bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria are recruited by different watermelon phenotypes relating to rind colors formation
Authors: Xiao Jian , Chen Si-yu , Sun Yan , Yang Shang-dong , He Yi
Published: April 2022

To elucidate the biological mechanism of yellow rind formation on watermelon, the characteristics of soil bacterial community structure in rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria in stem of yellow rind watermelon were analyzed. Based on high-throughput sequencing technology, plant stem and rhizosphere soil samples, which collected from yellow and green rind watermelons were used in this paper, respectively. The structural characteristics of the endophytic bacteria in stems and soil bacterial communities in rhizospheres of yellow and green rind watermelons were comparative studied. Firstly, significant different proportions of some dominant bacteria and abundances could be detected between yellow and rind watermelons. Meanwhile, although different abundances of endophytic bacteria could be found, but no significant differences were observed between yellow and green rind watermelons. Moreover, Gemmatimonadota, Myxococcota, WPS-2, norank_f_Gemmatimonadaceae and Bradyrhizobium were the soil dominant bacterial genera in rhizosphere of green rind watermelon. All above results suggest that differences of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria are exactly recruited as “workers” by different watermelon phenotypes relating to rind color formations.
Reversible, β-sheet-dependent self-assembly of the phosphoprotein phosvitin is controlled by the concentration and valency of cations
Authors: Betschart Martin U. , Sarem Melika , Shastri V. Prasad , Lüdeke Steffen
Published: April 2022

At low pH, the hyperphosphorylated intrinsically disordered protein phosvitin undergoes a conformational transition to a β-sheet accompanied by slow protein–protein assembly. Different cations modulate this process in different ways.
Asiatic acid from Cyclocarya paliurus regulates the autophagy–lysosome system via directly inhibiting TGF-β type I receptor and ameliorates diabetic nephropathy fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Xuan-xuan , Liu Yao , Xu Su-su , Yang Ru , Jiang Cui-hua , Zhu Li-ping , Xu Yin-ying , Pan Ke , Zhang Jian , Yin Zhi-qi
Published: April 2022

AA could decrease TGF-β1 secretion and suppress tubulointerstitial fibrosis by directly inhibiting TGF-βR1 and activate the autophagy–lysosome system in DN fibrosis.
Recent progress in rare-earth metal-catalyzed sp2 and sp3 C–H functionalization to construct C–C and C–heteroelement bonds
Authors: Seth Kapileswar
Published: April 2022

The review presents rare-earth metal-catalyzed C(sp2/sp3)–H functionalization accessing C–C/C–heteroatom bonds and olefin (co)polymerization, highlighting substrate scope, mechanistic realization, and origin of site-, enantio-/diastereo-selectivity.
Investigation of thermoluminescence and photoluminescence properties of Tb3+, Eu3+, and Dy3+ doped NaYF4 phosphors for dosimetric applications
Authors: Kulkarni Preeti Padhye , Gavhane Kishor H. , Bhadane Mahesh S. , Bhoraskar Vasant N. , Dahiwale Shailendra S. , Dhole Sanjay D.
Published: April 2022

Photoluminescence and novel thermoluminescence dosimetric properties of NaYF4:Ln3+ (Ln = Tb, Eu and Dy).
Multi-compartment supracapsules made from nano-containers towards programmable release
Authors: Hu Minghan , Reichholf Nico , Xia Yanming , Alvarez Laura , Cao Xiaobao , Ma Shenglin , deMello Andrew J. , Isa Lucio
Published: April 2022

We fabricate supracapsules, i.e. multi-compartment suprastructures formed by nanocapsules via droplet-templated assembly. Supracapsules not only retain the functions of the individual nanocapsules, but also allow programming the release of cargoes.
Site-selective electrochemical thiocyanation of benzylic C–H bonds
Authors: Liu Deyang , Zhang Zelong , Yu Jiang , Chen Haihong , Lin Xuan , Li Ming , Wen Lirong , Guo Weisi
Published: April 2022

An electrochemical protocol for site-selective benzylic C(sp3)–H thiocyanation was developed under mild reaction conditions.
An investigation on PANI/NENP-1 composite as a novel photocatalyst for photocatalytic dye wastewater degradation and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Heling , Yang Huaizhi , Pan Zhiquan , Cheng Qingrong
Published: April 2022

Integrating nitrogen-enriched nanoporous polytriazine COF on polyaniline nanofiber tube photocatalysts forms a unique interfacial structure for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater and hydrogen evolution under solar light.
Enantioselective construction of cis-hydroindole scaffolds via an asymmetric inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction: application to the formal total synthesis of (+)-minovincine
Authors: Zhang Fangqing , Ren Bing-Tao , Zhou Yuqiao , Liu Yangbin , Feng Xiaoming
Published: April 2022

An enantioselective IEDDA reaction between 2-pyrone and cyclic enamine was realized to construct cis-hydroindoles in high yield and ee, providing a concise route for formal total synthesis of (+)-minovincine.
Twin PdPtIr porous nanotubes as a dual-functional catalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions
Authors: Yu Dan , Liu Qian , Chen Bing , Zhao Yisong , Jia Peng , Sun Keju , Gao Faming
Published: April 2022

We successfully synthesized PdPtIr porous nanotubes. The mass activity of PdPtIr PNTs-400 is 1.26 A mgPd+Pt+Ir−1 and the specific activity is 1.3 A cm−2 in acidic media.
Origin of the unique thermoelectric transport in Mg3(Sb,Bi)2: absence of d-orbital bonding in crystal cohesion
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Guo Zhe , Zhang Qiang , Cai Jianfeng , Liu Guoqiang , Tan Xiaojian , Jiang Jun
Published: April 2022

