bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Management Practices of Selected Credit Cooperatives in Cavite: A Microanalysis Study
Authors: Del Rosario Christine Lloyd E. , Mendrez Jayven Gianne D. , Abug Nerisa B.
Published: April 2023

The researchers conducted this study focusing on credit cooperatives, which are common in the community. The study aimed to determine the participants' business profile in terms of length of operation and number of members. It also aimed to determine  the management practices and the challenges encountered by the participants in terms of planning, commanding, coordinating, and, controlling. The study used a descriptive method, and purposive sampling comprised participants in Cavite. The findings revealed that most participants have been operating above 20 years and have over 500 members. The management practices of most participants formulate a plan based on the resources available and have a flexible, continuous, relevant, and accurate method of their cooperative. Moreover, the participants supervised their members and motivated them to achieve their goals, adhere to policies, and treat them according to cooperative standards. Most of the participants hold meetings addressing matters of common interest. Lastly, most participants ensure that the cooperative activities align with its policies and objectives. The challenges encountered by the participants were developing a short-term plan and experiencing failure despite having a good plan. Most participants needed clarification, commands, and instructions. Finally, most participants have had trouble in knowing the weaknesses of its cooperative and often experienced dynamic plans. Moreover, the researchers provide solutions to address the participant's challenges.
Exploring the Relationship Between Mathematics Performance and Learn-ing Style Among Grade 8 Students
Authors: Ocampo Evelina N. , Mobo Froilan D. , Cutillas Anesito L.
Published: April 2023

This study explored the relationship between mathematics performance and learning styles among Grade 8 students in the Philippines. The study used a descriptive correlation research design to achieve its objectives, which included determining the profile of Grade 8 students, identifying their learning styles, and examining the relationship between mathematics performance and age, gender, and learning styles. The data was collected through an adapted questionnaire from David Kolb's learning style inventory. The findings revealed no significant relationship between learning styles and academic performance in mathematics. However, it is worth noting that the lack of a significant relationship does not necessarily mean that there is no relationship at all. Motivation, teacher quality, and cultural background may also influence mathematics performance. The findings suggest that educators should consider students' different learning styles when developing effective teaching strategies to enhance mathematics performance among Grade 8 students. This study contributes to the literature on mathematics education and has practical implications for educators seeking to enhance their students' mathematics performance.
Delving into the Spoken English of T’boli ESL Learners: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Barcibal Remar B. , Abaigar Caroline L. , Lemana II Henry E.
Published: April 2023

A culturally pluralistic country, the Philippines has more than a hundred spoken languages used on national, regional, and local scales. With this abundant number, studies on English as a second language acquisition by many indigenous people have remained scarce over the years. To attempt to address the lacuna, this qualitative study aimed to describe the spoken English of the T’bolis at the word and sentential levels. The participants of the study were 20 senior high school T’boli students at one private school in the Municipality of T’boli, South Cotabato. They were asked to read an English newspaper article, and recordings of the utterances were transcribed and analyzed through structured guides. Based on the findings, the participants exhibited dominant features in their spoken English, like replacing vowels and consonant sounds; substituting and omitting sounds when articulating words; shifting the stress of a syllable of a word; not pausing before and after a parenthetical expression and after a thought group; using falling intonation in unfinished statements; and using rising tone in the second syllable of words that are not considered important in a statement. While the findings of this study served as bases for understanding the dominant features of the T’boli spoken English, they do not necessarily reflect the distinction of their spoken English among other non-native English speakers. The study then implies that there is a need to understand the English communication skills of T’bolis, the idiosyncrasies of their native language, and other factors that affect how they learn English.
Selected Hiligayon Novels: Translation and Evaluation
Authors: Bacio Jr. Salvador P. , Cabiles Neña Vanessa A , Cepeda Ma. Ernalyn B. , Cordero Evelyn M. , Denusta Jonalyn L. , Embajador Pearly Jade N. , Espedion Jr. Romeo T. , Quidato Julie Gay B. , Diamante Alexis L. , Ecube Ma. Elfleda R. , Morga Cynthia L.
Published: April 2023

