bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Efficacy of HIPEC Through Bromelain: A Preclinical Investigation in Appendiceal Cancer
Authors: Wajih Nadeem , Erali Richard A. , Forsythe Steven D. , Schaaf Cecilia R. , Shen Perry , Levine Edward A. , Soker Shay , Morris David L. , Votanopoulos Konstantinos I.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Appendiceal cancer (AC) excessive mucin production is a barrier to heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) drug delivery. Bromelain is a pineapple stem extract with mucolytic properties. We explored bromelain treatment effects against mucinous AC in a patient-derived tumor organoid (PTO) model and an AC cell line.

Patients and Methods

PTOs were fabricated from tumor specimens obtained from patients with AC undergoing cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC. PTOs underwent HIPEC treatment with bromelain, cisplatin, and mitomycin C (MMC) at 37 °C and 42 °C with and without bromelain pretreatment.

Results

From October 2020 to May 2023, 16 specimens were collected from 13 patients with low-grade (12/16, 75%) and high-grade AC (4/16, 25%). The mucin-depleting effects of bromelain were most significant in combination with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) compared with bromelain (47% versus 10%, p = 0.0009) or NAC alone (47% versus 12.8%, p = 0.0027). Bromelain demonstrated > 31% organoid viability reduction at 60 min (p < 0.001) and > 66% in 48 h (p < 0.0001). Pretreatment with bromelain increased cytotoxicity of both cisplatin and MMC HIPEC conditions by 31.6% (p = 0.0001) and 35.5% (p = 0.0001), respectively. Ki67, CK20, and MUC2 expression decreased after bromelain treatment; while increased caspase 3/7 activity and decreased Bcl-2 (p = 0.009) and Bcl-xL (p = 0.01) suggest induction of apoptosis pathways. Furthermore, autophagy proteins LC3A/B I (p < 0.03) and II (p < 0.031) were increased; while ATG7 (p < 0.01), ATG 12 (p < 0.04), and Becline 1(p < 0.03), expression decreased in bromelain-treated PTOs.

Conclusions

Bromelain demonstrates cytotoxicity and mucolytic activity against appendiceal cancer organoids. As a pretreatment agent, it potentiates the cytotoxicity of multiple HIPEC regimens, potentially mediated through programmed cell death and autophagy.
Isolation and identification of Actinomycetes with antifungal activity from karts ecosystem in Maros-Pangkep, Indonesia
Authors: RANTE HERLINA , MANGGAU MARIANTI A. , ALAM GEMINI , PAKKI ERMINA , ERVIANI ANDI EVI , HAFIDAH NUR , ABIDIN HAMDAYANI LANCE , ALI ALIMUDDIN
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Rante H, Manggau MA, Alam G, Pakki E, Erviani AE, Hafidah N, Abidin HL, Ali A. 2024. Isolation and identification of Actinomycetes with antifungal activity from karts ecosystem in Maros-Pangkep, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 458-464. Actinomycetes have yielded various biologically active secondary compounds with intriguing properties like antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer effects. This research aimed to isolate, identify, and screen the antifungi from soil environmental samples collected from the karst ecosystem in Maros-Pangkep, Indonesia. The active isolate is then fermented for the production of secondary metabolites. The fermentation process uses an M1 medium under agitated conditions at 150 rpm for 12 days. The isolate Actinomycetes were identified based on sequence gen 16S rRNA. Screening of antifungal activity was carried out against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 by antagonistic test. The diffusion method was applied using the paper disc to assess the antifungal activity. The result revealed that 8 isolates were purified from the soil samples collected. From the 8 isolates of Actinomycetes obtained, two Actinomycetes exhibited antifungal activities in the screening methods, namely isolates with code B11 and B 17. The crude extract of isolate B11 was active against C. albicans and A. niger at concentrations of 2 mg/paper disc, 1.5 mg/paper disc, and 0.75 mg/paper disc. Furthermore, isolate B17 was found to be only active against C. albicans. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that B11 showed the highest similarity to Streptomyces tuirus strain NBRC 15617.
Diversity of disease-carrying mosquito vectors in potential areas of dengue fever in Palembang City, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: LISTIONO HERU , DAMIRI NURHAYATI , KAMALUDDIN TOTONG , IRSAN CHANDRA
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Listiono H, Damiri N, Kamaluddin T, Irsan C. 2024. Diversity of disease-carrying mosquito vectors in potential areas of dengue fever in Palembang City, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 474-481. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are biting insects commonly found in many areas on earth in subtropics and tropics, especially around residential areas. So far, more than 2500 species have been recorded from various parts of the world. They are the main vectors of many diseases in humans and livestock caused by viruses and parasites. Mosquito diversity and disease transmission are influenced by landscape modifications, namely vectors and pathogens. The study aimed to evaluate the distribution, prevalence and abundance of mosquito species in potential dengue fever districts in Palembang city. The study was conducted in 2 two sub-districts in Palembang City, namely Gandus and Seberang Ulu I that represent housing environment, schools and gardens. Mosquito capture was done during three periods 06.00-10.00, 15.00-18.00, and 19.00-21.00 to align with their active hours. This involved active human landing collection method. 200 ovitraps were set up in both regions to assess the density of mosquitoes. The results showed that the diversity index values in Gandus and the Seberang Ulu I sub-districts were 0.781 and 0.756, respectively. Both values were categorized as low diversity index. Furthermore, the dominance index in Gandus and Seberang Ulu 1 sub-district were 0.105 and 0.031, respectively. It meant that there were no dominant mosquito species in both sub-districts. Based on the results of Independent t-test analysis, it was found that the average number of mosquito populations in Gandus sub-district was 25.07 and Seberang Ulu I sub-district was 13.29. From the results of the analysis it was found that there was no difference in average number of mosquito populations between Gandus and Seberang Ulu I sub-district, with a p-value of 0.367. Further research needs to be directed at uncovering mosquito distribution patterns and their potential as disease vectors, the risk of infectious diseases, and the need for further prevention to reduce the number of disease incidences.
