bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media Interaktif e-Modul Materi Virus Sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran Daring di MAN 3 Jombang
Authors: Prihatiningtyas Suci , Tijanuddarori M. Wildan , Meishanti Ospa Pea Yuanita , Anantyarta Primadya
Published: November 2021

Pandemi covid-19 berdampak pada pembelajaran di sekolah. Hal ini juga terjadi di MAN 3 Jombang, pembelajaran yang dilakukan adalah pembelajaran daring. Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan, pembelajaran daring membuat peserta didik kurang memahami materi yang disampaikan karena guru hanya memberikan materi melalui ppt dan media yang digunakan hanya buku pegangan siswa dan LKS saja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa e-modul materi virus sebagai pendukung pembelajaran daring di MAN 3 Jombang dengan melihat. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini Bagaimana desain dan kelayakan media pembelajaran e-modul untuk pembelajaran biologi materi virus. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar validasi ahli media, lembar validasi ahli materi dan angket respon siswa. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan e-modul materi virus yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dengan revisi dengan presentase rata-rata yang diberikan oleh validator sebesar 80,43%.Keseluruhan peserta didik memberikan respon sangat baik dengan presentase rata-rata sebesar 88,83% terhadap e-modul materi virus yang dikembangkan dapat mendukung pembelajaran secara daring.
Mengajarkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: - Setiono , Astuti Fivty Octavia
Published: November 2021

Pengalaman belajar saintifik merupakan pengalaman belajar penting bagi peserta didik. Peserta didik harus memiliki keterampilan psrasyarat dalam pengalaman belajar saintifik, keterampilan dasar tersebut adalah keterampilan proses sains. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerangka kerja dalam membekalkan keterampilan proses sebagai dasar pengalaman saintifik dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskripstif melalui studi dokumen dan literatur. Pengalaman belajar melalui pendekatan saintifik merupakan salah satu standar proses dalam pembelajaran mata pelajaran biologi. Pengalaman belajar melalui pendekatan saintifik mempersyaratkan peserta didik mememiliki keterampilan dasar menjalankan proses saintifik, untuk menjalankan proses saintifik peserta didik harus memiliki keterampilan proses sains dasar. Guru perlu mengupayakan keterampilan proses sains ini dimiliki terlebih dahulu di awal-awal kegiatan pembelajaran biologi di sekolah. Dalam kurikulum BSCS (Biological Science Curriculum Study) dikatakan bahwa tema persoalan biologi pertama yang harus diajarkan kepada peserta didik adalah sains sebagai sebuah proses penyelidikan. Kondisi saat ini dimana peserta didik harus belajar di rumah menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi para guru untuk melatihkan keterampilan proses peserta didik. Melatihkan keterampilan proses perlu pengalaman hand-on yang dilakukan peserta didik. Sehingga guru harus menyiapkan tugas, instruksi atau bimbingan yang memungkinkan peserta didik melakukan proses sains di rumah, untuk menyiapkan hal tersebut guru memerlukan kerangka kerja pembelajaran jarak jauh yang dapat membekalkan keterampilan proses sains, sebagai keterampilan dasar untuk menjalankan standar proses pembelajaran sains.
Studi Kunjungan Harian Arthropoda pada Tanaman Ageratum conyzoides dan Acalipa australis di Area Pertanian Dusun Ketanon Kecamatan Diwek sebagai Bahan Pengembangan E-Katalog Arthropoda
Authors: Wulandari Anggun , Kamilah Maisy
Published: November 2021

Kunjungan harian Arthropoda dapat ditentukan dari frekuensi dan distribusi temporal Arthropoda pada setiap waktu pengamatan dalam mengunjungi tanaman Ageratum conyzoides dan Acalipa australis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis jenis, frekuensi, dan distribusi temporal serta bahan pengembangan e-katalog dari kunjungan Arthropoda pada tanaman Ageratum conyzoides dan Acalipa australis di area pertanian dusun Ketanon kecamatan Diwek. Metode pengambilan data dengan menggunakan metode “visual control” yang dikembangkan oleh Frei dan Manhart (1992) yang telah dimodifikasi. Penelitian dilakukan di area pertanian dusun Ketanon kecamatan Diwek dengan pengambilan data dilakukan pada pukul 06.00-07.00, 11.00-12.00, dan 16.00-17.00 sebanyak 3 kali ulangan pada masing-masing tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis Arthropoda berjumlah 11 famili dengan 12 macam spesies. Frekuensi kunjungan harian Arthropoda tertinggi pada tanaman Ageratum conyzoides adalah famili Agromyzidae (hama) dengan kunjungan rata-rata 4,22 individu/jam, sedangkan pada tanaman Acalipa australis adalah famili Formicidae (musuh alami) dengan kunjungan rata-rata 2,88 individu/jam. Distribusi temporal menunjukkan bahwa waktu kunjungan Arthropoda setiap individu/jam adalah berbeda disetiap kegiatan/kebutuhan berkunjung masing-masing hewan Arthropoda. Serta bahan pengembangan e-katalog diperoleh dari hasil data pengamatan yang disusun dalam bentuk bahan pengembangan e-katalog yang sederhana.
MÜFTÜLERE EVLENDİRME YETKİSİ VERİLMESİNİN ANAYASALLIĞI SORUNU
Authors: BAŞ Sezgin , BAŞ Seda
Published: November 2021

