bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamental principles of the functioning of the rule of law in Ukraine as a criterion for mutually beneficial cooperation with EU countries: philosophical and legal foundations
Authors: Derbak V. , Derbak A.
Published: December 2022

It is noted that the world community is observing numerous international crimes in Ukraine, which are committed in the course of an undeclared full-scale war against our country, which has been waged by the Russian Federation since February 24 under the invented slogans of the so-called “special operation”. So, right now, Ukraine needs radical changes in various spheres of social life, the implementation of which, in particular, is intended to be facilitated by constitutional reforms. Their strategic goal is the formation of a new system of social relations, the transformation of the value foundations of the life of Ukrainian society in close connection with the principles of building a legal state in the EU countries.

It is indicated that the principles of the rule of law in Ukraine as a criterion for mutually beneficial cooperation with the EU countries should be understood as the basic ideas on which the functioning of the rule of law is based, the basic principles of the organization and effective functioning of such a state, which reflect universal human values reflected in international legal acts, found their consolidation in the form of constitutional norms and aimed at strengthening and developing mutually beneficial cooperation between Ukraine and EU countries. At the same time, from the content of the proposed definition, the principles of the rule of law in Ukraine as a criterion for mutually beneficial cooperation with EU countries are characterized by the following set of features: 1) these are the most general, initial provisions, ideas that are of fundamental importance for the organization of state power, they determine the direction of their activities in the direction of the development of mutually beneficial cooperation with the EU countries, the construction of these bodies as a whole; 2) the principles are an expression of political and legal ideas prevailing in Ukraine, concerning the tasks, the way of forming and exercising state power in the sphere of mutually beneficial cooperation with EU countries; 3) the principles derive from the content of the provisions of international legal acts; 4)the principles must be enshrined in the norms of constitutional legislation (first of all, at the level of the Constitution of Ukraine).
CONSIDERATION OF INDIVIDUAL-STYLE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF MATHEMATICIANS
Authors: Povidaychyk Oksana , Povidaichyk Mykhailo , Karbovanets Eduard
Published: December 2022

Growing requirements for modern mathematical education and the need to improve its quality predetermine the search for and application of effective educational technologies and practices that take into account the individual-style characteristics of students. A direct relationship has been established between the learning style and the difficulties that applicants face in the learning process. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to take into account individual learning styles in the process of professional training of future mathematicians. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, systematization (to clarify the key concepts of the study), questioning (to determine the individual style characteristics of students), generalization (in order to form author's conclusions). The essence of the concept of «individual learning style» has been clarified as a set of stable cognitive and behavioral factors that determine the characteristics of the student's perception of educational material and reactions to various educational situations. Some models of individual learning styles are analyzed (Kolb (provides four main style types of personality behavior (diverges, assimilators, converges, accommodators)), Honey and Mumrford (doers, thinkers, theorists, pragmatists), Felder, Silverman (contains four dimensions and corresponding style features («Information perception» – sensitive, intuitive, «Information acquisition» – visual, verbal, «Information processing» – active, reflective, «Information understanding» – consistent, global) and their features are defined. The results of an empirical study of the individual style characteristics of students, future mathematicians (according to the «Learning Style Index», Felder, Soloman) are presented. The necessity of taking into account individual learning styles in the planning and implementation of the educational process is substantiated. In particular, when choosing the most optimal forms, methods, teaching technologies, diagnostic tools, adapting the ways of presenting educational material through its visualization, planning a flexible structure of classes, presenting the material gradually, consistently and based on the individual difference in learning styles of applicants. Knowledge of the prevailing learning styles determines pedagogical self-regulation and ensures the effectiveness of the professional training of future specialists, future mathematicians.
FORMATION OF INFROMATION COMPETENCES OF PUPILS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THE FIRST DEGREE BY MEANS OF GOOGLE SERVICES APPLYING
Authors: Rozlutska Halyna , Nevmerzhytska Olena , Nazarov Volodymyr
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the problem of information competence’s formation of pupils of general secondary education institutions of the first degree applying the Google services. It was noted that today the issue of information competence’s formation of pupils, has been actualized, especially in conditions of distance learning. The main purpose of the article is to identify the possibilities of using Google services in the educational process of general secondary education of the first degree, to establish and describe prospects of formation of information competence’s formation of pupils of general secondary education institutions of the first degree. То achieve the goal and objectives of the research, analytical and synthetic methods of working with scientific and methodical sources, analysis of own experience in the field of IT technologies were used to determine the toolkit of Google services for the formation of innovative competence of children of primary school age The content of the following concepts: «competence», «information competence», «digital competence», «information service» and «modern interactive educational environment» was analyzed and disclosed in this article. The concept of information competence and its formation according to the requirements of the new Ukrainian school was considered. The particular attention was focused on the effective usage of information technologies during epidemiological and military events. The list of the best information services that can be applied in the education process in order to form the information competence of primary students is presented. Detailed instructions for all information services considered in this article were developed. These instructions were presented with a brief description of work and effective usage in the educational process of distance learning. In addition, the patterns of structuring the corresponding services in the form of interactive educational environment were described. The format of the offered interactive educational environments meets all the standards and requirements provided by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF UKRAINIAN FOSTER FAMILIES DISPLACED TO THE SWISS CONFEDERATION DURING THE WAR IN UKRAINE
Authors: Syniakova Vira
Published: December 2022

