bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glomus Tumors in the Foot
Authors: Trehan Samir K. , Soukup Dylan S. , Mintz Douglas N. , Perino Giorgio , Ellis Scott J.
Published: April 2015

Glomus tumors are painful, benign neoplasms that frequently are associated with delayed diagnosis. Commonly in the hand, they rarely present in the foot. The purpose of this case series is to characterize the clinical presentation, radiology, pathology, and surgical outcomes associated with foot glomus tumors. We reviewed our pathology database for patients with foot glomus tumors diagnosed between 1995 and 2013. Medical records including physician notes, pathology, and radiology were reviewed. Eleven patients had foot glomus tumors excised at our institution during the study period. The mean age was 45.4 (range = 28-60) years. One patient was lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up for the remaining 10 patients was 44.7 (range = 3-142) months. Ten tumors were located in the subungual region, while 1 was located in the plantar pulp of the distal phalanx. All patients presented with pain. Point tenderness, cold hypersensitivity, and nail abnormalities were variably documented but frequently present. Four patients had had prior surgery for an ingrown toenail prior to presentation at our institution. Six patients had preoperative magnetic resonance imaging studies, which were diagnostic of glomus tumor in all cases except one. Radiographs failed to provide diagnosis in all 8 patients for whom they were obtained. Postoperatively, all patients had complete symptom relief with no recurrences.In conclusion, this case series demonstrates that foot glomus tumors frequently present with classic symptoms including pain, point tenderness, and cold hypersensitivity. When clinically suspected, magnetic resonance imaging should be obtained. Marginal excision results in symptom relief and cure.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Abundance, Adventure, Bearing Witness, and Joy
Authors: Roe Kathleen M. , Mamary Edward , Perales Daniel P. , Demers Anne
Published: April 2015

The moment of graduation offers a unique opportunity for commitment to core principles of the public health profession and leadership for what lies ahead. Inspired by Noreen Clark’s 1992 speech and 1994 article “Health Educators and the Future: Lead, Follow, or Get Out of the Way,” our master of public health program has implemented a three-part learning activity with 20 graduating cohorts since 2000. The result of the activity is a set of “commitments upon graduation” that the master of public health program students affirm together during their graduation ceremony. This article describes the three components of the learning activity, with details on implementation that can be applied to settings beyond higher education. Results of content analysis of the commitments from the more than 450 students graduating between 2000 and 2014 are then presented. Six enduring themes are discussed: health, social justice, promoting and advancing the profession, holding a dream, relationships, and lifelong learning. In addition, four “new” terms are presented that expand the public health lexicon: abundance, difference, adventure, and joy. Lessons learned and recommendations for implementation across academic diverse settings are discussed.
Propranolol attenuates hemorrhage and accelerates wound healing in severely burned adults
Authors: Ali Arham , Herndon David N , Mamachen Ashish , Hasan Samir , Andersen Clark R , Grogans Ro-Jon , Brewer Jordan L , Lee Jong O , Heffernan Jamie , Suman Oscar E , Finnerty Celeste C
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker, exerts an indirect effect on the vasculature by leaving α-adrenergic receptors unopposed, resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction. We have previously shown that propranolol diminishes peripheral blood following burn injury by increasing vascular resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether wound healing and perioperative hemodynamics are affected by propranolol administration in severely burned adults.

Methods

Sixty-nine adult patients with burns covering ≥30% of the total body surface area (TBSA) were enrolled in this IRB-approved study. Patients received standard burn care with (n = 35) or without (control, n = 34) propranolol. Propranolol was administered within 48 hours of burns and given throughout hospital discharge to decrease heart rate by approximately 20% from admission levels. Wound healing was determined by comparing the time between grafting procedures. Blood loss was determined by comparing pre- and postoperative hematocrit while factoring in operative graft area. Data were collected between first admission and first discharge.

Results

Demographics, burn size, and mortality were comparable in the control and propranolol groups. Patients in the propranolol group received an average propranolol dose of 3.3 ± 3.0 mg/kg/day. Daily average heart rate over the first 30 days was significantly lower in the propranolol group (P<0.05). The average number of days between skin grafting procedures was also lower in propranolol patients (10 ± 5 days) than in control patients (17 ± 12 days;P= 0.02), indicative of a faster donor site healing time in the propranolol group. Packed red blood cell infusion was similar between groups (control 5.3 ± 5.4 units vs. propranolol 4.4 ± 3.1 units,P= 0.89). Propranolol was associated with a 5 to 7% improvement in perioperative hematocrit during grafting procedures of 4,000 to 16,000 cm2compared to control (P= 0.002).

