bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodyki późnej epoki stanisławowskiej jako źródła dla historyka prawa ustrojowego. O „Gazecie Narodowej i Obcej” oraz „Pamiętniku Historyczno-Polityczno-Ekonomicznym”
Authors: Tarnowska Anna
Published: October 2018

The following contribution is devoted to the informative and political journalism of the Stanislaw II Augustus era. It may constitute a secondary source for the research of law historians, particularly in the studies of the history of the system of government. Among other things, the article refers to “The Index of Bills” (Polish Seriarz Projektów do Prawa) which may be regarded as the first Polish legal periodical. Special attention is devoted to two landmark journals of the Great Sejm period, namely “The National and Foreign Newspaper” (Polish Gazeta Narodowa i Obca) and “The Historical, Political and Economical Journal” (Polish Pamiętnik Historyczno-Polityczno-Ekonomiczny), as well as to their editors. “The National and Foreign Newspaper” became the most popular contemporary periodical (1791-1792) which promulgated the subject matter of the proceedings and the effects of the legislative work of the Great Sejm. Moreover, it was shaping political sympathies of its readers in a relatively subtle way. On the other hand, particular commitment to politics and social policy was expressed by Piotr Świtkowski who was the editor and the publisher of “The Historical, Political and Economical Journal” (1782-1792). The end of both publications was brought about by the legal acts of the Targowica Confederation.
Rodzaje kapitalizmu akademickiego i uniwersytetów przedsiębiorczych. O przeszłych badaniach i trzech eksperymentach myślowych
Authors: Jessop Bob
Published: October 2018

Artykuł rozpoczyna się krótkim sprawozdaniem ze stanu badań nad rozwojem koncepcji gospodarki opartej na wiedzy (tutaj analizowanej jako „ekonomiczne imaginaria”) i wpływie tych koncepcji na to, jak siły społeczne, zarówno wewnątrz, jak i na zewnątrz akademii, usiłowały przeorganizować szkolnictwo wyższe i badania w odpowiedzi na realne i dostrzegalne wyzwania i kryzysy porządku kapitalistycznego, począwszy od połowy lat 70. XX wieku. Sprawozdanie to dostarcza historycznego kontekstu trzem „eksperymentom myślowym”, które skupiają się na różnych aspektach wyłaniania się kapitalizmu akademickiego. Pierwszy opiera się na argumencie reductio ad absurdum i rozważa kolejne, możliwe etapy ekonomizacji, urynkowienia i finansjalizacji kształcenia i badań. Argument ten jest ilustrowany ostatnimi zmianami w szkolnictwie wyższym. Drugi określa rzeczywiste strategie uniwersytetu przedsiębiorczego i ich rolę w kształtowaniu kapitalizmu akademickiego. Trzeci ma charakter spekulacyjny i dotyczy możliwych form „politycznego” kapitalizmu akademickiego, jak również zmieniającej się pozycji tych form względem innych trendów przywoływanych w eksperymentach myślowych. Artykuł zamykają propozycje programu badawczego, który przekracza eksperymenty myślowe i zmierza w stronę konkretnych badań empirycznych.
Rady powiernicze w szkolnictwie wyższym
Authors: Antonowicz Dominik
Published: October 2018

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są rady powiernicze w europejskim szkolnictwie wyższym. Analiza obejmuje proces kształtowania się idei rad w różnych tradycjach szkolnictwa wyższego, zwracając szczególną uwagę na rolę, jaką im przypisywano w budowaniu relacji między uczelniami a otoczeniem zewnętrznym. Praca nie ma wyłącznie charakteru historycznego, choć jej duża część poświęcona jest analizie dyskursu dotyczącego procesu powoływania i organizacji rad powierniczych w europejskich uczelniach. Jej centralnym elementem jest analiza modeli rad powierniczych w uczelniach pod względem posiadanej władzy oraz odpowiedzialności, sposobu mianowania/odwoływania ich członków, rozliczania rady powierniczej, a nade wszystko ich składu,w tym zwłaszcza udziału reprezentantów zewnętrznych interesariuszy. W ostatniej części – nawiązując do doświadczeń innych krajów – poruszona zostaje kwestia potencjalnych wyzwań, jakiewynikają dla polskiego szkolnictwa wyższego w związku z publicznie dyskutowaną możliwościąpowołania rad powierniczych w polskich uczelniach
Kultura Lean Management w polskich szkołach wyższych (wyniki badań pilotażowych)
Authors: Maciąg Justyna
Published: October 2018

