bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Środki europejskie w budżetach gmin miejskich województwa świętokrzyskiego
Authors: Pietrowski Wojciech
Published: December 2023

Celem artykułu jest ocena udziału środków europejskich w dochodach gmin miejskich województwa świętokrzyskiego. Okres badawczy obejmuje lata 2018–2022. Pracę przygotowano, opierając się na przeglądzie literatury, analizie materiału źródłowego zawartego w sprawozdaniach z wykonania budżetów miast oraz danych dostępnych na stronie Banku Danych Lokalnych (BDL). Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła na określenie odsetka funduszy unijnych w dochodach miast ogółem oraz działań finansowanych z budżetu tych środków. Na podstawie wyników badań można stwierdzić, że w ogólnej wartości dochodów fundusze europejskie nie zajmują znaczącego miejsca, a ich udział w dochodach poszczególnych miast jest zróżnicowany. Przeznaczenie tych środków również jest zróżnicowane i w całościowym ujęciu niemożliwe jest podanie konkretnego zakresu inwestycji realizowanych przez analizowane jednostki ze wsparciem Unii Europejskiej, ponieważ władze badanych miast wybierają projekty zgodnie ze swoimi preferencjami. Można natomiast wskazać, że w ramach współfinansowania przez UE przeważają działania dotyczące infrastruktury, a większy ośrodek miejski zdobywa więcej środków unijnych. Przeliczając wartość tych środków na 1 mieszkańca, największy wskaźnik w przypadku analizowanych jednostek odnotowano dla miasta Starachowice – trzeciego co do wielkości liczby ludności miasta w regionie.
El placer por la virtud: la acrasia en la Ética a Nicómaco
Authors: Cueto Fernanda
Published: December 2023

Acrasia es la palabra que se utilizaba en la Antigua Grecia para referirse al fenómeno que se produce cuando una persona no es capaz de actuar según lo que le dicta su razón moral. El presente artículo busca explicar este fenómeno desde una perspectiva aristotélica. La tesis que se propone es que, según Aristóteles, para llevar a cabo una acción virtuosa, no basta con conocer en qué consiste la virtud, sino que, además, se debe desear la virtud. La persona acrática es aquella que, a pesar de conocer en qué consiste la virtud, no siente placer por actuar virtuosamente, pues no ha cultivado el hábito de actuar siguiendo a su razón.
Una apreciación de la Ética de Spinoza en torno a la libertad como libertad humana
Authors: Limo Durand María Fernanda
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo busca mostrar la relevancia de la filosofía de Spinoza con respecto a la realización de la libertad. Su idea de libertad no rechaza las emociones, y las vincula con nuestra capacidad de ser seres racionales. Spinoza es de los primeros filósofos que aprecia una dimensión interna de las emociones y la considera como parte de nuestra propia naturaleza, pues afirma que la esencia humana es el deseo mismo. El ser humano es consciente de este deseo, el cual lo lleva a buscar modos de afirmar su propia existencia. Su noción de libertad, por ende, debe considerar todos estos elementos para poder plasmarse como algo realizable sin dejar de lado lo que nos hace humanos.
Azuzadores y desacuerdos morales
Authors: Suarez Pyro
Published: December 2023

En las protestas realizadas durante el 2022 y el 2023 en Perú, la prensa mayoritaria señaló la presencia de azuzadores jugando un rol causal significativo en la participación de los otros protestantes. Por otro lado, evidencia empírica sobre nuestras intuiciones acerca de desacuerdos morales (Khoo y Knobe 2018), parece señalar que la diferencia en el trasfondo cultural de los participantes en un desacuerdo moral influye en nuestra percepción sobre si ambas partes podrían estar defendiendo, en sus propios términos, algo simultáneamente correcto. En este artículo, defiendo la idea de que la propuesta de cierto tipo de azuzadores tenía como efecto comunicativo el impedir que pensemos en los participantes del conflicto como defendiendo posturas simultáneamente válidas.
O triunfo do urbano
Authors: Paquot Thierry , Ribeiro Peixoto Elane
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo situa as discussões de Françoise Choay sobre o mundo contemporâneo, no qual ela reconhece o triunfo do urbano em escala planetária. Os termos “non-ville” [não cidade] e “non-campagne” [não campo] são propostos pela autora para indicar o fim da cidade como conjunção entre civitas e urbs — isto é, uma comunidade reunida em um espaço definido e delimitado e que se distingue, por oposição, ao campo. São termos-chave para o entendimento de um fenômeno de dispersão do urbano decorrente da inovação dos meios de transporte e comunicação que constituem redes técnicas que conformam os espaços e os comportamentos. As posições de Choay são cotejadas com as de pensadores como Bernard Charbonneau, Henri Lefebvre, Maurice Bardet, Melvin Webber, Francesco Indovina, entre outros. A tradução do artigo, originalmente escrito em francês, deu atenção ao ritmo do texto, respeitando sua pontuação, e manteve os títulos citados e os neologismos no idioma original, indicando a tradução dos últimos entre colchetes. Notas foram incluídas para auxiliar os leitores brasileiros que, porventura, não estejam familiarizados com os autores mencionados.
COVID-19 Anxiety: Evidence of Hopelessness and Death Anxiety as Psychological Factors from a South Asian Nation
Authors: Bakul Fariea , Nahar Kamrun , Ahmed Shahin
Published: December 2023

