bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Coatings - Promising Way to Improve a Quality of Urban Building Surfaces
Authors: Sázavská Tereza , Šubrt Jan , Jakubičková Michaela , Peterka František
Published: January 2016

With the increasing air pollutants particularly in the cities the deteriorating conditions of the buildings accelerate. One of the non-invasive and cheap promising ways how to prevent the buildings against the aged processes caused by biological pollutants or smog exhalation is the innovation of suitable photocatalytic coatings. This work focuses on the characterization of prepared photocatalytic nanocomposite TiO2-SiO2 system to be applied on the building objects in order to improve a quality of their surfaces. The structure and the texture characterization of prepared nanocomposite were determined by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM + EDS). The photocatalytic activity of the composite was determined considering the self-cleaning ability and the antibacterial activity. For self-cleaning characterization the methylene blue degradation was measured. These self-cleaning properties were tested on the various types of supports, which are commonly used in the building facades. To estimate antibacterial and biocidal activity the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus were used. Both methods were done according to standard ISO tests. Next to the laboratory testing the application of the composite under the real condition was implemented. There were treated parts of the concrete outside wall with the composite and after more than one year the colour changed analysis of the wall surface was characterized.
Improvement of Germination Characteristics and Enhancement of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Aged Seeds by Used of Gibberellin
Authors: Khajeh M. , Tabatabaei S.A. , Ansari O. , Sharif Zadeh F.
Published: January 2016

Seed priming is one of the methods that can be taken to counteract the adverse effects of abiotic stress, also Seed priming treatments have been used to reduce the damage of aging and invigorate their performance in many crops. Objective of this study was to evaluation the effect of gibberellin on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes of safflower seeds after aging. Experimental design was a factorial one with complete randomized design with three replications. The first factor was priming by gibberellin (0 and 50 ppm) and non-primed seeds (control) and the secondary factor was combinations of four levels of aging (0, 1, 3 and 5 days of aging, at 43°C). The results showed that the priming and aging effects on germination percentage, germination index, normal seedling percentage, seedling length, vigor index, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were significant, but on mean time to germination not significant. Results showed that, the highest germination characteristics such as; germination percentage, germination index, normal seedling percentage, seedling length, vigor index, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were attained from priming by gibberellins, under non aged conditions. Also, our results indicated that seed aging is related to decrease of enzymes activity and may contribute to low seed germination efficiency, also priming increases enzyme activity and increases enzyme activity with priming treatment may contribute to improve germination characteristics. The general decreases in enzyme activity in the seed lowers the respiratory capacity, which in turn lowers both the energy (ATP) and assimilates supply of the germinating seed.
Impact of Nanosized Titanium Dioxide on Agronomical and Physiological Characteristics of Annual Medic (Medicago scutellata L.)
Authors: Dolatabadi A. , Sani B. , Moaveni P.
Published: January 2016

In order to investigate the effect of exogenous application of nano-TiO2 on annual medic, a field study was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. The experimental treatments included six concentrations of nano-TiO2 (Control, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.06% g/l) and spraying at two growing stages (pod stage and 10% flowering stage). Results showed that the effects of nano-TiO2 and spraying times on dry forage yield were significant (p<0.01). Nano-TiO2 spray appear to influence the malone dialdehyde (MDA) content (p<0.01). With increasing concentrations of nano-TiO2 the values of aforementioned measured variable significantly decreased. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) were affected by nanoparticle (p<0.01) and spraying times (p<0.01), as well as their interactive effect of two mentioned factors were significant in terms of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) (p<0.01) activity and dry forage yield. Among different concentrations of nano-TiO2, 0.04% and 0.06% have the best effect on all traits. Totally, treatment with nano-TiO2 were more effective in the pod stage, compared to 10% flowering stage.
CO2 Emission to the Atmosphere from Carbonate Waters: The Study Case of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze Regions
Authors: Chmiel Stanisław , Hałas Stanisław , Pieńkos Tomasz , Głowacki Sławomir , Maciejewska Ewa , Polkowska Żaneta , Sposób Joanna , Trembaczowski Andrzej
Published: January 2016

The concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in water (CO2(aq)) was measured in consecutive phases of the hydrological cycle. Its potentially possible degassing from groundwaters to the atmosphere was also assessed. The research was conducted in the area of occurrence of carbonate rocks of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze (SE Poland). The results of the measurements of CO2(aq) concentration varied as follows (min-max/mean): precipitation waters < 1-3/2.6 mg · dm−3, soil waters 3-50/14.2 mg · dm−3, groundwaters 10-70/30.3 mg · dm−3, river waters < 1-21/7.6 mg · dm−3. The measure of degassing of carbon dioxide from groundwaters to the atmosphere was a decrease in CO2(aq) concentration in fluvial outflow. Based on the value of groundwater outflow from the Lublin Upland and Roztocze, the annual carbon dioxide emission from waters to the atmosphere was calculated at a level of 50 thousand Mg · year−1. This value constitutes approximately 1% of anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide originating from environmentally harmful industrial plants in the Lublin province.
Effect of Meteorological Conditions and Building Location on CO2 Concentration in the University Campus
Authors: Cichowicz Robert , Wielgosiński Grzegorz
Published: January 2016

