bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMAL INTERRELATION OF HYDROLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL INDICATORS OF RIVERS FLOWING IN ZONES OF HETEROGENEOUS HYDROGRAPHIC LANDSCAPE
Authors:   Institute of Water Problems, Baku, Hajiyev G. , Eminov R ,   Azerbaijan State University of Petroleum and Industry, Baku
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to a model study of the optimal relationship between hydrological and meteorological indicators of rivers flowing in zones with a variable hydrographic landscape. The aim of the work is to scientifically substantiate the conditions for achieving the extreme hydrometeorological indicators of river water flows in the studied hydrographic network of long rivers flowing through zones with a sharply changing landscape. The authors consider a heterogeneous model of river water flow, where in the entire length of the water mass movement, the average value of precipitation (and evaporation rate ( ) in some parts of the river vary naturally. The problem of calculating the optimal interrelation and, at which the newly introduced parameter, defined as the sum of the ratio of evaporation capacity to precipitation, would reach a maximum is stated. The solution of this problem by the variational method allowed to formulate and solve the problem of calculating the value of the index (sum of values of positive mean monthly temperature) at given values of the index k (), which would provide the specified maximum.The object of the study is rivers flowing in the zones of heterogeneous hydrographic landscape.The subject of the study is the relationship of hydrological meteorological indicators of rivers.The aim of the work is to scientifically substantiate the conditions for achieving the extreme hydrometeorological indicators of river water flows in the studied hydrographic network of long rivers flowing through zones with sharply changing landscape.Research methodology: the principle of determinism, objectivity, comprehensiveness, methodological triangulation. Research methods: phenomenological, analysis, generalization
MASS CONSCIOUSNESS AS AN OBJECT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF MANIPULATIVE IMPACT
Authors:   Department of Humanities and foreign languages Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute branch of the Don state Agricultural University, Zernograd, Voroshilova O. , Zueva T. ,   Department of Humanities and foreign languages Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute branch of the Don state Agricultural University, Zernograd
Published: April 2022

The work examines various approaches to the concept of consciousness manipulation, the main elements of manipulative influence, highlights the main features and methods of implementing manipulative technologies in the political sphere. Also, the main characteristics of the masses and mass consciousness are considered as an object of the implementation of manipulative influence. The main feature of the mass is the temporality of its existence. It is functional and dynamic, and its emergence and functioning is carried out on the basis of internal, psychological laws, although external influencing factors can act as prerequisites for its emergence. From the point of view of content, knowledge, ideas, norms, values and patterns of behavior are imprinted in the mass consciousness, which are shared by a given mass. As a rule, they are developed in the process of communication between people and the joint perception of any socio-political information. At the same time, the structure of mass consciousness is divided into two main levels: the emotional-effective level (extreme experience of any social problem, which is expressed in emotions and feelings that supplant habitual norms, values and patterns of behavior) and the rational level (includes cognitive components - public knowledge, massively discussed and shared information). The rational level of mass consciousness contains several blocks, and, in this context, the block of socio-political values, which has a dominant influence on the perception of the existing reality by the mass consciousness, is of undoubted interest from the point of view of manipulative influence. In this connection, it seems to the authors appropriate to consider the manipulative possibilities of the influence of political ideology on the mass consciousness, as one of the sources of the formation of value orientations
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF POLITICAL PARTIES
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Chita, Zimina N.
Published: April 2022

The subyecf of the analysis is the methods of party research, which is reflected in the topic of the article. The риг- pose of the scientific analysis of the research methodology of political parties is a complete and comprehensive analysis of the methods used in the study of political parties, taking into account the changing research methods of such a dynamically changing political institution as the party. The basis of the political science analysis of the methodology of political parties is the study of the appropriate methods used by scientists in the research of the parties1 activities, setting their goals and objectives. Political parties have their own organizational basis, their own charter, program, leaders, their own goals and objectives and perform certain functions. One of the goals of any political party is to participate in the political life of society, in solving its issues. Political parties today are of wide scientific and research interest and are therefore studied from all sides. The methods used in the study of such a political phenomenon as a party are quite diverse and original, taking into account the emergence of new political technologies, such as the Internet and information technology. Parties occupy an intermediate position between society and the state, being the main institution of civil society, constantly developing and filling political life with dynamics. The inconsistency of the party phenomenon development leads to methodological difficulties in the study of political parties, which in the most generalized form can be formulated as the ambiguity of the manifestation of everything related to politics, the versatility of political phenomena. The article attempts to analyze the most common methods of research of political parties today
ISLAM AS A FACTOR OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL SOCIETY IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Authors:   Orel Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V. V. Lukyanov, Orel, Salnikov E. , Vlasov V. ,   Orel Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V. V. Lukyanov, Orel
Published: April 2022

