bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycol methacrylate embedding for the histochemical study of the gastrointestinal tract of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum
Authors: Pinto A.J.W. , De Amorim I.F.G. , Pinheiro L.J. , Madeira I.M.V.M. , Souza C.C. , Chiarini-Garcia H. , Caliari M.V. , Tafuri W.L.
Published: October 2015

In canine visceral leishmaniasis a diffuse chronic inflammatory exudate and an intense parasite load throughout the gastrointestinal tract has been previously reported. However, these studies did not allow a properly description of canine cellular morphology details. The aim of our study was to better characterize these cells in carrying out a qualitative and quantitative histological study in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs naturally infected withÂ LeishmaniaÂ infantum by examining gut tissues embedded in glycol methacrylate. Twelve infected adult dogs were classified in asymptomatic and symptomatic. Five uninfected dogs were used as controls. After necropsy, three samples of each gut segment, including esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum were collected and fixed in Carnoyâ€™s solution for glycol methacrylate protocols. Sections were stained withÂ hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue borate, and periodic acidâ€“Schiff stain.Â LeishmaniaÂ amastigotes were detected by immunohistochemistry employed in both glycol methacrylate and paraffin embedded tissues. The quantitative histological analysis showed higher numbers of plasma cells, lymphocytes and macrophages in lamina propria of all segments of GIT of infected dogs than controls. The parasite load was more intense and cecum and colon, independently of the clinical status of these dogs. Importantly, glycol methacrylate embedded tissue stained with toluidine blue borate clearly revealed mast cell morphology, even after mast cell degranulation. Infected dogs showed lower numbers of mast cells in all gut segments than did controls.Â  Despite the glycol methacrylate (GMA) protocol requires more attention and care than the conventional paraffin processing, this embedding procedure proved to be especially suitable for the present histological study, where it allowed to preserve and observe cell morphology in fine detail.
A young woman with a left thoracic pain and normal chest radiograph
Authors: Modesto dos Santos Vitorino , Aires Teixeira Christiane , Andrade de Almeida Ana Carla , Ferraz Cavalcanti Giovana , Batista da Mota Tereza Cristina , Vieira Cançado Ana Carolina
Published: October 2015

A young Brazilian woman was admitted to the Emergency Division for localized pain in the left hemithorax and dyspnea worsened by movement for three months, without cough or fever. She was previously healthy and denied allergy, use of alcohol beverages, tobacco or illicit drugs; and was taking oral contraceptive - ethinylestradiol 0.02 mg/drospirenone 3 mg for nine months. Her physical examination and the findings of electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiogram, and echo-Doppler of lower extremities were unremarkable. Routine blood determinations were within normal ranges, except for the levels of Ddimers - 304 ng/mL (normal: <500 ng/mL). Respiratory function tests were not conclusive, and complementary imaging studies were done. After diagnosis and clinical management, she was discharged from hospital without symptoms.
Die ontmoeting van wêrelde en die beginsel van sola Scriptura
Authors: Dreyer Yolanda
Published: October 2015

The meeting of worlds and the principle of sola Scriptura. Rather than function as a catalyst for unity, the Bible can be the cause of conflict among Christian believers. The Bible is also often the reason for strife, specifically in the Reformed tradition, even though Protestants uphold the creedal truism of sola Scriptura and though the authority of the Bible is seen as selfmandatory, transcending the normative power of ecclesiastical or confessional traditions. This article focuses on biblical interpretation as both a cause of disunity and a possible means to achieve greater unity. The point of departure is that biblical interpretation consists of a fusion of horizons; it is primarily about the fusion of two horizons, namely that of the Bible and that of the reader. However, both these horizons represent a great diversity of perspectives. A variety of readers interpret the Bible from diverse contexts. The Bible itself also communicates a diversity of ideas. Even the notion ‘Jesus Christ’ does not function as a unified or unifying concept. The article proposes that the idea of ‘Jesus’ cause’ (Sache Jesu) could provide continuity between the world of the reader and the world of a biblical passage.
The role of urban religion in seeking peace beyond the mere absence of community conflict: A reading of Ephesians 2:11–22, with the homeless in the City of Tshwane
Authors: Nel Reginald W.
Published: October 2015

Urban religion, often visible in the work of faith-based organisations which consciously aim at unshackling the debilitating realities of urban marginalised communities, needs to be consciously inclusive in all its endeavours. In particular, this is crucial for actions such as those of the Tshwane Leadership Foundation that consciously seeks the peace of the city beyond the mere absence of conflict. This inclusivity requires a sensitive, creative, but also mutually transformative dialogue. This article aims at bringing into dialogue what biblical scholar Gerald West, in his proposal for contextual Bible Study, calls ‘trained’ readers of the Bible with what he calls ‘ordinary’ readers, who are homeless in the City of Tshwane. This methodology leads to a mutually transformative encounter in the common search for peace but also to appreciating the calling of urban religious communities in South Africa. It aims to make a contribution towards an inclusive and mutually transformative dialogue in order to contribute to the quest of urban religious communities to unshackle the marginalisation, whether it be in their consciousness or their environment.
Immunohistochemical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and CAM5.2 in glial tumors and their role in differentiating glial tumors from metastatic tumors of central nervous system
Authors: Goyal Rama , Mathur Satyavir Kumar , Gupta Sumiti , Goyal Rahul , Kumar Sanjay , Batra Ashima , Hasija Sonia , Sen Rajeev
Published: October 2015

