bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derivation of neural stem cells from an animal model of psychiatric disease
Authors: de Koning A , Walton N M , Shin R , Chen Q , Miyake S , Tajinda K , Gross A K , Kogan J H , Heusner C L , Tamura K , Matsumoto M
Published: November 2013

Several psychiatric and neurological diseases are associated with altered hippocampal neurogenesis, suggesting differing neural stem cell (NSC) function may play a critical role in these diseases. To investigate the role of resident NSCs in a murine model of psychiatric disease, we sought to isolate and characterize NSCs from alpha-calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II heterozygous knockout (CaMK2α-hKO) mice, a model of schizophrenia/bipolar disorder. These mice display altered neurogenesis, impaired neuronal development and are part of a larger family possessing phenotypic and behavioral correlates of schizophrenia/bipolar disorder and a shared pathology referred to as the immature dentate gyrus (iDG). The extent to which NSCs contribute to iDG pathophysiology remains unclear. To address this, we established heterogeneous cultures of NSCs isolated from the hippocampal neuropoietic niche. When induced to differentiate, CaMK2α-hKO-derived NSCs recapitulate organotypic hippocampal neurogenesis, but generate larger numbers of immature neurons than wild-type (WT) littermates. Furthermore, mutant neurons fail to assume mature phenotypes (including morphology and MAP2/calbindin expression) at the same rate observed in WT counterparts. The increased production of immature neurons which fail to mature indicates that this reductionist model retains key animal- and iDG-specific maturational deficits observed in animal models and human patients. This is doubly significant, as these stem cells lack several developmental inputs present in vivo. Interestingly, NSCs were isolated from animals prior to the emergence of overt iDG pathophysiology, suggesting mutant NSCs may possess lasting intrinsic alterations and that altered NSC function may contribute to iDG pathophysiology in adult animals.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in polymer science
Authors: Wöll Dominik
Published: November 2013

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) investigations to study the structure and dynamics in polymer systems are reviewed and discussed.
Aquifer heterogeneity and response time: the challenge for groundwater management
Authors: Kelly B. F. J. , Timms W. A. , Andersen M. S. , McCallum A. M. , Blakers R. S. , Smith R. , Rau G. C. , Badenhop A. , Ludowici K. , Acworth R. I.
Published: November 2013

Groundwater is an important contributor to irrigation water supplies. The time lag between withdrawal and the subsequent impacts on the river corridor presents a challenge for water management. We highlight aspects of this challenge by examining trends in the groundwater levels and changes in groundwater management goals for the Namoi Catchment, which is within the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia. The first high-volume irrigation bore was installed in the cotton-growing districts in the Namoi Catchment in 1966. The development of high-yielding bores made accessible a vast new water supply, enabling cotton growers to buffer the droughts. Prior to the development of a groundwater resource it is difficult to accurately predict how the water at the point of withdrawal is hydraulically connected to recharge zones and nearby surface-water features. This is due to the heterogeneity of the sediments from which the water is withdrawn. It can take years or decades for the impact of groundwater withdrawal to be transmitted kilometres through the aquifer system. We present the analysis of both historical and new groundwater level and streamflow data to quantify the impacts of extensive groundwater withdrawals on the watertable, hydraulic gradients within the semi-confined aquifers, and the movement of water between rivers and aquifers. The results highlight the need to monitor the impacts of irrigated agriculture at both the regional and local scales, and the need for additional research on how to optimise the conjunctive use of both surface-water and groundwater to sustain irrigated agriculture while minimising the impact on groundwater-dependent ecosystems.
Leaf oxalate content of Eucalyptus spp. and its implications for koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with oxalate nephrosis
Authors: Speight K. N. , Breed W. G. , Boardman W. , Taggart D. A. , Leigh C. , Rich B. , Haynes J. I.
Published: November 2013

Oxalate nephrosis is a leading disease of the Mount Lofty Ranges koala population in South Australia, but the cause is unclear. In other herbivorous species, a common cause is high dietary oxalate; therefore this study aimed to determine the oxalate content of eucalypt leaves. Juvenile, semimature and mature leaves were collected during spring from eucalypt species eaten by koalas in the Mount Lofty Ranges and compared with those from Moggill, Queensland, where oxalate nephrosis has lower prevalence. Total oxalate was measured as oxalic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. The oxalate content of eucalypts was low (<1% dry weight), but occasional Mount Lofty leaf samples had oxalate levels of 4.68–7.51% dry weight. Mount Lofty eucalypts were found to be higher in oxalate than those from Queensland (P < 0.001). In conclusion, dietary oxalate in eucalypt leaves is unlikely to be the primary cause of oxalate nephrosis in the Mount Lofty koala population. However, occasional higher oxalate levels could cause oxalate nephrosis in individual koalas or worsen disease in those already affected. Further studies on the seasonal variation of eucalypt leaf oxalate are needed to determine its role in the pathogenesis of oxalate nephrosis in koalas.
Glycolysis supports embryonic muscle growth by promoting myoblast fusion
Authors: Tixier Vanessa , Bataillé Laetitia , Etard Christelle , Jagla Teresa , Weger Meltem , DaPonte Jean Philippe , Strähle Uwe , Dickmeis Thomas , Jagla Krzysztof
Published: November 2013

