bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Provision of online HIV-related information to gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: a health literacy-informed critical appraisal of Canadian agency websites
Authors: Gilbert Mark , Michelow Warren , Dulai Joshun , Wexel Daniel , Hart Trevor , Young Ingrid , Martin Susan , Flowers Paul , Donelle Lorie , Ferlatte Olivier
Published: April 2024

Background: HIV risk and prevention information is increasingly complex and poses challenges for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) seeking to find, understand and apply this information. A directed content analysis of Canadian HIV websites to see what information is provided, how it is presented and experienced by users, was conducted.

Methods: Eligible sites provided information relevant for GBMSM on HIV risk or prevention, were from community or government agencies, and were aimed at the public. Sites were found by using a Google search using French and English search terms, from expert suggestions and a review of links. Eligibility and content for review was determined by two reviewers, and coded using a standardised form. Reading grade level and usability scores were assessed through Flesch-Kincaid and LIDA instruments.

Results: Of 50 eligible sites, 78% were from community agencies and 26% were focussed on GBMSM. Overall, fewer websites contained information on more recent biomedical advances (e.g. pre-exposure prophylaxis, 10%) or community-based prevention strategies (e.g. seroadaptive positioning, 10%). Many sites had high reading levels, used technical language and relied on text and prose. And 44% of websites had no interactive features and most had poor usability scores for engageability.

Conclusions: Overall, less information about emerging topics and a reliance on text with high reading requirements was observed. Our study speaks to potential challenges for agency website operators to maintain information relevant to GBMSM which is up-to-date, understandable for a range of health literacy skills and optimises user experience.
Associations between psychosocial factors and antiretroviral therapy outcomes differ by gender and sexual orientation among people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Closson Kalysha , Nicholson Valerie , Lee Melanie , McLinden Taylor , Cassidy-Matthews Chenoa , Card Kiffer G. , Marziali Megan E. , Trigg Jason , Wang Lu , Parashar Surita , Montaner Julio S. G. , Gibbs Andrew , Hart Trevor , Kaida Angela , S. Hogg Robert
Published: April 2024

Little is known about how the co-occurrence of psychosocial factors affect sub-populations of people living with HIV (PLWH). We used cross-sectional data from 999 PLWH, aged ≥19, accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in British Columbia, Canada (2007-2010) to examine associations between psychosocial factors and ART-related outcomes separately for trans/cis inclusive women; heterosexual men; and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between psychosocial factors (0-3): any violence in the past 6 months, depressive symptoms in the past week, and current street drug use (heroin, crack, meth or speedball) with sub-optimal adherence (outcome 1: average annual ART adherence <95% from interview until end of follow-up, death, or December 31st, 2018) and ever viral rebound (outcome 2) adjusting for potential confounders. Of 999 PLWH (264 women, 382 heterosexual men, and 353 gbMSM), women and heterosexual men had significantly higher median counts than gbMSM. Overall, higher counts were associated with sub-optimal adherence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.26/1-unit increase, 95%CI = 1.07-1.49). All effect estimates were of a greater magnitude among gbMSM, but not significant for women or heterosexual men, highlighting the need for population (e.g., gender and sexual orientation)-centered care and research.
Crystal methamphetamine use and bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among gay, bisexual and other sexual minority men in Canada
Authors: Hart Trevor , Noor Syed W. , Tavangar Farideh , Berlin Graham W. , Skakoon-Sparling Shayna , H. S. Tan Darrell , Lambert Gilles , Grace Daniel , Jollimore Jody , Sang Jordan M. , Kirschbaum Allison L. , Kanji Rahim , Apelian Herak , Cox Joseph , Moore David M , Lachowsky Nathan
Published: April 2024

Objective: While crystal methamphetamine use by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) is associated with increased risk for sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission, less is understood about the causal pathways between crystal methamphetamine use and STIs. We examined whether the association between greater crystal methamphetamine risk and prevalent bacterial STI diagnosis among GBM was mediated by two types of attitudinal variables: attitudes toward condoms, and sexual escape motives, defined as the use of substances to escape self-awareness during sex, and by sexual behaviors.

Methods: We used computer-assisted self-interview questionnaires from 2449 sexually active GBM (18% living with HIV; median age = 33, interquartile range, 27-45) recruited via respondent-driven sampling in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal, Canada. Using the baseline data from the Engage cohort study, we fit a series of structural mediation models of the associations between greater crystal methamphetamine risk and bacterial STI (syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia) diagnosis. We estimated indirect paths from greater crystal methamphetamine risk, attitudes toward condoms, sexual escape motives, and sexual risk behaviors, adjusting for self-reported demographic variables.

