bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Zhao, J., et al. Pharmacokinetics of Ginkgolide B after Oral Administration of Three Different Ginkgolide B Formulations in Beagle Dogs. Molecules 2015, 20, 20031–20041
Authors: Zhao Jie , Geng Ting , Wang Qi , Si Haihong , Sun Xiaoping , Guo Qingming , Li Yanjing , Huang Wenzhe , Ding Gang , Xiao Wei
Published: June 2016

The authors wish to correct the funding projects number of “Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province” in the Acknowledgments section of this paper [1]: The correct funding projects number should be “No. BK20130403”, not “No. BK2013403”.[...]
Polyglycidol, Its Derivatives, and Polyglycidol-Containing Copolymers—Synthesis and Medical Applications
Authors: Gosecki Mateusz , Gadzinowski Mariusz , Gosecka Monika , Basinska Teresa , Slomkowski Stanislaw
Published: June 2016

Polyglycidol (or polyglycerol) is a biocompatible polymer with a main chain structure similar to that of poly(ethylene oxide) but with a –CH2OH reactive side group in every structural unit. The hydroxyl groups in polyglycidol not only increase the hydrophilicity of this polymer but also allow for its modification, leading to polymers with carboxyl, amine, and vinyl groups, as well as to polymers with bonded aliphatic chains, sugar moieties, and covalently immobilized bioactive compounds in particular proteins. The paper describes the current state of knowledge on the synthesis of polyglycidols with various topology (linear, branched, and star-like) and with various molar masses. We provide information on polyglycidol-rich surfaces with protein-repelling properties. We also describe methods for the synthesis of polyglycidol-containing copolymers and the preparation of nano- and microparticles that could be derived from these copolymers. The paper summarizes recent advances in the application of polyglycidol and polyglycidol-containing polymers as drug carriers, reagents for diagnostic systems, and elements of biosensors.
Magazine Publishing Innovation: Two Case Studies on Managing Creativity
Authors: Das Simon
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to highlight a link between publishing business innovation and how editors manage creativity in the digital era. Examining the changing industrial and historical business context for the U.K. magazine publishing industry, two case studies are analyzed as representatives of different ends of the publishing company spectrum (one a newly launched magazine published by a major, the other an independent ‘magazine’ website start-up). Qualitative data analysis on publishing innovation and managing creativity is presented as a springboard for further research on magazine media management.
Recycling Approach towards Sustainability Advance of Composite Materials’ Industry
Authors: Ribeiro Maria , Fiúza António , Ferreira António , Dinis Maria , Meira Castro Ana , Meixedo João , Alvim Mário
Published: June 2016

Worldwide volume production and consumption of engineered composite materials, namely fiber reinforced polymers (FRP), have increased in the last decades, mostly in the construction, automobile, aeronautic and wind energy sectors. This rising production and consumption have also led to an increasing amount of FRP waste, either end-of-life (EoL) products or manufacturing rejects. Taking into account the actual and impending EU framework on waste management, in which clear targets are set with concrete measures to ensure effective implementation, landfill and incineration will be progressively unavailable as traditional end-routes for this kind of waste. Recycling techniques and end-use applications for the recyclates have been investigated over the past twenty years, but even so, more cost-effective and feasible market outlets for the recyclates should be identified that meet both the economic and the environmental points of view. This paper is aimed at enclosing and summarizing an update overview regarding all these issues: current legislation, recycling techniques and end-use applications for the recyclates. Additionally, as a case study, the assessment of the potential improvements that could be made on the eco-efficiency performance (sustainability) of a typical FRP composite materials’ industry by recycling and re-engineering process approaches is also reported.
RF Spectrum Sensing Based on an Overdamped Nonlinear Oscillator Ring for Cognitive Radios
Authors: Tang Zhi-Ling , Li Si-Min , Yu Li-Juan
Published: June 2016

Existing spectrum-sensing techniques for cognitive radios require an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to work at high dynamic range and a high sampling rate, resulting in high cost. Therefore, in this paper, a spectrum-sensing method based on a unidirectionally coupled, overdamped nonlinear oscillator ring is proposed. First, the numerical model of such a system is established based on the circuit of the nonlinear oscillator. Through numerical analysis of the model, the critical condition of the system’s starting oscillation is determined, and the simulation results of the system’s response to Gaussian white noise and periodic signal are presented. The results show that once the radio signal is input into the system, it starts oscillating when in the critical region, and the oscillating frequency of each element is fo/N, where fo is the frequency of the radio signal and N is the number of elements in the ring. The oscillation indicates that the spectrum resources at fo are occupied. At the same time, the sampling rate required for an ADC is reduced to the original value, 1/N. A prototypical circuit to verify the functionality of the system is designed, and the sensing bandwidth of the system is measured.
Robust Image Restoration for Motion Blur of Image Sensors
Authors: Yang Fasheng , Huang Yongmei , Luo Yihan , Li Lixing , Li Hongwei
Published: June 2016

