bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Jawa dalam Menghadapi Pandemi
Authors: Rumilah Siti , Nafisah Kholidah Sunni , Arizamroni Mochammad , Hikam Sholahudin Abinawa , Damayanti Sita Arum
Published: January 2021

This research discusses various local wisdoms of the Javanese people in dealing with the COVID-19 Pandemic. Plague which means “pagebluk” in Javanese is responded with cultural attitudes such as understanding the wabah (pandemic) in the framework of titen science, jamasan heirloom as a method, and herbal medicine treatment as a method. This research makes use of Social Anthropology theory. The method used is descriptive qualitative. While the research background is Ngawi Regency, East Java. Data were collected from observations and interviews with several sources and literature study. The results of this study show that each region in Indonesia, especially Java, has its own way of responding to the arrival of the COVID-19 outbreak. With existing local wisdom, the Javanese people are trying to deal with this pandemic in their own way and culture.
Verbalization of Performative Units in English Texts of International Conventions: Morphological Aspect
Authors: Mosesova Milana , Shiryaeva Tatyana
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of a study devoted to the analysis of the morphological features of the texts of international conventions operating within the English legal discourse. Close attention is paid to the characteristics of the main language means by which the aspect of performativity is actualized in legal context. The texts of international conventions relating to various special areas of the life of society comprise the material of the study. The analysis of empirical material has enabled the authors to identify the most frequent models of performative units in the texts of international conventions: 1) constructions with modal verbs; 2) constructions with infinitives; 3) adjectives / adverbs; 4) pronouns / prepositions (with semantics of default). The designated performative models are functionally aimed at the actualization of prohibition and prescription of certain actions. In addition, the authors describe the parts of speech classification of key linguistic units verbalizing the meaning of performativity in the analyzed legal documents. The database of performative units developed in the course of the study is of great importance. It contains 250 items, its fragment is presented in the article. The study can become the basis for further analysis of performative units in the context of their structural-semantic, lexical, grammatical features, as well as in lexicographical practice in compiling a bilingual legal dictionary, which includes, along with the actual legal terms, the professional vocabulary commonly used by communicants in legal sphere.
Linguistic and Pragmatic Potential of Advertising Names (As Exemplified by Names of Cosmetic Goods)
Authors: Krinitskaya Marina
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on specifics of advertising names given to cosmetic products. The purpose of work is to study the efficiency of the considered linguistic units influence on the addressee's perception, and to analyze the information value of these nominations. The associative experiment was carried out among Russian women within the framework of the study. The word trademarks of cosmetic products formed from toponyms and adjectival and genitive phrases were the stimulus material for the experiment. As a result, it was found out that the majority of advertising names for hair dyes, lipsticks, and lip gloss should be recognized ineffective from the point of view of informative value, because the ideas about color are noticeably different from the objective information which manufacturer or consumers demonstrate. The results of the study are of interest to advertising experts, marketing specialists and linguists, as well as the presented information can be useful in translation practice and creation of new advertising names. Conclusions are drawn that effectively operating advertising name is such a name that should be easily remembered, cause positive associations, be understandable to consumers, have emotional and evaluative connotation, which can appeal to the addressee's emotions, values.
Engagement Stance in the Illegitimate Discourse Practice
Authors: Katyshev Pavel , Bozhenkova Natalya
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with an interpersonal approach to the study of mediated political communication, that is aimed at the description of text impact capacity considered as tool of influence on group characteristic of an engaged object through the acceptance of the involving person's attitudes. The goal of the study was reached through rhetorical analysis, the methodology of critical discourse analysis and sociolinguistic theory of membership categorization. The concept of "engagement stance" is introduced and considered as metadiscourse characteristics of a communicative artefact reflecting the initiative of the subject (an initiator of engagement) whose purpose is to involve the audience to the ideology and practice of a terrorist organization. The study takes into account linguistic-parametric signs, significant for law enforcement practice, which make it possible to externalize the mindset to involve others in committing the crimes of an extremist (terrorist) orientation and to identify its verbal indicators. Rhetorical analysis of the engagement stance proves, that adaptation of the text type depends on the communicative intentions of the corporate author and shows text capacity for genre transformations caused by public circumstances, it is presented in the following characteristics: a) asymmetry as an interactional feature of the corporate subject and the object of an engagement action; b) perception of the corporate subject as an absolute truth holder, whose views acceptance is positioned as the only right decision for the object; c) the regulatory nature of the message aimed at receiving responses controlled by the sender (the corporate subject of an engagement).
Gender Differences in Disagreement Strategies in Oral Academic Discourse
Authors: Achkasov Andrei , Barsova Yana
Published: January 2021