This descriptive-evaluative study aimed to translate and evaluate selected Hiligaynon novels. In the translation, the following steps were followed: reading and understanding the work to fully capture the general thought, essence, and message; translation and development of the first manuscript; validation and improvement of the first manuscript based on the suggestions of experts/consultants; revising, refining, and developing the final form and evaluating the appropriateness of the translated Hiligaynon novels. Three teachers of Hiligaynon literature and language evaluated the appropriateness of the translation. The result of the evaluation showed that the translated novels were appropriate as a whole, and also appropriate according to various criteria. It was concluded that the translators possess the characteristics and knowledge of the translated works, and also have proficiency in the two languages ​​involved in the translation. It is suggested to further polish the translation of selected Hiligaynon novels. Moreover, it is proposed to include the translated novels as teaching and reference materials for teachers, students, and researchers in schools and libraries and to carry out further translation of other Hiligaynon novels towards the development of local Ilonggo literature.
Students Metacognitive Strategies in Solving Mathematics Problems in Distance Learning: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Presto Adaiah , Menorca Eugene L.
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the educational terrain from face-to-face to distance learning. In the Philippines, the Department of Education implemented different distance learning modalities such as modular distance learning, online distance learning, TV/radio-based instruction, and blended distance learning to continue education delivery. Consequently, this study explored senior high school students' experiences using metacognitive strategies to solve pre-calculus problems in distance learning through a phenomenological approach to qualitative research. Using purposive sampling, the researchers selected ten senior high school students from Marinduque and Palawan. They conducted two sets of online interviews via Google Meet to elicit students' experiences, views, and opinions regarding their metacognitive strategies in solving problems in pre-calculus. During the first set, all participants were involved, while they chose only three to proceed to the second set of interviews. They crafted the open-ended questions they utilized in the online interviews according to the research questions. The recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis. The results revealed that (1) students' metacognitive strategies for solving problems in pre-calculus include planning, monitoring, and evaluating the solution and final answer. Also, (2) students perceived their metacognitive strategies as practical tools to overcome difficulties in solving pre-calculus problems in distance learning. Further, (3) students recognized their metacognitive strategies in solving problems in pre-calculus as applicable in making decisions in real-life and pursuing lifelong learning.
Effectiveness of Microenterprise Law to Registered Microenterprises: Quantitative Assessment in The Philippines
Authors: Manipol Vergel S.
Published: April 2023

Microenterprises as seabeds of a promising business tycoon, like how the world of entrepreneurship should be seen - call a lot of attention and cultivation. In 2002, the Philippine government passed a law granting incentives and benefits to registered microenterprises. However, since then, no thorough evaluation has been done to create a precise quantification and result. The study's purpose is to determine the effectiveness of Barangay Micro-business Enterprise Law on microenterprises and to use it as a global reference concerning the effectiveness of similar government law as practiced by the rest of the world. Descriptive-correlational method of research utilizing quantitative data was used that led to the conclusion that BMBE Law was generally effective to microenterprises with a weighted mean of 4.1769; this means that the law has been effective and useful to the beneficiaries making its two incentives (out of 5) very effective.
Risk Management Practices Among Accommodation Facilities in Ormoc City
Authors: Polinar Mark Anthony N. , Dadulla Daffodel M. , Payao Ronald B.
Published: April 2023

This study aims to ascertain the degree of impact and likelihood of the various risks, as well as the risk management method implementation among lodging facilities.  In addition, the study took into account the link between the likelihood and impact of the various risks. To achieve this goal, a quantitative method engaging in a descriptive approach was with 128 respondents from 30 establishments who got involved in the study from the top management to rank and file through a self-completed survey. The level of the risk management process among the establishments showed a "slightly high level" of risk management implementation that signifies vulnerability to risks and could be detrimental to the establishment. To ensure impacts are regulated and the likelihood of happening will be controlled numerous risks based on the risk spectrum need to be addressed, treated, watched for, and reviewed. The results also revealed no significant relationships between the various types of risks, except people risks, which had a slight but favorable association between its impact and likelihood, which caused the null hypothesis to be rejected.  According to the study's findings, firms should not take any risks lightly, regardless of how serious or likely they are as long as they present a threat.  If risks are not properly handled, they can exacerbate or escalate their impact or likelihood.  Moreover, a risk management plan based on ISO 31000-2009 needed to be proposed to have a more structured and systematic process.
Least Mastered Competencies of Grade 11 Students in Oral Communica-tion: Basis for Development and Evaluation of Contextualized E-Learning
Authors: Aceron Ma. Morena Centeno
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to develop based on the students' least mastered competencies for the academic year 2021–2022, this study sought to develop and evaluate contextualized e-learning enhancement activities in Oral Communication in Context for Grade 11 Senior High School of San Isidro National High School District I–C in the City Division of Antipolo. Descriptive research was the method of inquiry used in this study. The study involves the evaluation of the created contextualized E-learning enhancement activities in Oral Communication in Context for Grade 11 among students, teachers, and experts. To assess the suitability of the created learning materials in terms of appropriateness, authenticity, and clarity, the researcher created a tool in the form of a questionnaire that was evaluated by a panel of experts in the field of English.
China’s Foreign Policy Shift in South Asia vis-à-vis Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Rashid Sawaira , Ikram Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad Waqas
Published: April 2023

