bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening Religious Provisions in the Era of Social Media for Children in the Ex-Localization Panjang Lampung
Authors: Yanti Fitri , Amaliah Eni
Published: July 2020

This article aims to illustrate and explain the social media era religious guidance activities for children in the ex-localization of Bandar Lampung. The author uses a qualitative sampling design or the determination of informants is done directly (purposive).This article reveals that religious guidance is needed in shaping and fostering religious life through social media because the intensity of interaction is more dynamic and all parties can be subject to information with a network that is open to everyone. The current level of influence of social media on religious life is important to know. The result is the strengthening of religious and religious services making two policy implications, namely the development of integrative insights between formal and non-formal education and strengthening the insight of the use of devices, smartphones so that the function of religious messages delivered is running optimally
Millennial Religious Understanding in Bandung: A Case Study on Their Views and Attitudes Towards Issues of Islamic Law, Religious Freedom, Tolerance, and Pancasila
Authors: Rusliana Iu , Kahmad Dadang
Published: July 2020

This study aims to reveal the religious understanding of millennials (focus on ‘Rohis’ in senior high school) in Bandung. The authors will try to analyze how the views and attitudes of millennials towards several issues consisting of Islamic law, religious freedom, tolerance, and Pancasila. The research methodology used is a case study approach. Also, data is collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. This study found that the majority of millennials in Bandung have inclusive and moderate understanding. The majority of them reject various ideas and discourses such as the Islamic state, intolerance, violence in the name of religion, and to replace Pancasila as the principle of the nation. Besides, they also rejected several radical groups that wanted to replace the basis of the nation. However, some students approve the existence of hard-line groups and they agree to replace Pancasila as the basis of the Indonesian nation
PERAN HADIS SEBAGAI SUMBER HUKUM JEMAAT AHMADIYAH INDONESIA
Authors: Robikah Siti
Published: July 2020

Hadis sebagai sumber hukum mempunyai banyak peran salah satunya sebagai penjelas al-Quran yang menjelaskan secara global. Perincian atas penjelasan al-Quran itulah menjadi tugas utama adanya hadis. Namun tidak semua menerima hadis sebagai sandaran hukum bagi umat Islam. Beberapa diantaranya terdapat golongan ingkarussunah yang lahir dari rahim umat Islam sendiri. Perbedaan posisi hadis juga dilahirkan oleh kelompok-kelompok Islam yang menyebar masyarakat atau ormas. Salah satunya yaitu Ahmadiyah yang mempunyai  pandangan berbeda dengan ormas lainnya. Ahmadiyah dalam pengambilan keputusan menempatkan hadis sebagai sumber ketiga setelah al-Quran dan Sunnah. Hal ini dikarenakan menurut mereka, Sunnah ada terlebih dahulu dibandingkan hadis. Hadis tidak seluruhnya dapat diterima karena terdapat beberapa hadis yang bertentangan dengan al-Quran maupun Sunnah. Jika terdapat hadis yang bertentangan dengan al-Quran dan Sunnah maka tinggalkanlah, jika hadis tidak bertentangan maka dapat dijadikan landasan hujjah. Jika hadis dinilai dhaif namun tidak bertentangan dengan al-Quran dan Sunnah maka dapat dijadikan hujjah.
RESPON TEMBAKAU MADURA TERHADAP DUA TIPE PUPUK ORGANIK
Authors: MASTUR . , A. MURDIYATI A. S. , DJAJADI . , HERIISTIANA .
Published: July 2020

Penelitian dilaksanakan untuk menclaah pengaruh dua tipe pupuk organik yaitu pupuk organik dari hasil samping industri yang diperkaya atau selanjutnya disebut Pupuk Organik Diperkaya (POD) dan pupuk kandang dari kotoran sapi terhadap sifat fisik tanah, serapan hara, keragaan tanaman, hasil dan mutu tembakau madura. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan April sampai September 2002. Percobaan lapang pada tanah tegal di Desa Guluk-guluk, Kecamatan Guluk-guluk, Kabupaten Sumenep. Per¬ lakuan tcrdiri dari sembilan kombinasi dosis (0-7 000 kg/ha) dan tipe pupuk organik (POD dan pupuk kandang) dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa POD lebih unggul dalam kandungan hara dan pengaruhnya pada tembakau dibanding pupuk kandang. POD dapat meningkatkan kadar air tanah pada kapasitas lapang dan konsentrasi K dalam tanaman. Perlakuan terbaik adalah POD dosis 5 000 kg/ha dengan bobot daun rajangan kering 1 156 kg/ha, indeks mutu 73.4 dan indeks tanaman 77.2. POD dosis 1 000 kg/ha menghasilkan daun rajangan kering 849 kg/ha, indeks mutu 76.8 dan indeks tanaman 60.0. Dosis POD tersebut lebih baik dibanding pupuk kandang yang sama. Respon tembakau terhadap dosis POD 7 000 kg/ha lebih jelek dibanding 5 000 kg/ha.

