bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation status of postoperative rehabilitation for older patients with hip fracture in Kyoto City, Japan: A population-based study using medical and long-term care insurance claims data
Authors: Sasaki Kosuke , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Toyama Mayumi , Ueshima Hiroaki , Ohura Tomoko , Okabayashi Satoe , Shimamoto Tomonari , Tateyama Yukiko , Ikeuchi Hiroko , Murakami Junichi , Furuita Noriko , Kato Genta , Iwami Taku , Nakayama Takeo
Published: September 2024

Continuing rehabilitation after hip fractures is recommended to improve physical function and quality of life. However, the long-term implementation status of postoperative rehabilitation is unclear. This study aims to investigate the implementation status of postoperative rehabilitation for older patients with hip fractures and the factors associated with continuing rehabilitation. A retrospective cohort study evaluated medical and long-term care insurance claims data of patients aged 75 years or older in Kyoto City, Japan, who underwent hip fracture surgeries from April 2013 to October 2018. We used logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with six-month rehabilitation continuation. Of the 8,108 participants, 8,037 (99%) underwent rehabilitation the first month after surgery, but only 1,755 (22%) continued for six months. The following variables were positively associated with continuing rehabilitation for six months: males (adjusted odds ratio: 1.41 [95% confidence interval: 1.23–1.62]), an intermediate frailty risk (1.50 [1.24–1.82]), high frailty risk (2.09 [1.69–2.58]) estimated using the hospital frailty risk scores, and preoperative care dependency levels: support level 1 (1.69 [1.28–2.23]), support level 2 (2.34 [1.88–2.90]), care-need level 1 (2.04 [1.68–2.49]), care-need level 2 (2.42 [2.04–2.89]), care-need level 3 (1.45 [1.19–1.76]), care-need level 4 (1.40 [1.12–1.75]), and care-need level 5 (1.31 [0.93–1.85]). In contrast, dementia was cited as a disincentive (0.53 [0.45–0.59]). Less than 30% of older patients continued rehabilitation for six months after surgery. Factors associated with continuing rehabilitation were male sex, higher frailty risk, care dependency before hip fracture surgeries, and non-dementia.
Hybrid evolutionary machine learning model for advanced intrusion detection architecture for cyber threat identification
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Rani Shalli , Driss Maha
Published: September 2024

In response to the rapidly evolving threat landscape in network security, this paper proposes an Evolutionary Machine Learning Algorithm designed for robust intrusion detection. We specifically address challenges such as adaptability to new threats and scalability across diverse network environments. Our approach is validated using two distinct datasets: BoT-IoT, reflecting a range of IoT-specific attacks, and UNSW-NB15, offering a broader context of network intrusion scenarios using GA based hybrid DT-SVM. This selection facilitates a comprehensive evaluation of the algorithm’s effectiveness across varying attack vectors. Performance metrics including accuracy, recall, and false positive rates are meticulously chosen to demonstrate the algorithm’s capability to accurately identify and adapt to both known and novel threats, thereby substantiating the algorithm’s potential as a scalable and adaptable security solution. This study aims to advance the development of intrusion detection systems that are not only reactive but also preemptively adaptive to emerging cyber threats.” During the feature selection step, a GA is used to discover and preserve the most relevant characteristics from the dataset by using evolutionary principles. Through the use of this technology based on genetic algorithms, the subset of features is optimised, enabling the subsequent classification model to focus on the most relevant components of network data. In order to accomplish this, DT-SVM classification and GA-driven feature selection are integrated in an effort to strike a balance between efficiency and accuracy. The system has been purposefully designed to efficiently handle data streams in real-time, ensuring that intrusions are promptly and precisely detected. The empirical results corroborate the study’s assertion that the IDS outperforms traditional methodologies.
Spatial distribution patterns and factors influencing rural tourism destinations: An empirical study of China’s agritainment resorts
Authors: Zhu Lei , Hu Jing , Xu Jiahui , Li Yannan , Xie Tiantian , Liang Mangmang
Published: September 2024

Agritainment is one of the essential aspects of rural tourism and plays an important role in the economic transformation and revitalization of rural areas. Taking 9200 agritainment resorts in China as a research object, this paper systematically uses geospatial analysis methods to analyze their spatial distribution patterns and influencing mechanisms. The results indicate: (1) All types of agritainment have a condensed distribution in space and are oriented in the northeast—southwest direction, with a central axis generally located in the Beijing–Zhengzhou–Wuhan line. (2) The distribution of agritainment is uneven across different spatial scales, and there are high-density clusters in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Sichuan–Chongqing region as the core, and sub-high-density distribution areas in the Shaanxi–Gansu–Ningxia border, the southern coastal region, and the Xiangan–Jiang–Hubei border, manifesting prominent spatial distribution characteristics of large agglomeration and low dispersion. (3) Agritainment has a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. The Matthew effect is highly significant in space. The distribution of cold hot spots in the agritainment space shows a distribution pattern of "hot in the south and cold in the north." (4) The spatial distribution of agritainment is influenced by human factors such as society, economy, and the tourism industry as well as natural factors such as terrain, water systems, and climate. The intensity of influence of first-level human factors on the spatial distribution of agritainment ranks as follows: tourism industry factors (0.69) > social factors (0.37) > economic factors (0.30). The natural distribution of agritainment tends to be in humid plain and hilly areas with an altitude below 1000 m and annual precipitation above 800 mm. Agritainment is mainly distributed in the subtropical monsoon climate area adjacent to rivers. The research findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the spatial distribution pattern of agritainment in China, promoting the high-quality development of agritainment, and the sustainable development of rural tourism.
Study on water resources carrying capacity based on Pressure-State-Response modeling: An empirical study of the urban agglomeration in Central Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Guan Wenchuang , Wu Guangping , Wang Jing , Rao Biyu , Zhang Bulin
Published: September 2024

