bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inserción de Dióxido de Carbono (CO2) con base al crecimiento económico y la población en Ecuador (2000 – 2050)
Authors: Del Cioppo Morstadt Francisco Javier
Published: January 2020

El presente estudio sobrelleva a un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la estimación de inserción de CO2 al medio ambiente en el Ecuador entre los años 2000 a 2018; y a su vez, las proyecciones estimativas de emisiones de CO2 al año 2050, basado en la ecuación IPAT. Este estudio aporta un análisis de factores reconocidos en un proceso teórico de evaluación más detallado y establecido en el impacto ambiental. Permitiendo establecer en principio un punto de partida para observar en el tiempo la afectación al medio ambiente, mediante el impacto generado por las actividades de un país, llegando a establecerse mediante tres factores: la población (P), la producción por persona (A) y el nivel de contaminación generado por unidad de producción (T). El incremento de estos factores puede aumentar los impactos ambientales y reducir la disponibilidad de los recursos naturales.
Caracterización de la red de innovación de pequeños productores ganaderos del estado de Sonora, México
Authors: Ramírez-García Adan Guillermo , Monterroso-Rivas Alejandro Ismael , Garcia-Espejel Anastacio
Published: January 2020

El presente estudio fue llevado a cabo en el Distrito de Desarrollo Rural 149 Navojoa, el cual incluye los municipios de Huatabampo, Álamos, Etchojoa y Navojoa en Sonora (México). Se realizaron 62 encuestas a productores participantes en el Programa de Desarrollo de Capacidades, Innovación Tecnológica y Extensionismo Rural y a productores que no participan en el programa gubernamental, divididos en cuatro grupos: cooperantes, muestra, referidos y sin asistencia técnica. Se encontró que el índice de innovaciones es mayor entre los productores con asesoría constante por prestador de servicios profesionales. Las redes sociales identificadas incluyen la de gestión, la comercial y la técnica. Los nodos que integran la red son 161 y la densidad es 5.40%. Los principales actores son: productores, prestadores de servicios profesionales, comercializadores, instituciones gubernamentales y de investigación. Todo con lo cual se logró concluir que las innovaciones propuestas han incrementado en las UPP´s desde que el programa inició su operación.
A Perspective on Using Machine Learning in 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Yu Chunling , Jiang Jingchao
Published: January 2020

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have been widely applied in industry and our daily lives. The term 3D bioprinting has been coined to describe 3D printing at the biomedical level. Machine learning is currently becoming increasingly active and has been used to improve 3D printing processes, such as process optimization, dimensional accuracy analysis, manufacturing defect detection, and material property prediction. However, few studies have been found to use machine learning in 3D bioprinting processes. In this paper, related machine learning methods used in 3D printing are briefly reviewed and a perspective on how machine learning can also benefit 3D bioprinting is discussed. We believe that machine learning can significantly affect the future development of 3D bioprinting and hope this paper can inspire some ideas on how machine learning can be used to improve 3D bioprinting.
Patterns of radiation treatment default and its evaluation in a cancer center in the Southern part of Odisha: a retrospective study
Authors: Patra Jitendra , Das Bishnu Prasad
Published: January 2020

Background: The incidence of cancer in India is alarming. However, many patients discontinued their treatment protocols resulting in higher mortality rate. This study aims to find out different patterns of treatment defaults in cancer patients receiving external beam radiation in the radiotherapy department of a cancer center in the southern part of Odisha state.Methods: It is a retrospective epidemiological study carried out in cancer patients receiving external beam radiotherapy for their cancer treatment but had not completed the full course of treatment during the study period from January 2018 to May 2019. Patterns of failure in relation to various demographic and socio-economic statuses were analyzed.Results: One hundred seven defaulter patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 50.93±14.3 years (range 12 to 90 years) and 66(61.7%) were being females. Out of 107 patients, 53.2% patients were receiving treatment in curative intent, 28.0% patients were treated in adjuvant intent and 18.2% in palliative intent. Forty-two (39.2%) patients were from a distance >50 km from the study center, 74.7% of patients belong to low socio-economic status and 60.7% patients were illiterate. Only 33.3% of patients completed more than 15 fractions of radiation excluding the palliative cases. The comparison of various factors such as distance from study center (p=0.759), education (p=0.2428), socio-economic status (p=0.6628) and acute radiation toxicity (p=0.9359) among the groups of patients receiving more or less than 15 fractions of radiation did not showed any statistical significant differences.Conclusions: Radiation induced acute toxicity, distance from study center, education and socio-economic status might be responsible for the treatment discontinuation. There is no particular association of age, disease site and intent of treatment with default among patients.
Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance: a literature review 2020
Authors: Alharbi Bandar A. , Assiri Abrar A. , Asiri Khulud A. , Albagli Dalia A. , Alanazi Abrar A. , Saleh Abeer A. , Luheybi Abdulelah A. , Thabit Yaser Y. , Alluhaybi Abdulelah H.
Published: January 2020

