bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classificação de seres vivos por alunos de anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: uma proposta de desenvolvimento de habilidades científicas
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea Inês , Leonardi Ariadne De Freitas , Rangel Carolina , Bernardi Geovane , Silveira Maira Dos Santos , Ferreira Sabrina Antunes
Published: February 2020

O artigo apresenta uma experiência pedagógica desenvolvida junto a estudantes de anos iniciais do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública no município de Palmeira das Missões, RS. A experiência foi desenvolvida através da temática “Classificação biológica dos seres vivos” que objetivou a percepção dos estudantes através de seus conhecimentos cotidianos sobre a forma de organização e classificação da diversidade dos organismos vivos, possibilitando avaliar e discutir as diferenças em relação à classificação biológica, sem, contudo, propor a exclusão de um conhecimento por considerar o outro o correto. Além, disso, oportunizar aos alunos no desenvolvimento de habilidades científicas, associadas ao observar, organizar, classificar, propor modelos, argumentar e relatar oralmente. A pesquisa teve como instrumento investigativo a construção em grupos de cartazes, apresentando um sistema de classificação biológica a partir da observação de 36 imagens (fotográficas) contendo diferentes exemplares de animais, vegetais, fungos, vírus, bactérias e protozoários. Os alunos foram observados em cada grupo por um dos pesquisadores e além de organizarem o sistema classificatório, deveriam estabelecer critérios para os mesmos. Ao todo, foram formados dezesseis grupos, que organizaram dezesseis cartazes de classificação, estes foram recolhidos e analisados. Os resultados permitiram evidenciar que os alunos classificaram os animais de acordo com o ambiente em que vivem, táxon, e características observáveis. Verificou-se que a classificação por habitat diminuiu com o avanço dos anos de escolaridade, dando menos ênfase à observação. Quanto às plantas, observou-se que a maioria dos alunos possui uma visão utilitarista antropocêntrica, em especial ao papel destes organismos na alimentação humana. Em relação aos microrganismos notou-se que os alunos possuem uma visão reducionista e muitas vezes errônea referente a esses seres, classificando-os como pequenos causadores de doenças. Ao compararmos os anos de ensino, verificou-se que os alunos dos primeiros anos (primeiro, segundo e terceiro) apresentam uma melhor observação e à medida que possuem mais idade, a classificação foi mais memorística, baseada em táxons e classificações presentes em livros didáticos. Tais resultados mostram que desenvolver as habilidades científicas dos alunos é muito importante.
A importância da experimentação no ensino de ciências para o entendimento do ciclo da água: uma proposta para a educação infantil
Authors: Machado Ana Carolina Ferreira , Santos Verônica Soares dos , Rizzatti Ivanise Maria
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo é resultado de um projeto desenvolvido com uma turma de Educação Infantil de uma escola pública da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Boa Vista/RR, em que foram avaliadas e aplicadas atividades pedagógicas com o intuito de trabalhar o tema “Água”. O objetivo foi refletir sobre a importância da experimentação enquanto estímulo a aquisição de conhecimentos no Ensino de Ciências desde a Educação Infantil. Neste estudo, a proposta desenvolvida buscava contribuir para a formação de conceitos sobre o ciclo da água na natureza enquanto elemento potencializador da aprendizagem, de forma prática e lúdica. Verificou-se com a realização do experimento terrário que esse tipo de abordagem metodológica diferenciada, utilizada para a fixação de conceitos científicos no Ensino de Ciências, pode ser desenvolvido desde a Educação Infantil, para que assim o aluno cresça estimulado a participar de atividades experimentais, como forma de contribuir para a sua formação integral e sensibilizar para a alfabetização científica.
Jogos matemáticos e a formação de professores indígenas nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Novak Maria Simone Jacomini , Menezes Maria Christine Berdusco , Franco Evania Da Silva Novak
Published: February 2020

Estudos sobre a formação de professores indígenas no Brasil mostram que esse processo iniciou-se de forma sistemática a partir da Constituição de 1988. Nos anos de 1990 criou-se a categoria Escola Indígena e esta acaba por exigir a contratação de professores indígenas para atuar com crianças nas diferentes etapas da educação. Este artigo expõe a relação entre a formação de professores indígenas e o ensino de matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Considerando a diversidade cultural dos povos indígenas, enfatizamos a etnomatemática e suas particularidades como entendimento da interrelação dos conhecimentos matemáticos indígenas e os conhecimentos universais. A metodologia adotada pautou-se em estudos teóricos e práticos, uma vez que para o desenvolvimento do artigo houve a proposição de uma oficina pedagógica enfatizando o uso de jogos no ensino dos conteúdos da matemática. A oficina foi desenvolvida no decorrer do programa federal Saberes Indígenas na Escola, em dois momentos, na Universidade e em escolas indígenas, sendo uma escola da etnia Guarani e a outra da etnia Kaingang. Os estudos teóricos evidenciam a necessidade de relacionar os conhecimentos que os indígenas possuem sobre a matemática usada no dia a dia com os conhecimentos definidos no currículo escolar. Com as oficinas pedagógicas os professores indígenas relataram que as crianças indígenas quando brincam e jogam fazem uso da matemática, o que dá sentido para a elaboração de jogos matemáticos já que os mesmos são facilmente encontrados nas brincadeiras. Verificamos que, há avanços na política educacional pautada aos povos indígenas, entretanto, ainda requer uma sistemática permanente de pesquisas, estudos e manutenção de uma política diferenciada, específica, bilíngue e intercultural que garanta os direitos indígenas conquistados na Constituição de 1988.
Internal corporate social responsibility and organizational creativity: An empirical study of Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Nguyen Nhu Ngoc , Nham Phong Tuan , Takahashi Yoshi
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between internal corporate social responsibility (CSR), a type of CSR particularly for employees within organizations, and two types of innovation, that is, exploratory and exploitative innovation. The focus is on the mediating effects of affective commitment, knowledge sharing, and organizational creativity within the relationship.Design/methodology/approach: This study’s data were collected in Vietnam via questionnaire survey. Regarding survey administration, first, we chose the five biggest universities, which specialize in economics and business in Hanoi. Then, from those universities, we randomly selected graduate classes whose students are full-time employees in various companies around Hanoi. The questionnaire included multi-items designed to measure factors. Each item was measured by 5 point Likert scale: 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Among 750 distributed questionnaires, 252 were returned. After screening and deleting those questionnaires with missing information or those from large companies, 212 remained for further investigation, representing 28.3% of the valid response rate. There are 130 manufacturing companies and 82 non-manufacturing companies in this sample. For the statistical analysis of the data, we follow the three-step procedure of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling.Findings: This study successfully tests the empirical relationship between internal CSR and innovation by introducing the mediating effects of knowledge sharing, affective commitment, and organizational creativity. In other words, the results support our hypotheses that predict positive mediating effects, except for the relationship between training and development as one aspect of internal CSR and affective commitment, although training and development have an indirect relationship with innovation through knowledge sharing and, in turn, organizational creativity.Originality/value: The study contributes to the literature on internal CSR, especially because it provides the new empirical evidence for the relationship between internal CSR and innovation, which has been vague in academic research up to now. In particular, by incorporating knowledge sharing, affective commitment, and organizational creativity, the relationship becomes clearer, more reliable, and comprehensive. We emphasize that the factors concerned are relevant to the case of small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries, because they often face difficulties implementing external CSR due to resource constraints.
Charge carrier mobility dynamics in organic semiconductors and solar cells
Authors: Gulbinas Vidmantas
Published: February 2020

