bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Independensi Auditor, Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik, dan Professional Judgement Auditor terhadap Kinerja Auditor
Authors: Kristian Michelle
Published: September 2019

The objective of this research was to examine the influence of auditor independence, CPA firm size, and auditor’s professional judgement on audit quality. The research was conducted using a survey method to provide the questionnaires to auditors in CPA firms. The data used in this research was primary data. The population of this research is the auditors that work at CPA firm. The sample of this research is auditors that work at CPA firm in Jakarta and Tangerang that have minimum one year of experience in auditing. There are 256 questionnaires distributed for this research, but only 216 questionnaires returned and 127 questionnaires are used in this research using multiple linear regressions. The results of this study were (1) Auditor independence has significant influence on quality, (2) CPA firm size doesn’t have significant influence on audit quality, (3) Auditor’s professional judgement has significant influence on audit quality, (4) Auditor independence, CPA firm size, and auditor’s professional judgement simultaneously have significant influence on auditor performance.
Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility dan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Indeks Sri Kehati
Authors: Effendi Syahrul
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility and Good Corporate Governance to the profitability of a company incorporated in sri kehati index in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2011-2015. This research is a correlation regression testing as an article describing the phenomenon in the form of the relationship between variables. The research data was obtained from annual reports and financial sites Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). Samples used as many as 14 companies qualified financial reports, sustainability reports listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015. The sampling technique used literature. This study uses multiple regression analysis. Based on the analysis it can be concluded that the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility positive effect on NPM. Good Corporate Governance (Size commissioners) positive effect on ROE, ROA. Good Corporate Governance (Independent Commissioner) no positive effect on ROA and NPM. Good Corporate Governance (Audit Committee) positive effect on ROA and ROE.
Laparoscopic Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement with Chest Wall Exit Site for Neonate with Stoma
Authors: Ta Anh , Saxena Saurabh , Badru Faidah , Lee Ashley Sang Eun , Fitzpatrick Colleen M. , Villalona Gustavo A.
Published: September 2019

Neonates requiring peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters have been shown to have complication rates up to 70%. The presence of a concurrent stoma significantly increases the risk of peritonitis, exit-site infection, and catheter failure. As such, multiple techniques have been proposed to reduce these risks, including a chest wall exit site. In this case, the patient was born with bilateral hypoplastic kidneys and an anorectal malformation, requiring a colostomy soon after birth. At 4 weeks of life, he required placement of a PD catheter for dialysis. Given the high risk of infection, a laparoscopic-assisted PD catheter placement with a chest wall exit remote from the colostomy was performed. This report describes the operative technique including omentectomy, placement of a percutaneous stitch between the catheter cuffs, and fibrin glue injection around the catheter. The patient had no catheter-related infections. Laparoscopic-assisted PD catheter placement with chest wall exit site is a safe alternative in patients with any type of abdominal stoma.
Concurrent evaluation of independently cued features during perceptual decisions and saccadic targeting in visual search
Authors: Barrett Doug J. K. , Zobay Oliver
Published: September 2019

Simultaneous search for one of two targets is slower and less accurate than search for a single target. Within the Signal Detection Theoretic (SDT) framework, this can be attributed to the division of resources during the comparison of visual input against independently cued targets. The current study used one or two cues to elicit single- and dual-target searches for orientation targets among similar and dissimilar distractors. In Experiment 1, the accuracy of target discrimination in brief displays was compared at setsizes of 1, 2 and 4. Results revealed a reduction in accuracy that scaled with the product of set size and the number of cued targets. In Experiment 2, the accuracy and latency of observers’ saccadic targeting were compared. Fixations on single-target searches were highly selective towards the target. On dual-target searches, the requirement to detect one of two targets produced a significant reduction in target fixations and equivalent rates of fixations to distractors with opposite orientations. For most observers, the dual-target cost was predicted by an SDT model that simulated increases in decision-noise and the distribution of capacity-limited resources during the comparison of selected input against independently cued targets. For others, search accuracy was consistent with a single-item limit on perceptual decisions and saccadic targeting during search. These findings support a flexible account of the dual-target cost based on different strategies to resolve competition between independently cued targets.
In vitro effect of hyperthermic Ag and Au Fe3O4 nanoparticles in cancer cells
Authors: Katifelis Hector , Mukha Iuliia , Lyberopoulou Anna , Vityuk Nadiia , Grammatikaki Matina , Pylypchuk Ievgen , Lazaris Foivos , Storozhuk Liudmyla , Kouloulias Vassilios , Gazouli Maria
Published: September 2019

