bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buckets of Steam and Left-handed Hammers. The Fool’s Errand as Signal of Epistemic and Coalitional Dominance
Authors: Umbreș Radu
Published: March 2022

In various professional groups, experts send rookies on absurd tasks as a joke. The fool’s errand appears in factories and hospitals, in elite schools and scout camps, among soldiers, sailors, and airmen. Why are newcomers deceived and humiliated, and why are pranks relatively similar and remarkably persistent over time? I propose that the cultural success and the recurrent features of the fool’s errand are based on evolved cognitive mechanisms activated by apprenticeship as social learning and group induction. Epistemic vigilance explains how novices are reliably deceived by experts using opaque statements erroneously perceived as pedagogical. Furthermore, coalitional psychology explains why insiders use the prank as strategic signalling of hierarchies based on epistemic asymmetry. The intersection of cognitive mechanisms and patterns of professional recruitment maintains a tradition of ritualised pranking in which insiders coordinate to humiliate newcomers to assert epistemic and coalitional dominance.
Interrogating the Sacred: Radical Religious Revisionism, Agnosticism and Atheism in the Modern Arab World
Authors: Coury Ralph M.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the thought of modern Arab Muslim and Christian critics of religion (believing radical and left liberal revisionists, agnostics, and atheists) who have challenged prevailing religious repertoires of both Islamists and their liberal opponents. Topics include: traditional Orientalist understandings of the fragile role of reason in Arab societies; the construction of religion in the modern West and non-West; the influences that account for the emergence and nature of Arab critiques, their similarities and differences, and the various responses that they have engendered; the degree to which the critiques have paralleled those of the modern West, and their influence on modern Arab thought; the variety of genres, including the novel, short story, poetry, fable, drama, Qur’anic exegesis, scientific theory, philosophy, metaphysics, and historical studies, in which these critiques have appeared.
Something as Essential as Life Itself
Authors: Macaluso Pasquale
Published: March 2022

Classic trauma theory has been criticized for ignoring the possibility of healing and growth for the traumatized, especially in a non-Western context. This reading of Ghassān Kanafānī’s Returning to Haifa tries to overcome such limitations by employing a framework that articulates Ibn Khaldūn’s thought on group feeling with Pierre Janet’s theory of trauma. Accordingly, the novel construes the Nakbah as a traumatic event that, despite its subjective meaning having long remained elusive, has never stopped affecting refugees’ consciousness. It then proposes that the Arab defeat of 1967 offered an opportunity for collective engagement and historical change to the Nakbah generation because it enabled them to reconcile their traumatic memories with their lives, inspiring their support for the Palestinian resistance. Such a parable of trauma integration counters the essentialist positions that Kanafānī attributed to some Zionist literature and points to the reversal of the schemes aimed at humiliating the Palestinians.
The Traditional Qaṣīdah and Kitāb al-Zahrah by Ibn Dāwūd al-Iṣfahānī
Authors: Nasser Iyas
Published: March 2022

This article examines the structural affinity between the traditional qaṣīdah and Kitāb al-Zahrah, an anthology of poetry compiled by Muḥammad Ibn Dāwūd al-Iṣfahānī (d. 297/910) that consists of one hundred chapters. While the first half is devoted to love poetry, the second half presents a number of different genres, beginning notably with panegyric religious poetry. Here I explore a significant passage in which Ibn Dāwūd justifies his arrangement: love poetry followed by religious poetry. Since this passage presents some ambiguity in Nykl’s edition—which is based on the Cairo manuscript containing only the first half of Kitāb al-Zahrah—I have consulted the Turin manuscript, where the anthology appears in full, to propose important emendations for a satisfactory understanding of the anthologist’s justification. I show that Ibn Dāwūd arranges his anthology in two halves corresponding to the two sections of the Abbasid panegyrical qaṣīdah: amatory opening and panegyric. This potentially makes Kitāb al-Zahrah the only anthology to be based on the traditional structure of qaṣīdah.
On the distribution of the species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata: Natricidae) in northern Thailand, including the description of a new species and a discussion on snake diversity of this region
Authors: HAUSER SJON , SMITS TON , DAVID PATRICK
Published: March 2022

We examined and identified preserved specimens, skins, and photographs from a collection of 83 snakes from northern Thailand presenting the characters of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913. They belong to at least six different taxa divided into five species including a new one described here, namely H. bitaeniatus (Wall, 1925), H. deschauenseei (Taylor, 1934), H. igneus David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler, 2021, Hebius khasiensis (Boulenger, 1890), and a series of specimens with strong similarities to H. khasiensis that are here preliminary identified as “Hebius cf. khasiensis”. Furthermore, we obtained a series of 21 different specimens in the most western strip of the region that we could not refer to any presently known species. We refer these specimens to a new species that we describe here. For each of these taxa, we provide the list of localities and specify the geographic range in northern Thailand. Lastly, we also discuss the diversity of the snake fauna of northern Thailand.
Chironomus gelhausi, a new species of surface-mating Chironomus Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Mongolia
Authors: BOUCHARD R. WILLIAM JR. , HAYFORD BARBARA L. , FERRINGTON LEONARD C. JR
Published: March 2022