Charge carrier mobility in organic semiconductors is not a constant value unambigously characterizing some particular material, but depends on the electric field, temperature and even on time after it was generated or injected. The time dependence is particularly important for the thin-film devices where charge carriers pass the organic layer before mobility reaching its stationary value. Here we give a review of experimental techniques with ultrafast timeresolution enabling one to address the mobility kinetics and analyse properties of the time-dependent mobility in conjugated polymers and organic solar cells. We analyse kinetics during the charge carrier generation and extraction of free charge carriers. The mobility typically decreases by several orders of magnitude on a picosecond-nanosecond time scale; however, its kinetics also depends on the investigation technique. The mobility kinetics in blends for bulk heterojunction solar cells strongly depends on the stoichiometric ratio of donor and acceptor materials.
Black silicon quality control by conditions of nickel-assisted etching of crystalline silicon surfaces in photovoltaic devices
Authors: Kamarauskas Mindaugas , Treideris Marius , Agafonov Vladimir , Mironas Audružis , Strazdienė Viktorija , Rėza Alfonsas , Šetkus Arūnas
Published: February 2020

Here we present a study of the nickel-assisted etching applied to form uniform black silicon layers on crystalline silicon substrates. We related the parameters used for technological process control (etchant, nickel thickness) to parameters of the obtained surface and explain the correlation using the etching model responsible for etching of the silicon covered by a thin nickel film. The increase in the thickness of the metal catalyst did not suppress the etching completely but allowed one to tune the roughness of the silicon surface. The rate of the electrochemical etching was additionally changed by adaptation of the proportion of components in the complex etchant. Depending on the intentionally selected conditions, the duration of the optimized process was from 3 to 10 min. The lowest optical reflection commonly accepted as the black silicon surface was obtained for the mixture with a low amount of the active etchant component. It was demonstrated that the method is acceptable to improve the characteristics of a photovoltaic cell.
Zavest ljudi o pitni vodi
Authors: Smrekar Aleš
Published: February 2020

The modern way of life requires the exploitation of natural resources, which leads to a significant deterioration of the environment and can even endanger human health.

The basic hypothesis is that the population of Slovenia in general is still too inadequately informed and insufficiently environmentally educated and aware about water as a natural resource to have the motivation and capability to actively participate in the protection of water as a natural resource.
Most people support environmental protection in principle, especially declaratively, since this is a socially approved action. However, when faced with restrictions that would interfere with their way of life by limiting their activities or increasing their expenses, their enthusiasm decreases rapidly. And the closer we get to actions we could define as “environmentally active," the fewer people are actually prepared to protect the environment. Possibly a fifth of the population can be defined as people who favour environmental protection and consider it a value for which they themselves are willing to do something.
The survey showed that level of education is very significant relative to people’s response to environmental problems and that the more educated are more environmentally friendly.
Characterization and Evaluation of Ca/Al LDHs Adsorbents Synthesized by a One-Step Hydrothermal Method for Congo Red Removal
Authors: Nguyen Hong Tham Thi , Uyen Dao Thi To , Nguyen Duy Chinh , Tran Van Thuan , Lam Tri Duc , Bach Long Giang , Vo Dai Viet N , Nguyen Dai Hai , Do Sy Trung , Nguyen Trinh Duy
Published: February 2020

We investigated the fabrication of Ca/Al layered double hydroxide (LDHs) via a one-step hydrothermal approach with slow hydrolysis of urea at a low temperature without further annealing required. The as-synthesized Ca/Al LDHs nanostructures obtained were defined using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that Ca/Al LDHs exhibit excellent adsorption performance on Congo red anionic dyes in aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity of the Ca/Al LDHs toward Congo red was found to be 59.41 mg/g.
Progress in the Application of Rare Light Metal Beryllium
Authors: Zheng Li Fang , Wang Xiao Gang , Yue Li Na , Xie Ya Jie , Wu Bao Peng , Zhong Jing Ming
Published: February 2020

