bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperatura uczuć młodych Polaków wobec wybranych polskich polityków
Authors: Kaniewska-Sęba Aleksandra , Pawełczyk Piotr
Published: December 2020

The article contains chosen results and conclusions from research conducted among the seniors from the Grand Voivodeship high schools. The goal of the paper is to determine the temperature of young Poles’ feelings towards selected politicians. The text presents both the level and selected determinants of these feelings. It shows the correlation between emotions towards selected political actors and the level of their knowledge about politics, about politicians and the political system, as well as the relationship between feelings towards politicians and political views on the axis of liberalism-conservatism. Further, the authors paid attention to the level of emotions towards Polish politicians in the context of electoral activity declarations.
Społeczna systemowość regulacji praw obywatelskich w ujęciu porównawczym Unii Europejskiej oraz Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej
Authors: Żukowski Alan
Published: December 2020

The main aim of this paper is to analyse the proposal for a systemic approach to civil rights regulations conducted by legal instruments (Planning Outline for the Construction of an SCS and GDPR) and legal systems (PRC and EU). There is no common dimension of the concept of regulation. As a result, it is divided into three contexts of regulatory policy interpretation: procedural regulation, self-regulation, and meta-regulation. The socio-political aspects of regulations are based on the text of legal acts which, in the context of regulatory norms, are both politically motivated and the assumption behind political interpretation. The effect of regulation is a project of a model of society (a harmonious socialist society and an information society).
The Norm of the Language Variant: Tendency to Unification or the fixation of the Difference?
Authors:   Moscow Region State University, Valuitseva Irina I. , Khukhuni Georgy T.
Published: December 2020

The article investigates a set of issues related to the functioning of a language outside its original territory from the point of view of codification of its specific features. The authors’ approach includes an analysis of the situation being developed in a certain period of time, taking into account diachronic retrospect and perspective. The article analyzes various interpretations of the problem of permissibility of normalization and codification of idioms that are formed as territorial variants of the language, their relation to the original form of the latter and the processes occurring in this form. A significant discrepancy is noted in relation to the concept of the norm of a language variant in certain cultures in different historical epochs, its dependence on the historical situation in which idioms, characterized as language variants, functioned and evolved, and a hypothesis is also suggested about possible ways of their further development. Special attention is paid to the position of Russian in Post-Soviet area and the possible consequences of the codification of its variants. The formation and development of the variants of Russian abroad is an objective process, their peculiarities may be used in literary work as productive stylistic devices. At the same time their fixation as the normative facts may provoke definite violation of the language unity.
The Measure of a Man: Materials for the Dictionary of Kazakh and Russian Whole-Formed Verba Anatomica
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Suleimenova Eleonora D. , Shaimerdenova Nursulu Zh. , Akanova Dana Kh. ,   University of Chicago
Published: December 2020

The whole-formed somatic verbs (verba anatomica) of the Kazakh and Russian languages and the motivation for their formation are compared. It is found that the verba anatomica of the Kazakh language are more detailed, differentiated and specialized, on the contrary, the units of the Russian language have a generalized character. The motivational ranks of verba anatomica have largely retained their symbolic and cultural significance. They still carry information about the mental and real world of Kazakhs and Russians.
Special considerations in translating Pitirim Sorokin’s work “City and country” (Prague, 1923)
Authors:   Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Sergieva Natalia S. , Smith Roger W.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with some distinctive features of an individual writer’s style — that of the eminent Russian-American sociologist Pitirim Sorokin — and a schema for its transmission when translated into English. Our research is based on a Russian-language article from the Prague period of Sorokin’s life. The authorial style of Sorokin is characterized by a combination of “scholarly” and acutely polemical journalism, which requires special techniques for transmitting the content and style of the original when translating.
Author’s translingual persona and possibility to preserve it in translation
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Lupachyova Tatyana A.
Published: December 2020

The goal of the present research is to reveal the opportunity to preserve a linguistic persona of a translingual author while translating literary works by contemporary Chinese American writers into Russian. The article attempts to analyze a linguistic persona of a translingual author of Chinese descent writing in English through the lens of translation into Russian and perception by a Russian reader. The author of the research concentrates mainly on the linguacultural means specific for translingual literary creativity: realia, phraseology, metaphors, contaminated speech, etc. The article raises concern about an adequate transmission of a “translingual trace”in the Russian translation based on the examples extracted from the books by Gish Jen and Amy Tan.
Translingualism and transculturalism beyond fiction works (based on articles and book reviews by Olga Grushin)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lebedeva Ekaterina S. , Proshina Zoya G.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the literary creative works of the Russian-American author Olga Grushin in the framework of translingual and transcultural transformations typical of this author and her language. The author’s individual style has been influenced by two cultures — Russian, the home culture in which the author has grown and which she absorbed, and American culture in which Olga Grushin succeeded as a writer and whose language she uses in her creative writings. The goal of our research is to analyze linguistic features of Grushin’s short essays and book reviews written for international magazines. The research revealed that translingual and transcultural changes that the author has undergone are reflected not only in her fiction but also in other genres where the author’s creativity and imagination might be somewhat restricted. Grushin’s translingualism is evident on the lexical level, embracing words borrowed from Russian. The author introduces them into her English text in many ways. The syntax of her book reviews and essays is definitely different from that of her novels but its cultural traces and author’s individual features are retained: complex sentences with a variety of coordinate and subordinate clauses, numerous homogeneous parts of the sentence, participial phrases, attributes, and abundance of parallel constructions are typical of Grushin’s non-fiction writing. The structure of her language reveals the tradition of Russian classics, the love for expressive syntax that facilitates the author in creating a certain image and brings in thoughts and feelings shared by the author.
Intertexts of the Novel “The Altai Novella” by Askar Altai
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Joldasbekova B. , Bayanbayeva Zh.
Published: December 2020

