bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Science Education in ChatGPT: An Exploratory Study of Generative Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Cooper Grant
Published: March 2023

The advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential in the field of education. The study explores three main areas: (1) How did ChatGPT answer questions related to science education? (2) What are some ways educators could utilise ChatGPT in their science pedagogy? and (3) How has ChatGPT been utilised in this study, and what are my reflections about its use as a research tool? This exploratory research applies a self-study methodology to investigate the technology. Impressively, ChatGPT’s output often aligned with key themes in the research. However, as it currently stands, ChatGPT runs the risk of positioning itself as the ultimate epistemic authority, where a single truth is assumed without a proper grounding in evidence or presented with sufficient qualifications. Key ethical concerns associated with AI include its potential environmental impact, issues related to content moderation, and the risk of copyright infringement. It is important for educators to model responsible use of ChatGPT, prioritise critical thinking, and be clear about expectations. ChatGPT is likely to be a useful tool for educators designing science units, rubrics, and quizzes. Educators should critically evaluate any AI-generated resource and adapt it to their specific teaching contexts. ChatGPT was used as a research tool for assistance with editing and to experiment with making the research narrative clearer. The intention of the paper is to act as a catalyst for a broader conversation about the use of generative AI in science education.
Factors affecting overwintering retreat-site selection in reptiles in an agricultural landscape
Authors: O’Sullivan Jackie L. , Foster Claire N. , Michael Damian R. , Blanchard Wade , Lindenmayer David B.
Published: March 2023

Context

Understanding what characteristics influence retreat-site selection by fauna is critical for both habitat management and species conservation. Despite the documented ecological values of surface rocks, there is limited knowledge of the attributes of surface rock that contribute to their use in agricultural landscapes or during winter months when reptiles are brumating, activity patterns are reduced, and sheltering individuals are most vulnerable to disturbance.

Objectives

We surveyed reptiles sheltering beneath surface rocks in grazing farms in south-eastern Australia to address two questions: (i) What landscape factors influence the occurrence of reptiles over austral winter? (ii) What physical and thermal factors influence retreat-site selection?

Methods

We surveyed 14 sites, with three plots per site, stratified across a gradient of canopy cover. We measured landscape attributes of surveyed sites and thermal and physical characteristics of individual surface rocks to quantify relationships between the occurrence of reptiles in the landscape and the properties of retreats selected.

Results

We found that relatively small patches of surface rock can support high reptile numbers, with density estimates up to of 208 individuals per hectare. Reptile abundance was positively associated with increased elevation and limited canopy cover. Reptiles selected smaller rocks with high surface area to volume ratio, were minimally embedded in the soil, and rocks supporting few invertebrates.

Conclusions

Conserving cryptozoic reptiles in agricultural landscapes can be enhanced through the appropriate management and retention of surface rock. We discuss implications for reptile conservation and surface rock management in agricultural landscapes.
A Dilemma for Dispositional Answers to Kripkenstein’s Challenge
Authors: Guardo Andrea
Published: March 2023

Kripkenstein’s challenge is usually described as being essentially about the use of a word in new kinds of cases ‒ the old kinds of cases being commonly considered as non-problematic. I show that this way of conceiving the challenge is neither true to Kripke’s intentions nor philosophically defensible: the Kripkean skeptic can question my answering “125” to the question “What is 68 plus 57?” even if that problem is one I have already encountered and answered. I then argue that once the real nature of Kripkenstein’s challenge is properly appreciated, one extremely popular strategy to try to meet it, what usually goes by the name of “semantic dispositionalism”, loses much of its appeal. Along the way, I also explain that Kripkenstein’s challenge is actually two distinct challenges ‒ one concerning the mental state of meaning, or intending, something by a sign and the other concerning the meaning (referentially conceived) of linguistic expressions.
Computation of the confluent hypergeometric function U(a,b,x) and its derivative for positive arguments
Authors: Gil Amparo , Ruiz-Antolín Diego , Segura Javier , Temme Nico M.
Published: March 2023

An algorithm and a MATLAB implementation for computing the Kummer functionU(a,b,x) and its derivative is given in this paper. The algorithm is efficient and accurate. Numerical tests show that the MATLAB algorithm allows the computation of the function with$\sim 10^{-14}$∼10−14relative accuracy in the parameter region (a,b,x) ∈ (0,500) × (0,500) × (0,1000) in double-precision floating point arithmetic.
Truth (bearers) pluralism
Authors: Strollo Andrea
Published: March 2023

As for many other properties, to understand the nature of truth attention should be paid to the kind of entities that are apt to bear it. In particular, I argue that different kinds of truth bearers tend to support different properties of truth. After that, I show that there are reasons to admit a plurality of truth bearers. As a consequence of these two results, a plurality of truth properties may be naturally admitted. The general upshot of the paper is a new way to motivate alethic pluralism, which stems from considerations on the nature of representations rather than from considerations on what is represented. This new version of truth pluralism—truth (bearers) pluralism—is shown to be theoretically fertile and promising against some standard criticisms.
The meta-metaphysics of group beliefs: in search of alternatives
Authors: Poslajko Krzysztof
Published: March 2023