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer management have gained great attention the last decade. However, research is needed regarding the targeting potential, the therapeutic effects, in vitro/vivo stability and their cytotoxic effects in order to be successfully incorporated in the clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancerous effect of hyperthermic Fe3O4 core Αg(Au) shell NPs constructed with tryptophan as stabilizer and reducing agent. Both NPs have toxic effects after ionization, working as hyperthermic NPs. The toxic effect of hyperthermic NPs is minimized in non-cancerous HEK293 cells. We also studied the expression of hsp-70, bcl-2 and casp-3 in HEK293, HCT116, 4T1 and HUH7 cells and the expression of p53 in HEK293, HCT116 and HUH7. Our results show that Fe3O4 core Αg(Au) shell NPs induce apoptosis; 4T1 cells also undergo apoptosis via a p53-independent pathway. However, the role of tryptophan regarding the reduced toxic effects in non-cancerous cells requires further investigation.
Synthesis, structural characterization and biological activity of new pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine acyclonucleosides
Authors: Mojzych Mariusz , Karczmarzyk Zbigniew , Matysiak Joanna , Fruziński Andrzej
Published: September 2019

A series of new pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine acyclonucleosides 2-5 and 8 were prepared and evaluated for their anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, K-562) and CDK2/E as well as Abl protein kinases inhibitors. Lipophilicity of the compounds was determined using C-18 and IAM chromatography. In order to confirm molecular structures and synthesis pathway of new acyclonucleosides X-ray analysis was performed for model compound 3. Theoretical calculations at DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level were used for characterization electronic structures of 1–8. The potential antiviral activity of acyclonucleoside 2–8 was tested in silico using molecular docking method.
La réciprocité masquée par une domination imaginaire – 1
Authors: Laurens Stéphane
Published: September 2019

Le rapport des commissaires chargés par le roi Louis XVI de l’examen du magnétisme animal en 1784 décrit et critique de nombreuses guérisons attribuées au magnétisme animal, mais constate aussi les effets de ces passes magnétiques. Surtout il dévoile, grâce à une série d’études expérimentales, que les effets observés des passes magnétiques ne sont pas dus à une technique efficace, mais que l’imagination est la cause de ces effets. Plutôt que d’être la domination d’un magnétiseur savant, maîtrisant la pratique des passes magnétiques, ce rapport montre que, comme leurs magnétisés, les magnétiseurs sont dupes de leur imagination. L’apparence – un rapport de domination d’une source omnipotente sur une cible assujettie – masque la réalité des mécanismes d’influence : une interaction en alter ego partageant des croyances et un imaginaire commun.
Gestion(s) de conflit(s)
Authors: Dethier Rose-Marie
Published: September 2019

Les définitions et les approches philosophiques précèdent l’examen des causes psychologiques du conflit. Sont ensuite abordés successivement les niveaux d’intelligibilité, l’analyse transactionnelle, les séquences du conflit, ses stades et les attitudes face à un conflit. Sont alors traitées les actions-développement de compétences : la méta communication, l’assertivité, la fenêtre de Johari, la communication non violente. Sont enfin examinées diverses méthodes de résolution de conflits.
Les lectures d’enfance au prisme de l’adolescence
Authors: Talpin Jean-Marc
Published: September 2019

Le passage de l’enfance à l’adolescence trouve un de ses champs d’expression dans les pratiques de lecture. Celle-ci sera d’abord envisagée en tant que pratique sociale à la lumière des enjeux de liens, d’appartenance, d’identification et de contre-identification par rapport aux parents et à l’institution scolaire. Elle sera ensuite envisagée sous dans sa dimension intrapsychique comme soutien aux processus de symbolisation. De manière transversale, il sera aussi question des différents régimes de lecture, entre mouvements de régression vers l’infantile sécurisant et mouvement de revendication d’être adulte.
Transparence, accointance et modes de présentation
Authors: Gnassounou Bruno
Published: September 2019

Le néo-russellien et les néo-frégéen soutiennent tous deux que certaines de nos pensées sont irréductiblement singulières et que cette singularité tient à la relation d’accointance que nous avons avec l’objet de la pensée. Cette relation d’accointance semble imposer une condition de transparence recognitionnelle qui empêche de considérer que deux objets avec lesquels nous entretenons une relation d’accointance puissent être les mêmes, sans que nous sachions qu’ils le soient. Il faut soit abandonner une notion de transparence présentationnelle, comme le font certains néo-russelliens, en lui substituant une notion causale d’accointance, soit la conserver pour la rendre compatible avec les contraintes de Frege de Campbell. J’essaie de montrer que cette dernière rencontre de sévères difficultés, puisque la condition de transparence présentationnelle s’appliquant aux modes de présentation eux-mêmes, interdit à ces modes de remplir en même temps la double fonction qui est la leur : présenter un objet et le discriminer parmi d’autres.
Pensée singulière et conception normative de l’accointance
Authors: Soutif Ludovic
Published: September 2019

Dans cet article, je discute l’option théorique envisagée par Recanati dans Mental Files pour rendre compatibles deux affirmations potentiellement contradictoires : l’affirmation selon laquelle l’accointance est une condition nécessaire de la pensée singulière et l’affirmation que nous avons des pensées singulières ( i.e. portant sur des particuliers en tant que particuliers ) sans accointance. Cette option théorique s’appuie sur une interprétation normative de la contrainte d’accointance. Je montre qu’elle n’est pas viable en l’état, d’abord, parce que la norme à laquelle sont soumises les pensées singulières des utilisateurs de noms descriptifs n’ont pas, dans ce cadre, de conditions de satisfaction (déterminées) ; ensuite parce que le genre de simulation mentale qu’implique l’exploitation de cette norme y est décrit à tort comme une « retombée locale dans la fiction » ; enfin, parce que l’approche simulationniste laisse le problème des conditions de satisfaction de la norme d’accointance dans le temps sans réponse.
Philo : hors sujet
Authors: Billard Jacques
Published: September 2019