In recent decades, there has been an active penetration of the so-called «pure Islam» into the national republics of the North Caucasus, which has led to a confrontation with Sufi Islam, traditional for this region. In this regard, the article analyzes the processes of transformation of the North Caucasian society that are currently being observed due to the displacement of the population from villages to cities, which, according to the authors, entails the destruction of traditional society. The paper substantiates the relationship between the processes of Islami- zation and transformation of modern North Caucasian society. This problem is relevant, since civil confrontation in this region may threaten the integrity of the Russian Federation. The object of the study is the political and legal transformation of traditional society in the North Caucasus. The subject of the study is Islam as a factor of the political-right transformation of traditional society on the example of the national republics of the North Caucasus. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature of the relationship between the political and legal transformation of North Caucasian society and its Islamization. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the authors have set the following tasks:1) to analyze the current state of North Caucasian society in connection with the observed trends of transition from a traditional society to a modern one; 2) to identify the potential of Islam as a factor of modernization of the traditional North Caucasian society and ensuring its stability
PROBLEMS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V. Filippov, Ulan-Ude, Vanchikova E. , Suvorova A. ,   Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V. Filippov, Ulan-Ude, Nagaslaeva I. ,   Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V. Filippov, Ulan-Ude
Published: April 2022

The problems of strategic management that stand in the way of regional universities that are under restrictions from the point of view of socio-economic development are analyzed. The reasons for the reduction of the regional market of applicants of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Siberian Federal District from the external and internal environment, as well as the reasons for the low competitiveness of regional universities in comparison with universities in developed socio-economic regions and in regions with a high concentration of employers in the labor market are considered. Among the most important issues are migration, population, transformation of the labor market under the influence of digitalization and the high rate of emergence of new requirements for the professional competencies of the graduate by the employer in almost all areas of activity. The role of strategic planning in the formation of goals and methods of organizational changes of a higher educational institution adequate to changes in the external environment is considered. The problems of strategic management that stand in the way of universities that are under restrictions from the point of view of socio-economic development are analyzed. The reasons for the reduction of the regional market of applicants of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Siberian Federal District from the external and internal environment, as well as the reasons for the low competitiveness of regional universities in comparison with universities in developed socio-economic regions and in regions with a high concentration of employers in the labor market are considered. The role of strategic planning in the formation of goals and methods of organizational changes of a higher educational institution adequate to changes in the external environment is considered. The purpose of this work is to analyze the main trends in the development of regional universities in terms of the number and quality of the contingent of students in the application of long-term planning methods
Immersives Lernen für Geringliteralisierte
Authors: Winther Esther , Paeßens Jessica , Tröster Monika , Bowien-Jansen Beate
Published: April 2022

Vorliegende Befunde zeigen, dass die Versprechungen der Digitalisierung des Lernens (noch) nicht eingelöst werden konnten. Der Zugang zur Bildung ist trotz digitaler Angebote in den verschiedenen Bildungssektoren hoch selektiv, die Nutzung von Bildungsangeboten hängt (nach wie vor) von der individuellen Bildungssozialisation, vom Alter und Wohnort ab. Gerade für die Erwachsenenbildung, die in hohem Masse auf die freiwillige Beteiligung an ihren Bildungsangeboten setzt, sind diese Befunde alles andere als ermutigend. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, mit welchen Ansätzen immersive Angebote der Erwachsenenbildung – und hier insbesondere im Bereich der Alphabetisierung/Grundbildung – eine hohe Teilnehmendenbindung sowie günstige Lernprognosen realisieren können. Der Fokus liegt insbesondere darauf, wie immersive Lerngelegenheiten inhaltlich und didaktisch gestaltet sein müssen, um vielfältige Herausforderungen in Grundbildungskursen (u. a. lebensweltrelevante Themen, Lernortunabhängigkeit, Kollaborationsfähigkeit) zu adressieren. Das hier vorgestellte Konzept stellt auch auf die sich zunehmend wandelnde Rolle von Kursangeboten in der Grundbildung (von sozialen Räumen hin zu Lernräumen) ab und lotet hierfür die Potenziale immersiver und spielerischer Kursgestaltung mittels Augmented Reality aus.
Scientific challenges in modeling mastication of meat using engineering tools
Authors: Djekic I. V.
Published: April 2022

This paper gives an overview of scientific challenges that may occur while performing modelling meat (as a product) and simulating mastication by using engineering tools. To evaluate these challenges, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method has been employed to assess six engineering tools often used in analyzing different perspectives of food oral processing. As a result, a risk priority number comprising of severity of the failure, occurrence probability of a failure and difficulty to detect the failure has been calculated. Results show that finite element method and emotion detection are two tools with highest levels of risks. The first method is a known engineering solution used for analyzing different types of materials, but when it comes to meat as a very complex and anisotropic material, risk of inadequate calculations is high. Emotion detection is not so much dependent on meat as a product consumed but on imperfections of software and risk of recognizing false emotions is high. Findings indicate that more research is needed for a more sophisticated use of these engineering tools. Further studies should include other engineering models that simulate meat breakdown during mastication, the role of saliva and jaw movement with the aim to carry out full modelling of mastication of an average meat consumer.
Influence of preslaughter stress on poultry meat
Authors: Kudryashova O. A. , Kudryashov L. S.
Published: April 2022

