bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pad Weight, Pad Number and Incontinence-Related Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Pham Cecile T. , Patel Manish I. , Mungovan Sean F.
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between 3- and 6-week postoperative 24-hour pad weight, daily pad number, and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaires for Male Lower Urinary Tract (ICIQ-MLUTS), ICIQ-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and UCLA Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA-PCI) in patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: This prospective study included patients undergoing RARP between February and November 2019. Patients completed a 24-hour pad test, assessing pad weight and number, and 3 validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs); the ICIQ-MLUTS, ICIQ-SF and UCLA-PCI, preoperatively and at 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Results: A total of 47 patients were included in the study. There was a strong correlation between 24-hour pad weight and the ICIQ-SF at 3 weeks (r = 0.71, P < 0.001) and 6 weeks (r = 0.68, P < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between 24-hour pad weight and ICIQ-MLUTS incontinence (r = 0.80, P < 0.01) and incontinence QoL burden (r = 0.79, P < 0.01) at 6 weeks. There was a moderate correlation between the 24-hour pad weight and UCLA-PCI urinary function (r = 0.58, P < 0.001) and urinary QoL burden (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) at 6 weeks. The correlation between pad number and 24-hour pad weight was weak at 6 weeks (r = 0.34, P < 0.001). Conclusion: PROMs may be used as a substitute for the 24-hour pad weight test for post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) assessments in the early post-RARP period. The ICIQ-SF and UCLA-PCI urinary function and QoL scores correlate with 24-hour pad weight. However, the ICIQ-MLUTS incontinence and QoL scores provide the strongest correlation with PPI.
The Role of Pelvic Exenteration in the Management of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Farkouh Ala'a , Abou Heidar Nassib , Dobbs Ryan W. , Abu-Gheida Ibrahim , Bulbul Muhammad , Shahait Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Locally advanced prostate cancer poses a clinical challenge for physicians. Despite the established role of radiotherapy and androgen-deprivation therapy in these cases, some patients with locally advanced disease experience recurrent disease or persistent disease with debilitating local symptoms, such as intractable pain and urinary symptoms. In this narrative review, we sought to evaluate the role of exenterative surgery in the management of locally advanced prostate cancer. From our search, we found that total pelvic exenteration or cystoprostatectomy represents a viable therapeutic modality to manage prostate cancer directly invading the bladder, lower urinary tract symptoms, debilitating pain caused by locally advanced disease, and as salvage treatment after failure of primary treatment among other applications. Reports on minimally invasive pelvic exenteration for prostate cancer were also retrieved, as this represents a feasible and effective treatment option for experienced clinicians. Pelvic exenteration may be an effective tool for the treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer in the surgeon’s armamentarium; however, further studies are needed to establish its role in improving survival and overall patient outcomes
Bilateral Spermatic Vein Thrombosis Following COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Okullo Alfin , Crispin Philip , Gilbourd Daniel
Published: July 2022

None.
Incidence and Mortality of Prostate Cancer in Commercial Airline Cockpit Crew: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khanani Hadia , McClintock George , Fernando Hilary , Heller Gillian , Asher Rebecca , Garcia Cindy , Smith David P. , Getley Ian , Ahmadi Nariman , Doeuk Norbert , Leslie Scott , Thanigasalam Niruban , Woo Henry H.
Published: July 2022

Commercial airline cockpit crew (CCC) are potentially exposed to occupational risk factors that may have detrimental health effects. However, available literature on prostate cancer (PCa) as a health outcome is conflicted. Therefore, this review of cohort studies aims to evaluate the incidence of and mortality from PCa in CCC based on studies published to date. PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and SCOPUS were searched from 1946 to April 2021. Cohort studies reporting standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and/or standardized mortality ratios (SMR) of PCa in CCC were included. Military, cabin crew and service personnel data were excluded. Independent data extraction was conducted, and study quality assessed. Standardized ratios were pooled using a fixed effects model and expressed with 95% confidence intervals. 75 studies were assessed for eligibility from which 6 involving 129 374 licensed CCC were included in the final analysis: Two reported incidence only, 1 incidence and mortality and 3 reported mortalities only. The pooled SIR for PCa in CCC was 1.41 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.71) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 53%) however, the pooled SMR was not statistically significant (1.08; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.24) also with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 70%). The available evidence shows that CCC are at a higher risk of developing PCa but there is no evidence to suggest a similarly higher risk of death from the disease. The effect of early detection through PSA testing in this cohort is unclear. Occupational exposure to radiation and sleep disturbance may play a role, but clear evidence of additional risk is lacking. Our review indicates that most evidence is dated and to confidently assess contemporary health outcomes of CCC, further research is required.
Pharmacological Activity of Mentha Piperita –A Review
Authors: Auti Pranali S  , Dethe Akanksha A  , Bhosale Srushti S  , Atole Shubhangi V  , Gadge Shubham C
Published: July 2022

