bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients with Advanced Cancer during the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Ukraine
Authors: Mohammad Hojouj
Published: January 2022

COVID‐19 has overwhelmed the capacity of health care systems, limiting access to supportive and palliative care for patients with advanced cancer. Telemedicine has emerged as a tool to provide care continuity to patients while limiting the risk of contagion. However, implementing telemedicine in resource‐limited settings is challenging. We report the results of a multidisciplinary patient‐navigator‐led telemedicine supportive care program in Dnipro City. One‐hundred sixty‐five telemedicine interventions were provided to 77 patients (median age 67, 47% female). A quarter of the patients had less than or equal to elementary school education, and 18% lived in a rural area. The most common interventions were psychological care (30%), pain and symptom control (27%), and nutritional counseling (10%). Half of the interventions were provided by video conferencing. The most common patient‐reported barrier was limited experience using communication technology. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of providing supportive and palliative care interventions using telemedicine in resource‐limited settings.
Rozdzielczość czasowa, pamięć robocza a rodzaje błędów w Teście Matryc Ravena – badanie pilotażowe
Authors: Tołpa Krzysztof , Lewandowska Monika , Nikadon Jan , Dreszer Joanna
Published: January 2022

CelCelem badania pilotażowego było sprawdzenie zależności pomiędzy rozdzielczością czasową w zakresie milisekundowym, pamięcią roboczą oraz inteligencją psychometryczną z uwzględnieniem analizy jakościowej błędów w Teście Matryc Ravena w wersji dla Zaawansowanych TMZ.
MetodaTrzydzieści sześć osób (24 mężczyzn i 12 kobiet, w wieku 17–19 lat) wykonało zadanie polegające na prezentowaniu par bodźców w szybkim następstwie czasowym, a następnie rozwiązywało zadanie mierzące pamięć roboczą Automated Operation Span Task Aospan oraz TMZ. Rozdzielczość czasową mierzono za pomocą progu postrzegania kolejności bodźców PPK, wyznaczanego za pomocą algorytmu adaptacyjnego dla poprawności 75%.
WynikiWykazano tendencję do rzadszego popełniania błędów typu Błędna Zasada w TMZ przez osoby uzyskujące niskie wartości PPK: rho(34) = 0,46, p < 0,05. Ponadto zaobserwowano związek między wynikami Aospan i TMZ, dla procentu poprawnie odpamiętanych liter (rho(34) = 0,55, p < 0,01), zaś dla procentu poprawnie odpamiętanych sekwencji (rho(34) = 0,43, p = 0,05).
KonkluzjePrezentowane badanie jest pierwszym, w którym wykazano związek czasowego opracowywania informacji na poziomie milisekund z typami błędów popełnianymi w teście inteligencji ogólnej. Osoby, które uzyskały wyższe progi postrzegania kolejności bodźców częściej stosowały przy wyborze odpowiedzi jakościowo odmienne od poprawnych reguły rozumowania, co może odzwierciedlać mniejsze zasoby pamięci roboczej potrzebne do odkrycia właściwej reguły.
Istotnie statystyczna moc testu – analiza mocy i jej miejsce w przyborniku badacza oraz interpretacja (nie)istotności statystycznej przy małej (dużej) mocy testu
Authors: Jarmakowska-Kostrzanowska Lilianna
Published: January 2022

CelW prezentowanym artykule przyjęto dwa zasadnicze cele – zarysowanie problematyki mocy testu statystycznego oraz omówienie podstawowych problemów związanych z analizą mocy nowym–starym narzędziem. Nowym – w typowym warsztacie badacza, lecz jednocześnie starym, ponieważ znanym już w statystyce. W pracy omówiono także techniczną stronę analizy mocy i jej umiejscowienia względem p-wartości.
TezyMoc i analiza mocy oraz istotność statystyczna są pojęciami z dwóch różnych szkół statystyki, które łącznie tworzą paradygmat testowania istotności hipotezy zerowej (NHST). Niespójność szkół składających się na ten paradygmat przysparza problemów w interpretacji wyników testu.
KonkluzjeWprawdzie analiza mocy pozwala na wyznaczenie potrzebnej wielkości próby, ale późniejsza interpretacja wyników testu nie jest łatwa. Trudno jednoznacznie wskazać, jak należy interpretować wynik nieistotny statystycznie przy dużej mocy testu lub istotny statystycznie wynik przy małej mocy testu. Oprócz tego moc testu ani nie uprawdopodabnia wyniku istotnego statystycznie wyniku, ani też nie obala hipotezy zerowej, gdy wynik jest nieistotny statystycznie.
The Epidemiologic, Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Patients with Myasthenia Gravis in Southern Iran
Authors: Rahimi Jaberi Abbas , Manafi Ali Reza , Movahhedan Hossein , Zeighami Marzieh , Honarparvaran Sara
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular junction associated with presence of antibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The pattern of the MG varies in different ethnical and geographical regions. Data regarding the pattern of the disease in Iran is scarce. Thus we performed this study in order to describe the epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of MG in Iranian population. Method and Material: This was a retrospective study being performed in Nemazee Hospital, a tertiary health care center affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from 2001 to 2010. The medical records were reviewed and the data were entered into a computer database. Data are presented as mean Â± SD and proportions as appropriate. Result: Overall we included 208 patients with MG among whom there were 62 (29.8%) men and 146 (70.2%) women. The mean age of the patients was found to be 33.19 Â± 15.75 (range 1-85) years. The median age at onset was 28Â±2.3 years. Eight (3.9%) patients had family history of MG, 1.9% and 2.4% of patients had a background of Diabetes Mellitus and Rheumatoid disease in family, respectively. Thymoma was observed in 9.1% of patients. The presenting symptom was found to be ocular ones detected in 67 (34.9%) patients out of which 59 (30.7%) had bulbar and 12 (6.3%) had appendicular involvement. Edrophonium test was done for 28 patients out of whom 78.6% tested positive. The most common histopathology finding was thymic hyperplasia and the second most common was thymoma. Conclusion: This is the first study describing MG in an Iranian population. The pattern of disease was found to be much more similar to North America and Europe. MG was found to be more common in females consistent with western studies. [GMJ. 2012;1(1):20 -23]
Risk Factors of Glucocorticoid-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sadeghi Saeideh , Zabihi Yeganeh Mojdeh
Published: January 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of glucocorticoid-induced Diabetes mellitus (GIDM) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) under glucocorticoid therapy.

