bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of GPM IMERG Precipitation Products over the Tropical Oceans Using Buoys
Authors: Pradhan Rajani Kumar , Markonis Yannis
Published: July 2023

The majority of global precipitation falls in tropical oceans. Nonetheless, due to the lack of in situ precipitation measurements, the number of studies over the tropical oceans remains limited. Similarly, the performance of IMERG products over the tropical oceans is unknown. In this context, this study quantitatively evaluates the 20 years (2001–20) of IMERG V06 Early, Late, and Final products against the in situ buoys’ estimates using the pixel–point approach at a daily scale across the tropical oceans. Results show that IMERG represents well the mean spatial pattern and spatial variation of precipitation, though significant differences exist in the magnitude of precipitation amount. Overall, IMERG notably overestimates precipitation across the tropical ocean, with maxima over the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, while it performs better over the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Moreover, irrespective of the region, IMERG sufficiently detects precipitation events (i.e., >0.1 mm day−1) for high-precipitation regions, though it significantly overestimates the magnitude. Despite IMERG’s detection issues of precipitation events over the regions with lower precipitation, it is in good agreement with the buoys in total precipitation estimation. The positive hit bias and false alarm bias are the major contributions to the overall total positive bias. Furthermore, the detection capability of IMERG tends to decline with increasing precipitation rates. In terms of IMERG runs, the IMERG Final product performs slightly better than the Early and Late runs. More detailed studies over the tropical oceans are required to better characterize the biases and their sources.
Pathways of Global Cultural Diffusion: Mass Media and People’s Moral Declarations about Men’s Violence against Women
Authors: Swindle Jeffrey
Published: July 2023

Current theories of global cultural diffusion outline abstract mechanisms through which cultural scripts spread across the world. To reveal how scripts reach individuals, one must identify the specific pathways of diffusion. I examine the case of how scripts about gender relations and violence are diffused through mass media to people in Malawi. Using a mixed-methods approach, I find that international development organizations work with Malawian journalists to produce an array of content denouncing the practice of men abusing women. Entertainment media companies, however, disseminate content portraying patriarchal gender stereotypes. I show that mass media content critical of men’s violence of women is positively associated with people’s stated rejection of this practice, whereas individuals’ exposure to content mixed with patriarchal scripts is not. Notably, a one-standard-deviation increase in the number of newspaper articles critically covering men’s abuse toward women in the 30 days leading up to a person’s unique survey interview date is associated with a 3.2 (women) or 2.1 (men) percentage-point increase in the probability of respondents stating that they condemn such violence. Broadly, the results outline a multifaceted portrait of global cultural diffusion, with liberal and patriarchal scripts simultaneously reaching individual people.
Sample Generation Method Based on Variational Modal Decomposition and Generative Adversarial Network (VMD–GAN) for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Detection Using Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy
Authors: Hu Yingtian , Dai Bin , Yang Yujing , Zhao Dongdong , Ren Hongliang
Published: July 2023

Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy can realize the detection of chemical oxygen demand (COD), especially for low concentration levels due to its high sensitivity, but the issue of insufficient real water sample data has always been a challenge owing to the low probability of occurrence of actual water pollution events. However, in existing methods, generated absorption spectra do not conform to actual situations as the former neglect the actual spectral characteristics. On the other hand, the diversity and complexity are restricted because the information in one-dimensional data is not enough for direct spectral generation. This study proposed a spectral sample generation method based on the variational modal decomposition and generative adversarial network (VMD–GAN). First, the VMD algorithm was utilized to separate principal components and residuals of absorption spectra. Among them, the GAN was used to generate new principal components to ensure that the major spectral characteristics of actual water samples are not lost. The corresponding residuals were then obtained by adjusting the parameters of a three-order Gaussian fitting function, which is more beneficial than the direct use of GAN in the aspect of diversity and complexity. Based on the spectral reconstruction with new principal components and residuals, various absorption spectra were generated more coincident with actual situations. Finally, the effectiveness of this method was evaluated by establishing regression models and predicting COD for actual water samples. In all, the insufficient water sample data can be expanded for a better performance in modeling and analysis of water pollution using the proposed method.
Biomechanical Demands and User Preference Associated with Wall-Mounted and Rim-Mounted Grab Bars
Authors: Greene Rebecca , Levine Iris C. , Guay Manon , Novak Alison C.
Published: July 2023

