bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Mesoporous Silica by Nonionic Surfactant Micelle–Templated Gelation of Na2SiO3 and H2SiF6 and Application as a Catalyst Carrier for the Partial Oxidation of CH4
Authors: Park Kyeong-Won , Kim Jin-Young , Seo Ho-Joon , Kwon Oh-Yun
Published: September 2019

Mesoporous silica (MSPN12) was prepared by nonionic surfactant micelle–templated gelation of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and fluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6) in aqueous solution, characterized by a range of instrumental techniques, and tested as a support for Ni and Rh catalysts in the partial oxidation of methane (POM). Calcined and sintered MSPN12 exhibited well-defined d00l-spacings (3.5–4.39 nm), narrow pore distributions (2.4–3.1 nm), and large specific surface areas (552–1,246 m2 g−1), and was found to be highly thermally stable. Microscopic imaging revealed that MSPN12 comprised spherical particles with a uniform diameter of ~0.7 µm, with each particle featuring firm and regular honeycomb-type pores. MSPN12-loaded Ni and Rh maintained stable POM activity at 700 °C during almost 100 h on stream, which were comparable to those for the commercial Rh(5)/Al2O3 catalyst in terms of methane conversion and H2 formation selectivity. Thus, the combination of structural stability and favorable physicochemical properties resulted in good POM performance.
Clinical Value of Lymph Node Ratio Integration with the 8th Edition of the UICC TNM Classification and 2015 ATA Risk Stratification Systems for Recurrence Prediction in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Lee Jandee , Lee Seul Gi , Kim Kwangsoon , Yim Seung Hyuk , Ryu Haengrang , Lee Cho Rok , Kang Sang Wook , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee-Hyun , Chung Woong Youn , Jo Young Suk
Published: September 2019

Recently, the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification and the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) TNM staging system were released. This study was conducted to assess the clinical value of the lymph node ratio (LNR) as a predictor of recurrence when integrated with these newly released stratification systems, and to compare the predictive accuracy of the modified systems with that of the newly released systems. The optimal LNR threshold value for predicting papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) recurrence was 0.17857 using the Contal and O’Quigley method. The 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system with the LNR and the 2015 ATA risk stratification system with the LNR were significant predictors of recurrence. Furthermore, calculation of the proportion of variance explained (PVE), the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Harrell’s c index, and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) revealed that the 8th edition of the TNM staging system with the LNR, and the 2015 ATA risk stratification system with the LNR, showed the best predictive performance. Integration of the LNR with the TNM staging and the ATA risk stratification systems should improve prediction of recurrence in patients with PTC.
Association of ambient temperature with the outcomes in witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: a population-based observational study
Authors: Ahn Chiwon , Kim Jihoon , Kim Wonhee , Kim In Young , Choi Hyun Young , Kim Jae Guk , Kim Bongyoung , Moon Shinje , Shin Hyungoo , Lee Juncheol
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to identify the association between ambient temperature (AT) and patient outcome of witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring outdoors. This retrospective nationwide, population-based cohort study recruited witnessed adult OHCA patients in South Korea from January 2012 to December 2016. Meteorological data of 17 metropolitan cities and provinces were retrieved from the Korea Meteorological Administration database. Primary outcome was sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in hospital. Secondary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. By the standard of quartile categories of AT (Q1 = 7.1 °C; Q2 = 17.7 °C; Q3 = 23.5 °C), three comparative analyses for ROSC and survival were performed between low and high AT groups. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed for both AT groups. Among the 142,906 OHCA patients, 1,295 were included. In the multivariate analysis for matched groups by the standard of 7.1 °C (Q1), proportion of ROSC was significantly higher in the high AT-Q1 group than in the low AT-Q1 group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–3.44). No significant difference in survival was shown between both AT-Q1 groups (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 0.61–2.52). In the standard of 17.7 °C (Q2) and 23.5 °C (Q3), no significant differences in ROSC and survival were found between the low and high AT groups. In conclusion, no obvious correlation existed between AT and patient outcomes such as sustained ROSC or survival to discharge in this study.
Colletotrichum shisoi sp. nov., an anthracnose pathogen of Perilla frutescens in Japan: molecular phylogenetic, morphological and genomic evidence
Authors: Gan P. , Tsushima A. , Hiroyama R. , Narusaka M. , Takano Y. , Narusaka Y. , Kawaradani M. , Damm U. , Shirasu K.
Published: September 2019

Species of the fungal genus Colletotrichum are among the most devastating pathogens of agricultural crops in the world. Based on DNA sequence data (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, ACT, TUB2) and morphology, we revealed Colletotrichum isolates infecting the oil crop Perilla frutescens, commonly known as shiso, to represent a previously unknown species of the C. destructivum species complex and described it as C. shisoi. We found that C. shisoi appears to be able to adopt a hemibiotrophic lifestyle, characterised by the formation of biotrophic hyphae followed by severe necrotic lesions on P. frutescens, but is less virulent on Arabidopsis, compared to its close relative C. higginsianum which also belongs to the C. destructivum species complex. The genome of C. shisoi was sequenced, annotated and its predicted proteome compared with four other Colletotrichum species. The predicted proteomes of C. shisoi and C. higginsianum, share many candidate effectors, which are small, secreted proteins that may contribute to infection. Interestingly, C. destructivum species complex-specific secreted proteins showed evidence of increased diversifying selection which may be related to their host specificities.
Circularly polarized luminescence of single-handed helical tetraphenylethylene–silica nanotubes
Authors: Cai Xinye , Du Jun , Zhang Lianglin , Li Yi , Li Baozong , Li Hongkun , Yang Yonggang
Published: September 2019

