bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Practice and Approaches of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ahmed Akash , Khondokar Faiza , Hossain Mahboob
Published: May 2022

Cancer has been and continues to be one of the leading causes of human deaths. Thousands lose their lives to the different types of cancer each year. Cancer remains one of those invincible barriers in the health sector that humans are quite far from overcoming. As cancer remains to be incurable, works are being done every day globally to come up with better ways to treat it. Conventional methods of treatment like chemo and radio therapies have adverse effects on health and thus, new approaches are being used for cancer treatment. One such approach is the use of our body’s own defense mechanism to attack and kill malignant cells. This review will highlight the different components of human immune system that are being used to treat cancer. It will give an idea of the mechanism of action of each of these components and indicate why they are better choices compared to traditional treatments. Side effects and/or challenges of each immunotherapy have also been included.
Spanish Flu (Great Influenza) 1918: The Tale of The Most deadly Pandemic in History
Authors: Mijwil Maad M. , Al-Mistarehi Abdel-Hameed , Zahran Deeb Jamil , Alomari Safwan , Doshi Ruchi
Published: May 2022

The epidemic is an imminent danger that all humans fear, as it does not differentiate between anyone, whether small or old, rich or poor. It is characterized by its ability and super speed to conquer the world and its primary goal is to target humans and eradicate their lives. In this article, the authors decided to provide a brief historical overview of the Spanish flu pandemic, where it initiated and how it influenced the people of the earth and review a set of images about events that occurred in the United States of America in 1918. All facts in this article are collected from a group of published articles on websites. This article found that the Spanish flu is one of the deadliest diseases in human history, as it managed to kill 40 to 100 million people around the world in two years.
The Position of Artificial Intelligence in the Future of Education: An Overview
Authors: Mijwil Maad M. , Aggarwal Karan , Mutar Dhamyaa Salim , Mansour Nadia , Singh Ranjit Singh Sarban
Published: May 2022

In the modern era, artificial intelligence applications have become one of the most essential and prominent aspirations of countries in their various organisations and sectors, especially the education sector, due to the ability of these techniques to help this sector to develop rapidly and increase productivity by imparting scientific material in a beautiful way to the learners. This article provides an overview of the significance of artificial intelligence applications and their role in learning, and how they can be employed in the future. All information in this scenario is collected from a set of studies published in the time of COVID-19 pandemic between 2019 and 2021. This scenario concluded that artificial intelligence is the future that is constantly growing and can be benefited from in the field of education and must be properly exploited to build a new world that depends heavily on digital societies.
A Contingent Perspective on the Development of e-business Tools and Performance: A Review
Authors: Alsheyadi Anwar
Published: May 2022

The literature has widely recognized the influence of e-business tools on business and operational performance. Some recent studies, however, suggested that researchers need to focus on exploring specific conditions that enable organizations to effectively translate their investment in developing e-business tools and practices into positive business performance and achieve up-normal return on investment. Using the contingency perspective of the firm, this paper argues that the link between e-business practices and organizational performance is influenced to a large extent by the internal and external environment within which an organization operates. That is, e-business tools and/practices does not per se lead to positive performance and rather the effectiveness of these tools/practices will improve if certain internal and external factors are satisfied. This theoretical believe is discussed, theoretically, in this paper using findings of previous studies on the relationship between e-business and performance. Some theoretical and practical implications are highlighted at the end of the paper to provide researchers and decision makes new insights on how and/or when e- business tools can lead to good performance.
The Effect of Entrepreneurship Behavior and Customer Relations on Four Star Hotel Competitiveness: Meditated by Business Strategies
Authors: Arimbawa I Gede Arya Pering , Ramli Anwar , Azis Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Among the realm of entrepreneurship study, the entrepreneurial process in tourist sector actors in general is still generally overlooked. The link between tourism and entrepreneurship is a separate subject that is not handled in any way that capitalizes on the natural synergies between the two areas. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the link between entrepreneurial behavior, customer interactions, competitive strategy, and competitiveness. A quantitative method is used in this investigation. There were 138 participants in the study, the researchers employed the complete sampling approach, which involved surveying the entire population. A survey was used to gather data, and a data collection instrument in the form of a questionnaire was used. In order to gain a better understanding of the causal link between factors, the study was supplemented by interviews. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used as an analytical tool in this work. The findings indicate that (1) entrepreneurial behavior has a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of 4-star hotels; (2) customer relations have a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of 4-star hotels; (3) competitive strategy has a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of four-star hotels; and (4) entrepreneurial behavior has a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of four-star hotels. (7) Competitive tactics for customer interactions have a good and considerable influence on the competitiveness of four-star hotels in Makassar City.
The impact of Social Media Advertising on Attitude towards Social Media Advertising and Product Purchase Intention
Authors: Nguyen Phan Nhu Ngoc , Nguyen Danh-Ha-Thai , Vo Thi-Xuan-Hanh
Published: May 2022

