bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MPGA-based-ECMS for energy optimization of a hybrid electric city bus with dual planetary gear
Authors: Yang Xiaohu , Yang Rong , Tan Shenglan , Yu Xionghou , Fang Liang
Published: August 2021

To improve the fuel economy and reduce the exhaust emissions of a hybrid electric city bus (HECB) with dual planetary gear, a vehicle model is proposed based on the coupling mechanism between engine and battery motor in the gear. Then, two kinds of adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) algorithms based on fuzzy proportional-integral (PI) controller: Fuzzy PA-ECMS and Fuzzy MPGA-ECMS (MGPA: multiple population genetic algorithm), are established to improve the control effect of ECMS with equivalent factor (EF) as the core. Firstly, an approximate expression of optimal EF is derived based on the Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP). Subsequently, the deviation between the reference state of charge (SOC) and the actual SOC and the corresponding variation rate are calculated, which are combined with the fuzzy logic controller to adjust the EF. Finally, the driving style is introduced to rectify the trajectory of EF. According to different driving conditions (different initial values of SOC), the PI parameters of EF are optimized offline by multiple population genetic algorithm. Meanwhile, the interval of PI parameters is continuously optimized by the fuzzy controller. Then, simulation experiments are conducted to verify the efficacy of the two proposed algorithms. The simulation results show that compared to the conventional bus and rule-based control strategy, the proposed Fuzzy PA-ECMS algorithm can improve the fuel economy of bus by 41.70% and 5.29%, respectively. Further, compared to Fuzzy PA-ECMS, Fuzzy MPGA-ECMS algorithm can improve the fuel economy of bus by 0.3%.
A mass and road slope integrated estimation strategy based on the joint iteration of least square method and Sage-Husa adaptive filter for autonomous logistics vehicle
Authors: Wang Weida , Zhang Yuanbo , Chen Ke , Zhang Hua , Wang Xiantao , Yang Chao , Xiang Changle
Published: August 2021

Autonomous logistics vehicles are characterised by large changes in mass and their performances are greatly influenced by slope. In addition, sensors on autonomous vehicles are expensive and difficult to be installed considering application environment. To address these problems, a novel integrated estimation strategy for vehicle mass and road slope, which is based on the joint iteration of multi-model recursive least square (MMRLS) and Sage-Husa adaptive filter with the strong tracking filter (SH-STF), is proposed by utilising information involving speed, nominal engine torque and inherent parameters of vehicles. Firstly, due to the separate slowly-changing and time-dependent characteristics, the vehicle mass and road slope are estimated by using MMRLS and SH-STF separately. Secondly, the longitudinal dynamics gain and the steering dynamics gain are calculated separately based on each model’s residual probability distribution. Then, the two estimations module are combined by employing an iterative algorithm. Finally, the proposed strategy is verified by simulation and real vehicle tests. The tests result reveals that the estimation algorithm can effective estimate vehicle mass and road slope in real-time under straight going and steering conditions.
Rights, justice and climate resilience: lessons from fieldwork in urban Southeast Asia
Authors: Mcmillan Rebecca , Kocsis Joanna , Daniere Amrita
Published: August 2021

Recent transformative resilience research calls for urban climate interventions that better meet the needs of low-income and other marginalized groups. Such initiatives, it is suggested, must move beyond technocratic and superficial solutions to address the systems and structures that create climate vulnerability. While these are important theoretical developments, there is still much to be learned about how to support transformative resilience on the ground. This paper situates transformative resilience theory in practice with lessons from a five-year research partnership in Southeast Asian cities. We argue that for resilience research to advance rights and justice, knowledge production and mobilization efforts must be conceptualized as active parts of the transformation process. Bringing together conceptual and methodological insights from resilience, political ecology and governance learning research, we offer three pathways for transformative resilience and present examples of how they can be operationalized in Southeast Asia and beyond.
Developmental toxicity of cryptotanshinone on the early-life stage of zebrafish development
Authors: Wang C , Wang T , Lian B-W , Lai S , Li S , Li Y-M , Tan W-J , Wang B , Mei W
Published: August 2021

Cryptotanshinone (Cry) has multiple potential functions in treating different diseases. Most studies on Cry focus on its pharmacological effects and mechanisms, but toxicological reports on Cry are rare. Zebrafish is used as a model organism in drug development as it saves costs and time. This work aimed to investigate the toxicity of Cry on zebrafish. Results showed that growth retardation, pericardial edema, and scoliosis occurred when zebrafish embryos were exposed to Cry, indicating its teratogenic effects. Cell apoptosis was observed in the brainstem area of embryos using acridine orange staining, and qPCR showed that caspase-3 was increased in Cry-exposed embryos. The results of locomotor activity and touched-evoke escape reaction experiments showed that Cry significantly reduced the swimming speed and escape reaction time of larvae.
Neuroticism and Disorders of Emotion: A New Synthesis
Authors: Barlow David H. , Curreri Andrew J. , Woodard Lauren S.
Published: August 2021