Background. Grab bars are used to support bathing tasks. Sometimes, temporary rim-mounted grab bars may be preferred over permanent wall-mounted grab bars. Purpose. We compared postural requirements, applied loads, and user perceptions between two configurations of rim-mounted grab bars, a vertical wall-mounted grab bar, and a no-grab bar condition. Method. Ten adults entered and exited a simulated bathing environment. Trunk flexion was evaluated via 3D kinematics, while load cells mounted to the grab bars facilitated the evaluation of applied loads. Participants rated each condition on perceived safety, comfort, effectiveness, and ease of use. Findings. Rim-mounted grab bars resulted in greater trunk flexion and greater applied loads and were less favorably perceived. Implications. The rim-mounted grab bars included in this study may induce challenging postural demands and loading scenarios, and occupational therapists should consider whether they meet the needs of their clients.
Parents’ Experiences and Perspectives of Their Child’s Sleep Quality During Hospitalization
Authors: van der Perk Cor-Jan , Burger Pia , Maaskant Jolanda , Gemke Reinoud J. B. J.
Published: July 2023

Sleep is essential for maintenance and restoration of health, yet studies exploring this in hospitalized children are scarce. In a qualitative study, we assessed the perceived quality of sleep, factors affecting sleep, and the role of health care professionals in the sleep environment for hospitalized children aged 1 to 12 years. Data were obtained from 11 semi-structured, audio-recorded, and verbatim-transcribed interviews with parents, and analyzed using a systematic thematic analysis. The interviews were coded based on iterative assessment of transcripts. Subsequently, categories and interpretative main themes were identified. Four themes emerged: (1) being informed, keeping informed; (2) coordination of care; (3) parents as main advocates for their child’s sleep; and (4) environmental disturbers. Parents reported differences in their child’s sleep quality during hospital compared with home. Sleep is substantially affected during hospitalization, prompting the need for interventions to improve the quality of sleep of children. Parents provided valuable suggestions for improvements.
An Illustration of an IRTree Model for Disengagement
Authors: Leventhal Brian C , Pastor Dena
Published: July 2023

Low-stakes test performance commonly reflects examinee ability and effort. Examinees exhibiting low effort may be identified through rapid guessing behavior throughout an assessment. There has been a plethora of methods proposed to adjust scores once rapid guesses have been identified, but these have been plagued by strong assumptions or the removal of examinees. In this study, we illustrate how an IRTree model can be used to adjust examinee ability for rapid guessing behavior. Our approach is flexible as it does not assume independence between rapid guessing behavior and the trait of interest (e.g., ability) nor does it necessitate the removal of examinees who engage in rapid guessing. In addition, our method uniquely allows for the simultaneous modeling of a disengagement latent trait in addition to the trait of interest. The results indicate the model is quite useful for estimating individual differences among examinees in the disengagement latent trait and in providing more precise measurement of examinee ability relative to models ignoring rapid guesses or accommodating it in different ways. A simulation study reveals that our model results in less biased estimates of the trait of interest for individuals with rapid responses, regardless of sample size and rapid response rate in the sample. We conclude with a discussion of extensions of the model and directions for future research.
Evaluation of Bivalirudin During Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Retrospective Characterization of Dosing, Efficacy and Bleeding
Authors: Lopez Natasha D. , Seto Stephanie L. , Barra Megan E. , Roberts Russel J. , Rosovsky Rachel P. , Solomon Edmond J. , Dalia Adam
Published: July 2023

Objective: Although heparin is the current standard anticoagulant during venoarterial (VA) and venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), factors including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, heparin resistance and drug shortages necessitate alternative anticoagulants such as direct thrombin inhibitors. The aim was to characterize dosing, safety, and efficacy of bivalirudin during ECMO support. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 24 adults on ECMO support who received ≥6 hours of bivalirudin. The primary endpoint was dose to first therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Secondary endpoints included evaluating dosing between ECMO modes, incidence of bleeding and thrombotic events, and time in therapeutic range (TTR). Results: The dose at time of first therapeutic aPTT was bivalirudin 0.05 [0.05-0.1] mg/kg/hour. Bivalirudin dosing requirements were lower in VAECMO compared to VV-ECMO patients and were not impacted by continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Time to therapeutic aPTT was 5.5 [2-13] hours for VA-ECMO and 4.5 [2-8.6] hours for VV-ECMO patients. During any mode of ECMO TTR was 58.3% [39.6-73.1]. Thrombotic events occurred in 3 (13%) patients and major bleeding occurred in 12 (50%) patients. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated variable bivalirudin dosing requirements based on mode of ECMO and dosing modifications may not be required during CVVH. Factors including mode of ECMO, indication for bivalirudin and concomitant antiplatelet therapy may impact hematologic events. Application of this data can assist with developing a bivalirudin ECMO protocol which provides less variability in initial dosing and TTR.
Social work, solidarity economy and decent work
Authors: López Peláez Antonio , Erro-Garcés Amaya , Aramendia-Muneta María Elena , Ramírez Navarro José Manuel
Published: July 2023

