bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the interhospital patient transfer after implementation of a regionalized trauma care system (TraumaNetzwerk DGU®) in Germany
Authors: Spering C. , Bieler D. , Ruchholtz S. , Bouillon B. , Hartensuer R. , Lehmann W. , Lefering R. , Düsing H. ,   for Committee on Emergency Medicine, Intensive Care and Trauma Management (Sektion NIS) of the German Trauma Society (DGU)
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The aim of the study was to evaluate how many patients are being transferred between trauma centers and and their characteristics in the 2006 initiated TraumaNetzwerk DGU® (TNW). We further investigated the time point of transfer and differences in outcome, compared to patients not being transferred. We wanted to know how trauma centers judged the performance of the TNW in transfer.

Method

(1) We analyzed the data of the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) from 2014–2018. Included were patients that were treated in German trauma centers, maximum AIS (MAIS) >2 and MAIS 2 only in case of admission on ICU or death of the patient. Patients being transferred were compared to patients who were not. Characteristics were compared, and a logistic regression analysis performed to identify predictive factors. (2) We performed a survey in the TNW focussing on frequency, timing and communication between hospitals and improvement through TNW.

Results

Study I analyzed 143,195 patients from the TR-DGU. Their mean ISS was 17.8 points (SD 11.5). 56.4% were admitted primarily to a Level-I, 32.2% to a Level-II and 11.4% to a Level-III Trauma Center. 10,450 patients (7.9%) were transferred. 3,667 patients (22.7%) of the admitted patients of Level-III Center and 5,610 (12.6%) of Level-II Center were transferred, these patients showed a higher ISS (Level-III: 18.1 vs. 12.9; Level-II: 20.1 vs. 15.8) with more often a severe brain injury (AIS 3+) (Level-III: 43.6% vs. 13.1%; Level-II: 53.2% vs. 23.8%). Regression analysis showed ISS 25+ and severe brain injury AIS 3+ are predictive factors for patients needing a rapid transfer. Study II: 215 complete questionnaires (34%) of the 632 trauma centers. Transfers were executed within 2 h after the accident (Level-III: 55.3%; Level-II: 25.0%) and between 2–6 h (Level-III: 39.5%; Level-II: 51.3%). Most trauma centers judged that implementation of TNW improved trauma care significantly (Level III: 65.0%; Level-II: 61.4%, Level-I: 56.7%).

Conclusion

The implementation of TNW has improved the communication and quality of comprehensive trauma care of severely injured patients within Germany. Transfer is mostly organized efficient. Predictors such as higher level of head injury reveal that preclinical algorithm present a potential of further improvement.
Metagenomic analysis of ecological niche overlap and community collapse in microbiome dynamics
Authors: Fujita Hiroaki , Ushio Masayuki , Suzuki Kenta , Abe Masato S. , Yamamichi Masato , Okazaki Yusuke , Canarini Alberto , Hayashi Ibuki , Fukushima Keitaro , Fukuda Shinji , Kiers E. Toby , Toju Hirokazu
Published: November 2023

Species utilizing the same resources often fail to coexist for extended periods of time. Such competitive exclusion mechanisms potentially underly microbiome dynamics, causing breakdowns of communities composed of species with similar genetic backgrounds of resource utilization. Although genes responsible for competitive exclusion among a small number of species have been investigated in pioneering studies, it remains a major challenge to integrate genomics and ecology for understanding stable coexistence in species-rich communities. Here, we examine whether community-scale analyses of functional gene redundancy can provide a useful platform for interpreting and predicting collapse of bacterial communities. Through 110-day time-series of experimental microbiome dynamics, we analyzed the metagenome-assembled genomes of co-occurring bacterial species. We then inferred ecological niche space based on the multivariate analysis of the genome compositions. The analysis allowed us to evaluate potential shifts in the level of niche overlap between species through time. We hypothesized that community-scale pressure of competitive exclusion could be evaluated by quantifying overlap of genetically determined resource-use profiles (metabolic pathway profiles) among coexisting species. We found that the degree of community compositional changes observed in the experimental microbiome was correlated with the magnitude of gene-repertoire overlaps among bacterial species, although the causation between the two variables deserves future extensive research. The metagenome-based analysis of genetic potential for competitive exclusion will help us forecast major events in microbiome dynamics such as sudden community collapse (i.e., dysbiosis).
The consequences of cohesin mutations in myeloid malignancies
Authors: Bhattacharya Shubhra Ashish , Dias Eve , Nieto-Aliseda Andrea , Buschbeck Marcus
Published: November 2023

