bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A synthetic ice core approach to estimate ion relocation in an ice field site experiencing periodical melt; a case study on Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard
Authors: Vega C. P. , Pohjola V. A. , Beaudon E. , Claremar B. , van Pelt W. J. J. , Pettersson R. , Isaksson E. , Martma T. , Schwikowski M. , Bøggild C. E.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Physical and chemical properties of four different ice cores (LF-97, LF-08, LF-09 and LF-11) drilled at Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard, were compared to investigate the effects of meltwater percolation on the chemical and physical stratigraphy of these records. A synthetic ice core approach was employed as reference record to estimate the ionic relocation and meltwater percolation length at this site during the period 2007–2010. Using this method, the ion elution sequence obtained for Lomonosovfonna was SO42- > NO3- > NH4+ > Mg2+ > Cl-, K+ > Na+ > Ca2+, with acidic ions being the most mobile within the snowpack. The relocation length of most of the ions was in the order of 1 m, with the exception of SO42- showing relocation lengths > 2 m during this period. In addition, by using both a positive degree day (PDD) and a snow-energy model approaches to estimate the percentage of melt at Lomonosovfonna, we have calculated a melt percentage (MP) of the total annual accumulation within the range between 48 and 70 %, for the period between 2007 and 2010 which is above the MP range suggested by the ion relocation evidenced in the LF-syn core (i.e. MP = 30 %). Using a firn-densification model to constrain the melt range, a MP of 30 % was found over the same period which is consistent with the results of the synthetic ice core approach, and a 45 % of melt for the last 60 years. Considering the ionic relocation lengths and annual melt percentages, we estimate that the atmospheric ionic signal remains preserved in recently drilled Lomonosovfonna ice cores at an annual or bi-annual resolution.
Phenotypical characterization in "Plasmopara halstedii" (sunflower downy mildew) isolates of several races
Authors: Sakr Nachaat
Published: September 2015

Phenotypic variation (morphological and pathogenic characters), and genetic variability were studied in 50 isolates of seven Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew) races 100, 300, 304, 314, 710, 704 and 714. There were significant morphological, aggressiveness, and genetic differences for pathogen isolates. However, there was no relationship between morphology of zoosporangia and sporangiophores and pathogenic and genetic characteristics for the races used in our study. Also, our results provided evidence that no relation between pathogenic traits and multilocus haplotypes may be established in P. halstedii. The hypothesis explaining the absence of relationships among phenotypic and genetic characteristics is discussed.
Pl2 resistance gene differentiates the pathogenicity in four "Plasmopara halstedii" (sunflower downy mildew) races 304, 704, 314 and 714
Authors: Sakr Nachaat
Published: September 2015

In order to clarify the role of Pl2 resistance gene in differentiation the pathogenicity in Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew), analyses were carried out in four pathotypes: isolates of races 304 and 314 that do not overcome Pl2 gene, and isolates of races 704 and 714 that can overcome Pl2 gene. Based on the reaction for the P. halstedii isolates to sunflower hybrids varying only in Pl resistance genes, isolates of races 704 and 714 were more virulent than isolates of races 304 and 314. Index of aggressiveness was calculated for pathogen isolates and revealed the presence of significant differences between isolates of races 304 and 314 (more aggressive) and isolates of races 704 and 714 (less aggressive). There were morphological and genetic variations for the four P. halstedii isolates without a correlation with pathogenic diversity. The importance of the Pl2 resistance gene to differentiate the pathogenicity in sunflower downy mildew was discussed.
Citas florísticas de la Sierra del Rincón y zonas limítrofes (Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Baonza Díaz Jorge , Herraiz Garrote Javier , Quirós Menéndez Ángel
Published: September 2015

Se aportan citas de flora vascular de interés en la Comunidad de Madrid localizadas en la Reserva de la Biosfera de la Sierra del Rincón y zonas limítrofes. En la discusión se destaca la presencia de flora atlántica y se señala como el cambio litológico de gneises a rocas sedimentarias menos metamorfizadas marca el cambio de matorrales de genisteas en la zona perteneciente al macizo de Somosierra a brezales en la zona ayllonense.
Foreign Direct Investments and Economic Growth: The Primary Drivers
Authors: Githaiga Peter , Nyauncho Josiah , KABIRU Charles Githinji
Published: September 2015