Methods: Patients with SLE who had received high-dose glucocorticoid therapy (prednisoloneâ‰¥1 mg/kg/day) at Rasoul Akram and Firoozgar hospitals were recruited during 2006-2011.

Results: A total of 81 patients with SLE were evaluated. 21 patients (25.9%) of them developed GIDM after high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. Univariate analysis of data showed that old age, family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and use of Mycophenolate mofetil were factors that would increase the likelihood of GIDM.

Conclusion: In summary, GIDM was developed among 25.9% of patients with SLE after high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. Old age, family history of DM and use of Mycophenolate mofetil were determined to be factors responsible for increasing the risk of developing GIDM.
The Effect of Kangaroo Care on Pain and Physiological Parameters in Preterm Infants on Heel-stick Procedure: A Randomized Controlled, Cross-over Study
Authors: Beheshtipoor Noushin , Memarizadeh Ashraf , Hashemi Fatemeh , Porarian Shahnaz , Rambod Masoume
Published: January 2022

Background: Due to the higher risk of Â pain in preterm infants, pain management is important for such infants. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of kangaroo care on the severity of pain and physiological parameters after heel-stick in preterm infants. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective and randomized controlled cross-over study. Twenty preterm infants allocated into an intervention (30 minutes of kangaroo care before and throughout heel-stick) and a control condition (standard incubator care during heel-stick). The severity of pain and the physiological parameters (heart rate and oxygen saturation) were collected after the heel-stick procedure. Results: The pain mean scores in the intervention and control conditions were respectively 4.9 (SD=2.91) and 11.00 (SD=4.21) and a significant difference was found between the two conditions regarding the pain score 30 seconds after the heel-stick [t=5.33, p<0.001]. Moreover, a significant difference between the two conditions concerning the infants' heart rate (F=3.73, p<0.0001) and oxygen saturation (F=1.84, p<0.0001) was demonstrated during the three study periods. Conclusion: In order to relieve the preterm infants' pain and prevent quick acceleration and deceleration of heart rate and oxygen saturation in the intervention condition, the intervention is recommended to be done in a nursery.
The Incidence and Clinical Presentations of Galactosemia in Fars province, South West of Iran
Authors: Saki Forough , Mirzaee Alieh , Pishva Narjes , Karamizadeh Zohreh , Purarian Shahnaz , Hemati Fariba , Razavi Mostajab , Bahrami Reza , Bagheri Fereshte , Rastegar Mohsen , Rahimi Nazila
Published: January 2022

Background:Â In this survey we studied theÂ incidence and clinicalÂ presentations of Â galactosemia in Fars province, in southÂ west of Iran.Â Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disorderÂ ofgalactose.Â ItsÂ metabolism can beÂ performedÂ through 3 pathways.Â AlthoughÂ enzymesÂ deficiencyof each of themÂ can lead to galactose accumulation in plasma, the term galactosemiaÂ is specifically used forÂ UDP-galactose uridyl transferaseÂ (GALT)Â deficiency.Â Classical galactosemia (G/G)Â is mostly manifested byÂ poor growth, irritability, lethargy, vomiting,Â poor feeding,Â andÂ jaundice.

Material and method:Â 337000 newborns were screened for galactosemia by measuring total galactose level.Â Blood samplesÂ were collected from the heel on the Gauthriepaper,Â and thencalorimetric test with enzyme was performed to determine total galactose level.Â BloodÂ galactoselevel below 4mg/dlÂ wasÂ consideredÂ asÂ normal and it was repeated if it was more than 4mg/dl in the first stage. The testÂ wasÂ consideredÂ asÂ abnormal if it was more than 5mg/dl,Â then blood samples wereÂ collected on filter paper and dried for 3-4 hours at room temperature and shipped frozen to laboratory for detection of GALT activity and galactose and galactose-1-phosphate.