Results: In the mediated model, the direct association between greater crystal methamphetamine risk and bacterial STI diagnosis was non-significant; however, five indirect paths were significant. Greater crystal methamphetamine risk was associated with bacterial STIs via condom use attitudes and escape motives, which in turn were associated with number of male anal sex partners, condomless anal sex, and oral sex.

Discussion: Public health and counselling interventions for GBM who use crystal methamphetamine and who are at higher risk for STIs should target evidence-based causal paths that consider sexual attitudes and sexual practices.
Mental health services use and depressive symptom scores among gay and bisexual men in Canada
Authors: Marbaniang Ivan , Rose Eric , E. M. Moodie Erica , Hart Trevor , Cox Joseph
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the association between mental health services (MHS) use and depressive symptom scores among gay and bisexual men (GBM) and compare with heterosexual men in Canada.

Methods: We used data from the 2015-2016 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-9 questionnaire (prior two weeks). MHS consultations with any licensed mental health professional (prior year) were categorized as 0, 1, 2-11, ≥ 12. We fit linear regression models to quantify the associations between MHS use and PHQ-9 scores, with an interaction term for sexual identity (GBM and heterosexual men). Models were adjusted for socioeconomic and health-related indicators.

Results: Among 21,383 men, 97.3% self-identified as heterosexual and 2.7% as GBM. Compared to heterosexual men, GBM used any MHS (21% vs. 10%, p < 0.05) and consulted ≥ 2 health professionals for their mental health (6% vs. 2%, p < 0.05) in the preceding year more frequently. Overall, mean PHQ-9 scores were higher among GBM compared to heterosexual men (3.9 vs. 2.3, p < 0.05). Relative to no consultations, higher MHS use (2-11, ≥ 12 consultations) was associated with higher PHQ-9 scores (1.4-4.9 points higher). Associations between MHS use and PHQ-9 scores did not differ statistically between GBM and heterosexual men.

Conclusion: Our findings were inconclusive in demonstrating a difference between heterosexual men and GBM for the association between MHS use and PHQ-9 scores. However, GBM consistently had higher average PHQ-9 scores for every category of consultations. Considering the higher use of MHS and higher burden of depressive symptoms among GBM, more research is needed.
Queering Public Health: A Critical Examination of Healthcare Access and Gender Expression among Trans, Nonbinary, and Other Gender Nonconforming People during COVID-19
Authors: Grey Cornel , Sinno Jad , Zhang Haochuan , Daroya Emerich , Skakoon-Sparling Shayna , Klassen Ben , Lessard David , Hart Trevor , Cox Joseph , Stewart Mackenzie , Grace Daniel
Published: April 2024

Research documenting the impact of COVID-19 on Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) populations in Canada is limited. Our objectives were to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the lives of trans, nonbinary, and other gender nonconforming (TGNC) people. Engage COVID-19 is a mixed methods study examining the impact of COVID-19 on gay, bisexual, queer, and other men who have sex with men (GBQM) living in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal, Canada. Using purposive sampling, we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews (between November 2020–February 2021 and June–October 2021) with 93 participants who discussed the impact of COVID-19 on their lives. Seventeen participants were identified as TGNC. TGNC participants reported barriers to trans healthcare during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several participants indicated that some public health interventions during COVID-19 (i.e., lockdowns) eased the pressure to “perform” gender due to fewer in-person interactions. During lockdowns, TGNC participants increasingly cultivated community networks online. Nevertheless, participants reported longing for the social support that was available to them during pre-COVID. Lack of access to community spaces during lockdowns had a negative impact on participants’ mental health, despite reduced pressure to perform gender and opportunities for social engagement in online spaces.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Trauma and Self-Care to Treat Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Support HIV Care Engagement Among Men With HIV Who Have Sex With Men: A Case Series
Authors: Braunewell Emily , Stanton Amelia M. , Fitch Calvin , McKetchnie Samantha M. , Westphal Laura , Hart Trevor , O'Cleirigh Conall
Published: April 2024

There is a strong need for clinical interventions that improve engagement in HIV care among men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV who have histories of trauma. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has substantial support for treating posttraumatic stress among people with HIV and among HIV-negative MSM. In this population, posttraumatic responses can include both general avoidance of distress related to the trauma but also specific avoidance of HIV-related stimuli that can reduce engagement in HIV care. The present paper introduces an application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Trauma and Self-Care (CBT-TSC), which integrates CBT strategies to address posttraumatic stress symptoms with the Life-Steps framework, an evidence-based, single-session problem-solving intervention that increases adherence to antiretroviral therapies. Other CBT components include psychoeducation and the reduction of specific trauma symptoms, including avoidance and negative self-beliefs that can act as barriers to care engagement. The intervention is presented via four individual case studies. These cases demonstrate the ways in which CBT-TSC can be used to support mental health and self-care among MSM with HIV who have histories of trauma and are facing barriers to full participation in HIV care.
SUSTAINABLE SMART SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP BY CATWOE MODEL IN GUNUNG KIDUL, CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Deti Regina , Evienia P Benedicta , Kusuma Stephanus Eri , Handayani Penny , Amanda Astri
Published: April 2024

