bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of eruptions at New Zealand volcanoes
Authors: Latter J. H.
Published: October 2020

This paper reviews the nature and history of activity and the extent of risk at 14 volcanoes and volcanic centres in New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands. Mean intervals between eruptions are calculated, or estimated by extrapolation, for eight classes of eruption, represented by order of magnitude volume increases from 104m3 to 1011m3 (100 km3) Expected property losses in eruptions, divided by the approximate mean intervals, allow risk to be apportioned on an annual basis. In real terms the rhyolite volcanoes, between Kawerau/Lake Rotorua and the southern end of Lake Taupo, are easily the most destructive. Annually apportioned, however, the risk is highest for an eruption of about 107m3 at Mt Egmont. Cumulative volumes erupted with time are estimated for most of the volcanoes and, where possible, average rates of magma accumulation and subsequent eruption have been estimated. This enables any shortfall between the actual volumes erupted, and the expected volumes, to be estimated, thus giving a measure of eruption potential at the present time. This varies for different volcanoes, from about 0.04 km3 up to several hundred cubic kilometres. The time elapsed since the last eruption, divided by the mean frequency for that class of eruption, gives an idea of the likelihood of further activity, although the usefulness of the results is limited by large standard deviations. In the short term, less than 100 years, an eruption of 107m3 at Mt Egmont again emerges as the most likely damaging event. In the medium term, of the order of a few hundred years, an eruption of c.1 km3 in the Okataina-Rotorua area, or in the district between Lake Taupo and Rotorua, becomes probable. The data on which the conclusions are based, together with the mean intervals accepted, and the times elapsed since the last eruptions, are given in Appendices, so that the nature of the facts, and hence a wide perspective on volcanic activity in New Zealand, can be the better appreciated. The picture is one of volcanoes dormant for long periods of time, with great destructive potential, any of which could awaken at any time.
The role of science and engineering in mitigating natural hazards
Authors: Press Frank
Published: October 2020

This keynote address delivered to the Eighth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering is reported here with permission. It is a thoughtful and stimulating contribution and deserves the careful attention of readers.
New Test Statistics for One and Two Mean Vectors with Two-step Monotone Missing Data
Authors: Onozawa Mizuki , Yagi Ayaka , Seo Takashi
Published: October 2020

We consider the tests for a single mean vector and two mean vectors with two-step monotone missing data. In this paper, we propose new test statistics for one sample and two sample designs based on the simplified T^2-type test statistic. Further, we present the approximation to the upper percentiles of these statistics and propose the transformed test statistics. Finally, we investigate the accuracy and asymptotic behavior of the approximation for X^2 distribution by a Monte Carlo simulation.
IMPACT OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT STRATEGIES ON BRAND RECEPTION – LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Hofman-Kohlmeyer Magdalena
Published: October 2020

Considering the changes in media consumption, many well-known brands decided to invest in product placement. Companies apply various strategies of placing the brand inside the media programming, not only in movies or television programs but also in social media, computer games and music videos. Present paper is aimed on investigate the influence of chosen product placement strategy on product placement effectiveness and is based on literature review. Research on product placement in movies shows that a mixed type of placement which encompass visual presentations of a branded product, company name or logo, and verbal reference to the embedded brand is better remembered in comparison to only visual product placement. There are also recognized product placement strategy based on various plot-relation level. According to research made in computer games, higher brand and game congruity result in better attitude but a brand incongruent with the game plot is better remembered. The authors also frequently mention about product placement visibility. Prominent placement in movies and computer games led to worse brand attitudes, is perceived as more disruptive, less realistic and interferes with the plot than subtle placement. The advantage of prominent placement in both medias and video sharing sites is better influenced on brand remembering. When it comes to social media, product placement takes a form of written placement or video placement. Some studies proved that video placement exert greater impact on attitude, better brand impression and cause higher users’ intention to click. Similarly in computer games it can be listed animated or as a static ads. In quoted
study, brand recognition for the animated billboards was significantly higher than for static billboards and attitudes toward the animated ads were better.
ABC ANALYSIS IN REVERSE LOGISTICS IN THE COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Staniec Iwona , Boniecki Maciej
Published: October 2020

The reverse logistics related to unsold goods in B2B contracts is a current problem for both practitioners and scientists. This work addresses the problem of using ABC analysis
in reverse logistics. The analyzes used weekly data from 2014 to 2017 regarding sales and returns of selected assortment groups. The conducted analyzes showed that the dual ABC
categorization due to the volume of sales and returns allows the selection of key groups of assortments for a potential enterprise.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT BY THE LGUS (AS EXEMPLIFIED BY DĄBROWA GÓRNICZA COMMUNE)
Authors: Rokicki Jarosław
Published: October 2020

