bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genome sequence of the Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Ball Alex , Robertson Carolyn , Doubleday Molly ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: April 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Tetrao urogallus (the Western Capercaillie; Chordata; Aves; Galliformes; Phasianidae). The genome sequence is 1,013.2 megabases in length. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 39 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.68 kilobases in length.
Polacy w Régiment de la Tour d’Auvergne (1 Pułku Cudzoziemskim) armii napoleońskiej w latach 1806-1815
Authors: Olejniczak Andrzej
Published: April 2024

The military efforts of Poles during the Napoleonic era have been a favorite subject of scientific research and numerous studies. Units in which Poles constituted the majority, such as the Vistula Legion or the national formations of the Duchy of Warsaw even have their own monographs. However, there is little information and studies about Poles who participated in the Napoleonic wars but served under banners other than their own national ones, fighting in the ranks of the Napoleonic army. Scattered across many regiments or battalions, often of a foreign nature, there were at least hundreds of them. Only a few officers are occasionally mentioned in various studies, for example those related to prisoners of war. Thanks to a preliminary inquiry into French materials, it has been found that many citizens from the territories of the prepartitioned Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth joined the ranks of the French army without serving in the Duchy of Warsaw or units consisting of Poles. They were mainly volunteers – prisoners of war or deserters from occupying armies who, by joining French formations, primarily sought to alleviate their plight as prisoners. However, one cannot exclude, at least in a small percentage of them, patriotic motivations.
Korpus Okręg Baza. Zarys dziejów instytucji wojskowych w kompleksie przy ulicach Pretficza, Gajowickiej i Sztabowej we Wrocławiu
Authors: Gibasiewicz Andrzej
Published: April 2024

The article provides basic information about the complex of staff buildings at Pretficza/Gajowicka/Sztabowa Streets in Wrocław and presents the history of the establishment and functioning of the military institutions in this complex from the 19th century to the present.
Z dziejów przyjaźni polsko-ormiańskiej
Authors: Krzyżowski Tomasz
Published: April 2024

FROM THE HISTORY OF POLISH-ARMENIAN FRIENDSHIP: THE CASE OF MARIA GROCHOLSKA (1917-1989)

Maria Grocholska (1917-1989) played a significant role in Polish-Armenian cultural relations during the Soviet era. Born in St. Petersburg to a Polish family, she studied Russian philology and Armenian philology in Leningrad. Her studies continued in Yerevan from 1940 to 1945, and from 1945 to 1948 she worked there as Professor Gurgen Sewak’s assistant. After abandoning the completion of her doctoral studies, she worked in primary and secondary schools in Armenia, where she taught Russian and Armenian. From 1955 to 1960, she taught Russian at the Academy of Theology in Etchmiadzin. She was a fervent advocate of the Armenian language during the Russification era. In 1962, she translated into Armenian Bohdan Gębarski’s essay on the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire, titled List do starego tureckiego znajomego [A Letter to an Old Turkish Acquaintance], which resonated widely in Armenia. She also translated several literary works by Polish authors into Armenian, including Stanisław Lem’s well-known novel Solaris. She moved to Poland in 1969, where she taught Russian at a high school in Grodzisk Mazowiecki and assisted Bohdan Gębarski in translating literature from Armenian. Grocholska died in Warsaw. In March 1989, a solemn memorial service was held in Etchmiadzin in her honor performed by Catholicos Vazgen I.
O Ormianach w Jerozolimie (C. Mutafian, Jérusalem et les Arméniens: jusqu’à la conquête ottomane (1516), Les Belles Lettres, Paris 2022)
Authors: Pisowicz Andrzej
Published: April 2024

ON ARMENIANS IN JERUSALEM (CLAUDE MUTAFIAN, JÉRUSALEM ET LES ARMÉNIENS: JUSQU’À LA CONQUÊTE OTTOMANE (1516), LES BELLES LETTRES, PARIS 2022)

The review concerns an album publication by Claude Mutafian, a French-Armenian historian, about the Armenian past of Jerusalem until the beginning of the 16th century. The reviewer highly values the author’s research competence and the aesthetic and editorial aspects of the work. He also notes a few Polish accents, including a critique of the claim about German origins of the author of Descriptio Terrae Sanctae (1422), Johannes Poloner.
How Information Technology Overcomes Deficiencies for Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Closed Innovation vs. Open Innovation
Authors: Andrade-Rojas Mariana G. , Saldanha Terence J. V. , Kathuria Abhishek , Khuntia Jiban , Boh Waifong
Published: April 2024

