bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological profile of covid-19 in the state of espírito santo, brazil, from march 2020 to june 2021
Authors: Dobes Kawatake de Sousa Claudia , Cristina Morais Tassiane , Elena Guerrero Daboin Blanca , Portugal Isabella , Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti Matheus , de Oliveira Echeimberg Jorge , Cauê Jacintho Lucas , Daminello Raimundo Rodrigo , Elmusharaf Khalifa , Eduardo Siqueira Carlos
Published: December 2021

Introduction: coronavirus 2019 Disease (COVID-19) was quickly declared a pandemic, and Brazil is facing the most significant health and hospital crisis in its history. From March to June 2021 represented 50.8% of all deaths in the State of Espirito Santo.
Objective: to analyze the lethality and mortality by COVID-19 in the State of Espirito Santo from March 2020 to June 2021.
Methods: an ecological study was carried out, using a time series of public and official data available on the Health Department of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Were considered information about cases and deaths (from March 2020 to June 2021) of COVID-19. Percentage case-fatality and mortality and incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Time-series analyses were performed using the Prais-Winsten regression model, estimating the Daily Percent Change (DPC), and the trends were classified as flat, increasing, or decreasing. Significant differences were considered when p<0.05.
Results: 524,496 confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of June 30, 2021, and 11,516 progressed to death. The presence of cardiovascular diseases represents more than half of confirmed comorbidities (54.37%) in patients with COVID-19, followed by diabetes (19.95%) and obesity (9.34%). Men had higher mortality and lethality, especially in older age groups, but the incidence was higher among women. A characteristic profile of two waves was observed; the first wave was extended from March to October 2020 and the second complete wave from November 2020 to June 2021. During the second wave, high peaks of incidence, lethality, and mortality were recorded. At the end of the second wave, the incidence rate remained with increasing trends (p < 0.05), with a DPC of 2.06%.
Conclusion: the peak concentration of cases, deaths, and indicators of lethality, mortality evidenced even after one year of pandemic, characterizes the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, still in entire evolution in the State Espirito Santo and Brazil.
Sinodalidad: fundamentos teológicos del modus Ecclesiae
Authors: Martínez Oliveras Carlos
Published: December 2021

Synodality: Theological Foundations
of modus Ecclesiae la sinodalidad desde una eclesiología
eucarística (5); profundiza en los fundamentos eclesiológicos (6); y propone
la sinodalidad como el estilo de vida,
acción, celebración y misión propios
de la Iglesia (modus Ecclesiæ) desde
los aspectos eclesiales de la koinonia,
diakonia, leiturgia y martyria.
Nuevos lugares eclesiales para regenerar la Iglesia en Europa
Authors: JoinLambert Arnaud
Published: December 2021

: Los interrogantes sobre
la situación de la Iglesia católica no faltan. Más que lamentarse de la desaparición de modelos antiguos, es preciso
examinar lo que nace, crece y da frutos.
Este es el caso de los nuevos lugares
—al margen de las parroquias— que
acogen a todos alrededor de propuestas
concretas. Un ejemplo significativo es
el proyecto “Zeitfenster” de Aquisgrán
(Alemania). La descentralización de las
parroquias debería ayudar a poner a
Cristo en el centro.
La sinodalidad en perspectiva ecuménica
Authors: Méndez Fernández Benito
Published: December 2021

El documento de la
Comisión Teológica Internacional sobre
la sinodalidad (2018) tiene una decidida
dimensión ecuméncia, no solo porque
establece una nueva forma de enfocar
la vida interna de la Iglesia, sino porque
implica un camino conjunto de todos
los cristianos. Para ello es necesario
reflexionar sobre la pedagogía sinodal
y los objetivos comunes, tal y como ha
sucedido con el documento de convergencia «La Iglesia: hacia una visión
común» y la respuesta católica al mismo.
Desde esas bases, es posible concebir las
relaciones ecuménicas como un medio
para encontrar la unidad en el camino
El don desbordante del Espíritu en el camino sinodal latinoamericano
Authors: Galli Carlos María
Published: December 2021

: Esta meditación teológica
piensa la sinodalidad a partir de la lógica
del amor del Espíritu de Dios y pone el
foco en varias figuras de la Iglesia regional latinoamericana y caribeña. Se sitúa
en la senda de la próxima asamblea del
Sínodo de los Obispos que, en 2023, se
reunirá para discernir el tema Para una
Iglesia sinodal: comunión, participación y
misión. Estructuro el itinerario discursivo
en siete momentos. Planteo una eclesiología de la comunión sinodal (1) desde sus
fuentes teologales (2) y en línea con el
Concilio Vaticano II (3). Desde esos fundamentos considero la corresponsabilidad
en la pirámide invertida del Pueblo de
Dios (4) y la actuación de la sinodalidad
en iglesias situadas en las mismas regiones (5). Luego señalo jalones recientes
del camino sinodal y colegial de la Iglesia
en la periferia latinoamericana y caribeña
(6) y propongo avanzar en la sinodalidad
mediante la conversión, la reforma y el
discernimiento según la lógica desbordante de la comunión en el Espíritu (7)
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF A MULTI-NODE DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR MANAGING DATA FLOWS OF MOBILE DEVICES
Authors: Рожкова Т.С. , Невров А.А. , Ветров И.И.
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматривается модель распределения ресурсов сети, представленной множеством разнородных мобильных устройств, разнесенных в пространстве, обладающих возможностью динамического выхода из системы и перемещения в ней. Описана математическая модель и приведены результаты ее применения.

