bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analogies across Faiths
Authors: Ralston Joshua
Published: January 2020

Joshua Ralston frankly acknowledges Barth’s dismissive comments about Islam and the possibility of Muslim-Christian dialogue. Despite these comments, Ralston seeks to engage Barth as a conversation partner in comparative theological work by placing his dialectical understanding of revelation as the veiling and unveiling of God in conversation with Ash’arite Sunni thinking about God and revelation, specifically Abu Hamid al-Ghazali’s Al-Maqsad al-Asna (The 99 Beautiful Names of God). Both theologians affirm the particularity of revelation that comes only from God, and both reject the possibilities of any analogy of being (analogia entis). For both, to speak rightly about God is emphatically to speak “after revelation”—so analogy and reason may be used, but only in light of what God has first revealed (in Jesus Christ or in the Qur’an).
God as Subject and Never Object to Us
Authors: Pugliese Marc A.
Published: January 2020

Marc Pugliese offers a close reading of Śaṅkara’s interpretation of the Kena Upaniṣad and Barth’s reflections on the self-revelation of God (especially in CD 1/1), focusing on the issue of divine subjectivity. He notes that despite their differences, the two texts exhibit strong parallels in their descriptions of ultimate reality as utterly non-objectifiable. Most interesting is Pugliese’s suggestion that the Kena Upaniṣad can help respond to critics of Barth by further developing Barth’s theology of God’s subjectivity in ways that follow from what Barth himself says.
Speaking about the Unspeakable
Authors: Ezigbo Victor I.
Published: January 2020

Victor Ezigbo explores the theme of mediated divine action through a comparison of Barth’s interpretation of scriptural authority and Christopher Ejizu’s view of the nature and functions of ọfọ in the indigenous religion of the Igbo people of southeast Nigeria. In both cases, a human-made object can function as a means for people to encounter God, even as God remains free, never identified or confused with the object. Ezigbo attends carefully to the details of how objects mediate divine-human encounter in each case. Without minimizing the differences between Barth’s theology and the Igbo understanding of ọfọ, he concludes with attention to their shared conviction that God’s freedom to use fallible texts and objects to encounter humans should chasten every effort to restrict God or make the divine in our own image.
Response to Part II
Authors: Knitter Paul
Published: January 2020

Paul Knitter responds to the two essays on Barth and Buddhism in chapters 4 and 5 from his own unique perspective as a “double belonger,” one who is nurtured by and engages in both Christian and Buddhist practices. From that vantage point, and drawing from decades of theological scholarship in religious pluralism, Knitter critically engages Lai and Farwell, suggesting in the end that all efforts in comparative theology with Barth must acknowledge more honestly the inherent dualism and Christomonism in his approach.
Response to Part III
Authors: Sirry Mun’im
Published: January 2020

Mun’im Sirry responds to the essays in chapters 7 and 8 by highlighting difference more than commonality: difference between Barth and Islamic thinking, differences of scholarly interpretation of Barth, and difference within Barth’s own theological understanding. With appreciation for the work of Ralston and Richardson, Sirry nudges the conversation toward deeper attention to real differences between religious traditions, suggesting that such difference “should not be viewed as a source of misguidance but rather, perhaps, the consequence of the divine merciful radiance.”
Response to Part IV
Authors: Rambachan Anantanand
Published: January 2020

Advaita scholar Anantanand Rambachan offers comments on the essays of Pugliese and Sheveland, extending and deepening the conversation between Barth and these particular thinkers. He commends both Pugliese and Sheveland for their work so far and offers each of them a particular challenge to think further about an implication of their comparative work.
Introduction
Authors: Warner Tobias
Published: January 2020

The introduction situates postcolonial language debates in a comparative perspective before pivoting into the book’s central interventions. Written for a broad, nonspecialist audience, it is designed to be approachable as a standalone essay. Rather than seeing the postcolonial language question as mainly a struggle over authenticity or commitment, the introduction argues for recognizing it as an untimely gesture of refusal of the given conditions of a literary present and as an invitation to imagine other configurations of literary culture. A revisionist reading of two landmark 1960s conferences on African literature models this approach. Drawing on unpublished transcripts, the introduction shows that efforts to institutionalize African literature at these two gatherings led to the first stirrings of the language issue. It concludes with an extended reflection on the challenges and possibilities of a practice of literary comparison that does not take for granted the universality of literature.
Toward the Future Reader: Print Networks and the Question of the Audience
Authors: Warner Tobias
Published: January 2020