Water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) is the basis for sustainable regional development and an important indicator of core competitiveness, and its quantitative assessment and comparison is a key link in clarifying the development capacity of the region. The study comprehensively considers economic, social, resource, environmental and ecological factors, constructs a WRCC evaluation index system based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model, adopts the entropy value method to assign weights to each index, and utilizes the set-pair analysis method and the obstacle diagnostic model to evaluate WRCC of the urban agglomerations in central Yunnan (UACY) in the period from 2008 to 2020. The results show that the comprehensive development of WRCC of UACY is characterized by stage-by-stage evolution in the time dimension, with a decreasing trend in the carrying capacity from 2008 to 2012, and an overall fluctuating upward development trend from 2013 to 2020. In the spatial dimension, Kunming’s WRCC is generally poor, and Honghe and Yuxi have the greatest advantages in water resources storage and conservation capacity. The stress of water use in Kunming is higher, but Kunming has advantages in industrial structure and water resources development and utilization rate. Through the diagnosis of obstacle degree, the main obstacle factors of WRCC have large differences among cities (states), but the main subsystems constraining WRCC are all pressure subsystems. The results of the study can provide data support for water resources related policies and rational water resources dispatching in the UACY.
Cover crop species influences soil fungal species richness and community structure
Authors: Muturi Ephantus J. , Dunlap Christopher A. , Perry William L. , Rhykerd Robert L.
Published: September 2024

Despite the well documented link between cover cropping and soil microbiology, the influence of specific cover crop species on soil microbes remains poorly understood. We evaluated how soil fungal communities in a no till system respond to four cover crop treatments: no cover crop (REF), cereal ryegrass (CRYE), wild pennycress (WPEN), and a mix of pea, clover, radish, and oat (PCRO). Soil samples were collected from experimental plots following termination of cover crops from depths of 0–2 cm and 2–4 cm where cover crops had significantly increased soil organic matter. There was no significant interaction between soil depth and cover crop treatment on either alpha diversity or beta diversity. All cover crop treatments (CRYE, PCRO, and WPEN) enhanced soil fungal richness but only CRYE enhanced soil fungal diversity and altered the fungal community structure. Soil depth altered the fungal community structure but had no effect on fungal diversity and richness. Genus Fusarium which includes some of the most economically destructive pathogens was more abundant in REF and PCRO treatments compared to CRYE and WPEN. In contrast, genus Mortierella which is known to promote plant health was more abundant in all cover crop treatments relative to the REF. These findings demonstrate that cover cropping can increase soil fungal species richness and alter fungal community structure, potentially promoting the abundance of beneficial fungi and reducing the abundance of some plant pathogens within the genus Fusarium. These effects are dependent on cover crop species, a factor that should be considered when selecting appropriate cover crops for a particular cropping system.
Salt stress memory in tall fescue: Interaction of different stress stages, pollination system and genetic diversity
Authors: Safari Maryam , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The effects of salinity memory and its interaction with genetic diversity for drought tolerance and pollination system in terms of morphological, physiological, root characteristics and spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) in tall fescue is still unknown.

Methods

Four tall fescue genotypes (two drought-sensitive and two drought-tolerant) were manually controlled to produce four selfed (S1) and four open-pollinated (OP) progeny genotypes (finally eight progeny genotypes). Then all genotypes were assessed for two years in greenhouse under five salinity treatments including control treatment (C), twice salinity stress treatment (primary mild salinity stress in two different stages and secondary at the end stage) (S1t1S2 and S1t2S2), once severe salinity stress treatment (secondary only, S2), and foliar spray of salicylic acid (SA) simultaneously with secondary salinity stress (H2S2).

Results

Results indicated that obligate selfing (S1) caused to inbreeding depression in RWC, plant growth, catalase activity, root length and the ratio of root/shoot (R/S). Once salinity stress treatment (S2) led to depression in most measured traits, while pre-exposure to salinity (salinity memory) (S1t1S2 and S1t2S2) improved photosynthetic pigments, proline, antioxidant enzymes and R/S.

