bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preclinical Evaluation of hnRNPA2B1 Antibody in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells via PET Imaging
Authors: Bhise Abhinav , Park Hyun , Lee Woonghee , Sarkar Swarbhanu , Ha Yeong Su , Rajkumar Subramani , Nam Bora , Lim Jeong Eun , Huynh Phuong Tu , Lee Kiwoong , Son Ji-Yoon , Kim Jung Young , Lee Kyo Chul , Yoo Jeongsoo
Published: August 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Because TNBC lacks the expression of commonly targeted receptors, it is challenging to develop a new imaging agent for this cancer subtype. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are RNA–protein complexes that have been linked to tumor development and progression. Considering the high expression of hnRNPA2B1, an hnRNP subtype, in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells, this study aimed to develop a novel hnRNPA2B1 antibody-based nuclear imaging agent. The hnRNPA2B1-specific antibody was radiolabeled with 64Cu and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The trans-cyclooctene (TCO) was functionalized on the antibody to obtain hnRNP-PEG4-TCO and reactive tetrazine (Tz) on the ultrastable bifunctional chelator PCB-TE2A-alkyne to yield PCB-TE2A-Tz for the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction. The 64Cu-radiolabeled antibody was administered and imaged at 1–18 h time points for conventional imaging. Alternatively, the unlabeled antibody conjugate was administered, and 48 h later radiolabeled 64Cu-PCB-TE2A-Tz was administered to the same mice for the pretargeting strategy and imaged at the same time intervals for direct comparison. The tumor was successfully visualized in both strategies, and comparatively, pretargeting showed superior results. The 64Cu-PCB-TE2A-Tz was successfully clicked at the tumor site with hnRNP-PEG4-TCO and the non-clicked were concurrently eliminated. This led to increase the tumor uptake with extremely high tumor-to-background ratio manifested by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution studies.
Multifunctional Nanoparticles Based on Iron Oxide and Gold-198 Designed for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Radionuclide Therapy as a Potential Tool for Combined HER2-Positive Cancer Treatment
Authors: Żuk Michał , Podgórski Rafał , Ruszczyńska Anna , Ciach Tomasz , Majkowska-Pilip Agnieszka , Bilewicz Aleksander , Krysiński Paweł
Published: August 2022

Iron oxide nanoparticles are commonly used in many medical applications as they can be easily modified, have a high surface-to-volume ratio, and are biocompatible and biodegradable. This study was performed to synthesize nanoparticles designed for multimodal HER2-positive cancer treatment involving radionuclide therapy and magnetic hyperthermia. The magnetic core (Fe3O4) was coated with a gold-198 layer creating so-called core-shell nanoparticles. These were then further modified with a bifunctional PEG linker and monoclonal antibody to achieve the targeted therapy. Monoclonal antibody—trastuzumab was used to target specific breast and nipple HER2-positive cancer cells. The nanoparticles measured by transmission electron microscopy were as small as 9 nm. The bioconjugation of trastuzumab was confirmed by two separate methods: thermogravimetric analysis and iodine-131 labeling. Synthesized nanoparticles showed that they are good heat mediators in an alternating magnetic field and exhibit great specific binding and internalization capabilities towards the SKOV-3 (HER2 positive) cancer cell line. Radioactive nanoparticles also exhibit capabilities regarding spheroid degradation without and with the application of magnetic hyperthermia with a greater impact in the case of the latter. Designed radiobioconjugate shows great promise and has great potential for in vivo studies regarding magnetic hyperthermia and radionuclide combined therapy.
Evaluation of the Formulation Parameter-Dependent Redispersibility of API Nanoparticles from Fluid Bed Granules
Authors: Wewers Martin , Finke Jan Henrik , Czyz Stefan , Van Eerdenbrugh Bernard , John Edgar , Büch Guido , Juhnke Michael , Bunjes Heike , Kwade Arno
Published: August 2022

The production of nanosuspensions of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is a popular technique to counteract challenges regarding bioavailability of such active substances. A subsequent drying of the nanosuspensions is advantageous to improve the long-term stability and the further processing into solid oral dosage forms. However, associated drying operations are critical, especially with regard to nanoparticle growth, loss in redispersibility and associated compromised bioavailability. This work extends a previous study regarding the applicability of an API (itraconazole) nanosuspension as a granulation liquid in a fluidized bed process with focus on the influence of applied formulation parameters on the structure of obtained nanoparticle-loaded granules and their nanoparticle redispersibility. Generally, a higher dissolution rate of the carrier material (glass beads, lactose, mannitol or sucrose) and a higher content of a matrix former/hydrophilic polymer (PVP/VA or HPMC) in the granulation liquid resulted in the formation of coarser and more porous granules with improved nanoparticle redispersibility. HPMC was found to have advantages as a polymer compared with PVP/VA. In general, a better redispersibility of the nanoparticles from the granules could be associated with better dispersion of the API nanoparticles at the surface of the granules as deduced from the thickness of nanoparticle-loaded layers around the granules. The layer thickness on granules was assessed by means of confocal Raman microscopy. Finally, the dispersion of the nanoparticles in the granule layers was exemplarily described by calculation of theoretical mean nanoparticle distances in the granule layers and was correlated with data obtained from redispersibility studies.
Linoleic Acid-Based Transferosomes for Topical Ocular Delivery of Cyclosporine A
Authors: Uwaezuoke Onyinye , Du Toit Lisa C. , Kumar Pradeep , Ally Naseer , Choonara Yahya E.
Published: August 2022

