bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of George W. Bush & Barrack Obama Regimes Regarding Pakistan-US Strategic Relations (2001-2017)
Authors: Imran Khan  , Dr Nazim Rahim
Published: December 2024

The main theme of this study is to dig out different aspects for prolonged peace and stability with different administrations of USA towards Pakistan. Since the inception of Pakistan; she has been facing many challenges in shape of India, a hostile neighbor of Pakistan. She has to balance out her capabilities in military, strategic and economic grounds to survive at global and regional arena. Pakistan in dire need to find a global partner who can rescue her in difficult situation but America has betrayed her ambitions on multiple occasions. She has cut down economic and military aid in different eras; they have opposed Pakistan’s nuclear experiments on number of occasions which resulted in imposing Pressler amendment. Pakistan and US relations has seen many ups and downs since 1947. The brutal attack on America by Al-Qaeda brought both countries to make alliance to fight global war against terrorism. President Bush during his administration clearly mentioned that “are you with us or terrorists”. President Musharraf without hesitation joined American war against terrorism. She has supported Bush administration in every aspect to dismantle Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan. President Bush was strong believer to use hard power to attain his foreign policy goals and objectives. The sovereignty of Pakistan was badly affected during his administration. When President Barrack Obama became the President of USA he altered the foreign policy of US by applying smart power to achieve his foreign policy goals and objective. During his administration he provided aid both economic and military. The drone attacks were doubled as compared to President Bush administration. He conducted “Operation Neptune Spear” to kill Osama Bin Laden in Abbottabad, city of Pakistan. The National Security Strategies of both presidents were different while tackling Pakistan. In reply Pakistan faced many challenges in shape of a) economic b) military c) civilian d) infrastructure where she lost 80,000 precious human lives. Terrorism spread to all parts of Pakistan during both Bush and Obama administrations. Realist School of thought has been applied to the theme of the study while data has been evaluated through qualitative paradigm. Hypothesis has been proved along with key finding and recommendations.
Association Between Parental Involvement, Academic Self-Regulation and the Self -Actualization of Adolescence
Authors: Asma Gillani  , Palwasha Nasir Abbasi
Published: December 2024

The study aims to investigate role of parent-child interaction regulatory abilities of pupils and self-fulfillment level of pupils and to examine the influence of a number of varied socio-demographic traits including gender identity on pupils. Two hundred and two pupils who are residents of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were taken into study. Parental inducement of academic self-regulation, Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self-Efficacy (MSPS), Index of Personal Growth (IPG) were utilized to examine the variables of current study. Outcomes showed that involvement of mother resulted more efficient forecastor of self-fulfillment. The present research examined gender identity difference in regulatory abilities and self-fulfillment and outcomes showed substantial differences in the two gender-based categories on these scales.Women score higher on self-regulation as compare to men. Likewisely, pupils with mothers utilizing larger number of methods for their regulatory abilities score higher on self-fullfilment and possess high control and regulation and pupils having literate fathers score higher on self-fullfilment.
The 2023 State of OSPOs and OSS Initatives: Open Source Software Programs and Initiatives Become Mainstream
Authors: Hendrick Stephen , Jimenez Santamaria Ana
Published: December 2024

Earlier this year, the TODO Group partnered with Linux Foundation Research to run its sixth annual state of the OSPO survey. Survey data was collected from participants in a wide variety of job roles, companies, industries, and geographies, with the goal of capturing a global view of OSPOs.

Overall, the research found that as OSS use and contributions are becoming more mainstream, the role of OSPOs and OSS initiatives are better understood. This translates to greater support for innovation, compliance, and security, growth in OSPO adoption, and increased project sustainability. However, there are important financial and cultural concerns that may hinder growth.
Open Source License Compliance: Challenges Ahead
Authors: Haddad Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

The widespread adoption of open source software rests on compliance with the licensing requirements of those components. Keeping up-to-date in the rapidly evolving software and licensing landscape makes this challenging, made more difficult by the diversity of licenses and the ways that their terms and conditions can vary. This paper delves into these challenges and strategies for effectively implementing compliance, acting as a tool for organizations to mitigate any associated risks and to ensure continued benefit in their open source participation. From comprehensive software composition analysis tools to promoting the right development culture, read more about how to effectively address these challenges in the full report!
Effectiveness and Safety of Physical Therapy Intervention in Adult Dermatomyositis: A Case Report and Review
Authors:   Assistant Professor in Neurophysiotherapy at K. J. Somaiya College of Physiotherapy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Akulwar-Tajane Isha
Published: December 2024

Background: The evidence for positive effects of exercise is insufficient in dermatomyositis. This article aims to outline the effects
of physical exercise with regard to structure (disease activity, inflammation, metabolic milieu and muscle structure) as well as clinical
outcome in terms of impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction according to the ICF; and QOL in an adult patient with
dermatomyositis.
Parasitological Assessment of Lettuce Quality in the Maxixe City Markets, Mozambique
Authors:   Licungo University, Quelimane Delegation, Célio Alfredo
Published: December 2024

