bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Master Narratives surrounding Rural Emerging Adult Migration: Resources for Postsecondary Decision-making in Rural Communities
Authors: Hartman Cindy L. , Seaman Jayson , Coppens Andrew D. , Sharp Erin Hiley , Jusseaume Sarah , Donovan Molly
Published: November 2024

This study examined the cultural messages informing postsecondary decision-making processes surrounding emerging adult migration from/to a predominately rural state in the northeastern U.S. Utilizing an ecological approach to sampling, this study used 27 interviews and 5 focus groups of stakeholders working in educational, employment, and quality of life sectors. Narrative analysis yielded evidence of a predominant master narrative of migration as a developmental requirement during emerging adulthood. Stakeholders spoke of normative and prescriptive expectations that emerging adults particularly in rural areas orient their plans and decision-making around, including leaving their home communities for developmental reasons. Implications for emerging adult development and migration and future research on identity formation vis-a-vis master narratives are discussed.
Mentor–Protégé Matching Regarding Communication Relates to Career Attitudes
Authors: O’Brien Kimberly E. , Mann Kyle J. , Woody Brendon A.
Published: November 2024

In this study, we investigate the role of matching communication (i.e., relational messages received) in mentoring outcomes (mentor and protégé career attitudes). Specifically, we used data from a sample of 145 matched mentor–protégé dyads in a response surface analysis to show that matched relational messaging generally relates to mentors (and less consistently, protégés) reporting enhanced career satisfaction and career commitment. Furthermore, our findings are consistent with previous research showing that when relational messages (i.e., intimacy) or self-disclosure are matched at high or low (i.e., more extreme) levels, the mentor and protégé have the best outcomes. Additionally, beneficial mentor outcomes were maximized when levels of seriousness were matched at a moderate level. These results suggest that both levels of relational messaging, as well as the degree to which mentors and protégé match on these constructs influences mentoring outcomes. Study limitations, future directions for research, and implications for career development are discussed.
Continuous fiber printing path generation based on Euler diagram division
Authors: Bai Qingyun , Dai Ning , Zhang Zeyang , Chen Yuxin , Dai Hongqing
Published: November 2024

Continuous fiber printed structures are widely used in aerospace applications because of their excellent performance and high design freedom. Existing path planning methods optimize the continuous fiber printing direction by stress lines or discrete angles, but these methods are far from perfect printing paths and lack planning for connectivity relations. In this study, a planning method for continuous fiber printing paths based on constructing Eulerian circuits from a weighted undirected graph is proposed. The principal stress lines are transformed into a weighted undirected graph, which divides the Eulerian subgraph by splitting the common nodes to plan the continuous fiber printing path circuit. Subsequently, the printing structure parameters are optimized based on simulation analysis. The experimental results, taking MBB (Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm) beams as an example, show that the printing path designed in this paper improves the structural strength by 52.9% and the structural stiffness by 81.7% compared with the conventional printing path.
Examining the Interrelation Between Microcredit, Entrepreneurship and Women’s Empowerment: An Insight into the Effectiveness of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)
Authors: Rathee Seema , Aggarwal Deepanshi
Published: November 2024

The present research unleashes the interrelation between microcredit, entrepreneurship and women’s empowerment in the context of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY). In light of this, a structured questionnaire designed to capture the study’s features was given to woman respondents who were residents of the six administrative regions of Haryana in order to gather their responses. The study takes into account 360 respondents. Primary data were collected from July 2023 to March 2024. Logit and ologit regression models were used to evaluate how strongly the chosen variables related to women’s employability. Wilcoxon sign test, a non-parametric test, has been used to determine whether the well-being of the woman respondents differed between the two stages (pre and post Mudra loan). The outcomes of the study revealed that there is a positive interconnection between microcredit, entrepreneurship and women’s empowerment. Further, there has been a considerable increase in the respondents’ economic, social, political and psychological empowerment when compared to the pre- Mudra loan phase. Moreover, the results showed that credit assistance under PMMY schemes helps in job creation.
Navigating Acculturation: Overcoming Challenges and Creating Pathways to Well-Being for Central Asian Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Childress Saltanat , Shrestha Nibedita , Russ Shirley , Feinberg Mark , Berge Jerica , Lewin Amy , Roy Kevin , Perez-Brena Norma , Halfon Neal
Published: November 2024

This study explores the adaptations of recent immigrants from Central Asia (CA) to the United States. Using qualitative grounded theory analysis of narratives from 42 immigrants, gathered through semi-structured interviews and focus groups, acculturation, life course development, resilience, and intersectionality frameworks were applied to the analysis. Participants included 21 women and 21 men aged 22 to 45. Three major themes emerged. The first theme highlights acculturative challenges and stress, including shifts in gender roles, professional status, and family values. The second theme addresses barriers to seeking help, stemming from ideological and practical constraints. The third theme emphasizes opportunities and positive outlooks on life in the United States for immigrants and their children. The study underscores implications for practice and policy, along with avenues for future research.
Mechanical attributes of fractal dragons
Authors: Phan Huy TQ , Bui Duc M , Than Cong T , Phan Trung V
Published: November 2024