The model of the distribution of network resources is discusses in the article. The network is represented by a multitude of heterogeneous mobile devices, spaced apart, with the ability to dynamically leaving the system and moving in it. A mathematical model is described and the results of its application are presented.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATIC ERROR OF A CHARGING AND DISCHARGING DEVICE FOR HIGH-CAPACITY LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
Authors: Сушкевич Н.В. , Казаковцев Л.А.
Published: December 2021

В качестве оборудования ресурсных испытаний аккумуляторных батарей используется зарядно-разрядное устройство (ЗРУ). В данной статье проведен анализ статической погрешности ЗРУ, определена методическая ошибка, а также предложена методика определения коэффициентов разомкнутых контуров.

The charging and discharging device (CDD) is used as the equipment for carrying out service life tests of accumulator batteries. In this article, we perform the analysis of the static error of the CDD, determine the methodological, and propose a method for determining the coefficients of open contours.
Elements of the theory of adaptive friction couplingsof the
second generation
Authors: Shishkarev M.P.
Published: December 2021

It is shown that to obtain a load characteristic corresponding to an ideal adaptive friction coupling of the second generation,
the value of the spacer force must have the greatest increase in a certain initial range of friction coefficient values,
and the value of the torque of the friction pairs of the main friction group must decrease linearly in the range of friction
coefficient values.
Analysis of force factors of a thin-walled shell
metalworks
Authors: D’yakov I.F. , Moiseev Yu.V.
Published: December 2021

The method of refining the power factors of a machine-building structure presented in the form of a shell is described.
The stability of a thin-walled shell is analyzed using a system of equilibrium equations taking into account changes in its
shape. The concept of shell stability is considered for generalized forces. The estimation of the accuracy of the metal
structure calculation is justified by solving several problems using the finite element method. The calculation error for
various finite elements is determined.
Amigdalitis prolongada con pobre respuesta al manejo: raro caso de tuberculosis extrapulmonar
Authors: Muñoz-Lombo Jenny Patricia , Aguas-Agredo Juan David , Espinosa Ortiz Daniela
Published: December 2021

La amigdalitis es una afección leve y frecuente de la vía aérea superior secundaria a la colonización de flora bacteriana bucal y a la exposición a microorganismos patógenos de áreas adyacentes respondiendo adecuadamente al manejo antibiótico a base de penicilinas, macrólidos o lincosamidas. Sin embargo, cuadros recurrentes, odinofagia prolongada, manifestaciones atípicas o pobre respuesta a la antibioticoterapia son características que obligan a la búsqueda de diagnósticos diferenciales llevando a consideración la presencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis como agente etiológico, especialmente en países con alto índice de tuberculosis como lo es Colombia. Este reporte de caso describe a un paciente adulto inmunocompetente con múltiples consultas al servicio de urgencias por cuadro clínico de odinofagia recurrente secundaria a amigdalitis por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, un raro caso de tuberculosis extrapulmonar.
Fascitis necrotizante cervical: experiencia en el Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, México
Authors: Córdoba-Del Castillo Margarita Rosa , Castillo-Ventura Bertha Beatriz , Ramírez Hinojosa Juan Pablo
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN: La fascitis necrotizante cervical es una entidad poco frecuente en cabeza y el cuello (3) , pero su importancia está dada por la elevada tasa de mortalidad.

OBJETIVO: Describir la experiencia en fascitis necrotizante cervical en el Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González.

DISEÑO: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal de historias clínicas del servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello del Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, de 2011 a 2017.

RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 11 historias clínicas con diagnóstico de fascitis necrotizante cervical, de las cuales 8 (72,7%) eran hombres y 3 (27,2%) mujeres, con una edad promedio de 49,1 años. Cinco (45,4%) pacientes debutaron con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El origen de la infección fue odontogénico en tres (27,2%) pacientes. Los microorganismos más frecuentes fueron: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus anginosus y Staphylococcus epidermidis. Los 11 pacientes (100%) fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente e impregnados con antimicrobianos empíricos, que posteriormente fueron modificados o no, según los resultados del antibiograma. La hospitalización promedio fue de 18,7 días. Tres (27,2%) pacientes presentaron mediastinitis como complicación. Hubo dos muertes (18,1%).

CONCLUSIÓN: El diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento antimicrobiano empírico y quirúrgico agresivo pueden reducir significativamente la morbilidad y la mortalidad.

IMPORTANCIA CLINICA: No hay muchos reportes de casos de esta patología en América Latina, por lo cual queremos describir la experiencia en nuestro Hospital.

Palabras clave: fascitis necrotizante cervical, infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos, fascitis necrotizante craneocervical.
Currículo oculto en educación medicina: revisión narrativa
Authors: Lugo Machado Juan Antonio , Jacobo-Pinelli Regina
Published: December 2021

Los procesos educativos en la medicina son de gran complejidad y paradojas debido a que es una profesión de un inmenso prestigio, donde se aplica la ciencia y tecnología con sus avances más recientes, no obstante, en el ámbito educativo y formativo no sucede así, existiendo un sin número de necesidades que trasformen los paradigmas educativos obsoletos que perpetúan la formación de médicos con un sentido humano desgastado, extenuante y marchito.

