bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the immunogenicity of the live attenuated influenza vaccine produced in continuous cell line
Authors: Wolkerstorfer Andrea , Katinger Dietmar , Romanova Julia
Published: February 2018

The biological basis for the restricted immunogenicity of some live attenuated influenza vaccine strains generated on the backbone of the cold adapted (ca) A/Singapore/1/1957/ca (H2N2) influenza A virus master strain and produced in the Vero cells was investigated. According to our previous results the vaccine candidate made from A/Hong Kong/1035/1998 (H1N1) Vero-derived virus did not provoke a measurable antibody titers following the intranasal immunization of humans. We report here that the hemagglutinin (HA) of A/Hong Kong/1035/1998 virus contained the mutation 10Ile→Val in the HA2 subunit, that increased the pH threshold of HA conformational change (pH of activation) by 0.3 pH units and therefore might be responsible for the lack of immune response in humans. Similar effect was shown for the reassortant made from the Vero-derived A/Switzerland/5389/1995 (H1N1) (5389wt) virus which had the HA2 mutation 3Phe→Leu leading to the lack of immune response in mice. Another factor compromising the immunogenicity of a vaccine candidate is the incompatibility of epidemic virus HA with the M gene of the master strain. In mice the 6/2 A/Switzerland/5389/1995 reassortant induced antibodies that were directed predominantly to the HA2 subunit and were detectable by ELISA but not by a hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. In contrast, the 5/3 reassortant, bearing the HA, neuraminidase (NA), and M genes from the epidemic virus induced an equivalent amount of antibodies against the HA1 and HA2 subunits detected by HAI and ELISA. By comparing the sensitivity of the viruses to amantadine, we showed that the M2 ion channel of the master strain had lower activity than that of the A/Switzerland/5389/1995. These data suggest that M2 of the master strain was not sufficiently active to keep the pH of the trans- Golgi network high enough to prevent the conformational change of the acid sensitive HA to the low pH form.

Overall, the adaptation mutations in the HA of the vaccine candidate that increase the pH of HA activation as well as the incompatibility of HA and M genes must be taken into consideration when constructing the reassortant strains for the live attenuated vaccine.
Влияние единичных аминокислотных замен в гемагглютинине вируса гриппа В/Флорида/04/2006 ямагатской эволюционной линии на антигенные и рецепторсвязывающие свойства
Authors: Сорокин Е. В. , Царева Т. Р. , Соминина А. А. , Писарева М. М. , Комиссаров А. Б. , Кошелева А. А.
Published: February 2018

Известно, что рецептором для проникновения в клетку хозяина для вирусов гриппа A и В служат углеводные цепи, терминированные остатками нейраминовой кислоты. Тип связи между сиаловой кислотой (sialic acid, SA) и соседним остатком галактозы (Gal) является одной из главных характеристик, определяющих тип рецептора. Вирусы гриппа узнают на поверхности клетки SAα2-3Gal-или SAα2-6Gal-структуры. Птичьи изоляты вирусов гриппа A связываются с SAα2-3сиалированными цепями, тогда как вирусы гриппа А человека – с SAα2-6Gal. Рецепторсвязывающая специфичность вирусов гриппа B изучена мало, однако известно, что вирусы разновидности Ямагата преимущественно узнают олигосахариды, терминированные SAα2-6Gal, тогда как вирусы генетической линии Виктория узнают оба типа сиалозидов. Используя четыре вируснейтрализующих моноклональных антитела (монАТ): 10F4, 8Н11, 8Н3 и 9А3, – мы получили эскейп-мутанты вируса гриппа В/Флорида/04/2006 ямагатской линии. При анализе последовательности гемагглютинина (HA) выявлено, что НА эскейп-мутантов, индуцированных монАТ 10F4, 8Н11, 8Н3 и 9А3, несут следующие единичные аминокислотные замены: 40Tyr→His, 85His→Tyr, 202Asn→Lys и 242Ser→Arg соответственно. Показано, что замены 202Asn→Lys и 242Ser→Arg приводят к изменению рецепторсвязывающей специфичности вируса. Полученные данные имеют важное значение для понимания роли отдельных аминокислотных остатков HA в формировании рецепторсвязывающих свойств вирусов грип-па В ямагатской эволюционной линии, что позволяет прогнозировать возможные пути эволюции этих вирусов.
The challenges of creating a universal influenza vaccine
Authors: Egorov Andrej Y.
Published: February 2018

The lack of population immunity to the periodically emerging pandemic influenza strains makes influenza infection especially dangerous. The fragmented nature of the influenza virus genome contributes to the formation of influenza virus reassortants containing genomic fragments from different strains. This mechanism is the main reason for the natural influenza virus antigenic diversity as well as for the occurrence of influenza pandemics. Vaccination is the best measure to prevent the spread of influenza infection, but the efficacy of existing vaccines is not sufficient, especially for the elderly and small children. Specific immunity, developed after disease or immunization, poorly protects against infection by influenza viruses of another subtype. In this regard, there is an urgent need for a more effective universal influenza vaccine that provides a long-lasting broad cross-protective immunity, and is able to protect against influenza A and B viruses of all known subtypes. The basic approaches to as well as challenges of creating such a vaccine are discussed in this review.
Development of the A/H6N1 influenza vaccine candidate based on A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) master donor virus and the genome composition analysis using high resolution melting (HRM)
Authors: Desheva Yulia A. , Smolonogina Tatiana A. , Landgraf Galina O. , Rudenko Larisa G.
Published: February 2018

