bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OFICINA DE LEITURA NO PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO
Authors: Gomes Admir Rodrigues , Silva Celia Regina da , Alves Elaine Patrícia , Alves Eliane Cristina , Ricci Luciana Carla Dorileo Rosa Soares , Julkovski Sheila Mara Damasceno , Arruda Tatiane Miranda de
Published: March 2024

A construção de saberes no ensino de língua portuguesa demanda atividades que estimulam a participação do aluno e o seu reconhecimento como agente ativo no processo de ensino-aprendizagem nas séries iniciais. No ensino de Língua Portuguesa, a oficina de leitura se define como uma situação de aprendizagem, que se torna um espaço de promoção da literatura e da leitura aos alunos.  O objetivo geral deste é discutir a aplicação da estratégia de ensino de oficina de leitura no ensino de língua portuguesa do ensino fundamental. Este estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa bibliográfica. A relevância deste estudo se evidencia nas demandas de aprendizagem de leitura, que são identificadas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa no ensino fundamental. A oficina de leitura aproxima os alunos e o recurso didático das obras da literatura infanto-juvenil no ensino fundamental, promovendo a aprendizagem linguística e dos demais componentes da língua portuguesa e, ainda facilitando a compreensão de si, de sua realidade e das relações do seu entorno.
RASTREIO INFECCIOSO EM FUNÇÃO TIREOIDIANA: INVESTIGAÇÃO DE POSSÍVEL TUMOR PRIMÁRIO DE TIREOIDE SOB MASSA CÉRVICO-TORÁCICA INFILTRANTE COM OCLUSÃO >90% DO LÚMEN DE VIA AÉREA EM PACIENTE FIBROCÍSTICO
Authors: Zamorano Andrea Almeida
Published: March 2024

O exame bacteriológico é um dos principais parâmetros que auxiliam o diagnóstico e manuseio da infecção respiratória dos pacientes com  Fibrose  Cística  (FC).  Os microrganismos que colonizam e infectam o paciente fibrocístico  determinam  o tratamento,  a  qualidade  de  vida,  as  perspectivas  para  o  transplante  e  a  sua  sobrevida  global.  A identificação precisa de patógenos respiratórios é essencial para o tratamento da infecção, seja como guia para o uso adequado de antibióticos por longos períodos para os pacientes com infecção bacteriana crônica ou para a aplicação adequada de medidas de controle de infecção. Embora exista um espectro limitado de patógenos respiratórios classicamente associados à doença respiratória na FC, um número crescente de microrganismos vem sendo reconhecido como potenciais agentes patogênicos. A principal bactéria envolvida com a doença respiratória em FC é a P. aeruginosa a qual durante o curso da infecção crônica pode apresentar variações fenotípicas peculiares aos pacientes fibrocísticos (crescimento em forma mucoide e em biofilme, hipermutabilidade, perda de flagelo, etc.). Além disso é  importante  avaliar,  através  do  exame  bacteriológico,  possíveis reduções  de  carga  microbiana  pulmonar,  especialmente  de P.  aeruginosa e  CBC,  visto  ue  a  erradicação  total  destes patógenos é, invariavelmente, impossível em FC.
IMPACTO DA EXPOSIÇÃO PROLONGADA A TELAS ELETRÔNICAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INFANTIL: PERSPECTIVAS E RECOMENDAÇÕES
Authors: Gruppo Isadora Fernandes , Freitas Heloísa Cardoso de , Freitas Anna Carolina Faria de , Lopes Letícia Avelar , Ruiz Jullia Novaes Teixeira Garcia , Cabral Ketlen Cristina Silva , Fernandes Jéssica dos Santos , Nogueira Bruna Corrêa , Pontes Gabriela Zucatelli , Cavalcante Adalia Stefanny de Araújo
Published: March 2024

A exposição prolongada a telas eletrônicas tem se tornado uma preocupação crescente devido aos potenciais impactos no desenvolvimento infantil. Esta revisão examinou o impacto dessa exposição nas perspectivas cognitivas, socioemocionais e físicas das crianças, bem como as recomendações para mitigar esses efeitos. A análise dos estudos incluídos revelou associações entre o uso excessivo de dispositivos eletrônicos e atrasos no desenvolvimento da linguagem, problemas de comportamento, menor desempenho acadêmico e riscos para a saúde física e mental das crianças. As recomendações destacam a importância de estabelecer limites claros para o tempo de tela, promover um equilíbrio saudável entre o uso de dispositivos eletrônicos e outras atividades, e educar pais, cuidadores e profissionais de saúde sobre estratégias para um uso saudável de telas. Essas descobertas ressaltam a necessidade de abordagens holísticas e baseadas em evidências para proteger o bem-estar e o desenvolvimento saudável das crianças em um mundo digitalmente conectado.
O PAPEL EMERGENTE DOS BIOMARCADORES CARDÍACOS NA ESTRATIFICAÇÃO DE RISCO E NO MANEJO DE DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES
Authors: Ruiz Jullia Novaes Teixeira Garcia , Sousa Bianca Estevão de , Gruppo Isadora Fernandes , Ferreira Tainan Gomes , Martins João Pedro Barros Costa , Oliveira Pâmella Naves de , Amorim Júnior Lorival Ribeiro de , Ferreira Iago Ferreira dos Santos , Silva Lúcio Petterson Tôrres da , Andrade Mayara Lacerda da Cunha
Published: March 2024

