bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Dermatosis Topical Therapy
Authors:   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Zagrtdinova R.M. ,   Republican Skin and Venereal Clinic of the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic, Izhevsk, Lyashenko N.V. , Bagautdinova M.V.
Published: January 2021

In the complex treatment of skin diseases, the important place is given to topical therapy, which has high efficiency and minimal side effects. At the same time, the leaders of such therapy are glucocorticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors and emollients. The article provides examples of effective topical therapy of various dermatoses using methylprednisolone aceponate and calcineurin inhibitors, as well as emollients containing polyunsaturated omega-3-6-9 fatty acids. The latter are important components for basic skin care for patients with dermatoses.
Use of Inositols in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors:   Inozemtsev Academy of Medical Education, Saint-Petersburg, Pustotina O.A.
Published: January 2021

The article presents key data on the physiology of inositols in the body, their pathogenetic role in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome, and the possibilities of myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol in the restoration of ovarian function, metabolic parameters, and overcoming of infertility.
Fetoplacental Angiogenesis in Preeclampsia. Clinical and Morphological Aspects
Authors: Sakvarelidze N.Yu. , Tsakhilovа S.G. , Muradova V.S. , Zharkov N.V. ,   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Zikova A.S. , Nasredinova V.V.
Published: January 2021

Purpose. To study placental angiogenesis in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE), based on a comparison of the results of a clinical examination and a morphometric study of sequins with this pathology. Material and methods. In the present work, we studied 30 pregnant women with PE, whose average age was 29 ± 1.4 years. The pregnant women were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 21) consisted of pregnant women with PE, among whom 10 patients were within 34 weeks of gestation, and 11 – at 34–39 weeks. Group II (n = 9) – control group, with physiological pregnancy. The inclusion criteria were: singleton pregnancy, the presence of preeclampsia according to the ICD-10 classification, the patient's voluntary informed consent to the study. Exclusion criteria: extragenital pathology, multiple births, congenital malformations of the fetus. There were no significant differences in somatic and gynecological status among pregnant women in the surveyed groups. Results. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors, VEGF R1 and VEGF R2, are of priority importance in the development of placental angiogenesis. The balance of interaction between VEGF and R1 and R2 receptors leads to adequate vascularization of the villi in the early stages of trophoblast invasion into the spiral arteries of the uterus. Conclusion. As a result of the morphological study, it can be assumed that hemodynamic parameters according to Doppler and angioarchitectonics of the placentas are an important factor in the pathogenesis of placental insufficiency and fetal growth retardation. In the absence of disturbances in uteroplacental-fetal hemodynamics, endothelial dysfunction should be considered as compensated, in which favorable perinatal outcomes are expected. Structural changes in the fetoplacental complex with impaired blood flow in the uterine arteries and umbilical cord arteries in PE are regarded as subcompensated and decompensated forms of placental insufficiency
Use of methenamine hippurate to prevent urinary tract infections in community adult women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bakhit Mina , Krzyzaniak Natalia , Hilder Joanne , Clark Justin , Scott Anna Mae , Mar Chris Del
Published: January 2021

Background

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often treated with antibiotics and are a source of antibiotic overuse.

Aim

To systematically review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adult women in the community with a history of recurrent UTIs and who use methenamine hippurate prophylactically.

Design and setting

Systematic review of women in the UK, Australia, Norway, and US (aged ≥18 years) with recurrent UTIs receiving methenamine hippurate against placebo or no treatment, and antibiotics.

Method

The authors searched three databases, clinical trial registries, and performed forward–backward citation analysis on references of included studies.

Results

Six studies involving 557 participants were included (447 were analysed). Of the six studies, five were published and one was an unpublished trial record with results, three compared methenamine hippurate against placebo or control, and three compared methenamine hippurate with antibiotics. For the number of patients who remained asymptomatic, methenamine hippurate showed a non-statistically significant trend of benefit versus antibiotics over 12 months (risk ratio [RR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40 to 1.07, I2 49%), versus control over 6 or 12 months (RR 0.56, 95% CI = 0.13 to 2.35, I2 93%), and a non-statistically significant trend versus any antibiotic for abacteruria (RR 0.80, 95% CI = 0.62 to 1.03, I2 23%). A similar non-statistically significant trend of benefits for methenamine hippurate for the number of UTI or bacteriuric episodes was found, and a non-statistically significant difference in the number of patients experiencing adverse events between methenamine hippurate and any comparator, with a trend towards benefit for the methenamine hippurate, was identified. Antibiotic use and resistance were not consistently reported.