The avian influenza viruses of H6N1subtype present a potential danger for humans. The cold-adapted (ca) reassortant influenza virus A/17/herring gull/Sarma/2006/887 (H6N1) was obtained in chicken embryos by the genetic reassortment based on the cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) master strain. The genome composition of the obtained reassortant was analyzed by means of real-time PCR with the high resolution melting (HRM) analysis using the intercalating fluorescent dye EvaGreen. Analysis of the gene segments showed that the reassortant A/17/herring gull/Sarma/2006/887 (H6N1) contains the internal proteins coding genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) of the master donor virus and the surface antigens coding genes of the A/herring gull/Sarma/51c/2006 (H6N1) avian influenza virus. The study of the phenotypic properties showed that the virus A/17/herring gull/Sarma/2006/887 (H6N1) is temperature sensitive (ts), ca in chicken embryos, and attenuated in mice when administered intranasally. This reassortant can be recommended as a live influenza vaccine candidate for humans.
Being Indigenous in the Bureaucracy: Narratives of Work and Exit
Authors: Lahn Julie
Published: February 2018

Australia’s civil service has had some success in attracting substantial numbers of Indigenous employees. But significant numbers also regularly exit the bureaucracy. Retaining Indigenous employees is recognised as an ongoing difficulty for government. This research with former and current Indigenous civil servants outlines factors they identify as contributing to decisions to leave the bureaucracy. A key finding involves their general sense of being underutilised and undervalued— that forms of experience and understanding as Indigenous people go largely unrecognised within government, which in turn constrains their potential to meaningfully contribute to improving government relations with Indigenous Australians or to enhancing the effectiveness of the bureaucracy more broadly. Work as an Indigenous civil servant emerges as a space of contestation with the possibilities and limits of statecraft.
With Or Without Rutabaga?
Authors: Brunswick Gary
Published: February 2018

The case involves a small local business (family-owned) which produces and sells an interesting food product – the pasty.  The business is quite profitable, and potential growth options are contemplated, including but not limited to geographic expansion, online sales, focus on developing brand equity, product line extension, or maintaining the status quo.
Radio Daze
Authors: Balfanz Henry B.
Published: February 2018

Radio has been a part of the American advertising landscape since the 1920s. Many threats to the industry have been thwarted by the strength and effectiveness of the medium. Prior to the deregulation of the industry in the 1990s and the technological change of the 21st century, there were literally hundreds of small entrepreneurs, owning one or two stations, spread across the country. This is the mythical story of Gus Rowekamp, who owns two stations in a midsize Midwestern market. He hangs on as an owner/operator, putting most of his focus on the efforts of his advertising sales staff.
Tasawuf dan Tantangan Perubahan Sosial
Authors: Otta Yusno Abdullah
Published: February 2018

Sufism in the eras of globalization and information often faces considerable challenges. The function and role of religion in modern life have in some aspects diminished, including sufism because it is claimed to have played no or less role in resolving problems nor stimulating social change. As one of Islamic traditions, sufism makes ihsan as its essential teaching. By this concept, sufism encourages humans to pray to God wholeheartedly. Sufism is now required to show its own existence and function by making fundamental contribution for modern life, an era which differ socio-culturally from the one when sufism firstly emerged. Sufism thus needs to adapt itself to the changes in the era of information and globalization so that it will remain relevant and suitable for human progress. Sufism needs to release itself from its exclusivism and to avoid being trapped in its own logic, namely speculative-trancendentalism
A Study Of Digital Record Storage Management Institutions In Art Archive Indonesian Visual Art Archive
Authors: Akbar Muhammad , Winoto Yunus , Rohanda Rohanda
Published: February 2018

This study aims to determine the digital archive storage management conducted Indonesian Visual Art Archive which includes the acceptance stage archive, metadata archives, archive conversion, digital archive storage, retrieval and archive and archive evaluation stage. The location of this research done in archives art Yogyakarta Indonesian Visual Art Archive. The method used in the study used a qualitative approach with case study. As for the technique of data collection is done through observation, interview and literature study. Based on the results of this research note that the digital archive management activities undertaken archives art Yogyakarta Indonesian Visual Art Archive is a form of awareness of the importance of art as archive footage of historical development and culture. As for the digital archive management activities are some steps being taken begins with the acceptance of the archive, metadata archives, archive conversion, digital archive storage, retrieval and archive and archive evaluation stage. In this digital archive management does not have a cycle of destruction of records for each archive is a work of art performers. In addition, the digital archive storage management activities in archives art Yogyakarta Indonesian Visual Art Archive is supported by a clear procedural system.
Effects of Processing Treatments on the Chemical Composition of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) Milk Products
Authors: Abubakar Hafiz , Atiku Muhammad , Alhassan Adamu , Sa'id Amina
Published: February 2018

Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) is an edible perennial grass-like plant that has long been recognized for its health benefits as it is rich in fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and natural sugars. It can be eaten raw, roasted or made into a refreshing milk which is very nutritive and healthy for consumption. There were several efforts to mass-produce the locally prepared tiger nut milk in our locality, but the fact that it has a shorter shelf-life, brings about a hindrance. The main objective of the present study is to unveil the cause for the easily spoilage of tiger nut milk and device ways to promote its production using different treatments. Tiger nut milk products were prepared using different methods; water soaked tiger nut milk (WSTM), toasted tiger nut milk (TTM), methanol soaked tiger nut milk (MSTM), and the pasteurised tiger nut milk (PTM). Each of these milk proucts prepared was divided into two portions; the first portion is treated with an antibiotic preservative, Nisin and the second portion was left untreated. The two portions were further divided into two; one stored at refrigerating temperature and the other at room temperature, making four different treatments per mixture and a total of 16 samples. These samples were subjected to proximate analysis; protein, fat, moisture, ash and carbohydrate. The chemical composition of the samples was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by processing treatment. All the samples had high moisture content, and a considerable amount of fat. The preservative treated samples that received pasteurized treatment were found to stay more than a week with fair quality. Findings from the study shows that the chemical characteristics of the various milk products were significantly affected by the different processing treatments.
Development of Ingenious Technique for Salmonella Decontamination of Spices Using Hybrid Technology of Ozone-Pulsed UV
Authors: Sudershan Rao V. , Chakravarthy D.P. , Naveen Kumar R.
Published: February 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of using hybrid technology of ozone pulsed UV to decontaminate Salmonella on spices such as chilli and pepper. The effect of ozone in combination with UV was tested against the pure culture of Salmonella. The results indicated that 0.2 ppm concentration of ozone was very effective in reducing (2 log reduction) the Salmonella population. Effect of ozone and extended duration of UV on Salmonella showed a significant reduction at 0.2 ppm (5 log), 0.8 ppm (2 log) and 1.4 ppm (5 log) along with 20 min of extended UV exposure. Inactivation of Salmonella in chilli (six trials) and their log reduction by ozone with extended UV indicated a significant reduction of 1 log at 1.4 ppm conc. of ozone and 15 min of exposure time along with 30mins of UV exposure. Similarly 2 log reduction of Salmonella was observed in pepper. Analysis of moisture, ash and fat content of ozone treated and non treated spice samples indicated that they are not significant to each other. The results demonstrated that the hybrid technology of ozone pulsed UV is an effective alternative microbial reduction technique for spices.
Formulation and Standardization of Dill Based Gherkin Pickles: A Study on Physico-Chemical and Sensory Attributes
Authors: Sahoo Madhusmita , Prakash Jamuna
Published: February 2018

Pickles occupy an important place among the processed traditional foods in India. Pickling of vegetables with traditional herbs and spices has good scope for the trade development overseas as India is the second largest vegetable producer in the world. Different variants of gherkin (Curcumis anguria) pickles were developed using the traditional herb dill leaves (Anethum graveolens), dill flavour and spices available locally. The pickles were freshly packed in glass jars through aseptic packing technology by the use of vacuum sealing and pasteurization. The physico-chemical properties and sensory attributes of the freshly packed pickles (soon after pasteurization) in comparison with the pickles post completion of the osmosis process i.e. after 15 days of stabilization period were studied. The study showed that use of Dill alone or along with other spices in either fresh or dehydrated form, enhanced the flavour profile of gherkin pickles. All the variants were very well accepted among the panel in pre- and post-stabilization. Pickles were stabilized well after 15 days of storage. Sodium benzoate used as preservative in two pickle variants enhanced the shelf life without affecting the acceptance criteria/sensory parameters of the vacuum sealed pickles. Though this study focused only on gherkin pickles, dill leaves can be very well explored in other vegetable products that can be processed and stored for longer time.
Effect of a Single Session of Acute Aerobic Exercise on the Activities of High Density Lipoprotein Enzymes
Authors: Bannikoppa Priyanka S. , Uthappa Sheila , Thomas Tinku , Kurpad Anura V. , Mani Indu
Published: February 2018

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be an anti-atherogenic molecule and its beneficial function is driven by a number of enzymes such as LCAT (Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase), PON1 (Paraoxonase 1), PAF-AH (Platelet-Activating Factor Acetyl Hydrolase) and CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein). Low HDL-C level is the most prevalent dyslipidemia seen in India and exercise is one reliable way to improve its levels. While acute exercise is known to increase HDL-C levels, not much is known about its effects on HDL functions. This study was aimed at assessing the effect of a single bout of acute aerobic exercise on key HDL functions. Ten healthy adult male volunteers (20-35 years) were made to exercise at 65-80% VO2 max to expend 200 Kcal using a modified Bruce protocol. Plasma samples were collected at different time points (before exercise, 15 min, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours post-exercise) for analysis of HDL anti-inflammatory function and its related enzyme activities. Friedman ANOVA followed by post-hoc Wilcoxon matched pair test, showed that PON1 activity increased immediately but reached significance 48 hours post-exercise (Z = -2.666, p = 0.008). CETP and LCAT activities were decreased significantly at the 4th hour post-exercise and continued to be low even up to 48 hours (Z = -2.666, p = 0.008), whereas HDL-C levels, MPO activity and HDL-II did not vary significantly at different time points. Enhanced activity of the antioxidant enzyme PON1, in combination with decreased activities of pro-atherogenic enzymes CETP and LCAT suggest that even a single bout of acute exercise could be effective in eliciting athero-protective changes in HDL function independent of HDL-C levels.
Book Review
Authors: UMA MAGESHWARI S.
Published: February 2018

No Abstract.
La creación en las cartas de Maimónides
Authors: JOSÉ CANO María
Published: February 2018