Brak powiązania wdrażania Lean Management ze zmianą kultury organizacyjnej obniża trwałość efektów restrukturyzacji oraz nie przyczynia się do doskonalenia procesów w szkole wyższej w długiej perspektywie. W artykule przestawiono wyniki badań, których celem była identyfikacja cech kultury organizacyjnej szkół wyższych w kontekście wdrażania koncepcji LM oraz określenie zakresu niezbędnych zmian. W badaniach zastosowano metody analizy literatury przedmiotu, badań ankietowych (przeprowadzonych w szkołach wyższych z wykorzystaniem wymiarów Kultury Lean opisanych w książce The Toyota Way Likerta), wywiadów z pracownikami oraz doświadczenia własne autorki. Wyniki badań ankietowych potwierdzają postawioną hipotezę, że kultura organizacyjna badanych szkół stanowi barierę we wdrażaniu Lean Management. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy regresji można stwierdzić, że zmiennymi, które w istotny sposób różnicują wyniki ankiety są: rodzaj szkoły, funkcja oraz staż pracy. Wywiady wskazują, że zmiana techniczno-organizacyjna przebiega równolegle i jest zintegrowana ze zmianą społeczną, tylko wtedy kiedy projekty są wdrażane z przyjęciem podejścia oddolnego. Wyniki badania jednoznacznie wskazują, że zastosowanie paradygmatu funkcjonalistycznego w badaniu kultury organizacyjnej uczelni jest niewystarczające, gdyż nie pozwala, dostrzec w pełni innych składników i obszarów Kultury Lean. Dlatego postuluje się rozszerzenie perspektywy badawczej o podejście humanistyczne oparte na paradygmacie interpretatywnym.
Aplicação de métodos heurísticos de otimização na produção de hidrogênio por reforma a vapor
Authors: Reis Taline V. G. , Guimarães André S , Netto Leonardo Dantas Souza , Santana Pedro Leite de , Silva Antônio Santos , Pagano Rogério Luz
Published: October 2018

A disponibilidade de inúmeras fontes de gás natural torna viável a utilização de diferentes processos de produção de hidrogênio, insumo este empregado na obtenção dos mais diversos produtos (e.g., fertilizantes, combustíveis, lubrificantes, polímeros, etc). Dentre estes processos, os reatores de reforma são os mais utilizados industrialmente para produção de hidrogênio. Pretendendo maximizar a produtividade e a eficiência energética, as técnicas de fluidodinâmica computacionais são amplamente utilizadas para avaliar o desempenho dos processos sem o custo de implementação do projeto real. O presente trabalho objetivou simular, aplicando o software ANSYS- CFX, o processo de produção de hidrogênio a partir da reforma a vapor do metano utilizando um reator com membrana, visando realizar a produção e separação no mesmo equipamento, além de determinar as condições ótimas de operação. As técnicas de otimização Algoritmo Genético e Enxame de Partículas foram aplicadas e comparadas na investigação das condições de otimalidade do processo. As condições ótimas de temperatura operacional e razão molar de alimentação H2O/CH4 encontradas foram 873,15 K e 6, respectivamente, fornecendo 96,38 % de conversão de metano e 64,05 % de recuperação de hidrogênio, corroborando a eficiência das técnicas aplicadas.
Utilização de resíduos lignocelulósicos na produção de celulases por Aspergillus niger em fermentação em estado sólido
Authors: Cavalcante Paula Acioly Wanderley , Coêlho Diego Freitas , Silva Cristina Ferraz , Abud Ana Karla de Souza , Souza Roberto Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

A biomassa vegetal é um recurso orgânico renovável e abundante, rica em componentes como celulose, hemicelulose e lignina. Este material é aproveitado como substrato na produção de celulases, pois a celulose presente pode ser convertida em carboidratos e, por meio de processos fermentativos, em combustíveis e outros produtos de alto valor agregado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o potencial dos resíduos de folhas, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e sabugo de milho na produção de celulases a partir do fungo A. niger por cultivo em estado sólido. O processo fermentativo foi realizado em Erlenmeyers de 250 mL, contendo 7,5 g de substrato e volume de solução nutriente suficiente para atingir 55% de umidade. Os frascos foram incubados a 30 ºC durante 120 h. O perfil cinético foi delineado a partir das atividades enzimáticas de celulase total (FPase) e endoglucanase (CMCase), dos açúcares redutores totais (ART) e do crescimento microbiano. Para as folhas, as maiores atividades foram obtidas em 48 e 72 h, com 0,78 ± 0,00 U/g para FPase e 1,53 ± 0,01 U/g para CMCase, respectivamente. No caso do bagaço de cana, a FPase atingiu maior atividade em 120 h (1,09 ± 0,01 U/g), enquanto a CMCase foi maior em 72 h (2,40 ± 0,02 U/g). O sabugo de milho exibiu maior atividade em 120 h para a FPase (1,06 ± 0,01U/g) e em 96 h para CMCase (3,37 ± 0,02 U/g). Os resultados indicaram a capacidade do fungo de produzir celulases nos resíduos e em curtos tempos de incubação.
The variational 1-capacity and BV functions with zero boundary values on doubling metric spaces
Authors: Lahti Panu
Published: October 2018

In the setting of a metric space that is equipped with a doubling measure and supports a Poincaré inequality, we define and study a class ofBV{\mathrm{BV}}functions with zero boundary values. In particular, we show that the class is the closure of compactly supportedBV{\mathrm{BV}}functions in theBV{\mathrm{BV}}norm. Utilizing this theory, we then study the variational 1-capacity and its Lipschitz andBV{\mathrm{BV}}analogs. We show that each of these is an outer capacity, and that the different capacities are equal for certain sets.
Labour Consumption of Production of Selected Fruit
Authors: Kowalczyk Zbigniew , Grotkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: October 2018

The objective of the paper was to analyse the expenditures of labour in production of three selected fruit types (apples, black currant and gooseberry) including, inter alia, in relation to the surface area of a plantation. The total inputs of labour were calculated with a division into manual and mechanized works. Moreover, a detailed structure of manual and mechanized works was presented. It was stated, inter alia, that labour consumption of apple production is approximately four times higher in comparison to black currant and gooseberry. No impact of the plantation size on the total work inputs on fruit production was reported.
Wicking Behaviors of Ring and Compact-Siro Ring Spun Yarns with Different Twists
Authors: Lu Yuzheng , Wang Yang , Gao Weidong
Published: October 2018