The quality of atmospheric air and the level of its pollution is inextricably linked with the development of humanity. Its prevalence and the lack of any natural protective barriers causes that it becomes a recipient of increasingly large amounts of different types of pollutants. This is particularly dangerous in the areas where both meteorological conditions and type of building prevent the spread of pollution. By using a portable gas micro-chromatograph it is possible to observe and analyze a seasonal impact of building density on carbon dioxide concentration and the effect of atmospheric conditions on CO2 level in the air in a specified area.
Low Impact Development Practices: A Review of Current Research and Recommendations for Future Directions
Authors: Shafique Muhammad , Kim Reeho
Published: January 2016

A low impact development (LID) is an alternative land development approach for managing stormwater that has been recommended instead of the traditional stormwater design. The main purpose of LID is to reduce the impact of development on water related problems through the use of stormwater management practices that infiltrate, evaporate, or harvest and use stormwater on the site where it falls. In recent years, more research has been carried out on the individual practice of LID such as bioretention, pervious pavements, rain garden and grassed swales. Nowadays LID practices have been successfully used to manage stormwater runoff, improve water quality, protect the environmental and hydrological aspects of the developed areas. Bioretention cells have been effectively used in retaining large volumes of runoff and pollutants on site. Pervious pavements have been extremely effective practice in infiltrating stormwater runoff as early as possible as rain fall on site and store a large quantity of water. Nowadays, sand ditch a new water harvesting technique is used that significantly reduces runoff and sediment losses and increases infiltration and soil loss. This paper highlights evidence in the literature regarding the beneficial uses of LID practices and encourage to adopt these practices for environmental friendly construction and sustainable development in the world.
Ethanol Recovery from Low-Concentration Aqueous Solutions Using Membrane Contactors with Ionic Liquids
Authors: Snochowska Karina , Tylman Michał , Kamiński Władysław
Published: January 2016

Recovery of alcohols from diluted aqueous solutions is highly energy-intensive. In order to reduce the costs of concentration of alcohols, membrane processes (including membrane extraction) are used. This paper reports the results of ethanol concentration from diluted aqueous solutions using a hollow fiber membrane contactor with ionic liquid. The studies were performed using a contactor with microporous hollow fiber membranes. The membrane creates a barrier between the feed and extracting solvent, also providing a large mass transfer area. In the process, selected ionic liquid presenting different selectivity towards ethanol was used as extractant. The experiments were performed with feed concentrations of ethanol ranging from 1 to 5 wt.% and various feed flow rates ranging from 1 to 8 dm3/h.
Impact of Flowback Water on Activated Sludge Biocenosis During Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ziembińska-Buczyńska Aleksandra , Drzewicki Adam , Kulikowska Dorota
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of flowback water on an activated sludge biocenosis during municipal wastewater treatment in the sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Two series were performed. In series 1, only municipal wastewater was treated, whereas in series 2, municipal wastewater with pre-treated flowback water was used. Flowback water constituted 3-5% of the influent and was introduced to the SBRs twice per week. Introducing flowback water did not decrease the quality of effluent from the SBRs. However, the composition of the activated sludge biocenosis differed between series, ie the biodiversity of protozoa and the relative abundance of microfauna in functional groups changed after flowback water addition. Polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) showed that the ammonia oxidizers community responded faster to flowback water addition than the total bacterial community and remained relatively stable during treatment. However, after 9 weeks of exposure to flowback water, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) biodiversity decreased. This suggests that prolonged exposure could cause nitrification problems, leading to deterioration in effluent quality
Modified Description of Soil Processes vs. Quality of Numerical Weather Forecasts - “Bare Soil” Case
Authors: Duniec Grzegorz , Mazur Andrzej
Published: January 2016

Soil and atmosphere boundary layer (ABL) interact with each other and influence on physical processes in soil and atmosphere. Current parameterization of soil physical processes in TERRA_ML (multilayer soil module of COSMO meteorological model) was prepared more than 40 years ago and did not give satisfactory forecast results. New parameterizations should involve physical processes in the soil (microphysics processes in soil, fluid dynamics in porous media, soil dynamics, etc.), water cycle in soil and soil-plant-water relation. The aim of this project was to improve current soil parameterization in the COSMO model, called “TERRA_ML”. The results of the work, related to the parameterization of physical processes of bare soil evaporation, vertical and horizontal water transport in soil and a runoff from soil layers, are presented in this paper. In order to eliminate underestimation of evaporation from soil in the afternoon and overestimation evaporation from soil in the morning a correction time-depending factor was also introduced. In this way, theoretical description of vertical water transport in soil is improved with temperature dependency of hydraulic diffusivity for different sort of soil.
Role of Soil Algae on the Initial Stages of Soil Formation in Sandy Polluted Areas
Authors: Rahmonov Oimahmad , Cabala Jerzy , Bednarek Renata , Rozek Dorota , Florkiewicz Adam
Published: January 2016

