bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MiR-1202 promotes cell migration and tumor metastasis in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Shang Lingyue , Wang Yingming , Li Quanlin , Xu Meidong , Niu Weixin , Xie Wenjuan , Lou Huiling , Qiao Shouyi , Hu Jianwei
Published: October 2019

Introduction : Tumor metastasis significantly impacts the survival rate of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Increasing evidence has suggested that numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with tumor metastasis and could be potential candidate cancer biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods : Early GC cases were collected and divided into two groups according to the lymphatic metastasis (LM) situation. The microarray analysis was carried out to screen out differentially expressed miRNAs in the two groups, which were further evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The roles of miR-1202 on GC cells were determined through cell growth assay, cell migration assay in vitro and pulmonary metastasis assay in the mouse model. Bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the potential mechanisms of miR-1202-mediated biological effects. Results : MiR-1202 was first identified to be the most differentially expressed miRNA in GC patients with metastasis and those without metastasis. The overexpression of miR-1202 promoted GC cell migration in vivo whereas the knockdown of miR-1202 suppressed this process. However, miR-1202 did not affect GC cell growth or cell cycle distribution. The overexpression of miR-1202 promoted pulmonary metastasis and colonization after the tail-vein injection of GC cells. Pathways related to cell adhesion, collagen fibril organization, and positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade might be involved in miR-1202-mediated biological effects. Conclusion : Our results demonstrated a positive role of miR-1202 in regulating GC cell metastasis. MiR-1202 might be developed as a novel biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for GC metastasis.
Access to CKD Care in Rural Communities of India: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators
Authors: Jafar Tazeen , Ramakrishnan Chandrika , John Oommen , Tewari Abha , Cobb Benjamin , Legido-Quigley Helena , Sungwon Yoon , Jha Vivekanand
Published: October 2019

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a public health challenge globally, especially in lower- and middle- income countries. The implications of adverse social and economic consequences of CKD are particularly grave in a populous country like India where CKD risk factors like diabetes and hypertension are widely prevalent. Although with early detection and timely initiation of interventions CKD progression can be slowed, huge knowledge-practice gap exists. Moreover, factors that influence access to CKD care at the community level have not been studied previously. This study aimed to explore the experiences and views of key stakeholders to identify factors that influence access to CKD care in rural India. We also sought to discern the current practices and preparedness for CKD, understand the facilitators and barriers to CKD care, and feasibility and acceptability of mobile-technology based clinical decision support system (mCDSS) for CKD care in primary care.Methods Using 15 in-depth interviews and one focus group discussion (n=6), we aimed to explore the experiences and views of different stakeholdres from primary healthcare system in rural India. We employed Lévesque’s framework for access to care, and inductive and deductive approaches in the analysis. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using QSR nVivio 11, coding and thematic analysis was undertaken.Results Our study identified barriers in relation to access to CKD care in rural India. Fore most among them was poor knowledge and lack of awareness to CKD among patients as well as primary care physicians. Health system-level barriers like shortages of skilled healthcare professionals and medicines, fragmented referrals pathways with inadequate follow up care were identified. Increasing awareness of CKD among healthcare providers and patients, provision of CKD related supplies, and a system-level approach to care coordination were key facilitators.Conclusions Lack of awareness and knowledge on CKD among primary care providers and patients, and unprepared primary care infrastructure are key barriers for access to CKD care in rural India. There is an urgent need to raise CKD awareness among primary care physicians and patients, improve supplies for diagnostics and medications, and create efficient referral pathways for CKD in primary care.
Physiological Contributors to Early Season Whole‐Crop Vigor in Cotton
Authors: Virk Gurpreet , Snider John L , Pilon Cristiane
Published: October 2019

Cultivar and early growth conditions are known to influence seedling vigor in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. andGossypium barbadenseL.). What has not been explored fully is the relative importance of physiological contributors to early season, whole‐crop growth under field conditions. It was hypothesized that variability in early season crop growth will be associated, to varying degrees, with leaf area development and whole‐canopy net assimilation rate (NAR). To test this hypothesis, three cultivars with anticipated differences in seedling vigor were planted in 2017 and 2018 on three different dates each year to generate differences in early season crop growth. For crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) there was a significant interaction between cultivar and planting date in both years. In 2017, only planting date significantly affected NAR, but in 2018, planting date and cultivar main effects were observed for NAR. When considered across both years, variability in early crop growth, whether driven by cultivar or planting date, was strongly and positively associated with LAI, but only weakly associated with NAR. High early season LAI and CGR were also positively correlated with leaf area per plant but not leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, or leaf fraction. Thus, vigorous whole‐crop growth in the early season is more dependent on leaf area development than specific leaf activity.
Impact of Slope Inclination on Salt Accumulation Due to Bare Soil Evaporation
Authors: Nachshon Uri , Baharier Bea , Ogungbile Abraham , Katzir Roee
Published: October 2019