In this study, the wicking properties of ring and compact-siro ring spun staple yarns were compared. The twist level, which is related to the structure of the staple yarns, was found to significantly influence the wicking property of the two kinds of yarn. Polyester staple fibers with 1.33 dtex × 38 mm were selected as the staple fiber material, and the effect of the twist level on the wicking property was investigated using the capillary rise method. The results show that with a decreasing twist coefficient, the wicking height increases with a decrease in yarn compactness. The compact-siro spun yarn showed better wicking properties owing to it special ply yarn structure. Furthermore, the tension property of the yarns decreased significantly with a decrease in the twist coefficient. Compact-siro spinning was carried out to obtain staple yarns with lower twist coefficients, and the yarns showed great improvement in terms of yarn strength, fiber straightness, and wicking properties. Thus, compact-siro spinning is an efficient method to improve the wicking properties of staple yarns.
Plant diversity and dynamics in chalk quarries on the islands of Rügen and Wolin (Western Pomerania/Germany and Poland)
Authors: König Peter
Published: October 2018

Chalk mining industry in Western Pomerania reflects a history of almost 300 years, and has left behind a typical post-mining landscape. Thus, more than 50 formerly exploited areas are known on the islands of Rügen and Wolin. Historical quarry sizes range from 0.1 to 42 hectares, the median is 1.3. Chalk quarries are recolonised by a wide range of species and develop attractive and species-rich communities. To the extent that recolonisation progresses, they act as refugia for rare or local species. Currently, a total of 543 vascular plant species are found in these chalk quarries. Species number ranges from 97 to 218 in thoroughly studied sites, with a median of 138. Of the total floristic inventory, 67% are indigenous species, 18% are archaeophytes and 12% neophytes. Quarries abandoned long ago and remotely situated are home to nearly 90% indigenophytes, whereas those quarries close to settlements or with easy access are tendentially characterised by numerous synanthropic plants. 100 species overall (= 18.4%) belong to Red List categories of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In 22 quarries studied in more detail, Red List percentages show a spectrum from 3.7 to 23.5%, and higher values are found in sites with open habitats and considerable biotope diversity. Among vegetation types, the anthropo-zoogenic heathland and grassland harbours 40% Red List species and occupies the first place concerning nature conservation aspects. A noteworthy percentage of endangered plants is found in fresh-water and bog vegetation, as some quarries are in contact with the aquifer. Succession was and is the impetus for vegetation development. A transect exemplarily demonstrates the vegetation zonation within a chalk quarry and distinguishes headslope, backslope, and footslope and the quarry floor. The respective plant communities are classified into Cornus sanguinea bush stage, Picris hieracioides-Daucus carota community, and basiphilous mesoxerophytic grassland.
Ordinary K3 surfaces over a finite field
Authors: Taelman Lenny
Published: October 2018

We give a description of the category of ordinary K3 surfaces over a finite field in terms of linear algebra data over

𝐙

{{\mathbf{Z}}}

. This gives an analogue for K3 surfaces of Deligne’s description of the category of ordinary abelian varieties over a finite field, and refines earlier work by N.O. Nygaard and J.-D. Yu.
Our main result is conditional on a conjecture on potential semi-stable reduction of K3 surfaces over p-adic fields. We give unconditional versions for K3 surfaces of large Picard rank and for K3 surfaces of small degree.
When are Purely Predictive Models Best?
Authors: Northcott Robert
Published: October 2018

Can purely predictive models be useful in investigating causal systems? I argue “yes”. Moreover, in many cases not only are they useful, they are essential. The alternative is to stick to models or mechanisms drawn from well-understood theory. But a necessary condition for explanation is empirical success, and in many cases in social and field sciences such success can only be achieved by purely predictive models, not by ones drawn from theory. Alas, the attempt to use theory to achieve explanation or insight without empirical success therefore fails, leaving us with the worst of both worlds—neither prediction nor explanation. Best go with empirical success by any means necessary. I support these methodological claims via case studies of two impressive feats of predictive modelling: opinion polling of political elections, and weather forecasting.
The North seen from the South in the Spanish reception of Selma Lagerlöf
Authors: Bergenmar Jenny
Published: October 2018

When Selma Lagerlöf became a Nobel laureate in 1909, her works were translated into new languages and introduced to countries, including Spain, where she had previously been unknown. This article traces the image of Sweden and Scandinavia reflected in Selma Lagerlöf’s reception in Spanish newspapers and periodicals around 1910. The idea of a distinctive Nordic or Scandinavian identity is discernible in the critics’ characterizations of Lagerlöf’s works; however, there is tension between their presentations of Lagerlöf as a representative of the region of Scandinavia or the North in general versus just one nation (Sweden) or province (Värmland). Building on research in imagology and literary transfer, this article investigates how and which regional, national, and provincial identities, geographies, and stereotypes of North and South were activated in support of a particular idea of the author.
Stripping H.C. Andersen. Peter Madsen’s Historien om en mor (or, what a graphic novel adaptation can do that its literary source cannot)
Authors: Storskog Camilla
Published: October 2018

