bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An expression atlas of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors identifies a molecular basis of carbonation sensing
Authors: Sánchez-Alcañiz Juan Antonio , Silbering Ana Florencia , Croset Vincent , Zappia Giovanna , Sivasubramaniam Anantha Krishna , Abuin Liliane , Sahai Saumya Yashmohini , Münch Daniel , Steck Kathrin , Auer Thomas O. , Cruchet Steeve , Neagu-Maier G. Larisa , Sprecher Simon G. , Ribeiro Carlos , Yapici Nilay , Benton Richard
Published: October 2018

Through analysis of the Drosophila ionotropic receptors (IRs), a family of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors, we reveal that most IRs are expressed in peripheral neuron populations in diverse gustatory organs in larvae and adults. We characterise IR56d, which defines two anatomically-distinct neuron classes in the proboscis: one responds to carbonated solutions and fatty acids while the other represents a subset of sugar- and fatty acid-sensing cells. Mutational analysis indicates that IR56d, together with the broadly-expressed co-receptors IR25a and IR76b, is essential for physiological responses to carbonation and fatty acids, but not sugars. We further demonstrate that carbonation and fatty acids both promote IR56d-dependent attraction of flies, but through different behavioural outputs. Our work provides a toolkit for investigating taste functions of IRs, defines a subset of these receptors required for carbonation sensing, and illustrates how the gustatory system uses combinatorial expression of sensory molecules in distinct neurons to coordinate behaviour.
Diverging importance of drought stress for maize and winter wheat in Europe
Authors: Webber Heidi , Ewert Frank , Olesen Jørgen E. , Müller Christoph , Fronzek Stefan , Ruane Alex C. , Bourgault Maryse , Martre Pierre , Ababaei Behnam , Bindi Marco , Ferrise Roberto , Finger Robert , Fodor Nándor , Gabaldón-Leal Clara , Gaiser Thomas , Jabloun Mohamed , Kersebaum Kurt-Christian , Lizaso Jon I. , Lorite Ignacio J. , Manceau Loic , Moriondo Marco , Nendel Claas , Rodríguez Alfredo , Ruiz-Ramos Margarita , Semenov Mikhail A. , Siebert Stefan , Stella Tommaso , Stratonovitch Pierre , Trombi Giacomo , Wallach Daniel
Published: October 2018

Understanding the drivers of yield levels under climate change is required to support adaptation planning and respond to changing production risks. This study uses an ensemble of crop models applied on a spatial grid to quantify the contributions of various climatic drivers to past yield variability in grain maize and winter wheat of European cropping systems (1984–2009) and drivers of climate change impacts to 2050. Results reveal that for the current genotypes and mix of irrigated and rainfed production, climate change would lead to yield losses for grain maize and gains for winter wheat. Across Europe, on average heat stress does not increase for either crop in rainfed systems, while drought stress intensifies for maize only. In low-yielding years, drought stress persists as the main driver of losses for both crops, with elevated CO2 offering no yield benefit in these years.
Convergent evolution of complex genomic rearrangements in two fungal meiotic drive elements
Authors: Svedberg Jesper , Hosseini Sara , Chen Jun , Vogan Aaron A. , Mozgova Iva , Hennig Lars , Manitchotpisit Pennapa , Abusharekh Anna , Hammond Thomas M. , Lascoux Martin , Johannesson Hanna
Published: October 2018

Meiotic drive is widespread in nature. The conflict it generates is expected to be an important motor for evolutionary change and innovation. In this study, we investigated the genomic consequences of two large multi-gene meiotic drive elements, Sk-2 and Sk-3, found in the filamentous ascomycete Neurospora intermedia. Using long-read sequencing, we generated the first complete and well-annotated genome assemblies of large, highly diverged, non-recombining regions associated with meiotic drive elements. Phylogenetic analysis shows that, even though Sk-2 and Sk-3 are located in the same chromosomal region, they do not form sister clades, suggesting independent origins or at least a long evolutionary separation. We conclude that they have in a convergent manner accumulated similar patterns of tandem inversions and dense repeat clusters, presumably in response to similar needs to create linkage between genes causing drive and resistance.
REV-ERBα integrates colon clock with experimental colitis through regulation of NF-κB/NLRP3 axis
Authors: Wang Shuai , Lin Yanke , Yuan Xue , Li Feng , Guo Lianxia , Wu Baojian
Published: October 2018

The roles of Rev-erbα and circadian clock in colonic inflammation remain unclarified. Here we show colon clock genes (including Rev-erbα) are dysregulated in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In turn, disruption of the circadian clock exacerbates experimental colitis. Rev-erbα-deficient mice are more sensitive to DSS-induced colitis, supporting a critical role of Rev-erbα in disease development. Further, Rev-erbα ablation causes activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome in mice. Cell-based experiments reveal Rev-erbα inactivates Nlrp3 inflammasome mainly at the priming stage. Rev-erbα directly represses Nlrp3 transcription through specific binding to the promoter region. Additionally, Rev-erbα represses p65 transcription and indirectly repressed Nlrp3 via the NF-κB pathway. Interestingly, Rev-erbα activation in wild-type mice by SR9009 attenuates DSS-induced colitis, whereas the protective effects are lost in Nlrp3−/− and Rev-erbα−/− mice. Taken together, Rev-erbα regulates experimental colitis through its repressive action on the NF-κB/Nlrp3 axis. Targeting Rev-erbα may represent a promising approach for prevention and management of colitis.
A conserved HH-Gli1-Mycn network regulates heart regeneration from newt to human
Authors: Singh Bhairab N. , Koyano-Nakagawa Naoko , Gong Wuming , Moskowitz Ivan P. , Weaver Cyprian V. , Braunlin Elizabeth , Das Satyabrata , van Berlo Jop H. , Garry Mary G. , Garry Daniel J.
Published: October 2018

