bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
5 • La dinamica delle esportazioni e delle importazioni dell’ecosistema automotive italiano
Authors: Calabrese Giuseppe Giulio
Published: March 2023

Il presente capitolo analizza l’interscambio commerciale delle singole imprese selezionate dall’Osservatorio sulle trasformazioni dell’ecosistema automotive italiano, distinguendo, come è stato evidenziato nell’introduzione, da un lato le imprese che operano a vario titolo nella componentistica automotive italiana e dall’altro lato le imprese operanti nell’infrastruttura di rifornimento della ricarica elettrica. Ciascun macro-raggruppamento è stato a sua volta stratificato in termini di localizzazione macroregionale, dimensionamento secondo la classificazione adottata dall’Unione europea e specializzazione settoriale sulla base dei codici ATECO.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl blue by TiO2 Nanoparticles Incorporated in Cement
Authors: Alshabander Ban , Mays Bassim Abd-Alkader
Published: March 2023

In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles incorporated with cement were synthesis by a simple casting method as a function concentration of TiO2 (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, and 2 wt%). The prepared samples were characterized using the technique of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and UV-Visible spectrophotometer, which was used to measure the adsorption spectra. The observed photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) incorporated with cement was investigated by decomposing the dye methyl blue (MB) solution under sunlight irradiation. According to the slope, the value of the k constant at the best sample is 0.8wt%, k=0.8265 min-1. FESEM image of the TiO2/cement with 0.8 wt% content show the TiO2 NPs were well-attached to cement particles, and they covered the cement surface. The increase in photocatalytic (PC) activity was due to an increase of TiO2 concentration in the cement, which best occur of 0.8 wt% of TiO2 in cement. The degradation at the MB (5ppm) was 98.864 % after 120 min under sunlight irradiation. The method involves easily and simply preparing TiO2/cement that is used in self-cleaning and studying the effect of different festive factors, including the concentration of the dye. The preparation of TiO2/cement was successful as a photocatalyst for a self-cleaning surface.
FTIR and electrical behavior of blend electrolytes based on (PVA/PVP)
Authors: ALjubouri Fatima , Kadhim Jawad Mohammed
Published: March 2023

Solution cast method was used to create the polymer electrolytes. Under certain circumstances, the electrolyte content of polymers was determined using constant percent PVA/PVP(50:50),EC and PC (1:1) with various quantities of KI (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt. %) and iodine I2 = 10 % of salt wt. The complicated formation of polymer blends was validated by FTIR investigations. Electrical conductivity was measured using an impedance analyzer at frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 1MHz and temperatures ranging from 293 K to 343 K. At ambient temperature, an electrolyte with 50% KI content had a higher electrical conductivity value of 5.3 10-3 (S/cm). The magnitude of electrical conductivity increased as salt content and temperature rose. The blend electrolytes' greater dielectric at lower frequencies might be owing to the dipoles having enough time to align with the electric field, resulting in stronger polarisation. The reduction in activation energy (Ea) suggests that faster-conducting electrolytes prefer to move with less energy.
Theoretical Computation of Electron Density in Laser-Induced Carbon Plasma using Anisimov Model
Authors: Alhamadani Mohammed
Published: March 2023

In this work, electron number density was calculated using Matlab program code and the writing algorithm of the program. Electron density was calculated using the Anisimov model in a vacuum environment. The effect of spatial coordinates on the electron density was investigated in this study. It was found that the Z axis distance direction affects the electron number density (ne). There are many processes such as excitation, ionization, and recombination within the plasma that may affect the density of electrons. The results show that as Z axis distance increases electron number density decreases because of the recombination of electrons and ions at large distances from the target and the loss of thermal energy of the electrons at high distances with the progress of time and at a certain coordinate. The target is carbon (graphite). The results were selected in four dimensions where three of them belong to the spatial coordinates x, y, z and the fourth dimension is the electron density (ne).
Bandwidth Improvement of a Cone-Inverted Cylindrical and Cross Hybrids Dielectric Resonator Antennas
Authors: Areebi Nabeel , Jabir Jamal Nasir
Published: March 2023