Os biomarcadores cardíacos têm emergido como ferramentas essenciais na estratificação de risco e no manejo de doenças cardiovasculares. Esta revisão sistemática investigou o papel desses biomarcadores na prática clínica, examinando estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Foram identificados 25 estudos relevantes, incluindo ensaios clínicos randomizados, estudos de coorte prospectivos e revisões sistemáticas. Troponina, peptídeo natriurético tipo B (BNP) e proteína C-reativa (PCR) foram os biomarcadores mais estudados, demonstrando associações significativas com desfechos cardiovasculares adversos, como infarto do miocárdio e insuficiência cardíaca. Além disso, biomarcadores emergentes, como miRNA e galectina-3, mostraram promessa na avaliação do risco cardiovascular. No entanto, desafios permanecem em relação à padronização dos ensaios laboratoriais e à interpretação dos resultados. A pesquisa futura deve se concentrar na validação de biomarcadores emergentes e no desenvolvimento de estratégias para sua implementação na prática clínica. Esses avanços têm o potencial de melhorar a precisão na identificação de pacientes em risco e otimizar o manejo terapêutico de doenças cardiovasculares.
Fonctions barrière et drainage : installations de stockage de déchets non dangereux et ouvrages hydrauliques
Authors: TOUZE Nathalie
Published: March 2024

Les fonctions barrières et drainage sont essentielles aux ouvrages hydrauliques et aux dispositifs d’étanchéité. L’objectif de ce chapitre, est d’expliciter à travers des documents de référence (articles, textes réglementaires, normes, guides techniques) ce que sont les barrières et les matériaux qui les constituent, ainsi que leurs contraintes d’utilisation dans les cas particuliers des installations de stockage de déchets non dangereux et celui des ouvrages hydrauliques.
L’expérience française des géosynthétiques à partir du comportement d’ouvrages anciens
Authors: GOURC Jean-Pierre , DELMAS Philippe
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre présente un retour d’expérience sur le comportement d’ouvrages anciens qui ont été à leur époque précurseurs d’une nouvelle technique. Les ouvrages présentés ont pour la plupart une quarantaine ou même une cinquantaine d’années, et sont toujours fonctionnels. Certains de ces ouvrages ont été suivis, instrumentés, des prélèvements d’échantillons ont été effectués au cours du temps. L’évolution observée sur des temps aussi longs, avec une pérennité de la fonction attribuée au géosynthétique, constitue un témoignage précieux pour les concepteurs d’ouvrages avec géosynthétiques d’aujourd’hui.
L’IA pour le Cloud et l’Edge Networking
Authors: HADDADOU Kamel , PUJOLLE Guy
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre s’intéresse à l’introduction de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) dans le cadre de l’Edge et du Cloud Networking. Le chapitre examine l’IA dans le contrôle du SDN et dans l’aide à la gestion du Cloud Networking. Pour terminer, il décrit l’utilisation de jumeaux numériques intelligents pour contrôler les réseaux.
Les architectures open source pour le Cloud et l’Edge Networking
Authors: HADDADOU Kamel , PUJOLLE Guy
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre décrit les architectures open source du Cloud Networking. Ces architectures regroupent les logiciels des différents niveaux comme par exemple OpenDaylight pour le contrôleur mais également ONAP pour l’automatisation du réseau. Le logiciel open source OPNFV rassemble les logiciels open source retenus pour réaliser l’architecture complète.
Les différents produits commerciaux provenant du Cloud et de l’Edge Networking
Authors: HADDADOU Kamel , PUJOLLE Guy
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre décrit les différents produits issues du SDN. Le premier concerne le contrôle des Fabric, le second et certainement le plus important, le SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network) permettant aux grandes entreprises de se doter d’un réseau utilisant plusieurs WAN et d’une stratégie de sécurité SASE. Enfin, le chapitre s’intéresse aux solutions vCPE, vWi-Fi, vRAN, etc.
OpenFlow, P4, OpFlex, I2RS
Authors: HADDADOU Kamel , PUJOLLE Guy
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre entre dans les protocoles de signalisation du SDN avec OpenFlow qui représente le standard, mais également P4 qui pourrait remplacer OpenFlow à terme. Il introduit également OpFlex, la solution défendue par CISCO, et I2RS provenant de l’IETF, l’organisme de normalisation d’Internet.
Circulation des modèles en Afrique : l’exemple du Bus Rapid Transit au Cap
Authors: BAFFI Solène
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre porte sur la circulation des modèles de transports urbains en Afrique. A partir de l’exemple du projet de Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) mis en œuvre au Cap, il s’attache à montrer comment ces modèles sont portés par des réseaux d’acteurs aux intérêts divers et façonnés au gré des contextes locaux, donnant lieu à des inadéquations et à des innovations dans les villes africaines.
Une mobilité inégalement distribuée, éclairage sur le Brésil
Authors: MOTTE-BAUMVOL Benjamin
Published: March 2024

