bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REPORT OF ROBBERY TURMOIL IN GORANG-GARENG ON COLONIAL NEWSPAPERS IN 1934
Authors: Buwana Yogaswara Fajar
Published: February 2022

Gorang-Gareng during the Dutch East Indies period was one of the districts in Magetan Regency, Madiun Residency. This district was known as a robbery area (Het Rampok Gebied) after the riots of robbery in 1934. The aims of this study are (1) to explain the culture of the Gorang-Gareng people; (2) to explain the turmoil of the robbery in Gorang-Gareng in 1934, (3) to analyze the coverage of colonial newspapers in Gorang-Gareng in 1934. The method used in this research is the historical method, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results show (1) Gorang-Gareng has a Mataraman culture which contains the principle of manunggal (oneness) and the principle was shaken, (2) colonial newspapers have been diligent in reporting the turmoil of robbery since August 1934 where the Samin gang and the Koeslan gang became the topic of discussion quite a lot (3) Colonial newspaper coverage tends to show subjectivity and tends to see natives as a source of problems. The significance of this research is as a reminder of the history of Gorang-Gareng because in 1948 Gorang-Gareng became the center of the largest PKI’s assassination. The PKI movement in 1948 was related to the robbers. So it is lesson.KEYWORDS: Gorang-Gareng, Colonial newspapers, the turmoil of robbery, Samin, Koeslan
Composite learning tracking control for underactuated marine surface vessels with output constraints
Authors: Yan Huaran , Xiao Yingjie , Zhang Honghang
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a composite learning control scheme was proposed for underactuated marine surface vessels (MSVs) subject to unknown dynamics, time-varying external disturbances and output constraints. Based on the line-of-sight (LOS) approach, the underactuation problem of the MSVs was addressed. To deal with the problem of output constraint, the barrier Lyapunov function-based method was utilized to ensure that the output error will never violate the constraint. The composite neural networks (NNs) are employed to approximate unknown dynamics. The prediction errors can be obtained using the serial-parallel estimation model (SPEM). Both the prediction errors and the tracking errors were employed to construct the NN weight updating. Using approximation information, the disturbance observers were designed to estimate unknown time-varying disturbances. The stability analysis via the Lyapunov approach indicates that all signals of unmanned marine surface vessels are uniformly ultimate boundedness. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Testosterone and estradiol affect adolescent reinforcement learning
Authors: Kohne Sina , Diekhof Esther K.
Published: February 2022

During adolescence, gonadal hormones influence brain maturation and behavior. The impact of 17β-estradiol and testosterone on reinforcement learning was previously investigated in adults, but studies with adolescents are rare. We tested 89 German male and female adolescents (mean age ± sd = 14.7 ± 1.9 years) to determine the extent 17β-estradiol and testosterone influenced reinforcement learning capacity in a response time adjustment task. Our data showed, that 17β-estradiol correlated with an enhanced ability to speed up responses for reward in both sexes, while the ability to wait for higher reward correlated with testosterone primary in males. This suggests that individual differences in reinforcement learning may be associated with variations in these hormones during adolescence, which may shift the balance between a more reward- and an avoidance-oriented learning style.
ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ И НАУЧНЫЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ИНСТИТУТА АСТРОНОМИИ РАН, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Сачков М.Е. , Нароенков С.А. , Барабанов С.И. , Николенко И.В.
Published: February 2022

Сотрудники Института астрономии РАН (ИНАСАН) ведут исследования по многочисленным направлениям современной астрономии: вычислительная астрофизика, спектроскопия высокого разрешения, физика межзвездной среды, астрофизика звездных и галактических систем, переменные звезды, космическое приборостроение для работ в ультрафиолетовой области электромагнитного спектра, работы по проблемам астероидно-кометной опасности. В последние годы в ИНАСАН выросло и стало важным направление исследований экзопланет, особенно их атмосфер. Развитие большинства из этих направлений неразрывно связано с развитием экспериментальной базы для получения новых астрономических данных. О существующих и планируемых к вводу в строй астрономических приборах на наблюдательных площадках ИНАСАН: обсерваториях в Звенигороде, Симеизе, Кисловодске, на пике Терскол, о Российско-Кубинской обсерватории и пойдет речь в данной статье.
КОСМИЧЕСКИЕ ОПАСНОСТИ: БЛИЖНИЙ КОСМОС, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Шустов Б.М.
Published: February 2022

Тема космических опасностей – яркий пример вечной борьбы между знаниями и заблуждениями. В статье приведена очень краткая справка по современному состоянию проблемы – другими словами, тот минимум, который нелишне знать о космических опасностях. Тема чрезвычайно многопланова. Она стала одним из важных направлений современной науки. В Институте астрономии РАН (ИНАСАН) направление изучения космических угроз является традиционным. Специфика института проявляется в том, что основные исследования ведутся по проблематике космического мусора (КМ) и астероидно-кометной опасности (АКО). В этой статье вниманию читателей предлагается ознакомиться с некоторыми интересными результатами недавних исследований, проведенных в ИНАСАН.
Physical activity level and stroke risk in US population: A matched case–control study of 102,578 individuals
Authors: Ghozy Sherief , Zayan Ahmad Helmy , El‐Qushayri Amr Ehab , Parker Kate Elizabeth , Varney Joseph , Kallmes Kevin M. , Morsy Sara , Abbas Alzhraa Salah , Diestro Jose Danilo B. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Shah Jaffer , Hassan Ameer E. , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Published: January 2022

Background

Stroke has been linked to a lack of physical activity; however, the extent of the association between inactive lifestyles and stroke risk has yet to be characterized across large populations.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the association between activity‐related behaviors and stroke incidence.

