bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WTFgenes: What's The Function of these genes? Static sites for model-based gene set analysis
Authors: Mungall Christopher J. , Holmes Ian H.
Published: April 2017

A common technique for interpreting experimentally-identified lists of genes is to look for enrichment of genes associated with particular ontology terms. The most common test uses the hypergeometric distribution; more recently, a model-based test was proposed. These approaches must typically be run using downloaded software, or on a server. We develop a collapsed likelihood for model-based gene set analysis and present WTFgenes, an implementation of both hypergeometric and model-based approaches, that can be published as a static site with computation run in JavaScript on the user's web browser client. Apart from hosting files, zero server resources are required: the site can (for example) be served directly from Amazon S3 or GitHub Pages. A C++11 implementation yielding identical results runs roughly twice as fast as the JavaScript version. WTFgenes is available from https://github.com/evoldoers/wtfgenes under the BSD3 license. A demonstration for the Gene Ontology is usable at https://evoldoers.github.io/wtfgo.
On Integral Policies in Deterministic and Stochastic Distribution Systems
Authors: Bo Yang , Dawande Milind , Janakiraman Ganesh , McCormick S. Thomas
Published: April 2017

The “integrality” question for dynamic optimization models of inventory control asks if there exists an integral optimal policy, given integral initial inventory levels, capacities, and demand realizations. One practical implication of this question lies in whether or not full-truckload (FTL) shipping is optimal if customer demand is in integral number of truckloads. In this paper, we investigate the integrality question in single-product, multiechelon distribution systems and show that integrality holds under deterministic demand but fails to hold under stochastic demand. In distribution systems with stochastic demand, less-than-truckload (LTL) shipping can be significantly cheaper than the cost of the optimal FTL shipping policy, even in the presence of economies of scale. For instance, this occurs in settings where shipping costs are expected to increase in the future and/or inventories are more expensive to hold upstream than downstream. In such situations, our results highlight the importance of strategically positioning inventory: LTL shipments can offer a more balanced allocation of inventory across the distribution network, leading to benefits that can exceed the savings from FTL shipments due to economies of scale. However, when the cost parameters are fairly constant across time and inventory holding costs are not significantly higher upstream than downstream, then the difference between the costs of optimal FTL and optimal LTL shipping is provably marginal.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1586 .
When She Brings Home the Job Status: Wives’ Job Status, Status Leakage, and Marital Instability
Authors: Byrne Alyson , Barling Julian
Published: April 2017

Women are increasingly represented in high status organizational positions. While the advancement of women into high status roles offers them many organizational benefits, the spillover and crossover effects of these high status positions on their marital relationships remain under explored. In this study, we focus on potential costs to the marital relationship when women in high status positions hold higher job status roles than their husbands. First, we examine the spillover effects of wives’ job status relative to their husbands’ on marital instability. We suggest that this relationship is indirect and mediated by negative thoughts and feelings toward their partners’ lower job status (which we refer to as “wives’ status leakage”) and decreased relationship satisfaction. Second, we investigate plausible crossover effects on husbands’ marital instability when wives have higher job status and suggest that husbands’ spousal support can moderate the indirect relationship between wives’ job status and wives’ marital instability. We explored these questions on 209 women in positions of high job status, a sample of 53 matched husband–wife dyads, and 92 of the wives who also completed questionnaires three years later. Full cross-sectional and longitudinal support emerged for the indirect spillover effects of wives’ job status on marital instability of wives, and direct crossover effects on husbands’ marital instability. In addition, the indirect relationship between wives’ job status on marital instability of wives was moderated by instrumental support. Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future research suggestions are discussed.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1120 .
Non-hormonal treatment options during the menopause
Authors: Holloway Debra
Published: April 2017

The standard treatment for women who have menopausal symptoms was previously hormone replacement therapy (HRT); however, women have been increasingly looking for alternatives. In 2015, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published guidelines on the management on short-term symptoms in the menopause, which has brought HRT back into focus. Despite this, many women still desire a different therapy. This article gives an overview of prescribed alternatives to HRT and discusses lifestyle and diet, alternative and complementary therapies, vaginal problems and patient support, as well as nurse education.
The harrowing stories behind the thousands who miss school
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: April 2017

With almost 15,000 children missing education, new research has shed light on the wide range of complex issues behind the statistics
Learning to be adaptable
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: April 2017

Key among the skills our students need in today's world are adaptability and resilience, both of which link to emotional intelligence. Karen Sullivan advises
Time for an early night
Authors: Trafford Bernard
Published: April 2017

Sleep and education go hand-in-hand, says Dr Bernard Trafford. We can't teach them if they haven't slept well…
Teaching practice: Revision
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: April 2017

Our teaching practice series now turns its attention to exam preparation and how we can help to make revision more effective for students. Matt Bromley explains
GCSE grading – 10 useful facts
Authors: O'Farrell Suzanne
Published: April 2017

This summer's exam results will see the first appearance of the new GCSE grades 1 to 9 as they begin to be phased in. Curriculum and assessment specialist Suzanne O'Farrell gives us 10 useful facts about the new numerical system
Implementation of Medicaid Managed Long-Term Services and Supports for Adults With Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities in Kansas
Authors: Williamson Heather J. , Perkins Elizabeth A. , Levin Bruce L. , Baldwin Julie A. , Lulinski Amie , Armstrong Mary I. , Massey Oliver T.
Published: April 2017