The adult male and female of Chironomus gelhausi n. sp. are described from a small lake in western Mongolia. Based on field observations and morphological characters, C. gelhausi is a surface-mating species which has retained the ability to fly. Morphological characteristics associated with surface-mating in this species include apically truncated wings, reduced antennal plume in the male, reduced palps, reduced mid and hind leg length, and enlarged hypopygium. Behavioral observations and morphology of C. gelhausi indicate that this species is a species of Chironomus which has independently evolved morphological characteristics consistent with surface-mating behavior similar to that of Fleuria and other species within Chironomus sensu lato. We can assume that this behavior and the associated morphological characteristics are related to survival in a harsh environment where high winds could displace aerial mating swarms from the larval habitat.
The Radiative Effect on Cloud Microphysics from the Arctic to the Tropics
Authors: Zeng Xiping , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Ulanowski Zbigniew , Neely III Ryan R. , Li Xiaowen , Gong Jie , Wu Dong L.
Published: March 2022

Cloud representation is one of the largest uncertainties in the current weather and climate models. In this article, the observations and modeling of the radiative effect on (cloud) microphysics (REM) from the Arctic to the Tropics are overviewed, providing a new direction to meet the challenge of cloud representation.

REM deals with the radiation-induced temperature difference between cloud particles and air. It leads to two common phenomena observed at the surface—dew and frost—and impacts clouds aloft significantly, which is noticed via the wide occurrence of horizontally oriented ice crystals (HOICs). However, REM has been overlooked by all of the operational weather and climate models.

Based on the bin model of REM and the global distribution of radiative cooling/warming, the observations of REM from several platforms (e.g., aircrafts, field campaigns, and satellites) are coordinated in this article, yielding a global picture on REM. As a result, the picture is compatible with the global distribution of HOICs and other ice crystal characteristics obtained from various clouds on the globe, such as diamond dust (or clear-sky precipitation) in the Arctic, sub-visual cirrus clouds in the tropical tropopause layer, and other cirrus clouds from the low to high latitudes. In addition, ice crystals possess relatively strong REM compared to liquid drops because their aspect ratio is usually not one.

The global picture on REM can be used by the weather and climate modelers to diagnose their cloud representation biases. It can also be used to improve the atmospheric ice retrieval algorithm from satellite observations.
A New Structure for the Sea Ice Essential Climate Variables of the Global Climate Observing System
Authors: Lavergne Thomas , Kern Stefan , Aaboe Signe , Derby Lauren , Dybkjaer Gorm , Garric Gilles , Heil Petra , Hendricks Stefan , Holfort Jürgen , Howell Stephen , Key Jeffrey , Lieser Jan L , Maksym Ted , Maslowski Wieslaw , Meier Walt , Muñoz-Sabater Joaquín , Nicolas Julien , Özsoy Burcu , Rabe Benjamin , Rack Wolfgang , Raphael Marilyn , de Rosnay Patricia , Smolyanitsky Vasily , Tietsche Steffen , Ukita Jinro , Vichi Marcello , Wagner Penelope , Willmes Sascha , Zhao Xi
Published: March 2022

Climate observations inform about the past and present state of the climate system. They underpin climate science, feed into policies for adaptation and mitigation, and increase awareness of the impacts of climate change. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), a body of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), assesses the maturity of the required observing system and gives guidance for its development. The Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) are central to GCOS, and the global community must monitor them with the highest standards in the form of Climate Data Records (CDR). Today, a single ECV—the sea ice ECV—encapsulates all aspects of the sea ice environment. In the early 1990s it was a single variable (sea ice concentration) but is today an umbrella for four variables (adding thickness, edge/extent, and drift). In this contribution, we argue that GCOS should from now on consider a set of seven ECVs (sea ice concentration, thickness, snow depth, surface temperature, surface albedo, age, and drift). These seven ECVs are critical and cost effective to monitor with existing satellite Earth observation capability. We advise against placing these new variables under the umbrella of the single sea ice ECV. To start a set of distinct ECVs is indeed critical to avoid adding to the suboptimal situation we experience today and to reconcile the sea ice variables with the practice in other ECV domains.
Delegitimization, Deconstruction and Control: Undermining the Administrative State
Authors: Moynihan Donald
Published: March 2022

Three phenomena that undermine the U.S. administrative state were taken to extremes under President Trump, contributing to democratic backsliding. The first is delegitimization: a suspicion of the public sector that has curdled into claims that public officials are deep state enemies of the people. This undermines belief in the capacity of government to deliver on democratic promises. Second is deconstruction, which includes undermining administrative capacity and delivery of services, making it harder for institutions to deliver on democratic promises, or to do so in ways that are transparent or generative of conditions in which the public sees government helping. The third is political control, in which loyalty to the political leaders is a primary virtue: this weakens structural protections of public employees and the capacities of government agencies to pursue their statutory mission or respond to other sources of democratic control such as Congress.
American Federalism, Political Inequality, and Democratic Erosion
Authors: Grumbach Jacob M. , Michener Jamila
Published: March 2022

