bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alexander Viktorovich Triumfov (to 120th anniversary)
Authors: Litvinenko Igor V. , Mikhailenko Anatoliy A. , Bisaga Gennadiy N. , Anoshina Elena A. , Guseva Natalia A.
Published: January 2025

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F. Ebert and P. von Hindenburg – two Presidents, two Strategy of Foreign Policy
Authors:   Saratov State University, Luchnikov A. V.
Published: January 2025

The article examines how Presidents of Weimar Republic F. Ebert and P. von Hindenburg created forecasts and planes towards Soviet Russia in 1920s, diversity of their opinions also focuses on German perception of the soviet elite, stereotypes and images that affects German policy.
American Domestic Information Campaigns, 1946–1950
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Boncevich N. N.
Published: January 2025

One of the controversial issues in the American cold war studies still remains problem of public opinion importance for the government in its foreign policies making. Historians try to seek answer on the question: was it really so important for the American government to have people’s support of its foreign policy or it was just trying to have good image of themselves in public opinion, or may be something else? The author of this article makes an attempt to answer this question through domestic information campaigns of 1946-1950 analysis. Documents from the subject files of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs, Files of director of Public Affairs for the Department of State Francis H. Russell are kept in the National Archives and Records Administration, contain data which could shed a light on those processes in the postwar America relating institutional changes in the information agencies and growing government’s commitment to the domestic information control.
Global Labor migration in the world trade system
Authors:   Saratov State University, Cherevichko T. V.
Published: January 2025

Global labor migration is the principal tendency of the current economic development. It is conditioned by the fact that in the age of globalization, the specialization of labor is assuming a transnational character. Labor migration is clause and sequence of the global world trade system.
Suit «tolstovtsa» V.A. Molochnikova (on Material archive Document state Museum L.N. Tolstogo)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Varfolomeev Y. V.
Published: January 2025

In article through prism of the lawsuits is considered philosophicalreligious phenomenon «tolstovstva», as well as situation around
legal responsibility L.N. Tolstogo and his followers. In the centre of
the study – a conflict between personality and power, conscience
and arbitrariness, free thought and semi-official publication, and,
in particular, problem of the spreading tolstovskogo teachings and
connected with this criminal prosecution supporter writer. In article
are considered measures undertaken Livom Tolstym on organizations
of legal protection defendant V.A. Molochnikova. The Study all
vicissitudes judicial hearing is conducted on base of the analysis
of the letters Molochnikova, revealed by author in division of the
manuscripts State museum L.N. Tolstogo.
City Duma and Development of an Elementary Education in Saratov per 1871–1917
Authors:   Saratov State University, Zaytsev M. V.
Published: January 2025