Plus à l’aise avec l’être qu’avec le néant, la philosophie de la mort se perd dans des chemins qui ne mènent nulle part.
Renaître par le suicide
Authors: Lecarme Jacques
Published: September 2019

Une stratégie littéraire méconnue mais efficace : pour se donner les meilleures chances d’une résurrection, via une belle biographie, se donner la mort.
Fausses fenêtres sur l’éternité
Authors: de Biasi Pierre-Marc
Published: September 2019

Notre culture des cycles courts soigne son incapacité pathologique à ressentir et à penser le temps vécu, en rêvant d’échapper à l’obsolescence programmée. Fin du deuil eugéniste, clonage et cryogénisation : le transhumanisme nous promet de tuer la mort, tandis que la collapsologie nous annonce la fin de l’espèce à brève échéance.
Montrez ce sexe que je ne saurais voir : genre et sexualité dans la série Sex Education (Netflix, 2019)
Authors: Biscarrat Laetitia
Published: September 2019

Diffusée en 2019 sur Netflix, bénéficiant d’un fort succès critique, la série Sex Education reprend les codes du teen drama pour proposer un discours inclusif sur la sexualité. L’article analyse les représentations de la sexualité que cette série met en scène sous l’angle des rapports de genre. Il ouvre des pistes de réflexion sur la portée et les limites de son succès ainsi que de son caractère subversif.
Le politique au bout de la matraque
Authors: Boukir Kamel
Published: September 2019

Pourquoi les jeunes des quartiers populaires fuient-ils la police alors qu’ils n’ont rien à se reprocher ? Cette enquête ethnographique au long cours montre que la fuite face à la police procède d’une tension interactionnelle qui se noue autour de l’hypervisibilité des « jeunes de cité ». En resituant la dynamique des stéréotypes entre jeunes et policiers dans une écologie des rencontres, l’article montre que la défiance des jeunes à l’égard des policiers ne procède ni d’une désorganisation sociale ni d’une culture de la violence, mais d’un rapport au politique. La fuite face à la police se situe au carrefour de l’autorité, de l’obéissance, du sens de la justice et de l’éthique du défi que développent les jeunes dans leur critique des moyens et des fins de l’usage de la force policière et de leur résistance à la violence illégitime. Le conflit apparaît alors comme constitutif du politique.
S’accorder sur ce qui est
Authors: Thireau Isabelle
Published: September 2019

L’article analyse le rassemblement public qui, depuis plus de vingt ans, surgit chaque soir sur une place publique de la ville chinoise de Tianjin. Il explore comment « faire ensemble » des exercices physiques et « se parler » de ce qui est ou de ce qui devrait être, sont des actions qui s’articulent ici pour faire apparaître une réalité sociale moins indéterminée, pour reconstruire des institutions de base qu’une expérience historique particulière a défaites.
Discrimination à l’embauche : retour sur deux décennies de testings en France
Authors: du Parquet Loïc , Petit Pascale
Published: September 2019

Cet article présente et discute les différents aspects de la méthode du testing : sa mise en œuvre, sa portée et ses limites. Un survol des principales études réalisées sur le marché du travail français depuis deux décennies montre l’existence de discriminations à l’embauche en raison du sexe, de l’origine, de la réputation du lieu de résidence et de la religion supposée des candidats à l’emploi.
Réduire les barrières financières à l’accès aux soins
Authors: Jusot Florence , Carré Benoît , Wittwer Jérôme
Published: September 2019

En France, le principe d’équité horizontale dans l’accès aux soins est au cœur du pacte de 1945, selon la maxime « De chacun selon ses moyens, à chacun selon ses besoins ». Pour autant, le système d’assurance maladie laisse depuis sa création une part du coût des soins à la charge des patients, afin notamment de les responsabiliser. Toutefois, ces instruments constituent des barrières financières à l’accès aux soins, qui sont autant de sources d’inégalités sociales de recours aux soins. Afin d’améliorer l’équité dans l’accès financier aux soins, diverses politiques ont été mises en œuvre au cours des dernières décennies. Cet article propose d’en tirer les leçons et de dresser le bilan des connaissances sur les inégalités de recours aux soins en France. L’essentiel des dispositifs ont consisté à introduire la gratuité de certains soins ou à réduire le coût de la complémentaire santé pour les ménages les plus modestes. Les évaluations disponibles démontrent l’efficacité de la gratuité, que celle-ci s’applique aux soins ou à l’assurance, même si elle peut conduire à une moindre qualité perçue ou à des discriminations lorqu’elle est assortie de tarifs plafonnés. La littérature converge également sur l’inefficacité des subventions à l’assurance. Les réformes les plus récentes, non encore évaluées, visent quant à elles à modérer les prix des soins mal couverts par l’assurance maladie. En dépit de ces dispositifs, il subsiste des inégalités de recours aux soins, à besoins de soins donnés, particulièrement importantes pour les soins de spécialistes, les soins dentaires et d’optique et les soins préventifs. La réduction des barrières financières est donc une condition nécessaire mais non suffisante pour atteindre l’équité en santé.
Impact d’un choc de santé sur les modes de vie, exploitation de la cohorte Gazel
Authors: Marsaudon Antoine , Rochaix Lise
Published: September 2019