Significance

We report that glycolytic genes are synchronously activated in midembryogenesis in developing
Drosophila
muscles and that muscle-targeted attenuation of their expression leads to reduced muscle size and the presence of unfused myoblasts. Importantly, a “thin muscle” phenotype is also observed in fast muscle fibers of
pgam2
zebrafish morphants, strongly suggesting a conserved role of glycolysis in promoting myoblast fusion-based muscle growth. We also show that insulin positively regulates glycolysis and that blocking the insulin pathway phenocopies the loss of function phenotypes of glycolytic genes, leading to myoblast fusion arrest and reduced muscle size. These findings led us to propose that setting metabolism to glycolysis-based high-rate biomass production is part of a core myogenic program that promotes formation of syncytial muscles.
Lamins regulate cell trafficking and lineage maturation of adult human hematopoietic cells
Authors: Shin Jae-Won , Spinler Kyle R. , Swift Joe , Chasis Joel A. , Mohandas Narla , Discher Dennis E.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Comparing human blood cell types, nuclear diversity is visually striking but unexplained: quasi-spherical nuclei in stem/progenitor cells and T cells contrast with multilobed nuclei in neutrophils, giant nuclei in megakaryocytes, and anuclear erythrocytes. We hypothesized broad roles for the major nuclear structure proteins—lamins—and developed mass spectrometry-calibrated intracellular flow cytometry to quantify lamin-A:B ratios. This ratio controls both nuclear viscoelasticity and cell trafficking across microporous barriers. High A:B rigidifies erythroblast nuclei to favor marrow retention and also enhances erythropoiesis. Intermediate A:B enhances thrombopoiesis and opposes cell division to favor marrow anchorage of megakaryocytes. Human stem/progenitor cells have moderate lamin levels and reside in marrow whereas white cells are favored by low lamins and predominantly circulate.
A role for cortical nNOS/NK1 neurons in coupling homeostatic sleep drive to EEG slow wave activity
Authors: Morairty Stephen R. , Dittrich Lars , Pasumarthi Ravi K. , Valladao Daniel , Heiss Jaime E. , Gerashchenko Dmitry , Kilduff Thomas S.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Sleep is a homeostatically regulated process. Slow wave sleep is characterized by slow waves detectable from the cerebral cortex by EEG. When homeostatic sleep “drive” is manipulated by varying durations of sleep deprivation, the intensity of EEG slow waves proportionally increases. The neural circuitry underlying this homeostatic response is little understood. In this study we describe a systematic relationship between homeostatic sleep drive and activation of cortical neurons that express neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). We also find that transgenic mice lacking nNOS have a greatly diminished response to sleep deprivation. We conclude that cortical nNOS neurons and nNOS enzymatic activity are likely involved in the homeostatic regulation of slow wave sleep.
Glycogenomics as a mass spectrometry-guided genome-mining method for microbial glycosylated molecules
Authors: Kersten Roland D. , Ziemert Nadine , Gonzalez David J. , Duggan Brendan M. , Nizet Victor , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Moore Bradley S.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Glycosyl groups function as essential chemical mediators of molecular interactions in cells and on cellular surfaces. Microbes integrate carbohydrates into secondary metabolism to produce glycosylated natural products (GNPs) that may function in chemical communication and defense. Many glycosylated metabolites are important pharmaceutical agents. Herein, we introduce glycogenomics as a new genome-mining method that links metabolomics and genomics for the rapid identification and characterization of bioactive microbial GNPs. Glycogenomics identifies glycosyl groups in microbial metabolomes by tandem mass spectrometry and links this chemical signature through a glycogenetic code to glycosylation genes in a microbial genome. As a proof of principle, we report the discovery of arenimycin B from a marine actinobacterium as a new antibiotic active against multidrug-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
.
Subnuclear relocalization and silencing of a chromosomal region by an ectopic ribosomal DNA repeat
Authors: Jakočiūnas Tadas , Domange Jordö Marie , Aït Mebarek Mazhoura , Bünner Camilla Marie , Verhein-Hansen Janne , Oddershede Lene B. , Thon Geneviève
Published: November 2013

Significance

Current models propose that in eukaryotes the expression of a gene and its ability to recombine depend on whether regulatory factors or enzymes are present in the same subnuclear compartment as the gene. Nucleoprotein complexes might thereby modulate expression or recombination by conditionally tethering the regions they control to subnuclear compartments. Our research examines this type of spatial effect in fission yeast, showing how an ectopic ribosomal DNA repeat silences the chromosomal region in which it is integrated by relocalizing it to the perinucleolar space. Silencing of the relocalized region proceeds through heterochromatin formation and a redundant mechanism, plausibly antisense transcription. These observations establish fission yeast as a model system to investigate perinucleolar silencing, an evolutionarily conserved but poorly understood phenomenon.
MCPIP1 restricts HIV infection and is rapidly degraded in activated CD4+ T cells
Authors: Liu Shufeng , Qiu Chao , Miao Ruidong , Zhou Jianhua , Lee Aram , Liu Baoming , Lester Sandra N. , Fu Weihui , Zhu Lingyan , Zhang Linxia , Xu Jianqing , Fan Daping , Li Kui , Fu Mingui , Wang Tianyi
Published: November 2013