Increasing the economy in Gunung Kidul can be encouraged by utilizing the potential resources in the area. However, with the limitations of the community managing these resources, the economy in Gunung Kidul is still not optimal. It makes the district with the second highest poverty rate in the Province of DIY. The economic problems faced by the people of Gunung Kidul can be overcome by using a social approach. This can be developed and used as an opportunity for the local community to improve their welfare. Therefore, this study aims to develop sustainable social entrepreneurship (sustainable smart social entrepreneurship) that can be instilled in the Gunung Kidul area and have a positive economic impact on the local community. This research method uses three stages, namely problem formulation, data collection, and data analysis. Data collection was taken from literature studies, distributing questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) in the Gunung Kidul area. Furthermore, the data that has been collected will be mapped using CATWOE, so that we can see the causal relationships that occur. It is hoped that it can show the influence of the variables that have an impact on social entrepreneurship that is sustainable and can be invested in the Gunung Kidul area as optimally as possible.
E-COMMERCE TO SUPPORT MARKETING IN ASRILOKA WONOSALAM
Authors: Maulana Hendra , Alit Ronggo , Aqidatun Nisa Diana
Published: April 2024

The internet is an electronic tool that can be used for various activities such as communications, research, business transactions and others. Internet technology connects thousands of computer networks individuals and organizations around the world that internet technology is so popular. As is the sophistication of computer technology, all limitations in facilities, distance and transaction time can be overcome with easy. With just a "click" customers can get the items they want, they can find out what they want as desired and can carry out transactions with anyone without being limited by time and distance. In supporting its effectiveness, these sites continue to update and improve their features so as to make it easier for sellers to advertise their products and services, such as easy to access via Android and Blackberry mobile smartphones. The convenience offered making more and more sellers want to become members to market their goods and services. In product or service marketing activities, the focus required by the seller is subsequent promotion determine the channel to use. Advertising on e-commerce site channels is certainly expected have a positive impact on sellers. Effective marketing channels will be able to provide benefits and positive impacts in achieving the goals of marketing activities themselves. Besides that allows for the cultivation of relationships between sellers and buyers to interact with each other sustainable.
LGBT In Criminal Code: A Dialeectics Of Morals And Human Rights From Prophetic Legal Perspective
Authors: Sophian Yahya Selajar  , Enggar  Wijayanto
Published: April 2024

The existence of LGBT individuals in Indonesia remains a contentious topic in society due to the perceived deviation from social norms in their orientation and behavior. Opinions on how to address LGBT individuals vary greatly, with some supporting their rights and others opposing them based on differing interpretations of human rights and moral and religious values. One prevalent discourse is to criminalize LGBT behavior as a violation of public decency in the reform of the Criminal Code. However, problems arise due to the lack of clarity in regulations and how to address the group from moral and human rights perspectives. This paper will discuss the ratio legis of LGBT regulation in national criminal law with human rights and morality variables, using the perspective of prophetic law. The data collection method is a library research model, and secondary data is used with descriptive-qualitative analysis techniques. The study found that the inclusion of LGBT elements in the national criminal law reform is a preventive measure taken by the state to curb the potential impact of LGBT on society. However, it is important to note that this reform is limited to criminal acts of decency and does not imply an implicit prohibition. It is crucial to maintain public morality without discriminating against any particular group. The principle of human rights and morals in Indonesia is based on Pancasila, which serves as the philosophical foundation and the ideals of national law. Therefore, LGBT sexual orientation and behavior are not accepted. The regulation of LGBT in the Criminal Code reaffirms the basic principles of the state built on the Almighty God and considers the legal system holistically, not limited to the principle of legal positivism, but also including morals as the substance of law.
CRIME IN MARRIAGE
Authors: Rizki Maulana  , Dhiauddin Tanjung
Published: April 2024

Currently, the provision regarding the offence of adultery is regulated in Article 284 of the Criminal Code. One of the reasons for this regulation is to protect marriage from things such as vigilante actions based on adultery and the spread of disease, as well as other potentially damaging influences such as the rapidly growing prostitution industry which poses a threat to society. The punishment received by the perpetrator is a maximum imprisonment of 9 months in accordance with Article 284 paragraph (1) number 1 letter a of the Criminal Code. If your husband or wife has an affair, they, and others, are all responsible. The spouse of the person having the affair is also caught in the net by the provisions of this article. Article 284 of the KUHP defines adultery as an "offence of complaint", meaning that a complaint must come from the spouse of the adulterer before criminal proceedings can commence. In Islam, engaging in adultery carries heavy condemnation and guilt. Divorce is a legal option for infidelity and marital discord. Moreover, infidelity is also synonymous with adultery, a vice condemned by most religions.
THE LEGAL CAPACITY (AL-AHLIYYAH) OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FROM AN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENTIAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sitiris Miszairi , Busari Saheed Abdullahi
Published: April 2024

