringing income support rules and obligations, has been highly controversial in recent years. This is mainly because of a large increase in the number of breaches imposed between 1999 and 2002 in the context of an intensified ‘mutual obligation’ regime. Welfare advocacy groups have argued that these penalties are unnecessarily harsh and tend to fall most heavily on the more vulnerable income support recipients. However, there has been little systematic examination of the impact of breaching, either in terms of hardship or in terms of its effect on future compliance with obligations. This article discusses the results of the first large-scale study of these impacts, commissioned by the Department of Family and Community Services and carried out by the Social Policy Research Centre in 2002/03. The research involved a review of existing literature, a national telephone survey of breached income support recipients, together with in-depth interviews with a small number of survey respondents, and a national postal survey of welfare agencies.
Restructuring the Australian Construction Industry and Workforce: Implications for a Sustainable Labour Supply
Authors: Toner Phil
Published: March 2013

This study examines long term changes in the industrial and workforce structure of the Australian construction industry and their effect on the capacity of the industry to invest in training. The study finds that restructuring has raised the barriers to employer investment in vocational training and is the principal cause of sustained skill shortages in the industry. Using the 1986 and 2001 Population Censuses and economic and labour force surveys, it examines the significant changes in the occupational, industry, firm size, educational attainment and demographic structure of employment in the industry that have occurred over the last two decades. The major drivers of change include: new technologies; evolving consumer tastes; an intensification of sub-contracting through the intra-industry division of labour; outsourcing of activities through the inter-industry division of labour; and reduced role of the public sector in the industry. The study also finds evidence that a large proportion of sub-trade vacancies are filled by qualified tradespersons. This finding has important implications for current strategies to address trade skills shortages. It is concluded that changes in industry and workforce structure which exacerbate the lack of employer investment in training are creating an industry which does not have the skilled people required to meet demands.
Social Innovation and Why it has Policy Significance
Authors: Adams David , Hess Michael
Published: March 2013

Academic discussion of social challenges and the government interventions which might address them are overlooking social innovation as an option. Contemporary trends at the community-public management interface, however, show an upsurge of interest in social innovation as a way of simultaneously creating social benefit and economic opportunity. While this indicates that the idea has genuine substance our observation of international and Australian developments convinces us that there is now sufficient experience upon which to base an understanding of what social innovation is and why it has policy significance. In this article we identify some components of social innovation practice and indicate how these might be theorised into generally applicable models.
The Enforcement of Minimum Labour Standards in an Era of Neo-Liberal Globalisation: An Overview
Authors: Quinlan Michael , Sheldon Peter
Published: March 2013

This article has three objectives. First, we examine what is meant by minimum labour standards, including the array of different standards and their procedural and substantive elements, in differing or even diverging regulatory jurisdictions. Examination of different areas of labour standards provides instruction in the dynamics of these protections and we give illustrative examples, from several countries. The second objective is to highlight the importance of enforcement of standards. We do this through a brief historical overview of the emergence of labour standards as well as of how the recent rise of neo-liberalism has shaped current debates over their development and application. The third element of the analysis is an examination of some contemporary debates, pointing to areas requiring further study as well as to positive examples both in research and in policy/regulation.
The Fruits of Abdication: Australian Multi-employer Award Respondency
Authors: Plowman David H. , Rimmer Malcolm
Published: March 2013

This paper examines the structure of Australian multi-employer awards. It suggests that these awards do not exhibit occupational, industry or representational concentration and thus follow no clear rational principles. The hybrid award system is sub-optimal and can be explained by employer associations’ neglect in the formative period of arbitration. Multi-employer awards are in need of reform if Australia is to become and remain internationally competitive.
A Set of Generational Accounts for Australia: Base Year 1994/95
Authors: Ablett John
Published: March 2013