As a special functional and structural material, the rare metal beryllium has been widely applied in many key areas due to its excellent nuclear properties, optical properties and physical properties such as low density, high specific stiffness, high specific strength, and excellent thermal properties. This article systematically reviews application of beryllium in strategic nuclear energy, high-energy physics, inertial navigation systems, aircraft structural components, optical systems and commercial fields. The paper also examines how beryllium promoted technological advances and improved the facilities performance in its applications fields. Beryllium plays an important role in the development of nuclear technology, defense, and aerospace, which make beryllium become a strategic and critical engineering material. The paper provides a reference for scientists and technicians to employ beryllium in more fields.
Social Determinants of Health: How Environmental Factors Affect Health
Authors: Wick Jeannette Y.
Published: February 2020

Increasingly, public policy makers, professional organizations, and academics are discussing social determinants of health—the conditions in which people live, work, and age. The impetus for the discussion is a growing awareness that medication and any type of health care is a
poor substitute for improving a patient's living conditions. Health care is a necessary but insufficient intervention when people develop chronic disease. Addressing the social determinants of health that include poverty, food insecurity, health literacy, neighborhoods, and the environment
is essential if we are to improve an individual's overall health. This is the focus of population health, and to address social determinants of health adequately, the medical team needs to expand to give all team members overlapping duties. It also needs to include social workers and legal
representatives. Pharmacists may wonder how the theories associated with social determinants of health can be incorporated into their practices. This article discusses a number of different approaches.
Financial Prudence through Financial Education:
A Conceptual Framework for Financial Inclusion
Authors: Laily Dwi Arsyianti Laily Dwi Arsyianti
Published: February 2020

This paper aims to develop a framework to improve financial prudence
through financial education and financial inclusion for low-income households in
Indonesia. Knowledge shapes attitude, which later influences behavior. A household,
in terms of its social production function, needs to feel secure financially in order not to
fall into insolvency or bankruptcy. Households that are equipped with better financial
education and knowledge are more likely to undertake recommended financial
behaviors. By targeting the low-income group through a financial inclusion agenda, the
government, Islamic social finance practitioners, and academicians enable low-income
households to act with financial prudence.
Contagion between Islamic and Conventional Banks in Malaysia:
Empirical Investigation using a DCC-GARCH Model
Authors: Monia Ben Latifa Monia Ben Latifa
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this paper is to compare the stability, in terms of contagion, of
conventional and Islamic banks in Malaysia. We use a DCC-GARCH model to
estimate the dynamic conditional correlation (a measure of financial contagion) for a
sample of one Islamic bank and eight conventional banks during the period from
March 31, 2004 to March 18, 2014. From the empirical findings, we show that the
conditional correlation between the returns of conventional and Islamic banks in
Malaysia increased during the period of financial crisis. This finding implies the
existence of a financial contagion effect between Islamic and conventional banks in
Malaysia. Also, we find that financial contagion represents a major factor for the
transmission of risk between Islamic and conventional banks.
An Islamic Approach to Inequality and Poverty
Authors: Asad Zaman Asad Zaman
Published: February 2020

We argue that ways of thinking about poverty changed dramatically due
to the Great Transformation in Europe which created a market society. These ways
spread to the rest of world due to the colonization and global conquest of Europe.
The market society requires a labor market which de-humanizes people turning
them into commodities. This and other related changes in attitudes toward wealth
and poverty are the sources of the difficulties created by poverty and inequality. An
Islamic approach requires re-creation of society on the basis of generosity and
cooperation, values which are antithetical to greed and competition, the basis of
market societies. We sketch a three-dimensional approach to resolving problems
created by inequalities and poverty, based on spiritual, social, and institutional
components. In each area, the source materials of Islam and Islamic history provide
ample guidance and precedent for a radically different approach to these problems.
التغيرات الموسمية في الصفات الطبيعية والكيميائية لثمار صتفي نخيل البلح روثانة وربيعة
Authors: أحمد مخلص عبده السيسي أحمد مخلص عبده السيسي
Published: February 2020

أجري هذا البحث على صنفي نخيل البلح روثانة وربيعة بمحطة الأبحاث الزراعية ( بمنطقة هدى الشام) التابعة لجامعة الملك عبد العزيز ، جدة لمدة عامين متتاليين (1995 ، 1996م ). وذلك لدراسة التغيرات الموسمية لبعض الصفات الطبيعية والكيميائية للثمار خلال مراحل نموها تحت ظروف المناطق الجافة لتحديد ميعاد نضج الثمار والوقت المناسب لجمعها. تميز نمو ثمار نخيل البلح بحدوث زيادة سريعة في وزن الثمرة ، وزن اللحم والبذرة ، وبلغت هذه الصفات أقصى قيمة لها بعد 16-18 أسبوعاً من التلقيح في صنفي ربيعة وروثانة على التوالي، ثم حدث انخفاض طفيف في صفات الثمار السابقة الذكر عند بلوغ الثمار مرحلة الرطب( النضج) بعد19-20 أسبوعاً من التلقيح في صنفي ربيعة وروثانة على التوالي. وجدت علاقة عكسية بين نسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية ونسبة الرطوبة في لحم الثمار ، حيث كانت أعلى نسبة للمواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية عند نضج الثمار ، وذلك عندما بغت نسبة الرطوبة في الثمار أقل قيمة لها. تذبذبت نسبة الحموضة بين النقص والزيادة خلال نمو الثمار حتى بلغت أقل قيمة لها عند النضج وذلك في كلا الصنفين.
فعالية حشرة الميجاسلياسكالاريس (لوي) من رتبة ذات الجناحين ن عائلة ( فوريدي) ضد أكثر أنواع القواقع الأرضية شيوعا في شمال مصر
Authors: حمدي بديع محمد الوكيل حمدي بديع محمد الوكيل
Published: February 2020