Many adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) can access health and long-term services and supports (LTSS) through Medicaid. States are reforming their Medicaid LTSS programs from a fee-for-service model to a Medicaid managed LTSS (MLTSS) approach, anticipating improved quality of care and reduced costs, although there is limited evidence of MLTSS effectiveness. This study's objective was to contribute to the growing MLTSS research literature by describing MLTSS implementation in Kansas for adults with IDD. Thirty-one stakeholders completed in-depth semi-structured interviews, representing state or regional groups, service coordination providers, and family caregivers. Findings identify key aspects of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' new MLTSS regulations in the design and implementation of MLTSS programs.
Об одном методе поиска глобального экстремума непрерывной функции на симплексе
Authors: Ливщиц Михаил Юрьевич , Livshits Mikhail Yurievich , Сизиков Александр Павлович , Sizikov Aleksandr Pavlovich
Published: April 2017

Рассматривается невыпуклая задача математического программирования, допустимой областью которой является симплекс. Для приближенного решения задачи предложен двухэтапный алгоритм. На первом этапе определяется область глобального оптимума, на втором осуществляется локальная «доводка» решения. Первый этап реализуется методом $\Psi$-преобразования, который менее чувствителен к размерности задачи, чем прямой случайный поиск. Метод состоит в построении и использовании $\Psi$-функции. Построение $\Psi$-функции осуществляется эмпирически, по результатам статистических испытаний. Для проведения испытаний используется генератор случайных точек, равномерно распределенных в допустимой области. Получение равномерного распределения в симплексе осуществляется путем аффинных и линейных преобразований точек, равномерно распределенных в единичном гиперкубе. Для уточнения приближенного решения, полученного на первом этапе, применяется метод отражения правильных симплексов. Алгоритм представляет собой череду серий. Каждая очередная серия начинается с уменьшения длины ребра «рабочего» симплекса и переноса последнего в область лучшей точки предыдущей серии. Рассматриваемая задача имеет важное прикладное значение. К ней сводятся задачи смешения, возникающие в нефтепереработке, нефтехимии, строительстве. В статье представлен пример использования разработанного алгоритма для оптимизации компонентного состава углеводородной смеси.
Нелокальная краевая задача для $B$-гиперболического уравнения в прямоугольной области
Authors: Зайцева Наталья Владимировна , Zaitseva Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: April 2017

Для гиперболического уравнения с оператором Бесселя поставлена начально-граничная задача с интегральным нелокальным условием первого рода в прямоугольной области. Поставленная задача с нелокальным интегральным условием первого рода эквивалентно сведена к локальной начально-граничной задаче со смешанными краевыми условиями первого и третьего рода. Методом спектрального анализа доказаны теоремы единственности и существования решения эквивалентной задачи. Решение построено в явном виде в виде ряда Фурье-Бесселя и приведено обоснование сходимости ряда в классе регулярных решений. Доказательство единственности решения эквивалентной задачи проводится на основании полноты системы собственных функций соответствующей одномерной задачи на собственные значения в пространстве квадратично суммируемых функций с весом. Для доказательства существования решения эквивалентной задачи используются оценки коэффициентов ряда и системы собственных функций, которые установлены на основании асимптотических формул для функции Бесселя первого рода при больших значениях аргумента и нулей этой функции. Получены достаточные условия относительно начальных условий, которые гарантируют сходимость построенного ряда в классе регулярных решений. Показана однозначная разрешимость первоначальной задачи.
Необходимые условия оптимальности второго порядка в одной стохастической задаче оптимального управления с переменным запаздывающим аргументом
Authors: Масталиев Рашад Огтай оглы , Mastaliev Rashad Ogtai ogly
Published: April 2017

Рассматривается задача оптимального управления нелинейными стохастическими системами, математическая модель которых задается стохастическим дифференциальным уравнением Ито с запаздывающим аргументом.
При предположении открытости области управления с помощью первой и второй вариации (в классическом смысле) функционала качества получено необходимое условие оптимальности первого и второго порядков.
В частном случае из необходимого условия оптимальности второго порядка получен стохастический аналог условия Лежандра-Клебша, а также ряд конструктивно проверяемых следствий.
Исследованы условия Лежандра-Клебша для случая вырождения,
получены необходимые условия оптимальности для особого в классическом смысле управления.
Групповая классификация одного нелинейного приближенного уравнения субдиффузии
Authors: Лукащук Станислав Юрьевич , Lukashchuk Stanislav Yur'evich
Published: April 2017

Решена задача групповой классификации нелинейного приближенного уравнения субдиффузии с малым параметром по приближенным допускаемым группам точечных преобразований относительно коэффициента аномальной диффузии, рассматриваемого как функция зависимой переменной. Приближенное уравнение получено из дробно-дифференциального уравнения субдиффузии с дробной производной Римана-Лиувилля по времени в предположении о близости порядка дробного дифференцирования к единице. Показано, что рассматриваемое приближенное уравнение субдиффузии обладает более широкой группой точечных симметрий по сравнению с исходным дробно-дифференциальным уравнением. Результаты групповой классификации позволяют строить приближенно инвариантные решения приближенного уравнения субдиффузии для различных видов функциональной зависимости коэффициента аномальной диффузии от зависимой переменной. Такие решения также будут являться приближенными решениями исходного дробно-дифференциального уравнения субдиффузии.
Квазиодномерная модель гиперболического типа гидроразрыва пласта
Authors: Ильясов Айдар Мартисович , Ilyasov Aidar Martisovich , Булгакова Гузель Талгатовна , Bulgakova Guzel Talgatovna
Published: April 2017