This paper researched the impact of factors related to Social Media Advertising on Attitude towards Social Media Advertising and Purchase Intention. Data was collected by online form, the sample size is 235. Amos 20.0 was used to analyze the relations among factors in the Structural Equation Model. Eight of thirteen hypothesizes are accepted. This research shows a positive relation between Attitude towards Social Media Advertising and Purchase Intention. Irritation had a negative effect on Attitude towards Social Media Advertising. This study also found the positive relation of some variance couples such as Information and Attitude, Entertainment and Attitude, Credibility and Attitude, Social role and Attitude, Entertainment and Purchase Intention, Interaction and Purchase Intention.
Positive-pressure breath-hold positron emission tomography/computed tomography is feasible for respiratory-induced artifact reduction in healthy dogs
Authors: Choen Sangkyung , McLarty Ehren M. , Pascoe Peter , Zwingenberger Allison L.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

To perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of positron emission tomography (PET)/CT images using spontaneous ventilation (SV) and positive-pressure breath-hold (PPBH) techniques in order to demonstrate the feasibility of PPBH PET/CT to decrease respiration-induced artifacts.

ANIMALS

5 healthy female mixed-breed dogs.

PROCEDURES

2-([18F]fluoro)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (was administered to each anesthetized dog. An SV PET/CT scan was performed from the head to the femur using 8 bed positions (3 min/bed) followed by a PPBH scan centered over the diaphragm with a single bed position (1.5 min/bed). PET image quality, the misalignment of organs between PET and CT images, and standardized uptake values (SUVs) of liver adjacent to diaphragm were compared between SV and PPBH.

RESULTS

Overall image quality and conspicuity of anatomic structures were superior in PPBH than in SV PET images. PPBH induced significantly less misalignment of the liver and diaphragm in all planes compared to SV. For the gall bladder, PPBH showed significantly less misalignment than SV only in the transverse plane. The maximum SUV in all of the liver areas was significantly higher with PPBH compared to SV. PPBH exhibited significantly higher mean SUV in the liver adjacent to the left diaphragmatic dome and left lateral border and higher minimum SUV only in the liver adjacent to the left diaphragmatic dome.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

PPBH was demonstrated to be a feasible PET/CT protocol with higher PET image quality, less organ misalignment on fused PET/CT, and more accurate SUVs of the liver compared to SV PET/CT in healthy dogs.
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Heacock Elisa L. , Le Roux Alexandre B.
Published: May 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Lopes Bruno A. , Verin Ranieri , Sánchez-Masián Daniel
Published: May 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Yuen Franco C. M. , Seitz Marc A. , Lee Alison M.
Published: May 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Almodovar Natali , Huguet Elodie E. , Miller Bryce , Craft Serena , Maxwell Elizabeth A. , Gallastegui Aitor , Vilaplana Grosso Federico R.
Published: May 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Jones Coleen A. , Dirrig Helen , Llabres-Diaz Francisco , Suárez-Bonnet Alejandro , Mullowney Deirdre R.
Published: May 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Reed-Jones Leslie C. , Grady Jesse G. , Seitz Marc A. , Lee Alison M.
Published: May 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Davis Amanda B. , Fernandez Steven , Stahle Jessica A.
Published: May 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Chen Ting-Yi , Lin Jian-Liang , Chen Kuan-Sheng
Published: May 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Burgers Elisabeth M. , Worth Leila T.
Published: May 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
False Memory for Words in Noise: An At-Home Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Experiment Across Adulthood
Authors: Wagner Rebecca L. , Lyon Bethany A. , AuBuchon Angela
Published: May 2022

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm is an experimental manipulation that induces false memory creation (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). This study presented auditory DRM lists either in silence or in background noise to both young and older adult samples. Background noise significantly reduced participants' recall accuracy, F(1, 93) = 14.14, p < .001, ηp2 = .13, and false memory production, F(1, 93) = 4.02, p = .05, ηp2 = .04, but there were no significant differences between age groups. Moreover, older adults’ self-reported measures of cognitive load correlated with their accuracy, r(47) = –.39. No such relationship was observed in the younger adult group suggesting that, although both groups reached similar levels of performance, they likely approached the task differently. These findings also highlight the need for further examination into how individual differences mediate memory performance in the DRM, especially in older adults.
Features of legal protection of some World Natural Heritage sites in Bulgaria
Authors: Kolobov Roman Yur'evich , Ganeva Ekaterina Olegovna
Published: May 2022