The baseline Australian generational accounts for 1994/95 presented in this paper reveal a moderate imbalance in favour of current generations, and thus a reversal of the imbalance evident in the 1990/91 base year accounts (Ablett, 1996a). However, alternative simulations suggest the fiscal constraint implied by recent official government projections should be sufficient to correct the generational imbalance of the baseline accounts. Generational accounting results involving several migration scenarios are also presented. These lend support to the view that migration has an overall net positive effect on government finances.
The Waterfront Dispute: Of Vendetta and the Australian Way
Authors: Dabscheck Braham
Published: March 2013

In the latter part of 1997, and the first half of 1998, Australian industrial relations was dominated by a major recognition dispute on the waterfront. Patrick Stevedores sacked its Maritime Union of Australia workforce on 7 April 1998, employing labour supplied by a National Farmers Federation subsidiary. The sackings precipitated mass picketing around Australian ports. The Federal Court issued an interlocutory injunction, which in essentials was upheld by the High Court 6-1, ordering reinstatement of the workforce because of the possibility that Patrick, the National Farmers Federation and the Australian government had conspired to thwart the Freedom of Association provisions of the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Comm.). The dispute is further complicated by an unsuccessful attempt to train former and current military personnel as stevedores in the port of Dubai. This article examines and analyses major twists and turns associated with this dispute.
Outsourcing, Organisational Performance and Employee Commitment
Authors: Benson John
Published: March 2013

A growing trend in work organisation in Australia is for firms to outsource many activities that had been previously performed in-house. Outsourcing these activities, it is argued, will free up human and capital resources as well as allow for increased flexibility in the way labour is employed. Although the extent of outsourcing and other approaches to flexibility have been well documented in Australia, little attempt has been made to evaluate such practices. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing research and to evaluate the effect of outsourcing on firm performance and employee commitment. The research findings, which are based on four manufacturing companies, shows that employee commitment among contractor employees is generally high, although the economic benefits to the firm may take several years to realise.
The International Labour Organisation and Maternity Rights: Evaluating the Potential for Progress
Authors: Earle Jenny
Published: March 2013

This paper analyses the International Labour Organisation’s recent review of its Maternity Protection Convention (No. 103) and Recommendation (No. 95) from a feminist perspective, arguing the need for more comprehensive provisions in a revised convention. It also evaluates the provision of maternity rights in Australia, the Australian government’s position in relation to the ILO convention, and the capacity for international standards to extend maternity rights in this country. It argues that federal law reform is necessary to strengthen women’s maternity rights at work, and notes the importance of ratification of ILO 103 to such an agenda. However, the author is somewhat pessimistic about the immediate prospects both for the extension of standards in ILO provisions, and for substantial progress on maternity rights in Australia.
Public Relations
Authors: Singh Raveena
Published: March 2013

In many ways the profession of public relations has not been fully understood. Public relations, however, has a recorded history of almost a century. This article provides a brief survey of the historical development and current status of public relations. It also offers an insight into what public relations is, its growth, maturation and professionalisation, together with its position in the 21st century. Public relations is currently progressing into a serious academic area of study and a profession. Given rapid and increasing changes, both nationally and internationally, the profession offers a dynamic and challenging career in the next century. Both education and training are continuously reassessing and updating curricula to meet these challenges, with tertiary education now being undertaken up to doctoral level. A snapshot of the profession is offered in this paper through a study undertaken by Mercer Cullen Egan Dell (Public Relations Institute of Australia, 1998). Permission has been granted to report the findings.
New Visions for Counselling in the 21st Century
Authors: Peavy R. Vance
Published: March 2013

This article provides a comment on the 21st century post-industrial context for counselling. It offers a sociodynamic perspective and describes examples of cultural tools that the sociodynamic counsellor uses to render counselling more sensible. In this paper it is argued that we are entering a new era marked already by unpredictability and ambiguity. Counselling must change to make it sensible and affirm the validity of people's experience. Counsellors must know how to indicate to others that it is experience, not events, that makes the difference in enlarging the scope of understanding both individual lives and society.
Interview with Jane Renshaw
Authors: Murphy Gregory C.
Published: March 2013

