bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prophylaxe der kaninen Parvovirose
Authors: Bergmann Michèle , Freisl Monika , Hartmann Katrin
Published: February 2021

Die kanine Parovirose ist eine hochansteckende und nach wie vor häufige Infektionskrankheit. Alle Hunde sollten daher zu jeder Zeit geschützt sein. Die humorale Immunität nimmt dabei eine zentrale Bedeutung ein. So lässt der Nachweis von Antikörpern bei erwachsenen Hunden auf einen vorliegenden Schutz schließen und die überwiegende Mehrheit erwachsener Hunde hat spezifische Antikörper gegen CPV aufgrund einer vorangegangenen Impfung oder Infektion. Mittlerweile empfehlen Expertengremien weltweit Antikörpermessungen als Alternative zu routinemäßigen Wiederholungsimpfungen im Abstand von 3 Jahren bei adulten Hunden. Aktiv gebildete Antikörper induzieren einen nahezu lebenslangen Schutz. Wiederholungsimpfungen führen bei Hunden, die bereits Antikörper aufweisen, nicht zu einem Anstieg des Antikörpertiters. Eine Wiederholungsimpfung ist daher nur beim Fehlen von Antikörpern sinnvoll. So lassen sich unnötige Impfungen (und damit potenzielle unerwünschte Wirkungen) vermeiden. Mit dem Hämagglutinationshemmtest und dem Serumneutralisationstest kann die Höhe des Antikörpertiters im Labor bestimmt werden. Praxistaugliche Schnelltests liefern anstelle eines Antikörpertiters semiquantitative Ergebnisse. Da bei erwachsenen Hunden, die geimpft sind oder eine Infektion überstanden haben, der Nachweis von Antikörpern in jeglicher Höhe mit dem Schutz vor Parvovirose gleichzusetzen ist, eignen sich diese Tests besonders im Rahmen der Gesundheitsvorsorge zur Erkennung ungeschützter Hunde, um diese dann gezielt zu impfen. Zur Beurteilung der Qualität der Testsysteme ist eine hohe Spezifität und eine damit einhergehende niedrige Anzahl falsch-positiver Ergebnisse wichtig.
Hund und Katze als Spiegel der menschlichen Seele? – Eine Prä-Post-Interventionsstudie mit qualitativer Evaluation
Authors: Hopf Joana , Edelhäuser Friedrich , Neumann Melanie
Published: February 2021

Hund und Katze können durch ihr Verhalten unbewusste Probleme oder Erkrankungen ihrer Tierpartner spiegeln. Eine achtsame und reflektierte Haltung dem Tier gegenüber lässt diese Spiegelungen durch den Selbsterfahrungskurs „Dein Tier als Spiegel Deiner Seele“ erkennen. Zukünftig können diese Erkenntnisse in der ganzheitlichen Tiermedizin, der Psychotherapie und Selbsthilfe genutzt werden. Derzeit wird der Kurs mit einer größeren Stichprobe an Hunden und Pferden untersucht.
Diagnostik der Epilepsie – Möglichkeiten der Magnetresonanztomografie
Authors: Drexlin Jana C. , Schweizer Daniela , Stein Veronika M.
Published: February 2021

Epilepsie ist eine neurologische Erkrankung, die dem Kleintierpraktiker im klinischen Alltag häufig begegnet. Die Erkrankung umfasst eine Vielzahl klinischer Ausprägungen und Ätiologien und die klinische Aufarbeitung bedarf in vielen Fällen einer kostenaufwendigen und umfangreichen Diagnostik. Diese ist notwendig, um eine metabolische Ursache für die Krampfanfälle festzustellen oder auszuschließen bzw. zwischen idiopathischer und struktureller Epilepsie unterscheiden zu können. Für die Klassifikation der Epilepsie ist die Untersuchung mittels Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) ein zentraler Bestandteil der Diagnosefindung, die sich entscheidend auf Therapie und Prognose auswirkt. Die Standardisierung von MRT-Protokollen hat große Bedeutung, um eine einheitliche Untersuchung und vergleichbare Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Dies kann die Kommunikation und Interaktion zwischen klinischen Einrichtungen erleichtern und die Möglichkeit bieten, noch unerkannte strukturelle Veränderungen im MRT zu erfassen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschäftigt sich im Zentralen mit der Definition und Klassifikation der Epilepsie sowie der bildgebenden Diagnostik der Epilepsie beim Hund und nimmt Bezug auf Statistiken und Empfehlungen von Spezialisten zur klinischen Fallaufarbeitung.
Measuring Fibrinolysis
Authors: Longstaff Colin
Published: February 2021