People with a fear of catching the coronavirus experienced unusually high levels of concern, leading to panic, death anxiety, hopelessness, social withdrawal, and various psychological problems. The present study aimed to investigate whether young people in Bangladesh suffer from death anxiety and hopelessness and whether these psychological factors correlate with the enhancement of coronavirus anxiety. Additionally, to assess the extent to which death anxiety and a sense of hopelessness can explain individual differences in coronavirus anxiety. A total of 592 young adults took part in the online survey, in which measures of coronavirus anxiety, death anxiety, and hopelessness were used. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the fear of contracting COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety in individuals in terms of death anxiety and hopelessness. All three variables showed a significant positive correlation among them. The regression analysis identified psychological variables such as death anxiety and hopelessness as the most significant predictors of coronavirus anxiety in this study, accounting for 58.9% of the variability in coronavirus anxiety. Ultimately, this research is necessary to ensure that individuals, families, and communities are prepared to cope with the mental and physical health effects of a pandemic or a similar scenario in the future.
The Application of Slow Sand Filtration Technology for Improving Water Quality at Taman Gading Housing Area, Kaliwates District, Jember
Authors: Muflihah Yeni Maulidah , Utomo Denny Trias , Handayani Wuryanti , Sulistiyo Yudi Aris , Andarini Novita , Asnawati Asnawati , Indarti Dwi
Published: December 2023

Water is a basic need for all living organisms. Water quality implies living quality. Several parameters influencing water quality include minerals, dissolved organic substances, and turbidity. The water consumed must meet proven water quality standards. However, water quality still needs to be improved in several areas before consumption. The well water in residential areas placed on rice fields generally needs to meet the requirements for consumption. Many Taman Gading housing complex residents, especially in RW 036 RT 006, still use the well water to meet their daily needs. The well water quality in this area tends to be smelly and somewhat misty. Proper treatment is needed to improve the quality of well water in this area to reduce the negative impact on the population's health in the long term. This training focused on well water purification and filtration using slow sand filtration technology (SPL) to improve water quality. This method uses activated charcoal, sand, gauze, and pumice as filter media in specific proportions. The use of this method is effective and efficient in reducing the turbidity level of the sample water to the threshold for drinking water (<500 ppm), with a neutral pH (close to 7.00). This technology is effortless for residents to use and apply independently at a relatively low cost.
Zotero’s Training to Improve Citation Skills in the Preparation of Students' Final Project
Authors: Ananda Yosep Yuswanto Tri , Samsidar Samsidar , Nasrudin Abdul Rohman , Sinaga Samuel Partogi Hasudungan , Ilham  , Misdar Alamsyah
Published: December 2023

This activity was carried out focusing on managing references using the Zotero application. The target of this training is the final semester students of the Fishery Product Technology of Nunukan State Polytechnic who are preparing for the preparation of the final project. Initial observations showed that students experienced difficulties related to reference management. This training uses a participatory approach. The stages carried out are preparation, implementation, and closing. The preparation is used to design materials and teaching materials. The implementation stage was divided into two sessions. After being given a description of the material, the speaker and the participants practiced using the Zotero. Zotero’s practice starts from the installation process to creat a bibliography. The participants were instructed to follow directly every step exemplified by the speaker. Participants can directly ask if they have difficulty following the instructions. The implementation of the training was conducive and most participants were able to participate well. Participants were able to apply citation-making in scientific papers and were able to follow directions with enthusiasm. Based on the response questionnaire, 80% stated that the Zotero training was very helpful for students to manage the references used to prepare of the final project.
UPDATE OF THE ALIEN DISTRIBUTION OF THE JASMINE LACEBUG THROUGH A CITIZEN-SCIENCE APPROACH
Authors: MORI EMILIANO , VIVIANO ANDREA , CORRADETTI MARIDA , ANCILLOTTO LEONARDO , FALCO CLEMENTINA , MAZZA GIUSEPPE
Published: December 2023

Alien lacebugs have been recorded in most Mediterranean countries and, in Italy, in several western coastal regions. In this work, we collected new data on the jasmine lacebug Corythauma ayyari through a citizen-science approach. We reported for the first time its presence in three new Italian regions (Lombardy, Piedmont, and Marche), as well as in the hinterland areas of Israel, France, and Spain, up to over 220 km from the nearest coastal area. Through molecular analyses based on the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome oxidase I, we identified three new mitochondrial haplotypes in Italy, suggesting the possibility of recent introductions through plant trading. The increased distribution range towards the European hinterlands by C. ayyari needs to be monitored, as these introduced aliens are responsible for severe impacts on ornamental plants. Furthermore, improved controls in port areas should be recommended to prevent new invasions. We strongly recommend using multi-taxon, pan-continental platforms of citizen-science to collect data and keep the distribution of alien species updated. Key Words: Corythauma ayyari; Mediterranean basin; mitochondrial DNA; online citizen-science platforms; Tingidae.
Improvement of the Control Block Scheme for a Compact Universal Point Motor
Authors: Menaker Konstantin , Pultyakov Andrey , Vostrikov Maksim , Orlov Aleksandr
Published: December 2023