This essay analyses the passages on Creationcontained in Maimonides’ Letters. There, the Jewish-Andalusian philosopher deals in greater detail with the theories maintained by him in his major works.
Maimónides y la nostalgia de la verdad
Authors: VALLADOLID BUENO Tomás
Published: February 2018

The philosophical interest awakened by the prophetology of the doctrine of Maimonides finds its justification, at least, in the fundamental disposition which, according to the reflexive tradition, should be attached to philosophy as an attitude. But, on the contrary, that interest is also fixed before hand by an outstanding current decrease of those fundamental dispositions in the thinking of some people who are devoted themselves to a hauthy usage of the Reason.
Las circunstancias del acto humano en la filosofía moral de Tomás de Aquino
Authors: TELLKAMP Jorge A.
Published: February 2018

The present article presents the notions of circumstance in the moral philosophy of Thomas Aquinas. In the first place the theoretical framework is outlined, emphasising the concepts of will, object and end. Secondly, the ontology of the circumstances is analysez, showing that they qualify as accidents of voluntary actions as opposed to their substance. Thirdly, the explanatory power of this theory will be looked at. Thus, the conclusions are twofold: (1) the ontology of the theory of circumstances seems to be flawed, and (2) despite this shortcoming, it still has a considerable explanatory force to account for the complexity of voluntary actiosn in particular contexts.
Nicolás de Cusa, entre Tomás de Aquino y Duns Escoto. La defensa de la metafísica creacionista medieval frente a la Postmodernidad. (A través de Inciarte-Llano y Hoff) / Nicholas of Cusa, Between Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus. The Defense of the Medieval Creationist Metaphysics Against postmodernism (Through Inciarte-Llano and Hoff)
Authors: ORTIZ DE LANDÁZURI Carlos
Published: February 2018

This article reconstructs the postmodern debate initiated by Heidegger about the possibility of a creationist metaphysics that could overcome the last impassable difference between «being» and the corresponding «being of entities», in the manner proposed by Inciarte-Llano and Johannes Hoff. Both defend the proposal synthesis made by Nicholas of Cusa between the Thomist and Scotist positions on the metaphysics of creation, on behalf of a principle of either plenitude or analogy. In this regard, both proposals are internally complementary, but are made from very different presuppositions
Fragmentary Metaphysics of the Transcendentals in the Thought of Durandus of Saint-Pourçain
Authors: LLAMAS ROIG Vicente
Published: February 2018

Throughout scattered passages in Quodlibeta Avenionensia and the comments on Liber Sententiarum we can reconstruct the hardly explored core of some metaphysics of the transcendentals in the thought of Durandus of Saint-Pourçain. Bonum: an extrinsic denomination of the entity diverted from the distinctions of negotiantis et ratiocinantis reason, which would redefine evil as disconvenientia, without dismissing its definition as privation of good. The relative being of truth as the relationship of the thing with itself according to its intellective being and its effective real being, or the characterization of the transcendental unum as convenience of the esse individuum to that which exists per illud quod est with explicit veto on the condition of separable accident, outline an original collage, with diverse doctrinal elements, which condemns the dimension of absolute res or the positive formal matrix of the transcendentals.
LA EMPRESAS HOTELERAS ESPAÑOLAS EN CLAVE DE FUTURO: ANÁLISIS DE LA EXPANSIÓN INTERNACIONAL DEL SECTOR
Authors: GARCÍA REVILLA MERCEDES RAQUEL , MARTÍNEZ MOURE OLGA
Published: February 2018

El turismo es, posiblemente, el sector (o uno de los sectores) en los que ha tenido una influencia más importante la globalización de la economía y la mundialización de los mercados. Por ello, las empresas hoteleras (y turísticas en general) se han visto obligadas a desarrollar medidas y estrategias, con el objetivo de ser competitivas en un mercado en el que se difuminan las fronteras y que es cada vez más cambiante. Así, desde la dirección estratégica de la internacionalización, los hoteles españoles han intentado tener una presencia más importante en el mundo. El artículo que ahora se presenta contiene una investigación, para la que se ha utilizado el ránking hosteltur de cadenas hoteleras. Nuestro foco prioritario de atención está en el análisis no sólo del número de establecimientos presentes, sino también del número de habitaciones contenidas en los mismos. También se ha estudiado el presupuesto, puesto que todos estos indicadores, estudiados y analizados conjuntamente, pueden dibujarnos un escenario preciso de la situación actual de la internacionalización de los hoteles.
ENOTURISMO Y TRADUCCIÓN DE CONTENIDOS WEB: ANÁLISIS DE SITIOS ANDALUCES TRADUCIDOS AL ALEMÁN
Authors: CASTILLO BERNAL MARÍA PILAR , RAUM SOPHIA MARIE
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo se centra en la traducción al alemán de contenidos web relacionados con el enoturismo en la región de Andalucía. Se han seleccionado una serie de sitios web de promoción turística de las distintas provincias andaluzas, así como de bodegas, de cara a establecer su disponibilidad en otras lenguas. En el caso de las traducciones al alemán, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de la corrección en el tratamiento de los textos y, especialmente, de los referentes culturales y la terminología vitivinícolas. Los resultados arrojan un panorama heterogéneo, en el que se ha detectado que la corrección de los textos es susceptible de mejora. Con este estudio, esperamos contribuir a una mejor promoción de los productos enoturísticos andaluces.
SATISFACCIÓN Y LEALTAD DEL VISITANTE EN ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA. EL CASO DEL MONUMENTO NATURAL SALTOS DE LA DAMAJAGUA
Authors: ORGAZ AGÜERA FRANCISCO , MORAL CUADRA SALVADOR
Published: February 2018

