bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Biochimical Comorbidities and Complications in Abdominal Surgery Using Synthetic Prosthetic Material
Authors: Baleanu Vlad Dumitru , Vasile Danut , Goganau Alexandru Marian , Tomescu Paul Ioan , Davitoiu Dragos , Belega Alexandra , Georgescu Ion , Alexandru Dragos Ovidiu , Bordu Silviu Iulian , Voicu Diana Ioana , Manda Ana Laura
Published: February 2020

Hernia can be defined as an organ disorder which protrudes the wall that contains it. Synthetic material for the repair of the abdominal wall are used frequently with good results and less complications. Our research included a number of 135 patients diagnosed with inguinal hernia hospitalized and operated in Clinical County Hospital of Craiova, between 1st January 2017-31 October 2017. The purpose of our work was to identify and analyze comorbidities and complications for inguinal hernia repaired with synthetic prosthetic material. hernia repair was performed in 135 patients, 16 were women and 119 were men. Tension free meshplasty was accomplished in 131 patients with uncomplicated inguinal hernia and herniorrhaphy was successfully performed at 4 patients with complicated inguinal hernia. From our study 107 patients had a remarkable recovery without any complication. Patients who underwent tension-free hernia surgery using prosthetic mesh,short-term complications were represented by 19 patients with urinary retention, 6 surgical local infection (superficial infections) and 2 scrotal edema. Nowadays surgeons try to find the best elective repair of inguinal hernia,to be safety for the patients despite of their age and with few complications and low mortality rate. Risks assessment include general conditions and associated comorbidities of the patients. In our study we reveal the type of comorbidities which we meet. We considered that it is significant to optimize cardiopulmonary status and the other comorbidities of the patient before to repair abdominal wall hernia in order to avoid both short and long term complication.
Clinical and Biochemical Correlations of Aggression in Young Patients with Mental Disorders
Authors: Duica Lavinia , Antonescu Elisabeta , Pirlog Mihail , Purnichi Traian , Szakacs Julianna , Totan Maria , Vintila Bogdan Ioan , Cernusca Mitariu Mihaela , Cernusca Mitariu Sebastian Ioan , Stetiu Andreea , Bota Gabriela , Bereanu Alina , Manea Marinela Minodora
Published: February 2020

Hyperdopaminergia has been identified at impulsive or psychotic patients, the polymorphism of COMT or other enzymes that metabolize dopamine could be involved. The deficiencies of the serotoninergic system in suicidal behaviour has been mentioned by many studies that indicate the reduction of 5-HT, 5-HIAA in CSF or 5-HTT polymorphism. Young patients with psychotic or depression symptoms manifest, frequently, aggressive and self-harm behaviour. Besides the association between the young age and the aggressivity of the patients with serious mental disorders, our study shows gender differences and this matter is sustained by hormonal factors. The study was conducted at the Gheorghe Preda Psychiatric Hospital in Sibiu. The study comprises 52 patients aged between 18 and 35 who were diagnosed with the diagnosis of Schizophrenia, Bipolar Affective Disorder, Depressive Episode and Major depressive disorder according to the DSM-5 criteria. Evaluation of the severity of psychiatric and depressive symptomathology were assessed with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory; aggression and self-aggression in the patients with Schizophrenia, respectively with Bipolar disorder, depressive episode and Major depression disorder were assessed with Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire and Suicide Intent Scale. Regarding the severity of aggression in the young patients from our study (Buss Perry scale score), male gender is higher than female gender: higher percentages in males (35% and 10%) than in females (16 and 0%). Determining aggression in schizophrenia is possible due to COMT polymorphism that lead to impulsivity or psychotic symptoms. The study show a significant positive correlation between the severity of symptoms of schizophrenia and aggression. From the analysis of the severity of depression in young patients (SIS score) it is noted that its severity is higher in the female gender. Women had higher scores of moderate depression (58%) and severe (26%) than men (37 and 25%, respectively). This relationships could be possible due to the polymorphism of the gene encoding the 5-HTT serotonin transporter related with serotonin deficiency.The study do not show a significant positive correlation between the severity of the depressive symptomatology and the degree of the suicide intent.
Meningiomas Related to the Chernobyl Irradiation Disaster in North-Eastern Romania Between 1990 and 2015
Authors: Cucu Andrei Ionut , Costea Claudia Florida , Carauleanu Alexandru , Dumitrescu Gabriela Florenta , Sava Anca , Sadiye Scripcariu Ioana , Costan Victor Vlad , Turliuc Serban , Poeata Ion , Turliuc Dana Mihaela
Published: February 2020