Blind image restoration algorithms for motion blur have been deeply researched in the past years. Although great progress has been made, blurred images containing large blur and rich, small details still cannot be restored perfectly. To deal with these problems, we present a robust image restoration algorithm for motion blur of general image sensors in this paper. Firstly, we propose a self-adaptive structure extraction method based on the total variation (TV) to separate the reliable structures from textures and small details of a blurred image which may damage the kernel estimation and interim latent image restoration. Secondly, we combine the reliable structures with priors of the blur kernel, such as sparsity and continuity, by a two-step method with which noise can be removed during iterations of the estimation to improve the precision of the estimated blur kernel. Finally, we use a MR-based Wiener filter as the non-blind deconvolution algorithm to restore the final latent image. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm can restore large blur images with rich, small details effectively.
A Novel Multi-Sensor Environmental Perception Method Using Low-Rank Representation and a Particle Filter for Vehicle Reversing Safety
Authors: Zhang Zutao , Li Yanjun , Wang Fubing , Meng Guanjun , Salman Waleed , Saleem Layth , Zhang Xiaoliang , Wang Chunbai , Hu Guangdi , Liu Yugang
Published: June 2016

Environmental perception and information processing are two key steps of active safety for vehicle reversing. Single-sensor environmental perception cannot meet the need for vehicle reversing safety due to its low reliability. In this paper, we present a novel multi-sensor environmental perception method using low-rank representation and a particle filter for vehicle reversing safety. The proposed system consists of four main steps, namely multi-sensor environmental perception, information fusion, target recognition and tracking using low-rank representation and a particle filter, and vehicle reversing speed control modules. First of all, the multi-sensor environmental perception module, based on a binocular-camera system and ultrasonic range finders, obtains the distance data for obstacles behind the vehicle when the vehicle is reversing. Secondly, the information fusion algorithm using an adaptive Kalman filter is used to process the data obtained with the multi-sensor environmental perception module, which greatly improves the robustness of the sensors. Then the framework of a particle filter and low-rank representation is used to track the main obstacles. The low-rank representation is used to optimize an objective particle template that has the smallest L-1 norm. Finally, the electronic throttle opening and automatic braking is under control of the proposed vehicle reversing control strategy prior to any potential collisions, making the reversing control safer and more reliable. The final system simulation and practical testing results demonstrate the validity of the proposed multi-sensor environmental perception method using low-rank representation and a particle filter for vehicle reversing safety.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to High Throughput Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Pourmodheji Hossein , Ghafar-Zadeh Ebrahim , Magierowski Sebastian
Published: June 2016

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a non-contact, powerful structure-elucidation technique for biochemical analysis. NMR spectroscopy is used extensively in a variety of life science applications including drug discovery. However, existing NMR technology is limited in that it cannot run a large number of experiments simultaneously in one unit. Recent advances in micro-fabrication technologies have attracted the attention of researchers to overcome these limitations and significantly accelerate the drug discovery process by developing the next generation of high-throughput NMR spectrometers using Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS). In this paper, we examine this paradigm shift and explore new design strategies for the development of the next generation of high-throughput NMR spectrometers using CMOS technology. A CMOS NMR system consists of an array of high sensitivity micro-coils integrated with interfacing radio-frequency circuits on the same chip. Herein, we first discuss the key challenges and recent advances in the field of CMOS NMR technology, and then a new design strategy is put forward for the design and implementation of highly sensitive and high-throughput CMOS NMR spectrometers. We thereafter discuss the functionality and applicability of the proposed techniques by demonstrating the results. For microelectronic researchers starting to work in the field of CMOS NMR technology, this paper serves as a tutorial with comprehensive review of state-of-the-art technologies and their performance levels. Based on these levels, the CMOS NMR approach offers unique advantages for high resolution, time-sensitive and high-throughput bimolecular analysis required in a variety of life science applications including drug discovery.
Dispersion of Heat Flux Sensors Manufactured in Silicon Technology
Authors: Ziouche Katir , Lejeune Pascale , Bougrioua Zahia , Leclercq Didier
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we focus on the dispersion performances related to the manufacturing process of heat flux sensors realized in CMOS (Complementary metal oxide semi-conductor) compatible 3-in technology. In particular, we have studied the performance dispersion of our sensors and linked these to the physical characteristics of dispersion of the materials used. This information is mandatory to ensure low-cost manufacturing and especially to reduce production rejects during the fabrication process. The results obtained show that the measured sensitivity of the sensors is in the range 3.15 to 6.56 μV/(W/m2), associated with measured resistances ranging from 485 to 675 kΩ. The dispersions correspond to a Gaussian-type distribution with more than 90% determined around average sensitivity S e ¯ = 4.5 µV/(W/m2) and electrical resistance R ¯ = 573.5 kΩ within the interval between the average and, more or less, twice the relative standard deviation.
Relationship between vacA Types and Development of Gastroduodenal Diseases
Authors: Thi Huyen Trang Tran , Thanh Binh Tran , Yamaoka Yoshio
Published: June 2016

The Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is a secreted pore-forming toxin and a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. While VacA is present in almost all strains, only some forms are toxigenic and pathogenic. While vacA and its genotypes are considered as markers of H. pylori-related diseases or disorders, the pathophysiological mechanisms of VacA and its genotypes remain controversial. This review outlines key findings of publications regarding vacA with emphasis on the relationship between vacA genotypes and the development of human disease.
Processing of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases: Generation of Toxin Diversity and Enzyme Inactivation
Authors: Moura-da-Silva Ana , Almeida Michelle , Portes-Junior José , Nicolau Carolina , Gomes-Neto Francisco , Valente Richard
Published: June 2016

Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are abundant in the venoms of vipers and rattlesnakes, playing important roles for the snake adaptation to different environments, and are related to most of the pathological effects of these venoms in human victims. The effectiveness of SVMPs is greatly due to their functional diversity, targeting important physiological proteins or receptors in different tissues and in the coagulation system. Functional diversity is often related to the genetic diversification of the snake venom. In this review, we discuss some published evidence that posit that processing and post-translational modifications are great contributors for the generation of functional diversity and for maintaining latency or inactivation of enzymes belonging to this relevant family of venom toxins.
Assessment of Impacts of Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Transboundary Jhelum River Basin of Pakistan and India
Authors: Mahmood Rashid , Jia Shaofeng
Published: June 2016

Pakistan’s economy is significantly reliant on agriculture. However, Pakistan is included in the most water-stressed countries in the world, and its water resources are considerably vulnerable to climate variability and climate change. Therefore, in the present study, the water resources of the Jhelum River basin, which provides water to 6 million hectares of land of Pakistan and hydropower production, were assessed under the scenarios A2 and B2 of HadCM3. A hydrological model, Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), was set up, calibrated, and validated for the Jhelum basin, and then streamflow was simulated for three future periods: 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2099. The simulated streamflow of each period was compared with the simulated streamflow of the baseline period (1971–2000) to find the changes in the following indicators: mean flow, low flow, median flow, high flow, and center-of-volume dates (CVDs). The results of the study showed an increase of 10%–15% in the mean annual flow as compared to the baseline flow at the end of this century. Winter, spring, and autumn showed an increase in streamflow at most of the sites in all three periods. However, summer (the monsoon season in the basin) showed decreased streamflow at most of the sites. Maximum increase at Azad Pattan was projected in winter in the 2080s, with about 37%–39% increase in flow under both scenarios. Low and median flows were projected to increase, but a decline in high flow was detected in the future under both scenarios. It was also concluded that half of the annual flow in the basin will pass by the Azad Pattan site one week earlier than it does now. On the whole, the Jhelum basin would face more temporal and magnitudinal variations in high, low, and mean flows relative to present conditions. This shows that without a consideration of climate change impacts, proper utilization and management of water resources in the basin will be more difficult.
Les nouveaux défis du processus Onusien de consolidation de la paix en Haïti (New challenges to the UN Peacekeeping process in Haiti)
Authors: Di Razza Namie
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to assess the UN strategy of peacebuilding in Haiti, through the action of the MINUSTAH since 2004. The multidimensional peace operation tries to deal with all the sources of violence in Haiti, and to build the institutions and the rule of law. Though this integrated and ambitious approach seems relevant to implement the new standards of human security and positive peace, it would on the other hand be problematic for the integration of the basic human needs into the mission’s fields.
Frontière poreuse, État faible : les relations Haïti/République dominicaine à l’aune de la frontière (Porous border, weak State ? The relations between Haïti and the Dominican Republic seen from the border)
Authors: Redon Marie
Published: June 2016

L’enjeu de l’article est de mesurer la dépendance d’Haïti envers la République dominicaine à l’aune de la porosité de la frontière insulaire, frontière sur laquelle ce dernier Etat tente d’affirmer son contrôle. Selon l’échelle d’analyse, la dépendance se fait parfois interdépendance. Mais, au-delà de la relation avec le pays limitrophe, Haïti serait aussi symptomatique d’une forme d’instrumentalisation de la catégorisation même en «Etat fragile » . En effet, le terme d’Etat «fragile » semble désormais s’imposer dans les institutions internationales, et son application au cas haïtien parait révélateur d’une modalité spécifique d’inscription du pays dans la mondialisation. Les figures du militaire, du douanier, du contrebandier et du frontalier jalonnent l’approche des enjeux de cette frontière insulaire.
Les anciennes bases de l’OTAN en Lorraine : quelles réutilisations ? (Former NATO bases in Lorraine : how to reuse them ?)
Authors: Renard-Grandmontagne Colette
Published: June 2016