Methods

Data from 1999 to 2018 waves of the concurrent cross‐sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were extracted. We analyzed participants characteristics and outcomes for all participants with data on whether they had a stroke or not and assessed how different forms of physical activity affect the incidence of disease.

Results

Of the 102,578 individuals included, 3851 had a history of stroke. A range of activity‐related behaviors was protective against stroke, including engaging in moderate‐intensity work over the last 30 days (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7–0.9; P = 0.001) and vigorous‐intensity work activities over the last 30 days (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.5–0.8; P < 0.001), and muscle‐strengthening exercises (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.5–0.8; P < 0.001). Conversely, more than 4 h of daily TV, video, or computer use was positively associated with the likelihood of stroke (OR = 11.7, 95% CI = 2.1–219.2; P = 0.022).

Conclusion

Different types, frequencies, and intensities of physical activity were associated with reduced stroke incidence, implying that there is an option for everyone. Daily or every other day activities are more critical in reducing stroke than reducing sedentary behavior duration.
The impact of algebra worked example presentations on student learning
Authors: Smith Hannah , Closser Avery H. , Ottmar Erin , Chan Jenny Yun‐Chen
Published: January 2022

Worked examples are effective learning tools for algebraic equation solving. However, they are typically presented in a static concise format, which only displays the major derivation steps in one static image. The current work explores how worked examples that vary in their extensiveness (i.e., detail) and degree of dynamic presentation (i.e., static vs. sequential line‐by‐line vs. dynamic format that demonstrates the problem‐solving process) impact learning. We conducted an online experiment in which 230 algebra students completed a pretest, studied worked examples in one of six presentation conditions, and completed a posttest. We found that overall, students improved from pretest to posttest after viewing the worked examples; we did not find significant differences on posttest performance between worked example presentations. These results have implications for the design of worked examples in online tutoring systems as well as for cognitive load theory and perceptual learning theory in the design of worked examples.
High‐Throughput Atomic Layer Deposition of P‐Type SnO Thin Film Transistors Using Tin(II)bis(tert‐amyloxide)
Authors: Mameli Alfredo , Parish James D. , Dogan Tamer , Gelinck Gerwin , Snook Michael W. , Straiton Andrew J. , Johnson Andrew L. , Kronemeijer Auke J.
Published: February 2022

Spatial atomic layer deposition (sALD) of p‐type SnO is demonstrated using a novel liquid ALD precursor, tin(II)‐bis(tert‐amyloxide), Sn(TAA)2, and H2O as the coreactant in a process which shows an increased deposition rate when compared to conventional temporal ALD. Compared to previously reported temporal ALD chemistries for the deposition of SnO, deposition rates of up to 19.5 times higher are obtained using Sn(TAA)2 as a precursor in combination with atmospheric pressure sALD. Growths per cycle of 0.55 and 0.09 Å are measured at deposition temperatures of 100 and 210 °C, respectively. Common‐gate thin film transistors (TFTs), fabricated using sALD with Sn(TAA)2 result in linear mobilities of up to 0.4 cm2 V–1 s–1 and on/off‐current ratios, IOn/IOff > 102. The combination of enhanced precursor chemistry and improved deposition hardware enables unprecedently high deposition rate ALD of p‐type SnO, representing a significant step toward high‐throughput p‐type TFT fabrication on large area and flexible substrates.
A sandwich ELISA kit reveals marked elevation of titin N‐terminal fragment levels in the urine of mdx mice
Authors: Shirakawa Taku , Ikushima Ayumu , Maruyama Nobuhiro , Nambu Yoshinori , Awano Hiroyuki , Osawa Kayo , Nirasawa Kei , Negishi Yoichi , Nishio Hisahide , Fukushima Shoji , Matsuo Masafumi
Published: February 2022

The mdx mouse is a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal progressive muscle wasting disease caused by dystrophin deficiency, and is used most widely in preclinical studies. Mice with dystrophin deficiency, however, show milder muscle strength phenotypes than humans. In human, the introduction of a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit revealed a more than 700‐fold increase in titin N‐terminal fragment levels in the urine of pediatric patients with DMD. Notably, the urinary titin level declines with aging, reflecting progression of muscle wasting. In mouse, development of a highly sensitive ELISA kit has been awaited. Here, a sandwich ELISA kit to measure titin N‐terminal fragment levels in mouse urine was developed. The developed kit showed good linearity, recovery, and repeatability in measuring recombinant or natural mouse titin N‐terminal fragment levels. The titin N‐terminal fragment concentration in the urine of mdx mice was more than 500‐fold higher than that of normal mice. Urinary titin was further analyzed by extending the collection of urine samples to both young (3–11 weeks old) and aged (56–58 weeks old) mdx mice. The concentration in the young group was significantly higher than that in the aged group. It was concluded that muscle protein breakdown is active and persistent in mdx mice even though the muscle phenotype is mild. Our results provide an opportunity to develop DMD treatments that aim to alleviate muscle protein breakdown by monitoring urinary titin levels.
Leigh Syndrome: A Study of 209 Patients at the Beijing Children's Hospital
Authors: Stenton Sarah L. , Zou Ying , Cheng Hua , Liu Zhimei , Wang Junling , Shen Danmin , Jin Hong , Ding Changhong , Tang Xiaolu , Sun Suzhen , Han Hong , Ma Yanli , Zhang Weihua , Jin Ruifeng , Wang Hua , Sun Dan , Lv Jun Lan , Prokisch Holger , Fang Fang
Published: January 2022