The research aims to identify the gender differences in expressing disagreement in oral academic discourse. Examples containing explicit and implicit ways of expressing disagreement are collected through reading a corpus of texts chosen from the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE), including speech genres of seminar, discussion, defense of the dissertation and colloquium. Our study confirmed previous observations that utterances of explicit unmitigated disagreement or criticism are generally not typical of the American academic environment. The research findings reveal that both men and women tend to express disagreement explicitly using basic mitigation strategies. Unmitigated utterances with straightforward disagreement are infrequent and used mainly by teachers, which is most likely due to the other sociolinguistic variables apart from gender, and in particular by the status of speakers in teacher-student situations. Contrary to previous claims, men prefer the tactics of down-toning, represented by language patterns with the meaning of problematic certainty and subjectivity, as well as the use of lexical hedges. Female teachers recurrently use particular ways of implementing the tactics of mitigating implicit expression of disagreement, which may be specific of their individual styles. The research confirms that the distribution of particular language patterns across speakers should be taken into account when studying the gender aspects of communication.
Clinical Case Presentations: An Overview of an Exemplar Medical Speech Event
Authors: Guest Michael
Published: January 2021

Clinical case presentations are core medical speech events carried out in medical and teaching institutions worldwide among both students and active practitioners. While in most non-English speaking locales these events will usually be communicated in a local language they are also, on set occasions, often performed in English. In order to understand both how and why clinical case presentations are carried out in English in non-English speaking Asian locales, the author visited 8 medical universities and/or affiliated hospitals in 6 Asian countries, observing a total of 36 English clinical case presentations, followed by interviews with 25 different clinical practitioners, teachers, or medical students. The author then analyzed the collected speech event data in terms of Hymes' (1974) SPEAKING model, augmented by Swales' (1990) focus upon 'moves' in genre analysis, and further informed by Bhatia's (1994) introduction of a socio-cognitive dimension to genre analysis, in order to develop a well-rounded descriptive synoptic model of how this speech event is both perceived and performed in non-English speaking English settings. It is hoped that these insights can be further applied to the development of English for Medical Purposes (EMP) materials or curricula and that this case may serve as an exemplar for other inquiries into professional, situated ESP speech events.
HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROSECUTION BODIES
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after Arabaev, Merkanov Adilet
Published: January 2021

Nowadays in Kyrgyz Republic take a place huge reforms of prosecutors. The implementation of national projects requires a new quality of prosecutorial oversight so that the human rights and law enforcement potential of the prosecutor’s office really contributes to the development of a democratic rule of law. The prosecutor's office as one of the state legal institutions plays an extremely important role in the public and state life of the Kyrgyz Republic. As you know, the successful implementation of socio-economic and socio-political transformations in the state largely depends on existing laws, the observance of which the prosecutor's office is called upon to monitor.
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   Osh Technological University named after academician M. Adyshev, Abdiev Murat , Zhoroeva Altynai ,   Batken State University, Bekboeva Aida ,   NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC. INSTITUTE OF ECONOMY named after J. ALYSHBAEVA
Published: January 2021

Based on a study of the competitive and export-oriented food industry and the Kyrgyz milk processing industry, the article suggests the main directions of their development. The subject of the study is the competitiveness of dairy production in the context of economic integration, and the aim of the study is to determine the main directions of increasing the competitiveness of dairy production in the Kyrgyz Republic. Research methods: analytical, monographic research.
Semantic processing in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Moreno Campos Verónica , Montagut Asunción Maite , Pastor Cerezuela Gemma
Published: January 2021

El presente estudio analizó el procesamiento semántico de un grupo de niños con trastorno del espectro autista (n= 24), con el objetivo principal de averiguar si presentan diferencias en comparación con un grupo de niños con desarrollo típico (n = 24). Para ello, se realizó un análisis del contenido de los ítems del subtest de información del WPPSY-III, estableciendo una serie de categorías en función del tipo de demanda semántica requerida: asociación significante-significado, relación experiencial y conocimiento general. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan la idea de que los niños con autismo realizarían un procesamiento semántico de la información de la misma manera que los niños sin autismo, pero necesitarían más tiempo para asumir y establecer dicho procesamiento semántico.
Issues of Typology of Municipal Infrastructure
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Skripkina Tatyana
Published: January 2021

The subject of this work is the uneven development of infrastructure in municipal districts of the Russian Federation. The article presents the author’s method of typology of municipalities by the level of infrastructure development, which allows overcoming the shortcomings of the information base of municipal statistics using the data imputation algorithm. The proposed approach solves the problem of weak population structure using a combination of four methods of multidimensional statistics (cluster analysis, factor analysis, metric multidimensional scaling and discriminant analysis) in the framework of a combination of variational and aggregate concepts of data typology. The idea of the considered method is that if an object falls into the same type as a result of applying different typology methods, then it is a stable representative (“core”) of this type. A set of such objects for each type is used as training samples for discriminant analysis, which allows you to typologize the remaining transition objects using mathematical tools. The methodology was tested on a set of municipal districts of the Russian Federation (in 2018). There are 4 types of municipal districts with high, satisfactory, insufficient and low level of infrastructure development. As of 2018, 89 (5.1%) municipal districts of the Russian Federation have a high level of infrastructure development, 308 (17.6%) – satisfactory, 570 (32.6%) – insufficient, 783 (44.7%) – low. The inverse relationship between the level of infrastructure development of municipal districts and the degree of urbanisation of the territory is shown: the largest number of districts with highly developed infrastructure is located in territories with a significant share of the rural population.
cDNA synthesis using SuperScript™ IV v2
Authors: Angel Roey , Petrova Eva
Published: January 2021

