bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kariera akademicka w Europie: niestabilność w warunkach systemowej konkurencji
Authors: Kwiek Marek
Published: April 2017

Awans naukowy w Europie musi być realizowany systematycznie i umieszczony w jasno zdefiniowanych ramach czasowych; kariery akademickie są podzielone na porównywalne etapy, a każdy z nich musi być realizowany w określonym czasie. Najważniejsze kamienie milowe kariery akademickiej pozostają niezmienne. Podziały istniejące w Polsce nie są radykalnie silniejsze niż w innych częściach Europy. Wszędzie kariera naukowa jest długa, a dochodzenie do naukowej dojrzałości (i instytucjonalnej samodzielności) rozłożone w czasie. Wszędzie młodzi w nauce są wiekowo młodsi i w żadnym nie istnieją „szybkie ścieżki” w nauce. Tradycyjnym kamieniom milowym coraz częściej towarzyszą stałe, małe kroki, niemal nieustannie oceniane przez ciała złożone z przedstawicieli wspólnoty akademickiej i przez uczelnianą administrację. Z jednej strony kariera akademicka jest dziś znacznie mniej stabilna; nie sposób brać dziś w Europie za pewnik długoterminowego zatrudnienia akademickiego, szczególnie w przypadku nowo przyjętych w szeregi kadry akademickiej. Z drugiej jednak strony, kariera akademicka staje się bardziej przewidywalna dzięki silniejszym i bardziej sformalizowanym procesom oceny, którym są poddawane policzalne, porównywalne (zarówno w ramach dyscyplin naukowych w kraju, jak i między krajowymi systemami szkolnictwa wyższego) i międzynarodowo widzialne osiągnięcia badawcze. Tradycyjny kontrakt społeczny państwa z akademią oznaczał spory zakres wolności akademickiej, dużą wolność dysponowania własnym czasem, dużą stabilność zawodową i materialny status klasy średniej. Nowy kontrakt oznacza wycofywanie się państwa ze wszystkich gwarantowanych dotąd wymiarów pracy akademickiej: malejącą wolność akademicką (w sensie rosnącego nacisku na stosowalny, a nie podstawowy charakter badań), mniejszą stabilność zawodową, malejącą władzę dysponowania własnym czasem i spadający status materialny. Tradycyjne motywy prowadzenia badań - triada: curiosity, ribbon i gold - odgrywają taką samą rolę jak w poprzednich dekadach, ale pierwszy i trzeci podlegają systematycznym ograniczeniom.
The dimensions of mediatized policy-making in Australian Indigenous affairs
Authors: McCallum Kerry , Waller Lisa
Published: April 2017

This article analyzes media-related policy-making practices in the bureaucratic realm of Indigenous affairs in Australia. It considers the implications of an increasingly media-oriented bureaucracy for particular social policies in the light of recent mediatization theory. A qualitative study explored how bureaucrats working in Indigenous affairs articulated their understanding of the news media’s role in policy development. The article identifies and describes five dimensions of mediatized bureaucratic practice – expertise, monitoring, anticipating, reacting and strategizing – and concludes that mediatized practices have permeated the very fabric of the policy-making process. It finds evidence of an increasingly intimate relationship between the logics and agendas of mainstream news media and bureaucrats working on complex and politically controversial policies. In Australia, mediatized policy-making practices contributed to both the intractability of Indigenous affairs policy and the introduction of radical policy solutions to address apparent policy failure. These findings add to the body of empirical research exploring the mediatization of policy-making and its implications for politically sensitive fields.
Radiocarbon and lead-210 age-depth model and trace elements concentration in the Wolbrom fen (S Poland)
Authors: Pawełczyk Fatima , Chróst Leszek , Magiera Tadeusz , Michczyński Adam , Sikorski Jarosław , Tudyka Konrad , Zając Ewelina
Published: April 2017

A one-meter long peat core was taken from the peatland in Wolbrom (Silesian-Cracovian Upland, southern Poland). The analysis of the botanical composition showed that Wolbrom is a fen. Vegetation species such as Carex rostrata and Phragmites australis have been found. An age-depth model was constructed using 12 conventional radiocarbon dates and 13 lead-210 dates from the upper part of the deposit. In this work, the results of radiocarbon dating are presented. According to the model, we can estimate the age of the fen. The oldest part comes from a depth of 1.05 meter and its conventional age is 5940 ± 95 BP (modelled date 5000–4790 BC, 68.2% probability interval). The accumulation rate varies between approximately 0.53 mm·yr-1 and 6.48 mm·yr− 1.

The core has been also tested for the presence of trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) using ICP-OES. There are considerable variations in the concentrations of the tested metals – in many cases the concentration starts to rise at about 40 cm and may be connected with the human activity. This depth corresponds to the modelled age intervals 355–300 BC (17.4%) and 205–45 BC (50.7%).
The Role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in Developing Norms and Standards on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights
Authors: Durojaye Ebenezer
Published: April 2017

This article examines the role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (African Commission) in establishing norms and standards on HIV and human rights that will assist African governments in addressing human rights abuses in the context of HIV as well as in combating the spread of the epidemic. The article argues that through the promotional and protective mandate of the Commission, opportunity exists for the establishment of important norms and standards to guide African states in addressing human rights challenges raised by HIV/AIDS. It concludes by arguing that the African Commission needs to forge more collaboration with states and civil society groups to ensure proper implementation of its norms and standards at the national level
Methane Dry Reforming over Ni-Co/Al2O3: Kinetic Modelling in a Catalytic Fixed-bed Reactor
Authors: Benguerba Yacine , Virginie Mirella , Dumas Christine , Ernst Barbara
Published: April 2017

