bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF INCENTIVES OF EMPLOYEES OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS
Authors:   State Biotechnology University, Odarchenko Dmytro , Spodar Kateryna ,   State Biotechnology University, Karbivnycha Tetiana ,   State Biotechnology University
Published: May 2024

The article examines the effectiveness of the incentive system for employees of the domestic hotel chain PJSC "UKRPROFTUR" and analyzes the needs for training and professional development through a sociological survey of the company's personnel. Factors affecting the readiness of personnel to improve their qualifications are considered. It has been established that most employees consider the creative element to be the least developed in the company's work and that this aspect has nothing to do with their work. As part of the experiment, it was determined that staff turnover is a problem due to the insufficient development of the employee rotation system. After all, measures to train employees cannot be implemented, and employees are fired rather than change departments. It was established that the reward for competences and high training results exists only in some units, which also negatively affects the general perception of the need for staff training. The problem of lack of cooperation between the training system and the organization's experts was identified: the personnel management system of PJSC "UKRPROFTUR" provides training for managers and key experts, but the participation in training of ordinary specialists is quite low. The limitation of training programs is a factor affecting the desire of employees to acquire knowledge. It was found that the training plans in the company were not developed well enough. At the stage of employee training planning, training needs, training goals and their quantitative characteristics (evaluation criteria) are determined. The motivation to acquire knowledge is not consistent with the curriculum to be implemented. For PJSC "UKRPROFTUR", the incentive to directly train and develop employees is of crucial importance for the company's competitiveness, and the impossibility of timely planning of training is a disadvantage for the management. Thus, the main problem of the system of in-house personnel training was revealed – the discrepancy between the needs of the personnel in the field of competence acquisition and the existing educational programs. It is necessary to make changes to the existing internal training programs.
INTERNATIONAL TAXATION OF INCOME PAID TO NON-RESIDENTS: APPLICATION OF TAX RATES AND ACCOUNTING ASPECTS
Authors:   State Tax University, Zanko Borys
Published: May 2024

The article examines the main aspects of international taxation of incomes paid with a source of origin in Ukraine by legal entities – residents for the benefit of legal entities – non-residents. Such income includes dividends, interest, freight, royalties, engineering income, etc. A legal entity – resident may be obliged to comply with the provisions of tax legislation to tax such income with corporate income tax, which is also called "non-resident income tax" or "repatriation tax". An analysis of the norms of the Tax Code of Ukraine, which regulate the procedure for payment of non-resident income tax, was carried out. The composition of residents who must act as tax agents when paying income to non-residents and withholding non-resident income tax was studied. Attention is paid to the rates that should be applied by legal entities – residents when taxing incomes paid from Ukraine to legal entities – non-resident. The term is specified when legal entities – residents, which have withheld tax from the income of non-residents, must transfer this tax to the budget. An analysis of tax legislation was carried out in terms of the application of international treaties for the avoidance of double taxation. Cases were considered when legal entities – residents, when paying income to legal entities – non-residents, should not withhold non-resident income tax at the source of the payment. The conditions under which legal entities – residents can reduce the amount of non-resident income tax paid to the budget or avoid paying this tax have been studied. Attention is focused on the document that confirms that the non-resident is a tax resident of the relevant country, which means that he can claim tax benefits (for example, claim a reduced tax rate on his income). The conditions under which the controlling body can refuse to grant tax benefits regarding the exemption of income from taxation or the application of a reduced rate on non-resident income tax to these incomes are considered. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the reflection in the accounting of the legal entity – resident of the operation of payment of income from Ukraine in favor of the legal entity – non-resident and the accounting of withheld nonresident income tax.
ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS OF FISCAL MECHANISMS OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF NATIONAL ECONOMIES
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Loboda Nataliya , Chabaniuk Odarka ,   Lviv University of Trade and Economics
Published: May 2024

The article examines the specifics and peculiarities of the functioning of various types of taxes in the European taxation system of the European Union and OECD countries and substantiates the practice of their application in Ukraine. It is well known that the economic development of the country directly depends on the formed tax policy in the state. Under the conditions of dynamic changes in economic relations and a competitive market environment, tax legislation also changes, which varies a lot in different countries, depending on their geographical location, organization and conditions of conducting business activities. Based on the generalizations of various scientific works and current practice, various ways of taxation in European countries have been researched and analyzed and their comparative advantages have been assessed, taking into account factors of competitiveness (maintaining low marginal tax rates, which will contribute to the inflow of investments into the country – economic growth – obtaining the maximum profits, and this will lead to the payment of appropriate taxes and the filling of the country's budget) and neutrality.The ranking of the system of indicators of the European tax policy of the countries of the European Union and OECD countries (such as Switzerland, Turkey, Norway, Great Britain, Iceland) is summarized and determined. To understand why each country has such positions in the European taxation system, each tax and its impact on the country's economy is analyzed.The need for further development and improvement of the taxation system in the context of the restructuring of the Ukrainian economy, when major transformations are taking place in the country in the socio-economic and political spheres, as well as the desire of our country to integrate into the European Community is substantiated.At the end of the article, conclusions are made about the need to use the experience of the European Union and OECD countries in tax administration, which will create prerequisites for the proper reform of the tax system in the realities of Ukraine. The state can introduce certain reductions in tax rates for certain groups of goods, following the example of EU countries. Such measures will stimulate Ukrainian enterprises to focus more attention on the quality and usefulness of the offered products.
Synthesis And Characterizaition Of Biscyclic β - Lactams As Blood Cholestrol Inhibitors
Authors: Salman Wisam Obaid
Published: May 2024

