bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plexiform perineurioma of the lip: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kawakami Fumi , Hirose Takanori , Kimoto Akira , Komori Takahide , Itoh Tomoo
Published: September 2012

We describe a plexiform perineurioma, which is an extremely rare variant of soft tissue perineurioma. A 43‐year‐old Japanese man presented with a painless, well‐demarcated, elastic, soft tumor measuring 2.0 × 1.9 cm on the upper lip that had persisted for three years. Microscopically, a plexiform tumor composed of minimally atypical spindle cells with wavy nuclei was located in the lamina propria of the oral mucosa. Tumor cells were concentrically arranged around small vessels and aligned in parallel with delicate collagen fibers on a fibromyxoid background in the hypocellular area. Tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for EMA, GLUT‐1, claudin‐1, and CD34 and negative for S‐100 protein. The histopathological and immunohistochemical profiles of the excised tumor indicated a diagnosis of plexiform perineurioma. The patient has remained free of recurrence for sixteen months. Intraoral soft tissue perineurioma is rare and two of the four reported plexiform perineuriomas, including that described herein, notably involved the intraoral area. According to previous reports, plexiform perineuriomas largely develop in middle‐aged women without a history of type 1 or type 2 neurofibromatosis. The clinical courses of all reported plexiform perineuriomas have been benign.
Case reports of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma with pleural spread: So‐called pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma
Authors: Saito Ryoko , Kasajima Atsuko , Taniuchi Shinji , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Ishida Kazuyuki , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Yamanda Shinsuke , Takahashi Tohru , Hitomi Hideaki , Murakami Kazuhiro , Watanabe Mika , Sasano Hironobu
Published: September 2012

We report two autopsy cases of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma associated with unusual pleural spread. Both patients had confirmed history of asbestos exposure. In the first patient the tumor was localized in one pulmonary lobe with marked infiltration into pleura, chest wall and diaphragm. In the second patient the entire right lung was covered by irregularly thickened tumor. Both tumors were mainly located in the extrapulmonary area and the intrapulmonary portions represented only minor components. Histologically, tumor cells demonstrated glandular and papillary growth patterns associated with focal hobnail‐like features. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed diffuse and marked immunoreactivity of TTF‐1, CEA, CD15 and MOC31 in both cases, while calretinin, CK5/6, vimentin, thrombomodulin and HBME‐1 were broadly positive in one case. D2‐40 was not detected in either case. Examination using electron microscopy revealed the presence of sparse and short microvilli in tumor cells. All of the above findings are consistent with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Primary adenocarcinoma with a characteristic pleural extention grossly resembling malignant mesothelioma has been previously reported in the literature as pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma. This is the first report of pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma displaying variable immunoprofile with a diagnosis using electron microscopical examination. Additionally, we performed quantitative analysis of asbestos bodies in pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma.
Double recurrence of group B streptococcus bacteremia in an immunocompetent infant
Authors: Shoda Tetsuo , Miyagi Natsuki , Shirai Kentaro , Furushima Wakana , Takahashi Masaki , Mimura Sho , Isozaki Atsushi , Kawano Yutaka
Published: September 2012

We report an immunocompetent infantile case wherein group B streptococcus bacteremia recurred two times. The isolated bacteria which colonized in his nasopharyngeal cavity might be a source of repetitive infection. Although the best action has not been established yet, penicillin G as the prophylaxis seemed to be effective in this case.
Rhabdomyolysis associated with influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection in a pediatric patient
Authors: Ishiwada Naruhiko , Takada Nobuyuki , Okunushi Tomoko , Hishiki Haruka , Katano Harutaka , Nakajima Noriko , Kohno Yoichi
Published: September 2012

The influenza A/H1N1 2009 epidemic has spread to many countries since 2009, including Japan. We report an immune‐competent child involving rhabdomyolysis and compartment syndrome associated with influenza A/H1N1 2009. The patient was demonstrated rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria, hyperkalemia, cardiac dysfunction and compartment syndrome that arose during convalescence from influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection. Although RT‐PCR of muscle tissue yielded negative results for influenza A/H1N1 2009 RNA and no viral positive‐antigen cells were detected in the muscle lesions, the clinical picture suggested rhabdomyolysis associated with influenza A/H1N1. Rhabdomyolysis should be considered in the evaluation of muscle symptoms such as myalgia associated with novel influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus infection, particularly in critically ill patients.
A case of meningoencephalitis associated with macrolide‐resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Authors: Koga Shunsuke , Ishiwada Naruhiko , Honda Yoshiko , Okunushi Tomoko , Hishiki Haruka , Ouchi Kazunobu , Kohno Yoichi
Published: September 2012

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common pathogen causing community‐acquired pneumonia, is also known to cause meningoencephalitis in pediatric patients. We report herein a pediatric patient with meningoencephalitis and macrolide‐resistant M. pneumoniae infection. We emphasize that macrolide‐resistant M. pneumoniae must be taken into consideration in patients with encephalitis, along with consideration for using minocycline even in pediatric patients.
Castleman disease in a child with short stature
Authors: Hanada Takuya , Okuno Keisuke , Okada Shin‐ichi , Fujimoto Masanobu , Kuranobu Hiroki , Hashida Yuichiro , Ueyama Jun‐ichi , Murakami Jun , Hayashi Atsushi , Hanaki Keiichi , Kanzaki Susumu
Published: September 2012

