bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning Approach for MRI in the Diagnosis of Labral Injuries of the Hip Joint
Authors: Ni Ming , Wen Xiaoyi , Chen Wen , Zhao Yuqing , Yuan Yuan , Zeng Piaoe , Wang Qizheng , Wang Yong , Yuan Huishu
Published: January 2022

Background

The diagnosis of labral injury on MRI is time‐consuming and potential for incorrect diagnoses.

Purpose

To explore the feasibility of applying deep learning to diagnose and classify labral injuries with MRI.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 1016 patients were divided into normal (n = 168, class 0) and abnormal labrum (n = 848) groups. The abnormal group consisted of n = 111 with class 1 (degeneration), n = 437 with class 2 (partial or complete tear), and n = 300 with unclassified injury. Patients were randomly divided into training, validation, and test cohort according to the ratio of 55%:15%:30%.

Field Strength/Sequence

Fat‐saturation proton density‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequence at 3.0 T.

Assessment

Convolutional neural network‐6 (CNN‐6) was used to extract, discriminate, and detect oblique coronal (OCOR) and oblique sagittal (OSAG) images. Mask R‐CNN was used for segmentation. LeNet‐5 was used to diagnose and classify labral injuries. The weighting method combined the models of OCOR and OSAG. The output–input connection was used to correlate the whole diagnosis/classification system. Four radiologists performed subjective diagnoses to obtain the diagnosis results.

Statistical Tests

CNN‐6 and LeNet‐5 were evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and related parameters. The mean average precision (MAP) evaluated the Mask R‐CNN. McNemar's test was used to compare the radiologists and models. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The area under the curve (AUC) of CNN‐6 was 0.99 for extraction, discrimination, and detection. MAP values of Mask R‐CNN for OCOR and OSAG image segmentation were 0.96 and 0.99. The accuracies of LeNet‐5 in the diagnosis and classification were 0.94/0.94 (OCOR) and 0.92/0.91 (OSAG), respectively. The accuracy of the weighted models in the diagnosis and classification were 0.94 and 0.97, respectively. The accuracies of radiologists in the diagnosis and classification of labrum injuries ranged from 0.85 to 0.92 and 0.78 to 0.94, respectively.

Data Conclusion

Deep learning can assist radiologists in diagnosing and classifying labrum injuries.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Brilacidin, a COVID‐19 drug candidate, demonstrates broad‐spectrum antiviral activity against human coronaviruses OC43, 229E, and NL63 through targeting both the virus and the host cell
Authors: Hu Yanmei , Jo Hyunil , DeGrado William F. , Wang Jun
Published: January 2022

Brilacidin, a mimetic of host defense peptides (HDPs), is currently in Phase 2 clinical trial as an antibiotic drug candidate. A recent study reported that brilacidin has antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) by inactivating the virus. In this study, we discovered an additional mechanism of action of brilacidin by targeting heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the host cell surface. Brilacidin, but not acetyl brilacidin, inhibits the entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus into multiple cell lines, and heparin, an HSPG mimetic, abolishes the inhibitory activity of brilacidin on SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus cell entry. In addition, we found that brilacidin has broad‐spectrum antiviral activity against multiple human coronaviruses (HCoVs) including HCoV‐229E, HCoV‐OC43, and HCoV‐NL63. Mechanistic studies revealed that brilacidin has a dual antiviral mechanism of action including virucidal activity and binding to coronavirus attachment factor HSPGs on the host cell surface. Brilacidin partially loses its antiviral activity when heparin was included in the cell cultures, supporting the host‐targeting mechanism. Drug combination therapy showed that brilacidin has a strong synergistic effect with remdesivir against HCoV‐OC43 in cell culture. Taken together, this study provides appealing findings for the translational potential of brilacidin as a broad‐spectrum antiviral for coronaviruses including SARS‐CoV‐2.
Recent advances and clinical application in point‐of‐care testing of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ye Qing , Lu Dezhao , Zhang Ting , Mao Jianhua , Shang Shiqiang
Published: January 2022

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 spread rapidly worldwide, posing a severe threat to public life and health. It is significant to realize rapid testing and timely control of epidemic situations under the condition of limited resources. However, laboratory‐based standardized nucleic acid detection methods have a long turnaround time and high cost, so it is urgent to develop convenient methods for detecting COVID‐19. This paper summarizes the point‐of‐care testing (POCT) developed for novel coronavirus from three aspects: nucleic acid extraction, nucleic acid amplification, and detection methods. This paper introduces a commercial real‐time detection system that integrates the abovementioned three steps and the matters needing attention in use. The primary purpose of this review is to provide a reference for emergency response and rapid deployment of COVID‐19 and some other emerging infectious diseases.
A comprehensive study of celastrol metabolism in vivo and in vitro using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐wei , Chen Yu‐ting , Feng Xue , Li Lu‐ya , Song Ke‐wei , Sun Yu‐peng , Zhang Guo‐hua , Zhang Lan‐tong
Published: January 2022

