bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcinosis cutis dermatologic toxicity associated with fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor for the treatment of Wilms tumor
Authors: Arudra Krishna , Patel Ravi , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Hymes Sharon , Subbiah Vivek , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Torres‐Cabala Carlos , Aung Phyu P. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Diab Adi , Prieto Victor G. , Nelson Kelly , Curry Jonathan L.
Published: July 2018

Small‐molecule inhibitors (nibs) have revolutionized cancer therapy with the emergence of clinically efficacious treatment for advanced‐stage malignancies. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors have shown therapeutic efficacy in malignancies with molecular‐genetic alterations in the FGFR/fibroblast growth factor pathway. In a phase 1 clinical trial, erdafitinib, a pan FGFR inhibitor, was well tolerated with a manageable toxicity profile. Hyperphosphatemia was a frequent adverse event in patients treated with erdafitinib; however, no serious complications were observed with this therapy. Here, we report the development of calcinosis cutis dermatologic toxicity in a patient with hyperphosphatemia while treated with a novel selective FGFR inhibitor, INCB 54828‐101. Awareness of this form of dermatologic toxicity from an FGFR inhibitor will be important for close monitoring of serum levels of phosphate, FGF23, vitamin D, and calcitriol, the management of adverse serum chemistry with chelators, and treatment decisions to either reduce dose or withhold FGFR inhibitor.
How to master endoscopic submucosal dissection in the USA
Authors: Kotzev Andrey Iskrenov , Yang Dennis , Draganov Peter V.
Published: July 2018

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an established technique for the endoscopic therapy of dysplastic and early cancerous lesions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The procedure requires both a sophisticated knowledge for lesion characterization and high‐level endoscopic skills. As a result, the learning curve is very steep and, in Japan, it takes years to gain proficiency under the traditional Master‐Apprentice teaching model. At present, as a result of multiple limitations, this training model is not applicable to the USA. Nevertheless, a unique, multipronged, stepwise approach has emerged as a viable pathway to train US endoscopists in ESD. Although this approach deserves refinement, it has already led to the expansion of ESD in the USA, has contributed to the widening of the indications for ESD, and has further developed ESD techniques. Multiple challenges remain, but they can be overcome by active collaboration between Japanese and US endoscopists and professional societies. The robust interest in ESD in the USA has drawn industry attention with a few innovations already coming to fruition and many more in development.
Association between cytomegalovirus seropositivity and Type 2 diabetes is explained by age and other demographic characteristics: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Schmidt L. , Nelson H. H. , Thyagarajan B. , Hunter‐Schlichting D. , Pankow J. S. , Capistrant B. , Prizment A. E.
Published: July 2018

Aims

To assess the association between cytomegalovirus and Type 2 diabetes among 6664 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Methods

We used existing data from adults aged 20–49 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004. Cytomegalovirus status was determined using cytomegalovirus‐specific immunoglobulin G antibodies. Prevalent Type 2 diabetes was assessed through self‐report or a plasma fasting glucose of ≥7 mmol/l. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between Type 2 diabetes and cytomegalovirus seropositivity after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, education, BMI and physical activity.

Results

In a univariate model, the crude odds of Type 2 diabetes were 47% higher in those who were cytomegalovirus‐seropositive vs cytomegalovirus‐seronegative. The association was attenuated and no longer significant after adjustment for age and other covariates: the odds ratio for diabetes was 1.09 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.66) for cytomegalovirus‐seropositive vs ‐seronegative individuals.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that the association between cytomegalovirus and Type 2 diabetes is explained by age and other risk factors for diabetes.
Diabetes transition care and adverse events: a population‐based cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Shulman R. , Shah B. R. , Fu L. , Chafe R. , Guttmann A.
Published: July 2018

Aims

To describe patterns of primary and diabetes care during transition age (17 to < 19 years) into early adulthood (age 19 to 26 years), and to evaluate the association of primary and diabetes care patterns during transition age with the risk of adverse events in early adulthood.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based cohort study of individuals in Ontario, Canada who were diagnosed with diabetes aged < 15 years and who turned 17 between November 2006 and March 2011, followed until March 2015 (n = 2525). Using linked administrative databases, we examined healthcare use during: ‘pre‐transition‐age’ (15 to < 17 years), ‘transition‐age’ (17 to < 19 years), and ‘early adulthood’ (19 to 26 years). The main outcomes were time to death or ketoacidosis and rate of diabetes‐related admissions. The main exposures were the gap in diabetes care and primary care visits during transition age.

Results

There were < 6 deaths and 446 individuals (17.7%) had at least one admission for ketoacidosis during early adulthood. In all, 1188 individuals (47.0%) had a > 12‐month gap in diabetes care and 241 (9.5%) had no primary care visits during transition age. A gap in diabetes care of > 12 months and no primary care visits during transition age were associated with an increased risk of ketoacidosis or death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.66 and adjusted hazard ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.97, respectively).

