bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fracture and chemical compositon of the deposit formed on the lippes loop after prolonged use
Authors: Biale Y. , Lazer S. , Ben‐Aderet N.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In order to confirm or refute the theory that there is the need to replace IUD's every few years due to their breaking, 26 Lippes Loops were tested. The sediment found on the devices was composed mainly of calcium carbonate. After removal of the sedimentation, it was seen that there was some corrosion of the body of the devices which caused a decrease in the IUD thickness. Pressure tests showed that an IUD which has been in use for a long period of time is more rigid, has less ability to deform and breaks under less pressure. It seems that the current medical opinion stating that IUD's should be replaced every few years, is valid.
Influence of pubococcygeal repair on urethral closure pressure at stress
Authors: Bunne Görel , Öbrink Anders
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Stress incontinence is cured or improved by surgical treatment but the immediate reason is obscure. Simultaneous urethrocystometry with urethral pressure profile recording at rest pre‐ and postoperatively has shown that the urethral pressure remains fairly unchanged by the operation. Similar measurements, but during stress, have been performed in eight women with stress incontinence before and after pubococcygeal repair with interest focussed on changes in pressure transmission from abdomen to urethra. We have found that the reason for cure is a greatly improved pressure transmission, probably depending on the firm support beneath the urethra postoperatively. Rotational descent is prevented and the “floor” beneath the urethra responds with good counterpressure at stress. The pressure transmission was as good at one year as at one month after surgery, pointing to a lasting result.
Human placental lactogen levels in amniotic fluid in normal and toxemic pregnancies
Authors: Lolis D. , Kaskarelis D.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Amniotic fluid human placental lactogen (HPL) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 162 cases of women with normal pregnancy and 43 with toxemic pregnancy, in the last trimester of pregnancy. A significant difference in levels was observed.
Recurrent hydatidiform mole report of a case with five recurrences
Authors: Patek Eva , Johnson Per
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A report on a patient having five consecutive molar pregnancies is presented. None of the pregnancies was associated with a fetus and all five hydatidiform moles were histologically benign. The treatment of recurrent moles is discussed and the literature concerning this problem is reviewed.
Granular cell myoblastoma of the vulva. report of 4 cases
Authors: Dgani Ram , Czernobilsky Bernard , Borenstein Richard , Lancet Moshe
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Granular cell myoblastoma is a rare tumor, for which the vulvar area is one site of predilection. It occurs at any age as a firm, rounded nodule, usually not exceeding 3 cm in diameter (10). The current view is that this tumor may be derived from Schwann cells (4, 8). Only 49 cases of granular cell myoblastoma of the vulva have so far been reported (3, 6).
DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS OF INTRAPARTUM FETAL pH MEASUREMENT
Authors: Wood Carl
Published: December 2009