Objective

Leigh syndrome (LS) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease and the most frequent pediatric manifestation of mitochondrial disease. In the largest patient collection to date, this study aimed to provide new insights into the clinical and genetic spectrum of LS, defect‐specific associations, and predictors of disease course and survival.

Methods

Clinical, metabolic, neuroimaging, onset, and survival data were collected from the medical records of 209 patients referred to the Beijing Children's Hospital with symmetrical basal ganglia and/or brainstem neuroimaging changes indicative of LS by 30 centers from the Chinese network of mitochondrial disease (mitoC‐NET) between January 2013 and July 2021 for exploratory analysis.

Results

Pathogenic variants were identified in 52 genes, most frequently MT‐ATP6, SURF1, and PDHA1. Maternally inherited variants accounted for 42% (heteroplasmy level ≥90% in 64%). Phenotypes spanned 92 Human Phenotype Ontology terms. Elevated serum lactate (144/195), global developmental delay (142/209), and developmental regression (103/209) were most frequent. Discriminating neuroimaging and/or clinical features were identified for MT‐ATP6 (m.9176T>C), MT‐ND5, PDHA1, SUCLG1, and SURF1. Poorest survival was associated with MT‐ND5, MT‐ATP6 (m.8993T>C and m.9176T>C), SURF1, and ALDH5A1 (≤50% 3 year's survival), in contrast to milder defects with specific treatment (ECHS1 and SLC19A3, 100% 3 year's survival).

Interpretation

Our data define phenotype, onset, and survival of LS in a defect‐specific manner, identifying features discriminating between genetic defects and predictive of disease outcome. These findings are essential to early diagnosis, in optimizing family counseling, and to the design and monitoring of future clinical trials, the next frontier of LS research. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:466–482
Morphological variation of the brachial plexus in four phyllostomid bat species (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Toledo Karen Santos , Peracchi Adriano Lúcio , Nogueira Marcelo Rodrigues
Published: February 2022

Despite the remarkable morphological modifications that occurred in the thoracic limbs of bats, information about the brachial plexus in this group is still scarce. The present study aimed to describe the origin, structure, and distribution of these peripheral nerves in four Phyllostomidae species. Both antimeres of six Artibeus lituratus, five Desmodus rotundus, seven Glossophaga soricina, and five Phyllostomus hastatus—all adult males from the Adriano Lúcio Peracchi Collection (UFRRJ)—were dissected. After complete exposure of the structure, we found that the brachial plexus of D. rotundus and P. hastatus is formed by the same roots (C5–T1), whereas the fourth cervical spinal nerve and the second thoracic spinal nerve are present in G. soricina (C4–T1) and A. lituratus (C5–T2), respectively. There was intraspecific variation and asymmetry in the origin of the structure and the combinations of nerve segments forming terminal branches. The distribution to the target muscles and patagium, however, was not subject to significant variation in our sample. Data presented here support the presence of two prevailing conditions in distribution of nerves to the bat muscles, and the innervation of the membranes seems to be explained by embryogenesis. Although the brachial plexus in phyllostomid bats is similar to that of other terrestrial Laurasiatheria, aspects identified in these bats, apparently unique to Chiroptera, may be related to anatomical changes in the thoracic limbs functionally linked to flight.
Pyrimidines: Molecular docking and inhibition studies on carbonic anhydrase and cholinesterases
Authors: Duran Hatice Esra
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. The disease is characterized by dementia, memory impairment, cognitive impairment, and speech impairment. Cholinesterases (ChEs; AChE, acetylcholinesterase and BChE, butyrylcholinesterase) inhibitors and their benefits of cholinergic replacement in the treatment of AD have been researched and documented by scientists in various ways to date. Recent studies prove that human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) are also one of the important targets in the treatment of AD. Therefore, the development of new agents that can simultaneously modulate the various mechanisms or targets involved in the AD pathway may be a powerful strategy to treat AD, the current disease. Considering these data, the effects of the pyrimidines (1–7) were investigated in this study for the discovery and development of multitargeted ChEs and hCAs inhibitors associated with AD. In addition, the molecular docking analysis of the 4‐amino‐2‐choloropyrimidine (2) was performed to understand the binding interactions on the active site of the enzyme. All compounds (1–7) showed satisfactory enzyme inhibitory potency in micromolar concentrations against AChE, BChE, hCAI, and hCAII with KI values ranging from 0.099 to 0.241 μM, from 1.324 to 3.418 μM, from 0.201 to 0.884 μM, from 1.867 to 3.913 μM, respectively. Due to their ChEs and hCAs inhibition, these compounds (1–7) may be considered as leads for investigations in neurodegenerative diseases. All these results revealed that the 4‐amino‐5,6‐dichloropyrimidine (7) (KI value of 0.201 ± 0.041 μM for hCA I), the 4‐amino‐6‐hydroxypyrimidine (4) (KI value of 1.867 ± 0.296 μM for hCA II), the 4‐amino‐5,6‐dichloropyrimidine (7) (KI value of 0.099 ± 0.008 μM for AChE), and the 4‐amino‐2‐chloropyrimidine (2) (KI value of 1.324 ± 0.273 μM for BChE) from the pyrimidines in this series were the most promising derivatives, as they exhibited a good multifunctional inhibition at all experimental levels and in the in silico validation against these enzymes, for the treatment of AD.
Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives as irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Yeom Hyesu , Achary Raghavendra , Choi Yunha , Park Chi Hoon , Lee Joo‐Youn , Lee Heung Kyoung , Kim Pilho , Cho Sung Yun
Published: February 2022