Recurrent somatic mutations in the genes encoding the chromatin-regulatory cohesin complex and its modulators occur in a wide range of human malignancies including a high frequency in myeloid neoplasms. The cohesin complex has a ring-like structure which can enclose two strands of DNA. A first function for the complex was described in sister chromatid cohesion during metaphase avoiding defects in chromosome segregation. Later studies identified additional functions of the cohesin complex functions in DNA replication, DNA damage response, 3D genome organisation, and transcriptional regulation through chromatin looping. In this review, we will focus on STAG2 which is the most frequently mutated cohesin subunit in myeloid malignancies. STAG2 loss of function mutations are not associated with chromosomal aneuploidies or genomic instability. We hypothesize that this points to changes in gene expression as disease-promoting mechanism and summarize the current state of knowledge on affected genes and pathways. Finally, we discuss potential strategies for targeting cohesion-deficient disease cells.
APOE4 allele-specific associations between diet, multimodal biomarkers, and cognition among Puerto Rican adults in Massachusetts
Authors: Guan Yi , Cheng Chia Hsin , Bellomo Luis I. , Narain Sriman , Bigornia Sherman J. , Garelnabi Mahdi O. , Scott Tammy , Ordovás José M. , Tucker Katherine L. , Bhadelia Rafeeque , Koo Bang-Bon
Published: November 2023

Background

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and the ε4 allele (APOE4) may interact with lifestyle factors that relate to brain structural changes, underlying the increased risk of AD. However, the exact role of APOE4 in mediating interactions between the peripheral circulatory system and the central nervous system, and how it may link to brain and cognitive aging requires further elucidation. In this analysis, we investigated the association between APOE4 carrier status and multimodal biomarkers (diet, blood markers, clinical diagnosis, brain structure, and cognition) in the context of gene–environment interactions.

Methods

Participants were older adults from a longitudinal observational study, the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS), who self-identified as of Puerto Rican descent. Demographics, APOE genotype, diet, blood, and clinical data were collected at baseline and at approximately 12th year, with the addition of multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (T1-weighted and diffusion) and cognitive testing acquired at 12-year. Measures were compared between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers, and associations between multimodal variables were examined using correlation and multivariate network analyses within each group.

Results

A total of 156 BPRHS participants (mean age at imaging = 68 years, 77% female, mean follow-up 12.7 years) with complete multimodal data were included in the current analysis. APOE4 carriers (n = 43) showed reduced medial temporal lobe (MTL) white matter (WM) microstructural integrity and lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score than non-carriers (n = 113). This pattern was consistent with an independent sample from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) of n = 283 non-Hispanic White adults without dementia (mean age = 75, 40% female). Within BPRHS, carriers showed distinct connectivity patterns between multimodal biomarkers, characterized by stronger direct network connections between baseline diet/blood markers with 12-year blood/clinical measures, and between blood markers (especially lipids and cytokines) and WM. Cardiovascular burden (i.e., hypertension and diabetes status) was associated with WM integrity for both carriers and non-carriers.

Conclusion

APOE4 carrier status affects interactions between dietary factors, multimodal blood biomarkers, and MTL WM integrity across ~12 years of follow-up, which may reflect increased peripheral-central systems crosstalk following blood–brain barrier breakdown in carriers.
The effect of acupuncture at the Taiyang acupoint on visual function and EEG microstates in myopia
Authors: Su Kangna , Wang Lihan , Wang Zhongqing , Ma Jiayao , Zhang Chao , Bi Hongsheng , Wu Jianfeng
Published: November 2023

Objective

Acupuncture has certain effects to improve myopia visual function, but its neural mechanism is unclear. In this study, we acupunctured at the right Taiyang acupoint of myopic patients to analyze the effects of acupuncture on visual function and electroencephalographic activity and to investigate the correlation between improvements in visual function and changes in the brain.

Methods

In this study, a total of 18 myopic patients were recruited. The contrast sensitivity (CS) of the subjects was examined before and after acupuncture, and electroencephalography (EEG) data of the entire acupuncture process were recorded.

Results

The study found that compared with before acupuncture, the CS of both eyes in myopic patients at each spatial frequency was increased after acupuncture; compared with the resting state, the contribution of microstate C was decreased during the post-acupuncture state, and the transition probability between microstate A and microstate C was reduced; in addition, the contribution of microstate C was negatively correlated with CS at both 12 and 18 cpd.

Conclusion

The contrast sensitivity of myopic patients was improved after acupuncture at the Taiyang acupoint (20 min), which may be related to microstate C.
Workload-dependent hemispheric asymmetries during the emotion-cognition interaction: a close-to-naturalistic fNIRS study
Authors: Lingelbach Katharina , Gado Sabrina , Wirzberger Maria , Vukelić Mathias
Published: November 2023

Introduction

We investigated brain activation patterns of interacting emotional distractions and cognitive processes in a close-to-naturalistic functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study.

Methods

Eighteen participants engaged in a monitoring-control task, mimicking common air traffic controller requirements. The scenario entailed experiencing both low and high workload, while concurrently being exposed to emotional speech distractions of positive, negative, and neutral valence.