Eradicating poverty is a fundamental objective of social work, both at local and at global levels. After COVID-19, the United Nations Commission for Social Development and Sustainable Development Goals, the global agenda developed by the International Association of Schools of Social Work, the International Council on Social Welfare and the International Federation of Social Workers have placed the fight against poverty and the role of decent work at the forefront of the public agenda. We analyse most recent publications on decent work, highlighting two strategies to promote poverty eradication from social work: participation and education.
Phonological Well-Formedness Constraints in Mandarin Phonotactics: Evidence From Lexical Decision
Authors: Gong Shuxiao , Zhang Jie , Fiorentino Robert
Published: July 2023

This article investigates the role of phonological well-formedness constraints in Mandarin speakers’ phonotactic grammar and how they affect online speech processing. Mandarin non-words can be categorized into systematic gaps and accidental gaps, depending on whether they violate principled phonotactic constraints based on the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP). Non-word acceptability judgment experiments have shown that systematic gaps received lower wordlikeness ratings than accidental gaps. Using a lexical decision task, this study found that systematic gaps were rejected significantly faster than accidental gaps, even after lexical statistics were taken into account. These findings thus provide converging evidence for the essential status of the OCP-based phonotactic constraints in Mandarin speakers’ phonological knowledge.
A modular fault diagnosis method for rolling bearing based on mask kernel and multi-head self-attention mechanism
Authors: Li Sifan , Xu Yanhe , Jiang Wei , Zhao Kunjie , Liu Wei
Published: July 2023

Data-driven methods have been applied in fault diagnosis. However, in practical engineering, workers are more concerned with the real-time health status of bearings. And it is difficult to complete the effective training of diagnostic models with insufficient labeled fault data. Therefore, this paper proposes a modular method based on a mask kernel and multi-head self-attention mechanism for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. First, the proposed method divides the diagnosis into two modules of status detection and fault recognition. The approach of sharing one backbone for both modules simplifies the optimization process. The method combines the translation invariance of the convolution kernel and the mask attention mechanism of the transformer by computing the local self-attention and superimposing the partial local attention by the mask to ensure the integrity of the information. Finally, a zero-shot training method is proposed to embed the query into the model to achieve cross-distribution fault diagnosis of bearings. The experiments on the data sets of Case Western Reserve University and machinery fault simulator are implemented to diagnose the bearings. The results show that the proposed method can obtain higher diagnostic accuracy and computational efficiency than the existing methods and can be valid for scenarios with cross-condition diagnosis or imbalanced samples.
Revisiting the scope and suggesting novel domains of institutional theory in the public administration research
Authors: Aksom Herman , Vakulenko Veronika
Published: July 2023

In this conceptual paper, we aim to revisit key research themes in contemporary organizational institutionalism and by doing this, redirect attention of scholars in public administration towards the most promising domains of application of institutional theory. We propose to shift attention from enabling and power-induced framing of institutional theory towards understanding it as a theory that helps recognize and analyse institutional pressures, constraints and inertia that influence administrative reforms and other organizational change attempts in public organizations. We sharpen the focus of institutional theory, specify the boundaries of institutional explanations by analysing questions that lie beyond institutional theory domain of application and suggest most promising research directions. Thus, we warn against unnecessary inflation of the scope of a theoretical apparatus and “explaining” how actors create, change and disrupt institutions and propose how institutional theory can be applied to predict the patterns of success or failure of changes in the public sector.
A Comparison of Baseline Procedures in Task Analyses
Authors: Grauerholz-Fisher Emma , Vollmer Timothy R. , Fernand Jonathan K. , Perez Brandon C. , Amanieh Haleh , Wunderlich Kara , Peters Kerri P.
Published: July 2023

Several methods for assessing baseline performance in chained tasks have been outlined in the literature, including the fixed-opportunity probe (FOP) and the multiple-opportunity probe (MOP). Concerns have been raised regarding how each of these methods might change the baseline performance of a task, affecting the interpretation of experimental control. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a within-subject comparison of both the FOP and MOP procedures for children with autism performing daily living and self-care skills. Results indicated that, for most participants, the MOP resulted in elevated performance during baseline compared to the FOP, and that for some participants the MOP resulted in acquisition prior to direct training. Because of the possibility that the FOP might result in suppressed baseline performance, it is recommended that in most cases clinicians and researchers use the MOP when assessing baseline performance in chained tasks in order to obtain the most accurate data.
Improving Romantic Relationship Functioning Among Young Men With First-Episode Psychosis: Impact of a Novel Group Intervention
Authors: Cloutier Briana , Lecomte Tania , Diotte Felix , Lamontagne Justin , Abdel-Baki Amal , Daneault Jean-Gabriel , Gélineau Rabbath Marie Eve , de Connor Alexandre , Perrine Cécile
Published: July 2023