This work employs the coaxial probe method to stack and excite two cone-inverted cylindrical and cross-hybrid dielectric resonator antennas at a standard operating resonant frequency of 5.438 GHz. A drawback of these standard Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) is their narrow bandwidth. For good antenna performance, a stacked DR geometry and a thick dielectric substrate with a low dielectric constant are desired since this provides large bandwidth, better radiation power, reduces conductor loss and reduces the nonappearance of surface waves. Many approaches, such as changing the shape of the dielectric resonator, have been used to enhance bandwidth. Using DRA, which has the lowest dielectric constant, increases the bandwidth and the electromagnetic energy. In the current work, bandwidth improvement was significantly achieved by the proposed geometry by varying the antenna size. A novel hybrid DRA configuration is used to increase the bandwidth of the antenna to 89.27% and 149.23% due to cone-inverted cylindrical and cross-hybrid dielectric resonator antennas, respectively. The DRA is designed numerically via the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Several parameters like return loss, input impedance (verified at ) and radiation pattern are calculated. Furthermore, the stacked-hybrid technique is used to enhance the antenna's performance, which is useful for broadband communication and the demand for wireless.
La Mota de los Judíos en Castrillo (Burgos). Recuperación de la riqueza patrimonial de una comunidad hispano judía en la Castilla Medieval
Authors: Palomino Lázaro Ángel L. , Centeno Cea Ines María , Negredo García María , Moratinos García Manuel
Published: February 2023

El pueblo de Castrillo se localiza a 48 km al oeste de la ciudad de Burgos, situándose en el sector septentrional de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León (España). Se trata de una pequeña localidad de apenas 50 habitantes, bien conocida en los medios de comunicación a partir de la iniciativa tomada en el año 2014 por su alcalde, Lorenzo Rodríguez, de promover, a través de un plebiscito popular, el cambio del nombre Castrillo Matajudíos por el de Castrillo Mota de Judíos que, como veremos, responde más a la realidad histórica del lugar.
Eğitim Fakültelerindeki Öğretmenlik Uygulaması Dersinin Öğrenci Uygulamaları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YÜCEL Aybüke Merve , MIZIKACI Fatma
Published: March 2023

Eğitim fakültesi dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin Öğretmenlik Uygulaması sürecindeki uygulamalarının kendi bildirimlerine göre değerlendirilmesini amaçlayan araştırmanın yöntemi nicel ve tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2018-2019 bahar yarıyılında Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 156 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, Öğretmenlik Uygulaması Dersi Ders Planlama ve Uygulama Durumları Ölçeği (ÖDPUÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Ölçek, planlama ve uygulama olarak iki alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistik, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve LSD testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersi sırasında öğretim süreci aşamalarını uygulama düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersi sırasında öğretim süreci aşamalarını uygulama düzeyleri, ders anlatım sayılarına ve uygulama öğretmeni tarafından izlenme sayılarına göre farklılaşmakta iken uygulama öğretim üyesi tarafından izlenme sayılarına bağlı değişim göstermemektedir. Araştırmanın diğer bir sonucuna göre, öğrencilerin Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersinde ders planlama aşamalarını uygulama düzeyleri, ders planı hazırlama sayılarına göre farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersi kapsamında izleme, denetleme, rehberlik ve değerlendirme etkinliklerinin iyileştirilmesi önemli görülmektedir
The Influence of Powerpoint-Based Discovery Learning Models on Biology Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Sariam Sariam , Harahap Hasmi Syahputra
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the Power Point-Based Discovery Learning learning model on the learning outcomes of biology students on the circulatory system material in humans at MAS PP Nurul Huda Bangai. The research method used is quantitative research in the form of Quasi Experimental Design using a pretest-posttest control design. The PowerPoint-based Discovery Learning learning model is taught in class XI-A and the conventional learning model is taught in class XI-B. The instrument used in this study was a multiple-choice test for student learning outcomes. The data analysis technique used in this study is the Mann-Whitney technique using the SPSS 23.0 for Windows program. The results showed that there was an effect of the Power Point-Based Discovery Learning learning model on the learning outcomes of biology students (P=0.000<0.05), with the average score and standard deviation of the posttest in the Discovery Learning class 77.97 ± 10,848 and the average value and the posttest standard deviation in the conventional class was 69.82 ± 5.348. The results of this study are expected that teachers can apply the Power Point-Based Discovery Learning learning model when teaching the circulation system material in humans to improve student learning outcomes.
Development of Geogebra Assisted Electronic Student Worksheets (E-Worksheets) to Improve Student Independent Learning
Authors: Susanti Vera Dewi , Wulandari Rika
Published: March 2023