The subject of the research in the framework of this article is the practice of Bulgaria's fulfillment of international obligations to protect such natural heritage sites as the Pirin National Park and the Srebyrna Nature Reserve. The features of the development of the ecological state of the specially protected natural territories under study are considered, the problems of their legal protection are identified, and the main measures that have allowed preventing the degradation of unique natural complexes, in particular, the application of the management plan for specially protected territories in the Republic of Bulgaria, are analyzed. The issues concerning the boundaries of the World Heritage sites under consideration and the procedure for their determination are investigated, the possibility of extending the buffer zone regime to the territories excluded from the World Heritage site Lake Baikal is assessed. The analysis of the experience of cooperation between the authorities of the Republic of Bulgaria and the World Heritage protection system in relation to the Pirin National Park and the Srebyrna Nature Reserve allows us to recognize the effectiveness of interaction between national and international means of nature protection. Using the comparative legal method of research, it is concluded that the positive experience of Bulgaria can be applied in solving the problems of protecting the World Heritage site Lake Baikal, including the establishment of a requirement at the level of law to prepare management plans. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors formulated recommendations for improving the domestic regulatory framework in the field of protection of World Heritage sites.
La escuela como institución vulnerable en Venezuela
Authors: Uzcátegui Pacheco Ramón Alexander
Published: May 2022

En el artículo se describe, por intermedio de la prensa nacional, algunos hechos que ponen en evidencia la vulnerabilidad de la escuela venezolana hoy, en un intento por caracterizar parte de los problemas que afectan la cultura pedagógica actual y futura. Abandono físico, inseguridad, asesinatos en y alrededor de la escuela, vandalismo, hurtos y robos contra la institución escolar, paralización de actividades inducida, inasistencia por mala alimentación y carencias en la familia, sectarismo político son formas de violencia que afectan la dinámica escolar. ¿Están las escuelas preparadas para enfrentar estos problemas? ¿Tienen los docentes, directivos, padres y representantes las herramientas para enfrentarlo y la cohesión social suficiente para abordarlo? Es parte de las interrogantes que se derivan de esta revisión.
La alfabetización en Venezuela según la perspectiva y las cifras de memoria educativa
Authors: Uzcátegui Pacheco Ramón Alexander , Bravo Jáuregui Luis
Published: May 2022

En este artículo, a partir de los datos y la información disponible en la Línea de Investigación Memoria Educativa Venezolana, abordaremos el caso venezolano; y veremos que pese al esfuerzo sostenido por la escolarización, los programas de alfabetización aún tienen un peso importante en la política y la gestión pública de la educación.
Incidence of meatal stenosis after circumcision by heat cautery device during early infancy in Erbil/ Iraq
Authors:   Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Urology Department, Erbil, Iraq, Rifaat Jawad Nihad
Published: May 2022

Background:Meatal stenosis is one of the late and potential complications of male circumcision in children who underwent circumcision in early infancy by a heat cautery.Objective: To estimate the incidence of Meatal Stenosis (MS) in children who undergone circumcision in early infancy by a heat cautery which had been done by a medical sub staff in our locality (Erbil)Patients and Methods: From September 2020 to May 2021, 113 children were examined in urology outpatient departments at Rizgary Teaching Hospital/ Erbil after a referral from primary health centers by general practitioners for evaluation of genitourinary symptoms. All children included in the study were circumcised during the early infancy period by heat cautery devices by medical sub-staffs. The examination included a focused genital system examination focusing on meatus opening and detail history has been taken from their parents. Results: Within Eight Months, we evaluate 113 children (13 children Excluded) in the urology outpatient department in Rizgary Teaching Hospital/ Erbil City, 55% having stenosis of urethral meatus after circumcision by heat cautery, and it was most common in group B (6-12 years of age) 34% and 21% in group A (3-6 years of age) and can explain this either that most of the children represented Group B or might be due to neglecting by their families. Conclusion: Circumcision in early infancy using a heat cautery device may lead to meatal stenosis in children. In our study, the incidence of meatal stenosis was surprisingly high (55%) compared to other research, and this can be explained by the fact that non-qualified personnel is engaging in this surgical procedure or medical sub staffs with inexperienced medical knowledge and no training course are indulging in this surgery to gain quick money. Keywords: Penis, Circumcision, Meatal Stenosis, Erbil
Impact of Toxoplasmosis in Im-mune Respons in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors:   College of Medicine, University of Diyala,Diyala, Iraq, Salah Salem Maysaloon , Jassim Shaker Mohammed , Khalid Mohammed Nabil
Published: May 2022