19 Kasım 2017 tarih ve 7039 sayılı Kanun’un 6’ıncı maddesi ile, Nüfus Hizmetleri Kanunu’nun 22’inci maddesine “il ve ilçe müftülükleri” ibaresi eklenmiştir. Böylece, bakanlığın il ve ilçe müftülüklerine evlendirme memurluğu yetkisi verebilmesine imkan tanınmıştır. Bu çalışma, söz konusu düzenlemenin anayasallığı sorununu inceler. Nüfus Hizmetleri Kanunu’nda yapılan değişiklikten sonra İç İşleri Bakanlığı, 28 Kasım 2017 tarihinde Evlendirme Yönetmeliği’nde değişiklik yapmıştır. Akabinde, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 1 Şubat 2018 tarihinde “Resmi Nikah Yetkisi Hakkında Genelge”yi yayımlamıştır. Bu Genelge’nin 6’ncı maddesinin 7’nci fıkrası, evlendirme işlemine başlamadan önce ve evlenme kütüğü imzalandıktan sonra bazı dini ritüellerin müftü tarafından yerine getirilmesi suretiyle evlendirme töreninin yapılacağını düzenlemektedir. Genelge’nin Türk Medeni Kanunu hükümlerine ve Anayasa’nın 174’üncü maddesine aykırı olduğu ileri sürülmüştür. Kanaatimizce, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığının Resmi Nikaha ilişkin Genelgesi Türk Medeni Kanununa aykırı değildir.

Müftülüklere evlendirme yetkisi verilebileceğine dair düzenlemeye karşı olanlar, söz konusu düzenlemenin, Anayasa’nın 2’nci maddesindeki laiklik ilkesine, 10’uncu maddesindeki eşitlik ilkesine, 24’üncü maddesindeki din ve vicdan hürriyetine, 90’ıncı ve 136’ncı madde hükümlerine ve medeni nikahı Anayasa’ya aykırılığı ileri sürülemeyecek inkılap kanunları arasında sayan 174’üncü maddeye aykırı olduğunu ileri sürmüştür. Nüfus Hizmetleri Kanunu’nda yapılan değişikliğine karşı Anayasa’ya aykırı olduğu gerekçesiyle açılan iptal davası, Anayasa Mahkemesinin 6 Aralık 2018 tarihli kararıyla oybirliği ile reddedilmiştir. Mahkeme, bu kararında pasif laiklik ilkesi kavrayışını devam ettirmiştir. Kanaatimizce de müftülüklere evlendirme yetkisi verilebilmesine dair kanuni düzenleme, 1982 Anayasası’na aykırı değildir.
The Concept of Ocularcentrism & Photographic Models of Vision From the Perspectives of Software Studies and Cultural Analytics Methods of Social Media Images and the Consumer Society Theory
Authors: Chmielecki Konrad
Published: November 2021

Scientific objective: The concept of ocularcentrism as the dominant ideology acts as a very important role within visual shaping photographic models of vision used by social media and photographic images. The paper focuses on the concept of ocularcentrism as the dominant effect of sight in visual culture, the problems of “ocularcentric discourse,” presented in forms of the “phono-logo-centrism” paradigm, and ocularcentric ways of seeing, or scopic regimes: “Cartesian perspectivalism,” the “Art of Describing,” “baroque vision,” and photographic models of vision that have been discussed in two theoretical contexts: Lev Manovich’s Software Studies and Cultural Analytics methods and Zygmunt Bauman’s consumer society theory that can be understood as the “embodied eye” and the “armed eye” concepts. Research methods: I suggest use of critical methods of Martin Jay’s Visual Studies in the perspective of the history of visuality from the ancient Greek to the philosophical, twentieth-century French thought, undertaking Software Studies and Cultural Analytics methods, in an analysis of the research project of Manovich’s “Phototrails,” as well as Bauman’s consumer society theory in an analysis of the photographic project of Alain Delorme’s “Totems.” Results and conclusions: I hope that exploring theoretical problems of visual culture will allow researchers to open a new field of reciprocal correspondence between the concept of ocularcentrism, photographic models of vision, Software Studies, and Cultural Analytics methods, as well as Bauman’s consumer society theory, based on possibility of coming to conclusions, posing questions, and hypotheses. Cognitive value: The paper is an attempt to make a contribution to the hitherto unexplored research on the concept of ocularcentrism as the dominant effect of sight, subjecting to analysis the research project of Manovich’s “Phototrails,” in the perspective of Software Studies and Cultural Analytics methods within “media visualizations,” as well as the photographic project of Delorme’s “Totems,” in the perspective of Bauman’s consumer society theory, consumerism, consumption, and social exclusion.
Sprawozdanie z 28. Międzynarodowego Sympozjum Badawczego Public Relations BledCom Public Relations and Public Risk and Crisis Communication (Słowenia, Bled, online, 2–3 lipca 2021 r.)
Authors: Barlik Jacek
Published: November 2021

publikacja w numerze wrześniowym
Possibilities for Coping Strategies Development of Management Students
Authors: Birknerová Zuzana , Zbihlejová Lucia
Published: November 2021