Background and Objectives: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an important tool in the diagnosis of metastatic brain tumors. The judicious use of a panel of selected immunostains is unquestionably helpful in diagnostically challenging cases. In our study, the best combination of immune markers useful in differentiating metastatic carcinoma from high-grade gliomas in central nervous system (CNS) are glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cytokeratin (CK) (CAM5.2). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 80 cases of glial tumors including metastatic tumors to the CNS. Histopathological diagnosis was established on routine hematoxylin and eosin staining of the sections. Special IHC markers, GFAP, and CAM5.2 were used to differentiate glial from metastatic tumors. Result: Of total 80 cases, 40 cases of astrocytic tumors, 2 cases of ependymoma, 2 cases of mixed glial tumors, and 16 cases of glioblastoma multiforme were positive for GFAP. Twelve cases of oligodendroglioma were negative for GFAP. The sensitivity of GFAP in glial tumors was statistically significant as 81.1% and specificity 100%, whereas sensitivity and specificity of CAM5.2 in metastatic tumors were 100%. Conclusion: IHC plays an important role in diagnosing tumors of CNS and markers such as GFAP and CK (CAM5.2) are quite effective in differentiating glial tumors from metastatic tumors of CNS.
Toric Degenerations and Laurent Polynomials Related to Givental's Landau–Ginzburg Models
Authors: Doran Charles F. , Harder Andrew
Published: October 2015

For an appropriate class of Fano complete intersections in toric varieties, we prove that
there is a concrete relationship between degenerations to speciûc toric subvarieties and expressions
for Givental's Landau–Ginzburg models as Laurent polynomials. As a result, we show that Fano varieties
presented as complete intersections in partial flag manifolds admit degenerations to Gorenstein
toric weak Fano varieties, and their Givental Landau–Ginzburg models can be expressed as
corresponding Laurent polynomials.

We also use this to show that all of the Laurent polynomials obtained by Coates, Kasprzyk and
Prince by the so–called Przyjalkowski method correspond to toric degenerations of the corresponding
Fano variety. We discuss applications to geometric transitions of Calabi–Yau varieties.
El necesario papel de las Sociedades Profesionales de Enfermería
Authors: Crespo Montero Rodolfo
Published: October 2015

Las sociedades profesionales de enfermería surgen en un principio por imitación del modelo médico, debido al gran desarrollo de la atención especializada y al auge que experimentaron en la década de los ochenta, las especialidades médicas, con grandes avances científicos y tecnológicos que exigieron a las enfermeras estar a la altura de esas circunstancias, adaptándose a una especificación de la asistencia diferente en cada área. Estas asociaciones se fijaron, entre otros fines, reunir a los profesionales con especialidades o intereses comunes, intercambiar experiencias, actualizar su rol profesional y mejorar la competencia de sus miembros. Asimismo, iniciaron la edición de folletos y revistas profesionales. Muchas de ellas, en el momento de su aparición, crecieron gracias al apoyo inicial de médicos que creían en una especialización de Enfermería paralela a la suya. Una peculiaridad importante de las sociedades profesionales enfermería ha sido y es que sus miembros acuden voluntariamente a ellas en razón de intereses profesionales y promueven cauces de información y actualización del conocimiento y la práctica enfermera, así como de las novedades que en el campo de la salud se producen; además, apoyan, promocionan y desarrollan la formación continuada, propician la investigación "especializada" para contribuir a mejorar la calidad de los cuidados, potencian la relación de los profesionales y de la propia asociación con otros grupo y se constituyen como punto de referencia en las diversas áreas de su influencia. Muestra de ello, es el gran desarrollo que han alcanzado la mayoría de estas. No obstante, no han estado cohesionadas, siendo un problema la coordinación entre ellas, pues cada una ha ido surgiendo independientemente de las otras, sin relación entre si y con intereses muy variados, según los grupos de profesionales que las conformaron.
Valoración de los conocimientos que tienen los pacientes en hemodiálisis acerca de su tratamiento
Authors: Sánchez González Juan Carlos , Martínez Martínez Celsa , Pablos López Marta , Bethencourt Fernández Dámaris
Published: October 2015