Results:Â FromÂ those whoÂ were gone for screening,Â 105 newborns had total galactose level more than 5mg/dl,Â among them,Â 37 patients had galactose level more than 15Â mg/dl.Â Overall 12 cases were considered as classic galactosemia with an incidence rate of 1/28000,Â in Fars province.

Conclusion:Â Although all of our patients were symptomatic and were admittedÂ byhyperbilirubinemiaÂ before receiving the results,Â neonatal screening had an important role in the early diagnosis and management of this disease.
Practical Approach for DNA Extraction of Food Born Linguatula serrata Nymphs: an Analytical Method
Authors: Eslami Gilda , Hajimohammadi Bahador , Khalatbary Sepideh , Zohortabar Amin , Ardian Mahmoud
Published: January 2022

Background: Isolation of high quality genomic DNA is one of the most important steps in molecular biology studies related to food borne parasites. Usually, various protocols are used for different tissues but so far, there is no common, simple and cost benefit procedure for genomic DNA extraction of Linguatula serrata (L. serrata.) larvae as a Pentastomida endangering food safety. One of the procedures used in other studies is using commercial kits that are very expensive especially for developing countries which have this health problem. This study investigated a simple and cost-benefit method to extract genomic DNA form L. serrata.
Materials and Methods: In this study, after collection of larvae from sheep, washing was done with phosphate buffer saline. The samples were grinded and incubated in lysis buffer at 56ÂºC overnight. The precipitation was done in absolute ethanol. Extracted DNA was analyzed using Agarose gel Electrophoresis and Spectrophotometery.
Results: Results indicated that the mean concentration of extracted DNA was 59.3Â±2.84 ng/Î¼l, and the mean ratio of A(260)/ (280) was 1.6Â±0.3.Â  It seems that the efficacy of this modified extraction method for L. serrata is appropriate.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this simple, cost-effective, fast and easy to use method could replace inexpensive commercial kits in molecular laboratories for DNA extraction of Pentastomida and some other similar tissues. So, application of this analytical method could be useful to improve the safety of food especially liver and other meat products.
Histopathological Characteristics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Iranian Issue
Authors: Zamani Mohammad Mahdi , Etemadi Mehrnoosh , Nazemi Amir Masoud , Rajabiani Afsaneh , Abdollahi Alireza
Published: January 2022

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among Iranian women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is referred to a type of breast cancer which three biomarkers of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), are negative.

Materials and Methods: In this case control study, immunohistopathologic data of patients with TNBC were compared with non-TNBC patients. According to pathological reports, frequency, age, gender, type, size, and tumor grade, involvement and the number of involved lymph nodes, mitosis, Ki-67, necrosis, nuclear grade, tumor side, involvement of the margins, skin involvement, nipple involvement, tumor location, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, presence of in-situ compartment and the benign accompanied tumors, granulomatosis reaction, and calcification were compared between both groups.

Results: Two hundred fourteen pathological samples of patients with breast cancer were evaluated. TNBC was seen in about 14% of breast cancers in this study on Iranian population. The mean age of TNBC group was 43Â±12 years and non-TNBC was 50Â±12 years (p=0.03). TNBC had significantly higher grade, high mitotic indices, more possibility of P53 positivity and higher level of Ki-67. Presence of vascular and nerve invasion and involvement of the margins at the time of diagnosis were seen in the TNBC group comparing with the non-TNBC group.

Conclusion: Younger age, higher grading, neurovascular invasion, P53 positivity, and high levels of Ki-67, lead clinicians to evaluate the biomarkers of TNBC, and in case of confirming TNBC diagnosis, appropriate treatment methods should be added to the routine ones in breast cancer.
An Adjuvant Capsule in the Treatment of Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Novel Hypothesis
Authors: Saki Nasrin , Jowkar Farideh , Kardeh Sina
Published: January 2022

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is one of the most common and studied autoimmune disorders of skin. The knock down of desmogleins in the skin by IgG antibodies will eventually leads to mucocutaneous problems in both genders. Targeting the cardinal molecules involved in the pathways of immune response is the main goal of given therapy. With regard to the side effects of long term use of immunosuppressive treatments, patients may use various adjuvant drug combinations. Sulfasalazine (SSZ) and Pentoxifylline (PTX) are two low-cost anti-TNF medications that can halt the acantholysis in PV. Tetracycline is an effective antibiotic with immunomdulatory properties on down-regulation of pro-inflammatory molecules such as NO, IL-1Î². Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of Omega-3 take this supplement into account as a potential addition to anti-PV armamentarium. Thus, this complex could be utilized as a safe and effective adjuvant capsule against PV.
Prevalence of Common Candida Species in Oral Lichen Planus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in South of Iran
Authors: Saki Maryam , Ebrahimi Hooman , Pakshir Keyvan , Pourshahidi Sara , Zomorodian Kamyar , Saki Nasrin , Valizadeh Maryam , Kardeh Sina
Published: January 2022