Research is devoted to development of municipal system of an elementary education in Saratov per 1871–1917. The author cites data about number of city elementary schools, quantity of pupils, school premises, structure of the teacher’s personnel, etc. Also in clause activity of the Saratov city duma and also its some members, in sphere of an elementary education is considered.
Internal Dosimetry in Patients Undergoing Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu-[DOTA0-Tyr3 octerotate: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Mahmoudi Elahe , Amoui Mahasti , Deevband Mohammad Reza , Pirayesh Elahe , Asgari Mohammad Reza , Ghorbani Mahdi
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu-DOTATATE (177 Lu DOTA-TATE therapy is a form of PRRT which targets Somatostatin Receptors (SSR). It is a form of targeted drug delivery, which is applicable to treat neuroendocrine tumors. PRRT applications are continuously expanding in most departments of nuclear medicine in Iran, but the best of all, no one has studied the mean doses of organs of the patients. This research aims to specify the absorbed dose to patients for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors using imaging with 177Lu-[DOTA0-Tyr3] octerotate.
Materials and Methods: Whole body planar scintigraphy images were collected for 10 patients, which are used as the basis for the personalized patient dosimetry calculations. The patients had a mean age of 53.5 ± 12 years (ranging from 36 to 70 years) and imaging data were collected at roughly 0 to 2 hours, 4 to 6 hours, 18 to 24 hours, and 36 to 48 hours after the injection of 6401± 628.4 MBq (range of 5500 MBq-7400 MBq) of 177Lu-[DOTA0-Tyr3] octerotate. Models of time-activity were established for different organs. Finally, using absorbed dose formulation and IDIAC-Dosage software, the mean absorbed dose in the organs was determined.
Results: Mean calculated dose in the kidney and liver were obtained as 0.30-0.82 mGy/ MBq, and 1.05-2.11 mGy/MBq, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the results, PRRT therapy is a safe method for the treatment of castration-resistant neuroendocrine cancer patients in terms of patient dose. Large inter-individual differences in organ dose were discovered, highlighting the importance of patient-specific dosimetry and treatment planning in the treatment with 177Lu-DOTATATE.
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Intima-Media Thickness (IMT), as a Surrogate of Future Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Diseases in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Concomitant Celiac Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Alaei Maryam , Hashemi Mohamad Ghazanfari , Miratashi Yazdi Seyedeh Nooshin , Kaviani Mohammad Ali , Asadifar Ali , Moradi Sahand Adib , Langroudi Khazar Adib Moradi , Helali Helia , Mahboudi Mina , Gerami Aynaz
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Intima-Media Thickness (IMT), which is frequently evaluated by B-mode ultrasound study, has been proved to be a reliable surrogate marker for atherosclerosis progression and a predictor of upcoming cardiovascular risks. Sonographic changes of intima-media thickness of carotid artery in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Celiac disease have been investigated separately. In this study we aimed to evaluate the changes in sonographic appearance of the carotid artery and its mural thickness in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and concomitant Celiac disease, as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular diseases.
Materials and Methods: A total of 191 patients including 89 patients with only Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 11 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and concomitant Celiac disease, and 91 healthy control subjects underwent ultrasound evaluation of intima-media thickness of carotid artery. High resolution B-mode images with a multi-frequency linear probe, were utilized for assessing the IMT.
Results: IMT in the Hashimoto with celiac disease group was 0.72 ± 0.11 and was 0.69 ± 0.09 in the Hashimoto without celiac disease group and was 0.63 ± 0.10 in the control group. IMT showed significant difference between the three groups and was higher in the Hashimoto patients compared to the control group (P-Value = 0.039 and 0.028). Moreover, IMT was marginally higher in the Hashimoto patients with celiac disease compared to the Hashimoto patients without celiac disease (P-Value = 0.046).
Conclusion: Patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis suffering from concomitant Celiac disease, showed a more increased IMT values compared to other subjects. This can indicate the potential importance and predictive value of ultrasonic IMT evaluation in Celiac disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis as a marker of atherosclerosis progression as well as future risk of cardiovascular insults.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Mammography, Ultrasound, and Fine-Needle Aspiration in Detecting Breast Cancer in Patients with Painful Breast Masses: A Medical Record-Base Study
Authors: Vafapour Hassan , Borzoueisileh Sajad , Vafapour Fatemeh , Moghaddam Zafar Masoumi , Kargar Leila , Nikeghbali Frough , Barfar Yaghoub , Hekmatifar Amir
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The objective of our investigation was to conduct a comparative analysis of the precision levels of fine-needle aspiration, ultrasonography, and mammography with regard to detecting the presence of breast cancer. The ultimate goal was to determine the most effective diagnostic methodology based on the patient's age and the particular attributes of the mass in question.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 150 patients who presented breast pain within the last six months. Out of the initial cohort, 66 participants diagnosed with breast cancer were included in the study, presenting an age range of 35 to 98 years and a mean age of 53.72 ± 18.26 years. Among them, six were single and 60 were married. The results of diagnostic tests were compared with pathological findings and the final diagnosis was determined using the chi-square test.
Results: The findings suggested that 10% of masses were hyper-echoic and 90% hypo-echoic on sonography. Sonography showed that 53.3% of the masses were cystic and 46.7% solid. Mammographic results revealed calcifications in 24.2% of masses, with 63.6% showing no calcifications. Mammography, with a sensitivity of 87.8%, was the only modality that could detect calcifications.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that combining diagnostic methods enhances breast lesion detection compared to using a single method. This is crucial in early cancer stages when accurate, timely diagnosis is key. This approach improves early breast cancer detection, leading to better patient outcomes.
High Energy X-Ray Detection by MicroPattern Gaseous Detector
Authors: Khezripour Saeedeh , Rezaie Rayeni Nejad Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The paper aims to discuss the response of the Micro-Mesh Gaseous Structure (Micromegas) detector to high-energy X-ray with 2.3 MeV energy using photon to neutron converters in addition to optimization of the detector components by Monte Carlo simulation.
Materials and Methods: Methods of using Micromegas are different in terms of energy and intensity of high-energy X-ray. Response of Micromegas detector to X-ray with 2.3 MeV by different photoneutron converters was calculated by Monte Carlo N Particle X-Version (MCNPX) code. The number of electrons in the drift and multiplication regions and the depth-dose in the various regions of the detector were measured to study the response of the Micromegas detector to high energy X-ray. Also, the thickness of the upper electrode, and the type of gas in the detector were studied and optimized.
Results: D2O with 2×10-5 efficiency is the best target to convert photons with 2.3 MeV energy to neutrons. It is the proper convertor to change the high energy X-ray into a photoneutron that can be detected by Micromegas. The optimum thickness of the upper electrode is 0.0026 cm for air and P10 gas in the detector.
Conclusion: The results show that this detector can detect high-energy X-rays with energy above 2 MeV. The Monte Carlo results showed the output current of the Micromegas detector is 5.12 pA per one input hard X-ray photon.
Sensitivity Improvement of Optical Computed Tomography Scanners for Scanning Gel Dosimeters
Authors: Abdi Aza Ismael
Published: January 2025