Conclusions

Administration of propranolol during the acute hospitalization period diminishes blood loss during skin grafting procedures and markedly improves wound healing in severely burned adults. As burn patients require serial surgical interventions for motor and cosmetic repair, restricting blood loss during operative intervention is optimal.
Benefits and harms of mammography screening
Authors: Løberg Magnus , Lousdal Mette Lise , Bretthauer Michael , Kalager Mette
Published: April 2015

Mammography screening for breast cancer is widely available in many countries. Initially praised as a universal achievement to improve women's health and to reduce the burden of breast cancer, the benefits and harms of mammography screening have been debated heatedly in the past years. This review discusses the benefits and harms of mammography screening in light of findings from randomized trials and from more recent observational studies performed in the era of modern diagnostics and treatment. The main benefit of mammography screening is reduction of breast-cancer related death. Relative reductions vary from about 15 to 25% in randomized trials to more recent estimates of 13 to 17% in meta-analyses of observational studies. Using UK population data of 2007, for 1,000 women invited to biennial mammography screening for 20 years from age 50, 2 to 3 women are prevented from dying of breast cancer. All-cause mortality is unchanged. Overdiagnosis of breast cancer is the main harm of mammography screening. Based on recent estimates from the United States, the relative amount of overdiagnosis (including ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer) is 31%. This results in 15 women overdiagnosed for every 1,000 women invited to biennial mammography screening for 20 years from age 50. Women should be unpassionately informed about the benefits and harms of mammography screening using absolute effect sizes in a comprehensible fashion. In an era of limited health care resources, screening services need to be scrutinized and compared with each other with regard to effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and harms.
Are mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis the good or bad guys?
Authors: De Bari Cosimo
Published: April 2015

The advancements in our understanding of the inflammatory and immune mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have fuelled the development of targeted therapies that block cytokine networks and pathogenic immune cells, leading to a considerable improvement in the management of RA patients. Nonetheless, no therapy is curative and clinical remission does not necessarily correspond to non-progression of joint damage. Hence, the biomedical community has redirected scientific efforts and resources towards the investigation of other biological aspects of the disease, including the mechanisms driving tissue remodelling and repair. In this regard, stem cell research has attracted extraordinary attention, with the ultimate goal to develop interventions for the biological repair of damaged tissues in joint disorders, including RA. The recent evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the ability to differentiate into cartilage are present in joint tissues raises an opportunity for therapeutic interventions via targeting intrinsic repair mechanisms. Under physiological conditions, MSCs in the joint are believed to contribute to the maintenance and repair of joint tissues. In RA, however, the repair function of MSCs appears to be repressed by the inflammatory milieu. In addition to being passive targets, MSCs could interact with the immune system and play an active role in the perpetuation of arthritis and progression of joint damage. Like MSCs, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are part of the stroma of the synovial membrane. During RA, FLSs undergo proliferation and contribute to the formation of the deleterious pannus, which mediates damage to articular cartilage and bone. Both FLSs and MSCs are contained within the mononuclear cell fraction in vitro, from which they can be culture expanded as plastic-adherent fibroblast-like cells. An important question to address relates to the relationship between MSCs and FLSs. MSCs and FLSs could be the same cell type with functional specialisation or represent different functional stages of the same stromal lineage. This review will discuss the roles of MSCs in RA and will address current knowledge of the relative identity between MSCs and FLSs. It will also examine the immunomodulatory properties of the MSCs and the potential to harness such properties for the treatment of RA.
Endothelial cells direct human mesenchymal stem cells for osteo- and chondro-lineage differentiation through endothelin-1 and AKT signaling
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Lin , Wang Bowen , Squire Matthew W , Guo Lian-Wang , Li Wan-Ju
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) reside in a perivascular niche of the body, suggesting that they interact closely with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) through cell-cell interaction or paracrine signaling to maintain cell functions. Endothelin-1 (ET1) is a paracrine factor mainly secreted by ECs. We thus hypothesize that ECs can regulate cellular activities of hMSCs and direct their stem cell fate.

Methods

We investigated whether co-cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were able to regulate expression of potency- and lineage-related markers in bone marrow-derived hMSCs. We further explored the regulatory effects of ET1 on cell proliferation, expression of surface antigens and pluripotency-related markers, and multilineage differentiation in hMSCs. Activation of the AKT signaling pathway in hMSCs was also analyzed to identify its mechanistic role in the ET1-induced regulation.

Results

Co-cultured HAECs enhanced expression of mesenchymal lineage-related markers in hMSCs. Treatment of ET receptor antagonist downregulated the increased expression of CBFA1 in hMSCs cultured with HAEC-conditioned medium. hMSCs treated with ET1 showed cell proliferation and expression of surface antigens, CD73, CD90, and CD105, comparable with those without ET1 treatment. ET1-treated hMSCs also expressed upregulated mRNA transcript levels of OCT3/4, NANOG, CBFA1 and SOX9. When induced for lineage-specific differentiation, hMSCs pre-treated with ET1 showed enhanced osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. However, adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs was not affected by ET1 pretreatment. We further showed that the ET1-induced regulation was mediated by activation of AKT signaling.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that ET1 secreted by HAECs can direct bone marrow-derived hMSCs for osteo- and chondro-lineage differentiation through activation of the AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that ET1 plays a crucial role in regulation of hMSC activity. Our findings may help understand how hMSCs interact with ECs in a perivascular niche.
On some recent coincidence and immediate consequences in partially ordered b-metric spaces
Authors: Huang Huaping , Radenović Stojan , Vujaković Jelena
Published: April 2015