Conclusion

There is insufficient evidence to be certain of the benefits of methenamine hippurate to prevent UTI. Further research is needed to test the drug’s effectiveness in preventing UTIs and as an alternative for antibiotic treatment for UTI.
Anatomical Modeling of Brain Vasculature in Two-Photon Microscopy by Generalizable Deep Learning
Authors: Tahir Waleed , Kura Sreekanth , Zhu Jiabei , Cheng Xiaojun , Damseh Rafat , Tadesse Fetsum , Seibel Alex , Lee Blaire S. , Lesage Frédéric , Sakadžic Sava , Boas David A. , Tian Lei
Published: January 2021

Objective and Impact Statement. Segmentation of blood vessels from two-photon microscopy (2PM) angiograms of brains has important applications in hemodynamic analysis and disease diagnosis. Here, we develop a generalizable deep learning technique for accurate 2PM vascular segmentation of sizable regions in mouse brains acquired from multiple 2PM setups. The technique is computationally efficient, thus ideal for large-scale neurovascular analysis. Introduction. Vascular segmentation from 2PM angiograms is an important first step in hemodynamic modeling of brain vasculature. Existing segmentation methods based on deep learning either lack the ability to generalize to data from different imaging systems or are computationally infeasible for large-scale angiograms. In this work, we overcome both these limitations by a method that is generalizable to various imaging systems and is able to segment large-scale angiograms. Methods. We employ a computationally efficient deep learning framework with a loss function that incorporates a balanced binary-cross-entropy loss and total variation regularization on the network’s output. Its effectiveness is demonstrated on experimentally acquired in vivo angiograms from mouse brains of dimensions up to 808×808×702 μm. Results. To demonstrate the superior generalizability of our framework, we train on data from only one 2PM microscope and demonstrate high-quality segmentation on data from a different microscope without any network tuning. Overall, our method demonstrates 10× faster computation in terms of voxels-segmented-per-second and 3× larger depth compared to the state-of-the-art. Conclusion. Our work provides a generalizable and computationally efficient anatomical modeling framework for brain vasculature, which consists of deep learning-based vascular segmentation followed by graphing. It paves the way for future modeling and analysis of hemodynamic response at much greater scales that were inaccessible before.
Environmentally safe measures for regulating the number of harmful organisms in peach (Persica vulgaris Mill.) orchards
Authors:   M.F. Sydorenko Melitopol Research Fruit Growing Station of IH of NAAS of Ukraine, Nagorna L.V. , Yudytska I.V. ,   M.F. Sydorenko Melitopol Research Fruit Growing Station of IH of NAAS of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

According to the results of the researches in 2016-2018, the display terms and intensity of the major peach diseases development changes from year to year and depends mainly on the weather conditions that in the south of Ukraine are favorable for the mass spread and development of Taphrina deformans Tull., Clacterosporium carpophilum (Lev.) Aderh. and Monilia cinerea Bonord. The leaves affection by Taphrina damage appeared to be 35.0-56.3 %, the intensity of the disease development being 22.4-23.4 %; Clacterosporium – 16.5 and 5.4 %, Monilia – up to 15.0 %. When studying the species composition of the peach entomocomplex, 6 major pests were detected among insects as follows: Anarsia lineatella Zell., Archips rosana L., Grapholitha molesta Busck, Lithocolletis cerasicolella H.S, Sciaphobus squalidus Gyll. and Brachycaudus tragopogonis Kalt. Lepidoptera prevailes (67 %) among them. Other species of pests (17 %) belong to the rows Coleoptera and Homoptera. The complex application of the chemical (Bordeaux Isagro, 20 % Copper Sulphate, 5.0 kg/ha) and a mixture of the biological preparations (Trichodermin, 2.0 l/ha, Planriz, 1.0 l/ha, Pentofag, 5.0 l/ha, Gaupsin, 3.0-5.0 l/ha, Lepidocide, 10 l/ha) at the beginning of the bud swell, and before and after the peach flowering, proves to protect reliably the orchards against harmful organisms. The technical efficiency of the above mentioned preparations against the main diseases and dominant pests 63.0-89.0 and 50.0-94.0 % respectively.
Determination of the dates of the sweet cherry (Cerasus avium Moench.) trees dormant period completion and beginning of flowering
Authors:   M.F. Sydorenko Melitopol Research Fruit Growing Station of IH of NAAS of Ukraine, Odyntsova V.A.
Published: January 2021

The author presents the results of evaluating the phenoclimatographic models application for determining the dates of the sweet cherry trees dormant period completion and beginning of flowering in the soil and climatic conditions of the South Steppe of Ukraine as well as the effect of the external factors (maximum and minimum air temperature), as the models parameters for the generative buds growth and development. The limit values of the phenoclimatographic indicators were established: CU (chill unit) required for the cultivar Krupnoplidna dormant period completion and GDH (growing degree hour) specified for the beginning of flowering. In order to emerge from the mentioned period completion cherries need to accumulate – 1350 оС CU, and for the beginning of flowering – 4839 оС GDH. The dates of the biological dormancy completion and flowering were based on these limit values of CU and GDH. The validation of the models by comparing the calculated and actual dates of the flowering beginning in the orchard showed that their divergence was in the range from 0 to 3 days. That is indicative of the high prediction accuracy of these dates. The intensity of the generative buds development appered depend on their physiological state, which was influenced significantly by the environment temperature conditions, first of all, maximum and minimum air temperature. After the accumulation of 43 % of the GDH limit index the period of the accelerated growth processes rate in the buds began which lasted just until the beginning of of the sweet cherry trees flowering. This occursed mainly in the period with positive air temperatures. The studies showed the possibility of using the phenoclimatographic indicators limit values: CU – for the selection of varieties with the late time of the dormant period completion, and GDH a criterion of the plant resistance to the negative effect of the spring frosts.
Evaluation of drough-resistance of the red and white currаnt varieties (Ribes vulgare L.) by the method of the tissues electric conductivity determination
Authors:   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenko Ya. , Yareshchenko O. ,   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