A terrible war is raging in Ukraine as a result of Russian aggression against the Ukrainian independent state. Millions of people are under threat. Families and children are displaced within and outside the country. The situation of displacement is extremely difficult even under favorable conditions, and during martial law its peculiarities are complicated by hostilities, which leads to excessive psychological trauma of displaced persons. Friendly European countries show solidarity and accept refugees. Switzerland, within its administrative decisions and at the request of the civilian population, also creates safe conditions for the stay of Ukrainian citizens on its territory during the hostilities on Ukrainian soil. A special category of Ukrainian citizens who have an urgent need for safe conditions are Ukrainian foster families, as they are extremely vulnerable in war conditions due to the likelihood of losing their families again. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the life of Ukrainian foster families displaced to the Swiss Confederation during the war in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: at the first stage, we carried out a theoretical analysis, in particular, an analysis of the regulatory and administrative provisions of the Swiss Confederation regarding persons in need of protection during hostilities and in their native country and semantic analysis of concepts to identify the standards of support for Ukrainian foster families. The article proves that the full-fledged life of Ukrainian foster families in the territory of the Swiss Confederation is based on international and territorial legislative norms and is ensured through the following components: favorable living conditions, an adequate level of material support, sufficient educational level, medical, social and psychological support.
COMMUNICATIVE-ACTIVITY APPROACH IN COMPETENCE ORIENTED EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Sira Larysa
Published: December 2022

