bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LncRNA81246 regulates resistance against tea leaf spot by interrupting the miR164d‐mediated degradation of NAC1
Authors: Guo Di , Li Dongxue , Liu Fenghua , Ma Yue , Zhou Jing‐Jiang , Sheth Sujitraj , Song Baoan , Chen Zhuo
Published: November 2024

Non‐coding RNAs play crucial roles in plant responses to viral stresses. However, their molecular mechanisms in tea leaf spot responses remain unclear. In this study, using Camellia sinensis, we identified lncRNA81246 as a long non‐coding RNA that localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. It functions as a competitive endogenous RNA, thereby disrupting CsNAC1 (encoding NAC domain‐containing protein 1) degradation mediated by miR164d. Silencing lncRNA81246 increased the resistance of tea plants to presistanceathogens, whereas transient lncRNA81246‐overexpression plants showed decreased resistance to pathogens. Co‐expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that lncRNA81246 affects the miR164d–CsNAC1 regulatory module. Transient miR164d‐overexpression and silencing assays demonstrated its positive regulation of tea plant resistance. Specifically, silencing its target, CsNAC1, enhanced disease resistance, whereas transient overexpression reduced plant resistance. Yeast one‐hybrid, dual‐luciferase, and RT‐qPCR assay results suggested that CsNAC1 alters the expression of CsEXLB1, whereas AsODN and tobacco transient overexpression assays showed that CsEXLB1 negatively regulated tea plant resistance. Thus, our research demonstrated that lncRNA81246 acts as a mediator to interfere with the miR164d–CsNAC1 regulatory module involved in the disease resistance of tea plants.
Rank‐expanding satellites, Whitehead doubles, and Heegaard Floer homology
Authors: Dai Irving , Hedden Matthew , Mallick Abhishek , Stoffregen Matthew
Published: November 2024

We show that a large class of satellite operators are rank‐expanding; that is, they map some rank‐one subgroup of the concordance group onto an infinite linearly independent set. Our work constitutes the first systematic study of this property in the literature and partially affirms a conjecture of the second author and Pinzón‐Caicedo. More generally, we establish a Floer‐theoretic condition for a family of companion knots to have infinite‐rank image under satellites from this class. The methods we use are amenable to patterns that act trivially in topological concordance and are capable of handling a surprisingly wide variety of companions. For instance, we give an infinite linearly independent family of Whitehead doubles whose companion knots all have negative ‐invariant. Our results also recover and extend several theorems in this area established using instanton Floer homology.
Brown and beige adipose tissue‐derived metabokine and lipokine inter‐organ signalling in health and disease
Authors: Malicka Anna , Ali Aysha , MacCannell Amanda D. V. , Roberts Lee D.
Published: November 2024

Adipose tissue has an established endocrine function through the secretion of adipokines. However, a role for bioactive metabolites and lipids, termed metabokines and lipokines, is emerging in adipose tissue‐mediated autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signalling and inter‐organ communication. Traditionally seen as passive entities, metabolites are now recognized for their active roles in regulating cellular signalling and local and systemic metabolism. Distinct from white adipose tissue, specific endocrine functions have been attributed to thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissues. Brown and beige adipose tissues have been identified as sources of metabokines and lipokines, which influence diverse metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid β‐oxidation, mitochondrial function and glucose homeostasis, across a range of tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and heart. This review explores the intricate signalling mechanisms of brown and beige adipose tissue‐derived metabokines and lipokines, emphasizing their roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and their potential dysregulation in metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways, proposing that precise modulation of metabokine receptors and transporters could offer superior specificity and efficacy in comparison to conventional approaches, such as β‐adrenergic signalling‐stimulated activation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Understanding the complex interactions between adipokines, metabokines and lipokines is essential for developing a systems‐level approach to new interventions for metabolic disorders, underscoring the need for continued research in this rapidly evolving field.
Mechanics of Peeling Adhesives From Soft Substrates: A Review
Authors: Xiang Yuhai , Hwang Dohgyu , Wan Grace , Niu Zhenbin , Ellison Christopher J. , Francis Lorraine F. , Calabrese Michelle A.
Published: November 2024

Understanding peeling behavior in soft materials is integral to diverse applications, from tissue engineering, wound care, and drug delivery to electronics, automotive, and aerospace equipment. These applications often require either strong, permanent adhesion or moderate, temporary adhesion for ease of removal or transfer. Soft adhesives, especially when applied on soft substrates like elastomer-coated release liners, flexible packaging films, or human skin, present unique mechanical behaviors compared to adhesives applied on rigid substrates. This difference highlights the need to understand the influence of substrate rigidity on peeling mechanics. This review delves into both energy- and stress-based analyses, where a thin tape with an adhesive layer is modeled as a flexible beam. The energy analysis encompasses components like the energy associated with tape deformation, kinetic energy, and energy lost due to interfacial slippage. The stress analysis, on the other hand, focuses on structures with thin, deformable substrates. Substrates are categorized into two types: those undergoing smaller deformations, typical of thin soft release liners, and thicker deformable substrates experiencing significant deformations. For substrates with small deformations, the linear Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is applied to the tape in the bonded region. Conversely, for substrates experiencing significant deformations, large deflection theory is utilized. These theoretical approaches are then linked to several practical, industrially relevant applications. The discussion provides a strategic guide to selecting the appropriate peeling theory for a system, emphasizing its utility in comprehending peeling mechanisms and informing system design. The review concludes with prospective research avenues in this domain.
Mechanical Behavior and Failure Prediction of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Mechanical Abuse Using Data-Driven Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Xin-chun , Gu Li-rong , Yin Xiao-di , Huang Zi-xuan , Ci Tie-jun , Rao Li-xiang , Wang Qing-long , El-Rich Marwan
Published: November 2024