Benedict Anderson famously tied the spread of newspapers, novels, and vernacular language movements to the rise of nationalism. This chapter tells a very different story about the audiences that print cultures conjure. The years 1930–60 saw an explosion of periodicals in French West Africa. African newspapers developed a rich repertoire of strategies for cultivating their audiences and imagining alternative modes of relating to print besides silent, private reading. Contra Anderson, late colonial-era print networks did not always project audiences according to a nationalist model. Instead, many periodicals were oriented toward a figure this chapter calls the future reader--an elusive, virtual addressee just beyond the margins of existing print publics. After tracing the future reader across novels, newspapers, and more ephemeral print forms, this chapter argues that this figure has come to live on in vernacular literature movements, which continue to concern themselves with producing the readerships they seek to address.
Dynamis of Healing
Authors: Chaudhari Pia Sophia
Published: January 2020

This work is an exploration of possible experiential traces of Orthodox Christian ontology and soteriology in the healing of the psyche as known and experienced through depth psychology. It explores a possible relationship between theology and depth psychology as mediated through a lens of the sacramentality of creation. Using a variety of patristic soteriological images, all of which converge around the central theme of “that which is not assumed is not healed,” it then goes on to offer a possible psychological exegesis of that key patristic maxim, seeking to understand how this might be experienced psychologically. This is done through the lens of the assumption of being qua being as explored through insights into the natural healing impetus of the psyche qua psyche. The exploration then turns to the ontological energies of eros, desire, and will and looks for traces of the assumption of eros in psychological healing, as seen primarily through the lens of object-relations theory.
Introduction
Authors: Chaudhari Pia Sophia
Published: January 2020

Dynamis of Healing: Patristic Theology and the Psyche explores possible experiential traces of Orthodox Christian ontology and soteriology in the healing of the psyche, as known and experienced through depth psychology, by examining a possible relationship between theology and depth psychology as mediated through a lens of the sacramentality of creation. Chapter 1 maps the territory for inclusion of the psyche, as understood in depth psychological terms, in discussions of salvation and healing. Chapter 2 explores a central premise of patristic soteriology, giving an outline of the thought of several key church fathers and exploring the Eastern Orthodox emphasis on theosis as a model of transformation. Chapter 3 discusses a possible ontology of healing by looking at St. Maximus’s concept of the logoi of being and clinical insights into the psyche as always seeking to manifest healing qua psyche. Chapter 4 concludes the book by considering the importance of eros and desire from both a theological perspective and a depth psychological perspective.
Psyche and Creation: Initial Reflections on Orthodox Theology and Depth Psychology
Authors: Chaudhari Pia Sophia
Published: January 2020

This chapter maps the territory for inclusion of the psyche, as understood in depth psychological terms, in discussions of salvation and healing. It utilizes a case study to illustrate the possible depths of transformation a person can undergo. It also notes and briefly addresses areas of difference between Orthodox Christianity and depth psychology.
Eros: Healing Fire
Authors: Chaudhari Pia Sophia
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers the importance of eros and desire from both a theological perspective and a depth psychological perspective. Using St. Maximus’s concept of the tropoi of being, eros is considered as a dynamic driver of the psyche.
Low storage explicit Runge-Kutta method
Authors: Lobão Diomar Cesar
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo estamos tratando dos métodos explícitos Runge Kutta (LSERK) de alta ordem e baixo armazenamento, que são usados principalmente para a discretização temporal e são estáveis independentemente de sua precisão. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é comparar o RK tradicional com diferentes formas de métodos LSERK. Os experimentos numéricos indicam que tais métodos são altamente precisos e eficazes para propósitos numéricos. Também é mostrado o tempo de CPU e suas implicações na solução. O método é bem adequado para obter uma solução precisa de alta ordem para o problema escalar de segunda ordem do problema de valor inicial (IVP), como é discutido no presente artigo.
Heterotrophic growth of Aphanothece microscopica Nägeli in calcium alginate beads from BG11 medium and vinasse
Authors: Bastos Reinaldo Gaspar , Harumi Ogata Bruna , Matos Victor de Carvalho , Jesus Geise Cristina , Altenhofen da Silva Mariana
Published: January 2020

A aplicação de microalgas e cianobactérias imobilizadas no tratamento de efluentes tem sido objeto de diversas pesquisas nos últimos anos, visando principalmente a remoção de carbono e nitrogênio simultaneamente, além de outros nutrientes como fósforo. Quanto aos métodos de imobilização de microalgas, o sistema de encapsulação em matrizes de macromoléculas como o alginato tem despertado interesse devido às suas características de biodegradabilidade, biocompatibilidade e não toxicidade. Neste contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento de esferas de alginato para a imobilização da cianobactéria Aphanothece microscopica Nägeli, bem como a avaliação do crescimento e capacidade de remoção de glicose, como exemplo de composto orgânico, da fase líquida “bulk”. Os resultados indicaram elevadas velocidades específicas de crescimento para Aphanothece microscopica Nägeli imobilizada em alginato de cálcio tanto para o meio BG11 e vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar, sugerindo a viabilidade do processo, com perspectivas de remoção contínua de matéria orgânica de efluentes a partir deste sistema de cultivo microalgal
Análise comparativa entre medidas de deformação em estruturas de barra
Authors: Tolentino Lucas Dezotti , Souza Luiz Antonio Farani de
Published: January 2020