The aim of this paper is to argue that our understanding of the issue of institutional group minds might be broadened if we consider alternative meta-metaphysical frameworks to those which are presently presupposed in the field. I argue that the two major camps in the contemporary philosophical debate about group beliefs, namely strong realism and eliminative reductionism, share a commitment to some form of meta-philosophical realism. Two alternative metaontological frameworks for the discussion of the issue of group belief are outlined: fictionalism and deflationism. Fictionalism about group minds, although unpopular in the philosophical debate, is still a much-discussed option in legal theory and the theory of the firm in economics. I argue that, once formulated properly, the fictionalist position deserves serious consideration. The other alternative option is deflationism: I develop a sketch of the deflationary approach to group beliefs that is based on Thomasson’s approach to the existence of groups. The final parts of the paper are devoted to a discussion of the resulting four-element classification of the possible views on the reality of group minds: realism, eliminative reductionism, fictionalism, and deflationism. I offer some proposals with regard to the criteria that might be used to choose between these theories.
The effect of storage periods and SPIDES on embryonic mortality, hatching characteristics, and quality of newly hatched chicks in broiler eggs
Authors: Okasha H M , El-Gendi G M , Eid K M
Published: March 2023

Abstracts

Egg storage duration can affect embryo mortality, hatching characteristics, hatching time, and post-hatch chick quality. In order to assess these effects, the impact of storage duration (5 days, 10 days, 15 days) and short incubation period during egg storage (SPIDES) investigated further 18, 900 eggs of broiler breeder (ROSS 308) in 3 × 2 factorial arrangement design. In the SPIDES treatment, the egg shell temperature was raised from its storage temperature (18 °C) and held at 100 °F for 3.5 h. Storage periods could significantly (P < 0.05) influence on embryo mortality (total, early, middle, and late), hatchability of both the total eggs and fertile eggs. The SPIDES treatment had a significant (P < 0.05) impact on a lower embryonic death rate and improved egg hatchability. Eggs stored for 5 days and eggs treated with SPIDES significantly (P < 0.001) shorten hatching time, batch’s 90% hatching time (T 90% H), mean hatching time (MHT), maximal hatching period (MHP), and hatching window (HW). Chick quality was also determined, whereas storing eggs for 5 days and using the SPIDES treatment resulted in enhanced (P < 0.001) chick weight relative to egg weight (CW/EW), activity (AC), and chick quality score (CQS). The residual yolk sac weight (RYSW), unhealed navel (UHN %), and dirty feather (DF%) recorded the lowest (P < 0.001) values compared to long storage periods and control group. Finally, stored for 5 days treated by SPIDES positively affected the hatchability characteristics, the shortening hatching time, and the quality of chicks. Regarding the results, it was confirmed that using the SPIDES treatment to prevent the harmful effects of broiler eggs being stored for an extended period of time is a viable option.
Histological findings of diabetic kidneys transplanted in non-diabetic recipients: a case series
Authors: Comai Giorgia , Corradetti Valeria , Bini Claudia , Tondolo Francesco , Hu Lilio , Valente Sabrina , Pasquinelli Gianandrea , Malvi Deborah , Vasuri Francesco , Ravaioli Matteo , Provenzano Michele , La Manna Gaetano
Published: March 2023

Background

Diabetic donors are recognized as a reliable source of organs, although the discard rate of kidneys is still high. Few data are available on the histological evolution of these organs especially on kidneys transplanted into non-diabetic patients who remain euglycemic.

Methods

We describe the histological evolution of ten kidney biopsies performed on non-diabetic recipients of diabetic donors.

Results

Mean donor age was 69 ± 7 years, 60% were males. Two donors were treated with insulin, eight with oral antidiabetic drugs. Mean recipient age was 59.9 ± 7 years, 70% were males. The pre-existing diabetic lesions identified in the pre-implantation biopsies, encompassed all histological classes, and were associated with mild IF/TA and vascular damages. The median follow-up was 59.5 [IQR 32.5–99.0] months; at follow-up, 40% of cases did not change histologic classification, two patients with class IIb downgraded to IIa or I and one with class III downgraded to IIb. Conversely, three cases showed a worsening, from class 0 to I, I to IIb or from IIa to IIb. We also observed a moderate evolution of IF/TA and vascular damages. At follow-up visit, estimated GFR was stable (50.7 mL/min vs. 54.8 at baseline) and proteinuria was mild (51.1 ± 78.6 mg/day).