Physiological fibrinolysis under normal conditions progresses slowly, in contrast to coagulation which is triggered rapidly to stop bleeding and defend against microbial invasion. Methods to detect fibrinolysis abnormalities are less simple and poorly standardized compared with common coagulation tests. Fibrinolysis can be accelerated by preparing euglobulin from plasma to reduce endogenous inhibitors, or by adding plasminogen activators to normal plasma. However, these manipulations complicate interpretation of results and diagnosis of a “fibrinolysis deficit.” Many observational studies on antigen levels of fibrinolysis inhibitors, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 or thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, zymogen or active enzyme have been published. However, conclusions are mixed and there are clear problems with harmonization of results. Viscoelastic methods have the advantage of being rapid and are used as point-of-care tests. They also work with whole blood, allowing the contribution of platelets to be explored. However, there are no agreed protocols for applying viscoelastic methods in acute care for the diagnosis of hyperfibrinolysis or to direct therapy. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the dangers of associated coagulopathy provide new challenges. A common finding in hospitalized patients is high levels of D-dimer fibrin breakdown products, indicative of ongoing fibrinolysis. Well-established problems with D-dimer testing standardization signal that we should be cautious in using results from such tests as prognostic indicators or to target therapies.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: Practical Considerations and Remaining Issues
Authors: Beyer-Westendorf Jan
Published: February 2021

Preventing thromboembolic events, while minimizing bleeding risks, remains challenging when managing patients with atrial fibrillation. Despite large and successful trial programs, several clinical concerns remain which commonly relate to fears of over- or underexposure to drugs and unfavorable outcomes. After a short summary of the main phase III trial findings, this short review discusses the evidence and clinical relevance of common clinical concerns (correct direct oral anticoagulant [DOAC] dosing; DOAC in moderate-to-severe renal impairment; and the relevance of fasting, nasogastric tube feeding, or high body mass index) on DOAC plasma levels. Finally, the need for specific DOAC antidotes will be addressed.
Die Weisheit der Vielen – Das Delphi-Verfahren
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: February 2021

Kaum ein Begriff in der Forschung hat so viele Bezeichnungen wie „Delphi“. Selbst Experten nutzen unterschiedliche Formen: Delphi-Technik, -Methode, -Methodik, -Prozess und -Verfahren. Claudia Pott beschäftigte sich im Rahmen des Masterstudiengangs „Angewandte Versorgungsforschung“ an der Katholischen Stiftungshochschule München damit, was genau Delphi denn nun eigentlich ist.
And the winner is ... – physioscience-Preis 2020 verliehen
Authors: Pötting Andrea
Published: February 2021

Physiotherapeutin Vivien Gers gewinnt den mit 3.000 Euro dotierten physioscience-Preis 2020. In ihrer qualitativen Arbeit setzte sie sich mit der Hypothesenbildung im therapeutischen Alltag auseinander. Sie konnte zeigen, dass die Begriffe Hypothese und Hypothesenbildung derzeit in der Physiotherapie ungenau benutzt werden und dass die meisten Annahmen, die Therapeuten täglich treffen, keinen Hypothesenstatus erreichen.
GTH 2021 State of the Art—Cardiac Surgery: The Perioperative Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ranta Laura , Scala Emmanuelle
Published: February 2021

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe, immune-mediated, adverse drug reaction that paradoxically induces a prothrombotic state. Particularly in the setting of cardiac surgery, where full anticoagulation is required during cardiopulmonary bypass, the management of HIT can be highly challenging, and requires a multidisciplinary approach. In this short review, the different perioperative strategies to run cardiopulmonary bypass will be summarized.
Laudatio Prof. Dr. med. habil. Hans-Egbert Schröder zum 80. Geburtstag
Authors: Tausche Anne-Kathrin
Published: February 2021

Wir möchten in diesem Format einen großen ostdeutschen Rheumatologen, unseren ehemaligen Chef, Emeritus Herrn Prof. Dr. med. habil. Hans-Egbert Schröder anlässlich seines 80. Geburtstages würdigen.
Screening for Cancer in Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Blondon Marc
Published: February 2021

Active cancer causes approximately 25% of all acute events of venous thromboembolism (VTE). While most of the cancer diagnoses are known or clinically apparent at the time of VTE, care providers and patients may be worried about the 3 to 8% risk of occult cancer occurring in the year after VTE. Several studies have compared limited to extensive cancer screening after acute VTE, especially with the addition of abdominal computed tomography (CT) or whole-body PET-CT, with the hope to shorten the time to cancer diagnosis and lead to less advanced cancer stages. These studies have not shown improved clinical outcomes with an extensive screening, and have led to current recommendations of limited screening for cancer in patients with acute VTE, including unprovoked cases. Several risk assessment models have been developed to identify patients at greatest risk of occult cancer, however, with low discriminative performances and no current clinical usefulness. Some clinical situations may empirically deserve a more thorough cancer screening, such as unprovoked upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), bilateral leg DVT, descending leg DVT, or recurrent VTE during anticoagulation.
GTH 2021: ACROSS BORDERS
Authors: Alberio Lorenzo
Published: February 2021

