bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method to study the hemodynamics of chicken embryo's aortic arches using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ko Zhen Yu Gordon , Mehta Kalpesh , Jamil Muhammad , Yap Choon Hwai , Chen Nanguang
Published: November 2016

Congenital cardiovascular defects are the leading cause of birth defect related death. It has been hypothesized that fluid mechanical forces of embryonic blood flow affect cardiovascular development and play a role in congenital malformations. Studies in small animal embryos can improve our understanding of congenital malformations and can lead to better treatment. We present a feasibility study in which high‐resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are combined to provide quantitative analysis of the embryonic flow mechanics and the associated anatomy in a small animal model.

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Sonographic diagnosis of splenogonadal fusion in a 2‐year‐old boy
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Ye Jingjing , Jiang Guoping
Published: November 2016

Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare congenital abnormality. It is typically identified during orchiectomy for a suspected testicular tumor or during orchiopexy. We describe the sonographic findings in a case of SGF that could help with correct diagnosis preoperatively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:179–182, 2017
Anomalous surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of aromatic aldehydes and carboxylic acids
Authors: Machado N. F. L. , Marques M. P. M. , Batista de Carvalho L. A. E. , Castro J. L. , Otero J. C.
Published: November 2016

Raman and SERS spectra of benzaldehyde (Bz‐CHO) and chromone‐3‐carboxaldehyde (Ch‐CHO) on silver colloids have been analyzed, being subsequently compared to the spectra of the corresponding acids. In the SERS spectra of both aldehydes, the band corresponding to the ν(CO) stretching mode of the carboxaldehyde group at ca. 1700 cm−1 is missing, while a new band at 1350–1400 cm−1, characteristic of the symmetric stretching mode of carboxylate group, is appearing in both cases. These results point out that aldehydes are oxidized to their corresponding acids when adsorbed on silver nanoparticles. This conclusion has been confirmed by means of HPLC‐MS analysis and supported on the basis of DFT calculations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time confocal laser endomicroscopic evaluation of primary liver cancer based on human liver autofluorescence
Authors: Maki Harufumi , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Arita Junichi , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Harihara Yasushi , Kokudo Norihiro
Published: November 2016

Background

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is available for real‐time microscopic examination. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative CLE examination as a modality to evaluate surgical margins in surgery for primary liver cancer.

Methods

A probe‐based CLE system (Cellvizio 100, Mauna Kea Technologies, Paris, France) was used. The subjects comprised seven specimens obtained from six patients with primary liver cancer in November 2015. The probe was manually attached to the surfaces of specimens, and images were collected without external fluorophores. CLE images were compared with hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides. Fluorescence intensity (FI) values of the CLE images were assessed using luminance‐analyzing software.

Results

CLE examination visualized non‐cancerous regions in the background liver as regular structures with high fluorescence because of human liver autofluorescence. Conversely, hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were depicted as irregular structures with low fluorescence. The median FI values of the non‐cancerous regions and the cancerous regions were 104 (79.8–156) and 74.9 (60.6–106), respectively, and were significantly different (P = 0.031).

Conclusions

The probe‐based CLE enables real‐time differentiation of cancerous regions from non‐cancerous tissues in surgical specimens because of human liver autofluorescence. CLE can be used to confirm negative surgical margins in the operating room. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:151–157. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utilization of pre‐operative imaging for colon cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: McInnes Matthew D.F. , Nanji Sulaiman , Mackillop William J. , Flemming Jennifer A. , Wei Xuejiao , Macdonald D. Blair , Scheida Nicola , Booth Christopher M.
Published: November 2016

Objective

To assess the use of pre‐operative imaging for colon cancer and to identify factors associated with utilization in routine clinical practice.

Methods

This population‐based, retrospective cohort study used a random sample of 25% of colon cancer patients treated with surgery in the province of Ontario (2002–2008). Pre‐operative imaging (<16 weeks from surgery) of the chest, abdomen‐pelvis was identified. Modified poisson regression was used to analyze factors associated with practice patterns.

Results

Of the 7,249 included patients, 48% had pre‐operative imaging (CT abdomen and imaging of the chest) in keeping with guideline recommendations. The rate of guideline concordant pre‐operative imaging increased over time: 64% in the most recent study period (2006–2008) versus 31% (2002–2004); P < 0.001. Variables associated with use of chest imaging: Age, co‐morbidity, surgeon volume, and geographic region; no association with gender, hospital volume, or socio‐economic status. Variables associated with use of abdomen imaging: Hospital volume and geographic region; no association with age, gender, comorbidity, socio‐economic status, or surgeon volume.