Dans cet article les auteurs étudient l’impact d’un « choc de santé », c’est-à-dire la survenue brutale d’un accident ayant entraîné un recours aux soins sur la consommation hebdomadaire de tabac, d’alcool ainsi que sur l’Indice de masse corporel (IMC). En utilisant un modèle à effets fixes et des données de panel provenant de la cohorte Gazel, les résultats montrent que le choc de santé a un impact significatif sur ces comportements de santé. Plus précisément, il induit une baisse significative et durable de la consommation de tabac et d’alcool pendant, respectivement, 5 ans et 3 ans, mais n’influence pas l’IMC. Ces résultats sont à mettre en exergue avec ceux des tentatives d’arrêt ou de diminution de la consommation de tabac qui durent, en moyenne, 2,4 mois. Ce qui est 25 fois moins long que la diminution effective suite à un choc de santé. Ainsi, les résultats montrent que subir un choc de santé est un déterminant majeur de la durée de réduction de la consommation de tabac.
Determining Patient Candidacy for Antidepressant Use in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Goldberg Joseph F.
Published: September 2019

The psychiatric literature is filled with strong sentiments condemning antidepressant use as inappropriate or otherwise harmful to treatment outcomes in bipolar disorder. However, the literature from prospective controlled trials actually shows that monoaminergic antidepressants are neither all-good nor all-bad, but rather, like most medications, can be beneficial, detrimental, or ineffective according to individual patient subtypes and profiles. Large randomized trials point to lack of efficacy, more than risk for polarity switch or cycle acceleration, as the overriding concern when using antidepressants for bipolar disorder. Underappreciated is that the extant literature is based on only a small handful of antidepressants, with a striking lack of randomized trials using any antidepressants developed after 1999, limiting the extent to which class generalizations can be drawn fairly. Clinicians are encouraged to think of individualized bipolar patient candidacy for antidepressant use in light of identifiable patient-specific moderators of treatment outcome.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2019;49(9):386–391.]
Preparing Culturally Competent Practitioners
Authors: St Clair Anita , McKenry Leda
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Preparing culturally competent practitioners is critical, and evaluating the effect of experiences intended to move students toward cultural competence is important. This research study explored the relationship among short-term international nursing clinical immersion experiences, cultural self-efficacy, and cultural competence. A triangulated research design was used to explore the relationship among the variables with 200 senior undergraduate and graduate nursing students from a university in New England. Quantitative analysis found statistically significant differences in the achievement of cultural self-efficacy for the participants who completed the international clinical experiences versus those who remained in the United States. Qualitative analysis, used to further explain the quantitative results, found that the differences were related to international students' ability to overcome their ethnocentrism, experience a transformative perspective about being culturally aware and sensitive, as well as understand and integrate the patients' cultural practices and beliefs into the students' Western health care practices. It became apparent that something other than cultural self-efficacy had occurred for participants in the international immersion experiences. The students believed they had entered the arena of cultural competence. Short-term clinical cultural immersion experiences have relevance for assisting faculty to move nursing students toward an understanding and achievement of cultural competence in ways currently not possible with nonimmersion community cultural experiences.
Comparison of Mix-and-Match Implanted Bifocal IOLs and Bilateral Implanted Trifocal IOLs After Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Cataract Surgery
Authors: Yesilirmak Nilufer , Akova Yonca A. , Donmez Oya
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE:

To compare the visual performance of mix-and-match implanted bifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and bilateral implanted trifocal IOLs from the same manufacturer with the same IOL platform after femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).

METHODS:

This prospective, comparative, non-randomized study included patients who underwent FLACS (LenSx; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas) with bilateral implantation of bifocal IOLs (ReSTOR +2.50 D/+3.00 D; Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) or trifocal IOLs (PanOptix; Alcon Laboratories, Inc.). Visual acuities, manifest refraction, defocus curve, contrast sensitivity, quality of life measured by the Visual Function Index (VF-14), and spectacle independence were assessed at 6 months after surgery.