Background:Toxoplasma gondii is the most common infection of protozoa, affecting a wide range of hosts. Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic in immu-nocompetent persons, but in immunocompromised persons (ex:patients on dialysis) significant problems can ensure, and may progress to a life-threatening infection. Objective: To investigate the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma anti-bodies in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Baquba / Iraq . Patients and Methods: A group of blood samples, consisting of 75 dial-ysis patients and 50 healthy controls, were examined for the detection of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in Baquba Governorate from November 2020 to April 2021 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgM. Results: The total numbers of the 125 samples were examined, 32 (44.0%) and 2 (4.0%) were IgG-positive for both patients and healthy individual respectively, and the results of the current study showed only 1 (1.33%) was seropositive IgM for patient group, while no seroposi-tive healthy subjects was found for IgM . The results showed that the percentage of seropositivity was higher in 17 males (40.47%) than in females 15 (45.45%) in the group of patients, but the differences were not statistically significant . As for the age groups, a positive increase was observed in the age group 11-30 years when comparing patients and healthy people, as the percentage reached 5 (29.41%). It was also ob-served that the highest seropositivity in the education levels was in the group of patients at the educational level 6-12 (45.45%) than in the healthy controls group, but the differences were not statistically signifi-cant between education levels. Patients living in urban areas had signifi-cantly higher serum (P = 0.0041) than patients in rural areas, and the odds ratio was 22,000. And those who had contact with cats showed a significant increase in seropositivity p = 0.0466 and odds ratio was 20.5789. Conclusion: Dialysis patients are at risk for toxoplasmosis and should be screened on a regular basis to prevent the disease from spreading dur-ing hemodialysis. Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Hemodialysis, Antibodies ,IgG
Histidine and Humans Disease
Authors:   Chemistry department, Collage of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah Univer-sity,Baghdad, Iraq, M Alazawi Sarab , F Rodhan Wafaa , F Alkazazz Fatin , Kh Huthefa Baqer
Published: May 2022

Background: Histidine is an important amino acid with important properties that enable it to play a vital part in many activities in the human body, such as proton buffering, metal ion chelation, scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitro-gen species, erythropoiesis and the histaminergic system. This review presents the impact of histidine level fluctuation on the body function, the physiological role and metabolic pathway of histidine in various parts of the human's body. Also, we investigated that histamine produc-tion by Histidine decarboxylase gene and there is relationship between histidine food intake and level of Histamine in blood, which resulting in the obesity, anemia and other nutrition issues. In addition, a neurotrans-mitter is included oin histamine that is widely distributed throughout the human brain; its deficiency could cause problems in the nervous system. This study revealed that deficiency of histidine contributed to mental problems like Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia (SCZ), kidney and prion disease as well. As a result, histidine is important to keep hu-man body healthy, and it is also found that hisidine is used as a suitable drug for people who have schizophrenia. This review revealed that the correlation between histamine and asthma is still not well understood. So, this review will open way for researchers to focuses on this aspect. Keywords: Histidine, Histamine, physiological role, Parkinson's disease and human disease
Evaluation of Patients with Exploratory Laparotomy for Acute Abdomen with Intraoperative Finding of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors:   General surgeon,Department of Surgery,Baquba Teaching Hospital,Diyala, Iraq, Akram Abed Bashar , Jameel Kareem Duraid , Saleh Ibrahim Nazar
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the main causes of acute abdomen that requires hospitalization and multidisciplinary management. The spectrum of the disease is wide with variable presentations that mimic the clinical features of other acute illnesses. Occasionally the diagnosis of AP is only made atlaparotomy, especially when there is doubt in the preoperative diagnosis. Objective: To evaluate the findings during exploratory laparotomy for patients with acute abdomen and were diagnosed as cases of AP intraoperatively, and to determine the postoperative outcome during the follow up period for these patients. Patients and Methods: A retospective study performed at the Department of General Surgery- Baquba Teaching Hospital- Diyala- Iraq, from January 2011 to December 2020. Thirty-three patients (16 male and 17 female) were included, all patients had history of acute abdomen with unknown cause preoperatively, in spite of doing the available preoperative investigations, and were found to have acute pancreatitis intraoperatively. A standardized data collection form was completed and analyzed for each patient. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 8 to 75 years with a mean age of 40.2 years. The majority of the patients were found to have pancreatic oedema (66.67%), followed by hemorrahgic pancreatitis (15.15%), pancreatic necrosis (12.12%) and pancreatic tumours that presented as acute pancreatitis (6.06%). During the follow up period 13 patients (39.39%) recovered with no complications while 20 patients (60.6%) developed one or more complication mainly surgical site infections in 18.18% of patients, pancreatic pseudocyst (15.15%), death (15.15%), ascites (9.1%), chronic pancreatitis (6.1%), pleural effusion (6.1%), while ileus, ARDS, DIC and acute renal failure occurred in (3%) for each. Conclusion: AP is an important cause of acute abdomen that is associated with severe mortality and morbidity and a high index of suspicion is needed to avoid the frequent misdiagnosis. Despite of rapid advances in the diagnostic strategy, still exploratory laparotomy is indicated in some cases to reach a sound diagnosis although such intervention is undesirable and might increase the postoperative morbidity and mortality. Keywords: acute abdomen, acute pancreatitis, explorative laparotomy, postoperative complications.
Molecular detection of Shiga toxin genes and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from salad samples in Erbil city-Iraq
Authors:   College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Iraq, Ismail Saleh Shean , Jalal Mahmood Lanja , Tahsin Kakayi Safin , Hassan Sdiq Kwestan
Published: May 2022