Conclusion

In clinical practice, the majority of patients were not receiving pre‐operative imaging that was in line with clinical practice guidelines; however, use increased over time indicating a possible association with dissemination of clinical practice guidelines. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:202–207. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microalgae amino acid extraction and analysis at nanomolar level using electroporation and capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Nehmé Reine , Atieh Carla , Fayad Syntia , Claude Bérengère , Chartier Agnès , Tannoury Mona , Elleuch Fatma , Abdelkafi Slim , Pichon Chantal , Morin Philippe
Published: November 2016

Amino acids play a key role in food analysis, clinical diagnostics, and biochemical research. Capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection was used for the analysis of several amino acids. Amino acid labeling with fluorescein isothiocyanate was conducted using microwave‐assisted derivatization at 80°C (680 W) during only 150 s. Good electrophoretic resolution was obtained using a background electrolyte composed of sodium tetraborate buffer (100 mM; pH 9.4) and β‐cyclodextrin (10 mM), and the limits of quantification were 3–30 nM. The developed capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence method was used to analyze amino acids in Dunaliella salina green algae grown under different conditions. A simple extraction technique based on electroporation of the cell membrane was introduced. A home‐made apparatus allowed the application of direct and alternating voltages across the electrochemical compartment containing a suspension of microalgae in distilled water at 2.5 g/L. A direct voltage of 12 V applied for 4 min gave the optimum extraction yield. Results were comparable to those obtained with accelerated‐solvent extraction. The efficiency of electroporation in destroying microalgae membranes was shown by examining the algae surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy. Stress conditions were found to induce the production of amino acids in Dunaliella salina cells.
Comparing population growth rates between census and recruitment‐mortality models
Authors: Serrouya Robert , Gilbert Sophie , McNay R. Scott , Mclellan Bruce N. , Heard Douglas C. , Seip Dale R. , Boutin Stan
Published: November 2016

In forested ecosystems, estimating the abundance or trend of most wildlife populations is difficult. Therefore, vital rates are often used to model population change, but validating such models is important. Using data from woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus), we compared estimates of population change (λ) based on vital rate models to λ based on aerial censuses. We modeled λ using Hatter and Bergerud's (1991) recruitment‐mortality (R‐M) equation (λ = survival/[1 − recruitment]). We estimated survival and recruitment from a sample of 317 radio‐collared caribou from 9 subpopulations in British Columbia, Canada. In this ecosystem, woodland caribou have high sightability (>85%) in winter and thus are easy to census compared to most forest wildlife. We found that the R‐M equation overestimated λ compared to census‐based λ across most of the observed range of data (e.g., if R‐M estimated λ of 1.1, census‐based λ was 0.99, and if R‐M was 0.90, census‐based λ was 0.89). We then assessed whether recruitment, survival, a linear model of both parameters, or the R‐M equation best predicted census‐based λ. The R‐M equation explained 60% of the variation in census‐based λ, more than double the next‐best approach (i.e., the simple linear model), even though identical parameters were included. Further, we simulated variability due to the unknown sex (M:F) ratio in the sample, and found that the R‐M equation remained the best predictor of census‐based λ. Although the R‐M equation was the most precise and accurate approach, our results reaffirm that it is important to periodically validate trend estimates based on vital rate models with estimates of absolute abundance, particularly for species of management concern. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Avoiding the scale sampling problem: A consilient solution
Authors: Bissonette J. A.
Published: November 2016

What if there was a way to solve one of the most complex and important scale challenges that ecologists face: the selection of the appropriate sampling scale resolution and extent when conducting studies. To date, the investigator conducting any study has been tasked with this challenge. Qualitatively different patterns arise as the scale resolution or extent of the observation is changed. Likewise, different patterns arise as the scales of the sampling are changed. Too often, data at one resolution are aggregated or interpretations of patterns at smaller scale resolutions and extents are extrapolated to larger extents. When this is done, either modifiable areal unit problems or extrapolation errors arise. I argue that consilient developments in movement ecology, graph (network) theory and analyses, and important technical advances in biologging can be linked synergistically to directly address the sampling scale problem, particularly in studies where understanding animal response to changing landscapes is the goal. The essence of the solution is that rather than having to decide the spatial extent and resolution to use, the issue is avoided by allowing the telemetered animal to show the relevant scales it uses as it moves during its daily, seasonal, and annual activities. The consilient result is that big data at the appropriate scales can be extracted rather than aggregated as is now the rule. Without data aggregation, no modifiable areal unit problems are involved because the dynamics are network based. Additionally, use of first passage time methodology and measurement of area‐restricted movements allow assessments of the scales of activity and the effects of environmental covariates on animal movement. I begin with a brief history of the concept of scale, describing what is considered to be the essence of the problem. I follow with a brief explanation of the developments in movement ecology, graph theory and analysis, and the technical advancements in biologging with examples from studies of wildlife species that are using these new developments. I then describe how their consilient integration can provide a different way of thinking about scale resolution and extent in ecology and suggest how ecologists can avoid the observer sampling scale complication by making a critical scale distinction and by using first passage time analyses. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Soil Biology Changes as a Consequence of Organic Amendments Subjected to a Severe Drought
Authors: Franco‐Andreu Luis , Gómez Isidoro , Parrado Juan , García Carlos , Hernández Teresa , Tejada Manuel
Published: November 2016