This study is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of the 3-(4-chlorophenyl) bicyclic azetidin -2-one 3a. This compound 3a was prepared by reacting 3-(4-chlorophenyl) acetic acid with the appropriate Schiff’s base 2a in the presence of triethylamine with phosphorusoxychloride in dry dichloromethane under nitrogen atmosphere at -10˚C. The active acid chloride reacts with triethylamine to generate corresponding ketene in situ which further reacts with Schiff’s base to furnish corresponding 3-(4-chloroPhenyl)bicyclic azetidin 2–ones 3a.And it was a study of the activity biological to compound 3a to inhibition of cholesterol in the blood of some laboratory animals.
Differential Quadrature Method for solving the linear and nonlinear Klein - Gordon Equation
Authors: Hussein Ahmed J.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, numerical solution of Klein –Gordon equation is obtained by using differential quadrature method (DQM).This method is demonstrated by several examples. we compare the results with exact solution our results show this method is powerful and efficient for solve Klein –Gordon equation
Productive response of dual-purpose cows supplemented with chelate minerals and calcium salts
Authors: Ley de Coss Alejandro , SOLIS VAZQUEZ AGUSTÍN , ZAMBRANO CASTILLO BEATRIZ , ALONSO BRAN REYNERIO ADRIÁN , MONTAÑEZ VALDEZ OZIEL DANTE , GUERRA MEDINA CÁNDIDO ENRIQUE
Published: May 2024

Objective: To evaluate milk production, body condition and ethological behavior of grazing cows supplemented with chelated minerals and calcium salts, in dry tropical conditions.
Design/methodology/approach: Two treatments were evaluated, T1 = Base feeding (grazing + 4 kg of concentrated feed cow-1 day-1 (CF); T2 = CF + 300 g cow-1 day-1 of nucleus (chelated minerals + calcium salts) (N). Milk production data were evaluated during 32 days in four periods of seven days, the body condition at the beginning, 15 and 30 days after the evaluation, and the ethological behavior of the cows.
Results: In cows supplemented with nucelus, milk production increased 19.9% (P ≤ 0.05); body condition improved 0.5 units, there was no difference in grazing time (P>0.05) and rumination time was longer (P ≤ 0.05).
Limitations on study/implications: The response to reproductive variables was not assessed in this study/reproductive activity is likely to improve in response to improved body condition.
Findings/conclusions: By supplementing dual-purpose cows in the first third of lactation with chelated minerals and calcium salts, milk production increases, and body condition and rumination time improve.
Ética y política. Ruptura o afinidad en un país convulso
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Ortiz Acosta Juan Diego , Navarro Ramos Jesús Arturo
Published: May 2024

En el marco de incertidumbres propio de nuestra época, la desconfianza en la política, lo político y muy especialmente en las y los políticos, proviene justamente de la falta de valores éticos democráticos que incidan tanto en la esfera de lo público como en la interiorización personal de capacidades de juicio sobre lo que es bueno y lo que es malo para lograr objetivos individuales y colectivos. Este libro estudia el caso mexicano en donde la ética política está cuestionada, así como las rupturas que se presentan como falsos dilemas de la ética.
Modelling Habitat Suitability and Distribution of the Endemic Mindanao Horned Frog (Pelobatrachus stejnegeri) and its Response to Changing Climate
Authors:   Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines – Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 4031 Email: nslobite@up.edu.ph, Lobite Neil Jun Sala
Published: May 2024

Climate change is already affecting biodiversity, with special concern to endemics whose range is restricted and limited. This study focuses on the Mindanao horned frog (Pelobatrachus stejnegeri), an endemic species to the Philippines, susceptible to climate-induced habitat changes. Using MaxEnt species distribution model (SDM), the current and future (year 2050 projections) habitat suitability and distribution of P. stejnegeri were modelled. Results showed that annual mean temperature, elevation, and annual precipitation were the environmental variables having the highest influence on P. stejnegeri's distribution. The model predicts a significant range contraction under representative concentration pathways (RCP) future scenarios (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5), with a more pronounced decrease in distribution (31.72%) under the high emission scenario (RCP 8.5). These findings emphasize the vulnerability of P. stejnegeri to climate change and highlight the importance of integrating SDM into conservation and management strategies to protect endemic species under changing climatic conditions.
ENUMERATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOGRAM OF BACTERIA ISOLATES FROM HAND-DUG WELL WATER IN BOSSO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Authors: Usman Aisha , Ekainu Victor Eche , Adedeji Abdulameen Saheed , Abdullahi Hafsah Muhammad , Mustapha Kaltum Umar , Majin E. N.
Published: May 2024