A supramolecular templating approach was employed to fabricate single-handed helical tetraphenylethylene-bridged polybissilsesquioxane nanotubes with circularly polarized luminescence activity.
Utilizing an autogenously protective atmosphere to synthesize a Prussian white cathode with ultrahigh capacity-retention for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Dong Jiahui , Lei Yu , Han Da , Wang Huwei , Zhai Dengyun , Li Baohua , Kang Feiyu
Published: September 2019

Prussian white with ultrahigh capacity-retention was synthesized by utilizing an autogenously protective atmosphere.
Upgrading of furfural to biofuel precursors via aldol condensation with acetone over magnesium hydroxide fluorides MgF2−x(OH)x
Authors: Xu Minrui , Célérier Stéphane , Comparot Jean-Dominique , Rousseau Julie , Corbet Matthieu , Richard Frédéric , Clacens Jean-Marc
Published: September 2019

MgF2−x(OH)x catalysts involving neighboring Lewis acid sites and moderate strength basic sites were used successfully in aldol condensation of furfural.
Two is better than one: difunctional high-affinity PSMA probes based on a [CpM(CO)3] (M = Re/99mTc) scaffold
Authors: Frei Angelo , Fischer Eliane , Childs Bradley Covington , Holland Jason P. , Alberto Roger
Published: September 2019

Multifunctional cyclopentadiene ligands are used to prepare difunctional and monofunctional, PSMA-targeting Re(i) and 99mTc(i) complexes. The difunctional rhenium complex is shown to bind the PSMA with an order of magnitude lower KD.
Synthesis, structure and anion binding properties of 1,8-bis(dimesitylboryl)anthracene and its monoborylated analog
Authors: Teerasarunyanon Ratanakorn , Wilkins Lewis C. , Park Gyeongjin , Gabbaï François P.
Published: September 2019

1,8-Bis(dimesitylboryl)anthracene binds the toxic fluoride and cyanide anion to afford the corresponding 1 : 1 complexes that display a red shifted emission in the green part of the spectrum.
Ca10Na10[Te9O42](H2O): a hydrothermally synthesized quaternary tellurium(vi) oxide containing edge-sharing octahedral trimers
Authors: Zhang Li-Yun , Lii Kwang-Hwa
Published: September 2019

A tullurate containing a new type of finite oligomer with Te6+ only was synthesized by a high-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal method.
Atmosphere-terrestrial exchange of gaseous elemental mercury: parameterization improvement through direct comparison with measured ecosystem fluxes
Authors: Khan T. R. , Obrist D. , Agnan Y. , Selin N. E. , Perlinger J. A.
Published: September 2019

The resistance-based models combined with a new soil re-emission parameterization reproduce the observed diel and seasonal patterns of Hg0exchange.
Insights into the adsorption mechanism and dynamic behavior of tetracycline antibiotics on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene oxide (GO) materials
Authors: Ai Yuejie , Liu Yang , Huo Yingzhong , Zhao Chaofeng , Sun Lu , Han Bing , Cao Xinrui , Wang Xiangke
Published: September 2019

Adsorption mechanism and dynamic behavior studies of TCs by the DFT method and MD simulations.
Enhanced chemical and physical properties of PEDOT doped with anionic polyelectrolytes prepared from acrylic derivatives and application to nanogenerators
Authors: Ko Eui Jin , Hong Jisu , Park Chan Eon , Moon Doo Kyung
Published: September 2019

Piezoelectric nanogenerators with two types of novel PEDOT composites doped with crosslinkable anionic polyelectrolytes showed high performance.
Overall water splitting and hydrogen peroxide synthesis by gold nanoparticle-based plasmonic photocatalysts
Authors: Tada Hiroaki
Published: September 2019

“Solar hydrogen and oxygen cycles” involving hydrogen (H2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the key compounds, respectively, can be driven by gold nanoparticle-based plasmonic photocatalysts.
Enhancement of photoelectrochemical organics degradation and power generation by electrodeposited coatings of g-C3N4 and graphene on TiO2 nanotube arrays
Authors: Halevy Shuli , Korin Eli , Bettelheim Armand
Published: September 2019

Power is generated during organics photoelectrochemical degradation using electrodeposited coatings of g-C3N4 or graphene on TiO2 nanotube arrays.
Diastereoselective multi-component tandem condensation: synthesis of 2-amino-4-(2-furanone)-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Sahu Debashish , Jain Shailja , Vanka Kumar , Singh Ravi P.
Published: September 2019

