bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Presence of Anti-TPO Antibodies Increase the Likelihood of
Post-I131 Hypothyroidism
Authors: Quataert Felix , Bravenboer Bert , Keyaerts Marleen , Andreescu Corina Emilia
Published: November 2023

The use of radioactive iodine in the treatment of hyperthyroidism is common
practice. However, a standardized treatment protocol with regard to radioactive
iodine treatment (RAI) remains subject to discussion. We retrospectively
analyzed 100 patient records. Patient diagnosis, age, gender, body mass index
(BMI), dose of radioactive iodine, thyroid size, the 24 h radioiodine
uptake (24 h RAIU) and protein bound iodine (PBI) were deducted, as well
as the use of antithyroid drugs prior to RAI. Biochemical parameters were
obtained, such as TSH, fT4, fT3, Anti-TPO, Anti-TG antibodies and thyroid
stimulating antibodies. After 5 years of follow-up, 46% of the patients
proved to be hypothyroid, whereas 8% of the patients were not cured
after one dose of RAI. One year after RAI, a larger proportion of patients with
a toxic nodule developed hypothyroidism compared to patients with a multinodular
goiter (MNG) (44.2% vs. 21.2%). Radioactive iodine dose, PBI,
RAIU, BMI, size of the thyroid gland, diagnosis, age and TPO-antibodies showed
statistically significant differences in the development of hypothyroidism.
Furthermore, thiamazole pretherapy was shown to be a predictor of
hypothyroidism, as well as a high PBI value, exhibiting a positive predictive
value of 85.2% when the PBI exceeded 0.16. We suggest a standardized
measurement of TPO-Ab’s to further determine their role in the
development of hypothyroidism after RAI. The empirical dosing regimen was very
effective, illustrating a 92% cure rate after 1 dose.
Total Synthesis of the Pyrrole Alkaloids Strychnuxinal and Strychnuxin
Authors: Reber Keith P. , Okwor Neechi F. , Gujarati Priyansh D.
Published: November 2023

The first asymmetric total syntheses of the fused-pyrrole alkaloids strychnuxinal and strychnuxin have been achieved in 6 and 7 steps, respectively, starting from commercially available (±)-4-chlorostyrene oxide. Key steps in the synthetic route include a regioselective epoxide opening, a reductive etherification sequence to form the central 1,4-oxazine ring, and a late-stage phenol synthesis using a mild palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction. Notably, the optimized synthetic sequence presented avoids the use of traditional protecting groups. Total synthesis of these two structurally related natural products confirmed both their constitution (via NMR and X-ray crystallography) and their absolute configuration (via optical rotation).
Zygmunt Grudziński, 1870–1929
Authors: Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Panas-Goworska Marta , Szczerbo-Trojanowska Małgorzata
Published: November 2023

This history page in the series “Leaders in MSK Radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of Zygmunt Grudziński, Polish radiologist at the University of Warsaw and founder of the Polish Society of Radiology and Polish Radiological Review, the first radiology journal.
A Case of Uterine Fibroid Associated with Gallbladder Polyp Treated with Homoeopathy
Authors: Rath Padmalaya , Jain Shruti
Published: November 2023

Uterine fibroids are benign growths in female reproductive system. The presentation of uterine fibroid varies, if it is symptomatic; it may include abnormal uterine bleeding or abdominal pressure and heaviness distressing the patient both physically and mentally. A case of a female patient aged 45 years with prolonged uterine bleeding for 10 to 12 days and pain in lower abdomen for 1 year is reported here. Imaging study showed multiple uterine fibroids with grade II fatty liver and gallbladder polyps. Constitutional homoeopathic medicine Phosphorus was prescribed. This case report is an example of speedy recovery by homoeopathy as evident from decrease in symptoms (visual analogue score) and ultrasonography of abdomen report which shows not only the regression of fibroids but also disappearance of grade II fatty liver and gallbladder polyps within 2 months of treatment. Assessment of the causal attribution of the outcomes of this treated case to the homoeopathic intervention was done using Modified Naranjo Criteria and ‘definite’ association was found.
Translating harassment: cross cultural reconstruction of the feminist identity in translated fiction
Authors: Irshad Isra , Yasmin Musarat
Published: November 2023

The issue of the sexual harassment of women is often discussed in academic literature, but how this issue is dealt with translated works has rarely been investigated. Targeting this lacuna, this study analyses the construction of the identity of the sexually harassed woman in two selected translations of a single novel. It also investigates how the translators’ perspectival positions are reflected in the translated versions of the source text. Mastoor’s Urdu novel, Aangan, and its two English translations by Rockwell and Hussain were chosen and used a parallel corpus. NLTK is used for the extraction of frequencies and concordances from this corpus. The data are analysed through critical discourse analysis (CDA), while drawing upon the theoretical assumptions of feminist translation. Both translators used discursive and translation strategies according to their perspectival positions. Rockwell has treated the issue of sexual harassment with sensitivity, whereas Hussain has shown tolerance of it and romanticized this issue. The image of the harassed woman appears maintained or magnified in Rockwell’s text, in which feminist translation strategies of supplementing, hijacking, adding commentary, substituting, deleting, adding and intensifying discursive choices were found to be employed. However, Hussain presented the same gender ideology as the one found in the source text, at times, the image of harassment was found to be de-emphasized in the translated version. She has mainly used the translation strategies of literal translation, omission, and explicitness. Moreover, the discursive processes of foregrounding, mitigated linguistic choices, and nominalisation were also employed. The findings imply that both translated texts depict the translators’ subjectivity, where the Rockwell’s translation seems to highlight the image of sexual harassment of women in Pakistani society.
Refined interpretation of electron temperature response to neutral beam injection at DIII-D
Authors: Zhao B. , Austin M. E.
Published: November 2023