Conclusion

Salinity memory was more pronounced in drought-sensitive genotypes, while it was more evident in OP than S1 population. Foliar spray of salicylic acid (SA) was almost equally effective in reducing the effects of salinity stress in both populations. The efficacy of application was more pronounced in tolerant genotypes compared to sensitive ones. The possibility of modeling correlated spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) for prediction of different morphological, physiological and root characteristics will be discussed.
White matter disconnection impacts proprioception post-stroke
Authors: Chilvers Matthew , Low Trevor , Rajashekar Deepthi , Dukelow Sean
Published: September 2024

Proprioceptive impairments occur in approximately 50–64% of people following stroke. While much is known about the grey matter structures underlying proprioception, our understanding of the white matter correlates of proprioceptive impairments is less well developed. It is recognised that behavioural impairments post-stroke are often the result of disconnection between wide-scale brain networks, however the disconnectome associated with proprioception post-stroke is unknown. In the current study, white matter disconnection was assessed in relation to performance on a robotic arm position matching (APM) task. Neuroimaging and robotic assessments of proprioception were collected for 203 stroke survivors, approximately 2-weeks post-stroke. The robotic assessment was performed in a KINARM Exoskeleton robotic device and consisted of a nine-target APM task. First, the relationship between white matter tract lesion load and performance on the APM task was assessed. Next, differences in the disconnectome between participants with and without impairments on the APM task were examined. Greater lesion load to the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF II and III), arcuate fasciculus (all segments) and fronto-insular tracts were associated with worse APM task performance. In those with APM task impairments, there was, additionally, disconnection of the posterior corpus callosum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus and optic radiations. This study highlights an important perisylvian white matter network supporting proprioceptive processing in the human brain. It also identifies white matter tracts, important for relaying proprioceptive information from parietal and frontal brain regions, that are not traditionally considered proprioceptive in nature.
Assessment of a local and low-cost passive in-line chlorination device in rural Guatemala
Authors: Locher Jael M. , Robinson Dorian Tosi , Canú Eunice N. , Sanchez Giezy , Herrera Nexan , Muj Mario S. , Crider Yoshika S. , Marks Sara J.
Published: September 2024

Access to safe and affordable drinking water remains a major challenge worldwide, especially in rural areas. While passive in-line chlorination offers a promising approach for providing consistent treatment of water supplies in resource-limited settings, little is known about the factors influencing the uptake and use of these technologies. This study used a controlled pre-post intervention design to evaluate the technical performance and user acceptance of a low-cost and locally constructed chlorinator (the A’Jín) in four water distribution systems in rural Guatemala. Data sources included household surveys (N = 319) and operator interviews (N = 25), with regular monitoring of faecal contamination, pH, temperature and free residual chlorine (FRC) at reservoir tanks, taps and households. Faecal contamination was significantly reduced in water systems actively using the A’Jín device. In these systems, the share of tap and household drinking water samples with detectable E. coli decreased from 28% to 1% and 25% to 15%, respectively. Chlorine dosing consistency with the A’Jín was low, with only 24% of tap samples meeting the recommended minimal FRC threshold of 0.2 mg/L. Overall, the share of users expressing satisfaction with their water increased by 14% in the water distribution systems with the A’Jín and stayed constant for users of control systems. While the device’s low cost and simple design offered advantages over other chlorinators on the market, operators reported challenges with high maintenance needs and frequent clogging. To ensure the future success of passive in-line chlorination for small community supplies, we recommend prioritising ease of use combined with external support for addressing maintenance needs.
Prazeres Falsos, Boas Amizades
Authors: Zingano Marco
Published: September 2024

Neste artigo, pretendemos explorar a análise de Aristóteles sobre a amizade, examinando os três objetos de amizade - a virtude, a utilidade e o prazer. Explicaremos também por que razão estes três objetos da amizade colocam um desafio à definição da amizade como uma entidade comum e singular, a saber, como uma benevolência recíproca e consciente dotada de efeitos práticos. Mostra-se que os objetos da amizade são parte integrante do tipo de relação pessoal que a amizade constitui, tornando impossível uma definição comum.
O COMPONENTE EMOCIONAL DO ENCANTAMENTO DO CONSUMIDOR
Authors: Goulart Diocelio Dornela , Souza Natalia Brito Zuca de , Carvalho Rodrigo Baroni de , Leite Ramon Silva
Published: September 2024