The article is dedicated to the research and improvement of the design of a compact universal point motor (EMSU) and the fundamental control block scheme of the electric motor. The universal voltage and rotor rotation frequency motor EMSU has been developed as a replacement for commonly used direct current and alternating current motors, such as MSP, DPS, MST, and MSA types. The universality of EMSU leads to its widespread implementation in the railway networks of the Russian Federation. The lack of publicly available information on the construction features of the electric motor and the fundamental control block scheme has led to the necessity of conducting an independent analysis of its design. In the process of work, the EMSU has been disassembled, followed by an analysis of its mechanical and electrical components. Assembly and analysis of statistical information on its various types of failures have been performed, and suggestions for improving the design of the electric motor have been developed.
Modeling and Experimental Research of Pneumatic Elements for Transportation Control Systems
Authors: Pankov Andrey , Nechaev Grigoriy , Miroshnikov Vadim , Zaharchuk Aleksandr , Budikov Leonid , Korobejnikov Dmitriy , Mihajlova Irina
Published: December 2023

The article demonstrates that specialized devices play a significant role in transportation control systems, and they are developed based on the application of pneumatic elements (pneumonics). By using fluidic and other flow-based pneumatic elements and devices, it becomes possible, in certain cases, to perform automatic control functions in the most rational manner. In certain operating conditions, this method of control is the only feasible option, for example, where electronic control systems cannot operate. The analysis of the prospects for the use of control devices based on pneumatics has led to the conclusion that it is advisable to use them in automatic control systems for certain types of transportation. This is particularly relevant for hydro- and pneumatic transport, devices for moving on an air cushion, and mechanisms with aerohydrodynamic operating fluid. Due to the specific requirements imposed on control systems, besides standard elements, non-standard elements, particularly power aerohydrodynamic pneumatic components, should be employed. It has been determined that one of the reasons for the limited use of pneumatic components in specialized transportation control systems is the challenges in developing more effective designs for power elements. The processes of flow interaction in pneumatic components are complex and not sufficiently studied. This poses a problem when selecting the optimal geometry of components to achieve improved characteristics. To achieve this, it is necessary to replace empirical methods with their elements of randomness with methods that have a more substantial justification. Currently, an effective solution to this problem is possible through the use of simulation modeling of aerohydrodynamic flows using specialized software tools. Based on simulation modeling within the ANSYS Fluent software environment, the operational processes and aerodynamic flows in pneumatic power elements have been analyzed. As a result of the modeling, elements have been developed for use in transportation control systems. The developed elements have optimized dimensional, energy-related characteristics, and operational modes. The application of pneumatic elements obtained through modeling allows for the improvement of the technical and economic characteristics of specialized transportation control systems.
Modeling of Local Traffic Flows under Conditions of Incomplete Initial Data
Authors: Mitrohin Maksim , Alyaev Aleksandr , Lobanov Ramil' , Kiryanov Vladislav
Published: December 2023

The main scientific result of the work is a model implemented in the form of a software package capable of automatically modeling traffic without human intervention, processing data coming from intelligent cameras installed at intersections. Within the framework of the study, the possibility of modeling traffic flows in conditions of incompleteness of the initial data has been confirmed, and specifically, the possibility of modeling flows at intersections, focusing solely on information about traffic in related areas. The study confirms that traffic modeling based on limited data in the future can become a tool of traffic management. The mean squared error of modeling under conditions of incomplete initial data is 3,66, the correlation coefficient between real and simulated data is 0,7, which corresponds to the average degree of coincidence of the results. It is appropriate to emphasize that, when modeling a particular intersection, the correlation coefficient has reached 0,996, which indicates a significant accuracy in modeling this intersection. In two experiments, the correlation coefficients are in the ranges of confidence intervals, which also indicates sufficient convergence of the simulation results. The results of the study are of practical importance with the prospect of determining the optimal parameters of traffic flow control on the model at local time intervals of approximately several tens of minutes. The development of the model is planned in the direction of its use to create adaptive algorithms for controlling traffic light objects at intersections. This step will improve the efficiency of transport infrastructure management to changing traffic conditions.
Effect of white guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice on the quality of lead acetate induced rats (Rattus norvegicus) spermatozoa
Authors: Alifia Annisa , Sri Mulyati  , Wurlina Wurlina  , Tatik Hernawati  , Budi Utomo  , Soeharsono Soeharsono  , Sri Agus Sudjarwo  , Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the administration of white guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit juice on spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity (PMI), morphological abnormality, viability, and motility of lead acetate induced rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups: NC (negative control) group, rats were administered with distilled water twice daily at four-hour intervals; T0 (positive control) group, rats were administered daily with lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw and distilled water four hours later; T1, T2, and T3 groups, rats were administered daily with lead acetate 50 mg/kg bw and 0.5 mL of 25, 50, and 100% white guava fruit juice four hours later. The treatment of the rats was conducted for 14 days, and on day 15, all rats were sacrificed to assess the spermatozoa quality. Data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that exposure to lead acetate (T0) caused lower spermatozoa PMI, viability, and motility as well as higher spermatozoa morphological abnormalities (p <0.05) compared to those of the T0 group. Administration of white guava fruit juice starting at a dose of 25% (T1) resulted in higher spermatozoa motility, viability, and PMI as well as lower spermatozoa morphological abnormalities (p <0.05) compared to rats in the T0 group. It could be concluded that white guava fruit juice maintained the spermatozoa quality of lead acetate induced rats.
Use of vitamin E and selenium injections as supportive treatment of retained placenta in dairy cattle
Authors: Rahim Nurul Insyirah , Hendrawan Viski Fitri , Tuska Habib Syaiful Arif , Agustina Galuh Chandra
Published: December 2023