This study aims to produce teaching materials in the form of Electronic Student Worksheets (e-Worksheets) in the Geogebra Assisted Basic Mathematics Study course to increase student learning independence. The method used in this study is a model 4-D which consists of four phases, namely the define, design, development, and the disseminate. But in this study only up to the stage of development. Data was collected through the provision of validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and learning outcomes tests after using e-Worksheets. The results of the study show that: (1) The results of the validation for GeoGebra-assisted e-Worksheets are 3.08; learning outcomes test of 2.78 and learning independence questionnaire of 3.45 by experts (validators); (2) The results of the class trial were limited to the aspect of the student response questionnaire to the Geogebra-assisted e-Worksheets obtaining a score of 78.3% while the class trial results of 76.8% met the practical criteria. (3) And the results of the class trial were limited to the aspect of the student learning outcomes test, it can be seen that the percentage of student learning completeness is 80.21% while the results of the field class trial are 78.47% which indicates that the Geogebra-assisted e-Worksheets can be said to be effective.
The Development of E-Comic Learning Media for Elementary School Mathematics Learning
Authors: Fahreza Vera , Sumilat Juliana M. , Anggraheni Dini , Wayansari Cinta , Leonard Leonard
Published: March 2023

This research aims to produce a mathematics learning media in e-comics for one year of learning in grade 2 elementary school. This research refers to the 4-D Development Model consisting of 4 steps, namely: (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop, and (4) disseminate. The validation test results from 2 material experts showed an average percentage of 94% and 97%, while the validation test of 2 media experts showed an average percentage of 97% and 92%. Based on these data, the E-Comic Learning Media is decent to use.
Analisis Permainan Petak Umpet dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Matematika pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Marini Marini , Murnaka Nerru Pranuta , Kusbiantari Dyah
Published: March 2023

Permainan petak umpet merupakan permainan tradisional Indonesia yang dapat digunakan untuk mengajarkan matematika pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menganalisis permainan  petak umpet  dalam meningkatkan kemampuan matematika pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah anak usia dini yang berada di Kota Semarang, Bekasi, dan Pekalongan. Metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui permainan petak umpet, anak dapat belajar tentang membilang bilangan secara urut 1 sampai 10; Membilang dengan benda; serta mengetahui banyak dan sedikit. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu bahwa pengenalan berbagai konsep matematika, khususnya terkait bilangan dapat dilakukan melalui permainan petak umpet bagi anak usia 2 hingga 6 tahun. Pada prakteknya, aturan main perlu disesuaikan kembali dengan usia dan perkembangan anak. Implikasi penelitian yaitu kegiatan bermain petak umpet dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar positif, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pendekatan pembelajaran matematika yang efektif bagi anak usia dini
Strategi Guru dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Huruf Hijaiyah Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Cahyanti Ike Nur , Katoningsih Sri
Published: March 2023

Penguasaan bahasa anak usia usia dini dapat bervariasi terutama saat mengenal huruf hijaiyah sebagai huruf Arab yang dipergunakan Indonesia menjadi bahasa kedua. Pemahaman huruf hijaiyah melalui metode iqro’ oleh guru terhadap anak usia dini di TK Al Huda Laweyan Surakarta. Riset berikut dijalankan berbentuk riset kualitatif yang sifatnya deskriptif. Tujuan riset berikut ialah guna mendapatkan data perihal kapabilitas dalam mengenali huruf hijaiyah anak usia dini lewat pembelajaran Iqro yang tengah dilangsungkan serta peranan orang tua dalam mendukung pemahaman bahasa lewat metode pembelajaran tersebut. Implementasi metode iqro' pengajar ketika pengenalan huruf hijaiyah terhadap anak usia dini terdiri dari anak melafalkan ataupun membaca huruf hijaiyah satu per satu di bawah bimbingan pengajar memakai buku iqro.
Foreign military intervention in the Caucasus in 1918-1920: the Ottoman, German and British empires
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Forestry Engineering University, Nataliya Dobryakova
Published: March 2023

The article examines the topics related to the armed intervention of three empires - the Ottoman, German and British on the territory of the Caucasus in 1918-1920. The reasons why these states implemented their foreign policy in the Northern Caucasus and Transcaucasian during the First World War and immediately after it are given. It is proved that the three empires had completely different motivations for invading the territory of the former Russian Empire in the Caucasus re-gion. If the Ottoman Empire first of all hatched revanchist plans to return the region that once be-longed to them to its state, using pan-Islamism and pan-Turkism as leverage, then the German Empire wanted to join the economic exploitation of the Caucasus, primarily the Baku oil fields. It is concluded that the most large-scale military intervention came from Great Britain, which was due to extensive pre-war investments in the oil industry of the Caucasus and, in this regard, the desire to protect their positions in this region, including by military means.
The classification of plaques during the pre-scythian era of the burial ground Zayukovo-3
Authors:   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Sci-entific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Anna Kadieva , Sergey Demidenko
Published: March 2023

