bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the restraint mechanism between the earth and moon
Authors: DING Jian
Published: May 2019

The moon always use the same side to face toward the earth, but there is a dead angle in the mainstream theory of explaining this phenomenon. That is, it cannot explain why the moon doesn't rotate around the axis which is a straight line to connect the mass centers of the earth and moon. Because the numerous meteorite impact craters on the lunar surface indicate that the moon is completely possible to obtain external momentums and rotate around this axis. This paper proposes a plain explanation, that is, the universal gravitation between the earth and moon as well as the earth's magnetic field have formed a trinity restraint mechanism on the moon. According to this explanation, the moon's rotation can be locked, and the mechanism of lunar libration has been revealed out, which can also confirm mutually with the natural phenomenon that the moon has sought a balance in the swing. In addition, with the help of all kinds of detection data from the Apollo moon landings and other circumlunar spacecraft, as well as the studies and analysis of lunar soil samples, the conclusion is that as far as a whole for the moon, it belongs to paramagnetic substances, and its relative permeability is between 1.008 and 1.03. Although the magnetic flux density of the earth on the lunar orbit has been dropped below 0.0008125 nT or lower due to the impact of the solar wind, but it can be used as a reason to lock the moon without rotating around the axis which is a straight line to connect the mass centers of the earth and moon. If another main reason to cause the existence of this fact cannot be found, even if the magnetic flux density of the geomagnetism in lunar orbit is very small, it also should not be artificially ignored. In this regard, we can artificially change the intensity of the earth's magnetic field, and carefully observe the lunar libration and in the distance between the earth and the moon, to verify the arguments in this paper.
Role of Ethanol Lock Therapy Vs Heparin Lock In Preventing Infections in Non-Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters
Authors: Shrestha Sagar KD , Raut K. B.
Published: May 2019

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the rate of catheter related bloodstream infection using intraluminal 70% ethanol lock 20 min prior to initiation of hemodialysis in comparison with heparin lock and also to study adverse events with the use of locks.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Out of 196 patients, eligible 128 patients who under went hemodialysis in Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, were randomly allocated to 68 jugular catheterization with ethanol lock or heparin lock and 60 femoral catheterization with ethanol lock or heparin lock. 5 patients with jugular catheter with ethanol lock and 3 patients with heparin lock changed center. The major outcomes were catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) or thrombosis or other adverse effects.

RESULTS: According to KDIGO definition of CRBSI, definite CRBSI occurred in 22 (18.33%) patients in Heparin group, probable CRBSI occurred in 31 (25.83%) patients in Heparin whereas definite CRBSI occurred in 1 (1.38%) patient in Ethanol group, and possible CRBSI occurred in 18 (15.00%) patients in Ethanol group. Most common organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in heparin group. No adverse events occurred in ethanol group.

CONCLUSION: Our study has suggested Ethanol lock therapy is effective in preventing CRBSI as there were fewer CRBSI in ethanol lock in comparision to heparin lock which needs to studied in large population.
Sistemas microestruturados empregando dispersões sólidas contendo óleo essencial de tomilho: desenvolvimento, síntese e caracterização físico-química e morfológica
Authors: Guimarães Marcelo , Siviero Beatriz Rodrigues , Da Silva Bruno Batista
Published: May 2019

As dispersões sólidas constituem hoje um importante campo de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de liberação de fármacos que tenham como característica a hidrofobia, propriedade essa que dificulta a sua biodisponibilidade, fazendo com que sejam descartados de novas pesquisas. As vantagens proporcionadas são uma maior hidrossolubilidade através da dispersão em carreador hidrofílico e a diminuição micrométrica das partículas. Aliada ao aprimoramento de sistemas medicamentosos inovadores, essa pesquisa é uma alternativa no emprego de uma nova droga antiparasitária, campo que precisa urgentemente de melhoras devido à presença de resistência a farmacoterapia usual e a possibilidade de efeitos colaterais graves. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de dispersões sólidas utilizando o óleo essencial de tomilho (Thymus vulgaris), conhecido por sua atividade antiparasitária, sendo considerado um novo sistema de liberação medicamentosa. O método de preparo escolhido foi a técnica fusão-solvente, empregando o polietilenoglicol (PEG) como carreador. Sua caracterização deu-se por testes de espectrofotometria de infravermelho, análise térmica diferencial e termogravimetria, difração de raio-X e microscopia eletrônica. A análise de microscopia eletrônica demonstrou uma diminuição do tamanho de partículas, além do aumento no número destas partículas. As análises comparativas de infravermelho e difração de raios-X, sugerindo a correta encapsulação do óleo. Além disso, a análise térmica comparativa demonstrou uma interação positiva entre o fármaco e o carreador.
Cortisol sanguíneo e qualidade da carcaça de frangos abatidos insensibilizados por eletronarcose e método halal
Authors: Da Costa Mendes Paulo
Published: May 2019

Brazil is the largest exporter of broiler chickens in world. This prominent position is accomplished by service the demands of consumers markets with incisive requirements, requiring investments in environmental sustainability and animal welfare. Among these markets, the countries of Islam religion have considerable importance for Brazilian exports. This study aimed to assess blood cortisol and chicken carcass quality slaughtered by the Halal method without stunning, required by Islam, with others stunned by electro narcosis prior the slaughter, according to humanitarian normal rules. Serum levels of blood cortisol have been performed to evaluate the immediate stress and the experimental design was completely randomized. It also assessed the carcass quality of animal housing slaughtered by both methods seeking to identify changes that show non-compliance with the animal welfare standards, depreciating therefore the carcass quality. It was found that there was a statistical difference between the different methods of slaughter, and that the halal method, although there is stunning, showed less stress animals found after analysis of the blood cortisol measurement. By the comparison of the quality of housing also performed better than the animals were stunned by electro because they were not identified changes gore or characteristic employment splashed of electricity. We conclude that from the perspective of stress and carcass quality at slaughter Halal method is superior to the slaughter of animals for electro.
Strategi Balai Penyuluhan Keluarga Berencana Kabupaten Bungo dalam Pengendalian Pertumbuhan Penduduk Suku Anak Dalam
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Jaya Mulia , Wahyu Ningsih Atia
Published: May 2019