We describe an approach to anxiety, depressive, trauma-related, and other disorders, which we conceptualize as “emotional disorders” because of shared underlying dimensions uncovered by the study of traits or temperaments. We then explicate a functional model of emotional disorders based largely, but not exclusively, on the temperament of neuroticism and describe common factors that account for the development and maintenance of these conditions. We conclude by describing, and presenting supporting data for, a unified transdiagnostic approach to the treatment of emotional disorders that directly targets the underlying temperament of neuroticism and associated temperamental characteristics.
Socio-spatial transformations at the urban fringes of Rome: Unfolding suburbanisms in Fiano Romano
Authors: De Vidovich Lorenzo
Published: August 2021

Today, suburbs and urban fringes are pivotal places for understanding contemporary urban transformations because the majority of the world’s urban population live in suburbs. Suburbanization (i.e. the process of combining the non-centric population, economic growth, and spatial expansion) and suburbanisms (suburban ways of living) are key concepts for observing these transformations, framed under the umbrella of the post-suburban theoretical framework. This paper relies on a post-suburban standpoint as it enables the complexity of the diverse transformations at the urban edges to be addressed. On such basis, this paper discusses the outcomes of a qualitative case study conducted on the most recently built neighbourhood of Fiano Romano, a suburb of Rome that has faced a number of socio-spatial transformations over the past two decades. The study illustrates the diverse complexities related to the provision of welfare services and public amenities such as water and social infrastructures. In so doing, the article unfolds the shape of a ‘new suburbia’ characterized by emerging socio-spatial changes that lie in processes of peripheralization, which characterize many contemporary post-Fordist suburban areas, especially at the present time of the coronavirus crisis. The article points out the centrality of suburban ways of living in studying issues involving both spatial planning and governance of welfare. Furthermore, the article highlights the idea that new inequalities and deprivations are taking place in diverse suburban areas, and that such aspects deserve further governance agendas able to meet the suburban social demands that differ from traditional urban vulnerabilities.
Mahindra Electric Cars: Challenges of Driving a Revolution in the Indian Market
Authors: Dhote Tripti , Chaitanya P.K.  , Mandot Juhi
Published: August 2021

Small cars accounted for 75% of the cars sold in India; electrification of these cars and making them affordable was one of the major challenges apart from the infrastructure. Hence, leading automakers saw this as highly impracticable. However, Mahindra Electric Cars Pvt. Ltd., India’s only electric car maker, firmly believed that electric mobility, though in the nascent stage, is the future of the automotive sector. The case tries to deals with Mahindra Electric Cars Pvt. Ltd.’s opportunities and challenges, the pioneers in electric mobility in India in the wake of government decision. It raises certain imperative questions like: Is the Indian market ready for electric cars? What will be the likely impact on the current market scenario? Can the automaker create a favourable perception in consumers’ minds towards electric cars? Will this new category thrive in a hyper-competitive conventional market? This case is written based on insights provided by the company. The case authors interacted with the four-member Mahindra team in Bangalore, India, and got first-hand input.
What is the Role of Memory in Consumer–Brand Relationship? Insight from sport industry
Authors: Cayolla Ricardo , Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia
Published: August 2021

We live in a time when symbolism is of enormous priority. Memories are a particularly important part of the construction of individual identity and the subsequent relationships established, personal and with the loved brands. Previous research in psychology and neurosciences on negativity effect claims that negative events have more impact than positive ones. In an emotional context like the sports industry, being a fan has implications at all levels: psychological, mental and behavioural. Deepening the theme of memory from a psychological perspective, the present study theorises about the hypothesis of positivity effect in memory in the behaviour of sport fans in consumer neuroscience studies. Theoretical contribution and managerial suggestions are presented, in addition, as direction for further research.
Crossvergence in International Management Education: Acquisition of Skills and Career Outcomes
Authors: Buchanan F. Robert , Bharadwaj Prashanth N.
Published: August 2021

Organizational crossvergence is the identifying framework in this study of the emerging similarities between both educational systems and business systems in India and the United States. A sample of 237 international MBA graduates was examined relative to the education they received in a combined United States and India management program. They studied in both countries, and pursued careers in either country. We confirm that the applied value of advanced business education originating in India was enhanced, but not significantly surpassed, by the Western learning experience. The applicability of graduates’ acquired skills was as relevant for employment in India as in American organizations. Implications for policymakers resulting from the findings highlight the clear justification of deepening management education collaboration amongst educators and employers in emergent and developed markets.
A Validation Study of the BRIEF-2 Among Kindergarteners and First Graders At-Risk for Behavior Problems
Authors: Cumming Michelle M. , Poling Daniel V. , Qiu Yuxi , Pham Andy V. , Daunic Ann P. , Corbett Nancy , Smith Stephen W.
Published: August 2021