The article determines the features of the implementation of communicative-activity approach in competence-oriented educational process of higher education. The prospects and directions of development of the modern educational system are actualized. Society more than ever needs new specialists, who would find answers for the challenges of the era and effectively implement them in the process of daily professional activity. The author substantiates the idea that the dominant is the creation of creative and developmental environment of the modern university, which begins with creation of a team of like-minded teachers, who broadcast and produce value attitudes, ideas of self-worth, openness, goodwill, respect to the dignity of human with faith in capabilities on the basis of ethnically oriented pedagogy. It is proved, that a person-oriented education should prepare future specialists to professional life as a continuous act – to deed life, which is a vertex entity, a spiritual apogee in human activity: development of morally responsible independence, originality, self-awareness, self-action, uniqueness as a value basis of the individual`s life. Such value-semantic ideas that represent the essential forces and should determine the change in such structural components of the system education as a goal, content, forms and means of modern professional education. Research methods applied: analysis, synthesis and systematization of scientific literature on pedagogy, psychology, philosophy, sociology, encyclopedic and reference, educational and methodological publications, regulatory and legal acts, information resources of the Internet - to clarify, compare and compare approaches in the direction of the outlined problems. The article reveals that the ideas of self-worth, openness, sincerity of each personalities are essential for facilitating the education process, where human`s personality is a unique holistic system that has opportunities for self-development. This partnership between the teacher-facilitator and future specialists will create conditions for personal and professional growth, self-actualization, revealing the abilities of all participants in the educational process on the basis of productive communicative interaction, the atmosphere of the unconditional acceptance, respect for dignity, trust and positive frankness.
THE ESSENCE AND GENESIS OF STUDENT ACADEMIC FREEDOM OF MODERN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Tajanovsky Vladyslav
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the topic of the presented article is determined by the theoretical and practical significance of a wide range of problematic issues regarding the understanding of the content and genesis of academic freedom. The purpose of the article is to define the essence of the phenomenon of academic freedom, to analyze its genesis and the main stages of its development. The following research methods were used: dialectical (to reveal the essence and purpose of academic freedom), historical (to study and highlight the main stages of its genesis) and the method of systemic analysis (to establish structural connections between the stages of the development of academic freedom and systematize the data obtained). The essence and regulatory legal support of the genesis of academic freedom is revealed. The concept and social-legal nature of academic freedom is defined and substantiated, the main stages of its development are clarified, and the real state of academic freedom in Ukraine is investigated. It was concluded that the most significant constraints for academic freedom in the context of today’s challenges are: mass education; managerialization of university structures; imperfect regulatory legal system; commercialization of science and education. Modern society makes stricter demands on universities; the accelerated development of new information and communication technologies and the formation of a global economy have led to the realization that nations exist in circumstances of fierce competition, where the ability to innovate is crucial. Proposed ways of implementing academic freedom in the educational process of a modern university in order to improve it and create conditions for full-fledged professional training and self-realization of students.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PRESCHOOL TEACHERS: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Telychko Tetyana
Published: December 2022

The urgency of the problem is caused by the awareness of the need to find, develop and master such forms of methodological activities that would be focused on the formation of professional competence of future educators of preschool education. The key condition for improving the quality of education is the success of the professional activity of teaching staff. For this, it is important to create conditions in the education system for the development of the individual style of professional activity of future educators, learning and mastering new values that stimulate the creative search for promising approaches and technologies, including psychological and pedagogical support in professional training. The article is devoted to consideration of the role and possibilities of psychological and pedagogical support in the professional training of future teachers of preschool education institutions. The purpose of the study: to develop and test a program of psychological and pedagogical support for the professional training of future teachers of preschool education institutions. Research methods applied: analytical and descriptive methods of processing theoretical and critical sources and resources; generalization of the received scientific data; synthesis and generalization of own long-term experience of preparation of future teachers of a foreign language. The main components of the psychological and pedagogical support of the professional training of future teachers are determined: psychological and organizational and educational (pedagogical). It was determined that the implementation of the program of psychological and pedagogical support of professional training of future educators contributes to increasing tolerance to the uncertainty of the present, motivation to achieve success, formation of career orientations and ideas about oneself as a successful individual, reduction of resistance, anxiety of innovative activity.
FEMALE COMBATANTS AS AN OBJECT OF SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Faidiuk Olena
Published: December 2022

With the outbreak of a full-scale war, the number of women serving in the military and defending the integrity and independence of Ukraine has significantly increased. Every woman going to the front has her reason for making such a decision. The Armed Forces of Ukraine currently actively work to raise the number of female military personnel. Given the increase in the number of women participating in hostilities, the issue of obtaining appropriate guarantees for this target audience to maintain the functions of motherhood and simultaneously perform official duties during military service is relevant. Female combatants are one of the important categories of the population that needs social and psychological support and assistance both at the level of the territorial community and at the state level. As an object of social work, female combatants require professional help, as they have their own specific requests and needs that must be met. Research methods applied: theoretical analysis of scientific literature, legal documents and Internet sources, which made it possible to analyze the system of provision of social services to combatants. Female combatants are a new object of social work, and in the provision of social services to this category, it is necessary to involve specialists in social work, as well as representatives of the entire territorial community. State organizations, the public sector, community residents, and initiative groups should be involved in assessing the needs and requests of this target group in order to provide quality services. Perception of women as a vulnerable group of the population and providing them with social assistance, creating additional opportunities for participation in decision-making at the level of local communities, the state, and society as a whole, and reducing gender inequality, become components of ensuring sustainable social development.
DEFINITION ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOMENON OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Boichuk Valentyna
Published: December 2022