Innovation is vital for the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, SMEs face deficiencies that hinder their innovation output. This study examines how information technology (IT) helps SMEs address two salient deficiencies: technological deficiency (deficiency in internal technical knowledge and skills) and government support deficiency (deficiency in favorable government policies and incentives). Our findings suggest that SME managers can achieve greater innovation output by orienting their IT-enabled innovation efforts in an open or closed manner to address specific deficiencies. They can address technological deficiency by focusing their IT efforts on promoting innovation within the firm, that is, using IT to support closed innovation. In contrast, SMEs that face government support deficiency should give preference to IT Use for Open Innovation Activities to collaborate with external constituents such as customers and suppliers. Furthermore, because of the emergence of digital platforms (e.g., crowdsourcing), managers may be overly biased toward the use of open innovation. Our results suggest that both open and closed IT-enabled innovation have value. We exhort SME managers not to disregard either form of IT-enabled innovation but rather to tailor their approach to suit their organizational context based on specific deficiencies that their firm faces.
Devoted but Disconnected: Managing Role Conflict Through Interactional Control
Authors: Conzon Vanessa M. , Huising Ruthanne
Published: April 2024

The ideal worker is represented as constantly available for work. However, an increasing number and variety of workers experience conflict between work and family demands. Research has identified numerous practices to manage this conflict with positive implications for non-work relationships, but the implications of these practices for work relationships remain unclear. How do efforts to manage role conflict affect workplace relationships? To examine this question, we draw on ethnographic data from 72 STEM workers across three organizations. We find that workers who experienced role conflict interpreted interactions in the workplace—often unpredictable in timing, frequency, and length—as a threat to fulfilling both their work and family roles on a daily basis. Thus, they controlled work interactions to make time for both work and non-work roles. However, interactional control limited their sense of workplace belonging and opportunities for resource exchange. In contrast, workers who did not experience daily role conflict encouraged interactions, allowing these encounters to expand across time. As a result, their work extended into evenings and weekends, and they experienced a sense of belonging and more regular resource exchange. We identify how interactional control practices manage role conflict but limit the development of workplace relationships. We also expand the repertoire of how devotion to work can be performed, identifying the occupied worker who expresses devotion through focused and efficient work and interactions rather than availability for work and interactions.
Satisficing in Dentistry. Who decides? Who benefits? Part 3
Authors: Kelleher Martin , Lewis Kevin
Published: April 2024

This series of articles challenges some popular myths about supposedly ‘ideal’ treatment plans and is designed to provoke reflection and stimulate debate. It explains the concept of ‘satisficing’ (as opposed to ‘maximizing’) in dentistry, and illustrates how subconscious bias and self-interests might lead supposed experts to promote arbitrary aspirational standards and confuse them with what the law expects (the Bolam Test standard) and what is genuinely in the best interests of an individual patient. It is argued that sound, patient-centred, pragmatic planning and treatment is equally valid, with wider applicability, than routinely defaulting to a self-serving ‘maximalist’ approach.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The ‘satisficing ‘concept has wide and profound application across many fields of clinical (and non-clinical) dentistry.
Dentifrices. Part 3: Dentifrice Recommendations
Authors: Valkenburg Cees , van der Weijden Fridus , Slot Dagmar Else
Published: April 2024

This article, the third in a series about dentifrices, emphasizes the essential role of dentifrices in oral healthcare, highlighting their contributions beyond mechanical plaque removal to include plaque inhibition and delivery of therapeutic agents. Despite the sometimes-limited impact on mechanical plaque removal, the importance of fluoridated dentifrices, must not be underestimated. The article reviews the effectiveness and safety of dentifrices, including the challenges posed by subjective clinical indices and potential allergenic ingredients. It discusses the potential of innovative dentifrice formulations to improve compliance and oral health outcomes. Additionally, it emphasizes the critical role of dental care professionals in recommending dentifrices based on safety and effectiveness rather than cosmetic claims or cost. Through an analysis of the literature and clinical guidelines, this work aims to guide healthcare providers in making informed decisions about dentifrice recommendations for optimal oral health.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentifrices are complex formulations that need to be proven effective in (clinical) trials and be appreciated by end users.
Human rights in social work: what we cannot not want – a response to Whelan and Flynn
Authors: Brockmann Oliver
Published: April 2024

In 2019, the removal of ‘human rights’ from Ireland’s CORU Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics ignited much opposition and campaigns for reinstatement. This short article responds to Whelan and Flynn’s assertion that alternatives to human rights should be sought, characterising the oppositional response and campaigns as lacking in sophistication. It is argued that human rights have much potential for critical and radical social work and must therefore be defended.
Political masculinities as an analytical category? Rethinking the concept
Authors: Starck Kathleen
Published: April 2024

This article critically reviews the concept of political masculinities that has been developed and applied across disciplines over the last ten years. I reflect on its future use across disciplines and, in particular, political science. In arguing for its continued utility, I suggest that, rather than existing as a category or configuration of gender practice, it acts as a useful lens through which to view the variably implicit and explicit practice of gendered power relations. This allows us to navigate what has been recognised as the ‘multifariousness and decentredness’ of different categories or configurations of gender practice and makes the varying politicalness of these practices visible as a basis for equitable gender change. In developing the concept further, I define what is ‘political’ in political masculinities and examine its relation to other categories or configurations of masculinity practices, such as hegemonic, dominant, marginalised and subordinate masculinities.
Striving for control over migrant labour and lives: Indonesian factory workers in Taiwan
Authors: Dinkelaker Samia
Published: April 2024