Early identification of executive dysfunction and timely school-based intervention efforts are critical for students at risk for problematic behaviors during early elementary school. The original Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) was designed to measure real-world behavioral manifestations of executive functioning, neurocognitive processes critical for school success. With the updated BRIEF-2, independent validation is needed with kindergarten and first grade students at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. Thus, using item level analyses, we examined the factor structure of the BRIEF-2 Teacher Rating form with 1,112 students. Results indicated little evidence for the original three-index model and supported a modified two-index model, with a Cognitive Regulation Index and an overall Behavior–Emotion Regulation Index. Criterion related validity indicated positive relationships with performance-based executive functioning (Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders) and later internalizing and externalizing behaviors. We discuss implications of findings for early identification and school-based intervention efforts, as well as future research.
Preoperative radiographs to predict component malposition in direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Free Matthew D , Barnes Ian , Hutchinson Matthew , Harvie Paul
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

There is conflicting evidence as to whether or not patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) via the direct anterior approach (DAA) have increased risk of component malposition. The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific preoperative radiographic features were predictive of postoperative component malposition in DAA THA.

Patients and methods:

We examined 204 THA operations performed for osteoarthritis via the DAA at a single institution. Preoperative radiographs were analysed with numerous pre-specified measurements and classifications being recorded. Postoperative radiographs were analysed to determine if any of these preoperative radiographic factors correlated with component malposition in regard to cup inclination, cup version, femoral stem coronal alignment, leg-length discrepancy (LLD) and femoral offset discrepancy.

Results:

Numerous preoperative factors were associated with component malposition. Coxa profunda was found to be a significant predictor of cup anteversion being outside of the target range ( p = 0.0089) and an increased centre-edge angle was a significant predictor for a postoperative LLD ( p = 0.0134). A decreased neck-shaft angle ( p = 0.0007) and a lower preoperative LLD ( p = 0.0019) were both predictive of femoral stem coronal malalignment.

Conclusions:

Preoperative radiographs can be a valuable tool for surgeons in predicting patients at risk of component malposition in DAA THA.
The discursive construction of HIV stigma in Irish print media
Authors: Vaughan Elena , Power Martin
Published: August 2021

As interlocutors in national level discourse with the power to influence public opinion and inform policy, the news media are an important data source in understanding the constitutive roles played by culture and discourse in shaping health experiences and outcomes. This paper reports on a critical discourse analysis of news media coverage of HIV in the Republic of Ireland between 2006 and 2016. This period is significant because of the considerable increase in new HIV diagnoses that occurred in Ireland after the 2008 recession. Analysis of articles ( n = 103) demonstrated a pattern of dividing practices whereby people living with or affected by HIV were frequently positioned as somatically and morally deficient via discourses of risk and responsibility. Little focus was given over to examination of the structural drivers of HIV, occluding the social context of the epidemic. The findings suggest that media discourses on HIV have the potential to other people living with HIV and generate stigma by invoking a dynamic of blame and shame frequently implicated in the stigma process.
The resettlement net: ‘revolving door’ imprisonment and carceral (re)circulation
Authors: Cracknell Matt
Published: August 2021

The Offender Rehabilitation Act (ORA) 2014 has extended post-release supervision to all individuals serving short sentences in England and Wales – a cohort who previously faced neglect within the criminal justice system. This empirical study uses a case study approach to explore the resettlement experiences of individuals subject to this new legislation, understanding how individuals circulate and re-cycle between a range of services and agencies in the community, further illuminating upon the reality of repeat ‘revolving door’ imprisonment. Drawing upon Cohen's ‘net widening’ analogy, this article posits that collectively the array of services involved in an individual's resettlement form a ‘resettlement net’, which segregates individuals in the community through control and surveillance functions, extending the carceral boundary of the prison firmly into the community. Welfare-orientated organisations become compelled to ‘braid’ welfare responses alongside penal functions in order to operate within the resettlement net. This article also explores some of the difficulties that individuals experience as they navigate the resettlement net, including informal forms of exclusion, and the wear and tear of the net, which undermines the rhetoric of care envisioned by this legislation, and drives individuals deeper into the mesh of carceral control.
Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scoring of cleft patients treated within a regional cleft centre in the United Kingdom
Authors: Furness Claire , Veeroo Helen , Kidner Giles , Cobourne Martyn T
Published: August 2021

Objective:

To assess static occlusal outcomes for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and cleft palate (CP) managed within a UK Regional Cleft Service and to compare with previously published Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores from a non-cleft population of patients treated within a UK consultant-led hospital service.