Background: Lichen Planus is a common mucocutaneous disease with unknown etiology. Immunodeficiency is a known predisposing factor to this disease. Oral Candidiasis which is an opportunistic fungal infection, commonly affects healthy and immune-compromised patients. Candida has different species bearing different treatments. In this study, researchers aimed to detect the frequency and colonization rate of Candida and its association with different factors such as lesion types of oral lichen Planus (OLP).Materials and Methods: Thirty seven untreated oral lichen Planus patients, attending the Clinical Department of Oral Medicine at Shiraz Dental School in 2011, were selected. Swab method and CHROMagar media were used to obtain samples incubated for 48 hours at 30 ÂºC. Fungal species were detected considering colony color changes.Results: In the culture test, approximately 80% of samples were positive of non-reticular type. About 40% of positive samples were of Candida non-albicans (C.Non-albicans) type. Among C. Non-albicans, 85% were non-reticular type among OLP patients. There was no significant statistical difference in prevalence of Candida albicans (C.albicans) and C. Non-albicans in OLP patients.Conclusion: Based on results, certain biotypes of Candida were not confirmed responsible for OLP patterns.[GMJ.2014;3(4):252-5]
Assessment of Writing Errors and Peer Review Process of Accepted Abstracts in the 13th Annual Research Congress of Iranâ€™s Medical Sciences Students
Authors: Khani Afshin , Izadpanah Fatemeh , Zarghami Amin , Mahdizadeh Hamid , Khafri Soraya
Published: January 2022

Background: Despite more than a decade experience of annual student congresses in Iran, major scientific writing weakness still exists in studentsâ€™ abstracts submitted to the Annual Research Congress of Iranâ€™s Medical Sciences Students (ARCIMSS). Assessment of these abstracts can provide information on common scientific writing errors and subsequent development of abstract quality for the future congresses. Assessment of writing errors and peer review process of accepted abstracts in ARCIMSS 13th forms the central idea of the present study. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, from all 505 accepted abstracts, 17 abstracts were excluded and the remaining 488 abstracts were evaluated for affiliation and educational level of the presenter, presentation type, writing errors and the scores of reviewing process for each abstract. Writing errors were compared based on the presentersâ€™ affiliation (Student Research Committee (SRC) affiliated and non-SRC affiliated) and educational level. Also, correlation between students and faculty membersâ€™ reviewing scores in peer review process was evaluated.Results: Writing errors were seen in 242 (49.6%) abstracts and the majority of errors were seen in the â€œauthorâ€™s affiliationâ€ section (26.6%). The frequency of writing errors was significantly lower in SRC-affiliated abstracts comparing to non-SRC affiliated (P=0.038) that was not significantly different from postgraduate and undergraduate presenters (P=0.34). There was no significant correlation between pre-congress and during-congress peer reviewing scores (P=0.399, r=0.05). Conclusion: There were significant writing errors in accepted abstracts. This issue underlines the necessity of educational interventions performed by SRC members in order to develop studentsâ€™ skills in abstract writing based on standard guidelines. [GMJ.2014;3(4):245-51]
Serum Levels of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 Decreased in Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Mansouri Mahsa , Mojtahedi Zahra , Ghayyoumi Mohammad Ali , Montazari Narges , Sahraian Hamidreza , Ghalamfarsa Ghasem
Published: January 2022

Background: The aberrant expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) and fatty acid binding-protein 5 (FABP5) in lung cancer tissues and their presence in secretome of lung cancer cell lines were reported. Here, serum levels of these molecules in lung cancer patients were compared to those in a healthy control group.Materials and Methods: The patientsâ€™ group consisted of 50 newly diagnosed male patients with a mean age of 65.3Â±11.5 years (27 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 7 adenocarcinoma, and 16 small cell carcinoma). Thirty eight apparently healthy men (mean aged 65.1Â±11.4) served as the control group. ELISA was employed for quantification.Results: Comparison between patients and controls revealed no significant difference, although FABP5 level was lower in patients (3.2 vs. 4.8; p=0.09). Analysis of each type of lung cancer with controls indicated that patients with SCC had significantly lower levels of FABP5 than in controls (2.7 vs. 4.8 ng/ml; P=0.03).Conclusion: Comparison between patients and controls revealed no significant difference, although FABP5 level was lower in patients (3.2 vs. 4.8; p=0.09). Analysis of each type of lung cancer with controls indicated that patients with SCC had significantly lower levels of FABP5 than in controls (2.7 vs. 4.8 ng/ml; P=0.03).[GMJ. 2014;3(4):222-7]
An Assessment of Frequency of Dermatologic Diseases in Patients Admitted to Shiraz Referral Dermatology Ward, Southern Iran 2008-2011
Authors: Dastgheib Ladan , Saki Nasrin , Kardeh Sina , Rezaei Zakaria
Published: January 2022

Background: As the early and accurate diagnosis of all diseases, including skin disorders directly influences the duration of treatment and its costs, which may be a significant burden, it is very important for physicians to be familiar with all types of diseases, especially those with a higher incidence in population. Considering that disease patterns vary from region to region and there is no demographic data on patterns of skin diseases in Fars Province, we aimed to assess the frequency of skin diseases in admitted patients to Dermatology Ward of Shahid Faghihi Hospital.

Materials and Methods: The medical records of 1450 patients, who completed a questionnaire during the years 2008 to 2011, were evaluated in this retrospective study. Demographic data and diagnoses of skin diseases were analyzed by SPSS software and classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).

