bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMMODIFICATION OF CULTURAL IDENTITIES AND/OR EMPOWERMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES: DEVELOPING A ROUTE OF NUCLEAR TOURISM
Authors: Mažeikienė Natalija , Gerulaitienė Eglė
Published: May 2018

Research presented in the paper focuses on commodification of cultural identities and community empowerment strategies of cultural tourism in Visaginas.. One of challenges in developing tourism is orientation toward profit and commodification of culture, which becomes a problem in regard to practicing authentic identities. The article presents efforts of researchers working in the project EDUATOM to scientifically substantiate construction of new educational nuclear/ atomic tourism route in the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP) region. The authors discuss what diverse parameters and elements of place identity could be included and represented in the tourism in Visaginas and how community empowerment and involvement of different stakeholders might contribute to practicing various commodification strategies. The article analyses commodification of cultural identities and community empowerment strategies of educational, cultural, nuclear/atomic tourism in Visaginas, using research strategy of case study, including methods of document analysis, conversations (formal and informal) with stakeholders, secondary data analysis, construction of Post-Soviet identities and empowerment of local communities.
YOUTH THEATRE ART NON-FORMAL EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DRAMA PEDAGOGY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kļava Oskars , Katane Irēna
Published: May 2018

Nowadays not only formal but also non-formal education plays a significant role in the context of lifelong learning. By getting involved in various non-formal education activities, with overall and personality development, children and young people socialise, gain new experiences, and acquire new social roles. The wider the spectrum of non-formal education activities, the more possibilities there are for each child and young person to find the most suitable to get involved in according to their interests, needs, abilities, future intentions and goals. One of the forms of non-formal education for children and youth is theatre art non-formal education, which finds its theoretical methodological base in drama pedagogy. School drama clubs, optional course of public speech, drama studio etc. have a significant role and contribute to the promotion of students’ personality development and socialisation. The aim of this article is to give a theoretical justification of the youth theatre art non-formal education in the context of drama pedagogy historical development. The approaches, principles, new methods of drama pedagogy were and are currently used by teachers-practitioners in many countries not only in the drama non-formal education but also throughout formal education – by including drama elements as learning techniques and methods across different subjects, thus making the drama pedagogy universal, constantly present everywhere and at all times.
MACHIAVELLIANISM AND PERSONAL TRAITS IN YOUNG AGE
Authors: Kurapova Irina , Lezhnina Larisa
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to one of the vital problems of modern society, the problem of Machiavellianism.  It is noted that manipulative forms of interaction between people become common, and it can lead to a tendency to use the manipulation by an increasing number of people and, in its turn, to the loss of openness, sincerity, and congruence of communication.The results of an empirical study of Machiavellianism and its interrelationship with personality traits in young age are discussed. The study is based on a dispositional approach to the person, suggesting that it consists of reliable, stable, interrelated elements (properties, traits) that determine its internal essence and behavior. Differences in the behavior of people are explained by the differences in the intensity of personality traits. The article shows that adolescence is one of the most sensitive ways to consolidate manipulative strategies in the behavior of a person. The obtained results prove the existence of a interrelationship between Machiavellianism and a number of personality traits, according to the theory of R.B. Cattell. Among such personality traits are communicative (closed), regulative (low normative, low self-control behavior), emotional (rigidity) and intellectual (radicalism). Knowledge of the personal profile of a personality prone to Machiavellianism in adolescence will allow continuing the study within the framework of studying ways of preventing extreme manifestations of manipulative behavior and widening the range of constructive patterns of youth behavior.
REALIZATION OF INTEGRATED LEARNING IN STUDY PRACTICE: PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS EXPERIENCES
Authors: Briška Ilze , Siliņa-Jasjukeviča Gunta
Published: May 2018

The integrated teaching is important tool for promoting the development of students’ critical and creative thinking, self-cognition, learning and cooperation skills and cultural understanding in a constantly changing world. In Latvia, integrated curriculum has become a challenge for educational reforms, too. Latvian teacher educators are looking for appropriate Curriculum content and strategies, in order to promote pre-service teachers with understanding of integrated learning, courage and ability to implement them in professional activities. The aim of an article is analyze possibilities how to improve the pre-service teachers’ readiness to plan integrated lessons for study practice. Methods: qualitative analysis of students’ pedagogical practice diaries.In conclusions and discussion, the suggestions for the development of teacher education Curriculum towards strengthening the different approaches to integrated learning in school education.
CHALLENGES FOR IMPROVING MARKETING ON LATVIAN FARMS
Authors: Brence Ieva , Upeniece Linda
Published: May 2018