Risk management is an integral part of the management control processes, which is primarily the responsibility of the Manager of local government units. Conscious and structured risk management allows the manager to limit events that may have a negative impact on the implementation of tasks. This is why it is so important to organize a risk management process that ensures the achievement of objectives and tasks. The theoretical settlement made in part one of the article allowed the author, on the basis of internal regulations in the selected Dąbrowa Górnicza commune, to synthetically describe the risk management process and to present the measures and indicators that illustrate the process. Against this background, a formalized
risk management process in a commune where a lot of space has been devoted to the risk management process adopted is shown. The responsibilities of the individual employees of the organizations involved in the risk management process have been clearly identified.
HEALTH SERVICE MANAGER MANAGEMENT STYLES ACCORDING TO WERK PERSON MANAGEMENT STYLE INVENTORY
Authors: Czarska-Bonanaty Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

The goals of managerial personnel in Health Service include: defining duties for personnel teams, initiating and co-ordinating team work, care for development and improvement
of potential of workers. Requirements for modern companies do not allow for forcing specific behaviour among personnel but praise the ability to communicate by partnership and co-operation and quality of co-operation between the managing person and personnel. Assuming a thesis that there are preferred goals in management by Health Service managers, an attempt to identify them was made with the model of the Inventory of Person Management Styles WERK. The research was conducted on a group of 60 Health Service managers performing functions on various organizational levels. Respondents were managers hired in the public and non-public health care facilities from the Silesian and Podkarpackie Provinces. The analysis of results points that for the largest group of managers, the managing styles model WERK did not define both the dominating managing style as well as a style least typical for management. The fact indicates that managers in the health care facilities probably use the management style adequate to the situation or have the ability to switch between management styles using the characteristics typical for many management styles or use two or more management behaviors which they consider effective. Probability of existing specific management styles can be assumed as well, which are used by the Health Service managers and which have not been defined by the management styles model WERK.
BEHAVIORS OF M-PATIENTS OVER 60 YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Wrukowska Daria Emilia
Published: October 2020

In the period of Internet expansion in all areas of human activity, the classic understanding of older ICT (information and communication technologies) users is evolving towards the emergence of new groups of health market entities which include e-patients and m-patients. The subject of consideration is the behaviour of elderly using mHealth as well as stating the specifics of their behaviour in the process of seeking, utilizing, generating information about their health. On the basis of the conducted survey, the article formulates a number of practical guidelines for ICT specialists regarding the behaviour of elderly people in the use of mobile systems. The presented applications might be a hint that should be
taken into account while designing the e-health applications.
The Principle of Mutual Trust between Member States in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
Authors: Ladenburger Clemens
Published: October 2020

This study discusses, from various angles, the principle of mutual trust between Member States in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). As a starting point it refers to three emblematic cases decided by the European Court of Justice: “Aguirre Zarraga”, a child abduction case, “Jawo”, a case involving a transfer of an asylum applicant under the Dublin III regulation, and “LM”, a case concerning a European Arrest Warrant from Poland, called into question by courts in Ireland in the light of problems of judicial independence in Poland. The first section deals with the foundations and legal effects of the principle of mutual trust. Based on a fundamental distinction to be made between the AFSJ and more traditional EU law settings, it argues that the principle of mutual trust is not a freestanding legal requirement but rather a functional construction principle for the AFSJ. The second section explores several possible corollaries of mutual trust - independent authorities, common EU standards on criminal procedure and on penitentiary systems, and EU membership as such - and finds that all these are not quite as straightforward corollaries as they may appear at first sight. The decisive meta-corollary seems is respect for the rule of law. The third section looks at how EU law defines the limits to mutual trust and at the respective roles of the case law and the EU legislator in this context. It finds growing convergence between the two European Court in defining limits and proposes a heuristic distinction between retrospective and prospective settings as a guide for further interpretation. High emphasis is placed on the responsibility of the EU legislator in defining appropriate, tailor-made limits to mutual trust. Looking at the legislative reality so far, marked by various inconsistencies, there is ample room for improvement, but this will remain an arduous task as long as the notorious rule of law problems persist in some Member States. The last section is devoted to the perspective of the EU’s accession to the ECHR, in the aftermath of Opinion 2/13 in which the Court had relied inter alia on the principle of mutual trust to find the draft accession agreement as incompatible with EU primary law. The article dismisses ideas of a “disconnection clause” or of codifying the “Bosphorus presumption” to overcome the mutual trust objection of Opinion 2/13, and instead recommends a combination of a substantive clause on mutual trust and of procedural means to deal appropriately with cases on mutual trust arising in the Strasbourg Court. The final proposition is that the EU’s accession to the ECHR may be seen as a catalyst for mutual trust between EU Member States, promoting the smooth operation of legislative schemes based upon that principle, rather than as an obstacle to it.
Effects of Electron Irradiation on Optical Properties of Bismuth-Doped Phosphosilicate Fiber
Authors: V. Kir’yanov Alexander , Halder Arindam
Published: October 2020