Regular water supply surveillance is crucial in low-income nations like Nigeria, where households often rely on alternative sources, predisposing preventable water-borne diseases. Therefore, this study determined the occurrence and antibiogram of bacteria in hand-dug well water in Bosso metropolis, Nigeria. Exactly 10 well water samples were collected and processed for bacteria isolation and identification using standard microbiological techniques. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined via Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion techniques. The total viable bacteria count ranged from 0.45×103 cfu/mL to 2.15×104 cfu/mL, while the total coliform bacteria count ranged from 0.27×103 cfu/mL to 8.91×104 cfu/mL. Out of the 18 different bacteria isolated, Pseudomonas species had the highest occurrence (26.9%), and the least (3.9%) was observed for each of Shigella sp., Klebsiella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Also, 7 out 26 bacterial isolates isolated were multidrug-resistant. Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Klebsiella sp. were susceptible (100%) to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, though resistant (100%) to ampicillin and amoxycillin/clavulanate. All the Gram-negative bacteria isolates except Salmonella sp. were susceptible to gentamycin. Similarly, Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., and Salmonella sp. exhibited varied resistance to nitrofurantoin (71–100%), cefuroxime (50–100%), and ceftazidime (42.9–100%). Bacillus sp., Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Streptococcus sp. were resistant to cloxicillin and amoxycillin/clavulanate. In addition, Bacillus sp. (100%) and Enterococcus sp. (100%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin while remaining susceptible to ofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanate. Our findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced water quality and public health measures in the study areas...
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, FTIR CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DOUM PALM (HYPHAENE THEBAICA)
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim Shuaibu , Birniwa Abdullahi Haruna
Published: May 2024

The doum palm fruit (Hyphaene thebaica), a native of northern Africa, is an oval, edible fruit that grows on desert palm trees. It grows extraordinarily well in the northern part of Nigeria as well. It is a member of the palm family Arecaceae. The optimal process for making an aqueous extract from raw doum fruit was determined using the extraction methods. The crushed doum fruit is soaked for 12 days at room temperature in a solution of methanol and ethanol. The plant's crude pericarp powder was used in the new study's phytochemical screening procedure using conventional phytochemical techniques. Tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpenes, and terpenoids were found in the extract in low and moderate concentrations, according to the phytochemical examination. To get high-spectral-resolution data over a broad spectral range, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is utilized. Doum palm plants are a highly significant source of bioactive components that may be helpful in the creation of novel chemotherapeutic drugs. The results of FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of O-H, C-H, C=C, C=O, C-O, and C-H functional groups. The result shows the frequencies of 3268 cm-1,  2925 cm-1, 1719 cm-1, 1607 cm-1, 1443 cm-1 and 1287 cm-1  from Methanol extract and 3283 cm-1, 2925 cm-1, 1719 cm-1, 1611 cm-1, 1104 cm-1 and 992 cm-1 from Ethanol extract. The microbial activity of the doum palm fruit extract has shown a greater effect on Salmonella typhi and Escheria coli at high concentration of about both microbial organism but no effect at lower concentration of...
Characterization and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Filler Epoxy Composite
Authors: Chockalingam Palanisamy , Perumal Logah , Krishnan Ganeshkumar
Published: May 2024

The outstanding mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) have made them the focus of extensive investigation. To characterize and study the effects of the different volume fraction of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites attempted. The purpose of this work is to use experimental techniques to ascertain the mechanical characteristics of the nanocomposite. Tests on mechanical tensile strength were conducted to see how the MWCNT filler content affected the reinforced epoxy nanocomposite. The result of altered percentage of MWCNTs on the mechanical properties of the composites had been inspected. Results showed that 0.2 wt% MWCNT addition has the best effect on the mechanical properties of the matrix.
Genetic Algorithm-Based Multitier Ensemble Classifier for Diagnosis of Heart Disease
Authors: Thirumalaiappan Ramanathan Thirumalaimuthu , Hossen Md. Jakir , Sayeed Md. Shohel
Published: May 2024

Designing a hybrid or ensemble data mining system appropriate to the application is a research challenge. Heart disease is a life threatening disease that need to be recognized correctly in the starting stage before it becomes more complex. Using artificial intelligence techniques in a hybrid and ensemble architecture can support the prediction of heart disease more effectively based on the given sample cases. This paper proposes a classification system called genetic algorithm-based ensemble classification system (GA-ECS) for the identification of heart disease. As feature selection is the crucial step before applying the data mining techniques, the genetic algorithm is used in GA-ECS to identify the best features in a given dataset. The Cleveland heart disease dataset is used for testing GA-ECS. The performance of GA-ECS is compared with different machine learning classifiers for the prediction of heart disease. GA-ECS showed a promising outcome with an accuracy of 90% for the diagnosis of heart disease.
Validity and Reliability of a Conceptual Framework on Enhancing Learning for Students via Kinect: A Pilot Test
Authors: Too Marianne , Lau Siong Hoe , Tan Choo Kim
Published: May 2024

