bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRAPD: A novel received signal strength–based approach for practical rogue access point detection
Authors: Wu Wenjia , Gu Xiaolin , Dong Kai , Shi Xiaomin , Yang Ming
Published: August 2018

Rogue access point attack is one of the most important security threats for wireless local networks and has attracted great attention from both academia and industry. Utilizing received signal strength information is an effective solution to detect rogue access points. However, the received signal strength information is formed by multi-dimensional received signal strength vectors that are collected by multiple sniffers, and these received signal strength vectors are inevitably lacking in some dimensions due to the limited wireless transmission range and link instability. This will result in high false alarm rate for rogue access point detection. To solve this issue, we propose a received signal strength–based practical rogue access point detection approach, considering missing received signal strength values in received signal strength vectors collected in practical environment. First, we present a preprocessing scheme for received signal strength vectors, eliminating missing values by means of data filling, filtering, and averaging. Then, we perform clustering analysis on the received signal strength vectors, where we design a distance measurement method that dynamically uses partial components in received signal strength vectors to minimize the distance deviation due to missing values. Finally, we conduct the experiments to evaluate the performance of the practical rogue access point detection. The results demonstrate that the practical rogue access point detection can significantly reduce the false alarm rate while ensuring a high detection rate.
Two isoforms of cyclic GMP-dependent kinase-I exhibit distinct expression patterns in the adult mouse dorsal root ganglion
Authors: Uchida Hitoshi , Matsumura Shinji , Katano Tayo , Watanabe Masahiko , Schlossmann Jens , Ito Seiji
Published: August 2018

cGMP-dependent kinase-I (cGKI) is known to regulate spinal pain processing. This enzyme consists of two isoforms (cGKIα and cGKIβ) that show distinct substrate specificity and tissue distribution. It has long been believed that the α isoform is exclusively expressed in the adult dorsal root ganglion. The aim of the present study was to reexamine the expression of cGKI isoforms in the adult mouse dorsal root ganglion using isoform-specific cGKI antibodies whose specificities had been validated in the previous studies. Immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of both isoforms in the dorsal root ganglion. Moreover, cGKIα was found to be mainly expressed within the cytoplasm of small- to medium-sized peptidergic and nonpeptidegic C-fibers, whereas cGKIβ was located within the nuclei of a wide range of dorsal root ganglion neurons. In addition, glutamine synthetase-positive satellite glial cells expressed both isoforms to varying degrees. Finally, using an experimental model for neuropathic pain produced by L5 spinal nerve transection, we found that cGKIα expression was downregulated in the injured, but not in the uninjured, dorsal root ganglion. In contrast, cGKIβ expression was upregulated in both the injured and uninjured dorsal root ganglions. Also, injury-induced cGKIβ upregulation was found to occur in small-to-medium-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons. These data thus demonstrate the existence of two differently distributed cGKI isoforms in the dorsal root ganglion, and may provide insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pain.
Mitochondrial superoxide increases excitatory synaptic strength in spinal dorsal horn neurons of neuropathic mice
Authors: Bae Chilman , Wang Jigong , Shim Hyun Soo , Tang Shao-Jun , Chung Jin Mo , La Jun-Ho
Published: August 2018

Reactive oxygen species has been suggested as a key player in neuropathic pain, causing central sensitization by changing synaptic strengths in spinal dorsal horn neurons. However, it remains unclear as to what type of reactive oxygen species changes what aspect of synaptic strengths for central sensitization in neuropathic pain conditions. In this study, we investigated whether mitochondrial superoxide affects both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strengths in spinal dorsal horn neurons after peripheral nerve injury. Upregulation of mitochondrial superoxide level by knockout of superoxide dismutase-2 exacerbated neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity caused by L5 spinal nerve ligation, whereas downregulation of mitochondrial superoxide level by overexpression of superoxide dismutase-2 alleviated the hypersensitivity. In spinal nerve ligation condition, the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents increased, while that of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents decreased in spinal dorsal horn neurons. Superoxide dismutase-2-knockout augmented, whereas superoxide dismutase-2-overexpression prevented, the spinal nerve ligation-increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents frequency. However, superoxide dismutase-2-knockout had no effect on the spinal nerve ligation-decreased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency, and superoxide dismutase-2-overexpression unexpectedly decreased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency in the normal condition. When applied to the spinal cord slice during in vitro recordings, mitoTEMPO, a specific scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide, reduced the spinal nerve ligation-increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents frequency but failed to normalize the spinal nerve ligation-decreased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency. These results suggest that in spinal dorsal horn neurons, high levels of mitochondrial superoxide increase excitatory synaptic strength after peripheral nerve injury and contribute to neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity. However, mitochondrial superoxide does not seem to be involved in the decreased inhibitory synaptic strength in this neuropathic pain condition.
Development and validation of the taste alteration scale for children receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Bilsin Elif , Bal Yılmaz Hatice
Published: August 2018

Background

Taste alteration is one of the most common and frequently ignored side effects of chemotherapy.