Delivering high-molecular-weight hydrophobic peptides, such as cyclosporine A, across the corneal epithelium remains a challenge that is complicated by other physio-anatomical ocular structures that limit the ocular bioavailability of such peptides. Transferosomes have previously been used to improve transdermal permeability, and have the potential for improving the ocular corneal permeability of applicable drugs. In this study, transferosomes for the potential ocular delivery of cyclosporine A were investigated. Linoleic acid was evaluated for its effect on the stability of the transferosomes and was substituted for a portion of the cholesterol in the vesicles. Additionally, Span® 80 and Tween® 80 were evaluated for their effect on transferosome flexibility and toxicity to ocular cells as edge activators. Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATF-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of the blank and the cyclosporine A-loaded transferosomes. Cyclosporine A release and corneal permeability were studied in vitro and in a New Zealand albino rabbit corneal model, respectively. The linoleic acid contributed to improved stability and the nano-size of the transferosomes. The Tween®-based formulation was preferred on the basis of a more favorable toxicity profile, as the difference in their corneal permeability was not significant. There was an initial burst release of cyclosporine A in the first 24 h that plateaued over one week. The Tween®-based formulation had a flux of 0.78 µg/cm2/h. The prepared transferosomes demonstrated biocompatibility in the ocular cell line, adequately encapsulated cyclosporine A, ensured the corneal permeability of the enclosed drug, and were stable over the period of investigation of 4 months at −20 °C.
Antisymmetric Mode Cancellation for High-Q Cavities in a Double-Disk
Authors: Hong Seung Hyeon , Lee Young Jin , Hong Seokhyeon , Kim Youngsoo , Kwon Soon-Hong
Published: August 2022

High-quality factor dielectric microcavities like whispering-gallery-mode resonators can be widely applied in fields such as laser, optical sensor, switch, and filter. We propose the whispering-gallery-mode double-disk cavity comprising dielectric disks apart along the face of the disk. The electric field of each disk with opposite phases was excited; the emitted radiation field was annihilated by destructive interference. We numerically achieved a 5.67-fold enhancement in quality factor at the double-disk cavity with a radius, thickness, and gap distance of 850 nm, 220 nm, and 220 nm, respectively, compared to a single dielectric disk with the same structural conditions.
Effects of Kiwifruit Rootstocks with Opposite Tolerance on Physiological Responses of Grafting Combinations under Waterlogging Stress
Authors: Bai Danfeng , Li Zhi , Gu Shichao , Li Qiaohong , Sun Leiming , Qi Xiujuan , Fang Jinbao , Zhong Yunpeng , Hu Chungen
Published: August 2022

Kiwifruit is commonly sensitive to waterlogging stress, and grafting onto a waterlogging-tolerant rootstock is an efficient strategy for enhancing the waterlogging tolerance of kiwifruit plants. KR5 (Actinidia valvata) is more tolerant to waterlogging than ‘Hayward’ (A. deliciosa) and is a potential resistant rootstock for kiwifruit production. Here, we focused on evaluating the performance of the waterlogging-sensitive kiwifruit scion cultivar ‘Zhongmi 2′ when grafted onto KR5 (referred to as ZM2/KR5) and Hayward (referred to as ZM2/HWD) rootstocks, respectively, under waterlogging stress. The results showed ‘Zhongmi 2′ performed much better when grafted onto KR5 than when grafted onto ‘Hayward’, exhibiting higher photosynthetic efficiency and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. Furthermore, the roots of ZM2/KR5 plants showed greater root activity and energy supply, lower ROS damage, and more stable osmotic adjustment ability than the roots of ZM2/HWD plants under waterlogging stress. In addition, we detected the expression of six key genes involved in the kiwifruit waterlogging response mechanism, and these genes were remarkably induced in the ZM2/KR5 roots but not in the ZM2/HWD roots under waterlogging stress. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) further demonstrated the differences in the physiological responses of the ZM2/KR5 and ZM2/HWD plants under waterlogging stress. These results demonstrated that the KR5 rootstock can improve the waterlogging tolerance of grafted kiwi plants by regulating physiological and biochemical metabolism and molecular responses.
Chemical Composition of Various Nepeta cataria Plant Organs’ Methanol Extracts Associated with In Vivo Hepatoprotective and Antigenotoxic Features as well as Molecular Modeling Investigations
Authors: Vukić Milena D. , Vuković Nenad L. , Mladenović Milan , Tomašević Nevena , Matić Sanja , Stanić Snežana , Sapienza Filippo , Ragno Rino , Božović Mijat , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: August 2022