Mentha piperita L. (Family: Lamiaceae; Synonym: M. balsamea Wild; commonly known as peppermint) is a natural hybrid (M. aquatica ×M. spicata) with immense therapeutic uses (oldest known medicinal plant species, “medicinal plant of the year 2004”, known as “heirba Buena” meaning good herb) apart from possessing other potential uses (as flavouring agent from chewing gum to after dinner mints, in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products).Mentha piperita Linn. emend. Huds. is widely used in food, cosmetics and medicines. It has been proven helpful in symptomatic relief of the common cold. It may also decrease symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and decrease digestive symptoms such as dyspepsia and nausea, although more research is needed. It is used topically as an analgesic and to treat headaches.
A Review : Method of Development of HPTLC and Application in Pharma Industry
Authors: Panmand Dipali A  , Sayyad Sapna B  , Adhalrao Supriya B  , Gaikwad Shital D
Published: July 2022

This review provides knowledge on the development and validation parameters of HPTLC-based analytical methods in line with actual evaluation. Meet the criteria and minimize errors and investigations. This review assists in the selection of mobile thermal phases and provides guidelines for understanding the steps of good validation practices and analytical procedures
Formulation and Evaluation of Moisturising Herbal Cold Cream
Authors: Belhekar Archana B  , Bodake Ravina S  , Bochare Vaishnavi K  , Vidhate Prajwal G  , Kumbhar Subhash T
Published: July 2022

Herbal cosmetics are the preparations are used to beautify and enhance the human appearances. The aim of the present research was to formulate and evaluate the herbal cold containing plant extracts prepared by using water in oil method for the purpose of nourishing and moistening the skin. The cold cream is prepared by using the neem oil and almond oil. Quality evaluation of the formulated product was assessed by using different evaluation methods. No change of the physical properties was observed in formulated cream. The formulated cream showed good consistency and spread ability, homogeneity, pH, no evidence of phase separation during study period of research. Stability parameters like visual appearance, nature, viscosity and fragrance of the formulated cream showed that there was no significant variation during the study period of research. The herbal extract containing cold cream gives the cooling and soothing effect due to slow evaporation of water present in the emulsion. The cold creams are more moisturizing as they provide an oily barrier which reduces the water loss from the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. They are water-in-oil emulsion and intended for application on skin or accessible mucous membrane to provide localized and sometimes systemic effect at the site of application
The Lady in The Garden of Illusions: A Spinster’s Framed Authority in Rituparno Ghosh’s Film, The Lady of the House
Authors: Singha Gourab
Published: July 2022

Rituparno Ghosh’s film Bariwali (The Lady of the House) throws ample light on a middleaged, lonely spinster’s (Banalata) unrequited marital bliss or ungratified sexual desire that has been pent up and isolated in the cooped-up atmosphere of her sprawling estate, Mohini Malancha (Garden of Illusions). She kept to herself until Dipankar, a charming director, stepped into the vicinity of the said estate (her coiled self), and let her preconscious desires unravel completely. Eventually, it seems that Banalata stands in a liminal space for being a spinster (neither a wife, nor a widow). My paper would like to show how turning a spinster into the lady of the house inside the walls of a sprawling estate called Mohini Malancha (The Garden of Illusions) could be interpreted as a layered conspiracy of the new patriarchy. Moreover, the paper would like to trace how a liminal character’s (spinster) sexual agency could pose a threat to weak patterns of patriarchy. Finally, my paper would like to argue how Ghosh decodes the received notions of a middle-age unmarried woman by peeping into her subliminal erotic desires but dares not to radicalize Banalata further and ends up in a womanist discourse.
Debunking the Power Structure of the Prevalent Western Logic: Interpreting Bob Dylan through the Lens of Derridean Philosophies
Authors: Ghatak Sanghamitra
Published: July 2022