The dry reforming of CH4 was investigated in a catalytic fixed-bed reactor to produce hydrogen at different temperatures over supported bimetallic Ni-Co catalyst. The reactor model for the dry reforming of methane used a set of kinetic models: The Zhang et al model for the dry reforming of methane (DRM); the Richardson-Paripatyadar model for the reverse water gas shift (RWGS); and the Snoeck et al kinetics for the coke-deposition and gasification reactions. The effect of temperatures on the performance of the reactor was studied. The amount of each species consumed or/and produced were calculated and compared with the experimental determined ones. It was showed that the set of kinetic model used in this work gave a good fit and accurately predict the experimental observed profiles from the fixed bed reactor. It was found that reaction-4 and reaction-5 could be neglected which could explain the fact that this catalyst coked rapidly comparatively with other catalyst. The use of large amount of Ni-Co will lead to carbon deposition and so to the catalyst deactivation.
Topological based active and reactive power losses allocation method in both pool and bilateral-based electricity markets using power flow
Authors: Ahmadimanesh Alireza , Kalantar Mohsen
Published: April 2017

In this paper, a new loss allocation method in restructured power systems is proposed. The method is appropriate for active and reactive loss allocations. This method can also be used for allocation in both bilateral and pool-based markets. The basic idea of this method is to calculate the contribution of each transaction on the system losses by deactivating it. The share of each transaction from total active and reactive losses of the network is estimated. Furthermore, we will discuss how the participants would affect the system’s loss. Are they supporting the network by reducing the total losses or not? This method is tested on different test systems, but due to space limitation, only the results of proposed method on IEEE 14, 24 and 118-bus test systems are presented and discussed. Furthermore, different parameters effects such as the location of slack bus and load condition are investigated. The proposed method has appropriate results in all conditions.
An Effective Technique for Reducing Total Harmonics Distortion of Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Nageswara Rao G. , Chandra Sekhar K. , Sangameswararaju P.
Published: April 2017

In this paper, an adaptive neuro fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) is proposed for eliminating voltage harmonics present in the multilevel inverter. It is achieved by reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) present in the multilevel inverter output voltage. Here, the voltage variation of the multilevel inverter is determined from the actual load voltage and the reference voltage. The voltage variations at different time intervals have been applied to the ANFIS. According to the voltage variations, the switching angles can be generated from the interference system. These switching angles can make the multilevel inverter output voltage with reduced THD. The proposed technique is implemented in the MATLAB/simulink working platform. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by the multilevel inverter output voltage without controller and with neuro fuzzy controller (NFC).
Rights, Roles, and Rural Realities: A Case Study on the Effects of Fatwa Decrees Against Women in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Farhana
Published: April 2017

This paper examines the relationship between gender, religion, and development within the context of illegal
Crystal structure of (5,15-cis-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-10-phenyl-20-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrinato)-(pyridine)-zinc(ii) pyridine solvate, C67H47N7O3Zn
Authors: Liguo Yang , Xin Wang
Published: April 2017

C67H47N7O3Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.8802(4) Å, b = 20.2309(6) Å, c = 22.3328(6) Å, β = 101.649(3)°, V = 5257.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0609, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1588, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, C21H25NO5
Authors: Hao Wen-Jing , Xu Xiao-Yan , Zhang Dai-Zun , Han Rui
Published: April 2017

C21H25NO5, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14) a = 10.4501(19) Å, b = 15.750(3) Å, c = 12.043(2) Å, β = 102.625(3)°, V = 1934.3(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0406, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1177, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 5-nitro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzaldehyde, C11H12N2O3
Authors: N’gouan Aka Joseph , Mansilla-Koblavi Frédérica , Timotou Adeyole , Adjou Ané , Tenon Jules Abodou
Published: April 2017

C11H12N2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.1726(2) Å, b = 7.1419(2) Å, c = 18.4875(6) Å, β = 100.376(1), V = 1061.43(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0533, wRref(F2) = 0.1212, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[dichlorido-(μ-ethane-1,2-diyl-bis-(pyridyl-4-carboxylate-κN:N′)mercury(II)], C15H14Cl2HgN2O4
Authors: Brito Iván , Araneda Catherine , Cárdenas Alejandro
Published: April 2017

C15H14Cl2HgN2O4, triclinic, P1̅, (no. 2), a = 7.8177(4) Å, b = 7.9757(4) Å, c = 15.2165(7) Å, α = 76.444(2)°, β = 79.660(2)°, γ = 77.353(2)°, V = 891.71(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0300, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.041, T = 297(2) K.
Optimal drug delivery for intraperitoneal paclitaxel (PTX) in murine model
Authors: Kitayama Joji , Ishigami Hironori , Yamaguchi Hironori , Yamada Jun , Soma Daisuke , Miyato Hideyo , Kamei Takao , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro
Published: April 2017

Background

Repeated intraperitoneal (IP) administration of paclitaxel (PTX) with concurrent systemic chemotherapy is clinically effective for the treatment of peritoneal metastases (PM) from gastric cancer. However, it is unclear how biochemical modifications may affect the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of IP administered PTX.

Methods

In a xenograft PM model using human gastric cancer cells, MKN45, fluorescein-conjugated PTX (OG-PTX) was given IP and the intra-tumor distribution of PTX examined with fluorescein microscopy.