4,6‐Disubstituted pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were explored as irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. The structure–activity relationship was established with over 20 derivatives synthesized to determine initial hit compounds, based on activities against BTK enzyme and TMD8 cells. It turned out that introducing 1‐acrylamido‐4‐aminopiperdine (1b) at the C4 position of pyrazolopyrimidine as in 5e, and 3‐acrylamido‐aniline (1j) as 4‐position substituent, such as in 9d, 10d, and 10e, delivered potent in vitro enzyme activities as well as TMD8 cell‐based cytotoxicities. Considering kinase selectivity profiles, 5e was selected for in vivo efficacy studies with a murine xenograft model using TMD8 cells, where 5e exhibited moderate tumor growth inhibition activities. Further optimization of 5e and 9d may lead to clinically useful compounds to overcome B‐cell‐mediated hematologic cancers.
Fibrous skeleton‐framed, flexible high‐energy‐density quasi‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Kim Seung‐Hyeok , Choe Ui‐Jin , Kim Nag‐Young , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: January 2022

Despite the extensive investigation on solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (SSLMBs), their application in flexible electronic devices has been plagued mainly by the physicochemical/mechanical instability of their electrode–electrolyte interfaces. Here, we present a fibrous skeleton‐framed, quasi‐solid‐state LMB (fs‐QSSLMB) as a new cell architecture concept to simultaneously achieve the high‐energy‐density, mechanical flexibility, and safety. The fs‐QSSLMB is fabricated by embedding poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nonwovens, stainless‐steel meshes, and metal‐coated conductive PET nonwovens with a lithiophilic‐gradient morphology as customized fibrous skeletons into quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes (QSSEs), high‐capacity LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes, and Li metal anodes, respectively. The stepwise printing of the NCM811 cathode/QSSE/Li anode assembly and the subsequent one‐pot ultraviolet curing of the gel electrolyte precursors in the assembly enable the formation of seamless interfaces between the electrodes and QSSE, thereby ensuring the electrochemical sustainability and mechanical deformability of the fs‐QSSLMB. In addition, owing to its fibrous skeleton‐based structural uniqueness and seamless interfaces, the fs‐QSSLMB exhibits electrochemical reliability, mechanical flexibility, safety (i.e., electrochemically active after being vertically cut in half and exposed to flame), and high (cell‐based) gravimetric/volumetric energy densities (385 Wh kgcell−1/451 Wh Lcell−1).
Use of the Medtronic Microvascular Plug 7Q for transcatheter closure of large patent ductus arteriosus in infants weighing less than 2.5 kg
Authors: Nasef Mohamed Al , O'Sullivan Donnchadh , Ng Li Yen , Walsh Kevin P. , Oslizlok Paul , McCrossan Brian , Kenny Damien , Sathanandam Shyam
Published: January 2022

Background

The sole Food and Drug Administration‐approved device for transcatheter closure of the patent arterial duct in premature infants is indicated for patent ductus arteriosus (PDAs) ≤ 4 mm in diameter. We report a two‐center experience with transcatheter closure of large PDAs (>4 mm) in infants weighing <2.5 kg using the Microvascular Plug 7Q (MVP‐7Q) device.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of departmental databases and medical charts to define patient cohort and report demographic, procedural, and follow‐up data.

Results

Twenty‐two patients (12 male) with a median gestational age and birthweight of 25.5 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] = 24–28) and 800 g (572–1075), respectively, underwent attempted PDA occlusion with the MVP‐7Q using a transvenous approach. The median age and weight at the time of PDA occlusion was 32 days (IQR = 24–28) and 1100 g (IQR = 960–1700), respectively. The median PDA length was 12 mm (IQR = 11–12.65). The median PDA diameters at the aortic and pulmonary ends were 5.1 (IQR = 4.9–5.5) and 4.8 mm (IQR = 4.6–5.3), respectively. Successful device occlusion was achieved in 20 patients (91%). There were two failed attempts: One due to inappropriate sizing, and the other secondary to left pulmonary artery stenosis. There were no procedural complications and no residual shunting on follow‐up.