Effect of severe drought events in combination with organic amendments (municipal solid waste, MSW, sheep manure, SM, and cow manure, CM) on soil dehydrogenase, urease, β‐glucosidase and phosphatase activities and microbial community by analyzing phospholipid fatty acids was studied under controlled laboratory conditions for one year. Two levels of irrigation were used: (1) watered soils, where the soils were maintained at 60% of their water holding capacity through the experiment, and (2) non‐watered soils, without irrigation through the experiment. The severe drought conditions negatively affected the soil enzymatic activities and total bacterial and fungal PLFA concentrations. The application of organic amendments to the soil subjected to severe drought increased soil water retention and encouraged the growth and activity of soil microbial populations. However, the chemical composition of the organic matter applied to the soil also strongly influenced soil moisture. In non‐watered soils and compared with the unamended soil, the dehydrogenase activity was 71 · 3%, 60 · 9% and 38 · 6% higher in the soil with SM, CM and MSW, respectively. Urease activity was 60 · 6%, 51 · 5% and 37% higher in the soil with SM, CM and MSW, respectively. β‐glucosidase and phosphatase activities had a similar trend. Water retention was higher when the organic wastes applied to the soils had a higher content of humic acids than fulvic acid contents. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New orally active DNA minor groove binding small molecule CT‐1 acts against breast cancer by targeting tumor DNA damage leading to p53‐dependent apoptosis
Authors: Saini Karan Singh , Hamidullah  , Ashraf Raghib , Mandalapu Dhanaraju , Das Sharmistha , Siddiqui Mohd Quadir , Dwivedi Sonam , Sarkar Jayanta , Sharma Vishnu Lal , Konwar Rituraj
Published: November 2016

Targeting tumor DNA damage and p53 pathway is a clinically established strategy in the development of cancer chemotherapeutics. Majority of anti‐cancer drugs are delivered through parenteral route for reasons like severe toxicity, lack of stability, and poor enteral absorption. Current DNA targeting drugs in clinical like anthracycline suffers from major drawbacks like cardiotoxicity. Here, we report identification of a new orally active small molecule curcumin‐triazole conjugate (CT‐1) with significant anti‐breast cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. CT‐1 selectively and significantly inhibits viability of breast cancer cell lines; retards cells cycle progression at S phase and induce mitochondrial‐mediated cell apoptosis. CT‐1 selectively binds to minor groove of DNA and induces DNA damage leading to increase in p53 along with decrease in its ubiquitination. Inhibition of p53 with pharmacological inhibitor as well as siRNA revealed the necessity of p53 in CT‐1‐mediated anti‐cancer effects in breast cancer cells. Studies using several other intact p53 and deficient p53 cancer cell lines further confirmed necessity of p53 in CT‐1‐mediated anti‐cancer response. Pharmacological inhibition of pan‐caspase showed CT‐1 induces caspase‐dependent cell death in breast cancer cells. Most interestingly, oral administration of CT‐1 induces significant inhibition of tumor growth in LA‐7 syngeneic orthotropic rat mammary tumor model. CT‐1 treated mammary tumor shows enhancement in DNA damage, p53 upregulation, and apoptosis. Collectively, CT‐1 exhibits potent anti‐cancer effect both in vitro and in vivo and could serve as a safe orally active lead for anti‐cancer drug development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new approach to the nonlinear stability of viscous flow in a coplanar magnetic field
Authors: Xu Lanxi , Lan Wanli
Published: November 2016

We present a new Lyapunov function for laminar flow, in the x‐direction, between two parallel planes in the presence of a coplanar magnetic field for three‐dimensional perturbations with stress‐free boundary planes that provides conditional nonlinear stability for all Reynolds numbers(Re) and magnetic Reynolds numbers(Rm) below π2/2M. Compared with previous results on the nonlinear stability of this problem, the radius of stability ball and the energy decay rate obtained in this paper are independent of the magnetic field. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐cultural adaptation of the international consultation incontinence questionnaire male lower urinary tract symptoms—long form (ICIQ‐MLUTS‐LF) in Persian
Authors: Pourmomeny Abbas Ali , Mazdak Hamid
Published: November 2016

Aims

The purpose of this study was to translate male lower urinary tract symptoms long form (MLUTS‐LF) questionnaire and determine its psychometric properties in Persian speaking subjects.

Introduction

Assessment instrument is essential for research, making diagnosis, and for evaluating the treatment outcomes in subjects with lower urinary tract disorders of either gender. Long form of MLUTS questionnaire is a robust self‐report questionnaire that investigates the major aspects of lower urinary tract symptoms and their impact on quality of life.

Methods

After getting permission from the International Consultation International Questionnaire website, the forward and backward translation MLUTS carried out by researcher team and assess content/face/construct validity, reliability in sample of MLUTS Iranian patients and, quality rating and pilot testing.

Results

The irritating and obstructing lower urinary disorders were categorized as mild, moderate, and severe in the study sample. Twenty two subjects were suffering from urinary incontinence and most of the participants had benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.819. Correlations between the MLUTS and International prostate symptom score (IPSS) was 0.753.