Results

After IP injection, PTX was seen to directly infiltrate up to several hundred micrometers from the surface of the PM. Co-injection with 5 % non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid increased PTX infiltration and suppressed the development of PM more efficiently than PTX alone. PTX solubilized with amphiphilic polymer composed of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) efficiently formed a micellar formation 50–100 nm in diameter. IP injection of the nanomicellar PTX (PTX-30W) also showed significantly enhanced tumor infiltration and further inhibition of the growth of PM compared with PTX solubilized with Cremophor–ethanol (PTX-Cre). Finally, IP administration of NK105, another nanomicellar PTX, inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors as well as PM, compared with conventional PTX-Cre in the same murine model.

Conclusions

PTX administered IP directly infiltrates PM and are thus a useful strategy for the treatment of PM. Drug modification with nanotechnology may further enhance penetration of PM resulting in improved clinical efficacy.
Numerical Simulation of the Ignition of Fuel/Air Gas Mixtures Around Small Hot Particles
Authors: Häber Thomas , Zirwes Thorsten , Roth David , Zhang Feichi , Bockhorn Henning , Maas Ulrich
Published: April 2017

This study presents the simulation and detailed analysis of the ignition of initially quiescent fuel/air mixtures by small, stationary, laser-heated spherical particles. Our simulations cover a wide parameter space by varying the kind of fuel, stoichiometry, heating rate, radical surface destruction efficiencies as well as particle size. The results agree well with experimentally determined particle surface temperatures at the time of ignition over the whole range of parameters. The surface temperatures required for ignition strongly depends on the kind of fuel and increases in the order hydrogen, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propane and methane. It also increases with decreasing particle size. By contrast, mixture stoichiometry and heating rate have a minor influence on the ignition temperatures. Comparisons with two-dimensional direct numerical simulations show that fast, but fully coupled one-dimensional simulations are sufficient to capture the details of the ignition event, permitting a systematic investigation for large number of conditions. At small particle radii (r≤2 mm) there exists a simple mapping of only two parameters, an apparent activation energy and a factor comprising thermo-physical properties of the gas phase that is able to estimate the particle surface temperature required for ignition. Such a map might be used for the safety assessment of ignition hazards by small hot particles as function of fuel, stoichiometry and particle size.
Effects of a 12-Month Complex Proprioceptive-Coordinative Training Program on Soccer Performance in Prepubertal Boys Aged 10–11 Years
Authors: Boraczyński Michał T. , Sozański Henryk A. , Boraczyński Tomasz W.
Published: April 2017

Boraczyński, MT, Sozański, HA, and Boraczyński, TW. Effects of a 12-month complex proprioceptive-coordinative training program on soccer performance in prepubertal boys aged 10–11 years. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1380–1393, 2019—The aim was to examine the effects of a series of on-field proprioceptive-coordinative (P-C) exercises on motor performance (MP) in prepubertal soccer players. Fifty-three male soccer players aged 10.1–11.8 years were randomized among 2 experimental programs receiving P-C training (P-CT; n = 26) or regular training (RT; n = 27). A control group (C; n = 22) consisted of age-matched (10.3–11.9 years) cohorts not involved in any regular physical activity. Both experimental groups completed an identical 12-month comprehensive soccer program except training in P-CT was modified to substitute small-sided conditioning games with 24 multimode P-C exercises with modulated exercise intensity (every 8–9 weeks based on predicted maximal heart rate [HRmax]). Pre-, peri-, and posttraining measures included anthropometry and 5 tests assessing soccer-specific MP: movement rhythm (turning the ball backwards—T1), motor adaptation (running with the ball around poles—T2), spatial orientation (running to sequentially numbered balls—T3), balance (single-leg static balance—T4), and kinesthetic differentiation of movement (landing the ball on a 2 × 2 m sector—T5). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no significance between-group differences for age, anthropometry, and body-fat percentage at baseline. Significant main effects for group (P-CT vs. RT) were found in all tests (T1–T5) and main effects for time (group P-CT) in T3–T5, whereas a significant group × time interaction was observed only in T4 (F = 2.98, p = 0.0204). Post hoc tests indicated that P-CT attained significantly better results than RT at peritraining (by 26.4%; p < 0.01) and posttraining (by 31.9%, p < 0.01). Modulated exercise intensity had little effect on soccer performance (T1–T3, T5). Based on the results, it is recommended that the training of young soccer players be supplemented with the bilateral balance exercises and games used in the study. Furthermore, the suitability of monitoring HR in P-C exercises targeting the analyzed MP skills is questionable.
U.S. Army Physical Demands Study: Reliability of Simulations of Physically Demanding Tasks Performed by Combat Arms Soldiers
Authors: Foulis Stephen A. , Redmond Jan E. , Frykman Peter N. , Warr Bradley J. , Zambraski Edward J. , Sharp Marilyn A.
Published: April 2017