Capacity is the legal right and empowerment of a legal person to individual responsibility. A legal person has the right to social, economic, and political duties and responsibilities in the society to sue and be sued in the law court. However, the issue of artificial persons has been gaining attention in recent times, especially its legal capacity. This paper examines the legal capacity of Artificial Intelligence from Islamic jurisprudential perspective. For instance, legal and juristic issues remain around the legal capacity of humanoids like Sophia Robot which was granted the first full citizenship in Saudi Arabia. Does that citizenship translate to full rights and responsibility like a normal human? The study uses a qualitative method to employ the doctrinal approach of analyzing Islamic jurisprudential opinions on the legal personality of an artificial person. Although there are Islamic thresholds on minors and other interdicted persons, however, the study explores the extent of interpolating classical Islamic rulings of the legal capacity of certain corporations, entities, and interdicted persons on the artificial intelligence robot. The study found that an artificial intelligence robot does not have the complete traits to be considered for natural legal capacity. However, AI has the trait of artificial personality that is justified in Islamic jurisprudence. The vicarious tortious liability can be interpolated on the artificial personality of AI to ensure the protection of the public interest. Therefore, this study lays the groundwork for further studies in understanding how Islamic law can address the rights, responsibilities, and ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI, thereby facilitating the development of comprehensive, and religiously sensitive regulatory frameworks.
Mutual regulation of CD4+ T cells and intravascular fibrin in infections
Authors: Mueller Tonina T. , Pilartz Mona , Thakur Manovriti , LangHeinrich Torben , Luo Junfu , Block Rebecca , Hoeflinger Jonathan K.L. , Meister Sarah , Karaj Flavio , Perez Laura Garcia , Öllinger Rupert , Engleitner Thomas , Thoss Jakob , Voelkl Michael , Tersteeg Claudia , Koedel Uwe , Kohlmaier Alexander Zigman , Teupser Daniel , Wygrecka Malgorzata , Ye Haifeng , Preissner Klaus T. , Radbruch Helena , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Mack Matthias , Von Hundelshausen Philipp , Weber Christian , Massberg Steffen , Schulz Christian , Rad Roland , Huber Samuel , Ishikawa-Ankerhold Hellen , Engelmann Bernd
Published: April 2024

Innate myeloid cells especially neutrophils and their extracellular traps are known to promote intravascular coagulation and thrombosis formation in infections and various other conditions. Innate myeloid cell dependent fibrin formation can support systemic immunity while its dysregulation enhances the severity of infectious diseases. Less is known about the immune mechanisms preventing dysregulation of fibrin homeostasis in infection. During experimental systemic infections local fibrin deposits in the liver microcirculation cause rapid arrest of CD4+ T cells. Arrested T helper cells mostly represent Th17 cells that partially originate from the small intestine. Intravascular fibrin deposits activate mouse and human CD4+ T cells which can be mediated by direct fibrin - CD4+ T cell interactions. Activated CD4+ T cells suppress fibrin deposition and microvascular thrombosis by directly counteracting coagulation activation by neutrophils and classical monocytes. T cell activation, which is initially triggered by IL- 12p40- and MHC-II dependent mechanisms, enhances intravascular fibrinolysis via LFA-1. Moreover, CD4+ T cells disfavor the association of the fibrinolysis inhibitor TAFI with fibrin whereby fibrin deposition is increased by TAFI in the absence but not presence of T cells. In human infections thrombosis development is inversely related to microvascular levels of CD4+ T cells. Thus, fibrin promotes LFA-1 dependent T helper cell activation in infections which drives a negative feedback cycle that rapidly restricts intravascular fibrin and thrombosis development.
Prognostic relevance of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ cells and total metabolic tumor volume-based risk stratification in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Ikeda Daisuke , Oura Mitsuaki , Uehara Atsushi , Tabata Rikako , Narita Kentaro , Takeuchi Masami , Machida Youichi , Matsue Kosei
Published: April 2024

To elucidate the relationship between pre-treatment radiomic parameters and the proportions of various tumour-infiltrating (TI) cells, we retrospectively analysed the association of total metabolic tumour volume (TMTV) and TI cells on biopsied tumour lesions in 171 patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The surface markers of TI cells were analysed by multicolour flow cytometry using a dissected single-cell suspension. In examining the correlation between TI cells and PET-derived parameters (SUVmax, TMTV, and total lesion glycolysis), intratumoural cell types minimally influenced the results, except for a weak negative correlation between CD4+ cells and SUVmax (R=-0.16, P=0.045). Even for the lesion fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at the biopsied site, CD19+ cells (indicative of malignant burden) showed only a weak correlation with the highest SUV (R=0.21, P=0.009), whereas CD3+ (R=-0.25, P=0.002) and CD4+ cells (R=-0.29, P
Some Problematic Issues of Organizing Scientific Research in the Field of Disaster Medicine
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bobiy B.V.
Published: April 2024