China’s foreign policy shift in South Asia has been largely driven by its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which seeks to enhance connectivity and economic cooperation across Asia and beyond. South Asia, with its strategic location and growing economic potential, has emerged as a key area of focus for China under the B RI. In this context, China has pursued a multi-pronged approach, which includes infrastructure development, economic cooperation, and strategic partnerships with key countries in the region. One of the key components of China’s foreign policy shift in South Asia has been its emphasis on infrastructure development. China has invested heavily in the construction of roads, railways, ports, and other infrastructure projects in the region, with the aim of improving connectivity and facilitating trade and commerce. These investments have been largely made through the BRI framework, which has provided China with a platform to promote its economic and strategic interests in the region. China has also sought to deepen economic cooperation with South Asian countries through the BRI. This has involved the signing of a number of bilateral and regional trade agreements, as well as the establishment of special economic zones and industrial parks. Through these initiatives, China has sought to increase its access to South Asian markets and promote the growth of its own economy. In addition to these economic initiatives, China has also sought to establish strategic partnerships with key countries in the region. This has involved strengthening its ties with countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh, which have strategic significance due to their location and their potential to provide China with access to key markets and resources. These partnerships have also involved cooperation in areas such as defense and security, with China seeking to establish a greater presence in the Indian Ocean region.
Factors Affecting Tax Compliance of MSMEs in Dipolog City
Authors: Granfon Janven A. , Lagare Wella Nova Joy D. , Aling Dexter A. , Dangcalan Neil Bryan D. , Ebanay Ara A.
Published: April 2023

This research is made focused on assessing what factors could affect the tax compliance of MSMEs in Dipolog City, one of the major economic drivers are; (1) Tax Inspection Possibility, (2) Tax Rates, (3) Tax Penalties, (4) Tax Policies Complexity, (5) Social Norms and (6) Tax Knowledge. Through random sampling, 96 business owners/managers/bookkeepers of specifically retail MSMEs in Dipolog City were extracted as respondents. A descriptive correlational quantitative method was used in this study, utilizing standardized adapted questionnaires for gathering data which was analyzed and interpreted using frequency, percentage distribution, mean, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman Rho. Findings revealed most of the enterprises belong to a micro level and are still in the business for 2-5 years. Furthermore, among the factors identified, only Tax inspection Possibilities, Tax Penalties, and Tax Knowledge have significant relationships with tax compliance. This means that the possibility of being inspected, delayed payment of obligations, and their knowledge of tax laws increased the respondents’ awareness of tax compliance. If a taxpayer has knowledge about tax laws, payments, and tax rates applied to his/her business, compliance increases. It is also recommended that the taxing authority must conduct a statutory tax seminar to MSMEs as taxpayers.
Testing of the "Gizinesia" Website as an Educational Media for Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Estofany Fredy , Sitoayu Laras , Ronitawati Putri , Nuzrina Rachmanida , Kuswari Mury
Published: April 2023

Indonesia has diabetes alert status because it ranks 7th out of 10 countries with the highest number of diabetes patients. There are five main pillars in diabetes management: education, medical nutrition therapy, physical activity, pharmacology, and independent blood sugar monitoring. Education is the first pillar that can be done with the help of easily accessible and sustainable media, one of which is the website. One of the important steps in developing educational media is to validate the media by professionals and respondents of the target group.  The objective of this study is to know the development and validation of "Gizinesia" as an educational medium for Diabetes Mellitus patients according to professionals and respondents with diabetes. This research is quantitative research with a methodology approach in three steps: development, validity, and evaluation with a sample of 11 professionals and 20 respondents with diabetes.  Based on validity tests by professionals, the website content was declared valid with a CVR with a CVI value of ≥ 0.80. The website construct was valid with an average calculation of r≥ 0.632. However, out of 18 items found three invalid items. Based on the validity test by diabetic respondents, the website content was found to be valid with Mean I-CVI = 0.95. However, out of 15 items, 1 item was found to be invalid and the website construct was declared valid with an average r≥ 0.7. However, of the 16 items found two items with low correlation. Therefore, the results of the validation of the "Gizinesia" website as a nutrition education medium for Diabetes Mellitus patients are valid. However, they need improvement by making an illustrated video and following the "10/20/30 Rule".
Multivariate analysis of GGE and AMMI biplot graph to investigate geno-type by environment interaction of rice hybrids at multiple locations in Malaysia
Authors: S. Elixon , Y. Mohd Rafii , R. Asfaliza , J. Mashitah , R. Shairul Izzan
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the genotype by environment (G×E) interaction of 20 rice hybrids tested in eight environments which include four locations and two different cropping seasons in Malaysia. The parameter was observed on yield per ha, number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, and thousand-grain weight. Data analysis was used by ANOVA and stability measurement according to AMMI and GGE biplot graph.  The ANOVA indicated that all studied phenotypic showed significantly different in variance genotypes, season, location, location × season, genotype × season, genotype × location × season.  The most promising hybrids were G19, G3, G18, G13, G8, G7, and G14, resulting in a higher mean yield per ha.  The multivariate stability analysis defined those hybrids divided into three categories. The first category is hybrids with high mean yield and wide adaptability (G19, G18, G3 and G4), the second category is the hybrid exhibiting high mean yield and is suitable for a specific environment (G12) and lastly, a hybrid with low yield and high stability (G9, G11 and G1). Hybrids with high yield and stable performance could be further evaluated in large-scale planting for prior release for commercial.
Genetic engineering of bacteria for the production of antibiotics: A review
Authors: Zafar Tehseen , Ahsan Taswar , Yuanhua Wu
Published: April 2023