Background: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of foodborne pathogenic bacteria that causes serious infections in people around the world. Cattle are a barrage of E. coli O157:H7, fresh products contaminated with cattle feces are the common sources for the pathogen. E. coli O157:H7 has the ability to survive well in the environment. Two main virulence factor genes of E. coli O157have been detected in this study, which are responsible to produce shiga toxin and increase the pathogenicity of this bacterium. Objective: To find out the rate of fresh food contamination by E. coli, and detect the genes responsible for shiga toxin production and increase the pathogenicity of E. coli among isolates from salad samples. Patients and Methods: Two hundred salad and vegetable samples were collected from different restaurants and small shops in Erbil city from April - September (2019). Samples were cultured on eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar plates; typical E. coli with a metallic shine appeared. Polymerase chain reaction technique was used for detecting (uidA, rfbo157 and stx1, stx2) genes. Results: Overall, 32% (64/200) of salad samples were contaminated by E. coli as identified by culturing on EMB agar. Then isolated E. coli was confirmed by detecting the presence of uidA gene and the rate was 88% (56/64). Pathogenicity and toxin production detection was done for all confirmed E. coli isolates, by detecting the presence of rfbo157 gene (479 bp), among 56 isolates only (4) isolates was positive for rfbo157 gene, and (7) isolates showed positive result for shiga toxin. Conclusion: This study focuses on the serotype E. coli O157:H7, a high percentage of E. coli was detected in salad samples which indicated the fecal contamination. The presence of rfbo157 gene and stx1, stx2 are the indications for pathogenicity and shiga toxin production respectively. Keywords: Escherichia coli, shiga toxin, E. coli O157, uidA gene, rfbo157 gene
Antibiotic resistance pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae among infants younger than six months of age with acute otitis media in Erbil city
Authors:   College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq, Muhsin Qarani Sozan
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common inflammatory disorders particularly in infants. Multiple factors such as gender, using bottle-feeding formula, and exposure to cigarette smoking are thought to raise the incidence of AOM. In infants at age six months or less, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common causative bacteria of AOM. The complications of pneumococcal infections are due to increasing the rate of antibiotic resistance among the S. pneumoniae strains that coincides with the increased use of antibiotics and multidrug resistant which severely limits the therapeutic options and poses a great threat to public health. Objective: To determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae in infants aged six months or less with AOM as the most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens and the most possible risk factors such as parent smoke and bottle feeding that may increase the incidence of acute otitis media in infants. Patients and Methods: A total of 148 infants six months of age or less, 87 males and 61 females with acute otitis media were enrolled in a current study. Swab from ear discharges were collected and cultured. The bacterial isolates were identified and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern for S. pneumoniae isolates was tested. Results: Among the 148 infants studied with acute otitis media, the frequency of the isolated microorganisms from infants with otitis media in male were higher than female and the majority of the infants were bottle feed and who exposed to cigarette smoke at home. S. pneumoniae was comprised the most frequent pathogen (40%) in the selected age, and the antibiotic resistance pattern of 68 S. pneumoniae isolates showed high resistance rate against penicillin, erythromycin and cefalothin. On the other hand, imipenem, vancomycin and chloramphenicol were the most effective drugs against S. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusion: The current study has identified S. pneumoniae as the most causes isolated pathogen in infants at age six months or less with acute otitis media and the majority of bacterial isolates showed a high rate of resistance against antibiotics and the majority of these isolates revealed multi drug resistance phenotype. It has been found that children exposed to passive smoking in the home and who are bottle-fed were at increased risk of acute otitis media . Keywords: Acute otitis media, infants, risk factors, Streptococcus. pneumoniae, multi drug resistance
Determination of some hematological profiles, inflammatory markers, and their relation with insulin resistance in anemic Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors:   Department of basic science, Microbiology unit, college of Medicine, Hawler medical university, Erbil, Iraq, Saeed Ibrahim Kharman , Sherzad Hayder Zhian , Hasan Ahmed Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Background: Extreme alterations in hematological values and inflammatory biomarkers affecting dependent variables in clinical tests are associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus and anemia. Objective: To investigate some hematological and inflammatory risk factors and their relation in developinginsulin resistance in anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 190 patients and healthy subjects in the hospital of Layla Qasim Center in Erbil city and ethical clearance was obtained from the university ethical review committee. The included subjects were divided into three groups: non-diabetic (control) group, non-anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus, and anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological parameters by Coulter counter analyzer, and biochemical tests included glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and some inflammatory biomarkers by spectrophotometry and standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay. Harvested data were analyzed by the statistical package for social science version 23. Results: The results showed remarkable alterations in glycated hemoglobin, red and white blood corpuscles, and inflammatory parameters in anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus compared to non-anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory parameters including interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha exhibited a strong positive correlation with anemic diabetes than non-anemic diabetes. Conclusion: We concluded that some hematological and biochemical parameters were positively related to developing anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus and can be helpful as diagnosing tools for predicting the progression of anemic type-2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Anemia; Insulin resistance; Inflammatory biomarkers; Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Unplanned Hospital Visit After Urinary Stone Procedure
Authors:   Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq, Abed AL-Jaleel Khaleel Aous , Dakhil Farhan Saad
Published: May 2022