The mammalian heart has a limited regenerative capacity and typically progresses to heart failure following injury. Here, we defined a hedgehog (HH)-Gli1-Mycn network for cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration from amphibians to mammals. Using a genome-wide screen, we verified that HH signaling was essential for heart regeneration in the injured newt. Next, pharmacological and genetic loss- and gain-of-function of HH signaling demonstrated the essential requirement for HH signaling in the neonatal, adolescent, and adult mouse heart regeneration, and in the proliferation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Fate-mapping and molecular biological studies revealed that HH signaling, via a HH-Gli1-Mycn network, contributed to heart regeneration by inducing proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes and not by de novo cardiomyogenesis. Further, Mycn mRNA transfection experiments recapitulated the effects of HH signaling and promoted adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. These studies defined an evolutionarily conserved function of HH signaling that may serve as a platform for human regenerative therapies.
Enhanced climate instability in the North Atlantic and southern Europe during the Last Interglacial
Authors: Tzedakis P. C. , Drysdale R. N. , Margari V. , Skinner L. C. , Menviel L. , Rhodes R. H. , Taschetto A. S. , Hodell D. A. , Crowhurst S. J. , Hellstrom J. C. , Fallick A. E. , Grimalt J. O. , McManus J. F. , Martrat B. , Mokeddem Z. , Parrenin F. , Regattieri E. , Roe K. , Zanchetta G.
Published: October 2018

Considerable ambiguity remains over the extent and nature of millennial/centennial-scale climate instability during the Last Interglacial (LIG). Here we analyse marine and terrestrial proxies from a deep-sea sediment sequence on the Portuguese Margin and combine results with an intensively dated Italian speleothem record and climate-model experiments. The strongest expression of climate variability occurred during the transitions into and out of the LIG. Our records also document a series of multi-centennial intra-interglacial arid events in southern Europe, coherent with cold water-mass expansions in the North Atlantic. The spatial and temporal fingerprints of these changes indicate a reorganization of ocean surface circulation, consistent with low-intensity disruptions of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The amplitude of this LIG variability is greater than that observed in Holocene records. Episodic Greenland ice melt and runoff as a result of excess warmth may have contributed to AMOC weakening and increased climate instability throughout the LIG.
Influence of Tibetan Plateau snow cover on East Asian atmospheric circulation at medium-range time scales
Authors: Li Wenkai , Guo Weidong , Qiu Bo , Xue Yongkang , Hsu Pang-Chi , Wei Jiangfeng
Published: October 2018

The responses of atmospheric variability to Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover (TPSC) at seasonal, interannual and decadal time scales have been extensively investigated. However, the atmospheric response to faster subseasonal variability of TPSC has been largely ignored. Here, we show that the subseasonal variability of TPSC, as revealed by daily data, is closely related to the subsequent East Asian atmospheric circulation at medium-range time scales (approximately 3–8 days later) during wintertime. TPSC acts as an elevated cooling source in the middle troposphere during wintertime and rapidly modulates the land surface thermal conditions over the TP. When TPSC is high, the upper-level geopotential height is lower, and the East Asia upper-level westerly jet stream is stronger. This finding improves our understanding of the influence of TPSC at multiple time scales. Furthermore, our work highlights the need to understand how atmospheric variability is rapidly modulated by fast snow cover changes.
Fine-tuning the efficiency of para-hydrogen-induced hyperpolarization by rational N-heterocyclic carbene design
Authors: Rayner Peter J. , Norcott Philip , Appleby Kate M. , Iali Wissam , John Richard O. , Hart Sam J. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Duckett Simon B.
Published: October 2018

Iridium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes catalyse the para-hydrogen-induced hyperpolarization process, Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). This process transfers the latent magnetism of para-hydrogen into a substrate, without changing its chemical identity, to dramatically improve its nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detectability. By synthesizing and examining over 30 NHC containing complexes, here we rationalize the key characteristics of efficient SABRE catalysis prior to using appropriate catalyst-substrate combinations to quantify the substrate’s NMR detectability. These optimizations deliver polarizations of 63% for 1H nuclei in methyl 4,6-d2-nicotinate, 25% for 13C nuclei in a 13C2-diphenylpyridazine and 43% for the 15N nucleus of pyridine-15N. These high detectability levels compare favourably with the 0.0005% 1H value harnessed by a routine 1.5 T clinical MRI system. As signal strength scales with the square of the number of observations, these low cost innovations offer remarkable improvements in detectability threshold that offer routes to significantly reduce measurement time.
Regional adiposity and markers of inflammation in pre-school age children
Authors: Delaney Kerri Z. , Vanstone Catherine A. , Weiler Hope A. , Santosa Sylvia
Published: October 2018