El ecoturismo se conforma como una actividad turística la cual tiene en cuenta el medio donde es desarrollada dicha actividad, obteniéndose beneficios para la población local donde se inserta y llevada a cabo desde una perspectiva sostenible. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de realizar un análisis de las valoraciones de la lealtad y la satisfacción de los ecoturistas que visitan el Monumento Natural Saltos de la Damajagua, efectuando una metodología cuantitativa basada en la realización de encuestas a estos ecoturistas, donde la satisfacción, y por ende, la lealtad, queda demostrada, volviendo a visitar el destino, o bien, recomendándolo a familiares y/o amigos.
La conservación de la arquitectura y los espacios culturales a principios del siglo XXI. Nuevos instrumentos para el reconocimiento del valor y para la restauración del patrimonio cultural italiano
Authors: Pugliano Antonio
Published: February 2018

En los inicios del siglo XXI, en el ámbito italiano se produjo la maduración de algunas interpretaciones sobre la definición « brandiana » de la restauración. Con el objeto de respaldar la potencialidad operativa de su método, se afirmó que el reconocimiento del valor constituye la acción fundamental de la restauración arquitectónica. Los objetos artísticos y culturales no deben ser considerados únicamente como expresiones simples y aisladas, sino vinculados a su contexto cultural de origen, así como con las costumbres e intenciones que los han determinado. El reconocimiento, implica recurrir a formas organizadas de conocimiento, y entre ellas, la Catalogación de los Bienes Culturales Arquitectónicos demuestra la mayor potencialidad operativa. La Catalogación permite recuperar lazos con la historia de la tutela y desplegar instrumentos y metodología científica adecuados para la práctica de la restauración, asociada a la valorización de la arquitectura y de los espacios culturales.
El expolio del arzobispo Luis Fernández de Córdoba en 1625: el retablo mayor de la parroquia de Guadalcázar y las pinturas del palacio arzobispal de Sevilla
Authors: Japón Rafael
Published: February 2018

Las disputas entre los herederos del arzobispo don Luis Fernández de Córdoba, llevaron a realizar un exhaustivo inventario de todas sus pertenecías estantes en su residencia en Sevilla, para conformar el espolio. Los detalles contenidos en él permiten aportar nueva documentación sobre los retablos que encargó para iglesias cordobesas, y da la oportunidad de conocer como era el Palacio Arzobispal hispalense antes de su reforma barroca.
El Mecenazgo de Don Juan de Sanclemente. Un Cordobés Arzobispo de Santiago
Authors: Yzquierdo Perrín Ramón
Published: February 2018

Don Juan de Sanclemente nació en Córdoba. Se formó en Alcalá, Sigüenza y Valladolid, de cuya Universidad fue catedrático. Pasó luego a ser canónigo de Badajoz, donde conoció a Felipe II, quien lo promovió al episcopado. Fue obispo de Ourense, (1579-1587), y arzobispo de Santiago (1587-1602). Implantó en sus diócesis las disposiciones del concilio de Trento, de donde derivó parte significativa de su mecenazgo: promover la construcción de nuevos coros y otras actuaciones. Los ataques de Drake y la flota inglesa a Galicia, el hambre y pestes que siguieron probaron su fortaleza. La formación de niños y jovenes le llevó a fundar colegios gratuitos y, tras su muerte, el magníficio Colegio de Sanclemente de Pasantes en Santiago.
Piezas inéditas del patrimonio de la abadía del Sacro Monte en Granada
Authors: Peinado Guzmán José A. , Palomino Ruiz Isaac
Published: February 2018

La abadía del Sacro Monte de Granada, a lo largo de su existencia, se convirtió en un centro religioso, académico, cultural y artístico de enorme trascendencia. Los siglos de pervivencia, desde este último aspecto, han permitido que la institución albergue y conserve en su interior un importante patrimonio escultórico, pictórico, textil, mobiliario… En este artículo extraemos y sacamos a la luz un conjunto de piezas desconocidas, de lo más destacado de la escultura de la institución sacromontana, que vienen a completar los estudios que sobre esta materia ya existían.
A função de diretor de escola pública no estado do acre e sua política de formação e remuneração
Authors: Melo Lúcia De Fátima , Torres Mário Roberto Machado
Published: February 2018

O trabalho analisa a função de diretor de escola pública no Estado do Acre e sua política de formação e remuneração, no período de 1996 a 2016. A análise se fundamenta em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e empírica, contando com o aporte teórico dos estudos de Paro (2000, 2003, 2015); Souza (2006; 2010a; 2010b); Oliveira (2004, 2005, 2010 e 2015); Ball (1998); Cruz (2015); Melo (2010) dentre outros. Os aspectos conclusivos da pesquisa indicam que a função não atende aos anseios dos diretores. A formação é considerada insuficiente e a remuneração baixa, diante das responsabilidades que os diretores passaram a ter no conjunto das reformas educacionais ensejadas por uma nova gestão pública.
Privatizing subjectivities: how New Public Management (NPM) is designing a “new” professional in education
Authors: Anderson Gary
Published: February 2018