The basic optical properties of yttrium-phosphosilicate fiber doped with bismuth (Bi) are assessed in both pristine state and that established after bombardment by a beam of high-energy electrons. The fiber has been developed and fabricated with a target to use it for laser applications in visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) domain. In this chapter, the main attention is paid to the dramatic changes in absorption spectra of the fiber under electron irradiation. Meanwhile, we reveal its overall resistance to irradiation in terms of emissive potential and bleaching contrast at excitation into the absorption bands of bismuth-related active centers. Besides, we report a new effect of large dose-dependent Stokes shift, experienced by the fiber’s cutoff wavelength, which arises due to refractive index rise in its core area. The laws obeyed by the fiber’s characteristics vs. dose are examined for possible applications in dosimetry.
More Credits, Less Cash: A Panel Cointegration Approach
Authors: Dal Sureyya
Published: October 2020

In this study, the long-run relation among credit expansion and liquidity risk was analyzed by using data of 20 banks in Turkish banking sector for the period 2014.Q1–2017.Q4. In the analysis, dynamic panel cointegration methodology which depends on cross-sectional dependence and homogeneity was adopted in order to determine whether there is a long-run relation between variables. As a result of the cointegration analysis, a long-run relation was found between liquidity risk and credit expansion. Also, the result indicates that credit expansion positively affects liquidity risk. This result suggests that the banks may constrain their credit growth in the long term in order to decrease liquidity risk.
The Modulus of Resilience for Critical Subsystems
Authors: Easton Eric , Beruvides Mario , Jackman Andrea
Published: October 2020

Accelerating digitization of critical infrastructures is increasing interconnection and interdependence among high-reliability subsystems. The resulting dependencies create new challenges in preventing underinvestment in high impact, low probability (HILP) events which can have disastrous consequences for society’s critical subsystems. These more impactful events highlight the differences between reliability and resiliency, with the latter applicable to black swans. A number of approaches for quantifying resiliency have been proposed; however, a review of literature identified conceptual gaps when applied to empirical event data. This chapter provides a scenario agnostic method to quantify resiliency by applying concepts from materials science in a generalized form. This new formulation resulted from a mapping of constructs used in tensile testing to characteristics of protracted subsystem disruptions. Based on the mapping and gap analysis, a resiliency index calculation was developed and applied using examples based on empirical data from high impact events.
Queda do crescimento demográfico da Amazônia colombiana: possíveis reflexos do fim do conflito bélico
Authors: Aragón Luis E.
Published: October 2020

Na Colômbia, ao longo de mais de 50 anos, uma guerra civil flagelou o país no conflito bélico mais longo da história contemporânea da América Latina, conflito que cessou em 2016, com a assinatura do acordo de paz entre as FARC-EP e o governo colombiano. O objetivo central deste artigo é descrever o crescimento demográfico da Amazônia colombiana conforme os últimos quatro censos (1985, 1993, 2005 e 2018), identificando possíveis relações entre a implantação do acordo e a queda contínua do ritmo de crescimento da população da Amazônia. Com as expectativas criadas pelo acordo, esperava-se um aumento significativo da população regional no censo de 2018, mas isso não se confirma. Existe uma associação inversa entre taxas de crescimento e intensidade de expulsão de deslocados forçados, indicando que as pessoas não estão retornando às áreas anteriormente dominadas pela guerrilha, como previsto no acordo, podendo levá-lo ao fracasso.
Spatio-temporal variations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide in Turkey based on satellite remote sensing
Authors: Yavaşlı Doğukan
Published: October 2020

The satellite observations of NO2 acquire the total tropospheric column over an area while the current ground observations lack spatial and temporal coverage. In this study the Dutch Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 (DOMINO) data product v2.0 for 2004 - 2019 period was used to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of NO2 in Turkey. Considering the seasonality characteristics of NO2, we have used pixel based Seasonal Kendall (S-K) test to investigate the trend of the change. The highest values of NO2 has been found at the metropolitan areas and perimeter of the high capacity power plants in the observed period. The monthly average concentrations of NO2 are higher in winter months due to the higher demand of heating and power usage. The S-K trend test results indicate a statistically negative trend at the largest cities such as Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir. However statistically significant positive trend has been found in some areas and Syrian border provinces in particular. Our results show that there is an abrupt change by 2011 in the tropospheric NO2 concentrations, same period when the first Syrian refugees have arrived after the political disorder. The dramatic change at the emission landscape of the NO2 in the region can be explained by changes in population concentration due to political circumstances.
Environmental consequences of the urban sprawl in the suburban zone of Nitra: An analysis based on landcover data
Authors: Hardi Tamás , Repaská Gabriela , Veselovský Ján , Vilinová Katarína
Published: October 2020