Fractals are ubiquitous natural emergences that have gained increased attention in engineering applications, thanks to recent technological advancements enabling the fabrication of structures spanning across many spatial scales. We show how the geometries of fractals can be exploited to determine their important mechanical properties, such as the first and second moments, which physically correspond to the center of mass and the moment of inertia, using a family of complex fractals known as the dragons.
High Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Values Before Treatment Predict Poor Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Topkan Erkan , Kucuk Ahmet , Ozturk Duriye , Ozkan Emine Elif , Kılıç Durankuş Nilüfer , Şenyürek Şükran , Selek Ugur , Pehlivan Berrin
Published: November 2024

Background:

The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is an effective tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer. However, its value in patients with locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (LA-PDAC) undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy has yet to be addressed. Therefore, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the prognostic significance of the pretreatment SII on the survival outcomes of patients with unresectable LA-PDAC treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C-CRT).

Methods:

The study included 163 patients with LA-PDAC who had received C-CRT. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the utility of a pre-C-CRT cutoff that could stratify survival results was investigated. The primary and secondary endpoints were the correlations between SII levels and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results:

At a median follow-up period of 15 months (range: 3.2-94.5), the median OS and PFS rates for the entire group were 15.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.4-17.9), and 7.8 months (95% CI: 6.1-9.4), respectively. We divided the patients into 2 SII cohorts based on the ROC curve analysis (area under the curve [AUC]: 71.9%; sensitivity: 68.9%; specificity: 66.7%): SII < 538 (N = 70) and SII ⩾ 538 (N = 93). Comparative survival analysis showed significantly inferior median OS (13.0 vs 25.4 months; P < .001) and PFS (7.0 vs 15.2 months; P = .003) in patients with SII ⩾ 538 compared with those with SII < 538 before treatment. In multivariate analyses, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance of 2, N1-2 lymph node, CA 19-9 > 90 U/mL, and SII ⩾ 538 status emerged as independent prognosticators of inferior OS and PFS.

Conclusions:

Present results indicate that patients with unresectable LA-PDAC who underwent C-CRT and had a pretreatment SII ⩾ 538 had significantly worse OS and PFS outcomes compared with those with lower SII values.
Individuals With Extensive Support Needs and Mixed Methods Research: A Systematic Literature Review Across Education Subfields
Authors: Roberts Carly A. , Snodgrass Melinda R. , Love Hailey R. , Badgett Natalie M. , Gilson Carly B. , Yang Xueyan , Peterson Jeremy
Published: November 2024

Mixed methods research (MMR) can support enhanced understanding of complex educational issues, like the inclusion and support of individuals with disabilities in community and school settings. In this systematic review, we explored the extent to which MMR has been used in research exclusively focused on disability across special education (SPED), general education (GE), and disability studies in education (DSE; n = 115 studies). We examined research explicitly considering individuals with extensive support needs (ESNs) in this literature. We highlight the prevalence of MMR exploring topics relevant to individuals with ESN and features of this body of work, including (a) participants in these studies, (b) the presence of theoretical and/or conceptual framing for the research, (c) the goals/aims of the research studies, (d) the purposes for mixing, and (e) the data-generation methods used by the authors. We discuss patterns in the data that reflect differences across subfields, presumptions of competence, and ways ableism shapes research studies. Implications for research and practice to improve inclusive experiences for individuals with ESN are discussed.
Exploratory analysis of fight-ending punches in the Ultimate Fighting Championship™ mixed martial arts promotion
Authors: Barley Oliver R. , Doherty Colin S. , Scanlan Mark , Tapsell Liam C , Wilson Corey , Giustiniano Julian , Plush Matthew G. , Vial Shayne
Published: November 2024

Punching is a crucial element of mixed martial arts (MMA), often leading to knockouts (KO) or technical knockouts (TKOs). This study explored the relative foot positions of athletes, their stances, punch type executed, and the reliability of these variables to provide insights into effective punch application in MMA. We retrospectively examined MMA contests from the Ultimate Fighting Championship that ended via KO/TKO (2020 to 2022). Data were sourced from publicly available videos on the internet. Three analysts, each with at least three years of experience in striking combat sports and competitive MMA, conducted observations independently. Only critical strikes where all analysts agreed on the time and type of punch were included. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using the Cohen's kappa coefficient statistic (K). The k-means cluster analyses were used to identify the most frequently occurring front foot positions (FFP) and punch types (PT). All variables, except for the back foot position, demonstrated substantial or greater reliability (K = 0.64–0.92). Out of 271 contests, the most common fight-ending punches were the rear straight (n = 77, 29.2%), front hook (n = 71, 26.9%), and rear hook (n = 63, 23.9%). According to the cluster analysis, overall, the most common PT for athletes of the same stance was an outside FFP with a rear straight punch (n = 35, 14.4%). For competitors in opposite stances, the most common FFP was outside, with a rear hook punch (n = 16, 22.8%). Identifying common PTs, FFPs, and stances offers valuable insights for technical coaching and talent identification, aiding in refining training methods and improving MMA performance.
How Lenny the bot convinces you that he is a person: Storytelling, affiliations, and alignments in multi-unit turns
Authors: Relieu Marc
Published: November 2024