Muara Bungo is one of the Regencies in Jambi Province which was shown in 2017, obtained data from BPS, the total birth rate in Bungo Regency is still high, which is 2.50. That means, every woman who is still in her reproductive period has an average of three to five children. In Dwi Karya Bakti Village is a group of Children in Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) who have started living permanently since 2012. The Bungo District Government has supported as much as possible to empower the SAD. SAD is a Maalau heretic who runs a prison in Air Hitam, Bukit Dua Belas National Park. Efforts to control the growth of SAD have been made since they lived permanently. The population growth rate of SAD is still very high, this is due to the total or total fertility rate (TFR) which is still high and uncontrolled with the number of births reaching 17 babies each year from 55 families. Based on data obtained by researchers from the Rio Dusun Dwi Karya Bhakti office about SAD from Couples of Fertile Age to Monopause still produce children up to 8 people. Therefore, family planning extension staff must implement strategies that can support the growth of SAD by providing family planning counseling and the use of contraceptives. Most of the SAD in Dwi Karya Bhakti Hamlet still have been moved to the forest, which according to them is still available many game animals such as pigs, deer and antelope. The method used in this study used a descriptive method with qualitative data analysis. The strategy of the Pelepat District Family Planning Counseling Center in the Control of Population of Children in the Dwi Karya Bhakti Village in 2015-2017 includes strategies for cooperation and cooperation with related parties, field counseling strategies, and clinical counseling strategies. Obstacles issued by the Pelepat District Family Planning Counseling Center in Population Control for Children in the Dwi Karya Bhakti Village, among others, are not routinely supported, it is difficult to provide assistance to SAD, and there are still SADs that are mobile (Nomadic).
Role of silymarin in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Time to clear the mist
Authors: Roy Kuhu , Lyer Uma
Published: May 2019

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common chronic liver disease, global in nature. Occurring in individuals without a history of significant ethanol consumption, it encompasses a wide spectrum of hepatic disorders. It ranges from simple steatosis, to its advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis to even hepatocellular carcinoma. Infact, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can also develop even in the absence of cirrhosis. The prevalence of NAFLD is on the rise primarily because of the already prevalent metabolic conditions like insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, central obesity and dyslipidemia. Therefore, NAFLD is associated with adverse metabolic consequences. Other than the detrimental hepatic outcomes mentioned above, cases of NAFLD have a very high predisposition to cardiovascular disease. Therefore, management of NAFLD is of paramount importance. However, the challenge lies in the fact that there are no approved therapeutic drug regimens for the treatment of NAFLD. Currently, the standard care comprises of treating the underlying co-existing metabolic abnormalities along with a strong focus on lifestyle modification.Keywords: Non—alcoholic fatty liver disease, antioxidants, milk thistle, silymarin, flavonolignans, silibin
Assessment of capacity of using sentinel-1 images in monitoring land subsidence in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Le Trung Van , Nguyen Co Tang
Published: May 2019

Permanent Scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) technique is used commonly to evaluate land subsidence for some cities in the world and the pilot project in Ho Chi Minh City has shown the capability of this technique for mapping land subsidence in the period from 2006 to 2010. The result shows that PSInSAR can be applied to study the land subsidence phenomenon more efficiently than any traditional methods. However, SAR data often are commercial images such as ERS, ALOS, COSMO SkyMed… that a large number of SAR scenes must be collected to ensure the best results. This paper introduces results of the average subsidence velocities in Ho Chi Minh City that PSInSAR technique is applied to process SAR data from Sentinel-1 and COSMO SkyMed satellite. Evaluating the preliminary result showed that the capacity of using free Sentinel-1 images to replace commercial images for monitoring land subsidence.
The End of Life is an Auspicious Opportunity for Healing
Authors: Anderson Michael , Woticky Gemma
Published: May 2019

The majority of Indigenous peoples on Turtle Island (North America) now live in urban settlements, and likely may die in urban spaces. Based upon academic and grey literature searches in 2018 of Indigenous death, dying, grieving, and palliative care in Canada, there is a near absence of information exploring this pivotal life event in the urban context. The diversity of urban Indigenous identities, lived experiences, and degree of connection to Indigenous culture highlights the complexity of the interconnection of death, Indigeneity, and urbanity. Fortunately, signs exist of Indigenous cultural and ceremonial revitalization in urban spaces, and the end of life offers an auspicious opportunity for healing from the intergenerational trauma arising from colonization.