Research to evaluate the role of the soil algae in the initiation of pedogenesis in sandy areas and to establish the mineral, chemical and organic composition of soil-algal crusts was done. The investigations area is located in southern Poland in a landscape of drift sand (Bledowska Desert) formed as a result of medieval deforestation related to Ag, Pb and Fe mining activities. Fifteen species of algae (Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Heterokontophyta) were identified. In the soil-algal crusts, Corg contents ranged from 0.35-2.23%, Pavail from 9-34 mg · kg−1 and Nt was variable. In investigated area the ground on which soil algae developed was acidic (pH 4.4-5.7 in KCl). Among mineral components in the crust, phases rich in Fe and K dominated (776.5(±2.3) - 2803(±31) mg · kg−1 and 230.5(±3.7) - 696(±22) mg · kg−1, respectively) and elevated concentrations of Zn, Mn and Pb occurred. Soil-crust organic matter includes aliphatic and aromatic compounds, carbohydrate derivatives, phenols, furan and pyrene structures. N compounds have significant contribution in composition of soil-algal crusts - the algae are main source of organic matter in this stage of soil formation. It could accelerate the regeneration of disturbed ecological systems.
Research Trends in Turkish Distance Education: A Content Analysis of Dissertations, 1986-2014
Authors: Bozkurt Aras , Kumtepe Evrim Genc , Kumtepe Alper Tolga , Aydın İrem Erdem , Bozkaya Müjgan , Aydın Cengiz Hakan
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a content analytic approach on doctoral dissertations in the field of distance education in Turkish Higher Education context from the years of 1986 through 2014. A total of 61 dissertations were examined to explore keywords, academic discipline, research areas, theoretical/conceptual frameworks, research designs, research models, tests and analyses, data collection tools, participants, variables/research interests, and leading contributor institutions. It is believed that this study can be beneficial to the field of distance education in Turkish context to identify research trends and set a research agenda by exploring dissertations that were published between 1986 and 2014.
Who are the Open Learners? A Comparative Study Profiling Non-Formal Users of Open Educational Resources
Authors: Farrow Robert , de los Arcos Beatriz , Pitt Rebecca , Weller Martin
Published: January 2016

Open educational resources (OER) have been identified as having the potential to extend opportunities for learning to non-formal learners. However, little research has been conducted into the impact of OER on non-formal learners. This paper presents the results of a systematic survey of more than 3,000 users of open educational resources (OER). Data was collected between 2013 and 2014 on the demographics, attitudes and behaviours of users of three repositories. Questions included a particular focus on the behaviours of non-formal learners and the relationship between formal and non-formal study. Frequency analysis shows that there are marked differences in patterns of use, user profiles, attitudes towards OER, types of materials used and popularity of different subjects. The experience of using OER is fairly consistent across platforms in terms of satisfaction and impact on future behaviour. On the whole, non-formal learners surveyed were highly positive about their use of OER and believe they will continue to use them. With regards to this making formal study more likely some degree of polarization was observed: some believed formal study was now more likely, while others felt it made this less likely. On the whole, while non-formal learners are enthusiastic about using free and online resources, the language and concept of OER does not seem to be well understood in the groups surveyed. A range of findings relating to OER selection and use as well as differences between repositories are explored in the discussion.
The Development of Distance Education Systems in Turkey, the Russian Federation and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zawacki-Richter Olaf , Kondakci Yasar , Bedenlier Svenja , Alturki Uthman , Aldraiweesh Ahmed , Püplichhuysen Diana
Published: January 2016

In many countries, open and distance education is perceived as a way to meet the growing need for higher education. This paper explores the development of online and distance education in three countries that are still a white spot on the landscape of international distance education research although they have implemented elaborated distance education systems: Turkey, Russia and Saudi-Arabia. In order to understand the current state of distance education systems in the three countries, their respective systems are described from a historical perspective, compared in regard to their organization, important institutions for open and distance education and current developments. This comparative analysis directs the focus on little investigated education systems and contributes to an enhanced understanding of their past, present, and future.
Performance Analysis of Vertical Handoff Metrics Using Variance Based Algorithms
Authors: Bijwe Abhijit , Dethe C.G.
Published: January 2016