Lorraine was the French region with the largest number of NATO facilities. After the Allied Forces left, the re-use of these facilities has been uneven. Army bases have been used immediately for local development. Most air bases have been taken over by French air forces. However, a number of abandoned facilities have been ignored for decades. Almost all have become property of local governements and have become in recent years sites for various redevelopment projects, more or less elaborate, consuming large amounts of empty spaces.
Templated green synthesis of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in onion epidermal cells suitable for surface-enhanced Raman and hyper-Raman scattering
Authors: Espina Palanco Marta , Bo Mogensen Klaus , Gühlke Marina , Heiner Zsuzsanna , Kneipp Janina , Kneipp Katrin
Published: June 2016

We report fast and simple green synthesis of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in the epidermal cells of onions after incubation with AgNO3 solution. The biological environment supports the generation of silver nanostructures in two ways. The plant tissue delivers reducing chemicals for the initial formation of small silver clusters and their following conversion to plasmonic particles. Additionally, the natural morphological structures of the onion layers, in particular the extracellular matrix provides a biological template for the growth of plasmonic nanostructures. This is indicated by red glowing images of extracellular spaces in dark field microscopy of onion layers a few hours after AgNO3 exposure due to the formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanostructures generated in the extracellular space of onion layers and within the epidermal cell walls can serve as enhancing plasmonic structures for one- and two-photon-excited spectroscopy such as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface enhanced hyper-Raman scattering (SEHRS). Our studies demonstrate a templated green preparation of enhancing plasmonic nanoparticles and suggest a new route to deliver silver nanoparticles as basic building blocks of plasmonic nanosensors to plants by the uptake of solutions of metal salts.
Synthesis of highly functionalized 2,2'-bipyridines by cyclocondensation of β-ketoenamides – scope and limitations
Authors: Hommes Paul , Reissig Hans-Ulrich
Published: June 2016

The scope of a flexible route to unsymmetrically functionalized bipyridines is described. Starting from 1,3-diketones 1a–e, the corresponding β-ketoenamines 2a–e were converted into different β-ketoenamides 3a–g by N-acylation with 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid derivatives. These β-ketoenamides were treated with a mixture of TMSOTf and Hünig’s base to promote the cyclocondensation to 4-hydroxypyridine derivatives. Their immediate O-nonaflation employing nonafluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride provided the expected 4-nonafloxy-substituted bipyridine derivatives 5a–g in moderate to good overall yields. The bipyridyl nonaflates are excellent precursors for palladium-catalyzed reactions as demonstrated by representative Suzuki and Sonogashira couplings. Thus, a library of specifically substituted bipyridine derivatives was generated, showing the versatility of the simple 1,3-diketone-based approach to this important class of ligands.
Mapeamento de competências baseado em análise de agrupamentos
Authors: Sérgio Marina Carradore , Gonçalves Alexandre Leopoldo , Souza João Artur de
Published: June 2016

Na sociedade do conhecimento, o capital intelectual tornou-se um dos principais ativos empresariais intangíveis. A integração do conhecimento, das habilidades e atitudes intrínsecas ao indivíduo reflete no desempenho dos colaboradores no ambiente organizacional, influenciando diretamente no sucesso dos negócios e na manutenção da competitividade organizacional. Ao alinhar as competências dos colaboradores com os objetivos da organização, uma produtividade maior pode ser obtida. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um modelo para auxiliar na gestão por competências, utilizando a técnica de análise de agrupamento, visando mapear e descrever as competências, bem como identificar e gerir os perfis profissionais dos colaboradores. Com o auxílio das tecnologias existentes é possível aplicar técnicas para a extração de conhecimento e para a correta gestão do mesmo, potencializando-o em uma fonte de vantagem competitiva, capaz de evidenciar tendências e auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisão. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram uma revisão sistemática da literatura e a elaboração de um cenário com a coleta de 39 currículos de professores de um curso de Pós-graduação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, obtidos através da Plataforma Lattes. Por meio do cenário, foi possível avaliar e verificar que o modelo possui a capacidade de atingir resultados consistentes e satisfatórios no âmbito do entendimento de determinado domínio a partir de fontes de informação não estruturadas.
Tecnologias assistivas, cegueira e baixa visão, paralisia cerebral: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Felicetti Suelen Aparecida , Dos Santos Elaine Maria
Published: June 2016

Este artigo objetiva analisar algumas relações apresentadas na literatura dos últimos 8 anos sobre as Tecnologias Assistivas (TA) utilizadas para potencializar o desenvolvimento de habilidades funcionais de pessoas cegas, com baixa visão e com paralisia cerebral. Para isso, foram consultadas as bibliotecas virtuais, Portal de Periódicos da Capes e Scielo, e selecionados para análise artigos brasileiros relacionados com o objetivo. Observou-se que as TA são utilizadas principalmente para o desenvolvimento da linguagem, locomoção, habilidades motoras e estabilização motoras de ordem postural. Reflete-se a partir disso a existência de preocupação com as necessidades específicas em questão, o que é imprescindível para uma inclusão social que respeite os direitos desses indivíduos. Também, existe a necessidade de continuar investindo na área de modo a viabilizar o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias bem como realizar capacitação de profissionais e de usuários de TA. 
What bauxite strategy did French aluminium producers adopt?
Authors: Grinberg Ivan , Laparra Maurice , Mioche Philippe
Published: June 2016