Foulis, SA, Redmond, JE, Frykman, PN, Warr, BJ, Zambraski, EJ, and Sharp, MA. U.S. Army physical demands study: reliability of simulations of physically demanding tasks performed by combat arms soldiers. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3245–3252, 2017—Recently, the U.S. Army has mandated that soldiers must successfully complete the physically demanding tasks of their job to graduate from their Initial Military Training. Evaluating individual soldiers in the field is difficult; however, simulations of these tasks may aid in the assessment of soldiers' abilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of simulated physical soldiering tasks relevant to combat arms soldiers. Three cohorts of ∼50 soldiers repeated a subset of 8 simulated tasks 4 times over 2 weeks. Simulations included: sandbag carry, casualty drag, and casualty evacuation from a vehicle turret, move under direct fire, stow ammunition on a tank, load the main gun of a tank, transferring ammunition with a field artillery supply vehicle, and a 4-mile foot march. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard errors of measurement (SEMs), and 95% limits of agreement. Performance of the casualty drag and foot march did not improve across trials (p > 0.05), whereas improvements, suggestive of learning effects, were observed on the remaining 6 tasks (p ≤ 0.05). The ICCs ranged from 0.76 to 0.96, and the SEMs ranged from 3 to 16% of the mean. These 8 simulated tasks show high reliability. Given proper practice, they are suitable for evaluating the ability of Combat Arms Soldiers to complete the physical requirements of their jobs.
Deficiency in Neuronal TGF-β Signaling Leads to Nigrostriatal Degeneration and Activation of TGF-β Signaling Protects against MPTP Neurotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Tesseur Ina , Nguyen Andy , Chang Betty , Li Lulin , Woodling Nathaniel S. , Wyss-Coray Tony , Luo Jian
Published: April 2017

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays an important role in the development and maintenance of embryonic dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain. To study the function of TGF-β signaling in the adult nigrostriatal system, we generated transgenic mice with reduced TGF-β signaling in mature neurons. These mice display age-related motor deficits and degeneration of the nigrostriatal system. Increasing TGF-β signaling in the substantia nigra through adeno-associated virus expressing a constitutively active type I receptor significantly reduces 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor deficits. These results suggest that TGF-β signaling is critical for adult DA neuron survival and that modulating this signaling pathway has therapeutic potential in Parkinson disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show that reducing Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling promotes Parkinson disease-related pathologies and motor deficits, and increasing TGF-β signaling reduces neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a parkinsonism-inducing agent. Our results provide a rationale to pursue a means of increasing TGF-β signaling as a potential therapy for Parkinson's disease.
Distinct Patterns of Gene Gain and Loss: Diverse Evolutionary Modes of NBS-Encoding Genes in Three Solanaceae Crop Species
Authors: Qian Lan-Hua , Zhou Guang-Can , Sun Xiao-Qin , Lei Zhao , Zhang Yan-Mei , Xue Jia-Yu , Hang Yue-Yu
Published: April 2017

Plant resistance conferred by nucleotide binding site (NBS)-encoding resistance genes plays a key role in the defense against various pathogens throughout the entire plant life cycle. However, comparative analyses for the systematic evaluation and determination of the evolutionary modes of NBS-encoding genes among Solanaceae species are rare. In this study, 447, 255, and 306 NBS-encoding genes were identified from the genomes of potato, tomato, and pepper, respectively. These genes usually clustered as tandem arrays on chromosomes; few existed as singletons. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that three subclasses [TNLs (TIR-NBS-LRR), CNLs (CC-NBS-LRR), and RNLs (RPW8-NBS-LRR)] each formed a monophyletic clade and were distinguished by unique exon/intron structures and amino acid motif sequences. By comparing phylogenetic and systematic relationships, we inferred that the NBS-encoding genes in the present genomes of potato, tomato, and pepper were derived from 150 CNL, 22 TNL, and 4 RNL ancestral genes, and underwent independent gene loss and duplication events after speciation. The NBS-encoding genes therefore exhibit diverse and dynamic evolutionary patterns in the three Solanaceae species, giving rise to the discrepant gene numbers observed today. Potato shows a “consistent expansion” pattern, tomato exhibits a pattern of “first expansion and then contraction,” and pepper presents a “shrinking” pattern. The earlier expansion of CNLs in the common ancestor led to the dominance of this subclass in gene numbers. However, RNLs remained at low copy numbers due to their specific functions. Along the evolutionary process of NBS-encoding genes in Solanaceae, species-specific tandem duplications contributed the most to gene expansions.
Identification of QTLs for 14 Agronomically Important Traits inSetaria italicaBased on SNPs Generated from High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Kai , Fan Guangyu , Zhang Xinxin , Zhao Fang , Wei Wei , Du Guohua , Feng Xiaolei , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Feng , Song Guoliang , Zou Hongfeng , Zhang Xiaolei , Li Shuangdong , Ni Xuemei , Zhang Gengyun , Zhao Zhihai
Published: April 2017

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is an important crop possessing C4 photosynthesis capability. The S. italica genome was de novo sequenced in 2012, but the sequence lacked high-density genetic maps with agronomic and yield trait linkages. In the present study, we resequenced a foxtail millet population of 439 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and developed high-resolution bin map and high-density SNP markers, which could provide an effective approach for gene identification. A total of 59 QTL for 14 agronomic traits in plants grown under long- and short-day photoperiods were identified. The phenotypic variation explained ranged from 4.9 to 43.94%. In addition, we suggested that there may be segregation distortion on chromosome 6 that is significantly distorted toward Zhang gu. The newly identified QTL will provide a platform for sequence-based research on the S. italica genome, and for molecular marker-assisted breeding.
Genetic Architecture of Phenomic-Enabled Canopy Coverage inGlycine max
Authors: Xavier Alencar , Hall Benjamin , Hearst Anthony A , Cherkauer Keith A , Rainey Katy M
Published: April 2017

