bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid system {W6I8}-cluster/dsDNA as an agent for targeted X-ray induced photodynamic therapy of cancer stem cells
Authors: Pozmogova Tatiana N. , Sitnikova Natalya A. , Pronina Ekaterina V. , Miroshnichenko Svetlana M. , Kushnarenko Andrey O. , Solovieva Anastasiya O. , Bogachev Sergey S. , Vavilov Georgy D. , Efremova Olga A. , Vorotnikov Yuri A. , Shestopalov Michael A.
Published: August 2021

The hybrid material W6-cluster/dsDNA designed here demonstrates selective penetration into cancer stem cells and their targeted elimination using X-PDT.
Improving the performance of all-inorganic perovskite light-emitting diodes through using polymeric interlayers with a pendant design
Authors: Chen Chiung-Han , Lin Yan-Cheng , Yang Yun-Fang , Chiang Yun-Chi , Li Zhenchao , Yip Hin-Lap , Chen Wen-Chang , Chueh Chu-Chen
Published: August 2021

Despite demonstrating better photoluminescence quantum yield and ambient/operational stability than organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, all-inorganic perovskites encounter the problem of inferior film quality and interfacial electrical properties.
Design of functionalized bridged 1,2,4-triazole N-oxides as high energy density materials and their comprehensive correlations
Authors: Liu Yue , He Piao , Gong Lishan , Mo Xiufang , Zhang Jianguo
Published: August 2021

A family of energetic derivatives based on functionalized bridged 1,2,4-triazole-N-oxides was designed. Their properties and comprehensive correlations were investigated. The excellent performance makes them promising candidates of the new environmentally friendly HEDMs.
Correction: Silane coatings modified with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to enhance the biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of a magnesium alloy
Authors: Nikbakht Aida , Dehghanian Changiz , Parichehr Rasoul , Mashayekhi Kavian
Published: August 2021

Correction for ‘Silane coatings modified with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to enhance the biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of a magnesium alloy’ by Aida Nikbakht et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 26127–26144. DOI: 10.1039/D1RA01018B.
Remarkable improvement of epoxide ring-opening reaction efficiency and selectivity with water as a green regulator
Authors: Yan Zifei , Du Chencan , Luo Guangsheng , Deng Jian
Published: August 2021

As a fully green regulator, water improves the product selectivity by regulating the transformation routes of the reaction intermediate.
Rigid, biconical hydrogen-bonded dimers that strongly encapsulate cationic guests in solution and the solid state
Authors: Smith Jordan N. , Ennis Courtney , Lucas Nigel T.
Published: August 2021

A robust, dimeric capsule forms quantitatively in low-polarity solvents via a seam of 8 hydrogen bonds. The resulting electron-rich cavity selectively binds small organic cations over neutral counterparts.
Hydrofluoromethylation of alkenes with fluoroiodomethane and beyond
Authors: Hell Sandrine M. , Meyer Claudio F. , Ortalli Sebastiano , Sap Jeroen B. I. , Chen Xuanxiao , Gouverneur Véronique
Published: August 2021

Herein, we report the direct hydro(halo)methylation of alkenes from a variety of (halo)methyl iodides (including F-18, C-13, D-2 isotopologues), enabling the incorporation of a plethora of C-1 fragments into complex biologically active molecules.
A direct-to-biology high-throughput chemistry approach to reactive fragment screening
Authors: Thomas Ross P. , Heap Rachel E. , Zappacosta Francesca , Grant Emma K. , Pogány Peter , Besley Stephen , Fallon David J. , Hann Michael M. , House David , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O. , Bush Jacob T.
Published: August 2021

A photoreactive fragment screening platform employing direct-to-biology high-throughput chemistry (D2B-HTC) for the rapid iterative synthesis and screening of libraries of photoaffinity bits.
Energy storage mechanisms in vacancy-ordered Wadsley–Roth layered niobates
Authors: McColl Kit , Griffith Kent J. , Dally Rebecca L. , Li Runze , Douglas Jason E. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. , Corà Furio , Levin Igor , Butala Megan M.
Published: August 2021

Layered niobates with vacancy-ordered Wadsley–Roth structures were investigated as Li-ion battery anodes. Using operando and ex situ methods and DFT, we identify an intercalation mechanism dominated by Li-diffusion kinetics and layer evolution.
High-performance wearable supercapacitors based on PANI/N-CNT@CNT fiber with a designed hierarchical core-sheath structure
Authors: Tian Jinyong , Cui Nanjian , Chen Peining , Guo Kunkun , Chen Xuli
Published: August 2021

A hierarchical core-sheath structured PANI/N-CNT@CNT fiber is designed to modify the rate capability and cycling stability of flexible fiber supercapacitors.
Reactivity-guided formulation of composite solid polymer electrolytes for superior sodium metal batteries
Authors: Matios Edward , Wang Huan , Luo Jianmin , Zhang Yiwen , Wang Chuanlong , Lu Xuan , Hu Xiaofei , Xu Ying , Li Weiyang
Published: August 2021

The ionic conductivity and interfacial impedance can be simultaneously improved by the reactivity-guided formulation of a composite solid polymer electrolyte with the polyethylene oxide host, PPC additive and ceramic filler.
A lithium-ion battery recycling technology based on a controllable product morphology and excellent performance
Authors: Lin Jiao , Fan Ersha , Zhang Xiaodong , Huang Ruling , Zhang Xixue , Chen Renjie , Wu Feng , Li Li
Published: August 2021