Conclusions

The MVP‐7Q is safe and effective for transcatheter closure of large (>4 mm) PDAs in infants <2.5 kg. The lack of retention disks may help with avoiding impingement on surrounding vessels.
Sex differences in outcomes of transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair with MitraClip: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ya'Qoub Lina , Gad Mohamed , Faza Nadeen N. , Kunkel Katherine J. , Ya'acoub Rawan , Villablanca Pedro , Bagur Rodrigo , Alasnag Mirvat , Eng Marvin , Elgendy Islam Y.
Published: January 2022

Background

Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) with MitraClip improves outcomes among select patients with moderate–to‐severe and severe mitral regurgitation; however, data regarding sex‐specific differences in the outcomes among patients undergoing TEER are limited.

Methods

An electronic search of the PubMed, Embase, Central, and Web of Science databases for studies comparing sex differences in outcomes among patients undergoing TEER was performed. Summary estimates were primarily conducted using a random‐effects model.

Results

Eleven studies with a total of 24,905 patients (45.6% women) were included. Women were older and had a lower prevalence of comorbidities, including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease. There was no difference in procedural success (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–1.05) and short‐term mortality (i.e., up to 30 days) between women and men (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.97–1.39). Women had a higher incidence of periprocedural bleeding and stroke (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.15–1.56) and (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.10–2.25), respectively. At a median follow‐up of 12 months, there was no difference in mortality (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.89–1.09) and heart failure hospitalizations (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.68–1.67). An analysis of adjusted long‐term mortality showed a lower incidence of mortality among women (hazards ratio: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67–0.88).

Conclusions

Despite a lower prevalence of baseline comorbidities, women undergoing TEER with MitraClip had higher unadjusted rates of periprocedural stroke and bleeding as compared with men. There was no difference in unadjusted procedural success, short‐term or long‐term mortality. However, women had lower adjusted mortality on long‐term follow‐up. Future high‐quality studies assessing sex differences in outcomes after TEER are needed to confirm these findings.
Validation of the V‐RESOLVE (Visual Estimation for Risk prEdiction of Side Branch OccLusion in Coronary Bifurcation interVEntion) score system in unprotected left main bifurcation
Authors: He Jining , Zhang Dong , Zhang Rui , Wang Haoyu , Wu Shaoyu , Feng Lei , Yin Dong , Xu Bo , Dou Kefei
Published: January 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the risk of side branch (SB) occlusion using the V‐RESOLVE (The Visual Estimation for Risk prEdiction of Side Branch OccLusion in Coronary Bifurcation interVEntion) score in unprotected left main (LM) bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

The V‐RESOLVE score is a validated score system, based on visual estimation of angiographic data, for prediction of the risk of SB occlusion after main vessel (MV) stenting in non‐LM bifurcation lesions. However, its predictive value for unprotected LM bifurcation lesions remains to be validated.

Methods

From January 2014 to December 2016, 855 patients undergoing unprotected LM bifurcation PCI using a provisional strategy were included. Baseline and prestenting angiographic data were analyzed, and the V‐RESOLVE score was calculated. SB occlusion was defined as any decrease in thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade or the absence of flow in the SB after MV stenting. The predictive performance of the V‐RESOLVE score was judged by discrimination, calibration, and clinical application.

Results

vSB occlusion occurred in 19 (2.2%) of 855 unprotected LM bifurcation PCI procedures using a provisional strategy. The V‐RESOLVE score for SB occlusion had brilliant discrimination (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–0.84) and good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow: p = 0.154). Stratified by the V‐RESOLVE score, significantly higher rates of SB occlusion were observed in the high‐risk group (score: 12–43) compared with the nonhigh‐risk group (score: 0–11) (4.4% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The V‐RESOLVE score is a promising tool to predict the risk of SB occlusion and facilitate decision‐making for unprotected LM bifurcation PCI.
Improvement of cardiac function after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery reduces the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury
Authors: Xu Jiarui , Chen Xin , Xie Yeqing , Lin Jing , Jiang Wuhua , Yu Jiawei , Wang Yimei , Luo Zhe , Wang Chunsheng , Ding Xiaoqiang , Teng Jie , Shen Bo
Published: January 2022

Background

Pre‐existing renal dysfunction is an independent risk factor for cardiac surgery‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to investigate whether the improvement of postoperative cardiac function after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery would affect the risk of AKI in patients with different levels of baseline renal function.

Methods

Data were collected from patients who underwent CABG surgery from January 2018 to April 2019. Patients were divided into normal (GFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2), non‐CKD (60≤GFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2), and CKD (GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) groups. Improvement in cardiac function was defined as △LVEF (postoperative LVEF–preoperative LVEF) ≥ 10% preoperative LVEF. Patients were further divided into subgroups according to postoperative cardiac function improvement.

Results

A total of 1365 patients were enrolled, including 793 (58.1%) in the normal group, 476 (34.9%) in the non‐CKD group, and 96 (7.0%) in the CKD group. The AKI incidence in the normal, non‐CKD, and CKD groups was 22.2%, 28.4%, and 40.6%, respectively. Patients with improved cardiac function in the non‐CKD and CKD groups had significantly lower AKI incidence than those without improved cardiac function (22.8% vs. 36.9%, p = .002% and 32.8% vs. 54.3%, p = .037, respectively). For non‐CKD patients with improved cardiac function, the serum creatinine at discharge was significantly lower than its preoperative serum creatinine (0.8 ± 0.5 vs 1.2 ± 0.9 mg/dl, p = .002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the improvement in cardiac function could reduce the risk for postoperative AKI in non‐CKD patients but not in CKD patients.

