bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple Protocol for immunoglobulin G Purification from Camel “Camelus dromedarius” Serum
Authors: Shawki Asmaa , Abd El-Baky Nawal , Ahmed Mohammed , Linjawi Mustafa H. , Aljaddawi Abdullah A. , Redwan Elrashdy M.
Published: May 2017

The present study aimed to describe and standardize a simple and efficient protocol for purification of camel IgG from serum, which can be applied for Camilidae antibody production in research laboratories, the preindustrial stage. Camel serum IgG was separated with caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate, then the effect of four variables studied: caprylic acid concentration, pH, stirring time, and stirring intensity. Camel IgG prepared by standardized caprylic acid fractionation method for camel serum was compared with commercial anti-sera products. Camel IgG purification from undiluted sera using caprylic acid at concentration of 8% v/v gave the best results. Purification at different pH values using caprylic acid at 8% v/v revealed that pH 5.5 was optimal. Investigating purification at different stirring time intervals using 8% v/v caprylic acid at pH 5.5 demonstrated that stirring for 90 min gave the optimum results. Finally, studying purification at different stirring intensities using 8% v/v caprylic acid at pH 5.5 for 90 min, the best stirring intensity was at 450 rpm. Overall, the results suggest that caprylic acid purification of camel serum IgG is more effective and safe than ammonium sulfate method in simplicity, purity, and lower non-IgG proteins in the final preparation with lower protein aggregates.
Can somatosensory electrical stimulation relieve spasticity in post-stroke patients? A TMS pilot study
Authors: Peres André Salles Cunha , Souza Victor Hugo , Catunda João Marcos Yamasaki , Mazzeto-Betti Kelley Cristine , Santos-Pontelli Taiza Elaine Grespan , Vargas Claudia Domingues , Baffa Oswaldo , de Araújo Draulio Barros , Pontes-Neto Octávio Marques , Leite João Pereira , Garcia Marco Antonio Cavalcanti
Published: May 2017

Evidence suggests that somatosensory electrical stimulation (SES) may decrease the degree of spasticity from neural drives, although there is no agreement between corticospinal modulation and the level of spasticity. Thus, stroke patients and healthy subjects were submitted to SES (3 Hz) for 30′ on the impaired and dominant forearms, respectively. Motor evoked potentials induced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation were collected from two forearm muscles before and after SES. The passive resistance of the wrist joint was measured with an isokinetic system. We found no evidence of an acute carry-over effect of SES on the degree of spasticity.
On the Gauss-Bonnet for the quasi-Dirac operators on the sphere
Authors: Sitarz Andrzej
Published: May 2017

We investigate examples of Gauss-Bonnet theorem and the scalar curvature for the two-dimensional commutative sphere with quasi-spectral triples obtained by modifying the order-one condition.
The Role of Social Media in Corporate Reputation Management – The Results of the Polish Enterprises
Authors: Szwajca Danuta
Published: May 2017

The exponential growth of the Internet and social media (SM) in the recent years has contributed to changing the communication environment in which stakeholders as their users may post and distribute their opinions about the company and its products. This generates a number of potential threats to the image and reputation of both people and organizations. Companies cannot ignore this fact and should use SM not only as an additional communication marketing channel but also in a broader context - as a tool to build and protect their reputation. This article aims to identify the extent and directions of the use of SM in the activities of companies operating on the Polish market in the area of reputation management. The results of research showed that Polish companies recognize the potential of SM and try to apply them in their marketing efforts. In the approach to the SM as a communication channel, the traditional way of thinking dominates, in which they are treated as just another promotional tool used by two departments: marketing and public relations (PR). This way of using SM is not integrated and does not allow effective building and protecting reputation in the Internet environment. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: critical analysis of literature and analysis of secondary sources in a form of report from the research conducted by various national and foreign research centers.
El proceso de gramaticalización del marcador epistémico deverbal sabes
Authors: Sierra Elena Azofra , Enghels Renata
Published: May 2017

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de reconstruir detalladamente el proceso, los contextos y las motivaciones de gramaticalización seguidos por el marcador epistémico
Hypermobility and Uncanny Praxis in Robert Lepage and Ex Machina’s Devised Solo Work
Authors: Reynolds James
Published: May 2017

Since their first performances in 1994, Robert Lepage and Ex Machina have engaged continuously with mobility by staging characters displaced physically or emotionally from home. Consequently, their narratives experiment with the relationship between onstage and offstage worlds, and inevitably produce un-homely, uncanny effects. These features underpin the hyper-mobility of their theatre, which is further articulated by material and aesthetic practices of mobility, including touring, marketing, and animated scenography. Although this hyper-mobility exploits the theatrical potential of the uncanny, this does not result in an alienating, depoliticised theatre practice. Rather, a complex reading of mobility is generated – particularly in relation to the idea of the city – by the intertwining of an aesthetic of active space with ideas and images of both spatial and social mobility. This reading creates a picture of a hyper-mobile theatre practice with vital, contemporary relevance. It also produces a new description of Lepage’s spatial aesthetic, enables his work to be re-positioned within a particular category of post-modern performance, and characterises Lepage and Ex Machina’s praxis positively.
Theatre Without Walls: The National Theatre of Scotland
Authors: Reid Trish
Published: May 2017