Digital imagery can help to quantify seasonal changes in desirable crop phenotypes that can be treated as quantitative traits. Because limitations in precise and functional phenotyping restrain genetic improvement in the postgenomic era, imagery-based phenomics could become the next breakthrough to accelerate genetic gains in field crops. Whereas many phenomic studies focus on exploratory analysis of spectral data without obvious interpretative value, we used field images to directly measure soybean canopy development from phenological stage V2 to R5. Over 3 years, we collected imagery using ground and aerial platforms of a large and diverse nested association panel comprising 5555 lines. Genome-wide association analysis of canopy coverage across sampling dates detected a large quantitative trait locus (QTL) on soybean (Glycine max, L. Merr.) chromosome 19. This QTL provided an increase in yield of 47.3 kg ha−1. Variance component analysis indicated that a parameter, described as average canopy coverage, is a highly heritable trait (h2 = 0.77) with a promising genetic correlation with grain yield (0.87), enabling indirect selection of yield via canopy development parameters. Our findings indicate that fast canopy coverage is an early season trait that is inexpensive to measure and has great potential for application in breeding programs focused on yield improvement. We recommend using the average canopy coverage in multiple trait schemes, especially for the early stages of the breeding pipeline (including progeny rows and preliminary yield trials), in which the large number of field plots makes collection of grain yield data challenging.
Facilitating Neuron-Specific Genetic Manipulations in Drosophila melanogaster Using a Split GAL4 Repressor
Authors: Dolan Michael-John , Luan Haojiang , Shropshire William C , Sutcliffe Ben , Cocanougher Benjamin , Scott Robert L , Frechter Shahar , Zlatic Marta , Jefferis Gregory S X E , White Benjamin H
Published: April 2017

Efforts to map neural circuits have been galvanized by the development of genetic technologies that permit the manipulation of targeted sets of neurons in the brains of freely behaving animals. The success of these efforts relies on the experimenter’s ability to target arbitrarily small subsets of neurons for manipulation, but such specificity of targeting cannot routinely be achieved using existing methods. In Drosophila melanogaster, a widely-used technique for refined cell type-specific manipulation is the Split GAL4 system, which augments the targeting specificity of the binary GAL4-UAS (Upstream Activating Sequence) system by making GAL4 transcriptional activity contingent upon two enhancers, rather than one. To permit more refined targeting, we introduce here the “Killer Zipper” (KZip+), a suppressor that makes Split GAL4 targeting contingent upon a third enhancer. KZip+ acts by disrupting both the formation and activity of Split GAL4 heterodimers, and we show how this added layer of control can be used to selectively remove unwanted cells from a Split GAL4 expression pattern or to subtract neurons of interest from a pattern to determine their requirement in generating a given phenotype. To facilitate application of the KZip+ technology, we have developed a versatile set of LexAop-KZip+ fly lines that can be used directly with the large number of LexA driver lines with known expression patterns. KZip+ significantly sharpens the precision of neuronal genetic control available in Drosophila and may be extended to other organisms where Split GAL4-like systems are used.
Síntesis de monetita pura por reacción heterogénea ácido base.
Authors: Moreno Aldana Luis Carlos , Olarte Cárdenas Davier , Delgado Mejía Edgar
Published: April 2017

Se estudiaron cinco variaciones del procedimiento de síntesis de monetita modificando la agitación, la velocidad de adición de ácido fosfórico, la homogenización y la temperatura de secado. Los productos se caracterizaron por difracción de rayos X (DRX), microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM-EDS), relación Ca/P (por titulación de calcio con permanganato de potasio y valoración colorimétrica de fósforo por la formación del complejo azul de molibdeno) y espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Los resultados de DRX, espectroscopia infrarroja y la relación Ca/P señalan que el fosfato sintetizado corresponde a monetita pura. Se encontró que los factores de síntesis que más afectan las propiedades de composición, estructura cristalina, relación Ca/P y forma y tamaño de grano de los fosfatos sintetizados son la relación estequiométrica de los reactantes y la mecanoactivación de sólido con sobrenadante.
Preparación de carbón activado a partir de residuos de palma de aceite y su aplicación para la remoción de colorantes
Authors: Ramírez Muñoz Anyi Paola , Giraldo Stephanie , Flórez Yepes Elizabeth , Acelas Soto Nancy Yamile
Published: April 2017

En el presente estudio se muestra la producción de carbón activado a partir de la biomasa residual generada en la producción de palma de aceite, fibra (F) y cáscara (C). Se realizó activación química con ZnCl2 y se evalúo la capacidad de remoción de azul de metileno (AM) para diferentes concentraciones (50, 100 y 150 mg/L). Los resultados mostraron un buen desarrollo de poro por dicho método de activación, con áreas superficiales de 835,3 m2/g para la fibra activada (FA) y 575,1 m2/g para la cáscara activada (CA). Se encontró un buen ajuste de los datos experimentales al modelo cinético de pseudo segundo orden y a las isotermas de Langmuir y Freundlich con capacidades máximas de adsorción de 763,4 y 724,6 mg/g para FA y CA, respectivamente.
RESPON IKAN KERAPU BEBEK, Cromileptes altivens TERHADAP IMU NOSTIMULAN PEPTIDOGLYCAN MELALUI PAKAN PELET
Authors: Johnny Fris , Koesharyani Lsti , Roza Des , Tridjoko Tridjoko , Giri Nyoman Adiasmara , Suwirya Ketut
Published: April 2017

Suatu percobaan untuk meningkatkan kekebalan non-spesifik pada ikan kerapu bebek dengan menggunakan imunostimulan peptidoglycan dalam pakan pelet telah dilakukan di Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut Gondol.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A NECESSIDADE DO HOMEM AGREGAR-SE E SUAS RELAÇÕES NO GRUPO
Authors: Faro Ana Cristina Mancussi e
Published: April 2017

