bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
إدارة الدعوى والطرق البديلة لحل النزاعات في الشريعة والقان ون
Authors: Alsuwaidi Abdulrahman Ahmed , Rosman Arieff Salleh
Published: January 2022

The case management system is an innovative system in the national legislations, it was created because of the slow judiciary procedures and the accumulated cases in the courts. It is also an attempt to settle the juristic dispute before resorting to the jurisdiction. This study aims to identify the alternative methods of disputes settlement in the Islamic sharia; reconciliation, mediation, adjudication. It also sheds a light on the case management system in modern judicial systems and its practical implementations through the comparative study, the demonstration of its goals and its date of inception, the evaluation of the system through the illustration of the advantages and disadvantages, the identification of the main obstacles it encounters, and the Comparison between the case management system in the law and the alternative systems to settle disputes in the Islamic sharia in order to reach conclusions and recommendations by following the scientific methodology of the study using a descriptive, analytical, historical and comparative method. The most important recommendations of the study; first, the need to implement the rules of Islam in the jurisdiction. Second, the need to expand the power of those involved in the a case management system by enabling them to settle disputes in a final manner. Third, the need to pass a special and independent law that organizes the offices of the a case management and clarifies the duties and powers of those who are responsible.
يعتبر نظام إدارة الدعوى القضائية نظاما مستحدث ا في التشريعات الوطنية، أوجدته الحاجة بسبب بطء إجراءات التقاضي وتكدس الدعاوى القضائية في المحاكم، ومحاولةً لحل النزاع القانوني قبل اللجوء إلى القضاء، كما وتهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف على الطرق البديلة لحل النزاعات في الشريعة الإسلامية وهي الصلح والوساطة والتحكيم، وتسليط الضوء على نظام إدارة الدعوى في الأنظمة القضائية الحديةة، والتطبيقات العملية له من خلال الدراسة المقارنة، وبيان أهدافه، وتاريخ نشأته، وتقييم النظام من خلال بيان المزايا والعيوب، وتحديد أهم المعوقات الي تواجهه، ومقارنة نظام إدارة الدعوى في القانون، بالأنظمة البديلة لحل النزاعات في الشريعة الإسلامية، وذلك بهدف الوصول إلى النتائج والتوصيات، من خلال إتباع منهجية علمية باستخدام المنهج الوصيي التحليلي، والتاريخي، والمقارن. ومن أهم التوصيات الي خلصت إليها الدراسة أولاً: ضرورة إعمال أحكام الإسلام في القضاء. ثانيا:ً العمل على توسيع صلاحيات القائمين على نظام إدارة الدعوى، وذلك من خلال تمكينهم من اليصل في المنازعات بشكل نهائي. ثالةاً: ضرورة تنظيم قانون خاص ومستقل ينظم عمل مكاتب إدارة الدعوى، ويوضح فيه مهام وصلاحيات القائمين عليه
Konsep firasat menurut al-Quran: analisis tematik wacana mufasirin
Authors: Usman Abur Hamdi , Ahmad Hafiz
Published: January 2022

The Quran is the holy words of Allah which contains guidance and reveals the solutions to various problems of humans. Nowadays, ideological disorder have attacked the minds of the Muslims, especially in the clairvoyance (firasat) matter. A misunderstanding of this concept could cause damage in pure faith and violating the harmony of interaction within the Islamic community. Hence, this article deals on the views of Quranic Exegetes and its implications for the wrong understanding of this concept. By adopting qualitative method, this study found several verses in the Quran that discuss on clairvoyance either directly or indirectly. Mostly explain that the real clairvoyance reflects on Muslim who believes in Allah with complete faith. In fact, the believer’s clairvoyance consist of warning from Allah to His servants.
ABSTRAK
Al-Quran merupakan kalam suci Allah SWT yang mengandungi petunjuk dan mengungkapkan solusi terhadap pelbagai perkara yang membelenggu minda manusia. Dewasa ini, kecelaruan fahaman dan ideologi telah menyerang pemikiran masyarakat Islam terutamanya berkaitan firasat. Kesalahfahaman mengenai konsep ini boleh menyebabkan berlakunya kerosakan akidah dalam diri seorang Muslim serta mencabul keharmonian interaksi dalam masyarakat Islam. Rentetan itu, ruang lingkup perbahasan dalam artikel ini meliputi pandangan mufasirin berkaitan firasat dan implikasi terhadap kefahaman yang salah terhadap konsep ini. Menerusi metode kajian kualitatif, kajian ini mendapati beberapa ayat dalam al-Quran yang membincangkan tentang firasat sama ada secara langsung mahupun tidak langsung. Kebanyakannya menjelaskan bahawa firasat yang sebenar hanyalah terdapat pada diri seorang hamba yang beriman kepada Allah SWT dengan keimanan yang paripurna. Malahan firasat mukmin itu mengandungi peringatan daripada Allah SWT kepada hambanya.a
Faktor penglibatan remaja dalam salah laku seksual: kajian terhadap remaja hamil luar nikah di Pusat Pemulihan Akhlak negeri Selangor
Authors: Abd. Majid Mariam , Azman Nurul Zafirah , Mohd Yani Nurul Izzah
Published: January 2022