This report summarizes the chemical composition analysis of Nepeta cataria L. flower, leaf, and stem methanol extracts (FME, LME, SME, respectively) as well as their hepatoprotective and antigenotoxic features in vivo and in silico. Herein, Wistar rat liver intoxication with CCl4 resulted in the generation of trichloromethyl and trichloromethylperoxy radicals, causing lipid peroxidation within the hepatocyte membranes (viz. hepatotoxicity), as well as the subsequent formation of aberrant rDNA adducts and consequent double-strand break (namely genotoxicity). Examined FME, LME, and SME administered orally to Wistar rats before the injection of CCl4 exerted the most notable pharmacological properties in the concentrations of 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Thus, the extracts’ hepatoprotective features were determined by monitoring the catalytic activities of enzymes and the concentrations of reactive oxidative species, modulating the liver redox status. Furthermore, the necrosis of hepatocytes was assessed by means of catalytic activities of liver toxicity markers. The extracts’ antigenotoxic features were quantified using the comet assay. Distinct pharmacological property features may be attributed to quercitrin (8406.31 μg/g), chlorogenic acid (1647.32 μg/g), and quinic acid (536.11 μg/g), found within the FME, rosmarinic acid (1056.14 μg/g), and chlorogenic acid (648.52 μg/g), occurring within the LME, and chlorogenic acid (1408.43 μg/g), the most abundant in SME. Hence, the plant’s secondary metabolites were individually administered similar to extracts, upon which their pharmacology in vivo was elucidated in silico by means of the structure-based studies within rat catalase, as a redox marker, and rat topoisomerase IIα, an enzyme catalyzing the rat DNA double-strand break. Conclusively, the examined N. cataria extracts in specified concentrations could be used in clinical therapy for the prevention of toxin-induced liver diseases.
Rheological, Aging, and Microstructural Properties of Polycarbonate and Polytetrafluoroethylene Modified Bitumen
Authors: Ansar Muhammad , Sikandar Muhammad Ali , Althoey Fadi , Tariq Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman , Alyami Saleh H. , Elsayed Elkhatib Samah
Published: August 2022

Deterioration of asphalt pavements due to massive load of vehicles and climatic variation has demanded the use of pavements construction material with an excellent resilience characteristic, resistance to permanent deformation, and most importantly, a much longer service lifespan. The main structural distresses in pavement construction are permanent deformation at high temperatures and fatigue cracking under repetitive traffic loadings. To comprehensively investigate the performance of bitumen penetration grade (PG) 70 against rutting, fatigue, and high temperature cracking in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements, polycarbonate (PC) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were used. The investigation of the internal structure, rheological, and physical properties of base and modified bitumen (MB) mixes with different percentages of modifiers (0%, 2.5%, and 5%) by weight were performed via scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis, rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT), pressurized aging vessel (PAV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), rotational viscosity (RV), and bending beam rheometer (BBR). The results of the RV test indicate that modification of neat bitumen with polycarbonate and polytetrafluoroethylene increased the viscosity for polycarbonate-modified bitumen (PCMB), polytetrafluoroethylene-modified bitumen (PTFEMB), and for a blend of PCMB-PTFEMB by 44%, 50%, and 55.75% at 135 °C and 111.10%, 127.80%, and 138.88% at 165 °C, accordingly. BBR test results revealed that modifiers increased the rigidity of neat bitumen by 74.8%, 75.8%, and 74.5% at −16 °C, −22 °C, and −28 °C, respectively.
Polymer Composite-Based Materials with Photocatalytic Applications in Wastewater Organic Pollutant Removal: A Mini Review
Authors: Enesca Alexandru , Cazan Cristina
Published: August 2022