Celastrol has attracted great attention owing to its anti‐arthritis, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Nevertheless, its metabolism in vivo (rats) and in vitro (rat liver microsomes and intestinal flora) has not been comprehensively characterized. In this study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used as a rapid and sensitive approach for studying the metabolism of celastrol in vivo and in vitro. A total of 43 metabolites were identified and characterized. These include 26 metabolites in vivo, and 28 metabolites in vitro (nine metabolites in rat liver microsomes and 24 metabolites in rat intestinal flora). Additionally, the celastrol‐biotransformation capacity of the intestinal tract was confirmed to exceed that of the liver. Furthermore, the metabolic profile of celastrol is summarised. The information obtained from this study may provide a basis for understanding the pharmacological mechanisms of celastrol and will be beneficial for clinical applications.
Anti‐friction and self‐repairing abilities of ultrafine serpentine, attapulgite and kaolin in oil for the cylinder liner‐piston ring tribo‐systems
Authors: Rao Xiang , Sheng Chenxing , Guo Zhiwei , Zhang Xuecheng , Yin Huabing , Xu Chang , Yuan Chengqing
Published: January 2022

The performances of diesel cylinder liner‐piston ring (CLPR) that works under harsh conditions are very important and affect the service life, reliability and economy of engines. This study aimed to gain insights into the anti‐friction and self‐repairing properties of lubricating oil with different silicate‐based additives for marine diesel CLPR, and expect to find the types and concentrations of additives that are most appropriate for CLPR. Three kinds of silicates, including ultrafine serpentine, attapulgite and kaolin powders, were prepared and modified, and added to the lubricants with different concentrations. The tribological behaviours and worn surface features of the friction pairs were investigated after friction tests. Compared with original oil, it is found that all additives process anti‐friction and self‐repairing properties at appropriate concentration, and the ultrafine attapulgite powders additive presents the best performance. These findings will aid in understanding the anti‐friction and self‐repairing abilities of silicate‐based additives to diesel CLPR, as well as its potential application to solve the wear failures of CLPR online.
Tribological properties of a helical gear pair considering interfacial slip between lubricant and tooth surface
Authors: Liu Mingyong , Deng Enxi , Zhou Hongyu , Qi Dezhong , Qu Yang
Published: January 2022

In this study, an interfacial slip model including the limiting shear stress is proposed and applied to the thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysis of a helical gear pair. The main difference between the proposed model and the classical EHL model is that, the term of entrainment velocity in Reynolds equation is modified. The influences of interfacial slip, thermal effect, initial limiting shear stress and operating conditions on the tribological properties are evaluated. Due to the interfacial slip, the pressure distribution moves towards the inlet region, and the fluctuation distributions of entrainment velocity and film thickness are similar to the trigonometric function. The influence of thermal effect on interfacial slip cannot be ignored, especially in the case of high speed and heavy load. As the input torque and input rotational speed increase, the interfacial slip gradually extends to the whole meshing process.
Simulation analysis of a lidar performance for atmospheric temperature profile measurements based on the Fizeau interferometer and multichannel photomultiplier tube
Authors: Lin Xuefei , Bu Lingbing , Liang Kun , Wang Yuanqing , Xu Jiaqi , Mustafa Farhan , Zong Lian , Zhao Yanpeng , Berhane Samuel A.
Published: January 2022

In this study, a lidar system based on the Fizeau interferometer and photomultiplier tube array is designed to analyze the entire Rayleigh‐Brillouin spectrum aiming at obtaining the atmospheric temperature profiles. The laser wavelength emitted by the lidar is 355 nm with the pulse energy of 20 mJ, and the diameter of the receiving telescope is 0.6 m. We analyze the influence of the cumulative average of different pulse numbers on the accuracy of temperature inversion. The temperature inversion results in different height ranges are calculated and the results show that if the integration time is 100 s, the temperature deviation is less than 3 K in the altitude range below 24 km.
Jointly estimating parametric maps of multiple diffusion models from undersampled q‐space data: A comparison of three deep learning approaches
Authors: HashemizadehKolowri SeyyedKazem , Chen Rong‐Rong , Adluru Ganesh , DiBella Edward V. R.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

While advanced diffusion techniques have been found valuable in many studies, their clinical availability has been hampered partly due to their long scan times. Moreover, each diffusion technique can only extract a few relevant microstructural features. Using multiple diffusion methods may help to better understand the brain microstructure, which requires multiple expensive model fittings. In this work, we compare deep learning (DL) approaches to jointly estimate parametric maps of multiple diffusion representations/models from highly undersampled q‐space data.

Methods

We implement three DL approaches to jointly estimate parametric maps of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and multi‐compartment spherical mean technique (SMT). A per‐voxel q‐space deep learning (1D‐qDL), a per‐slice convolutional neural network (2D‐CNN), and a 3D‐patch‐based microstructure estimation with sparse coding using a separable dictionary (MESC‐SD) network are considered.