The National Theatre of Scotland (NTS), which began producing work early in 2006, is a building-less theatre company which produces work in collaboration with a range of national and international partners. This article explores the ways in which mobility has been central to the conception and operation of the NTS throughout its first decade. In addition to an extensive commitment to touring, the company has made a feature of producing work in collaboration with local artists and communities across Scotland from Shetland in the far north to Dumfries in the south. The article focuses on the company’s inaugural
The Immobility of Power in British Political Theatre after 2000: Absurdist Dystopias
Authors: Tönnies Merle
Published: May 2017

The paper focuses on the twenty-first-century resurgence of political concerns in British theatre, in the traditional (post-1950s) sense of criticising the unequal distribution of power in society. A key approach combines the seemingly incompatible genre characteristics of dystopia and the Theatre of the Absurd to foreground immobility, and two representative cases of such absurdist dystopias are studied in detail: Mark Ravenhill's

Mobility is denied in a number of respects in these works: In contrast to earlier political theatre in Britain, the unjust hierarchies are not portrayed as changeable, and audiences are pointedly not supposed to be ‘moved’ by any clear-cut messages either. Moreover, the system representatives and their domestic relationships are shown to become increasingly static through the corrupting force of power, both literally and metaphorically. On the whole, these curiously abstract representations result in claustrophobic scenes, which can have profound indirect effects on the spectators. As the plays also allude to the developments in political discourse from New Labour onwards, the pervasive immobility on stage can at the same time be read as obliquely mocking the recurrent insistence on ‘change’ in the rhetoric of all major parties in Britain.
A Simple Model Allowing Modification of the Effect of a Randomized Intervention by Post-Randomization Variables
Authors: Faerber Jennifer A. , Joffe Marshall M. , Small Dylan S. , Zhang Rongmei , Brown Gregory K. , Ten Have Thomas R.
Published: May 2017

We address several questions relating to the use of standard regression and Structural Nested Mean Model (SNMM) approach (e. g., Ten Have et al. 2007) to analyze post-randomization effect modifiers of the intent-to-treat effect of a randomized intervention on a subsequent outcome, which has not been well examined. We show through simulations that the SNMM performs better with respect to bias of estimates of the intervention and interaction effects than does the corresponding standard interaction approach when the baseline intervention is randomized and the post-randomization factors are subject to confounding, and even when there is no association between the intervention and effect modifier. However, causal inference under the SNMM makes untestable assumptions that the causal contrasts do not vary across observed levels of the intervention and post-randomization factor. In addition, the precision of the SNMM-based estimators depends on the effect of the randomized intervention on the post-randomization factor varying across baseline covariate combinations. These issues and methods are illustrated with the application of the standard and causal methods to a randomized cognitive therapy (CT) trial, for which there is a conceptual model of negative cognitive styles or distortions impacted by CT but then in turn modifying the effect of CT on subsequent suicide ideation and social problem solving outcomes.
Are We Really Helping Them? – The Needs of Tort Victims in Mass Litigation Environments
Authors: van Doorn Karlijn , Dybus Charles
Published: May 2017

In the area of mass litigation, little is known about the needs of the individual victim and to what extent these needs are satisfied through the system of collective redress. Are we really helping tort victims through procedures of mass litigation? In response to this question we conducted two studies that focused on the needs of the individual victim in mass litigation contexts. The main results and valuable insights from these studies are presented and compared in this article. We conclude that although the damages have derived from vastly different origins, it is remarkable that some of the needs are rather comparable. Money is not the only need of victims. Sometimes it is not even the primary reason for victims to litigate. Both groups of victims express the need for recognition, taking responsibility, prevention, and information. Moreover, we have found that these victims experience feelings of solidarity, have altruistic needs in multiple forms, and could experience an overwhelming feeling of empowerment in joining a mass litigation process.
The zero gravity curve and surface and radii for geostationary and geosynchronous satellite orbits
Authors: Sjöberg L.E. , Grafarend E.W. , Joud M.S.S.
Published: May 2017

A geosynchronous satellite orbits the Earth along a constant longitude. A special case is the geostationary satellite that is located at a constant position above the equator. The ideal position of a geostationary satellite is at the level of zero gravity, i.e. at the geocentric radius where the gravitational force of the Earth equals the centrifugal force. These forces must be compensated for several perturbing forces, in particular for the lunisolar tides. Considering that the gravity field of the Earth varies not only radially but also laterally, this study focuses on the variations of zero gravity not only on the equator (for geostationary satellites) but also for various latitudes. It is found that the radius of a geostationary satellite deviates from its mean value of 42164.2 km only within ±2 m, mainly due to the spherical harmonic coefficient J22, which is related with the equatorial flattening of the Earth. Away from the equator the zero gravity surface deviates from the ideal radius of a geosynchronous satellite, and more so for higher latitudes. While the radius of the former surface increases towards infinity towards the poles, the latter decreases about 520 m from the equator to the pole. Tidal effects vary these radii within ±2.3 km.
Demand forecasting and information platform in tourism
Authors: Li Yue , Jiang Qi-Jie
Published: May 2017