Design:

Retrospective multicentre study.

Setting:

Eight orthodontic hospital units within the Spires Cleft Service, UK.

Participants:

Patients born with CLP or CP between 1985 and 1995 treated within the service.

Methods:

Patients were assigned to groups by cleft type and whether they were treated by orthodontics only or a combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. PAR was recorded before and after treatment from study models.

Results:

Data were collected for 171 patients included in the study. Median pre-treatment PAR was 42 and post-treatment 11. Median percentage change in PAR for all patients was 73%, although 12% of cleft patients had a PAR improvement that was worse or no different. Median change in PAR score was 71% for those treated with orthodontics only and 83% for those who had an osteotomy. Median PAR improvement for those treated with orthodontics only was 73% in the cleft lip group, 77% in the CP group, 66% in the unilateral CLP group and 53% in the bilateral CLP group. Median pre- and post-treatment PAR for the cleft group was higher and PAR reduction lower than those published for non-cleft patients.

Conclusion:

These data demonstrate high severity of malocclusion, complexity of orthodontic treatment and difficulty in achieving an ideal static occlusion for cleft patients. If PAR is to be used to assess orthodontic outcomes in cleft patients the findings of this study should be considered. A higher proportion of cases are likely to be classed as ‘worse or no different’, and a lower percentage change will be expected.
Child-focused practice in social services for adults in Norway
Authors: Kristensen Kjersti B , Lauritzen Camilla , Reedtz Charlotte
Published: August 2021

Children of social service users are at risk for developing mental health problems as well as social and behavioral problems. Social service counselors should therefore be aware of service users’ children and provide support for them. In fact, they are obligated by law to consider children's views and their best interests in cases affecting them. Despite this, little is known about social service counselors’ child focus in their practice. In this study, self-reported survey data from 93 counselors working for the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV) were analyzed to explore their child focus.

Findings

Findings suggest that a particular focus on children is no part of common practice among NAV counselors; nor is use or knowledge of The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Knowledge and use of the CRC may be a predictor of child-focused practice. The results showed a significant difference of medium effect size between NAV counselors who ask about children and NAV counselors who do not when it comes to knowledge and use of the CRC.

Applications

Policy makers and practitioners should utilize NAV's potential as a preventive arena. For NAV counselors to be aware of and support children of social service users they need a stronger focus on children and hence know and use the laws concerning children's rights. Incorporating children's rights into social workers’ education and internal training may strengthen the focus on children in NAV counselors’ practice.
Multiple-objective optimization of heavy-duty compression ignition engine fueled by gasoline/hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel blends at low loads
Authors: Zhang Yanzhi , He Zhixia , Zhong Wenjun , Wang Qian , Li Weimin
Published: August 2021

Multiple-objective optimization of a heavy-duty compression ignition engine fueled by gasoline/hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel (HCB) blends at low loads was performed by employing the KIVA-3V code and genetic algorithm. In addition, the mechanism of multiple-injection and sensitivity of operating parameters on engine performance of the optimal cases were also explored. The results indicated that efficient combustions for G70H30 (70% gasoline and 30% HCB) and G100 (pure gasoline) with ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions could be obtained after optimization. As HCB fraction increases, the ranges of operating parameters become more extensive, and the required initial temperature for optimal cases can be effectively reduced. When the main injection occurs after the ignition caused by pilot injection, main injection moderates the heat release rate (HRR) by creating concentration and temperature stratifications in the spray area simultaneously, and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, pilot, and main start of injections and pilot fraction play dominant roles on engine performance. Moreover, when main injection is much more advanced than the ignition timing, main injection controls the HRR only through the concentration stratification in the reaction zone, and the EGR rate, initial temperature, and pilot faction have dominated effects on engine performance.
On what matters: Reply to Glover and Galgut
Authors: Cordeiro-Rodrigues Luís
Published: August 2021

This short piece is a reply to Galgut and Glover’s comment on my article. I put forward two responses to their contentions. Firstly, I uphold that they misinterpret my argument, attribute to me claims I do not make, and offer responses that do not challenge my core thesis. Secondly, I demonstrate that the examples of racialization I provide are relevant for the animals-off-the-menu proposal.
Detection of ADHD From EEG Signals Using Different Entropy Measures and ANN
Authors: Catherine Joy R. , Thomas George S. , Albert Rajan A. , Subathra M.S.P.
Published: August 2021