En esta revisión narrativa, abordamos el aspecto no plasmado en algún documento   de la práctica educativa en el médico en formación, elementos que inciden en los aspectos morales y éticos de la profesión, que culmina con una pérdida del humanismo profesional.
Marksizm’in Uluslararası Hukuk Yaklaşımı
Authors: DALAR Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de üzerinde oldukça sınırlı çalışılmış olan Marksizm’in uluslararası hukuk yaklaşımın ele alarak, bilinen uluslararası hukuk anlayış ve yöntemine karşı Marksizm’in nasıl bir tez ortaya çıkardığını incelemektedir. Marksizm’in genel olarak hukuk özel olarak uluslararası hukuk teorisinin olup olmadığını tartışan çalışma, post kolonyal dönemde ve zamanımızda hegemonyanın etkin olduğu uluslararası hukukun karşı karşıya kaldığı çıkmaza eleştirel bakış açısını geliştiren Marksist yaklaşımın koyduğu çözüm seçeneklerini değerlendirmektedir. 1917’de Rusya’da gerçekleşen Ekim Devrimi sonucunda Marksizm’i temel alarak kurulan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin bu temelde uluslararası hukuka getirdiği bakışı ve bu hukuku ne ölçüde etkilediğini ele alan bu çalışma, Sovyetlerin dağılmasından sonra ortaya çıkan gelişmelere Marksizm nasıl bir yaklaşım geliştirdiğini açıklamaktadır.
APPLICATION OF HYBRID LEARNING MODEL IN FOUNDATION ENGINEERING SUBJECTS IN BUILDING ENGINEERING EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM, PALANGKA RAYA UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR 2020/2021
Authors: Cassiophea Lola , Ni Putu Diah P
Published: December 2021

There is now an assumption that “working from home” will become a normal work culture for most of us (teachers, and students). In Indonesia, some teachers have to do homework assignments (continuously and as a controlled routine) on an ongoing basis. This means that they have the opportunity to be unproductive to work in a completely new environment and without leadership supervision (intensively). However, there are a number of ways to get around this problem, especially preventing teachers from being confused in applying appropriate and effective learning models, as well as sustainable professional development, surely wanting to be productive in utilizing time during the Covid 19 pandemic. Thus time management must be carried out and controlled properly to improve the quality of professionalism of teachers as professional educators. The solution, the teaching staff is required to be able to design learning media as an innovation by utilizing online media. This research is motivated by the learning outcomes of Building Engineering Education students who program Foundation Engineering courses which are still relatively low under a score of 60 (C value). Hybrid learning is a hybrid learning concept that integrates traditional class sessions and e-learning elements in an effort to combine the benefits of the two forms of learning. The purpose of this study is to determine student learning outcomes after the application of the hybrid learning model. This type of research is descriptive research. Quantitative data in the form of numbers or scores obtained from student learning outcomes tests. This research was conducted from October 2020 to December 2020 at the Building Engineering Education FKIP, Palangka Raya University. The research subjects were students of the Building Engineering Education 2020/2021 Academic Year who program Foundation Engineering Courses. The instrument used in this study was the final test of student learning outcomes. There is a significant effect as evidenced by the analysis of the t-test with the results of t count> t table with a value of t = 22.4 while for t table = 2.04 with a confidence of 0.05%, there can be significant differences in learning using the hybrid learning model. . The output to be achieved is that this research will be published in the Journal of Technology and Vocational Education FKIP, Palangka Raya University, 'Balanga' not accredited in 2020.
Darinājumu ligzda ar pamatvārdu gādāt senajos latviešu rakstu avotos
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Latviešu valodas institūts, Frīdenberga Anna
Published: December 2021

In the article, the verb gādāt, an entry for the Historical Dictionary of Latvian (16th–17th centuries), and other formatives with this word are discussed. In the early Latvian texts, a wide and forked word-formation nest forms around the verb gādāt, including, for example, derived words gādāties, negādāt, gādāšana, apgādāt, apgādāties, apgādāšana, atsagādāties, iesagādāties, atgādāt, atgādāties, atgādāšana, atgādināt, iegādāties, sagādāt, sagāds, gāds, gādība, etc. There are several meanings of the word gādāt in early texts, which differ from the ones used nowadays, so the authors of the Dictionary have distinguished three of them: 1) to aim, seek, strive (for something); 2) to take care, to look after; 3) to be concerned, to worry (about). The word gādāt also had a more ancient meaning, ‘to think’, from which these three meanings have developed. Though in early religious texts the meaning ‘to think’ is not common, it appears in some prefixal verbs, for example, apgādāt ‘to consider’, iesagādāties ‘to come to one’s mind’, atgādāt ‘to recall, to remember’, sagādāt ‘to consider, to think’, iegādāt ‘to remember, to recall’. The meanings of the basic word also widely fork in the meanings of the words derived from it. One group of meanings is connected with the ancient meaning of the word gādāt ‘to think’. It is dominant, for example, in such word-formation chain as atgādāt, atgādināt, atgādāšana, etc., while the other group is connected to the meaning ‘to care, to look after’. The last is more common nowadays, so the words gādāt, apgādāt, sagādāt, gādība, etc. are known with this meaning also in modern Latvian. In the texts of the 16th–17th centuries, reflexive verbs are often used; an interesting feature characteristic to these verbs – the reflexive verb is often used in the same meaning as the direct verb. For example, gādāt and gādāties, iegādāt and iegādāties, atgādāt and atgādāties.
Rakstīts izloksnē: Lejaskurzemes izlokšņu teksti
Authors:   Liepājas Universitāte, Ozola Ieva
Published: December 2021

