bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Patients Presenting with Headache at Binocular Vision Clinic: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Alrasheed Saif Hassan
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To assess the clinical characteristics of patients presenting with headache at binocular vision clinic.Place and Duration of Study: Al-Neelain eye hospital, Sudan, from February to October 2018.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Material and Methods: One hundred fifty patients with history of headache were included in study. Dissociated heterophoria was measured using Maddox Wing and Maddox Rod. Associated heterophoria was assessed by the Mallett unit fixation disparity and fusional vergence was measured using a prism bar. The relationship between measures was determined using the chi-squared analysis. For all statistical determinations, significance levels were set at p < 0.05.Results: Mean age was 25 ± 3.5 years. Femalesconstituted 78% and headache was significantly associated with females (P < 0.0001). Majority of patients (82%)presented with exophoria (mean = 4.74 ± 0.75 Δ Base-In) at near fixation, 10.7% were orthophoric and7.34percentage were esophoric (mean = 3.24 ± 0.5 Δ Base-Out). The association between near heterophoria andheadache was statically significant (χ2 = 7.426; p = 0.001). Association between distance heterophoria andheadache was not statistically significant (χ2 = 22.172; p = 0.265). The association between headache andpositive fusional vergence at near fixation was statically significant (p = 0.03). Leading cause of headache wasconvergence weakness exophoria (39.3%; p = 0.001), followed by convergence insufficiency (24%; p = 0.02).Conclusion: Headache was more common in females and was associated with exophoria, convergenceinsufficiency and inadequate positive fusional vergence at near fixation
Diseño de experimentos : métodos y aplicaciones
Authors: Melo Martínez Oscar Orlando , López Pérez Luis Alberto , Melo Martínez Sandra Esperanza
Published: July 2020

Esta segunda edición del libro Diseño de Experimentos: métodos y aplicaciones la ponemos al servicio de profesores, investigadores y estudiantes de las diferentes áreas del conocimiento científico que dentro de su actividad utilizan métodos experimentales. El libro en esta segunda edición, presenta temas de interés que son relevantes en muchas áreas del conocimiento científico. El libro está escrito en un lenguaje asequible para quienes tengan conocimientos básicos en métodos estadísticos y algunos conceptos de álgebra de matrices, principios de modelos lineales y modelos lineales generalizados. La temática que se aborda, en general puede encontrarse en muchos otros textos especializados en áreas del conocimiento como: diseños de experimentos, modelos lineales generalizados y superficies de respuesta. Sin embargo, el enfoque teórico práctico que le damos a este texto le da una particularidad especial dentro del marco de los diferentes textos de diseños de experimentos que son de amplia circulación en el campo de la estadística experimental. Nuestra motivación fundamental lo constituyen los trabajos de Hinkelmann y Kempthorne (1994, 2005) y Hinkelmann (2012), libros considerados influyentes en el campo de la enseñanza y la investigación de los diseños experimentales, estos autores contribuyeron a darnos una visión más amplia de la estadística experimental y a motivarnos a escribir esta obra en lenguaje español.
Ejecución, implementación y activación: aportes goodmanianos al problema de la definición del arte en la estética analítica
Authors: Martínez Atencio Mariano O
Published: July 2020

La estética analítica hizo suyo, entre otros, el problema de la definición del arte y halló en el concepto dantiano de artworld una alternativa de solución eficiente. Motivador de subsecuentes propuestas, el costado más contextualista del programa de Arthur Danto debe aún enfrentar el reclamo de una supuesta falta de especificidad. Este escrito busca poner en diálogo dicho aporte teórico con los desarrollos hechos por Nelson Goodman en torno al arte a fin de aportar elementos de efectiva visibilidad frente a tal reclamo. Al hacerlo, se prevé analizar la diferencia introducida por este último a propósito de la ejecución y la implementación como instancias configuradoras de lo artístico de espesor y relevancia para su lectura funcionalista. La articulación de un bloque explicativo afin a ambos planteos supone, así, una alternativa novedosa para el área teórica en que se inserta al tiempo que otorga una ventaja considerable frente al marco contextualista del tratamiento del problema.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PORTABLE ATMOSPHERIC WATER SEQUESTRATOR AS AN OFF-GRID WATER SYSTEM
Authors: Lorenz E. Borromeo
Published: July 2020

The lack of access to clean water has been one of the major issues in water-stressed countries. In this study, the design and fabrication of a prototype portable atmospheric water sequestrator device was carried out and tested for its ability to harness available water vapor in the atmosphere. The system utilized the concept of Peltier effect in Peltier units as a new way to liquefy atmospheric water. MATLAB® was used to investigate effects of different parameters namely humidity ratio, volumetric air flow rate, and Peltier surface temperature on water generation. Results showed that humidity ratio exhibited the highest significance among the parameters. Furthermore, the highest water production was found to be 7.643 mL at a Peltier surface temperature of 4 ºC, air flowrate of 24 ft3/min, and humidity ratio of 0.021. Moreover, the physico-chemical characteristics of the water produced was well under the Philippine standards and can be classified into Public Water Supply Class I.