The development of new technologies using nanomaterials has allowed scientists to design advanced processes with many applications in environmental protection, energy production and storage, and medicinal bio-mediated processes. Due to their significant potential applications in different branches of science, the development of new polymer composites represents a priority, especially for nano-technological processes. Interest in polymeric composites was outlined by the synthesis of a large number of nano- or mezzo-scale materials with targeted functional properties for polymer matrix hybridization. The present mini review explores some of the most representative and recent papers reporting the photocatalytic activity of polymer composites toward different organic compounds (dyes, pharmaceutically active molecules, phenol, etc.). The polymer composites were divided based on their composition and photocatalytic activity. TiO2- and ZnO-based polymeric composites have been described here in light of their photocatalytic activity toward different pollutants, such as rhodamine B, phenol, or methyl orange. Polymeric composites based on WO3, Fe2O3, or Bi2MoO6 were also described. The influence of different polymeric composites and photocatalytic parameters (light spectra and intensity, pollutant molecule and concentration, irradiation time, and photocatalyst dosage) on the overall photocatalytic efficiency indicates that semiconductor (TiO2, ZnO, etc.) insertion in the polymeric matrix can tune the photocatalytic activity without compromising the structural integrity. Future perspectives and limitations are outlined considering the systematic and targeted description of the reported results. Adopting green route synthesis and application can add economic and scientific value to the knowledgebase by promoting technological development based on photocatalytic designs.
Trend of Polymer Research Related to COVID-19 Pandemic: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Chiari Williams , Damayanti Rizki , Harapan Harapan , Puspita Kana , Saiful Saiful , Rahmi Rahmi , Rizki Diva Rayyan , Iqhrammullah Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Polymeric materials are used for personal protective equipment (PPE), which is mandatory for clinicians to use when handling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The development of diagnostic tools and vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is also dependent on polymer technology. This current report aims to provide readers with the trend of polymer research regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, by employing bibliometric analysis. A literature search on the Scopus database (31 January 2022) was carried out using predetermined terms. Using Scopus database features, the publications were filtered based on the year of publication (2020–2022), types of articles (original research and review), and language (English). The metadata were extracted in a CSV (.csv) file, to be later used in VOSviewer software. The data were presented in a table, graph, and network visualization. As many as 512 publications were included, consisting of 66.4% original research articles and 33.6% review articles. Most of the publications were written by authors whose affiliation was in the United States (n = 118, 23%) and covering the Materials Science subject area (n = 142, 27.7%). The Ministry of Education of China was the most productive organization, publishing 11 articles. The National Science Foundation of China was the top funding source, supporting 45 publications. Heinz C. Schröder was the most prolific author, publishing nine articles. Science of the Total Environment was the leading journal publishing the included studies. The trend of polymer technology related to COVID-19 mostly covers PPE and waste-management themes. The use of polymer technology as a delivery system for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccine is also among the frequently researched areas. We encourage more research in the field of polymer technology be carried out, to overcome the global pandemic.
Investigation on the Potential Use of Polypropylene Mesh for the Reinforcement of Heat-Polymerized PMMA Denture Base Resin
Authors: Yerliyurt Kaan , Eğri Sinan
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of polypropylene (PP) hernia mesh as a reinforcement of PMMA denture base resin in comparison with metal and glass fiber meshes, with the expectation of enhancing the mechanical stability of the PMMA dentures in oral conditions. The control group with no mesh, the aluminum metal mesh (Al) group, the PP1 (PP mesh used on top) group, the PP2 (PP mesh used on both the top and bottom) group, the orthopedic casting tape with self-curing resin (DP0) group, and the flushed form (DPA) group were fabricated in a chromium mold. A total of 144 specimens were divided into three equal portions and subjected to: first, no treatment; second, thermal cycling only; and third, thermal cycling and chewing simulation. The flexural strength, maximum deformation, and flexural modulus were determined by a three-point bending test to compare mechanical properties. Fracture surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by a two-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni corrections. The non-treated Al mesh reinforcement group exhibited the highest (82.66 ± 6.65 MPa) flexural strength, and the PP2 group treated with chewing simulation displayed the lowest (56.64 ± 4.59 MPa) flexural strength. The Al group showed the highest (7.25 ± 1.05 mm) maximum deformation and the PP2 group showed lowest (3.64 ± 0.28 mm) maximum deformation when both groups were not subjected to any treatment. The control group with no treatment exhibited the lowest (1556.98 ± 270.62 MPa) flexural modulus values, and the Al group with no treatment exhibited the highest (3106.07 ± 588.68 MPa) flexural modulus values. All the mesh groups displayed intact fractures. Any type of mesh used for reinforcement exhibited a significant change in all flexural properties (p < 0.001). The PP1 reinforcement group did not exhibit a significant change in mechanical properties when the effect of treatment was compared. Using PP hernia mesh on top enhanced the mechanical properties despite the weakening when it was used on both the top and bottom. The mechanical stability provided by the PP hernia mesh indicated it to be a promising candidate to be used for reinforcement.
The Effect of PCL Addition on 3D-Printable PLA/HA Composite Filaments for the Treatment of Bone Defects
Authors: Åkerlund Elin , Diez-Escudero Anna , Grzeszczak Ana , Persson Cecilia
Published: August 2022

The still-growing field of additive manufacturing (AM), which includes 3D printing, has enabled manufacturing of patient-specific medical devices with high geometrical accuracy in a relatively quick manner. However, the development of materials with specific properties is still ongoing, including those for enhanced bone-repair applications. Such applications seek materials with tailored mechanical properties close to bone tissue and, importantly, that can serve as temporary supports, allowing for new bone ingrowth while the material is resorbed. Thus, controlling the resorption rate of materials for bone applications can support bone healing by balancing new tissue formation and implant resorption. In this regard, this work aimed to study the combination of polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) to develop customized biocompatible and bioresorbable polymer-based composite filaments, through extrusion, for fused filament fabrication (FFF) printing. PLA and PCL were used as supporting polymer matrices while HA was added to enhance the biological activity. The materials were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, thermal stability, chemical composition and morphology. An accelerated degradation study was executed to investigate the impact of degradation on the above-mentioned properties. The results showed that the materials’ chemical compositions were not affected by the extrusion nor the printing process. All materials exhibited higher mechanical properties than human trabecular bone, even after degradation with a mass loss of around 30% for the polymer blends and 60% for the composites. It was also apparent that the mineral accelerated the polymer degradation significantly, which can be advantageous for a faster healing time, where support is required only for a shorter time period.
Analytical Solutions for Simple Turbulent Shear Flows on a Basis of a Generalized Newton’s Law
Authors: Nikushchenko Dmitry , Pavlovsky Valery , Nikushchenko Elena
Published: August 2022