Coping with demanding situations is a regular part of managerial work; therefore, training in it ought also to be part of the pre-graduation preparation of students of Management. From a managerial perspective, demanding situations are perceived as either unpleasant or as a potential opportunity for career advancement. This paper presents the results of an experimental research project investigating coping strategies development, specifically among students of Management. An experimental group underwent specific preparation, whereas a control group did not. The experiment was conducted on a research sample of 293 management students using the COPE (b) methodology. The experimental results confirmed statistically significant differences between the ante- and the post-measurement within the experimental group in terms of these five coping strategies: Positive reframing, Active coping, Planning, Humour, and Venting. Within the control group, no significant differences were recorded.
Trastornos del gusto como indicador de enfermedad sistémica
Authors: Pedraza Maquera Karla Ivohnne , Lévano Villanueva Caroll Johana Uberlinda
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es actualizar las bases teóricas sobre la fisiología del gusto y su importancia en la detección temprana y oportuna de diversas enfermedades sistémicas, teniendo en cuenta la forma en que se expresan las células gustativas y su implicancia directa con enfermedades sistémicas o metabólicas como la diabetes mellitus, hipertensión, 2019-nCoV; esta información es de suma importancia en la actualización de la terapéutica médica-odontológica. Resultando fundamental para el cirujano dentista el desarrollo adecuado del interrogatorio y la aplicación de métodos de diagnóstico, además de entender el desarrollo del proceso del sentido del gusto. Para esta revisión, los datos utilizados se encuentran publicados en la base de datos de búsqueda y selección de PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Scielo y Web of Science y libros sobre el tema.
El ex Balneario Popular Rocas de Santo Domingo (Chile): patrimonialización y musealización desde el vacío
Authors: Bustamante Danilo Javiera , Olivares Álvarez Oscar
Published: November 2021

Este artículo analiza el caso del sitio de memoria Ex Centro de Detención y Tortura Balneario Popular Rocas de Santo Domingo de Chile y cómo, frente al abandono estatal y el vacío material agudizado por la acción humana y de la naturaleza, se levantan estrategias para su puesta en valor y patrimonialización por parte de las comunidades de memoria. En particular, se presentan los recorridos testimoniales y el proyecto de realidad aumentada Memorial Rocas como estrategias para la musealización desde las ruinas, en un contexto nacional de desigual valorización del patrimonio por parte de las autoridades. A partir de este caso, se reflexiona sobre los principios de integridad material que rigen el sistema de protección y valorización del patrimonio.
Enemmän kuin kymmenen näkökulmaa esiintymiseen
Authors: Raappana Mitra
Published: November 2021

Kirja-arvio teoksesta Poutiainen, S. (toim.) 2021. Yleisö ja puhe – Kymmenen näkökulmaa esiintymiseen. Kulttuuriosuuskunta Partuuna: Helsinki
DESKRIPSI KESALAHAN MAHASISWA DALAM MENGGAMBAR TITIK KOORDINAT PADA DIMENSI DUA DAN DIMENSI TIGA
Authors: Patricia Firda Alfiana
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan yang ditemukan pada mahasiswa ketika menggambar titik koordinat pada dimensi dua dan dimensi tiga pada mata kuliah Geometri Analitik. Subjek penelitian merupakan 20 mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Matematika IKIP Budi Utomo Malang Kelas 2019A yang terdiri dari 14 perempuan dan 6 laki-laki yang penentuannya menggunakan simple random sampling. Terdapat 15 mahasiswa yang melakukan kesalahan dan 5 mahasiswa yang sudah benar dalam menggambar titik koordinat pada dimensi dua, sedangkan dalam menggambar titik koordinat dimensi tiga ditemukan 12 mahasiswa yang melakukan kesalahan dan 8 mahasiswa yang sudah benar. Berdasarkan analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis wacana maka kesalahan yang ditemukan merupakan jenis kesalahan proses keterampilan (process skills errors) diantaranya tidak menggunakan kertas berpetak sehingga jarak antar titik tidak sama, titik koordinat tidak diberi nama, titik koordinat tidak dituliskan, bilangan pada sumbu koordinat tidak dituliskan dan keliru dalam menggambar sumbu koordinat yang benar.
IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Dermawan Oki , Wulandari Ayu , Efferi Adri , Alhamuddin Alhamuddin
Published: November 2021

The educational institution of Al-Kautsar High School Lampung is an independent institution and carries out several business units. Researchers, in this case, research to find out about the implementation of business management education in Al-Kautsar High School. The type of research used is qualitative. They are collecting data using observation, interviews, and documentation and testing the validity of the data using source triangulation techniques. The results showed that Al-Kautsar High School is an educational institution capable of becoming an independent academic institution. This can be proven by business applications such as canteen, AK water, tutoring, outbound, and umrah. The income from these business units is used to repair, add, and maintain facilities and infrastructure. Private educational institutions have benefited from the implementation of these efforts.
CORRELATION OF FINANCING MANAGEMENT TOWARDS THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN MADRASAH DINIYAH TAKMILIYAH AWALIYAH IN BANDUNG DISTRICT
Authors: Badrudin Badrudin , Gustini Neng , Amirulloh Cep Ilyas
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine and describe the relationship between financing management and the quality of diniyah education in Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah in the Bandung Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data collection technique is done by distributing questionnaires (questionnaires) and documentation with a sample of 37 people. The data analysis techniques used are research instrument trials, partial analysis, correlation analysis, and coefficient of determination (contribution) analysis. The results showed that the achievement of financing management and the quality of diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah education in Bandung Regency showed a significant relationship between financing management and the quality of diniyah education. The linearity test of financing management (X) and the quality of diniyah education (Y) obtained a value of F = 1.611 with a significance level of 0.218, so it can be interpreted that it has a positive and significant linear relationship. This study has implications for the importance of effective financing management in improving the quality of madrasah.
PROMOTION MIX NAHDLATUL ULAMA UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA TO INCREASE NEW STUDENT’S INTEREST
Authors: Kristanto Joko , Soleh Achmad Khudori , Al-Idrus Salim , Raya Moch Khafidz Fuad
Published: November 2021