Jane Renshaw is the Victorian WorkCover Authority's Specialist Consultant in Injury Management, specialising in complex claims, particularly claims where injured workers suffer from acquired brain injury, quadriplegia or chronic pain. Jane has long-established links with the International Association for the Study of Pain.
The Determinants of Work Adjustment following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Focus for Career Counsellors
Authors: Kendall Elizabeth , Murphy Patricia
Published: March 2013

This longitudinal study examined the determinants of work adjustment in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population, using the frameworks provided by Hershenson (1996) and Moos (2002) as a guide for selecting variables. Based on these frameworks, the predictive utility of a range of variables (i.e., self-esteem, perceived support, situational stressors, appraisal of stress and self-efficacy and coping responses) was examined. Eighty-one individuals with TBI provided data for the study. The prediction of work adjustment was improved beyond that accounted for by initial adjustment when these previously-mentioned variables were entered into regression equations. Specifically, short-term work adjustment was associated with high levels of social support and self-efficacy as well as the effective use of problem-solving. In the long-term, however, internal resources such as self-esteem became more important to work adjustment, as did the effects of lesion location and cognitive impairment. Greater focus on these determinants of work adjustment in the career counselling process could foster the development of a preventative approach to TBI vocational rehabilitation. In particular, it may be possible to identify individuals who are likely to experience work adjustment difficulties and assist them to maintain and develop the resources that will, in turn, improve their likelihood of vocational success.
Evaluation of a Semi-Structured Career Assessment Interview Derived from Systems Theory Framework
Authors: Mcilveen Peter , Mcgregor-Bayne Heather , Alcock Anne , Hjertum Eileen
Published: March 2013

Current literature indicates that vocational assessment in the field of career counselling and guidance has been dominated by quantitative and empirical methods. Recent criticism of the field from the post-modernist perspective has stimulated the development of theories that account for the presence of a wider range of influences in an individual's phenomenal world with respect to career. This study investigated the practical efficacy of a semi-structured interview (derived from the Systems Theory Framework (STF)) which was developed for application in the career counselling service at a university. Another interview derived from ‘standard’ practice methods was also developed for comparison purposes. Clients of the careers counselling service received either form of interview in an experiment that utilised a pre-test/post-test design. Three measures of outcome (self-exploration, environment exploration and attributional style) were used to assess the two interview methods. The results indicated that the interview based on the STF has some tentative merit as a potential alternative method for career assessment.
Extending the Use of Constructivist Approaches in Career Guidance and Counselling: Solutionfocused Strategies
Authors: Miller Judi H.
Published: March 2013

This article focuses on the use of constructivist approaches by career counsellors. A three phase solution-focused model is presented that will enable career counselling practitioners to use brief, positively oriented strategies in an integrated manner with their clients. In addition, possible ways counsellors might integrate systems thinking in solution-focused career counselling are described. The adoption of such strategies by career practitioners is most relevant when working with the complex issues brought by career clients, many of whom attend only one counselling session.
Does Spirituality Mediate the Relationship between Environmental Stressors and Psychological Wellbeing in Distressed Unemployed People?
Authors: Muller Juanita , Creed Peter , Francis Laurie
Published: March 2013

A sample of 231 unemployed adults was surveyed using scales tapping psychological distress, the latent and manifest benefits of employment, and spirituality (connectedness, universality, prayer fulfillment, attendance at worship). It was hypothesised that the latent and manifest benefits would be associated with wellbeing; spirituality would be associated with wellbeing; spirituality would be associated with the latent and manifest benefits; and spirituality would mediate the relationship between the latent and manifest benefits and psychological distress. The latent and manifest benefits were associated with psychological wellbeing in the expected direction, with the strongest associations existing between wellbeing and financial deprivation; and social support and time structure. One spirituality dimension—prayer fulfilment—was positively associated with wellbeing, and adults reporting higher spirituality also reported greater access to the latent, but not manifest, benefits. Finally, spirituality mediated the relationship between the latent benefits of employment (social support and collective purpose) and wellbeing. Results are discussed in the context of the latent deprivation and agency restriction theories of wellbeing and unemployment. Practical implications are highlighted.
‘I Had Seen Order and Chaos, but Had thought They were Different.’ The Challenges of the Chaos Theory for Career Development
Authors: Pryor Robert , Bright Jim
Published: March 2013