Accurate particle and power deposition profiles of neutral beam injection (NBI) are essential to transport studies, and that information is usually acquired through Monte Carlo simulations with a given collisional model. The deposition process of the energetic beam particles leads to the informative electron temperature (Te) evolution trajectory, which can be captured by electron cyclotron emission (ECE) system due to its good spatial and temporal resolution. Previously, some work has been done to interpret the Te responses to the pulsed NBI as a linear heating source with Fourier-based techniques, although that approach fell short when the fast ion slowing-down time becomes significant (∼100 ms). It has been observed in DIII-D that the modulated NBI pulses (10–50 Hz) reduce local core Te values ∼0.1 keV through cold electron dilution in high-Te (>2 keV) plasmas alongside accumulative heating. Here, a novel approach to interpret the Te response to NBI was developed by linearizing and modeling the detailed Te evolution trajectory using coherently averaged ECE data based on the different time scales of the terms in the local power and particle balance equations. The technique does not require absolute calibrations of ECE and is independent of collisional models. The resulting beam deposition profiles show good consistency and reasonable agreement with Monte Carlo calculations based on the atomic data from the Atomic Data and Analysis Structure (ADAS). Local electron density response measured by Thomson scattering (TS) also suggests the same features when the beam pulse is large enough for that diagnostic to resolve. The remaining discrepancies are also discussed.
Recovering Zipf’s law in intercontinental scientific cooperation
Authors: Krawczyk Malgorzata J. , Malarz Krzysztof
Published: November 2023

Scientific cooperation on an international level has been well studied in the literature. However, much less is known about this cooperation on an intercontinental level. In this paper, we address this issue by creating a collection of approximately 13.8×106 publications around the papers by one of the highly cited authors working in complex networks and their applications. The obtained rank-frequency distribution of the probability of sequences describing continents and the number of countries—with which authors of papers are affiliated—follows the power law with an exponent −1.9108(15). Such dependence is known in the literature as Zipf’s law, and it has been originally observed in linguistics; later, it turned out that it is very commonly observed in various fields. The number of distinct “continent (number of countries)” sequences in a function of the number of analyzed papers grows according to power law with exponent 0.527(14); i.e., it follows Heap’s law.
Anisotropic microwave response in Cr1∕3TaS2 hosting chiral magnetic soliton
Authors: Liu Wei , Meng Fanying , Rahman Azizur , Li Jingxin , Fan Jiyu , Ma Chunlan , Ge Min , Pi Li , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yuheng
Published: November 2023

Chromium-intercalated hexagonal Cr1∕3TaS2 possesses exotic properties, such as high-temperature magnetic soliton, crossover of critical behavior, and nontrivial magnetism. In this study, we employ the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique to modulate and study the chiral magnetic soliton lattice (CSL) in Cr1∕3TaS2 using microwave at X-band. The experimental results show that Cr1∕3TaS2 has a particularly strong microwave response when H⊥c but very weak feedback when H//c, revealing an anisotropic microwave response. When H⊥c, the resonance peak at lower fields results from the surface barrier induced by the competition between Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction, Zeeman energy, and exchange energy. The dominant resonance is caused by the ferromagnetic mode with the twisted region as the boundary condition, which transforms into a paramagnetic resonance above the phase transition temperature (TC). Furthermore, an unusual temperature dependence of ESR spectra is revealed. The crystalline electric field (CEF) excitation owing to large strong spin–orbit coupling results in the widening of the ESR linewidth above TC. Furthermore, an abrupt shift in the resonance field Hr2 and ESR linewidth ΔHPP2 is observed around TC, which is attributed to a sudden change in spin-exchange interactions and magnetic anisotropy around TC, as Cr1∕3TaS2 was previously observed for spin interaction transition from strong anisotropic 3D-Ising type to isotropic 3D-Heisenberg magnetic interaction below TC. This work demonstrates that the ESR can detect the CSL state and investigate materials with nontrivial magnetism.
The thermoelectric performance in transition metal-doped PbS influenced by formation enthalpy
Authors: Gan Lin , Zhang Fujie , Wang Minghui , Deng Qian , Su Wenjun , Zhang Kun , Ang Ran
Published: November 2023