We report a 14‐year‐old boy with Castleman disease in this article. He complained of short stature, and his body height was 133.8 cm (<3rd percentile; z score −4.5). There was marked delay in the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. He was found to have a remittent fever and a lower mid‐abdominal tumor. Blood test revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia, thrombocytosis, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The serum IL‐6 and C‐reactive protein levels were increased. The mass was found to be mixed hyaline vascular and plasma cell type of Castleman disease through a pathological examination. Lymph nodes affected by Castleman disease cause overproduction of IL‐6. It decreases IGF‐1, IGFBP‐3 and serum testosterone levels. As a result of tumorectomy, his short stature and delay in the development of secondary sexual characteristics were improved.
Refeeding syndrome in a small‐for‐dates micro‐preemie receiving early parenteral nutrition
Authors: Mizumoto Hiroshi , Mikami Masamitsu , Oda Hirotsugu , Hata Daisuke
Published: September 2012

This report describes a small‐for‐date extremely low birth weight infant who manifested bradycardic events, respiratory failure, and hemolytic jaundice during her first week of life. These complications were attributed to severe hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia. Inadequate supply and refeeding syndrome triggered by early aggressive parenteral nutrition were responsible for electrolyte abnormalities.
Neonatal iliopsoas abscess
Authors: Horiuchi Atsushi , Kameoka Kazuhiro , Kuwabara Jun , Watanabe Yuji , Kawakami Sanae , Tauchi Hisamichi , Ishii Eiichi
Published: September 2012

Iliopsoas abscess (IPA) is rare in children, particularly in neonates. A male neonate was born at 38 weeks of gestation with a weight of 2915 g. On day 22 after birth, his family noticed that his right thigh was swollen. Abdominal computed tomography showed a mass extending to the right iliopsoas from the right thigh with thick septa. Puncture to the right groin yielded purulent fluid, and so a diagnosis of abscess was made. The puncture was followed by surgical drainage through a small inguinal incision, and the abscess cavity was irrigated thoroughly using normal saline. Culture of abscess fluid was positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae, so intravenous ABPC infusion was continued. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging indicate that the IPA was derived from arthritis of the hip, and the patients received Riemenbügel for the incomplete hip dislocation. He is doing well at 2 years of age.
Respiratory syncytial virus‐associated encephalopathy complicated by congenital myopathy
Authors: Nakamura Kazuyuki , Kato Mitsuhiro , Sasaki Ayako , Shiihara Takashi , Hayasaka Kiyoshi
Published: September 2012

A 23‐month‐old Japanese girl with a severe form of congenital fiber type disproportion myopathy under mechanical ventilation suffered from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, complicated with acute encephalopathy. She showed consciousness disturbance and convulsions followed by severe brain damage, a rare complication in RSV infection. Patients with severe neuromuscular diseases are vulnerable to RSV infection. Prophylactic interventions should be recommended.
Identification of the narrow lumen of the ureter using a Fogarty catheter during laparoscopic pyeloplasty
Authors: Tsuji Yoshikazu , Kinukawa Tsuneo , Suzuki Akitaka , Ishida Shohei , Fujita Takashi , Komatsu Tomonori , Kimura Toru , Tanaka Kuniaki , Hattori Ryohei
Published: September 2012

It is difficult to identify the narrow sites of the ureter from the outside while carrying out laparoscopic pyeloplasty in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. We developed and named a new method, the Fogarty test, to identify the narrow sites of the ureter using a Fogarty catheter. A 4‐ to 5‐Fr Fogarty catheter was inserted through an incision in the pelvis to the proximal ureter, inflated with air and withdrawn gently to determine resistance. The narrow lumen of the ureter was identified under direct vision and spatulated by laparoscopic scissors. This procedure was carried out repeatedly until the ureter was fully spatulated. By using the Fogarty test, we can visualize the narrow position and length of the ureter under direct vision, and confirm whether it is fully spatulated or not. This technique is very simple and easy to carry out. We believe it is useful for sufficient spatulation of intrinsic ureteral stricture, especially in patients where multiple narrow sites exist.
Oncological and functional outcomes after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: A comprehensive analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: Sejima Takehiro , Iwamoto Hideto , Masago Toshihiko , Morizane Shuichi , Hinata Nobuyuki , Yao Akihisa , Isoyama Tadahiro , Saito Motoaki , Takenaka Atsushi
Published: September 2012

Objectives

To investigate mortality rates and to comprehensively analyze prognostic indicators after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

Methods

Data were collected from 147 patients who underwent potentially curative radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The following data were analyzed: tumor pathology, patient demographics and clinical parameters, such as pre‐ and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, as well as the cause of death. Cause‐specific survival rates were calculated including deaths caused by renal cell carcinoma and cardiovascular disease. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for statistical analysis.