Conclusions

For patients with renal dysfunction and mildly reduced eGFR (60≤GFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2), improved cardiac function after CABG surgery can reduce the serum creatinine level and reduce the risk for postoperative AKI.
Surrogate‐based Bayesian calibration of biomechanical models with isotropic material behavior
Authors: Römer Ulrich , Liu Jintian , Böl Markus
Published: January 2022

This work introduces a computational methodology to calibrate material models in biomechanical applications under uncertainty. We adopt a Bayesian approach, which estimates the probability distributions of hyperelastic material parameters, based on force‐strain measurements. We approximate the parametric biomechanical model by combining a reduced order representation of the force response with a Polynomial Chaos expansion. The surrogate model allows to employ sampling‐intensive Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and provides an efficient way to estimate (generalized) Sobol coefficients. We use a Sobol sensitivity analysis to assess the influence of material parameters and present an iterative procedure to quantify the accuracy of the surrogate model as additional uncertainty during Bayesian updating. The methodology is illustrated with three cases, tensile experiments on heat‐induced whey protein gel, indentation experiments for oocytes and a manufactured example. Real experimental data are used for the calibration.
Quantitative measurement of IgG to SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens using monoclonal antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays
Authors: Sander Ingrid , Kespohl Sabine , Zahradnik Eva , Göcke Philipp , Hosbach Ingolf , Herrmann Burkhard L , Brüning Thomas , Raulf Monika
Published: January 2022

Objective

Standardised quantitative analysis of the humoral immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens may be useful for estimating the extent and duration of immunity. The aim was to develop enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the quantification of human IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens.

Methods

Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were developed based on monoclonal antibodies against human IgG and recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens (Spike‐S1 and Nucleocapsid). The WHO 67/086 immunoglobulin and WHO 20/136 SARS‐CoV‐2 references were used for standardisation. Sera of a study group of COVID‐19‐positive subjects (n = 144), pre‐pandemic controls (n = 135) and individuals vaccinated with BioNTech–Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine (n = 48) were analysed. The study group sera were also tested using EuroImmun SARS‐CoV‐2‐ELISAs and a quantitative S1‐specific fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) from Thermo Fisher.

Results

The ELISA results were repeatable and traceable to international units because of their parallelism to both WHO references. In the study group, median anti‐S1‐IgG concentrations were 102 BAU mL−1, compared to 100 and 1457 BAU mL−1 in the vaccination group after first and second vaccination, respectively. The ELISAs achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.965 (S1) and 0.955 (Nucleocapsid) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and a specificity of 1 (S1) and 0.963 (Nucleocapsid) and sensitivity of 0.903 (S1) and 0.833 (Nucleocapsid) at the maximum Youden index. In comparison, the commercial assays (S1‐FEIA, S1 and Nucleocapsid ELISA EuroImmun) achieved sensitivities of 0.764, 0.875 and 0.882 in the study group, respectively.

Conclusions

The quantitative ELISAs to measure IgG binding to SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens have good analytical and clinical performance characteristics and units traceable to international standards.
Art and cultural activity engagement and depressive symptom onset among older adults: A longitudinal study from the Japanese Gerontological Evaluation Study
Authors: Noguchi Taiji , Ishihara Masumi , Murata Chiyoe , Nakagawa Takeshi , Komatsu Ayane , Kondo Katsunori , Saito Tami
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Art and cultural activities can benefit mental health. However, there is insufficient evidence on active engagement in art and cultural activities for preventing depressive symptoms among older adults. Therefore, we examined the association of active engagement in art and cultural activities with depressive symptom onset among older adults using 3‐year longitudinal data.

Methods

This longitudinal study recruited non‐institutionalised older adults independent in daily living from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) established in 2010, and those without depressive symptoms were followed for three years. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale. Active engagement in nine art and cultural activities, including Japanese traditional cultural activities, were evaluated (musical performance, singing, dancing, handicrafts, painting, photography, poetry composition, calligraphy, and tea ceremony/flower arrangement).

Results

Ultimately, 37,627 older adults without depressive symptoms at baseline were analysed. The participants' mean age (standard deviation) was 72.6 (5.5) years, and 51.5% were female. During the follow‐up period, depressive symptoms occurred in 3844 participants (10.2%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that active engagement in art and cultural activities was inversely associated with depressive symptom onset (odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.73–0.87, p < 0.001). This association was confirmed regardless of age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Among the activities, especially dancing and photography were protective against depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Active engagement in art and cultural activities may contribute to preventing depressive symptoms among older adults. Promoting art and cultural engagement could be important to protect their mental health.
Assessment of curbside anticoagulation pharmacy visits on clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction
Authors: Juodvalkis Alana , West Kacey , Eash Toni , Foster Todd , Bentfield Brad
Published: January 2022

Introduction

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, curbside international normalized ratio (INR) checks were implemented to monitor patients on warfarin therapy. Because of the lack of available data, clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction were assessed to determine if the implementation of curbside visits could be considered as an alternative to the standard of care.