“Bienvenue!”, “Benvenuti!”, “Willkommen!”, “Welcome!” to the GTH 2021 congress, simply online … worth experiencing. During the Opening Ceremony, which will take place on Monday, February 22, you will enjoy, among other inspiring presentations (check on www.gth2021.org), the Alexander Schmidt Lecture held by the Awardee Markus Bender. The corresponding manuscript by Bender and Palankar,1 masterfully summarizing recent findings on the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton and lamellipodia structures to platelet function, opens this year's congress issue of Hämostaseologie – Progress in Haemostasis.
Die Konzeptualisierung nymphomanischer Zustände in den Lehrbüchern der deutschsprachigen Schulpsychiatrie vom Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts bis heute
Authors: Rendel Teresa , Steinberg Holger
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund Die vorliegende Chronologie soll einen Überblick über die Auffassungen zur Nymphomanie in der Geschichte der deutschsprachigen Schulpsychiatrie der vergangenen 200 Jahre geben.

Fragestellung Welche Kontinuitäten bestehen über diese Zeit in der Vorstellung über die Ätiologie, die Diagnosestellung, die Klassifikation oder über Therapieempfehlungen? Welcher Wandel ist feststellbar? Wurde das gesteigerte sexuelle Verlangen der Frau als Erkrankung oder eher als Symptom gesehen? Welche Bedeutung wurde der Sexualität der Frau vonseiten der Psychiatrie in der jeweiligen Epoche zugemessen? Welche Ursachen können für die Deutungen der jeweiligen Zeit benannt werden?

Methodik Es erfolgte die kursorische Durchsicht der einflussreichsten deutschsprachigen psychiatrischen Lehrbücher der jeweiligen Zeit in chronologischer Kontinuität. Anhand der Fragestellung wurden relevante Textstellen eruiert, eingehend analysiert und unter Berücksichtigung des historischen Kontextes miteinander verglichen.

Ergebnisse Zur Wende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert kann ein klarer Bruch im Krankheitsverständnis der Nymphomanie festgestellt werden. Im 19. Jahrhundert wurde von einer schweren psychischen Erkrankung ausgegangen, die zumindest anteilig durch eine periphere Erkrankung der weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane und dem mit diesen verbundenen Nervensystem verursacht wurde und in irreversible terminale psychische Zustände übergehen könne. Im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert wechselt das Krankheitsverständnis zwischen Sexualneurose und funktioneller Sexualstörung, die auf den Symptomenkomplex der Hypersexualität beschränkt ist. Ursächlich dafür ist einerseits die mit einer umfassenden Neuklassifikation psychischer Erkrankungen insgesamt veränderte Diagnosestellung, die im 19. Jahrhundert als nymphomane eingeordenete Symptome sowohl manischen als auch schizophrenen Erkrankungen zuordnet, andererseits eine veränderte Wahrnehmung weiblicher Sexualität im gesellschaftlichen Diskurs. Das Verschwinden der Diagnose Nymphomanie aus der 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases ist Ausdruck dieses Wandels.

Schlussfolgerung Die Vorstellung von Nymphomanie ist im Laufe der Zeit erheblichen Änderungen unterworfen. Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts ändert sich das Krankheitsverständnis maßgeblich, sodass sogar in eine frühe und eine späte Phase unterschieden werden kann. Die Diagnose ist obsolet geworden.
Research on linking molecules in colloidal gels helps improve their tunability
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: February 2021

Linking molecules offer novel self-assembling strategies for colloidal gels.
Digital strategies for structured and architected materials design
Authors: Bonfanti Silvia , Guerra Roberto , Zaiser Michael , Zapperi Stefano
Published: February 2021

Designing materials with tailored structural or functional properties is a fundamental goal of materials science and engineering. A vast research activity is currently devoted to achieving metamaterials with superior properties and optimized functionalities by carefully fine tuning both the microstructure and geometry of the material. Here, we discuss the impact of digital technologies in this research field by providing fast and cost effective tools to explore a large array of possibilities for materials and metamaterials. We report on recent progress obtained by combining numerical simulations, optimization techniques, artificial intelligence, and additive manufacturing methods and highlight promising research lines. The exploration of the space of possible material microstructures and geometries is reminiscent of the process of biological evolution in which traits are explored and selected according to their fitness. Biomimetic materials have long profited from adapting features of biological systems to the design of new materials and structures. Combining biomimetic approaches with digital simulation and optimization and with high throughput fabrication and characterization techniques may provide a step change in the evolutionary development of new materials.
Flow and thermal characteristics of three-dimensional turbulent wall jet
Authors: Kakka Priyesh , Anupindi Kameswararao
Published: February 2021