Owing to the small periodic number of Mg, the absence of d-orbital bonding is responsible for Mg3(Sb,Bi)2's unique conduction band dispersion and extraordinarily low lattice thermal conductivity.
A review on monolithic perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells: progress, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Gao Chao , Du Daxue , Ding Dong , Qiao Feiyang , Shen Wenzhong
Published: April 2022

This review proposes electrical optimization strategies to enhance the efficiencies of conformal perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells and also discusses the progress in large-scale manufacturing, stability issues, and bifacial properties.
Enhanced visible-NIR absorption and oxygen vacancy generation of Pt/HxMoWOy by H-spillover to facilitate photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Ge Hao , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Kusu Kazuki , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: April 2022

Pt/HxMoWOy with strong plasmonic absorption and abundant oxygen-defects achieves high CO yield in photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation at low temperature.
Oral nanozyme-engineered probiotics for the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zhao Huan , Du Yurong , Liu Lei , Du Yabing , Cui Kang , Yu Pu , Li Li , Zhu Yanjie , Jiang Wei , Li Zhen , Tang Hao , Ma Wang
Published: April 2022

Pt-lipid coated probiotics have better resistance to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract, improving the homeostasis of the intestinal epithelial barrier and offering considerable potential for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
A multi-functional SiO32−-releasing hydrogel with bioinspired mechanical properties and biodegradability for vascularized skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Xu Pengcheng , Yang Qiang , Zhang Lin , Wu Kang , Bai Yanjie , Saijilafu  , Yang Huilin , Zhou Huan , Lin Xiao , Yang Lei
Published: April 2022

A SiO32−-releasing hydrogel (SRH) demonstrates multiple functions for skeletal muscle regeneration. The SRH with bioinspired biodegradation behavior enhances vascularized muscle regeneration.
MXene-based composite double-network multifunctional hydrogels as highly sensitive strain sensors
Authors: Luan Huixin , Zhang Dongzhi , Xu Zhenyuan , Zhao Wenhao , Yang Chunqing , Chen Xiaoya
Published: April 2022

This paper reports MXene-based composite double-network multifunctional hydrogels as highly sensitive strain sensors.
A high temperature macroscopically flexible inorganic CaYAl3O7:Eu3+ nanofiber luminescent membrane
Authors: Wang Dehua , Chen Lixiang , Jiang Longlong , Yu Yang , Lu Ye , Li Hebin , Li Yang , Meng Zifei , Su Qi , Zhang Yongcheng , Wang Xiaoxiong
Published: April 2022

A macroscopically flexible inorganic nanofiber functional membrane.
DRL based offloading of industrial IoT applications in wireless powered mobile edge computing
Authors: Chen Wenchao , Zhu Bincheng , Chi Kaikai , Zhang Shubin
Published: April 2022

Mobile edge computing is the network technology for providing computing resources of edge computing server to Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Additionally, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology can provide stable energy supplying to IIoT nodes and to overcome the limited node lifetime problem faced when using batteries. In this paper, the wireless powered mobile edge computing network is considered where the edge computing server transfers RF energy to IIoT nodes which use harvested energy to offload partial computation workload based on OFDMA and also conduct local computation. The aim is to maximise the weighted sum computation rate by jointly optimising the WPT duration and the amount of energy used for offloading at each node for each time frame. This paper proposes an offloading approach based on deep reinforcement learning which is able to quickly obtain the near‐optimal offloading solutions. Specifically, the original offloading problem is decomposed into the sub‐problem of optimising the energy allocated for offloading under a given WPT duration and the top‐problem of optimising the WPT duration. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve the near‐optimal weighted sum computation rate with very low complexity, which is tailored for the practical dynamic‐channel environment.
Adaptive control for manipulators with unknown virtual control coefficients and input nonlinearities
Authors: Zhou Tianyue , Liu Cungen , Wang Huanqing , Sun Yulong , Ma Piming , Zhang Wensheng , Zhu Weihong
Published: April 2022

This paper addresses the adaptive control problem for a one‐link manipulator system driven by a motor with uncertain virtual control coefficients (VCCs) and nonlinearities. The unknown VCCs are composed by the certain and uncertain items, where the first part is decided by the moment of inertia of the manipulator and another is generated by that of the load. An auxiliary variable and the Nussbaum gain technique are invoked to handle the uncertainties of VCCs and input nonlinearities. Moreover, a finite‐time prescribed performance function is introduced to design the adaptive control scheme for the manipulator system, which guarantees the tracking error converges to a fixed interval in a setting time and all signals in the manipulator system are bounded.
Two‐stage single image dehazing network using swin‐transformer
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Hua Zhen , Li Jinjiang
Published: April 2022