Представлена квазиодномерная модель гиперболического типа развития трещины гидроразрыва пласта в предположении, что коэффициент интенсивности напряжений намного превосходит коэффициент трещиностойкости породы. Рассматриваемая модель, учитывающая конвективные и нестационарные слагаемые в уравнении движения жидкости, является обобщением локальной модели Перкинса--Керна--Нордгрена. Доказано, что полученная система дифференциальных уравнений является квазилинейной строго гиперболической системой, для которой найдены характеристики и соотношения на характеристиках. В случае пренебрежения поправкой Кориолиса найдены инварианты Римана. При пренебрежении фильтрационной утечкой и вязкостью закачиваемой жидкости определены волны Римана, аналогичные простым плоским волнам в газовой динамике, и изучены их свойства. Исследована эволюционность границ трещины гидроразрыва пласта. Поставлена начально-краевая задача развития трещины гидроразрыва пласта. Показано, что при пренебрежении диссипативными слагаемыми в представленной модели можно построить теорию простых волн, аналогичную теории одномерной газовой динамики с изоэнтропическими плоскими волнами.
RESPONSABILIDADE EDUCACIONAL: PONTOS E CONTRAPONTOS
Authors: Neves Danilo Trombetta , Di Giorgi Cristiano Amaral Garboggini
Published: April 2017

Este artigo comporta parte da pesquisa sobre os projetos de lei versando sobre a responsabilidade educacional, com ênfase na promoção de uma educação básica pública com padrão mínimo de qualidade. A metodologia adotada foi a análise documental. O objetivo reside na verificação de eventual colaboração de uma lei de responsabilidade para a melhoria da qualidade da educação básica pública. A pesquisa revelou que os projetos são deficientes no que diz respeito à promoção da educação, estando superados pelo atual Plano Nacional de Educação. Outrossim, nota-se que o direito fundamental à educação básica pública constitui-se barreira ao retrocesso legislativo, principalmente para que não sejam consideradas suspensões de transferências voluntárias da União aos demais entes federados, ainda que não alcançadas as metas previstas em processo nacional de avaliação.
O CURRÍCULO NA ÁREA DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA PARA A PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Balca Angela , Azevedo Fernando
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo debruça-se sobre a questão do currículo na área da língua portuguesa para a educação pré-escolar em Portugal. Os nossos objetivos são compreender que aceção de currículo é adotada e como é perspetivado o currículo, para a área da língua portuguesa. A nossa metodologia centra-se na análise de conteúdo de determinados documentos oficiais que enformam este currículo. As principais conclusões são: o currículo mostra-se bastante flexível e é construído em conjunto com diversos atores, como os profissionais para a infância, as crianças e as famílias; a aquisição e o desenvolvimento da língua portuguesa são encarados como algo transversal, contribuindo para um entendimento da língua como uma matriz de identidade e como uma questão de cidadania.
CONCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORAS DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL SOBRE AS PRÁTICAS DOCENTES PARA A PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA
Authors: Voltarelli Monique Aparecida , Monteiro Maria Iolanda
Published: April 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma parte dos resultados obtidos pelo trabalho de mestrado que buscou compreender como se configuravam as práticas docentes de professoras iniciantes para atuar na primeira infância.  Para desenvolver este estudo, realizaram-se observações de campo, registros em diário, análise documental e entrevista semiestruturada. Optou-se pela pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, que foi realizada em três Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de uma Rede Municipal de ensino do interior de São Paulo, envolvendo três professoras iniciantes que trabalhavam com crianças de zero a três anos. O trabalho aponta para a necessidade de reflexão docente e discute sobre as concepções das professoras como determinantes na elaboração da ação pedagógica com as crianças. Apresenta a sociologia da infância como possibilidade de mudanças para atuar na primeira infância a partir da quebra de paradigmas sobre as crianças e a infância na sociedade.
BRINCANDO DE “SER SATERÉ-MAWÉ”: CONTEXTOS LÚDICOS DIVERSIFICADOS COMO ELEMENTOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO DAS CULTURAS INFANTIS.
Authors: Mubarac Sobrinho Roberto Sanches
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo consiste na apresentação dos resultados da pesquisa realizada junto à comunidade indígena da etnia Sateré-Mawé – a partir de uma inserção participante e de viés etnográfico em seus contextos cotidianos. A comunidade pesquisada se localiza em uma área urbana na cidade de Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil, tendo como sujeitos um grupo de 12 crianças entre 04 e 12 anos que durante 08 meses foram nossas interlocutoras e nos evidenciaram, através de diversas linguagens – desenhos, escrita, fala, músicas e brincadeiras – como elas vivem e constroem suas culturas da infância, tendo tanto os elementos tradicionais da cultura de seu povo quanto as diversas influências do meio urbano, elencados nos seus “jeitos de viver” sua cultura de maneira lúdica. O texto reflete juntamente com as crianças a importância da valorização da cultura Sateré-Mawé através das brincadeiras, dos desenhos, das músicas tradicionais e da língua, e como neste “lugar fronteiriço” – o espaço urbano – são construídas estratégias para garantir seus “jeitos” próprios de ser indígenas, de viver e construir suas culturas da infância, de ser da etnia Sateré-Mawé e, ainda de se relacionar com o “mundo” e a escola do “branco”. A pesquisa nos demonstrou a importância de olhar e compreender a infância sob a ótica das crianças Sateré-Mawé, entendendo que neste grupo indígena o conceito de infância é bastante distinto dos conceitos veiculados nos espaços acadêmicos, e o quanto, a partir desta compreensão, passamos a respeitar os seus modos de viver como crianças. Não aquela criança que se enquadra nos padrões das sociedades de consumo e que tem no brinquedo industrial e na mídia, a definição da imagem de si mesma. Mas, a visão das próprias crianças, que ao valorizarem suas culturas lúdicas, mostraram-nos o quanto vale a pena ser diferente num mundo que tanto impõe a padronização. Elas nos ensinaram que viver a infância é uma atividade plena e que se constrói nas relações mais intensas vividas no dia a dia cujas brincadeiras são fundamentais. Nada mais rico do que aprender com elas a olhar o mundo. Nada mais fascinante do que caminhar pelos seus imaginários. Aos que se encorajarem nessa “aventura”, a ida é sem volta, felizmente, pois ao escutarmos o que elas têm a nos dizer, jamais seremos os mesmos. Mais do que acompanhá-las nessa trajetória, aprendemos com elas e seu povo, que todo esse movimento, representa uma possibilidade diária de lutarem pelo direito social de ser quem são. O desafio está lançado, o texto é um convite a “entrarmos” nos seus mundos infantis.
CURRÍCULO E INFÂNCIA: O QUE QUEREM (PARA) AS CRIANÇAS?
Authors: De Oliveira Cristiane Gomes , Camões Maria Clara De Lima Santiago
Published: April 2017