One of the most important territorial processes in the highly urbanised continent of Europe is suburbanisation, urban sprawl which occurs in a gradual manner over long periods and is not perceived as dramatic. Nevertheless the built-up urban areas and the urban lifestyle occupy step by step the periurban territories. Urban sprawl affects the essential environmental, economic and social functions of the impacted settlements. In the last decades these processes reached the less urbanised Central European region, leading to very fast and less planned changes in its settlement system. The research deals with these processes in the Central European non-metropolitan areas, around regional centres, and with their environmental impacts. The aim of this paper is, based on theoretical and empirical knowledge, to point out to spatial patterns of urban sprawl and suburbanisation in functional urban areas (FUA). This paper examines the urban sprawl and its impacts in Slovakia in the case of Nitra Functional Urban Area, in the agglomeration of an economically growing regional centre. The research is based on standard geographical methods including field research. Desktop and field empirical researches were conducted, with different methods such us GIS analysis of land use change. The analysis shows then to what extent cities and urban areas grow, from which one can conclude to how landscape surrounding the urban residential areas has changed, how the proportion of non-permeable surfaces increased, basically influencing the runoff of precipitation. The data demonstrate, moreover, how artificial patches and barriers fragment landscape more and more, endangering thereby biodiversity and decreasing green surfaces. The examination covers the 2000-2018 period, using the CORINE CLC 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018 databases. Thereby the authors are able to examine changes in a longer period of almost two decades, and three internal periods. All this is compared to the demographic changes of the urban area of Nitra as well, in order to see to what extent the change in the number of population contributes to the transformation of land cover and thereby to environmental impacts. The characteristic features of Nitra and its hinterland within this are analysed, then the Nitra FUA and within that the suburban zone is examined in detail. Nitra and its area feature high enlargement dynamics looking at the whole of the period, compared to other FUAs. It is typical almost everywhere that the enlargement of areas surrounding cities is more intensive than the growth of the city itself, which demonstrates general suburbanisation.
Investigating micrometeorological differences between saline steppe, forest-steppe and forest environments in northern Serbia during a clear and sunny autumn day
Authors: Milošević Dragan , Dunjić Jelena , Stojanović Vladimir
Published: October 2020

Saline habitats of the Pannonian plain are specific regarding their extraordinary biodiversity with many endemic species, yet they are among the most threatened European Communities with limited spatial distribution. These habitats are present in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the North of Serbia, in the area of Srednja Mostonga, and they are in the procedure of protection as the II category protected area - "region of exceptional characteristics". Great variety of rare and endemic species makes this area interesting for recreational and educational activities. In this paper we investigate micrometeorological and outdoor thermal comfort conditions in different natural environments at the area of Srednja Mostonga. This is the first micrometeorological field measurement study conducted in this region. Measurements were performed during the daytime of a sunny autumn day in 2019. The results showed that daytime air temperature was up to 3.4 °C lower in forest compared to steppe, while relative humidity was up to 5-6% higher in forest than in steppe with up to 3.2 m/s lower wind speeds in forest than in steppe area. Micrometeorological values were similar between forest-steppe and steppe. However, the outdoor thermal comfort conditions expressed via Humidex showed that 'some discomfort' was most often observed in forest-steppe during 27% of measurement time, followed with 13% of 'some discomfort' observed in steppe and only 1% of 'some discomfort' was observed in forest. Accordingly, during the warmest daytime hours outdoor activities could be performed in forest, while early morning and evening hours could be spent in steppe and forest-steppe areas of Srednja Mostonga.
Further improvement of methods for determining energy efficiency of buildings and structures in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Sharipov Rashid , Kudrevich Olga , Yerzhanov Syrymgali , Shavdinova Madina , Tyulyubayeva Dinara
Published: October 2020

One of the most important strategic objectives is to create a sustainable model for the development of the Kazakhstan economy, which is closely linked to the solution of energy saving and energy efficiency in the construction industry. The main principles of the energy efficiency strategy include integrated approach (efficient use of energy at all stages of the facility's life cycle for all types of energy resources, with legal support and organizational and technical control by the state) and systematic approach (the study of the process using general rather than partial approach). The article analyzes key problems and barriers that prevent the successful implementation of energy saving and energy efficiency policies. A significant role in the rational use of energy resources belongs to the regulatory framework. It was revealed that currently existing regulatory and technical documents in the country, unlike similar documents in EU countries, have a number of inaccuracies and disadvantages that do not allow for a full accounting of energy consumption. At present, there is practically no effective methodology for determining the energy efficiency of residential buildings and structures in Kazakhstan. In this regard, a methodology for determining the energy efficiency of buildings and structures, harmonized with EU requirements (taking into account energy consumption for heating, ventilation, high-temperature water supply, cooling and lighting) is currently being developed. The energy efficiency improvement of new, renovated and operated buildings will make it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thus contributing to solving both global environmental problems and energy and environmental security in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The Central Banks' policy response to COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Topić-Pavković Branka
Published: October 2020

