bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hardships at Home: The Portrayal of Military Families in Traditional, Military Community, and Military-Focused News Publications
Authors: Parrott Scott , Eckhart Nicholas , Laha-Walsh Kirsten , Albright David L.
Published: September 2022

Scholars have described a divide between military and civilian culture, often focusing on the relationship between civilian communities and the Armed Forces and its veterans. Equally important are the families of military personnel. News media are an important source of information about military society for many U.S. civilians. This study examined how three types of news publications portrayed military families on Twitter between 2010 and 2020. News content was drawn from 21 outlets that cater to (1) general audiences, (2) military communities, and (3) military personnel. News outlets often associated military families with terms related to hardship, including substandard housing, financial problems, and other issues. In 1,052 posts, news outlets used five frames to describe military families: hardship, support, education, honor, and politics. General news outlets focused on politics, covering PR events staged by politicians. News outlets in military communities focused on support and providing readers resources to help navigate life in a military family. News outlets catering to military personnel focused on hardships.
Transgender and Nonbinary Youths’ Experiences With Gender-Based and Race-Based School Harassment
Authors: Zongrone Adrian D. , Truong Nhan L. , Clark Caitlin M.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) students commonly experience identity-based harassment, which is associated with poorer mental health, and TNB students of color may experience harassment targeting gender, race/ethnicity, and other identities. Applying an intersectional lens to minority stress theory suggests that different forms of identity-based harassment that target different identities are interconnected. However, few studies address intersecting forms of bias experienced by TNB students of color.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to examine the interplay of racism and transphobia among TNB students by comparing experiences of racist and transphobic harassment across seven racial/ethnic groups and examining the effects of these forms of identity-based harassment on the mental health of TNB students of color.

Participants:

Participants were drawn from a large national sample of LGBTQ students who were enrolled in secondary school during the 2018–2019 school year. The study sample consists of all those who were TNB ( N = 6,795). The majority of the sample identified as transgender (68.7%), and just under a third identified as nonbinary, but not as transgender (31.3%). The majority were White (71.3%), and approximately a third identified as gay or lesbian (33.7%).

Research Design:

This quantitative study employed a multivariate analysis of covariance to examine differences in frequency of racist and transphobic harassment across racial/ethnic groups. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine the main effects of harassment, as well as interaction effects between these forms of harassment, on depression and self-esteem among TNB students of color.

Results:

Frequencies of race-based harassment were generally similar for all students of color groups and lowest for White TNB students. Frequencies of gender-based harassment were relatively higher for Native American TNB students and lower for Black and Asian American/Pacific Islander TNB students. Among TNB students of color, each form of harassment was associated with greater depression and lower self-esteem. We did not observe a significant interaction between these forms of harassment.

Conclusions:

Despite some differences between groups, many TNB students of color experience both racist and transphobic harassment. Experiencing both of these forms of harassment is associated with poorer mental health outcomes than experiencing one. School professionals must consider these multiple forms of bias in supporting their students at school.
Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Modified Dynamic Gait Index in the Elderly
Authors: Zirek Emrah , Mustafaoglu Rustem , Cicek Aynur , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Mavromoustakos Savvas
Published: September 2022

The modified Dynamic Gait Index (mDGI) is one of the valid instruments used in the evaluation of gait disorders. This study aimed to translate the mDGI into Turkish and evaluate the evidence for its reliability and validity for use in an elderly population. For test-retest reliability, the mDGI was administered twice, and for inter-rater reliability, the mDGI was administered alone on the same day by two raters. Concurrent validity of the mDGI was assessed using Pearson’s correlation analysis between the Turkish version of the mDGI score and the Timed Up and Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and 10-m Walk Test (10-MWT), respectively. The internal consistency of the mDGI was found to be excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.97) and test-retest (ICC = 0.95; 95% Cl (0.84–0.95)) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.95; 95% Cl (0.85–0.95)) were excellent. A negative, moderate correlation was found between mDGI and TUG (r = −0.73, p < .0001), and a positive, moderate correlation with BBS (r = 0.71, p < .0001) and 10-MWT (r = 0.72, p < .0001). The Turkish version of the mDGI was found to be a valid and reliable assessment instrument for gait and balance in the elderly.
Work and Family Balance in Chilean Young People’s Life Plans
Authors: Gómez-Urrutia Verónica , Figueroa Andrés Jiménez , Díaz Nicole , Valladares Fernanda
Published: September 2022

The distribution of paid work and family responsibilities along gender lines is an important source of gender inequality, even in younger generations. Young people declare to embrace egalitarian work-family conciliation ideals, but, in practice, women still assume the bulk of domestic and carework. This study advances work-family research by shedding light on the institutional and contextual factors that influence young people’s decisions in this domain.