Transition metals have excellent valence electrical properties and unique electronic state distribution and are regarded as potential materials for improving thermoelectric performance. However, the impact of transition metals on thermoelectric materials is restricted to the solid solution limit and doping efficiency, reinforcing the shortcomings in systematic research. Here, thermoelectric properties of transition metal (Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo)-doped PbS are compared and analyzed systematically based on the formation enthalpy. The DFT calculation indicates that the doping (except Zr) leads to the bandgap expansion and the density of states distortion near the Fermi level, while the localization property of the latter results in an invalid resonance level. The formation enthalpy dominates the carrier concentration due to the opposite trend of carrier concentration and formation enthalpy. The formation enthalpy of Zr, Ti, and Nb doping is more negative than others, leading to the more significant optimization of carrier concentration. The Moss–Burstein effect promotes the bandgap expansion, leading to weaker bipolar effects for Zr, Ti, and Nb doping. Eventually, the thermoelectric performance for Ti, Zr, and Nb doping is superior to others at high temperature. The Hume-Rothery rule of the formation enthalpy supplementation is more suitable for the doping and alloying in thermoelectricity. Thermodynamic stability analysis based on the formation enthalpy contribute the PbS-based thermoelectric devices evaluation. The present finding demonstrates the significant effect of formation enthalpy on the thermoelectric properties of PbS and provides a useful avenue for the doping modification and thermodynamic stability analysis of other thermoelectric alloy materials.
A novel high resolution fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme for solving hyperbolic equations
Authors: Xu Xiangzhao , Su Xuan , Ning Jianguo
Published: November 2023

Weighted essentially non-oscillator (WENO) scheme is popular in solving hyperbolic conservation equations. In this work, a novel high resolution fifth-order WENO scheme is presented to improve the performance for capturing of discontinuities and complex structures. A local smoothness indicator ISk with compact form is adopted to the WENO scheme of Borges (WENO-Z). Then, a new global smooth indicator η containing information of all sub-templates is constructed to improve the resolution. Furthermore, the nonlinear weight strategy is optimized, and a new term coefficient λ is proposed, which can adjust the weight adaptively with the change of flow field. The accuracy tests verify that the proposed scheme can achieve the optimal order convergence at the critical points of orders 0, 1, and 2, and the weight analysis indicates that the proposed scheme increases the weights of less smooth sub-templates and gives full play to the potential advantages of WENO-Z. Finally, several typical numerical tests show the proposed scheme can significantly improve the resolution and robustness of WENO scheme. This proposed WENO scheme can capture the discontinuities more sharply and can clearly identify vortex structures and fine vesicles compared with other three WENO schemes.
Electrophoresis of ions and electrolyte conductivity: From bulk to nanochannels
Authors: Vinogradova Olga I. , Silkina Elena F.
Published: November 2023

When electrolyte solutions are confined in micro- and nanochannels their conductivity is significantly different from those in a bulk phase. Here we revisit the theory of this phenomenon by focusing attention on the reduction in the ion mobility with the concentration of salt and a consequent impact to the conductivity of a monovalent solution, from bulk to confined in a narrow slit. We first give a systematic treatment of electrophoresis of ions and obtain equations for their zeta potentials and mobilities. The latter are then used to obtain a simple expression for a bulk conductivity, which is valid in a concentration range up to a few molars and more accurate than prior analytic theories. By extending the formalism to the electrolyte solution in the charged channel the equations describing the conductivity in different modes are presented. They can be regarded as a generalization of prior work on the channel conductivity to a more realistic case of a nonzero reduction of the electrophoretic mobility of ions with salt concentration. Our analysis provides a framework for interpreting measurements on the conductivity of electrolyte solutions in the bulk and in narrow channels.
Characterizing blood hysteresis via tensorial thixo-elasto-viscoplastic modeling
Authors: Pincot Andre , Burpo F. John , Javadi Elahe , Jamali Safa , Farrington Sean , Armstrong Matthew J.
Published: November 2023

A characteristic feature of human blood rheology is a distinctive stress hysteresis during shear ramp up in the shear rate from zero, followed by a ramp back to zero. This is a result of the fact that human blood has a longer characteristic time of shear-induced rouleaux breakdown compared to the shear aggregation of the rouleaux. We demonstrate this telltale phenomenon of human blood rheology during the triangle ramp, time-dependent change in the shear rate. The unique hysteresis data are then used along with steady state data to fit parameters of a recently published thixo-elasto-viscoplastic rheological model, the tensorial enhanced structural stress thixotropic-viscoelastic (t-ESSTV) model. These best-fit parameter values from the hysteresis ramps are then used to predict step-up/down in shear, small amplitude oscillatory shear, uni-directional large amplitude oscillatory shear, and large amplitude oscillatory shear flow. Additionally, correlations between the calculated fitting parameters and physiological data are analyzed to inform the interpretation of model behavior in physical terms. The fit adherence to the triangle ramp and rheological hysteresis data are then evaluated alongside recently developed techniques to assess thixotropy via hysteresis loop area, indicating the efficacy of the t-ESSTV model in potentially predicting blood's complex characteristics in useful ways for future use in modeling blood flows under a variety of mechanical and biological conditions and predicting pathologies.
Lookahead data-gathering strategies for online adaptive model reduction of transport-dominated problems
Authors: Singh Rodrigo , Uy Wayne Isaac Tan , Peherstorfer Benjamin
Published: November 2023