The United States has a particularly decentralized form of federalism that provides important authority to multiple levels of government. This decentralization is typically seen as beneficial for democratic politics. But while federalism both constrains and enables democratic participation, we argue that it does so unevenly, and in ways that deepen inequalities in the processes of democracy. We propose four mechanisms by which the institutional decentralization of American federalism obstructs or reduces democratic accountability and equality: (1) inequality in venue selection, (2) information asymmetry, (3) an unequal exit threat, and (4) decentralized accountability. In contemporary American politics, these mechanisms both create and expand advantages for economic and political elites, while generating and deepening barriers to the full and equitable inclusion of less powerful groups in society, especially economically and racially marginalized Americans.
Dependence on the Lens-to-Target Distance and with the Laser Energy at Constant Irradiance of the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Signal
Authors: Sobral Hugo , Hernández-Rangel Victoria
Published: March 2022

The emission signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of a laser-produced plasma on an aluminum target at different focusing distances and at fixed irradiances was investigated. The plasma was produced by a 1064 nm nanosecond-pulsed laser and the energy and irradiances were varied in the 6–110 mJ and 0.4–700 GW cm−2 ranges, respectively. Regardless of the applied laser energy, adjusting the lens-to-target distance, best emission values were obtained for an irradiance of nearly 8 GW cm−2. At lower irradiances, the signal decreases due to less matter removal, while at higher values, the plasma shielding effect prevents the laser from reaching the sample. This mechanism is surpassed when the lens-to-sample distance is close to the nominal focusing value at about 100 GW cm−2. The enhancement of the signal with the focusing distance is due to a combination of an increment of the plasma temperature, electron density, and atomized mass. When the irradiance is kept fixed changing simultaneously the laser energy and the ablated area, an increment of the emission was observed. This is basically due to an increment of the ablated mass while both electron density and temperature do not show significant changes, even though the laser energy increased by more than one order of magnitude.
A better understanding of the role of new energy and green finance to help achieve carbon neutrality goals, with special reference to China
Authors: Kong Feng
Published: March 2022

Carbon neutrality is an important policy in the current global response to climate change and has been widely recognized by various industries. In the process of promoting carbon neutrality, new energy plays a pivotal role. In this study, the definition and connotation of new energy and its role and specific operation in the energy transition of carbon neutrality are firstly explained. Promoting new energy development requires significant green and low-carbon investments. Taking China as an example, this paper analyzes the opportunities brought by the carbon neutral process to the field of green finance and analyzes the main features and development trends of green finance in China at present. Then this paper proposes policy recommendations to strengthen the development of green finance in China in terms of improving the green financial policy system, enhancing the supply capacity of green financial services, and optimizing the supporting environment for green financial development. Finally, this paper analyzes the measures and experiences of the United States in promoting low-carbon development and proposes countermeasures for China's low-carbon development on the basis of the five major relationships that need attention in China's carbon-neutral process. That is, strengthen the top-level design and improve the regulatory policy system; optimize the energy structure and increase the proportion of clean energy; optimize the industrial structure and reduce energy consumption in key industries; build a complete low-carbon technology system and promote low-carbon technology research and development and demonstration applications, and encourage local conditions to explore low-carbon development paths. The development of green finance can contribute to the advancement of new energy technologies, thus contributing to the achievement of carbon neutrality goals.
A Social-Ecological Approach to Understanding Activity Engagement Patterns Among Older Chinese Immigrants
Authors: Tang Fengyan , Li Ke , Rauktis Mary E. , Chi Iris , Dong XinQi
Published: March 2022

Few studies have focused on activity engagement among older immigrants. We aim to map the patterns of activity engagement and examine the associations with social-ecological factors in a sample of older Chinese immigrants. Participants were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE). Four patterns of activity engagement were identified through latent class analysis: restricted, diverse, informal social, and community-based social. Intrapersonal, interpersonal, cultural, and environmental factors distinguished latent classes of activity engagement. In particular, acculturation and family-oriented immigration differentiated the restricted from the diverse class membership. Positive attributes of social environment such as social network size, positive social support, and neighborhood cohesion were associated with the likelihood of categorization in the diverse, informal social, and community-based social groups relative to the restricted group. Findings point to the importance of positive attributes of social environment in enhancing engagement with life among older Chinese immigrants.
Tired Judges? An Examination of the Effect of Decision Fatigue in Bail Proceedings
Authors: Torres Luis C. , Williams Joshua H.
Published: March 2022