A LIB recycling technology based on a controllable product morphology and excellent performance was reported. We constructed a “cycle-fail-regeneration” new closed-loop utilization model of waste LIBs. Through this mode, waste materials can be regenerated in situ for LIB anode materials, providing multiple reuse scenarios. Density functional theory calculation is used to analyze the transformation mechanism of this process and provide theoretical support.
Electrochemical impedimetric aptasensors based on hyper-cross-linked porous organic frameworks for the determination of kanamycin
Authors: Xue Ya-Qi , Zhang Hao , Han Zhang-Ye , He Hongming
Published: August 2021

Porous organic frameworks are prepared to immobilize aptamers for fabricating electrochemical aptasensors, which show excellent sensing ability for kanamycin even in real samples.
A dual-response regenerable luminescent 2D-MOF for nitroaromatic sensing via target-modulation of active interaction sites
Authors: Afshariazar Farzaneh , Morsali Ali
Published: August 2021

Judicious-design of a 2D-MOF providing more acidic hydrogens along with high morphology-dependent sensing ability based on its accessible N–H or CO interaction sites.
Flight evaluation of simultaneous actuator/sensor fault reconstruction on a quadrotor minidrone
Authors: Waitman S. , Alwi H. , Edwards C.
Published: August 2021

In view of the increase in the number of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the commercial and private sectors, it is imperative to make sure that such systems are safe, and thus resilient to faults and failures. This paper considers the numerical design and practical implementation of a linear parameter‐varying (LPV) sliding mode observer for Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) of a quadrotor minidrone. Starting from a nonlinear model of the minidrone, an LPV model is extracted for design, and the observer synthesis procedure, using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI), is detailed. Simulations of the observer FDD show good performance. The observer is then implemented on a Parrot® Rolling Spider minidrone and a series of flight tests is performed to assess the FDD capabilities in real time using its on‐board processing power. The flight tests confirm the performance obtained in simulation, and show that the sliding mode observer is able to provide reliable fault reconstruction for quadrotor minidrone systems.
Learning representation of heterogeneous temporal graphs for recommendation
Authors: Li Mufan , Yan Junchi , Shi Haixin , Liu Yunfeng , He Tao
Published: August 2021

Heterogeneous temporal graphs are important abstractions for organising data in recommender systems, for which an effective representation learning method is presented in this paper. Specifically, an attention‐based two‐stage aggregation technique is adopted to aggregate the message passed over each edge. The aggregation stage first involves temporal aggregation for each group of neighbouring nodes connected by the same type of edges. Then a further aggregation is performed among the aggregated results of each edge type. The method can capture the temporal evolution patterns of heterogeneous temporal graphs in continuous time‐space and model the graphs' heterogeneity without requiring predefined meta paths. Experimental results on public recommendation datasets demonstrate that the recommendation algorithm based on the representation learning method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art baselines.
Battery charging topology, infrastructure, and standards for electric vehicle applications: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kumar Siddhant , Usman Adil , Rajpurohit Bharat Singh
Published: August 2021

The proposed study reports the essential parameters required for the battery charging schemes deployed for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. Due to efficient power delivery, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental acclimation, EVs have emerged as a suitable alternative to the Internal Combustion (IC)‐based engines. However, prominent challenges for leveraging the EVs are the suitable availability of battery charging infrastructure for high energy/power density battery packs and efficient charging topologies. Despite the challenges, EVs are gradually being implemented across the globe to avoid oil dependency, which currently has a 5%–7% decline rate of post‐peak production. The vast deployment of EVs as private and commercial vehicles has created a major challenge for the grids in maintaining the power quality and peak load demand. This study, therefore, reviews the various battery charging schemes (battery charger) and their impact when used in EV and Hybrid EV applications. The available constituents of the battery chargers such as ac‐dc/dc‐dc converter topologies, modulations, and control techniques are illustrated in detail. The comprehensive study classifies the charging topologies depending upon the power and charging level. Some appropriate battery charging converter topologies that are suitable for domestic, industrial, and commercial applications like EVs are suggested in the study. In addition, a decision‐making inference is developed through a flow chart that decides on the suitable selection of the converter topology based on the required applications. Furthermore, the charging infrastructures along with the converters' design standards are also discussed concisely, which adds a significant contribution to the review article.
Multi‐exposure image fusion based on feature evaluation with adaptive factor
Authors: Huang Li , Li Zhengping , Xu Chao , Feng Bo
Published: August 2021

The authors present a new multi‐exposure images fusion method based on feature evaluation with adaptive factor. It is noticed the existing multi‐exposure fusion algorithm is not well adapted to the input images, which are overall bright or dark, the fused image quality is not pretty good, and the details are not preserved completely. So an adaptive factor to adapt the intensity of input images is presented here. First, the exposure assessment weight, texture change weight, and colour intensity weight are calculated by a sliding window. Finally, the images are fused by using a pyramid to avoid the seams. Twenty exposure input images of different scenes are selected, the subjective and objective aspects are analysed and compared with several existing multi‐exposure image fusion methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method can retain more details and obtain satisfactory visual effects on static scenes.
Facile method for preparation of micronized fly ash by microbial corrosion and ball‐milling
Authors: Meng Ziyi , Liu Yongming , Xiong Yuyue , Ke Wenqiang , Gong Chunjie , Liu Qingting
Published: August 2021