Intertexts of the novel “The Altai Novella” by Askar Altai are considered at the formal and content levels. An attempt has been made to define the intertextual field of the novel through an appeal to a wide context of myths, to the interpretation of them in the works of Kazakh, Russian and Western European writers. It has been analyzed the images of the main characters of the novel: Bulabike and the young hunter Ular as mythological heroes. Also it is given an interpretation of the image of bear Aikonyr through the comparison with the Lermontov’s demon, аt the article is considered intertextual connection of novel’s plot by A. Altai and by P. Merimee “Lokis”.
Carreiras “Exóticas”: o que Administradores Podem Aprender com as Vivências de Artistas, Atletas e Outros Profissionais
Authors: Oliveira Lucia Barbosa de
Published: December 2020

As mudanças no mundo do trabalho observadas nas últimas três décadas vêm impondo fortes pressões sobre jovens e futuros administradores que ali buscam encontrar seu espaço. No presente estudo, de caráter exploratório, procura-se trazer o olhar de pessoas que optaram por caminhos profissionais relativamente diferentes dos de um administrador, com o objetivo de identificar lições que possam ser úteis nesse novo contexto. Por meio de 91 entrevistas com profissionais de carreiras aqui chamadas de “exóticas”, buscou-se analisar como se deram suas escolhas e sua trajetória profissional. Os resultados mostram que as escolhas se pautaram em seis diferentes motivos, com destaque para o dom ou vocação. A ausência de planos futuros para a carreira também foi verificada, seja pela satisfação com a condição atual ou por uma dificuldade de se perceber essa possibilidade. Os problemas enfrentados estão tipicamente associados a características específicas das profissões escolhidas, enquanto o reconhecimento aparece como um fator determinante para a percepção de sucesso, mas com variações em relação ao alvo desse reconhecimento.
Editorial
Authors: Trevisan Leonardo , Dutra Joel
Published: December 2020

Editorial ReCaPe Vol. 02, n. 01 - 2012
La ilustración en la narrativa basada en la mitología incaica del periodo Inca Pachacutec para enriquecer el imaginario en el campo de la industria del entretenimiento peruano
Authors:   , Ruiz Gonzalez Ilas Alonso
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación es demostrar la narrativa creativa precaria, en la industria del entretenimiento en Lima Metropolitana, debido al desconocimiento de referentes locales como la mitología Inca período Pachacútec. Con este fin, se formula la siguiente pregunta: ¿El desconocimiento de referentes históricos locales como la mitología Inca, limita el desarrollo creativo en el campo de la industria del entretenimiento en Lima Metropolitana? En este contexto, el nivel creativo-narrativo es la medida del conocimiento de la mitología Inca. Se responde la presente pregunta al aplicar un enfoque cualitativo a la investigación, se presenta un juego de mesa utilizando la ilustración como principal herramienta de transmisión de conocimiento y apoyado en el diseño general de las piezas para que la narrativa sea más atractiva. Posteriormente, se evalúa por juicio de pares cómo el juego motiva una nueva propuesta narrativa. Las conclusiones dadas, muestran que el conocimiento de la mitología Inca logra enriquecer el imaginario, fomenta narraciones creativas y plantea proyectos atractivos y se recomienda evaluar estos resultados como recomendaciones para creaciones futuras.
Efecto de las hojas de Moringa oleifera sobre el control de la glucemia en ratas diabéticas inducidas: revisión sistemática
Authors:   , Palomino Vallejo Rocio Isabel
Published: December 2020

Evaluar el efecto de las hojas de Moringa oleífera sobre el control de la glucemia en ratas diabéticas inducidas.
Plan de negocio para la creación de una escuela de marketing digital, Lima, 2018
Authors:   , Llanos Polianich Ricardo Augusto
Published: December 2020

La idea de crear una Escuela de Marketing Digital surgió a raíz de la experiencia e interés de los integrantes de este grupo en el marketing digital, así como en la educación y en la gestión de instituciones dedicadas a la enseñanza.
ANTI-Plasmodium Berghei EKSTRAK DAUN DAN KAYU Lunasia amara Blanco
Authors: Lallo Subehan , Ariani Fitri , Syamsu Resky
Published: December 2020