Red and white currants are characterized with the high adaptability to growing conditions such as soils, temperatures in the cold season, insolation. However, the important factor influencing the formation of high quality crop is the water regime. The climate of Ukraine is changing, that causes an uneven distribution of temperatures and precipitations during the growing season. As a result, there are periods of prolonged droughts with temperatures above +35 °С. In such periods, are observed the appearance of the sun-burn spots on the leaves and berries mass loss and as well loss of 50 % of the crop due to fruit falling. Therefore, it is important to establish experimentally the level of the red and white currants drought-resistance in order to create industrial plantations in the Western Lisosteppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted at the Institute of Horticulture (NAAS) in the red and white currants plantations in 2010-2012 and 2018. The objects of the investigation were 18 varieties and 4 promising hybrid forms. For studying the vs drought-resistance, leaves were selected from the annual shoots in the most drought periods of June and July. The relative electrical conductivity and its change were determined by means of the conductivity meter E 7-13. The measurements were carried out after 1 and 4 hours of exposure of the diffused sunlight. The electrical conductivity changes were determined as a percentage of baseline values. The analysis of the obtained data shows that electrical conductivity level of the red and white currant leaf apparatus at the beginning of the exposure and dynamics reduction of this indicator has a clear varietal specificity and can be used successfully to diagnose the plants` state in the plantations in droughty periods. The results of the stimulated drought enable to divide the 22 studied objects according to the results into several groups that differ concerning the drought resistance level. Thus, the significant resistance to drought potential is characteristic of the variety Svyatomykhailivska and hybrid form 85-1-5. The vs and hybrid forms Baiana, Dar Orla, Darnytsia, Rosynka, Uliublena, Svitlytsia, Uralskaia Belaia, 85-6-25, 83-28-9, 85-1-5 are drought-resistant. Bielka, Vatra, Gazelle, Dana, Orlovskaia Zviezda, Vyborova, Lasunia and Asia are medium drought-resistant.
Perspective varieties blackberry (Rubus L.) for growing under the conditions of the North-East Lisosteppe of Ukraine
Authors:   Sumy Experimental Horticulture Station, NAAS of Ukraine, Rybna T.V.
Published: January 2021

Growing blackberries and raspberry is a very important issue today. More and more horticulturists want to have these crops in their orchards. Blackberry is useful because it contains a large number of vitamins, nutrients, and many acids. It belongs to the bushes that bloom for many years. Blackberry begins flowering early in summer and bloom until the heat. At the same time it gives much higher yield than raspberry. It has large and heavy juicy berries. As compared to raspberry blackberry is more stable and durable. However, this plant requires more carefully and cautious care. It is one of the three world leaders after blueberry and raspberry in terms of the production growth,. There are about 300 varieties of cultivated blackberry, the best of which are English ones. In order to select the best varieties for cultivation in the North-Eastern Lisosteppe of Ukraine the research was conducted on the basis of the Sumy Research Station of Horticulture IH NAAS. It was possible to identify blackberry cvs that have certain advantages among other varieties in the list of the studied ones on the basis of phenological, quantitative and qualitative observations. Thus, during 2 years of the investigations, one of such varieties was the blackberry one Natchez, which proved to be the best in the terms of quantity and quality, as well as resistance to diseases and pests. It can be recommended for growing in industrial and amateur orchards of the North-Eastern Lisosteppe of Ukraine. The morphology of Natchez makes it possible without distinction to distinguish the cv among other varieties. Concerning yield and fruit size, Natchez ranks first among other subjects in the region.
Substanion of the design and technological parameters of the rotary cultivator for the soil tillage in the orchard round-of-stem and inter stem belts
Authors:   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Sokolov V.O. , Pryvalov I.S. ,   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kornuta Yu.P. ,   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Tymoshok I.V. ,   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