Marketing plays an important role in realizing goods and services, yet consumers’ opinions and suggestions for improving cooperation are not usually searched on agricultural farms. The problem is also observed on the farm Birzes, located in Kurzeme region and dealing with the production of agricultural products and the provision of services. Despite the fact it is one of the leading farms by the area of ​​cultivated land and turnover in the district, until now Birzes has not had a detailed study of marketing opportunities for production and sales promoting for recognizing the farm. Taking into account the afore-mentioned, the aim of the research is to investigate the specifics of marketing activities of farms and evaluate the current situation on the farm Birzes. Analysis of literature, statistical data and internal documents are combined with the primary data gathering method – interviews with suppliers of clients of Birzes and content analysis. The research results show that personal contacts pay a very important role in rural farms’ marketing, at the same time customers propose to start using different information transfer channels, especially the communication possibilities offered by the Internet.
IMPROVEMENT OF BUSINESS COMPETENCES AT THE UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Spīča Inese , Spīčs Ernests , Bērziņa Baiba
Published: May 2018

Taking into consideration at the present business environment of the Republic of Latvia, as well as its geographical position and the historical backgroung, it is important to make use of these conditions for further improvement business competences at the universities of Latvia. The object of the present research paper is business competences, the subject of the research paper is analyses of the business competences on the higher education establishments in Latvia. The objective of the research paper is to study the integration process of students and academic staff representing Latvian higher education establishments in formation of business competences in Latvia, to elucidate the factors influencing the business competences, to develop proposals for improvement of business competences  in Latvia.. Research methods: reported analysis of business competences, higher educations establishments in Latvia, study of correlation between business environment factors and business competences, economic and statistical analysis of the universities results, economic experiment, study of public and non -governmental institutions data in Latvia. The present paper includes further development of study on the contents of business competences, factors influencing it, higher education theory and policy.
STUDENTS’ SOCIAL ACTIVITIES, VALUES, MEANINGFULNESS OF LIFE AND SELF-CONFIDENCE
Authors: Ļevina Jeļena , Mārtinsone Kristīne , Mihailova Sandra , Sokola-Nazarenko Marina
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a model that describes the relations between participation of students in social activities oriented toward helping others, their values, namely, discrepancy between importance and attainability of values, meaningfulness of life and self-confidence. The sample consisted of 103 students aged from 18 to 41, 28.2% were males and 71.8% were females. In this research the M.Rokeach technique as modified by E.B. Fantalova, the Meaning-in-Life Orientations test (MOL) developed by D.A. Leontiev, the Self-confidence scale of the “Research of self-attitude” questionnaire (RS) developed by V.V.Stolin and S.R. Pantelejew, and questions from the third European Quality of Life Survey, which measure participation in social activities oriented towards helping others, were used. The first three instruments were translated into Latvian by S. Jirgena (now Mihailova). Validity and reliability of the Latvian versions of the MOL and the RS Self-confidence scale were evaluated, and the Latvian versions of both scales were modified. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used in order to test a theoretically developed model of students’ participation in social activities oriented towards helping others/ discrepancy between importance and attainability of values and meaningfulness of life outcome, and meaningfulness of life and self-confidence outcome. Firstly, it was found that discrepancy between importance and attainability of students’ values is not related to meaningfulness of life. In its turn, it was revealed that participation in such social activity as doing unpaid voluntary work in education, cultural and professional associations has a positive impact on meaningfulness of life and, in its turn, meaningfulness of life has a positive impact on self-confidence.
The effect of excess body weight and obesity on the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies programs
Authors: Mahmadaliyeva Manizha R. , Kogan Igor Yu. , Niauri Dariko A. , Mekina Irina D. , Gzgzyan Alexander M.
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the study. To determine the main indicators of the effectiveness of IVF programs in over-weight and obese patients. Based on the Research Institute of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductology D.O. Ott, we conducted an analysis involving women aged 18–39 years who were treated in the IVF program in the department of assistive technologies in infertility treatment. The study included 97 patients who met the selection criteria. The patients were categorized into three groups: group I, 33 obese women (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30.8 kg/m2); group II, 34 overweight women (BMI = 25 to 29.9 kg/m2); and the control group, 30 normal weight patients (BMI = 18 to 24.9 kg/m2). As a result, the efficiency of ART programs decreased significantly in women of group I, owing to the weaker response of the ovaries to the stimulation of superovulation, which causes an increased gonadotropin demand to stimulate  ovulation.
Eksplorasi Senyawa Bioaktif Alga Cokelat Sargassum sp. Agardh sebagai Antioksidan dari Pesisir Barat Aceh
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Zamani Neviaty P.
Published: May 2018

Alga cokelat merupakan salah satu jenis makroalga laut yang mendominasi kawasan pesisir Barat Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksplorasi senyawa bioaktif alga cokelat Sargassum sp. sebagai sumber antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif. Pengujian terdiri dari analisis proksimat, senyawa aktif, total fenol, aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH dan perhitungan rendemen ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi kimia yang paling dominan terdiri dari kadar abu 52,74% dan kadar karbohidrat 23,77%. Rendemen ekstrak Sargasuum sp. dengan pelarut etanol  0,565%, etil asetat 0,420% dan n-heksan 0,265%. Kadar total fenol etanol ektrak 563,22 mg GAE/g, etil asetat ekstrak 13,48 mg GAE/g, n-heksan ekstrak 30,610 mg GAE/g. Aktivitas antioksidan etanol ekstrak dengan IC50 = 239,51mg/L, etil asetat ekstrak 68,89 mg/L dan n-heksan ekstrak 148.16 mg/L. Ekstrak Sargassum sp. terdeteksi mengandung fenol, alkaloid dan triterpenoid.
Trajetórias e paisagens de exílio na narrativa de Primo Levi
Authors: Basevi Anna
Published: May 2018