Our aim is to review the literature and, where appropriate, investigating subsequent antibiotic resistance in individuals prescribed antibiotics in primary care. Data sources are observational and experimental studies identified through Medline, Embase, and Cochrane searches. Review methods Electronic searches using MeSH terms and text words identified 4373 papers. Results The review included 24 studies, 22 involved patients with symptomatic infection and two involved healthy volunteers, 19 were observational studies (of which two were prospective) and five were randomised trials. The observations concluded that individuals prescribed an antibiotic in primary care for a respiratory or urinary infection develop bacterial resistance to that antibiotic.
Reviewers ultimo 2019
Authors: Carstens Bo
Published: January 2020

List of reviewers contributing to NJWLS until 1. January 2020
Downloads per ultimo 2019
Authors: Carstens Bo
Published: January 2020

List of downloads of articles from NJWLS 2011-2019
Big Daddy Lives or Don’t Say the F Word: Intersectional Feminist Directing in Theory and in Practice
Authors: Frost Lauren Kathleen
Published: January 2020

As a theatre and gender studies double major at the University of Victoria, I have been ableto critically think about the ways each of my fields of study could benefit the other. In myexperience, many courses in the UVic Department of Theatre generally focus on dramatic texts andtheoretical literature written by white men. Consequently, contributions to the theatre by women,people of colour, and/or non-Western theatre practitioners are largely dismissed or ignored. Myfrustration with this pattern was what led me to create Big Daddy Lives or Don’t Say the F Word,a part scripted, part devised performance piece that staged scenes from classic and contemporaryplays using directing theory written by feminists, for feminists. I curated the excerpts, wrote thetransition-text, and directed the play using an intersectional feminist framework. The project wasan experiment in applying intersectional feminism to theatre directing in order to critique the waythe male-dominated canon of plays and theories shapes theatre education. Through this project, Ifound that intersectional feminist directing techniques foster collaboration; encourage discussionand mutual education about identity, oppression, and representation; and can be applied to theproduction of both classics and contemporary feminist plays and to the creation of new work by anensemble.
The Promise of Intergenerational Choir for Improving Psychosocial and Cognitive Health for those with Dementia: The Voices in Motion Project
Authors: Tamburri Nicholas , Trites Michaella , Sheets Debra , Smith Andre , MacDonald Stuart
Published: January 2020

Rates of dementia continue to increase along with life expectancy. As neither dementia’s causenor its cure is well understood from the perspective of medical science, further investigations ofcomplementary lifestyle and non-pharmaceutical interventions are imperative. Although arts-basedtherapies have been explored selectively, the significance of these interventions for persons withdementia (PwD) remains undervalued in both the general population and scientific literature. Thisstudy aims to examine one promising lifestyle intervention, the effect of intergenerational choirparticipation, on psychosocial and cognitive function for PwD. Participants (n = 32), in partnershipwith their family caregivers and local high school students, participated in an intergenerational choirfor as many as three choir seasons spanning up to 18 months of follow-up. Participants underwent anexpansive assessment of psychosocial, physiological, and cognitive function every four to six weeksas part of an intensive repeated measures design. Here, the potential benefits of choir for PwD wereexplored in relation to change for select cognitive (Mini-Mental State Examination: MMSE; TrailMaking Task A: TMT-A; Word Recall) and psychosocial (Patient Health Questionnaire: PHQ-9)indicators. Multilevel modelling was used to index initial levels (at baseline) and change (spanningup to eight follow-up assessments) in function for measures of global cognition, executive functioning,episodic memory, and depressive symptoms. Notably, no significant declines were observed for MMSEor TMT-A tasks. As expected, episodic memory function continued to decline, with a significantlessening of depressive symptoms and signs observed for the PHQ-9. These results suggest thatdespite the progressive nature of underlying neuropathology for dementia subtypes like Alzheimer’sDisease, preservation of select cognitive functions as well as mitigation of psychosocial comorbidities(depressive symptoms) is possible through participation in an intergenerational choir.
Development of Basic Technology for Obtaining Sodium Alginate from Brown Algae
Authors: Sokolan Nina , Kuranova Lyudmila , Voron’ko Nikolay , Grokhovskiy Vladimir
Published: January 2020

The possibility of making sodium alginate from a by-product (fucus semi-finished product), obtained by producing an extract from brown algae of the Fucus family – fucus bubbly (F.vesiculosus), has been studied. It has been found that up to 80% of the alginic acids contained in the feedstock remain in the fucus semi-finished product, which can also be isolated and used. The principal technology of sodium alginate from the fucus semi-finished product is developed, consisting of the following main stages: preparation of raw materials, reduction, pretreatment, extraction of alginates, isolation of alginic acid, production of sodium alginate, drying. As a result of optimization of the technological scheme, it was possible to increase the yield and improve the quality of the product: the yield of sodium alginate was 4.5% (which is 20% higher than the original), the content of alginic acids increased by 7% and was 92% in terms of dry matter, kinematic the viscosity increased almost twofold - its value reached a value of 500 cSt. Investigations carried out by the Fourier method of IR spectroscopy on the Shimadzu IR Tracer-100 ( Japan) showed that the sodium alginate obtained from the fucus semi-finished by optimized technology is not inferior in quality to sodium alginate produced from laminaria (Sigma Aldrich (USA).) Sodium alginate, made from the fucus semi-finished product, can be used as one of the components of gelling fillings for the production of canned fish in jellies. A technological scheme for processing algae is proposed.
Formation of the Correct Mathematical Model of Grinding Raw Meat in Meat Mincer
Authors: Pelenko Valery , Ivanenko Vladimir , Verboloz Elena , Demchenko Vera , Usmanov Ilkhom
Published: January 2020