This article explores how Indonesian factory workers in Taiwan strive to regain control over time, space, meaning, and dignity in the face of their exploitation, precarity, and racialisation. Drawing on ethnographic insight, I investigate migrant workers’ subjective practices both inside and outside their workplaces. The major contribution to labour mobility regime analysis lies in conceptualising how migrant workers exert agency on an everyday level, beyond formal labour organising. The focus on the everyday brings me, on the one hand, to labour processes at different Taiwanese workplaces that employ migrant workers. On the other, it brings me to the sphere of daily reproduction, that is, time outside waged labour. The article speaks to the central concern of this themed issue, namely theorising the role of social reproduction within labour mobility regimes, as I address the inseparable spheres of production and reproduction as sites of control and agency. I show that, on the shopfloor, Indonesian migrant workers’ practices of regaining control often remain individualised. It is in the sphere of daily reproduction where Indonesian factory workers organise collectively. The workers’ practices are rich and creative, but at the same time they are ambiguous and can result in consent, compliance, or conflict with capital’s attempt to seek profit from migrant labour. Nevertheless, they reveal migrant workers’ interests and desires as well as a (subtle) refusal of their conditions and of the control over their work and lives. This refusal defies victimising representations of migrant labour and paternalistic approaches to migrant workers’ protection.
Using a broadband long-wavelength channel to increase the capture range of segment piston phase retrieval for segmented-aperture systems
Authors: Tang Joseph S. H. , Fienup James R.
Published: April 2024

Segmented-aperture systems, such as the James Webb Space Telescope
(JWST), require fine piston alignment between primary mirror segments.
Computer simulation experiments show that using a broadband
long-wavelength channel, illustrated with the Mid Infrared Instrument
(MIRI) onboard the JWST, can extend the capture range of segment
piston phase retrieval significantly (in the case of JWST with MIRI,
up to hundreds of microns), greatly reducing the requirements on
coarse phasing.
Laser cleaning of dirty grease on steel sluice cables
Authors: Fang Guisheng , Pang Jianjun , Wu Daming , Pan Yehang , Zhao Wei
Published: April 2024

Steel cables used to raise sluices require a layer of corrosion-resistant grease, which must be periodically replaced. It is time-consuming and laborious, and conventional manual cleaning, mechanical cleaning, and chemical cleaning methods have many drawbacks. In this paper, a nanosecond pulsed fiber laser is used to clean hardened surface grease from such cables. An experimental system was designed to study the effects of parameters such as the laser power, scanning speed, cleaning frequency, and defocusing amount. Macroscopic and microstructural observations were conducted on the surfaces of steel cables before and after cleaning using cameras, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. With the optimal parameters, laser cleaning can effectively remove hardened grease from steel cable surfaces without damaging the galvanized layer and the steel wire matrix. Ablation, gasification, and evaporation are the main mechanisms by which grease and dirt are removed. This study lays a foundation for optimizing the laser cleaning of steel sluice cables at work sites.
Compact auto-aligning interferometers with picometer precision
Authors: Lin Xiang , Qiu Peng , Liang Yurong , Yan Hao
Published: April 2024

This research introduces a compact, auto-aligning interferometer engineered for measuring translations with a wide angular working range and picometer precision above 1Hz. It presents a design ensuring automatic beam alignment during movement through secondary reflection from a corner reflector. The sensor head, a 20×10×10mm3 all-glass quasi-monolithic structure, exhibits a displacement sensitivity below 1pm/Hz1/2 above 1Hz and a wide angular working range of ±200mrad. This versatile optical design holds promise to improve the sensitivity in applications such as laser ranging, optical seismometers, precision manufacturing, and metrology.
Estimating the time-evolving refractivity of a turbulent medium using optical beam measurements: a data assimilation approach
Authors: Nair Anjali , Li Qin , Stechmann Samuel N.
Published: April 2024

In applications such as free-space optical communication, a signal is often recovered after propagation through a turbulent medium. In this setting, it is common to assume that limited information is known about the turbulent medium, such as a space- and time-averaged statistic (e.g., root-mean-square), but without information about the state of the spatial variations. It could be helpful to gain more information if the state of the turbulent medium can be characterized with the spatial variations and evolution in time described. Here, we propose to investigate the use of data assimilation techniques for this purpose. A computational setting is used with the paraxial wave equation, and the extended Kalman filter is used to conduct data assimilation using intensity measurements. To reduce computational cost, the evolution of the turbulent medium is modeled as a stochastic process. Following some past studies, the process has only a small number of Fourier wavelengths for spatial variations. The results show that the spatial and temporal variations of the medium are recovered accurately in many cases. In some time windows in some cases, the error is large for the recovery. Finally, we discuss the potential use of the spatial variation information for aiding the recovery of the transmitted signal or beam source.
Long-term measurement and characterization of boundary layer optical turbulence
Authors: Jellen Christopher , Nelson Charles , Brownell Cody , Burkhardt John
Published: April 2024