Despite recent advances in Optical Computed Tomography (OCT) systems, there is skepticism regarding the sensitivity and performance of these systems for gel dosimetry. The optical sensitivity of gel dosimeters changes at different wavelengths and their maximum sensitivities are achieved at the particular wavelengths. Therefore, the optimal wavelength must be used for optical scanning of the gel dosimeters. Since OCT systems are used for scanning different gel dosimeters, a mono-energy light source would not lead to optimal performance. Commercially available multi-wavelength lasers provide a variety of power and wavelength ranges. Adopting multi-wavelength light sources instead of single-wavelength laser sources increases the price of the system by less than 5%, which is justifiable and ignorable due to the considerably increased performance and sensitivity. In the proposed approach, only the wavelength of the scanning beam would be optimized based on the gel dosimeter type. The rules for determining the opacity of the beam path across the sample are the same for all gel dosimeters. Therefore, the change in wavelength of the scanning beam didn’t change the scanning procedure and there is no additional complexity in the OCTs with the multi-wavelength light sources.
Skupine učencev glede na izvajanje in/ali doživljanje medvrstniškega nasilja: vloga metode poročanja
Authors: Pivec Tina
Published: January 2025

Izvajanje in doživljanje nasilja nista neodvisna konstrukta, zato so lahko mladostniki uvrščeni v različne skupine glede na stopnjo izvajanja in/ali doživljanja medvrstniškega nasilja, to so nasilneži, žrtve, nasilneži-žrtve in neudeleženi. Namen tega prispevka je na podlagi metod samoporočanja in/ali vrstniškega poročanja o izvajanju in doživljanju nasilja določiti skupine ter jih primerjati v posameznih značilnostih. Rezultati so pokazali, da samo z metodo samoporočanja ali vrstniškega poročanja ni ustrezno klasificirati udeležencev, kar kaže na ključno vlogo triangulacije pridobivanja podatkov pri raziskovanju medvrstniškega nasilja. Presenetljivo je bilo zaznati podobne razlike med skupinami, ki so bile identificirane z različnimi metodami. Predvsem nasilneži so tisti, ki so zaznani kot visoko priljubljeni, z visoko moralno nezavzetostjo in hkrati s pozitivnimi izbirami za druženje. Nasprotno velja za žrtve nasilja, ki poročajo o nizki opori vrstnikov in dobrih odnosih z učitelji. Nasilneži-žrtve so bili nekoliko bolj podobni nasilnežem kot žrtvam, vendar je bilo veliko odvisno od metode poročanja. Neudeleženi imajo višjo oporo vrstnikov in so zaznani kot prosocialni. Izsledki kažejo na to, da je nasilje učinkovit način za krepitev socialnega položaja in pridobivanje vrstniške opore, kar bi bilo treba reševati s spreminjanjem razrednih norm.
Kvalitativno raziskovanje medvrstniškega nasilja: izhodišča in utemeljitev
Authors: Usenik Janja , Špes Tanja , Kranjec Eva , Pivec Tina , Peras Igor
Published: January 2025

Medvrstniško nasilje se pojavlja v socialnem kontekstu, zato je nujno, da ta pojav proučujemo v samem okolju, v katerem do njega prihaja. To poglavje predstavlja del izsledkov kvalitativne študije, ki je nastala v sklopu projekta Socialni kontekst kot dejavnik medvrstniškega nasilja: kako z oblikovanjem pozitivne vrstniške kulture prispevati k vključujoči šoli?. Njen namen je bil preveriti, kakšne poglede imajo učenci, učitelji in svetovalni delavci na gradiva, ki so nastala v sklopu projekta in so namenjena preprečevanju ter odzivanju na medvrstniško nasilje, obenem pa raziskati njihov širši pogled na to tematiko. V fokusnih skupinah je sodelovalo 19 učencev, 20 učiteljev in šest svetovalnih delavk. Tematska analiza zbranih podatkov je pokazala, da udeleženci predstavljena gradiva dojemajo kot smiselna in pomembna. Pri preprečevanju nasilja prepoznavajo pomen socialno-čustvenega učenja, zlasti krepitve odnosnih kompetenc. Zbrani rezultati kažejo na pomen skupnega delovanja vseh zaposlenih pri vzpostavljanju šolske kulture, ki si prizadeva za varno in spodbudno učno okolje ter se ustrezno odziva na medvrstniško nasilje.
Wartościowanie poprzez ekspresję i zabarwienie aksjologiczne języka komentosfery Facebooka. Studium eksploracyjne
Authors: Teler Anna , Urzędowska Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

Media cyfrowe są przestrzenią nieustannej negocjacji i dekonstruowania medialnego obrazu świata. Masowa partycypacja użytkowników i użytkowniczek przyczynia się m.in. do powstawania warstwy socjolingwistycznej, gdzie każdy idiolekt, neologizm, językowa kreacja mają znaczenie i dynamizują mediosferę cyfrową. Istotną formą zaangażowania w jej współtworzenie jest komentarz jako forma oraz komentowanie jako proces komunikacyjny. W obrębie ciągle ustanawiającej się komentosfery, którą zdefiniowano w niniejszym artykule, podjęto próbę sprawdzenia, czym jest wartościowanie i jaki ma charakter. Analiza treści wybranej polskiej komentosfery dostarczyła dowodów, że wartościowanie realizuje się przede wszystkim przez ekspresję, ale uwidacznia się także zabarwienie aksjologiczne. Badania eksploracyjne stały się podstawą do sformułowania wniosków, dotyczących deficytów w kompetencjach językowych/komunikacyjnych oraz w kompetencjach cyfrowych. Ujawnia się szereg mechanizmów komunikacyjnych i wyzwań związanych z odpowiedzialną komunikacją w mediach społecznościowych.
Taxing the Wealthy in Lower-Income Countries: Why It’s Important, and How to Do It
Authors: Occhiali Giovanni , Mascagni Giulia , Prichard Wilson , Hearson Martin
Published: January 2025