The placenta is considered retained when it cannot separate from the uterus beyond the normal time limit. Physiologically, a cow's placenta comes out 3-8 hours postpartum. This study aims to determine the diagnosis and treatment of retained placenta in dairy cows using vitamin E and selenium as supportive treatment. On physical examination the patient had a body temperature of 39.9°C, was weak, unable to stand, and had decreased appetite. General examination in this case showed the following clinical symptoms: the placenta was still hanging from the vulva and there was an unpleasant odor from the vulva area. The retained placenta was removed manually, followed by flushing the uterus with 0.2% povidone iodine (in water). Antibiotic (Colibact bolus) were introduced into the uterus and penicillin-streptomycin was injected intramuscularly along with vitamin E and selenium as supportive treatment. The results showed that the cow recovered and returned to estrus 14 days after therapy. It could be concluded that injections of vitamin E and selenium helped restore the estrous cycle in cows with retained placenta.
Addition of dextrose and caffeine to the intravenous treatment of milk fever in Holstein Friesian cattle
Authors: Ady Kurnianto  , Novianto Meska Pratama
Published: December 2023

A farmer reported a cow unable to stand 48 hours postpartum. The cow was a 2.5 years old dairy cow with a body weight of around 350 kg. The cow was fed elephant grass, standard concentrate (16–18%) crude protein, and drinking water ad libitum without mineral supplementation during the dry season. The cow's position and posture when lying down, ear temperature, and eye pupils were included in the physical examination. Availability of food and drink was examined to predict appetite and thirst. The results of the history and physical examination showed that the cow was unable to stand 48 hours after calving, had no appetite and eye reflexes, had cold ears, and trembling hind legs. The cow was laid on its right side, with its head turned to flank. Based on the anamnesis and physical examination, the cow was diagnosed as suffering from stage 2 puerperal hypocalcemia. The cow was infused via the jugular vein with a solution containing 270 mg calcium borogluconate, 70 mg magnesium borogluconate, 300 mg dextrose, 5 mg phosphorus element, 2 mg potassium chloride, and 5 mg caffeine per 1 mL of solution. Forty-five minutes after the infusion, the cow was able to stand, although it still looked weak. It could be concluded that the addition of dextrose and caffeine to the standard treatment of milk fever was beneficial for recovery.
Scoping review: autonomous endoscopic navigation
Authors: Boini Aishwarya , Acciuffi Sara , Croner Roland , Illanes Alfredo , Milone Luca , Turner Bruce , Gumbs Andrew A.
Published: December 2023

This is a scoping review of artificial intelligence (AI) in flexible endoscopy (FE), encompassing both computer vision (CV) and autonomous actions (AA). While significant progress has been made in AI and FE, particularly in polyp detection and malignancy prediction, resulting in several available market products, these achievements only scratch the surface potential of AI in flexible endoscopy. Many doctors still do not fully grasp that contemporary robotic FE systems, which operate the endoscope through telemanipulation, represent the most basic autonomy level, specifically categorized as level 1. Although these console systems allow remote control, they lack the more sophisticated forms of autonomy. This manuscript aims to review the current examples of AI applications in FE and hopefully act as a stimulus for more advanced AA in FE.
Overcoming challenges in sustaining newborn screening in low-middle-income countries: the Philippine newborn screening system
Authors: Padilla Carmencita D. , Abadingo Michelle E. , Munda Katherine V. , Therrell Bradford L.
Published: December 2023

