bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Неравенства между наилучшими полиномиальными приближениями и некоторыми характеристиками гладкости в пространстве $L_2$ и поперечники классов функций
Authors: Vakarchuk Sergey Borisovich , Zabutnaya Valentina Ivanovna
Published: January 2016

Найдены точные константы в неравенствах типа Джексона
для характеристик гладкости $\Lambda_k(f)$, $k\in \mathbb{N}$,
определенных при помощи усреднения конечных разностей $k$-го порядка
функций $f \in L_2$. На основании этого для дифференцируемых функций
из классов $L^r_2$, $r\in \mathbb{N}$, получены уточнения констант
в неравенствах Джексона, содержащих модуль непрерывности
$k$-го порядка $\omega_k$. Для классов функций,
определенных при помощи характеристик гладкости $\Lambda_k(f)$
и мажорант $\Phi$, удовлетворяющих ряду условий,
вычислены точные значения некоторых $n$-поперечников.
Библиография: 25 названий.
О сюръективных квадратичных отображениях
Authors: Arutyunov Aram Vladimirovich , Zhukovskiy Sergey Evgenevich
Published: January 2016

В работе исследуются квадратичные отображения, которые действуют
из одного конечномерного пространства в другое. Получены
достаточные условия того, что сюръективное квадратичное
отображение будет устойчиво сюръективным, т.е. любое достаточно
близкое к нему квадратичное отображение также сюръективно.
Исследована задача существования у сюръективного квадратичного
отображения, действующего из $\mathbb{R}^n$ в $\mathbb{R}^n$,
нетривиальных нулей. Для $n=3$ доказано их отсутствие.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Online evaluation in Mathematics courses with iTest: assessment of students learning from pre-school through college
Authors: Joglar Nuria , Martín Diego , Colmenar José Manuel
Published: January 2016

iTest es una herramienta de evaluación online diseñada y desarrollada por el grupo de investigación HEOL (Herramientas de Evaluación On Line) compuesto por profesores de la Escuela en Ingeniería Técnica en Informática de Sistemas del CES Felipe II de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y por profesores de la Facultad de Informática de la citada universidad. En este artículo, se describen y analizan los resultados de las pruebas más relevantes preparadas y llevadas a cabo por miembros de este grupo en diversas aulas de matemáticas.  Las pruebas no solamente se han realizado con estudiantes universitarios, también han participado alumnos y profesores de distintas escuelas de educación infantil y primaria, así como de institutos de educación secundaria de la localidad de Aranjuez (Madrid).  Para poder realizar este proyecto con éxito, se han impartido seminarios de formación de profesores a través del Centro de Formación de Profesores de Aranjuez.
Modelizacion para formar ciudadanos
Authors: Alsina Català Claudi
Published: January 2016

El presente trabajo focaliza la atención en el importante papel que el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, por medio de la modelización y las aplicaciones, puede jugar en la educación de los futuros ciudadanos, como tales. Se discute la necesidad de cambios y como introducir nuevos contenidos y competencias para la vida en el siglo XXI.
Una propuesta de modelización en secundaria: problemas de estimación de magnitudes no alcanzables
Authors: Albarracín Lluís , Gorgorió Núria
Published: January 2016

En este artículo presentamos los Problemas de Estimación de Magnitudes No Alcanzables como una oportunidad para introducir la modelización matemática en las aulas de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Establecemos los conceptos de Magnitud No Alcanzable y de los problemas centrados en su estimación. A continuación, presentamos un estudio realizado con alumnos de secundaria con el objetivo de observar la presencia de procesos de modelización en las propuestas de resolución que plantean los alumnos para este tipo de problemas. A partir de los datos obtenidos se deduce que los alumnos pueden utilizar procesos de modelización en su resolución.
Modelizando el cálculo de varias variablEEES en el aula
Authors: Aragón-Ángel A. , Cubarsí R.
Published: January 2016

La implantación de la modelización matemática en el ámbito del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) necesita de una revisión y adaptación de los contenidos y estrategias para abordar las asignaturas, en particular, aquellas más teóricas y abstractas, para fomentar su carácter interdisciplinario. Se presenta una nueva propuesta metodológica para la asignatura de Análisis Vectorial (calculo multivariable) ofertada durante los últimos años por l’Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria de Telecomunicacions de Barcelona (ETSETB) de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). Es una de las asignaturas de la fase selectiva de dicha titulación, con 4.5 créditos de teoría y 3 de prácticas (repartidos entre problemas y laboratorios).
Simulación de esfuerzos en pórticos
Authors: Giménez Fernando , Lapuebla-Ferri Andrés , Jiménez Antonio José , Monsoriu Juan A.
Published: January 2016