في هذه الدراسة تم تعريض ستة أنواع من القواقع الأرضية لحشرة الميجاسلياسكالاريس(لوي)، وتم حساب متوسط عدد القواقع الحية والنسبة المئوية لعدد الموتى في القواقع بعد 1 ، 2 ، 3 ، 4 أسابيع . وأوضحت النتائج أن هناك اختلافات معنوية في النسب المئوية لموت القواقع بعد أربعة أسابيع من التعريض هي 100% ، 100% ، 70% ، 100% على التوالي . وعلى جانب آخر ، فإن القواقع المعرضة الأخرى مثال الرومينا ديكولاتا والكوشيلسيلا أيوتا لم يتم التطفل عليها إطلاقاً ، حيث كانت النسبة المئوية لعدد الموتى في هذه القواقع هي صفر% . هذا وقد أوضحت النتائج أن حشرة الميجاسلياسكالاريس( لوي) المسجلة في البيئة المصرية حديثاً يمكن أن تستعمل في برامج المكافحة الحيوية للقواقع الضارة في مثر ، بينما سوف تكون هذه الحشرة غير ضارة بأنواع القواقع النافعة والتي تقوم بافتراض أنواع القواقع الضارة.
مدة قابلة الأزهار المؤنثة للإخصاب لنصفي نخيل البلح غر وسكرية ينبع ب ـ علاقتها بصفات الثمار الطبيعية
Authors: محمد عبد الرحيم شاهين محمد عبد الرحيم شاهين
Published: February 2020

أجريت هذه الدراسة على صنفي نخيل البلح غر وسكرية ينبع بمحطة الأبحاث الزراعية ( بمنطقة هدى الشام) التابعة لجامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجدة لمدة عامين متتاليين ( 1996 ، 1997م ). وذلك لدراسة العلاقة بين مدة بقاء الأزهار المؤنثة صالحة للإخصاب وتأثير ذلك على الصفات الطبيعية للثمار. حدثت زيادة تدريجية في وزن الثمرة في كلا الصنفين عندما تأخر إجراء التلقيح بعد تفتح الأغاريض المؤنثة وبلغت أعلى قيمة لها عند إجراء التلقيح بعد مضي 12 يوماً من تفتح الأغاريض المؤنثة في كلا الصنفين ويرجع ذلك إلى حدوث نقص في عقد الثمار مع تأخير التلقيح. كما حدثت زيادة تدريجية في وزن اللحم والبذرة عندما تأخر موعد تلقيح الأزهار، الزيادة التي حدثت في وزن البذرة كانت طفيفة جداً وغير معنوية في أغلب الأحوال ، بينما كانت الزايدة في وزن لحم الثمرة معنوية، وهذا يوضح أن الزيادة التي حدثت في وزن الثمرة كنتيجة لتأخير إجراء التلقيح ترجع أساساً زيادة وزن لحم الثمرة وانعكس ذلك بطبيعة الحال على نسبة اللحم إلى البذرة ، حيث حدثت زيادة تدريجية لها عند تأخر موعد التلقيح. كما حدثت زيادة في أبعاد الثمرة (الطول والقطر) عند تأخر إجراء التلقيح وكانت نسبة الزيادة في الطول والقطر متماثلة إلى حد كبير.
نوعية وتخفيف مياه مصب الصرف الصحي بمياه ساحل الكورنيش الجنوبي لمدينة جدة على البحر الأحمر
Authors: محمد سعيد علي مدرس محمد سعيد علي مدرس
Published: February 2020

تم تحديد نوعية وتخفيف مياه مصب الصرف الصحي بساحل الكورنيش الجنوبي لمدينة جدة، والذي يتلقى مخلفات مياه صرف صحي منزلية وصناعية من مدينة جدة. وقد أظهرت عينات المياه التي تم جمعها من المصب أن متوسط تركيز النترات والنيتريت والأمونيا والفوسفات كان 3,56،25,38،2130 و 56,85 ميكرومول / لتر ، على التوالي. كما أن مستويات المتطلب الأكسجيني الكيميائي والحيوي أعلى من المستوى الطبيعي ، حيث كان متوسطها 1030 و 325 مليجرام/ لتر، على التوالي. تراكيزها 0,58 ، 49,6 ، 29,63 ، 47,05 6,82 و 89,59 ميكروجرام/ لتر لكل من الكادميوم، الكروم، النحاس، النيكل ، الرصاص والزنك، على التوالي. كما وجد أن أعداد البكتيريا الهوائية عضوية التغذية، بكتيريا القولون وبكتيريا القولون البرازي قد بلغت 9,3 ×910 /مل ، 8,3×810 و 6×710 /100مل، على التوالي. ويمكن أن تُعزى الزيادة الكبيرة في أعداد البكتيريا جزئيا إلى مياه الصرف الناتجة من النشاط الإنساني الكبير نسبيا والمتنوع، ومن المحتمل أيضا أن يكون نتيجة للمعالجة الضعيفة للمياه المتدفقة. التيارات البحرية خلال فترة الدراسة كانت جنوبية شرقية وسرعتها 0,5م/ثانية، كما أن عمود الماء كان منتظماً وبوضوح خلال شهري فبراير ومارس 2000م وبمعدل كثافة 1,0267 كجم/م3. معدل التخفيف تم تقديره بناء على كثافة مياه المجاري وكثافة المياه المستقبلة وكمية وعمق الصب، حيث وجد بالنسبة لصب يبلغ 2×510 م3/يوم أن أقل تخفيف لنحو 100 مرة من الممكن الحصول عليه باستخدام ناشر طوله 200م وعلى مستوى عمق يبلغ 30م.
تقدير القيمة الغذائية لدريس نبات الكوخيا في علائق لأغنام
Authors: محمود خورشيد محمود خورشيد
Published: February 2020