The purpose of our researches was to increase the efficiency and quality of the soil tillage in the intense orchard round – of stem and inter stem belts and to decrease the process energy intensity by means of the improvement of the technology and technological means of carrying out this operation. The authors analyzed the existing technologies and technical means of the soil management in the orchard – of – stem and inter stem belts, presented the main drawback of the existing rotary cultivators with the vertical rotation axis that makes it impossible to manage inter stem belts in sensed intense orchards and chosen the investigations direction. The major above mentioned rotary cultivator parameters were substantiated for the soil management in the above named orchard belts. The program of the laboratory and field explorations was developed as well as the methods of conducting them and design documentation. The novelty and design peculiarity of the rotary cultivator construction were substantiated as well as the designation and principle of the action of its working tools. The cultivator experimental sample was made. The requirements to carrying out its testing were elaborated, the principal duality indicators determined as well as of its work efficiency. The cultivator laboratory and field testing was conducted. Its design scheme was presented as well as the total air in the operation. The main technical and technological indices of the rotary cultivator work were established as a result of the timekeeping observations. The preliminary calculations showed that the labour productivity when the above mentioned belts tilling with the studied cultivator increased by 1,2-2 times as compared to the hand – operated cultivation. The rotary cultivator work reliability was evaluated. After the extensive checking up under the productional conditions and corresponding additional works the cultivator may be recommended to be introduced into production.
Structural and spatial organization of the microbial biom of the rhiosphere of plants of eternal green such (Buxus sempervirens L.)
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences, Veretiuk S.V. , Patyka T.I. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences, Patyka N.V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences, Boiko M.V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences
Published: January 2021

The features of the formation of the structural and spatial organization and biodiversity of the microbial complex of the rhizosphere of plants of the evergreen boxwood (Búxus sempervírens L.) in closed ground are considered. The abundance of the main taxonomic groups of microorganisms of the evergreen boxwood rhizosphere: bacteria, micromycetes, and actinomycetes has been estimated. According to the soil microorganisms population structure results, was established that the quantitative indicators of boxwood rhizospheric microorganisms depends on the physiological state and age of the plants. It has been investigated that the rhizosphere of boxwood is characterized by an insignificant variety of bacterial and fungal microflora. It was shown that the number of bacteria in plant ontogenesis increases from 2.09 ± 0.37 to 4.90 ± 0.62 million/g of soil (10-year-old plants). There is a dynamics of an increase in the number of micromycetes by more than 10 times (2.16 ± 1.22 – 2 year olds; 20.24 ± 2.55 – 4 year olds; 25.94 ± 3.24 thousand CFU/g – 10 year olds) and actinomycetes – 2.4 times (1.87 ± 0.03 million CFU/g). When analyzing the qualitative composition and cultural and morphological properties of isolates of rhizosphere microorganisms of evergreen boxwood, dominant forms were identified that are assigned to representatives of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizopus and Trichoderma.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN REWARD DAN KOMITMEN PROFESIONAL AUDITOR TERHADAP NIAT MELAKUKAN WHISTLEBLOWING
Authors:   Universitas Hasanuddin, Haliah Haliah , Nirwana Nirwana ,   Universitas Hasanuddin, Mangngalla’ Muliani ,   Universitas Hasanuddin
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh pemberian reward dan komitmen profesional auditor terhadap niat melakukan whistleblowing. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden. Penyebaran kuesioner dilakukan secara online dengan mengirimkan link kousioner dalam bentuk google form kepada responden. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai pada Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP) Perwakilan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Sulawesi Barat dengan jumlah sampel yang diterima sebeasr 21 sampel. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pemberian reward berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat melakukan whistleblowing, sedangkan variabel komitmen profesional auditor tidak berpengaruh terhadap niat melakukan whistleblowing. Hasil estimasi regresi menunjukkan kemampuan prediksi model dengan 20% sedangkan sisanya 80 % dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar model penelitian.
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS IN TEACHING ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
Authors: Kissová Olga
Published: January 2021

The objective of the work is the application of contrastive approach in teaching English to analyse the pros and cons of the contrastive method in teaching foreign language pronunciation to young learners compared to non-contrastive (monolingual) method used at our Slovak primary schools. This article determines the dominant influence of the learner’s mother tongue/native language (L1) in the process of learning/teaching pronunciation foreign/second  language (L2) and by using contrastive approach tries to enhance positive transfer from the L1 and the reduction of possible negative transfer from L1 to L2 using appropriate teaching techniques and effective tools. The study will be carried out on English language non-native teachers working at a public and private Slovak primary school to find out their needs in the field of teaching pronunciation (questionnaires) and will be focused on quasi-experimental pupils’ group trained separately with and without contrastive approach before recording them and analysing the results. The experimental group will be trained in cognitive contrastive approach concerning segmental, suprasegmental and prosodic phonetics systems comparing Slovak and English languages sound systems. The control group will be trained by using imitative-intuitive ways with the same texts in reading and free speaking topics as the first group. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques will be used in the study and the triangulation of research methods will be finished by contend analyses of mainly used English textbooks which are mail regular sources for learning/teaching pronunciation.