Los laboratorios virtuales constituyen una herramienta de gran potencial para la transmisión del conocimiento científico. En el marco de las enseñanzas universitarias actuales, dichas herramientas adquieren una importancia capital dadas las posibilidades de autoaprendizaje que ofrecen a los estudiantes de los títulos técnicos de grado. En este marco, el presente trabajo describe un laboratorio virtual desarrollado con la interfaz gráfica de usuario (Gui) de MatlabQc , que permite obtener los diagramas de esfuerzos axiles, cortantes y flectores en estructuras aporticadas isostáticas planas, con las cargas contenidas en su propio plano.
Implementación de sistemas de control borroso en actividades académicas dirigidas en las Escuelas de Ingeniería
Authors: Pulido Calvo Inmaculada , Gutiérrez-Estrada Juan Carlos , Martí Pau , De la Rosa Ignacio
Published: January 2016

Como propuesta de trabajo práctico dirigido se ha planteado el diseño, desarrollo e implementación de un sistema experto que permite la simulación de modelos de lógica borrosa o difusa. Este sistema experto se ha utilizado en la resolución de un problema de ingeniería real,  la regulación automática de los caudales de entrada de agua en balsas de plantas de acuicultura semi-intensiva (esteros mejorados). El objetivo fundamental de esta regulación es controlar la calidad del agua en las balsas de producción. El desarrollo de esta actividad académica en los programas docentes de materias de algunos grados y másteres de Ingeniería ha mostrado la consecución por parte del alumno de: (a) objetivos referentes a la adquisición de conocimientos teóricos y prácticos; (b) objetivos referentes a capacidades o habilidades; y (c) objetivos referentes a actitudes.
Conhecimento fonológico e apropriação de róticos em inglês L2 por falantes nativos de português brasileiro
Authors: Silva Thais Cristófaro , Camargos Marco Aurélio
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2016v69n1p49

Este artigo discute a apropriação de róticos em inglês-L2 por falantes brasileiros. Os resultados obtidos indicam que esta categoria é rapidamente incorporada ao inglês-L2 de falantes brasileiros. Fatores como nível de proficiência, indivíduo (aprendiz) e item lexical têm impacto na apropriação da aproximante retroflexa. O fato da apropriação da aproximante retroflexa atingir rapidamente excelentes níveis em inglês-L2 de falantes brasileiros sugere que o ensino de pronúncia seja específico e não global. Baseado na perspectiva teórica dos Modelos Multirrepresentacionais argumenta-se que o conhecimento gramatical é um construto dinâmico, entrelaçado por vários fatores e que incorpora informações linguísticas e não linguísticas.
The Feasibility of a Customized, In-Home, Game-Based Stroke Exercise Program Using the Microsoft Kinect Sensor
Authors: Proffitt Rachel , Lange Belinda
Published: January 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of a 6-week, game-based, in-home telerehabilitation exercise program using the Microsoft Kinect® for individuals with chronic stroke. Four participants with chronic stroke completed the intervention based on games designed with the customized Mystic Isle software. The games were tailored to each participant’s specific rehabilitation needs to facilitate the attainment of individualized goals determined through the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Likert scale questionnaires assessed the feasibility and utility of the game-based intervention. Supplementary clinical outcome data were collected. All participants played the games with moderately high enjoyment. Participant feedback helped identify barriers to use (especially, limited free time) and possible improvements. An in-home, customized, virtual reality game intervention to provide rehabilitative exercises for persons with chronic stroke is practicable. However, future studies are necessary to determine the intervention’s impact on participant function, activity, and involvement.
Proyecto: Centro de investigación Científica de la Academia Nacional de Seguridad Pública (CINC-ANSP)
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: January 2016

Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 5(2) 2015: 469-481
An Analysis of Grades, Class Level and Faculty Evaluation Scores in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Waller Lee
Published: January 2016

This study examined the results of a student evaluation of faculty against the grades awarded and the level of the course for a higher education institution in the United Arab Emirates. The purpose of the study was to determine if the grades awarded in the course and/or level of the course impacted the evaluation scores awarded to the faculty member. The study utilized a 25-question student perception survey coupling course results with the overall course grade point average (GPA) and the course level. All courses were undergraduate. Descriptives for the responses were obtained prior to conducting a factor analysis for the purposes of dimension reduction. The analysis included 184 course pairings. The data set was examined to verify satisfaction of assumptions appropriate for factor analysis. Reliability analysis yielded a Chronbach’s alpha of 0.974. The factor analysis identified three underlying factors accounting for 80.07% of the variance. These three factors were identified as (1) overall perception of instruction, (2) the relationship of the grade and course level and (3) course management. Results of the study did not indicate that the grades given in a class nor the level of the course significantly affected the evaluations provided by the students. Grades and the level of the course were found to align. Student achievement in the course was also found to relate to the student’s perception of fair treatment by the faculty member.
A Critical Analysis on Pension Fund Performance: An Assessment in the Perspective of Political Economy of Accounting
Authors: Apriyanto Gaguk , Sukoharsono Eko Ganis , Irianto Gugus , Saraswati Erwin
Published: January 2016

This study aims to assess the performance of the Pension Fund based on the perspective of Political Economy of Accounting (PEA). This study is a multiple case study analysis, with three (3) study sites, Pension Fund A, B, and C.