This article addresses the transposition of H.C. Andersen’s literary production to comics and graphic novels; a vast, though little explored, field of research. It furnishes a brief overview of the work done by comic art creators in approaching the adaptation of Andersen, and proceeds to analyse Historien om en mor, Peter Madsen’s 2004 graphic novel adaptation of Andersen’s Historien om en Moder from 1848. As Madsen’s version is predominantly visual, employing images and sequences rather than words in the re-telling of the fairy tale, the investigation is presented as a semiotic analysis drawing on the tools provided by Thierry Groensteen’s The System of Comics (2007; ed. orig. Système de la bande dessinée, 1999). Categories scrutinised as meaning makers include gridding, braiding, page layout, and the handling of the dimension of time, with the ultimate aim of describing how the media affordances of comics, in the hands of a true craftsman, add depth and complexity to the re-narration of Andersen’s original.
An Imported Attic Kylix from the Sanctuary at Poggio Colla
Authors: Steiner Ann , Neils Jenifer
Published: October 2018

This study focuses on an Attic red-figure kylix excavated in a North Etruscan ritual context at a major sanctuary site in the Mugello region at Poggio Colla. Attributed to the Painter of the Paris Gigantomachy (490–460 B. C. E.), the kylix depicts youths boxing. Careful excavation of the site over 20 years allows detailed presentation here of the votive context for the kylix and thus supports a plausible hypothesis for how it was integrated into rituals marking the transition from the first monumental stone temple to its successor at the site, sometime in the late fifth-early fourth century. Placing the kylix in the oeuvre of the painter, his workshop output, and its appearance in Etruria demonstrates that the shape and subject matter were well known to Etruscan audiences; discussion of the relationship of the Attic boxers to imagery in Etruscan tomb painting, black-figure silhouette style pottery, and funerary reliefs reveals links to and differences from Etruscan renderings of similar subject matter. Conclusions confirm the role of the Attic kylix in Etruscan ritual and establish the familiarity of the iconography of the kylix to Etruscan audiences. Although one of the tinas cliniiar, Etruscan Pultuce and Greek Pollux, is identified in fourth-century Etruscan art as an outstanding boxer, this study reveals no obvious link between the imagery on the kylix and the major deity honored at the site, very likely the goddess Uni.
The structural biology of the shelterin complex
Authors: Chen Yong
Published: October 2018

The shelterin complex protects telomeric DNA and plays critical roles in maintaining chromosome stability. The structures and functions of the shelterin complex have been extensively explored in the past decades. This review summarizes the current progress on structural studies of shelterin complexes from different species. It focuses on the structural features and assembly of common structural domains, highlighting the evolutionary plasticity and conserved roles of shelterin proteins in telomere homeostasis and protection.
The cultures of grief: The practice of post-mortem photography and iconic internalized voices
Authors: Tateo Luca
Published: October 2018

I develop an exploratory analysis of “post-mortem photography”, a social practice existing in different cultures. The study, part of a larger project in Denmark, “The culture of grief”, combines Dialogical Self Theory, mainly concerning verbal and textual objects, with the iconic framework of affective semiosis to discuss the function of taking and keeping pictures of dead persons as if they were still alive or just sleeping. How can this practice and artifact culturally mediate the experience of death and the elaboration of grief? What kind of inner dialogue is developed through the internalization of this specific kind of presence/absence? These are some of the preliminary questions I will try to answer by discussing some examples of post-mortem photography from the 19th and 20th centuries in different countries.
Trilateration approaches for seamless out-/indoor GNSS and Wi-Fi smartphone positioning
Authors: Retscher Guenther , Kleine Jonathan , Whitemore Lisa
Published: October 2018

More and more sensors and receivers are found nowadays in smartphones which can enable and improve positioning for Location-based Services and other navigation applications. Apart from inertial sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscope and magnetometer, receivers for Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and GNSS signals can be employed for positioning of a mobile user. In this study, three trilateration methods for Wi-Fi positioning are investigated whereby the influence of the derivation of the relationship between the received signal strength (RSS) and the range to an Access Points (AP) are analyzed. The first approach is a straightforward resection for point determination and the second is based on the calculation of the center of gravity in a triangle of APs while weighting the received RSS. In the third method a differential approach is employed where as in Differential GNSS (DGNSS) corrections are derived and applied to the raw RSS measurements. In this Differential Wi-Fi (DWi-Fi) method, reference stations realized by low-cost Raspberry Pi units are used to model temporal RSS variations. In the experiments in this study two different indoor environments are used, one in a laboratory and the second in the entrance of an office building. The results of the second and third approach show position deviations from the ground truth of around 2 m in dependence of the geometrical point location. Furthermore, the transition between GNSS positioning outdoors and Wi-Fi localization indoors in the entrance area of the building is studied.
Contribution of satellite altimetry in modelling Moho density contrast in oceanic areas
Authors: Abrehdary M. , Sjöberg L. E. , Sampietro D.
Published: October 2018