Dans une société valorisant une forte mobilité, ce chapitre analyse le lien entre la faible mobilité, caractérisée par des distances courtes et un nombre réduit de déplacements, et les formes d'exclusion qui en découlent. Les effets de contexte sociaux et spatiaux sont étudiés en Europe, en Amérique du Nord et en Australie, puis confrontés au cas du Brésil, marqué par de fortes inégalités et une faible mobilité.
La mobilité des enfants : regards croisés entre la France et le Québec
Authors: GODILLON Sylvanie
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre étudie la mobilité piétonne et autonome des enfants. Depuis une vingtaine d’années, cette mobilité décline en France et au Québec. Moins marcher a des effets négatifs sur la santé, le rapport aux espaces publics et l’autonomie. Les kilomètres parcourus en voiture pour accompagner les enfants entraînent des conséquences environnementales. Des actions sont mises en place pour inciter à la marche ou au vélo.
Les politiques du vélo en Europe : le cas du Grand Lyon et de Hambourg
Authors: ESKENAZI Manon
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre porte sur les trajectoires des politiques du vélo dans le Grand Lyon et à Hambourg. Il éclaire la manière dont les politiques s’articulent autour d’instruments spécifiques liés à l’infrastructure et aux services. Dans les deux villes, les politiques se concentrent sur le déplacement. Elles peinent à intégrer la dimension sociale de la pratique du vélo, limitant l'influence des politiques sur les pratiques.
Mutagénèse et domestication accélérée
Authors: PELLETIER Georges
Published: March 2024

La diversification des espèces cultivées est une nécessité dans un environnement soumis aux contraintes climatiques et leurs conséquences. La mutagénèse ciblée offre la possibilité de domestiquer rapidement de nouvelles espèces et de domestiquer de novo les espèces sauvages dont dérivent nos cultures. Elle représente donc une opportunité pour atteindre plus rapidement ces objectifs de diversification génétique.
Génétique de la domestication des poissons en aquaculture
Authors: TELETCHEA Fabrice
Published: March 2024

Les premiers élevages de poissons datent de 8 000 ans en Chine. L’aquaculture a débuté en Occident au 19ème siècle et avec elle une domestication récente où la distinction entre sauvage et domestique reste floue. Elle se poursuit pour améliorer la survie, la reproduction et la croissance en conditions de captivité dont la meilleure réussite est le saumon d’Atlantique.
VARNOST, OBRAMBA V SLOVENIJI
Authors: Jazbec Milan
Published: March 2024

Milan Jazbec je že več kot tri desetletja poklicni diplomat in se z znanostjo in publicistiko ukvarja poleg svoje osnovne poklicne dejavnosti. Leta 2015 je bil izvoljen za rednega profesorja diplomacije. Kot prvi redni profesor diplomacije v Sloveniji (in za sedaj edini) ter eden maloštevilnih v Evropi, je prof. dr. Milan Jazbec uspel ustvariti s svojo znanstveno, strokovno in publistično produkcijo zelo obsežen, raznolik ter interdisciplinaren opus. Diplomacija je vedno v ospredju njegovega razmišljanja in pisanja, kar gre v korak z njegovimi tremi desetletji in pol delovanja v diplomaciji, v kateri je začel delati oktobra 1987 v Beogradu ter nadaljeval v slovenski diplomaciji od njenega samega začetka, kot pripadnik prve generacije diplomacije samostojne in neodvisne Republike Slovenije. Njegova kariera predstavlja redko simbiozo diplomatske prakse in njene znanstvene refleksije ter njunega medsebojnega prežemanja. Čeprav je diplomacija vedno v središču njegove pozornosti, jo on praktično vedno povezuje s sorodnimi področji, od mednarodne varnosti, obrambe, političnih znanosti, zgodovine, sociologije, diplomatskega in konzularnega prava pa vse do antropologije, filozofije, kulture in literature. Trilogija predstavlja izbor približno dveh tretjin prispevkov znanstvenega in publicističnega dela (članki, eseji in spremne besede ter prispevki s področja varnosti, obrambe in Slovenije) Milana Jazbeca, ki je bil v minulih treh desetletjih objavljen v različnih periodičnih publikacijah, selekcija je avtorjeva, pri čemer je imel pred očmi tematsko področje vsake od treh knjig: znanstveni in nekateri strokovni članki, zatem eseji in spremne besede ter še prispevki, ki se ukvarjajo z varnostjo, obrambo in Slovenijo v tem okvirju. V osnovi pa je vse vezano na diplomacijo, še posebej na nastanek in razvoj ter delovanje slovenske diplomacije, in s tem povezane teme.
Insights into carbonate environmental conditions in the Chukchi Sea
Authors: Hauri Claudine , Irving Brita , Dupont Sam , Pagés Rémi , Hauser Donna D. W. , Danielson Seth L.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Healthy Arctic marine ecosystems are essential to the food security and sovereignty, culture, and wellbeing of Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic. At the same time, Arctic marine ecosystems are highly susceptible to impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. While increasing ocean and air temperatures and melting sea ice act as direct stressors on the ecosystem, they also indirectly enhance ocean acidification, accelerating the associated changes in the inorganic carbon system. Yet, much is to be learned about the current state and variability of the inorganic carbon system in remote, high-latitude oceans. Here, we present time series (2016–2020) of pH and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) from the northeast Chukchi Sea continental shelf. The Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory includes a suite of subsurface year-round moorings sited amid a biological hotspot that is characterized by high primary productivity and a rich benthic food web that in turn supports coastal Iñupiat, whales, ice seals, walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), and Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida). Our observations suggest that near-bottom waters (33 m depth, 13 m above the seafloor) are a high carbon dioxide and low pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) environment in summer and fall, when organic material from the highly productive summer remineralizes. During this time, Ωarag can be as low as 0.4. In winter, when the site was covered by sea ice, pH was <8 and Ωarag remained undersaturated under the sea ice. There were only two short seasonal periods with relatively higher pH and Ωarag, which we term ocean acidification relaxation events. In spring, high primary production from sea ice algae and phytoplankton blooms led to spikes in pH (pH > 8) and aragonite oversaturation. In late fall, strong wind-driven mixing events that delivered low-CO2 surface water to the shelf also led to events with elevated pH and Ωarag. Given the recent observations of high rates of ocean acidification and a sudden and dramatic shift of the physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystem conditions in the Chukchi Sea, it is possible that the observed extreme conditions at the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory are deviating from the carbonate conditions to which many species are adapted.
Expected performance of the 3GM gravity experiment on JUICE during the extended orbital phase at Ganymede
Authors: Cappuccio Paolo , Iess Luciano , Di Benedetto Mauro
Published: March 2024