Resumo: A obra de Primo Levi representa diversas formas do desterro – o exílio “absoluto”, o nóstos, a diáspora – que moldam a própria estrutura narrativa. A condição do exilado parece assumir a função metafórica de uma experiência histórica e humana, função que Claudio Magris atribui ao mundo judaico e que, ao mesmo tempo, se insere entre os tópicos da literatura do séc. XX. Nestes contextos distintos de exílio, o artigo evidencia as formas de descrever a paisagem estrangeira capazes de trazer à tona marcas estilísticas e narrativas do autor, em diálogo com a literatura clássica de Homero e Ovídio, e com as representações bíblicas. Esta proposta de leitura confirma a ligação estreita, presente em Levi, entre a condição de estrangeiro e a condição do ser humano no estado de exceção da Europa dominada pelo nazismo.Palavras-Chave: exílio; literatura; Primo Levi.Abstract: Primo Levi’s work portrays several exile forms: the “absolute” exile, the nóstos, the diaspora. These are kinds of exile that help shaping the narrative structure itself. The exiled seems to assume a metaphoric function for both historical and human condition. According to Claudio Magris, this function can be, at the same time, related to the Jewish world and inserted among literary topics from the 20th century. Drawing on those distinct contexts of exile, this article shows how the descriptions of the foreign landscape are evidence to the author’s stylistic and narrative features, in connection with the classic literature of Homer and Ovid, and with the biblical representations. This analysis proposal confirms the close connection, present in Levi, between the status of foreigner and the condition of the human being in the state of exception of Europe dominated by Nazism.Keywords: exile; literature; Primo Levi.
Percursos pós-modernistas: hibridismo e simulação na ficção de Luiz Ruffato
Authors: Silva Maurício
Published: May 2018

Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a prosa de ficção de Luiz Ruffato – em especial seu livro Flores artificiais (2014) – sob a perspectiva do hibridismo (considerando, em especial, o conceito de hibridismo identitário, proposto por Stuart Hall) e da simulação (considerando, em especial, o conceito de simulacro, proposto por Jean Baudrillard). A intenção deste artigo é demonstrar como a prosa de ficção de Luiz Ruffato incorpora, no plano da narrativa, mas também no da linguagem, ambos os conceitos acima aludidos, fazendo deles categorias estruturantes de sua produção ficcional.Palavras-chave: Luiz Ruffato; literatura brasileira; hibridismo; simulação; pós-modernidade.Abstract: This article aims to analyze the Luiz Ruffato fiction – especially his book Flores Artificiais (2014) – under the hybrid approach (considering in particular the concept of hybridity identity proposed by Stuart Hall) and simulation (considering in particular the concept of simulacrum, proposed by Jean Baudrillard). This article intents to demonstrate how to Luiz Ruffato prose fiction incorporates both concepts alluded above into the narrative plan, and also in language, making them structuring categories of his fictional production.Keywords: Luiz Ruffato; Brazilian literature; hybridity; simulation; post-modernity.
Community Schools and the Role of University-School-Community Collaboration
Authors: Provinzano Kathleen Teresa , Riley Ryan , Levine Bruce , Grant Allen
Published: May 2018

Public school districts are locally controlled and funded through local property taxes. Funding schools this way perpetuates structural inequities in poorer school districts and as a result, students living in poverty have minimal access to critical resources that support student learning. Community schools are resurfacing in many of these urban spaces as a mechanism for addressing the systemic and structural inequities plaguing students, schools, and communities. Advocates posit that increasing student achievement requires addressing the needs of the whole child; conceptualizing schooling through this lens offers an expanded vision of what public education needs to be for many of today’s children. This paper aims to improve our overall understanding of community schools and highlights specific actions taken by community organizations and higher education institutions to create meaningful partnerships with public schools operating as community schools. The authors posit that collaborative and organically developed, grassroots relationships have the potential to alter the traditional dynamic between internal public school employees and external stakeholders, leading to school, student, and community transformation.
Study of acquired oesophageal strictures
Authors: Jaiswal Nandakishor , Jaiswal Kirti , Deshpande Amit V.
Published: May 2018