Online adaptive model reduction efficiently reduces numerical models of transport-dominated problems by updating reduced spaces over time, which leads to nonlinear approximations on latent manifolds that can achieve a faster error decay than classical linear model reduction methods that keep reduced spaces fixed. Critical for online adaptive model reduction is coupling the full and reduced model to judiciously gather data from the full model for adapting the reduced spaces so that accurate approximations of the evolving full-model solution fields can be maintained. In this work, we introduce lookahead data-gathering strategies that predict the next state of the full model for adapting reduced spaces toward dynamics that are likely to be seen in the immediate future. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed lookahead strategies lead to accurate reduced models even for problems where previously introduced data-gathering strategies that look back in time fail to provide predictive models. The proposed lookahead strategies also improve the robustness and stability of online adaptive reduced models.
Development of a 3 MV coaxial peaking capacitor for large-scale electromagnetic pulse simulator
Authors: Chen Zhi-Qiang , Jia Wei , Wu Wei , Mei Kai-Sheng , Guo Fan , Cheng Le , Wang Yi , Xie Lin-Shen , Wu Gang , Wang Ge-Fei , Shi Yue-Wu , Wang Wei
Published: November 2023

Coaxial peaking capacitor is a key component in high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulators with fast front pulse output. It poses significant technical and engineering challenges in limiting radiation field amplitude and test space. This paper presents the design and testing of a 180 pF, 3 MV coaxial peaking capacitor with improved insulation performance. In the insulation design, the length of the dielectric film is extended to reduce the background electric field on the flashover path. The electric field threshold obtained from image diagnosis is used as a reference. During capacitor testing, the insulation characteristics are diagnosed using both direct and indirect methods. The voltage measured by a D-dot probe, the output waveform of the Marx generator in the primary source, and the radiation field waveform are analyzed to understand the flashover characteristics of the capacitor and to improve the reliability of the test results. The experimental results demonstrate that the peaking capacitor can operate stably at 3.0 MV. If flashover occurring on the dropping edge of the pulse is permitted, the operating voltage can be greater than 3.7 MV without significantly affecting the radiation field waveform. The analysis on the surface flashover morphology of the peaking capacitor reveals that the flashover mainly occurs at the dropping edge of the capacitor's waveform, indicating that the damage to the film is not serious. This research significantly increases the working voltage of coaxial peaking capacitors and contributes to the development of high-altitude EMP simulation technology.
Discovery of high-Q Fabry–Pérot supercavity modes
Authors: Gusikhin P. A. , Dzhikirba K. R. , Astrakhantseva A. S. , Kukushkin I. V. , Muravev V. M.
Published: November 2023

We report on a high-quality Fabry–Pérot supercavity mode observed in the terahertz frequency range. The experiment is carried out on a silicon chip with metallic gratings of equal period lithographically fabricated on both sides of the substrate. We show that the supercavity mode arises from interference between the Fabry–Pérot and substrate waveguide modes. As a result, Q factors as high as 880 are achieved at the terahertz frequency band. Possible applications of surface-enhanced electromagnetic field amplification are discussed and demonstrated experimentally.
Experimentally trained hybrid machine learning algorithm for predicting turbulent particle-laden flows in pipes
Authors: Yang ZhuangJian , Li Kun , Barigou Mostafa
Published: November 2023

A hybrid learning algorithm consisting of a preprocessor, a k-nearest neighbors regressor, a noise generator, and a particle–wall collision model is introduced for predicting features of turbulent single-phase and particle–liquid flows in a pipe. The hybrid learning algorithm has the ability to learn and predict the behavior of such complex fluid dynamic systems using experimental dynamic databases. Given a small amount of typical training data, the algorithm is able to reliably predict the local liquid and particle velocities as well as the spatial distribution of particle concentration within and without the limits of the range of training data. The algorithm requires an order of magnitude less training data than a typical full set of experimental measurements to give predictions on the same level of accuracy (typically, 20 cf. 100 trajectories for phase velocity distribution and 40 cf. 500 trajectories for phase concentration distribution), thus leading to huge reductions in experimentation and simulation. A feature importance analysis revealed the effects of the different experimental variables on the particle velocity field in a two-phase particulate flow, with particle–liquid density ratio and particle vertical radial position being the most influential and particle concentration the least. The algorithm is amenable to extension by using more complex databanks to address a much more comprehensive range of flow situations.
A 3D printed tensile testing system for micro-scale specimens
Authors: Choi Won June , Rudolf Christopher , Safari Hamid , Riyad M. Faisal , Kulak Maxwell , Yeom Junghoon , Kang Wonmo
Published: November 2023