O desempenho de estruturas é de fundamental importância dentro do projeto estrutural, contudo a resposta da estrutura quando submetida a carregamentos é função de diversas variáveis. As estruturas são projetadas para atender a critérios de segurança contra ruína e satisfazer condições de serviço, para que não ocorra danos inaceitáveis em elementos não estruturais e garantam a efetiva durabilidade da peça. A contribuição de sistemas computacionais auxilia o processo de análise, principalmente no estudo de sistemas estruturais complexos. Desse modo, este artigo tem por objetivo aplicar conceitos da mecânica do contínuo por meio de quatro medidas de deformação unidimensional em uma barra carregada axialmente à tração e verificar o comportamento das mesmas frente ao aumento do carregamento. Foram estudadas as deformações de Cauchy, de Green, Logarítmica e de Almansi. Conclui-se que, para pequenos incrementos de carga, a diferença entre os resultados numéricos obtidos pelo programa Ftool e os obtidos aqui foram consideravelmente próximos. No entanto, com o consequente aumento do carregamento houve uma grande variação da resposta da barra quanto ao deslocamento para as medidas de deformação. Os deslocamentos na barra foram obtidos com o Método Posicional de Elementos Finitos.
International Commercial Courts in France: Innovation without Revolution?
Authors: Biard Alexandre
Published: January 2020

International Commercial Courts in France: Innovation without Revolution?

In 2018, in the wake of Brexit, the French legal profession took several important measures to strengthen the competitiveness of France and the French legal system, and to make Paris an attractive go-to-point for businesses when the latter have to deal with international commercial litigation. When taking a closer look at it, Brexit is only the top of the iceberg, and has mostly served as a catalyst. Reasons explaining the development of international commercial courts in France are manifold. They are consequences of long-standing efforts aimed at boosting the French judicial marketplace to adapt it to the requirements of globalization and to the expectations of multinational corporations. The setting-up of the French international business courts has made several procedural adjustments necessary. Although the latter undoubtedly represent clear innovations, they however do not constitute a full-blown revolution. France has indeed decided to maximize already-existing procedural rules, combined with a new organisational format inspired by the Common Law tradition. If it remains too early to draw clear conclusions on the impact of these new developments, it is essential to keep our ears to the ground, and to be forward-looking. We should carefully consider the possible side-effects on the French justice system considered as a whole, and in particular wonder whether these international commercial courts might in the future open the door to broader far-reaching evolutions within the judicial system. Finally, the multiplication of international business courts across Europe nowadays triggers some questions concerning the role and potential added value of an EU initiative in this domain.
Social Networks and Traditional Metrics of Impact in Pulmonary Medicine Journals: A Correlation Study
Authors: Patino-Hernandez Daniela , Fernández-Ávila Daniel , Celis-Preciado Carlos , Munoz-Velandia Oscar
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) impact factor is extensively used. However, as the Internet has become widely available, new metrics are coming into play. Our research aims to determine whether a correlation between the SJR impact factor and metrics reflecting social media activity does exist. Materials and methods: We have used pulmonary medicine journals indexed in the SJR. Variables of social network usage have been extracted from verified accounts. Bivariate analyses have been performed with the Mann-Whitney U tests, the correlation between social media-derived variables and the SJR impact factor have been assessed with the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results are presented before and after adjustment for the years since the creation of the accounts. Results: From 130 journals, 38 had at least one social network account, Twitter being the most commonly used (22.85%). The H index was higher in journals with social network accounts (Median 60 vs. 17; p < 0.01). The global correlation between the SJR and the number of followers on Twitter revealed moderate agreement (r = 0.46; p < 0.01), which was excellent in open access journals (rs = 0.90; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of social networks is directly correlated with traditional indicators of scientific impact. The joint use of alternative and traditional metrics may be useful for journals in order to generate strategies aiming to increase their audience, as well as for researchers when deciding about the best option of disseminating their articles.
Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Gao Yuqing , Soubani Ayman
Published: January 2020