Results

Our investigation identified hemispheric asymmetries in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during the presentation of negative and positive emotional speech distractions at different workload levels. Thereby, in particular, activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) seems to play a crucial role. Brain activation patterns revealed a cross-over interaction indicating workload-dependent left hemispheric inhibition processes during negative distractions and high workload. For positive emotional distractions under low workload, we observed left-hemispheric PFC recruitment potentially associated with speech-related processes. Furthermore, we found a workload-independent negativity bias for neutral distractions, showing brain activation patterns similar to those of negative distractions.

Discussion

In conclusion, lateralized hemispheric processing, regulating emotional speech distractions and integrating emotional and cognitive processes, is influenced by workload levels and stimulus characteristics. These findings advance our understanding of the factors modulating hemispheric asymmetries during the processing and inhibition of emotional distractions, as well as the interplay between emotion and cognition. Moreover, they emphasize the significance of exploring emotion-cognition interactions in more naturalistic settings to gain a deeper understanding of their implications in real-world application scenarios (e.g., working and learning environments).
Distinct patterns of personalised dietary advice delivered by a metabotype framework similarly improve dietary quality and metabolic health parameters: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hillesheim Elaine , Brennan Lorraine
Published: November 2023

Background

In a 12-week randomised controlled trial, personalised nutrition delivered using a metabotype framework improved dietary intake, metabolic health parameters and the metabolomic profile compared to population-level dietary advice. The objective of the present work was to investigate the patterns of dietary advice delivered during the intervention and the alterations in dietary intake and metabolic and metabolomic profiles to obtain further insights into the effectiveness of the metabotype framework.

Methods

Forty-nine individuals were randomised into the intervention group and subsequently classified into metabotypes using four biomarkers (triacylglycerol, HDL-C, total cholesterol, glucose). These individuals received personalised dietary advice from decision tree algorithms containing metabotypes and individual characteristics. In a secondary analysis of the data, patterns of dietary advice were identified by clustering individuals according to the dietary messages received and clusters were compared for changes in dietary intake and metabolic health parameters. Correlations between changes in blood clinical chemistry and changes in metabolite levels were investigated.

Results

Two clusters of individuals with distinct patterns of dietary advice were identified. Cluster 1 had the highest percentage of messages delivered to increase the intake of beans and pulses and milk and dairy products. Cluster 2 had the highest percentage of messages delivered to limit the intake of foods high in added sugar, high-fat foods and alcohol. Following the intervention, both patterns improved dietary quality assessed by the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, nutrient intakes, blood pressure, triacylglycerol and LDL-C (p ≤ 0.05). Several correlations were identified between changes in total cholesterol, LDL-C, triacylglycerol, insulin and HOMA-IR and changes in metabolites levels, including mostly lipids (sphingomyelins, lysophosphatidylcholines, glycerophosphocholines and fatty acid carnitines).

Conclusion

The findings indicate that the metabotype framework effectively personalises and delivers dietary advice to improve dietary quality and metabolic health.

Clinical trial registration

isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN15305840.
What are the challenges for implementing an “organic label” to camel milk?
Authors: Konuspayeva Gaukhar , Faye Bernard , Nurseitova Moldir , Akhmetsadykova Shynar
Published: November 2023

Increasing demand for camel’s milk worldwide occurred in the context of the development of the organic sector in agriculture. The implementation of an organic label for camel milk has never been established. However, the creation of such a label faces to important challenges that are investigated in the present paper. Indeed, although camel milk conveys the image of a “natural product” issued from remote places, the risk of being produced in contaminated areas (mining activities, oil extraction) cannot be neglected for grazing animals. Moreover, the management of veterinary drugs for prevention or curative treatment can lead to the presence of residues in milk, especially in camel species with different pharmacokinetics, although similar instructions than for cow milk are used. Moreover, the lack of international standards regarding both composition and hygienic rules, the risks of adulteration, and the necessity to use specific indicators or analytical procedures adapted to the behavior of camel milk, have to be taken in account in the establishment of the specifications for the camel milk producers through the world.
Respiratory distress syndrome prediction at birth by optical skin maturity assessment and machine learning models for limited-resource settings: a development and validation study
Authors: Reis Zilma Silveira Nogueira , Pappa Gisele Lobo , Nader Paulo de Jesus H. , do Vale Marynea Silva , Silveira Neves Gabriela , Vitral Gabriela Luiza Nogueira , Mussagy Nilza , Norberto Dias Ivana Mara , Romanelli Roberta Maia de Castro
Published: November 2023

Background

A handheld optical device was developed to evaluate a newborn's skin maturity by assessing the photobiological properties of the tissue and processing it with other variables to predict early neonatal prognosis related to prematurity. This study assessed the device's ability to predict respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Methods

To assess the device's utility we enrolled newborns at childbirth in six urban perinatal centers from two multicenter single-blinded clinical trials. All newborns had inpatient follow-up until 72 h of life. We trained supervised machine learning models with data from 780 newborns in a Brazilian trial and provided external validation with data from 305 low-birth-weight newborns from another trial that assessed Brazilian and Mozambican newborns. The index test measured skin optical reflection with an optical sensor and adjusted acquired values with clinical variables such as birth weight and prenatal corticoid exposition for lung maturity, maternal diabetes, and hypertensive disturbances. The performance of the models was evaluated using intrasample k-parts cross-validation and external validation in an independent sample.