Parallel zur Herausbildung der lettischen Schriftsprache entwickelt sich seit dem 18. Jahrhundert die lettgallische Schriftsprache, jedoch haben die anderen lettischen Dialekte und Mundartengruppen, darunter auch die niederkurländischen Mundarten, keine (normierte) Schriftsprache. Auf der Grundlage literarischer und publizistischer Texte der 2. Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts und des 21. Jahrhunderts wurde erforscht, wie mundartliche Texte, die die bekanntesten phonetischen Merkmale des jeweiligen Areals aufweisen oder in denen die für die Mundarten charakteristischen Parallelformen vorkommen, ohne schriftsprachliche Tradition verfasst werden. Es wurden folgende Texte untersucht: Gedichtsammlung von Nora Kalna „Die Sprache der Rucava. Ein Denkmal für das Dialekt“ (Rucavnieku valodiņa. Piemineklis izloksnei), sowie Artikel aus der Zeitschrift der Region Rucava „Die Nachrichten von Duvzare“ (Duvzares Vēstis) über die Tätigkeit der Kulturgruppe der Traditionen „Die Frauen von Rucava“ (Rucavas sievas) (2012–2015). Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Verfassung von Schriften in einer Mundart, die keine Tradition der Schriftsprache aufweist, individuell (persönlich) vollzogen wird. Sie gründet auf dem Verständnis des Autors über die Beziehung zwischen der gesprochenen und schriftlichen Sprache, sowie auf den überlieferten Konventionen der nichtgeschriebenen Mundarten, wobei die Varianten der Mundart mehr oder weniger erhalten bleiben. Die untersuchten Texte zeigen das subjektive Verhältnis des Verfassers zum System der Mundart: Man sieht, welche Elemente der Mundart der Verfasser für wichtig hält. Eine bewusste Verwendung der Mundart in der Schrift hängt auch vom Bildungsgrad des Verfassers ab – vom Beherrschen der Standardsprache, von den Kenntnissen der Grammatik, Phonetik und Lexik der Mundart. Die in einer Mundart verfassten Texte bewahren und verstärken die soziokulturelle Identität und fördern den Gebrauch des Dialekts, wobei die Kreativität im Dialekt eine wesentliche Rolle spielt. In Niederkurland vollzieht sich zurzeit die Verschriftlichung der Mundarten sporadisch, sie ist eng mit der Tätigkeit von ethnographischen Gruppen und Traditionsvereinen verbunden. Die polnische Forscherin Anna Mlekodaj stellt fest, dass in Mundarten verfasste literarische Texte eine Möglichkeit der Erhaltung von Mundarten darstellen, deswegen sollte sich die zeitgenössische Dialektologie ihr Forschungsfeld erweitern und auch belletristische Texte verschiedener Stilrichtungen einschließen. (Mlekodaj 2019).
Darbības vārda tagadnes no-celmi latviešu valodas izloksnēs
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Latviešu valodas institūts, Stafecka Anna
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the no-stem forms of the verb, their use and distribution in Latvian dialects. The no-stems of the verb in the Latvian Standard language are quite common, e.g., brist-brienu, skriet-skrienu, siet-sienu, etc., but in some dialects, verbs with -au- in the root also are conjugated as no-stems (aut-aunu, šūt, šūnu, etc.), as far as the verb gūt. The article analyzes all forms of persons, both singular and plural. As shown by geolinguistic maps, verb no-stems are distributed throughout the territory of Latvian dialects. The distribution areas of no-stem forms are similar in all persons. They make large compact area in High Latvian dialect, they are less common in the Middle and Livonic dialects. Verbs with person endings are characteristic of the Middle and High Latvian dialects; there is also generalized 3rd person form (aun, šun, etc.) mainly in the Livonic dialect. Forms with ļ such as aunļu, aunli, etc. are fixed in some eastern subdialects of Latgale; phonetically ļ could have originated from j or could be interpreted morphologically, too. Analysis of no-stem forms of the verbs found in the dialect materials collected in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century shows that they are quite common alongside the forms of io-stem forms. New comparative studies that reflect their dynamics would be very useful. Two geolinguistic maps illustrating variations of n- and other related stems of verbs are added.
Ieskats kaķu vārdu izvēles motivācijā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Latviešu valodas institūts, Štrausa Ilze
Published: December 2021