The current study begins to answer the recent call for scholars to reinvigorate the use of observational data to understand courtroom decisions. Drawing on the psychological effects of decision fatigue, the current study examines 284 bail hearing cases from two New Jersey jurisdictions to explore the role of decision fatigue on judges’ engagement, judicial deviations from prosecutors’ recommendations, and set bail amounts. The results suggest that judicial fatigue, measured as case order and session duration, limited the engagement for one judge, affected set bail amounts for both judges, and that proceeding modality may play some role in fatigue and engagement. Findings also suggest that observational data can work in tandem with administrative data to give better insight into the court process and decisions. Limitations and future research are discussed.
Massive dolomitization driven by MgSO4-rich seawater and its effects on thermochemical sulfate reduction, Upper Permian Changxing Formation, northeastern Sichuan, China
Authors: Li Kaikai , Cai Chunfang , Tan Xianfeng , Jiang Hua , Fan Junjia
Published: March 2022

Massive dolostones replacing build-ups and containing H2S of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) origin occur in the Upper Permian reef and bank deposits, northeastern Sichuan, China, despite the absence of gypsum or anhydrite deposits, which are usually present in TSR cases. Fluid chemistry from fluid incluions and δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values from different diagenetic phases were measured to determine the dolomitization regime, and to assess the relationships between the occurrence of dolomitization and H2S accumulation. Dolomitization was initiated by seawater with slightly increased salinities (penesaline) at shallow depths prior to chemical compaction. The micro- to fine-crystalline cloudy dolomite formed with relatively high Na and Sr contents, and with δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values (2.2‰∼4.8‰, −3.9‰∼-5.0‰ and 0.70724∼0.70746, respectively) inherited from seawater. The evaporation of Permian seawater in back-reef and inter-reef lagoons during sea-level fall and the subsequent seepage reflux into reef-beach bodies led to greater Mg2+ and SO42− concentrations in higher-salinity pore waters. Further massive dolomitization was promoted by compactional flow of hotter residual seawater at shallow to intermediate depths and resulted in the formation of fine- to medium-crystalline clean dolomite with lower Na and Sr contents, more depleted δ18O values (-5.1‰∼-6.0 ‰), andδ13C (2.5‰∼4.8 ‰) and 87Sr/86Sr values (0.70726∼0.70741) similar to those of the coeval seawater. The relatively closed hydrodynamic system during burial facilitated SO42− preservation. The whole dolomitization process enriched porewater SO42−, which have been almost exhausted by subsequent TSR, accounting for the high present-day concentrations of H2S. The output of this study shows that similar scenarios involving dolomitization driven by condensed MgSO4 seawater and H2S accumulations can occur in evaporite-free settings across a broad range and deserves special attention during deep oil/gas exploitation.
An unthinkable cinema: Deleuze’s mutant politics of film
Authors: Deane-Freeman Timothy
Published: March 2022

In this paper, I defend a conception of Deleuze’s two volumes dedicated to film – Cinema I: The Movement-Image, and Cinema II: The Time-Image – as protracted expressions of his political philosophy. In this context, I will elaborate the difficult and entwined political claims Deleuze makes on behalf of cinema: that it is capable of engendering a tentative ‘belief in the world’, such as is the necessary correlate of political action; that it captures the contemporary political fact that ‘the people are missing’, as a unified or coherent political agent; and finally that it might reveal those ‘impossible’ or ‘intolerable’ situations which would provoke such a people into being. In advancing this conceptual triumvirate, I will argue that the claims made here on behalf of cinema overspill the art form itself, linking up with Deleuze’s broader political ontology of thought and constituting a generalised political philosophy proper to so-called ‘late-capitalism’.
Nutritional and food education as a complementary treatment approach in severe obese individuals
Authors: Silveira Erika Aparecida , Canheta Andrea Batista , Noll Matias , Rodrigues Ana Paula Santos , Oliveira Cesar de
Published: March 2022

Background: The treatment for obesity, specifically severe obesity, is a challenge for health professionals and services. It requires a multidisciplinary and holistic approach covering the complexity and difficulties of incorporating healthy habits to prevent associated diseases and mortality. Individual intervention's methods are not enough to change eating habits. Objective: To describe and investigate the contribution of nutritional and food education as a complementary therapeutic approach in the treatment of individuals with severe obesity and their family members. Methods: A multidisciplinary team adopted a group approach. A different topic was addressed at each therapeutic meeting to assist in the nutritional treatment of obesity, such as diet and healthy habits i.e. barriers to lifestyle changes. The topics were developed based on different methodological and teaching approaches to facilitate adherence to non-drug treatment. Results: Overall, there was a greater understanding towards the adoption of healthy eating habits of the whole family, greater motivation to adhere to dietary changes and adoption of a more physical active lifestyle. This interventional educational support methodology had been accepted in such a positive way for patients and their relatives. Family member participation expands the possibilities of establishing necessary and lasting changes in the lifestyle of not only the patients, but their whole families. Conclusion: Health education actions constitute an important complementary therapeutic approach in promoting health and preventing complications in individuals with severe obesity. This article can be useful to enlarge the debate on the subject and face the challenges related to the effective treatment of obesity, notably severe obesity.
Metabolic complete tumor response in a patient with epidermal growth factor receptor mutant non-small cell lung cancer treated with a reduced dose of afatinib
Authors: Puliafito Ivana , Esposito Francesca , Raciti Gabriele , Giuffrida Paolo , Caltavuturo Claudia , Colarossi Cristina , Munao Stefania , Sciacca Dorotea , Giuffrida Dario
Published: March 2022