The United States Naval Academy long-term scintillation measurement campaign was a multi-year effort to characterize optical turbulence in the near-maritime atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). At its core, the field experiment consists ofin situmeasurements of bulk atmospheric and oceanographic parameters, as well as path-averaged measurements of the refractive index structure parameter,Cn2, collected using a large-aperture scintillometer. The field experiment ran from January 1st, 2020, through September 26th, 2023, representing the most comprehensive collection of optical turbulence measurements in the near-maritime ABL to date. Long-term measurements enable researchers to evaluate existing theory and develop new models applicable to this environment. The present study characterizes some of the physical relationships that affect optical turbulence. This characterization focuses on the relationship between local optical turbulence and select atmospheric and oceanographic parameters. The impact of temperature gradients on the extent of optical turbulence was analyzed, along with its interactions with relative humidity and wind speed. The diurnal and seasonal variations in measuredCn2were examined, with comparisons drawn against other environments. Further information and the full dataset are publicly available through the optical turbulence benchmark repository [Jellenet al., GitHub, 2023].
High-resolution, broad-spectral-range Raman measurement using a spatial heterodyne spectrometer with separate filters and multi-gratings
Authors: Chu Qihang , Sun Yuqi , Yu Shuo , Sun Ci , Jirigalantu  , Song Nan , Li Fuguan , Li Xiaotian , Bayanheshig
Published: April 2024

We propose a high-resolution, broad-spectral-range spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS) having separate filters and multi-gratings (SFMG). A prototype of the SFMG-SHRS is built using multi-gratings with four sub-gratings having groove densities of 320, 298, 276, and 254 gr/mm and separate filters with filter bands corresponding to the sub-gratings. We use the SFMG-SHRS to measure the Raman spectra of inorganic and organic compounds with various integration times, laser power, and transparent containers, compare measurements of microplastics with and without the separate filters, and measure mixtures of inorganic powders and organic solutions. The designed SFMG-SHRS makes high-resolution, broad-spectral-range Raman measurements with improved signal-to-noise ratios and visibility of weak Raman peaks even in the presence of fluorescence.
Equalization of RGB coupling efficiencies of metasurface waveguide coupler by adjusting imaginary part of refractive index
Authors: Duan Ruqing , Gu Diyang , Liang Chenhui , Xia Lele , Chen Hang , Chen Yuan , Yang Liu
Published: April 2024

Optical metasurfaces offer high-efficiency and flexible wavefront shaping for near-eye displays, especially in wideband waveguide couplers accommodating RGB primary colors. By leveraging the resonance characteristics of sub-wavelength periodic nanostructures, metasurfaces surpass the limitations of traditional optics that rely on multiple components and mediums. In this study, we propose adjustment of the imaginary parts of the material refractive indices as a new method to achieve balanced first-order diffraction efficiencies among RGB colors over a wide field of view (FOV) in an in-coupling metasurface waveguide coupler. Physical mechanism is investigated deeply and systematically in theory. It is found that nanostructure resonances deflect the wavefront and Poynting vector, significantly enhancing first-order diffraction efficiency, while resonance-enhanced absorption plays a crucial role in balancing the diffraction efficiency of RGB primary colors. First experimental demonstration well confirms the practical feasibility of this method and a uniform first-order diffraction efficiency of approximately 20% is achieved among RGB colors across a FOV as large as ∼30° over a single-piece glass substrate. This research provides insights into the design and mechanisms of metasurface waveguide couplers, advancing our understanding of metasurface-based RGB displays and facilitating further advancements in this field.
Phase demodulation method of high line density grating interferometric signal based on wavelet transform
Authors: Xie Zhangning , Jin Tao , Lei Lihua , Lin Zichao , Xue Dongbai , Dun Xiong , Deng Xiao , Cheng Xinbin
Published: April 2024