La France a été le berceau de la bauxite. Jusqu’à la Première Guerre mondiale, elle domine largement le marché mondial grâce à l’importance de ses gisements en exploitation. Paradoxalement, les industriels français de l’aluminium, pourtant à la pointe du secteur, n’ont pas profité de ce quasi-monopole pour asseoir leurs positions sur la scène internationale. D’ailleurs, à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale, ce sont les producteurs étrangers qui développent leur emprise sur la bauxite française. Il faut attendre le milieu du XX e siècle pour que s’esquisse une stratégie « bauxite » dans les rangs de l’industrie française de l’aluminium. En fait, le principal producteur, AFC qui devient Pechiney en 1950, prend conscience de l’insuffisance, à terme, des réserves minières de la France pour faire face à ses besoins de croissance. D’abord, le groupe s’assure progressivement le contrôle des ressources nationales en bauxite. Surtout, s’ouvre le temps de l’expansion extérieure, d’abord en Afrique (Guinée) puis en Australie (Queensland). Cependant les résultats ne seront pas à la hauteur des ambitions. Au début des années 1970, force est de constater que la stratégie « bauxite » aura fait long feu, engloutie par les échecs des aventures outre-mer et les nouvelles priorités industrielles de Pechiney.
Intégrer la diversité des oppressions dans la Marche mondiale des femmes
Authors: Giraud Isabelle
Published: June 2016

Contrairement aux apparences, mettre en œuvre des pratiques et des discours réellement intégrateurs des multiples oppressions des femmes n’est pas un enjeu subalterne au sein des mouvements féministes. La Marche mondiale des femmes, mouvement transnational féministe, affirme cette volonté, fondée sur des principes de solidarité et de représentation de la diversité en son sein. Cependant, ce mouvement transnational hérite de la structure des rapports sociaux au sein des mouvements des femmes nationaux et des contenus discursifs des précédents compromis trouvés au niveau international, qui limitent encore la portée de ces efforts. Il développe néanmoins des stratégies intégratrices, notamment pour les jeunes avec une politique de présence, et pour les femmes racialisées, autochtones et immigrées, avec un discours intersectionnel assumé, stratégies permises et facilitées par la géographie des rencontres internationales et la montée de l’intersectionnalité dans la littérature académique.
La pensée féministe islamique à l’ère de la mondialisation : entre stratégie herméneutique et mobilisation transnationale
Authors: Hamidi Malika
Published: June 2016

Ces deux dernières décennies, la question du genre en islam s’est transformée en un véritable mouvement de pensée féministe islamique. À la fin des années 1980, nous assistons à l’émergence d’une nouvelle conscience féministe ancrée dans la tradition musulmane. Des intellectuelles musulmanes occidentales proposent une herméneutique féministe islamique pour une approche interprétative contextualisée des sources scripturaires. Certaines versions de ce nouveau discours ont été qualifiées de « féminisme islamique ». Pourtant, cette expression est contestée à la fois par quelques musulmans et féministes qui la considèrent comme opposée à leurs positions et idéologies respectives. Selon eux, le concept « féminisme islamique » serait contradictoire. Pourtant, c’est à partir d’une identité plurielle que ces intellectuelles musulmanes et engagées donnent une vigueur nouvelle à ce mouvement de réforme qui devient un enjeu majeur dans les sphères religieuses, politiques et intellectuelles dans le monde musulman comme en Occident à l’aube du XXI e siècle.
Une « dépolitisation » de l’action collective des femmes ? Réflexions croisées sur le Nicaragua et la Palestine
Authors: Lacombe Delphine , Marteu Élisabeth
Published: June 2016

L’article interroge, dans une perspective comparatiste Palestine/Nicaragua, les formes de politisation et de dépolitisation de l’action collective des femmes, à partir des acceptions indigènes et exogènes de ces notions, et d’une perspective empirique relative aux mobilisations féministes et de femmes dans chacun des deux pays. Il analyse les déplacements idéologiques et pratiques d’actions collectives dont les répertoires de mobilisation ont été réagencés sous l’effet de l’épuisement progressif des référents marxistes-léninistes, des recompositions de la conflictualité politique et de la part qu’y prend la violence, des adaptations stratégiques aux financeurs du développement. Il soutient enfin que loin de toute dépolitisation — terme parfois repris pour souligner le caractère déchu des utopies qui ont été à l’œuvre ou pour signaler l’effet d’institutionnalisation des groupes revendicatifs par la forme ONG — on assiste plutôt à de nouveaux rapports de force entre la quête de lissage des conflits par les financeurs externes des associations, et la recherche de modes d’agir radicaux.
Troubles dans la « race ». De quelques fractures et points aveugles de l’antiracisme français contemporain
Authors: Larcher Silyane
Published: June 2016