Aspergillus is a mould that is ubiquitous in nature and may lead to a variety of infectious and allergic diseases depending on the host's immune status or pulmonary structure. Invasive pulmonaryaspergillosisoccurs primarily in patients with severe immunodeficiency. The significance of this infection has dramatically increased with growing numbers of patients with impaired immune state associated with the management of malignancy, organ transplantation, autoimmune and inflammatory conditions; critically ill patients appear to be at an increased risk as well. The introduction of new noninvasive tests, combined with more effective and better-tolerated antifungal agents, has resulted in lower mortality rates associated with this infection. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is a locally invasive disease described in patients with chronic lung disease or mild immunodeficiency. Recently, the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases provided a more robust sub-classification of this entity that allows for a straightforward approach to diagnosis and management. Allergic bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis, a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus antigens, is generally seen in patients with atopy, asthma or cystic fibrosis. This review provides an update on the evolving epidemiology and risk factors of the major manifestations of Aspergillus lung disease and the clinical manifestations that should prompt the clinician to consider these conditions. It also details the role of noninvasive tests in the diagnosis of Aspergillus related lung diseases and advances in the management of these disorders.
Not Everything Is What It Seems: Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Mimicking Lung Cancer
Authors: Prisciandaro Elena , Girelli Lara , Rampinelli Cristiano , Ghioni Mariacristina , Spaggiari Lorenzo
Published: January 2020

Malignant pleural mesothelioma usually arises from the pleural surface and progressively encases the lungs. Pulmonary involvement generally occurs at an advanced stage, while intraparenchymal nodules, in the absence of pleural lesions, constitute a less frequent presentation. We describe the case of a patient with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules, mediastinal lymphadenopathies and left pleural effusion in the absence of pleural lesions, simulating advanced stage lung cancer. Thoracoscopic inspection did not detect any lesions. Pathological examination on one pulmonary nodule revealed malignant pleural mesothelioma. Despite its rarity, intraparenchymal malignant pleural mesothelioma should always be taken into account, when lung nodules are present, to prevent misdiagnosis and avoid delayed treatment
An Uncommon Cause of Hemoptysis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Gupta Nitesh , Srikanth Juvva Kishan , Garg Puneet , Ish Pranav , Chakrabarti Shibdas
Published: January 2020

A sixty-year-old woman, diabetic on oral hypoglycemic, presented with complaints of low-grade fever, cough with scanty sputum, breathlessness since 3 weeks followed by streaky hemoptysis for five days [...]
Integrating Multi-Disciplinary Discussion in Clinical Practice
Authors: Papanikolaou Ilias , Afthinos Andreas , Papoudou-Bai Alexandra , Repousis Panagiotis
Published: January 2020

A 68 year-old male was referred to our clinic in order to investigate an abnormal chest radiography that was performed during work-up of an anemia with unknown onset [...]
Census of the Eastern Lands of the Second Polish Republicin 1919
Authors: Łazowska Bożena
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the paper is to present the process of organization and the results of thecensus carried out in December 1919 in the Eastern Lands of the Second Polish Republic by the Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands. The main tasks of the Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands included the assessment of the size of war losses as well as building the foundations for the Polish administration system in those territories of historical Lithuania that had become a part of the reborn Polish state. Hence the census in 1919. Its results have been of great importance for both the history of statis-tics and the history of Poland. In the main part, they were incorporated into the first gen-eral census of the Polish population carried out by Statistics Poland(GUS) in September 1921. Additionally, those data made it possible to develop a temporary administrative division of the territories incorporated into the Second Polish Republic in 1921, after sign-ing apeace treaty with Russia. They were also used while forming a development plan for the eastern territories of the reborn Poland.
Population ageing and income redistribution
Authors: Ochocki Andrzej
Published: January 2020

The aim of the paper is to identify the macroeconomic conditions which determined the dynamics of remuneration and pension growth in Poland in 2010–2017, along with presenting the study forecast until 2025. The research was based on the data from the na-tional accounts, population statistics, statistics of retirement benefits and Statistics Poland’s demographic forecast for 2008–2035. The ageing of a population aggravates the problem of fair distribution of the current stream of goods and services produced in the economic process. Distribution options are determined by the relations between the ratio of employed persons to pensioners and the volume of national income. The resulting dependencies can be described using the author’s original Intergenerational Income Transfer Model (IITM).The observation of tendencies in Poland demonstrated that the pace of GDP growth between 2010–2017 ensured the macroeconomic balance essential in the process of shaping remunerations and pensions –GDP was growing faster than remunerations and pensions. This indicates the necessity of maintaining a high rate of GDP growth and productivity, at around 3.6% a year, which means that GDP will need to have grown by over 40% by 2025 compared to 2015.With the help of the IITM, it was also possible to identify the main difficulty facing the system of public intergenerational transfers, which, in a state perceived as a common good, should be understood as pensioners’ liabilities whose repayment guaranteesa decent standard of living for the elderly.
Impact of joint-stock companies’ financial condition on real activities manipulation to manage earnings
Authors: Herman Sergiusz
Published: January 2020