Exploring vegetation's role in enhancing ant-based coffee berry borer control in an agroforestry system
Authors: HARYADI NANANG TRI , KURNIANTO AGUNG SIH , DEWI NILASARI , SUKMA GELANG ARUM KEMANGI , DEVARIGATA ERVATAMIA SYAH , SUYITNO YESSICA MELIA RANI , MAGVIRA NUR LAILA , FIRDAUS ANGGUN SAUSAN
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Haryadi NT, Kurnianto AS, Dewi N, Sukma GAK, Devarigata ES, Suyitno YMR, Magvira NL, Firdaus AS. 2024. Exploring vegetation's role in enhancing ant-based coffee berry borer control in an agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 25: 491-501. The coffee industry faces a serious threat from coffee berry borer pests, causing significant economic losses. This research aims to explore the potential of using ants as a biological control method in coffee plantations, as well as the influence of shade on ant communities. The research was conducted in the Sumberjambe and Silo Sub-districts using purposive sampling methods to collect ant specimens with the beating sheet method. Specimens were identified in the laboratory, and data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the Evenness index, and the Margalef species richness index. The results showed 17 ant genera in Sumberjambe and 13 in Silo, with 7 of them acting as predators. The analysis indicated low diversity (H’=0.88-1.56) with the dominance of the Dolichoderus and Lasius genera at both locations. A high evenness index in Sumberjambe (E=0.75) indicated a uniform distribution, whereas a moderate value in Silo indicated a less uniform ant distribution (E=0.45). Species richness at both locations was considered low (Dmg=0.66-0.91). Comparative tests between the two locations did not show a significant difference in the diversity of ants that could potentially act as predators. This study also includes an analysis of tree species vegetation at the agroforestry sites, with Albizia chinensis trees showing the highest importance value in Silo (INP=209.37). This indicates the significant role of this plant in the ant agroforestry community. The Tapinoma genus (Pearson corr.=0.996, p-value=0.0467) and Solenopsis genus (Pearson corr.=0.993, p-value=0.0432) showed a very strong positive correlation with Albizia plants. However, some other combinations showed weaker correlations or approached zero, indicating that the number of vegetation species did not greatly influence their presence or abundance. This research provides insight into the diversity of ants, their potential role as predators of the coffee berry borer, and the relationship between ants and vegetation on two coffee-based agroforestry fields in Jember District, Indonesia.
Local harvest of pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in the Kao River, Boven Digoel District, Southern Papua, Indonesia
Authors: KUSRINI MIRZA D. , TRIANTORO RICHARD GATOT N. , MANURUNG RAMDANI , SETIAWAN REZKY AGUST , KIM NAMHONG
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Kusrini MD, Triantoro RGN, Manurung R, Setiawan RA, Kim N. 2024. Local harvest of pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in the Kao River, Boven Digoel District, Southern Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 522-532. The pig-nosed turtle has been harvested in the Papuan region, including Merauke area in South Papua province, Indonesia. This study aimed to observe the harvesting characteristics of pig-nosed turtles around the Kao River in Boven Digoel district, South Papua. We interviewed harvesters, collectors, and village officials and participated in harvesting during harvest season, coinciding with the nesting season in August to early November 2022. The use of the pig-nosed turtle on the Kao River is primarily for eggs, not for meat. The collected eggs were incubated in an ex-situ hatchery until the juvenile form was sold to the collectors. All egg harvesters are local Papuans, while collectors or buyers are generally of non-Papuan descent. Harvesting is carried out by local people in land-owned nesting habitats as part of their inheritance-based customary rights. At least 23 clans from two tribes in the Kao River have the customary rights to harvest pig-nosed turtle eggs. Since harvesting has been carried out for more than 10 years, there is a need to ensure that harvesting will be sustainable without sacrificing the local communities' economic benefit.
Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators to detect the level of water pollution in the upstream segment of Brantas River Watershed in Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: HERTIKA ASUS MAIZAR SURYANTO , SUDARYANTI SRI , MUSA MUHAMMAD , AMRON KASYFUL , PUTRA RENANDA BAGHAZ DZULHAMDHANI SURYA , ALFARISI MUHAMMAD ASNIN , HIDAYAT M. ROSYIDI , PERTIWI MAYA , HALIMAH MARSA FATIN
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Hertika AMS, Sudaryanti S, Musa M, Amron K, Putra RBDS, Alfarisi MA, Hidayat MR, Pertiwi M, Halimah MF. 2024. Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators to detect the level of water pollution in the upstream segment of Brantas River Watershed in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 632-643. The Brantas River is the second longest river on the island of Java after the Bengawan Solo River. The current condition of the Brantas River is facing a worrying decline in water quality due to community activities in the surrounding area. This decline can have a negative impact on both aquatic biota and community welfare. To assess water quality, one method involves the use of biological indicators, specifically benthic macroinvertebrates. The objective of this research is to assess the water quality upstream of the Brantas River by using benthic macroinvertebrate as bioindicators. The assessment is based on the community structure, Biological Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon (BMWP-ASPT) method and physico-chemical water parameters. This research was conducted at 10 sampling stations with 5 stations located in Batu City and 5 stations located in Malang City. The benthic macroinvertebrate result consists of 8 classes, 53 families. namely Bivalves (2 families), Clitellata (2 families), Gastropoda (5 families), Hirudinea (1 family), Insecta (35 families), Malacostraca (4 families), Oligochaeta (2 families), Polychaeta (1 family), and Turbellaria (1 family). The abundance of macroinvertebrates ranged from 181-2879 individuals/m2, while the diversity index ranged from 0.563-2.988. The evenness index ranged from 0.208-0.870, while the Simpson dominance index ranged from 0.061-0.799. The ASPT range of the upstream segment of Brantas River was found to be between 2.80-6.19, indicating a variation in water conditions from poor to excellent. The physico-chemical water as supporting parameters is still optimal, except for ammonia, total organic matter, and total dissolved parameters that exceed the quality standard. The results of this research show that based on benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators, the BMWP-ASPT index and water quality parameters as support, upstream to downstream the Brantas River watershed in Malang City has poor to very good quality. This is due to anthropogenic activities in land use which can disrupt the quality of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, local governments need to manage waterfall ecosystems well by controlling human activities around them.
Mangrove distribution to support biodiversity management in Teluk Bintuni District, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: KASIHIW PETRUS , BAWOLE RONI , MARWA JONNI , MURDJOKO AGUSTINUS , WIHYAWARI ALEXANDER , HEIPON YUNO , CABUY REINARDUS LIBORIUS , BENU NITHANEL MIKAEL HENDRIK , HEMATANG FRANCINE , LEFTUNGUN NICOLAUS Y.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Kasihiw P, Bawole R, Marwa J, Murdjoko A, Wihyawari A, Heipon Y, Cabuy RL, Benu NMH, Hematang F, Leftungun NY. 2024. Mangrove distribution to support biodiversity management in Teluk Bintuni District, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 644-653. Mangroves play an important role in coastal ecosystems, but the areas of mangroves are decreasing globally. Understanding the ecological and geographical distribution of mangroves will be useful to develop sustainable management and policy. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the ecological and geographical distribution of mangroves in Teluk Bintuni, West Papua, Indonesia. The distribution of mangroves was investigated to see the relationships between elevation and the number of individual mangroves at the family level. Vegetation data were collected by setting 180 circular plots and geographical data were obtained from secondary sources. Our study revealed that Rhizophoraceae family was found in all plots with 97.78% presence, whereas Acanthaceae and Meliaceae families were found in half of the plots with 65% and 60.56% presence, respectively. Lythraceae, Primulaceae, Malvaceae, and Arecaceae were only found in 15% of the plots. Elevation affected significantly the presence of mangroves which there mainly occurred in elevation between 10-30 m asl, while they were lower in below 10 m asl and above 30 m asl. Species belonging to Acanthaceae and Lythraceae, such as those from the genera of Avicennia and Sonneratia, were found more abundant in the low elevation (seaward zone) than in the higher elevation (landward zone). In contrast, species belonging to Meliaceae and Rhizophoraceae were more abundant in the landward zone with the presence of genera Xylocarpus, Bruguiera, Ceriops, and Rhizophora. The distribution of Arecaceae, Malvaceae, and Primulaceae did not show a significant pattern where they appeared randomly in mangrove forests. Geographically, 12.43% area of Teluk Bintuni District was mangroves which mainly occurred in the eastern and southern parts. Based on forest status, 2.23%, 35.60%, 10.46%, and 51.71% of mangroves in Teluk Bintuni occur in non-forestry use areas (Area Penggunaan Lain/APL), conservation forest (Hutan Konservasi) in the form of nature reserve, protected forest (Hutan Lindung), and production forest (Hutan Produksi), respectively. As the mangrove ecosystem has been part of local people, the specific management to support biodiversity in mangrove forests must be put officially in the development program.
Community livelihood assets of forest village management in Nanga Lauk Village, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ROSLINDA EMI , SABATHINO PEDRO , PRATAMA YOGI ANDITIYA , SUPRIADI SUPRIADI , EVA JULIANA
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Roslinda E, Sabathino P, Pratama YA, Supriadi, Eva J. 2024. Community livelihood assets of forest village management in Nanga Lauk Village, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 664-672. Village forest is a community-based forest management scheme in the social forestry program. At the same time, the management of village forest is local village communities that fulfill their daily needs by utilizing existing natural resources. Nanga Lauk Village Forest Management has successfully carried out activities on the social forestry program. This study aims to explain the livelihood system of the Nanga Lauk Village community to meet the family's living needs in managing the village forest. The study was conducted using a survey method in Nanga Lauk Village, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, and the community was used as informants. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews guided by a list of questions, documentation, and a review of supporting literature. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, qualitatively and by Pentagon asset analysis. The assets owned by the people of the Nanga Lauk Village are resources of human, natural, financial, social, and physical. Natural and physical resources are the main assets used by society to meet life's needs, followed by social, human, and financial. So, the strategy that can be implemented is a consolidation based on socio-economic status. Meanwhile, based on activities to increase income, the community can apply livelihood strategies in agricultural sectors because of abundant natural resources. Skill training is needed for the community because a low level of human assets will shape the mindset of farmers regarding their inability to do other work on the side which should be able to improve their standard of living.