Lunasia amara Blanco merupakan tumbuhan yang biasa digunakan untuk berbagai penyakit secara empiris termasuk pada gejala malaria. Bagian yang paling banyak digunakan adalah kayu dan batangnya. Berdasarkan informasi tersebut telah dilakukan pengujian ekstrak kayu dan daun dari tanaman sanrego ini terhadap Plasmodium berghei yang diinfeksikan pada tikus sebagai model pengujian awal untuk anti-malaria dari bahan alam. Ekstrak kayu dan batang diperoleh dengan menggunakan penyari methanol secara sonikasi. Berbagai konsentrasi digunakan secara peroral pada mencit yang telah terinfeksi oleh P. berghei selama 5 hari menunjukkan ekstrak daun tidak memiliki kemampuan dalam menurunkan parasetemia pada tikus sedangkan ekstrak batang memiliki kemampuan dalam menghambat parasitemia pada konsentrasi 0,5% dengan nilai dosis supresi 50% (SD50) sebesar 595 mg/kg bobot badan mencit. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kayu sanrego memiliki kemampuan untuk digunakan sebagai bahan obat untuk pengobatan malaria
ANALISIS EFEKTIFITAS DAN EFEK SAMPING PENGGUNAAN OFF-LABEL RUTE PEMBERIAN DARI NIFEDIPINE SEBAGAI TOKOLITIK PADA PARTUS PRETERM IMMINENS DI RUMAH SAKIT MAKASSAR
Authors: Hamzah Suhartina , Manggau Marianti A , AM Nasruddin
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, RSUD. Labuang Baji, RSIA Sitti Khadijah dan Klinik Sitti Khadijah Makassar dari April hingga Juli 2017 bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efektifitas dan efek samping penggunaan Nifedipine sebagai tokolitik pada Ancaman Partus Preterm. Terdapat 35 pasien yang terdaftar dalam penelitian. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Observasional non eksperimen dengan AnalisisDeskriptif. Alat penetapan standar yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi efektifitas dan efek samping adalah Guideline Tokolitik tahun 2011, dan skor penilaian Bishop dan Baumgarten. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 35 pasien ditemukan, efektifitas Nifedipine dalam menunda persalinan prematur dalam waktu 2x24 jam adalah sebanyak 33 pasien dengan persentase sebesar 94,28%. Sedangkan efek samping yang paling umum ditemukan adalah lemas sebanyak 4 pasien dengan persentase sebesar 11,42%.
EVALUASI HEMATOTOKSIK SECARA IN VITRO NANOPARTIKEL ZnS HASIL REDUKSI BIOMATRIKS Eschericia coli
Authors: Kurniati Lisa , Arjuna Andi , Mamada Sukamto S
Published: December 2020

Nanopartikel ZnS merupakan material semi konduktor yang memiliki sifat unik dan manfaat yang besar dibidang kesehatan, terutama sebagai antibakteri dan biomarker kanker. Walaupun demikian, informasi mengenai toksisitas dari nanopartikel ZnS masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan evaluasi hematotoksisitas secara in vitro nanopartikel ZnS hasil reduksi biomatriks Escherichia coli. Penyiapan nanopartikel ZnS diawali dengan pencampuran dispersi ZnSO4 konsentrasi 200 bpj ke dalam medium Luria Bertani Broth (LBB) yang ditumbuhi E.Coli  sebagai bioreduktor. Produk yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi dengan uji photolimunisence (PL) dan spektrofotometri pada rentang panjang gelombang 250-700 nm. Hasilnya, nanopartikel ZnS berpendar biru dan diidentifikasi pada λmax 288 nm dengan absorbansi 0,905. Partikel yang dihasilkan kemudian didispersikan dengan variasi volume 30 µl, 40 µl, 50 µl pada larutan tyrod. Data persentase hemolisis secara berturut-turut adalah 32%, 39%, 22%, 0% (kontrol negatif) dan 100% (kontrol positif). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa nanopartikel ZnS hasil reduksi E.coli memberikan efek toksik terhadap sel darah merah
STUDI PENAMBATAN MOLEKUL SENYAWA-SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DARI KULIT AKAR MURBEI (Morus sp.) TERHADAP RESEPTOR TNF-α
Authors: Aswad Muhammad , Christine Lisa , Nursamsiar Nursamsiar , Hardianti Besse
Published: December 2020

Tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF)-α memiliki peranan penting dalam patogenesis beberapa penyakit inflamasi. Murbei dilaporkan memiliki efek penghambatan pada proses inflamasi. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara senyawa-senyawa bioaktif yang terdapat pada murbei terhadap reseptor TNF-α dengan metode simulasi docking molekuler. Docking dilakukan dengan menggunakan program AutoDock 4.2, dengan menambatkan senyawa pada sisi aktif reseptor TNF-α (PDB ID : 3EWJ) secara in silico. Hasil docking menunjukkan bahwa senyawa-senyawa bioaktif dari kulit akar murbei dapat berinteraksi dengan sisi aktif. Interaksi terbaik ditunjukkan oleh senyawa 86 dengan energi bebas ikatan -13,03 12kkal/mol, yang berinteraksi dengan residu asam amino yang penting pada reseptor TNF-α dan memiliki ikatan hidrogen yang sama pada Leu348, Glu406 dan Gly349 dengan menggunakan pembanding (1S, 3R, 6S)-4-oxo-6{4-[2-phenylquinolon-4-yl)methoxy]phenyl}-5-azaspiro [2.4]heptane-1-carboxylic acid sebagai ligan alami.
EVALUASI EFEK INKORPORASI KOMBINASI DOPAN Mg2+ DAN Fe3+ TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK OPTIK DAN STRUKTUR NANOPLATFORM TERANOSTIK ZnO
Authors: Himawan Achmad , Yusuf Vidya Amaliatul Jannah , Wijaya Tifanny Dewi , Arjuna Andi , Arif Abdur Rahman , Hasanah Nur
Published: December 2020