Newborn screening (NBS) was introduced in the Philippines in 1996, and the Newborn Screening Act of 2004 mandated its provision to all Filipino newborns. The program initially covered five conditions and has expanded to the current panel of 29 conditions. This report focuses on the steps taken for successful NBS implementation and the challenges that must be overcome to make NBS sustainable. While often considered a public health program, NBS is really a system of interacting parts that must be carefully considered and planned prior to embarking on their implementation. The basic challenges are the same in both high-income and low-middle-income countries (LMICs), but they are more difficult to overcome in LMICs. In addition to the technical aspects of screening, including supplies and maintenance, considerations must include human resources, professional and public education, and government support. Challenges may occur at any point in implementation and continuation, and it is important to learn from the experiences of others in order to make the process more efficient. Here, we report on the experiences in one LMIC, the Philippines, in creating and sustaining a NBS system so that others may gain from these experiences.
POSSIBILIDADE DE UMA TERCEIRA VIA DE SOLUÇÃO HETEROCOMPOSITIVA DE CONFLITOS QUE ENVOLVAM COMPLEXIDADE JURÍDICA E VULTOSO CONTEÚDO ECONÔMICO, SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA COMPETÊNCIA JURISDICIONAL ADEQUADA
Authors: Guedes Marilia Garcia , Guedes Jefferson Carús
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo trata da viabilidade jurídica para uma política pública de cooperação operacional e financeira entre o poder judiciário, entidades privadas e/ou pessoas físicas   e jurídicas para o exercício da jurisdição, observada a competência adequada, mediante a análise pelos interessados da expertise dos possíveis julgadores lançados em lista, conforme convenção processual derivada de negócio jurídico cujo objeto seja patrimonial, disponível, de alta complexidade jurídica, técnica ou financeira e nos quais não haja vulnerabilidades dos envolvidos. Para tanto, demonstrar-se-á o cenário jurisdicional atual ao qual estão submetidos os potenciais interessados em um serviço adjudicatório estatal assemelhado, em certos aspectos, à arbitragem. Diante da constatação da existência deste agente racional e de suas necessidades será possível traçar – entre as duas formas de heterocomposição atualmente disponíveis no arcabouço jurídico nacional (jurisdição estatal e arbitragem) – uma terceira via que ofereça alguns dos traços  atrativos de ambas. O procedimento metodológico utilizado será o dedutivo, partindo-se da análise macro analítica dos institutos inerentes à jurisdição e à arbitragem, aplicando- os na construção de uma forma de distribuição da competência e na maneira de prestação do serviço judicial adequados à necessidade do agente racional eleito para estudo, sem que haja ônus adicional financeiro ao Estado-Juiz ou prejuízos aos demais jurisdicionados, mediante mecanismos de gestão e de compensação.
VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA SOB A ÓTICA DO DIREITO PENAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Gaita Franciele Soares , Berezowski Maria Leonice da Silva
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar e discutir a proteção jurídica das mulheres grávidas e como o direito penal tem atuado frente àqueles que cometem esse tipo de agressão. A violência obstétrica é uma forma de violência que acontece desde os primórdios, mas somente nos últimos anos observa-se um grande debate. A pesquisa traz a conceituação da Violência Obstétrica, traçando um breve histórico bem como identificando os principais tipos de violência obstétrica cometidos por profissionais da saúde e hospitais. Além de compreender como tal violência viola os direitos das mulheres, relacionando com os posicionamentos normativos de Estados e Municípios. Por fim avaliar se há ou não proteção jurídica a mulher grávida no Brasil, utilizando-se de uma abordagem qualitativa para realizar a revisão bibliográfica e documental, tendo como base artigos científicos, monografias, e doutrinas jurídicas, além de matérias de sites e análises jurisprudenciais.
A rare case of complete-immunotherapy-responsive metastatic NSCLC with long lasting PFS: a case report and a literature review
Authors: De Intinis Claudia , Izzo Paolo , Codacci-Pisanelli Massimo , Izzo Luciano , Messineo Daniela , Sibio Simone , Champagnol Monica , Lai Silvia , Molle Marcello , Izzo Sara
Published: December 2023

Background and introduction: Lung cancer is a prevalent and deadly disease globally. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype, comprising 85% of cases; Case report: A 65-year-old ex-smoker man presented to our facility with nocturnal cough. Various investigations revealed that he had metastatic NSCLC, for which he underwent chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine, followed by immunotherapy with Nivolumab. He achieved a complete response to the therapy and has remained free from recurrence for over 7 years since the initial diagnosis; Discussion and Conclusion: The treatment of metastatic NSCLC remains a significant therapeutic challenge, but the implementation of new therapeutic techniques has expanded the possibilities of achieving complete and durable eradication of the disease.
Sequential Therapy with Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b and Anti-PD1 Antibody for Inhibiting Recurrence of Hepatitis B-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Animal Modeling to Phase I Clinical Results
Authors: Qin Albert , Wu Chang-Ru , Ho Ming-Chih , Tsai Chan-Yen , Chen Pei-Jer
Published: December 2023