Information asymmetry and the bullwhip effect have been serious problems in the tourism supply chain. Based on platform theory, this paper established a mathematical model to explore the inner mechanism of a platform’s influence on stakeholders’ ability to forecast demand in tourism. Results showed that the variance of stakeholders’ demand predictions with a platform was smaller than the variance without a platform, which meant that a platform would improve predictions of demand for stakeholders. The higher information-processing ability of the platform also had other effects on demand forecasting. Research on the inner logic of the platform’s influence on stakeholders has important theoretical and realistic value. This area is worthy of further study.
Local kernel nonparametric discriminant analysis for adaptive extraction of complex structures
Authors: Li Quanbao , Wei Fajie , Zhou Shenghan
Published: May 2017

The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is one of popular means for linear feature extraction. It usually performs well when the global data structure is consistent with the local data structure. Other frequently-used approaches of feature extraction usually require linear, independence, or large sample condition. However, in real world applications, these assumptions are not always satisfied or cannot be tested. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive method, local kernel nonparametric discriminant analysis (LKNDA), which integrates conventional discriminant analysis with nonparametric statistics. LKNDA is adept in identifying both complex nonlinear structures and the ad hoc rule. Six simulation cases demonstrate that LKNDA have both parametric and nonparametric algorithm advantages and higher classification accuracy. Quartic unilateral kernel function may provide better robustness of prediction than other functions. LKNDA gives an alternative solution for discriminant cases of complex nonlinear feature extraction or unknown feature extraction. At last, the application of LKNDA in the complex feature extraction of financial market activities is proposed.
City traffic flow breakdown prediction based on fuzzy rough set
Authors: Yang Xu , Da-wei Hu , Bing Su , Duo-jia Zhang
Published: May 2017

In city traffic management, traffic breakdown is a very important issue, which is defined as a speed drop of a certain amount within a dense traffic situation. In order to predict city traffic flow breakdown accurately, in this paper, we propose a novel city traffic flow breakdown prediction algorithm based on fuzzy rough set. Firstly, we illustrate the city traffic flow breakdown problem, in which three definitions are given, that is, 1) Pre-breakdown flow rate, 2) Rate, density, and speed of the traffic flow breakdown, and 3) Duration of the traffic flow breakdown. Moreover, we define a hazard function to represent the probability of the breakdown ending at a given time point. Secondly, as there are many redundant and irrelevant attributes in city flow breakdown prediction, we propose an attribute reduction algorithm using the fuzzy rough set. Thirdly, we discuss how to predict the city traffic flow breakdown based on attribute reduction and SVM classifier. Finally, experiments are conducted by collecting data from I-405 Freeway, which is located at Irvine, California. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve lower average error rate of city traffic flow breakdown prediction.
Research on carbonate reservoir interwell connectivity based on a modified diffusivity filter model
Authors: Wang Wei , Yao Jun , Li Yang , Lv Aimin
Published: May 2017

According to the solution of dual-porosity model, a diffusivity filter model of carbonate reservoir was established, which can effectively illustrate the injection signal attenuation and lag characteristic. The interwell dynamic connectivity inversion model combines a multivariate linear regression (MLR) analysis with a correction coefficient to eliminate the effect of fluctuating bottom-hole pressure (BHP). The modified MLR model was validated by synthetic field with fluctuating BHP. The method was applied to Tahe oilfield which showed that the inversion result was reliable. The interwell dynamic connectivity coefficients could reflect the real interwell connectivity of reservoir. The method is easy to use and proved to be effective in field applications.
Weighing and balancing of principles in cases with rule paradoxes
Authors: Zhu Xinli , Yu Jun
Published: May 2017

Cases with rule paradox are common in Chinese legal practice. The result of the reasoning process in cases with rule paradox is usually exclusion of the application of the seemingly applicable rules and creation of exceptions to the original rules. Therefore, interpreters have a higher standard to meet in their reasoning. The traditional method of “teleological restriction” is susceptible to the criticism of insufficient reasoning, but the method of principle weighing and balancing can enhance the persuasiveness of the reasoning process. According to the law of competing principles proposed of Alexy, rules are produced after principle weighing and balancing. If we reverse Alexy’s law, any rule can be reduced to principle weighing and balancing. This reversal provides theoretical basis for our method of handling cases with rule paradox, which allows interpreters using sociosemiotic approach to rediscover the missing principles and factual elements in individual cases and to reopen the process of principle weighing and balancing before they make decision.
The Structure of Wittgenstein’s Logical Space
Authors: Pilch Martin
Published: May 2017

Wittgenstein developed his notion of “logical space” in late 1914 in the second of his wartime notebooks (MS 102). The paper is discussing this development with respect to possible earlier prototypes (Hertz’s “configuration space” and Boltzmann’s “phase space”) and the role logical space plays in the Prototractatus and the Tractatus itself. It is argued that the use is not a mere metaphorical one but can be understood as a concrete mathematical structure given by the logical relationship between truth-arguments, truth-possibilities and truth-conditions. In this perspective the underlying structure is best made visible with the help of three connected representational spaces (called “parameter space”, “state space” and “propositional space”) and the possible mappings between them instead of studying the one logical space directly.