The paper ventures to look into the works of Bob Dylan and how his emergence from humble folk music to the contemporary pan-American ethos to encapsulating the changing tides of the time. The indignation towards the prevalent political situation, the attempt to reach to a stabilized conclusion and defy of stagnation which is overflowing in the lyrics of Dylan finds an uncanny resemblance with the philosophies laid by Jacques Derrida over the huge gamut of his works. Through this paper an attempt has been made to synchronize the different philosophical ideologies of both Derrida and Dylan into a singular unit. Their vouching for the effectiveness of visual representation, tracing back the binary usage of language to decipher the core of the structure and their almost prophetic declaration of a ‘New Age’ striving for a democratic space leads us to discover a certain uncanny resemblance in both their works. However distinct they might be from their origin, the core of their philosophical intellect was very much similar.
A Parent Guidebook for Occupational Therapy Using Ayres Sensory Integration®
Authors: Roan Cecilia , Mailloux Zoe , Carroll Amy , Schaaf Roseann C.
Published: July 2022

Importance: Occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) is an evidence-based intervention that includes parent education and participation to support outcomes. However, guidelines for this parent component have not been published.

Objective: To obtain input from stakeholders on a revised guidebook for parent education during ASI intervention.

Design: Cross-sectional survey design.

Setting: Online surveys.

Participants: Experts in ASI, occupational therapy practitioners who use this approach, and parents of children with autism who received occupational therapy using this intervention.

Outcomes and Measures: Surveys designed and vetted to obtain input on content and usability.

Results: Experts rated the guidebook as consistent with ASI principles, practitioners rated it as clinically useful, and parents rated it as useful and clear.

Conclusions and Relevance: The parent guidebook for ASI is ready for further testing and use.

What This Article Adds: This report adds knowledge translation and best practice strategies in parent education to the parent guidebook for ASI and provides evidence that it is acceptable by experts, parents, and clinicians.
Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent as a diagnostic parameter of iron deficiency anemia in infants age 1-4 months
Authors: RINGORINGO HARAPAN PARLINDUNGAN , PURNAMA SARI LINA , YUNANTO ARI , SYAHADATINA MEITRIA , HIDAYAH NURUL
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is still a major global health problem. The prevalence was highest among children under five years, 39.7%, with the most contributing cause being dietary iron deficiency (ID). Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) assesses the amount of hemoglobin in reticulocytes. Ret-He is an easy, inexpensive, and applicable diagnostic parameter of iron deficiency. This study aims to determine the role of Ret-He as a diagnostic parameter of ID and IDA in infants 1-4 months old.

Material and methods

The study was conducted prospectively at 10 Community Health Centers in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, from August 2020 to August 2021. Total 403 infants aged 1, 2, 3, and 4 months met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Venous blood samples were checked for Ret-He, complete blood count, and peripheral blood smears.

Results

The incidence of ID and IDA in infants 1-4 months were 10,9% and 58,6%. Ret-He cut-off values for iron deficiency and IDA at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months were 22,25 pg, 20,3 pg, 19,05 pg and 17,55 pg; with sensitivity 7,8%, 2,5%, 7,4%, 8,2%; specificity 94,4%, 95,0%, 96,9%, 98,1%; positive predictive value 85,7%, 66,7%, 83,3%, 80,0%, and negative predictive value 18,1%, 19,6%, 33,0%, 53,6%.

Conclusions

Ret-He can detect iron deficiency and IDA in 1-4 months baby with high specificity and positive predictive value.
Factors contributing to increased use of Herbal Medicine among Pregnant Women aged 18-45 years attending Buwambo Health Centre IV, Wakiso District. A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Kitara Mercy , Kalungi Vincent Charles
Published: July 2022

Abstract Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the factors contributing to the increased use of herbal medicine among pregnant women aged 18-45 years attending Buwambo Health Centre IV, Wakiso District. The specific objectives were to determine the: Maternal, Socioeconomic, and health facility-related factors contributing to the increased use of herbal medicine among pregnant women aged 18-45 years. Methodology: The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional and the researcher employed the simple random sampling technique. The study instrument was a questionnaire and a sample of 50 respondents was used. Medicine because they were readily available. Results: Regarding the health facility-related factors contributing to increased use of herbal medicine, the majority (74%) of the respondents reputed that the health workers took a lot of time to work on them, and most (40%) had their homes more than 10km away from the health facility and more than half (52%) waited over 2hrs to be seen by the doctor. Conclusion: Maternal factors contributing to increased use of herbal medicine included having information about herbal medicine from family members (70%), being in the first trimester (76%), and the pregnancy-related complications such as nausea and vomiting (40%), socio-economic factors were; encouragement by their culture and religion (60%), availability of herbal medicine (56%), health facility-related factors were; long waiting hours (74%), and long-distance from the health facility (40%). Recommendation: The researcher recommended the Ministry of Health put up more health facilities to reduce the distance moved by the pregnant women while looking for the antenatal care services and that Buwambo Health Centre IV should intensify health education the pregnant women on the importance of antenatal care visits and the implications of the use of herbal medicine during pregnancy.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards the use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Females aged 15-25 years in Tororo General Hospital, Tororo District. A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study.
Authors:   , Chiria Clinton
Published: July 2022