Dilema: O caso de ensino traz como questão fundamental a provocação sobre as estratégias de marketing até então utilizadas pela empresa: serão suficientes para sustentar seu crescimento ou dever-se-ia considerar focar na transformação digital?
Objetivo educacional: Contribuir para que os alunos possam debater questões complexas e propor alternativas sobre o futuro da empresa, considerando a estratégia de negócios, a transformação digital e o comportamento do consumidor.
Contextualização: A pesquisa para elaboração do caso utilizou como coleta de dados uma entrevista em profundidade com o vice-presidente do grupo e uma pesquisa documental, que buscou notícias e informações sobre o grupo na internet e nas redes sociais. Os resultados indicam que a utilização de heurísticas, como a ancoragem, tem um impacto significativo nas escolhas dos consumidores.
Tema principal: As estratégias de marketing de uma empresa de varejo alimentício, o Grupo Supernosso, de Belo Horizonte (MG), considerando a perspectiva do Comportamento do Consumidor. Utiliza como bases a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado e a Teoria das Heurísticas. O caso aborda como as ações da empresa podem influenciar a decisão de compra dos consumidores, como a organização de produtos nas gôndolas e a arquitetura das lojas.
Público: Alunos de disciplinas de marketing da graduação e pós-graduação lato sensu, além de programas de capacitação para executivos de Administração.
Originalidade/valor: Este estudo oferece oportunidades de aprendizagem e debate sobre os impactos futuros em negócios, nos quais o diferencial competitivo é progressivamente baseado nos componentes emocionais da experiência do consumidor. O caso estimula uma reflexão crítica sobre alternativas inovadoras para sustentação do negócio frente às disrupções digitais emergentes.
O PAÍS DE ORIGEM E A CONTRAFAÇÃO NO PROCESSO DE COMPRAS B2B
Authors: Luna Roger Augusto , Paiva Ely Laureano , Beal Partyka Raul
Published: September 2024

Objetivo – Este artigo visa a analisar se a relação entre a origem do produto e a percepção de risco de contrafação afeta a intenção de compra em relações B2B.
Design/metodologia/abordagem – Por meio de um experimento, foram desenvolvidos oito cenários que descrevem uma situação de compra com risco de adquirir um produto contrafeito. Análise de variância (ANOVA) e regressão logística foram posteriormente aplicadas para os testes estatísticos.
Resultados – Os resultados sugerem que a intenção de compra é afetada pela origem do produto. Do mesmo modo, os gestores percebem o risco de contrafação em relações B2B.
Implicações práticas – Existe uma tendência de os gestores analisarem um método de compra observando diferentes variáveis no processo. Ao relacionar a origem do produto com a percepção de risco de contrafação, os gestores de compras possuem forte tendência de não efetuar a transação.
Originalidade/valor – Produtos contrafeitos entraram em definitivo na lista de riscos e devem ser combatidos, pois ameaçam a integridade das cadeias de suprimento. Este estudo realça a importância da discussão sobre produtos contrafeitos e a possibilidade de eles entrarem nas cadeias de suprimentos por meio do processo de compras das firmas.
A hát, az izé és az ugye diskurzusjelölők jelentéseinek ábrázolása a kibővített Natural Semantic Metalanguage modellben
Authors: Marcsenkoné Kondacs Flóra
Published: September 2024

Disszertációmban három diskurzusjelölőnek, a hátnak, az izének és az ugyénak két-két leggyakoribb funkcióját elemzem. Az elemek szerepköreit a saját gyűjtésű, gyermek- és felnőtt nyelvi diskurzusokat tartalmazó korpuszaimban, illetve a MONYEK (Mátyus‒Orosz 2014) adatbázisban vizsgálom meg. Célom, hogy a Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) modell kiegészítésével egy olyan elemzési rendszert, egy saját jelentésmodellt alkossak meg, amely a diskurzusjelölők jelentéseit kezelni tudja. A funkciók pontos beazonosítása után az NSM modellhez kapcsolódó egyéb (pl. kontextuális, strukturális) jellemzőket mutatom be, illetve olyan tulajdonságokkal (pl. prozódia, nem verbális jelzések) egészítem ki még a keretet, melyek segíthetnek a jelentések közti kapcsolatok feltárásában. Az egyéb, modellhez szorosan kapcsolódó jellemzők bemutatása után az NSM nyelvtani készlete segítségével felírom az elemek állandó szemantikai jelentését és speciális megjelenéseiket (Wierzbicka 1976, 1988), illetve a jelentésmodellemben is összehasonlítom a jelölők funkciópárjait. Végezetül a számszerűsített adatokkal rendelkező prozódia segítségével gépi tanulási kísérleteket mutatok be, melyek célja vázolni, hogy a prozódiai jegyek felhasználásával több algoritmus képes megkülönböztetni a diskurzusjelölők egyes funkcióit. Az értkezezés eredményei a nyelvtudomány manapság igen népszerű diskurzusjelölő-kutatása számára hordoznak releváns eredményeket.
Paddy Politics: Is there an Electoral Cycle in India's Agricultural Policy
Authors: Gupta Aadesh
Published: September 2024

Political incentives often motivate adjustments to economic policy that coincide with elections, a phenomenon known as the “electoral cycle”. My paper studies this in the context of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) policy in Indian agriculture. I estimate a state and time fixed effects model for 28 Indian states from 2010-2023, finding a significant rises in the effectiveness of MSP in the lead up to a scheduled election, indicating the presence of an electoral cycle. This finding is robust to different sets of control variables and complemented by an instrument for election timings. My results are consistent with theory on electoral cycles, which predicts more populist uses of economic policy just before elections. Furthermore, my paper adds to literature on electoral cycles in developing countries, a vital area in understanding the intersection between politics and development economics.
SAÚDE E QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA EM UMA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO TOCANTINS, EM IMPERATRIZ - MA
Authors: Silva Aichely Rodrigues da , Silva Marcelo Francisco da , Mourão Ana Carolina de Araújo , Zanini Alana Franco
Published: September 2024