The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE), launched successfully on April 14, 2023, with an Ariane 5 launcher from the European spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, embarks on a pioneering space mission dedicated to studying Jupiter and its Galilean moons. A key scientific investigation aboard JUICE, the Gravity and Geophysics of Jupiter and the Galilean Moons (3GM) radio science experiment, aims to unravel the interior structures of the Galilean moons Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa by retrieving their gravity fields.
This gravity experiment delves into Ganymede's static gravity field, tidal response, and rotational state, utilizing the Ka-band transponder (KaT) for precise range-rate measurements accurate to 0.017 mm/s with a 60-second integration time and range measurements accurate to the level of a few centimeters.
In this comprehensive study, we scrutinize the performance of the 3GM experiment specifically at Ganymede under different mission scenarios. The baseline configuration involves an 8-hour tracking pass per day during the 4-month Ganymede Circular Orbit at 500 kilometers of altitude (GCO-500). To deepen our understanding, we explore various simulation scenarios, including the GCO-200 phase and GCO-100 phase. In particular, we investigate the outcome of the experiment under different durations of the circular phases at different altitudes. 
To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these diverse approaches in retrieving Ganymede's gravity field and rotational state, we employ thorough numerical simulations. Our results highlight the strengths and limitations of each scenario, providing valuable insights into the most effective strategies to maximize the scientific yield of the 3GM experiment.
Grounding line reconfiguration before and during lake drainage at Subglacial Lake Engelhardt, West Antarctica
Authors: Freer Bryony , Marsh Oliver J. , Fricker Helen Amanda , Hogg Anna E. , Floricioiu Dana , Siegfried Matthew R.
Published: March 2024

Antarctica has an active subglacial hydrological system, with interconnected subglacial lakes fed by subglacial melt water. Subglacial hydrology can influence basal sliding, inject freshwater into the sub ice cavity and impact sediment transport and deposition which can stabilise grounding lines (GL). We use ICESat, ICESat-2 and CryoSat-2 altimetry to document the latest drainage of Subglacial Lake Engelhardt (SLE), which began in July 2021 and discharged >1.2 km3 of subglacial water into the Ross Ice Shelf cavity. We use RADARSAT-2 and TerraSAR-X interferometry to show the GL has retreated by 13 km downstream of the lake since the previous drainage in 2003-06. We evaluate the mechanism triggering SLE drainage, the cause of the observed GL retreat, and the interplay between subglacial hydrology and GL dynamics, including the growth of a grounded promontory protruding >27 km seaward from the GL.
Assessing the biological quality of freshwater bodies with machine learning technique
Authors: Di Fluri Paola , Capitani Giacomo , Di Talia Valentina , Antonioni Giacomo , Domeneghetti Alessio
Published: March 2024

The deterioration of superficial water quality is a relevant issue worldwide and most European rivers do not achieve the qualitative standards required by the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Furthermore, the ecological status is defined referring to surveyed data, which is available only along main watercourses and often appears erratic in time and space. Given the goals of the WFD, a short-cut methodology to perform the assessment of water pressures on rivers starting from easily accessible data is proposed. The methodology relies on machine learning techniques and implements a procedure to: (1) identify river segment exposed to pollution spills with a raster-based numerical model; (2) introduce and estimate the spatial allocation of a Biochemical Quality Index (BQI) for each exposed river segment. The study proposes a predictive tool to assess the water quality status using a machine learning algorithm trained starting from easily available input data, such as climatic and hydrological variables, anthropic pressures, water management techniques. In this prospective, the BQI is used as a reliable proxy variable to represent the anthropogenic pressures that impacts on superficial water bodies. Results show that the BQI is well reflected in the monitoring values of COD, used as proxy variable for the quality status of watercourses. We argue that the methodology can represent a solid tool for decision-making processes and predictive studies in areas with no, or poor, monitoring data.
Virtual field trips for school students and the essence of the outdoor learning environment
Authors: Orion Nir
Published: March 2024