Highly syn-selective unification of three components (salicylaldehyde, malononitrile and butenolides) in the presence of sodium tert-butoxide has been realised. The reaction proceeds via a tandem Knoevenagel/Pinner/vinylogous Michael condensation.
Selectfluor™-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of ynamides enables facile synthesis of oxazolidine-2,4-diones
Authors: He Guangke , Li Yuan , Yu Zilun , Chen Zhaoqiang , Tang Yongming , Song Guangliang , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: September 2019

A Selectfluor™-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of ynamides employing DMSO as the solvent and oxidant was achieved, affording oxazolidine-2,4-diones in moderate to excellent yields with high chemo-selectivity. The method offers an attractive alternative to existing protocols.
Discovery of novel 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole phenylalanine derivatives as HIV-1 capsid inhibitors
Authors: Jiang Xiangyi , Wu Gaochan , Zalloum Waleed A. , Meuser Megan E. , Dick Alexej , Sun Lin , Chen Chin-Ho , Kang Dongwei , Jing Lanlan , Jia Ruifang , Cocklin Simon , Lee Kuo-Hsiung , Liu Xinyong , Zhan Peng
Published: September 2019

Novel phenylalanine derivatives were discovered as HIV-1 capsid protein inhibitors via “click reaction”. Most of them exhibited remarkable anti-HIV-1 activity.
Shifting the equilibrium of methanol synthesis from CO2 by in situ absorption using ionic liquid media
Authors: Reichert Jenny , Maerten Stephanie , Meltzer Katharina , Tremel Alexander , Baldauf Manfred , Wasserscheid Peter , Albert Jakob
Published: September 2019

A promising way to increase the methanol yields in CO2 hydrogenation significantly up to 60% by in situ sorption of methanol and water in alkali salt-doped ionic liquids (ILs) is demonstrated.
An overview on the recent developments of Ag-based electrodes in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Mahyoub Samah A. , Qaraah Fahim A. , Chen Chengzhen , Zhang Fanghua , Yan Shenglin , Cheng Zhenmin
Published: September 2019

A diagram illustrating the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO on Ag-based electrode nanostructures.
Azadirachta indica leaf-extract-assisted synthesis of CoO–NiO mixed metal oxide for application in a microbial fuel cell as a cathode catalyst
Authors: Noori Md. T. , Tiwari B. R. , Ghangrekar M. M. , Min Booki
Published: September 2019

In this study, a highly efficient yet low-cost mixed transition metal oxide of Ni and Co as CoO–NiO was synthesized using Azadirachta indica leaf extract as a bioactive chelating agent.
Revealing structural evolution of PbS nanocrystal catalysts in electrochemical CO2 reduction using in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Liu Chang , Brosnahan John T. , Zhou Hua , Xu Wenqian , Zhang Sen
Published: September 2019

In situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction studies reveal reaction environment-induced PbS–PbCO3–Pb evolution under eCO2RR conditions. The produced Pb nanocatalyst exhibits 97.6% FE (−1.2 V) and 74.9 mA mgPb−1 MA (−1.4 V).
Coupling efficient biomass upgrading with H2 production via bifunctional CuxS@NiCo-LDH core–shell nanoarray electrocatalysts
Authors: Deng Xiaohui , Kang Xiaomin , Li Mei , Xiang Kun , Wang Cheng , Guo ZaiPing , Zhang Jiujun , Fu Xian-Zhu , Luo Jing-Li
Published: September 2019

Facilely prepared CuxS@NiCo-LDH core–shell nanoarray electrocatalysts exhibit superior bifunctionality towards electrochemical HMF oxidation and H2 production.
Colloidal nanoparticle inks for printing functional devices: emerging trends and future prospects
Authors: Zeng Minxiang , Zhang Yanliang
Published: September 2019

Emerging trends and future prospects for nanoparticle synthesis and colloidal ink formulation, additive printing processes, and functional devices are highlighted.
Reversible formation of networked porous Sb nanoparticles during cycling: Sb nanoparticles encapsulated in a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix with nanorod structures for high-performance Li-ion batteries
Authors: Feng Ping , Cui Zhe , He Shu-Ang , Liu Qian , Zhu Jinqi , Xu Chaoting , Zou Rujia , Hu Junqing
Published: September 2019

Due to networked porous formation of Sb nanoparticles after delithiation, the Sb@N-CM nanorods anode exhibits a high reversible capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent rate capability.
Engineering a multiphasic, integrated graft with a biologically developed cartilage–bone interface for osteochondral defect repair
Authors: Nie Xiaolei , Chuah Yon Jin , He Pengfei , Wang Dong-An
Published: September 2019

Tissue engineering is a promising approach to repair osteochondral defects, yet successful reconstruction of different layers in an integrated graft, especially the interface remains challenging.
Controllable fabrication of stimuli-responsive fluorescent silica nanoparticles using a tetraphenylethene-functionalized carboxylate gemini surfactant
Authors: Yan Saisai , Gao Zhinong , Han Jia , Zhang Zhengqin , Niu Fei , Zhang Yingfang
Published: September 2019