In the article the urgency of intercultural communication problem as a mean of understanding mental characteristics of different cultures is presented. The aim of the article is to perform definition analysis of the notion «intercultural communication». Analysis and systematization of scientific literature, comparative analysis and definition analysis of the «intercultural communication» notion were chosen as the leading methods. The logic of definition analysis of «intercultural communication» notion has been revealed. The aspects that are basic in the process of analytical research are presented, specifically: 1) the definition of intercultural communication as an integrative phenomenon that examines different aspects of interaction between the representatives of different cultures; 2) intercultural communication as a socially determined communicative process of informational interaction in the context of cultural exchange, which is carried out with the aim of mutual understanding. It is identified that intercultural communication, as an integrative phenomenon, contains knowledge of philosophic-cultural, socio-psychological, communicative and linguistic directions. The variability of approaches to the definition of the studied concept is revealed. Definitions of the «intercultural communication» concept are represented and its characteristic features are highlighted, specifically: the process of verbal and non-verbal communication of people from different cultures; the set of skills that provides the effectiveness of communication of people that belongs to different national and ethnic communities; the establishment of connection between people from different cultures; the acceptance of ways of thinking and behavior of different cultures; the ability to perform effective communicative interaction in the intercultural contexts; the social phenomenon; the interaction on micro-, meso- and microsocial level; the process of communication between the members of different cultural communities. It is noted that intercultural communication ensures effective interaction between different cultures and their representatives.
COMPETENCE APPROACH TO TEACHING MATHEMATICS AND HIGHER MATHEMATICS FOR THE STUDENTS MAJORING IN 181 FOOD TECHNOLOGIES SPECIALITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF KRAMER'S RULE
Authors: Hyndriuk Vasyl , Yurchenko Nataliia
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the chosen research topic is that the formation of mathematical skills of students majoring in 181 Food Technology is a component of their success in professional activities. An important basis is the ability to solve problems using equations and their systems. One of the tools for solving quadratic systems of linear algebraic equations is Cramer's rule, and Cramer's theorem is one of the key theorems of higher mathematics. The aim of the article is to discuss a new methodological approach to the study of Cramer's theorem and its application for students majoring in 181 Food Technology educational and professional degree of bachelor. To achieve the goal, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction. The article proposes to introduce Cramer's rule for cases n = 2 and n = 3 within the discipline «Mathematics» with appropriate practical application in professional problems and to continue the study of the topic in the general case within the discipline «Higher Mathematics». This can be realized if we consider Cramer's rule for systems of two linear algebraic equations with two unknowns and for systems of three linear algebraic ones. equations with three unknowns with practical application for solving problems of professional orientation. In our opinion, such a competence approach has a number of advantages. First, in addition to the classical methods of addition, substitution, graphical method of solving systems of two linear equations with two unknowns, students will master another method of solving, and therefore additional benefits in preparing for the state final certification in mathematics. Secondly, when studying the discipline «Higher Mathematics» it is possible to consider the topic «Cramer's Theorem» as a generalization of the study on this topic in the discipline «Mathematics», which will increase motivation for learning and connections between disciplines. Third, it places additional emphasis on the formation of mathematical skills of students majoring in 181 Food Technology and the practical application of mathematics to solve professional problems in junior high school.
BASIC TRENDS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN CHALLENGES
Authors: Yepikhina Maryna
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the article is determined by the European integration processes that determine the vectors of dynamic development of our society, in particular, higher education and its important component ‒ the system of professional training of future primary school teachers. The article focuses on the trends of professional training of the future teacher in the context of implementing his partnership interaction with subjects of the educational process. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the basic trends in the professional training of the future teacher. The article uses such general scientific research methods as: analysis (of psychological and pedagogical literature, information sources for studying educational trends and views of scientists on the problem under investigation); definitional analysis (in order to determine the essence of the researched category); synthesis, comparison, systematization of scientific sources (to identify the state of development of the problem); generalization (to determine the leading category of research). Three levels of basic trends in the professional training of the future primary school teacher for the implementation of partnership interaction of the subjects of the educational process, which are basic in the professional activity of future specialists, are distinguished: social level trends (European integration, humanization and axiologisation of higher education); trends at the scientific and methodological level (polyparadigmatic and interdisciplinary nature of education); practical level trends (technologicalization of higher education). The identified basic trends determine the priority vectors of professional training of primary school teachers in the context of ideas of partnership pedagogy and significantly influence the formation of the professional quality of future primary school teachers necessary for effective partnership interaction between subjects of the educational process.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE TERM «TOLERANCE»
Authors: Kanyuk Oleksandra , Ivanichko Inna
Published: December 2022