Results

Models adjusting three predictors (skin reflection, birth weight, and antenatal corticoid exposure) or five predictors had a similar performance, including or not maternal diabetes and hypertensive diseases. The best global accuracy was 89.7 (95% CI: 87.4 to 91.8, with a high sensitivity of 85.6% (80.2 to 90.0) and specificity of 91.3% (95% CI: 88.7 to 93.5). The test correctly discriminated RDS newborns in external validation, with 82.3% (95% CI: 77.5 to 86.4) accuracy. Our findings demonstrate a new way to assess a newborn's lung maturity, providing potential opportunities for earlier and more effective care.

Trial registration

RBR-3f5bm5 (online access: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3f5bm5/), and RBR-33mjf (online access: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-33rnjf/).
Efficacy and safety of transesophageal ultrasound-guided patent foramen ovale closure for migraine in adolescents
Authors: Mi Zeyu , He Gang , Li Chao , Yang Deyu , Liu Xue , Zhao Libo , Gao Hongli , Li Xing , Zhou Xiaogang
Published: November 2023

Objective

This retrospective analysis aims to assess the efficacy of transesophageal ultrasound-guided patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in treating migraine in adolescents and compare the therapeutic outcomes of PFO closure for migraine with and without aura.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 86 cases of adolescents (12–20 years old) who underwent PFO closure for migraine at our institution over the past 3 years. The efficacy was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), headache impact test (HIT)-6, and pediatric migraine disability assessment (PedMIDAS) scores, as well as by assessing the monthly frequency of migraine attacks, duration of each attack, and overall migraine burden. The patients were divided into two groups: an aura group (55 cases) and a non-aura group (31 cases) to investigate difference in therapeutic efficacy between the groups. The effect of residual shunt on migraine burden was assessed.

Results

Among the 86 patients, 46 (54%) experienced complete remission of migraine, while 71 (83%) achieved a >50% reduction in migraine burden during the one-year follow-up period. Patients in the aura group showed more significant improvements in VAS, HIT-6, and PedMIDAS scores, as well as in monthly migraine attack frequency, duration of each attack, and overall migraine burden, than patients in the non-aura group. Moreover, patients with residual shunt did not exhibit statistically significant differences in therapeutic efficacy compared to patients with complete closure.

Conclusion

PFO closure can effectively alleviate migraine symptoms in adolescents with migraine with concomitant PFO. The therapeutic efficacy is particularly pronounced for migraine with aura. Furthermore, minor levels of residual shunt have no effect on the improvement in migraine symptoms.
Prediction of histone deacetylase inhibition by triazole compounds based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Wang Yiran , Zhang Peijian
Published: November 2023

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was conducted to predict the anti-colon cancer and HDAC inhibition of triazole-containing compounds. Four descriptors were selected from 579 descriptors which have the most obvious effect on the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC). Four QSAR models were constructed using heuristic algorithm (HM), random forest (RF), radial basis kernel function support vector machine (RBF-SVM) and support vector machine optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO-SVM). Furthermore, the robustness of four QSAR models were verified by K-fold cross-validation method, which was described by Q2. In addition, the R2 of the four models are greater than 0.8, which indicates that the four descriptors selected are reasonable. Among the four models, model based on PSO-SVM method has the best prediction ability and robustness with R2 of 0.954, root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.019 and Q2 of 0.916 for the training set and R2 of 0.965, RMSE of 0.017 and Q2 of 0.907 for the test set. In this study, four key descriptors were discovered, which will help to screen effective new anti-colon cancer drugs in the future.
Energy conservation theory for second language acquisition (ECT-L2A): a partial validation of kinetic energy–aptitude and motivation
Authors: Kim Peter
Published: November 2023