Fruit bats trade in the traditional markets of South Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: RANSALELEH TILTJE ANDRETHA , KAWATU MARTHA , WAHYUNI INDYAH , ONIBALA JANE , NANGOY MEIS JACINTA , UMBOH SINTYA , REMBET UNSTAIN N. W. J. , SAPUTRO SURYO , WIANTORO SIGIT
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Ransaleleh TA, Kawatu M, Wahyuni I, Onibala J, Nangoy MJ, Umboh S, Rembet UNWJ, Saputro S, Wiantoro S. 2024. Fruit bats trade in the traditional markets of South Minahasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 716-725. The hunting and trading of fruit bats are significant sources of income for several communities in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Therefore, this research aimed to map the market locations and identify the species of traded bats, along with their conservation status in South Minahasa District. Surveys of markets, hunters, and sellers were conducted for 5 months from May to September 2023. Morphological examinations were carried out on the traded bats, focusing on several parameters such as body weight, morphometric and description of the morphological characters. We identified the traditional markets which sell fruit bats (family Pteropodidae), Acerodon celebensis and Pteropus alecto meat, namely Berdikari Tumpaan, 54 Amurang, 45 Langsot Tareran, Tenga, Pakuure, Ongkaw, Soko Raanan Baru, Motoling, Poigar, Poopo, Pinaesaan Tompaso Baru, and Pinasungkulan Modoinding. Furthermore, two markets, namely Pakuure and Pinaesaan Tompaso Baru, were identified selling the small fruit bats (family Pteropodidae), Cynopterus minutus, Dobsonia exoleta, Nyctimene cephalotes, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, and Thoopterus nigrescens. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, A. celebensis and D. exoleta are endemic bat species in Sulawesi with a conservation status of vulnerable and least concern, respectively. Fostering education and advocacy program is crucial to promote awareness and conservation strategy, especially for the 12 traditional markets which trade seven fruit bat species in South Minahasa, Sulawesi.
The first report of DNA barcoding of commercially important fish in Nias Islands, Indonesia
Authors: RAMADHANIATY MUTIA , MANURUNG VINDY RILANI , KHAIRUNNISA KHAIRUNNISA , LUBIS FRIYUANITA , SUSETYA IPANNA ENGGAR
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Ramadhaniaty M, Manurung VR, Khairunnisa, Lubis F, Susetya IE. 2024. The first report of DNA barcoding of commercially important fish in Nias Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 742-753. The Nias Islands are an archipelago in the western part of North Sumatera, encompassed by the Indian Ocean, and have become a hotspot for demersal and pelagic fishes. These geographical conditions endow the waters around Nias with large fishery resources, leading to their frequent utilization as fishing grounds for Sumatera Island and its surrounding areas. This research aimed to identify the commercially important fish species with the highest catch frequency in the waters of Nias, and this identification marked the initial stage of the sustainable utilization of fish resources. The method used was DNA Barcoding using genes targeting the COI Mitochondrial locus. Therefore, 43 samples were collected from several North and South Nias fish landing sites. The obtained species were classified into 3 groups based on the commodity type: demersal fish, pelagic fish, and Choncricthyes. There were 8 species of demersal fish (Caesio caerulaurea, Halichoeres scapularis, Lethrinus ornatus, Mulloidichthys flavolineatus, Parupeneus barberinus, Scarus prasiognathos, Plectropomus leopardus, and Variola albimarginata), displaying genetic distances ranging from 0.002-0.275. Pelagic fish consisted of 5 species, namely Amblygaster clupoides, Caranx ignobilis, Caranx sexfasciatus, Ferdauia ferdau, and Scomberomorus commerson, displaying genetic distances ranging from 0.002-0.267. The next commodities were Chondrichthyes with 9 species (Carcharhinus sealei, Himantura leoparda, Neotrygon kuhlii, Paragaleus randalli, Pateobatis jenkinsii, Rhynchobatus cf laevis, Spyrna lewini, Taeniura meyeni, and Urogymnus granulatus), displaying genetic distance ranging from 0-0.271. This value indicates that migratory species such as chondrichthyes have quite extensive movements so that the genetic distance between species and between populations tends to be low.
Phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extracts from fifteen Orthosiphon aristatus leaves genotypes
Authors: BOVANI RAISADIBA PUTRI , LIWANDA NOVIAN , BATUBARA IRMANIDA , AMBARSARI LAKSMI , NURCHOLIS WARAS
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Bovani RP, Liwanda N, Batubara I, Ambarsari L, Nurcholis W. 2024. Phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extracts from fifteen Orthosiphon aristatus leaves genotypes. Biodiversitas 25: 763-769. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., also known as kumis kucing in Indonesia, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family that contains various phytochemical compounds with antioxidant properties. This study investigated the phenolic content, flavonoid, rosmarinic acid,  sinensetin,  and antioxidant capacity of 15 genotypes of O. aristatus ethyl acetate extracts. Therefore, 15 genotypes were analyzed using quercetin as the standard for Total Phenolic Content (TPC) using a colorimetric method with gallic acid and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC). Sinensentin and rosmarinic acid were measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant capacity was determined using Trolox as a standard antioxidant by 2-Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The results revealed a diverse range of phytochemical compounds, with total phenolic content ranging from 3.39 to 13.80 mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoid content from 0.20 to 1.43 mg QE/g DW, rosmarinic acid from 0.02 to 0.19 mg/g DW, and sinensetin from 1.61 to 21.67 mg/g DW. Furthermore, the antioxidant assays demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy, with DPPH ranging from 2.09 to 13.98 ?mol TE/g DW and FRAP from 0.07 to 2.96 ?mol TE/g DW. Genotypes A10, A11, and A12 exhibited superior phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacities, highlighting their potential as valuable sources of medicinal compounds.
Identification of the pest outbreak in the coastal mangrove ecosystem of Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: HARMONIS HARMONIS , HAQIQI MUHAMMAD TAUFIQ , AL FAHRONI MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS , JEFRY JEFRY , GUNAWAN SANTIKA , SEKEDANG MUHAMMAD AFIF , RAHMAT DAVIS , AZHAR NUR FARIZ , PUTRA MUHAMMAD OKY PRATAMA SEPTIAJI , KUSUMA FITRIA DEWI , HAPSARI MARYA TIARA , MUHAMMAD FERNANDA ALVA , DIANA RITA , SUDARMADJI TRIYONO , AMIRTA RUDIANTO , ARIYANTO ARIYANTO , SAUD OSHLIFIN RUCMANA , SOFYAN FENNY PUTRI MARIANI , FAJRIANSYAH FAJRIANSYAH , ASNGARI AGUS MASHUD S. , BULO YULIUS S. , SALMAN IKHSAN , RIZALDI RIFKI , LUBIS KHAIRUL MUKMIN
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Harmonis, Haqiqi MT, Fahroni MFA, Jefry, Gunawan S, Sekedang MA, Rahmat D, Azhar NF, Putra MOPS, Kusuma FD, Hapsari MT, Muhammad FA, Diana R, Sudarmadji T, Amirta R, Ariyanto, Saud OR, Sofyan FPM, Fajriansyah, Asngari AMS, Bulo YS, Salman I, Rizaldi R, Lubis KM. 2024. Identification of the pest outbreak in the coastal mangrove ecosystem of Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 829-835. Mangrove ecosystems are considered the most essential areas in the wetland since they sequester carbon more efficiently than terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, they have received significant attention as a nature-based solution to achieve the Naturally Determined Contributions in the commitment to global climate change mitigation. Currently, the degradation of mangroves has been linked to serious threats, including pest outbreaks. Our primary objective was to assess the pest outbreaks that occurred in the coastal mangroves of the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. This study was conducted in two areas in Tanjung (R1 and R2) and one area in Pulau (R3). A total of 19 observation plots with a size of 10 × 10 m2 were made. The water quality was further measured to identify the natural conditions affecting the outbreaks. In the present study, it was found that significant disturbance of the mangrove plants occurred due to invasions by Amphibalanus amphitrite Darwin, 1854 and Sphaeroma terebrans Spence Bate, 1866. The dangerous attack from S. terebrans has only been found at the R1 site, where we found environmental conditions such as high dissolved oxygen (DO), high total dissolved solids (TDS), and high salinity. In this area, it could affect the death of adult Avicennia alba Blume and Sonneratia alba Sm. The results obtained from this study are expected to provide preliminary data to design the best management practices in order to enhance the effectiveness of the mangrove rehabilitation strategy in the Mahakam Delta.
Micromorphology, physicochemical parameters, and phytochemical screening of Chloranthus flavus D.T. Liu & G. Chen (syn. C. nervosus Collett & Hemsl.) from Vietnam
Authors: CHEN TRAN VAN , LAM DUONG NGUYEN XUAN , KHAI HOANG DAC , DUC DUONG PHAN NGUYEN , NGA NGUYEN THI , HIEN NGUYEN THI THU , QUYNH TRAN THI THUY
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Chen TV, Lam DNX, Khai HD, Duc DPN, Nga NT, Hien NTT, Quynh TTT. 2024. Micromorphology, physicochemical parameters, and phytochemical screening of Chloranthus flavus D.T. Liu & G. Chen (syn. C. nervosus Collett & Hemsl.) from Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 846-858. Chloranthus flavus D.T. Liu & G. Chen (syn. C. nervosus Collett & Hemsl.) is a subshrub belonging to the family Chloranthaceae. Information on the anatomical structure and the powder features of C. flavus has not been noted. This study aimed to develop a monograph on the microscopic characteristics and physicochemical parameters of C. flavus, as well as a preliminary assessment of the phytochemical composition of this species. Anatomical characterizations of roots, stems, and leaves were performed using the iodine green-carmine staining method and then an optical microscope was used to observe the histology of these parts, similar to observing powder characteristics. Secondary metabolites were detected by chromogenic or precipitation reagents. Anatomically, the structural characteristics of the roots, stems, and leaves are similar to those of the Chloranthus species. Particularly, the root structure is characterized by six alternating xylem bundles, with six phloem bundles forming a ring. Polygonal to irregularly shaped cells of the upper epidermis and irregularly shaped ordinary cells, laterocytic and anomocytic stomata types, stomatal clusters, and the stomatal index (15.75±1.52%) of the lower epidermis were observed in leaves. Both powders found fragments of epidermal and parenchymatous cells, spiral xylem vessels, and scalariform xylem vessels. However, the root powder only observed solid-shaped sclereid cells, starch granules, starch clusters, and calcium oxalate crystals. The powders' moisture content, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash values all meet acceptable standards according to regulations on raw material purity. The whole C. flavus plant contains carotenoids, fatty acids, essential oils, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. The current findings highlight the key characteristics for identifying C. flavus.