Results

A univariate analysis showed that age at surgery (≥70 years), postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2), pathological high T stage, grade and venous invasion were significant poor prognostic indicators. The multivariate analysis provided evidence that pathological venous invasion was a significant poor prognostic indicator, whereas age at surgery (≥70 years), pre‐ (<65 mL/min/1.73 m2) or postoperative (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2) estimated glomerular filtration rate and pathological high grade were significant poor prognostic indicators in T1 tumor cases.

Conclusions

Post‐radical nephrectomy renal function insufficiency can lead to a poor prognostic outcome, especially in patients with T1 renal cell carcinoma. Physicians should consider a comprehensive follow up focusing on possible causes of death, including those related to both renal cell carcinoma and cardiovascular disease events after radical nephrectomy.
Management algorithms for primary angle closure disease
Authors: Thomas Ravi , Walland Mark J
Published: September 2012

In contrast to primary open angle glaucoma, preventive interventions in primary angle closure disease (PACD) can sometimes be definitive. Data from randomized, controlled trials – and where this is not available – principles grounded in known biology, biological plausibility, logic, preferred practice and personal experience have been synthesized to develop explicit clinical algorithms for management of the spectrum of PACD. The mainstay of first‐line intervention is usually a laser iridotomy: a commonly necessary but sometimes insufficient manoeuvre in PACD. The crucial stepwise considerations after iridotomy are: whether the angle is open or closed; whether the IOP can be medically controlled; the extent of PAS, and the presence of visually significant cataract. Indication for subsequent interventions – which may include iridoplasty, cataract surgery, trabeculectomy or phacotrabeulectomy – are herein based on an arbitrary threshold (180 degrees) for angle opening and extent of PAS following initial treatment.
Correcting Indigenous Australians' refractive error and presbyopia
Authors: Anjou Mitchell D , Boudville Andrea I , Taylor Hugh R
Published: September 2012

Background

This paper aims to identify the barriers and solutions for refractive error and presbyopia vision correction for Indigenous Australians.

Design

A qualitative study, using semistructured interviews, focus groups, stakeholder workshops and consultation, conducted in community, private practice, hospital, non‐government organization and government settings.

Participants

Five hundred and thirty‐one people participated in consultations.

Methods

Data were collected at 21 sites across Australia. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 289 people working in Indigenous health and eye care sectors; focus group discussions with 81 community members; stakeholder workshops involving 86 individuals; and separate meetings with 75 people. Barriers were identified through thematic analysis and policy solutions developed through iterative consultation.

Main Outcome Measures

Barriers and solutions to remedy Indigenous Australians' uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia.

Results

Indigenous Australians' uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia can be eliminated through improvement of primary care identification and referral of people with poor vision, increased availability of optometry services in Aboriginal Health Services, introduction of a nationally consistent Indigenous subsidized spectacle scheme and proper coordination, promotion and monitoring of these services.

Conclusions

The refractive error and presbyopia correction needs of Indigenous Australians are immediately treatable by the simple provision of glasses. The workforce capacity exists to provide the eye exams to prescribe glasses and the cost is modest. What is required is identification of patients with refractive needs within community, referral to accessible optometry services, a good supply system for appropriate and affordable glasses and the coordination and integration of this service within a broader eye care system.
Clinical advantages of a metal stent with an S‐shaped anti‐reflux valve in malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Lee Kyong Joo , Chung Moon Jae , Park Jeong Youp , Lee Don Haeng , Jung Suk , Bang Byoung Wook , Park Seung Woo , Chung Jae Bock , Song Si Young , Bang Seungmin
Published: September 2012

Background and Aim

Transpapillary stent insertion is the standard treatment for palliating malignant biliary obstruction. However, luminal occlusion often occurs due to sludge formation, tumor ingrowth, or tumor overgrowth. Currently, influx of duodenal contents by duodenobiliary reflux is considered a mechanism of stent obstruction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a metal stent with an anti‐reflux valve in distal malignant biliary obstruction.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients diagnosed with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction were enrolled. This trial was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Korea from June 2009 to June 2011. An uncovered metal stent (M.I.Tech) with an S‐type anti‐reflux valve was placed.

Results

A total of 32 patients were enrolled. The technical success rate of stent insertion was 100%. The median duration of stent patency was 14.4 months. Stent occlusion occurred in 11 cases, which was caused by sludge formation in six cases, tumor ingrowth in four cases, and migration of the stent membrane in one case. During the follow‐up period, there were no episodes of ascending cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, or bleeding.

Conclusions

The new metal stent with an S‐shaped anti‐reflux valve demonstrated a relatively long duration of stent patency. This was attributable to reductions in duodenobiliary reflux by the anti‐reflux valve. Also, the stent with an S‐shaped anti‐reflux valve is technically feasible and very safe. However, further prospective, randomized comparison studies of stents with anti‐reflux valves and conventional stents are needed to evaluate the duration of stent patency.
Epigenetic inactivation of BRCA1 through promoter hypermethylation in ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Wang Yan‐Qiu , Yan Qin , Zhang Jia‐Rong , Li Shuang‐Di , Yang Yi‐Xia , Wan Xiao‐Ping
Published: September 2012

Aim:  The BRCA1 promoter is hypermethylated in ovarian cancer patients. We postulated that this hypermethylation might be involved in ovarian cancer progression.