KEYWORDS: Design and fabrication, portable water sequestrator, Peltier effect, water generation
Nossa posição no Universo: uma proposta de sequência didática para o ensino médio
Authors: Silva Thiago Pereira da , Bisch Sérgio Mascarello
Published: July 2020

Na sequência didática “Nossa Posição no Universo”, voltada a estudantes do Ensino Médio, procurou-se elaborar atividades e materiais potencialmente significativos, envolvendo práticas de observação do céu a olho nu e com telescópio, complementadas com oficinas de construção de modelos tridimensionais da constelação do Cruzeiro do Sul e do Sistema Solar; debates em sala de aula sobre as atividades desenvolvidas; utilização de vídeos motivadores e do software Stellarium. Analisando os dados coletados, foi possível averiguar indícios de aprendizagem significativa, como no caso de estudantes que, antes da sequência didática, afirmavam que no céu noturno só seria possível observar estrelas e que imaginavam esse céu com pouca ou nenhuma profundidade. Após as atividades, eles conseguiram vislumbrar que, além das estrelas, no céu há planetas visíveis, mesmo a olho nu, e que ele possui uma profundidade, evidenciando uma maior elaboração, aproximação e reconciliação integradora entre os conceitos de céu e de Universo.
Discursos de docentes dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental sobre o tema “estações do ano”
Authors: Lima Sorandra Corrêa de , Nardi Roberto
Published: July 2020

Apresentamos aqui um recorte de uma pesquisa que teve como foco um curso de formação de professores em serviço em uma escola pública, por meio de parceria com uma universidade. Os pesquisadores se dispuseram a assessorar docentes dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental em conteúdos relacionadas ao ensino de Ciências, particularmente, ao conhecimento físico. O objetivo foi averiguar como tal assessoramento pôde contribuir para novas interpretações e estratégias metodológicas de docentes em serviço a partir de resultados da pesquisa em ensino de Física e Ciências sobre temas proposto pelo currículo escolar. Destacamos neste artigo os discursos das docentes da amostra considerada sobre o tema “Estações do Ano”. O estudo teve como referencial teórico-metodológico a Análise de Discurso em sua linha francesa. Dentre os objetivos alcançados pela parceria, pôde-se observar que as docentes: i) passaram a explicar o fenômeno de forma compatível com a explicação cientificamente aceita; ii) criaram formas de inseri-lo, conscientemente, em suas práticas pedagógicas, mostrando maior autonomia para o ensino de noções de Ciências presentes na proposta curricular para os anos iniciais, principalmente no eixo temático “Terra e Universo”, relacionado com a Astronomia.
Análise da inserção do conteúdo de Astronomia no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio do Brasil (1998-2018)
Authors: Santos Raquel de Oliveira dos , Florczak Marcos Antonio
Published: July 2020

Este artigo é uma análise documental das questões com abordagem de Astronomia no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). Foram analisadas as questões que contêm temas de Astronomia do ano de 1998 a 2018 da sua distribuição em relação às áreas de conhecimento ofertadas no exame. As questões foram classificadas em relação às diversas áreas da Astronomia, comparando-as com os documentos oficiais do ensino médio (PCN+) e critérios da tabela de classificação de temas com abordagem de Astronomia de Bretones (1999). Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre os conteúdos, assuntos e a forma de avaliação-cobrança das respostas destas questões. Durante os primeiros21 anos do ENEM, foram identificadas 58 questões, 2,33% do total, que possuem assuntos de Astronomia. Além disso, os conteúdos previstos pelos PCN+ são abordados apesar de que a recorrência dessas questões seja pequena e bastante variável em cada edição do ENEM.
Comparison of Astronomy school education curricula between Philippines and Japan
Authors: Crisostomo Lieza , Uenoyama Sachiyo , Sagisaka Kanae , Tomita Akihiko
Published: July 2020

As a case study for developing countries aiming at improving science and Astronomy school education, we compare the Philippine and Japanese school science curricula. The Philippines recently changed its national curriculum with a view of strengthening science education. Japan, on the other hand, already has a reputable national curriculum and continues to be one of the outstanding countries in science education. Likewise, higher education and informal Astronomy education of the two countries were reviewed for similarities and differences. The Philippine and Japanese National Curriculum Standards and government approved science books were used in the analysis of their respective Astronomy learning competencies. The findings show that the Astronomy-related topics in both countries are almost the same, but Filipino students have more time and exposure to Astronomy concepts compared to Japanese students. On the other hand, Japan is rich in student research presentation in high school. Japan offers more opportunities and facilities to students who would like to pursue both Astronomy education and research. It seems that these backgrounds are the basis for richer Astronomy research environment in Japan.
Formação de professores dos anos iniciais e saberes docentes mobilizados durante um curso de formação em Astronomia
Authors: Prado Andréia Fernandes , Nardi Roberto
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa mais ampla, desenvolvida no decorrer do curso de extensão em Astronomia “Diário do Céu – Introdução à Astronomia para Professores da Educação Básica”. A pesquisa investigou quais foram os saberes docentes mobilizados por professores dos anos iniciais durante a realização do referido curso de formação em Astronomia. Para a fundamentação teórica, foram utilizados os referenciais da área de Ensino de Ciências, da Formação de Professores, bem como da Educação em Astronomia, além da Análise de Discurso da linha francesa. Os resultados indicam uma necessidade de formação, no que se refere aos conteúdos de Astronomia, uma vez que os professores são polivalentes, com formação inicial em curso de Pedagogia e licenciaturas afins, e não foram contemplados com tais conteúdos em suas estruturas curriculares. Por outro lado, o estudo evidencia que os docentes mobilizaram diversos saberes, entre os quais podemos citar os saberes disciplinares.
Printing the Future
Authors: Holbrook Timothy R.
Published: July 2020