Hazy images often have color distortion, blur and other visible visual quality degradation, affecting the performance of some advanced visual tasks. Therefore, single image dehazing has always been a challenging and significant problem. Convolutional neural network has been widely used in image dehazing task, but the limitations of convolutional operation limit the development of dehazing task. Nowadays, Transformer offers a holistic approach to CV development and does not grow in location as the network deepens. For this reason, a hierarchical Transformer is introduced for use in the dehazing network. Specifically, the codec is improved and Transformer and CNN are combined to achieve basic feature extraction in the first stage. The encoder only models the global relationship at each layer, reducing the resolution of the feature map continuously and expanding the field of perception. In addition, an inter‐block supervision mechanism is added between encoder unit and decoder unit to refine features and supervise and select them, thus improving the efficiency of feature transmission. In the second stage, the original resolution block is used to extract the local features, and then feature fusion and interaction are carried out. In addition, to ensure the authenticity of the transmission of characteristic signals in the first stage and improve the transmission efficiency of the network, fusion attention mechanism is added between stages. It adds the residual image of the early input features to the image acquired in the first stage, then passes to the next stage. Ablation experiments show that the two‐stage network has significant benefits for image quality and visual effects. The experimental results on RESIDE, O‐Haze, and I‐Haze datasets show that the method is superior to advanced methods in dehazing effectiveness.
Study on preparation and durability of surface microstructure of copper alloy
Authors: Xing Lei , Zhang Qiaoxin , Cai Xu , Yu Jingui , Li Yufa , Gong Xuan
Published: April 2022

Superhydrophobic surfaces have huge applications in wetting fields. However, the surface is prone to mechanical abrasion and environmental damage in the application. This paper provides an alternative approach to preparing durable superhydrophobic surfaces, reveals the wear mechanism of the copper alloy surface and compares the tribological properties of different surfaces. Then, take the superhydrophobic surface of the circular truncated cone microstructure as an example to verify the durability under friction and wear, atmospheric environment, and acid and alkali media. The results show that compared with the polished surface, the copper alloy surface with microstructures can effectively reduce the friction coefficient of the surface and improve the tribological performance. The prepared superhydrophobic surface can endure abrasion under certain pressure and distance, and keep great stability in the atmospheric environment and acid–base conditions.
Research on key technologies of P2P transaction in virtual power plant based on blockchain
Authors: Li Bin , Yang Fan , Qi Bing , Bai XueFeng , Sun Yi , Chen Songsong
Published: April 2022

It is a critical part of increasing renewable energy accommodation by using virtual power plant (VPP) to attain carbon neutrality. However, VPP applications primarily consider VPP's participation in power market transactions as a whole and rarely consider the transaction interaction between internal resources. VPP's internal resources complement each other organically, and blockchain technology for distributed transactions has incorporated points. In this article, the authors undertake a study and examine the P2P scenario of VPP internal transactions in light of the issues experienced by DERs transactions. Next, the authors analyse the consensus mechanism, smart contract, inter‐blockchain technology, and game theory, and how to apply them in the P2P scenarios of VPP internal transactions. Further, the authors design the function of the DER transaction system, which lays the foundation for the realisation of the system in the future. Finally, the authors conclude that the potential of blockchain technology in P2P transactions between internal entities of the VPP is significant and warrants further investigation.
Data‐driven detection and identification of IoT‐enabled load‐altering attacks in power grids
Authors: Lakshminarayana Subhash , Sthapit Saurav , Jahangir Hamidreza , Maple Carsten , Poor H. Vincent
Published: April 2022

Advances in edge computing are powering the development and deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) systems to provide advanced services and resource efficiency. However, large‐scale IoT‐based load‐altering attacks (LAAs) can seriously impact power grid operations, such as destabilising the grid's control loops. Timely detection and identification of any compromised nodes are essential to minimise the adverse effects of these attacks on power grid operations. In this work, two data‐driven algorithms are proposed to detect and identify compromised nodes and the attack parameters of the LAAs. The first method, based on the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics approach, adopts a sparse regression framework to identify attack parameters that best describe the observed dynamics. The second method, based on physics‐informed neural networks, employs neural networks to infer the attack parameters from the measurements. Both algorithms are presented utilising edge computing for deployment over decentralised architectures. Extensive simulations are performed on IEEE 6‐, 14‐, and 39‐bus systems to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Numerical results confirm that the proposed algorithms outperform existing approaches, such as those based on unscented Kalman filter, support vector machines, and neural networks (NN), and effectively detect and identify locations of attack in a timely manner.
Therapie der Uveitis mit Biologika
Authors: Dingerkus Vita Louisa Sophie , Becker Matthias Dieter , Doycheva Deshka
Published: April 2022

Zielsetzung Ziel dieser Zusammenfassung ist das Vermitteln einer Übersicht zu den verschiedenen Ansatzpunkten, Wirkmechanismen und Indikationen diverser Biologika, die bei der
Therapie der nichtinfektiösen Uveitis zum Einsatz kommen.

Material und Methoden Etablierte sowie aktuelle Literatur wurden herangezogen, um die biochemischen und pathophysiologischen Grundlagen sowie eine evidenzbasierte Empfehlung zum
Therapieeinsatz verschiedener Biologika bei nichtinfektiöser Uveitis allgemein und bei speziellen Uveitisentitäten darzulegen.