This research delves into the world of conversation analysis, focusing on the unique conversational agent, Lenny. In contrast to most modern AI-based chatbots, Lenny employs a minimalistic approach, utilizing pre-recorded turns to engage with unsolicited callers and extend interactions. The study aims to dissect how Lenny’s long turns contribute to displaying ‘his’ personhood. By analyzing Lenny’s long turn in interaction, we uncover how it consolidates Lenny’s relatable character. Through analysis of a corpus of recorded interactions, the paper highlights the role of turn design in simulating human-like interactions. Ultimately, this research offers insights into the interplay between scripted content and human understanding in live conversations.
The era of hypertext poetry: A study on the digital presentation of visual poetry
Authors: Liu Siyu , Wang Guangwen
Published: November 2024

Visual poetry is a creative form that combines poetry with visual art. Nowadays, visual poetry is gradually changing under the influence of the digital age, which is called “hypertext poetry” to a certain extent. This paper is based on the present situation of the literature and some existing theories such as visual principle, visual presentation, information structure, and so on. From the classic cases in the long development of “visual poetry” and the outstanding presentation style of “visual poetry” in the Internet era as the material support, this paper summarizes the presentation mode of “visual poetry” at present, and looks forward to its future trend and development direction.
Using Pregnancy and Parenting Apps and Social Media During COVID-19: Absence and Sociality, Agency and Cultural Negotiations for South Asian–Origin Women in Australia
Authors: Khorana Sukhmani , DeSouza Ruth , Chitranshi Bhavya
Published: November 2024

This article reports on and analyses data from a situated and in-depth project on the experiences of six cisgender South Asian-Australian women/people who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, negatively racialized women experienced barriers to health care and a lack of social support, which were further exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. International border closures in Australia combined with local mitigation strategies inhibited social and cultural support from families, impacting many migrant mothers/birthing people who gave birth for the first time in Australia. Many hospitals in the states of New South Wales and Victoria instituted restrictions to birthing services as a way of reducing exposure to the coronavirus during the pandemic. Our research suggests that pre-existing limitations of health care providers, digital platforms, and apps with regard to culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women in Australia have been amplified during the pandemic. Online Facebook groups from the mothers’ countries of origin or cultural backgrounds, or for mothers who had babies due in the same month, represented a significant source of information and support for the participants. This was particularly important at a time when women’s capacities to engage in traditional cultural practices, which provide practical, emotional, and informational support, were compromised by the inability to garner familial support. We situate these findings in the literature on “performing good motherhood” in neoliberal times and via reliance on digital devices and platforms and what it means for CALD women’s sociality, sense of agency, and negotiations with cultural practices.
Exudative Vitreoretinopathy With a Coats-Like Response in Poretti-Boltshauser Syndrome
Authors: Shah Serena , da Cruz Natasha Ferreira Santos , Lopez-Font Francisco , Staropoli Patrick , Berrocal Audina
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To report a unique case of retinal exudation consistent with a Coats-like response and associated with mutations in LAMA1, confirming the diagnosis of Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome. Methods: A case and its findings were analyzed. Results: A 24-year-old woman presented with mild peripheral avascularity, circumferential membranes at the edge of the vascularized retina, exudation, numerous vessels with aneurysmal changes, and inferior retinal elevation in both eyes. Molecular Vision Laboratory panel testing (Molecular Vision Laboratory Corp) found 2 variants in the LAMA1 gene, confirming a diagnosis of Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome. Treatment with bevacizumab and sub-Tenon triamcinolone provided no improvement. Eventually, scleral buckling with pars plana vitrectomy was performed, which reattached the retina but did not improve visual acuity. Conclusions: This report shows the importance of investigating for an underlying genetic disorder in young patients with atypical exudation and abnormal vasculature and the persistent progression and challenging treatment course of patients presenting with Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome.
Adolescent Perspectives on a School-Based Mind-Body Intervention
Authors: Pike Julie M. , Panoch Janet E. , Haberlin-Pittz Kathryn M. , Hannon Tamara S.
Published: November 2024

Background

Poor mental health among adolescents increased over the last decade prompting recommendations for school-based primary prevention programs that promote mental health. Mind-body modalities offer an evidence-based approach to support well-being, however few studies have evaluated the adolescent experience of participating in these groups.