Results: Pemphigus (12.5%), drug rash (11.7%) and eczema (10.5%) were the most common cause of referral to dermatology ward. The mean age of patients was 41.89Â±20.79 and the average length of hospitalization in this study was 9.34 days.

Conclusion: The high occurrence rate of Pemphigus and drug rash indicates that further study is required to root out the underlying causes. Proper health policies should be implemented to manage these diseases.
Prophylactic Pancreatic Stents in High-Risk Population and Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis
Authors: Zamani Mohammad Mahdi , Ajdarkosh Hossein , Hemasi Gholamreza , Zamani Farhad , Sohrabi Masoudreza , Khoonsari Mahmoodreza
Published: January 2022

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Several medical and surgical procedures have been analyzed in prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis as a major post-ERCP complication, so we conducted a study to assess the role of prophylactic pancreatic stents on prevention and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: This case control studied adult patients undergoing ERCP at the ERCP unit of a referral educational hospital. Data of the case (stent, N=90) and control (non-stent) (N=105) groups were retrieved from medical records. In our center, sphinctrerotomy was performed for 103 patients of non-stent group and successful pancreatic stent placement was done in 86 patients of stent group in a standard fashion. In stent group, a 5F, 4 centimeter pancreatic stent was emplaced over a guide wire under fluoroscopic guidance. All postâ€“ERCP pancreatitis and major complications of all patients were retrieved too. Results: Of 255 enrolled patients, 195 were at high risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis allocated in two groups of this study. Successful pancreatic stent placement was done in 86 patients (95.6%) of stent group. There was no major complication during procedures. The migration of pancreatic duct stent was diagnostic in 3 (3.5%) patients. The overall post ERCP pancreatitis was 4.0% and 16.6% in stent and non-stent groups, respectively. Conclusion: Based on our findings in this study, we strongly recommended pancreatic duct stent placement in high-risk patients; although the experience of endoscopist plays a crucial role. [GMJ.2015;4(2):67-71]
Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Water Binding Capacity and Mechanical Behavior of Gelatin-Ferula Oil Film as a Wound Dressing Material
Authors: Kavoosi Gholamreza , Shakiba Amin , Ghorbani Mahmood , Dadfar Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Mohammadi Purfard Amin
Published: January 2022

Background: Development of biodegradable and biocompatible films based on protein polymer with strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities has gradually obtained extensive concern in the world. In this study, the improvement of gelatin film properties incorporated with Ferula assa-foetida essential oil (FAO) as a potential antioxidant/antibacterial wound dressing film was investigated. Materials and Methods: Gelatin films were prepared from gelatin solutions (10% w/v) containing different concentration of FAO. The effect of FAO addition on water solubility, water swelling, water vapor permeability, mechanical behavior, light barrier properties as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the films were examined. Results: Water solubility, water swelling and water vapor permeability for pure gelatin films were 29 Â± 1.6%, 396 Â± 8%, 0.23 Â± 0.018 g.mm/m2.h, respectively. Incorporation of FAO into gelatin films caused a significant decrease in swelling and increase in solubility and water vapor permeability. Tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break for pure gelatin films were 4.2 Â± 0.4 MPa, 5.8 Â± 4.2 MPa, 128 Â± 8 %, respectively. Incorporation of FAO into gelatin films caused a significant decrease in tensile strength and elastic modulus and increase in elongation at break of the films. Gelatin film showed UV-visible light absorbance ranging from 280 to 480 nm with maximum absorbance at 420 nm. Gelatin/FAO films also exhibited excellent antioxidant ad antimicrobial activities. Conclusions: Our results suggested that gelatin/FAO films could be used as active films due to their excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial features for different biomedical applications including wound-dressing materials.[GMJ.2015;4(2):103-14]
A Review of the Iran's elderly status according to the census records
Authors: Bahramnezhad Fatemeh , Farokhnezhad Afshar Pouya , Asgari Parvaneh , Shiri Mahmoud
Published: January 2022

For many reasons, the elderly population in Iran is considered a growing phenomenon. An accelerated decline in birth rate in the past two decades, medical-health advances, and increased life expectancy are among the major reasons. Based on the definitions of the Countryâ€™s Population Index, Iran's elderly population, with a growth rate of 3.9% compared to the total population growth (2.29%) between 2007 and 2012 has reached to the elderly population of 8.26% in 2012, which puts Iran among countries with aging populations. Now, Iran's elderly population is 6205998 people, including approximately 48.70% aged men and 51.30% aged women. Iran, based on the age criteria of the population structure, is now faced with the aging phenomenon, and since this phenomenon encompasses health, economic and social consequences, as well as service requirements, elderly population of Iran should be comprehensively and continuously evaluated so that the health and medical officials could deal with the incident with proper planning and meet the needs of this group of the society. [GMJ.2016;5(1):1-6]
Restless Leg Syndrome in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and its Effect on Frequency of Daytime Sleepiness and Fatigue of the Patients
Authors: Ashjazadeh Nahid , Shamszadeh Zahra
Published: January 2022