Background: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the use of emergency contraceptive pills among females aged 15-25 years in Tororo general hospital, Tororo district. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the: knowledge, attitude, and practices towards the use of emergency contraceptive pills among females aged 15-25 years. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design with a simple random technique as the sampling technique on a sample of 50 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires with semi-structured and open-ended questions written in the English language; data was later analyzed manually and presented in tables, bar graphs, and pie charts using Microsoft word. Results: Practices towards the use of emergency contraceptive pills showed that the majority (82%) of the respondents preferred having unprotected sex, most (64%) of the respondents have never used emergency contraceptive pills, and among the respondents who have ever used ECPs, most (68%) of them used postinor, most (60%) obtained the ECPs from a pharmacy and more than half (56%) used the ECPs once in a month. Conclusion: Generally, the researcher concluded that the knowledge about emergency contraceptive pills is inadequate. The attitude towards the use of the ECPs is not good since most respondents thought they were unsafe for usage and also thought it was not effective in the prevention of unwanted pregnancies, the practices towards the use of emergency contraceptive pills are also not good since most of the respondents have never used ECPs at all. Recommendation: The researcher recommended that; Tororo general hospital administration should sensitize and create awareness about the use of emergency contraceptive pills to create a better attitude and increase practices toward using the EC.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards prevention of Anaemia among Pregnant Women aged 18- 45 years in Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Gulu District. A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Katushabe Mercy Claire , Atukuuma Cliffe
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the prevention of anaemia among pregnant women aged 18-45 years in the Gulu regional referral hospital, Gulu district. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional study design with simple random sampling as the sampling technique. Data were collected on a sample size of 50 respondents using semi-structured questionnaires written in the English language with open and ended questions as data collection tools; analysis was done manually using tally sheets, pens, and paper, entered in an excel computer program; presented in tables and figures; then interpreted. Results: (94%) of respondents agreed that going for antenatal visits is important, (85%) agreed that a mother and a child can benefit from taking iron supplements, (72%) disagreed that cultural or religious beliefs prevent pregnant women from eating certain types of food, (60%) always preferred to sleep under ITNs and (70%) reported that they feel normal when they sleep under ITNs. (56%) of respondents who had attended three ANC visits, (62%) of iron supplements they had ever taken were folic acid, (68%) usually take the iron supplements, (50%) commonly feed on carbohydrates, (60%) utilize meals three times daily and (90%) receive an iron supplement from a health facility. Conclusion: The study established a research gap in regards to types of food they commonly feed on, low uptake of ITNs, ANC, and irregular iron supplements intake among a notable few women, and inadequate access to iron supplements at the hospital which needs to be addressed for equitable anaemia prevention interventions. Recommendation: Therefore, health workers at Gulu regional referral hospital should continue to sensitize pregnant women on the dangers of not sleeping under ITNs, irregular ANC visits, and iron intake which was observed.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards the use of Intrauterine device among Women aged 15-49 years in Wakiso Health Centre IV Wakiso District. A Cross-sectional Study
Authors:   , Nangendo Esther , Nakasolo Sania
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices towards the utilization of IUDs among women aged 15-49 years in wakiso health center IV wakiso district. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge towards utilization of IUDs among women aged 15-49 years in wakiso health center IV, Wakiso district, attitude towards the utilization of contraceptives IUDs among women aged 15-49 years in wakiso health center IV wakiso district. Methodology: The descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with a simple random technique as a sampling technique. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires written in the English language and interviews. Results: From the study findings most (52%) respondents preferred to have four children, the majority of respondents, majority(80%) respondents have ever heard about IUDs, the majority(60%) obtained information about IUDs from the health facility, most (50%) respondents reported child spacing as the reason as to why they used IUDs, most (50%) respondents knew copper IUDs as a type of IUDs, the majority(70%) knew the site of administration of IUDs. Conclusion: Women had good knowledge and practices towards utilization of IUDs despite they had fair attitudes were noticed since most women felt uncomfortable due to side effects, would wish to change to other methods, and were not willing to advise their relatives or friends to use IUDs, Recommendation: The MOH, NGOs, and other stakes hold should train an adequate number of services providers and health extension workers in the safe removal of the risks or side effects associated with IUDs methods to mitigate the health-related problems.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Management of Diarrhea among Care takers of Children below 5 years attending Katoogo Health Centre III, Mukono District. A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Ssebuliba Julius , Nakasolo Sania
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards the management of diarrhea among caretakers of children below five years attending Katoogo Health Centre III, Mukono district. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the; knowledge towards management of diarrhea among caretakers of children below five years, attitudes towards management of diarrhea among caretakers of children below five years, and practices towards management of diarrhea among caretakers of children below five years. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design with a simple random sampling technique as a sampling technique. Data were extracted from a sample of 50 respondents using semi-structured questionnaires written in the English language and analyzed manually by use of tally sheets, entered in the excel computer program to generate tables, graphs, and pie charts. Results: Overall results on practices towards management of diarrhea showed that; (60%) of respondents' children were not exclusively breastfed, (54%) of their children’s immunization cards were not up to date as per EPI guidelines, (and 58%) administered ORS to their children during an episode of diarrhea, (94%) keep solid wastes at home in open heap garbage places, (50%) sometimes they practice personal hygiene and (56%) visit the doctors when the child’s health does not improve. Conclusion: The researcher generally concluded that caretakers exhibited fairly pleasant knowledge and attitude towards management of diarrhea but poor practices were noticed which exposes their children to persistent diarrhea illness. Recommendation: The researcher, therefore, strongly recommended that Katoogo Health Centre III should intensively promote health education on diarrhea not only on what is all about but majorly preventive practices on the occurrence since prevention is better than cure.
Factors contributing to increased Cases of Malaria in Children below Five years in Moyo General Hospital, Moyo District. A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Tamale Robert , Mubangizi Prosper
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the factors contributing to increased cases of malaria in children below five years in Moyo general hospital, Moyo District. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional study with a simple random technique as a sampling technique. Data was collected from a sample of 50 respondents using a questionnaire written in the English language as a data collection tool; later analyzed manually by use of tally sheets presented in tables and figures for easy interpretation of findings. Results: Findings in regards to health facility-related factors showed that; (52%) had never acknowledged enough counseling services about malaria, (62%) reported that they don’t get enough access to anti-malaria drugs at the health facility, (76%) reported > 5km as the distance from their homes to the nearby health facility, (68%) reported that they don’t pay for access to health care services, (60%) visit a doctor when their children’s health does not improve, and (54%) reported that the attitude of health workers towards the provision of health care services it is good. Conclusion: Poor health-seeking behaviors, low levels of employment, inadequate access to mosquito bed nets, irregular use of mosquito nets among those who had access to them, low uptake of interior spraying, location of respondents' homes, poor housing infrastructures, poor waste management behaviors, long distances and inadequate access to ant- malaria drugs were the major factors that contributed to increased cases of malaria among children below five years. Recommendation: Health workers at Moyo general hospital should intensively enhance access to information on signs and symptoms of malaria, consistent use of ITNs, and environmental management. So that suspicious cases can be quickly identified, improve on health-seeking behaviors of the people and hence minimize the burden of malaria.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Prevention of Malaria among Pregnant women aged 18-45 years at Busibo Health Centre III, Lwengo District. A Cross-section Study.
Authors:   , Musimenta Catherine , Mubangizi Prosper
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the prevention of malaria among pregnant women aged 18-45 years at Busibo health center III, Lwengo district. Methodology: A cross-section study design was employed as a study design with a simple random technique as a sampling technique. Data were collected on a sample of 50 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire written in the English language as a data collection tool; later analyzed manually by use of tally sheets and presented in frequency distribution tables and figures. Results: Overall results from practices towards malaria prevention among pregnant mothers showed that; 50% of the respondents had attended three ANC visits, 76% had treated mosquito bed nets, 61% reported that sometimes they use the mosquito bed nets, 54% use of ITNs to prevent themselves from malaria infection, 70% maintain their mosquito bed nets by folding them every morning to prevent hoes and 88% always take IPTp. Conclusion: the study established that even though a significant number of pregnant mothers possessed fairly satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practices towards malaria prevention but infrequent percentage number of pregnant mothers who were reluctant to uptake ANC and ITNs need extra interventions for equitable malaria prevention that will close the research gap. Recommendation; Busibo Health Centre III, Lwengo should intensively increase the awareness interventions about the dangers of untimely ANC visits and irregular use of ITNs through; health education of mothers during antenatal visits and community outreaches to implement better behavior changes that will close the research gap.
Prevalence of Hookworm infection and associated factors among Children below 14 years attending Outpatient Department at Kome Health Center III in Mukono District. A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Katende Noordin , Nakalema Margret
Published: July 2022