The following protocol is intended as a downstream application for our Purification of RNA from a DNA/RNA Extract protocol. This protocol describes how to synthesise a first-strand non-specific complementary DNA (cDNA) from a purified RNA extract using SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase. The second strand synthesis is usually not required for most downstream applications. This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocol provided by the manufacturer.
Роль партий в публичной политике региона (напримере Алтайского края)
Authors: Шашкова Ярослава Юрьевна
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена анализу роли политических партий в формировании «повестки дня» в рамках регионального законотворческого процесса в современной России. Отмечается мировая тенденция лидерства СМИ в установлении общественной «повестки дня», сочетающаяся с развитием механизмов «мониторной демократии». На этом фоне картелизация политических партий приводит к снижению их коммуникативной роли и потенциала в публичной политике. Еще в более выраженной форме этот тренд присутствует в российской партийной системе. На материалах Алтайского края исследованы особенности участия региональных отделений политических партий в коммуникациях государства и общества при формировании «повестки дня», выделены три уровня организаций по степени их включенности в данный процесс. Особое внимание уделено деятельности партийных фракций в региональной легислатуре и официальных и неформальных общественных советах.
Управление через сотрудничество государства и общества: проблемы обоюдной ответственности
Authors: Тимофеева Лидия Николаевна
Published: January 2021

В статье дается авторская концепция управления через сотрудничество российского государства и общества на основе анализа социологических исследований, связанных с развитием их взаимоотношений в постсоветский период. В основу положена теория модернизации Р.Инглхарта и К.Вельцеля, которая опирается на основные выводы классических концепций модернизации К.Маркса и М.Вебера. Подлинная демократия зависит от степени соучастия народа в управлении. Эмансипация общества, способного к управлению через сотрудничество с государством, проходит через определенные этапы его модернизации: социально-экономическое развитие приводит к системному сдвигу от традиционных ценностей к ценностям самовыражения и создает условия для формирования демократических институтов. Эффективная демократия с большей вероятностью возникает в обществе, где носителями ценностей самовыражения являются более 45% населения. Естественно, что при возникновении угрозы физическому выживанию людей преобладающее значение получают ценности выживания, что ведет к упрочению института авторитаризма и тогда вопрос об управлении через сотрудничество государства и общества не актуален, либо это сотрудничество превращается в формальную демократию, когда имеются «бутафорские институты», гражданские и политические права, но правящая элита игнорирует их и действует по собственному усмотрению. Такая ситуация может спровоцировать неконвенциональные формы поведения граждан.
Сетевые механизмы формирования идентичностей
Authors: Мирошниченко Инна Валерьевна , Морозова Елена Васильевна
Published: January 2021

Сетевые механизмы формирования идентичностей представляют собой комплекс взаимосвязанных и взаимообусловленных практик в глобальном информационно-коммуникативном пространстве, способствующих индивидуальной и коллективной идентификации, интериоризации и рефлексии. Комплекс включает: механизм сетевой коммуникации, механизм рефлексивной включенности личности в публичное пространство, механизм сетевого топос-структурирования и механизм публичного краудсорсинга. Результаты эмпирического исследования показали, что функциональность механизма сетевой коммуникации для воспроизводства/позиционирования традиционных и конструирования новых идентичностей заключается в его цифровой природе (готовность и открытость к изменениям) и сетевым этосом (ориентация на интеграцию в сообщество разнообразных по ценностным ориентациям и статусам акторов, обеспечение сотрудничества между ними на основе выработки единого ценностно-нормативного комплекса). Механизм рефлексивной включенности индивидов в публичное пространство позволяет конструировать индивидуальным и коллективным акторам автономные социальные миры, требующие создания собственных виртуализированных публичных пространств, находящихся в тесной связи с общим социальным пространством. Комплекс сетевых механизмов формирует динамичную матрицу идентичности современного человека, позволяющую реализовать возможности для его развития в современных условиях формирования новой социальной реальности.
On Hardware Implementation of Balanced S-boxes
Authors:   Scientific and Research Institute Voskhod, Moscow, 119607, Russian Federation, Kurganov E. A.
Published: January 2021