In the presented article a generalization of Newton’s formula for the shear stress in a fluid is carried out by giving it a power-law form. After the introduction of the corresponding strain rate tensor, a generalization is made to the spatial case of flow and the rheological relation is presented in tensor form. Depending on the power value in this rheological ratio, one can come either to a description of a laminar flow regime (in the form of Navier–Stokes equations), or to a description of the flow in turbulent regime. In the latter case, a set of differential equations with the no-slip boundary condition is specified, which is significantly different from that for the laminar flow regime, but which also allows one to obtain analytical solutions for simple shear flows and obtain the Blasius resistance law for the flow in a pipe. Therefore, the considered approach to solving problems of turbulent flows compares favorably with modern differential turbulence models. Solutions are given for simple shear flows of a fluid, when there is only one longitudinal component of the velocity, which depends on the transversal coordinate only. These solutions in terms of velocity profiles and resistance coefficients are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.
Utilisation of Pectins Extracted from Orange Peels by Non Conventional Methods in the Formation of Edible Films in the Presence of Herbal Infusions
Authors: Zioga Marianthi , Chroni Angeliki , Evageliou Vasiliki
Published: August 2022

Edible films of three high methoxy pectins (DE: 70–75%) in the presence of dittany and anise infusions were studied. Apart from a commercial one, two more pectins, selected by their yield and DE from preliminary experiments on pectin extraction from orange peels using ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction or a combination of both, were used. Extracted pectins were darker, less surface active and had lower [η] and absolute zeta values. All three pectin solutions were Newtonian. Furthermore, all films had statistically the same thickness (~40 μm) and moisture content (~25.2%). For the same herbal infusion, all pectins resulted in films with the same density (~1.01 and ~1.19 g/cm3 for dittany and anise films, respectively). Values of 2–4.65 N and 76.62–191.80 kPa, for maximum force and modulus, respectively, were reported. The commercial pectin film with anise was the stronger, whereas that with dittany, the stiffer. Total phenolics content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (SA) were also measured for films and film-forming solutions (FFS). TPC values ranged from 0.035 to 0.157 mg GAE/0.5 mL and SA from ~62 to 91%. Films had greater TPC but lower SA than their FFS. The presence of both pectin and herbal infusions were significant for our observations.
Impact of Various Visible Spectra on Attached Microalgal Growth on Palm Decanter Cake in Triggering Protein, Carbohydrate, and Lipid to Biodiesel Production
Authors: Tiong Zhi Wei , Rawindran Hemamalini , Leong Wai Hong , Liew Chin Seng , Wong Yi Ying , Kiatkittipong Worapon , Abdelfattah Eman Alaaeldin , Show Pau Loke , Rahmah Anisa Ur , Tong Woei Yenn , Lim Jun Wei
Published: August 2022

Attached microalgal growth of Chlorella vulgaris on palm decanter cake (PDC) under irradiation with various visible monochromatic and polychromatic spectra to produce biodiesel was studied in this work. The results demonstrated that the white spectrum cultivation exhibited the highest microalgal density of 1.13 g/g along with 1.213 g/L day of microalgal productivity. Correspondingly, the biodiesel obtained was comprised mainly of C16 and C18 fatty acids, possessing a high cetane number and oxidation stability from the high saturated fatty acid content (70.38%), which was appealing in terms of most biodiesel production requirements. Nevertheless, the highest lipid content (14.341%) and lipid productivity (93.428 mg/L per day) were discovered with green spectrum cultivation. Blue and white spectra led to similar protein contents (34%) as well as carbohydrate contents (61%), corroborating PDC as a feasible carbon and nutrient source for growing microalgae. Lastly, the energy feasibilities of growing the attached microalgae under visible spectra were investigated, with the highest net energy ratio (NER) of 0.302 found for the yellow spectrum. This value outweighed that in many other works which have used suspended growth systems to produce microalgal fuel feedstock. The microalgal growth attached to PDC is deemed to be a suitable alternative cultivation mode for producing sustainable microalgal feedstock for the biofuel industry.
High-Efficiency Desulfurization of High-Sulfur Bauxite Calcined in a Conveyor Bed: Kinetics, Process, and Application
Authors: Jiu Shaowu , Zhao Bo , Chen Yanxin
Published: August 2022