Aims

Our aim was to develop the Taste Alteration Scale for Children with Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy (TAS-CrC).

Methods

This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional type. The study was conducted between May and September 2016 at the child haematology clinics and outpatient clinics of six hospitals. A total of 165 children with cancer who were followed in the clinics and outpatient clinics of the mentioned hospitals between May and September 2016 and received chemotherapy constituted the population of the study. Our sample comprised 95 children with cancer who were followed in the clinic and outpatient clinic between the dates specified and met the study criteria.

Results

It is observed that the correlation values of the item analysis of the TAS-CrC vary between 0.49 and 0.86. One sub-dimension of the scale was determined by explanatory factor analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was determined to be 0.88. It was determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between the test–retest (first and second application) of the scale ( p < 0.01).

Conclusions

According to the data obtained from the study, it was determined that the TAS-CrC was a valid and reliable scale.
Long-term outcomes of peginterferon beta-1a in multiple sclerosis: results from the ADVANCE extension study, ATTAIN
Authors: Newsome Scott D. , Scott Thomas F. , Arnold Douglas L. , Nelles Gereon , Hung Serena , Cui Yue , Shang Shulian , Naylor Maria L. , Kremenchutzky Marcelo
Published: August 2018

Background:

ADVANCE was a phase III trial of the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous peginterferon beta-1a 125 µg every 2 or 4 weeks in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). ATTAIN was a 2-year extension study of ADVANCE. The aim was to evaluate the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of peginterferon beta-1a 125 µg every 2 or 4 weeks in ATTAIN.

Methods:

ADVANCE dosing schedules were maintained in ATTAIN, except that every-4-weeks dosing patients were switched to every-2-weeks dosing after conversion of the study to an open-label protocol. ATTAIN was considered complete when the last patient completed the 96-week extension study. Primary endpoints included adverse event (AE) and serious AE (SAE) incidence. Secondary endpoints included relapse, magnetic resonance imaging, and disability outcomes.

Results:

Of the 1512 patients randomized in ADVANCE, 1076 (71%) continued treatment in ATTAIN; of these, 842 (78%) completed the open-label extension study. During ATTAIN, 478 patients (87%) in the every-2-weeks group and 471 patients (89%) in the every-4-weeks group experienced an AE; SAEs were reported in 90 patients (16%) in the every-2-weeks group and 113 patients (21%) in the every-4-weeks group. The most frequent AEs reported were injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms, both of which numerically decreased over time. Peginterferon beta-1a every 2 weeks versus every 4 weeks significantly reduced the adjusted annualized relapse rate over 6 years (0.188 versus 0.263, p = 0.0052) and the risk of relapse over 5 years (36% versus 49%, p = 0.0018). Fewer new T1, new/newly enlarging T2, and gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions were observed with every-2-weeks dosing than every-4-weeks dosing over 4 years.

Conclusions:

Results from the ADVANCE extension study, ATTAIN, confirm the favorable long-term safety and tolerability profile of peginterferon beta-1a in patients with RRMS and provide additional evidence for the clinical and radiological benefits associated with this therapy.
A technique for humeral prosthesis placement in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for fracture
Authors: Cagle Paul J , Reizner Wayne , Parsons Bradford O
Published: August 2018

Recent trends have illustrated the benefits of treating displaced fractures of the proximal humerus with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Clinical results have demonstrated reliable restoration of function in situations where results following hemiarthroplasty have been variable and difficult to predict. Data have demonstrated landmarks to assist with humeral stem height in hemiarthroplasty. However, intraoperative landmarks to guide placement of the humeral component in reverse shoulder arthroplasty have not been described. In this technique, the superior border of the pectoralis tendon is utilized. A distance of 5.0 cm is used to assist in placement of the most superior aspect of the metallic humeral component and with humeral stem version. This technique can be used as a guide to assist a treating physician in situations where bony fracture and comminution make humeral stem height placement difficult to judge.
Understanding the Propensity for Chronic Sinusitis in Patients on Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Papagiannopoulos Peter , Kuhar Hannah N. , Raman Anish , Ganti Ashwin , Gattuso Paolo , Batra Pete S. , Tajudeen Bobby A.
Published: August 2018

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a frequently observed condition in patients with immunodeficiency secondary to immunosuppressive medications. The histologic features of CRS among patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment have yet to be determined and may have important implications on understanding the pathophysiology of the disease process.

Methods

A structured histopathology report was utilized to analyze sinus tissue removed during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Histopathology variables, Lund–Mackay score (LMS), and sinonasal outcome test 22 scores were compared among patients with CRS on immunosuppressive therapy (CRSi), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) patients, and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients.

Results

Fifteen CRSi, 36 CRSwNP, and 56 CRSsNP patients undergoing FESS were analyzed. Compared to CRSsNP, CRSi patients exhibited a trend toward increased moderate–severe inflammation (66.7% vs 42.1%, P < .080), increased neutrophil infiltrate (40.0% vs 24.6%, P < .192), and decreased fibrosis (26.7% vs 43.9%, P < .182). Compared to CRSwNP, CRSi patients demonstrated decreased fibrosis (26.7% vs 66.7%, P < .010), decreased eosinophil aggregates (13.3% vs 44.4%, P < .032), and a trend toward fewer eosinophils per high-power field (46.7% vs 66.7%, P < .154). CRSi cases had significantly lower mean LMS (8.20 ± 4.30 vs 12.78 ± 6.56, P < .017) compared to CRSwNP.