The aim of this article is to present, improve and generalize some recent coincidence and coupled coincidence point results from several papers in the framework of partially ordered b-metric spaces. Two examples are also provided to support the superiority of the obtained results.
ATRX contributes to epigenetic asymmetry and silencing of major satellite transcripts in the maternal genome of the mouse embryo
Authors: De La Fuente Rabindranath , Baumann Claudia , Viveiros Maria M.
Published: April 2015

A striking proportion of human cleavage-stage embryos exhibit chromosome instability (CIN). Notably, until now, no experimental model has been described to determine the origin and mechanisms of complex chromosomal rearrangements. Here, we examined mouse embryos deficient for the chromatin remodeling protein ATRX to determine the cellular mechanisms activated in response to CIN. We demonstrate that ATRX is required for silencing of major satellite transcripts in the maternal genome, where it confers epigenetic asymmetry to pericentric heterochromatin during the transition to the first mitosis. This stage is also characterized by a striking kinetochore size asymmetry established by differences in CENP-C protein between the parental genomes. Loss of ATRX results in increased centromeric mitotic recombination, a high frequency of sister chromatid exchanges and double strand DNA breaks, indicating the formation of mitotic recombination break points. ATRX-deficient embryos exhibit a twofold increase in transcripts for aurora kinase B, the centromeric cohesin ESCO2, DNMT1, the ubiquitin-ligase (DZIP3) and the histone methyl transferase (EHMT1). Thus, loss of ATRX activates a pathway that integrates epigenetic modifications and DNA repair in response to chromosome breaks. These results reveal the cellular response of the cleavage-stage embryo to CIN and uncover a mechanism by which centromeric fission induces the formation of large-scale chromosomal rearrangements. Our results have important implications to determine the epigenetic origins of CIN that lead to congenital birth defects and early pregnancy loss, as well as the mechanisms involved in the oocyte to embryo transition.
On the development of the patella
Authors: Eyal Shai , Blitz Einat , Shwartz Yulia , Akiyama Haruhiko , Schweitzer Ronen , Zelzer Elazar
Published: April 2015

The current view of skeletal patterning fails to explain the formation of sesamoid bones. These small bones, which facilitate musculoskeletal function, are exceptionally embedded within tendons. Although their structural design has long puzzled researchers, only a limited model for sesamoid bone development has emerged. To date, sesamoids are thought to develop inside tendons in response to mechanical signals from the attaching muscles. However, this widely accepted model has lacked substantiation. Here, we show that, contrary to the current view, in the mouse embryo the patella initially develops as a bony process at the anteriodistal surface of the femur. Later, the patella is separated from the femur by a joint formation process that is regulated by mechanical load. Concurrently, the patella becomes superficially embedded within the quadriceps tendon. At the cellular level, we show that, similar to bone eminences, the patella is formed secondarily by a distinct pool of Sox9- and Scx-positive progenitor cells. Finally, we show that TGFβ signaling is necessary for the specification of patella progenitors, whereas the BMP4 pathway is required for their differentiation. These findings establish an alternative model for patella development and provide the mechanical and molecular mechanisms that underlie this process. More broadly, our finding that activation of a joint formation program can be used to switch between the formation of bony processes and of new auxiliary bones provides a new perspective on plasticity during skeletal patterning and evolution.
Discovery of Novel Delafossite-type Compounds Composed of Copper(I) Lithium Titanium with Photocatalytic Activity for H2 Evolution under Visible Light
Authors: Kato Hideki , Fujisawa Tsuyoshi , Kobayashi Makoto , Kakihana Masato
Published: April 2015

Novel delafossite-type compounds Cu(Li1/3Ti2/3)O2 with 3R- and 2H-type structures have been discovered through the reaction between Li4Ti5O12 and Cu2O. Cu(Li1/3Ti2/3)O2 is the first Cu(I)-titanate containing no dn (n = 1–9) metal ions. It has been found that Cu(Li1/3Ti2/3)O2 with a band gap of 2.1 eV functions as a photocatalyst for H2 evolution under visible light irradiation.
Open Skies: Estimating Travelers' Benefits from Free Trade in Airline Services
Authors: Winston Clifford , Yan Jia
Published: April 2015

The United States has negotiated bilateral open skies agreements to deregulate airline competition on US international routes, but little is known about their effects on travelers' welfare and the gains from the US negotiating agreements with more countries. We develop a model of international airline competition to estimate the effects of open skies agreements on fares and flight frequency. We find the agreements have generated at least $4 billion in annual gains to travelers and that travelers would gain an additional $4 billion if the US negotiated agreements with other countries that have a significant amount of international passenger traffic. (JEL D12, L11, L51, L93, L98)
Telecracy: Testing for Channels of Persuasion
Authors: Barone Guglielmo , D'Acunto Francesco , Narciso Gaia
Published: April 2015