This paper highlights five challenges to the accepted wisdom in career development theory and practice. It presents the chaos theory of careers and argues that the chaos theory provides a more complete and authentic account of human behaviour. The paper argues that positivism, reductionism and assumptions of linearity are inappropriate for capturing career behaviour. Equally, predicting effect from cause is difficult and often impossible given the complexities of modern life. This paper calls for career development theory to accept a broader purview and concludes that ignoring other aspects of life both limits and undermines the utility of narrowly defined theories. Traditional notions of logic, rationality and objectivity are called into question. Finally, it is argued that chaos theory provides a natural connection between science and spirituality.
International Talent Flow and Careers: An Australasian Perspective
Authors: Inkson Kerr , Carr Stuart C.
Published: March 2013

The phenomenon of migration makes many careers international, and globalisation has accelerated the process. This paper reports on a program of studies, now labelled talent flow, conducted in New Zealand with a view to increasing understanding of migration and its relationship to careers. Initial studies considered the phenomenon of ‘overseas experience’ and its largely beneficial effects on career development. A current study focused on ‘brain drain’ is examining the attitudes of over 2000 highly qualified New Zealand expatriates to the idea of returning to their home country. Some preliminary results are presented. Future studies of brain gain, immigration and careers are planned.
Job Seeking and Job Acquisition in Early Adolescence
Authors: Creed Peter , O'Callaghan Frances , Doherty Fiona
Published: March 2013

In Australia, 42 per cent of full-time students work in part-time jobs, and recent research indicates that a substantial majority of these students want to increase their hours of employment. Although research has identified a range of positive and negative outcomes for students, almost all of the studies have been cross-sectional, thereby limiting the conclusions that can be drawn. Further, there have been no studies that have investigated the predictors of job seeking among school-aged adolescents. We propose the theory of planned behaviour as a possible model for examining the experiences of paid employment for adolescents at school, and consider the questions that remain to be answered before interventions may be implemented to advantage students at the interface between school and work.
Chaos in Practice: Techniques for Career Counsellors
Authors: Pryor Robert G. L. , Bright Jim
Published: March 2013

The chaos theory of careers emphasises continual change, the centrality and importance of chance events, the potential of minor events to have disproportionately large impacts on subsequent events, and the capacity for dramatic phase shifts in career behaviour This approach challenges traditional approaches to career counselling, assumptions about the importance of chance events, and the idea that counselling should aim to reduce career options to a rational and manageable set of logical choices. This new approach demands new techniques and tools to assist the counsellor and client. Four different techniques and exercises are outlined that are designed to assist a counsellor in applying chaos theory in practice. The techniques cover: reality testing; limits to rational decision making; using the media to illustrate non-linearity and chance events; and using forensic techniques to establish historic and contemporary patterns of influence on career behaviour.
The Development of Career Services for International Students
Authors: Gibson Ellen
Published: March 2013

The number of international students attending Australian universities has increased markedly over the past five years and has resulted in a need for career services that adequately reflect the requirements of these students. One of Queensland University of Technology's responses to this has been the appointment of a full-time International Career Counsellor to develop career services for all international students. This case study discusses these services; outlines the findings of a survey of Asian employers; and describes the development of an off-shore work placement scheme.
Voices Off: Reconstructing Career Theory and Practice for Cultural Diversity
Authors: Watson Mark B.
Published: March 2013