Methods:  To confirm our hypothesis, tissue and serum samples were collected from ovarian carcinoma patients and categorized according to tumor stage. Healthy or benign ovarian disease tissue samples and corresponding serum samples were used as controls. Breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) promoter methylation levels were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Real‐time PCR was also used to evaluate BRCA1 gene expression, and Western blot was performed to assay the expression of BRCA1 protein.

Results:  BRCA1 showed hypomethylation in 30 normal ovarian and 30 benign ovarian tumors, but showed hypermethylation or methylation in ovarian cancer patients. There was also a significant difference in the BRCA1 promoter methylation levels between different ovarian cancer stages. Compared to stage I and the control groups, there were higher BRCA1 promoter methylation frequencies in stage II and III ovarian cancers. BRCA1 methylation correlated with the loss of BRCA1 expression. BRCA1 promoter in stage I tumors showed hypomethylated.

Conclusion:  Promoter hypermethylation may act as a biomarker for sporadic ovarian cancer progression, but is unlikely to be helpful in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Comparison of risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in Japanese singleton pregnancies
Authors: Shiozaki Arihiro , Matsuda Yoshio , Satoh Shoji , Saito Shigeru
Published: September 2012

Aim:  To demonstrate the difference between risk factors for gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE).

Material and Methods:  Using data from women with no essential hypertension and with singleton births between 2001 and 2005 delivering after 22 weeks of gestation at 125 centers in Japan (Japan Perinatal Registry Network) (n = 241 292), we compared risk factors for GH and PE. Odds ratios were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results:  Of 241 292 women, 2808 (1.2%) developed GH and 6423 (2.7%) developed PE. Thirty‐five years or older, primiparity, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease increased the risk of both hypertensive conditions. Forty years or older was a risk factor only for GH, while primiparity, female baby, and renal disease were risk factors only for PE. Early‐onset was a common risk factor for small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) in GH and PE, but in late‐onset only PE was a risk factor for SGA. The main population of SGA infants was composed of PE cases because PE accounted for 83.3% of early‐onset type before 32 weeks. Girl preponderance in the PE women was observed (sex ratio: boys/girls = 0.904), while slight boy preponderance was seen in normotensive women (1.06) and GH (1.02).

Conclusion:  Preeclampsia is associated with lower fetal sex ratio (girl preponderance) compared to GH or normotensive. Presence of hypertension is a risk factor for SGA in early‐onset GH and PE, and hypertension and proteinuria are risk factors for SGA in late‐onset group.
Alcohol intake induces diminished ovarian reserve in childbearing age women
Authors: Li Na , Fu Shuxin , Zhu Fufan , Deng Xuebing , Shi Xiaobo
Published: September 2012

Aim:  To investigate the adverse effects of alcohol on ovarian reserve in women of childbearing age.

Material and Methods:  Twenty bar hostesses between the ages of 18 and 29 with moderate alcohol consumption for over 3 years and 16 healthy women between the ages of 18 and 28 with alcohol consumption under a healthy standard were recruited. Their ovarian reserve was evaluated by measuring menstrual cycle day three (CD3) serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (TST) levels, and by transvaginal B‐ultrasound examination of uterine size, ovarian size and number of antral follicles.

Results:  Moderate consumption of alcohol significantly increased serum FSH level (P = 0.001), but had no effect on serum LH, E2, PRL and TST levels. Moderate alcohol consumption significantly decreased ovarian volume (P = 0.000) and number of ovarian antral follicles (P = 0.015), but had no effect on uterus size. Moderate alcohol consumption significantly increased the occurrence of menstrual flow abnormalities (P = 0.001 and P = 0.036, respectively), but had no effect on menstrual cycle. The amount of alcohol consumed positively correlated with FSH, and negatively correlated with ovarian volume and number of antral follicles in women with moderate alcohol consumption.

Conclusion:  Long‐term moderate alcohol consumption may lead to diminished ovarian reserve.
Spontaneous cessation and recurrence of massive uterine bleeding can occur in uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after laparoscopically assisted myomectomy
Authors: Oishi Hajime , Wada‐Hiraike Osamu , Osuga Yutaka , Yano Tetsu , Kozuma Shiro , Taketani Yuji
Published: September 2012

A uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) is a rare but life‐threatening complication that can occur after gynecologic surgery. Herein, we present a case of a 38‐year‐old woman who presented with massive uterine bleeding one month after a laparoscopically assisted myomectomy. Although the bleeding ceased spontaneously, a massive hemorrhage reoccurred three weeks thereafter, and a ruptured perfusion sac at the right uterine artery was identified by computed tomography angiography and ultrasonography. The patient was treated with transfemoral catheter embolization of the right uterine artery, and complete resolution of the UAP was successfully obtained. Our case suggests that a UAP may be a cause of unexplained repetitive metrorrhagia after myomectomy.
Intrauterine diagnosis and treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism
Authors: Corbacioglu Esmer Aytul , Gul Ahmet , Dagdeviren Hediye , Turan Bakirci Isil , Sahin Orhan
Published: September 2012