Due to high demand of antibiotics for treatment of increasing bacterial infections there is an urgent need of engineering bacterial strains to get high concentration and meet industrial demands. Different techniques are being used for this purpose: which include over-expression of a gene in its host strain, engineering of different activators and regulators of antibiotic synthesizing gene cluster and expression of antibiotic gene cluster in heterologous host. The emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens was a huge problem for existing medications and it urges a need or the development of novel antibiotics with high specificity. These can be produced by combinatorial biosynthesis or awakening of silent genes already present in bacteria. These advancements present a bright future of antibiotic production at industrial level.
Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria isolated from Launaea arborescens (characterization and molecular identification)
Authors: Lakhdar Mebarki , Abir Dakhali , Fatna Mezouri
Published: April 2023

The present investigation aimed to assess endophytic bacteria's capacity to stimulate plant development. Eight endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from the root of Launaea arborescens (Batt.), native medicinal plant growing spontaneously in the region of Bechar (south-west Algeria). The eight strains were tested for their effects on seed germination and plant growth of Triticum aestivum L. The results showed that all strains had positive effects on wheat seeds germination. The seeds inoculation of wheat by endophytic bacteria improves morphological parameters of the seedling (fresh and dry weight of plant, root and stem elongation). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the powerful strain, it was found as Brevibacillus brevis. This one was found positive for many of the plant growth promoting attributes like ammonia production and azote fixing. In addition, it was identified as resistant to azithromycine during antibiotic sensitivity test and It could tolerate up to 0.9 M of NaCl. Additionally, Brevibacillus brevis was identified as resistant in the herbicide and the insecticide susceptibility test. Results suggest that this endophyte is a strong candidate for use as plant growth-promoting inoculants, to assist in lowering the amount of chemicals used in agricultural practices and enhance nutrient absorption and stress resistance in plant species.
Effect of sowing dates on the vegetative growth and yield parameters of two quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes
Authors: Mehda Smail , Oustani Mabrouka , Bouazza Sana , Djaballah Imane
Published: April 2023

The aim of the present study was to select the best sowing time for two quinoa genotypes (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) grown in Ouargla, located in the Saharan region of Algeria. The adopted experimental device is of the random block type, comparing the effect of three sowing dates in 2018: October 16th, October 31st, and November 15th, on some vegetative growth parameters (number of seedlings raised, total number of plants, total fresh weight of plants, height of plants at panicle stage, number of branches per plant, average weight per plant), and yield parameters (number of panicles per plant, weight of the main panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and total weight of grains per square meter) of two quinoa genotypes: "Q102" Amarilla saccaca and "Giza". The obtained results show that the best sowing date for the "Q102" genotype is the first date (October 16th), which ranked first for most of the parameters studied. On the other hand, the best grain yield was observed by the second sowing date (October 31st). As for the "Giza1" genotype, no yield was observed for the first and second sowing dates, while a very low grain yield was observed only by the third sowing date. The results obtained make it possible to conclude the strong capacity of adaptation of genotype "Q102" to the edapho-climatic conditions of the south of Algeria compared to genotype "Giza1". In fact, this study shows that the production potential of quinoa in the Saharan regions is linked to both the genotype and the sowing date.
Narrativas escolares de las estudiantes desplazadas por el conflicto armado en Colombia
Authors: Yepes-Cardona Susana , Giraldo-Gil Elida
Published: April 2023

(analítico)Este estudio, enmarcado en el paradigma cualitativo, analizó el currículo vivenciado a partir de las narrativas construidas con 14 estudiantes desplazadas por el conflicto armado, pertenecientes a una institución educativa de Medellín (Colombia). Los métodos de recolección empleados fueron entrevistas semiestructuradas, diarios personales y fotografías. Se presentan las intersecciones que se establecen con la escuela, entendida como escenario de y para la construcción de paz, concluyendo en la pertinencia de las propuestas educativas flexibles. Este análisis, hilado desde una perspectiva de  género, visibiliza otros modos de existir en la escuela, contribuyendo a la resignificación del currículo para la permanencia de las estudiantes que fueron desplazadas.
Palabras clave: Desplazamiento; escuela; conflicto armado; experiencia; niñas; adolescentes.
Diferencias de género en la agresividad en jóvenes infractores en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Restrepo Jorge Emiro , Acosta-Tobón Sergio Andrés
Published: April 2023