Improvements of technological processes and equipment at modern meat-processing enterprises are challenging. It is especially important for the basic and widely used process of grinding raw meat material. Framework enhancements in meat grinding equipment allow one to significantly decrease power consumption and improve the quality of meat products and productivity of raw material processing. The grinding equipment for raw meat and meat products makes about a half of all the equipment used in meat industry. The generalized mathematical model presented is used to optimize the meat grinding process. Design and technology optimizationof mincers proves to be the most efficient only using correct mathematical models of extrusion processes. The influence of design and technological options on performance of mincers using EI is prioritized. The priority for further research is estimated. Both mathematical models of individual processes and results of computer simulations of mincers performance are presented. Mathematical equations, variables and algorithms are calculated using the ”Delphi” program. The results of numerical calculations are illustrated by the corresponding graphical dependencies.
Fluctuating Asymmetry of Leaves of Betula pubescens Ehrh. for Assessment of Pollution of the Urban Environment of the Kola North
Authors: Saltan Natalya , Svyatkovskaya Ekaterina , Trostenyuk Nadezhda
Published: January 2020

The results of determining the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) index of Betula pubescens leaves as well as the state of birches in general, as an aboriginal species in the Murmansk region to assess the pollution of urban ecosystems of the Kola North (Murmansk, Apatity, Olenegorsk, Polyarnye Zori, Kandalaksha) in the zone of influence of railway transport have been presented in the article. It has been shown that the most weakened birches grow in Kandalaksha and Olenegorsk, while in Kandalaksha area, there are more than 10% of dead trees. It has been revealed that the highest FA index which characterizes the critical state of plants and the high level of environmental pollution is observed in Olenegorsk. The increased level of FA has also been in Kandalaksha and Polyarnye Zori. The comparative analysis of the state of plants and FA index showed existence of functional interrelation only in Kandalaksha and Olenegorsk when with a significant proportion of weakened trees the indicator of FA is the highest. Due to the fact that the increase in the level of FA is influenced by stress factors caused not only by pollution, the method of assessing the quality of the environment by the fluctuating asymmetry should be used in complex with other studies.
Distribution of Polychaeta Communities in the Western and Northern Part of the Barents Sea
Authors: Dikaeva Dinara , Frolova Elena
Published: January 2020

Species composition and quantitative characteristics of polychaetes in the western and northern parts of the Barents Sea were analyzed on the basis of the material collected in July and November 2017 on MMBI expeditions aboard the RV “Dalniye Zelentsy”. Three faunistic polychaete complexes were revealed, depending on environmental conditions in the study area. A change in species composition and structure of communities from the bottom topography, structure of bottom sediments and bottom hydrodynamics were noted. An increase in biomass and density of polychaetes settlement was revealed in deep-water areas of the Barents Sea, on soft silty-clay soils, where the dominant species is Spiochaetopterus typicus. A decrease in quantitative characteristics of polychaetes was observed in shallow areas, on hard soils, in the zone of intensive erosion of bottom sediments as a result of warm and cold currents interaction, where the polychaete Nothria hyperborea dominated.
Assessment of Freshwater Bodies in Murmansk in Terms of Composition of Aquatic Invertebrates
Authors: Minchenok Elena , Kovaleva Tatiana
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of analysis of hydrobiological samples of freshwater bodies of Murmansk (Lake Okunevoe, Lake Ledovoe and Lake Semyonovskoe). The number, degree of dominance and frequency of occurrence of organisms are determined. In Lake Ledovoe, the dominant species represent small organisms with simple life cycles and a high rate of reproduction. The taxonomic composition of water invertebrate community in the Lake Ledovoe highlights features of anthropogenic eutrophication. Several dominant species stand out in the ciliatocenosis of the Lake Okunevoe. The species diversity of micrzooplankton community is higher than in the Lake Ledovoe. In general, the Lake Okunevoe can be characterized as a water body with signs of ecosystem stability damage. The hydrobiocenoses of the Lake Semyonovskoe has the greatest species diversity. However, it is characterized by the tendency to decrease the species composition of organisms – indicators of clean waters. There are initial signs of anthropogenic eutrophication of the Lake Semyonovskoe. The waters of the studied lakes are characterized as β-mesosaprobic (moderately contaminated). It is generally noted that the fauna of water bodies is characterized by small species diversity. In lakes, there is a prevalence of small-sized organisms of heterotrophic nutrition. There is a stable decreasing tendency of species composition of hydrobionts and simplification of food chains in urban aquatic ecosystems subject to anthropogenic impact.
Chitosan Technology from Crustacean Shells of the Northern Seas
Authors: Novikov Vitaliy , Derkach Svetlana , Konovalova Irina
Published: January 2020