Objectives

The objectives were to assess clinical outcomes, safety, and patient satisfaction in a patient cohort whose anticoagulation was managed inside the clinic in 2019 compared with the same patients managed in the curbside setting in 2020.

Methods

In this retrospective study, INR time in therapeutic range (TTR) was used as a marker for clinical appropriateness of anticoagulation therapy. Data were also prospectively collected in the form of patient satisfaction surveys. Adverse events and hospitalizations were assessed to ensure patient safety was not omitted.

Results

The median TTR in 2019 was significantly higher than in 2020, 95.7% (interquartile range [IQR] 33.3%) vs 84.3% (IQR 45.2%) (z = −3.99, P < .001). Clinically, the mean TTR remained higher in 2019 than in 2020 (81.3% vs 74.7%). Less patients experienced bleeding events in 2020, and there was an average of 1 less visit per patient in 2020 compared with 2019. Surveys indicated that more patients would like their visits to occur inside the clinic if there were no concerns for a pandemic.

Conclusion

Anticoagulation management assessed by TTR was significantly lower in the 2020 time frame compared with 2019; however, the average TTR in both time frames was above the clinically accepted threshold of adequate anticoagulation control. Patients demonstrated favor toward in‐person visits unless there were concerns for a pandemic. If needed, curbside visits could be considered in the future at this site; however, more studies would need to be done to assess the impact of curbside visits at other institutions.
Prioritization of Genes Relevant to Bone Fragility Through the Unbiased Integration of Aging Mouse Bone Transcriptomics and Human GWAS Analyses
Authors: Kaya Serra , Schurman Charles A , Dole Neha S , Evans Daniel S , Alliston Tamara
Published: January 2022

Identifying new genetic determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture promises to yield improved diagnostics and therapies for bone fragility. However, prioritizing candidate genes from genome-wide screens can be challenging. To overcome this challenge, we prioritized mouse genes that are differentially expressed in aging mouse bone based on whether their human homolog is associated with human BMD and/or fracture. Unbiased RNA-seq analysis of young and old male C57BL/6 mouse cortical bone identified 1499, 1685, and 5525 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 1, 2, and 2.5-year-old bone, relative to 2-month-old bone, respectively. Gene-based scores for heel ultrasound bone mineral density (eBMD) and fracture were estimated using published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) results of these traits in the UK Biobank. Enrichment analysis showed that mouse bone DEG sets for all three age groups, relative to young bone, are significantly enriched for eBMD, but only the oldest two DEG sets are enriched for fracture. Using gene-based scores, this approach prioritizes among thousands of DEGs by a factor of 5- to 100-fold, yielding 10 and 21 genes significantly associated with fracture in the two oldest groups of mouse DEGs. Though these genes were not the most differentially expressed, they included Sost, Lrp5, and others with well-established functions in bone. Several others have, as yet, unknown roles in the skeleton. Therefore, this study accelerates identification of new genetic determinants of bone fragility by prioritizing a clinically relevant and experimentally tractable number of candidate genes for functional analysis. Finally, we provide a website (www.mouse2human.org) to enable other researchers to easily apply our strategy. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bone Microarchitecture and Strength in Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sewing Lilian , Potasso Laura , Baumann Sandra , Schenk Denis , Gazozcu Furkan , Lippuner Kurt , Kraenzlin Marius , Zysset Philippe , Meier Christian
Published: January 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with an increased fracture risk, specifically at nonvertebral sites. The influence of glycemic control and microvascular disease on skeletal health in long-standing T1DM remains largely unknown. We aimed to assess areal (aBMD) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone microarchitecture, bone turnover, and estimated bone strength in patients with long-standing T1DM, defined as disease duration ≥25 years. We recruited 59 patients with T1DM (disease duration 37.7 ± 9.0 years; age 59.9 ± 9.9 years.; body mass index [BMI] 25.5 ± 3.7 kg/m2; 5-year median glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 7.1% [IQR 6.82–7.40]) and 77 nondiabetic controls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) at the ultradistal radius and tibia, and biochemical markers of bone turnover were assessed. Group comparisons were performed after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI. Patients with T1DM had lower aBMD at the hip (p < 0.001), distal radius (p = 0.01), lumbar spine (p = 0.04), and femoral neck (p = 0.05) as compared to controls. Cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), a marker of bone resorption, was significantly lower in T1DM (p = 0.005). At the distal radius there were no significant differences in vBMD and bone microarchitecture between both groups. In contrast, patients with T1DM had lower cortical thickness (estimate [95% confidence interval]: −0.14 [−0.24, −0.05], p < 0.01) and lower cortical vBMD (−28.66 [−54.38, −2.93], p = 0.03) at the ultradistal tibia. Bone strength and bone stiffness at the tibia, determined by homogenized finite element modeling, were significantly reduced in T1DM compared to controls. Both the altered cortical microarchitecture and decreased bone strength and stiffness were dependent on the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In addition to a reduced aBMD and decreased bone resorption, long-standing, well-controlled T1DM is associated with a cortical bone deficit at the ultradistal tibia with reduced bone strength and stiffness. Diabetic neuropathy was found to be a determinant of cortical bone structure and bone strength at the tibia, potentially contributing to the increased nonvertebral fracture risk. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Dosing Optimization of Sirolimus in Children With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Li SiChan , Zhan Min , Wu SanLan , Liao JianXiang , Xu Hua , Sun Dan , Zhao Xia , Wang Yang
Published: January 2022