In the present article the authors consider the importance of issue of the poultry meat quality. The increasing demand for poultry meat provides for the rapid growth of industrial stock of poultry, which contributes to appearance of meat with various defects in muscle tissue: PSE meat, that features low pH, pale color, soft and watery texture, and DFD meat — it is more dense and drier, of dark saturated color. Till now, the causes and mechanisms of appearance of those anomalies still haven’t been unambiguously formulated, however, a large number of publications prove the influence of the genetic characteristics of modern crosses of broilers and turkeys on disturbances in Ca2+ metabolism process in the sarcoplasm of muscle fibers. The uncontrolled release of calcium along with the high temperature of slaughtered poultry carcasses immediately after slaughter provokes an intense decrease in pH and launches denaturation processes in proteins. The numerous studies have shown deterioration in functional and technological properties of meat in stress-sensitive poultry, such as moisture-binding capacity and high acidity, which increases loss of meat juice during its storage and its weight during heat treatment. Recent publications have been devoted to development of a strategy for use of PSE poultry meat and search for efficient processing of PSE poultry meat, since the scientific community does not provide direct evidence on possibility of genetic adjustment of the poultry in order to exclude the occurrence of PSE quality of meat.
Comparison of the proteomic profile of pork byproducts during their storage
Authors: Akhremko A. G. , Nasonova V. V. , Spirina M. E. , Godswill N. N.
Published: April 2022

In this article, the proteomic profiles of pork by-products (snout, tongue, liver, kidney, spleen) were studied by comparative method on the first day and the fifth day of their storage. Two-dimensional electrophoresis according to O’Farrell was used for the aims of this article, while the results were further processed in ImageMaster software. Proteomic maps of by-products showed clear changes in protein composition after visualization and images analysis. There was a decrease and increase in manifestation intensity of some proteins. The study of the obtained electrophoregrams with the help of references resources allowed identifying various compounds in the by-products. 9 protein fractions with various intensity of manifestation were found on the day 1st and 5th. On the 1st day the following substances were intensively manifested: in the liver — glutathione peroxidase 4 (22.3 kDa), LEAP-2 (8.8 kDa); in the kidneys — quinone oxidoreductase (34.9 kDa); in the spleen — glycoprotein CD59 (13.7 kDa), in the patch — protein flint (49.07 kDa). It is noted that these proteins play their role in stopping certain processes in cells, like oxidation, microbial activity, and accumulation of toxic substances. These processes can worsen the quality of raw materials, and further lead to spoilage of the food product. On the 5th day of storage the highest intensity of manifestation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (35.8 kDa) in the liver was observed; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (15.8 kDa) was noted in the kidneys, colony-stimulating factor (16.2 kDa) was observed in the spleen and glutaredoxin –1 (11.8 kDa) in the tongue. In its turn, on the fifth day these chemical processes manifested themselves more intensely, as the fatty acids and glucose broke down. To obtain more accurate results, the proteins were compared by their volume. Among the identified fractions the highest expression was observed in LEAP 2 (8.8 kDa) on the first day, and in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (35.8 kDa) on the fifth day. The least change in the intensity of manifestation was noted for superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (15.8 kDa), which volume increased during storage by 13% for 5 days. The analysis of the obtained electrophoregrams allowed identifying various compounds, tracing the changes in the qualitative composition of protein in by-products during various periods of their storage. The obtained data demonstrate the transformation of protein molecules during storage, which makes it possible to determine the changes and quality of the food products.
Certain features of using modified collagen-containing raw materials with prolonged shelf life in food technology
Authors: Litvinova E. V. , Titov E. I. , Kidyaev S. N. , Sokolov A. Yu. , Lapshina V. L.
Published: April 2022