Vertical handover is the evolving concept in 4G for seamless communication between heterogeneous networks. In this paper, our main objective is to analyze handover between two WLAN, two Wimax, two UMTS networks. The vertical handover decision is taken based on the variance based algorithm, which calculates the variance of parameters such as delay, jitter, bandwidth and packet loss for various above mentioned networks and the network with most of the parameters with minimum variance is selected. This algorithm is also compared with other algorithms such as MEW (Multiplicative experiment weighting), SAW (Simple Additive Weighting), TOPOSIS (Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) and GRA (Grey Relational Analysis). These algorithms are appropriate for different traffic classes. Simulation results for proposed variance based algorithm in Matlab is discussed and compared with other Multiple attribute decision making algorithm basis of bandwidth; jitter, delay etc. are discussed in the paper. It can be seen that the proposed variance algorithm gives less packet delay than all the algorithms, Jitter is also is least than all the other algorithms.
Numerical Simulations for Solving Fuzzy Fractional Differential Equations by Max-Min Improved Euler Methods
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Razzaq Oyoon Abdul , Riaz Fatima
Published: January 2016

In this paper, an extension is introduced into Max-Min Improved Euler methods for solving initial value problems of fuzzy fractional differential equations (FFDEs). Two modified fractional Euler type methods have been proposed and investigated to obtain numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear FFDEs. The proposed algorithms are tested on various illustrative examples. Exact values are also simulated to compare and discuss the closeness and accuracy of approximations so obtained. Comparatively, tables and graphs results reveal the complete reliability, efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methods.
The ECB, Between Conservatism and Pragmatism
Authors: Bastidon Cécile , Gilles Philippe , Huchet Nicolas
Published: January 2016

The 2008 and 2011 crises have durably affected the conditions of monetary policy transmission, particularly in the euro area. However, it is generally considered that the European Central Bank’s (ECB) monetary policy truly became unconventional only at a late stage. Our contribution is threefold. We first show that the notion of “conventional” monetary policy, which is the reference of this assessment, is a recent theoretical construction. Secondly, the mandate of the ECB, which is its institutional expression, may raise specific difficulties in managing major financial crises, particularly with regards to the forward guidance of expectations and the commitment to an accommodative policy. Finally, the resulting policies have, at this stage, paradoxically achieved acceptable levels of macroeconomic and overall financial stability, but failed to restore a private funding supply to the banking sector enabling it to play its normal role in financing economic activity.
Systemic Liquidity Shocks and Banking Sector Liquidity Characteristics on the Eve of Liquidity Coverage Ratio Application - The Case of the Czech Republic1
Authors: Brůna Karel , Blahová Naďa
Published: January 2016

The paper contains an analysis of the economic and regulatory concept of bank liquidity in the context of systemic liquidity shock. A formal model analysis shows that the application of liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) based on Basel III will lead to a significant adaptation of banks liquidity management. LCR causes a change in bank’s liquidity allocation and funding to be less effective and more costly and restrictive for providing credits comparing with economic determinants. It is demonstrated that the application of LCR underestimates actual liquidity position of a bank and leads to allocation ineffectiveness. The empirical part contains simulation of impacts of systemic liquidity shock on the banking sector’s ability to withstand the unfavourable credit shock while solvency is maintained. The results confirm the robustness of the Czech banking system ensuing from the systemic surplus of liquidity, high volume of bank capital and its high profitability. The estimations of the VAR model show that the relations between liquidity characteristics of banks, sources of aggregate liquidity shock, interbank market illiquidity and the credit facilities of the Czech National Bank are relatively weak, supporting the conclusion that the banks face liquidity shocks of non-persistent character.
Changes in Biodiversity in the National Nature Reserve of the Bohdanečský Pond from the Explorations by the Hadač Brothers in the 1950’s to the Present Times
Authors: Prausová Romana , Zlámalová Tereza , Bálková Lenka , Šafářová Lenka
Published: January 2016

This paper deals with the botanically interesting locality of the Bohdanečský pond and its surroundings in the Pardubice region. Thanks to botanists’ interest in this locality, there is a lot of floristic data that can be used for evaluation of the area development in terms of species and habitat diversity. Although there is a demonstrable decline of rare plant species, this locality still belongs to the most valuable reserves in the Czech Republic. The current state of the locality is influenced by many factors, e.g. spontaneous succession, management methods of the NNR, the influence of landscape management around the NNR, or global factors (eutrophication, climate change, etc.). Present surveys carried out since 2000 show that the condition of the NNR can be positively influenced by appropriate controlled interventions which include regular meadow mowing and removal of harvested biomass, occasional mowing of reeds and tall sedge vegetation, as well as revitalisation measures for surface water (ponds, pools, water flows).
Application of the Czech Methodology of Biogeographical Landscape Differentiation in Geobiocoenological Concept – Examples from Cuba, Tasmania and Yemen
Authors: Buček Antonín , Habrová Hana , Maděra Petr , Král Kamil , Modrý Martin , Lacina Jan , Pavliš Jindřich
Published: January 2016

