bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demand Estimation Using Managerial Responses to Automated Price Recommendations
Authors: Garcia Daniel , Tolvanen Juha , Wagner Alexander K.
Published: January 2022

We provide a new framework to identify demand elasticities in markets where managers rely on algorithmic recommendations for price setting and apply it to a data set containing bookings for a sample of midsized hotels in Europe. Using nonbinding algorithmic price recommendations and observed delay in price adjustments by decision makers, we demonstrate that a control-function approach, combined with state-of-the-art model-selection techniques, can be used to isolate exogenous price variation and identify demand elasticities across hotel room types and over time. We confirm these elasticity estimates with a difference-in-differences approach that leverages the same delays in price adjustments by decision makers. However, the difference-in-differences estimates are more noisy and only yield consistent estimates if data are pooled across hotels. We then apply our control-function approach to two classic questions in the dynamic pricing literature: the evolution of price elasticity of demand over and the effects of a transitory price change on future demand due to the presence of strategic buyers. Finally, we discuss how our empirical framework can be applied directly to other decision-making situations in which recommendation systems are used.

This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics.

Funding: D. Garcia acknowledges financial support from the Austrian Science Fund [Single Project “Understanding Consumer Search” FWF-P 30922].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4261 .
External Interfaces or Internal Processes? Market Positioning and Divergent Professionalization Paths in Young Ventures
Authors: DeSantola Alicia , Gulati Ranjay , Zhelyazkov Pavel I.
Published: January 2022

We explore how the initial market positioning of entrepreneurial ventures shapes how they professionalize over time, focusing specifically on the development of functional roles. In contrast to existing literature, which presumes a uniform march toward professionalization as ventures scale and complete developmental milestones, we advance a contingent perspective, distinguishing between the development of external interface functions (marketing & sales and customer development) and internal process functions (accounting, human resources, and finance). Specifically, we argue that positioning in an unconventional market space raises demand for external engagement that focuses ventures’ attention and resources toward developing external interface roles. At the same time, such unconventional ventures are less apt to elaborate their internal process roles relative to more conventional peers. We test these predictions using a novel longitudinal data set on the internal organizations of 3,748 U.S.-based entrepreneurial ventures. In contrast to common assumptions of convergent professionalization, our theory and findings advance the perspective that ventures pursue divergent professionalization paths based on their initial market positioning as they scale up.

Funding: This research was generously funded in part by a Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Dissertation Fellowship awarded to the first author.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1561 .
Investigation on the Effect of Impeller Design Parameters on Performance of a Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump Using Taguchi Optimization Method
Authors: Ayremlouzadeh Hadi , Jafarmadar Samad , Amini Niaki Seyed Reza
Published: January 2022

In order to investigate the effect of blade design on pump performance, a CFD analysis was carried out, and the results were compared with experimental performance data of a low specific speed radial pump, which presents a good agreement. After model verification, the effect of impeller geometrical parameters includes blade outlet angle, wrap angle, and width at the exit, was investigated on the pump’s performance. Moreover, these parameters were chosen on three levels using an L9 orthogonal standard array of the Taguchi optimization method. The efficient levels of variables were calculated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The results revealed that impeller width at exit and blade outlet angle is the most effective pump shaft power and efficiency parameters. To minimize power, the optimal levels are the outlet angle of 27∘∘, wrap angle of 150∘∘, and width at the exit of 9 mm. Further, an outlet angle of 23∘∘, a wrap angle of 155∘∘, and a width at the exit of 9 mm lead to maximum pump efficiency. According to the validation simulations, an increase of 2.4% inefficiency and a minimum power of 3.9KW were achieved. The Overall Evaluation Criteria (OEC) technique revealed that considering 23∘∘, 160∘∘, and 9 mm for outlet angle, wrap angle, and width at the exit, minimum shaft power, and maximum pump efficiency will be achieved. ANOVA introduced width at the exit as the most governing parameter of pump performance characteristics.
Klasifikasi Kanker Paru Paru menggunakan Naïve Bayes dengan Variasi Filter dan Ekstraksi Ciri GLCM
Authors: Yunianto Mohtar , Soeparmi Soeparmi , Cari Cari , Anwar Fuad , Septianingsih Delta Nur , Ardyanto Tonang Dwi , Pradana Resta Farits
Published: January 2022

Telah berhasil dilakukan klasifikasi kanker paru-paru dari 120 data citra CT Scan. Pada penelitian, proses preposisi dimulai dengan variasi filtering yaitu low pass filter, median filter, dan high pass filter. Segmentasi yang digunakan yaitu Otsu Thresholding yang kemudian teksturnya akan diekstraksi menggunakan fitur Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) dengan variasi arah sudut. Hasil dari ekstraksi GLCM dijadikan database yang akan menjadi dataset untuk pengklasifikasian citra menggunakan klasifikasi naïve bayes. Hasil dari penelitian dengan 12 buah variasi diperoleh hasil variasi terbaik adalah median filter dengan arah sudut GLCM 0° menunjukkan tingkat akurasi yang paling tinggi sebesar 88,33 %.
Kala pani revisited: Indian labour migrants and the sea crossing
Authors: Bates Crispin , Carter Marina
Published: January 2022