RESULTS:

A total of 70 eyes of 35 patients were included in this study. There was no difference in patient demographics and preoperative measurements between groups (
P
> .05). There was no difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity outcomes between groups (
P
> .05), but uncorrected intermediate visual acuity and uncorrected near visual acuity outcomes were significantly better in the PanOptix group (
P
< .01). Correspondingly, the binocular defocus curve of the PanOptix IOLs showed significantly better visual acuity between −1.00 and −3.00 diopters compared to the ReSTOR IOLs (
P
< .05). The PanOptix group showed higher contrast sensitivity scores than the ReSTOR group for 12 and 18 spatial frequencies in photopic conditions and for 18 spatial frequencies in mesopic conditions (
P
< .05). The average VF-14 score was similar between groups (
P
= .78). None of the patients required spectacles.

CONCLUSIONS:

Bilateral implanted PanOptix IOLs seem to provide better intermediate and near vision, defocus curve, and contrast sensitivity compared to mix-and-match implanted ReSTOR IOLs. However, similar vision-related quality of life and spectacle independence were achieved with both IOLs.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(9):559–564.]
Rapid Automatic Slung Load Operations with Unmanned Helicopters
Authors: Haviland Stephen , Bershadsky Dmitry N. , Johnson Eric N.
Published: September 2019

Slung load operations often involve following conservative flight paths to prevent unwanted swing of the load. However, doing so often limits the maneuvering capability of the system and increases the time to complete trajectories. This work investigates methods to rapidly move a slung
load with a helicopter with the intent to deliver it quickly and precisely to a fixed point. Inspired by prior work utilizing differential flatness, which is a property of certain systems that allow for advantageous controllers to be developed for nonlinear systems, the controller developed
does not require instrumentation of the load or the ability to estimate the state of the load but does not preclude it. A feedforward and feedback controller was developed that modifies the helicopter commands based on the desired load path. The controller is simplified by neglecting selected
higher order terms and modeling the load as a point-mass. An adaptive dynamic inversion controller is used to control the helicopter. A fixed downward-facing camera is used to provide estimates of load position for the feedback controller. Simulation and flight-test results are shown using
a Yamaha R-MAX helicopter to validate the proposed method.
A global approach for plantar fasciitis with extracorporeal shockwaves treatment
Authors: Giordani Federico , Bernini Andrea , Müller-Ehrenberg Hannes , Stecco Carla , Masiero Stefano
Published: September 2019

Extracorporeal Shockwaves Treatment is considered an effective therapeutic option for plantar fasciitis, but the standard application in the medial insertion of the plantar fascia on the calcaneus has provided ambiguous evidences. In this case, a 63-year man with plantar fasciitis was treated in a 3-session program and Foot and Ankle Outcome Scale and Foot Functional Index questionnaires were chosen for the clinical outcome evaluation. The therapy was focused on the active trigger or myofascial points of the leg, thigh and pelvis in order to return the correct equilibrium of the myofascial system of the whole limb. The patient has already reported an improvement after the second session (FAOS: 76 vs 33, FFI: 85%) which was confirmed in the third one and in the 1-month follow up (FAOS: 79, FFI: 6%) Results suggest that plantar fasciitis may be due to proximal rigidity or tension of the fascia and a global approach using ESWT may have a similar or better outcome respect to the standard application.
Comparison of aeroallergen sensitisation patterns in the United States and Europe
Authors: Conti Luca , Gatt Kelly , Zammit Christopher , Montefort Stephen , Bilocca David
Published: September 2019

The global prevalence of allergic diseases have increased considerably and are a major socio-economic burden. Asthma is a complex disease and understanding asthma phenotypes and endotypes could eventually lead to individualised management, and offer better symptom control and quality of life. In this review, we first summarise the pathogenesis of atopic asthma and delve into the assessment of sensitisation to aeroallergens through skin prick testing and serological testing with total and specific immunoglobulin E testing. We will then analyse the distribution of aeroallergen sensitisation patterns in the United States and Europe and its effect on the population. This review gives a comprehensive overview on atopy and it compares the prevalence and effect of atopy within various regions of both continents using data from large multicentre studies. We will conclude this review by discussing the efficacy of add-on treatments in the most prevalent severe asthma phenotypes and endotypes.
It doesn’t make sense, but we do: framing disease in an online metastatic breast cancer support community
Authors: Anderson Ariane B.
Published: September 2019

Using Weick’s sensemaking as a conceptual framework to investigate online discussions between members of a Facebook group of metastatic breast cancer patients, and using thematic analysis to examine textual threads between group members, this research examines participants’ framing of cancer survivorship. Participants in peer-to-peer disease support groups, which are not led by medical experts, communicate differently among themselves in order to cope with chronic and terminal illness. Perceptions of survivorship of late stage patients versus early stage patients differ for a variety of reasons, with late stage patients understanding their illness trajectory more often as chronic and declining. This analysis identified three properties of sensemaking used by members to manage their disease: identity, retrospective, and enactment. Results indicate that peer-to-peer online support group communication engenders distinct framing logics that members draw upon for group support as they manage a chronic and terminal disease.
Maternal HIV infection and preterm delivery outcomes at an urban district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal 2011
Authors: Naidoo Mergan , Sartorius Benn , Tshimanga-Tshikala Guy
Published: September 2019