In order to achieve the Global Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) there is need for enhanced global partnerships in areas such as trade, health, security, environmental sustainability, food security and education. Owing to these initiatives Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs), Official Foreign Development Assistance (ODAs) and other external capital flows are increasingly considered as drivers of economic growth for developing countries. By year 2000 FDIs flow to developing countries accounted for 19% of the total global FDI flow compared to 52% in 2010. Collectively FDI equates to 11% of global GDP and generates close to 80 million jobs globally. Global FDI totaled to US$ 1.2 trillion in 2010, US$ 1.4 trillion in 2011 and US$ 1.8 trillion in 2012. Similarly, the developing countries received half of the FDI and only invested a quarter of the FDI out flow. Studies show that FDIs contributes to economic growth by stimulating several macro-economic and demographic variables which are major agents of economic growth. This paper sought to explain the effect of FDI on the determinants of economic growth human capital development, financial sector development and trade openness. A sample of 30 African countries was used for the study. The data used was retrieved from UNCTAD and World Bank online databases for the period between 1980 and 2012 and analyzed through a fixed effect regression model. The results of the study show that FDI had a positive impact on measures of financial sector development and trade openness. However the effect of FDI on human capital development was negative. The study recommends the need for favorable monetary policies that elicit more FDI for enhanced economic growth. The study also suggests increased global trade liberalization and integration to boost trade. Finally the study recommends that additional FDI flows should be directed towards human capital development. 
Relevance of Classical Management Theories to Modern Public Administration: A Review
Authors: Nhema Alfred G.
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the analysis of management theories of the 19th and early 20th centuries that are commonly referred to as classical organization theories. These ideas are contrasted with the human relations school of thought that achieved great popularity in the 1930s and 1940s. The study asserts that there are valuable lessons that modern public bureaucracies and other public institutions can draw from these early theoretical frameworks. Public organizations molded on the classical organizational management theoretical perspectives have proven remarkably stable in different circumstances around the world. However, they are now increasingly expected to adapt to new and unforeseen circumstances by integrating the foundations inherited from the past and the lessons learnt over the past three decades. Such an approach will enable public institutions to adapt to rapid changing circumstances and in the process be well equipped to meet the demands of their citizens at the levels of theory and practice. Key words: classical organization theory, human relations perspectives, rationality, rule of law, public administration.
Analysis of the Role of the Community Empowerment Program in Strategic Plan Development Village at Semangga District of Merauke
Authors: Teturan Yohanis E. , Tajuddin Mulyadi A.
Published: September 2015

Analysis of the role of the community empowerment programs in strategic plan development village at Semangga district of Merauke. This research aims to analyze and describe village development strategy program utilization and factors that affect this research are carried out at Semangga Jaya village and Kuprik village. The method that is used in this research is qualitative descriptive and the analysis tool in the analysis of the use is exponential. The results of this research show that RESPEK program implementation is in compliance with the technical instructions, but the accomplishing at semangga village and jayakuprik village i.e. preferred physical program while the non physical program has not been implemented with good results for the study and the interviews in getting from research, need to be on the watch for the needs of the principals of the program.
A PEDAGOGIA VIVENCIAL HUMANESCENTE E A TEORIA DA APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA
Authors: Silveira Yole , Alves Kisna Yasmin Andrade , Santos Viviane Euzébia Pereira , Dantas Marta Silvânere Pereira , Martins Cláudia Cristiane Filgueira , Salvado Pétala Tuani Candido de Oliveira
Published: September 2015

O estudo objetiva compreender a Pedagogia Vivencial Humanescente, como tecnologia para o ensino, à luz da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico desenvolvido baseado em dois conceitos: a Pedagogia Vivencial Humanescente, que consiste em uma estratégia pedagógica inovadora para o ensino; e a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de Ausubel, a qual diz respeito à interação cognitiva entre o novo conhecimento e as experiências prévias, de modo a fortalecer o educando como ser ativo na construção de seu saber. Conclui-se assim que a Pedagogia Vivencial Humanescente apresenta pressupostos coerentes com a Teoria do Aprendizado Significativo, compreendendo importante tecnologia para o ensino, além de contribuir com mudanças paradigmáticas no cenário da educação.
PROTOCOLO DE ENFERMAGEM PARA AS ALTERAÇÕES PSICOSSOCIAIS E ESPIRITUAIS DA PESSOA COM COLOSTOMIA
Authors: Silva Elaine Soares da , Castro Denise Silveira de , Romero Walckiria Garcia , Garcia Telma Ribeiro , Primo Candida Caniçali
Published: September 2015

Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, realizada em 2013, com objetivo de elaborar um protocolo de assistência de enfermagem contendo os diagnósticos/resultados e intervenções de enfermagem, relacionados às necessidades psicossociais e psicoespirituais da pessoa com colostomia. Elaborou-se 47 diagnósticos/resultados e 57 intervenções de enfermagem utilizando a Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem, organizados segundo o referencial teórico de Wanda de Aguiar Horta. Concluiu-se que a pessoa com colostomia se apresenta fragilizada e demanda cuidados de enfermagem específicos, individualizados, devido a aflições, medos e mudanças em seu estilo de vida. Esta classificação de enfermagem é de fácil utilização e a sua associação com as necessidades humanas básicas permitiu perceber a pessoa com colostomia de maneira integral, para além das técnicas eprocedimentos de enfermagem.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO CONTEXTO DE TRABALHO E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: De Souza Delvane José , Ferreira Maria Beatriz Guimarães , Dos Santos Félix Márcia Marques , Contim Divanice , Simões Ana Lúcia De Assis
Published: September 2015