This article examines the reconstruction and deconstruction of the concept of काला पानी or kālā pānā, meaning the ‘black waters’, which all Indians must cross when migrating overseas. From its origin as a Brahmanic text warning about the dangers of oceanic voyages, through its dissemination as a more generalised stricture against emigration and its use and abuse as a British colonial construction, to its recasting as a historical trope and a literary device, the ever-changing influence and meaning of kala pani is interrogated and assessed. Contextualising the kala pani trope against the setting of sepoy, convict and indentureship voyages, this study also evaluates its historical validity and importance in colonial and nationalist realities. Finally, the symbolic value of the kala pani and its reworking as a literary device are explored.
H. Van Vuuren,
Apartheid, Guns and Money - A Tale of Profit
Authors: Durbach Andrea
Published: January 2022

None
B. Madley, An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873
Authors: Deckert Antje
Published: January 2022

None
R. Lentin,
Traces of Racial Exception: Racializing Israeli Settler Colonialism
Authors: Bhatia Monish
Published: January 2022

None
J. Whyte,
The Morals of the Market: Human Rights and the Rise of Neoliberalism
Authors: Nanopoulos Eva
Published: January 2022

None
E. Stanley,
Human Rights and Incarceration: Critical Explorations
Authors: Brown Mark
Published: January 2022

None
B. Sutton,
Surviving State Terror. Women's Testimonies of Repression and Resistance in Argentina
Authors: Schirmer Jennifer
Published: January 2022

None
Antoine Bousquet,
The Eye of War: Military Perception from the Telescope to the Drone
Authors: Durdiyeva Selbi
Published: January 2022

None
Balance y estado de la judicialización protectora como respuesta a la violencia estatal en contra de niños y niñas mapuche en 2020
Authors: Corvalán Cristopher , Molina Claudia , Nahuelcheo Pamela , Saavedra Sebastián , Vargas Ruth
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo pretende visibilizar y reflexionar sobre las multiples violaciones de derechos humanos de que son víctimas los niños y niñas mapuche en contexto de pandemia en Wallmapu (sur de Chile) marcado por un estado de excepción (2020). Para tal efecto se recurrira a la estrategia de estudio de casos, lo que permitira delimitar y describir tres ámbitos del derecho en el que transcurren las estrategias jurídicas emancipatorias que buscan reparar, asegurar o ampliar los ámbitos de protección de los derechos de la niñez mapuche. Se focaliza el analisis  al ámbito de los tribunales superiores de justicia a través de las acciones constitucionales de protección y amparo; al ámbito del derecho penal con el análisis de casos de niños y adolescentes mapuche vulnerados por acciones de agentes del Estado; y al ámbito del derecho de familia analizando la acción de un grupo de magistradas frente a la vulneración de derechos de niñez. Se concluye sobre los incipientes avances en materia de la protección de NNA mapuche y las dificultades para las cortes y tribunales en reconocer las violaciones de sus derechos, brindar protección o identificar y condenar los responsables.
Корпусное исследование квазисинонимичных конструкций возьми и vimp. vs. взял и v3pers
Authors: Добровольский Дмитрий , Пёппель Людмила
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются квазисинонимичные конструкции возьми и Vimp vs. взял и V3pers и их варианты. В основе этих конструкций лежит общий паттерн [взять CONJco V], то есть «глагол взять в разных грамматических формах + сочинительный союз + основной глагол в разных грамматических формах». Заполнение слота CONJco допускает лишь три варианта: и, да и да и, в то время как слот V кажется на первый взгляд практически свободным. Задача исследования – выявить семантические предпочтения в выборе глагола, заполняющего свободный слот каждой из сопоставляемых конструкций. В частности, показано, что различие между этими конструкциями связано с семантическим признаком ‘контролируемости действия’.
Azorín en China
Authors: Sun Min
Published: January 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la recepción de la obra de Azorín en China. Para ello, se consideran las traducciones realizadas de sus ensayos y cuentos, así como las opiniones que aportaron algunos críticos literarios chinos, vertidas en numerosas reseñas y artículos, tanto en el siglo xx como en el xxi. Particularmente, se revisan las traducciones realizadas por Dai Wangshu, Xu Xiacun, Bian Zhilin, entre otros. Con ello se pretende explorar la influencia que ejerció Azorín en algunos escritores chinos modernos, tal como ocurre con el caso de Wang Zengqi, y, más allá, en la influencia que tuvo para la propia construcción de la literatura china moderna.
Lucha y resistencia de las mujeres negras en la carrera religiosa en Brasil: El análisis de caso de las hermanas negras de la Congregación de las Hermanas misioneras de Jesús Crucificado
Authors: Corrêa Custódio Maria Aparecida
Published: January 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la narrativa histórica de las hermanas negras de la Congregación de las Hermanas Misioneras de Jesús Crucificado, poniendo foco en la discusión sobre la carrera religiosa en la primera mitad del siglo xx, época marcada por el prejuicio y la discriminación racial tanto en la Iglesia católica como en la sociedad brasileña. Se pretende, así, traer las voces y dialogar con mujeres que dejaron muchos rastros de resistencia y tomaron el control de sus propias vidas. Acogidas por la congregación de Jesús Crucificado, la única en Brasil que adoptó una política vocacional que permitía el ingreso de mujeres negras, ellas entraron en un campo de luchas por el derecho a la igualdad racial y religiosa que no se alcanzó hasta la segunda mitad del siglo xx.
Tentativas pioneras de legislación laboral para el servicio doméstico. Una mirada desde el interior de la Argentina: Córdoba en la década de 1920
Authors: Remedi Fernando Javier
Published: January 2022