Generasi remaja pada hari ini merupakan modal insan negara pada masa akan datang. Peranan mencorak kepimpinan dan pembangunan negara pada masa hadapan bakal dilaksanakan oleh mereka. Namun, pendedahan berita pelbagai isu berkaitan keterlibatan remaja dalam gejala sosial yang berlaku dalam negara mencetus keadaan yang sangat membimbangkan antaranya peningkatan kes hamil tanpa nikah golongan remaja. Statistik Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia mencatatkan sebanyak 79,302 kes remaja bawah 18 tahun hamil tanpa nikah dalam tempoh lima (5) tahun iaitu bermula dari tahun 2012-2016. Artikel ini bertujuan mengemukakan faktor-faktor penglibatan remaja dalam salah laku seksual sehingga hamil tanpa nikah. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian kes. Data kajian diperolehi menerusi kaedah temubual separa struktur terhadap seorang pentadbir, seorang warden di Pusat Pemulihan Akhlak di Negeri Selangor serta empat orang remaja yang hamil tanpa nikah. Kesemua informen kajian dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan bertujuan. Transkripsi temubual dianalisis untuk pembentukan tema dan sub tema. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa antara faktor penglibatan remaja dalam salah laku seksual ialah kerana percintaan dan kerelaan sendiri, mangsa rogol, menonton video dan filem porno, kelemahan institusi keluarga, konflik dalam keluarga, kejahilan dan pengabaian amalan beragama, pengaruh rakan sebaya, pengambilan pil khayal dan penglibatan dalam perlumbaan haram. Diharapkan dapatan ini dapat membantu semua pihak dalam usaha membendung gejala ini daripada terus meningkat.
Pelaksanaan Kursus Pra-Perkahwinan Islam Untuk Golongan OKU Pendengaran di Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Kusrin Zuliza , Sha’ari Nur Syaidatul Akmar
Published: January 2022

Kursus pra-perkahwinan adalah antara keperluan dalam prosedur permohonan kebenaran berkahwin yang perlu dipenuhi oleh bakal pengantin Muslim di Malaysia. Kepentingan kursus tersebut ialah memberi pengetahuan awal berkenaan alam perkahwinan kepada bakal pengantin. Namun, golongan OKU Pendengaran dikecualikan daripada mengikuti kursus berkenaan kerana tiada kursus khusus yang dikendalikan oleh jabatan agama Islam negeri untuk mereka. Oleh itu, sebahagian daripada mereka mengikuti kursus pra perkahwinan golongan tipikal. Objektif artikel adalah mengkaji pelaksanaan kursus semasa yang juga melibatkan penyertaan OKU pendengaran, mengkaji cabaran OKU pendengaran dan jurubahasa isyarat semasa mengendalikan kursus tersebut. Metodologi kajian ialah kualitatif dan temubual semi berstruktur yang dilaksanakan bersama pegawai-pegawai jabatan agama Islam negeri dan jurubahasa isyarat yang terlibat dalam kursus tersebut. Data terkumpul dianalisis secara diskriptif dan tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati kurang penganjur.an kursus pra perkahwinan Islam khusus untuk golongan OKU pendengaran, metod penyampaian ceramah berdasarkan kaedah golongan tipikal dan kesukaran jurubahasa menyampaikan semula isi kandungan ceramah. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan kepentingan untuk menganjurkan kursus pra-perkahwinan Muslim khusus untuk OKU pendengaran, untuk memberi mereka peluang memahami ilmu pra-perkahwinan, seperti individu tipikal juga.
ABSTRACT
The Islamic Pre-Marriage Course is among the requirements in marriage application procedures that must be fulfilled by Muslim bride-to-be in Malaysia. The important of this course is to provide basic knowledge of life for bride and groom-to-be. However, the deaf  group are excluded from attending this course as there is no special course conducted for them, by the state of Islamic department. Thus, some of them attended the pre-marriage course organised for typical group.The objective of this article is to study the implementation of  the current pre-marriage course that also involves participation of deaf person, challenges encountered by the deaft person and the sign language interpreters while conducting the course session.The research methodology is of a qualitative one and semi-structural interviews were conducted with the Islamic religious department officers and sign language interpreters whom are involved in the pre-marriage course. Data gathered are anaylysed descriptively and thematically. The research outcomes discovers that lack of specific organization of Islamic pre-marriage course for deaf person, methodology of delivering lectures is based on typical group method and difficulties of delivering the content of the lecture encounter by the sign language interpreter while conveying talks to the deaf person. The implication of the discussion shows the important of organising Islamic pre-mariral course for the deft group, in order to give them opportunity to understand the pre-marriage knowledge as enjoyed by typical man.
Maqam Sabar dalam Psikoterapi Pemulihan Pedofilia: Kajian Terhadap Qūt al-Qulūb Syeikh Abū Ṭālib Al-Makkī (W. 996 M)
Authors: Usman Abur Hamdi , Wazir Rosni , Shaharuddin Syarul Azman , Mohd Salleh Norsaleha , Nasir Mohd Norzi , Shahabudin Muhammad Fakhrur Razi
Published: January 2022