Introducción: El incremento de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica que necesitan de terapias sustitutivas de la función renal es un hecho en nuestro entorno sanitario. La hemodiálisis es uno de los tratamientos sustitutivos de elección para estos pacientes.
Los pacientes presentan con frecuencia dudas y comportamientos que sugieren un déficit de conocimientos sobre la hemodiálisis y los aspectos que la rodean tales como el olvido de la medicación y el desconocimiento de las normas dietéticas entre otros. La falta de dichos conocimientos puede conllevar a la no adherencia del tratamiento lo que constituye un problema sanitario de primer orden.
El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue analizar el grado de información y conocimientos que tienen los pacientes en programa de hemodiálisis respecto a la propia técnica, a la dieta, a la medicación que deben tomar y al acceso vascular.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que, mediante una encuesta, estudiamos el grado de conocimiento acerca del programa de hemodiálisis y del tratamiento que llevaban a cabo los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica que recibían hemodiálisis en el Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz.
Se evaluaron 32 pacientes, para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la media y desviación típica para las variables cuantitativas y las tablas de contingencia para las variables cualitativas. Para el contraste de hipótesis se empleó el test de la Chi-cuadrado.
Resultados: La media de aciertos fue 14,44±2,75, de un total de 18 preguntas.
Nuestros pacientes, en general, tienen medios/altos conocimientos, dependientes de edad, ocupación y si cocinan sus propios alimentos.
Conclusiones: en consonancia con otros estudios consideramos que es necesario mantener una educación continua a lo largo del tratamiento con evaluaciones periódicas que nos reporten el nivel de conocimientos a lo largo del tiempo.
Análisis de la capacidad de autocuidados en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal
Authors: Carrillo-Algarra Ana Julia
Published: October 2015

Introducción: La Insuficiencia renal crónica es considerada una enfermedad de alto costo por sus efectos sobre la calidad de vida del paciente, la familia y el impacto en los servicios de salud, aspectos posibles de mitigar fortaleciendo el autocuidado.
Objetivo: Medir la operatividad de la capacidad de autocuidado y establecer su relación con características sociodemográficas y clínicas en pacientes del programa de diálisis peritoneal en unidades renales de Bogotá, Colombia.
Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal, población: 915 pacientes mayores de 18 años en diálisis peritoneal; se realizó muestreo probabilístico estratificado, se seleccionaron 105 pacientes en diálisis peritoneal automatizada y 174 en manual. Enfermeras especializadas en nefrología y urología les aplicaron tres instrumentos: Escala de Actividades de Autocuidado (ASA-A), Test de Morinski Green y formulario para caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica. Los datos se trataron mediante análisis descriptivo, utilizando tablas de frecuencia y correspondencias múltiples.
Resultados: El promedio de la capacidad de autocuidado es de 78.7, desviación estándar 16.5, el 72% de los pacientes obtuvo puntuaciones superiores al mismo. El 77.42% de los participantes se clasificó en el rango de operatividad de la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado alta, el 9.32% media y el 13.98% baja. La mediana se ubicó en 78 puntos, rango intercuartílico de 77-88, y la moda fue de 86 puntos. La puntuación máxima fue de 96 reportado por tres pacientes y la mínima fue 27. En conclusión el 22.30% de los participantes requiere que el personal de salud diseñe estrategias que fortalezcan la operatividad de agencia de autocuidado.
Estudio de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud del donante de vivo renal
Authors: Fernández-Viña Fernández Ana María , Valdés Arias Covadonga , Villar Fernández Elvira , Díaz Corte Carmen
Published: October 2015

Los diversos estudios que evalúan la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los donantes de vivo renales encuentran que es comparable a la de la población general, o superior, independientemente del tiempo desde del trasplante.
Objetivo: Evaluar la CVRS de los donantes de vivo renales y analizar aspectos relacionados con el proceso de la donación.
Material y Métodos: Se contactó telefónicamente con los donantes de trasplantes renales de vivo realizados hasta este momento en el Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, y a los que quisieron participar se les auto-administró el Cuestionario de salud SF-36 versión 2.
A su vez se recogieron variables sobre la donación, sociodemográficas y clínicas.
Resultados: De los 29 donantes, 25 fueron mujeres (edad 52±11). Dos receptores perdieron el trasplante y un donante falleció. El 41% fueron cónyuges, el 28% madres, el 24% hermanos y el 7% cuñados de los receptores. La creatinina pre-trasplante fue 0,71±0,11 mg/dL y al alta 1,05±0,22 mg/dL. El 55% sufrieron algún efecto adverso siendo dolores abdominales y molestias en la herida los más habituales, y aunque no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre laparoscopia y lumbotomía, estos últimos tuvieron un ingreso más prolongado 7±2 vs 5±1 días (p=0,015). Las puntuaciones en el cuestionario de CVRS fueron similares a las de la población general en todas las dimensiones y el 100% volverían a donar.
Conclusiones: La CVRS de los donantes post-trasplante fue comparable a la población general. Por otro lado los donantes no se arrepienten de la decisión de donar independientemente de los efectos secundarios sufridos o los resultados del trasplante en el receptor.
Heparinización directa del paciente frente a heparinización del circuito extracorpóreo en hemodiálisis: estudio comparativo
Authors: Pelayo Alonso Raquel , Cuadrado Mantecón Mª Eugenia , Martínez Álvarez Patricia , Rojo Tordable Marina , Ibarguren Rodríguez Emilio , Reyero López Marta
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Determinar si la forma de administración de la heparina durante el tratamiento con hemodiálisis influye en el estado de coagulación del sistema extracorpóreo.
Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental en 27 pacientes en Hemodiálisis crónica. Se establecen dos periodos de estudio. En el primero, la heparina prescrita se administra a través del acceso vascular y durante el segundo periodo, a través del botón arterial del sistema extracorpóreo.
Resultados: Se estudiaron 27 pacientes, siendo el 37% mujeres, y la edad media 68,63±17,44. El 63% de los pacientes realizaba Hemodiafiltración on line postdilucional. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a la dosis y parámetros de diálisis, el AV, el tratamiento anticoagulante ni la técnica de HD.
En cuanto al estado de coagulación, si agrupamos por puntuación mayor o menor de 5, en el primer periodo, el porcentaje medio agrupado inferior a 5 puntos alcanza el 94,09% mientras que en el segundo periodo es de 97,1%, lo que sí resulta estadísticamente significativo (p=0,035).
Conclusiones: Según nuestro estudio, administrar la Heparina sódica en el circuito extracorpóreo mejora el estado final de coagulación del sistema, lo que supone una menor pérdida sanguínea para el paciente.
Oteiza, escultor y arquitecto. Análisis de unos croquis inéditos para la universidad infantil piloto e ikastola experimental en Elorrio. 1964
Authors: Sarasola Rubio Fátima
Published: October 2015