We consider the long-lived slant towards Berlusconi in political information on Italian television (TV ). We exploit a shock to the slanted exposure of viewers: idiosyncratic deadlines to switch to digital TV from 2008 to 2012, which increased the number of freeview channels tenfold. The switch caused a drop in the vote share of Berlusconi's coalition by between 5.5 and 7.5 percentage points. The effect was stronger in towns with older and less educated voters. At least 20 percent of digital users changed their voting behavior after the introduction of digital TV. Our evidence is consistent with the existence of persuasion-biased viewers. (JEL D72, D83, L82, L88)
Integrating Personality and Social Networks: A Meta-Analysis of Personality, Network Position, and Work Outcomes in Organizations
Authors: Fang Ruolian , Landis Blaine , Zhang Zhen , Anderson Marc H. , Shaw Jason D. , Kilduff Martin
Published: April 2015

Using data from 138 independent samples, we meta-analytically examined three research questions concerning the roles of personality and network position in organizations. First, how do different personality characteristics—self-monitoring and the Big Five personality traits—relate to indegree centrality and brokerage, the two most studied structurally advantageous positions in organizational networks? Second, how do indegree centrality and brokerage compare in explaining job performance and career success? Third, how do these personality variables and network positions relate to work outcomes? Our results show that self-monitoring predicted indegree centrality (across expressive and instrumental networks) and brokerage (in expressive networks) after controlling for the Big Five traits. Self-monitoring, therefore, was especially relevant for understanding why people differ in their acquisition of advantageous positions in social networks. But the total variance explained by personality ranged between 3% and 5%. Surprisingly, we found that indegree centrality was more strongly related to job performance and career success than brokerage. We also found that personality predicted job performance and career success above and beyond network position and that network position partially mediated the effects of certain personality variables on work outcomes. This paper provides an integrated view of how an individual’s personality and network position combine to influence job performance and career success.
Diagnosis of asthma in adults
Authors: Thomas Susan
Published: April 2015

Susan Thomas considers the tests that can assist in the diagnosis of asthma in adults
Understanding norovirus
Authors: Winter George
Published: April 2015

Norovirus infection causes diarrhoea and vomiting in 600 000 to 1 million people in the UK each year
Spatial-Sequential and Spatial-Simultaneous Working Memory in Individuals With Williams Syndrome
Authors: Lanfranchi Silvia , De Mori Letizia , Mammarella Irene C , Carretti Barbara , Vianello Renzo
Published: April 2015

The aim of the present study was to compare visuospatial working memory performance in 18 individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) and 18 typically developing (TD) children matched for nonverbal mental age. Two aspects were considered: task presentation format (i.e., spatial-sequential or spatial-simultaneous), and level of attentional control (i.e., passive or active tasks). Our results showed that individuals with WS performed less well than TD children in passive spatial-simultaneous tasks, but not in passive spatial-sequential tasks. The former's performance was also worse in both active tasks. These findings suggest an impairment in the spatial-simultaneous working memory of individuals with WS, together with a more generalized difficulty in tasks requiring information storage and concurrent processing, as seen in other etiologies of intellectual disability.
Executive Functions and Prader-Willi Syndrome: Global Deficit Linked With Intellectual Level and Syndrome-Specific Associations
Authors: Chevalère Johann , Postal Virginie , Jauregui Joseba , Copet Pierre , Laurier Virginie , Thuilleaux Denise
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to support the growing evidence suggesting that Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) might present with an impairment of executive functions (EFs) and to investigate whether this impairment is specific to patients with PWS or due to their intellectual disability (ID). Six tasks were administered to assess EFs (inhibition, switching, updating, cognitive estimation, and planning) to 17 patients with PWS and 17 age-matched healthy individuals. Performance was significantly impaired in the PWS group on all EFs and after controlling for IQ level, intergroup differences remained only for switching and cognitive estimation. In conclusion, PWS seems to be associated with a global impairment of EFs that appears to be closely linked with intellectual impairment but also with the PWS itself.
Coping With Criticism and Praise
Authors: Esdale Lynn , Jahoda Andrew , Pert Carol
Published: April 2015

Through experiencing stigma and discrimination, people with intellectual disability may become more sensitive to criticism from others and be less likely to believe praise. This study compared how people with and without intellectual disability viewed praise and criticism, using a vignette task developed for the study. Participants were asked to imagine someone saying something praiseworthy or critical and were then asked about their emotions, beliefs, and thoughts. People with intellectual disability were more likely to believe and be distressed by criticism. Contrary to predictions, this group were also more likely to believe praise and experience positive affect. The results suggest that the self-perceptions of people with intellectual disabilities is more dynamic and reliant on the views of others.
Altermodern art education: Theory and practice
Authors: Hoekstra Marike , Groenendijk Talita
Published: April 2015

Art education in schools today needs to include the development of its direct relation to contemporary art, global developments and the lives of young people. Notions on contemporary art, migration and globalization, put forward by Nicolas Bourriaud in The Radicant and the Tate Triennial, are connected with relevant developments in art education. Key parameters following from theory are intercultural, process-oriented and student-based. The empirical study consists of a design research program to investigate the possibilities of Altermodern Art Education, having six trained art teachers implement the central design parameters in eight-week projects with 14 to 17 year olds.