Mechanical failure prediction of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can provide important maintenance information and decision-making reference in battery safety management. However, the complexity of the internal structure of batteries poses challenges to the generalizability and prediction accuracy of traditional mechanical models. In view of these challenges, emerging data-driven methods provide new ideas for the failure prediction of LIBs. This study is based on an experimental data-driven application of machine learning (ML) models to rapidly predict the mechanical behavior and failure of cylindrical cells under different loading conditions. Mechanical abuse experiments including local indentation, flat compression, and three-point bending experiments were conducted on cylindrical LIB samples, and mechanical failure datasets for cylindrical cells were generated, including displacements, voltages, temperatures, and mechanical forces. Six ML models were used to predict the mechanical behavior of cylindrical batteries, four metrics were used to evaluate the prediction performance, the coefficients of determination of eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) regression and random forest were 0.999, and the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) were lower than 0.015. It is shown that the integrated tree models tested in this study are suitable for the failure prediction of LIBs under the conditions of mechanical abuse. Also, the random forest prediction model outperforms other ML prediction models with the smallest RMSE values of 0.005, 0.0149, and 0.007 for local indentation, flat compression, and three-point bending, respectively. This work highlights the capability of ML algorithms for LIB safety prediction.
Design of an Underactuated, Flexure-Based Gripper, Actuated Through a Push–Pull Flexure
Authors: Dwarshuis Koen , de Jong Jan , Brouwer Dannis
Published: November 2024

The design of grippers for the agro-industry is challenging. To be cost-effective, the picked object should be moved around fast requiring a firm grip on the fruit of different hardnesses, shapes, and sizes without causing damage. This article presents a self-adaptive flexure-based gripper design optimized for high acceleration loads. A main novelty is that it is actuated through a push–pull flexure that is loaded in tension when the gripper closes, allowing it to handle high actuation forces without the risk of buckling. To create a robust gripper that can handle relatively high loads, flexures are used that are reinforced and have a thickness variation over the length. The optimal thickness distribution of these flexures is derived analytically to facilitate the design process. The derived principles are generally applicable to flexure hinges. The resulting advanced cartwheel flexure joint, as used in this gripper, has a 2.5 times higher support stiffness and a 1.5 times higher buckling load when compared to a conventional cartwheel joint of the same size and actuation stiffness. The PP-gripper is numerically optimized for a high pull-out force, using analytical design insights as a starting point. The gripper can grip circular objects with radii between 30 and 40 mm. The pull-out force is 21.4 N, with a maximum actuation force of 100 N. Good correspondence is found between the geometric design approach, the numerically optimized design, and the results of the experimental validation.
Analysis of the Film-Forming Characteristics of Water Lubrication Assisted by Small Amount of Secondary Lubricating Oil
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Liu Yao , Duan Wenbin , Jing Zhaogang , Guo Feng , Liang Peng , Ma Ling
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the film formation mechanism of lubrication using a small quantity of lubricating medium in a water environment. A roller-on-disc test rig combined with a fluorescent technique is employed to directly measure and observe the film formation behavior when a small amount of lubricating medium is introduced into the water. Additionally, a surface-modified disc is used to examine the impact of wettability gradients on the film-forming capability of the lubricating medium. The results indicate that the film thickness between the roller and the disc increases with the injection of two types of lubricating oils into the water at varying disc speeds, both for the original and modified discs. During the 10-second oil supply period, the spreading behavior of the lubricating oil on the lubricating track influences the film thickness stability. Furthermore, the surface-modified disc demonstrates an enhanced film thickness compared to the original disc, and viscosity becomes a key factor limiting the film-forming capability of the lubricating oil as the disc speed increases for both disc types. This research offers valuable insights for the design of new water-lubricated bearings.
Low-Frequency Acoustic Performance of a Microperforated Panel Integrated Coiled-Up Space Absorber With Subwavelength Thickness
Authors: Anaghraj R. , Mahesh K. , Mini R. S.
Published: November 2024