On the basis of this analysis a proposal is presented to reconstruct Wittgenstein’s elementary propositions as a certain iterative decision procedure or alternatively as filters connected in series acting on state space.With this understanding the colour-exclusion problem can be fully resolved within the logical framework of the Tractatus.
William Friedman, Geneticist Turned Cryptographer
Authors: Goldman Irwin L
Published: May 2017

William Friedman was a geneticist working at Riverbank Laboratories in Illinois. Soon after starting, he became intrigued by one of the lab’s...

William Friedman (1891–1969), trained as a plant geneticist at Cornell University, was employed at Riverbank Laboratories by the eccentric millionaire George Fabyan to work on wheat breeding. Friedman, however, soon became intrigued by and started working on a pet project of Fabyan’s involving the conjecture that Francis Bacon, a polymath known for the study of ciphers, was the real author of Shakespeare’s plays. Thus, beginning in ∼1916, Friedman turned his attention to the so called “Baconian cipher,” and developed decryption techniques that bore similarity to approaches for solving problems in population genetics. His most significant, indeed pathbreaking, work used ideas from genetics and statistics, focusing on analysis of the frequencies of letters in language use. Although he had transitioned from being a geneticist to a cryptographer, his earlier work had resonance in his later pursuits. He soon began working directly for the United States government and produced solutions used to solve complex military ciphers, in particular to break the Japanese Purple code during World War II. Another important legacy of his work was the establishment of the Signal Intelligence Service and eventually the National Security Agency.
Concentration and Behavioral Biases in the Active Management of BRIC Funds
Authors: Fasano Antonio , Boido Claudio
Published: May 2017

This study addresses two targets: first, the relationship between performance measurement and the focusing of fund investment strategies on local risk factors; second, the behavioral considerations which fall under this topic, in particular with regard to fund managers’ overconfidence.Brazil, Russia, India and China were supposed to represent a force of new demand growth and spending power, but the recent financial crisis in China (July and August 2015) and the former problems in the Russian economy, also caused by an embargo by other countries, have contributed to a shift which has occurred more quickly than expected. In this context, weak active management strategies, handicapped by behavioral biases, will be more evident and will cause more harm to the industry. Connections between these biases and the performance of funds are identified with the managers in charge, who are not only misguided by strong beliefs, but also take big bets on risky assets without producing significant alphas. To investigate the relationship between local bias and activism, we compare stock picking skills of local managers, the managing of domestic funds and non-local managers; therefore, we assume that local information can be exploited by a local manager with an active management strategy. It is also true that overconfident managers might be too focused on the specific stocks for which they believe to possess superior information. The results show that BRIC local managers are not closely tied to replication strategies of domestic indices and do not produce significant domestic alphas.
Investments in Agricultural Machinery and its Efficiency in Ukraine
Authors: Stavytskyy Andriy , Prokopenko Oleksandra
Published: May 2017

One of the major conditions of effective agriculture production is sufficient farm mechanization. However, the unstable economic situation in Ukraine, combined with bureaucratic problems, an unstable currency exchange rate, and sharply changed trade routes (which has caused major losses to a number of farms and traders working with the Custom Union) created significant obstacles for investing in machinery in Ukraine. It is especially topical for small and medium farms that usually function in poor economic conditions without any adequate access to the credit market. Consequently, Ukrainian agriculture producers often have an inadequate mechanization rate. As a result, the productivity of Ukrainian farms is significantly lower as compared to other countries that have similar natural conditions in terms of temperatures, precipitation and quality of agricultural lands.A no less important problem is the lack of awareness of small and medium farms, which may not realize the effect that investment has in agriculture machinery. Thus, in order to provide specific numbers for potential investors and prove the efficiency of this fund placement, an expected direct economic effect from machinery investment (as an increased profit from higher yield) was estimated. The first step was to define those types of agricultural machinery that have significant impact on the yield and productivity levels for each of the most important crop types: grain, oil crops, vegetables, fruits, etc. Then, an impact of additional investment in various machinery means on crops yield was estimated. Finally, based on fixed prices and a discount rate, an expected additional profit generated by newly purchased machinery on an average farm was estimated. The model proved especially high profitability of investment in such machinery as ploughs, fertilizers spreaders, harvesters, tractors, and machines for irrigation – most of them are paid off (on a land parcel with area around 2000 ha) in three years or less.
Role of Knowledge Management in Providing Quality Care: A Conceptual Model
Authors:   VIT Business School,VIT University, Vellore, India, SUMATHI G N
Published: May 2017