Morphological description of two scallops, Chlamys albida (Arnold, 1906) and Volachlamys tranquebaria (Gmelin, 1791) from the coastal waters of the northern Bay of Bengal
Authors: ISLAM MD ROYHANUR , HOSSAIN M. SHAHADAT
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Islam MDR, Hossain MS. 2024. Morphological description of two scallops, Chlamys albida (Arnold, 1906) and Volachlamys tranquebaria (Gmelin, 1791) from the coastal waters of the northern Bay of Bengal. Biodiverstas 25: 900-907. The commercial marine scallop Chlamys albida (Arnold, 1906) was first discovered in the Sonadia, Bangladesh coastal island. It was acquired and deposited in the Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS) museum catalog, University of Chittagong. The species was taxonomically studied based on its external morphology as well as compared with Volachlamys tranquebaria (Gmelin, 1791), a species from the same family of Pectinidae, which was previously reported along the coast of Bangladesh. Study specimens were collected randomly and hand-picked from the intertidal zone of Sonadia Island. This study examined morphological characteristics as well as morphometric measurements. The study also determined the studied species distribution pattern, habitat biology, and ecology. This species has not yet been registered in this region, presumably due to the lack of long-term research on bivalves and its low abundance. The present study increased the number of reported mollusc species in Bangladesh, which may facilitate further molluscan research.
Effects of sublethal fipronil insecticide concentrations on fitness and abundance profile of endosymbiont microbial species Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: AWALUDDIN AWALUDDIN , DADANG DADANG , ANWAR RULY , GIYANTO GIYANTO
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Awaluddin, Dadang, Anwar R, Giyanto. 2024. Effects of sublethal fipronil insecticide concentrations on fitness and abundance profile of endosymbiont microbial species Nilaparvata lugens. Biodiversitas 25: 998-1006. Fipronil is a widely used active ingredient for controlling Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), but the effect exerted on fitness ratio and composition of endosymbiont microbes remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate effects of insecticide by assessing fitness ratio and bacterial composition of endosymbionts in N. lugens before and after applying sublethal fipronil concentrations. A pair of LC15-equivalent fipronil-treated imago were introduced into treatment pots planted with rice 30 days after transplanting. Additionally, N. lugens endosymbionts were identified using full-length primers 27F and 1492R targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that fipronil application increased the total number of nymphs and fitness ratio of N. lugens in both IR64 and ciherang rice varieties. Similar observations were obtained with erythromycin application, although the differences were not statistically significant compared to the control. Fipronil application tended to cause an insignificant increase in the percentage of hatched eggs, while samples lacking this treatment contained abundant quantities of an endosymbiont, Acinetobacter soli. After applying insecticide, a significant alteration occurred in the composition of endosymbionts, with a substantial increase in Delftia acidovorans and D. lacustris, which both contributed to the enhanced fitness and tolerance of N. lugens to fipronil. These results showed the intricate interactions between bacteria and insects, as well as the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance, thereby providing valuable insights for the development of new pest management strategies.
The association between CCR5, NLRC4, and AIM2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Iraqi population
Authors: KHALEEL BILAL , AL-ALWANI HUDA R. S. , ASMAR AHMED
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Khaleel B, Al-Alwani HRS, Asmar A. 2024. The association between CCR5, NLRC4, and AIM2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Iraqi population. Biodiversitas 25: 1022-1029. In immunological reactions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, chemokines and their receptors, including CXCR3, CCR5, and RANTES, play an important role in the migration and activation of cells. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that serves as a master regulator of inflammation. Genetic polymorphisms contribute to individual phenotypic differences, such as disease risk and drug response. The current study was done to find the polymorphism in the CCR5, NLRC4, and AIM2 genes in our population and to look into how this polymorphism is linked to getting tuberculosis. Seventy-five tuberculosis patients participated in this study, while the control group comprised twenty-five control healthy individuals. We took two milliliters of blood from the patients and the control group and placed them in an Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA tube), or DNA extraction. Real-time PCR was used to find changes in the genes for CCR5 (rs2227010, rs2734648, rs1799987, rs1799988, rs1800023, rs1800024), NLRC4 (C-rs479333), and AIM2 (CC-rs1103577). Some genotypes were more common in the patient group, including SNPs CCR5 (rs2227010, rs2734648, rs1799988, rs1800023, rs1800024), NLRC4 C-rs479333, and AIM2 CC-rs1103577. However, by using Two-Two cross table the genotype of SNP CCR5-rs1799987 was not significantly different between the patient and the controls. Patients also had a lot of certain alleles for the SNPs CCR5 (rs2227010, rs1799988, rs1800023, rs1800024) and NLRC4 (rs479333). However, the alleles for the SNPs CCR5 (rs2734648, rs1799987) and AIM2 CC (rs1103577) were not very different between patients and controls. This study concludes that a polymorphism in various SNPs of the CCR5, NLRC4, and AIM2 genes may be a risk factor for tuberculosis.