Kata kunci : Tembakau, Nicotiana tabacum L., pupuk organik, pupuk kandang, hasil mutu

 

ABSTRACT

Responses of madura tobacco to two types of organic fetilizers

The research was conducted to find out the effect of the Enriched Organic Fertilizer (POD) of industrial by product and Farmyard Manure (FYM) on soil physical properties, nutrient uptake, plant performance, yield, and quality of madura tobacco. Field experiment was conducted from April to September 2002 in upland ield of Guluk-guluk village, Guluk-guluk sub district, Sumenep. The research used randomized completely block design (RCBD) with 9 combinations of organic fertilizer kinds and dosages and 4 replications. The results showed that the POD gave higher effect and nutrient contents than that of FYM. The POD could increase the field capacity soil moisture and K biomass concentration. The best treatment of the POD was 5 000 kg/ha, which gave yield I 156 kg, dried sliced leaves/ha, quality index 73.4 and crop index 77.2. The application of the POD 1 000 kg/ha produced 849 kg dried sliced leaves/ ha, quality index 76.8, and crop index 60.0, which was better than that of FYM 5 000 kg/ha. The application of POD 7 000 kg/ha caused worse response of tobacco compared to that of 5 000 kg/ha.

Key words : Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. organic fetilizers, farmyard manure, yield, quality
REKAYASA KOLEKTOR SURYA DAN KOMPOR LPG PADA PENGOVENAN DAUN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA
Authors: TIRTOSASTRO SAMSURI , DARMONO DARMONO , SUBANDI SUBANDI
Published: July 2020

Engineering of solar collector and LPG-burner for curing Virginia tobacco

Indonesia produces 30 tones of Hue cured tobacco every year. Curing Virginia tobacco needs I 29 I kerosene per I kg cured leaves, thus lo process 30 tones cured leaves, it needs 38.7 liter kerosene with a value ol Rp 1 5.5 billion per year Kerosene as a source of energy is used for house hold in Ihe village and it is highly subsidized by the government. For such industries as tobacco processing other sources of energy are available, including gas oil, diesel oil and fuel oil, solar energy, coal, and liquid petroleum gas This study was aimed at designing solar collector and LPG buner suitable lor Virginia tobacco flue curing. Tobacco leaves were cured in a curing barn with LPG as a fuel, while the solar collector was installed on Ihe roof of Ihe barn. The size of the curing barn was 4 m x 4 m x 7 m with a capacity of iwo tones fresh leaves. The LPG-burner used was BA'I'/Baliltas-I, with was specially designed for lobacco curing barn ('nring method followed Ihe standard method practiced by farmers The experiment was conducted al IT Sadhana Arif Nusa. Has! Lombok. NTR from Angus! lo September 1997 The rcsull of experiment was evaluated holh from technical and economical aspects. The used of LPG combined with solar collector as the source of energy could reach Ihe required temperatures (J0-70°(.) during curing phases LPG consumption was 0.86 kg/ kg cured leaves, and solar energy contributed 6.48% of total energy required for curing process From economical view, the used of LPG and solar energy was not profitable. This was mainly due to Ihe high prices of LPG (Rp I 000 /kg) LPG-lank (Rp 1 600 000/unit) and roof- solar collector (Rp I 500 000 per unit).
PENGARUH PENYAKIT KRUPUK TERHADAP HASIL DAN MUTU DELAPAN VARIETAS TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA
Authors: DALMADIYO GEMBONG , KARTAMIDJAJA MOCH. AMIR
Published: July 2020

The effect of tobacco curl disease on the yield and quality of eight Virginia tobacco varieties

Tobacco leaf curl disease is one of the important diseases on Virginia tobacco which especially occurs in dry condition. The use of resistant varieties is one of the most effective way to control the disease. This experiment was lo evaluate the effect of tobacco curl disease on tobacco varieties (DB 101, Coker 319, Coker 176, Coker 48, Coker 86, and Coker 371 Gold) and two promising lines (T.45/T.65 and T.45/T.69). The experiment was conducted in Pekuwon, Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro from April to October 1997. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The tobacco seedlings wee transplanted in 0.9 m x 0.6 m spacing and 9.0 m x 9.0 m plot size. The fertilizer dosage applied are 300 kg ZA + 108 kg SP-36 + 156 kg ZK per ha The parameters observed including percentage of diseased plant, productive leaves, as well as the yield and quality of leaves. The esults showed that Coker 371 Gold variety showed the lowest disease percentage (6.89%), decrease in productive leaves was high (71.86%), Whereas the two promising lines, were T.45/T.6S and T.45/T.69 showed that the percentage of diseased plants wee not significantly different compared with DB 101, Coker 319, and Coker 48, but the decrease in productive leaves was lower. The yield of these promising lines were 10.12-10.30 kg/81 m!, grade indexes 86.04-87.27, and crop indexes are 88.31-88.63. Coker 176 was the most susceptible variety. The percentage of diseased plant, flue- cured yield, grade index, and crop index on Coker 176 wee 42.67%, 7.77 kg/81 m!, 86.09, and 66.89, respectively.
KERAGAMAN GENETIK KELAPA DALAM MAPANGET NOMOR 32 HASIL PENYERBUKAN SENDIRI BERDASARKAN PENANDA RAPD
Authors: NOVARJANTO HENGKY , KUMAUNANG J. , TULALO M. A. , MASNIAWATI A. , HARTANA A.
Published: July 2020