Background: We profiled the patients of acquired oesophageal strictures coming to our hospital in terms of causes, clinical presentation, efficacy of investigations and treatment modalities.Methods: In this two-year observational study, all patients presenting with complaint of difficulty in swallowing were enrolled and subjected to detailed history taking, examination, barium swallow study and other investigations. The patients were managed with surgical and/or non-surgical approaches, as indicated.Results: Out of total 46 eligible patients, 34 presented with malignant strictures while 12 presented with benign ones. Dysphagia was the commonest symptom in patients with malignant (31, 91.17%) as well as benign strictures (12, 100%). Shouldering with hold up of barium (19, 55.88%) was the most common finding noted in malignant strictures, while those with benign stricture had smooth tapering (7, 58.33%) as the commonest finding. On flexible endoscopy, the level of growth corroborated with the barium swallow findings in all 34 patients with malignant strictures and the lower one third (16, 47.05%) was observed to be the most common site of affection. Majority (21, 58.8%) of patients were having squamous cell carcinoma, with adenocarcinoma dominating in lower one third lesions (13 out of 16, 81.25%). No cases of adenocarcinoma were noted in middle and upper one third lesions.Conclusions: Majority of patients with malignant strictures were having squamous cell carcinoma, with adenocarcinoma dominating in lower one third lesions. Surgical resection led to relief from dysphagia in all the 6 cases of oesophagectomy with oesophagogastric anastomosis in malignant stricture cases with excellent long term survival and symptomatic relief
Surgical management of anal fissure versus Glyceryl Trinitrate ointment: a comparative prospective study
Authors: Reddy Sandeep , . Krishnaprasad , P. N. Sreeramulu , Abraham Amal , G. P. Praveen , Reddy Muni , R. Deepthi
Published: May 2018

Background: Anal fissure is common condition in general population which cause severe pain at the anal region while defecation and associated with bleeding. These symptoms cause reduction in quality of life with considerable morbidity. The objective of this study was to compare the difference in outcome between open lateral anal sphincterotomy and application of topical 0.2% nitroglycerin ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure and their individual efficacy.Methods: 68 cases with a clinical diagnosis of anal fissure were recruited in the study. All selected patients met with inclusion criteria. Thus, selected cases were assigned to one of the other groups by odd and even method. Group A was managed conservatively using topical 0.2% nitroglycerin ointment, whereas Group B underwent open lateral anal sphincterotomy. Both groups were followed up at 3 week, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, after the treatment.Results: Among all the 68 patients, all patients had come with complaint of pain whereas 31 patients had bleeding per rectum along with pain. On clinical examination, hypertonic anal sphincter elicited in 47 patients, sentinel skin tag was noted in the 23 patients. Group A included 34 patients treated with topical 0.2% nitroglycerin ointment and group B included 34 patients who underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy. In group A, 25 (73.5%) patients treated successfully, 9 (26.4%) patients were uncured who underwent lateral anal sphincterotomy, with no fresh complaints during follow up. By contrast, all patients in group B were successfully treated and only one (0.03%) patient came with unexplained discomfort and one patient suffered from flatus incontinency.Conclusions: This prospective study, demonstrates that open lateral internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin application in the treatment of anal fissure with good symptomatic relief, high rate of healing with very low rate of early incontinence. Patients who are not willing to undergo surgery the glycerin trinitrate ointment can be used as medical line for fissure in ano.
Role of laparoscopy in treatment of tubercular pyoperitoneum
Authors: Goel Anubhav , Bansal Ankur , Rana Jinendra , Kumar Chandrodaya
Published: May 2018

Background: Abdominal TB, which may involve the gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, lymph nodes or solid viscera, constitutes up to 12% of extrapulmonary TB and 1-3% of the total. Tuberculosis can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract and is the sixth most frequent site of extrapulmonary involvement. Both the incidence and severity of abdominal tuberculosis are expected to increase with increasing incidence of HIV infection. Peritoneal tuberculosis occurs in three forms: wet type with ascitis, dry type with adhesions, and fibrotic type with omental thickening and loculated ascites. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of laparoscopy in cases of pyoperitoneum.Methods: In present study authors included the cases of pyoperitoneum which is diagnosed by ultrasound aspiration and no sign of perforation of bowel and is hemodynamic stable.Results: A total of 14 cases of pyoperitoneum were included. All underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. 3 had underlying ruptured appendicitis and excluded from study. Rest 11 had no perforation associated with it. 7 were female and 4 were male. Through lavarge of peritoneum done and drain placed in pelvis. Fluid was sent for ADA estimation which was increased in all eleven cases. DOTS treatment was started in all cases and they respond well to treatment in 6 month follow up.Conclusions: Tubercular pyoperitoneum is common entity in surgical setting. Laparoscopy has got encouraging role in these cases as it avoids laparotomy and complications associated with it.
Clinical study of nodal involvement in carcinoma penis: role of perineural and perivascular invasion in lymph node metastasis
Authors: Kumar P. Ganesh , Venkateswaran P.
Published: May 2018

Background: Penile malignancies constitute a major health problem in the developing countries especially the Afro Asian countries. It constitutes about 10% of all malignancy. The incidence of the penile malignancy is in decreasing trend in many parts of the world due to improved awareness about the personal hygiene. In this study special effort was made to analyze the histopathological correlation in predicting the lymph node involvement particularly the perivascular and perineural invasion of a tumor on his to pathology and its influence on the lymph node metastasis.Methods: After getting prior ethical committee clearance 42 cases of histopathologically proven cases are included in the study. Those patients included are explained about the nature of the study, investigations that are done. They have also discussed the various treatment options available in Thanjavur medical college. Proper consent in patients own language is obtained before including in the study.Results: The most common histological type found in present study was squalors type. More than 90% (93%) shows squamous variety. Verrucous carcinoma was found in two patients. One patient present with the mixed presentation.Conclusions: Tumour with high grade, high stage, and perineural and per vascular invasion is associated with more nodal metastasis. It is highly recommended to carry out nodal dissection in such types of a tumor. Screening for the early stage of the disease and addressing for the inguinal nodes for the high-risk group will significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of carcinoma penis.
A clinicopathological study of carcinoma penis in a rural population in Southern India
Authors: Venkateswaran P. , Kumar P. Ganesh
Published: May 2018