Apresentamos algumas considerações sobre gregária, enquanto necessidade humana básica. Na vida em grupo, no relacionamento pessoa a pessoa, há aspectos básicos, dos quais mencionamos as necessidades interpessoais, a aceitação, a empatia, valores, crenças e fatores culturais segundo a perspectiva de alguns autores.
A FENOMENOLOGÍA COMO ALTERNATIVA METODOLÓGICA PARA PESQUISA ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES
Authors: Martins Joel , Boemer Magali Roseira , Ferraz Clarice Aparecida
Published: April 2017

Os autores apresentam as idéias fundamentais da fenomenología enquanto uma epistemología voltada para as ciências humanas que se preocupa com o vivido dos sujeitos e empresa necessariamente a reflexão como urna forma de ver as coisas como elas se manifestam. Enquanto alternativa metodológica de pesquisa, a fenomenología busca a essência do fenômeno situado e para a análise de sua estrutura, o pesquisador obtém descrições dos sujeitos que estão experienciando a situação, buscando a formação de unidades significantes. A hermenêutica é uma forma de interpretação que requer a fundamentação de um referencial filosófico.
Políticas educacionais e juventude rural no ensino superior
Authors: Redin Ezequiel
Published: April 2017

RESUMO O artigo objetiva analisar as políticas educacionais de acesso ao ensino superior, recentemente instituídas no Brasil, em especial, o Programa Universidade para Todos (Prouni) e as relações com a juventude rural, hipossuficiente economicamente. As informações usadas referem-se aos dados institucionais do poder público federal e as reflexões sobre os jovens rurais, bolsistas, com base no Território Centro-Serra, Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo possibilitou identificar que o Prouni proporcionou uma oportunidade à juventude rural de cursar o ensino superior em instituições de ensino particulares, porém, a maioria dos jovens rurais ainda permanece em condição marginal no acesso à política educacional, principalmente, pelo capital cultural herdado da condição camponesa em que o hábito da leitura, do acesso a livros e da dedicação aos estudos encontra-se num duelo com o trabalho na roça, estratégia fundamental para manter a reprodução social da família rural. O Prouni representa, em certa medida, a universalização e a democratização do acesso ao ensino superior em nível regional, o que proporcionou a qualificação profissional de parcela da juventude rural mantendo seus laços com o território e fortalecendo o capital cultural. Porém, a política educacional é invisível à categoria social e insuficiente para proporcionar amplo acesso aos jovens rurais e à juventude em geral que demanda qualificação de nível superior.
Educação infantil em tempo integral: em busca de uma philia social
Authors: Araújo Vania Carvalho de
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões decorrentes de pesquisa realizada em diferentes municípios capixabas sobre as concepções e práticas da educação em tempo integral no contexto da educação infantil (ARAÚJO, 2015). A notória existência do "tempo integral" na educação infantil conserva uma durabilidade paradoxal, seja pela sua inescapável formulação em torno dos direitos das mulheres trabalhadoras e das crianças pobres ou em situação de vulnerabilidade e risco social, seja pela sua habitual invisibilidade como parte integrante de um mesmo processo educativo na educação infantil, conferindo-lhe uma identidade instável e uma realidade demandante dos momentos de infortúnio, condicionada que está ao "errante curso labiríntico da vida" (GOETHE apud ARENDT, 1987). Suas questões apontam para a necessária criação de um ethos público, cuja philia social (ARENDT, 1987; MATOS, 2006, 2009; ARISTÓTELES, 2009) se apresenta como uma possibilidade para inaugurar novos suportes materiais e simbólicos que permitam às crianças serem acolhidas para além das contingências de suas necessidades.
Programa Um Computador Por Aluno (PROUCA): uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: Andriola Wagner Bandeira , Gomes Carlos Adriano Santos
Published: April 2017

RESUMO O avanço da produção científica trouxe consigo o crescimento de estudos que procuram inventariar as pesquisas publicadas, convertendo-se em importantes termômetros do grau de profundidade e de amplitude dessas. Ademais, essa estratégia de pesquisa aponta tendências, lacunas, espaços de saturação, métodos mais recorrentes, obras de referência, dentre outros tantos aspectos relativos às pesquisas e à produção científica oriunda dessas. Assim, esta pesquisa objetivou analisar características demográficas e metodológicas das teses e dissertações produzidas no Brasil acerca do Programa Um Computador por Aluno (PROUCA). Metodologicamente o estudo teve caráter descritivo e recorreu ao procedimento documental, com análise de conteúdo de 43 teses e dissertações publicadas no período 2008 a 2014. Os resultados apontaram: (a) ápice da produção científica sobre o PROUCA entre 2012 e 2013; (b) forte concentração de pesquisas nas regiões sul e sudeste; (c) prevalência de estudos de caso e (d) emprego majoritário de referências bibliográficas nacionais.
La pedagogía de casos como estrategia catalizadora del cambio hacía la autonomía del alumno y del profesor en la formación inicial del profesorado de secundaria
Authors: Raya Manuel Jiménez
Published: April 2017