The results showed that the financial performance of the Pension Fund A is excellent, but the hegemony and domination of the employer and the board of trustees is quite high, resulting in the detriment of the interests of pension fund in the form of delay to raise pension benefits. The financial performance of the Pension Fund B is good, yet hegemony and dominance of the employer and the board of trustees is quite high, resulting in the detriment of the interests of pension fund in the form of a decrease in the value of pension benefits. The financial performance of the Pension Fund C is not good, hegemony and domination of the employer and the board of trustees is high enough, which harms the interests of the pension fund in the form of increased pension benefits and transparency of fund management information. The situation illustrates that hegemony and domination has occurred by employers and administrators in the Pension Fund A, B, and C. The three pension funds have failed to provide justice and prosperity to the retired people.
Necessary is regulations to reduce the hegemony and domination of employers and board of trustees of pension funds, so that the distribution of power and wealth is more equitable.
Intention and Usage of Human Resource Information Systems among Ghanaian Human Resource Managers
Authors: Ankrah Ebenezer , Sokro Evans
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the intentions and usage of human resource information systems (HRIS) among Ghanaian HR managers and practitioners. In today’s global networking era, information technology has become an integral part of human resource management. This is because the increasing pressure to support strategic goals and the greater focus on shareholder value has led to changes in both job content and expectations of Human Resource professionals. Hence, the use of Human Resource Information System has been used by HR professionals to become strategic managers. Survey methodology was adopted to obtain data from HR managers and practitioners in Ghanaian companies. A net-targeted sample of 175 respondents produced 100 usable questionnaires for analysis. The study results revealed that information technology (IT) has assisted “organizations to deliver state-of-the art HR services, and reduced operational costs of companies, regardless of the size of the firm”. Advances in IT helps in resolving many of the challenges of HRM such as attracting, retaining, motivating employees, meeting the demands for a more strategic HR function, and managing the “human element” of technological change. Furthermore, effective HRIS has a direct positive influence on organizational performance.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance via the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction
Authors: Vratskikh Ivan , Masa'deh Ra'ed (Moh’dTaisir) , Al-Lozi Musa , Maqableh Mahmoud
Published: January 2016

Recent research findings are accumulating evidence that Emotional Intelligence (EI) is associated positively with important work manners. However, the research on Emotional Intelligence is mainly conducted in business field and in western countries; therefore there is a shortage of research on Emotional Intelligence in the context of public sector in Jordan. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of Emotional Intelligence on job performance and job satisfaction as well as the mediating role of job satisfaction on job performance among the administrative employees of the University of Jordan. The present study is based on Mayer and Salovey’s (2000) ability model of Emotional Intelligence. A sample consisted of 354 employees from the University of Jordan who completed self-report questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in order to test the proposed hypotheses. The research found that Emotional Intelligence is positively correlated with job performance and job satisfaction. The findings of this study also confirm the mediatory role of job satisfaction in relationship between Emotional Intelligence and job performance. It is suggested that Emotional Intelligence can be used to predict job performance and job satisfaction, therefore the understanding of Emotional Intelligence theory and its applications can be promoted for managerial and human resource practices throughout public sector organizations.
Investigating Fiscal Dominance in Nigeria
Authors: Sanusi Kazeem Abimbola , Akinlo Anthony Enisan
Published: January 2016

This paper investigates the presence or otherwise of fiscal dominance in Nigeria during the period of 1986-2013 using structural VAR analysis. Annual secondary data were used for the study. Data on fiscal deficits and monetary base were obtained from the publication of Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The results show that shock to fiscal deficits of government does not stimulate response from the growth of monetary base. In addition, the results show that there exists no causality running from fiscal deficits to growth of monetary base in Nigeria. The study concludes that there is no evidence of fiscal dominance in Nigeria during the study period.
What Is Intercultural Sustainability? A First Exploration of Linkages Between Culture and Sustainability in Intercultural Research
Authors: Busch Dominic
Published: January 2016

The sustainability of intercultural relations recently again has been identified as a central, but still neglected responsibility for intercultural research (e.g. Alexander et al., 2014a; Alexander et al., 2014b). This article identifies three different notions of sustainability related to culture in contemporary intercultural research: Egocentric uses focus on one single culture or organization. Utilitarian understandings argue that a sustainable care for intercultural relations may serve other sustainability goals. Allocentric notions ask for a global and equal dialogue on the concept. Complementing the authors above, this article argues for a stronger reflection and analysis of notions of sustainability in intercultural research.
Hepatitis C Virus Genotype Distribution in Kermanshah Province, Western Iran
Authors: Hatami-Moghadam Reza , Alibakhshi Reza , Sayyad Babak
Published: January 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;" lang="EN-US">Six major hepatitis C virus genotypes have been characterized, which vary in their geographical distribution. Knowledge of the distribution of various genotypes is essential for successful future research, treatment and control strategies. In this study, the distribution of HCV genotypes and their association with possible risk factors in a group of HCV infected patients from Kermanshah province of Iran was investigated. HCV viral load test by Real time- PCR method was used for diagnosis of infected cases. The genotypes of cases were revealed using Nested- and Multiplex-PCR and with direct sequencing results were confirmed. Risk factors were also recorded and a multivariate analysis was performed. Among 180 infected people, 138 (76.6%) with 3a genotype, 35 (19.4%) with 1a genotype, 3 (1.7%) with 1b genotype and 4 (2.2%) with 3a and 1b were determined. HCV was transmitted by different routes such as intravenous drug abuse (IVDA), tattooing, sexual, blood transfusion and other risk factors. IVDA and sex are the main risk factors in the men and women, respectively. However, 3a is the predominant genotype in the all groups. This study revealed that 3a is the most prevalent genotypes in Kermanshah province.
Assessment Criterion of Rigidity of Comb Electrodes Fingers of Microelectromechanical Converters
Authors: Konoplev Boris , Lysenko Igor , Ezhova Olga
Published: January 2016