This article deals with the problem of tolerance in the multicultural society. The aim of the study is to analyze the main scientific approaches to the understanding of term «tolerance» and to prove the great importance of tolerance in successful intercultural cooperation. Theoretical research methods (analysis, systematization, theoretical generalization) have been used as well as pedagogical and historic methods.  It is underlined that there are many multicultural countries in the world and Ukraine is one of them. On the territory of the country here live representatives of many nations, different cultures. The most modern response to the cultural diversity is tolerance, especially interethnic tolerance. It means the availability and recognition of free existence and development of different ethnic cultures, being a part of a single national community. The aim of democratic state policy is to create an open society in Ukraine, in which the representatives of all groups (social, cultural, ethnic, religious) have possibilities of self-development, self-actualization with the preservation of unique cultural origin. In this way it’s possible to solve the problems of cultural and social diversity in the country. In this article the based concept and the different scientific approaches to the understanding of term «tolerance» are discussed (philosophical, sociological, psychological, pedagogical). The definition of tolerance as a scientific category is proposed, and the most known kinds of tolerance are named (aged, gender, race, political, educational, geographical, religious, interethnic tolerance). Special attention is paid to the analysis of interethnic tolerance (very often the term «intercultural tolerance» is used too). Its importance is declared in many state documents of Ukraine, as well as in the Declaration of Principles of Tolerance.
READINESS OF MASTERS OF MEDICINE FOR PROFESSIONAL PEDAGOGICAL COMMUNICATION AS AN IMPORTANT CONDITION FOR THEIR SUCCESSFUL PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN HIGHER SCHOOL
Authors: Kozubovska Iryna , Tovt-Korshynska Marianna
Published: December 2022

The study aim: to reveal peculiarities of pedagogical communication in higher school, to prove its important role in the successful pedagogical activity. Research methods applied: analysis of scientific sources for the systematisation and generalisation of available data; defining of the essence of basic concepts; identification of the current state of the problem under consideration and possibilities for its solution. Communicative competitiveness is an integrated formation of an individual, being a result/ product of studying and socializing of an individual, achieved through interpersonal communication, exchange of information, and productive interaction with the social setting at the level of individuals/ groups/ professional teams, provides for a cognizant choice of behavior modes/ an integrated strategy as well as being displayed by the culture of communicators. Intercultural communicative competence is a complex of socio-cultural and linguistic knowledge, communicative abilities and skills, due to which an individual can successfully communicate and interact with natives of other cultures at all levels of intercultural communication. Intercultural communicative competence envisages an ability to overcome misunderstanding arising in the process of interaction, to explain mistakes of interaction, desire and readiness to discover new things, to obtain knowledge about another cultural reality and possibility, and while operating this knowledge to penetrate into another culture, to interpret and correlate phenomena of native and foreign cultures, to establish and maintain connections between native and foreign cultures, to critically judge native culture, understanding peculiarities of another one, showing curiosity and openness towards other people, readiness to accept other opinions, overcome ethnocentric principles and prejudices.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF A MODERN PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER: DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH IN TRAINING
Authors: Kondratska Halyna , Fedoryschak Roman
Published: December 2022