Mechanical property characterization of micro-scale material systems, such as free-standing films or small diameter wires (<20 µm), often requires expensive, specialized test systems. Conventional tensile test systems are usually designed for millimeter scale specimens with the force sensing capability of >1N while microdevice-based testers are intended for micro-/nano-scale specimens operating within a much smaller force range of <10 mN. This disparity leaves a technology gap in reliable and cost-effective characterization methods for specimens at the intermediate scale. In this research, we introduce the cost-effective and all-in-one tensile testing system with a built-in force sensor, self-aligning mechanisms, and loading frames. Owing to the advantages of 3D printing technologies, the ranges of force measurement (0.001–1 N) and displacement (up to tens of millimeters) of our 3D printed tensile tester can be readily tailored to suit specific material dimension and types. We have conducted a finite element simulation to identify the potential sources of the measurement error during tensile testing and addressed the dominant errors by simply modifying the dimension/design of the loading frames. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we have characterized fine copper (Cu) wires with 10–25 µm diameters by the 3D printed tensile tester and confirmed that the measured mechanical properties match with the known values of bulk Cu. Our work shows that the proposed 3D printed tensile testing system offers a cost-efficient and easily accessible testing method for accurate mechanical characterization of specimens with cross-sectional dimensions of the order of tens of micrometers.
Optimizing the regularization in size-consistent second-order Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory
Authors: Carter-Fenk Kevin , Shee James , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: November 2023

Despite its simplicity and relatively low computational cost, second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) is well-known to overbind noncovalent interactions between polarizable monomers and some organometallic bonds. In such situations, the pairwise-additive correlation energy expression in MP2 is inadequate. Although energy-gap dependent amplitude regularization can substantially improve the accuracy of conventional MP2 in these regimes, the same regularization parameter worsens the accuracy for small molecule thermochemistry and density-dependent properties. Recently, we proposed a repartitioning of Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory that is size-consistent to second order (BW-s2), and a free parameter (α) was set to recover the exact dissociation limit of H2 in a minimal basis set. Alternatively α can be viewed as a regularization parameter, where each value of α represents a valid variant of BW-s2, which we denote as BW-s2(α). In this work, we semi-empirically optimize α for noncovalent interactions, thermochemistry, alkane conformational energies, electronic response properties, and transition metal datasets, leading to improvements in accuracy relative to the ab initio parameterization of BW-s2 and MP2. We demonstrate that the optimal α parameter (α = 4) is more transferable across chemical problems than energy-gap-dependent regularization parameters. This is attributable to the fact that the BW-s2(α) regularization strength depends on all of the information encoded in the t amplitudes rather than just orbital energy differences. While the computational scaling of BW-s2(α) is iterative O(N5), this effective and transferable approach to amplitude regularization is a promising route to incorporate higher-order correlation effects at second-order cost.
First hyperpolarizability of the di-8-ANEPPS and DR1 nonlinear optical chromophores in solution. An experimental and multi-scale theoretical chemistry study
Authors: Bouquiaux Charlotte , Beaujean Pierre , Ramos Tárcius N. , Castet Frédéric , Rodriguez Vincent , Champagne Benoît
Published: November 2023

The solvent effects on the linear and second-order nonlinear optical properties of an aminonaphtylethenylpyridinium (ANEP) dye are investigated by combining experimental and theoretical chemistry methods. On the one hand, deep near infrared (NIR) hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) measurements (1840–1950 nm) are performed on solutions of di-8-ANEPPS in deuterated chloroform, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide to determine their first hyperpolarizablity (βHRS). For the first time, these HRS experiments are carried out in the picosecond regime in the deep NIR with very moderate (≤3 mW) average input power, providing a good signal-to-noise ratio and avoiding solvent thermal effects. Moreover, the frequency dispersion of βHRS is investigated for Disperse Red 1 (DR1), a dye commonly used as HRS external reference. On the other hand, these are compared with computational chemistry results obtained by using a sequential molecular dynamics (MD) then quantum mechanics (QM) approach. The MD method allows accounting for the dynamical nature of the molecular structures. Then, the QM part is based on TDDFT/M06-2X/6-311+G* calculations using solvation models ranging from continuum to discrete ones. Measurements report a decrease of the βHRS of di-8-ANEPPS in more polar solvents and these effects are reproduced by the different solvation models. For di-8-ANEPPS and DR1, comparisons show that the use of a hybrid solvation model, combining the description of the solvent molecules around the probe by point charges with a continuum model, already achieves quasi quantitative agreement with experiment. These results are further improved by using a polarizable embedding that includes the atomic polarizabilities in the solvent description.
Spin singlet pairing of bismuth in titania
Authors: Chang Jing , Chen Haoxiang , Gao Peng , Chen Ji
Published: November 2023

The formation of electron and hole traps in semiconductors via atomistic defects is the fundamental microscopic mechanism for tuning the electronic and photonic properties of these materials. Here we find in experiments that bismuth atoms doped into anatase TiO2 as substituents can appear as paired diatomic defects. Through first-principles density functional theory calculations, we reveal that the observed bismuth pair is separated by a medium distance of 6.37 Å through a delicate balance of Pauli repulsion and effective attractive interaction. We further clarify that the effective attractive interaction is related to the exchange coupling between the two bismuth defect states, which also leads to the formation of a spin singlet electronic state of the two unpaired electrons. Our study brings up a new type of defect state in TiO2, and motivates further experimental and theoretical studies of multi-electronic states in materials.
FAB1C, a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase, interacts with PIN-FORMEDs and modulates their lytic trafficking in Arabidopsis
Authors: Maeng Kwang-Ho , Lee Hyodong , Cho Hyung-Taeg
Published: November 2023