While studies on salt precipitation over porous media due to evaporation have typically focused on horizontal and flat evaporating surface conditions, in reality, many evaporating surfaces are far from horizontal. In natural systems, agricultural environments, manmade structures and many other setups, evaporation from inclined surfaces is very common. Herein, the nature of solute transport and salt precipitation on inclined surfaces is discussed, and field measurements and laboratory experiments shed new light on the complex processes of salt dynamics over inclined, evaporating surfaces. Inclination of the evaporating surface was found to affect the location of the salt precipitation and the degree of salinity along the slope. For slopes of low‐inclination, salt precipitation was uniform along the slope; as inclination increased, the lower parts of the slope remained relatively free of salt, while salt precipitation occurred in its upper parts. This was explained by a conceptual model suggesting that changes in slope inclination result in different pressure‐head gradients along the slope, leading to different flow paths and velocities of the capillary water parallel to the evaporation front. Consequently, different solute‐transport processes develop over slopes with different inclinations.
Spatial Fingerprinting of Biogenic and Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in an Arid Unsaturated Zone
Authors: Green Christopher T. , Luo Wentai , Conaway Christopher H. , Haase Karl B. , Baker Ronald J. , Andraski Brian J.
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas

17 years of VOC data show variations around and far from a mixed‐waste landfill.

Principal components analysis fingerprints landfill and ambient VOCs.

Biogenic VOCs occur throughout the deep unsaturated zone and outnumber landfill VOCs.

Anthropogenic and biogenic sources at a single site complicate analysis of VOC transport.

Subsurface volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can pose risks to human and environmental health and mediate biological processes. Volatile organic compounds have both anthropogenic and biogenic origins, but the relative importance of these sources has not been explored in subsurface environments. This study synthesized 17 yr of VOC data from the Amargosa Desert Research Site in Nevada with the goal of improving understanding of spatial and temporal variations that distinguish sources of VOCs from a landfill and from ambient sources including biogenic VOCs (bVOCs). Gas samples were collected from 1999 to 2016 from an array of shallow sample points (0.5‐ and 1.5‐m depth) and from vertical profiles at three deep boreholes: two (109 m deep) near the border of a waste facility (33 and 100 m distant), and one (29 m deep) in a remote area 3 km to the south. Samples were analyzed for target VOCs and a subset was analyzed for non‐target VOCs to enumerate a greater variety of potential bVOCs. Principal components analysis of the target and non‐target VOCs provided an assessment of the spatial variability of VOCs originating from the landfill site and from ambient sources. Ambient VOCs occurred at all sample sites across a range of depths, and most were consistent with biogenic origins, indicating for the first time the presence of bVOCs in the deep unsaturated zone. Because some VOCs have both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, discrimination of sources can be important for estimating the extent and migration of anthropogenic plumes in arid unsaturated zones.
Economia Criativa e Inovação Social: uma análise a partir de uma comunidade de artesãos cearenses
Authors: Gallas Juliana Cristina , Pimenta Alcineide Aguiar , Gonçalo Claudio Reis , Rodrigues Renato Buchele
Published: October 2019

A Economia Criativa ganha força por promover vantagens competitivas através da criatividade e de características culturais próprias de uma região. Uma das áreas da Economia Criativa é o artesanato, reconhecido como meio de manifestação cultural e criativa. Considerando que este tipo de economia baseia-se em ativos criativos, que estimulam a geração de emprego e renda, a exportação de ganhos e conhecimento e promove a inclusão social, esse trabalho visa analisar como a Economia Criativa gera Inovação Social por meio do artesanato. Definiu-se como objeto de estudo empírico um grupo de artesãos cearenses. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de caso, com a realização de entrevistas e observações diretas. Foi entrevistado o artesão líder da comunidade e uma analista do SEBRAE. Os resultados revelaram que a Economia Criativa está diretamente ligada às atividades que implementam em seus processos a criatividade, tornando-os um modelo de negócio diferenciado. O artesanato desenvolvido por este grupo tem a participação de todos os artesãos e o resultado se transforma em ganhos coletivos para a região. Com base nos dados coletados, constatou-se que o modelo de organização dos artesãos se qualifica como um negócio criativo e gera Inovação Social para a comunidade.
Racionalidades e Complexidades em Planejamento e Gestão de Projetos
Authors: Desconsi Cristiano
Published: October 2019

As últimas décadas foram marcadas pela emergência das teorias da complexidade e, paralelamente, pela construção das abordagens territoriais do desenvolvimento, processo que colocou em questão o desafio de repensar os procedimentos mais comuns utilizados na área de planejamento e gestão de projetos construídos segundo os pressupostos da racionalidade científica. Situado nessa temática, esse artigo reflete sobre a relação entre a racionalização do processo de planejamento e gestão de projetos e a complexidade do desenvolvimento territorial. Para tal, faz uso da análise bibliográfica associado ao exame de alguns elementos de experiências com projetos de crédito rural a agricultores familiares e projetos sociais que fazem uso do Quadro Lógico como instrumento de planejamento e gestão. O texto sugere, por essa via, que existem possibilidades de aprimoramento dos procedimentos e técnicas racionais de planejamento e gestão de projetos para o trabalho em realidades complexas expressas nos territórios, quando se rompe com a unilinearidade das ações interventivas e se assumem novas práticas de construção do conhecimento.
Anti-Diabetic and Angio-Protective Effect of Guluronic Acid (G2013) as a New Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Experimental Model of Diabetes
Authors: Mortazavi-Jahromi Seyed S. , Alizadeh Shahab , Javanbakht Mohammad H. , Mirshafiey Abbas
Published: October 2019

Background:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of guluronic acid (G2013) on blood
sugar, insulin, and gene expression profile of oxLDL receptors (SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and CD68) in
the experimental model of diabetes.