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent behavioral, cognitive, neurodevelopmental pediatric disorder. Clinical evaluations, symptom surveys, and neuropsychological assessments are some of the ADHD assessment methods, which are time-consuming processes and have a certain degree of uncertainty. This research investigates an efficient computer-aided technological solution for detecting ADHD from the acquired electroencephalography (EEG) signals based on different nonlinear entropy estimators and an artificial neural network classifier. Features extracted through fuzzy entropy, log energy entropy, permutation entropy, SURE entropy, and Shannon entropy are analyzed for effective discrimination of ADHD subjects from the control group. The experimented results confirm that the proposed techniques can effectively detect and classify ADHD subjects. The permutation entropy gives the highest classification accuracy of 99.82%, sensitivity of 98.21%, and specificity of 98.82%. Also, the potency of different entropy estimators derived from the t-test reflects that the Shannon entropy has a higher P-value (>.001); therefore, it has a limited scope than other entropy estimators for ADHD diagnosis. Furthermore, the considerable variance found from potential features obtained in the frontal polar (FP) and frontal (F) lobes using different entropy estimators under the eyes-closed condition shows that the signals received in these lobes will have more significance in distinguishing ADHD from normal subjects.
Scoping Review: Ethical Considerations in Online Ethnographic Research With Military Populations
Authors: Schuman Donna L. , Highfill Christine , Johnson Amy , Henderson Stephanie , Ognyanova Pavleta
Published: August 2021

Researchers using online ethnographic methods to study military communities must employ higher standards of ethical practice. Military populations may face significant risk if reidentified in research. These requirements are especially salient for online data collection. This review questions how and to what extent military online ethnographers are addressing ethics considerations. We charted evidence from seven military studies using an online ethnographic method. Findings reveal that most online military ethnographers did not utilize sufficient ethical safeguards in their studies. Additionally, they did not document or transparently disclose the ethical steps they may have taken. This study argues implementing ethical safeguards is especially important for protecting vulnerable military populations. We present a strategy for evaluating ethics practices in online ethnographic research and provide best practices for military online ethnographers.
Use of an Abductor Pollicis Brevis Tendon Slip for Reconstruction of the Radial Collateral Ligament of the Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint: An Anatomical Investigation
Authors: Schmidt Gregory J. , Crosby Nicholas E. , Merrell Gregory A.
Published: August 2021

Background

Reconstruction of the radial collateral ligament (RCL) of the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint is commonly performed for chronic injuries. This study aims to evaluate the anatomical feasibility and reliability of using the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) tendon to reconstruct the RCL.

Methods

Ten cadaver arms were dissected to evaluate the relationship between insertions of the RCL and APB. A slip of the APB was divided from tendon and reflected proximally. The dissected tendon was deemed sufficient for reconstruction if it could be reflected to the footprint of the RCL origin. The size of the dissected APB slip was then compared with that of the RCL.

Results

The dissected slip of the APB could be fully reflected proximally to the RCL origin in all specimens. The APB insertion was also found to be closely approximated to the RCL insertion, averaging 2.1 mm distal and 1.8 mm dorsal. Significant differences existed between the lengths ( P < .001) of the APB slip and RCL, with no significant difference in widths ( P = .051).

Conclusions

A sufficient APB tendon slip can be obtained to reliably reconstruct the RCL of the thumb MP. The location of the APB insertion closely approximates the RCL insertion.
Sonographic appearances of hobnail papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report of a rare tumour
Authors: Karunaratne Dilhara , Zhang Ting-Ting , Ali Zainab Al Shiekh , Moore Andrew , Kirkland Paul , Howlett David
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Hobnail papillary thyroid carcinoma is a rare, recently described papillary thyroid carcinoma variant, with potential for a more aggressive clinical course of disease and poorer prognosis.

Case report

A 53-year-old man presented with a left thyroid mass. The ultrasound features of this mass included a predominantly cystic appearance with mobile internal echoes, vascularised internal septations, and murally based solid material. These ultrasound features were not deemed malignant by classification standards, which led to the patient being managed with active surveillance. However, the mass grew quickly and the patient underwent diagnostic hemithyroidectomy which led to hobnail variant papillary thyroid carcinoma being found on pathology.

Discussion

The ultrasound features of the hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma have not been previously described in detail in the literature and, in this case, are features that would not be deemed malignant by classification standards. The rapid growth of the mass is what led to clinical suspicion of malignancy and resulted in diagnosis.