Genetic variability of selfing Mapanget Tall coconut No. 32 based on RAPD marker

The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of seling Mapanget Tall coconut No. 32 used RAPD marker. Ihe method of morphology, fruit component and isozymc analyses could not explain the homozygote level of the offspring and his parents. The DNA analysis was done at Plant Biology Laboratory, PAU, Life Science IPB, and the coconut leaflets samples were collected from Kima Atas Research Instalation, Research Institute for Coconut and Palmae, Manado. This research the study was conducted from November 1999 to Fcbruay 2000. Coconut materials analyzed were DMT 32-OP, DMT 32-S2, DM 1 32-S3 andDMT32-S4. DMT 32-S2 was the offsprings of the selfcd DMT 32- SI coconut seling. and the DMT 32-SI came from the sclfed of DMT 32-OP. Then selfcd DMT 32-S2 produced were found the DMT 32-S3. and selfcd of DMT 32-S3 produced the progeny of DMT 32-S4. DNA was isolated using the method of ROHDE et at (1995), while DNA quantity and quality was using the method of SAMBROOK et al (1989). Then the DNA was ampliied using 10 random primer 10 mer and PCR apparatus of 2.400 Perkin-Elmer System. Ater thai the DNA was elcctrophorated, and photographed using Polaroid 667 ilm, then ihe biner data matrix of each coconut population was calculated lor Ilic number of monomorphism banding was found in DMT 32-S2. Ihe genetic similarity between DMT 32-S3 and DMT 32-S3 was the mosl similar at genetic distance of 90%. DMT 32-S3 resulted from self pollination can be recommended as parent material for hybridization.
PERAN DAN POTENSI MUSUH ALAMI DALAM PENGENDALIAN HeUcoverpa armigera (HUBNER) PADA KAPAS
Authors: NURINDAH NURINDAH , SUNARTO DWI ADI , SUJAK SUJAK
Published: July 2020

The role and potency of natural enemies in controlling HeUcoverpa armigera Hubner in cotton

HeUcoverpa armigera. known as the cotton bollworm, is one of cotton productivity limiting factors. Efforts in controlling this pesl have been directed lo (he use of its natural enemies, viz. parasiloids. predator and insect pathogens in conservation techniques The study was conducted in two activities. The irst activity was the inventory of parasiloids and predators of// armigera. which was conducted from 1986 to 1999 in the cotton development area in Central Java (Rembang, Pati, and Grobogan).  East Java (Situbondo, Banyuwangi, Tuban. and Lanongan), NIB (Menangabaris. Lokopriya, and Sandubaya), and NTF (Maumere, Wailiti. and Larantuka). The second activity was to sludy the potency of dominant parasiloids and predators in cotton, which was conducted in 1999/2000 in the Research Instalaiion for Tobacco and Fibre Crops, Asembagus. The objectives of the study were to evaluate Ihe diversity of natural enemies, particularly parasiloids and predators, and their role in controlling Ihe population of // armigera in cotton. The inventory of parasiloids and predators was conducted to 15 and 21 species, respectively. The predominant parasiloids were Trichogramma-loidea armigera Nagaraja (egg parasitoid) and Eriborus argenteopilosus Camreon (larval parasitoid). The predominant predators were Deraeocoris indianus Carvalho, Campylomma diversicornis Rcuter (Hemiptera Miridae). Paederus fasciatus Curtis (Coleoptera Staphylinidac) and Coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera Coccincllidac). These predators feed on eggs and small larvae of //. armigera. The potency of these parasiloids and predator, as mortality factors of the pesl, was quantitatively studied in insecticide sprayed and unsprayed cotton ields. The egg and larval parasiloids caused mortality of //. armigera eggs and larvae as high as 65% and 21%, respectively. The predators suppressed // armigera population by 82%, so that its population was lower than that of the plots treated with insecticide. These suppressions resulted in a significantly lower damage of cotton fruiting bodies (4.3-8.0% on sprayed plots vs.1.7-3.4% on unsprayed plots) and hence, a signiicantly higher production of seed cotton ( I 838 kg/ha on sprayed plots vs. 2 170 kg/ha on unsprayed plots). Thereore, // armigera population on collon basically could be managed by its natural enemies below its action threshold, when Hie natural enemies were allowed to build up their population.
ANALISIS PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN LADA INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL
Authors: DAMANIK SABARMAN
Published: July 2020

Analysis of Indonesian pepper supply and demand in the International Market

Study on the supply and demand of Indonesian pepper in the international market was conducted by using the data of time series from 1980 to 1999. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and two stage least square (2 SLS) estimation method. The result of analysis revealed that the factors affecting pepper supply from Indonesia were international market, world price, pepper production, exchange rate, and the last export volume. The supply export of pepper of each major pepper producing counlircs showed similar characeristics, i.e. die expot of pepper of the countries, including Indonesia was affeclcd signiicantly by the national pepper production. When the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than that of the price change. The demand for pepper import at the elasticity coeicient value smaller than one (0.144 -0.680) meant that it was inelastic. The elasticity coeficient value of the Indonesian pepper supply in the short and long terms was 1 168 and 4.037 respectively. It meant that they were elastic, if the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than thai of the price change. The implication to Ihe pepper industry in Indonesia were (a) the decrease in Ihe pepper price in the international market did not affect the national pepper production, and (b) the exchange rale affect the volume of the pepper export.
PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SETEK RIMPANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS GARUT (Maranta arundinacea L.)
Authors: SMD ROSITA , RAHARDJO MONO , SUDIARTO SUDIARTO
Published: July 2020

Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) is usually propagated through young tillers or rhizome cuttings. A glass house and field tials were carried out at the Cimanggu Expeimental Insulation of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC), to assess 0k efect of rhizome patition and number of nodes of each parts on the viability of rhizomes, growth, productivity and starch content of arrowroot A clone of arrowroot (No. 17) collected from RISMC was used. One, two, three or four nodes of rhizomes cut at the base, middle or tip were used. A preliminary study was conducted in glass house from August to September 1999, where 40 samples of rhizomes were tested for their viability. Further study was conducted in the field from October 1999 to April 2000, to assess the growth, productivity and starch content of the rhizome from each treatment. The ield experiment was designed as a randomized block, arranged factorially in three replicates. The first factor was rhizome part (base, middle or tip) snd the second one was number of nodes (one, two, three or four nodes). Results showed that the highest percentage of plant growth, and seedling vigor of one month old were obtained from Uic four nodes tip rhizome cutting. At 6.5 month after planting the highest significant yield of resh rhizome was obtained from both base and middle parts rhizome cutting (324.04 and 326.46 g/hill), while the tip curling only produced 240.0 g/hill. The highest starch yield was obtained from the treatments of both the base and middle parts rhizome cutting i.e. 52.51 and 61.25 g/hill, while the tip cutting produced 47.19 g/hill. There was no interaction efect between the irst and the second factors on fresh rhizome yield. Highest signiicant fresh rhizome yield can also be obtained by using more than one node (320.96 - 337.69 g/hill), while a node cuting gave 198.65 g/hill only. Using base and middle rhizome cutting with 3 nodes gave the effective and eficient result, since it gave higher yield of the resh rhizome starch (70.38 and 72.41 g/hill).
KAJIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT PETANI PERKEBUNAN DI DALAM DAN DI SEKITAR HUTAN
Authors: KEMALA SYAFRU
Published: July 2020

The contribution of estate subsector to the income of the farmers living in the forest and in the ■urronding area is still low. This study was caried out socioeconomic and their roles in improving their welfare. The study was conducted rom August to October 2000 in three forest management systems (1) system of Hak Pengusahaan Hutan (HPH) which was represented by Sukamulya and Siabu villages, Bangkinang, Kampar District, and Rambah Jaya Village, Rambah Hilir, Rokan Hulu District; (2) System of Hutan Taman Nasional which was represented by Andongrejo and Eaat Java Province; (3) System of Hutan Sosial (Perum Perhutani) which waa represented by Kedung Urang Village, Cilacap Subdistrict, and Sawangan Village, Jeruk Legi Subdistrict, Cilacap District, Central Java Province. Sample villages were chosen through purpose sampling method. The data were analyzed desciptively and comparative and approacted through socioeconomic indicators and criteria. The results of the research indicated that the socioeconomic condition of the estate farmers living in the forest and in the surrounding are was lower compared to those of the area was lower compared to those of the rice farmers and others farmers. The average income of the estate farmers ranged between Rp 360 860.00 and Rp 523 550.00. The range of income distribution (Gini ratio) was 0.295 to 0.430. Out of the three forest mana¬ gement systems, the village of Hutan Taman Nasional was better than those of two other systems, where the income level waa Rp 432 000.00 Gini ratio was 0.320; structure and inrastucture was moderate.
PARASITASI Aphanomerus sp. PADA WERENG PUCUK JAMBU MENTE Sanurus indecora JACOBI
Authors: PURNAYASA I GUSTI NYOMAN RAI
Published: July 2020

Penelitian lenlang pcranan parasitoid Aphanomerus sp. (Platygasleridac. Hymenoplera) terhadap telur wcreng pucuk jambu mente Sanurus indecora Jacobi telah dilaksanakan di Desa I.ckok Rangan, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Propinsi Nusa Tcnggara Barat, pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Oktobcr 2001. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mcngidenliikasi parasitoid yang keluar dari telur ,S' indecora. evaluasi pcranan parasitoid tersebut terhadap kelompok telur S indecora di lapangan dan terhadap telur yang belum tcrparasit di laboratorium Lima contoh lanaman dipilih untuk mengumpulkan kelompok telur. masing-masing 60 kelompok telur liap tanaman, sedangkan untuk parasilasinya di laboratorium digunakan 10 kelompok telur 2 ulangan dengan total telur setiap ulangan sebanyak 704 butir dan 876 butir Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa parasitoid tersebut berasal dari genus Aphanomerus dan tingkat parasitasi Aphanomerus sp terhadap kelompok S. indecora di lapangan rata-rata 93.2%, sedangkan terhadap telumya di laboratorium mencapai 83% dan 77.2%.

Kata kunci : Sanurus indecora. Aphanomerus sp.. Anacardium occidentale. parasitoid lelur

 

ABSTRACT

Parasitoid of Aphonomcrus sp. on the insect pest of cashew leaves Sanurus indecora Jacobi

Shoot sucking insect research on the parasitoid of Aphanomerus sp. (Platygastcridae, Hymenoplera) on Ihe eggs of insect pesl of cashew plant Sanurus indecora Jacobi was conducted in Lekok Rangan Village, Kayangan Subdistrict, lombok Barat Distict, West Nusa Tcnggara Province, in August lo October 2001 Ihe objective of the research were to identity (he parxsitoid mat came ou( from the eggs of S. indecora, to evaluate he role of Ore parasitoid on the eggs mass of S. indecora in the field and on (he eggs in (he lab (hat had not been parasitized. Five sample plants chosen to collect the eggs mass each plant 60 eggs mass While for the parasitized in (he lab used 10 eggs mass wi(h (he (o(al 704 eggs and 876 eggs. The results of (he research mdicaled (hat the parasitoid came from genus Aphanomerus, and the level of parasitized of Aphanomerus sp. on Sanurus indecora was 93 2% al the average, while on its eggs in the lab was 83% and 77 2%.