Technological schemes for the production of chitin and chitosan from the crustaceans of the Barents Sea have been developed. We used shells of king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) as chitin-containing raw materials, which are waste from the processing of crabs and contain 5.5 and 4.9 wt.% chitin, respectively. Technological schemes are developed taking into account the chemical composition of the used raw materials containing a large amount of residual protein (up to 26 wt.% in the king crab shell) and mineral substances (up to 17 wt.% in the snow crab shell). A chemical method for chitin production has been used. The technological scheme includes the stages of the first deproteinization, demineralization, the second deproteinization and depigmentation of the raw materials using chemical reagents - acids, alkalis, etc. The deacetylation reaction in an alkaline medium was used as the main method for chitosan production from chitin. Technological solutions have been found to significantly reduce the consumption of alkali, to form a circuit of alkaline solutions. This leads to the reduction of pollution of wastewater generated during the production of chitin and chitosan. The resulting polysaccharide chitosan has a degree of deacetylation of 80–85%. Such a product is considered as a valuable ingredient for high-quality functional foods.
Trematode Parthenitae Infection Rate and Distribution of Kola Bay Actic Molluscs of the Genus Littorina
Authors: Kulesh Kseniia , Kravets Petr , Bacherikov Ivan
Published: January 2020

The study was carried out in 2018 in the littoral zone of Kola Bay during the autumn period in the areas of Abram Mys Settlement, Mishukovo Settlement and Retinskaya Bay. Molluscs of the genus Littorina were collected from various substrates: stones, algae, metal construction and soil. In addition, samples were taken not from a particular substrate, but along the borders of the littoral zone to study species composition of molluscs and common level of infection rate in study areas. Our data showed that L. saxatilis infested by mature trematode parthenitae prefer being on the surface of algae, metal structure, stones at low tide instead of hiding under the stones, in the thickness of algae and in other possible shelters. The study of age distribution among infested Littorina molluscs living on different substrates showed that the ratio of age groups is different and varies from 1+ to 13+. Distribution data are established and considered for infested molluscs by trematode parthenitae of the group ”pygmaeus”: Microphallus pygmaeus, M. piriformes, which are characterized by the absence of free-living cercariae. Trematode parthenitae of other species which have a stage of free-living cercaria in their life cycle are absent in molluscs during the autumn period.
Automation of Aerospace Observations of Manifestation of Oil and Gas in Marine Areas
Authors: Akovetsky Victor , Afanasyev Alexey , Vaseha Michael
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the tasks of creating aerospace data processing centers that monitor the impact of natural and man-made sources of oil and gas in marine areas. An important place among them is occupied by the task of automatical detecting and interpreting the properties of oil pollution of the water surface of marine areas. The article examines the methods and technologies that provide: localization of the object search area; real-time image acquisition using remote sensing systems; automatic interpretation of the manifestation of oil and gas in images of the research area; preparation of passports of oil pollution of the sea aquatories water surface.
Formation of Polyelectrolyte Complexes from Chitosan and Alkaline Gelatin
Authors: Nicolay Voron’ko , Nina Sokolan , Yuliya Kuchina , Galina Berestova
Published: January 2020

The interaction of chitosan and alkaline gelatin biopolymers in formation of polyelectrolyte complexes has been studied by the Fourier IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Also the influence of chitosan on the morphology of gelatin hydrogels has been observed. It has been shown that in the range of chitosan (C)/gelatin (G) (w/w) ratio Z = g= gC/gG from 0.1 to 1.5, chitosan–gelatin complexes are formed due to electrostatic interactions of charges amino-groups of chitosan and carboxylic groups of gelatin as well as due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In this case, the share of collagen-like triple helices in the spatial network of hydrogel decreases. The formation of chitosan–gelatin complexes leads to the qualitative changes in the hydrogel morphology even at low ratios of biopolymer (at Z = 0.025 gC/gG). The fiber-like structure of gelatin gels transforms and less structured but denser zones appear in the gel network.
Morphological and Genetic Variability of the Mass Whitefish Forms in Lake Onega
Authors: Ilmast Nikolay , Sendek Dmitry , Zuykova Elena , Milyanchuk Nikolay , Savosin Denis , Borisovskaya Aleksandra , Alekseev Maksim , Bochkarev Nikolay
Published: January 2020

In Lake Onega, the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus has been shown to occur as a variety of forms. Medium- and sparsely-ranked whitefish are most abundant. Analysis of available data indicates that whitefish populations from Karelia’s large lakes display the maximum values of various genetic variability indices. This fact seems to be due to the history of the colonization of the lake by the discrete evolutionary whitefish lineages from various Late Quaternary habitats followed by their hybridization. A great variety of Onega whitefish haplotypes is probably related to the genetic heterogeneity of the whitefish who until recently had occurred as five ecological forms ranking as subspecies. The median network obtained suggests that many of the populations studied have become less abundant. The well-defined “star-like” network structure is characteristic of populations that passed through a narrow “bottleneck” in the near past and then expanded rapidly, as indicated by the abundance of rare haplotype varieties. It seems that the retreat of the Scandinavian glacier was not a momentary event but took a long time during which the populations formed were subjected to demographic transformations.
Restoration of Forest Live Cover and Understory in Pinetum of Former Agricultural Lands
Authors: Danilov Dmitriy , Navalikhin Sergey , Vayman Aleksey , Philipp Lugovoy
Published: January 2020