Background: Urinary stone is a multifactorial disease which is common in daily urological practice, and is also a substantial public health problem. Surgical management of urinary calculi has changed enormously during the past 20 years. Nowadays, the trend among urologists involved in the management of patients with urinary tract stones is to choose the less invasive and more effective option. Objective: We evaluate the causes of the unplanned hospital visit following shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), URS (Uretrorenoscope), and PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy)surgical procedures for stone disease and determine the predictors affecting on the visit and readmission. Patients and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study carried out in Ghazi Al-Hariri hospital for subspecialized surgery in Medical City Complex in Baghdad city-Iraq. The duration of the study was 18 months throughout the period from January, 2019 till June 2020. The majority of SWL techniques were as an outpatient procedure. The patients received analgesia and in each SWL session, 3000 shocks were delivered at a rate of 60 to 90 shocks/min. For URS the patients were performed under general or spinal anesthesia. In cases where ureteral access was not possible, insertion of a ureteric stent was the option followed by ureteroscopy after 14 days. In PCNL the surgical procedure was fluoroscopic guided , prone position used .This procedure was performed under general anesthesia. Results: A 362 patients with urinary stones; 41 unplanned visits were recorded within one month of surgical operation. The incidence of unplanned visits after management of urinary stone in Medical City Complex was (11.3%) and rate of unplanned visits according to management types( 26.6%, 18.8% and 4.6% for PNL, URS and ESWL) . Conclusion: The rate of unintended visits within 30 days after treatment of urinary tract was treated at Martyr Ghazi Hariri Specialized Surgery at the Medical City Complex in the world, and the rate of unplanned visits within 30 days after the removal of the kidneys The percutaneous route is the highest, followed by ureteroscopy and the lowest level after extracorporeal lithotripsy.Factors influenced by unintended visits such as hospital exit, and not given cafés after exit, insufficient follow-up and therapeutic mistakes that are still large. Reservation therapy is the perfect treatment method for treating illegal visits special after the ureter end. Keywords:Shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Uretrorenoscope
Association of The Healthy Eating Index and Body Composition Among Iran’s Paralympic Athletes with Hemodialysis and Hemophilia
Authors:   Diyala Health Directorate ,Khanaqin ,General Hospital ,Diyala, Iraq, Easa Murad AL-Rubaye Thaer
Published: May 2022