En el archivo de la Fundación Jorge Oteiza se encuentran digitalizados, entre miles de documentos, los croquis que el escultor realizó para sus todavía inéditos proyectos de Universidad Vasca de los años sesenta. Muestro aquí los que, según mi investigación, corresponden al proyecto de Universidad Infantil Piloto que Jorge Oteiza proyectó para Elorrio en 1964. Constituyen en sí mismos el desarrollo experimental de este proyecto no construido. Son dibujos impregnados de primitivismo vasco, muy próximos a las piezas de su laboratorio de tizas pero que asumen los avances de la arquitectura funcionalista de la primera mitad del siglo veinte.
Dibujando el Townscape: en el centenario de Gordon Cullen
Authors: Montes Serrano Carlos , Alonso Rodríguez Marta
Published: October 2015

Hace veinte años fallecía el arquitecto y dibujante inglés Gordon Cullen, sin que las revistas españolas prestaran especial atención a su legado. Aprovechando que en 2014 se cumplió el centenario de Cullen, rendimos con este artículo un pequeño homenaje a su obra, y en especial a la génesis de su libro Townscape, que gracias a sus acertados análisis gráficos ha llegado a convertirse con el paso del tiempo en un clásico de la literatura arquitectónica.
De la representación a la experiencia. Realidad Aumentada para la interpretación del patrimonio monumental de la Lonja de Valencia
Authors: Puyuelo Cazorla Marina , Val Fiel Mónica , Higón Calvet Jose Luis , Merino Sanjuán Lola
Published: October 2015

La tecnología al servicio de la representación gráfica virtual está en plena expansión a través de múltiples aplicaciones emergentes entre las que destaca la Realidad Aumentada. En ésta convergen factores diversos: los soportes gráficos, las experiencias perceptivas o la naturaleza de los dispositivos para su interacción con las personas.

El proyecto 1 de investigación realizado para el edificio gótico de la Lonja de los Mercaderes en Valencia (patrimonio de la humanidad UNESCO, 1996)
ha desarrollado el diseño de una aplicación de Realidad Aumentada con el objetivo de observar y validar su empleo como recurso de accesibilidad a distintos contenidos de este enclave monumental.

Las experiencias “in situ” han permitido constatar aspectos relevantes sobre
su aportación en el contexto real como: la necesidad de simplificar los medios para favorecer la accesibilidad y autonomía del usuario o, el rol del diseño de las marcas como soportes de la interacción con los modelos virtuales.
De mezquitas a iglesias. Formalización y trazado en los procesos de reconversión de Toledo y Córdoba
Authors: García Ortega Antonio Jesús
Published: October 2015

Las reconversiones de mezquitas en iglesias constituyen una problemática compleja y heterogénea, frecuentemente abordada en la historiografía marginal o fragmentariamente. Un estudio de conjunto de las mezquitas cristianizadas de Toledo y Córdoba permite realizar un aproximación más amplia, así como una primera sistematización de los procesos arquitectónicos típicos. También en los casos analizados se detectarán los criterios de formalización y trazado que operaron, resolviendo la convivencia entre nuevo y viejo en reformas, o la integración de algún elemento islámico en reedificaciones más generales. Todo ello, a la postre, permite desmentir algunos errores comunes, y comprender mejor cómo se abordaba el difícil problema de la orientación.
Experimental evidence of condensation-driven airflow
Authors: Bunyard P. , Hodnett M. , Poveda G. , Burgos Salcedo J. D. , Peña C.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The dominant "convection" model of atmospheric circulation is based on the premise that hot air expands and rises, to be replaced by colder air, thereby creating horizontal surface winds. A recent theory put forward by Makarieva and Gorshkov (2007, 2013) maintains that the primary motive force of atmospheric circulation derives from the intense condensation and sharp pressure reduction that is associated with regions where a high rate of evapotranspiration from natural closed-canopy forests provides the "fuel" for cloud formation. The net result of the "biotic pump" theory is that moist air flows from ocean to land, drawn in by the pressure changes associated with a high rate of condensation. To test the physics underpinning the biotic pump theory, namely that condensation of water vapour, at a sufficiently high rate, results in an uni-directional airflow, a 5 m tall experimental apparatus was designed and built, in which a 20 m3 body of atmospheric air is enclosed inside an annular 14 m long space (a "square donut") around which it can circulate freely, allowing for rotary air flows. One vertical side of the apparatus contains some 17 m of copper refrigeration coils, which cause condensation. The apparatus contains a series of sensors measuring temperature, humidity and barometric pressure every five seconds, and air flow every second. The laws of Newtonian physics are used in calculating the rate of condensation inside the apparatus. The results of more than one hundred experiments show a highly significant correlation, with r2 > 0.9, of airflow and the rate of condensation. The rotary air flows created appear to be consistent both in direction and velocity with the biotic pump hypothesis, the critical factor being the rate change in the partial pressure of water vapour in the enclosed body of atmospheric air. Air density changes, in terms of kinetic energy, are found to be orders of magnitude smaller than the kinetic energy of partial pressure change. The consistency of the laboratory experiments, in confirming the physics of the biotic pump, has profound implications for current mathematical climate models, not just in terms of predicting the consequences of widespread deforestation, but also for better understanding the atmospheric processes which lead to air mass convection.
Factors influencing stream water transit times in tropical montane watersheds
Authors: Muñoz-Villers L. E. , Geissert D. R. , Holwerda F. , McDonnell J. J.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Stream water mean transit time (MTT) is a fundamental hydrologic parameter that integrates the distribution of sources, flow paths and storages present in catchments. However, in the tropics little MTT work has been carried out, despite its usefulness for providing important information on watershed functioning at different spatial scales in (largely) ungauged basins. In particular, very few studies have quantified stream MTTs and related to catchment characteristics in tropical montane regions. Here we examined topographic, land use/cover and soil hydraulic controls on baseflow transit times for nested watersheds (0.1–34 km2) within a humid mountainous region, underlain by volcanic soil (Andisols) in central Veracruz (eastern Mexico). We used a 2 year record of bi-weekly isotopic composition of precipitation and stream baseflow data to estimate MTT. Land use/cover and topographic parameters (catchment area and form, drainage density, slope gradient and length) were derived from GIS analysis. Soil water retention characteristics, and depth and permeability of the soil–bedrock interface were obtained from intensive field measurements and laboratory analysis. Results showed that baseflow MTT ranged between 1.2 and 2.7 years across the 12 study catchments. Overall, MTTs across scales were mainly controlled by catchment slope and the permeability observed at the soil–bedrock interface. In association with topography, catchment form, land cover and the depth to the soil–bedrock interface were also identified as important features influencing baseflow MTTs. The greatest differences in MTTs were found at the smallest (0.1–1.5 km2) and the largest scales (14–34 km2). Interestingly, longest stream MTTs were found in the headwater cloud forest catchments.
Effect of the North Equatorial Counter Current on the generation and propagation of Internal Solitary Waves off the Amazon shelf (SAR observations)
Authors: Magalhaes J. M. , da Silva J. C. B. , Buijsman M. C. , Garcia C. A. E.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery from the Amazon shelf-break region in the tropical West Atlantic reveals for the first time the two-dimensional horizontal structure of an intense Internal Solitary Wave (ISW) field, whose first surface manifestations are detected several hundred kilometers away from the nearest forcing bathymetry. Composite maps and an energy budget analysis (provided from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model – HYCOM) help to identify two major ISW pathways emanating from the steep slopes of a small promontory (or headland) near 44° W and 0° N, which are seen to extend for over 500 km into the open ocean. Further analysis in the SAR reveals propagation speeds above 3 m s−1, which are amongst the fastest ever recorded. ISWs main characteristics are further discussed based on a statistical analysis, and seasonal variability is found for one of the ISW sources. This seasonal variability is discussed in light of the North Equatorial Counter Current. The remote appearance of the ISW sea surface manifestations is explained by a late disintegration of the Internal Tide (IT), which is further investigated based on the SAR data and climatological monthly means (for stratification and currents). Acknowledging the possibility of a late disintegration of the IT may help explain the remote sensing views of other ISWs in the world's oceans.
Authentic Materials: A Motivational Tool for the EFL Classroom?
Authors: Sample Mark Graham
Published: October 2015

This research paper set out to explore if the use of authentic materials in the classroom increases young ‘English as a Foreign Language’ (EFL) learners’ motivation. The 10 week investigation used a qualitative approach with 15 participants studying in two separate classes each week. The control class used contrived materials from a standard EFL textbook and the experimental class used authentic materials such as movie extracts, restaurant menus and maps. A significant amount of data was collected through a number of methods which included; recording classroom interaction, student diaries, student interviews and a questionnaire.The investigation found that the participants’ motivation only increased when exposed to certain authentic materials, and that others caused de-motivation with ‘text difficulty’ observed as a key reason for this. The data revealed the varied nature of the materials used in the experimental class increased motivation in comparison to the control class, which noted repetitiveness as a cause of student dissatisfaction. Additionally, the authentic materials often incorporated activities that the participants liked and this helped raise motivation. Finally, there was evidence that students’ motivation was tied into particular activity types rather than whether they were authentic or contrived based.
Semantic Assessments of Experienced Biodiversity from Photographs and On-Site Observations – A Comparison
Authors: Gyllin Mats , Grahn Patrik
Published: October 2015

Since the 1960’s, public assessments of landscapes have often been carried out using photographic representations. How reliable and valid are these assessments compared with on-site observations? In the present study, participants have been asked to judge different areas in terms of a limited feature: the biodiversity of the area.

Digitalized photos from six different study areas were made available on the Internet, along with a questionnaire consisting of a semantic form with specific words/expressions to be rated in relation to the photos (four per area). Participants were recruited via mailing lists and informal contacts. These results were compared with a study in which students and ecologists had rated the same places using the same form, but this time on-site. The Internet participants were also asked to state their profession/education to make comparisons possible. The comparisons revealed differences between on-site and photo-based ratings, but the main difference was expressed by on-site biologists regarding areas with the highest experienced biodiversity values, possibly due to their higher degree of expertise and use of more senses than can be used when judging photographs. Concerning laymen in particular, it is concluded that the comparison between on-site and photo-based ratings is not conclusive enough to allow us to determine whether it is appropriate to use one method as a substitute for the other.
Challenges in Patient Discharge Planning in the Health System of Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Gholizadeh Masumeh , Delgoshaei Bahram , Abulghasem Gorji Hasan , Torani Sogand , Janati Ali
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: One of the main factors relating to quality of hospitals is effective discharge planning. Discharge planning promotes the quality of inpatient care and reduces unplanned hospital readmission. The current study investigated the challenges of discharge planning observed in the health system of Iran.

METHODS: This qualitative research was conducted using a thematic and framework analyses to identify the challenges under each themes defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), to understand barriers in developing an effective discharge planning system in Iran health system. The data was collected from detailed semi-structured interviews and sessions of focus group discussions. This study involved 51 participants including health policy makers, hospital and health managers, faculty members, nurses, practitioners, community medicine specialists and other professionals of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). To reduce the bias and to increase the credibility of the study, evaluation criteria from Lincoln and Guba were used. All interviews and FGDs were recorded and transcribed, then analyzed by the software MAXQDA-11 and also manually.

RESULTS: According to the WHO health systems framework, challenges of effective hospital discharge planning were divided into six areas, leadership/governance, service delivery, information, financing, health workforce, and medical production(themes), in which there were 5,3,2,2,3,1 subthemes respectively.

CONCLUSION: It is evident from the findings of this study that changes in the perspective of policy makers, health staff and managers, strengthening of systematic approach, and establishment of required infrastructures are essential for successful implementation of effective discharge planning in health systems in Iran.
Behavioral Analysis of Investors’ Attitude towards Dividend Declaration in Developing Country–A Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Dewri Leo Vashkor , Islam Md. Rashidul
Published: October 2015

Dividend paying on share is one of the most significant topics of behavioral finance and Capital Market literature. Previous research attempts to evidence on dividend declaration and investors’ perception based on developed economies. This research attempts to fill the gap between developed and developing economies on dividend deceleration of investors’ perception. The aim of this research is to investigate empirical facts on dividend clienteles in Bangladesh Capital Market as well as scrutinize the correlations among various dividend expectation and the diverse attributes of investors’ community in Bangladesh on dividend payment. Also, it aims to test theories those have previously been built concerning on dividends paying stock of investor perceptions. The study has been conducted on 250 active stratified random samples of Bangladeshi investors who provided data related to dividends preferences by conducting face to interview with structured questionnaires. This research support that there is negative association between stipulate for dividend paying stocks and investors demographic attributes in the Bangladesh Capital Market. We find that corporate managers do not consider investors expectation on dividend paying stock. The study also reveals that one of the most important determinants of dividend initiations among Bangladeshi firms are the value-weighted dividend yield in the industry. As well as investors’ perception depends on different attributes of investors’ and dividend preference.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 10, No. 11
Authors: Lee Stephen
Published: October 2015

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 10, No. 11

 
Validation of the ANSR®Listeria Method for Detection of Listeria spp. in Selected Foods
Authors: Caballero Oscar , Alles Susan , Wendorf Michael , Gray R Lucas , Walton Kayla , Pinkava Lisa , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer
Published: October 2015

ANSR®Listeria was previously certified as Performance Tested MethodSM 101202 for detection of Listeria spp. on selected environmental surfaces. This study proposes a matrix extension to the method for detection of Listeria spp. in selected food matrixes. The method is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification assay based on the nicking enzyme amplification reaction technology. Following single-step sample enrichment for 16–24 h, the assay is completed in less than 50 min, requiring only simple instrumentation. Inclusivity testing was performed using a panel of 51 strains of Listeria spp., representing the species L. grayi, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. monocytogenes, L. seeligeri, and L. welshimeri. All strains tested were detected by the ANSR assay. Exclusivity testing of 30 strains representing non-Listeria Gram-positive bacteria yielded no evidence of cross-reactivity. Performance of the ANSR method for detection of Listeria spp. was compared to that of reference culture procedures for pasteurized liquid egg, pasteurized 2% milk, Mexican-style cheese, ice cream, smoked salmon, lettuce, cantaloupe, and guacamole. Data obtained in these unpaired studies and analyzed using a probability of detection model demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences in results between the ANSR and reference culture methods, except for milk at 16 h and cantaloupe. In milk and smoked salmon, ANSR sensitivity was low at 16 h and therefore the recommended incubation time is 24 h. In cantaloupe, ANSR was found to be more sensitive than the reference culture method at both 16 and 24 h in independent aboratory testing. The ANSR Listeria method can be used as an accurate, rapid, and simple alternative to standard culture methods for detection of Listeria spp. in selected food types.
A Short Interspersed Nuclear Element (SINE)-Based Real-Time PCR Approach to Detect and Quantify Porcine Component in Meat Products
Authors: Zhang Chi , Fang Xin , Qiu Haopu , Li Ning
Published: October 2015

Real-time PCR amplification of mitochondria gene could not be used for DNA quantification, and that of single copy DNA did not allow an ideal sensitivity. Moreover, cross-reactions among similar species were commonly observed in the published methods amplifying repetitive sequence, which hindered their further application. The purpose of this study was to establish a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE)-based real-time PCR approach having high specificity for species detection that could be used in DNA quantification. After massive screening of candidate Sus scrofa SINEs, one optimal combination of primers and probe was selected, which had no cross-reaction with other common meat species. LOD of the method was 44 fg DNA/reaction. Further, quantification tests showed this approach was practical in DNA estimation without tissue variance. Thus, this study provided a new tool for qualitative detection of porcine component, which could be promising in the QC of meat products.
Validation of a Minor Modification to the Soleris® Direct Yeast and Mold Vial and Selective Supplement
Authors: Alles Susan , McDougal Susan , Caballero Oscar , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer
Published: October 2015

Here we describe results of a study to validate minor reagent formulation changes to the Soleris Direct Yeast and Mold (DYM) automated growth-based method for semi-quantitative detection of yeast and mold in food products. In order to reduce the maximum concentration of the selective agent chloramphenicol in the Soleris reagents, chloramphenicol was removed from the selective supplement and added to the vial growth medium itself. Therefore, both the vial medium and supplement have been reformulated in an alternative version of the method. A probability of detection (POD) statistical model was used to compare Soleris results at multiple test thresholds (dilutions) with plate counts determined using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual dilution plating procedure. Three matrixes were tested; yogurt, tomato juice, and cocoa powder. POD analysis showed that the percentage of positive Soleris tests at various test thresholds were within the limits predicted by the reference method plate counts for all matrixes evaluated. Real-time stability data on three manufactured lots showed that the modified Soleris vial and supplement are stable for at a minimum of 10 months when stored at 2–8°C. In sum, results presented here demonstrate that the modifications to the Soleris DYM vial and supplement do not impact method performance. The modified Soleris DYM method can be used as an accurate alternative to conventional dilution plating procedures for semi-quantitative determination of yeast and mold at threshold levels, while saving as much as 3 days in analysis time.
Determination of Chloride in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Automated Potentiometry: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.08
Authors: Jaudzems Gregory G
Published: October 2015

A direct potentiometric method involving titration against a standard volumetric silver nitrate solution using a silver electrode to detect the end point was evaluated for the determination of chloride in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula. It was assessed for compliance against AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®) established by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN). A single-laboratory validation (SLV) study was conducted as a first step in the process to validate the method. In this SLV, 17 SPIFAN matrixes representing a range of infant formula and adult nutritional products were evaluated for their chloride content. The analytical range was found to be between 1.4 and 1060 mg/100 g reconstituted product or ready-to-feed (RTF) liquid. The LOQ was estimated as 1.4 mg/100 g. Method repeatability was between 0.03 and 1.60% in the range of 20 to 167 mg/100 g RTF, and intermediate precision was between 0.09 and 2.77% in the same range. Recovery values based on spiking experiments at two different levels of chloride ranged from 99.0 to 103% for 15 different SPIFAN products. Evaluation of trueness was performed on National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1849a (Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula) and showed 97.2% of the theoretical value, with no bias at the 95% confidence level. Based on the results of the SLV, the method met the SMPR and was approved as a First Action method by the AOAC Expert Review Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals on March 17, 2015.
A Dynamic Localized Adjustable Force Field Method for Real-Time Assistive Non-Holonomic Mobile Robotics
Authors: Gillham Michael , Howells Gareth
Published: October 2015

Providing an assistive navigation system that augments rather than usurps user control of a powered wheelchair represents a significant technical challenge. This paper evaluates an assistive collision avoidance method for a powered wheelchair that allows the user to navigate safely whilst maintaining their overall governance of the platform motion. The paper shows that by shaping, switching and adjusting localized potential fields we are able to negotiate different obstacles by generating a more intuitively natural trajectory, one that does not deviate significantly from the operator in the loop desired-trajectory. It can also be seen that this method does not suffer from the local minima problem, or narrow corridor and proximity oscillation, which are common problems that occur when using potential fields. Furthermore this localized method enables the robotic platform to pass very close to obstacles, such as when negotiating a narrow passage or doorway.
Four new species of the genus Caccothryptus (Coleoptera, Limnichidae)
Authors: Yoshitomi Hiroyuki
Published: October 2015

Four new species of the genus Caccothryptus (Coleoptera: Limnichidae) are described: C. taiwanus from Taiwan; C. orion from Okinawa; C. tibetanus and C. chayuensis from Tibet. All the species belong to the testudo species group (sensu Hernando & Ribera 2014). Additional specimen data and an updated species list are also given, and C. testudo Champion, 1923 is newly recorded from Thailand.
Tomada de decisão multicritério na migração de aplicativos para ambientes de nuvem do tipo software as a service
Authors: Ribas Maristella , Lima Alberto Sampaio , Souza José Neuman de , Sousa Flávio Rubens de Carvalho , Fenner Germano
Published: October 2015

Serviços em nuvem podem oferecer boas vantagens econômicas para as empresas. Entretanto, a adoção de tais serviços necessita ser avaliada em relação a fatores qualitativos. Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para tomada de decisão multicritério, visando a escolha sobre a adoção da utilização de serviços na nuvem, considerando não apenas o maior apelo comercial que é o custo, mas também fatores qualitativos importantes, como segurança, desempenho e qualidade.
A agroecologia e os serviços ambientais
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Clovis José Fernandes , Santos Jennifer Leão dos , Maximo Helen Cristina
Published: October 2015

Nos dias de hoje já é amplamente percebida a degradação dos serviços ambientais, dos solos e de outros recursos naturais promovidos pelo atual modelo de desenvolvimento agrícola. A agroecologia surge a partir desta constatação e nutre um modelo que seja capaz de realizar a produção agrícola e ao mesmo tempo, zelar pelos recursos naturais. Este trabalho propõe uma análise da relação entre o uso do solo para produção agrícola e os serviços ambientais, sob a ótica do modelo hegemônico de se produzir alimentos (sistema industrial – revolução verde) ou da agroecologia. A análise das externalidades promovidas pelos dois modelos deixa claro que os ganhos e vantagens que a agroecologia promove aos serviços ambientais e equilíbrio ecológico, e a coloca como um modelo que estabelece uma relação mais harmônica com a natureza, com preservação dos recursos naturais e serviços ambientais.
Turismo e recursos naturais: o lugar das unidades de conservação no ecoturismo
Authors: Lopes Elfany Reis do Nascimento , Santos Adriana Melo
Published: October 2015

Os recursos naturais têm sido utilizados como importantes atributos para o desenvolvimento do turismo no Brasil. Ao longo do tempo, com a necessidade de áreas de lazer, as unidades de conservação passaram a ser vistas como áreas potenciais para a prática do turismo. As tipologias de unidades de conservação permitem diferentes objetivos e utilização de seus espaços territoriais, e podem ser utilizadas, dentre outros, para o turismo ecológico. Os recursos naturais, nestas áreas, são vistos como o principal aspecto de atração turística. As dificuldades encontradas na relação dos recursos naturais e turismo residem hoje na necessidade de uma exploração sustentável destes recursos, assim como, a ausência de uma educação ambiental crítica entre gestores e visitantes, trazendo a tona problemas ambientais, e a consequente degradação ambiental das áreas conservadas.
Pain management in a patient with an addiction history
Authors: Sees Karen Lea
Published: October 2015

Despite a concerned effort over the past decade to improve education of healthcare providers and the public on the need for aggressive treatment of pain, this condition is still woefully undertreated. Patients who are the most undertreated for both acute and chronic pain, even terminal pain, are those with histories of addictions and those who are viewed as being at high risk for addiction. H physicians approach theirpatients with the belief that they deserve good analgesia, then it is not appropriate to avoid prescribing controlled substances to anyone in pain, including addicted patients. It is not appropriate to deny an addicted patient pain medication simply because of their status of addiction. When these principles are followed, the healthcare professional's task of adequately treating pain becomes easier. Although the approach to pain treatment may be somewhat modified for patients with an addiction history, that history alone should not preclude treating their pain, including using opioid medications when appropriate.
Pain management at the end of life
Authors: Cavalieri Thomas A
Published: October 2015

Pain at the end of life is often undertreated, yet clearly defined management strategies have demonstrated that pain at the end of life can be prevented. Although many barriers to effective pain management exist, the primary care physician is in a pivotal role to coordinate the management of pain through a multidisciplinary approach. Two types of pain, nociceptive and neuropathic, have been described, and appropriate management requires identifying which type of pain is present. The World Health Organization has proposed the "three-step analgesic ladder" approach to painmanagement whereby nonopioid, opioid, and adjuvant analgesics are used based on the type and intensity of pain. Although opioids are the mainstay of severe pain management, misconceptions exist regarding the significance of drug dependence and addiction. Through appropriate knowledge of opioid dosing intervals and titration, healthcare practitioners can effectively manage severe pain at the end of life; pain should not be used to justify the acceptance of physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. Through the ethical principle of the " double effect," opioids intended to control pain at the end of life can be administered even if such administration hastens the dying process. Physicians can and should enhance the quality of life of their dying patients by enabling them to avoid pain.