Traditional method of teaching poses two significant problems – not all students learn alike, and the physical interaction needed poses health risk during pandemic. As such, for these students, an alternative learning method such as those that uses natural user interface (NUI) can be considered. This method would be beneficial for kinesthetic type learners and can be conducted remotely. The alternative learning program is a complementary method, thus still incorporates the current subject syllabus. However, the delivery, learning and execution of the syllabus will be varied. In minimizing these gaps found in the current Malaysian education system, a conceptual framework utilizing Microsoft Kinect is proposed. Since this is a new framework, a pilot study is needed to gauge the validity and reliability of the survey instrument prior to embarking on further study on the outcome of the alternative learning program. Face and content validity conducted on the questionnaire were found to be clear, not confusing, and measures what the questions were supposed to measure. Reliability measured using Cronbach’s Alpha indicated values above the acceptable range. Thus, these results indicate that the instrument is valid and reliable to be applied for data collection in the future study to assess the intention of Malaysian students to adopt an alternative medium for learning.
An international, prospective observational study on traumatic brain injury epidemiology study protocol: GEO-TBI: Incidence
Authors: Joannides Alexis , Korhonen Tommi Kalevi , Clark David , Gnanakumar Sujit , Venturini Sara , Mohan Midhun , Bashford Thomas , Baticulon Ronnie , Bhagavatula Indira Devi , Esene Ignatius , Fernández-Méndez Rocío , Figaji Anthony , Gupta Deepak , Khan Tariq , Laeke Tsegazeab , Martin Michael , Menon David , Paiva Wellingson , Park Kee B. , Pattisapu Jogi V. , Rubiano Andres M. , Sekhar Vijaya , Shabani Hamisi , Sichizya Kachinga , Solla Davi , Tirsit Abenezer , Tripathi Manjul , Turner Carole , Depreitere Bart , Iaccarino Corrado , Lippa Laura , Reisner Andrew , Rosseau Gail , Servadei Franco , Trivedi Rikin , Waran Vicknes , Kolias Angelos , Hutchinson Peter ,   NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury,   The GEO-TBI Collaborative
Published: May 2024

Background The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unclear – it is estimated to affect 27–69 million individuals yearly with the bulk of the TBI burden in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs). Research has highlighted significant between-hospital variability in TBI outcomes following emergency surgery, but the overall incidence and epidemiology of TBI remains unclear. To address this need, we established the Global Epidemiology and Outcomes following Traumatic Brain Injury (GEO-TBI) registry, enabling recording of all TBI cases requiring admission irrespective of surgical treatment. Objective The GEO-TBI: Incidence study aims to describe TBI epidemiology and outcomes according to development indices, and to highlight best practices to facilitate further comparative research. Design Multi-centre, international, registry-based, prospective cohort study. Subjects Any unit managing TBI and participating in the GEO-TBI registry will be eligible to join the study. Each unit will select a 90-day study period. All TBI patients meeting the registry inclusion criteria (neurosurgical/ICU admission or neurosurgical operation) during the selected study period will be included in the GEO-TBI: Incidence. Methods All units will form a study team, that will gain local approval, identify eligible patients and input data. Data will be collected via the secure registry platform and validated after collection. Identifiers may be collected if required for local utility in accordance with the GEO-TBI protocol. Data Data related to initial presentation, interventions and short-term outcomes will be collected in line with the GEO-TBI core dataset, developed following consensus from an iterative survey and feedback process. Patient demographics, injury details, timing and nature of interventions and post-injury care will be collected alongside associated complications. The primary outcome measures for the study will be the Glasgow Outcome at Discharge Scale (GODS) and 14-day mortality. Secondary outcome measures will be mortality and extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) at the most recent follow-up timepoint.
Sjálfstæðar mæður: Ráðskonustarfið sem bjargráð fyrir einstæðar mæður á síðari hluta 20. aldar
Authors: Kaldakvísl Dalrún
Published: May 2024

Í þessari grein er sjónum beint að sögu einstæðra mæðra sem gerðust ráðskonur í sveit á síðari hluta 20. aldar. Greinin byggir á viðtölum sem tekin voru við fyrrum ráðskonur, í því skyni að miðla sjónarhorni kvennanna sjálfra. Rýnt er í ástæðurnar að baki því hvers vegna konur réðu sig í ráðskonuvist á sveitaheimili á þessu tímabili Íslandssögunnar, sem einkenndist af sívaxandi sókn kvenna á vinnumarkaðinn og mikilli uppbyggingu velferðarkerfisins. Fjallað er um hvernig ráðskonustarfið þjónaði sem hálfgildings félagslegt úrræði fyrir einstæðar mæður sem voru á hrakhólum í efnahagslegu og atvinnulegu tilliti – úrræði sem gagnaðist mörgum einstæðum mæðrum vel en var engu að síður brigðult líkt og sögur þeirra sýna.
Digitalization of the Central Sci-tech Library within the context of building of the regional unit of the State System of Sci-tech Information in Donetsk People’s Republic
Authors:   Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Soldatova Victoria V. , Kurgan Elena G. ,   Institute for Scientific and Technical Information,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: May 2024