A deficiência em saneamento básico pode resultar em doenças por veiculação hídrica, colocando a saúde da população em risco. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade da água pelas variáveis físico, físico-química, nutrientes e biológicas e pela concentração de metais (Fe, Cu e Al) para determinar o grau de contaminação no Riacho Bacuri, bem como o risco para a saúde humana e para a qualidade ambiental. Nesta pesquisa, os pontos de amostragem no Riacho Bacuri foram: nascente (BA1), médio (BA2), foz (BA3) e RM (riacho do Meio – afluente). Para isso, foram realizadas coleta e análise da qualidade da água para determinar parâmetros físicos, físico-químicos e biológicos. O Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) classificou esse curso d’água com qualidade ruim em todos os pontos amostrais. Os resultados mostraram que a sub-bacia do Bacuri tem uma característica de qualidade de água ruim, demonstrando que há valores elevados em relação à legislação ambiental e que os metais presentes identificados na água (Al, Fe e Cu) não estavam em limites perigosos para a saúde pública. O Riacho Bacuri não dispõe de saneamento básico, o que é prejudicial para saúde ambiental da população, que está exposta às suas águas pelo contato direto e indireto.
Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning System on The Quality of Accounting Information at Enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Dang Lan Anh
Published: September 2024

The research aims to explore the impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems on the quality of accounting information in businesses in Vietnam. Through surveying managers and accounting departments at large-scale enterprises that have applied ERP, the author uses SPSS and AMOS tools to analyze collected data. Research results have shown that ERP has a strong impact on the quality of accounting information. From there, the author proposes policy implications for the Vietnamese government and businesses to raise awareness and apply ERP effectively, thereby contributing to improving the quality of accounting information.
Necessity, the Fundamental Basis of Entrepreneurship Development in Africa: A Survey of Southern Nigeria
Authors: Awodun Muritala , Ajonbadi Hakeem , Bamkole Peter
Published: September 2024

Majority of the people in Africa found themselves in the situation that has made poverty a life-long experience. Individuals, communities and government, having realized this, have resorted to ‘self-help’ survival strategies, communal support and intervention efforts by the government, in their efforts to struggle out of the poverty cycle. Most of these efforts have been referred to as qualified to be regarded as entrepreneurial at different scales, whether tiny, micro, small, medium or large. Underscoring the survival strategies of these majority of Africans are entrepreneurship characteristics which this research set out to measure. To answer the question of this research, we conducted a survey of Southern Nigeria to examine the authenticity of the foundational nature of entrepreneurship characteristics in the entrepreneurship development process. Our results reveal that necessity is fundamental to the successful development of entrepreneurship in Southern Nigeria, hence the submission of the research that African entrepreneurship is significantly necessity-based.
Umbilical artery thrombosis diagnosed by fetal ultrasound
Authors: Abe Yushi , Ueno Kazunori , Tamura Saki , Ariga Haruko , Miyauchi Jun , Nakagawa Hiroyuki
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) is a rare and severe condition associated with grave perinatal outcomes, including intrauterine fetal death. This case report presents the case of a 38-year-old woman (gravida 3, para 1) of Japanese ethnicity, with a history of one spontaneous miscarriage, who conceived through micro-insemination and blastocyst transfer.

Case presentation

Initial patient screening at 30 weeks and 6 days of gestation revealed normal fetal development, with two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. However, at 34 weeks and 5 days of gestation, we observed reduced fetal movements and the absence of accelerations on cardiotocography. Subsequent color Doppler examination revealed cessation of blood flow across a broad area in one umbilical artery and a strongly curved umbilical vein surrounding the blood flow of the other artery. These formed the ‘orange grab sign,’ suggestive of UAT. Evaluations of blood flow in other areas revealed unremarkable findings. We performed an emergency cesarean section owing to fetal distress. The mother and newborn were healthy and discharged as healthy. The 1-month check-up revealed no abnormalities in the child. Pathological examination of the umbilical cord revealed fibrin-based thrombus formation along the length of one artery, confirmed to be an umbilical artery.