A fluorophore-free green synthetic strategy was presented for the preparation of stimuli-responsive FSNs, which could be further tuned using N16-TPE-N16.
Function analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblasts differentiation
Authors: Liu Suxuan , Ke Wen , Liu Yang , Zhao Zhenzhen , An Lina , You Xiaohua , Yang Fan , Yang Xiangqun , Wang Guokun , Zhao Xianxian
Published: September 2019

Background: Cardiac fibroblasts differentiation plays a critical role in cardiac remodeling and failure, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) had been identified as important regulators during cell differentiation. The aim of the present study was to screen the miRNAs involved in regulation of cardiac fibroblasts differentiation. Methods: The differentiation of rat cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts was induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Small RNA sequencing was then applied to detect the differentially expressed miRNAs. Results: A total of 450 known miRNAs were detected, and 127 putative novel miRNAs were predicted by miRDeep2 analysis. DEGseq analysis and qRT-PCR confirmed that 24 known miRNAs were differentially expressed in TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblasts, including three up-regulated miRNAs and 21 down-regulated miRNAs. After miRNAs target genes prediction by miRanda algorithm, pathway analysis showed that these potential target genes were involved in Calcium signaling pathway, Type II diabetes mellitus, and Glutamatergic synapse pathway, etc. Meanwhile, seven putative miRNAs were also detected differentially expressed during TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblasts differentiation. Conclusions: These differentially expressed miRNAs might play critical roles in cardiac fibroblasts differentiation. Altered expression of miRNAs may yield new insights into the underlying mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis and provide novel mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for cardiac fibrosis.
A novel benzoxazinone derivative YLT-LL-11 inhibits diffuse large B-cell lymphoma growth via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Peng Cuiting , Sun Changzhen , Wang Ningyu , He Yuanmin , Xu Jixiang , Deng Yongqiong , Gao Lanyang , Zhong Jianqiao , Xiong Xia , Liu Li
Published: September 2019

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) with high treatment difficulty and high relapse rate. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins play significant roles in supporting the transcription of known DLBCL oncogene MYC, which provides a way for the development of targeted therapeutic agents to address this kind of malignant tumor. Here, we reported a novel benzoxazinone derivative YLT-LL-11 as potential BRD4 inhibitor and further investigated the biological activities against DLBCL. The results suggested that YLT-LL-11 inhibited cell growth against a panel of human hematopoietic malignancies cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, flow cytometry and Western blotting assays showed that YLT-LL-11 inhibited the proliferation of a DLBCL cell line OCI-LY10 via inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest with regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) expression. Furthermore, YLT-LL-11 facilitated OCI-LY10 cell apoptosis by up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Taken together, these results revealed that BRD4 inhibitor YLT-LL-11 can down-regulate growth-associated transcription factors MYC in DLBCL thus resulted in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis.
Neuromedin B mediates IL-6 and COX-2 expression through NF-κB/P65 and AP-1/C-JUN activation in human primary myometrial cells
Authors: Zhu Texuan , Chen Jingfei , Zhao Yanhua , Zhang Jiejie , Peng Qiaozhen , Huang Jingrui , Luo Jiefeng , Zhang Weishe
Published: September 2019

Neuromedin B (NMB) and its receptor regulate labor onset by mediating inflammatory factors; however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study is aimed to investigate the mechanisms of NMB-induced cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and interleukin (IL)-6 generation in human primary myometrial cells. The results indicated that NMB could increase phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor p65 (p65) and Jun proto-oncogene, activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor subunit (c-Jun), and in turn, markedly up-regulated the expression levels of COX-2 and IL-6. This up-regulation was significantly attenuated by knockdown of p65 or c-Jun, and enhanced by overexpression of p65 or c-Jun. Furthermore, we identified a potential interaction between p65 and c-Jun following NMB stimulation. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the amount of phosphorylated p65 and the levels of COX-2 and IL-6, and between the amount of phosphorylated c-Jun and COX-2 and IL-6 levels. These data suggested that NMB-induced COX-2 and IL-6 expression were mediated via p65 and c-Jun activation.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with long-term cognitive impairment in an animal sepsis model
Authors: Manfredini Andressa , Constantino Larissa , Pinto Milton Castro , Michels Monique , Burger Henrique , Kist Luiza W. , Silva Milena Carvalho , Gomes Lara Mezzari , Dominguini Diogo , Steckert Amanda , Simioni Carmen , Bogo Mauricio , Streck Emílio , Barichello Tatiana , de Quevedo João , Singer Mervyn , Ritter Cristiane , Dal-Pizzol Felipe
Published: September 2019

Background: Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain long-term cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors. The role of persisting mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. We thus sought to determine whether stimulation of mitochondrial dynamics improves mitochondrial function and long-term cognitive impairment in an experimental model of sepsis.

Methods: Sepsis was induced in adult Wistar rats by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Animals received intracerebroventricular injections of either rosiglitazone (biogenesis activator), rilmenidine, rapamycin (autophagy activators), or n-saline (sham control) once a day on days 7–9 after the septic insult. Cognitive impairment was assessed by inhibitory avoidance and object recognition tests. Animals were killed 24 h, 3 and 10 days after sepsis with the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex removed to determine mitochondrial function.

