bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the relationship between late endogenous ERP components with fluid intelligence in healthy older adults
Authors: Teixeira-Santos Ana C. , Pinal Diego , Pereira Diana R. , Leite Jorge , Carvalho Sandra , Sampaio Adriana
Published: July 2020

The world population is rapidly aging, bringing together the necessity to better understand the advancing age. This characterization may be used to aid early diagnosis and to guide individually-tailored interventions. While some event-related potential (ERP) components, such as the P300 and late positive complex (LPC), have been associated with fluid intelligence (Gf) in young population; little is known whether these associations hold for older people. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess whether these ERP components are associated with Gf in the elderly. Fifty-seven older adults performed a continuous performance task (CPT) and a visual oddball paradigm while EEG was recorded. Participants were divided into two groups, according to their performance in the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices test: high-performance (HP) and low-performance (LP). Results showed that the HP group, compared to the LP group, had higher LPC amplitudes in the CPT and shorter P300 latencies in the oddball task, highlighting the role of ERP components as a potential electrophysiological proxy of Gf abilities in the elderly.
Monitoring of forage and nutrition before and after reintroduction of banteng (Bos javanicus d’ Alton, 1823) to Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand
Authors: Chaiyarat Rattanawat , Sakchan Poomate , Panprayun Gunn , Thongthip Nikorn , Nakbun Seree
Published: July 2020

Banteng (Bos javanicus) are susceptible to hunting and habitat destruction. Banteng were successfully reintroduced in Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Thus, understanding their adaptation to natural forage species and nutrition is important to enhance the chance for successful reintroduction of the banteng. We studied the adaptation of banteng to natural forages and nutrition before and after the reintroduction in Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary between November 2015 and November 2017.
Four individuals in 2015 and three individuals in 2016 were reintroduced. We analyzed nutritional values before release and after release into the natural habitat. Twenty-four forage species were identified and the ratio of monocots to dicots was 20:80. The highest energy was found in Dalbergia cultrate (17.5 MJ kg−1) in the wet season and Wrightia arborea (19.9 MJ kg−1) in the dry season (p < 0.001). Nutritional values were significantly different among experiments (p < 0.001). Moreover, the macro nutrients including N and Ca in natural forages were the highest in the dry season. In the wet season, micro-nutrients were the highest in dung collected while bantegn were in captivity. Our research improves our understanding of how banteng adapt their foraging after release into the wild, helps in evaluation of the reintroduction, and informs adaptive management of the banteng to support the long term survival of the population.
Crop rotation and tillage management options for sustainable intensification of rice-fallow agro-ecosystem in eastern India
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Mishra Janki Sharan , Rao Karnena Koteswara , Mondal Surajit , Hazra Kali Krishna , Choudhary Jaipal Singh , Hans Hansraj , Bhatt Bhagwati Prasad
Published: July 2020

Presently, rice-fallows are targeted for cropping intensification in South Asia. Rice-fallows a rainfed mono-cropping system remain fallow after rice due to lack of irrigation facilities and poor socio-economic condition of the farmers. Nevertheless, there is the scope of including ecologically adaptable winter crops in water-limited rice-fallow conditions with effective moisture conservation practices. The study aimed to identify the winter-crops that are adaptable and productive in rice-fallow conditions and to evaluate the different tillage-based crop establishment practices for soil moisture conservation, grain yield, economics, and sustainability parameters. Six different crop establishment and residue management (CERM) practices viz.,zero-tillage direct seeded rice (ZTDSR), zero-tillage transplanted rice (ZTTPR), puddled transplanted rice (PTR), ZTDSR with rice residue retention (ZTDSRR+), ZTTPR with rice residue retention (ZTTPRR+), PTR with rice residue retention (PTRR+) as main-plot treatment and five winter crops (chickpea, lentil, safflower, linseed, and mustard) as sub-plot treatment were evaluated in a split-plot design. The productivity of grain legumes (chickpea and lentil) was higher over oilseed crops in rice-fallow conditions with an order of chickpea > lentil > safflower > mustard > linseed. Among the CERM practices, ZTDSRR+and ZTDSR treatments increased the grain yield of all the winter crops over PTR treatment, which was primarily attributed to higher soil moisture retention for an extended period. Grain yield increment with conservation tillage practices was highly prominent in safflower (190%) followed by lentil (93%) and chickpea (70%). Rice grain yield was higher (7–35%) under PTR treatment followed by ZTDSR treatment. Conservation tillage practices (ZTDSR, ZTTPR) reduced energy use (11–20%) and increased the energy ratio over conventional tillage practice (PTR), higher in rice-safflower, rice-lentil and rice-chickpea rotations. Higher net return was attained in rice-safflower and rice-chickpea rotations with ZTDSRR+treatment. Predicted emission of greenhouse gases was markedly reduced in ZTDSR treatment (30%) compared to ZTTPR and PTR treatments. Hence, the study suggests that cropping intensification of rice-fallows with the inclusion of winter crops like chickpea, lentil, and safflower following conservation tillage practices (ZTDSRR+in particular) could be the strategic options for achieving the higher system productivity, economic returns, and energy use efficiency with the reduced emission of greenhouse gases.
Landscape predictors of human–leopard conflicts within multi-use areas of the Himalayan region
Authors: Naha Dipanjan , Dash Suraj Kumar , Chettri Abhisek , Chaudhary Pooja , Sonker Gaurav , Heurich Marco , Rawat Gopal Singh , Sathyakumar Sambandam
Published: July 2020

