bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between the morphometric parameters of placenta and umbilical cord with the birth weight
Authors: Nazeefa H. M. F. J. , Thirukumar M. , Thayabaran M.
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Birth weight is a vital parameter used to predict the future growth and development of a new born. The survival of the foetus in utero depends on proper functions of the placenta. The study aims to express the relation between the birth weight and placental and umbilical cord morphometric parameters. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 418 singleton normal vaginal deliveries. The collected placentae were washed to remove the blood clots and the weight, thickness, and diameters of placentae and the length of umbilical cord were measured. Shape and margin of the placentae, location of umbilical cord insertion and number of cotyledons and the twist pattern of umbilical cord have been determined through careful examination. the birth weight of the foetus was obtained immediately after the delivery. Results: The collected data has been analysed by multiple linear regression test using R software with p value ≤ 0.05 as the significance. The weight of the foetus exhibited positive significant linear relationship with thickness (p=0.001), weight (p=0.000) and Surface area (p=0.000) of the placental disk. The velamentous cord insertion showed (p=0.019) negative relation with birth weight. The non-twist umbilical cord showed positive significant (p=0.04) association with birth weight. Other parameters were not significant with the birth weight. Conclusion: Thickness, weight and surface area of the disk and non-twist umbilical cord increases the birth weight of the foetus. However, velamentous cord insertion related to reduction in the birth weight.
Anatomical landmarks for Percutaneous Transhepatic External Biliary Drainage (PTBD)
Authors: Udupihilla J. , Darmapala A. , Galketiya K. B.
Published: September 2020

PTBD is used for temporary decompression of an obstructed biliary system prior to surgical resection as it is believed to reduce major post operative complications. This is preferred over endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS)by most as EBS induces an inflammatory response making resection difficult. For palliation of malignant biliary obstruction and as treatment for common bile duct stones endoscopy is preferred. PTBD is used if endoscopy fails. In this subset internalization for malignancies and surgery for calculi are done once the patient's general condition improve.
16th Meeting of the Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM) - Assisi (Italy), October 17-20, 2019: Foreword, Program and Abstracts
Authors: Gabellini Davide , Musarò Antonio
Published: September 2020

The 16th Meeting of the Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), October 17-20, 2019, Assisi, Italy brought together scientists, pharma and patient organization representatives discussing new results on muscle research. Internationally renowned Keynote speakers presented advances on muscle development, homeostasis, metabolism, and disease. Speakers selected among submitted abstracts presented their new, unpublished data in seven scientific sessions. The remaining abstracts were showcased in two poster sessions. Young trainees where directly involved in the selection of keynote speakers, the organizing scientific sessions and roundtables discussions tailored to the interests of their peers. A broad Italian, European and North-American audience participated to the different initiatives. The meeting allowed muscle biology researchers to discuss ideas and scientific collaborations aimed at better understanding the mechanisms underlaying muscle diseases in order to develop better therapeutic strategies. The active participation of young trainees was facilitated by the friendly and inclusive atmosphere, which fostered lively discussions identifying emerging areas of myology research and stimulated scientific cross-fertilization. The meeting was a success and the IIM community will continue to bring forward significant contributions to the understanding of muscle development and function, the pathogenesis of muscular diseases and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we report abstracts of the meeting illustrating novel results of basic, translational, and clinical research, which confirms that the Myology field is strong and healthy.
Effect of the addition of starter cultures to ground meat for hamburger preparation
Authors: Grispoldi Luca , Karama Musafiri , Sechi Paola , Iulieto Maria Francesca , Cenci-Goga Beniamino T.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work was to study the effect of a selected lactic acid bacteria formulation on the microbiological characteristics and colour of beef hamburgers stored at different temperatures. All hamburgers were evaluated on day-0, day-1, day-3, and day-5 for the following microbiological parameters (Staphylococcusspp., enterococci, Lactococcusspp., Lactobacillusspp., total mesophilic aerobes, Pseudomonasspp., total coliforms) according to standard methods and for colorimetric measurements performed with Colorimeter - Digital Color Picker for iOS 10, under a 6500K light, with the CIELab system. All data (geometric mean for microbiological data) were elaborated with GraphPad InStat, 3.0b and GraphPad Prism 6.0d for Mac OS X. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey's multiple comparisons test was performed. The analysis of the colour proved that the addition of LAB does not affect the natural colour of ground meat, avoiding the risk of hiding the spoilage or fastening it. The addition of the starter has preserved the colour stability throughout the preservation period, with the same behaviour both in the hamburgers stored at 4 °C and in those at 10 °C after thermal abuse or not. In conclusion, the application of the proposed LAB formulation maintains hamburgers quality standards and can be a potential tool to increase their shelf-life.
Project MOSS: Marine Oil Spill Studies
Authors: Bringué M
Published: September 2020