(analítico)La investigación sobre agresividad en jóvenes delincuentes es insuficiente en Colombia y, en consecuencia, no hay suficiente información sobre las diferencias de género en esta población. No evaluar e intervenir este comportamiento desde un enfoque de diferencias sexuales impacta negativamente la efectividad de las políticas criminales. En esta investigación participaron 1050 jóvenes infractores, seleccionados por conveniencia. Se incluyeron 855 hombres y 195mujeres de 14 a 19 años de edad residentes en Medellín (Antioquia).Los principales resultados fueron: 1) muy altos niveles de agresividad proactiva, reactiva y total en los adolescentes infractores; 2) la existencia de diferencias en la agresividad proactiva y agresividad total en las mujeres comparadas con los hombres; y 3) la variación de la agresividad de acuerdo con ciertas variables sociodemográficas y asociadas con el delito.
Palabras clave:  Delincuencia juvenil; violencia doméstica; psicotrópicos; agresión; adolescentes; delitos sexuales.
Una investigadora comunitaria en una IAP con jóvenes: análisis de caso
Authors: Gómez-Ramírez Heidy Cristina , Otálvaro-Orrego Jaider Camilo , Cárdenas-Ossa Ana María
Published: April 2023

(analítico)Se realizó una investigación acción participativa con jóvenes de un barrio periférico de Medellín, mediada por la investigación narrativa, diálogo de saberes e investigación temática que propone la educación popular. Las fases del proceso fueron: formulación de una pregunta de investigación partiendo de la narración de historias de vida; identificación de situaciones límite y temas generadores para la acción; formación en técnicas y herramientas de investigación para que los/as jóvenes respondieran preguntas elaboradas por ellos/as; acción como resultado de la aplicación de las técnicas investigativas por parte del grupo de jóvenes. Este artículo destaca entre los resultados la experiencia de una joven de la comunidad, estudiante universitaria y la emergencia de su habitus como investigadora comunitaria y sujeto crítico con capacidad de producir conocimiento para transformar sus interrelaciones personales, comunitarias y su proyecto de vida.
Palabras clave:  Metodología; joven; formación de investigadores; comunidad.
Argumentación en jóvenes universitarios: revisión de investigaciones realizadas desde el socioconstructivismo
Authors: Peralta Nadia Soledad , Castellaro Mariano , Tuzinkievicz María Agustina , Curcio Juan Manuel Curcio
Published: April 2023

(analítico)La argumentación es una práctica social, comunicativa y cognitiva vinculada al contexto, y es una habilidad esencial para la formación académica y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios. El grupo Procesos Sociocognitivos del Aprendizaje (Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación de Argentina) realizó varios estudios sobre la temática, destacando el conflicto sociocognitivo como una situación potencial para la construcción del conocimiento y la argumentación como una modalidad privilegiada para resolverlo, desde la perspectiva socioconstructivista. El objetivo del artículo es presentar conocimiento sobre la argumentación desde la perspectiva socioconstructivista basada en la investigación empírica realizada por el dicho grupo en la última década, con el fin de contribuir a la construcción del balance de la producción académica en el siglo XXI sobre estudiantes universitarios, objetivo central del monográfico.
Palabras clave: Estudiante universitario; interacción social; argumentación; socioconstructivismo.
Eufrásia Teixeira Leite entre as finanças e a moda
Authors: Bragança Flávio Oscar Nunes , Faulhaber Priscila
Published: April 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo apontar na biografia de Eufrásia Teixeira Leite sua condição de mulher celibatária, e o estigma que esse estado representava no contexto do século XIX. Busca interpretar o papel da moda no processo de autonomização vivenciado por Eufrásia. Sua história perpassa questões sobre individualidade e coletividade, independência financeira e amor romântico, conformidade e insubmissão. A investigação baseia-se na interpretação de dois de seus retratos e na análise de sua coleção de trajes pertencentes ao Museu Casa da Hera para demonstrar que Eufrásia utilizou a moda como instrumento de distinção, não obstante a sua situação de mulher celibatária.
A tripla transformação da vida humana
Authors: Oliva Jaime Tadeu , Fonseca Fernanda Padovesi
Published: April 2023

O texto faz uma avaliação crítica do livro lançado em 2021 pelo geógrafo Jacques Lévy (L’humanité: un commencement. Le tournant éthique de la société-Monde). Trata-se de uma edição francesa, mas de acesso ao público brasileiro, que de forma ensaística, rigorosa e criativa procura descrever mudanças vistas como fundamentais pelo autor no mundo contemporâneo, a saber: o processo de formação de uma sociedade-Mundo; a inexorabilidade da emergência da sociedade de indivíduos; e a virada ética. Na resenha, verticalizamos a análise tratando do capítulo 9 (“Rendre le futur habitable”) como um exemplo do tom geral da obra.
All‐Cause, Cardiovascular, and Stroke Mortality Among Foreign‐Born Versus US‐Born Individuals of African Ancestry
Authors: Looti Alain Lekoubou , Ovbiagele Bruce , Markovic Daniela , Towfighi Amytis
Published: April 2023

Background

Little is known about the effect of region of origin on all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and stroke mortality among Black individuals. We examined associations between nativity and mortality (all‐cause, cardiovascular, and stroke) in Black individuals in the United States.