During the past few months, the world has been battling an unexpected and invisible threat. It has challenged all aspects of life in dealing with economic, humanitarian, and social consequences. At the moment, the economic impacts of the corona crisis are still a puzzle, but the fact is that the largest crisis in the recent history caused by a pandemic will lead to a global recession. In times of crisis, a policy-mix strategy is necessary and implies the inclusion of respective Central Banks in providing adequate measures of monetary policy for economic and financial recovery. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyse measures taken by respective Central Banks in order to mitigate the damage caused by the virus crisis and help national economies in recovery. Reactivation of non-standard measures applied in the previous financial crisis shows that the standard instruments and targets of such institutions are insufficient in emergency circumstance. The comparative analysis conducted will show how Central Banks of the largest economies and the region responded to the corona virus challenge, with particular reference to the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results show that Central Banks opted for unconventional monetary policy measures reflected in quantitative easing, zero interest rates, and swap lines in order to alleviate the negative effects of the emerging crisis. Exceptional measures will be needed to ensure recovery in response to the coronavirus and the rapid deterioration of the global economy. The specificity of the monetary arrangement in Bosnia and Herzegovina has once again proved to be a constraint in the implementation of economic policy measures in extraordinary circumstances.
Entre México y España. De la emigración a la construcción de una imagen de poder: Bruno Zaldo (1836-1916).
Authors: Martín García Juan José , Zaparaín Yáñez María José
Published: October 2020

Bruno Zaldo Rivera (Pradoluengo – España, 1836-1916) constituye un ejemplo del emigrante que triunfó “haciendo las Américas”. En este artículo se perfila la figura de un hombre que, con apenas estudios básicos, y gracias a su trabajo y perspicacia, fue capaz de aprovechar las oportunidades en las esferas económica y social, desde sus inicios como pequeño comerciante en el emporio mexicano de Veracruz, hasta su elección como senador de España. La investigación demostrará su versatilidad empresarial y su generosidad en forma de innumerables donaciones y fundaciones. El análisis de sus iniciativas como promotor inmobiliario y banquero de éxito, y sus relaciones sociales y políticas, explican su acceso hasta el selecto grupo de la alta sociedad española de la Restauración. Por último, se comprobará cómo, el arte, en todas sus expresiones, supuso un instrumento para la consolidación de su prestigio y para la elaboración de su imagen como prohombre de la Nación.

Bruno Zaldo Rivera (Pradoluengo – España, 1836-1916) represents an example of the emigrant who triumphed “haciendo las Americas” [making it in the Americas]. In this paper, a man is profiled who, with hardly the most basic studies, and thanks to his endeavors and perspicacity, was capable of benefitting from the opportunities, both in economic and in social spheres, from his beginnings as a small-time merchant in the Mexican emporium of Veracruz, to his election as a senator of Spain. The investigation demonstrates his entrepreneurial versatility and his generosity in the form of innumerable donations and foundations. The analysis of his initiatives as a real-estate promotor and successful banker, and his social and political relations, explain his accession to a group within the high society of the Spanish Restauration. Finally, it will be shown how art, in all of its expressions, was subsumed as an instrument for the consolidation of his prestige and for the preparation of his image as a distinguished gentleman of the Nation.
La trayectoria de Pedro José Agrelo a través de la circulación regional y la dinámica ciudad-puerto.
Authors: Eiris Ariel Alberto
Published: October 2020

Las dinámicas ciudades-puerto implican procesos de transformaciones sociales, económicas y políticas que influyen sobre los diversos actores sociales. El estudio de la trayectoria de uno de esos actores, vinculados a la actividad gubernamental y cultural permite comprender la forma en que se dieron este tipo de procesos. Para ello se tomará el caso del letrado Pedro José Agrelo, quien facilitará el estudio de las transformaciones de eje de circulaciones culturales y espacios políticos en función de los desarrollos portuarios regionales.

The dynamic port-cities involve processes of social, economic and political transformations that influence the various social actors. The study of the trajectory of one of these actors, linked to the governmental and cultural activity allows to understand the way in which this type of processes were given. For this, the case of the lawyer Pedro Jose Agrelo will be taken, who will facilitate the study of transformations of the axis of cultural movements and political spaces in function of regional port developments.
Fuentes para el estudio del comercio y los comerciantes en el Río de la Plata durante la transición al capitalismo (1770-1830).
Authors: Schlez Mariano
Published: October 2020

A partir del estado actual de la historiografía, el artículo presenta las fuentes y observables para el estudio del comercio y los comerciantes del Río de la Plata, desde la creación del Virreinato rioplatense hasta la conformación de las Provincias Unidas, es decir, entre la crisis del Imperio español en América del Sur y la creación de Estados independientes en la región. A través de una descripción de las fuentes disponibles y sus características, presenta los fundamentos metodológicos para la construcción de una mirada superadora a la que actualmente tenemos de la cuestión.