Context: Active port of Kitimat (BC's North Coast) is a gateway for the export of Canada's energy resources (LNG etc.) to international markets. Current and future projects translate into dramatically increased tanker traffic in Douglas Channel for decades to
come.
Objectives: Baseline of natural variability in Douglas Channel (e.g., temperature, productivity) on seasonal to millennial time scales; Capacity of in-situ microbial communities to mitigate accidentally-released petroleum products under reduced O2 and lower pH conditions.
Assessment of potential impacts of oil and gas development activities on shallow aquifers in the Fox Creek area (AB)
Authors: Rivard C
Published: September 2020

A multidisciplinary and multi-institutional project was initiated in the Fox Creek area, in west-central Alberta, in April 2019 to study environmental impacts of hydrocarbon exploration and production activities. The initial objective was to specifically study
potential impacts on shallow groundwater. However, different Sectors within NRCan later identified the Fox Creek area as a region of interest for developing regional cumulative effects evaluation methods in support of new impact assessment legislation. Therefore, the project scope is now much larger
and includes studies on vegetation, forest, snow cover, wetlands, landscape evolution and woodland caribou habitat. The project involves many collaborators from the federal and provincial governments, and academia.
Long-term hydrological dynamics of Canada's largest watershed: the Mackenzie River Basin
Authors: Galloway J
Published: September 2020

The Mackenzie River (Deh-Cho, Kuukpak, Fleuve de Mackenzie) Basin (MRB) is one of the World's largest (4200 km long) and most important freshwater ecosystems.
Climate change is disproportionately affecting high northern latitudes, especially in NW Canada.
How will climate change affect water quantity in the MRB?
Ice jam flooding vs. low water levels.
Carbon storage vs. export.
This project will examine long-term trends and cycles to develop predictive ecohydrological models.
The impact of ipsilateral testicular atrophy on semen quality and sperm DNA fragmentation response to varicocele repair
Authors: Kavoussi Parviz K , Abdullah Natasha , Gilkey Melissa S , Hunn Caitlin , Machen G Luke , Chen Shu-Hung , Kavoussi Keikhosrow M , Esqueda Amy , Wininger J David , Kavoussi Shahryar K
Published: September 2020

Varicoceles adversely impact semen quality and sperm DNA fragmentation, which typically improve with surgical repair. Some men with varicoceles have ipsilateral testicular atrophy due to damage from the varicocele. This study assessed semen quality and the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) response to varicocele repair in men with ipsilateral testicular atrophy (TA) versus men with no testicular atrophy (NTA). Semen parameter values and DFI in both groups were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. The Mann–Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used where appropriate. There were 20 men in the TA group and 121 men in the NTA group with no difference in age, varicocele grade, or preoperative semen parameter values between the two groups. The NTA group had a higher preoperative DFI than the TA group. Both groups showed improvement in semen quality postoperatively, only the TA group showed a significant improvement in DFI, whereas the NTA group showed significant improvements in several parameter values and DFI. The change from preoperative to postoperative parameter values when comparing the two groups revealed a difference in total sperm motile count and DFI, with a larger mean improvement in the NTA group than in the TA group. Both TA and NTA groups showed improved semen quality and DFI after varicocele repair, but the NTA group had more improvement than the TA group. However, only total motile count (TMC) and DFI had a significantly greater mean change in preoperative to postoperative response in the NTA group than in the TA group.
The Association between Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy
Authors: Altaş Nurcan , Boyama Burcu Aydin , Çakmak Burcu Dinçgez
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Periodontal diseases (PDs) are considered a risk factor for some systemic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a common health problem, and inflammation is claimed to play a vital role in its etiopathogenesis. Here, we aimed for the first time to demonstrate the relationship between PD and HG. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 pregnant with HG and 30 healthy pregnant between the age group of 18 and 40 years were enrolled in the study. HG was diagnosed if the followings were present: at least one-positive ketonuria, >5% weight loss, and severe vomiting, which is >2 times a day. Periodontal status was evaluated by the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing index (BOPI), and these parameters were recorded. All measurements were performed at 6 points of each tooth (mesiobuccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, midlingual, and distolingual) and compared between the groups. Results: Mean age was 29 ± 3 in HG and 28 ± 4 in the control group. There was no difference between two groups according to the age (P = 0.421), gravida (0.524), and parity, (P = 0.54). PI, GI, PPD, and BOPI were significantly higher in HG group as compared to controls. Conclusions: Gingival inflammation is more common in patients with HG, and it is possibly associated with insufficient tooth brushing because it may stimulate the gagging reflex and vomiting. Since there could be a vicious cycle between PD and HG, periodontal preventive programs are crucial for pregnant women with HG.
Evaluation of Abutment Parallelism and Path of Withdrawal Using Three Intra- and One Extra-Oral Methods: A Survey and In vitro Study
Authors: Sayed Mohammed , Dewan Harisha , Mubaraki Manal , Khubrani Zahra , Hummadi Sabreen , Jurado Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate four different methods used to examine preparation taper and relative parallelism of the prepared abutment teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 artificial teeth were prepared simulating six sets of prepared abutments. Proximal walls of the premolars in all sets were prepared parallel and 90° to the occlusal plane, whereas walls of the second molars were prepared either 0°, 20°, or 45° to the long axis of the premolar preparation. A total number of 210 participants were involved in the study. All data of the taper evaluation and responses to the questionnaire were coded and entered into an Excel Spreadsheet file. Statistical analyses of the participants' responses were performed using the Chi-square test with P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant difference was found between the educational levels relative to their responses to level of difficulty, sensitivity, skills, and technical demands for the four techniques. The intraoral mirror technique in the mandibular arch was found to be statistically significantly (P < 0.05) better. The surveyor technique in the maxillary arch was found to be statistically significantly (P < 0.05) better. The highest percentage of faculty members (50%) chose dental surveyor (DS) as the most preferred technique to be included into the academic curriculum. Conclusions: The DS was more favored among the respondents across all educational levels. This technique presented high potential in accurately evaluating tooth preparation in comparison to the intraoral techniques.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Bhirud Deepak Prakash , Mittal Ankur , Navriya Shiv Charan , Ranjan Satish Kumar , Mammen Kim Jacob
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty has been gold standard in the management of pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO). It has evolved from open to laparoscopic and now robotic surgery. Open surgery has its drawback of long incision and scar mark, significant post-operative pain and long hospital stay. The main limitation of laparoscopic surgery had been the difficulty in endosuturing. Robotic surgery has incorporated the minimal access method of laparoscopy and endowrist movement of open surgery to overcome the challenge of intracorporeal suturing. Here, we present our initial experience of robotic pyeloplasty.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 30 patients underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) over 19 months. Diagnosis of PUJO was made by computed tomography urography, diuretic renogram and retrograde pyelogram in selected patients. All patients underwent RALP by colon reflecting approach. Post-operative evaluation was done by DTPA scan at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Data were analysed after a mean follow-up of 11 months.