In adults, upper body fat partially increases metabolic disease risk through increasing systemic inflammation. Our objective was to determine if this relationship exists in preschool-aged children. A subset of children (n = 71, 35 males), 3.7 ± 1.0 y, were studied from n = 515 children recruited from randomly selected daycares in Montréal, QC. According to WHO charts for 2–5 y, 49 children were healthy weight (HW) and 21 were overweight (OW). Adiposity was determined through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Blood concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent and multiplex assays, respectively. OW children had higher (p = 0.03) android:gynoid ratio 0.50 ± 0.09 compared to HW children 0.56 ± 0.12, indicating excess fat was predominantly stored in the abdominal depot. CRP was higher (p = 0.01) in OW children 1.45 ± 2.02 mg/L compared to HW 0.74 ± 1.38 mg/L. Percent fat was correlated with CRP (r = 0.32; p < 0.01) and TNFα (r = 0.25; p = 0.04) concentrations. CRP also correlated with android adiposity (r = 0.24; p = 0.04) and TNFα correlated with gynoid adiposity (r = 0.24; p = 0.04). We observed that greater adiposity is associated with higher systemic inflammation in pre-school aged children. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand the long term consequences of excess total and regional body fat in young children.
MicroRNA binding mediated Functional sequence variant in 3′-UTR of DNA repair Gene XPC in Age-related Cataract
Authors: Zou Xi , Kang Lihua , Yang Mei , Wu Jian , Guan Huaijin
Published: October 2018

DNA oxidative damage repair is strongly involved in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract (ARC). The sequence variants of in coding region of DNA repair genes have been shown to be associated with ARC. It is known that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3′-terminal untranslated region (3′-UTR) can alter the gene expression by binding with microRNAs (miRNAs). We hypothesize that SNP(s) in miRNA binding site of certain DNA oxidative damage repair genes might associate with ARC risk. We examined 10 miRNA binding SNPs in 3′-UTR of 7 oxidative damage genes and revealed the XPC- rs2229090 C allele was associated with nuclear type of ARC (ARNC) risk in Chinese population. The individuals with the variant G allele (CG and GG) of XPC- rs2229090 had higher XPC mRNA expression compared to individuals carrying CC genotype. The in vitro assay showed that luciferase reporter gene expression can be down regulated by hsa-miR-589-5p in cells transfected with rs2229090 C allele compared to G allele. These results suggested that the C allele of XPC-2229090 increase the risk with ARNC. The mechanism underlying might be due to the stronger interation of the C allele with hsa-miR-589-5p, resulting in lower XPC expression and DNA repair capability than the individuals carring G allele in lens.
Fundamental Understanding of Cellular Water Transport Process in Bio-Food Material during Drying
Authors: Khan Md. Imran H. , Farrell Troy , Nagy S. A. , Karim M. A.
Published: October 2018

Bio-food materials are heterogeneous in structure with cellular diversity, where the majority of the water is located in the intracellular spaces. Understanding of the nature of the microscopic behaviour of water transport is crucial to enhance the energy efficiency in food processing and obtain the better quality of processed food. In this research, apoplastic and symplastic transport of cellular water in the bio-food material during drying was investigated using 1H-NMR-T2 relaxometry. We found that intracellular water (ICW) migrates from intracellular spaces to the intercellular spaces by progressive rupturing the cell membranes while drying at a higher temperatures (60 °C–70 °C). In this case, apoplastic process dominates the transport process. However, at lower temperature (45 °C), cell membranes do not rupture and therefore ICW migrates from cell to the neighbouring cell through micro-capillaries, where the symplastic process dominates the mass transfer at different stages of drying.
Endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer model cells are inhibited by soybean glyceollin I through Eleanor non-coding RNA
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuro , Sakamoto Chiyomi , Tachiwana Hiroaki , Kumabe Mitsuru , Matsui Toshiro , Yamashita Tadatoshi , Shinagawa Masatoshi , Ochiai Koji , Saitoh Noriko , Nakao Mitsuyoshi
Published: October 2018

Long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) of an estrogen receptor (ER) α-positive breast cancer cell line recapitulates cancer cells that have acquired estrogen-independent cell proliferation and endocrine therapy resistance. Previously, we have shown that a cluster of non-coding RNAs, Eleanors (ESR1 locus enhancing and activating non-coding RNAs) formed RNA cloud and upregulated the ESR1 gene in the nuclei of LTED cells. Eleanors were inhibited by resveratrol through ER. Here we prepared another polyphenol, glyceollin I from stressed soybeans, and identified it as a major inhibitor of the Eleanor RNA cloud and ESR1 mRNA transcription. The inhibition was independent of ER, unlike one by resveratrol. This was consistent with a distinct tertiary structure of glyceollin I for ER binding. Glyceollin I preferentially inhibited the growth of LTED cells and induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that glyceollin I has a novel role in LTED cell inhibition through Eleanors. In other words, LTED cells or endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer cells may be ready for apoptosis, which can be triggered with polyphenols both in ER-dependent and ER-independent manners.
High-ranking alleviates male local competition in lek mating systems
Authors: Giavazzi Fabio , Saino Nicola , Vailati Alberto
Published: October 2018

Territoriality entails demanding social interactions with competing individuals, typically males. Variation in quality of males can be predicted to affect the spatial arrangement of territories. We present a model aimed at understanding the spatial properties of territories on leks, where the presence of a hierarchy in a population of males leads to the clustering of individuals around high-ranking ‘hotshot’ males. The hierarchy results in a decrease in the number of nearest neighbors interacting directly with high-ranking males, with potential socio-sexual benefits for such males.
Lipid-dependent deposition of alpha-synuclein and Tau on neuronal Secretogranin II-positive vesicular membranes with age
Authors: Brekk Oeystein R. , Moskites Alyssa , Isacson Ole , Hallett Penelope J.
Published: October 2018