Low-frequency broadband sound absorption with minimal dimensions and material cost is an ongoing research challenge in engineering acoustics. Common acoustic structures, such as microperforated panels (MPPs) and porous structures, are ineffective in alleviating low-frequency noise. In this context, a sound-absorbing panel consisting of two axially coiled-up tubes and MPP is proposed for effective low-frequency noise abatement. Initially, an electro-acoustic analogy-based analytical approach is developed to predict the acoustic absorption performance of series and parallel configurations of MPP and coiled-up tubes, and the findings are corroborated by full-field finite element simulations. The parametric analyses revealed that by carefully choosing the geometric features of the coiled-up tubes, the absorption spectra of each tube can be coupled with that of MPP. Thus the bandwidth of absorption can be broadened. Furthermore, it is observed that the parallel configuration of MPP and coiled-up tubes significantly lowered the thickness of the absorber without affecting the absorption bandwidth. Importantly, the parallel configuration of MPP and coiled-up space demonstrated more than 80% absorption in the frequency range of 250–350 Hz.
Optimizing Cable Wrapping Patterns to Neutralize Dynamic Impacts on Host Plate Structures for Space Applications
Authors: Oluyemi Momoiyioluwa , Agrawal Pranav , Shendy Mohamed , Salehian Armaghan
Published: November 2024

In the realm of lightweight space structures, the interplay between power and control signal transmission cables and their host structures introduces intriguing dynamics. The presented article aims to investigate optimal geometries for cable placement on plate structures while preserving the dynamic characteristics of the host structure. The cable wrapping is assumed to be periodic such that the cable-harnessed structure consists of several repeating fundamental elements. The periodicity condition allows for the application of an energy-equivalence homogenization approach to develop an analytical model resulting in partial differential equations for the vibrations of the cable-harnessed plate system. An optimization strategy is developed to rank various cable patterns for several host plate structures to obtain the best match for their frequency response functions compared to the bare plate when no cables are attached. Subsequently, a detailed analysis to investigate the impacts of several wrapping parameters on the system’s dynamics is carried out. Lastly, the frequency response functions for the optimal pattern from the analytical solution are validated against those from the finite element model and have shown to be in excellent agreement.
Challenges in classifying cavitation: Correlating high-speed optical imaging and passive acoustic mapping of cavitation dynamics
Authors: Wu Qiang , Gray Michael , Smith Cameron A. B. , Bau Luca , Cleveland Robin O. , Coussios Constantin , Stride Eleanor
Published: November 2024

Both the biological effects and acoustic emissions generated by cavitation are functions of bubble dynamics. Monitoring of acoustic emissions is therefore desirable to improve treatment safety and efficacy. The relationship between the emission spectra and bubble dynamics is, however, complex. The aim of this study was to characterise this relationship for single microbubbles using simultaneous ultra-high-speed optical imaging and passive acoustic mapping of cavitation emissions. As expected, both the number of discrete harmonics and broadband content in the emissions increased with increasing amplitude of bubble oscillation, but the spectral content was also dependent upon other variables, including the frequency of bubble collapse and receiving transducer characteristics. Moreover, phenomena, such as fragmentation and microjetting, could not be distinguished from spherical oscillations when using the full duration acoustic waveform to calculate the emission spectra. There was also no correlation between the detection of broadband noise and widely used thresholds for distinguishing bubble dynamics. It is therefore concluded that binary categorisations, such as stable and inertial cavitation, should be avoided, and different types of bubble behavior should not be inferred on the basis of frequency content alone. Treatment monitoring criteria should instead be defined according to the relevant bioeffect(s) for a particular application.
Similarities and Differences of Youth Males and Females Experiences in Organized Sport: A Case Study of Gaelic Games
Authors: Lane Aoife , Donnelly Paul , Horgan Peter , McKay Michael
Published: November 2024

Consistently, in different contexts, young males are more likely to play organized sport than young females. The purpose of this analysis is to describe how young males and females engage in organized sport, using a cross-sectional sample of 5,049 participants aged 13–20 years who are active in Gaelic games such as hurling, camogie, and Gaelic football across the island of Ireland. Data were collected using an online questionnaire developed by a project steering group. A pilot study was carried out before distribution of the refined questionnaire in club settings. Results indicated that females start playing Gaelic games at age 6.6 years, almost 1 year later than males (p < .05), and report significantly lower participation in Gaelic games in school and in their own time (p < .05). Females also engage in significantly less muscle strengthening activity for sport, and are also less likely to play other sports, and tend to drop off from other sports at a younger age than males (p < .05). Males and females play Gaelic games to be fit and healthy, for fun, and for enjoyment. This research suggests that despite similar motives for sport participation, a gendered environment exists for young females in Gaelic games. Females have a different exposure to sport than males, which likely impacts key factors related to adherence, including physical and technical competence and confidence, and enjoyment. Leaders and practitioners across sport should endeavor to profile, challenge and intervene on how males and females experience sport to ensure equal opportunities for all young people who play sport.
Tetracycline induces
wsp
operon expression to promote biofilm formation in
Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Mu Kexin , He Meina , Chen Haozhe , Liu Tong , Fan Ying , Tao Yongxin , Feng Haoqi , Huang Qiaoyun , Xiao Yujie , Chen Wenli
Published: November 2024