The assessment criterion of rigidity of comb electrodes fingers of the microelectromechanical converters is developed. The assessment criterion allows to estimate the maximum electrodes fingers length to decrease approach probability of snap-down effect. The modeling results have been analyzed. The estimations of the maximum length of electrodes fingers are obtained. The estimates depend on length of electrodes fingers overlapping and applied voltage. The dependences of the maximum length of comb electrodes fingers on length of their overlapping and applied voltage are showed. Since all of the electromechanical converters are reversible, i.e. the converters can work as electrostatic actuators, as well as capacitive displacement transducers. If certain conditions occurs, the capacitive displacement transducers will start to work like electrostatic actuators. The criteria allowed to define these invertibility condition can be obtained from the equilibrium equations of sensitive elements of micromechanical devices. The proposed assessment criterion of the maximum length of combs electrodes fingers can be used to design micromechanical devices.
Harness Conscious Capitalism to Manage a Sustainable Water Utility
Authors: Bingaman Larry
Published: January 2016

How does your water utility view the service it provides? Does it view the service as a commodity, a right, or simply a public service? At the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority (RWA) in New Haven, Conn., we've started to examine our daily work through a more dynamic lens. We recognize the life force of our community flows through our infrastructure, and we're committed to preserving and turning this resource into a source of greater opportunity for our community. This is RWA's higher purpose.
Epigenetic regulation of hematopoiesis by DNA methylation
Authors: Gore Aniket V , Athans Brett , Iben James R , Johnson Kristin , Russanova Valya , Castranova Daniel , Pham Van N , Butler Matthew G , Williams-Simons Lisa , Nichols James T , Bresciani Erica , Feldman Bejamin , Kimmel Charles B , Liu Paul P , Weinstein Brant M
Published: January 2016

During embryonic development, cell type-specific transcription factors promote cell identities, while epigenetic modifications are thought to contribute to maintain these cell fates. Our understanding of how genetic and epigenetic modes of regulation work together to establish and maintain cellular identity is still limited, however. Here, we show that DNA methyltransferase 3bb.1 (dnmt3bb.1) is essential for maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate as part of an early Notch-runx1-cmyb HSPC specification pathway in the zebrafish. Dnmt3bb.1 is expressed in HSPC downstream from Notch1 and runx1, and loss of Dnmt3bb.1 activity leads to reduced cmyb locus methylation, reduced cmyb expression, and gradual reduction in HSPCs. Ectopic overexpression of dnmt3bb.1 in non-hematopoietic cells is sufficient to methylate the cmyb locus, promote cmyb expression, and promote hematopoietic development. Our results reveal an epigenetic mechanism supporting the maintenance of hematopoietic cell fate via DNA methylation-mediated perdurance of a key transcription factor in HSPCs.
Anomalous restoration of graphitic layers from graphene oxide in ethanol environment at ultrahigh temperature using solar furnace
Authors: Ishida Takashi , Miyata Yuichiro , Shinoda Yoshihiko , Kobayashi Yoshihiro
Published: January 2016

The restoration of graphitic structures from defective graphene oxide was examined in a reactive ethanol environment at ultrahigh temperatures. Structural analysis by Raman spectroscopy indicates that turbostratic structures as well as high crystallinity in multilayer graphene were accomplished by an ultrahigh-temperature process in an ethanol environment. This phenomenon is quite anomalous since it is in striking contrast to the results observed in inert environments, where graphitization proceeds significantly to form a Bernal stacking multilayer graphene. The suppression of graphitization in ethanol environments is probably caused by the simultaneous supply of carbon and etching species during the restoration process.
Effects of microwave and oxygen plasma treatments on capacitive characteristics of supercapacitor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Dulyaseree Paweena , Yordsri Visittapong , Wongwiriyapan Winadda
Published: January 2016