Conclusions

In Ontario, Canada, where physician and hospital‐based services are universally covered, a high proportion of young adults with diabetes have insufficient care during transition age and this is associated with a higher risk of important adverse outcomes in early adulthood. Ensuring primary care involvement during transition may be a strategy to reduce morbidity.
Dissection of hepatic versus extra‐hepatic insulin clearance: Ethnic differences in childhood
Authors: Piccinini Francesca , Polidori David C. , Gower Barbara A. , Fernandez Jose R. , Bergman Richard N.
Published: July 2018

Aims

Adult African American (AA) women have one third of the hepatic insulin clearance of European American (EA) women. This lower hepatic (but not extra‐hepatic) insulin clearance in AA individuals is associated with higher plasma insulin concentrations. This study aims to understand whether impairment of hepatic insulin clearance is seen in AA individuals since childhood, possibly suggesting that genetic/epigenetic factors, rather than lifestyle only, contribute to this.

Materials and methods

A total of 203 children (105 male and 98 female (55 AA, 88 EA and 60 Hispanic American [HA]; ages, 7‐13 years; mean BMI, 19 kg/m2)) underwent the frequently applied intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, General Clinical Research Center and Department of Nutrition Sciences. Glucose, insulin and C‐peptide levels were measured and hepatic and extra‐hepatic insulin clearances were calculated using mathematical modelling.

Results

Fractional hepatic insulin extraction (FEL) was lower in AA than in EA children (mean (SD), 19% (20%) vs 33% (20%); P = 0.0007). Adjusting for age, Tanner stage and body fat, FEL was lower in AA than in EA children (P = 0.0012), and there was a slight sex‐related difference (FEL, 24% (10%) vs 29% (10%) in boys vs girls; P = 0.04). Extra‐hepatic insulin clearance did not differ with ethnicity (27 (12), 21 (12) and 24 (28) mL/kg/min for AA, HA and EA children, respectively; P > 0.05).

Conclusions

At a young age, FEL is lower in AAs than in EAs, which does not rule out genetic/epigenetic factors. These differences are related to hyperinsulinaemia and, over time, could possibly contribute to metabolic disorders in AA individuals.
Liquid Assets? the Short-Run Liabilities of Binge Drinking
Authors: Francesconi Marco , James Jonathan
Published: July 2018

We estimate the effect of binge drinking on road accidents, accident and emergency (A&E) attendances and arrests using a variety of unique English data and a two-sample instrumental variables estimation procedure. Drinking $10+$ units of alcohol in a single session increases road accidents by 18.6%, injury-related A&E attendances by 6.6% and arrests by 71%. The marginal increase from eight to $10+$ alcoholic units implies nearly 6,100 extra road accidents every year, 63,000 additional A&E attendances and 100,000 additional arrests. The externality per mile driven by a binge drinker is about five pence and the punishment that internalises this externality is equivalent to a fine of £22,800 per drunk driving arrest.
Neural mechanisms of sensorimotor transformation and action selection
Authors: Huda Rafiq , Goard Michael J. , Pho Gerald N. , Sur Mriganka
Published: July 2018

Ray Guillery made major contributions to our understanding of the development and function of the brain. One of his principal conceptual insights, developed together with Murray Sherman [S.M. Sherman & R.W. Guillery (2001) Exploring the Thalamus. Elsevier, Amstrerdam; S. Sherman & R. Guillery (2006) Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Functioning. Academic Press, New York, NY; S.M. Sherman & R.W. Guillery (2013) Functional Connections of Cortical Areas: A New View from the Thalamus. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and then in his last book (R. Guillery (2017) The Brain as a Tool: A Neuroscientist's Account. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK)], was that the brain is a ‘tool’ to understand the world. In this view, the brain does not passively process sensory information and use the result to inform motor outputs. Rather, sensory and motor signals are widely broadcast and inextricably linked, with ongoing sensorimotor transformations serving as the basis for interaction with the outside world. Here, we describe recent studies from our laboratory and others which demonstrate this astute framing of the link among sensation, perception, and action postulated by Guillery and others [G. Deco & E.T. Rolls (2005) Prog Neurobiol, 76, 236–256; P. Cisek & J.F. Kalaska (2010) Annu Rev Neurosci, 33, 269‐298]. Guillery situated his understanding in the deeply intertwined relationship between the thalamus and cortex, and importantly in the feedback from cortex to thalamus which in turn influences feed‐forward drive to cortex [S.M. Sherman & R.W. Guillery (2001) Exploring the Thalamus. Elsevier, Amstrerdam; S. Sherman & R. Guillery (2006) Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Functioning. Academic Press, New York, NY]. We extend these observations to argue that brain mechanisms for sensorimotor transformations involve cortical and subcortical circuits that create internal models as a substrate for action, that a key role of sensory inputs is to update such models, and that a major function of sensorimotor processing underlying cognition is to enable action selection and execution.
The β‐adrenoceptor blocker propranolol ameliorates compulsive‐like gambling behaviour in a rodent slot machine task: implications for iatrogenic gambling disorder
Authors: Cocker P. J. , Lin M. Y. , Tremblay M. , Kaur S. , Winstanley C. A.
Published: July 2018