In the present work, a three-dimensional turbulent wall jet is simulated using large-eddy simulation to characterize its flow and thermal characteristics. The solver is first validated for streamwise velocity decay, wall-normal and spanwise spread rates, and mean and second-order flow statistics using reference experimental data from the literature. The mean vorticity transport equation for the streamwise component is analyzed to identify the dominant terms that contribute to the large spanwise spread of the jet. The terms that contain Reynolds normal stresses are identified as major contributors to a large mean streamwise component of vorticity. The mean streamwise and wall-normal components of vorticity are studied for their evolution and contribution to the spanwise spread. It was found that both these components together aid in the large spanwise spread of the jet. The heat transfer characteristics are studied for the jet flow on a heated isothermal wall. The profiles of mean and fluctuating temperatures, the evolution of the Nusselt number, and turbulent heat flux characteristics are studied. The streamwise evolution of Nusselt number behavior is explained using instantaneous vortical structures. A significant drop in heat transfer is observed in the potential core region. Further, the turbulent heat flux contours show that the transport of heat in the streamwise direction is different from that of the plane wall jet. A peculiar turbulent heat transport was found in the analysis of the spanwise heat flux. The heat transfer characteristics noted for the three-dimensional wall jet may help in the design and analysis of film-cooling applications.
Neural mode jump Monte Carlo
Authors: Sbailò Luigi , Dibak Manuel , Noé Frank
Published: February 2021

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are a powerful tool for sampling equilibrium configurations in complex systems. One problem these methods often face is slow convergence over large energy barriers. In this work, we propose a novel method that increases convergence in systems composed of many metastable states. This method aims to connect metastable regions directly using generative neural networks in order to propose new configurations in the Markov chain and optimizes the acceptance probability of large jumps between modes in the configuration space. We provide a comprehensive theory as well as a training scheme for the network and demonstrate the method on example systems.
Emergence of FRESH 3D printing as a platform for advanced tissue biofabrication
Authors: Shiwarski Daniel J. , Hudson Andrew R. , Tashman Joshua W. , Feinberg Adam W.
Published: February 2021

In tissue engineering, an unresolved challenge is how to build complex 3D scaffolds in order to recreate the structure and function of human tissues and organs. Additive manufacturing techniques, such as 3D bioprinting, have the potential to build biological material with unprecedented spatial control; however, printing soft biological materials in air often results in poor fidelity. Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) is an embedded printing approach that solves this problem by extruding bioinks within a yield-stress support bath that holds the bioinks in place until cured. In this Perspective, we discuss the challenges of 3D printing soft and liquid-like bioinks and the emergence for FRESH and related embedded printing techniques as a solution. This includes the development of FRESH and embedded 3D printing within the bioprinting field and the rapid growth in adoption, as well as the advantages of FRESH printing for biofabrication and the new research results this has enabled. Specific focus is on the customizability of the FRESH printing technique where the chemical composition of the yield-stress support bath and aqueous phase crosslinker can all be tailored for printing a wide range of bioinks in complex 3D structures. Finally, we look ahead at the future of FRESH printing, discussing both the challenges and the opportunities that we see as the biofabrication field develops.
Recent advances on polymeric hydrogels as wound dressings
Authors: Pan Zheng , Ye Huijun , Wu Decheng
Published: February 2021

Severe hemorrhage is a leading cause of high mortality in critical situations like disaster, accidents, and warfare. The resulting wounds could induce severe physical and psychological trauma to patients and also bring an immense socio-economic burden. Hence, rapid hemostasis and wound healing techniques have become critical initiatives for life-saving treatment. Although traditional methods relying on bandages and gauzes are effective in controlling hemorrhage, they suffer from several limitations: nonbiodegradability, being susceptible to infection, being unsuitable for the irregular wound, secondary tissue damage, and being almost ineffective for wound healing. Owing to the merits of high porosity, good biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and being beneficial for wound healing, hydrogels with excellent performance have drawn intensive attention and numerous novel effective hydrogel dressings have been widely developed. In this Review, after introducing some commonly used strategies for the synthesis of hydrogels, the most recent progress on polymer-based hydrogels as wound dressings is discussed. Particularly, their hemostasis, antibacterial, and biodegradation properties are introduced. Finally, challenges and future perspectives about the development of hydrogels for wound dressings are outlined.
Molecular mechanisms of assembly and TRIP13-mediated remodeling of the human Shieldin complex
Authors: Xie Wei , Wang Shengliu , Wang Juncheng , de la Cruz M. Jason , Xu Guotai , Scaltriti Maurizio , Patel Dinshaw J.
Published: February 2021