Previous research has highlighted many of the challenges faced by individuals with psychosis in romantic relationships. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a novel group intervention for men with first-episode psychosis (FEP) on dating success, romantic and sexual functioning, self-esteem, self-stigma, mentalizing skills, and symptomatology, while using a repeated single-case experimental design and comparing results across two treatment modalities (i.e., in-person or online). Twenty-seven participants from five treatment sites completed a 12-week group intervention. Qualitative data was also collected to assess participants’ subjective experiences with the program. In both modalities, significant improvements were observed for romantic functioning, mentalizing skills, and symptomatology, with effect sizes ranging from small to large. Several participants also attended more dates and entered committed relationships after the intervention. Most participants were satisfied with the program and many felt that they had learned new skills and gained confidence in dating. Future research should replicate these findings in larger and more inclusive samples.
Board Members’ Outside Directorships and the Demand for Audit Quality: Large Sample Evidence From Private Firms
Authors: Alexeyeva Irina
Published: July 2023

Board members with multiple directorships develop reputational capital as decision experts. Prior studies based on public firms suggest that such directors would use higher quality auditors to improve the quality of financial reporting and, thereby, protect their reputational capital. This study is the first large-scale study that investigates whether multiple directorships influence auditor choice in the setting of private firms. The result indicates a significant positive association between the proportion of board members with outside directorships and audit quality. Furthermore, it shows that the propensity to hire a higher quality auditor is significantly influenced by directors’ network. Finally, the results indicate that the incentives to invest in higher quality auditors are largely influenced by the size of the companies in which board members have their outside directorships.
(In)Consistent Performance Feedback and the Locus of Search
Authors: Keil Thomas , Syrigos Evangelos , Kostopoulos Konstantinos C. , D. Meissner Felix , G. Audia Pino
Published: July 2023

Despite the prevalence and importance of multiple goals for organizations, research on how organizations respond to performance on multiple goals continues to be limited and has examined only search intensity as the focal response, ignoring that search may occur in different locations. We extend the research on multiple goals by developing and testing novel theory on the relationship between performance feedback on multiple goals and the locus of search. Drawing upon the behavioral theory of the firm and using panel data from global pharmaceutical firms, we first show that when performance is below aspirations on a primary goal, a firm's propensity to engage in distal search increases along both the technological (i.e., familiar vs. unfamiliar search) and the organizational dimension (i.e., internal vs. external search). However, building on more recent literature that points to the need to consider multiple goals of unequal importance and, specifically, the self-enhancement perspective, we argue and find that performance on a secondary goal modifies this pattern, particularly when performance on a primary goal is unsatisfactory. Under feedback inconsistency, where performance on a primary goal is low but performance on a secondary goal is high, decision-makers decrease distal search to both unfamiliar technological areas and areas external to the organization. Our theory and findings highlight the importance of performance feedback regarding multiple goals in regulating the key locus of search choices and extend research on self-enhancement and learning from performance feedback.
Combined low-carbohydrate diet and long-term exercise in hypoxia in type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial protocol to assess glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and body composition
Authors: Kindlovits Raquel , Sousa Ana C , Viana João L , Milheiro Jaime , Marques Franklim , Teixeira Vitor H
Published: July 2023

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality associated with diabetes, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Low-carbohydrate diet has gained popularity as an intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, acting to improve glycemic profile and serum lipids. In its turn, exercise in hypoxia induces specific adaptations, mostly modulated via hypoxia-induced transcription factor signaling cascade, which increases with exposure to altitude, and promotes angiogenesis, glycogen supply, glucose tolerance, and raises GLUT-4 expression. Aim: Given that hyperglycemia decreases HIF-1α and it is better controlled when following a low-carbohydrate diet, this study aims to examine the hypothesis that a combination of both low-carbohydrate diet and chronic exercise in hypoxia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with improved glycemic control and cardiovascular parameters, whose protocol is described. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( n = 48) will be recruited and randomized into one of the three groups: (a) Control group: Control diet (low-fat and moderate-carbohydrate diet) + exercise in normoxia; (2) exercise in hypoxia group: Control diet + exercise in hypoxia; (3) intervention group: Low-carbohydrate diet (low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet) + exercise in hypoxia. Before and after 8 weeks of interventions, cardiopulmonary tests (Bruce protocol), body composition and blood pressure will be evaluated. Blood samples will be collected to measure hypoxia-induced transcription factor, C-reactive protein, glycemic and lipid profiles. Summary: This will be the first trial to examine the isolated and combined effect of chronic exercise in hypoxia and low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This trial will help to fill a significant research gap, guide future research and contribute to the combined nutrition and exercise approach to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effectiveness of virtual reality interventions of the upper limb in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Burin-Chu Simone , Baillet Héloïse , Leconte Pascale , Lejeune Laure , Thouvarecq Régis , Benguigui Nicolas
Published: July 2023