Objetivou-se caracterizar o contexto de trabalho e a qualidade de vida dos profissionais de Estratégia Saúde da Família. Estudo observacional, transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 256 profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Dados foram coletados entre setembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014 empregando-se os elo de Contexto de Trabalho e WHOQOL-BREF. Utilizaram-se análises exploratória e bivariada para os dados. Constatou-se que o fator Organização do Trabalho apresentou o maior escore, e as Relações Socioprofissionais, o menor. Nos domínios de qualidade de vida, o domínio Social apresentou o maior escore, e Ambiental, o menor. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que o pior contexto de trabalho resulta em menores escores de qualidade de vida. Compreender o contexto de trabalho dos profissionais se faz fundamental, uma vez que o mesmo pode afetar sua qualidade de vida e a eficácia no seu trabalho, com consequente implicação na assistência prestada.
Reactive Oxygen Species Registration in Planarian Regeneration
Authors: P. Tiras Kh. , Gudkov S. V. , Emelyanenko V. I. , Aslanidi K. B.
Published: September 2015

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are directly involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in a variety of organisms. We studied kinetics of own luminescence induced by changes of ROS in early stages of planarian regeneration. Kinetics of chemiluminescence were measured in intact planarians and the same individuals after decapitation within 15 hours. We analyzed the traumatic fluorescent signal obtained as the difference between kinetics of intact and decapitated planarians. It was found that regeneration is accompanied by changes in the content of ROS correlated with the energy-intensive process in regenerating planarians. Oxidative stress was caused by damage to cell membranes in the dissection of the planarian and it was accompanied by a drop in the intensity of luminescence with a time constant of about 3.6 hours. Phagocytosis of dying cells by neoblasts was accompanied by an increase of the luminescence intensity after 2 - 3 hours after decapitation. Neoblast mitosis was described by two maximums of luminescence over 5.1 hours and 8.3 hours after decapitation. For the first time we demonstrated the opportunity of registering the physiological state of pluripotent stem cells at the level of the organism in vivo.
On an Optical Paradox: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Leus Vladimir A.
Published: September 2015

Special Relativity Theory (SRT) is from time to time subject to critical assaults. There are several logically deduced discrepancies inherent in SRT (paradoxes) which demand a scrupulous examination. In this paper a new thought experiment, including two frames of reference is presented. Two trains are hurtling in opposite directions past one another in a symmetrical manner, but substantially asymmetrical events occur. This consideration leads to a contradiction in the notion of “relativity of simultaneity” – the basic tenet of SRT.
Salazar, Noel B. i Graburn, Nelson H. H. (eds.) (2014). Tourism imaginaries. Anthropological approaches
Authors: Prat Forga Josep Maria
Published: September 2015

Salazar, Noel B. i Graburn, Nelson H. H. (eds.) (2014)Tourism imaginaries. Anthropological approachesOxford: Berghahn Books, 304 p.ISBN 978-1-78238-367-3
Actaea grimaldii, a new species of reef crab from Papua New Guinea (Crustacea, Brachyura, Xanthidae)
Authors: Ng Peter K.L. , Bouchet Philippe
Published: September 2015

A new species of xanthid crab, Actaea grimaldii, is described from the coral reefs of Papua New Guinea. This species has a distinctive red and white coloration and is closest to Actaea spinosissima Borradaile, 1902, from the Indian Ocean. However, the new species can be distinguished by the arrangement of spines on the carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs, and the structure of the male gonopods. Actaea grimaldii sp. nov. has also been confused with A. polyacantha (Heller, 1861), but differs markedly in the carapace armature.
Readers' Advisory: There Seem to be More SEALs in Romance Fiction than in the US Navy, and if so, Why Does it Matter?
Authors: Chelton Mary K.
Published: September 2015

Few of us are lucky enough to write about what we love. In particular, what we love to read and why it’s so popular. But, Mary K. Chelton was able to do just that. We, the readers of this column are able to dive right into this article and read Chelton’s thoughts on a book genre dear to her: Navy SEALs. Why we do love our military men? What is it with the strong, handsome type that often need “fixing” by intelligent, beautiful ladies in need of love that has our readers so transfixed? Chelton provides excellent insight into a genre that she, too, loves to read. In her own words, Chelton states that this article suggests reasons for popularity of military romance, from the type of hero and appeal factors to familiar story lines and authors. Whether you’re a readers’ advisor familiar with this reading trend, or new to the genre, this article is a great introduction or “go to” resource in your everyday RA world.—Editor
Information Literacy and Instruction: Cool Jobs
Authors: Roy Loriene , Hallmark Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

To help our graduates become successful in both traditional and nontraditional information settings, Roy and Hallmark suggest that the requirements listed in modern job descriptions reveal the type of skills and talents we should include in our information science curriculum. This unique perspective allows us to determine how well our information science curriculum matches the skillsets required for atypical “cool jobs” not frequently associated with the library and information science field. They offer suggestions on how to include activities and challenges in a variety of courses to make the instructional setting more closely align with future employment settings. Loriene Roy has taught library instruction and information literacy for more than twenty years, and served as ALA president from 2007 to 2008. Elizabeth Hallmark graduated from the iSchool at The University of Texas at Austin. Hallmark herself has “cool job” experience as the Creative Director for the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts and more recently as Internal Communications Leader in the public medical sector. Together, these authors summarize findings and offer recommendations for preparing students to become successful in those unusual, atypical work settings—those “cool jobs.”—Editor
Amplify Your Impact: What’s Brewing?
Authors: Kelly Katy
Published: September 2015