Conclusions

In the present case report, we presented the diagnostic challenges of UAT. Furthermore, we highlighted the need for timely intervention by comparing the number of umbilical vessels among previous ultrasound findings and verifying the presence of the ‘orange grab sign.’
Joke synonymy sensitivity among working comedians and the General Theory of Verbal Humor
Authors: Cain Kathleen , Gimbel Steven , Howard Lindsay , Maronna Brittany , Beirne Sean
Published: September 2024

Ruch et al. (1993. Toward an empirical verification of the general theory of verbal humor. Humor 6(2). 123–36.) found that ordinary college students perceived joke similarity in a pattern that largely but not completely matched the pattern predicted by the General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH, Attardo and Raskin. 1991. Script theory revis(it)ed: joke similarity and joke representation model. Humor 4(3–4). 293–47.). Stand-up comedians must not only perform jokes in front of audiences, but must write the jokes they deliver. Joke theft, the telling of a joke written and performed by another comedian without express permission, is a serious violation of community norms. A stolen joke need not have the same precise wording, hence it may be hypothesized that stand-up comedians would develop an increased sensitivity to joke synonymy. In the present study, working comedians rated joke similarity using a similar procedure to that of Ruch et al. (1993. Toward an empirical verification of the general theory of verbal humor. Humor 6(2). 123–36.). While the comedians’ responses did not differ dramatically from those of non-comedians in Ruch et al. (1993. Toward an empirical verification of the general theory of verbal humor. Humor 6(2). 123–36.), their perceived similarity followed the pattern predicted in the GTVH more closely. These findings suggest slightly but not markedly greater sensitivity to joke synonymy among working comedians and offer further empirical support for the GTVH.
Educating and training culturally competent peace officers: challenges and opportunities of the Minnesota model
Authors: Densley James , MacLean Charles E. , Hilal Susan
Published: September 2024

Minnesota has garnered national attention as the epicenter of significant policing problems, most notably following the tragic death of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020. In the wake of this incident, cultural competency, characterized by an understanding and appreciation of cultural differences and the ability to interact effectively across diverse cultural backgrounds, was positioned as essential for contemporary policing. Minnesota State, a system of 26 colleges and seven universities with 54 campuses, educating 86 % of the state’s law enforcement officers, in turn, initiated a Taskforce on Law Enforcement Education Reform to promote this idea. This article situates Minnesota State’s reformative measures within broader police reform efforts in Minnesota, highlighting the unique role that higher education institutions play as catalysts for change. The article critically examines the “Minnesota model” of peace officer education and training, questioning the necessity of a college degree for police work and exploring how degrees impact policing outcomes. The challenges of implementing systemic change within higher education institutions are then juxtaposed with the opportunities they present for creating a new generation of peace officers equipped to serve with cultural savvy. The article offers insights into the complexities of systemic change in police education, emphasizing the role of higher education in achieving a more equitable and just society through the development of culturally competent peace officers.
In vivo evaluation of Cerenkov luminescence and SPECT imaging for nanoscale 177Lu-labeled metal-organic framework
Authors: Ding Wenbing , Lyu Jie , Yu Yuying , Tan Fuyuan , Yang Ai , Lan Tu , Liao Jiali , Yang Yuanyou , Liu Ning , Li Feize
Published: September 2024

Multimodal imaging for precision medicine has received significant attention in recent years. In this work, we proposed to combine Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) and SPECT-CT to systematically evaluate the real biodistribution of nanoscale metal-organic framework (MOF) in murine xenograft model. 177Lu was incorporated into nanoscale MOF-76(Eu)/FA in high radiochemical yield to construct a multimodal probe with physiological stability. Subsequently, the 177Lu-MOF-76(Eu)/FA shows adequate in vitro affinity and cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Furthermore, by comparing the SPECT imaging and CLI, we evaluated the feasibility of in vivo CLI application in preclinical studies of 177Lu-radiopharmaceuticals. The results demonstrate that CLI address some limitations of fluorescence imaging based on organic dye molecule and enable accurate tracking 177Lu radiolabeled compounds in major organs.
Anterior Olfactory Cortices Differentially Transform Bottom-Up Odor Signals to Produce Inverse Top-Down Outputs
Authors: Wolf David , Oettl Lars-Lennart , Winkelmeier Laurens , Linster Christiane , Kelsch Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

Odor information arrives first in the main olfactory bulb and is then broadcasted to the olfactory cortices and striatum. Downstream regions have unique cellular and connectivity architectures that may generate different coding patterns to the same odors. To reveal region-specific response features, tuning and decoding of single-unit populations, we recorded responses to the same odors under the same conditions across regions, namely, the main olfactory bulb (MOB), the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), the anterior piriform cortex (aPC), and the olfactory tubercle of the ventral striatum (OT), of awake male mice. We focused on chemically closely related aldehydes that still create distinct percepts. The MOB had the highest decoding accuracy for aldehydes and was the only region encoding chemical similarity. The MOB had the highest fraction of inhibited responses and narrowly tuned odor-excited responses in terms of timing and odor selectivity. Downstream, the interconnected AON and aPC differed in their response patterns to the same stimuli. While odor-excited responses dominated the AON, the aPC had a comparably high fraction of odor-inhibited responses. Both cortices share a main output target that is the MOB. This prompted us to test if the two regions convey also different net outputs. Aldehydes activated AON terminals in the MOB as a bulk signal but inhibited those from the aPC. The differential cortical projection responses generalized to complex odors. In summary, olfactory regions reveal specialized features in their encoding with AON and aPC differing in their local computations, thereby generating inverse net centrifugal and intercortical outputs.
Experiment se šťastným koncem. Nejen o Spadu meteoritů a o spolupráci Stanislava Libenského a Jaroslavy Brychtové s Karlem Hubáčkem pro interiér hotelu a televizního vysílače na Ještědu
Authors: Palata Oldřich
Published: September 2024