Results

The accuracy of estimated diffusion maps depends on the q‐space undersampling, the selected network architecture, and the region and the parameter of interest. The smallest errors are observed for the MESC‐SD network architecture (less than 10 normalized RMSE in most brain regions).

Conclusion

Our experiments show that DL methods are very efficient tools to simultaneously estimate several diffusion maps from undersampled q‐space data. These methods can significantly reduce both the scan (6‐fold) and processing times (25‐fold) for estimating advanced parametric diffusion maps while achieving a reasonable accuracy.
Status and Management of the Blue Crab Fishery in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Perry Harriet M. , Anderson John , Collins Lillian
Published: January 2022

Management of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus fishery in the Gulf of Mexico is the responsibility of the individual states under the purview of a regional management plan. States generally follow the “2-S” system of management, placing emphasis on size and sex. Despite management policies, harvest and juvenile abundances remain in decline. A significant trend toward decreasing harvest began in the early 2000s, with landings below average in 13 of the 20 years from 2000 to 2019. Since 2010, the fishery has maintained a lower but relatively stable harvest. There have been significant decreases in numbers of late-stage juveniles in fishery-independent trawl surveys, while numbers of megalopae and early juveniles have not exhibited declines. Postsettlement mortality is potentially driven by climate-related hydrological processes that structure the biotic community (predator guild) and nearshore habitats. Diversity of predators, few predation-free refuges, and a lack of seasonality in predation likely contribute to high regional mortality. Factors that influence quality and quantity of available refuge may ultimately control abundance. Although genetics data describe the population as panmictic, geographic differences in coastal climate and hydrological processes may act to structure populations. Separation of stocks according to ecozones may provide a more suitable approach to population delineation. The 2011 stock assessment divided the population into eastern and western regions based on confounding information on genetics, physiographic features that limit larval transport, variations in climate, and migration of female crabs along the west coast of Florida. There is concern that the population is undergoing Gulf of Mexico-wide changes in biomass associated with regional climate regime shifts that may alter the resiliency of the stock. Whether the shift to a more favorable climate phase would reverse the declining trends is unknown. Changes in population levels could be rapid given the high juvenile mortality and short generation time as well as the importance of climate in structuring habitat.
Gut permeability and its clinical relevance in schizophrenia
Authors: Ishida Ikki , Ogura Jun , Aizawa Emiko , Ota Miho , Hidese Shinsuke , Yomogida Yukihito , Matsuo Junko , Yoshida Sumiko , Kunugi Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Aim

We aimed to examine the gut permeability in patients with schizophrenia and its relevance to schizophrenia symptoms, medication, cognitive functions, and blood immune markers.

Methods

We selected 22 patients with schizophrenia (mean age: 37.9 ± 10.5 years) comprising 9 men and 13 women. Furthermore, we included 86 healthy controls (mean age: 43.5 ± 11.0 years) comprising 41 men and 45 women. All participants were biologically unrelated and of Japanese descent. We used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) to measure the severity of schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive functions, respectively. The lactulose‐mannitol loading test was used to measure the permeability of the small intestine. Furthermore, we used the lactulose to mannitol ratio (LMR) as an index of gut permeability. We measured the C‐reactive protein and natural killer (NK) cell activity in the blood as highly sensitive immune markers.

Results

The patients had a significantly higher rate of “leaky gut” (defined as LMR ≥ 0.1) compared to the control group (22.7% vs. 5.8%, odds ratio: 4.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.2‐18.3], Fisher's exact test, P = 0.03). There was no significant correlation between the LMR and PANSS scores or in the daily antipsychotic dose. In addition, the LMR was negatively correlated with the total Z‐score of the BACS and NK cell activity in the patients.

Conclusions

Our results suggest a higher rate of abnormally increased gut permeability in patients with schizophrenia than in controls. Moreover, gut permeability may be related to the cognitive and cellular immunity function of patients with schizophrenia.
Engaging primary care patients with existing online tools for weight loss: A pilot trial
Authors: McVay Megan A. , Cooper Kellie B. , Donahue Marissa L. , Seoane Montserrat Carrera , Shah Nipa R. , Webb Fern , Perri Michael , Jake‐Schoffman Danielle E.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Free online tools show potential for promoting weight loss at a low cost, but there is limited evidence about how to effectively engage patients with them. To address this, a low‐dose, flexible intervention was developed that aims to enhance weight‐related discussions with primary care providers (PCPs) and engage patients with an organic (i.e., not researcher‐created) weight loss‐focused social media community and online self‐monitoring tool. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention was evaluated in a single‐arm, 12‐week pilot.

Methods

PCPs were recruited at two clinics, then PCP's patients with upcoming appointments were identified and recruited. Patients received an interactive online kickoff before their scheduled primary care appointment, then 8 follow‐up messages over 12 weeks via email or their electronic health record patient portal. Patients completed assessments at baseline, post‐appointment, and week 12. Primary care providers and patients completed semi‐structured interviews.