Methods:

18 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups of healthy control, diabetic
control, and G2013 group. Diabetes was induced through intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 60 mg/kg
streptozotocin. The subjects were IP treated with 25 mg/kg of G2013 per day for 28 days. The body
weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured. In addition, the expression of
mentioned genes was investigated through quantitative real-time PCR.

Results:

The data showed that the final weight increased significantly in the G2013-treated subjects
compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). The results indicated that final food intake significantly
reduced in the G2013-treated subjects compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). The study findings
also suggested that the final fasting blood glucose significantly reduced in the G2013-treated group,
whereas the final fasting serum insulin level significantly increased in this group compared to the diabetic
control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the gene expression levels of SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and CD68 in
the G2013 group significantly reduced compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study showed that G2013, could reduce blood glucose and increase insulin levels
and reduce the gene expression level of oxLDL receptors. In addition, it may probably play an important
role in reducing the severity of diabetes-induced inflammatory symptoms.
The Utility of Lipids as Nanocarriers and Suitable Vehicle in Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery
Authors: Chime Salome A. , Akpa Paul A. , Attama Anthony A.
Published: October 2019

Lipid based excipients have gained popularity recently in the formulation of drugs in order to improve their pharmacokinetic profiles. For drugs belonging to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II and IV, lipid excipients play vital roles in improving their pharmacokinetics properties. Various nanocarriers viz: Solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, selfnanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), nanoliposomes and liquid crystal nanoparticles have been employed as delivery systems for such drugs with evident successes. Lipid-based nanotechnology have been used to control the release of drugs and have utility for drug targeting and hence, have been used for the delivery of various anticancer drugs and for colon targeting. Drugs encapsulated in lipids have enhanced stability due to the protection they enjoy in the lipid core of these nanoformulations. However, lipid excipients could be influenced by factors which could affect the physicochemical properties of lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDS). These factors include the liquid crystalline phase transition, lipid crystallization and polymorphism amongst others. However, some of the physicochemical properties of lipids made them useful as nanocarriers in the formulation of various nanoformulations. Lipids form vesicles of bilayer which have been used to deliver drugs and are often referred to as liposomes and nanoliposomes. This work aims at reviewing the different classes of lipid excipients used in formulating LBDDS and nanoformulations. Also, some factors that influence the properties of lipids, different polymorphic forms in lipid excipients that made them effective nanocarriers in nano-drug delivery would be discussed. Special considerations in selecting lipid excipients used in formulating various forms of nanoformulations would be discussed.
Trends and Visibility of “Digital Health” as a Keyword in Articles by JMIR Publications in the New Millennium: Bibliographic-Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ahmadvand Alireza , Kavanagh David , Clark Michele , Drennan Judy , Nissen Lisa
Published: October 2019

Background

Digital health has become an advancing phenomenon in the health care systems of modern societies. Over the past two decades, various digital health options, technologies, and innovations have been introduced; many of them are still being investigated and evaluated by researchers all around the globe. However, the actual trends and visibility of peer-reviewed publications using “digital health” as a keyword to reflect the topic, published by major relevant journals, still remain to be quantified.

Objective

This study aimed to conduct a bibliographic-bibliometric analysis on articles published in JMIR Publications journals that used “digital health” as a keyword. We evaluated the trends, topics, and citations of these research publications to identify the important share and contribution of JMIR Publications journals in publishing articles on digital health.

Methods

All JMIR Publications journals were searched to find articles in English, published between January 2000 and August 2019, in which the authors focused on, utilized, or discussed digital health in their study and used “digital health” as a keyword. In addition, a bibliographic-bibliometric analysis was conducted using the freely available Profiles Research Networking Software by the Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center.

Results

Out of 1797 articles having “digital health” as a keyword, published mostly between 2016 and 2019, 277 articles (32.3%) were published by JMIR Publications journals, mainly in the Journal of Medical Internet Research. The most frequently used keyword for the topic was “mHealth.” The average number of times an article had been cited, including self-citations, was above 2.8.

Conclusions

The reflection of “digital health” as a keyword in JMIR Publications journals has increased noticeably over the past few years. To maintain this momentum, more regular bibliographic and bibliometric analyses will be needed. This would encourage authors to consider publishing their articles in relevant, high-visibility journals and help these journals expand their supportive publication policies and become more inclusive of digital health.
The Reconnecting the Hand and Arm with Brain (ReHAB) Commentary on “An Integrated Brain-Machine Interface Platform With Thousands of Channels”
Authors: Kirsch Robert F , Ajiboye A Bolu , Miller Jonathan P
Published: October 2019