PIN-FORMEDs (PINs) are auxin efflux carriers that asymmetrically target the plasma membrane (PM) and are critical for forming local auxin gradients and auxin responses. While the cytoplasmic hydrophilic loop domain of PIN (PIN-HL) is known to include some molecular cues (e.g., phosphorylation) for the modulation of PIN’s intracellular trafficking and activity, the complexity of auxin responses suggests that additional regulatory modules may operate in the PIN-HL domain. Here, we have identified and characterized a PIN-HL-interacting protein (PIP) called FORMATION OF APLOID AND BINUCLEATE CELL 1C (FAB1C), a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase, which modulates PIN's lytic trafficking. FAB1C directly interacts with PIN-HL and is required for the polarity establishment and vacuolar trafficking of PINs. Unphosphorylated forms of PIN2 interact more readily with FAB1C and are more susceptible to vacuolar lytic trafficking compared to phosphorylated forms. FAB1C also affected lateral root formation by modulating the abundance of periclinally localized PIN1 and auxin maximum in the growing lateral root primordium. These findings suggest that a membrane-lipid modifier can target the cargo-including vesicle by directly interacting with the cargo and modulate its trafficking depending on the cargo’s phosphorylation status.
A new converb originating from the locative noun in Beserman
Authors: Usacheva Maria , Serdobolskaya Natalia
Published: November 2023

In Beserman, a new converb grammaticalizes from the possessive locative form of the locative noun in
(o)ń-ńig. We show that the constructions with the converb have a clausal structure, while the constructions
with the locative noun are mostly noun phrases, even if they include an indication of the agent and patient of the situation
encoded by the locative noun. Semantically, the two types of constructions are also different. In the converb constructions the
situations encoded by the main and the embedded clause must overlap, while with locative nouns this is not necessarily the case.
The temporal reference of locative nouns is habitual/iterative, while converbs often have episodic (non-habitual) interpretation.
The original locative noun denotes a reference to a fixed location where the situation usually takes place. In the constructions
with the converb this meaning is bleached and generalized as an action which takes place in any possible location.
A farnesyl-dependent structural role for CENP-E in expansion of the fibrous corona
Authors: Wu Jingchao , Raas Maximilian W.D. , Alcaraz Paula Sobrevals , Vos Harmjan R. , Tromer Eelco C. , Snel Berend , Kops Geert J.P.L.
Published: November 2023

Correct chromosome segregation during cell division depends on proper connections between spindle microtubules and kinetochores. During prometaphase, kinetochores are temporarily covered with a dense protein meshwork known as the fibrous corona. Formed by oligomerization of ROD/ZW10/ZWILCH-SPINDLY (RZZ-S) complexes, the fibrous corona promotes spindle assembly, chromosome orientation, and spindle checkpoint signaling. The molecular requirements for formation of the fibrous corona are not fully understood. Here, we show that the fibrous corona depends on the mitotic kinesin CENP-E and that poorly expanded fibrous coronas after CENP-E depletion are functionally compromised. This previously unrecognized role for CENP-E does not require its motor activity but instead is driven by farnesyl modification of its C-terminal kinetochore- and microtubule-binding domain. We show that in cells, CENP-E binds Spindly and recruits RZZ-S complexes to ectopic locations in a farnesyl-dependent manner. CENP-E is recruited to kinetochores following RZZ-S, and—while not required for RZZ-S oligomerization per se—promotes subsequent fibrous corona expansion. Our comparative genomics analyses suggest that the farnesylation motif in CENP-E orthologs emerged alongside the full RZZ-S module in an ancestral lineage close to the fungi–animal split (Obazoa), revealing potential conservation of the mechanisms for fibrous corona formation. Our results show that proper spindle assembly has a potentially conserved non-motor contribution from the kinesin CENP-E through stabilization of the fibrous corona meshwork during its formation.
CCDC15 localizes to the centriole inner scaffold and controls centriole length and integrity
Authors: Arslanhan Melis D. , Cengiz-Emek Seyma , Odabasi Ezgi , Steib Emmanuelle , Hamel Virginie , Guichard Paul , Firat-Karalar Elif Nur
Published: November 2023

Centrioles are microtubule-based organelles responsible for forming centrosomes and cilia, which serve as microtubule-organizing, signaling, and motility centers. Biogenesis and maintenance of centrioles with proper number, size, and architecture are vital for their functions during development and physiology. While centriole number control has been well-studied, less is understood about their maintenance as stable structures with conserved size and architecture during cell division and ciliary motility. Here, we identified CCDC15 as a centriole protein that colocalizes with and interacts with the inner scaffold, a crucial centriolar subcompartment for centriole size control and integrity. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we found that CCDC15 depletion affects centriole length and integrity, leading to defective cilium formation, maintenance, and response to Hedgehog signaling. Moreover, loss-of-function experiments showed CCDC15’s role in recruiting both the inner scaffold protein POC1B and the distal SFI1/Centrin-2 complex to centrioles. Our findings reveal players and mechanisms of centriole architectural integrity and insights into diseases linked to centriolar defects.
Analytic expressions for quasinormal modes and grey-body factors in the eikonal limit and beyond
Authors: Konoplya R A , Zhidenko A
Published: November 2023