Method

The study uses a qualitative approach; 75 individuals aged 18–30 were interviewed using semi-structured and structured (vignettes) open-ended questions. Theoretical sampling was used, using sex and educational level as the main criteria. Thematic coding was used to analyze the material.

Results

Young people favor egalitarian work-family arrangements as ideals; however, the constraints imposed by institutional contexts and unequal employment opportunities make individuals more likely to prefer traditional arrangements when faced with decisions about how they expect to make employment and caring responsibilities compatible.
Grandparenting and Well-Being of the Elderly in China
Authors: Luo Qi , Fidrmuc Jan , Wang Hao
Published: September 2022

Grandparenting duties can affect the well-being of the elderly both positively and negatively. This paper disentangles the interactions between grandparenting, quality of life, and life satisfaction in China. Using a panel dataset of 3205 respondents in three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we find that grandparents who look after grandchildren are less at risk of depression, receive more financial and in-kind transfers from their children, and report greater life satisfaction than grandparents who do not look after grandchildren. These benefits vary across gender and rural-urban status, however. The positive effect of grandparenting is driven mainly by the direct effect with negligible mediating effect attributable to better quality of life.
How Does Lifestyle Affect Hematopoiesis and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment?
Authors: Vanhie James J. , De Lisio Michael
Published: September 2022

Lifestyle factors are modifiable behavioral factors that have a significant impact on health and longevity. Diet-induced obesity and physical activity/exercise are two prevalent lifestyle factors that have strong relationships to overall health. The mechanisms linking obesity to negative health outcomes and the mechanisms linking increased participation in physical activity/exercise to positive health outcomes are beginning to be elucidated. Chronic inflammation, due in part to overproduction of myeloid cells from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow, is an established mechanism responsible for the negative health effects of obesity. Recent work has shown that exercise training can reverse the aberrant myelopoiesis present in obesity in part by restoring the bone marrow microenvironment. Specifically, exercise training reduces marrow adipose tissue, increases HSC retention factor expression, and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the bone marrow. Other, novel mechanistic factors responsible for these exercise-induced effects, including intercellular communication using extracellular vesicles (EVs), is beginning to be explored. This review will summarize the recent literature describing the effects of exercise on hematopoiesis in individuals with obesity and introduce the potential contribution of EVs to this process.
DASH diet vs. DASH diet plus physical activity in older patients with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: L. P. de Oliveira Vanessa , de Freitas Mauren M. , P. de Paula Tatiana , Gubert Mayara L. , Miller Maria E. P. , Schuchmann Renata A. , Souza Karen L. A. , Viana Luciana V.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims

To evaluate the effect of lifestyle modification by adopting a DASH diet, with and without physical activity guidance, on blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, weight, and body composition in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension.

Methods and Results

For this randomized clinical trial, we recruited patients aged 60 years or older with T2DM and uncontrolled hypertension. One group (DASH) received only DASH dietary guidance, while the other group (DASHPED) received dietary guidance and encouragement to walk with a pedometer. Outcomes of interest were (1) blood pressure, (2) physical activity, (3) weight, body mass index (BMI), and body composition, and (4) biochemical variables. Measurements were taken at baseline and 16 weeks after the intervention. We included 35 patients in the analysis. At the end of the study, the DASHPED group had an mean increase in physical activity of 1721 steps/day. Both groups displayed significantly reduced weight, BMI, and waking diastolic pressures on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring after the intervention. A trend of reduced sleeping diastolic pressure was found in the DASHPED group. Changes in weight, BMI, muscle mass, body fat, waist-hip ratio, glycemic control, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity did not differ between the groups.

Conclusion

There was no difference in outcomes between the group that only dieted and the group that also performed increased physical activity, despite a significant increase in exercise. This reinforces the importance of dietary changes in immediate blood pressure control.
On the consequences of firm growth
Authors: Freel Mark , Gordon Ian
Published: September 2022

Recent contributions to the literature on small firm growth have been marked by a growing sense of frustration with the state-of-the-art and what it implicates in both theory and policy. In short, while growth episodes appear relatively common, a tiny proportion of firms sustain growth and ‘scale’. This calls into question the very basis upon which policies seeking to target high growth firms (HGFs) rest. In addition, it cautions against perspectives that view growth as the essence of entrepreneurship. In this paper, we argue that understanding the frequency of growth episodes and the rarity of sustained growth requires a better understanding of growth consequences. To this end, we describe case study evidence from ambitious entrepreneurs whose firms experienced an episode of high growth followed by longer periods of mixed performance. Our goal is to shed light on how the experience of growing affects further growth. Our data provide initial insights into the mechanisms linking past growth to growth motivations and into the ways in which past growth lays the foundations for future performance.
Under which circumstances do family SMES achieve high growth? A behavioural perspective
Authors: Minola Tommaso , Baù Massimo , Brumana Mara , De Massis Alfredo
Published: September 2022