The aim of the paper is both to determine whether joint-stock companies in poor financial condition undertake real activities manipulation to manage earnings, and to investigate the potential relationship between the scope of real activities manipulation and business fields in which these companies are operating. The database of the Notoria Serwis company and panel data models were used for the purpose of the study. In order to measure the scale of real earnings manipulation, the author adopted Roychowdhury’s methodology, focusing on the manipulation of sales, production costs and discretionary expenses. The study examined a sample of non-financial joint-stock companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the period 1998–2016, and was based on 1493–1669 obser-vations. The results demonstrated that companies in poor financial condition undertake actions to manage earnings. Managers manipulate sales volumes and reduce levels of discretionary expenses. The intensity of those actions depends on the type of business activity of a given company.
Changes in areastructure of farmsin terms of typological groups of voivodships
Authors: Bożek Jadwiga
Published: January 2020

The aim of the research discussed in this paper is to determine the scale, directions of changes and the degree of diversification of area structure of farms in Poland in the period of 2010–2016, in terms of typological groups of voivodships. The research was conducted on the basis of the data of Statistics Poland regarding the number of agricultural farms by size groups in voivodships for the years of 2010 and 2016. The following farm size groups were adopted inthe analysis: farmland under 2 ha, farmland of 2–5 ha, farmlandof 5–10 ha, farmland of 10–20 ha, farmland of 20–50 ha, and farmland of or over 50 ha. Based on fuzzy classification, four typological groups, consisting of voivodships of a similar area structure, were selected. Next, changes in the structure of typological groups and intergroup differentiation were presented. There occurred a fall in the number of farms up to 10 ha and the growth in the number of farms over 50 ha in all typological groups, but the dynamics and scale of these changes were diverse in regions. The biggest fall has been observed in the number of farms in voivodships with the most fragmented agricultural structure. The structure of typological groups has changed only slightly.
Forced Confessions
Authors: Niedermeier Silvan
Published: January 2020

This chapter studies two high-profile cases in which police officers used torture to extract confessions from black criminal suspects. In these cases, African Americans, aided by prominent white allies and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), appealed to the courts to protest acts of torture, contest forced confessions, and challenge legal discrimination. The chapter places these protests within the context of the “long Civil Rights movement” to illuminate the tensions between the demands of white supremacy and the demands of a “color-blind” law characteristic of the modern bureaucratic state.
Introduction
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

As the sixties began, the UI campus was calm and conservative, with anticommunism in the air. By decade’s end the campus was in chaos, with riots, bombings, and cries of revolution. A free-speech movement grew in reaction to the Clabaugh Act, which banned communist speakers on campus. The unpopular Vietnam War drew the movement toward antiwar activities. The music, drugs, and freer sex of the decade contributed to a general antiestablishment fervor that culminated in strikes and riots by the end of the sixties.
The New Guy: David Dodds Henry
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

Another East Coast man, President Henry, unlike Stoddard, excelled at building and maintaining good relations with trustees and legislators. In today’s terms, he effectively managed up, not so much down, rarely interacting with or even being seen by students, while managing an extensive expansion of the school’s budget, enrollment, physical plant, and campuses. Students considered him an invisible man, while his superiors and peers valued him as a superb manager, if not a charismatic leader.
Civil Rights, Free Speech, and War
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

By the middle of the decade, civil rights dominated the nation’s news media, but the war was escalating, and the student newspaper, the Daily Illini, was filled with stories of both. The paper introduced a different news theme when free-speech protests at the University of California at Berkeley made the headlines. Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) sponsored an event on the UI quad to debate the war, a fraternity sponsored a blood drive for the soldiers, and graduate students Vincent Wu and Vern Fein recall their experiences surrounding free speech, civil rights, and early antiwar activities.
A Spark: W. E. B. DuBois Club
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

As the war escalated, antiwar feelings increased on campus, and the first SDS meeting of the semester overflowed its venue. The Illinois student movement was sparked by the creation of a campus W. E. B. DuBois Club, whose connection to a Communist Party youth group of the same name was ambiguous. The founders announced they would seek university recognition and access to meeting rooms, adding they would challenge the twenty-year-old Clabaugh Act by bringing a communist speaker to campus, putting the administration in a quandary. This would be the seed from which the Illinois campus movement would grow.
The Board Surprises
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

Numerous university faculty appeared at the board of trustees meeting, declared support for DuBois Club recognition, and stated there was no evidence to deem the club subversive and that the university’s educational environment required an open exchange of ideas. The board’s own subcommittee agreed and also recommended approval. The board voted to accept these recommendations and allow the university to recognize the club. Politicians and newspaper editorial writers immediately attacked the decision. President Henry supported the decision.
Henry Responds
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

President Henry’s office offered to meet with two student leaders. A crowd of six hundred on the quad voted down the offer, demanding a public group meeting. Henry declined, also stating he would not offer an opinion on the Clabaugh Act. Millet invited twenty student leaders to meet, suggesting that Henry, too, would be willing to meet with them. At a noon rally the crowd voted to turn down the Henry meeting, but later in the week at a follow-on rally more moderate views predominated and the crowd voted to accept Henry’s offer. Letters poured in to administrators.
The Board Reverses
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