The effects of microwave and oxygen plasma treatments on the capacitive characteristics of a supercapacitor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were investigated. MWNTs were heat-treated under air ambient at 500 °C for 1 h, and subsequently microwave-treated at 650 W for 70 s (m-MWNTs). Another batch of MWNTs was treated by oxygen plasma for 30 min (p-MWNTs). Pristine MWNTs, m-MWNTs, and p-MWNTs were separately used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Their cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results were analyzed. The p-MWNTs show the best performance with a specific capacitance of 238.23 F·g−1. The capacitance improvement is attributed to the increase in the number of oxygen-containing functional groups, as evidenced by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurement. These results suggest that oxygen plasma treatment is a rapid and efficient method for oxygen functionalization.
Fabrication of lead halide perovskite solar cells by annealing spin-coated PbI2 thin films in CH3NH3I vapor
Authors: Ebe Hinako , Araki Hideaki
Published: January 2016

Lead halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) solar cells possess numerous useful properties, such as appropriate direct bandgaps and high absorption coefficients, and these cells have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent photovoltaic performance and low cost. In this study, perovskite layers intended for use as light-absorbing materials were fabricated by annealing spin-coated PbI2 thin-films in CH3NH3I vapor while assessing the effects of varying the annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that perovskite began to form at temperatures above 140 °C, with the PbI2 peak completely disappearing above 160 °C. In addition, scanning electron microscopy observations confirmed that the grain size increased with increasing annealing temperature. Solar cells fabricated using perovskite thin-films grown at 140–150 °C for 4 h exhibited a power conversion efficiency of more than 4%.
Influence of isoflurane on the diastolic pressure-flow relationship and critical occlusion pressure during arterial CABG surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hinz José , Mansur Ashham , Hanekop Gerd G. , Weyland Andreas , Popov Aron F. , Schmitto Jan D. , Grüne Frank F. G. , Bauer Martin , Kazmaier Stephan
Published: January 2016

The effects of isoflurane on the determinants of blood flow during Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery are not completely understood. This study characterized the influence of isoflurane on the diastolic Pressure-Flow (P-F) relationship and Critical Occlusion Pressure (COP) during CABG surgery. Twenty patients undergoing CABG surgery were studied. Patients were assigned to an isoflurane or control group. Hemodynamic and flow measurements during CABG surgery were performed twice (15 minutes after the discontinuation of extracorporeal circulation (T15) and again 15 minutes later (T30)). The zero flow pressure intercept (a measure of COP) was extrapolated from a linear regression analysis of the instantaneous diastolic P-F relationship. In the isoflurane group, the application of isoflurane significantly increased the slope of the diastolic P-F relationship by 215% indicating a mean reduction of Coronary Vascular Resistance (CVR) by 46%. Simultaneously, the Mean Diastolic Aortic Pressure (MDAP) decreased by 19% mainly due to a decrease in the systemic vascular resistance index by 21%. The COP, cardiac index, heart rate, Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP) and Coronary Sinus Pressure (CSP) did not change significantly. In the control group, the parameters remained unchanged. In both groups, COP significantly exceeded the CSP and LVEDP at both time points. We conclude that short-term application of isoflurane at a sedative concentration markedly increases the slope of the instantaneous diastolic P-F relationship during CABG surgery implying a distinct decrease with CVR in patients undergoing CABG surgery.
A comparison of atmospheric effects on differential phase for a two‐element antenna array and nearby site test interferometer
Authors: Morabito David D. , D'Addario Larry , Finley Susan
Published: January 2016

Phased arrays of reflector antennas can be used to obtain effective area and gain that are much larger than is practical with a single antenna. This technique is routinely used by NASA for receiving weak signals from deep space. Phase alignment of the signals can be disrupted by turbulence in the troposphere, which causes fluctuations in the differences of signal delays among the antennas. At the Deep Space Network stations, site test interferometers (STIs) are being used for long‐term monitoring of these delay fluctuations using signals from geostationary satellites. In this paper, we compare the STI measurements with the phase variations seen by a nearby two‐element array of 34 m diameter antennas tracking 8.4 GHz and 32 GHz signals from the Cassini spacecraft in orbit around Saturn. It is shown that the statistics of the STI delay fluctuations, after appropriate scaling for differences in antenna separation and elevation angle and conversion to phase at the spacecraft frequencies, provide reliable estimates of the phase fluctuations seen by the large antennas on the deep space signal. Techniques for adaptive compensation of the phase fluctuations are available when receiving a sufficiently strong signal, but compensation is often impractical or impossible when using the array for transmitting. These results help to validate the use of long‐term STI data for assessing the feasibility of large transmitting arrays at various sites.
Möbius Aromatic Core‐Modified Heterocyclic [20] Macrocycles (4.1.1) with a Protruding N‐Methyl Pyrrole Ring
Authors: Mallick Abhijit , Rath Harapriya
Published: January 2016

Herein, we report the first synthesis of an unorthodox tripyrrane moiety from the regioselective β‐benzoylation of pyrrole and the acid‐catalyzed condensation of the desired precursors. A [3+1] Mac Donald type condensation strategy for this tripyrrane has led to the exclusive isolation of two hitherto‐unknown aromatic [20] heterocyclic macrocycles (4.1.1).
Toxicokinetics of new psychoactive substances: plasma protein binding, metabolic stability, and human phase I metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212‐2 studied using in vitro tools and LC‐HR‐MS/MS
Authors: Mardal Marie , Gracia‐Lor Emma , Leibnitz Svenja , Castiglioni Sara , Meyer Markus R.
Published: January 2016