The mushrooming number of PTKI (Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam - Islamic Religious Higher Education) clusters has made competition between universities even tighter, thus using promotional strategies to increase public trust. The increase in the interest of new students is an indicator of the success of the college in marketing education. This research is devoted to UNUSA as an Islamic organization-based PTKI (NU) that carries out promotional strategies to increase the interest of new students. This research uses a qualitative case study approach. The results showed that UNUSA used a promotion mix through advertising, such as; national television, personal selling, publications, and direct marketing. UNUSA's branding as PTNU (Nahdlatul Ulama' College) using a promotion mix has implications for increasing the number of new students by 21% over the last five years with a total achievement of 6,035 new students from 49% of the Nahdliyin community segment.
Metabolic Analysis of Schizochytrium Mutants With High DHA Content Achieved With ARTP Mutagenesis Combined With Iodoacetic Acid and Dehydroepiandrosterone Screening
Authors: Zeng Lei , Bi Yanqi , Guo Pengfei , Bi Yali , Wang Tiantian , Dong Liang , Wang Fangzhong , Chen Lei , Zhang Weiwen
Published: November 2021

High DHA production cost caused by low DHA titer and productivity of the current Schizochytrium strains is a bottleneck for its application in competition with traditional fish-oil based approach. In this study, atmospheric and room-temperature plasma with iodoacetic acid and dehydroepiandrosterone screening led to three mutants, 6–8, 6–16 and 6–23 all with increased growth and DHA accumulations. A LC/MS metabolomic analysis revealed the increased metabolism in PPP and EMP as well as the decreased TCA cycle might be relevant to the increased growth and DHA biosynthesis in the mutants. Finally, the mutant 6–23, which achieved the highest growth and DHA accumulation among all mutants, was evaluated in a 5 L fermentor. The results showed that the DHA concentration and productivity in mutant 6–23 were 41.4 g/L and 430.7 mg/L/h in fermentation for 96 h, respectively, which is the highest reported so far in literature. The study provides a novel strain improvement strategy for DHA-producing Schizochytrium.
A Colorectal Cancer 3D Bioprinting Workflow as a Platform for Disease Modeling and Chemotherapeutic Screening
Authors: Sbirkov Yordan , Molander Diana , Milet Clement , Bodurov Ilia , Atanasov Boyko , Penkov Radoslav , Belev Nikolay , Forraz Nico , McGuckin Colin , Sarafian Victoria
Published: November 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and has recently moved up to the second leading cause of death among carcinomas. Prognosis, especially for advanced diseases or certain molecular subtypes of CRC, remains poor, which highlights the urgent need for better therapeutic strategies. However, currently, as little as 0.1% of all drugs make it from bench to bedside because of the inherently high false-positive and false-negative rates of current preclinical and clinical drug testing data. Therefore, the success of developing novel treatment agents lies in the introduction of improved preclinical disease models which resemble in vivo carcinomas closer, possess higher predictive properties, and offer opportunities for individualized therapies. Aiming to address these needs, we have established an affordable, flexible, and highly reproducible 3D bioprinted CRC model. The histological assessment of Caco-2 cells in 3D bioprints revealed the formation of glandular-like structures which show greater pathomorphological resemblance to tumors than monolayer cultures do. RNA expression profiles in 3D bioprinted cells were marked by upregulation of genes involved in cell adhesion, hypoxia, EGFR/KRAS signaling, and downregulation of cell cycle programs. Testing this 3D experimental platform with three of the most commonly used chemotherapeutics in CRC (5-fluoruracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan) revealed overall increased resistance compared to 2D cell cultures. Last, we demonstrate that our workflow can be successfully extended to primary CRC samples. Thereby, we describe a novel accessible platform for disease modeling and drug testing, which may present an innovative opportunity for personalized therapeutic screening.
Structural Characterization of Sulfated Polysaccharide Isolated From Red Algae (Gelidium crinale) and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Macrophage Cells
Authors: Pei Yu , Yang Shengtao , Xiao Zhenbang , Zhou Chunxia , Hong Pengzhi , Qian Zhong-Ji
Published: November 2021