The determination of the oceanic Moho (or crust-mantle) density contrast derived from seismic acquisitions suffers from severe lack of data in large parts of the oceans, where have not yet been sufficiently covered by such data. In order to overcome this limitation, gravitational field models obtained by means of satellite altimetry missions can be proficiently exploited, as they provide global uniform information with a sufficient accuracy and resolution for such a task. In this article, we estimate a new Moho density contrast model named MDC2018, using the marine gravity field from satellite altimetry in combination with a seismic-based crustal model and Earth’s topographic/bathymetric data. The solution is based on the theory leading to Vening Meinesz-Moritz’s isostatic model. The study results in a high-accuracy Moho density contrast model with a resolution of 1° × 1° in oceanic areas. The numerical investigations show that the estimated density contrast ranges from 14.2 to 599.7 kg/m3 with a global average of 293 kg/m3. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the MDC2018 model, the result was compared with some published global models, revealing that our altimetric model is able to image rather reliable information in most of the oceanic areas. However, the differences between this model and the published results are most notable along the coastal and polar zones, which are most likely due to that the quality and coverage of the satellite altimetry data are worsened in these regions.
FCNB: Fuzzy Correlative Naive Bayes Classifier with MapReduce Framework for Big Data Classification
Authors: Banchhor Chitrakant , Srinivasu N.
Published: October 2018

The term “big data” means a large amount of data, and big data management refers to the efficient handling, organization, or use of large volumes of structured and unstructured data belonging to an organization. Due to the gradual availability of plenty of raw data, the knowledge extraction process from big data is a very difficult task for most of the classical data mining and machine learning tools. In a previous paper, the correlative naive Bayes (CNB) classifier was developed for big data classification. This work incorporates the fuzzy theory along with the CNB classifier to develop the fuzzy CNB (FCNB) classifier. The proposed FCNB classifier solves the big data classification problem by using the MapReduce framework and thus achieves improved classification results. Initially, the database is converted to the probabilistic index table, in which data and attributes are presented in rows and columns, respectively. Then, the membership degree of the unique symbols present in each attribute of data is found. Finally, the proposed FCNB classifier finds the class of data based on training information. The simulation of the proposed FCNB classifier uses the localization and skin segmentation datasets for the purpose of experimentation. The results of the proposed FCNB classifier are analyzed based on the metrics, such as sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, and compared with the various existing works.
Adolescents with premenstrual syndrome: not only what you eat but also how you eat matters!
Authors: Isgin-Atici Kubra , Buyuktuncer Zehra , Akgül Sinem , Kanbur Nuray
Published: October 2018

Background

Current literature suggests that diet is involved in either the development of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or contributes to symptom severity, but to date, there are no studies evaluating eating attitudes of adolescents with PMS. The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary intake and eating attitudes in adolescents with PMS.

Methods

This study was conducted with 383 adolescents (214 with and 169 without PMS), aged 13–19 years. PMS was diagnosed using the premenstrual syndrome scale (PMSS). The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-h dietary recall were used to assess dietary intake. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 18 (TFEQ-R18) were used to evaluate eating attitudes. Anthropometrical measurements and bone mineral content were measured.

Results

PMS prevalence was 55.9% according to PMSS subscales. Disordered eating attitudes determined by EAT-26 was detected in 23.8% in the PMS group and 11.8% of the control group (p<0.05). In the PMS group, total TFEQ-R18 score, emotional eating behavior and uncontrolled eating behavior scores were significantly higher (p<0.001). Whereas no significant difference in dietary intake, anthropometrical measurements or bone mineral content was observed between the two groups.

Conclusions

This is the first study documenting that not dietary intake but eating attitudes can be associated with PMS in adolescents. It is important to understand the relationship between disordered eating behaviors and PMS as both conditions may trigger the other.
Von Hesychie zu Ökonomie: Zur Finanzierung der Wüstenklöster Palästinas (5.–6. Jh.)
Authors: Klein Konstantin M.
Published: October 2018

Jerusalem and its surrounding hinterland were popular destinations for late antique pilgrims. The majority relied on the hospitality offered in Christian guesthouses during their visits and afterwards returned to their homes all over the late antique world. This study aims at investigating how pilgrimage hospitality in the Holy Land between the fourth and the sixth centuries functioned in general – and to what extent board and lodging provided by the mostly monastic hosts had to be remunerated through either manual labour, voluntary financial donations or testamentary bequests by the guests. It will be demonstrated that hospitality was not only a Christian virtue but also a necessary means for the monasteries to survive as it formed the financial backbone for their social and political activities in the city of Jerusalem and the Palestinian Patriarchate. This constant source of income through a permanent influx of pilgrims enabled further monastic financial investments in a growing number of guesthouses which were constructed not only on the outskirts but also in the centres of cities and towns. Soon, alterations in both the ground plans and the function of the monasteries became noticeable: The monastic institutions of the Holy Land shifted from mere clusters of cells (laurae) – which were unable to host the growing number of visitors and new novices alike – to monasteries (coenobia) with a strictly regulated communal life. The study furthermore shows that this change found support in the hagiographical literature of the age. Exhortations to demonstrate hospitality to pilgrims and to rebuild the cells into proper monasteries were often placed in narratives of divine visions or in the ultima verba or monastic testaments of famous abbots. Nevertheless, these changes were not unchallenged by monks who aimed for a more traditional lifestyle in quiet contemplation (hesychia) far away from the more economically-driven ambitions of their superiors, who, to quote John Moschus, had „lined up their bellies and purses.“
Crystal structure of bis(μ2-3,5-dichloro-2-oxidobenzoato-κ4
O,O′:O′,O′′)-hexakis(μ2-pivalato-κ2
O:O′)-bis(pivalato-κ2
O,O′)-tetrakis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)tetragadolinium(III), C102H108Cl4Gd4N8O22
Authors: Yuhua Guo , Junwei Zhang , Hao Liang , Yating Fang , Najie Zhuang , Youzhu Yu
Published: October 2018