Methods and Results

Using the National Health Interview Service 2000 to 2014 data and mortality‐linked files through 2015, we identified participants aged 25 to 74 years who self‐identified as Black (n=64 717). Using a Cox regression model, we examined the association between nativity and all‐cause, cardiovascular, and stroke mortality. We recorded 4329 deaths (205 stroke and 932 cardiovascular deaths). In the model adjusted for age and sex, compared with US‐born Black individuals, all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.44 [95% CI, 0.37–0.53]) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.44–0.87]) rates were lower among Black individuals born in the Caribbean, South America, and Central America, but stroke mortality rates were similar (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.52–1.94]). African‐born Black individuals had lower all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.27–0.69]) and lower cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.18–0.98]) but comparable stroke mortality (HR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.11–2.05]). When the model was further adjusted for education, income, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes, the difference in mortality between foreign‐born Black individuals and US‐born Black individuals was no longer significant. Time since migration did not significantly affect mortality outcomes among foreign‐born Black individuals.

Conclusions

In the United States, foreign‐born Black individuals had lower all‐cause mortality, a difference that was observed in recent and well‐established immigrants. Foreign‐born Black people had age‐ and sex‐adjusted lower cardiovascular mortality than US‐born Black people.
Age‐Related Macular Degeneration With Visual Disability Is Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Korean Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Jung Wonyoung , Han Kyungdo , Kim Bongseong , Hwang Sungsoon , Yoon Je Moon , Park Junhee , Lim Dong Hui , Shin Dong Wook
Published: April 2023

Background

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual disability. AMD shares some risk factors with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, previous studies examining the association between AMD and the risk of CVD provide conflicting results. Hence, we investigated the association between AMD, visual disability, and the risk of CVD.

Methods and Results

This is a nationwide cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance System database (2009–2019) on subjects who underwent a national health screening program in 2009. A total of 3 789 963 subjects were categorized by the presence of AMD and visual disability. Visual disability was defined as a best‐corrected visual acuity of ≤20/100 by validated documentation from a specialist physician. Cox regression hazard model was used to examine the hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD, including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, after adjusting for potential confounders. During a mean 9.77 years of follow‐up, AMD was associated with a 5% higher risk of myocardial infarction (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01–1.10]) but not associated with increased risk of overall CVD (aHR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00–1.05]) or ischemic stroke (aHR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.98–1.06]). However, when AMD was accompanied by visual disability, there was increased risk of CVD (aHR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.06–1.29]), myocardial infarction (aHR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.01–1.37]), and ischemic stroke (aHR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.06–1.35]). These trends were more evident in women and subjects with cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Conclusions

AMD with visual disability, but not all AMD, was associated with an increased risk of CVD. Patients with AMD who have visual disability should be targeted for CVD prevention.
Longitudinal Study of Left Ventricular Mass Index Trajectories and Risk of Mortality in Hypertension: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Dan , Huang Yu , Cai Anping , Yan Mengqi , Cheng Qi , Feng Xiaoxuan , Nie Zhiqiang , Feng Yingqing
Published: April 2023

Background

Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) has been extensively studied for its relationship with mortality but has been typically assessed at a single time point. We, therefore, describe the trajectory of LVMI in a population with hypertension over 6 years to study the subsequent risk of mortality.

Methods and Results

We assessed LVMI that was collected during annual health examinations in round 1 (2010–2012), round 2 (2013–2014), and round 3 (2015–2016) with 2 allometric scalings, height
2.7
, and body surface area, in a cohort of participants with hypertension to identify 6‐year trajectories of LVMI by latent class trajectory modeling. We followed up with participants for mortality by latent trajectory from the last echocardiographic examination (September 17, 2014–December 8, 2016) to December 31, 2018. We calculated mortality hazard ratios by assigned trajectory using Cox proportional hazards models. We obtained data for LVMI from 2453 participants (mean age, 61.80 [SD, 12.14] years, 1428 [58.2%] female). We identified 3 trajectories of LVM/H
2.7
, characterized by maintained low stable (1298 [52.9%]); moderate stable (935 [38.1%]); high stable (220 [9.0%]), as well as 3 trajectories by LVM/body surface area. During a median follow‐up of 2.15 years, 167 participants developed all‐cause mortality, and 71 were cardiovascular mortality. Only the high stable trajectory was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality compared with the low stable trajectory by LVM/H
2.7
or LVM/body surface area (all
P
<0.05). In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, the trajectory with high stable LVM/body surface area had significantly lower survival probability.