An S-box is a non-linear transformation that takes n bits as input and returns m bits. This transformation is most easily represented as a nm lookup table. Most often, only balanced S-boxes are used in cryptography. This means that the number of input bits is equal to the number of output bits. The S-box is an important part of most symmetric ciphers. The selection of the correct substitution makes the link between the key and the ciphertext more complex (non-linear), which makes it much more difficult to hack. This paper deals with a hardware implementation of S-boxes. This implementation can be realized by using logical conjunction, disjunction, negation and delay blocks. The main indicator of productivity of such implementations is a circuit depth, namely the maximum length of a simple way of the circuit and a circuit complexity, namely the quantity of logic elements (negation elements are not taken into account). The article considers the standard synthesis methods (based on DNF, Shannon, Lupanov), proposes a new algorithm to minimize the complexity of an arbitrary Boolean functions system and a way to reduce the complexity of the circuit obtained after simplification by the ESPRESSO algorithm of DNF of the function related to the output of the S-box. To compare the efficiency of the methods, the C++ program was created that generates a circuit in the Verilog language. The estimates of depth and complexity are obtained for the schemes produced as a result of the programs operation. The article ends with a comparison of the efficiency of S-box schemes of known cryptographic standards obtained as the output of the program (with each other and with the result of the Logic Friday program).
How Do Toddlers Experience Digital Media? A Case Study of a 28-Month Old Child Learning to Use iPad
Authors: Zhukova M. , Kilani H. , Garcia J.L. , Tan M. , Parell P.D. , Hein S. , Grigorenko E.L.
Published: January 2021

Digital media is becoming increasingly prevalent in households and classroom settings lowering the age of fi rst exposure to technology; however, little is known about how children experience digital media and how their experiences relate to learning and social engagement. In this case study, we followed a 28-month-old boy in a naturalistic setting for 5 weeks, videotaping the process of his interactions with the iPad. Using a combination of video coding, screen recordings, and a formal academic assessment we evaluated the effects of digital media on specifi c learning outcomes, child affective states associated with gains in digital literacy, and the role of social interaction in the process of digital media exposure. We found that the number of errors predicted a signifi cant amount of the variance in the child’s levels of frustration, attentiveness, help-seeking behaviors, and persistence. Two main types of affect, confusion and attentiveness, predicted gains in his iPad profi ciency, providing important insights into the role of emotions in digital learning. With increased levels of iPad profi ciency, we observed an inconsistent pattern of child social engagement. This study is the fi rst, to our knowledge, to use a combination of qualitative observation data, standardized assessment, and quantitative analysis of a child’s behavior in the process of digital literacy learning.
Clinical and epidemiological features and medical and social characteristics of victims with injuries to the maxillofacial bones, according to the department of maxillofacial reconstructive plastic surgery of the national hospital of the ministry of health of the Kyrgyz Republic in 2010–2018
Authors: Urgunaliev Bakyt Kubanychbekovich , Yuldashev I. M. , Rakhmanov A. T. , Shayahmetov D. B.
Published: January 2021

Report. The authors studied the medical and social characteristics of victims with facial bone injuries based on archived data over a long period of time. It was found that the majority of patients were socially active, but not working men of young working age with secondary, higher or incomplete higher education. Most of them were permanent residents of rural areas. The most frequent injuries WERE domestic and seasonal (spring autumn), which was due to an increase in the frequency of street injuries, as well as injuries sustained by rural residents during seasonal agricultural work, as well as an increase in the frequency of road accidents.Analysis of the system of specialized medical care showed that most of the victims were hospitalized, bypassing the stage of clinical diagnosis and treatment, independently in the form of self-treatment.A high frequency of delayed treatment and hospitalization of victims in medical institutions was found, which was associated with the remoteness of the place of permanent residence, material problems, inadequate outpatient treatment at the place of residence , as well as diagnostic errors at the pre-hospital stage.
Prevalence of damage to the jaw, cheekbones, nose and orbital zone according to the department of maxillofacial reconstructive and plastic surgery of the national hospital of the ministry of health of the kyrgyz republic in 2010–2018
Authors: Urgunaliev Bakyt K. , Yuldashev I. M. , Shayahmetov D. B. , Kuramaeva U. K.
Published: January 2021

The article presents a systematic literature review of data on fractures of the jaws, middle part of the face. The types, causes of injuries of maxillofacial area are considered. It highlighted the main methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients with lesions of the middle face. The retrospective analysis of the history of the diseases indicates the need for comprehensive studies aimed at studying the frequency, structure, and location of damage to the middle facial bones in modern conditions.
Evaluation of the esthetic results of dental restoration using the interdisciplinary approach to orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with aedentia
Authors: Yumashev A. V. , Dzalaeva Fatima K. , Chikunov S. O. , Utyuzh A. S. , Dzhagaeva Z. K.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To study the dynamics of esthetic indicators during orthopedic dental treatment of patients requiring full-mouth rehabilitation.

Materials and methods. Within the study, an examination and treatment of 647 patients with adentia requiring full-mouth rehabilitation were carried out. Patients were divided into three groups. In the first group (218 people), the treatment with standard orthopedic dentistry techniques was performed. The medical care of the second group (195 people) included only several elements of the multidisciplinary approach, while for the third group (234 people), only the interdisciplinary approach was applied. The monitoring of involved patients was carried out for seven years.