Within the area of Central Europe, and especially in the Czech Republic (and former Czechoslovakia), geobiocoenological landscape differentiation has been applied for more than 40 years to create a spatial model of the natural (potential) condition of geobiocoenoses in the landscape. Because long-term objective of geobiocoenology is to contribute to the creation of harmonic cultural landscape by gradual development of a comprehensive system of groundworks for sustainable landscape use, and as Mendel University experts work in various countries, adaptions of geobiocoenology were used also outside Europe, in tropical areas. Examples of such a work could be shown on islands such as Socotra (belonging politically to Yemen), Tasmania, and Cuba.
Inlet effects on roll-wave development in shallow turbulent open-channel flows
Authors: Campomaggiore Francesca , Di Cristo Cristiana , Iervolino Michele , Vacca Andrea
Published: January 2016

The present work investigates the effect of the flow profile induced by an inlet condition on the roll-wave evolution in turbulent clear-water flows. The study employs theoretical and numerical analyses. Firstly, the influence of the inlet condition on the spatial evolution of a single perturbation in a hypercritical flow is examined through the expansion near a wavefront analysis. The results show that an accelerated unperturbed profile reduces the disturbance spatial growth. A decelerated profile causes an increase. The effect of the flow profile on the spatial evolution of roll-wave trains is then numerically investigated solving the Saint Venant equations with a second-order Runge-Kutta Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) Finite Volume scheme. The numerical simulations comply with the analytical results for the initial and transition phases of the roll-wave development. The unperturbed profile influences even the roll-waves statistical characteristics in the final stage, with a more evident effect in case of accelerated profiles. The influence of the flow profile should be therefore accounted for in the formulation of predictive criteria for roll-waves appearance based on the estimation of the disturbance spatial growth rate.
Floods effects on rivers morphological changes application to the Medjerda River in Tunisia
Authors: Gharbi Mohamed , Soualmia Amel , Dartus Denis , Masbernat Lucien
Published: January 2016

In Tunisia especially in the Medjerda watershed the recurring of floods becoming more remarkable. In order to limit this risk, several studies were performed to examine the Medjerda hydrodynamic. The analysis of results showed that the recurrences of floods at the Medjerda watershed is strongly related to the sediment transport phenomena. Initially, a one dimensional modelling was conducted in order to determine the sediment transport rate, and to visualize the river morphological changes during major floods. In continuity of this work, we will consider a two-dimensional model for predicting the amounts of materials transported by the Medjerda River. The goal is to visualize the Medjerda behaviour during extreme events and morphological changes occurred following the passage of the spectacular flood of January 2003. As a conclusion for this study, a comparative analysis was performed between 1D and 2D models results. The objective of these comparisons is to visualize the benefits and limitations of tested models. The analysis of the results demonstrate that 2D model is able to calculate the flow variation, sediment transport rates, and river morphological changes during extreme events for complicated natural domains with high accuracy comparing with 1D Model.
Uncertainty of Deardorff’s soil moisture model based on continuous TDR measurements for sandy loam soil
Authors: Brandyk Andrzej , Kiczko Adam , Majewski Grzegorz , Kleniewska Małgorzata , Krukowski Marcin
Published: January 2016

Knowledge on soil moisture is indispensable for a range of hydrological models, since it exerts a considerable influence on runoff conditions. Proper tools are nowadays applied in order to gain in-sight into soil moisture status, especially of uppermost soil layers, which are prone to weather changes and land use practices. In order to establish relationships between meteorological conditions and topsoil moisture, a simple model would be required, characterized by low computational effort, simple structure and low number of identified and calibrated parameters. We demonstrated, that existing model for shallow soils, considering mass exchange between two layers (the upper and the lower), as well as with the atmosphere and subsoil, worked well for sandy loam with deep ground water table in Warsaw conurbation. GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) linked with GSA (Global Sensitivity Analysis) provided for final determination of parameter values and model confidence ranges. Including the uncertainty in a model structure, caused that the median soil moisture solution of the GLUE was shifted from the one optimal in deterministic sense. From the point of view of practical model application, the main shortcoming were the underestimated water exchange rates between the lower soil layer (ranging from the depth of 0.1 to 0.2 m below ground level) and subsoil. General model quality was found to be satisfactory and promising for its utilization for establishing measures to regain retention in urbanized conditions.
Substratum morphology and significance during the Weichselian Odra ice lobe advance in northeast Germany and northwest Poland
Authors: Hermanowski Piotr
Published: January 2016

In the Polish Lowlands, three main ice lobes, referred to as Odra, Vistula and Mazury, formed during the Last Scandinavian Glaciation. These lobes protruded at least several kilometres beyond the main ice margin and it is believed that they represent terminal parts of the ice streams. Applied geostatistical analysis based on numerous geological data has allowed an approximate reconstruction of the Odra ice lobe substratum in the area of northwest Poland and northeast Germany. A spatial representation of the Odra lobe substratum clearly illustrates the adverse slope of the glacier bed, but also indicates areas morphologically prone to ice streaming. It is suggested that the ice took advantage of local topography that enabled advance out of the Baltic basin; consequently, the ice followed a topographic low which, in combination with favourable hydraulic conditions of its substratum, likely initiated ice streaming.
The colour analysis method applied to homogeneous rocks
Authors: Halász Amadé , Halmai Ákos
Published: January 2016

Computer-aided colour analysis can facilitate cyclostratigraphic studies. Here we report on a case study involving the development of a digital colour analysis method for examination of the Boda Claystone Formation which is the most suitable in Hungary for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Rock type colours are reddish brown or brownish red, or any shade between brown and red. The method presented here could be used to differentiate similar colours and to identify gradual transitions between these; the latter are of great importance in a cyclostratigraphic analysis of the succession. Geophysical well-logging has demonstrated the existence of characteristic cyclic units, as detected by colour and natural gamma. Based on our research, colour, natural gamma and lithology correlate well. For core Ib-4, these features reveal the presence of orderly cycles with thicknesses of roughly 0.64 to 13 metres. Once the core has been scanned, this is a time- and cost-effective method.
The Evaluation of Feasibility of Thermal Energy Storage System at Riga TPP-2
Authors: Ivanova P. , Linkevics O. , Cers A.
Published: January 2016

The installation of thermal energy storage system (TES) provides the optimisation of energy source, energy security supply, power plant operation and energy production flexibility. The aim of the present research is to evaluate the feasibility of thermal energy system installation at Riga TPP–2. The six modes were investigated: four for non-heating periods and two for heating periods. Different research methods were used: data statistic processing, data analysis, analogy, forecasting, financial method and correlation and regression method. In the end, the best mode was chosen – the increase of cogeneration unit efficiency during the summer.
Mathematical Modeling of Dual Layer Shell Type Recuperation System for Biogas Dehumidification
Authors: Gendelis S. , Timuhins A. , Laizans A. , Bandeniece L.
Published: January 2016

The main aim of the current paper is to create a mathematical model for dual layer shell type recuperation system, which allows reducing the heat losses from the biomass digester and water amount in the biogas without any additional mechanical or chemical components. The idea of this system is to reduce the temperature of the outflowing gas by creating two-layered counter-flow heat exchanger around the walls of biogas digester, thus increasing a thermal resistance and the gas temperature, resulting in a condensation on a colder surface. Complex mathematical model, including surface condensation, is developed for this type of biogas dehumidifier and the parameter study is carried out for a wide range of parameters. The model is reduced to 1D case to make numerical calculations faster. It is shown that latent heat of condensation is very important for the total heat balance and the condensation rate is highly dependent on insulation between layers and outside temperature. Modelling results allow finding optimal geometrical parameters for the known gas flow and predicting the condensation rate for different system setups and seasons.
W-perfect groups
Authors: Ercan Selami
Published: January 2016

In the present article we define W-paths of elements in a W-perfect group as a useful tools and obtain
their basic properties.
Between Emotion and Intellect. On the Musical Language of Andrzej Panufnik (1914–1991)
Authors: Bolesławska-Lewandowska Beata
Published: January 2016

Andrzej Panufnik’s (1914-1991) key objective as a composer was to achieve a balance between emotion and intellect. The composer very often emphasised the role of the relation between these two elements in his works. This topic is the leitmotiv of texts about his own music left behind by the composer. From those texts, it is clearly evident that symmetry (and in later years also geometry) played a central role in the composer’s formal concepts. The impulse for the study of the possibility of using geometric shapes for the construction of musical forms came from his 1972 composition for the BBC television entitled Triangles - for three flutes and three cellos.

The geometricisation of the formal structures of Panufnik’s works (frequently represented by means of sophisticated diagrams included in the scores) was correlated with a systematic reduction of musical language, based from 1968 on the three-note intervallic cell of E-F-B. In the course of the composition, this unit was submitted to a succession of symmetrical processes, such as transpositions and mirror reflections, superimposed on one another both on the melodic and harmonic levels, which was responsible for the specific sound climate of Panufnik’s music. The fullest realisation of the composer’s systematic thinking based on the principles of geometry can be found in his Symphony No. 5 - Sinfonia di Sfere (1974), in which every element was submitted to the principles of geometric symmetry represented in a diagram based on the perfect geometric figure of a circle.

What is particularly important, this prominent constructivist current in Panufnik’s works always coexisted, as the composer himself claimed, with powerful emotional expression in his music. Did he manage to achieve the intended ideal balance between emotion and intellect in his music? Everyone can judge by themselves. This paper discusses the principal qualities of Andrzej Panufnik’s musical language.
Paweł Szymański’s Self-Analyses Reread
Authors: Naliwajek-Mazurek Katarzyna
Published: January 2016

The article is an attempt to present important categories of composer Paweł Szymański’s musical language, based on his self-analytical statements, which were in major part answers to musicologists’ questions. Luciano Berio pointed out why the situation of a composer who would like to address questions about his or her music is difficult - a lack of necessary detachment would be one of the reasons. A musicologist, on the other hand, is tempted to construct their own supposedly objective analytical view of a composer’s musical language. The dialogistic approach proposed by anthropological musicology may be a solution to these dilemmas. Other main topics mentioned in the article are related to the role of meta-concepts in Szymański’s musical language.
Paweł Hendrich’s Emergent Sound System
Authors: Hendrich Paweł , Stefański Krzysztof
Published: January 2016

Paweł Hendrich’s compositions can be compared to macrocrystals - solids composed of numerous small and identical elements, constructed in accordance with a strict pattern. Importantly, the same internal crystal structure can produce forms highly diversified with regard to external shape. Similarly, this composer’s works are very precisely structured already on the level of individual sounds, but this structure is only a tool for the creation of very clear musical macroforms. The idea of emergence - of new values resulting from the combination of simple elements - is of key importance to this composer.

The paper presents the principles of organising music material in the works of Paweł Hendrich. These are, among others: periodicity, multilayered structures, permutations and flexibility. These ideas are reflected in the musical work in many dimensions, both on the level of microand macro-structure. Their application exerts a major impact on the forms created by the composer.

With the development of his musical language, the composer transforms his initial material more and more radically. Simple elements and processes that underlie the construction of his works become progressively more and more difficult to reconstruct, largely due to the application of a computer in the composition process. A comprehensive look at Paweł Hendrich’s entire output of compositions proves that his work is emergent as a whole. With each new piece, a new element is added, but all of them form a coherent system. No wonder, then, that one of the composer’s works bears the telling title of Emergon.
Can analytical shading be art?
Authors: Siwek Jerzy , Wacławik Wojciech
Published: January 2016

Despite numerous theoretical and experimental studies of analytical relief shading, devised about half a century ago, its quality has not yet reached the excellence of traditional (manual) shading. The paper discusses its basic principles and the main factors affecting the quality of shading. It also stresses the crucial importance of the digital terrain model used as the basis for shading as well as the proper generalization of the relief. Experiments with shading modules of ArcGIS and Surfer, aiming to explore the functionality of algorithms they employ, have demonstrated significant similarity of the results. In conclusion, the authors attempt to answer the question posted in the title of the article. In their view, analytical shading is not art because shading algorithms are incapable of producing the visually beautiful effects that an experienced cartographer with artistic talents can create.
Maps in video games – range of applications
Authors: Chądzyńska Dominika , Gotlib Dariusz
Published: January 2016

The authors discuss the role of the map in various game genres, specifically video games. Presented examples illustrate widespread map usage in various ways and forms by the authors of games, both classic and video. The article takes a closer look at the classification and development of video games within the last few decades. Presently, video games use advanced geospatial models and data resources. Users are keen on a detailed representation of the real world. Game authors use advanced visualization technologies, which often are innovative and very attractive. Joint efforts of cartographers, geo-information specialists and game producers can bring interesting effects in the future. Although games are mainly made for entertainment, they are more frequently used for other purposes. There is a growing need for data reliability as well as for some effective means of transmission cartographic content. This opens up a new area of both scientific and implementation activity for cartographers. There is no universally accessible data on the role of cartographers in game production, but apparently it is quite limited at the moment. However, a wider application of cartographic methodology would have a positive effect on the development of games and, conversely, methods and technologies applied by game makers can influence the development of cartography.
The contemporary cartographic presentation of geographical names of objects lying on the border between Poland and the Czech Republic
Authors: Zych Maciej
Published: January 2016

The aim of this paper is the analysis of the names used on cartographic publications in Poland and the Czech Republic for transboundary geographical objects lying on the common boundary.

After the analysis of the Czech and Polish topographic maps that are available on the national geoportals, maps of the divisions into natural regions, and toponymic databases (Polish the National Register of Geographical Names, and Czech Geonames – the Database of geographic names of the Czech Republic) it was established that 360 named geographic objects lie on this boundary. This number includes: 123 hydronyms (names of rivers and other streams), 224 oronyms (139 names of summits, 22 names of mountain passes, 35 names of mountain ranges and ridges, 15 names of highlands, plateaus and uplands, 7 names of mountain basins, valleys and depressions, 3 names of lowlands, and 3 names of rocks), 9 names of forests, 1 name of mountain meadow (alp), and 3 names of tracks.

212 of these objects (59%) have names in both languages – Polish and Czech, however, in 99 cases (47% of objects that have name in both Polish and Czech languages) the Polish and Czech toponyms entirely do not correspond to each other. From the remaining objects 67 (18%) have only the Czech name, and 81 (23%) only the Polish name. In some natural regions, the limits of their ranges set by the Czech and Polish geographers vary widely, for example a single region on one side of the boundary corresponds to two or more regions on other side of the boundary. In other cases illustrations of incorrectness are more sophisticated, like the river that has different course according to the Czech or Polish maps (stream regarded as a main watercourse in one country, which has its own name, in another country is considered as a tributary one with a different name).

In the summary, it should be stated that in the large part of the Polish and Czech names of the geographical objects lying on the common boundary were drawn regardless of the names used in the neighboring country.
Evaluation of Patient Feedback following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy based on Information Described in the Informed Consent form Developed by the Association of Polish Surgeons
Authors: Misiak Piotr , Jabłoński Sławomir , Lazarek Jerry , Malinowska Katarzyna , Santorek-Strumiłło Edyta , Terlecki Artur
Published: January 2016

The cholecystectomy procedure is the most routinely performed intervention in general surgery. The current international gold standard is via the laparoscopic approach. It is a safe, minimally-invasive procedure; however, it is associated with complications in 1% of cases.

was to analyze patient feedback, by means of a survey, to determine how much knowledge patients possessed about their disease state and proposed surgical intervention, based primarily on information contained within the informed consent form developed by the Association of Polish Surgeons.

This study involved the participation of 51 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, indicated by a diagnosis of gallstones, in the years 2014 and 2015.

Despite having signed the informed consent form, there was considerable variation among the responses given to the survey by the 51 patients in this study. Some patients’ responses were tangential to the questions asked; many patients did not respond to any of the sub points.

Given that this study is based on a small sample size of patients, it must be presumed that the process by which the patient declares his or her informed consent requires further consideration with respect to the means by which it is obtained. The authors of this study thus recommend that multimedia resources be harnessed as part of the process of obtaining the informed consent of patients prior to surgical intervention.
Abdominal Cavity Eventration Treated by Means of the „Open Abdomen” Technique Using the Negative Pressure Therapy System – Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Trzeciak Piotr W. , Porzeżyńska Joanna , Ptasińska Karolina , Walczak Dominik A.
Published: January 2016

Wound dehiscence is a surgical complication in which the wound ruptures along the surgical suture with abdominal cavity bowel displacement. It is observed in 0.2-6% of operated patients. The extensive wound is a gateway for infection. Moreover, increased secretion of serous fluid induces a hygienic problem and may lead to secondary skin infections or bedsores. The negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) system is an innovative therapeutic method. It perfectly executes the TIME strategy, receiving more and more recognition.

The study presented a case of a 62-year old male patient after several consecutive wound dehiscence episodes who was primarily treated for rectal cancer by means of low anterior resection of the rectum. Due to acute respiratory insufficiency after several operations, wound necrosis with dehiscence was observed. Considering the high risk of perioperative death we abandoned surgical treatment and introduced conservative management using negative pressure wound therapy until the patient’s health improved. Literature regarding the above-mentioned issue was also reviewed.
New Coincident and Leading Indexes for the Lebanese Economy
Authors: Matta Samer
Published: January 2016

Weak economic statistics in Lebanon impede economic analysis and decision making. This paper presents a new coincident index and a leading index for the Lebanese economy. A new methodology, based on the National Bureau of Economic Research–Conference Board approach, was used to construct these indexes. The indexes can be used as monthly proxies for the evolution of real gross domestic product with a relatively small time lag (four to five months). Notwithstanding the relatively small sample period, the results reveal promising statistical properties that should make these new indexes valuable coincident and leading (one-year ahead) indexes for analyzing the dynamics of the Lebanese economy. However, given limitations on the length of the gross domestic product time series in Lebanon, the accuracy of these indexes in tracking the business cycle of the Lebanese economy is expected to improve over time as more data points become available.
Two assumptions in legal discourse: To answer for self and to tell the truth
Authors: Petrilli Susan
Published: January 2016

The distinction between “initial meanings” and “additional meanings” which corresponds to that between “explicit meanings” and “implicit meanings,” evidences the complex stratification of signifying processes that subtend and orient discourse. Hidden meanings are implicit, mediated, indirect meanings, additional meanings. They are traceable not only in meanings determined by context, but also in meanings more independent from context. Initial, explicit meaning is meaning fixed by use and tradition, but all the same it is somehow conditioned by additional, implicit meaning, by hidden meaning. This paper focuses on two related assumptions, or hidden meanings that are no less than central to legal discourse: answering for self and telling the truth. Though the hidden meaning in these assumptions is not explicated, it in fact orientates legal discourse. Hidden meaning involves shared knowledge which is implied and taken for granted even though it is not voiced. The important question is: what is the collective, social conception of the subject that is tacitly implied in legal discourse, such to be capable of answering for self and of telling the truth?