Previous work has shown that chronic administration of the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist ropinirole invigorates performance on a rodent slot machine task (rSMT). This behavioural change appears superficially similar to the iatrogenic gambling disorder (GD) observed in a sub‐set of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and has been associated with increased activation of the intra‐cellular signalling proteins GSK3β and CREB in the striatum. Here, we wanted to determine whether this response to ropinirole could be attenuated by targeting these signalling proteins, and if the loss of dopaminergic innervation characteristic of PD would alter ropinirole's effects on the rSMT. Male Long Evans rats were trained on the rSMT. Dopaminergic terminals innervating the dorsolateral striatum were then lesioned bilaterally using the neurotoxin 6‐hydroxydopamine hydrochloride (6‐OHDA). Subsequently animals were implanted with osmotic mini‐pumps delivering ropinirole. Lastly, animals were given dietary lithium (Li+), to inhibit the activation of GSK3β, or injections of the ß‐adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, which potently inhibits CREB as a secondary mechanism of action, and any changes in ropinirole‐induced increases in compulsive‐like engagement in the rSMT evaluated. Chronic ropinirole increased the number of trials animals completed, reproducing our original finding. This increase in task engagement was not altered in animals with 6‐OHDA lesions, a putative model of early PD. In addition, the effects of ropinirole were not attenuated by administration of Li+, but were ameliorated by propranolol. These data suggest that propranolol may represent a potential pharmacotherapy for the treatment of iatrogenic gambling.
Similar effect of intermittent theta burst and sham stimulation on corticospinal excitability: A 5‐day repeated sessions study
Authors: Perellón‐Alfonso Ruben , Kralik Magdalena , Pileckyte Indre , Princic Matic , Bon Jurij , Matzhold Caspar , Fischer Benjamin , Šlahorová Petra , Pirtošek Zvezdan , Rothwell John , Kojovic Maja
Published: July 2018

Despite accumulating evidence of inter and intraindividual variability in response to theta burst stimulation, it is widely believed that in therapeutic applications, repeated sessions can have a “build‐up” effect that increases the response over and above that seen in a single session. However, strong evidence for this is lacking. Therefore, we examined whether daily administration of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) over the primary motor cortex induces cumulative changes in transcranial magnetic stimulation measures of cortical excitability, above the changes induced by sham stimulation. Over five consecutive days, 20 healthy participants received either active iTBS or sham stimulation. Each day, baseline measures of cortical excitability were assessed before and up to 30 min after the intervention. There was no significant difference in the rate of response between iTBS and sham stimulation on any of the 5 days. There was no iTBS specific cumulative increase of corticospinal excitability. The likelihood that an individual would remain a responder from day‐to‐day was low in both groups, implying high within‐subject variability of both active and sham iTBS after‐effects. In contrast, we found a high within‐subject repeatability of resting and active motor threshold, and baseline motor‐evoked potential amplitude. In summary, sham stimulation has similar effect to active iTBS on corticospinal excitability, even when applied repeatedly for 5 days. Our results might be relevant to research and clinical applications of theta burst stimulation protocols.
Repurposing an established drug: an emerging role for methylene blue in L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia
Authors: Bariotto‐dos‐Santos Keila , Padovan‐Neto Fernando Eduardo , Bortolanza Mariza , dos‐Santos‐Pereira Maurício , Raisman‐Vozari Rita , Tumas Vitor , Del Bel Elaine
Published: July 2018

The nitric oxide (NO) system has been proven to be a valuable modulator of L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinsonian rodents. NO activates the enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase and elicits the synthesis of the second‐messenger cGMP. Although we have previously described the anti‐dyskinetic potential of NO synthase inhibitors on L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia, the effect of soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitors remains to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the clinically available non‐selective inhibitor methylene blue, or the selective soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one), could mitigate L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats. Here, we demonstrated that methylene blue was able to reduce L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia incidence when chronically co‐administered with L‐DOPA during 3 weeks. Methylene blue chronic (but not acute) administration (2 weeks) was effective in attenuating L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in rats rendered dyskinetic by a previous course of L‐DOPA chronic treatment. Furthermore, discontinuous methylene blue treatment (e.g., co‐administration of methylene blue and L‐DOPA for 2 consecutive days followed by vehicle and L‐DOPA co‐administration for 5 days) was effective in attenuating dyskinesia. Finally, we demonstrated that microinjection of methylene blue or ODQ into the lateral ventricle effectively attenuated L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. Taken together, these results demonstrate an important role of NO‐soluble guanylyl cyclase‐cGMP signaling on L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. The clinical implications of this discovery are expected to advance the treatment options for patients with Parkinson's disease.
Soil aggregates: a scale to investigate the densities of metal and proton reactive sites of organic matter and clay phases in soil
Authors: Spadini L. , Navel A. , Martins J. M. F. , Vince E. , Lamy I.
Published: July 2018