Objective

To examine the characteristics and the effectiveness of virtual reality systems on upper limb impairments in children and young adults with cerebral palsy.

Data sources

An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, Central, and EMBASE.

Methods

The protocol of this review was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022302271). Randomized controlled trials that tested the effects of virtual reality-based interventions on the upper limb of participants with cerebral palsy were included. The methodological quality of the studies was measured by the PEDro scale. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. The data of the studies were analyzed in meta-analysis and presented in forest plots and narrative synthesis.

Results

Twenty-two studies involving 746 participants were included. Ten different virtual reality systems were used in the interventions, of which six were designed specifically for rehabilitation and four commercial video games. We found an effect in favor of virtual reality when it was used in combination with conventional therapy for upper limb activity (SMD = 0.65; 95% CI (0.19 to 1.11)). However, the certainty of the evidence of the comparisons ranged from very low to low.

Conclusion

Virtual reality seems to be an effective tool for upper limb activity in children and young adults with cerebral palsy. Nevertheless, future studies should present a better methodological quality, a larger sample size, and well-defined rehabilitation programs to reduce the inconsistency of the evidence in this domain.
Teaching embedded control system design of electromechanical devices using a lab-scale smart farming system
Authors: Mistry Himali , Laila Dina Shona , Foo Mathias
Published: July 2023

This article presents the design and monitoring of a lab-scale smart farming system through the integration of control and app designs that can be used for teaching embedded control application to electromechanical systems. A combination of sensors and actuators is used to develop an Arduino-based embedded feedback control system that could be implemented in a smart farming environment. Specifically, we look at controlling electromechanical devices to actuate the fan and water pump to provide the optimal temperature and moisture, respectively, to enhance plant growth in a smart farming setting. The effectiveness of the feedback control is tested by conducting a plant growth experiment. Using garden cress ( Lepidium sativum) as a case study, the plant grown in the controlled temperature and moisture settings shows substantially healthier growth compared to the one grown in the non-controlled environment. In addition, an app is designed and developed to transform the Arduino data stream from the sensors into valuable insights that could help the users to monitor and improve the overall crop health. The developed system in this paper enables students to learn integral skills from interdisciplinary engineering fields (e.g. systems, control, mechanical and computer) to solve an agricultural problem.
Preferential Optimization of Multi-Hop Dynamic Ridesharing Based on R-Trees and Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Fèvre Corwin , Zgaya-Biau Hayfa , Mathieu Philippe , Hammadi Slim
Published: July 2023

For several years, we have been witnessing an increase in pollution and traffic jams in large cities. Research has therefore focused on the development of new, greener, and more flexible means of transport to complement the existing static transport offer. These means of transport are intended to be shared and dynamic to attract more people. One of these promising means of transportation is dynamic multi-hop ridesharing which makes it possible to route a rider through several drivers for a more flexible ridesharing offer. While the majority of papers on this topic deal with the global optimality of the system, we are interested in a preferential optimization for each individual in the system. In this context, this paper addresses an innovative solution to the on-demand multi-hop dynamic ridesharing problem where each actor (driver or rider) is represented by an autonomous and interactive entity called an “agent.” This ridesharing system is, therefore, a multi-agent system (MAS) in which each agent has a limited rationality. This MAS permits us to define the communications, perceptions, and preferences of drivers and riders. We detail a preference-weighted objective function for riders that allows the simulation of a wide range of behaviors. We propose the use of R-trees to optimize the computational cost of identifying candidate drivers and the best associated transfer nodes. We present various simulation scenarios by varying user preferences and instance parameters. Our experiments show that our model can efficiently simulate real-world behaviors and is able to optimize ridesharing on a case-by-case basis.
Major Increase in Incidence of Pediatric ACL Reconstructions From 2005 to 2021: A Study From the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register
Authors: Kooy Caroline E. v. W. , Jakobsen Rune B. , Fenstad Anne M. , Persson Andreas , Visnes Håvard , Engebretsen Lars , Ekås Guri R.
Published: July 2023

Background:

The incidence of pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is increasing in several countries. It is uncertain whether this trend applies to countries that traditionally prefer an initial nonoperative treatment approach whenever possible, like Norway. Nationwide, long-term patient-reported outcomes and revision rates after ACLR in the pediatric population are also lacking.