From the current state of historiography, the article presents the sources and observables for the study of the commerce and merchants of the Río de la Plata, from the creation of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate to the formation of the United Provinces, that is, between the crisis of the Spanish Empire in South America and the creation of independent States in the region. Through a description of the available sources and their characteristics, he presents the methodological foundations for the construction of an outlook that we currently have of the issue.
Reflexiones en torno a las fuentes orales. Historia y memoria en los relatos sobre migración italiana en Ecuador (XIX-XX).
Authors: Pagnotta Chiara
Published: October 2020

Desde hace algunos años, en la comunidad académica, se afirmó la idea de que las fuentes orales ofrecen una interesante clave de lectura acerca de las interpretaciones, los sentidos y la relectura de los acontecimientos vividos por parte de sus protagonistas. Al mismo tiempo, se postuló que las fuentes orales están sujetas a una cierta forma de subjetividad y (auto) censura determinada por un control individual, colectivo o social sobre la fuente misma. En la parte inicial del texto, me propongo detallar las particularidades de las fuentes orales, en cuanto fuentes producidas a partir del encuentro entre investigador y testimonio del evento. En la segunda parte, pretendo ofrecer una reflexión acerca de la relación entre la historia y la trasmisión de la memoria, a partir de los relatos de los descendientes de los italianos que emigraron a Ecuador en el siglo XIX y finalmente me centraré en mostrar cómo algunos acontecimientos históricos son reelaborados, reinterpretados e inclusive olvidados por los protagonistas de la migración través del filtro de la memoria que cambia con el tiempo. Una fuente importante para este trabajo son los relatos de los inmigrantes italianos y sus descendientes recopilados en Ecuador entre 2010 y 2015.

It is some years, inside the academic community, that it is emerged the idea that oral sources offer an interesting key about the interpretations, the feelings and the reworking of the lived events by their own protagonists. At the same time, it has been postulated that oral sources are subject to a certain form of subjectivity and (self) censorship, determined by individual, collective or social control over the source itself. In the initial part of the text, I propose to detail the particularities of oral sources, as the product of the encounter between the researcher and the witness of the event. In the second part, I intend to offer a reflection on the relationship between history and the transmission of memory, based on the stories of the Italians' descendants who emigrated to Ecuador in the 19th century. Finally, I will focus on showing how the filter of memory, that changes over time, re-elaborates, reinterprets and even forgot some historical events. An important source for this work are the stories of Italian immigrants and their descendants collected in Ecuador between 2010 and 2015.
El impacto de la pandemia en el modelo de negocio de los medios de comunicación
Authors: Martínez Martínez Silvia
Published: October 2020

La pandemia por la COVID-19, además de la emergencia sanitaria ocasionada, ha tenido efectos en diferentes sectores. Los medios de comunicación también se han visto influidos tanto por el incremento de la demanda informativa como por el impacto en un modelo de negocio afectado por el descenso de la inversión publicitaria. Un momento que, además, era clave para algunos de estos medios, que se encontraban inmersos en un cambio de estrategia consistente en una transformación hacia el pago por contenidos en su edición digital.
Parallel global profiling of plant TOR dynamics reveals a conserved role for LARP1 in translation
Authors: Scarpin M Regina , Leiboff Samuel , Brunkard Jacob O
Published: October 2020

Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a protein kinase that coordinates eukaryotic metabolism. In mammals, TOR specifically promotes translation of ribosomal protein (RP) mRNAs when amino acids are available to support protein synthesis. The mechanisms controlling translation downstream from TOR remain contested, however, and are largely unexplored in plants. To define these mechanisms in plants, we globally profiled the plant TOR-regulated transcriptome, translatome, proteome, and phosphoproteome. We found that TOR regulates ribosome biogenesis in plants at multiple levels, but through mechanisms that do not directly depend on 5′ oligopyrimidine tract motifs (5′TOPs) found in mammalian RP mRNAs. We then show that the TOR-LARP1-5′TOP signaling axis is conserved in plants and regulates expression of a core set of eukaryotic 5′TOP mRNAs, as well as new, plant-specific 5′TOP mRNAs. Our study illuminates ancestral roles of the TOR-LARP1-5′TOP metabolic regulatory network and provides evolutionary context for ongoing debates about the molecular function of LARP1.
Injuries among children and adolescents in a rapidly growing urban African metropolis: a cross-sectional survey of 1,968 households in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Pérez Méndez Mónica Alejandra , Kigwangalla Hamisi A. , Bärnighausen Till , Lowery Wilson Michael
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To assess the patterns and incidence of child and adolescent injury and explore associations with household deprivation and child characteristics in a low-income urban setting.

Study Design

Cross-sectional household survey in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods

Data collection took place during July 2009. Injuries requiring medical attention were recorded with a one month period of recall. A total of 1,968 households representing 3,927 children and adolescents were visited by health workers. Gender-, age-, and type-specific injury incidence was compiled. Odds ratios were calculated to measure associations with child injury, perceived deprivation, household characteristics and child characteristics.

Results

One household in five reported injuries. The estimated incidence was 3.2 per 10,000 child-years. The most common identifiable injuries were falls (41%), cuts (22%) and burns (16%). Male and younger children aged 1–4 years were at higher risk (respectively OR = 1.36; p = 0.004; OR = 1.47; p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

In Dar e Salaam injuries are common. Future investigations should take into account both subjective and objective measurements of relative household deprivation and a clear criteria for the assessment of injury severity in community-based survey contexts.
Physical inactivity as a risk factor to mortality by ischemic heart disease during economic and political crisis in Brazil
Authors: Silva Diego Augusto Santos
Published: October 2020

Background

To investigate the burden of mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to low levels of physical activity in the Brazilian population (aged ≥ 25 years) before, during and after economic and political crises (2007–2017).