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are the first-line treatment for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Toxicities related to EGFR-TKIs include skin rash, paronychia, and diarrhea, which in some cases can lead to dose reductions or treatment interruptions. Herein, we report the case of a 51-year-old woman affected by advanced adenocarcinoma harboring an exon 19 deletion in the EGFR gene, who was treated with second-generation EGFR-TKI following a scheduled gradual dose reduction to better manage toxicities. Following prescription labeling, treatment was initiated at a dose of 40 mg daily. After a few months, the dose was reduced to 30 mg daily owing to grade 3 skin toxicity. A metabolic complete tumor response was observed after 1 year of treatment, then therapy was continued at 20 mg daily, enabling disease stabilization. In conclusion, low dose afatinib was effective in an EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patient who required dose reductions to better manage toxicities.
Bridge Deck Deterioration: Reasons and Patterns
Authors: Kong Xiaoqiang , Li Zihao , Zhang Yunlong , Das Subasish
Published: March 2022

The deck condition of bridges is one of the most important factors impacting the connectivity and efficiency of transportation networks. Bridges with quickly deteriorating deck conditions are a huge financial burden for transportation agencies and can downgrade the efficiency of the whole transportation network. This study utilizes an interpretable machine learning framework, Shapley additive explanation (SHAP), to investigate the associations between various factors, such as wearing surface, deck structure, and so forth, and bridges with quickly deteriorating deck conditions nationwide. An XGBoost model is trained to perform the binary classification task on a heavily imbalanced dataset and classify relatively young bridges (less than 20 years old) with poor/fair deck conditions and relatively old bridges (30–40 years old) with good deck conditions in the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database. The accuracy of the predictive model is 0.91, and the AUC score is about 0.83. After applying this well-performed predictive model on the interpretable machine learning framework, the results revealed that without wearing surface, corrugated steel deck structure, wide bridge structure, and long span are highly associated with bridges with quickly deteriorating decks. The results also show that bridges with a relatively low average daily traffic (ADT) or truck percentage of ADT are in a dilemma zone, where the overall traffic or truck volume of the bridge is not low enough to prevent fast deterioration, but not high enough for eligibility for the funding required for more durable materials during construction or appropriate maintenance.
Resilience-Focused Analysis of the United States Maritime Transportation System Using Automatic Identification System Data
Authors: Young David L. , Scully Brandan M. , Chambers Katherine F.
Published: March 2022

The U.S. maritime transportation system is a foundational element of the national supply chain, and its operators are under immense pressure to ensure that its ports can reliably and efficiently support supply chain demands despite their exposure to potential disruptions. Understanding the connectivity of these ports is critical to describing the robustness of port network regions in the face of disruption. In this work, Marine Cadastre Automatic Identification System data are utilized to describe a network of 62 interconnected ports (“nodes”) within the U.S. maritime transportation system. This network is analyzed with community detection via label propagation to quantitatively identify regions of the U.S. port network based on shared vessel traffic and examined with the PageRank algorithm to identify ports that are critical to regional traffic flow. The detected communities of the U.S. port network were driven by physical proximity in many instances. However, the Mississippi River and Gulf ports were split based on the predominant vessel type of each port. Additionally, ports along the Gulf often received lower PageRank scores than West coast ports of similar size. Quantitatively identifying port network regions and critical ports are valuable capabilities for discussion of regional robustness or investments to increase region-wide resilience.
Gender and politics in a digitalised world: Investigating online hostility against UK female MPs
Authors: Esposito Eleonora , Breeze Ruth
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates digital discursive practices of hostility against women in UK politics through quantitative and qualitative analysis of a corpus of Twitter data retrieved across the 3 weeks preceding the UK General Elections in December 2019. A mixed-methods approach was designed. First, we used quantitative semantic analysis to compare the large datasets of tweets about female and male MPs, with a view to detecting possible gendered patterns. We then triangulated our quantitative findings with an in-depth critical discursive analysis of the tweets mentioning female MPs. Rather than showing gendered patterns across the board, the results from the quantitative analysis brought out large inter-individual differences. Some female MPs received comments containing more lexis related to appearance, sexual history and violence, as well as more emotional or extreme language. Critical analysis of the hostile and abusive messages targeting women reveals them to be deeply embedded in a social perception of women’s political activity as breaching the rules of gender performativity.
Impact of technological progress on carbon emissions in different country income groups
Authors: Milindi Chris Belmert , Inglesi-Lotz Roula
Published: March 2022