Even if meningiomas are the most common radio-induced tumors that occur in the adult population, the epidemiology of these types of tumors after Chernobyl nuclear accident, is still unclear. This paper aims to determine the tumoral behavior of intracranial meningiomas in North-Eastern Romania, affected by the radioactive cloud from Chernobyl nuclear accident , over a period of 25 years, namely between 1990 and 2015. Our research consists of an analytical, observational, cohort-based and retrospective study, conducted in Prof. Dr. N. Oblu Clinical Emergency Hospital of Iasi, Romania, on a group of 1287 patients diagnosed with intracranial meningiomas and operated between 1990 and 2015. In these period there was an increased number of intracranial meningiomas, with first peak between 1993-1996 and the second peak between 2007-2015, corresponding to 7-10 years and 21-30 years, after the Chernobyl accident. Regarding the annual frequency of histopathologic grading, for grade I meningiomas there were no trend or cyclicity of the cases diagnosed each year, but for grade II and III meningiomas there were an ascending trend in the period 1996-2000, that corresponds to the 10-14 years from the Chernobyl accident.
Management of Urban Organic Solid Waste Applied in Romanian Metropolitan City
Authors: Ungureanu George , Ignat Gabriela , Leonte Elena , Costuleanu Carmen Luiza , Jitareanu Sergiu , Donosa Dan , Teodorescu Soare Eugen , Sandu Ioan Gabriel
Published: February 2020

This paper explains the interest in urban organic solid wastes, the relevance of these wastes to municipal solid waste management, the main ways in which organics are reused, and the problem that arise from the wish to ensure safe and effec�tive reuse as part of sustainable development in cities in Romania. Wastes are substances resulting from biological or technological processes that can no longer be used as such, some of which are reusable. Dangerous substances are any substance or product which, when used in apparently non-hazardous quantities, concentrations or conditions, presents a significant risk to humans, the environment or material goods (eg explosives, oxidizing, flammable, toxic, harmful, corrosive, irritant, mutagenic. Urban administrations nowadays are seeking ways to divert organic wastes from municipal solid waste streams for a variety of reasons, as noted below. Recommenda�tions are made for separation at source so that safe composting can be carried out. Private companies are being encouraged to undertake composting, often via forms of public-private partnerships. More attention is being paid to the role of non-govern�mental organizations in promoting citizen awareness of organic waste issues, and co-operation with separation at source. This paper draws attention to the many informal ways that organic wastes are currently reused, which are rarely taken into account in official plans for managing organic wastes.
The Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Rapid Cooled Iron Based Alloys
Authors: Nabialek Marcin , Jez Kinga
Published: February 2020

The studies include the production of an amorphous alloy with the chemical composition Fe62Co9Y8W1B20 by two methods: injection and suction casting while maintaining similar production parameters (such as: chamber pressure, protective gas) and comparison of their structure and magnetic properties. The alloy was examined for structure by X-ray diffraction. The magnetic properties were determined on the basis of the VSM and the Faraday magnetic balance measurements. Solid amorphous iron-based materials are characterized by good magnetic properties. The influence of the method of production on these properties turns out to be significant, especially in the case of coercive field. The obtained results lead to further research on massive iron-based amorphous materials. Future research will address the effect of changes in the chemical composition of the alloy on magnetic properties and the continuation of studies on the impact of the manufacturing method on the structure and properties of alloys. The obtained alloy is characterized by good soft magnetic properties. It is possible to use it in electronics and electrotechnics, especially in devices where easy remagnetization of the material at specific frequencies is required.
Study of the Variation of Kinematic Viscosity and Density of Various Biodiesel Blends with Temperature
Authors: Tutunea Dragos
Published: February 2020

Biodiesel has emerged as a non-toxic and biodegradable fuel for use in transportation sector as well as other applications, such heating and irrigation. Also biodiesel plays an important role in reducing the dependency of petroleum fuels and environmental pollution. Nevertheless, the higher density and viscosity are two important physical properties that affect fuel atomization, spray characteristics and combustion in an unmodified engine. The biodiesel used was produced from sunflower oil and mixed with diesel fuel in different proportions (B10...B100). Kinematic viscosity and density were measured at average climate conditions as 30, 40 and 50�C. Several correlations are proposed to predict the correlation of density and viscosity and compare them with well-known models previously published in literature.
Potentarea efectului tratamentului cu voltaren gel prin utilizarea ultrasunetelor cu frecvente de 1 MHz
Authors: Silisteanu Sinziana Calina , Mitariu Loredana , Ranga Remus , Antonescu Elisabeta , Duica Corina Lavinia , Racheriu Mihaela , Totan Maria , Manea Marinela Minodora
Published: February 2020

The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in abarticular conditions are well known. The aim was to compare the efficacy of NSAIDs, of Diclofenac drug class (Voltaren gel, in this case) applied topically, with and without ultrasound, for a period of 10 days in abarticular rheumatic diseases. The following parameters have been aimed at: pain, functional impotence and quality of life index. One gram of gel was applied daily for an area of 100 cm�. The treatment was applied to patients in an outpatient regime. Therapeutic ultrasound frequencies were used. Among the effects of selective warming of the areas exposed to ultrasound, we mention: decreased joint stiffness, increased pain threshold of peripheral nerves and nerve endings, moderate increase of blood flow, increased joint mobility.
Oxidative Chemical Hybrid Formulations for Internal Bleaching of Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Pascalau Diana , Dudescu Mircea Cristian , Merie Violeta , Pustan Marius , Marinca Traian Florin , Ionel Dan Cristian , Mesaros Anca Stefania
Published: February 2020