C102H108Cl4Gd4N8O22, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 11.4271(18) Å, b = 12.779(2) Å, c = 20.102(3) Å, α = 76.6197(17)°, β = 86.9059(18)°, γ = 71.4460(18)°, V = 2706.7(8) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0350, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1350, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 4-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(3-acetyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)thioureido)cyclohex-4-ene-1,2,3-triyl triacetate, C24H26FN2O9S
Authors: Liu Jin-Qiang , Ji Li
Published: October 2018

C24H27FN2O9S, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 11.2301(12) Å, b = 11.9074(13) Å, c = 20.738(2) Å, V = 2773.1(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0389, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1022, T = 296(2) K.
Between Families and Institutions. Zadar’s Notaries as Intermediaries between Church and Society in the mid-Sixteenth Century Adriatic
Authors: Sander-Faes Stephan
Published: October 2018

This essay examines the roles of notaries as intermediaries between the ecclesiastical and temporal spheres in Zadar, then the capital of Venice’s Adriatic possessions. My focus is on the economic and social relationships between notaries and urban society during the middle of the century. The essay’s main emphasis is not on the city’s archbishops, exclusively Venetian patricians as they were, but instead on notaries and their ecclesiastical customers. By utilising the rich archival holdings of the Croatian State Archives in Zadar, I investigate the interactions of members of the cathedral chapter and examine their membership status, economic activities, and their formal and informal processes of exchange, as well as various linkages between these functionaries and the city’s inhabitants.
Die Internationale Kontrollkommission Albaniens und die albanischen Machtzentren (1913/1914). Beitrag zur Geschichte der Staatsbildung Albaniens / The Albanian International Commission of Control and the Albanian power centres (1913/1914) – Contribution to the history of the state-building process in Albania
Authors: Csaplár-Degovics Krisztián
Published: October 2018

The best guarantee of protecting the rights of Christian minorities on the European territory of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th century was nothing else but the establishing of own nation-states, where the Christian population could lead his life without being ruled or controlled by the Ottoman Empire. This process found support and was assisted by the Great Powers. It means, that one form of the humanitarian intervention was the state-building instructed or assisted from abroad. One of the unexpected experiences of the Balkan Wars 1912/1913 was that the members of the Balkan League committed genocides and other kinds of mass violence against other Nationalities and the Muslim population of the peninsula. Among other things the Albanian state-building project of the Great Powers aimed to prevent further genocide and other acts of violence against the Albanian population and other refugees from Macedonia and to put an end to the anarchy of the country. The main international organisation to directly represent the great powers in the new Albania and to be responsible for the state-building process was the International Commission of Control.
A Liberal Government in King Zog’s Albania? Mehdi Frashëri and the Cabinet of the “Young” (1935–1936) /
Authors: Halimi Redi
Published: October 2018

This article investigates the events of the Frasheri government in interwar Albania. This government, usually described as liberal or as of the “Young” represented a novelty for Albanian society of the time, but lasted only one year. This study seeks to investigate what elements characterised this government, who were the protagonists and what consequences had the Frasheri experiment for the country? Through the study of domestic and foreign politics and the analysis of the relationship with the local press, the paper investigates the Minister’s actions in detail. The Frasheri government, defined by the historiographical literature as a liberal experiment of the zoghist era, has never been thoroughly studied. Through unexplored sources from the Albanian press and archival sources from Rome and Tirana, this study presents a new interpretation of the Frasheri government.
Czernowitz 1941/1942 – der Einsatz des deutschen Konsuls Fritz Schellhorn für die Juden / Czernowitz 1941/42 – the Efforts of the German Consul Fritz Schellhorn for the Jews
Authors: Cremers Hartwig
Published: October 2018

This essay treats actions of Fritz Gebhard Schellhorn (1888-1982), physician, member of the German diplomatic service since 1920, German consul in Cernăuţi / Czernowitz (Romania) 1934-1944, resident in Jassy in the period 1940/41. It describes his efforts and resulting successes in preventing the continuation of the murder of Jews by a SS-„Sonderkommando“ in Cernăuţi in July 1941 and stopping the deportation of Jews from Cernăuţi saving up to 20 000 human beings in October 1941. In addition, the essay questions the prevailing interpretation of the role of Traian Popovici, lord mayor of Cernăuţi and presents some thoughts on the motivation of Schellhorn and the reception of this incidents.
Evaluation of the relationship between TNFα, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, sIL2R, IL6, neopterin with disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Zorbozan Nergiz , Demir Süleyman , Çobankara Veli
Published: October 2018

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the relationship among TNFα, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, sIL2R, IL6, neopterin and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Materials and methods

TNFα, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, sIL2R, IL6 and neopterin were measured in patients and controls. Patients were grouped according to disease activity and medication.

Results

Neopterin and sTNFR1 were not different while TNFα, sTNFR2, sIL2R and IL6 were high in patients than controls. There was no difference between active and inactive patients for TNFα, sIL2R and IL6. sTNFR2 was significantly lower in active patients. There was no relationship between CRP positivity and disease activity. AS patient groups are; 1: TNF blockers, 2: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 3: disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), 4: TNF blockers and NSAIDs, 5: DMARDs and NSAIDs. sTNFR2 was significantly lower in active patients than in inactive, in Group 1. ESR levels were significantly lower in inactive patients compared to active in group 3 and 4. There was no significant association between CRP positivity and disease activity.