Significance

Here, we present data showing that monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) acts as an RNase to limit HIV-1 production in resting CD4+ T cells. Unlike those previously identified factors with restrictions that tend to be overcome by virally encoded proteins, MCPIP1 becomes rapidly degraded on activation of human CD4+ T cells. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of cellular activation-mediated HIV-1 production in CD4+ T cells and represent a breakthrough in the relevant field.
Improved tumor oxygenation and survival in glioblastoma patients who show increased blood perfusion after cediranib and chemoradiation
Authors: Batchelor Tracy T. , Gerstner Elizabeth R. , Emblem Kyrre E. , Duda Dan G. , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Snuderl Matija , Ancukiewicz Marek , Polaskova Pavlina , Pinho Marco C. , Jennings Dominique , Plotkin Scott R. , Chi Andrew S. , Eichler April F. , Dietrich Jorg , Hochberg Fred H. , Lu-Emerson Christine , Iafrate A. John , Ivy S. Percy , Rosen Bruce R. , Loeffler Jay S. , Wen Patrick Y. , Sorensen A. Greg , Jain Rakesh K.
Published: November 2013

Significance

This study demonstrates that antiangiogenic therapy increases tumor blood perfusion in a subset of newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients, and that it is these patients who survive longer when this expensive and potentially toxic therapy is combined with standard radiation and chemotherapy. This study provides fresh insights into the selection of glioblastoma patients most likely to benefit from antiangiogenic treatments.
Application of user-guided automated cytometric data analysis to large-scale immunoprofiling of invariant natural killer T cells
Authors: Hu Xinli , Kim Hyun , Brennan Patrick J. , Han Buhm , Baecher-Allan Clare M. , De Jager Philip L. , Brenner Michael B. , Raychaudhuri Soumya
Published: November 2013

Significance

Multimarker cytometry technologies, including cytometry by time of flight, are rapidly advancing and will soon produce large sets of rich immunoprofiling data. Here, we introduce X-Cyt, an automated cytometric data analysis tool for large-scale studies. Unlike existing software intended for exploratory analysis, it specializes in identifying populations of interest in large sample numbers. X-Cyt incorporates user guidance to allow customizable and targeted analysis, as well as template-guided partitioning to enable rapid batch processing. In this study, we demonstrate its performance in three data sets. With its versatility, reproducibility, and speed of analysis, as well as user-customized flexible analytical scheme, X-Cyt will certainly become a valuable tool for future cytometry-based profiling studies.
Regulation of OSR1 and the sodium, potassium, two chloride cotransporter by convergent signals
Authors: Sengupta Samarpita , Lorente-Rodríguez Andrés , Earnest Svetlana , Stippec Steve , Guo Xiaofeng , Trudgian David C. , Mirzaei Hamid , Cobb Melanie H.
Published: November 2013

Significance

With no lysine [K] (WNK) protein kinases are sensitive to changes in osmotic stress. Through the downstream protein kinases oxidative stress-responsive 1 (OSR1) and STE20/SPS1-related proline-, alanine-rich kinase, WNKs regulate a family of ion cotransporters and thereby modulate a range of processes including cell volume homeostasis, blood pressure, hearing, and kidney function. We found that a major phosphoinositide 3-kinase target pathway, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2, also phosphorylates OSR1, coordinating with WNK1 to enhance OSR1 and ion cotransporter function.
Assembly factors for the membrane arm of human complex I
Authors: Andrews Byron , Carroll Joe , Ding Shujing , Fearnley Ian M. , Walker John E.
Published: November 2013

Significance

Mammalian complex I, the largest and most complicated enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is an L-shaped assembly of 44 proteins with one arm in the mitochondrial matrix and the orthogonal arm buried in the inner membrane. It is put together from preassembled modules. This investigation concerns the little studied process of the assembly of the membrane arm module from proteins emanating from both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. We have identified two membrane protein assembly factors C3orf1 and TMEM126B, not found in the mature complex, that help this process by putting together two membrane arm subcomplexes. Defects in the assembly of complex I are increasingly being associated with human pathologies.
Mind the ‘gap year’: a critical discourse analysis of volunteer tourism promotional material
Authors: Calkin Sydney
Published: November 2013