Conclusion

CRSi patients exhibit histopathology and disease severity more similar to CRSsNP with trends toward increased neutrophilia and reduced fibrosis. In the appropriate clinical context, discontinuing or changing a patient’s immunosuppressive regimen may be a valid treatment option in patients with CRSi. This study provides initial insight into understanding the propensity for chronic sinusitis in patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment which may have implications on disease management.
Near infrared spectroscopy-guided exercise training for claudication in peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Murrow Jonathan R , Brizendine Jared T , Djire Bill , Young Hui-Ju , Rathbun Stephen , Nilsson Kent R , McCully Kevin K
Published: August 2018

Rationale

Supervised treadmill exercise for claudication in peripheral arterial disease is effective but poorly tolerated because of ischemic leg pain. Near infrared spectroscopy allows non-invasive detection of muscle ischemia during exercise, allowing for characterization of tissue perfusion and oxygen utilization during training.

Objective

We evaluated walking time, muscle blood flow, and muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with peripheral artery disease after a traditional pain-based walking program and after a muscle oxygen-guided walking program.

Method and results

Patients with peripheral artery disease trained thrice weekly in 40-minute-long sessions for 12 weeks, randomized to oxygen-guided training ( n = 8, age 72 ± 9.7 years, 25% female) versus traditional pain-based training ( n = 10, age 71.6 ± 8.8 years, 20% female). Oxygen-guided training intensity was determined by maintaining a 15% reduction in skeletal muscle oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy rather than relying on symptoms of pain to determine exercise effort. Pain free and maximal walking times were measured with a 12-minute Gardner treadmill test. Gastrocnemius mitochondrial capacity and blood flow were measured using near infrared spectroscopy. Baseline pain-free walking time was similar on a Gardner treadmill test (2.5 ± 0.9 vs. 3.6 ± 1.0 min, p = 0.5). After training, oxygen-guided cohorts improved similar to pain-guided cohorts (pain-free walking time 6.7 ± 0.9 vs. 6.9 ± 1.1 min, p < 0.01 for change from baseline and p = 0.97 between cohorts). Mitochondrial capacity improved in both groups but more so in the pain-guided cohort than in the oxygen-guided cohort (38.8 ± 8.3 vs. 14.0 ± 9.3, p = 0.018). Resting muscle blood flow did not improve significantly in either group with training.

Conclusions

Oxygen-guided exercise training improves claudication comparable to pain-based training regimens. Adaptations in mitochondrial function rather than increases in limb perfusion may account for functional improvement. Increases in mitochondrial oxidative capacity may be proportional to the degree of tissue hypoxia during exercise.
New developments in the treatment of opioid‐induced gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Pannemans Jasper , Vanuytsel Tim , Tack Jan
Published: August 2018

Chronic pain affects a large part of the global population, leading to an increase of opioid use. Opioid‐induced constipation (OIC), a highly prevalent adverse effect of opioid use, has a major impact on patients’ quality of life. Thanks to the introduction of new drugs for chronic constipation, which can also be used in OIC, and the development of peripherally acting mu‐opioid receptor blockers, specifically for use in OIC, therapeutic options have seen major development. This review summarises current and emerging treatment options for OIC based on an extensive bibliographical search. Efficacy data for laxatives, lubiprostone, prucalopride, linaclotide, oxycodone/naloxone combinations, methylnaltrexone, alvimopan, naloxegol, naldemedine, axelopran, and bevenopran in OIC are summarised.
First report of nodular skin lesions caused by Mycobacterium nebraskense in a 9-year-old cat
Authors: Niederhäuser Simone , Klauser Luzia , Bolliger Jürg , Friedel Ute , Schmitt Sarah , Ruetten Maja , Greene Craig E , Ghielmetti Giovanni
Published: August 2018

Case summary

A 9-year-old cat was referred with multiple, raised, ulcerative skin nodules in the region of the neck and dorsal head. Histopathological findings of a biopsied nodule were granulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis without multinucleated giant cells or caseous necrosis. In addition, by Ziehl–Neelsen staining numerous acid-fast intracellular bacilli were observed within the lesions. Mycobacterial culture showed growth of rough scotochromogenic colonies after 3 weeks of incubation. Molecular characterisation of the isolate identified Mycobacterium nebraskense as the cause of the infection. No phenotypic resistance was detected for the antimycobacterial agents tested. The cat was successfully treated with a combination of surgical excision and a 12 week course of antimicrobial therapy, including rifampicin combined with clarithromycin.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of mycobacterial granulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis due to M nebraskense infection in a cat. The successful surgical and antimycobacterial treatment regimen is described.
Protestants Abroad: How Missionaries Tried to Change the World but Changed America
Authors: Xi Lian
Published: August 2018