Intracortical brain-machine interfaces are a promising technology for allowing people with chronic and severe neurological disorders that resulted in loss of function to potentially regain those functions through neuroprosthetic devices. The penetrating microelectrode arrays used in almost all previous studies of intracortical brain-machine interfaces in people had a limited recording life (potentially due to issues with long-term biocompatibility), as well as a limited number of recording electrodes with limited distribution in the brain. Significant advances are required in this array interface to deal with the issues of long-term biocompatibility and lack of distributed recordings. The Musk and Neuralink manuscript proposes a novel and potentially disruptive approach to advancing the brain-electrode interface technology, with the potential of addressing many of these hurdles. Our commentary addresses the potential advantages of the proposed approach, as well as the remaining challenges to be addressed.
Perspectives of Nurses and Doulas on the Use of Information and Communication Technology in Intercultural Pediatric Care: Qualitative Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Berbyuk Lindström Nataliya , Rodríguez Pozo Rocío
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Sweden is rapidly becoming an increasingly multicultural and digitalized society. Encounters between pediatric nurses and migrant mothers, who are often primary caregivers, are impeded by language problems and cultural differences. To support mothers, doulas, who are women having the same linguistic and cultural backgrounds, serve as cultural bridges in interactions with health care professionals. In addition, information and communication technology (ICT) can potentially be used to manage interactions owing to its accessibility.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of ICT in managing communicative challenges related to language problems and cultural differences in encounters with migrant mothers from the perspectives of Swedish pediatric nurses and doulas.

METHODS

Deep semistructured interviews with five pediatric nurses and four doulas from a migrant-dense urban area in western Sweden were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis.

RESULTS

The results showed that ICT contributes to mitigating communicative challenges in interactions by providing opportunities for nurses and migrant mothers to receive distance interpreting via telephones and to themselves interpret using language translation apps. Using images and films from the internet is especially beneficial while discussing complex and culturally sensitive issues to complement or substitute verbal messages. These findings suggest that ICT helps enable migrant mothers to play a more active role in interactions with health care professionals. This has important implications for their involvement in other areas, such as child care, language learning, and integration in Sweden.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study suggest that ICT can be a bridging tool between health care professionals and migrants. The advantages and disadvantages of translation tools should be discussed to ensure that quality communication occurs in health care interactions and that health information is accessible. This study also suggests the development of targeted multimodal digital support, including pictorial and video resources, for pediatric care services.
Метод ренормализационной группы: улучшение модели Сена-Бассера для белого вещества мозга
Authors: Познанский О.П.
Published: October 2019

Разработан метод ренормализационной группы для исследования влияния большого разброса геометрических и физических микропараметров на эффективный коэффициент диффузии. Основной элемент метода – перенормировка структурных параметров от микро- до миллиметрового масштаба случайной геометрии многокомпонентного белого вещества головного мозга. Подход улучшает модель Сена-Бассера для белого вещества мозга благодаря учету влияния беспорядка, позволяет количественно исследовать чувствительность эффективного коэффициента диффузии к вариациям доминирующего набора микропараметров.
Развитие инструментальных методов бионаноскопии
Authors: Яминский И.В. , Ахметова А.И. , Мешков Г.Б.
Published: October 2019

Основными тенденциями развития сканирующей зондовой микроскопии за три десятилетия ее существования можно назвать развитие инструментальной части (перенос макроскопических методик измерений на микро- и наномасштабы), широкое проникновение сканирующей зондовой микроскопии в различные области науки и технологии – физику, химию, биологию, медицину, материаловедение, геологию. Эти тенденции идут рука об руку, их развитие зависит и от развития методик проведения исследований, включающих приготовление образца и подложки, выбор режима работы микроскопа, обработку, анализ и интерпретацию полученных данных.
Фемтоскан, 3D-биопечать, нанохирургия и биочипы: в преддверии научного и технологического прорыва.
Authors: Яминский И.В.
Published: October 2019

Смена технологических укладов ознамено-
валась переходом к нанотехнологическому
уровню исследования веществ, в том числе
и биологической материи, развитием тех-
нологий строительства на уровне биома-
кромолекул, созданием интеллектуальных
биочипов и инструментов для нанохирур-
гии, прецизионной обработки материалов
с нанометровой точностью. Сканирующая
зондовая микроскопия в совокупности с
родственными методами превратила изуче-
ние тайн жизни в увлекательные исследо-
вания, закладывающие основы грядущего
научного и технологического прорыва.
Своими мыслями, идеями и историей раз-
вития цифровой наноскопии делится доктор
физико-математических наук, профессор
МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова, генеральный
директор Центра перспективных технологий
Игорь Владимирович Яминский.
CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA AS A SPECIAL FORM OF LOCATIO-CONDUCTIO OPERIS FACIENDI IN ROMAN LAW
Authors: Ignjatović Marija
Published: October 2019

Carriage of goods by sea, as a special form of locatio-conductio operis faciendi contract, is becoming particularly interesting in Roman law in social surroundings in the period after Punic wars. That was the period when the Roman state expanded, and the maritime trade developed, which demanded rapid and effective conclusion of legal affairs. With uprising of maritime trade, there was a need for the existence of legal means, which would help meet the increasingly demanding trade of goods. This led to the creation of contract of carriage of goods by sea, which in Roman law was a specific form of locatio-conductio, specifically locatio-conductio operis faciendi. For the conclusion and validity of this contract, in addition to the agreement between the contracting parties, it was also necessary that the conditions regarding the subject of the contract were fulfilled. The subject of this contract was not work itself or workforce, but the final result of work (opus), ie. to transport goods from one place to another, and a fee (merces) paid for such services.
EUGENICS
Authors: Stojanović Marija
Published: October 2019