The volunteer tourism program (VTP) is a popular form of travel for young tourists in which adventure travel is paired with short-term ‘volunteer’ placements in host communities around the countries of the global South. VTPs are now a routine mode of travel or pre-university ‘training’ for wealthy young people from across North America and Western Europe and exist outside of any historical or political context. They promise adventure travel, altruistic volunteer experiences, and an authentic experience of the other, whom the volunteer can help to transform. If not for the long history of intervention and domination that normalizes this new incarnation of the ‘civilizing mission’, the knowledge claims and authority asserted by the VTP would hardly appear so acceptable. The VTP exists in a cultural blind spot made possible by North–South relations structured on intervention and transformation of the other. This paper critically examines the promotional discourses of VTP providers and identifies the discursive strategies employed to normalize, encode, and legitimate the practice of volunteer intervention. VTP discourses legitimate volunteer intervention through representations of the host community that imagine poverty and authenticity as presenting a need for volunteers and through constructions of a volunteer identity that allows for travel outside of political and historical contexts. I suggest that the VTP can best be understood as a manifestation of continuing patterns of exploitation and domination of the global South, whereby VTP intervention discursively positions itself as ‘innocent’ of the very historical and political trends that make it possible.
Identification of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) as an instructive factor for human epidermal Langerhans cell differentiation
Authors: Yasmin Nighat , Bauer Thomas , Modak Madhura , Wagner Karin , Schuster Christopher , Köffel Rene , Seyerl Maria , Stöckl Johannes , Elbe-Bürger Adelheid , Graf Daniel , Strobl Herbert
Published: November 2013

Human Langerhans cell (LC) precursors populate the epidermis early during prenatal development and thereafter undergo massive proliferation. The prototypic antiproliferative cytokine TGF-β1 is required for LC differentiation from human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and blood monocytes in vitro. Similarly, TGF-β1 deficiency results in LC loss in vivo. However, immunohistology studies revealed that human LC niches in early prenatal epidermis and adult basal (germinal) keratinocyte layers lack detectable TGF-β1. Here we demonstrated that these LC niches express high levels of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) and that Bmp7-deficient mice exhibit substantially diminished LC numbers, with the remaining cells appearing less dendritic. BMP7 induces LC differentiation and proliferation by activating the BMP type-I receptor ALK3 in the absence of canonical TGF-β1–ALK5 signaling. Conversely, TGF-β1–induced in vitro LC differentiation is mediated via ALK3; however, co-induction of ALK5 diminished TGF-β1–driven LC generation. Therefore, selective ALK3 signaling by BMP7 promotes high LC yields. Within epidermis, BMP7 shows an inverse expression pattern relative to TGF-β1, the latter induced in suprabasal layers and up-regulated in outer layers. We observed that TGF-β1 inhibits microbial activation of BMP7-generated LCs. Therefore, TGF-β1 in suprabasal/outer epidermal layers might inhibit LC activation, resulting in LC network maintenance.
Representations of infinitesimal Cherednik algebras
Authors: Ding Fengning , Tsymbaliuk Alexander
Published: November 2013

Infinitesimal Cherednik algebras are continuous analogues of rational Cherednik algebras, and in the case of

g
l

n

\mathfrak {gl}_n

, are deformations of universal enveloping algebras of the Lie algebras

s
l

n
+
1

\mathfrak {sl}_{n+1}

. In the first half of this paper, we compute the determinant of the Shapovalov form, enabling us to classify all irreducible finite dimensional representations of

H
ζ

(

g
l

n

)

H_\zeta (\mathfrak {gl}_n)

. In the second half, we investigate Poisson-analogues of the infinitesimal Cherednik algebras and generalize various results to

H
ζ

(

s
p

2
n

)

H_\zeta (\mathfrak {sp}_{2n})

, including Kostant’s theorem.
Pattern formation in the geosciences
Authors: Goehring Lucas
Published: November 2013

Pattern formation is a natural property of nonlinear and non-equilibrium dynamical systems. Geophysical examples of such systems span practically all observable length scales, from rhythmic banding of chemical species within a single mineral crystal, to the morphology of cusps and spits along hundreds of kilometres of coastlines. This article briefly introduces the general principles of pattern formation and argues how they can be applied to open problems in the Earth sciences. Particular examples are then discussed, which summarize the contents of the rest of this Theme Issue.
Evolving fracture patterns: columnar joints, mud cracks and polygonal terrain
Authors: Goehring Lucas
Published: November 2013

When cracks form in a thin contracting layer, they sequentially break the layer into smaller and smaller pieces. A rectilinear crack pattern encodes information about the order of crack formation, as later cracks tend to intersect with earlier cracks at right angles. In a hexagonal pattern, in contrast, the angles between all cracks at a vertex are near 120°. Hexagonal crack patterns are typically seen when a crack network opens and heals repeatedly, in a thin layer, or advances by many intermittent steps into a thick layer. Here, it is shown how both types of pattern can arise from identical forces, and how a rectilinear crack pattern can evolve towards a hexagonal one. Such an evolution is expected when cracks undergo many opening cycles, where the cracks in any cycle are guided by the positions of cracks in the previous cycle but when they can slightly vary their position and order of opening. The general features of this evolution are outlined and compared with a review of the specific patterns of contraction cracks in dried mud, polygonal terrain, columnar joints and eroding gypsum–sand cements.
Instability and finite-amplitude self-organization of large-scale coastline shapes
Authors: Murray A. Brad , Ashton Andrew D.
Published: November 2013