The reaction process, mechanism, and kinetics of the desulfurization of high-sulfur bauxite during calcination were investigated using thermal analysis–infrared analysis. A conveyor-bed calcination system was used to study the variations in the physical phase, desulfurization rate, and alumina dissipation rate of high-sulfur bauxite in the range of 500 °C–650 °C. The results show that sclerite monohydrate, kaolinite, rhodochrosite, pyrite, and dolomite mainly decompose during the calcination of high-sulfur bauxite, generating H2O(g), CO2, and SO2 as gaseous products. The decomposition of sclerite monohydrate and kaolinite and the dehydroxylation reactions of rhodochrosite and pyrite occur at <650 °C, with inseparable temperature overlap. High-sulfur bauxite desulfurization follows a three-dimensional spherical diffusion mechanism, with an activation energy of 181.16 kJ/mol, controlled by the diffusion rate of O2 or SO2 through the solid product layer. High-sulfur bauxite was calcined at 600 °C–650 °C for around 3.5 s in a conveyor bed, resulting in a negative divalent sulfur content of <0.03 wt.%, desulfurization rate of >0.98, and relative dissolution rate of alumina of >99%, satisfying the requirements of aluminum extraction via the Bayer method. The desulfurization rate predictions of the kinetic model were consistent with the experimental data.
An Automated Tool for Upgrading Fortran Codes
Authors: Mak Lesley , Taheri Pooya
Published: August 2022

With archaic coding techniques, there will be a time when it will be necessary to modernize vulnerable software. However, redeveloping out-of-date code can be a time-consuming task when dealing with a multitude of files. To reduce the amount of reassembly for Fortran-based projects, in this paper, we develop a prototype for automating the manual labor of refactoring individual files. ForDADT (Fortran Dynamic Autonomous Diagnostic Tool) project is a Python program designed to reduce the amount of refactoring necessary when compiling Fortran files. In this paper, we demonstrate how ForDADT is used to automate the process of upgrading Fortran codes, process the files, and automate the cleaning of compilation errors. The developed tool automatically updates thousands of files and builds the software to find and fix the errors using pattern matching and data masking algorithms. These modifications address the concerns of code readability, type safety, portability, and adherence to modern programming practices.
Separable High Capacity Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm for Encrypted Images
Authors: Jafar Iyad , Darabkh Khalid , Jubair Fahed
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a separable Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm for Encrypted Images (RDHEI) that consists of three phases. The encryption phase in the algorithm circularly shifts the columns in the image by a random amount, blocks the image into equal and regular blocks and maps them to irregular blocks generated based on Hilbert filling curve, and finally complements a random subset of the blocks. The embedding phase is essentially an adapted version of the modification of the prediction errors algorithm that is applied to each block in the encrypted image independently. In the decryption phase, and since the algorithm is separable, the user can extract the data only, decrypt the image only, or can perform both actions depending on the type of keys he has. When compared to a very similar and recent algorithm, performance evaluation proved the ability of the proposed algorithm in increasing the embedding capacity with reasonable quality of the directly decrypted image. In terms of the security, the analytical and quantitative assessment showed the superiority of the proposed algorithm in protecting the encrypted image.
The degree to which Arabic language teachers in government schools in Al Balqa governorate having the skills of an interactive whiteboard from their point of view in light of some variables
Authors: Olaimat Abeer , Al-Saud Adab , Al-Hussien Eman
Published: August 2022

This study aims to find out the degree to which Arabic language teachers in public schools in Balqa Governorate possessed the skills of using the interactive whiteboard from their point of view in light of some variables, the study sample consisted of (90) teachers who were chosen randomly.to achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was used, Where a questionnaire was prepared consisting of (34) items, distributed into three domains of interactive whiteboard skills, whose validity and reliability were confirmed.The results of the study showed that the degree to which Arabic teachers possessed interactive whiteboard skills was moderate, and the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the degree to which Arabic language teachers possessed interactive whiteboard skills attributed to gender, directorate or experience, and the results showed statistically significant differences in the degree of teacher possession is attributable to the educational qualification variable.
The degree to which students with visual impairments in Jordanian public schools use their assistive technology to study subjects in inclusive schools from their point of view
Authors: Ali Alhabahbe Fadia , Subhi Alhadidi Muna
Published: August 2022

The current study aims to identify the degree to which students with visual disabilities in Jordanian public schools use their own educational technologies to study subjects in inclusive schools from their point of view in light of some variables represented by gender, degree of disability, and school stage. The sample consisted of (349) male and female students with visual impairment who were selected by a stratified random method. To achieve the objectives of the study, a scale of the degree of use of educational technologies was built, divided into three dimensions: electronic Braille display screens, electronic reading aids, and a magnifying screen. The psychometric properties of the scale were verified. The results showed that the degree of using educational technologies among students with visual disabilities in inclusive Jordanian public schools was low, with an arithmetic mean of the total score (1.80). They also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) in the level of students' use of educational technologies according to grade and degree of disability. The results also revealed a statistically significant difference according to the gender variable in favor of males
The Role of Community Colleges in Developing Creativity and Innovation Skills of Vocational Students ( The University College of Applied Science as a Case Study)
Authors: Abusamra Asmaa
Published: August 2022