Determining site density of reactive sites of metals in the main soil phases remains a challenging task. This study aimed to show that densities of reactive sites in soil may be assessed by a fractionation procedure based on soil being spatially organized as aggregates. The method is described with copper as a model trace element and a common silty loam soil after applying a low energy fractionation method to maintain the integrity of soil aggregates. The reactivity of five soil size fractions (> 250, 250–63, 63–20, 20–2 and < 2 μm) to protons and copper was quantified by acid–base titrations. The total proton sorption capacities were assigned to the total concentration of copper reactive sites and fitted to a linear combination of the relevant reactivity data of each phase, namely the total contents of organic carbon, copper and acid‐extractable aluminium. Acid–base reactivity was linearly related to the distribution of copper, and differences between fractions were used to reconstruct the distribution of acid–base and copper‐complexing sites among the clay, organic and weakly reactive residual phases. In accordance with our hypothesis that key reactive phases are mainly organic materials and clays, we used this procedure to determine the site densities of (i) two size classes of particulate organic matter, (ii) strongly reactive organic matter (e.g. soil humic and fulvic acids) and (iii) clay. The site densities and the distributions of copper obtained were used to validate our conceptual model for predicting global soil reactivity to metals.

Highlights

Precise site densities of key soil reactive phases are often lacking in transfer modelling

We applied specific experimental methods of aggregate analysis and partial leaching of Al phases

Site densities of the various types of organic matter were assessed using variably amended soils

Soil aggregate analysis is powerful for determining base parameters in element transfer modelling
Ecological correlates of the spatial co‐occurrence of sympatric mammalian carnivores worldwide
Authors: Davis Courtney L. , Rich Lindsey N. , Farris Zach J. , Kelly Marcella J. , Di Bitetti Mario S. , Blanco Yamil Di , Albanesi Sebastian , Farhadinia Mohammad S. , Gholikhani Navid , Hamel Sandra , Harmsen Bart J. , Wultsch Claudia , Kane Mamadou D. , Martins Quinton , Murphy Asia J. , Steenweg Robin , Sunarto Sunarto , Taktehrani Atieh , Thapa Kanchan , Tucker Jody M. , Whittington Jesse , Widodo Febri A. , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Miller David A.W.
Published: July 2018

The composition of local mammalian carnivore communities has far‐reaching effects on terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. To better understand how carnivore communities are structured, we analysed camera trap data for 108 087 trap days across 12 countries spanning five continents. We estimate local probabilities of co‐occurrence among 768 species pairs from the order Carnivora and evaluate how shared ecological traits correlate with probabilities of co‐occurrence. Within individual study areas, species pairs co‐occurred more frequently than expected at random. Co‐occurrence probabilities were greatest for species pairs that shared ecological traits including similar body size, temporal activity pattern and diet. However, co‐occurrence decreased as compared to other species pairs when the pair included a large‐bodied carnivore. Our results suggest that a combination of shared traits and top‐down regulation by large carnivores shape local carnivore communities globally.
PFCA: An influence‐based parallel fuzzy clustering algorithm for large complex networks
Authors: Bhatia Vandana , Rani Rinkle
Published: July 2018

Clustering helps in understanding the patterns present in networks and thus helps in getting useful insights. In real‐world complex networks, analysing the structure of the network plays a vital role in clustering. Most of the existing clustering algorithms identify disjoint clusters, which do not consider the structure of the network. Moreover, the clustering results do not provide consistency and precision. This paper presents an efficient parallel fuzzy clustering algorithm named “PFCA” for large complex networks using Hadoop and Pregel (parallel processing framework for large graphs). The proposed algorithm first selects the candidate cluster heads on the basis of their influence in the network and then determines the number of clusters by analysing the graph structure using PageRank algorithm. The proposed algorithm identifies both disjoint and fuzzy clusters efficiently and finds membership of only those vertices, which are the part of more than one cluster. The performance is validated on 6 real‐life networks having up to billions of connections. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm scales up linearly with the increase in size of network. It is also shown that the proposed algorithm is efficient and has high precision in comparison with the other state‐of‐art fuzzy clustering algorithms in terms of F score and modularity.
Successful control of hidradenitis suppurativa with verapamil: a case report
Authors: Laroche Marie‐Laure , Teste Marianne , Vanoost Julien , Geniaux Hélène
Published: July 2018

An inappropriate immunologic response has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Adalimumab was the first TNF‐α inhibitor approved for moderate to severe HS. We report on a case of HS (Hurley stage 2) in a 39‐year‐old man, who had received fusidic acid and isotretinoin treatments without evident benefit during the last 8 years. The patient noticed a reduction in the number of lesions and quality of life (DLQI from 27 to 6) in the 2 months following verapamil initiation for cluster headache. When verapamil was stopped, the lesions recurred within 1.5 months. The patient resumed taking verapamil as before and a remission occurred. Verapamil has been shown to inhibit TNF‐α and IL‐1β in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesize that verapamil inhibits the inflammatory process through the TNF‐α/IL‐1 pathway involved in the HS physiopathology. Compared to biologic agents as anti‐TNF‐α (adalimumab) and anti‐IL1 (anakinra), verapamil is safer and cheaper. Given its possible role on TNF‐α/IL‐1, verapamil may represent an alternative therapeutic option in mild and moderate HS.
Putting community to use in environmental policy making: Emerging trends in Scotland and the UK
Authors: Holstead Kirsty , Taylor Aiken Gerald , Eadson Will , Braunholtz‐Speight Tim
Published: July 2018