Sheikh Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī was a scholar of Sufism respected in the Islamic world. His work, Qūt al-Qulūb, is a major source of reference to sages of the past and present. Many Islamic scholars use Maqamāt al-Aḥwāl's theory as a module and rehabilitation guideline for a number of diseases that affect the human soul. Paedophilia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorder (DSM-5) falls into a category of mental disorders, with some experts considering paedophiles as being mentally insane. In this regard, the main objective of this study was to analyse the implementation of maqām al-ṣabr (stage of patience), according to al-Makkī, as a concept of paedophilia rehabilitation psychotherapy. Using qualitative methods, this study found maqām al-ṣabr to be a crucial element in the recovery from paedophilia. Therefore, this article hopes to integrate the elements of patiencee stage with rehabilitation psychotherapy to develop one of the best treatment modules in the rehabilitation of paedophilia in Malaysia.  
ABSTRAK:
Syeikh Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī merupakan ulama tasawuf yang disegani dunia Islam, malah karyanya Qūt al-Qulūb menjadi sumber utama golongan sufi mutaqaddimīn dan muta’akhkhirīn. Sebahagian besar sarjana Islam menggunakan teori maqamat al-Ahwal sebagai modul dan rehab untuk beberapa penyakit melibatkan kejiwaan manusia. Pedofilia pula menurut Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorder (DSM-5) termasuk dalam kategori gangguan mental, malah sebahagian pakar menganggap pedofil sebagai orang gila. Sehubungan dengan itu, objektif utama kajian ini untuk menganalisis implementasi maqam sabar menurut al-Makkī sebagai konsep psikoterapi pemulihan pedofilia. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, kajian ini mendapati maqam sabar antara elemen penting dalam pemulihan pedofilia. Justeru artikel ini diharap dapat menyatupadukan elemen maqam sabar dan psikoterapi pemulihan, sekali gus menjadi satu modul rawatan yang terbaik dalam pemulihan ketagihan seksual golongan pedofilia di Malaysia.
Analisis tujuan amr berkaitan makanan halal dalam surah al-Baqarah
Authors: Rifain Syakirah Bt Rifa'in@Mohd , Pa Mat Taib
Published: January 2022

Adakah semua ayat amr mempunyai makna haqīqī dan majāzī dalam surah al-Baqarah? Kajian ini membincangkan mengenai tujuan lafaz amr dalam surah al-Baqarah. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti bentuk dan tujuan amr (perintah) bagi konteks makanan halal dalam surah al-Baqarah. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan teknik analisis teks Kuckartz (2014) berdasarkan konteks ayat dengan menggunakan tafsir-tafsir yang berkaitan dari ulama silam dan moden. Penulis menggunakan teori utama, iaitu Teori ‘Abbās (1997). Kajian mendapati bahawa secara keseluruhannya terdapat lima ayat berkaitan makanan halal dalam surah al-Baqarah yang menggunakan satu bentuk amr, iaitu fi‘l amr. Bagi tujuan amr pula terdapat tiga tujuan iaitu wajib, ibāḥat (harus) dan al-qudrat (kekuasaan). Tujuan amr yang paling banyak digunakan ialah ibāḥat, iaitu sebanyak lima (5) kali, diikuti wajib sebanyak empat (4) kali dan al-qudrat satu (1) kali. Kesimpulannya, jelas menunjukkan bahawa ayat-ayat amr bagi konteks makanan halal mempunyai makna haqīqī dan majāzī dalam surah al-Baqarah.
al-Falāḥ in productive endowments: case study in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Patahuddin Askar , Iskandar Azwar , Dunia Jujuri Perdamaian , Hussin Md Noor , Abdullah Mohd Farid Ravi
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the management mechanism of productive waqf based on jurisprudence, Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), and Law Number 4 of 2004 regarding waqf. In addition, this study also aims to reveal the form of welfare distribution (al-falāḥ) channeled from various productive waqf programs. The type of research is qualitative research with a socio-historical approach. The study uses primary and secondary data from the Indonesian National Charity Foundation (YAKIN) in South Sulawesi. The results of this study show that productive waqf management has been managed based on a system of collaboration between YAKIN and Nāẓir who experienced and the development of each program model. Managed productive waqf are divided into two forms, namely “waqf khairy” in the form of education programs and cash waqf in the form of rice management programs, business assistance, and capital investment. The cash waqf collection system is carried out by fundraising through family, workmates, and social media networks. The review of jurisprudence on productive waqf is in accordance with the corridors of the sharī‘ah and compilation of Islamic law, but in the implementation of the Law Number 4 of 2004 regarding waqf, it does not fulfill the requirements of the cash waqf pledge. This research also reveals that the distribution classification of al-falāḥ for productive waqf includes socio-religious aspects in the form of school fees, mosque establishment and the cultivation of Islamic values.
Aplikasi al-Taḥammul wa al-Adā’ dalam kalangan qurrā’ dan kepentingannya
Authors: Mohamad Mohamad Redha , Ramli Farhah Zaidar , Alias Norazman
Published: January 2022

Al-Quran merupakan sumber rujukan utama bagi umat Islam dalam menjalani kehidupan seharian. Ia merupakan kitab suci yang sentiasa dibaca, diamalkan dan diwarisi zaman-berzaman. Umat Islam mempelajari al-Quran dengan bimbingan guru bagi memperolehi dan mendapatkan cara bacaan yang sahih. Umum mengetahui al-Quran diwariskan kepada setiap generasi dengan kaedah mengambil bacaan dari guru, iaitu talaqqī (bertemu) secara mushāfaḥah (bacaan mulut ke mulut). Namun masyarakat masih kurang jelas dan tidak mengetahui konsep al-Taḥammul wa al-Adā’ (penerimaan dan pengamalan) dalam periwayatan bacaan al-Quran. Al-Taḥammul merupakan proses penerimaan dan pengambilan sesuatu ilmu, manakala al-Adā’ pula merupakan proses pengamalan sesuatu ilmu. Justeru, artikel ini akan membahaskan aplikasi al-Taḥammul wa al-Adā’ dalam kalangan qurrā’ (perawi bacaan al-Quran) dan kepentingannya. Data-data kajian dikumpul secara analisis dokumen kepustakaan, manakala metode analisis data pula dilakukan secara deskriptif. Dapatan menunjukkan terdapat beberapa kepentingan aplikasi al-Taḥammul wa al-Adā’, iaitu memastikan persambungan sanad, mengelakkan tadlīs atau penyelewengan sanad serta bagi tujuan rekod dan rujukan. Implikasi daripada dapatan kajian adalah mustahak untuk mendidik masyarakat mengetahui dan memahami ilmu al-Taḥammul wa al-Adā’ dalam periwayatan bacaan al-Quran.
Asas-asas hubungan kemasyarakatan antara agama dalam perspektif Islam dan Kristian
Authors: Mat Nor Mirzatul Aqilah , Mohamad Ramli Yusri
Published: January 2022