While language aptitude and motivation are important contributors to second language (L2) attainment, two major gaps in the past research have been 1) a lack of non-linear models stemming from a naïve and tacit assumption that learning outcomes are linearly related to their predictors, and 2) a lack of unified and integrative understanding of key individual differences (ID) variables. This study aims to explore the relationship between motivation and aptitude in the context of second language acquisition using ideas from physics. This is done by seeking to validate several theoretical claims put forth by the energy conservation theory for second language acquisition (ECT-L2A) while attempting to integrate key ID variables into a unified model. In this study, 203 adult Spanish-speaking learners of L2 English were recruited. The participants encompassed a wide range of proficiency levels. To assess their language aptitude, the LLAMA_F test was administered, while motivation was measured using the Attitude Motivation Test Battery. Attainment was gauged through a grammaticality judgment test. Data analysis included correlation assessments, R-squared measures, and orthogonal regression employing the total least-squares method. The correlation analyses and regression findings were consistent with the predictions derived from ECT-L2A. Aptitude exhibited a positive relationship with attainment, but this effect diminished as proficiency increased. Conversely, while all participants displayed motivation to learn, motivation decreased as attainment levels advanced throughout L2 development. The effect of motivation on achievement followed an asymptotic pattern, with its contribution to target language (TL) mastery diminishing. Combining aptitude and motivation as a single unit, the learning trajectory mirrored the curve envisioned by ECT-L2A. The results of this study offer two key interpretations regarding motivation and aptitude in the context of second language acquisition. Firstly, both motivation and aptitude undergo changes in relation to attainment, with their effects varying as learners progress. Secondly, their efficacy in achieving native-like proficiency during L2 development differs significantly. These findings underscore the importance of considering the non-linear and interconnected nature of language aptitude and motivation in understanding their role in L2 acquisition. The implications of these findings for language teaching and learning strategies warrant further exploration.
Measuring trust: a text analysis approach to compare, contrast, and select trust questionnaires
Authors: Alsaid Areen , Li Mengyao , Chiou Erin K. , Lee John D.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Trust has emerged as a prevalent construct to describe relationships between people and between people and technology in myriad domains. Across disciplines, researchers have relied on many different questionnaires to measure trust. The degree to which these questionnaires differ has not been systematically explored. In this paper, we use a word-embedding text analysis technique to identify the differences and common themes across the most used trust questionnaires and provide guidelines for questionnaire selection.

Methods

A review was conducted to identify the existing trust questionnaires. In total, we included 46 trust questionnaires from three main domains (i.e., Automation, Humans, and E-commerce) with a total of 626 items measuring different trust layers (i.e., Dispositional, Learned, and Situational). Next, we encoded the words within each questionnaire using GloVe word embeddings and computed the embedding for each questionnaire item, and for each questionnaire. We reduced the dimensionality of the resulting dataset using UMAP to visualize these embeddings in scatterplots and implemented the visualization in a web app for interactive exploration of the questionnaires (https://areen.shinyapps.io/Trust_explorer/).

Results

At the word level, the semantic space serves to produce a lexicon of trust-related words. At the item and questionnaire level, the analysis provided recommendation on questionnaire selection based on the dispersion of questionnaires’ items and at the domain and layer composition of each questionnaire. Along with the web app, the results help explore the semantic space of trust questionnaires and guide the questionnaire selection process.

Discussion

The results provide a novel means to compare and select trust questionnaires and to glean insights about trust from spoken dialog or written comments.
Parenting styles, empathy and aggressive behavior in preschool children: an examination of mediating mechanisms
Authors: Lin Zhumei , Zhou Ziqian , Zhu Lijun , Wu Weige
Published: November 2023

Introduction

This study examined the interplay between parenting styles, empathy, and aggressive behavior in Chinese preschool children aged 3–5 years.

Methods

Data were collected from 87 participants using the Child Behavior Checklist, Children’s Empathy Quotient, and Parenting Style Questionnaire, and were subsequently analyzed.

Results

The findings revealed significant age and gender differences in empathy, but not in parenting styles or aggressive behavior. Additionally, a substantial correlation was identified between authoritarian parenting style and aggressive behavior, as well as between children’s empathy levels and aggressive behavior. This indicates that empathy may act as a mediator between parenting style and aggressive behavior.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that an authoritarian parenting style influences aggressive behavior both directly and indirectly through its effect on children’s empathy. These results point toward the possibility that an authoritarian parenting style may stifle the development of empathy in preschool children, subsequently heightening their aggressive behavior.
Implicit theories of women preschool pre-service teachers and emotional intelligence
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cobo María José , Cabello Rosario , Fernández-Berrocal Pablo
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Pre-service teachers should be prepared to face the emotionally demanding situations associated with the profession. The previous literature suggests that two variables are important for managing teaching demands: emotional intelligence (EI) or the ability to perceive, facilitate, understand, and manage emotions and implicit theories (ITs). ITs refer to the beliefs about the malleability of various life domains. Individuals can be divided into incremental theorists (believing that attributes are malleable) and entity theorists (attributes are fixed).

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ITs of intelligence and EI on self-report and ability EI in a sample of female preschool pre-service teachers.