Conflict with humans is a significant source of mortality for large carnivores globally. With rapid loss of forest cover and anthropogenic impacts on their habitats, large carnivores are forced to occupy multi-use landscapes outside protected areas. We investigated 857 attacks on livestock in eastern Himalaya and 375 attacks in western Himalaya by leopards between 2015 and 2018. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the landscape features which increased the probability of livestock depredation by leopards. The risk of a leopard killing livestock increased within a heterogeneous landscape matrix comprising of both closed and open habitats (very dense forests, moderate dense forests, open forests, scrubland and non-forests). We used the results to map potential human–leopard conflict hotspots across parts of the Indian Himalayan region. Our spatial risk maps indicate pockets in the eastern, central and western part of eastern Himalaya and the central, northern part of western Himalaya as hotspots of human–leopard conflicts. Most of the attacks occurred when livestock were grazing freely within multi-use areas without supervision of a herder. Our results suggest that awareness about high risk areas, supervised grazing, and removing vegetation cover around human settlements should be initiated to reduce predation by leopards.
Large scale validation of a new non-invasive and non-contact bilirubinometer in neonates with risk factors
Authors: Halder Animesh , Adhikari Aniruddha , Ghosh Ria , Singh Soumendra , Banerjee Amrita , Ghosh Nilanjana , Bhattacharya Arnab Madhab , Mandal Shrabani , Chakrabarti Prantar , Bhattacharyya Debasis , Altass Hatem M. , Morad Moataz , Ahmed Saleh A. , Mallick Asim Kumar , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: July 2020

The study was aimed to evaluate the performance of a newly developed non-invasive and non-contact bilirubin measurement device (AJO-Neo) as an alternative to the conventional invasive biochemical method of total serum bilirubin (TSB) estimation in preterm and term neonates suffering from hyperbilirubinemia associated with risk factors, and/or undergoing phototherapy. The safety and efficacy of the device were assessed in 1968 neonates with gestational ages ranging from 28 to 41 weeks and suffering from incidences of hyperbilirubinemia. Linear regression analysis showed a good correlation between AJO-Neo and the conventional method of TSB (Pearson’s coefficient,r = 0.79). The small bias (0.27 mg/dL) and limits of agreements (− 3.44 to 3.99 mg/dL) were within the range of clinical acceptance. The device was also precise in the measurement of bilirubin levels in all subgroups of the study. The receiver operator curve (ROC), that takes account of both sensitivity and specificity of a device showed high efficacy of the device (area under the curve, AUC = 0.83) in the detection of bilirubin. While monitoring the bilirubin level during phototherapy, the device indicated promising results showing good agreement with TSB. Specificities and sensitivities of the device indicated a much higher accuracy in neonates with associated risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia. Hence, the newly developed device (AJO-Neo) is reliable in measuring bilirubin level in preterm, and term neonates irrespective of gestational or postnatal age, sex, risk factors, feeding behavior or skin color.
A portable optical-fibre-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the detection of therapeutic antibodies in human serum
Authors: Zeni Luigi , Perri Chiara , Cennamo Nunzio , Arcadio Francesco , D’Agostino Girolamo , Salmona Mario , Beeg Marten , Gobbi Marco
Published: July 2020

Different lines of evidence indicate that monitoring the blood levels of therapeutic antibodies, characterized by high inter-individual variability, can help to optimize clinical decision making, improving patient outcomes and reducing costs with these expensive treatments. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based immunoassay has recently been shown to allow highly reliable and robust monitoring of serum concentrations of infliximab, with significant advantages over classical ELISA. The next level of advancement would be the availability of compact and transportable SPR devices suitable for easy, fast and cheap point-of-care analysis. Here we report the data obtained with recently developed, cost-effective, optical-fibre-based SPR sensors (SPR-POF), which allow the construction of a compact miniaturized system for remote sensing. We carried out an extensive characterization of infliximab binding to an anti-infliximab antibody immobilized on the SPR-POF sensor surface. The present proof-of-principle studies demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed SPR-POF platform for the specific detection of infliximab, in both buffer and human serum, and pave the way for further technological improvements.
Sensitive and rapid lateral-flow assay for early detection of subclinical mammary infection in dairy cows
Authors: Alhussien Mohanned Naif , Dang Ajay Kumar
Published: July 2020