A compreensão de currículo como produção cultural e da escola como contexto local onde os sentidos são negociados, evidencia a escola como espaço de produção de discursos políticos. Assumimos neste trabalho, uma perspectiva discursiva trazendo Bhabha e Bakhtin como nossos principais interlocutores para discutirmos o currículo, argumentando em favor de uma prática discursiva e o ato de enunciar como espaço de elaboração de sentidos. Aportadas no pensamento pós-estrutural, problematizamos a produção curricular na Educação Infantil, refutando identidades fixadas e propostas universalistas ou polarizadas. Finalizamos o artigo apontando para a subversão da lógica escolar da previsibilidade em direção à experiência da infância, refletindo sobre o papel das crianças na elaboração de sentidos e contornos que vão dando às práticas.Palavras-Chave:Currículo. Educação Infantil. Infância. Cultura.
CINEMA E EDUCAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DO FILME TOLERANTIA SOB A ÓTICA DA CONVIVÊNCIA SOCIAL
Authors: Silva Josineide Alves
Published: April 2017

ResumoEste texto apresenta resultados parciais da pesquisa desenvolvida pela autora: “O Uso Escolar do Filme no Currículo do Estado de São Paulo”. O objetivo geral foi o de contribuir para o aprimoramento das formas didáticas de construção de leitores de filmes. Neste sentido, o presente texto, procura argumentar sobre o uso didático-pedagógico de um filme na escola, observando a intencionalidade definida no trabalho escolar, ao atentar para o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências, inclusive no processo que envolve a leitura deste tipo de mídia. Assim, após identificar dificuldades de Convivência Social no espaço escolar, por uma série de questões internas e externas (no primeiro semestre letivo do ano de 2015), selecionei o filme Tolerantia (2008), sob a direção de Ivan Ramadan, como um instrumento didático-pedagógico para reflexão da temática em salas de aula do ensino fundamental e ensino médio, nas disciplinas de história e sociologia, observando também, o processo ideológico e estético desta produção cinematográfica, que será exposto, em um relato de experiência sobre a execução desta atividade.
INFLUÊNCIA DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO PSICOMOTOR DE CRIANÇAS COM CINCO ANOS DE IDADE
Authors: Costa Hélder Teixeira , Gonçalves José Filipe Silva , Pimenta Paulo Sérgio , Arufe-Giraldez Victor
Published: April 2017

No processo de ensino aprendizagem as aulas de Educação Física promovem o desenvolvimento físico e mental da criança. Este estudo pretende verificar a influência da aula de Educação Física no Desenvolvimento Psicomotor de alunos do ensino pré-escolar de cinco anos. A amostra foi constituída por 126 alunos, de ambos os sexos, com cinco anos de idade, de nove Jardins-de-infância públicos do Concelho do Porto (Portugal). Aplicou-se uma bateria de testes psicomotores (pré teste) para aferir o Perfil de Desenvolvimento Psicomotor dos alunos. Posteriormente a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: Grupo Experimental (GE = 62) e Grupo Controlo (GC = 64). De seguida, professores de Educação Física aplicaram, durante 24 semanas, um Plano de Educação Física Estruturado (PEFE), ao Grupo Experimental. Terminada a aplicação do PEFE aplicou-se a mesma bateria de testes psicomotores (pós teste) em ambos os grupos. Os resultados demonstraram que ambos os grupos evoluíram o seu perfil psicomotor, no entanto, esta evolução foi sempre superior no GE. Verificamos que não houve variações significativas quanto ao sexo.A Educação Física é importante para o Desenvolvimento Psicomotor das crianças em idade pré-escolar. Verificou-se a importância da Atividade Física na relação das crianças com o meio exterior através do desenvolvimento global promovido pelas aulas de Educação Física estruturadas.
Potensi Biogas dan Pupuk dari Limbah Lumpur Kertas
Authors: Priadi Cindy Rianti , Rahmatika Iftita , Fitria Chihiya , Wulandari Dwica , Sarwanto Moersidik Setyo
Published: April 2017