A novel technique was proposed to prepare micronized fly ash (FA), broadening the application of fly ash in rubber compounds. This facile method of FA micronization is carried out by microbial corrosion to produce a loose structure which is easily destroyed by the following ball milling step. Only 20 min of the ball milling treatment after microbial corrosion is needed to obtain FA particles with an average size of 194 nm, representing a remarkable reduction compared to several days that are typically required to achieve such a small size through the ball milling treatment. Due to the favourable FA particle sizes and interface compatibility, the natural rubber compounds achieved a good reinforcement effect at 20.7 MPa. The improved mechanical properties of the simple FA micronization method explored in this work are highly favourable for expanding the use of FA as reinforcement fillers to partially replace the carbon black fillers that are currently widely used in the rubber industry.
Reconfiguration‐based probabilistic scheduling of automated grids in view of social–economic boards
Authors: Mostowfi Zahra , Rashidinejad Masoud , Abdollahi Amir , Jadidoleslam Morteza
Published: August 2021

This research tries to assess the stochastic operation of the automated grids considering the reconfiguration strategy from social and economic points of view. To this end, a novel method based on the correlated approximation method, called unscented transform, is deployed to not only handle the independent uncertainty, but also model the correlated uncertainty. Different objective functions counting the power losses, total cost, the average system interruption frequency, and the average expected energy not supplied are modelled and analyzed to assess the economic and social aspects of the automation process. Considering the highly non‐linear nature of the problem, a heuristic search method with proper modification is proposed. The mixed integer non‐linear nature of the problem is well addressed and explained through the reconfiguration process. The suitable performance and reliable capability of the proposed stochastic framework are investigated on a standard IEEE test system.
A new real‐time cycle slip detection and repair approach based on BDS dual‐frequency carrier phase and Doppler observations
Authors: Shi Zengkai , Dong Xurong , Qian Zhaoyong , Sun Xiaoshuang , Hu Yanfeng
Published: August 2021

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) traditional dual‐frequency cycle slip detection and repair methods such as the TurboEdit algorithm are restricted by the availability and accuracy of pseudorange observations. Doppler observations represent the instantaneous variation of the carrier phase during the integration time, which are immune to cycle slips. They are less affected by multipath effects compared with the pseudorange observations. Hence, a real‐time cycle slip detection and repair approach for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) dual‐frequency signals is proposed by combining the carrier phase and Doppler observations. The proposed method adopts the phase‐Doppler combination and the geometry‐free combination to detect cycle slips, and uses the simple rounding method or the dual‐frequency least‐square ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) method to repair cycle slips. The validity of the proposed method is verified by the static and kinematic observation data under 1 s sampling interval and steady ionosphere. The results show that the new method can successfully detect all the small, insensitive, and large cycle slips. Moreover, the fixing rates of the simple rounding method under static and kinematic conditions are above 94% and 83%, respectively, while those of the dual‐frequency LAMBDA method are both 100%.
Clean catalogues of blue horizontal-branch stars using Gaia EDR3
Authors: Culpan R. , Pelisoli I. , Geier S.
Published: August 2021

Context. Blue horizontal-branch stars evolve from low-mass stars that have completed their main-sequence lifetimes and undergone a helium flash at the end of their red-giant phase. As such, blue horizontal-branch stars are very old objects that can be used as markers in studies of the Galactic structure and formation history. To create a clean sky catalogue of blue horizontal-branch stars, we cross-matched the Gaia data release 2 (DR2) dataset with existing reference catalogues to define selection criteria based on Gaia DR2 parameters. Following the publication of Gaia early data release 3 (EDR3), these methods were verified and subsequently applied to this latest release.

Aims. Previous catalogues of blue horizontal-branch stars were developed using spectral analyses or were restricted to individual globular clusters. The purpose of this catalogue is to identify a set of blue horizontal-branch star candidates that have been selected using photometric and astrometric observations and exhibits a low contamination rate. This has been deemed important as the success of the Gaia mission has changed the way that targets are selected for large-scale spectroscopic surveys, meaning that far fewer spectra will be acquired for blue horizontal-branch stars in the future unless they are specifically targeted.

Methods. We cross-matched reference blue horizontal-branch datasets with the Gaia DR2 database and defined two sets of selection criteria. Firstly, in Gaia DR2 – colour and absolute G magnitude space, and secondly, in Gaia DR2 – colour and reduced proper motion space. The main-sequence contamination in both subsets of the catalogue was reduced, at the expense of completeness, by concentrating on the Milky Way’s Galactic halo, where relatively young main-sequence stars were not expected. The entire catalogue is limited to those stars with no apparent neighbours within 5 arcsec. These methods were verified and subsequently applied to the Gaia EDR3.