At its next meeting the board reacted to mounting pressure from the legislature and the public, voting to rescind its DuBois Club decision and disallow university approval for the club. The trustees attributed the reversal to “new evidence” brought forward by Stanton Millet. Faculty expressed severe disappointment and voted to condemn the action as Clabaugh crowed in Springfield. Tension in SACA between student-government types and SDS members caused the beginnings of a split. The meeting with Henry and SACA leaders proceeded as planned and was surprisingly amicable; however, frustration was mounting in the new student movement.
Students for Free Speech
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

At the next SACA rally the movement widened its scope, renaming itself Students for Free Speech (SFS), and published a manifesto that spoke of broader goals, including “human freedom.” The new group voted to invite Louis Diskin, an avowed member of the Communist Party, to speak on campus, though moderates expressed concern at the new direction. Student senators offered meeting space to the DuBois Club in their offices, violating university rules; in late March Diskin spoke to a crowd of thousands on the quad, yet despite all appearances the administration claimed the speech did not violate the Clabaugh Act.
Spring/Summer ’67: Women Rising
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

Student enrollment at the university was 2:1 male to female, as was the movement, and despite talk of equality, the campus movement was driven by white males who treated women poorly. Women spoke of their experiences in the movement and their treatment by males; SDS organizer Vivian Rothstein visited campus and raised women’s political awareness; Patsy Parker, a champion of women students’ issues, was elected first woman student-body president. A midnight women’s rally on the quad fell flat, and national SDS meetings failed to address women’s issues, while other issues such as ecology, black power, and racial justice expanded the movement’s focus.
Fall ’67: A Hectic Beginning
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

News broadcasts in summer 1967 were filled scenes of riots, burning cities, and National Guard troops. The peaceful civil rights movement had morphed into a demand for black power. Death totals were rising in Vietnam as the war intensified and became the central focus of the student movement. As the semester began, President Henry handed off Urbana campus management to Jack W. Peltason, the new chancellor. Millet announced looser women’s dorm rules, Steve Schmidt announced the opening of the Red Herring coffee shop, and Berkey, Durrett, and Fein, the primary campus-movement leaders, announced that SFS was disbanded--just as the Draft Resisters Union formed.
Draft Resisters Act
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

In early October the DRU voted to sit-in at the local draft board, and two members announced they’d burn their draft cards the day of the event. Herbert Gutowsky, Chemistry Department head, met with SDS and CEWV leaders on their Dow plans, advising a responsible approach. On the day of the sit-in, university faculty held a teach-in, Steve Schmidt and Rick Soderstrom burned their draft cards on the patio of the Union, and hundreds marched to the draft board, where ten protesters were arrested for sitting in. That evening, before Staughton Lynd spoke, bail money was collected for those in jail.
Spring ’69: Heating Up, but Not Boiling Over
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

Issues of race dominated the semester as black anger was on prominent display and white activists scrambled to provide support. Chicago Black Panthers visited the campus to speak, but a misunderstanding regarding a stipend caused white angst. The Vietnam War was not forgotten, as star footballer Mickey Hogan quit the sport and joined the activists, and the issue of violence became central to the student movement. The BSA made accusations of institutional racism against the university and white activists debated how to back them. With no appetite for sit-ins at this point, a march on the president’s house made do.
Spring ’70: The Final Semester
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

The last semester of the final year of the Illinois student movement began peacefully enough, but when the Illiac IV supercomputer project was announced with suggestions it might be used for nuclear weapons development, the RU and newly formed Faculty for University Reform (FUR) quickly protested. Two youths failed in an attempt to bomb the downtown Champaign police station and were caught within moments, but no one was caught when a firebomb was thrown into the Armory ROTC office. Dr. Benjamin Spock, famous baby doctor and antiwar activist, spoke on campus, disparaging the idea of violent revolution.
March: Patience Spent, the Storms Begin
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

Spring began with protests against defense contractor General Electric’s campus recruiting, and after an RU rally students turned violent, breaking windows in the building housing recruiters. Crowds massed in Green Street and police cleared them, but at night crowds again broke windows on the quad. The next day trustees canceled a William Kunstler speech; angry students stormed Green Street, breaking windows in several stores. Governor Ogilvie called out 750 National Guardsmen, every one needed to control crowds on a third night of rioting. Only a minority of students turned violent, but frustration was high.
May: The Final Month
Authors: Metz Michael V.
Published: January 2020

The end of the Illinois student movement came wrapped in the intertwined issues of the day, race and war, when first, a young black man named Edgar Hoults was fatally shot in the back by Champaign police, and then next day, President Richard Nixon announced an invasion of the sovereign state of Cambodia. Hoults was guilty of having an expired driver’s license, Cambodia of harboring North Vietnamese. Champaign community leaders demanded an explanation from police, U.S. congressmen demanded one from the president, and neither received satisfaction. Four days later Ohio National Guardsmen shot and killed four protesters at Kent State.
Breaking Silence
Authors: Alexander M. Jacqui , Guy-Sheftall Beverly
Published: January 2020

