bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflectance confocal microscopy diagnostic accuracy for malignant melanoma in different clinical settings: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pezzini C. , Kaleci S. , Chester J. , Farnetani F. , Longo C. , Pellacani G.
Published: January 2020

Background

The diagnostic accuracy of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) of cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) seems promising. However, clinical scenarios in which RCM is most useful are still to be established.

Objectives

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of RCM for MM diagnosis according to study design, lesion type and diagnostic modality. Secondary outcomes include a comparison with dermoscopy.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Public Library Databases for English articles published prior to January 2019. Statistical analyses were conducted with Meta‐Disc v. 1.4, STATA 14.0 software and the QUADAS‐2 tool.

Results

A total of 32 studies (7352 lesions) were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity resulted 92% (95% CI: 0.91–0.93) and 70% (95% CI: 0.69–0.71), respectively. According to study design, diagnostic sensitivity was high for all study types, confirming a lower specificity for prospective interventional studies. Diagnostic accuracy remained high for all lesion types, with the highest specificity obtained for consecutive lesions of 77% (95% CI: 0.75–0.78) vs. 65% (95% CI: 0.63–0.66) for lesions highly suspicious for MM. RCM diagnostic accuracy was superior to dermoscopy, most notably in terms of specificity of 56% (95% CI: 0.52–0.60) vs. 38% (95% CI: 0.34–0.42), respectively. Studies were generally assessed across all domains as low or unclear risk of bias with a mainly low concern regarding applicability of evidence. Publication bias was asymmetrical (11.2 ± 4.0; 95% CI 2.97–19.43; P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Independent of study design, RCM has a high diagnostic power for MM detection, and unnecessary excisions are reduced compared to dermoscopy. This reduction is most evident in non‐decisional RCM scenarios and for lesions analysed at RCM consecutively compared to those selected highly suspicious for MM. However, the scarcity, heterogeneity and bias associated with the data in literature should be considered when interpreting present conclusions.
Sebocyte differentiation as a new target for acne therapy: an in vivo experience
Authors: Ottaviani M. , Flori E. , Mastrofrancesco A. , Briganti S. , Lora V. , Capitanio B. , Zouboulis C.C. , Picardo M.
Published: January 2020

Background

Acne, a disease of the sebaceous gland with multifactorial pathogenesis, affects more than 85% of adolescents. A better deepening of the mechanisms underlying the disease is needed to define effective and mechanism‐targeted treatments.

Objective

To understand whether the sebocyte differentiation process could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Methods

Protein expressions were evaluated by Western blot analysis and ELISA; mRNA levels by real‐time RT‐PCR, lipid analysis and lipid peroxidation were performed by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and spectrophotometric assay.

Results

In vitro, low differentiated SZ95 sebocyte expressed an up‐modulation of genes involved in sebogenesis and a higher level of insulin receptor respect to differentiated cells, resulting in an increased response to insulin and in the production of acne‐like sebum. The induction of SZ95 sebocyte differentiation by the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulator NAC‐GED0507 reduced the response to insulin normalizing the sebum production and decreasing the release of proinflammatory mediators. In vivo treatment of acne patients with NAC‐GED0507 1% gel ameliorated clinical manifestations and induced in sebum the expression of PPARγ, associated with the decrease in mammalian target of rapamycin activation and levels of inflammatory molecules, confirming the results obtained in vitro.

Conclusions

The study provides relevant insight into acne pathogenesis, identifying an alteration of sebocyte differentiation as pathogenetic basis of the disease and the induction of the differentiation process as a therapeutic target in acne therapy interfering with all pathogenic mechanisms.
Three‐year clinical performance of monolithic and partially veneered zirconia ceramic fixed partial dentures
Authors: Habibi Yasamin , Dawid Marie‐Theres , Waldecker Moritz , Rammelsberg Peter , Bömicke Wolfgang
Published: January 2020

Objective

To compare the 3‐year survival and success rates of monolithic (M) and partially veneered (PV) zirconia‐fixed partial dentures (FPDs).

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐seven FPDs (n = 33 M‐FPDs; n = 34 PV‐FPDs) were placed in 51 patients (n = 23 males; mean age 61.5 years) and clinically followed up 1 week, 6 months, and then yearly after placement. One hundred per cent (100%) of M‐FPDs and 70% of PV‐FPDs were located in the posterior region. Ninety‐two per cent (92%) of M‐FPDs had three units, whereas 50% of PV‐FPDs had more than three units. A facial veneer was present in 73% of the PV‐FPDs units. Survival and success were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test (α = .05).

Results

The mean observation period was 3.5 years for M‐FPDs and 3.1 years for PV‐FPDs. Most complications associated with FPDs were biological in nature. Ceramic defects occurred exclusively among PV‐FPDs. Three‐year survival was 96.7% for M‐FPDs and 93.8% for PV‐FPDs (P = .064). Three‐year success was 93.8% for M‐FPDs and 81.7% for PV‐FPDs (P = .039).

Conclusions

The use of both M‐FPDs and PV‐FPDs yielded clinically successful results over a mean period of 3 years.