Gelidium crinale, the red algae belonging to Geliaceae Gelidium, is a traditional edible and industrial alga in China. A sulfated polysaccharide (GNP) is successfully separated from Gelidium crinale by acid extraction and two-step column chromatography. Chemical analysis showed that the molecular weight of GNP was 25.8 kDa and the monosaccharide composition had the highest galactose content and confirmed the presence and content (16.5%) of sulfate by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrometry as well as barium chloride-gelatin methods. In addition, the effect of GNP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages was also evaluated. The research results showed that GNP had fairly strong scavenging activities on 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, hydroxyl radical, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and had Fe2+-chelating ability in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, it significantly inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS through blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling pathway. These results indicate that GNP may be a latent component anti-inflammation in pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
Zyxin Is Involved in Fibroblast Rigidity Sensing and Durotaxis
Authors: Yip Ai Kia , Zhang Songjing , Chong Lor Huai , Cheruba Elsie , Woon Jessie Yong Xing , Chua Theng Xuan , Goh Corinna Jie Hui , Yang Haibo , Tay Chor Yong , Koh Cheng-Gee , Chiam Keng-Hwee
Published: November 2021

Focal adhesions (FAs) are specialized structures that enable cells to sense their extracellular matrix rigidity and transmit these signals to the interior of the cells, bringing about actin cytoskeleton reorganization, FA maturation, and cell migration. It is known that cells migrate towards regions of higher substrate rigidity, a phenomenon known as durotaxis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of durotaxis and how different proteins in the FA are involved remain unclear. Zyxin is a component of the FA that has been implicated in connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the FA. We have found that knocking down zyxin impaired NIH3T3 fibroblast’s ability to sense and respond to changes in extracellular matrix in terms of their FA sizes, cell traction stress magnitudes and F-actin organization. Cell migration speed of zyxin knockdown fibroblasts was also independent of the underlying substrate rigidity, unlike wild type fibroblasts which migrated fastest at an intermediate substrate rigidity of 14 kPa. Wild type fibroblasts exhibited durotaxis by migrating toward regions of increasing substrate rigidity on polyacrylamide gels with substrate rigidity gradient, while zyxin knockdown fibroblasts did not exhibit durotaxis. Therefore, we propose zyxin as an essential protein that is required for rigidity sensing and durotaxis through modulating FA sizes, cell traction stress and F-actin organization.
Francisella novicida Mutant XWK4 Triggers Robust Inflammasome Activation Favoring Infection
Authors: Guo Yu , Mao Rudi , Xie Qingqing , Cheng Xiaojie , Xu Tao , Wang Xiaoyuan , Du Yan , Qi Xiaopeng
Published: November 2021

Bacterial infection tendentiously triggers inflammasome activation, whereas the roles of inflammasome activation in host defense against diverse infections remain unclear. Here, we identified that an ASC-dependent inflammasome activation played opposite roles in host defense against Francisella novicida wild-type (WT) U112 and mutant strain XWK4. Comparing with U112, XWK4 infection induced robust cytokine production, ASC-dependent inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis. Both AIM2 and NLRP3 were involved and played independent roles in XWK4-induced inflammasome activation. Type II interferon was partially required for XWK4-triggered inflammasome activation, which was different from type I interferon dependency in U112-induced inflammasome activation. Distinct from F. novicida U112 and Acinetobacter baumannii infection, Asc–/– mice were more resistant than WT mice response to XWK4 infection by limiting bacterial burden in vivo. The excessive inflammasome activation triggered by XWK4 infection caused dramatical cell death and pathological damage. Our study offers novel insights into mechanisms of inflammasome activation in host defense and provides potential therapeutic approach against bacterial infections and inflammatory diseases.
Sirtuin-3 Protects Cochlear Hair Cells Against Noise-Induced Damage via the Superoxide Dismutase 2/Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liang Wenqi , Zhao Chunli , Chen Zhongrui , Yang Zijing , Liu Ke , Gong Shusheng
Published: November 2021

Mitochondrial oxidative stress is involved in hair cell damage caused by noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) plays an important role in hair cell survival by regulating mitochondrial function; however, the role of SIRT3 in NIHL is unknown. In this study, we used 3-TYP to inhibit SIRT3 and found that this inhibition aggravated oxidative damage in the hair cells of mice with NIHL. Moreover, 3-TYP reduced the enzymatic activity and deacetylation levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Subsequently, we administered adeno-associated virus-SIRT3 to the posterior semicircular canals and found that SIRT3 overexpression significantly attenuated hair cell injury and that this protective effect of SIRT3 could be blocked by 2-methoxyestradiol, a SOD2 inhibitor. These findings suggest that insufficient SIRT3/SOD2 signaling leads to mitochondrial oxidative damage resulting in hair cell injury in NIHL. Thus, ameliorating noise-induced mitochondrial redox imbalance by intervening in the SIRT3/SOD2 signaling pathway may be a new therapeutic target for hair cell injury.
The Cross Talk Between p53 and mTOR Pathways in Response to Physiological and Genotoxic Stresses
Authors: Cui Danrui , Qu Ruirui , Liu Dian , Xiong Xiufang , Liang Tingbo , Zhao Yongchao
Published: November 2021