Results. We present a catalogue, based on Gaia EDR3, of 57 377 blue horizontal-branch stars. The Gaia EDR3 parallax was used in selecting 16 794 candidates and the proper motions were used to identify a further 40 583 candidates.
Intermediate-luminosity red transients: Spectrophotometric properties and connection to electron-capture supernova explosions
Authors: Cai Y.-Z. , Pastorello A. , Fraser M. , Botticella M. T. , Elias-Rosa N. , Wang L.-Z. , Kotak R. , Benetti S. , Cappellaro E. , Turatto M. , Reguitti A. , Mattila S. , Smartt S. J. , Ashall C. , Benitez S. , Chen T.-W. , Harutyunyan A. , Kankare E. , Lundqvist P. , Mazzali P. A. , Morales-Garoffolo A. , Ochner P. , Pignata G. , Prentice S. J. , Reynolds T. M. , Shu X.-W. , Stritzinger M. D. , Tartaglia L. , Terreran G. , Tomasella L. , Valenti S. , Valerin G. , Wang G.-J. , Wang X.-F. , Borsato L. , Callis E. , Cannizzaro G. , Chen S. , Congiu E. , Ergon M. , Galbany L. , Gal-Yam A. , Gao X. , Gromadzki M. , Holmbo S. , Huang F. , Inserra C. , Itagaki K. , Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Z. , Maguire K. , Margheim S. , Moran S. , Onori F. , Sagués Carracedo A. , Smith K. W. , Sollerman J. , Somero A. , Wang B. , Young D. R.
Published: August 2021

We present the spectroscopic and photometric study of five intermediate-luminosity red transients (ILRTs), namely AT 2010dn, AT 2012jc, AT 2013la, AT 2013lb, and AT 2018aes. They share common observational properties and belong to a family of objects similar to the prototypical ILRT SN 2008S. These events have a rise time that is less than 15 days and absolute peak magnitudes of between −11.5 and −14.5 mag. Their pseudo-bolometric light curves peak in the range 0.5–9.0 × 1040 erg s−1 and their total radiated energies are on the order of (0.3–3) × 1047 erg. After maximum brightness, the light curves show a monotonic decline or a plateau, resembling those of faint supernovae IIL or IIP, respectively. At late phases, the light curves flatten, roughly following the slope of the 56Co decay. If the late-time power source is indeed radioactive decay, these transients produce 56Ni masses on the order of 10−4 to 10−3 M⊙. The spectral energy distribution of our ILRT sample, extending from the optical to the mid-infrared (MIR) domain, reveals a clear IR excess soon after explosion and non-negligible MIR emission at very late phases. The spectra show prominent H lines in emission with a typical velocity of a few hundred km s−1, along with Ca II features. In particular, the [Ca II] λ7291,7324 doublet is visible at all times, which is a characteristic feature for this family of transients. The identified progenitor of SN 2008S, which is luminous in archival Spitzer MIR images, suggests an intermediate-mass precursor star embedded in a dusty cocoon. We propose the explosion of a super-asymptotic giant branch star forming an electron-capture supernova as a plausible explanation for these events.
Effects of Chronic Administration of P-Cymene in an Animal Model of LPS-Induced Autism
Authors: de Camargo Rick Wilhiam , da Silva Marina Goulart , Daros Guilherme Cabreira , de Medeiros Fabiana Durante , da Rosa Naiana , Menschhein Medeiros Caroline Liana , de Medeiros Peretti Eduardo , Palandi Juliete , Bobinski Franciane , Fortunato Jucélia Jeremias , de Bitencourt Rafael Mariano
Published: August 2021

p-Cymene is a monoterpene found in over 100 plant species. It shows a range of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. It is possibly a new therapeutic alternative for autism spectrum disorder characterized by deficits in interaction and behavioral abnormalities. These symptoms can occur in response to maternal immune activation through prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the behavioral, memory, and biochemical effects of chronic administration of p-cymene in an animal model of autism by prenatal maternal exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Twenty-four pregnant Wistar rats were used, who received 100 μg/kg of lipopolysaccharide or saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the 9.5 gestational day. After birth, the male offspring remained with the mothers until weaning and underwent model validation tests on postnatal day 30. From postnatal day 31 on, chronic administration, via i.p., of saline (1 mL/kg), risperidone (0.2 mg/kg), or p-cymene (100 mg/kg) for 22 days was performed. The animals were submitted to behavioral (postnatal day 52) and memory tests (postnatal days 52–53) and subsequently sacrificed (postnatal day 54) when their brain structures were removed for quantification of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6). Prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide significantly increased episodes of stereotyped movement (p=0.0001) and decreased parameters of social interaction in offspring, including sniffing, following, mounting, and allowing mounting (p=0.0043, p<0.0001, p=0.0009, and p=0.0200, respectively). Chronic p-cymene treatment was not significant for behavioral, memory, and biochemical tests. However, due to their pharmacokinetic characteristics, p-cymene nanomaterials’ formulation may be an exciting alternative to be tested for further results.
Ziele, Methodik und Inhalte einer neuen hybriden Therapie für Personen mit Osteoporose in unterschiedlich fortgeschrittenen Stadien
Authors: Breitkopf Annika , Köppel Maximilian , Hirthammer Rebecca , Hollmann Michael , Schifferdecker-Hoch Frank , Scheer Janik , Peters Stefan
Published: August 2021