Conclusions

In community hypertension, the individuals with high stable LVMI trajectory had the highest risk of all‐cause mortality. The individuals in the moderate stable trajectory had a similar risk for mortality as those in the low stable trajectory.
Contemporary Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the United States: Insights From the CASCADE FH Registry
Authors: Cuchel Marina , Lee Paul C. , Hudgins Lisa C. , Duell P. Barton , Ahmad Zahid , Baum Seth J. , Linton MacRae F. , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Larry John A. , Hemphill Linda C. , Kindt Iris , Gidding Samuel S. , Martin Seth S. , Moriarty Patrick M. , Thompson Paul P. , Underberg James A. , Guyton John R. , Andersen Rolf L. , Whellan David J. , Benuck Irwin , Kane John P. , Myers Kelly , Howard William , Staszak David , Jamison Allison , Card Mary C. , Bourbon Mafalda , Chora Joana R. , Rader Daniel J. , Knowles Joshua W. , Wilemon Katherine , McGowan Mary P.
Published: April 2023

Background

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare, treatment‐resistant disorder characterized by early‐onset atherosclerotic and aortic valvular cardiovascular disease if left untreated. Contemporary information on HoFH in the United States is lacking, and the extent of underdiagnosis and undertreatment is uncertain.

Methods and Results

Data were analyzed from 67 children and adults with clinically diagnosed HoFH from the CASCADE (Cascade Screening for Awareness and Detection) FH Registry. Genetic diagnosis was confirmed in 43 patients. We used the clinical characteristics of genetically confirmed patients with HoFH to query the Family Heart Database, a US anonymized payer health database, to estimate the number of patients with similar lipid profiles in a “real‐world” setting. Untreated low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in adults than children (533 versus 776 mg/dL;
P
=0.001). At enrollment, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and supravalvular and aortic valve stenosis were present in 78.4% and 43.8% and 25.5% and 18.8% of adults and children, respectively. At most recent follow‐up, despite multiple lipid‐lowering treatment, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol goals were achieved in only a minority of adults and children. Query of the Family Heart Database identified 277 individuals with profiles similar to patients with genetically confirmed HoFH. Advanced lipid‐lowering treatments were prescribed for 18%; 40% were on no lipid‐lowering treatment; atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was reported in 20%; familial hypercholesterolemia diagnosis was uncommon.

Conclusions

Only patients with the most severe HoFH phenotypes are diagnosed early. HoFH remains challenging to treat. Results from the Family Heart Database indicate HoFH is systemically underdiagnosed and undertreated. Earlier screening, aggressive lipid‐lowering treatments, and guideline implementation are required to reduce disease burden in HoFH.
Blood Pressure Variability in Clinical Practice: Past, Present and the Future
Authors: Sheikh Abu Baker , Sobotka Paul A. , Garg Ishan , Dunn Jessilyn P. , Minhas Abdul Mannan Khan , Shandhi Md Mobashir Hasan , Molinger Jeroen , McDonnell Barry J. , Fudim Marat
Published: April 2023

Recent advances in wearable technology through convenient and cuffless systems will enable continuous, noninvasive monitoring of blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and heart rhythm on both longitudinal 24‐hour measurement scales and high‐frequency beat‐to‐beat BP variability and synchronous heart rate variability and changes in underlying heart rhythm. Clinically, BP variability is classified into 4 main types on the basis of the duration of monitoring time: very‐short‐term (beat to beat), short‐term (within 24 hours), medium‐term (within days), and long‐term (over months and years). BP variability is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline, and mental illness. The diagnostic and therapeutic value of measuring and controlling BP variability may offer critical targets in addition to lowering mean BP in hypertensive populations.
Aortic Stenosis and Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Teppo Konsta , Airaksinen K. E. Juhani , Biancari Fausto , Jaakkola Jussi , Halminen Olli , Linna Miika , Haukka Jari , Putaala Jukka , Mustonen Pirjo , Kinnunen Janne , Luojus Alex , Hartikainen Juha , Aro Aapo L. , Lehto Mika
Published: April 2023

Background

Patients with aortic stenosis (AS) have been underrepresented in the trials evaluating direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to assess whether AS impacts outcomes in patients with AF and estimate the effects of DOACs versus warfarin in patients with AF and AS.

Methods and Results

The registry‐based FinACAF (Finnish Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation) study covered all patients with AF diagnosed during 2007 to 2018 in Finland. Hazard ratios (HRs) of first‐ever gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial bleeding, any bleeding, ischemic stroke, and death were estimated with cause‐specific hazards regression adjusted for anticoagulant exposure variables. We identified 183 946 patients (50.5% women; mean age, 71.7 [SD, 13.5] years) with incident AF without prior bleeding or ischemic stroke, of whom 5231 (2.8%) had AS. The crude incidence rate of all outcomes was higher in patients with AS than in patients without AS. After propensity score matching, AS was associated with the hazard of any bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and death but not with intracranial bleeding or ischemic stroke (adjusted HRs, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.25–1.48], 1.63 [95% CI, 1.43–1.86], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.26–1.38], 0.96 [95% CI, 0.78–1.17], and 1.11 [95% CI, 0.99–1.25], respectively). Among patients with AS, DOACs were associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke when compared with warfarin, while bleeding and mortality did not differ between DOACs and warfarin.