Onomasticians tend to focus not only on toponyms and anthroponyms, but also on zoonyms. This article gives an insight into cat names and the motivation for their choice. At the end of 2020, the author of this article made a questionnaire about cat names, posted this questionnaire on the social network Facebook, and received an unexpectedly large number of responses from people ‒ 19,592 questionnaires were submitted. The main focus of the questionnaire was placed on the motivation to choose cat names, as the motivations for choosing the same name can be very different, even completely opposed. The social and economic study of zoonyms enables us to identify the most important factors in choosing cat names, avoiding as many hypothetical or even erroneous conclusions as possible. A significant part of the analysed material consists of felynonyms motivated by the appearance of the cat: coat colour (Cukurs) (white), Kurmis (black), Oreo (black and white), Grejs (grey), Mango (red)), appearance in general or individual details (eyes (Poga), ears (Betmens), whiskers (Ūšuks), paws (Pepija), any special feature (Ķēpa) or defects (Bočelli)). The situation how the cat enters the family also plays an important role; where the cat is found (Dīzelis, Barons); who brings or finds the cat (Pičus); who it is bought from (Dekāns). The choice of felynonyms is also determined by other factors, such as the cat's behaviour and temper (Tors, Skrāpīte); accident or single action (Neptūns, Džampers); matching names (Dolārs and Mārciņa, Ansis and Grieta); the name of another real animal (Cimdiņš, Dadzis); cat breed or its name (Kilimandžāro, Boriss); originality (Deficīts, Punkasens); owner's profession, position, occupation (Karmena, Pikselis); interests, hobbies (Akords, Eminems); travel (Forints, Turcis); unfulfilled dreams and longing (Haskijs, Lote) or even several factors at once (Zaļģis, Notārs). People naming cats have chosen words that already exist in the language as names for their pets and have made various occasional words, showing the unlimited horizons of human imagination (Mimeļmops, Irokejs). The collected material is the first such extensive summary of cat names. It can also serve as a source of inspiration for everyone to choose a name for their new pet.
Laimdots Ceplītis – nozīmīga personība latviešu valodniecībā
Authors:   Latviešu valodas aģentūra, Valdmanis Jānis
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the personality of Laimdots Ceplītis and his most significant contribution to the development of several linguistic fields: intonation of speech and phonetics, syntax, lexicography, improvement of writing. Ceplītis has been described as a diligent and hardworking, studious and persistent person; as an erudite researcher with a systemic view and a refined scientific methodology; as a demanding teacher, and understanding and forgiving at the same time. Ceplītis has been remembered as a responsive and helpful colleague, an intelligent, highly cultured, and very tactful person.
Use of Online Lexicographic Tools for the Promotion of Academic Skills in the Course of English for Specific Purposes
Authors:   University of Latvia, Beļicka Līga , Svētiņa Ruta ,   University of Latvia
Published: December 2021

Nozares svešvalodas pasniegšana augstskolā kā ierasta bakalaura programmas sastāvdaļa šobrīd atrodas pretrunīgā situācijā. No vienas puses, programmās tai tiek atvēlēts ļoti neliels kredītpunktu skaits, no otras puses, nepieciešamība nav zudusi, jo kurss nodrošina būtisku pamatu tālākajām studijām. Tradicionāli nozares svešvalodas kursu satura centrā ir bijusi speciālā vārdu krājuma apguve. Speciālais vārdu krājums šajā gadījumā ietver gan nozares terminoloģiju, gan arī vispārīgo akadēmisko vārdu krājumu. Šobrīd ļoti ierobežotā kursa apjoma dēļ nav iespējams sistēmiski apskatīt pat nelielu nozares tēmu un akadēmiskās terminoloģijas daļu. Abos gadījumos, kā arī kompetenču izglītības pieejas kontekstā jāmeklē iespējas attīstīt studentu prasmes strādāt un apgūt nepieciešamo vārdu krājumu patstāvīgi. Turklāt, apgūstot stratēģijas vārdu krājuma paplašināšanai, tiek tālāk nostiprinātas studentu vispārējās akadēmiskās prasmes. Speciālā vārdu krājuma paplašināšanai un saistīto akadēmisko prasmju apguvei šobrīd varam izmantot plašu leksikogrāfisko rīku klāstu – sākot no tiešsaistes vārdnīcām un glosārijiem līdz pat dažādiem valodas korpusiem. Tomēr prakse liecina, ka studenti, mācoties patstāvīgi, ļoti vienkāršoti izmanto digitālos leksikogrāfiskos rīkus un studentiem šīs prasmes ir jāapgūst regulāru vingrinājumu procesā un autentiskā, viņiem svarīgā kontekstā, kas ir profesionāli nozīmīgs. Pētījuma mērķis ir apkopot leksikogrāfisko tiešsaistes rīku izmantošanas mācību metodes un vajadzības, kas šobrīd aktuālas nozares svešvalodas kursos vairākās LU studiju programmās, piedāvājot tiem teorētisko pamatojumu svešvalodas apguves un vispārējo akadēmisko prasmju kontekstā.
The Case of the Rucava Brioche: Aspects of Interpreting and Written Text Production
Authors:   Ventspils Augstskola, Egle Baiba
Published: December 2021

Rakstā apskatīti adīšanas lingvistiskie un tekstuālie aspekti starpkultūru un komunikatīvajā aspektā. Mūsdienās adīšana ir kļuvusi par populāru brīva laika nodarbi, par kuru jaunas zināšanas iegūst ne tikai no grāmatām vai tiešsaistes materiāliem, bet arī klātienē – adīšanas nometnēs, kurās ārzemju interesenti tiekas ar adīšanas meistariem no Latvijas, lai apgūtu tradicionālos latviešu adīšanas paņēmienus. Raksta autore šajās nometnēs ir piedalījusies kā latviešu-angļu-latviešu valodas tulce. Tika novērotas arī kultūru atšķirības, proti, – mutiskā adīšanas kultūra pretstatā kultūrai, kur pieņemts tekstu veidot rakstiski, kā arī izpratne par dažādiem terminoloģiskiem aspektiem. Rakstā arī apskatīts, kā pierakstīta un tulkota informācija, kura tradicionāli ir reti pierakstīta – Rucavas tīkla patents.
Die Bedeutung der Redekorpora in der Erforschung der zielsprachlichen Verdolmetschung
Authors:   Universität Liepaja, Gaile Linda
Published: December 2021