The overuse and wanton discharge of antibiotics produces a threat to bacteria in the environment, which, in turn, stimulates the more rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Pseudomonas putida
actively forms biofilms to protect the population under tetracycline stress, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study found that tetracycline at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations increased cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), a second messenger that positively regulates biofilm formation. Four c-di-GMP-metabolizing proteins were found to be involved in the tetracycline-mediated biofilm promotion, including DibA, WspR, PP_3242, and PP_3319. Among them, the diguanylate cyclase WspR displayed the most significant effect on c-di-GMP level and biofilm formation.
WspR
belongs to the
wsp
operon comprising seven genes (
wspA–wspF
and
wspR
). The
wsp
operon contained six promoters, including one major start promoter (P

wspA

) and five internal promoters (P

wspB

, P

wspC

, P

wspD

, P

wspF

, and P

wspR

), and tetracycline promoted the activity of P

wspA

. The stress-response sigma factor RpoS directly bound to P

wspA

and positively regulated its activity under tetracycline stress. Moreover, RpoS was required for tetracycline to induce P

wspA

activity and promote biofilm formation. Our results enrich the transcriptional regulation of the
wsp
operon and reveal the mechanism by which tetracycline promotes biofilm formation in
P. putida
.

IMPORTANCE

The overuse and wanton discharge of antibiotics produces a threat to bacteria in the environment, which, in turn, stimulates the more rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The
Pseudomonas putida
actively forms biofilm against antibiotic threats, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, our results showed that tetracycline treatment at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations could induce the expression of the Wsp system via the sigma factor RpoS in
P. putida
, resulting in elevated c-di-GMP levels, which leads to increased biofilm formation. The
wsp
operon contains one major promoter and five internal promoters, and RpoS directly binds to the major promoter to promote its activity.
“It’s like being chained up”: the oral mucositis experiences of children and young people with cancer, their parents, and healthcare professionals– a qualitative study
Authors: Heggie Claudia , Chauhan Amrit , Gray-Burrows Kara , Day Peter F , Phillips Bob
Published: November 2024

Objective

The objective is to explore the experiences of children and young people (CYP) with cancer, their parents, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in their care of oral mucositis.

Design

A qualitative study was conducted. CYP with experience of mucositis were purposively sampled, aiming for diversity in age, sex and cancer diagnosis. HCPs were purposively sampled aiming for diversity in professional role and years of experience. Semi-structured interviews with CYP and their parents and focus groups with HCPs were conducted. Interviews were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Anonymised transcripts underwent reflexive thematic analysis using an inductive essentialist approach. Codes were discussed and constant comparisons made to increase validity. Recruitment occurred alongside analysis until no new codes were identified.

Results

27 participants were interviewed (8 CYP, 10 parents, 9 HCPs). CYP had diverse cancer diagnoses and were aged between 8 and 15 years. HCPs had diverse professional roles across medicine, dentistry, nursing, dental nursing, and play therapy with a mean of 7.4 years of experience in their individual role. Four themes were generated: (1) mucositis as a multifaceted, negative emotive experience, (2) being taken away from ‘normality’, (3) complex biopsychosocial impact on eating and (4) management of mucositis presents additional strain. Within these themes, multiple subthemes were generated and cross-cutting challenges in maintaining oral health were identified.

Conclusion

Oral mucositis presents a significant challenge to CYP, families and HCPs during cancer treatment functionally, psychologically and socially, with an adverse impact on treatment experiences. Prevention of oral mucositis is a priority to these groups within supportive cancer care.
Tenon’s patch graft for sterile perforation: follow-up with serial, high-resolution, anterior-segment, optical coherence tomography
Authors: Bhalerao Sushank Ashok , Kaur Amanjot
Published: November 2024

Management of corneal perforation depends on the size, location and cause of the lesion. Smaller perforations can be managed with tissue adhesives (TAs), amniotic membrane transplantation or Tenon’s patch graft (TPG). Tenon’s capsule is an autologous transplant and, as such, does not require to be supplied by an eye bank support. A patient with sterile perforation after foreign body removal came to us. Since the application of TA was already unsuccessful, TPG was performed. The graft integrated well and healed with a vascularised scar. We report the integration of the TPG at the perforation site using high-resolution, anterior-segment, optical coherence tomography.
Neurological complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a practical guide
Authors: Carr Aisling S , Vonberg Frederick William , Koay Shiwen , Young Kate , Shaw Heather , Olsson-Brown Anna , Willis Mark
Published: November 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibition unleashes the power of the immune system against tumour cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block the inhibitory effects of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, programmed death protein 1, programmed death ligand 1 and lymphocyte activation gene 3 molecules on T-cells, and so enhance physiological cytotoxic effects. ICIs can significantly improve survival from cancers, including those previously associated with poor treatment response, such as metastatic melanoma. However, on-target off-tumour effects of ICIs result in immune-related adverse events. These toxicities are common and require new multidisciplinary expertise to manage. ICI neurotoxicity is relatively rare but ominous due to its severity, heterogenous manifestations and potential for long-term disability. Neurotoxic syndromes are novel and often present precipitously. Here, we describe ICI mechanisms of action, their impact on cancer outcomes and their frequency of immune-related adverse events. We focus particularly on neurotoxicity. We discuss the current appreciation of neurotoxic syndromes, management strategies and outcomes based on clinical expertise and consensus, multi-specialty guidance. The use of immunotherapy is expanding exponentially across multiple cancer types and so too will our approach to these cases.
PRAGA: A Priority-Aware Hardware/Software Co-design for High-Throughput Graph Processing Acceleration
Authors: Zheng Long , Zhu Bing , Yao Pengcheng , Zhou Yuhang , Pan Chengao , Zhao Wenju , Liao Xiaofei , Jin Hai , Xue Jingling
Published: November 2024

Graph processing is pivotal in deriving insights from complex data structures but faces performance limitations due to the irregular nature of graphs. Traditional general-purpose processors often struggle with low instruction-level parallelism and energy inefficiency when handling graph data. In response, modern graph accelerators have embraced an intra-edge-parallel model to enhance parallelization, significantly outperforming conventional processors. However, the indiscriminate processing of edges in existing systems results in substantial computational redundancy, negatively impacting overall efficiency.