The coauthors of this chapter write about having obtained a grant from the Arcus Foundation to conceptualize a radical project to advance the equality of black GLBT students. They titled the project: “Facilitating Campus Climates of Pluralism, Inclusivity, and Progressive Change at HBCUs.” Writing about their vision of it in this chapter, the coauthors share the historically groundbreaking plan for the work they began together in 2006 to challenge “historical black colleges and universities” (HBCUs) in the United States to eradicate heteronormative and homophobic ideas of black identity. As an “introduction” to the aim and goals they sought to accomplish, these two esteemed black feminist scholars in women’s studies connect their project to Walker’s womanist concept of love for all LGBT black “Folk.”
On Becoming a Feminist
Authors: Byrd Rudolph P.
Published: January 2020

The author of this chapter writes about his childhood experience of domestic violence and the impact his mother’s life experiences would have upon him. In it he recalls one particular moment while witnessing his mother being physically abused by his father. Taking a bold stand of resistance, he remembers as an eleven-year-old boy “from that day to the last day of his [father’s] life . . . [he] would be at war with [him].” Yet, as the son of an abusive parent, the author states that this event would mark the beginning of his “commitment to feminism,” a stand against domestic violence. His mother became the first model of feminist identity in how she viewed herself, her independence, and the ways she maintained her family’s home. In sum, she taught him how to be a feminist. Additionally, as a college student, the author would come to read writings by noted pro-feminist female and male authors of varying races. He would be particularly influenced by the lives and works of Alice Walker, as well as Beverly Guy-Sheftall and bell hooks.
Remaking Oakland’s Streets
Authors: Lemon Robert
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines Mexican street food as a spatial practice that shapes the cultural landscape of Oakland, California. Community activist Emilia Otero fights for street food vendors’ right to occupy public space along city’s streets in East Oakland. She helps legitimize informal commerce in the Fruitvale district and paves the way for street food vendors to develop their businesses--from pushcarts and taco trucks to restaurants. The chapter calls attention to the friction that arises between the rationally planned city and the ways in which marginalized community groups live the city through their daily routines. It argues that remaking city streets to accommodate informal cultural practices is a way claim one’s right to the city.
Food, Fear, and Dreams
Authors: Lemon Robert
Published: January 2020

Chapter 7 takes a detailed look at how taco truck owners continually have to develop new ways of adapting spatially to the political and social dimensions of Columbus’s landscape. For most taco truck owners in the city, deportation is a legitimate business concern. Many taco truck owners fear confronting Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) while vending along city streets. Thus, taco truck owners use their mobility as a spatial strategy for survival in an uncertain and unsettling urban landscape. As taco truck owners navigate the social terrains of Columbus, they must modify their menus to their newfound community’s taste preferences. This is to say that food is spatial, and so the chapter makes an argument for the ways in which food evolves across space.
Introduction
Authors: Potter Susan
Published: January 2020

This chapter situates the book as a counter-history of the emergence of lesbian sexuality in early cinema. The study is described as a post-Foucauldian history of sexuality that aims to sustain the radical implications of Foucault’s foundational work in History of Sexuality: The Will to Knowledge, Volume 1. The chapter articulates the book’s approach in terms of queer historiography. One of its key strategies is the endeavor to suspend present-day sexual knowledges in the encounter with early films and other extrafilmic archival materials. To presume, at least before critical work commences, the sexual opacity of early cinema is to start from the position that the past is different from the present, particularly in terms of sexual subjectivity, but not to accede to a homophobic denial of the historical existence of same-sex desire or queer ways of living and being. The chapter explores the consequences of this approach for critical modes of identification, and queer articulations of historical time, in the context of recent debates concerning queer temporality.
Troubling Sexual History
Authors: Potter Susan
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers the critical, historical and cinematic temporalities that structure the sexual legibility of the lesbian character in Die Büchse der Pandora (dir. G. W. Pabst, Germany, 1929). The Countess Geschwitz has been apprehended as a particular kind of pathological, sexual, and erotic figure, even as the shifting discursive fields that render her intelligible have not been exactly commensurate or coherent across the decades of her dramatic creation and subsequent cinematic representation and reception. Paradoxically, any narrative of the emergence of lesbian representation in early cinema is problematized by the very sexual identity that such a narrative claims to historicize. The Countess turns out to be both modernlesbian, polymorphously perverse—and backward—sexual invert, romantic friend—her sexual legibility temporally desynchronized from any single or singular historical period. The temporally burdened figure of the Countess also indexes a critical disavowal of the historical accumulations that comprise all modern sexuality.
Finding a Voice
Authors: Stoner Andrew E.
Published: January 2020