Summary. The objectives of the study are to analyze and give a general assessment of the organization of scientific research on the problems of disaster medicine, including within the framework of dissertation works carried out mainly by specialists of the Disaster Medicine Service (QMS) of the Russian Ministry of Health; outline the main directions for its further improvement. Materials and methods of research. Research materials – regulatory, program and methodological documents regulating the procedure for organizing scientific research on the problems of disaster medicine in 1994–2020: all (116) dissertation works defended in the dissertation council in the specialty 05.26.02 “Safety in emergency situations (medicine) disasters)”, which operated in 1996–2020. at the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine “Zashchita” (VTsMK “Zashchita”); data from expert assessment cards on the research topic, filled out by the teaching staff of the departments: disaster medicine, mobilization training of health care and disaster medicine, disaster medicine and life safety of educational organizations of higher medical and additional professional education of the Ministry of Health of Russia; scientific works and publications devoted to the study of problematic issues in disaster medicine. When carrying out the study, the following methods were used: methods of content analysis and expert assessment; statistical, analytical, bibliographic methods and field observation method. Research results and their analysis. The results of the study are presented, characterizing the state of the organization of scientific research on problematic issues of disaster medicine, including within the framework of dissertations carried out by specialists from medical organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Health of Russia. Reasonable proposals were made to improve the organization of scientific research in disaster medicine.
Perencanaan Strategis Pengembangan Usaha Ekonomi Mikro Islam di Koperasi Pesantren Al-Qodiri Jember
Authors: Villa Villatus
Published: April 2024

Salah satu usaha yang termasuk unit ekonomi mikro Islam adalah koperasi syariah. Pada perkembangannya sampai saat ini, koperasi syariah menghadapi berbagai masalah, termasuk masalah pendanaan. Untuk menghadapi masalah tersebut, salah satu upaya strategis yang dapat dilakukan oleh adalah menerapkan perencanaan strategi yang baik agar dapat menentukan langkah yang yang tepat daam menghadapi segala permasalahan yang ada. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan perencanaan strategi pengembangan usaha ekonomi mikro Islam di koperasi Pesantren Al-Qodiri Jember. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Perencanan strategi pengembangan usaha ekonomi mikro Islam di koperasi Pesantren Al-Qodiri Jember melalui beberapa tahap, di antaranya: 1) analisis lingkungan baik lingkungan internal maupun eksternal koperasi pesantren Al-Qodiri Jember. 2) berdasarkan analisis SWOT posisi Koperasi Pesantren Al-Qodiri Jember berada pada kuadran II sehingga berada pada masa tumbuh dan membangun (grow and build). Strategi yang cocok bagi badan usaha yang berada pada posisi Grow and Build adalah strategi intensif  diantaranya adalah a) Memperluas dan memperkuat jaringan dan kerja sama dengan semua pihak yang terkait; b) Pengembangan dan perluasan koperasi pesantren Al-Qodiri Jember; dan c) Perluasan ekspansi pasar di beberapa tempat di luar pesantren.
Program Lumbung Pangan Mandiri Lembaga Yatim Mandiri Desa Kapas Kecamatan Kunjang Kabupaten Kediri Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Fawaâ€™id Muhamad Wildan
Published: April 2024

Kemiskinan dan Pengangguran adalah dua sisi mata uang yang tidak bisa dipisahkan antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Tidak meratanya distribusi kekayaan menjadi sebab utamanya. Kekayaan hanyalah dimiliki oleh segelintir orang saja, termasuk tanah-tanah produktif yang sejatinya bisa dimiliki oleh banyak orang. Solusi untuk ini semua adalah zakat. Zakat menjadi penyeimbang ekonomi masyarakat, mengalirkan harta dari muzakki kepada mustahiq untuk berbagai keperluan, tidak hanya makanan pokok, namun juga bisa digunakan untuk mengembangkan usaha umat, mengangkat derajat mustahiq menjadi muzakki-muzakki baru yang berdaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Model pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan aqad Qardlu Hasan. Penelitian ini berada di desa Kapas Kecamatan Kunjang Kabupaten Kediri, dengan total wilayah pertanian Gabungan Kelompok Tani (Gapoktan) seluas 5 hektar. Hasil dari penelitian ini ekonomi petani meningkat, sedangkan Lembaga Yatim mandiri memiliki lumbung pangan mandiri untuk proses program beras yang lebih lancar. Dari pada membeli beras kepada tengkulak, dan yang diuntungkan hanya satu pihak saja, maka lebih baik membeli dari petani sekitar Lembaga.
THE PURPOSES OF THE APPLICATION OF CRIMINAL PENALTIES AND THE REASONS FOR THEIR NON-ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Antipov Aleksej Nikolaevich
Published: April 2024