Kepelbagaian agama adalah satu keunikan dalam masyarakat. Setiap negara mahukan keamanan dan keharmonian dalam kehidupan masyarakatnya, khususnya negara yang memiliki masyarakat yang terdiri daripada pelbagai agama dan bangsa. Keharmonian adalah salah satu faktor utama dalam kemajuan sesebuah negara. Namun, hubungan kemasyarakatan antara agama memerlukan satu asas yang jitu agar dapat menjadi panduan kepada semua lapisan masyarakat dalam membentuk hubungan sosial yang harmoni. Justeru, penjelasan berkaitan asas-asas hubungan kemasyarakatan dari sudut keagamaan diperlukan, agar dapat memberikan kefahaman yang lebih baik kepada setiap penganut agama masing-masing dan juga untuk memastikan wujudnya perpaduan dalam kehidupan masyarakat yang berbilang agama. Kajian ini merujuk kepada kajian-kajian lepas berkaitan konsep kemasyarakatan dan asas-asas hubungan kemasyarakatan antara agama menurut agama Islam dan Kristian serta faktor-faktor pengabaian asas-asas hubungan kemasyarakatan antara agama. Analisis kajian dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti asas-asas yang telah ditetapkan dalam agama Islam dan Kristian berkaitan hubungan kemasyarakatan antara agama berdasarkan kepada penelitian teks al-Quran dan Bible. Tema asas hubungan kemasyarakatan antara agama yang didapati hasil penemuan dan penjelasan daripada kedua-dua teks al-Quran dan Bible termasuklah berkenal-kenalan dan tolong menolong, hormat menghormati dan juga berbuat kebaikan. Seterusnya, melalui asas-asas ajaran agama ini, setiap agama dilihat memainkan peranan penting dalam menjaga hubungan kemasyarakatan antara agama. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dan segala maklumat dan data diperolehi melalui kajian-kajian lepas dan juga penelitian teks al-Quran dan Bible. Maklumat dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara terperinci untuk mendapatkan kesahihan sumber. Asas-asas hubungan kemasyarakatan antara agama menurut teks agama perlu diketengahkan agar masyarakat dapat memahami bahawa agama Islam dan Kristian tidak menolak hubungan kemasyarakatan antara agama, namun mempunyai batas dan panduan tertentu yang perlu dipatuhi.
Kaedah pengawalan tingkah laku bagi anak mengalami Autisme
Authors: Che Mud Salmihah , Md Sham Fariza , Mohd Ali Manisah
Published: January 2022

Tantrum ialah tingkah laku yang biasa dikaitkan dengan kanak-kanak autisme iaitu mudah menangis, menjerit, mengamuk dan memukul diri sendiri apabila keinginan mereka tidak dipenuhi. Anak mengalami autisme menunjukkan tantrum di tempat awam tanpa perasaan bimbang dan malu. Mereka tidak menyedari tingkah laku mereka kerana kebolehan yang terhad dalam pemikiran, komunikasi dan interaksi sosial. Malangnya dalam hal ini segelintir masyarakat memandang anak mengalami autisme sebagai suatu masalah dan akan memandang serong sehingga membuatkan ibu bapa berasa malu. Akibatnya, anak-anak ini tidak lagi dibawa keluar kerana pandangan negatif masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan menerangkan kaedah mengawal tingkah laku tantrum dalam kalangan anak mengalami autisme. Analisis dokumen merupakan kaedah kajian yang digunakan berdasarkan kajian lepas, jurnal dan buku berkaitan autisme dan tantrum. Artikel ini menekankan empat kaedah pengawalan tingkah laku tantrum iaitu, (i) penggunaan teknik cerita sosial, (ii) penglibatan ibu bapa dalam aktiviti anak-anak, (iii) penekanan terhadap pendidikan al-Quran dan (iv) kaedah pembelajaran mediatif. Ini adalah kaedah yang boleh membantu mengawal emosi anak-anak yang tidak stabil dan tingkah laku tantrum. Semua pihak terutama ibu bapa, guru dan masyarakat perlu memainkan peranan masing-masing bagi memastikan tingkah laku tantrum ini dapat dikawal tanpa mendatangkan kecederaan diri kepada anak mengalami autisme itu sendiri dan orang sekeliling mereka.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DAPAGLIFOZIN AND SAXAGLIPTIN IN TABLETS USING TWO CHEMOMETRIC-ASSISTED UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS
Authors: Sonawane S. S , More S. S , Chhajed S. S. , Kshirsagar S. J. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Adgaon, Nashik - 422 003, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

Two simple, accurate, precise and economical UV spectrophotometric methods, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Principal Component Regression (PCR), were developed for the simultaneous estimation of dapaglifozin (DAPA) and saxagliptin (SAXA) in tablets. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 10 – 50 μg/mL for DAPA and 5 – 25 μg/mL for SAXA. Synthetic mixtures containing two drugs were prepared to build the training set and validation set in the calibration range using D-optimal mixture design in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and were recorded at six wavelengths in the range of 230 – 215 nm at intervals of Δλ = 3 nm. Both methods were validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to the accuracy and precision and found suitable for routine analysis of tablets containing DAPA and SAXA without separation.
ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEOLATA FLOWER AS A NATURAL INDICATOR FOR ACID-BASE TITRATION
Authors: Vambhurkar G , Jagtap A. , Gavade A. , Kengar M , Bhutkar M , Randive D , Bhinge S. ,   Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon - 415 404, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2022