Community is frequently called upon in policy to meet environmental challenges. It is increasingly recognised that the success of these environmental interventions relies on community awareness and action. But what this emphasis on community does, and what the impacts are, are often neglected, or left uncritiqued. To explore this issue, we surveyed literature from the UK across four distinct environmental domains—energy, urban greenspace, water, and land—to chart what characterises the use of community in pursuit of environmental goals. We highlight the main conceptual commonalities across the domains by focusing on research that gives insight into the increased interest in communities in environmental policy. In summary, we posit that where community is used environmentally, it brings with it (a) a reframing of justice, (b) processes of ‘public making,’ and (c) a rescaling of governance.
Microbial population, chemical composition and silage fermentation of native grasses growing on the Inner Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Gentu Ge , Hou Meiling , Liu Tingyu , Jia Yushan , Cai Yimin
Published: July 2018

Silage was made from the dominant native grasses growing on the Inner Mongolian Plateau, including Baical needlegrass (Stipa baicalensis), China leymus (Leymus chinensis), Scabrous hideseedgrass (Cleistogenes squarrosa), Ruthenia medic (Melissilus ruthenicus) and Slenderleaf pulsatilla (Pulsatilla turczaninovii) and their microbial populations, chemical composition and silage fermentation were studied. Before ensiling, these grasses contained per g of fresh matter (FM) 105lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cell‐forming units (cfu), 107aerobic bacteria, 103–105coliform bacteria, yeasts and molds. TheLABcounts increased rapidly after 2 days of fermentation and remained dominant during the fermentation process. After 7 days of ensiling, the coliform bacteria and molds were below detectable levels in all silages. The crude protein (CP) of these grasses ranged from 8.93 to 14.95% of dry matter (DM), and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) comprised 58.29–70.05% ofDM. Crude protein content of Ruthenia medic was higher and theNDFand acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of Slenderleaf pulsatilla were lower than those of the other grasses. During ensiling, the organic matter,CP, ether extract,NDFandADFcontents in each kind of silage did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). During the progression of ensiling, the lactic acid and acetic acid contents increased in all silages, while thepHdecreased. At day 30, all silages had similar fermentation patterns; more than 0.58%FMlactic acid was produced and thepHwas reduced below 4.44. The results suggest that the native grasses can be used to prepare good quality silages.
Do Headache Patients Require More Care in Between Visits Than Other Neurology Outpatients?
Authors: Brilla Roland , Woo Kaitlin M. , Seeger Susanne K.
Published: July 2018

Background

There is evidence that time spent in patient care in between patient visits is increasing and a contributor to physician burnout. The extent of this work on providers in the field of headache medicine is unknown.

Objectives

To establish whether headache outpatients require a high level of care in addition to clinic visits, based on the quantity of remote encounters per patient (phone calls and secure email communication to the clinics), in comparison to other neurologic clinics.

Methods

In an academic referral clinic, a total of 3164 established patients were included in this retrospective analysis, 275 from the headache clinic, the remainder from various other neurology clinics (2 physician providers per clinic except 3 physician providers in the headache clinic). Patients presenting for a follow‐up visit between January 2014 and April 2016 were observed for a 12‐month period during which the number of a) telephone and b) secure email (MyChart) encounters per patient was recorded, and in addition, the number of entries related to each of these encounters. This analysis did not require IRB approval as per institutional guidelines.

Results

Headache clinic patients required a high frequency of remote encounters (composite of both telephone and email messages) per patient, second only to the MS clinic patients. Use of secure email messaging (MyChart) per patient was much higher in the headache clinic compared to all other clinics.

Conclusion

Patients in a headache clinic in an academic tertiary care setting require a high intensity of remote outpatient care, more so than patients in other neurology subspecialty clinics and general neurology clinic, with the exception of the neuroimmunology/MS clinic. This is to a large extent secondary to the very frequent use of secure email linked to the electronic medical record by headache patients.
Identifying Natural Subgroups of Migraine Based on Comorbidity and Concomitant Condition Profiles: Results of the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) Study
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Fanning Kristina M. , Buse Dawn C. , Martin Vincent T. , Reed Michael L. , Manack Adams Aubrey , Goadsby Peter J.
Published: July 2018

Objective

To identify natural subgroups of people with migraine based on profiles of comorbidities and concomitant conditions, hereafter referred to as comorbidities.

Background

Migraine is a heterogeneous disease. Identifying natural subgroups (endophenotypes) may facilitate biological and genetic characterization and the development of personalized treatment.

Methods

The Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes Study is a prospective web‐based survey study designed to characterize the course of migraine and related comorbidities in a systematic US sample of people with migraine. Respondents were asked if they ever had a specific comorbidity and, if present, whether the comorbidity was confirmed/diagnosed by a “doctor”; 62 comorbidities were available for analysis. Latent class analysis (LCA) modeling determined the optimal number of classes and a parsimonious set of comorbidities.