Despite the plurality of cultures in urban settlements on Turtle Island, colonization informs and dominates most systems, including the framing of death and dying as a medical event. However, in my experience, death is more about culture and community. Reconciliation for urban Indigenous communities involves negotiating this challenging paradox between colonial and Indigenous worldviews. Rather than developing new strategies, I posit that existing knowledge – the Medicine Wheel and the Two Row Wampum – offer a vision for restoring respect, balance, and spirit to the end-of-life journey. The Medicine Wheel and the Two Row Wampum teachings offer an Indigenous theoretical framework to consider the complex space created by the interconnection of death, Indigeneity, and urbanity and offers a strength-based approach to guide future end-of-life research, policy, and practice to improve the end-of-life experience for urban Indigenous communities.
Cultural Safety Training for Health Professionals Working with Indigenous Populations in Montreal, Québec
Authors: Yaphe Sean , Richer Faisca , Martin Carrie
Published: May 2019

Urban Indigenous populations face some of the most significant barriers to access to health services out of any population in Canada. The Indigenous community in Montreal developed a cultural safety training program to help decrease some of these barriers. An extensive review of published literature on cultural safety in health care was performed. A training program was developed to: describe the diversity of Indigenous populations in Montreal; explain historic and present-day determinants of health inequities in this population; develop competencies to respect clients’ diversity and promote cultural safety in care. A pre-test survey was circulated to participants to establish baseline knowledge and attitudes towards Indigenous populations. The program was divided into 3 half-day sessions. After each session, a satisfaction evaluation grid survey was circulated to participants. The Indigenous Cultural Safety Training Program was presented to a total of 45 nurses, social workers, and physicians with frequent interactions with the Indigenous community in Montréal. Having an Elder and community member present appeared to have been successful in increasing participants level of awareness of the importance of improving the quality of health care services provided. Challenges were identified regarding the transmission of the political aspect of the cultural safety concept, and the importance of decolonizing health care systems. Reflections on how to address these in the future will be discussed. Cultural safety training for health professionals is challenging, yet, a necessity to improve access to care and improve health outcomes in urban Indigenous populations.
Building on Strengths: Collaborative Intergenerational Health Research with Urban First Nations and Métis Women and Girls
Authors: Cooper Elizabeth , Driedger S Michelle , Lavoie Josée
Published: May 2019

Little research has focused on how Indigenous girls and their familial female caregivers negotiate issues pertaining to wellbeing and decision-making practices. To address this gap, we employed a novel intergenerational Indigenous partnership methods using various decolonizing action and arts-based activities, to allow participants to guide and modify the direction of the research throughout data collection. We report on three separate activities: a physical game to address concepts of wellness, a memory game that focused on harm reduction and an art project that explored self-esteem. Within each of these activities, female family members and girls worked together to unpack issues of importance within their lives. We conclude that a flexible participatory research design within an intergenerational setting can meet not only the proposed research objectives, but participants’ ever-changing questions and concerns pertaining to health and wellbeing, while still producing rich data to answer important research questions.
Community-Specific Risk and Protective Factors for Risky Alcohol Consumption in American Indian Women of Reproductive Potential: Informing Interventions
Authors: Montag Annika C , Calac Daniel J , Chambers Christina D
Published: May 2019

Objective:  To explore the effect of community-specific risk and protective factors on risky alcohol consumption and vulnerability to having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy in women within a Southern California American Indian community.  Methods:  A sample of 343 American Indian women of childbearing age was enrolled in a study of risky drinking. All participants completed a questionnaire including alcohol consumption, other health behaviors, the T-ACE risky alcohol consumption screen and the PHQ-9 to measure depression and functionality. A subset of 80 women additionally answered focus group-derived questions about why they choose or do not choose to drink.  Results:  Risk and protective factors varied among sample subgroups. Broadly, factors affecting risk and protection included:  depression, perception of other women’s drinking, children/family, perception of risk to the unborn child, and feeling pressured to drink.  Women’s drinking was highly influenced by female friends and relatives.  Women were most likely to drink with a girlfriend.  Nearly 40% of all participants asked felt pressured to drink.  Depression was associated with riskier alcohol consumption, less effective contraception, and testing positive for risky drinking using the T-ACE screen. Depressed women were more likely to binge drink because of stress, trauma, and “to escape my problems”, and more likely to have been exposed to trauma including sexual assault. Conclusions:  Interventions should incorporate community-specific factors.  In the present sample, two separate strategies are indicated by the data:  an information campaign to increase women’s awareness of true social norms and the risks of prenatal alcohol-exposure; and screening for and treating depression.
A First Nations Framework for Emergency Planning
Authors: Montesanti Stephanie , Thurston Wilfreda E , Turner David , Medicine Traveler Reynold
Published: May 2019

In June 2013, a severe flooding of the Bow and Elbow Rivers affected southern Alberta, a province in Canada. The flood was subsequently described to be the costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. Among the hardest hit communities was the Siksika First Nation, located on the Bow River banks about 100 kilometers east of the city of Calgary.A community-university partnership was formed to document the Siksika First Nation community-based response to the health and social effects to their community from the flood. Our qualitative case study sought to: (1) document Siksika First Nation’s response to the health and social impacts resulting from flood in their community; and (2)develop a culturally appropriate framework for disaster and emergency planning in First Nations communities. The Siksika’s work to mitigate the impact of the flood followed a holistic or socio-ecological model that took the determinants of population health into consideration.
Vrtovi odgojno-obrazovnih institucija na području gradske četvrti Sesvete
Authors: Židovec Vesna , Pirić Tea , Skendrović Babojelić Martina , Dujmović Purgar Dubravka
Published: May 2019