This study aims to identify the role of community colleges in developing innovation and creativity skills among the students who are enrolled in its vocational programs from their point of view according to the study variables of gender, age and province in the second semester of the academic year 2018/2019. Furthermore, it sheds lights upon the efforts paid by community colleges in order to develop the skills of innovation and creativity in their various vocational programs.  In order to achieve the study purposes, the quantitative method is used and a questionnaire as a study tool has been developed, distributed among the study sample and analysed by (SPSS). The results indicate that the arithmetic average of all the questionnaire’s items reaches (3.98) and thus the relative weight is (79.65). This means that there is a great deal of agreement on the questionnaire in general. The study also showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the averages of the study sample responses in all areas of the questionnaire for the role of the University College of Applied Sciences in developing innovation and creativity skills for vocational students according to their views, which are attributed to the variables of the study with the exception of age and province .The study recommends the need to provide a range of physical and moral facilities in the vocational institution’s environment, which support the enhancement of the creativity and innovation growth of technical and academic staff, vocational curriculum and the management practices and policies
La influencia del cambio cultural en las habilidades comunicativas en niños de educación básica
Authors: Malagón Adriana
Published: August 2022

This proposal arises from the need to respond to the educational needs of the migrant population, due to the fact that currently the number of Venezuelan students has increased in all educational institutions in the department of Arauca because they are in the border area, for what, the communication between the students has changed the dialect, since words from another culture are used, such as, coleto that means ragpicker, brush that is broom, pen is water hose, joke to name anything, naguara to admire something among other words that have another meaning about understanding reality and that presents a latent difficulty that is there, but that has not been paid attention to, such as the teaching of the curriculum as it was created years ago and that It should not be so due to the growing cultural change of the territory that influences in a certain way the interaction of individuals within the classroom to the community. take place orally and in writing. For its part, in the reading-writing process, one of the most important in the development of communicative skills, continues to teach letters with colloquial vocabulary, ignoring the new dialect introduced by the Venezuelan community to the Llanera region and that on many occasions puts them at a disadvantage. by not knowing the terms used by the llaneros making it difficult to understand the contents, therefore, it is of great importance to know how cultural change intervenes in the development of communication skills.
Layanan Home Care sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Derajat Kesehatan
Authors: Nur Syamsi Norma Lalla
Published: August 2022

Pendahuluan: Home care merupakan salah satu pelayanan kesehatan yang dilakukan ditempat tinggal keluarga untuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kesehatan keluarga.
Tujuan: Pengabdian ini mengetahui pelayanan home care sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan. Metode; Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan melalui metode observasi langsung kepada pasien dirumahnya dengan tahapan; survey awal dan identifikasi kondisi lokasi dan perencanaan tempat pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian.
Hasil: Menunjukkan hasil dari pengabdian memberikan dampak positif dan memberikan kontribusi bagi peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat.
Kesimpulan: Bahwa pelaksanaan homecare berdampak positif bagi peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat, meningkatkan kesadaran, kemauan, dan kemampuan hidup sehat bagi setiap orang agar terwujud derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang optimal.
Professional social rating as an innovative tool for reducing losses in the water transport economy
Authors: Neustupova A. S. , Koniagina M. N.
Published: August 2022

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the statistics of water transport accidents to identify the most common cause of such accidents and to propose an innovative solution to this problem.   Tasks. The authors investigate the frequency of water transport accidents in 2017–2021; systematize their causes and identify the most common ones; examine the statutory regulation and supervision of water transport; identify its drawbacks and propose an unconventional solution to the problem of regulation and supervision of water transport, which can be considered as innovative.   Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, generalization, visualization, and forecasting to analyze data on water transport accidents in 2017–2021, establish cause-and-effect relationships of accidents, and predict the dynamics of individual indicators.   Results. Data on water transport accidents are grouped, the causes of accidents on river and sea vessels are ranked, and the vector of changes in the accident rate is predicted (adjusted for the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic). The authors propose the idea of combating the main cause of most water accidents – the human factor.   Conclusions. The human factor causes 74% of water transport accidents, and existing methods of supervision and control are not effective enough. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a professional social rating for workers and employees in water transport and its infrastructure. This will make it easier for shipowners to hire personnel, improve control and supervisory procedures and investigation of incidents, and increase the motivation of personnel to perform their duties diligently, while also positively affecting the level of safety and economic efficiency of water transport enterprises and their infrastructure. This proposal seems appropriate in the context of the national project “Digital Economy”.
Transformation of the national medical services market: A review of the works of modern Russian authors
Authors: Elokhina L. N.
Published: August 2022

Aim. The presented study aims to assess the current state and possible vectors of changes in the Russian medical services market by analyzing the results of secondary data of Russian researchers.