Osteoporose zählt mit bundesweit 6 Millionen Betroffenen zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen, und hinsichtlich des demografischen Wandels ist von einem weiteren Anstieg auszugehen. Aufgrund des deutlich erhöhten Frakturrisikos und den daraus häufig resultierenden osteoporotischen Frakturen kommt es zu erheblichen physischen Beeinträchtigungen. Dies bedeutet für die Betroffenen meist einen Verlust der Selbstständigkeit und Lebensqualität. Durch die vermehrte Inanspruchnahme von medizinischen Leistungen stellt dies zudem eine enorme wirtschaftliche Belastung des Gesundheitssystems dar. Umfassende Evidenz zeigt, dass apparatives Krafttraining mit einem geringen Verletzungsrisiko zu Verbesserungen der Knochenstrukturen führt und sturzpräventive Interventionen das Frakturrisiko minimieren können. Hybride Therapiemodelle aus supervidiertem apparativem Krafttraining, Sturzpräventionstraining und Online-Interventionen verbinden die Vorteile aus digitalen und in Präsenz stattfindenden Therapieformen. Sie stellen somit eine allumfassende und nachhaltig ausgelegte Therapie dar, die auf mehr gesundheitswirksame körperliche Aktivität abzielt. Basierend auf dem Schweregrad der Osteoporose und einem Eingangsassessment erfolgt eine individuell ausgerichtete Therapie. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt die Methodik und Ziele der hybriden Osteoporosetherapie dar und versucht, diesen Ansatz als wirksames Instrument zur Reduzierung der Symptome und Folgen von Osteoporose allumfassend zu begründen.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in COVID-19
Authors: Zdanyte Monika , Rath Dominik
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 bezeichnet eine der schlimmsten Krisen unserer Generation und stellt (nicht nur) für das Gesundheitssystem eine schwer bewältigbare Herausforderung dar. Mortalität und Morbidität sind im Vergleich zu anderen saisonalen Erkrankungen wie der Influenza deutlich erhöht. COVID-19 bedroht allerdings nicht die gesamte Bevölkerung in gleichem Maße. Hochrisikopatienten sind älter und leiden an kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen wie Bluthochdruck, Diabetes mellitus oder einer koronaren Herzerkrankung. Um das Risiko für einen schweren Erkrankungsverlaufs zu quantifizieren bedarf es einer multimodalen Herangehensweise. Verschiedene Risikostratifizierungssysteme stehen zu Verfügung um ungünstige Verläufe wie Intensivbehandlung oder Gesamtmortalität vorauszusagen. Biomarker wie Troponin-I, D-Dimere und NT pro-BNP kombiniert mit echokardiographischen Parametern wie links- und rechtsventrikulärer Pumpfunktion sowie pulmonalarteriellem Druck können hilfreich sein um Hochrisikopatienten zu identifizieren, die ein intensiviertes Monitoring und eine stringentere Behandlung benötigen. Da kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren und Komorbiditäten von großer Bedeutung zur Abschätzung des Verlaufs einer SARS-CoV-2 Infektion sind, könnten alle hospitalisierten COVID-19 Patienten von einer routinemäßigen kardiologischen Betreuung durch ein COVID-19-Heart-Team profitieren. Ein frühzeitiges Erkennen von (kardiovaskulären) Hochrisikopatienten könnte das Management erleichtern sowie die Prognose einer schweren SARS-CoV-2 Infektion verbessern.
Diabetisches Makulaödem
Authors: Barth Teresa , Helbig Horst
Published: August 2021

Das diabetische Makulaödem (DMÖ) ist für den Großteil der Visusminderungen bei Diabetikern verantwortlich. Eine Reduktion der Sehschärfe durch ein DMÖ kann schon im milden nicht-proliferativen Stadium der diabetischen Retinopathien (DR) auftreten 1. Der chronische Verlauf der diabetischen Makulopathie erfordert ein intensives klinisches Monitoring über einen langen Zeitraum. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das diagnostische und therapeutische Management beim Vorliegen eines DMÖ.
Clinical Course of Different Types of Immune Reactions following Keratoplasty
Authors: Keye Philip , Lapp Thabo , Böhringer Daniel , Heinzelmann Sonja , Maier Philip , Reinhard Thomas
Published: August 2021

Background Immune-mediated corneal graft rejection (IR) is a leading cause of corneal graft failure. The endothelium, stroma, epithelium, or a combination can be affected. Little is
known about the long-term outcomes of different types of IR.

Methods We reviewed the medical records of all keratoplasties that had been performed at our eye centre between 2003 and 2016 (n = 3934) for any kind of IR that occurred between the
surgery and 2019. All patients with a definite diagnosis of IR and sufficient clinical data were included in the analysis. IRs were grouped according to the affected part of the graft
(endothelial, stromal, epithelial, and mixed). We analysed the dynamics of recovery and the clinical outcomes.

Results We identified a total of 319 patients with IR. Twenty-seven of those were lost to follow-up and were excluded from further analysis. Of the IRs, 89% affected the endothelium.
Endothelial IR resulted more frequently in a considerable loss of endothelial cell density than other forms of IR. Stromal IR showed a lower relapse rate and a better visual recovery than
other types of IR and resulted less often in a failure of the graft.

Conclusions We herein report comprehensive data about the prognosis regarding functional recovery after different types of IR following keratoplasty. Our data underline that timely
recognition and correct classification of IR are important because they determine the clinical course and prognosis.
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations in Pediatric Patients Submitted to Endovascular Treatment: Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Zimmermann Amanda Cristina , Przysiezny Bernardo , Giustina Evelyn Della , Staedele Guilherme Voltolini , Haas Leandro José , Tutida Letícia Saori , Camilo Liz Caroline de Oliveira
Published: August 2021

Objective To report three cases of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) in pediatric patients treated at the hemodynamics lab of Hospital Santa Isabel (HSI) in Blumenau, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2006 to 2020. Clinical presentation, endovascular treatment, and postprocedure evolution to date are included.

Case description Three children aged 5 to 12 months with cardiac, respiratory, or neurological damage in the neonatal stage, were referred to the neurosurgery service and diagnosed with VGAM. The three patients underwent endovascular embolization of the malformation, with different clinical evolution throughout outpatient follow-up.