Purpose:

To determine the incidence of pediatric ACLR in Norway since 2005, as well as to detect trends in surgical details and describe patient-reported outcomes up to 10 years after ACLR.

Study Design:

Descriptive cohort study.

Methods:

This study is based on prospectively collected data on girls ≤14 years and boys ≤16 years, registered in the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register at the time of their primary ACLR, between 2005 and 2021. The main outcome was the incidence of ACLR, adjusted to the corresponding population numbers for each year. The time trend was analyzed by comparing the mean of the first and last 3-year period (2005-2007 and 2019-2021). Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score preoperatively and at 2, 5, and 10 years postoperatively.

Results:

A total of 1476 patients (1484 cases) were included, with a mean follow-up of 8.1 years (range, 1-17). The incidence of pediatric ACLRs per 100,000 population increased from 18 to 26, which corresponds to an increase of 40% for boys and 55% for girls. Concurrent meniscal procedures increased significantly from 45% to 62%, and the proportion of meniscal repairs increased from 19% to 43% when comparing the first and last time period. The mean Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score values for the Sport and Recreation and Quality of Life subscales were between 72 and 75 at the 2-, 5- and 10-year follow-up. The 5-year revision rate was 9.9%.

Conclusion:

There was a major increase in incidence of pediatric ACLR in Norway during the study period. There was a shift in the approach to concomitant meniscal procedures from resection to repair, with more than a doubling of the proportion of meniscal repairs. Patient-reported outcomes revealed long-lasting reduced knee function.
Incarcerated in a Pandemic: How COVID-19 Exacerbated the “Pains of Imprisonment”
Authors: Craig Miltonette Olivia , Kim Mijin , Beichner-Thomas Dawn
Published: July 2023

Although the exact toll of COVID-19 in U.S. prisons and jails is relatively undetermined, estimates show that deaths due to the virus in the nation's correctional facilities are approximately six times higher than deaths in the general population. During the pandemic, jail and prison structures as well as significant overcrowding made it virtually impossible to institute protective measures against infection in correctional settings. Jail and prison administrators suspended in-person visitation, leaving those incarcerated even further isolated, and their friends and family in fear for the health and safety of their loved ones. The present study examines narratives of individuals who spoke about their experiences while incarcerated during the pandemic. The data for the study were gathered from prison reform advocacy organizations that featured individuals’ stories. The narrative findings provide insight into the traumatic experiences that incarcerated people endured, how institutional failures exacerbated their mistrust of the criminal legal system, and their efforts to cope.
Temporal Evolution of Signal Alterations in the Deep Gray Nuclei in term Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Arulnathan Ebinesh , Manchanda Alpana , Dixit Rashmi , Kumar Ajay
Published: July 2023

The deep gray nuclei are paired interconnected gray nuclei comprising the basal ganglia and thalami. Injury to the deep gray nuclei secondary to hypoxic-ischemic injury is associated with poor short- and long-term clinical outcomes. The signal changes following hypoxic-ischemic injury are dynamic and evolve over a period of time from injury to resolution. Radiologically relevant events following hypoxic-ischemic injury include the onset of anaerobic metabolism immediately following hypoxic-ischemic injury, increase in cytotoxic edema followed by its resolution, and the onset and progression of neuronal necrosis and gliosis. Appearance of lactate peak on proton spectroscopy is the initial radiologic evidence of hypoxic-ischemic injury. Diffusion-weighted imaging has the highest prognostic value and pseudo-normalizes following 1 week of hypoxic-ischemic injury. Recommended timing for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is between 4 and 7 days. MR imaging performed between 1 and 6 months underestimates the extent of injury because radiologic changes are subtle. This review provides a detailed timeline of radiologic abnormalities in the deep gray nuclei following hypoxic-ischemic injury.
Compassionate Capitalism: Understanding the Juxtaposition of Personal Gain and Concern for Others
Authors: Finnell Kelly O. , Coyne Molly E.
Published: July 2023