The increasing line density of the reference grating and the accelerating miniaturization of ultra-precision displacement measurement technology necessitate more stable interferometric signal processing methods for high line density gratings, particularly in low signal-to-noise ratio scenarios. This paper presents a phase demodulation method for dynamic interferometric signals for high line density gratings. The Morlet wavelet transform is utilized to obtain the instantaneous frequency of the interferometric signal, integration of which yields the relative displacement, while adding adjacent relative displacements without gaps provides the absolute displacement during dynamic motion of the grating. In simulations with a signal-to-noise ratio ranging from 40 to 70 dB, the proposed method demonstrates greater robustness compared to the traditional method. By establishing a platform for repeated experiments and comparing it with traditional methods, it was found that the maximum deviation between calculation results obtained using this method and traditional methods is 0.8 nm, further confirming its potential application.
Underwater biomimetic orientation method using imaging polarization sensor based on direct sunlight compensation
Authors: Li Guangmin , Zhang Ya , Fan Shiwei , Yu Fei
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses the challenge of significant interference caused by direct sunlight, which adversely affects the orientation accuracy of underwater imaging polarization sensors (IPS). A novel underwater polarization orientation method is proposed based on direct sunlight compensation. Firstly, based on the polarization transmission model at the water-air interface, the interference mechanism of the underwater direct sunlight polarization detection model was analyzed. The underwater IPS detection model based on direct sunlight compensation is constructed, which uses the weight coefficient of underwater direct sunlight to compensate for the interference on the polarization channel and improve the accuracy of underwater polarization detection models. Furthermore, the analytical solution method for the polarization state information of underwater IPS is proposed, employing the augmented Stokes vectors to construct a linear equation for solving the weight coefficients of direct sunlight and improving the computational efficiency. Finally, an underwater polarization orientation experimental platform is established, and both simulation and actual underwater experiments are conducted. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed method reduces heading error by an average of 92.53% at different solar altitudes.
Encoding independent wavefronts in a single metasurface for high-order optical vortex recognition
Authors: He Kai , Ning Tigang , Li Jing , Zheng Jingjing , Pei Li , Wang Jianshuai
Published: April 2024

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of vortex beams has great potential in optical communications due to its communication confidentiality and low crosstalk. It is necessary to design a plausible OAM pattern recognition mechanism. Abandoning AI models that require large datasets, a single passive all-dielectric metasurface consisting of TiO2 nanopillars on a SiO2 substrate is used to recognize high-order optical vortexes. In this configuration, the proposed device is capable of simultaneously encoding the wavefront and the transmission paths in different incident OAM beams. Due to the presence of spin angular momentum (SAM), the vortex beam to be identified is spatially separated after passing through the metasurface. As a proof of concept, 14 signal channels are considered in the constructed metasurface, 12 of them can be encoded at will for the detection of any vortex beam with a predefined topological charge. These results make use of metasurfaces to enable OAM pattern recognition in an effective way, which may open avenues for the ultimate miniaturization of optical vortex communication and advanced OAM detection technologies.
Evaluation and correction of laser scattering-based particle size measurements at high obscurations using the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Su Geyi , Sun Cunjin , Zhang Shiwei , Fan Fengxian , Su Mingxu
Published: April 2024

High turbidity and its associated multiple scattering phenomena can often lead to an underestimation of the particle size for the laser scattering method. To investigate the light scattering characteristics and evaluate the effect of high-obscuration particle systems, a Monte Carlo model has been developed based on Mie’s theory. A compact setup was utilized to perform a series of experiments on three certified reference materials (CRMs) at different concentrations. Both the scattered light energy distribution and the obscuration were measured simultaneously. The inversion results of the particle size indicate a continuous increase in deviation from the nominal value as the obscuration rises. According to the conventional single scattering model, the inversion errors fall within 5% for obscuration levels ranging from 0.15 to 0.2. However, for a higher obscuration, the error can reach approximately 15%. Thus, a correction method has been proposed by introducing an improved model matrix that includes the multiple scattering contribution for the data inversion, which exhibits a significant enhancement in the accuracy of particle size measurements under high obscuration conditions. For all three types of particles being studied, the error was successfully reduced to within 5.0%.
Propagation constant-based diameter measurement technique for a submicrometer-scale optical fiber
Authors: Liu Yushen , Kadoya Shotaro , Michihata Masaki , Takahashi Satoru
Published: April 2024

Diameter is a critical parameter for determining the physical properties of a submicrometer optical fiber and requires an accurate measurement. In this study, we proposed, to our knowledge, a novel diameter measurement technique derived from the waveguide theory, utilizing the pitch of a standing-wave near-field light generated by two counter-propagating lights within the submicrometer optical fiber. In a submicrometer optical fiber, the propagating light extends into the surrounding air as near-field light, existing within a range approximately equivalent to one wavelength from the surface of the fiber. By generating the standing-wave near-field light with the incident lights from both ends of the fiber, the pitch of the standing-wave near-field light can be measured by scanning along the fiber’s central axis with a scanning near-field optical microscopy probe. The fiber diameter is subsequently acquired by solving the optical fiber eigenvalue equation. Based on the feasibility verification experiment, a high-precision measurement of approximately 0.50 µm was realized for the diameter of the optical fiber.
Statistical properties for an optically injected chaotic semiconductor laser with a high-pass filter
Authors: Liang Shiyu , Li Pu , Cai Qiang , Li Qizhi , Zhang Jianguo , Qin Yuwen , Wang Yuncai
Published: April 2024