Conclusion

According to our study, CRP is insufficient in evaluating AS disease activity. ESR can be useful in evaluating the disease activity. sTNFR2 might be useful as a biological indicator of disease activity in AS treated with TNF inhibitors alone.
Mechanical Properties and Crack Resistances of Cement-Stabilized Crushed Pebbles Produced via Vibration Compaction Method
Authors: Ji Xiaoping , Li Xianghang , Hou Yueqin , Wang Tao
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical behavior and shrinkage resistance of cement-stabilized crushed pebble (CSCP) produced via vibration compaction method (VCM). Ten kinds of CSCPs with two different gradations and five cement contents were produced via VCM. The mechanical properties of the CSCPs, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS), splitting strength (SPS), and resilient modulus (RM), were evaluated. Subsequently, the effects of cement contents, curing time, gradation types, and degrees of compaction on the mechanical behavior were investigated. The dry shrinkage and temperature shrinkage and their influencing factors were also studied. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of CSCPs were compared with those of cement-stabilized limestone and granite. The results show that the mechanical properties of the CSCPs increased linearly with the increase in cement contents and nonlinearly with the increase in the curing period and could be improved by using skeleton-dense gradation and increasing the degree of compaction. A good linear relationship was observed between the UCS and SPS and between the UCS and RM. The dry shrinkage and temperature shrinkage resistance of CSCPs could also be improved by using skeleton-dense gradation. The mechanical properties of the CSCPs were lower than those of cement-stabilized limestone, but slightly higher than those of cement-stabilized granite.
FARKLI ŞEKER ORANLARININ SÜT REÇELİNİN KALİTE ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: AKAL Ceren , BURAN İlkay , DELİALİOĞLU Rabia Albayrak , YETİŞEMİYEN Atila
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmada inek sütüne farklı düzeyde (%10, %15 ve
%20) şeker ilave edilerek üretilen süt reçelinin bazı nitelikleri
araştırılmıştır. Süt reçeli üretimiyle sütün besleyici özelliği arttırılmış ve
bu ürünün özelliklerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Süt reçeli örneklerinde
depolamanın 1., 8. ve 15. günlerinde nem (%), kül içeriği (%), sakkaroz ve
toplam şeker değerleri (%), HMF değeri (µg/L), yağ̆ içeriği (%), titrasyon asitliği (°SH), pH değeri,
protein içeriği (%), kıvam indeksi (Pa.s), akış̧ davranış̧ indeksi, renk
değerleri ve duyusal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Alınan sonuçlara göre şeker
oranı arttıkça nem (%), kül içeriği (%), HMF değeri (µg/L), yağ̆ içeriği (%), titrasyon asitliği (°SH), protein içeriği
(%), kıvam indeksi ile a ve b renk değerlerinin azaldığı; diğer taraftan
sakkaroz ve toplam şeker değerlerinin (%) arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Duyusal
parametreler açısından bakıldığında ise %15 şeker içeren süt reçeli örneği en
yüksek puanları almıştır.
Las TIC como herramientas cognitivas
Authors: Aparicio Gómez Oscar Yecid
Published: October 2018

Jonassen (1987) afirma que la mejor representación de la perspectiva constructivista puede ser la de quienes promueven las herramientas cognitivas. Sus palabras recogen el tránsito entre la teoría del pensamiento constructivista y la práctica educativa propuesta en la sociedad del conocimiento. Igualmente, los entornos de aprendizaje interactivos (Hannafin, 1992) y los micromundos (Rieber, 1992) son tipos de “educación con ordenador” que permiten la implantación de ambientes acordes al fundamento constructivista. Jonassen (1994) plantea la necesidad de poner en marcha entornos que apoyen la construcción colaborativa del conocimiento desestimulando la competición entre los estudiantes para obtener prebendas. Asimismo, debe permitir plantear múltiples perspectivas o interpretaciones de la realidad sobre supuestos reales y auténticos (Jonassen, 1991). Estamos por tanto ante la construcción colaborativa del conocimiento, trascendiendo su mera reproducción (Pérez, 2013).
La investigación escolar
Authors: Aparicio Gómez Oscar Yecid
Published: October 2018

El aprendizaje colaborativo y la construcción del conocimiento nos conducen a un ámbito superior que desemboca en el pensamiento crítico y el planteamiento de problemas significativos para la comunidad educativa. Estamos proponiendo un acercamiento al papel de la comunidad educativa, y específicamente de los estudiantes como comunidad de investigación escolar.
Hospital-to-Home Interventions, Use, and Satisfaction: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Hamline Michelle Y. , Speier Rebecca L. , Vu Paul Dai , Tancredi Daniel , Broman Alia R. , Rasmussen Lisa N. , Tullius Brian P. , Shaikh Ulfat , Li Su-Ting T.
Published: October 2018

CONTEXT:

Hospital-to-home transitions are critical opportunities to promote patient safety and high-quality care. However, such transitions are often fraught with difficulties associated with increased health care use and poor patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE:

In this review, we determine which pediatric hospital discharge interventions affect subsequent health care use or parental satisfaction compared with usual care.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched 7 bibliographic databases and 5 pediatric journals.

STUDY SELECTION:

Inclusion criteria were: (1) available in English, (2) focused on children <18 years of age, (3) pediatric data reported separately from adult data, (4) not focused on normal newborns or pregnancy, (5) discharge intervention implemented in the inpatient setting, and (6) outcomes of health care use or caregiver satisfaction. Reviews, case studies, and commentaries were excluded.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently abstracted data using modified Cochrane data collection forms and assessed quality using modified Downs and Black checklists.