High-growth firms contribute disproportionately to the creation of employment, wealth and economic development on a global basis. Yet, knowledge of the circumstances under which such growth patterns occur is limited, and the findings with regard to small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are inconclusive. Adopting the behavioural agency model, we analyse the effect of family control and related nuances (i.e. degree of family ownership and presence of a family chief executive officer (CEO)) on SME growth. Furthermore, we argue that the type of slack resources and their availability are a crucial organisational contingency when investigating high growth in SMEs. Using a sample of 39,631 European SMEs over a 13-year period, we find that family firms are less likely to achieve high growth compared to non-family firms; having a family CEO further reduces this likelihood. Instead, at higher (vs lower) levels of family ownership, the probability of family firms achieving high growth increases. Furthermore, the availability of high- and low-discretion slack resources influences these relationships. Our study advances current understanding of high growth in general, and family firms in particular.
In search of the next growth episode: How firms catalyse and sustain periods of high growth
Authors: Raby Simon , Hart Mark , Harney Brian
Published: September 2022

This is an introductory article to the special issue In Search of the Next Growth Episode: How Firms Catalyse and Sustain Periods of High Growth. The article reviews alternative streams of research on firm growth, including ‘random growth’, ‘responsive growth’ and ‘resourceful growth’. The themes of, and contributions to, the Special Issue are presented. Finally, we identify a number of directions for future research, including the importance of unpacking the drivers and causes of high growth episodes (HGEs), amplifying the role of the leader in research on firm growth, while questioning the desired outcomes and consequences of growth. We assert that there is still much to learn about firm growth. Our hope is that this special issue inspires new approaches and an enlarged understanding in this domain.
Bureaucracy and burden: An Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis of social welfare policy with consequences for carers of people with life-limiting illness
Authors: Bindley Kristin , Lewis Joanne , Travaglia Joanne , DiGiacomo Michelle
Published: September 2022

Background:

For informal carers of people with life-limiting illness, social welfare policy related to income support and housing has been associated with varied psychosocial issues, yet remains relatively under-explored. An intersectional approach offers potential to illuminate diverse experiences and implications.

Aim:

To explore the way in which caring in the context of life-limiting illness is framed within welfare policy, to articulate inequities encountered by carers, and to identify policy and practice recommendations.

Design:

The Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) Framework was used to situate findings of a broader qualitative study.

Setting/participants:

Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with participants who were bereaved carers ( n = 12), welfare workers ( n = 14) and palliative care workers ( n = 7), between November 2018 and April 2020, in an Australian region associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. Five elements of IBPA were applied to the products of analysis of this data.

Results:

Use of the IBPA Framework revealed that representations of carers and causes of their welfare needs in policy were underpinned by several assumptions; including that caring and grieving periods are temporary or brief, and that carers have adequate capacity to navigate complex systems. Policy and processes had differentiated consequences for carers, with those occupying certain social locations prone to accumulating disadvantage.

Conclusions:

This intersectional analysis establishes critical exploration of the framing and consequences of welfare policy for carers of people with life-limiting illness, presented in a novel conceptual model. Implications relate to intersectoral development of structural competency, responsiveness to structurally vulnerable carers in clinical practice, and needed policy changes.
A think-aloud study of the feasibility of patients with end-stage organ failure completing the ICECAP-SCM
Authors: Nwankwo Henry , Coast Joanna , Hewison Alistair , Kinghorn Philip , Madathil Shyam , Bailey Cara
Published: September 2022

Background:

The ICECAP-Supportive Care Measure (SCM) is a self-complete measure developed to inform economic decision making at the end-of-life. Previous research has demonstrated its feasibility in hospice and nursing home settings. This is the first study of its use with patients on the organ failure trajectory.

Aim:

To determine the feasibility of using the ICECAP-SCM with patients experiencing end-stage organ failure in a hospital setting.

Design:

Participants were asked to ‘think aloud’ when completing the ICECAP-SCM, ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-5L measures. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and examined for errors in comprehension, retrieval, judgement, and response by five raters. Qualitative data were collected to explore reasons for errors in completing the measures and participants’ views about the measures.

Setting/participants:

Sixty patients (with end-stage renal failure n = 18; end-stage heart failure n = 21; end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease n = 21) participated. Senior clinicians applied prognostic criteria to determine eligibility.