Clinical Significance

By using monolithic or facially veneered zirconia, ceramic FPDs could be fabricated which showed only a minimum of technical complications over the period of investigation without sacrificing adequate esthetics.
Considerations in the replacement of over‐retained primary teeth with implant restorations in the esthetic zone: A case report
Authors: Jang Jae Yeon , Lee Sang J. , Lee Jason D.
Published: January 2020

Objective

There exist several treatment planning and clinical challenges when treating over‐retained primary teeth with dental implants—especially in the esthetic zone where the existing hard and soft tissue positions are not in harmony with adjacent dentition and do not serve as reliable landmarks for implant placement and restoration. In this report, we highlight some of the key aspects for achieving predictable treatment outcomes for implant restorations replacing over‐retained primary teeth in the esthetic zone.

Clinical considerations

This clinical report describes the treatment of a patient who presented with over‐retained deciduous canines consequent to congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors. The deciduous canines were deemed hopeless, and subsequently replaced with immediately placed implants following a computer‐guided protocol. The optimal implant positions were determined through a diagnostic wax‐up correcting the existing gingival discrepancies with the adjacent teeth. Existing periapical infections were addressed utilizing a vestibular approach to minimize the postoperative recession and scarring and achieve a more predictable esthetic outcome. Final restorations were fabricated with all ceramic materials for optimal esthetics.

Conclusion

When planning for implants to replace over‐retained primary teeth, it is essential to visualize the desired contours of the final restorations and correct the level of the existing gingival discrepancies by planning the proper implant position and angulation in relation to the adjacent teeth and gingival positions.

Clinical significance

Careful treatment planning coupled with a guided implant workflow allows for a successful surgical and esthetic outcome for the replacement of over‐retained primary teeth with implant restorations.
Detection of multiple naturally occurring Salmonella serotypes from commercial broiler carcasses with conventional methods
Authors: Cox Nelson A. , Berrang Mark E. , House Sandra L. , Hinton Arthur , Eric Line J. , Wiggins Latoya T.
Published: January 2020

Many laboratories sampling foods for Salmonella are interested only in presence or absence of Salmonella, so only one colony may be selected. The objectives of this study were to use two selective enrichment broths and two selective agar plating media for Salmonella recovery from naturally contaminated broiler carcass rinsates and evaluate these media combinations on Salmonella serotypes recovered from each carcass. Broiler carcasses (n = 52) from a commercial processing plant prior to chilling were rinsed with buffered peptone water and after incubation subcultured to gram‐negative and tetrathionate, and after inoculation to Rappaport Vassiliadis broth which was incubated and then streaked onto plates of Brilliant Green Sulfa and Xylose‐Lysine‐Tergitol‐4 agar. On 11/49 positive carcasses, both plating media yielded the same serotypes; for the other 38 positive samples different serotypes were found on the different plating media. Enrichment and plating media combinations influence the serotypes recovered and demonstrates bias even in a limited study such as this.
Habitual protein intake, protein distribution patterns and dietary sources in Irish adults with stratification by sex and age
Authors: Hone M. , Nugent A. P. , Walton J. , McNulty B. A. , Egan B.
Published: January 2020

Background

Given the importance of habitual dietary protein intake, distribution patterns and dietary sources in the aetiology of age‐related declines of muscle mass and function, the present study examined these factors as a function of sex and age in Irish adults aged 18–90 years comprising The National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS).

Methods

In total, 1051 (males, n = 523; females, n = 528) undertook a 4‐day semi‐weighed food diary. Total, body mass relative intake and percentage contribution to total energy intake of dietary protein were determined in addition to protein distribution scores (PDS), as well as the contribution of food groups, animal‐ and plant‐based foods to total protein intake.

Results

Total and relative protein intake [mean (SD)] were highest in those aged 18–35 years [96 (3) g day–1, 1.32 (0.40) g kg−1 day−1], with lower protein intakes with increasing age (i.e. in adults aged ≥65 years [82 (22) g, 1.15 (0.34) g kg−1 day−1, P < 0.001 for both]. Differences in protein intake between age groups were more pronounced in males compared to females. Protein distribution followed a skewed pattern for all age groups [breakfast, 15 (10) g; lunch, 30 (15) g; dinner, 44 (17) g]. Animal‐based foods were the dominant protein source within the diet [63% (11%) versus 37% (11%) plant protein, P < 0.001].

Conclusions

Protein intake and the number of meals reaching the purported threshold for maximising post‐prandial anabolism were highest in young adults, and lower with increasing age. For main meals, breakfast provided the lowest quantity of protein across all age categories and may represent an opportunity for improving protein distribution, whereas, in older adults, increasing the number of meals reaching the anabolic threshold regardless of distribution pattern may be more appropriate.
Health care utilisation in infants and young children born to women with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Salaeva D. , Tarasoff L. A. , Brown H. K.
Published: January 2020

Background

Mothers with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience socio‐economic and health disparities which could impact their offspring's health care utilisation. We systematically reviewed evidence on health care utilisation in infants and young children of women with and without IDD.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to October 2019 for studies examining preventive care, immunisations, emergency department visits, and hospitalisations. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using standardised tools. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated using random effects models for outcomes with data available from ≥3 studies.