Background: Hookworm is one of the under-researched and neglected tropical diseases responsible for 90 million cases among children and in Uganda its degree is not well known. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done at Kome health center III where 58 children were recruited between January and February using a simple random sampling method and tested for Hookworm infection. Additional data was obtained using Questionnaires to find out the associated factors and the most affected age among children below 14yrs. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. Results: In the study, the sample size was 58 participants. Out of these, 6 /58 were infected giving a percentage of 10.3%, and the remaining 52 children were not infected with Hookworm. Children between 11-14 yrs. were the most affected (4/6) followed by those aged ≤5yrs and 6-10(16.7%) respectively. males were more infected than females. The infection was high among those who didn’t wash their hands, those who were not dewormed (6/6), and those who walked barefooted (4/6) cases of hookworm. All children attended from the rural areas Conclusion: The result of the study shows a relatively low prevalence of hookworm infection (10.3%) with children aged 11-14yrs being the most infected. Walking barefooted, failure to deworming, sex, residence, and age being the significantly associated with the prevalence of hookworm among these children Recommendation: To prevent the spread of hookworm among children, all children should first be screened extensively for the intestinal parasite to know the infection rate, mass deworming should be done to reduce the infection and transmission rate and the local government should encourage the construction of toilets or else construct more toilets for the community.
Factors affecting the Utilization of Antenatal Care Services among Pregnant Women at St Paul’s Health Center IV in Kasese District. A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Mugisa Eldrhat
Published: July 2022