In the current circumstances, trends in nutrition of a person striving to lead a healthy life-style require intake of meat products with the reduced energy value, minimal amounts of fat, increased protein mass fraction, presence of substances improving homeostasis of the body. The synergism of the modern nutrition science and meat industry enables creating food products that satisfy consumers’ demand. Today, in the Russian Federation, a theoretical and practical base of the technology development has been collected to the full extent in the field of rational processing of secondary raw materials in the food industry, optimal use of animal secondary raw materials, study of the protein ingredients of animal and plant origin and their deep scientifically substantiated processing, improvement of technological processes and equipment, and correspondently, product range extension. The paper broadens the information about the modified collagen-containing raw materials (cattle rumen), examines physico-chemical characteristics of the collagen-containing raw material and its changes in the process of freeze-drying with a special attention paid to the study of changes in the histological structure. The presence of the relatively uniform fibrillar structure was determined, which facilitated discovering the functional potential of proteinoids that form the fibrillar matrix in the composition of products from different groups. Analysis of IR-spectra revealed several significant absorption bands linked with the state of peptide bonds. The character of bands is linked with the complex of valence and deformation vibrations of the N- and С- types. It is believed that IR-spectra reflect conformations in the protein secondary structure, which suggests preserving properties of the tropocollagen particle or collagen molecule. Freeze-dried modified collagen-containing cattle rumen was tested by the example of jellies. The obtained databank broadens information about physico-chemical properties of modified collagen-containing raw materials (cattle rumen).
Research of compositions of amino acids, fatty acids and minerals in meat pate with addition of meat-and-bone paste
Authors: Kabdylzhar B. K. , Kakimov A. K. , Yessimbekov Zh. S. , Gurinovich G. V. , Suychinov A. K.
Published: April 2022

This article analyses the nutritional value of meat pate produced with the addition of meat-and-bone paste obtained from chicken bones. In the test samples of the pate, 20% of the poultry meat was replaced with the meat-and-bone paste. The comparative characteristic of the chemical, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral compositions of meat pate is given in the article. The comparative analysis of the nutritional value of meat pate showed that the addition of meat-and-bone paste decreases the moisture content by 0.23%, fat content by 1.22%, and increased the protein content (by 0.52%). In the test sample of the product the proportion of minerals increased significantly from 1.3% to 2.23% compared to the control sample. In terms of amino acid composition, the addition of meat-andbone paste up to 20% instead of poultry meat significantly increases the content of amino acids like isoleucine (from 196 mg/100 g to 661 mg/100 g), leucine (from 807 mg/100 g to 1083 mg/100 g), threonine (from 454 mg/100 g to 610 mg/100 g). The test samples of pate, compared with the control samples, contain a higher amount of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, including oleic (39.698%) and linoleic (21.546%) acids. The content of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the control sample are 37.8%, in the test sample it accounts to 32.9%. According to the mineral composition: the content of calcium is significantly increased in the test sample, (from 268.0 mg/100 g to 480.0 mg/100 g). In general, the addition of meat-and-bone paste made of chicken bones allows fortification the pate with the essential amino acids, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and calcium.
Moderating impact of billboard location and quality on the relationship between advertisement elements and its goals
Authors: Altrjman Ghaiath , Hameed Al-Ali Asaad , Ahmad Momni Raed , Al-Daoud Khaleel
Published: April 2022

The study aims to detect the relative impact of the basic advertising elements on attaining advertisement objectives. It also seeks to determine if the location and quality of billboards have an essential moderating impact on the effectiveness of advertising elements concerning their ability to achieve desired advertisement objectives in a developing country such as Jordan.A quantitative survey methodology and an online questionnaire were used to a convenient sample of 450 university students from different academic years and their family members and acquaintances in Amman, Jordan, to achieve the study goals. IBM SPSS version 25 and Smart PLS 3 were used to test the hypotheses. The study revealed a statistically significant impact (p ≤ 0.05) of three billboard advertising elements in achieving the goals of promoting advertisements, namely: headline (t = 3.483), color (t = 2.308), and the number of elements (t = 2.418). However, the study failed to prove the effectiveness of other two elements in achieving these objectives. The analysis did not confirm the effect of moderation of billboard locations and quality between independent variables and billboard’s advertising objectives; however, the location of billboards (independent variable) directly affects the achievement of advertising objectives. The study came up with a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the billboard still has an important impact on customers’ purchasing behavior or power, regardless of the location and the quality of billboards as a moderator variable.
Healthcare sector in European countries: Assessment of economic capacity under the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Simakhova Anastasiia , Dluhopolskyi Oleksandr , Kozlovskyi Serhii , Butenko Vira , Saienko Volodymyr
Published: April 2022

The year 2020 showed certain unpreparedness of the world’s countries for the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the unpopular measures of closed borders and total quarantine. The leading social component that opposes a pandemic is the healthcare system. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to assess the ability of European countries to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The cluster modeling was performed using the STATISTICA 7.0 package. As a result of modeling, the studied countries were divided into 4 clusters. The first cluster included nine countries. According to the smallest distance, the core countries in this cluster are Ireland and Bulgaria. The second cluster included seven European countries. The core country in this cluster is Sweden. Five of the studied countries were part of the third cluster. The core country in this cluster is Estonia. The fourth cluster included economically developed European countries with a Scandinavian social economy model and countries with a transitive social economy model. The core country in the fourth cluster is Germany. The recommendations for European countries can be introducing educational activities at the state level among the population on the importance of vaccination against COVID-19, increasing the staffing of the healthcare system, conducting the audit on the effectiveness of using public funds, and developing the medical infrastructure.
Acute phase proteins in wildlife and their domesticated relatives
Authors: LIBERA KACPER , SZOPKA WIKTORIA , RATAJCZAK AGATA M. , POMORSKA-MÓL MAŁGORZATA
Published: April 2022