The consumption of lettuce provides several benefits,
such as high source of dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins. However,
despite these benefits, it can be a vehicle for the transmission of
parasitic diseases, taking into account that its consumption is done in
a raw way. Thus, this study aimed to assess the parasitological quality
of lettuce that is sold in the markets of Maxixe city in Inhambane
Province, the southern of Mozambique.
Major Cardiovascular Manifestations During Covid-19 Infection
Authors:   Department of Internal medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alruwaili Lubna
Published: December 2024

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious illness caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),
that continues to grow globally. Incidence of cardiovascular
complications has increased during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus
disease 2019) pandemic, in regards of population-wide and
in patients diagnosed with the disease. various cardiovascular
manifestations have been linked to the viral insult, including among
others acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis, acute heart failure,
cardiac injury, arrhythmias spontaneous coronary artery dissection,
and stress induced cardiomyopathy. Although, the mechanism of
heart injury in COVID-19 is not clear yet, several hypothesis and
theories to various cardiac manifestation have been described. We
performed a narrative review for the current published literature
on the different cardiovascular manifestation related to covid-19
infection
Industrial Accident Prevention Training with Time Travel Prevention Games: Adaptive Personalized Story Experiences by Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   ADAMATIK GmbH, Weimar, Germany, Klaus P Jantke
Published: December 2024

Industrial accident prevention is a problem of societal relevance. It is worth the investment of contemporary education theory
and up-to-date information and communication technologies including Artificial Intelligence (AI). Apparent deficiencies of AI
that is based on Large Language Models (LLMs) und Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) bear abundant evidence for
the need of going beyond the limits of sub-symbolic AI. Game based training is attractive to practitioners and advantageous
over conventional educational methods. There is developed, implemented, and applied the original concept of time travel
prevention games. The approach is generic and applies to other domains such as crime prevention and health care as well. The
key idea is interactive story engagement that allows, if necessary, for virtual time travel to impact the fate. Trainees experience
stories of success. Digital storyboarding is an AI design methodology derived from approaches to dynamic plan generation.
Technically, a storyboard is a hierarchically structured family of graphs. Semantically, it determines a potentially infinite space
of different stories. Single stories unfold at execution time, i.e. during game play, dynamically in response to human activities
and environmental conditions. The game AI analyzes the history of game play represented as a string of actions and events.
Operationally, string processing, counting letters in strings, finding properties of strings, and the like is key. The prepared
alternatives of unfolding game play represent the interdisciplinary designer team's intelligence based on domain knowledge,
education theory, learning psychology, game design principles, VR technology, and the like. The storyboard is the place where
AI resides.
Keywords: industrial accident prevention, prevention training, time travel prevention games, education theory, Artificial
Intelligence, sub-symbolic AI, symbolic AI, adaptivity, play state, game state, storyboarding, storyboard interpretation
technology
50 лет ускорителям ЭЛВ
Authors: Воробьев Д.С. , Куксанов Н.К. , Домаров Е.В. , Голубенко Ю.И. , Корчагин А.И. , Салимов Р.А. , Фадеев С.Н. , Чакин И.К. , Семенов А.В. , Черепков В.Г. , Голковский М.Г. , Лаврухин А.В.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассказывается о более чем 50-и летней истории ускорителей ЭЛВ. Приводится обзор нынешнего статуса, даны конструктивные особенности как первых, так и современных, недавно разработанных ускорителей ЭЛВ.
Inwestycje w sieci o bardzo dużej przepustowości
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Zarządzania, Nałęcz Andrzej
Published: December 2024

W artykule oceniono unormowanie inwestycji w sieci o bardzo dużej przepustowości w Europejskim kodeksie łączności elektronicznej w świetle istniejącej literatury naukowej. Zauważono, że zarówno osłabienie regulacji asymetrycznej, jak i wzmocnienie regulacji symetrycznej mogą w praktyce mieć konsekwencje dla jakości i dostępności detalicznych usług łączności elektronicznej. Implementacja EKŁE w prawie polskim musi więc być przemyślana i staranna. Zauważono, że nie wymaga ona uchwalenia nowej ustawy w miejsce prawa telekomunikacyjnego z 2004 roku. Ustawa ta wymaga jednak nowelizacji i w tym zakresie wskazano, które przepisy należy zmienić, a które dodać.
Europejski kodeks łączności elektronicznej – kategoryzacja usług łączności elektronicznej
Authors: Woźny Jakub
Published: December 2024

Definicja usługi łączności elektronicznej wyznacza zakres stosowania Europejskiego kodeksu łączności elektronicznej. Tym samym określa granice kompetencji Prezesa Urzędu Komunikacji Elektronicznej oraz prawa i obowiązki uczestników rynku. Mimo jasnych oczekiwań tak doktryny, jak i judykatury nowa definicja nie spełnia pokładanych w niej nadziei. Jednoczesne zachowanie kryterium technologicznego (przekazywanie sygnałów w sieciach łączności elektronicznej) z wprowadzeniem kryterium funkcjonalnego (usługa łączności interpersonalnej) pogłębia trudności interpretacyjne. Nie stanowi tym samym rewolucyjnego środka, który miał zapewnić realizację celów wyznaczanych dyrektywie.
Usługa powszechna w Europejskim kodeksie łączności elektronicznej
Authors: Salbert Artur
Published: December 2024