The tumor suppressor p53 is activated upon multiple cellular stresses, including DNA damage, oncogene activation, ribosomal stress, and hypoxia, to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, serves as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and survival by coordinating nutrients, energy, growth factors, and oxygen levels. p53 dysfunction and mTOR pathway hyperactivation are hallmarks of human cancer. The balance between response to stresses or commitment to cell proliferation and survival is governed by various regulatory loops between the p53 and mTOR pathways. In this review, we first briefly introduce the tumor suppressor p53 and then describe the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of the mTOR pathway. Next, we discuss the role of p53 in regulating the mTOR pathway through its transcriptional and non-transcriptional effects. We further describe the complicated role of the mTOR pathway in modulating p53 activity. Finally, we discuss the current knowledge and future perspectives on the coordinated regulation of the p53 and mTOR pathways.
Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Encapsulated Partial Zinc Stannate Nanocomposite for High-Performance Energy Storage Materials
Authors: Yu Jiage , Liu Zhijie , Zhang Xian , Ding Yu , Fu Zhengbing , Wang Feng
Published: November 2021

As a bimetal oxide, partial zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) is one of the most promising next-generation lithium anode materials, which has the advantages of low operating voltage, large theoretical capacity (1,317 mA h g−1), and low cost. However, the shortcomings of large volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity hinder its practical application. The core-shell ZnSnO3@ nitrogen-doped carbon (ZSO@NC) nanocomposite was successfully obtained by coating ZnSnO3 with polypyrrole (PPy) through in situ polymerization under ice-bath conditions. Benefiting from this unique compact structure, the shell formed by PPy cannot only effectively alleviate the volume expansion effect of ZnSnO3 but also enhance the electrical conductivity, thus, greatly improving the lithium storage performance. ZSO@NC can deliver a reversible capacity of 967 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 300 cycles and 365 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 1,000 cycles. This work may provide a new avenue for the synthesis of bimetal oxide with a core–shell structure for high-performance energy storage materials.
Applying Participatory Action Research Methods in Community-Based Adaptation With Smallholders in Myanmar
Authors: Barbon Wilson John , Myae Chan , Vidallo Rene , Thant Phyu Sin , Monville-Oro Emilita , Gonsalves Julian
Published: November 2021

The effects of climate change to agriculture being largely location specific, it is crucial that adaptation measures recognize the value of targeted, context-specific, community-based strategies and processes. This research deployed participatory action research relying on a diverse range of socio-technical methods for facilitating community-level adaptation in climate-smart villages. Smallholder farms in four unique agro-ecologies in Myanmar were targeted. Results and insights from the 3-year, participatory action research effort chronicle how the climate-smart village approach was implemented in the four targeted climate-smart villages (CSVs). The key support systems needed for effective community engagement in implementing the CSVs are discussed. Social learning helped nurture capacities of farmers to find solutions and test and improve adaptation options. Using a combination of socio-technical processes, smallholder farmers, researchers, and facilitators improved their understanding of climate change, drivers of vulnerability, and coping activities. With this knowledge and understanding, the farmers in the CSVs identified a menu of adaptation options that they would test and adopt (and scale). This “portfolio approach” to deriving adaptation options ensured that there were opportunities for men, women, and landless households to participate in the community adaptation process. This approach allowed farmers to determine what was their preferred entry point. Invariably, such approaches nurture incremental adaptation with associated incremental learning. The research suggests that land tenure regimes influence the nature of the adaptation options and their eventual uptake. In villages with high incidence of landlessness, the adaptation options were limited to homesteads, the small patch of land around the household dwelling. A more secure tenure status provided farmers with freedom to engage in diversified and long-term production systems. Poverty and wealth levels of households were other factors influencing the uptake of adaptation options, especially those aimed at diversifying production for reduced risks.
Impacts of a Non-indigenous Ecosystem Engineer, the American Beaver (Castor canadensis), in a Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: Richmond Jonathan Q. , Swift Camm C. , Wake Thomas A. , Brehme Cheryl S. , Preston Kristine L. , Kus Barbara E. , Ervin Edward L. , Tremor Scott , Matsuda Tritia , Fisher Robert N.
Published: November 2021

Non-native species having high per capita impacts in invaded communities are those that modulate resource availability and alter disturbance regimes in ways that are biologically incompatible with the native biota. In areas where it has been introduced by humans, American beaver (Castor canadensis) is an iconic example of such species due to its capacity to alter trophic dynamics of entire ecosystems and create new invasional pathways for other non-native species. The species is problematic in several watersheds within the Southern California-Northern Baja California Coast Ecoregion, a recognized hotspot of biodiversity, due to its ability to modify habitat in ways that favor invasive predators and competitors over the region's native species and habitat. Beaver was deliberately introduced across California in the mid-1900s and generally accepted as non-native to the region up to the early 2000s; however, articles promoting the idea that beaver may be a natural resident have gained traction in recent years, due in large part to the species' charismatic nature rather than by presentation of sound evidence. Here, we discuss the problems associated with beaver disturbance and its effects on conserving the region's native fauna and flora. We refute arguments underlying the claim that beaver is native to the region, and review paleontological, zooarchaeological, and historical survey data from renowned field biologists and naturalists over the past ~160 years to show that no evidence exists that beaver arrived by any means other than deliberate human introduction. Managing this ecosystem engineer has potential to reduce the richness and abundance of other non-native species because the novel, engineered habitat now supporting these species would diminish in beaver-occupied watersheds. At the same time, hydrologic functionality would shift toward more natural, ephemeral conditions that favor the regions' native species while suppressing the dominance of the most insidious invaders.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection Is Associated With Multiple Imaging Signs Related to Late Aortic Events
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Zhang Zhe , Fu Lingyu , Wang Lei , Yang Yu , Wang Hao , Zhou Baosen , Wang Wei , Zhang Jian , Xin Shijie
Published: November 2021

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is highly prevalent in patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD). Few studies have evaluated the effects of OSA on vascular changes in TBAD patients. This study aimed to explore the effect of OSA on aortic morphological changes in TBAD patients and its relation to late aortic events (LAEs).