Method

In total, 224 participants (M = 21.27, SD = 4.72) were assessed on ability EI (performance and self-report instruments), ITs of intelligence, ITs of EI, age, and parental education.

Results

In our sample, incremental EI—but not intelligence—theories predicted higher scores on self-report and ability EI. In particular, being an incremental theorist of EI predicted 11 and 20% of the variance of the global EI and the managing branch of the ability EI, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest the importance of ITs of EI for pre-service teachers’ emotional intelligence and open the door to implementing ITs of EI training in this population. These theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Managing depression with complementary and alternative medicine therapies: a scientometric analysis and visualization of research activities
Authors: Zhao Fei-Yi , Xu Peijie , Zheng Zhen , Conduit Russell , Xu Yan , Yue Li-Ping , Wang Hui-Ru , Wang Yan-Mei , Li Yuan-Xin , Li Chun-Yan , Zhang Wen-Jing , Fu Qiang-Qiang , Kennedy Gerard A.
Published: November 2023

Background

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) interventions may prove to be an attractive option for the treatment of depression. The aim of this scientometric analysis is to determine the global scientific output of research regarding managing depression with CAM and identify the hotspots and frontiers within this theme.

Methods

Publications regarding the utilization of CAM for treating depression were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection from 1993 to 2022, and analyzed and visualized by Bibliometrix R-package, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace.

Results

A total of 1,710 publications were acquired. The number of annual publications showed an overall rapid upward trend, with the figure peaking at 179 in 2021. The USA was the leading research center. Totally 2,323 distinct institutions involving 7,638 scholars contributed to the research theme. However, most of the cooperation was limited to within the same country, institution or research team. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine was the most productive periodical. The CAM therapies of most interest to researchers were acupuncture and body–mind techniques, such as yoga, meditation and mindfulness. Systematic review and meta-analysis are commonly used methods. “Inflammation,” “rating scale” and “psychological stress” were identified as the most studied trend topics recently.

Conclusion

Managing depression with evidence-based CAM treatment is gaining attention globally. Body–mind techniques and acupuncture are growing research hotspots or emerging trending topics. Future studies are predicted to potentially investigate the possible mechanisms of action underlying CAM treatments in reducing depression in terms of modulation of psychological stress and inflammation levels. Cross-countries/institutes/team research collaborations should be encouraged and further enhanced.
Factors affecting COVID-19’s mental health impact on college students in the southeastern United States
Authors: Chenneville Tiffany , Gabbidon Kemesha , Zharima Campion , Hornschuh Stefanie , Dietrich Janan Janine
Published: November 2023

Emerging evidence confirms COVID-19’s negative impact on college students’ mental health; however, more research is needed to identify factors that promoted or hindered college students’ mental health early in the pandemic. This exploratory study addressed this need. Participants were 697 students attending a large, state, urban university in the southeastern United States. Using a cross-sectional survey design, participants completed an anonymous, online survey assessing socio-demographic variables, mental health issues, and activities during the lockdown period in 2020. Findings suggest college students in the southeastern US who were women or transgender men and had pre-existing mental health conditions, fewer routine activities, and high exposure to COVID-19 news reported more mental health problems early in the pandemic. Students who exercised daily had fewer symptoms of anxiety and post-traumatic stress than students who exercised monthly, but there were no differences in emotional responses to COVID-19 based on exercise frequency. Tailored strategies to address college students’ needs in response to the current or future pandemics are needed and should take into consideration factors that promote or hinder mental health. Patient or Public Contribution: College students were participants in this study. College students who were not participants in this study assisted with the implementation of this study.
Advancing application of satellite remote sensing technologies for linking atmospheric and built environment to health
Authors: Tian Yuxuan , Duan Mengshan , Cui Xiangfen , Zhao Qun , Tian Senlin , Lin Yichao , Wang Weicen
Published: November 2023

Background

The intricate interplay between human well-being and the surrounding environment underscores contemporary discourse. Within this paradigm, comprehensive environmental monitoring holds the key to unraveling the intricate connections linking population health to environmental exposures. The advent of satellite remote sensing monitoring (SRSM) has revolutionized traditional monitoring constraints, particularly limited spatial coverage and resolution. This innovation finds profound utility in quantifying land covers and air pollution data, casting new light on epidemiological and geographical investigations. This dynamic application reveals the intricate web connecting public health, environmental pollution, and the built environment.

Objective

This comprehensive review navigates the evolving trajectory of SRSM technology, casting light on its role in addressing environmental and geographic health issues. The discussion hones in on how SRSM has recently magnified our understanding of the relationship between air pollutant exposure and population health. Additionally, this discourse delves into public health challenges stemming from shifts in urban morphology.