Background: The utilization of Antenatal care services is a major milestone in improving maternal and child health in developing countries, therefore, enhancing the social-economic development of the community. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the health facility factors, social-economic factors maternal related factors affecting the utilization of Antenatal care among pregnant women whereas by pregnant women at St Paul’s health Center IV Kasese District. Methodology: The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional where data was collected using self-administered questionnaires from 100 respondents using simple random sampling and analysis carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 version. Results: Out of 100 respondents, 54(54%) waited for 30-60 minutes, 87(87%) reported that no health worker had ever shouted at them, 71(71%) said the health workers were polite and welcoming, and 51(51%) rated ANC services as of good quality, 91(91%), had ever been advised by the health workers to initiate ANC,74(74%) had 1-5 dependents. 57(57%) received support from their partners. 72(72%) afforded the required medical tests, 96 (96% ) did not take alcohol, 77(77%) did not have any underlying chronic illness, and 69(69%) did not have a history of any complications in their previous pregnancies, Majority 54(54%) had attained a minimum of secondary level of education. Conclusion: Health facility factors that affected ANC utilization were waiting time, laboratory costs, and attitude of the health workers. Social-economic factors influencing ANC were the mother’s income, financial support from partners, and several dependants. Recommendation: The administration of St Paul’s health center IV in partnership with the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Public Services should consider recruiting more health workers and encourage men, families, and societies to support antenatal care without discrimination through awareness campaigns.
Factors contributing to dispensing Errors among dispensers in Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Gulu District. A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Lakop Esther Faith , Sida Harrison
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of the study is to assess the factors contributing to dispensing errors among dispensers in Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Gulu District. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design and data was collected from 50 respondents. The respondents were selected using simple random sampling and a semi-structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended was used as a data collection tool. Data were analyzed manually and entered into the computer using Microsoft Excel and the study findings were presented in tables, graphs, and pie charts. Results: (72%) had working time of 6-8 hours,(40%) agreed that the number of patients waiting for medicines was at its peak between 9-11 am,(72%) were very often put on pressure by the patient number waiting for medicines while dispensing,(50%) had experienced workload,(64%) agreed that their working environment was conducive,(66%) had never reported dispensing errors,(12%) of the respondents had encountered errors due to similar drug names. Conclusion: Generally the researcher concluded that; a large number of patients waiting for medicines increased work pressures among dispensers, high workload, under-reporting of dispensing errors, infrequent continuing professional development since majority less often performed and some never performed CPD, similar drug names which were due to poor shelving methods made dispensers prone to unintentional errors during the dispensing procedure. Recommendation: The government of Uganda through the ministry of health should recruit adequate staff, the hospital director should encourage the dispensers to embrace medication error reporting systems, and there should be frequent organizations of CME in the hospital by the pharmacist and pharmacy in-charge, the ministry of health should provide adequate shelves for medicines to avoid medicine mix up while issuing to patients drugs.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards infection prevention among Health Workers in Bugiri Hospital, Bugiri District. A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Kwagala Manjeri , Were Amiri
Published: July 2022