The world is experiencing multiple crises, including increasing global tension, skyrocketing debt levels, and climate change. Lower-income countries (LICs) are bearing the brunt of these crises. Their finances, both from domestic sources and international aid, are not growing sufficiently to meet their needs. Their expenditure requirements are higher than ever - improving services, expanding social protection, and promoting investment all add to the bill. This policy brief argues that one of the tools that LIC governments have at their disposal is particularly under-utilised – taxing the wealthy more effectively.
Islamic Religious Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Isanovic Hadziomerovic Amina , Isanović Nusret
Published: January 2025

This paper analyses the case of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, examining its historical development and current trends within a unique socio-political and educational framework. By employing a curriculum analysis model, the paper identifies the specific circumstances that have shaped the curricular characteristics of IRE in this country. The findings reveal that IRE in Bosnia and Herzegovina has evolved through a dynamic interplay across various systemic levels, from macro to micro, culminating in a model of education that mirrors the country’s political, societal, and educational cultures. It is identified that the most intensive debates were held in the domain of IRE’s legal status, parallel to which a professional discourse on didactical arrangements, education programs and textbooks, teacher education and professionalization was carried out, although not in the same intensity.
Upaya Perpustakaan Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Baca Siswa Sekolah Dasar Unggulan Aisyiah Taman Harapan Curup
Authors: Rodin Rhoni , Putri Riska , Novita Seli , Nisa Ul Jannah Soliha , Putri Roliansy Genta
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate the efforts of the library in increasing students' reading interest at Aisyiah Taman Harapan Curup Elementary School. The research analyzes various strategies implemented by the library to facilitate and develop reading habits among students. The findings show that students have a very high interest in reading, which is influenced by regular teaching activities in the library managed by teachers and librarians. These activities include three scheduled library visits each day, allowing students to consistently engage in reading. Specific efforts include book analysis competitions with prizes to motivate students and collaboration with the local library to expand access to various book collections. However, the study also identifies the need for reorganizing the library space and updating the service system to enhance comfort and accessibility for users. Organizing books by category is also recommended to make searching easier. These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of library methods in promoting reading interest and offer recommendations for further development
Effect of an 8-week lumbar stabilization and lower extremity strength exercise on lumbar pain and physical function in middle-aged women with chronic back pain
Authors: Ko Jong Hyeon , Park Wonil , Park Hun-Young , Kim Sung-Woo
Published: January 2025

[Purpose] We hypothesized that an 8-week combined exercise program that includes lumbar stabilization and lower extremity strength exercises would be more effective than lumbar stabilization exercises alone in improving muscle stiffness, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, radiographic findings, and physical function in middle-aged women with low back pain.[Methods] Twenty middle-aged women with low back pain were randomly assigned to either the combined exercise group (CEG) or lumbar stabilization exercise group (LSEG). The lumbar stabilization exercises consisted of a 10-minute warm-up, 30-minute main exercise, and cool-down with an OMNI scale intensity of 6–8 for 3 days/week. All variables were measured before and after intervention.[Results] Both groups showed significant improvements in muscle stiffness, VAS scores, and lumbar lordosis angle, with the CEG showing greater improvements than the LSEG. Radiographic measurements of the sacral ala and ilium shadows decreased significantly only in the CEG. Physical function tests including gait speed, balance, chair stand, and sit-and-reach tests also improved significantly in both groups, with the CEG showing more pronounced results than the LSEG.[Conclusion] The 8-week combined exercise program demonstrated promising results, indicating its potential for managing low back pain in middle-aged women.
Characteristics of UHF Propagation Channels Due to the Impact of Vegetation on WSN in The Tropical Forests
Authors: Kurniawati Indah , Akbar Ridho , Astomo Reynanda Bagus
Published: January 2025