Nanopartikel Zink Oksid (ZnO-NP) merupakan suatu material yang dapat digunakan sebagai nanoplatform dalam sistem penghantaran obat sekaligus pencitraan biologis karena karakteristiknya yang unik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis serta mengevaluasi pengaruh inkorporasi dua dopant (co-doping) magnesium (Mg2+) dan besi (III) (Fe3+) terhadap karakteristik optik dan struktur dari ZnO-NP. ZnO-NP (tanpa dopan, dengan dopan tunggal dan dengan dopan kombinasi) disintesis lewat jalur kimiawi dengan menggunakan metode ko-presipitasi sederhana. Larutan Zink Klorida dalam air digunakan sebagai material awal dan diendapkan dengan menambahkan Natrium Hidroksia dengan perbandingan molar 1:2. Sampel dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visible dan Powder X-Ray Diffractometer (P-XRD). Hasil analisis sifat optik menunjukkan serapan maksimum sampel berada pada kisaran 361- 367 nm dan kalkulasi nilai bandgap berdasarkan data serapan tersebut berada pada rentang 3,09-3,23 eV. Difraktogram sampel menunjukkan sampel yang terbentuk adalah ZnO-NP dengan struktur kristal hexagonal wurtzite. Dari data difraktogram yang diperoleh, besar ukuran butir diestimasi dengan beberapa persamaan dan diketahui rentang diameter kristal berada pada kisaran 17,25 hingga 27,74 nm. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa inkorporasi dopan Mg2+/Fe3+ mempengaruhi karakteristik ZnO-NP. Perubahan karakterisik ini dapat mempengaruhi performa nanomaterial ini sebagai agen teranostik.
PENGUKURAN PARAMETER SIMPLISIA DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PATIKALA (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm) ASAL KABUPATEN ENREKANG SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Utami Yuri Pratiwi
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKDaun Patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) RM. Smith) diketahui memiliki banyak efek farmakologis sebagai obat tradisional. Bahan baku obat tradisional perlu standarisasi. Standarisasi simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun patikala dilakukan untuk mengendalikan mutu dan keamanannya sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional. Penetapan standar mutu simplisia dan ekstrak meliputi parameter spesifik dan parameter non spesifik. Pengamatan makroskopik pada simplisia menunjukkan serbuk daun patikala berwarna kehijauan, pertulangan daun menyirip, Daunnya tunggal, lanset, ujung dan pangkal runcing tetapi rata, panjang daun sekitar 20-30 cm dan lebar 5-15 cm. Organoleptik dari ekstrak etanol daun patikala yaitu kental, berwarna hitam kehijauan, berbau khas dan berasa pahit. Fragmen pengenal simplisia daun patikala berupaepidermis bawah, serabut ,epidermis atas dengan stomata tipe anomositik, serabut berkas pembuluh. Ekstrak daun patikala mengandung senyawa alkaloid, steroid, flavonoid dan tanin.Kadar senyawa terlarut dalam air pada simplisia sebesar 12,392% dan pada ekstrak sebesar 23,555%, sedangkan kadar senyawa terlarut dalam etanol pada simplisia sebesar 7,078% dan pada ekstrak sebesar 22,260%. Kadar air dalam simplisia dan ekstrak masing-masing ≤ 10%. Kadar abu total dalam simplisia sebesar 14,12% dan dalam ekstrak sebesar 9,06%, kadar abu tidak larut asam dalam simplisia sebesar 7,44% dan dalam ekstrak sebesar 1%. Susut pengeringan pada simplisia sebesar 11,461% dan pada ekstrak sebesar 57,564%. Bobot jenis ekstrak sebesar 1,0087 g/ml. Total cemaran bakteri dan kapang pada ekstrak memenuhi syarat dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 120koloni/g dan 890 koloni/g..Kata Kunci : Daun Patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm), Pengukuran Parameter spesifik dan non spesifik, Simplisia, Ekstrak.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI DARI DAUN Garcinia kydia Roxburgh
Authors: Martha Septiani , Elya Berna , Hanafi Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Garcinia kydia Roxburgh merupakan salah satu spesies dari genus garcinia, yang secara khusus belum banyak diketahui aktivitas senyawa bioaktif, namun pada penelitian sebelumnya terbukti berpotensi sebagai agen penghambat α-glukosidase. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan investigasi aktivitas antioksidan terhadap berbagai fraksi yang diperoleh dari daun G. kydia Roxb. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan melalui analisis in-vitro menggunakan microplete reader dengan metode radical scavenging (Metode DPPH) dan ferric reducing antioxidant power (Metode FRAP). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa fraksi yang paling aktif dari ekstrak etil asetat adalah FEA8 (DPPH) dan FEA7 (FRAP), sedangkan fraksi paling aktif dari ekstrak metanol adalah FMT4 (DPPH) dan FMT6 (FRAP). Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi di antara empat fraksi adalah FEA7 dan FEA8. Aktivitas fraksi FEA7 dan FEA8 ditentukan oleh nilai EC50, sehingga diperoleh masing-masing 9,73 dan 9,26 μg/mL (DPPH); 10,28 dan 13,94 μg/mL (FRAP). Garcinia kydia Roxb. berpotensi sebagai agen antioksidan dengan mekanisme yang berbeda. Sehingga hasil penelitian terkait terdapatnya potensi antioksidan tersebut dapat memberikan alternatif terapi diabetes yang disertai komplikasi stres oksidatif.
FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS KRIM ASAM KOJAT DALAM PEMBAWA VESIKEL ETOSOM
Authors: Mardikasari Sandra Aulia , Akib Nurilliyyin , Suryani Suryani
Published: December 2020