The study contemplates an unknown variant of the artistic concept of the outer shell of the load-bearing concrete cylinder in the interior of the hotel and TV transmitter on Ještěd, and at the same time explains why the author of the building, Karel Hubáček, chose the glass artists Stanislav Libenský and Jaroslava Brychtová to collaborate on this task. Photographs, a painting model and a model made of concrete and glass prove that the original creative solution, in which the architect Hubáček also participated as an author, was too radical for its time, and therefore S. Libenský and J. Brychtová independently prepared a new design. With use of other archival photos, the study shows the complex creative journey of this author pair in the realization of the new version from the source of inspiration, through the painting model and model tests to the original work called Meteorite Fall. With the specifi c properties of concrete and glass in mind, they created a work that resonates with the unique architecture of Hubáček and also enriches it with an impressive proof of unique visual art with timeless validity.
La lectura fácil como apoyo a las necesidades de niños con trastornos del desarrollo neurológico
Authors: Duarte Madrigal Daniela
Published: September 2024

Within the field of accessibility in information services as an important feature for equalizing opportunities, new approaches are opening up to meet the needs of children with learning disabilities. This paper presents the results of a proposal for the application of Easy Reading as an information service at the Biblioteca Pública Agapito Rosales Méndez library. This study was conducted during the year 2022-2023 in the community of Moravia and the public educational centers Escuela San Blas de Moravia and Escuela Juan Flores Umaña (Ipís, Guadalupe), which provide learning support in accordance with the plans of the Ministry of Public Education and the implementation of support services for primary academic levels to assist students facing barriers due to neurodevelopmental disorders.
Through interviews with teachers and analysis of international bibliographic adaptation standards, as well as the identification of the institutional resources of the Biblioteca Pública Agapito Rosales Méndez, a methodology is established for creating an information service centered on easy reading.
This research supports the reading and writing processes, education, care, and integration of students with specific information needs due to cognitive conditions, through the Easy Reading service, interdisciplinary work, and continuous research.
Determination of sixteen woody species’ ability to sequester Sr, Mo, and Sn pollutants
Authors: Yiğit Nurcan
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to determine the most suitable woody species that can be used to reduce the pollution of Sr, Mo, and Sn, which are heavy metals that are harmful to the ecosystem and human and environmental health. Within the study’s scope, samples were taken from the wood parts of 16 woody species growing under similar conditions in Düzce province, which is among the five cities with the most polluted air in Europe. The wood part is the largest organ of higher plants in terms of mass; it traps heavy metals within itself for many years and can remove heavy metals to a great extent. Therefore, plants with a high potential for heavy metal accumulation in the wood part are among the most suitable plants for phytoremediation studies. The study determined Sr, Mo, and Sn concentrations in the wood parts of 16 tree species via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and compared them using statistical methods. Results indicate that Robinia pseudoacacia and Cedrus atlantica species were suitable for reducing pollution by Mo and Sn, while Platanus orientalis and Populus alba species were suitable for reducing Sr pollution.
Preparation of carbon-based solid acid catalyst from rice straw for furfural production in aqueous media
Authors: Nguyen Nhung Hong , Hoang Son Anh , Pham Khanh Duy , Nguyen Trung Quoc
Published: September 2024

A powerful carbon-based solid acid catalyst and furfural were obtained from rice straw (RS) biomass resource. The acid catalyst was prepared through the carbonization and sulfonation of RS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) were used to characterize the catalysts. The effect of sulfonation time (4 h to 16 h) on the structure and acidity of the catalysts was elucidated. After 16 h of sulfonation, the BET surface area and the total acidity of the catalyst reached 415 m2/g and 7.48 mmol/g, respectively. Moreover, strong acid sites accounted for more than 63% of acidity. The catalyst was then used for the conversion of RS into furfural in water. The influence of reaction temperature and time while using the catalyst on the conversion process was also investigated. The catalyst exhibited high activity in the conversion of RS, with a furfural yield of 68.3 g/kg RS at 160 °C in 5 h.
Distinctive features of somatometric indicators of women of the first period of mature age with different types of posture
Authors: Kashuba Vitalii , Samoiluk Oksana , Usychenko Vitaly , Lopatskyi Serhii , Krykun Yuriy
Published: September 2024

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to determine the distinctive features of somatometric indicators of women 25-34 years old with different types of posture.

Material & Methods. The scientific study involved 36 women aged 25-34 years (25-29 years (n=18), 30-34 years (n=18)). The tasks defined in the course of the study were solved using generally accepted methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the selected research topic, the Torso program was used to determine the types of posture, anthropometry. All data obtained in the empirical study were processed using mathematical statistics methods.