Background: Globally, the incidence of nosocomial infections varies from 3.5% to 12% in developed countries and from 7.5% to 19.1% in low-income and middle-income countries. The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward infection prevention among health workers in Bugiri hospital, Bugiri district. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional study design with a simple random technique as a sampling technique on a sample of 50 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires with semi-structured and open-ended questions written in the English language; data was later analyzed manually and systematically by compiling it informs of percentages, bar graphs, tables, and piecharts. Results: All (100%) had ever heard about infection prevention, (60%) knew patients as the common sources of infections in health facilities, (68%) knew 20 seconds as the correct minimal time required for hand washing and (58%) knew hand washing with soap and water as the effective standard precaution for infection prevention. (90%) of respondents strongly agreed that they were at risk of acquiring infections, (50%) would feel guilty when they omit hand hygiene precautions, (52%) would not feel free to report safety violation done by their fellow workmates regarding infection preventions, (70%) agreed that they would change working environment due to increased exposure of infections. (64%) regularly use PPE, (and 54%) always wash their hands with soap and water before and after patients care, (76%) had pictorial/ pinned adverts regarding acquired infection prevention measures either to patients or health workers in their departments Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and practices of health workers towards infection prevention were equitably delightful despite few noted and observed issues which need to be worked upon by the facility administration to enhance fully infection standard preventive measures. Recommendation: Bugiri hospital administration should provide enough infection prevention facilities and supplies.
Factors contributing to attending Traditional Birth attendants among Pregnant Mothers aged 18-45 Years in Bubaare Sub County, Mbarara District. A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Rutindangyezi Malic , Nakasolo Sania
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of the study is to determine factors contributing to attending traditional birth attendants among pregnant mothers aged 18-45 years in the Bubaare sub-county, Mbarara district. Methodology: The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional and the researcher employed a simple random sampling technique to get 50 respondents. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Most (55%) of the respondents were encouraged by the community to deliver at a hospital, and the majority (60%) were not accompanied by their husbands during delivery, most (48%) of the respondent's husbands decided the place of delivery, most(77%) of respondents had cultural beliefs and the majority (70%) of the respondents believed in religious affairs. (68%) of the respondents used skilled birth attendants, most (47%) of the respondents were not allowed by partners to deliver in hospitals, most (60%) 0f respondents attended antenatal, most (62%) of the respondents attended antenatal once, most (60%) attended antenatal in their second trimester, most (69%) of the respondents were wear of child delivery from the hospital and most (60%) of the respondents did prefer hospital delivery due to long waiting hours at the facility. Conclusion: Communally services offered by TBAS are giving advice both before and after delivery about nutrition, individually partners influencing mothers' place of delivery, and health-wise distance to the facility was long limiting their delivery from hospitals. Recommendation: The recommends that TBAS should be trained and equipped with modern medical knowledge by the government to easily handle uncomplicated deliveries.
Factors affecting Uptake of Post Natal Care Services among Postnatal Mothers in Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Lira City. A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Akiki Emmanuel Abraham , Nakasolo Sania
Published: July 2022