Results:

Participants reported that the measures were acceptable, clear, and easy to complete. Error rates in completing the measures were low (ICECAP-A = 3%,and ICECAP-SCM = 5.7% and EQ-5D-5L = 6.3%). There was some variation in responses between patients with different end-stage conditions, particularly those with symptom fluctuation. Some patients had not considered their end-of-life (i.e. advance care planning) and reported finding questions about this difficult to answer.

Conclusion:

It is feasible to use the ICECAP-SCM with patients with end-stage organ failure receiving care in hospital settings. This study provides evidence for researchers and policy makers involved in measuring end-of-life care globally. The ICECAP-SCM can be recommended for research with patients in end-stage organ failure to appropriately capture the broader benefits of end-of-life care.
Establishment of 6 pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma patient’s derived xenograft models closely recapitulating patients’ tumor characteristics
Authors: Gasparini Patrizia , Casanova Michela , Centonze Giovanni , Borzi Cristina , Bergamaschi Luca , Collini Paola , Testi Adele , Chiaravalli Stefano , Massimino Maura , Sozzi Gabriella , Ferrari Andrea , Moro Massimo
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

The prognosis for patients with metastatic and recurrent pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) remains poor. The availability of preclinical models is essential to identify promising treatments We established a series of pediatric RMS patient derived xenografts (PDXs), all faithfully mirroring primary tumor characteristics and representing a unique tool for clarifying the biological processes underlying RMS progression and relapse.

Methods:

Fresh tumor samples from 12 RMS patients were implanted subcutaneously in both flanks of immunocompromised mice. PDXs were considered as grafted after accomplishing three passages in mice. Characterization of tumor tissues and models was performed by comparing both morphology and immunoistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) characteristics.

Results:

Six PDXs were established, with a successful take rate of 50%. All models closely mirrored parental tumor characteristics. An increased grafting rate for tumors derived from patients with worse outcome (p = 0.006) was detected. For 50% PDXs grafting occurred when the corresponding patient was still alive.

Conclusion:

Our findings increase the number of available RMS PDX models and strengthen the role of PDXs as useful preclinical tools for patients with unmet medical needs and to develop personalized therapies.
When smooth space becomes turbulent: The collapse of Hanjin Shipping and the immobilisation of ships, containers, goods and people
Authors: Monios Jason
Published: September 2022

This paper applies a mobilities perspective to the collapse of Hanjin Shipping in 2017, then the seventh-largest shipping line in the world and the biggest bankruptcy in the 50-year history of container shipping. Drawing on the notion of smooth space from Deleuze and Guattari that has previously been applied to the maritime transport sector to represent its space-annihilating tendencies, the analysis sets this apparently smooth space in opposition to the turbulence of disordered and fragmented mobilities. The case analysis charts not just the antecedents of the collapse but the immediate aftermath, in which flows of ships, containers, goods and people were rendered immobile and unmoored. Turbulence, drifting, induced and unproductive mobilities are anathema to the just-in-time globalised logistics sector, and the case analysis reveals how hyper-mobile flows of finance acted to reimpose the smooth logistics surface after a brief period of immobility following the bankruptcy.
News Media Mining to Explore Speed-Crash-Traffic Association During COVID-19
Authors: Das Subasish , Sarkar Sobhan
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of everyone from almost every perspective. Research communities from many domains have contributed to quantifying and mitigating the influence of the ongoing pandemic. The public depend on news media for reliable information. At the start of the pandemic in March 2020, many news media articles started to report on quieter roads resulting from travel restriction and work from home mandates, but also more excessive speeding and more traffic fatalities. Although the news media’s representation of the crash-speed association is often not based on data-driven safety analysis, the extent to which the media place emphasis on such news content has never been adequately quantified. The current study performed content analysis and text mining (both text network analysis and topic modeling) to explore the representations of speed-crash association in news media (local, national, and international) to provide insights into the generated news content. Findings reveal that topics such as a surge in fatal crashes, careless driving, driving under the influence, law enforcement, and equity issues, as well as impacts on pedestrians and bicyclists, were frequently highlighted by local, national, and international news media during the pandemic era.
Extensible Co-Simulation Framework for Supporting Cooperative Driving Automation Research
Authors: Cui Defu , Shen Yuzhong , Yang Hong , Huang Zhitong , Rush Kyle , Huang Peter , Bujanovic Pavle
Published: September 2022