Results. It has been established that women aged 25-29 years have more pronounced anthropometric differences, which may be associated with structural features. The fact that women with scoliotic posture have a greater body length and lower Quetelet and Rohrer indices may indicate a tendency towards a taller and slimmer physique, which is typical for scoliotic posture, where vertical "stretching" of the spine may occur. These characteristics of younger women may be important for developing exercises aimed at correcting posture and strengthening the muscular corset, which will help prevent further development of scoliosis or other disorders. As for women aged 30-34, less pronounced or absent statistical differences may be due to the fact that with age, anthropometric parameters become less sensitive to the influence of posture type due to general changes in the body, such as decreased muscle mass and changes in metabolism. There is also a version that the influence of the type of posture on physical characteristics may decrease with age due to the body's adaptation to long-term postural loads or habituation to a certain lifestyle and physical activity. Such data are important for understanding how age and structural features affect physical development and health, as well as for planning appropriate health measures for mature women with different types of posture.

Conclusions. The practical aspects of the scientific work presented above will be the basis for the theoretical justification and implementation of corrective and preventive measures in the process of health fitness classes for women in the first period of mature age.
Semantics of Oblomov’s Image in I. A. Goncharov’s Novel and Criticism
Authors: Rostovtseva Julia
Published: September 2024

The article reveals the popularity of the Jungian approach in studying the image of the hero of the most famous novel by I. A. Goncharov. At the same time, a hypothesis is made about the legitimacy of the so-called “biased” approach to understanding Oblomov, according to which Christian axiology serves as the key to understanding the image of the protagonist. All the following arguments are proof of this thesis. The comparison of Ilya Oblomov with Stolz and Olga Ilyinskaya is revealing and allows to offset their differences. The author of the article proves that, unlike the latter two, Oblomov was not conceited or cunning, and is able not to respond to evil with evil even in the most difficult moments. Even Oblomov’s matrimonial choice, which is often interpreted in connection with the involution of his psyche, seems consistent and justified in the light of Christian axiology: Oblomov chose not only a hospitable, but also a good-natured woman, alien to Ilyinskaya’s selfishness and conceit. In addition, the article considers the parallel “Ilya Muromets — Ilya Ilyich,” supplemented with new observations, and also concludes that the similarity between the Russian hero and the Goncharov’s character is internal rather than internal. Like an Orthodox saint, Oblomov is capable of feats of generosity and love.
Medical Text in Feuilleton Criticism of the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the poetics of the critical literary text. The subject of analysis in the article is feuilleton criticism — one of the leading trends in literary criticism of the early 20th century; the focus of the study is the articles by the leading feuilleton critics of the time. A. A. Izmailov and K. I. Chukovsky. The article analyzes the reasons why medical discourse becomes part of literary criticism. The rapid changes that were taking place in literature at the turn of the 20th century are considered: the emergence of new trends in literature, language experiments, the search for new artistic forms, techniques in literary poetics, and many other processes associated with the modernization of the literary field. The role of fiction in these processes is traced: in many respects it became a source of augmentation of the literary criticism language, a trigger that has launched the mechanism of saturating the language of reviews and feuilletons with medical terminology, which has made medical discourse part of the analysis of modern literature. A number of examples demonstrate the use of medical terminology in literary criticism. Comic techniques, in which medical terminology plays a key role, are considered. Specific examples of reviews and feuilletons that incorporate a sharply sarcastic attitude of critics to frank manifestations of naturalism, are outlined. The author also reveals an evolution of the views of feuilleton authors on medical discourse, as a result of which a serious dialogue between medicine and literature became possible, and medical discourse became part of the poetics of reviews and responses to works of art.
„Katze schreibt man mit , weil es ein Silbengelenk ist. […] Das  sind verliebte Buchstaben.“
Authors: Šutalo Tanja
Published: September 2024

Bei dem folgenden Beitrag handelt es sich um einen praxisbezogenen Einblick in mein designbasiertes Dissertationsprojekt zum Thema „Strukturorientierte LRS-Förderung“. Das Projekt fand im Zeitraum Februar 2022 bis Juli 2023 mit insgesamt 18 Lerner/-innen einer sechsten und siebten Klasse statt. Gegenstand des hier vorgestellten Projekts ist eine iterativ-zyklische Entwicklung und Erprobung eines strukturorientierten Lese- und Rechtschreibtrainings mit insgesamt 17 Zyklen, die an die Modelle nach Hußmann et al. (2013) und Reinmann (2020) angelehnt wurden. Das Lese- und Rechtschreibtraining wurde so konzipiert, dass die Sprachfähigkeiten der Lerner/-innen auf allen drei Ebenen, d. h. auf der Wort-, Satz- und Textebene, gefördert wurden. In diesem Beitrag wird die Wortebene mit dem silbischen und morphologischen Prinzip beleuchtet, um Einblicke in einige ausgewählte Zyklen gewährleisten zu können.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich (schriftliche) Erklärungen bereits wenige Monate nach Förderbeginn geändert haben und bestimmte Rechtschreibphänomene, wie z. B. Silbengelenke, nicht nur lautbasiert, sondern vor allem schriftstrukturell verstanden und erklärt werden konnten.