The most important will be the practical output for teachers and pupils in creating specially designed pronunciation concerned materials for meeting specific needs of our Slovak primary school level determining the influence and interference of Slovak mother tongue in learning/teaching pronunciation.
THE INSTANCE OF ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR ORGANIZATION IN DESIGN WORKFLOWS
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Voit Nikolai N.
Published: January 2021

This paper describes an instance of the analytical model of project workflows on the example of the project approval procedure in the design and technological preparation of production, developed on the basis of data from a large radio engineering industrial organization. This instance helps a system analyst, including a design engineer, process engineer, and designer, in the field of business process management to identify system errors (for example, the location of deadlocks, bottlenecks, etc.) when analyzing the existing (synthesizing new) project work flows in the basis of graphic languages, for example, UMLlanguage, BPML-language, IDEF0-language, etc. This article is one of the follow-ups works on the methodology for processing design workflows in the basis of graphic languages.
LOGISTIC SUPPORT FOR OPERATION OF COMPUTER-AIDED TOOLS OF THE SPECIFIC-APPLICATION CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors:   FRPC JSC ‘RPA ‘Mars’, Piatakov Anatolii I. , Beresnev Iurii I. ,   FRPC JSC ‘RPA ‘Mars’, Moiseev Aleksandr I. ,   FRPC JSC ‘RPA ‘Mars’, Kalnikov Vladimir V. ,   FRPC JSC ‘RPA ‘Mars’
Published: January 2021

Complicating functions of computer-aided tools of specific application control systems prioritize the task of keeping a highdegree alert performed by the operations services in the presence of component failures. Besides its primary function, the operations service provides the logistic support, maintenance and repair, storage, etc. Thus, it includes all the functions of the logistic support system. The article deals with such problems of the logistic support as planning, preparing and delivery of spare parts used to repair and recover systems. The authors analyzed customer’s requirements, which ensure stable operation of the specific application computer-aided systems. They discovered that one of activities intended to meet the customer’s requirements is preparing spare parts, which provide the operational onsite repair. Currently there are no governing documents specifying the procedure of spare parts preparation. The article proposes an approach to preparing optimal quantity of spare parts based on failure statistics over the past period and forecasting the number of possible failures over the planned period of time. The authors propose the widely-known method of exponential smoothing as a forecast model, which allows giving an unbiased estimate both for stationary time series, and for polynomial ones. Keywords: logistic support, operation of computer-aided tools, spare parts, preparation of optimal quantity of spares, forecasting of line time series, exponential smoothing.
Design of a highly reliable nonvolatile flip-flop incorporating a common-mode write error detection capability
Authors: Natsui Masanori , Yamagishi Gensei , Hanyu Takahiro
Published: January 2021

Nonvolatile flip-flop (NVFF) is an important component for implementing an energy-efficient logic large-scale integration (LSI) circuit that utilizes nonvolatile memory (NVM) function of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices. NVFF must be highly reliable in data store and restore operations for nonvolatile power gating. This study proposes an NVFF that can detect arbitrary errors occurring when storing data to the embedded NVM caused by the stochastic behavior of MTJ devices. The performance evaluation results show that the proposed NVFF can detect arbitrary error conditions, including the unsupported condition in the previously proposed reliable NVFF, while maintaining comparable performance to a conventional condition in normal flip-flop operations.
Influences of hydrogen ion irradiation on NcVsi
− formation in 4H-silicon carbide
Authors: Narahara Takuma , Sato Shin-ichiro , Kojima Kazutoshi , Hijikata Yasuto , Ohshima Takeshi
Published: January 2021

Nitrogen-vacancy (NCVSi
−) center in 4H-SiC is spin defect with near-infrared luminescence at room temperature and a promising candidate for quantum technologies. This paper reports on NCVSi
− center formation in N-doped 4H-SiCs by hydrogen ion irradiation and subsequent thermal annealing. It is revealed photoluminescence for NCVSi
− centers suddenly appears above the fluence of 5.0 × 1015 cm−2 when annealed at 1000 °C. Appearance of a threshold fluence for their formation and/or activation has not been observed for other energetic particle irradiations. The possible mechanism is discussed based on the kinetics of hydrogen-related complexes and the majority carrier depletion caused by irradiation induced damage.
Effect of post-annealing on the significant photoresponsivity enhancement of BaSi2 epitaxial films on Si(111)
Authors: Haku Yurika , Aonuki Sho , Yamashita Yudai , Toko Kaoru , Suemasu Takashi
Published: January 2021