The aim of this review is to present current knowledge regarding acute phase proteins (APPs) in selected wild mammal species. APPs are a group of proteins synthesized in the liver. Their main biological function is to restore homeostasis in response to infection, injury, and other pathologies. APPs are well-studied and used in routine diagnostics in domestic animals and humans, whereas in wildlife species they are currently under intensive research. The most investigated APPs in non-domesticated animals include serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (Fb), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and albumins (Ab). Changes in their concentrations have been described in cases of injuries, bacterial and viral infections, parasite infestations, and stress situations. It is important to note that the concentration of APPs is strongly affected by species, genotype, age, and environmental conditions. As the knowledge regarding APPs in wildlife develops, they may possibly be used in the future as diagnostic or prognostic tools, which is of special importance for threatened wildlife species.
CONCEPÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO PARA A SAÚDE DE PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIA DO SUL DA COLÔMBIA
Authors: Mosquera Jonathan Andrés , Cerón Castaño Dayana Liceth , Cuellar Papamija Luis Felipe , Amórtegui Cedeño Elías Francisco
Published: April 2022

A saúde é um fenômeno social concebido do ponto de vista biológico. No entanto, estudos recentes permitiram reconhecer que a saúde é culturalmente construída e a educação participa desse processo. Este projeto é pioneiro na região sul da Colômbia, caracterizando as concepções e atitudes dos professores de ciências na formação inicial sobre ES e seu vínculo com a sala de aula de Ciências Naturais. A pesquisa é de natureza mista, com delineamento não experimental e escopo descritivo e interpretativo. Para isso, foi elaborado um questionário com perguntas abertas e uma escala Likert, que foi aplicada a 44 professores em formação na Universidade Surcolombiana. A sistematização é realizada sob a técnica de análise de conteúdo e com o apoio do software Atlas ti 7.0. Para futuros professores, a saúde é um conceito transversal na educação, que pode ser ensinado objetivamente no currículo de ciências naturais. Essa análise é feita através da revisão de que as diretrizes pedagógicas na Colômbia para o ensino de ciências estabelecem diferentes propósitos e competências nesse campo do conhecimento, onde aspectos como cuidados pessoais e coletivos, higiene, saúde sexual e saúde afetiva, ambiental, uso de substâncias psicoativas, e outras áreas da ES. Da mesma forma, futuros professores consideram que a dimensão afetiva (afetos, emoções e sentimentos) tem sido pouco explorada nesse campo de estudo, apesar de as emoções estarem diretamente relacionadas à saúde humana. Portanto, as concepções de os futuros professores de ciências vão além das noções tradicionalistas de saúde, aproximando-se de uma perspectiva biopsicossocial.
PREVALENCIA Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL SEXISMO EN EL CONTEXTO ESPAÑOL
Authors: Fernández-García Olga , Gil-Llario María Dolores , Ballester-Arnal Rafael
Published: April 2022

El sexismo se define como una actitud discriminatoria dirigida hacia las personas en  virtud de su pertenencia a un determinado sexo biológico, y, por tanto, las actitudes sexistas  constituyen el eje principal sobre el que se mantienen las relaciones de desigualdad entre  hombres y mujeres. Así, es importante tener en cuenta que, aunque en los países occidentales  el sexismo se manifiesta de forma más sutil, investigaciones recientes corroboran que la  ciudadanía continúa teniendo creencias sexistas. Por ello, nos proponemos identificar las  actitudes sexistas de una muestra de 692 participantes (71.1% mujeres, 28.9% hombres) de  entre 18 y 70 años, y explorar las variables sociodemográficas asociadas a un perfil más sexista.  Para ello, se administró el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente, que evalúa tanto el sexismo  hostil como el sexismo benevolente. Los resultados revelan que el 26.9% de la muestra presenta  actitudes sexistas, siendo más común el sexismo benevolente (34.8%). Las personas que  presentan este tipo de actitudes son, en mayor medida, hombres (t = 8.82, p < .000), con una  orientación heterosexual (F = 7.87, p < .000) y un nivel de estudios bajo (F = 8.13, p < .000).  La edad también presenta una relación positiva y estadísticamente significativa con las actitudes  sexistas (r = .244, p < .000). Así, se concluye que más de una cuarta parte de la muestra presenta  actitudes sexistas, manifestadas de forma sutil, y que son más prevalentes entre los adultos  jóvenes de género masculino, heterosexuales y con un nivel de estudios medio-bajo.
Autumn and Winter Diet of Phasianus colchicus in the Central Ciscaucasia
Authors: Kaledin Anatoly , Malovichko Lyubov΄ , Rezanov Aleksandr , Drozdova Lyudmila
Published: April 2022

Pheasants are game birds that feed on many insect pest species. The study of the pheasant food spectrum, especially in the autumn and winter period, is relevant and can be used to assess the food supply of birds in natural habitats and form the diet when they are bred in captivity.