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) and cooperative automated vehicles (CAVs) are expected to largely reshape our mobility systems. The limited deployment of AVs and CAVs on roads makes it difficult to fully assess their impact and interactions with other road users. Advanced simulations are often sought for conducting accelerated tests of AVs and CAVs in a virtual environment. However, existing off-the-shelf simulators are typically focused on conventional traffic simulation and human-driving simulation. Advanced simulators that enable core functionalities (e.g., sensing and communication) of AVs and CAVs have been underexploited. In this paper, the authors aim to develop a realistic co-simulation framework for testing autonomous driving and cooperative driving automation (CDA). The proposed co-simulation framework utilizes the open-source concept to support the AV and CAV community in developing and deploying AV and CAV technologies. This framework integrates multiple open-source platforms, including Eclipse MOSAIC™ simulation framework, Eclipse Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO™) traffic simulator, and CARLA AV driving simulator. The framework enables AV and CAV simulation in mixed traffic environments. The developed co-simulation models have been tested with different scales of networks and traffic flow. The assessment of the co-simulation framework shows that it can support faster-than-real-time simulation for use in accelerated tests with more realistic scenarios. In addition, the developed co-simulation framework is proven to be extensible with the inclusion of other network simulators for supporting vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication among vehicles.
First-Year Field Performance of Epoxy-Modified Asphalt
Authors: Jing Ruxin , Apostolidis Panos , Liu Xueyan , Erkens Sandra , Scarpas Tom
Published: September 2022

Pavement materials containing epoxy-asphalt are mainly used to enhance the fatigue cracking resistance of surfacing layers on bridges. These materials have also been proposed for roadways, but limited field data are available. In this research, a fully instrumented epoxy-modified asphalt surfacing layer was applied to measure strain responses in service conditions. Results over the first-year monitoring period indicated that the epoxy-modified asphalt behaves fundamentally similarly to a reference one with an asphalt mix of the same aggregate gradation. The epoxy-modified asphalt demonstrated the lowest transverse compressive strains at decreased temperatures, reflecting the potentially high material resistance against thermal cracking. After the summer period, the modified material showed lower tensile strains than the reference mix compared with the previous time period. Such an attribute could indicate the ongoing curing-induced stiffening of epoxy-modified asphalt at high temperatures during summer. The longitudinal and transverse strain measurements had inverse tendencies at all temperatures. Finally, the mechanical response of the studied materials after the summer has been examined using a classical fatigue cracking model and following a life cycle assessment methodology, and preliminary findings support the use of epoxy-asphalt for sustainable pavements.
Shall Children Play? Evidence from Arts in Late Imperial China
Authors: Ping-chen Hsiung
Published: September 2022

This article examines various positions on whether children should be allowed to play in late imperial China. Demonstrating distinctly different views from Neo-Confucian thinkers, professional genre painters of “Children at Play” (yingxi tu 嬰戲圖), and the emerging pediatric specialists, the article maintains that clearly multi-vocal forces coexisted during the Song Dynasty, including a persuasive child-favoring stance that remains unique in global humanities on this issue.
An Experimental Comprehensive Analysis of Drilling Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Tubes and Comparison With Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Plate
Authors: Morkavuk Sezer , Köklü Uğur , Aslantaş Kubilay
Published: September 2022

Today, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites, which are the main areas of use such as aerospace and automotive, can be produced by different methods. Especially in the production of tubular composites, filament winding and roll wrapping methods are used generally, while vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding method or vacuum bagging method comes to the fore in the production of composite plates. These materials produced by different methods may exhibit different behavior in terms of machinability. In this study, the drilling machinability characteristics of CFRP tubes produced by filament winding and roll wrapping methods were investigated and compared with the CFRP plate produced with vacuum bagging and the results were presented comparatively. Experimental results showed that the composite plate generates more force and damage when drilled compared to the tubes, so its machinability is more difficult. Higher thrust force and damage occur in filament wound tube compared to roll wrapped tube. In addition, although the thrust force does not increase with the use of support in composite tubes, a significant improvement in drilling-induced delamination damage behavior is obtained. Compared to the tubes, a better borehole surface quality is obtained in the plate, while more dust chip formation is observed.
A Tradition of Public Service in Families
Authors: Jacinto Alberto
Published: September 2022

While much is known about the public sector workforce, less is known about parental influences as a determinant of public sector work. This paper begins to answer this question by estimating a simple model of intergenerational transmission to test whether public sector work is passed down in families. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and its intergenerational component indicate that children of public sector mothers are five percentage points (42%) more likely to work in the public sector than the children of private sector mothers. Heterogeneity analyses reveal the important role unions play in the transmission of public sector work. However, the main results do not vary by child race or gender. The results have implications for recruitment strategies in the public sector and highlight the role of parents as possible sources of public service motivation for children.
Disarming Intimate Partner Violence Offenders: An In-Depth Descriptive Analysis of Federal and State Firearm Prohibitor Laws in the United States, 1991–2016
Authors: Cloud Lindsay K. , Prood Nadya , Ibrahim Jennifer
Published: September 2022