Significance

We report on X-ray and cryo-EM structural studies on the assembly of the human Shieldin complex composed of SHLD2, SHLD3, and REV7, as well as its complex with bound TRIP13 toward understanding the principles underlying TRIP13-mediated disassembly of Shieldin. Our studies identify a conformational heterodimeric alignment of open (O) and closed (C) conformers of REV7 when bound to a fused SHLD2–SHLD3 construct. The AAA
+
ATPase TRIP13 captures the N terminus of C-REV7 (REV
NT
) within its central hexameric channel, with the rotatory motion associated with sequential ATP hydrolysis within individual TRIP13 subunits. This facilitates the stepwise pulling of the REV7
NT
through the central channel, resulting in initial disassembly of C-REV7 followed by dissociation of the Shieldin complex.
Preparation of in situ Cr@Graphene/Fe nanocomposite inoculant and its refining effect on microstructure and properties of W18Cr4V high-speed steel
Authors: Bai Lina , Cui Chunxiang , Wang Tiebao , Cui Sen , Han Xuhao , Kang Licong
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the design and preparation of a Cr@Graphene/Fe nanocomposite inoculant via in situ synthesis in a vacuum tube furnace and mechanical grinding in a ball grinder, where material thermodynamics were considered to refine W18Cr4V high-speed steel (HSS). The effect of modification on the microstructure of W18Cr4V HSS was evaluated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The [Formula: see text] planes of the Fe3W3C phase and[Formula: see text] planes of the Cr7C3 phase had collaborative points in the reciprocal space, indicating a coplanar relationship between the Fe3W3C and Cr7C3 lattices. This contributed to an improved nucleation rate and refined matrix structure. The mechanical properties of the W18Cr4V HSS, namely hardness, wear mass, and impact energy, exhibited an overall improvement after modification. Specifically, the hardness and impact toughness after modification and heat treatment increased to 65.2 HRC and 0.209 MJ m−2, respectively.
Magnetic phase transition and lattice dynamic features in ErB2C borocarbide
Authors: Novikov V V , Kuznetsov S V , Mitroshenkov N V , Matovnikov A V , Ponkratov K V , Konoplin N A , Tolstosheev A K , Bud’ko S L
Published: February 2021

A sample of erbium borocarbide ErB2C was synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of erbium, boron, and pyrographite hydride. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and lattice parameters of borocarbide at 2–300 K were experimentally investigated, the Raman spectrum was determined and analyzed. Sharp anomalies in the heat capacity and magnetic properties of ErB2C near T = 16.3 K, caused by the transition to the antiferromagnetic state, as well as diffuse anomalies at a higher temperature, caused by the effect of the crystal field (Schottky anomalies) were revealed. It was found that the magnetic phase transition does not cause measurable anomalies in the lattice parameters of borocarbide due to the weak coupling between the Er3+ ion subsystem and the B–C layers. Almost zero thermal expansion of erbium borocarbide in the basal plane (along a and b axes) (anisotropic invar effect) as well as an unusual character of the c-axis thermal expansion were observed. The first of these features is due to the high bonding energy in the B–C layers and the weak bond between the layers in the borocarbide crystal lattice. It was found that the anomalous expansion along the c axis is a consequence of the action of the crystal field. The splitting scheme for the ground level of Er3+ ions by crystal field was determined from the analysis of the Schottky anomaly of the heat capacity.
Thermal fluctuations in superconducting phases with chiral d + id and s symmetry on a triangular lattice
Authors: Groshev A G , Arzhnikov A K
Published: February 2021

The behavior of thermal fluctuations of a superconducting order parameter with extended s and chiral d + id symmetry is investigated. The study is carried out on a triangular lattice within the framework of the quasi-two-dimensional single-band model with attraction between electrons at neighboring sites. The method of consistent consideration of the order parameter fluctuations and the charge carrier scattering by fluctuations of coupled electron pairs, based on the theory of functional integration is used. The distribution functions of the phase fluctuation probabilities depending on temperature and charge carrier concentration are obtained. The temperature dependences of the amplitudes of the averaged superconducting order parameter are calculated. A phase diagram of superconducting states is constructed for the entire range of variation in the charge carrier concentration 0 < n < 2. Near the boundaries of this range, topologically trivial superconducting states with extended s symmetry are realized, while a superconducting state with topologically nontrivial chiral d + id symmetry is realized between them. The calculated anomalous self-energies are compared with the experimental ones obtained using machine learning techniques
Base-metal thermocouple tolerances and their utility in real-world measurements
Authors: Webster Emile
Published: February 2021

The reference functions and tables for base-metal thermocouples, which relate temperature and electro-motive-force, are specified by thermocouple type, rather than by alloy composition. The common thermocouple types—E, J, K, N, and T—are required to meet the specifications within defined tolerance bands; referred to as either limits-of-error (ASTM, US) or class (IEC, UK and Europe). In this requirement hides a fundamental problem: the tolerances are a manufacturing specification. Despite this, the tolerances are often used as a proxy for expected behaviour. However, these thermocouple types are subject to rapid and irreversible changes after short exposure times to modest temperatures. Thus, tolerance statements are poor predictors of in-use behaviour. This paper initially reviews the development of the base-metal thermocouples before identifying many of the metallurgical processes that lead to departures from the accepted tolerance bands. Focus is specifically given to the processes that occur in several type K and N thermocouples, which exemplify the changes common in the other base-metal thermocouples. From these results, it is shown that the use of traditional calibration techniques can be a futile exercise. Comparisons are then made between as-received thermocouples and those given thermal treatments, that have been designed to allow meaningful calibration while also inhibiting drift. These results show that thermal treatments and calibration are a practicable means to minimise drift over typical periods of use while offering small uncertainties, well within the span of manufacturing tolerances. Lastly it is suggested manufacturers give more information on the testing used to establish conformance with tables and reference functions and that they follow standardised testing procedures.
One-step control of hierarchy and functionality of polymeric surfaces in a new plasma nanotechnology reactor
Authors: Zeniou A , Smyrnakis A , Constantoudis V , Awsiuk K , Gogolides E
Published: February 2021