El trabajo examina las primeras tentativas de intervención del Estado en el servicio doméstico, perfila su carácter, alcance y concepciones subyacentes, así como las razones que impidieron su avance. Dichas iniciativas no se convirtieron en leyes por la ausencia de una presión organizada de los domésticos y, más aún, por las particularidades de esa ocupación laboral. La convivencia y el solapamiento de vínculo laboral y vínculo afectivo entre patrones y trabajadores fue un obstáculo crucial para el avance de la legislación. Se trabajó con documentación del Estado e información de la prensa.
Urbanización y mortalidad infantil en Santiago, 1930- 1970
Authors: Chávez Zúñiga Pablo Sebastián , Soto Lara José Julián
Published: January 2022

Se analizan las conexiones entre el proceso de urbanización y la mortalidad infantil en Santiago de Chile entre 1930 y 1970. Se tematiza la influencia que, sobre la salud de los niños, tienen la calidad de las viviendas, la aparición de poblaciones callampas o chabolistas y la expansión de la red de cañerías, por ser estos aspectos que, además, condicionan positiva o negativamente la mortalidad infantil. Se concluye que las mejoras en la higiene hogareña,los programas habitacionales y las obras sanitarias, donde el Estado y la comunidad tuvieron una participación importante, incidieron en la reducción de dicha mortalidad.
Los católicos y las jubilaciones ferroviarias en los inicios de la legislación social (Argentina, 1912-1915)
Authors: Portelli María Belén
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo analiza la participación del catolicismo social en el proceso de construcción de las políticas sociales en Argentina a inicios del siglo XX, centrándose en la creación de las jubilaciones ferroviarias. Se sostiene que los diputados católicos participaron activamente en el diseño, la defensa y la aprobación del proyecto, en un juego dinámico de acuerdos y enfrentamientos con diversos sectores políticos y sociales. La propuesta, afín a los principios católicos, se convirtió en un instrumento para rivalizar con sus adversarios y extender su presencia entre los trabajadores.
Small publishing houses in Argentina. Their dynamism and limitations within the publishing industry
Authors: Román Viviana
Published: January 2022

The goal of this article is to analyze the market insertion that small Argentine publishing houses underwent between the late twentieth century and 2015. We take into account the sector’s evolution in the country, the worldwide concentration of the publishing market, and the business strategies these firms adopted, from a historical standpoint. Sources are institutional and periodical publications, oral sources obtained through interviews with key actors, statistical sources, repository information, and secondary literature. Some comparisons with other Latin American countries are also presented. The conclusions highlight elements such as the publishing houses´accumulated historical experience, business strategies, speed of adaptation to digital and multimedia formats, production focused on specific areas or topics, and the leveraging of a minimal and flexible structure, many times in unfavorable circumstances, as key factors that allow a correct understanding of the complexities of the business of publishing for small and medium enterprises in Argentina.
Sources and Methodologies for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Study in Brazil
Authors: Dalla Costa Armando João , Alam Naijla Alves El
Published: January 2022

This article uncovers relevant sources and methodologies to gather knowledge about micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) in Brazil. To achieve its purpose, the text presents sources and methodologies. This type of study is relatively neglected concerning MSMEs. Until this moment, not much data has been reported about these companies’ categories, and even less in advanced research. Among the most significant data and methodology of addressing MSMEs in the country, the text highlights the surveys conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (SEBRAE), and the international annual research Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) a study on the entrepreneurial activity, which Brazil is part for more than 20 years. The Brazilian institutions, as well as consulting for those companies, collect key data that posteriorly become research sources. Also, when explaining how institutions chose and treated the data, they own specific methodologies regarding those businesses in Brazil. The paper also points out the importance of constant law monitoring, adjustment, and technology incentives. This article's contribution is to present a research methodology on MSME in Brazil with relevant data.
L’evolució de la població de Catalunya als segles XVI i XVII. Estancament, crisi i creixement
Authors: Ferrer Alòs Llorenç
Published: January 2022

La manca de recomptes sobre la població de Catalunya al segle XVII l’ha convertit en un segle difícil d’estudiar. En aquest treball es proposa la utilització massiva de sèries parroquials per revisar l’evolució demogràfica d’aquest segle i intentar explicar-la. Aquesta evolució es caracteritza per un estancament provocat per una profunda crisi a mitjan segle i per una recuperació cap al final. L’explicació la trobarem en l’elevada mortalitat, especialment la catastròfica i una fecunditat moderada. S’aporten també dades sobre el creixement demogràfic del segle XVI.
Paraules clau: Demografia, Catalunya segles XVI-XVII, evolució demogràfica, mortalitat, crisi de mortalitat, fecunditat.
Una città in fermento. Gli intellettuali napoletani e il ruolo del viceré Francisco de Benavides, IX conte di Santisteban (1688-1696)
Authors: Setaro Paola
Published: January 2022