Przyjęty w 2018 roku Europejski kodeks łączności elektronicznej wprowadza istotne zmiany w zakresie regulacji dotyczącej świadczenia usługi powszechnej. Zmiany dotyczą w szczególności usług wchodzących w skład usługi powszechnej, podmiotów uprawnionych do korzystania z jej funkcjonalności oraz sposobów zapewnienia przez krajowy organ regulacyjny wymogów przewidzianych dla usługi powszechnej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie nowych regulacji dotyczących usługi powszechnej w zestawieniu z aktualnie obowiązującymi. Takie porównanie ułatwia uchwycenie istoty usługi powszechnej ujętej w nowych przepisach.
Wpływ Europejskiego kodeksu łączności elektronicznej na ochronę danych osobowych i prywatności użytkowników usług OTT-1 (usług łączności interpersonalnej)
Authors:   Polska Izba Informatyki i Telekomunikacji, Konarski Xawery
Published: December 2024

Wejście w życie Europejskiego kodeksu łączności elektronicznej ma ogromne znaczenie dla ochrony prywatności użytkowników usług Over-the-Top (OTT), określanych również jako „usługi świadczone ponad siecią”, które kwalifikują się jako usługi łączności interpersonalnej (art. 2 pkt 5). Przykładem takich usług są m.in. komunikatory i poczta internetowa. Ograniczenia przewidziane w art. 5, 6 i 9 dyrektywy 2002/58/WE („dyrektywa o prywatności i łączności elektronicznej”) mają bezpośrednie zastosowanie do dostawców tych usług. W konsekwencji w większości przypadków przetwarzanie informacji zawartych w łączności elektronicznej i powiązanych metadanych wygenerowanych w trakcie świadczenia usług OTT-1 wymaga zgody użytkownika. Jedyne wyjątki mogą być prawnie dozwolone zgodnie z art. 15 ust. 1 dyrektywy o prywatności i łączności elektronicznej.
Ma conjointe est enceinte, je serai mère : la maternité lesbienne et sociale via la procréation médicalement assistée
Authors: Miousse Jessica , Achim Julie , Gagné Anne-Laurence , Brassard Audrey
Published: December 2024

L’objet de cet article est de documenter l’expérience subjective de la transition à la maternité chez les mères sociales en devenir. Cinq femmes lesbiennes, dont la conjointe est enceinte grâce à un processus de procréation médicalement assistée (PMA), ont été interviewées à l’aide d’un entretien semi-structuré. Une analyse thématique a permis de mettre en lumière l’expérience d’élaboration et de concrétisation de leur projet d’enfant dans le contexte du choix de la PMA et du don de gamètes, ainsi que leur perception de la parentalité. Des implications cliniques pour les intervenants et pistes de recherches futures sont par la suite dégagées.
Développement et validation du Questionnaire sur l’exécution des habitudes quotidiennes
Authors: Simonato Isabelle , Massé Line , Lussier-Desrochers Dany , Lemieux Annie , Ruel Rosalie
Published: December 2024

La réalisation des habitudes quotidiennes (HQ) représente un défi particulier pour plusieurs enfants. Les instruments relevés sur les HQ ne permettent pas de documenter les difficultés d’exécution des HQ, mais plutôt la réalisation de tâches spécifiques. Cette étude vise à développer et à réaliser les premières étapes de validation d’un questionnaire sur l’exécution des HQ. L’instrument a été administré à 213 parents québécois qui avaient un enfant entre 6 et 12 ans. L’analyse factorielle exploratoire et un modèle en équations structurelles exploratoires avec rotation ciblée révèlent une structure à quatre facteurs satisfaisante ainsi qu’une bonne cohérence interne.
Expérience subjective des femmes à l’égard de l’image corporelle et de l’alimentation en période postnatale
Authors: Garceau Mélanie , Achim Julie , Jarry-El Harouni Marie-Zoé
Published: December 2024

L’objectif de cette étude est de documenter l’expérience subjective des femmes à l’égard de leur poids, leur image corporelle et leur alimentation en période postnatale. Pour ce faire, dix femmes, ayant donné naissance à un premier enfant il y a six mois, ont pris part à un entretien semi-structuré. Les résultats, obtenus à la suite d’une analyse thématique, s’organisent autour de deux grands axes, soit l’expérience subjective du corps chez les femmes et l’adaptation des comportements alimentaires en période postnatale. Ceux-ci se déclinent en plusieurs thèmes et sous-thèmes. Cette étude propose des implications cliniques et des pistes de recherches futures.
Perceptions des patientes ostéoporotiques vis-à-vis des traitements prescrits : une étude qualitative
Authors: Lepage Laura , Poivret Didier , Lemetayer Fabienne
Published: December 2024

L’observance des patientes avec une ostéoporose post-ménopausique diminue fortement après six mois de traitement. Cependant, en faisant le choix de poursuivre le traitement, elles sont souvent partagées entre la nécessité de le prendre et leurs préoccupations. Ces perceptions toutefois peuvent varier selon le type de traitement (per os, injection et supplémentation). Ainsi, 15 entretiens semi-structurés ont été réalisés auprès de patientes avec une ostéoporose post-ménopausique, dont l’analyse thématique a révélé que les patientes per os percevaient davantage la nécessité du traitement, alors que les groupes injection et supplémentation étaient plus préoccupés, même si leurs préoccupations divergent. Les professionnels de santé doivent par conséquent s’assurer de l’influence de leur prescription sur les perceptions des patientes.
Exploring a complex constellation of signaling pathways
Authors: Nelson Nathaniel C , Kugler Matthias C
Published: December 2024