Chaotic waveforms with Gaussian distributions are significant for laser-chaos-based applications such as random number generation. By exploring the injection parameter space of the optical injection semiconductor lasers, we numerically investigate the associated probability density functions of the generated chaotic waveforms when different high-pass filters with different cutoff frequencies are used. Our results demonstrate that the chaotic waveforms with Gaussian probability density functions can be obtained once the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter is larger than the laser relaxation resonance frequency. Especially, we find that the Gaussian probability density function can reach a superhigh coefficient of determination R2 ≥ 99.5% and an ultralow skewness |S|<0.1 in a large parameter space by jointly controlling the injection parameter and cutoff frequency.
Optimizing focus: switchable modes and sub-diffraction spots in inverse circular Airy beams
Authors: Chen Lai , Tao Chengjian , Wang Li-Gang
Published: April 2024

We report an experimental investigation into the tight-focusing characteristics of linearly polarized inverse circular Airy beams (ICABs). Our study reveals that tightly focused ICABs exhibit Bessel-like, needle-like, or dual foci profiles depending on whether the main ring’s radius is smaller than, equal to, or larger than the critical radius. The emergence of the dual foci structure is attributed to the constrained entrance aperture of the microscope objective (MO). In contrast to traditional Gaussian beams (GBs), ICABs demonstrate remarkable advantages in terms of focal spot size. Notably, we observe a focal spot with a size of 245 nm, representing a 26.4% reduction compared to the diffraction limit. These unique properties open up promising avenues for potential applications in optical multi-plane particle trapping, conveying, and super-resolution optical imaging.
Instantaneous preparation of gold-carbon dot nanocomposites for on-site SERS identification of pathogens in diverse interfaces
Authors: Guo Yanxian , Liu Ye , Luo Chaocai , Zhang Yue , Li Yang , Zhou Fei , Guo Zhouyi , Zhuang Zhengfei , Liu Zhiming
Published: April 2024

Rapid detection of pathogens present on contaminated surfaces is crucial for food safety and public health due to the high morbidity and mortality of bacterial infections. Herein, a sensitive and efficient method for on-site identification of foodborne pathogens on anisotropic surfaces was developed by using an in situ instantaneously prepared surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform. To achieve this, molybdenum-doped gallic acid-derived carbon dots (MCDs) are utilized as the reductant for synthesizing Au@MCDs nanohybrids within just 3 s at ambient temperature. The synergistic effect of the electromagnetic enhancement and charge transfer of Au@MCDs enables excellent SERS performance 10 times stronger than bare Au NPs. The bioassay platform requires less than 5 min to complete the quantitative detection of foodborne pathogens on various microbial-contaminated interfaces with a sensitivity of 10 CFU/mL. This innovative strategy breaks the long-standing limitations of SERS substrates in practical use, such as the time-consuming process, interference of residual surfactants, poor surface stability, and few application scenarios, providing a promising tool for widespread applications in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.
Superconducting single-photon detector with a speed of 5  GHz and a photon number resolution of 61
Authors: Zhang Tianzhu , Huang Jia , Zhang Xingyu , Ding Chaomeng , Yu Huiqin , Xiao You , Lv Chaolin , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Zhen , You Lixing , Xie Xiaoming , Li Hao
Published: April 2024

Rapid detection and discrimination of single photons are pivotal in various applications, such as deep-space laser communication, high-rate quantum key distribution, and optical quantum computation. However, conventional single-photon detectors (SPDs), including semiconducting and recently developed superconducting detectors, have limited detection speed and photon number resolution (PNR), which pose significant challenges in practical applications. In this paper, we present an efficient, fast SPD with good PNR, which has 64 paralleled, sandwiched superconducting nanowires fabricated on a distributed Bragg reflector. The detector is operated in a compact Gifford–McMahon cryocooler that supports 64 electrical channels and has a minimum working temperature of 2.3 K. The combined detector system shows a functional nanowire yield of 61/64, a system detection efficiency of 90% at 1550 nm, and a maximum count rate of 5.2 GHz. Additionally, it has a maximum PNR of 61, corresponding to the operating nanowires. This SPD signifies a substantial improvement in quantum detector technology, with potential applications in deep-space laser communication, high-speed quantum communication, and fundamental quantum optics experiments.
Machine learning for healthcare that matters: Reorienting from technical novelty to equitable impact
Authors: Balagopalan Aparna , Baldini Ioana , Celi Leo Anthony , Gichoya Judy , McCoy Liam G. , Naumann Tristan , Shalit Uri , van der Schaar Mihaela , Wagstaff Kiri L.
Published: April 2024