RESUMEN La formación inicial para la profesión docente no solamente implica preparar para conocer, pensar y entender, sino que la preparación para la profesión docente implica ayudar a entender para actuar. Diversos especialistas han recomendado la pedagogía de casos en la formación para la profesión docente inicial, pues puede ayudar a superar algunas de las carencias de los modelos tradicionales de formación y contribuir de manera muy significativa al desarrollo profesional de los profesores. La pedagogía de casos se basa en la idea de que el conocimiento se construye sobre la base del conocimiento previo, va asociado a la experiencia, es transformable y puede cambiar, por lo que ayuda al profesor en formación a entender la complejidad de la docencia, animando a la búsqueda de soluciones docentes alternativas. En este trabajo mantengo que la pedagogía de casos es útil para promover la reflexión crítica, facilitar la comprensión de la teoría, y para formar profesores con capacidad de resolución de problemas, favoreciendo la conexión entre enseñanza, investigación y desarrollo profesional.
Enlarged waist combined with elevated triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype) and HDL-cholesterol in patients with heart failure
Authors: Weschenfelder Camila , Marcadenti Aline , Stein Airton Tetelbom , Gottschall Catarina Bertaso Andreatta
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The association of serum triglycerides plus waist circumference seems to be a good marker of cardiovascular risk and has been named the “hypertriglyceridemic waist” phenotype. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and HDL-cholesterol among patients with heart failure. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary-level hospital in southern Brazil. METHODS: We included patients with heart failure aged > 40 years. Anthropometric assessment (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences) was performed; body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio were calculated and lipid measurements (serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) were collected. In men and women, respectively, waist circumference ≥ 94 cm and ≥ 80 cm, and triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl were considered abnormal and were used to identify the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype. Analyses of covariance were used to evaluate possible associations between levels of HDL-cholesterol and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, according to sex. RESULTS: 112 participants were included, of whom 62.5% were men. The mean age was 61.8 ± 12.3 years and the mean ejection fraction was 40.1 ± 14.7%. Men and woman presented mean HDL-cholesterol of 40.5 ± 14.6 and 40.9 ± 12.7 mg/dl, respectively. The prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was 25%. There was a significant difference in mean HDL-cholesterol between men with and without the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (32.8 ± 14.2 versus 42.1 ± 13.7 mg/dl respectively; P = 0.04), even after adjustment for age, body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, use of statins and heart failure etiology. CONCLUSIONS: The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is significantly associated with lower HDL-cholesterol levels in men with heart failure.
Pendelluft diagnosed from ventilator weaning indexes obtained through bioelectrical impedance tomography: a case report
Authors: Lopes Fabiana Aparecida , Souza Lidiane Andrade Monteiro de , Bernardi Juliana Tavares Neves , Rocha Carlos Eduardo , Figueiredo Luciana Castilho de , Agostini Ana Paula Ragonete dos Anjos , Dragosavac Desanka , Faez Daniela Cristina dos Santos
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Today, through major technological advances in diagnostic resources within medicine, evaluation and monitoring of clinical parameters at the patient’s bedside in intensive care units (ICUs) has become possible. CASE REPORT: This case report presents results and interpretations from predictive mechanical ventilation weaning indexes obtained through monitoring using chest electrical bioimpedance tomography. These indexes included maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, shallow breathing index and spontaneous breathing test. These were correlated with variations in tidal volume variables, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation. Regarding the air distribution behavior in the pulmonary parenchyma, the patient showed the pendelluft phenomenon. Pendelluft occurs due to the time constant (product of the airways resistance and compliance) asymmetry between adjacent lung. CONCLUSION: Bioelectrical impedance tomography can help in weaning from mechanical ventilation, as in the case presented here. Pendelluft was defined as a limitation during the weaning tests.
Resenha - Buracos negros: palestras da BBC Reith Lectures
Authors: Ribeiro Jair Lúcio Prados
Published: April 2017

Apresenta-se uma resenha crítica do livro Buracos negros: palestras da BBC Reith Lectures, de autoria de Stephen Hawking. O livro é a transcrição de duas palestras que o autor ministrou em 2016 para a BBC Radio 4 e pode ser entendido uma introdução sobre o tema, adequada para leigos e estudantes de ensino médio.
Ambivalências no cuidado em saúde mental: a ‘loucura’ do trabalho e a saúde dos trabalhadores. Um estudo de caso da clínica do trabalho
Authors: Silva João de Deus Gomes da , Aciole Giovanni Gurgel , Lancman Selma
Published: April 2017

Trata-se de estudo de caso de Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS tipo III) do interior paulista sobre a percepção dos trabalhadores da saúde acerca de seu trabalho, segundo: (i) empatia profissional, (ii) formas de trabalho coletivo, (iii) espaços de decisão coletiva, e (iv) negociação de regras coletivas de trabalho. Na análise dos resultados, utilizou-se a teoria da “psicodinâmica do trabalho”. As ambivalências do cuidado, vividas pelos trabalhadores na construção de regras coletivas e no desenvolvimento de empatia e cooperação profissional, representam constrangimentos institucionais resultantes da reintrodução de um modelo neoliberal na gestão do serviço de saúde mental.
Aspectos epidemiológicos da malária no Amazonas
Authors: Ferraroni Jose João , Hayes Jack
Published: April 2017

Resumo São apresentados os dados de que a infecção malárica no Amazonas vem decrescendo desde 1973, exceto nas localidades de construção ou abertura das estradas BR-174 (Manaus/Boa Vista) e BR-319 (Manaus/Porto Velho). Na primeira a malária vem apresentando um foco endêmico, com casos de P. falciparum resistente a drogas e Anopheles darlingi exibindo um comportamento de resistência ao DDT. Desde 1974 a maioria dos casos de infecção vem sendo tratada nos ambulatórios e enfermarias do Hospital de Moléstias Tropicais de Manaus, de onde originam a maioria dos dados, os quais são apresentados mensal e anualmente dando a espécie de plasmódio. a idade e o sexo dos indivíduos. Verificou-se que mais de 56% dos casos de malária diagnosticados no referido hospital foram oriundos da BR-174, tornando esta área muito importante para o estudo desta protozoose.
Ecologia de cupins (Insecta: Isoptera) da Amazônia Central: efeitos do desmatamento sobre as populações
Authors: Bandeira Adelmar G.
Published: April 2017