Conclusions

Kidneys from diabetic donors show variable evolution of the histologic features of diabetic nephropathy after transplant. This variability may be associated to recipients characteristics such as euglycemic milieu, in case of improvement, or obesity and hypertension, in case of worsening of histologic lesions.
Crisis response strategies and entrepreneurial orientation of SMEs: A configurational analysis on performance impacts
Authors: Puumalainen Kaisu , Sjögrén Helena , Soininen Juha , Syrjä Pasi , Kraus Sascha
Published: March 2023

This study attempts to identify the roles of different coping strategies (pivoting and persevering) and entrepreneurial orientation that could interact and affect SMEs’ financial performance in the context of a sudden and pervasive external crisis. For this purpose, we applied asymmetric configurational theorizing and methods. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis was applied to a dataset combining survey results and financial reports of 201 Finnish SMEs. Our analysis showed that, as a response to the COVID-19 crisis, it was more common to apply pivoting than the perseverance strategy. Entrepreneurial orientation was positively related to pivoting, growth, and subjective performance but not related to profitability. Firms that had faced more problems tended to apply the perseverance strategy, and their financial performance was weaker. We also found combinations of factors that led to poor performance as non-entrepreneurial firms that faced major problems consistently performed poorly despite the coping strategies employed. In conclusion, we argue that different types of coping strategies are powerful and effective in different intensities of crises experienced by SMEs, but it is critical to match the correct coping strategy with the firm’s strategic orientation.
Psychometric Properties of the Serbian Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) and Validation of the English Version Among Non-native English Speakers
Authors: Vujić Aleksandar , Volarov Marija , Latas Milan , Griffiths Mark D. , Szabo Attila
Published: March 2023

The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Serbian Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) and the original English version of the same scale administered to a Serbian-speaking sample. In Study 1, 599 participants completed Serbian SABAS, with 189 having both test and retest data. Results suggested good internal consistency (α = .81) and test–retest reliability (ICC = .795, p < .001, 95% CI [.731, .844], rtest-retest = .803) of the scale. Convergent validity of the SABAS was evaluated through correlations with the Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV), as well as with anxiety, depression, worry, duration, and purpose of smartphone use. Divergent validity of the SABAS was evaluated through comparing the correlations with entertainment and productive smartphone use. The modified CFA model showed an acceptable fit (χ2(8) = 25.53, p = .001, CFI = .961, TLI = .926, RMSEA = .096, SRMR = .042), confirming the unidimensionality of the SABAS. In the second study, the English SABAS, completed by 335 non-native speakers from Serbia, also showed a good fit of the single-factor model (χ2(9) = 12.56, p = .184, CFI = .990, TLI = .984, RMSEA = .036, SRMR = 0.026), and good psychometric features. Based on the study’s findings, the Serbian version of SABAS is a reliable and valid measure for screening the risk of smartphone addiction. Moreover, the English version can be used among non-native Serbian English speakers.
Prävention und Kostenkontrolle im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Effertz Tobias
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

Das deutsche Gesundheitswesen hat mit hohen Kosten zu kämpfen. Neben den aktuellen finanziellen Belastungen im Zusammenhang mit der Coronapandemie verfolgt die deutsche Bevölkerung mehrheitlich einen ungesunden Lebensstil der zukünftig zu weiteren Neuerkrankungen und assoziierten Kosten führen wird.

Ziel der Arbeit

Dieser Beitrag skizziert, wie mit Hilfe von Routinedatenanalysen der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) Ansatzpunkte für Maßnahmen auf allen Ebenen der Prävention entwickelt werden können, die effektiv Krankheitsentstehungen verhindern, -progresse reduzieren und die Fähigkeit zur Beitragszahlung absichern können. Diese sollen durch effektives Gesundheitsmarketing Versicherte zu gesundheitsverbessernder Leistungsinanspruchnahme animieren.

Material und Methode

Es wird eine Idee entwickelt und diskutiert, in der ergänzend zu den bestehenden Möglichkeiten der GKV auf präventives Gesundheitsverhalten hinzuwirken, Ergebnisse der Sekundärdatenanalyse für Präventionsmaßnahmen und -verhalten nutzbar gemacht werden können.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Eine Machine-learning-gestützte Analyse bildet den Kern einer Klasse von Prädiktionsmodellen für die Prävention von Krankheiten. Diese Modelle setzen an unterschiedlichen Patientenmerkmalen in den Routinedaten der GKV an und liefern Empfehlungen für Präventionsmaßnahmen, die für eine zielgerichtete und kosteneffektive Ansprache beispielsweise mittels mHealth genutzt werden können. Die hohen Einsparungspotenziale im Gesundheitswesen sowie die Möglichkeiten der Gesetzlichen Krankenkassen diese datenanalytisch gestützt zu erschließen eröffnen eine sinnvolle Perspektive zu nachhaltiger Kostenkontrolle.
Warum wollen Eltern (nicht) an Elternbildung teilnehmen? Analysen der Rolle von Bildungsniveau und Migrationshintergrund für die elterliche Motivation zur Teilnahme an Elternbildung
Authors: Fischer Franzisca P. , Gorges Julia
Published: March 2023