Conclusion

The hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma may not have typical ultrasound findings associated with malignancy. Careful clinical correlation is advised in order to discern this difficult diagnosis and to facilitate appropriate treatment.
Cultural bridges and reimagined geographies: International students navigating and engaging the complex cultures present in the academic world of Taiwan
Authors: Kheir Zane
Published: August 2021

With the growth of higher education literature featuring emerging study destinations and new demographics of international students facilitated by government scholarships, scholars must address how students desire and imagine culture and diversity in study-abroad experiences and what impact these experiences have on cultural imaginaries and future aspirations. This article introduces a case study in Taiwan (officially Republic of China), an emerging study destination that attracts international students through government scholarships and accentuates powerful cultural discourses based on both Chineseness and Western-style development. Through qualitative interviews and analysis based on ‘capacity to aspire’, it examines students’ desires and perceptions of ‘culture’, their susceptibility to institutional cultural narratives, and ability to enact individual agency and reimagine culture and geography independently from ‘host images’ portrayed by institutions. A key finding is how students develop aspirations for their classmates’ home countries based on new perceptions of culture and place, revealing a new dimension of South–South student mobilities.
Relationships between heart rate variability and indirect indicators of hydration status in elite male field hockey players
Authors: Vescovi Jason D , Mandic Iva , Watson Greig
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between resting morning heart rate variability (HRV) metrics and indirect markers of hydration status in elite male athletes. Twenty-two field hockey players (age 26.8 ± 3.4 yr; height 178.4 ± 6.3 cm; body mass 76.2 ± 7.4 kg) were monitored over 10-d during a pre-Olympic training camp. Measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) during an orthostatic challenge, urine specific gravity (Usg, first morning void) and body mass were captured on seven of the mornings. Individual generalized linear mixed models evaluated the relationships between supine and standing HRV metrics with Usg and day-to-day change in body mass. No meaningful relationships were identified between supine (estimates −0.002 to 0.001) or standing (−0.002 to 0.003) HRV metrics and Usg as well as between supine (−0.003 to 0.016) or standing (−0.004 to 0.006) HRV metrics and changes in body mass. These outcomes indicate that supine and standing HRV metrics are not influenced by indirect indices of hydration status in elite male field hockey players.
Cement venogram as a harbinger of methacrylate embolism after kyphoplasty: A case series
Authors: Szachowicz Peter J , Gross Thomas J
Published: August 2021

Vertebral compression fractures remain an important cause of pain and debility. Intractable pain may be approached with vertebral kyphoplasty. We herein present a case of symptomatic pulmonary cement embolism following kyphoplasty. Discovery of a paravertebral cement venogram at the time of this procedure prompted a case series review of our institutional experience with kyphoplasty. We found that cement embolization, whether symptomatic or discovered incidentally, was universally associated with a cement venogram at the site of vertebroplasty. We propose that a cement venogram be viewed as a harbinger of cement pulmonary embolism and this possibility be considered in patients with an existing intracardiac shunt or who present with new respiratory symptoms soon after kyphoplasty.
Unusual Location of a Fungus Ball: The Concha Bullosa, a Review of the Literature
Authors: Bijou Walid , Abdulhakeem Bushra , Choukry Karim , Oukessou Youssef , Rouadi Sami , Abada Reda , Roubal Mohammed , Mahtar Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Introduction

The fungal balls of the paranasal sinuses are usually seen in the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. Although, the lesion of the concha bullosa, without sinus participation, is very uncommon. We report the case of a fungal ball of concha bullosa in an 88-year-old patient.

Objective

The objective of our review of literature is to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic characteristics of patients diagnosed with fungus ball in concha bullosa.

Methods

A case of a patient who was diagnosed with concha bullosa of a fungus ball is reported. Demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging, and treatments were recorded. Key images were obtained. A review of the literature was also performed.

Results

A total of 12 cases have been reported so far in the literature revealed by different symptoms. The mean age was 38.8 years and the gender ratio was ∼12 (female):1 (male). The endoscopic surgical approach was the most frequently used treatment and provides good outcomes. Neither postoperative complications nor recurrences were noted, however, there is insufficient follow-up data.

Conclusion

Concha bullosa fungal ball is a rare diagnosis that can be revealed by different symptoms. It should be considered in patients with and unexplained chronic facial pain. A preoperative computed tomography scan is an essential tool in making a diagnosis. Endoscopic surgery is the treatment of choice, with a low morbidity and recurrence rate.
“You Are Going to School”: Exploring the Precollege Experiences of First-Year Black Males in Higher Education
Authors: Hines Erik M. , Mayes Renae D. , Hines Mia R. , Henderson Jerrod A. , Golden Monique N. , Singleton Paul , Cintron Dakota W. , Wathen Bobbi-Jo , Wright Christopher G. , Vega Desireé , Slack Tyron
Published: August 2021