Results. The application of the developed integrated multidisciplinary approach to orthopedic rehabilitation contributes to the fact that patients with adentia have a more favorable dynamics of esthetic indicators in relation to those who underwent a standard complex of treatment and rehabilitation measures. Thus, a statistically significant decrease was noted in the number of patients with the vertical shift of the smile line; smile asymmetry; gingival displacement; the impaired position of the incisors and fangs; mispronunciation of F and S sounds; inaccurate buccal tube placement; negative changes in the visualization of central incisors under the red border of the lips; differences in the size of the upper and lower central incisors; inadequate proximal contacts; and the inclination of the lower incisors.

Conclusions. The use of an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of patients with adentia requiring full-mouth rehabilitation contributes to the constant improvement of aesthetic characteristics of the maxillofacial area.
Regional anesthesia and COVID-19
Authors: Safin Rustam R. , Koriachkin V. A. , Geraskov E. V. , Zabolotskii D. V.
Published: January 2021

In the light of the spread of COVID-19, the anesthesiology services has been challenged with an urgent need to ensure safety of the practicing professionals. Suggesting no manipulations on face-to-face contacts, regional anesthesia has proved to be the most appropriate method of anesthesia in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review outlines indications for recommending regional anesthesia to patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and offers safety rules of its conduction. Any detailed and substantiated treatment plan for the patient category under discussion shall enable not only the recovery of the patient, but also the safety of the medical workers.
Anaesthetic care of patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty: evolution of views
Authors: Ovechkin Alexei M. , Politov M. E. , Panov N. V. , Sokologorsky S. V.
Published: January 2021

Operations of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and knee joints (TKA) are among the most frequently performed surgical interventions. At the same time, there is still no consensus regarding the choice of the optimal method of anesthesia for these operations. The review analyzes the approaches to the anesthetic provision of THA and TKA in different countries and different clinics of the same country. The tendencies of a gradual increase in the share of neuraxial anesthesia techniques in the structure of anesthesia for THA and TKA are presented. Based on a number of large population studies, an analysis of the effect of the anesthesia method on the early postoperative period and the results of surgical treatment in general is given. The positive role of epidural and spinal anesthesia, in comparison with general anesthesia, in the complex of anesthetic management of operations on the joints of the lower extremities has been shown.
Excretion of ropivacaine with breast milk during prolonged analgesia of a postoperative wound
Authors: Vinokurova А. А. , Hofenberg M. A. , Bagin V. A. , Dubrovin S. G. , Rudnov V. A.
Published: January 2021

The aimof our study was to evaluate the safety of ropivacaine given to lactating patients as a continuous infusion according to the selected local continuous wound infiltration (CWI) protocol after cesarean section (CS).
Materials and methods.Elective CSs were performed under spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine 5% -2 ml at the L2L3 level. At the end of the operation, a 22 cm multiperforated catheter was placed in the surgical wound under the aponeurosis. 3 hours after spinal anesthesia a loading dose 8 ml of 0.2% ropivacaine was administered and followed by continuous infusion at rate 4 mL/h for 48 hours. Aside from CWI, all patients received systemic anesthesia: acetaminophen 4000 mg per os, ketorolac 90 mg IV and rescue opioid tramadol up to 400 mg (as-needed) daily. Breast milk (colostrum) samples were collected after 24 and 48 hours after a loading dose and were analyzed by gas chromatography with a mass selective detector for total ropivacaine concentrations.
Results.The number of patients included in the study was 8. During the study neither cases of the onset of symptoms associated with systemic toxicity of ropivacaine, nor allergic and infectious complications, were observed. The mean +- SD Cmax total colostrum ropivacaine concentration was 0.005 0.002 (0.002 0.007) g / ml.
Conclusion.In this limited sample, increasing the concentration or/and infusion rate seems to be a safe (for both mother and newborn) alternative or adjunct to standard systemic analgesia after CS in order to provide proper postoperative pain control.
Influence of the anterior chamber depth on the accuracy of the intraocular lens optical power calculation in short eyes
Authors: Tsygankov Alexander Yu. , Pershin Kirill B. , Pashinova Nadezhda F. , Likh Ivan A. , Akhrarov Abdusamad A.
Published: January 2021