This paper introduces PRAGA, an innovative graph accelerator designed to optimize efficiency by selectively processing edges that significantly contribute to final results while preserving high computational parallelism. PRAGA utilizes an intra-edge-sequential model, prioritizing edge processing to capitalize on coarse-grained vertex-level parallelism and minimize unnecessary computations. It incorporates a hot-value manager to alleviate network-on-chip congestion and a memory-aware coalescer to minimize redundant data accesses. Our experimental results, obtained using a Xilinx Alveo U280 FPGA accelerator card, demonstrate that PRAGA achieves speedups of 17.88 × and 5.86 × over state-of-the-art accelerators ScalaGraph and GraphDyns, respectively, and outperforms the advanced GPU-based system Gunrock by 22.52 × on average. This substantial improvement underscores PRAGA’s potential to redefine performance benchmarks in graph processing.
Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Malicious Package Detection in NPM and PyPI using a Single Model of Malicious Behavior Sequence
Authors: Zhang Junan , Huang Kaifeng , Huang Yiheng , Chen Bihuan , Wang Ruisi , Wang Chong , Peng Xin
Published: November 2024

Open-source software (OSS) supply chain enlarges the attack surface of a software system, which makes package registries attractive targets for attacks. Recently, multiple package registries have received intensified attacks with malicious packages. Of those package registries, NPM and PyPI are two of the most severe victims. Existing malicious package detectors are developed with features from a list of packages of the same ecosystem and deployed within the same ecosystem exclusively, which is infeasible to utilize the knowledge of a new malicious NPM package detected recently to detect the new malicious package in PyPI. Moreover, existing detectors lack support to model malicious behavior of OSS packages in a sequential way

To address the two limitations, we propose a single detection model using malicious behavior sequence, named
Cerebro
, to detect malicious packages in NPM and PyPI. We curate a feature set based on a high-level abstraction of malicious behavior to enable multi-lingual knowledge fusing. We organize extracted features into a behavior sequence to model sequential malicious behavior. We fine-tune the pre-trained language model to understand the semantics of malicious behavior. Extensive evaluation has demonstrated the effectiveness of Cerebro over the state-of-the-art as well as the practically acceptable efficiency.
Cerebro
has detected 683 and 799 new malicious packages in PyPI and NPM, and received 707 thank letters from the official PyPI and NPM teams.
Machine Learning for Climate Physics and Simulations
Authors: Lai Ching-Yao , Hassanzadeh Pedram , Sheshadri Aditi , Sonnewald Maike , Ferrari Raffaele , Balaji Venkatramani
Published: November 2024

We discuss the emerging advances and opportunities at the intersection of machine learning (ML) and climate physics, highlighting the use of ML techniques, including supervised, unsupervised, and equation discovery, to accelerate climate knowledge discoveries and simulations. We delineate two distinct yet complementary aspects: (a) ML for climate physics and (b) ML for climate simulations. Although physics-free ML-based models, such as ML-based weather forecasting, have demonstrated success when data are abundant and stationary, the physics knowledge and interpretability of ML models become crucial in the small-data/nonstationary regime to ensure generalizability. Given the absence of observations, the long-term future climate falls into the small-data regime. Therefore, ML for climate physics holds a critical role in addressing the challenges of ML for climate simulations. We emphasize the need for collaboration among climate physics, ML theory, and numerical analysis to achieve reliable ML-based models for climate applications.
Metal Isotopes in Mammalian Tissues
Authors: Martin Jeremy E. , Jaouen Klervia
Published: November 2024

Ecologists rely on a wealth of data, including field observations and light stable isotopes, to infer dietary preferences and other ecological and physiological properties in living mammals. But inferring such important traits (e.g., trophic position, metabolism, pathologies) in extinct animals, including humans, can be challenging because biological processes rarely mirror morphology as preserved in the fossil record. For instance, dietary behavior does not necessarily reflect tooth morphology. As an additional challenge, some isotopic mammal tissues commonly used in modern ecology, such as collagen in bone or dentin or keratin from hair, hoof, or horn, do not generally preserve in fossil remains older than ∼200 kyr. In contrast, major constituents of bioapatite often retain their initial isotopic composition through fossilization processes. Recent analytical developments in mass spectrometry now allow, using small samples, for assessment of isotopic variability of major and trace elements such as calcium or zinc. Here, we review the application potentials of metal (nontraditional isotopes) for (paleo)ecological, (paleo)physiological, and (paleo)mobility inferences as applied to mammalian research.