Eugenics is a pseudoscience aimed at improving and controlling the genetic structure of the human species by selective breeding, which implies preventing inferior people from having children (negative eugenics) and encouraging superior ones to reproduce (positive eugenics). The Eugenics movement originated in the early 19th century and it was largely developed under the influence of Francis Galton in the United Kingdom and Charles Davenport in the United States. These two scientists advocated the selective breeding of desirable traits and reproductive control of undesirable traits in the human race. Racially-oriented eugenics had a dramatic expansion and its peak in Nazi Germany. Being the essence of many racial laws, eugenics was atrociously applied in practice by means of mass euthanasia, mass sterilization, extermination in gas chambers, and horrible experiments on people of lower races or those unworthy of living.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COURTS AND MEDIA
Authors: Dimovski Darko , Popović Knežević Iva , Vujičić Miša
Published: October 2019

Judicial authorities have the difficult task to deal with the undermined public confidence in the judiciary and to reverse this trend in favor of a general appreciation of their work by citizens. Announced judicial reform which failed, the internal problems of the judiciary, as well as tabloidization by the media that create an unfavorable environment are the causes that have led to people doubting the achievements of justice and fairness conducted by the judicial authorities. Representatives of the judiciary can change such an image only with an active, not a passive attitude towards this problem. Reticence of the judiciary is not a good way to change the unfavorable picture of their work to the desired level. Consistent implementation of the principles of the publicity, demystification of the work of the judiciary, openness towards the media, is the path that leads to the establishment of trust in the work of the judiciary. Constant communication between representatives of the judiciary and journalists, in which it eliminates any doubt that the prosecution and the courts "are hiding something" is a necessity, not just a requirement. In particular, the authors point to the delicate boundary between the justified public's interests in knowing and the abuse of freedom of expression "up to the line" through which the right of the others would be violated. In this paper we point out the causes of the unfavorable environment in question, as well as the obstacles in the communication of courts and media that occur in the everyday work of both.
THE “NEGATIVE” IMPACT OF A GROWING NUMBER OF TOURISTS ON THE SECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLY MARKET IN NIŠ REGION
Authors: Dimitrijević Žarko , Petrović Jelena
Published: October 2019

The improvement of tourism potentials - accommodation capacity, additional content, arts, entertainment and festival programs, development of infrastructure (roads, railways, airports) - is a basic precondition for the increase in the number of tourists. Available data indicate that there has been a significant increase in the number of tourists in the last 10 years. However, the increase in the number of tourists does not correlate with the increase in the production of total electricity. Considering the constant growth of economic activity and increased number of residents, the analyzed data show that the increase in the number of tourists actually has a negative impact on the security of energy supply. In this paper, the authors analyze the available data and point to the need for urgent planning of the security of energy supply, bearing in mind that the results indicate a huge increase in electricity consumption directly caused by the growth of consumers, where the growing number of tourists actually represents a variable that is itself a risk to the security of supply
VIAGENS PELO SUL EM TRÊS TEMPOS
Authors: Dornelles Jonas Kunzler Moreira
Published: October 2019

A literatura do Rio Grande do Sul possui, desde suas origens, exemplos de obras onde a viagem e o deslocamento são mobilizadores da narrativa. No início, o desejo do autor de retratar a “cor local” aproximou as ficções regionais do registro pitoresco e dos costumes. Esta tradição algo romântica sofrerá um abalo, a partir dos elementos naturalistas em Alcides Maya, que mostrará um Sul em vias de extinção. Cyro Martins irá continuar este processo, descrevendo-o em sua conhecida trilogia do “gaúcho a pé”, onde a crise econômica levará o mundo pastoril ao êxodo para as periferias da cidade. Por fim teremos, em Aureliano de Figueiredo Pinto e Dyonélio Machado, autores que buscam retratar o insucesso do processo de modernização em incorporar os habitantes das áreas rurais.
ESCRITORES E ASSASSINOS: OS “HOMENS DE LETRAS” NOS ROMANCES DE GRACILIANO RAMOS
Authors: Hübner Alves Elisa , Bonifácio Leite Carlos Augusto
Published: October 2019

Nos primeiros três romances de Graciliano Ramos encontramos narradores em primeira pessoa com uma importante relação com as letras e a erudição. Nenhum deles, no entanto, poderia ser caracterizado como escritor heroico, inconformado com o mundo, como vários narradores dos romances 1930. Ao invés disso, eles fazem uso do conhecimento como forma de manutenção de poder, seja por uma falsa distinção literária, como o narrador de Caetés, pela imposição violenta, como Paulo Honório em São Bernardo, ou pelo relato de vingança, com a voz de Luís da Silva em Angústia.
A ORIGEM DO ESTRANHAMENTO: PROVOCAÇÕES INTERTEXTUAIS EM EU, TITUBA, FEITICEIRA... NEGRA DE SALEM
Authors: Mora Arthur Katrein
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a origem do estranhamento provocado pela leitura de Eu, Tituba, feiticeira... Negra de Salem (1986), de Maryse Condé. Ambientada no século XVII, o livro trata de Tituba, negra natural da ilha de Barbados e escravizada na América do Norte. Conforme as teorias Leonor Arfuch (2010), Ingedore Koch (2012) e Ritchie Robertson (2009), a análise revela que Eu, Tituba... é, estilisticamente, uma espécie de mock-epic pós-moderno, projetada com o intuito consciente de desafiar os códigos de expectativa do receptor. Uma performance poética que celebra a cultura e a espiritualidade caribenhas, com fortes elementos de fantasia, interpelando temas como racismo, misoginia, a opressão das estruturas coloniais e o apagamento do negro da história.
EDITORIAL ESTUDOS LITERÁRIOS Nº58
Authors: Hoff Patrícia Cristine , Hoff Sara Luiza , Neto de Oliveira Monaretto Valéria
Published: October 2019