Keywords Sanurus indecora, Aphanomerus sp. Anacardium occidentale. egg parasitoid
PERKIRAAN PELUANG HUJAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN WAKTU TANAM KAPAS DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: RIAJAYA PRIMA D. , KADARWATI F. T. , MACHFUD MOCH.
Published: July 2020

Curah hujan merupakan salah salu unsur iklim yang sangal berpengaruh terhadap produksi kapas Variasi hujan di lahan tadah hujan sangat linggi. Waklu tanam yang telah dilentukan sebelumnya hanya berdasarkan data curah hujan selama 1 0 Uihun Untuk mcmpcrbaiki waktu tanam tersebut, perlu dilakukan analisis hujan berdasarkan data curah hujan selama lebih dari 20 tahun untuk mendapatkan angka peluang yang lebih stabil. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan data curah hujan lebih dari 20 tahun yang lerkumpul dari 16 slasiun hujan yang tersebar di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. lombok Tengah. Lombok Barat, Sumbawa, Bima, dan Dompu. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode peluang Markov Ordc Pertama dan perhilungan peluang sclang kering beturut-turut Waktu tanam kapas di sebagian besar I-ombok dan Sumbawa berkisar minggu pertama sampai minggu kedua Desember, minggu ketiga sampai keempal Desember di Kawo, Lombok Tengah dan Rasanae, Bima, dan minggu pertama Januari di Moyohilir, Sumbawa dan Bayan, Lombok Barat. Daerah yang beresiko linggi untuk pengembangan kapas adalah di wilayah sekilar Pringgabaya (Lombok Timur), Ulhan (Sumbawa), Donggo dan Wawo di Bima Daerah lainnya dengan kandungan air tersedia yang rendah dengan kandungan pasir lebih dari 50% seperti di 1-ape (Sumbawa) penanaman kapas hendaknya dilakukan lebih awal. Tipe iklim didominasi iklim kering dengan musim hujan yang sangat pendek sehingga tidak memungkinkan adanya pergiliran tanaman palawija-kapas Kapas hendaknya ditanam bersamaan dengan palawija mcngingal pendeknya periode hujan.

Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, waktu tanam. periode kering, masa tanam

 

ABSTRACT

Prediction of rainfall probability for determination of cotton sowing times in West Nusa Tenggara

Climatic elements paticularly rainfall strongly influences successful prediction of rainfed cotton yield. Rainfall vaiability varies amongst Ihe season The previous planting times were determined based on 10 years daily rainfall data. I-ongterm rainfall data arc required for rainfall analysis to get reliable probabilities. The rainfall analysis was done using Markov Chain First Order Probability and dryspell probability methods Ihe rainfall data were collected from 16 rainfall stations in West Nusa Tcnggara (Eas( Lombok, Central I-ombok, West Lombok, Sumbawa, Bima, and Dompu). Ihe planting times varied from the irst week to the second week of December for most areas of I-ombok and Sumbawa The planting limes in Kawo, Central Lombok and Rasanae, Bima were mid December: and early January in Moyohilir, Sumbawa and Bayan, West l.ombok The areas which high risk to drought are around Pringgabaya (Hast lombok), Uthan (Sumbawa), Donggo and Wawo (Bima). On sandy- areas such as I-ape (Sumbawa) cotton should be planted earlier Type of climate in most areas is dry with limited rainy season, thai relay-planting of these areas is not practiced.

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, planting time, dryspcll, seasonal patern
Documentation of Cemeteries and Funerary Offerings from Sites in the Upper Neches River Basin, Anderson, Cherokee, and Smith Counties, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy , Nelson Bo , Selden Robert
Published: July 2020

This publications concerns the documentation of ceramic vessels, a ceramic pipe, a stemmed arrow point, and glass beads from several post-A.D. 1400 ancestral Caddo sites in the upper Neches River basin in Smith, Anderson, and Cherokee counties, Texas. Two of the sites have been recorded and have state of Texas trinomials: Vanderpool (41SM77) on Saline Creek and Pipe (41AN67) along the Neches River, but the other sites (one also on Saline Creek) and collections have not been.

These artifacts were recovered from a series of burials excavated and recorded by Buddy Calvin Jones at the sites in 1956 and 1960. In the case of the Byars site in Smith County, it is not known when it was investigated by Jones. Notes on the excavations and funerary offerings are curated by the Gregg County Historical Museum.
Age patterns of human papillomavirus infection as primary screening test for cervical cancer and subsequent triage with visual inspection in Honduras
Authors: Sandoval Manuel , Holme Francesca , Lobo Saul , Slavkovsky Rose , Thomson Kerry A , Jeronimo Jose , Figueroa Jaqueline , De Sanjose Silvia
Published: July 2020

Objective. To evaluate age patterns in human papillomavi­rus (HPV) prevalence and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) positivity among women participating in cervical cancer screening in Honduras. Materials and methods. Data on the HPV status (careHPV) and subsequent VIA in HPV-positive women were retrieved from three provinces within the Public Health Sector. Results. Between 2015 and 2018, 60 883 women aged 15-85 years were screened. HPV was detected in 15%, with variation by age, peaking at 20-24 years (27.8%) decreasing to 16% at 30-49 years. Differences in point age– specific HPV prevalence were observed between provinces, but with similar age pattern. VIA was positive in 24.5% of the women aged 30-44 years. Conclusions. The age pattern of the HPV prevalence supports starting HPV testing at age 30+. The low positivity of VIA in ages close to menopause suggest underdetection of cervical lesions in this age group.
Demonstration of improved plant growth and biomass production by At1g73160 promoter-controlled root-preferential expression of the AtGA20ox gene
Authors: Ly Linh Khanh , Bui Thao Phuong , Do Phat Tien , Le Anh Van Thi , Nguyen Phong Van , Pham Ngoc Bich , Zhang Zhanyuan J. , Chu Ha Hoang
Published: July 2020