Beer in the library? Why not! The University of Dayton ran a very successful event featuring local craft breweries, designed to market the library’s services and facilities to faculty and staff.—Editors
From Committees of RUSA: Best Free Reference Websites Seventeenth Annual List
Authors: (ETS) Emerging Technologies Section
Published: September 2015

Welcome to the seventeenth annual “Best Free Reference Websites” list. It is hard to believe that this project has been around since the late 1990’s. In 1998, the Machine-Assisted Reference Section (MARS) of RUSA (now ETS, the Emerging Technologies Section) appointed an ad hoc task force to develop a method of recognizing outstanding reference websites. The task force became a formal committee at the 2001 ALA Annual Conference, and is appropriately named the ETS Best Free Reference Websites Committee.
Book Review: Managing Copyright in Higher Education: A Guidebook
Authors: Stenis Paul
Published: September 2015

Need to know how to manage copyright at your academic library, or, scarier yet, your university? Yes? Then read this now. Unlike Kevin L. Smith’s more abstract (but also excellent) monograph, Owning and Using Scholarship: an IP Handbook for Teachers and Researchers, Donna Ferullo’s text focuses on the practical. She earns the book’s subtitle, striking a balance between explanations of the law and practical workaday advice, and for that, librarians throughout the land will rejoice.
Book Review: The One-Shot Library Instruction Survival Guide
Authors: Tillotson Calantha
Published: September 2015

Based on their combined thirty years of experience in information literacy instruction, Heidi Buchanan and Beth McDonough speak honestly of the challenges and opportunities associated with one-shot library sessions and provide readers with practical, creative, and inspirational resources. The authors begin each chapter with an attention-grabbing title, such as “They never told me this in library school” and “There is not enough of me to go around!” After capturing the readers’ attention, they proceed to continually captivate readers which covering relevant topics, such as how to effectively collaborate with departmental instructors, how to create a meaningful session despite severe time constraints, how to utilize active learning activities to engage students, how to instruct in non-traditional learning environments, how to successfully assess instruction sessions, and how to efficiently follow time management strategies.
Book Review: The Power of Play: Designing Early Learning Spaces
Authors: Stenis Jenny Foster
Published: September 2015

The Power of Play: Designing Early Learning Spaces is a discussion of how libraries are reinventing space to offer “play and learn opportunities” (xiii) to families. Predicated on the idea that play and interaction with caregivers enhances literacy learning, this book is designed as a hands-on guide in developing a library plan to implement early literacy play spaces in libraries of all sizes and budgets.
Book Review: Repositioning Reference: New Methods and New Services for a New Age
Authors: Graveline Laura
Published: September 2015

Repositioning Reference makes a grand statement in its title, and although it is a concise book, it delivers in providing new methods and new services for this new age. The chapters are well-organized, beginning with a historic overview of how and why reference services developed in libraries. The chapters are well documented with excellent endnotes, and the bibliography is a great resource on its own. The authors outline the reasons why traditional reference services are no longer as popular as they once were and explain what the changes in library patrons’ needs and research behavior means for current reference librarians and the evolution of reference service.
Book Review: Successfully Serving the College Bound
Authors: Cooperman Lawrence
Published: September 2015

As the old saying goes, “forewarned is forearmed.” No truer words have been spoken about high school students preparing to enter college. Traditionally, parents, teachers and guidance counselors have prepared college-bound students with advice and programs to help them find and reach acceptance to their choice of college. But librarians, as information and research specialists, and usually known in secondary education as media specialists, can also successfully prepare high school students for college entrance. Africa S. Hands, with her book Successfully Serving the College Bound, provides a useful and resourceful handbook on how media specialists can successfully serve the college-bound student.
Book Review: American Civil War: A State-by-State Encyclopedia
Authors: Tosko Mike
Published: September 2015

Obviously there is no shortage of available resources on the American Civil War. Nor is there a shortage of encyclopedias covering this seminal event from numerous perspectives and vantage points. However, there are not many sources looking specifically at the war from a state-by-state viewpoint. Two separate books with the same title have covered this territory previously. The Civil War State by State by Paul Brewer (Thunder Bay 2004), and more recently, Chester G. Hearn’s unrelated work by the same name (BlueRedPress 2013) take the state approach. However, neither work is nearly as in-depth and detailed as this new release edited by the senior fellow in military history at ABC-CLIO, who has authored or edited a long list of military history books and encyclopedias. Also, the previous editions mentioned have a great emphasis on color graphics and appealing layout, and are not intended as a starting point for scholarly research. This latest release, however, is clearly focused on providing historical background information while also pointing the user to further research and analysis by way of Further Reading lists and a “Select Bibliography.”
Book Review: Encyclopedia of Asylum Therapeutics, 1750–1950s
Authors: Scarth Linda Loos
Published: September 2015