Aquest treball se centra en la renovació cultural de Nàpols els últims anys del segle XVII, en particular en la relació que s’estableix entre cultura i vida civil. Es perfila la posició que assumeix Francisco de Benavides, virrei a Nàpols del 1688 al 1696, en la llarga i complicada polèmica anticurial, a través de la defensa de la filosofia moderna professada pels membres de l’anomenada Acadèmia dels Investiganti, especialment Francesco d’Andrea i Giuseppe Valletta. El virrei no només va freqüentar assíduament la riquíssima biblioteca de Giuseppe Valletta, sinó que va defensar Francesco d’Andrea d’algunes acusacions injustes.Unes cartes, conservades a la seu toledana de l’Arxiu Ducal de Medinaceli i fins ara inèdites, entre el virrei, el secretari espanyol Manuel Francisco de Lira, el president del Sacre Regio Consell Feliç de Lanzina i Ulloa i el regent del Collateral Diego Sòria de Morales, són un testimoni de la difícil paràbola política de D’Andrea i destaquen el suport que li va oferir Benavides.
Deployment of service-learning as a pedagogy for social transformation
Authors: Dzinekou Y.J. , Mureithi G. , Sergon P.
Published: January 2022

Teaching is not only a traditional role of universities, but it remains one of the most critical missions of them. The pedagogy used in teaching determines if learning will be transformational or just transactional. Transactional learning has continually increased university graduates who become a problem to the community instead of being a source of solutions to the community problems. This study introduces service-learning as a transformational learning pedagogy that empowers students to identify problems in their community and enables them to work with the community as co-creators to solve the myriad challenges that the communities battle with daily. The study provides empirical evidence of how the service-learning model is used as an education pedagogy in the informal settlements of Nairobi to train slum dwellers in civic education and development. The study adopted a qualitative approach. The study's findings demonstrate that service-learning enables students to acquire knowledge and skills to deploy in their communities. It provides evidence on how service-learning can be modelled for transformative education. The study results reveal how service-learning as a teaching pedagogy can contribute to students' personal transformation and the social transformation of the community.
Development and ex-vivo validation of 36G polyimide cannulas integrating a guiding miniaturized OCT probe for robotic assisted subretinal injections
Authors: Abid Alexandre , Duval Renaud , Boutopoulos Christos
Published: January 2022

We introduced and validated a method to encase guiding optical coherence tomography (OCT) probes into clinically relevant 36G polyimide subretinal injection (SI) cannulas. Modified SI cannulas presented consistent flow capacity and tolerated the typical mechanical stress encountered in clinical use without significant loss of sensitivity. We also developed an approach that uses a micromanipulator, modified SI cannulas, and an intuitive graphical user interface to enable precise SI. We tested the system using ex-vivo porcine eyes and we found a high SI success ratio 95.0% (95% CI: 83.1–99.4). We also found that 75% of the injected volume ends up at the subretinal space. Finally, we showed that this approach can be applied to transform commercial 40G SI cannulas to guided cannulas. The modified cannulas and guiding approach can enable precise and reproducible SI of novel gene and cell therapies targeting retinal diseases.
Cherenkov radiation from a hollow conical target: off-axis charge motion
Authors: Tyukhtin Andrey V. , Galyamin Sergey N. , Vorobev Viktor V.
Published: January 2022

Cherenkov radiation (CR) generated by a charge moving through a hollow conical target made of dielectric material is analyzed. We consider two cases: the charge moves from the base of the cone to its top (“straight” cone) or from the top to the base (“inverted” cone). Unlike previous papers, a nonzero shift of the charge trajectory from the symmetry axis is taken into account, which leads to generation of asymmetric CR. The most interesting effect is the phenomenon of “Cherenkov spotlight,” which was reported earlier for axially symmetric problems. This effect allows essential enhancement of CR intensity in the far-field region by proper selection of the target’s parameters and charge velocity. Here we describe the influence of charge shift on CR far-field patterns, paying most attention to the Cherenkov spotlight regime. The influence of variation of the charge speed on this phenomenon is also investigated.
Plasmon-coupling-induced photon scattering torque
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Jing , Lin Hai-Qing , Shao Lei
Published: January 2022

Bio-compatible Au nanoparticles exhibit great advantages in the application of biomedical research, such as bio-sensing, medical diagnosis, and cancer therapy. Bio-molecules can even be manipulated by laser tweezers with the optically trapped Au nanoparticles as handles. In this paper, optical scattering torque arising from coupled Au nanoparticles driven by circularly polarized light is theoretically presented. The coupled plasmon resonance modes boost the angular momentum transfer from photons to Au nanoparticle dimers and trimers through light absorption and scattering. The scattering process does not bring any optical-heating side effect that always accompanies light absorption. The generated optical torques on the nanostructures highly depend on the plasmon coupling in the structures. Each scattered incident circularly polarized photon can transfer as large as

2
ℏ

angular momentum to the nanostructures. The results suggest that coupled plasmonic nanoparticle oligomers are promising candidates to construct optically driven rotary nanomotors that can be applied in biomedical applications.
Real time deterministic quantum teleportation over 10 km of single optical fiber channel
Authors: Zhao Hao , Feng Jinxia , Sun Jingke , Li Yuanji , Zhang Kuanshou
Published: January 2022