Background: Restless leg syndrome (RLS), fatigue and daytime sleepiness are three known co-morbidities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of RLS in patients with MS and its effect on the frequency of fatigue and daytime sleepiness in these patients. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty patients who referred to the Inpatients Neurology Ward of Chamran hospital, affiliated with the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from June 2014 to March 2015, were selected as the study participants. The patients with clinically definite MS, according to the 2010 Revised Mc-Donald criteria, and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) â‰¤5.5 were included. RLS, fatigue and daytime sleepiness were assessed by the criteria of the International RLS study group (IRLSSG), fatigue severity scale (FSS) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) respectively and the related statistical analyzes were conducted. Results: Seventy eight patients (65%) met all the four IRLSSG criteria, 77 patients (64.1%) suffered from fatigue and only 36 patients (30%) had excessive daytime sleepiness. RLS was not significantly linked to mean age, sex, MS duration, and daytime sleepiness of the studied MS patients, but fatigue was more frequent in MS patients with RLS, which was statistically significant (P=0.018). Conclusion: The main result of this study is that RLS is a common comorbidity in MS and the patients with MS, who also suffer from RLS. They have frequently experienced higher fatigue symptoms than those without RLS. Therefore, the appropriate diagnosis and management of RLS may improve both RLS and fatigue in these patients. [GMJ. 2016;5(1):7-12]
Discharge Against Medical Advice: A Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Shafaghat Tahereh , Jabbari Alireza , Kavosi Zahra , Hosseini Seyed Mojtaba , Ayoubian Ali , Aidun Amir , Rahimi-Zarchi Mohammad Kazem
Published: January 2022

Background: The most important criterion for healthcare success is customersâ€™ satisfaction. The number of patients leaving the hospital on their own decision or Against Medical Advice (AMA) can be a sign of their discontent and a problem with considerable importance. In this regard, the present study was designed aiming at evaluating the causes of AMA discharges at a hospital affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative study on all patients who were discharged AMA from the studied hospital during 3 months in 2012 (March 21 â€“ June 21). Data were collected through telephone interviews. All interviews were written by the researcher and analyzed using grounded theory with thematic method. Results: The most frequent reasons for discharge AMA were classified into 3 general themes: issues related to hospital status, the staff and the patients. Additionally, the most frequent reasons causing discharge AMA were as follows; 1. Sense of recovery; 2. Failure to register discharge order despite verbal order, 3. Physicians and nursesâ€™ inadequate care (technically); 4. Lack of informing the patients and their relatives as to the patientâ€™s condition properly; 5. Crowded wards; 6. Lack of attention to patients by the staff (emotionally). Â Conclusion: It seems that if hospital managers want to reduce discharge AMA, it is better to consider the causes. Based on such causes, effective intervention can be implemented which may differ in terms of resource-consuming. [GMJ. 2016;5(1):31-41]
Male Infertility and Diet: A Perspective of Traditional Persian Medicine
Authors: Daneshfard Babak , Jaladat Amir-Mohammad
Published: January 2022

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Intracranial Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Javadinia Seyed Alireza , Anvari Kazem , Gharib Masoumeh , Saburi Amin
Published: January 2022

Background: Chondrosarcoma is a very rare brain tumor. Patients with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma have a worse prognosis and survival than other subtypes of brain chondrosarcoma. Case Report: A 29-year-old man underwent craniotomy because of a headache and blurred vision in his left eye lasting for 15 days. Pathologic examination revealed mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Conclusion: Chondrosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnoses of intracranial extra-axial hypo- and hypervascular tumors, especially in young patients. Surgical resection and radiotherapy are the preferred treatment for these patients.[GMJ.2016;5(4):219-24]
Intracranial Stenting: A Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies
Authors: Varavipour Bahman , Gheini Mohammad-Reza , Javanmardi Haniyeh
Published: January 2022

Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is one of the main causes of ischemic stroke According to western epidemiological studies, 8-10% of ischemic strokes are attributable to intracranial stenosis. Three modalities of treatment considered for intracranial atherosclerotic disease include; aggressive medical therapy, endovascular revascularization with angioplasty and stent, and extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. At present, medical management should be the first line of therapy for the most patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. Angioplasty and stenting can be considered in some patients that are unstable or have multiple ischemic events in the territory despite aggressive medical management.
New Modalities and Approaches in Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Mahmoudi Hooman
Published: January 2022

During recent years, our understanding of recovery after stroke has changed dramatically. As a result, some new approaches and technologies have emerged to help stroke survivors improve even years after the accident. I am trying to introduce some of the most recent and scientifically investigated approaches and technologies used in stroke rehabilitation. Technologies and approaches such as intensive task-specific approach, repetitive Transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, virtual reality rehabilitation, robotic rehabilitation.
Review of Stroke: The 2nd International and the 8th National Iranian Stroke Congress : Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Borhani-Haghighi Afshin
Published: January 2022