The article presents the study of the restoration processes of vegetation in stands of pine and spruce on lands formerly used for agricultural purposes. The standard methods used in phytocenological and pedologic studies are used. It is noted that a high content of organic matter can not be a limiting factor in the growth and development of living soil cover and does not affect its projective cover. Depending on the care of stands by applying fertilizers and using herbicides, the species composition of forest live cover varies while the dominant species are preserved. The number of woody species is considerably large in pure pine cultures in comparison with those of experimental sites, where fertilizers and herbicides were applied and understory is completely absent. It should be noted that more intensive recovery is observed in pine stands treated with herbicides. In cultures of old-age pine and spruce, the natural recovery of spruce is constrained by the vegetation of understories and the canopy of forest stand. After the formation of the closed canopy of forest stand, forest site factor and heterogeneity of the soil cover are mitigated by low light under the canopy. Thus, forest live cover becomes more uniform.
State and Value of Natural Capital As the Basis for Regional Economic Decisions
Authors: Alexandrova Marina , Vasiliev Anatoly , Ponomareva Elena , Glukhikh Yana , Pedko Vitalii
Published: January 2020

The economy of the Limansky district is based on the use of natural capital, and its preservation is of paramount importance for the region. Ecological-genetic-economic studies demonstrate the need for adequate economic accounting of natural capital and the environmental factor in economic decisions related to the development of the territory and transport infrastructure of the region.
Compound Feed Technology in Sturgeon Fish Aquiculture
Authors: N. Ozherelyeva Olga , A. Sytolkin Andrey , I. Vasilenko Lyudmila , M. Danyliv Maksim , A. Vasilenko Olga
Published: January 2020

The modern fish processing industry of the Russian Federation sets the task of increasing the efficiency of the use and development of the resource potential of the fishery complex by means of aquaculture and mariculture development, including sturgeon fish breeding. In this case, complex processing through the rational use of by-products of fish and hydrobiont. In Russia, China, the EU and other countries, most fish processing enterprises do not rationally use by-products of fish cutting, which leads to violation of environmental safety (waste deposits are littered with waste from the fishing industry). The article discusses the prospects of using alternative plant materials in the diet of sturgeon fish, presents the recipes for full extruded compound feed for this group of organisms, the quality indicators of compound feed for sturgeon. A comprehensive assessment of the quality of compound feed products was obtained according to the physicochemical and structural indicators of compound feed. The optimal terms and conditions of storage of the obtained feed were found. Based on the performed tests, it was concluded that it is advisable to use raw materials of plant origin in the composition of compound feed, which contributes to the growth of the live weight of fish, leads to the replacement of the costly components of the compound feed with cheaper raw materials of plant origin, provided that the nutritional value is not reduced, and the period and conditions of storage meet the existing requirements.
Seasonal Dynamics of Biological Indicators of the European Flounder Platichthys flesus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Central Part of the Kola Bay in 2018
Authors: Bondarev Oleg
Published: January 2020

The data on the seasonal dynamics of biological indicators of European flounder are presented for the central part of the Kola Bay for the year of 2018. In particular, the size-age and population sexual structure, feeding, and distribution density of European flounder were considered. The constants of the power equation of the dependence of the fish body weight on its length were obtained, the peculiarities of the fish growth were revealed. It is assumed that European flounder is one of the important components of the coastal ecosystems of the Kola Bay.
Development of Fish Products Technology with Using Food Supplements from Fish Remaining Feedstock
Authors: Brazhnaia Inna , Tifanyuk Alina , Kulik Olga , Sudak Svetlana
Published: January 2020

The article describes the technology for the production of chopped fish products from blue whiting with the use of food additives from secondary fish raw materials. The sociological survey results and analysis of Murmansk city population nutritional structure are presented and the main factors that affect the choice of fortified foods are identified. The basic formulation of chopped fish products with the introduction of biologically active mineral components is developed and its optimization is carried out by computer simulation. To search close to optimal for a mineral composition that, taking into account the high organoleptic and rheological characteristics, a high orthogonal rototable by mathematical modeling method. The results were processed Datafit 9.0 computer program by generally accepted statistical methods. The experimental results of the chemical composition of chopped fish products and their caloric value are presented. As a result of the studies, a technological scheme and recipe for chopped fish products from Northern Basin underutilized raw materials such as blue whiting with the secondary fish raw materials additives was developed. Experimentally was obtained, that the using a cutlet portion with the 15% addition from its net weight exceeds the daily share of calcium intake, which is unacceptable due to the presence of other food products containing it in the consumers daily diet. The previously developed optimization recipe for chopped blue whiting products with the fish bones flour addition based on organoleptic and structural-mechanical indicators obtained by mathematical modeling methods allowed us to establish the optimal ratio of the introduced components.
Assessment of Propionibacterium Metabolic Activity on Protein Substrate of Sarcoplasmic Fraction in Hydrobionts’ Muscle Tissue
Authors: Kramarenko Ekaterina , Makarevich Elena , Bahareva Yana , Makarevich Daniil , Afanaseva Anastasia
Published: January 2020