Recent research addresses the formation of patterns on sandy coastlines on alongshore scales that are large compared with the cross-shore extent of active sediment transport. A simple morphodynamic instability arises from the feedback between wave-driven alongshore sediment flux and coastline shape. Coastline segments with different orientations experience different alongshore sediment fluxes, so that curvatures in coastline shape drive gradients in sediment flux, which can augment the shoreline curvatures. In a simple numerical model, this instability, and subsequent finite-amplitude interactions between pattern elements, lead to a wide range of different rhythmic shapes and behaviours—ranging from symmetric cuspate capes and bays to alongshore migrating ‘flying spits’—depending on the characteristics of the input wave forcing. The scale of the pattern coarsens in some cases because of the merger of migrating coastline features, and in other cases because of non-local screening interactions between coastline protrusions, which affect the waves reaching other parts of the coastline. Features growing on opposite sides of an enclosed water body mutually affect the waves reaching each other in ways that lead to the segmentation of elongated water bodies. Initial tests of model predictions and comparison with observations suggest that modes of pattern formation in the model are relevant in nature.
ORF7-encoded accessory protein 7a of feline infectious peritonitis virus as a counteragent against IFN-α-induced antiviral response
Authors: Dedeurwaerder Annelike , Olyslaegers Dominique A. J. , Desmarets Lowiese M. B. , Roukaerts Inge D. M. , Theuns Sebastiaan , Nauwynck Hans J.
Published: November 2013

The type I IFN-mediated immune response is the first line of antiviral defence. Coronaviruses, like many other viruses, have evolved mechanisms to evade this innate response, ensuring their survival. Several coronavirus accessory genes play a central role in these pathways, but for feline coronaviruses this has never to our knowledge been studied. As it has been demonstrated previously that ORF7 is essential for efficient replicationin vitroand virulencein vivoof feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), the role of this ORF in the evasion of the IFN-α antiviral response was investigated. Deletion of ORF7 from FIPV strain 79-1146 (FIPV-Δ7) rendered the virus more susceptible to IFN-α treatment. Given that ORF7 encodes two proteins, 7a and 7b, it was further explored which of these proteins is active in this mechanism. Providing 7a proteinin transrescued the mutant FIPV-Δ7 from IFN sensitivity, which was not achieved by addition of 7b protein. Nevertheless, addition of protein 7a to FIPV-Δ3Δ7, a FIPV mutant deleted in both ORF3 and ORF7, could no longer increase the replication capacity of this mutant in the presence of IFN. These results indicate that FIPV 7a protein is a type I IFN antagonist and protects the virus from the antiviral state induced by IFN, but it needs the presence of ORF3-encoded proteins to exert its antagonistic function.
Whole genome analysis of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus identified limited genome constellations and preferential reassortment
Authors: Anbalagan Srivishnupriya , Cooper Elyse , Klumper Pat , Simonson Randy R. , Hause Ben M.
Published: November 2013

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a Culicoides transmitted orbivirus that causes haemorrhagic disease in wild and domestic ruminants. A collection of 44 EHDV isolated from 2008 to 2012 was fully sequenced and analysed phylogenetically. Serotype 2 viruses were the dominant serotype all years except 2012 when serotype 6 viruses represented 63 % of the isolates. High genetic similarity (>94 % identity) between serotype 1 and 2 virus VP1, VP3, VP4, VP6, NS1, NS2 and NS3 segments prevented identification of reassortment events for these segments. Additionally, there was little genetic diversity (>96 % identity) within serotypes for VP2, VP5 and VP7. Preferential reassortment within the homologous serotype was observed for VP2, VP5 and VP7 segments for type 1 and type 2 viruses. In contrast, type 6 viruses were all reassortants containing VP2 and VP5 derived from an exotic type 6 with the remaining segments most similar to type 2 viruses. These results suggest that reassortment between type 1 and type 2 viruses requires conservation of the VP2, VP5 and VP7 segment constellation while type 6 viruses only require VP2 and VP5 and are restricted to type 2-lineage VP7. As type 6 VP2 and VP5 segments were exclusively identified in viruses with type 2-derived VP7, these results suggest functional complementation between type 2 and type 6 VP7 proteins.
Venlafaxine besylate monohydrate
Authors: Corvalan Carolina H. , Vega Daniel R.
Published: November 2013

The title compound {systematic name: [2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]dimethylazanium benzenesulfonate monohydrate}, C17H28NO2+·C6H5O3S−·H2O, is a besylate salt hydrate of the antidepressant drug venlafaxine. In the crystal, besylate anions and water molecules self-assemble, forming hydrogen-bonded dimers linked around inversion centers, with graph setR44(6). The crystal packing features a chain of alternate dimers and venlafaxine cations in theb-axis direction with the components linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...O and C—H...π interactions. This is the first example of a venlafaxine cation with a closed conformation, as it features an intramolecular N—H...O interaction involving the protonated N atom.
4-Ethoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
Authors: Leka Zorica , Novaković Sladjana B. , Bogdanović Goran A. , Muškinja Jovana , Vukićević Rastko D.
Published: November 2013