Despite significant technical advances in machine learning (ML) over the past several years, the tangible impact of this technology in healthcare has been limited. This is due not only to the particular complexities of healthcare, but also due to structural issues in the machine learning for healthcare (MLHC) community which broadly reward technical novelty over tangible, equitable impact. We structure our work as a healthcare-focused echo of the 2012 paper “Machine Learning that Matters”, which highlighted such structural issues in the ML community at large, and offered a series of clearly defined “Impact Challenges” to which the field should orient itself. Drawing on the expertise of a diverse and international group of authors, we engage in a narrative review and examine issues in the research background environment, training processes, evaluation metrics, and deployment protocols which act to limit the real-world applicability of MLHC. Broadly, we seek to distinguish between machine learning ON healthcare data and machine learning FOR healthcare—the former of which sees healthcare as merely a source of interesting technical challenges, and the latter of which regards ML as a tool in service of meeting tangible clinical needs. We offer specific recommendations for a series of stakeholders in the field, from ML researchers and clinicians, to the institutions in which they work, and the governments which regulate their data access.
Exploring perspectives and insights of experienced voyagers on human health and Polynesian oceanic voyaging: A qualitative study
Authors: Mau Marjorie K. Leimomi Mala , Stotz Sarah A. , Minami Christina Mie , Kane Haunani Hiʻilani , Crabbe Kamanaʻopono M. , Guth Heidi Kai
Published: April 2024

Background

The Worldwide Voyage (WWV) was a 3-year (2014–2017) open-ocean voyage to circumnavigate the world using Indigenous knowledge and navigational skills aboard Hōkūleʻa, a traditionally designed Native Hawaiian (NH) voyaging canoe (waʻa kaulua). Each WWV segment included experienced crew and leadership who were recognized by their voyaging peers as highly experienced in Polynesian oceanic voyaging. This study explored the perceptions and insights of WWV-experienced ocean voyagers on the interconnection between human health and oceanic voyaging.

Methodology

A constructivist approach with a storytelling-based moderator guide was used to conduct focus groups and informant interviews of experienced crew and voyaging leadership. Participants were interviewed and recorded transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Triangulation of analysis included secondary thematic review by two independent NH cultural practitioners and participant member checking. Purposive sampling was used to enroll 34 of 66 eligible highly experienced voyagers (leadership n = 6; crew n = 28) in 5 focus groups and 4 informant interviews.

Results

Six themes emerged: 1) Indigenous context (spiritual and natural environment); 2) Importance of relationships and community; 3) Description of life on the canoe; 4) Holistic health; 5) Mindfulness, stress reduction and emotional health; and 6) Opportunities for intervention. Themes 1–5 were inductive and intricately interrelated, and theme 6 was deductive in that it directly resulted from a moderator guide question. Theme 6 offers strategies to improve the impact of voyaging and health well beyond the physical voyage with recommendations for improved transition back to land and developing a waʻa community context, which reflects a traditional voyaging experience.

Conclusions

Polynesian oceanic voyaging is strongly perceived as a positive and transformative holistic-health-promoting experience.

Significance

Recommendations to promote generalizable health benefits of a voyaging lifestyle offers a promising and culturally grounded approach warranting future studies to understand mechanism and potential impact for improving health inequities.
Mediation effects of basic psychological needs and motivation among coach leadership style on the subjective well-being of adapted sports athletes’ members of the special olympics
Authors: Domingues Ana , Santos Jorge , Batista Marco , Serrano João , Honório Samuel , Petrica João
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Subjective well-being has numerous indicators of global well-being, however, the most important are life satisfaction and attachments, which can be both positive and negative. The leadership of the coach is an integral part of the process that cares for the relationship of the athlete and coach, where the coach has a fundamental role on the athlete, and consequently on his subjective well-being.

Objective

The study has the purpose to analyse if and in what way the Basic Psychological Needs—relationship, autonomy and social relationship (mediator 1, M1) and the autonomous motivation (mediator 2, M2) mediate the relationship of the variables of democratic style (independent variable, X) with subjective well-being–life satisfaction and positive attachment (dependent variable, Y).

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, participated 94 athletes with Intellectual and Developmental Difficulty (IDD), aged between 11 and 63 years (ẋ = 32.6 ± SD = 13.8 years) of both genders. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple serial mediation models, using the macro PROCESSforSPSS, version 3 (model 6), using thebootstrap methodwith 10000 samples.

