bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When History Caught Up with Historians
Authors: Loveland Jeff
Published: January 2021

Thanks in part to the influence of Friedrich Brockhaus’s Konversations-Lexikon, a German encyclopedia inaugurated in 1796, biographies of the living had become unremarkable in Europe’s encyclopedias by the early nineteenth century. Today, they are pervasive. Between 1674 and 1750, they remained rare and controversial in the alphabetical ancestors of the modern encyclopedia. In this article, I explain why, and show how encyclopedists’ practices evolved in the period in which the historical dictionary and other alphabetical proto-encyclopedias burst onto the European literary scene, that is, the late seventeenth century and the first half of the eighteenth. I begin by exploring early encyclopedists’ motives for not treating the living. My second section then examines the most influential historical dictionaries as well as the encyclopedia that best covered the living, tracking how practices regarding contemporary biographies evolved. Finally, I consider some of the broader social and cultural changes, both internal and external to the history of encyclopedia-making, that are reflected in encyclopedias’ growing coverage of the living and the recently deceased.
Jane Austen and the Tradition of Masculine Benevolence
Authors: Roberts Marilyn
Published: January 2021

During the long eighteenth century, benevolence was thought to be the greatest of all virtues. In her later novels especially, Jane Austen emphasized its primacy, showing that benevolence must be taught, practiced, and perfected through rigorous self-analysis and the repudiation of self-indulgence. The heroes of those novels tend to exercise benevolence in accordance with the duties of their profession, especially as described in the courtesy books of the period. Nevertheless, even if adept at helping the needy or extending kindness toward their peers, her central male characters do not find happiness until they discipline themselves to be more benevolent toward people of all ranks. Although the novels do not advocate a political solution for ending poverty, Austen suggests that her readers can improve society through benevolent action.
On-Surface Synthesis of Dibenzohexacenohexacene and Dibenzopentaphenoheptaphene
Authors: Xu Xiushang , Kinikar Amogh , Di Giovannantonio Marco , Ruffieux Pascal , Müllen Klaus , Fasel Roman , Narita Akimitsu
Published: January 2021

We report the on-surface synthesis and gas-phase theoretical studies of two novel nanographenes, namely, dibenzohexacenohexacene and dibenzopentaphenoheptaphene, using 8,8′-dibromo-5,5′-bibenzo[rst]pentaphene as a precursor. These nanographenes display a combination of armchair and zigzag edges, as shown by noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM), and their electronic properties are elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations which reveal relatively low HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of about 1.75 eV.
Creation of Highly Efficient and Durable Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells Using Nanocarbon Materials
Authors: Matsuo Yutaka
Published: January 2021

This accounts article describes examples of improving power conversion efficiency and stability of organic and perovskite solar cells by using nanocarbon nanotubes such as fullerene derivatives, endohedral fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes. Appropriately doped carbon nanotubes can replace indium-tin-oxide transparent electrodes and evaporated metal electrodes to produce stable and flexible solar cells. Properly designed fullerene derivatives can serve as electron transporting layer through passivation of defects at the interface between perovskite crystals and an inorganic charge selective layer. Lithium-ion endohedral fullerene can dope organic semiconducting molecules and carbon nanotubes for improving not only power conversion efficiency but also stability because neutral lithium endohedral fullerene forms to scavenge intruding oxygen. The author suggests creation of carbon-rich solar cells using such nanocarbon materials for further development of practical organic solar cells.
Impact of sin taxes on consumption volumes of sweetened beverages and soft drinks in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Megally Rania , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub
Published: January 2021

Background: The consumption of sweetened drinks plays a major role in increasing the burden of diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence rate of obesity and overweight individuals in Saudi Arabia has increased alarmingly among children over the past decade, revealing a crucial need the initiate and monitor effective prevention measures of obesity. Hence, this paper aims to measure the impact of sin taxes of sugar-sweetened beverages on the consumption level of such beverages in Saudi Arabia. Building enough evidence to guide other countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) on how to reduce the level of sugar intake consumption to reduce obesity and malnutrition has an impact on the economy as a whole.

Methods: The excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages were applied in 2017. The impact of this was measured using a time series data set that covered sales volumes of soft drinks in Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2020.

Results: Sin taxes had a significant negative impact on the sales volume over the years. A significance level of <1% was found as sales volume of soft drinks decreased by 57.64% from 2010 to 2017 when sin taxes were applied on energy and soft drinks.