Discussion

The MLUTS Questionnaire showed good internal consistency, content validity, and construct validity, as measured by correlation with scores on the IPSS.

Conclusion

The Iranian version of the MLUTS questionnaire is a valid and robust instrument that can be used in clinical settings and in research.
Computing Different Modes on Cathodes of DC Glow and High‐Pressure Arc Discharges: Time‐Dependent Versus Stationary Solvers
Authors: Almeida Pedro G. C. , Benilov Mikhail S. , Cunha Mário D. , Gomes José G. L.
Published: November 2016

Complex behavior can appear in the modeling of gas discharges even in apparently simple steady‐state situations. Time‐dependent solvers may fail to deliver essential information in such cases. One of such cases considered in this work is the 1D DC discharge. The other case is represented by multiple multidimensional solutions existing in the theory of DC discharges and describing modes of current transfer with different patterns of spots on the cathodes. It is shown that, although some of the solutions, including those describing beautiful self‐organized patterns, can be computed by means of a time‐dependent solver, in most examples results of time‐dependent modeling are at best incomplete. In most examples, numerical stability of the time‐dependent solver was not equivalent to physical stability.
Distinct Osteomimetic Response of Androgen‐Dependent and Independent Human Prostate Cancer Cells to Mechanical Action of Fluid Flow: Prometastatic Implications
Authors: González Álvaro , García de Durango Cira , Alonso Verónica , Bravo Beatriz , Rodríguez de Gortázar Arancha , Wells Alan , Forteza Jerónimo , Vidal‐Vanaclocha Fernando
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND METHODS

Prostate cancer frequently expresses an osteomimetic phenotype, but it is unclear how it is regulated and what biological and clinical implications it confers. Because mechanical forces physiologically regulate bone‐remodeling activity in osteocytes, we hypothesized that mechanical action of fluid flow (MAFF) at the cancer microenvironment may similarly foster prostate cancer cell osteomimicry.

RESULTS

We showed that in vitro MAFF on androgen‐dependent (LNCap) and androgen‐independent (PC3) prostate cancer cells remarkably increased OPG, VEGF, RunX2, PTH1R, and PTHrP gene expression in both cell lines irrespective of their androgen dependency. MAFF also altered the cytokine secretion pattern of prostate cancer cells, including Ang2, SCF, and TNFα increase with TRAIL decrease in the supernatant of both cell lines; preferential increase of Leptin and PDGF‐BB in LnCap and of VEGF, IL‐8, and G‐CSF in PC3; and exclusive increase of FGFβ, MIF, and PECAM‐1 with HGF decrease in LnCap, and of TGBβ1, HGF, M‐CSF, CXCL1, and CCL7 with NGF decrease in PC3. Murine MLO‐Y4 osteocyte‐conditioned medium (CM) abrogated M‐CSF, G‐CSG, IL‐8, TNFα, and FGFβ secretion‐stimulating activity of mechanical stimulation on PC3 cells, and did the opposite effect on LnCap cells. However, MAFF fostered osteomimetic gene expression response of PC3 cells, but not of LnCap cells, to mechanically stimulated osteocyte‐CM. Moreover, it abrogated TNFα and IL‐8 secretion inhibitory effect of osteocyte‐CM on mechanically stimulated PC3 cells and G‐CSF, TNFα, and FGFβ‐stimulating effect on mechanically stimulated LnCap cells.

CONCLUSIONS

MAFF activated osteoblast‐like phenotype of prostate cancer cells and altered their responses to osteocyte soluble factors. It also induced osteocyte production of osteomimetic gene expression‐ and cytokine secretion‐stimulating factors for prostate cancer cells, particularly, when they were mechanically stimulated. Importantly, MAFF induced a prometastatic response in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells, suggesting the interest of mechanical stimulation‐dependent transcription and secretion patterns as diagnostic biomarkers, and as therapeutic targets for the screening of bone‐metastasizing phenotype inhibitors upregulated during prostate cancer cell response to MAFF at the cancer microenvironment. Prostate 77:321–333, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel consensus algorithm for second‐order multi‐agent systems without velocity measurements
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Liu Yang , Lu Jianquan , Cao Jinde
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a novel consensus protocol for second‐order multi‐agent systems is elegantly designed, and it relaxes the common requirement of the velocity information of the agents. An interesting consensus criterion is explicitly derived in terms of the proposed cooperation law provided that the dynamical equation for each agent is linear. As an extension, the proposed cooperation rule is further extended to a general scenario, where the coupling weights characterizing the relationships among the neighboring agents are time‐varying. Accordingly, two distributed cooperative algorithms (node/edge‐based scheme) are explicitly designed. Moreover, we study the case of network with switching communication setting. It shows that edge‐based law is capable with the time‐varying topology, while the node‐based scheme is not. In addition, the proposed coordination strategies are applied to the tracking problem as well. Finally, these obtained consensus results are well supported in the light of the pendulum models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Vibrational (IR), Thermal analysis and Quantumchemical Study of a Series of Cyclic Chalcones
Authors: Al‐Ansari Ibrahim Ahmed Z.
Published: November 2016