Conclusion Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations are uncommon vascular abnormalities that, until the advent of endovascular embolization, were associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Its prognosis is linked with initial clinic, early diagnosis, and timely surgical correction.
Trends in Resin Composite Restoration Repair Teaching in Dental Colleges in Pakistan
Authors: Fareed Muhammad Amber , Bashir Anam Fayyaz , Yousaf Usman , Baig Qaiser Ali , Jatala Ussamah Waheed , Zafar Muhammad Sohail
Published: August 2021

Objective The paradigm shift from replacement to repair of defective resin composite restorations to implement minimal intervention approaches has been popular. Therefore, the teaching of composite repair strategies is included in contemporary dental curricula across the globe.

Methods A validated 18-item questionnaire pertaining to existing educational practices related to the teaching of defective composite restorations repair was acquired form dental colleges in Pakistan.

Results The response rate was 63% and the majority of dental colleges (67%) reported that they have included the teaching of composite restorations repair in the curricula, where four colleges (33%) implemented only didactic teaching and eight colleges (66%) reported a combination of didactic teaching and clinical training. The composite repair indications taught included tooth substance conservation 100% (12), reduced cost to patient 84.3% (10) and dentist 100% (12), reduced iatrogenic pulpal damage 100% (12), and reduced chair side treatment time 91.3% (11), restoration-related defects (66% preferred repair), anterior tooth fracture from incisal/proximal margin (80% teach repair), and in case of posterior tooth cusp fracture (20% teach repair). Our results revealed that the choice of mechanical and adhesive substrate surface conditioning depended on case selection.

Conclusion The teaching of defective composite restorations repair was less widespread and certain variations in teaching were identified. Nearly all dental colleges reported to incorporate current evidence of minimum invasive strategies of composite repair in curricula in future.
Effect of Different Adhesion Protocols on the Shear Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive Systems to Sound and Artificial Caries-Affected Dentin
Authors: Sami Omnia M. , Naguib Essam A. , Afifi Rasha H. , Nagi Shaymaa M.
Published: August 2021

Objective Bonding to different dentin substrates influences resin composite restoration outcomes. This study investigated the influence of different adhesion protocols on the shear bond strength of universal adhesive systems to sound and artificial caries-affected dentin (CAD).

Materials and Methods Occlusal enamel of 80 premolars were wet grinded to obtain flat midcoronal dentin. Specimens were equally divided according to the substrate condition: sound and CAD by subjecting to pH-cycling for 14 days. Each dentin substrate was bonded with the adhesive systems used in this study: Single Bond universal adhesive or Prime&Bond universal (applied either in etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesion protocol). Adhesive systems were utilized according to manufacturers’ instructions, then resin composite was built up. Specimens were tested for shear bond strength. The data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance, and failure modes were determined using stereomicroscope.

Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two tested adhesive systems on artificially created CAD with different adhesion protocols. On sound dentin, Single Bond universal, either in the etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesion protocols, revealed higher statistically significant shear bond strength mean values compared with CAD.

Conclusion Single Bond universal adhesive in an etch-and-rinse adhesion protocol improved only bonding to sound dentin, while no added positive effect for the etching step with Prime&Bond universal adhesive was found when bonded to both sound and CAD substrates. The influence of CAD on the performance of the universal adhesives was material-dependent.
Epidemiological Pattern of Traumatic Brain Injury in Brazil between 2008 and 2019
Authors: Takahashi André Akira Ramos , Teixeira Saulo Barros , Galafassi Giovanna Zambo , Silva Maria Beatriz Almeida , Comprido Victoria Fernandez , Martinez Anne Gabriele Senne , Lima Leonardo Alfano de , Sousa Luiz Vinicius de Alcântara , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de
Published: August 2021

Introduction Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a public health problem with high economic impact, as well as an important cause of death and sequela in polytrauma patients, affecting mainly young adults.

Objective To analyze the temporal trend of TBI incidence in Brazil between 2008 and 2019, according to age group and gender.

Methods An ecological study, based on secondary data from hospital admissions for TBI in all Brazilian states between 2008 and 2019. The numbers were collected using the hospital information system of the Unified Health System in Brazil. We performed a descriptive analysis using the data obtained. Linear regression models were used to measure the incidence trend of TBI in the period adopted.

Results The state of Piauí had the highest increase in the incidence of TBI in the country in the last 10 years (coefficient β = 63.43 e p = 0.002). The main concern, though, is the increase in the incidence of TBI amongst children (0–4 years old) in the states of Ceará (β = 31.22 and p < 0.001 for boys; β = 42.20 and p < 0.001 for girls), Paraná (β = 37.26 and p = 0.011 for boys; β = 25.90 and p = 0.015 for girls), Pernambuco (β = 20.08 and p = 0.016 for girls), Mato Grosso (β = 18.76 and p = 0.005 for boys; β = 16.11 and p = 0.035 for girls), and Distrito Federal (β = 48.87 and p = 0.004 for girls; β = 48.28 and p = 0.006 for boys).