Die Inanspruchnahme von Elternbildung kann Eltern in der Bewältigung ihres Erziehungsalltags unterstützen, ist jedoch durch ein Präventionsdilemma gekennzeichnet. Bislang liegen nur wenige theoriegeleitete Studien zur Teilnahmemotivation von Eltern an Elternbildung vor. Die vorliegende Untersuchung adressiert vor dem Hintergrund der Erwartungs-Wert-Theorie die Struktur des subjektiven Wertes von Eltern unterschiedlichen sozialen Hintergrunds (N = 921; 87 % weiblich) sowie die Beiträge der Wertkomponenten zur Vorhersage der elterlichen Teilnahmemotivation an einem bevorstehenden Elternbildungsangebot zum Thema Eltern-Schule-Kooperation. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen zeigen eine 3‑Komponenten-Struktur des subjektiven Wertes mit zwei motivationsförderlichen Wertkomponenten – bezogen auf den Inhalt und den Status als Teilnehmer*in – und einer motivationsabträglichen Kostenkomponente. Die Items der motivationsförderlichen Wertkomponenten decken intrinsische, persönliche und utilitaristische Aspekte ab. Die Kostenkomponente umfasst die für die Teilnahme erforderliche Anstrengung, monetäre, zeitliche sowie psychologische Aspekte. Die Wertkomponenten sagen einen Bilanzwert als Indikator der resultierenden Teilnahmemotivation erwartungsgemäß positiv bzw. negativ vorher. Bei insgesamt mittleren Effektstärken weisen der inhalts- und statusbezogene Wert und die Kosten eine annähernd gleich hohe Vorhersagekraft auf. Mit Blick auf das elterliche Bildungsniveau und einen Migrationshintergrund zeigen die Wertkomponenten (partielle) metrische Messinvarianz. Eltern mit niedrigem (vs. hohem) Bildungsniveau gewichten die Kostenkomponente geringer, während sich beim Migrationshintergrund keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede zeigen. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass Angebote für Eltern möglichst niedrigschwellig gestaltet sein sollten. Weiterhin scheint Eltern der Inhalt der Angebote sowie ein Zusammentreffen mit anderen Eltern wichtig zu sein. Hierbei lohnt sich ein differenzierter Blick auf die Zielgruppe der jeweiligen Angebote. Die Befunde tragen zur theoriegeleiteten Erforschung elterlicher Teilnahmemotivation an Elternbildung bei.
Phase-Field Study of the History-Effect of Remelted Microstructures on Nucleation During Additive Manufacturing of Ni-Based Superalloys
Authors: Uddagiri Murali , Shchyglo Oleg , Steinbach Ingo , Wahlmann Benjamin , Koerner Carolin
Published: March 2023

In the current work we employ multi-phase-field simulations to understand the effect of remelting on microstructure evolution, especially on nucleation of new grains during selective electron beam melting (SEBM) of Ni-based super alloy. The phase-field model is coupled to both mass and heat transport phenomena including release of latent heat of solidification. We run remelting simulations in both as cast and homogenized conditions. Experimental observations show that remelting triggers the nucleation of new grains at the melt pool border. The simulation results shed more light on the local conditions at the melt pool border thereby enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the nucleation. The simulation results are validated with experimental results obtained for the Ni–20.5 mol pct Al model binary alloy.
Definition and evaluation of good manufacturing practices for plastic injection molding
Authors: Mena Ledezma Jhorman , Posada Correa Juan Carlos
Published: March 2023

In this work, the impact of good manufacturing practices (GMP) on the specific energy consumption (SEC) of plastic injection molding process, in 9 representative companies in Colombia, was studied. The GMP applied to the injection molding process and the degree to which they are adopted by the companies were defined. Afterwards, the SEC of 17 representative injection molding processes in those companies were evaluated. Finally, the impact of applying the GMP and their effect on SEC were studied. The degree of application of GMP on the analyzed companies ranges from 35 to 72%. A single SEC value could not be established for all the injection systems, because it depends on the injected weight and the productivity of each mold-machine-material combination. Nevertheless, a characteristic curve was defined for different systems. A relationship between the application of GMP and SEC was found. It was observed that all GMP contributed to improve the SEC, with different significance, ranging the relevance from 6 to 14%. Finally, it was concluded, taking in consideration a representative company, that “Plasticizing” and “Drive Units” were the most relevant categories to impact the SEC.
I Don’t Care Who You Are: Adult Respondent Selection Does Not Alter Child Deprivation Estimates
Authors: Lanau Alba , Cama Mitieli , Gordon Dave
Published: March 2023

The last decade has seen strong developments in child poverty measurement. Children are largely recognised to have age-specific needs, which has led to the development of child-specific poverty measures. One of the current ongoing debates is how best to collect that information. Questions regarding child deprivation are most often answered by a reference adult and assume that adult respondents provide accurate reports about their children’s needs. These assumptions have largely gone untested. Making use of a unique feature of the Fijian Household Income and Expenditure Survey (2019/20), this paper explores the effect of respondent selection on child deprivation estimates. We compare three approaches to the selection of adult respondents commonly used in survey design: the children’s mother, the household head, and a random adult respondent in the household. We find that adults largely agree on whether children are deprived of specific items. However, in between 5 to 24% of households (depending on the indicator), adults provide different responses regarding whether children have specific items. Despite these differences, respondent selection does not substantially alter child multiple deprivation estimates or the socio-demographic characteristics of the deprived child population. The article will be of interest to those designing surveys or questionnaires to measure child poverty and children’s unmet needs.
Individualisierte Dopingprävention
Authors: Steinmann Annika , Scharf Marcel , Ziegler Timo , Körner Swen
Published: March 2023