À partir d’une analyse de la réception fin 2014 en France de l’installation-spectacle, Exhibit B , de l’artiste Brett Bailey, visant à dénoncer le racisme, cet article montre l’émergence d’une crise du concept d’antiracisme autant dans l’espace des mobilisations sociales et politiques que dans le champ académique français, en particulier parmi les chercheurs faisant de la « question noire » une clé décisive de la critique sociale du racisme. De façon paradoxale, « l’affaire Exhibit B  » a mis en lumière combien une critique conséquente du racisme ne peut s’appuyer sur une interprétation étroitement descriptive de la ligne de couleur. Elle doit au contraire s’atteler à dévoiler les rapports de pouvoir et les logiques symboliques par lesquelles des individus sont produits in situ comme « Noirs » et « Blancs ». Surtout, l’émancipation des racisés ne peut faire l’économie d’une remise en cause des structures sociales d’ensemble grâce auxquelles des « raciseurs » aveugles et involontaires sont construits comme groupe homogène et socialement dominant. Enfin, l’article plaide, à propos du contexte français où l’universalisme républicain abstrait opère comme une norme sociale, pour une déconstruction de la question raciale qui interroge, au-delà du schème de la ligne de couleur, le schème essentialiste et « invisible » — inscrit dans une histoire coloniale ancienne — d’une ligne des mœurs .
Perceived transformational leadership, instructor behaviors, and motivation to learn: a mediated model
Authors: Smy Victoria , Shelton Katherine , Tombs Michal , Patrick John
Published: June 2016

La motivation à apprendre est un élément déterminant dans les indicateurs de l’efficacité d’une formation, et se traduire par exemple par : (i) une satisfaction accrue vis-à-vis de la formation, (ii) une augmentation de l’auto-efficacité, (iii) un renforcement de l’intention de transférer les compétences acquises ou (iv) une amélioration des connaissances déclaratives (Colquitt, LePine, amp; Noe, 2000). De la même manière, le leadership transformationnel améliore les attitudes et la performance des employés, en grande partie grâce aux effets de la motivation (Bass, 1999). Toutefois, étonnamment peu de recherches ont étudié dans quelle mesure le style de comportement transformationnel de l’instructeur peut, dans des contextes de formation, influencer les attitudes relatives à la formation ainsi que la réussite de cette formation. Un modèle a été développé pour étudier les relations entre les comportements de leadership de l’instructeur d’une part, et les attitudes des stagiaires d’autre part – dont leur motivation à apprendre. Des modèles structurels et des mesures ont été évalués sur la base de données recueillies auprès de 578 recrues militaires britanniques engagées dans leur première phase de formation. Les résultats montrent que la perception des stagiaires concernant le comportement de leadership transformationnel de leur instructeur est associée positivement à leur motivation à apprendre. Le leadership transformationnel de l’instructeur est également positivement associé aux attitudes des stagiaires concernant l’instrumentalité (Mathieu, Tannenbaum, amp; Salas, 1992) et la valence (c’est-à-dire le souhait de bien faire au sein de la formation – Colquitt amp; Simmering, 1998), ces attitudes médiatisant partiellement le lien entre le style de leadership transformationnel de l’instructeur et la motivation à apprendre. La validation croisée du modèle, faite à partir des données recueillies auprès des 371 stagiaires en formation spécialisée, a révélé le même pattern d’associations significatives. Ces résultats conduisent à incorporer la perception de l’instruction transformationnelle aux modèles théoriques de la motivation en situation de formation. Nos résultats ont également des implications pratiques dans la mesure où ils suggèrent que les interventions visant à faire adopter aux formateurs des comportements de leadership transformationnel devraient être utilisées pour améliorer la motivation des formés. De plus, ils confirment que les individus peuvent être entraînés à faire preuve d’un plus grand leadership transformationnel (par exemple, Dvir, Eden, Avolio, amp; Shamir, 2002).
Psychiatry's Role in Supporting Healthy Development in Gender Diverse Children
Authors: Sharon Nathaniel
Published: June 2016

Increasing numbers of transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) children are presenting for care in medical and behavioral health settings. Most providers have little to no training on how to assist patients, families, or medical colleagues with gender concerns. Despite a growing pool of multidisciplinary gender clinics nationwide, many communities lack competent psychiatrists to assist these children. Accessing care at gender clinics can be burdensome to families due to cost and distance. This article seeks to contribute to the competency of psychiatric providers who encounter TGNC children. Areas of focus include differences in sex and gender development, common clinical presentations, assessment for gender-related distress, and the role of psychiatry in provision of care for healthy gender development in TGNC young children and adolescents.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(6):355–360.]
Mental Health and the Transgender Population
Authors: Carmel Tamar C. , Erickson-Schroth Laura
Published: June 2016