Background. The calculation of the optical strength of the intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes with a short anterior-posterior axis presents significant difficulties due to non-standard anatomical parameters of the eye, including the anterior chamber depth. Aim: determination of the relationship between the anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the accuracy of the IOL optical power calculation in eyes with an axial length of less than 22 mm. Methods. A total of 86 patients (133 eyes) with a short axis from 18.54 to 21.98 (20.7 0.9) mm, were included in the study. Group I (n = 29, 40 eyes) consisted of patients with ACD of less than 2.5 mm. Group II (n = 30, 49 eyes) included patients with ACD from 2.5 to 2.9 mm Group III (n = 27, 44 eyes) included patients with ACD greater than 2.9 mm. The calculation of the IOL optical power was carried out according to the formula SRK/T, the retrospective comparison was performed according to the Hoffer Q, Holladay II, Olsen, Haigis and Barrett Universal II formulas. Results. In all three groups, there was an increase in UCVA and BCVA in the postoperative period. In group I, there were no significant differences when comparing MedAE for the six formulas (p 0.05). The highest MedAE values (0.51 and 0.49 respectively) and the smaller MNE range (-0.03 0.89 and -0.01 0.97 respectively) are shown for the Haigis and Barrett Universal II formulas. In group II, the MedAE for the Haigis formula was 0.45, for SRK/T and Olsen it was 0.59 and 0.66. For the Haigis formula, the lowest MNE value (0.05 0.69) is shown. In group III, no significant differences were found when comparing the average values of MedAE (р 0.05). The lowest MedAE (0.17) and the best MNE values (-0.01 0.58) are shown for the Haigis formula, while the SRK/T formula was characterized by the highest MedAE (0.37). In group II, the refractive index 0.25 and 0.50 D for the Haigis formula was significantly higher. Conclusion. For eyes with ACD of less than 2.4 mm, none of the formulas showed a significant advantage, while for ACD of 2.42.9 mm and higher, the use of the Haigis formula is recommended, and the SRK / T formula showed the worst result. The data obtained dictate the need to review the existing standards for calculating the IOL optical power in patients with short eyes depending on ACD.
Regulatory T cells, CD4+CD25+FOXР3+CD127LOW, in patients with vulgar psoriasis
Authors: Olisova O. Yu. , Bykovskaia S. N. , Gudova V. V.
Published: January 2021

Aims. To determine the role of regulatory cells (Treg) in patients with vulgar psoriasis (VP) and to provide evidence of its possible role in diagnosis, treatment, and measurement of therapeutic efficacy.
Material and methods. We studied 60 patients (35 women and 25 men) with VP, ages ranging from 18 to 55 years. Of these, 28 patients had VP in the progressive stage, 19 were stable, and 8 had resolution of the disease. Overall, 42 patients had VP for less than 20 years and 28 patients for 20 years and more. Patients were divided based on VP severity into the following three groups: mild (10 patients), moderate (22 patients), and severe (28 patients). In addition, the amount of Treg was examined before and after narrow-band ultraviolet-B (UVB) therapy in 12 patients with the progressive stage of VP. The healthy donors (HD) group consisted of 22 persons.
Results. A reduction in the number of Treg, CD4+CD25+Foxр3+CD127LOW, was observed in the peripheral blood of patients with VP (2.84% 1.00% for patients with VP and 4.02% 0.73% for HD), with an increase in their number with stage transition (2.59% 0.68% in the progressive stage, 2.82% 1.55% in stable, and 3.68% 1.62% in the resolution period). An inverse correlation was determined not only between the number of Treg and the degree of VP severity (r = -0.39) but also with disease duration (r = -0.46). In addition, NB-UVB phototherapy was noted to promote an increase in the amount of Treg.
Evaluation of subpopulations of T lymphocytes in psoriasis patients during therapy
Authors: Kochergin N. G. , Paramonov A. A. , Kayumova L. N.
Published: January 2021

The immune cells and cytokines are involved in the initiation and development of psoriatic inflammation. Nonetheless, the role of T-cell subpopulations in psoriasis is not fully understood. Our work presents the results of a study to determine the level, phenotype, and clinical significance of certain subpopulations of peripheral T cells of patients with psoriasis during therapies. We observed 68 patients with psoriasis (30 men and 36 women) who were divided into two groups depending of the treatment (selective phototherapy and selective phototherapy plus methotrexate). Healthy volunteers (10 men and 12 women) were included as the control group. Subpopulations of T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, Treg) were determined using flow cytometry. Interleukins levels (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF, IFN) were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were used for treatment efficacy assessment. A moderate correlation was observed between PASI and Treg (R = -0.38), CD3+ (R = -0.30), CD4+ (R = -0.32), and CD8+ (R = 0.42). A significant correlation was noted between DLQI and Treg (R = -0.38), CD3+ (R = -0.30), CD4+ (R = -0.35), and CD8+ (R = 0.35), thereby indicating a tendency to restore the balance of lymphocyte subpopulations during therapy. This tendency was most pronounced in the group treated using methotrexate and selective phototherapy.
A difficult patient at a cosmetologist appointment: early lip changes in women smokers: causes, and methods of correction
Authors: Shirshakova M. A. , Morozova Elena A.
Published: January 2021

A smokers lips are more likely to change because of exposure to reactive oxygen species that contain oxygen in large quantities in tobacco smoke. Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in the development of smoking-related diseases, such as oral cancer, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. The damaging effect occurs because of the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and their detoxification. Markers of oxidative stress include parameters of lipid peroxidation, the activity of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative DNA damage. The destruction of hyaluronic acid (HA), the only drug used to correct lip changes, in smokers is accelerated by its participation in reactions with active oxygen forms, and not just by pathemization because of enzymatic cleavage by hyaluronidase. Mannitol has strong antioxidant properties, which makes it an ideal auxiliary substance in the composition of fillers based on HA. The role of reactive oxygen species in the aging process and their effects on both endogenous HA and HA-based drugs developed for esthetic use are discussed. A review of drugs, based on mannitol with hyaluronic fillers, is provided. The inclusion of mannitol in hyaluronic fillers is an effective and safe way to improve both short-term and long-term esthetic effects of the HA injection.
Atrophoderma vermiculatum: clinical presentation features, differential diagnosis
and treatment
Authors: Vishnevskaya O. A. , Shnakhova L. M.
Published: January 2021