This article presents the classification of one of the most common categories of burial equipment of the North Caucasus population during the pre-Scythian time: sewn plaques. These ornaments made of bronze and antimony were found at the Zayukovo-3 burial ground in the burials of the VIII–VII centuries BC. Departments are allocated based on the material, sub–departments accord-ing to the shape of the surface, types – according to the manufacturing technique. The place of plaques in the burial shows that none of the selected jewelry was used as buttons and the attribu-tion of plaques to such is a historiographical mistake. Most of the studied plaques (except for bronze hemispherical ones with a jumper (type Ia1a1) and a loop (type Ia2a) on the back, cease to exist in the middle of the VII century BC. Thus, the remaining plaques are a chrono-indicator of the terminus ante quem of the finale of the classical stage of the Koban culture and the beginning of the Scythian time.
The capital of North Ossetia, which did not become the center of the North Caucasus region
Authors:   Pyatigorsk State University, Victor Akopyan , Zaven Akopyan , Victor Ermakov
Published: March 2023

The authors of this article consider the problem of the transfer in 1936 of the administrative center of the North Caucasus Region from the resort city Pyatigorsk to Vladikavkaz, which shortly be-fore the mentioned event, was renamed Ordzhonikidze and became the capital of North Ossetia. Analyzing the decisions of the central and regional authorities, the materials of the periodical press of the North Caucasus, the authors conclude that the capital of the region from January 1, 1934 to May 26, 1937 with no interruption was actually and officially the city Pyatigorsk. The au-thors reveal a set of reasons for the cancellation of the earlier decision to move the North Cauca-sian center from Pyatigorsk to the capital of North Ossetia, and then to Stavropol, which became the center of the Ordzhonikidze region, but without autonomous republics.
The cooperation of Kabardino-Balkaria with the Circassian and Karachay-Balkarian foreign dias-poras at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century
Authors:   Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Anzor Kushkhabiev
Published: March 2023

This papers reveals that the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century foreign policy and foreign economic structures of the KBR (MFR KBR, KFEC KBR) and the Kabardino-Balkarian branch of the International Association «Rodina» for relations with compatriots abroad (KBBIAR) cooperated with the state country authorities of the Circassian and Karachay-Balkarian diasporas residence (Turkey, Jordan, Syria, etc.) and with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) of these diasporas in the economical, cultural, educational, scientific, sport, and other areas. The essence of the ideological work of the KBR MFR and KBBIAR was the informing and explanatory work on reforms in the Russian Federation and the peaceful foreign policy of the state. A number of treaties and agreements were concluded between the authorities of the KBR and the countries of compatriots residence. Dozens of foreign compatriots companies (FC) and joint ventures with their companies were opened in the republic. But cooperation between the KBR and the FC in the economic sphere has not been broadly developed due to the unstable socio-political and economic situation in the North Caucasus region and the lack of guarantees for the security of foreign prop-erty. The activities of the MFR KBR, KVEC KBR and KBBIAR (organization of cooperation with the countries of residence of the Circassian and Karachay-Balkarian diasporas and with NGOs of these diasporas in the above spheres; ideological work with the FC; supplying to FC printed, video and audio materials; broadcasting radio programs to the Circassian diasporas in the countries of the Middle East; organization of recreation for FC children in the republic’s children’s camps; train educating of FC youth in the universities of the KBR), carried out in cooperation with the state authorities of the Russian Federation, was generally effective: it largely contributed to the preservation of the ethno-cultural specifics of the Circassian and Karachay-Balkarian foreign di-asporas, the study of the Russian language and Russian culture by a considerable number of FC, the growth of pro-Russian position among them. The cooperation of the KBR with the countries of FC residence, mainly with Jordan, Syria and Turkey, contributed to the strengthening and devel-opment of friendly relations between the Russian Federation and these countries.
Adyghe social terminology based on the materials of the ethnographic expedition of E.N. Stu-denetskaya to the Kabardian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1947)
Authors:   Russian Museum of Ethnography, Ritsa Zelnitskaya , Zaurbek Kozhev ,   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

The publication continues the introduction into scientific circulation of the report on the field eth-nographic work in Kabarda by E.N. Studenetskaya. When considering the report fragment, prima-ry attention was paid to the social structure of Kabardian society issue, which was one of its key topics. In his report, the author describes thoroughly the social roles of representatives of all clas-ses, gives information about the rights and duties of the privileged and dependent estates. Signifi-cant attention is paid to the forms of capture and the fate of the prisoners, since one of the depend-ent estates was also formed from them. The field material is oral histories, which in the middle of the XX century continued to be preserved in the memory of old-timers. An important circum-stance that influenced the nature and structure of the collected material was that the informants of E.N. Studenetskaya belonged to the descendants of dependent groups of the local population. The report’s publishers pay the most important attention to native social terminology used in it, since the fixation of the material was complicated by the periodic absence of an interpreter, ignorance of the language by the researcher, as well as the conditions for translating the collected material into printed form, which was carried out by a typist who also does not speak Kabardian. The need to clarify the details related to social terminology is because there is still no complete clarity on the internal social stratification of traditional Kabardian society.
Nogais of the Azov region as an example of the imperial policy on the sedenterization of nomadic societies at the end of the 18th – 60s of the 19th century
Authors:   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Aigul Dzhumagulova ,   Stavropol state pedagogical Institute (branch in Yessentuki)
Published: March 2023