The purpose of the paper is to signify the effect of factors relating to knowledge management on quality care to patients. A theoretical framework is proposed linking healthcare practitioners’ motivation, knowledge adoption, adaption to web technologies and knowledge friendly culture on quality of care given to patients. The study includes two levels of variables to impart quality care, one is at the level of healthcare practitioner and another is at the organizational level. The factors regarding healthcare practitioner include the motivation to use knowledge management system, knowledge adoption and adaption to web technologies. The factor relating to organization includes the knowledge friendly culture. The conceptual model could be empirically tested using data from healthcare organizations. Propositions are posited for further research. The paper provides value to academicians and practitioners. The outcomes of the empirical study would identify the key factors that pushes healthcare practitioner to contribute to knowledge management system and the policy level modifications could be made to develop, alter and sustain knowledge friendly culture.
Gaps in Knowledge and Awareness Related to Equipment Safety Among Nursing Personnel Working in Pediatric and Neonatal Medical- Surgical Icus at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors:   College of Nursing, Department of Infection Control, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Joshi Poonam , Raghavan S ,   College of Nursing, Department of Infection Control, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Joshi M ,   College of Nursing, Department of Infection Control, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Published: May 2017

Equipments are the essential part of any pediatric or neonatal ICU required for monitoring and care to children and neonates during the ICU stay. The present study was conducted to identify gaps in knowledge and awareness related to equipment safety among nursing personnel working in pediatric and neonatal medical-surgical ICUs in a tertiary care hospital. Sixty one nursing personnel working in pediatric and neonatal ICUs were enrolled using universal sampling technique. A structured pretested and validated tool containing knowledge and awareness questionnaire was used to collect the data ( α = 0.82). More than half of the nursing personnel were between the age group of 26-35 years with the mean age of 30.24 ± 6.56 (22–46). Majority nursing personnel were female (93.4%), working as sister grade II (77%, working as bedside nurses) in PICU ((42.6%), with most having BSc Nursing as their professional qualification, Majority of nursing personnel (83.6%) had not attended in-service education programme and half of them did not have any bedside demonstration of the equipments prior to its installation in the unit. Majority nursing personnel were having medium knowledge (68.9%) and awareness scores (65.6%) related to equipment safety with mean knowledge and awareness scores of 11.5 ± 1.7 (6-16) and 32.9 ± 3.4 (20–40) respectively. No correlation was observed between knowledge and awareness scores of the nursing personnel (p> 0.05).
The (Overwhelming) Improbability of Classical (and Christian) Theism
Authors: Lataster Raphael
Published: May 2017

In the analytic Philosophy of Religion, much ink has been spilt on the existence of some sort of supernatural reality. Such work is usually done by theists; those that find classical theism to be probably true. It is my contention that theism (and especially Christian theism) is unjustly privileged by many in the field (including non-theists), even when supernaturalism has been – competently or incompetently – argued for. As such, I present a series of challenges for the theist, finding them to be insuperable at present. The first such challenge concerns the challenge of polytheism. Polytheism is often very casually overlooked on the basis that monotheism is ‘simpler’. Recognising that such simplicity is not necessarily truth-conducive, I argue that polytheism, as a catch-all hypothesis, ought to be preferred. The second challenge proceeds from an assumption not only of supernaturalism, but also of monotheism. There are infinitely many monotheistic alternatives to theism, which can be conceived by simply tweaking the typical attributes of God. Again, simplicity is typically appealed to, and again found to be unhelpful. Furthermore, there are the deistic alternatives to consider also, many of which are seemingly more probable than theism. Finally, I consider the pantheistic god models, deciding that pantheisms are generally more robust and make fewer ad hoc assumptions about the world. As an aside, I concisely discuss the difficulties in moving from theism to Christian theism, which includes an argument against miracles, and a brief explanation of the increasing trend of questioning Jesus’ historical existence.
Elasto-plastic analysis of functionally graded metal-ceramic beams under mechanical loading
Authors: Kien Nguyen Dinh , Thom Tran Thi , Alexandrov Sergey , Ha Le Thi
Published: May 2017