Background: The seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnant women attending public facilities in KwaZulu-Natal province in 2011 was 37%, the highest in South Africa. An association between the HIV status of the pregnant women and preterm delivery, with associated poorer clinical outcomes, has been reported in many studies. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between preterm delivery and maternal HIV infections at an urban district hospital in KwaZuluNatal in 2011.Method: The associations and outcomes of preterm deliveries at a high patient load urban district hospital were determined using a retrospective cohort study.Results: Of the 250 consecutively enrolled patients, 23 women (9%) [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.90–13.50] delivered 25 preterm infants. Ninety-two women (37%) (95% CI: 30.80–43.10) were found to be HIV positive, of whom 13 (14%) (95% CI: 7.70– 23.00) delivered preterm neonates, compared to 10 of the 158 women (6%) (95% CI: 3.10–11.30) of the HIV-negative mothers. HIV-positive mothers were significantly more likely (~ 4 fold) to have preterm deliveries than their HIV-negative counterparts, following multivariable adjustment [odds ratio (OR) 4.09, 95% CI: 1.37–12.17] (p 0.010). Hypertension was the only other risk factor to remain significantly associated with preterm delivery following multivariable adjustment (OR 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02–0.28) (p 0.001).Conclusion: The risk of preterm delivery is elevated in HIV-infected pregnant women. HIV-positive pregnant women should be targeted for improved antenatal care and intensive counselling.
Molecular detection and characterisation of mumps virus in cerebrospinal fluid in a Gauteng laboratory
Authors: Brauer Marieke , Wolfaardt Marianne , Webber Lynne M. , Taylor Maureen B.
Published: September 2019

The study aimed to determine the presence of mumps virus (MuV) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens and to genetically characterise detected MuV strains. A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the MuV F gene, and characterisation was performed by sequencing of the SH gene. Mumps virus was detected in 1.2% (3/260) of specimens. Phylogenetic analysis of one MuV strain revealed that it clustered with the Jeryl-Lynn and RIT4385 vaccine strains. As far as the authors could ascertain this is the first study to provide viral proof that these vaccine-like strains may be associated with aseptic meningitis.
Cryptococcosis in apparently immune-competent patients: taxonomy, epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment
Authors: Wake Rachel , Govender Nelesh P.
Published: September 2019

No abstract available.
Zika virus disease: a public health emergency
Authors: Jansen van Vuren P. , Kemp A. , Paweska J.
Published: September 2019

No abstract available.
Interferon alpha in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Moodley K. , Bill P. L. A. , Patel V. B.
Published: September 2019

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by the measles virus. Spontaneous remission and survival longer than 4 years is rare. The disease commonly affects children and adolescents from less privileged socio-economic backgrounds. Prior to immunisation, the incidence of SSPE in South Africa (SA) was 2.6/100 000 people per year, which is higher than the global estimate of 1/1 000 000 per year. The post-immunisation incidence has dropped to 0.43/100 000 people per year. Currently, there is no curative treatment for SSPE. In developed countries, patients have been treated with antiviral therapy and interferon alpha (IFNα) with promising results. There have been no reported studies of children with SSPE treated with IFNα in South Africa. We report on a patient successfully treated with intraventricular INFα.
The presence and spectrum of bacteria colonising mobile phones of staff and caregivers in high disease burden paediatric and neonatal wards in an urban teaching hospital in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Bobat Raziya , Archary Moherndran , Lawler Melissa , Mawlana Sajeeda , Naidoo Kimesh L. , Maphumulo Sandra , Coovadia Yacoob
Published: September 2019

Background: Hospital acquired infections are on the increase worldwide. A possible source for transmission is the presence of microorganisms on mobile phones which are carried by increasing numbers of medical and nursing staff, students, and caregivers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Samples were obtained from medical and nursing staff, students, and caregivers from the paediatric wards (85 beds), and the neonatal unit (40 beds) at King Edward VIII Hospital (KEH), Durban. Mobile phones of participants were sampled, with sterile swabs, without prior warning. The swabs were transported promptly to the laboratory and cultured onto colistin, nalidixic acid agar and MacConkey agar plates. All positive cultures were identified using standard laboratory tests.Results: Of the 100 mobile phones sampled, 30 were contaminated with bacteria. Gram-positive microorganisms were more frequently cultured than Gram-negative microorganisms (29 vs. 7). Significantly more caregivers had contaminated phones (54.17% vs. 22.37%, p value = 0.003). Caregivers’ phones were predominantly contaminated with Staphylococcus spp. (41.67%). More phones in the general wards (37.5%) and nursery (32.5%) were contaminated compared to the gastroenteritis ward (10%).Conclusions: Our results indicate that one third of the mobile phones carried in the paediatric wards are contaminated. Caregivers had the highest likelihood of carrying mobile phones that were contaminated, with the lowest rate among the nursing staff. Caregivers’ phones were also more likely to have multiple microorganisms. The lowest rate of contamination was found in the gastroenteritis ward, possibly due to a heightened awareness of the need for handwashing.
Malaria reduces globally but rebounds across southern Africa
Authors: Blumberg Lucille , Frean John
Published: September 2019