Background: Carcinoma penis is not an uncommon malignancy in rural population. The various epidemiological, clinical and pathological factors were analysed and compared with the global standards. To analyse the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of carcinoma penis and their influence on the outcome of management strategies adopted.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in government Villupuram medical college hospital Villupuram between July 2015 and July 2017 over 42 new carcinoma penis cases that were treated in the department of general surgery. Particularly about the site of origin of the lesion whether prepuce, glans, corona, or shaft.Results: The most common presenting symptom in our study was the growth. It constitutes about 71% of the cases. Ulcer and discharge are seen in 24 and 3 percent of cases respectively. Most of the cases present with multiple symptoms. Apart from these symptoms urinary disturbance and weight loss are the most common associated symptom. Pain is absent in most of the cases unless there is a superadded infection. Nodal disease as a presenting symptom is not seen in our study. But 3 patients present recurrence as nodal disease after treatment of primary.Conclusions: Screening of the high-risk age group will decrease in unnecessary delay in presentation of the disease. Educating about the personal hygiene will decrease the possible etiology of the disease. Improving the self-discipline by cessation of smoking and avoiding extramarital contact will significantly decrease the disease frequency.
Prevalence of solitary thyroid nodule and evaluation of the risk factors associated with occurrence of malignancy in a solitary nodule of thyroid
Authors: Kishan A. Manmadha , Prasad Kameshwari
Published: May 2018

Background: A solitary nodule may become cosmetically distressing to a patient and occasionally causes pressure symptoms. Less frequently, an autonomously hyper functioning single nodule may cause hyperthyroidism. However, in the greater proportion of patients the major concern relates to the potential of malignancy with in such a nodule. Objective of present study was to study prevalence of solitary thyroid nodule and evaluate the risk factors associated with occurrence of malignancy in a solitary nodule of thyroid.Methods: This is a prospective study of randomly selected patients with clinically palpable, solitary thyroid nodule diagnosed and treated at Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences Karimnagar. Total duration of study was two years, from 2010 October to 2012 September.Results: The prevalence was found to be 19.2% in the present study. Majority were females i.e. 86.7%. It was found that maximum i.e. 36% of the cases belonged to the age group of 21-30 years. Swelling of the thyroid region was present in all cases. 97% of the patients were found to be euthyroid. FNAC showed that majority had follicular neoplasm. Hemi-thyroidectomy was the most common method used in 62 cases. Cytology diagnosis as Follicular neoplasm was the most common indication of surgery in 34 cases. Follicular adenoma was the most common histopathological finding in 43% of the cases. Benign lesion was the most common lesion in both males and females. Papillary cancer was the most common. The sensitivity of FNAC was found to be 94%.Conclusions: FNAC is the gold standard for evaluation of solitary thyroid nodules with an accuracy of 94% in our study. Females are more commonly affected than Males. 11.4% of Solitary Thyroid nodules were malignant. Suspect malignancy at extremes of age. Malignant potential of solitary thyroid nodule after 6th decade is 50%.
Incidence of triple receptor status (ER, PR, HER-2) in patients undergoing mastectomy in MMC and RGGGH, Chennai, India during 2010-2014: a prospective and retrospective study
Authors: Subramanian P. , Venkateswaran P.
Published: May 2018

Background: Breast cancer is the most common of all cancers and is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide, accounting for about 1.5% of all deaths. A recent study in India revealed that 1 in 28 women develop breast cancer during their lifetime. Objective was to study the incidence of receptor status in patients who underwent mastectomy for carcinoma breast in Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India.Methods: All women with carcinoma breast who had undergone a mastectomy in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital in the past 5 years and their resected specimen tested for receptor status by pathologists. Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, Her2/neu receptor by using special kits.Results: The most common type was found to be ER+ PR- Her2- and the least common was the Triple Positive type. Estrogen Receptor alone was positive in 63 patients. It was common for age groups 41-50 years and 31-40 years. Progesterone Receptor alone was positive in 17 patients. It was seen in age groups 51-60 years, 31-40 years, and 41-50 yrs. Her2 neu receptor alone was positive in 20 cases. It was most common in the age group 31-40 years (50% cases). Both ER and Her2/neu receptor were positive in 20 patients. The highest was among the age groups 41-50 years (35%) & 31-40 years (30%). All the three receptors were found to be positive in 8 cases with the highest being in the age group 41-50 years (4 cases) followed by 31-40 years (3 cases) and 51-60 years (1 case).Conclusions: The incidence of Progesterone receptor positivity was 32.5%. It was higher in postmenopausal women (36.25%) compared to premenopausal women (30%).The incidence of Her2/neu receptor positivity was found to be 32.5%. It was equally distributed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women (32.5%). The most common receptor subtype was ER+ve, PR-ve, Her2/neu-ve contributing 31.5%.
Harmonic scalpel, the tool for new age laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Sharma Navneet , Chauhan Arun , Sharma Ved , Gupta Arun , Pathania Sucheta
Published: May 2018