Therapeutics is defined as the treatment and care of a patient to both prevent and combat disease and injury in the online Encyclopedia Britannica. This encyclopedia is an attempt to gather many of the treatments applied in institutions for the mentally ill (insane), using the writings of proponents and practitioners of these treatments. While a few of the therapies described and documented in this encyclopedia appear to be humane and well intentioned (Hydrotherapy—beach bathing), many others appear to be punitive and even sadistic when compared to contradictory views at the times and definitely so in light of current modern understandings of mental illness. Some forms of hydrotherapy such as douche, drenching, mustard bath, etc. might be considered torture.
Book Review: Government and the Economy: An Encyclopedia
Authors: Laster Shari
Published: September 2015

Government and the Economy explores the reciprocal relationship between the American government and the US economy. Oriented with respect to secondary school content standards, this work covers major economic events and policies in US history, with a specific focus on the twentieth century. This work functions as two reference works in one: an encyclopedic overview of major economic events, and an introductory macroeconomics biographical dictionary focused on American economic history. The interrelated and concurrent nature of major economic events is well served by this format choice, as the reader can easily move between essays on major economic events, and entries that outline and explain the economic topics at stake.
Book Review: Literature and Politics Today: The Political Nature of Modern Fiction and Drama
Authors: Pritting Shannon
Published: September 2015

The editor, M. Keith Booker, Professor of English at the University of Arkansas, has served as editor on many reference works in literature as well as many books on genres and literary movements, specific authors, and other critical works. Booker also edited the last reference work dedicated to literature and politics, Encyclopedia of Literature and Politics: Censorship, Evolution, and Writing, a three-volume set published in 2005 by Greenwood, which is surprisingly the only current reference work dedicated solely to examining the connection between literature and politics. There are many recent book-length critical works on literature and politics, but these monographs typically focus on a genre or other refined topic such as a literary movement or single author. The compact single-volume Literature and Politics Today is a welcome addition to reference work in literature and politics. Certainly, other reference works in literary criticism cover some of the topics related to the intersection of politics and literature, but do not have the political focus of Literature and Politics Today.
Book Review: Make ’em Laugh!: American Humorists of the 20th and 21st Centuries
Authors: Carr Tracy
Published: September 2015

While books about comedy often strip all the life out of it, good books about comedy are a useful resource for learning about key performers, for analysis of comedy trends, and for discovery of little-known works one may have missed. Unfortunately, Make ’em Laugh!: American Humorists of the 20th and 21st Centuries is not one of those good books about comedy.
Book Review: Personal Finance: An Encyclopedia of Modern Money Management
Authors: Geck Caroline
Published: September 2015

This single-volume reference offers access to overviews of financial ideas and concepts, key events, and business figures that have shaped modern personal finance and money management. The editor, Barbara Friedberg, the author of How to Get Rich: Without Winning the Lottery and Invest and Beat the Pros—Create and Manage a Successful Investment Portfolio and founder of the popular website BarbaraFriedbergPersonalFinance.com, has compiled an invaluable and easy-to-use reference to increase financial literacy and independence among American citizens across different age brackets and life stages, especially young adults who are handling personal finances and making financial decisions for the first time.
Book Review: Ring of Fire: An Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim’s Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes
Authors: Euster Lisa
Published: September 2015

This work seems to be unique, or close to it, in its scope. The author discusses geological phenomena in the Pacific region from “historical, geographical, and geological perspectives” (xv) with an emphasis on earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes. Topics range from as overarching as plate tectonics to narrower but still broadly applicable topics such as definitions of hazard versus risk to specific sites and events. She uses “important stories” (xv) and myths to add interest. Because of all of the processes, events, and consequences it drives, the author notes that “the strongest theme presented herein is plate tectonics” (xvii).
Book Review: The Sage Encyclopedia of Theory in Counseling and Psychotherapy
Authors: Fehrmann Paul
Published: September 2015

In its introduction, the Sage Encyclopedia of Theory in Counseling and Psychotherapy (ETCP) is offered as “the first encyclopedia of its kind.” The introduction notes that the ETCP’s goal is to provide “descriptions of most of the major theories of counseling and therapy” to give users a “quick grasp” of theories. As for what theories are, the editor states that theories are critical “drivers” for a clinician’s understanding of personality as well as for their approach to therapy. He sees this crucial role of theories as based on their heuristic function. That is, for clinicians theories can support hypotheses about theories, as well as research on, changes to, and development of better theories (xxxix). The editor goes on to recognize that even when psychotherapists or counselors are operating with the same theory, their actual delivery of service may very well differ (xl).
Experimental study of liquid movement in free elementary convective cells
Authors: Bozbiei Liudmyla , Borts Boris , Kazarinov Yuri , Kostikov Andrey , Tkachenko Viktor
Published: September 2015