تم إجراء تجارب الهضم المعملي وثلاث تجارب هضم وميزان أزوت على تسعة من ذكور الأغنام التي تتناول علائق تحتوي على دريس نبات الكوخيا أو / وقش الأرز مع العلف المركز وقد تمت دراسة معاملات الهضم وميزان الأزوت وبعض قياسات الدم على الأغنام المغذاة على العلائق المختبرة والمحتوية على دريس نبات الكوخيا. دلت نتائج تلك الدراسة على أنه يمكن استخدام دريس نبات الكوخيا ( خاصة العلائق المحتوية على 50% دريس الكوخيا مع 50% علف مركز) في علائق الأغنام بنجاح دون ظهور أي تأثير غير مرغوب على نشاط القناة الهضمية أو وظائف الكبد والكرى وكان أداء الحيوانات جيداً.
نمذجة العرض والطلب على مياه منطقة جدة ـ الاستراتيجيات المختلفة لتخطيط مصادر المياه تحت الظروف الحالية والمستقبلية .
Authors: محمد نصر الدين علام محمد نصر الدين علام
Published: February 2020

استخدم نظام المدخلات والمخرجات لتطوير خمس خطط مائية مستقبلية لمنطقة جدة ـ مكة المكرمة ـ الطائف . تشتمل هذه الخطط على صيغ مختلفة لإعادة استعمال المياه المبتذلة حتى عام 2000م. بينت هذه الخطط المائية أن إعادة استعمال المياه المتذلة بات ضروريا لتجنب العجز المائي التوقع مستقبلاً. لذا فقد أوصت هذه الخطط بعدم استخدام المياه الجوفية في الأغراض الزراعية بل يجب أن يقتصر استخدامها في الأغراض المنزلية، وأن سقيا الأراضي المروية في القطاع الزراعي بالمياه المبتذلة المعالجة سيضاعف من مساحتها عشر مرات. وأخيراً تم استخدام جميع المعلومات المتوفرة والنتائج التي توصلت إليها هذه الدراسة لوضع التصورات التخطيطية للمياه العام 2010 لمنطقة الدراسة وتحديد سعات محطات التحلية ومعالجة الصرف الصحي اللازمة لعامي 2000 و 2010م.
الجدوى الاقتصادية لمشروعات الصرف المغطى في محافظة كفر الشيخ ـ جمهورية مصر العربية
Authors: محفوظ حامد محمد الطوخي محفوظ حامد محمد الطوخي
Published: February 2020

تركز جهود التنمية الزراعية في جمهورية مصر العربية على التنمية الزراعية الرأسية باعتبارها المجال المحتمل لزيادة الإنتاج الزراعي نظرا لمحدودية مياه الري وكذا المشروعات التي تؤدي إلى صيانة وتحسين الأراضي الزراعية القديمة وتخليصها من مشاكل الزراعة وذلك عن طريق نشر شبكات الصرف الزراعي المغطى والعام بهذه الأراضي على مستوى الجمهورية . وتستهدف هذه الدراسة توضيح مدى أهمية تنفيذ هذه المشاريع وجدواها الاقتصادية. وقد اختيرت محافظة كفر الشيخ لتقييم جدوى الصرف المغطى باستخدام معايير الجدوى الاقتصادية الزراعية. وقد استخدمت الميزانيات المحصولية لكل من القمح والأرز الصيفي والذرة الشامية الصيفية والقطن وبنجر السكر كمحاصيل رئيسية بمحافظة كفر الشيخ .. نظرا لأهميتها الإستراتيجية على مستوى المحافظة فضلا عن أهميتها للاقتصاد القومي باعتبارها من أهم المحاصيل التصديرية والاستيرادية المصرية . وقد أوضحت نتائج التحليل الاقتصادي التأثير الإيجابي لتنفيذ الصرف المغطى بمراكز المحافظة . وقد تم حساب معدل العائد الداخلي لتطبيق مشروع الصرف الصحي بالمحافظة موضوع الدراسة وكان معدل دوران رأس المال حوالي اربع سنوات حيث بلغ نحو 24.35% عند سعر خصم 20% ، كما زاد معدل العائد للتكاليف عن الواحد الصحيح مما يعني جدوى مشروعات الصرف المغطى اقتصادياً. وقد أوضحت الدراسة أن لتنفيذ مشروعات الصرف المغطى آثار اقتصادية إيجابية غير مباشرة منها زيادة مساحة الأراضي الزراعية وتسهيل الخدمة باستخدام الآلات الزراعية ، والتوفير في مقننات الري والصرف، وفي تكلفة الصيانة للفدان ، وإزالة الأملاح الزائدة بالغسيل الدوري للتربة فضلاً عن الآثار الصحية المترتبة على القضاء على الأمراض المتوطنة بالبيئة. كما انتهت الدراسة إلى عدد من التوصيات التي يمكن الاستفادة منها في توسع نطاق تنفيذ مشاريع الصرف المغطى للنهوض بالإنتاج الزراعي من ناحية ، والحد من الأوبئة والأمراض في المناطق التي كانت تستخدم الصرف المكشوف من قبل من ناحية أخرى.
تأثير الري بمياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة على التربة والنبات
Authors: علي عبد الله الجلعود علي عبد الله الجلعود
Published: February 2020