Intimate partner violence is a preventable public health problem affecting more than 12 million people in the United States annually. The immense burden of victimization is most often borne by women. Nearly one in two female homicide victims are killed by current or former partners (more than 50% of which involve firearms). Firearm-related morbidity and mortality are concentrated where firearm ownership is most prevalent and firearm laws are least restrictive, indicating the potential for law to serve as an intervention. Understanding intricacies within laws and how they vary is critical to studying their influence on health. This study is the first to use the scientific legal mapping technique of policy surveillance to create legal data by systematically collecting and coding laws that authorize or require courts to prohibit offenders subject to domestic violence restraining orders (DVROs) and temporary restraining orders (TROs) from purchasing and possessing firearms (“firearm prohibitor” laws). These data measure key provisions of federal and state laws from 1991 to 2016, including whether the law includes a firearm prohibition, who qualifies as an intimate partner, notice and hearing requirements, whether the prohibition occurs automatically or through judicial discretion, and if the law permits or requires the relinquishment or removal of firearms. The federal law, enacted in 1994 (and reauthorized in 2022), only protects qualifying victims that obtain final DVROs. States can mirror or go beyond federal measures. From 1991 to 2016, 38 states enacted a firearm prohibitor law through DVROs (37 states), TROs (20 states), or both (19 states). Today, survivors suffer from a sluggish and fragmented legal system leading to the unequal protection of victims based on where they happen to live. This research provides an in-depth descriptive analysis of this complex and nuanced legal system, recommendations to spur policy reform, and longitudinal data for future research.
Personality development in immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents: Disruption or maturation?
Authors: Gillespie Sarah , Shiner Rebecca , Masten Ann S. , Motti-Stefanidi Frosso
Published: September 2022

This study examined gender and immigrant status differences in stability and change in the Big Five traits in a sample of early adolescents in Greece from economically disadvantaged schools with a high immigrant composition (65% first- or second-generation immigrants). Youth in the sample ( N = 1252, 46% female, ages 12–13 at time 1) self-reported Big Five traits annually for 3 years. Mean-level and rank-order stability were examined separately by gender and immigration history. Growth modeling of mean-level scores showed declines in all five personality traits for both genders between ages 12 and 14, followed by increases in conscientiousness for girls and boys, and increases in agreeableness and openness to experience for boys only. In sensitivity analyses, boys showed disruption at all levels of perceived economic stress, but only girls with high levels of perceived economic stress showed disruption. Trajectories were similar for immigrant and non-immigrant youth, suggesting that immigrant youth did not show greater mean-level disruption. However, immigrant youth reported lower means on all traits except emotional stability. Rank-order stability was moderately strong over 3 years and comparable across both genders and immigration histories. Results in this high-risk sample supported the disruption hypothesis and suggest that immigration experiences are associated with personality development.
Efficacy of various structural forms of disentangled polyethylene laminates against low velocity impact
Authors: Bajya Mukesh , Majumdar Abhijit , Butola Bhupendra Singh , Jasra Raksh Vir
Published: September 2022

Filament-based unidirectional laminates of para-aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene exhibit excellent impact resistance performance. This research explored the possibility of using disentangled polyethylene (DPE) tape, instead of filaments, as an alternative impact resistant material. The effects of laminate structure, binding resin content and processing temperature on the tensile and impact properties of cross-ply laminates prepared from DPE tape was investigated. Three types of cross-ply laminates prepared from tape, woven fabric of untwisted tape and woven fabric of twisted tape were explored. Tensile properties and low velocity impact resistance of laminates were evaluated. Laminate made from woven untwisted tape showed much lower impact energy absorption than cross-ply laminate, while the woven twisted tape based laminate performed the worst. Cross-ply laminates made with low resin content showed better tensile and impact resistance performances. Cross-ply laminates prepared at higher moulding temperature showed significantly enhanced impact energy absorption than its counterpart prepared at a lower temperature. Therefore, cross-ply laminate of DPE tape with low resin content is ideal for impact resistance applications.
Mechanical properties of calcium phosphate reinforced polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biocomposite
Authors: Najah MI , Aisyah R , Adzila S , Haq RHA
Published: September 2022