The currently used quantitative characteristics of the performance indicators of the penal enforcement system do not reflect its qualitative transformations, which is confirmed by the gradual accumulation of criminally neglected part of the population in correctional institutions, a consistently high and permanently increasing number of crimes committed. The article substantiates the need for scientific research in the field of clarifying the goals of the application of criminal penalties, determining the level of their effectiveness, the effectiveness of the main means of achieving them.
Disciplinary measures against persons in custody provided for by The Penitentiary Code of France: author’s translation and a brief comparative analysis with the provisions of the Russian penal enforcement legislation
Authors: Davydova Irina
Published: April 2024

The article contains the text of the author’s translation of the section. III

«Disciplinary measures against persons in custody», contained in Book II «Detention in a penitentiary institution» of the Penitentiary Code of France. Within the framework of a brief comparative analysis, attention is drawn to a number of problems of law enforcement activities of the administration of correctional institutions in Russia related to the lack of proper legislative regulation of certain aspects concerning the grounds, types and procedure for the application of penalties, the need to improve the penal enforcement legislation of Russia taking into account foreign experience is noted.
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the spatio-temporal distribution of infectious agents in early marine Chinook and coho salmon
Authors: Bass AL , Anderson SC , Bateman AW , Connors BM , Peña MA , Li S , Kaukinen KH , Patterson DA , Hinch SG , Miller KM
Published: April 2024

Understanding the factors driving the spatial distribution of infectious agents in populations is key to predicting infectious agent distributions under future ecological and anthropogenic scenarios. We applied a geostatistical analysis to a data set of 59 infectious agents assayed in thousands of Chinook and coho salmon in their first marine year to identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the probability and density (infectious agent load) of infection. Meta-analysis of the pathogen-specific geostatistical models indicated that sea surface salinity was the extrinsic factor most frequently associated with infection probability and density for a majority of infectious agents. In addition, agents that were categorized as having a moderate risk of transmission from aquaculture to wild salmon were more likely to occur, and at higher infection densities, in fish collected closer to active aquaculture facilities. Although hypotheses pertaining to other intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including age at ocean entry, known hatchery origin, and sea surface temperature deviation, were not supported by the meta-analysis results, some individual agents demonstrated strong associations with these factors. Our results suggest that climate-change-driven shifts in coastal seawater salinity (and to a lesser extent, temperature) may result in changes to the infection dynamics of several infectious agents. In addition, our results contribute to existing evidence characterizing the risk of infectious agent transmission from netpen aquaculture to free-ranging salmon.
Hunting tactics of southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina and anti-predatory behaviours of their prey
Authors: Chevallay M , Guinet C , Goulet P , Jeanniard du Dot T
Published: April 2024

For air-breathing marine predators that must save energy during dives, the ability to adopt hunting tactics that minimise the risk of triggering an escape reaction from the prey is crucial for efficient foraging. Female southern elephant seals (SES) Mirounga leonina forage on small mesopelagic prey that they must hunt almost continuously to meet their high-energy requirements. Here we aimed at understanding how these large time-limited deep-divers can efficiently exploit their small-sized prey. To do so, we used data recorded by a new biologger, the sonar tag, deployed on SES during their post-breeding foraging trips. This tag combines an active acoustic sensor with ultra-high-resolution movement and bioluminescence sensors. This combination of sensors offers a unique opportunity to simultaneously describe SES hunting tactics and defence mechanisms of their prey. We analysed more than 5800 prey capture events in 9 SES and show that they adopt a ‘stalking’ hunting behaviour, allowing them to get as close as possible to their prey before attacking. The ability of SES to adopt stealth approach tactics, minimising the risk of initiating a flight reaction from their prey, might be a key factor in the success of this far-ranging generalist predator.
Trust in the Shadows
Authors:   , Macanovic Ana
Published: April 2024

Many forms of cooperative relations in our society require mutual trust between parties. Trust is usually supported by legal institutions or personal relationships. However, some societal contexts lack institutionalized guarantees enforced by the legal system and long-standing personal relationships. This dissertation explores how people establish trust in uncertain situations where legal arrangements and personal relationships are not present. First, we map the conditions that lead social groups to develop social norms that help identify trustworthy individuals in uncertain social contexts. Then, we turn to online marketplaces for illegal trade as an intriguing context for the exploration of trust in adverse settings. We first find that market participants rely on both technological solutions and rich social interaction to identify trustworthy individuals and punish untrustworthy ones. We then demonstrate to what extent market participants’ other-regarding concerns aid in creating a knowledge base about reputations in the market, thereby supporting trust-building in an anonymous online contexts. We use text mining technique to understand how market participants communicate about others’ trustworthiness online. Additionally, we offer best practice advice for utilizing advanced methods for automatic text analysis in social sciences.
The Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect with ALICE at the LHC
Authors:   , Qiu Shi
Published: April 2024