Background: Among the various abdominal procedures, operations performed on the biliary tract are the most common and cholecystectomy is the commonest performed surgical procedure amongst them. Currently laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is considered the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease. Cholecystectomy done by harmonic scalpel is an attractive alternative technique being more cost effective and having equivalent results in regard to post-operative recovery and pain as compared to standard laparoscopic procedure. The objective of this study was to compare Clipless (Harmonic scalpel assisted) and Conventional Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of symptomatic cholelithiasis were included in the present study. Patients were divided randomly into two groups. The control group (Group-A) underwent conventional LC using mono-polar electro-surgery for dissection of gallbladder bed and clips for ligation of cystic duct and artery while the study group (Group-B) underwent LC using the harmonic scalpel. The harmonic scalpel was used as the sole instrument for division of the cystic duct and artery as well as dissection of the gallbladder bed.Results: The mean duration of surgery in the conventional LC group was found to be 46 min 50 sec and 33 min 10 sec in the clipless LC group, the difference being statistically significant (p <0.05). Perforation of gall bladder occurred in 12 cases in conventional LC group as compared to 2 cases in clipless laparoscopic (P <0.05).Conclusions: The clipless LC approach has a definite edge over conventional LC, in regard to lesser duration of surgery, fewer operative complications and shorter post-operative hospital stay.
Analysis of the ipsilateral and the contralateral foot in patients admitted with diabetic foot complication through Amit Jain’s triple assessment for foot in diabetes
Authors: Jain Amit Kumar C. , Jabbar Saniya , S. Gopal
Published: May 2018

Background: Diabetic foot is a well-known complication of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the foot evaluation done in surgical patients admitted with diabetic foot problems and to distribute the components of evaluation through Amit Jain’s triple assessment for foot in diabetes.Methods: A descriptive retrospective analysis was carried out in Department of Surgery of Rajarajeswari Medical College, Bangalore, India. The study was approved by Institutional ethics committee.Results: 50 inpatients files of surgery patients were reviewed. Majority of patients were males. The most common diagnosis was non-healing ulcer affecting 34% of patients. Around 26% of patients had diagnosis written as just Diabetic Foot without mentioning the pathological lesion. 38% of patients didn’t have duration of diabetes mellitus mentioned in records. Although 94% of patients had ipsilateral foot examined, the component distribution like feeling the peripheral pulses and testing sensation for neuropathy was only 42% and 2%. The contralateral foot was examined in only 2% of patients.Conclusions: Diabetic foot is often neglected by patients and health care professionals. This study that analyzes diabetic foot evaluation through Amit Jain’s triple assessment for foot shows that although the ipsilateral foot is inspected in 94% of the patients, only 42% patient’s pulses were assessed and only 2% patients’ sensation were tested. The contralateral foot wasn’t examined in 98% of patients. Amit Jain’s triple assessment should be considered a minimum and mandatory evaluation tool for all patients with diabetic foot.
Retroperitoneal germ cell tumor mimicking neoplasm of ampulla of Vater
Authors: Vega Rodrigo Velázquez-de la , Díaz-Flores Aarón , Trejo-Ávila Mario E. , Bada-Yllán Orlando , Delano-Alonso Roberto , Valenzuela-Salazar Carlos
Published: May 2018

A 20-year-old man previously healthy, presented to the emergency department for evaluation of obstructive jaundice, backache and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a dilated common bile duct (up to 2 cm), increased gallbladder dimensions (10.3 x 4.9 cm) with biliary sludge. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a retroperitoneal tumor with 18 x 14 cm dimensions, and numerous large retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The liver demonstrated a bilateral intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was performed. The study revealed an ulcerative neoplasm of ampulla of Vater, and the cholangiogram obtained images of dilated extra-hepatic and intra-hepatic bile ducts with a large stenosis in the distal third of the common bile duct. After biopsies were analyzed, the definite diagnosis was a retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumor (subtype: embryonal carcinoma) with infiltrative invasion to duodenal wall. A testicular ultrasonography ruled out a testicular tumor. Endoscopic stenting was necessary for decompress the unresectable malignant bile duct obstruction. Patient was referred for cisplatinum based chemotherapy.
Fronto-parietal Osteomyelitis managed by Bipedicled Bucket Handle scalp flap
Authors: Dixit Pawan K. , Upadhyay Divya Narain
Published: May 2018