In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), recurrence usually occurs after curative surgical resection. Currently, no approved adjuvant therapy has been shown to reduce recurrence rates. In this report, the in vivo mouse effect of sequential combination treatment with recombinant mouse interferon-alpha (rmIFN-α) and an anti-mouse-PD1 antibody on hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance was evaluated. A phase I clinical trial was then conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and inhibitory activity of sequential therapy with ropeginterferon alfa-2b and nivolumab in HCC recurrence in patients who have undergone curative surgery for HBV-related HCC. In animal modeling, HBV suppression was significantly greater with rmIFN-α and anti-PD1 sequential combination treatment than with their treatment alone. In the Phase I study, eleven patients completed the sequential therapy with ropeginterferon alfa-2b every two weeks at the dose of 450 µg for six doses, followed by three doses of nivolumab every two weeks up to 0.75 mg/kg. A notable decrease or clearance of HBV surface antigen was observed in two patients. Dose-limiting toxicity of grade 3 alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase increases was observed in one patient. The maximum tolerated dose was determined. Currently no HCC recurrence has been observed. The treatment modality was well tolerated. The data support further clinical development of sequential combination therapy as a post-surgery prophylactic measure against the recurrence of HBV-related HCC.
Bottlebrush Elastomers with Crystallizable Side Chains: Monolayer-Like Structure of Backbones Segregated in Intercrystalline Regions Title
Authors: Nikitina Evgeniia A. , Dashtimoghadam Erfan , Sheiko Sergei S. , Ivanov Dimitri A.
Published: December 2023

Bottlebrush (BB) elastomers with water-soluble side chains and tissue-mimetic mechanical properties are promising for biomedical applications like tissue implants and drug depots. This work investigates the microstructure and phase transitions of BB elastomers with crystallizable polyethylene oxide (PEO) side chains by real-time synchrotron X-ray scattering. In the melt, the elastomers exhibit the characteristic BB peak corresponding to the backbone-to-backbone correlation. Upon crystallization of the side chains, the intensity of the peak decays linearly with crystallinity, and eventually vanishes due to BB packing disordering within intercrystalline amorphous gaps. This behavior of the bottlebrush peak differs from an earlier study of BBs with poly(ε-caprolactone) side chains, explained by stronger backbone confinement in the case of PEO, a high-crystallinity polymer. Microstructural models based on 1D SAXS correlation function analysis suggest crystalline lamellae of PEO side chains separated by amorphous gaps of monolayer-like BB backbones.
Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation and Spread: Implications for the Pathology and Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Johnson Alin Bose , Modi Niharika , Kamath Krithik N. , Rajeshkumar Raman , Palanimuthu Vasanth Raj
Published: December 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson’s, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, involve neuron degeneration linked to the misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins, resulting in β-sheet-enriched aggregates. This phenomenon disrupts the normal folding of proteins critical for cellular function. Genetic mutations, proteolytic cleavage, oxidative stress, and aging contribute to misfolding. Parkinson's disease (PD) is closely tied to alpha-synuclein (αS) misfolding, with A53T mutation and Lewy bodies (LB) in PD brains pivotal to understanding the disease mechanism. Other synuclein homologues (βS, γS) further contribute to synucleinopathies. Mutants (A30P, A53T, E46K, H50Q, and G51D) underscore αS's role in PD development. This concise review focuses on molecular and pathological aspects of neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing αS in PD. The integration of genetic, structural, and mechanistic insights highlights the disorders. complexity, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies targeting protein misfolding and aggregation.
Effect of Calving Season and Related Climatic Factors on Productive Performance in Dairy Cows
Authors: Stojnov Martin , Penev Toncho , Dimov Dimo , Marinov Ivaylo
Published: December 2023

The aim of the research was to study the influence of the calving season in the conditions of the upcoming climate changes on the productive traits of dairy cows in Bulgaria. The study was conducted in a cattle farm with a capacity of 500 dairy cows, loose-housed in open free stall barn (shed type). In the research 286 lactations of 199 Holstein cows from the studied farm were included. The cows with the highest average milk yield for lactation calved in the spring - 8522.2 kg, and the cows with the lowest milk yield calved in the summer - 8082.7 kg. Cows calved in the spring had the highest maximum daily milk yield (lactation peak) - 38 kg, and the lowest in the summer - 35.7 kg. Regarding the composition indicators of milk, fat and protein content, no significant effect of the calving season was found, but a tendency for the lowest values for the percentage of fat in milk was reported for cows calved in the summer - 3.68%, and the most - high for those calved in the spring - 3.71%. Regarding the percentage of protein in the milk, the lowest values were for cows that calved in autumn - 3.19%, and the highest for cows that calved in summer - 3.27%.
The Archimedean Origin of Modern Positional Number Systems
Authors: Manca Vincenzo
Published: December 2023