Results: Sepsis was associated with both acute (24 h) and late (10 days) brain mitochondrial dysfunction. Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and mitophagy were not up-regulated during these time points. Activation of biogenesis (rosiglitazone) or autophagy (rapamycin and rilmenidine) improved brain ATP levels and ex vivo oxygen consumption and the long-term cognitive impairment observed in sepsis survivors.

Conclusion: Long-term impairment of brain function is temporally related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Activators of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis could rescue animals from cognitive impairment.
Behavioral Hearing Thresholds and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions in Cannabis Smokers
Authors: Brumbach Samantha , Goodman Shawn S. , Baiduc Rachael R.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Cannabis is a widely used drug both medically and recreationally. The aim of this study was to determine if cannabis smoking is associated with changes in auditory function, as measured by behavioral hearing thresholds and/or distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).

Method

We investigated hearing thresholds and 2f
1
–f
2
DPOAEs in 20 cannabis smokers and 20 nonsmokers between 18 and 28 years old. Behavioral thresholds were obtained from 0.25 to 16 kHz. DPOAEs were measured using discrete tones between f
2
of 0.5 and 19.03 kHz using an f
2
/f
1
ratio of 1.22 and L
1
/L
2
= 65/55 dB SPL. Thresholds and DPOAE amplitudes were compared between groups using linear mixed-effects models with sex and frequency as predictors.

Results

Behavioral thresholds in smokers did not differ significantly between smokers and nonsmokers (all
p
s > .05). Although not significant, long-term smokers exhibited poorer thresholds than short-term smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers generally exhibited lower DPOAE amplitudes than nonsmokers, although the differences were not significant. Male smokers had significantly poorer DPOAE amplitudes than male nonsmokers in the low frequencies (f
2
≤ 2 kHz;
p =
.0245).

Conclusion

Results indicate that smoking cannabis may negatively alter the function of outer hair cells in young men. This subtle cochleopathology is evident in the absence of measurable differences in behavioral hearing thresholds between cannabis smokers and nonsmokers.
Beyond the exoplanet mass-radius relation
Authors: Ulmer-Moll S. , Santos N. C. , Figueira P. , Brinchmann J. , Faria J. P.
Published: September 2019

Context.Mass and radius are two fundamental properties for characterising exoplanets, but only for a relatively small fraction of exoplanets are they both available. Mass is often derived from radial velocity measurements, while the radius is almost always measured using the transit method. For a large number of exoplanets, either the radius or the mass is unknown, while the host star has been characterised. Several mass-radius relations that are dependent on the planet’s type have been published that often allow us to predict the radius. The same is true for a bayesian code, which forecasts the radius of an exoplanet given the mass or vice versa.

Aims.Our goal is to derive the radius of exoplanets using only observables extracted from spectra used primarily to determine radial velocities and spectral parameters. Our objective is to obtain a mass-radius relation independent of the planet’s type.

Methods.We worked with a database of confirmed exoplanets with known radii and masses, as well as the planets from our Solar System. Using random forests, a machine learning algorithm, we computed the radius of exoplanets and compared the results to the published radii. In addition, we explored how the radius estimates compare to previously published mass-radius relations.

Results.The estimated radii reproduces the spread in radius found for high mass planets better than previous mass-radius relations. The average radius error is 1.8R⊕across the whole range of radii from 1–22R⊕. We find that a random forest algorithm is able to derive reliable radii, especially for planets between 4R⊕and 20R⊕for which the error is under 25%. The algorithm has a low bias yet a high variance, which could be reduced by limiting the growth of the forest, or adding more data.

Conclusions.The random forest algorithm is a promising method for deriving exoplanet properties. We show that the exoplanet’s mass and equilibrium temperature are the relevant properties that constrain the radius, and do so with higher accuracy than the previous methods.
Hyperfine excitation of CH and OH radicals by He
Authors: Marinakis S. , Kalugina Y. , Kłos J. , Lique F.
Published: September 2019

Context. Because of their high reactivity, the CH and OH radicals are of particular interest in astrochemistry. Modeling of CH and OH molecules requires the calculation of accurate radiative Einstein coefficients and rate coefficients for (de)excitation by collisions with the most abundant species such as H2 and He.

Aims. The present paper focuses on the calculation of inelastic rate coefficients among the lowest OH/CH hyperfine levels in their ground vibrational state induced by collisions with He atoms.

Methods. Calculations of hyperfine (de)excitation of CH/OH by He were performed using the close-coupling and recoupling methods from the most recent ab initio potential energy surfaces.

Results. Cross sections for transitions among the 60 and 56 lowest hyperfine levels of CH and OH, respectively, were calculated for collision energies up to 2500 cm−1. These cross-sections were used to calculate the rate coefficients for temperatures between 10 and 300 K. A propensity rule for transitions with ΔF = Δj was observed.