Detection of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in its initial stage can save great economic losses, improve milk quality and animal welfare. We have developed a semiquantitative lateral flow assay for the detection of SCM in dairy cows targeting myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme of milk neutrophils. A competitive immunoassay format was used, and colloidal gold nanoparticles (GNP) were prepared and used as a labelling agent. Monoclonal anti-MPO antibodies were used and assessed for its quality by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot blot. Conjugation method for GNP and anti-MPO antibodies was standardised, and the conjugate was placed over the conjugate pad. MPO coupled with a carrier protein (OVA) and the species-specific secondary antibodies were placed on test and control lines, respectively. The developed assay was verified with 75 milk samples collected from healthy, SCM and clinical mastitis cows. It displayed a high sensitivity as it could detect MPO as low as 1.5 ng/ml, an accuracy greater than 97% and showed no crossreactivity when crosschecked with other milk proteins. The developed assay can be used as an alternative for SCM diagnostic tests where lab structure are available for obtaining the lysate of milk SCC.
Author Correction: Application of a convolutional neural network for predicting the occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia using heart rate variability features
Authors: Taye Getu Tadele , Hwang Han-Jeong , Lim Ki Moo
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Clinical Validation of Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Testing for Genetic Disorders: A 3 Year Comparative Study
Authors: Almontashiri Naif A. M. , Zha Li , Young Kim , Law Terence , Kellogg Mark D. , Bodamer Olaf A. , Peake Roy W. A.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Gels
Authors: Djabourov Madeleine
Published: July 2020

This chapter is an introduction to polymeric gels. The chemical and physical characteristics of this colloidal state of matter are outlined. The specific properties of the different types of gels are briefly reported, and the derived potential applications are displayed at the end of the chapter. The most promising ones are linked to biomedical applications.
Magnetic Resonance Micro-imaging of Hydrogels
Authors: Mantle M. D. , de Kort D. W.
Published: July 2020

Magnetic resonance micro-imaging is perhaps the single most powerful analytical tool to study hydrogel systems. Its non-invasive, multi-nuclear, quantitative nature give unparalleled information in terms of chemical species identification and quantitation as well as mass transport knowledge in the form of diffusion and flow. The vast majority of the research literature concerning magnetic resonance micro-imaging and hydrogels is found in the pharmaceutical research sphere. In particular hydrogels are studied extensively because of their ability to regulate the release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (drugs) by a diffusion-based control mechanism. This review provides a thorough description of the application of magnetic resonance micro-imaging of hydrogels and covers a period of over thirty years. A comprehensive, but by no means exhaustive, magnetic resonance theory section is also included to alert the reader to the potential pitfalls in magnetic resonance micro-imaging data interpretation. T1 and T2 spin relaxation times as well as molecular diffusion must be accounted for in any data analysis so that quantitative measurements can be extracted from the raw data.
NMR of Supramolecular Gels
Authors: Tamesue Shingo
Published: July 2020

Recently, supramolecular gel materials have attracted considerable attention in various fields including engineering, medical science, and physical science due to their interesting properties, which are not observed in solid materials, liquid materials, and covalent gel materials. During the design and formation of functional supramolecular gel materials, knowledge of the structures and characteristics of supramolecular gels and their components is crucial. To obtain information, researchers focusing on supramolecular gels have utilized various measurement techniques, including absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, rheology, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involves the measurement of the conditions of nuclei affected by their surroundings. NMR is an extensively used and beneficial measurement technique for supramolecular materials as NMR spectra can be recorded under wet and dry conditions. Previously, various NMR measurements have been employed to detect various nuclei and to obtain distance information between nuclei. In this chapter, approaches to examine supramolecular gel materials by NMR measurements with respect to previously reported studies are reviewed.
Multinuclear and Solid State NMR of Gels
Authors: Nonappa  , Kolehmainen E.
Published: July 2020

Over the past six decades, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been an integral part of synthetic organic and organometallic chemistry, as well as biochemistry. Beyond solution state experiments, increasing developments have opened new avenues to study materials in their solid state. Between two extremes (i.e., solution and solid), there exist several other forms of materials, especially soft materials such as gels and liquid crystals. Traditionally gels have been studied using solution state NMR spectroscopic methods. However, the viscosity of complex viscoelastic fluids such as gels affects the molecular tumbling, which in turn affects the chemical shift anisotropy and dipolar and quadrupolar interactions, resulting in broad spectral lines. Therefore, the importance of solid state (SS) NMR in understanding the structural details of self-assembled soft materials has remained unexplored for several decades. Nevertheless, promising results in understanding weak interactions in polymer gels have been explored using solid state cross polarization (CP) and high resolution (HR) magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. However, similar studies and the possibility to utilize SS NMR spectroscopy to study hydro- and organogels derived from low molecular weight gelators have been limited until recently. In this chapter, we will focus on the application of SS NMR to study xerogels, aerogels and native gels with selected examples.
NMR in Food Technology
Authors: Geonzon Lester C. , Descallar Faith Bernadette A. , Matsukawa Shingo
Published: July 2020

The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to elucidate the solution to gel transition of different food hydrocolloids is presented. The experimental results of NMR relaxation times and molecular mobility measurements of agar, agarose, gellan gum and carrageenan solutions are presented, which provide physical pictures describing the gelation mechanism and network structures of the gels. Relaxation time measurements of polysaccharide chains provided information on the tumbling motion and local mobility and flexibility of the chains. Diffusion measurements of polysaccharide chains and added probe polymers gave insights into the conformational changes of polysaccharide chains undergoing a transition from a solution to a gel, particularly the microscopic events of aggregation, polymer immobilization, and changes in probe diffusion during gelation. NMR measurements accompanied by different experimental techniques, such as optical dichroism, dynamic rheological measurements, differential scanning calorimetry and particle tracking, impart a clear picture at different length scales of observation of the gelation mechanism of polysaccharide gels.
An investigation into the magnetic interactions in a series of Dy2single-molecule magnets
Authors: Jin Chaoyi , Li Xiao-Lei , Liu Zhiliang , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Tang Jinkui
Published: July 2020