Results

Of the 12,810 respondents with migraine, 11,837 reported ≥1 comorbidity and were included in this analysis. After statistical analysis and clinical judgment reduced the number of comorbidities, we selected an 8‐class model based on 22 comorbidities. Each class had a distinct pattern summarized as follows: Class 1, Most Comorbidities; Class 2, Respiratory/Psychiatric; Class 3, Respiratory/Pain; Class 4, Respiratory; Class 5, Psychiatric; Class 6, Cardiovascular; Class 7, Pain; Class 8, Fewest Comorbidities. The distribution of individuals across models was variable, with one‐third of respondents in Class 8 (Fewest Comorbidities) and <10% in Class 1 (Most Comorbidities). Demographic and headache characteristics, not used in assigning class membership, varied across classes. For example, comparing Class 1 (Most Comorbidities) and Class 8 (Fewest Comorbidities), Class 1 had a greater proportion of individuals with severe disability (Migraine Disability Assessment grade IV; 48.1% vs 22.3% of overall individuals) and higher rates of allodynia (67.6% vs 47.0%), medication overuse (36.4% vs 15.0%), chronic migraine (23.1% vs 9.1%), and aura (40.1% vs 28.8%).

Conclusions

LCA modeling identified 8 natural subgroups of persons with migraine based on comorbidity profiles. These classes show differences in demographic and headache features not used to form the classes. Subsequent research will assess prognostic and biologic differences among the classes.
Trends and characteristics of imports of live CITES‐listed bird species into Japan
Authors: Vall‐Llosera Miquel , Su Shan
Published: July 2018

Understanding the characteristics of the international bird trade is critical for preventing the traffic of endangered species. Japan is the second largest importer of birds for the pet industry globally, yet little research has examined its role in the international trade of live exotic birds. We used reports to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Trade Database to conduct the first quantitative analysis of the live commercial bird imports to Japan. We also investigated whether the volume of import is influenced by factors related to species availability. We analysed close to 2 million live bird imports by Japan from 1979 to 2015. The volume of imports peaked in 1999 and then declined until 2008, when imports increased again. Japan imported 603 bird species, mostly parrots (64%), owls (11%) and raptors (9%), from 92 different countries. Most imported birds were reported to be captive‐bred (70%), and key exporters were Belgium (23%), the Netherlands (15%) and Singapore (12%). The most frequently imported bird species had widespread distributions and were not of high conservation concern, so we concluded that bird imports were restricted by the availability of bird species to the international market. Research effort in countries that engage heavily in wildlife trade is necessary to understand the impacts of the trade on bird conservation, and to monitor captive bird populations outside their native ranges.
Spirituality and religiosity at the junction of consumerism: Exploring consumer preference for spiritual brands
Authors: Sardana Deepak , Gupta Narain , Sharma Piyush
Published: July 2018

This paper extends the growing research on the influence of religion and spiritualism on consumer behaviour by exploring the relationship between spirituality and religiosity (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) as well as their effects on consumers’ purchase of Fast Moving Consumer Goods brands promoted by spiritual leaders (spiritual brands). Results from an online survey of 238 Indian consumers across four food product categories (honey, cheese, biscuits and cooking oil) shows that both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity have significant positive effects, but spirituality has no significant effect on the purchase of spiritual brands. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings as well as some limitations of our study and useful directions for future research.
Colour cosmetics consumption among Moroccan women: Examining the nexus of attitudes, religion and the media
Authors: Hamelin Nicolas , Mokannef Amina , Gbadamosi Ayantunji
Published: July 2018

This paper examines colour cosmetic consumption of Morrocan women in relation to the influence of attitudes, religion and the media. With data from 498 women and using the theory of planned behaviour, this study shows that attitude and Perceived behaviour control (PBC) affect positively consumer intention to buy colour cosmetics. It also shows that intrinsic or personal religiosity does not affect customer intention to purchase cosmetic products while extrinsic religiosity is negatively correlated to the intention to use these products. Besides, the study demonstrates how different types of media influence the respondents’ consumption of these products. For example, as respondents spend more time watching TF1—the first national French channel—where a more natural look is displayed, the intention to buy colour cosmetics decreases by 41.6%. Concerning the socio‐demographic factors, the study shows that older women mainly with high income are more likely to consider colour cosmetics consumption. The implications of the study are highlighted in the paper.
Antioxidant activities of hydrolysed collagen from salmon scale ossein prepared with the aid of ultrasound
Authors: Sae‐leaw Thanasak , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: July 2018