Conclusions

AS is associated with substantially higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with AF. DOACs may be more effective in preventing ischemic stroke than warfarin in patients with AF and AS.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04645537.
Seiitaoides sandyi n. sp., a new species of spider crab (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae) from New Caledonia
Authors: Richer de Forges Bertrand , Ng Peter K. L.
Published: April 2023

Four species of Seiitaoides Griffin & Tranter, 1986 (Majoidea: Majidae) are now known from the Indo-West Pacific. A fifth species, Seiitaoides sandyi n. sp., is described here from deeper waters in New Caledonia. This tiny species is most similar to S. orientalis (Sakai, 1961) from the western Pacific, but differs markedly by the shape and armature of the supraorbital eave, carapace regions and plates, as well as structure and proportions of the male thoracic sternum, ambulatory legs and male first gonopod.
A new species of Palaemonella (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) associated with scleractinian corals of the genus Euphyllia Dana
Authors: Fransen Charles H. J. M. , Van der Veer Eva , Ďuriš Zdeněk
Published: April 2023

A new species of Palaemonella, P. sandyi sp. nov., is described on the basis of specimens collected in association with euphylliid scleractinian corals, Euphyllia glabrescens and E. cristata. Material was collected from the Maldives, Cebu in the Philippines, Semporna in Malaysia, and from Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Ternate and Raja Ampat in Indonesia. The new species is similar to P. colemani and P. euphyllius, which are associated with euphylliid corals of the genus Fimbriaphyllia. The new species can be distinguished from P. colemani and P. euphyllius, as well as from the species P. philippinensis and P. smiti, which are both symbionts with plerogyrid scleractinians, on the basis of morphological characters in the rostrum and ambulatory pereiopods, colouration, and molecular data.
Anomie Theories of Durkheim and Merton
Authors: Faizi Iraj , Nayebi Hooshang
Published: April 2023

The theory of anomie has two main theorists: Durkheim, its founder, and Merton, who developed it. However, Durkheim’s theory of anomie is very different from Merton’s. This difference has been largely ignored due to the dominance of Merton’s theory in sociological research. The purpose of this article is to explain these theories and to explore their differences. This article shows that the differences between Durkheim’s and Merton’s theories of anomie are mainly in explaining anomie, precedence and latency of factors, studied societies, origin of aspirations, impact of poverty and class on anomie and scope of explanation. The ignorance of these theoretical differences has led to ambiguities in meaning and differences in the definition and measuring methods for anomie, while each of these theories has distinct capabilities that, by better understanding these differences, can be used to research a range of social issues such as social deviations.
Intelligence Inequality and Income Inequality
Authors: Wright Simon , Kirkegaard Emil O. W.
Published: April 2023

This article evaluates the relationship between inequality in cognitive test scores across countries and income inequality. By meta-analyzing the standard deviations in PISA results from 2000 to 2018, the authors construct a measure of intelligence inequalities across countries. They then test this measure to investigate if it has any association with income inequality as measured by the gini index. Across all models and subsamples, the authors do not find a positive association between intelligence inequality and income inequality. In models where the coefficient is statistically significant, the direction is unexpectedly negative, implying greater intelligence inequality is associated with lower income inequality. This is contrary to theoretical predictions of a positive association between these variables. Finally, the authors also find some evidence that greater mean intelligence is associated with lower levels of income inequality.
Explaining Global Inequities in Measles Vaccination Rates
Authors: Mejia Steven A.
Published: April 2023

Measles has long plagued human societies. Measles vaccines are highly effective in preventing this disease, but there are striking inequities in vaccination rates between developed and less-developed countries. Scholars have long argued that foreign investment dependence explains global inequities in development outcomes more broadly. The author argues that debt dependence is what matters for such empirical observations. He evaluates his argument using fixed effects panel regression models of 97 less-developed countries from 1990–2019. The empirical evidence supports his argument.
Greed, Outrage, and Civil Conflict in Aristotle’s Politics
Authors: Balot Ryan K.
Published: April 2023

Scholars generally agree that, according to Aristotle, factionalizers are motivated by a sense of injustice (the ‘first cause’) to redress imbalances in wealth and honor (the ‘second cause’). Recent discussions, however, have offered a misleading interpretation of Aristotle’s third cause, which he identifies as the origin of the factionalizers’ sense of injustice. It involves, most importantly, greed, hubris, and other factors such as fear and ‘disproportionate growth’. In conversation with a recent publication in Polis, this article restores the third cause to its proper place in Aristotle’s account. Abusive power holders, driven by greed, hubris, and overreaching, oppress their fellow citizens – following in the tradition of Homer’s Agamemnon, Hesiod’s basileis, and Solon’s aristocrats. These power holders prompt a sense of anger, indignation, and injustice in their fellow citizens, who ultimately form factions and take action on their own behalf.