EDITORIAL ESTUDOS LITERÁRIOS Nº58
O caminho percorrido por mais uma GEARTEana: a docência e a pesquisa, trajetórias convergentes
Authors: Medeiros Rosana Fachel de
Published: October 2019

Esse artigo apresenta minha caminhada acadêmica e profissional. Nessa trajetória meu engajamento em projetos de pesquisa, vinculados ao grupo de pesquisa GEARTE/UFRGS (Grupo de Pesquisa em Arte e Educação - UFRGS) foi imprescindível para tornar-me uma professora-pesquisadora. O contato com a pesquisa ainda na graduação, como bolsista de Iniciação Científica, a realização do curso de Especialização, do Mestrado e, recentemente, do curso de Doutorado foram momentos de muito aprendizado. As coletas e análises de dados, o estudo de teorias e a produção e publicação de artigos me constituíram como pesquisadora. Desde o meu ingresso como professora da Rede Pública de Ensino na Educação Básica, meu olhar analítico está vinculado a minha prática docente. Nesse texto, conto um pouco dessa trajetória e reitero que, ministrar aulas e pesquisar são ações indissociáveis.
Custo-efetividade de Alentuzumabe vs. Natalizumabe no tratamento de terceira linha da esclerose múltipla remitente recorrente para a saúde suplementar no Brasil
Authors: Nacazume Jessica , Cavalcanti Henrique , Julian Guilherme , F. Ballalai André , Carmo Erico , Bueno Priscila , Monteiro Roberta
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: A esclerose múltipla é uma doença crônica, inflamatória e degenerativa do sistema nervoso central que afeta aproximadamente 2,5 milhões de pessoas no mundo. Cerca de 80% dos casos são classificados no fenótipo ‘remitente recorrente’ (EMRR). Avaliou-se, sob a perspectiva de pagador na saúde suplementar no Brasil, a relação de custo-efetividade do tratamento com alentuzumabe em pacientes de EMRR em 3a linha de tratamento versus natalizumabe, único tratamento disponibilizado na saúde suplementar atualmente. Método: Com auxílio de modelo de Markov, simulou-se, no horizonte temporal de 30 anos, uma coorte de mil pacientes, com parâmetros demográficos baseados em dados do sistema público de saúde do Brasil. Em cada ciclo anual, os pacientes poderiam transitar entre diferentes estados de saúde, mensurados através do escore na Escala Expandida de Estado de Incapacidade (EDSS), além de experienciar surtos e progressão para o tipo secundariamente progressivo. A distribuição da população inicial da coorte por nível de EDSS baseou-se no estudo clínico CARE MS II. Os parâmetros de eficácia relacionados à progressão de incapacidade e taxa de surtos foram selecionados de metanálise de rede, assim como taxas de descontinuação e retratamento, parâmetros de utilidade, segurança e custos da doença foram obtidos de ensaios clínicos e estudos publicados. Custos por dose e administração foram retirados de tabelas de preço oficiais. Resultados: Demonstra-se que alentuzumabe é dominante, acumulando mais QALYs (6.752) por um custo total de tratamento menor (R$ 377,9 milhões) em relação ao natalizumabe (5.652; R$ 432,9 milhões). O tratamento com alentuzumabe apresenta vantagens quanto à eficácia no longo-prazo e efetividade na redução da ocorrência de surtos e hospitalizações. A incerteza paramétrica do modelo foi analisada através de análises de sensibilidade determinística e probabilística. A análise de sensibilidade corrobora os resultados pois, mesmo com a  variação de parâmetros-alvo de incerteza, o alentuzumabe ainda possui 97,8% de probabilidade de ser custo-efetivo versus o natalizumabe, considerando o limiar de 3 PIB per capita. Conclusão: Alentuzumabe é uma nova terapia custo-efetiva, provando ser alternativa economicamente viável. Análises de custo-efetividade como esta são importantes para otimizar a tomada de decisões de gestores do sistema de saúde, tanto públicos como privados.
Jovan Apostolovic, MD, the first Serbian medical doctor - life and work achievements
Authors: Gajic Zoran , Sakac Vladimir , Golubovic Boris , Boskovic Ksenija
Published: October 2019