Uz sve funkcije koje imaju zelene površine, školski vrt ima još i edukativnu ulogu. Nekad je bio vezan uz škole u ruralnom području, dok danas postoje brojne potvrde o njegovoj važnosti u obrazovnom procesu bez obzira radi li se o ruralnom ili urbanom okruženju. Gradska četvrt Sesvete cijelim je svojim područjem smještena izvan granica grada Zagreba kao naselja. Zauzima čak četvrtinu njegovog ukupnog prostora na sjeveroistoku grada. Još prije nekoliko desetljeća najveći je dio tog prostora obilježavao izrazito ruralni način života, elementi kojega su i danas jasno vidljivi u većini ovdašnjih naselja. Industrijalizacija i s njom povezano doseljavanje tisuća novih stanovnika ponajprije su, već sredinom šezdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, potaknuli brzu urbanizaciju tada još malih Sesveta i drugih tadašnjih samostalnih naselja. Na cijelom području postoje 4 gradske i 5 privatnih predškolskih ustanova te osam osnovnih škola. Neke od tih institucija imaju vrt koji je uključen u obrazovni program sa svrhom razvoja pozitivnih psihofizičkih osobina kod učenika. Cilj rada bio je istražiti postojanje vrtova uz odgojno-obrazovne institucije (predškolske TIP 1 i osnovnoškolske TIP 2) na području gradske četvrti Sesvete, identificirati biljne svojte prema kategorijama (jedno- i dvogodišnje cvjetne vrste, trajnice i geofiti, grmlje, drveće i penjačice); procijeniti uređenost vrtova i njihovu usklađenost s tradicijom i prostorom u kojem se nalaze. U vrtovima TIP 1 zabilježeno je ukupno 97 svojti (44 jedno- i dvogodišnje, 12 trajnica i geofita, 15 grmova i 26 stabala), a u vrtovima TIP 2 ukupno 40 svojti (8 jedno- i dvogodišnje, 7 trajnica i geofita, 19 grmova i 6 stabala). Osim jednog vrtića, niti jedna od istraživanih odgojno-obrazovnih institucija na području gradske četvrti Sesvete niju imala vrt uključen u odgojno-obrazovni rad.
Screening and isolation of arsenic tolerant Rhizobacteria from arsenic contaminated areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Taher AM , Quadir QF , Hossen MZ , Nazneen T , Rahman A
Published: May 2019

An experiment was carried out to collect and isolate arsenic (As) tolerant rhizobacteria from As contaminated areas of Faridpur district. A total of 32 root samples of 17 plant species were collected from six locations of Bhanga and Nagarkanda upazila. From the plant roots, 16 rhizobacterial isolates were separated and their pure cultures were prepared. The collected rhizobacterial isolates were then characterized for morphological and biochemical traits. Among the bacterial isolates four were gram negative and 12 were gram positive. About 12 bacterial isolates had catalase producing capacity and the remaining three were negative to catalase test. Four bacterial isolates gave the positive HCN test. These bacterial isolates were grown on Pikovskays media to determine their phosphorus (P) solubilizing capacity. Four bacterial isolates had P solubilizing capacity and their Phosphorus Solubilizing Index (PSI) ranged between 3.00 and 4.66. However, isolate FB4 gave the highest P solubilization (4.66 PSI). For the evaluation of As tolerance, nutrient agar medium was prepared with different concentrations of As ranging from 30 to 600 ppm and the bacterial isolates were allowed to grow on the As contaminated medium for 36 hours. Isolate FB9 and FB4 showed maximum tolerance against As upto 600 ppm. Hence, these two isolates, both collected from Bhanga upazila and from wild brinjal species (Solanum capsicoides). Further research is needed to assess their effect on As dynamics at the rhizosphere, selection of suitable plant species for bacterial association and their potentials for field applications.

Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 30, Suppl. 1: 17-25, 2019
Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in four maize genotypes influenced by first phase of salt stress
Authors: Uddin MN , Hoque MIU , Monira S , Bari MAA
Published: May 2019

Responses in photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and chlorophyll content of four maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes were examined under first phase of salt stress. In the experiment four maize genotypes viz. indigenous yellow pure line, indigenous yellow, hybrid, and indigenous white were tested in two levels of salinity (control: without NaCl application; salinity: 12 dS m-1 by applying NaCl). The experiment was laid out following completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in the net house of Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Plants were harvested on day 21 after 7 d application of full salt stress (12 dS m-1). The reductions of shoot fresh masses under salinity were 70, 57, 55 and 61% in indigenous yellow pure line, indigenous yellow, hybrid, and indigenous white, respectively. Some core physiological parameters viz. net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and the chlorophyll content decreased in all the maize genotypes except indigenous white under first phase of salt stress. In contrast, the ratio of variable ﬂuorescence to maximal ﬂuorescence (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II significantly decreased only in indigenous yellow pure line under salinity stress. Thus the first phase of salt stress seemed to be deleterious on its response to shoot fresh mass production in all the tested four maize genotypes with the concomitant decrease in rate of photosynthesis, rate of transpiration, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content in all genotypes except indigenous white.

Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 30, Suppl. 1: 26-32, 2019
Clinical Profile of Thalassemia Syndrome in Children of Northern Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Md Rustam , Bari Md Iqbal , Mia Md Sanaul Haque , Rahman Md Khalilur , Hossain Md Farid , Sharmin Laila Shamima
Published: May 2019

Background: Thalassemia is a common hematological disorder in our country having wide spectrum of clinical presentation. The frequency and severity of the several types of thalassemia depend on the racial background of the population. Hb-E Beta thalassemia is prevalent in our country.

Objective: To see the clinical features of different types of Thalassemia in northern area of Bangladesh. Methods: Hundred cases were selected from Thalassemia patient admitted in department of pediatrics, on May 2012 to October 2012. A prescribed questionnaire was used to record the information. The methods were explained to the patients and consent was taken. Necessary physical examination was performed and investigations were done. The data was analyzed by standard procedure.