In Protestants Abroad David Hollinger reminds us of the vital role of missionaries in American history. The book explores how overseas missions, though often linked with imperialism, produced a counterreaction against it in the course of the twentieth century. As a result of the “cascading self-interrogations” from the mission field, both the missionary enterprise and churches in America were challenged and changed. Missionaries, their children, and missionary-connected Americans helped their country come to grips with the traditions and modern realities of Asia, pioneered in the development of academic studies of Asia, and left distinct, cosmopolitan marks on America’s national life.
Update on mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Maddocks Kami
Published: August 2018

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is most commonly treated with combination chemo-immunotherapy at diagnosis because of the poor prognosis. More indolent presentations have been described including patients who can defer initial therapy without adverse impact on survival. The 2016 World Health Organization updated classification describes 2 major subtypes, classical and leukemic nonnodal MCL, each with unique molecular features and clinical presentations. Although there is no standard of care for MCL, aggressive chemo-immunotherapy regimens containing rituximab and cytarabine, followed by consolidation with autologous stem cell transplantation and maintenance rituximab, are the most used approach in young fit patients, and chemo-immunotherapy, followed by rituximab maintenance, is most commonly used in older patients. Despite the improvement in response durations with currently available therapies, patients will inevitably relapse. A number of targeted therapies are approved in the relapsed setting and are now under evaluation in combination with standard frontline therapy. Although the approval of ibrutinib changed the landscape of therapy for relapsed MCL, prognosis remains poor after progression on ibrutinib supporting the development of ibrutinib combinations to prolong response duration as well as the development of other novel agents for ibrutinib refractory disease. With ibrutinib being incorporated into initial therapy regimens, new options will be needed at relapse. Prognostic markers, such as minimal residual disease, have been shown to correlate independently with outcomes along with predicting relapse, with the potential to guide therapeutic decisions. The future treatment of MCL therapy will need to incorporate therapy based on risk-stratification and nonchemotherapeutic approaches.
Charcot-Leyden crystal formation is closely associated with eosinophil extracellular trap cell death
Authors: Ueki Shigeharu , Tokunaga Takahiro , Melo Rossana C. N. , Saito Hidekazu , Honda Kohei , Fukuchi Mineyo , Konno Yasunori , Takeda Masahide , Yamamoto Yohei , Hirokawa Makoto , Fujieda Shigeharu , Spencer Lisa A. , Weller Peter F.
Published: August 2018

Protein crystallization in human tissue rarely occurs. Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) were described in various eosinophilic diseases >150 years ago, but our understanding of CLC formation still remains limited. In this study, we demonstrate that CLCs observed in varied inflamed human tissues are closely associated with eosinophil cell-free granules and nuclear envelope/plasma membrane disintegration with release of filamentous chromatin (extracellular traps), typical morphologies of a regulated pathway of extracellular trap cell death (ETosis). During the process of eosinophil ETosis, eccentrically localized cytoplasmic and perinuclear CLC protein (galectin-10) is homogeneously redistributed in the cytoplasm. Rapid (1-2 minutes) formation of intracytoplasmic CLCs was observed using time-lapse imaging. Plasma membrane rupture enabled the release of both intracellularly formed CLCs and soluble galectin-10 that further contributed to formation of CLCs extracellularly, in parallel with the expulsion of free intact granules and extracellular traps. CLC formation and galectin-10 release were dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of natural formation of CLCs in association with an active physiological process (ie, ETosis). These results indicate that dynamic changes in intracellular localization and release of galectin-10 contribute to CLC formation in vivo and suggest that CLC/galectin-10 might serve as an indicator of ETosis.
Building a Sustainable National Infrastructure to Expand Research Mentor Training
Authors: Spencer Kimberly C. , McDaniels Melissa , Utzerath Emily , Rogers Jenna Griebel , Sorkness Christine A. , Asquith Pamela , Pfund Christine
Published: August 2018

An evidence-based research mentor training (RMT) curricular series has been shown to improve the knowledge and skills of research mentors across disciplines and career stages. A train-the-trainer model was used in the context of several targeted approaches aimed at sustainability to support national dissemination of RMT and expand the network of facilitators prepared to implement the curricula. These infrastructure elements included 1) an expansion initiative to increase the number of trained facilitators able to deliver train-the-trainer workshops nationwide; 2) adaptation of RMT curricula for multiple audiences and career stages to increase accessibility; 3) implementation resources to support facilitators and help them overcome implementation barriers; and 4) standardized evaluation of training. This approach to dissemination and implementation has resulted in the preparation of nearly 600 trained facilitators, a large percentage of whom have implemented mentor training for more than 4000 graduate student, junior faculty, and senior faculty mentors. Implications for and challenges to building and sustaining the national dissemination of RMT are discussed.
Identification of axolotl BH3-only proteins and expression in axolotl organs and apoptotic limb regeneration tissue
Authors: Bucan Vesna , Peck Claas-Tido , Nasser Inas , Liebsch Christina , Vogt Peter M. , Strauß Sarah
Published: August 2018