Jovan Apostolovic was born between 1730 and 1735, in Buda and died in 1770 in Novi Sad. He was the first Serbian physician who acquired the title of a medical doctor with his doctoral thesis. After his graduation from the Halle Medical School in 1757, he defended his doctoral thesis there, titled ?How Emotions Affect the Human Body?. This thesis, considering the time of its publication, was the first in the history of medicine that studied psychosomatics taking into consideration the influence of emotions on human organism. Upon his arrival to Novi Sad, in 1759, Apostolovic had founded his medical practice as an only graduate physician in the town. When, after its outbreak in Belgrade, Srem and Banat, the plague threatened to spread to the Novi Sad area, he was appointed the town?s doctor in 1763, but was resolved from this position in 1765, since the Magistrate was not able to handle the pressure from the barbers, catholic priests and German population of the town. After losing this position, he continued with his medical practice in Novi Sad, till 1770 when he died of tuberculosis.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SHAREBERMEDIA KOMIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA
Authors: A.M. Kadek Agus Jaya Pharhyuna
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmeningkatkan motivasi berprestasi dan   hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran       Think Pair Sharebermedia komik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas   yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas        XI UPW A SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Data motivasi berprestasi siswa diperoleh dengan menggunakan angket sedangkan data prestasi belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa diperoleh dengan menggunakan tes. Hasil analisis analisis menunjukkan: (1) motivasi berprestasi siswa meningkat dari skor rata-rata 67,53% pada siklus I menjadi 75,66% pada siklus II; (2) hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa meningkat dari skor rata-rata 7,18 pada siklus I menjadi 7,61 pada siklus II. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Think Pair Sharebermedia komik dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dapat meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi siswa dan hasil belajar. Beberapa saran-saran yang ditujukan kepada guru dan pemerintah juga dibahas.
A Gray-Level Dynamic Range Modification Technique for Image Feature Extraction Using Fuzzy Membership Function
Authors: Putra Arief Bramanto Wicaksono , Malani Rheo , Mulyanto Mulyanto
Published: October 2019

The features of an image must be unique so it is necessary to use certain techniques to ensure them. One of the common techniques is to modify the gray dynamic range of an image. In principle, the gray level dynamic range modification maps the gray level ranges from the input image to the new gray level range as an output image using a specific function. Fuzzy Membership Function (MF) is one kind of membership function that applies the Fuzzy Logic concept. This study uses Trapezoidal MF to map the gray dynamic range of each RGB component to produce a feature of an RGB image. The aim of this study is how to ensure the uniqueness of image features through the setting of Trapezoidal MF parameters to obtain the new dynamic range of gray levels that minimize the possibility of other features other than the selected feature. To test the performance of the proposed method, it also tries to be applied to the signature image. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) calculations between feature labels are performed to test authentication between signatures. The results obtained are for comparison of samples of signature images derived from the same source having a much smaller MAE than the comparison of samples of signature images originating from different sources.
Challenging Behaviors in Young Children: The Role of Parenting Consistency in a Multigenerational Family
Authors: Andriono Maria Angela , Sumargi Agnes Maria
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to examine differences in challenging behaviors between young children in multigenerational families whose caregivers had consistent and those with inconsistent parenting. Participants were 73 pairs of mothers and grandparents who had children between the age of 2-6 years old in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. Purposive sampling was used to select participants and two scales included were the PSDQ (Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire) and CAPES (Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scales). A one-way ANOVA was performed to compare children’s challenging behaviors between caregiver groups with consistent-effective parenting, consistent-ineffective parenting, consistent-somewhat effective parenting, inconsistent-ineffective parenting, and inconsistent-somewhat effective parenting. Results showed that there was a significant difference of children’s challenging behaviors at the p < .05 level for the five groups [F(4.68) = 5.73; p = .00] . Compared to other parenting styles, caregivers with consistent-effective parenting had children with the lowest level of challenging behaviors.
Cognitive Risk Factors Predicting Social Anxiety among Indonesian Adolescents
Authors: Yuniardi Muhammad Salis
Published: October 2019

Social anxiety is the third largest mental problem over the world, but no study has investigated cognitive risk factors predicting social anxiety among Indonesian adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the role of fear of negative evaluation, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty in predicting their social anxiety. There were 162 senior high school students completed the paper and pencil questionnaire. Regression analyses was utilised in order to examine the relative contributions, being followed by moderation analyses in order to investigate any possible interaction among the risk factors examined. The result reveals that the contribution of fear of negative evaluation and anxiety sensitivity were significant, but the former was dominant. In addition, there was interaction between them where decreasing the effect of each other. Interestingly, intolerance of uncertainty did not contribute significantly to the model.
MODEL DISPERSI PLUG-FLOW UNTUK ALIRAN FASA CAIR DALAM REAKTOR TRICKLE BED
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud , Qadariyah Lailatul , Bhuwana Donny S.
Published: October 2019