The modern Ukrainian school is facing challenges in organizing the process of differentiated learning in physical education lessons. The purpose of the article is to reveal pedagogical conditions and a differentiated approach to training a future physical culture teacher. Research methods applied: analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature. Differentiation is important for physical education and sports. Differentiation of children by age, gender, morphological, physiological characteristics, psychological and physical levels of training helps to plan and organize the process of physical education in educational institutions. The conditions of organization of the educational process of future specialists in physical culture in higher education institutions are revealed. The training of future specialists in physical culture depends on the components of the educational and professional program that affect the quality of training. Due to the created pedagogical conditions it is possible to predict a positive and realistic result of the future teacher's work. The pedagogical conditions for the use of a differentiated approach in the training of specialists in physical culture and sports have been developed: namely, the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of the main and selective components of the educational and professional program, the methodological basis for teaching professional disciplines, the procedural and practical assimilation of students’ knowledge in the learning process. It should be noted that the formation of effective pedagogical conditions in the educational process in higher education institutions will help to implement a set of organizational and pedagogical measures that will improve the quality of physical education lessons in general secondary education institutions. A differentiated approach in the training of future specialists in physical culture reveals and forms the professional skills and readiness of the student to solve the tasks.
Contract as a source of legal regulation of civil and family relations
Authors: Serdechna I.L.
Published: December 2022

In the scientific article, the author justifies that a person is an active participant in civil and family relations every day. The sphere of family life is an integral part of our existence. Civil legal relations expand the opportunities of their participants by satisfying personal non-property and property needs and interests. Along with other regulators of social relations, the role of the contract in influencing the studied legal relations is decisive.

The formation of the contract as an independent source of law has a long history. Its role, along with such widespread sources of law as normative legal act, custom and others, is important. In general, scientific works in the field of civil and family law are enough to study the contract as a source of law, but not enough attention is paid to the issue of the contract as a source of legal regulation of family and civil relations.

The contract is the main regulator of civil legal relations, we also note its important influence on the regulation of family relations.

The author investigated the approaches of scientists in the theory of the state and law to the definition of the concept of "source of law", "form of law", "legal regulation". It has been established that the contract is both a source of law and a source of legal regulation. These concepts are not identical.

The types of legal regulation are disclosed and it is determined that the contract is the source of individual regulation of civil and family relations.

In the conclusions, the author defines the concept of a contract as a source of legal regulation of civil and family relations as an external form of expression of the rules of conduct established by the participants of relations to regulate civil and family relations that arise, change and terminate in connection with the conclusion of such a contract. The main features are also defined.
Legal regulatory anti-discrimination in job advertising: national and foreign experience
Authors: Bodnaruk M.I. , Burka A.V.
Published: December 2022

Despite the fact that in national legislation there is a direct, general ban on the use in advertising of statements and/or images that are discriminatory, as well as directly making claims of a discriminatory nature on the basis of race, skin color, gender, age, state of health, sexual orientation, etc. in advertisements about available vacancies, the latter (discriminatory job advertisements) will continue to be an "integral attribute" of the employment process. It is worth noting that discrimination against employees/candidates in job advertisements is widespread not only in Ukraine. Every country to a certain degree or another faces this type of discrimination, and as a result, the requirements are set at the legislative level for job advertisements, namely: their content, place of publication; cases are prescribed in detail, when advantages are still allowed for one or another reason; liability of employers for violations of legislation.

The article provides a concise retrospective analysis of national legislative requirements regarding the prohibition of discrimination in the advertising of employment services; the provisions of the regulatory acts establishing the procedure for prosecuting advertisers for violations of anti-discrimination norms were analyzed. It was concluded that, in general, the changes made to the current legislation in the field of advertisers' responsibility deserve a positive assessment, but the question of the effectiveness of fines in the real fight against discrimination in practice remains open.