Plant diversity on coffee agroforestry land in the buffer zone of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: ZAYADI HASAN , HAKIM LUCHMAN , SUDARTO SUDARTO , BATORO JATI
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Zayadi H, Hakim L, Sudarto, Batoro J. 2024. Plant diversity on coffee agroforestry land in the buffer zone of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1030-1036. Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) is facing threats to biodiversity due to land transfer functions and sand mining in rural areas. Land use conversion and sand mining in rural areas near BTSNP and Perhutani are threatening biodiversity through activities like land degradation, deforestation, forest depletion, and global climate change impacting local agriculture. Coffee farms in Poncokusumo and Wajak have been abandoned, leading to a decline in coffee farming and other agricultural commodities. Coffee-based agroforestry systems have been implemented to address this issue and improve soil fertility and vegetation diversity. This research aimed to identify and analyze plant diversity in coffee agroforestry land in BTNSP. The study was carried out in January-December 2022 in the village districts of Poncokusumo Sub-district (Sumberejo) and Wajak Sub-district of Malang District, which borders directly with BTSNP, collecting flora compositions and classifying them based on growth rate. The study identified 27 orders, 38 families, and 71 species of plants in the coffee fields. The presence of various plant species in the coffee fields contributes to the ecosystem's stability and the soil's quality. This research highlights the importance of the agroforestry system in promoting biodiversity conservation and sustainable coffee farming in the BTSNP area.
Genetic diversity of Guava varieties (Psidium guajava L.) based on morphology and ISSR molecular markers
Authors: HIEN PHAN THI THU , CHAM LE THI TUYET , HANG VU THI THUY
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Hien PTT, Cham LTT, Hang VTT. 2024. Genetic diversity of Guava varieties (Psidium guajava L.) based on morphology and ISSR molecular markers. Biodiversitas 25: 1037-1045. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a fleshy-fruited representative belonging to the Myrtaceae family that has attracted attention due to its economic benefits. In this study, seventeen guava varieties in the Mekong Delta and Hanoi were collected and genetically validated by both morphology and DNA markers. The results revealed that fruit shape is a powerful indicator of guava discrimination. There are 12 out of 15 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers that show informative band patterns and 93 amplicons are generated with the size in length 200-2000 bp. The average polymorphic band and PIC value are 97.85% and 36%, respectively. Based on the dendrogram constructed by the Unweighted Pair Group Method using arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) method, samples were grouped into two main groups and the similarity level ranged from 55-98%. Group 2 contains Oi Tim (Purple guava), a special variety that showed high differences in terms of morphology and DNA profiles. Such information reflects the diversity of guava germplasm in Viet Nam, which is useful for conservation, and breeding strategies. The result revealed that 11 varieties expressed genetic diversity through both phenotypic traits and DNA profiles. Such information illustrates the genetic diversity among Psidium guajava, contributing to germplasm resources and plant breeding programs.
Species diversity and conservation status of ornamental fish traded in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: USMAN ZAINAL , HARIYADI DIMAS RIZKY , SERIHOLLO LUKAS G. G.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Usman Z, Hariyadi DR, Serihollo LGG. 2024. Species diversity and conservation status of ornamental fish traded in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1116-1126. The high demand for ornamental fish native to Indonesia has the potential to be used as a source of foreign exchange income. In addition to increasing the national income, the ornamental fish trade must also be considered to preserve the population of the fish species being sold. The study aimed to determine ornamental fish diversity and conservation status in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara. This research was conducted in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from August to September 2023. The research was conducted using survey (non-experiment) and observation methods. The survey method was carried out using a form to conduct interviews with sellers in 11 ornamental fish shops. At the same time, the observation method was used to identify the types of fish being traded. The study's results recorded 18 families, 39 genera, and 46 fish species (Include 1 species is hybrid fish). The highest species diversity came from the Cichlidae family with 9 species (1 species (Amphilophus citrinellus x Cichlasoma trimaculatum) is hybrid fish), followed by Cyprinidae with 7 species, whereas each species of the Characidae and Poecilidae families were 5 species. Conservation status shows 4 status groupings, namely Least Concern (LC), Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN), and Not Evaluated (NE). Based on these groupings, there were 32 species in the Least Concern (LC) category, 3 species in the Endangered (EN) category, 2 species in the Vulnerable (VU) category, and 8 species in the Not Evaluated (NE) and 1 unclassified category. There is only 1 species that is included in the Appendix I category, namely Scleropages formosus, and other species are Not evaluated. This is the first study conducted in Kupang City to reveal the types of ornamental fish species sold and their conservation status. The study will be useful information to the government, researchers, and other stakeholders on the potential extinction risk of each type of fish being traded.