The SMM behavior and the magnetic interactions within a series of di-nuclear DyIIIcomplexes were elaborated through magnetic investigations andab initiocalculations.
Assessing the viability of K-Mo2C for reverse water–gas shift scale-up: molecular to laboratory to pilot scale
Authors: Juneau Mitchell , Vonglis Madeline , Hartvigsen Joseph , Frost Lyman , Bayerl Dylan , Dixit Mudit , Mpourmpakis Giannis , Morse James R. , Baldwin Jeffrey W. , Willauer Heather D. , Porosoff Marc D.
Published: July 2020

K-Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 is a low-cost, high performance RWGS catalyst suitable for high throughput CO2 conversion into chemicals and fuels.
Formation and transformation of schwertmannite through direct Fe3+ hydrolysis under various geochemical conditions
Authors: Ying Hong , Feng Xionghan , Zhu Mengqiang , Lanson Bruno , Liu Fan , Wang Xiaoming
Published: July 2020

Formation and transformation of schwertmannite through direct Fe3+ hydrolysis were systematically explored under various geochemical conditions.
Reuteransucrase-catalytic kinetic modeling and functional characteristics for novel prebiotic gluco-oligomers
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Ma Yajun , Hu Xiuting , Cui Steve W. , Zhang Tao , Miao Ming
Published: July 2020

Gluco-oligomers synthesized via the reuteransucrase acceptor reaction from sucrose and maltose were found to be excellent prebiotic ingredient candidates for gastrointestinal health.
Variability of sinapic acid derivatives during germination and their contribution to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of broccoli sprouts on human plasma and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Olszewska Monika Anna , Granica Sebastian , Kolodziejczyk-Czepas Joanna , Magiera Anna , Czerwińska Monika Ewa , Nowak Pawel , Rutkowska Magdalena , Wasiński Piotr , Owczarek Aleksandra
Published: July 2020

Broccoli sprout extract rich in sinapic acid derivatives prevents oxidative changes in human plasma and modulates inflammatory response in PBMCs.
Bottom-up synthesis of titanophosphate nanosheets by the aqueous solution process
Authors: Ban Takayuki , Asano Keito , Takai-Yamashita Chika , Ohya Yutaka
Published: July 2020

Highly water-dispersible flake-like titanophsphate nanosheets were synthesized by one-pot process controlling the acid–base reactions between Ti species, phosphoric acid, and the hydroxides of bulky cations in very weakly basic aqueous sols.
Recent progress in hybrid perovskite solar cells through scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy
Authors: Sahare Sanjay , Ghoderao Prachi , Khan Sadaf Bashir , Chan Yue , Lee Shern-Long
Published: July 2020

The contribution of STM techniques is unique in analyzing the topography and opto-electronic properties of the unknown materials.
Core–shell nanostructured electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Yin Xing , Yang Lichun , Gao Qingsheng
Published: July 2020

Core–shell electrocatalysts for water electrolysis are reviewed herein to understand their working mechanism and to guide the design of cost-efficient electrocatalysts.
Two unusual nanosized Nd3+-substituted selenotungstate aggregates simultaneously comprising lacunary Keggin and Dawson polyoxotungstate segments
Authors: Li Hailou , Lian Chen , Chen Lijuan , Zhao Junwei , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: July 2020

Two novel nanosized Nd3+ substituted Keggin–Dawson hybrid selenotungstates 1 and 2 have been prepared and 2 exhibits highly efficient catalytic oxidation of aromatic sulfides.
A PPh3-catalyzed sequential annulation reaction to construct cyclopentane-fused dihydropyrazolone-pyrrolidinediones
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Sun Xiaobin , Miao Zhiwei
Published: July 2020

An effective strategy for the synthesis of cyclopentane-fused dihydropyrazolone-pyrrolidinediones via a PPh3-catalyzed sequential annulation reaction of maleimides and unsaturated pyrazolones has been developed.
Synthesis of indenofurans, benzofurans and spiro-lactones via Hauser–Kraus annulation involving 1,6-addition of phthalide to quinone methides
Authors: Basu Pallabita , Satam Nishikant , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: July 2020

Base mediated 1,6-addition–Dieckmann cyclization of phthalide with quinone methide leads to oxygen heterocycles such as indenofurans, spiro-lactones and benzofurans through a cascade of rearrangements involving multiple ring opening and ring closure.
Single-chain crosslinked polymers via the transesterification of folded polymers: from efficient synthesis to crystallinity control
Authors: Ito Daiki , Kimura Yoshihiko , Takenaka Mikihito , Ouchi Makoto , Terashima Takaya
Published: July 2020

Herein we report efficient synthetic systems of single-chain crosslinked polymers via the intramolecular transesterification of folded random copolymers in organic media and the unique crystallization behavior of their crosslinked polymers.
Insights into the effects of substitution position on the photophysics of mono-o-carborane-substituted pyrenes
Authors: Kim Seonah , Lee Ji Hye , So Hyunhee , Kim Mingi , Mun Min Sik , Hwang Hyonseok , Park Myung Hwan , Lee Kang Mun
Published: July 2020