The authorities of the Stavropol Region try to preserve pheasant diversity and rationalize its use. In this respect, pheasants’ autumn-winter diet in natural environment is an important research subject that can help poultry farmers.

The research featured the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) inhabiting various biotopes of the Stavropol Territory. The visual food spectrum analysis was based on the stomachs of birds killed by hunters in October–January 2011–2021.

The morning and evening visual observation included eight observation points located on linear routes and stationary sites of the Stavropol Territory. The analysis featured 94 stomachs obtained from the Stepnoye area and 28 stomachs from other areas of the Stavropol Region. Matured seeds and grains represented more than 50% of the stomach content and included wheat, corn, narrow-leaved oleaster, etc. Some samples contained a large number of ants with a minimal content of other foods.

In the Central Ciscaucasia, pheasants inhabit communal gardens, river valleys, agricultural fields, and forest belts. Nowadays, they can be found in urban areas, where they prefer quasi-natural habitats, e.g. green backyards overgrown with such thorny bushes as oleaster, sea buckthorn, blackberry, blackthorn, wild rose, etc. Pheasants are omnivorous; their autumn and winter diet includes cultivated and wild fruits and seeds, as well as insect larvae.
Rating System for Quality Control of Functional Instant Drinks
Authors: Mustafina Anna , Reznichenko Irina , Bakin Igor , Shilov Sergey
Published: April 2022

Excessive information about a functional product and its qualitative characteristics increases the competitiveness of the product and requires constant monitoring. The present research objective was to develop a rating system of qualitative characteristics for functional instant drinks. The system relied on the method of multidimensional statistical analysis and involved the main descriptors of consumer criteria and sensory properties of the product.

The study featured functional instant fruit and berry drinks, e.g. raspberry, cranberry, cranberry, black currant, blueberry, sea buckthorn, blackberry, apricot, peach, apple, etc. The methods included a focus group approach, a sensory analysis, a new ordinal scale, and a modified method of multivariate statistical evaluation (PCA).

The authors introduced a unified score scale for sensory evaluation of functional instant drinks, which reflected both standard quality indicators and consumer selection criteria. A modified method of multivariate statistical evaluation (PCA) was used to identify the characteristics that consumers see as the most important. The resulting rating system of the main descriptors reflects the information about consumer preferences and reveals significant sensory characteristics and indicators of quality of functional instant drinks. Clustering revealed two groups of consumers, young people aged 18–29 and those aged 30–59, with their own defining quality indicators.

The article contains some useful labeling recommendations for producers of functional instant beverages. The recommendations can increase the competitiveness of the product and meet consumer demand for information. The new scale can be used for various types of functional fruit and berry drinks.
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) Beer with Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Burak Leonid , Zavaley Andrey
Published: April 2022

Fruits and berries increase the antioxidant activity of beer. Elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.) contain biologically active compounds with high antioxidant capacity. The research objective was to develop a new kind of beer with elderberries introduced at different stages of the technological process, as well as to study the antioxidant activity of this functional drink.

The pH was determined with a pH meter, the carbohydrate content and color – with a spectrophotometer, the optical density – with a spectrophotometer, the total polyphenol content – by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, the antioxidant activity – by the DPPH radical scavenging method, and the absorption – with a UV-visible spectrophotometer at λ = 517 nm.

Elderberries added in the amount of 62.5 and 125 g/dm3 increased the degree of fermentation. According to the European Brewing Convention, the optimal beer color is 22.29 units. To achieve this standard, elderberries had to be added 15 min after the start of boiling the wort. When elderberries were added to the cooled wort, its color decreased by 6.97 units. The concentration of elderberries appeared to have a positive correlation with the antioxidant activity of the finished product: more elderberries meant more polyphenols. The pH did not change during the brewing process and remained within the standard limit of 4.25–4.81. When the concentration of elderberries was 1.25 g/dm3, the antioxidant activity increased by 13.4 times, at 125 g/dm3 – by 22 times. The beer reached its maximal antioxidant activity when elderberries were added to uncooled wort after boiling; it decreased by 16.1% when elderberries were added after cooling the wort.