Elementary convection cells (ECC) are formed in horizontal layers of liquid heated from below, and they are experimentally investigated in this work. Results of experimental studies were adequately described by the theoretical model of ECC. It is shown that the addition of aluminum powder to oil transforms oil to a suspension, such that boundary conditions on the solid wall can be regarded as free because there is a slip through the tape of pure oil. Change in the character of boundary conditions is confirmed by the results of numerical processing of experimental results on formation of convective rings on the layer surface by other authors. Two independent methods for determining the velocity of mass transfer in cells with various diameters are described in the article. For cells with a large diameter (17 mm), the maximum velocity of mass transfer was measured at the upper boundary on a deflection angle of the probe. Measured in this way velocity was equal to VOil ≈ 0.2 mm/sec. For cells with a smaller diameter (2 mm), the velocity of oil on the surface of a cell was measured using an optical method and constituted the value from 3.5 mm/s to 5.2 mm/s.
Vandens tekėjimo mikrokanale tyrimas dalelių vizualizacijos metodu
Authors: Vilkinis Paulius , Pedišius Nerijus , Valantinavičius Mantas
Published: September 2015

Straipsnyje aprašomas mikrosrautų vizualizacijos (µPIV) metodas, taikomas mikrokanaluose išmatuoti skysčio tekėjimo greitį. Taip pat pristatoma naudojama eksperimentinė įranga, metodo veikimo principai ir gautų dalelių vaizdų apdorojimo metodai. Atlikti skysčio tekėjimo greičio kvadrato skerspjūvio mikrokanale matavimai esant skirtingoms Reinoldso skaičiaus vertėms ir atkurtas trimatis tekėjimo profilis mikrokanale. Analogiškas tekėjimas mikrokanale buvo sumodeliuotas naudojantis Ansys Fluent programine įranga. Palyginus teorinius ir eksperimentinius greičio profilius, nustatyta, kad µPIV suteikia itin tikslią informaciją apie greičio pasiskirstymą kanalo ašyje, tačiau matavimo paklaidos labai išauga atliekant mata­vimus arti kanalo sienelių.
“Tobacco has Blossomed like the Rose in the Desert”: Technology, Trees, and Tobacco in the Norfolk Sand Plain, c. 1920-1940
Authors: McQuarrie Jonathan
Published: September 2015

Drawing on rural, biotechnological, and environmental history, this article examines how farmers, corporations, and the state deployed developments in silviculture and agriculture to reshape Norfolk County, Ontario. It traces the emergence of a relatively vibrant flue-cured tobacco sector during the Great Depression, a sector that both broke from and drew on earlier reforestation efforts that had emerged at the start of the twentieth century. In this context, tobacco and trees can best be viewed as biotechnologies connected to a continental flow, rather than simply as natural products. The article also argues that raising both trees and tobacco drew on ideas of conservation and resource management that were tightly bound to the development of rural capitalism, but highlights how the soil and environment influenced the capitalist objective of profitable rural development in ways that frustrated the idea of nature being manageable. It ends by noting that despite the ascendency of capitalist-informed ideas about rural development in Norfolk, other ways of understanding soil and the environment persisted.
Cigarette Marketing and Smoking Culture in 1930s Canada
Authors: Robinson Daniel J.
Published: September 2015

This paper examines political-economic, cultural, and marketing changes during the 1930s that solidified the domestic tobacco industry and cigarette smoking as a socially normative practice. During this decade, farm production of cigarette tobacco grew exponentially in southern Ontario, as did cigarette manufacturing operations, mostly in Montréal. Cigarette marketing and advertising were prolific, as evidenced by the bevy of premium promotions, gift rebates, sports sponsorships, and athlete and celebrity testimonial advertising. Women, for the first time, were routinely targeted by cigarette advertising, and their entry into the ranks of “legitimate” smokers proved a watershed for tobacco manufacturers. Two specific developments further boosted the long-term viability of the cigarette industry. First, Canada’s dominant tobacco firm, Imperial Tobacco, spent heavily on public relations advertising to overcome public criticism of its cut-throat merchandising practices. Second, menthol and filtered cigarettes first appeared in the 1930s, ads for which reassured smokers worried about sore throats and persistent coughs. Long before the tobacco industry’s massive public relations response in the 1950s to the “cancer scare” (which included the heavy promotion of filtered brands as “safer” cigarettes), Imperial Tobacco, among others, was versed in issue-management public relations and forms of cigarette “health marketing.”
La Palme présente Displicuit Nasus Tuus : quand la caricature sert de discours politique au Québec
Authors: Turgeon Alexandre
Published: September 2015

Le 29 juin 1944, le gouvernement libéral d’Adélard Godbout déclenche des élections au Québec. Affaibli par son appui à Mackenzie King, le Parti libéral provincial se tourne vers le caricaturiste Robert La Palme pour la production d’une brochure intitulée La Palme présente Displicuit Nassus Tuus – du latin « Ton nez a déplu », en référence au nez de Maurice Duplessis, chef de l’Union nationale. Cette brochure ne contient que des caricatures. Si l’usage de la caricature dans ce contexte n’est pas particulier, on ne peut en dire autant de la place qui lui est accordée dans ce document. Pour étudier cette brochure, nous nous intéresserons aux stratégies électorales employées ainsi qu’aux caricatures choisies, afin de faire ressortir les thématiques et les enjeux privilégiés par le Parti libéral provincial. Dans cette brochure, il semble en fait y avoir confusion des genres entre caricature et discours politique. Cet article montre que la caricature sert de discours politique dans la brochure La Palme présente Displicuit Nassus Tuus, pavant la voie à la stratégie libérale contre Duplessis dans les années à venir. Les effets dépasseront le camp libéral pour se faire ressentir dans le discours antiduplessiste qui commence à prendre forme.
“We All Used to Meet at the Hall”: Assessing the Significance of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Toronto, 1900–1950
Authors: Marano Carla
Published: September 2015