Mono-o-carborane-substituted pyrenes were prepared and apparently showed the effects of substitution position on their photophysical property.
Long-cavity [Pd2L4]4+ cages and designer 1,8-naphthalimide sulfonate guests: rich variation in affinity and differentiated binding stoichiometry
Authors: Preston Dan , Patil Komal M. , O'Neil Alex T. , Vasdev Roan A. S. , Kitchen Jonathan A. , Kruger Paul E.
Published: July 2020

Long cavity dual domain [Pd2L4]4+ cages bind long, dual domain guests, with tunable binding affinities and stoichiometries.
Data fusion by joint non-negative matrix factorization for hypothesizing pseudo-chemistry using Bayesian networks
Authors: Puliyanda Anjana , Sivaramakrishnan Kaushik , Li Zukui , de Klerk Arno , Prasad Vinay
Published: July 2020

We infer reaction networks and chemistry using data fusion of spectroscopic sensors.
Structure–selectivity relationships for polyol hydrogenolysis over Ru catalysts
Authors: Kühne Benjamin , Glasder Sarah , Vogel Herbert , Kröner Christine , Haji-Begli Alireza , Kunz Markwart , Kunz Sebastian
Published: July 2020

The conversion of C6 sugar alcohols (hexitols) and other polyols over Ru catalysts was investigated regarding structure–activity and structure–selectivity relationships by testing various structurally different polyol reactants.
Interrogating surface versus intracellular transmembrane receptor populations using cell-impermeable SNAP-tag substrates
Authors: Poc Pascal , Gutzeit Vanessa A. , Ast Julia , Lee Joon , Jones Ben J. , D'Este Elisa , Mathes Bettina , Lehmann Martin , Hodson David J. , Levitz Joshua , Broichhagen Johannes
Published: July 2020

Impermeable SNAP-tag substrates allow exclusive labelling of receptors on the cell membrane for nanoscopy, SiMPull and in vivo use.
Recent advances and comprehensive insights on nickel oxide in emerging optoelectronic devices
Authors: Gong Yongshuai , Zhang Shuai , Gao Huaizhi , Ma Zongwen , Hu Siqian , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: July 2020

A summary of recent advances and comprehensive insights of NiO in emerging optoelectronic devices, such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells (PerSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs) and various light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Morphology control in metallosupramolecular assemblies through solvent-induced steric demand
Authors: Bäumer Nils , Kartha Kalathil K. , Palakkal Jasnamol P. , Fernández Gustavo
Published: July 2020

Morphology control in assemblies of a new bolaamphiphilic Pt(ii) complex was achieved by precisely tuning the steric demand of the side chains depending on the type of solvent used (water or non-polar).
Universal scaling in active single-file dynamics
Authors: Dolai Pritha , Das Arghya , Kundu Anupam , Dasgupta Chandan , Dhar Abhishek , Kumar K. Vijay
Published: July 2020

The single-file dynamics of various models of interacting scalar active particles shows universality. The cluster size distribution and tagged-particle MSD scale with density and activity parameters with the same scaling functions across all models.
A triple atom catalyst with ultrahigh loading potential for nitrogen electrochemical reduction
Authors: Chen Zhi Wen , Chen Li Xin , Jiang Ming , Chen Dachang , Wang Zhi Li , Yao Xue , Singh Chandra Veer , Jiang Qing
Published: July 2020

A triple atom catalyst of Fe3-GDY/Gra with the theoretical loading of 35.8 wt% is explored for NRR, which shows an outstanding catalytic activity with the potential of m0.26 V vs. RHE due to the unique properties of Fe3 active sites.
Nanostructured conducting polymers and their composites: synthesis methodologies, morphologies and applications
Authors: Xue Yu , Chen Shuai , Yu Jiarui , Bunes Benjamin R. , Xue Zexu , Xu Jingkun , Lu Baoyang , Zang Ling
Published: July 2020

Nanostructured conducting polymers have been widely studied and applied in state-of-the-art technologies over the past few decades because they simultaneously offer the features of polymeric conductors and the nano-size effect of nanomaterials.
Molecular salt crystals with bis(head-to-tail) interionic complementary assembly for efficient organic THz generators
Authors: Kim Deokjoong , Kim Won Tae , Seok Jin-Hong , Yu In Cheol , Jazbinsek Mojca , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O-Pil
Published: July 2020

New ionic organic crystals with bis(head-to-tail) complementary cation–anion assembly result in extremely efficient THz wave generation due to strong interionic binding interactions and parallel alignment of nonlinear optical cationic chromophores.
Neutrophil elastase triggers the development of autoimmune diabetes by exacerbating innate immune responses in pancreatic islets of non-obese diabetic mice
Authors: Shu Lingling , Zhong Ling , Xiao Yang , Wu Xiaoping , Liu Yang , Jiang Xue , Tang Tao , Hoo RubyLaiChong , Zhou Zhiguang , Xu Aimin
Published: July 2020