The article researches the transition of Nogai nomadic societies, transferred by the supreme cen-tral authorities of the Russian Empire at the end of the XVIII century from the Pre-Caucasian and Pre-Kuban prairies to the Melitopol district of the Taurida region to a settled state. This article reveals the climatic, socio-economic and political factors influencing the successful process of transition of nomadic societies into a settled state at the beginning of the XIX century. Particular attention is paid to the role of the central and regional apparatus of state authorities on the trans-formation of traditional forms of life, everyday life and economic sectors of the Nogais and the period of their adaptation to the general imperial realities. The author draws attention to the suc-cessful results of the sedentarization of nomadic Nogais implemented by the Russian administra-tion in the first quarter of the XIX century cannot be assessed unambiguously, because of the mass exodus of Nogais living in the Tauride province to the Ottoman Empire in the 60s of the XIX cen-tury.
Riddles as a means of conceptualization of the surrounding world (by the material of Karachay-Balkarian folklore)
Authors:   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Sci-entific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Farizat Gulieva
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the research of Karachay-Balkarian riddles in the aspect of displaying objects and phenomena of the natural world, everyday life, the person himself, as well as concepts related to the material and spiritual culture of the ethnic group. The work emphasizes the evalua-tive, descriptive nature of the considered folklore units, identifies the means and ways of concep-tualizing the guessing objects. These include metaphor, metonymy, comparison, antithesis, per-sonification, etc., which can be used both individually and in combination. The analysis of the Ka-rachay-Balkarian riddles allows us to assert that they enshrine, in an allegorical form, a complex of religious, aesthetic, moral and ethical ideas of the ethnos, reflect the features of its worldview, attitude. The study of the works of this genre, their popularization not only contribute to the inter-generational transmission of the cultural and historical experience of the people, but also help to reveal more deeply the specifics of the linguistic picture of the world of the Karachays and Bal-kars. Of no small importance is the pedagogical, educational potential inherent in riddles, that help the development of artistic, figurative, logical thinking of children and adults.
The main stages of formation and development of the literary karachay-balkarian language (to the 100th anniversary of formation of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic)
Authors:   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Sci-entific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhti Ulakov , Boris Musukov
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of the literary Karachay-Balkar language history over the past hundred years. An overview of its study is given, current problems of functioning are outlined, and prospects for further improvement are determined. A multi-aspect analysis of the studied language is conducted, considering the main, crucial publica-tions for the period under review. The fundamental projects “Explanatory dictionary of the Kara-chay-Balkarian language” and “Modern Karachay-Balkarian language” stand out as special achievements of Karachay-Balkarian linguistics. A new periodization of the development of the literary Karachay-Balkar language and its evolution into the status of the state language is pro-posed. Attention is drawn to the tasks considered for philologists to determine, at the junction of humanitarian disciplines, the specific contribution of the classics of the Balkar and Karachay lit-eratures to strengthen the norms of the language being studied. Attention is paid to the develop-ment of issues related to writing, alphabet, spelling and terminology. For the further successful functioning of the native language, it is necessary to improve the very practice of creating com-plex studies, its method, and the unification of lexical norms. The expediency of developing scien-tific principles for the selection of linguistic phenomena is indicated, considering regional charac-teristics. The perspective possibilities of expansion of functions provided by the official status of “literary language” in two constituent entities of the Russian Federation are substantiated: the Ka-bardino-Balkarian and Karachay-Cherkess republics.
Indicative mood in the Kabardino-Circassian Language.
Authors:   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Sci-entific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zalina Khezheva
Published: March 2023