This article discusses the unique factors that led the UNIA in Toronto to become a central fixture in the city’s black community and to the Garvey movement as a whole. Beginning in 1919, the Toronto Division served as a secular outlet for blacks in the city to express their concerns over racism, politics, employment, and the community. Using interviews, newspapers, and official UNIA records, this article explains how meaningful this organization was to the growth, security, and well-being of Toronto’s black community.

Although this study delves into local history, it is also concerned with transnational relations – primarily, Toronto’s place within the African diaspora. The Toronto Division forged relationships with members around the world while taking part in various UNIA activities that transcended provincial and national boundaries. This article, then, assesses the significance of cross-division cooperation and Toronto’s role in the survival of the Garvey movement in Canada and abroad. Since most members of the UNIA in Toronto were Caribbean immigrants, this essay explores the UNIA’s compatibility with West Indian political and cultural ideals. In this way, this research sets Toronto’s black communities firmly within the African diaspora.
“Some thought they were ‘in Love’”: Sex, White Teenagehood, and Unmarried Pregnancy in Early Postwar Canada
Authors: Wall Sharon
Published: September 2015

This article explores the culture of postwar heterosexuality as it impacted (mainly) white girls who were teens between 1945 and the early 1960s. It explores the prevalence of, and changing opportunities for teenage sex, the issue of sexual desire, and the nature of girls’ partners and relationships. Based on this exploration, it argues that opportunities for teen sex were expanding, that girls’ partners were more often other teens, and because of this and the age-consciousness of the times, that marriage was being questioned as the appropriate solution when pregnancy occurred. More broadly, this study challenges the (now aging) stereotype of the conservative “Fifties,” especially the notion of this period as a sexually conservative one. As such, it also helps to connect (rather than to contrast) the 1950s with the decade that followed. Finally, it makes the case for an expanded notion of sexual “revolution,” one which unfolded over several decades of the twentieth century. In early postwar years, this was a revolution of behaviour only for unlike “the Sixties,” there was little public acceptance or open avowal of pre-marital sex.
ParticipACTION, Healthism, and the Crafting of a Social Memory (1971–1999)
Authors: Lamb Drover Victoria
Published: September 2015

Established in 1971, ParticipACTION was a social marketing company created to change the physical behaviour and personal views of Canadians through persuasive marketing techniques and re-enforced mass media branding. Charting the personal accounts of four influential historical actors, this paper explores the original motivations behind the establishment of ParticipACTION. Through oral history accounts, untapped archival records pulled from the ParticipACTION Archives, and government documents, this article follows the development of the ParticipACTION brand and its relationship with a nation of media consumers. The overt commodification of health, manipulation of Cold War fears, and the federal government’s behaviour modification agenda are all aspects of its origin story, yet they have been strategically omitted from the dominant social memory of this national health promotion organization because these founding goals no longer served the ParticipACTION brand.
Charlemagne and the Lombard Kingdom That Was: the Lombard Past in Post-Conquest Italian Historiography
Authors: Fabbro Eduardo
Published: September 2015

The Carolingian conquest of Lombard Italy (774) was preceded by a massive effort on the part of the Church to convince the Frankish court of the legitimacy of the invasion. Relying on a terminology borrowed from Gregory I, the papal court produced an offensive portrait of the Lombards, depicted as treacherous, vile, and heathen. This article analyzes eighth-century papal epistolary and the Liber Pontificalis in order to establish the strategies behind this campaign. In a second moment, we turn to the Lombard response after the conquest, and the efforts of Paul the Deacon as well as the anonymous author of the Origo Langobardorum codicis Gothanis to question the papal portrait of the Lombards and to reclaim the Christian past of their people. Both Paul and the Gotha Origo focused on the importance of the conversion — and especially the role of Gregory the Great — in the rehabilitation of the Lombards. Their works, this article suggests, represent an attempt of the Lombards to dissociate their Christian faith from the conquest and to reclaim the narrative about their own past.
Applications of Agent-Based Modelling Techniques to Studies of Historical Epidemics: The 1918 Flu in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Dimka Jessica , Orbann Carolyn , Sattenspiel Lisa
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, the study addresses questions related to the spread and impact of the 1918 influenza pandemic in a small Newfoundland community, focusing on the role of large social institutions including an orphanage, school, and churches. Records indicate, for example, that residents of the orphanage in St. Anthony, our study community, experienced an increased risk of infection at different times during the epidemic than did members of the general community. Further, archival sources show that a variety of public health measures including closure of public gathering spaces were implemented throughout Newfoundland, but evidence suggests that the success of these measures varied. Second, this paper presents an argument for the important role computer simulation models can play in historical research, which is demonstrated using results from simulations focusing on social, demographic, and cultural factors, including behaviours and interactions of community residents. These examples highlight how modelling techniques can be used in historical research to address gaps in archival sources and help direct future research paths, and to test counterfactual scenarios to identify important factors influencing observed outcomes.
Gender and Sexuality in Russian History: New Directions
Authors: Fraser Erica  L.
Published: September 2015