The most fundamental challenge that career psychology faces is the construction of a new identity that will challenge the career theories and counselling practices that have occupied centre stage in evolving forms for over a century. As part of that challenge, career practitioners and career educators need to address the critical question of what constitutes a good narrative for career practice at the present time. Central to the re-definition of career theory and counselling is the need to address and redress the diversity of environments in which career development and career counselling takes place. The present article explores the cultural roles inherent in career counselling and the possible reconstruction of the identity of career practitioners, particularly in terms of their responsibilities in culturally diverse settings. This exploration raises ethical concerns about the present training of career practitioners.
The Butterfly Model of Careers: Illustrating How Planning and Chance Can Be Integrated in the Careers of Secondary School Students
Authors: Borg Tony , Bright Jim , Pryor Robert
Published: March 2013

Simple matching models of decision making are no longer sufficient as a basis for career counselling and education. The challenge for contemporary careers advisers is how to communicate some of the complexities of modern career development to their students; in particular, the apparently contradictory relationship between the need for planning and the influence of unplanned events. Deriving from the Chaos Theory of Careers, this paper outlines a practical technique currently being used in the secondary school context that illustrates how both planning and contingency can be linked, understood and utilised in career decision making. The implementation of the Butterfly Model of Careers is outlined in detail to enable others in the career counselling field to be able to use it as well.
Career Change and Motivation: A Matter of Balance
Authors: Green Liz , Hemmings Brian , Green Annette
Published: March 2013

The study was designed to consider the motivations of career changers and the perceived outcomes of their career change. Data were collected from a sample of career changers (N=81), approximately half of whom had used the services of a career coach. The analysis showed: firstly, that the reported outcomes associated with career change appeared unrelated to the value attributed to a career coach and the motivation held by the career changer; secondly, that, with respect to career change outcomes, there were no signifi cant differences between those who drew or did not draw on the services of a career coach; and thirdly, career changers who believed that they almost achieved or did achieve career success were more intrinsically motivated than their counterparts who reported that they did not achieve career success.
Evidence in Support of Gottfredson's Common Cognitive Map of Occupations
Authors: Beavis Adrian
Published: March 2013

Gottfredson proposed that most people share an understanding of the world of work based upon the sex type, social status and type of occupations. Individuals use these three dimensions to organise their view of the world of work. There is as a consequence, she argued, a common cognitive map of occupations. She depicted this map graphically. This study examines the extent to which this map accurately depicts relations between occupations along these three dimensions in the world of work as a test of her theory. Using Australian data, it is found that her map correctly depicts relations between occupations and that therefore, if people's stereotypes are based upon the common cognitive map of occupations, they are accurate.
Tracking Holland Interest Codes: The Case of South African Field Guides
Authors: Watson Mark B. , Foxcroft Cheryl D. , Allen Lynda J.
Published: March 2013

Holland believes that specific personality types seek out matching occupational environments and his theory codes personality and environment according to a six letter interest typology. Since 1985 there have been numerous American studies that have queried the validity of Holland's coding system. Research in South Africa is scarcer, despite critical expansion and development in occupational fields such as the ecotourism industry. The present article describes the Holland interest codes of male and female student and working field guides. The results indicate that the interest code typology of both groups does not match the prescribed code for this occupation in the South African Dictionary of Occupations (Taljaard & von Mollendorf, 1987). Recommendations are made for further cross-cultural and cross-national research as well as for the possible revision of dictionaries of occupations in different countries.
What can be Learned from the Roller Coaster Journeys of Young People Making Ultimately Successful Transitions beyond School?
Authors: Bryce Jennifer , Anderson Michelle
Published: March 2013

This project investigated the interrelationships between family expectations and young people's post-school plans. All of the participants were from financially disadvantaged families. The research used interviews to understand these young people's perspectives of their transition experiences: the ways in which young people's school experiences impacted on their post-school pathways; how the young people weighed up costs and benefits in their decision-making; and exploration of the barriers and enablers encountered by the young people in their transition journeys. The findings endorsed the significant role played by families in young people's career decision-making and revealed some areas where such families might be provided with greater support.