Objective

To engage high school students in a mind-body skills group (MBSG) to assess acceptability in an afterschool setting, learn about the adolescent experience of participating in a MBSG, and get recommendations to enhance program acceptability. To collect preliminary data on mindfulness, social support, emotional regulation, and quality of life.

Methods

Ten high school students participated in an afterschool MBSG. A focus group was conducted 1-week post-intervention. Surveys were administered at baseline, 1-week post-intervention (T1), and 10-weeks post-intervention (T2). The research team used qualitative thematic analysis with inductive and thematic coding. Descriptive statistics of survey scores were calculated, but the study was not powered to detect statistical significance.

Results

Participants deemed the group to be acceptable. They valued the sense of community derived from the group and enjoyed learning a variety of mind-body skills. Participants recommended adaptations to build connections sooner within the group, offer more interactive experiences with mind-body skills, and prioritize social, emotional, and physical comfort. Mindfulness, emotional regulation, and quality of life scores increased from baseline to T1. All survey scores improved from baseline to T2.

Conclusion

This study offers insights into the adolescent experience and recommendations for program adaptations for a MBSG in an afterschool setting. Understanding the adolescent perspective is essential for the development of an acceptable MBSG, which has implications for program implementation, utilization, and effectiveness.
Heavy metal contamination and potential health risks in upland rice-producing soils of rotational shifting cultivation in northern Thailand
Authors: Arunrat Noppol , Kongsurakan Praeploy , Sereenonchai Sukanya
Published: November 2024

Rotational shifting cultivation (RSC) is commonly practiced in northern Thailand for upland rice cultivation, primarily for household consumption. However, the potential health risks from heavy metal contamination in these soils have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination of six heavy metals (Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), and Chromium (Cr)) in upland rice across RSC fields with varying fallow periods and assess the associated health risks from rice consumption. Four RSC fields with 5, 6, 10, and 12-year fallow periods were examined. The RSC-6Y and RSC-12Y fields were used for upland rice cultivation in 2022, while the RSC-5Y and RSC-10Y fields were cultivated in 2023. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) was calculated, and translocation factors (TF) were assessed for the transfer of heavy metals from soil to straw (TFStraw/Soil), straw to grain (TFGrain/Straw), and soil to grain (TFGrain/Soil). The results indicated that after burning vegetation in the RSC fields, the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Hg were found in the ash. In RSC soils, Cu, Cr, As, Pb, and Hg levels were below reference standards, with Cd undetected. In rice grains, the order of concentration was Pb > Cu > Cr > As, with Hg and Cd undetected. Pb levels in rice grains exceeded the safety threshold. Igeo values indicated no contamination to moderate contamination across sites, with negative Igeo values for Cr and Cu, and zero values for Cd. The TF results showed limited transfer of As, Hg, and Cd from soil to rice plants (TFStraw/Soil < 0.1), but notable transfer for Pb, Cr, and Cu. Pb was readily transferred from soil to grain (TFGrain/Soil), posing a potential health risk. The study highlights potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from heavy metal exposure, particularly Pb, and underscores the need for further research to determine contamination sources and mitigation strategies.
Urinary sediment mRNA as a potent biomarker of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Kim Jin Sug , Kim Geon Woo , Hwang Hyeon Seok , Kim Yang Gyun , Moon Ju-Young , Lee Sang Ho , Seok Junhee , Tae Donghyun , Jeong Kyung Hwan
Published: November 2024

Background

The quantification of mRNA expression in urinary sediments is a reliable biomarker for various diseases. However, few studies have investigated the clinical relevance of urinary mRNA levels in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Thus, we investigated the expression of urinary mRNAs and their clinical significance in IgAN.

Methods

Overall, 200 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN, 48 disease controls, and 76 healthy controls were enrolled. We identified the differential expression of mRNAs in renal tissue between patients with IgAN and normal subjects using the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset and selected candidate mRNAs. mRNA expression in the urinary sediment was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Associations between urinary mRNA levels and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed and the predictive value of mRNAs for disease progression was evaluated.

Results

The urinary expression of CCL2, CD14, DNMT1, FKBP5, Nephrin, and IL-6 was significantly upregulated in patients with IgAN compared with healthy controls. C3, FLOT1, and Podocin levels were significantly correlated with renal function, where C3, FLOT1, and TfR levels were significantly correlated with urinary protein excretion. During follow-up, 26 (13.0%) patients with IgAN experienced disease progression, defined as a greater than 50% reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate or progression to end-stage renal disease. Urinary mRNA levels of FLOT1 (HR 3.706, 95% CI 1.373–10.005, P = 0.010) were independently associated with an increased risk of disease progression.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that urinary sediment mRNAs are a useful biomarker in IgAN patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up durations are required.
NSDHL contributes to breast cancer stem-like cell maintenance and tumor-initiating capacity through TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in MCF-7 tumor spheroid
Authors: Yoon So-Hyun , Lee Sangeun , Kim Hoe Suk , Song Junhyuk , Baek Moonjou , Ryu Seungyeon , Lee Han-Byoel , Moon Hyeong-Gon , Noh Dong-Young , Jon Sangyong , Han Wonshik
Published: November 2024

Background

NAD(P)-dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like protein (NSDHL), which is involved in breast tumor growth and metastasis, has been implicated in the maintenance of cancer stem cells. However, its role in regulating breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) remains unclear. We have previously reported the clinical significance of NSDHL in patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which NSDHL regulates the capacity of BCSCs in the ER + human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.