Conclusions: Sin tax policy is recommended to other countries in the EMR to reduce obesity levels among children. These recommendations advocate the recommended priority actions by the World Health Organization for the strategy on nutrition for the EMR 2020-2030.
La violencia de género en Twitter según Vox en las elecciones auto-nómicas de Andalucía.
Authors: Luque Ortiz Sergio , Cano Alarcón Mónica
Published: January 2021

Political communication has changed after the appearance of the Internet and social networks. In this sense, it is essential to understand that the communication landscape has been transformed. The main objective of the research is the use of Twitter as a tool for political communication, taking as a case study the far-right political party Vox regarding gender violence in the autonomous elections of Andalusia in 2018. The methodological design is qualitative and quantitative by analyzing the official Twitter accounts of Vox, Santiago Abascal (president of the party) and Francisco Serrano, candidate for the Andalusian regional elections of 2018. For this, the statistical program SPSS has been used in which they have been analyzed more than1000 tweets related to a topic of great relevance to theparty such as gender violence and the content analyses. The results obtained show that gender violence is a topic discussed on Twitter by the three profiles analyzed, although the dissemination and periodicity of updates on this topic are different from each other. As a main conclusion, it can be advanced that Vox has made an exceptional use of Twitter as a discursive narrative tool. Similarly, gender violence does not appear on social networks as often, although in the case of the Andalusian candidate it is a recurring theme in his interventions on Twitter
El sesgo de la máquina en la toma de decisiones en el proceso penal.
Authors: Borges Blázquez Raquel
Published: January 2021

Artificial intelligence has countless advantages in our lives. On the one hand, computer’s capacity to store and connect data is far superior to human capacity. On the other hand, its “intelligence” also involves deep ethical problems that the law must respond to. I say “intelligence” because nowadays machines are not intelligent. Machines only use the data that a human being has previously offered as true. The truth is relative and the data will have the same biases and prejudices as the human who programs the machine. In other words, machines will be racist, sexist and classist if their programmers are. Furthermore, we are facing a new problem: the difficulty to understand the algorithm of those who apply the law.This situation forces us to rethink the criminal process, including artificial intelligence and spinning very thinly indicating how, when, why and under what assumptions we can make use of artificial intelligence and, above all, who is going to program it. At the end of the day, as Silvia Barona indicates, perhaps the question should be: who is going to control global legal thinking?
Inteligencia Artificial y oportunidad de creación de una personalidad electrónica.
Authors: García Sánchez María Dolores
Published: January 2021

In the current context of unstoppable advance of science, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) has experienced an exponential evolution. Through this study, we analize the legal issues raised by the eventual creation of an electronic personality in the case of the most advanced autonomous robots (fourth generation robotics). Indeed, the special characteristics of these systems - and the difficulty for framing them in any of the already existing legal categories - demand a specific treatment by the Law that allows us to face the challenges of this kind of technology in the future. Likewise, we address the different doctrinal positions around this eventuality to conclude by contributing our own position in this regard.
La función conjetural del Derecho reforzada por los algoritmos en la era de big data.
Authors: Mascitti Matías
Published: January 2021

Through this paper we aims to illustrate the increase in the power of the predictive function of Law that will be generated by the use of intelligent integral legal search engines (IILSE). They will allow a more effective strategic conjectural analysis by virtue of the sociological, psychological, normative and axiological information that they will provide to the legal operator for their decision making. To this end, we use an interdisciplinary analysis perspective of Law, highlighting the advancement of artificial intelligence systems in a transparency society where data is a valuable asset. The IILSE integrated with an efficient natural language and with algorithms created to obtain the aforementioned interdisciplinary information will be a valuable aid instrument for: greater linguistic precision, normative interpretation, weighting of legal principles, prediction of judicial sentences, democratization of Law and a significant decrease in the differences in the practical effects in force between the traditions of Civil Law and Common Law.
LWIR sensor parameters for deep learning object detectors
Authors: Grimming Robert , McIntosh Bruce , Mahalanobis Abhijit , Driggers Ronald G.
Published: January 2021

Deep learning has been well studied for its application to image classification, object detection, and other visible spectrum tasks. However, deep learning is only beginning to be considered for applications in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum. In this work, we attempt to quantify the imaging system parameters required to perform specific deep learning tasks without significant pre-processing of the LWIR images or specialized training. We show the capabilities of uncooled microbolometer sensors for Fast Region-based Convolution Neural Networks (Fast R-CNN) object detectors and the extent to which increased sensitivity and resolution will affect a Fast R-CNN object detector’s performance. These results provide guidelines for design requirements for uncooled microbolometers in industries such as commercial autonomous vehicle navigation that will use deep learning object detectors.
Stable isotope (C, N, O, and H) study of a comprehensive set of feathers from two Setophaga citrina
Authors: Deme Samiksha , Yeung Laurence Y. , Sun Tao , Lee Cin-Ty A.
Published: January 2021

Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were measured on a comprehensive sampling of feathers from two spring Hooded Warblers (Setophaga citrina) in Texas to evaluate isotopic variability between feathers and during molt. Isotopic homogeneity within each bird was found across all four isotopic systems, supporting the hypothesis that molt in these neotropical migrants is fully completed on the breeding grounds. This homogeneity suggests that the isotopic composition of a single feather is may be representative of the whole songbird. However, each bird was found to have one or two outlier feathers, which could signify regrowth of lost feathers after prebasic molt.
Prognostic importance of numbers of retrieved lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes for ampulla of vater cancer (AVC) in 2347 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database
Authors: Feng Jiao , Wu RuiYang , Zhang Gang , Yang ZhiMing , Zhang Liang
Published: January 2021

Introduction

The numbers of retrieved lymph nodes (RLNs) and positive lymph nodes (PLNs) had a significant impact on the survival of patients with ampulla of vater cancer (AVC), but the optimal numbers of the both were controversial.