Conclusions. The new rate coefficients will help significantly in interpreting the CH/OH spectroscopic data observed with current and future telescopes, and help to accurately describe the OH masers and the hyperfine anomalies in CH emission spectra.
Strategy and tactics in sports from an ecological-dynamical-perspective: What is in there for coaches and players?
Authors: Buekers Martinus , Montagne Gilles , Ibáñez-Gijón Jorge
Published: September 2019

In sports, strategy and tactics play a decisive role. This is certainly so in sport games like volleyball in which the players need to promptly adapt their actions to the continuously changing game situations. In this paper, we will take a closer look at how strategic and tactical decisions come about. Our goal is twofold. First, we want to tackle this discussion from the angle of the ecological-dynamical approach, in which concepts as perception-action coupling, affordances, and self-organization are put forward as vital elements to explain the control of actions/sport skills. In referring to animal behavior, we will push the idea that cognitive interventions are not a prerequisite for strategic and tactical interventions. Second, we want to translate these theoretical concepts into some general guidelines for coaches and practitioners. In doing so, we hope to increase the understanding that for practice the environmental constraints should be embraced in order to improve the strategic and tactical capacities of the players.
Maligne Hyperthermie: Diagnostik konkret
Authors: Girard Thierry , Bandschapp Oliver
Published: September 2019

Sowohl in der präoperativen Visite als auch bei intraoperativ verdächtigen Zwischenfällen kann sich die Frage nach einer Abklärung auf maligne Hyperthermie ergeben. Heute stehen mit molekulargenetischen Methoden und mit der Muskelbiopsie und Kontrakturtest 2 grundsätzliche verschiedene Testmethoden zur Verfügung. Beide diagnostischen Methoden haben Vor- und Nachteile – und ergänzen sich.
Erlöseinbußen nach Einführung des G-DRG Systems durch schlechte Kodierqualität? Qualifikation der Kodierer an 177 deutschen Kinderkliniken
Authors: Zemlin Michael , Goedicke-Fritz Sybelle
Published: September 2019

Hintergrund Die Pädiatrie wird häufig als „Verlierer“ des G-DRG-Systems angesehen, da sich seit Einführung des G-DRG-Systems im Jahr 2004 die wirtschaftliche Situation zahlreicher Kinderkliniken verschlechtert hat. Dies wird oft auf eine nicht kostendeckende Gewichtung der Fallpauschalen zurückgeführt. Bisher ist unbekannt, ob Erlöse durch mangelhafte Qualifikation der Kodierer verloren gehen.

Methode Alle in der Gesellschaft der Kinderkliniken und -abteilungen in Deutschland (GKinD) organisierten Kinderkliniken und Abteilungen wurden per E-Mail zu einer online-Umfrage eingeladen.

Ergebnisse 177 (52%) der 340 deutschen Kinderkliniken lieferten vollständig ausgefüllte Fragebögen. An 52% der Kliniken waren hauptamtliche Kodierer ohne klinische Aufgaben tätig. An 47% der Kliniken hatten die Kodierer für diese Tätigkeit keine spezifische berufliche Qualifikation und an 32% der Kliniken besuchten die Kodierer keine spezifischen Fortbildungsveranstaltungen. 35% der Kodierer wurden bei Abwesenheiten fachfremd oder gar nicht vertreten. Die Kodierstrukturen wurden von 2,8% der Kliniken als „schlecht“ oder „sehr schlecht“ beurteilt.

Diskussion An zahlreichen deutschen Kinderkliniken werden die medizinischen Leistungen von Mitarbeitern kodiert, die dafür ungenügend qualifiziert sind. Dies ist mit einem Risiko von fehlerhaften und unvollständigen Kodierungen verbunden und kann die wirtschaftliche Situation von Kinderkliniken gefährden. Die Zufriedenheit der ärztlichen Leiter und Leiterinnen mit den etablierten Kodierstrukturen deutet darauf hin, dass das ökonomische Potenzial von Verbesserungen der Kodierqualität wenig bekannt ist.

Schlussfolgerung Durch Einstellung von hauptamtlichen, qualifizierten Kodierern kann die wirtschaftliche Situation an vielen deutschen Kinderkliniken verbessert werden.
What's the Score? Do Pleural Effusion Clinical Scoring Systems Help in Management of Disease?
Authors: Grendelmeier Peter , Rahman Najib M.
Published: September 2019

Pleural effusion is a common condition, affecting over 3,000 people per million population every year. More than 50 causes of pleural effusions are known, including pleural infection and malignant pleural disease. These conditions place a large burden on healthcare systems with one-fourth of patients with pleural infection having a length of hospital stay of more than 1 month. Malignant pleural effusion represents advanced malignant disease with a correspondingly high mortality. Prognostic models using clinical information in combination with blood or pleural fluid biomarkers predicting survival and other outcome measures are therefore a priority in improving clinical care, and potentially outcomes. Identifying patients with poor prognosis may help avoid discomfort and unnecessary interventions at the end of their lives, while, on the other hand, individuals with scores predicting a particularly good prognosis might be selected for more aggressive early treatment. Such scores must be based on data representing routine practice in a general hospital and variables chosen based on their clinical availability at clinical decision points (i.e., before treatment is instituted), making the findings widely applicable.
De Novo Duplication of Chromosome 9p in a Female Infant: Phenotype and Genotype Correlation
Authors: Leone Paola E. , Pérez-Villa Andy , Yumiceba Verónica , Hernández María Ángeles , García-Cárdenas Jennyfer M. , Armendáriz-Castillo Isaac , Guerrero Santiago , Guevara-Ramírez Patricia , López-Cortés Andrés , Zambrano Ana Karina , García Juan Luis , Hernández Jesús María , Paz-y-Miño César
Published: September 2019