Results: Out of hundred (100) cases, most (61%) were Hb-E beta Thalassemia, less common (1%) was Hb-E disease, and 1 % case was Hb-E trait. Majority (64%) manifested clinically under one year of age. 54% were male and 46% were female. The major presenting symptom was progressive pallor in 70% cases. Others presenting complaints were low grade fever (40%). Hemoglobin concentration at the time of diagnosis was below 5 gm/dl in 53.33% patients. In hemoglobin electrophoresis it was Hb-E ranged from 54.64 ± 13.02%, Hb-F 34.84±13.73%, Hb-A 23.32± 18.15% and Hb-A2 3.5± 70%. Radiological findings revealed gross bony changes occur in long standing cases. Enlarged cardiac shadow was found in those cases having severe anemia with heart failure.

Conclusion: In countries with a high incidence of thalassemia, it is vitally important to offer prospective genetic counseling and to warn carriers about the risks of intramarriage. Nutritional and folic acid supplementation with regular blood transfusion along with iron chelation therapy is essential to improve the prognosis.

TAJ 2018; 31(2): 6-11
Clinical Presentation and Surgical Outcome of Parotid Gland Tumors- Experience in ENT Department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Chowdhury Milon Kumar , Haque Enamul , Sarkar Sunandita , Sarkar Anindita , Haque Mahmudul
Published: May 2019

Objective: To assess the clinical presentation and outcome of surgical treatment of various parotid gland diseases requiring parotidectomy. Setting & design: this was a retrospective study conducted of all patients who underwent different types of parotidectomy in the Department of ENT of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital between January, 2014 to December, 2017.

Materials & Methods: Patients presenting with parotid gland disorders requiring various range of parotidectomy admitted in ENT dept. RMCH were included in this study. The location of the tumor and diagnosis was confirmed in every case by advising ultrasound of the parotid region and/or computed tomography scan/MRI along with fine needle aspiration cytology of the swelling. Data regarding age, gender & histology, operative procedure and post-operative complications were meticulously entered in a previously prepared questionnaire for this purpose. Patients were followed up for about two years.

Results: Out of 68 patients, 37 (54.4 %) were male and 31 (45.6 %) were female with age ranging from 26 to 63 yrs. with a mean age of 39.5 years. All of them presented with painless parotid lump. 55 Fifty Five Patients (80.9%) had benign pathology while 13 patients (19.1%) had malignancy. Superficial parotidectomy was alone in 48 patients (70.6%), total parotidectomy in 18 (26.5%) patients and extended parotidectomy was performed in 2 cases (2.9%). The most common post-operative complication was numbness of ear lobule (gradually improving with time) in 8 patients (11.8 %), followed by transient facial nerve paresis in 7 patients (10.3%). There was no hospital mortality.

Conclusion: Parotid gland disorders affect each gender almost equally. Most of the patients present with benign pathology, superficial parotidectomy is the commonly offered surgical management. All parotid surgeries are safely performed in Department of ENT with minimum morbidity.

TAJ 2018; 31(2): 21-26
Evaluation of Glycyrrhizic Acid Content in Licorice Roots and Products of its Processing by HPLC-UV Method
Authors: Brovchenko B. V. , Ermakova V. A. , Bokov D. O. , Samylina I. A. , Lazareva N. B.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The actual form of packaging licorice roots for water extraction are filter paper sachets. New forms of licorice root processing provide the proper technological properties of raw materials for filter paper sachets.

Aim. A comparative assessment of the of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) content in licorice roots (LR), produced in the Russian Federation and in licorice raw materials of various processing methods by HPLC-UV.

Materials and methods. The objects of research were crushed LR, packaged in packs of industrial production and laboratory-industrial samples of coarse powder (CP), cut-pressed granules (CPG) and compositions proposed for packaging in filter paper sachets. The determination of GA content was carried out on an Agilent 1200 high performance liquid chromatography system equipped with a photodiode array detector (Agilent Technologies, USA). The stationary phase is column Phenomenex Luna® C18 (2) 250×4.6 mm. The composition of the mobile phase – 5% orthophosphoric acid water solution: acetonitrile (60:40). A flow rate – 1.0 ml/min, isocratic elution mode. The temperature of the column – 30 °C. The sample injected volume – 10 µl. Detection was performed at a wavelength of 254 nm; run time – 15 minutes.

Results and discussion. The GA content in CP, CPG and the composition of CP and CPG –was determined in the ratio of 80:20 (composition). It was established that the GA content varies in the LR in the range – 7.08–9.17%, CP – 3.87–3.90%, CPG – 6.88–7.08%, and the composition – 4.44–4.88%.

Conclusion. The use of HPLC-UV method for the standardization of licorice roots of domestic production and the roots of various forms of processing is very promising. The technique can be recommended for inclusion in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of a subsequent edition, which will allow harmonizing the quality requirements of domestic licorice raw materials with the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias.
CAR EXHAUSTS AND HUMAN ECOLOGY (Literature review)
Authors: Golokhvast K S , Chernyshev V V , Ugay S M
Published: May 2019

The review is devoted to the analysis of the latest data on research of hygienic aspects of influence of firm and gaseous components of car exhausts on human and environmental health in modern cities. The history of studying of impact of motor transport exhausts components on human health and environment from 1930 to 2014 has been considered. According to literature data, the most dangerous components of exhausts have been separated: gases (SO3, NOx), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene, phenantrene, acenaptilene and fluorantene), firm particles of PM1 and PM25 (soot, ashes, oxides and salts of metals). It has been shown that motor transport conversion to new types of fuel (biodiesel, hybrid electric installations, bioethanol) didn't reduce harmful effects of exhausts on ecology. The mechanism of negative effects of engine exhausts, according to literature, consists of induction of a local inflammatory reaction in airways, and then - in a system inflammatory response. The materials of the articles in the Scopus database (www.scopus. com), Web of Science (http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com), Biological Abstracts were used (http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jloptions.cgi? PC=BA), PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/). The review of literature has shown that despite numerous foreign and domestic studies, solutions of the problem of a decrease in negative impact of motor transport exhausts on city ecology and human health was not developed.
Efek Kadar Serum Estradiol Fase Bleeding Siklus Menstruasi Pada Aktivitas Fibroblas Dermis Manusia
Authors: Regina Graciella , Febriana Sri Awalia , Wirohadidjojo Yohanes Widodo
Published: May 2019