Background: Postnatal care is defined as care given to the mother and her newborn baby immediately after the birth of the placenta and for the first six weeks of life, the objective of this study is to determine the individual factors, assess the health facility-related factors, and determine the community-related factors affecting the uptake of PNC services among postnatal mothers in Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Lira City. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used, with quantitative methods of data collection. A sample of 50 respondents who were postnatal mothers with children less than 2 months of age were used, selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected using researcher-administered questionnaires and analyzed using a descriptive method presented on graphs, tables, figures, and charts. Results: Less than half (42%) of the respondents are 5 to 7 km from the health facility, the majority (64%) of the respondents got routine health education, and the majority (74%) of the respondents reported that they took less than one hour to reach the nearest health facility, most (52%) of the respondents have ever been visited at home, the majority (62%) of the respondents do not have cultural practices about PNC, most (66%)of the mothers delivered from the health facility, the majority (68%) of the mothers were from low poverty level communities and finally, most (64%) of the mothers were from urban areas. Conclusion: There was high uptake of PNC among mothers who resided nearer to the health facility, and got routine health education than those working. Recommendations: There is a need to encourage community awareness of the available PNC services, there is a need to provide routine health education, there is a need to encourage husband involvement in health care and finally, there is a need to reduce community poverty levels.
Factors contributing to Low Uptake of Long Acting Reversible contraceptives among Women aged 18-45 years in Maanyi Health Centre III, Mityana District. A Cross-section Study.
Authors:   , Kateregga William , Oluka Julius
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the factors contributing to the low uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives among women aged 18-45 years in Maanyi health center III, Mityana district. Methodology: A cross-section study design was employed as a study design with a simple random technique as a sampling technique. Data was collected from a sample of 50 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire written in the English language as a data collection tool; later analyzed manually by use of tally sheets and presented in distribution tables and figures with the support of narratives. Results: Fear of side effects, concerns among those who were currently using a long-acting reversible contraceptive method, location of respondents' home places, husbands' low levels of education, personal decisions about what type of family planning method to choose, inadequate support from friends/ relatives, inadequate counseling about LARC from health workers, long distances, long waiting time and un fully pleasant attitudes of health workers were the major factors contributing to low utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives among women aged 18-45 years. Conclusion: There is a need for more information to all stakeholders about the low uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives. Recommendation: The Maanyi health center III administration should continue to conduct community outreaches in different areas women were not in favor of the methods.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Utilization of Implants among women aged 15-45 years attending Bunapongo Health Centre III, Mbale District. A Cross-section Study.
Authors:   , Mulekhwa Joel , Nakasolo Sania
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of the study is to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards utilization of implants among women aged 15-45years attending Bunapongo HCIII, Mbale district. Methodology: The study employed a cross-section study for quantitative data targeting 50 women aged 15-45years using simple random sampling and semi-structured questionnaires as data collection tools. Questionnaires were first pre-tested before giving them to respondents to fill. Data were analyzed manually and presented in tables and figures. Results: 70% of the respondents had ever heard about implant contraceptives, most respondents (43%) got the information from friends and less than half of the respondents (40%) knew the right site for administration of implants and duration for effective protection against pregnancy was known by 50% of the respondents however more than half of the respondents (70%) claimed that implants had side effects, over bleeding was the highly-rated side effect (43%). 78% of the respondents agreed that implants prevent the occurrence of pregnancy, 70% of the respondents said partners should not be involved in choosing the contraceptive method to use and 70% of the respondents said they would not use implants. Only 20% of the respondents were using implants as their contraceptive method at the time of the study. Conclusion: The study concluded that women had poor knowledge, a negative attitude, and poor practices towards the utilization of implants. Recommendation: The researcher recommended that the MoH should continuously educate women and their partners about the advantages and benefits of using LARC methods like implants, health workers should clearly explain to the women the side effects and reassure them that they can be managed and they should also do outreaches to capture a large number of women.
Factors associated with Diarrhea among Children under Five Years at Paediatric Ward Masaka Regional Referral Hospital in Masaka District. A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors:   , Galiwango Vicent
Published: July 2022

Background: Diarrhea accounts for 9% of all child deaths worldwide, It is the leading cause of death among children under the age of five worldwide. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was carried out on all caretakers of children under five years at Masaka regional referral hospital. The Questionnaire was used to collect data and was analyzed using a tally, the sample size of 62 respondents also was analyzed using frequency tables graphs, and pie charts. Results: The study revealed that only (38.7%) of the respondents defined diarrhea as the passing of watery stool 3 or more times a day, (61.3%) could not define diarrhea as WHO recommends, majority of 74.2% of the respondents had good knowledge of contaminated food/water as the cause of diarrhea in children under five years, 59.7% had good knowledge on general weakness, failure to feed, irritability, vomiting everything as the consideration to their children for treatment, 22.5% of the respondents had poor knowledge on treatment of diarrhea at home, 41.9% respondents had poor knowledge on what is needed to make ORS, 17.7% respondents had poor knowledge on how to prevent diarrhea in their children, 21% respondents poor attitude on exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: mothers had poor knowledge of the definition of diarrhea but a good knowledge of the causes of diarrhea among children under five years and identify the danger signs. Recommendation: Therefore the study recommends the need for continuous health education of the caretakers on how to treat diarrhea at home, requirements to make ORS, how to prevent diarrhea in the children, and how to breastfeed the children when they get diarrhea.