A real time deterministic quantum teleportation over a single fiber channel was implemented experimentally by exploiting the generated EPR entanglement at 1550 nm. A 1342 nm laser beam was used to transfer the classical information in real time and also acted as a synchronous beam to realize the synchronization of the quantum and classical information. The dependence of the fidelity on the transmission distance of the fiber channel was studied experimentally with optimizing the transmission efficiency of the lossy channel that was established to manipulate the beam of the EPR entanglement in Alice’s site. The maximum transmission distance of the deterministic quantum teleportation was 10 km with the fidelity of 0.51 ± 0.01, which is higher than the classical teleportation limit of 1/2. The work provides a feasible scheme to establish metropolitan quantum networks over fiber channels based on deterministic quantum teleportation.
Temporal compressive imaging reconstruction based on a 3D-CNN network
Authors: Zhang Linxia , Lam Edmund Y. , Ke Jun
Published: January 2022

In temporal compressive imaging (TCI), high-speed object frames are reconstructed from measurements collected by a low-speed detector array to improve the system imaging speed. Compared with iterative algorithms, deep learning approaches utilize a trained network to reconstruct high-quality images in a short time. In this work, we study a 3D convolutional neural network for TCI reconstruction to make full use of the temporal and spatial correlation among consecutive object frames. Both simulated and experimental results demonstrate that our network can achieve better reconstruction quality with fewer number of layers.
High-repetition-rate, 50-µJ-level, 1064-nm, CPA laser system based on a single-stage double-pass Yb-doped rod-type fiber amplifier
Authors: Zhao Qikai , Gao GuanGuang , Cong Zhenhua , Zhang Zhen , Liu Gaoyou , Liu Zhaojun , Zhang Xingyu , Zhao Zhigang
Published: January 2022

A 1064-nm femtosecond fiber chirped pulse amplification (FCPA) laser system based on a single-stage double-pass Yb-doped rod-type photonic crystal fiber (PCF) amplifier was demonstrated with a pulse repetition rate of 500 kHz, which was specially designed for expected conversion efficiency enhancement of a 10.8 eV source. With a series of Yb:fiber power amplifiers, the average output power was boosted to approximately 35 W. Further, using a transmission gratings-based pulse compressor, an average output power of 27.5 W was achieved, corresponding to a pulse energy of 55 µJ and a compression efficiency of 78.6%. The shortest pulse duration was optimized to be 204 fs, which was also accompanied by obvious pedestal. A pulse duration of 336 fs was also obtained when the pulse quality was at a top priority. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of high-repetition-rate high-pulse-energy 1064-nm, instead of 1035-nm, femtosecond laser, based on commercially available Yb-doped rod-type PCF amplifier.
Vacancy tuned coupling in terahertz metamaterial arrays
Authors: Wen Tianlong , Huang Jie , Li Yuanpeng , Zhang Dainan , Wen Qiye , Liao Yulong , Zhong Zhiyong
Published: January 2022

Metamaterials have shown great potential for modulation on the amplitude, phase and polarization of the terahertz wave. Here vacancies were introduced into the metamaterial arrays to tune the mutual interaction between the constituent resonators, which could heavily affect the electromagnetic response of the whole metamaterial arrays. We show that the introduced vacancies in the metamaterial arrays can effectively affect the resonance mode of the metamaterial arrays. Based upon the vacancy mediated coupling, a silicon-metal hybrid metamaterial arrays were designed to achieve active modulation of propagating terahertz waves.
Up to 300 K lasing with GeSn-On-Insulator microdisk resonators
Authors: Bjelajac A. , Gromovyi M. , Sakat E. , Wang B. , Patriarche G. , Pauc N. , Calvo V. , Boucaud P. , Boeuf F. , Chelnokov A. , Reboud V. , Frauenrath M. , Hartmann J.-M. , El Kurdi M.
Published: January 2022

GeSn alloys are the most promising direct band gap semiconductors to demonstrate full CMOS-compatible laser integration with a manufacturing from Group-IV materials. Here, we show that room temperature lasing, up to 300 K, can be obtained with GeSn. This is achieved in microdisk resonators fabricated on a GeSn-On-Insulator platform by combining strain engineering with a thick layer of high Sn content GeSn.
Full manipulation of transparency and absorption through direct tuning of dark modes in high-Q Fano metamaterials
Authors: Kim Seontae , Hong Dongpyo , Sattorov Matlabjon , Kim Seonmyeong , Yoo Young Joon , Park Sang Yoon , Park Gun-Sik
Published: January 2022