Asam kojat diketahui memiliki efektivitas untuk mencerahkan kulit. Tetapi asam kojat bersifat hidrofilik, sehingga sulit berpenetrasi ke dalam kulit oleh karena itu diperlukan sistem penghantaran etosom untuk meningkatkan penetrasi asam kojat dalam bentuk sediaan krim untuk memudahkan pengaplikasiannya di kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formula krim etosom asam kojat menggunakan kombinasi emulgator tween 80 dan span 80 dalam berbagai konsentrasi, serta menguji kestabilan fisik sediaan krim. Uji stabilitas krim dilakukan menggunakan metode cycling test dan centrifugal test. Metode cycling test meliputi pengamatan organoleptik, tipe krim, pH, viskositas, ukuran globul, daya sebar dan homogenitas krim, sedangkan metode centrifugal test dilakukan menggunakan alat sentrifugasi untuk melihat terjadinya pemisahan fase pada krim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nilai organoleptik, pH, viskositas, ukuran globul dan daya sebar namun tidak terjadi pemisahan fase setelah uji centrifugal test. Sehingga diperoleh krim yang paling stabil yaitu pada formula krim dengan konsentrasi emulgator 3%, memiliki nilai organoleptik yang baik, tipe krim m/a, pH 5,24, viskositas 22.200 cPs, ukuran globul berkisar 0,1-0,3 µm,  daya sebar 4,1 cm2, krim yang homogen, dan tidak terjadi pemisahan fase setelah uji sentrifugasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan etosom asam kojat dapat diformulasi menjadi sediaan krim yang stabil
KOMBINASI AMLODIPIN MICARDIS; STUDI PERSPEKTIF EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA PENGOBATAN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Rahman Puji Kurniawati
Published: December 2020

Biaya untuk mengobati hipertensi secara efektif sangat besar. Maka dari itu kajian farmakoekonomi penting untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perbandingan efektivitas biaya antara penggunaan amlodipin, micardis dan kombinasi amlodipin micardis pada pasien hipertensi di instalasi rawat jalan RSUP dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar periode tanggal 1 April sampai dengan 31 Mei 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan kohort retrospektif yang pengambilan sampelnya dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 30 sampel yaitu 10 yang menggunakan amlodipin, 9 menggunakan micardis dan 11 menggunakan kombinasi amlodipin micardis. Penggunaan kombinasi amlodipin micardis memiliki efektivitas biaya lebih baik dibandingkan penggunaan amlodipin dan micardis dalam menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik sedangkan dalam menurunkan tekanan darah diastolik penggunaan amlodipin memiliki efektivitas biaya lebih baik dibandingkan penggunaan micardis dan kombinasi amlodipin micardis. Efek samping paling dominan muncul pada penggunaan amlodipin secara monoterapi, yaitu edema. Maka disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kombinasi terapi antara amlodipin dan micardis memiliki efektivitas biaya lebih baik dibandingkan penggunaan secara monoterapi dalam menurunkan tekanan darah dan mengurangi terjadinya efek samping.
UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Rosc var rubrum) DALAM MEMPROTEKSI DAN MEMPERBAIKI GANGGUAN FUNGSI HATI DAN GINJAL TIKUS AKIBAT INDUKSI PARASETAMOL
Authors: Djabir Yulia Yusrini
Published: December 2020

Jahe merah merupakan jenis rimpang yang banyak digunakan sebagai bahan obat tradisional di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek proteksi ekstrak rimpang jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc var rubrum) terhadap gangguan fungsi hati dan ginjal yang disebabkan oleh toksisitas parasetamol berdasarkan parameter SGPT, SGOT, urea dan kreatinin serum pada tikus putih. Jahe merah diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70%. Hewan uji dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok (n=5). Kelompok I sebagai kontrol sehat diberikan suspensi NaCMC 1%, kelompok II diberikan NaCMC 1% dan induksi parasetamol, kelompok III dan kelompok IV masing-masing diberi perlakuan ekstrak jahe merah 150 mg/kgBB dan 300 mg/kgBB dan induksi parasetamol, dan kelompok V diberikan sediaan ekstrak curcuma xanthorriza (60 mg/kgBB) dan induksi parasetamol. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 10 hari sedangkan induksi parasetamol hanya diberikan pada hari ke-4 (500 mg/kg) dan ke-5 (300 mg/kg). Sampel darah diambil pada hari ke- 6 (post induksi) dan ke-11 (post perlakuan) untuk pengukuran kadar  SGOT, SGPT, kreatinin dan urea serum menggunakan alat humalyzer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian parasetamol dosis 500mg/kg diikuti 300 mg/kgBB dapat meningkatkan nilai SGOT dan SGPT secara signifikan 24 jam setelah post induksi, namun kadar urea dan kreatinin hanya berbeda signifikan setelah hari ke-11 (post perlakuan). Pada kelompok III dan IV, pemberian ekstrak jahe merah setelah induksi parasetamol mampu menurunkan kadar SGOT, SGPT, urea dan kreatinin serum secara signifikan dibanding kelompok II (p<0.05). Penurunan biomarker hati dan ginjal pada kelompok III dan IV tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok V yang diberi sediaan ekstrak curcuma yang telah digunakan secara klinik.
Penentuan Awal Bulan Kamariah Untuk Ibadah
Authors: Rahman Fathor , Pujiono Pujiono , Muslifah Siti
Published: December 2020