We demonstrated the marked photoresponsivity enhancement of BaSi2 epitaxial films by 5 min post-annealing at 850 °C–1000 °C in contrast to those at 600 °C–800 °C. Post-annealing at 1000 °C increased the photoresponsivity up to 9.0 A W−1 at a wavelength of around 800 nm under a bias voltage of 0.5 V applied between the top and bottom electrodes. The hole concentration decreased monotonously with annealing temperature from 8.3 × 1016 to 5.4 × 1015 cm–3, and the mobility exceeded 1000 cm2 V–1 s–1. The a-axis orientation of the BaSi2 films was significantly deteriorated at temperatures higher than 800 °C.
Current-induced magnetization switching in a chemically disordered A1 CoPt single layer
Authors: Chen Zehan , Liu Lin , Ye Zhixiang , Chen Zhiren , Zheng Hongnan , Jia Wei , Zeng Qi , Wang Ning , Xiang Boyuan , Lin Tao , Liu Jing , Qiu Mingxia , Li Shunpu , Shi Ji , Han Peigang , An Hongyu
Published: January 2021

We report the first demonstration of current-induced magnetization switching in a perpendicularly magnetized A1 CoPt single layer. We show that good perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be obtained over a wide composition range of A1 Co1−xPtx single layers, which allows the fabrication of a perpendicularly magnetized CoPt single layer with a composition gradient that breaks the inversion symmetry of the structure. By fabricating a CoPt single layer with a gradient, we were able to evaluate spin-orbit torque (SOT) efficiency and successfully realize SOT-induced magnetization switching. Our study provides an approach for realizing current-induced magnetization in ferromagnetic single layers without attaching SOT source materials.
Study of surface roughness of lifted-off epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN layers for the n-DBR mirror of a III-nitride vertical-cavity surface emitting laser
Authors: Gandrothula Srinivas , Kamikawa Takeshi , Speck James S. , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven P.
Published: January 2021

In this work, we propose using the low defect density wing region arising from epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) for the development of Group III-nitride flip-chip vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). The ELO wing is intended to be incorporated within the VCSEL cavity, supporting the n-side distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror, and must therefore be very smooth. We measure the surface morphology of the interface surface of the ELO material after separation from the growth substrate, finding that the interface roughness changes with the composition and thickness of the ELO mask. Sub-nanometer surface roughness suitable for the placement of the DBR mirror is achieved using mask layers terminating in Si3N4, or via 300 nm thick sputtered SiO2.
Magnetic Levitation Transportation Technologies as an Innovative Infrastructure Framework for the Formation of Global Eurasia
Authors: Tsvetkov V. A. , Zoidov K. Kh. , Medkov A. A.
Published: January 2021

The presented study determines the prospects for implementing and spreading transportation technologies based on the principles of magnetic levitation as an innovative infrastructure framework for the formation of Global Eurasia.

Aim. The study aims to determine and analyze the mutual influence of integration processes in the formation of Global Eurasia and the spread of transportation technologies based on the principles of magnetic levitation within this space, particularly along the North-South line, as the foundation for socio-economic, industrial, and technological priority development of the region’s countries.

Tasks. The authors reveal the limited applicability of the traditional principle of wheel-rail movement in modern reality; indicate the undesirability and impossibility of blindly copying magnetic levitationbased movement projects implemented abroad; consider vacuum-levitation transport systems (VLTS) as innovative infrastructure projects that are too radical, excessive in quality, expensive to implement, and limited in the scope of application; determine the undesirability factors of priority development of passenger Maglev transport over cargo transport; systematize the competitive advantages and implementation problems of the North-South high-speed cargo transit highway project and the technological competitive advantages of the open Maglev system.

Methods. This study uses the methods of system analysis, theory of techno-economic paradigms, manufacturing-technological balance of the economy, evolutionary-institutional theory, and worldsystem analysis.

Results. The authors verify the hypothesis that the mutual influence of integration processes in the formation of Global Eurasia and the spread of transportation technologies based on the principles of magnetic levitation within this space, particularly along the North-South line, serve as a foundation for socio-economic, industrial, and technological priority development of the region’s countries, allowing them to become global leaders in the future.

Conclusions. The study proves that adaptation and localization of production of advanced traditional high-speed highway systems based on the wheel-rail principle in Russia will not change the catchingup nature of development of the country’s transit transport system. It also shows that transportation by Maglev trains combines the advantages of both mass modes of transport and high-speed movement. This type of transportation is therefore attractive to customers who use a combination of the maritime fleet or traditional railways and air transport. The authors emphasize the need for mass production and distribution of Maglev technology and its application over long distances, which will help to achieve economies of scale, develop manufacturing and technological competencies, ensure operational safety, and provide a sufficient number of spare parts and components.
Key Drivers and Barriers for the Mobilization of Institutional Investment in Climate-Related Projects
Authors: Nikulina S. I.
Published: January 2021

The presented study focuses on the problem of increasing the participation of institutional investors in climate finance.

Aim. The study aims to identify key drivers and barriers for increasing the participation of institutional investors in climate finance.

Tasks. The author considers the transformation of the concept of the fiduciary debt of institutional investors; examines international efforts to address climate risks and mobilize institutional investment in low-carbon projects; analyzes factors preventing wider engagement of institutional investors in climate finance.