This article explores the concept of Compassionate Capitalism, which involves creating sustainable business models benefiting society and employees. Through Compassionate Capitalism, business owners can build trust with their customers and stakeholders, and in turn, enhance their long-term profitability through the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) structure. The article also discusses the historical perspectives on Capitalism and articulates how Capitalism can coexist with compassion. It highlights the ESOP as a present-day example of Compassionate Capitalism, where employees are given a financial stake in the company for which they are employed. ESOPs redistribute ownership to the workforce and create a unique form of Capitalism that continues a successful company’s tradition. The ESOP benefits the younger members of a company, enhances retirement security, and creates a sense of ownership among employees. The article explains how employee ownership can align the interests of workers with those of management, creating a more collaborative, equitable workplace, contributing to greater overall economic growth. This article includes a case study examining a defense contractor's decision to become an employee-owned company through an ESOP transaction in 2010. The ESOP consulting firm, Executive Financial Services (EFS), provided a feasibility analysis and implementation for the transaction. Over the next decade, the company grew rapidly and eventually sold for $1.6 billion in 2020, creating hundreds of millionaires among the ESOP participants. This decision exemplifies the Compassionate Capitalism model, where the owners chose to honor and support the employees who helped build the company, creating generational wealth opportunities for myriad families. The decision to become an employee-owned company through an ESOP transaction shows that Capitalism and compassion can be compatible.
What Biological Stories are Americans Telling About the Egg and the Sperm? A Study Inspired by Emily Martin 30 Years Later
Authors: Almeling Rene
Published: July 2023

Emily Martin’s landmark article— “The Egg and the Sperm” —demonstrated that cultural beliefs about masculinity and femininity led scientists to construct a “fairy tale” romance between active sperm and passive eggs, a biological metaphor that influenced the process of research in scientific labs and descriptions of fertilization in textbooks. In the decades since, there have been significant shifts in cultural beliefs about sex, gender, and sexuality, including challenges to the conceptualization of sex as a binary category, growing social acceptance of a wide variety of gender identities and sexualities, and an increasing proportion of people who subscribe to gender-egalitarian views. While Martin’s focus was on the scientists producing knowledge, here I pivot to individuals recruited from the general public in a northeastern American city, using a sociology of culture approach to ask whether shifting beliefs about gender and sexuality are associated with different biological metaphors about fertilization. Through qualitative interviews (N = 47), I find that the traditional metaphor of active sperm penetrating passive egg is still commonly used, but that another metaphor is also circulating, one that positions gametes as more similar than different, as two halves of a whole. I conclude by discussing the implications for debates about the relationship between biological stories and social beliefs.
A bibliometric review of research on academic engagement, 1978–2021
Authors: Pham Hiep-Hung , Ta Thuy Ngoc , Luong Dinh-Hai , Nguyen Thanh Trong , Vu Huyen Minh
Published: July 2023

For centuries, the collaboration between higher education and industry (or academic engagement) has become an exciting topic for all related stakeholders, such as researchers, policymakers, or entrepreneurs. Nonetheless, there has yet to be any comprehensive understanding of the extant literature on this topic. Motivated by this gap, this study applies the bibliometric method to review all related documents of academic engagement indexed in the Scopus database between 1978 and 2021. The results showed that the period from 2018 to 2021 identified itself as a golden era with the palpable attention of scholars who contributed to approximately 80% of the related topic. The countries ranked in the top five with dominant publications include the US, the UK, Spain, Italy and Germany. The co-word analysis also recognized technology transfer, research and development, and entrepreneurial university and university-industry relations as the key topics focused on academic engagement works of literature.
Zero-sum differential game guidance law for missile interception engagement via neuro-dynamic programming
Authors: Xi A-xing , Cai Yuan-li , Deng Yi-fan , Jiang Hao-nan
Published: July 2023

In this paper, for solving the nonlinear control problem of the missile intercepting the maneuvering target, a novel nonlinear zero-sum differential game guidance law is proposed via the neuro-dynamic programming approach. First, the continuous-time nonlinear differential game problem is transformed into solving the nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation. Then, a critic neural network is designed to solve the corresponding nonlinear HJI equation. An adaptive weight tuning law for the critic weights is proposed, where an additional term is added to ensure the stability of the closed-loop nonlinear system. Furthermore, the uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system and the critic NN weights estimation error are proved with the Lyapunov approach. Finally, some simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed differential game guidance law for nonlinear interception.
Hidden consequences: Uncovering belimumab’s role in the development of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a lupus patient
Authors: Ng Maria , Mackay Meggan , Gautam-Goyal Pranisha , Goyal Sameer , Vikraman Praveen Kumar
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungal organism that can cause fatal pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. It is a disease associated with CD4+ T cell depletion or high-dose steroids. However, there is increasing evidence that B cell dysfunction may also play a role in this illness.