Like other urodela amphibians, axolotls are able to regenerate lost appendages, even as adults, rendering them unique among higher vertebrates. In reaction to the severe trauma of a lost limb, apoptosis seems to be primarily implicated in the removal of injured cells and tissue homeostasis. Little, however, is known about apoptotic pathways and control mechanisms. Therefore, here we provide additional information regarding the mechanisms of tissue degradation. Expression patterns of Bcl-2 family members were analyzed using reverse transcriptase-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. In our study, we identified ten putative axolotl orthologs of the Bcl-2 family. We demonstrated that BH3-only proteins are differentially expressed in some axolotl organs, while they are expressed broadly in tail composite tissue and limb regeneration blastema. The importance of Bcl-2 family members is also indicated by detecting the expression of proapoptotic protein Bak in spatial congruence to apoptosis in the early stages of limb regeneration, while Bcl-2 expression was slightly modified. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Bcl-2 family members are conserved in the axolotl and might be involved in the tissue degradation processes that occur during limb regeneration.
T cell activation triggers reversible inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase assembly
Authors: Duong-Ly Krisna C. , Kuo Yin-Ming , Johnson Matthew C. , Cote Joy M. , Kollman Justin M. , Soboloff Jonathan , Rall Glenn F. , Andrews Andrew J. , Peterson Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2018

T cell-mediated adaptive immunity requires naïve, unstimulated T cells to transition from a quiescent metabolic state into a highly proliferative state upon T cell receptor engagement. This complex process depends on transcriptional changes mediated by Ca2+-dependent NFAT signaling, mTOR-mediated signaling and increased activity of the guanine nucleotide biosynthetic inosine-5′-monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase 1 and 2 enzymes (IMPDH1 and IMPDH2, hereafter IMPDH). Inhibitors of these pathways serve as potent immunosuppressants. Unexpectedly, we discovered that all three pathways converge to promote the assembly of IMPDH protein into micron-scale macromolecular filamentous structures in response to T cell activation. Assembly is post-transcriptionally controlled by mTOR and the Ca2+ influx regulator STIM1. Furthermore, IMPDH assembly and catalytic activity were negatively regulated by guanine nucleotide levels, suggesting a negative feedback loop that limits biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. Filamentous IMPDH may be more resistant to this inhibition, facilitating accumulation of the higher GTP levels required for T cell proliferation.
CONSOLIDAÇÃO E CODIFICAÇÃO EM DIREITO CIVIL: BASES CONCEITUAIS E EXPERIÊNCIAS SULAMERICANAS
Authors: Queiroz Pereira Fabio
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo busca compreender as bases conceituais dos termos consolidação e codificação, pois, apesar do amplo e comum uso das duas técnicas legislativas, não há consenso doutrinário em relação às suas características e ao alcance de seus usos. Foram apresentadas as similitudes e as diferenças de tratamento dado aos termos, buscando dialogar, principalmente, com as percepções do jurista italiano Mario Viora, em clássica obra sobre o tema. Em seguida à referida exposição, intentou-se identificar as particularidades existentes nas construções teóricas e nas experiências de dois países sul-americanos: Brasil e Chile. Para tanto, foram estudas as obras de Augusto Teixeira de Freitas e de Andrés Bello, verificando-se que a concepção da técnica consolidadora aplicada ao direito civil foi dotada de características próprias. Nesse sentido, foi realizado exercício comparativo para compreender os fundamentos das particularidades e para decompor o problema jurídico conceitual. Averiguou-se, assim, que, para ambos os juristas, no plano teórico, a técnica consolidadora foi pensada como exercício preparatório para a feitura de uma codificação, afastando-se da concepção até então existente, no âmbito da ciência jurídica europeia. Apesar das diferenças na consecução das tarefas de consolidação e de codificação, uma das comuns preocupações de Freitas e de Bello parece ter sido a preservação de uma tradição jurídica, sem que fosse realizada uma brusca ruptura com o anterior corpo normativo vigente.
A VOZ DO POVO É A VOZ DE DEUS? O MITO DO VALOR AXIOLÓGICO DA DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Araujo Guilherme Dourado Aragão Sá
Published: August 2018

Resumo: Tomando por contexto a discussão acerca da legitimidade do parlamento nas democracias contemporâneas, o presente artigo propõe-se a analisar a questão sob perspectiva dos limites do poder decisório da maioria democrática e da necessária discussão acerca do suposto valor axiológico do procedimento majoritário. Demonstra-se o surgimento da democracia direta na Grécia antiga e as implicações modernas que levaram ao desenvolvimento das formas representativas, bem como seus problemas inerentes. Utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, o ensaio expõe que os mecanismos propostos para verificação da legitimidade material, nas democracias, não se mostraram suficientes para afastar a possibilidade de abusos cometidos pelos grupos sociais majoritários. Conclui-se que esses problemas provocam a necessidade de se repensar o objeto deliberativo da democracia, de modo a, senão sanar, pelo menos reduzir ao máximo possível o perigo dos abusos da maioria.
A DOAÇÃO NO CÓDIGO CIVIL BRASILEIRO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE SUA ESTRUTURA CONTRATUAL E OBRIGATORIEDADE DO CUMPRIMENTO PELO DOADOR
Authors: Tuthill Stanicia Sergio
Published: August 2018