A symbolic analysis of Archimedes’ periodical number system is developed, from which a natural link emerges with the modern positional number systems with zero. After the publication of Fibonacci’s Liber Abaci, the decimal Indo-Arabic positional system was the basis of the algorithmic and algebraic trend of modern mathematics, but even if zero plays a crucial role in algebra and mathematical analysis, zeroless positional systems show the same capability of producing efficient arithmetical algorithms based on operation tables over digits. The crucial role of digits is assessed, by considering a representation of numbers based on strings in lexicographic order. A new algorithm for the determination of decimal periods is presented,, by remarking the cruciality of this topic in number theory. Periods of ordinal numbers, and enumerations of recursive enumerability are shortly recalled. Concluding remarks are formulated about the deep relationship among numbers and information, which shed new light on a red line passing through the whole history of mathematics
Computational Screening and Experimental Validation of Inhibitor Targeting the Complex Formation of Grb14 and Insulin Receptor
Authors: Ochi Yosuke , Matsui Takanori , Inoue Keitaro , Monobe Kohei , Sakamoto Hiroshi , Aoki Shunsuke , Taira Junichi
Published: December 2023

The expedited development of drugs targeting gene products associated with insulin resistance holds the potential to enhance our comprehension of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The virtual screening based on a three-dimensional (3D) protein structure has been expected as potential technique to accelerate a development of molecular target drugs. Among the targets implicated in insulin resistance, genetic characterization and protein function of Grb14 have been clarified without contradiction. The Grb14 gene displays notable variations in T2DM, and its gene product known to inhibit the function of the insulin receptor (IR) by directly binding to the tyrosine kinase domain. In the present study, a virtual screening, based on 3D structure of IR tyrosine kinase domain (IRβ) in complex with part of Grb14, was conducted to find compounds that can disrupt the complex formation between Grb14 and IRβ. First, ten compounds were selected from 154,118 compounds via hierarchical in silico structure-based drug screening, composed of grid docking-based and genetic algorithm-based programs. The experimental validations suggested that the one compound can affect blood glucose level. The molecular dynamics simulations and co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the compound did not completely suppress the protein–protein interaction between Grb14 and IR, though competitively bound to IR with the tyrosine kinase pseudosubstrate region in Grb14.
Effects of Silicon Content on Oxidation at 1000°C of Aisi 1045, Aisi 5160 and Aisi 9254 Steels.
Authors: Costa Guilherme Maranhão , Matlakhova Lioudmila Aleksandrovna , Monteiro Sergio Neves
Published: December 2023

The main objective was to analyze the influence of silicon content on high-temperature oxidation of low-alloy steels. Samples of AISI 1045, AISI 5160, and AISI 9254 steels, with different silicon contents, were oxidized at an isothermal temperature of 1000°C for times of 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes. The oxide layers formed mainly contain hematite, magnetite wustite, and fayalite. The average thickness of the oxide layer can decrease with an increase in silicon content below 1% but can increase for contents greater than 1% due to the difference in density between fayalite and iron oxides. Silicon tends to accumulate on the surface of steel and form a SiO2 film in the early stages of oxidation, which can control the oxidation process. The eutectic compound FeO+Fe2SiO4 forms at the oxide-steel interface, and its thickness increases with oxidation time and the silicon content present. The SiO2 film tends to decrease with oxidation time and silicon content.
Drainless Technology for Processing High-Moisture Iron-Containing Sludge and Dust
Authors: I.K. Ibraev , O.T. Ibraeva
Published: December 2023

Annotation. PURPOSE. Development of a drainless energy-saving technology for the processing of high-moisture iron-containing sludge from metallurgical production. RESEARCH METHOD. The regularities of the combined process of chemical dehydration of high-moisture iron-containing sludge by powdered waste of lime and dolomite, hardening and agglomeration by pressing in a single technological cycle on the developed experimental plant are studied. In the course of laboratory studies, the temperature of the mass, the rate of dehydration, the chemical composition of the mixtures, the appearance of the resulting briquettes, the weight loss during agglomeration, the humidity of the mixtures, and the mechanical strength of the briquettes were carried out. RESULTS. New patterns have been established that have made it possible to develop a non-firing method for producing iron-containing material and self-healing briquettes. The essence of the method, which is one of the main provisions of scientific novelty, is to combine the processes of dehydration, self-hardening of the mixture with the process of shaping by applying external pressure to the hardening mixture in molds to obtain agglomerated material in the form of briquettes in a single technological cycle. The proposed technology does not require drying and firing, and a set of strength properties occurs as the material is cooled in air during the day. A new energy-efficient and drainless method for the production of iron-containing briquettes has been developed, which combines the processes of chemical dehydration and agglomeration in one technological cycle. CONCLUSION. The proposed project and technology will allow organizing production for the processing of high-moisture iron-containing sludge and obtaining a complex iron-containing material as a secondary metal-containing raw material for metallurgical plants for the production of steel and rolled metal. and dolomite dust of dry gas cleaning) as dehydrating and binding materials, as well as screening of coke and coal as a reducing agent. The proposed technology also solves the problems of environmental pollution and land acquisition for storage of production waste.
Caregiver Burden in Small Animal Clinics: A Comparative Analysis of Dermatological and Oncological Cases
Authors: Silva Pollyana T. R. F. , Coura Fernanda M. , Costa-Val Adriane P.
Published: December 2023