The elasto-plastic analysis of functionally graded (FG) metal-ceramic beams under mechanical loading by using the finite element method is presented. A bilinear stress-strain relation with isotropic hardening is assumed for elasto-plastic behaviour of metal, and the effective elasto-plastic properties of the functionally graded material are evaluated by using Tamura-Tomota-Ozawa (TTO) model.  A nonlinear beam element based on the classical beam theory is formulated and employed in the analysis. The element employed nonlinear von K\'am\'an strain-displacement relationship is derived by using the neutral surface as reference plane. The layer beam approach, in which the plastic rate equation is solved at Gauss points,  is adopted in updating the stress and evaluating the element nodal force vector and tangent stiffness matrix. Numerical examples are given to show the accuracy of the derived formulation and to illustrate the effect of the material distribution and plastic deformation on the behavior of the beams. The formation and propagation of plastic zone during the loading process is also examined and highlighted.
A qualitative and quantitative analysis of Turkish forest policy documents in the rural development scope
Authors: Erol Seçil Yurdakul , Yıldırım Hasan Tezcan
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT: The interaction between forest resources and forest villagers has made rural development a privileged component of Turkish forest policy. In this context the main aim of the study was to investigate the framing of rural development issues in national forest policy by using content analysis method. The economic aspect is the most prominent dimension regarding rural development in the context of national forest policy, environmental and socio-cultural factors follow it respectively. Also, the main approach depends on supporting the forest villagers and its development is seen as an essential tool to protect the forest resources.
Caudal vena cava thrombosis in a dairy cow (Bos taurus) in Argentina
Authors: Schild Carlos , Armendano Joaquín Ignacio , Liboreiro Matías , Bresky Florencia , Morrell Eleonora , Odriozola Ernesto , Cantón Germán
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT: Caudal vena cava thrombosis (CVCT) is an acute disease secondary to ruminal lactic acidosis and rumenitis with fatal outcome in cattle fed with a high-grain diet. The aim of this paper is to describe CVCT in an adult Holstein cow from a herd in Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Clinical signs included dyspnea, weakness, recumbence, and hemoptysis, followed by death in 3.5 days. Important necropsy findings included multiple hepatic abscesses, a septic thrombus (4.0cm x 2.0cm) in the vena cava adjacent to the liver, and a 15cm hematoma in the right lung. Histological lesions observed in the pulmonary parenchyma included suppurative pneumonia with embolic bacterial colonies and severe interstitial fibroplasia. Dissociation and degeneration of elastic fibers were observed in the pulmonary arteries, and necrotizing vasculitis was present in the caudal vena cava. We concluded that CVCT should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases with acute respiratory signs. The preventive measures to control the CVCT include the reduction of lactic acidosis.
Standard area diagram set for olive leaf spot assessment
Authors: Sachet Marcos Robson , Danner Moeses Andrigo , Citadin Idemir , Pertille Rafael Henrique , Guerrezi Marieli Teresinha
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT: The establishment of olive (Olea europaea) orchards in Brazil is increasing due to their economic potential and benefits to human health. However, a number of limiting factors need to be overcome, such as Olive Leaf Spot (OLS) occurrence, for olives to reach their full potential. OLS, which is caused by Fusicladium oleaginum, results in defoliation and a reduction in fruit production. This study aimed to develop a standard area diagram set (SAD) for the assessment of OLS severity under humid subtropical climate conditions. The SAD was developed with six levels of severity (1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15%) and OLS severity was validated by eight inexperienced raters. Using the SAD provided an increase in accuracy, precision and concordance, while also reducing the smallest difference detectable. The proposed SAD was adequate at estimating the OLS and could be a useful tool for use in epidemiological and phytopathometry studies, evaluation of control strategies and selection of resistant genotypes.
Path analysis for selection of feijoa with greater pulp weight
Authors: Donazzolo Joel , Salla Vanessa Padilha , Sasso Simone Aparecida Zolet , Danner Moeses Andrigo , Citadin Idemir , Nodari Rubens Onofre
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper was to identify the direct and indirect effects of feijoa fruits (Acca sellowiana) traitson pulp weight, in order to use these traits in indirect genotypes selection. Fruits of five feijoa plants were collected in Rio Grande do Sul, in the years of 2009, 2010 and 2011. Six traits were evaluated: diameter, length, total weight, pulp weight, peel thickness and number of seeds per fruit. In the path analysis, with or without ridge regression, pulp weight was considered as the basic variable, and the other traits were considered as explanatory variables. Total weight and fruit diameter had high direct effect, and are the main traits associated with pulp weight. These traits may serve as criteria for indirect selection to increase feijoa pulp weight, since they are easy to be measured.
Tropical forages: morphoanatomy of plants grown in areas with the death of pasture syndrome
Authors: Ribeiro-Júnior N. G. , Fagundes O. S. , Benevenuti A. S. , Yamashita O. M. , Rossi A. A. B. , Carvalho M. A. C. , Silva I. V.
Published: May 2017

Abstract Roots and leaves of Panicum maximum Tanzânia, Mombaça and Massai; Urochloa brizantha Piatã, Marandu and Xaraés; Urochloa humidicola Llanero; Urochloa ruziziensis Ruzizienses; Urochloa hybrida Mulato II and Cynodon nlemfuensis Estrela-roxa were analyzed, seeking to identify characters for better adaptation to the environment that may interfere with digestibility of tissue from the point of view of the rumen in cattle. Were planted ten cultivars in a completely randomized blocks with three repetitions. Was collected vegetative material, which histological slides were prepared from middle third of the sections of roots and leaves. Were observed differences (p>0.05) in the roots: higher volume of epidermal cells (28.62 µm) and overall diameter (1926.41 µm) of Llanero; thicker vascular cylinder (975.09 µm) and more protoxylem (42.25) in Estrela-roxa and occurrence of aerenchyma in cultivars Piatã, Mulato II, Xaraés, Massai, Llanero and Estrela-roxa; Were found higher proportions of bulliform cells in the leaves (121.07 µm) and thicker leaf mesophyll in U. humidicola Llanero (263.63 µm); higher proportion of sclerenchyma fibers in Xaraés and Marandu; lower results for amount of fibers in P. maximum Massai. We conclude that the cultivars Estrela-roxa, Llanero and Massai have greater adaptability to the environment and better nutritional quality.
First record of Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Hydrozoa, Limnomedusae) in a natural freshwater lagoon of Uruguay, with notes on polyp stage in captivity
Authors: Siquier M. G. Failla , Alanis W. S. Serra , Debat C. Martinez
Published: May 2017