▪

Mammals are key elements of modern ecosystems and possess a rich evolutionary history, yet inferences about their past ecologies and physiologies are challenging to retrieve using traditional geochemical toolkits.

▪

Metal stable isotopes provide a novel and complementary approach to unveil paleoecological and paleophysiological characteristics of extinct mammal species.

▪

Within a 20-year time frame, the core of metal isotopic data in mammalian research remains small compared to traditional isotopic systems (C, O, N), which is inviting for designing cost-effective instrumentation and increasing dissemination across scientific disciplines.
Liquid Biopsy versus CT: Comparison of Tumor Burden Quantification in 1065 Patients with Metastases
Authors: Dawi Lama , Belkouchi Younes , Lawrance Littisha , Gautier Othilie , Ammari Samy , Vasseur Damien , Wirth Felix , Hadchiti Joya , Morer Salome , David Clemence , Bidault François , Balleyguier Corinne , Kind Michèle , Bayle Arnaud , Belcaid Laila , Aldea Mihaela , Nicotra Claudio , Geraud Arthur , Sakkal Madona , Blanc-Durand Felix , Moog Sophie , Mosele Maria Fernanda , Tagliamento Marco , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Verret Benjamin , Smolenschi Cristina , Auger Nathalie , Gazzah Anas , Micol Jean-Baptiste , Caron Olivier , Hollebecque Antoine , Loriot Yohann , Besse Benjamin , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne , Ponce Santiago , André Fabrice , Soria Jean-Charles , Barlesi Fabrice , Muller Serge , Cournede Paul-Henry , Talbot Hugues , Italiano Antoine , Lassau Nathalie
Published: November 2024

Tumor fraction at liquid biopsy was weakly correlated with the total tumor volume at contrast-enhanced CT and did not accurately reflect the tumor burden at contrast-enhanced CT.
US Volume Flow Assessment to Optimize Angioplasty of Dysfunctional Dialysis Access: The VOLA-II Multicenter Study
Authors: Spiliopoulos Stavros , Filippou Panagiotis , Giannikouris Ioannis E. , Katsanos Konstantinos , Palialexis Konstantinos , Grigoriadis Stavros , Kitrou Panagiotis , Brountzos Elias , Karnabatidis Dimitrios
Published: November 2024

Duplex US–assessed volume flow is a quantifiable functional index of balloon angioplasty success for failing arteriovenous fistulas.
Case 335
Authors: Saliba Thomas , Cappeliez Olivier , Pather Sanjiva , Maisonnier Henri
Published: November 2024

History

An 84-year-old female patient presented for routine CT angiography (CTA) of the arteries of the neck following right carotid endarterectomy for 75% stenosis, which had been performed without incident 2 months prior. The patient had also been diagnosed with 72% stenosis of the left carotid artery, although it was asymptomatic and thus endarterectomy was not required. The medical history included arterial hypertension and an incomplete left bundle branch block. CTA was performed according to standard procedure, with the region of interest to initiate the examination being placed within the aortic arch and contrast material injected at 5 mL/sec via a catheter placed in the left antecubital fossa. The catheter was successfully tested, and the contrast material was subsequently injected without incident, with the patient reporting no pain and the automatic pressure sensor showing no anomalies. The scan was automatically launched because the attenuation within the aortic arch reached 800 HU ( Figs 1 – 3 ).
Enhanced H2O2 Production by Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction on Co3O4/MXene Catalyst
Authors: Li Tinghua , Kang Shuai , Zhang Fan , Sheng Xiong , Li Shoubo , Lu Wenqiang , Zhu Donglai , Li Zhiqiang
Published: November 2024

The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using an electrochemical method is considered a viable green technology for generating H2O2. Platinum group metals demonstrate excellent H2O2 generation performance due to their superior ORR activity and stability. However, the high cost of these electrocatalysts is a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of this technology, prompting research into non-precious metal catalysts as alternatives. In this work, Co3O4 nanoparticles with sized from 5 to 10 nm were synthesized on MXene sheets. Compared with Co3O4/C and MXene, the results indicated that Co3O4/MXene exhibited the best electrochemical performances, with an electron transfer number of ∼3.1 during oxygen reduction and an H2O2 selectivity of ∼47%. Co3O4/MXene also demonstrated great stability. After 5000 cycles, the H2O2 selectivity and electron transfer number remained at 50% and 3.0, respectively. After 12 h of continuous testing, Co3O4/MXene exhibited a high Faraday efficiency of 50% and H2O2 yield of 0.14 mol h−1 g−1, with H2O2 selectivity increasing to 68.7% and an electron transfer number of 2.6. The excellent electrochemistry is attributed to the synergistic effect between MXene and Co3O4. This study provides valuable insights into non-precious metal electrocatalysts for H2O2 generation.
Sex-related hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis adaptation during military training
Authors: Gifford Robert M. , O’Leary Thomas J. , Knight Rebecca L. , Wardle Sophie L. , Doig Craig L. , Anderson Richard A. , Greeves Julie P. , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Woods David R.
Published: November 2024