In the area of bone tissue engineering, the concept of using biomaterials based bone scaffolds in the regeneration of critical size bone defects is a key element to development of alternatives to allogenic and autogolous bone graft. Globally, countries all over the world is experiencing population aging besides other bone defects related case including trauma, pathology and congenital defects. Calcium phosphate (CaP) has received much interest for broad range of bone substitutes since its physicochemical properties can be conveniently tailored with close resemblance to human bone constituents. In this study the mechanical properties of Polyhydroxyalakanoate (PHA)/CaP composite were investigated. CaP was reinforced in PHA in the range from 5 wt% to 30 wt% and the tensile and impact properties of the composite were investigated. The addition of CaP showed fluctuation value in both tensile strength and impact strength starting with drop at approximately three times lower than neat PHA. The maximum tensile stress recorded at 15 wt% of CaP was 7.93 MPa along with elastic modulus of 102.416 MPa while the minimum tensile stress recorded at 30 wt% of CaP was 2.423 MPa with elastic modulus of 49.455 MPa. In parallel, the highest impact strength showed at 15 wt% of CaP was 5.761 kJ/m2 while the lowest mechanical strength recorded at 30 wt% of CaP content. Morphological analysis demonstrates the crack surface of each sample with CaP inclusion in supporting the development of brittleness in nature of biocomposite throughout the inclusion of CaP osteo-filler. Admittedly, the finding of this study will contribute to development of PHA based scaffolds for bone tissue with compromise mechanical properties along with their biological performance identical or similar to that of an ancient graft or transplant upon implantation.
Advising in Family Firms: Shaping Relational Dynamics and Trustful Connections in Strategy Work
Authors: Quarchioni Sonia , Ciccola Roberta , Chiucchi Maria Serena
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to explore strategy advisors’ actions and interactions with family actors and nonfamily managers for strategy work in family businesses. By combining the strategy-as-practice perspective with the concept of emotional engagement practices, we interpret the case of a family firm collaborating with an external advisor over a 15-year period. We add to prior studies by showing how advisors work to build trustful and emotional connections that shape relational dynamics within evolving spaces of strategic discussion. We highlight the implications for strategy work, which change as relational dynamics develop over time.
Optimization design of a bionic horse’s leg system driven by a cam-linkage mechanism
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Zhang Jihao , Wang Liangwen , Li Liwei , Shi Yalei , Xie Guizhong , Wang Xuemei
Published: September 2022

For equine-assisted therapy, a bionic horse configuration is presented. A bionic horse’s single leg system has two degrees of freedom (DOFs), which is driven by a cam-linkage mechanism and can adjust the leg’s endpoint trajectory. Based on analyzing the motion law of the bionic horse and the foot trajectory’s requirements of the leg system, a multi-objective optimization model is established based on the foot trajectory performance index. To determine the objective function, the errors between the ideal foot trajectory and the mechanism motion model’s foot trajectory, and the errors between the actual adjustable values and the target values for the motion range are taken as the optimization objective. In terms of the constraint conditions, the structural constraints, kinematic feasible region conditions, pressure angle requirements, et al., are considered. The ideal mechanism parameters are obtained by the intelligent optimization method. The results are verified by simulation modeling and experimental prototype, and the relevant ideas can provide a reference for the research of similar problems.
Dynamic characteristics analysis of a dual-rotor system with bolted-disk joint
Authors: Li Yuqi , Wen Chuanmei , Luo Zhong , Jin Long
Published: September 2022

This article presents a nonlinear vibration characteristics study of a bolted joint dual-rotor system. The motion equations are derived through the lumped mass modeling method and a two-node bolted joint element. Nonlinear time-varying bending stiffness at the joint interface is considered in the numerical integration. Qualitative analysis of the effect of preload on system responses is conducted through changing the value of the transition point of bending stiffness of the bolted joint. Moreover, the transfer path of vibration in the dual-rotor system through inner-shaft bearing was discussed in the present work. The nonlinear differential equations are solved using the Newmark integration method to predict the dynamic characteristics of the dual-rotor system. The results show that the maximum vibration displacement of LP rotor is positively correlated with that of HP rotor as preload changes. Moreover, the maximum amplitude of the time-domain responses of the HP rotor will decrease and the minimum amplitude will increase with the increase of preload. The difference between the maximum and minimum values of the time-domain response will decrease with the increase of preload. This can be explained by the “stiffness hardening” phenomenon of the bolted joint. The research results can help understanding the dynamic properties of the bolted joint dual-rotor system and the vibration transfer path of the rotor system through inner-shaft bearing.
Transmissibility response analysis of a human body in semi-supine posture exposed to low-frequency vibrations
Authors: Govindan Rajesh , Saran V Huzur , Harsha Suraj Prakash
Published: September 2022

The study presents transmissibility responses of 14 male subjects exposed to vertical sinusoidal vibration (2.0–16.0 Hz) at five vibration magnitudes (0.5–1.5 m s−2 r.m.s.). The vibration magnitudes are measured at five body locations: head (at the forehead), sternum, abdomen, thigh, and leg, for which the transmissibility at each body location is statistically analyzed. The nonlinearity in the transmissibility response, that is, decrease in resonance frequency with an increase in vibration magnitude, is evident for the sternum, abdomen, thigh, and leg. The higher vibration magnitude causes greater segmental transmissibility at excitation frequency lower than the resonance frequency. The highest vibration transmissibility has been observed for the abdomen, followed by the thigh, sternum, and head. The findings indicate that the higher energy content associated with the sinusoidal waveform further softens the tissues in contact with the vibrating surface.