We present two cases of fetal hypothyroidism with goiter which were successfully diagnosed and treated in utero. In both cases, ultrasonographic examination demonstrated a bilobed solid anterior neck mass with increased vascularity compatible with enlarged thyroid gland. Fetal blood sampling revealed hypothyroidism. Intra‐amniotic injection of L‐thyroxin caused a reduction in thyroid gland size and enabled vaginal delivery without complication. In the first case, maternal thyroid hormone levels and autoantibodies were normal and the neonate had hypothyroidism suggesting the diagnosis of dyshormonogenesis. In the second case, the fetus had transient hypothyroidism, which resolved spontaneously after delivery. Maternal thyroid function tests and autoantibodies were normal and both the mother and neonate had normal urinary iodine, excluding the diagnosis of iodine deficiency or excess. Thus, we believe that transplacental transfer of undetermined factors might be a cause of transient congenital hypothyroidism. Also, we reviewed the literature and described controversial issues regarding the management of fetal goiter.
Effective salvage of acute massive uterine bleeding using intrauterine balloon tamponade in a uterine adenomyosis patient on dienogest
Authors: Nishino Kimihiro , Hayashi Kazumasa , Chaya Jyunya , Kato Noriko , Yamamuro Osamu
Published: September 2012

We present the case of a 37‐year‐old nulliparous woman in whom acute massive uterine bleeding during dienogest therapy was successfully treated using intrauterine balloon tamponade. Abnormal uterine bleeding and several cases of profuse bleeding causing severe anemia in association with dienogest therapy have been reported, but this is the first reported case involving hypovolemic shock. While successful control of postpartum hemorrhage with intrauterine balloon tamponade has been well described, applications for non‐obstetric bleeding, particularly in the presence of underlying diseases, such as adenomyosis, have only rarely been reported. This procedure can be easily, promptly, and safely implemented without analgesia, anesthesia, or laparotomy; it can be used with a minimally dilated external cervical os or narrow uterine cavity; and it can preserve fertility.
Efficient inhibition of intraperitoneal ovarian cancer growth in nude mice by liposomal delivery of short hairpin RNA against STAT3
Authors: Jiang Qingyuan , Dai Lei , Cheng Lin , Chen Xiaolei , Li Yiming , Zhang Shuang , Su Xiaolan , Zhao Xia , Wei Yuquan , Deng Hongxin
Published: September 2012

Aim

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays an important role in the tumor formation, prognosis and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. Our goal was to investigate the effect of silencing STAT3 on ovarian cancer cell apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis and expression of key targets in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The ovarian cancer cell lines A2780CP and A2780s were used. STAT3 was knocked down by the plasmid‐based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression system. In vitro, a colony formation assay and Hoechst staining were used to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression level of STAT3 and apoptosis‐related proteins were determined by Western blot. The A2780CP intraperitoneal model was used to evaluate the effect of shSTAT3 on tumor growth in mice. Proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in tumor tissues were measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen, TUNEL and CD31 immunostaining, respectively.

Results

Treatment with shSTAT3 resulted in apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. Western blot analysis demonstrated that shSTAT3 induced the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and reduced the expression of survivin, Bcl‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. In vivo, the tumor weight was reduced to 13.46% of 5% glucose by shSTAT3/lipoplexes (P < 0.01), accompanied with apoptosis induction (P < 0.01), proliferation inhibition (P < 0.01) and angiogenesis inhibition (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

We find that treatment with shSTAT3 inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. This work should provide the scientific foundation for future investigation of shSTAT3 as a strategy for ovarian cancer gene therapy and the combination of gene therapy with chemotherapy.
Umbilical cord presentation after use of a trans‐cervical balloon catheter
Authors: Yamada Takashi , Kataoka Soromon , Takeda Masamitsu , Kojima Takashi , Yamada Takahiro , Morikawa Mamoru , Tsuda Katsuya , Hanatani Kaoru , Yamaguchi Tatsumi , Minakami Hisanori
Published: September 2012

Aim

To examine the incidence of umbilical cord presentation, including cord prolapse (UCP) and cord descent (UCD), after the use of a trans‐cervical balloon catheter (TCBC), such as a Foley catheter and a metreurynter, for the induction of labor (IOL).

Methods

A retrospective medical chart review was conducted, focusing on the occurrence of UCP and UCD in 800 women who underwent IOL with a TCBC at five hospitals during the study period (2008–2009 for two hospitals and 2006–2009 for three hospitals). The five hospitals had a total of 8245 deliveries during the study period. UCP and UCD were defined as the descent of the umbilical cord in advance of the presenting fetal part in the presence and absence of rupture of fetal membranes, respectively.

Results

The frequency of IOL using a TCBC with 70–250 mL of saline varied among the five hospitals from 4.9% to 18.8% (mean ± SD, 10.7 ± 5.0%). UCP and UCD occurred in two and four women, respectively, with the frequency of cord presentation varying among the hospitals from 0.0% to 1.8% (mean ± SD, 0.9 ± 0.9%); the cord presentation was significantly more likely to occur when 180–250 mL of saline was used, compared with when 70–150 mL of saline was used (8.2% [5/61] vs 0.15% [1/662], P < 0.0001). A change in the presenting fetal body part also occurred in 0.5% (4/800) of the women.