Although research has increased remarkably in recent years, exploration of mental health disparities faced by transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) populations has historically been limited. TGNC people experience disproportionate rates of discrimination, harassment, violence, and sexual assault, precipitating negative mental health outcomes, as explained by the Minority Stress Model. Further research substantiates an increased risk of depression, substance use disorders, self-injury, and suicidal ideation/attempts in transgender populations. Studies are less conclusive with regard to rates of anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders, eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and personality disorders. Social and familial support are protective factors in this population.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(6):346–349.]
Kolb's Learning Style Inventory: A Review of Its Applications in Nursing Research
Authors: DeCoux Valerie M.
Published: June 2016

This article reviews the application of the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) in the examination of learning styles among nursing students, as reported in the current literature. In general, a lack of significant relationships between learning style and other variables was revealed in the research on nursing students. In addition, studies undertaken specifically to investigate the measurement properties of the LSI reported major criticisms which seem to have been ignored. In spite of numerous charges of serious instrument weakness, the Kolb LSI has become the most frequently used method of measuring learning styles among nursing students. Continued use of the Kolb LSI in nursing research or as an experiential technique is not recommended.

There has been a veritable deluge of research on learning styles among health professionals in recent years. Upon examination of the learning style literature, one finds a sometimes puzzling array of research. Not only are the terms “learning styles” and “cognitive styles” used almost indiscriminately, but also the sheer numbers of instruments used to measure these constructs are baffling. Nursing students are among the most frequently studied groups of health professionals with regard to the learning style construct. Unfortunately, the innumerable instruments used to measure this construct are strikingly dissimilar. Not only are the instruments' designs grossly disparate, but the theoretical constructs upon which they are based contain tenuous connections to one another (
Ferrell, 1983
;
Partridge, 1983
). Each instrument yields a predominant learning style or several strong modes of learning, but the categories for the most part are not similar.

The Kolb's LSI was the instrument used most frequently for measuring the learning styles of nursing students. In an effort to review research which lends itself to comparison and the generation of conclusions, this literature review examined those studies which measured the learning styles of nursing students using the Kolb LSI. An overview of Kolb's model of experiential learning and the LSI devised by Kolb to measure this construct follows.
The Socialization Process of Master's-Level Nurse Practitioner Students
Authors: Hupcey Judith E.
Published: June 2016

A national survey of final semester, graduate-level adult nurse practitioner students (n = 94) was undertaken to determine if they were being socialized into the role of a master's-prepared nurse practitioner and to identify factors which seemed to influence this socialization process. The results revealed that no factors relating to the students' backgrounds and almost none of those relating to their present educational experience were significantly influential on the students' expectations of nurse practitioner role behaviors. The educational factor, “opportunity to practice role behaviors,” statistically increased (
p
<.01) the expectations for selected master's role behaviors, suggesting that students need the opportunity to practice role behaviors to enhance the socialization process. The students also placed significantly greater importance (
p
<.01) on technical instead of master's role behaviors. This study demonstrates that graduate students may not be adequately socialized into the role of a master's-prepared nurse practitioner.
Against Spoofing Attacks in Network Layer
Authors: L. Kavisankar , C. Chellappan , E. Poovammal
Published: June 2016

In the context of network security, a spoofing attack is a condition in which one person or a program successfully masquerades as another. This is done by providing counterfeit data with the malicious intention of gaining an illegitimate advantage. Spoofing attack which may be generated in various layer of Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is discussed in this chapter. The chapter ends with discussing about the possible spoofing attacks in network layer and the relevant defense mechanism of the same. The detailed analysis and discussion is made on the spoofing attack over the Network layer because, Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks more devastating while using network protocol like Internet Protocol (IP) which have become more of a threat than ever for the past few years.
Cloud Crime and Fraud
Authors: Singh Nimisha
Published: June 2016

Changing trends in IT industry are opening new avenues. With the scalability, flexibility, and economic advantage offered by cloud computing, more and more organizations are moving towards cloud for their applications. With all the benefits of cloud computing, it poses a danger of digital crime and security breaches. These challenges are compounded by the fact that cybercrime and the transgressors transcend geographical boundaries while the law enforcement does not. This paper tries to focus on how cloud computing is rising to the challenges thrown in from cyber space and recent developments to avoid and mitigate cloud fraud and abuse. Taking counter measures at organizational level, will alleviate and up to an extent eliminate security breaches. With current knowledge on policy and standards adopted by developed nations, the policy makers and law enforcement agencies in developing countries can work towards formulating standards and guidelines for awareness on threats, vulnerabilities and effectiveness of security controls to respond to risk.
Mobile Malware
Authors: G. Geogen , E. Poovammal
Published: June 2016