Dear reader,Stroke is a major health problem in Iran as other developing countries.  Meanwhile, epidemiological characteristics of stroke in Iranian population are different with other countries.  Both   population-based and hospital-based studies showed that   incidence and mortality of stroke in Iran is higher than most western countries [1,2]. Higher rates of patients with young-adult stroke in Iranian population are a prominent feature too [3]. In the same time, prevalence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is higher than western populations [4] but the frequency of the intracranial stenosis is more or less same as Europeans [5]. The high prevalence of atherosclerotic disease in Iran can be attributed to social and economic factors, including increased life span, changes in dietary habits and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle [6]. In the light of these changes, Iranian health policymakers should consider concerted primary and secondary preventive measures to reduce the impact of this increasingly problematic public health issue.Iranians who have had a stroke consider their social, financial and rehabilitative support to be inadequate. Moreover, awareness of the manifestations of stroke is poor in the Iranian general population [7]. Consequently, the clinical status of stroke patients by the time they are transferred to the referral center may be worse than it could have been. There is an urgent need for Iranian hospitals to develop better measures to manage acute stroke patients.The second international Iranian stroke congress was held from 23-25 September 2015 in Shiraz, Iran. This Conference was a joint effort of the Clinical Neurology Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Stroke Association.Here we presented   some selected reviews from outstanding platforms of this congress. Ghandehari presented the epidemiology of stroke in Iran [8]. Safari et al presented a comprehensive review about immunology of stroke [9]. Abolhasani-Foroughi and  Nazeri   summarized the role of Computed topography  scan for diagnosis and treatment planning of stroke patients [10].Lotfi discussed about pearls and pitfalls of color doppler sonography of cervical arteries [11]. We also have three reviews about clinical and radiologic aspects of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis [12-14]. Two reviews focused on importance of rehabilitation in new stroke era [15,16].
Evidence- based Policy and Decision-Making among Health Managers: A Case of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Bastani Peivand , Kavosi Zahra , Ali Poori Somayeh , Imani Nasab Mohammad Hassan
Published: January 2022

Background: According to the importance of evidence-based policy-making in health scope, this study was conducted to investigate the present situation of decision-making among medical managers.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study carried out on all the managers worked in one of the hospitals, health centers, medical schools and central departments of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2016. A questionnaire containing demographic data and 50 questions was applied to 5 sections: attitude (9), subjective norms (13), perceived controlled behavior (22), intention (3) and behavior (3). Choronbache Î± was between 0.73-0.91 emphasizing a good reliability, the questionnaire`s content and face validity were 0.83 and 0.67 respectively. Data was analyzed using Independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Results: The greatest frequency of the respondents belongs to the men (77/85.1%), and the majority of the respondents were in an age range from 30 to 40 years. The highest mean score was related to the indirect attitude (8.17), and the lowest was obtained for the indirect perception (1.21). There was a statistical relationship between the mean score of direct and indirect controlled perceived behavior according to the participantsâ€™ educational level (P=0.03 and P=0.043, respectively). A significant relationship was also be observed between direct behavior and educational major (P=0.044). Pearson correlation indicates a significant positive relationship between the manager intention for evidence-based policy-making and all the other variables. Conclusion: It seems that the present situation of evidence-based decision-making is not appropriate for the university managers. In this regard, planning for the effective courses in knowledge translation, evidence-based policy-making and advanced searching along with monitoring the managersâ€™ decision outcomes through an internal and external audit can have an effective role in improving decisions and enhancing evidence application. [GMJ.2017;6(1):30-38]
Simultaneous Effect of Kisspeptin and Galanin on Serum Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone Levels in Male Rats
Authors: Khazali Homayoun , Talebolhosseini Maliheh
Published: January 2022

Background: Galanin is a neuropeptide with a wide range of physiological functions that also has stimulatory effects on the reproductive axis. Kisspeptin is a crucial neuropeptide for the stimulation of the reproductive function. In the present study, the interaction of kisspeptin and the galanin signaling system was investigated on the mean serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and the testosterone concentrations in rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five male Wistar rats in 11 groups (n=5 per group) received saline, kisspeptin (1nmol), P234(1nmol), galanin(1nmol), galantide (1nmol) or simultaneous injections of them via third cerebral ventricle at 07:00 - 07:30. Blood samples were collected at 30 min following the injections. Hormone concentrations were measured using rat kit and the method of the radio-immunoassay (RIA). Results: Kisspeptin or galanin injection significantly increased both the mean serum LH and the testosterone concentration compared to saline (P<0.05). The co-administration of kisspeptin/galanin increased the mean serum LH and the testosterone concentration significantly compared to galanin or saline (P<0.05). The co-administration of kisspeptin/galanin decreased the mean serum LH concentration compared to kisspeptin, this reduction, however, was not statistically significant. Also, testosterone concentration declined in the kisspeptin/galanin group compared to kisspeptin group. Galantide or p234 injection decreases the mean serum LH and the testosterone concentration compared to galanin and kisspeptin, respectively. The co-administration of galantide/p234 lowers the mean serum LH concentration compared to saline. Conclusion: The interaction of hypothalamic galanin and kisspeptin signaling pathways may play an important role in the modulation of hormonal control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. [GMJ. 2017;6(1):23-29]
Kisspeptin Increases Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Food Deprived D-Lys3-GHRP6-Treated Rats
Authors: Mahmoudi Fariba
Published: January 2022