Penggunaan komunikasi nirkabel dalam Wireless Sensor Network pada smart garden memerlukan informasi tentang besar redaman yang disebabkan oleh tumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan pengukuran Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) yang diterima oleh perangkat XBee S2C di area Hutan Bambu, Surabaya, untuk beberapa panjang vegetation depth dan tinggi antena yang berbeda. Dari hasil pengukuran diketahui bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara RSSI untuk tinggi antena 1 m dan 2 m, sedangkan RSSI yang lebih baik diperoleh pada antena dengan tinggi 3 m. Antena yang dipergunakan adalah antena monopole vertikal untuk frekuensi 2,4 GHz. Hal ini disebabkan bahwa pada tinggi antena 3 m jumlah tumbuhan yang menjadi penghalang lebih sedikit daripada pada antena 1 m dan 2 m. Dari hasil pengukuran juga diketahui bahwa dengan tinggi antena tersebut paket data dapat diterima hingga panjang vegetation depth 80 m. Kemudian redaman yang dihasilkan dari perhitungan menyebutkan bahwa trend yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan trend redaman dengan  Model Weissberger, ITU-R, dan FITU-R, tetapi dengan nilai yang lebih tinggi. Hal ini bisa disebabkan karena perbedaan metode pengukuran, lokasi, halangan, dan iklim dan cuaca yang berbeda. Untuk memprediksikan redaman pada jarak kedalaman vegetasi tertentu, maka berdasarkan hasil perhitungan redaman dibuatlah suatu persamaan linear perhitungan redaman sebagai fungsi jarak.
The Design of NB-IoT Network for Smart Metering Infrastructure in Residential Area
Authors: Ginting Melinda Br , Larasati Solichah , Hikmaturokhman Alfin , Amelia Noor
Published: January 2025

Berbagai aplikasi Internet of Things (IoT) semakin populer saat ini, karena menawarkan berbagai solusi untuk mempermudah segala aktifitas yang dapat dipantau dari jarak jauh. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) merupakan salah satu teknologi komunikasi Low Power Wide Area (LPWA)  yang dirancang khusus untuk mendukung perangkat IoT dengan konsumsi daya rendah dan jangkauan yang luas. NB-IoT didukung oleh Long-Term Evolution (LTE) dengan memanfaatkan sebagain bandwidth dari LTE dan dengan standar 3GPP Release 13, menjadikan NB-IoT menjadi teknologi tepat guna bagi masyarakat. Smart metering adalah salah satu aplikasi yang menggunakan NB-IoT sebagai gateway infrastruktur untuk konektivitas yang diperlukan untuk menjamin terkoneksinya layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang jaringan NB-IoT dengan skema standalone untuk infrastruktur smart metering di area perumahan Purwokerto. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis kebutuhan jumlah site jaringan dan simulasi kinerja jaringan untuk memastikan kualitas layanan yang memadai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perancangan jaringan NB-IoT mampu menyediakan konektivitas yang handal dan efisien bagi sistem smart metering di area perumahan. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil simulasi perancangan jaringan diperoleh sebanyak 7 site yang mampu melayani area perumahan. Sehingga, diperoleh hasil Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)  yang diperoleh untuk mengetaui kuat sinyal memperoleh nilai sebesar -50 dBm sampai -60 dBm yang mampu mencakup 80% area perumahan
Gravity and Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Shi Jun Ze
Published: January 2025

Inspired by the author 's Riemann conjecture, this paper attempts to solve the contradiction between gravity and quantum mechanics in physics. Guided by Euler 's formula, two important ideas of collision and vibration are introduced. The document deeply discusses the relationship between material dimension and energy, including the stability and change of dimension, the relationship between energy and material, the relationship between time and dimension and so on. Through detailed assumptions and explanations, this paper provides a new perspective for us to understand the complexity of the material world. It is about the relationship between material dimension and energy. It mainly introduces how materials of different dimensions interact, the generation and transformation of energy, and the influence of dimensional changes on materials. The following is a summary of the core content of the document : material dimension and energy, the influence of dimension change, the stability and change of dimension, the relationship between gravitational field and dimension, time and dimension, and the realization of dimension change.
Numerical Analysis of Inlet-Outlet Leg Barriers in Vertical Borehole Heat Exchangers: A Strategy to Mitigate the Thermal Resistance
Authors: Abuel-Naga Hossam , Nishat Asfia
Published: January 2025

The efficiency of heat transfer through borehole heat exchangers is influenced by the thermal resistances of both the borehole and the surrounding soil. Optimizing these resistances can improve the heat transfer performance and reduce system costs. Soil thermal resistance is geographically specific and challenging to reduce, according to previous research. In contrast, borehole resistance can be minimized through practical approaches, such as increasing the thermal conductivity of the grout or adjusting the shank spacing in the U-tube configuration. Previous literature also suggests coaxial pipes as a more efficient design than single U-tube borehole heat exchanger. A novel approach involves inserting a physical barrier between the U-tube’s inlet and outlet legs to reduce the thermal short-circuiting and/or to improve the temperature distribution from the inlet leg in a U-tube borehole. A limited literature exists on the barrier technique and their contribution to reduce thermal resistance. The effects of two different barrier geometries of flat plate and U-shape of different materials, with various grout and soil thermal conductivities as well as shank spacing configurations have been considered in this study. Using FlexPDE software, the study numerically assesses thermal resistances through the borehole. The study focusses on the sole contribution of barrier in mitigating thermal resistance of U-tube borehole heat exchanger. The study suggests that the barrier technique is an effective solution for optimizing heat transfer through U-tube borehole heat exchangers, especially with reduced shank spacing and lower thermal conductivity soil. It can reduce the length of a U-tube borehole by up to 8.1m/kW of heat transfer offering a viable alternative to increasing shank spacing in the U-tube borehole or enhancing thermal conductivity of the grout. Moreover, under specific conditions of soil and grout with low to medium thermal conductivity, U-tube borehole heat exchanger with a barrier between the legs demonstrates a reduction of up to 43.4m per kW heat transfer (22.7%) in overall length compared to coaxial pipes.
Green Plasticizers from Dimer Acids Selected Esters Classified Through the Nile Red [E(NR)] Polarity Scale
Authors: Cataldo Franco
Published: January 2025