An essential characteristic of Earth Science education is the ability to conduct teaching in various learning environments: the classroom, the laboratory, the outdoors, and the virtual world of computers.
During the last decades of the 20th century, I developed the holistic model connecting outdoor and indoor learning environments. The guiding principle of this model is a gradual progression from the concrete levels of the curriculum towards its more abstract components. In this model, the learning process begins with the "learning instinct stimulation." In this session, students discover what interests them about a particular subject. Depending on the subject and the school's location, this stage occurs in a relevant outdoor environment or a versatile indoor space.
The central role of the outdoor learning environment is to offer direct experience with concrete phenomena and materials. Familiarity with properties and possibilities is the principal outcome — the raw material for forming concepts and posing questions. The outdoor learning environment should address phenomena and processes that cannot be cultivated indoors or virtually.
The educational contribution of 3D to 4D digital outcrop models for virtual "fieldwork" for Earth science school students needs to be explored and reviewed based on the above emotional and cognitive principles. 
Historical Quarries of Sandstones in Barichara and Guasca, Sources of Colombian Heritage Buildings
Authors: Becerra Becerra Javier Eduardo , Freire-Lista David Martín , Ospina Enciso Andrés Felipe
Published: March 2024

Stones were and are important resources to heritage buildings of Colombian villages and cities. Sandstones from the Upper Cretaceous age were, in the Colonial Hispanic Period, crucial building stones in the Eastern Andean region of Colombia. These stones are still important building materials to façades, external and internal walls, and paving, in recent and modern constructions from Bogotá, Tunja and other big Colombian cities. Historical quarries have been identified in localities such Barichara and Guasca, where the quarrying activity was extensive in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This work details the geological features and the history of sandstone quarries in both places. The first aim of this work is to revive the historical sandstones quarries used in the construction of most important monuments and historical places of cities like Barichara, Bogotá and Tunja. The second aim is to promote the knowledge and sustainable conservation of historical quarries from Barichara and Guasca like cultural heritage to Colombia. Thus, it will enable the economic development of local communities using built heritage linked to heritage stones. The quarries of Barichara and Guasca will be the source of sandstones for possible future restorations of historical buildings of the Eastern Andean Region. This extractive activity will ensure the sustainable use of historic quarries and will promote the environmental economics related to geotourism.
Constraining the mass of meteoroids entering the atmosphere
Authors: Anghel Simon , Birlan Mirel , Nedelcu Dan-Alin
Published: March 2024

Cosmic objects, predominantly small meteoroids, frequently interact with Earth's atmosphere, and often go undetected due to their small size. Thus, to better understand the nature of these objects, we need to deploy networks of detectors which track their atmospheric disintegration [1]. This study delves into techniques for measuring the pre-atmospheric mass of meteoroids with known trajectories, some of which were the subject of successful meteorite recovery campaigns. Among the studied methods, we found that the radiated light of the meteoroid disintegration is the most reliable method of estimating its kinetic energy and pre-atmospheric mass [2]. This relation in combination with currently expanding fireball networks [3] can be used to calibrate other methods of estimating the objects mass (e.g. radio, infrasound). Ultimately, by constraining the size and frequency of small meteoroids, we can make inferences about the formation, evolution, and distribution of small objects and debris in the Solar System. References:[1] Colas F. et al. (2020) Astronomy & Astrophysics 644:A53.  [2] Anghel S. et al. (2021) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 508:571. [3] Vida D. et al. (2021) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 506:5046. 
Fluorescence indices of organic matter in groundwater and other aquatic environments : proposal for improvement
Authors: Serène Leïla , Mazzilli Naomi , Batiot-Guilhe Christelle , Emblanch Christophe , Babic Milanka , Dupont Julien , Simler Roland , Blanc Matthieu , Massonnat Gérard
Published: March 2024

Fluorescence indices are particularly well adapted to characterize dissolved organic matter. In environmental studies, the three most often used fluorescence indices are the Fluorescence index (FI), the Humification index (HIX) and the Biological index (BIX). They are based on ratios of specific emission intensities to excitation wavelengths from 2D spectra that are assumed to correspond to specific families of organic compounds. Three main remarks can be made regarding the use of these indices. First, they are often applied in aquatic environments different from those where they were developed. However, the specific emission wavelengths used to calculate fluorescence indices are based on the location of the maximal intensity of fluorescent compounds families which is likely to be blue-shifted (shifted towards shorter emission wavelength) along the water cycle (from soil, surface, ground, to marine waters). Second, they are defined based on 2D spectras, while excitation-emission matrices (EEM - 3D matrices) are becoming more widespread and allow, thanks to PARAFAC modeling, the identification of specific maximal fluorescence intensities related to fluorescent compounds families. EEM may thus have the potential to better assess the relative concentrations of organic matter compounds families, and thus the ratios between these compounds. Third, these indices were developed based on a conceptual model of organic matter decomposition, which has now been reconsidered. The present study addresses the above-mentioned methodological issues. A list of points to pay particular attention to when calculating fluorescence indices is proposed, highlighting the need for knowledge of fluorescent compounds sources in the water samples studied. We propose to update fluorescence indices calculation by identifying specific ranges of excitation and emission wavelengths for each aquatic environment (freshwaters, soil and marine waters), or using fluorescence indices derived from PARAFAC components. The results of this study warn against unsupervised calculation and interpretation of most usual fluorescence indices. It also greatly encourages the rethinking of fluorescence indices, particularly by considering the PARAFAC components loadings or weights instead of peaks.
Generating an ensemble of hourly renewable energy from a suite of daily weather parameters sets for energy system modelling: a two-step modelling approach
Authors: Vakilifard Negar , Rougé Charles
Published: March 2024