De centrale gedachte voor dit onderzoek is dat beeldend kunstonderwijs (onvoldoende) aansluit bij ontwikkelingen in hedendaagse kunst, bij maatschappelijke processen zoals globalisering en bij de leefwereld van jongeren. Theorievorming over hedendaagse kunst, globalisering en migratie, zoals die door Nicholas Bourriaud naar voren zijn gebracht in zijn essay The Radicant en de tentoonstelling The Altermodern, worden verbonden met relevante ontwikkelingen in kunstonderwijs. De belangrijkste ontwerpprincipes die daaruit voortkomen zijn intercultureel, procesgericht en leerling gestuurd.

Om deze ideeën te ontwikkelen en toepasbaar te maken in het onderwijs is een ontwikkelonderzoek opgezet, waarin verschillende docenten de ontwerpprincipes vertalen naar concrete lessen beeldende vorming. De resultaten van de acht weken durende projecten voor leerlingen van 14-17 jaar moeten worden gezien als een eerste onderzoek naar de mogelijkheden van altermoderne kunsteducatie.
An artist-in-residence: Teaching with a sense of urgency
Authors: Hunter-Doniger Tracey
Published: April 2015

This case study demonstrates the value of a ‘sense of urgency’ within the context of artist-in-residence programmes in K-12 public schools. Although the notion of a sense of urgency is often referred to within the context of business, this study reveals ways that this concept can be applied to an educational situation as well. In this article, a case study is presented in which an artist-in-residence created an environment where students in an Advanced Placement sculpture class set goals maintained constant vigilance, took risks and learnt to evaluate their own skills. This article indicates that using a sense of urgency as a pedagogical style can bring an additional learning benefit to students.
Photography, critical pedagogy and ‘Difficult Knowledge’
Authors: Gil-Glazer Ya’ara
Published: April 2015

This article reports on a study of students’ reactions, perceptions and attitudes towards photographs that convey difficult knowledge to which they were exposed in an academic course. Difficult knowledge in this context refers to photographs that address disturbing topics such as violence, suffering and pain, extreme sexuality and gender identity. Research results indicate that while most of the students’ initial responses to such photographs displayed both attraction and repulsion, the photographs were also perceived as having great potential for promoting critical educational discourse. In addition, the results reveal that the sensitive use of photographs containing difficult knowledge is highly significant for an effective discussion in educational contexts.

מאמר זה מתאר מחקר על תגובות, תפיסות ועמדות של סטודנטים כלפי תצלומים המכילים ידע קשה, שאליהם נחשפו במסגרת קורס אקדמי. ידע קשה בהקשר זה מתייחס לתצלומים העוסקים בנושאים כמו אלימות, סבל וכאב, מיניות קיצונית וזהות מגדרית. תוצאות המחקר מצביעות כי בעוד שרוב התגובות הראשוניות של הסטודנטים לתצלומים כאלה התאפיינו הן במשיכה והן בדחייה, התצלומים אף נתפסו באותו זמן כבעלי פוטנציאל רב לקידום שיח חינוכי ביקורתי. בנוסף לכך, התוצאות מראות כי שימוש רגיש בתצלומים המכילים ידע קשה הינו חיוני לשם קיומו של דיון חינוכי אפקטיבי.
Zema and Peter Haworth: A double-jointed biography from the history of art education
Authors: Garnet Dustin
Published: April 2015

In this double-jointed biography, the author narrates the tandem tale of two parallel lives that directly contributed to the art community in Toronto, Canada, for generations. Each of these two great Canadians dedicated over 30 years to the instruction of visual art education at Central Technical School (CTS) and their lasting legacy has produced some of Canada’s most celebrated artists. Zema (Bobs) Haworth and Peter Haworth immigrated to Canada from England in the early 1920s and developed into successful artists, advocates, educators and socialites whose lives were inextricably intertwined with the larger institutional history of the Art Department at CTS. Tracing Zema’s and Peter’s lives through archival research, published memoirs and interviews, photos, and other personal documents, the author explores how this couple embodied the ideal of the artist-teacher and contributed to the visual arts at both the local and national levels.
Images used in visual arts education textbooks for secondary education: A study in Spain
Authors: BaraZe Idoia Marcellan , Pintado Ainhoa Gómez , Olaiz Ilargi
Published: April 2015

In this article we report on a study of images in visual arts education textbooks in the Basque Country (Spain). Studying textbooks is important because they are used extensively in Spanish schools. Our initial theory is that student’ lives are rich in images, mainly from media culture, but their textbooks, in contrast, offer more traditional images of art. Our analysis of images in the textbooks identified very different types of artistic images to the media ones. We saw a different use of them; ‘art’ is given a higher priority and is defined by aesthetic and hegemonic historical criteria. We could see a different treatment between artistic images and media culture, which seemed to imply a hierarchical relationship between the two. What seemed to us to be missing were links that might allow students to make meaningful connections between art and media culture images and the students’ life experience.

Este artículo expone un estudio sobre las imágenes presentes en los libros de texto de Educación Plástica y Visual en el País Vasco (España). Estudiar los libros de texto es importante porque son los materiales educativos más usados en las escuelas españolas.