BIOGAS ENERGY AND FERTILIZING POTENTIAL FROM PAPER SLUDGE Paper sludge contains potential as energy and fertilizer due to the high amount of C, N and P. The aims of this study were to investigate resource recovery potential through biogas production from paper sludge only and with cow manure as co-substrate for 30-45 days in batch anaerobic digestion reactor. In addition, the fertilizer potential from digestate was also tested in Vetiveria zizanioides. Co-digestion with cow manure yielded higher methane gas up to 380 CH4/g VS due to a more optimum C/N ratio. Vetiver plants grown on digestate relatively showed the high growth performance after 4 weeks. The heavy metal accumulation from digestate was still in tolerable amount since the growth rate was not significantly different with the plant grown in fertilizer. Therefore, resource recovery technology can be an option to recover C, N and P in paper sludge to achieve sustainable waste management.  Keywords: ananerobic digestion; biogas;  fertilizer; paper sludge AbstrakLumpur dari Air Limbah industri kertas memiliki C, N dan P yang tinggi sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan energi dan menjadi pupuk, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pemulihan sumber daya (resource recovery) melalui produksi biogas dari lumpur kertas tanpa dan dengan ko-substrat kotoran sapi selama 30-45 hari dalam reaktor batch anaerobic digestion. Selanjutnya potensi pupuk dari digestat juga diuji dengan tumbuhan akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanioides). Setelah 45 hari, lumpur kertas dengan kotoran sapi menghasikan gas metana yang lebih besar, yaitu 380 CH4/g VS. Tanaman akar wangi yang ditanam dengan dengan digestat R2 tumbuh relatif tinggi setelah 4 minggu. Akumulasi logam berat juga masih dalam batas aman karena laju pertumbuhannya yang masih sebanding dengan tanaman yang diberi pupuk. Oleh karena itu, pemulihan sumber daya dapat diterapkan untuk memanfaatkan C, N dan P yang terkandung dalam lumpur kertas sebagai usaha pengelolaan limbah berkelanjutan.  Kata Kunci: biogas; digestasi anaerobik; lumpur kertas; pupuk
Halal Perspective of Microbial Bioprocess Based-Food Products
Authors: Kurniadi Muhamad , Frediansyah Andri
Published: April 2017

Halal food industries are growing rapidly in line with the growing number of World’s Muslim populations. The demand of halal food products by the non-Muslim’s countries have also increase as the increasing of the general public understanding of the strickly processed to achive halal status. Halal food is more than just a food product. It is also protect people from poisons, intoxication and hazardous substances exposure. Microbial bioprocess based-food products is one of alternative to create a variety of good quality and nutritious food products. These products can be fermented food, nutraceutical, whole microbes, probiotic and synbiotic. The presence of several microbes in gastric intestinal tract will also maintain mictobiota of human gut. Microbial agent is also important on producing the aroma, taste and color. It is also important on modifiying of food materials. As Muslim, people should follow the halal dietary laws. Halal food means any process to be a food product that is permissible of lawful by Islamic laws. It is defined in the holy Quran and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad. In general, the microbial based-food products are categorized into halal, haram and doubtful. To achieve the lawful status, six of main critical points in the use of microbes in food processing need to be considered. Microbial metabolite such as ethanol is one of crucial factor in order to achieve halal status of food products. In order to achieve the global halal market, several strategies must be applied to microbial bioprocess based-food industries.Keywords: microbe, halal, industry, bioprocess, critical point
Fabrikasi Kernel TRISO-UN dan Karakternya, Sebuah Kajian
Authors: Suwarno Hadi - , Rachmawati Meniek
Published: April 2017