Methods

This study was focused on IHD as a cause of death. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases (10th revision) codes related to IHD have been mapped. The data used for the physical activity estimates of the present study refer to surveys with random sampling carried out in the Brazilian territory that considers all domains of physical activity. The contribution of physical activity for mortality due to IHD was estimated using a comparative risk assessment approach. In addition, we verified the association between mortality due to IHD attributable to low levels of physical activity according to the Socio-demographic Index of the Brazilian states.

Results

For males it was estimated that in 2007 and 2017 there were, respectively, 9,585 and 11,821 deaths due to IHD as a result low physical activity. For females there were 8,689 deaths in 2007 and 10,779 deaths in 2017 due to IHD attributable to low physical activity. From 2007 to 2017, there was 12.0% (for males) and 16.0% (for females) of reduction in age-adjusted mortality rate due to IHD attributable to low physical activity. This reduction was not observed in the Northern and Northeastern regions of Brazil for the male population. Brazilian states with better socioeconomic conditions showed greater reductions in age-adjusted mortality rate due to IHD attributable to low physical activity (male: ρ = −0.74; female: ρ = −0.54)

Conclusion

The fiscal austerity policies implemented and the lower investment in social programs in the period of economic and political crisis highlighted the social inequalities between Brazilian geographic regions for the burden of mortality due to IHD attributable to low levels of physical activity.
A INCLUSÃO DOS SURDOS NAS AULAS DE MATEMÁTICA: ANÁLISE DAS RELAÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS NA TRÍADE PROFESSORA-INTÉRPRETE-SURDO / THE INCLUSION OF DEAF PEOPLE ON MATH CLASSES: PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSES OF THE TRIAD RELATION TEACHER - INTERPRETER - DEAF STUDENT
Authors: Muniz Salvador Cardoso Silva , Peixoto Jurema Lindote Botelho , Magina Sandra Maria Pinto
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo analisamos a inclusão de surdos nas aulas de Matemática por meio das relações estabelecidas na tríade “professora, estudante surdo e Tradutor Intérprete da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (TILS). O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas turmas, 7o e 9o anos do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola pública da Bahia. Tratou-se de uma investigação qualitativa desenvolvida, na qual se analisou a relação entre os elementos da tríade acima mencionada. Para coletar os dados, foram observadas oito aulas de Matemática, com registro em diário de campo, e entrevistas com cada componente da tríade. Os resultados apontam que a relação da tríade nas aulas de Matemática não se estabeleceu, uma vez que nem todos os vértices estiveram conectados. O TILS foi o protagonista do ensino, o vértice mais firme na tríade, fato que tornou frágil a educação dos surdos no contexto inclusivo.
Deep Granuloma Annulare (Pseudorheumatoid Nodule) in Children: Clinicopathologic Study of 35 Cases
Authors: McDermott M.B. , Lind A.C. , Marley E.F. , Dehner L.P.
Published: July 2002

Deep granuloma annulare (DGA) is one of several lesions of skin and superficial soft tissues whose histologic character is a palisading granuloma with a small central focus of necrosis or necrobiosis. Unlike the other palisading necrobiotic lesions, DGA has a predilection for children in the first 5 to 6 years of life. A painless subcutaneous nodule(s) in the lower anterior tibial region or foot and the scalp, typically in the occiput, was the most common presenting feature in this study of 35 cases. Additional or recurrent lesions were reported in approximately 70% of cases with clinical follow-up. All lesions showed the presence of necrobiosis; however, one of the characteristic features was the multinodular character of the predominantly mononuclear cellular aggregates. The presence of vascular spaces at the periphery of the nodular profiles served as a clue to the diagnosis of DGA. The palisading arrangement of the mononuclear cells was evident only in those foci with central necrobiosis. A histiocytic disorder or fibrohistiocytic process was a common consideration in the differential diagnosis, especially in those cases with less apparent foci of necrosis. Palisading histiocytes with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm and some nuclear atypism were problematic with regard to possible epithelioid sarcoma. Our study failed to identify any underlying or predisposing factors in the development of DGA. Despite the fact that DGA is a well-documented lesion in children, it occurs sufficiently infrequently that it is often not considered clinically when it presents as a subcutaneous mass or masses in a child. Its recognition by the pathologist is especially important as the occurrence of additional lesions in a high proportion of children can be anticipated without undue concern.
Systeme acellulaire d'incorporation du 1‐14C‐D mannose dans les glycoproteines d'aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Richard M. , Letoublon R. , Louisot P. , Got R.
Published: July 2002

The smooth microsomal fractions from Aspergillus oryzae were shown to carry out transfer of mannose from GDP‐mannose to endogenous proteins acceptors. Data also are presented which support that among the subcellular fractions, only the microsomes are active in the mannose transfer reaction. All of the radioactive material chromatographs with mannose, following acid hydrolysis of microsomal fractions.
DNA‐dependent ATPase B of FM3A cells
Authors: Watanabe Yoshinari , Nagata Kyosuke , Tawaragi Yasunori , Enomoto Takemi , Hanaoka Fumio , Yamada Masa-atsu
Published: July 2002