Sophisticated modelling of renewable energy (RE) production at a hourly time step is starting to produce valuable multi-decadal time series for the evaluation of capacity factors for specific climate time series and RE deployment scenarios. This enables an adequate representation of the variability in future energy generation in scenarios with large shares of RE into the electricity grid. Our work proposes a data-driven approach to extrapolate the relationships between weather and hourly RE capacity factors (CFs) observed in existing datasets to other climate conditions and RE deployment scenarios. In particular, many climate ensembles used by other sectors (food, water, etc.) have a daily time resolution, so how do we project plausible hourly CF time series to these ensembles for multi-sector studies?
We describe a data-driven model generating hourly RE CFs for climate ensembles containing daily weather parameters time series (called the candidate ensembles thereafter), based on the observed correlation between hourly wind speed, solar irradiance (and other relevant variables) and corresponding wind and solar CFs in an existing dataset (called the validated dataset thereafter). We use a two-step approach. First, we use daily aggregated values of weather variables and RE CFs from the validated dataset to generate daily RE CF time series in the candidate ensembles. Second, we disaggregate the daily RE CFs data to hourly time resolution using the hourly patterns observed in the validated dataset. 
To validate our approach, we use several different splits of the historical time series in the validated dataset into two separate datasets used for training and validating the model. For each validation dataset, we construct hourly CF time series from daily aggregated weather data, and we verify that the hourly RE CFs generated by the model statistically agree with the validated hourly RE CFs time series.
We illustrate our approach with a validated dataset of Great Britain's (GB) historical weather and CF time series, and a 100-member ensemble of future daily weather parameters (weather@home2 (W@H2)) as the candidate dataset. This leads to the production of an ensemble of hourly-resolved RE CFs for two periods of 2023 to 2049 (near future) and 2070 to 2099 (far future). The approach can be used to represent the variability in energy generation for any climate ensembles, and could be applied for energy system modelling in industry and academic research.
Impact of Hunga-Tonga on Antarctic Stratospheric Aerosols and Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Authors: Pitts Michael , Poole Lamont
Published: March 2024

The explosive January 2022 Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption injected plumes of SO2 and H2O well into the stratosphere.  Although the amount of injected SO2 was modest, the amount of H2O reaching the stratosphere was unprecedented with the potential to significantly impact radiative and chemical processes for an extended period.  We utilize observations from the CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) lidar on the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite and the MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) on the Aura satellite to investigate the impact of the Hunga-Tonga volcanic sulfate aerosol and H2O enhancements on polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) processes in the Antarctic.  The CALIOP observations provide information on particulate aerosol/PSC morphology and composition in unprecedented detail, while the MLS is providing complementary measurements of gas-phase HNO3 and H2O, the major constituents of all PSC particles. The combined analyses of these datasets have enabled better PSC composition discrimination and provide valuable new insight into processes such as PSC-catalyzed chlorine activation and PSC particle growth kinetics.  The more than 17 years of CALIOP and MLS measurements have uniquely captured the primary aspects of the seasonal and multi-year variability of PSCs in the Arctic and Antarctic, enabling the development of a state-of-the-art reference PSC data record and climatology. In this paper, we first examine the initial transport of the Hunga-Tonga volcanic sulfate aerosol and water vapor enhancements to the polar latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during the 2022 austral fall and winter and investigate their potential effect on PSC processes during the 2022 Antarctic winter.  We then examine the impact of the persistent stratospheric H2O enhancements from Hunga-Tonga on PSCs during the early part of the 2023 Antarctic winter.  To put the Hunga-Tonga volcanic aerosol enhancement over Antarctica in perspective, we also compare its characteristics with two previous events during the CALIPSO era where volcanic aerosols clearly produced a significant enhancement in the Antarctic winter/spring stratosphere: Puyehue-Cordón Caulle (2011) and Calbuco (2015).
The spatiotemporal variability and driving mechanisms of the Intertropical Convergence Zone at centennial-millennial time scales since the Last Glacial
Authors: Huang Peng
Published: March 2024