Methods. This study used general scientific methods of cognition, such as synthesis and analysis.

Results. The transformation of the concept of the fiduciary debt of institutional investors is described and its modern interpretation is provided. Factors facilitating the consideration of climate risks and increasing the role of institutional investors in climate finance are identified. The main barriers to considering climate change issues in the investment decisions made by institutional investors are identified.

Conclusions. Common approaches to financial policies and regulations are being actively developed at the international level to help mobilize institutional investment in climate change projects. Credible international structures in the field of responsible investment, such as PRI, have a significant influence on the way investors address climate-related risks and opportunities when making decisions. Along with the drivers for institutional investment, numerous barriers still remain.
Classroom enjoyment and anxiety among Saudi undergraduate EFL students: does gender matter?
Authors: Bensalem Elias
Published: January 2021

The current study was motivated by recent interest in the effect of positive and negative emotions in the context of foreign language learning resulting from the rise of the positive psychology movement (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2016; MacIntyre & Mercer, 2014). It examines the construct of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and its relationship with foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) among a group of 487 English as a foreign language (EFL) students (340 females, 147 males) enrolled in public universities in Saudi Arabia. A measure of FLE based on Likert scale ratings of ten items (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014), and a measure of FLCA based on eight items extracted from the FLCAS (Horwitz et al., 1986) were used. Male and female students had the same levels of FLE and FLCA. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between students’ FLE and FLCA was significantly negative. Qualitative analysis of the participants’ learning experiences revealed the causes of FLCA and FLE among Saudi EFL learners.
Teachers’ oral corrective feedback and learners’ uptake in high school CLIL and EFL classrooms
Authors: Milla Ruth , García Mayo María del Pilar
Published: January 2021

Oral corrective feedback (OCF) has been reported to be affected by several factors such as learners’ age, level of proficiency or the OCF types provided by the teacher. However, little research has been carried out on the variable learning context, even though OCF and uptake vary in rates and types in second language (SL) and foreign language (FL) settings. Moreover, OCF has been clearly under-researched in classrooms that follow a content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach. As CLIL programs are being widely implemented mainly in European settings and differences in context characteristics suggest variations in OCF and learners’ uptake, the present study aimed to compare the recorded classroom interaction data (22 hours 43 minutes) from an intact class of learners (N=26) in their last year of secondary education (age 17-18), attending the lessons of an English as a FL (EFL) teacher and a Business Studies (CLIL) teacher. Findings show significant differences as to the proportion and OCF types used, as well as different learners’ behavior regarding the rates of uptake and repair and the uptake after the use of recasts. Pedagogical implications are offered as to how to maximize the potential benefits of OCF in FL classrooms.
THE EFFECT OF CRANIO-CERVICAL EXERCISE INTERVENTION AND STRENGTH ENDURANCE TRAINING IN NECK PAIN
Authors: Naz Erum , Sarfraz Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Prolong computer work without proper ergonomics can lead to neck pain
which ultimately causes serious problems like muscle imbalance, headache,
poor work performance. The purpose of this study is not only to promote awareness
of correct exercise regime and to compare two exercise interventions in
improvement of neck pain, also effect of these regimes on nine different
components of daily living activities like headache, work performance,
concentration.
Experimental, Randomized control trail (RCT)
68 participants took part in the study and were divided randomly into two
groups. Group one received cranio- cervical (CC) regime of 06 weeks and
second group was given treatment in 2 stages. First stage comprise of minimum
repetition exercise which was upgraded to three set with weight in second
stage. The chief impact was seen as the reduction of pain intensity in both
interventions.
Subjects with neck pain of both groups proven a change in neck pain pre Neck
Disability Index (NDI) mean of CC, group01 (mean 19.18, std 5.2, p<0.05), and
post NDI score of CC group 01 (mean=6.18,std=6, p<0.05) while in strength
endurance (SE) group pre-score (mean=18.6, std=6.3, p<0.05) And post NDI
score (mean=7,std=6, p<0.05) . Both groups proved significant reduction in neck
pain.
This study showed that participant who had received cranio-cervical regime
and strength endurance training significantly improves their work performance
as well as neck pain. However, CC group showed improvement regarding work
performance and headache while SE group demonstrated significant improvement
in weight lifting than second group.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LUMBAR MANIPULATION (HIGH VELOCITY LOW AMPLITUDE) FOR THE TREATMENT OF LOW BACK PAIN IN COMPARISON TO BACK STRETCHING EXERCISES
Authors: Mehdi Kazmi Syed Abid , Mujahid Faruq Nabiha , Imran Farooqui Sumaira , Devi Jharna
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of lumbar manipulation (high velocity low amplitude)
for the treatment of low back pain in comparison to back stretching exercises.
Randomized Control Trial (Experimental Study)
The study was conducted on 200 patients at the Physiotherapy Department of
Ziauddin Hospital among patients with history of low back pain of acute, sub
acute or chronic origin. In this study, patients were divided into two groups,
group A and group B equally. Group A of 100 patients received Lumbar Manipulation
(High Velocity Low Amplitude) and at the same time Group B of 100
patients were treated by back stretching exercises. A pre tested and structured
questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered and analyzed by
using SPSS.
Pain was measured on Visual Analogue Scale before and after the given
treatment.
The study showed significant results for both the interventions in the treatment of
low back pain but Lumbar Manipulation has been more effective in different
types of low back pain while stretching exercises are less effective.
On the basis of this study, we are very confident that lumbar manipulation is
more effective for the treatment of low back pain compared to back stretching
THE ASSOCIATION OF SITTING POSTURE AND CERVICOGENIC PAIN AMONG THE STUDENTS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY
Authors: us Saba Navaid , Aamir Khan Amna , Imran Farooqui Sumaira , Omar Zara
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence and association of cervicogenic pain and poor
sitting posture among the students of Physical Therapy.
A cross sectional survey was conducted among the students through convenient
sampling, aged 18 – 30 years. A Structure questionnaire was used to collect
the data. Both descriptive and interference statistics were used to analyzed the
data.
A cross- sectional study design was selected for this study.
Students (n=100) has been selected from the different private and government
Physical Therapy institutes of Karachi.
From the sample size (n=100) including students of Physical Therapy, had
studying for more than 8 hours. During the analysis of data it was found that 71%
of students were aware about the correct sitting posture and only in 36% of
students’ cervicogenic pain is the reason of decrease their activities.
The result of the study shows that the prevalence of cervicogenic pain is higher
among the students but poor sitting posture is not consistent reason of pain
there were other associated factors too. Maximum numbers of students were
aware about the correct posture during sitting for study and using computer.
Among entire population ratio of pain was higher in female than male students.
A PARADIGM SHIFT FROM PRACTICE TO RESEARCH… EMERGENCE OF EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
Authors: Aamir Khan Amna
Published: January 2021