RESULTS:

Seventy one articles met inclusion criteria. Although most interventions improved satisfaction, interventions variably reduced use. Interventions focused on follow-up care, discharge planning, teach back–based parental education, and contingency planning were associated with reduced use across patient groups. Bundled care coordination and family engagement interventions were associated with lower use in patients with chronic illnesses and neonates.

LIMITATIONS:

Variability limited findings and reduced generalizability.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this review, we highlight the utility of a pediatric discharge bundle in reducing health care use. Coordinating follow-up, discharge planning, teach back–based parental education, and contingency planning are potential foci for future efforts to improve hospital-to-home transitions.
Descripción y comparación de la línea lateral de tres especies de rayas eléctricas del género Narcine (Torpediniformes: Narcinidae)
Authors: De la Cruz-Torres Jonathan , González-Acosta Adrián F. , Martínez-Pérez José A.
Published: October 2018

Description and comparison of the lateral line of three species of electric rays of the genus Narcine (Torpediniformes: Narcinidae). This study describes the composition and structural arrangement of the lateral line system of three electric ray species (Narcine bancroftii, N. entemedor and N. vermiculatus). All three species showed the supraorbital (SO), infraorbital (IO), hyomandibular (HYO) and posterior lateral line (PLL) canals, less branched compared to other batoids. Narcine entemedor differs from its congeners by the extensive branching of the SO and IO canals, which converge in the inter-orbital region; in N. vermiculatus these canals present a similar condition, but are less branched. In contrast, N. bancroftii has divergent canals (directed outwards from the inter-orbital region). HYO canals are located on the periphery of the electric organs in these species; in N. bancroftii the branches extend towards the posterior region, whereas in the other species are reduced (N. entemedor) or almost absent (N. vermiculatus). The PLL is curved and projected towards the urostyle, it also shows a large number of ramifications, except in N. vermiculatus. Information about the LL canal system arrangement and pore number in Narcine can be useful for the taxonomic distinction of its species, as it has been corroborated in other Torpediniformes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 586-592. Epub 2018 June 01.
Vulnerabilidad de las especies de Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) en Cuba
Authors: Megna Yoandri S. , Sánchez-Fernández David , Fernández García Ileana , Reyes-Tur Bernardo , Balke Michael
Published: October 2018

Vulnerability of Dytiscidae species (Coleoptera) in Cuba. Cuba has one of the richest diving beetles species diversity in the Caribbean islands. However, Cuban Dytiscidae remain scarcely studied, and there is need to identify those species and habitats that urgently require effective conservation actions. Here we aim to identify the threatened taxa of the family Dytiscidae in Cuba according to their degree of vulnerability. For that, we compiled distributional data on the Cuban fauna, including data from literature, collections and own samplings carried out between the period 2000 and 2014. In addition, the vulnerability of the species was evaluated using a methodology that combines six criteria regarding both species and habitat attributes. This analysis of vulnerability was completed to 50 (94 %) out of 53 Cuban species. Five species (9 %) were identified as highly vulnerable, 20 (38 %) moderately and 25 (48 %) as having low conservation status. The five most threatened species were Laccodytes cobrinae, Laccophilus alariei, Copelatus barbouri, C. darlingtoni, and Desmopachria glabella. These species are endemic to Cuba and characterized by highly localized populations and low abundance as well as high habitat specificity. Thus, we propose the inclusion of these five species in both the red list of Cuban fauna and the IUCN Red List (under the category of “Vulnerable”). In addition, not all areas where these species were found belong to the National System of Protected Areas of Cuba. Thus, we suggest the inclusion of the Laguna Base Julio A. Mella and the North of Imías, and to develop effective management measures to prevent the alteration of these aquatic ecosystems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 709-721. Epub 2018 June 01. Key words:
Cellulolytic ability of a promising Irpex lacteus (Basidiomycota: Polyporales) strain from the subtropical rainforest of Misiones province, Argentina
Authors: Giorgio Ernesto Martin , Villalba Laura Lidia , Robledo Gerardo Lucio , Zapata Pedro Dario , Saparrat Mario Carlos
Published: October 2018

The cellulolytic activity of fungi growing in the subtropical rainforest of Misiones (Argentina) represents a challenge in the technological development of the production of cellulosic bioethanol in the region using native sources. These fungi are promising to obtain sustainable enzyme cocktails using their enzymes. Cellulolytic ability of 22 white-rot fungi isolated from the subtropical rainforest of Misiones-Argentina in agar medium with two types of cellulosic substrates, carboxy-methylcellulose or crystalline cellulose, were comparatively analyzed, and the activity of two cellulolytic enzymes was evaluated in liquid medium. Although all isolates were able to grow and degrade both substrates in agar medium, and to produce total cellulase Filter paper (FPase) and endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EG) activities in broth, the isolate Irpex sp. LBM 034 showed the greatest enzymatic levels (FPase, 65.45 U L-1; EG, 221.21 U L-1). Therefore, the ITS sequence of this fungus was sequenced and analyzed through a phylogenetic analysis. These results indicate that the isolate LBM 034, corresponding to Irpex lacteus, has a promising cellulolytic ability and enzymes such as EG useful in sustainable saccharification of cellulosic materials in the region.