The research on the simultaneous interpreting process and the associated target and source languages requires both the oral source speeches and the simultaneous interpreting of the spoken source speeches into the target language. For a relatively short time now, researchers of translation and interpreting have been able to access digitized linguistic corpora, parallel and speech corpora of different language pairs, from which they can build their own purpose-oriented corpus of original and target-language oral texts. Furthermore, the built-up language corpus can be analysed qualitatively or quantitatively using different software and investigated for specific linguistic phenomena. This present article focuses on the benefits of data retrieval from digitalized language and speech corpora, which can be an important source of assistance for the analysis of the oral simultaneous interpretation target text. At the heart of this question is the European Parliament’s speeches corpus, from which authentic speeches in the source language (German) and simultaneous interpretation in the target language (Latvian) can be obtained to create a sub-corpus for the German-Latvian language pair. Among others, the question of which interpreting strategies can be used for simultaneous interpreting from German into Latvian is explored, and the application of EXMARaLDA Partitur-Editor software is presented, which allows to create a simultaneous transcription of the source language and the simultaneously interpreted target language as well as to develop a speech corpus.
Bērnu tiesību diskurss Apvienotajā Karalistē
Authors:   Ventspils Augstskola, Gorbunovs Andrejs
Published: December 2021

The goal of the article is to describe the main characteristics of the children's rights discourse in the United Kingdom. To achieve the said goal, the author provides a description and definition of discourse, institutional discourse, legal discourse, and children’s rights discourse while also applying the characteristics of the said discourses to determine the main characteristics of the children rights discourse in the United Kingdom. Children’s rights discourse in the United Kingdom is an institutional subordination system defined by legislation (primary and secondary acts), and this legislation is the source of special lexis used in the discourse. Participants of the discourse are government institutions, children and family members, nongovernmental organisations, mass media, and the general public. All participants of the children’s rights discourse in the United Kingdom can have an effect on the discourse, which in turn might affect the special-use lexis of the discourse.
Zinātnes valoda Džeimsa Džoisa pētniecībā
Authors:   Liepājas Universitāte, Ignatjeva Sigita
Published: December 2021

Mogens Boisen, the Danish translator of Joyce’s “Ulysses”, has said that after working on Joyce’s texts, “One is not the same. One has been Ulyssified.” (Walsh 2016) A kind of “Ulyssification” can also be observed in the language of articles and books in Joycean studies. The aim of the article is to characterize, classify and illustrate the features of language in Joycean studies, which usually are not characteristic of the language of science. The language of Joycean studies frequently exhibits features that are characteristic to Joyce’s writing but not academic writing. Researchers use the features of Joyce’s language in their own texts to describe the object of investigation, emphasize their point, attract attention, and also as reverence to Joyce. These features include various games with language, use of Joyce’s lexis and marked or unmarked fragments of his works, specific “terminology” and stylistic features, and are manifested on all language levels.
Circadian Rhythm Factor in Relation to the Analysis And Interpretation of Infrared Thermography Results in the Arctic (Review)
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Syiah Kuala University, Nasution Abdillah I. , Pankov Mikhail N. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern State Medical University, Kir’yanov Artem B. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Published: December 2021

The number of studies explaining the role of environmental factors in research using infrared thermography in the Arctic is still limited. This article is focused on circadian rhythms, which can influence both the analysis and interpretation of infrared thermography results in the Arctic. Literature published between 1981 and 2019 was selected with the help of PubMed search engine by means of a systematic search by the keyword infrared thermography using the PRISMA system. Having studied the abstracts of relevant open access articles, we selected a total of 81 papers: 40 American, 15 Russian, 11 Canadian, 6 Swedish, 4 Danish, 3 Finnish, and 2 Norwegian. Having assessed the materials and methods against the area of application (medicine and dentistry), we found 12 articles in full compliance with the selection criteria. In conclusion, taking into account different day lengths and light intensities in the Arctic, we point out three circadian rhythm mediators affecting its physiological activity. These are as follows: light of sufficient intensity, suprachiasmatic nuclei and neurotransmitters. Their influence is often reduced in the summer and is linked with changes in skin temperature. Therefore, it is important for researchers to consider time, season, and sleep patterns of the subjects during the selection process in order to obtain accurate temperature measurements using infrared thermography. For citation: Nasution A.I., Pankov M.N., Kir’yanov A.B. Circadian Rhythm Factor in the Analysis and Interpretation of Infrared Thermography Results in the Arctic (Review). Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 444–453. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z082
Characteristics of Human Myocardial Bridges in Health and in Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Dmitrieva Evgeniya G.
Published: December 2021