Abstract The freshwater cnidarian Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester 1880, has invaded lakes and ponds as well as artificial water bodies throughout the world. The first record in Uruguay corresponding to the jellyfish was made in 1961 in two artificial fountains, with no mention of the polyp form. Although local reports of other related polyp species have been made, information on the benthic form of C. sowerbii is lacking. Here we report the finding of live frustules, solitary individuals, medusae and colonies from a natural lagoon in August 2010, allowing us to observe the morphology and behavior of the polyp stage in captivity. In addition, molecular identification and remarks on the potencial path of introduction are presented. This is the first record in Uruguay of both polyp and medusa stages of C. sowerbii in a natural water body, Del Medio Lagoon (Dpto. de Florida), Uruguay.
Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water
Authors: Salbego J. , Toni C. , Becker A. G. , Zeppenfeld C. C. , Menezes C. C. , Loro V. L. , Heinzmann B. M. , Baldisserotto B.
Published: May 2017

Abstract The transport of live fish is a routine practice in aquaculture and constitutes a considerable source of stress to the animals. The addition of anesthetic to the water used for fish transport can prevent or mitigate the deleterious effects of transport stress. This study investigated the effects of the addition of eugenol (EUG) (1.5 or 3.0 µL L–1) and essential oil of Lippia alba (EOL) (10 or 20 µL L–1) on metabolic parameters (glycogen, lactate and total protein levels) in liver and muscle, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in muscle and brain, and the levels of protein carbonyl (PC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nonprotein thiol groups (NPSH) and activity of glutathione-S-transferase in the liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen; Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) transported for four hours in plastic bags (loading density of 169.2 g L–1). The addition of various concentrations of EUG (1.5 or 3.0 µL L–1) and EOL (10 or 20 µL L–1) to the transport water is advisable for the transportation of silver catfish, since both concentrations of these substances increased the levels of NPSH antioxidant and decreased the TBARS levels in the liver. In addition, the lower liver levels of glycogen and lactate in these groups and lower AChE activity in the brain (EOL 10 or 20 µL L–1) compared to the control group indicate that the energetic metabolism and neurotransmission were lower after administration of anesthetics, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis and sedation status.
Segurança do paciente no cuidado à criança hospitalizada: evidências para enfermagem pediátrica
Authors: Wegner Wiliam , Silva Manuela Usevicius Maia da , Peres Merianny de Avila , Bandeira Larissa Edom , Frantz Elemara , Botene Daisy Zanchi de Abreu , Predebon Caroline Maier
Published: May 2017

RESUMO Objetivos Descrever evidências na literatura internacional para o cuidado seguro da criança hospitalizada após a criação da Aliança Mundial para a Segurança do Paciente e elencar contribuições do referencial teórico geral da segurança do paciente para a enfermagem pediátrica. Método Revisão integrativa da literatura entre 2004 e 2015 nas bases de dados PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, Web of Science e Wiley Online Library, utilizando os descritores Safety or Patient safety, Hospitalized child, Pediatric nursing e Nursing care. Resultados Foram analisados 32 artigos, a maioria norte-americanos, com delineamento descritivo. A qualidade do registro das informações no prontuário, o emprego de checklists e a formação profissional contribuem para o cuidado seguro na enfermagem pediátrica, bem como para melhorias no processo medicamentoso e na parceria com os pais. Conclusão As informações gerais disponíveis sobre a segurança do paciente devem ser incorporadas no cuidado de enfermagem pediátrica.
Direitos e saúde reprodutiva para a população de travestis e transexuais: abjeção e esterilidade simbólica
Authors: Angonese Mônica , Lago Mara Coelho de Souza
Published: May 2017

Resumo Neste artigo, objetivamos refletir sobre direitos e saúde reprodutiva quando pensados para a população trans (travestis, transexuais, transgêneros). Realizamos pesquisa de inspiração etnográfica e análise de documentos brasileiros de saúde e direitos humanos. Por meio disso, verificamos a ausência da população trans nas práticas e nos discursos relacionados a direitos e saúde reprodutiva em geral, bem como sua predominante invisibilidade nos documentos relacionados ao processo transexualizador e aos direitos da comunidade de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais (LGBT). Recorremos aos relatos de pessoas trans, obtidos por meio de observação participante e quatro entrevistas individuais, para problematizarmos o atendimento à saúde reprodutiva, destacando o papel dos profissionais de saúde. Colocamos em análise o aborto, prática a que homens trans também podem ser sujeitos. Por fim, tratamos da heterocisnormatividade reprodutiva, a qual leva a uma situação que propomos denominar “esterilidade simbólica” da população trans. Reprodução e parentalidades, portanto, parecem noções impensáveis quando se trata de pensar sujeitos constituídos pela ideia de abjeção.
A importância histórica e social da infância para a construção do direito à saúde no trabalho
Authors: Aguiar Junior Valdinei Santos de , Vasconcellos Luiz Carlos Fadel de
Published: May 2017