Conclusion

The use of a TCBC with 180–250 mL of saline increases the risk of cord presentation.
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND COLLEGE ENROLLMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL EDUCATION LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: FLETCHER JASON
Published: September 2012

This paper uses nationally representative data on high school students to test for several types of social influences on the decision to enroll in college. An instrumental variable strategy is used in order to manage the well‐known reflection problem in social interactions research. Additionally, I am able to incorporate several usually unavailable group‐level factors to reduce the possibility of important group‐level characteristics driving the relationships. I present evidence that a 10 percentage point increase in the proportion of high school classmates who attend college is predicted to increase an individual's probability of attending college by approximately 2–3 percentage points. (JEL I2, J24, J18)
Longitudinal Associations Between Executive Control and Developing Mathematical Competence in Preschool Boys and Girls
Authors: Clark Caron A. C. , Sheffield Tiffany D. , Wiebe Sandra A. , Espy Kimberly A.
Published: September 2012

Executive control (EC) is related to mathematics performance in middle childhood. However, little is known regarding how EC and informal numeracy differentially support mathematics skill acquisition in preschoolers. A sample of preschoolers (115 girls, 113 boys), stratified by social risk, completed an EC task battery at 3 years, informal numeracy assessments at 3.75 and 4.5 years, and a broad mathematics assessment during kindergarten. Strong associations were observed between latent EC at age 3 and mathematics achievement in kindergarten, which remained robust after accounting for earlier informal numeracy, socioeconomic status, language and processing speed. Relations between EC and mathematics achievement were stronger in girls than in boys. Findings highlight the unique role of EC in predicting which children may have difficulty transitioning to formal mathematics instruction.
Changes in Sensory Dominance During Childhood: Converging Evidence From the Colavita Effect and the Sound‐Induced Flash Illusion
Authors: Nava Elena , Pavani Francesco
Published: September 2012

In human adults, visual dominance emerges in several multisensory tasks. In children, auditory dominance has been reported up to 4 years of age. To establish when sensory dominance changes during development, 41 children (6–7, 9–10, and 11–12 years) were tested on the Colavita task (Experiment 1) and 32 children (6–7, 9–10, and 11–12 years) were tested on the sound‐induced flash illusion (Experiment 2). In both experiments, an auditory dominance emerged in 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children compared to older children. Adult‐like visual dominance started to emerge from 9 to 10 years of age, and consolidated in 11‐ to 12‐year‐old children. These findings show that auditory dominance persists up to 6 years, but switches to visual dominance during the first school years.
Continuity and Discontinuity in Perceptions of Family Relationships From Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Tsai Kim M. , Telzer Eva H. , Fuligni Andrew J.
Published: September 2012

The present 8‐year longitudinal study examined how multiple aspects of family relationships change across the transition from adolescence (Mage = 15 years) to young adulthood (Mage = 22 years) among 821 individuals. Results showed that there was more discontinuity than continuity in family relationships across this transition. Whereas a normative decline was evident in all measured aspects of family relationships during adolescence, this decline persisted for only a few dimensions of family relationships during young adulthood. Other aspects of family relationships stabilized or rebounded. There was little variation in these trajectories as a function of ethnicity or gender, suggesting that these changes in family relationships are generally normative. Results suggest that the transition to adulthood is a period of significant transformation in family relationships.
Selective Imitation of In‐Group Over Out‐Group Members in 14‐Month‐Old Infants
Authors: Buttelmann David , Zmyj Norbert , Daum Moritz , Carpenter Malinda
Published: September 2012

Recent research has shown that infants are more likely to engage with in‐group over out‐group members. However, it is not known whether infants' learning is influenced by a model's group membership. This study investigated whether 14‐month‐olds (N = 66) selectively imitate and adopt the preferences of in‐group versus out‐group members. Infants watched an adult tell a story either in their native language (in‐group) or a foreign language (out‐group). The adult then demonstrated a novel action (imitation task) and chose 1 of 2 objects (preference task). Infants did not show selectivity in the preference task, but they imitated the in‐group model more faithfully than the out‐group model. This suggests that cultural learning is beginning to be truly cultural by 14 months of age.
Did She Jump Because She Was the Big Sister or Because the Trampoline Was Safe? Causal Inference and the Development of Social Attribution
Authors: Seiver Elizabeth , Gopnik Alison , Goodman Noah D.
Published: September 2012

Children rely on both evidence and prior knowledge to make physical causal inferences; this study explores whether they make attributions about others' behavior in the same manner. A total of one hundred and fifty‐nine 4‐ and 6‐year‐olds saw 2 dolls interacting with 2 activities, and explained the dolls' actions. In the person condition, each doll acted consistently across activities, but differently from each other. In the situation condition, the two dolls acted differently for each activity, but both performed the same actions. Both age groups provided more “person” explanations (citing features of the doll) in the person condition than in the situation condition. In addition, 6‐year‐olds showed an overall bias toward “person” explanations. As in physical causal inference, social causal inference combines covariational evidence and prior knowledge.
The Overall Effect of the Business Cycle on Crime
Authors: Bushway Shawn , Phillips Matthew , Cook Philip J.
Published: September 2012