This report demonstrates insoluble alpha-synuclein (aSYN)+ aggregates in human sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD) midbrain that are linearly correlated with loss of glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity. To identify early protein-lipid interactions that coincide with loss of lipid homeostasis, an aging study was carried out in mice with age-dependent reductions in GCase function. The analysis identified aberrant lipid-association by aSYN and hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau) in a specific subset of neurotransmitter-containing, Secretogranin II (SgII)+ large, dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) responsible for neurotransmission of dopamine and other monoamines. The lipid vesicle-accumulation was concurrent with loss of PSD-95 suggesting synaptic destabilization. aSYN overexpression in the absence of lipid deregulation did not recapitulate the abnormal association with SgII+ vesicles. These results show lipid-dependent changes occur with age in neuronal vesicular membrane compartments that accumulate lipid-stabilized aSYN and pTau.
Discovering Genetic Factors for psoriasis through exhaustively searching for significant second order SNP-SNP interactions
Authors: Lee Kwan-Yeung , Leung Kwong-Sak , Tang Nelson L. S. , Wong Man-Hon
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we aim at discovering genetic factors of psoriasis through searching for statistically significant SNP-SNP interactions exhaustively from two real psoriasis genome-wide association study datasets (phs000019.v1.p1 and phs000982.v1.p1) downloaded from the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes. To deal with the enormous search space, our search algorithm is accelerated with eight biological plausible interaction patterns and a pre-computed look-up table. After our search, we have discovered several SNPs having a stronger association to psoriasis when they are in combination with another SNP and these combinations may be non-linear interactions. Among the top 20 SNP-SNP interactions being found in terms of pairwise p-value and improvement metric value, we have discovered 27 novel potential psoriasis-associated SNPs where most of them are reported to be eQTLs of a number of known psoriasis-associated genes. On the other hand, we have inferred a gene network after selecting the top 10000 SNP-SNP interactions in terms of improvement metric value and we have discovered a novel long distance interaction between XXbac-BPG154L12.4 and RNU6-283P which is not a long distance haplotype and may be a new discovery. Finally, our experiments with the synthetic datasets have shown that our pre-computed look-up table technique can significantly speed up the search process.
Daily HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine reduced Streptococcus and increased Erysipelotrichaceae in rectal microbiota
Authors: Dubé Michael P. , Park Sung Yong , Ross Heather , Love Tanzy M. T. , Morris Sheldon R. , Lee Ha Youn
Published: October 2018

Daily PrEP is highly effective at preventing HIV-1 acquisition, but risks of long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) include renal decline and bone mineral density decrease in addition to initial gastrointestinal side effects. We investigated the impact of TDF-FTC on the enteric microbiome using rectal swabs collected from healthy MSM before PrEP initiation and after 48 to 72 weeks of adherent PrEP use. The V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing showed that Streptococcus was significantly reduced from 12.0% to 1.2% (p = 0.036) and Erysipelotrichaceae family was significantly increased from 0.79% to 3.3% (p = 0.028) after 48–72 weeks of daily PrEP. Catenibacterium mitsuokai, Holdemanella biformis and Turicibacter sanguinis were increased within the Erysipelotrichaceae family and Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis were reduced. These changes were not associated with host factors including PrEP duration, age, race, tenofovir diphosphate blood level, any drug use and drug abuse, suggesting that the observed microbiome shifts were likely induced by daily PrEP use. Long-term PrEP resulted in increases of Catenibacterium mitsuokai and Holdemanella biformis, which have been associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. Our observations can aid in characterizing PrEP’s side effects, which is likely to improve PrEP adherence, and thus HIV-1 prevention.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals common molecular factors responsive to heat and drought stress in Agrostis stolonifera
Authors: Xu Yi , Huang Bingru
Published: October 2018

Heat and drought stress are primary abiotic stresses confining growth of cool-season grass species during summer. The objective of this study was to identify common molecular factors and metabolic pathways associated with heat and drought responses in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) by comparative analysis of transcriptomic profiles between plants exposed to heat and drought stress. Plants were exposed to heat stress (35/30 °C day/night temperature) or drought stress by withholding irrigation for 21 d in growth chambers. Transcriptomic profiling by RNA-seq in A. stolonifera (cv. ‘Penncross’) found 670 commonly up-regulated and 812 commonly down-regulated genes by heat and drought stress. Transcriptional up-regulations of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) due to heat and drought stress include genes that were highly enriched in oxylipin biosynthetic process and proline biosynthetic process. Transcriptional down-regulations of genes under heat and drought stress were highly enriched and involved in thiamine metabolic process and calcium sensing receptor. These commonly-regulated genes by heat and drought stress identified in A. stolonifera suggested that drought and heat responses shared such common molecular factors and pathways, which could be potential candidate genes for genetic modification of improving plant tolerance to the combined heat and drought stress.
Genetic interactions between ABA signalling and the Arg/N-end rule pathway during Arabidopsis seedling establishment
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Gannon Lucy , Jones Peter D. , Rundle Chelsea A. , Hassall Kirsty L. , Gibbs Daniel J. , Holdsworth Michael J. , Theodoulou Frederica L.
Published: October 2018