Controlling the line shape of Fano resonance has continued to attract significant research attention in recent years owing to its practical applications such as lasing, biosensing, and slow-light devices. However, controllable Fano resonances always require stringent alignment of complex symmetry-breaking structures; therefore, the manipulation can only be performed with limited degrees of freedom and a narrow tuning range. This work demonstrates dark-mode excitation tuning independent of the bright mode for the first time, to the authors’ knowledge, in asymmetric Fano metamaterials. Metallic subwavelength slits are arranged to form asymmetric unit cells and generate a broad and bright (radiative) Fabry–Perot mode and a sharp and dark (non-radiative) surface mode. The introduction of the independent radial and angular asymmetries realizes independent control of the Fano phase (q) and quality factor (Q). This tunability provides a dynamic phase shift while maintaining a high-quality factor, enabling switching between nearly perfect transmission and absorption, which is confirmed both numerically and experimentally. The proposed scheme for fully controlled Fano systems can aid practical applications such as phase-sensitive switching devices.
All-sapphire fiber-optic pressure sensors for extreme harsh environments
Authors: Shao Zhiqiang , Wu Yalin , Wang Shuang , Wang Yan , Sun Zhiqiang , Wang Wei , Liu Zhiyuan , Liu Bin
Published: January 2022

In this paper, an all-sapphire fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (F-P) pressure sensor is proposed. The sapphire pressure-sensitive diaphragm with low surface roughness is fabricated by MEMS wet etching. The direct bonding process is adopted to bond the sapphire-sensitive diaphragm and substrate together. And the sapphire fiber is adopted to be the lead-in fiber to ensure the sensor’s resistance to high temperature. The performance of the sensor is tested within a pressure range of 0.1

∼

5 MPa and within the temperature range from room temperature to 1200°C. Experimental results show that the sensor could work stably at the temperature of 1200°C. The pressure sensitivity reaches up to 15nm/MPa. The nonlinearity of the sensor is 0.96% FS (full scale), and the relative resolution reaches 0.12%FS. The all-sapphire F-P sensor could be used for high-pressure testing in a high-temperature environment.
Direction-discriminated rotational Doppler velocimetry with circularly polarized vortex beams
Authors: Wan Zhenyu , Fang Liang , Wang Jian
Published: January 2022

The rotational Doppler effect can be exploited in laser rotational
Doppler velocimetry to detect the angular velocity of a moving object.
Recently, its vectorial counterpart was revealed, which uses vectorial
polarization fields and shows the potential to retrieve the full
vectorial motion information of a moving object. Here, we further
develop the general model for direction-discriminated rotational
Doppler velocimetry by considering two optical degrees of freedom
(DoFs), i.e., the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and polarization.
Analyses indicate that the two optical DoFs of light play different
roles in rotational velocity measurement. On the one hand, the OAM DoF
enables the detection of the magnitude of rotational velocity; on the
other hand, the circular polarization DoF facilitates the
determination of the rotation direction by analyzing the relative
phase difference between two intensity signals of the superposed light
field after two polarizers. We demonstrate an interferometric scheme
with two orthogonally circularly polarized beams of opposite OAM for
detecting a rotating small object. These demonstrations may provide
abundant alternatives for achieving robust Doppler velocimetry in more
complicated sensing and metrology applications.
Heterogeneous integration of Si photodiodes on silicon nitride for near-visible light detection
Authors: Cuyvers Stijn , Hermans Artur , Kiewiet Max , Goyvaerts Jeroen , Roelkens Gunther , Van Gasse Kasper , Van Thourhout Dries , Kuyken Bart
Published: January 2022

Silicon nitride (SiN) is used extensively to complement the standard
silicon photonics portfolio. However, thus far demonstrated light
sources and detectors on SiN have predominantly focused on
telecommunication wavelengths. Yet, to unlock the full potential of
SiN, integrated photodetectors for wavelengths below 850 nm are
essential to serve applications such as biosensing, imaging, and
quantum photonics. Here, we report the first, to the best of our
knowledge, microtransfer printed Si p–i–n photodiodes on a
commercially available SiN platform to target wavelengths <850 nm.
A novel heterogeneous integration process flow was developed to offer
a high microtransfer printing yield. Moreover, these devices are
fabricated with CMOS compatible and wafer-scale technology.
Examining the optical model of graphene via the photonic spin Hall effect
Authors: Wu Yunpeng , Liu Shuoqing , Chen Shizhen , Luo Hailu , Wen Shuangchun
Published: January 2022

In modern optics, there are two general models to describe the behavior of light in graphene: the zero-thickness model and the slab model. The difference in physical phenomena predicted by the two models is very small, which is hardly distinguished by traditional measurement methods. Therefore, which model can describe the light–matter interaction in graphene more exactly is still a challenging issue. In this work, based on the sensitive optical phenomenon called the photonic spin Hall effect, the small difference can be magnified to a detectable level by the weak-value amplification. The experimental results show that the zero-thickness model can more accurately describe the interaction between light and monolayer or bilayer graphene, while the case of more than two layers, which can no longer be regarded as two-dimensional thickness, should be described by the slab model. Our results may provide information on light interacting with graphene for future investigation in photonics and optoelectronics.
Damage characteristics of pulse compression grating irradiated by a nanosecond laser
Authors: Lin Xiangkun , Zhao Yuan’an , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Dawei , Shuai Kun , Ma Hao , Shao Yuchen , Sun Jian , Qiu Keqiang , Cui Yun , Dai YaPing , Shao Jianda
Published: January 2022