This study presents a critical analysis of how education and management have been re-articulated by neoliberal policies and practices of new political management. It analyzes these changes in the social sectors and compares them with international policies. These new flexible organizations are part of a growing model of neoliberal business to which some social theorists attribute a growing inauthenticity in organizations (Sennett, 1998), and a development of greater flexibility to respond to the markets and not to satisfy the human needs of those who work in these markets. The study concluded that the competitive model of school management is not only changing what professionals do but who they are. Competition is rebuilding their own identities, both personal and professional.
Gestão por resultados e participação da comunidade escolar: a experiência da rede municipal de educação de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Silva Luiz Fernando da , Duarte Adriana
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral apresentar a repercussão do Programa BH Metas e Resultados (PBHMR) para a gestão das escolas públicas municipais, com foco na participação da comunidade escolar. Este estudo mostrou que a ‘participação’ da comunidade escolar tem-se aproximado da perspectiva gerencial de participação, centralizando a gestão no diretor. Identificou sobreposição de regulamentos, uns ampliando a participação da comunidade escolar na gestão, outros reduzindo-a.
Sistemas de avaliação em larga escala e repercussões em diferentes contextos escolares: limites da padronização gerencialista
Authors: Ivo Andressa Aita , Hypolito Álvaro Moreira
Published: February 2018

O artigo discute como os sistemas de avaliação em larga escala, em especial a Prova Brasil, repercutem em espaços escolares diferentes. A partir de estudo qualitativo em duas escolas, os relatos dos gestores e professoras entrevistadas mostram como os sistemas de avaliação em larga escala têm assumido importância no contexto educacional. A política de índices de qualidade desconsidera as especificidades locais, reforça a competição e a busca desenfreada das escolas por resultados. Os resultados apontam que as políticas gerencialistas de avaliação não garantem a qualidade da educação.
Paradiplomacia y desarrollo económico en la región transfronteriza de Reynosa-McAllen
Authors: Nava Aguirre Karla María , Córdova Bojórquez Gustavo
Published: February 2018

La paradiplomacia es un nuevo fenómeno de participación internacional de gobiernos locales y otras entidades no-estatales. La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la construcción paradiplomática y observar el desarrollo económico en la región transfronteriza Reynosa-McAllen a partir del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN). Se utilizó la investigación cualitativa con un enfoque descriptivo. Los instrumentos de recolección de información fueron la revisión bibliográfica y la entrevista. Los hallazgos demuestran que las actividades de vinculación entre Reynosa y McAllen, obedecen al trabajo en equipo que se realiza principalmente entre el Gobierno Municipal de Reynosa, Gobierno del Estado de Tamaulipas y la organización McAllen Economic Development Corporation (MEDC), que han incrementado la inversión y empleo generando un desarrollo económico en esta región transfronteriza.
Efecto cicatrizante del ungüento de Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. “Chamisa” en ratones Balb/C 53
Authors: Alcedo Carlos , Lopez Chamorro Karin , Lozada Yupanqui Daniel M. , Seminario Unzueta Randall J. , Cueva Mestanza Ruben , Robles Perez Paula
Published: February 2018

Objetivos: Determinar el efecto cicatrizante del ungüento a base de extracto etanólico de las hojas de Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. "Chamisa”, en ratones Balb/c 53. Además determinar la concentración adecuada del ungüento a base de extracto etanólico de las hojas de Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. "Chamisa” y detectar si los metabolitos secundarios participan en forma conjunta en el efecto cicatrizante. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio tipo experimental, de nivel aplicativo, con siete grupos en total y una muestra de 56 ratones Balb/c 53. Se aplicó el método tensiométrico y de Vaisberg, el análisis del test de cicatrización se realizó mediante instrumentos de recolección de datos y finalmente, se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS 24. Resultados: Se observó la variabilidad de las diferencias que existen entre los grupos de control y los tres tratamientos de concentración de Chamisa. Conclusión: se determinó que el ungüento del extracto etanólico de Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. “Chamisa” al 10% presenta actividad cicatrizante en un 75.42%. Se comprobó que el ungüento de Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. “Chamisa” 10%, tiene un mayor porcentaje de cicatrización en comparación con el control positivo, ungüento de Croton lechleri “Sangre de Drago” 10% (54.91% del test de cicatrización).La marcha fitoquimica detectada en el extracto etanólico de las hojas de Dodonaea viscosa Jacq.”Chamisa” contiene: Compuestos Fenólicos, Flavonoides, Alcaloides y Taninos.
La técnica Delphi: Un método de consenso para la investigación en servicios de salud en Latino América
Authors: Palmieri Patrick A.
Published: February 2018