Cells called alveolar myofibroblasts, which have a central role in the development of the lung after birth, receive an orchestrated input from a range of different signaling pathways.
Broken promises of marriage in early eighteenth-century Norway
Authors: Skaar Anne-Sofie Schjøtner
Published: December 2024

In early modern Norway, the engagement was by law binding and many people were in this period subjected to prosecution for breaking a promise of marriage. This article sheds light on the agency of women seeking justice for broken promises of marriage in early eighteenth-century Norway – a period in which the legislation and judicial practice in such cases was at its strictest – exemplified with a specific case-study from Northern Trøndelag. The case concerned two people from the upper echelon of society, Margrete Bull and Christian Rosenkrantz, and is in some ways a typical example of how such matters could be handled in court in this period. According to Margrete, Christian had given her a promise of marriage and made her pregnant, but Christian denied both the engagement and the fatherhood and moreover married another woman of higher standing. In a period of four years, from 1707 to 1711, the case was addressed multiple times in the local court, the Chapter Court (Kapittelrett) and finally in the Supreme Court of Denmark-Norway. In the end, Margrete Bull was the victorious party and was awarded with a sizable compensation. In line with previous research on the topic, this case demonstrates the importance of honor and local support, but moreover indicates that only those in possession of sufficient resources could take a trial to the level presented here.
A tale of two Germanias
Authors: Hatlebakk Peter
Published: December 2024

Tacitus’ Germania was translated into Danish twice in the 1790s, first by the historian and jurist Gustav Ludvig Baden (1764–1839) in 1795, and then by his father, the professor of rhetoric Jacob Baden (1735–1805) in 1797. Both translations can be understood as part of a sustained effort to introduce Tacitean and other concepts from classical literature to enrich philosophical reasoning in the vernacular.
The politics of the translations were radically at odds. Through the rhetorical use of conceptual vocabulary, exhaustive footnotes, and an unstable temporality, G. L. Baden constructed a narrative of a democratic republican and rationalist ‘golden age’ relevant for contemporary Denmark-Norway. Jacob Baden’s foreignizing translation was a conservative response. It employed a stable modern historicity which separated the ‘golden age’ from the barbarous reality of northern antiquity.
The article raises the question of the significance of oblique argument in the constrained Danish-Norwegian public sphere of the 1790s. The form of G. L. Baden’s translation is characterised by a temporal and linguistic strategic ambiguity. This provided a veil of deniability for the translator, but the translation was clearly understood to be a radical polemic, eliciting reactions in the public sphere.
”Jag må nu dö medan jag har förståndet qwar, så kan jag weta på hwem jag tror”
Authors: Runesson Anton
Published: December 2024

This article explores ten women’s experiences of being on trial for witchcraft and enduring torture in Sweden in 1757, as they were retrospectively accounted for during a review trial in 1760, at which these women sought relief and tort. Contrary to previous scholarship on both torture in general and torture in connection with early modern witch trials, which has approached torture either as a ritual of power and punishment or a ritual of forced conversion, I depart from a phenomenological stance of the body in order to understand how these women experienced the ways body, pain and mind were related with one another. Thereby, I uncover how the women experienced their torments as an escalating procedure aiming to affect their minds (förstånd), both by inciting affective movements and by inducing pain. Moreover, I connect these experiences to what the women understood to be at stake during their torments: their access to mind/reason, which, in turn, was the faculty enabling them to believe in God. Finally, I argue that the ability to believe in God through reason conditioned their various ways of explaining the relations between body, pain and mind.
Musikkselskapets portrettmedaljonger
Authors: Skagen Annabella , Pawel Daniela
Published: December 2024

In 1786, three large portrait medallions were commissioned for the Musical Society in Trondheim, Norway. The medallions were made from wood and painted with antique-style portraits of three local musicians – Niels Krog Bredal, Johan Peter Thams, and Johan Daniel Berlin. The medallions are owned by the NTNU University Museum and currently exhibited at the Ringve Music Museum. Two similar medallions of unknown origin exist; a portrait of Christian Frederik Hagerup, and a medallion bearing the initials P.B. and the date December 31st, 1786.
The article conducts a multi-disciplinary study of the five medallions from an object-based research perspective. The authors’ differing museum backgrounds offer the double perspectives of music and cultural history together with material and art history. A technological investigation of the medallions is combined with analyses of style, motives, and décor, against the background of biographical and contextual information. Two likely artisans are indicated, and new light is shed on the «unexplained» medallions. The medallions’ designs are contextualized with reference to the tradition of memorial coins, and the medallions’ social function is construed as part of a bourgeois strategy for self-representation and identity formation.
UHPLC-UHRMS and 109AgNPs-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of pesticide residues in Solanum lycopersicum L.
Authors:   Doctoral School at the Rzeszów University of Technology, Poland, Krupa Sumi , Nizioł Joanna ,   Department of Polymers and Biopolymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Poland
Published: December 2024