Multilayer dielectric gratings (MLDGs) have been widely used for pulse compression in chirped pulse amplification technology, and encounter amplified nanosecond (ns), picosecond, or femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. Damage behavior in the ns regime is statistically significant; however, only the 1-on-1 test method was employed in previous studies to identify the damage precursors. Here, we adopted a raster scan procedure with mass test samplings to comprehensively evaluate the damage characteristics of MLDGs. The damage experiment was conducted at 1064 nm with a pulse width of 8 ns. The laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) for the MLDGs were shown to be approximately 30% lower than those of multilayer dielectric films (MLDFs). The normalized electric field intensity |E |2 (EFI) enhancement caused by the surface-relief grating structure and incomplete grating cleaning contributed to this LIDT reduction. Three discrete damage-initiation morphologies near the LIDT were found: nodular ejection, nano absorbing defect damage, and plasma scalding. In addition to the nodular defect damage that usually occurs in the fundamental frequency high reflectors, the strong absorption of nano defects and the poor interfacial quality make the interface nano absorbing defects of the MLDG also easily triggered. The interface differences between the MLDG and MLDF should be related to multiple annealing processes during MLDG fabrication. The plasma scalding behaves as a color change and is only involved at the surface of the grating pillar. The slight dependence of damage morphology on the EFI peak was first observed.
Analysis and simulation of optical spectral phase encoding using an array of Fabri-Perot interferometers and code division multiplexing
Authors: Yederman Shay , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a method for a scheme of spectral phase encoding with resolution of up to 10 MHz and addressability of 40GHz, for a typical wide-band optical data carrying signal, by means of optical instruments and prior knowledge about the signal. The setup includes an array of Fabri-Perot Interferometers (FPI) which bypass the grating limitations, and a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) to properly encode the diffracted light. Their arrangement along with the method of Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) was simulated, and promised fine results for various encoding schemes.
Bidirectional GHz bandwidth amplified spontaneous emission generation and high output power single-pass optical amplification through a hot Cs vapor cell
Authors: Lee Mingyu , Ryu Siheon , Kim Seokjin , Hong Seongjin , Lee Yong Soo , Yeom Dong-Il , Oh Kyunghwan
Published: January 2022

We report the characteristics of GHz bandwidth amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a hot Cs atom vapor cell, where the optical feedback was inhibited. When pumped by an 852 nm laser, both forward and backward ASE output near 894 nm showed a nonlinear increase in its power without a pump power threshold. A continual decrease in spectral width down to 4.7 GHz was experimentally observed as the ASE output power increased. Using the same vapor cell, we injected a 1mW signal to configure a single-pass optical amplifier, and we monitored the forward output both in temporal and spectral domains. We found the signal laser efficiently suppressed the ASE and obtained a large amplification factor over 700 at the pump power of 1.2 W.
C-type lectin 4 regulates broad-spectrum melanization-based refractoriness to malaria parasites
Authors: Simões Maria L. , Dong Yuemei , Mlambo Godfree , Dimopoulos George
Published: January 2022

Anopheles gambiae melanization-based refractoriness to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has rarely been observed in either laboratory or natural conditions, in contrast to the rodent model malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei that can become completely melanized by a TEP1 complement-like system-dependent mechanism. Multiple studies have shown that the rodent parasite evades this defense by recruiting the C-type lectins CTL4 and CTLMA2, while permissiveness to the human malaria parasite was not affected by partial depletion of these factors by RNAi silencing. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based CTL4 knockout, we show that A. gambiae can mount melanization-based refractoriness to the human malaria parasite, which is independent of the TEP1 complement-like system and the major anti-Plasmodium immune pathway Imd. Our study indicates a hierarchical specificity in the control of Plasmodium melanization and proves CTL4 as an essential host factor for P. falciparum transmission and one of the most potent mosquito-encoded malaria transmission-blocking targets.
Using population-specific add-on polymorphisms to improve genotype imputation in underrepresented populations
Authors: Xu Zhi Ming , Rüeger Sina , Zwyer Michaela , Brites Daniela , Hiza Hellen , Reinhard Miriam , Rutaihwa Liliana , Borrell Sonia , Isihaka Faima , Temba Hosiana , Maroa Thomas , Naftari Rastard , Hella Jerry , Sasamalo Mohamed , Reither Klaus , Portevin Damien , Gagneux Sebastien , Fellay Jacques
Published: January 2022

Genome-wide association studies rely on the statistical inference of untyped variants, called imputation, to increase the coverage of genotyping arrays. However, the results are often suboptimal in populations underrepresented in existing reference panels and array designs, since the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may fail to capture population-specific haplotype structures, hence the full extent of common genetic variation. Here, we propose to sequence the full genomes of a small subset of an underrepresented study cohort to inform the selection of population-specific add-on tag SNPs and to generate an internal population-specific imputation reference panel, such that the remaining array-genotyped cohort could be more accurately imputed. Using a Tanzania-based cohort as a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the validity of our approach by showing improvements in imputation accuracy after the addition of our designed add-on tags to the base H3Africa array.
An initial ‘snapshot’ of sensory information biases the likelihood and speed of subsequent changes of mind
Authors: Turner William , Feuerriegel Daniel , Hester Robert , Bode Stefan
Published: January 2022