This paper presents data regarding the formula for determining the start of the month for worship at the time of the Prophet. This is important because the determination of the beginning of the month among Muslims has always been a polemic, even Muslims until now still do not have a definite and unique calendar to serve as a common guideline. The method usedin this research is the method introducedby Louay Safi "Unified Aproach to Shari'ah Inference"; namely textual normative inference, empirical-historical-contextualist inference, and integrated inference. The results were as follows: d natural inference stualis te k-normative-legis, fast orders clearly to be given information about ordinances that rukyatul hilal; and if it is cloudy or covered in fog, then it is ordered to calculate, estimate, or fulfill the month into 30 days and the rule of law in matters of mahdah worship such as fasting cannot be changed, sentences that are already text and sharih do not have the character of ijtihadi; and anything that creates controversy in society can be eliminated by the government or the authorities; whereas in the contextualist historical-empirical inference it can be said that worship which includes the obligation of rukyat has encouraged Muslims to study and deepen the science of astronomy ; and in unified inference, the computation of the reckoning at the time of the prophet with the fulfillment becomes thirty days because at that time the Madinans did not have zij or astronomical tables showing the positions of the moon, earth and sun. From this perspective, rukyat often called taabbudiy be part of the entity taaquliy for a silver lining can be found in the annals of the Muslims, and Reckoning ser ing said taaqquliy also part of ta'abbudiy entity because it is part and result of activity namely rukyat taabbudiy .
Uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) como factor de competitividad en la gestión del sector hotelero en Villavicencio, Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Jaramillo Hugo Alberto , Moreno-Duarte Johana
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en la gestión del sector hotelero en Villavicencio, Colombia. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo y aplica encuestas semiestructuradas. Se tomó como población objetivo 34 hoteles afiliados a la Asociación Hotelera y Turística de Colombia —Cotelco——, Capítulo Meta. El instrumento constó de 31 preguntas. Los análisis factoriales realizados al instrumento establecieron siete dimensiones principales: caracterización, infraestructura tecnológica, conectividad, frecuencia de ingreso a internet, usabilidad de las TIC en la gestión hotelera, apropiación de las TIC para la gestión del hotel y contribución de las TIC a la gestión del hotel. El instrumento arrojó un alfa de Cronbach del 0,921, de modo que mostró una alta fiabilidad en los ítems relacionados en cada una de las dimensiones. El análisis hizo posible identificar las TIC que más impacto tienen en la gestión hotelera, así como los aspectos que se deben mejorar, con el fin de consolidar la transformación digital del sector. Se concluye, entonces, que es necesario que sector hotelero en Villavicencio maximice su capacidad instalada en términos de infraestructura tecnológica, aprovechando el potencial que se tiene en la región en términos de oferta turística, en la cual el sector hotelero es un actor relevante dentro de estas dinámicas sectoriales.
Fluoroalkyl ether electrolyte with redefined in-cell ion affinity upgrades rate performances of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Dong Liwei , Liu Yuanpeng , Wen Kechun , Chen Dongjiang , Liu Jipeng , Yuan Botao , Dong Yunfa , Wu Ze , Liang Yifang , Yang Mengqiu , Ma Jianyi , Yang Chunhui , He Weidong
Published: December 2020

Lithium ion batteries have profound impact on every corner of human life. However, strong solvation of Li+ and rough interfacial ion transfer associated with conventional electrolytes limit the long cycle, high-rate battery operation of lithium ion batteries. Herein we design an electrolyte system based on fluoroalkyl ether 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ether (THE) and ether electrolytes to effectively upgrade the long-cycle rate performances of electrodes in general. With THE rich in fluoroalkyl groups adjacent to oxygen atoms, the electrolyte owns an ultra-high polarity, enabling solvation-free Li+ transfer with an energy barrier of 0.11 eV, only 1/7 of that for conventional ether electrolytes, and 10-times enhancement in Li+ transference at electrolyte/anode interface. In addition, the uniform adsorption of fluorine-rich THE on anode and subsequent LiF formation suppress dendrite formation and stabilize the solid electrolyte interphase layer. With the electrolyte, LiFePO4 cathodes deliver unprecedented cyclic performances with only 0.0012% capacity loss cycle-1 over 5000 cycles at 10 C, along with upgraded rate performances as observed for other mainstream electrodes including LiCoO2, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 and Li4Ti5O12.
Understanding Family Planning Outcomes in Northwestern Nigeria: Analysis and Modeling of Social and Behavior Change Factors
Authors: Hutchinson Paul , Anaba Udochisom , Abegunde Dele , Okoh Mathew , Hewett Paul , Johansson Emily
Published: December 2020

Background: Northwestern Nigeria faces a situation of high fertility and low contraceptive use, driven in large part by high-fertility norms, pro-natal cultural and religious beliefs, misconceptions about contraceptive methods, and gender inequalities. Social and behavior change (SBC) programs often try to shift drivers of high fertility through multiple channels including mass and social media, community-level group and interpersonal activities. This study seeks to assist SBC programs to better tailor their efforts by assessing the effects of intermediate determinants of contraceptive use/uptake and by demonstrating their potential impacts on contraceptive use, interpersonal communication with partners, and contraceptive approval.Methods: Data for this study come from a cross-sectional household survey, conducted in the states of Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara in northwestern Nigeria in September 2019, involving 3,000 women aged 15 to 49 years with a child under 2 years. Using an ideational framework of behavior that highlights psychosocial influences, multivariate regression analyses assess associations between ideational factors and family planning outcomes, and post-estimation simulations with regression coefficients model the magnitude of effects for these intermediate determinants.Results: Knowledge, approval of family planning, and social influences, particularly from husbands, were all associated with improved family planning outcomes. Approval of family planning was critical – women who personally approve of family planning were nearly three times more likely to be currently using modern contraception and nearly six times more likely to intend to start use in the next six months. Husband’s influence was also critical. Women who had ever talked about family planning with their husbands were three times more likely both to be currently using modern contraception and to intend to start in the next six months. Conclusion: SBC programs interested in improving family planning outcomes could potentially achieve large gains in contraceptive use—even without large-scale changes in socio-economic and health services factors—by designing and implementing effective SBC interventions that improve knowledge, encourage spousal/partner communication, and work towards increasing personal approval of family planning. Uncertainty about the time-order of influencers and outcomes however precludes inferences about the existence of causal relationships and the potential for impact from interventions.
Spatial Clustering and Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolate Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Suspected Patients, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Tafess Ketema , Beyen Teresa , Girma Sisay , Wondimu Asnakech , SIU Gilman
Published: December 2020