Hydrolysed collagen with antioxidant activity from salmon scale ossein as influenced by ultrasound pretreatment and prior thermal treatment were investigated. Ultrasound pretreatment of scale ossein at 70% amplitude for 30 min with intensity power of 750 W, followed by heating at 55 °C for 6 h resulted in the highest release of collagenous materials from ossein. Hydrolysed collagen from aforementioned scale ossein prepared using Alcalase had higher degree of hydrolysis and recovery than those from ossein with other pretreatments. 2,2′‐Azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) increased as Alcalase concentration increased. Higher proportion of low molecular weight (MW) peptides was observed after gastrointestinal digestion, in which peptides with MWs of 347 and 219 Da exhibited the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP, respectively. Therefore, ultrasound pretreatment of ossein along with subsequent thermal treatment could increase yield and antioxidant activities of hydrolysed collagen.
Children placed in alternate care in Norway: A review of mental health needs and current official measures to meet them
Authors: Lehmann Stine , Kayed Nanna S.
Published: July 2018

Children and youth placed in alternate care have often suffered detrimental care conditions before placement and the rupture of attachment bonds both before and during alternate care. In this article, we review the knowledge base on the prevalence of mental disorders, and access to mental health services, of children and youth in alternate care in Norway. Due to the increasing knowledge of this group's needs, official measures are now taken to improve service provision and cooperation between types and levels of services for children and youth in alternate care. We review the recent Norwegian official reports aiming to improve access to mental health services for children placed in alternate care and discuss their recommendations in light of empirical findings from our own research.
Leadership as an enabler of professional agency and creativity: case studies from the Finnish information technology sector
Authors: Collin Kaija , Herranen Sanna , Paloniemi Susanna , Auvinen Tommi , Riivari Elinsa , Sintonen Teppo , Lemmertty Soila
Published: July 2018

This paper summarizes and elaborates the findings of a research project on leadership as an enabler of professional agency and creativity in information technology organizations. The synthesis in this paper is based on a summary of three primary studies. Each of the studies approached leadership, creativity and/or professional agency with a specific focus. Leaning on a mixed‐methods and ethnographic approach, including various empirical data collection and analytical tools, the project investigated the relationship between professional agency and creativity; issues that frame professional agency and creativity; and the meaning of leadership practices for the enhancement of agency and creativity. The findings highlight a strong connection between professional agency and creativity and their context‐ and situation‐specific manifestations. The findings also address creativity that manifests itself in interaction, processes and collaboration. Further, the findings discuss the role of agile human resource development for professional agency and creativity, and show that flexible leadership practices are necessary in supporting professional agency and creativity.
Impact of a novel biopsy instrument with a 25‐mm side‐notch needle on the detection of prostate cancer in transrectal biopsy
Authors: Kanao Kent , Kajikawa Keishi , Kobayashi Ikuo , Morinaga Shingo , Muramatsu Hiroyuki , Nishikawa Genya , Watanabe Masahito , Zennami Kenji , Nakamura Kogenta , Sumitomo Makoto
Published: July 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of a novel biopsy instrument that extends the length of the side‐notch on the detection of prostate cancer in transrectal needle biopsy.

Methods

We collaborated with a biopsy needle manufacturer and developed a novel biopsy instrument (PRIMECUT II long‐notch type) with a 25‐mm side‐notch length and 28‐mm stroke length to take longer tissue cores. The sampled core length, cancer detection rate, pain and complications of 489 patients who underwent transrectal biopsy using the long‐notch needle were compared with those of 469 patients who underwent biopsy using a normal instrument with a 19‐mm side‐notch length and 22‐mm stroke length.

Results

The mean length of tissue taken by the long‐notch needle was significantly longer than that of tissue taken by the normal‐notch needle (16.3 vs 22.4 mm, P < 0.001). The overall cancer detection rate was 42.0% for the normal‐notch needle and 51.1% for the long‐notch needle (P = 0.005). In patients with a prostate volume of 20–40 mL, the cancer detection rate for the long‐notch needle was especially higher than that for the normal‐notch needle (74.2% vs 47.5%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the long‐notch needle improved cancer detection significantly (odds ratio 1.702, P < 0.001). There were no differences of pain during biopsy and complication between the two groups.

Conclusions

The novel biopsy instrument with a 25‐mm side‐notch can take longer tissue samples safely and has a significantly higher rate of prostate cancer detection in transrectal biopsy.
Validated uroflowmetry‐based predictive model for the primary diagnosis of urethral stricture disease in men
Authors: Lambert Edward , Denys Marie‐Astrid , Poelaert Filip , Everaert Karel , Lumen Nicolaas
Published: July 2018

Objectives

To define a uroflowmetry‐based non‐invasive predictive tool for the primary diagnosis of urethral stricture disease.

Methods

A total of 300 male patients (150 with urethral stricture disease and 150 with benign prostatic obstruction), treated surgically between 2005 and 2015, and 75 healthy males were included in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups (75 benign prostatic obstruction patients and 75 urethral stricture disease patients in each group). A model, able to objectively differentiate between benign prostatic obstruction and urethral stricture disease, was created by use of original and hybrid uroflowmetry variables in logistic regression in group A (test group). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used for validation in group B (validation group) and to calculate cut‐off values to distinguish healthy individuals from benign prostatic obstruction as a result of urethral stricture disease.

Results

Receiver operating characteristics area under the curve values of the created model were 0.841 (0.777–0.905) and 0.807 (0.735–0.879) in groups A and B, respectively. Optimal cut‐off values were 2.2847 and 0.1182 to distinguish healthy individuals versus benign prostatic obstruction and benign prostatic obstruction versus urethral stricture disease.