Results

All PCPs approached enrolled (n = 6); patient recruitment was on track to meet the study goal prior to COVID‐19 restrictions, and n = 27 patients enrolled. Patient satisfaction with the pre‐appointment kickoff was high. Twenty‐four patients reported discussing weight‐related topics at their primary care appointment and all were satisfied with the discussion. Twenty‐two patients completed 12‐week assessments. Of these, 15 reported engaging with the self‐monitoring tool and 9 with the social media community. Patient interviews revealed reasons for low social media community engagement, including perceived lack of fit. On average, patients with available data (n = 21) lost 2.4 ± 4.1% of baseline weight, and 28.6% of these patients lost ≥3% of baseline weight. Primary care providers reported high intervention satisfaction.

Conclusions

The intervention and trial design show potential, although additional strategies are needed to promote tool engagement.
Synthesis and characterization of a polycarboxylate superplasticizer modified by sodium hypophosphite
Authors: Zhang Ming , Wang Luyan , Zhang Xiuzhi , Mi Xiangyun , Sun Fengmeng , Ding Mei , Pei Meishan
Published: January 2022

A sodium hypophosphite (SHP) modified polycarboxylatesuperplasticizer (P‐PCE) was synthesized successfully and the synthesis parameters were optimized through orthogonal experiment. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 31P magic spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (31P MAS NMR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis measurements were used to characterize the molecular structure of P‐PCE. Effects of P‐PCE on the dispersing performance of cement paste were systematically investigated via mini slump test. The results showed that P‐PCE exhibited superior dispersing performance, more retarding hydration effect and better sulfate and clay tolerance than conventional PCE (C‐PCE). Results showed that the maximum flow of cement paste could reach up to 305 mm, while that of the C‐PCE was 285 mm.The maximum variation of adsorption of P‐PCE was 9% and 15% in the presence of sulfate and clay, whereas that of C‐PCE was 15% and 25%, respectively, leading to better sulfate and clay tolerance. These significant advantages could be ascribed to the high anion density and high calcium complexing capacity induced by introducingphosphinate group and phosphonate group into the molecular structure of P‐PCE. The as‐synthesized P‐PCE can be used as a kind of high performance superplasticizer in concrete engineering.
Comparative study on the curing kinetics and thermal properties of a new series of diglycidyl esters of bis(trimellitimide)s
Authors: Abbasi Ehsan , Jannesari Ali
Published: January 2022

The non‐isothermal curing behavior of a new series of epoxy‐imide resins based on trimellitimide structures, synthesized in a three‐step procedure, were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. The chemical structures of the synthesized intermediates and their corresponding epoxy‐imide resins were characterized and confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The imide‐containing resins, also a medium molecular weight bisphenol‐A based epoxy (as reference) were cured by dicyandiamide. The variation of apparent activation energies (Eα) with conversion was then calculated by various differential, as well as integral isoconversional methods. Furthermore, the thermal stability of understudied systems was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the determined melting temperatures of epoxy‐imide resins were significantly higher than that of the reference one, but were still within the range of powder coating application temperatures. In contrast with the reference, the imide‐containing systems showed the dependency of Eα as a function of the curing conversion and the values of Eα at the onset of their curing reactions were considerably higher than that of another, ca. 111.6–155.4 kJ/mol against 50.7 kJ/mol, which approached the reference value at the end of the curing reactions. The evaluation of reaction mechanisms with the progress of the curing reactions by the methods of Friedman and Malek revealed the traits of autocatalytic behavior, despite the predominance of the nth‐order reaction mechanism. The TGA data also showed that the cured epoxy‐imide samples had lower degradation rates, extended stability windows, and enhanced flame retardancy compared with the reference resin.
Facile grafting hyperbranched poly(thiol ether‐ester) onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via thiol‐yne click chemistry to enhance the thermal conductivity, mechanical, and thermal properties of MWCNTs/epoxy composites
Authors: Xiong Lei , Pan Zhiqing , Lai Wenbin , Liu Fang , Zhao Chunhui
Published: January 2022

In this study, we report an efficient and rapid technique to achieve the covalent functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by hyperbranched poly(thiol ether‐ester) (HPTEE) via thiol‐yne click chemistry method. The structures of the MWCNTs grafted with HPTEE (MWCNTs‐HPTEE) were characterized and their effects on the epoxy‐based composites were investigated. It was found that the hyperbranched polymers have been successfully grafted onto the MWCNTs surface thorough covalent bonds, which can greatly improve the dispersion of MWCNTs in epoxy matrix and the interfacial interaction between them, contributing to the largely enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. When 0.6 wt% MWCNTs‐HPTEE was added, the composites exhibited the best mechanical properties. An impressive 180% increase in the impact strength and 72.3% increase in flexural strength were observed with respect to the neat epoxy resin. Moreover, at the same filler content, the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of MWCNTs‐HPTEE/epoxy composites outperformed the composites containing the raw MWCNTs. Experimental results demonstrated that the resulted MWCNTs‐HPTEE are more effective on the improvement of properties of epoxy‐based composites as compared with raw MWCNTs.
Different drives of herding: An exploratory study of motivations underlying social conformity
Authors: Chen Xinling , Li Suiqing , Zhang Yijie , Zhai Yuzhu , Zhang Zhixin , Feng Chunliang
Published: January 2022