Hierarchical micro-nanostructured surfaces are key components of ‘smart’ multifunctional materials, used to control wetting, adhesion, tactile, friction, optical, antifogging, antibacterial, and many more surface properties. Hierarchical surfaces comprise random or ordered structures ranked by their length scale spanning the range from a few nanometers to a few micrometers, with the larger microstructures typically embedding smaller nanostructures. Despite the importance of hierarchical surfaces, there have been few studies on their precise and controlled fabrication or their quantitative characterization, and they usually involve multiple and complex fabrication steps. Here, we present a new plasma nanotechnology, which we term ‘nanoinhibit’, and a new plasma reactor for producing in one facile process-step-controlled hierarchy at will on polymeric surfaces. We couple the new plasma nanotechnology with detailed computational nanometrology based on the analysis of scanning electron microscopy images and targeted to specific functionality. We showcase the potential of ‘nanoinhibit’ for functional surface fabrication by controlling the wetting and optical functionality of the fabricated hierarchical surfaces and showing its dependence on surface morphology metrics. Finally, we observe that ‘nanoinhibit’ produces a new class of ‘strong hierarchical’ surfaces exhibiting spatially separated periodic and fractal-like components.
Particle-in-cell simulations of heat flux to tokamak divertors in an oblique magnetic field
Authors: Men Zongzheng , Xiang Nong , Ou Jing , Wang Xueyi
Published: February 2021

The management of excessive heat flux to tokamak divertors is one of the most important issues, especially for long-pulse operations of EAST. Different simulation codes based mainly on fluid models have been developed to study the physical processes in edge plasma, including the heat flux to divertor target plates. In these simulations, only the neutral region is included and the heat flux is estimated by using energy transmission coefficients based on a simplified sheath model. In this paper, particle-in-cell simulations are conducted to study the heat flux flowing to the EAST divertor target plates by taking the sheath into account. It is found that the parallel electron velocity distribution function (VDF) in the sheath is a cut-off Maxwellian distribution so the electron sheath energy transmission can be obtained analytically, while ion VDFs in the sheath strongly depend on the incident angle between the magnetic field and divertor target plates. For a small incident angle, in the sheath, the ions move along open orbits and are accelerated mainly in the direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the magnetic field and target plates due to the Lorentz force. An analytical expression for the ion heat flux to the target plates is presented and the obtained results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Energy relaxation and heating in the afterglow of high electric field ns-discharges in ambient air using spontaneous Raman scattering
Authors: Brisset Alexandra , Guichard Florestan , Cessou Armelle , Tardiveau Pierre
Published: February 2021

The spatio-temporal rovibrational excitation and relaxation mechanisms of N2(X) in the post-discharge of a 10 ns high-voltage diffuse discharge are studied by spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS). It is shown that the vibrational excitation of nitrogen molecules remains high despite the strong electric fields applied during the discharge itself and the relaxation processes are similar to lower voltage ns discharges. The main differences with the lower field discharges are rather visible at the beginning of the discharge with a specific spatial volume distribution and a significant vibrational non-equilibrium between v = 0, 1 and v > 1. The spatial distribution of the rovibrational excitation of the diffuse discharge is very wide radially, consistent with the sustainability of fields greater than 100 Td over nearly 8 mm during propagation. The initial rovibrational excitation is inhomogeneous along the axis. The gas temperature reaches up to about 1200 K close to the pin (85 kV, ambient air) while it remains below 500 K in the rest of the volume. It is possible to control the heating of the discharge without greatly modifying the energy transfer mechanisms by adjusting the duration of the voltage pulse. In terms of reactivity, high atomic oxygen densities seem to be very localized in the vicinity of the pin (1024 m−3 at 1.5 mm from the pin, corresponding to about 20% dissociation). This inhomogeneity reflects the distribution of energy in the volume of the discharge. The main effects of humidity are also studied. It amplifies the fast heating and accelerates the decay of atomic oxygen in the post-discharge. No significant acceleration of the V–T relaxation of nitrogen due to the addition of water vapour was observed for the studied conditions. A shock wave was identified which is triggered at around 500 ns.
η
i-mode in toroidal plasmas with anisotropic ion temperature and its gradient
Authors: Jia M.X. , Li J.C. , Liu S.F. , Kong W. , Zhu K.E. , Dong J.Q.
Published: February 2021