Pesticide use in agriculture is a controversial topic due to concerns of health and environmental risks. Controlling plant diseases and crop quality with minimal negative impact on human and nature is of utmost importance. In this study ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed for targeted pesticide detection of Solanum lycopersicum L. fruits from three different sources, revealing that the highest abundances of pesticides were present in a tomato from a local marketplace. Mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the most pesticide-affected sample was conducted, resulting in imaging four of the seventeen compounds detected by UHPLC-UHRMS analysis.
The Extended Xlindley Distribution: Its Properties and Application to Lifetime Data
Authors: Aderoju Samuel Adewale , Faniyi Toyin Elijah
Published: December 2024

This study introduced an Extended Xlindley Distribution (EXD), which was derived from the two-parameter Quasi XLindley distribution through the introduction of another parameter β. Some of its mathematical properties were obtained. The moment and maximum likelihood estimation method were used in estimating the parameters of the proposed distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test was applied to two retrieved datasets, compared against other existing models, and demonstrated greater efficiency than the considered models.
Enhancing Tablet Product Experience on AliExpress
Authors: Isak Mukhtar Adan , Laksono Pringgo Widyo , Pujiyanto Eko
Published: December 2024

In the competitive e-commerce landscape, understanding customer experience is critical for businesses to enhance satisfaction and drive sales, particularly for tablet products. This study provides in-depth insights into customer experiences with tablet products on the AliExpress platform by analyzing 4,469 online reviews through sentiment analysis and topic modeling. The sentiment analysis reveals that while a significant portion of reviews are neutral to slightly negative, the overall sentiment is positive, indicating general satisfaction. Topic modeling uncovers key themes, with positive discussions centered around fast delivery, value for money, and children's enjoyment, while negative themes highlight issues with screen performance, customs processes, and unexpected taxes, particularly for Brazilian customers. Temporal analysis shows dynamic spikes in topics like fast delivery and cost-benefit during specific periods. These findings provide actionable guidance for businesses and manufacturers to optimize tablet quality, logistics, and marketing strategies to meet the needs and preferences of their target audience better.
Compartimentações morfológica e antrópica na Lapa de Antônio Pereira, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais
Authors: Couto Leandro Cosme Oliveira , Travassos Luiz Eduardo Panisset
Published: December 2024

Este artigo cuida das compartimentações morfológica e antrópica da Lapa de Antônio Pereira, localizada em Ouro Preto (MG) e utilizada para fins religiosos desde o século XVIII. A elaboração de modelos conceituais de compartimentações morfológica e antrópica decorre de análises de campo e de gabinete, precedidas pelo reconhecimento do uso antrópico historicamente consolidado. Os modelos se distinguem entre segmentação e compartimentação morfológicas, baseados na distância ao acesso e no formato da cavidade, de iluminância, conforme técnica de interpolação, e de compartimentação antrópica em razão da diferenciação espacial dos usos predominantes. A morfologia da Lapa pode ser dividida em 05 segmentos distintos a partir de sua entrada única, com 03 compondo o eixo e alinhamento principal da cavidade (proximal, intermedial e distal) e 02 compondo ramificações de menor extensão (leste e oeste). O segmento proximal, mais antropizado, subdivide-se em 02 compartimentos. Os segmentos intermedial e distal abarcam, respectivamente, 03 e 02 compartimentos. A conjugação entre a distribuição espacial das intervenções antrópicas e a abrangência espacial da iluminação artificial enseja a compartimentação antrópica da Lapa de Antônio Pereira distinguindo-se 04 usos religiosos: celebração litúrgica e devoção à santa, correspondentes ao segmento proximal, além de limiar de purificação e contemplação divina.
A Single‐Step Dual Stabilization of Smart Window by the Formation of Liquid Crystal Physical Gels and the Construction of Liquid Crystal Chambers
Authors: Yoon Won‐Jin , Choi Yu‐Jin , Lim Seok‐In , Koo Jahyeon , Yang Seungchul , Jung Dayoung , Kang Shin‐Woong , Jeong Kwang‐Un
Published: November 2019

Smart windows are very attractive because they not only provide comfortable indoor conditions for cars and buildings, but also protect privacy. However, current smart windows have problems such as high energy consumption, slow response time, and poor stability. To solve these problems, a single‐step dual stabilization (SSDS) is newly proposed for the fabrication of robust liquid crystal (LC) smart windows switching fast at low voltage. Upon irradiating ultraviolet light on the selected area of the nematic (N) LC optical cell with photoisomerizable macrogelators (B3AZ) and photopolymerizable monomers, NLC physical gels (LCPGs) and partition walls are simultaneously constructed. LCPGs play a role of light shutter under a low electric field (9.6 Vpp) which is ten times lower than that of the conventional polymer‐stabilized LC‐based smart windows. Partition walls constructed by the selected area photopolymerization significantly enhance the mechanical stabilities. Based on the experimental results, it is realized that the NLC layer generated near the partition walls makes the LCPGs respond to a low voltage. Robust SSDS smart windows could open new doors for the development of high‐performance smart windows.
Nature‐Inspired Nacre‐Like Composites Combining Human Tooth‐Matching Elasticity and Hardness with Exceptional Damage Tolerance
Authors: Tan Guoqi , Zhang Jian , Zheng Long , Jiao Da , Liu Zengqian , Zhang Zhefeng , Ritchie Robert O.
Published: November 2019