Methods

NSDHL knockdown suppressed tumor spheroid formation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells grown on ultralow-attachment plates. RNA sequencing revealed that NSDHL knockdown induced widespread transcriptional changes in the MCF-7 spheroids. TGF-β signaling pathway was the most significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway (fold change ≥ 2, P ≤ 0.05) identified in NSDHL-knockdown MCF-7 spheroids compared with the control. In orthotopic tumor models injected with NSDHL-knockdown MCF-7 spheroids, tumor initiation and growth were strongly suppressed compared with those in the control.

Results

BCSC populations with CD44+/CD24- and CD49f+/EpCAM + phenotypes and high ALDH activity were decreased in NSDHL-knockdown MCF-7 spheroids and xenograft tumors relative to controls, along with decreased secretion of TGF-β1 and 3, phosphorylation of Smad2/3, and expression of SOX2. In RNA-sequencing data from The (TCGA) database, a positive correlation between the expression of NSDHL and SOX2 was found in luminal-type breast cancer specimens (n = 998). Our findings revealed that NSDHL plays an important role in maintaining the BCSC population and tumor-initiating capacity of ER-positive MCF-7 spheroids, suggesting that NSDHL is an attractive therapeutic target for eliminating BCSCs, thus preventing breast cancer initiation and progression.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that NSDHL regulates the BCSC/tumor-initiating cell population in MCF-7 spheroids and xenograft tumors.
How to combat stigma surrounding mental health disorders: a scoping review of the experiences of different stakeholders
Authors: Hajizadeh Alireza , Amini Homayoun , Heydari Mahdiyeh , Rajabi Fatemeh
Published: November 2024

Background

The stigma associated with mental health disorders (MHDs) results in delayed help-seeking, limited access to health services, suboptimal treatment, poor treatment outcomes, and an increased risk of human rights violations. This scoping review summarizes qualitative research on the lived experiences of different stakeholders regarding strategies and interventions to combat stigma for people with MHDs.

Methods

This study was a six-step scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. A comprehensive search of the following electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant records: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar, as well as a manual search of the reference lists. All steps, including screening of eligible studies, data extraction, and analysis, were performed independently by multiple reviewers, with disagreements resolved by discussion. The data were synthesized based on the for-content synthesis guidelines.

Results

A total of 25 studies were included in this review of the 32,976 initial identified citations. The included studies were from all countries (low, middle, and high income), stigmatized disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc.) and target populations (e.g., people with MHDs and their families, health care providers, the general community, and students and school members). The thematic synthesis revealed six types of interventions and strategies and 17 themes related to reducing stigma in patients on MHDs. Strategies and interventions were classified by patient (self-stigma), family (family stigma), healthcare professionals’ stigma, workplace stigma, public/societal stigma, and structural type of stigma (institutional stigma).

Conclusions

This review contributes new evidence that should be considered in future interventions and policies to reduce stigma against MHDs. Multilevel and multistakeholder strategies and interventions are needed to reduce the stigmatization of MHDs.
Health promoting resources and lifestyle factors among higher education students in healthcare and social work programmes: a survey with a longitudinal multicentre design
Authors: Ekman Aimée , Pennbrant Sandra , Sterner Anders , Forsberg Elenita , Hedén Lena , Nunstedt Håkan , Sundler Annelie J. , Larsson Margaretha , Larsson Ingrid , Ahlstrand Inger , Andersson Hammar Isabelle , Lood Qarin , Hallgren Jenny
Published: November 2024

Background

It has been suggested that the university environment, to improve students’ health status and educational outcomes, should be based on a health promoting approach. More knowledge is needed about health promoting resources and lifestyle factors that may be of value for students in higher education and their future work-life balance. The aim of this study was to explore health-promoting resources, general health and wellbeing, and health promoting lifestyle factors among fourth and final semester students in higher education in healthcare and social work.

Methods

This longitudinal study is based on self-reported data collected through a web-based questionnaire that included questions about general health, wellbeing, and healthy lifestyle factors and made use of instruments: the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS), and five questions from the General Nordic Questionnaire (QPS Nordic). The questionnaire was distributed among students enrolled in seven different healthcare and social work programmes at six universities in Sweden. Data was collected when students were in their fourth (2019/2020) and final (2020/2021) semesters analysed with multiple linear and logistic regressions.