This study aims to develop new biocompatible hybrid bleaching materials based on titanium dioxide (TiO2), silica dioxide (SiO2) and ascorbic acid (Aa) and to test the characteristics of the bleached teeth, by atomic force microscopy and compressive load at break analyses. The new bleaching agents have similar efficiency with sodium perborate but they are less aggressive towards the tooth than the peroxides. The efficiency of the novel bleaching system consists in lack of side effects, confirmed by mechanical tests.
The Evaluation of the Role of the Cytokines TNF- alfa and IL 6 in the Production of Hypoalbuminemia in Patients Undergoing Major Surgical Interventions
Authors: Nicolescu Cristian , Pop Alaxendru , Mihu Alin , Pilat Luminita , Bedreag Ovidiu , Nicolescu Laura
Published: February 2020

This article presents an observational randomized prospective study done on 65 patients, who underwent major surgical interventions in the field of orthopedic surgery-total hip replacement or general surgery � total colectomy. The level of albuminemia in these cases were determined before the surgical intervention, after 6 hours of the intervention and after 24 h of the intervention. The measurements of the plasmatic concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL6) were simultaneously done with the determination of the plasmatic levels of albumin. Values of hemoglobin and hematocrit were determined 24 h after the surgical procedure in order to exclude hemodilution, which could lead to a possible drop in the levels of plasmatic albumin. After the collection of the data, the statistical work was done and it consisted of descriptive statistics, correlation and comparison tests as well as statistical validation tests. Obtained results indicate that IL-6 plays a major role comparatively with that of TNF-alfa, regarding the decrease of the plasmatic level of albumin, and due to this, the primordial cause for hypoalbuminemia is an acute hepatic phase reaction. Supplemental permeability of the capillary wall under the action of TNF alpha has a secondary role, but could lead to a faster decrease in plasmatic albumin in the first hours after the surgical procedure.
Research Concerning the Kinetostatic Analysis of the Mechanism of the Conventional Sucker Rod Pumping Units
Authors: Badoiu Dorin , Toma Georgeta
Published: February 2020

It is well known that the bearings of the mechanism of the conventional pumping units are heavily loaded so that their design has to be accomplished very carefully. In this scope the values of the connection forces acting on these bearings has to be determined as accurately as possible. In the paper is presented the kinetostatic analysis of the mechanism of the conventional sucker rod pumping units, obtaining in this way the values of the connection forces in the joints and of the motor moment at the cranks shaft. For processing the experimental records it has been used the program Total Well Management. The simulations have been performed with a computer program developed by the authors using Maple programming environment.
Patients Attendance for Emergency Dental Services in Mures County
Authors: Dorner Kinga , Mathe Bernadette Kerekes , Bors Andreea , Varlam Cristina Molnar , Nimigean Vanda Roxana , Szekely Melinda
Published: February 2020

In Romania dental health services are provided mainly through user pays private practices and there is a limited reimbursement of dental services from the government. The economic recession lead to substantial lack of insurance coverage for oral health care of low-income population. The aim of this six-year retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of patients requesting public dental emergency care and to determine the characteristics of dental affections for which emergency interventions were requested in Tirgu-Mures, Romania. During the analyzed period, a total number of 38610 patients were treated in the Emergency Dental Office of Mures County Emergency Hospital. Of the total number of treated emergency patients 8017 (20.76%) were children and 30593 (79.25%) were adults. Significantly more adults requested emergency care than children (p[0.0001). Out of the investigated adults 3051 (9.98%) were aged 60 years or over. The high demand for emergency dental care reflects that dental care in private practices is unaffordable to socially disadvantaged patients and also the need for community based public dental care in Tirgu-Mures.
Colposcopic, Histologic and Immunohistochemical Assessment in Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions
Authors: Berceanu Costin , Paitici Stefan , Berceanu Sabina , Bratila Elvira , Ofiteru Anca Maria , Mehedintu Claudia , Berbece Sorin Ion , Navolan Dan , Obleaga Cosmin Vasile , Balseanu Tudor Adrian
Published: February 2020

It is widely accepted that HPV infection precedes the occurrence of neoplastic disease in a varying time frame, and HPV testing can detect 30-100% more cervical precancers than conventional cytology and 20-50% more precancers than liquid-based cytology. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions include the categories of mild dysplasia, respectively cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1, and complementary, various descriptors indicating the presence of Human papilloma virus, such as koilocytotic atypia or condilomatous dysplasia. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions cytologically consist of moderate and severe dysplasia, respectively cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, 3 and carcinoma in situ. The purpose of our paper is to analyze the cytological and colposcopic characteristics in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions cervical lesions and to accomplish histological and immunohistochemical correlations in these cervical intraepithelial lesions. Systematic three-step colposcopic evaluation using successively, normal saline with or without green filter, acetic acid and Lugol staining provides enhanced efficiency to the colposcopic examination and allows a more individualized and targeted surgical, medical or expectant management. Special microscopic techniques are very important in diagnosing and grading cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Efficiency of SNPs for the Detection of 35DelG Mutation in 50 Cases with Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss
Authors: Radulescu Luminita , Curocichin Ghenadie , Buza Anastasia , Parii Sergiu , Meriacre Tatiana , Chiosa Doina Chiaburu , Butnaru Corina , Birkenhaeger Ralf , Martu Cristian
Published: February 2020

Congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is recognized as a major public health burden. Mutations in the GJB2 gene are among the most frequent encountered etiological factors (approximately 50% of cases of autosomal recessive sensorineural non-syndromic hearing loss in the Caucasian population). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important markers in studies that correlate the genotype with the phenotype. The main purpose of the study is to develop and validate a molecular-genetic screening algorithm based on the SNP rs80338939 for later use in laboratories in Romania and the Republic of Moldova. A prospective study was conducted on 50 randomly included subjects with profound congenital SNHL. The 35delG mutation was assessed by two methods: a reference method (University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany) and the method to validate: single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for the same mutation. We compared the results of the two methods to assess the specificity and sensitivity of the method used in the study. Results obtained indicate a sensitivity of 92% and 98% specificity for the studied method when compared with the reference method. The high sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method confirms that rs80338939 can be used as a biomarker in the assessment of the risk of autosomal recessive SNHL. In fact, we aim to optimize the technique to achieve 100% sensitivity and specificity. At the same time, we acknowledge that the screening of 35delG mutations does not replace the audiological screening tests, because the auditory function involves 1% of the human genes and mutations of any of these may lead to deafness.
PENGALAMAN PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA DI RSUD H. ANDI SULTAN DAENG RADJA BULUKUMBA
Authors: Ardi Ardhyanto , Nurhidayah Irfanita , Tombong Andi Baso
Published: February 2020

Chronic kidney failure is progressive kidney damage that is fatal and is characterized by uremia and can lead to hemodialysis to continue living. There is a dependence on hemodialysis and the lack of research that discusses the experience of patients undergoing hemodialysis so that researchers are interested in doing this research. The purpose of this study is to explore the life experiences of chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis at H. Andi Sultan Daeng Radja Bulukumba Hospital. Method This study uses a qualitative study (phenomenology) and a sample of 8 people with criteria for patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis. Data in this study were collected through in-depth interviews on selected subjects (In-depth Interviews) and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Results Researchers found 4 themes from the results of data analysis. The themes are: (1) Early Symptoms of Disease, sub-themes: uncontrolled blood pressure, lethargy. (2) Motivation and Strengthening Undergo Therapies, sub-themes: enthusiasm from the patient himself, support of other patients undergoing hemodialysis, support from family, support from hemodialysis nurses. (3) Compliance Undergoing Treatment, sub-theme: do not delay and rule out boredom, surrender. (4) Quality of Life for Hemodialysis Patients, sub themes: feeling like a normal human being, improved diet, good weight. The quality of life of patients is better after undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Conclusions and suggestions: There are 4 themes obtained in this study. It is expected that families and nurses can provide support to patients who are undergoing hemodialysis and patients diagnosed in order to avoid fear of undergoing hemodialysis.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ СУПРОВІД СУЧАСНОГО ВИХОВНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ
Authors: Bekh Ivan
Published: February 2020

Констатується ситуація, яка за пріоритет покладає раціоналізм як жорстко нормовану стратегію в освітньому процесі. У цих умовах зростаюча особистість формується лише частково, оскільки нейтралізуються фактори повноцінного інтелектуального розвитку та духовності у їх цілісності.Згадана ситуація може бути трансформована за умови утвердження цінності як одиниці різнобічного розвитку особистості. З огляду на це провідним механізмом ціннісного осягнення світу зростаючою особистістю виступає психологічний супровід освіти, зокрема виховного процесу. Пропонується наступна дефініція. Сутністю психологічного супроводу доцільно вважати освітню дію (рівною мірою і навчальну, і виховну), індикатором якої виступає глибока наукомісткість, що складається з ряду наукових закономірностей педагогічної психології, психології спілкування, психології мотивації, психолінгвістики. Означені дисципліни роблять освітню дію більш ефективною у пізнавальному і розвивальному плані, а традиційний освітній метод, збагачений психологічним супроводом, підноситься до рівня технології у вузькому розумінні цього терміну.Під духовно-моральним розвитком пропонується розуміти набуття вихованцем нових за природою, тобто вищих переживань справедливості, честі, вірності, любові, альтруїзму тощо. Означена розвивальна ідея, яка ґрунтується на психологічному супроводі, кваліфікується як інноваційна парадигма. Її конструктивна побудова має здійснюватися на основі діалектичного дискурсу як несуперечливому сходженні від філософського бачення до конкретних виховних методик. Відповідно психологічний супровід організовувався на чотирьох рівнях: філософському, методологічному, теоретичному та методичному. Принципові положення філософсько-методологічного й теоретичного рівнів об’єктивуються у певних розвивальних методах.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНО-ПРАВОВІ ЗАСАДИ РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ПРОЄКТУ ЗАКОНУ УКРАЇНИ «ПРО НАДАННЯ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ НАСЕЛЕННЮ»
Authors: Barko Vadym
Published: February 2020