Background: Tuberculosis remains a serious public health concern globally. The enormous social, economic and health impacts of the diseases are attributed to the lack of detailed understanding of the prevalence, geospatial distribution, population structures, and genotypic variants of the circulating M. tuberculosis. Methods: Structured questionnaire, mycobacterial culture, and standard 24-Mycobacterial Interspersed Repeated Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) were employed to collect sociodemographic characters, residence linked information, and genotype the isolates. The retrospective discrete Bernoulli model was used to identify the hot spot districts of sputum smear positivity, and Web-based Miru-VNTRPlus were used for the analysis of the data. Results: Out of 832 presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) suspects, 119 (14.3%) were smear-positive. In the multivariate binary logistic model, PTB suspected patients in the age groups of <=25 and 25-34 and those from rural residents were 4.53 [AOR=4.53; 95%CI: 2.25- 9.13], 3.00 [AOR=3.00; 95%CI:1.41-6.35] and 1.65 [AOR=1.65; 95%CI: 1.01-2.70] times at higher risk of turning smear-positive. Eleven (47.8%) districts of Arsi Zone were shown to have high rate of clustering (RR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.62-3.2) of smear-positive PTB. Of 72 isolates queried for the lineage assignment, 59 (81.9%) were classified into the previously known lineages and 13 (18.1%) were not assigned to any known lineages. Overall, 42 (58.3%) belong to M. tuberculosis lineage 4 (Euro-American), 16 (22.2%) M. tuberculosis lineage 3 (Delhi/CAS), and 1 (1.4%) M. tuberculosis Lineage 1 (Indo-Oceanic/ East Africa Indian). Further classification to the sublineage indicates that the predominant lineage was Delhi/CAS comprising 16 (22.2%) isolates followed by 15 (20.8%) isolates belonging to Haarlem. The remaining isolates were distributed as 13 (18.1%) TUR, 6 (8.3%) LAM, 4 (5.5%) URAL, 4 (4.5%) NEW-1 and 1(1.4%) EAI. Conclusion: Our study showed higher smear-positive results among PTB suspected patients and remarkable spatial variation across districts of Arsi Zone in smear-positive PTB. This information together with the genotypic features could be used as input for the efforts of designing control strategies.
A Case-Control Study on Maternal caffeine intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Low Birth Weight in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hussen Leila , Desu Blen
Published: December 2020

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) recommends caffeine intake during pregnancy should be lower than 300 mg/day. Maternal caffeine intake is associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, little information is available on maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and its effect on birth weight. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the level of maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and its effect on birth weight in Wolaita zone hospitals in South Ethiopia. .Method: The case-control study design was applied from March 1 to July 30, 2019. A total of 395 mothers (99cases and 296 controls) were interviewed by trained data collectors using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken both from mothers and newborns. The association between maternal caffeine intake and birth weight was computed through bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses and statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: Mean (±SD) caffeine intake among pregnant women was 342±172 mg/day. A vast majority of the respondents 374(94.7%) consumed caffeine during the current pregnancy, out of this 269(68%) ingested 300mg or more of caffeine per day (high consumers).Relatively more mothers of low birth weight infants were consumed high caffeine 87(87.9%) compared with controls (51.5%). multivariable logistic regression model indicated that those mothers who consumed high caffeine during pregnancy were four times more likely to have a newborn with low birth weight (AOR= 4.1( 95% CI 1.2, 10.1)Conclusion: This research result gives insight for health professional should be aware of the impact of heavy caffeine consumption on birth outcome and try to screen and consulate pregnant mothers who are at risk of having infants with LBW and provide skilled nutritional counseling during ANC visits, including the intake of caffeine.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of The Caregiver Well-Being Scale (CWBS) in Iranian Schizophrenia Caregivers: A Methodological and Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bagheri Shahpar , Zarshenas Ladan , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Sharif Farkhondeh , Sarani Ebrahim Moghimi , Shirazi Zahra Hadian
Published: December 2020