Eine wesentliche Zielgröße organisationaler Dopingprävention ist es, Athlet:innen zu reflektierten Entscheidungen zu befähigen, sodass Doping im Leistungssport unwahrscheinlicher wird. Hierfür bedarf es im Sinne der Partizipation, entgegen einer einfachen Informationsbereitstellung oder Verweise auf Regularien, einer aktiven Einbindung und Beteiligung auf Basis einer bedarfs- und vor allem bedürfnisgerechten Ausrichtung der Dopingprävention. Eine nachhaltige Identifikation mit einem sauberen Sport kann dann gelingen, wenn Athlet:innen nicht nur im Rahmen von Präventionsangeboten sozial eingebunden sind, sondern indem Kompetenzen erlebt und hierüber Möglichkeiten der Autonomieförderung bzw. der Selbstbestimmung gegeben werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt einen Auszug aus dem Forschungsprojekt Partizipation von Athlet:innen in der Dopingprävention dar und beschäftigt sich damit, inwieweit eine Beteiligung von Athlet:innen in der Dopingprävention im internationalen Vergleich stattfindet. Weiterhin werden daraus ableitend und basierend auf einem partizipatorischen Forschungsansatz systematische Handlungsempfehlungen für die Nationale Anti-Doping-Agentur Deutschland (NADA) präsentiert, die im Forschungsprozess mit Entscheidern der Nationalen Doping-Agenturen (NADOs), des Bundesinstituts für Sportwissenschaft (BISp) sowie den betroffenen Athlet:innen und deren Sprecher:innen entwickelt wurden.
Mapping and assessing ecosystem services for sustainable policy and decision-making in Eritrea
Authors: Adem Esmail Blal , Cortinovis Chiara , Wang Jingxia , Geneletti Davide , Albert Christian
Published: March 2023

The mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services (MAES) is key to inform sustainable policy and decision-making at national and sub-national levels. Responding to the paucity of research in sub-Saharan Africa, we conduct a pilot study for Eritrea that aims to map and assess the temporal dynamics of key ecosystems and their services. We reviewed policy and legal documents, analyzed land cover changes and estimated the potential for ecosystem services supply through an expert-based matrix approach. Our results showed that from 2015 to 2019, the potential supply of the ecosystem services analyzed (e.g., crop provisioning, water supply and recreation) increased, with the exception of wood supply. Overall, our study presents policy-relevant insights as to where to conserve, develop, or restore ecosystem services supply in Eritrea. Our approach is transferable to similar data scarce contexts and can thereby support policies toward more sustainable land development for people and nature.
Changes in body mass index, weight, and waist-to-hip ratio over five years in HIV-positive individuals in the HIV Heart Aging Study compared to the general population
Authors: Mavarani Laven , Albayrak-Rena Sarah , Potthoff Anja , Hower Martin , Dolff Sebastian , Sammet Stefanie , Maischack Felix , Schadendorf Dirk , Schmidt Börge , Esser Stefan ,   on behalf of HIV HEART AGING Study
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Overweight and obesity have increased in people living with HIV (PLH). Our study evaluated weight, body-mass-index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) change over 5 years of follow-up in PLH compared to the general population.

Methods

HIV-positive participants in the HIV Heart Aging (HIVH) study were matched 1:2 by age and sex with HIV-negative controls of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) study. Both studies were recruited in the German Ruhr area. The association between HIV and weight, BMI, and WHR changes was examined using linear regression. Regression models were adjusted for parameters potentially affecting weight gain.

Results

The matched HIVH and HNR participants (N = 585 and N = 1170, respectively; 14.7% females) had a mean age of 55 years at baseline. Despite the lower baseline weight (− 6 kg, 95% CI − 7.46 to − 4.59), the linear regression showed greater absolute and relative weight and BMI increases after 5 years in HIVH compared to HNR. Adjusting the linear regression models for smoking amplified that HIVH had a higher absolute and relative weight difference of 0.7 kg or ~ 1% compared to HNR after 5 years (95% Cl 0.1 to 1.3 and 0.2 to 1.6, respectively). Adjusting for HDL, LDL, systolic blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus did not affect the results.

Conclusions

PLH had lower weight than the general population at baseline and after 5 years, but experienced greater increases in body weight after 5 years. WHR change after 5 years was lower in PLH compared to the general population, despite a higher WHR at baseline.
Looking at China from Abroad: intermediality as a tool for documentary
Authors: Mello Cecília
Published: March 2023

In 2020, due to the Coronavirus Pandemic, travel to China and around the world was mostly suspended. In the face of such restrictions, the ‘Looking China Youth Film Project’ took a different approach by inviting students from around the world to make documentary short films in remote mode. This meant employing different expressive resources and a mixed-media format, including techniques such as animation, graphics, typography, photographs, and paintings. The aim of this article is to shed light on this pioneering initiative from the point of view of the relationship between intermediality and forms and functions of the documentary genre. It opens with a discussion around the question of intermediality in the audiovisual media, considering how a realist impulse coexists in the cinema with its mixed-media nature, thus bringing together Bazin’s ontology of the photographic image and his case for cinema as an impure form of art. This is followed by a discussion about the recent field of the ‘animated documentary’, both as a practice and as a theoretical debate, which faces the apparent incongruity between film’s unique ability to record reality – which gave rise to the documentary genre, and animation’s creation of a world without any referent in reality. Finally, it considers the experience of the Looking China Youth Film Programme in 2020, with a special emphasis on six documentary films made from a mixture of live images, animation sequences, graphics and screens. The examples analysed allow me to delve into different aspects of the research on cinema and intermediality, including the animated documentary, the influence of the internet in audiovisual media, and the possibilities of a remote practice of film production.
Forced-response characterization of PBF-LB/AlSi10Mg particle dampers with thin and flat cavities
Authors: Westbeld Julius , von Coburg Fabio , Höfer Philipp
Published: March 2023

Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) enables the production of complex geometries which offer the opportunity to manufacture lightweight, stiffness-optimised or integrally designed components. Although these properties are usually advantageous for the performance in many applications, they pose disadvantages under vibration as they lead to low damped components. These are prone to high vibration amplitudes which result in higher sound radiation and a reduced lifetime. Particle damping can counteract these disadvantages. By including cavities during the design process, unmelted powder remains inside the component after its production. This powder dissipates energy under vibration by inelastic impacts and friction in particle-particle or particle-wall-interactions, increasing the damping characteristics of the component. In this work, additively manufactured AlSi10Mg specimens with cavities are investigated with respect to their damping characteristics by experimental modal analysis. The focus of the investigation is on thin and flat cavities that can be easily integrated into components without adapting the external geometry. The damping characteristics in dependence on excitation amplitude and mode are quantified. The extent to which settling effects of the powder during shaking influence the damping is analysed. The vibration of the specimens is forced by an electrodynamic shaker and their response is measured contactlessly via Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry (SLDV). A damping effect of up to 564% depending on the mode, excitation amplitude and specimen can be achieved. In addition, a significant settling effect of the powder which hampers the damping effect is identified by CT scans and modal analysis.
Einfluss der Stoßwelle auf die Schutzwirkung eines Kapselgehörschützers beim Schuss mit einer Jagdwaffe
Authors: Kluth Karsten , Jung Pascal , Wurm Dennis , Schmitz Ingo , Sänger Nicolas
Published: March 2023

Zur Überprüfung des Einflusses der Stoßwelle auf den Kapselgehörschutz beim Schuss wurden 73 Jäger befragt, 20 Jäger audiometriert und einzelne Schießversuche mit einer Großkaliberbüchse durchgeführt. Um einen menschlichen Einfluss auf die Messwerte beim Schießen auszuschließen, wurde der verwendete Kapselgehörschützer einem Kunstkopf aufgesetzt. Die Auswertung von Umfrage und Audiometrie ergab, dass die Gehörgefährdung durch den Schussknall weitgehend bekannt ist. Dennoch zeigten sich teilweise dramatische Hörverluste im Audiogramm bei 6000 Hz und eine Differenzierung der Hörminderung zwischen dem der Waffe zugewandten und abgewandten Ohr. Für die Auswertung der durch die Stoßwelle ausgelösten Abhebebewegung des Kapselgehörschützers vom Kunstkopf beim Schuss wurde eine Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera eingesetzt. Die Einflüsse von Mündungsbremse und Schalldämpfer auf die Messergebnisse wurden ebenfalls analysiert. Die Bilder dokumentieren, dass es beim abgewandten Ohr zu einer Abhebung der Kapsel beim Schuss sowohl bei blankem Rohr als auch mit aufgesetzter Mündungsbremse kommt, wohingegen bei einem aufgesetzten Schalldämpfer zwar eine geringe Bewegung der Kapsel zu beobachten ist, aber nicht die dämmwirkungsmindernde Spaltbildung zwischen Kapsel und Kunstkopf ausgelöst wird.

Praktische Relevanz: Impulsschallbelastungen mit sehr hohen Spitzenschalldruckpegeln üben eine starke Gehörgefährdung aus. Kapselgehörschützer versprechen eine ausreichende Schutzwirkung, die aber beim Schuss nur bedingt messtechnisch ermittelt werden konnte. Die Empfehlung geht zum kombinierten Gehörschutz oder zum zusätzlich verwendeten Schalldämpfer.
Design and Testing of a Novel Piezoelectric-Driven Microvibration Hammerhead
Authors: Guo Zhiyong , Shen Zhemin , Liu Weidong , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhang Lifeng , Wang Xuhao
Published: March 2023

A novel microvibration hammerhead consists of a piezoelectric actuator and a double cross-shape compliant mechanism (DCCM) is presented in this paper. The output force of the piezoelectric actuator can be detected in real time by an inside-installed pressure sensor. A theoretical model including the stiffness, first natural frequency, and stress of the DCCM and the displacement output of the piezoelectric actuator are established, and then they are further analyzed using the finite element analysis method. The effects of the beam thickness on the static and dynamic properties are deeply analyzed and compared. A prototype micro hammering system is constructed by integrating the microvibration hammerhead assembly and controlling system. Various experiments are also carried out to verify the basic performance of the micro hammering system.
Bystanders’ Responses to Witnessing Cyberbullying: the Role of Empathic Distress, Empathic Anger, and Compassion
Authors: Steinvik Henriette R. , Duffy Amanda L. , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J.
Published: March 2023