As a result of the conducted scientific researches, the authors analyzed methodical aspects of studying the proteolytic properties of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii-KM 186 – the representatives of the probiotic group of microorganisms, which allowed not only to evaluate the enzymatic activity of the objects of study but also to discover how physical and chemical factors influence the proteins hydrolysis intensity in sarcoplasmic and myofibrillary fractions of hydrobionts’ muscle tissue. During the experiment which aimed at assessing the possibility of using individual protein fractions of fish muscle tissue as a substrate for proteolysis by Propionibacterium bacteria for the spectrophotometry analysis of their enzymatic activity, it was found that the sarcoplasmic fraction can be used as a substrate for studying the microorganisms’ proteolytic activity. Determination of the information content of tyrosine concentration measuring by spectrophotometry to characterize the proteolytic activity of bacterial suspensions showed that to assess the enzymatic activity of living microorganisms culture it is advisable to use not the absolute values of the bacterial suspension activity, expressed in μmolTYR/ml×min or the tyrosine concentration in the sample (μmol/L), but the change in the tyrosine level in comparison with its primary values. This way of expressing the results will allow us to assess the prevalence of processes (dissimilation/assimilation). In addition, the experiment revealed the characteristic response of the Propionibacterium bacteria’s metabolic activity to changes in the physical and chemical conditions.
Simulation of the Pneumatic System of a Seed Drill with a Vertical Flow Direction
Authors: V. Kravtsov Artem , V. Konovalov Vladimir , Yu. Zaitsev Vladimir , M. Petrov Alexander , S. Petrova Svetlana
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the work is to reveal the influence of conical directing agents on the speed and trajectory of particles movement in the vertical pneumatic conduit of the sowing machine and to establish their rational parameters. With the help of numerical modeling the particle flight trajectories in the air flow were obtained. The carried out researches have shown expediency of application of the conical directing agent, allowing to take away a longitudinal stream of particles from walls of a pneumatic conduit and to centre their trajectories of movement along an axis of a pneumatic conduit. Particles are focused to the center of the distributor when the distributor covers the area of pneumatic conduit cross-section close to 25%.
Overcritical Water Oxidization As a Perspective Method of Biocontamination Disposal
Authors: Pelenko Valery , Khlynovskiy Aleksey , Verboloz Elena , Ivanova Marina , Evona Nikita
Published: January 2020

Technogenic development of society is characterized these days by the increasing deficit of raw material sources and environmental deterioration. One of the effective decisions for industrially-domestic and food production waste disposal is application of overcritical water oxidization method (OCWO). With the observance of all ecological norms, this method not only decreases the volume of wastes, lowers the class of danger of the appearing ash residue, but also rationally uses secondary energy. The OCWO method gives an opportunity of converting no less than 99,99% of organic compounds of initial mixture into environmentally sound water and gas. Metals are distinguished as inorganic salts or oxides. Most steady inorganic compounds in these parameters are slightly soluble in overcritical water and are deposited or exited as gas at cooling and depressurization. This paper aims to estimate the perspectives of overcritical water oxidization method (OCWO) for industrial waste disposal.
Current State of Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton and Bacteriobenthos in the Northern and Middle Parts of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Dyakova Svetlana , Volodina Victoria , Galyautdinova Ekaterina , Menkova Anna , Soprunova Olga
Published: January 2020

Data on the abundance of heterotrophic bacterioplankton and bacteriobenthos in the northern and middle parts of the Caspian during the period from 2013 to 2017 are presented. In the waters of the northern part of the Caspian, a peak in the number of saprotrophs and crude oil degraders was recorded in 2013. In the middle part of the Caspian and in the region of the Mangyshlak regression, high numbers of heterotrophic bacteria were recorded in 2013 and 2016. The biodiversity of bacterioplankton in the surveyed areas is almost the same; the species composition of saprotrophs and crude oil degraders is identical. In the bottom sediments of the northern and middle parts of the Caspian Sea, two peaks of saprotrophic bacteriobenthos development (in 2013 and 2016) were recorded; in the region of the Mangyshlak threshold, the concentration of saprotrophs remained stable. The number of crude oil degraders was inferior to those of saprotrophs, while the proportion of crude oil degraders to saprotrophs changed annually. The species composition of saprotrophs is relatively stable, the biodiversity of oil-oxidizing bacteriobenthos has changed in the direction of increasing the proportion of non-fermenting bacteria. Constant changes in the ratio of the number of saprotrophs and crude oil degraders, together with the transformations of the dominant groups of the species composition of bacteria, indicated the instability of bacteriobenthos, and, as a result, the vulnerability of the microecosystem of bottom sediments under changing environmental conditions.
Ecological Characteristic of Brown Algae Communities – Potential Aquaculture Objects
Authors: Kapkov Valentin , Shoshina Elena , Belenikina Olga
Published: January 2020