What I am going to talk about today is sort of an aggregation of a lot of things I have already published, or am thinking about, that relates to how 3D printing challenges our patent system and how the patent system could respond doctrinally now and, in other ways, that we could theorize we could do. We should be frightened about some of those steps, however. I will then discuss some of the consequences that flow from these arguments. And so, I will skip through some of the earlier slides as to 3D printing. I think people know what that is. And there are obviously interesting things that can be printed. Speaking of fashion, I like this slide because, on one season of Project Runway, the designer using 3D printing was actually an N.C. State alum and an N.C. State professor, my alma mater. So I had a particularly strong affinity for that one. Of course, there are other challenging things like printing a human ear, and of course, the 3D printing of guns, and what that does for the regulation of guns.
Are freely chosen actions generated by stimulus codes or effect codes?
Authors: Janczyk Markus , Naefgen Christoph , Kunde Wilfried
Published: July 2020

A long-standing debate revolves around which mental codes allow humans to control behavior. The internal stimulus model (going back to Rudolf Hermann Lotze) proposes that behavior is controlled by codes of stimuli that had previously preceded corresponding motor activities. The internal effect model (going back to Emil Harleß) proposes that behavior is controlled by codes of perceptual effects that had previously resulted from corresponding motor activities. Here, we present a test of these two control models. We observed evidence for both models with stronger evidence for the internal stimulus model. We suggest that the proposed experimental setup might be a useful tool to study the relative strengths of stimulus control and effect control of behavior in various contexts.
Retractable roofs in engineering
education
Authors: Pawlak-Jakubowska Anita , Romaniak Krystyna
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a proposal for updating and expanding the teaching of
technical university students concerning the subject of roofs. Through the
analysis of Polish textbooks and teaching studies, a lack of information on
retractable roofs was identified. As a consequence, a lecture was prepared to
fill this gap and presented to students of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and
to teaching staff of the Silesian University of Technology. The main components
of the lecture are presented in this article. Furthermore, a discussion was
undertaken to analyse the possibilities of incorporating new content (in the form
of supplementary material) into the currently run courses as well as into optional
classes such as student workshops and optional facultative courses.
Explosive Valencia – futuristic imagination and the power of tradition in creating the image of urban spaces. Competition and conflict, or coexistence and praise of diversity?
Authors: Kaczmarska Elżbieta
Published: July 2020

Selected districts of Valencia and the gradual transformation of their image are
presented in this article. The formulation of an appropriate strategy of action
and the effect of an example that were initiated by the construction of the City
of Arts and Sciences have broken through the stagnation in thinking about
space. Revitalisation efforts have been initiated in many of the city’s districts,
as well as in its suburban zone. The great explosion of ideas and emotions also
carried over to enhancing the historical traditions of the city and the holistic,
multi-directional approach to the subject matter of renewal, providing the city
with economic stimulation. The author’s own analyses presented in the article
pertain to: Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias (City of Arts and Sciences), the new
development of the Poblats Maritims coastal district, the Ciutat Fallera district
and the Orba district of the town of Alfafar, located in Valencia’s metropolitan
area. Various proposals for transforming the spatial structure of these districts
point to the possibility of conducting an experimental hybrid policy intended to
reconcile economic rescaling, entrepreneurship and cultural regionalism in the
planned landscape.
Assessment of spatial changes in green areas in the spa town of Sopot since the 19th century
Authors: Meller Magdalena
Published: July 2020

This paper presents changes observed in the green areas in the city of Sopot.
Analyses of Sopot archival materials, both cartographic and graphic, provided
grounds for an assessment of changes and transformations in that respect
starting from the 19th century. These analyses covered all the spa town protection
zones A, B and C. This study also focuses on the aspect related with the primary
function served by the spa town within the city. The city was also investigated in
terms of the considerable cultural value frequently associated with green areas,
since Sopot is an architectural gem of historical value. The analysis empasised
the positive effect of green areas on the health resort character of the city. Green
areas in the spa town of Sopot were analysed applying the comparative method.
For this purpose maps and city maps were investigated. Additionally, the study
is also based on archival graphic materials collected from the dawnysopot.pl
website, as well as recent field studies (Świeczkowska, 2017).
Changes in the stage of fibrosis and steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs who achieved sustained virological response
Authors: Radmanić Leona , Vince Adriana , Židovec Lepej Snježana , Dušek Davorka , Kurelac Ivan , Papić Neven
Published: July 2020

Hepatitis C vodeći je uzrok kronične bolesti jetre, hepatocelularnog karcinoma i važna indikacija za transplantaciju jetre. Glavni cilj liječenja je postizanje trajnog virološkog odgovora koji označava negativnu viremiju 12 tjedana nakon završetka liječenja (SVR, od engl. sustained virological response). Uvođenjem antivirusnih lijekova s izravnim djelovanjem, povećala se stopa SVR-a, skratilo vrijeme trajanja terapije i utjecalo se na stadij fibroze i steatoze jetre nakon liječenja. Cilj ovog rada bio je analizirati promjenu stadija fibroze (F1-F4) i steatoze (S0-S3) primjenom tranzijentne elastografije u prethodno neliječenih bolesnika s kroničnim hepatitisom C (n=205) koji su postigli trajni virološki odgovor, a bili liječeni isključivo direktno djelujućim antivirusnim lijekovima (DAA).
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Authors: Santini Marija , Vučemilo Mirna , Jovanović Ivan , Petelin Gadže Željka , Štanfel Marija , Vukić Barbara , Vujica Mateja , Vujević Andro
Published: July 2020