Results

Four articles describing three cohort studies and one cross‐sectional study met our criteria. Maternal IDD status was associated with increased neonatal intensive care unit admission rates (pooled OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.31, 3.13). There were no differences in immunisation rates or hospitalisations.

Conclusions

Few studies have examined the impact of maternal IDD status on health care utilisation in their infants and young children. More high‐quality studies are needed.
Laparoscopic‐assisted myomectomy: Surgery center versus outpatient hospital
Authors: Danilyants Natalya , Mamik Mamta M. , MacKoul Paul , van der Does Louise Q. , Haworth Leah
Published: January 2020

Aim

To compare the safety protocols and operative outcomes of women undergoing laparoscopic‐assisted myomectomy (LAM) by the same surgeons at a freestanding ambulatory surgery center (ASC) versus a hospital outpatient setting.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of all women ≥18 years old with symptomatic leiomyoma, who underwent LAM with uterine artery occlusion or ligation for blood loss control, at a freestanding ASC between 2013 and 2017, and an outpatient hospital setting between 2011 and 2013, both serving the metropolitan Washington, DC area. The procedures were performed by two minimally invasive gynecologic surgical specialists from a single practice. The safety protocols of each setting were reviewed to identify similarities and differences.

Results

A total of 816 LAM cases were analyzed (ASC = 588, hospital = 228). The rate of complications was comparable across settings, as was the average myoma weight (ASC = 396.2 g; hospital = 461.5 g; P = 0.064). Operative time was significantly shorter at the ASC: 68 min (95% CI 66–70) versus 80 min at hospital (95% CI 76–84), P < 0.0001. Ambulatory surgery center and hospital protocols differed in limits of preoperative hemoglobin (minimum 9.0 g/dL, 7.5 g/dL respectively), lower nurse/patient ratio in PACU, and were similar in intraoperative surgical safety standards.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic‐assisted myomectomy can be performed safely and effectively by skilled surgeons at a freestanding ASC, even in patients with morbid obesity or large leiomyoma.
Clinical applications of uterus transplantation in China: Issues to take into consideration
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Ying , Ding Yan , Chen Gaowen , Zhang Xuyin , Wang Yifeng , Hua Keqin
Published: January 2020

Uterus transplantation (UTx) is an emerging surgical treatment for patients with absolute uterine factor infertility. However, the initial low surgical success of human UTx from the teams worldwide has revealed the difficulty of the surgery and called for preparatory team training in large animals. Also, the team who carried out the human UTx without previous systematic research in large animals or deceased donors encountered transplant failures, which was controversial and even deprived them of further trials. Various UTx studies in large animals, including dogs, pigs, sheep and macaques have been performed in China from different teams, compared to other countries around the world. However, among over 70 UTx that have been carried out worldwide, only three were carried out in China, with one live baby achieved. In this paper, we explore the possible challenges for human UTx in China. We conclude that it is critical to learn the lessons from the international team and adopt the international ethic views regarding UTx on humans. Also, it would be positive for the Chinese groups to establishing an academic society for UTx with regular meetings, which will raise public awareness of UTx, and guide the proper development of human UTx in China.
Juggling Between Parental and School Expectations: The Development of Domain‐Specific Acculturation Orientations in Early Adolescence
Authors: Vietze Jana , Schachner Maja K. , Juang Linda , van de Vijver Fons J.R. , Noack Peter
Published: January 2020

We examined how perceived acculturation expectations from parents and school, and ethnic discrimination predicted early adolescents’ heritage and mainstream acculturation orientations at home (private domain) and in school (public domain) one year later. We surveyed 263 early adolescents of immigrant background in Germany (Mage = 10.44 years, 60% female). Multigroup path analyses revealed that perceived acculturation expectations and ethnic discrimination were more strongly related to adolescents’ private than public acculturation orientations. Parental heritage expectations were the strongest predictor of adolescents’ acculturation orientations. Boys were more susceptible than girls to ethnic discrimination and acculturation expectations in school, which affected their private and public acculturation orientations. Results highlight the importance of integrating domain‐specific and gendered experiences when analyzing adolescents’ acculturative development.
The structure of the Legionella response regulator LqsR reveals amino acids critical for phosphorylation and dimerization
Authors: Hochstrasser Ramon , Hutter Cedric A. J. , Arnold Fabian M. , Bärlocher Kevin , Seeger Markus A. , Hilbi Hubert
Published: January 2020

The water‐borne bacterium Legionella pneumophila replicates in environmental protozoa and upon inhalation destroys alveolar macrophages, thus causing a potentially fatal pneumonia termed ‘Legionnaires’ disease’. L. pneumophila employs the Legionella quorum sensing (Lqs) system to control its life cycle, pathogen–host cell interactions, motility and natural competence. Signaling through the Lqs system occurs through the α‐hydroxyketone compound Legionella autoinducer‐1 (LAI‐1) and converges on the prototypic response regulator LqsR, which dimerizes upon phosphorylation of the conserved aspartate, D108. In this study, we determine the high‐resolution structure of monomeric LqsR. The structure reveals a receiver domain adopting a canonical (βα)5 fold, which is connected through an additional sixth helix and an extended α5‐helix to a novel output domain. The two domains delineate a mainly positively charged groove, and the output domain adopts a five‐stranded antiparallel β‐sheet fold similar to nucleotide‐binding proteins. Structure‐based mutagenesis identified amino acids critical for LqsR phosphorylation and dimerization. Upon phosphorylation, the LqsRD172A and LqsRD302N/E303Q mutant proteins dimerized even more readily than wild‐type LqsR, and no evidence for semi‐phosphorylated heterodimers was obtained. Taken together, the high‐resolution structure of LqsR reveals functionally relevant amino acid residues implicated in signal transduction of the prototypic response regulator.
A proper PiCAT2 level is critical for sporulation, sporangium function, and pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Wang Tu‐Hong , Wang Xiao‐Wen , Zhu Xiao‐Qiong , He Qun , Guo Li‐Yun
Published: January 2020