The benthic brown algae communities in coastal zone of southwest part of the Barents Sea have been studied. Research was carried out on the structure of benthic phytocenosis on the Murman coast in which edificators are brown seaweeds of the orders Fucales and Laminariales. The study focused on the dynamics of populations, size and age features against influence of the basic ecological factors on growth of commercial seaweeds - potential objects of mariculture. It is established that benthic phytocenosis on certain biotopes of littoral and sublittoral zones characterize by relativity high species diversity. The populations of commercial seaweeds form the multilevel structured benthic communities. The algae populations create topical, trophic and mediative connections which provide for steady stability of benthic communities. The use of plant community rather than individual algae species as biological indicators and biomonitors allows obtaining more complete information about the ecological state of benthic coastal ecosystem. The information collected can be used for the biological monitoring of marine bioresources in natural benthic communities, and also for cultivation of brown seaweeds under conditions of aquaculture.
Muscle Protease Activities in Salmo Trutta L. Inhabiting the Krivoi Ruchey River
Authors: Kantserova Nadezhda , Lysenko Liudmila , Krupnova Marina , Tushina Ekaterina , Nemova Nina
Published: January 2020

The effects of size, age, and smoltification on muscle protein breakdown systems were studied in wild brown trout Salmo trutta L. inhabiting the Krivoi Ruchey River of the White Sea basin, Kola Peninsula. Activities of autophagy-related proteases including cathepsin B and D, calpains, and proteasome were assayed in the skeletal muscle of brown trout parr and smolt of different age group. Youngest fish group consisted of the most actively growing individuals possessed the higher rate of protein breakdown compared to older groups. Different patterns of muscle protein breakdown inherent to brown trout parr and smolts were shown to be associated with calpain system and cathepsin D activities. Thus, increased activity of these proteases in smoltifying individuals obviously results in amino acid accumulation that could be a mechanism of seawater tolerance required for seaward migration. This study is the first to show the age- and stage-related dynamics in protease activities in skeletal muscle of brown trout inhabiting the Krivoi Ruchey River. Growth- and smoltification-related patterns of protease activities were quite similar in brown trout from the Krivoi Ruchey River and previously studied rivers of the White Sea basin, however, some habitat-related differences were observed.
Collagen Isolation from Arctic Marine Organisms and Their Industrial Processing Wastes
Authors: Baryshnikov Andrey , Derkach Svetlana , Shumskaya Nadezhda , Rysakova Kira , Lyzhov Ivan , Ripak Yuri
Published: January 2020

The results of the isolation of collagen hydrolysates from tissues of two Arctic marine organisms are presented. Extraction and use of marine organism collagen is a part of complex waste less processing of sea catches. Possible ways of preparing water-soluble collagen hydrolysates from different sources were studied. It is established that for preparing soluble collagen hydrolysate from skin of cod Gadus morhua acid hydrolysis in 0.3% acetic acid is suitable. Purification of solution by means of ultrafiltration gives a pure collagen hydrolysate with mass fraction of the main substance about 98%. Collagen of muscular skin bag of holothuria Molpadia borealis is almost insoluble in acid and alkali solutions. The major mass of collagen remains in an insoluble residue. The analysis of infrared spectrum transmission and chemical analysis of the general carbohydrates and collagen in different fractions showed that as a result of acid and alkaline processing of raw materials the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and some quantity of collagen are extracted, their main quantity was determined in alkaline extracts. For extraction of soluble collagen from insoluble residue it is required enzymatic by pepsin in acidic medium. Properties of holothurian collagen and fish collagen are different. The preparation of water-soluble collagen derivatives requires using enzymatic hydrolysis.
Technology and Properties of Chondroitin Sulfate from Marine Hydrobionts
Authors: Konovalova Irina , Novikov Vitaliy , Kuchina Yuliya , Dolgopiatova Nataliia
Published: January 2020

Chondroitin sulfate was isolated from the cartilage tissue of salmon (Salmo salar), northern skate (Raja hyperborean) and black-shark (Galeus melastomus). The polysaccharide content is from 67.1% to 82.2% in the samples. FTIR spectra of the obtained samples contain peaks at wave numbers characteristic of chondroitin sulfates (1550, 1350–1300, 1160–1120 и 822 cм–1). The thermal properties of chondroitin sulfates were studied by differential thermogravimetry. It was shown that the weight loss of the samples in the temperature range of 40–600ºC occurs in several stages. At the first stage, desorption of physically bound water occurs to a temperature of 150–200ºC, which can be explained by the difficulty in breaking hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the polar functional groups of chondroitin sulfate. Thermal decomposition of the bulk of chondroitin sulfate samples is observed at temperatures from 230–530ºC. The presence of peaks on the TGA curves in the temperature range 236–330ºC is associated with the release of sulfate groups and carboxylic acids (thermal destruction of uronic acid and pyranose units). When samples are heated above 350–400ºC, thermal oxidative degradation of residual carbon and sulfur compounds develops. The mass loss rates in each region were determined and the activation energies of each event were calculated. The nature of the cartilage tissue from which chondroitin sulfate is isolated affects the rate of destruction. Thus, in the temperature range 236–244ºC, the lowest destruction rate is observed for samples of chondroitin sulfate from salmon cartilage.
Effect of Heterogeneous Deacetylation on the Properties of Northern Shrimp Chitin and Chitosan
Authors: Dolgopiatova Nataliia , Kuchina Yuliya , Dyakina Tatiana , Volkova Tatiana
Published: January 2020