This paper studies the characteristics of the myocardial bridges and the anterior interventricular artery in people aged 22–75 years using a histological method. Histological sections were made from three segments of the artery: proximal to the bridge, intramural and distal to the bridge. We found no differences in thickness of myocardial bridges, cross-sectional area of the perivascular space, as well as ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the perivascular space and intramural segment between the groups of hearts with coronary atherosclerosis (n = 7) and without it (n = 7). In subjects with coronary atherosclerosis, the cross-sectional area of the artery wall in the segment proximal to the bridge was larger than that in the group without atherosclerosis due to increased intima thickness. However, no changes in the lumen of the artery were observed. For citation: Dmitrieva E.G. Characteristics of Human Myocardial Bridges in Health and in Coronary Atherosclerosis. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 454–458. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z083
Myocardial Contractility in Young People During Cold Exposure of the Foot
Authors:   Northern State Medical University, Korobitsyna Elena V. , Gudkov Andrey B. , Popova Ol’ga N. , Shcherbina Yuliya F. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: December 2021

This paper studied the physiological response of the human circulatory system to local cooling of the feet. The research involved young men (n = 27) and women (n = 30) aged between 17 and 20 years, born and permanently living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk). SIMONA 111 integrated monitoring system was used. We found that stimulation of peripheral temperature-sensitive receptors of the foot skin at local cooling causes a decrease in heart contractility in both sexes, while young women demonstrate greater sensitivity to the cold factor than young men. For citation: Korobitsyna E.V., Gudkov A.B., Popova O.N., Shcherbina Yu.F. Myocardial Contractility in Young People During Cold Exposure of the Foot. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 459–462. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z084
Association between Diabetes Mellitus Type-1 and Celiac Disease in Growth Retardation Iraqi Patients
Authors: Ghuroob Dalil Dhamad  , Wildan Talal Mahmood  , Nadya Ghassan Abdul Kareem  , Ammar Kamal Jafar
Published: December 2021

This study was performed in the ministry of health- Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad. Measurement of some biochemical parameters in serum of 93 patients with growth retardation divided into two groups: group-1 (G1) control group without diabetes, and group-2 (G2) with diabetes. The results showed that celiac disease reduces weight and consequently body mass index. The Anti-tissue and Anti-Gliadin IgA increase significantly (p˂0.01) in G2 compared with G1, were the Anti-tissue IgA titer reached 6.88 and 65.30 U/ml and Anti-Gliadin IgA titer reached 7.69 and 72.29 U/ml in G1 and G2 respectively. In addition, the results express positive linear relationship (p ˂ 0.01) among glucose level with Anti-tissue and Anti-Gliadin IgA in G2, using the regression equation of Anti-tissue and Anti-Gliadin y=4.327+0.199 (S. glucose) and y=6.027+0.102 (S. glucose) respectively.
Eradication of Biofilm Produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Wound Infection by Using Proteinase K Enzyme
Authors: Estabraq A. Mahdi  , Sura S. Hasan
Published: December 2021

This research is aimed to eradicate the biofilm formed by bacteria causing wound infection through using proteinase K enzyme. For this purpose six different concentrations of proteinase K were used for the degradation of biofilm produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas areuginosa. These two species are the most common abundant bacteria causing infection by biofilm. Each of the concentrations was kept in contact with the pathogenic bacteria for 1, 2 and three hours. After 3 hours of incubation period the concentration (4 µg /ml) resulted in the highest eradication ability against S. aureus biofilm, while the same concentration was no significant in the eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.
Male Children Sexual Abuse in the Transkei Region of South Africa
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: Reporting of male-to-male sexual abuse is associated with stigma and discrimination. It is not only trauma to a child but also to a family. It is under researched and under estimated in a community. Even when abused children have grown up and become adults the abuse remains a painful secret in their lives. This scar of child sexual abuse stays for a life time. It also fuels the spread of HIV/AIDS in society. Objective: To study the sexual abuse among male children in the Transkei region of South Africa. Method: This is a retrospective study, carried out between 2007 and 2011 at the Sinawe Centre of Mthatha General Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa. Results: There were 38 cases of male child sexual abuse (MCSA) reported between 2007 and 2011. There was only 1 case reported in 2007, 3 in 2008, 6 in 2009, 10 in 2010 and 18 in the year 2011. Of these, 3 (7.9%) were 5 years old, 17 (44.7%) were 10 or less years, and 9 (23.7%) were between the age of 11 and 15 years of age. Of the perpetrators 20 (52.6%) were known to the victims, 16 (42.1%) were unknown 2 (5.2%) were family member of the victims. There was delay in reporting. Genital injuries were observed in 8 (21%) cases, and physical injury in only 2 (5.2%) cases. All the victims were HIV negative and post-exposure prophylaxis compliant. Conclusion: There is an increasing trend of male children sexual abuse in the Transkei region of South Africa. It requires urgent attention by the law enforcement authorities
Sexual Assault, Pregnancy and HIV Infection among Young Girls in the Transkei Region of South Africa. Case Reports
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: Rape continues to be one of the biggest challenges facing South Africa, alongside poverty & joblessness that the government is trying hard to eradicate. Transkei region of the Eastern Cape can best be described as deeply rural with bad roads, unclean water supply, limited electricity, few telephone connections, very limited access to transport and health services. Violence including sexual assaults is a common problem in this region. Objective: To highlight the problem of sexual assault, pregnancy, and HIV infection among young girls in Transkei region of South Africa. Case History: This is a retrospective case report from the register of sexual assault at Sinawe Center of Mthatha General Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa.These are reports of two young girls who were repeatedly raped. Histories and findings of the physical examinations are described. Consequences of teenage pregnancies and HIV transmission are discussed. The issue of consent and teenagers’ partners’ responsibility is highlighted. Solutions to reduce re-victimisation are suggested. Conclusion: There is problem of sexual assaults, pregnancy, and HIV infection among young girls in the Transkei region of South Africa. There is a need to control this epidemic of sexual assaults to prevent HIV spread, and to prevent unwanted pregnancies
Why Do Women Not to Go for Abortion in a Designated Legal Abortion Facility in Transkei Region of South Africa?
Authors: BL Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: The implementation of choice arising from the Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1996 (Act 92 of 1996) is a challenge in South Africa as there are many abortions that are still carried out by illegal abortionists in the Transkei region. This raises the serious question as to why the women do not prefer to go instead to a designated legal abortion clinic which carries out safe abortions in South Africa.Objective: To study the underlying factors which prevent women from going for an abortion to designated legal abortion facilities.Method: This qualitative research was carried out by medical students who visited both the legal and illegal facilities in Mthatha in 2015 for their assignment during the rotation of their subject of speciality.Result: The legal clinics are not user-friendly, the staff misbehave with the girls, they cast doubt on their confidentiality, and they take a long time to do the abortions, while the illegal abortionists charge money for their services but they are quick and keep confidentiality.Conclusion: Legal abortion clinics are not user friendly.
Health Promotional Life Style Intervention on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Prevention of Co-Morbid Conditions and Complications of Chronic Renal Failure among Hemodialysis
Authors: Ashwini Patil  , Indrawati Rao  , Sateesh Biradar
Published: December 2021