Abstract. (1) Measurement of fetal scalp blood pH aids the detection of fetal asphyxia. The investigation is done on patients whose fetus is at increased risk of death. (2) Special care in the collection and measurement of scalp blood pH is necessary to obtain satisfactory results. A change of 0.05 pH unit is significant. (3) Acidosis is present when scalp pH is <7.25. (4) A severe acidosis, pH <7.10, indicates a worse fetal prognosis. (5) Fetal metabolic acidosis is the commonest type of acidosis, but is less hazardous than asphyxial acidosis. (6) Fetal metabolic acidosis is associated with use of drugs, PET, fetal growth retardation, amniotomy and maternal starvation. (7) The possibility of transient acidosis needs to be taken into account when interpreting fetal scalp pH measurements. (8) Fetal scalp blood studies have helped in defining the influence upon fetal condition of maternal hyperoxygenation, duration of birth, maternal posture and the influence of drugs on fetal condition. (9) A controlled trial has shown that fetal intensive care, routine FHR monitoring and selected fetal scalp blood pH measurement in a high risk group is associated with improved biochemical and neurological status of the newborn. (10) Over the last eight years there has been a significant reduction of intrapartum anoxic stillbirths at the Queen Victoria Hospital. One of the probable reasons for this reduction in intrapartum stillbirths is the introduction of fetal diagnostic techniques. (11) Fetal heart rate monitoring is more help to the clinical obstetrician than scalp sampling–it is applicable both antepartum and intrapartum, more easily organized, and more easily learnt.
PREMATURE LABOR TREATMENT WITH RITODRINE IN MULTIPLE PREGNANCY WITH THREE OR MORE FETUSES
Authors: Bieniarz Joseph , Shah Niranjana , Dmowski W. Paul , Rao Ramaa , Scommegna Antonio
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Modern treatment for anovulatory infertility increases the incidence of multiple pregnancies with three or more fetuses and predisposes to prematurity with high perinatal mortality and morbidity. Premature labor was successfully treated in four multifetal pregnancies with ritodrine hydrochloride, a beta‐mimetic drug relaxing the uterus. Another patient misdiagnosed as false labor was not treated and lost three out of four premature babies. Beta‐mimetic treatment is indicated in multiple pregnancies even in false labor, or when painless progress in cervical dilatation is observed, to avoid asymptomatic progression into true labor. In contrast to singleton pregnancies, advanced labor with more than four centimeters cervical dilatation should not preclude good chances for successful treatment. Persistence in treatment and repeated use of the most effective intravenous route combined with oral ritodrine administration is needed because of marked tendency to recurrences of premature labor. Progressive increase in the dose of oral ritodrine may be indicated by decrease in therapeutic response. Maternal tachycardia should be considered as an index of patient responsiveness to the beta‐mimetic treatment. The therapy is most successful when the patient is hospitalized from the first episode of treatment until at least the 37th week of pregnancy. This is probably less expensive than prolonged hospitalization of several prematures in an intensive care nursery.
FOLLOW‐UP STUDIES IN DYSPLASIA AND CANCER IN SITU OF THE CERVIX UTERI
Authors: Václavinková Vlasta , Hedman Anna Kristina , Nasiell Karen
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In order to study when recurrences appear following conization for dysplasia or cancer in situ of the cervix uteri, a series of 477 patients has been investigated. They all underwent conization at Sabbatsberg 1965–1970. Among the 181 cases of dysplasia two developed recurrences one respectively three years after treatment. In the series of 296 patients with cancer in situ thirteen recurrences appeared. Eight of them were detected within the first three years. The other five were spread out during the next four years. About 50% of all patients had been followed‐up for five years or more (Table I). The conclusion is reached that a yearly follow‐up is necessary for at least ten years. As it is impossible to take care of such an accumulating number of examinations at the Swedish departments of obstetrics and gynecology without extra personnel, the following proposal is made. During the first three years after treatment the examinations are performed at the department where the conization has been performed. After that period the follow‐up is limited to vaginal smears taken once every year in connection with the general gynecologic health control.
An electroimmuno‐assay of the pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein (sp1) in normal and pathological pregnancies, and its clinical value compared to human chorionic somato‐mammotropin (hcs)
Authors: Sørensen S.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A 95% reference interval for the pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein (SP1) was established on the basis of 299 samples from 254 normal pregnant women by electroimmuno‐assay (rocket immunoelectrophoresis). A positive correlation was found between SP1 and the human chorionic somato‐mammotropin (HCS). The SP1 concentration in maternal blood was halved about 30 hours after separation of the placenta at delivery. Thus emergency analyses would be of little value in detecting acute placentae failure. 172 determinations of SP1 in maternal sera were carried out on 56 pregnant women with various types of pathological pregnancies. To assess the clinical value of SP1 a comparison with HCS (HPL) was made. It was concluded that SP1 could possibly be a valuable parameter for monitoring and discovering pathological pregnancies. Larger investigations, however, must be performed to decide whether SP1 determinations will provide more extensive information than other laboratory analyses presently used.
Midtrimester intra‐aminotic administration of prostaglandin f2α in combination with an hyperosmolar urea solution: Effect upon plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone, and human placental lactogen (hpl)
Authors: Sher Geoffrey , Katz Maurice
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A study was undertaken in order to investigate the clinical observation that patients who underwent midtrimester abortion using intra‐amniotic PG F2α in combination with hyperosmolar urea, always aborted a dead fetus. Ten Caucasian primigravidae, aged between 16 and 22 years and whose pregnancies ranged between 14 and 23 weeks in duration, were studied. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. The one group received urea and PG F2α intra‐amniotically whereas the other received PG F2α alone. Blood was drawn for measurement of plasma estradiol, progesterone and human placental lactogen (HPL) prior to injection of the abortifa‐cients and at regular intervals thereafter for a period of 120 min. The five patients who received the combination regime of treatment (urea + PG F2α) showed a rapid decline in the plasma concentrations of these hormones and induction of abortion was followed by fetal death within 35 min in all cases. In contrast, the five patients who received intra‐amniotic PG F2α alone, did not (with a single exception), demonstrate this rapid decline in the plasma concentrations of the placental hormones measured. Also with the same single exception, these fetuses, although stillborn, were alive two hours after inducing abortion.
Changes in fetal supraventricular extrasystoles during uterine contractions in labour
Authors: Jenssen Helge
Published: December 2009

The electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram were recorded from a fetus exhibiting supraventricular ectopic beats during labour. The ectopic beats showed increased amplitude of the first heart sound (S1) compared to sinus and postectopic beats; the R–S1 interval was prolonged and the mechanical systole, measured as the S1–S2 interval, shortened. During uterine contractions these parameters were measured every 10 sec. The S1 amplitude of the ectopic beats decreased; simultaneously the R–S1 interval increased and the S1–S1 interval shortened. The changes were delayed compared to the amniotic pressure curve. The changes found can be explained by a shift of blood between the fetus and placenta, caused by uterine contraction.
An intravenous 133xe method for measuring regional distribution of placental blood flow
Authors: Kuikka Jyrki , Käär Kalevi , Jouppila Pentti , Pyörälä Tapani , Rekonen Ahti
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A new method for measuring regional distribution of placental blood flow is presented. After 2–5 mCi of 133Xe saline has been injected intravenously, the counts over the placenta are registered with a scintillation camera interfaced with a digital data storage and television readout system. Using “area of interest” technique, time activity curves are obtained for different regions. Analysis of the curves is based on two‐exponential curve fitting. In normal pregnancy the mean intervillous flow in 16 healthy women was 125 ml/min/100 ml and myometrial flow 17 ml/min/100 g. The intervillous flow in the central part of the placenta was 55% higher than in the marginal parts. The myometrial flow in the placental area was nearly the same as outside the placenta.
Cervical adeno‐carcinoma and partial hydatidiform mole
Authors: Mazor Benjamin , Bar‐Am Amicam , Deligdish Liane
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Partial hydatidiform mole was found in a 39‐year‐old grand‐multiparous Jewish woman, having a polypoid cervical adeno‐carcinoma. The patient was treated by surgery followed by internal and external pelvic irradiation, with excellent results. Four and a half years after the initial diagnosis she is very well. This is the first reported case of a rare combination. The literature regarding the association between pregnancy and cervical malignancies is reviewed briefly and the possible pathogenetic relationship between hydatidiform mole and carcinoma of the cervix is discussed.
Treatment of menopausal oestrogen deficiency symptoms in hysterectomised women by means of 17β‐oestradiol pellet implants
Authors: Staland B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Ninety‐four women having undergone hysterectomy, with or without simultaneous ovariectomy, were treated for menopausal symptoms by means of subcutaneous implantation of sterile pellets containing 20 mg 17β‐oestradiol, 589 implantations in all. The subjective effect was good and lasted generally for about 6 months. The Karyopyknotic index, serum FSH and plasma oestradiol were checked in a few of the patients. The method was judged to be valuable in appropriate cases.
Transfer of51CR Platelets and51Chromium Ions Across the Term Rhesus Monkey Placenta
Authors: Wallenburg Henk C. S. , van Kessel Piet H. , Brand Anneke
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Determination of platelet life span could provide useful information on platelet kinetics in pregnant women. The usual procedure involves injection of51Cr labeled platelets into the maternal circulation. Data on possible transfer of51Cr platelets and51Cr ions across the placenta are necessary to estimate the radiation dose delivered to the fetus. Since such data cannot be obtained in man the pregnant rhesus monkey was chosen as an experimental model. In an acute animal study51Cr labeled maternal platelets with an activity of approximately 20μ Ci were injected into the fetal (2 animals) or the maternal (3 animals) circulation, and samples of fetal and maternal blood, and of amniotic fluid were obtained during 2 to 3 hours. In 2 additional experiments labeled platelets were injected into the maternal circulation and samples as mentioned above were obtained after 5 days. No maternofetal or fetomaternal transfer of51Cr tagged platelets across the hemochorial placenta could be demonstrated, whereas free51Chromium ions appear to cross the placenta. The radiation dose received by a 300 g fetus was estimated to be 23 mrem, based on the finding that the sum of total circulating radioactivity in the fetus and radioactivity in the amniotic fluid was always less than 1 % of the amount of radioactivity injected into the mother. Accepting the analogy between the placentation of rhesus monkey and man it can be estimated that this procedure would result in a radiation dose of approximately 7 mrem for a 1700 g fetus. This would seem to be sufficiently low to allow determination of platelet survival by means of the51Cr platelet technique in third‐trimester human pregnancy.
Plasma Steroids in the Foetal and Maternal Circulation at Normal Delivery and Elective Caesarean Section
Authors: Coats P. , Florensa E. , Youssefnejadian E. , Craft And I.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Maternal and foetal plasma collected at normal delivery and at elective caesarean section was assayed for sex steroid levels. Foetal cord plasma concentrations of progesterone, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone, oestrone and oestriol were higher than maternal values at normal delivery, whereas oestradiol levels were lower. Oestrone concentrations were higher than oestradiol in the foetal circulation at normal delivery and oestrone values were higher following normal delivery than at elective caesarean section.
Human Ovarian Tumours Heterotransplanted to “Nude” Mice
Authors: Kullander Stig , And Alf Rausing , Tropé Claes
Published: December 2009