Results and Conclusions

There is a mediation effect between those of basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation, exercised between the democratic leadership profile of the coach and the subjective welfare of the athlete. On the other hand, autocratic style has a significant direct effect on the increase in basic psychological needs and controlled motivation. However, the democratic style is more consistent in this type of analysis. Our results reinforce the importance of promoting a democratic leadership style on the part of the coach in their athletes, enhancing a direct effect on life satisfaction and positive attachment in athletes adapted with IDD members of the Special Olympics.
Location, speciation, and quantification of carbon in silica phytoliths using synchrotron scanning transmission X-ray microspectroscopy
Authors: Negrao Djanira R. , Cezar Julio C. , Montoro Fabiano E. , Wang Jian , Rice Charles W. , Driemeier Carlos E.
Published: April 2024

Phytoliths of biogenic silica play a vital role in the silicon biogeochemical cycle and occlude a fraction of organic carbon. The location, chemical speciation, and quantification of this carbon within phytoliths have remained elusive due to limited direct experimental evidence. In this work, phytoliths (bilobate morphotype) from the sugarcane stalk epidermis are sectioned with a focused ion beam to produce lamellas (≈10 × 10 μm2 size, <500 nm thickness) and probed by synchrotron scanning transmission X-ray microspectroscopy (≈100–200 nm pixel size; energies near the silicon and carbon K-absorption edges). Analysis of the spectral image stacks reveals the complementarity of the silica and carbon spatial distributions, with carbon found at the borders of the lamellas, in islands within the silica, and dispersed in extended regions that can be described as a mixed silica-carbonaceous matrix. Carbon spectra are assigned mainly to lignin-like compounds as well as to proteins. Carbon contents of 3–14 wt.% are estimated from the spectral maps of four distinct phytolith lamellas. The results provide unprecedented spatial and chemical information on the carbon in phytoliths obtained without interference from wet-chemical digestion.
The Architecture of Suspense: The Built World in the Films of Alfred Hitchcock by Christine Madrid French
Authors: Deutelbaum Marshall
Published: April 2024

Review of: The Architecture of Suspense: The Built World in the Films of Alfred Hitchcock by Christine Madrid French

The Wrong House: The Architecture of Alfred Hitchcock by Steven Jacobs
Derecho penal y protección de género: la discriminación del género femenino como fundamento de herramientas criminales
Authors: Pastrano Mancayo Andrés Javier , Riveros Pardo Daniel Felipe , De Assis Neto Nilson Dias
Published: April 2024

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo, a partir del análisis histórico, comprender cómo el Derecho Penal se ha convertido en una construcción contrafáctica indispensable en la lucha contra la violencia contra la mujer. Es decir, a partir de una investigación del desarrollo histórico del tratamiento del género femenino y de un estudio del concepto y de las características de género, objetivamos verificar si está justificada la instrumentalización del Derecho Penal como herramienta en el control de la violencia contra la mujer. En tal estudio, verificamos la compatibilidad de finalidades del Derecho Penal (prevención especial y general) y las garantías internacionales (no repetición)4.
Innováció a vállalati teljesítmény, versenyképesség és export tükrében
Authors: Dobos Anett
Published: April 2024

Az innováció szerepe a vállalati teljesítmény és versenyképesség kutatásában egyre nagyobb figyelmet kap, a vállalatoknak a hazai és nemzetközi piacokon is újítaniuk kell, ha versenyben akarnak maradni. Kevés figyelem irányul azonban az erőforrások felhasználásától a nemzetközi piacokra való eljutásig tartó folyamat áttekintésére. A szakirodalmi áttekintés eredménye egy modell, amely tartalmazza az innovációs aktivitásokat, az azokat megelőző képesítő tényezőket; illetve azokat a hatásokat, amelyek befolyásolják a vállalatok innovációs aktivitását vagy eredményeit. A modell részeként a szerző részletesen áttekinti az innováció hatását a vállalati teljesítményre, versenyképességre és exportra, valamint a piaci verseny és külpiacra lépés innovációra gyakorolt hatását.
Effects of Metacognitive Awareness on Senior High School Reading Comprehension in English at Medina College Science High School
Authors: LaBad Ryann
Published: April 2024

This investigation aimed to find out the effects of metacognitive awareness of senior high school students’ reading comprehension in English of Medina College Science High School during the school year 2018 – 2019. The descriptive survey method was used in answering the major problems and its corollary sub-problems. The proficiency levels of the male students on the metacognitive skills were found to be average in noting details in pictures, following printed directions, and getting the meaning of the paragraph. It was also found out that female students obtained above average on the following reading comprehension skills such as noting details in pictures, getting the meaning of phrases, following printed directions, getting the meaning of sentences, getting the meaning of paragraphs, and sequence events as they happen. There is a significant difference between the male and the female students’ proficiency level in metacognitive skills along noting details in pictures, getting the words, following printed directions, getting the meaning of sentence, getting the meaning of paragraph, noting details in the selection, and sequencing events as they happen in the story. The male students’ proficiency level was only average while the female students showed above average proficiency. The significant relationship between the metacognitive skills proficiency level and the scholastic performance profile of the Grade 11 and Grade 12 students should be examined carefully by the teachers so that relevant provisions could be introduced for upgrading the students’ proficiency levels on reading comprehension skills which would help improve and enrich students’ scholastic performance profiles.