El método de consenso es un grupo de técnicas de investigación utilizado con poca frecuencia para la investigación de servicios de salud en América Latina. El método de consenso proporciona a los investigadores la capacidad de lograr una estimación cuantitativa a través de un enfoque cualitativo. El método de consenso representa un enfoque epistemológico de las ciencias inexactas. Este método que incluye el grupo nominal y la técnica Delphi es útil cuando se requiere un acuerdo de expertos sobre la formulación de recomendaciones, especialmente cuando la evidencia científica no está disponible, las evidencia existentes se debate, o si existe un pequeño equilibrio entre el riesgo-beneficio. El objetivo general es llegar a una conclusión válida, o consenso, de una deliberación grupal repetitiva en respuesta a una pregunta de investigación bien definida. La técnica Delphi es un método esencial para lograr consenso en áreas donde no existía anteriormente evidencia, es limitada, de baja calidad y / o sujeta a debate. Existen cuatro áreas generales en las que los investigadores deberían considerar la técnica Delphi, que incluyen 1) El problema de la investigación no se presta a técnicas analíticas precisas, pero puede beneficiarse de juicios subjetivos sobre una base colectiva; 2) La población de investigación presenta diversos antecedentes con respecto a la experiencia y pericia; 3) Se requieren más sujetos que puedan interactuar eficazmente frente a frente; y 4) El tiempo, los costos y la logística harían inviable las reuniones frecuentes de todos los involucrados. La técnica Delphi crea un entorno estructurado para que los expertos evalúen la mejor información disponible relacionada a una pregunta de investigación y formulen soluciones para responder a esta pregunta a través de un proceso concreto. En general, la técnica Delphi es un poderoso método de investigación cualitativo que debe utilizarse en la investigación de servicios de salud en América Latina.
Teleologia encykliki "Veritatis Splendor" św. Jana Pawła II w świetle "Summy Teologii" św. Tomasza z Akwinu (I−II, q. 18, a. 6)
Authors: Mrozek Michał
Published: February 2018

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie nauczania Kościoła jako wykraczającego poza błędny i rozłączny podział etyki na deontologię i teleologię. Autor przypomina szerokie tło przemian kulturowych, które towarzyszyły kontrowersjom wokół encykliki bł. Pawła VI "Humanae vitae". Teologiczna kontestacja nauczania Magisterium była powodem napisania przez św. Jana Pawła II encykliki "Veritatis splendor". Papież rozwiewa doktrynalne wątpliwości zasiane przez proporcjonalistów, przedstawiając im niezwykle przemyślaną i tradycyjną koncepcję źródeł moralności. Wychodząc od priorytetu celowości ludzkiego działania Papież podkreślił wagę przedmiotu czynu. Dla moralnego dobra ludzkiego czynu konieczne jest jego podwójne właściwe odniesienie: wertykalnie do celu ostatecznego, czyli Boga, oraz horyzontalnie wobec człowieka poprzez przedmiotową zgodność działania z ludzkim dobrem.     Papieskie rozważania zostają uzupełnione komentarzem do "Summy Teologii" św. Tomasza, który w analogiczny sposób przedstawia źródła moralności ludzkiego czynu. Rozróżniając wewnętrzny i zewnętrzny akt woli (poprzez współpracę woli z innymi władzami), św. Tomasz pokazuje właściwe źródła moralności każdego z tych aktów. W pierwszym przypadku jest to właściwy przedmiot woli, który jest tożsamy z dobrem; natomiast w drugim – konieczny jest ponadto właściwy przedmiot innych władz. Właściwa antropologia przywraca fundament pod adekwatne rozumienie zarówno prawa naturalnego, jak i potrzebę etyki cnót, która okazuje się wielką praktyczną pomocą dla człowieka w drodze do właściwej mu doskonałości.  Przedstawione podstawowe prawdy nauczane od lat przez Magisterium o tyle domagają się przypomnienia, że współczesna dominująca kultura wytrwale dekonstruuje racjonalny porządek tego nauczania czyniąc zeń karykaturę. Papieskie analizy pozwalają oczyścić etyczne kryteria rozeznawania dobra i zła, przypominając o zaproszeniu do piękna teologalnego życia w Chrystusie. Umożliwia ono zdrowy krytyczny osąd konkretnych sytuacji, jak również możliwość uniknięcia rozpowszechnionych współcześnie błędów i wynikającego z nich kryzysu tożsamości.
Recent Advances in Lanthanide Based Nano-Architectures as Probes for Ultra High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Biju Silvanose , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: February 2018

Paramagnetic Lanthanide ions incorporated into nano- architectures are emerging
as a versatile platform for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to their
strong contrast enhancement effects combined with the platform capability to include multiple
imaging modalities. This short review examines the application of lanthanide based nanoarchitectures
(nanoparticles and nano- assemblies) in the development of multifunctional
probes for single and multimodal imaging involving high field MRI as one imaging modality.
The Role of Selenium in Oxidative Stress and in Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS): An Overview
Authors: Silvestrini Andrea , Mordente Alvaro , Martino Giuseppe , Bruno Carmine , Vergani Edoardo , Meucci Elisabetta , Mancini Antonio
Published: February 2018

Selenium is a trace element, nutritionally classified as an essential micronutrient, involved in maintaining the correct function of several enzymes incorporating the selenocysteine residue, namely the selenoproteins. The human selenoproteome including 25 proteins is extensively described here. The most relevant selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases and iodothyronine deiodinases are required for the proper cellular redox homeostasis as well as for the correct thyroid function, thus preventing oxidative stress and related diseases. This review summarizes the main advances on oxidative stress with a focus on selenium metabolism and transport. Moreover, thyroid-related disorders are discussed, considering that the thyroid gland contains the highest selenium amount per gram of tissue, also for future possible therapeutic implication.
Vitamin D and Subjective Memory Complaint in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Annweiler Cedric , Doineau Lise , Gerigne Lucie , Provendier Anais , Karras Spyridon N. , Beauchet Olivier , Fantino Bruno , Duval Guillaume T.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Older adults with hypovitaminosis D report more often subjective cognitive
complaints, especially with regards to memory. This raises prospects that vitamin D may improve
older adults' subjective experience of memory disorders.

Objective:

To determine among older community-dwellers whether higher serum 25-
hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were associated with fewer memory complaints, while
considering different subtypes of memory complaints.