La principal hipótesis es que mientras la vida de los estudiantes es rica en imágenes, principalmente, de la cultura mediática sus libros de texto, por el contrario, ofrecen imágenes tradicionales de arte.

Mediante el análisis de las imágenes de los libros de texto se ha detectado una gran diferencia entre la presencia y el tratamiento de las artísticas y las provenientes de los medios de comunicación masiva; el arte es definido mediante criterios estéticos hegemónicos y tiene una mayor presencia que la cultura mediática, lo que parece implicar una relación jerárquica entre ambos ámbitos.

Se echan de menos, además, relaciones que permitieran a los estudiantes realizar conexiones significativas entre las imágenes artísticas y las mediáticas y la experiencia de los estudiantes.
Book Reviews
Authors: Blaikie Fiona , Karpati Andrea , Siu King-chung
Published: April 2015

From Child Art to Visual Language of Youth: New Models and Tools for Assessment of Learning and Creation in Art Education, Andrea Karpati and Emil Gaul (eds) (2013) Bristol, United Kingdom: Intellect, 282 pp., ISBN: 9781841506241, h/bk, GBP 45, US$ 64.50

Explorations in Virtual Worlds: New Digital Multi-Media Literacy Investigations for Art Education, Mary Stokrocki (ed.) (2014) Reston, VA: National Art Education Association, 153 pp., ISBN: 9781890160630, p/bk, US$37

Ecologies of Invention, Andy Dong, John Conomos and Brad Buckley (eds) (2013) Sydney, Australia: Sydney University Press, 188 pp., ISBN: 9781743323571, p/bk, A$50.00
From wireless experiments to streaming: The secret history and changing role of college radio at Haverford College 1923–2014
Authors: Waits Jennifer C.
Published: April 2015

The 1920s were boom years for college radio, with at least 90 college radio stations in the United States by January 1924. This period was also the heyday for radio at Haverford College, a small, all-male Quaker College near Philadelphia. Its first radio station, WABQ, was launched by students in 1923. In the early years of the station, students embarked on a series of ambitious projects, including international wireless experiments. WABQ was sold to a commercial radio group and in its wake other stations (WHAV and WHRC) formed at Haverford. In the 1940s the station was part of one of the first intercollegiate radio networks. By the 1980s WHRC was a campus-only AM carrier-current station. As technology evolved WHRC abandoned carrier-current for Internet-only broadcasting and by 2009 even this netcast faded away. Following some experiments with transforming the station into a podcast-only DJ club in 2009–2010, WHRC was again resurrected as a streaming radio station in 2012. This article covers the more than 90-year history of radio at Haverford College from the 1920s to the present. It draws from historical documents and interviews with WHAV and WHRC participants from the 1940s through 2014. The story of Haverford College radio adds another voice to the currently very limited literature documenting both the very early history of college radio and the evolution of college radio in general.
O PAPEL TRANSFORMADOR DAS FERRAMENTAS DIDÁTICAS NAS PRÁTICAS DE ENSINO E NO OBJETO ENSINADO: O CASO DA ESCRITA DO ARTIGO DE OPINIÃO
Authors: Graça Luciana , Pereira Maria Luísa Álvares
Published: April 2015

Este artigo estuda a importância das ferramentas didáticas utilizadas pelo professor na transformação quer das práticas de ensino quer do próprio objeto efetivamente ensinado in loco. Mais especificamente, nós avaliamos o impacto da introdução de uma sequência didática, em turmas de 6.º ano de escolaridade de língua portuguesa, não só em termos das atividades realizadas como também a nível das dimensões do objeto de ensino selecionadas para serem apresentadas aos alunos.
O ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR: PROPOSTAS PARA SUA RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO A PARTIR DA VISÃO DO ALUNO DE PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Ramos de Andrade Maria de Fátima , Moço Aparicio Ana Silvia , Hass Celia Maria
Published: April 2015

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal colocar em discussão a atividade de estágio curricular. Para tal, inicialmente, apresenta-se uma breve história de como essa atividade vem sendo tratada na legislação brasileira, bem como o conceito de estágio que se defende. Por último, apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em curso de Pedagogia em que se procurou, por meio das respostas a entrevistas com alunos do curso, identificar elementos para a ressignificação do estágio curricular. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam principalmente que a real inserção do estagiário no contexto escolar só será possível com um tempo maior de permanência na escola e com um trabalho em parceria da universidade e da escola, com o professor regente assumindo também a responsabilidade pela formação do futuro professo
Programing the rewinding of a three-phase induction motor stator using interactive computer-aided design technique
Authors: Ike Samuel , Peter Enyong , Olowu T.
Published: April 2015

In this paper, a computer program was developed in MATLAB programming language and applied in the refurbishment of defective three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor using the computer-aided design technique/approach. The MATLAB programming language and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) analysis adopted aided the fast computation and convergence of a output result from the developed program that was used in the practical refurbishment of a defective 48-slot 3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor as well as the production of the entire stator winding. The result also revealed the motor as being a 4-pole type which lends itself easily to the lap winding pattern. The winding was practically developed using the program result data, installed, connected and tested. The speed realized from the post-refurbishment workshop test-running using the stroboscopic speed measuring instrument was 1500rpm. This was considered as good performance on no-load condition. The machine was allowed to run for about one hour during the workshop test-running without overheating. The computed output power was 20 kW. The estimated efficiency and power factor by CAD technique were 90 % and 0.9, respectively. These values were considered satisfactory.
Insulation or Patronage: Political Institutions and Bureaucratic Efficiency
Authors: Mueller Hannes
Published: April 2015

