What impacts have geographical locations on the cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India:-observational analysis in India – V2
Authors: Kumar Dr Piyush 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Curiosity and need are the major forces driving invention and discoveries. The covid-19 pandemic is said to be originated from Wuhan of Hubei province in china. This statement has raised many questions and doubts about origin and spread of disease and the controversy is still going on. The geographical location of Wuhan in relation to sea is of significant value in relation to covid-19 pandemic as observed in this research. The CITY OF WUHAN is located on both banks of the Changjiang (the Great River, a.k.a the Yangtze River) about six hundred miles upstream from Shanghai and the PACIFIC OCEAN. It is about four hundred miles upstream from Nanjing. Its location is supremely strategic, being where the Hanshui (Han River) joins the Changjiang. The Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market was in news and highlighted by several media and news agency as probable source of origin of covid-19.  The Huanan Seafood Market located in Wuhan is a live animal and seafood market in Jianghan District, Wuhan City, and the capital of Hubei Province in Central China. 

OBJECTIVE: This continuous observational research analysis aimed to assess the IMPACT OF GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS PARTICULARLY COASTAL INFLUENCE on the total/average/maximum/minimum confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India, during COVID-19 pandemic from the beginning of pandemic cases in January 2020 in India with SPECIAL FOCUS ON COASTAL STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES OF INDIA. The coast is also known popularly as the coastline or seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean, or as a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean. The term coastal state and union territories is used to refer to a state where interactions of sea and land of states occur. The study also aims to find SAFEST GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

METHODS: This is a novel cross-sectional mixed (quantitative and Qualitative) continuous observational research study. The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India is obtained from Health Department, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, and data were matched and analyzed from online websites as well. The impact of geographical locations on the total/average/maximum/minimum confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India was analyzed with Microsoft office and with more data collection STATA 15.1 FOR WINDOWS (64BIT) WILL BE USED WHEN REQUIRED WITH MICROSOFT OFFICE IN NEXT VERSION-3 OF ARTICLE (FOR BIGGER ANALYSIS) FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMPARISON BY CALCULATING INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE, MORTALITY RATE AND OTHER INDICATORS. THE STUDY FOR GLOBAL CORRELATION OF THIS RESEARCH IS ALSO UNDER PROCESS BY THE AUTHOR. For the purpose of research INDIA IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS, 1 Coastal states and union territories (total ten in numbers), 2 Island groups (three in numbers), 3 north eastern states and east area i.e. Laddakh 4 other states and union territories having plain areas (14 in numbers).

RESULTS: The findings showed that total numbers of death from covid-19 is HIGHEST IN COASTAL STATES and union territories with a count of 323674 since beginning of the pandemic whereas the islands group reported the lowest total 184 numbers of deaths from covid-19 as on 05 Jan 2022, 08:00 IST (GMT+5:30) . The average death from covid-19 is highest in coastal states and union territories group with a count of 32367.4 followed by other states and union territories group with a count of 10431.21429. The islands group reported the lowest average numbers of death from covid-19 with a count of 61.33. A similar trend was found for numbers of confirmed cases with COASTAL STATES ON TOP having largest number of covid-19 cases. IN THIS VERSION 2 THE PREVALENCE RATES ARE ALSO CALCULATED PER 100000.

CONCLUSIONS: The research observation found that coastal states and union territories of India have larger number of daily cases of COVID-19 and mortality 867 per 100000 as compared to other geographical locations of the country. The observation also found that islands have least number of cases and deaths 115 per 100000 due to covid-19 pandemic. This study also gives rise to hypothesis that coastal locations are at greater risk of covid-19 infection and mortality whereas islands are safest places in covid-19 pandemics.

KEYWORDS: COASTAL STATES, COVID 19, MORTALITY, CONFIRMED CASES, UNION TERRITORIES, GEOGRAPHICAL IMPACT,