This paper analyses the 13 business cycles since 1933 to provide evidence on the old question of whether recessions cause crime. Using data from the United States, we find that recessions are consistently associated with an uptick in burglary and robbery, and a reduction in theft of motor vehicles. There is no statistical association with homicide. These patterns are suggestive of the relative importance of the various channels by which economic conditions influence crime.
Arthritis as an important determinant for psoriatic patients to develop severe vascular events in Taiwan: a nation‐wide study
Authors: Chin Yi‐Ying , Yu Hsin‐Su , Li Wan‐Chen , Ko Ying‐Chin , Chen Gwo‐Shing , Wu Ching‐Shuang , Lu Yi‐Wei , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Lan Cheng‐Che E.
Published: September 2012

Background  Psoriasis is an important systemic inflammatory disease that often leads to severe vascular diseases. This study was launched to determine if joint involvement affects incidence of vascular comorbidities in psoriatic patients. In addition, potential vasculo‐protective effects of methotrexate in psoriatic patients were also evaluated.

Method  A population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance database spanning from 1996 to 2006. Accordingly, 7648 and 284 psoriatic patients without or with arthritis, respectively, were identified. To ensure the temporal relationship between different events, those with date of first diagnosis psoriasis during the year of 1996 were excluded from subsequent analyses. In addition, those with diagnosis of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases prior to onset of psoriasis were also excluded from relevant subsequent analyses.

Result  Taking psoriatic patients without arthritis as the referent group, the hazard ratio for incident cerebrovascular disease was 1.82 (95% CI = 1.17–2.82) for psoriatic patient with arthritis. In addition, psoriatic patients without arthritis who had methotrexate treatment showed reduced risks for incident cerebrovascular disease as compared with those with no arthritis and had received no methotrexate/retinoid treatment. Similar analyses were performed on cardiovascular diseases, and equivalent results were obtained.

Conclusion  Our study indicated that arthritis is a potential determinant for psoriatic patients in terms of incident vascular comorbidities. In addition, methotrexate treatment may be associated with reduced risks for development of severe vascular diseases in psoriatic patients without arthritis. Further studies should focus on the clinical complications associated with psoriatic patients with or without arthritis.
Conservation issues arising from maladaptive behaviours spreading socially
Authors: Krützen M.
Published: September 2012

Read the Feature Paper:The social side of human‐wildlife interaction: wildlife can learn harmful behaviours from each other

Other Commentaries on this paper:Individual dolphins as tools for conservation;Wildlife social learning should inform sustainable tourism management

Response from the authors:Social learning of risky behaviour: importance for impact assessments, conservation and management of human‐wildlife interactions
Social learning of risky behaviour: importance for impact assessments, conservation and management of human–wildlife interactions
Authors: Donaldson R. , Finn H. , Bejder L. , Lusseau D. , Calver M.
Published: September 2012

Read the Feature Paper: The social side of human‐wildlife interaction: wildlife can learn harmful behaviours from each other

Commentaries on this Feature Paper: Individual dolphins as tools for conservation; Wildlife social learning should inform sustainable tourism management; Conservation issues arising from maladaptive behaviours spreading socially
Inclusion of preschool children with autism in Sweden: attitudes and perceived efficacy of preschool teachers
Authors: Engstrand Rano Zakirova , Roll‐Pettersson Lise
Published: September 2012

This pilot study examined the relations among preschool teachers' attitudes towards the inclusion of children with autism and perceived self‐efficacy, as well as demographic characteristics such as teachers' work experience and educational background. The cohort consisted of 21 participants who had degrees in preschool education and worked with children with autism in general preschool/kindergarten settings in central Sweden. Data were collected using the Autism Attitude Scale for Teachers, the Teacher Efficacy Scale and a demographic survey. In general, findings revealed that preschool teachers held positive attitudes towards children with autism, and this was significantly related to the number of credits in special education taken during pre‐service education. However, teachers showed neutral attitudes towards the inclusion of children with autism into general preschool classrooms. No relations were found between teachers' perceived self‐efficacy and attitudes towards inclusion, although a relationship was found between participation in in‐service training and efficacy to make decisions. Implications concerning early childhood education professional development and supervision are discussed.
Care priorities‐ Registered Nurses’ clinical daily work in municipal elderly care settings
Authors: Norell Margaretha , Ziegert Kristina , Kihlgren Annica
Published: September 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 388–395

Care priorities‐ Registered Nurses’ clinical daily work in municipal care settings