Resumo O reconhecimento do trabalho infantil enquanto problema social que compromete saúde e educação das crianças começa a despontar juridicamente no final do século XVIII e prossegue por todo o século XIX estabelecendo, pouco a pouco, regramentos jurídicos para impedir ou atenuar sua continuidade. A construção de uma normativa jurídica de proteção à infância está histórica e intimamente atrelada ao processo de regulação e proibição do trabalho de crianças nas sociedades industrializadas. Esse processo culmina na configuração de uma concepção de infância apartada do mundo do trabalho, mas, contraditoriamente, a ele atrelada. Este texto tem como objetivo estabelecer uma relação entre a evolução da norma protetiva da saúde no trabalho e a mudança de concepção de infância, tendo como panorama de análise o contexto sócio-histórico do Reino Unido no período entre 1788 e 1879, em que importantes leis trabalhistas foram publicadas visando a impor regras ao emprego de crianças. Verifica e sublinha que o próprio avanço da norma trabalhista referente à saúde foi decorrente do olhar sobre o trabalho infantil nas indústrias. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica sobre infância, trabalho infantil e análise de documentos oficiais, principalmente do período especificado. Os resultados demonstram a importância da infância na mudança do contrato social com foco na relação saúde-trabalho; a transição de um trabalho fabril para o trabalho escolar; e a evidência de que as crianças são sujeitos ativos e coprodutores da realidade social.
Diplomacia da saúde global: proposta de modelo conceitual
Authors: Martins Pollyanna , Aguiar Andréa Silvia Walter de , Mesquita Caroline Antero Machado , Alexandrino Francisca Jamila Ricarte , Silva Nayane Cavalcante Ferreira da , Moreno Melinna dos Santos
Published: May 2017

Resumo Este estudo busca construir, a partir das publicações sobre diplomacia da saúde global (DSG), representação deste campo de conhecimento, seus principais conceitos e características. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed, fez-se uma busca integrada das produções científicas publicadas até agosto de 2016. Os descritores identificados e critérios de inclusão adotados selecionaram 54 publicações que compuseram a amostra final. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por estatística descritiva, e as informações qualitativas, pela análise de conteúdo temática. As publicações sobre o tema tiveram início em 1970, mas 85,2% abrangem o período de 2007 a 2014. A partir da análise de conteúdo dos resultados das produções científicas, foi elaborado um modelo teórico conceitual que abrange os seguintes macrotemas da DSG: conceito de diplomacia da saúde; uso da diplomacia na cooperação internacional em pesquisa; diplomacia da saúde como ferramenta para fortalecer a política externa; estratégias dos países para fortalecer a DSG e cooperação internacional entre os países; diplomacia da saúde fortalecendo a saúde global; saúde como um bem comum entre as nações em um período de globalização e desafios da diplomacia da saúde para fortalecer a saúde global. A DSG compreende estratégias dos países e cooperação internacional para fortalecer a saúde global e é uma ferramenta para fortalecer a política externa das nações. Promover a cooperação internacional em pesquisa, capacitar recursos humanos nessa área e emancipar países emergentes com base nas intervenções realizadas constituem grandes desafios da DSG.
Hospitalization in older adults: association with multimorbidity, primary health care and private health plan
Authors: Nunes Bruno Pereira , Soares Mariangela Uhlmann , Wachs Louriele Soares , Volz Pâmela Moraes , Saes Mirelle de Oliveira , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , Thumé Elaine , Facchini Luiz Augusto
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association of multimorbidity, primary health care model and possession of a private health plan with hospitalization. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study with 1,593 elderly individuals (60 years old or older) living in the urban area of the city of Bagé, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The outcome was hospitalization in the year preceding the interview. The multimorbidity was evaluated through two cut-off points (≥ 2 and ≥ 3). The primary health care model was defined by residence in areas covered by traditional care or by Family Health Strategy. The older adults mentioned the possession of a private health plan. We performed a gross and adjusted analysis by Poisson regression using a hierarchical model. The adjustment included demographic, socioeconomic, functional capacity disability and health services variables. RESULTS The occurrence of overall and non-surgical hospitalization was 17.7% (95%CI 15.8–19.6) and 10.6% (95%CI 9.1–12.1), respectively. Older adults with multimorbidity were admitted to hospitals more often when to older adults without multimorbidity, regardless of the exhibition’ form of operation. Having a private health plan increased the hospitalization by 1.71 (95%CI 1.09–2.69) times among residents in the areas of the Family Health Strategy when compared to elderly residents in traditional areas without a private health plan. CONCLUSIONS The multimorbidity increased the occurrence of hospitalizations, especially non-surgical ones. Hospitalization was more frequent in older adults with private health plan and those living in Family Health Strategy areas, regardless of the presence of multiple diseases.