In this work, the influence of expanding the cyclic ring (adding methylene group) on the properties of three dimethylamino chalcones derivatives (1‐3), is addressed, using a combined experimental (vibrational spectra (IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) and theoretical (density functional theory (DFT) and natural bond order (NBO) techniques.
Heck Reactions and Carbonylations of Alkenyl Nonaflates – Synthesis of Tetradehydroamino Acids and α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Taszarek Maurice , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: November 2016

In a brief exploratory study we investigated Heck reactions of several alkenyl nonaflates with a protected dehydroalanine derivative. Whereas simple alkenyl nonaflates provided the expected 1,3‐dienes in good to excellent yields, more complex oxa‐bridged bicyclic substrates gave poorer results. Nevertheless, this approach is of interest for the synthesis of tetradehydroamino acids. Palladium‐catalyzed carbonylations of alkenyl nonaflates employing molybdenum hexacarbonyl as convenient carbon monoxide source leading to esters or to carboxylic acids were also studied. Microwave conditions seem to be superior to purely thermal conditions. With an oxygen‐bridged bicyclic alkenyl nonaflate the expected carboxylic acid was isolated, however, the formation of a tropone derivative as a result of an acid‐promoted fragmentation was also observed.
Exploiting long‐term and short‐term preferences and RFID trajectories in shop recommendation
Authors: Ding Yue , Wang Dong , Li Guoqiang , Sun Daniel , Xin Xin , Qian Shiyou
Published: November 2016

Shop recommendation in large shopping malls is useful in the mobile internet era. With the maturity of indoor positioning technology, customers' indoor trajectories can be captured by radio frequency identification devices readers, which provides a new way to analyze customers' potential preferences. In this paper, we design three methods for the top‐N shop recommendation problem. The first method is an improved matrix factorization method fusing estimated prior customer preference matrix that is constructed by Session‐based Temporal Graph computing. The second method is a Bayesian personalized ranking method based on the first method. The third method is by tensor decomposition combined with Session‐based Temporal Graph. Besides, we exploit customer history radio frequency identification devices trajectory information to find customers' frequent paths and revise predicted rating values to improve recommendation accuracy. Our methods are effective in modeling customers' temporal dynamics. At the same time, our approach considers repeated recommendation of the same shop by designing rating update rules. The test dataset is formed by JoyCity customer behavior records. JoyCity is a large‐scale modern shopping center in downtown Shanghai, China. The results show that our approaches are effective and outperform previous state‐of‐the‐art approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Stahlverbundbaus
Authors: Pelke Eberhard , Kurrer Karl‐Eugen
Published: November 2016

Über die historische Entwicklung des Fügens biegesteifer Bauteile der Werkstoffe Stahl und Beton – des Stahlverbundbaus – ist bisher wenig bekannt. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden deshalb die einzelnen Phasen so herausgearbeitet, dass die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Stahlverbundbaus in großen Zügen erkennbar wird.

Die Initialphase (1850–1900) bildet den Verbundträger im Sinne von Empergers Ideal vom Haftverbund der Werkstoffpartner aus. Sukzessive folgt die konstruktive Trennung der Querschnittsteile in der Konstituierungsphase (1900–1925). In der Etablierungsphase (1925–1945) wächst die Erkenntnis, die Querschnittsteile konstruktiv verbinden zu müssen, zunächst als Lage‐ und dann als mechanische Schubsicherung. Dabei steht der Versuch im Mittelpunkt des Erkenntnisgewinns. Das quantifizierte Verbinden der Querschnittsteile durch ein konsolidiertes Versuchswesen und die Theoriebildung in der Vollendungsphase (1945–1981) lässt eine vielfältig gebaute Wirklichkeit im Industrie‐ und Stahlverbundbrückenbau entstehen.

On the evolution of steel‐concrete composite construction. Little has been written so far about the historical development of the joining of rigid elements made from steel and concrete – steel‐concrete composite construction. This article therefore describes the individual phases in such a way that the reader gains an overview of the evolution of composite construction with steel and concrete.

The composite beam in the sense of Emperger's ideal of the friction/adhesion bond between the materials marked the initial phase (1850–1900). This was followed by the constitution phase (1900–1925) with its constructional separation of the elements of the cross‐section. During the establishment phase (1925–1945) it was gradually realized that the elements of the cross‐section had to be connected structurally, initially as positional restraint, later as mechanical shear connector. Tests verifies the bearing capacity of steel composite constructions. The quantified connection of the elements of the cross‐section through standardized testing and the formation of theories in the classical phase (1945–1981) enabled the realization of multiple forms of steel‐concrete composite construction for industrial buildings and bridges.
Beyond quantification: in situ analysis of transcriptome and pre‐mRNA alternative splicing at the nanoscale
Authors: Cui Yi , Liu Jing , Irudayaraj Joseph
Published: November 2016