Black males are often underrepresented in postsecondary education settings and frequently encounter many barriers in getting to college. Our aim in this qualitative investigation was to understand the precollege and college experiences of Black males who successfully enrolled in a postsecondary institution. Through a focus group interview, seven Black males in a living and learning community shared their experiences prior to and during enrollment at a highly selective, predominantly White institution. We used the grounded theory approach ( Strauss & Corbin, 1998 ) to analyze the focus group data and pinpoint thematic explanations of precollegiate and collegiate experiences of Black males. Based on the thematic findings, we offer specific recommendations on how school counselors can help Black males prepare and eventually matriculate in higher education.
Novel Approach to Endoscopic Foreign Body Retrieval From the Gastric Body
Authors: Cohen Jason , Ferm Samson , Schwarzbaum David , Tsistrakis Steven , Hussain Syed , Kim Sang Hoon
Published: August 2021

Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common occurrence in the United States with a reported incidence of 120 per 1 million people, accounting for up to 1500 fatalities annually. The majority of FB ingestions will pass through the gastrointestinal tract spontaneously, while in 10% to 20% of patients, intervention will be necessary. A variety of endoscopic devices can be utilized to facilitate FB removal from the gastrointestinal tract, including snares, retrieval nets, and grasping forceps. We report the case of a 58-year-old female who required utilization of endoscopic scissors for FB removal in the setting of multiple failed attempts with traditional methods. This case highlights a novel approach to gastric FB removal utilizing endoscopic scissor forceps, which should be considered in select cases to further improve the efficacy of endoscopic FB removal and reduce the need for surgical intervention.
Reproductive Health Concerns of Women With High Risk Sexual Behaviors
Authors: Zenouzi Azade , Rezaei Elham , Behboodi Moghadam Zahra , Montazeri Ali , maani Sakineh , Vasegh Rahimparvar Seyedeh Fatemeh
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Expansion of reproductive health services and addressing its different aspects in national and international levels is an important step towards ensuring family and public health. Female sex workers are a vulnerable population that are exposed to high risk sexual behaviors and increased incidence of co-morbid health problems. This study aims to identify the concerns of women with high risk sexual behaviors. Clarifying different aspects of reproductive health and its problems in female sex workers can assist relevant authorities to plan and intervene on reproductive health and to provide more effective solutions on this issue.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis approach. Snowball sampling was performed in 20 volunteer women with high risk sexual behaviors through in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted in drop-in centers, triangle centers, etc. The data were analyzed through conventional content analysis using the MAXQDA software.

Results

Five main categories and 13 subcategories emerged during the interviews. The main categories included violence, fear, and lack of knowledge, stigma, and psychological problems. Women with high risk sexual behaviors have several reproductive health concerns, including unwanted pregnancy, abortion, STIs (Sexually transmitted infections ), HIV, etc. In addition, different types of violence and threats against women, intimidation, objectification, stigma, unresponsiveness of counselling centers, patriarchal culture, gender inequality, etc. were observed in these women.

Conclusion

The study revealed that women in this study experienced deep problems of reproductive health and little attention is paid to them by authorities. Proper planning and appropriate solutions should be provided to solve the problems of these women and the society.
Modeling the relationships between historical redlining, urban heat, and heat-related emergency department visits: An examination of 11 Texas cities
Authors: Li Dongying , Newman Galen D , Wilson Bev , Zhang Yue , Brown Robert D
Published: August 2021

Place-based structural inequalities can have critical implications for the health of vulnerable populations. Historical urban policies, such as redlining, have contributed to current inequalities in exposure to intra-urban heat. However, it is unknown whether these spatial inequalities are associated with disparities in heat-related health outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine the relationships between historical redlining, intra-urban heat conditions, and heat-related emergency department visits using data from 11 Texas cities. At the zip code level, the proportion of historical redlining was determined, and heat exposure was measured using daytime and nighttime land surface temperature (LST). Heat-related inpatient and outpatient rates were calculated based on emergency department visit data that included ten categories of heat-related diseases between 2016 and 2019. Regression or spatial error/lag models revealed significant associations between higher proportions of redlined areas in the neighborhood and higher LST (Coef. = 0.0122, 95% CI = 0.0039–0.0205). After adjusting for indicators of social vulnerability, neighborhoods with higher proportions of redlining showed significantly elevated heat-related outpatient visit rate (Coef. = 0.0036, 95% CI = 0.0007–0.0066) and inpatient admission rate (Coef. = 0.0018, 95% CI = 0.0001–0.0035). These results highlight the role of historical discriminatory policies on the disparities of heat-related illness and suggest a need for equity-based urban heat planning and management strategies.
A Comparative Assessment of the Functioning of Autonomous District Councils and Panchayati Raj Institutions in India: A Case Study of the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council
Authors: Behera Bhagaban
Published: August 2021