In acid-base titration or acid-base neutralization reaction the change in color due to change pH of the solution is caused due to a third substance which is termed as acid-base indicator or pH indicator. Every indicator shows different range of colors at different pH ranges. Synthetic indicators have been widely employed as indicators in acid-base titrations; however, due to environmental pollution, availability and cost, natural compounds are best alternates. Natural pigments in plants are highly colored substances and may show sharp color changes with variation in pH. In the present study an attempt has been made to extract natural indicator from flower of Aristolochia bracteolate. The equivalence points of the titrations namely strong acid-strong base, strong acid-weak base, weak acid-strong base and weak acid weak base titrations, using flower extract of A. bracteolate were coincident with the equivalence points obtained by the synthetic indicator phenolpthalein. From the results of the study, it may be concluded that ethanolic extract of A. bracteolate flower as an indicator for acid-base titration could be effectively employed as a substitute to the synthetic acid-base indicators.
BINARY COMPLEXES OF GLIMEPIRIDE WITH Β-CYCLODEXTRIN FOR IMPROVED SOLUBILITY AND DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Adhikari L , Semalty M. , Naruka P. S , Aswal V. K , Semalty A ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar - 246 174, Uttrakhand, India
Published: January 2022

Cyclodextrin complexation is a one of the most investigated techniques of solubility and dissolution enhancement of drugs. In the present study, a poorly water soluble drug glimepiride, was complexed with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) with the aim of improving water solubility and drug dissolution. The complexes were prepared using two different methods (solvent evaporation and kneading) and then characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder x-ray diffractometry (X-RD), thermal analysis (DSC),scanning electron microscopy and in-vitro dissolution study. The phase solubility study revealed the most suitable ratio of drug to β CD (1:4 molar ratio). Analysis of various physical and pharmacokinetic parameters for the complex prepared by solvent evaporation method showed better drug content, solubility and drug release profile in comparison to the complex prepared by the kneading method. The complex prepared with solvent evaporation method showed better drug release as compared with that of kneading method and the pure drug. The FT-IR, DSC and X-RD data also confirmed the results. It was concluded that complex prepared with (1:4 drug:βCD molar ratio) using solvent evaporation method showed the better improvement in solubility and drug dissolution.
OPPORTUNITIES IN DOING THE GREATER GOOD: A BIGGER ROLE FOR PHARMA
Authors: Lakshman Jay ,   Director/Global Technical Project Management, Novartis Pharmaceuticals USA.
Published: January 2022

Dear Reader,
While the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry has earned recognition across the globe for cost-effective, high quality pharmaceuticals, controlling the prevalence of even well-treatable diseases in India has not progressed nearly as admirably. A study of the global burden of disease recently published in The Lancet by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington ranked India’s healthcare access and quality (HAQ) at a low 154 among 195 countries. HAQ index for India was 45, worse than Nepal (51), Bangladesh (52) and Sri Lanka (73). For tuberculosis treatment, India scored 26 out of 100, less than Congo (30), Djibouti and Pakistan (29 for both). The HAQ score for neonatal mortality in India was 14 out of 100, worse than Afghanistan (19) or Somalia (21). India’s HAQ scores for chronic kidney diseases and diabetes were 20 (rank 176) and 38 (rank 151), respectively.
FINGER PRINTING ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOLS FROM PERGULARIA DAEMIA FORSK PLANT LEAVES AND STEM USING HPTLC
Authors: Sutar N G ,   Department Of Pharmacognosy, Sanjivani College Of Pharmaceutical Education And Research, Kopargaon, Dist Ahmadnagar - 423 603, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2022

The research study was carried out to identify the phenols from methanol extracts (MPD) of medicinally and efficiently useful leaves and stem of Pergularia daemia (Forsk) plant using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) technique. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done and HPTLC studies were carried out. Densitometry scanning was performed in the reflectance absorbance mode at 540 nm and operated by Win CATS software with the help of tungsten lamp. Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanol extract of P. daemia shows the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols and carbohydrates. HPTLC finger printing of phenols of methanolic extract of leaf and stem revealed eleven polyvalent phytoconstituents (13 and 10 peaks) and corresponding ascending order of Rf values in the range from 0.08 to 0.65 in leaf and 0.02 to 0.66 in the stem. From the result of preliminary phytochemical analysis and above Rf values from HPTLC, we have concluded the presence of phenols in methanol extracts.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND IN VIVO WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC AND ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACTS OF ABUTILON INDICUM ROOT
Authors: Ravishankar K , Kiranmayi G.V.N , Sruthi J. M. ,   Aditya College of Pharmacy, Surampalem, East Godavari District - 533 437 Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: January 2022

The present study was aimed at comparing the in vivo wound healing and in vitro antibacterial activity of Abutilon indicum roots. Wound healing is a complex phenomenon which consists of three stages inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling. Traditionally, A. indicum is used for wound healing. There is no specific scientific data available for the wound healing activity of Abutilon indicum root. The present study was designed to investigate the same. The wound healing activity of ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of A. indicum was evaluated in incision and burn wound models. The parameters studied include tensile strength, epithelialisation period and rate of wound contraction. A. indicum also possesses antimicrobial activity. Ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract of A. indicum was tested against both Gram positive, Gram negative and fungal organisms using agar well diffusion method. From the results, it was concluded that ethyl acetate extract of A. indicum root had greater wound activity and antimicrobial activity than the ethanolic extract.
INVESTIGATIONS ON IN VITRO METABOLITES OF LINEZOLID IN VARIOUS SPECIES
Authors: Kesana S. L , Vamaraju H. B. , Dodle J. P. , Sastry P. C. ,   College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana - 500 007, India
Published: January 2022