Atrophoderma vermiculata is a rare, benign, follicular dermatosis localized in an esthetically important facial skin zone, which results in superficial scars formation. The disease usually occurs at the age of 512 years and may be autosomal-dominantly inherited. This type of dermatosis may be associated with other congenital abnormalities and some hereditary diseases, such as Marfan syndrome, neurofibromatosis, congenital heart defects, and mental retardation similar to Downs syndrome. The authors also analyze the typical clinical presentations of atrophoderma vermiculata, from their own clinical experience, conduct a detailed analysis of differential diagnosis with other dermatoses, and provide contemporary therapeutic methods and approaches to this skin disorder.
COMBINED PHOTOINDUCED PATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN AND EYES IN PATIENTS WITH DERMATOHELIOSIS
Authors: Snarskaya Elena S. , Awad Zhaber Mukhamed , Shnahova L. M
Published: January 2021

Modern information on the mechanisms of the damaging effect of UV radiation on the skin and the eye is presented, constitutional phototype skin (according to the Fitzpatrick scale) and clinical stages of skin photoaging are described (according to R. Glogau). The range of clinical changes arising on the background of solar elastosis can vary depending on the anatomical site of the lesion and include a number of dermatoses included in the concept of solar elastosis syndromes, resulting in the development of malignant dermatoses. Depending on the type of UV exposure - sporadic short-term or systematic long-term, acute and chronic pathological processes caused by the action of UV may develop. The development of eyelid neoplasms (basal cell, metatypical, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma), solar keratosis of the conjunctiva, pterygium, cataract, and macular retinal degeneration may result from the systematic UV irradiation of the organs of vision.
VITILIGO AND COMORBID PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS
Authors: Varzhapetyan Asmik A. , Dorozhenok I. Yu , Lomonosov K. M
Published: January 2021

Vitiligo is a chronic idiopathic disease characterized by appearance of depigmented spots and discolored hairs in various parts of the body due to the destruction and reducing the number of melanocytes. Despite the absence of somatogenic appearance psychosomatic aspects of vitiligo are extremely relevant to study in view of high psychosocial significance associated with the pronounced stigmatizing effects. 62 vitiligo patients were examined. Among comorbid psychosomatic disorders there were found out psychogenic manifestations - 25 (40.3%) and nosogenic reactions due to stress effect of the dermatosis - 37 (50.7%): sociophobic - 17, masked hypochondria - 13, overvalued hypochondria of beauty - 7 patients. Psychogenic manifestations with the participation of objectively severe and subjectively significant factors can attribute vitiligo to psychosomatic skin diseases. In the clinical picture of nosogenic disorders, various forms of dissociation between the prevalence of dermatosis and subjective reaction to the cosmetic defect were revealed, which is due to the structure of the personality and somatoperceptive accentuation of the patient. The results can be implemented in dermatological practice, which will significantly optimize the treatment and compliance of patients with vitiligo. Objective: a complex clinical (dermatological, psychopathological) and psychological study of psychosomatic disorders in vitiligo.
RARE FORMS OF LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA
Authors: Dubensky V. V , Nekrasova Elizaveta G. , Dubensky Vl. V , Aleksandrova O. A , Muraveva E. S , Ivanova A. S
Published: January 2021

Scleroderma is a multiorgan disease characterized by progressive lesions of the connective tissue with a predominance of fibro-sclerotic and vascular disorders in the skin, musculoskeletal system, and also in the internal organs. The observation of the bullous form of localized scleroderma and scleroatrophic lichen is presented.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MICROPLASMA PIXEL RF TECHNOLOGY OF THE ACCENT PRIME MULTI-FUNCTION DEVICE FOR RADIO FREQUENCY AND ULTRASOUND THERAPY
Authors: Pinson I. Ya , Olisova O. Yu , Verhkoglyad I. V , Snarskaya Elena Sergeevna
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of the latest Pixel RF microplasma nozzle for the Accent Prime device (Alma Lasers, Israel), which allows to use cold plasma for the correction of skin pathology with minimal patient rehabilitation time, quick tissue regeneration and maximum procedure efficiency. Innovative roller nozzles with many spicule electrodes provide local penetration of plasma radio-frequency charges with the formation of microchannels in the skin with a zone of thermal plasma damage. We observed 12 women aged 30 to 40 years with manifestations of involutional skin changes in the form of wrinkles. The procedures were carried out according to the method of processing each skin crease 1 time in 2 weeks 3-4 procedures per course with research before treatment and 6 weeks after the end of the course. The procedures were performed with an individual selection of energy for each patient in the range of 10-12 watts. Studies after a course of procedures with the Microplasma Pixel RF nozzle demonstrated an improvement in the skin microrelief pattern, namely, a decrease in wrinkling by 27% from the initial level and a relief reduction by 15.67%.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF DRUG TOXIDERMIA BY THE METHOD OF STIMULATED BARIUM SULFATE LUMINOL-DEPENDENT CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF LEUKOCYTES
Authors: Teplyuk N. P , Shimanovskiy N. L , Semeykin A. V , Kadyrova Zilola S.
Published: January 2021