Conclusions

A triphasic uroflowmetry‐based model is able to objectively distinguish voiding patterns of healthy individuals, benign prostatic obstruction and urethral stricture disease. The probability of urethral stricture disease can be objectively calculated for each individual patient based on a non‐invasive uroflowmetry test. Uroflowmetry pattern interpretation by use of statistical models could become a new standard.
Residual stress determination of silicon containing boron dopants in ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Knauf Michael W. , Przybyla Craig P. , Ritchey Andrew J. , Trice Rodney W. , Pipes R. Byron
Published: July 2018

Raman spectroscopy was utilized to investigate residual stresses found within a SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite containing Hi‐Nicalon™ fibers, a slurry melt‐infiltrated matrix of silicon carbide particles, and silicon matrix. Large gradients of electrically active boron are found throughout various regions within the crystalline lattice of the silicon matrix. The regions were identified by the varying degrees of asymmetry and peak width measured in the resonant Fano profile of the doped silicon. A methodology to determine the residual stress state of silicon exhibiting varying degrees of electrically active boron is presented by utilizing the changes in the Raman profile parameters. Previous works on similar SiC/SiC CMCs have attributed spatial gradients in the wavenumber to large fluctuations in stress. By applying the proposed methodology, we show that these observations are related to active boron that is segregated in various matrix areas. Utilizing this methodology, mean compressive stresses in various silicon regions were found to be approximately 300 MPa, with complementary tensile silicon carbide particle stresses of approximately 300 MPa.
Phase formation and microwave dielectric properties of BiMVO5(M = Ca, Mg) ceramics potential for low temperature co‐fired ceramics application
Authors: Kai Cheng , Li Chunchun , Xiang Huaicheng , Tang Ying , Sun Yihua , Fang Liang
Published: July 2018

Two low‐firing BiMVO5(M = Ca, Mg) ceramics were prepared in the sintering temperature range of 760‐850°C. Their differences in phase formation, sintering behavior, and dielectric performances were investigated. BiCaVO5formed a single phase with an orthorhombic structure, while BiMgVO5crystallized in a monoclinic structure that needs longer dwelling time to obtain single phase. The optimized microwave dielectric properties were obtained withεr= 15.70,Q × f= 55 000 GHz (at 10.6 GHz), andτf= −71 ppm/°C for BiCaVO5,εr= 18.55,Q × f= 86 860 GHz (at 9.63 GHz), andτf= −65 ppm/°C for BiMgVO5. In addition, the large negativeτfvalues of BiMVO5(M = Ca, Mg) ceramics were successfully adjusted by forming composite ceramics with CaTiO3and near‐zeroτfvalues of +2 ppm/°C and −3 ppm/°C were obtained in 0.92BiCaVO5‐0.08CaTiO3 and 0.94BiMgVO5‐0.06CaTiO3, respectively. Both ceramics exhibited good chemical compatibility with Ag electrode. The results demonstrate BiMVO5(M = Ca, Mg) ceramics to be attractive candidates inLTCCtechnology.
Transport properties of proton conductive Y‐doped BaHfO3 and Ca or Sr‐substituted Y‐doped BaZrO3
Authors: Kato Kohei , Han Donglin , Uda Tetsuya
Published: July 2018

An electrolyte in fuel cells requires not only high ionic conductivity, but also high transport numbers of ionic conduction. Although Y‐doped BaZrO3 is regarded to be the most promising candidate as the electrolyte in protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs), significant hole conduction generates in wet oxygen at high temperatures. With the aim to increase the transport number of ionic conduction, in this work, Sr and Ca were introduced to partially substitute Ba in BaZr0.8Y0.2O3‐δ. The results revealed that a single cubic perovskite phase was obtained for Ba0.95Ca0.05Zr0.8Y0.2O3‐δ and Ba1‐xSrxZr0.8Y0.2O3‐δ (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 or 0.40). However, replacing Ba with Sr resulted in almost no increase in the transport number of ionic conduction in wet oxygen atmosphere, but drastic decrease in proton conductivity at all replacement levels. In addition, Ba0.95Ca0.05Zr0.8Y0.2O3‐δ shows no meaningful change in the transport number of ionic conduction, compared with BaZr0.8Y0.2O3‐δ. Incorporating Ca or Sr into the Ba‐site of BaZr0.8Y0.2O3‐δ appears to impart no positive influence on electrochemical properties. These interesting results also indicate that the hole conductivity decreases with the decrease in proton conductivity, and will aid to consider the hole conduction mechanism. BaHfO3 doped with 10 and 20 mol% Y was also prepared. A bimodal microstructure was observed for BaHf0.9Y0.1O3‐δ, whereas BaHf0.8Y0.2O3‐δ shows uniform grain size after sintering at 1600°C for 24 hours. The transport numbers of ionic conduction and bulk conductivity in such Y‐doped BaHfO3 samples are close to those of BaZrO3 doped with the same amount of Y.