Abstract TRISO-UN KERNEL FABRICATION AND ITS CHARACTERS, A REVIEW. High temperature nuclear reactors (HTRs) become the future nuclear power reactor due to its ability for electricity generation, hydrogen production and sea water desalination. Uranium nitride (UN) coated with tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coating materials has attracted the researchers because of its similar characteristics to UO2 buat has a higher density. There are beneficial in using UN as fuel due to the longer usage and efficient in refueling. The fabrication of UN kernel, coating of TRISO-UN, and characterics of UN have been reviewed. Among the technology provided for producing UN kernel, atomizing is selected due to its simply and less waste produced. Coating technology used follows the current technology for TRISO-UO2 that is fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition type. Since there are two types HTR fuel, block and ball types, fabrication technique of TRISO-UN fuel depends on the HTR type selected. Keywords: fabrication; coating; UN compound; TRISO-UN   Abstrak Reaktor nuklir suhu tinggi (high temperature reactors, HTR) merupakan reaktor daya masa depan karena dapat digunakan sebagai pembangkit daya listrik, penghasil gas hidrogen dan desalisasi air laut. Bahan bakar nuklir berupa senyawa uranium nitrida (UN) yang dilapisi dengan lapisan tristructural isotropic (TRISO) menjadi topik bahasan akhir-akhir ini. Pengembangan bahan bakar nuklir bentuk kernel UN untuk reaktor HTR dipromosikan karena memiliki karakter yang mirip dengan kernel UO2 namun memiliki densitas uranium lebih tinggi. UN memiliki keuntungan karena waktu pakai di reaktor lebih panjang dan penggantian bahan bakarnya lebih efisien. teknologi pembuatan kernel dan teknologi atomizing menjadi pilihan untuk pembuatan kernel UN karena proses lebih sederhana, waktu lebih cepat dan sedikit menghasilkan limbah. Teknologi pelapisan dan spesifikasi TRISO-UN yang akan dibuat mengikuti teknologi yang sudah terbukti, yaitu fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition type. Bahan bakar reaktor HTR yang ada di dunia ada dua tipe, yaitu tipe blok dan tipe bola, fabrikasi bahan bakar TRISO-UN disesuaikan dengan jenis reaktor yang akan dibangun. Kata kunci: fabrikasi; pelapisan; senyawa UN; TRISO-UN
Fortifikasi Seng (Zn) pada Beras Analog Berbahan Dasar Tepung dan Pati Ubi Ungu
Authors: Handayani Noer Abyor , Santosa Herry , Purbasari Aprilina , Kusumayanti Heny , Ariyanti Dessy
Published: April 2017

ZINC FORTIFICATION OF ARTIFICIAL RICE FROM PURPLE SWEET POTATO FLOUR AND STARCH. Zinc deficiency is believed to be as common as that of iron, with equally negatives consequences. Fortification of artificial rice with zinc is a cost-effective method that can be used to solve this problem. In the present study, artificial rice made from purple sweet potatoes flour and starchwere evaluated as food vehicles for fortification with zinc. This study consists of four main stages, preparation of flour and starch of purple sweet potatoes, zinc fortification, and artificial rice production. Zinc sulphate and zin acetate were used as the fortificant, and added at a level 50, 75, 100, and 125 ppm. Artificial rice fortified with zinc has been successfully carried out. Zinc concentrations in fortified artificial rice are higher than unfortified rice. Artificial rice has a porous structure, in order to improve the rehydration capacity.      Keywords : Artificial rice, Zinc (Zn) fortification , Purple weet potato flour, Purple sweet potato starch,  Defisiensi seng dipercaya telah meluas dan memiliki pengaruh negatif yang sama dengan defisiensi besi. Fortifikasi seng pada beras analog dipercaya dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Berdasarkan penelitian dengan variasi penambahan konsentrasi Zn pada beras analog ubi ungu. Penelitian ini menggunakan beras analog yang terbuat dari tepung dan pati ubi ungu sebagai food vehicle. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 tahapan utama, pembuatan tepung dan pati ubi ungu, tahap fortifikasi seng, dan proses pembuatan beras analog. Seng sulfat dan seng asetat ditambahkan pada konsentrasi 50, 75, 100, dan 125 ppm. Beras analog terfortifikasi seng memiliki konsentrasi seng yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan beras analog tanpa fortifikan. Beras analog terfortifikasi seng juga memiliki struktur berpori sehingg dapat meningkatkan kemampuan rehidrasi.   Kata Kunci : Beras analog, Fortifikasi Seng (Zn), Pati ubi ungu, Tepung ubi ungu
SINTESIS BIOMATERIAL HYDROXYAPATITE DENGAN PROSES FLAME SPRAY PYROLYSIS DISERTAI PENAMBAHAN ADITIF ORGANIK
Authors: Setiawan Adhi , Widiyastuti W , Winardi Sugeng , Nugroho Agung
Published: April 2017