Background: Family caregivers of individual with schizophrenia experience various stresses in everyday life which have a negative impact on their well-being. The Caregiver Well-Being Scale(CWBS) is an instrument with psychometrics properties that identifies many important factors associated with caregiving stressors, and provides a picture of overall felt well-being. Since, there is no Persian version of this instrument for investigating schizophrenia caregiver’s well-being, cross cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the CWBS among Iranian Schizophrenia caregivers is required.Methods: A methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted with 144 Schizophrenia caregivers in psychiatric centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(SUMS), in the south of Iran. Persian version of the CWBS was generated in two phases: Phase 1 – Cross-cultural adaptation using forward translation and backward translation methods in five stages. Phase 2 – Psychometric properties test involved assessing content validity, construct validity by exploratory factor analysis and convergent and divergent validity, reliability by internal consistency and test –retest.Results: The translation, cross-cultural adaptation and qualitative content validity resulted in some semantic modifications to the original CWBS version. Both subscales of CWBS -(Basic Need(BN) and Activities of Daily living (ADL)- showed a signiﬁcant strong positive correlation with total CWBS, (BN: r = 0.81 and ADL: r= 0.88), moderate positive correlation with SOC (BN: r = 0.42 and ADL: r = 0.46), and moderate negative correlation with CBI (BN: r = -0.38 and ADL: r= -0.47) (all p<0.001), presenting convergent and divergent validity. Factor analysis and Varimax Rotation provide evidence that the Persian version encompasses three underlying constructs for ADL and BN, as the original scale. The CWBS showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0. 0.842) and satisfactory test-retest reliability within 2.5 weeks interval (intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.872 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.827 to 0.906)) for 14 items.Conclusions: The results showed the Persian adapted version of CWBS complies the validity and reliability of the criteria required. The scale can be employed in practice and research to assess well-being in Iranian caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia. Registration number: (registration no.97-01-08-18819).
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Percentage of Teenage Mothers and Youth Female Literacy Rate
Authors: Adesina Miracle , Olufadewa Isaac , Oladele Ruth , Oladokun Blessing , Akinloye Seyi , Ekpotu Precious , Ibiang Koton
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn the past few years, maternal mortality rate has been a growing area of research interest in Africa. It is also noteworthy that teenage mothers are on the rise. This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between maternal mortality rate (MMR), the percentage of teenage mothers, and literacy rate among female adolescents in different regions of Africa.MethodSecondary data on maternal mortality rate, percentage of teenage mothers and youth female literacy rate, originally compiled by United Nations Population Division, was obtained from World Bank data and analyzed using a regression model. The average values were estimated for MMR and youth literacy and the relationship was determined for each region.ResultsThe West African region had the highest average maternal mortality rate while North Africa had the highest mean literacy rate and the highest mean teenage mother rate. A 10% rise in adolescent literacy rate was shown to reduce MMR across all regions, although the extent of reduction differed across each region. A reduction in MMR was observed as well in varying proportions, following a hypothetical 10% increase in youth literacy rate over some years.ConclusionThe study shows that low literacy rates were associated with child marriage which increases the risk of maternal mortality. Efforts need to be further intensified in improving the educational level of females in developing countries, especially African nations, in order to reduce maternal mortality in the region.
Gene Expression Profiling in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Lee Ji Yun , Kim Joo Hyun , Bang Heejin , Cho Junhun , Ko Young Hyeh , Kim Seok Jin , Kim Won Seog
Published: December 2020

Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. In the present study, gene expression profiling was performed to provide more information on ENKTL molecular signature and offer a rationale for further investigation of prognostic markers in ENKTL. NanoString nCounter Analysis encompassing 133 target genes was used to compare gene expression levels of 43 ENKTL tumor samples. The majority of the patients were under 60 years of age (79.1%); 32 (74.4%) patients had nasal type ENKTL and 23 patients (53.5%) had intermediate/high risk ENKTL based on the prognostic index for natural killer cell lymphoma (PINK). The median follow-up was 15.9 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 16.1 months (95% CI, 13.0–69.8). EGR1 upregulation was consistently identified in the localized stage with a low risk of prognostic index based on the PINK. Among the six significantly relevant genes for EGR1 expression, high expression levels of genes, including CD59, GAS1, CXCR7, and RAMP3, were associated with a good survival prognosis. The in vitro test showed EGR1 modulated the transcriptional activity of the target genes including CD59, GAS1, CXCR7, and RAMP3. Downregulation of EGR1 and its target genes significantly inhibited apoptosis and decreased chemosensitivity and attenuated radiation-induced apoptosis. The findings showed EGR1 may be a candidate for prognostic markers in ENKTL. Considerable additional characterization may be necessary to fully understand EGR1.
Construction of Prognostic Prediction Model for Stomach Adenocarcinoma Based on the TCGA Database.
Authors: Gu Zhengzhong , Cui Xiaohan , Wang Xudong
Published: December 2020

Background: Prognostic prediction models have been developed to detect new biomarkers of gastric cancer (GC). The identification of new biomarkers could provide theoretical foundations for the application of molecular targeted therapy in advanced GC. The aim of this study was to construct a prognostic prediction model for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methods: First, we used the "limma" package to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on TCGA database. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed using the "ClusterProfiler" package. The interactions between proteins and the relationships between differentially expressed genes and clinical features were analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), respectively. Then, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used to identify differentially enriched pathways. The GenVisR package and CIBERSORT were used to identify mutations and assess immune infiltration. Finally, the expression of COL3A1 in STAD tissues was verified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting.Results: Six differentially expressed genes were screened out, namely, COL3A1, ADAMTS12, BGN, FNDC1, AEBP1 and HTRA3. The enrichment results showed that differentially expressed genes were involved in multiple pathways in STAD, such as those related to the extracellular matrix, extracellular structure organization, and extracellular matrix organization. The differentially expressed genes were related to immune infiltration via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathways. The western blotting and RT-qPCR results suggested that COL3A1 was overexpressed in STAD tissues compared with normal tissues.Conclusion: COL3A1, ADAMTS12, BGN, FNDC1, AEBP1 and HTRA3 could play important roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of STAD via various pathways, including those involving the extracellular matrix, extracellular structure organization, and extracellular matrix organization. COL3A1, ADAMTS12, BGN, FNDC1, AEBP1, and HTRA3 act as oncogenes in most cancers and may be biomarkers. Additionally, the identification of COL3A1 as a candidate biomarker provides a direction for further research on the role of tumor immunity in gastric cancer.