A discussão acerca do conceito jurídico de doação é relevante, pois o direito seleciona fatos da vida que deseja submeter a uma determinada disciplina jurídica, em razão de política legislativa, e os conceitua por meio de regras constitutivas. No Código Civil (“CC”) brasileiro, a doação é o contrato por meio do qual o doador “transfere” bens ou vantagens (art. 538) gratuitamente ao donatário. No CC francês, por outro lado, a doação é disciplinada ao lado do testamento como uma das espécies de “liberalidade”, e é definida como “ato” não como “contrato” (art. 894). No CC italiano, por fim, a doação também é disciplinada junto ao direito das sucessões, mas definida expressamente como “contrato” (art. 769). De acordo com o CC francês, a transferência do bem doado deve ocorrer “atualmente e irrevogavelmente”; já o CC italiano admite que a doação possa ser feita tanto por meio da transferência imediata, quanto da “assunção de uma obrigação”. No Brasil, a doutrina discute se o contrato de doação é real ou consensual, e se é admissível o contrato preliminar de doação. Em vista disso, este artigo se propõe a: traçar um perfil das definições de doação adotadas pelos códigos civis francês e italiano, em comparação com o brasileiro, discutir aspectos relevantes que envolvem a estrutura da doação como um contrato e a possibilidade de cumprimento obrigatório da prestação pelo doador.
Evaluation of Shake-and-Catch Mechanism in Mechanical Harvesting of Apples
Authors: Ma Shaochun , Karkee Manoj , Fu Han , Sun Daozong , Zhang Qin
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Damaged fruit is the most important barrier to success in the mechanical harvesting of fresh market apples using mass harvesting methods. To address fruit quality issues and expedite the commercialization of mechanical harvesting of fresh market apples, an innovative air suspension-based catching (ASC) mechanism was designed and fabricated to collect fruit detached with a mechanical shaking device (tree limb shaker). The objective of this study was to evaluate the shake-and-catch mechanism in mechanical harvesting of apples. Three apple varieties with different physical characteristics (‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Pacific Rose’, and ‘Pink Lady’) were used in the field trials. The air pressure settings for the ASC mechanism played an important role in reducing the risk of apple damage and improving fruit quality. The effect of the shaking frequency of the tree limb shaker on fruit quality was not significant. When the air pressure increased from 0 to 1030 kPa, the fruit quality greatly improved. Keywords: Air pressure, Air suspension-based catching mechanism, Fluidized bed technology, Fresh market apples, Fruit quality, Mass harvesting, Shaking efficiency.
Modification of Water Application Rates and Intermittent Control for Sprinkler Frost Protection
Authors: Lu Yongzong , Hu Yongguang , Zhao Chen , Snyder Richard L.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. To validate the feasibility of an automated frost protection sprinkler system, a sprinkler irrigation system with an optimal water application rate was designed, constructed, and tested in a tea field. A modified calculation model of the water application rate was provided by simulation with different values of airflow velocity, air temperature, air humidity, and spray water temperature. An intermittent control strategy was provided using a modified model that included the start and stop time of the system and adjustment of the water application rate. Tea field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of frost protection based on this control strategy during frost night events. The results showed that a variable water application rate was better suited for frost protection, and the modified intermittent control automatically regulated the water application rate. In early spring and winter heavy frost nights, the canopy temperature (Tc) of the irrigated area remained above -1.2°C and 0°C, respectively, which is higher than the critical damage temperature for tea plants. The Tc of the irrigated area was approximately 2.8°C higher than that of a non-irrigated area. Moreover, the irrigated area with the modified model had a slower temperature rise after sunrise compared with the non-irrigated area, which was beneficial for frost protection. This sprinkler control strategy is an effective frost protection method that could be applied for in tea fields in the Yangtze River region. The calculation and simulation procedure of the water application rate would be applied for constructing sprinklers for different micrometeorological environments. Keywords: Frost protection, Intermittent control, Spraying water temperature, Sprinkler irrigation system, Tea, Water application rate.
Sustainable Slopes: Satisfying Rainfall-Erosion Equilibrium and Mechanical Stability
Authors: Jeldes Isaac A. , Yoder Daniel C. , Drumm Eric C.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. While manmade slopes are traditionally constructed with planar cross-sections, natural stable slopes are usually curvilinear with significant concavity of the profile. This concavity occurs as a result of evolutionary processes in which rain-driven erosion and sediment transport are balanced through slope shape adjustments. At the point of equilibrium, a relatively steady concavity with a uniform erosion rate is observed over time. Nevertheless, a true equilibrium state is possible only if mechanical stability is satisfied. In this study, concave profiles in rainfall erosion equilibrium were found based on the principles of the well-known RUSLE2 model. Results showed the existence of a family of steady shapes satisfying the condition of uniform normalized erosion rate. Those steady concave shapes that also satisfied long-term mechanical stability were then investigated. The overall results suggest that concave slopes can be constructed to achieve both minimal steady-state erosion equilibrium and mechanical stability, leading to more natural and sustainable landforms with minimal sediment delivery during initial slope adjustments. Keywords: Concave slopes, Erosion, Sustainable design, Slope stability.
Effect of Chlorination and Acidification on Clogging and Biofilm Formation in Drip Emitters Applying Secondary Sewage Effluent
Authors: Hao Fengzhen , Li Jiusheng , Wang Zhen , Li Yanfeng
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The risk and inducing mechanism of emitter clogging vary with the types of ions in the irrigation water. The effectiveness of chlorination and acidification treatments in reducing emitter clogging has seldom been comparatively studied. The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of chlorination and acidification in reducing clogging in emitters applying secondary sewage effluent with different types of ions. Two types of emitters with plain channels and one type of emitter with a labyrinth structure were selected to investigate the clogging control strategy by measuring the dry weight of biofilm substance (DW) and the organic matter fraction in the biofilm and analyzing the mineral constituents of the clogging solids and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of the attached biofilm. In general, chemical injection decreased the DW and EPS, resulting in less clogging than in emitters without chlorine and acid injection. For the emitter structures tested, chemical injection was more effective in controlling clogging in plain channel emitters than in labyrinth emitters. Different chemical injections produced similar mineral constituents of the clogging solids: quartz, calcium + magnesium carbonate, silicate, and iron oxide. Chlorine injection interval and targeted acidification pH are both important parameters in determining chemical injection schemes. Under the experimental conditions, weekly chlorination of sewage effluent acidified to pH 6.5 was more effective in reducing the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and the precipitation of solid particles in the drip emitters when applying sewage effluent containing high iron + calcium. However, when sewage effluent containing high calcium was used, acidification was more effective in removing the chemical precipitates. We conclude that the selection of chemical treatment strategies should consider the constituent ions in the sewage effluent. Keywords: Acid injection, Chlorine injection, Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), Mineral constituents, Microirrigation.
Development of the Enhanced Halsey Model to Predict Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) of Sunflower Seeds with Different Oil Contents
Authors: Maciel Gisele , De la Torre Diego A. , Cendoya María Gabriela , Izquierdo Natalia G. , Bartosik Ricardo E.
Published: August 2018