Results

The survey included responses from students during the fourth (n = 498) and the final (n = 343) semester of higher education programmes in health and social work. Total SOC scores decreased between the fourth semester and the final semester. The prevalence of the health promoting lifestyle factor of physical exercise decreased between the fourth and final semesters. Students in their final semester reported valuing group work more highly than did students in their fourth semester. Despite this, students in both the fourth and the final semester reported high SOC, low levels of good general health and perceived wellbeing, and sleeping problems.

Conclusions

Students’ report of good general health were associated with wellbeing, high-intensity physical training, and no sleeping problems A high SOC level was associated with good general health, perceived wellbeing, and no sleeping problems. A higher SHIS level was also associated with wellbeing and no sleeping problems. Therefore, we suggest further research focusing on how to prepare students in healthcare and social work during higher education for a future work-life in balance targeting effects on sleep quality.
Study design of herbal medicine clinical trials: a descriptive analysis of published studies investigating the effects of herbal medicinal products on human participants
Authors: Koonrungsesomboon Nut , Sakuludomkan Chotiwit , Na Takuathung Mingkwan , Klinjan Preeyaporn , Sawong Suphunwadee , Perera Pathirage Kamal
Published: November 2024

Background

Increasing global interest in natural therapies has led to a rise in the use of herbal medicines for managing various ailments. However, concerns about scientific evaluation have prompted a study aiming to assess the study design of herbal medicine clinical trials. This study aimed to provide a descriptive overview of the study design, characteristics, and methodologies of contemporary herbal medicine clinical trials.

Materials and methods

The study reviewed herbal medicine clinical trials published between 2019 and 2022 in five electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Data extraction included study characteristics, intervention details, study design, outcome measures, trial phases, blinding, and other relevant information, with descriptive analyses presented. The term ‘herbal medicines’ in this study refers to herbs, herbal materials, preparations, and finished products containing active ingredients from plant parts or their combinations.

Results

Out of the initially identified 5,918 records, 1,517 articles were eligible for inclusion in the study. The majority of herbal medicine clinical trials were conducted in Asian countries, covering a range of diseases. A randomized, double-blind, parallel design with a 1:1 allocation ratio was frequently employed, along with the common use of placebos across all trial phases. Capsules were the most common dosage form. The median number of human participants varied across trial phases, ranging from 50 in Phase 1 to 240 in Phase 4.

Conclusions

The analysis observed that herbal medicine clinical trials employed randomized, double-blind, parallel designs, and the widespread use of placebo. Our observations provided valuable insights into the evolving landscape of herbal medicine clinical trials.
What is known about persons with co-occurring problems’ experiences with supported housing, recovery, and health promotion? A scoping review
Authors: Hammervold Unn Elisabeth , Gytri Silje , Storm Marianne , Lid Torgeir Gilje , Sagvaag Hildegunn
Published: November 2024

Background

Having a home is the foundation of most people’s lives. People with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems may experience challenges in acquiring and keeping housing. Many also have major health challenges. Supported housing is the subject of increasing interest, but there seems to be a lack of studies exploring supported housing’s potential for facilitating recovery and health promotion. Therefore, a scoping review was performed to answer our review question: What is known in the literature about the experiences of persons with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems with supported housing, including experiences of recovery and health promotion?

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Social Services Abstracts, Web of Science, Scopus, and Oria, and Idunn.no databases. The search terms were derived from the population, concepts, and context. The search for grey literature was conducted in various Norwegian sources.

Results

Forty studies were included: 7 with quantitative design, 28 with qualitative design and 5 with mixed methods design. The studies were from Canada, Ireland, Norway, Scotland, and the USA.

The review identified four themes related to tenants’ experiences with supported housing:

1)The importance of a permanent and safe home; 2) Housing’s importance for physical health; 3) A shoulder to lean on – the importance of relationships and support; 4) the value of choice and independence.

Factors that may influence physical health were poorly represented.

Conclusions

Long-term housing and safety are prerequisites for recovery for people with co-occurring problems. Programmes such as Housing First and Assertive Community Teams, especially, were experienced to support recovery. Autonomy was valued, including access to individual and respectful support from service providers when needed.

Supported housing may be a health-promoting arena, especially in relation to mental health. More attention should be given to how service providers can support tenants to protect their physical health, especially related to nutrition, meals and communal cooking. Further research is needed to tailor optimal services and support for people with co-occurring problems, including balancing support and autonomy with the aim of promoting health and recovery.