The Arg/N-end rule pathway of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis has multiple functions throughout plant development, notably in the transition from dormant seed to photoautotrophic seedling. PROTEOLYSIS6 (PRT6), an N-recognin E3 ligase of the Arg/N-end rule regulates the degradation of transcription factor substrates belonging to Group VII of the Ethylene Response Factor superfamily (ERFVIIs). It is not known whether ERFVIIs are associated with all known functions of the Arg/N-end rule, and the downstream pathways influenced by ERFVIIs are not fully defined. Here, we examined the relationship between PRT6 function, ERFVIIs and ABA signalling in Arabidopsis seedling establishment. Physiological analysis of seedlings revealed that N-end rule-regulated stabilisation of three of the five ERFVIIs,RAP2.12,RAP2.2andRAP2.3, controls sugar sensitivity of seedling establishment and oil body breakdown following germination. ABA signalling componentsABA INSENSITIVE(ABI)4as well asABI3andABI5 were found to enhance ABA sensitivity of germination and sugar sensitivity of establishment in a background containing stabilised ERFVIIs. However, N-end rule regulation of oil bodies was not dependent on canonical ABA signalling. We propose that the N-end rule serves to control multiple aspects of the seed to seedling transition by regulation of ERFVII activity, involving both ABA-dependent and independent signalling pathways.
Micro Fabry-Pérot Interferometer at Rayleigh Range
Authors: Tsujiie Yusuke , Kawamura Yoshiyuki
Published: October 2018

The Fabry-Pérot interferometer is used in a variety of high-precision optical interferometry applications, such as gravitational wave detection. It is also used in various types of laser resonators to act as a narrow band filter. In addition, ultra-compact Fabry-Pérot interferometers are used in the optical resonators of semiconductor lasers and fiber-optic systems. In this work, we developed a micro-scale Fabry-Pérot interferometer that was constructed within the Rayleigh range of the optical focusing system. The high precision that is conventionally required for the optical parallelism and the surface accuracy of the mirrors was not so critical for this type of Fabry-Pérot interferometer. The interferometer was constructed using a gold-coated silicon microcantilever with reflectivity of 92% and a dielectric multilayer flat mirror with reflectivity of 85%. The focal spot size of the laser beam is 20 μm and the cavity length is approximately 20 μm. The finesse was measured to be approximately 25. The interferometric characteristics of the device were consistent with the theoretically calculated performance. The developed micro Fabry-Pérot interferometer has the potential to make a marked contribution to advances in optical measurements in various micro sensing system.
Probing the Migration of Free Radicals in Solid and Liquid Media via Cr(VI) Reduction by High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Han Jie , Wang Min , Zhang Guilong , Zhan Furu , Cai Dongqing , Wu Zhengyan
Published: October 2018

To probe the migration of free radicals (FRs), the reduction behaviours of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in water and ice by high-energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation were investigated. Interestingly, the reductive efficiency (RE) of Cr(VI) in water was appreciably higher than that in ice. Thus, it was proposed that the migration ability of FRs in water is distinctly higher than that in ice, likely because the migration performance of FRs is closely related to the intermolecular distance of water molecules. Furthermore, the RE of Cr(VI) in ice decreased gradually with the distance from the irradiated area, indicating that FRs could migrate in ice and that the migration performance was closely related to the RE. Additionally, FRs (hydrated electrons ($${{\rm{e}}}_{{\rm{aq}}}^{-}$$

e

aq

−

) and hydrogen radicals (·H)) generated during the irradiation process played a key role in the reduction of Cr(VI). Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and H2O2 were the dominant negative factors for the reduction because of their oxidizing effects, but these factors could be eliminated by the removal of ·OH. This work reveals the migration performance of FRs in different media for the first time. This result may be useful for basic and applied studies in fields of environmental science related to FRs.
The digital scribe
Authors: Coiera Enrico , Kocaballi Baki , Halamka John , Laranjo Liliana
Published: October 2018

Current generation electronic health records suffer a number of problems that make them inefficient and associated with poor clinical satisfaction. Digital scribes or intelligent documentation support systems, take advantage of advances in speech recognition, natural language processing and artificial intelligence, to automate the clinical documentation task currently conducted by humans. Whilst in their infancy, digital scribes are likely to evolve through three broad stages. Human led systems task clinicians with creating documentation, but provide tools to make the task simpler and more effective, for example with dictation support, semantic checking and templates. Mixed-initiative systems are delegated part of the documentation task, converting the conversations in a clinical encounter into summaries suitable for the electronic record. Computer-led systems are delegated full control of documentation and only request human interaction when exceptions are encountered. Intelligent clinical environments permit such augmented clinical encounters to occur in a fully digitised space where the environment becomes the computer. Data from clinical instruments can be automatically transmitted, interpreted using AI and entered directly into the record. Digital scribes raise many issues for clinical practice, including new patient safety risks. Automation bias may see clinicians automatically accept scribe documents without checking. The electronic record also shifts from a human created summary of events to potentially a full audio, video and sensor record of the clinical encounter. Digital scribes promisingly offer a gateway into the clinical workflow for more advanced support for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tasks.
Fast linear electro-optic effect in a centrosymmetric semiconductor
Authors: Berciano Mathias , Marcaud Guillaume , Damas Pedro , Le Roux Xavier , Crozat Paul , Alonso Ramos Carlos , Pérez Galacho Diego , Benedikovic Daniel , Marris-Morini Delphine , Cassan Eric , Vivien Laurent
Published: October 2018

Silicon photonics, considered as a major photonic platform for optical communications in data centers, is today also developed for others applications including quantum photonics and sensing. Advanced silicon functionalities based on optical nonlinearities are then required. As the presence of inversion symmetry in the Si crystal structure prevents the exploitation of second-order optical nonlinearities, the generation of strain gradients in Si by a stressed material can be considered. However, due to the semiconductor nature of silicon with the presence of carriers, no clear evidence of second-order nonlinearities have been reported yet. Here we report an experimental demonstration of high-speed Pockels effect in silicon waveguides at 1550 nm. Additionally, a theoretical model is developed to describe its frequency behavior. A second-order nonlinear susceptibility $$\chi _{xxy}^{(2)}$$