Methods

Utilizing the strategic keywords “SRSM,” “air pollutant health risk,” and “built environment,” an exhaustive search unfolded across prestigious databases including the China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), PubMed and Web of Science. The Citespace tool further unveiled interconnections among resultant articles and research trends.

Results

Synthesizing insights from a myriad of articles spanning 1988 to 2023, our findings unveil how SRMS bridges gaps in ground-based monitoring through continuous spatial observations, empowering global air quality surveillance. High-resolution SRSM advances data precision, capturing multiple built environment impact factors. Its application to epidemiological health exposure holds promise as a pioneering tool for contemporary health research.

Conclusion

This review underscores SRSM’s pivotal role in enriching geographic health studies, particularly in atmospheric pollution domains. The study illuminates how SRSM overcomes spatial resolution and data loss hurdles, enriching environmental monitoring tools and datasets. The path forward envisions the integration of cutting-edge remote sensing technologies, novel explorations of urban-public health associations, and an enriched assessment of built environment characteristics on public well-being.
Multilevel needs assessment of physical activity, sport, psychological needs, and nutrition in rural children and adults
Authors: Greeven Sarah J. , Medellin Andrew M. , Watkins Janette M. , Coble Cassandra J. , Brunnemer Julia E. , Fernández Solá Paola A. , Dutta Sandeep , Hobson James M. , Evanovich Justin M. , Martinez Kercher Vanessa M. , Kercher Kyle A.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Physical activity yields significant benefits, yet fewer than 1 in 4 youth meet federal guidelines. Children in rural areas from low socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds face unique physical activity contextual challenges. In line with Stage 0 with the NIH Stage Model for Behavioral Intervention Development, the objective of the present study was to conduct a community-engaged needs assessment survey with middle school children and adults to identify perceptions, barriers, and facilitators of physical activity, sport, psychological needs, and nutrition from a multi-level lens.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey data collection was conducted with children (n = 39) and adults (n = 63) from one middle school community in the Midwestern United States. The child sample was 33% 6th grade; 51% 7th grade and was 49% female. The adult sample was primarily between 30 and 39 years old (70%) and comprised predominantly of females (85%). Multi-level survey design was guided by the psychological needs mini-theory within self-determination theory and aimed to identify individual perceptions, barriers, and facilitators in line with the unique context of the community.

Results

At the individual level, 71.8% of children and 82.2% of the overall sample (children and adults) were interested in new physical activity/sport programming for their school. Likewise, 89.7% of children and 96.8% of adults agree that PA is good for physical health. For basic psychological needs in the overall sample, relatedness was significantly greater than the autonomy and competence subscales. Children’s fruit and vegetable intake were below recommended levels, yet only 43.6% of children were interested in nutritional programming. Conversely, 61.5% indicated interest at increasing leadership skills. At the policy-systems-environmental level, the respondents’ feedback indicated that the condition and availability of equipment are areas in need of improvement to encourage more physical activity. Qualitative responses are presented within for physical activity-related school policy changes.

Discussion

Interventions addressing children’s physical activity lack sustainability, scalability, and impact due to limited stakeholder involvement and often neglect early behavioral intervention stages. The present study identified perspectives, barriers, and facilitators of physical activity, sport, psychological needs, and nutrition in a multi-level context and forms the initial campus-community partnership between scientists and community stakeholders.
Association between living habits, indoor humidity, ventilation and asthma among residents in the tropical regions of China
Authors: Chen Mingming , Zhang Kun , Zhang Xin , Gao Jun , Zhang Rongguang , Wei Xiaoli , Cao Wenting
Published: November 2023

Objective

Asthma is a major public health problem that affects both children and adults, and its prevalence varies among people with different climatic characteristics and living habits. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors for asthma among tropical residents in China. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the correlation between individuals’ living environment and daily habits in Hainan Province, and the occurrence of asthma.

Methods

This cross-sectional study collected data from 1021 participants in three regions of the Hainan Province. A questionnaire derived from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey was used to collect data on demographics, living habits, self-reported asthma, and respiratory system-related symptoms. Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analyses to screen for relative risk factors associated with asthma.

Results

Among the 1,021 subjects investigated, the prevalence rate of self-reported asthma was 18.6%. Significant risk factors for asthma include hair dyeing, longer living time in Hainan, higher BMI, and living in a damp and musty room. Protective factors included fruit intake, years of higher education, and indoor timing of natural ventilation.