Ergebnisse Für viele Biologika, hier nennenswert TNF-α-Inhibitoren, einige Interleukininhibitoren, Interferone sowie B- und T-Zell-Inhibitoren, liegen mittlerweile gute Daten vor,
was ihren Einsatz in der Uveitistherapie mehr als rechtfertigt. Dies trifft insbesondere für den TNF-α-Inhibitor Adalimumab zu, welcher der einzig zugelassene Vertreter für diese Indikation
unter den vorgestellten Biologika ist.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Biologika haben die Behandlung der Uveitis revolutioniert und sind aus der aktuellen Therapie der intraokularen Entzündung nicht mehr wegzudenken. Biologika
werden bei Ineffektivität oder Unverträglichkeit konventioneller immunsuppressiver Medikamente empfohlen, aber auch bei der Therapie von schwerwiegenden Uveitisformen (z. B. Morbus Behçet).
Die TNF-α-Inhibitoren sind die am häufigsten verwendeten Biologika bei Uveitis.
Kataraktoperation beim Vorliegen einer Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie
Authors: Maier Philip Christian , Reinhard Thomas
Published: April 2022

Bei Betroffenen mit einer Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie beginnen die Probleme mit den Augen häufig in einem Alter, in dem sich auch schon erste Anzeichen einer Katarakt zeigen. Und umgekehrt
findet man in der augenärztlichen Praxis immer wieder Patient*innen mit einer deutlichen Katarakt und einer Cornea guttata als Nebenbefund. In beiden Situationen stellt sich dann die Frage,
ob zunächst nur eine posteriore lamelläre Keratoplastik (in Deutschland meist als DMEK) bzw. nur eine Kataraktoperation erfolgen oder ob gleich ein kombiniertes Vorgehen (sog.
Triple-Operation) angestrebt werden sollte. Nur bei jungen Betroffenen mit einer fortgeschrittenen Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie ohne jeglichen Hinweis auf eine Katarakt und gut erhaltener
Akkommodation kann, je nach individuellen Gegebenheiten, eine alleinige DMEK sinnvoll sein, in allen anderen Fällen erscheint eine Triple-Operation geeigneter. Dabei erscheint ein
sequenzielles Vorgehen in diesen Situationen weniger angebracht, da sich in zahlreichen Studien zeigte, dass der Verlauf und die Ergebnisse nach einer Triple-Operation mit denen nach einem
sequenziellen Vorgehen vergleichbar sind. Beim Vorliegen einer signifikanten Katarakt und einer Cornea guttata fällt die Entscheidung im Hinblick auf das operative Vorgehen deutlich
schwerer. Hierbei gibt es unterschiedliche Aspekte in der Anamnese sowie den ophthalmologischen Untersuchungen (z. B. zentrale Hornhautdicke, Endothelzelldichte), die einem bei der
Entscheidung helfen können. Soll dann zunächst nur eine Kataraktoperation erfolgen, sollten geeignete Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, um ein möglichst optimales Ergebnis trotz Vorliegen der
Cornea guttata zu erreichen. Im folgenden Beitrag soll auf die wichtigsten prä-, peri- und postoperativen Aspekte im Hinblick auf die bestmögliche operative Versorgung von Betroffenen mit
Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie und Katarakt eingegangen werden.
Kompensation von Leistungen zwischen Hausärzten und Kinder-
und Jugendmedizinern am Beispiel der Früherkennungsuntersuchungen bei
Kindern und Jugendlichen – Analyse von bundesweiten
KBV-Daten
Authors: Kleinke Fabian , Nowack Anne , Beyer Angelika , Hoffmann Wolfgang , van den Berg Neeltje
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund Trotz einer Zunahme von 13,1% bei der Anzahl der
niedergelassenen Kinder- und Jugendärzten im Zeitraum von 2011 bis 2020
stagniert die Kapazität in der pädiatrischen
vertragsärztlichen Versorgung weitgehend. Zu den Gründen
hierfür gehören die zunehmende Flexibilisierung der
Arbeitszeiten sowie eine rückläufige Bereitschaft zur
Niederlassung. Zudem besteht ein Ungleichgewicht in der räumlichen
Verteilung von vertragsärztlichen pädiatrischen
Versorgungskapazitäten. Während Ballungsgebiete häufig
von Überversorgung geprägt sind, fehlen vor allem in
ländlichen Regionen zunehmend Kinderärzte. Dies führt in
der Folge dazu, dass Hausärzte in ländlichen Regionen zunehmend
einen Teil der pädiatrischen Versorgung übernehmen. In dieser
Analyse wird diese Kompensation quantifiziert am Beispiel der
Früherkennungsuntersuchungen.

Methoden Grundlage der Analyse war der Einheitliche
Bewertungsmaßstab (EBM) aus dem Jahr 2015 (4. Quartal). Ausgewertet
wurden bundesweite Abrechnungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen
Bundesvereinigung (KBV) für Hausärzte und Kinder- und
Jugendärzte aus dem Jahr 2015.

Ergebnisse Die Auswertung des EBM zeigt, dass im EBM-Abschnitt 1.7.1
(Früherkennung von Krankheiten bei Kindern) insgesamt 16
Möglichkeiten zur Kompensation von Leistungen in den
arztgruppenübergreifenden allgemeinen Gebührenordnungspositionen
(GOP) zwischen Haus- und Kinderärzten bestanden. Hierin sind
insbesondere die Kinderuntersuchungen U1 bis U9 enthalten. Die Analyse der
bundesweiten Abrechnungsdaten der KBV zur Früherkennung von Krankheiten
bei Kindern zeigt, dass zwischen ländlichen und urbanen Regionen
wesentliche Unterschiede in den Abrechnungsspektren der Leistungserbringer
bestehen. Bundesweit wurden von Hausärzten in 2015 6,6% der
Leistungen aus dem Bereich „Früherkennung von Krankheiten bei
Kindern“ abgerechnet. In ruralen Regionen betrug der Anteil 23%,
in urbanen Regionen 3,6%. In der Analyse der bundesweiten
Abrechnungsdaten zeigt sich, dass der Anteil der abgerechneten Leistungen bei
Hausärzten in ruralen Regionen höher ist als in urbanen
Regionen.