The authors deal with the problem of bringing activities of the ISTI Library to conformity with the Model Standard. The origins and current state of the library are described. The role of digitalization in the Library’s transfer to the modern standard services is examined. The provisions for expected outcomes of the Library’s digitalization are described. The importance of digitalization in building the regional unit of the State System of Sci-tech Information (SSTI) is substantiated.
Estado del arte de la prospectiva del uso de baterías de iones de litio en autos híbridos: evaluaciones ambientales y desarrollo industrial sostenible en Latinoamérica
Authors: Moyón Moyón Carmen del Rocio , Gavilanes Yunga Lizeth Alejandra , Huilca Modumba Luis Ángel , Lema Rodríguez Juan Diego
Published: May 2024

Introducción: En la actualidad el almacenamiento de energía mediante el uso de baterías de iones de Litio se ha vuelto más popular, fundamentalmente por características como el enorme potencial de almacenamiento, la integración de energías renovables para su carga y por supuesto la aplicabilidad de movilidad eléctrica. El rendimiento de las baterías de iones de Litio se ha visto afectado debido a la degradación acelerada, así como las diferentes condiciones ambientales agresivas de ciertas ciudades. El sector industrial del triángulo de Litio que integran Chile, Argentina y Bolivia se ha visto beneficiado con el uso de baterías de ion-Litio, sin embargo, el desarrollo industrial sostenible anclado a la protección del medio ambiente es una de las falencias que no contempla un escenario positivo para Sudamérica. Objetivo: Analizar la prospectiva sobre el uso de baterías de iones de Litio en autos híbridos tomando como referente las evaluaciones ambientales y desarrollo industrial sostenible en Latinoamérica. Metodología. Uso del diseño no experimental, nivel descriptivo de corte cualitativo basado en la revisión bibliográfica de artículos, tesis y libros. Resultados: A nivel de la región es incipiente el manejo de leyes en manejo responsable del Litio, lo que deviene en conflictos sociales por el uso del agua, un recurso indispensable para las comunidades. Además, en la industria de vehículos híbridos no se maneja un desarrollo industrial sostenible, pese a que el volumen de venta aun no es significativo. Conclusión: Se concluyó que la prospectiva del uso de baterías ion-Litio anclado al desarrollo industrial sostenible y cuidado del medio ambiente avizora en la región políticas débiles en la gestión del Litio y manejo responsable del agua, donde alternativas como economía circular, reutilización de baterías y asesoramiento a poblaciones se convierten en alternativas de solución en los países de la región.
Risk Factors of Community Acquired Pneumonia among Under Five Children in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Rajshahi
Authors: Ara Chaman , Sharmin Laila Shamima , Begum Fardoushi , Sarker Sanchita , Sarker Sanchita , Hossain Md Belal , Yeasmin Shahida , Haque Md Sanaul
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) top the list of causes of under five children mortality in the world. Proper assessment of these risk factors and controlling them may help decrease the morbidity and mortality in under-five children suffering from CAP in Bangladesh and thereby help in improving the quality of life of our future generation.
Objective: To assess the risk factors of CAP  among  under  five children  ( 2-59 months )  in a  tertiary  level hospital in Rajshahi.
Materials and methods: This is a case control study which was carried out in the department of Pediatrics and EPI center of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, RMCH from January 2017 to December 2018 to determine the risk factors of CAP among under five children. For this study, total 246 children, aged 2 months to 59 months, were selected   by purposive sampling technique. 123 were cases who were taken from indoor and 123 were healthy controls who were taken from out patients department & EPI centre. After taking written consent from guardians, history was taken and physical examination was done. All informations were recorded in a predesigned data sheet. Chi-square test and odds ratio were used to demonstrate level of significance.
Results: Among 246 children greater number of patients of both group were male and came from rural area. Cases were predominant under 12 months and came from lower socioechonomic status. A statistically significant association was found between social class and CAP (<0.001), father’s literacy was inversely related to CAP (p value <0.001). Types of housing, ventilation of living room , overcrowding, types of fuel and cookers used for cooking, parental smoking , malnutrition, history of diarrhea and presence of  anemia , prematurity and low birth weight  were   significantly associated with CAP ( p  value  <0.05) .
Conclusion: Proper assessment of these risk factors and controlling them may help decrease the morbidity and mortality in under-five children suffering from CAP in Bangladesh and thereby help in improving the quality of life of our future generation.
TAJ 2023; 36: No-2: 145-153
Effect of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab with Laser Photocoagulation versus Combination of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab with Triamcinolone Acetonide in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Sarker Sujit Kumar , Nag Dipak Kumar , Ali Md Yousuf , Haque Naimul , Tasmia Shammee
Published: May 2024