Dimer and trimer acids are interesting viscous liquids produced from fatty acids derived from renewable sources. The chemical structures of dimer and trimer acids are known and quite complex and are presented here and discussed and further elucidated through the electronic absorption spectroscopy, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Dimer and trimer acids find a number of applications as such or under the form of derivatives. In the present study, a series of esters of dimer and trimer acids with alcohols from renewable sources have been synthesized with the purpose to be used as plasticizers for rubber and plastics. The polarity of dimer and trimer acids as well as their esters with alcohols from renewable sources (dimerates and trimerates) were systematically studied using the Nile Red solvatochromic probe. The resulting E(NR) values were compared and discussed with the E(NR) values of the most common rubber and plastics. The compatibility and other physical properties expected from the E(NR) scale was studied and successfully confirmed in tire tread rubber compounds formulations and in nitrile rubber and PVC matrices, confirming once again the sensitivity and the validity of the Nile Red solvatochromic polarity scale for the development of new plasticizers.
Medical Errors: An Analysis of Their Definition and Impact
Authors: Sanchez Jose Daniel , Corvalan Alejandra
Published: January 2025

Medical errors are a serious and complex problem that affects healthcare systems worldwide, causing considerable harm to patients and their families, as well as economic loss. This document explores medical errors, including their definition, impact, types, and contributing factors. It also delves into diagnostic error, its causes and consequences, as well as strategies to prevent it. Ethical considerations, legal liability, and the crucial role that communication, training, and technology play in improving patient safety are discussed. The document emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to addressing medical errors, including improving communication between doctors and patients, continuing education of health professionals, using diagnostic support tools, and implementing reporting systems. and learning from mistakes. It also highlights the need to foster a culture of patient safety and the fundamental role of ethics committees in the management of medical errors.
A Sensor Employing an Array of Silicon Photomultipliers for Direct Detection of keV Ions in Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mariscal-Castilla Antonio , Piller Markus , Alozy Jerome , Ballabriga Rafael , Campbell Michael , de la Torre Oscar , Gascon David , Gómez Sergio , Heathcote David , Mauricio Joan , Milesevic Dennis , Sanuy Andreu , Vallance Claire , Guberman Daniel
Published: January 2025

Pixelated scintillation detectors have the potential to overcome several limitations of conventional microchannel-plate-based detectors employed in time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ToF-MS), such as extending detector lifetime, reducing vacuum requirements or increasing the ion throughput. We have developed a prototype comprising a fast organic scintillator (Exalite 404) coupled to an array of 16 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), with readout electronics based on the FastIC application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Each SiPM signal processed by FastIC is fed into its own time-to-digital converter (TDC). The dead time of a single channel can be as low as ∼ 25 ns. As a result, our system have the potential to process ion rates above 109 cm−2 s−1. We have evaluated the performance of our prototype using a velocity-map imaging ToF-MS instrument, recording the time-of-flight mass spectra of C3H6 and CF3I samples. We achieved time resolutions of (3.3 ± 0.1) and (2.5 ± 0.2) ns FWHM for ions of mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 196 and 18, respectively. This corresponds to a mass resolution of ∼ 1000 for m/z < 200, which we found to be dominated by the spread in ion arrival times .
A Systematic Review of Machine Learning in Soccer Betting: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Galekwa René Manassé , Tshimula Jean Marie , Tajeuna Etienne Gael , Kyandoghere Kyamakya
Published: January 2025

The sports betting industry has experienced rapid growth, driven largely by technological advancements and the proliferation of online platforms. Machine learning (ML) has played a pivotal role in the transformation of this sector by enabling more accurate predictions, dynamic odds-setting, and enhanced risk management for both bookmakers and bettors. This systematic review explores various ML techniques, including support vector machines, random forests, and neural networks, as applied specifically in soccer. These models utilize historical data, in-game statistics, and real-time information to optimize betting strategies and identify value bets, ultimately improving profitability. For bookmakers, ML facilitates dynamic odds adjustment and effective risk management, while bettors leverage data-driven insights to exploit market inefficiencies. This review also underscores the role of ML in fraud detection, where anomaly detection models are used to identify suspicious betting patterns. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data quality, real-time decision-making, and the inherent unpredictability of sports outcomes remain. Ethical concerns related to transparency and fairness are also of significant importance. Future research should focus on developing adaptive models that integrate multimodal data and manage risk in a manner akin to financial portfolios. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current applications of ML in sports betting, and highlights both the potential and the limitations of these technologies.
A review of Diffuse Interface-capturing Methods for Compressible Multiphase Flows
Authors: Adebayo Ebenezer M. , Tsoutsanis Panagiotis , Jenkins Karl W.
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses in detail the classification, historical development and application of diffuse interface capturing models (DIMs) for compressible multiphase flows. The work begins with an overview of the development of DIMs, highlighting important contributions and key moments from classical studies to contemporary advances. The theoretical foundations and computational methods of the diffuse interface method are outlined for the full models and the reduced models or sub-models. Some of the difficulties encountered when using DIMs for multiphase flow modelling are also discussed.
Bta-let-7d Modulation of Potassium Permanganate Induced Oxidative Stress in Bovine Endometrial Cells via IGF1R/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Umar Talha , Feng Wen , Zhang Bohan , Zhang Jinxin , Zhou Han , Chen Nuoer , Deng Ganzhen , Xiao Siyu
Published: January 2025