Osteomyelitis of skull is rare clinical entity in today’s world. Mortality from complications from skull osteomyelitis is 20-40 %. We report a 60-year-old patient presented with fronto-parietal osteomyelitis with orbital extension, with known cardiac and pulmonary disease. Large bipedicled bucket handle flap was used for soft tissue reconstruction. Though free flap reconstruction is ideal for large scalp defect, it requires technical expertise and patient’s fitness for surgery. Bipedicled bucket handle flap can be successfully used for large scalp defect reconstruction in patients in which free flap reconstruction is not possible.
The favourable effect of catechin in electrochemotherapy in human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Michel Olga , Przystupski Dawid , Saczko Jolanta , Szewczyk Anna , Niedzielska Natalia , Rossowska Joanna , Kulbacka Julita
Published: May 2018

Until recently, green tea polyphenols were considered strong antioxidants. However, the latest reports have revealed that bioflavonoids can play a multiple role in anticancer therapy, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and generation of the oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The presented research was designed to examine the potential of the green tea (±)-catechin as a reinforcement of the electrochemotherapy (ECT) with cisplatin in pancreatic cancer in vitro. The study was performed on two cell lines of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) – parental EPP85-181P and multidrug-resistant EPP85-181RNOV. Prior to the ECT protocol the cells were preincubated with high or low concentration of catechin for 2 or 24 hours, respectively. We assessed the influence of preincubation on the cisplatin toxicity with and without electroporation (EP), the electrosensitivity of PDA cell lines and the uptake of the daunorubicin and propidium iodide. Additionally, we evaluated the antioxidative properties of catechin by the measurement of the ROS-related fluorescence and the immunoreactivity of the oxidative stress-related enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). We found that co-treatment with catechin can firmly enhance the efficacy of electroporation with cisplatin in vitro. More favorable effect was obtained for 2-hour incubation, which indicates the involvement of the transcriptional-independent mechanisms of catechin action. The effect may be partially explained by the increased oxidative stress level, which was higher in multidrug-resistant cells. However, further studies on cisplatin-catechin interplay and the thorough examination of the catechin-cell membrane interaction need to be performed.
Mídia, comportamento e cultura
Authors: Wang Maria De Lima , Pereira Maria Eliza Mazzilli , Andery Maria Amalia
Published: May 2018

De forma geral, encontram-se os seguintes problemas na literatura que trata da relação entre mídia e público: a) a mídia tradicional (jornal, rádio, televisão) é descrita como antidemocrática, desconsiderando-se serviços relevantes prestados por ela e o controle do público-alvo sobre a mídia; b) a mídia social (blogs, Facebook, Twitter) é tratada como salvaguarda da democracia, sem se considerar formas de censura realizadas por meio de algoritmos específicos, que determinam que conteúdo é exibido ou ocultado do público. Neste artigo, propõe-se uma análise comportamental da mídia, baseando-se em princípios da seleção comportamental/cultural pelas consequências. Argumenta-se ser preciso descrever inter-relações entre agências de controle e em outras contingências de reforçamento que afetam o comportamento individual e em grupo nas interações com a mídia e pela mídia. Implica considerar práticas culturais dominantes, levando em conta que certas práticas podem ser incompatíveis entre grupos constitutivos de uma cultura. À parte a noção de democracia não ser necessariamente consensual, é possível que se encontrem dimensões de práticas democráticas e antidemocráticas nas mídias tradicional e social. Considera-se que a análise do comportamento deveria compreender melhor possibilidades e limites das novas tecnologias de comunicação, sobretudo das mídias sociais, em possíveis intervenções culturais.
Comportamentos de Fair Play e Antiesportivos: Avaliação dos Árbitros
Authors: Bosquetti Marcella Andressa , De Morais Amanda Oliveira , Altimari Leandro , De Souza Silvia Regina
Published: May 2018

Objetivou-se investigar comportamentos de fair play e antiesportivos em jogos de futsal das categorias Sub 9 e Sub 15, por meio da avaliação dos árbitros. Participaram 17 árbitros que apitaram jogos da 1ª divisão de um campeonato de futsal em uma cidade do Paraná. Ao final de cada partida os árbitros respondiam a Ficha de Avaliação de Fair Play, que era composta por seis questões referentes à atuação dos técnicos, atletas e a própria atuação. A ficha avaliava, por meio de uma escala de 0-10, o quanto a atuação dos participantes havia sido esportiva ou antiesportiva. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados comparando-se a atribuição de notas entre as categorias observadas, entre as questões e entre as categorias e as súmulas das partidas. Análises estatísticas sugerem que há diferenças significativas referente à esportividade entre as categorias, sendo a Sub 9 a que, na opinião dos árbitros, apresentou mais comportamentos de fair play. Com relação à atribuição de notas, a análise estatística apontou para a não existência de correlação entre as notas atribuídas e a quantidade de faltas e cartões durante as partidas. Com base nos resultados obtidos e na escassez de trabalhos realizados sobre fair play com árbitros sugere-se investigações futuras.
Efeitos de treinos sucessivo e concomitante sobre a recombinação de repertórios de cavar e escalar em Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Filho Hernando Borges Neves , Dicezare Rodrigo Harder Ferro , Filho Alceu Martins , Mijares Miriam Garcia-
Published: May 2018