The new psychoactive substance WIN 55,212‐2 ((R)‐(+)‐[2,3‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐3‐(4‐morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo‐[1,2,3‐de]‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐6‐yl]‐1‐napthalenylmethanone) is a potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist. The metabolism of WIN 55,212‐2 in man has never been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the human in vitro metabolites of WIN 55,212‐2 using pooled human liver microsomes and liquid chromatography‐high resolution‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐HR‐MS/MS) to provide targets for toxicological, doping, and environmental screening procedures. Moreover, a metabolic stability study in pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) was carried out. In total, 19 metabolites were identified and the following partly overlapping metabolic steps were deduced: degradation of the morpholine ring via hydroxylation, N‐ and O‐dealkylation, and oxidative deamination, hydroxylations on either the naphthalene or morpholine ring or the alkyl spacer with subsequent oxidation, epoxide formation with subsequent hydrolysis, or combinations. In conclusion, WIN 55,212‐2 was extensively metabolized in human liver microsomes incubations and the calculated hepatic clearance was comparably high, indicating a fast and nearly complete metabolism in vivo. This is in line with previous findings on other synthetic cannabinoids. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test purchase, synthesis and characterization of 3‐fluorophenmetrazine (3‐FPM) and differentiation from its ortho‐ and para‐substituted isomers
Authors: McLaughlin Gavin , Morris Noreen , Kavanagh Pierce V. , Dowling Geraldine , Power John D. , Twamley Brendan , O'Brien John , Talbot Brian , Sitte Harald H. , Brandt Simon D.
Published: January 2016

The knowledge captured in patent and scientific research literature stimulates new ideas and fosters new drug development efforts. Manufacturers and entrepreneurs dedicated to the sale of ‘research chemicals’ and/or new psychoactive substances (NPS) also make use of access to information to identify, prepare, and launch a range of new substances. One of the most recent compounds to appear on the NPS market is the phenmetrazine analog 3‐fluorophenmetrazine (3‐FPM) which represents one of many phenylmorpholines designed to explore treatment options in areas such as obesity and drug dependence. The anorectic drug analogs phenmetrazine and phendimetrazine, used as prescription medicines before they were withdrawn, feature amphetamine‐like properties associated with monoamine release. Available data on 3‐FPM suggest that the effects might show mechanistic overlaps. This study describes the synthesis and extensive analytical characterization of 3‐FPM and its differentiation from synthesized ortho‐ and para‐ substituted isomers, 2‐FPM and 4‐FPM, respectively. This study was triggered by the purchase of five powdered samples advertised as 3‐FPM by five different Internet vendors based in the United Kingdom. The analytical data obtained for the vendor samples were consistent with the synthesized 3‐FPM standard and differentiation between all three isomers was possible. The presence of positional isomers and the absence of suitable reference material can cause difficulties in the day‐to‐day operation of forensic work and given the rate at which many of the newly emerging NPS appear on the market, a comprehensive approach is needed when attempting to decipher the identity of NPS arriving onto the drug market. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure‐activity relationship for peptídic growth hormone secretagogues
Authors: Ferro P. , Krotov G. , Zvereva I. , Rodchenkov G. , Segura J.
Published: January 2016

Growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRPs) could be widely used by cheating athletes because they produce growth hormone (GH) secretion, so may generate an ergogenic effect in the body. Knowledge of the essential amino acids needed in GHRP structure for interaction with the target biological receptor GHSR1a, the absorption through different administration routes, and the maintenance of pharmacological activity of potential biotransformation products may help in the fight against their abuse in sport. Several GHRPs and truncated analogues with the common core Ala‐Trp‐(D‐Phe)‐Lys have been studied with a radio‐competitive assay for the GHSR1a receptor against the radioactive natural ligand ghrelin. Relevant chemical modifications influencing the activity for positions 1, 2, 3, and 7 based on the structure aa‐aa‐aa‐Ala‐Trp‐(D‐Phe)‐Lys have been obtained. To test in vivo the applicability of the activities observed, the receptor assay activity in samples from excretion studies performed after nasal administration of GHRP‐1, GHRP‐2, GHRP‐6, Hexarelin, and Ipamorelin was confirmed. Overall results obtained allow to infer structure‐activity information for those GHRPs and to detect GHSR1a binding (intact GHRPs plus active metabolites) in excreted urines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Periodic Walk through a Series of First‐Row, Oxido‐Bridged, Heterodimetallic Molecules: Synthesis and Structure
Authors: Goggins Eric M. , Lekich Travis T. , Weare Walter W. , Sommer Roger D. , Ribeiro Marcos A. , Pinheiro Carlos B.
Published: January 2016