Peer specialists’ contributions to supported housing are scarce and need further development.
The journey to diagnosis of wild-type transthyretin-mediated (ATTRwt) amyloidosis: a path with multisystem involvement
Authors: Karam Chafic , Moffit Colleen , Summers Catherine , Merkel Madeline P. , Kochman Fran M. , Weijers Laure , Puls Mathilde , Schurer Marieke , Jones Emily , Mason Nicola , Finkel Muriel , Schmitt Paula , Hanna Mazen
Published: November 2024

Background

Wild-type and hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (ATTRwt and ATTRv amyloidosis, respectively) are progressive, fatal diseases with a broad range of clinical presentations and multisystem effects. Despite having a higher prevalence, ATTRwt amyloidosis is less well characterized due to its non-hereditary nature, and its relatively poorer disease awareness delays diagnosis. Understanding of its natural history has evolved in recent years, but this is largely based on physician-collected data rather than patients’ reports of their own experiences. A mixed methods approach was used to evaluate how the healthcare journeys of patients with ATTRv and ATTRwt amyloidosis compare.

Methods

A quantitative survey was administered to US-patients diagnosed with both ATTRwt amyloidosis and ATTRv amyloidosis identified through a patient support group. Subsequent in-depth interviews with participants with ATTRwt amyloidosis were conducted. Quantitative data with related qualitative quotes from patients were produced to characterize their paths to diagnosis and the disease burden experienced.

Results

A total of 47 respondents completed the survey (ATTRv, n = 20 and ATTRwt, n = 27) and a total of 14 survey respondents with ATTRwt amyloidosis were interviewed. Survey results reported a high disease burden for patients with both conditions, with patients with ATTRwt amyloidosis reporting more diagnoses and procedures prior to their final diagnosis. Interviews with participants with ATTRwt amyloidosis revealed that patients face a high symptomatic burden of disease. Diagnosis was often delayed due to three key factors: (1) early signs of ATTRwt amyloidosis were often assumed to be related to old age; (2) many medical specialists working in silos were involved in participants’ diagnostic; and (3) there was a general lack of disease awareness. Early indicators such as carpal tunnel syndrome were often overlooked. Participants were typically diagnosed after the disease had progressed to include severe cardiac symptoms such as atrial fibrillation and severe shortness of breath. Sleep apnoea was also reported by a number of participants, with a considerable impact on quality of life.

Conclusions

Our study provides insight into the overall impact of the patient journey on their quality of life and demonstrates how increased awareness of ATTRwt amyloidosis and more coordinated engagement with physicians could reduce the time to diagnosis.
Variability of Loa loa microfilarial counts in successive blood smears and its potential implication in drug-related serious adverse events
Authors: Lepage Tristan M. , Campillo Jérémy T. , Louya Frédéric , Bikita Paul , Missamou François , Hemilembolo Marlhand C. , Pion Sébastien D. S. , Boussinesq Michel , Chesnais Cédric B.
Published: November 2024

Background

The standard method to diagnose Loa loa infection and quantify microfilarial density (MFD) is the microscopic examination of calibrated thick blood smears (TBSs). In 1950, it was noticed that successive L. loa MFD samples from a single capillary puncture could exhibit up to 20% variation. Although loiasis treatment allocation is based on MFD to prevent serious adverse events (SAEs), data on this variability are scarce. There are also no guidelines supporting the collection and analysis of one or two TBSs.

Methods

We assessed the variability of two successive L. loa MFD samples (MFD1 and MFD2), collected from 255 patients. We analyzed the influence of sex, age, weight, heart rate, arterial pressure, body temperature, and sampling time on MFD variability, as well the impact of MFD variability on MFD thresholds relevant to loiasis treatment protocols.

Results

The MFD2 was found to have increased in 63% (1145/1826) of TBS pairs and to have decreased in 37% (681/1826) of TBS pairs. The MFD2 were on average 28% higher than the MFD1. These variations drove a total of 333 (17.4%) changes in MFD classes according to loiasis treatment protocol, including 210 (11.3%) class increases. TBSs generated from blood samples from subjects with lower MFD (1–1000 mf/ml) or lower mean arterial pressure (MAP; 55–80 mmHg), or from blood samples collected at an earlier hour time-point (10:00–10:59 a.m.) were more subject to MFD2 variability in a multivariate analysis. The MFD relative change was not constant over time for a given person.

Conclusions

We observed a trend towards an increase in MFD2 with an important variability between samples that may impact loiasis treatment allocation. We suggest that systematically sampling at least two successive TBSs might allow better MFD assessments to prevent post-treatment SAEs. Further studies are needed to verify this variability in larger samples as well as confirm the potential explanatory variables identified.

Graphical Abstract
Disseminated histoplasmosis from western Mexico—rethinking our geographic distribution of endemic fungal species: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Sleightholm Richard , Hodson Daniel Z. , So Isabella , Avula Harshika , Batra Jagmohan
Published: November 2024

Background

Histoplasma is a fungal pathogen found in many parts of the world. In North America, its distribution is traditionally thought to be endemic to the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. Development of histoplasmosis after Histoplasma exposure is related to degree of inoculum exposure and susceptibility, for example, immunocompromised status. Most exposed, healthy individuals are asymptomatic and few develop pulmonary symptoms. A limited number of infectious etiologies (that is, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) can cause miliary pattern on chest imaging, and thus, histoplasmosis should be considered whenever a patient presents with pulmonary symptoms and these unique radiographic findings.