Sirolimus is confirmed to be effective in the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and related disorders. The study aims to establish a population pharmacokinetic model of oral sirolimus for children with TSC and provide an evidence‐based approach for individualization of sirolimus dosing in the pediatric population. A total of 64 children were recruited in this multicenter, retrospective pharmacokinetic study. Whole‐blood concentrations of sirolimus, demographic, and clinical information were collected and analyzed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects population modeling method. The final model was internally and externally validated. Then Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate and optimize the dosing regimens. In addition, the efficacy and safety of sirolimus therapy was assessed retrospectively in patients with epilepsy or cardiac rhabdomyomas associated with TSC. Finally, the sirolimus pharmacokinetic profile was described by a 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination along with body weight and total daily dose as significant covariates. The typical population parameter estimates of apparent volume of distribution and apparent clearance were 69.48 L and 2.79 L/h, respectively. Simulations demonstrated that dosage regimens stratified by body surface area may be more appropriate for children with TSC. These findings could be used to inform individualized dosing strategies of sirolimus for pediatric patients with TSC.
Design and synthesis novel amide derivatives containing an 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety as potential antibacterial agents
Authors: Chen Yifang , Luo Xin , Wang Yu , Xing Zhifu , Chen Jixiang
Published: January 2022

To find new antibacterial agents, 25 novel amide derivatives containing an 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety were designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) were tested. Interestingly, all target compounds showed excellent antibacterial activities against Xoc and Xoo. The EC50 values of compounds 1–25 against Xoc and Xoo were 1.2–4.0 mg/L and 0.5–2.3 mg/L, respectively, which were significantly superior to those of the thiodiazole copper (95.1 and 89.0 mg/L) and bismerthhibol (73.8 and 68.8 mg/L). For example, the EC50 values of compound 16 against Xoc and Xoo were 1.7 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the curative and protection activity of compound 16 against rice bacterial leaf blight were 42.4% and 42.1%, respectively, which were superior to the control of jiahuangxianjunzuo (34.1% and 32.6%) and thiodiazole copper (33.0% and 27.1%). In addition, compound 16 might suppress the cell growth of Xoo by inhibiting the production of extracellular polysaccharide, the formation of biofilm, changes the cell membrane permeability, and cell surface morphology.
Cranial osteology of Hypoptophis (Aparallactinae: Atractaspididae: Caenophidia), with a discussion on the evolution of its fossorial adaptations
Authors: Das Sunandan , Brecko Jonathan , Pauwels Olivier S. G. , Merilä Juha
Published: January 2022

Fossoriality evolved early in snakes, and has left its signature on the cranial morphology of many extinct Mesozoic and early Caenozoic forms. Knowledge of the cranial osteology of extant snakes is indispensable for associating the crania of extinct lineages with a particular mode of life; this applies to fossorial taxa as well. In the present work, we provide a detailed description of the cranium of Hypoptophis wilsonii, a member of the subfamily Aparallactinae, using micro‐computed tomography (CT). This is also the first thorough micro‐CT‐based description of any snake assigned to this African subfamily of predominantly mildly venomous, fossorial, and elusive snakes. The cranium of Hypoptophis is adapted for a fossorial lifestyle, with increased consolidation of skull bones. Aparallactines show a tendency toward reduction of maxillary length by bringing the rear fangs forward. This development attains its pinnacle in the sister subfamily Atractaspidinae, in which the rear fang has become the “front fang” by a loss of the part of the maxilla lying ahead of the fang. These dentitional changes likely reflect adaptation to subdue prey in snug burrows. An endocast of the inner ear of Hypoptophis shows that this genus has the inner ear typical of fossorial snakes, with a large, globular sacculus. A phylogenetic analysis based on morphology recovers Hypoptophis as a sister taxon to Aparallactus. We also discuss the implications of our observations on the burrowing origin hypothesis of snakes.
Cachaça fermentation biomass as an ingredient in oregano sticks
Authors: Lima Pâmela Cristina , Biz Ana Paula , Bertolo Angélica Patrícia , Bagatini Lucíola , Rigo Elisandra , Cavalheiro Darlene
Published: January 2022

Background

Waste from the production of cachaça is often discarded. However, studies report that fermentation yeasts and their derivatives have high protein content, and they are rich in minerals and B‐complex vitamins. Also, research has been shown that the addition of the spent yeast to food leads to a significant increase in nutritional value. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the use of yeast biomass from cachaça production in snack food.

Results

Physical–chemical characterization of yeast biomass confirmed that cell autolysis significantly changed the chemical composition and color of the samples. Concerning the oregano sticks, the addition of natural biomass and autolyzed biomass also significantly modified the proximate composition. Moreover, the acceptability test showed that the addition of autolyzed biomass as an ingredient in the stick formulation obtained the highest acceptance index by the panelists.

Conclusion

The addition of 10% yeast biomass from cachaça in the formulation of oregano sticks led to an increase of 14% on the protein content. Besides, the use of yeast biomass also presented a good acceptance by the panelists during sensorial analysis. Therefore, this work found that the addition of yeast biomass from cachaça fermentation process has the potential to be used as an ingredient in food formulation.