What is change? Why is it difficult to either become a part of the change or to introduce the change? The abhorrent situations were faced with the introduction of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in the emerging field of Rehabilitation. Globally, EB physical therapy practice (EBPTP) has brought innovation and revolution in the current practices of Physical Therapist (PT) and has become a challenge for them. Worldwide these challenges have already been popularized for more than twenty years but we might need another decade to practice it in Pakistan.
EFFECT OF PROPRIOCEPTION REHABILITATION IN ANKLE SPRAIN: SYSTEMIC REVIEW
Authors: Naz Erum , Sarfaraz Muhammad , Ambreen Sana , us Saba Navaid
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
Ankle sprain is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal injuries affecting all age groups. Exercises play an important role to improve joint proprioception and coordination after ankle sprain but the efficacy is still unknown. A systematic review in accordance with PRISMA was performed to evaluate the effects of proprioception rehabilitation for ankle sprains.
METHODS
Thirteen articles and one review were searched up to March 2012. Randomized controlled trials of ankle sprain were included while postural sway index and pain were the reported outcomes. An analysis was performed based on intervention type, grade of sprain, and control group. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was also conducted with respect to risk of bias, sample size, and result reported.
RESULTS
1020 participants included in the review reported marked improvement when compared with other interventions. Risk Ratio (RR) <01, CI 95% was considered low risk of bias. The studies included showed low risk of bias but the benefit of proprioceptive rehabilitation remained significant. Results also revealed proprioception as an add on treatment also improved global symptoms as compared to primary group alone. It was noticed that no study shown adverse effect.
CONCLUSIONS
Rehabilitation for proprioception is equally effective in improving static and dynamic balance in ankle sprain as a primary intervention and add-on.
AWARENESS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY AS A PROFESSION AMONG PRE-MEDICAL STUDENTS OF PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT COLLEGES
Authors: Shafqat Sadaf , Omer Sarah , Ayub Marina , Faheem Asma , Shahid Muhammad , Rizvi Syeda Amool Sakeena
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine the awareness and perception of Physical Therapy as a career among the intermediate students of Karachi.

STUDY DESIGN

It is a cross sectional study.

STUDY SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS

The settings of this study were two Private and two Government sector Intermediate colleges, offering Pre-medical and participants were students studying in these colleges.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Non-probability convenience sampling technique.

RESULTS

Results revealed that only 13.5% of students were well aware of physical therapy as a profession in government and private colleges whereas, 31% in government colleges and 26.5% in private colleges had little knowledge. While 28% government and 30.5% in private were totally unaware of it. 75.7% and 83.5% from government and private sector students responded that physical therapy will be most rewarded in Orthopedic/Musculoskeletal fields respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The awareness of Physical Therapy as a career among intermediate students would help in creating more effective marketing strategies. Unfortunately, a small percentage of the students are aware of physiotherapy and the services provided by this profession which implies that there is an urgent need for marketing campaign.