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is an autoimmune, multisystem disease and important cause of uveitis. In this case report we address the significance of reliable diagnostics
and including autoimmune diseases in differential diagnosis of uveitis and meningitis syndrome.
Paraona wallaceana sp. nov., a lichen moth endemic to Flores Island, Indonesia (Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Authors: Spitsyn Vitaly M. , Bolotov Ivan N.
Published: July 2020

In this article Paraona wallaceana sp. nov., a new lichen moth (Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) was described from Flores Island, Indonesia.
La Comunicación como Mediación Ética del mundo ante la descentralización de la persona en la acción comunicativa
Authors: Hidalgo Toledo Jorge Alberto , Forzán Gómez José Antonio
Published: July 2020

La comunicación, no es un mero accidente que ocurre entre los hombres; por ello, hoy día, se distingue de informar y difundir. Comunicar, por el contrario, es dotar de significado las cosas del mundo; lo que significa, dotar de sentido a la existencia misma. El objeto del presente, una aproximación ética de la acción comunicativa considerando aquellos aspectos que dejan de manifiesto la descentralización de la persona en la acción comunicativa para registrar la propia existencia y sus condiciones éticas para hablar nuevamente de significación y sentido en la acción humana; para entender nuevamente la comunicación comola mediación ética del mundo. Así se hace una revisión de los medios como servicio a la persona, la naturaleza ética de los medios; ofreciendo dos propuestas de ética aplicada: la semioética y la infoética.
Representación social y formas de aproximación didácticas y éticas al cine por maestros: una exploración con palabras, creencias, estrategias e imágenes
Authors: Ramírez Beltrán Rafael Tonatiuh
Published: July 2020

El presente reporte de investigación es un estudio exploratorio con metodología cualitativa, en el que los sujetos de estudio fueron maestros de educación superior. Tiene como objetivo encontrar datos significativos para la elaboración de una estrategia que posibilite trabajar principios y valores en el salón de clase desde una propuesta innovadora de ver el cine.

La investigación se realizó en abril del 2008, en el marco de la elaboración de un Manual de cine y educación. Trabaja sobre las opiniones y creencias de los informantes en partes conceptuales, de conocimientos y saberes de los profesores sobre la ética, la educación, el cine y las estrategias didácticas.
El ecosistema virtual de los niños
Authors: Arribas Urrutia Amaia
Published: July 2020

La revolución que ha supuesto la aparición de las diferentes pantallas ha convertido tanto a niños como jóvenes en protagonistas del cambio que estamos viviendo. Ambos públicos son capaces de comunicarse, estudiar y entretenerse a través de una pantalla, bien sea la televisión, la computadora, el celular, los videojuegos o Internet. Sus formas de comunicación y entretenimiento han cambiado al igual que su concepto de aprendizaje. Ante ello, hay que reconocer la importante oportunidad que representa para los niños, desde la enseñanza, pasando por las relaciones sociales y el entretenimiento. Los mundos virtuales y las redes sociales para niños se han convertido en el modus operandi de sus comunicaciones: los niños no sólo conocen a nuevos niños y profundizan en sus relaciones con estos niños que acaban de conocer en Internet, sino que también prolongan sus relaciones con niños que yaconocen en la vida “normal”.
Las representaciones sociales del alcoholismo: una perspectiva de género
Authors: Galicia González Eugenia , García Durán Marco Polo , Monroy Ramírez Juan José , Navarro Becerril Julio César
Published: July 2020

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TRIPLE PROBABILITY DENSITY DISTRIBUTION MODEL IN THE TASK OF AVIATION RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Ostroumov Ivan , Marais Karen , Kuzmenko Nataliia , Fala Nicoletta
Published: July 2020

The probability of an airplane deviation from pre-planned trajectory is a core of aviation safety analysis. We propose to use a mixture of
three probability density distribution functions it the task of aviation risk assessment. Proposed model takes into account the effect of navigation
system error, flight technical error, and occurrence of rare events. Univariate Generalized Error Distribution is used as a basic component of
distribution functions, that configures the error distribution model from the normal error distribution to double exponential distribution function.
Statistical fitting of training sample by proposed Triple Univariate Generalized Error Distribution (TUGED) is supported by Maximum Likelihood Method.
Optimal set of parameters is estimated by sequential approximation method with defined level of accuracy. The developed density model has been used
in risk assessment of airplane lateral deviation from runway centreline during take-off and landing phases of flight. The efficiency of the developed
model is approved by Chi-square, Akaike’s, and Bayes information criteria. The results of TUGED fitting indicate better performance in comparison with
double probability density distribution model. The risk of airplane veering off the runway is considered as the probability of a rare event occurrence
and is estimated as an area under the TUGED.
Twin Jets and Close Binary Formation
Authors: Saiki Yu , Machida Masahiro N.
Published: July 2020