Abstract. 22 different human ovarian tumours were heterotransplanted subcutaneously to female “nude” mice. When small tissue pieces were used 10 out of 16 tumours grew. Subcutaneous injections of suspended tumour cells were made to 11 mice: all failed. Metastatic or infiltrative growth was never seen in the mice observed for up to 25–40 days. Material from each tumour was transplanted to four separate sites in two mice. The successful grafts largely retained the original morphological features. As measured with H3‐thymidine incorporation, DNA‐synthesis was also similar in the original tumours and the growing grafts. This animal in vivo model might be highly informative for the study of inter alia fundamental biology, chemotherapy, and irradiation of ovarian tumours.
Relaparotomy in Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Frick G. , Johnsson J. E. , And T. Landberg , Snorradottir M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Patients with Stage III ovarian carcinoma were treated either with extensive initial surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (17 patients) or with a less extensive initial laparotomy, postoperative radiation therapy and relaparotomy (19 patients). Better results were obtained among the patients in the latter group.
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Moldin Per , Johansson Olle
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A patient with acute fatty liver of pregnancy associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is reported. The case lends support to the hypothesis that DIC may be of pathophysiologic significance in this disorder. Treatment principles are discussed and the importance of prompt Caesarean section as early as possible after the onset of symptoms is emphasized.
Delivery Complicated by Myasthenia Gravis and Epilepsy
Authors: Hansson U. , And L. Irestedt , Moberg P. J.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The literature on the possible risk of myasthenia gravis complicating pregnancy and delivery is sparse and partly contradictory but some of the reports on the number of perinatal and neonatal deaths are alarming. Epilepsy in pregnancy implies an approximately twofold risk of intervention in connection with labour. A pregnant patient with myasthenia gravis and epilepsy has recently been delivered. The case is reported and the considerations with regard to suitable anaesthesia and the two diseases are discussed.
Effect of Chlorthiazide Treatment on Renin–Aldosterone System During Pregnancy
Authors: Lammintausta Risto , Erkkola Risto , Eronen Matias
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Plasma renin activity and urinary excretions of aldosterone, sodium and potassium were studied before and during one weeks' s chlorthiazide treatment in eight women with a slight peripheral oedema in the 31st week of pregnancy. Plasma renin activity and excretion of aldosterone increased clearly on the first day of treatment, but on the 7th day it was more than doubled in comparison with the level before the treatment. Diuresis and excretion of sodium increased promptly on the 1st day, but did not differ from the level found before the treatment on the 7th day. The high reserves of renin and aldosterone secretion found in this study may be regarded important in ensuring blood pressure, plasma volume and placental flow during pregnancy.
Intrauterine Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Valerius N. H. , Jacobsen J. Ramsœe
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Four cases of intra‐uterine ectopic supraventricular tachycardia are described. In three there were none or only minor symptoms immediately after delivery and subsequently. The fourth baby having a congenital W–P–W‐syndrome was born with severe hydrops fetalis and was asphyxiated. From these cases and from data reported in the literature it is concluded that intra‐uterine heart failure is a significant risk when the fetal heart rate persistently exceeds 230 per minute. It is suggested that digoxin administered to the mother may be beneficial to the fetus in cases of intra‐uterine ectopic tachycardia.
Comparison of Oestriol in Mother and Fetus During Labour and in the Baby at Birth
Authors: Shackleton C. H. L. , Macrae D. J. , Willmott M. P.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The progressive rise in pregnancy of oestriol values and their significance in assessing fetal viability is well known, although the exact function of this increase is not understood. In considering the problem it was thought that further information of oestriol levels in mother, fetus and newborn could prove of value. The mean cord plasma oestriol was lower in small‐for‐dates than in normal cases, but in both groups it was ten times higher than in the relative maternal peripheral veins. In pooled capillary fetal scalp samples the mean oestriol was slightly higher in normal compared with small‐for‐dates cases. The use of gas chromatography—mass spectrometry was investigated and shown to give an accurate measurement of plasma oestriol levels. The expense of this procedure may be offset by its ability to determine simultaneously the nature and amount of other steroids present.
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Pregnancy Treated with Clotrimazole
Authors: Haram Kjell , Digranes Asbjörn
Published: December 2009

Abstract. An open trial of local clotrimazole therapy in 56 pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by mycotic culture. The patients were given one vaginal tablet daily and cream was applied to the vulva 2 or 3 times daily. Their male partners were treated with cream only. The duration of therapy was 6 days. Fifty of the patients (89.3%) were clinically cured after 6 days of therapy. Six patients (10.7%) had slight complaints and 10 (17.9%) without symptoms or signs of infection harboured Candida albicans or other yeast species in the genital tract. Six of the patients were given a second treatment with clotrimazole and their remaining symptoms subsided. Candidiasis recurred later in pregnancy in 4 of the 56 patients studied. The implications of the presence of Candida in the genital tract are discussed. It is concluded that clotrimazole is an effective antimycotic agent which can be used for vulvovaginal candidiasis during pregnancy without causing side effects. Two of the patients had trichomoniasis concurrently. One one of these was cured with clotrimazole.
Bladder Base Insufficiency: Radiological, Urodynamic, and Clinical Aspects
Authors: Olesen Knud P. , Walter Steen
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Among 420 consecutive patients referred for voiding cystourethrography 26% presented the picture of bladder base insufficiency (b.b.i.). The examination was carried out as a colpo‐cysto‐urethrography. A urodynamic and gynecological examination was performed in each patient. The characteristic morphological features were: Anterior and inferior displacement of the bladder neck and a pointed bladder base. The position and form of the vagina was normal. Radiological signs of detrusor function were weak and opening of the bladder neck was characterized by funneling. Urodynamically the patients with b.b.i. showed low opening and low detrusor contraction pressures. The flows were highly varying. Very high flows were seen in a few patients but the more common pattern was slightly reduced maximum flow rates. Opening of the internal urethral orifice is known to be caused by detrusor contraction. Closing is passive, caused by elastic properties in the tissues. In b.b.i. intravesical pressures during micturition were low and radiological signs of detrusor contraction were weak, indicating that the bladder neck was easily opened. This, on the other hand, means that the bladder neck was insufficiently closed during bladder reservoir function, and may explain the main symptom, stress incontinence, which was present in 84% of the patients. The underlying pathology in anatomical support and suspension of the bladder base is discussed.
A Pregnancy with a Hydatidiform Mole, Thyreotoxicosis and Live‐Born Infant
Authors: Ladehoff Poul , Maruszczak Andrzej
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A 26‐year‐old woman, pregnant for the 3rd time, was admitted in the 2nd trimester with bleeding and slight signs of thyreotoxicosis. The free thyroxin, total thyroxin and TRH‐test confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was delivered 8 weeks before term of a living boy of 1680 g. Immediately after the child, a 300 g normal placenta was born, followed by 650 g of molar tissue.