The article presents a detailed analysis of the indicative mood in the Kabardino-Circassian lan-guage. In the study's course, a comparative-historical method was used with the involvement of the language material of the closely related Adyghe language. The study was carried out based on the author’s monographic work “Semantic and grammat-ical characteristics of the mood category in the Kabardian-Circassian language”, where the indica-tive expressing indicative semantics is characterized, considering such universal categories as modality and temporality. In the list of indirect moods, the indicative mood is distinguished by the greatest completeness of the system of word-change forms and expresses the reality of the action in all tense forms. The methods used in the work are based on the tradition of synchronous description, as well as on the theoretical understanding of the category of mood and modality in the works of re-searchers working in Iberian-Caucasian linguistics. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the indicative in tandem with the cat-egory of time with the definition of morphological indicators. It is concluded that besides the main modality inherent in these forms out of context, Kabardian-Circassian verbs in the indicative mood can have various modal shades that characterize the action from the point of view of its re-lation to reality. An important innovation of the article is the use of a new national linguistic terminology developed by Doctor of Philology B.Ch. Bizhoev.
Association of regions, ethnos and faiths: service chelyabinsk turks-nagaybaki (discussions are ongoing). Review of the monograph: "Belorussova S.Yu. Nagaybaki: dynamics of ethnicity. - St. Petersburg: publishing house MAE RAS, 2019. - 424 S." and other publications of the author
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, namеd of V.N. Tatishchev, Victor Victorin
Published: March 2023

The review of the book “Nagaybaks: Dynamics of Ethnicity” (SPb, 2019) and other publications of the author and her supervisor is appropriate for broad discussions further, because it considers a good and original work of a young researcher, with only a few (albeit significant) comments. Our common object has become an unusual Turkic, serving ethnic group, connecting the problems of the era, scientific efforts, ethnic groups, religions, and even (which is rarely focused on) the regions of the Russian Federation and the CIS, the Baltics. The author, having structured the presentation in her own way, gave a complete overview of the traditional culture of the Nagaybaks. The helpful moment is the connection of typical ethnic material with biographical data and with new computer (up to “virtual”) information. The “project” method of the author’s analytics has also become very productive. The shortcomings should be considered the author’s adherence to the immediately given non-controversial scheme, the inexhaustibility of the previously presented literature, some hasty judgments. So, the reviewer’s version about the Nogais turned out to be annoyingly distorted. But the idea of the ethnogenetic unity of the Nogais and Nagaibaks, mistakenly attributed to the reviewer, still gives reason to consider in more detail the ties between the regions of the South of Russia (the North Caucasus, the Lower Volga region and the Southern Urals), as well as analogies in the internal structure of the local ethno-confessional groups: the Nagaibaks and Mozdok Kabardins, the Ossetians and Tats of different religions, as well as the Orthodox - Kalmyks serving as Cossacks both in the south of the Urals, and earlier on the Terek river near the city of Kizlyar. As a result, the author remained underwritten by the combination of religions and beliefs in the Nagaybak environment, the adaptation process of other ethnic elements (including in connection with the main formerly ritual holiday). The reviewer is sure, however, that the enthusiastic and detailed work of his younger colleague is an important contribution to science and deserves, with particular reservations, a very high appreciation, paving the way for intensive ethno-regional and inter-regional research in the foreseeable future.
"Free Kabardian’s" in the context of Russian Turkish and Ottoma-Circassianc relations in the first half of the 19th century based on russian and ottoman sources
Authors:   Abkhaz Institute for Humanitarian Research named after DI. Gulia Academy of Sci-ences of Abkhazia, Aslanbek Mirzoev , Mekhmet-Riza Zhanak
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the role and significance of Khadzhret Kabarda in the history of the national liberation movement of the Circassian people during the Caucasian War. The Khajrets, having an effective military organization, showing high military activity in this sub-region of the North-Western Caucasus for several decades, had an influence disproportionate to their numbers among the peoples beyond the Kuban. The Russian Empire took all measures to neutralize this factor, and the Ottoman Empire used it in its geopolitical interests. The leaders of the Kabardian Khajrets, well aware of the bureaucratic structure of the Ottoman Empire, were in constant contact with the Ottoman Porte. Based on Russian and Ottoman sources, new aspects of Ottoman-Circassian rela-tions are revealed, the chronological framework for the beginning of the resettlement of Circassi-ans to Turkey is specified. Pre-revolutionary Russian and modern historiography attribute the be-ginning of the resettlement process to 1858. Documents from the Ottoman archives, first pub-lished in the article, indicate that this process took place as early as 1835. They also make it pos-sible to identify among the migrants a new category of persons – refugees, which should be dis-tinguished from other categories that appeared later – emigrants and displaced persons.
Mining entrepreneurship in the Kabardian (Nalchik) district in the 1870 s and 1880 s.: the case of the Freightman-Leev company
Authors:   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Timur Dzuganov
Published: March 2023