A lack of empathy for victimized individuals has been cited as a reason for why bystanders fail to intervene when they witness bullying. However, limited research has addressed how different empathic and compassionate responses could account for diverse bystander behaviors. In this study, we investigated the unique associations of empathic distress, empathic anger, and compassion with different ways that bystanders intend to respond to witnessing cyberbullying, including passive bystanding, aggressive defending, and prosocial defending. Participants were 270 Australian university students from diverse racial backgrounds (M
age = 20.34, SD = 2.78, age range 18 to 29 years, 74.8% females). Participants completed an online survey. As predicted, after controlling for gender, cybervictimization, cyberbullying, and social desirability, a multivariate path model revealed that empathic distress, empathic anger, and compassion had different associations with the three bystander behavioral intentions. Students higher in empathic distress and lower in empathic anger reported greater passive bystander intentions in response to witnessing cyberbullying, with those higher in empathic anger intending to use more aggressive and prosocial defending. Compassion was associated with lower aggressive defending intentions and higher prosocial defending intentions, making it unique in differentiating these two forms of defending. These findings emphasize the differential role of empathic distress, empathic anger, and compassion in predicting cyberbullying bystander behavioral intentions. Future research is needed to investigate how empathic anger and compassion can be targeted in interventions to help witnesses productively intervene to stop cyberbullying and support victimized individuals.
A Framework Towards Design for Circular Packaging (DfCP): Design Knowledge, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhu Zicheng , Ye Songhe
Published: March 2023

With environment becoming deteriorated, packaging industry is expected to take the circular economy (CE) approach through packaging design which is estimated to effect up to 80% of environmental sustainability impacts. This research aims to investigate the practical design guidance and considerations throughout the design process for developing CE-oriented packaging design solutions. Qualitative methods including interviews, workshops and secondary data were adopted to explore the circular packaging design practices which have been proven effective from 9 internationally leading firms. A ‘Design for Circular Packaging (DfCP)’ framework for packaging industry has been developed to guide firms and designers to create effective circular packaging design solutions. Major considerations in the CE packaging concepts, material selection, design process and manufacture are also addressed.
Covid-19: did higher trust societies fare better?
Authors: Casey Bernard H
Published: March 2023

Social trust—between governments and people and between individuals—and trust in science were proposed as prerequisites for tackling covid. Others suggested less democratic societies were more able to impose strict rules stopping the virus. These propositions were tested for a group of mainly advanced countries.

The dependent variable is cumulated deaths from covid. Findings are broken down between (a) OECD member countries, (b) these and countries having cooperation agreements with it, and (c) all these plus China. They are also broken down by time—between (a) the period before the appearance of “new variants” in late 2020 and (b) the period from then until end September 2021.

The best, most parsimonious, models explain nearly half of the changes in the level of deaths. Trust in government improves outcomes, as does interpersonal trust. Vaccine antipathy does not play a role. Also, there is little indication that authoritarian regimes performed better than higher trust societies. In the first period, increasing wealth inequality—indicating a more divided society—is related to higher death rates. Hospital bed availability is important then, but not thereafter. Furthermore, as the pandemic persisted, the importance of pre-existing levels of social trust declined.

The paper warns that institutions and cultures cannot easily be transferred from one country to another. Nor would all transfers be desired. It also suggests that some other lessons of what contributed to better outcomes under covid might be relevant for the monkeypox virus—its successor public health emergency.
Identifying the needed knowledge and skills for health education specialists: qualitative study with stakeholders in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alageel Samah , Al-Sayyari Lamis , Alhurishi Sultana A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Health education specialists play a major role in promoting a healthy lifestyle, preventing, and managing diseases. This study aimed at identifying the needed skills and knowledge of health education specialists with an interest in disease prevention and the transformation of healthcare in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This study employed a qualitative case study approach, using focus group interviews. The study was conducted at King Saud University with three different stakeholder groups (alumni, employers, and faculty members) using convenience sampling. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

We have conducted four focus group interviews with a total of 29 participants. We have identified five main themes from the data;Medical and clinical related knowledge and skills, Communication and engagement with the community, Planning and evaluating health programs, Health systems and health policy, and Marketing and technological skills.Participants highlighted the need to respond to the changing demands of the labor market, the different roles of health education specialists, and patient education vs. public education. Counseling and behavior change were viewed as key roles of health education specialists. In addition to the skills needed to create content and conduct research. Furthermore, equipping health education graduates in the fields of digital health and occupational health was viewed as a key factor in improving their employability and readiness for the labor market.