Resumo Foram estudadas a distribuição e diversidade de cupins em áreas de floresta primária, capoeira e pastagem na Amazônia Central, Estado do Amazonas. Foram feitas medidas de umidade do solo, compactação do solo (taxa de infiltração de água no solo) e temperaturas do solo e do ar, para estabelecer relações com a distribuição dos cupins. Com um esforço de coletas aproximadamente equivalente nos três ambientes, ficou demonstrado que a maioria dos gêneros se distribui nos três habitats. Nasutitermes foi o gênero mais comum e com maior diversidade, sendo mais freqüente em pastagem. O número total de ninhos de cupins foi também maior na pastagem que na floresta primária. Os cupins do solo podem atingir quase um metro de profundidade e seu número foi maior na capoeira, seguido da pastagem e por último a floresta. A capacidade de infiltração de água no solo e umidade do solo diminuíram com o desmatamento. As flutuações diárias de temperaturas do solo e do ar foram maiores na pastagem que na floresta. A retirada da vegetação primária e as conseqüentes modificações microclimáticas poderiam ter sido responsáveis pela distribuição de certos grupos de Isoptera.
Demografia genética dos índios Ticuna da Amazônia
Authors: Salzano Francisco M. , Jacques Sídia M. Callegari , Neel James V.
Published: April 2017

Resumo Os índios Ticuna do Brasil são atualmente uma tribo bastante aculturada e integrada, que habita, na sua maioria, aldeias localizadas ao longo do rio Solimões. São aqui apresentados dados demográficos coletados em oito destas aldeias, sendo que para cinco delas foram obtidas informações minuciosas quanto à migração, fertilidade e mortalidade. Os Ticuna caracterizam-se por uma mobilidade relativamente grande, fertililidade alta (número médio de filhos nascidos vivos por mulher com > 40 anos :7), baixa freqüência de casais estéreis (2,5%) e uma mortalidade relativamente pequena para grupos que vivem neste estágio cultural (25% de mortes antes da idade de reprodução). A mortalidade baixa e uma variância também pequena no número de nascidos vivos em irmandades completas levaram a um índice de oportunidade para seleção igual a 0.54 o menor obtido até agora em populações de índios sul-americanos.
Karyotype analysis of three species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from southern Brazil: rearranged karyotypes and cytotaxonomy
Authors: Barbosa Patrícia , Pucci Marcela B. , Nogaroto Viviane , Almeida Mara C. , Artoni Roberto F. , Vicari Marcelo R.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The genus Corydoras comprises a diversity of species with different diploid numbers. We compared cytogenetic data among Corydoras species from different rivers of the Ponta Grossa Arch region in southern Brazil. Corydoras ehrhardti and C. aff. paleatus have a similar karyotype formula and the same diploid number (2n = 44). Corydoras lacrimostigmata has a higher diploid number, with 2n = 58 chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using 5S and 18S ribosomal DNA probes suggests that these ribosomal DNA sequences are involved in chromosomal rearrangements in these Corydoras species. 5S rDNA is a chromosomal marker that is considered to be unique to the species analyzed in this study. Signals of interstitial telomeric sites are seen in a chromosome pair of C. lacrimostigmata, suggesting chromosomal rearrangements via fusions or translocations. This study revealed that C. ehrhardti and C. aff. paleatus have exclusive chromosomal markers associated with chromosome differentiation, which we speculate to prevent genetic introgression.
Estratégias enunciativas na produção do efeito de imparcialidade em notícias jornalísticas
Authors: Leite Ricardo Lopes , Farias Otavia Marques de
Published: April 2017

Resumo Este trabalho investiga como as estratégias enunciativas produzem o efeito de sentido de imparcialidade em notícias jornalísticas. Para isso, utilizando o referencial teórico da semiótica discursiva, analisamos as operações enunciativas de debreagem e embreagem mobilizadas em duas notícias, uma publicada em O Povo e outra no Diário do Nordeste, ambos jornais de Fortaleza - Ceará. Observamos que, ao regularem a presença da enunciação no enunciado, as operações enunciativas criam diferentes graus de isenção ou comprometimento, tanto do enunciador quanto dos actantes do enunciado. Além disso, essas operações colaboram para a construção da identidade discursiva não somente do jornal, mas também dos actantes, que passam a ser vistos em função da imagem resultante da estruturação enunciativa de suas falas.
Idade penal no jornalismo de referência: os sentidos centrais na cobertura do debate sobre redução da maioridade penal
Authors: Dias Anelise Schütz
Published: April 2017

Resumo O artigo se vale de uma perspectiva discursiva para compreender os fenômenos que envolvem jornalismo e segurança pública. Para tal, analisamos os núcleos de sentido que mais apareceram no discurso jornalístico de referência no debate sobre redução da maioridade penal, estimulado, dentre outros fatores, pela votação da PEC 171/1993. A observação foi realizada no período de 01 de junho a 05 de julho de 2015 nos jornais Folha de S. Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo. As sequências discursivas extraídas de 60 reportagens apontaram para quatro núcleos de sentido principais: disputa política/barganha/alianças temporárias; falhas no ECA/no sistema socioeducativo; violência dos "menores" x violência contra os "menores"; e ausência de dados nacionais para o debate sobre a redução da idade penal.