Dalam industri kimia, petrokimia, dan perminyakan, reaktor trickle bed sering dipakai untuk mengendalikan polusi dan pengolahan air. Unjuk kerja dari reaktor tricke bed ini tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kinetika reaksi, melainkan juga oleh faktor perpindahan massa dan hidrodinamikanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari distribusi waktu tinggal fasa liquid dalam reaktor trickle bed dan memodelkan alirannya dengan model dispersed plug flow untuk berbagai  kondisi operasi (laju alir gas & laju alir liquid).  Reaktor trickle-bed yang digunakan pada percobaan ini terdiri dari kolom acrylic yang berdiameter dalam 4,8.10-2 m dengan tinggi 7.10-2 m dengan menggunakan packing granular (drata-rata = 0,476 cm). Kondisi operasinya adalah sbb : laju alir gas antara 1,33 – 2,4.10-4 m3/s, laju alir liquid antara 1,2 – 2,37.10-5 m3/s, tekanan atmosferik dan suhu kamar (29 oC). Metode Stimulus response digunakan untuk memperoleh distribusi waktu tinggal dengan menggunakan larutan NaCL sebagai pelacak yang dinijeksikan secara pulse pada bagian masuk reaktor dan konsentrasi keluar reaktor diukur dengan menggunakan konduktometer (OMEGA CDTX-83). Kurva distribusi waktu tinggal yang diperoleh disesuaikan dengan model dispersed plug-flow, dengan Bilangan dispersi (D/uL) sebagai parameter model. Hasil experimen menunjukkan bahwa distribusi waktu tinggal sangat dipengaruhi oleh laju alir gas maupun cairan dalam reaktor dan model dispersi menunjukkan kesesuain antara model dengan data percobaan. Harga bilangan Dispersi (D/uL) menurun dengan meningkatnya laju alir liquid maupun gas, yang berarti pola aliran makin mendekati pola plug flow.
PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN SIMULATOR SKAKELAR ON – OFF DENGAN INTERFACING MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA DELPHI VERSI 6.0
Authors: Cholilurrahman R. Ahmad , Wiyono Eko
Published: October 2019

Permasalahan pada skakelar on-off dari mesin-mesin produksi yang dilakukan secara manual dengan menggunakan tombol start-stop yang dilakukan oleh operator (manusia). Sebagai evaluasi  untuk kenyamanan dan hal-hal dimana operator sulit atau tidak dapat menjangkaunya, maka perlu dilakukan secara automatisasi dengan menggunakan simulator skakelar on-off dengan interfacing bahasa Delphi (Komputer, PPI 8255, Interface Relay) . Hasil akhir menunjukkan terjadi pengaruh yang signifikan dengan menggunakan simulator skakelar on-off operator dapat mengendalikan dari jarak jauh dan dapat memonitoring terhadap mesin yang dikendalikan dengan cara manual maupun dengan otomatis menggunakan timer. Kelebihan dari simulator skakelar ini adalah operator dapat memonitoring keadaan alat yang dikendali tanpa harus melihat langsung peralatan yang dikendalikan hanya cukup melihat pada layar monitor computer.
VALIDASI METODE ANALISIS CAMPURAN CHLORPHENIRAMIN MALEAT, EPHEDRIN HCL DAN BROMHEXIN HCL MENGGUNAKAN KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI (KCKT)
Authors: Soedjito Soedjito , Hendrajaya Kusuma
Published: October 2019

Telah dikembangkan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) fase balik yang sederhana, akurat, dan presisi untuk menetapkan campuran chlorpheniramin maleat, ephedrin HCl dan bromhexin HCl dalam sediaan sirop. Pemisahan diperoleh dengan menggunakan kolom Eurospher-100 C18 (ODS) 5μm (125 x 3 mm i.d.), dengan fase gerak etanol-asam asetat 0,5% yang dialirkan secara gradien dan detektor ultra violet.

Kemampuan sistem memisahkan puncak-puncak analit cukup baik. Metode yang dipakai menghasilkan linieritas pada rentang 84,16–336,64 ppm untuk chlorpheniramin maleat, 160,56-642,24 ppm untuk ephedrin HCl dan 160,68–642,72 ppm untuk bromhexin HCl dengan. Batas kuantitasi ephedrin HCl, bromhexin HCl, dan chlorpheniramin maleat dalam sediaan sirop berturut-turut adalah 98,48; 109,73 dan 330,42 ppm. Akurasi terbaik untuk ephedrin HCl, bromhexin HCl, dan chlorpheniramin maleat dalam matrik sirop berturut-turut 96,83; 98,34 dan 97,24 % dengan presisi terbaik berturut-turut 0,39; 0,35 dan 2,25 %.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI FAUJASIT DARI ABU LAYANG : Kajian Pengaruh Waktu Sintesis Terhadap Stabilitas Termal Struktur Faujasit (Kinetics of Faujasite Formation from Fly Ash)
Authors: Sutarno Sutarno , Budyantoro Arief
Published: October 2019

Faujasite was hydrothermally synthesized from fly ash at 100oC in alkaline solution by reflux with 5M HCl and fusion with NaOH (weight ratio of NaOH/fly ash = 1.2) pretreatments. Kinetics of faujasite formation was performed by variation of hydrothermal time (0-120 hours). Thermal stability of faujasite from fly ash was tested at 400-900oC and was compared with commercial zeolite Y. The solid products were characterized by X-ray diffraction method. Results showed that faujasite was formed through dissolution of fly ash components such as quartz, mullite and amorphous aluminosilicates (0-3 hours) followed by crystallization to form faujasite (6-48 hours). In longer hydrothermal time (48-72 hours), faujasite transformed into zeolite P and completely formed hydroxysodalite after 120 hours. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that thermal stability of faujasite from fly ash was relatively lower than that of commercial zeolite Y. Faujasite from fly ash transformed into amorphous phase at 800oC whereas commercial zeolite Y transformed into amorphous phase at 900oC.