Methods: This case-control study included 143 TBAD patients. The diameters of different parts of the aorta were measured based on computed tomography angiography (CTA). According to the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), OSA was classified as mild (5 ≤ AHI ≤ 15), moderate (15 < AHI ≤ 30), or severe (AHI > 30). The false lumen (FL) status was evaluated and classified as partially thrombosed, patent, or completely thrombosed.

Results: The OSA prevalence in TBAD patients was 64.3%, and image differences related to LAEs between TBAD patients with and without OSA included the maximum aortic diameter at onset (37.3 ± 3.9 vs. 40.3 ± 4.5 mm, p < 0.001), the FL diameter of the proximal descending thoracic aorta (16.0 ± 6.8 vs. 20.3 ± 4.7 mm, p < 0.001), and the proportion of the FL that was partially thrombosed (39.2 vs. 64.1%, p = 0.004). Additionally, in the multivariable analysis of patients with OSA, the risks of an aortic diameter ≥40 mm, a proximal descending aorta FL ≥ 22 mm and a partially thrombosed FL were 4.611 (95% CI: 1.796–11.838, p = 0.001), 2.544 (95% CI: 1.050–6.165, p = 0.039), and 2.565 (95% CI: 1.167–5.637, p = 0.019), respectively, after adjustment for confounding factors. Trend tests showed that the risks of an aortic diameter ≥40 mm and a partially thrombosed FL increased with increasing OSA severity.

Conclusions: TBAD patients with moderate to severe OSA have aortic dilatation in different parts of the aorta. OSA is an independent risk factor for multiple imaging signs related to LAEs, suggesting that OSA is an important factor affecting the prognosis of TBAD patients.
Reproducible Analysis Pipeline for Data Streams: Open-Source Software to Process Data Collected With Mobile Devices
Authors: Vega Julio , Li Meng , Aguillera Kwesi , Goel Nikunj , Joshi Echhit , Khandekar Kirtiraj , Durica Krina C. , Kunta Abhineeth R. , Low Carissa A.
Published: November 2021

Smartphone and wearable devices are widely used in behavioral and clinical research to collect longitudinal data that, along with ground truth data, are used to create models of human behavior. Mobile sensing researchers often program data processing and analysis code from scratch even though many research teams collect data from similar mobile sensors, platforms, and devices. This leads to significant inefficiency in not being able to replicate and build on others' work, inconsistency in quality of code and results, and lack of transparency when code is not shared alongside publications. We provide an overview of Reproducible Analysis Pipeline for Data Streams (RAPIDS), a reproducible pipeline to standardize the preprocessing, feature extraction, analysis, visualization, and reporting of data streams coming from mobile sensors. RAPIDS is formed by a group of R and Python scripts that are executed on top of reproducible virtual environments, orchestrated by a workflow management system, and organized following a consistent file structure for data science projects. We share open source, documented, extensible and tested code to preprocess, extract, and visualize behavioral features from data collected with any Android or iOS smartphone sensing app as well as Fitbit and Empatica wearable devices. RAPIDS allows researchers to process mobile sensor data in a rigorous and reproducible way. This saves time and effort during the data analysis phase of a project and facilitates sharing analysis workflows alongside publications.
Quantifying the Seawater Sulfate Concentration in the Cambrian Ocean
Authors: Zhu Guangyou , Li Tingting , Huang Tianzheng , Zhao Kun , Tang Wenbo , Wang Ruimin , Lang Xianguo , Shen Bing
Published: November 2021

Although the earliest animals might have evolved in certain “sweet spots” in the last 10 million years of Ediacaran (550–541 Ma), the Cambrian explosion requires sufficiently high levels of oxygen (O2) in the atmosphere and diverse habitable niches in the substantively oxygenated seafloor. However, previous studies indicate that the marine redox landscape was temporally oscillatory and spatially heterogeneous, suggesting the decoupling of atmospheric oxygenation and oceanic oxidation. The seawater sulfate concentration is controlled by both the atmospheric O2 level and the marine redox condition, with sulfide oxidation in continents as the major source, and sulfate reduction and pyrite burial as the major sink of seawater sulfate. It is thus important to quantify the sulfate concentration on the eve of the Cambrian explosion. In this study, we measured the pyrite contents and pyrite sulfur isotopes of black shale samples from the Yurtus Formation (Cambrian Series 2) in the Tarim Block, northwestern China. A numerical model is developed to calculate the seawater sulfate concentration using the pyrite content and pyrite sulfur isotope data. We first calibrate some key parameters based on observations from modern marine sediments. Then, the Monte Carlo simulation is applied to reduce the uncertainty raised by loosely confined parameters. Based on the geochemical data from both Tarim and Yangtze blocks, the modeling results indicate the seawater sulfate concentration of 8.9–14 mM, suggesting the seawater sulfate concentration was already 30–50% of the present level (28 mM). High seawater sulfate concentration might be attributed to the enhanced terrestrial sulfate input and widespread ocean oxygenation on the eve of the Cambrian explosion.
Uplift Performance of Plate Anchors in Cement-Stabilised Aeolian Sand
Authors: Qian Zengzhen , Sheng Mingqiang , Huang Faming , Lu Xianlong
Published: November 2021