The content of polyphenols in elderberry beer depended on the concentration of elderberries, while the color and antioxidant capacity – on the amount of elderberries and the stage of the technological process. Unfiltered and unpasteurized elderberries maximized the antioxidant activity and nutritional value of the finished product. The new beer sort will allow microbreweries to expand their product range and attract new consumers.
Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Protein Concentrates from Camelina sativa Oil Cake
Authors: Smol'nikova Yana , Bopp Valentina , Kolomeytsev Alexander , Stutko Oksana , Khanipova Vera , Broshko Dominik
Published: April 2022

Brassicaceae plants can serve as a soy alternative to protein concentrates and isolates. Enzymatic extraction is a promising alternative to degreasing oilseeds as it requires no organic solvents and produces high-quality protein products. The research featured the effect of the enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes on Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz oil cake. The objective was to reduce the residual oil content and increase the protein yield.

Protein concentrates were isolated from seed cake obtained by cold pressing. The method involved sequential hydrolysis with enzyme preparations BrewZyme BGX and Meito renin, followed by alkaline extraction and precipitation at an isoelectric point. The amount of protein in the concentrates was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and the amino acid composition – by capillary electrophoresis.

The experiment revealed the optimal concentrations and time, at which the enzymatic hydrolysis effectively removed the residual oil and increased the protein yield. When BrewZyme BGX was applied at a concentration of 8 mg/L for 120 min, it reduced the residual oil content by 5.53%. A further treatment with the proteolytic enzyme Microbial Meito Rennet for 60–120 min increased the protein yield by 10.56–11.33% compared with the fat-free sample. The biological value of protein concentrates obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis was 2% higher than for traditional approaches.

The enzymatic extraction made it possible to avoid the de-greasing stage and raise the protein yield up to 68.86% of the total protein content without reducing the biological value of the finished product.
New Structured Dairy Products Based on Quality Complaints and Risk Qualimetry
Authors: Yankovskaya Valentina , Dunchenko Nina , Mikhaylova Kermen
Published: April 2022

Successful food production business depends on how well entrepreneurs identify, assess, and take into account various risks, including technological, at the stage of product design. The analysis of quality complaints and consumer opinions is vital for product design or improvement. The research objective was to develop structured dairy products based on the quality complaint analysis and risk qualimetry. The research featured quality complaints and factors that affect the quality of structured dairy products. It involved the methodology of the technological risk qualimetry and generally accepted control tools and quality assessment methods. Popular structured dairy products were identified and tested for the weight coefficients of their consumer properties and technological risks. The analysis covered five years of quality complaints and made it possible to identify and rank the reasons behind nonconforming structured dairy products. Matrix diagrams helped to forecast various factors, e.g. those based on raw materials or formulation, technological, organizational, etc. The diagrams reflected the degree of factor influence onthe identified risks. The research established control coefficients of each risk, as well as the importance of each factor as a risk management tool. The article introduces several risk management tools related to nonconforming products and aimed at improving consumer properties at the design stage. It also features the formulation of a new structured curd product with production technology and technical documentation. The proposed approach to the development of structured dairy products is based on risk qualimetry and takes into account quality complaints. It provides a prompt formulation assessment, guarantees high consumer properties, and minimizes the risks of producing nonconforming products.
Hybrid Strategy of Bioinformatics Modeling (in silico): Biologically Active Peptides of Milk Protein
Authors: Kruchinin Alexandr , Bolshakova Ekaterina
Published: April 2022

Bioinformatic analysis methods are an auxiliary tool in the preliminary stage of research into biocatalytic conversion of proteins with predicted release of biologically active peptides. However, there are a number of factors ignored in current strategies for designing biologically active peptides, which prevents the complete prediction of their biological properties. This determines the relevance of the research objective, i.e. developing a hybrid strategy for bioinformatic modeling to study biologically active peptides of milk protein. The new strategy ranks key criteria based on high-performance algorithms of proteomic database.

The research featured the scientific publications on in silico methods applied to biologically active peptides. Modern taxonometric methods of information retrieval were applied using the RSCI, Scopus and Web of Science databases.

The article introduces and describes step by step the optimal in silico hybrid strategy algorithm for studying biologically active milk protein peptides. The algorithm takes into account the safety assessment of all hydrolysis products, their physicochemical and technological properties. The strategy algorithm relies on analytical data on the protein profile, the amino acid sequence of proteins that make up the raw material, taking into account their polymorphism, and the subsequent identification of bioactive amino acid sites in the protein structure. The algorithm selects optimal enzyme preparations, as well as models the hydrolysis and assesses the peptide bioactivity using proteomic databases.

At the preliminary stage of protein hydrolysis, the new in silico strategy scientifically predicts the targeted release of stable peptide complexes of biologically active peptides with proven bioactivity, safety and sensory characteristics. The hybrid algorithm contributes to accumulation of the necessary primary data so as to reduce the time and cost of laboratory experiments.
Effect of Vibration on the Porosity and Strength of Instant Drink Granules
Authors: Popov Anatoliy , Plotnikov Konstantin , Ivanov Pavel , Plotnikov Igor , Popov Dmitry , Plotnikova Irina
Published: April 2022

Instant food products are extremely popular, and food industry knows numerous ways and methods of their production. To remain competitive, an instant drink production process should be efficient and flawless. The research objective was to improve the physical profile of granular instant products.