Conclusion

Study participants identified multiple skills and knowledge gaps which were deemed important to improve the quality of graduates from the health education program. Future studies are recommended to estimate their importance based on the rating of alumni, faculty staff, and employers.
Crisis, Colonialism and Constitutional Habits: Indigenous jurisdiction in times of emergency
Authors: Feltes Emma , Stacey Jocelyn ,   the Tŝilhqot’in National Government
Published: March 2023

The Tŝilhqot’in Nation has had ample experience exercising its laws and jurisdiction to manage emergencies during record-breaking wildfires and the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the Nation’s unique opportunity to formally describe and advance its jurisdiction through its landmark Aboriginal title declaration and beyond, in these crises, Crown actors have defaulted to well-worn patterns of colonialism. Through a detailed analysis of recent Tŝilhqot’in experiences of emergency, we argue that provincial and federal responses to these extreme events reveal constitutional habits: patterns of decision-making that emerge in the immediate response to an emergency, so as to appear automatic. Crown emergency responses assume exhaustive Crown jurisdiction and its corollary erasure and dispossession of Tŝilhqot’in jurisdiction. Fortunately, however, habits can change. We show how Tŝilhqot’in responses to emergency reveal alternate constitutional possibilities: habits of coordination, which, through their attention to responsible relationships, build capacity to respond to emergencies and, more broadly, a changing world.
Maximal syntactic/semantic divergence in deadjectivals: Evidence from Romance
Authors: M. Rasia M. Eugenia
Published: March 2023

This article explores semantic and syntactic properties of a set of Romance deadjectival verbs sharing comparable derivational morphology. I note: (i) asymmetries between languages where the choice of verbalizer does not become a significant variable; (ii) languages where the use of the verbalizer is associated with distinct syntactic and semantic properties. In Italian, the verbalizer defines a maximal structural contrast in a nontrivial derivation. Italian and Catalan verbs pattern as statives. Yet lack of eventivity and scalarity in Italian defines an empirically relevant distinction between stative types reflected by syntax (unergative behaviour correlated with lack of affected theme/change-of-state denotation). This differentiates Italian from Spanish or Catalan forms in not showing two key properties: (i) unaccusativity/transitivity; (ii) change-along-scale entailment. A continuum from minimally to maximally different aspectual and syntactic configurations obtains. Although the focus is set on deadjectival verbs and the unusual properties of Italian-ggiare, the results are extendable to further data.
Political views and organizational distrust affect rural residents’ willingness to share personal data for COVID-19 contact tracing: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: McCormick Jennifer B. , Hopkins Margaret , Lehman Erik B. , Green Michael J.
Published: March 2023

Background:

We aimed to examine the attitudes of Pennsylvania rural residents toward data sharing in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we were interested in better understanding their willingness to provide personal information for contact tracing to public health staff investigating COVID-19 cases, as well as their concerns. We used a validated scale to describe the influence of distrust of healthcare organizations on their attitudes.

Methods:

We mailed 4000 surveys to rural residents identified from the electronic medical record of a healthcare system in central Pennsylvania. Data were entered into a REDCap database and analyzed using descriptive summaries, and both binomial and multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

Binomial logistic regression showed that both distrust in healthcare organizations and political values influence respondents’ willingness to share information with contact tracers as well as their concerns about sharing personal data. When our multivariable model was applied, political values remained and were consistently associated with willingness to share and concerns about sharing their data.

Conclusion:

This study is a first step in eliciting rural residents’ willingness to share personal data for contact tracing by public health officials. Understanding and addressing rural residents’ willingness to share personal data and their concerns about sharing those data will help public health officials identify effective strategies for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics in rural communities. By involving community members at the ground level, public health staff can ensure residents’ buy-in for the need to collect their personal data, thereby helping to mitigate the public health crises.
Research unit network (RUN) as a learning research system
Authors: Comellas Alejandro P. , Wangui-Verry Jackline M. , Sprenger Kimberly J. , Winokur Patricia L. , Barlow Patrick B. , Subramain Maran
Published: March 2023

The clinical research units (CRUs) are one of the main spaces where both translational research and science take place. However, there is a lack of information about both best practices for CRU operations and, ultimately, benchmarks to evaluate CRU performance. The Research Unit Network (RUN) was created with the purpose to enable direct communication and collaboration among CRUs. An online survey was administered to further illustrate the functionality and impact of RUN. Thirty-one individual survey responses (39.2%) were included in the final analysis. The members value RUN monthly meetings (87.1%) as the most useful aspect of this network and CRU budgeting (67.7%) and staffing (61.3%) were the most relevant topics discussed. This is followed by EPIC – Research (58.1%), delegation of authority logs, unit signatures, and policies (51.6%), COVID-19 pandemic response (41.9%), the implementation of clinical trial management system (29.0%), and protocol deviations (19.4%). The intermediate goal of RUN is to identify best practices CRUs are establishing, implementing, and sharing these experiences with the goal to adopt them in different CRUs. The network’s long-term goal is to establish standard benchmarks that can be used for evaluating the performance of CRUs across the nation.
The Institutional Definition of Psychiatric Condition and the Role of Well-Being in Psychiatry
Authors: Knox Bennett
Published: March 2023

This article draws on Kukla’s “Institutional Definition of Health” to provide a definition of “psychiatric condition” that delineates the proper bounds of psychiatry. I argue that this definition must include requirements that psychiatrization of a condition benefit the well-being of (1) the society as a collective and (2) the individual whose condition is in question. I then suggest that psychiatry understand individual well-being in terms of the subjective values of individuals. Finally, I propose that psychiatry’s understanding of collective well-being should be the result of a “socially objective” process and give certain desiderata for this understanding.