This dissertation aims to explore the possibility of breaking a specific type of symmetry, known as P (parity) symmetry, locally in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This search is conducted using a distinct physical phenomenon: the chiral magnetic effect (CME), which might occur within strongly interacting systems, particularly the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. In the earliest moments after non-central heavy-ion collisions—where the incoming ions do not fully overlap—an extremely strong magnetic field is produced by the spectator protons that are not involved in the collision. This is similar to the magnetic field created by two parallel wires with current flowing through them. The CME results in the generation of an electric current along the direction of this magnetic field. Our results, obtained using the ALICE detector, one of the four major experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, show that the experimental data align with the scenario in which the CME is absent. Nonetheless, the current obtained precision does not completely rule out the CME effect, particularly if its signal is small.
Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Caregivers of Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Ribeiro de Souza Marina Celly Martins , Cássia Horta Natália de , Rodrigues Luana Rosa , Martins de Oliveira Lorrayne Dinice , Machado Leopoldino Vithória de Matos , Ágata Silva Fernanda , Oliveira Fernandes Maria Teresinha de
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease marked by deterioration of cognition and short-term memory, in addition to neuropsychiatric and behavioral changes, determining the need for caregivers. In view of this, the objective of this study was to globally analyze the impact of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic for caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease through integrative literature review. Using the keywords “caregivers”, “Alzheimer's disease” and “COVID-19” and their combinations the search was performed in the Karger, PubMed and SciELO, BIREME, Dynamed, Scopus, Medline Complete and ACS Publication databases. Articles in Portuguese and English that addressed caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic were included, excluding those that did not include the three descriptors and that were not published between 2020 and 2023. From the 12 selected articles, caregivers' emotional disturbances and increased burden were identified during this pandemic period, determining a decline in the caregiver's mental health during the pandemic. Literature findings validate the relationship between the pandemic and the worsening quality of life of caregivers, who, due to physical and emotional overload, presented behavioral disorders such as increased stress, depression and anxiety.
Artificial intelligence-driven prognostic system for conception prediction and management in intrauterine adhesions following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis: a diagnostic study using hysteroscopic images
Authors: Li Bohan , Chen Hui , Duan Hua
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) caused by endometrial injury, commonly occurring in developing countries, can lead to subfertility. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a DeepSurv architecture-based artificial intelligence (AI) system for predicting fertility outcomes after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.

Methods:

This diagnostic study included 555 intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) treated with hysteroscopic adhesiolysis with 4,922 second-look hysteroscopic images from a prospective clinical database (IUADB, NCT05381376) with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. These patients were randomly divided into training, validation, and test groups for model development, tuning, and external validation. Four transfer learning models were built using the DeepSurv architecture and a code-free AI application for pregnancy prediction was also developed. The primary outcome was the model’s ability to predict pregnancy within a year after adhesiolysis. Secondary outcomes were model performance which evaluated using time-dependent area under the curves (AUCs) and C-index, and ART benefits evaluated by hazard ratio (HR) among different risk groups.

Results:

External validation revealed that using the DeepSurv architecture, InceptionV3+ DeepSurv, InceptionResNetV2+ DeepSurv, and ResNet50+ DeepSurv achieved AUCs of 0.94, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively, for one-year pregnancy prediction, outperforming other models and clinical score systems. A code-free AI application was developed to identify candidates for ART. Patients with lower natural conception probability indicated by the application had a higher ART benefit hazard ratio (HR) of 3.13 (95% CI: 1.22–8.02, p = 0.017).

Conclusion:

InceptionV3+ DeepSurv, InceptionResNetV2+ DeepSurv, and ResNet50+ DeepSurv show potential in predicting the fertility outcomes of IUAs after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. The code-free AI application based on the DeepSurv architecture facilitates personalized therapy following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.
The impact of high nicotine concentrations on the viability and cardiac differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells: a barrier to regenerative therapy for smokers
Authors: Gheisari Maryam , Nosrati Shadi , Zare Shahrokh , Dara Mahintaj , Zolghadri Samaneh , Razeghian-Jahromi Iman
Published: April 2024

Background: Current treatment methods are not successful in restoring the lost cardiomyocytes after injury. Stem cell-based strategies have attracted much attention in this regard. Smoking, as a strong cardiovascular risk factor, not only affects the cardiac cells adversely but also deteriorates the function of stem cells. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the popular candidates in cardiovascular disease (CVD) clinical trials, we investigated the impact of nicotine on the regenerative properties (viability and cardiac differentiation) of these cells.