We often need to rapidly change our mind about perceptual decisions in order to account for new information and correct mistakes. One fundamental, unresolved question is whether information processed prior to a decision being made (‘pre-decisional information’) has any influence on the likelihood and speed with which that decision is reversed. We investigated this using a luminance discrimination task in which participants indicated which of two flickering greyscale squares was brightest. Following an initial decision, the stimuli briefly remained on screen, and participants could change their response. Using psychophysical reverse correlation, we examined how moment-to-moment fluctuations in stimulus luminance affected participants’ decisions. This revealed that the strength of even the very earliest (pre-decisional) evidence was associated with the likelihood and speed of later changes of mind. To account for this effect, we propose an extended diffusion model in which an initial ‘snapshot’ of sensory information biases ongoing evidence accumulation.
Repurposing of the enhancer-promoter communication underlies the compensation of Mesp2 by Mesp1
Authors: Okada Hajime , Saga Yumiko
Published: January 2022

Organisms are inherently equipped with buffering systems against genetic perturbations. Genetic compensation, the compensatory response by upregulating another gene or genes, is one such buffering mechanism. Recently, a well-conserved compensatory mechanism was proposed: transcriptional adaptation of homologs under the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathways. However, this model cannot explain the onset of all compensatory events. We report a novel genetic compensation mechanism operating over the Mesp gene locus. Mesp1 and Mesp2 are paralogs located adjacently in the genome. Mesp2 loss is partially rescued by Mesp1 upregulation in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). Using a cultured PSM induction system, we reproduced the compensatory response in vitro and found that the Mesp2-enhancer is required to promote Mesp1. We revealed that the Mesp2-enhancer directly interacts with the Mesp1 promoter, thereby upregulating Mesp1 expression upon the loss of Mesp2. Of note, this interaction is established by genomic arrangement upon PSM development independently of Mesp2 disruption. We propose that the repurposing of this established enhancer-promoter communication is the mechanism underlying this compensatory response for the upregulation of the adjacent gene.
Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system contributes to oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy through muscle atrophy
Authors: Ribot Cécile , Soler Cédric , Chartier Aymeric , Al Hayek Sandy , Naït-Saïdi Rima , Barbezier Nicolas , Coux Olivier , Simonelig Martine
Published: January 2022

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset disorder characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of specific muscles. OPMD is due to extension of a polyalanine tract in poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). Aggregation of the mutant protein in muscle nuclei is a hallmark of the disease. Previous transcriptomic analyses revealed the consistent deregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in OPMD animal models and patients, suggesting a role of this deregulation in OPMD pathogenesis. Subsequent studies proposed that UPS contribution to OPMD involved PABPN1 aggregation. Here, we use aDrosophilamodel of OPMD to address the functional importance of UPS deregulation in OPMD. Through genome-wide and targeted genetic screens we identify a large number of UPS components that are involved in OPMD. Half dosage of UPS genes reduces OPMD muscle defects suggesting a pathological increase of UPS activity in the disease. Quantification of proteasome activity confirms stronger activity in OPMD muscles, associated with degradation of myofibrillar proteins. Importantly, improvement of muscle structure and function in the presence of UPS mutants does not correlate with the levels of PABPN1 aggregation, but is linked to decreased degradation of muscle proteins. Oral treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 is beneficial to the OPMDDrosophilamodel, improving muscle function although PABPN1 aggregation is enhanced. This functional study reveals the importance of increased UPS activity that underlies muscle atrophy in OPMD. It also provides a proof-of-concept that inhibitors of proteasome activity might be an attractive pharmacological approach for OPMD.
National trauma system establishment based on implementation of regional trauma centers improves outcomes of trauma care: A follow-up observational study in South Korea
Authors: Jung Kyoungwon , Kwon Junsik , Huh Yo , Moon Jonghwan , Hwang Kyungjin , Cho Hyun Min , Kim Jae Hun , Park Chan Ik , Yun Jung-Ho , Kim Oh Hyun , Lee Kee-Jae , Kim Sunworl , Lim Borami , Kim Yoon
Published: January 2022

Although South Korea is a high-income country, its trauma system is comparable to low- and middle-income countries with high preventable trauma death rates of more than 30%. Since 2012, South Korea has established a national trauma system based on the implementation of regional trauma centers and improvement of the transfer system; this study aimed to evaluate its effectiveness. We compared the national preventable trauma death rates, transfer patterns, and outcomes between 2015 and 2017. The review of preventable trauma deaths was conducted by multiple panels, and a severity-adjusted logistic regression model was created to identify factors influencing the preventable trauma death rate. We also compared the number of trauma patients transferred to emergency medical institutions and mortality in models adjusted with injury severity scores. The preventable trauma death rate decreased from 2015 to 2017 (30.5% vs. 19.9%,p< 0.001). In the severity-adjusted model, the preventable trauma death risk had a lower odds ratio (0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.53–0.87,p= 0.002) in 2017 than in 2015. Regional trauma centers received 1.6 times more severe cases in 2017 (according to the International Classification of Diseases Injury Severity Score [ICISS]; 23.1% vs. 36.5%). In the extended ICISS model, the overall trauma mortality decreased significantly from 2.1% (1008/47 806) to 1.9% (1062/55 057) (p= 0.041). The establishment of the national trauma system was associated with significant improvements in the performance and outcomes of trauma care. This was mainly because of the implementation of regional trauma centers and because more severe patients were transferred to regional trauma centers. This study might be a good model for low- and middle-income countries, which lack a trauma system.