The formation of a close binary system is investigated using a three-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation. Starting from a prestellar cloud, the cloud evolution is calculated until ∼400 yr after protostar formation. Fragmentation occurs in the gravitationally collapsing cloud, and two fragments evolve into protostars. The protostars orbit each other and a protobinary system appears. A wide-angle low-velocity outflow emerges from the circumbinary streams that enclose two protostars, while each protostar episodically drives high-velocity jets. Thus, the two high-velocity jets are surrounded by the low-velocity circumbinary outflow. The speed of the jets exceeds ≳100

. Although the jets have a collimated structure, they are swung back on the small scale and are tangled at the large scale due to the binary orbital motion. A circumstellar disk also appears around each protostar. In the early main accretion phase, the binary orbit is complicated, while the binary separation is within <30 au. For the first time, all the characteristics of protobinary systems recently observed with large telescopes are reproduced in a numerical simulation.
Trialing net illumination as a bycatch mitigation measure for sea turtles in a small-scale gillnet fishery in Ecuador
Authors: Darquea Jodie J. , Ortiz-Alvarez Clara , Córdova-Zavaleta Francisco , Medina Robert , Bielli Alessandra , Alfaro-Shigueto Joanna , Mangel Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2020

In Ecuador, one of the main hazards for threatened marine species, such as sea turtles, is small-scale fisheries bycatch. At a global scale, currently, bycatch reduction technologies (BRTs) are being tested in many coastal nations to mitigate this issue. Despite some advances in Ecuadorian efforts for wildlife protection, BRTs to reduce bycatch have yet to be assessed. The purpose of this study was to test the BRT of net illumination using violet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a mitigation measure to reduce sea turtle interactions in the small-scale driftnet fishery operating from the ports of Santa Rosa, Puerto Lopez and Jaramijo. A total of 146 pairs of experimental sets (control and illuminated panes) were deployed in all ports. A generalized linear mixed-effect model (GLMM) was employed to analyze the bycatch per unit of effort (BPUE) for sea turtles, and the catch per unit of effort (CPUE) for target species; for both control and illuminated panes. Thirty-two sea turtles from three species were observed captured: olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea (n=18), green Chelonia mydas (n=13) and leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea (n=1). Turtle species-specific modeling showed bycatch of green turtles declined by 93% in illuminated nets compared with control, non-illuminated nets, whereas no significant difference between control and illuminated nets was observed for olive ridley turtles. The catch per unit effort of the target pelagic fish species including skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, mahi-mahi, thresher shark and smooth hammerhead shark was not affected by net illumination. Our results represent the first evaluation of the effects of net illumination using LEDs on reducing marine turtle bycatch in Ecuadorian small-scale driftnet fisheries. Despite its relatively small sample size, these results could be used by fisheries managers to support the implementation or further testing of this BRT in gillnet fisheries along the Ecuadorian coast.
Spatial and temporal sex ratio bias and Wolbachia-infection in New Zealand Crambidae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)
Authors: Wöger Renate , Wöger Roland , Nuss Matthias
Published: July 2020

The New Zealand fauna of snout moths (Pyraloidea) predominantly consists of endemic species. During 2017 and 2018, 56 species of Pyraloidea in 1,749 individuals were collected at 14 localities. All species were screened forWolbachia-infection, with specimens of eight species (14%) being positive, of which six species belong to Scopariinae. This is the first record ofWolbachia-infection amongst New Zealand Lepidoptera. The most common pyraloid species,Eudonia submarginalisandOrocrambus flexuosellus, were analysed for a larger set of individuals looking for sex ratio andWolbachia-infection. There is a sex ratio bias towards females in both species, but it varies in space and time.Wolbachiais found in all populations ofE. submarginaliswith 10–80% of the tested individuals being positive, depending on locality. NoWolbachia-infection has been found inO. flexuosellus. Thus, sex ratio bias might be linked toWolbachia-infection inE. submarginalis, but not inO. flexuosellus.
The epigenetic regulation of centromeres and telomeres in plants and animals
Authors: Achrem Magdalena , Szućko Izabela , Kalinka Anna
Published: July 2020

The centromere is a chromosomal region where the kinetochore is formed, which is the attachment point of spindle fibers. Thus, it is responsible for the correct chromosome segregation during cell division. Telomeres protect chromosome ends against enzymatic degradation and fusions, and localize chromosomes in the cell nucleus. For this reason, centromeres and telomeres are parts of each linear chromosome that are necessary for their proper functioning. More and more research results show that the identity and functions of these chromosomal regions are epigenetically determined. Telomeres and centromeres are both usually described as highly condensed heterochromatin regions. However, the epigenetic nature of centromeres and telomeres is unique, as epigenetic modifications characteristic of both eu- and heterochromatin have been found in these areas. This specificity allows for the proper functioning of both regions, thereby affecting chromosome homeostasis. This review focuses on demonstrating the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the functioning of centromeres and telomeres in plants and animals.
“Vous verrez, vous allez arriver à gérer ça…”
Authors: Petry Iris , Vaquié-Quazza Dominique
Published: July 2020