Results:

The mean operative time was 148 min and the mean hospital stay was 3.5 days. While 93% of the patients showed objective improvement in their drainage pattern on DTPA renogram, 90% of the patients were symptom-free at the end of 6 months.

Conclusions:

Robotic pyeloplasty is a safe and easily conquerable technique with comparable outcomes in the hands of surgeons who are beginners in this technique.
Radiographic and metabolic evolution of prostate cancer lung metastasis detected by prostate-specific membrane antigen and fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Tsakiridis Theodoros , Bonert Michael , Zukotynski Katherine , Anagnostopoulos Alexander
Published: September 2020

We describe the case of a 75-year-old patient who progressed over a 12-year period from localized to symptomatic metastatic prostate cancer (PrCa) with lung as the sole organ of involvement. In this case, the specific sequence of positron emission tomography (PET)-based next-generation imaging with 18F-sodium fluoride-, 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-, and 18F-DCFPyL PET/computed tomography and biopsies allowed illustration of the pathway of disease progression from nonglycolytic hormone-sensitive PrCa to glycolytic castrate-resistant PrCa without neuroendocrine features. The observations provide a unique insight into the timelines of anatomical and metabolic progression of metastatic PrCa. They highlight the value of close radiographic surveillance of metastatic PrCa with modern imaging to guide early treatment interventions.
Appropriate use criteria in myocardial perfusion imaging in a tertiary care hospital in South India: An audit
Authors: Srivastava Madhur Kumar , Pagala Ram Manohar , Kendarla Vinodh , Nallapareddy Kavitha
Published: September 2020

Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is an important investigative tool in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. This investigation has seen a manifold increase in number in past decades as compared to other investigations such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging/positron emission tomography or computed tomography. In 2005, “Appropriate use criteria (AUC) in cardiac radionuclide imaging” was formulated by the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology for effective use of this investigation, later revised in 2009. We assessed the appropriateness of indications for MPI in patients presenting to the nuclear medicine department of a tertiary care hospital according to the latest AUC for cardiac radionuclide imaging. This is a retrospective analysis of all cardiac perfusion scans performed from June 2019 to January 2020 in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. All patients' indications for MPI were assessed for appropriateness using AUC 2009 as appropriate, inappropriate, and uncertain indications by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians blinded for results of the test and hospital stay of the patients. A total of 1015 cardiac scans were performed in the given period, which were analyzed. This included 613 males and 402 females, with most of the patients aged above 60 years (n = 640; males = 385, females = 255). Most of the patients had diabetes mellitus or hypertension or both except in 161 patients (15.8%) which did not have either of the comorbidities. Chest pain and/or shortness of breath were the most common presenting complaints. The appropriate indication for imaging was found in 784 patients (77.2%), inappropriate in 121 patients (12%), and uncertain in 110 patients (10.8%). Our results showed appropriate indication to be 77.2% and inappropriate indications as 12% for MPI referrals in a tertiary care teaching hospital, similar to Western literature but can be improved further by continued teaching and awareness campaigns.
Estimate and evaluation of reservoir metrics in Serra da Mesa dam (GO) using the Google Earth Engine platform
Authors: Xavier Gabrielle De Oliveira , Almeida Tati De , Oliveira Carlos Magno Moreira de , Oliveira Petronio Diego Silva de , Costa Victor Hugo Barros , Granado Larissa Moreira Alves
Published: September 2020