Schlussfolgerung Der EBM erlaubt insbesondere im Bereich der
arztgruppenübergreifenden allgemeinen GOP die Abrechnung von Leistungen
sowohl durch Haus- als auch Kinderärzte. Anhand der bundesweiten
Abrechnungsdaten der KBV zeigt sich, dass Hausärzte in
ländlichen Regionen mehr Leistungen aus den entsprechenden Abschnitten
abrechnen als in urbanen Regionen.
Aryl Methyl Ketones: Versatile Synthons in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Mohammed Shabber , Mitton-Fry Mark J. , West Jason S.
Published: April 2022

The synthesis of aromatic heterocycles has attracted substantial attention due to the abundance of these heterocycles in drug molecules, natural products, and other compounds of biological interest. Accordingly, there is a demand for straightforward synthetic protocols toward such compounds using readily available starting materials. In the past decade, there have been substantial developments in heterocycle synthesis, especially in metal-catalyzed and iodine-assisted approaches. This graphical review focuses on notable reactions from the past decade using aryl and heteroaryl methyl ketones as starting materials, including representative reaction mechanisms.
Functional Outcome Comparison of Free Gracilis Muscle Anchoring Methods in Patients with Facial Paralysis: Upper Lip Red Line Incision versus Facelift Incision Approach
Authors: Park Hojin , Hong Dae Won , Oh Tae Suk
Published: April 2022

Background The greatest challenge of a free-muscle transfer in facial reanimation surgery is anchoring muscle to perioral soft tissue. An additional incision provides a better way to anchor the transferred muscle but leaves a visible scar. Herein, we compared the functional and aesthetic outcomes in a conventional facelift incision approach with and without the addition of a red line incision.

Methods This study included patients experiencing unilateral facial paralysis who underwent free gracilis transfer between December 2016 and December 2018. Anchoring through facelift incision with extended neck incision was performed in the control group, while a red line incision was added in the red line group by avoiding extended neck incision. Oral commissure excursion, upper lip and commissure height differences, and symmetry were measured.

Results A total of 24 patients met the criteria and were included in this study. Of these, 10 patients were assigned to the red line group and 14 to the control group. The red line and control groups demonstrated a similar symmetry index in both resting (0.96 ± 0.18 and 0.92 ± 0.10, respectively; p = 0.435) and smiling (0.94 ± 0.12 and 0.91 ± 0.10, respectively; p = 0.314). However, the upper lip height difference demonstrated greater postoperative improvement (resting: 2.12 ± 1.13 vs. 3.92 ± 1.41 mm, p = 0.002, and smiling: 1.68 ± 0.88 vs. 3.41 ± 1.69 mm, p = 0.004, respectively). A scar could be easily concealed on the mucocutaneous line of the lip.

Conclusion This novel method for muscle anchoring in facial reanimation surgery allows surgeons to approach perioral muscle more directly. This leads to improved surgical results by securely anchoring the transferred muscles using a fixation point that is more medially located than in other approaches. Our method is effective and offers an improved surgical outcome for the free functional gracilis muscle transfer.
Cleaning a fusion reactor mirror with controlled plasma discharge
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: April 2022

Focused discharge can remove harmful metal atoms deposited on observation mirrors without interfering with reactor operations.
Navigating learner data in translator and interpreter training
Authors: Pan Jun , Wong Billy Tak-Ming , Wang Honghua
Published: April 2022

The development of technology, in particular, innovations in natural language processing and means to explore big data, has influenced different aspects in the training of translators and interpreters. This paper investigates how learner corpora and their research contribute to the teaching and learning of translation and interpreting. It starts with a review of the evolvement of learner corpora in translator and interpreter training. Drawing on data from the Chinese/English Translation and Interpreting Learner Corpus (CETILC), a learner corpus developed for the study of lexical cohesion, the paper introduces three case studies to illustrate the possibilities of exploring learner data through human annotation, machine-facilitated human annotation, and finally human-supervised/edited machine annotation. The findings of the case studies suggest the complexity of learner language and its intricate relationships with various factors concerning the learner, text, and task. The paper ends with a discussion of the great potentials of purposely made learner corpora such as the CETILC in translator and interpreter training, as well as the application of learner corpora in (semi-) automatic processing of learner texts.
Simplification of pharmaceutical pictograms to improve visual acuity
Authors: Pedersen Pia , Oderkerk Chiron , Beier Sofie
Published: April 2022

The purpose of pharmaceutical pictograms is to help patients manage their medicinal treatment. However, the
pictograms often lack perceptual clarity. While they are frequently tested for aspects such as comprehension, little attention has
been paid to their legibility. This paper presents the conception and results of an experiment adapted from the ISO ‘Method for
testing perceptual quality’ (ISO 9186-2:2008) to measure the visibility of pictogram elements in two sets: 15 American USP
pictograms and 15 redesigned versions reduced in complexity. The statistical analysis did not show reliable significant
differences, which indicates that there are more factors at stake.
Improved Li storage performance of SnO nanodisc on SnO2 quantum dots embedded carbon matrix
Authors: Dutta Pathak Dipa , Ahirwar Satyaprakash , Mandal Balaji Prasad , Tyagi Avesh Kumar
Published: April 2022