   Tasks. The authors analyze existing scientific and theoretical approaches to the problem under consideration; identify patterns in the development of the medical services market in Russia; determine regulatory mechanisms for the medical market.   Methods. This study is based on multidisciplinarity, methods of related scientific disciplines, quantitative and qualitative tools. The diversity of research tools is due to the specifics of a particular subject area and its social necessity.   Results. The structure of the medical services market, which includes related sectors associated with the development of pharmaceutics, medical equipment, and specialized software, poses a wide range of challenges for researchers. There is an ongoing discussion in the Russian scientific community about the mechanisms for the incentivization of such a market. The number of publications by Russian authors on this problem is growing.   Conclusions. Competition in the medical services market is caused by the existence of public and private medicine (some researchers also distinguish the informal shadow sector). The emergence of competition has a positive effect on the quality of medical care and medical services, making it possible to enhance the prestige of the medical profession and the income of medical workers. However, there are also specific regional problems related to pricing in private medicine and compliance with quality standards. Other significant issues include overcoming the existing state paternalism and forming a new perception of medical services in general, which most consumers in Russia find difficult to accept.
ОГЛЯД ТА РЕВЕРС-ІНЖЕНІРІНГ РОУТЕРУ STARLINK II ПОКОЛІННЯ
Authors: Стельник Антон , Лісовський Костянтин , Сайченко Іван , Камаралі Роман
Published: August 2022

В даній статті буде представлено огляд роутеру другого покоління компанії Starlink від SpaceX. Зважаючи на стрімкий розвиток технологій, розглядається саме цей тип, оскільки друге покоління термінального обладнання починає своє поширення у світі.
Civilização e barbárie, segundo Júlio Dinis e Fialho de Almeida
Authors: Martini Elisabeth
Published: August 2022

Diante da verdadeira revolução que os avanços da tecnologia ocasiona­ram em todos os campos de conhecimento, notadamente a partir da se­gunda metade do século XIX, a literatura canalizou as esperanças e as angústias que palpitavam na sociedade lusa, em virtude do transborda­mento do pensamento científico, oferecendo vislumbres de modernidade que ecoam até os nossos dias. Médicos de formação, Joaquim Guilherme Gomes Coelho (1839-1871) – eternizado pelo pseudônimo Júlio Dinis – e José Valentim Fialho de Almeida (1857-1911) investiram no jornalismo e no fazer literário, oferecendo contrapontos entre civilização e barbárie em sua prosa ficcional, que proponho desvelar.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS' MOTIVATION AND STUDENT'S LEARNING INTEREST TOWARDS READING ACTIVITIES OF THE QURAN(SMP IT Robbani Sintang Kalimantan Barat)
Authors: Yogi Supyana  , Arnadi  , Jaelani
Published: August 2022

This research includes correlational research. This research was carried out at the IT Robbani Sintang Middle School, West Kalimantan in 2021. This study contained three variables, namely two independent variables and one dependent variable. Data collection techniques used in this study were questionnaires and documentation. Based on the results of research on the relationship between parents' motivation and students' interest in learning to read Al-Quran at SMP IT Robbani Sintang, West Kalimantan, it can be concluded as follows: (1) There is a significant relationship between parents' motivation (X1) on reading Al-Quran activities. Qur'an (Y) students of Class VIII SMP IT Robbani Sintang West Kalimantan where the contribution is 39.9%. (2) There is a significant relationship between interest in learning (X2) on the activity of reading the Koran (Y) students of Class VIII SMP IT Robbani Sintang West Kalimantan where the contribution is 46.3% (3) There is a significant relationship between parents' motivation (X1) and interest in learning (X2) together, with the activity of reading the Koran (Y) of Class VIII students of SMP IT Robbani Sintang, West Kalimantan, where the contribution is 30.8%
Mapping Cretaceous faults using a convolutional neural network – A field example from the Danish North Sea
Authors:   Department of Geophysics and Sedimentary Basins, GEUS, Denmark., Lorentzen Mads C. , Bredesen Kenneth ,   Department of Geophysics and Sedimentary Basins, GEUS, Denmark., Smit Florian, W., H. ,   Department of Geophysics and Sedimentary Basins, GEUS, Copenhagen, Denmark., Hansen Torsten H. ,   Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Denmark, Nielsen Lars ,   Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Mosegaard Klaus ,   Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Published: August 2022

The mapping of faults provides essential information on many aspects of seismic exploration, characterisation of reservoirs for compartmentalisation and cap-rock integrity. However, manual interpretation of faults from seismic data is time-consuming and challenging due to limited resolution and seismic noise. In this study, we apply a convolutional neural network trained on synthetic seismic data with planar fault shapes to improve fault mapping in the Lower and Upper Cretaceous sections of the Valdemar Field in the Danish North Sea. Our objective is to evaluate the performance of the neural network model on post-stack seismic data from the Valdemar Field. Comparison with variance and ant-tracking attributes and a manual fault interpretation shows that the neural network predicts faults with more details that may improve the overall geological and tectonic understanding of the study area and add information on potential compartmentalisation that was previously overlooked. However, the neural network is sensitive to seismic noise, which can distort the fault predictions. Therefore, the proposed model should be treated as an additional fault interpretation tool. Nonetheless, the method represents a state-of-the-art fault mapping tool that can be useful for hydrocarbon exploration and CO2 storage site evaluations.