In the title compound, C10H12O3, all non-H atoms are approximately coplanar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.046 Å. In the crystal, very weak C—H...O interactions link the molecules into sheets parallel to (101).
Ethyl 2-[6-(4-methylbenzoyl)-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizin-5-yl]-2-oxoacetate
Authors: Zhong Jia-liang , Sun Wen-xia , Zhang Fu-li , Liu Li-hong , Liu He
Published: November 2013

In the title compound, C25H23NO4, the pyrrolizine ring is approximately planar with an r.m.s deviation from planarity of 0.0053 Å, while the fused dihydropyrrolizine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom connected to two CH2as the flap. The dihedral angles between the fused ring system and the phenyl and methylbenzoyl rings are 41.65 (11) and 66.30 (8)°, respectively. In the crystal, weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions occur. One molecule is linked to five adjacent ones through eight hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.
2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine
Authors: Singh Govind Pratap , Rajesh Goud N. , Jeevan Kumar P. , Sundaresan C. N. , Nageswara Rao G.
Published: November 2013

In the title compound, C6H6BrNO, the Br atom is displaced from the pyridine ring mean plane by 0.0948 (3) Å, while the hydroxyl O atom and the methyl C atom are displaced by 0.0173 (19) and 0.015 (3) Å, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaO—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along thea-axis direction. These chains are linked by C—H...Br hydrogen bonds, forming corrugated two-dimensional networks lying parallel to theacplane.
EthylN-(3-cyano-1H-indol-2-yl)formimidate
Authors: Ruchun Yang , Hui Zhang , BanPeng Cao
Published: November 2013

In the title compound, C12H11N3O, the C=N imino bond is in anEconformation. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked by N–H...Ncyanohydrogen bonds, forming a chain running along [110].
(2-{[4-(Chloridomercuryl)phenyl]iminomethyl}pyridine-κ2N,N′)diiodidomercury(II) dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate
Authors: Basu Baul Tushar S. , Longkumer Imliwati , Ng Seik Weng , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: November 2013

The title dimethyl sulfoxide solvate, [Hg2(C12H9ClN2)I2]·C2H6OS, features tetrahedrally and linearly coordinated HgIIatoms. The distorted tetrahedral coordination sphere is defined by chelating N atoms that define an acute angle [69.6 (3)°] and two I atoms that form a wide angle [142.80 (4)°]. The linearly coordinated HgIIatom [177.0 (4)°] exists with a donor set defined by C and Cl atoms. Secondary interactions are apparent in the crystal packing with the tetrahedrally and linearly coordinated HgIIatoms expanding their coordination environments by forming weak Hg...I [3.772 (7) Å] and Hg...O [2.921 (12) Å] interactions, respectively. Mercury-containing molecules stack along theaaxis, are connected by π–π interactions [inter-centroid distance between pyridine and benzene rings = 3.772 (7) Å] and define channels in which the dimethyl sulfoxide molecules reside. The latter are connected by the aforementioned Hg...O interactions as well as C—H...I and C—H...O interactions, resulting in a three-dimensional architecture.
(3-Methylbenzonitrile-κN)tetrakis(μ-N-phenylacetamidato)-κ4N:O;κ4O:N-dirhodium(II)(Rh—Rh)
Authors: Eagle Cassandra T. , Atem-Tambe Nkongho , Kpogo Kenneth K. , Tan Jennie , Quarshie Fredricka
Published: November 2013

In the title compound, [Rh2(C8H8NO)4(C8H7N)], the four acetamidate ligands bridging the dirhodium core are arranged in a 2,2-transmanner. One RhIIatom is five-coordinate, in a distorted pyramidal geometry, while the other is six-coordinate, with a disorted octahedral geometry. For the six-coordinate RhIIatom, the axial nitrile ligand shows a non-linear Rh–nitrile coordination with an Rh—N—C bond angle of 166.4 (4)° and a nitrile N—C bond length of 1.138 (6) Å. Each unique RhIIatom is coordinated by atranspair of N atoms and atranspair of O atoms from the four acetamide ligands. The Neq—Rh—Rh—Oeqtorsion angles on the acetamide bridge varies between 12.55 (11) and 14.04 (8)°. In the crystal, the 3-methylbenzonitrile ring shows a π–π interaction with an inversion-related equivalent [interplanar spacing = 3.360 (6) Å]. A phenyl ring on one of the acetamide ligands also has a face-to-face π–π interaction with an inversion-related equivalent [interplanar spacing = 3.416 (5) Å].
A facile heating cell forin situtransmittance and fluorescence X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigations
Authors: An Pengfei , Hong Caihao , Zhang Jing , Xu Wei , Hu Tiandou
Published: November 2013

A facile heating cell has been designed forin situtransmittance and fluorescence X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements up to 1273 K under vacuum or an inert atmosphere. These high temperatures are achieved using a tantalum heating element by ohmic heating. Because of the small specific heat capacity, the temperature can be changed in a matter of minutes from room temperature to high temperature. Furthermore, a commercial power controller was adapted to provide stable temperature control. The construction of the heat shielding system provides a novel approach to reducing the beam's path length and the cell's size. The cell is inexpensive and easy to build. Its performance was evaluated byin situXAS measurements of the temperature-dependent structure of ceria nanocrystals. Some preliminary results for the structural mechanism in ceria nanocrystal redox applications are given.
Optimal capital structure: case of SOE versus private listed corporation
Authors: Zhengwei Wang
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether corporate ownership affects corporate capital structure. This study also seeks to find out whether there is difference in dynamics of the capital structure between these two groups of firms.