The goal of this study was to assess the temporal dynamics of an accumulation reservoir in an accessible and accurate way. The study was conducted on the Serra da Mesa Dam (GO) using orbital images. To estimate the flat area of the dam surface, Landsat TM and OLI images for the period 1998 to 2018 were used. The images were processed using the Google Earth Engine platform (GEE) in order to obtain the dam surface area (km²) and relate it to the flow, altimetric height and volume of the reservoir over the years. The dam showed constant variation of water since its inception, with a decreasing trend. The highest values of the reservoir measurement metrics were observed in the years coincident with the largest areas of the dam, and inversely proportional to the years of the appearance of new dams upstream. More than 90% of the altimetric height variation of water could be explained by the flat area of the dam. The processing platform using the GEE is effective to provide extensive temporal analysis using a large volume of data in a short time, with accurate and robust results.
Algebraic flows on commutative complex Lie groups
Authors: Dinh Tien-Cuong , Vu Duc-Viet
Published: September 2020

We recover results by Ullmo–Yafaev and Peterzil–Starchenko on the closure of the image of an algebraic variety in a compact complex torus. Our approach uses directed closed currents and allows us to extend the result for dimension 1 flows to the setting of commutative complex Lie groups which are not necessarily compact. A version of the classical Ax–Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem for commutative complex Lie groups is also given.
Hyperbolic surfaces with sublinearly many systoles that fill
Authors: Fortier Bourque Maxime
Published: September 2020

For any

\varepsilon > 0

, we construct a closed hyperbolic surface of genus

g=g(\varepsilon)

with a set of at most

\varepsilon g

systoles that fill, meaning that each component of the complement of their union is contractible. This surface is also a critical point of index at most

\varepsilon g

for the systole function, disproving the lower bound of

2g-1

posited by Schmutz Schaller.
Generic symmetric matrix pencils with bounded rank
Authors: De Terán Fernando , Dmytryshyn Andrii , Dopico Froilán M.
Published: September 2020

We show that the set of

n \times n

complex symmetric matrix pencils of rank at most

r

is the union of the closures of

\lfloor r/2\rfloor +1

sets of matrix pencils with some, explicitly described, complete eigenstructures. As a consequence, these are the generic complete eigenstructures of

n \times n

complex symmetric matrix pencils of rank at most

r

. We also show that the irreducible components of the set of

n\times n

symmetric matrix pencils with rank at most

r

, when considered as an algebraic set, are among these closures.
Bioactive secondary metabolites from the leaves of Secamone africana (Olive.) Bullock
Authors: Sekandi Peter , Namukobe Jane , Namukobe Jane , Byamukama Robert , Akala Hoseah M. , Yeda Redemptah A. , Heydenreich Matthias
Published: September 2020

Secamone africana leaves are used in the treatment of malaria and other ailments in Uganda. The aim of the study was to characterize the antiplasmodial compounds from the leaves of Secamone africana. The leaves were extracted sequentially using dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH). The crude extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine sensitive Sierraleone I (D6) and chloroquine-resistant Indochina I (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Isolation and purification were done using chromatographic techniques including column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods. The MeOH extract (IC50 = 5.45 μg/mL) was found to be more active than the DCM extract (IC50= 15.93 μg/mL) against the D6 malaria parasite. Chemical investigation of the MeOH extract yielded one new compound; 2-(2,4-dimethyloxetan-2-yl) acetic acid (3) in addition to the six known compounds; α-linolenic acid (1), conduritol B (4), β-sitosterol (5), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (6), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (7) and coumaric acid (8). The DCM extract yielded one known compound: 1-methyl cyclobutene (2). The presence of these compounds with good anti-plasmodial activities and other bioactivities reported in literature, appears to argue for the therapeutic potential of Secamone africana.Keywords: Secamone africana,, anti-plasmodial activity, chromatography, secondary metabolites.
Qualité physico-chimique des eaux littorales de la partie Sud-Ouest du Lac Albert, RD Congo
Authors: Ciwanine Kasigwa Dieudonné , Katho Lonze Joël , Kankonda Busanga Alodor , Micha Jean-Claude
Published: September 2020

Le lac Albert est moins étudié en ce qui concerne l’évolution de la qualité de ses eaux. L’objectif de cette étude était de contribuer à la connaissance de quelques paramètres physico-chimiques des eaux littorales de la partie Sud-Ouest du lac Albert. Pour y parvenir, nous avons utilisé un kit multi-parameter AZ8603 pour le prélèvement, in situ, du pH, de l’oxygène dissous, de la conductivité électrique et de la température pendant un cycle de 24 heures à intervalle de 3 heures durant une année. Il ressort de cette étude que les moyennes de température, conductivité, oxygène dissous et pH sont respectivement de 29,07 °C, 631,65 μs/cm, 4,8 mg/l et 8,01. La concentration en oxygène dissous était plus élevée le jour que la nuit. La différence non significative de température entre le cycle diurne et nocturne montre que l’activité photosynthétique est l’élément explicatif de l’augmentation du taux d’oxygène dissous. Les mois d’avril et de mai se sont distingués par une forte température et une baisse de la concentration en oxygène dissous. Ceux de mars, août, octobre et novembre ont été marqués par une conductivité élevée corrélée positivement à la température.Mots clés : Eaux, lac Albert, physico-chimie, variation nycthémérale.