χ

x
x
y

(

2

)

of −1.8 ± 0.2 pm V−1 is then experimentally determined. These results pave the way for the development of fast linear electro-optic effect for advanced silicon photonics devices.
A de novo transcriptome assembly of the zebra bullhead shark, Heterodontus zebra
Authors: Onimaru Koh , Tatsumi Kaori , Shibagaki Kazuhiro , Kuraku Shigehiro
Published: October 2018

Although cartilaginous fishes have played crucial roles in various fields, including evolutionary biology, marine ecology, bioresources, and aquarium exhibitions, molecular information for these species is poorly available. The present study reports a transcriptome assembly from an embryo of the zebra bullhead shark (Heterodontus zebra), produced by paired-end RNA sequencing. Transcriptome data is generated with a de novo transcriptome assembler, Trinity. Amino acid sequences are predicted from the assemblies, using TransDecoder. Because cartilaginous fishes serve as the outgroup of bony vertebrates, the data would contribute to comparative analyses of a various biological fields. In addition, this study would be useful for conservation biology, such as transcriptome-based population genetics.
Embryonic transcriptome sequencing of the ocellate spot skate Okamejei kenojei
Authors: Tanegashima Chiharu , Nishimura Osamu , Motone Fumio , Tatsumi Kaori , Kadota Mitsutaka , Kuraku Shigehiro
Published: October 2018

Chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes) exhibit highly variable reproductive styles, categorized as viviparity and oviparity. Among these, species with oviparity provide an enormous potential of molecular experimentation with stable sample supply which does not demand the sacrifices of live mothers. Cartilaginous fishes are divided into two subclasses, chimaeras (Holocephali) and elasmobranchs (Elasmobranchii), and the latter consists of two monophyletic groups, Batoidea (rays, skates and torpedoes) and Selachimorpha (sharks). Here we report transcriptome assemblies of the ocellate spot skate Okamejei kenojei, produced by strand-specific RNA-seq of its embryonic tissues. We obtained a total of 325 million illumina short reads from libraries prepared using four different tissue domains and assembled them all together. Our assembly result confirmed the species authenticity and high continuity of contig sequences. Also, assessment of its coverage of pre-selected one-to-one orthologs supported high diversity of transcripts in the assemblies. Our products are expected to provide a basis of comparative molecular studies encompassing other chondrichthyan species with emerging genomic and transcriptomic sequence information.
Investigations on the interface of nucleic acid aptamers and binding targets
Authors: Cai Shundong , Yan Jianhua , Xiong Hongjie , Liu Yanfei , Peng Dongming , Liu Zhenbao
Published: October 2018

The binding targets of aptamers, the interaction probing methods, and the main binding forces mediating the interaction have been summarized.
Fabrication of 3D continuous-flow reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction microdevice integrated with on-chip fluorescence detection for semi-quantitative assessment of gene expression
Authors: Pham Quang Nghia , Trinh Kieu The Loan , Tran Nguyen Khoi Song , Park Tae-Sik , Lee Nae Yoon
Published: October 2018

A 3D microdevice equipped with a portable pump and a single heater was fabricated integrating RNA amplification and detection functionalities.
A Pt(iv)-mediated polymer architecture for facile and stimuli-responsive intracellular gene silencing with chemotherapy
Authors: Jung Sungjin , Kim Jinhwan , Pramanick Swapan , Park Hyeongmok , Lee Hyori , Lee Junseok , Kim Won Jong
Published: October 2018

A prodrug–polymer architecture was designed for simultaneous delivery of siRNA and a Pt(ii) drug by exploiting the chemistry of Pt(iv).
Palladium-catalysed magnesiation of benzene
Authors: Garçon Martí , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: October 2018

In the presence of a catalytic quantity of [Pd(PCy3)2], a reagent containing a Mg–Mg bond effects the C–H functionalisation of benzene resulting in a 100% atom efficient transformation to generate an unprecedented aryl magnesium hydride.
Dual-modal in vivo fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging using a heterodimeric peptide
Authors: Chen Jing , Gao Zhenghong , Li Gaoming , Wang Thomas D.
Published: October 2018

Dual fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging with an IRDye800 labeled heterodimeric peptide on human esophageal xenograft tumors in vivo.
Quantitative analysis of cell-free synthesized membrane proteins at the stabilized droplet interface bilayer
Authors: Elfaramawy Maie A. , Fujii Satoshi , Uyeda Atsuko , Osaki Toshihisa , Takeuchi Shoji , Kato Yasuhiko , Watanabe Hajime , Matsuura Tomoaki
Published: October 2018

Quantification of membrane proteins supplied by cell-free synthesis was achieved by using an easy-to-use droplet interface bilayer chamber model.
A self-assembled dual-phase composite as a precursor of high-performance anodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Song Yefeng , Yin Yi-Mei , Li Linsen , Chen Zonghai , Ma Zi-Feng
Published: October 2018

A durable high-performance anode composed of Fe–Cu nano-fibers, a Ruddlesden–Popper layered perovskite and a single perovskite is prepared from a dual-phase precursor.
Significant effect of Mg-pressure-controlled annealing: non-stoichiometry and thermoelectric properties of Mg2−δSi1−xSbx
Authors: Kato Daisuke , Iwasaki Kouta , Yoshino Masahito , Yamada Tomoaki , Nagasaki Takanori
Published: October 2018