Background: Essential parameters of athletes that enhancing their fitness and success rate in sports career are body composition and anthropometric indices, additionally perfect performance of athletes with a prolonged and intensive season is significantly influenced by dietary intake and training. Objective: To determine the association between the healthy eating index (HEI) and body composition among Iran’s Paralympic athletes with hemodialysis and hemophilia. Patients and Methods: A study with a cross-sectional design was carried out, which recruited 100 athletes with hemodialysis and hemophilia who participated in the 2020 competitive pre-season tests. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, physical activity, sleep pattern, and dietary intake were used in the analysis. The quality of the diet was assessed using the HEI score, with a range of 0 to 100, based on information obtained using food frequency questionnaire. Body components parameters were assessed using Bio impedance analyzer BIA (TANITA BC- 418 (TANITA, Japan) and 7-points skinfold measures, linear regression model was used for finding the associations between HEI and body composition. Results: The overall HEI score was 67.81 (grade D) and there was a significant difference for the mean body fat percent (P=0.001) and mean fat free mass percent (P=≤0.001) between 7-points skinfold measurements and BIA. No significant association had been found between the resulting HEI of the participants with the components of their body composition including, body mass index BMI (P=0.57), waist circumference WC (P=0.53), waist hip ratio WHR (P=0.18), fat percent (P=0.76) and fat free mass percent (P=0.76). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the dietary intake need more improvement, we did not find any significant associations between HEI (diet quality) with the parameters of body composition. Keywords: Healthy Eating Index, body composition, Dietary Intake.
The Role of 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in prediction of significant coronary artery
Authors:   Baquba Teaching Hospital, Diyala, Iraq, H Ibrahem Sabah , Subhi Hussein Mustafa
Published: May 2022

Background: Speckle tracking echocardiography is new technique to evaluate left ventricular function.Objective: To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of two dimension global longitudinal strain ( 2D-GLS) estimated by speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) to predict the diagnosis and degree of severity of CAD( coronary artery disease) in patient suspected to have stable ischemic heart diseases (IHD).Patients and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study, patients underwent echocardiography (TTE), left ventricular (LV)systolic function were estimate initially, (calculate LVEF) then assessment of LV global and regional longitudinal strain (GLS) were calculated next.All patient underwent coronary angiography in the catheterization unite and according to the result of coronary angiography, we separated patients into two groups: one how have significant (≥70%) coronary arteries stenosis (group A),and another group with non- significant(<70%) coronary arteries stenosis (group B). The study was done in echocardiography unit and catheterization lab in Ibn-Albitar center of cardiac surgery, the study carried out from April 2018 to May 2019. Results: This study 93 patients were included , there is mean ages was (60.2 ±6.3) years, majority of cases were males (72.0%), 47.3% of all cases had ≥3 risk factors, and according to angiography study (67.7%) had significant CAD .The frequency of DM, dyslipidemia, and the occurrence of ≥3 risk factors were significantly elevated in group A(patients with significant coronary artery stenosis ) in comparison to the group B. Mean EF and GLS were considerably lower in group A related to group B. There was not much difference in GLS between single and two vessels involvement, however, the GLS value in three vessels was significantly lower compared to single and two vessels involvement. GLS were independent predictor of significant coronary artery stenosis, independent of the effect DM, dyslipidemia, and the presence of ≥3 concomitant risk factor. Conclusion: Assessment (GLS) value by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography is good test for predicating diagnostic and severity of coronary arteries diseases, global longitudinal strain had positive relationship with increasing number of stenotic coronary arteries, and provides high quantitative diagnostic information for detection of the CAD. Keywords: Echocardiography, significant coronary artery disease
Peri and Postoperative Compli-cations of Endoscopic Posterior Limited Septoplasty Versus Con-ventional Method Septoplasty in Endoscopic Nasal Surgery
Authors:   College of Medicine, Al nahrain University,Baghdad , Iraq, M K Al-hassani Jaafer , Nafi Khalaf Qusay , Jasim Mohammed Firas
Published: May 2022

Background: A significant percentage of patients undergone endoscop-ic sinus surgery has septal deviation, that disturb adequate access to the osteomeatal complex or to the region of axilla of the middle turbinate. The good exposure is the most important key to a successful surgery. Straightening such a deﬂection improve the access to the work site on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Objective: To compare the peri and post operative complications be-tween conventional septoplasty (cottle's method) and the endoscopic posterior limited septoplasty in endoscopic sinus surgery. Patients and Methods: Forty patients (all of them had a limited posterior nasal septal deviation ,nasal and paranasal sinus pathology in addition to septal deformity),were selected and divided randomly into two equal groups, (by the type of surgery for septal correction. group A which underwent conventional (Cottle's septoplasty), while group B that had endoscopic type septoplasty). All patients were assessed in the otolaryn-gology department in AL- Immamain Al khadimain medical city, from October 2016 to November 2017.patients were evaluated pre and post operatively by clinical and endoscopical examination, and followed in a period of 1week, 1month and 3months post operatively. Results: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was the most primary sur-gery done, followed by Dacrocystorhinostomy and Endoscopic spheno-palatine artery ligation .Most common intraoperative complication was mucosal flap tear which observed more in conventional group, .Regarding mean operative time for limited septoplasty it was shorter in endoscopic group .Synechia and delay wound healing as a post opera-tive complication was more in endoscopic group, while hematoma and perforation was more in conventional group. Conclusion: During endoscopic sinus surgery, limited posterior septal deviation can be corrected by endoscopic method which provides better direct visualization of the deviation, more conservative surgical manipu-lation, shorter in time and less intra and post-operative complications. Keywords: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery( FESS), Dacrocysto-rhinostomy (DCR), ostiomeatal complex(OMC), deviated nasal sep-tum(DNS)
Hematological Characteristics of a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia and Their Correlation with Age and Gender
Authors:   Aldiwanyah Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health-Aldiwanyah, Aldiwanyah, Iraq, Dede Meshay Hassan , Haseeb Khamees Mohammed , Abdalzehra Wadaha Hussein
Published: May 2022