Making replacements for the human body similar to natural tissue offers significant advantages but remains a key challenge. This is pertinent for synthetic dental materials, which rarely reproduce the actual properties of human teeth and generally demonstrate relatively poor damage tolerance. Here new bioinspired ceramic–polymer composites with nacre‐mimetic lamellar and brick‐and‐mortar architectures are reported, which resemble, respectively, human dentin and enamel in hardness, stiffness, and strength and exhibit exceptional fracture toughness. These composites are additionally distinguished by outstanding machinability, energy‐dissipating capability under cyclic loading, and diminished abrasion to antagonist teeth. The underlying design principles and toughening mechanisms of these materials are elucidated in terms of their distinct architectures. It is demonstrated that these composites are promising candidates for dental applications, such as new‐generation tooth replacements. Finally, it is believed that this notion of bioinspired design of new materials with unprecedented biologically comparable properties can be extended to a wide range of material systems for improved mechanical performance.
A High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Organic Photodetector for Near‐Infrared Sensing
Authors: Huang Jianfei , Lee Jaewon , Vollbrecht Joachim , Brus Viktor V. , Dixon Alana L. , Cao David Xi , Zhu Ziyue , Du Zhifang , Wang Hengbin , Cho Kilwon , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen
Published: November 2019

Sensitive detection of near‐infrared (NIR) light enables many important applications in both research and industry. Current organic photodetectors suffer from low NIR sensitivity typically due to early absorption cutoff, low responsivity, and/or large dark/noise current under bias. Herein, organic photodetectors based on a novel ultranarrow‐bandgap nonfullerene acceptor, CO1‐4Cl, are presented, showcasing a remarkable responsivity over 0.5 A W−1 in the NIR spectral region (920–960 nm), which is the highest among organic photodiodes. By effectively delaying the onset of the space charge limited current and suppressing the shunt leakage current, the optimized devices show a large specific detectivity around 1012 Jones for NIR spectral region up to 1010 nm, close to that of a commercial Si photodiode. The presented photodetectors can also be integrated in photoplethysmography for real‐time heart‐rate monitoring, suggesting its potential for practical applications.
Base‐Promoted Michael Addition/Smiles Rearrangement/ N‐Arylation Cascade: One‐Step Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted 4‐Quinolones from Ynones and Sulfonamides
Authors: Liu Jing , Ba Dan , Lv Weiwei , Chen Yanhui , Zhao Zemin , Cheng Guolin
Published: November 2019

A general, practical, and environmentally friendly protocol to synthesize 1,2,3‐trisubstituted 4‐quinolones from readily available ynones and sulfonamides was developed. The construction of one C−C bond and two C−N bonds via cleavage of one N−S, one C−S, and one C−X (X=F, Cl, Br, O) bond is achieved under transition‐metal‐free conditions in one step. This transformation generates 1 equiv. of sulfur dioxide and 1 equiv. of hydrogen halide as the byproducts. The broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance are demonstrated by 52 examples of 1,2,3‐trisubstituted 4‐quinolones. A preliminary mechanistic study supports a sequential Michael addition/Smiles rearrangement/N‐arylation reaction pathway.

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Trimethoxyphenyl (TMP) as a Useful Auxiliary for in situ Formation and Reaction of Aryl(TMP)iodonium Salts: Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers
Authors: Gallagher Rory T. , Basu Souradeep , Stuart David R.
Published: November 2019

Herein, we describe a synthetic approach for arylation that exploits the in situ formation and reaction of an unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salt. In this way, aryl iodides are used as reagents in a metal‐free reaction with phenols, and a trimethoxyphenyl (TMP) group is used as a “dummy” group to facilitate transfer of a wide range of aryl moieties. The scope of aryl electrophiles and phenol nucleophiles is broad (>30 examples) and the yields are high (52–95%, 80% avg.). One‐pot coupling reactions avoid the synthesis of diaryliodonium salts and provide opportunities for sequential reactions and novel chemoselectivity.

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Directed Self‐Assembly of MOF‐Derived Nanoparticles toward Hierarchical Structures for Enhanced Catalytic Activity in CO Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Suoying , Li Hang , Liu Pengfei , Ma Lu , Li Licheng , Zhang Weina , Meng Fanchen , Li Long , Yang Zhuhong , Wu Tianpin , Huo Fengwei , Lu Jun
Published: November 2019

The controllable self‐assembly of nanomaterials remains a great challenge in nanotechnological applications, especially for the hierarchical structure with high complexity. Herein, by taking the advantage of highly dispersed metal nodes and mild thermal stability of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), the self‐assembly of nanoparticles is directed from MOFs to construct CuO hierarchical structures, which have an inherited octahedral framework consisting of the microspheres, nanowires, and polyhedrons, respectively. Unlike the conventional self‐assembly in a solution media (such as solvent and molten solid), the assembly in this work is the first demonstration through a solution‐free approach. Moreover, compared to the general MOF‐derived CuO octahedron, the assembled hierarchical CuO structure exhibits much enhanced catalytic activity in CO oxidation thanks to the exposure of more active sites during the assembly.
Null variants and deletions in BRWD3 cause an X‐linked syndrome of mild–moderate intellectual disability, macrocephaly, and obesity: A series of 17 patients
Authors: Ostrowski Philip J. , Zachariou Anna , Loveday Chey , Baralle Diana , Blair Edward , Douzgou Sofia , Field Michael , Foster Alison , Kyle Claire , Lachlan Katherine , Mansour Sahar , Naik Swati , Rea Gillian , Smithson Sarah , Sznajer Yves , Thompson Elizabeth , Cole Trevor , Tatton‐Brown Katrina
Published: November 2019