The gyrokinetic integral eigenmode equation is applied to study ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) mode in toroidal plasmas with magnetic shear, where the ion temperature and its gradient are anisotropic. The numerical studies demonstrate that instability of ITG mode is reduced by an ion temperature anisotropy of higher perpendicular temperature T
i⊥ or high enough parallel temperature T
i∥, in which Landau damping plays an important role. The temperature gradient in the perpendicular (parallel) direction is stronger to drive ITG mode for large T
i⊥ (T
i∥). These effects are directly related to the temperature gradient threshold for excitation of ITG mode. In addition, the synergy effect of magnetic shear and anisotropy of ion temperature and its gradient is studied in detail, where the combination of magnetic shear and large parallel temperature has the most obvious inhibitory effect on ITG mode.
Random Vibration Fatigue Life Estimation of Power Controller
Authors: Ye Shuai Hong
Published: February 2021

The power controller will be subjected to random external excitation loads during use. When subjected to high stress levels for a long time, the structure is prone to random fatigue failure, resulting in structural failure. Therefore, the prediction of the random vibration fatigue life of the power controller is very necessary. In this paper, Nastran software is used, Miner linear cumulative fatigue damage method combined with Gaussian three-interval method to calculate random fatigue of the structure. The final example shows the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
Research on Application of Energy-saving Technology Based on Computer Theory in Green Building Engineering
Authors: Huang Cheng
Published: February 2021

Low-carbon life has always been a green lifestyle that our country often advocates. As a symbolic color for energy saving, green is also designed as a symbolic representative color for energy saving and emission reduction. For now, energy conservation and emission reduction have become the subject of our sustainable economic and social research. With the continuous expansion of the energy consumption of buildings in various cities in our society, our natural environment has become even worse. However, the current housing construction is the most important goal for the prosperity of urbanization proposed by our country. On this basis, scholars put forward the main topic of green building. Especially under the current situation, the combination of green building and computer-related energy-saving and emission-reduction theories may be the most in line with the energy-saving standards of the advanced era[1-2].
The Ecological Concept Based on Big Data is Integrated into the Strategy Analysis of Landscape Design
Authors: Cao Chunna
Published: February 2021

With the constant development of economy in our country, the city process also significantly faster, now is becoming more and more good urban design and planning, urban greening and landscape is also more and more common, people has higher requirement to the residential environment in the city now, today’s landscape is the important content of ecological planning in the city, and a good set a good natural landscape can not only to the city image, also can bring the city live people a good ecological environment, it can greatly improve the quality of people’s happiness and life. At the same time, good landscape can also reduce the harm of automobile exhaust, absorb harmful gases. Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to the ecological environment. Under such circumstances, the ecological concept should be integrated into the landscape design in the construction to achieve the purpose of environmental protection.
Performance Analysis of Real Estate Management Entities Based on DEA Model and BP Neural Network Model
Authors: Tao Fanghong
Published: February 2021

Based on the financial report data of Listed Companies in 2015 and taking profitability as the criterion, this paper selects 40 real estate enterprises as samples, and analyzes the operation performance of the real estate industry by using data envelopment analysis method and BP neural network model. The results show that the scale benefit of the industry still exists, but it is no longer significant, and the development mode of the industry is in place. In the period of obvious change, the operation and management of real estate enterprises are becoming more and more mature, and the optimal allocation of resources has been basically achieved at the macro level of resource utilization, but the industry needs to be further improved in fine management, practical human resources management, supervisory management and other aspects. Excellent management team is the key of success in enterprises development.
Block Chain Based Supply Chain Financial Risk Management Research
Authors: Yao Fengge , Qin Zenan
Published: February 2021

The current supply chain finance risk management has problems such as asymmetric operation information and difficult risk control, for this reason, this paper proposes a research on supply chain finance risk management based on block chain technology. Combining the technical characteristics of block chain and the business model of supply chain finance, we analyze the causes of its operational risk, trade authenticity risk, payback risk and contingency risk, and use the physical sensors to react and track data in real time to improve the efficiency of supply chain risk control; replace the signing of legal documents in various disciplines with electronic signatures to solve the problem of trade authenticity risk; program the transaction contract and contract-related clauses to provide trust for both sides of the transaction and improve transaction efficiency. Implement a comprehensive risk management strategy, design early warning and emergency management processes, and realize supply chain financial risk management based on block chain technology.
Research on Building Electrical Design Based on Computer-Aided
Authors: Wu Guizhou
Published: February 2021

Computer aided electrical design (hereinafter referred to as electrical CAD) refers to the application of computer aided design in the design of electrical parts in many industries. Electrical CAD application includes all aspects of electrical engineering. The application of computer in electrical design system is very important and extensive. After the computer is put into use in circuit design, relay protection design and auxiliary management, it has played a certain role in promoting the operation and development of the whole electrical industry. Computer software should be tailored to the needs of different customers. It is necessary to gradually subdivide the development of the user market and expand the new direction of the market, and continuously develop more targeted and professional building electrical computer aided software to meet the needs of production and design. In this paper, the application of computer aided in building electrical is discussed and studied in detail[1].
Using Computer Aided Technology to Design Performance Evaluation System of E-commerce Park A
Authors: Wu Haiyan
Published: February 2021