Gender history overall – not just for Russia – is at a crossroads right now. This article suggests that historians of Russian gender and sexuality need to pursue new methodologies, reframe older questions, and engage more with gender history in other geographical fields if we are to move forward. The present moment, with Russian president Vladimir Putin choosing to highlight gender and sexual identity in Russia through his “homosexual propaganda” law, is crucial for gender history, and Russianists are poised to provide leadership to the rest of the gender history field because of it. However, we must first overcome long-established obstacles such as following, rather than leading, in the kinds of questions we ask, and we must actively engage in dialogue with other fields on gender issues.
Briser les paradigmes : arts électroniques et actions humanitaires
Authors: Dal Farra Ricardo , Hellégouarch Solenn
Published: September 2015

Nous vivons dans un monde qui atteint un point critique où l’équilibre complexe actuel entre un environnement sain, l’énergie dont notre société a besoin pour maintenir ou améliorer son mode de vie et les économies interdépendantes pourrait basculer plus rapidement que prévu dans une toute nouvelle réalité où le déséquilibre serait la règle et les êtres humains devraient être plus créatifs que jamais pour survivre. Les problèmes environnementaux, l’incertitude économique et la complexité politique existent depuis longtemps. Mais ce qui était différent auparavant était la vitesse et la profondeur des transformations, comparativement à la rapidité actuelle des changements. La fréquence et la gravité de certains événements météorologiques et climatiques augmentent, et la capacité des êtres humains à modifier leur environnement direct ou éloigné est devenue une puissance capable de transformer la planète entière. L’art électronique a-t-il un rôle à jouer ? Les artistes électroniques ont-ils une responsabilité dans ce contexte ? Visant à utiliser l’art électronique comme un catalyseur, dans le but d’engendrer une prise de conscience plus profonde et de créer des partenariats durables de travail intellectuel pour résoudre notre crise environnementale, trois initiatives ont été lancées : Balance-Unbalance, « art ! ⋈ climate » et EChO.
L’Écomimétisme ou les reflets des manifestations sonores de l’environnement
Authors: Fréchette Charles-Antoine
Published: September 2015

Le compositeur Charles-Antoine Fréchette présente les enjeux reliés à sa méthode de composition dite écomimétique. Avec cette méthode, il est question d’analyser des prélèvements sonores de l’environnement au sonagramme pour en tirer des contenus fréquentiels, dynamiques et rythmiques. Ces données récoltées et classées à travers des axes typologiques multiples, différenciés et superposés, concourent à l’élaboration de processus formels qui permettent de relier progressivement les composantes des matériaux entre eux. Ainsi, toutes les structures et les procédés structurels découlent de la manipulation des informations provenant des sources environnementales. Cette approche rigoureuse distingue l’écomimétisme des naturalismes traditionnels anecdotiques. Les résultats des analyses permettent aussi d’explorer les instruments afin de découvrir des techniques instrumentales mimétiques pour révéler métaphoriquement des sons de l’environnement. L’idée de la métamorphose se retrouve donc dans le transfert des sources sonores aux instruments, et dans la transformation progressive des matériaux, continuellement déduits les uns des autres. Formellement, il s’agit d’envisager des situations musicales immersives comme des territoires plus ou moins concrets, virtuels ou abstraits.
Ear to the Earth: It Started in the Dark
Authors: Chadabe Joel
Published: September 2015

Ear to the Earth was an idea that grew out of a power failure on the coast of Maine while I was on vacation. Back in New York, and using acoustic ecology as a conceptual basis, I proposed environmental-sound events to colleagues at the Electronic Music Foundation. The first major festival took place in October 2006. Dr. Cynthia Rosenzweig, Senior Research Scientist at the NASA Goddard Space Center and leader of the Climate Impacts Group, pointed out that climate change was a fact. The first festival, which took place at various venues in New York City, included seven concerts, three panels, and seven installations, among them Suspended Sounds, using sounds of extinct, endangered, and threatened species contributed by The Macaulay Library at the Cornell University Lab of Ornithology. The festival, as a program of the Electronic Music Foundation, became an annual event every October in New York until 2013. In November 2012, we recreated it with an enlarged mission as an independent non-profit corporation in New York.
Logique de l’archipel : insulaire et interrelié (démarche d’artiste)
Authors: Miller Paul D. , Brown Simon
Published: September 2015

Dans cette traduction inédite d’un texte accompagnant une installation sonore exposée au Pavillon des Maldives lors de la Biennale de Venise en 2013, le réalisateur de musique électronique et auteur DJ Spooky se livre à une méditation sur la cartographie, le concept d’île, ainsi que sur quelques « dérives » notables de l’état d’insularité, symptomatiques de la conjoncture actuelle, notamment les paradis fiscaux et les menaces écologiques.