The study featured a vibrating drum unit controlled segregated flows. The granulometric composition, porosity, and strength of the obtained granules were tested in a vertical vibration cl assifier.

The new design of the drum with an installed classifier was able to grind larger granules. The research revealed the effect of frequency and amplitude on the porosity and strength of the granules. The rotation rate of the belt mixer had a greater effect on the agglomeration process than the amplitude and frequency of the vibrations in the generator. The porosity and strength of the granules depended on the parameters of the classifier. Therefore, the new drum design made it possible to control the operating parameters depending on the required properties of the finished product. The rational parameters were obtained as follows: frequency and amplitude of the vibration generator – 1 mm and 40 Hz, respectively; rotation speed – 7 rpm; drum tilt angle – 3°; amplitude and frequency of the classifier – 2 mm and 100 Hz, respectively.

The study revealed the optimal technological parameters for a new instant drink. The new vibration classifier increased the distribution density of the granular composition.
Fractionation of Bulk Food Products
Authors: Slavyanskiy Anatoliy , Mitroshina Daria , Gribkova Vera , Karamzin Anatoly
Published: April 2022

Powders are part of many food products, which makes grinding an important food industry process. The research objective was to develop a new process of separating a polydisperse powder that differs in particle density from the liquid it is dissolved in.

The study featured polydisperse sugar powder crushed in a ball mill and dissolved in sugar wafer suspension. The article introduces a physical and mathematical model of the process and a method for quantitative modeling of the process of separating particles from powder by centrifuging the suspension.

The research was based on the classical concept of the diameter of a particle moving in a predetermined manner in the inter-barrel space of the separator drum. The authors developed a new concept of the current critical particle diameter, which they calculated from the dispersion composition of the powder synthetic indicators, the control parameter of the suspension separation process, and the performance of the separating machine, e.g. coefficients of clarification and loss factor. The study resulted in a new calculation method with fewer fractionation stages.

The authors calculated the separation of targeted particles from a granulometric composition by centrifuging the powder. The calculation method fits any fine and medium-dispersed particle size and can facilitate any quantitative analysis of fractionation processes in a disc separator.
Joke and Horror in the Self-Identy of the Lyrical Hero in The Mummers by V. F. Khodasevich
Authors: Aksenova A. A. , Sinegubova K. V.
Published: April 2022

This article features V. F. Khodasevich’s poem The Mummers and explains why horror replaces humor in the main character’s self-analysis. According to M. M. Bakhtin, the voice of the Persona fades or becomes distorted if it sounds alone, outside the Chorus. In this particular case, falling away from the Chorus provokes the fear of losing self-identity. The speaker identifies himself as Me / Not-Me based on the sacred boundaries between Mine and Someone Else’s. This situation is most clearly manifested in the line when the eyes of the speaker meet those of the mummer in a certain "uncoordinated" way, which can be interpreted as separation. The Yuletide chronotope makes the artistic world of the poem unfamiliar and alien. The masquerade blurs the boundaries between the worlds, and the speaker discovers that participation in this ritual requires personal responsibility. The open meeting of Me and The Other is anything but one-sided, and the ritual game appears to have a deep and serious meaning.
Semiotics of the Train in Russian Literature: Intermedial and Metapoetical Aspects
Authors: Muratova N. A. , Zhilicheva G. A.
Published: April 2022

This article explores the intermedial and metapoetical semantics of the artistic image of a train. This image is part of the artistic semiotics and plays two interrelated roles: it marks the connection between the discourses of cinema and literature and signifies the act of artistic creation. Based on the Russian literature of the ХХ–ХХI century, this article reviews the origins and development of the arrival of a train as a cinematic metaphor, as well as the ways of depicting images in time and space (including the inner space). Before the age of cinema, the classic Russian literature introduced the railroad motif to make the discourse more dynamic and to highlight the key opposition between traditional lifestyle and technological progress, e.g. in works by F. Ostrovsky, A. Chekhov, etc. The literature of the XX century merged cinematic devices with literary motifs and introduced fragmentation, editing, changing angles, and other new ways of artistic perception, e.g. in A. Platonov’s oeuvre. Train imagery may attain mythological semantics when it manifests the themes of disaster, death, Apocalypse, and revolution, thus becoming a metapoetical symbol, e.g. in B. Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago. In the contemporary Russian literature, train movement is associated with the life of human consciousness (V. Pelevin) or with text generation (S. Sokolov). In some cases, episodes of rail traffic interspersed with episodes of filming complicate the narrative and multiply transitions from external to internal focalization (E. Vodolazkin).