The article examines the history of the first resource extraction enterprise in Kabardian (Nalchik) district in the post-reform period. In the coal's company example, Frechtman-Liev, the conditions of functioning of private entrepreneurship in the sphere of mining and processing of mineral re-sources are revealed, as well as the key moments that hindered the development of this industry. The revealed documents and materials allow to look in a new light at the specificity of realization of a private commercial initiative in the mining branch of the region, to realize the basic stages and the characteristic features of development of this direction of economy at a turn of XIX-XX centuries more deeply. Based on archival sources, determines the invalidity of theses about the negative role of “colonial policy” and “tsarist administration” as determinants of these processes. The negative role of the existing contradictions between the Caucasian administration, officials of the Mining Administration, and the Congress of the trustees of Kabarda and the Five Mountain Societies on the order of exploitation of mineral deposits on public lands is noted.
Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Suggestions for Preparing a Country Autonomous Cars
Authors: Ghafoor Laiba
Published: March 2023

Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Suggestions for Preparing a CountryAutonomous Cars
Power Generation Footstep
Authors: Hafeez Farrukh
Published: March 2023

Power Generation Footstep
Cross-cultural relationships between music, emotion, and visual imagery: A comparative study of Iran, Canada, and Japan [Stage 1 Registered Report]
Authors: Hadavi Shafagh , Kuroda Junji , Shimozono Taiki , Leongómez Juan David , Savage Patrick E.
Published: March 2023

Many people experience emotions and visual imagery while listening to music. Previous research has identified cross-modal associations between musical and visual features as well as cross-cultural links between music and emotion and between music and visual imagery. However, few studies have simultaneously investigated cross-cultural links between music, visual imagery, and emotion in order to distinguish the role of cultural experiences in contrast to more widespread perceptual capabilities. In this study, we investigate the relationship between emotional arousal and visual density induced by 6 musical excerpts differing in tempo and texture (solo vs group) in 72 participants from Japan, Iran, and Canada (24 each). We hypothesize that there are cross-culturally consistent relationships between tempo changes and 1) visual density associations, and 2) arousal ratings. The aim of this study is to understand whether relationships between music, emotion, and visual imagery are cross-culturally consistent.
Behavioral signatures of the rapid recruitment of long-term memory to overcome working memory capacity limits
Authors: Adam Kirsten C. S. , Zhao Chong , Vogel Edward K.
Published: March 2023

Working- and long-term memory are often studied in isolation. To better understand the specific limitations of working memory, effort is made to reduce the potential influence of long-term memory on performance in working memory tasks (e.g., asking participants to remember artificial, abstract items rather than familiar real-world objects). However, in everyday life we use working- and long-term memory in tandem. Here, our goal was to characterize how long-term memory can be recruited to circumvent capacity limits in a typical visual working memory task (i.e., remembering colored squares). Prior work has shown that incidental repetitions of working memory arrays often do not improve visual working memory performance – even after dozens of incidental repetitions, working memory performance often shows no improvement for repeated arrays. Here, we used a whole-report working memory task with explicit rather than incidental repetitions of arrays. In contrast to prior work with incidental repetitions, in two behavioral experiments we found that explicit repetitions of arrays yielded robust improvement to working memory performance, even after a single repetition. Participants performed above chance at recognizing repeated arrays in a later long-term memory test, consistent with the idea that long-term memory was used to rapidly improve performance across array repetitions. Finally, we analyzed inter-item response times and we found a unique pattern that only emerged after the array was repeated (significant slowing after 2-3 items); thus, we propose that inter-item response times may be useful for examining the coordinated interaction of visual working- and long-term memory in future work.
Frequency and Predictability Effects for Line Final Words
Authors: Parker Adam James , Slattery Timothy J.
Published: March 2023

Computational models of eye movement control during reading have revolutionized the study of visual, perceptual, and linguistic processes underlying reading. However, these models can only simulate and test predictions about the reading of single lines of text. Here we report two studies that examined how placeholders for lexical processing (frequency and predictability) influence the processing of line-final words. The first study was a linear mixed-effects analysis of the Provo Corpus, which included data for 84 readers reading 55 multi-line texts. The second study was a pre-registered eye movement experiment, where 32 participants read 128 items where frequency, predictability, and position (intra-line vs line-final) were orthogonally manipulated. Both studies were consistent in showing that reading times were shorter on line-final words. While there was mixed evidence for frequency and predictability effects in the Provo Corpus, our experimental data confirmed additive effects of frequency and predictability for line-final words which did not differ from those for intra-line words. We conclude that while models that make additive assumptions about the role of frequency and predictability may be better suited to modelling the current findings, additional assumptions are required if models are to be capable of modelling shorter reading times on line-final words.
Determinants of maternal near-miss event’s among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospital: A case–control study
Authors: Patond Rutuja , Pawar Ramesh , Chaudhary Sanjeev , Puri Mahesh , Balkar Vijay
Published: March 2023