We conducted a comprehensive comparison of adrenal and reproductive function in men and women undergoing 11-mo military training. We found progressively elevated cortisol levels and dynamic cortisol response to stress among women, but not men, and suppression of reproductive function among women. The physiological impact of stressful military training was greater among women than men; this could not be explained by energy balance, and sex-specific effects of sleep, socio-ethnographic, or other stressors may be responsible.
Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on neural dynamics and firing in the CA1-MEC region of mice
Authors: Liu Yuncheng , Chen Shiqiang , Li Junliang , Song Zengfei , Wang Jihui , Ren Xiping , Qian Yongdong , Ouyang Wei
Published: November 2024

This study is the first to investigate HIIT and MICT’s effects on neural activity in the mouse CA1-MEC circuit, demonstrating that exercise modulates processing, enhances integration, and boosts cognitive performance. Due to similar hippocampal electrophysiology in rodents and humans during movement and navigation, our findings suggest implications for human brain neural changes, advancing the understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying exercise-cognition interactions and informing exercise recommendations for cognitive health.
Differential contributions of the C1 ERP and broadband high-frequency activity to visual processing
Authors: Schmid Paul , Reichert Christoph , Knight Robert T. , Dürschmid Stefan
Published: November 2024

Whether the broadband high-frequency activity (HFA) represents exclusively feedforward or feedback processing remains unclear. In this study, we compared the response characteristics of the HFA-magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and the C1-EEG component to systematic contrast modulations of task-irrelevant visual stimulation. Our findings reveal that the more sustained HFA follows the C1 component and, unlike the C1, is not modulated by task-irrelevant contrast differences. This timing of the HFA modulation suggests that HFA encompasses both feedforward and feedback processing.
ATG16L1 Depletion‐Mediated Activation of the TRAF1 Signaling in Macrophages Aggravates Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Pan Yufeng , Wei Yi , Zhan Xinyu , Bu Qingfa , Xu Zibo , Xu Xiaozhang , Wang Qi , Liang Yuan , Yu Yue , Zhou Haoming , Lu Ling
Published: November 2024

Background: Hepatic macrophages play an indispensable role in liver pathophysiology, serving as key orchestrators of both liver injury and repair processes. ATG16L1 (autophagy‐related 16 like 1) has emerged as a novel and critical autophagy marker. In macrophages, ATG16L1 assumes a particularly crucial role. The current understanding of how macrophage ATG16L1 regulates liver inflammation in the context of liver fibrosis is unclear.

Methods: This study included clinical patient samples of liver fibrosis and established a murine model with myeloid‐specific Atg16l1 knockout, creating a mouse model of liver fibrosis. Employing RNA sequencing, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms of macrophage ATG16L1 in liver fibrosis by identifying critical signaling pathways. To assess the influence of macrophage ATG16L1 on hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, we constructed a dedicated culture system. Ultimately, the introduction of mice with myeloid‐specific Atg16l1 knock‐in substantiated the protective role of myeloid‐specific Atg16l1 against inflammatory signaling, hepatocyte apoptosis, and activation of HSCs.

Results: An upregulation of the ATG16L1 signal was observed in the liver tissues of patients with liver fibrosis and in fibrotic mice, predominantly localized to hepatic macrophages. In Atg16l1ΔMφ mice afflicted with liver fibrosis, we detected exacerbated liver damage, evidenced by heightened inflammatory signal expression, increased hepatocyte apoptosis, and enhanced activation of HSCs. The absence of macrophage Atg16l1 was found to result in elevated TNF receptor‐associated factor 1 (TRAF1) signaling, triggering inflammatory activation, intensifying hepatocyte apoptosis, and facilitating HSC activation through the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) signaling. The detrimental effects of macrophage Atg16l1 depletion were demonstrated to be mitigated upon Atg16l1 reintroduction.

Conclusions: This research delved into the mechanisms by which the macrophage ATG16L1 signal influences inflammatory signaling, hepatocyte apoptosis, and activation of HSCs in liver fibrosis. Consequently, it offers theoretical substantiation and an experimental groundwork for the identification of biological targets for therapeutic intervention in liver fibrosis.
Chromatin Helicase CHD6 Establishes Proinflammatory Enhancers and Is a Synthetic Lethal Target in FH-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jin Juan , Luo Jun , Jin Xiaodong , Lim Kiat Shenq , He Yang , Ding Jiawei , Shen Yan , Hou Yuchen , Liu Hanqing , Zhu Xiaoyu , Zhao Jing , Zhou Wenjie , Huang Hai , Gao Yi , Xiao Jun , He Hongchao , Li Qunyi , Liu Lianxin , Chen Li , He Qiang , Zhang Chuanjie
Published: November 2024

Fumarate hydratase (FH) deficiency causes hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). FH-deficient tumors lack effective therapeutic options. Here, we utilized an epigenetic-focused single-guide RNA library to elucidate potential drug targets in FH-deficient tumors. The screen identified chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 6 (CHD6) as an essential regulator of the growth of FH-mutated RCC. Mechanically, FH loss induced fumarate-mediated succinylation and inactivation of KEAP1, blocking subsequent ubiquitin–proteasome degradation of CHD6. Stabilized CHD6 formed a complex with p65 to establish proinflammatory enhancers and thereby regulate NF-κB–mediated transcription. Moreover, CHD6 recruited mSWI/SNF ATPases to maintain chromatin accessibility at CHD6-bound enhancers. The PROTAC degrader of SMARCA2/4 AU-15330 effectively abolished structures of cis-regulatory elements bound by CHD6 and suppressed the growth of FH-mutated, but not FH-intact, RCC in vivo. Collectively, these data indicate that CHD6 is a molecular bridge between FH deficiency and proinflammatory enhancer assembly that endows FH-deficient tumors with epigenetic vulnerabilities.