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulted from self-destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. However, the pathological pathways that trigger the autoimmune destruction remain poorly understood. Clinical studies have demonstrated close associations of neutrophils and neutrophil elastase (NE) with β-cell autoimmunity in patients with Type 1 diabetes. The present study aims to investigate the impact of NE inhibition on development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. NE pharmacological inhibitor (sivelestat) or biological inhibitor (elafin) was supplemented into NOD mice to evaluate their effects on islet inflammation and diabetogenesis. The impact of NE inhibition on innate and adaptive immune cells was measured with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. A significant but transient increase in neutrophil infiltration accompanied with elevated NE activity was observed in the neonatal period of NOD mice. Treatment of NOD mice with sivelestat or elafin at the early age led to a marked reduction in spontaneous development of insulitis and autoimmune diabetes. Mechanistically, inhibition of NE significantly attenuated infiltration of macrophages and islet inflammation, thus ameliorating cytotoxic T cell-mediated autoimmune attack of pancreatic β cells. In vitro studies showed that NE directly induced inflammatory responses in both min6 β cells and RAW264.7 macrophages, and promoted macrophage migration. These findings support an important role of NE in triggering the onset and progression of β-cell autoimmunity, and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of NE may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of autoimmune diabetes.
Recent developments in antibody therapeutics against prion disease
Authors: Frontzek Karl , Aguzzi Adriano
Published: July 2020

Preclinical evidence indicates that prion diseases can respond favorably to passive immunotherapy. However, certain antibodies to the cellular prion protein PrPC can be toxic. Comprehensive studies of structure–function relationships have revealed that the flexible amino-terminal tail of PrPC is instrumental for mediating prion toxicity. In a first-in-human study, an anti-prion antibody has been recently administered to patients diagnosed with sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob's disease, the most prevalent human prion disease. Moreover, large-scale serosurveys have mapped the prevalence of naturally occurring human anti-prion autoantibodies in health and disease. Here, we provide a perspective on the limitations and opportunities of therapeutic anti-prion antibodies.
Discriminative sparsity preserving projection via global constraint for unconstrained face recognition
Authors: Ying Tong , Shen Yuehong
Published: July 2020

The unconstrained face images collected in the real environments include many complicated and changeable interference factors, and sparsity preserving projections cannot well characterise the low‐dimensional intrinsic structure embedded in the high‐dimensional unconstrained face images, which is important for subsequent recognition task. To deal with this problem, in this study the authors propose a new dimensionality reduction method named as discriminative sparsity preserving projection via global constraint. It seeks an optimal sub‐space in which the samples in intra‐classes are as compact as possible, while the samples in inter‐classes are as separable as possible by adopting the compactness constraint terms of reconstruction coefficients and the penalty terms of global distribution. Extensive experiments are carried out on Faces in Labeled the Wild database and PubFig database which are two representative unconstrained face sets, and the corresponding experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Recommendation method of smart TV programs reflecting content consumption concentration calculation
Authors: Kim Jaekwang
Published: July 2020

The proliferation of smart TVs and the surge of broadcasting contents due to the effects of Internet broadcasting and the creation of comprehensive programming channels have provided an environment in which various programs can be selected and consumed by TV viewers today. However, it is very time‐consuming for users to select the programmes that people want by identifying the contents of a large number of programmes. Therefore, it is necessary to study the recommendation of TV programmes with high user satisfaction based on the user's viewing history. However, the research to date does not consider how focused the programme was when generating a list of programmes viewed by the user. As a result, we recommend TV programmes with relatively low satisfaction by recommending TV programme without distinction between the TV programme and the TV programme. In this study, we propose a method to calculate the concentration of content consumption based on user's TV programme consumption pattern and to recommend smart TV programme based on it. In order to verify the proposed method, we compared the satisfaction with the existing method based on the TV viewing records of the top 100 who had many TV watching records.
Investigations to Hygroscopic Aerosol Growth Within the Convective Boundary Layer
Authors: Althausen Dietrich , Reigert Andrew , Wandinger Ulla , Reichardt Jens
Published: July 2020

We present a new method to determine the hygroscopic growth of atmospheric particles. This method combines lidar measurements with high temporal resolution of the particle backscatter coefficient and water vapor mixing ratio with temperature measurements from radiosondes and a microwave radiometer. The hygroscopic growth is described by an equation that represents the two observed branches of the growth curve with different dependencies on the relative humidity. An example is presented to illustrate a first result from a continental air mass case.
Is Near-Spherical Shape “the New Black” for Smoke ?
Authors: Gialitaki Anna , Tsekeri Alexandra , Amiridis Vassilis , Ceolato Romain , Paulien Lucas , Proestakis Emmanouil , Marinou Eleni , Haarig Moritz , Baars Holger , Balis Dimitris
Published: July 2020

We present smoke lidar measurements from the Canadian fires of 2017. The advected smoke layers over Europe are detected at both tropospheric and stratospheric heights, with the latter presenting non-typical values of the Particle Linear Depolarization Ratio (PLDR) with strong wavelength dependence from the UV to the Near-IR. Specifically, the PLDR values are of the order of 22, 18 and 4% at 355, 532 and 1064 nm respectively. In an attempt to interpret these results, we apply the hypothesis that smoke particles have near-spherical shapes. Scattering calculations with the T-matrix code support other findings in the literature ([1]- [2]), showing that the near-spherical shape (or closely similar shapes as in [2]), is the only shape that has been shown to reproduce the observed PLDR and Lidar Ratio (LR) values of the stratospheric smoke particles at the three measurement wavelengths.
Aerosol Field Influence on the Retrieval of the Ozone Vertical Column Densities from Pandora 2S Measurements
Authors: Dandocsi Alexandru , Nemuc Anca , Nicolae Doina , Belegante Livio , Cede Alexander , Tiefengraber Martin
Published: July 2020

Total ozone and other trace gases are measured and reported regularly due to the increased interest started with the ozone hole discovery but the new satellites dedicated to worldwide observations of these species need both short-and long-term well calibrated ground based observation for validation procedures.