Case Report

A 33-year-old female with SLE, who was maintained on belimumab and low-dose prednisone (2.5 mg daily), presented with progressive cough and shortness of breath. She had been on monthly belimumab and prednisone 2.5 mg daily for 19 months, and her CD4 count was >200/uL, but her CD19+ B cell was <1% due to the belimumab. She developed a persistent cough and progressive dyspnea that did not respond to empiric antibiotic therapy for pneumonia. She went to the hospital for acute worsening of her dyspnea and cough. An extensive workup was performed, including a VATS procedure and surgical biopsy, which gave a definitive diagnosis of PJP. The patient was treated and discharged on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. She made a complete recovery.

Discussion

Our report demonstrates the first confirmed case of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a patient with B cell depletion due to chronic maintenance therapy with belimumab. Our patient’s diagnosis of PJP was unexpected, given her normal CD4+ count and the use of such a low dose of prednisone. We attribute her susceptibility to PJP infection to her profound B cell depletion in response to her belimumab therapy, supporting previous research indicating the importance of CD4+ T cells and B cells in the protective immune response against PJP. This case may help shape future clinical guidelines concerning PJP prophylaxis, particularly in SLE patients with deficient B lymphocytic activity and B cell depletion.
Cultural backstages as urban creative ecologies: The case of Glasgow
Authors: Karimnia Elahe , Kostourou Fani
Published: July 2023

Amid growing interest in the creative industries and their influence on urban planning and regeneration strategies, this article revisits cultural backstages and their underlying infrastructural conditions. By cultural backstages, we mean those urban production sites which accommodate small-scale, independent and often invisible cultural producers and businesses who operate from the margins of the creative sector in cities. This study approaches backstages as urban creative ecologies because a complex set of relationships and interactions exists between the physical spaces, the individuals, their activities and the resources required for cultural production in cities. It also argues that these relationships are defined by four infrastructural conditions: (a) financial models, (b) social networks, (c) public interfaces and (d) the adaptive capacity of their spaces and organisations. Based on a fieldwork-led comparative analysis, the research examines the ecologies of four production sites in the Barras area of Glasgow’s East End and analyses how their fourfold infrastructural conditions are constantly negotiated between top-down strategies and bottom-up initiatives. It concludes that while the relationships, interactions and infrastructures within these ecologies differ, they still share common ground: they operate in close proximity to each other and rely heavily on localised yet collective forms of support. Together, they form a wider ecology at the neighbourhood scale and they add cultural and social value to its function. This article concludes that cultural policies and urban planning strategies need to consider the complexity and dynamic nature of these ecologies and design recommendations ought to prioritise these fourfold infrastructural conditions to safeguard diversity in the public culture of cities.
Neuroscience Engagement and Outreach on Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Report from India
Authors: Bhatia Divya
Published: July 2023

The current project was funded by the Global Engagement Seed Grant from the International Brain Research Organisation (IBRO) as part of the IBRO-led Global Engagement Initiative. The project was focused on public awareness about neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) as well as neuroscience engagement. Thus, the project had two specific aims: (a) public awareness about epidemiology, diagnosis, risk factors, prevention of NDDs and relevant government guidelines and available policies (b) public engagement in neuroscience. Therefore, the current project report with an emphasis on the requirement of neuroscience engagement and outreach at the societal level, highlights several activities such as population-based workshops and webinars, carried out as part of the project in both rural and urban areas to enhance the public engagement in neuroscience and awareness on several NDDs.

Key message

India is an extremely diverse country with significant variations in cultural, educational, financial, socioeconomic status and linguistic aspects. With about 27% of its population living below the poverty line, India accounts for about 23 million children suffering from a disability, most of whom do not seek medical help. These data highlight the gravity of the situation which calls for urgent actions from governments, healthcare professionals, researchers and policymakers to design adequate public awareness programs regarding several prevalent NDDs. Therefore, the current project was an effort to bring public awareness about brain health and the epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention of NDDs and relevant government guidelines and available policies.
Does the Salience of Partisan Competition Increase Affective Polarization in the United States?
Authors: Singh Shane P. , Thornton Judd R.
Published: July 2023

We examine if increased salience of partisan competition causes affective polarization in the United States during presidential elections. To do so, we leverage the random and quasi-random timing of survey interviews conducted during election campaigns. We conduct three separate studies. In Study 1, we utilize the 2008 National Annenberg Election Survey (NAES), in which random survey interview timing allows for a credible causal estimate of salience on affective polarization. In Study 2, we employ American National Election Studies (ANES) data from 1980 to 2016, again leveraging survey timing to assess the effect of salience on affective polarization. In Study 3, we examine changes in affective polarization as a result of increasingly salient partisan competition using NAES and ANES panel data from 1980 to 2008. Across the three studies we identify a meaningful increase in affective polarization toward candidates, but not toward parties, as a result of heightened partisan competition.