У доповіді висвітлено психологічні та правові аспекти розроблення проєкту Закону України «Про надання психологічної допомоги населенню». Представлено результати діяльності робочої групи під керівництвом С.Д. Максименка щодо опрацювання тексту цього законопроєкту. У доповіді розкрито теоретико-методологічні підвалини проєкту зазначеного закону, обґрунтовано його актуальність і доцільність, представлено структуру (відповідні розділи і статті). У першому розділі наводиться перелік основних термінів із визначеннями, представлені розширені завдання законодавства України у сфері надання психологічної допомоги й у другому розділі представлені види та форми надання такої допомоги населенню, її принципи, підстави надання; розділ третій визначає права та обов’язки одержувачів допомоги, права й обов’язки психолога; розділ четвертий містить інформацію щодо ліцензування фахівців-психологів, ведення єдиного реєстру фахівців і засобів допомоги, стандарту психологічної допомоги тощо; розділ п’ятий визначає статус Організації самоврядування психологів, її центральні органи, контроль і нагляд за діяльністю з надання психологічної допомоги; розділ шостий регламентує порядок оскарження рішень, дій, пов’язаних з наданням психологічної допомоги і визначає відповідальність за порушення законодавства про психологічну допомогу; розділ сьомий містить прикінцеві положення, де визначається дата набуття законом чинності, а також регламентуються дії Кабінету Міністрів України.
ПРОЕКТНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ДЛЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ КВАЛІФІКОВАНИХ РОБІТНИКІВ АГРАРНОЇ, БУДІВЕЛЬНОЇ ТА АВТОТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ГАЛУЗЕЙ
Authors: Kulalaieva Natalia , Romanova Hanna
Published: February 2020

У доповіді оприлюднено результати наукового дослідження «Методичні засади розроблення проектних технологій для професійної підготовки майбутніх кваліфікованих робітників аграрної, будівельної та автотранспортної галузей», виконаного співробітниками лабораторії технологій професійного навчання Інституту професійно-технічної освіти НАПН України протягом 2016-2018 рр. Проаналізовано досвід застосування проектних технологій у професійній підготовці кваліфікованих робітників; визначено методичні засади розроблення проектних технологій для їхньої професійної підготовки. Обґрунтовано методологічні підходи до проектного професійного навчання у закладах професійної (професійно-технічної) освіти. Наведено методики розроблення проектних технологій професійного навчання майбутніх кваліфікованих робітників аграрної, будівельної і автотранспортної галузей, організації проектної діяльності у ЗП(ПТ)О, оцінювання результатів проектного професійного навчання учнів. Представлено проектні технології для професійної підготовки майбутніх кваліфікованих робітників (інформаційно-аналітичну, практико-орієнтовану, дослідно-пошукову, творчо-інноваційну, соціально-виховну). Показано експериментальну перевірку їх результативності шляхом дослідження рівнів готовності педагогічних працівників до розроблення і застосування проектних технологій, і учнів – до проектного професійного навчання.
Portal de Biodiversidade de Chalcidoidea, um recurso online para informações e identificação taxonômica
Authors: Dal Molin Ana , Tavares Marcelo T. , Monjardim Gustavo E.
Published: February 2020

The scarcity of easily accessible high-quality, up-to-date information about certain taxa and difficulties using dichotomous taxonomic keys have long been issues raised by the scientific community. This problem is especially evident regarding resources in Portuguese. This article introduces the Chalcidoidea Biodiversity Portal (Portal de Biodiversidade de Chalcidoidea), a web resource which aims to provide researchers, educators and other members of the community with tools to aid in the taxonomic identification of chalcid wasps, as well as a continuously updated texts with recent advancements in the area. The main differential of the portal is a section including freely accessible multiple-entry keys. The interface for multiple-entry keys are desktop- and mobile-friendly, allowing the user to select illustrated features by clicking, progressively eliminating alternative results until only one is left. The researcher interface allows them to easily update information and to upload developed keys using the Structured Descriptive Data (SDD 1.1) format. Our main objective is to foster communication for research groups focusing on Chalcidoidea in the Neotropical region, including sectors focused on biological control. The web site is hosted at http://chalcidoidea.ufes.br.
Pronunciation Goals of Japanese English Teachers in the EFL Classroom: Ambivalence Toward Native-like and Intelligible Pronunciation
Authors: Uchida Yoko , Sugimoto Junko
Published: February 2020