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 provided the Constitutional machinery for rural governance in India, whereas the tribal-dominated states under 5th and 6th schedules of the Constitution were allowed either to introduce Panchayati Raj Institutions or to continue with their traditional self-government institutions. In conformity with Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992, the state of Tripura passed the Tripura Panchayat Act in 1993 and established a three-tier structure with the Gram Panchayat as the lowest tier, the Panchayat Samitis at the block level and Zilla Parshad at the district level. Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) was set up in 1985 under the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution with aims to protect the social, economic and cultural interests of the tribal population and to promote the all-round socio-economic development of the territory covered by the TTAADC. Like the three-tier system in Panchayati Raj Institutions, TTAADC has a similar structure like District Council at district level, Block Advisory Council at block level and Village Council at village level. The present article assesses the similarities and differences in the functioning of these two systems in the state of Tripura. The article is based on both primary and secondary data. The qualitative and quantitative data were collected through structured schedule from different stakeholders and Focus Group Discussions from the village-level respondents.
Ecology, Gender and Social Crises: North Bengal in 1896–1897 Famine
Authors: Ghosh Tirthankar
Published: August 2021

The present article deals with the ecology and social aspects of famine of 1896–1897 in north Bengal. Ecological issues were no less important to convert the drought or scarcities into famines, even though the human agencies played a crucial role towards the intensification of the famines in colonial India. Famines had provided a major blow to the social ecology of dependency and survival, which were critically manifested through the transformation of existing social norms and cultural values, especially for the women. The responses of women towards the emerging social crises and to the government relief operations were mixed with hesitancy and desperateness, which was further influenced by changing norms of feminine ‘modesty’ and ‘values’. Thus the gendering of famine is deeply rooted in the cultural response of women to the natural disasters, and north Bengal remained as a principal site of gendered response where the women attitude towards the 1896–1897 famine can be best understood.
Hindutva: The Larger than Life-size Dream Realized
Authors: Kalva Swamy
Published: August 2021

This article deals with the recent issues of rising mob lynchings, atrocities on Dalits, Adivasis and religious minorities across the state. This study asserts that the Hindutva ideology itself is violence provoking one and the Sangh Parivar has started implementing its ideas into practice now. By committing these atrocious acts by the Hindutva mobs and the BJP governments holding the constitutional position and encouraging the mobs to commit the crimes reflects the same—to send a clear message to the religious minorities to live as second class citizens or else leave the country nothing less or nothing more. And nobody is going to escape this larger than life-size ambition of the RSS that India should be a Great Hindu Nation again like the ancient times.
Congestion and observability across interdependent power and telecommunication networks under seismic hazard
Authors: Talebiyan Hesam , Leelardcharoen Kanoknart , Dueñas-Osorio Leonardo , Goodno Barry J , Craig James I
Published: August 2021

This article quantifies the seismic performance of interdependent electric power and telecommunication systems, while also identifying variables with the highest impact on design. We introduce interdependent power and telecommunication models, which probabilistically simulate the physical dependency of telecommunication systems on power via interdependent adjacency and coupling strength, while a topology observability analysis quantifies the cyber dependency of the power system on telecommunications. We also use new functionality-based performance measures, including data congestion in telecommunications and partial observability in power systems, given communication demands upsurging after earthquakes. As an application, our methodology assesses the performance of stylized power and telecommunication systems in Shelby County, TN. Results show that neglecting retrials, congestion, and power interdependency lead to significant overestimation of the performance of telecommunication systems, particularly at low-to-medium hazard levels. Sensitivity results also reveal that decreasing the strength of coupling across systems is one of the most effective ways to improve the seismic performance of evolving cyber-physical systems, particularly when increasing observability in the power system through telecommunication end offices with richer data flow pathways.
ML-ANet: A Transfer Learning Approach Using Adaptation Network for Multi-label Image Classification in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Li Guofa , Ji Zefeng , Chang Yunlong , Li Shen , Qu Xingda , Cao Dongpu
Published: August 2021

To reduce the discrepancy between the source and target domains, a new multi-label adaptation network (ML-ANet) based on multiple kernel variants with maximum mean discrepancies is proposed in this paper. The hidden representations of the task-specific layers in ML-ANet are embedded in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) so that the mean-embeddings of specific features in different domains could be precisely matched. Multiple kernel functions are used to improve feature distribution efficiency for explicit mean embedding matching, which can further reduce domain discrepancy. Adverse weather and cross-camera adaptation examinations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our proposed ML-ANet. The results show that our proposed ML-ANet achieves higher accuracies than the compared state-of-the-art methods for multi-label image classification in both the adverse weather adaptation and cross-camera adaptation experiments. These results indicate that ML-ANet can alleviate the reliance on fully labeled training data and improve the accuracy of multi-label image classification in various domain shift scenarios.