Li-ion batteries with conversion type anode are attractive choice, for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, because of their high theoretical capacity and cycle stability. On the contrary, enormous volume change during lithiation/delithiation and irreversible conversion reaction limits use of such anodes. To overcome these challenges, incorporating nano-sized SnO
x
on flexible carbonaceous matrix is an efficient approach. A facile and scalable fabrication of SnO nanodisc decorated on SnO2 quantum dots embedded carbon (SnO
x
@C) is reported in the present study. Detailed structural and morphological investigation confirms the successful synthesis of SnO
x
@C composite with 72.3 wt% SnO
x
loading. The CV profiles of the nanocomposite reveal a partial reversibility of conversion reaction for the active materials SnO
x
. Such partial reversible conversion enhances the overall capacity of the nanocomposite. It delivers a very high discharge capacity of 993 mAh g−1 at current density of 0.05 A g−1 after 200 cycles; which is 2.6 times higher than that of commercial graphitic anode (372 mAh g−1) and very close to the calculated capacity of the SnO
x
@C composite. This unique nanocomposite remarkably improves Li storage performance in terms of reversible capacity, rate capability and cycling performance. It is established that such engineered anode can efficiently reduce the electrode pulverization and in turn make conversion reaction of tin partially reversible.
False discovery rate: the Achilles’ heel of proteogenomics
Authors: Aggarwal Suruchi , Raj Anurag , Kumar Dhirendra , Dash Debasis , Yadav Amit Kumar
Published: April 2022

Proteogenomics refers to the integrated analysis of the genome and proteome that leverages mass-spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics data to improve genome annotations, understand gene expression control through proteoforms and find sequence variants to develop novel insights for disease classification and therapeutic strategies. However, proteogenomic studies often suffer from reduced sensitivity and specificity due to inflated database size. To control the error rates, proteogenomics depends on the target-decoy search strategy, the de-facto method for false discovery rate (FDR) estimation in proteomics. The proteogenomic databases constructed from three- or six-frame nucleotide database translation not only increase the search space and compute-time but also violate the equivalence of target and decoy databases. These searches result in poorer separation between target and decoy scores, leading to stringent FDR thresholds. Understanding these factors and applying modified strategies such as two-pass database search or peptide-class-specific FDR can result in a better interpretation of MS data without introducing additional statistical biases. Based on these considerations, a user can interpret the proteogenomics results appropriately and control false positives and negatives in a more informed manner. In this review, first, we briefly discuss the proteogenomic workflows and limitations in database construction, followed by various considerations that can influence potential novel discoveries in a proteogenomic study. We conclude with suggestions to counter these challenges for better proteogenomic data interpretation.
Reconstructing tumor clonal lineage trees incorporating single-nucleotide variants, copy number alterations and structural variations
Authors: Fu Xuecong , Lei Haoyun , Tao Yifeng , Schwartz Russell
Published: April 2022

Motivation

Cancer develops through a process of clonal evolution in which an initially healthy cell gives rise to progeny gradually differentiating through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic mutations. These mutations can take various forms, including single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), copy number alterations (CNAs) or structural variations (SVs), with each variant type providing complementary insights into tumor evolution as well as offering distinct challenges to phylogenetic inference.

Results

In this work, we develop a tumor phylogeny method, TUSV-ext, which incorporates SNVs, CNAs and SVs into a single inference framework. We demonstrate on simulated data that the method produces accurate tree inferences in the presence of all three variant types. We further demonstrate the method through application to real prostate tumor data, showing how our approach to coordinated phylogeny inference and clonal construction with all three variant types can reveal a more complicated clonal structure than is suggested by prior work, consistent with extensive polyclonal seeding or migration.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/CMUSchwartzLab/TUSV-ext.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Scaling multi-instance support vector machine to breast cancer detection on the BreaKHis dataset
Authors: Seo Hoon , Brand Lodewijk , Barco Lucia Saldana , Wang Hua
Published: April 2022

Motivation

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops in breast tissues, and, after skin cancer, it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the United States. Given that an early diagnosis is imperative to prevent breast cancer progression, many machine learning models have been developed in recent years to automate the histopathological classification of the different types of carcinomas. However, many of them are not scalable to large-scale datasets.

Results

In this study, we propose the novel Primal-Dual Multi-Instance Support Vector Machine to determine which tissue segments in an image exhibit an indication of an abnormality. We derive an efficient optimization algorithm for the proposed objective by bypassing the quadratic programming and least-squares problems, which are commonly employed to optimize Support Vector Machine models. The proposed method is computationally efficient, thereby it is scalable to large-scale datasets. We applied our method to the public BreaKHis dataset and achieved promising prediction performance and scalability for histopathological classification.

Availability and implementation

Software is publicly available at: https://1drv.ms/u/s!AiFpD21bgf2wgRLbQq08ixD0SgRD?e=OpqEmY.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Laparoscopic versus open lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in locally advanced rectal cancer: multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lim Han-Ki , Kim Minjung , Park Ji Won , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Park Kyu Joo , Oh Heung-Kwon , Kim Duck-Woo , Kang Sung-Bum , Lee Dong Woon , Park Sung Chan , Oh Jae Hwan , Jeong Seung-Yong ,   Seoul Colorectal Research Group (SECOG), Lim H.-K. , Kim M. J. , Park J. W. , Ryoo S.-B. , Park K. J. , Kim M. H. , Oh H.-K. , Kim D.-W. , Kang S.-B. , Park S. S. , Lee D. W. , Park S. C. , Oh J. H. , Shin R. M. , Heo S. C. , Jeong S.-Y.
Published: April 2022

Background

Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) is an option in the treatment of rectal cancer and may reduce local recurrence/improve disease-free survival. Advancements in minimally invasive technology have improved the ability to identify anatomy and neurovascular structures that may help in LPLND. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and oncological safety of laparoscopic LPLND compared with the open LPLND.