Although the WKB series converges only asymptotically and guarantees the exact result solely in the eikonal regime, we have managed to derive concise analytical expressions for the quasinormal modes and grey-body factors of black holes, expanding beyond the eikonal approximation. Remarkably, these expressions demonstrate unexpectedly strong accuracy. We suggest a comprehensive approach for deriving analytical expressions for grey-body factors and quasinormal modes at various orders beyond the eikonal approximation. Two cases are examined as examples: the Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole and hairy black holes within the framework of Effective Field Theory. We have publicly shared a generic code that calculates analytical expressions for grey-body factors and quasinormal modes of spherical black holes.
Phase formation and electrical properties of reactively sputtered Fe1−x
O thin films
Authors: Evertz S , Nicolin N , Cheng N , Primetzhofer D , Best J P , Dehm G
Published: November 2023

Wüstite, Fe1−x
O, is a crucial phase for the transition to CO2-free steel manufacturing as well as promising for electrochemical applications such as water splitting and ammonia synthesis. To study the effect of interfaces in these applications, thin-film model systems with defined interfaces are ideal. Previous studies lack a description of the growth mechanism to obtain Fe1−x
O thin films. Here, we investigate the phase formation of metastable Fe1−x
O during reactive magnetron sputtering while systematically varying the O2/Ar flow ratio from 1.8% to 7.2% and the pressure–distance product between 3.5 and 7.2 Pa cm. If bulk diffusion is minimized, thin films containing 96 vol.% wüstite and 4 vol.% Fe as impurity phase were achieved. Therefore, the wüstite phase formation appears to be surface diffusion dominated. To reveal the influence of impurity phases in wüstite on the electrical resistivity, systematic electrical resistivity measurements while cooling in situ were performed for the first time. The electrical resistivity was lower than that of single crystals of the respective iron oxides. This is attributed to the formation of Fe-rich layers at the substrate-film interface, which serve as additional conduction paths.
Systematic study of fusion suppression and its dependency on projectile breakup threshold energy
Authors: Ali Sabir , Gull Muntazir , Kumar Kamal , Ahmad Tauseef , Rizvi I A , Agarwal Avinash , Ghugre S S , Ali R N , Khan Faizan
Published: November 2023

Measurements of the excitation function (EF) of the observed evaporation residues (ERs) populated in the 20Ne + 93Nb reaction at E
lab ≈ 91−145 MeV are carried out to explore the systematic of fusion suppression and its dependency on projectile breakup threshold energy, by employing the offline γ-ray detection method. The EF of the observed ERs populated through complete and/or incomplete fusion processes are analysed in the framework of statistical mode code PACE4. The fusion function, derived from the experimentally measured fusion cross section data, is compared with the universal fusion function (UFF) to estimate the degree of fusion incompleteness. Based on the observed results, an empirical formula is proposed to interrelate the degree of fusion suppression and breakup threshold energy of the incident projectile.
Hierarchical dynamic aggregation graph modeling of vibration for semi-supervised fault diagnosis of power transformer
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , He Yigang
Published: November 2023

Power equipment fault diagnostics is a critical aspect of ensuring the stability of the power grid system. However, it presents substantial challenges in obtaining labeled data that is spatial-temporal, multi-scale, and multi-domain, low noise for effective fault analysis and diagnosis. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach called hierarchical dynamic aggregation graph (HDAG) modeling for self-supervised fault diagnosis of power transformers using vibration data. Firstly, HDAG focuses on modeling the spatial and temporal correlations within the fault vectors, before converting them into time–frequency images for visualization. Secondly, our proposed fault diagnosis approach, (comprising the ST-sparse swin-transformer and multi-domain transformer fusion module), is integrated into the methodology. The ST-sparse swin transformer incorporates soft threshold modules, enabling the retention of relevant information while discarding irrelevant information. The multi-domain transformer fusion is designed to utilize the intra-domain and inter-domain signal characteristics to achieve a comprehensive feature representation. Finally, we present case studies based on experimental data that demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach. Comparative evaluations against eight state-of-the-art techniques validate the improved information representation and diagnostic capabilities of our recommended strategy.
Defect detection of glassivation passivation parts wafer surface with random texture and different brightness
Authors: Meng Chao , Hao Fei , Li Panyu , Shi Jinfei
Published: November 2023