This article presents a model of political insulation of bureaucracies. Political influence can harm competence because it lowers the incentives of bureaucrats to invest in competence. Politicians then want to adopt institutions that insulate the bureaucracy because this establishes a commitment to reward competence. Political leaders insulate the bureaucracy if public good provision is important compared to rent extraction or when political competition forces the political elite to internalize the welfare loss caused by patronage. Through this channel political reforms can lead to reforms of the bureaucracy. The theoretical findings are illustrated with existing empirical studies and data on central bank independence.
Group extensions with special properties
Authors: Distler Andreas , Eick Bettina
Published: April 2015

Given a group
The role of apolipoprotein E polymorphism in improving dyslipidemia in obese adolescents following physical exercise and National Cholesterol Education Program Step II intervention
Authors: Gultom Lanny C. , Sjarif Damayanti R. , Sudoyo Herawati A. , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S. , Immanuel Suzanna , Setiawati Mexitalia
Published: April 2015

Lifestyle changes are important factors for managing dyslipidemia before considering blood lipid-lowering drugs. However, genetic factors can influence the response outcome.

We aimed to determine a dyslipidemia management strategy in obese adolescents.

: A total of 60 dyslipidemic obese adolescents received physical exercise and the NCEP step II diet for 28 days. Apolipoprotein E (apo E) genotypes and blood lipid levels were compared before and after interventions.

The apo

Apo E alleles might influence improvement in lipid profiles after diet and exercise interventions. These results could inform personalized dyslipidemia management in obese adolescents, to determine which subjects would benefit from blood lipid-lowering drugs.
Insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children and adolescents: a hierarchical approach
Authors: Sakou Irine-Ikbale , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Sergentanis Theodoros N. , Karavanaki Kyriaki , Karachaliou Feneli , Ntanasis-Stathopoulos Ioannis , Tzanninis Stamatios , Sdogou Triantafyllia , Greydanus Donald , Tsitsika Artemis
Published: April 2015

This study aims to globally assess the network of insulin resistance (IR)-related factors in a sample of overweight and obese Greek youths.

A total of 185 subjects were examined, and IR was quantified by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Multivariate hierarchical approach was performed, and five distinct levels were recognized, namely, immutable demographic features and early life parameters, current anthropometric measures, IR, unfavorable clinical conditions, and social parameters. Two analyses were performed based on HOMA-IR cut-off values (3.16 and, as an alternative, 3.99).

Obesity was associated with IR (adjusted OR=3.19, 95% CI: 1.12–9.09). IR steadily predicted low HDL (adjusted OR=5.75, 95% CI: 1.58–20.87), hypertriglyceridemia (adjusted OR=10.28, 95% CI: 1.18–89.55), and systolic hypertension. At the alternative analysis, IR was also associated with older age, older age at menarche, hyperuricemia, and low school grades.

Emerging on the grounds of obesity, IR confers risks for dyslipidemia and hypertension at a relatively early age. Along with weight loss, interventions targeted at IR are required to prevent cardiometabolic risk in adolescence.
Synthesis, spectroscopic [IR, (1H, 13C, 27Al) NMR] and mass spectrometric studies of aluminium(III) complexes containing O- and N-chelating Schiff bases
Authors: Dubey Raj Kumar , Meenakshi  , Singh Avadhesh Pratap
Published: April 2015

Reactions of aluminium isopropoxide with 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-benzoxazole (pbox
Synthesis, crystal structure, and fungicidal activity of triorganotin(IV) 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylates
Authors: Mao Wutao , Bao Keyan , Feng Yuquan , Wang Qingfeng , Li Juajuan , Fan Zhinjin
Published: April 2015

Two triorganotin carboxylates of 1-methyl-1
La carga ideológica de las ciencias en la sociedad neo-liberal
Authors: de Pablo Juan Cano
Published: April 2015

Las ciencias han sido arrastradas por su producción tecnológica. Sería deseable que las ciencias sean lo más independientes posible de los intereses privados y acentuaran su función social. En este sentido, reflexionamos sobre un caso concreto en España: El problema urbanístico. Este asunto nos brinda un buen ejemplo del uso inadecuado de las ciencias y la tecnología, pero también nos ofrece un rayo de esperanza. En los últimos años están aflorando una serie de colectivos de arquitectura que apuestan por una manera diferente de entender la arquitectura y, por extensión, las relaciones sociales de convivencia.
On Sweetwater and the Significance of Black Women Tellin'
Authors: Griffin Rachel Alicia
Published: April 2015