While there is a general concurrence among researchers that mastery of “intelligible pronunciation” should be the goal of English learners, the notion does not seem to be widely shared among non-native EFL teachers, who often hold the strong belief that teachers should sound like native speakers. To investigate the underlying reasons for this, we conducted an essay survey with 16 Japanese preservice teachers after having them read articles relevant to intelligible English and English as a lingua franca. The preservice teachers displayed ambivalence between native English pronunciation and Japanese-accented English. Some also had misunderstandings concerning “intelligible pronunciation.” Limited communication experience in monolingual classrooms may have prevented them from imagining what type of pronunciation is necessary. We propose that intelligible non-native English samples be presented to preservice teachers in training courses to help them establish their concept of “ideal” pronunciation, which can serve as a model for their future students.
研究者の間では、英語学習者は「明瞭度の高い発音」の習得を到達目標とするべきであるという考え方が一般的である。しかし、その考え方は非母語話者の英語教員の間では広く共有されておらず、教員は母語話者のような発音でなければならないと強く信じていることが多い。その背景にある理由について調査するために、16名の英語教員志望者に対して「明瞭度の高い英語」と「国際共通語としての英語」に関する論文記事を読んでもらった後に、エッセイによる調査を行なった。教員志望者達は、英語母語話者の発音と日本語の痕跡が残った発音に対して葛藤する気持ちを示した。また、「明瞭度の高い発音」という概念について誤解している者もいた。教員と生徒が同じ母語を共有する教室内で英語による意思疎通を行なうという限定的な経験しかないため、どのような種類の発音が必要であるのか想像できなかったのかもしれない。教員志望者自身が、将来生徒達のモデルとなれるよう、自身にとっての「理想の」発音を身につけることが必要である。そのために、非母語話者の発音であっても明瞭度の高い英語の実例を聞く機会を増やすなど、教員養成の過程における工夫を提案したい。
Allylic cross-coupling using aromatic aldehydes as α-alkoxyalkyl anions
Authors: Yuasa Akihiro , Nagao Kazunori , Ohmiya Hirohisa
Published: February 2020

The allylic cross-coupling using aromatic aldehydes as α-alkoxyalkyl anions is described. The synergistic palladium/copper-catalyzed reaction of aromatic aldehydes, allylic carbonates, and a silylboronate produces the corresponding homoallylic alcohol derivatives. This process involves the catalytic formation of a nucleophilic α-silyloxybenzylcopper(I) species and the subsequent palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution.
FEMALE ADVANTAGE? MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN MICROFINANCE
Authors: Gudjonsson Sigurdur , Kristinsson Kari , Gylfason Haukur Freyr , Minelgaite Inga
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the article is to investigate whether female presence in microfinance institutions’ management team, i.e. board members, managers and loan officers, will improve their financial performance. We combine financial data on MFIs that is available from the MIX Market database with original data on the gender composition of MFIs’ management team, who include board members, managers and loan officers. This original dataset of 223 MFIs is analyzed using Logit-Tobit regression models with return on assets (ROA) as the dependent variable and proportion of female board members, female loan officers and female managers as the main independent variables. We find that a higher proportion of female managers and female loan officers improve financial performance in microfinance, while a higher proportion of female board members does not. Our results indicate that a major contributor to the financial sustainability of microfinance institutions is having a higher rate of women in vital decision-making roles, especially lower level management positions.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND MANAGEMENT DECISIONS: IMPACT OF ACCOUNTING POLICY ON FINANCIAL INDICATORS OF THE FIRM
Authors: Černius Gintaras , Birškytė Liucija
Published: February 2020

To be useful for decision-making accounting information needs to be of high quality. This article examines how tax accounting rules may impact the accuracy and reliability of the information contained in financial statements. The simulation model reveals that significant distortions occur in accounting information due to the choice of depreciation period and methods. Using as benchmark ratios calculated applying accounting policy recommended in Business Accounting Standards a significant divergence between ratios has been found. This finding implies that ratios calculated using accounting rules allowable for Corporate Income Tax calculation can provide misleading information and lead to unsound financial management decisions.
Wave Reflection and Transmission at the Interface of Convective and Stably Stratified Regions in a Rotating Star or Planet
Authors: Wei Xing
Published: February 2020

We use a simplified model to study wave reflection and transmission at the interface of the convective region and stably stratified region (e.g., radiative zone in a star or stratification layer in a gaseous planet). The inertial wave in the convective region and gravito-inertial wave in the stably stratified region are considered. We begin with the polar area and then extend to any latitude. Six cases are discussed (see Table 1), and in Case 2 both waves co-exist in both regions. Four configurations are further discussed for Case 2. The angles and energy ratios of wave reflection and transmission are calculated. It is found that wave propagation and transmission depend on the ratio of buoyancy frequency to rotational frequency. In a rapidly rotating star or planet, the wave propagates across the interface and most of the energy of the incident wave is transmitted to the other region, but in a slowly rotating star or planet, wave transmission is inhibited.
Identification of the Nature of Electromagnetic Waves near the Proton-cyclotron Frequency in Solar-terrestrial Plasmas
Authors: Zhao Jinsong , Wang Tieyan , Graham Daniel B. , He Jiansen , Liu Wen , Dunlop Malcolm W. , Wu Dejin
Published: February 2020

Low-frequency (quasi-)monochromatic electromagnetic waves near the ion-cyclotron frequency always exhibit both left-hand (LH) and right-hand (RH) polarization in solar-terrestrial spacecraft observations. However, due to the Doppler frequency shift resulting from the bulk flow of charged particles, the nature of these waves in the plasma frame is still unclear. This paper proposes a useful method to directly identify the nature of the observed waves. Using three wave parameters including polarization, direction of the parallel Poynting flux, and correlation between perpendicular magnetic field and perpendicular ion/electron velocity, we could discriminate the wave mode (Alfvén/ion-cyclotron wave or fast-magnetosonic/whistler wave) and its propagation direction (along or against the magnetic field) in the plasma frame. Using Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft measurements, we analyze two wave events containing both LH- and RH-polarized low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the Earth’s magnetosheath, and find that these waves correspond to counter-propagating Alfvén/ion-cyclotron waves in the plasma frame. Our method is helpful for studying low-frequency electromagnetic waves detected by satellites that have particle measurements with an adequate temporal resolution.
Continuous Null-point Magnetic Reconnection Builds Up a Torus Unstable Magnetic Flux Rope Triggering the X9.3 Flare in Solar AR 12673
Authors: Zou Peng , Jiang Chaowei , Wei Fengsi , Feng Xueshang , Zuo Pingbing , Wang Yi
Published: February 2020