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on panel data of China's listed firms from 1998 to 2007, this paper employs a static empirical model to validate the difference in capital structure between these two groups of firms, and then, a dynamic empirical model is used to explore the dynamic adjustment of the capital structure.

Findings

– The empirical results show that there is structural difference in static capital structure between state-owned and private listed firms. Further study results tell us that the adjustment to an optimal capital structure is to be faster for the private firm than for the state-owned firm.

Practical implications

– The findings suggest that compared with state-owned firms, private firms face higher financial friction in financing activities, but have more incentive to adjust toward optimal capital structure to maximize the shareholders' benefit. This study offers insights to corporate managers interested in privatization, when a state-owned firm is privatized, that firm becomes subject to the disciplining forces of the market and more active to pursue maximum market value of the firm, thus the adjustment to an optimal capital structure to be faster for private firm than for state-owned firm.

Originality/value

– This paper for the first time looks at the influence of ownership on capital structure, from both static and dynamic perspective. And this study is helpful for regulators, and corporate managers to understand the corporate financial management behavior.
A narrative approach to delivering bad news in organizations: effective or not?
Authors: Carriger Michael
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present empirical evidence for the use of narrative to deliver bad news within an organization, specifically bad news about layoffs. The attempt is to extend previous empirical work, using narrative by senior leadership to convey corporate strategy, to a different leadership challenge and further explicate a model for understanding the effectiveness of narrative as a leadership communication tool.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper presents further original research on the effectiveness of narrative as a leadership tool. And theoretical implications for leaders seeking effective communication tools are explored.

Findings

– Data presented to substantiate that narrative use, as opposed to a PowerPoint style, bulleted list approach, for delivering bad news, an impending layoff, is not effective at producing a clear understanding of the reasons for the layoff, confidence in subjects understanding of these reasons, or the belief in the honesty and integrity of the leader delivering this narrative. However, narrative presentation of an impending layoff is more effective at limiting the negative behavior impact of the message, by decreasing the subjects’ reported likelihood that they would be seeking another job and increasing the subjects’ reported likelihood that they believe the company can be righted after the layoff.

Originality/value

– Compared to the limited previous research on the effectiveness of narrative as opposed to a traditional PowerPoint style, bulleted list, as a leadership communication tool, the present research indicates that narrative use may be more nuanced and complicated than previously thought. Implications for the practical use of narrative and PowerPoint style, bulleted lists of information as leadership communications tools are considered.
Developing a measure of competitive advantage
Authors: Sigalas Christos , Pekka Economou Victoria , B. Georgopoulos Nikolaos
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to attempt to develop a measure of competitive advantage by identifying a stipulative definition, composing an operational definition and constructing a measurement variable.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper undertakes critical literature review, cognitive interviews as well as a pilot and full study, which were carried out by applying a cross-sectional, self-administered e-mail survey with questionnaire in a fillable text-processing file, in order to develop a valid and reliable measure of competitive advantage.

Findings

– The results have led to the identification of a conceptually robust stipulative definition, the composition of a comprehensive operational definition and the construction of a qualified variable, making the development of a valid and reliable measure of competitive advantage possible.

Research limitations/implications

– The newly developed measure of competitive advantage, exempt from past conceptual problems, could be used for valid measurements in future empirical studies in the field of strategic management. At the same time, authors encourage future tests of the newly developed measure's reliability and validity.

Practical implications

– The provision of a conceptually clear stipulating definition and a comprehensive operational definition for competitive advantage could increase practicing managers’ awareness relating to the conceptual nature as well as the latent expressions of competitive advantage.

Originality/value

– The findings contribute to the evolution of the strategic management field by providing a valid and reliable measure of competitive advantage that is applicable under any leading theoretical perspective in strategic management and it could better serve the needs of both empirical research and management practice.
Bibliometric analysis of Library Review from 2007 to 2011
Authors: Swain Chandrakanta , K. Swain Dillip , Rautaray Bijayalaxmi
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– This paper aims to examine the scholarly communications in Library Review (LR) from 2007 to 2011 and to reveal key aspects of its publication trends.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study analyses five volumes of LR from the year 2007 to 2011 and employs the required bibliometric measures to analyze specific aspects of publishing trends of LR for the stated period.

Findings

– The study finds that single authored articles occupy the prominent position indicating the supremacy of solo research in LR. The degree of collaboration in the publications of this journal is found to be 0.36. It is evident that LR has accommodated over 22 citations per article during the publication phase from 2007 to 2011. In regard to country productivity, the UK leads the table, followed by the USA and Nigeria. However, Poland occupies the bottom position in the ranking. Hence, it is evident that the major chunks of contributions reflected in the publications of LR during the stated period are emanated from the UK and the USA.