The ESA/NASA Pandora network established a sophisticated, automatic calibration procedure that utilizes a variety of narrow-line and broadband emission lamps with temperature control for their UV-Vis-NIR spectroradiometers. In this study, we describe additional calibration efforts for ozone retrievals.

In this paper we explore the local aerosol field influence on the retrieval of the ozone spectra from PANDORA 2S measurements using collocated lidar and sunphotometer measurements and proposed a methodology to be implemented in the calibration procedure of the instruments.
Atmospheric Mercury in China Studied with Differential Absorption Lidar
Authors: Zhao Guangyu , Duan Zheng , Lian Ming , Svanberg Sune
Published: July 2020

Mercury is a very serious environmental pollutant which is intensely studied by many researchers. China is a main producer and consumer of mercury. We have pursued extensive monitoring of atomic mercury using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique, based on a newly constructed mobile monitoring system. Mercury levels in major cities (Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, Xi´a n) were measured, as well as in mercury mining areas in Wanshan, Guizhou province. Further, mercury emissions from the Emperor Qin Mausoleum in Xi´an were investigated together with archaeologists.
Correlation Study of Planetary-Boundary-Layer-Height Retrievals from CL51 and CHM15K Ceilometers with Application To PM2.5 Dynamics in New York City
Authors: Li Dingdong , Gross Barry , Wu Yonghua , Moshary Fred
Published: July 2020

Planetary-boundary-layer-height (PBLH) plays a critical role in the study of urban air quality, weather and climate. Continuous observation is critical in understanding air pollution processes and evaluation of air quality/ weather models in the complex urban environment. In this study, we observe the PBLH variation using multiple ceilometers and lidar in New York City (NYC) during both the summer and winter time and explore the potential correlation with ground PM2.5. An automated quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) method is developed to optimize the PBLH determination from the ceilometers (Vaisala CL51 and Lufft CHM15k) product. The PBLHs from the two ceilometers and lidar show good consistency (R2=0.68~0.88) during the convective PBL period at 15:00-21:00 UTC (10:00-16:00 EST). We also investigate the seasonal variation and diurnal evolution of PBLH and demonstrate an inverse relation between the PBLH and PM2.5 during the morning transient period of PBLH growth. Further, the correlation between the ceilometer-attenuated backscatter and ground PM2.5 and its dependences on the vertical altitude are analyzed, showing that the aerosols in the PBL are more deeply mixed while also being influenced by the relatively high humidity variability during the summer.
The Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming Impact on Mid-Latitude Surface Weather
Authors: Wang Yuke , Evtushevsky Oleksandr , Milinevsky Gennadi , Shulga Valery , Yukhymchuk Yuliia , Han Wei , Shulga Dmitri , Grytsai Asen
Published: July 2020

The possible relation of a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) with the mid-latitude surface weather conditions was investigated using data from the ERA-Interim and NCEP–NCAR reanalyzes. An important feature of the SSW event is the impact on lower altitudes, when temperature and wind anomalies descend downward into the high- and mid-latitude troposphere during the weeks or even month and influence the surface weather [1, 2]. Owing to known SSW impacts on the surface weather [2], we consider the possible relation of the SSW event in winter 2018 to cold weather anomaly in the Northern Ukraine and North-East China in February 2018.
Iaoos Observations of Aerosols and Clouds in the High Arctic by Autonomous Drifting Lidar Platforms
Authors: Pelon J. , Di Biagio C. , Mariage V. , Genau P. , Loyer L. , Raut J.-C. , Ancellet G.
Published: July 2020

New drifting platforms have been deployed within the French project IAOOS (Ice-Atmosphere-Ocean Observing System) in the Arctic since 2014. Radiation and meteorological parameters are measured at the surface and profiles of aerosol and cloud properties are obtained with autonomous backscatter lidar systems. These platforms are indeed equipped for ocean-ice-atmosphere studies over the Arctic to better understand processes and interactions controlling sea-ice changes [1]. As stations in the Arctic are sparse, they can also be used as reference measurements for satellite observations. They are deployed in the Arctic almost every year and allow to perform regular measurements of the vertical structure and optical properties of the atmosphere in complement to satellite observations. Other data on snow, ice and ocean are simultaneously measured. Comparisons were made with CALIPSO/CALIOP observations. Measurements on the atmosphere are presented and results are discussed.
Saharan Dust Events Over the Northern Mediterranean: 4 Years of Measurements Over 4 Earlinet Stations
Authors: Soupiona Ourania , Papayannis Alex , Mylonaki Maria , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Ortiz-Amezcua Pablo , Mamouri Rodanthi E. , Groß Silke , Papanikolaou Christina A. , Kokkalis Panagiotis
Published: July 2020

Four years (2014-2017) of observations of depolarization Raman Lidar systems of four EARLINET (European Aerosol research Lidar Network) stations [from West to East: Granada (Spain), Potenza (Italy), Athens (Greece) and Limassol (Cyprus)] were collected and used to a statistical analysis of Saharan dust events over Mediterranean basin.