A recombinação de repertórios é um processo comportamental relacionado a resolução de problemas e origem de comportamentos novos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo testar o efeito de treinos concomitante e sucessivo sobre a recombinação de dois repertórios: (a) cavar, e; (b) escalar, em ratos (Rattus norvegicus). Seis ratos foram alocados dois a dois em três condições de treino. Em uma condição, os repertórios foram treinados em duas sessões diárias, uma de cada repertório (condição concomitante, n=2). Na segunda condição, foram realizadas uma sessão por dia, e primeiro foi treinado o repertório de cavar, e depois de encerrado o treino de cavar, foi treinado o repertório de escalar (condição sucessiva, n=2). Em uma terceira condição (n=2), foi feito o treino sucessivo idêntico a segunda condição, com a adição de sessões de retomada do primeiro repertório treinado, antes do teste. Para testar a recombinação, os animais foram expostos a uma situação problema cuja solução exigia que cavassem e encontrassem uma fresta que dava acesso a escadas que chegavam em uma plataforma com comida, uma sequência de respostas nunca diretamente treinada. Todos os sujeitos, das três condições, resolveram a tarefa final, porém com topografias de resolução do problema distintas. Os sujeitos da condição concomitante resolveram o problema em menor tempo, em comparação com os demais sujeitos. Com base nos dados, são avaliados os efeitos de variáveis de treino sobre a recombinação de repertórios e os critérios utilizados para avaliar diferentes topografias de solução de um mesmo problema.
Aplicação do Sistema Multidimensional de Categorização de Comportamentos em sessões de coaching
Authors: Borges Nicodemos , Gonçalves Camila Quintella , Pinto Rute Brasil
Published: May 2018

O coaching é um processo de intervenção voltado para o desenvolvimento de repertório cuja demanda tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Apesar deste aumento, são poucas as pesquisas que investigam o coaching, sendo ainda mais raras investigações focadas em estudos de processo. Dado esse cenário, lançou-se mão de um método utilizado para investigar processos clínicos para investigar um processo de coaching, pois, assim como a psicoterapia, o coaching também é uma modalidade de intervenção que ocorre em um sistema de parceria profissional-cliente. A presente pesquisa investigou comportamentos verbais vocais que ocorreram na interação entre coach e coachee num processo de coaching. Para isso, utilizou-se o Sistema Multidimensional para a Categorização de Comportamentos na Interação Terapêutica. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os tipos de comportamentos do coach mais comuns são Informação, Solicitação de relatos e Solicitação de reflexões; enquanto que os do cliente são Relato e Estabelecimento de relação. Além disso, quando comparados a resultados de pesquisas a respeito de psicoterapia, parece haver diferença, sendo que nesta última modalidade de intervenção parece haver maior incidência de comportamentos de Interpretação e Empatia que em processos de coaching. Os resultados sugerem também que processos de coaching parecem direcionados para que o coachee adquira auto-observação, autoanálise e autocontrole.
O que nos motiva: uma resenha crítica do livro Payoff: The Hidden Logic That Shapes Our Motivations
Authors: Ben Rodrigo Dan
Published: May 2018

A motivação está presente em tudo o que fazemos. Com esse pressuposto, o novo livro de Dan Ariely apresenta como podemos destruir a motivação, sentir prazer em fazer- mos algo nós mesmos, como diferentes tipos de recompensas alteram a motivação, e como a motivação se estende para além da existência individual. O livro contém vários exemplos coti- dianos e os argumentos podem ser compreendidos de maneira intuitiva, porém, a fundamen- tação empírica escassa limita a generalidade e con abilidade dos argumentos apresentados.
Perspectivas Analítico-Comportamentais sobre a homossexualidade: análise da produção científica
Authors: Mizael Táhcita Medrado
Published: May 2018

Pesquisadores como Skinner e Holland escreveram sobre as possibilidades de a análise do comportamento ser útil na superação de problemas sociais relevantes, como o racismo e o sexismo. Levando em consideração a relevância social do tema homossexualidade e a produção tecnológica e científica da análise do comportamento para o auxílio de indivíduos e/ou na análise de questões sociais relevantes, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a produção científica da área sobre as questões ligadas à homossexualidade, ressaltando o que foi pesquisado, as possíveis contribuições da área, e as lacunas que poderão ser preenchidas em estudos futuros. As palavras-chave “homossexualidade”, “orientação sexual”, “heterossexualidade” e “bissexualidade” foram buscadas em 13 periódicos da área, nacionais e internacionais. Quatro artigos foram encontrados. De maneira geral, os artigos se propuseram a analisar a homossexualidade ou a homofobia/preconceito sexual a partir de contingências de reforçamento e punição às quais os indivíduos podem ter sido submetidos, ou analisar as possíveis “causas” biológicas da homossexualidade. Análises funcionais de comportamentos considerados preconceituosos e estudos sobre o uso de piadas e/ou outros comportamentos potencialmente discriminatórios como práticas reforçadas pela comunidade verbal são exemplos de lacunas da área que podem ser abordadas em pesquisas futuras.