Method:

One hundred eighty Caucasian community-dwellers with memory complaint and no dementia
(mean±standard deviation, 71.1±3.4years; 33.3%female) from the French ‘EVATEM study'
were included in this analysis. Subjective memory complaints regarding memory lapses, problems
learning new information, problems finding words, problems calculating and problems concentrating
were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Participants were categorized according to
the highest tertile of serum 25OHD (i.e., ≥68nmol/L). Age, gender, body mass index, morbidities
burden, use of vitamin D supplements, cognitive performance, mood, serum concentrations of calcium,
parathyroid hormone and vitamin B12, creatinine clearance, and season of evaluation were
used as potential confounders.

Results:

Compared to participants with 25OHD<68nmol/L (n=121), those with 25OHD≥68nmol/L
had less often problems learning new information (P=0.027). There were no between-group differences
for the other memory complaints. The highest 25OHD tertile was cross-sectionally associated
with fewer problems learning new information (odds ratio (OR)=0.48, P=0.029), even after adjustment
for potential confounders (OR=0.32, P=0.039).

Conclusion:

Higher vitamin D status was associated with reduced problems memorizing new information
in older community-dwellers. This novel finding provides a scientific base for vitamin D
replacement trials attempting to improve older patients' subjective experience of cognitive decline.
Identification and Temporal Characterization of Features Associated with the Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Martinez-Torteya Antonio , Gomez-Rueda Hugo , Trevino Victor , Farber Joshua , Tamez-Pena Jose , For the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2018

Background:

Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in its earliest stages is important for
therapeutic and support planning. Similarly, being able to predict who will convert from mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) to AD would have clinical implications.

Objectives:

The goals of this study were to identify features from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging
Initiative (ADNI) database associated with the conversion from MCI to AD, and to characterize the
temporal evolution of that conversion.

Methods:

We screened the publically available ADNI longitudinal database for subjects with MCI who
have developed AD (cases: n=305), and subjects with MCI who have remained stable (controls: n=250).
Analyses included 1,827 features from laboratory assays (n=12), quantitative MRI scans (n=1,423), PET
studies (n=136), medical histories (n=72), and neuropsychological tests (n=184). Statistical longitudinal
models identified features with significant differences in longitudinal behavior between cases and matched
controls. A multiple-comparison adjusted log-rank test identified the capacity of the significant predictive
features to predict early conversion.

Results:

411 features (22.5%) were found to be statistically different between cases and controls at the
time of AD diagnosis; 385 features were statistically different at least 6 months prior to diagnosis, and 28
features distinguished early from late conversion, 20 of which were obtained from neuropsychological
tests. In addition, 69 features (3.7%) had statistically significant changes prior to AD diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Our results characterized features associated with disease progression from MCI to AD, and,
in addition, the log-rank test identified features which are associated with the risk of early conversion.
Antimicrobial Activity of Diazenyl Derivatives: An Update
Authors: Kaur Harmeet , Narasimhan Balasubramanian
Published: February 2018

The development of new antimicrobial drugs is a very challenging task owing to the rapidly
developing drug resistance among the existing drugs. The hybridization of active and novel compounds
is a commonly used approach to combat this situation. The azo linkage (N=N) is successfully used to
link two bioactive moieties to enhance the therapeutic effects. The hybrid derivatives linked by azo linkage
have shown their activity by acting on target proteins in microorganisms, cell wall inhibitors, DHPS
inhibitors, RNA Editing Ligase 1 inhibitors, the general protein secretory (Sec) pathway inhibitors,
neuraminidase inhibitors, etc. The current review covers the general enzymes and regulatory pathways
in microorganisms targeted by diazenyl compounds and recent developments pertaining to diazenyl derivatives
as antimicrobial agents during the last five years. This information will prove useful to the researchers
for the development of novel antimicrobial agents by slight modifications in active derivatives
with improved activities.
New Benzothiazole-based Thiazolidinones as Potent Antimicrobial Agents. Design, synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Haroun Michelyne , Tratrat Christophe , Kositzi Katerina , Tsolaki Evangelia , Petrou Anthi , Aldhubiab Bandar , Attimarad Mahesh , Harsha Sree , Geronikaki Athina , Venugopala Katharigatta N. , Elsewedy Heba S. , Sokovic Marina , Glamoclija Jasna , Ciric Ana
Published: February 2018

Background:

Thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives, as well as thiazolidinones are very important
scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Literature has revealed that they possess a wide spectrum of
biological activities including antimicrobial activity.

Objective:

The goal of this paper is the designing of new benzothiazole based thiazolidinones and the
evaluation of their biological activities.

Methods:

The designed compounds were synthesized using classical organic synthesis methods. The
antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the method of microdilution.

Results:

The twelve newly synthesized compounds showed antimicrobial properties. All compounds
appeared to be more active than ampicillin in most studied strains and in some cases, more active than
streptomycin. Antifungal activity, in most cases was also better than the reference drugs ketoconazole
and bifonazole. The prediction of cytotoxicity revealed that the synthesized compounds were not toxic
(LD50 350-1000 mg/kg of body weight). Docking studies on the antibacterial activity confirmed the
biological results.

Conclusion:

The twelve new compounds were synthesized and studied for their antimicrobial activity.
The compounds appeared to be promising antimicrobial agents and could be the lead compounds for
new, more potent drugs. According to the docking prediction, the compounds could be MurB inhibitors.