Background: Overexpression of the GA20 oxidase gene has been a recent trend for improving plant growth and biomass. Constitutive expression of GA20ox has successfully improved plant growth and biomass in several plant species. However, the constitutive expression of this gene causes side-effects, such as reduced leaf size and stem diameters. To avoid these effects, different tissue-specific promoters were identified and employed for GA20ox overexpression. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of At1g, a root-preferential promoter, for GA20ox expression to enhance plant biomass in tobacco and Melia azedarach.Results: We examined the utility of the At1g promoter to drive the expression of a GUS (β-1,4-glucuronidase) reporter and the GA20ox gene in tobacco and Melia azedarach. Histochemical GUS assays in tobacco showed that At1g was a root-preferential promoter whose expression was particularly strong in root tips. The ectopic expression of the AtGA20ox gene under the control of the At1g promoter showed improved plant growth and biomass of both tobacco and M. azedarach transgenic plants compared to wild-type (WT) control plants. Stem length as well as stem and root fresh weights increased by up to 1.5-3 folds in transgenic tobacco and 2-fold in transgenic M. azedarach. Both tobacco and M. azedarach transgenic plants showed increases in the root xylem width and xylem over phloem ratio by 50%–100% compared to WT plants. Importantly, no significant differences in the leaf shape or size were observed between the At1g::AtGA20ox transgenic and WT plants. Moreover, transgenic M. azedarach showed a 135% increase in stem diameter although no change was found in transgenic tobacco.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the great utility of the At1g promoter for driving the AtGA20ox gene to induce growth and biomass improvements in woody plants and potentially some other plant species.
Early Cardiac Rehabilitation Improved Prognosis in Patients with Heart Failure Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cai He , Cao Pengyu , Sun Wanqing , Zhang Xinying , Li Rongyu , Shao Wangshu , Wang Lin , Zou Lin , Zheng Yang
Published: July 2020

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to improve exercise intolerance and QoL, and minimize re-hospitalizations in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). However, studies on early CR in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who developed CHF following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are rare. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of early CR on patients with CHF after AMI following PCI.Methods: Two hundred thirty-seven patients who developed heart failure after AMI following PCI were enrolled. Patients were divided into heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) group and heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) group. Of which, 78 patients who accepted a two-week CR were further divided into two subgroups based on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Key cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPX) variables that may affect the prognosis were identified through the comparison of the cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF).Results: Early CR significantly reduced cardiac death in patients with HFrEF, and reduced re-hospitalization in patients with HFmrEF after AMI (P <0.01). Serum potassium and CR ratio were independent risk factors for MACE in patients with both HFrEF and HFmrEF after AMI. In the CR group who developed MACE, there were more diabetics (P=0.035), with higher serum potassium (P=0.043), and lower PETCO2 at VT (P=0.016). PETCO2 at VT was an independent risk factor for re-hospitalization. The incidence of re-hospitalization was significantly lower when the PETCO2 at VT was greater than 33.5mmHg (P=0.03).Conclusions: Early CR reduced the incidence of MACE in patients with heart failure after AMI following PCI. The PETCO2 at VT is an independent risk factor for re-hospitalization, and could be used as a key evaluating hallmark for early CR in patients who developed heart failure after AMI.
Ocean temperature controls kelp decomposition and carbon sink potential
Authors: Filbee-Dexter Karen , Feehan Colette , Smale Dan , Krumhansl Kira , Augustine Skye , Bettignies Florian de , Burrows Michael T. , Byrnes Jarrett , Campbell Jillian , Davoult Dominique , Dunton Kenneth , Franco Joao , Garrido Ignacio , Grace Sean , Hancke Kasper , Johnson Ladd , Konar Brenda , Pedersen Morten , Moore Pippa , Norderhaug Kjell Magnus , O'Dell Alasdair , Salomon Anne , Sousa-Pinto Isabel , Yiu Dara , Wernberg Thomas
Published: July 2020

Compelling new evidence shows that kelp production contributes an important and underappreciated flux of carbon in the ocean. Major questions remain, however, about the controls on the cycling of this organic carbon in the coastal zone, and their implications for future carbon sequestration. Here we used field experiments distributed across 28° latitude, and the entire range of two dominant kelps in the northern hemisphere, to measure decomposition rates of kelp detritus on the seafloor in relation to environmental factors. Ocean temperature was the strongest control on detritus decomposition in both species, and it was positively related to decomposition. This suggests that decomposition could accelerate with ocean warming under climate change, increasing remineralization and reducing overall kelp carbon sequestration. However, we also demonstrate the potential for high kelp-carbon storage in cooler (northern) regions, which could be targeted by climate mitigation strategies to expand blue carbon sinks.
Uroguanylin-decorated Nanosystems Containing Etoposide, a Potential Targeted Combination Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bouzo Belén L. , Lores Sainza , Jatal Raneem , Alijas Sandra , Alonso María José , Conejos-Sánchez Inmaculada , Fuente María de la
Published: July 2020

Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Guanylyl Cyclase C (GCC), a membrane receptor that is expressed in 95% of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer tumors is a promising target for the design of new drug delivery strategies. In this work we propose the use of Uroguanylin (UroG), a natural ligand for GCC, for the preparation of targeted sphingomyelin-based nanosystems (UroG-SNs). The results from in vitro cell culture studies showed that UroG-SNs have a specific interaction with the GCC receptor, resulting in an antiproliferative response. Subsequently, the anti-cancer drug etoposide (Etp) was encapsulated into the UroG-SNs. The evaluation of the resulting system showed a synergistic effect of the two drugs, thus highlighting the therapeutic potential of this strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Metagenomic Next-generation Nequencing Aids the Diagnosis of Co-infection In HIV-infected Patients
Authors: Chen Jiehua , Deng Guangying , Zhong Ruihua , Zhu Hongqiong , Li Xinghua , Xia Jinyu , Liu Xi
Published: July 2020

Background HIV-infected patients are easy to combine with various opportunistic infections due to their low immunity. Improving microbiological diagnosis in these patients is of paramount clinical importance.Methods Thirty-six HIV-infected patients with suspected infection were retrospectively reviewed from April 2018 to December 2019. The diagnostic performance of pathogens was compared between traditional microbiological methodology and mNGS.Results The sensitivity of mNGS for diagnosing infectious disease was outperformed of culture, especially for virus (mNGS only; P < 0.001), fungus (odds ratio [OR], 1.1[95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.9–1.5]; P < 0.05), parasite (mNGS only; P < 0.01) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.0 − 2.8]; P < 0.05). Moreover, for mNGS-positive cases where the conventional method was inconclusive, 27 (69.2%) cases led to diagnosis modification.Conclusions mNGS was more sensitive and comprehensive for pathogen identification therefore a promising method for microbiological diagnosis in AIDS patients with infection.
The Level of Vitamin A and Selenium of Cystic Echinococcosis in Aba and Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture , Sichuan, China
Authors: Li Cheng , Bai Yongqi , Zeng Mingcai , Luo Yong , Luorong Chumu , Jin Chuan , Guo Qulian , Wang Qian , Liu Wenjun
Published: July 2020

Background

Cystic echinococcus (CE), endemic in Asia, causes disease resulting in a high socioeconomic burden.
Methods

Eighty-nine echinococcosis patients and 274 controls from the Aba and Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan province in China were recruited. The serum levels of Selenium (Se) and vitamin A (VA) of the cases and controls were detected and stratified by age and gender.
Results

The results showed that the male to female ratio of the patients was 1:1.97. The echinococcosis patients were mainly adults. It was confirmed that the serum levels of VA and age were correlated. Compared with the healthy controls, the serum levels of Se and VA of the cases significantly declined in both children and adults.
Conclusions

It was confirmed that the serum levels of Se and VA were interrelated with the prevalence of echinococcosis.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 isoforms ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 are essential for myogenic differentiation
Authors: Rihani Laura , Franzmeier Sophie , Wu Wei , Schlegel Jürgen
Published: July 2020

Background

Satellite cells (SC) constitute the stem cell population of skeletal muscle tissue and are determinants for myogenesis. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) enzymatic activity correlates with myogenic properties of SCs and, recently, we could show co-localization of its isoforms ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 in SCs of human skeletal muscle. ALDH1 is not only the pacemaker enzyme in retinoic acid signaling and differentiation, but also protecting cell maintenance against oxidative stress products. However, the molecular mechanism of ALDH1 in SC activation and regulation of myogenesis has not yet been characterized. Method Human RH30 and murine C2C12 myoblast cell lines were investigated in regard of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A1 expression in myogenesis using Western Blot, Immunofluorescence and Aldefluor Assay.
Results

Here, we show, that isoforms ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 are pivotal factors in the process of myogenic differentiation, since ALDH1A1 knock-out and ALDH1A3 knock-out, respectively, impaired differentiation potential. Recombinant re-expression of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3, respectively, in corresponding ALDH1-isoform knock-out cells recovered their differentiation potential. Most interestingly, the chemical inhibition of enzymatic activity by disulfiram leads to ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 protein upregulation and subsequent myogenic differentiation.
Conclusion

Our findings indicate that ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 proteins are important for myogenic differentiation and, therefore, seem to be essential activators and regulators of SCs.
Exploration of New Mutations for Resistance of Houseflies to Organophosphate Insecticides in Housefly Populations in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Mou Rong , Yang Xi , Liang Qiuguo , Cheng Jinzhi , Mou Xiaohui , Shang Zhengling , Wang Gang , tan weilong , Wu Jiahong
Published: July 2020

Background： The campaign to establish the national sanitary city has been launched across major places in Guizhou Province, which leads to the extensive use of insecticide to eradicate the disease-carrier Musca domestica found everywhere while keeping the cleanliness of environment.Methods: In order to perceive the resistance of houseflies to the commonly used organophosphate insecticides in 7 housefly populations belonging to Guizhou province (China), the susceptibility bioassays, detection of resistance-associated mutations, and the carboxylesterase activity assay were conducted.Results: The bioassays exhibited 142.16~303.54-fold to dichlorvos (DDVP) and 122.13~363.98-fold to temephos. The molecular analysis unveiled mutant ACE gene at loci of 260, 342 and 407 in all populations, which led to high frequencies at 27.4~73.8% of 260L, 59.1~76.7% of 342A, 23.7~40.9% of 342V, and 83.4~100.0% of 407Y, with inclusion of 8 genotypes and 10 mutant combinations. Further analysis of mutations showed a linkage disequilibrium of L/V+A+Y at locus 260 & 342, indicating a significant association with the DDVP resistance. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test demonstrated that the observed ACE heterozygosity mostly exceeded 0.5 and deviated from the equilibrium. In the fixation index, an insignificant differentiation was noted among the 7 housefly populations. Conclusions: However, further research should concentrate on the use of insecticides to avoid the abuse of insecticides, and to regularly monitor the resistance of houseflies using novel methods.
The Impact of Hospital Overcrowding on Quality of Care: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Chen , Song Jinglin , Zhao Shaoyang , Zhou Leming , Chen Hong
Published: July 2020

Background
This study examines the impact of healthcare staffing levels on the quality of healthcare services.