Case presentation

A previously healthy 13-year-old Hispanic male presented as a transfer from an outside hospital with fever and hypoxia in the setting of a progressive, subacute gastrointestinal illness. Given hypoxia, the concern for sepsis, and unclear etiology of his illness, broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy and noninvasive ventilation were started. Initial evaluation demonstrated miliary pulmonary infiltrates, and travel history raised suspicion for coccidioidomycosis or tuberculosis. After a complete evaluation, lab studies confirmed a diagnosis of histoplasmosis, and the patient made a full recovery after the initiation and completion of antifungal therapy.

Conclusion

Herein, we present a patient who acquired histoplasmosis from an area of Mexico not currently acknowledged as endemic and review recently published data emphasizing new areas of Histoplasma endemicity in North America, particularly the southwest USA and most states of Mexico. Though limited surveillance data exist, mounting case reports/series and local epidemiologic studies illustrate the expanding worldwide endemicity of Histoplasma and underscore histoplasmosis as a growing global health concern.
A call for inclusive research, policies, and leadership to close the global women’s health gap
Authors: Aninye Irene O.
Published: November 2024

Women comprise approximately half of the world’s population, yet they are often underrepresented and inadequately considered in medical and public health research and in health care delivery in the United States and around the world. Elucidating sex and gender differences in disease and fundamental hormonal drivers of women’s health is instrumental to informing our overall understanding of human health and improving women’s health outcomes across the lifespan. The Society for Women’s Health Research and ECH Alliance–The Global Health Connector hosted a women’s health program as part of the United Nations 79th General Assembly Science Summit. Here, I briefly describe the basis for this convening to address global gender health gaps and reflect on the event’s presentations and discussions to recognize and better integrate women’s unique health needs in the sustainable development goals.
Restoring grazing agroecosystems in Mediterranean less favoured areas for resilience and productivity: experts opinion
Authors: Poulopoulou Ioanna , Hadjipavlou Georgia , Gamper Hannes , Lazereg Messaoud , Ocak Yetişgin Sezen , Mohamed Alaa , Gauly Matthias , Gaki Dimitra , Goussios Dimitris , Faraslis Ioannis , Tsiokos Dimitrios , Santeramo Fabio , Marques-dos-Santos Cláudia , Rosati Andrea , Bebeli Penelope J. , Khalil Wagdy K. B. , Hadjigeorgiou Ioannis
Published: November 2024

Mediterranean agroecosystems are under increasing pressures by extreme weather events, which together with poor livestock grazing management bring the already degraded lands closer to desertification. To address these challenges, we develop a decision support manual for sustainable management of degraded lands based on local plant and animal resources. We present a conceptual approach to quantify the quality attributes of current pasture-based livestock and mixed farming systems to increase their added value. Most approaches focus on lowland areas, we propose building a system to assess and quantify the quality and management of grazing lands as well as the small ruminant farming practices in Less Favoured Areas (LFAs) areas of the Mediterranean. The interventions have been proposed by 17 researchers from different disciplines ranging from animal science and animal husbandry, nutrition and genetics, pasture management, plant breeding and soil science to regional development and environmental science and agricultural economics. They are based on technical and socio-economic information, to foster the development of business models towards sustainable management of regenerative grazing. These models are also expected to be used as evidence for motivating farmers and stakeholders in reinforcing grazing as a practice that, when properly used and implemented using local knowledge, reduces land degradation and contributes to the conservation of the local resources. The economic analysis showing the costs and benefits of the applied systems is important to foster the integration and implementation of the recommended schemes and leads to more efficient planning through better decision making. The proposed interventions are designed to stimulate farmers to learn or rediscover grazing techniques, and to stimulate a re-think of priorities on the multi-faceted contribution of grazing agro-ecosystems, among others, on soil health, land degradation, sustainable grazing management and population conservation in LFAs, acknowledging the importance of pastureland regeneration. In the long term the introduction of the decision support manual and the business model will  benefit the quality and management of grazing agroecosystems. Furthermore, it is essential to adjust the agricultural policies to implenent the proposed measures.
Use of the “quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” pangram in academic papers
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A.
Published: November 2024

In the English language, when a sentence contains all letters of the alphabet, such as “The/A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog”, this is known as a pangram. Curiously, despite its odd meaning, this fox-dog pangram has found practical usage in some applications, mainly in text typography related to computer graphics, in linguistics, as a writing tutorial, or for testing computer keyboards. Even more curiously, it has been detected as a residual of template text in some academic papers. This unique linguistic curiosity was examined by screening Scopus and Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar from 2019–2023, to appreciate its practical use, as well as to assess whether there were any cases of residual template text, the main target of this exercise. In the latter case, this letter advocates for the removal of this residual text, in the form of a literary correction.