Pembedahan elektif selama fase bleeding siklus menstruasi sering dihindari terkait gangguan koagulasi. Salah satu hormon yang berhubungan dengan proses penyembuhan luka adalah estrogen. Kadar estrogen berfluktuasi sepanjang siklus menstruasi dan berada pada kadar terendah selama fase bleeding. Penelitian eksperimental ex vivo dilakukan pada 16 perempuan berusia 18â€“40 tahun yang memiliki siklus menstruasi teratur. Darah vena subjek diambil sebanyak 5ml pada fase bleeding dan ovulasi. Kemampuan penyembuhan luka dari masing-masing serum dinilai dengan mengukur proliferasi fibroblas dan deposisi kolagen fibroblas kulit. Ovulasi ditentukan dengan uji pakis saliva, kadar estradiol serum diukur menggunakan Cobas ElecsysÂ®, proliferasi fibroblas menggunakan MTT assay, dan deposisi kolagen dengan sirius red. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kadar serum estradiol pada fase bleeding dan ovulasi berturut-turut adalah 29,6Â±10,5pg/dl dan 180,1Â±164,5pg/dl. Rerata indeks proliferasi fibroblas yang dipajankan pada fase bleeding dan ovulasi adalah 1,09Â±0,63 dan 1,44Â±0,66. Rerata densitas optik kolagen fibroblas yang terpajan serum fase bleeding dan ovulasi adalah 0,47Â±0,2 dan 0,54Â±0,14. Seluruhnya menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Serum fase bleeding memiliki kemampuan penyembuhan luka yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan serum fase ovulasi. Kebijakan untuk tidak melakukan pembedahan elektif selama fase bleeding, selain terkait dengan gangguan pembekuan darah juga terkait dengan proses penyembuhan luka.Kata Kunci:Â  menstruasi, estradiol, ovulasi, proliferasi fibroblas, deposisi kolagen, penyembuhan luka
Perbandingan Kadar Kortisol Dalam Serum Pasien Psoriasis Vulgaris Dengan Bukan Pasien Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Putri Dewi Utami , Effendy Elmeida , Roesyanto Irma
Published: May 2019

Psoriasis adalah suatu penyakit kulit kronis yang secara klasik ditandai oleh daerah kulit memerah dan menebal, ditutupi skuama keperakan. Etiopatogenesisnya kompleks, melibatkan faktor genetik, imunologik dan lingkungan. Kemungkinan adanya kontribusi neuroendokrin pada patogenesis psoriasis cukup menarik perhatian. Kortisol merupakan salah satu profil neuroendokrin yang berinteraksi dengan banyak jalur dalam mencetuskan psoriasis, antara lain regulasi kompartemen epidermis, modulasi respons imun, dan stres.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar kortisol dalam serum antara pasien psoriasis vulgaris dengan bukan pasien psoriasis vulgaris, menggunakan rancangan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan sejak bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2016 di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Kadar kortisol dalam serum subyek diperiksa dengan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Digunakan uji T-independen untuk menilai perbandingan kadar kortisol dalam serum antara kedua kelompok.Selama 5 bulan penelitian didapatkan 40 subyek penelitian yang terdiri atas 20 pasien psoriasis vulgaris dan 20 bukan pasien psoriasis vulgaris. Ditemukan kadar rerata kortisol yang lebih rendah dalam serum pasien psoriasis vulgaris (7,185 ï‚± 5,04 ï­g/dL) dibandingkan dengan bukan pasien psoriasis vulgaris (10,390 ï‚± 3,74 ï­g/dL) yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05).Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik pada nilai rerata kadar kortisol dalam serum antara pasien psoriasis vulgaris dengan bukan pasien psoriasis vulgaris.
Penggunaan Pentoksifilin Pada Reaksi Eritema Nodosum Leprosum Berat Dengan Lesi Vaskulonekrotik: Sebuah laporan kasus berbasis bukti
Authors: Natasha Joanne , Esti Prima Kartika , Komarasari Eka , Rohmah Baitur
Published: May 2019

Hingga tahun 2013, Indonesia berada di urutan ketiga dunia untuk penyakit kusta. Angka kejadian reaksi eritema nodosum leprosum (ENL) di RS Kusta Dr. Sitanala tahun 2015 adalah sebesar 17,22%. Reaksi ENL berat dapat disertai vaskulonekrotik.Laporan kasus ini bertujuan mengulas penggunaan pentoksifilin pada reaksi ENL serta melaporkan penggunaannya pada kasus ENL berat dengan lesi vaskulonekrotik pada pasien kusta lelaki, 29 tahun, dengan gizi kurang dan pengobatan tidak adekuat di RSK Dr. Sitanala. Penelusuran kepustakaan secara online menggunakan database elektronik, dan kata kunci erythema nodosum leprosum and pentoxifylline. Empat artikel terpilih ditelaah untuk menentukan apakah sahih dan dapat diterapkan pada pasien.Pentoksifilin memiliki efektivitas tidak hanya pada perbaikan klinis namun juga penurunan kadar TNF-Î± yang merupakan mediator inflamasi utama reaksi ENL. Pada reaksi ENL berat dengan vaskulonekrotik, efektivitas talidomid lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan pentoksifilin, namun pentoksifilin dapat menjadi obat alternatif yang baik dengan angka perbaikan hampir sama.Kata kunci: Eritema nodosum leprosum (ENL), pentoksifilin, kusta , vaskulonekrotik
Penyakit Familial Asymmetrical Dowling Degos Dengan Terapi Kombinasi Laser dan Bedah Kimiawi Superfisial
Authors: Oematan Herjuni , Suryawati Nyoman , Praharsini IGAA , Saputra Herman
Published: May 2019

Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) merupakan penyakit genodermatosis jinak yang jarang terjadi, ditandai oleh pigmentasi berupa makula berwarna hitam kecoklatan dengan pola retikuler. Pengobatan penyakit ini biasanya sulit dan sering mengecewakan.Seorang laki-laki, 18 tahun dengan keluhan timbul bercak hitam kecoklatan di bagian fleksural lengan kanan atas dan punggung yang terletak pada sisi kanan tubuh dengan awitan penyakit saat dewasa muda dan didapatkan riwayat keluarga dengan keluhan yang sama. Secara klinis pada bagian fleksural lengan kanan atas dan ketiak kanan didapatkan makula hiperpigmentasi multipel, batas tegas, bentuk bulat, yang konfluen membentuk bercak geografis, dan di sekitarnya tampak papul hiperpigmentasi membentuk pola retikuler. Pada sisi kanan punggung didapatkan papul hiperkeratotik folikuler comedo-like. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologis mendukung diagnosis familial asymmetrical Dowling Degos disease. Pasien diterapi dengan formula Kligman, laser Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm, dan peeling kimiawi superfisial. Prognosis kasus ini adalah dubia karena meskipun ukuran lesi berkurang namun lesi baru tetap muncul secara bertahap.Kata kunci: Dowling-Degos disease, laser, peeling kimiawi
Kelainan Mukokutan dan Infeksi Menular Seksual Pada Pasien HIV-AIDS di RSUP Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou, Manado
Authors: Niode Nurdjannah Jane , Sondakh Reymond , Sengkey Triomega , Nugroho Agung
Published: May 2019

Infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) menyebabkan penurunan jumlah sel T CD4, sehingga terjadi defisiensi imunitas selular. Selain itu dapat menimbulkan berbagai gangguan termasuk kelainan mukokutan berupa penyakit infeksi dan non-infeksi serta proses neoplastik baik bentuk atipikal maupun tipikal yang berat dan rekalsitrans terhadap terapi.Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap berbagai kelainan mukokutan dan infeksi menular seksual (IMS) pada pasien HIV-AIDS baru di RSUP Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou, Manado mulai tahun 2014 hingga 2016. Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif. Semua kasus pasien HIV-AIDS dengan kelainan mukokutan dan IMS dicatat berdasar rekam medik.Dalam kurun waktu tersebut terdapat 284 kasus HIV dengan kelainan mukokutan dan IMS. Perbandingan laki-laki dan perempuan 2,6:1, terbanyak pada kelompok usia 25-44 tahun (61,62%) dan belum menikah (53,87%). Transmisi HIV terbanyak melalui hubungan seks heteroseksual (83,10%). Sekitar 54,58% subyek telah mendapat terapi antiretrovirus (ARV). Data hitung CD4 hanya terdapat pada 59,86% subyek dengan rentang antara 3 sampai dengan 649 sel/mm3. Kelainan terbanyak berupa kandidiasis oral (90,85%). Kebanyakan subyek dengan kelainan mukokutan dan IMS (73,53%) dengan hitung CD4 <200 sel/mm3.
FUNGSI BARIER KULIT PADA PASIEN MELASMA
Authors: Syamsinar Syamsinar , Kusumaningrum Niken , Febriana Sri Awalia , Winarni Dwi Retno Adi
Published: May 2019

Keratinocyte derived factor dianggap berperan dalam menstimulasi proses pigmentasi pada melasma sebagai respons terhadap adanya gangguan barier kulit akibat paparan radiasi ultraviolet. Penelitian ini ber- tujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan fungsi barier antara kulit lesi dengan kulit normal perilesi dan korelasi antara fungsi barier kulit lesi dengan skor Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) pada pasien melasma.Â Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan potong lintang. Pengu- kuran transepidermal water loss (TEWL), kadar sebum, hidrasi dan pH kulit dilakukan pada 32 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria. Perbedaan fungsi barier antara kulit lesi dengan kulit normal perilesi dianalisis dengan uji-t berpasangan, kecuali kadar sebum menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Korelasi antara fungsi barier kulit lesi dengan skor MASI dianalisis dengan korelasi Pearson, kecuali kadar sebum menggunakan korelasi Spearman.Â Hasil penelitian ini berupa nilai TEWL, kadar sebum, dan pH kulit menunjukkan perbedaan yang ber- makna (p<0,05). Sebaliknya dengan hidrasi kulit tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kulit lesi dibandingkan kulit normal perilesi (p>0,05). Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara fungsi barier kulit baik berdasarkan nilai TEWL, kadar sebum, hidrasi maupun pH kulit dengan skor MASI (p>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan fungsi barier berdasarkan nilai TEWL, kadar sebum, dan pH kulit, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan fungsi barier berdasarkan hidrasi kulit antara kulit lesi dengan kulit normal perilesi pada pasien melasma. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara fungsi barier kulit lesi dengan skor MASI pada pasien melasma.Â
Eksisi Luas Dengan Subcutaneus Bipedicle Island Flap Pada Karsinoma Sel Basal Tipe Nodulo Ulserasi Dengan Anestesi Umum Dan Anestesi Lokal Tumescent
Authors: Lestari Sri , Yenny Satya Wydya , Akhyar Gardenia , Kampar Puridelko , Ppaf Tri , L Field , - Holmes -
Published: May 2019