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYAPATITE BIOMATERIALS BY FLAME SPRAY PYROLYSIS PROCESS WITH ADDITION OF ORGANIC ADDITIVES. Hydroxyapatite is  biomaterial which is widely used for biomedical aplication such as implant because  biocompatible, bioactivity, and strong affinity to biopolymers. Therefore parameters of morphology and crystallinity becomes an important parameter to be controlled. The addition of the organic additive on HAp precursor with ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, and urea is the alternative to improve the size, morphology, and crystallinity of HAp particles. The equipment for flame spray pyrolysis process includes ultrasonic nebulizer, flame reactor, and eletrostatic precipitator. The amount of organic additives used in experiment is  30%, 50%, and 100% by mass of the precursor. The result of SEM and XRD showed HAp synthesized by the addition of additive material has a smaller size than without using the additive and crystallinity is better than no additive. In addition HAp synthesized by the addition of 30% PEG additive have smallest average particle size about 114 nm, crystalite size about 16,6 nm and spherical morphology with a low agglomeration. Keywords: Hidroxyapatite, organic additives, flame spray pyrolysis, morfology  Abstrak Hydroxyapatite merupakan biomaterial yang seringkali diaplikasikan dalam biomedis sebagai bahan implant karena sifatnya yang biocompatible, bioactivity, dan memiliki afinitas yang kuat terhadap biopolimer. Oleh karena itu parameter morfologi serta kristalinitas partikel menjadi parameter penting untuk dikontrol. Penambahan aditif organik pada prekursor HAp dengan etilen glikol, polietilen glikol 400, serta urea merupakan alternativ agar memperbaiki ukuran, morfologi, serta meningkatkan kristalinitas partikel HAp. Peralatan utama flame spray pyrolysis meliputi ultrasonic nebulizer, reaktor flame, dan eletrostatik precipitator. Jumlah aditif organik yang digunakan pada eksperimen antara lain 30%, 50%, dan 100% massa prekursor. Hasil SEM dan XRD menunjukkan bahwa HAp yang disintesis dengan penambahan bahan aditif memiliki ukuran lebih kecil daripada tanpa menggunakan aditif dan tingkat kristalinitasnya lebih baik dibandingkan tanpa aditif. Selain itu HAp yang disintesis dengan penambahan aditif PEG sebanyak 30% memiliki ukuran rata-rata partikel yang terkecil yaitu sebesar 114 nm dengan ukuran kristal mencapai 16,6 nm serta memiliki morfologi bulat dengan tingkat aglomerasi yang rendah.
HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF BIOMASS WASTE BY USING A STIRRED REACTOR: AN INITIAL EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Authors: Eriska Herlian , Dewi Kania , Darmawan Pasek Ari , Damanhuri Enri
Published: April 2017

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process used to convert wet biomass waste become a coal-like material with higher carbon content called hydrochar. In this study, design and performance test of hydrothermal carbonization prototype reactor is done. Stirred reactor was made of stainless steel 304 with volume of 1 Liter and electric heater as a heating mantle. The HTC reactor was utilized to perform the carbonization of three materials (paper, left-rice, and woodchip) as substrates, in order to study the influence of the temperature conditions on the hydrochar produced. The substrates represent major component in municpal solid waste (MSW). The study showed that chemical and physical properties of several feedstock and hydrochar varied as a function of reaction temperature. HTC is operated in batch at temperatures of 160°, 190° and 220oC, 60 min of reaction time, and 1 MPa initial pressure of nitrogen gas. Three of product were collected from the process with primary material balance. Results showed the products change as the temperature increased. The results suggested that hydrothermal treatment of biomass waste to solid fuel gave high heating value (HHV) with value of 5231.3, 4569.5, and 5422.7 kcal/kg for paper, left-rice, and woodchip respectively after product dried naturally.
Circadian rhythms and second language performance
Authors: De Bot Kees , Fang Fang
Published: April 2017

Human behavior is not constant over the hours of the day, and there are considerable individual differences. Some people raise early and go to bed early and have their peek performance early in the day (“larks”) while others tend to go to bed late and get up late and have their best performance later in the day (“owls”). In this contribution we report on three projects on the role of chronotype (CT) in language processing and learning. The first study (de Bot, 2013) reports on the impact of CT on language learning aptitude and word learning. The second project was reported in Fang (2015) and looks at CT and executive functions, in particular inhibition as measured by variants of the Stroop test. The third project aimed at assessing lexical access in L1 and L2 at preferred and non-preferred times of the day. The data suggest that there are effects of CT on language learning and processing. There is a small effect of CT on language aptitude and a stronger effect of CT on lexical access in the first and second language. The lack of significance for other tasks is mainly caused by the large interindividual and intraindividual variation.
Positive and negative emotions underlie motivation for L2 learning
Authors: MacIntyre Peter D. , Vincze Laszlo
Published: April 2017

The role of basic emotions in SLA has been underestimated in both research and pedagogy. The present article examines 10 positive emotions (joy, gratitude, serenity, interest, hope, pride, amusement, inspiration, awe, and love) and 9 negative emotions (anger, contempt, disgust, embarrassment, guilt, hate, sadness, feeling scared, and being stressed). The emotions are correlated with core variables chosen from three well-known models of L2 motivation: Gardner’s integrative motive, Clément’s social-contextual model, and Dörnyei’s L2 self system. Respondents came from Italian secondary schools, and most participants were from monolingual Italian speaking homes. They described their motivation and emotion with respect to learning German in a region of Italy (South Tyrol) that features high levels of contact between Italians and Germans. Results show that positive emotions are consistently and strongly correlated with motivation-related variables. Correlations involving negative emotions are weaker and less consistently implicated in motivation. The positivity ratio, that is, the relative prevalence of positive over negative emotion, showed strong correlations with all of the motivation constructs. Regression analysis supports the conclusion that a variety of emotions, not just one or two key ones, are implicated in L2 motivation processes in this high-contact context.
The role of attitudes in the development of Russian as a foreign language: A retrospective study
Authors: Bátyi Szilvia
Published: April 2017

The article reports the findings of a retrospective study which looked at Hungarian learners’ attitudes towards Russian people, the Russian language and teachers of Russian. Mixed-methods sequential explanatory design (Ivankova, Creswell, & Stick, 2006) was applied which combines the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data in two consecutive phases. First person accounts turned out to be a useful and relevant resource for exploring individual differences in proficiency in Russian. Differences in attitudes appear to play a role in the developmental process, but to what extent this refers to attrition or non-acquisition is unclear.
Hyperspectral imaging: future applications in security systems
Authors: Bürsing Helge , Gross Wolfgang
Published: April 2017