Dans cet article, je décris mon travail en tant qu’analyste transactionnelle dans le domaine de la supervision d’équipes de professionnels du champ sanitaire et social. Je le fais à partir de trois exemples : l’un concernant un cas de harcèlement, l’autre relatant un cas d’agression sexuelle, et enfin le dernier concernant un problème de blessures corporelles, toutes ces agressions ayant été commises par des personnes faisant partie du public pris en charge par ces professionnels. A travers ces vignettes cliniques, je présente ma méthode de travail et la façon dont j’utilise les concepts de Transfert/Contre-transfert, de Redéfinitions, de Méconnaissances, de Permission/Puissance/Protection. J’estime qu’il est de mon devoir d’attirer l’attention des équipes et des organisations sur les mesures de protection des salariés et de traitement des traumatismes liés à ces situations. Ce qui m’apparaît particulièrement être le nœud du conflit dans ce secteur d’activité, c’est le fait que les compétences relationnelles des salariés sont en même temps considérées comme des compétences professionnelles.
Orinjasjenske koščene konice iz Potočke zijalke
Authors: Turk Matija , Turk Ivan
Published: July 2020

Zbirka 134 orinjasjenskih koščenih konic z masivno bazo iz Potočke zijalke je po 90 letih od odkritja še vedno največja takšna zbirka v Evropi. Konice, ki so bile večkrat predmet različnih raziskav, so bile najdene v dveh plasteh na dveh lokacijah z različnim bivalnim in sedimentacijskim mikrookoljem. Glede na vzdolžni presek konic sta z velikim številom primerkov v obeh plasteh in na obeh lokacijah zastopana dva različna tipa konic: ploščat in vretenast, ki se razlikujeta tudi po tehničnih lastnostih. S po enim primerkom je zastopanih nekaj monotipov, med katerimi je tudi t. i. tip mladečke konice. Sto sedemnajst konic obeh glavnih tipov je tokrat prvič sistematično analiziranih z uporabo standardnih parametričnih in neparametričnih statističnih postopkov na podlagi kombinacij 20 znakov: 9 metričnih in 11 opisnih. Glede na izsledke analiz je predlagana vrsta novosti o domnevnih razvojno-tehničnih izboljšavah konic, načinu nasaditve, popravilu poškodb, izdelavi nastavkov za večje konice in pomenu zarez na robovih nekaterih konic. Avtorja ugotavljata, da gre pri tipu vretenastih konic Potočke zijalke za tehnično izpopolnjeno obliko konice z masivno bazo, ki si upravičeno zasluži naziv konica Potočka zijalka ali olševska konica.
Nove najdbe fibul vrste Jezerine iz Poljske
Authors: Woźniak Marcin
Published: July 2020

Med arheološkimi izkopavanji na najdišču Kleszewo, enem izmed grobišč przeworske kulture na območju vzhodne Mazovije na vzhodu Poljske, so bile v dveh grobovih iz konca poznega predrimskega obdobja odkrite tri fibule vrste Jezerine. Vse tri so atipične oblike s trikotnim lokom in v enem primeru z rebrom na spodnjem delu loka. Primerjave jim lahko iščemo v severovzhodni Italiji in južni Panoniji (današnji Slovenija in Hrvaška). Najdbe tovrstnih fibul na območjih severno od Karpatov lahko povezujemo s stiki na dolge razdalje, domnevno v zvezi s trgovino z jantarjem.
Nova spoznanja o poselitvi Dolenjske v starejši železni dobi
Authors: Dular Janez
Published: July 2020

Članek obravnava poselitev jugovzhodne Slovenije v starejši železni dobi. Ker je bila problematika že predstavljena v samostojni publikaciji, smo v pričujoči razpravi na kratko povzeli znane ugotovitve in jih soočili z novimi podatki. Na ta način je bilo mogoče preveriti uporabnost metod in napovednih modelov, uporabljenih pred poldrugim desetletjem. The available evidence on the settlement of south-eastern Slovenia in the Early Iron Age was comprehensively discussed in a book published more than a decade ago. This contribution re-examines the topic in light of new discoveries and also with the aim of assessing the reliability of the methods and predictive modelling used in the past.
Additive Manufacturing of Multi-Material and Composite Parts
Authors: Senthilkumar V. , C. Velmurugan , Balasubramanian K. R. , Kumaran M.
Published: July 2020

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology can be employed to produce multimaterial parts. In this approach, multiple types of materials are used for the fabrication of a single part. Custom-built functionally graded, heterogeneous, or porous structures and composite materials can be fabricated thorough this process. In this method, metals, plastics, and ceramics have been used with suitable AM methods to obtain multi-material products depending on functional requirements. The process of making composite materials by AM can either be performed during the material deposition process or by a hybrid process in which the combination of different materials can be performed before or after AM as a previous or subsequent stage of production of a component. Composite processes can be employed to produce functionally graded materials (FGM).
The Role of Autoimmunity-Related Gene CLEC16A in the B Cell Receptor–Mediated HLA Class II Pathway
Authors: Rijvers Liza , Melief Marie-José , van Langelaar Jamie , van der Vuurst de Vries Roos M. , Wierenga-Wolf Annet F. , Koetzier Steven C. , Priatel John J. , Jorritsma Tineke , van Ham S. Marieke , Hintzen Rogier Q. , van Luijn Marvin M.
Published: July 2020