Four weeks after birth and evacuation of the molar tissue, the patient was euthyreoid, with normal thyreoid parameters. It is presumed to have been a twin pregnancy, in which the part transformed to molar tissue has secreted a thyroid stimulating factor.
Benefits of Ultrasonic Screening of a Pregnant Population
Authors: Grennert Lars , Persson Per‐Håkan , Gennser Gerhard , Kullander Stig
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The present study describes the evolution over a 5‐year period of an ultrasonic routine screening programme of a pregnant population with participation of approximately 90 % of the pregnant women. One obvious result obtained in the screening programme is the pronounced improvement of early detection of twins, the incidence now approaching 95 % with the mean gestational age for the detection being 20 (median 19) weeks. Early detection in combination with clinical measures was associated with a decrease in the incidence of twins born preterm (before week 37) from 33 % to 10 %. The perinatal mortality rate of twins fell from 6 to 0.6 % after the introduction of this programme.

The power of an early measurement of the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) to predict the date of confinement was high. Of 848 pregnant women with an early BPD measurement (96.5 % were measured before the 21st gestational week), 95 % were delivered spontaneously within 12 days according to the estimates from the BPD, only 1.5 % being delivered later than the 42nd gestational week. The corresponding figures estimated from the last menstrual period was 79.3 % and 11.6 %.

The experience gained from the programme recognized BPD for estimate of actual gestational age and the 17th gestational week was for practical reasons chosen for the first ultrasonic examination. As dating of the gestation is an important prerequisite in a screening programme for neural tube defect, the estimate of serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) was conveniently added to the ultrasonic screening programme. When ultrasound is used for exclusion of twins, dead fetuses, and erroneous dates, the percentage of amniocentesis occasioned by raised serum AFP value has hitherto been low (1.3 %).

The introduction of ultrasound at our department has enabled us to reduce by 50 % the number of X‐ray examinations of pregnant women. The calculated cost for each examination made by midwives in our programme is Skr. 50:‐ (US $ 11).
Evaluation of smears obtained by cervical scraping and an endocervical swab in the diagnosis of neoplastic disease of the uterine cervix
Authors: Johansen Preben , Arffmann Erik , Pallesen Gorm
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A study of the supplementary value of an endocervical swab smear in addition to cervical scraping in the cytological diagnosis of cervical neoplasias is presented. The two sampling techniques were applied to a population with a high prevalence of neoplastic cervical disease. The endo‐cervical swab smear was a useful adjunct in the detection of mild and moderate dysplasia, and a combination of the two sampling methods decreased the false negative rate in the diagnosis of intraepithelial, as well as invasive neoplasia. In the sphere of specific cytological diagnosis cervical scraping was found to be the more accurate method for diagnosing severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, while endocervical swab smears were more useful in diagnosing mild and moderate dysplasia. Differences between the results obtained in our study and comparable studies are discussed. It is concluded that the endocervical swab smear is a valuable adjunct to cervical scraping in the diagnosis of malignant cervical disease. It should not, however, be used as the only sampling method as it produces a higher proportion of unsatisfactory smears, and also because the severity of the epithelial lesion is more likely to be underestimated.
The cryosurgical treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Henriksen Helen Marie
Published: December 2009

Abstract. At the Finseninstituttet and the Radium Centre in Copenhagen, from 1971‐1975 inclusive, cryosurgery was carried out altogether 59 times on 57 patients. Only 8 patients showed histopathological changes in the biopsies sufficient to indicate conization.