 

English Title: Physico-chemical of coastal waters of the South-Western part of Albert Lake, DR CongoThe Albert Lake is barely investigated with regard to the evolution of the quality of its waters. The objective of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of some physico-chemical parameters of the coastal waters of the South-Western part of the Albert Lake. To reach the above objective, a kit multi AZ8603 parameter was used to record, in situ, the pH, the dissolved oxygen, the electric conductivity and the temperature during a cycle of 24 hours, with 3 hours interval. This was done during a year. This survey evidenced that the averages of temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH were respectively 29.07 °C, 631.65 μs/cm, 4.8 mg/l and 8.01. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was higher during the day as compared to its concentration in the night. The slight difference of temperature between the diurnal and nocturnal cycle showed that the photosynthesis activity was responsible of the increase of the dissolved oxygen rate. The months of April and May were characterized by relatively higher temperature and a lower concentration of dissolved oxygen. Those of March, August, October and November showed higher conductivity correlating positively to the temperature.Keywords: Waters, Albert Lake, physico-chemistry, circadian variation.
Caractérisation physico-chimique des eaux d’un système lacustre du cordon littoral ivoirien : cas du lac Labion
Authors: Odjohou Ella , Amani Mireille , Soro Gbombélé , Monde Sylvain
Published: September 2020

L’analyse spatio-temporelle des paramètres physico-chimiques des eaux du lac Labion dans le système lagunaire ivoirien, a été abordé dans un contexte de variabilité climatique. L’objectif est de caractériser la physico-chimie des eaux au cours des saisons climatiques. Pour y parvenir, une analyse hydrologique a été réalisé à partir de mesure in situ des paramètres pH, Température, Conductivité électrique, Oxygène dissous, Matières en suspension, Transparence et Turbidité. Ces paramètres ont été mesurés à l’aide d’un multi-paramètre. Celui-ci est mis à l’eau et les résultats s’affichent à l’écran. Seule la transparence a été mesuré à l’aide du disque de Secchi. La température (31 °C) indique des eaux relativement chaudes. Quant au pH, il varie du neutre (6,79) à alcalin (8,99). La conductivité moyenne sur le lac est de 40 μS/cm. Les eaux sont bien oxygénées (7 à 8 mg/L) et présente peu de matières en suspension. L’analyse en composante principale montre une forte corrélation (r > 0,7) entre les variables température, oxygène, pH et conductivité. Ces résultats mettent en évidence deux (02) mécanismes qui sont à l’origine des forçages naturel et artificiel. Il s’agit du mécanisme de la photosynthèse occasionnant une bonne oxygénation des eaux et du mécanisme de pollution traduisant une forte turbidité.Mots clés : Lac, saison climatique, paramètre, mécanisme, évolution.

 

English Title: Physico-chemical characterization of the waters of a lake system of the ivorian coastal cordon: case of Lake LabionThe spatio-temporal analysis of the physicochemical parameters of the waters of Lake Labion in the Ivorian lagoon system was tackled in the context of climate variability. The objective is to characterize the physico-chemistry of the waters during the climatic seasons. To achieve this, a hydrological analysis was carried out using in situ measurement of the parameters pH, Temperature, Electrical conductivity, Dissolved oxygen, Suspended matter, Transparency and Turbidity. These parameters were measured using a multi-parameter. It is launched and the results are displayed on the screen. Only transparency was measured using the Secchi disk. The temperature (31 °C) indicates relatively warm waters. As for the pH, it varies from neutral (6.79) to alkaline (8.99). The average conductivity on the lake is 40 μS / cm. The waters are well oxygenated (7 to 8 mg / L) and have little suspended matter. The principal component analysis shows a strong correlation (r> 0.7) between the variables temperature, oxygen, pH and conductivity. These results highlight two (02) mechanisms which are at the origin of natural and artificial forcings. This is the mechanism of photosynthesis causing good oxygenation of water and the pollution mechanism reflecting high turbidity.Keywords: Lake, climatic season, parameter, mechanism, evolution.
Taking the Lead and Also Being Taught
Authors: Alencsik Melinda
Published: September 2020

According to statistics and the experience of teachers, there has been a recent increase in the number of pupils in schools who have difficulties with integration, behavior and learning and are prone to deviance. However, dance excess energies, relieves tension, strengthens the body, increases endurance, gives room for self-expression, develops personality and has many other positive effects.