Objective. the determination of ibuprofen, paracetamol, nimesulide, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone effect on barium sulfate-stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of leukocytes (SLHL) in patients with drug toxidermy, which occurred after taking these drugs, and the control group for the selection of the drug for replacement therapy. Material and methods. there were 67 patients (44 women and 23 men) with drug toxidemia. 22.4% patients had drug toxidermia after taking ibuprofen, 20.9% patients had drug toxidermia after taking paracetamol, 19.4% patients had drug toxidermia after taking nimesulide, 20.9% patients had drug toxidermia after taking amoxicillin, 16.4% patients had drug toxidermia after taking ceftriaxone and a control group consisting of 67 people (42 women and 25 men), who previously took these drugs without any adverse reactions. The study participants were aged 18 to 75 years, median 53. Measurement SLHL of leukocytes was performed on the Lum-100 chemiluminometer. The calculations were carried out using the computer program «PowerGraph». Results. during the influence of ibuprofen, paracetamol, nimesulide, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone on the blood of patients with intolerance to these drugs and the control group dose-dependent changes in SLHL were observed. The relative intensity and light sum of blood SLHL in patients were significantly lower than in the control group at all studied drug concentrations (p < 0.01). The relative intensity and light sum of blood SLHL in patients were significantly lower in samples with the drug that caused the development of the disease than with drugs for replacement therapy (p < 0.01). At a minimum concentration of these drugs, there are no significant differences between these indicators (p > 0.05). Conclusion. During the influence of ibuprofen, paracetamol, nimesulide, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone on the blood of patients with intolerance to these drugs and the control group, a dose-dependent change in SLHL is observed. The relative intensity and light sum of SLHL blood in patients are significantly lower than that of the control group at all studied concentrations of the drug (p < 0.01). The relative intensity and light sum of blood SLHL in patients were significantly lower in samples with the drug, which caused the development of the disease, in the maximum concentration than with drugs for replacement therapy (p < 0.01). In the minimum concentration, there were no significant differences in indicators (p > 0.05). The revealed significant differences in SLHL indices allow applying the chemiluminescent method for the diagnosis of intolerance to ibuprofen, paracetamol, nimesulide, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone and for a personalized selection of drugs for replacement therapy.
Quality of life assessment in patients with acute limb ishemia
Authors: Sinyavin Gennady V. , Kosenkov Aleksandr N. , Vinоkurоv Ivan A. , Mnatsakanjan Gevorg V. , Odinokova Sanija N. , Meshherjakov Aleksandr F. , Belov Jurij V.
Published: January 2021

Background. In conditions of permanent progress in the quality of surgical care in various areas of surgery, it is very important to allow patients themselves to evaluate provided treatment.
Aims: this paper analyzes the quality of life in individuals with acute lower limb ischemia who have undergone lower limb revascularization surgery.
Materials and methods. An assessment of the quality of life of 122 patients with acute lower limb ischemia (ALI) of II degree who were treated at the Moscow Сity Сlinical Hospital оf S.S. Yudin from 2016 to 2018 (average age 72.1 14.7 years) was performed. The quality of life was assessed using the medical Outcomes Study-Short Form (MOS SF-36) quality of life assessment methodology.
Results. When assessing the quality of life of patients, it was found that the psychological and physical components of patients health are significantly affected by the angiotropic effect of the affecting factor associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus. 1 month after surgical restoration of blood flow against the background of the initial embolism, 83.6% of the respondents who did not suffer from diabetes noted a persistent improvement in their General condition and quality of life.
Conclusion. This method of assessing the quality of life after surgical restoration of blood flow in patients with acute lower limb ischemia can be used in angiosurgical practice and clearly reflects of patient satisfaction with the treatment.
Progressing radiation injury of the rectum. Clinical observation
Authors: Skvortsova T. E. , Oganezova I. А.
Published: January 2021

Radiation damage to the rectum is the most common complication in radiation therapy of malignancies of pelvic organs. Clinical manifestations of chronic radiation proctitis can occur both 3 months after completion of therapy and decades later. Late radiation injuries to the intestine often has a persistent course, drug treatment is prolonged and repeated, in severe cases surgical treatment is required. The article presents literature data on pathophysiology, clinical picture, diagnostics and possibilities of treating this pathology. A clinical case reflecting the progressive course of the disease is described.