Trisomy 9p syndrome is the fourth most frequent chromosome aberration seen in infants. Duplication of the critical region 9p22p24 leads to mental retardation, psychomotor delay, and craniofacial and digital anomalies. We report a 2-year-old Ecuadorian girl with Trisomy 9p syndrome. Although her phenotype shares characteristics of Noonan syndrome, Giemsa trypsin banding technique shows there is an extra chromosomal segment on chromosome 14, and array analysis shows that it belongs to a duplication of 38 Mb of 9p13.1p24.3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis detected three signals from 9p chromosome. The duplication is de novo, being another unique case of the few reported in the literature.
Hybrid photoacoustic-fluorescence microendoscopy through a multimode fiber using speckle illumination
Authors: Caravaca-Aguirre Antonio M. , Singh Sakshi , Labouesse Simon , Baratta Michael V. , Piestun Rafael , Bossy Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

Advances in wavefront shaping technologies have enabled minimally invasive endoscopy using a single multimode fiber (MMF) and paved way to pushing the penetration depth limit inside scattering tissue. Photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging are two key enabling imaging modalities that provide excellent anatomical and functional contrast, respectively. Combining their unique advantages is desirable; however, doing so in a minimally invasive endoscope has been a challenge. Here, we present an ultrathin hybrid imaging system with a 250 mm cross section based on an optical MMF and an optical fiber hydrophone and capable of combined photoacoustic and fluorescence microscopy. A reference-free calibration, using a set of prerecorded speckle intensity patterns combined with a reconstruction algorithm, enables compressive speckle imaging with optical resolution determined by the fiber numerical aperture.
New technique for studying phonon modes in nanomaterials is demonstrated
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: September 2019

Oscillation associated spectrum analysis is used to gain insight on plasmon-exciton coupling in nanomaterials, with applications in the design of photo-switches, chemical sensors and non-linear optics.
Scattered paddock trees and roadside vegetation can provide important habitat for koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Barth Benjamin J. , FitzGibbon Sean I. , Gillett Amber , Wilson Robbie S. , Moffitt Beth , Pye Geoffrey W. , Adam Dalene , Preece Harriet , Ellis William A.
Published: September 2019

Habitat loss and fragmentation threaten the survival of koalas in Queensland. In rural landscapes, remaining koala habitat is often in the form of scattered paddock trees, patches of vegetation and roadside vegetation. The aims of this study were to (1) quantify the use of these three habitat types; (2) determine whether there is an increased use of scattered trees during the breeding season; and (3) describe the movement characteristics (daily step-length and turning angle) of koalas in different habitat types. To do this, koalas were caught and fitted with global positioning system (GPS) loggers that recorded their daily locations. We found koalas utilised all three habitat types in both breeding and non-breeding seasons, but roadside vegetation and scattered trees were utilised significantly more than expected based on their availability within the landscape. We found no significant difference in step-length or turning angles in scattered trees compared with patches of vegetation. We conclude that scattered trees are a critical element of habitat in this rural landscape. This work provides evidence that retaining or planting scattered trees within the rural landscape would likely complement or possibly enhance the conservation value of rural landscapes for koalas.
Nitrogen recycling and feed efficiency of cattle fed protein-restricted diets
Authors: Silva L. F. P. , Dixon R. M. , Costa D. F. A.
Published: September 2019

The ability of cattle to grow and reproduce when ingesting low-protein diets is a crucial attribute for productive beef cattle systems in the seasonally dry tropics and subtropics. Nitrogen (N) recycling to the rumen is an important and known physiological mechanism allowing ruminants to efficiently grow in low-protein diets, but is usually disregarded in the nutritional models. This review discusses the role and magnitude of N recycling to provide additional N as microbial substrate in the rumen and in determining the efficiency of ruminants ingesting low-protein diets, to better understand the major factors regulating N recycling to the rumen. In addition to a review of the literature, study-adjusted regressions were used to evaluate various aspects of crude protein (CP) intake and availability, N recycling and excretion. There is large variation in N excretion and N-use efficiency among diets and among individuals, illustrating the opportunity for improvement in overall efficiency of cattle production. These data indicated that N recycling to the entire gastrointestinal tract supplies from half to twice as much N available for microbial growth as does the diet. Addition of rumen-degradable protein can increase rumen efficiency in using the available energy, as, conversely, the addition of fermentable energy can increase rumen efficiency in using the available CP. The present review has demonstrated that both are possible because of greater N recycling. Also, the importance of preserving the available N for determining individual variation in feed efficiency and the implications for selection are discussed. Nitrogen recycling can be controlled at both the epithelial wall of compartments of the gastrointestinal tract and at the liver, where ureagenesis occurs. Addition of fermentable energy can increase N recycling to the rumen and to post-ruminal tract by acting at both sites, and the mechanisms for this are discussed in the text. Although the effect of altering CP concentration in the diet has been substantially investigated, other factors potentially modulating N recycling, such as total fermentable energy, sources of protein and energy, hormonal modulation, and genetic variance, remain poorly understood. The selection of more efficient animals and development of diets with a lower environmental impact inescapably means further elucidation of the N-recycling mechanism.
Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing
Authors: Gómez-Castro Beatriz , Kipper Regina
Published: September 2019