Linezolid is a potent synthetic oxazolidinone used for the treatment of bacterial infections with a new mechanism of action that involves early inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis. In humans, linezolid circulates mainly as parent drug and is excreted primarily as parent drug and a major inactive, morpholine ring-opened carboxylic acid metabolite. In vitro studies were conducted to identify the hepatic enzymes responsible for the oxidative metabolism of linezolid using human liver microsomes. However the specific enzyme responsible for the oxidation of linezolid was not identified. The present study is to check with and identify the probable metabolic pathways in various species like monkey, mouse, rat, dog and human livermicrosomes and put up the best model for the contingency studies using modern analytical techniques. The current investigation on the metabolites obtained after 60 minutes incubation revealed three additional metabolites, namely, M10, M11 and M12, adding on to the list of already reported metabolites.>
Countering the "Phenomenology of Whiteness": The Nation of Islam's Phenomenology of Blackness
Authors:   Georgia Southern University, Muhammad E. Anthony
Published: January 2022

The Nation of Islam (NOI) has intrigued American society since its inception in 1930. Historically, the religio-nationalist organization has been the object of admiration for its uncanny ability to reform the lives of downtrodden blacks. At the same time, the NOI has garnered condemnation for the controversial, racialized and divisive doctrine that it espouses. This condemnation has led to a dismissal of the NOI’s doctrine as reactionary, bigoted, and fanciful myth-making. In recent decades however, scholars have begun interrogating the doctrine of the NOI. Rather than dismissing it, scholars in various fields have recognized the critical and phenomenological nature of its doctrine as it goes about the “mental, physical, and spiritual resurrection” of black Americans. In this article, I interrogate three of the most controversial claims of the NOI: The White man is the devil, the Black man is God, and its endorsement of the separation of Blacks into their own territory. Viewed through the lens of phenomenology, I submit that the NOI’s doctrine and actions should be viewed as the establishment of an emancipative and recuperative “Phenomenology of Blackness” that counters a lifeworld built upon the disembodiment and dehumanization of Black bodies. Reframing the NOI’s doctrine in this way positions it as a linguistic, religiously stylized, praxis-oriented critical hermeneutic phenomenology.
Prolegomena to Any Future Historicizing: The Dilthey-Husserl Debate and Why It Matters for Critical Phenomenology
Authors: Myers Christopher R.
Published: January 2022

For more than a century, phenomenology’s relation to history has remained a problem for phenomenological analysis. This can in part be attributed to the circumstances surrounding the beginnings of phenomenology. As Europe moved increasingly toward world war at the turn of the 20th century, a growing consciousness of the historical relativity of all values and knowledge spread throughout the continent, leading Ernst Troeltsch to speak of the “crisis of historicism” (Rand 1964, 504-5). In this same context, Edmund Husserl framed phenomenological analysis in opposition to history. While Husserl recognized the “tremendous value” that history has to offer philosophical thinking, he believed that a purely historical reduction of consciousness necessarily results in the relativity of historical understanding itself, like a serpent that bites its own tail (Husserl 2002, 280). If phenomenology was to be a genuine science, it had to attempt a phenomenological reduction which would seize upon the essence of our historical being, i.e., our essence as beings that exist within history and are inseparable from it. What was required over and beyond a historical understanding of lived experience was an analysis of the structure of historicity itself (293-4).
Impact of Replacing Different Levels of Panicum maximum in Rabbit Diets on Growth Performance, Hemato-Biochemical Profile, and Histological Responses of Some Internal Organs
Authors: El-Folly Ibrahim Abd El-Rahman , Abou Sekken Mahmoud Saad , Abo-Eid Hossni El-Sayed , El-Samahy Hanan Saad , Mourad Disouky Mohamed
Published: January 2022

There has been an interest in alternative sources in rabbit feeding. Therefore, the current study aimed to estimate the health status, growth performance, hemato-biochemical, and histological picture of some important internal organs in growing Newziland rabbits as a result of replacing different levels of Panicum maximum (PM) in its pelleted diet. A total of 35 weaned rabbits (20 males and 15 females) aged 5 weeks were purchased with an average body weight of 839.7 ± 7.05 g and 771.20 ± 9.19 g for males and females, respectively. Randomly, five equal rabbit groups were formed (7 rabbits in each group). The first group (control) was fed a basal diet without PM. The second, third, fourth, and fifth groups were fed pelleted diets containing PM with a replacing percent of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of clover hay, respectively. All groups were fed ad libitum of pelleted feed for two months. The blood was aspirated individually three times, including at the beginning of the experiment (as zero time), after one month, and at the end of the experiment, respectively. The whole blood was used for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit percentage, erythrocytes, and total leukocyte counts. At the experimental end, in each group, 3 male rabbits were sacrificed and their internal organs including liver, kidney, cecum, and rectum were collected for histopathology. The live body weight was significantly affected by sex where males were heavier than females, also feed conversion ratio, growth rate, and feed intake were significantly affected by feeding on different levels of PM. Blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, and the total leukocytic count had a non-significant effect while the erythrocyte count increased significantly in all experimental groups. There were insignificant changes in plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, creatinine, and glucose concentrations when different levels of PM were added. furthermore, the plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased in rabbits fed PM, 75% and 100% when compared with 25%, 50%, and control groups. Finally, replacement PM instead of clover hay in pelleted diets till 75% was found to be the safety and optimum percentage for biological and healthy rabbits.
Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Biochemical Properties, Hematological Traits, and Intestinal Histopathology of Broiler Chicks Fed Mannan Oligosaccharides
Authors: Ghazalah Abdallah Ali , El-Manylawi Mohamed Ahmed Fouad , Motawe Hady Fathy Abbas , Khattab Marwa Salah , Youssef Yara Ibrahem
Published: January 2022