Background: Women who have survived complications during pregnancy and childbirth have been studied as surrogates of maternal deaths and have been termed as maternal near-miss. Study of such cases is considered a less threatening approach to improve maternal health care by the service providers. With this tool, we will be able to identify the delays. As near-miss occurs much more frequently than maternal deaths, a more reliable quantitative analysis can provide a comprehensive profile of the health system functioning. Near-misses are relatively simpler to analyze and easier to resolve. This knowledge will help in identifying the contributory factors of maternal deaths so that actions can be taken at community and health systems level.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determinants of maternal near-miss event’s among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: This was a case–control study, conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Government Medical College, Akola from January 2019 to January 2021. One hundred and twenty-five cases and 375 controls were included in the present study using EPI INFO in 2 years. Cases of near-miss events from hospital during study was identified and included in the study.
Results: In this study, a total of 500 persons were questioned (125 cases and 375 controls), with a 100% response rate. The average ages of the cases and controls were 26.5 (4.42) and 29 (59.9) years, respectively. Pre-existing medical disorders were substantially linked to maternal near miss (MNM). More over half of the patients (59.2%) and less than a third of the controls (23.21%) had a history of at least one pre-existing medical condition. After adjusting in the multivariate logistic regression model, multigravida, lack of antenatal care, induction of labor, and delays in reaching hospital were positively associated with a MNM. For instance, those mothers who were pregnant for the 2nd–4th times (AOR: 4.94 [95% CI: 1.46–16.8]) and more or equal to 5 times (AOR: 3.84 [95% CI: 1.23–11.91]) were nearly five-fold and four-fold more likely to experience MNM events respectively.
Conclusion: The factors that were found to be significant in our study are non-modifiable risk factors for maternal near-miss occurrences. These events can be prevented and mitigated by early detection and proper prenatal care.
Attenuation of hemodynamic pressor response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation by intravenous fentanyl in elective surgery under general anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial using three different doses
Authors: Hazra Rajdip , Syiem Yarilang Rozanna , Maitra Sanjay , Chakraborty Sisir , Sarkar Manabendra
Published: March 2023

Background: Direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation elicit hemodynamic pressor responses which may be hazardous in high risk patients. Fentanyl, a low cost synthetic opioid, when used judiciously, may be a good option to attenuate this stress response.
Aims and Objectives: The present study has been conducted to compare the efficacy of three different doses of intravenous fentanyl in attenuation of hemodynamic pressor response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in elective surgery under general anesthesia.
Materials and Methods: It was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. A total of 90 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, 55 male and 35 female, aged between 20 and 55 years, were randomized into three groups receiving 2, 3, and 4 μg/kg of injection fentanyl, respectively, administered intravenously 5 min before direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
Results: There were significant differences in hemodynamic variables among all three groups at 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after endotracheal intubation. Just after endotracheal intubation; heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and diastolic arterial pressure – all these variables showed significance between 3 μg/kg and 4 μg/kg groups only. Incidence of nausea/vomiting showed statistical significance between 2 μg/kg and 4 μg/kg groups only.
Conclusion: In our double-blinded randomized controlled trial, 4 μg/kg of injection fentanyl administered 5 min before laryngoscopy and intubation, has showed superior efficacy in suppressing hemodynamic stress responses associated with it. Further, larger trials are needed to confirm our findings.
A retrospective and observational study of urological anomalies in anorectal malformation in children at a tertiary care center in Telangana
Authors: Srinivas Srirampur  , Kavimozhy Ilakkiya Poyyamozhy  , Kumbha Nagarjuna
Published: March 2023

Background: Anorectal malformations (ARM) are one of the common congenital abnormalities in a pediatric surgical unit. Urological anomalies occur frequently with ARM and the incidence increases with increasing complexity of ARM having dramatic impact on quality of life.
Aims and Objectives: This study is done with an objective to know the incidence of various urological anomalies in ARM and comparing our observation with existing literature.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in Pediatric Surgical unit, Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Secunderabad, from January 2017 to December 2021 based on the records of 45 patients who were diagnosed to have ARM with urological anomalies. Incidence of urological anomalies in ARM is studied with respect to demographic data and pattern of coexistence.
Results: Total number of ARM cases noted during the period of study was 101, of which 45 cases had associated urological anomalies and these 45 cases were taken in this study. The overall incidence of urological anomalies was 42.5%. The incidence of urological anomalies was significantly swelled up in high ARM when compared with low lesion. Vesicoureteric reflux and hydroureteronephrosis were the most common anomalies observed in our study.
Conclusion: The high incidence of associated urological anomalies necessitates standardized protocol of investigating all ARM patients as it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis warrants timely intervention and prevents upper urinary tract deterioration.