Oxidative stress is a significant factor affecting reproductive efficiency in dairy cows, contributing to conditions such as endometritis that impair fertility and milk production. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms by which bta-let-7d modulates oxidative stress responses induced by potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs). Using KMnO₄ to induce oxidative stress, we observed significant increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, accompanied by decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses indicated a negative correlation between IGF1R and bta-let-7d expression in oxidative stress-affected tissues, suggesting opposing roles in managing stress responses. Following KMnO₄ treatment, there was marked downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes and upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers, alongside diminished antioxidant capacity. Mechanistically, bta-let-7d targets IGF1R, leading to suppression of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and exacerbating oxidative damage. In vivo experiments further confirmed the impact of KMnO₄ exposure on IGF1R expression. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which KMnO₄ induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in the bovine uterus. They highlight the potential for therapeutic strategies targeting the bta-let-7d/IGF1R axis to enhance reproductive health management in dairy cows, offering a promising avenue for mitigating oxidative stress-related reproductive disorders.
Cost-Effective Surface Quality Measurement and Advanced Data Analysis for Reamed Bores
Authors: Jäkel Thomas , Unsin Sebastian , ³ Benedikt Müller , Schirmeier Frank
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a cost-effective approach for the automated surface quality measurement in reamed bores. The study involved drilling 4,000 holes into 42CrMo S4V steel, of which 3,600 underwent subsequent reaming. Utilizing a CNC-controlled gantry coupled with a mobile roughness measurement device through a compliant mechanism, surface data of every bore was efficiently gathered and processed. Additionally, analytical methods are presented that extend beyond standardized, aggregated metrics, enabling the evaluation of correlations to other quality characteristics and sensor data, such as the formation of grooves, positional deviations, and the process forces that occur during the reaming process. This approach aims to enhance understanding of the reaming process, ultimately improving bore quality, reducing component rejects, and extending tool lifespan.
The Road Ahead for Electric Vehicles (EVs) in Developing Countries: Market Growth, Infrastructure, and Policy Needs
Authors: Shamsuddoha Mohamad , NASIR Tasnuba
Published: January 2025

Developing nations like Bangladesh have yet to adopt hybrid electrical vehicles (EVs) for goods carrying causes, whereas environmental pollution and fuel costs are hitting hard. The electrically powered cars and trucks market promises an excellent opportunity for environmentally friendly transportation. However, these countries' inadequate infrastructure, substantial initial expenses, and insufficient policies impeding widespread acceptance hold market growth back. This paper examines the current status of the electric car market in developing nations, focusing on the infrastructure and regulatory framework-related barriers and the growth-promoting aspects. To promote an expanding hybrid and EV ecosystem, this article outlines recent studies and identifies critical regions where support for policy and infrastructural developments are needed. It discusses how developing nations may adapt successful international practices to suit their specific needs. At the same time, the research adopted system dynamics and case study methods to assess a transportation fleet and find the feasibility of adopting EVs. Several instances are improving infrastructures for recharging, providing incentives for lowering the adoption process cost and creating appropriate regulatory structures that promote corporate and consumer involvement. Findings highlight how crucial it is for governments, businesses, customers, and international bodies to collaborate with each other to build an affordable and sustainable EV network. The investigation concludes with recommendations for more research and appropriate regulations that may accelerate the adoption of EVs, reduce their adverse impacts on the environment, and promote economic growth.
A Wearable Microphone Array Helmet for Automotive Applications
Authors: Toscani Andrea , Pinardi Daniel , Binelli Marco , Farina Angelo , Park Jong-Suh
Published: January 2025

A growing interest in microphone arrays technology has been observed in the automotive industry, e.g. for the development of immersive infotainment systems or Active Noise Control (ANC) systems. However, the human presence always limits the usage of microphone arrays in driving conditions at driver seat. The latter being often the most important position of the car cabin, a wearable microphone array is particularly interesting. In this paper, a wearable helmet microphone array is presented: it features 32 microphones arranged over the surface of a helmet, which also integrates a specifically designed Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, delivering digital signals over the Automotive Audio Bus (A2B). Digital signals are collected using a control unit located in the passenger compartment, that can either deliver digital signals to a personal computer or analog signals to an external acquisition system, by means of Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converters. A prototype was built and acoustically characterized to calculate the beamforming matrix required to convert the recordings (pressure signals) into Ambisonics signals (a spatial audio format). The proposed solution was compared to the reference spherical microphone array of the last decade, demonstrating a much better performance in sound source localization at low frequencies, where ANC systems are mainly effective.
Metadynamic Recrystallization in the Isothermal Double Compression of CP800 Steel
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Mi Zhenli , Mu Wangzhong
Published: January 2025