Abstract.

Using the right equilibrium moisture content (EMC) relationship is critical for implementing successful aeration strategies and for determining the safe storage moisture content of grains and oilseeds. The oil content of sunflower seeds substantially affects the moisture equilibrium relationship, implying that a specific set of model parameters for each oil content range should be obtained. To overcome this practical limitation, the Enhanced Halsey model was developed incorporating a new parameter (D) to characterize the effect of oil content on the original Modified Halsey model. The constants A, B, C, and D of the model were obtained for a wide range of temperatures, moisture and oil contents. The simplicity of the Enhanced Halsey model and the possibility of adapting EMC as a function of oil content make the Enhanced Halsey model valuable for engineering applications (e.g., aeration controllers) and for predicting the safe storage moisture content of seeds with different oil contents, such as sunflower. Keywords: Composition, Grain, Isotherms, Oilseed, Relative humidity, Sorption, Storage quality.
Assessing Intra-Event Phosphorus Dynamics in Drainage Water Using Phosphate Stable Oxygen Isotopes
Authors: Ford William , Williams Mark R. , Young Megan B. , King Kevin W. , Fischer Eric
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Quantifying fluxes and pathways of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in tile-drained landscapes has been hampered by a lack of measurements that are sensitive to P fate and transport processes. One potential tool to help understand these dynamics is the oxygen isotope signature of phosphate (d18OPO4); however, its potential benefits and limitations are not well understood for intra-event dynamics at the field scale. The objectives of this study were to quantify intra-event variability of d18OPO4 signatures in tile drainage water and assess the efficacy of d18OPO4 to elucidate mechanisms and flow pathways controlling DRP transport to tile drains. We collected water samples during a summer storm event from a subsurface (tile)-drained field located in west-central Ohio and analyzed for d18OPO4 of DRP. Supplementary water quality measurements, hydrologic modeling, and soil temperature data were used to help understand intra-event d18OPO4 dynamics. Results of the soil extraction analysis from our study site highlight that the soil water-extractable P (WEP) pool was not in equilibrium with long-term, temperature-dependent water isotope values. This result suggests that P-rich soils may, at least partially, retain their original source signature, which has significant implications for identifying hotspots of P delivery in watershed-scale applications. Results of the storm event analysis highlight that equilibration of leached DRP in soil water creates a gradient between isotopic compositions of pre-event shallow subsurface sources, pre-event deep subsurface sources, and the WEP tied up in surface soils. The current study represents the first intra-event analysis of d18OPO4 and highlights the potential for phosphate oxygen isotopes as a novel tool to improve understanding of P fate and transport in artificially drained agroecosystems. Keywords: Agriculture, Edge-of-field, Macropores, Phosphate oxygen isotopes, Tile-drainage.
A TEST OF HANSEN'S METHOD WITH IRREGULAR BOUNDARIES
Authors: Groves Gordon W.
Published: August 2018