We often align our behaviors, attitudes, and opinions in line with a majority of others, a phenomenon known as “social conformity.” A seminal framework has proposed that conformity behaviors are mainly driven by three fundamental motives: a desire to gain more information to be accurate, to obtain social approval from others, and to maintain a favorable self‐concept. However, previous studies usually have interpreted conformity behaviors as driven by one motive or another, largely ignoring the fact that human behaviors could be concurrently induced by multiple and even conflicting motivations. Adopting a typical conformity paradigm widely used in previous studies, we explored distinct and concurrent motives underlying the same conformity behavior, combining personality and individual differences with more nuanced analyses of observed conformity behaviors. Our findings provide novel evidence to show that three motivations exist within a single conformity behavior, suggesting that multiple motivations drive the conformity concurrently. These findings provide a potential solution for the extensive debate about what drives human social conformity and help to better understand the conformity behavior in daily life.
Preparation and properties of reinforced SEBS‐based thermoplastic elastomers modified by PA6
Authors: Gao Wentong , Yu Baoyin , Li Shuhang , Chen Shao , Zhu Yuhong , Zhang Bo , Zhang Yilei , Cai Hong , Han Bing
Published: January 2022

SEBS‐based thermoplastic elastomers modified by PA6 with maleic anhydride grafted copolymer (SEBS‐g‐MAH or PP‐g‐MAH) as the compatibilizer were prepared, and the effects of compatibilizer and PA6 on the mechanical and surface properties of blends were investigated in detail. The dosage ratio of SEBS‐g‐MAH to PA6 at 3:5 is an optimal combination for improving mechanical properties. The maleic anhydride of SEBS‐g‐MAH can react with the terminal amine of PA6 to form the SEBS‐g‐PA6 graft copolymer as a bridge at the phase interface. With the increase of PA6, a typical sea‐island structure gradually appears in the matrix, and when PA6 is 15 phr, the tensile strength and ultimate elongation both reach the maximum of 18.58 MPa and 1097%, and the corresponding wear rate is only 54.4% of that before modification. Furthermore, the addition of PA6 also significantly reduced the contact angle of the blends to below 90°, transforming the hydrophobic surface into a hydrophilic surface. These outcomes provide an effective strategy for reinforcing and modifying the surface properties of thermoplastic elastomers and benefit the development of SEBS in industrial applications.
Asian American adolescents' mental health literacy and beliefs about helpful strategies to address mental health challenges at school
Authors: Liu Jia Li , Wang Cixin , Do Kieu Anh , Bali Diksha
Published: January 2022

Asian Americans are the fastest‐growing racial group in the United States. Contrary to the model minority myth, many Asian American youth experience mental health challenges. However, they are less likely to utilize school‐based mental health services than their non‐Asian American peers. A paucity of research addresses Asian American adolescents' understanding of mental health disorders and beliefs about helpful strategies for addressing psychological challenges within the school context. The present study utilized vignettes and semi‐structured interviews with 24 Asian American adolescents (M = 16.92, SD = 2.45, 79.17% females) to explore their understanding of eating disorders and depression and what they perceive as helpful strategies to address mental health challenges at school. Participants shared culture‐specific risk factors for these mental health disorders, such as high academic pressure, sociocultural pressures for thinness, and internalized model minority stereotype. Participants also proposed strategies to support youth mental health, including providing support, encouraging professional help‐seeking, reducing stigma, addressing confidentiality concerns, implementing school‐wide programs to promote mental health awareness, promoting positive coping strategies, and establishing strong connections between mental health providers and Asian American students. We discuss practical implications for school‐based mental health programs, practices, and providers.
Assessing students in foster care for autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Dilly Laura J. , Pavlov Alexis
Published: January 2022

The intersection of children identified with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children within the foster care system who have experienced trauma can complicate timely assessment and eligibility for special education services, creating health disparities for this group of students. As students with ASD are over three times more likely to be involved in the foster care system than typically developing peers, school psychologists must be equipped to assess for ASD in this population. The complex clinical presentation of students with ASD within foster care contributes to delays in identification and access to special education services. In particular, schools may struggle to disentangle the symptoms of ASD from the consequences of trauma exposure that often accompanies foster care placement. This paper reviews the relation between students in foster care and those with ASD, outlines the similarities and differences in developmental profiles of these students, and provides recommendations for school practitioners associated with assessment practices, prevention strategies to reduce the risk of trauma subsequent foster care placement for students with ASD, as well as needed advocacy efforts and future research.
The sands of time: Adolescents' temporal perceptions of peer relationships and autonomy in the context of living with chronic pain
Authors: Jones Abigail , Caes Line , Eccleston Christopher , Noel Melanie , Gauntlett‐Gilbert Jeremy , Jordan Abbie
Published: January 2022