In this study, emphasis is given to the consistency of the particle linear depolarization ratio (δp532), the extinction-to-backscatter ratio mentioned as Lidar Ratio (LR532) and the Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT532) within the observed Saharan dust layers, corresponding to the visible range (532 nm). Geometrical properties and clusters of aerosol mixtures are also presented. Our clustering was based on previous classification by airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) observations and was further supported by backward trajectory analysis. We found mean δp532 values of 0.24±0.05, 0.26±0.06, 0.28±0.05 and 0.28±0.04, mean LR532 values of 52±8 sr, 51±9 sr, 52±9 sr and 49±6 sr, mean AOT532 values of 0.40±0.31, 0.11±0.07, 0.12±0.10 and 0.32±0.17 and mean layer thicknesses of 3392±1458 m, 2150±1082 m, 1872±816 m and 1716±567 m for Granada, Potenza, Athens and Limassol respectively.

This work could assist in bridging the existing gaps related to the extensive and intensive dust aerosol properties over the Mediterranean and enriching the bibliography about mixed aerosol layers from different sources (e.g. dust and biomass burning (BB) aerosols, dust and urban/ industrial aerosols).
Comparison Between Single-Aperture and Multi-Aperture Approaches to Computer Correction of Images
Authors: Dudorov Vadim , Eremina Anna
Published: July 2020

The effectiveness of the reconstruction of images formed by single- and multi-aperture systems and distorted by an atmospheric turbulence is analyzed in this work. Based on numerical simulation, we show that the use of multi-aperture observation systems for the computer correction of atmospheric distortions under anisoplanar conditions can significantly reduce the exposure time. Main distortions are well corrected during image synthesis for a short exposure time, which corresponds to a “frozen” turbulence. The time required for the correction of residual small-scale distortions is an order of magnitude shorter than in the case of synthesis of long-exposure images with the use of traditional single-aperture observation systems.
Development of Direct-Detection Doppler Wind Lidar for Vertical Atmospheric Motion
Authors: Ishii Shoken , Aoki Makoto , Tominaga Kanna , Nishizawa Tomoaki , Jin Yoshitaka , Sugimoto Nobuo , Shibata Yasukuni , Sato Atsushi , Sato Kaori , Okamoto Hajime
Published: July 2020

Wind is fundamental in many atmospheric phenomena. Global wind profile observation is important to improve numerical weather prediction (NWP) and various meteorological studies. Wind profile observations are measured mainly by radiosonde networks. A Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) is a useful remote sensing technique for wind measurement. DWL would provide us with a wind profile having high vertical resolution, low bias, and good precision. The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) studies DWL has been developing various DWL. In the paper, we report development of a 355-nm direct-detection DWL and describe recent results of a 2-µm coherent DWL at NICT.
Observations and Models of Turbulence During Heat Events in Complex Urban Coastal Regions Using Multiple Doppler Wind Lidars
Authors: Arend Mark , Ligon Dave A. , James Deryck , Campmire Mark J. , Melecio-Vazquez David , Gonzalez Jorge , Moshary Fred
Published: July 2020

Multiple Doppler Lidars have been co-operated in the NYC region during the summer of 2018 to provide detailed observations of the turbulent atmosphere especially during heat wave events. The co-operating Doppler Lidar observations allow for mean flows to be distinguished from complex flows so that a better understanding of the transport of air masses can be provided to investigate the fidelity of high resolution numerical weather prediction models that are being developed to interpret and model turbulence during such events.
Remote Sensing of Stable Boundary Layer of Atmosphere
Authors: Banakh V.A. , Smalikho I.N. , Falits A.V.
Published: July 2020

The stability of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) has been studied experimentally with a Stream Line coherent Doppler wind lidar and an MTP-5 temperature profilometer. Two-dimensional height-time distributions of the parameters characterizing the ABL temperature regime and wind turbulence, namely, the Richardson number, the dissipation rate of the kinetic energy of turbulence, the variance of fluctuations of the radial velocity, and the outer scale of turbulence, have been obtained. The amplitudes and period of oscillations of wind velocity components during atmospheric waves arising in the stable ABL have been determined.
Research on a Wind Lidar Without Blind Zone Based on the Technologies of Pseudo Random Code Phase Modulation and Heterodyne Detection
Authors: Yang FU , Liu Zheng , Zhu Xiaopeng
Published: July 2020

In this measurement method, a wind lidar system with no blind zone based on the technologies of heterodyne detection and pseudorandom code phase modulation is proposed. The simulation results show the feasibility of the method. 15m range resolution and 7.75cm/s line of sight (LOS) wind velocity resolution can be achieved from 0 m to 300m, when the laser transmitted power is 2mW, the transmitted pulse length is 100us, the receiving telescope aperture is 2cm, and an accumulation times of 10. The simulation results also show the positive effect of the transmitted pulse length.