Karsinoma sel basal (KSB/basalioma) adalah kanker kulit paling umum dan bersifat invasif lokal. Insiden mencapai 39%. Pajanan sinar UV adalah faktor risiko paling umum, banyak mengenai kepala dan leher, menimbulkan beban psikologis. Manajemen penatalaksanaan sangat penting, dipengaruhi berbagai faktor (usia, komorbiditas, sub-tipe, lokasi). Penatalaksanaan KSB di wajah dapat berbeda (alasan kosmetik). Subcutaneus bipedicle island flap merupakan salah satu design rekonstruksi defek setelah eksisi luas di wajah.Dilaporkan satu kasus KSB,laki-laki,41 tahun. Anamnesis: riwayat tahi lalat mudah berdarah sejak 12 tahun yang lalu, sering terpajan sinar matahari. Pasien mengobatinya namun keluhan tidak sembuh. Pemeriksaan fisik, status dermatologikus: tumor3cmx3cmx0,5cm di pipi kanan, dasar jaringan nekrotik dan eksudat kemerahan, tepi tidak rata, dinding meninggi, jaringan sekitar makula eritem,papul-papul teleangiektasis di pinggir(+),Â  tidakÂ  melekat pada jaringan dibawahnya, perabaan keras seperti kawat (pinggir tumor). Diagnosis kerja KSB. Hasil histopatologi KSB tipe nodular. Telah dilakukan eksisi KSB yang besar dengan subcutaneus bipedicle island flap di pipi kanan. Dua bulan post operasi memberikan hasil baik. Tidak terdapat defek palpebra inferior.Kata kunci: karsinoma sel basal, tumescent solution, subcutaneus bipedicle island flap
Pemberian Suplementasi Probiotik Pada Kehamilan Untuk Pencegahan Dermatitis Atopik Pada Anak
Authors: Octavia Nadia , Wiradarma Karin , Inderawati Dyan Mega , Nasser M
Published: May 2019

DermatitisÂ  atopik adalah penyakit inflamasi kronis dengan prevalensi tinggi pada anak yang terus meningkat di seluruh dunia. Dermatitis atopik merupakan penyakit multifaktor yang mencakup faktor genetik, pajanan infeksi, pajanan makanan, alergen dan lingkungan. Pruritus berulang yang dialami oleh pasien dermatitis atopik dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup dan dapat menjadi masalah yang serius. Hingga saat ini steroid masih menjadi terapi utama bagi pasien dermatitis atopik, baik pada anak maupun dewasa. Namun mengingat banyaknya efek samping yang ditimbulkan akibat pemberian steroid jangka panjang, alternatif terapi lain terus dicari. Peningkatan insidens dermatitis atopik yang bermakna secara global telah mengubah fokus riset para peneliti dalam pencegahan dan penanganan dermatitis atopik. Salah satu upaya pencegahan dermatitis atopik pada anak yang dianggap menjanjikan adalah pemberian suplementasi probiotik pada masa kehamilan. Beberapa penelitian memberikan hasil yang positif dalam menurunkan risiko dermatitis atopik melalui pemberian suplementasi probiotik saat hamil. Namun berbagai faktor, misalnya jenis probiotik yang digunakan, waktu pemberian, durasi pajanan probiotik dan dosis pemberian juga penting untuk diteliti lebih lanjut. Â Kata kunci: probiotik, dermatitis atopik, pencegahan, alergi
Eritroderma yang Disebabkan Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL)
Authors: Purwanto Hari , Febriana Sri Awalia , Etnawati Kristiana
Published: May 2019

Eitoderma merupakan peradangan kulit yang mengenai 90% atau lebih permukaan kulit. Limfoma selT kulit (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma atau CTCL) merupakan salah satu penyebab eritroderma. Prognosis penyakitini buruk, karena rerata pasien hanya mampu bertahan 2 tahun, oleh karena itu diagnosis eritrodermakarena CTCL menjadi sangat penting.Seorang lelaki usia 65 tahun datang dengan keluhan utama muncul kulit merah dan mengelupas padahampir seluruh tubuh sejak 1 bulan sebelum periksa ke rumah sakit. Satu minggu sebelumnya, pasien mengeluhkulit merah dan mengelupas, terasa gatal, badan terasa panas, rambut rontok, kuku menjadi tebal dankekuningan, demam hingga menggigil. Didapatkan limfadenopati di daerah inguinalis dekstra. Status dermatologispada hampir seluruh tubuh tampak bercak eritematosa dengan deskuamasi berwarna putih di atasnya,multipel dan tersebar. Pada pemeriksaan darah rutin didapatkan sel Sezary. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologismenunjukkan sebukan band like sel limfosit atipik di dermis. Selain itu didapatkan juga mikroabses Pautrier.Pengecatan imunohistokimia CD3+ dan CD4+ menunjukkan hasil positif. Lesi membaik dengan terapi injeksimetilprednisolon intravena 62,5 mg/hari selama 7 hari.Penyebab eritroderma pada kasus ini adalah CTCL yang ditegakkan dengan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisisdan penunjang terutama darah lengkap dan pemeriksaan histopatologis.Kata kunci: eritroderma, CTCL