A series of heterodimetallic molecules, centered around an LTi=O→M2+L′ (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) core, are described. Each of these complexes are structurally similar, with L = tmtaa and L′ = Py5Me2. The Ti=O→M linkage is slightly bent, varying from 157° (Mn) to 170° (Zn), with bond lengths typical of a dative bond between the Ti=O group and the M2+ center. The relative strength of the heterodimetallic linkage is correlated with the Lewis acidity of the M2+ precursor, with Mn2+ showing the strongest interaction and Ni2+ the weakest. By varying the metal identity the electrochemical properties of the molecules can be tuned, along with the M3+/2+ redox couple. This series of complexes provide a platform for studying structure/function relationships in heterodimetallic molecules linked through a single atom. For instance, spectroscopic features such as IR stretching frequencies can be roughly correlated with structural features such as bond lengths and angles.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (Sulfonimidoyl)cyclopropanes with (R)‐PhSO(NTs)CH2Cl and α,β‐Unsaturated Weinreb Amides: Tuning the of Selectivity between C–Cl and C–S Bond Cleavage
Authors: Shen Xiao , Liu Qinghe , Zhang Wei , Hu Jinbo
Published: January 2016

(Sulfonimidoyl)cyclopropanes have become the subject of special interest since they combine the advantages of two chemical leads (cyclopropane and sulfoximine). However, their synthesis is limited, and the stereoselective synthesis of optically enriched (sulfonimidoyl)cyclopropanes still remains an unsolved task. Here we report the first stereoselective (sulfonimidoyl)cyclopropanation reaction using α,β‐unsaturated Weinreb amides and (R)‐PhSO(NTs)CH2Cl [(R)‐1]. This reaction possesses a broad substrate scope, and the products can be easily transformed into other useful cyclopropyl‐containing and/or sulfonimidoyl‐containing compounds. The Weinreb amide group and the counter cation of the base were found to be important for the selective C–Cl bond cleavage.
Don'tForget …
Authors: Güntürkün Onur
Published: January 2016

In everyday life we are continually confronted with situations where previously learned information is no longer valid — a phenomenon that psychologists refer to as “extinction learning”. Researchers are seeking to understand the associated mechanisms at behavioural, neural and clinical level, using pigeons and humans as models. In the long term this research could help us to develop better treatments for phobia patients.
High Energy Density
Authors: Unterstell Rembert
Published: January 2016

Volker Presser, a Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz awardee, researches and develops functional nanomaterials for electrochemical applications to make energy storage more efficient and sustainable.
Excellence Initiative: We Take it Literally
Authors: Strohschneider Peter
Published: January 2016

As we await decisions on a new federal/state initiative, it is still unclear how politicians will fulfil their mandate and self‐imposed goal of shaping the research system. But they have basically already committed themselves to the continuation of the principles that have made the Excellence Initiative so successful thus far: the funding of top‐level research that is open to all research fields and a science‐driven process.
Cobalt‐catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Eugenol to Vanillin and Vanillic Acid
Authors: Mao Haifang , Wang Lizhi , Zhao Feifei , Wu Jianxin , Huo Haohua , Yu Jun
Published: January 2016

A novel, simple, one‐step method of synthesizing vanillin and vanillic acid from eugenol has been developed. The method uses ligand‐ and additive‐free Co(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2O as catalyst and molecular oxygen as oxidant to achieve catalytic process without isomerizing eugenol. Extensive screening efforts were used to optimize eugenol to obtain vanillin and vanillic acid. Under optimal conditions, the reaction provided vanillin and vanillic acid with 68.5 % and 15.2 % yields, respectively. Apart from the desired products, coniferyl alcohol 9‐methyl ether and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamaldehyde as two intermediates were also detected in the reaction process. Level changes of all compounds over time were presented in the reaction. The reaction pathway from eugenol to vanillic acid was validated by conducting several control experiments. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism dominated by a circular redox reaction from Co(III) and Co(II) species was proposed. This method offers a potentially practical alternative for manufacturing vanillin and vanillic acid efficiently.
Facile Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoline Derivatives Incorporating Sulfonyl Moiety
Authors: Liu Fei , Yang Jin‐Feng , Liu Hong , Wei Wen‐Zhen , Ma Yan‐Mei
Published: January 2016

We developed an environmentally benign, convenient microwave‐assisted process for the construction of 1,3,5‐trisubstitued pyrazolines (10a∼10f, 11a∼11f, 12a∼12f, 13a∼13f). Chalcones, as the key intermedi‐ ates, were obtained by the condensation of each of appropriately substituted aromatic aldehydes (1∼4) with 4‐substituted acetophenones (5a∼5f) via a Claisen‐Schmidt reaction under the action of microwave irradiation. Cyclization of the chalcones (6a∼6f, 7a∼7f, 8a∼8f, 9a∼9f) with p‐toluene sulfonhydrazide af‐ forded 1,3,5‐trisubstitued pyrazoline derivatives using microwave‐assisted process in 25 min and 140 watt power in glycol. The structures of targeted compounds were established by IR, 1H NMR, MS and ele‐ mental analysis. The results indicate that microwave‐assisted synthetic process presents advantages in terms of enhancement in rate, decrease in reaction time, clean reaction and convenient operation.
The modulus‐based matrix splitting algorithms for a class of weakly nonlinear complementarity problems
Authors: Huang Na , Ma Changfeng
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we study a class of weakly nonlinear complementarity problems arising from the discretization of free boundary problems. By reformulating the complementarity problems as implicit fixed‐point equations based on splitting of the system matrices, we propose a class of modulus‐based matrix splitting algorithms. We show their convergence by assuming that the system matrix is positive definite. Moreover, we give several kinds of typical practical choices of the modulus‐based matrix splitting iteration methods based on the different splitting of the system matrix. Numerical experiments on two model problems are presented to illustrate the theoretical results and examine the numerical effectiveness of our modulus‐based matrix splitting algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic evaluations of psychosocial interventions in cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Dieng Mbathio , Cust Anne E. , Kasparian Nadine A. , Mann Graham J. , Morton Rachael L.
Published: January 2016