One form of DNA‐dependent ATPase (DNA‐dependent ATPase B) has been purified from FM3A cells. In this report, we describe the association of DNA polymerase α activity with DNA‐dependent ATPase B through a series of purification steps and the final separation of the two enzymes by glycerol gradient centrifugation operated at a low salt concentration.
The importance of non‐planar bilayer regions in photosynthetic membranes and their stabilisation by galactolipids
Authors: Murphy Denis J.
Published: July 2002

Photosynthetic membranes contain considerable regions of high surface curvature, notably at their margins, where the average radius of curvature is about 10 nm. The proportion of total membrane lipid in the outer and inner thylakoid margin monolayers is estimated at 21% and 13%, respectively. The major thylakoid lipid, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, is roughly cone‐shaped and will not form complete lamellar bilayer phases, even in combination with other thylakoid lipids. It is proposed that this galactolipid plays a role in: (a) stabilising regions of concave curvature in thylakoids; and (b) packaging hydrophobic proteins in planar bilayer regions by means of inverted micelles. This model predicts substantial asymmetries in the distribution of lipids both across and along the thylakoid bilayer plane.
Resolution of Ca2+—calmodulin‐activated protein kinase from wheat germ
Authors: Polya Gideon M. , Davies Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2002

A soluble Ca2+‐ and Ca2+—calmodulin‐activated protein kinase was partially purified from wheat germ. The phosphorylation of histones and casein catalyzed by this enzyme is largely Ca2+‐dependent. After repeated gel filtration of the protein kinase in the presence of 1 mM EGTA, the phosphorylation of casein and histones by the enzyme is activated 3‐fold and up to 16‐fold, respectively, by added calmodulin (12.5 μM). Such activation of the protein kinase by calmodulin is Ca2+‐dependent. The protein kinase binds to calmodulin—Sepharose 4B in a Ca2+‐dependent fashion. This type of Ca2+‐activated protein kinase may be involved in stimulus—response coupling in plants.
The lactose carrier of Escherichia coli functionally incorporated in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides obeys the regulatory conditions of the phototrophic bacterium
Authors: Elferink Marieke G.L. , Hellingwerf Klaas J. , Nano Francis E. , Kaplan Samuel , Konings Wil N.
Published: July 2002

Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was provided with the ability to transport lactose via conjugation with a strain of Escherichia coli bearing a plasmid containing the lactose operon (including the lac Y gene, coding for the lactose carrier or M protein) and subsequent expression of the lac operon in Rps. sphaeroides (Nano, F.E. and Kaplan, S. submitted). The initial rate of lactose transport in Rps. sphaeroides was studied as a function of the light intensity and the magnitude of the proton‐motive force. The results demonstrate that lactose transport is regulated by the rate of cyclic electron transfer in the same way as the endogenous transport systems.
Synthesis of α2‐macroglobulin in rat hepatocyte and in a cell‐free system
Authors: Andus Tilo , Gross Volker , Tran-Thi Thuy-Anh , Heinrich Peter C.
Published: July 2002

The biosynthesis and secretion of α2‐macroglobulin was studied in rat hepatocytes primary cultures. After immunoprecipitation of α2‐macroglobulin from a cell homogenate and the hepatocyte medium, two forms of α2‐macroglobulin with app. M
r of 176000 and 182000, respectively, were identified. A precursor—product relationship for the two α2‐macroglobulin forms was demonstrated by a pulse‐chase experiment. The cellular form of α2‐macroglobulin could be deglycosylated by endoglucosaminidase H, whereas the medium form of α2‐macroglobulin remained unaffected. On the other hand, only the medium form of α2‐macroglobulin was found to be susceptible to neuraminidase. In vitro translation of rat liver poly(A)+ RNA resulted in a translation product of an app. M
r of 162000.
Cyclic AMP‐independent phosphorylation of Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase
Authors: Malloy Peter J. , Reeves Henry C.
Published: July 2002

The phosphorylation of NADP‐specific isocitrate dehydrogenase in a wild‐type and in an adenylate cyclase deletion mutant of Escherichia coli has been investigated. The results obtained clearly indicate that cyclic AMP is not required for the phosphorylation reaction per se, nor is it for the synthesis or possible activation of the phosphoprotein kinase in this organism. This data are in contrast to results observed in Salmonella typhimurium, and indicate that important differences exist in the phosphorylation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase in these two organisms.
The complete amino acid sequence of ribonuclease C2 from Aspergillus clavatus
Authors: Bezborodova S.I. , Khodova O.M. , Stepanov V.M.
Published: July 2002

The complete amino acid sequence of ribonuclease C2 from Aspergillus clavatus has been determined. It consists of 104 amino acids, corresponding to M
r 11242. The sequence is homologous to those of fungal ribonucleases with known primary structures.