In this essay, I offer a personal/political/intellectual response to Sweetwater. My reflections flow from a bittersweet panel at the 2013 National Communication Association Annual Convention that illuminated the power of black women's work about black women, but simultaneously testified to our oppressive present/absence in the field of communication studies. Situating Sweetwater as a rich foundation from which additional black femininity research can emerge, I close with a poetic articulation of what Robin M. Boylorn told me and taught me through her beautiful book.
Third Wave Feminist Analysis of a Second Wave Feminist's Art
Authors: Zenovich Jennifer A. , Moreman Shane T.
Published: April 2015

A third wave feminist approach to feminist oral history, this research essay blends both the visual and the oral as text. We critique a feminist artist's art along with her words so that her representation can be seen and heard. Focusing on three art pieces, we analyze the artist's body to conceptualize agentic ways to understand the meanings of feminist art and feminist oral history. We offer a third wave feminist approach to feminist oral history as method so that feminists can consider adaptive means for recording oral histories and challenging dominant symbolic order.
Sweet Mentoring
Authors: Ellis Carolyn
Published: April 2015

This essay introduces the author's mentoring relationship with Robin M. Boylorn, whom she advised as a PhD student from 2003 to 2009. It describes their initial meeting and the relationship they developed as Robin completed her dissertation, which became the book Sweetwater. It discusses the ethical issues in doing autoethnographic research about one's family. Though of different races, Robin and her mentor both came from working-class, Southern backgrounds. In Sweetwater, Robin goes back home for both of them. They continue to meet often and enjoy being colleagues, family, and “just folk” together.
Stories from Sweetwater: Black Women and Narratives of Resilience
Authors: Boylorn Robin M.
Published: April 2015

Sweetwater: Black Women and Narratives of Resilience is an ethnographic autoethnography that collapses traditional ethnographic research, creative writing techniques, and autoethnography to tell a multi-generational story of growing up black and female in the rural South in the twentieth century. The following excerpts, taken from the Prologue and Chapter One, offer a framework and context for the reviews contained in the forum. By introducing the perspective of the writer, who situates herself as a researcher and insider in the community, these excerpts give the reader a glimpse into Sweetwater,* a rural community in the “heart” of North Carolina, where the stories take place.
Translations of IFLA's documents published by the Croatian Library Association - analysis, status, prospects
Authors: Barbarić Ana
Published: April 2015

The paper provides an overview of the Croatian translation of IFLA documents, guidelines, manuals and standards published by the Croatian Library Association (CLA), including both documents as standalone editions in monographs and parts of proceedings or serial publications. For this purpose we have made the bibliography of translations including the year 2014. Data on the published translations have been analyzed according to quantitative and qualitative parameters. Based on the collected data, the author has tried to determine if there is a need for further publication of translations of IFLA's documents in the edition of CLA. The paper provides an insight into the issue of publishing by professional associations in Croatia.
Clinical applications of cortisol measurements in hair
Authors: Wester Vincent L , van Rossum Elisabeth F C
Published: April 2015

Cortisol measurements in blood, saliva and urine are frequently used to examine the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in clinical practice and in research. However, cortisol levels are subject to variations due to acute stress, the diurnal rhythm and pulsatile secretion. Cortisol measurements in body fluids are not always a reflection of long-term cortisol exposure. The analysis of cortisol in scalp hair is a relatively novel method to measure cumulative cortisol exposure over months up to years. Over the past years, hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) have been examined in association with a large number of somatic and mental health conditions. HCC can be used to evaluate disturbances of the HPA axis, including Cushing's syndrome, and to evaluate hydrocortisone treatment. Using HCC, retrospective timelines of cortisol exposure can be created which can be of value in diagnosing cyclic hypercortisolism. HCC have also been shown to increase with psychological stressors, including major life events, as well as physical stressors, such as endurance exercise and shift work. Initial studies show that HCC may be increased in depression, but decreased in general anxiety disorder. In posttraumatic stress disorder, changes in HCC seem to be dependent on the type of traumatic experience and the time since traumatization. Increased hair cortisol is consistently linked to obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Potentially, HCC could form a future marker for cardiovascular risk stratification, as well as serve as a treatment target.
60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: Biology of human craniopharyngioma: lessons from mouse models
Authors: Martinez-Barbera Juan Pedro
Published: April 2015

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACP) are clinically relevant tumours that are associated with high morbidity, poor quality of life and occasional mortality. Human and mouse studies have provided important insights into the biology of these aggressive tumours, and we are starting to understand why, how and when these tumours develop in humans. Mutations in β-catenin that result in the over-activation of the WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway are critical drivers of most, perhaps of all, human ACPs. Mouse studies have shown that only pituitary embryonic precursors or adult stem cells are able to generate tumours when targeted with oncogenic β-catenin, which suggests that the cell context is critical in order for mutant β-catenin to exert its oncogenic effect. Interestingly, mutant stem cells do not generate the bulk of the tumour cells; instead, they induce tumours in a paracrine manner. Combining basic studies in mice and humans will provide further insights into the biology of these neoplasms and will reveal pathogenic pathways that could be targeted with specific inhibitors for the benefit of patients. These benign tumours may additionally represent a unique model for investigating the early steps that lead to oncogenesis.