Caregiver burden, a response to the challenges faced by those caring for sick loved ones, combines objective caregiving aspects with subjective experiences. This study aimed to describe the caregiver burden in guardians of ailing animals with dermatological and oncological pathologies. Additionally, the study aimed to correlate the degree of caregiver burden with the duration of the animal's treatment, disease stability, family income, owner's age, and the number of people living in the same household responsible for the animal's treatment. Using a cross-sectional approach, questionnaires were administered to guardians at a veterinary hospital. Out of 182 valid responses, 50.55% related to oncological patients and 49.45% to dermatological patients. Notably, 36.9% of oncological and 37.8% of dermatological guardians exhibited clinically significant burden, with no statistical differences between the groups. Of the respondents, 84.6% were dog guardians, with 34.4% showing a significant burden. Feline guardians (15.4% of respondents) exhibited a higher burden (53.5%) compared to dog guardians (p = 0.02). Disease stability, time since diagnosis, and guardian age significantly influenced the burden, while household composition, income, and treatment duration showed no substantial impact. These findings underscore the psychosocial impact of caring for animals, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the caregiver's perspective.
Fungal Endophytes: Discovering What Lies within Some of Canada’s Oldest and Most Resilient Grapevines
Authors: Ali Shawkat , Wright Harrison , Tanney Joey , Renaud Justin , Sumarah Mark W.
Published: December 2023

Plant diseases and pests reduce crop yields, accounting for global crop losses of 30% to 50%. In conventional agricultural production systems, these losses are typically controlled by applying chemical pesticides. However, public pressure is mounting to curtail agrochemical use. In this context, employing beneficial endophytic microorganisms is an increasingly attractive alternative to the use of conventional chemical pesticides in agriculture. A multitude of fungal endophytes are naturally present in plants, producing enzymes, small peptides and secondary metabolites due to their bioactivity, can protect hosts from pathogens, pests and abiotic stresses. The use of beneficial endophytic microorganisms in agriculture is an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional pesticides. The aim of this study was to characterize fungal endophytes isolated from apparently healthy, feral wine grapes in eastern Canada that have grown without agrochemical inputs for decades. Host plants ranged from unknown seedlings to long-lost cultivars not widely propagated since the 1800s. HPLC-MS was used to identify unique endophyte-derived chemical compounds in the host plants, while dual-culture competition assays showed a range in endophytes’ ability to suppress the mycelial growth of Botrytis, which is typically controlled in viticulture with pesticides. Twelve of the most promising fungal endophytes isolated were identified using multilocus sequencing and morphology, while DNA barcoding was employed to identify some of their host vines. These fungal endophyte isolates, which consisted of both known and putative novel strains, belonged to seven genera in six families and five orders of Ascomycota. Exploring the fungal endophytes in these specimens may yield clues to the vines’ survival and lead to the discovery of novel biocontrol agents.
Safety and Efficacy of TKIs in Very Elderly Patients (≥75 Years) with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Costa Alessandro , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Latagliata Roberto , Mulas Olga , Carmosino Ida , Scalzulli Emilia , Bisegna Maria Laura , Ielo Claudia , Martelli Maurizio , Caocci Giovanni , Breccia Massimo
Published: December 2023

Background: While outcomes of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) patients aged over 65 years have been extensively evaluated in real-life experiences, limited data exist for the very elderly population (i.e., aged ≥ 75 years), especially for next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this retrospective study, we sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TKIs in this particular setting of patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a multicenter cohort of 123 newly diagnosed CP-CML very elderly patients. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 80 years (range: 75-96). In the first-line, 86.1% of patients received imatinib, 7.1% dasatinib, 5.6% nilotinib, and 0.81% received bosutinib. A total of 31 patients (25.2%) switched to second-line therapy, nine patients to a third-line and one patient to a fourth line of therapy. Resistance to treatment was the primary reason for switching therapy in both the first (64.5%) and second lines (77.7%). At diagnosis, reduced doses were administered in 36.5% of patients, in 61.2% in the second line, and in all patients in subsequent lines of therapy. In first-line setting, 71.9% of patients achieved an early molecular response (EMR, i.e. 3-month BCR::ABL1 IS <10%); at 6, 12, and 24 months, MR3 was reached by 35.7%, 55.7%, and 75.0% of patients, with 16.6%, 35.7%, and 51.7% achieving DMR at the same timepoints. Treatment-free remission (TFR) was successfully attempted in 11 patients. During the follow-up period, adverse events (AEs) were observed in 78.8% of patients, including 22 cases of cardiovascular AEs. Toxicity grade ≥ 3 was more commonly observed in patients treated with standard doses of TKIs compared to reduced doses (p=0.033). Overall, median follow-up was 46.62 months (range: 1.8-206.2), and 43 patients died due to non CML related causes. Three patients died due to disease progression to advanced (n=1) and blastic (n=2) phases. The 5-year overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 71.9% (95% CI: 0.63-0.81), with no significant difference between patients treated with standard doses of TKI compared to those treated with reduced doses (p=0.35). Conclusions: TKIs appear to be safe and effective even in very elderly CML patients, and dose optimization strategies yield satisfactory molecular responses for adequate disease control with an improved safety profile.