This study examines the complex relationship between carbon emissions and technological progress in a sample of 60 countries divided into four income groups for the period 1989–2018. For robustness purposes and due to the broad definition of technology, we use six different proxies to represent technology: Information and telecommunication technology (ICT), patents, public R&D expenditure, Total factor of productivity (TFP), science and technology publications. After applying the fixed-effect method with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors, ICT variables appear to be good instruments for carbon reduction in the full sample. However, R&D expenditure and patents do not significantly impact carbon emissions. TFP increases carbon emissions, while science and technology publications are negatively related to carbon emissions. The analysis shows mixed results for the various country income groups and all indicators.
Door-to-door hepatitis C screening in Georgia: An innovative model to increase testing and linkage to care
Authors: Butsashvili Maia , Zurashvili Tamar , Kamkamidze George , Kajaia Maia , Gulbiani Lasha , Gamezardashvili Ana , Gvinjilia Lia , Kuchuloria Tinatin , Gamkrelidze Amiran , Shadaker Shaun , Nasrullah Muazzam , Averhoff Francisco , Armstrong Paige A.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Georgia has a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In 2015 a national HCV elimination program was launched providing free access to screening and treatment. To achieve elimination, innovative approaches to increase screening coverage and linkage to care are needed. This study estimates feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of the door-to-door pilot HCV testing program in three cities.

Methods

Households were approached by system random sampling and all members were invited for study participation. Researchers used a detailed guide for conducting door-to-door testing and served as case navigators to link anti-HCV-positive individuals to care.

Results

Testing acceptance rate was high. In total 4804 individuals were tested and 48 (1.0%) were HCV positive. Among the entire sample of newly and previously tested individuals, overall HCV antibody prevalence was 3.6%. Through case navigation, of 48 newly identified and 26 previously identified anti-HCV-positive individuals, 42 (87.5%) and 17 (65.4%), respectively, were successfully linked to care.

Conclusions

Door-to-door HCV testing has potential to increase testing uptake. Such community-based approaches not only improve testing, but can also serve to increase linkage to care, which is important in achieving the goal of HCV elimination. The study provides a model for high prevalence countries aiming to eliminate hepatitis C.
Changing Care Settings for Injuries
Authors: Buttorff Christine , Heins Sara E. , Al-Ibrahim Hamad
Published: March 2022

Tracking injury rates is important for surveillance purposes but little data exist for injuries outside of emergency department visits. We assess the share and type of injuries reported in urgent care centers (UCCs) compared with other settings. We used FAIR Health claims data from 2016 through the first quarter of 2019 to calculate the percent of claims and most common types of injuries. Of the 197 million injury claims, 62% occurred in office settings and 17% in hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs), 5% in inpatient and in ED settings, and less than 2% in UCCs. Injury claims in UCCs increased 6% from 2016 to 2018, whereas injury claims in EDs declined 24%. Overall, physician offices and HOPDs accounted for the largest share of injury care, but UCCs represented the fastest growing setting to treat injuries.
Evaluation of the efficacy of ursodiol for prevention of hepatotoxicity in patients receiving gemtuzumab ozogamicin and inotuzumab ozogamicin
Authors: Sabatino David , Henneman Amrita , Ahmad Samrah , Jou Erin , Goldberg Bradley
Published: March 2022

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) and inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) are indicated for newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia and relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia respectively. Patients undergoing therapy with these agents are at increased risk for hepatotoxicity. Forty-nine patients received either GO or InO with concomitant ursodiol (n=14) or no ursodiol (n=35) for hepatotoxicity prophylaxis. Hepatotoxicity occurred in 2 (14%) patients in the ursodiol group compared to 15 (43%) patients in the no ursodiol group (p=0.10). Median days (17 versus 11; p=0.66) and doses (4 versus 2; p=0.28) to development of hepatotoxicity were higher in the ursodiol versus no ursodiol group. After adjusting for concomitant hepatotoxic medications and prior chemotherapy, ursodiol did not significantly reduce the incidence of hepatotoxicity. Ursodiol prophylaxis was associated with a similar incidence of hepatotoxicity compared to no ursodiol, but may delay the time to occurrence.
Influence of Percolation effect of additives on the Performance of Conical Textured Porous Hybrid Journal Bearing
Authors: Singh Anil , Sharma Satish C.
Published: March 2022

Textured bearing surfaces are widely used to reduce the friction in lubricated contacts. Besides the hydrodynamic pressure generated by the physical wedge, micro-textures act as micro-bearings and generates localized pressure. As a result, an additional load carrying capacity is generated. Further, micro-texture also serves as a lubricant reservoir, trapping wear debris and abrasive particles to improve the performance of tribo- pair. In this study, the effect of micro-textures and percolation effect of additives on the performance of hybrid conical porous journal bearings (HCPJBS) has been studied. The interactive effects of permeability parameter, spherical shaped micro-texture, semi cone angle and couple stress lubricant parameter considering the percolation effect parameter of additives on the performance of HCPJBS has been studied. FEM is used to numerically simulate the flow behaviour of couple stress lubricant in the bearing clearance space of a HCPJBS. The results shows that the HCPJBS operating with couple stress lubricant provides enhanced stability margin [Formula: see text] for lower values of permeability parameter [Formula: see text] and semi cone angle [Formula: see text].
Transreal tracing: Queer-feminist speculations on disabled technologies
Authors: Spiel Katta
Published: March 2022