Catalase is present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and is important for the protective effects of the antioxidant system against free radicals. Many studies have confirmed that catalase is required for the growth, development, and pathogenesis of bacteria, plants, animals, and fungi. However, there has been relatively little research on the catalases in oomycetes, which form an important group of fungus‐like eukaryotes that produce zoosporangia. In this study, we detected two Phytophthora infestans genes encoding catalases, but only PiCAT2 exhibited catalase activity in the sporulation stage and was highly produced during asexual reproduction and in the late infection stage. Compared with the wild‐type strain, the PiCAT2‐silenced P. infestans transformants were more sensitive to abiotic stress, were less pathogenic, and had a lower colony expansion rate and lower PiMPK7, PiVPS1, and PiGPG1 expression levels. In contrast, the PiCAT2‐overexpressed transformants were slightly less sensitive to abiotic stress. Interestingly, increasing and decreasing PiCAT2 expression from the normal level inhibited sporulation, germination, and infectivity, and down‐regulated PiCdc14 expression, but up‐regulated PiSDA1 expression. These results suggest that PiCAT2 is required for P. infestans mycelial growth, asexual reproduction, abiotic stress tolerance, and pathogenicity. However, a proper PiCAT2 level is critical for the formation and normal function of sporangia. Furthermore, PiCAT2 affects P. infestans sporangial formation and function, pathogenicity, and abiotic stress tolerance by regulating the expression of cell cycle‐related genes (PiCdc14 and PiSDA1) and MAPK pathway genes. Our findings provide new insights into catalase functions in eukaryotic pathogens.
Changes in the relative prevalence of candidaemia due to non‐albicans Candida species in adult in‐patients: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Maraolo Alberto Enrico , Simeon Vittorio , Magnè Federica , Pace Maria Caterina , Gentile Ivan , Chiodini Paolo , Viscoli Claudio , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Mikulska Malgorzata , Fiore Marco , Bassetti Matteo
Published: January 2020

Background

Candidaemia remains associated with high mortality and increased costs worldwide.

Objective

To assess the changes over time in the relative prevalence of non‐albicans candidaemia (NAC).

Methods

A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression were performed. Observational studies investigating the epidemiology of consecutive, non‐selected, candidaemia episodes were included. Two separated analyses were conducted: (a) whole hospital analysis and (b) intensive care unit (ICU) analysis.

Results

Starting from an initial total of 7726 records, 220 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of NAC in whole hospital analysis was 49.5% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 48.0‐51.1, I2 93.1%), while the pooled prevalence in ICU analysis was 50.6% (95% CI 46.6‐54.6; I2 86.7%). In meta‐regression, a progressive increase in NAC prevalence was observed in whole hospital analysis, although it explained only a small portion of between‐study variance (estimated yearly prevalence change +0.3%, 95% CI from +0.1% to +0.5%, P = .003; adjusted R2 3.42%) and was observed only in some continents in subgroup analyses. No relevant changes over time were observed in NAC prevalence for ICU studies.

Conclusions

We registered an increasing trend in the relative prevalence of NAC, which, nonetheless, seems to be limited to some continents and to contribute only minimally to explain the observed differences in NAC prevalence across studies.
First seizure in adolescent immediately following E‐cigarette use: Two patient cases
Authors: Liu Emilie N. , McIntosh Andrew
Published: January 2020

The health risks of e‐cigarettes have been increasingly called into question due to their high nicotine concentration, rapid nicotine delivery mechanism, and large user population. Details concerning potential health risks, patterns of use, and risk factors surrounding e‐cigarette use are still being fully elucidated. We describe two adolescent patients who both presented with a first‐time, generalized tonic‐clonic seizure immediately after vaping a high‐concentration nicotine e‐cigarette. Neither had any epilepsy risk factors, and their medical histories, neurological examinations, brain magnetic resonance images, and electroencephalograms were normal. The findings presented in this report strengthen the isolated link between e‐cigarette use and seizure risk.
Complete chloroplast genomes of Liliaceae (s.l.) species: comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses
Authors: She Ruixue , Zhao Peng , Zhou Huijuan , Yue Ming , Yan Feng , Hu Guojia , Gao Xiaoxiao , Zhang Shuoxin
Published: January 2020