Hysterectomy was carried out on 8 patients. In 7 of these the removed uteri showed either no malignant changes or changes of a lesser degree of malignancy than those, which had indicated cryotherapy. Invasive growth was discovered only in 1 patient, who later underwent a total hysterectomy by the Wertheim method. A biopsy on 1 patient with carcinoma in situ, suspected invasive growth, was treated with radium.
Methods for evaluating the intrauterine location of carcinoma
Authors: Liukko P. , Grönroos M. , Punnonen R. , Kilkku P.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The intrauterine location of endometrial carcinoma was investigated with curettage, hysterography and hysteroscopy in 83 patients. These three methods are complementary. Curettage provides important information about the differentiation of the tumor. Hysterography is suitable especially for elucidating the anatomy of the cervical canal and uterine cavity. Direct examination by hysteroscopy gives a reliable picture when defining the boundary between stages I and II.
Menorrhagia, diffuse myometrial hypertrophy and the intrauterine contraceptive device: A report of fourteen cases
Authors: Honoré Louis H.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Fourteen uteri, removed for IUD‐associated menorrhagia, were studied. Twelve of these IUD‐bearing uteri showed pure diffuse myometrial hypertrophy; the other two uteri were enlarged as a result of multiple leiomyomas in one case and extensive deep adenomyosis in the other. The incidence of pure myometrial hypertrophy in the IUD group was far in excess of that observed in a control non‐IUD‐bearing menorrhagia series, where leiomyomas and/or deep adenomyosis were mostly responsible for the uterine enlargement.
The role of fetal movements assessment in cases of severe rh immunized patients
Authors: Sadovsky E. , Laufer N. , Beyth Y.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Two cases of severe Rh‐immunization are presented. The obstetric history, maternal serum anti‐D titre, amniotic fluid spectrophotometric evaluation, amniography and ultrasound placentography suggest the diagnosis of hydrops fetalis. The reduction of fetal movements until cessation in the presence of an audible fetal heart point to a severely distressed fetus and impending death, thus providing additional data confirming the diagnosis of hydrops fetalis. The importance of diagnosed hydrops fetalis lies in the fact that most authors agree that in these cases treatment of the fetus should not be attempted.
EFFECT OF LONG‐TERM SALBUTAMOL TREATMENT ON RENIN‐ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM IN TWIN PREGNANCY
Authors: Lammintausta R. , Erkkola R.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone excretion (dU‐Aldo), urinary electrolytes (dU‐Na, dU‐K) and plasma progesterone were studied weekly in 22 women with twin pregnancies for three weeks whilst on salbutamol therapy (=8 mg three times daily) in hospital. Fifteen patients in this group were treated with diuretics for on an average six weeks and the therapy continued. All the patients except three were treated also with depot‐formed oxyprogesterone during the study. As an additional control group ten twin pregnant women without any drug therapies were studied.

The mean level of PRA in twin pregnancy before betasympathomimetics was equal to that of the same phase (the 32nd week) of normal pregnancy. On the second day of the treatment the PRA levels was threefold (p <0.001) and later on twofold (p <0.05) when compared with the level before the treatment.

Before betasympathomimetics the mean level of dU‐Aldo was in twin pregnancy already higher than in normal pregnancy (p <0.01). During the treatment dU‐Aldo increased within a week (p <0.05‐p <0.01) and a positive correlation between PRA and dU‐Aldo was found (p <0.01). A decrease in dU‐Na and an increase in dU‐K were found (p <0.05), corresponding to the increased effect of aldosterone. The increased levels of progesterone and aldosterone in twin pregnancy agree with earlier suggestions concerning the importance of progesterone in the secretion of aldosterone during pregnancy. The stimulating effect of betasympathomimetics, however, leads to a renin‐mediated secondary aldosteronism and therefore tend also to cause hypokalemia.
PREDICTION OF THE TIME OF DELIVERY BY MEANS OF ULTRASONIC SCANNING BETWEEN THE 20TH AND 30TH WEEKS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Hasch Ernst , Lange Aksel P. , Sørensen Torsten
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Ultrasonic scanning, with measurement of the biparietal diameter, during the 20th and 30th weeks of pregnancy, has been carried out on 738 women with an uncomplicated pregnancy and spontaneous delivery of a healthy child, weighing more than 2 500 g. The time of delivery was thereafter calculated by means of a reference curve.

A total of 642 women had a reliable calculated expected date of delivery, using information regarding the last menstrual period and clinical examination, but in 96 women this was considered as unknown or uncertain.

The cumulative curve of the time of delivery determined by ultrasonic scanning, in relation to the actual time of delivery was similar for the two groups, as an expression of a reliable and independent measuring technique. Division into early and late timing of measurement showed no definite difference in the prediction.

In the group of women with reliable dates, it was found that the calculated expected delivery date using biparietal diameter measurement, lay, on average, 5‐6 days later. This can be explained by the difference in sound speed between the apparatus used to determine the reference curve and that employed for the present investigation.

In the group with a reliable expected date of delivery, 92 per cent gave birth within ±14 days of term, as calculated from menstrual data, and 87 per cent within ±14 days of term as calculated from the biparietal diameter.

In the group with uncertain dates, 83 per cent gave birth within ±14 days, in relation to the time of delivery calculated from ultrasonic scanning.

It is concluded that, it is possible with an acceptable margin of safety, to predict the time of delivery of a patient on the basis of a single measurement of the biparietal diameter between the 20th and 30th weeks of pregnancy.

A measurement of the biparietal diameter at this time is of additional importance as the basal value, should the pregnancy be complicated later by the need for regular measurement of the biparietal diameter.
PUERPERAL LACTATION SUPPRESSION AND PROLACTIN
Authors: De Gezelle Herman , Dhont Marc , Thiery Michel , Parewyck Walter
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Five methods for puerperal lactation inhibition were assessed in a randomized fashion. The 90 women were divided into five groups. Four of these received a pharmacologic treatment: oral stilbestrol (15 mg dd for 5 days), a diuretic compound (bendroflumethazide 15 mg dd for 5 days) by mouth, oral bromocriptine (5 mg dd for 14 days), or an intramuscular injection containing estradiol (10 mg and testosterone (200 mg) esters administered immediately after delivery. To the women in the remaining group only physical methods were applied (breast support and local infra‐red waves) and they served as controls.

Prolactin plasma concentrations were determined daily for five consecutive days and showed a correlation with the clinical effectiveness of the various treatment schedules. While bromocriptine reduced and stilbestrol augmented prolactin levels, both types of treatment were equally effective in preventing lactation during the observation period. Treatment with a diuretic compound or with an injection of steroids, though less effective than the first two regimens, was nevertheless significantly more efficacious than physical treatment.
PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING LEGALLY INDUCED ABORTION
Authors: Obel Erik B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The frequency of pregnancy and delivery complications in women whose previous pregnancy had been terminated by a legally induced abortion is evaluated in a prospective and a retrospective study.

Bleeding before 28 weeks of gestation and retention of placenta or placental tissue occurred more frequently after legal abortion than in a control group matched for age, parity, and socio‐economic status.

Other pregnancy and delivery complications did not occur more frequently after legal abortion. It is of particular interest that the study could not demonstrate an increased frequency of low birth weight among women whose previous pregnancy had been terminated by legal abortion.
Pregnancy Following Treatment with Human Gonadotropins in Primary Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Wang Chun Fu , Gemzell Carl
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Six patients with primary unexplained infertility of 2 to 9 years duration, and who failed to conceive after repeated trials of clomiphene treatment, were treated with human gonadotropins; 3 of them became pregnant following one or two courses of treatment. Three patients failed to conceive in spite of 3 courses of human gonadotropins, 2 of them had high titers of sperm‐agglutinating antibodies found in their sera, which may explain their infertility. None of the 13 treatments resulted in hyperstimulation syndrome or multiple births. This preliminary result seems encouraging but awaits further study.
Placenta as an Indicator of Fetal Postnatal Prognosis
Authors: Lauslahti K. , Ikonen S.
Published: December 2009

468 placentas were studied microscopically and by gross examination. Velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord, placenta circumvallate, retroplacental hematoma in connection with ablation of the placenta, and cord prolapse were found to be causative factors in asphyxia of the newborn. The increased placental weight was characteristic in maternal diabetes, hepatosis and, sometimes, in cases of infant malformations and specific inflammations. So‐called embryonal persistence was often found histologically in these changes. Small fibrous placentas and those with ramification defects were commonly encountered among cases of toxemia and prolonged gestation. Microscopical placental maturation defects were not indicative of the fetal condition. Thus, only the changes found at gross examination appeared to be a significant indicator of the fetal prognosis.
Serum Levels of Total Dehydroepiandrosterone and Total Estrone in Postmenopausal Women with Special Regard to Carcinoma of the Uterine Corpus
Authors: Carlström Kjell , Damber Mats‐Göran , Furuhjelm Mirjam , Joelsson Ingemar , Lunell Nils‐Olov , von Schoultz Bo
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Serum levels of total dehydroepiandrosterone and total estrone were determined in 18 postmenopausal women with carcinoma of the uterine corpus (stage I, grade 1–3) and in 40 healthy postmenopausal women. Elevated levels of both steroids were found in the carcinoma group, for dehydroepiandrosterone 2010±195 vs. 1299±117 nM, p<0.01, and for estrone 2.38±0.24 vs. 1.36±0.11 nM, p<0.001. Dehydroepiandrosterone as well as the precursors of estrone are almost exclusively of adrenal origin in the postmenopausal woman. Thus these findings indicate a role of the adrenal cortex in the etiology of corpus carcinoma, either by providing increased levels of substrate for the peripheral synthesis of estrone or a direct action of adrenal androgens on the endometrial tissue.
Failure of Fusion between an Upper and a Lower Segment of the Vagina
Authors: Ingerslev Mogens
Published: December 2009