C-type lectin CLEC16A is located next to CIITA, the master transcription factor of HLA class II (HLA-II), at a susceptibility locus for several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We previously found that CLEC16A promotes the biogenesis of HLA-II peptide-loading compartments (MIICs) in myeloid cells. Given the emerging role of B cells as APCs in these diseases, in this study, we addressed whether and how CLEC16A is involved in the BCR-dependent HLA-II pathway. CLEC16A was coexpressed with surface class II–associated invariant chain peptides (CLIP) in human EBV-positive and not EBV-negative B cell lines. Stable knockdown of CLEC16A in EBV-positive Raji B cells resulted in an upregulation of surface HLA-DR and CD74 (invariant chain), whereas CLIP was slightly but significantly reduced. In addition, IgM-mediated Salmonella uptake was decreased, and MIICs were less clustered in CLEC16A-silenced Raji cells, implying that CLEC16A controls both HLA-DR/CD74 and BCR/Ag processing in MIICs. In primary B cells, CLEC16A was only induced under CLIP-stimulating conditions in vitro and was predominantly expressed in CLIPhigh naive populations. Finally, CLIP-loaded HLA-DR molecules were abnormally enriched, and coregulation with CLEC16A was abolished in blood B cells of patients who rapidly develop MS. These findings demonstrate that CLEC16A participates in the BCR-dependent HLA-II pathway in human B cells and that this regulation is impaired during MS disease onset. The abundance of CLIP already on naive B cells of MS patients may point to a chronically induced stage and a new mechanism underlying B cell–mediated autoimmune diseases such as MS.
Upright head roll test: A new contribution for the diagnosis of lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Malara Pasquale , Castellucci Andrea , Martellucci Salvatore
Published: July 2020

Diagnosing the affected side in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) involving the Lateral Semicircular Canal (LSC) is often challenging and uncomfortable in patients with recent onset of vertigo and intense autonomic symptoms. The Minimum Stimulus Strategy (MSS) aims to diagnose side and canal involved by BPPV causing as little discomfort as possible to the patient. The strategy applied for LSC-BPPV includes the evaluation of pseudo-spontaneous nystagmus and oculomotor responses to the Head Pitch Test (HPT) in upright position, to the seated-supine test and to the Head Yaw Test (HYT) while supine. Matching data obtained by these tests enables clinicians to diagnose the affected side in LSC-BPPV. The purpose of this preliminary study is to propose a new diagnostic test for LSC-BPPV complimentary to the HPT, the Upright Head Roll Test (UHRT), to easily determine the affected ear and the involved arm in the sitting position and to evaluate its efficiency. Our results suggest that the UHRT can increase the sensitivity of the MSS without resorting to the HYT, thus reducing patient’s discomfort.
The Practice of Complementary Feeding among Stunted Children under the Age of Two
Authors: Soesanti Inne , Saptandari Pinky , Adiningsih Sri , Qomaruddin M. Bagus
Published: July 2020

Stunting is caused by chronic malnutrition and recurrent infectious diseases. Stunting in Pasongsongan Village affects less than 20% of the children under two, leading to problems in growth in early childhood. Ocean fish is the main animal products in this village on the coast, but it turned out that it is not served to the children, even if they should have begun to be introduced to animal products by the age of 9 months. The purpose of this study was to observe the practices of complementary feeding among stunted children under the age of two in Pasongsongan Village. This research was carried out by qualitative method. The informants were twelve mothers of children under the age of two. Data was collected from interviews, observations and documentation. The stunted children only consumed rice porridge until the age of one, which means that the food intake contains mostly carbohydrates. The mothers who have stunted children have argued that the children’s intestines is not strong enough to digest food with coarser texture like eggs, fish, beef and chicken. Sea fish are given when the children can walk because there has long been a belief that fish contain worms. No feeding fishes and other animal products that are good source of protein can affect their growth in a nega- tive way. The feeding practice of stunted children under the age of two in Pasongsongan Village was strongly influenced by culture. The mindsets of mothers of the stunted children regarding feeding practices must be changed.
Gene Expression Tryptophan Aspartate Coat Protein in Determining Latent Tuberculosis Infection Using Immunocytochemistry and Real Time Polimerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Setiabudi Rebekah J. , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Amin Muhammad , Artama Wayan Tunas
Published: July 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Problem of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) is increasing in number especially in countries with high TB incidence rate, such as Indonesia. Although not every LTBI will become active TB, if untreated and not handled appropriately it can still be a source of transmission and may increase the rate of resistance to the first-line TB drugs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a cause of tuberculosis disease is an intracellular pathogens that survives within the phagosome of host macrophages. Several host factors are involved in this process, including the Tryptophan Aspartate-containing Coat Protein (TACO). TACO is a protein recruited and retained by viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the surface of the phagosome membrane to maintain its survival in phagosome, because the presence of TACO plays an important role in inhibiting the fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes. Objective: the aim of this studyis to assess the difference of gene expression TACO protein in Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) and healthy people. Method: A preliminary studyof mRNA examination of TACO protein using Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Real Time-Polimerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method by a PCR Light Cycler 2.0 machine (Roche) in LTBI and healthy groups. Results: 18 samples of peripheral blood monocyte cells (PBMCs) were collected and divided into 2 groups. We found that there was a significantly difference between the 2 groups of samples. Conclusion: Further research is required to consider that the measurement of TACO expression using RT-PCRcan used as one of the other method to determine LTBI.
Leprosy Transmission in Endemic and Non-Endemic Areas Based on the Profile of Antibody Response of PGL-1 and PCR Detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA from Nasal Swab among Healthy Children of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Adriaty Dinar , Rosita SP Cita , Iswahyudi  , Wahyuni Ratna , Agusni Indropo , Izumi Shinzo
Published: July 2020