In a world where technologies often serve to amplify the persistent rendering of disability as an undesired deficit, what we need are empowering utopias concerning bodies, disabilities and assistive technologies. Specifically, I use Barad's article ‘Transmaterialities: Trans*/Matter/Realities and Queer Political Imaginings’ to illustrate how we might speculate on technologies that understand disabled bodies as affording potentials.

The Transreal Tracing Device reimagines our bodies as surfaces of possibility, encouraging explorations into how disabled bodies do and could look like. The speculative device offers an opportunity for positive renegotiations of disabled bodies as malleable and desirable – as ontologically indeterminate and transcendent.

In traversing theoretical approaches and using them to design queer-feminist utopias centring disabled people, the concept challenges dominant notions of disabilities and assistive technologies alike. I close by discussing implications for ability-based, participatory but even more so self-determined design, and how to shift the focus of disabled technologies towards potential, from support to appreciation, from isolation to kinship and, ultimately, from shame to pride.
Looseness monitoring of multiple M1 bolt joints using multivariate intrinsic multiscale entropy analysis and Lorentz signal-enhanced piezoelectric active sensing
Authors: Yuan Rui , Lv Yong , Wang Tao , Li Si , Li Hewenxuan
Published: March 2022

Bolts are widely used in the fields of mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineering. The condition of bolt joints has a significant impact on the safe and reliable operation of the whole equipment. The failure of bolt joints monitoring leads to severe accidents or even casualties. This paper proposes a novel bolt joints monitoring method using multivariate intrinsic multiscale entropy (MIME) analysis and Lorentz signal-enhanced piezoelectric active sensing. Lorentz signal is used as excitation signal in piezoelectric active sensing to expose nonlinear dynamical characteristics of the bolt joints. Multivariate variational mode decomposition (MVMD) is employed to decompose multiple components of the collected Lorentz signal into multivariate band-limited intrinsic mode functions (BLIMFs). Afterward, improved multiscale sample entropy (IMSE) values of each channel’s BLIMFs are computed to measure its irregularity and complexity. IMSE values are taken as quantitative features, reflecting dynamical characteristics of bolt joints. Further, the constructed 3-layer feature matrices are adopted as the input of the convolutional neural network (CNN) to achieve accurate bolt joint monitoring. The multiple M1 bolt joints are used during the experiment to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate the proposed novel approach is promising in bolt joints monitoring.
Urban Mediatization and Planetary Gentrification: The Rise and Fall of a Favela across Media Platforms
Authors: Törnberg Petter , Uitermark Justus
Published: March 2022

We are today increasingly experiencing the city through interfaces of platforms like Google Maps, Instagram, TripAdvisor, Airbnb, and Yelp. As our very sense of the city is shaped by these technological interfaces, the media are acquiring a constitutive role in reshaping contemporary urbanity. To conceptualize how media represent urban change, this paper draws on media studies and particularly the concept of “mediatization.” The paper studies the changing media representations of the gentrification of Rio de Janeiro’s favela Vidigal over fifteen years across different media. Using computational methods and interpretative analysis, we find that global media representations represented Vidigal as a site for adventure and investment. However, the media representations are far from monolithic. At one moment, they mobilize cosmopolitan fascination with the “other,” promoting slum tourism gentrification. At the next, they amplify critiques of gentrification and local protests against displacement. We argue that media representations are driven by their own variegated forces and cultures, which are increasingly coming to shape the dynamics of urban imaginaries.
Call for Inclusive and Diverse Suicide Prevention Strategies Among Cuban Americans: A Brief Report
Authors: Brenes Francisco , Henriquez Federico , Cachon Pedro
Published: March 2022

Suicide is a leading cause of death in Hispanics globally and nationally. Intentional death rates were higher in Cuba than Mexico in 2016. In the United States (US), suicide mortality rates were greater among Hispanics in rural than urban areas from 2001 to 2015. Although the US lacks suicide research in undocumented Hispanics, few studies have reported increased risk in immigrants. Limited research also indicates higher intentional death rates in Cuban Americans compared with other Hispanic American subgroups. However, suicide prevention strategies for at-risk Cuban Americans are lacking due to a scarcity of research among diverse Hispanics. Researchers could collaborate with health care providers to develop effective suicide prevention methods for Cuban Americans with suicidal problems. This report provides an overview of suicidal behavior in Hispanic Americans with a focus on Cuban Americans. Gaps related to the research topic, as well as recommendations for practice, research, and health policy, are provided in this report.
Research on electric vehicle range under cold condition
Authors: Zhao Chen , Li Yucheng , Yang Yun , Wan Song , Yu Fuyong , Yu Cheng , Deng Chenghao , Zhou Anjian , Shen Xiaoyi
Published: March 2022