Non-stoichiometry of Mg2−δSi1−xSbx controlled via Mg-pressure-controlled annealing has significant influence on the carrier concentration and other thermoelectric properties.
Explicit vs. implicit electronic polarisation of environment of an embedded chromophore in frozen-density embedding theory
Authors: Ricardi Niccolò , Zech Alexander , Gimbal-Zofka Yann , Wesolowski Tomasz A.
Published: October 2018

A comparison of strategies to account for environment polarisation in Frozen Density Embedding Theory (FDET).
Computational design of tetrazolate-based metal–organic frameworks for CH4 storage
Authors: Wu Xuanjun , Peng Liang , Xiang Sichen , Cai Weiquan
Published: October 2018

Tetrazolate-based metal–organic frameworks are designed and screened for CH4 storage.
Infrared spectroscopy of gas phase alpha hydroxy carboxylic acid homo and hetero dimers
Authors: Gu Quanli , Xia Yong , Chen Sifeng , Su Peifeng , Yang Zhijun , Trindle Carl O. , Knee J. L.
Published: October 2018

New gas phase infrared spectroscopy is reported for an aromatic alpha hydroxy carboxylic acid homo dimer of 9-hydroxy-9-fluorene carboxylic acid (9HFCA)2, and the hetero dimer of 9HFCA with glycolic acid.
Spectroscopic analysis of proton exchange during the photocatalytic decomposition of aqueous acetic acid: an isotopic study on the product distribution and reaction rate
Authors: Hamid Saher , Dillert Ralf , Schneider Jenny , Bahnemann Detlef W.
Published: October 2018

The photocatalytic decomposition of aqueous acetic acid into molecular hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons employing platinized titania (Pt/TiO2) as a photocatalyst has been studied.
Quantum mechanical study on the oxidation of ethyl vinyl ketone initiated by an OH radical
Authors: Paul Subrata , Gour Nand Kishor , Chandra Deka Ramesh
Published: October 2018

All possible reactions of EVK with OH radical along with thermochemical data (in kcal mol−1) at the M06-2X level.
A novel understanding of residual nano-Al13 formation and degradation during coagulation and flocculation: a proof based on ESI-TOF-MS
Authors: Tian Chenhao , Wu Yuehan , Wei Mingzhi , Feng Chenghong
Published: October 2018

Nano-Al13 species changes in coagulation can be detected by optimized ESI-MS. Al13 clusters can be aggregated by Alm and Alo instantly in AlCl3 coagulation. Al13 clusters are efficient components in both AlCl3 and PACl coagulations.
Organic and nitrogen load removal from bio-treated landfill leachates by a dual-anode system
Authors: Ding Jing , Jiang Junqiu , Wei Liangliang , Geng Yuxuan , Zhao Qingliang , Yuan Yixing , Dionysiou Dionysios D.
Published: October 2018

An efficient dual-anode system integrating anodic oxidation and electrocoagulation was developed for the removal of pollutants from bio-treated landfill leachate.
Bioactive compounds and pharmacological and food applications ofSyzygium cumini– a review
Authors: Chhikara Navnidhi , Kaur Ravinder , Jaglan Sundeep , Sharma Paras , Gat Yogesh , Panghal Anil
Published: October 2018

The present review explores the nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological potential as well as diverse food usages ofSyzygium cumini.
The solvation properties and effect ofd-fructose on the taste behavior ofCitrus aurantiumactive components in aqueous solutions
Authors: Vraneš Milan B. , Panić Jovana J. , Tot Aleksandar S. , Papović Snežana M. , Ostojić Sergej M. , Gadžurić Slobodan B.
Published: October 2018

The densities and viscosities of synephrine hydrochloride and octopamine hydrochloride aqueous solutions were determined.
Engineered basement membranes: fromin vivoconsiderations to cell-based assays
Authors: Perry Guillaume , Xiao Wenjin , Welsh Gavin I. , Perriman Adam W. , Lennon Rachel
Published: October 2018

Engineered basement membranes are required to mimicin vivoproperties within cell-based assays.
Self-filling microwell arrays (SFMAs) for tumor spheroid formation
Authors: Seyfoori Amir , Samiei Ehsan , Jalili Neda , Godau Brent , Rahmanian Mehdi , Farahmand Leila , Majidzadeh-A Keivan , Akbari Mohsen
Published: October 2018

Self-filling microwell arrays hold great promise for the production of 3D tumor spheroids and organoids for disease modeling and drug discovery.
Systematic mutagenesis of oncocin reveals enhanced activity and insights into the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity
Authors: Lai Pin-Kuang , Geldart Kathryn , Ritter Seth , Kaznessis Yiannis N. , Hackel Benjamin J.
Published: October 2018

Oncocin is a proline-rich antimicrobial peptide that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome.
Correction: Synthesis of γ-alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles and their potential for use as an adsorbent in the removal of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater
Authors: Ali Shafqat , Abbas Yasir , Zuhra Zareen , Butler Ian S.
Published: October 2018

Correction for ‘Synthesis of γ-alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles and their potential for use as an adsorbent in the removal of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater’ by Shafqat Ali et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8na00014j.
H-Bonding and C–H⋯π assisted mechanofluorochromism of triphenylamine-containing vinylheterocycles bearing cyano and methyl groups
Authors: Peng Jiang , Zhao Jinyu , Zheng Longde , Ye Kaiqi , Sun Jingbo , Lu Ran
Published: October 2018