For teenagers looking for a place for themselves and their place in the world, a dance group is a great place for them to experience a sense of acceptance while also being a reference point for their peers. Proof of all this is the work of Pierre Dulaine, a French-born dancer and excellent dance teacher (also known by the film Leading the Rhythm). For him, the development of dancing skills takes precedence over developing students' social skills and their emotional education.
Kent İçi Raylı Sistemlere Yeni Hat Entegrasyonunda İşletme Modellerinin Analizi
Authors: CAN Mehmet , YÖRÜKEREN Nuran
Published: September 2020

Günümüzde kent içi ulaşımda raylı sistem teknoloji ve imkanlarının sadece iyi bir alternatif olma görevini yitirdiği, aksine artan nüfus ve şehirleşme oranıyla beraber bu sistemlerin kentin verimli ve hızlı yolcu taşımacılığında optimum çözüm olduğu gerek yerel yönetimler gerekse kent popülasyonu tarafından bilinmektedir. Yolcu taşımacılığında hız, verimlilik, konfor gibi ana hedeflerle beraber sistemin güvenilirliği ve olası her koşulda işletme sürekliliğinin aksamaması büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Uzun, karmaşık ve birbirleriyle entegre metro sistemlerinin her koşulda enerji altında olması ve süreklilik sağlaması esasen gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul kent içi raylı sistem ulaşımında gelecekte yapılması öngörülen ve birden fazla metro hattı ile bütünleşecek örnek bir raylı sistem hattı ele alınmıştır. Modelleme ETAP yazılımı ile oluşturulup, mevcut ve yapımı tamamlanmak üzere olan diğer hatların gerçek verileri ışığında, entegrasyon sağlayacak şekilde, farklı işletme senaryoları oluşturularak planlanan hattın yük akış ve kısa devre analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak verilirken önerilen senaryoların analizi, işletmenin sürekliliği, sistemin olası performansları incelenmiş ve teknik açıdan doğru, maliyeti azaltacak öneriler bulgular ile sunulmuştur.
The Effect of over-taxation and Corruption at Commercial Enterprises in Greece: Evidence from a Survey Experiment
Authors: Komninos Dimitrios , Dermatis Zacharias , Anastasiou Athanasios , Liargovas Panagiotis
Published: September 2020

The problem of tax evasion and tax avoidance is one of the most important issues
which Greece has to face. In Greece, research has provided evidence that tax
evasion is higher than other countries and this fact burdens the economic situation
of the country. Overcrowding in a reluctant economy has many adverse effects and
is a brake on sustainable development. High taxes are incentive for tax evasion,
causing the state to record revenue losses. This in turn leads to new tax increases,
further encouraging tax evasion. The subject of this paper is the over-taxation and
its relation to the corruption phenomenon that characterizes the country of Greece.
For the needs of this paper, an experimental survey was distributed to commercial
enterprises in a prefecture of Peloponnese of Greece. The results of the survey
showed that overpopulation and corruption co-exist and are symptoms of a society
dominated by a lack of confidence in the state. Both overemphasis and corruption
are political and economic problems and well-designed measures to modernize the
political system and contribute to their effective treatment.
Effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Lippia palmeri Wats for the management of Fusarium spp. in chickpea sedes
Authors: Romero-Bastidas Mirella , Reyes-Perez Juan José , Mayer-Felix Esli Alexis , Hernandez-Rubio José Saúl , Arce-Amezquita Pablo Misael , Hernandez-Montiel Luis Guillermo
Published: September 2020

Chickpea is a crop of world importance due to its nutritional value; however, seed and root diseases caused by Fusarium spp affect the harvest and for its control, synthetic fungicides are applied; nevertheless, natural products based on plant extracts may be an option for the sustainable management of this crop diseases. The objective of this research was to determine the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of the Lippia palmeri extract for the control of Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani in chickpea seeds. To PDA media, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm from ethanolic extract of L. palmeri plus one agar disc of each pathogen, and the inhibition of mycelial growth was quantified. Chickpea seeds were submerged in each concentration of L. palmeri for 5 and 10 min, later, each seed was inoculated with F. oxysporum and F. solani and the disease incidence and germinated seeds were determined. The three concentrations of L. palmeri inhibited both phytopathogens in vitro. In the seeds, L. palmeri ethanolic extract decreased the incidence of F. solani and kept germination above 80%. For F.oxysporum only the highest dose of the ethanolic extract and the longest exposure time decreased the incidence by 20 % and germination was less than 25 %.The ethanolic extract of L. palmeri can be an option to decrease diseases caused by phytopathogenic funguses of the soil in chickpea seeds.
Capacidade antioxidante de flores de capuchinha (Tropaeolum majus L.)
Authors: Souza Harícia de Almeida , Almeida Nascimento Amanda Laís Alves , Stringheta Paulo César , Barros Frederico
Published: September 2020

As flores comestíveis são utilizadas na alimentação humana há centenas de anos a fim de melhorar a aparência e o sabor de diversos pratos na culinária. Dentre as flores que podem ser ingeridas, uma das mais conhecidas é a capuchinha (Tropaeolum majus L.), de origem mexicana e peruana, cuja coloração do cálice varia, podendo ser amarelo claro, alaranjado ou vermelha. A capuchinha é fonte de compostos bioativos, como a quercetina, as antocianinas, o ácido gálico, os ácidos clorogénicos e carotenoides, os quais conferem capacidade antioxidante a essas flores. Assim, transcendendo a sua aparência visual e o seu sabor, a capuchinha oferece benefícios à saúde da população devido aos seus compostos antioxidantes, que ajudam no combate de doenças crônicas, auxiliam na prevenção de degeneração muscular, de desordens imunológicas e da oxidação de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a capacidade antioxidante das flores de capuchinha. As flores utilizadas foram as capuchinhas alaranjadas, amarelas e vermelhas. A determinação da capacidade antioxidante foi feita através do método ABTS. As flores de capuchinha vermelha apresentaram a maior capacidade antioxidante (13,59 μmol de Trolox/g) seguido pelas flores alaranjadas (4,10 μmol de Trolox/g) e amarelas (2,99 μmol de Trolox/g). Este resultado pode ser explicado pela maior concentração de compostos fenólicos presentes nas flores vermelhas. Dessa forma, as capuchinhas, em especial as de flores vermelhas, poderiam ser mais utilizadas na alimentação humana devido aos seus potenciais benefícios para a saúde.
Air quality at bus stop microenvironments in a Metro Vancouver urban and suburban area
Authors: Nielsen Erin , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Sidhu Bobby
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND Those commuters waiting in small-scale transportation microenvironments, such as bus stops, can be exposed to levels of pollution higher than what is registered by ambient air quality monitoring stations. In addition, historically, those commuting in urban areas experience greater exposure to air pollutants than those commuting in suburban or rural areas, due to the nature of the environment. Little quantitative research has been conducted in the Metro Vancouver area regarding air quality in small scale transportation microenvironments. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the differences in commuter exposure during AM Peak and PM Peak periods between an urban (Vancouver) and suburban (Ladner) bus stop. Furthermore, results were to be compared to the Metro Vancouver 24 hour rolling average objective as well as nearby Lower Fraser Valley (LFV) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network stations. METHODS The author measured particulate matter (PM) 2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter), using the DustTrakTM Aerosol Monitor 8520 between January 6, 2014 and January 21, 2014 on 12 weekdays, from 6:30am to 7:00am and 5:00pm to 5:30pm, at Stop #55165 Northbound Harvest Dr at Ladner Trunk Rd in Ladner, BC and from Stop #50043 Burrard Stn Bay1 in Vancouver, BC. In addition, meteorological conditions, traffic density, bus volume, and other observations were taken during sampling periods. RESULTS The author found that average PM2.5 exposures were highest during the morning in Ladner (μ=34.38667μg/m3) and lowest during the morning in Vancouver (μ=13.44 μg/m3). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between Vancouver AM and the other groups (Ladner AM, Ladner PM [μ=28.07778 μg/m3], and Vancouver PM [μ=30.16667 μg/m3]), but the other groups were not significantly different from each other. Furthermore, the author found that the Vancouver AM average (μ=13.44 μg/m3) was below the Metro Vancouver 24 hour rolling average (25μg/m3) while all other groups (Ladner AM, Ladner PM, and Vancouver PM) exceeded this average. Lastly, when comparing all groups to the AM and PM hourly averages of their respective LFV Air Quality Monitoring Network stations (Ladner AM and PM vs. Tsawwassen AM and PM and Vancouver AM and PM vs. Kitsalano AM and PM), the author found that all groups averages exceeded the hourly averages of their respective stations. CONCLUSION Commuters’ peak hour exposures were significantly influenced by different microenvironments and were found to be higher than the ambient PM2.5 levels registered by the respective LFV Air Quality Monitoring Network stations. In order to address this, Metro Vancouver should implement personal exposure assessments, especially near roadways, to obtain actual levels of exposure to pollutants, such as PM2.5, by their residents. In this way, acute and chronic health outcome risks to air pollution can be better understood.
Are Ministry of Environment holding times for nitrate and nitrite tests in drinking water justified?
Authors: Nguyen Vu , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Heacock Helen , Soulsbury Kevin
Published: September 2020

Background: Exposure to nitrate and nitrite in high concentration is associated with various health issues in humans such as methemoglobinemia, gastric and bladder cancers. Surface and ground water is vulnerable to nitrate and nitrite contamination which can have a significant impact to communities that use the water for consumption. Methods: Ion chromatography analysis of nitrate and nitrite degradation over time in well water from Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer was performed in an analytical chemistry study. Nitrate and nitrite test strips marketed for testing drinking water were also used and results were compared to ion chromatography results. Results: Test strips used were unable to detect the level of nitrate/nitrite in the well water sample drawn from the Abbotsford-Sumas aquifer. Ion chromatography, IC, methods were able to detect measurable amounts of nitrates which resulted from concentrations of 1.17 mg/L NO3 as N to 1.13 mg/L NO3 as N from day 0 to 31 of the sampling date. The concentration decreased 0.04 mg/L NO3 as N over 31 days. Nitrites tested by IC were below the detection limit. Conclusion: In regards to nitrates, the MOE holding times are justified in that the concentrations were statistically different (p = 0.0001) from day 0 to day 31 from the sampling date indicating a change of concentration of the chemical due to time. However, the difference was not of a magnitude that may impact public health practices/policies. Test strips comparisons with EPA IC methods were non-conclusive since test strips were unable to detect measurable amounts of nitrate/nitrites. Future studies of nitrate concentrations with respect to chemical and biological components in water may lead to a greater understanding of its change in the environment and thus its association with other potential health hazards.
The effectiveness of ozone-chlorine treatment for reducing chloramine concentration compared to chlorine treatment in swimming pools and whirlpools
Authors: Mah Derrick , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Heacock Helen
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Chloramines are by-products of chlorine disinfected swimming pools and are hazardous to people if chloramines evaporate into the air. There is evidence that chloramines cause upper respiratory tract and eye irritation. It was suspected that ozone treatment in addition to chlorine disinfection will reduce chloramine levels in the pool. The following study compared chloramine concentration in a strictly chlorine disinfected swimming pool and whirlpool (C.G. Brown) in Burnaby, BC with an ozone-chlorine disinfected swimming pool and whirlpool (Killarney) in Vancouver, BC. The study also compared each pool and whirlpool to the 1.0 mg/L combined chlorine concentration limit in the B.C. Pool Regulation. Methods: Chloramine concentrations were determined by using a Hach Pocket Colorimeter 2 Analysis System which used a DPD method of analysis. Chloramine was determined by subtracting total chlorine by the free chlorine. Thirty pool water samples were analyzed based on two samples per pool per day for fifteen days. A two sample t-test was used to compare the ozone-chlorine treated pools with the chlorine only treated pools using the Mann-Whitney U test. A z-test was used to compare all types of swimming pools and whirlpools to the 1.0 mg/L limit. Results: The chloramine concentration in both the ozone-chlorine disinfected swimming pool and whirlpool was not statistically significantly lower than in the chlorine disinfected swimming pool (p=0.263597) and whirlpool (p=0.523672). Both types of swimming pools were found to be statistically significantly greater than the 1.0 mg/L chloramine limit (p=0.000023 in the chlorine pool and p=0.00001 for the ozone-chlorine pool). Similarly, both types of whirlpools were determined to be statistically significantly greater than the 1.0 mg/L chloramine limit (p=0.000001 for the chlorine pool and p=0.000001 for the ozone-chlorine pool). Conclusion: It was determined that there was no difference between ozone chlorine treated pools and chlorine only treated pools. Environmental Health Officers can suggest other forms of secondary treatment instead of ozone since there is no significant difference compared to chlorine only treated pools in reducing chloramine concentrations. This information is also beneficial for pool operators because they can increase their flow rates for pools that use ozonation or strictly chlorination relative to what they were originally designed for.
Effects of light emissions from LCD monitors on public health
Authors: Yu Wilson , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Sidhu Bobby , Zitouni Abderrachid
Published: September 2020

Background: Evidence suggests that exposure to prolonged use of computer monitors may lead to eye discomforts such as eyestrain, blurred vision, headaches, as well as computer vision syndrome. With the increase of internet and computer use at school and work, it raises a serious concern on whether or not the users are affected negatively. Objectives: The following study focuses on estimating the risk of using computers at the British Columbia Technology of Institute (BCIT) laboratories to determine if there is sufficient room lighting (illuminance) and monitor brightness (luminance) to ensure the safety of students at the school. Methods: Illuminance and luminance were both measured by means of a calibrated Unfors Xi light detector connected to a base unit. Several areas of each environment and monitor were measured and average values were taken to ensure that the data was reliable. The data were compared to applicable standards to determine if room lighting and computer brightness at BCIT were appropriate for safe student use. Results: The average illuminance was measured to be 405.4 Lux when the recommended level is 500 Lux. The results are considered statistically significant (p-value = 2x10-6). On the other hand, the luminance measurements averaged a reading of 94.6 cd/cm2 when the recommended minimum luminance level is 80 cd/cm2 (p-value = 0.99964). Discussion: The collected data show that the illuminance inside the BCIT laboratories where testing was conducted is not sufficient while the luminance of computer screens was found acceptable. Conclusion: The measurement of the illuminance inside BCIT laboratories showed that room lighting was insufficient and alternations of the monitor's brightness were made to compensate for insufficient lighting. It is recommended to increase room lighting in the tested laboratories in order to have all areas of the laboratory sufficiently lit at all times. This is to ensure that all students at BCIT are provided with a safe and healthy environment for computer use.