Common in Swedish elderly home care is that Registered Nurses work independently, and lead the care team without being a part of it. People involved in the care of the patient can be social services, physician, Registered Nurse (RN), nurses in inpatient care and family. In according to current model for nursing documentation RNs interventions is described as participation, information/education, support, environment, general care, training, observation/surveillance, special care drug administration and coordination. Time pressure is perceived as high, but the nurses have the opportunity to influence their daily work situation and make priorities. The purpose of this study was to investigate how RNs prioritise interventions in municipal elderly care settings. A quantitative descriptive method was used for the study. Data were collected during the months of April and October 2004 – 2008, using a web‐based form. The nurses filled in patient’s type of housing, performed interventions, and if the interventions were delegated. Interventions were described as keywords and were attributed a certain amount of time, calculated in previous time studies. The inclusion criteria were: all patients 80 years of age and older, in a municipality in south‐western Sweden, who received some form of health care from a RN, or performed by non‐certified staff by delegation. Results indicate that differences in priority could be observed, depending on the patient’s gender, or whether the patient was living in independent or sheltered housing. Drug administration was prioritised for female patients, while coordination became a priority for patients living in ordinary housing. Support received the highest priority, regardless if the patient lived in ordinary or sheltered housing. However, it is not entirely clear what support signifies in municipal health care settings, and this issue would therefore require further investigation.
Health‐related quality of life of patients with severe heart failure. A cross‐sectional multicentre study
Authors: Fotos Nikolaos V. , Giakoumidakis Konstantinos , Kollia Zoi , Galanis Petros , Copanitsanou Panagiota , Pananoudaki Evangelia , Brokalaki Hero
Published: September 2012

Background

Heart failure is a serious chronic syndrome that is accompanied by significant physical and psychological burdens, resulting in poor quality of life.

Aim

To assess the quality of life of patients with severe heart failure and its correlation with patient demographic, socio‐economic and clinical characteristics.

Method

We studied 199 patients with heart failure who were hospitalized in the Cardiology Department of three general hospitals of Greece during a 1‐year period. Demographic and socio‐economic data were obtained using a short questionnaire, while clinical data were obtained from medical record review. The assessment of the patients' quality of life was performed using Minnesota Life with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ).

Findings

The mean MLWHFQ score was 62.7 (±20.3). Significantly lower quality of life was found in patients with diabetes mellitus (Coefficient beta (β) = 11.4; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 5.2–17.5), hypertension (β = 10.3; CI, 1.4–19.1), chronic renal failure (β = 13.9; CI, 5.9–21.9), chronic respiratory failure (β = 11.2; CI, 4.7–17.7), cancer (β = 12.3; CI, 2.3–22.4), psychiatric disease (β = 10.5; CI, 0.6–20.4) and those patients who were classified in New York Heart Association class IV (β = 10.6, CI = 4.1–17.0).

Conclusions

The average score of the MLWHFQ was high, and this reflects the poor quality of life of patients. Higher scores in specific patient groups show the negative influence of these factors in quality of life. The holistic care of patients with heart failure by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals could improve their quality of life.
Hermeneutic reading of classic texts
Authors: Koskinen Camilla A‐L. , Lindström Unni Å.
Published: September 2012

The purpose of this article is to broaden the understandinfg of the hermeneutic reading of classic texts. The aim is to show how the choice of a specific scientific tradition in conjunction with a methodological approach creates the foundation that clarifies the actual realization of the reading. This hermeneutic reading of classic texts is inspired by Gadamer's notion that it is the researcher's own research tradition and a clearly formulated theoretical fundamental order that shape the researcher's attitude towards texts and create the starting point that guides all reading, uncovering and interpretation. The researcher's ethical position originates in a will to openness towards what is different in the text and which constantly sets the researcher's preunderstanding and research tradition in movement. It is the researcher's attitude towards the text that allows the text to address, touch and arouse wonder. Through a flexible, lingering and repeated reading of classic texts, what is different emerges with a timeless value. The reading of classic texts is an act that may rediscover and create understanding for essential dimensions and of human beings' reality on a deeper level. The hermeneutic reading of classic texts thus brings to light constantly new possibilities of uncovering for a new envisioning and interpretation for a new understanding of the essential concepts and phenomena within caring science.
The risk of harm to archaeological artefacts in soil from dynamic subsurface pressures generated by agricultural operations: experimental studies
Authors: Dain‐Owens A. , Kibblewhite M. , Hann M. , Godwin R.
Published: September 2012

An investigation was made of the fracture risk to buried ceramic pots and bones from the subsurface pressures generated by agricultural operations. A method for generating subsurface pressures at 0.25 m depth in a soil bin was developed and used to explore fracture failure of modern replicates of ceramic pots corresponding to different archaeological periods and aged medieval human bone. Application of conductive traces to the objects’ surfaces allowed detection of fracturing in real‐time without excavation. Predictive models relating fracture of objects to subsurface pressure application were developed by relating the probability of fracture to observed survival statistics at increasing subsurface pressures. Subsurface pressures of above 100 kPa were sufficient to fracture the more fragile pots at a probability level of 90%. The lowest subsurface pressure causing bone fracture was 280 kPa; however, no relationship was observed between subsurface pressure and bone fracture, probably due to variation in bone material. The subsurface pressures generated and applied are within the range reported from field measurements during typical agricultural operations. They indicate that measures to control the generation of subsurface pressures would be necessary to mitigate risk of harm from agriculture to buried archaeology; for example, via low‐pressure tyres, tracks and appropriate tillage.