The scientific performance evaluation system is very important for giving full play to the supervisory and constructive functions of performance evaluation in the field of business parks. Based on the theory of stakeholders, this paper uses computer-aided technology to research and put forward the design method of performance evaluation system for e-commerce parks, and designs performance evaluation system from the characteristics of key stakeholders, audit evaluation indicators, audit standards and other aspects. Finally, the practical application results show that the proposed optimization method of e-commerce park performance evaluation system is reasonable and operable.
Talk about the Application of CAD in Soil and Water Quality Assessment
Authors: Chen Jin
Published: February 2021

With the increasing ecological environment problems such as soil erosion and wind and sandification in recent years, mankind has realized the necessity and the importance of protecting the environment, and has begun to study this problem continuously, hoping to find an effective solution to the ecological environment management, so that human development can maintain a balance with nature. In this environment, many disciplines have come into being, and soil and water protection is one of them. Soil erosion (also known as soil erosion) is a global environmental problem, and it is of great significance to control soil erosion as one of the measures to improve the overall ecological environment. “Digital soil and water culture” has become the inevitable trend of the modernization and information development of soil and water, and “computer-aided design technology” as its component is being widely used in soil and water science research, planning, design, construction and management. Therefore, through the analysis of the examples of computer-aided design applied accurately in soil and water protection drawing, this paper aims to further improve and pay attention to the research of the basic technology of “digital soil and water protection”, so as to lay the foundation for the comprehensive meeting of the “digital information” society. The computer-aided design has great advantages in the monitoring of large-scale ecological resources and environment, and has the advantages of fast, intuitive and wide monitoring area, so this paper explores the application of computer-aided design in soil and water conservation assessment.
Applied Research on the Construction of Pastoral Complex based on the FANP and GIS under the Creative Agriculture Model
Authors: Chen Juanjuan
Published: February 2021

The creative agriculture model is an important guide for rural social and economic development in China in the new era. It is also an important foundation for promoting beautiful rural construction and promoting agricultural transformation and upgrading. Under the construction of the creative agriculture model, the construction of rural rural complex is to stand in a new historical period, plan a new pattern of rural economic development and let the construction of beautiful villages be implemented. Based on the creative agriculture model, this paper analyzes the construction significance of the rural rural complex and on this basis, from the three aspects of exploring the new model of rural and rural complex, excavating and constructing local culture and closely fighting poverty, it elaborates the creativity. Using FANP model (Fuzzy Network Analysis Model) and GIS spatial analysis technology, the suitability grade of pastoral complex construction was quantitatively evaluated. The realization strategy of rural rural complex under the construction of agricultural model.
The Application of Computer Technology in Urban Survey
Authors: Ma Ming
Published: February 2021

The computer measurement control system ensures the safe and normal operation of the equipment in urban survey. If we want the equipment to be able to contribute its own role in a long period of time, we must timely maintain the safety performance of the computer measurement control system to ensure its stability and security. Make the equipment better for urban measurement to provide more efficient, more favorable, more accurate service. With the development of computer technology, the experience of using computer technology in surveying and mapping circles at home and abroad shows that it has great advantages to process survey information by computer. In this paper, several of the most common computer technology used in urban survey are selected and discussed.
Research on the Application of Data Encryption Technology Based on Network Security Maintenance in Computer Network Security
Authors: Zhang Na
Published: February 2021

The rapid development of computer technology and the extensive coverage of computer network have promoted the rise of Chinese computer industry in the 21st century. But while computer technology benefits mankind, it also carries great potential risks. For example, the loss or damage of key data, the disclosure or abuse of personal privacy, has undoubtedly brought serious losses to human society. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and make good use of data encryption technology, and to increase the defense line for computer network security, so as to maintain computer network security and reduce the possibility of information being tampered with or stolen. Based on the current situation of computer network security and the necessity of strengthening computer network security, this paper analyzes the factors affecting computer network security, points out the classification and value of data encryption technology, thus provides a scientific theoretical basis for the application of data encryption technology in computer network security.
Research and Exploration of Water Storage Law in Goaf of Merger and Reorganization Coal Mine Based on Computer
Authors: Qu Nianhua , Wang Haitao , Song Xin , Cheng Tong , Wang Yajun
Published: February 2021

With the application of modern technology represented by computer, in recent years, the probability of coal mine safety production accidents has been declining. However, the current coal mine water disasters still occur, and a considerable proportion of accidents are caused by water inrush from goaf. The destructive characteristics of coal mine goaf water make it necessary to carry out the relevant research on the occurrence law of coalmine goaf water. Based on this, this paper first analyses the characteristics of water disaster in the goaf of merger and reorganization coal mine, then studies the computer-based investigation and exploration mode of water accumulation in the goaf of merger and reorganization coal mine, and finally puts forward the prevention and control strategy of water accumulation in the goaf of merger and reorganization coal mine based on computer.