Conclusion The analysis of the results is able to point out improvements that can be made. Besides that, it is remarkably important to redirect public polices to preventive medicine since many of the TBI causes are avoidable through awareness and education of the population.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gün Emrah , Kendirli Tanıl , Botan Edin , Türker Nazmiye , Gurbanov Anar , Balaban Burak , Gencay Ali Genco , Arga Gül , Karagözlü Selen , Ramoglu Mehmet Gökhan , Özdemir Halil , Ucar Tayfun , Tutar Ercan , Ciftci Ergin
Published: August 2021

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is characterized by persistent fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, conjunctivitis, headaches, and mucocutaneous manifestations and it can cause circulatory dysfunction, resulting in hypotension, shock, and end-organ injury in the heart and other organs and possibly death. In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical spectrum, treatment options and outcomes of children with MIS-C who were admitted to our pediatric intensive care (PICU).

Materials and Methods Clinical and laboratory findings and treatment of the patients admitted to the PICU with MIS-C between April 2020 and January 2021 were recorded, and their outcomes were evaluated.

Results Nineteen patients with a median age of 12.5 years (interquartile range (IQR): 5.8–14.0 years) were admitted. Eleven (57.8%) were males. The most frequent clinical and laboratory features were fever (100%), abdominal pain (94.7%), rash (63.1%), headache (68.4%), diarrhea (47.3%), seizure (10.5%), cardiac dysfunction (52.6%), acute kidney injury (26.3%), lymphopenia (84.2%), and thrombocytopenia (36.8%). However, 8 patients needed mechanical respiratory support, 11 patients needed inotropes, 2 patients needed plasma exchange, and 1 patient needed continuous renal replacement therapy. All patients received corticosteroids, 17 patients (89.2%) received intravenous immunoglobulin, 2 patients received anakinra, 10 patients received acetylsalicylic acid, and 6 patients received enoxaparin. Median PICU length of stay was 3 days (IQR: 2–5) and only one patient died.

Conclusion In conclusion, MIS-C may present with a variety of clinical manifestations, and it can lead to life-threatening critical illness. Most children need intensive care and the response to immunomodulation is usually favorable.
pH sensors based on amino-terminated carbon nanomembrane and single-layer graphene van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Kaiser D. , Tang Z. , Küllmer M. , Neumann C. , Winter A. , Kahle R. , Georgi L. , Weimann T. , Siegmann M. , Gräfe S. , Centeno A. , Zurutuza A. , Turchanin A.
Published: August 2021

The ability of graphene to transduce an adsorption event of ions into a detectable electrical signal has sparked a lot of interest for its use in sensors. However, a low concentration of the chemically active sites for binding analytes on the graphene surface has significantly prevented its applications so far. Here, we report on implementation of the van der Waals heterostructure based on a monolayer graphene and an ∼1-nm-thick molecular carbon nanomembrane (CNM) in a solution-gated field-effect transistor (FET) for pH sensing. The nondestructive functionalization of a graphene FET with the amino-terminated CNM (NH2-CNM) enables the induction of chemically active groups in the vicinity of the graphene sheet, maintaining its charge carrier transport properties. We applied complementary characterization techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical and atomic force microscopy as well as field-effect and electrical impedance measurements to characterize the engineered NH2-CNM/graphene devices. We demonstrate their high pH resolution with a minimum detectable pH change of ∼0.01 at pH 2 and ∼0.04 at pH 12, with a response time in the range of seconds, and we apply an electrical double-layer model to rationalize the experimentally observed performance theoretically. The developed device concept enables the engineering of microscale pH sensors for applications in biological and environmental sciences.
Designing highly incompressible transition metal nitrides: A new class of W0.5Al0.5N phases
Authors: Wang Lianli , Zheng Bin , Zhang Li , Wang Jinlei , Du Huiling , Chen Xianfei
Published: August 2021

Herein, we used first-principles calculations and the particle swarm optimization technique to predict a highly incompressible W0.5Al0.5N phase with the space group R3¯m(166). Our results reveal that this phase, which was characterized by a negative formation enthalpy, is thermodynamically and dynamically stable, as revealed by the absence of imaginary modes in the phonon spectra. Furthermore, its energetic stability at a pressure of 15 GPa indicates a feasible strategy for experimental synthesis. The high performance stems from the optimized octahedral coordination between N and W/Al. Additionally, the good elastic parameters with BH of 310 GPa, GH of 206 GPa, and HV of 27 GPa confirm that it has preferable mechanical behaviors among the various W0.5Al0.5N phases and is even superior to those of the experimentally well-established NaCl-type phase. Based on the recently developed strain–stress method, it is shown that the ideal indentation strength of R3¯m(166) is about 32.7 GPa in the (1 1¯ 0) [0 0 1] direction, which is in excellent agreement with estimated HV. Therefore, our findings open the possibility for producing a new class of transition metal aluminum nitrides that have a broad range of applications.
CKP hierarchy and free bosons
Authors: Yang Yi , Geng Lumin , Cheng Jipeng
Published: August 2021

In this paper, free bosons are used to study some integrable properties of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy of C type (CKP hierarchy), from the aspects of tau functions. First, the modified CKP hierarchy is constructed by using free bosons, and the corresponding Lax structure is given. Then, the constrained CKP hierarchy is found to be related to the modified CKP hierarchy, and the corresponding solutions are derived by using free bosons. Next, by using the relations between the Darboux transformations and the squared eigenfunction symmetries, we express the Darboux transformations of the CKP hierarchy in terms of free bosons, by which one can better understand the essential properties of the CKP Darboux transformations. In particular, the additional symmetries of the CKP hierarchy can be viewed as the infinitesimal generator of the CKP Darboux transformations. Based on these results, we finally obtain the actions of the CKP additional symmetries on the CKP tau functions constructed by free bosons.
Strongly temperature dependent ferroelectric switching in AlN, Al1-xScxN, and Al1-xBxN thin films
Authors: Zhu Wanlin , Hayden John , He Fan , Yang Jung-In , Tipsawat Pannawit , Hossain Mohammad D. , Maria Jon-Paul , Trolier-McKinstry Susan
Published: August 2021