Background & Objective: Recently there are various treatment modalities for the patients of diabetic macular edema. So, it is very difficult to choose the option. This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of combination of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab with laser photocoagulation versus combination of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab with triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of DME.
Methods & Materials: A prospective observational study was conducted on 50 eyes of fifty patients who were diagnosed with DME at vitreo-retina department of NIO&H. They were divided into 2 groups, Group A (treated with bevacizumab with laser photocoagulation) and Group B (treated with intra-vitreal bevacizumab with triamcinolone acetonide). Follow-up pattern was set after 1 and 3 months of intervention. All the baseline data and outcome data were recorded in a pre-designed data collection sheet and was statistically analyzed by SPSS version 23.
Result: Mean baseline BCVA was 0.57±0.29 (SD) Log MAR in group A and 0.70±0.26 (SD) Log MAR in group B (p=0.57). BCVA was 0.40±0.32 (SD) and 0.40±0.37 (SD) in group A and 0.58±0.28 (SD) and 0.45±0.36 (SD) in group B during 1st and 2nd follow-up respectively. Comparison of mean BCVA between two groups at final follow-up was not significant. Improvement of CMT from baseline in every follow up in each group was significant but comparison of mean CMT between two groups at final follow-up was not significant (p=0.64). Though the difference of baseline IOP of both groups are statistically significant, comparison of mean IOP between two groups at final follow-up was not significant (p=0.67).
Conclusion: There was significant improvement in mean BCVA and mean CMT within the group in each follow-up. At final follow-up, Combination of intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide shows better improvement which is non-significant.
TAJ 2023; 36: No-2: 179-184
Evaluation of Pediatric Femur Shaft Fractures Treated with a Titanium Elastic Nailing System (TENS): A Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Daula Murad Ud , Hossain Mohd Alamgir , Yazdanee Rizvi , Azam Abbease Shakhawout , Abdul Alim S M Monjur Morshed
Published: May 2024

Background: Pediatric femur shaft fractures are common in children, especially in developing countries, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Titanium Elastic Nail System (TENS) has now become the preferred stabilization method in pediatric long bone fractures, particularly femoral shaft fractures.
Objective:This study was to evaluation of the Titanium Elastic Nailing System (TENS) for intramedullary fixation of pediatric femoral shaft fractures.
Materials and Methods:The study conductedMulticentered based non-randomized prospective study was performed in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from January 2021 to December 2022.There was a total of n=40 pediatric patients (5-16 years old; 31 males, 9 girls) who had retrograde TENSfixing for femoral diaphyseal fractures. Gustilo and Anderson's classification criteria were used to classify fractures into Grades I through III.
Results: TENS was a safe and effective treatment option for pediatric femur shaft fractures, with all patients achieving fracture healing without major complications. The mean duration of follow-up was 21 months (range 3-39 months). After an average of 9 weeks, the radiographic union was confirmed for all fractures with grade 3 callus development, and by 9.5 weeks, patients may recover full weight bearing. Flynn's criteria evidenced an excellent outcome in 33 patients (82.5 %) and a good outcome in 7 patients (17.5 % Six patients had limb lengthening, four had varus mal-alignment, and three had rotational. In 4 cases, closed reduction failed, and 2 required nail corkscrewing.
Conclusion:The study TENS is a reliable treatment option for pediatric femur shaft fractures in a resource-limited setting like Bangladesh. It is a minimally invasive technique that allows early mobilization and reduces the risk of complications associated with traditional treatment methods.
TAJ 2023; 36: No-2: 201-206
Evaluation of brittleness of restorative materials of light polymerization based on the analysis of signals obtained by acoustic emission method.
Authors:   Lviv National Medical University named after Danyla Halytskoho, Lviv, Ukraine, Kukhta V. , Mykyievych N. ,   Lviv National Medical University named after Danyla Halytskoho, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Topicality. A large number of light polymerization materials used in dentistry for the restoration of both anterior and canine teeth due to their aesthetic and mechanical properties determine the relevance of their comparative studies. Any restorative dental material, similarly to natural teeth, must possess sufficient mechanical durability in order to function in the oral cavity over an extensive period of time. In view of this, investigation of mechanical properties of such materials is the clinical task of paramount importance. The objective of the research is to analyse strength characteristics and features of destructive processes of lighthardening composite materials under three-point pressure with the application of the acoustic emission method (AE). Materials and methods. Samples were made from composite filling materials Latelux, Tetric N-Ceram, Charisma Classic, Filtek Z250, which were afterwards pressed until their complete destruction on the CBP-5 machine. In the process of fracture initiation and development signals were recorded by a portable eight-channel SKOP-8M measuring system. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were determined, in addition to dynamics of material fracture being studied by the acoustic emission method. Results. It has been established that the nature of the destruction of Latelux, Tetric N-Ceram and Charisma Classic materials is elastic and plastic at the initial stage of pressure, with the transition to brittle during its further growth, whereas the destruction of the Filtek Z250 material is brittle. Conclusion. The signals accompanying the destruction of the Tetric N-Ceram composite appear to have the highest amplitude and energy, while those accompanying the destruction of Latelux demonstrate the lowest amplitude and energy. Tetric N-Ceram nanohybrid composite shows the highest resistance to destruction. Key words: composite materials, strength, elasticity, pressure, destruction, acoustic emission.
Los procesos de restauración colectivos en el patrimonio arquitectónico
Authors: Sánchez-Laulhé José
Published: May 2024