The effect of cold temperature on Electric Vehicle (EV) was investigated on an A class sedan through theoretical and experimental tests. Under cold weather, the drive range was reduced by 42.8% due to reasons such as the energy consumption of cabin heating, the reduction of electric energy capacity of battery and a reduction of efficiency of Electric Drive System (EDS). The cabin heating system is the biggest contributor for the reduction of drive range under cold temperature. Unlike the conventional vehicle where the engine waste heat is recycled, a Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heater which directly withdraws electric energy from battery is used as the heat source for EV. This results in a reduction of EV range. Two approaches that can reduce the energy consumption of cabin heating system were investigated, namely the adoption of Intelligent Air Recirculation (IAR) and Heat Pump (HP). IAR and HP brought an increase of EV range under −7°C NEDC by 7.1%–7.9%, respectively. Another factor that causes range reduction is the deterioration of electric energy capacity of battery. To mitigate this adverse influence, research was conducted on two approaches: Motor Heat Recycle System (MHRS) and Active Motor Heat Control (AMHC). The adoption of MHRS system could improve the EV range by 7.9% while AMHC yielded an improvement of range by 2.1%. When the temperature decreases, the system efficiency of EDS decreases. One reason is the increase of oil splash loss as the oil viscosity increases under cold temperature. Hence, one type of oil with lower viscosity was tested and the results showed that the EDS efficiency could be improved by 1.5% which accounted for a 2.2% increase in driving range. With these measures implemented onto the test vehicle, the EV range under cold temperature −7°C NEDC could be improved by 26.5%.
Diagnosis and management of stable angina in primary care
Authors: Harwell Sheelagh MA , Tomlinson James Steven , Brady Adrian JB
Published: March 2022

Angina is the main symptom of myocardial ischaemia, and the most common cause of angina is coronary artery disease. The presence of angina is therefore associated with an increased risk of subsequent cardiac events and mortality that can be reduced by appropriate medical treatment or surgical intervention. GPs should ensure that patients presenting with symptoms consistent with angina are rapidly assessed. This article gives a framework for managing stable angina in primary care.
Pruritis ani
Authors: Damisa Josiah , Teodorescu Ertan , Harrison Sanjay
Published: March 2022

Pruritis ani is defined as an intense itch in the peri-anal area. About 25% of individuals have no identifiable cause. It presents a diagnostic challenge, due to the multitude of causative factors, and is estimated to affect 5% of the population, more so men than women. Causative factors include faecal soilage and skin infections, however, malignant conditions such as Bowen’s disease have been implicated. It is important to take a thorough and focused history, as symptoms are often abated by removal of causative agents. Physical examination should not be limited to the peri-anal area, as clues may be garnered from peripheral manifestation of systemic conditions. Focus of management involves eliminating risk factors, improving peri-anal hygiene and encouraging compliance to treatment. Novel treatments include capsaicin cream and methylene blue.
Cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mishra Apurva
Published: March 2022

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder, which leads to many organ-specific complications. Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD in the context of diabetes (and this article) includes all forms of coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease. As per Diabetes UK, the NHS spends almost 10% of its budget on diabetes or related illness. As the increasing number of patients with diabetes has significantly increased the burden on the NHS, it is important to not only diagnose and treat them early, but also to reduce the development of complications through preventive measures. This article specifically looks at the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes.
Mechanisms of 4-Dimethylamino-4'-Methoxy Chalcone in Promoting Melanin Synthesis
Authors: Tuerxuntayi Adila , Abulikemu Tajiguli , Niu Chao
Published: March 2022

Background and aims: Vitiligo, a pigmentation-associated disease, affects 1–2% of the global population andis difficult to treat. The pathogenetic mechanism of vitiligo remains unclear. Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. extract for vitiligo treatment was initially recorded 300 years ago. Itschalcone compounds are believed to play essential roles in this treatment. In a previous study, chalcones were shown to enhance melanin production and tyrosinase activity inmouse B16 cells. Materials and methods: In this study, the effects were investigated of 4-dimethylamino-4'-methoxy chalcone (DMC) on theexpression of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, tyrosinase-relatedprotein (TRP)-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)on murine B16 cells. Moreover, the signaling pathways of melanogenesis regulation,and the effects of DMCon the AC/cAMP/PKA/CREB (CREB and p-CREB), p38mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, ERK andp-ERK), Wnt/β-catenin (β-catenin), and SWI/SNF pathways (SOX-10) proteinexpression levels were examined by Western blot. Results: The data showed that DMCcould promote melanin production by upregulating the p-CREB, p-p38,p-ERK and β-catenin proteins.