A unique malformation of the vagina with a tiny fistula between an upper and a lower segment of the vagina is presented with a brief summary of the theories concerning the development of the vagina.
THE PROTRUSIONS FROM THE CERVICAL CANAL AT THE SCAR OF A PREVIOUS CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: van Vugt P. J. H.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. By comparing the condition of the cervix at the time of a cesarean section with the findings at subsequent hysterography in 68 patients, it is considered likely that the thickness of the scar depends primarily on the thickness of the lower uterine segment at the time of the section and on the site of the incision. The prognostic significance of these findings is discussed on the basis of a theoretical approach to the development at or near the scar of previous cesarean section.
ESTRADIOL, ESTRIOL AND HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN IN SERUM IN THREATENED ABORTION
Authors: Hertz Jens B. , Larsen Jørgen Falck , Svenstrup Birgit , Johnsen Svend G.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In 64 pregnant women admitted to hospital because of threatened abortion the prognostic value of estradiol‐17‐beta, estriol and human placental lactogen (HPL) in serum was examined. The hormones were determined by radioimmunoassay. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals during admission to hospital and subsequently until delivery. For each hormone a reference range was based on the hormone values obtained from the pregnancies that continued to viability. The study shows that the three hormones examined gave a good indication of the prognosis in threatened abortion, both separately and in combination. The best predictive values were achieved with estradiol and HPL after serial samples. Of these two hormones estradiol is to be preferred because of its fetoplacental origin.
TREATMENT OF HYPERPROLACTINEMIC LUTEAL INSUFFICIENCY WITH BROMOCRIPTINE
Authors: Andersen A. N. , Larsen J. F. , Eskildsen P. C. , Knoth M. , Micic S. , Svenstrup B. , Nielsen J.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Twelve patients with infertility and insufficient luteal function were studied during a control cycle, and during a cycle when 2.5 mg of bromocriptine was given twice daily. Serum levels of prolactin, progesterone, estradiol‐17‐β, FSH and LH were determined during both cycles. Endometrial biopsies were taken from most patients during the late luteal phase.

Two patients had persistent hyperprolactinemia, approximately 35‐45 ng/ml, and both had repeated insufficient luteal function, which completely reverted to normal during treatment. Five of the 10 normoprolactinemic patients achieved a normal luteal function during bromocriptine therapy. No pregnancies were achieved during the study but one patient later conceived during bromocriptine therapy.
WATER AND ION METABOLISM IN PLACENTA
Authors: Cittadini A. , Castaldo F. , Paparella P. , Romor R. , Carelli G. , Bompiani A. , Terranova T.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The movement and the distribution of water, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and calcium have been studied in slices prepared from rabbit placentae at different periods of gestation, incubated in condition of depressed metabolism (0‐1°C). In these conditions the tissue takes up water from the external medium up to a maximum of about 2.0 kg/kg d. wt., which represents 30 per cent of the initial H2O content of the fresh tissue. The extracellular compartment swells progressively and proportionally to the age of the placenta. The sodium and chloride content of the tissue increases while that of potassium decreases and their intracellular concentration reaches, after 120 min, that of the external medium. Magnesium does not show appreciable changes and calcium, too, despite its extreme variability, does not seem to undergo significant variations during the cold incubation.

The results obtained show that placenta, like most of other mammalian cell systems, possesses specific metabolism‐dependent mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of water distribution and ion gradients among the different tissue compartments. The characteristics and the regulation of these mechanisms are discussed in detail.
AMOXYCILLIN ABSORPTION AND PENETRATION IN PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
Authors: Onsrud Mathias , Gjønnæss Halvard , Bergan Tom
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Five patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) had thin polyethylene catheters introduced percutaneously through the abdominal wall into the pouch of Douglas for sampling of peritoneal fluid. At hourly intervals specimens were aspirated, simultaneously with the sampling of finger tip capillary blood. In both the concentration of amoxycillin was determined by the micromethod of Jailing et al (1972). One hour after the oral ingestion of 0.5 grams of amoxycillin, a therapeutic level was recorded in blood plasma, the peak level being achieved in 2 hours. The concentration of amoxycillin in the peritoneal fluid showed some delay, mainly in the cases with a thick purulent exsudate, but the peak levels were similar to those in blood plasma. After a single dose of 0.5 gram of amoxycillin, a therapeutic level was maintained in blood and in peritoneal fluid for 7‐8 hours. The drug was well tolerated and showed and excellent clinical effect.
RECURRENCES AND METASTASES IN CARCINOMA OF THE UTERINE BODY CORRELATED TO THE SIZE AND LOCALIZATION OF THE PRIMARY TUMOR
Authors: Johnsson J.‐E.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Hysterography was used for judging the size and location of the primary tumor in 475 patients with stage I carcinoma of the uterine body. No increased frequency of recurrence and metastases was noted in patients where the tumor involved the uterine cervix. Large tumors, however, were accompanied by an increased frequency of recurrences, metastases in the pelvic nodes and remote metastases.
FETOSCOPY
Authors: Gustavii Björn , Cordesius Eric , Löfberg Lars , Strömberg Per
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A brief report is given on fetal blood sampling by fetoscopy in three fetuses at risk for severe congenital bleeding disorder; hemophilia A in two cases, von Willebrand's disease in one. Published reports on complications of fetoscopy are reviewed. Out of all together about one hundred pregnancies that have been allowed to continue after fetoscopy, five ended in miscarriage. No other serious complication has been reported.
NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS IN MATERNAL AND UMBILICAL CORD SERUM
Authors: Ishiguro Tatsuya , Ozaki Yoshikatsu
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Thirteen Japanese with a full term pregnancy were studied to determine maternal and neonatal serum neutralizing antibodies against herpes simplex virus (HSV). The study included 10 healthy persons, 2 with herpes genitalis and one with herpes oralis. We found that the serum neutralizing antibody titers in neonates were almost identical or slightly higher as compared to those in the mother and such findings suggest, that in the neonate, the lack of certain immunological responses may be responsible for generalized herpes simplex virus infection.