Methods
We use data from a 10% random sample of inpatients in a city in China from January 2014 to June 2019, and annual reports from healthcare providers to exclude disease types related to air pollution. The final analysis uses a sample of 1122 disease types and 862,722 cases from 517 hospitals. The impact of changes in hospital admissions on length of patients’ stay in hospitals (patient hospital days) and the mortality rate of patients is analyzed by building ordinary least squares and instrumental variable measurement models and comparing the differences in the impact of healthcare staffing levels on the quality of care between different levels of hospitals.

Results
The patient hospital days decrease and mortality rate increases with increased attendance. Using the instrumental variable method, for every one-unit increase in the number of visits to the hospital, there is a 5.87% decrease in patient hospital days and an increase in mortality of about 0.37%. Both results are significant at the 1% level. The impact of healthcare staffing level on the quality of care varies between different levels of hospitals. The quality of care in tertiary hospitals is most affected by the number of visits, with an average decrease of 4.36% in patient hospital days and an increase of 0.27% in mortality for every one-unit increase in visits, significant at the 1% level.

Conclusions
Currently, China is in the transition period of a healthcare reform, and faces a large shortage of medical resources, there is considerable variation in healthcare staffing across different tiers of hospital. Continued sole reliance by hospitals on increasing the working hours of medical staff to meet patients’ medical needs is not sustainable, and may even have a negative impact on the quality of medical services.
The greater tuberosity radius ratio: maybe a new predictor in diagnosis of rotator cuff tear
Authors: Ma Qi , Sun Changjiao , Liu Pu , Wu Sha , Cai Xu
Published: July 2020

Background

The role of the greater tuberosity of humerus in subacromial impingement should be of equal important as the acromion. In this study we concerned on the morphological characteristics of the greater tuberosity of humerus and proposed the greater tuberosity radius ratio (GTRR) as a new predictor for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear. We hypothesized that a larger value of the GTRR could increase the risk of developing rotator cuff tear.
Methods

This was a retrospective study and clinical data and preoperative computed tomography images of the patients with rotator cuff tears (defined as the RCT group, simple size: 61) or without rotator cuff tears (defined as the control group, simple size: 56) were collected. Three-dimensional models of shoulders were established by multiplanar reconstruction of computed tomography scans. In a standard anteroposterior view, the radius of the best-fit circle of the humeral head (the r) and the radius of the concentric circle passing through the most superolateral edge of the greater tuberosity (the R) were measured for each shoulder. The ratio of R and r (R/r) was defined as the greater tuberosity radius ratio (GTRR). Independent samples t tests were used to find significant differences within the r, the R and the GTRR between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve based on the values of GTRR was performed to determine an applied cutoff value which may be useful in clinical practice.
Results

There was no significant difference in the values of r or R. However, the mean values of GTRR were 1.339 ± 0.143 (range, 1.087–1.684) and 1.244 ± 0.172 (range, 1.040–1.706) in the two groups respectively (p = 0.002). According to the ROC curve, an optimized cutoff value of GTRR was determined as 1.262, whose sensitivity was 72% and specificity was 65% for diagnosis of rotator cuff tear.
Conclusion

The greater tuberosity of humerus contributes to the mechanisms of rotator cuff tear. The greater tuberosity radius ratio is recommended as a new predictor for diagnosis of rotator cuff tear, with an optimized cutoff value set as 1.262.
Pulmonary CT signs in patients with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Zarad Carmen Ali , Shanab Waleed Said Ahmed Abo
Published: July 2020

Background: The aim of the study is to investigate the pulmonary CT signs in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. This study included 100 patients, 54 male and 46 female their ages ranged from 6 to 85 years. All Patients tested positive for COVID-19 infection by RT-PCR test included in this study. All the patients performed pulmonary CT scan and the CT findings were evaluated.Results: 90 patients (90%) had abnormal pulmonary CT. Two lungs affected in 79 patients (79%). Lesions involved 1 lobe (11%), 2-3 lobes (35%) and 4-5 lobes (44%). The most involved pulmonary lobes were right lower lobe (77 patients, 77%), followed by left lower lobe (71 patients, 71%), the most involved pulmonary segments were posterior segments (69 patients, 69%),peripheral sub-pleural lesions were the commonest lesions location (64 patients, 64%). The most common lesions pattern were ground glass pattern (44 patients, 44%), followed by mixed ground glass and consolidation patterns (33 patients, 33%). The commonest lesion shape was patchy opacities (40 patients, 40%). Reversed halo sign (28 patients, 28%), air bronchogram sign (39 patients, 39%), crazy paving pattern (77 patients, 77%), vascular thickening (66 patients, 66%), and pleural thickening (7 patients, 7%) CONCLUSION: The main pulmonary CT signs in patients with COVID-19 infection are bilateral, peripheral, multi-lobar patchy and nodular Ground glass opacification with or without consolidation. Other signs may also present include crazy paving pattern, reversed halo sign vascular thickening, and air bronchogram sign with no extra-pulmonary signs except for few pleural thickening.