Practitioner Summary: The present study provides transmissibility responses of the semi-supine posture of humans at the head, sternum, abdomen, thigh, and leg under vertical sinusoidal excitation (2.0–16.0 Hz). Pronounced transmissibility is obtained for the abdomen among the other body segments, followed by the thigh, as both consist of a majority of soft tissues.
Electrical magnetohydrodynamic flow of kerosene oil based carbon nanotube's Maxwell nanofluid in the presence of non-linear radiation and Cattaneo-Christov heat diffusion: Applications in aerospace industry
Authors: Suneetha Sangapatnam , Wahidunnisa Lal Ahamed , Divya Abbai Reddy , Reddy Polu Bala Anki
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the influence of carbon nanotubes to improve heat transmission with Maxwell nanofluids which is suspended in kerosene oil. This mathematical model has been expressed in terms of partial differential equations, which are transformed by using compatible variables into ordinary differential equation's. The result of this model has been attained numerically via RK fourth order with shooting iteration. The results show that with a larger magnetic field, heat transfer increases radiation while decreasing velocity. The combined electrical magnetohydrodynamic effects have the potential to improve fluid flow rates. Moreover, the non-linear radiation case is dominating to the linear case. This theoretical study may be applied in material science, purification technologies, optics and electricity owing to their astonishing possessions, aerospace industry and many more. Especially in aerospace, by way of the aid in plummeting the weight, satellite weight lessening, lightning protection for aircraft and so on.
A novel conjugate heat transfer approach to determine the temperature distribution in single-point cutting tool under different conditions
Authors: Mishra Rishish , Dubey Vineet , Singh Rabesh Kumar , Sharma Anuj Kumar , Katiyar Jitendra Kumar
Published: September 2022

Measurement of accurate temperature of the tooltip, rake face, and flank face during the machining operation has always been difficult and a topic of interest among researchers. Thermal modeling for determining the temperature distribution across the tool surface is one of the approaches to determining the other physical properties associated with temperature in machining. Various attempts have been made to predict the temperature during machining operations. The exact determination of temperature can predict the tool wear and minimize the tooling cost and ideal time in the metal cutting industries. The present work describes the development of an alternative approach for the online tool temperature measurement. The four conditions namely dry cutting with different boundary conditions, flooded water cooling, and the mist flow environment have been considered in the turning operation. Computational fluid dynamics has been used to determine the temperature distribution on tool inserts under different machining environments. The prediction model is developed to compute the temperature across the profile through different numerical equations. Furthermore, the simulated data has also been validated through experimentation with turning operation using a carbide tool and AISI 304 stainless steel as work material. The experimental results are in close agreement with simulated results and have a variation of 25% to 35% in all the machining environments. Among all the cases, the lowest temperature has been recorded in flood water cooling followed by the machining under a mist environment as compared to dry conditions.
Investigation of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded dissimilar titanium (CP-Ti/Ti–6Al–4V) alloys
Authors: Kumar Adarsh , Mahto Mithlesh Kumar , Rana Vikram Singh , Vashista Meghanshu , Yusufzai Mohd Zaheer Khan
Published: September 2022

Economical welding of dissimilar titanium alloys has always been a challenge for the aerospace and nuclear industries, where these alloys are extensively used because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. The present investigation deals with the development of a novel shielding setup for the successful welding of commercially pure titanium (α-phase) to Ti–6Al–4V ((α + β)-phase) without any atmospheric contamination using gas tungsten arc welding. Commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti–6Al–4V sheets of 3 mm thickness were butt-welded autogenously and using CP-Ti filler metal. Metallographic studies, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, microhardness measurements, tensile testing, and fractography were carried out to understand the evolution of the microstructure and characterize the welds. Grain coarsening in heat-affected zone and weld, and variation in the distribution of phases were observed from the optical micrographs and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectrum of different zones. An unsymmetrical variation of hardness was observed in the weld region, and a 15% reduction in hardness value (280 HV0.2) was obtained at the weld center of using filler metal weld than autogenous weld. Comparable strengths with little drop from as-received CP-Ti (307 MPa) were observed for welded specimens. Welds produced using CP-Ti filler metal (272 MPa) had higher strength than autogenous welds (214 MPa). As-received tensile specimens fractured nearly from the center of gauge length, but welded tensile specimens fractured near the base/heat-affected zone boundary of the CP-Ti side.