Background: Characterization of hematological parameters in patients with sickle cell anemia can direct treatment goals toward strategies reducing morbidity and mortality rate.Objective: To evaluate the hematological parameters in a subset of Iraqi patients with sickle cell anemia in relation to age and gender. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was included 30 patients with sickle cell anemia who were known to be at a steady clinical state with no vaso-occlusive crises. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected in EDTA tube from each participant. The complete blood count was conducted according to standard protocol. Results: The mean age was 7.93 ±2.43 years and the age range was 4 to 12 years. The study included 17 males and 13 females. 29 (96.7 %) were anemic and there was no significant difference in mean hemoglobin levels between males and females (p = 0.838). Males demonstrated higher frequency of low mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) (64.7% and 58.8%, respectively) than females (7.7% and 7.7%, respectively) with highly significant differences. Conclusion: Some hematological parameters in patients with sickle disease are affected by gender but show no significant correlation to age. Keywords: Hematological characteristics, Sickle cell anemia, Iraq
Oral Hygiene and Pocket Depth among Acute Myeloid Leukemic Adult Patients in Erbil City
Authors:   Dental Public Health Program Director in KBMS, Erbil, Iraq, Mohammed Hussein Vian , Rassul Hussein Shahida
Published: May 2022

Background:Leukemia is a hematological disease with oral manifestations.Objective: To assess gingival health and periodontal pocket depth of different age groups of both genders.Patients and Methods: A total of 74 patients (aged 20-70 years) who were diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) were examined and compared with 74 control group. The oral hygiene status, gingivitis and periodontal pocket were examined. Dental plaque was detected by means of the Silness J & Löe 1, gingival index by Löe H & Silness 2 and calculus index by Ramfjord 3. While the pocket depth was measured by using Williams probe 4. Results: Demonstrated that ; the total mean for plaque(1.31) ,gingival (1.23) , calculus(0.30) scores and pocket depth (2.95) for control group while the total mean of plaque(1.75) ,gingival (1.57) , calculus(0.45) scores and pocket depth (3.22) for leukemic group with significant differences fore plaque (P-value =0.000) and gingival(P-value =0.004) score but with no significant difference for calculus score(P-value =0.095)and pocket depth (P-value). =0.103)between both groups . A larger number and percentage of male suffered from this disorder than female and a higher number and percentage of AML were aged between (20-29) years. Conclusion: AML patients in the present study showed more dental plaque, more gingivitis, more calculus score and more pocket depth, compared with healthy patients. Keywords: plaque, calculus, gingiva, pocket depth, AML
Bioarchaeological Analysis of Human Remains from the Destroyed Early Neolithic Cemetery of Moty – Novaia Shamanka (Cis-Baikal)
Authors:   University of Alberta, Bourgeois R. L. , Weber A. W. ,   University of Alberta,   Irkutsk State University, Bazaliiskii V. I. ,   Irkutsk State University, McKenzie H. G. ,   MacEwan University, Lieverse A. R ,   University of Saskatchewan
Published: May 2022

Moty – Novaia Shamanka (MNS) is an Early Neolithic (7560–6660 HPD cal BP) destroyed Kitoi cemetery, located on the lower Irkut River in Siberia. In 2014–2015, small rescue excavations were conducted by archaeologists from Irkutsk State University. MNS dates to the period between the two phases of use identified at the nearby Shamanka II Kitoi cemetery (Southwest Baikal). This paper presents the results of a bioarchaeological study of the human skeletal remains from MNS and discusses these findings in relation to hunter-gatherer life-history at this site and in the Cis-Baikal region. The human skeletal materials from MNS show life history markers, including isotopic signatures, consistent with the other Early Neolithic Kitoi samples. However, one individual shows anomalous isotopic signatures similar to those found, to date, only in one other Kitoi burial. Lastly and surprisingly, radiocarbon dating identified one Early Bronze Age individual (4970–3470 cal BP).