أقيمت تجربة حقلية في تربة طمية طينية لتقييم تأثير استخدام مياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة على التربة والنبات ( قمح ، بريم) . أشارت النتائج إلى أن متوسط وزن المادة الجافة للقطعة 94.8 كجم لمياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة و 76.9كجم لمياه الري العادية وكان الفرق عالي المعنوية عند استخدام مياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة عنه عند استخدام مياه الري العادية . متوسط وزن حبوب القمح 6.74 طن / هكتار لمياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة و 5.95طن/ هكتار لمياه الري العادية ، محتوى الحديد 145 جزء بالمليون والزنك 35.5جزء بالمليون من القمح المروي بمياه الري العادية ، كما كان تركيز الحديد في البرسيم المروي بمياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة 3.59 جزء بالمليون و 3.25 جزء بالمليون المروي بمياه ري عادية وبفرق معنوي عالي عند استخدام مياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة عنه في مياه الري العادية . تركيز العناصر الثقيلة السعة مثل النحاس ، الرصاص ، النيكل والكوبلت في النبات لم يصل إلى الحد الضار حسب المقاييس المعروفة. زاد تركيز النيتروجين في التربة زيادة معنوية كما زاد الفوسفور والبوتاسيوم في التربة المروية بمياه ري صرف صحي معالجة إلا أن الزيادة لم تكن معنوية مقارنة مع التربة المروية بمياه ري عادية . تعزى الزيادة في المحصول في القطع المروية بمياه صرف صحي معالجة إلى زيادة محتواها من العناصر الغذائية وسد احتياجات النباتات بهذه العناصر .
Rayleigh wind retrieval for the ALADIN airborne demonstrator of the Aeolus mission using simulated response calibration
Authors: Zhai Xiaochun , Marksteiner Uwe , Weiler Fabian , Lemmerz Christian , Lux Oliver , Witschas Benjamin , Reitebuch Oliver
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Aeolus, launched on 22 August in 2018, is the
first ever satellite to directly observe wind information from the surface
up to 30 km on a global scale. An airborne prototype instrument called ALADIN airborne
demonstrator (A2D) was developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) for
validating the Aeolus measurement principle based on realistic atmospheric
signals. To obtain accurate wind retrievals, the A2D uses a measured
Rayleigh response calibration (MRRC) to calibrate its Rayleigh channel
signals. However, differences exist between the respective atmospheric
temperature profiles that are present during the conduction of the MRRC and
the actual wind measurements. These differences are an important source of
wind bias since the atmospheric temperature has a direct effect on the
instrument response calibration. Furthermore, some experimental limitations
and requirements need to be considered carefully to achieve a reliable MRRC.
The atmospheric and instrumental variability thus currently limit the
reliability and repeatability of a MRRC. In this paper, a procedure for a
simulated Rayleigh response calibration (SRRC) is developed and presented in
order to resolve these limitations of the A2D MRRC. At first the
transmission functions of the A2D Rayleigh channel double-edge Fabry–Pérot
interferometers (FPIs) in the internal reference path and the atmospheric
path are characterized and optimized based on measurements performed during
different airborne and ground-based campaigns. The optimized FPI
transmission functions are then combined with the laser reference spectrum
and the temperature-dependent molecular Rayleigh backscatter spectrum to
derive an accurate A2D SRRC which can finally be implemented into the wind
retrieval. Using dropsonde data as a reference, a statistical analysis based
on a dataset from a flight campaign in 2016 reveals a bias and a standard
deviation of line-of-sight (LOS) wind speeds derived from a SRRC of only
0.05 and 2.52 m s−1, respectively. Compared to the result
derived from a MRRC with a bias of 0.23 m s−1 and a standard deviation
of 2.20 m s−1, the accuracy improved and the precision is considered
to be at the same level. Furthermore, it is shown that the SRRC allows for the
simulation of receiver responses over the whole altitude range from the
aircraft down to sea level, thus overcoming limitations due to high ground
elevation during the acquisition of an airborne instrument response
calibration.
Global catchment modelling using World-Wide HYPE (WWH), open data, and stepwise parameter estimation
Authors: Arheimer Berit , Pimentel Rafael , Isberg Kristina , Crochemore Louise , Andersson Jafet C. M. , Hasan Abdulghani , Pineda Luis
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Recent advancements in catchment hydrology (such as understanding catchment
similarity, accessing new data sources, and refining methods for parameter
constraints) make it possible to apply catchment models for ungauged basins
over large domains. Here we present a cutting-edge case study applying
catchment-modelling techniques with evaluation against river flow at the
global scale for the first time. The modelling procedure was challenging but
doable, and even the first model version showed better performance than
traditional gridded global models of river flow. We used the open-source
code of the HYPE model and applied it for >130 000 catchments
(with an average resolution of 1000 km2), delineated to cover the
Earth's landmass (except Antarctica). The catchments were characterized using
20 open databases on physiographical variables, to account for spatial and
temporal variability of the global freshwater resources, based on exchange
with the atmosphere (e.g. precipitation and evapotranspiration) and related
budgets in all compartments of the land (e.g. soil, rivers, lakes, glaciers,
and floodplains), including water stocks, residence times, and the pathways
between various compartments. Global parameter values were estimated using a
stepwise approach for groups of parameters regulating specific processes and
catchment characteristics in representative gauged catchments. Daily and
monthly time series (>10 years) from 5338 gauges of river flow
across the globe were used for model evaluation (half for calibration and
half for independent validation), resulting in a median monthly KGE of 0.4.
However, the World-Wide HYPE (WWH) model shows large variation in model
performance, both between geographical domains and between various flow
signatures. The model performs best (KGE >0.6) in the eastern USA,
Europe, South-East Asia, and Japan, as well as in parts of Russia, Canada,
and South America. The model shows overall good potential to capture flow
signatures of monthly high flows, spatial variability of high flows,
duration of low flows, and constancy of daily flow. Nevertheless, there
remains large potential for model improvements, and we suggest both redoing
the parameter estimation and reconsidering parts of the model structure for
the next WWH version. This first model version clearly indicates challenges
in large-scale modelling, usefulness of open data, and current gaps in
process understanding. However, we also found that catchment modelling
techniques can contribute to advance global hydrological predictions.
Setting up a global catchment model has to be a long-term commitment as it
demands many iterations; this paper shows a first version, which will be
subjected to continuous model refinements in the future. WWH is
currently shared with regional/local modellers to appreciate local
knowledge.
Simulation of storm surge inundation under different typhoon intensity scenarios: Case study of Pingyang County, China
Authors: Shi Xianwu , Yu Pubing , Guo Zhixing , Chen Fuyuan , Wu Xiuguang , Sun Zhilin , Cheng Wenlong , Zeng Jian
Published: February 2020