In situ analysis offers a venue for dissecting the complex transcriptome in its natural context to tap into cellular processes that could explain the phenotypic physiology and pathology yet to be understood. Over the past decades, enormous progress has been made to improve the resolution, sensitivity, and specificity of single‐cell technologies. The continued efforts in RNA research not only facilitates mechanistic studies of molecular biology but also provides state‐of‐the‐art strategies for diagnostic purposes. The implementation of novel bio‐imaging platforms has yielded valuable information for inspecting gene expression, mapping regulatory networks, and classifying cell types. In this article, we discuss the merits and technical challenges in single‐molecule in situ RNA profiling. Advanced in situ hybridization methodologies developed for a variety of detection modalities are reviewed. Considering the fact that in mammalian cells the number of protein products immensely exceeds that of the actual coding genes due to pre‐mRNA alternative splicing, tools capable of elucidating this process in intact cells are highlighted. To conclude, we point out future directions for in situ transcriptome analysis and expect a plethora of opportunities and discoveries in this field. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1443. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1443

This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Is Employer-Based Disability Management Necessary in a Social-Democratic Welfare State like Sweden?
Authors: Selander John
Published: November 2016

In this article the need for employer-based disability management (DM) in a modern welfare state is discussed. The article is not a traditional research article, but rather a conceptual article with a purpose to discuss and reflect over existing perspectives, and argue for a stronger focus on welfare state issues in DM research. Focus is set on Sweden and it is concluded that much of the thought behind DM is indeed built into the comprehensive welfare system. In addition to the employer's responsibilities regarding ill-health prevention, the Acts and regulations of the governmental social insurance agency's responsibilities regarding return to work are comprehensive. As can be seen, however, this is no guarantee that the established process will work in practice. In too many cases, the system in Sweden is suffering from organisational and case-level related problems. Against this background, it is suggested that current responsibilities put on the social insurance agency can be removed and instead be put on the employer. The answer to the main question stated in this article (i.e., ‘Is employer-based DM necessary in a social-democratic welfare state like Sweden?’) is obviously yes.
Generation and stability of inertia–gravity waves
Authors: Maurer P. , Joubaud S. , Odier P.
Published: November 2016

In the ocean, stratification and rotation allow for the existence of inertia–gravity waves. Instabilities of these waves, such as triadic resonant instability (TRI), may play a key role in the mixing process of the deep ocean. In an experimental set-up, we generate inertia–gravity waves which may become unstable depending on the background rotation and wave frequency. The instability produces secondary waves that match the spatial and temporal resonance conditions of TRI. The effect of rotation is introduced in a pre-existing theory and results in a prediction of the growth rate of TRI in the case of an infinite plane wave. The issue of finite size of the beam is then addressed using a simple model in which we show that the instability is enhanced in a given range of Coriolis parameter. Finally, we compare the experimental threshold of the instability with the model, and find good agreement except at higher rotation rate. At constant primary wave frequency, we analyse the evolution of the secondary wave characteristics with rotation. The appearance of unexpected sub-inertial secondary waves may be related to the discrepancy observed between predicted and experimental thresholds at higher rotation.
Multiple resonances of a moving oscillating surface disturbance on a shear current
Authors: Li Yan , Ellingsen Simen Å.
Published: November 2016

We consider waves radiated by a disturbance of oscillating strength moving at constant velocity along the free surface of a shear flow, which, when undisturbed, has uniform horizontal vorticity of magnitude$S$. When no current is present the problem is a classical one and much studied, and in deep water a resonance is known to occur when$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}=|\boldsymbol{V}|\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{0}/g$equals the critical value$1/4$($\boldsymbol{V}$: velocity of disturbance,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{0}$: oscillation frequency,$g$: gravitational acceleration). We show that the presence of a subsurface shear current can change this picture radically. Not only does the resonant value of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$depend strongly on the angle between$\boldsymbol{V}$and the current’s direction and the ‘shear-Froude number’$\mathit{Fr}_{s}=|\boldsymbol{V}|S/g$; when$\mathit{Fr}_{s}>1/3$, multiple resonant values – as many as four – can occur for some directions of motion. At sufficiently large values of$\mathit{Fr}_{s}$, the smallest resonance frequency tends to zero, representing the phenomenon of critical velocity for ship waves. We provide a detailed analysis of the dispersion relation for the moving oscillating disturbance, in both finite and infinite water depth, including for the latter case an overview of the different far-field waves which exist in different sectors of wave-vector space under different conditions. Owing to the large number of parameters, a detailed discussion of the structure of resonances is provided for infinite depth only, where analytical results are available.
Response of antioxidant enzymes inMythimna separata(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to thermal stress
Authors: Ali A. , Rashid M. A. , Huang Q. Y. , Wong C. , Lei C.-L.
Published: November 2016

The oriental army wormMythimna separata(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a migratory pest in Eastern Asia and China. Seasonal high temperatures in Southern China and low temperatures in Northern China are pressures favouring the annual migration of this species, while cold tolerance determines the northern limit of its overwintering range. A number of physiological stress responses occur in insects as a result of variations in temperature. One reaction to thermal stress is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be harmful by causing oxidative damage. The time-related effects (durations of 1, 4 and 7 h) of thermal stress treatments ofM. separataat comparatively low (5, 10, 15 and 20°C) and high (30, 35, 40 and 45°C) temperatures on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were determined. Thermal stress resulted in significant elevation of the activities of SOD, CAT and GSTs, indicating that these enzymes contribute to defence mechanisms counteracting oxidative damage caused by an increase in ROS. However, at high-temperatures, POX and T-AOC were also found to contribute to scavenging ROS. Our results also indicate that extreme temperatures lead to elevated ROS production inM. separata. The present study confirms that thermal stress can be responsible for oxidative damage. To overcome such stress, antioxidant enzymes play key roles in diminishing oxidative damage inM. separata.
Sequence stratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and facies analysis of Cambrian Series 2 – Series 3 boundary strata in northwestern Scotland
Authors: FAGGETTER LUKE E. , WIGNALL PAUL B. , PRUSS SARA B. , SUN YADONG , RAINE ROBERT J. , NEWTON ROBERT J. , WIDDOWSON MIKE , JOACHIMSKI MICHAEL M. , SMITH PAUL M.
Published: November 2016

Globally, the Series 2 – Series 3 boundary of the Cambrian System coincides with a major carbon isotope excursion, sea-level changes and trilobite extinctions. Here we examine the sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy and carbon isotope record of this interval in the Cambrian strata (Durness Group) of NW Scotland. Carbonate carbon isotope data from the lower part of the Durness Group (Ghrudaidh Formation) show that the shallow-marine, Laurentian margin carbonates record two linked sea-level and carbon isotopic events. Whilst the carbon isotope excursions are not as pronounced as those expressed elsewhere, correlation with global records (Sauk I – Sauk II boundary andOlenellusbiostratigraphic constraint) identifies them as representing the local expression of the ROECE and DICE. The upper part of the ROECE is recorded in the basal Ghrudaidh Formation whilst the DICE is seen around 30m above the base of this unit. Both carbon isotope excursions co-occur with surfaces interpreted to record regressive–transgressive events that produced amalgamated sequence boundaries and ravinement/flooding surfaces overlain by conglomerates of reworked intraclasts. The ROECE has been linked with redlichiid and olenellid trilobite extinctions, but in NW Scotland,Olenellusis found after the negative peak of the carbon isotope excursion but before sequence boundary formation.
Electrocoagulation improving bone cement use in middle-ear surgery: short-term and middle-term results
Authors: Galy-Bernadoy C , Akkari M , Mondain M , Uziel A , Venail F
Published: November 2016

Background:

Bone cement is used for ossicular chain repair and revision stapes surgery. Its efficient use requires cautious removal of mucosa from the ossicles. This paper reports a technique for easy, fast and safe removal of this mucosa prior to cement application. It consists of the application of monopolar electrocoagulation on the ossicles prior to bone cement application.

Methods:

The outcomes of six cases of revision stapes surgery and seven cases of partial ossiculoplasty, conducted between 2007 and 2012 using this new technique, were evaluated. Intra-operative reports and audiometric data were collected.

Results:

During the last assessment, reconstruction using bone cement resulted in mean post-operative air–bone gaps of 4.1 ± 6.5 dB in revision stapes surgery cases and 5.7 ± 5.5 dB in partial ossiculoplasty cases, reflecting a significant hearing improvement (p = 0.03). No complications were observed.

Conclusion:

Electrocoagulation allows the removal of mucosa from the ossicles in an easy, fast and safe manner, enabling the use of bone cement for ossicular chain reconstruction.
A version of a theorem of Pliss for non-uniform and non-invertible dichotomies
Authors: Barreira Luis , Dragičević Davor , Valls Claudia
Published: November 2016

For a dynamics on the whole line, for both discrete and continuous time, we extend a result of Pliss that gives a characterization of the notion of a trichotomy in various directions. More precisely, the result gives a characterization in terms of an admissibility property in the whole line (namely, the existence of bounded solutions of a linear dynamics under any nonlinear bounded perturbation) of the existence of a trichotomy, i.e. of exponential dichotomies in the future and in the past, together with a certain transversality condition at time zero. In particular, we consider arbitrary linear operators acting on a Banach space as well as sequences of norms instead of a single norm, which allows us to consider the general case of non-uniform exponential behaviour.
FASHION AND THE “INDIAN MUTINY”: THE “RED PAISLEY SHAWL” IN WILKIE COLLINS'SARMADALE
Authors: Choudhury Suchitra
Published: November 2016