, , , , and Antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry diets are currently restricted, so other feed additives, such as prebiotics and probiotics, have been suggested as an antibiotics alternative to improve the performance and gut health of poultry. The current experiment was conducted to study the effects of adding Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) as a potential replacement for an antibiotic on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, some blood parameters, and caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. For conducting the current research experiment, a total of 180 one–day old Ross broiler chicks were randomly divided into one control group fed a basal diet and four dietary treatments with six replicates for each treatment. The treatment groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with different levels of MOS 0.5, 1, and 2 g/Kg diet and Lincomycin 4.4 mg/Kg diet during 35 days of the feeding trial. With exception of the growing period, the group fed a basal diet supplemented with 2 g MOS/Kg feed had considerably higher body weight and weight gain, while having the lowest feed consumption and best feed conversion ratio compared to the other treatment groups, during all experimental periods. Moreover, dietary supplementation of MOS resulted in a significant decrease in the counts of caecal E. coli and Enterococcus, while Lactobacillus and Yeast bacteria counts were significantly higher, compared to non-supplemented groups. Broiler chicks having a 2 g MOS/kg diet recorded lower values of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), urea, and liver enzymes, including Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), while they recorded significantly higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL), compared to the other experimental groups. Group treated with MOS 2 g/Kg feed improved digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and organic matter, compared to the control group, Additionally, MOS supplementation also increased the intestinal villi length, width, and crypt depth and decreased intestinal inflammation, compared to the control group. In conclusion, supplementation of MOS at 2 g/kg diet improved growth performance, digestibility, and blood parameters without having adverse effects on the intestine of broiler chickens, comparable to the Lincomycin.
Potential Carbon Thickness on Ammonia Content in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaponics System with Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Authors: Abizaka Faiz Tuffah , Mahasri Gunanti , Nindarwi Daruti Dinda
Published: January 2022

The application of aquaponics aquaculture is needed to improve water quality, especially the addition of filtration materials which act as absorbent planting mediums for ammonia nitrogen content in toxic water. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of the carbon thickness on ammonia levels in Nile tilapia in aquaponics systems with Water spinach. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and five replications. The main parameter was ammonia level. Supporting parameters in this study included initial and final growth of Water spinach, fish survival rate, specific growth rate, and water quality which included temperature measurement, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Each treatment consisted of variations of carbon thicknesses at P0 (control), P1 (5 cm), P2 (7 cm), and P3 (9 cm). The results revealed that ammonia levels were significantly different at P1, P2, and P3 in the third and fourth weeks. Ammonia levels during the study decreased from 0.3969 ppm to 0.1741 ppm. The reported value of 7.2 was for acidity degree, 29.3°C for the temperature, 5.94 ppm for dissolved oxygen, 8.42 cm for the growth of Water spinach, 0.44% for the specific growth rate, and 90% for the survival rate. Carbon thickness caused a decrease in ammonia levels in Nile tilapia with aquaponics systems through the medium of Water spinach.
The Relationship Between Coat Color and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows in Algeria
Authors: Lamari Sara , Saber Youcef
Published: January 2022

The objective of the current study was to analyze the reproduction parameters of 48 dairy cows (29 Montbeliardes and 19 Normandes) and their relationship to coat color. Cows were imported from European countries and raised in the semi-arid region of Sétif in Algeria. The findings showed that the cows of the Montbéliarde breed were more fertile and of greater reproduction efficiency, compared to Normandes. Regarding the Montbéliarde breed, the intervals between calving and calving to conception were respectively 378.34 and 98.65 days, which were shorter than those of the Normandes breed (67 and 22 days, respectively). Normandes cows registered a higher number of services per conception (1.54 ± 0.9), compared to Montbeliarde cows (1.34 ± 0.55). Calving to the first service interval of the Normandes (76 days) was longer by 5 days than that of the Montbéliarde breed. The coats of Montbéliarde cows (51%) were whiter than those of Normandes (48%). A darker hair coat probably assured protectivity against thermal stress and greater efficiency of reproduction. The interval between calving in Montbéliarde cows was significantly affected by coat color; the interval between calving of cows with a colored coat was shorter (358 days) than whiter cows (400 days). For Normandes, cows with a colorful coat required fewer services per conception number (1.44). Hair works as a temperature regulator and may affect reproduction performances. The results of the current study suggest the possibility of integrating coat color into animal selection. It can be assumed that colored coats for Montbéliarde and Normande breeds appear to be related to their reproductive efficiency (interval between calving and number of services per conception, respectively).
Acquisition of Synchrotron Radiation micro-CT images for the investigation of bone micro-cracks
Authors: Zuluaga Maria A. , Larrue Aymeric , Rattner Aline , Vico Laurence , Peyrin Françoise
Published: January 2022

This paper describes two 3D micro-CT datasets of 23 and 5.9 Gigabytes that Creatis has made publicly available to the imaging community. These datasets were acquired using Synchrotron Radiation micro-Ct at the ESRF at a spatial resolution of 1.4 microns. The provided datasets were previously included in a study to develop new 3D imaging methods to analyze, in three-dimensions, the morphology of microcracks human trabecular bone at the micrometric scale.