Comparative pullout tests were carried out on model plate anchors in uncemented aeolian sand (UAS) and cement-stabilised aeolian sand (CAS) with different embedment ratios of the embedment depth (H) to the width (D) of the plate to examine the effectiveness of the insertion of cement in aeolian sand to enhance the uplift performance of plate anchors. Experimental results demonstrated that significant increases in failure resistance and uplift stiffness can be achieved, irrespective of embedment ratios of H/D, when a relatively small amount of cement (an optimal cement content of 6% by weight of dry aeolian sand determined by direct shear test in this study) was added to the aeolian sand backfill. However, distinct load–displacement responses were observed in all the tests on the model plate anchors embedded in CAS and UAS backfills: two-phase of pre-peak and post-peak behaviour in CAS and three-phase of initial linear, nonlinear transition to peak uplift resistance, and post-peak behaviour in UAS; failure of the former started at tiny displacements and that of the latter appeared at large displacements. Therefore, the significant increases in uplift failure resistance and pre-peak uplift stiffness were limited to relatively low uplift displacements because of the brittle nature of the improved CAS backfills shear strength characteristics.
Design and Performance Analysis of Blades Based on the Equal–Variable Circulation Method
Authors: Liang D. , Song C. , Liang S. , Wang S. , Li Y. , Zhou Z.
Published: November 2021

With the aim of improving the aerodynamic performance of axial turbomachinery, a new type of blade is designed using the equal–variable circulation method. Taking an axial flow fan as the research object, this article describes the development of a new type of turbomachinery by changing the design method and producing a blade with forward sweep. The aerodynamic performance of the fan is simulated and compared with the experimental data. The numerical results show that the equal circulation design method improves the aerodynamic performance of the blade roots, while the variable circulation design method enhances the aerodynamic performance of the blade tips. By adopting the equal–variable circulation design method, the total pressure of the experimental fan is increased by about 4%, while the efficiency remains unchanged. Forward-swept blades with an equal–variable circulation design also improve performance over the conventional blades by changing the center-of-gravity stacking line. At low flow rates, the efficiency of the experimental fan can be increased by 7.5%, and the working range of the flow is expanded. Under high flow rates, the restriction of the blade tip on the airflow is decreased and the fluidity is slightly reduced.
Molecular Detection of Bartonella sp. in Psathyromyia shannoni and Lutzomyia cruciata From Northeastern Mexico
Authors: Lozano-Sardaneta Yokomi N. , Soto-Olguín Nadia Joselyne , Rodríguez-Rojas Jorge J. , Sánchez-Montes Sokani , Rebollar-Téllez Eduardo A. , Becker Ingeborg
Published: November 2021

Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of Leishmania spp., Bartonella bacilliformis, and several arboviruses worldwide. In Mexico, the presence of Bartonella species is associated sporadically with arthropods and little is known on the diversity of insects that could be incriminated with its transmission. The aim of this study was to perform a molecular detection of Bartonella DNA in sand fly species collected in northeastern Mexico. Sand flies were collected at the states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas from June to August 2010, using 16 light traps per night. Sand fly species were morphologically identified, and for Bartonella detection, we amplified ~378 bp of the citrate synthase gene (gltA). DNA sequences were compared in a phylogenetic reconstruction based on maximum likelihood. A total of 532 specimens from seven sand fly species were morphologically identified, where 11 specimens from Tamaulipas tested positive for the presence of a new lineage of Bartonella sp. associated with Psathyromyia shannoni and Lutzomyia cruciata. This work represents the second record of Bartonella-associated with sand flies outside of the endemic area of Carrion’s disease. More studies are necessary to understand their life cycle, transmission dynamics, and their relationship with sand fly species.
Recent Freshening, Warming, and Contraction of the Antarctic Bottom Water in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Anilkumar N , Jena Babula , George Jenson V. , P Sabu , S Kshitija , Ravichandran M
Published: November 2021

High saline and cold Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) forms around the continental margin of Antarctica that ventilates into the global ocean. To study the recent changes in AABW, we have analyzed the in situ observations collected from Indian Ocean expeditions to the Southern Ocean during 2010, 2011, 2017, 2018, and 2020. A comprehensive analysis of these observations indicated recent freshening, warming, and contraction in the layer thickness of the AABW. Even though the AABW depicted inter-annual variability, it changed to moderately fresher and lighter water mass at the end of the recent decade. The characteristics of AABW exhibited a contraction in its layer thickness (∼50–120 m) during recent years. The water mass showed its freshening (∼0.002) and warming (∼0.04°C) tendency from 2018 to 2020. The recent warming (∼0.3°C) of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) near the Prydz Bay suggests enhanced melting of ice shelves. It is hypothesized that the combined influences of onshore intrusion of warm CDW, upper ocean warming, sea ice decline, wind forcing, polynya, and calving events possibly caused the freshening and reduction in the thickness of AABW. The continued changes in the ocean-atmospheric environmental conditions and the subsequent changes in the bottom water characteristics likely influence the global climate, overturning circulation, and the biogeochemical cycle.