Two X-class solar flares occurred on 2017 September 6 from active region NOAA 12673: the first one is a confined X2.2 flare, and it is followed only ∼3 hr later by the second one, which is the strongest flare in solar cycle 24, reaching X9.3 class and accompanied by a coronal mass ejection. Why did these two X-class flares occur in the same position with similar magnetic configurations, but one is eruptive while the other is not? Here we track the coronal magnetic field evolution via nonlinear force-free field extrapolations from a time sequence of vector magnetograms with high cadence. A detailed analysis of the magnetic field shows that a magnetic flux rope (MFR) forms and grows gradually before the first flare, and shortly afterward, the MFR’s growth is significantly enhanced with a much faster rise in height, from far below the threshold of torus instability to above it, while the magnetic twist only increases mildly. Combining EUV observations and the magnetic field extrapolation, we found that overlying the MFR is a null-point magnetic topology, where recurrent brightening is seen after the first flare. We thus suggest a scenario to interpret the occurrence of the two flares. The first flare occurred since the MFR reached a high enough height to activate the null point, and its continuous expansion forces the null-point reconnection recurrently. Such reconnection weakens the overlying field, allowing the MFR to rise faster, which eventually crosses the threshold of torus instability and triggers the second, eruptive flare.
Sociability and identity in virtu@ls universes. The digitalization of reality in the new XXIst century generations
Authors: Millán-Paredes Tatiana
Published: February 2020

The Internet allows us to build a side-world where we invent and re-invent ourselves, relate to the world and face reality through a screen. The new generations are being socialized in virtual surroundings. Which will the consequences be? The step forward from the atom to the bit has determined a new form to see the outside. It has extended the capacity of memory and storage of the human being, but mainly it allows people to relate in a way which will change the idiosyncracy of the man. New technologies are shaping the man. They have already made his body infinite and free, marked by virtual processes that we do not even know. Young people of XXIth century are the digital generation.

Internet ha ido construyendo un mundo paralelo donde nos se crea y se recrea, donde nos relacionamos con el mundo y afrontamos la realidad a través de una pantalla. Las nuevas generaciones se están socializando en entornos virtuales, pero ¿cuáles serán las consecuencias? El paso del átomo al bit ha determinado una nueva forma de ver el exterior, ha ampliado la capacidad de memoria y almacenamiento del ser humano, pero sobre todo permite una forma de relacionarse que cambiará la idiosincrasia del hombre. Las nuevas tecnologías modelan al hombre, lo han hecho infinito, libre de su cuerpo, condicionado por procesos virtuales que aun no se conocen. Los jóvenes del siglo XXI son la generación digital.
L’engagement à l’épreuve d’un « faire »
Authors: Nicolas-Le Strat Pascal
Published: February 2020

L’engagement est la période contemporaine de l’« âge du faire ». C’est agir en situation, dans le moment présent, introduisant de nouvelles perspectives, ouvrant des interstices ou provoquant des bifurcations avec l’espoir de décaler ou décadrer un existant jugé intolérable. L’engagement se tient au cœur de l’expérience et, au cœur de cette conception démocratique, se développe une pratique du récit. Prenant l’exemple d’une zad , l’engagement est à la fois impliqué et impliquant, critique et contributif. Il s’incorpore dans des moments partagés à l’occasion d’une socialité de quartier, d’une expérience de co-création ou d’une coopération d’activité.
Three-Step Treatment of Keratoconus and Post-LASIK Ectasia: Implantation of ICRS, Corneal Cross-linking, and Implantation of Toric Posterior Chamber Phakic IOLs
Authors: He Chunchun , Joergensen Joern S. , Knorz Michael C. , McKay Keith N. , Zhang Fengju
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE:

To evaluate vision and corneal surface regularity after each step of a three-step surgical treatment of keratoconus and post–laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) ectasia (implantation of intracorneal ring segments [ICRS], corneal cross-linking [CXL], and implantation of toric intraocular contact lenses [ICLs]).

METHODS:

Thirty-one eyes of 24 patients with moderate to severe keratoconus and post-LASIK ectasia (stages II and III of Amsler–Krumeich classification) were included. All eyes underwent all three steps. The time interval between ICRS implantation and CXL was 4 to 6 weeks, and ICL implantation was performed 6 to 8 months after CXL. Visual acuity, refraction, and corneal topometric indices were evaluated with the Pentacam system (index of surface variance [ISV], index of vertical asymmetry [IVA], keratoconus index [KI], central keratoconus index [CKI], index of height asymmetry [IHA], index of height decentration [IHD], and corneal wavefront parameters [eg, higher order aberrations, spherical aberration, and coma]).