Significance: CHD6 links FH deficiency to aberrant NF-κB activity in renal cell carcinoma, highlighting an epigenetic vulnerability for this rare tumor subtype.
How Individuals Apply and Perceive Sunscreen: Empirical Evidence from Germany
Authors: Keck Cornelia , Leyer Michael
Published: November 2024

Introduction: This study explores how individuals in Germany use and perceive sunscreen, aiming to identify the factors that influence their sunscreen choices. The research focuses on key elements such as convenience, environmental awareness, openness to new technologies, and preferences for different sunscreen products. Methods: We gather data with a questionnaire among 203 individuals from Germany. Results: The findings reveal that the majority of participants prioritize convenience when selecting sunscreen, often choosing products that are easy to apply and carry. Detailed information about the sunscreen’s ingredients or health benefits tends to be less important in their decision-making process. Notably, many participants did not consider important factors such as the environmental impact of sunscreen or its effectiveness after reapplication, suggesting a gap in awareness regarding these issues. Additionally, the study investigates the relationship between demographic factors, including age and sex, and sunscreen usage patterns. It was found that these demographic variables do play a role in shaping individuals’ attitudes and behaviors regarding sunscreen. For instance, younger participants showed more openness to new technologies and innovative products, while older individuals tended to rely on traditional options. Conclusion: Overall, this research provides valuable insights into how people perceive and use sunscreen in Germany, highlighting the need for further studies to delve deeper into these factors. Understanding these perceptions is crucial for developing effective public health strategies and enhancing product design to better meet the needs and preferences of consumers.
Fragilidade e rede social entre adultos brasileiros mais velhos: evidências do ELSI-Brasil
Authors: Marcelino Karla Geovani Silva , Braga Luciana de Souza , Andrade Fabiola Bof de , Giacomin Karla Cristina , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Torres Juliana Lustosa
Published: November 2024

OBJETIVO: Investigar os elementos da rede social associados à síndrome da fragilidade em adultos brasileiros mais velhos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil, 2015–2016). Definiu-se a fragilidade pelo fenótipo de Fried (perda de peso, exaustão, fraqueza, lentidão da marcha e baixo nível de atividade física). A rede social foi avaliada a partir do modelo conceitual de Berkman e Krishna (estrutura da rede social, característica dos laços da rede social, apoio social e interação social negativa). Potenciais variáveis de confusão incluíram características sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, escolaridade, cor autorreferida, renda familiar per capita e local de moradia) e de saúde (polifarmácia,multimorbidade, depressão, quedas, hospitalização e função cognitiva). As análises foram baseadas na regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS: Entre os 8.629 participantes, 53,5% eram pré-frágeis e 9,1% frágeis. Os elementos da rede social que foram consistentemente associados à pré-fragilidade e à fragilidade são os seguintes: característica dos laços da rede social, apoio social e interação social negativa. Associação positiva foi encontrada para frequência menor que semanal de contato virtual com filhos(as) (OR = 1,15; IC95% 1,01–1,33 para pré-fragilidade e OR = 1,51; IC95% 1,13–2,02 para fragilidade) e para solidão (OR = 1,36; IC95% 1,19–1,56 para pré-fragilidade e OR=1,40; IC95% 1,12–1,75 para fragilidade). Associação negativa foi encontrada para apoio social (ajuda com empréstimos) (OR = 0,75; IC95% 0,60–0,94 para pré-fragilidade e OR = 0,54; IC95% 0,40–0,74 para fragilidade). Contudo, a percepção de críticas associou-se somente à fragilidade (OR = 1,35;IC95% 1,11–1,64). CONCLUSÃO: A rede social é um elemento importante para a diminuição/prevenção da fragilidade em adultos mais velhos. Desse modo, políticas públicas, profissionais da saúde e da assistência social devem abranger a rede social de adultos mais velhos, em relação à característica dos laços da rede social, ao apoio social e à interação social negativa.
Phenotypic variations in Mindoro Warty Pig Sus oliveri (Cetartiodactyla: Suidae)
Authors: Redeña-Santos John Carlo , De Guia Anna Pauline O. , Dagamac Nikki Heherson A. , Gil Fernando García
Published: November 2024

Two phenotypic variations among Mindoro Warty Pig populations are reported based on camera trap data. One variation matches the original holotypic descriptions for Sus oliveri, while the other variation shows a prominent white snout band. These phenotypes are validated by the indigenous communities.