Hemodialysis is the most frequent treatment method for CRF. However, it has been argued that anumber of restrictions and modifications accompany this treatment, which have a detrimental impacton the quality of patient’s life and affect individuals’ physical and psychological well-being. Objectiveof the study was to assess health promotional life style modification regarding prevention of comorbidcondition and complications of chronic renal failure among hemodialysis patient. A QuantitativeResearch approach and Quasi experimental research design (Nonequivalent control group pretest postDesign) was used for the present study. The sample consisted of 200 chronic renal failure patientsundergoing hemodialysis were selected by convenient non probability sampling technique. ResultsThe finding of the study revealed that in experimental group, pretest Knowledge mean score of thesamples had 20.26 and in posttest knowledge mean score had 33.93 so the difference is 13.67, thisdifference was large and it is statistically significant. Whereas in control group, pretest, this differencewas small and it was statistically not significant. In experimental group, mean pretest Practice scoreof the samples showed statistically significant. In experimental group 16.28% improvement in QOLscore after intervention and in control group improvement score is 0.35%. This difference showed theeffectiveness of the study. Considering correlation between experimental group posttest knowledgescore and posttest practice score was (r=0.44 P≤01), correlation between experimental group posttestknowledge score and posttest QOL score was (r=0.45 P≤01) and correlation between posttest practicescore and QOL score was (r=0.52 P≤01). It showed moderate positive correlation among them. Theresult of the present study suggest that health promotional life style modification is necessary to reducecomplications and co morbidities which is occur due to CRF and enhance quality of life of chronicpatients.
Physiological Cost Index of Walking in Stroke Patients and their Functional Ambulation Category
Authors: Jyoti S. Jeevannavar  , Pooja H. Vengurlekar
Published: December 2021

Background: Mobility, defined as the ability to walk safely and independently, is integral to theperformance of basic activities of daily living.An interruption in the normal gait cycle and the energyconserving characteristics of the trunk and limb motion results in an increased energy expenditure.Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the Physiological Cost Index(PCI) of walking instroke survivors with their Functional Ambulation Category(FAC).Design:Cross Sectional StudyMethods: 30 participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Theparticipants were graded on FAC. Their heart rate(HR) was recorded pre- and post- 6-Minute-Walk-Test(6MWT). The distance walked was measured and recorded. The PCI was calculated and the datawas subjected to statistical analysis.Results: The mean PCI of all the participants was 0.72(±0.68). A moderate negative correlation existedbetween the PCI and FAC. The category of FAC increased as the patients PCI of walking decreased.Conclusion: Increased PCI values could imply lower functional mobility scores on FAC. Therapeuticinterventions that alter PCI values and interventions that effectively reduce energy consumption couldbe identified for better rehabilitation outcomes.
Effect of Flat Feet on Static and Dynamic Balance in Adults
Authors: Megha Soni  , Madhuri Joshi  , Manjiri Kulkarni
Published: December 2021

Background: The foot is the most distal segment in the lower extremity chain and represents a smallBOS upon which the body maintains balance. Minor biomechanical alterations in the support surfacecan influence postural-control strategies. However, the implications of a flat foot on balance havereceived little attention to date.Aimof the present study was to Evaluate the static and dynamic balancein individuals with flat feet.Method: A total of 40 subjects were recruited. Participants were assigned to 2 groups case groupand control group depending on foot type, as defined by the foot ink print method. Subjects weredivided into case groups and control groups. The static and dynamic balance were measured throughthe Unipedal stance test and star excursion balance test respectively.There was a significant correlation between single-leg stance time (with eyes opened and closed) andflat feet (p-value = < .01). There was a significant correlation between reach distance in some direction(AM, MR, PM, P, AL, LL) with a flat foot (p-value <0 .05).Conclusion: This study suggests that both static (single leg stance test) and dynamic (SEBT) balanceare affected in individuals with flat feet.