Method

Between July 2010 and July 2019, patients from three tertiary referral hospitals who underwent LPLND with total mesorectal excision for primary rectal cancer were included. Baseline patient characteristics, perioperative outcomes, pathologic results, recurrence, and survival were compared between the laparoscopic and open groups.

Results

There were 126 and 70 patients in the laparoscopic and open groups respectively. The laparoscopic group had less estimated blood loss (100 ml versus 300 ml, P < 0.001) and lower transfusion rate (0.8 per cent versus 10.0 per cent; P = 0.003) but longer operating times (318 min versus 270 min, P = 0.004). The laparoscopic group had fewer wound infections (1.6 per cent versus 10.0 per cent, P = 0.011) and neuropathy (0 per cent versus 4.3 per cent, P = 0.044). Lateral pelvic recurrence rate was 7.6 per cent in the laparoscopic group and 19.6 per cent in the open group (P = 0.053). Recurrence-free survival (72.2 per cent versus 63.5 per cent; P = 0.190) and overall survival (93.3 per cent versus 85.0 per cent; P = 0.118) were not significantly different.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic LPLND was associated with improved perioperative outcomes and non-inferior oncological outcomes.
A multilevel, step-based model to evaluate progress in procedure efficiency for laparoscopic appendicectomy in surgical training: structured evaluation using ‘ebb-and-flow’ and ‘string-of-pearls’ concepts
Authors: Søreide Kjetil , Skjold-Ødegaard Benedicte
Published: April 2022

Background

Surgical training is aimed towards entrusted professional activity to obtain operative independence. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is performed early in training but except for simulators, real-life evaluation towards proficiency is scarce. The aim of this study was to model how each consecutive step may impact on the overall proficiency score for surgical trainees performing laparoscopic appendicectomy.

Methods

This was an observational cohort study of laparoscopic appendicectomy performed by junior trainees (PGY1–4) under supervision and evaluated for each of eight steps. Each step was scored on a validated six-point performance scale and classified as ‘fail’, ‘pass’, or ‘proficient’. Modelling was conducted with a multivariable regression model and artificial neural network model with a multilayer perceptron for the relationship between steps and overall performance.

Results

Of 157 procedures, 97 (61.8 per cent) procedures were evaluated as ‘proficient’, 46 (29.3 per cent) were ‘pass’, and 14 (8.9 per cent) were ‘fail’. In regression analyses, handling the mesoappendix was significantly associated with procedure proficiency, as were division of appendix, access to abdomen, and ability to handle the small bowel. The widest variation in operative flow was shown for steps involving mesoappendix and division of appendix, conceptualized in ‘ebb-and-flow’ and ‘string-of-pearls’ models. Sensitivity analyses for experience using 20 or fewer, 30 or fewer, or more than 30 procedures as cut-offs reproduced comparable results.

Conclusions

Consistent stumbling blocks for junior trainees performing laparoscopic appendectomies can be conceptualized through novel models that identify steps deemed to be the most difficult to trainees with variable experience.
Regulation of signaling pathways in hair follicle stem cells
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiang , Liu Yinghui , He Jia , Wang Jingru , Chen Xiaodong , Yang Ronghua
Published: April 2022

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) reside in the bulge region of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. They are considered slow-cycling cells that are endowed with multilineage differentiation potential and superior proliferative capacity. The normal morphology and periodic growth of HFSCs play a significant role in normal skin functions, wound repair and skin regeneration. The HFSCs involved in these pathophysiological processes are regulated by a series of cell signal transduction pathways, such as lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein, Notch and Hedgehog. The mechanisms of the interactions among these signaling pathways and their regulatory effects on HFSCs have been previously studied, but many mechanisms are still unclear. This article reviews the regulation of hair follicles, HFSCs and related signaling pathways, with the aims of summarizing previous research results, revealing the regulatory mechanisms of HFSC proliferation and differentiation and providing important references and new ideas for treating clinical diseases.
WNT5A drives interleukin-6-dependent epithelial–mesenchymal transition via the JAK/STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis
Authors: Lee Young In , Shim Jung Eun , Kim Jihee , Lee Won Jai , Kim Jae Woo , Nam Kee Hyun , Lee Ju Hee
Published: April 2022

Background

Keloid scarring is a fibroproliferative disease caused by aberrant genetic activation with an unclear underlying mechanism. Genetic predisposition, aberrant cellular responses to environmental factors, increased inflammatory cytokines and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomena are known as major contributors. In this study, we aimed to identify the molecular drivers that initiate keloid pathogenesis.

Methods

Bulk tissue RNA sequencing analyses of keloid and normal tissues along with ex vivo and in vitro tests were performed to identify the contributing genes to keloid pathogenesis. An animal model of inflammatory keloid scarring was reproduced by replication of a skin fibrosis model with intradermal bleomycin injection in C57BL/6 mice.