We first report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Fritillaria taipaiensis and determine its characteristics, sequence divergence and phylogenetic relationships by comparing it with complete cp genomes of Liliaceae s.l. (including e.g. Nartheciaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Asparagaceae) species obtained from NCBI Genbank. We show that the ycf1, ycf15 and infA genes have become pseudogenes or are lost in some of the seventeen Liliaceae species, and that dispersed repeats are prevailing among the four types of repeats (dispersed, palindromic, complement and tandem repeats). The number of simple sequence repeats ranged from 53 to 84 in the seventeen species, with mononucleotide repeats being the most abundant, followed by dinucleotides. A total of nine genes with positive selection sites were identified (atpB, atpE, ndhF, ndhH, petB, rpl2, rpl20, rpl22 and ycf2). Furthermore, we examined 19 mutational hotspot regions, including three coding regions (rps16, infA and rpl22) and sixteen non‐coding regions. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete cp genomes and protein‐coding sequences showed that Fritillaria is most closely related to Lilium. Moreover, Asparagus and Polygonatum, Hosta and Yucca are closely related to the Liliaceae. These results will contribute to further study of evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic relationships in Liliaceae s.l.
Towards narrowing the cassava yield gap
Authors: Rosenthal David M.
Published: January 2020

This article is a Commentary on De Souza et al. (2020), 225: 2498–2512.
Rapid evolution in plant–microbe interactions – an evolutionary genomics perspective
Authors: de Vries Sophie , Stukenbrock Eva H. , Rose Laura E.
Published: January 2020

Access to greater genomic resolution through new sequencing technologies is transforming the field of plant pathology. As scientists embrace these new methods, some overarching patterns and observations come into focus. Evolutionary genomic studies are used to determine not only the origins of pathogen lineages and geographic patterns of genetic diversity, but also to discern how natural selection structures genetic variation across the genome. With greater and greater resolution, we can now pinpoint the targets of selection on a large scale. At multiple levels, crypsis and convergent evolution are evident. Host jumps and shifts may be more pervasive than once believed, and hybridization and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) likely play important roles in the emergence of genetic novelty.
Factors Associated With Sleep Quality in Patients With Chronic Widespread Pain Attending Multidisciplinary Treatment
Authors: de Rooij Aleid , van der Leeden Marike , Roorda Leo D. , Rinkema Marieke , Beuving Willemine , Dekker Joost
Published: January 2020

Purpose

(1) To investigate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and (2) to explore the associations between clinical, cognitive, and emotional factors and quality of sleep in patients with chronic widespread pain (CWP) receiving multidisciplinary treatment.

Method

Baseline data were used from 163 patients with CWP referred for multidisciplinary treatment. Linear regression models were used to assess the relationship of clinical (pain, fatigue, pain interference, and disability), emotional (anxiety, depression, and psychological distress), and cognitive factors (catastrophizing, acceptance, self‐efficacy, kinesiophobia and illness beliefs) with sleep quality, as measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Results

Poor sleep quality was found in 92% of the patients. The multivariable model showed that a higher level of fatigue (b = 1.77, standard error [SE] = 0.62, β = 0.21, t = 2.87, P < 0.01), psychological distress (b = 0.02, SE = 0.01, β = 0.27, t = 3.50, P < 0.01), and more concerns about the illness (b = 0.46, SE = 0.18, β = 0.20, t = 2.57, P = 0.01) were independently associated with poorer quality of sleep. The overall linear regression model explains 27.9% of sleep quality.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of poor sleep quality in patients with CWP referred for multidisciplinary treatment emphasizes the need to target sleep during treatment. Further research is needed to disentangle the cause–effect relationship between fatigue, psychological distress, and concerns about the illness and poor sleep (note: this abstract has been published before [Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77:A1788]).
Making Americans Feel Great Again? Personal Significance Predicts Political Intentions of Losers and Winners of the 2016 U.S. Election
Authors: Jasko Katarzyna , Grzymala‐Moszczynska Joanna , Maj Marta , Szastok Marta , Kruglanski Arie W.
Published: January 2020

Reactions of losers and winners of political elections have important consequences for the political system during times of power transition. In four studies conducted immediately before and after the 2016 U.S. presidential elections, we investigated how personal significance induced by success or failure of one's candidate is related to hostile versus benevolent intentions toward political adversaries. We found that the less significant supporters of Hillary Clinton and supporters of Donald Trump felt after an imagined (Study 1A) or actual (Study 2) electoral failure the more they were willing to engage in peaceful actions against the elected president and the less they were willing to accept the results of the elections. However, while significance gain due to an imagined or actual electoral success was related to more benevolent intentions among Clinton supporters (Study 1B), it was related to more hostile intentions among Trump supporters (Studies 1B, 2, and 3).
A review of inclusive business models and their application in aquaculture development
Authors: Kaminski Alexander M. , Kruijssen Froukje , Cole Steven M. , Beveridge Malcolm C.M. , Dawson Claire , Mohan Chadag V. , Suri Sharon , Karim Manjurul , Chen Oai Li , Phillips Michael J. , Downing William , Weirowski Fred , Genschick Sven , Tran Nhuong , Rogers Wayne , Little David C.
Published: January 2020