Objective

Although the effectiveness of many psychosocial interventions for people with cancer has been established, one barrier to implementation in routine clinical care is a lack of data on cost‐effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review to assess the cost‐effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for improving psychological adjustment among people with cancer.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature, study appraisal and narrative synthesis.

Results

Eight studies involving 1668 patients were identified. Four of these reported outcomes in a cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) framework. Six studies reported psychosocial interventions to be cost‐effective for improving health‐related quality of life, mood, pain, distress or fear of cancer progression, compared with usual care. Of the six psychosocial interventions identified as cost‐effective, three were cognitive‐behavioural therapy‐based interventions, one was a nurse‐delivered telephone follow‐up plus educational group programme, one was a group‐based exercise and psychosocial intervention and one was a series of 10 face‐to‐face or telephone‐based individual support sessions delivered by a nurse. The quality of studies assessed according to the Consensus Health Economic Criteria‐list criteria was good overall; however, some studies were limited by their choice of outcome measure and omission of important categories of costs.

Conclusions

Several psychosocial interventions, particularly those based on cognitive‐behavioural therapy, have been demonstrated to represent good value for money in cancer care. Future research should include a clear definition of the economic question, inclusion of all relevant costs, and consideration of utility‐based quality of life measures for QALY estimation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The financial impact of head and neck cancer caregiving: a qualitative study
Authors: Balfe Myles , Butow Phyllis , O'Sullivan Eleanor , Gooberman‐Hill Rachael , Timmons Aileen , Sharp Linda
Published: January 2016

Background

There is a lack of research on the financial impacts that head and neck cancer has on caregivers.

Objective

To explore the overall financial impact of head and neck cancer on caregivers; to describe the factors that mitigate this impact.

Methods

Interviews with 31 caregivers (mean time caring: 5.7 years).

Results

Head and neck cancer had a considerable financial impact on caregivers. It resulted in out of pocket costs and caregivers and/or their relative/friend with cancer often became under‐ or un‐employed. Caregivers with large debts or ongoing expenses appeared to be particularly vulnerable to cancer‐related financial pressures. Finance related psychological stress was prevalent, although some caregivers hid their psychological difficulties from other people. Factors which help caregivers to mitigate financial distress included having private health insurance and being able to access to medical and/or social welfare benefits.

Conclusions

Head and neck cancer can cause caregivers substantial financial and psychological distress. Distress may be mitigated by providing caregivers and their households with access to welfare benefits.

Implications for practice

Health professionals should be aware that head and neck cancer can have short and long‐term financial consequences for caregivers and their families. Health professionals should refer patients and their caregivers to medical social workers who can help them with their financial issues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Solubility of 3,4‐Diaminofurazan (DAF) and 3,3′‐Diamino‐4,4′‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF) at Temperatures Between 293.15 K and 313.15 K
Authors: Qiu Lili , Li Yuling , Wang Zhe , Xue Min , Xu Zhibin , Meng Zihui , Ma Xiaoqin , Yi Da , Lin Zhihui
Published: January 2016

The solubilities of 3,4‐diaminofurazan (DAF) and 3,3′‐diamino‐4,4′‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF) were investigated in water, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone between 293.15 K and 313.15 K. The solubility was determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The solubilities of DAF and DAAF are increased with the increasing of temperature in all solvents studied. The enthalpy of solution in each solvent was calculated according to van't Hoff Equation.
Accuracy, precision and knee replacement: a cautionary tale
Authors: Cobb Justin
Published: January 2016

Technological advances and increased surgical precision should have resulted in knee replacements that can be ‘forgotten’ by patients, but patients continue to be dissatisfied by the results of their knee replacement surgery. In this article the author gives his opinion on why this might be and highlights a new approach that he believes could revolutionise knee surgery.
Patient‐reported outcome measures in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Sellers Laura , Savas Aylin Nuhoglu , Davda Reena , Ricketts Kate , Payne Heather
Published: January 2016

Survival remains a primary aim of treatment in prostate cancer, but quality of life is also an essential benefit of any therapy. Patient‐reported outcome measures, which record quality of life as perceived by the patient, are now widely used in cancer trials and, as discussed in this article, have a place in everyday practice.