The incidence of chronic and recurrent pain increases in adolescence. Prevalence of adolescent chronic pain is estimated to be 11%‐44%, with approximately 5% adolescents experiencing moderate‐to‐severe chronic pain. Adolescents with chronic pain also report unwanted changes in emotional, social, and developmental functioning. Very little is known about how adolescents with chronic pain make sense of their development, the role of pain in that development, and how such developmental trajectories progress over time. A multi‐methods qualitative study was designed to explore how adolescents make sense of their experience of chronic pain in the context of development. Nine adolescents (8 girls) aged 12‐22 years old (Mean = 15.7, SD = 2.8) were recruited from a UK national pain service. Adolescents completed an interview on entering the service, and a follow‐up interview 12 months later. They also completed monthly diaries in this 12‐month period. Data comprised 18 interviews and 60 diary entries, which were analyzed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Analyses generated one overarching theme entitled “tug of war: push and pull,” demonstrating developmental tension related to pain, and the cumulative impact these had over time. This overarching theme comprised two subthemes which capture these tensions across the developmental domains of peer relationships and autonomy. The first subtheme, “the shifting sands of peer relationships,” explores the ever‐changing closeness between self and peers. The second subtheme referred to “restricted choices” and how pain limited the participants' autonomy but that this, over time could push development forward. These results extend previous cross‐sectional research on the developmental consequences of chronic pain, showing the dynamic fluctuations and alterations to developmental trajectories over time.
Auto‐identification of two Sitophilus sibling species on stored wheat using deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Yang Haiying , Zhao Huiyi , Zhang Dufeng , Cao Yang , Teng Shyh Wei , Pang Shaoning , Zhou Xiaoguang , Li Yanyu
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais are the two main insect pests that infest stored grain worldwide. Accurate and rapid identification of the two pests is challenging because of their similar appearances. The S. zeamais adults are darker and shinier than S. oryzae in visible light. Convolutional neural network (CNN) can be applied for the effective differentiation due to its high effectiveness in object recognition.

RESULTS

We propose a multilayer convolutional structure (MCS) feature extractor to extract insect characteristics within each layer of the CNN architecture. A region proposal network is adopted to determine the location of a potential pest in the wheat background. The precision of classification and the robustness of bounding box regression are increased by including deeper layer variables into the classification and bounding box regression subnets, as well as combining loss functions softmax and smooth L1. The proposed multilayer convolutional structure network (MCSNet) achieves the mean average precision of 87.89 ± 2.36% from the laboratory test, with an average detection speed of 0.182 ± 0.005 s per test. The model was further assessed with the field trials, and the obtained accuracy was 90.35 ± 3.12%. For all test conditions, the average precision for S. oryzae was higher than that for S. zeamais.

CONCLUSION

The proposed MCSNet model has demonstrated that it is a fast and accurate method for detecting sibling species from visible light images in both laboratory and field trials. This will ultimately be applied for pest management together with an upgraded industrial camera system, which has been installed in over 100 000 grain depots of China.
Combining information to estimate adherence in studies of pre‐exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: Application to HPTN 067
Authors: Hughes James P. , Williamson Brian D. , Krakauer Chloe , Chau Gordon , Ortiz Brayan , Wakefield Jon , Hendrix Craig , Amico K. Rivet , Holtz Timothy H. , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Grant Robert
Published: January 2022

In trials of oral HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), multiple approaches have been used to measure adherence, including self‐report, pill counts, electronic dose monitoring devices, and biological measures such as drug levels in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, hair, and/or dried blood spots. No one of these measures is ideal and each has strengths and weaknesses. However, accurate estimates of adherence to oral PrEP are important as drug efficacy is closely tied to adherence, and secondary analyses of trial data within identified adherent/non‐adherent subgroups may yield important insights into real‐world drug effectiveness. We develop a statistical approach to combining multiple measures of adherence and show in simulated data that the proposed method provides a more accurate measure of true adherence than self‐report. We then apply the method to estimate adherence in the ADAPT study (HPTN 067) in South African women.
Category innovation in the software industry: 1990–2002
Authors: Pontikes Elizabeth George
Published: January 2022

Research Summary

This study investigatescategory innovation, when firms introduce a new label to pioneer a market category. I propose two antecedent pathways. The first is based on firms' material developments. Firms thatcombine categoriesin their products and technologies are more likely to use category innovation to communicate their position is not peripheral, but at the center of an emerging category. The second is contextual, in response tocategory leniency, when a market category has ambiguous social meaning. Central and peripheral firms in lenient categories use category innovation to send a clearer signal of their position. These pathways are countervailing: the more lenient a firm's categories, the weaker the relationship between category combination and category innovation. Exploratory analyses show category innovation is associated with firm success.

Managerial Summary

Firms use category labels to communicate the market they are in. This article studies the linguistic tacticcategory innovation: when firms introduce a new label to signal the firm is carving out a new market. I find firms use this tactic when they (a) develop novel, category‐combining products that do not fit into existing markets, or (b) are in a market that is not well‐defined (alenientmarket category). I also find that for firms in lenient markets, the relationship between novel products and category innovation weakens. Preliminary evidence uncovers an association between firms that use category innovation and their likelihood to IPO, suggesting this linguistic tactic may be part of successful firm strategies.
Cementitious mortars containing pozzolana under elevated temperatures
Authors: Toufigh Vahab , Pachideh Ghasem
Published: January 2022

In recent years, pozzolana are being increasingly used in different types of concretes and mortars. This investigation aims to evaluate the effect of replacing 7, 14, 21, and 28% cement (by weight) with silica fume (SF), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), zeolite, and fly ash (FA) under elevated temperatures. Forty mix designs were built with various water‐to‐cement ratios and plasticizers. Three hundred and six specimens were prepared, and the flexural, uniaxial compression and tensile tests were performed on specimens after exposure to elevated temperatures between 25°C and 900°C. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) test was then performed on the two series of specimens. Accordingly, the results reveal that the average compressive strength of the control specimen and those containing SF, GBFS, Zeolite, and FA, respectively, is 23.17, 32.2, 34.87, 29.67, and 17.38 MPa. These values for the tensile and flexural strength tests are 0.77, 1.1, 1.02, 0.98, and 0.61 and 0.77, 1.23, 1.29, 0.93, and 0.87 MPa, respectively. Therefore, specimens containing zeolite and GBFS had better performance against heat. As per the increase in temperature, the size of the grains in the specimens containing the SF and GBFS in the XRD test shrunk less (about 6%) in contrast to those of the control specimen. The artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to estimate the mechanical properties of the specimens at the age of 28 days.
Milk production status and associated factors among indigenous dairy cows in Raya Kobo district, north eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abegaz Silamlak Birhanu
Published: January 2022

Background

A cross‐sectional survey study was conducted from September 2020 to April 2021. A total of 217 households were randomly selected. The data collection instruments were structured questionnaires: focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Data were coded, entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software. Ranking indexes as well as binary logistic regression analysis were used to look for the relationship between dependent and independent variables.

Result

The present study showed that season of calving, disease and parasite challenges, housing conditions and shortage of land for forage production with an index value of 0.180, 0.154, 0.153 and 0.126, respectively, were the most important constraints affecting milk production potential. Likewise, foot and mouth disease [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.000–0.016)], internal parasites [AOR = 0.003, 95% CI = (0.000–0.046)], shortage of grazing land [AOR = 0.017, 95% CI = (0.002–0.148)], summer season of calving [AOR = 0.012, 95% CI = (0.002–0.088)], overall cattle herd composition [AOR = 0.002, 95% CI = (0.000–0.025)], straw shed [AOR = 0.046, 95% CI = (0.006–0.327)] and open yard [AOR = 0.003, 95% CI = (0.000–0.183)] housing conditions were significantly associated with milk production status at p < 0.001 and p < 0.05.

Conclusion

The current study indicated that milk production status was poor. Therefore, suitable government policy support and provision of subsidies, genuine participation of dairy producers with governmental and non‐governmental organizations are imperative to improve livestock productivity. Furthermore, future research and development actions should find solutions to decrease the bottlenecks so that the massive potentials of the area could be exploited to its maximum and could advance the livelihood of the community.
[A([18]crown‐6)]2[Pt(CO)3] ⋅ 10 NH3(A=K, Rb) – A crystal structure containing the long postulated [Pt(CO)3]2−
Authors: Tiefenthaler Susanne M. , Kleemiss Florian , Korber Nikolaus
Published: January 2022

The compound [A([18]crown‐6]2[Pt(CO)3] ⋅ 10 NH3(A=K, Rb, [18]crown‐ 6=1,4,7,10,13,16‐Hexaoxacyclooctadecane) containing the anion [Pt(CO)3]2−was the unexpected result of a reaction between K6Rb6Ge17, Pt(CO)2(PPh3)2, [18]crown‐6 and [2.2.2]‐crypt. This compound represents the first example of a mononuclear carbonyl platinate and expands the list of known group 10 carbonyl metallates. The central anion has a trigonal planar shape with an approximate D3hsymmetry. Theoretical investigations confirm the trigonal planar structure of the carbonylate and give insight into the electronic structure. The calculations reveal a strong charge density at the central platinum atom, while the HOMO shows a dispersion of the residual electrons under and over the carbonyl plane.
Poincaré series for modular graph forms at depth two. Part II. Iterated integrals of cusp forms
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Kleinschmidt Axel , Schlotterer Oliver
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We continue the analysis of modular invariant functions, subject to inhomogeneous Laplace eigenvalue equations, that were determined in terms of Poincaré series in a companion paper. The source term of the Laplace equation is a product of (derivatives of) two non-holomorphic Eisenstein series whence the modular invariants are assigned depth two. These modular invariant functions can sometimes be expressed in terms of single-valued iterated integrals of holomorphic Eisenstein series as they appear in generating series of modular graph forms. We show that the set of iterated integrals of Eisenstein series has to be extended to include also iterated integrals of holomorphic cusp forms to find expressions for all modular invariant functions of depth two. The coefficients of these cusp forms are identified as ratios of their L-values inside and outside the critical strip.
Verminderte Mineralisation des Knochens: Rachitis und Osteomalazie
Authors: Tischlinger Katharina , Högler Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

Die Mineralisation der Wachstumsfuge und des Knochens benötigt suffiziente Mengen an Kalzium und Phosphat, um ein adäquates Körperwachstum und eine adäquate Knochenstärke zu gewährleisten. Bei Mangelzuständen nehmen Härte und Stärke des Knochens ab (Osteomalazie), mit typischen Veränderungen an der Wachstumsfuge (Rachitis). Die vermeidbaren Komplikationen einer erworbenen Rachitis können lebensbedrohlich sein und sind auch deshalb ein global wichtiges Public-Health-Thema. Typische klinische Zeichen, Laborparameter und radiologische Veränderungen sollten zur unverzüglichen Diagnose führen. Erbliche und erworbene Formen der Rachitis wie X‑chromosomale Hypophosphatämie oder Hypophosphatasie werden, wie oftmals bei seltenen Erkrankungen, spät diagnostiziert. Diagnose, Therapie und Management von Rachitiden sollten durch tertiäre kinderosteologische Spezialisten erfolgen, die in internationalen „Rare-diseases“-Netzwerken arbeiten und in enger Kooperation mit Selbsthilfegruppen stehen.
In silico deconjugation of glucuronide conjugates enhances tandem mass spectra library annotation of human samples
Authors: Huber Carolin , Krauss Martin , Reinstadler Vera , Denicolò Sara , Mayer Gert , Schulze Tobias , Brack Werner , Oberacher Herbert
Published: January 2022

Mass spectral library annotation of liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) data is a reliable approach for fast identification of organic contaminants and toxicants in complex environmental and biological matrices. While determining the exposure of humans or mammals, it is indispensable to include phase I and phase II metabolites (conjugates) along with the parent compounds, but often, tandem mass spectra for these are unavailable. In this study, we present and evaluate a strategy for annotating glucuronide conjugates in LC-HRMS/MS scans by applying a neutral loss search for detection, then truncating the spectra which we refer to as in silico deconjugation, and finally searching these against mass spectral libraries of the aglycones. The workflow was tested on a dataset of in vitro–generated glucuronides of reference standard mixtures and a dataset of 51 authentic urine samples collected from patients with known medication status, acquired on different instrumentations. A total number of 75 different glucuronidated molecular structures were identified by in silico deconjugation and spectral library annotation. We also identified specific molecular structures (sulfonamides, ether bonds, di-glucuronides), which resulted in slightly different fragmentation patterns between the glucuronide and the unconjugated compound. This led to a decreased spectral matching score and in some cases to a false-negative identification. Still, by applying this method, we revealed a reliable annotation of most common glucuronides, leading to a new strategy reducing the need for deconjugation steps or for recording many reference glucuronide spectra for screening approaches.

Graphical Abstract
Visual deterioration in patients with photoreceptor loss after retinal reattachment surgery
Authors: Rasool Sana , Kaushik Megha , Chaudhary Rishika , Blachford Karen , Berry Martin , Scott Robert A. H. , Logan Ann , Blanch Richard J.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Assess the relationship between photoreceptor degeneration and visual function after retinal reattachment surgery (RRS) in a prospective cohort.

Methods

Patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were reviewed before and 6 months after vitreoretinal surgery. Optical coherence tomographical thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), outer retinal segment (ORS), retinal pigmented epithelium to ellipsoid zone (RPE-EZ) and external limiting membrane to EZ (ELM-EZ) were recorded 6 months post-operatively. These were compared to best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal sensitivity (Humphrey visual field).

Results

Thirteen macula-off and 8 macula-on RRD patients were included. The mean ONL thickness was higher after macula-on RRD compared to macula-off RRD (97.70 ± 3.62 μm vs. 73.10 ± 4.98 μm). In all RRD eyes, every 1 μm decrease in ONL thickness correlated with a 0.052 dB decrease and in retinal sensitivity and every 1 μm decrease in ORS thickness was associated with a 0.062 dB reduction in retinal sensitivity. ORS, ELM-EZ and RPE-EZ thickness did not correlate with BCVA post-RRS.

Conclusion

There was greater ONL and ORS thinning following macula-off compared to macula-on RRD. Correlations between ONL and ORS thinning with decreased retinal sensitivity may be explained by RRD-induced photoreceptor death.