BRWD3 has been described as a cause of X‐linked intellectual disability, but relatively little is known about the specific phenotype. We report the largest BRWD3 patient series to date, comprising 17 males with 12 distinct null variants and 2 partial gene deletions. All patients presented with intellectual disability, which was classified as moderate (65%) or mild (35%). Behavioral issues were present in 75% of patients, including aggressive behavior, attention deficit/hyperactivity and/or autistic spectrum disorders. Mean head circumference was +2.8 SD (2.8 standard deviations above the mean), and mean BMI was +2.0 SD (in the context of a mean height of +1.3 SD), indicating a predominant macrocephaly/obesity phenotype. Shared facial features included a tall chin, prognathism, broad forehead, and prominent supraorbital ridge. Additional features, reported in a minority (<30%) of patients included cryptorchidism, neonatal hypotonia, and small joint hypermobility. This study delineates the clinical features associated with BRWD3 null variants and partial gene deletions, and suggests that BRWD3 should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with an overgrowth‐intellectual disability (OGID) phenotype, particularly in male patients with a mild or moderate intellectual disability associated with macrocephaly and/or obesity.
Structural manipulation of PES constituents to prepare advanced alternative polymer for ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Rezania Hamidreza , Vatanpour Vahid , Arabpour Atefeh , Shockravi Abbas , Ehsani Morteza
Published: November 2019

Polyethersulfone (PES) is the most well‐known polymer for the preparation of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, but its membrane suffers from fouling. In this study, two engineered polymers were synthesized to provide optimal antifouling properties for UF membranes that simultaneously benefit from good properties of polyamide and PES. The choice of polyamide is due to its prominent characteristics and the convenience of its synthesis with various functional groups in a cost‐effective way. Two hydroxyl containing polyamide bearing sulfone groups (PAS) and ether group (PAE) were synthesized by polycondensation method. The UF membranes were fabricated using the phase inversion method via immersion precipitation of PAS, PAE, and PES in dimethylacetamide, as a solvent and water, as a nonsolvent. The obtained membranes were compared and characterized by means of atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode. The performance of membranes illustrated that the PAS and PAE membranes in comparison with the PES membrane had better porosity, water permeability, lesser protein fouling, more vertically finger‐like pores, and more hydrophilic surface. The water permeability of PES, PAE, and PAS was 7.3, 64.0, and 78.0 L m−2 h−1 while their flux recovery ratio was 59.4, 83.3, and 86.7%, respectively. The promising permeability and antifouling properties of the PAS are potentially applicable in the efficient industrial separation and wastewater treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48690.
2D Materials as Ionic Sieves for Inhibiting the Shuttle Effect in Batteries
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Wang Chengliang
Published: November 2019

Alternatives of commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have drawn huge attention due to the large demand of energy storage systems and the lack of resources for traditional LIBs. Promising candidates include but are not limited to Li‐S batteries, organic batteries and flow batteries. However, the dissolution of active materials and the consequent shuttle effect, as one of the main challenges in these candidates, always leads to significant capacity loss and poor cycling life. The rising two‐dimensional (2D) materials, with well‐defined structures and attractive physical and chemical properties, provide a new vision to solve these problems via suppressing the shuttle of the dissolved active materials. Herein, we present a minireview on the advances and perspectives of 2D materials as ionic sieves for inhibiting the shuttle effect in batteries.
Enzyme‐triggered fluorescence turn‐off/turn‐on of carbon dots for monitoring β‐glucosidase and its inhibitor in living cells
Authors: Kong Bo , Yang Tong , Hou Peng , Li Chun Hong , Zou Hong Yan , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: November 2019

Energy transfer engineering based on fluorescent probes for directly sensing enzyme activities are in great demand as enzyme‐mediated transformations, which are central to all biological processes. Here, a fluorescence carbon dot (CD)‐based assay exhibiting selective responses to the quantitation of β‐glucosidase and the effect of its inhibitor was developed. The most common substrate, para‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (pNPG) was hydrolyzed by β‐glucosidase to release p‐nitrophenol (pNP), which can efficiently quench fluorescence of CDs via an inner filter effect and electron transfer. However, in the presence of inhibitors of β‐glucosidase, the fluorescence intensity gradually recovered as the concentration of inhibitors increased. Therefore, the enzyme‐triggered fluorescence turn‐off/turn‐on of specific CDs successfully achieved sensitive detection of β‐glucosidase and monitored the effect of its inhibitors. This new strategy was applied to detect β‐glucosidase and monitor β‐glucosidase inhibitor in hepatoma cells using cell imaging. All results suggest that the new method is sensitive and promising for use in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Role of anti‐inflammatory interventions in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Ghazala Rasha Abdelmawla , El Medney Azza , Meleis Anisa , Mohie El dien Passant , Samir Hend
Published: November 2019