Abstract. China is one of the countries that are most seriously affected by storm surges. In recent years, storm surges in coastal areas of China have caused huge economic losses and a large number of human casualties. Knowledge of the inundation range and water depth of storm surges under different typhoon intensities could assist pre-disaster risk assessment and making evacuation plans, as well as provide decision support for responding to storm surges. Based on historical typhoon-induced storm surges in the study area of Pingyang County in Zhejiang Province, China, key parameters including typhoon tracks, radius of maximum wind speed, astronomical tide, and upstream flood runoff were determined for different typhoon intensities. Numerical simulations were conducted using these parameters to investigate the inundation range and water depth distribution of storm surges in Pingyang County under five different intensity scenarios (915, 925, 935, 945, and 965 hPa) with consideration of the impact of seawall collapse. The simulation results show that the range of storm surge inundation expands with increasing typhoon intensity. The scenario with the most intense typhoon (915 hPa) had the most adverse track, with an associated area of inundation of 233 km2 that included most areas of the town of Aojiang, eastern areas of Wanquan, northern areas of Songbu, as well as parts of Kunyang and Shuitou.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY AND RESIDUAL EFFECT OF Pterodon polygalaeflorus (BENTH.) BENTH. (FABACEAE) FRUIT OIL EXTRACTS AGAINST Aedes aegypti (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Amando Teles de Menezes Armanda , Silva Beltrão Tayrrana , Sousa Silva Liliane , Helena Garcia da Silva Heloisa , Garcia da Silva Ionizete , Realino de Paula Jose , Aline Romano Camila , Carla Peixoto Guissoni Ana
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the larvicidal activity of Pterodon polygalaeflorus oil extract against the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. For this, crushed P. polygalaeflorus fruit underwent solvent extraction to obtain the oil extract. The chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. For the bioassays third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti were utilized. Tests were carried out to determine the larvicidal activity and the residual effect under laboratory conditions, as well as field screening (small scale).The major components of P. polygalaeflorus oil extract were, respectively, E-caryophyllene, germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene. Lethal concentrations of 50% and 90% were 36.5 and 64.8 μg/mL respectively. The solution presented a residual effect for seven days and the efficiency of the product was preserved under field conditions. The results encourage continuing studies with the oil extract of P. polygalaeflorus as a research target for bioinsecticides.KEY WORDS: Bioinsecticide; sucupira; terpenes; vector control.
OCCURRENCE AND AWARENESS OF HEAD LICE AMONG ELDERLY RESIDENTS IN LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES IN UBERLANDIA, MG, BRAZIL
Authors: Sousa Figueira Amanda , Laura Araújo Rodrigues Ana , Borges- Moroni Raquel , Mendes Julio , Tonissi Moroni Fábio
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the occurrence of head lice in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Uberlandia, MG, Brazil, analyze associations with sex, ethnicity, age and hair characteristics, and verify awareness among elderly adults. Head inspections were performed and infestation was characterized on individual forms. A questionnaire on the biology, epidemiology and control of head lice was applied. Overall occurrence was 1.4%, being highest in elderly women with medium-length curly hair. Questionnaire responses indicated that the majority had no general knowledge on head lice. More than 40% reported infestation at some point in their lives and most knew how to control it. Overall occurrence was considered low and is related to measures adopted by the LTCFs, which controlled infestation by minimizing the influence of factors normally associated with its occurrence. The study was pioneer in analyzing associations between head lice and the degree of autonomy of elderly adults.KEY WORDS: Head lice; infestation; elderly adults; Uberlandia, MG.
Bactrodesmium pulcherrimum sp. nov. from Ecuador
Authors: Espinoza Fernando , Sosa Daynet , Serrano Lizette , Quevedo Adela , Magdama Freddy , Vera Marcos , Pérez-Martinez Simón , Malosso Elaine , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F.
Published: February 2020

A new species Bactrodesmium pulcherrimum, found on decaying wood in Ecuador, is described and illustrated. The fungus is distinguished by subnapiform to broadly subturbinate (maize kernel-shaped) 1-septate asymmetrical ochreous-brown conidia. Illustrations of Bactrodesmium
novageronense and B. simile and a comparison table of bicellular Bactrodesmium species are also provided.
Pteridicolous ascomycetes from a cloud forest in eastern Mexico
Authors: Medel-Ortiz Rosario , Baeza Yajaira , Lorea-Hernández Francisco G.
Published: February 2020

Twenty-one ascomycetous taxa collected on ferns in a cloud forest of Veracruz, Mexico are reported and described. Fourteen represent new records for the Mexican mycobiota: Bisporella pteridicola, Crocicreas quinqueseptatum, Dasyscyphella dryina, Durella macrospora,
Hamatocanthoscypha helicotricha, Hyaloscypha fuckelii, Lachnum brevipilosum, L. nudipes, Mollisia ventosa, Orbilia auricolor, Protocreopsis pertusa, Seimatosporium tostum, Stictis carnea, and S. radiata. Two collections—Cyathicula
and cf. Arachnopeziza—that could not be fully identified may represent new species. The remaining five taxa have previous Mexican records but are reported here from new fern hosts. This study increases to 25 the number of ascomycete species known to occur on ferns in the cloud
forests of Mexico.
Notes on rust fungi in China 7. Aecidium caulophylli life cycle inferred from phylogenetic evidence and renamed as Puccinia caulophylli comb. nov.
Authors: Ji Jing-Xin A , Li Zhuang , Li Yu , Kakishima Makoto
Published: February 2020

Spermogonial and aecial stages of Aecidium caulophylli on Caulophyllum robustum (Berberidaceae) were shown by phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S sequence data to be identical to a uredinial and telial rust on Milium effusum (Poaceae). A new combination,
Puccinia caulophylli is proposed for this species, and an epitype is designated.
Urban Transformation and Development-induced Displacement in the Informal Economy
Authors: Jawando Jubril Olayiwola , Samuel Oluranti Sunday
Published: February 2020