In the April issueof theQuarterly Reviewof 1863, H. L. Mansel, Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at Oxford, disparaged “sensation” novels by comparing them to cheap fashion wear. “A commercial atmosphere floats around works of this class, redolent of the manufactory and the shop,” he taunted, “The public want novels and novels must be made – so many yards of printed stuff, sensation pattern, to be ready by the beginning of the season” (500). To scholars of Victorian literature, Mansel's analogy now serves as a commonplace for literary commercialism. Its other emphasis, which is on fashion, however, has received less attention. This paper examines Wilkie Collins's use of dress inArmadale(1864-66), as presented in the example of Lydia Gwilt's favoured attire, a “black gown and a red Paisley shawl”; and suggests that Collins uses the Paisley shawl to provide an indirect reference to the Indian Mutiny. In particular, the essay argues that as well as generating a humanised reading of Lydia's character, her shawl is a powerful metaphor to symbolize mid-century anxieties about class and empire.
Hearing loss and its association with occupational noise exposure among Saudi dentists: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alabdulwahhab Bander M , Alduraiby Raneem I , Ahmed May A , Albatli Lamya I , Alhumain Maram S , Softah Nada A , Saleh Shaza
Published: November 2016

Objectives/Aims:

Dental practitioners are prone to hearing loss due to noise exposure encountered in dental clinics. The aim of this study was to determine whether the persistent high-frequency sounds produced by the dental equipment could cause hearing decrement among the Saudi dental practitioners.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 38 randomly selected Saudi dentists from different specialties who were exposed to noise during working hours and 38 individuals as a control group. The participants underwent four audiometric tests that included an otoscopic examination, tympanometry, pure tone audiometry and the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) test.

Results:

The data revealed that ~15.8% of the dentists and 2.6% of the control group had some hearing loss. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the pure tone audiometry test; however, qualitative analysis revealed a higher percentage of hearing loss among the dentists’ group as compared with their control counterparts. A statistically significant difference was found in DPOAEs between the two groups in the left ear (P=0.002), and between the right and left ears (P=0.005).

Discussion:

In the present cross-sectional study, the prevalence of hearing loss among dentists as assessed with the pure tone audiometry test was 15.8%. Which was in accordance with a previous study performed by Khaimooket al., which revealed the prevalence of hearing loss in dental personnel to be 17.7%; however, no significant differences were observed compared to the control group in both studies. The otoacoustic emission test in the left ear exhibited significant changes. These changes could have been due to the presence and continuity of the sounds produced by high- and low-velocity suction devices on the left side of the dental unit knowing that 97% of the dentists are right handed.

Conclusion:

Evidence suggests that noise from dental clinics can cause hearing problems, which had a greater effect on the left ear than the right; however, these problems are not severe in nature. Noise-induced hearing loss was more prevalent among the dentists than the control group.
Tuning the chemiluminescence of a luminol flow using plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Karabchevsky Alina , Mosayyebi Ali , Kavokin Alexey V
Published: November 2016

We have discovered a strong increase in the intensity of the chemiluminescence of a luminol flow and a dramatic modification of its spectral shape in the presence of metallic nanoparticles. We observed that pumping gold and silver nanoparticles into a microfluidic device fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane prolongs the glow time of luminol. We have demonstrated that the intensity of chemiluminescence in the presence of nanospheres depends on the position along the microfluidic serpentine channel. We show that the enhancement factors can be controlled by the nanoparticle size and material. Spectrally, the emission peak of luminol overlaps with the absorption band of the nanospheres, which maximizes the effect of confined plasmons on the optical density of states in the vicinity of the luminol emission peak. These observations, interpreted in terms of the Purcell effect mediated by nano-plasmons, form an essential step toward the development of microfluidic chips with gain media. Practical implementation of the discovered effect will include improving the detection limits of chemiluminescence for forensic science, research in biology and chemistry, and a number of commercial applications.
Acetylation of histone H4 lysine 5 and 12 is required for CENP-A deposition into centromeres
Authors: Shang Wei-Hao , Hori Tetsuya , Westhorpe Frederick G. , Godek Kristina M. , Toyoda Atsushi , Misu Sadahiko , Monma Norikazu , Ikeo Kazuho , Carroll Christopher W. , Takami Yasunari , Fujiyama Asao , Kimura Hiroshi , Straight Aaron F. , Fukagawa Tatsuo
Published: November 2016

Centromeres are specified epigenetically through the deposition of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A. However, how additional epigenetic features are involved in centromere specification is unknown. Here, we find that histone H4 Lys5 and Lys12 acetylation (H4K5ac and H4K12ac) primarily occur within the pre-nucleosomal CENP-A–H4–HJURP (CENP-A chaperone) complex, before centromere deposition. We show that H4K5ac and H4K12ac are mediated by the RbAp46/48–Hat1 complex and that RbAp48-deficient DT40 cells fail to recruit HJURP to centromeres and do not incorporate new CENP-A at centromeres. However, C-terminally-truncated HJURP, that does not bind CENP-A, does localize to centromeres in RbAp48-deficient cells. Acetylation-dead H4 mutations cause mis-localization of the CENP-A–H4 complex to non-centromeric chromatin. Crucially, CENP-A with acetylation-mimetic H4 was assembled specifically into centromeres even in RbAp48-deficient DT40 cells. We conclude that H4K5ac and H4K12ac, mediated by RbAp46/48, facilitates efficient CENP-A deposition into centromeres.