For aquaculture to continue along its current growth trajectory and contribute towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, value chains must become more inclusive. Smallholders and other local value chain actors are often constrained by circumstances and market failures in the global aquaculture industry. Integrating these actors into aquaculture value chains through inclusive business models (IBMs) is often touted as a solution to sustainable and ethical trade and business that can generate development outcomes. We reviewed 36 papers under seven business models commonly used in agriculture development to assess their application in aquaculture value chains in lower‐income countries. A global value chain (GVC) analysis is used to unpack the economic and social upgrading objectives of the different IBMs, as well as the types of relational coordination used between actors in the chain to achieve development outcomes. The extent to which these IBMs helped poor actors overcome certain barriers is evaluated with a focus on how they may ensure or be a risk to inclusiveness through the relations and upgrading opportunities evident in their make‐up. The analysis found that the majority of the models focused on economic upgrading over social upgrading. Providing opportunities for the latter is key to achieving the inclusive objectives of IBMs. Greater horizontal coordination between actors can create further opportunities for economic upgrading established under vertical coordination with other nodes upstream and downstream in a value chain. There is a need to further contextualize these models to aquaculture systems and develop clear indicators of inclusiveness.
Acute exacerbations in IPF: A clarion call for collaborative research
Authors: Glaspole Ian N.
Published: January 2020

See related Article
Refining victims’ self‐reports on bullying: Assessing frequency, intensity, power imbalance, and goal‐directedness
Authors: Kaufman Tessa M. L. , Huitsing Gijs , Veenstra René
Published: January 2020

Bullying can be differentiated from other types of peer aggression by four key characteristics: frequency, intensity, power imbalance, and goal‐directedness. Existing instruments, however, usually assess the presence of these characteristics implicitly. Can self‐report instruments be refined using additional questions that assess each characteristic? We examined (a) what proportion of children classified as victims by the commonly used Revised Olweus’ bully/victim questionnaire (BVQ) also experienced the characteristics of bullying, and (b) the extent to which the presence of the characteristics was associated with emotional (affect, school, and classroom well‐being), relational (friendship, defending), and social status (popularity, rejection) adjustment correlates among victims. Using data from 1,738 students (Mage = 10.6; grades 5–8), including 138 victims according to the BVQ, the results showed that 43.1% of the children who were classified as victims by BVQ experienced all the four characteristics of bullying. Frequency ratings of victimization did not capture experiences that involved a power imbalance. Victims who reported all four key characteristics had greater emotional, relational, and social status problems than victims who did not report all characteristics. Thus, researchers who focus on victimization for diagnostic and prevention purposes can enrich self‐report measurements of bullying victimization by adding questions that assess the characteristics explicitly.
Tissue‐specific study across the stem of Taxus media identifies a phloem‐specific TmMYB3 involved in the transcriptional regulation of paclitaxel biosynthesis
Authors: Yu Chunna , Luo Xiujun , Zhang Chengchao , Xu Xinyun , Huang Jiefang , Chen Yueyue , Feng Shangguo , Zhan Xiaori , Zhang Lei , Yuan Huwei , Zheng Bingsong , Wang Huizhong , Shen Chenjia
Published: January 2020

Taxus stem barks can be used for extraction of paclitaxel. However, the composition of taxoids across the whole stem and the stem tissue‐specificity of paclitaxel biosynthesis‐related enzymes remain largely unknown. We used cultivated Taxus media trees for analyses of the chemical composition and protein of major stem tissues by an integrated metabolomic and proteomic approach, and the role of TmMYB3 in paclitaxel biosynthesis was investigated. The metabolomic landscape analysis showed differences in stem tissue‐specific accumulation of metabolites. Phytochemical analysis revealed that there is high accumulation of paclitaxel in the phloem. Ten key enzymes involved in paclitaxel biosynthesis were identified, most of which are predominantly produced in the phloem. The full‐length sequence of TmMYB3 and partial promoter sequences of five paclitaxel biosynthesis‐related genes were isolated. Several MYB recognition elements were found in the promoters of TBT, DBTNBT and TS. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations indicated that TmMYB3 is involved in paclitaxel biosynthesis by activating the expression of TBT and TS. Differences in the taxoid composition of different stem tissues suggest that the whole stem of T. media has potential for biotechnological applications. Phloem‐specific TmMYB3 plays a role in the transcriptional regulation of paclitaxel biosynthesis, and may explain the phloem‐specific accumulation of paclitaxel.
Adjusting Ankle Angle Measurement Based on a Strain Gauge Bridge for Powered Transtibial Prosthesis
Authors: Feng Yanggang , Wang Qining
Published: January 2020

Inaccurate ankle angle measurement may affect gait event detection accuracy, control parameter precision and assessment validity, and even finally result in gait asymmetry. This paper proposed an adjustment method based on a strain gauge bridge to obtain accurate ankle joint angle measurement for a powered transtibial prosthesis. The characteristics of relative creep, hysteresis, and temperature were studied. Then the curving fitting was used to study the relationship between the measured value of the strain gauge bridge and the compensation angle. Three male transtibial amputees participated in the experiments. Experimental results show that the strain gauge bridge can sense the deformation of carbon-fiber footplate, and be utilized to adjust the ankle angle. The effects of an inaccurate ankle angle were further discussed.
Atomic Study on Copper–Copper Bonding Using Nanoparticles
Authors: Song Xiaohui , Zhang Rui , Zhao Huadong
Published: January 2020