Automatic defect detection for glassivation passivation parts (GPP) wafer surface becomes an extremely challenging task, due to the interference of random texture, disturbance of low-contrast pseudo defects within the image, and difference of different brightness between images. In this paper, we propose a novel defect detection scheme for GPP wafer surface with random texture and different brightness. First, an automatic segmentation method center expansion idea-based for the region of interest (ROI) of die image is presented to eliminate the interference from edge background and improve the efficiency of defect detection. Then, a feature point set extraction method based on adaptive gain and error diffusion is proposed so that the defect feature between images with different brightness can be highlighted by adaptive gain, and the candidate defect feature point set under random texture feature is able to be extracted by error diffusion. Finally, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise considering grayscale constraint (GC-DBSCAN) is designed to identify the true defect clusters from the candidate defect feature point set and accomplish the detection of various types of surface defects. Experimental results show that the proposed method can completely implement the extraction of crack and dirty defects and eliminate the false detection caused by random texture and different brightness, which is very efficient and superior to other methods.
Combined detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and specific IgG in plasma based on SERS magnetic sensor
Authors: Song Bailing , Wang Lei , Jiao Feiyan , Zhao Huixue , Liu Tingwei , Sun Shijiao , Zhou Hao , Li Jiutong , Li Xinxia
Published: November 2023

In this study, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) magnetic sensor is established based on SERS principle and magnetic separation technology, and a highly sensitive, simple and fast method for quantitative detection of neutralizing antibodies (nABs) and specific IgG of SARS-CoV-2 in plasma is established combined with immunoassay. Two kinds of Raman nanospheres (RNPs) with different characteristic Raman shifts are used as signal sources and coupled to ACE2 and anti-IgG (FC) antibodies respectively, and magnetic beads are coupled to RBD. The competitive relationship between ACE2 and nABs, the binding relationship between specific IgG and anti-IgG (FC) antibodies are determined. The results show that the concentrations of nABs and specific IgG in the range of 10–2000 ng ml−1 are well correlated with SERS response intensity, and the recoveries are both between 90%–110%, with good precision. Bilirubin and common anticoagulants have no interference on the detection results. This method is accurate, reliable, sensitive and does not require complex pre-treatment, and is expected to be used for simultaneous detection of nABs and specific IgG in plasma of SARS-CoV-2. It has guiding significance for the development and evaluation of vaccines and the formulation of individualized vaccination schedule.
A rapid element pressure field simulation method for transcranial phase correction in focused ultrasound therapy
Authors: Xu Peng , Wu Nan , Shen Guofeng
Published: November 2023

Transcranial focused ultrasound ablation has emerged as a promising technique for treating neurological disorders. The clinical system exclusively employed the ray tracing method to compute phase aberrations induced by the human skull, taking into account computational time constraints. However, this method compromises slightly on accuracy compared to simulation-based methods. This study evaluates a fast simulation method that simulates the time-harmonic pressure field within the region of interest for effective phase correction. Experimental validation was carried out using a 512-element, 670 kHz hemispherical transducer for four ex vivo skulls. The ray tracing method achieved a restoration ratio of 64.81% ± 4.33% of acoustic intensity normalized to hydrophone measurements. In comparison, the rapid simulation method demonstrated improved results with a restoration ratio of 73.10% ± 7.46%, albeit slightly lower than the full-wave simulation which achieved a restoration ratio of 75.87% ± 5.40%. The rapid simulation methods exhibited computational times that were less than five minutes for parallel computation with 8 threads. The incident angle was calculated, and a maximum difference of 6.8 degrees was found when the fixed position of the skull was changed. Meanwhile, the restoration ratio of acoustic intensity was validated to be above 70% for different target positions away from the geometrical focus of the transducer. The favorable balance between time consumption and correction accuracy makes this method valuable for clinical treatment applications.
Deep learning for fast super-resolution ultrasound microvessel imaging
Authors: Luan Shunyao , Yu Xiangyang , Lei Shuang , Ma Chi , Wang Xiao , Xue Xudong , Ding Yi , Ma Teng , Zhu Benpeng
Published: November 2023

Objective. Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) enables microvascular reconstruction by localizing microbubbles (MBs). Although ULM can obtain microvascular images that are beyond the ultimate resolution of the ultrasound (US) diffraction limit, it requires long data processing time, and the imaging accuracy is susceptible to the density of MBs. Deep learning (DL)-based ULM is proposed to alleviate these limitations, which simulated MBs at low-resolution and mapped them to coordinates at high-resolution by centroid localization. However, traditional DL-based ULMs are imprecise and computationally complex. Also, the performance of DL is highly dependent on the training datasets, which are difficult to realistically simulate. Approach. A novel architecture called adaptive matching network (AM-Net) and a dataset generation method named multi-mapping (MMP) was proposed to overcome the above challenges. The imaging performance and processing time of the AM-Net have been assessed by simulation and in vivo experiments. Main results. Simulation results show that at high density (20 MBs/frame), when compared to other DL-based ULM, AM-Net achieves higher localization accuracy in the lateral/axial direction. In vivo experiment results show that the AM-Net can reconstruct ∼24.3 μm diameter micro-vessels and separate two ∼28.3 μm diameter micro-vessels. Furthermore, when processing a 128 × 128 pixels image in simulation experiments and an 896 × 1280 pixels image in vivo experiment, the processing time of AM-Net is ∼13 s and ∼33 s, respectively, which are 0.3–0.4 orders of magnitude faster than other DL-based ULM. Significance. We proposes a promising solution for ULM with low computing costs and high imaging performance.