RESULTS:

Decimal uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) improved from 0.13 ± 0.17 preoperatively to 0.69 ± 0.18 at 1 year, whereas corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improved from 0.56 ± 0.24 to 0.80 ± 0.18, respectively. The topometric indices ISV, IVA, KI, and IHD also improved significantly, whereas CKI and IHA showed no significant improvement. Higher order aberrations, spherical aberration, and coma improved significantly compared to baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:

The combined use of ICRS, CXL, and ICL implantation significantly improves visual acuity, higher order aberrations, and corneal shape in moderate and severe keratoconus and post-LASIK ectasia.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(2):104–109.]
Cyber Crime Regulation, Challenges, and Response
Authors: Tiwari Sachin
Published: February 2020

The escalation of cybersecurity threats around the world transcends boundaries. Various non-state actors, criminal and terrorist organizations, and state entities exploit it for offensive means. Encryption and dark web are effective tools for conducting malicious activities while maintaining anonymity online. However, the definition and an elaborate understanding of cybersecurity and cybercrime remain contested at the global level. Multiple factors, including the legal, technical, and political issues, play an important part in the formation of diverse policy responses by states and international organizations. Despite limitations, various forms of collaboration have developed between the states, non-state actors, and investigation agencies. This article analyzes the meaning, nature of cybercrime legislation, and the scope of policy formation in the global narrative of cybersecurity. The article concludes with the proposed balanced multi-stakeholder model with equal inclusion of the developing countries in policy framework and capacity building initiatives for combatting cybercrime.
Social Media and Identity Theft Implications on Nigerian Victims and International Economy
Authors: Kayode-Adedeji Tolulope , Okeke Obianuju Victoria , Amodu Lanre , Fasanya Opeyemi , Okorie Nelson
Published: February 2020

This research was conducted with the sole aim of examining the implications of social media identity theft and level of awareness of security measures on social networking platforms. The survey and interview method of data gathering was employed and result revealed that the implication of social media identity theft on victims are rather negative than positive especially as a result of their lack of knowledge on the security measures necessary to employ in avoiding the implications that comes with the use of social media networking sites. The research recommend that the government make policies that will punish perpetrators and social media networking site owners begin to seek our ways to protect their users on those platforms and provide avenues to educate people to stay safe online for the future generation of online social media users.
Classification of Spamming Attacks to Blogging Websites and Their Security Techniques
Authors: Ur Rahman Rizwan , Verma Rishu , Bansal Himani , Singh Tomar Deepak
Published: February 2020

With the explosive expansion of information on the world wide web, search engines are becoming more significant in the day-to-day lives of humans. Even though a search engine generally gives huge number of results for certain query, the majority of the search engine users simply view the first few web pages in result lists. Consequently, the ranking position has become a most important concern of internet service providers. This article addresses the vulnerabilities, spamming attacks, and countermeasures in blogging sites. In the first part, the article explores the spamming types and detailed section on vulnerabilities. In the next part, an attack scenario of form spamming is presented, and defense approach is presented. Consequently, the aim of this article is to provide review of vulnerabilities, threats of spamming associated with blogging websites, and effective measures to counter them.
Social Media as Disruptive Technologies in an Era of Fake News
Authors: Kamga Osée
Published: February 2020

Since the Arab Spring (2010-2012), there has been a growing interest in the transformative power of social media, with a number of studies looking at its power to mobilize hitherto silent majority of the people, its ability to spread information at a lightning speed or to shape government-citizen relationship. This chapter is part of that trend, and it focuses specifically on Sub-Saharan Africa. It borrows Christensen's concept of “disruptive technologies” and uses it as a framework to analyze the processes of social media appropriation in the political field in that part of the continent. The chapter articulates ways in which social media are transforming the political landscape in the region and wonders about the outcome of these processes in the backdrop of the emerging and spreading of fake news.
Role of Social Media in Environmental Democracy
Authors: Lata Manju , Gupta Anu
Published: February 2020

Environmental democracy sets a standard for how decisions should be made. At its core, environmental democracy involves three mutually reinforcing rights that, while independently important, operate best in combination: the ability for people to freely access information on environmental quality and problems, to participate meaningfully in decision-making, and to seek enforcement of environmental laws or compensation for damages. There are three fundamental rights: Access to Information, Citizen Participation, and Access to Justice. Social media can certainly play a vital role in all three fundamental rights. This chapter identifies the role of social media in these three fundamental rights with respect to environmental democracy. The chapter introduces environmental democracy and associated challenges. It then builds a model based on social media to lead to successful environmental democracy campaigns.
Technological Developments in the Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Water
Authors: Kemmerich Magali
Published: February 2020

Emerging contaminants (ECs), which constitute a group of chemicals, such as personal care products, food additives, and endocrine disruptors, are not commonly monitored and have the potential to cause adverse effects on the environment and humans. In water, even at low concentrations, they pose risks to environmental health. Several technologies have been developed to determine these compounds; the most common ones are liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with analysis by gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). This chapter analyzes these methodologies and highlights their possibilities and limitations and compiles the most recent advances in this field.