Shilts’s journalistic “voice” begins to emerge. Shilts’s clash with David Goodstein comes to a head, with Shilts fired from The Advocate but later hired by KQED as a contributor to the “Newsroom” TV program. Shilts begins to address his personal alcohol abuse issues amidst lack of full-time employment but remains a daily marijuana user. Shilts’s TV journalism career covers election and subsequent assassination of Milk (along with Mayor George Moscone), and gay battle against Proposition 6. Shilts covered riots following the trial of convicted Milk-Moscone killer Dan White. Shilts’s relationship with KQED begins to erode as he struggles to master television journalism. Shilts gains scorn for connections to conservative Republican Senator John Briggs.
A Balancing Act for Shilts
Authors: Stoner Andrew E.
Published: January 2020

Shilts steps out as a spokesman against gay bathhouses, admitting he once patronized them himself. ACT-UP members focus their vitriol on Shilts, Shilts turns his criticism on ACT-UP tactics. Although tapped to host a public television special, “Wrestling with AIDS,” Shilts ends a prolific year of writing about AIDS by announcing he was leaving the beat at the start of 1990. Shilts criticizes “lavender fascists” involved with the National Gay & Lesbian Journalists Association. Shilts states opposition to outing unless under specific circumstances. Shilts keeps focus on elimination promiscuous sexual contact among gay men as a means to stop AIDS crisis.
Strike Up the Band
Authors: Stoner Andrew E.
Published: January 2020

Shilts begins work on And the Band Played On for St. Martin’s Press – despite an initial struggle to find a publisher for the work. Shilts tackles the complexity of writing about an ongoing infectious disease pandemic with an unknown ending. Shilts unveils his thesis that AIDS succeeded because of government neglect, gay leaders public relations concerns, and news media reluctance to cover gay-related issues. Shilts employs “new journalism” techniques to tell the story of AIDS including reconstructed dialogue and internal thoughts. Shilts learns of the existence of a gay man infected with HIV still sexually active. Shilts uncovers and misinterprets the first “cluster study” on KS victims in southern California. Initial criticism of Shilts for “Patient Zero” concept raised.
The Sum of Zero
Authors: Stoner Andrew E.
Published: January 2020

Shilts and book editor Michael Denneny make controversial decisions about how to get And the Band Played On properly promoted and reviewed. The New York Post’s screaming headline about “Patient Zero” sets in motion worldwide publicity for the concept that one man, Gaetan Dugas, was responsible for spreading AIDS in North America. Shilts’s review of Dr. William Darrow’s cluster study of gay men in Los Angeles proves faulty, although mainstream journalism quickly goes with the “Patient Zero” concept and Shilts is quickly cast as a national expert on HIV-AIDS. Shilts unveils his “AIDS was allowed to happen” posit. A subsequent review of Shilts’s work is mostly critical, particularly from LGBT sources who fault Shilts for allegedly scapegoating Dugas.
Illinois and the Legacy of Antebellum Racist Violence
Authors: Campney Brent M. S.
Published: January 2020

This chapter analyzes the lynching of Joseph Spencer, a successful black businessman, by a mob in Cairo, Illinois, in 1854, and the armed resistance that he mounted against the mob—shooting several white men—before succumbing to its brutality. To achieve these objectives, it situates the Spencer lynching within the larger historical context of race relations and racist violence in antebellum southern Illinois. It then speculates on the implications of the Cairo lynching for the subsequent history of racist violence in Illinois and for the historiography of mob violence in the Midwest more generally.
Indiana during Reconstruction
Authors: Campney Brent M. S.
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the response of whites in Indiana to the influx of blacks from the South and their concentration within the state during Reconstruction. First, it examines white efforts to subordinate blacks, especially during the surges of racist violence which marked the beginning and end of this period. Second, it explores the motivations for this violence, particularly its overtly political nature during the Exodus of 1879-1880, when a surge of southern blacks threatened, whites feared, to tip the electoral balance between Republicans and Democrats. Third, it analyzes the geographical patterns associated with this violence, including the proliferation of sundown towns. Finally, it assesses the implications of this violence for the history of Indiana and situates it in the historiography of the Midwest generally.
“Peace as a World Race Problem”
Authors: Enyeart John P.
Published: January 2020

At the end of World War II, Louis Adamic joined other antifascists in arguing that although the Axis Powers would be defeated, its fascist ethic would live on. A true democratic victory included committing to racial and ethnic justice at home and abroad, expanding workers’ rights, and establishing the right of nations to self-determination. Adamic attempted to advance his beliefs by working on former vice president Henry Wallace’s 1948 bid for president on the Progressive party ticket, going on lecture tours with Paul Robeson, and battling anticommunists, especially Catholics. Adamic’s ties to Josip Broz Tito and W. E. B. DuBois as well as his broader anticolonialist outlook, which included his view that white supremacy threatened the world, are key features of this chapter.