Background: East Java has become one of the provinces that have higher prevalence of leprosy, especially in the coastal region. Environment has also influenced for leprosy transmission and early detection could reduce the incidence rate of new leprosy cases. Epidemiological studies of leprosy in children can give an illustration of the important aspects of the environment. Presence of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) DNA in nasal swabs and seropositivity level among them can describe M. leprae exposure in that area. Objective: Analyzing PCR from nasal swab and seropositivity level among elementary school children between northern coast and southern coast of East Java province. Methods: Five hundred and thirty children in Pacitan and Lamongan were involved. Both areas are representation of northern and southern coastal region in East Java Province. After clinical examination, nasal swab and blood samples were obtained. ELISA test was performed to measure the titer of IgM anti Phenolic Glicolipid-1 (PGL-1) antibody then continued by PCR to detect M. leprae DNA. Results: From 301 students in Pacitan, 25 students (8.3%) are sero-positives and 9 students (2.9%) are PCR positives. from 229 students in Lamongan, 110 (48.3%) students are sero-positives and 49 students (21.4%) are PCR positives. Both are analyzed by Chi-Square, and from the PCR and ELISA, it concluded that there are statistically significant differences between the two regions. Conclusion: From study above shows that in the northern coast of East Java, incidence of subclinical leprosy is still high, it means that in this area still has a high risk of new cases of leprosy in the future and early detection tools need to performed as a preventative measure.
Study of Possibility Physical Interactions Antimalarial Combination Drugs
Authors: Simorangkir Timbul Partogi H.
Published: July 2020

Identification of solid state to investigate the possibility of physical interaction between Antimalarial Artemisinin Combination Treatment base Artesunate (AS) and Amodiaquine (AQ) by hot contact method Kofler, cold contact method (crystallization reaction) and binary phase diagram confirmation had been carried out. The results of hot contact method Kofler shown the formation a new crystalline habit as a long and thin needle on the contact zone (mixing zone) between AS and AQ. A different melting point was seen in its single component. Cold contact methods between two of supersaturated solution of component AS and AQ in methanol solvent also indicated the growth of crystal habit as similar as hot contact method Kofler. Confirmation by biner phase diagram shown the specific diagram for cocrystalline phase. Solid state interaction between AS and AQ was analysed by powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR (Fourier Transformed Infra Red) spectrophotometric, microscopic SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopic) and thermal DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis), TG-DSC (Thermal Gravimetry- Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Microscopic analysis by SEM showed significantly the change of habit and morphology of crystal to long and thin needle shaped. The difference of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) interferences peaks were observed in addition to PXRD interference peaks of each component and its physical mixtures that proved formation of cocrystalline phase. DSC Thermogram indicated a new endothermic peak corresponding to melting point of a new cocrystalline phase at temperature 160,4 °C.
Objective Structured Clinical Examination Tests: Comparison with Traditional Clinical Examinations in Surgery
Authors: Ojuka Daniel , Elly Nyaim , Dan Kiptoon , Peter Ndaguatha
Published: July 2020

Background: Examination methods change over time, and audits are useful for quality assurance and improvement. Objective: Comparison of traditional clinical test and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in a department of surgery.

Methods: Examination records of results of the fifth year MBChB examinations for 2012–2013 (traditional) and 2014–2015 (OSCE) were analyzed. Using 50% as the pre-agreed pass mark, the pass rate for the clinical examinations in each year was calculated and these figures were subjected to t-test to determine any significant differences in each year and in type of clinical test. P value of <0.05 determined significant statistical differences in the test score.

Results: We analyzed 1178 results; most (55.6%) did OSCE. The average clinical scores examinations were 59.7% for traditional vs 60.1% for OSCE examination; basic surgical skills were positively skewed.

Conclusion: OSCE in the same setting of teaching and examiners may give more marks than the traditional clinical examination, but it is better at detecting areas of inadequacies for emphasis in teaching.

Keywords: Clinical examination, Traditional, OSCE, Comparison
Technique of Midline Abdominal Incision Closure Among Surgical Trainees
Authors: Muturi Alex , Vihar Kotecha , Ann Pulei , Philip Maseghe
Published: July 2020

Background: Technique of anterior abdominal wall closure (AAWC) determines wound-related surgical complications. Residents in obstetrics and gynecology and surgery departments perform most midline abdominal wall closure; data is lacking on how it is being done. This study identifies abdominal wall closure techniques used.

Methods: A descriptive study was carried out from October 2015 to May 2016.

Results: 71 (35 surgical, 36 ObGyn) residents completed a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge of midline abdominal closure was acquired from medical officers (58.6%) or consultants before residency (28.6%). Absorbable suture was preferred for clean wounds by 75% of residents; 70% used size 1 suture for fascial closure. Most residents (95.7%) closed fascia in clean wound by continuous suturing. Interrupted suturing was preferred in contaminated and dirty wounds. Half of the residents in both groups would close skin in contaminated wounds, while 16% of surgery and 9.4% ObGyn will close skin in dirty wounds.

Conclusion: Inconsistencies exist in anterior abdominal wall closure between groups of residents despite presence of clear guidelines. It is important to harmonize training on AAWC at the tertiary hospital.

Keywords: Abdominal closure, Midline incision, Wound complications