No abstract available.
FIDSSA 2017 Congress Abstracts Oral Presentations
Authors: Messina A. , Swart K. , Maslo C. , Van den Bergh D.
Published: September 2019

No abstract available.
Environmental factors influencing the distribution and prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium in school attenders of ILembe and uThungulu Health Districts, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Banhela Nkosinathi , Taylor Myra , Zulu Siphosenkosi G. , Strabo Linnea S. , Kjetland Eyrun F. , Gunnar Svein
Published: September 2019

Schistosoma haematobium infection is reported to facilitate the development of urogenital diseases. Its symptoms include haematuria, dysuria and tiredness, and it may cause cognitive decline in children. The prevalence of S. haematobium infection needs to be known in endemic areas and a mass treatment programme against the disease implemented. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium infection in ILembe and uThungulu health districts, using the major symptom, haematuria, as an indicator. A total of 6 265 urine samples, from 96 rural schools, was collected for analysis using dipsticks. The prevalence of haematuria in the ILembe health district was 37% (95% CI, 35–39%) for boys and 39% (95% CI, 37–41%) for girls. The prevalence of haematuria in the uThungulu health district was 56% (95% CI, 53– 59%) and 53% (95% CI, 50–56%) for girls and boys, respectively. Light-intensity infection was the most common infection level in both health districts. A negative relationship was observed between prevalence and altitude (r = −0.262, p = 0.009); whereas, we found a slight, though significant, positive association with mid-summer temperatures (r = 0.234, p = 0.021). Associations between prevalence and distance of school to the nearest river were non-significant.
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever presenting with undiagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia†
Authors: Coetzee Marius J. , Blumberg Lucille H. , Paweska Janusz T. , Leman Pat , Swanepoel Robert , De Kock André
Published: September 2019

A patient with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) presented with a high white cell count and splenomegaly. Underlying chronic myeloid leukaemia was diagnosed. The management of this complex case was difficult, and the patient demised. This case illustrates that in patients with an acute febrile illness with haemorrhage, a thorough history and examination, as well as a high index of suspicion for concurrent conditions, is important.
Trends in diagnostic techniques and factors associated with tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Lesotho, 2010–2015
Authors: Mugomeri Eltony , Bekele Bisrat S. , Maibvise Charles , Tarirai Clemence
Published: September 2019

Tuberculosis is a global public health problem. Lesotho, a sub-Saharan country with high HIV and tuberculosis burden, launched the Three I’s programme of the World Health Organization in 2013. However, the outcomes of this intervention are scarcely known. This study evaluated the profile of tuberculosis diagnostic techniques used, treatment outcomes and the associated factors across the baseline period (2010–2012) and after the launch of the Three I’s programme (2013–2015) based on a retrospective cohort review of patient records at a major clinic in Maseru, Lesotho. In total, 812 cases with complete records from 1 066 randomly selected cases treated (every second case from the sampling frame) were included in the study. Factor analysis was based on logistic regression analysis. The use of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF technique remained below 20% throughout the study period. Overall, 28.9% (n = 812) cases had unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment. Male gender (p = 0.046), extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (p = 0.002) and treatment observation by community health workers (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome. Overall, treatment outcomes did not differ significantly (p = 0.636) before and after the launch of the intervention. These findings indicate the need to strengthen the implementation of the Three I’s programme, taking into account the significant factors in this study.
Epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Africa in review
Authors: Lupindu Athumani M.
Published: September 2019

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is responsible for intestinal and extra-intestinal disease syndromes in human. Isolation of the pathogen from animals, food, clinical samples and environment has been reported from all continents. A review of STEC O157:H7 in Africa from a structured literature search of the PubMed electronic database is presented. It describes the epidemiological status of the pathogen on the aspects of source, transmission, pathogenesis, disease syndromes, diagnosis, disease burden and the challenges in treatment and control strategies. About a quarter of African countries have reported isolation of STEC O157:H7 either from humans, animals, food or the environment. Different methods have been used in detection of the pathogen. Most reported human infections do not show temporal relationships with reports of isolation of the pathogen from other sources such as animals, water or food. Lack of a direct link between isolates from humans and other sources makes it difficult to point out incident specific determinants and direction of transmission. The aim of this review is to give an insight into the features of STEC O157:H7 infection in Africa and draw the attention of various stakeholders to the public health threat of the pathogen for possible interdisciplinary and multi-sectoral joint efforts in the control strategies.
Initiatives from the Federation of Infectious Diseases Societies of Southern Africa (FIDSSA) to tackle infectious diseases in South Africa and the region
Authors: Govender N P , Reubenson G
Published: September 2019

No abstract available.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the setting of HIV hyperendemicity at a tertiary hospital in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Gounden S. , Perumal R. , Magula N. P.
Published: September 2019