This paper is a pure data contribution. The datasets described here are made available in the public MIDAS database. Here we describe the content of the files to make easier for others to use this data as input for their own research work. This adheres to the fundamental principle that scientific publications must facilitate reproducibility of the reported results.
An Open-Source Hardware and Software Platform for Telesurgical Robotics Research
Authors: Chen Zihan , Deguet Anton , Taylor Russell , Dimaio Simon , Fischer Gregory , Kazanzides Peter
Published: January 2022

We present our work to develop a telerobotics research platform that provides complete access to all levels of control via open-source custom electronics and software. The electronics employs an FPGA to enable a centralized computation and distributed I/O architecture in which all control computations are implemented in a familiar development environment (Linux PC) and low-latency I/O is performed over an IEEE-1394a (Firewire) bus at speeds up to 400 Mbits/sec. The mechanical components of the system are provided by the Research Kit for the da Vinci System, which consists of the Master Tool Manipulators (MTMs), Patient Side Manipulators (PSMs), and stereo console of the first-generation da Vinci surgical robot. This system is currently installed, or planned for installation, at 11 research institutions, with additional installations likely in the future, thereby creating a research community around a common open-source hardware and software platform.
Automatic Segmentation of Head and Neck CT Images by GPU-Accelerated Multi-atlas Fusion
Authors: Han Xiao , Han Xiaodong , Hibbard Lyndon , O'Connell Nicolette , Willcut Virgil
Published: January 2022

Treatment planning for high precision radiotherapy of head and neck (H&N) cancer patients requires accurate delineation of critical structures. Manual contouring is tedious and often suffers from large inter- and intra-rater variability. In this paper, we present a fully automated, atlas-based segmentation method and apply it to tackle the H&N CT image segmentation problem in the MICCAI 2009 3D Segmentation Grand Challenge. The proposed method employs a multiple atlas fusion strategy and a hierarchical atlas registration approach. We also exploit recent advancements in GPU technology to accelerate the deformable atlas registration and to make multi-atlas segmentation computationally feasible in practice. Validation results on the eight clinical datasets distributed by the MICCAI workshop showed that the proposed method gave very accurate segmentation of the mandible and the brainstem, with a volume overlap close to or above 90% for most subjects. These results suggest that our method is clinically applicable, accurate, and may significantly reduce manual labor and improve contouring efficiency.
Software Architecture of a System for Robotic Surgery
Authors: Mayer Hermann , Burschka Darius , Knoll Alois , Braun Eva Ulla , Lange R�diger , Bauernschmitt Robert
Published: January 2022

At the German Heart Center Munich we have installed and evaluated a novel system for robotic surgery. Its main features are the incorporation of haptics (by means of strain gauge sensors at the instruments) and partial automation of surgical tasks. However, in this paper we focus on the software engineering aspects of the system. We present a hierarchical approach, which is inspired by the modular architecture of the hardware. Each component of the system, and therefore each component of the control software can be easily interchanged by another instance (e.g. different types of robots may be employed to carry the surgical instruments). All operations are abstracted by an intuitive user interface, which provides a high level of transparency. In addition, we have included techniques known from character animation (so called key-framing) in order to enable operation of the system by users with non-engineering backgrounds. The introduced concepts have proven effective during an extensive evaluation with 30 surgeons. Thereby, the system was used to conduct simplified operations in the field of heart surgery, including the replacement of a papillary tendon and the occlusion of an atrial septal defect.
3D Interactive Centerline Extraction
Authors: Zhang Yong , Chen Kun , Wong Stephen
Published: January 2022

This document describes a user-steered method to interactively track centerlines of tubular objects in 3D space. The method is developed as a plug-in of ImageJ using Java language. To evaluate the tracking ability and tracking accuracy, this method has been applied to coronary artery tracking in coronary CT angiography data. Its potential as a user-steered 3D centerline tracking tool has been discussed as well as its limitations and possible improvements.
Gauss-Newton Method for Segmentation assisted Deformable Registration
Authors: Jurisic Miro , Fechter Tobias , Hauler Frida , Furtado Hugo , Nestle Ursula , Birkfellner Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

In this work, we try to develop a fast converging method for segmentation assisted deformable registration. The segmentation step consists of a piece-wise constant Mumford-Shah energy model while reg- istration is driven by the sum of squared distances of both initial images and segmented mask with a diffusion regularization. In order to solve this energy minimization problem, a second order Gauss-Newton opti- mization method is used. For the numerical experiments we used CT data sets from the EMPIRE10 challenge. In this preliminary study, we show high accuracy of our algorithm.
A DICOM-based streaming service for the Digital Operating Room
Authors: Vazquez Adrian m. , Mayoral Rafael , Burgert Oliver
Published: January 2022

In the Digital Operating Room there is a need to support data streaming to create advanced integrated surgical assist systems. In this paper we propose a DICOM-based streaming mechanism which leverages the interoperability definitions offered by DICOM to offer a common interface to manage all kinds of streaming data sources, while allowing data and application-specific protocols and infrastructure for the actual data access. We have implemented the proposed solution within the ASTMA project and have shown that thanks to the flexibility in choosing an appropriate streaming protocol we can achieve the necessary streaming quality while transmitting the context information required to create valid DICOM instances. This approach ensures an early integration of streaming data with the rest of the imaging information providing for a simpler data workflow.