The Nagoya Protocol advances one of the three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), namely ‘the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources'. The Protocol promotes equity in the sharing of benefits from the use of genetic resources and encourages the reinvestment of benefits into the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems. Binding obligations established under the Protocol aim at creating greater legal certainty and transparency as well as more equitable partnerships between users and providers of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. The Protocol has the potential to leverage tangible impacts in provider countries and foster sustainable development for present and future generations.
Biodiscovery and the Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium
Authors: Shivas Roger G , Beasley Dean R , Bransgrove Kaylene , Tan Yu Pei , Bulow Geoff
Published: September 2019

The Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium (BRIP) and its associated collection of fungal and bacterial cultures have obtained Australian and international recognition as critical resources for agricultural research and plant biosecurity. For decades, many key agricultural and mycological studies published in international journals have examined Australian reference specimens obtained from BRIP. The Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium is now seeking to reposition itself as a significant provider of unique Australian cultures. This ambitious journey could unlock the potential of Australian specimens to provide novel bioactive natural products that may benefit society.
Historical perspectives and new opportunities for Australian collections of microorganisms in the microbiome era
Authors: Sly Lindsay I
Published: September 2019

A new microbiology support program for Australian microbial resources centres is essential to take full advantage of the exciting information and biological materials emerging from molecular studies of microbiomes. At a time when taxonomic capacity is in decline, culture collections, with the appropriate level of infrastructure support and funding, are well positioned to enhance the outcomes of microbiome research. The importance of microbial biodiversity and its contribution to life on earth have never been more appreciated in the history of science than now. This appreciation came initially through the systematic study of microbial cultures, their ecological interactions, evolution and genetics. But now in the genomics era, uncultured microorganisms and whole microbial biomes are increasingly being studied using advanced DNA sequencing and bioinformatic techniques bringing greater insight into complex microbial communities, revealing interactions between microbes and the host affecting health and wellbeing. However, it should be remembered that the inference of identity and interpretation of functions of members of these uncultured communities relies heavily on knowledge gained from the study of cultured microorganisms. Advances will be greatly enhanced by bringing novel, and other significant, species in these environments into culture for laboratory study and accession into collections for future biodiscovery.
Whānau Māori explain how the Harti Hauora Tool assists with better access to health services
Authors: Masters-Awatere Bridgette , Graham Rebekah
Published: September 2019

In this paper, whānau Māori highlight how a Kaupapa Māori-centred intervention (the Harti Hauora Tamariki tool, hereafter Harti tool) has improved interactions with health services. The Harti tool is undergoing a randomised control trial (RCT) at Waikato Hospital in New Zealand. As part of the RCT, the authors engaged in a series of qualitative interviews with whānau members of tamariki Māori (children aged 0–5 years) admitted to Waikato Hospital’s paediatric ward. Whānau who met at least one criteria for New Zealand’s domains of deprivation were included. Using a Kaupapa Māori approach to the study, participants shared their views on barriers and facilitators to accessing health resources and primary care services. The interviews conducted highlight how the Harti tool, when administered in a culturally appropriate and respectful manner that prioritised relationship-building, enabled better connection to healthcare services. Prevalent in our analysis were connections to wider determinants of health and ways to reduce existing health inequities. To conclude the paper, how the Harti tool has enhanced feelings of being in control of health, with the potential to reduce the likelihood of a hospital readmission, is highlighted.
Machine learning to predict final fire size at the time of ignition
Authors: Coffield Shane R. , Graff Casey A. , Chen Yang , Smyth Padhraic , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi , Randerson James T.
Published: September 2019

Fires in boreal forests of Alaska are changing, threatening human health and ecosystems. Given expected increases in fire activity with climate warming, insight into the controls on fire size from the time of ignition is necessary. Such insight may be increasingly useful for fire management, especially in cases where many ignitions occur in a short time period. Here we investigated the controls and predictability of final fire size at the time of ignition. Using decision trees, we show that ignitions can be classified as leading to small, medium or large fires with 50.4±5.2% accuracy. This was accomplished using two variables: vapour pressure deficit and the fraction of spruce cover near the ignition point. The model predicted that 40% of ignitions would lead to large fires, and those ultimately accounted for 75% of the total burned area. Other machine learning classification algorithms, including random forests and multi-layer perceptrons, were tested but did not outperform the simpler decision tree model. Applying the model to areas with intensive human management resulted in overprediction of large fires, as expected. This type of simple classification system could offer insight into optimal resource allocation, helping to maintain a historical fire regime and protect Alaskan ecosystems.