Lipotoxicity is defined as deposition of excess fat associated with an inflammatory response. Metabolomic analysis of fatty acids (FAs) can be a marker of silent inflammation. ω3‐Enriched diet, celecoxib, and safranal may have a protective anti‐inflammatory role. In this work, total FAs extracted from red blood cells and arachidonic acid‐to‐eicosapentaenoic acid (AA‐to‐EPA) ratios were assessed using GC–MS assay in single‐ion monitoring mode. The study was conducted on 64 male rats divided into eight groups: I, controls; II, rats received high‐fat diet (HFD), III, rats received ω‐6‐enriched HFD; IV, rats received ω‐3‐enriched HFD; V, rats received celecoxib with HFD; VI, rats received safranal with HFD; VII and VIII, rats received celecoxib and safranal with ω‐3 HFD, respectively. GC–MS Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry was performed for analysis of fatty acid methyl ester. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) concentrations. A statistically significant decrease of AA‐to‐EPA ratio was observed in group VII when compared with the groups receiving HFDs. This group also showed the lowest serum IL‐6 level and highest TGF‐β1 level. In conclusion, ω3‐enriched diet along with drugs (e.g. celecoxib) and herbal medications (e.g. safranal) may have an anti‐inflammatory effect in lipotoxicity. GC–MS with single‐ion monitoring is valid for the analysis of FAs.
Cancer burden attributable to human papillomavirus infection by sex, cancer site, age, and geographical area in China
Authors: Duan Rufei , Qiao Youlin , Clifford Gary , Zhao Fanghui
Published: November 2019

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) attributable cancer burden is currently unknown in China, which is essential to evaluate the potential benefit of existing HPV vaccines and to inform cancer control policy.

Methods

We extracted data of cancer incidence and mortality in 2014 from Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report, and data of national population from National Bureau of Statistics. HPV‐attributable cancer burden was estimated by incorporating cancer rates and population forecasts by sex, cancer site, age and geographical area, and then combined to corresponding population attributable fractions.

Results

We estimated that there were 110 894 HPV‐attributable new cancer cases in China in 2014, including 99 253 cervical cancers, 4449 noncervical cancers in females and 7192 cancers in males. The age‐standardized incidence of HPV‐attributable cancers in China was 5.69 per 100 000 persons, being slightly higher in rural than urban areas. Specifically, 51.1% of HPV‐attributable cervical cancers were diagnosed in women aged 40‐54 years, while 75.8% of noncervical cancers were diagnosed at 45‐79 years of age. Among males, 53.4% of cancers were diagnosed at 55‐74 years of age. Thirty five thousand six hundred and eighty three HPV‐attributable cancer deaths were estimated, including 29 683 due to cervical cancer, and 2307 and 3693 due to noncervical cancer in females and males, respectively.

Conclusions

The cancer burden attributable to HPV in China is substantial. HPV vaccination and cervical screening should be prioritized.
Was coach wrongly suspended for mishandling student‐athletes’ drug use?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: November 2019

In early 2016, the University of Minnesota's head wrestling coach for 30 years heard rumors about his student‐athletes using and selling drugs. He asked the team trainer to conduct drug testing on the team.
Outcome of patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting and severe calcific aortic stenosis receiving transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Höllriegel Robert , Spindler Aileen , Kiefer Philipp , Woitek Felix J. , Leontyev Sergey , Haussig Stephan , Crusius Lisa , Stachel Georg , Schlotter Florian , Hommel Jennifer , Borger Michael A. , Thiele Holger , Holzhey David , Linke Axel , Mangner Norman
Published: November 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on early safety at 30 days and 1‐year mortality in patients receiving transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background

The use of TAVR in patients with previous CABG suffering from severe aortic stenosis has increased in the last years.

Methods

Consecutive TAVR patients were stratified according to previous CABG versus no previous cardiac surgery (control). All‐cause 1‐year mortality and early safety at 30 days were evaluated.

Results

In the unmatched cohort and compared to control (n = 2,364), CABG (n = 260) were younger, more often male and suffered more often from comorbidities leading to an increased STS‐score (p < .001). The rate of early safety events at 30 days was comparable between CABG and control (21.2% vs. 24.6%, p = .22) with a higher mortality in CABG (9.6% vs. 5.3%, p = .005). All‐cause 1‐year mortality was higher in CABG compared to controls (HR 1.51 [95%‐CI 1.15–1.97], p = .003). Applying Cox regression analysis, both 30‐day (HR 1.57 [95%‐CI 0.97–2.53], p = .067) and all‐cause 1‐year mortality (HR 1.24 [95%‐CI 0.91–1.70], p = .174) were not significantly different between groups.

After propensity‐score matching, the rate of early safety events at 30 days was lower in CABG compared to controls (21.6% vs. 31.7%, p = .02). Thirty‐day (9.1% vs. 7.7%, p = .596) and all‐cause 1‐year mortality (24.0% vs. 23.1%, p = .520, HR 1.14 [95%‐CI 0.77–1.69], p = .520) were not different between groups.

Conclusion

In patients receiving TAVR, previous CABG was not associated with an increase in periprocedural complications and all‐cause 1‐year mortality when adjusted for other comorbidities.