Results

Gene set enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of Wnt family member 5A (WNT5A) expression and genes associated with EMT in keloid tissues. Consistently, human keloid tissues and the bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis animal model showed significantly increased expression of WNT5A and EMT markers. Increased activation of the interleukin (IL)-6/Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and subsequent elevation of EMT markers was also observed in keratinocytes co-cultured with WNT5A-activated fibroblasts or keloid fibroblasts. Furthermore, WNT5A silencing and the blockage of IL-6 secretion via neutralizing IL-6 antibody reversed hyperactivation of the STAT pathway and EMT markers in keratinocytes. Lastly, STAT3 silencing significantly reduced the EMT-like phenotypes in both keratinocytes and IL-6-stimulated keratinocytes.

Conclusions

Intercellular communication via the WNT5A and STAT pathways possibly underlies a partial mechanism of EMT-like phenomena in keloid pathogenesis. IL-6 secreted from WNT5A-activated fibroblasts or keloid fibroblasts activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in adjacent keratinocytes which in turn express EMT markers. A better understanding of keloid development and the role of WNT5A in EMT will promote the development of next-generation targeted treatments for keloid scars.
Commercial wound dressings for the treatment of exuding wounds: an in-depth physico-chemical comparative study
Authors: Minsart Manon , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Dubruel Peter , Mignon Arn
Published: April 2022

Background

Nowadays, a wide range of wound dressings is already commercially available. The selection of the dressing is of paramount importance as inappropriate wound management and dressing selection can delay the wound healing process. Not only can this be distressing for the patient, but it can also contribute to complications such as maceration and subsequent infection. Many researchers are targeting the design of dressings with superior properties over existing commercial dressings. However, reported results in the state-of-the-art are rarely benchmarked against commercial dressings. The aim of this study was to determine several characteristics of a large variety of the most frequently used commercial wound dressings, providing an overview for both practitioners and researchers.

Methods

For this comparative study, 11 frequently used commercial wound dressings were selected, representing the different types. The morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The dressings were characterized in terms of swelling capacity (water, phosphate buffered saline and simulated wound fluid), moisture vapour transmission rate (MVTR) and moisture uptake capacity (via dynamic vapour sorption) as well as mechanical properties using tensile testing and texturometry.

Results

The selected dressings showed distinctive morphological differences (fibrous, porous and/or gel) which was reflected in the different properties. Indeed, the swelling capacities ranged between 1.5 and 23.2 g/g (water), 2.1 and 17.6 g/g (phosphate buffered saline) or 2.9 and 20.8 g/g (simulated wound fluid). The swelling capacity of the dressings in water increased even further upon freeze-drying, due to the formation of pores. The MVTR values varied between 40 and 930 g/m2/24 h. The maximal moisture uptake capacity varied between 5.8% and 105.7% at 95% relative humidity. Some commercial dressings exhibited a superior mechanical strength, due to either being hydrophobic or multi-layered.

Conclusions

The present work not only offers insight into a valuable toolbox of suitable wound dressing characterization techniques, but also provides an extensive landscaping of commercial dressings along with their physico-chemical properties, obtained through reproducible experimental protocols. Furthermore, it ensures appropriate benchmark values for commercial dressings in all forthcoming studies and could aid researchers with the development of novel modern wound dressings. The tested dressings either exhibited a high strength or a high swelling capacity, suggesting that there is still a strong potential in the wound dressings market for dressings that possess both.
Advances in the pathogenesis and clinical application prospects of tumor biomolecules in keloid
Authors: Xia Yijun , Wang Youbin , Shan Mengjie , Hao Yan , Liu Hao , Chen Qiao , Liang Zhengyun
Published: April 2022

Keloid scarring is a kind of pathological healing manifestation after skin injury and possesses various tumor properties, such as the Warburg effect, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), expression imbalances of apoptosis-related genes and the presence of stem cells. Abnormal expression of tumor signatures is critical to the initiation and operation of these effects. Although previous experimental studies have recognized the potential value of a single or several tumor biomolecules in keloids, a comprehensive evaluation system for multiple tumor signatures in keloid scarring is still lacking. This paper aims to summarize tumor biomolecules in keloids from the perspectives of liquid biopsy, genetics, proteomics and epigenetics and to investigate their mechanisms of action and feasibility from bench to bedside. Liquid biopsy is suitable for the early screening of people with keloids due to its noninvasive and accurate performance. Epigenetic biomarkers do not require changes in the gene sequence and their reversibility and tissue specificity make them ideal therapeutic targets. Nonetheless, given the ethnic specificity and genetic predisposition of keloids, more large-sample multicenter studies are indispensable for determining the prevalence of these signatures and for establishing diagnostic criteria and therapeutic efficacy estimations based on these molecules.
Black women pundits and the possibilities of critical discord
Authors: Tounsel Timeka N
Published: April 2022

Cable news has been critiqued as a problematic force that stokes partisan divides and threatens the kind of informed, civil discourse fundamental to democracy. Nevertheless, I argue that this perceived culture of incivility, or departure from traditional telejournalism practices, is in fact what allows some marginalized speakers to appropriate cable news as a space for subversive discourse. Using a Black feminist communication framework, this article analyzes how two Black women pundits—Angela Rye and Joy Reid—enact critical discord in their televisual performances. Critical discord is a discursive maneuver rooted in Black consciousness whereby pundits embrace their racial identity as a political subjectivity through which they engage a folk hermeneutic that deviates from hegemonic news values. These commentators operate as disruptors who refashion the tools of their genre—debate and sensationalism—to challenge dominant viewpoints which privilege colorblind interpretations of the news.