En esta contribución me voy a centrar en un tipo de patrimonio muy concreto: la construcción, edificio o entorno urbano. Queda para el lector/lectora la decisión de si estas premisas se pueden extender a otros ámbitos de la restauración o no. Utilizaré como referencia mi formación, y posicionamiento, en arquitectura y un proyecto cooperativo del que soy parte realizado en la antigua Fábrica de Sombreros de Fernández y Roche en Sevilla.
Technology of dry extract from the Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. and preliminary assessment of its safety profile
Authors: Avdeeva E. Yu. , Skorokhodova M. G. , Sheikin V. V. , Kadyrova T. V. , Belousov M. V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Medicines of natural origin have advantages over synthetic drugs and occupy a significant share in the assortment of pharmacies. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., characterized by a chemical composition rich in phenolic compounds and various types of biological activity has the potential in terms of the development of new herbal medicines. In an in vivo experiment, F. ulmaria extract showed immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, osteogenic activity and effectively stimulated myelopoiesis in conditions of microbial damage of bone tissue.

Aim. Development of an optimal technology for obtaining dry extract of F. ulmaria by remaceration and investigation of its аcute toxicity.

Materials and methods. The technology of extract was developed in a laboratory reactor equipped with a water heater jacket and a stirrer. The content of flavonoids was determined by differential spectrometry. Flowability was determined on a flowability tester for powders and granules, bulk density was determined on a bulk density tester for powders and granules, moisture content was developed on a moisture content analyzer. Acute toxicity was determined on Wistar rats.

Results and discussion. The dry extract of F. ulmaria, obtained using 70 % ethanol by remaceration, is effective in conditions of microbial damage of bone tissue and bone marrow, which determined the choice of extragent and the type of extract. The optimal parameters for obtaining the extract were determined (three-fold maceration at a water jacket temperature of 80 °C, the ratio of raw materials to extragent 1 : 14, time 30 min), its main technological characteristics were determined and a wet granulation method for improving them was proposed. In the study of acute toxicity of the extract, according to the results of toxicometry for 14 days after administration and necropsy data, the studied extract was classified as low-toxic substance.

Conclusion. The dry extract of F. ulmaria, obtained by remaceration using 70 % ethanol, has specific activity in conditions of microbial damage to bone tissue. Optimal extraction parameters allow to increase the yield of target components, it is advisable to improve the technological parameters of the extract by wet granulation. The assessment of the safety profile of the dry extract from F. ulmaria, along with its high biological activity, provides a perspective for its further study and implementation into medical practice.
Utilisation Potentielle De Chatgpt Dans L'apprentissage Des Langues Etrangères : Exploration Des Possibilités Selon Les Niveaux Langagiers Du CECRL
Authors: Dündar Oğuz İbrahim
Published: May 2024

Cet article explore les possibilités d'utiliser ChatGPT, un agent conversationnel basé sur l'intelligence artificielle, dans l'apprentissage des langues étrangères. L'article commence par définir les termes tels que "Chatbot", "Intelligence Artificielle", "Traitement Automatique des Langues" et "Génération de Langage Naturel", afin de fournir un contexte approprié. Ensuite, il examine les différentes activités langagières définies et propose des utilisations potentielles de ChatGPT pour chacune de ces activités. Les possibilités d'utilisation de ChatGPT dans l'apprentissage des langues étrangères comprennent la pratique de la conversation écrite, la correction grammaticale, l'enrichissement du vocabulaire, la compréhension écrite, les jeux de rôles et simulations écrites, la préparation aux examens écrits, les activités de traduction, les exercices de grammaire et de conjugaison, les explications grammaticales et bien d’autres. L'article propose également une illustration des avantages de ChatGPT selon les niveaux langagiers du CECRL avec l’utilisation des exemples de questions de production écrite ainsi que des extraits de textes pour la compréhension écrite.
Manajemen Senin Bahagia Dalam Mengembangkan Guru SD Negeri Paripurna yang Berkualitas
Authors: Salam Cecep Abdul
Published: May 2024