Background: Kisspeptin stimulatesthe reproductive axis while food deprivation or ghrelin inhibits it. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of third cerebral ventricle injection of kisspeptin on mean plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in food deprived D-Lys3-GHRP6-treated rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, five fed rats received third cerebral ventricular injection of salineat 09:00- 09:30 h. Also, twenty food deprived rats in four groups (n=5 in each group) received third cerebral ventricular injection of saline, kisspeptin(1nmol), D-Lys3â€“GHRP-6 (20nmol) or D-Lys3-GHRP-6 (20nmol) and kisspeptin(1nmol). Blood samples were collected via the tail vein. Plasma LH concentration was measuredby using LH kit and the method of radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: Mean plasma LH level in food-deprived rats decreased significantly compared to fed rats. Kisspeptin significantly increased the mean plasma LH concentrationcompared to fed or food deprived saline group. Injection of kisspeptin in D-Lys3 -GHRP-6-pre-treated rats significantly increased the mean plasma LH concentration compared to fed saline, food deprived saline, alone kisspeptin or alone D-Lys3 -GHRP-6 groups. Conclusion: Decrease of ghrelin pathway activity may partly be involved in the mediating the stimulatory effects of kisspeptin on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. [GMJ. 2017;6(1):39-43]
Effect of Echinacea Purpurea Extract on Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Ghorbani Yekta Batool , Ahmadzadehfar Noushin Zahra , Yazdanjo Sepideh
Published: January 2022

Background: The use of herbal products is increased among people wordwide. Regarding lacking evidence on the use of herbal medication in children, this study was aimed to determine the effects of Echinacea Purpurea extract on anxiety-like behavior in neonatal rats. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wister strain pups in four groups received i.p injections of E. Purpurea extract (40, 80, and 250 mg/kg) or saline on 5th to 9th postnatal days. All pups were examined for anxiety test on the 22nd postnatal day in the elevated plus-maze test. During the test, parameters include percentage of open arm time (%OAT), percentage of open arm entry (%OAE), head dipping, rearing and locomotor activity have been measured. Results: In the present study, administration of 40, 80 and 250mg/kg doses of the E. Purpurea extract revealed a significant decrease in the %OAT compared to saline group (P<0.01). The E. Purpurea extract decreased head dipping parameters (P<0.01) and increased rearing parameters (P<0.01). E. Purpurea did not significantly change the locomotor activity. Conclusions: The results of present study showed that postnatal administration of E. Purpurea extract increases anxiety in neonatal rats comparing to control group. [GMJ.2017;6(1):52-60]
Communicable Diseases and Non-Communicable Diseases: Which One Is the Priority in the Health Policies?
Authors: Vadjdi Saghar , Farjam Mojtaba
Published: January 2022

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The Effect of Classic Chest Physiotherapy on Postoperative Pain Scores and Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zolfaghari Mohammad , Mirhosseini ُSeyed Jalil , Baghbeheshti Maryam , Bauer Brent A.
Published: January 2022

Background: Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a care that increases the mobilization of several structures from both muscle and subcutaneous tissue. We planned to investigate the effect of classic CPT on pain, fatigue, satisfaction, and hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial that conducted on 50 patients undergoing elective off-pump CABG. The patients have been randomly divided into two groups; in the group A (n=25) patients received physiotherapy at a single session of classic CPT, 4 times during 2nd to 5th days for 15 minutes in every session, in the group B (n=25) patients had not protocol of this exercise therapy (control). Results:The average age of all participants was 62.08 ±9.08 years. Of the 50 patients, 33 (66%) was male. Classic CPT significantly decreased pain (P=0.04), hospital LOS (P=0.010) and could increase in patients’ satisfaction (P<0.001). However, it had no considerable effect on fatigue (P=0.725). Conclusion: According to our findings, classic CPT could improve postoperative care after off-pump CABG surgery. [GMJ.2018;7:e838]
Design, Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Dimenhydrinate Orally Disintegrating Tablets
Authors: Aslani Abolfazl , Ghasemi Alireza , Karbasizadeh Esfahani Shekofeh
Published: January 2022

Background: Design, formulation and physicochemical evaluation of dimenhydrinate 25 mg oral tablets that disintegrate in oral cavity in a proper time. This product is easy to use for babies, geriatrics and people who have difficulty in swallowing. Materials and Methods: 31 formulations were designed in 3 categories via Design-Expert software version 7. Group 1 consist of super-disintegrating bases, group 2 consist of effervescent bases and group 3 consist of super-disintegrating and effervescent bases together. Proposed by Design-Expert software, the optimum formulations were selected in each category and the tablets were produced by direct compression method. Tablets evaluated by friability, thickness, hardness, weight variation, drug content, content uniformity, disintegration time, wetting time, dissolution and moisture uptake tests. Results: The angle of repose and compressibility index of formulations were in the range of 24.65-29.08 and 5.02-9.01 % respectively. Thickness, hardness, wetting time, friability and content uniformity of formulations were in the range of 3.36-3.84 mm, 33.25-38.03 N, 19-37 seconds, 0.31-0.42 % and 96.44-99.02 % respectively. Disintegration time of the groups 1, 2 and 3 were in the range of 16-70, 47-72 and 12-35 seconds, respectively. Conclusion: Mixture of powders and orally dispersible tablets passed all tests. The results showed that formulations containing both of super-disintegrants and effervescent bases had better disintegration time compare to other formulations. [GMJ.2018;7:e936]