The production of automotive steel sheets achieved by the compact steel production (CSP) process has become an ongoing research topic in industry due to the global demand for decarbonization. Identifying the hot deformation behaviors, especially the metadynamic softening mechanism between passes is critical to drawing the picture of processability under the character of the CSP process. In this study, the metadynamic softening behavior of CP800 steel which is prepared for the application CSP process was investigated through the isothermal double compression tests which were carried out at the deformation temperatures of 1173, 1273, and 1373 K, and strain rates of 0.1,1, and 5.0 s−1, and the interpass times of 1, 10, and 20 s. The softening behavior was discussed through the deformation flow stress-strain curves under different conditions. The kinetic equation of metadynamic recrystallization is proposed and examined with experimental results. The effect of 42 μm and 92 μm two different sizes of initial austenite grains on metadynamic recrystallization were analyzed. The obtained findings of this study are highly recommended for the design and optimization of the application of the CSP process when producing CP800 steel.
Fintech Applications: Gearing for Social Problem Solving in India
Authors: T Sai Rama Kanth
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Fintech (financial era) is emerging as a powerful catalyst for addressing social challenges in India. by way of mixing era with economic services, fintech is riding financial inclusion, empowering micro and small establishments (MSMEs), transforming agriculture, improving healthcare accessibility, and promoting gender equality. virtual price systems and cell banking offerings are enabling the unbanked to participate within the formal economic system, whilst fintech-driven lending platforms are presenting capital to underserved MSMEs. In agriculture, fintech is offering tailored financial merchandise and market get admission to to farmers, improving rural livelihoods. moreover, fintech is intersecting with health tech to make healthcare cheap and available, and micro-insurance products are protective low-income populations. Fintech platforms also are empowering girls with economic tools and fostering social impact through crowdfunding and effect making an investment. As fintech maintains to evolve, its potential to resolve India’s social problems and promote inclusive growth remains enormous.
Mammea siamensis Flower Extract Induced Cell Death Apoptosis in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells via Vacuolar-Type H+-ATPase Inhibition Associated with GSK-3β/β-Catenin, PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sitthisuk Pornnapa , Poorahong Watcharaporn , Innajak Sukanda , Krajarng Aungkana , Samosorn Siritron , Watanapokasin Ramida
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective: Mammea siamensis (MS) is a Thai herb used in traditional medicine. Previous studies have reported the antiproliferative effects of its constituents in various cancer cell lines. However, the effects of MS extract on cytotoxicity and mo-lecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction in HCT116 colon cancer cells have not been fully explored. Methods and Results: The cytotoxic effect of MS extract on HCT116 cells was assessed using the MTT assay. MS extract increased cytotoxicity in a concentra-tion-dependent manner. It also induced nuclear morphological changes and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), as assessed by Hoechst 33342 and JC-1 staining, respectively. These findings indicated that MS extract induced apoptosis, which was further confirmed by flow cytometry showing an increase in the sub-G1 phase. To investigate the expression of signaling proteins, western blot analysis was conducted. The results showed that MS extract activated caspase activity (caspase-8, -9, and -7) and inhibited PARP activity. Additionally, MS extract upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins (tBid, Bak, and cytochrome c) while downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). Mechanistic studies revealed that MS extract activated MAPK pathways while inactivating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and GSK-3β/β-catenin pathways. Notably, MS extract also inhibited V-ATPases, as evaluated by acridine orange staining and western blot analysis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that MS extract induces apoptosis via the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways associated with the key signaling pathways. Therefore, MS extract shows potential as a therapeutic agent for colon cancer.
Environmental suitability to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Kazakhstan using data on Eurasian outbreaks 2020 - 2024
Authors: Abenova Asem Zh , Mukhanbetkaliyev Yersyn Y , Kadyrov Ablaikhan S , Sytnik Igor , Shevtsov Alexander B , Korennoy Fedor I , Perez Andres M , Abdrakhmanov Sarsenbay K
Published: January 2025

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a highly contagious disease of domestic, synanthropic, and wild birds that has demonstrated a sharp rise globally since 2020. The study here is intended to assess the quality of reporting HPAI outbreaks in Kazakhstan using outbreaks’ location in neighboring countries (2020 – 2024) as training data to build an ecological niche model of suitability to the disease in the country. Afghanistan, China, Hong Kong, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and Russia were chosen as training countries for fitting a Maximum entropy (Maxent) model, which was then tested using the locations of HPAI outbreaks in Kazakhstan. The results suggest good performance of the model in explaining Kazakhstani outbreaks (test AUC = 0.88 vs AUC=0.93 for training data). HPAI outbreaks reported in Kazakhstan fall mainly in areas treated as highly suitable by the model. The number of outbreaks per each analyzed country is also well explained by a summary area of suitable places per country as predictor (p