Why should everyone know about mobile malware? With the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud, you can't survive in a disconnected world. Thus from your home appliances to your window curtains, everything is connected to Internet which can be accessed through your hand held mobile device. Unlike Personal Computers, these devices give Hackers a greater attack landscape. Back in 2004, when the first mobile malware was introduced, we never thought that it would get such a big threat space, as we see today. So, we discuss the History of Mobile malwares and its categories with its motives. We also discuss few signs that indicate the presence of a mobile malware. To conclude we categorize the battle against malware into two namely prevention and response, which is forensically analysed using Static/Dynamic Methods/Tools.
A Systematic Mapping of Security Mechanisms
Authors: RajaKumaran Gayathri , Venkataraman NeelaNarayanan
Published: June 2016

In the Internet Era, millions of computer systems are connected to the Internet and the number is increasing infinitely. Maintaining proper Control and configuration for all such networked systems has proved to be impossible. This loophole makes the Internet systems vulnerable to various type of attacks. The objective of this research is to systematically identify a wide list of attacks in transport, session and application layers (Host layers). 148 effective controls are identified for the security attacks in addition to the 113 standard controls. The identified controls are analyzed in order to map and categorize them to the corresponding security layers wise.
Understanding Anti-Forensics Techniques for Combating Digital Security Breaches and Criminal Activity
Authors: Marques Ricardo , Mota Alexandre , Mota Lia
Published: June 2016

This chapter deals with the understanding of techniques that are used to create damage to the expert in an investigative process. The name used for these techniques is called anti-forensics, whose mission is to conceal, remove, alter evidence, or make inaccessible a cybercrime. These techniques aim to make the work of the slower expert or difficult to reach a conclusion; however, this chapter will explore some techniques used as measures to subvert digital evidence through anti-forensic measures.
Visual Cryptography for Securing Images in Cloud
Authors: P Punithavathi , Subbiah Geetha
Published: June 2016

Images are becoming an inevitable part of knowledge in the modern day society. As data is growing at a rapid rate, costs involved in storing and maintaining data is also raising rapidly. The best alternate solution to reduce the storage cost is outsourcing all the data to the cloud. To ensure confidentiality and integrity of the data, a security technique has to be provided to the data even before it is stored on the cloud using cryptography. An attempt is made to explore the possibility of usage of visual cryptography for providing robust security to the secret image. Visual cryptography proves to be more efficient than other cryptography techniques because it is simple and does not require any key management technique.
Discourses and Theoretical Assumptions in IT Project Portfolio Management
Authors: Hansen Lars Kristian , Kræmmergard Pernille
Published: June 2016

These years increasing interest is put on IT project portfolio management (IT PPM). Considering IT PPM an interdisciplinary practice, this paper conducts a concept-based literature review of relevant articles across various research disciplines. It finds and classifies a stock of 107 relevant articles into four scientific discourses: the normative, the interpretive, the critical, and the dialogical discourses, as formulated by Deetz (1996). It finds that the normative discourse dominates the IT PPM literature, and few contributions represent the three remaining discourses, which unjustifiably leaves out issues that research could and most probably should investigate. In order to highlight research potentials, limitations, and underlying assumptions of each discourse, this paper develops four IT PPM metaphors. Its metaphors can be used by practitioners to articulate and discuss underlying and conflicting assumptions in IT PPM, serving as a basis for adjusting organizations' IT PPM practices.
Managing an Engineering Project
Authors: Rahman Nayem , Wittman Alexis , Thabet Sallam
Published: June 2016

This chapter provides an overview of the comprehensive process in creating a “Project Plan” for an engineering project. The authors discuss the challenges of project management tasks, tools, and methods used. They also discuss and compare other commonly used project planning practices and techniques. This chapter includes authors' experiences drawn from their careers and industries that are applicable to projects of this nature. They propose methodical approaches to handle a large, and complex engineering and construction project that takes several years to complete. The project selected is a hypothetical biomass engineering plant considered for this examination.
Managing Human Resources in Family Businesses
Authors: Gutiérrez-Broncano Santiago , Rubio-Andrés Mercedes , Estévez Pedro Jiménez
Published: June 2016

Although a lot of research has been carried out in the field of family businesses in recent years, not much of it has focused on human resource management. After compiling the major studies, both negative aspects (e.g. nepotism) and positive ones (e.g. employee commitment) have been identified. Therefore, the authors propose high-performance human resources practices to reduce the negative impact of family in business and boost the positive effects, increase their human capital, and achieve a competitive advantage in this field. Finally, the authors provide key insights for practitioners, family business owners, and managers, and they propose future research directions.
Project Management in IT Type University Spin-Offs
Authors: Szopa Anna , Jałocha Beata
Published: June 2016

Poor project management in IT companies, strong industry competition, and small firm fragility are some of the most often cited arguments to justify business failure. This chapter provides an integrated view of concepts involved in information technology project management in university spin-off companies. It includes a presentation of a success story of an IT university spin-off, which from the very beginning of its activity focused mainly on project management processes. The chapter explains how university spin-off organizational structure influences the project management process and discusses important methods and approaches that can determine IT spin-off successes.