Research limitations/implications

– The study focuses on the publication patterns of LR over a period of five years. Patterns of research output in 275 publications are analyzed. Further studies can include a comparative study of LR with that of a contemporary journal in the field of library and information science (LIS).

Practical implications

– Teachers and research scholars of LIS can benefit from insights into the scholarly contributions of LR that has accommodated 312 authors representing 49 countries.

Originality/value

– The study yields some interesting findings of academic publishing in LR. It can help the readers of LR to understand the most striking contributions, highly cited journals, the most prolific authors, country productivity, and assorted parameters.
How negative online information affects consumers' brand evaluation
Authors: Chiou Jyh-Shen , Chi-Fen Hsu Arlene , Hsieh Chia-Hung
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The goal of this study is to investigate the relationships among brand attachment, online source credibility, and severity of negative online information on perceived negative change in brand evaluation and perceived brand risk.

Design/methodology/approach

– A 2×2×2 experiment was conducted to explore the effects of brand attachment (low or high), online source credibility (low or high), and online information severity (low or high) on perceived negative change in brand evaluation and perceived brand risk.

Findings

– The results showed that the severity of negative online information affects perceived negative change in brand evaluation and perceived brand risk significantly. However brand attachment can reduce the effects of negative online information on perceived negative change in brand evaluation and perceived brand risk significantly. The results also showed that the effect of the severity of negative online information on perceived negative change in brand evaluation and perceived brand risk is moderated by online source credibility.

Originality/value

– In addition to the main effects in the proposed research model, it is the first study to explore the moderating effects of brand attachment and online source credibility on the relationship between negative online information and perceived negative change in brand evaluation and perceived brand risk.
Information self-efficacy and information channels
Authors: Zha Xianjin , Li Jing , Yan Yalan
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of both information self-efficacy and information acquisition with regard to information channels on decision quality and also on satisfaction, which provides a new angle for online shopping satisfaction research and practice alike.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study develops a research model drawing upon customer satisfaction theory, information and decision making theory and self-efficacy theory and tests it using a questionnaire and partial least squares structural equation modelling.

Findings

– Data collected from 331 Chinese online shopping customers were used to test the model. It was found that self-efficacy in getting information (SEGI) strongly affects perceived decision quality (PDQ) and also satisfaction with online shopping. Meanwhile SEGI negatively moderates the impact of web advertising usage for getting information on PDQ and overrides the effect of consumer review usage for getting information on PDQ.

Originality/value

– The current research usefully contributes to the theoretical development of the structural model exploring the effects of information self-efficacy and information behaviour on decision quality and satisfaction with online shopping in the specific context of China and beyond more generally.
Problem framing in problem solving: a case study
Authors: C. Payne Troy , Gallagher Kathleen , E. Eck John , Frank James
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine how initial frameworks for understanding police problems influence how police analyze and address those problems in the context of problem-oriented policing. The paper shows why researchers, and police, should pay more attention to problem theories.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data for this case study were obtained from the Middletown, Ohio Police Department, the Middletown housing authority, and the Butler County auditor. Frequency tables and simple graphs were used to identify patterns in the calls for service. Discussions with police officials were used to describe how police originally conceptualized the problem described.

Findings

– The paper found that initial problem framing has a significant impact on the available interventions and that problem solvers should be vigilant against errors of problem identification.

Research limitations/implications

– Caution must be taken when generalizing from a single case study. Nevertheless, more attention needs to be placed on problem identification and framing in the problem-solving process.

Practical implications

– Police problem solvers should be vigilant against errors in problem identification, particularly when the original problem identification is broad or when interventions based on the original problem frame do not produce the desired effect.

Originality/value

– There are few studies that specifically examine the problem identification and definition process. This paper adds to the literature on problem-oriented policing by examining the critical yet understudied process of problem framing. It also adds to our knowledge of place-specific analysis.
Production and scientific collaboration in police training (1987-2011)
Authors: Aguilar-Moya Remedios , Melero-Fuentes David , Aleixandre-Benavent Rafael , Valderrama-Zurián Juan-Carlos
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the production and global scientific collaboration of research in police training from 1987 until 2011.

Design/methodology/approach

– Selecting databases, design of search strategy, download of bibliographic records, treatment of the bibliographic information, bibliometric analysis, identification of research groups and collaborative networks of institutions and countries has been the used methodology.

Findings

– Of all 1,928 papers reviewed by experts, 155 articles were related directly with police training with an average of 2.59 signatures per work, with 66.45 percent of articles signed in coauthorship. It is noted that in recent years there has been an increase in signatures and works. Articles published are distributed in journals of heterogeneous character associated to police training such as criminology, psychology, psychiatry, health or education. A significant amount of research is captained from a university scope, sometimes in collaboration with police institutions. Collaboration between members of the same institution and between institutions in the same country are predominant.

Originality/value

– To characterize the scientific production of the journals, authors, institutions and countries in the area of police training, as well as to identify the collaboration networks of authors, institutions and countries within the area.