As the most important rainfall belt in the world, the change of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) directly affects the distribution of rainfall between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and impacts the livelihood of nearly one-third of the global population. Therefore, identifying the spatiotemporal variability of the ITCZ during the geological past is of great significance for understanding future climate change and preventing natural disasters.
Understanding the evolution mechanism of the ITCZ is essential for a more accurate prediction of its future changes. The abundance of paleoclimate records and numerical simulations in the Last Glacial and the Holocene renders this period of time optimal for comprehensive multi-proxy comparisons, thereby aiding our understanding of the behavior and impacts of the past ITCZ. The mainstream view is that the changes in the intensity of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) affect the energy balance and temperature gradient between Hemispheres, leading to the ITCZ moving towards the warmer Hemisphere, thereby altering the climate between the Hemispheres.
However, research on the changes in the past ITCZ has mostly focused on the Northern Hemisphere, which likely arises from the large continental exposure and the resultant abundance of summer monsoon rainfall records in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, the relatively smaller land exposure in the Southern Hemisphere leads to poorly preserved summer monsoon rainfall records, especially in northwestern Australia at the southernmost edge of the ITCZ. This directly restricts our in-depth understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of the ITCZ in the geological past, especially the climate response mechanisms between the Hemispheres. Thus, there is an urgent need for new high-resolution records in the Southern Hemisphere to constrain the positional changes of the ITCZ and its related monsoon rainfall.
In this study, we use the high-resolution sediment core SO257-18567 retrieved by R/V Sonne Cruise 257 offshore northwestern Australia as research material. Through analysis of clay minerals, grain size, elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry, we reconstruct the high-resolution summer monsoon rainfall history at the southern edge of the ITCZ since the Last Glacial. We then compared with monsoonal rainfall records in the Northern Hemisphere and integrated other high- and low-latitude paleoclimate reconstructions including the TraCE-21ka model results, eustatic sea-level changes and proxies for the strengths of AMOC and Indonesian Throughflow, thereby exploring the spatiotemporal variability and driving mechanisms of the ITCZ on millennial time scales.
A global H2 monitoring network for the energy transition
Authors: Stroo Firmin , Peters Wouter , Westra Iris , Meijer Harro
Published: March 2024

During the energy transition, hydrogen (H2) is expected to become an increasingly important energy carrier. This will likely cause increased levels of atmospheric H2, due to unavoidable losses during the production, transport, storage, and usage of hydrogen. Multiple studies have shown that through interaction with the hydroxyl radical, global tropospheric and stratospheric composition could be impacted. To understand, attribute, and possibly mitigate such impacts a solid global H2 monitoring network is needed. In this study, we evaluate the monitoring capacity of the current global H2 observation network using simulations with the TM5 chemistry-transport model. We implemented ‘tagged’ tracers to attribute H2 increments to various sources for different leakage rates, in different geographical regions, and in different parts of the H2 value chain (transport, production, transfer, etc.). From this, we try to design an extended H2 observation network needed to monitor future changes in the behaviour of H2 sources and sinks. Finally, we are working to implement the hydrogen isotope Deuterium (HD) into our TM5 model. We aim to assess what HD monitoring network is required to perform source attribution according to hydrogen production method, given the expected varying discrimination against the heavier HD isotope of green, blue, and grey hydrogen production.
Wave-particle interaction acceleration of proton and 3He/4He ions in impulsive flares with fractal turbulence reconnection model via 3D RHPIC-LBM simulations
Authors: Zhu Bojing
Published: March 2024

The high-energy solar energetic particles (SEPs) are the fundamental reason for SEPs-induced space weather disasters, especially for the GeV level flare/CME cases.  However, due to the complex acceleration process (e.g., different species, different abundances, different isotopes, and different ionization), the acceleration mechanism and source & origin are still an open, challenging topic.  Based on the statistical plasma treatment, this work investigates the wave-particle interaction acceleration mechanism on the supercomputer platform (e.g., Tianhe-series Homogeneous CPU and heterogeneous CPU-GPU systems) with relativistic hybrid particle-in-cell & lattice-boltzmann (RHPIC-LBM) code. The results show that wave-particle-interaction acceleration is a new independent turbulence acceleration mechanism that is different from the present turbulence acceleration mechanism (shock wave acceleration including 1st and 2nd fermi acceleration) and more efficient in high-energy level (e.g., ~ GeV level) that shock wave acceleration mechanism.
Reference:
Whitman, K., et al., Review of solar energetic particle models, Advances in Space Research. 2022. 10.1016/j.asr.2022.08.006.
Reames, D.V., Sixty years of element abundance measurements in solar energetic particles, Space Science Reviews. 2021. 10.1007/s11214-021-00845-4.
Reames, D.V., Solar energetic particles: Spatial extent and implications of the H and He abundances, Space Science Reviews.2022. 10.1007/s11214-022-00917-z.
Reames, D.V., A perspective on solar energetic particles. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. 2022. 10.3389/fspas.2022.890864.
Zhu,B.J., et al., Relativistic HPIC-LBM and its application in large temporal-spatial turbulent magnetic reconnection.
Part I. model development and validation.Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2020.10.1016/j.apm.2019.09.043.
Zhu,B.J., et al., Relativistic HPIC-LBM and its application in large temporal-spatial turbulent magnetic reconnection.
Part II. Role of turbulence in the flux rope interaction.Applied Mathematical Modelling.2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2019.05.027.
Zhu, B.J., et al., Software development of GeV-level-SEPs-induced extreme space weather disasters with plasma statistical physics theoretical model on domestic DCU accelerator heterogeneous supercomputer. Progress Report on China Nuclear Science &Technology: Computational Physics (Vol.8). 2024. 1-40.
Loess landslides triggered by diversion irrigation on the South Jingyang Platform in China
Authors: Ma Penghui , Li Zekun
Published: March 2024