Genotypic identification and catechin profiling of Uncaria gambir in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: WARDI EPI SUPRI , SYUKUR SUMARYATI , CHAIDIR ZULKARNAIN , JAMSARI JAMSARI
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Wardi ES, Syukur S, Chaidir Z, Jamsari J. 2024. Genotypic identification and catechin profiling of Uncaria gambir in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1151-1158. The primary objective of this study is to assess genetic and chemical variability among four genotypes of Uncaria gambir cultivated in West Sumatra. Uncaria gambir is native to Indonesia, widely cultivated in West Sumatra, used as an herbal remedy, and become a significant agricultural product for Indonesian export with catechin content as a standard. The phytochemical components of this species have been extensively studied, and its extracts are employed in traditional medicine. To fingerprint genomic DNA, we employed three pairs of Specific Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) markers selected from 29 combinations tested. A total of 150 amplified bands were generated, highlighting substantial genetic variability among the tested genotypes. Notably, the highest amplified and polymorphic band was obtained with primer E combination from three selected primers (primer E, primer F, and primer T). In addition, only catechins were identified among the four types of catechins employed as HPLC standards. We detected varying catechin concentrations among the genotypes, with genotype Mancik exhibiting the highest concentration. This finding underscores the potential for genotype-specific bioactive marker identification within U. gambir. In addition, this study shows the efficiency of SRAP markers in genotype identification within U. gambir. Furthermore, the identification of catechin as a prominent bioactive marker emphasizes its significance for further exploration and conservation efforts.
Yeasts isolated from bovine rumen selected to degrade lignocellulosic roughage
Authors: DUARTE EDUARDO ROBSON , LIMA SABRINA MIRANDA , NERE JULIANE COSTA , FREITAS CLAUDIO EDUARDO SILVA , MAIA HIGOR ALEXANDRE RODRIGUES , JÚLIO ALINE DANIELA LOPES , ABRÃO FLAVIA OLIVERIA , ALVES JANETE MARIA SILVS , DOS SANTOS VERA LÚCIA , GERASEEV LUCIANA CASTRO , COTA JÚNIO
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Duarte ER, Lima SM, Nere JC, Freitas CES, Maia HAR, Júlio ADL, Abrão FO, Alves JMS, Santos VLD, Geraseev LC, Cota J. 2024. Yeasts isolated from bovine rumen selected to degrade lignocellulosic roughage. Biodiversitas 25: 1159-1166. Commercial yeast strains are viable alternatives to chemical additives in ruminants; however, they are not self to the rumen ecosystem. The present study was conducted to compare the degradation of Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D.Webster (UD) hay and sugarcane bagasse (SB) by eight selected yeast strains, naturally present in the rumen cows and control without microorganisms. Eight yeast isolates that showed >6 log CFU per mL of ruminal fluid were selected and identified as four Pichia kudriavzevii isolates, three Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolates and one Candida tropicalis isolate, according to their morphological and physiological characteristics and by analyses of the D1 - D2 variable domain sequences of the 28S rRNA gene. The strain V5 (R. mucilaginosa) showed higher cell biomass production than other strains of this species in fermentations with UD (P<0.05). Two isolates of Pichia kudriavzevii (V10 and V62) and one of R. mucilaginosa (V5) promoted a higher reduction of dry matter (DM) of UD than other yeast. The strain V5 was also the most efficient to reduce DM of SB (P <0.05). These selected yeasts could represent a potential alternative for use in animal diets and for industrial applications.
Molecular characterization of pathogenic Aeromonas jandaei bacteria isolated from cultured walking catfish (Clarias sp.)
Authors: MULIA DINI SISWANI , DWI NOERHALIZA RAHMAN , SUWARSITO SUWARSITO , MUSLIMIN BOBY
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Mulia DS, Dwi NR, Suwarsito, Muslimin B. 2024. Molecular characterization of pathogenic Aeromonas jandaei bacteria isolated from cultured walking catfish (Clarias sp.). Biodiversitas 25: 1185-1193. Aeromonas spp. is pathogenic bacteria capable of causing fish disease, including walking catfish (Clarias sp.). In bacteria, virulence genes play a significant role in determining pathogenicity, while resistance genes influence resistivity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine molecular characterization of pathogenic Aeromonas jandaei bacteria isolated from walking catfish. The purposive sampling method was used to obtain diseased walking catfish from aquaculture ponds in Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The identification of bacteria was molecularly carried out based on 16S rDNA, followed by the detection of virulence genes on aer/haem, alt, ast, flaA, lafA, and fstA, as well as resistance genes on tet-A, strA-strB, and qnrA. The results of molecular analysis showed that three isolates from Singasari, namely BmSL-02, BmSL-04, and BmSL-07, were closely related to A. jandaei strain CDC0787-80 with a similarity rate and query coverage of 99.86% and 99%, respectively. Meanwhile, isolates from Cikawung, including BmCL-02, BmCL-05, and BmCL-07 were closely related to A. jandaei strain ATCC 49568. A total of six A. jandaei isolates had aer/haem virulence genes while alt, ast, and fstA were not found. BmSL-04 and BmCL-07 isolates had flaA gene, while four isolates including BmSL-02, BmSL-04, BmSL-07, and BmCL-07 had lafA gene. Additionally, BmCL-05 had tetA resistance gene, while the strA-strB and qnrA genes were not detected in all isolates. A. jandaei isolates were resistant to bacitracin, tetracycline, and gentamycin, but BmSL-04, BmSL-07, BmCL-02, and BmCL-05 were sensitive to chloramphenicol. This study provided valuable information on molecular characteristics of A. jandaei, serving as guidance in effective control and monitoring of isolates from Indonesia, specifically Banyumas, Central Java.