Methods: MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and characterized based on morphology, differentiation capability, and the expression of specific mesenchymal markers. The MTT assay was used to assess the viability of MSCs after being exposed to different concentrations of nicotine. Based on MTT findings and according to the concentration of nicotine in smokers’ blood, the growth curve and population doubling time were investigated for eight consecutive days. Cells were treated with 5-azacytidine (an inducer of cardiac differentiation), and then the expressions of cardiac-specific markers were calculated by qPCR.

Results: MSCs were spindle-shaped, capable of differentiating into adipocyte and osteocyte, and expressed CD73 and CD90. The viability of MSCs was reduced upon exposure to nicotine in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The growth curve showed that nicotine reduced the proliferation of MSCs, and treated cells needed more time to double. In addition, the expressions of GATA4 and troponin were downregulated in nicotine-treated cells on day 3. However, these two cardiac markers were overexpressed on day 7.

Conclusion: Nicotine decreased normal growth and reduced the expression of cardiac markers in MSCs. This aspect is of eminent importance to smokers with cardiovascular disease who are candidates for stem cell therapy.
Medical communication, internalized “good mother” norms, and feminist self-identification as predictors of maternal burnout
Authors: Milman Daisy , Sternadori Miglena
Published: April 2024

Introduction

A rarely studied source of psychological discomfort for mothers is the communication received from medical professionals in the context of pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period, and pediatric care. To address this gap, we examined mothers’ recollections of medical communications that influenced their perceived stress levels in the context of good-mother normativity. We also explored how recollections of feedback on mothering in medical settings were associated with internalization of good-mother expectations, maternal burnout, length of motherhood, and feminist self-identification.

Methods

We collected the data through an online survey administered by a company that pre-establishes business relationships with potential survey takers. The survey-takers were 254 self-identified mothers, who answered open-ended questions about their recollections of medical communications related to good-motherhood norms. The participants also completed measures of maternal burnout, internalized good mother expectations, and feminist self-identification, and answered demographic questions such as age, education, number of children, and how long they had been mothers.

Results

Participants who recalled discomfort-inducing medical communications that directly or indirectly referenced motherhood norms reported higher levels of internalized good-mother expectations and maternal burnout. A process model showed that the frequency of recalled medical communications, length of motherhood, and feminist self-identification moderated the relationship between the degree of internalization of good-mother expectations and maternal burnout. A significant association emerged between feminist self-identification and the recalled frequency of interactions with medical professionals that increased mothers’ perceived stress stemming from good-mother normativity.

Discussion

The findings of this study contribute to self-discrepancy theory as it relates to the social construction of mothers’ identities by focusing on whether and how often medical professionals reinforce or challenge good-mother social expectations. Another theoretical contribution of this study is that values and beliefs, such as feminist self-identification, can affect the recall of communications about social norms and are significantly associated with levels of internalized expectations and resulting burnout. In terms of practical implications, our findings suggest that medical professionals should be mindful of how they assess patients through the lens of the good-mother norms and also consider addressing the discomfort stemming from such normativity by asking mothers about their perceptions of social expectations and addressing unrealistic beliefs that aggravate mothers’ sense of self-discrepancy.
Differences in perceived sources of uncertainty in natural hazards science advice: lessons for cross-disciplinary communication
Authors: Doyle Emma E. H. , Thompson Jessica , Hill Stephen R. , Williams Matt , Paton Douglas , Harrison Sara E. , Bostrom Ann , Becker Julia S.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

We conducted mental model interviews in Aotearoa NZ to understand perspectives of uncertainty associated with natural hazards science. Such science contains many layers of interacting uncertainties, and varied understandings about what these are and where they come from creates communication challenges, impacting the trust in, and use of, science. To improve effective communication, it is thus crucial to understand the many diverse perspectives of scientific uncertainty.

Methods

Participants included hazard scientists (n = 11, e.g., geophysical, social, and other sciences), professionals with some scientific training (n = 10, e.g., planners, policy analysts, emergency managers), and lay public participants with no advanced training in science (n = 10, e.g., journalism, history, administration, art, or other domains). We present a comparative analysis of the mental model maps produced by participants, considering individuals’ levels of training and expertise in, and experience of, science.

Results

A qualitative comparison identified increasing map organization with science literacy, suggesting greater science training in, experience with, or expertise in, science results in a more organized and structured mental model of uncertainty. There were also language differences, with lay public participants focused more on perceptions of control and safety, while scientists focused on formal models of risk and likelihood.

Discussion

These findings are presented to enhance hazard, risk, and science communication. It is important to also identify ways to understand the tacit knowledge individuals already hold which may influence their interpretation of a message. The interview methodology we present here could also be adapted to understand different perspectives in participatory and co-development research.