Continuous use of diversion irrigation has been associated with an increase in the frequency of loess landslides on the South Jingyang Platform in China. These landslides were classified into three types: loess flowslides, loess slides, and loess falls. Geological investigations revealed that cracks penetrated into the saturated zone from the ground surface. These cracks played a dominant role in the infiltration of surface water and led to a rise in the groundwater table. When the infiltration recharge exceeds the holding capacity of the paleosol, the latter behaves as aquifuge under relatively undrained conditions. This results in the accumulation of water at the bottom of the loess layer, thereby contributing to soil liquefaction and landslide initiation. Causing flowslides characterized by high speed and long distance. After the first flowslide occurs in an area, the seepage field and stress field of the slopes surrounding the flowslide changes, resulting in a decrease in slope stability. This, in turn, leads to the occurrence of retrograde loess slides in the same position that early flowslides occurred. These failures lead to a evolution of the platform. Besides, these landslides exhibit strong interactions with the substrates of the terrace of the Jing River during their movement. Shear liquefaction occurs in the terrace sand layers, resulting in the liquefied sand layer flows in a non-uniform and irregular manner. This leads to the formation of a thrust nappe structure over a long distance at the distal part of the deposits. 
Unravelling Inter-slab Interactions in Double Subduction Systems: Insights from Dynamic Models
Authors: Mukherjee Gouri Sankar , Roy Arnab , Mandal Nibir
Published: March 2024

Subduction zones play a pivotal role in controlling Earth’s plate tectonics. Natural subduction processes are commonly modelled as a two-plate system, where the denser subducting plate sinks against the lighter overriding plate. However, many subduction systems are architecturally complex due to participation of multiple plates. Double subduction is a type of such complex systems in which two plates subduct simultaneously to accommodate the overall convergent movements. Despite significant advancement in modelling techniques and geophysical observations, the evolution of double subduction remains poorly understood, in particular, its dynamics, in terms of the physical factors controlling its initiation, evolution, and stability. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study uses scaled analogue modelling approach to simulate the dynamic initiation of in-dip double subduction systems, allowing two slabs to subduct opposite to each other with a common overriding plate. Subsequently, employing Particle Image Velocimetry, we capture the critical facets of evolving double subduction systems and its influence on inter-slab interaction, stress transfer in the lithosphere and convective behaviour of the asthenospheric mantle beneath these zones. Complementing our analogue experiments, we conducted numerical simulations on simplified double subduction setups to validate our experimental findings. Findings from both analogue and numerical models unveil pivotal relationships between competing movements of subducting slabs within in-dip double subduction systems and resultant mantle flow patterns. Finally, we compare our model findings with natural double subduction settings. 
 
Keywords: Convergent plate tectonics, double subduction systems, dynamic subduction modelling, Analogue experiments, Finite-element-modeling.
On the Conservation of Spectral Properties across Interplanetary Shocks in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Park Byeongseon , Pitňa Alexander , Safrankova Jana , Nemecek Zdenek , Kruparova Oksana , Krupar Vratislav
Published: March 2024

The spectral properties of interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations across different types of interplanetary (IP) shocks at 1 AU found to be almost conserved in the previous study (Park et al., 2023). Nevertheless, the spectral slope in the transition range obtained for fast reverse (FR) shocks exhibits strong flattening across the shock, which leads to less conclusive results with our limited dataset. We enlarge our dataset using PSP, Solar Orbiter, ACE, DSCOVR, STEREO and Wind, and compare fast forward (FF) and FR shocks. Furthermore, we analyze 2-year, 3-year, 12-year pristine solar wind data from Solar Orbiter, PSP, and Wind, respectively, in order to determine the relation between various plasma parameters and energy dissipating mechanisms. Once this relation is applied to IP shocks, the re-scaling of the characteristic ion lengths can be considered in the downstream. We focus predominantly on (i) the FR shocks due to their specific sources and shapes and (ii) on evolution of all shock types in the heliosphere.
Evidentiary Value Index (EVI) of physical evidences for environmental prosecutions
Authors: Mohan Prem , Gopalakrishnan Bindu , Kushe Shekhar Shabna , Valsan Aswathy
Published: March 2024

Reliable physical evidence leading to the perpetrator is at the heart of forensic investigation of a crime. This is true for environmental forensic investigations also where the subject matter of investigation is environmental offence. However, when it comes to environmental forensic investigation, there are specific challenges that are not encountered in the investigation of traditional crimes. The complex environmental processes that govern the occurrence, distribution and transformation of physical evidences pose severe limitation on their acceptability in court. This arise partly from the lack of training of the judicial officers in understanding and appreciating the complex scientific phenomena behind these processes. This situation demands, simple, easy to use, and scientifically tested tools that aggregate the evidentiary value of the physical evidences collected from a polluted environment. Evidentiary Value Index (EVI), is one such tool that we propose in this study for easy understanding and interpretation of environmental offences.  EVI is a number (ranging 1-100) obtained for a particular pollutant observed at a contaminated site that quantifies the ability of the pollutant to uniquely point to the source of pollutions. The factors that decide the magnitude of the index are the number of possible sources of the pollutant, its chemical characteristics and toxicity, its spatio-temporal distribution, etc.. A magnitude of 100 indicates very strong evidentiary value and 1 indicates no evidentiary value. In this study use of the index is demonstrated for air pollution case. The heavy metals (the physical evidence) observed in the particulate matter (PM) sampled from the site were evaluated to assign EVI. For the particular case of fireworks related emissions, high EVI values were obtained for the metals As, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Li, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, V and Zn. The example demonstrated that the EVI presents a reliable tool to assign evidentiary value to the physical evidences collected from a pollution scene in the process of identifying the source of pollution.