This study examines the disconnection between effective communication and policy implementation in the lives of development-induced displaced persons in the informal economy in metropolitan Lagos. Development induced displacement has been seen as one of the largest categories of internal displacement affecting the urban poor. It occurs where coercion is employed and choices constrained. Evidence suggests that a large number of the people in the informal economy are affected and their experience has been extremely negative in cultural, economic, and health terms. The outcomes usually included lost of properties, displacement, unemployment, debt-bondage, hunger and cultural disintegration. The study was anchored on the cultural estrangement theory. The study was based on 10 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted with the affected people in Ijora-Badia, Mile 2 and Orile and 20 in-depth interview sessions with some of the displaced persons and officials of relevant agencies in the metropolis. The finding reveals lack of effective communication between the government officials and the displaced people, high-handedness on the part of government officials, lack of social support for the displaced people, high incidence of crime rate, high unemployment rate, dislocation of the informal economy, physical death, insecurity of life and property and psychological torture. The study therefore, recommends that the government should devise means for adequate compensation to avert a possible threat to ameliorate the suffering of informal economy operators. There is the need for government to enlighten and disseminate information about government policies to people operating in the informal sector in Lagos State.
Estimación de los precios de las acciones de Netflix, Inc., por medio del análisis de regresión exponencial.
Authors: Brenes González Humberto Antonio
Published: February 2020

El análisis de regresión lineal exponencial, es una herramienta sumamente importante en el mundo de las finanzas y la economía, con este análisis se pueden realizar proyecciones y pronósticos de una variable dependiente explicada por una variable independiente que presenten una relación curvilínea. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar una ecuación que permitiera estimar los precios mensuales de las acciones de Netflix, Inc., por medio de un modelo de regresión lineal exponencial. Los coeficientes betas estimados para el modelo, de manera individual, fueron significativos tanto para el coeficiente de la base como para el del argumento, cuyos valores fueron de 57.8122 y 0.0333, respectivamente. La prueba global de significancia de los coeficientes betas, también fue estadísticamente significativa, presentando un valor  de 543.13, validando de esta manera el modelo planteado.
Formación de cooperativas y su efecto en el desarrollo productivo, económico y social en Nicaragua
Authors: Escalante Zepeda Jorge Dimitrov
Published: February 2020

En este artículo, se realiza un análisis sobre los aportes significativos brindados por economistas, filósofos y empresarios precursores de la organización de las cooperativas, que fundaron las bases teóricas y legales para su funcionamiento, en Europa y América, así mismo, se aborda la formación de cooperativas en Nicaragua en el siglo pasado y los efectos en el presente. Es una investigación cualitativa, donde se aplicaron fuentes primarias y secundarias, propias de este tipo de estudio. Entre los principales resultados, están: El periodo de desarrollo cooperativista que transcurre entre los años 1895 y 1914, los aportes teóricos que favorecieron la organización de las cooperativas, siendo eclipsadas por los gobiernos en el poder, obteniéndose logros significativos con el Gobierno del Frente sandinista, con relación a mayor número de cooperativas, desarrollo de valores colectivistas e impacto positivo tanto en la producción como en lo económico del país.

 

Esta investigación ha sido posible gracias al Financiamiento de un Contrato de Beca del Fondo para Proyectos de investigación (FPI), de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, UNAN-Managua.
Empirical formulas for calculating
Continuous Cooling Transformation
diagrams
Authors: Trzaska J.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The paper presents empirical formulas for the calculation of Continuous Cooling
Transformation (CCT) diagram basing on the chemical composition and austenitizing
temperature.
Design/methodology/approach: In the method of calculating CCT diagrams proposed
in the paper, two types of tasks are solved. First task is classification and consists in
determining the range of cooling rate for particular phase transformations. The second
task is regression, which aims at calculating the transformations temperature, hardness
and volume fraction of phases in steel. The model of CCT diagrams was developed using
multiple regression and logistic regression methods.
Research limitations/implications: CCT diagrams can be calculated according to the
presented method, if the chemical composition of steel meets the criteria defined by the
application range of the model.
Practical implications: The formulas presented in the article can be used to determine
the conditions for heat treatment of structural steels.
Originality/value: The paper presents the method for calculating CCT diagrams of the
structural steels and engineering steels, depending on their chemical composition as well
as austenitizing temperature.
Endothelial dysfunction in a child with Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome managed with Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty using a suture pull-through technique
Authors: Vadhul, BS Raghav , Halbach, MD Caroline S. , Areaux Jr., MD Raymond G. , Berry, MD Susan , Hou, MD Joshua H.
Published: February 2020

A 4-year-old girl with a history of Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome presenting with severe, progressive photophobia was found to have bilateral, diffuse corneal thickening and peripheral pigmentary retinopathy. She underwent Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) surgery in both eyes using a modified suture pull-through technique. Postoperatively there was no evidence of cataract formation or graft detachment; her corneas thinned, and her photophobia improved dramatically.
ENTRE A INVESTIGAÇÃO-AÇÃO, A SUPERVISÃO E A REFLEXÃO NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE EDUCADORES DE INFÂNCIA NO PORTUGAL DE HOJE
Authors: Marchão Amélia , Henriques Helder
Published: February 2020

This article aims to discuss the initial training of children educators under the current legislation in Portugal. Above all, it intends to focus on internship processes and how they unfold by questioning research action as a model and supervisory practices from a critical questioning perspective. The authors build on their experience and reflection as trainers and supervisors of initial training in a Higher Education Institution in Portugal and combine in their reflective exercise a review of the specialized bibliography, which includes results of studies they developed and whose main objective was to listen to the voices of students about internship processes, whether in day care or kindergartens that serve children until they enter school. From the literature review, their experiences and revisiting the voices of the students involved in two studies, they point out the main trends observed: the importance of communication channels between the training institution and the internship places; the importance and aspects to be taken into account during the internship / research action and the importance of a supervision that streamlines the critical thinking of trainees.