Free, long seiches in a rectangular basin were simulated with Hansen's method applied in two ways: (1) with the basin boundaries coinciding with the grid coordinate axes, and (2) with the basin boundaries inclined 45 degrees to the grid axes. There was good agreement between the two cases, and with the theoretical solutions.
NEW AND FEW KNOWN SPECIES OF BRACHYURA FROM AMBON
Authors: Serene Raoul , Moosa M. K.
Published: August 2018

The present material corresponds to a part of a collection made in Ambon by the senior author. The collection was made during a survey conducted (September 1970) by the Institute of Marine Research of Indonesia (see Serene 1971) and is deposited in this Institute in Djakarta.
SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SURFACE SALINITY OFF THE NORTH COAST OF JAVA
Authors: Soeriaatmadja Raden E.
Published: August 2018

The division of the region investigated according to P. CH. VEEN is redescribed. The micro salinity titration by means of the method described by G. H. ARNOLD with an accuracy of 0.1 ‰ was used for this investigation. This technique was adopted because of the large number of observations, and was sufficiently accurate since salinity in these waters varies widely. The annual range in salinity is large, caused by a considerable discharge of fresh water from the many big and small rivers, especially in the rainy-season as well as by the inequality of salinity of the oceanwaters coming from the East, and the South China Sea water coming from the West, during the dry and wet-sason respectively. In the east-monsoon, the eastern section is covered with ocean water over 34.0 ‰ and the western section with mixed waters ranging between 31.5 ‰ and 34.0 ‰, while in the west-monsoon, the area is covered with mixed water less than 32.5 ‰.
THE COMPUTATION OF OCEANIC AND METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS OF MOTION WITH FRICTION PROPORTIONAL TO THE VELOCITY
Authors: Wyrtki Klaus
Published: August 2018

The friction in the hydrodynamical differential equations is taken proportional to the velocity. With it simple relations result, permitting the calculation of the mass transport, without the need to solve differential equations, if the wind and pressure distributions are known. The solution can cross the equator freely. Simultaneously the equations give the vertical components of motion at the lower boundary of the layer under consideration. Numerical values of the friction coefficient are given, and oceanographical and meteorological models are discussed, as for instance the monsoon winds over Southeast Asia, the monsoon currents in the Java and China Seas and the equatorial currents of the Pacific Ocean.
SURFACE SALINITIES IN THE STRAIT OF MALACCA
Authors: Soeriaatmadja Raden E.
Published: August 2018

A continuous northwest-going current prevails in the Strait of Malacca throughout the year, except June and August, when the currents are very weak and sometimes reversed  in the .southern part. The southern part of the Strait of Malacca is influenced by the currents. These currents transport low saline water into the Strait during the southwest monsoon and high saline water from the South China Sea during the northeast monsoon. In the northern part, the rainfall is of greater importance for the variations of the surface salinity and a strong correlation between rainfall and surface salinities is found in this region. It is unlikely that Indian Ocean water penetrates the South China Sea.
THE COASTAL CURRENT SOUTH OF JAVA
Authors: Soeriaatmadja Raden E.
Published: August 2018

This paper concerns investigations of the hydrography of the waters south of Java, especially of the Java Coastal Current, which have been carried out by the Institute of Marine Research at Djakarta. It is based on (1) oceanographic observations made by the research vessel "SAMUDERA" in February 1957, (2) the surface salinity data of the years 1949—1955, consisting of about 700 observations which were collected by the Institute of Marine Research at Djakarta, and (3) the surface current data obtained from the Atlas of Oceanographic and Meteorological data of the Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut.
SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SURFACE SALINITY ALONG THE COAST OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF KALIMANTAN (BORNEO)
Authors: Sjarif Sjarmilah
Published: August 2018

The westerly current of the Java Sea from the southeast is branched to the north, along the eastcoast of Kalimantan (Borneo) as far as Cape Mangkalihat. This current brings high saline water, over 34.0 ‰, and increases the salinity along the coast of the southern part of Kalimantan, working together with the decreasing rains. In the westmonsoon, when the westward current has retreated and the easterly current from the South China Sea has developed, the northerly current along the eastcoast is replaced by a southerly current, from ,the Pacific. Under influence of the increasing rains and the large outflow of the rivers in the southern part of Kalimantan the salinity decreases rapidly, until a minimum value. This minimum is found irregularly during the diffferent months of the westmonsoon or the succeeding transition period. The lowest values are found in Sukadana Bay (29.0 ‰) and off Bandjarmasin (± 24.0 ‰). The further from this place, the higher the values. The maximum salinity is found during the months September and October in accordance with the minimum rainfall. The highest values are found in the eastern part of the investigated area (34.5 ‰). To the west it is lower, the more it is mixed with the low-saline water of the Java Sea. The salinity in the Karimata Strait is about 33.0 to 33.5 ‰.