The effect of alkaline treatment of shrimp chitin on the molecular weight, the degree of deacetylation and degree of crystallinity of the resulting chitosan is studied. The viscosity of chitosan solutions from repeatedly deacetylated chitin is studied. It is shown that repeated treatment of chitin/chitosan with alkali causes the destruction of polysaccharide macromolecules. After four-time deacetylation and one-time deacetylation of chitin/chitosan for four hours, the molecular weight of the polysaccharide decreases by ten times. The maximum degree of chitosan deacetylation under experimental conditions was 92.0 -92.5%. The diffractograms of chitin and chitosan from the Northern shrimp are of the form typical for samples containing an amorphous phase in addition to a crystalline phase. The degree of crystallinity of chitin from Northern shrimp was 40.8%, of chitosan samples after one-, two-, and three-time deacetylation was 62-65%. For a sample of chitosan obtained after four-time deacetylation, recrystallization, and drying in a freeze dryer, the degree of crystallinity is close to the degree of crystallinity of shrimp chitin. The investigated acetic acid chitosan solutions with a concentration of 5% (wt.) and the chitosan molecular weight of 250, 160 and 130 kDa in their rheological properties are liquid-like non-Newtonian systems, their viscosity decreasing with increasing shear stress. After four-time deacetylation of chitin, the viscosity of chitosan solutions practically does not change with increasing shear stress, which apparently can be due to a significant decrease in the molecular weight of chitosan under these conditions.
Lipid Composition of the Tissues of Coregonus lavaretus L. of the Kola Peninsula
Authors: Mishanina Lyudmila , Malaeva Anna
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of the investigation of the lipid composition of the muscle, liver and eggs of the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus L. of different age groups harvested from lakes Lovozero and Umbozero of the Kola Peninsula. The study of the lipid composition of the tissues to some extent allows evaluating the features of lipid metabolism and the physiological state of an organism. Lipids were extracted from the tissues applying Bligh – Dyer method. Fractional composition of lipids was determined using one-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Individual lipid fractions were determined by densitometry. The content of total lipids in the muscle tissue of mature whitefish from Umbozero Lake was lower than that of the whitefish from Lovozero Lake. With ageing, the content of phospholipids in the muscle tissue of the whitefish from Umbozero unlike the whitefish from Lovozero increases, but the content of triacylglycerols decreases, due to the lack of nutrition and active swimming of the whitefish in cold water of Umbozero Lake. The portion of triacylglycerols in the liver of the whitefish from Lovozero is higher than in the whitefish from Umbozero, which is probably related to the diet of the whitefish from Lovozero. In the whitefish eggs from the two reservoirs structural lipids are dominant and high content of cholesterol was identified. Molar ratio of CHS/PHL and PHCH/PHEA is lower in the whitefish from Umbozero compared to the whitefish from Lovozero, which should lead to an increase in the functional activity of membrane structures, lipid matrix fluidity and metabolism in the fish from Umbozero.
Importance of the Joint Use of Goat and Cow Milk in the Production of Soft Cheeses
Authors: Chechetkina Aleksandra , Zabodalova Ludmila , Suchkova Elena
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the data on the physicochemical composition of cow and goat milk in different seasons of the year, as well as physicochemical data on mixed compositions of cow and goat milk in various proportions for the production of soft cheeses without ripening. The yield of soft cheese samples was calculated for a different combination of cow and goat milk, where a soft cheese sample with a milk raw material ratio of 50/50 and with the addition of extruded chickpea flour had a yield of 20.5%. Thus, it was found that the developed soft cheese formulation from a mixture of milk raw materials with chickpea flour allows the production of an environmentally friendly and biologically complete product.
Reduction of the Negative Impact on the Environment By Optimizing the Combustion Process in Diesel Engines
Authors: Barinov Aleksandr
Published: January 2020

The article considers the problem of the negative impact of the exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines on the environment and human health. The types of organization of the ignition process and the process of fuel combustion in a diesel engine are considered. The reasons for the occurrence of increased particulate matter in internal combustion engines in exhaust gases are also described. The main factors affecting the delay of ignition are given. The main stages of soot formation in diesel internal combustion engines are described. The influence of temperature distribution in the jets of injected fuel and the dependence of emissions on the coefficient of excess air are considered. As a result, the main conclusions are given on ensuring the reduction of solid particles in the exhaust gases of diesel engines by optimizing the combustion process.