A study of the existing legal requirements for job advertisements and liability for their violation in such countries as the USA, Australia, France, Germany, Great Britain was carried out. The comparative legal analysis of national and foreign legislation made it possible to conclude that: 1) the list of signs for which discrimination in job advertisements is prohibited is almost similar; 2) foreign legislation, generally,  defines in sufficient detail the possibility of deviating from anti-discrimination requirements, in contrast to national legislation; 3) in foreign practice, there are also requirements regarding the place of publication, placement of advertisements, failure to comply with which may indicate hidden or indirect discrimination, but in Ukraine, as of today, there are no such requirements; 4) responsibility, as in Ukraine, in most cases comes in the form of fines, although warnings are also possible.
Administrative law-making in public administration activities: essential characteristics
Authors: Hlukhoveria K.M.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to highlighting the essence of law-making activity of public administration. The article draws attention to the fact that the law-making and law-enforcing activity of public administration is expressed in the adoption and implementation of legal acts, which are the main means of regulating relations in the field of public administration, this is one of the main forms of implementation of the tasks and functions of state authorities and local self-government. It is found that legal acts in the activity of public administration, on the one hand, serve the orderliness and stability of administrative-legal relations, on the other hand, they are the basis for changing the rights, freedoms and interests of individuals in the public sphere. The article states that the law-making activity of the public administration needs constant study and research in the aspect of modern processes of state-building and law-making that take place in the state, to meet the standards of law-making activity of the EU, to take into account the best domestic and European practices. It is emphasized that the administrative law-making of the public administration is embodied in the form of adoption of normative and individual acts. The purpose of such law-making is the creation of acts by means of which the rights, freedoms and interests of persons in the field of public-legal relations are implemented and ensured. Thanks to law-making, the state implements its functions of managing various spheres of public life. The author's definition is formulated that administrative law-making of public administration is a legal form (instrument) of the activity of authorized law-making subjects, which is implemented according to the established administrative procedure and is aimed at establishing, changing or terminating administrative-legal relations. It is proven that regardless of which act is adopted, the procedure for its adoption must be clearly regulated in the legislation, which will ensure the regime of legality in the state and make it impossible to adopt legal acts that contradict the Basic Law and legislation. It is noted that an important feature of administrative law-making is that it is carried out according to the procedure established in the legislation and which is a system of means, methods, logical and linguistic techniques, methods of law-making activity that determine and regulate the activities of authorized subjects in this area and which aimed at the development and adoption of legal norms.
Peculiarities of the legal composition of administrative offenses related to corruption
Authors: Drofych Yu.V.
Published: December 2022

The doctrine of the composition of an administrative offense occupies one of the central places in administrative and legal science and has great practical importance, which is primarily due to the definition of the signs of an illegal act, distinguishing it from other types of offenses and applying appropriate measures of responsibility to guilty persons. It was determined that an administrative offense (misdemeanor) is a legal fact that is formed from normative and factual components, which formally causes the emergence of administrative-delict legal relations that cause the guilty person to be held administratively liable.

The article examines the peculiarities of the legal composition of administrative offenses related to corruption based on the analysis of doctrinal and normative sources.

It was determined that the direct object of offenses related to corruption are public relations protected by the sanctions of specific articles of Chapter 13-A of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

It is emphasized that the absence or non-compliance with the procedural element of a misdemeanor, which consists in proving by the competent bodies of public administration, their officials (officials) the fact of committing an illegal act, enshrined in the relevant procedural documents, nullifies the implementation of the mentioned elements, making it impossible to impose a certain administrative penalty.
Validity of the administrative act: conditions and rules
Authors: Turchak А.M.
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the doctrinal and regulatory provisions regarding the rules of validity of the administrative act and the features of bringing its content to the attention of the relevant addressees. It is noted that the author does not support the thesis that the validity of an administrative act should be separated from its effect. It is seen that the specificity of an administrative act, which mainly consists in its individual nature, does not give grounds to extend to it the peculiarities of the entry into force and operation of laws, which, as is known, are acts of a general nature. Actually, such specificity of the administrative act, its focus on solving a specific situation gives grounds for the reverse conclusion that the moment of entry into force and the effect of the administrative act actually coincide and, as some researchers correctly note, there is no sense in distinguishing the specified categories. At the same time, it should be added that the requirements for the administrative act and the rules of its validity should not be equated with each other and an equal sign should be placed between them. The first, that is, the requirements for the act, are factors of its legality, which, among other things, affect its validity and effect, while the rules of validity, on the other hand, relate to the moment of its entry into force

It is noted that administrative acts containing errors or other defects, depending on the nature of the defects and the resulting legal consequences, are disputable and void. It is noted that in some sources disputed acts are called objectionable or disputed. However, such a name is not entirely correct, since an act containing errors or defects does not always become the subject of an appeal, that is, it is actually challenged or denied. In this regard, it is proposed to use the term controversial, rather than objectionable (disputed) act, i.e. one that contains controversial provisions that can potentially be contested.

It has been established that disputed are those administrative acts that have entered into force, but have defects that call into question the legality of the act and can be challenged in an administrative or judicial procedure. In turn, an administrative act adopted by an administrative body is null and void if it contains obvious significant deficiencies, the list of which is established by law. Unlike a disputed act, a void administrative act does not enter into force.
Comparative legal characteristics of the penitentiary systems of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales
Authors: Shulika V.I.
Published: December 2022

The article provides a general analysis of the legal acts regulating the activities of the UK penitentiary, the list and importance for the effective functioning of the UK penitentiary is indicated. The author performed a comparative legal analysis of the main legal acts regulating the penitentiary systems of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The special regulatory framework on the basis of which the penitentiary systems of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales operate is identified and clarified. The list of bodies and officials managing, supervising and controlling the activities of penal institutions in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales has been also determined.

Considerable attention was paid to the description and comparison of the powers of the Secretary of State and the Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Prisons, other officials and authorities of the penitentiary systems of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, which made it possible to distinguish the differences in the powers exercised by them in the territory of each of the described territory. The proposed article, based on the performed comparative legal analysis and the identification of common and distinctive features of the penitentiary systems of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, indicates the ways of potential optimization of the management of the penitentiary system of Ukraine in the context of the reform of the penitentiary system of Ukraine, which has been ongoing since 2016 and continues today.

          The author proposed a comparative table in the sequence "administrative-territorial unit - bodies that manage, supervise and control the activities of penal institutions - name of the document / number of the article". Based on a comprehensive comparative analysis of the legal framework, a list of common and distinctive (special) features of the management of penitentiary systems in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales was synthesized. A whole spectrum of special, sometimes unique aspects of the functioning of the penitentiary systems of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales was singled out and compared with the peculiarities of the functioning of the penitentiary system of Ukraine.
Understanding of obligation according to H. Hart's doctrine
Authors: Popovych T.P.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the content of the category of obligation according to H. Hart's doctrine. The author emphasizes that the English philosopher singles out two groups of rules that are combined with each other and reflect the essence or basis of law (legal system) as such. Primary rules (rules of the first type) establish obligations, that is, prescribe to do something or refrain from something regardless of the will of individuals. The rules of the second type (secondary) provide power - public or private, that is, they give the primary rules an official status, legal validity, create opportunities to introduce new rules of the first type, change or cancel old rules, or establish control over their implementation (functioning). Therefore, the law in H. Hart is reduced to rules that, among other things, assign obligations that must be performed regardless of the wishes of individuals.

Hart separates legal and moral obligations, takes into account the motivational and even reflexive-critical component in the perception of the obligations imposed on an individual by law. At the same time, H. Hart points to two important aspects inherent in obligations: first, the so-called "internal aspect of rules", that is, motivation of individuals regarding their performance of obligations; secondly, the factor of social pressure, which shows that the society expects the individual to perform his obligations, just as he can expect the same performance from others. Both legal and moral obligations delineate the limits of the behavior of individuals, and their fulfillment is perceived as the minimum contribution of individuals to social life. At the same time, the specifics of moral obligations are determined by their heightened significance, a special form of moral pressure, immunity to conscious change, and the freewill nature of their violations. Moreover, there are a number of manifestations of morality (moral ideals and virtues) that go beyond moral obligations. The existence of a legal obligation requires the presence of the following minimum conditions: first, there is a legal system; second, there is a primary rule that imposes an obligation if a particular set of facts is present; thirdly, a certain set of facts is formed.