Background: South Africa has the highest burden of tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV) co-infection in the world, with the province of KwaZulu-Natal representing the global epicentre of TB/HIV. While significant progress has been made to improve the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, the diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) remains a significant challenge in resource-constrained settings. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted, and included all adult patients diagnosed with EPTB at a tertiary hospital in Durban, South Africa, between January 1, 2016 and March 31, 2016.Results: There were 188 new cases of TB during the study period, with 80 patients diagnosed with EPTB. The mean age of patients was 34.73 (SD ± 9.44) years. Forty-two (52.5%) patients were female, while 76 (96%) were black. The most common risk factor for EPTB was HIV co-infection (88.8%). The median CD4 cell count was 68 (IQR 32–165) cells/mm3. Pleural (36.3%), lymph node (28.7%) and abdominal (27.5%) involvement were the most common sites of disease Weight loss, fever, night sweats and cough were amongst the most common symptoms reported. A microbiologically confirmed diagnosis was made in only 65% of cases. In the majority of cases, more than one diagnostic method was used to confirm the presence of TB in distant organs.Conclusion: Immunosuppression, most commonly by HIV, remains the most significant risk factor for the development of EPTB. Advancements in Xpert MTB/Rif and computed tomography have assisted in increasing the diagnostic armamentarium of EPTB. Despite improved access to antiretroviral therapy over the past years, advanced HIV disease remains a significant challenge to TB control.
Use of rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests for the elimination of congenital syphilis: what is the evidence?
Authors: Kularatne Ranmini
Published: September 2019

Congenital syphilis constitutes a major preventable public health problem, that has been targeted for elimination by the World Health Organisation. Adverse pregnancy outcomes occur in upto 80% of untreated maternal syphilis. National impact targets for elimination include 95% syphilis testing and treatment coverage for pregnant women. Screening and treatment of maternal syphilis should ideally happen at the first ante-natal clinic visit. This may be facilitated by the use of rapid point-of-care tests (POCTs), especially for healthcare centres with limited laboratory access. There are several commercial syphilis POCTs, some of which also screen for HIV infection. These have different technical specifications, and their performance characteristics vary when capillary fingerprick whole blood is used for testing in a clinic setting. Syphilis POCT implementation in ante-natal care is affordable and rational in resource-constrained settings; however, managers and policy makers should be aware of the various programmatic issues that need to be addressed in the preimplementation phase and monitored over time.
Health seeking and sexual behaviour of men presenting with sexually transmitted infections in two primary health care clinics in Durban
Authors: Nyalela M. , Dlungwane T. , Taylor M. , Nkwanyana N.
Published: September 2019

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major public health problem globally, with men being the main transmitters of infections. A high prevalence of curable STIs is reported in adults aged between 15 and 49 years, and the delay in seeking treatment has adverse consequences for both the individual and population.Objective: A study was undertaken to assess the factors associated with the health seeking and sexual behaviour of men presenting with STIs at the two primary health care sites in eThekwini metropolitan area.Method: A cross-sectional study design with systematic random sampling was used. Data were collected using an intervieweradministered questionnaire and analysed using STATA.Results: Some 23% of the 134 participants delayed coming to the clinic after noticing the signs and symptoms of an STI. Participants were 5.89 (95% CI 1.49–23.32) times more likely to delay seeking treatment if they sought medical help only when perceiving an illness to be severe, and three times more likely to delay (borderline result) if they only used a condom when sober (OR 3.16; 95% CI 0.99–10.06). Staff stigma and the bad attitude of nurses were factors that delayed men visiting the clinic for STI treatment and this was reported by 76 (56.7%) of the participants.Conclusion: Delayed health seeking behaviour amongst men with STIs remains a major challenge. Appropriate interventions are required to deal with factors associated with delayed health seeking behaviour amongst men with STIs.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors regarding isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV/AIDS patients at Odi District Hospital, Gauteng province, South Africa
Authors: Abdulrazaak A. T. , Govender I. , Nzaumvila D.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) can reduce the overall risk of active tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) by up to 62%. As a result the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) have recommended IPT provision as a global strategy to reduce the prevalence of TB for PLHIV. However, whilst there are 84 countries supporting the provision of IPT in their policies, less than 1% of PLHIV in those countries are currently receiving IPT. Approximately 65% of TB patients in South Africa are HIV co-infected. Despite this fact, doctors are hesitant to prescribe IPT to TB-negative HIV-infected patients. Many doctors are also unaware of the current IPT guidelines of South Africa. This study sought to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors regarding IPT for patients infected with HIV at Odi Hospital in Gauteng.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken with a standardised questionnaire administered to 51 doctors working at Odi Hospital.Results: There were 51 respondents, many doctors (43.1%) having an excellent knowledge of IPT. Although one-third of the doctors were dispassionate about IPT provision, the majority of respondents (54.9%) had positive attitudes towards IPT provision. On average the doctors had good practices regarding IPT provision (35.3%). There were 12 (23.5%) doctors who were trained for IPT implementation. Although training was not associated with doctors’ knowledge or attitudes towards IPT, it was associated with the practice of IPT implementation.Conclusion: Irrespective of their position, doctors at Odi District Hospital need formal training on the implementation of IPT, as this increases their confidence in IPT and their implementation practices.