This manuscript reports the temperature dependence of ferroelectric switching in Al0.84Sc0.16N, Al0.93B0.07N, and AlN thin films. Polarization reversal is demonstrated in all compositions and is strongly temperature dependent. Between room temperature and 300 °C, the coercive field drops by almost 50% in all samples, while there was very small temperature dependence of the remanent polarization value. Over this same temperature range, the relative permittivity increased between 5% and 10%. Polarization reversal was confirmed by piezoelectric coefficient analysis and chemical etching. Applying intrinsic/homogeneous switching models produces nonphysical fits, while models based on thermal activation suggest that switching is regulated by a distribution of pinning sites or nucleation barriers with an average activation energy near 28 meV.
Observation of topological properties of non-Hermitian crystal systems with diversified coupled resonators chains
Authors: Zhang Kaiyan , Zhang Xin , Wang Licheng , Zhao Degang , Wu Fugen , Yao Yuanwei , Xia Ming , Guo Yuan
Published: August 2021

Non-Hermiticity extends the topological phase beyond the given Hermitian structure. Whereas the phases of non-Hermitian topological systems derived from Hermitian components have been extensively explored, the topological properties of an acoustic crystal that occur purely due to non-Hermiticity require further investigation. In this letter, we describe the development of an acoustic crystal with an adjustable loss that is composed of a chain of one-dimensional, coupled acoustic resonators. Each unit cell can contain three or six resonators, which are equivalent to 3 × 3 or 6 × 6 non-Hermitian Hamiltonian matrices, respectively. The topological properties of the crystal were verified by calculating the defined topological invariant, and the states of the edge and interface of the acoustic crystal were obtained by using a practical model. We obtained the states of the edges and the interface for both odd and even numbers of resonators in each unit cell and found that the location of the inductive loss had an important effect on the topological properties. This results here can guide research on advanced wave control for sensing and communication applications.
The influence of process parameters and heat treatment on γ′ precipitates of selective electron beam melted Ni-based single-crystal superalloy
Authors: Guo Xiyang , Zhou Xin , Zhang Peiyu , Duan Yucong , Cheng Xing , Wang Xuede , Cao Tong , Zhao Pei
Published: August 2021

γ′ precipitates, the main strengthening phase of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys, are difficult to determine in the forming zone of selective electron beam melting (SEBM), which is best for realizing the direct manufacturing of single crystal superalloys. Herein, the relationship between parameters and γ′ precipitates is urgently needed to be fabricated, and solution heat treatment is an efficient way to obtain a desired uniform γ′ microstructure. In the initial work, an array of SEBM experiments with various processing parameters were carried out, the processing window and parameter influence on γ′ precipitates were fabricated successfully, and a solution heat treatment protocol was applied for obtaining a homogeneous γ′ microstructure in the as-built SEBM microstructure. In processing, the bulks can be manufactured with a beam current of 10–12.4 mA and a scan speed of 1.7–2.4 m/s. The dimensions of the γ′ precipitates present regular changes with parameters such as current and scan speed, and a great change had also been observed in building height. After the heat treatment includes recovery-annealed (1100 °C, 6 h), solution-treated (1300 °C, 0.5 h), and aged (1100 °C, 6 h + 870 °C, 5 h) precipitates, the size of γ′ precipitates gradually increases and homogenizes, and an optimized solution and aging heat treatment protocol was established.
Simulation of collision-induced absorption spectra based on classical trajectories and ab initio potential and induced dipole surfaces. II. CO2–Ar rototranslational band including true dimer contribution
Authors: Chistikov Daniil N. , Finenko Artem A. , Kalugina Yulia N. , Lokshtanov Sergei E. , Petrov Sergey V. , Vigasin Andrey A.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents further development of the new semi-classical trajectory-based formalism described in Paper I [Chistikov et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 194106 (2019)]. We report the results of simulation and analysis of the low-frequency collision-induced absorption (CIA) in CO2–Ar, including its true dimer component. Our consideration relies on the use of ab initio intermolecular potential energy and induced dipole surfaces for CO2–Ar calculated in an assumption of a rigid CO2 structure using the CCSD(T) method. The theory, the details of which are reported in Paper I [Chistikov et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 194106 (2019)], permits taking into account the effect of unbound and quasi-bound classical trajectories on the CIA in the range of a rototranslational band. This theory is largely extended by trajectory-based simulation of the true bound dimer absorption in the present paper. The spectra are obtained from a statistical average over a vast ensemble of classical trajectories restricted by properly chosen domains in the phase space. Rigorous classical theory is developed for two low-order spectral moments interpreted as the Boltzmann-weighted average of the respective dipole functions. These spectral moments were then used to check the accuracy of our trajectory-based spectra, for which both spectral moments can be evaluated independently in terms of specific integrals over the trajectory-based calculated spectral profiles. Good agreement between the spectral moments calculated as integrals over the frequency domain or the phase space largely supports the reliability of our simulated CIA spectra, which conform with the available microwave and far-infrared observations.