Conclusion

Higher frequency of hair dyeing, higher body mass index (BMI), longer living in Hainan, lower frequency of fruit intake, fewer years of education, a damp and musty room, and no indoor timing natural ventilation were associated with an increased risk of asthma.
Review and critique of current testing protocols for upper-limb prostheses: a call for standardization amidst rapid technological advancements
Authors: Siegel Joshua R. , Battraw Marcus A. , Winslow Eden J. , James Michelle A. , Joiner Wilsaan M. , Schofield Jonathon S.
Published: November 2023

This article provides a comprehensive narrative review of physical task-based assessments used to evaluate the multi-grasp dexterity and functional impact of varying control systems in pediatric and adult upper-limb prostheses. Our search returned 1,442 research articles from online databases, of which 25 tests—selected for their scientific rigor, evaluation metrics, and psychometric properties—met our review criteria. We observed that despite significant advancements in the mechatronics of upper-limb prostheses, these 25 assessments are the only validated evaluation methods that have emerged since the first measure in 1948. This not only underscores the lack of a consistently updated, standardized assessment protocol for new innovations, but also reveals an unsettling trend: as technology outpaces standardized evaluation measures, developers will often support their novel devices through custom, study-specific tests. These boutique assessments can potentially introduce bias and jeopardize validity. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that current validated evaluation methods often overlook the influence of competing interests on test success. Clinical settings and research laboratories differ in their time constraints, access to specialized equipment, and testing objectives, all of which significantly influence assessment selection and consistent use. Therefore, we propose a dual testing approach to address the varied demands of these distinct environments. Additionally, we found that almost all existing task-based assessments lack an integrated mechanism for collecting patient feedback, which we assert is essential for a holistic evaluation of upper-limb prostheses. Our review underscores the pressing need for a standardized evaluation protocol capable of objectively assessing the rapidly advancing prosthetic technologies across all testing domains.
A mechanism of the auroral substorm expansion onset: electric discharge in the double layer
Authors: Song Yan , Lysak R. L.
Published: November 2023

Magnetospheric substorms often occur when a significant amount of energy from the solar wind is deposited and stored in the magnetotail during the growth phase and release explosively in the expansion phase, which accelerates charged particles causing the rapid auroral intensification. A physical mechanism is needed to release the energy explosively. The formation of double layers is a likely mechanism for the energy release and the acceleration of particles and triggers the onset of the expansion phase. We suggest that the localized parallel electric field that forms the double layer results from the displacement current complying with Ampere’s law for the dynamic case. The double layers are embedded in low density cavities surrounded by enhanced magnetic stresses. Positive feedback in the electric field generation may cause rapid release of the accumulated energy. The Poynting flux carried by Alfven waves continuously supplies the energy to maintain strong electric fields during the rapid development of auroral substorms.
Anticancer effects of alpelisib on PIK3CA-mutated canine mammary tumor cell lines
Authors: Yeom Jiah , Cho Yoonju , Ahn Seoungyob , Jeung Soyoung
Published: November 2023

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are commonly observed in old and unspayed female dogs. Recently, dogs have been increasingly spaying at a young age to prevent mammary tumors. These CMTs require extensive local excision and exhibit a high probability of metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and lungs during malignancy. However, the molecular and biological mechanisms underlying CMT development have not been fully elucidated, and research in this area is limited. Therefore, in this study, we established new CMT cell lines by isolating cells from tumor tissues and investigated phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), a target for human breast cancer. PIK3CA mutations were observed at a similar loci as in the human PIK3CA gene in half of all canine samples. Furthermore, we investigated whether alpelisib, a PIK3CA inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for human breast cancer treatment, along with fulvestrant, is effective for CMT treatment. Alpelisib exerted stronger anticancer effects on cell lines with PIK3CA mutations than on the wild-type cell lines. In conclusion, we established new CMT cell lines with PIK3CA mutations and confirmed the efficacy of alpelisib for CMT treatment in vitro.
The Role of Binders for Water-Based Anode Dispersions in Inkjet Printing
Authors: Kolb Cara Greta , Sommer Alessandro , Lehmann Maja , Teixeira Carys-May , Panzer Hannes , Maleksaeedi Saeed , Zaeh Michael Friedrich
Published: November 2023

Binders play a pivotal role in the production and the operation of lithium-ion batteries. They influence a number of key dispersion characteristics and battery parameters. In the light of growing interest in additive manufacturing technologies, binders were found to decisively govern the processability due to the induced complex non-Newtonian behavior. This paper examines the relevance of various binder derivatives for aqueous graphite dispersions that can be employed in inkjet printing. Two different carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derivatives with strongly deviating molecular weights were employed. The impact of the inherent polymer characteristics on the processability and the electrode characteristics were explored. Therefore, miscellaneous studies were carried out at the dispersion, the electrode, and the cell levels. The results revealed that the CMC with the lower molecular weight affected most of the studied characteristics more favorably than the counterpart with a higher molecular weight. In particular, the processability, encompassing drop formation and drop deposition, the cohesion behavior, and the electrochemical characteristics, were positively impacted by the low-molecular-weight CMC. The adhesion behavior was enhanced using the high-molecular-weight CMC. This demonstrates that the selection of a suitable binder derivative merits close attention.