Manajemen Senin Bahagia dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi SD Negeri Paripurna yang dianggap perlu meningkatkan pelaksanaaan program sekolah terutama guru untuk memenuhi kebutuhan peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen Senin Bahagia dalam mengembangkan Guru SD Negeri Paripurna yang berkualitas. Adapun dalam penelitian ini, Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah observasi, pengalaman empiris penulis sebagai Kepala Sekolah dan studi literatur yang mempunyai relevansi kekinian mengenai topik Senin Bahagia yang sedang dibahas. studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan bahan-bahan dari jurnal, artikel, buku serta sumber lainnya berkaitan dengan Manajemen Senin Bahagia dalam meningkatkan kualitas guru SD Negeri Paripurna yang berkualitas. Hasil Kajian menunjukan bahwa (1) Penerapan strategi manajemen “Kudu nepi samẻmẻh indit” atau “harus sampai sebelum pergi” yang diterapkan Kepala Sekolah SD Negeri Paripurna (2) upaya-upaya menyediakan guru berkualitas dengan komitmen manajemen Senin Bahagia diantaranya terdapat fakta surat pernyataan komitmen dari guru untuk melaksanakan musyawarah setiap hari senin setelah jam pelajaran selesai (3) Terdapat partisipasi guru dalam bentuk proses pengenalan atau identifikasi masalah mengadakan monitoring dan evaluasi atas pekerjaannya, melaporkan kegiatannya, dan memberikan saran dalam pemecahan masalah, terdapat tim peningkatan mutu dan kendali mutu, terdapat kegiatan perbaikan, pelatihan guru, penghapusan sebab kesalahan, dan pengakuan atau aspirasi bagi mereka yang terlibat dalam peningkatan mutu pembelajaran di SD Negeri Paripurna.
Chemical Recycling of Polypropylene
Authors:   , Jenks Michael James Francis
Published: May 2024

There are various types of plastic produced and used today in society. Depending on the plastic type and also the application, different recycling techniques are best suited to recovering as much value (in a economic but mainly environmental sense) as possible. One of the most abundant plastics in our world is polypropylene (PP). This can be a difficult plastic to recycle and as we are pushing for a circular economy we need to find ways to recycle the less pure and more mixed plastic waste streams. Chemical recycling (in this case catalytic pyrolysis) offers an opportunity to break down the polymer chains into either valuable products or to intermediate products that can be further processed by a refinery into valuable products and/or into the building blocks for new plastics.

Catalytic pyrolysis in this research looks at heating up a small amount of a polymer in a reactor along with a catalyst material. As the temperature increases the polymer will first melt and then start to react with the catalyst material to produce shorter hydrocarbon chains. If these chains are short enough such that they are in a gaseous form they will diffuse outwards and be carried towards a measurement device (gas chromatography) to enable quantification of the products. The reaction pathway is highly complex as the products can also react with one another to form further products and thus the exact reactor/catalyst conditions can make a significant difference to the products leaving the reactor.

The main catalyst material that we studied was a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst. This catalyst is used industrially to crack crude oil fractions which in some ways are chemically similar to PP. The ICC research group has vast experience in characterising and studying these catalyst materials so it was a good starting point for our research. The first interesting result we found was the discarded FCC catalyst seemed to outperform the fresh FCC catalyst material in our reaction conditions. We continued our study into trying to understand why this was the case and it seems that the metals (i.e., Fe, Ni, V) deposited on the FCC catalyst particles during the FCC process actually help with the cracking of PP. The location of the deactivating coke species was also much different for the fresh vs discarded FCC catalysts, further suggesting quite a different reaction scheme taking place.

Due to the importance of the reaction conditions, in the final chapter of the Thesis there is the outline of the design of a continuous throughput reactor. This reactor vessel allows feeding plastic into the reactor over the course of the reaction and allows for further studies and also more industrially applicable studies.

The conclusions of this work is that although there are some promising options for the recycling of plastic, by far the easiest and simplest solution to producing less plastic waste is to produce less plastic in the first place.
Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan: Analisis Budaya Sebambangan Perspektif Feminisme
Authors: Setiawati Ririn , Lessy Zulkiply
Published: May 2024

Culture is basically an important thing in society, but there are some cultures that have a more negative impact. The culture that appears in general still clearly shows its alignment with men, one of these cultures is the Sebambangan culture. Sebambangan culture is more inclined to men so that it puts women in a disadvantaged position. The purpose of this study is to examine Sebambangan culture from the point of view of Feminism. The research method in this paper is a descriptive-qualitative method with a Feminist approach. The population in this study is the entire Lampung tribal community by taking samples using a purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that based on feminism studies, the sebambangan culture makes women marginalized and subordinated in society. Based on this, the existence of a culture that has more negative impacts can certainly be repaired or abandoned.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Keterwakilan Perempuan di Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) Klapanunggal
Authors: Mendrofa Definitif
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyze women's participation in the management of the Village Consultative Body. In terms of filling BPD members, one of which is carried out based on women's representation. In this study, researchers will use a qualitative research method with a case study type used as a way to analyze research findings with data collection techniques through literature study and field research in the form of interviews. Research Results Implementation of women's involvement in the Klapanunggal Village Consultative Body has met the requirements for one of the BPD members based on women's representation, namely that of the nine management members of the Klapanunggal BPD there is one woman with a position as a member of the Village Administration and Community Development Sector. However, counseling or outreach to the community needs to be maximized regarding the meaning of gender equality and about women's representation in politics and government.