The idea behind hyperspectral imagers (HSI) is to generate an image with hundreds of contiguous narrow channels, the so-called spectral bands. As each material has a specific spectral signature, robust detection and classification of specific materials is now achievable. Spectra can be characterized by narrow features in their signatures that broadband and multispectral cameras cannot resolve. As a result of technical progress, new HSI with higher spatial resolution and better signal-to-noise ratios have been developed. Additionally, it is possible to buy small HSI that weigh less than 1 kg, which opens up new applications in surveillance and monitoring with unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Despite the capabilities of hyperspectral data evaluation, HSI is applied to surprisingly few tasks. This is a result of the sheer amount of recorded data that needs to be analyzed and the complex data pre-processing when the sensors are not used in a controlled environment. Also, extensive research is required to find the most efficient solution for a given task. The goal of this letter is to introduce and compare the different sensor techniques, discuss potential use for applications in civil security and give an outlook of future challenges.
Failures of metallic components involving environmental degradation and material- selection issues
Authors: Lynch Stan
Published: April 2017

Environmentally assisted failures involving poor materials selection (or heat treatment), along with some examples where the specified material was (inadvertently) not used, are described. The materials discussed are martensitic steels, stainless steels, aluminium alloys, and copper alloys. The examples discussed include some cases where the material-selection issue was with welds, coatings, or insulation rather than the component material per se. The failure modes discussed are hydrogen embrittlement, stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, metal-induced embrittlement, galvanic corrosion, selective corrosion (dealloying), and intergranular corrosion. The characteristics of fracture/corrosion, which contribute toward correctly diagnosing the modes and causes of failure, are also outlined along with comments on the mechanisms involved.
Fatigue behavior of Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) under repeated compression loading tests perpendicular to the grain
Authors: Ogawa Keita , Shimizu Kosuke , Yamasaki Mariko , Sasaki Yasutoshi
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the fatigue behavior of Japanese cypress as a result of compression. Repeated compression loading tests were conducted on small clear wood specimens in the form of a pulsating triangular wave of frequency 1.0 Hz, and 864000 repeated loading cycles were performed. The change in stiffness and the maximum strain (STRmax) with repeated loadings were investigated, based on the stress-strain relationship obtained from the test. Stiffness hardly changed under conditions of low stress levels (SLs), even under repeated loading. STRmax increased exponentially as the number of loading cycles increased. Furthermore, the fatigue limit was predicted by analyzing the change of STRmax with repeated loading. According to the analysis, the fatigue limit was revealed to be approximately 60% of the SL (standardizing the stress when the strain is 0.05 under static load).
The Impact of SearchTrails on the Quality of Collaborative Search
Authors: Franken Sebastian , Norbisrath Ulrich , Prinz Wolfgang
Published: April 2017

Several collaborative search systems build upon real-time collaboration during search processes. With the software SearchTrails, we present a novel way of capturing and exchanging the search process between collaborators. We achieve this by asynchronously exchanging the newly developed search trails between collaborators and thus overcome the necessity of real-time interaction for search support. In a study with 29 participants, we evaluate the value of search trails as collaboration artifacts to answer the research question whether search trails improve the quality of collaborative search results. We confirm this and show that users can build upon work of co-searchers in a very efficient way by analyzing and extending the given search trails.
Tuning in to More Interactivity – Learning from IT Support for Advisory Service Encounters
Authors: Dolata Mateusz , Schwabe Gerhard
Published: April 2017

Advisory service encounters change their character from expertise provision to interactive problem solving, thus increasingly relying on mutual and intensive interaction between the advisor and the advisee: they turn into interactive advisory service encounters. Simultaneously, modern collaborative IT finds its way into service encounters as a method to engineer, enrich, and standardize them. An IT system equipped with interactive features may enhance the encounter’s interactivity, but it may also limit it by capturing participants’ attention. This study explores the influence of IT on the interactivity in advisory service encounters. It arrives at the conclusion that an extensive tuning in precedes a phase of enhanced interactivity in IT-supported advisory service encounters.
Orientation and Navigation Support in Resource Spaces Using Hierarchical Visualizations
Authors: Gross Sebastian , Kliemannel Marcel , Pinkwart Niels
Published: April 2017

In this article we investigate how orientation and navigation in (extensive) spaces consisting of digital resources can be supported by using hierarchical visualizations. Such spaces can consist of heterogeneous sets of digital resources as for instance articles from Wikipedia, textbooks, and videos. Due to easier access to digital resources in the Internet age, a manual exploration of these spaces might lead to information overload. As a result, techniques need to be developed in order to automatically analyze and structure sets of resources. We introduce a prototypical implementation of a visualization pipeline that extracts information dimensions from resources in order to group them into semantically similar clusters, and visualizes these clusters using two different visualizations: a treemap visualizing clusters and nested subclusters, and a rooted tree visualizing groups of semantically similar resources as subtrees. In a lab study we evaluated the two visualizations and compared them to two control groups. The results may hint to users’ better understanding of the resources’ underlying knowledge as compared to using typical approaches (e.g. web search results as list) when using hierarchical visualizations.