Thermocompression bonding of copper to copper using copper nanoparticles is studied using molecular dynamics. The bonding interface formation process is investigated frst. For the bonding process, the effects of temperature and external pressure are examined. Also, we examine the grain growth at the interface. The results show that the nanoparticles with high surface energy and low compressive strength provide the active atoms to bond with copper. Pressure determining the degree of deformation of nanoparticles transfers atoms from the interior to the surface of nanoparticles and provide more surface atom to form bonds with bulk copper. While continuous pressure increase does not help bonding, higher temperature will facilitate formation of vacancies by breaking the bonds and driving the metal atoms into these vacancies. In addition, a higher temperature promotes grain growth at the interface. These behaviors indicate that using nanoparticles as a bonding layer in metal bonding can effectively reduce bonding temperature and pressure. It is necessary to select appropriate pressure at initial bonding stage and provide continuous high-temperature hold time.
The Effect of Scale and Working Fluid on Sweeping Jet Frequency and Oscillation Angle
Authors: Bohan Brian T. , Polanka Marc D.
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to quantify in a controlled manner the effect of oscillator scale and working fluid on oscillator performance. The performance parameters of interest include the oscillation frequency and oscillation spread angle. Three scale models were manufactured with model attributes identical except for scale with models at two times and three times a baseline scale. Four working fluids were tested including helium, ethylene, carbon dioxide, and propane to generate a range of densities and viscosities. The frequency and oscillation angle measurements were obtained using high-speed video recordings of visible schlieren imagery. Trends in frequency were observed and quantified for each oscillator scale and working gas as a function of mass flowrate. This paper shows that these values could all be nondimensionalized with the data collapsing to a single Strouhal number between 0.015 and 0.018 depending on surface roughness, independent of the Reynolds number. This result expands on the authors' previously published work and confirms the previous finding that reveals the geometry and fluid properties also scale and collapse.
Analytical Study on the Effect of a Horizontal Perforated Plate on Sloshing Motion in a Rectangular Tank
Authors: Jin Heng , Liu Yong , Song Ruiyin , Liu Yi
Published: January 2020

Tank sloshing in a liquid cargo ship will cause instability or even overturning of its carrier if the external wave frequency is close to the natural frequency of the tank. The inherent damping of a tank without inner structures has been found to be insufficient for suppressing violent sloshing motion. A variety of damping plates have been designed to increase the inherent damping of the tank. Of them, a horizontal perforated plate (HPP) has been proved to be effective for dissipating energy in a swaying tank through experiments. In this study, the sloshing problem in a tank with an HPP under swaying and rolling excitation is analytically studied based on the potential theory. The quadratic pressure loss boundary at the perforated plate is adopted, and the matched eigenfunction expansion method (MEEM) with iterative calculations is used to develop the analytical model. Based on the different porosities and submerged depths of the plate, both the free surface elevations and the hydrodynamic coefficients are carefully examined. The results give a better understanding in the effect of the inner HPP on the sloshing motion in the ship tank.
Friction and Lubrication Behavior of a Selective Laser Melted Hydraulic Spool Valve Under Contaminated Conditions
Authors: Ding Hongqin , Lu Peng , Zhang Chao , Zhu Yi , Yang Huayong
Published: January 2020

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology has a great potential to reduce size and weight of hydraulic valves. However, the tribological performance of an SLMed valve has not been studied which is crucial for the performance and reliability of the valve, especially under contaminated conditions. In this study, the friction and lubrication behavior between an SLMed valve body and a traditional spool were studied using a scaled reciprocating test rig under various contaminated conditions (frequency at 5 Hz and 25 Hz; particle concentration at 0.4 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml; particle size at 1.6 µm and 15 µm). Three types of SLMed samples were fabricated using different exposure times: one has many large surface pores (pores area > 1000 µm2 accounts for 7.167% of the sample surface); one has a few small surface pores (pores area between 100 µm2 and 1000 µm2 accounts for 0.574% of the sample surface); and one only has micropores (pores area < 300 µm2 accounts for 0.168% of the sample surface). The density, hardness, microstructures, and pore characterization of the SLMed samples were investigated. The results indicated that the frequency greatly influenced friction and lubrication behaviors by determining lubrication regimes. The influence of surface pores on the lubrication and friction depends on contact conditions: pores which served as particle containers to reduce friction are prominent under 5 Hz frequency and high particle concentration; extra lubrication by the surface pores is observed under 25 Hz frequency and low particle concentration.
A Dynamic Wear Model for Micro-Grooved Water-Lubricated Bearings Under Transient Mixed Lubrication Condition
Authors: Xiang Guo , Han Yanfeng , He Tao , Wang Jiaxu , Xiao Ke
Published: January 2020