The intermolecular interactions have affected the mechanofluorochromic performance of heterocycles.
The synthesis of core–shell Cu9S5@mSiO2–ICG@PEG–LA for photothermal and photodynamic therapy
Authors: An Na , Wang Ying , Li Meng , Lin Huiming , Qu Fengyu
Published: October 2018

A Cu9S5@mSiO2–ICG@PEG–LA core–shell nanocomposite was synthesized to integrate NIR-modulated PTT and PDT, revealing enhanced cytotoxicity to the HepG2 cell.
Metal oxide nanoparticle-functionalized sebacic acid-grafted PHEAM nanocarriers for enriched activity of metronidazole against food borne bacteria: in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Gowri Murugesan , Suganya Kannan , Latha Nachimuthu , Murugan Marudhamuthu , Ahmed Mukhtar , Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Rajan Mariappan
Published: October 2018

Food borne infection is a serious complication caused by Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), a dangerous bacteria.
Sonochemical synthesis of Zn-promoted porous MgO-supported lamellar Cu catalysts for selective hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethanol and their long-term stability
Authors: Abbas Mohamed , Zhang Juan , Chen Zheng , Chen Jiangang
Published: October 2018

Zn-doped lamellar Cu nanocrystals supported on MgO NPs catalyst was developed and employed as novel and robust catalyst for the production of Ethanol from the environmentally benign hydrogenation reaction of dimethyl oxalate.
Fluorophore-free luminescent double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles as pesticide delivery vehicles
Authors: Cao Lidong , Zhang Huirong , Zhou Zhaolu , Xu Chunli , Shan Yongpan , Lin Yuqing , Huang Qiliang
Published: October 2018

Carbon dots-embedded hollow double-shelled mesoporous silica nanoparticles serve as pesticide delivery vehicles.
Designing robust underwater superoleophobic microstructures on copper substrates
Authors: Li Chong , Lai Hua , Cheng Zhongjun , Yan Jiajia , An Maozhong
Published: October 2018

Three low adhesive underwater superoleophobic copper surfaces with different microstructures are prepared. Both the experimental and theoretical simulation analysis results indicate that different microstructure shapes have different stabilities, and the difference can be ascribed to different stress distributions on these microstructures.
Ultrathin cobalt oxide nanostructures with morphology-dependent electrocatalytic oxygen evolution activity
Authors: Zhang Nan , Wang Yin , Hao Yu-Chen , Ni Yuan-Man , Su Xin , Yin An-Xiang , Hu Chang-Wen
Published: October 2018

Ultrathin and oxygen-defect-rich nanosheets of cobalt oxide exhibit promoted activity and stability in oxygen evolution reactions.
Improved efficiency and thermal stability of ternary all-small-molecule organic solar cells by NCBA as a third component material
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Wang Ning
Published: October 2018

In this work, organic solar cells (OSCs) were fabricated with a blend of PC71BM and p-DTS-(FBTTh2)2 employed as a binary photoactive layer and with a dihydronaphthyl-based C60 bisadduct (NCBA) small-molecule acceptor used as a third component material.
Control of circularly polarized luminescence from a boron ketoiminate-based π-conjugated polymer via conformational locks
Authors: Li Junfeng , Peng Xuelei , Huang Chao , Qi Qi , Lai Wen-Yong , Huang Wei
Published: October 2018

Circularly polarized luminescence from a boron ketoiminate-based π-conjugated polymer was successfully realized at the unimolecular level via conformational locks that blocked the intramolecular rotations.
Total synthesis and structure revision of chrysamide B
Authors: Chen Jinhong , Li Junfang , Zhu Longqing , Peng Xue , Feng Yiyue , Lu Yingmei , Hu Xiaoling , Liang Jianpin , Zhao Quanyi , Wang Zhen
Published: October 2018

Total synthesis and structure revision of chrysamide B are described, the strategy features a convergent assembly of the chiral piperazine core and epoxy-acid.
Electronic properties of the coronene series from thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory
Authors: Yeh Chia-Nan , Wu Can , Su Haibin , Chai Jeng-Da
Published: October 2018

To fully utilize the great potential of graphene in electronics, a comprehensive understanding of the electronic properties of finite-size graphene flakes is essential.
Retracted Article: Daphnetin inhibits proliferation and glycolysis in colorectal cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: He Zhikuan , Dong Wenxing , Yao Kunhou , Qin Changjiang , Duan Baomin
Published: October 2018

Daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin compound, has shown antitumor and energy metabolism regulatory activities.
Polyaniline modified lignocellulosic fibers from sago seed shell powder for electrochemical devices
Authors: T. V. Jinitha , K. P. Safna Hussan , N. Subair , V. Shaniba , Balan Aparna K. , E. Purushothaman
Published: October 2018

We report the development of a novel electrode material from agrarian waste, sago (Cycas circinalis) seed shell powder (SSP).
A comparison of TiF3 and NbF5 catalytic effects on hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of a ball-milled Mg85Zn5Ni10 alloy
Authors: Yin Yi , Li Bo , Yuan Zeming , Qi Yan , Zhang Yanghuan
Published: October 2018

TiF3 shows better catalytic influence on hydrogen storage property of Mg85Zn5Ni10 than NbF5.
Co-production of fully renewable medium chain α-olefins and bio-oilviahydrothermal liquefaction of biomass containing polyhydroxyalkanoic acid
Authors: Dong Tao , Xiong Wei , Yu Jianping , Pienkos Philip T.
Published: October 2018

Co-production of fully renewable medium chain α-olefins and bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction.