bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-agricultural legal entities as owners of land plots
Authors: Cholombytko Y. O.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the legal nature of non-agricultural legal entities under private law, their status in land relations and the specifics of their exercise of ownership of non-agricultural land plots. Analyzing the current land legislation of Ukraine, the author comes to the conclusion that the category of non- agricultural legal entities includes entities whose activities are not related to agricultural production, and non-agricultural land is the main spatial resource for the implementation of their functions. The article also examines the historical development of legal regulation of non-agricultural land, emphasizing the importance of establishing a balance between the rational use of such land and minimizing the negative impact of non-agricultural activities on agriculture.
The author examines the land legal personality of foreign legal entities, emphasizing their predominantly non-agricultural activities, given the existing prohibition on the acquisition of agricultural land into private ownership by these entities.
The article proposes to expand the content of Article 82 of the Land Code of Ukraine by allowing legal entities under private law to use land plots not only for business, but also for other types of economic activities. The author also argues for the expediency of easing the existing restrictions on the acquisition of non-agricultural land by foreign legal entities into private ownership, which will help to attract investment and economic development.
The article emphasizes the importance of state registration of land plots and rights to them, which is carried out through two separate State registers – the State Land Cadastre and the State Register of Real Property Rights and Encumbrances. The author substantiates the need to integrate these registers under the management of a single body, which will help to eliminate duplication of functions, increase transparency, accuracy of information and reduce bureaucratic burden, referring to the experience of European countries, in particular Moldova, which demonstrates the effectiveness of combining the functions of cadastre and registration of rights to real estate in a single body.
State control of public sports associations: administrative and legal aspect
Authors: Artemiev Y. A.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the administrative and legal foundations of state supervision over public associations of sports in Ukraine. Sports federations are considered key institutions that ensure the development of sports infrastructure, the organization of national and international competitions, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among the population and the implementation of national interests in the international arena. However, modern legislation does not fully meet the needs of effective control over the activities of these associations, and the current supervision mechanisms are often superficial. They do not take into account the specific features of sports activities and limit the capabilities of federations to make operational decisions, which negatively affects their ability to respond quickly to challenges and develop the sports movement.
Particular attention is paid to the experience of France, which has successfully implemented a control model that combines the autonomy of sports federations with effective state supervision. The French system provides for transparent funding procedures, regular reporting, training of highly qualified specialists for supervisory bodies and continuous monitoring of the use of state resources. This approach contributes to the rational use of funds and increases the efficiency of sports federations, which is a valuable reference point for reforming the Ukrainian system.
Based on this experience, it is proposed to introduce similar control standards in Ukraine. In particular, this includes the development of criteria for assessing the efficiency of sports federations, improving the skills of state control specialists, creating a systematic monitoring of their activities and updating the legislative framework for more transparent financing. This will allow achieving better interaction between the state and sports associations, which will ensure support for sports at all levels.
Thus, reforming the administrative and legal mechanisms for supervising sports federations in Ukraine is an important step towards creating favorable conditions for the effective development of sports. This will also strengthen Ukraine’s position in the international sports arena, contributing to the integration of Ukrainian sports into the global context and laying the foundation for stable and competitive development of the sports industry at the national level.
Legal means of civil-military cooperation between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and volunteer organizations
Authors: Bondar V. P.
Published: February 2025

The article shows that the instrumental theory of law has become the basis for further development of the concepts of legal means in relation to various types of social relations. The value of this category of legal instruments lies in the fact that their combination forms the mechanisms of legal regulation by which the purpose enshrined in legal acts is realized, and also periodic legal monitoring is carried out with a view to identifying weaknesses in legal regulation.
The author substantiates that the area of interaction has a complex synthetic nature, since it combines legal, communication and information components. Interaction as an area of activity covers the joint work of entities which are different in their legal nature, and their informing each other about important aspects of a problem which is in their common area of interest. Interaction includes planning, which allows to use the potential capabilities of each entity to achieve their common goals. The author emphasizes the fruitful use of interaction opportunities to strengthen the control system.
The author emphasizes that the interaction between civil-military cooperation units and volunteer organizations, on the one hand, is characterized by the features inherent in interaction in its general sense. This interaction has certain peculiarities. First, the legal status of partners in this type of interaction is different: while civil-military cooperation units are an element of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, headed by military officials with inherent competence and authority, volunteer organizations are an element of civil society, and their activities are carried out on a voluntary basis. Secondly, the relations that develop in the system of management of civil-military cooperation units are hierarchical in nature, while volunteer organizations usually use a wide range of democratic management methods.
The author identifies the properties which distinguish legal means of civil-military cooperation from other phenomena of legal reality. It is concluded that legal means of civil-military cooperation between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and volunteer organizations are legal instruments by which the subjects of cooperation achieve their common goals. By type, such legal means can be divided into universal ones, which are inherent in all legal relations into which civil-military cooperation units and volunteer organizations enter, and special ones, which are characterized by the presence of discretionary elements in the course of exercising their legal personality by these subjects.
Domestic and international experience of using artificial intelligence technologies in law enforcement activities
Authors: Viktorchuk M. V. , Bogatko A. S.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the study of the application of artificial intelligence technologies in law enforcement activities in Ukraine and the world. The purpose of the article is to analyze the international and domestic experience of using digital technologies in law enforcement activities, to identify the shortcomings of the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in this area, to provide proposals for its improvement in Ukraine.
It was found that one of the countries that is actively expanding the use of artificial intelligence and successfully introducing relevant technologies into public administration is China. The artificial intelligence system which is used in China called «Zero Trust». The purpose of using this system is to prevent the commission of corruption offenses.
It is emphasized, that the disadvantage of the «Zero Trust» system is that artificial intelligence, identifying the cause of corruption, does not indicate the algorithms and principles of this process. At the same time, the experience of using artificial intelligence in the field of preventing and combating corruption in Ukraine is considered when carrying out automated verification of persons declarations of authorized to perform state and local government functions. Ways of improving legal regulation when conducting financial control of declarations using artificial intelligence technologies are proposed.
It has been found that artificial intelligence is widely used in the USA to predict the prevalence and state of crime. It was emphasized that Ukraine also has experience in the application of artificial intelligence technologies in law enforcement activities. Artificial intelligence is used in the development and implementation of departmental specialized intelligent software, the implementation of operative and investigative actions (for the recognition of video objects observation by comparing images in social networks, etc).
It was concluded that artificial intelligence and digital technologies help to quickly process large volumes of information in the investigation and prevention of criminal activity. Modern developments in the field of artificial intelligence and advanced digital technologies, which are implemented in foreign countries to prevent and fight crime, are of great importance for the improvement of legal regulation in this field in Ukraine.
On the issue of determining the legal nature of the employee’s right to disconnect: philosophical and legal analysis
Authors: Shyroka S. I. , Gutsu S. F.
Published: February 2025

The modern world of work is becoming more and more globalized and technological every year. The information required to perform a large number of work tasks is now available in real time via an Internet connection. In turn, the speed and volume of information to which a person in the workplace must respond (receive, process, and transmit) has increased several times over the past ten years. This cannot but affect the mental and emotional state of a person and, of course, leads to overwork and “professional burnout.” The so-called “right to disconnect” plays a key role in maintaining the balance between work and personal life and preserving the employee’s health. The article provides a philosophical and legal analysis of the employee’s right to disconnect. It is noted that the development of production in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries actualized the problems of labor alienation, personal autonomy, human rights, as well as the danger of exhaustion and the lack of boundaries between work and life. The views of the philosophers of this period reflect a deep awareness of the risks of overwork, social control, and loss of individuality in the industrial and later information society. They differ in terms of employees covered, implementation and enforcement requirements. The article analyzes domestic labor legislation with a view to enshrining the right to disconnect as a component of an employee’s right to rest. It is proposed to define the content of the term “right to disconnect” as the right of an employee to be able to disconnect from work and refrain from participating in electronic communications related to his/her work, such as emails and messages, calls or other forms of communication, during non-working hours. It is noted that the restriction of the right to disconnect by remote workers is unjustified. The author emphasizes the need to introduce appropriate amendments to the current legislation in the field of labor protection and social partnership.
Use of information technologies in the administrative justice of Ukraine
Authors: Dzikovskyі M. R.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the conceptual foundations of the introduction of information technologies into the administrative justice system of Ukraine, in particular their role in increasing transparency and accessibility, which will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of the judicial system of Ukraine and strengthening its integration into European standards of justice. The main information platforms used in administrative courts are identified, such as the Unified Judicial Information and Telecommunication System and the «Electronic Court», which contribute to the automation of processes and reduce the bureaucratic burden, as well as significantly improve citizens’ access to justice, allowing to submit documents and appeal to the court regardless of physical location. This is especially important in martial law, when access to judicial institutions can be difficult or dangerous. An analysis of the current regulatory framework, which regulates the use of electronic evidence in administrative cases, is carried out, its development and the need for improvement are indicated, in particular in terms of ensuring the authenticity and integrity of electronic evidence.
In addition, considerable attention was paid to the issues of information security and data protection, which are critically important for the stable functioning of electronic justice and ensuring trust in its work by citizens and the professional community. Problematic aspects of digitalization of the judicial system are identified and prospects for further development are outlined, in particular, the use of artificial intelligence to improve the efficiency of justice. It mentions the issue of the legal status of electronic evidence, which is critical for legal proceedings in the digital age, and the need to ensure information security in the face of growing cyber threats. The novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive approach to assessing the impact of information technologies on administrative justice. The article highlights the need for further development of the regulatory framework, which should provide support for innovative approaches, as well as the need to ensure the continuous improvement of the qualifications of court employees for the proper functioning of the judicial system in conditions of digitalization.
Subjects of public administration in the sphere of taxation
Authors: Dremov D. S.
Published: February 2025

The article presents a study of subjects of public administration in the field of taxation. The author’s aim is to analyse and clarify the legal status of these entities, their tasks and functions.
The author identifies problematic issues in the field of taxation related to administration, including the distribution of powers between different subjects of public administration, their interaction with taxpayers, and gaps in legal regulation. The author emphasises the relevance of the tax system under martial law. It is noted that the effectiveness of the tax system largely depends on the efficiency and continuous improvement of public administration in the area under study.
Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the author notes that public administration in the tax system is a complex system of interactions aimed at efficient tax collection and distribution, which has clearly defined boundaries regulated by law. This process involves various entities, each of which performs its own functions. All of them interact with each other to ensure the proper functioning of the tax system.
The article describes the legal status and specific functions of subjects of public administration in the field of taxation: The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, central executive authorities (the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the State Tax Service of Ukraine, the State Customs Service of Ukraine), and local self-government bodies.
Considerable attention is paid to the issues of administration of local taxes and fees. The author notes that the ability of local councils to independently establish taxes and fees allows them to adapt the tax system to the specific needs of individual territories, which is especially relevant in the context of martial law.
The author comes to the conclusion that predictability and stability in the tax system is ensured by the exercise by subjects of public administration in the field of taxation of their powers in accordance with the tasks and functions regulated by law. This also allows to avoid duplication of functions and increases the efficiency of management, while the hierarchical structure allows control over the activities of lower-level bodies and promotes transparency of the activities of subjects of public administration in the field of taxation.
The role of financial law in ensuring sustainable development in Ukraine: green economy and investments
Authors: Cherbadzhi Y. G. , Zubko V. V.
Published: February 2025

This article explores the significance of financial law in promoting sustainable development in Ukraine, particularly with regard to fostering a green economy and managing investment processes. The modern global economy increasingly emphasizes the concept of sustainable development, which integrates economic, social, and environmental dimensions. A pivotal approach to achieving this goal is transitioning to a green economy, which focuses on conserving natural resources, reducing environmental harm, and ensuring the sustainable use of resources. Financial law plays a crucial role in this transition, as it provides the legal framework for regulating investment activities, implementing environmental taxation, and supporting ecological initiatives. To facilitate the green economy and attract investments aimed at sustainable growth, it is essential to develop a robust legal foundation. This article examines specific tools and mechanisms for sustainable development, drawing on both international and national practices.
For Ukraine, striving to integrate into global economic systems amid economic transformation, the development of a green economy is of particular importance. However, the successful implementation of a green economy requires an effective legal framework that governs investment flows and upholds environmental standards. Given the unique challenges Ukraine faces in achieving sustainable development, particularly in the context of the ongoing full-scale invasion, the study of financial law’s role in this process is both timely and critical for shaping a holistic approach to green economic development.
The study focuses on the role of state policy in creating a favorable investment climate for green economy projects, as well as the importance of international cooperation in implementing environmentally oriented initiatives. It examines the impact of financial and legal mechanisms on ensuring transparency and efficiency in resource utilization. The research also analyzes contemporary challenges faced by Ukraine in adopting sustainable development principles and outlines prospects for harmonizing national legislation with international standards.
Compensation for moral damage by the employer for mobbing (harassment) of an employee
Authors: Vozniuk M. , Zinovatna I.
Published: February 2025

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the compensation mechanism for moral damage for committing mobbing (harassment) of an employee by the employer.
Adoption of relevant regulatory legal acts to prevent and combat mobbing (bullying) has made the study relevant due to lack of effective instruments for protecting the rights of affected employees who have become victims of bullying. Since mobbing has not only a moral but also an economic impact, including losses for employers due to reduced employee productivity, the study of this topic is relevant both from human rights protection and effective working environment formation that meets the requirements of modern society.
The article analyzed the definitions of mobbing proposed by scientists, provided for by the current legislation of Ukraine and international legal acts. Thus, the European Social Charter and EU directives emphasize the right of employees to decent treatment and establish norms for equality in employment. The authors proposed main characteristics of mobbing, among which there are specific subjects, objects and subject of mobbing, as well as the fact that mobbing is committed with the aim of humiliating dignity, violating labor rights, creating a tense atmosphere and is carried out in the form of psychological or economic pressure.
The scientific work classified mobbing according to various criteria. Particular attention was paid to vertical mobbing (bossing), which has become the most widespread, because employees do not fight this phenomenon, fearing the power of the manager.
Given the research conducted the authors concluded that in order to compensate for moral (non-material) damage, the court must take into account the significant personal losses of the injured person, which are caused by moral or physical suffering, or other negative phenomena as a result of mobbing, the fact of which was confirmed by a court decision.
Based on a thorough analysis of case law, the authors identified following problems with law enforcement: employees often confuse mobbing with the employer’s legitimate requirements; proving the commission of mobbing in court requires a wide range of evidence, including written, physical, electronic, witness statements, etc.; it was established that the compensation claim for moral damage caused by mobbing is a derivative of the basic requirements.
Factors of effectiveness of the implementation of the administrative and legal status of the Commissioner for the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Kozhemyakina T. V.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the factors of effectiveness of the implementation of the administrative-legal status of the Commissioner for the ECHR. It is emphasized that determining the effectiveness of the implementation of the administrative-legal status of the Commissioner for the ECHR is not possible without taking into account the types of functions that this official performs. In practice, there are cases when a public authority entity effectively performs one function and not very effectively another, which does not allow for an objective assessment of its activities in general. It has been established that the Commissioner for the ECHR currently performs three functions – representative, coordinating and informing. Each of the presented functions can be assessed on the scale of «effective» – «not very effective» – «ineffective». If, based on the analysis of the features of the implementation of the functions of the Commissioner for the ECHR, we conclude that all three functions are implemented effectively, then the effectiveness of the implementation of his administrative-legal status should also be recognized. If, on the basis of such an analysis, we conclude that two functions are implemented effectively, and one is not very effectively, then in general it should be stated that the administrative and legal status of the Commissioner for the ECHR is implemented “not very effectively”. It has been proven that the factors that complicate the determination of the effectiveness of the implementation of the administrative and legal status of the Commissioner for the ECHR include the following: a) the activities of the Commissioner for the ECHR cannot always be measured by quantitative indicators; b) the qualitative indicators of the activities of this official are quite subjective and, accordingly, difficult to measure; c) the content of the representative, coordination activities and activities related to informing European structures differ significantly from each other, which complicates the overall assessment of the effectiveness of the activities of the Commissioner for the ECHR; d) the presence of a joint result of the activities of public authorities, when the efforts of the Commissioner are only part of the joint efforts to implement the decisions of the ECHR in Ukraine (especially when it comes to representative and coordination activities). It is concluded that the factors of the effectiveness of the implementation of the administrative and legal status of the Commissioner for the ECHR can be divided into three groups: 1) external; 2) internal; 3) mixed.
Administrative procedures in the national system of combating terrorism in Ukraine
Authors: Kozenko O. O.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the concept of ‘administrative procedure’ and the role of administrative procedures in the national system of counter-terrorism in Ukraine.
Given that the aggressor country systematically commits terrorist acts aimed at destroying critical infrastructure facilities and civilian population of our country, the study of administrative procedures in the national system of counter-terrorism in Ukraine is quite relevant in the context of the full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation.
The article analyses the current legislation of Ukraine and considers the regulatory acts in the field of combating that need to be improved.
The main legal acts that were reviewed were: Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 1172 dated 15.10.2024 ‘On Approval of the Rules of Anti-Terrorist Security’, the provisions of which provide for administrative procedures. However, there is currently no provision in the current legislation on administrative or criminal liability for violation of the Anti-Terrorist Security Rules; the draft Procedure for the Movement of Goods to or from the Area of Anti-Terrorist Operation, which has now expired. However, it played an important role and regulated a number of administrative procedures related to the movement of goods by individuals and business entities to or from the area of the anti-terrorist operation and the draft Procedure for Temporary Restriction of Electronic Communication Services in the Area of the Anti-Terrorist Operation, the provisions of which will also regulate certain administrative procedures in the field of counter-terrorism.
As a result of this study, the author emphasises that Ukrainian legislation needs to be updated and amended to ensure an appropriate level of national security, since the level of terrorist threat in our country is growing, and there are no measures to eliminate terrorist activities.
Legal regulation of the liability of officials when providing public services as a measure to prevent corruption and corruption risks
Authors: Grabylnykova O. A. , Marchenko O. V.
Published: February 2025

The scientific article is devoted to the peculiarities of the responsibility of civil servants when providing public services as a measure to prevent corruption. It is stated that it is necessary to strengthen control over compliance with the principles of providing public services to prevent corruption, in particular the principle of legal responsibility of public administration entities and their officials. It is stated that bringing an official to administrative responsibility for providing public services to prevent corruption and corruption risks should be combined with appropriate disciplinary and tort sanctions. And a significant improvement in the prevention of corruption according to various statistical indicators was achieved by Ukraine during the Great War (the Corruption Perception Index as of 2023 Ukraine ranks 104th, as stated by the non-governmental organization Transparency International) and in the global Corruption Perception Index (CPI) for 2023 Ukraine received 36 points out of 100 possible. In total, over the past 10 years, Ukraine has added 11 points – this is the largest increase among countries that currently have the status of candidates for the EU. In addition, in 2022, Ukraine gained 33 points (+1 point), and took 116th place. Of course, there are certain developments in the process of preventing corruption and corruption risks, but they are insignificant, and require the intensification of the work of government structures in this area.
It is proposed to discipline authorized bodies, introduce a rule according to which, in case of exceeding the deadlines for the provision of public services, the applicant is returned the amount of money for the service in proportion to the time of delay, with the subsequent collection of this amount in favor of the state from the guilty officials.
It is substantiated that at present there is no single element of the offense for bringing officials to administrative liability for unlawful refusal to provide administrative services, for exceeding the deadlines established by technological cards for providing services, and for inciting a person to bribe an official.
Current issues of mobilization in wartime
Authors: Melnik O. O.
Published: February 2025

Ukrainian resistance to full-scale armed aggression of the enemy has been going on for the third year. During this time, a significant number of social processes and institutions have changed taking into account the realities of wartime. This is also evidenced by a significant number of legislative changes, initiatives and political discussions. Current issues of mobilization and reservation were discussed at the Association of Lawyers of Ukraine on September 17, 2024. The organizers of the event were four committees of the APU: the Committee on Military Law, Military Justice and Protection of Veterans’ Rights, the Committee on Labor Law, the Committee on Sports Law and the Committee on Agrarian Law.
Mobilization training and mobilization are components of a complex of measures carried out to ensure the defense of the state (the Law of Ukraine «On Mobilization Training and Mobilization»).
One of the hottest topics throughout the years of the war was and remains the topic of mobilization and reservation of military personnel. Of course, laws regulating public relations in the field of national defense, military service, and military registration have always existed. However, most of them did not take into account the subtleties of the war period that arose in practice. Therefore, starting from February 2022 and to this day, the legislator has been actively adopting new regulatory legal acts that amend existing legislative acts, determine the procedure for implementing certain procedures, etc.
From the very beginning of the full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine, much attention has been paid to the Law of Ukraine “On Mobilization Training and Mobilization”, which determined the principles of mobilization of military personnel, categories of persons entitled to a deferral from conscription, as well as other relevant issues. At the same time, for more than two years, problematic issues that arose in practice were not regulated by any legislative act, and the only source of information was judicial practice and numerous explanations by officials.
A powerful information campaign, demobilization deadlines and a fair recruitment system are needed to resolve these problematic issues that have arisen.
Organizational and legal foundations of the introduction of uniform standards of training in tactical medicine for police officers under martial law: problematic issues and solutions
Authors: Myroniuk S. A.
Published: February 2025

The article clarifies the organizational and legal principles of the introduction of uniform standards of training in tactical medicine for police officers under martial law, identifies problematic issues and ways to solve them.
It was established that, despite the ongoing armed aggression on the territory of Ukraine since 2014, which leads to the death and injury of defenders of Ukraine, only in 2017 did a military accounting specialty related to tactical medicine officially appear in Ukraine (the «combat medic» specialty was officially recognized as an order Ministry of Defense), while there are still no uniform standards for training in tactical medicine and medical support for soldiers. It is noted that one of the important issues at the moment is the adoption of organizational measures to ensure appropriate training of police officers on duty, as there is a shortage of trained professional instructors in pre-medical care and even more so in tactical medicine, as well as the creation of appropriate legal support for their activities. It has been proven that there is an urgent need to create uniform standards for tactical medicine training and uniform standards for tactical medicine instructors and to create standards for equipping police officers, taking into account the needs of the latter in providing self-help and pre-medical assistance to the population. It is proposed to carry out the training of tactical medicine specialists by levels, in accordance with the needs and performance of tasks during tactical training to ensure the capacity of service and combat units. According to the levels, tactical medicine instructors can be persons who have basic knowledge of tactical-special and fire training (military, police officers, both active and those who have retired or commissioned due to health conditions), have received a certificate or instructor certificate from pre-medical care and/or, have a medical education (this condition is mandatory for a tactical medicine instructor for combat medics) and have passed the exam for a tactical medicine instructor at emergency medical aid and disaster medicine centers, educational training centers, qualification centers, higher military educational institutions, institutions of higher education with specific study conditions.
Purpose of forming the state juvenile policy: weekend basis
Authors: Molchanov R. Y.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the theoretical and practical foundations of the formation of state juvenile policy. In particular, the initial principles on which an effective juvenile policy should be based are considered, in particular the principles of human rights, social justice, a preventive approach and an interdisciplinary approach. The author analyzes the role of state institutions in ensuring children’s rights, as well as the interaction between different levels of government and public organizations. The importance of integrating social, legal and psychological aspects into the process of developing juvenile policy, as well as its adaptation to changing socio-cultural conditions, is emphasized. The key challenges and prospects facing the state in the context of protecting children’s rights and preventing juvenile delinquency are also highlighted.
The importance of interagency and intersectoral cooperation for the implementation of juvenile policy is also discussed. The emphasis is placed on the need for a comprehensive approach to the problem, which includes the interaction of social protection bodies, education, healthcare, law enforcement bodies and justice bodies. The author proposes a vision of a model of state juvenile policy, which is aimed not only at punishing offenders, but also at creating favorable conditions for their rehabilitation and social adaptation. The issue of ensuring children’s access to necessary social services, in particular in the field of psychosocial support and education, is also considered.
An important aspect of the article is the identification of priority areas for the development of juvenile policy, including improving the legislative framework, modernizing the system of upbringing and support for children, and improving preventive measures to prevent delinquency among minors. In addition, the author emphasizes the need for constant assessment of the effectiveness of state juvenile policy and its adaptation to changes in society, in particular by taking into account the latest approaches in the field of psychology, sociology, and pedagogy.
The article provides important recommendations for specialists in the field of juvenile justice, social workers, teachers, and representatives of state bodies who work with children and adolescents in difficult life situations.
Classification of guarantees of social protection of civil servants
Authors: Shapovalova K. G.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to a systematic analysis of legal guarantees that provide social protection of civil servants in Ukraine, with the aim of classifying them and identifying gaps in legal regulation. Ensuring proper social protection of public servants is the main condition for increasing their motivation, efficiency and stability of the functioning of the public service, which, in turn, contributes to improving the quality of public administration and strengthening trust in public institutions.
The article analyzes the existing legal guarantees of social protection, which cover a wide range of civil servants’ rights: to wages, social insurance, pensions, health care, as well as other social benefits and guarantees. The scientific study justified the need to classify legal guarantees to facilitate their understanding and ensure proper enforcement. The author offers several approaches to the classification of guarantees, depending on their nature, sources of legal regulation, subjects of protection and implementation mechanisms, which contributes to more effective application of guarantees in practice.
The article pays special attention to the identification of problems that arise in the process of implementing and protecting the social rights of civil servants, in particular due to the inconsistency of legal norms that regulate various aspects of social protection. The proposed classification helps to consider all elements of the guarantee system as a single whole, which ensures their comprehensive implementation. It was determined that one of the key problems is the fragmentation of legal regulation, when certain aspects of social protection are considered in different legal acts, which complicates the implementation of these rights in practice. The issue of the correlation of general social rights of civil servants with specific social guarantees, which are provided for certain categories of civil servants depending on the conditions of their service, is considered separately.
The classification of social protection guarantees makes it possible to build a more transparent and accessible mechanism for their implementation, which will contribute to increasing the level of legal protection of civil servants, strengthening social stability in the public sector and improving the quality of public administration as a whole.
Problematic aspects of proving the event of a criminal offense: analysis of documenting time, place, method, and other circumstances of committing a criminal offense
Authors: Titova N. V.
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the problematic aspects of proving the event of a criminal offense, particularly the documentation of key circumstances such as time, place, method, and other conditions of the offense. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of paragraph 10 of Article 236 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which establishes the mandatory recording of investigative actions using audio and video recording. The issue of «continuous recording», highlighted by scholars and contributing to inconsistent court rulings, is explored.
Examples from judicial practice are considered, demonstrating the consequences of failing to comply with the requirements for documenting searches. The impact of such violations an the admissibility of evidence in criminal proceeding and the protection of participants’ rights is analyzed. Special attention is given to the problems of video recording interruptions, which may serve as grounds for declaring evidence inadmissible and significantly affect the investigation results. The need for improvement in legislative norms regulating the procedure for documenting search is highlighted, in order to enhance their legal clarity and ensure the protection of participants’ rights in criminal proceedings.
The article is dedicated to substantiating the urgency of conducting a search as a procedural action in criminal proceedings. It emphasizes the need for authorized. It emphasize the need for authorized person to clearly ascertain the reasons justifying the urgency of entering a dwelling or other property. The legal grounds for conducting urgent searches are analyzed, with an emphasis on the fact that urgency must be based on clear legislative principles, specifically concerning property or life, rather than general purposes of evidence collection.
Special attention is given to the erroneous identification of “securing property” with the discovery and seizure of evidence, which creates risks of abuse of this procedural tool.
The article emphasizes the need for improving the legal regulation and its interpretation to ensure proper procedural order in conducting investigative (search) actions, which will contribute to a full and objective determination of the circumstances of the criminal offense.
It is concluded that the search remains one of the key means of establishing the circumstances of a criminal offense; however, its effectiveness depends on the correct interpretation and application of legal norms. Ways to improve legal regulation are suggested to ensure a balance between the effectiveness of investigations and the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens.
Principles of prosecutorial self-government in Ukraine
Authors: Mykhailiuk S. S.
Published: February 2025

The article is aimed at defining the concept and characterising the principles of prosecutorial self-government in Ukraine.
It is determined that the principles of prosecutorial self-government are the basic fundamental ideas, provisions and requirements which characterise the essence and content of prosecutorial self-government, the procedure for its implementation, and reflect its main regularities.
The author notes that the existence of prosecutorial self-government itself is already defined as a principle of prosecution organisation. The author forms a system of principles of prosecutorial self-government which includes the principles of prosecutorial self-government aimed at ensuring independence of prosecutors, election, collegiality, transparency, and prohibition of interference by prosecutorial self-government bodies with the exercise of prosecutors’ powers.
The author analyses each of these principles.
It is noted that among all the tasks of prosecutorial self-government, one of the most important is the task aimed at strengthening the independence of prosecutors and protection against interference in their activities. In this regard, an independent principle of prosecutorial self-government has been formulated – the principle of prosecutorial self-government aimed at ensuring the independence of prosecutors.
The principle of election means that the prosecutorial self-government bodies are formed by holding elections. The right of each prosecutor to elect and be elected to the bodies of prosecutorial self-government is a guarantee of the principle of election. Attention is drawn to the inconsistencies in the use of the terms ‘election’ and ‘appointment’ in the legislation.
The principle of collegiality as a principle of prosecutorial self-government is an organic continuation of the very essence of self-government as a collective decision-making by prosecutors on internal matters. It is noted that collegiality in the activities of prosecutorial self-government bodies is in sharp contrast to another form of resolving issues in the prosecutor’s office - sole authority.
When describing transparency as a principle of prosecutorial self-government, the author determines that transparency can be considered both internal and external. The principle of prohibition of interference by prosecutorial self-government bodies with the exercise of powers by prosecutors means that these bodies have no right to influence in any way the decision-making of prosecutors in the course of performing the functions of the prosecution defined by law.
Based on the results of the study, the author formulates a proposal for improving the legislation.
Military artificial intelligence technologies: modern international legal directions for scientific research
Authors: Derkach O. O. , Zabara I. M.
Published: February 2025

The focus of the article is on the contemporary international legal domains of scientific research concerning the application of artificial intelligence technologies in the military. The authors note that the current issue of using artificial intelligence technologies for military purposes is gaining special attention among a wide range of practitioners and scholars alike and continues to be one of the most difficult subjects to study. Artificial intelligence technologies pose new challenges and threats to modern international law, particularly in the military sphere, where uncontrolled use of these technologies can threaten international peace and security. In this regard, the ideas and positions of leading experts who provide their vision of certain aspects of international legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technologies for military purposes are important, relevant, and interesting. The purpose of the article is to determine the current international legal trends in the study of the use of artificial intelligence technologies for military purposes.Taking into account the scientific works of recent years, the authors identify the main trends in the development of international legal thought on the use of artificial intelligence in the military sphere, with a primary focus on theoretical issues regarding the place, role, necessity, and ability of international law to regulate the use of these technologies. The article specifically talks about the issues that are at stake: (a) whether international law can regulate the use of AI technologies for military purposes; (b) whether international law can determine the moral and ethical aspects (criteria) for judging the use of AI for military purposes; (c) whether international law can regulate the use of AI and robotic (cyber-physical) systems together for military purposes, as well as their use in autonomous weapons systems; and (d) whether international law can regulate the use of AI for military purposes. The authors provide a brief overview and conclude these thematic scientific developments, allowing for a conceptual look at a wide range of professional theoretical positions and approaches.