The study presents a dynamic wear model for micro-grooved water-lubricated bearings considering the transient mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (mixed-EHL) condition. In the established model, the modified Archard wear model and the mixed-EHL model are bridged to study the transient interdependent relationship between the sliding wear behavior and the mixed-EHL performance. In order to consider the effect of the transient mixed-EHL performance on the sliding wear, the Archard model is extended to include the time-varying wear coefficient based on the fatigue concept. To verify the presented model, the comparisons with the experimental results available in the literatures have been conducted. In this study, the evolution of the wear and mixed-EHL performance distribution over time is predicted, and the impact of the radial clearance, boundary friction coefficient, and surface parameters on the numerical predictions is evaluated. The simulation results reveal that the worn region moves toward the rotational direction slowly. The simulation results also reveal that the wear rate and the wear coefficient first decrease considerably, and then decrease gently, and the sliding wear geometry promotes the hydrodynamic effects and reduces the asperity contact during the operation. Furthermore, the parametric study demonstrates that dynamic wear and mixed-EHL performance is sensitive to the radial clearance, boundary friction coefficient, and surface parameters.
Reconstruction of the Force Applied to a Plate in the Time Domain From Sound Pressure Measurements
Authors: Bi Chuan-Xing , Hu Long , Zhang Yong-Bin , Zhang Xiao-Zheng
Published: January 2020

This paper provides a non-contact approach to reconstruct the distributed or concentrated force applied to a plate in the time domain. This approach is based on sound pressure measurements and is realized by coupling the techniques of real-time near-field acoustic holography (RT-NAH) and force reconstruction. A microphone array is used to measure the sound pressures in the near field of the plate. The measured sound pressures are taken as the inputs of the RT-NAH to reconstruct the vibration responses, including the normal acceleration, velocity, and displacement, on the surface of the plate. With the reconstructed vibration responses, the equation of motion governing the forced vibration can be further processed to reconstruct the force applied to the plate in the time domain. In the process of reconstructing the vibration responses, a displacement–pressure impulse response function is derived for the first time and is used in the RT-NAH. Results of numerical simulations as well as experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach can identify the location of the force accurately and reconstruct the time history of the force effectively, thereby helping to diagnose the mechanical cause of the radiated noise.
Time-effect of penile color duplex Doppler ultrasound for diagnosing vascular erectile dysfunction
Authors: Wang Jin , Wang Jing , Liu Qian , Jia Huijun , Zhang Cuihong , Liu Cong , Sun Lin , Shu Dong , Xia Jiugao , Guo Jialun , Wang Yanli , Tang Yong , Yang Yali , Zhu Zhaohui
Published: January 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the time-effect of color duplex Doppler ultrasound (CDDU) in the diagnosis of vascular erectile dysfunction (ED).Material and methods: Using a self-control study, we included patients who underwent penile CDDU and cavernosography in our hospital. We compared the arterial peak systolic velocity (PSV) of CDDU among different intervals for the diagnosis of arterial ED. We included 357 patients who were under consideration for vascular ED.Results: We found significant differences in all the pairwise comparison of PSV in the 1st (0–5 min), 2nd (6–10 min), 3rd (11–15 min), and 4th (16–20 min) 4 intervals after the injection of prostaglandin E1 (p<0.001), except the 11–15 min vs. the 16–20 min interval (p=0.387). Using cavernosography, 294 patients were diagnosed with venous ED. Compared with other intervals, the diagnosis of CDDU 11–15 min after the intracavernous injection of 20 ug prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) had the best consistency with cavernosography (Kappa=0.761; p<0.001). Compared with other intervals, CDDU at 11–15 min had the highest specificity (93.65%), the highest Youden index (0.85), positive likelihood ratio of 14.46, positive predictive value of 98.54%, negative predictive value of 71.08% and a coincidence rate of 92.16%.Conclusions: Our findings support the increased utilization of CDDU for the diagnosis of both arterial and venous ED. The diagnosis at 11–15 min after intracavernous injection of PGE1 is accurate and stable, which would help to simplify the process and shorten the time of CDDU.
Transient postsurgical gastroparesis is accompanied by reversible changes of the cervical vagus nerve’s morphology after neck dissection – an ultrasound study
Authors: Ozcaglayan Omer , Ersozlu Tolga
Published: January 2020

Aims: During neck dissection (ND), the vagus nerve (VN) may be exposed to manipulation together with common carotid artery and internal jugular vein. The postsurgical gastroparesis was previous related to the VN injury. The aim of our study was to evaluate by ultrasound the VN changes in patients with unilateral and bilateral ND and to establish if there is a relationship between postoperative findings of VN and postsurgical gastroparesis.Material and methods: Seventeen patients in which 30 ND (4 unilateral and 13 bilateral) were performed, were enrolled in the study. The VN’s area and diameter were measured preoperative (baseline), one week (T1) and one month (T2) postoperative. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated at T1 and T2 phases using the patient assessment of the upper gastrointestinal symptom severity index (PAGI-SYM).Results: There was a statistical difference between area and diameters of VN between T1 and baseline (p<0.001), and T1 and T2 phases (p<0.001), respectively. No statistical differences were detected at baseline and T2 phases in areas (p=0.934) and diameters (p>0.999). Gastrointestinal symptoms, found at the T1 phase regressed at T2 phase, were correlated with VN area and diameter changes (p<0.001).Conclusions: VN ultrasound clearly showed the transient dimensional changes of VN caused by manipulation in ND, which may lead to temporary gastrointestinal symptoms due to reversible dysfunction of VN.