Objective

The cohort study aimed to explore the prognostic value and the optimal point of RLNs and PLNs for AVC.

Methods

A total of 2347 AVC patients with M0 disease who underwent surgical resection and lymph node dissection from January 2004 to December 2013 were acquired from a prospective database.

Results

The study found that the optimal cut-off values of RLNs were 18 in the N0 cohort and 16 in N1 or entire cohort due to the highest 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and disease-specific survival (DSS) rate and the separation of survival curves (all P < 0.05). In patients with RLNs ≥ 16, patients with PLN = 0 demonstrated significantly better 5-year OS and DSS rates (70.9% and 77.1%) compared to those with PLNs = 1–2 (41.6% and 44.7%; all P < 0.001), and patients with PLNs = 1–2 demonstrated significantly better 5-year OS and DSS rates (41.6% and 44.7%) compared to those with PLNs ≥ 3 (24.3% and 28.0%; all P < 0.001).

Conclusions

This article recommended that at least 16 lymph nodes will improve the prognosis of AVC patients undergoing surgery. The best cut-off values of PLNs recommended for this study were 0 and 2, which may accurately stratify patients.
Effect of patient and treatment factors on persistence with antihypertensive treatment: A population-based study
Authors: Malo Sara , Aguilar-Palacio Isabel , Feja Cristina , Lallana María Jesús , Armesto Javier , Rabanaque María José
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To analyze patterns of antihypertensive drug use among new users in a Southern European population, and identify patient- and treatment-related factors that influence persistence.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study of new antihypertensive drug users aged ≥40 years in Aragón, Spain. Information on antihypertensive drugs (2014–2016) prescribed and dispensed at pharmacies via the public health system were collected from a regional electronic population-based pharmacy database. Persistence was assessed using the gap method. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were conducted to analyze patterns of use and factors that influence persistence.

Results

The 25,582 new antihypertensive drug users in Aragón during the study period were prescribed antihypertensive drugs in monotherapy (73.3%), fixed combination (13.9%), free combination (9.1%), or other (3.7%). One in five received antihypertensive drugs within 15 days of the prescription date, but not after. During the first year of follow-up, 38.6% of the study population remained persistent. The likelihood of treatment discontinuation was higher for participants who were male, aged ≥80 years, and received an antihypertensive drug in monotherapy compared with fixed combination.

Conclusion

Overall persistence with antihypertensive therapy was poor, and was influenced by the sex, age and type of therapy. Fixed combinations appear to be a good choice for initial therapy, especially in patients with a higher risk of discontinuation. Nonetheless, adverse drug effects and the patient’s preferences and clinical profile should be taken into account.
A method for measuring the forces acting on a tree trunk using strain gauges
Authors: Miyashita Ayana , Suzuki Satoru
Published: January 2021

The wind force acted on a tree constantly changes in magnitude, direction, and distribution. We developed a method to measure simultaneously the amount of force (F), centroid of the distributed force (C), and direction of force (D) on a tree trunk using four strain gauges. F and C were estimated from the difference in the bending moments at two different positions along the long axis of the stem. D was estimated using the difference in the sensor outputs at two different radial positions at the same height. In principle, the two strain gauges should be oriented precisely 90° apart; however, this is unrealistic on an actual tree trunk. To calculate D, we developed a new method to detect the radial position and modulus of elasticity of each strain gauge after attaching it. We conducted three types of experiment. First, we loaded a wood pole with weights arranged in 11 patterns to test the accuracies of F and C for a distributed load. Next, we applied tensile forces to the wood pole and an evergreen conifer sapling from eight directions to test the accuracy of D, F, and C. On average, estimation errors were < 2% for both the distributed load and circumferential tensile load. Our method can estimate F, C, and D precisely, even if the wood is uneven and the strain gauges are not aligned. This is a great advantage for field wind force measurements.
A nineteenth-century bengali housewife and her Robinson Crusoe days: Travel and intimacy in Kailashbashini Debi’s The diary of a certain housewife
Authors: Moitra Swati
Published: January 2021

Kailashbashini Debi’s Janaika Grihabadhu’r Diary (The Diary of a Certain Housewife; written between 1847 and 1873, serialised almost a century later in the monthly Basumati in 1952) chronicles her travels along the waterways of eastern Bengal. Her travels are firmly centred around her husband’s work; in his absence, she is Robinson Crusoe, marooned in the hinterlands of Bengal with only her daughter.Bearing in mind the gendered limitations on travel in the nineteenth century for upper-caste Bengali women, this essay investigates Kailashbashini Debi’s narration of her travels and the utopic vision of the modern housewife that Kailashbashini constructs for herself. The essay looks into the audacious nature of Kailashbashini’s effort: to claim a space in public memory alongside her husband. In the process, the essay seeks to address the restructuring of domestic life made possible by the experience of travel, and explore the contours of women’s travel writing in nineteenth-century India
Los temas de la discusión pública en las elecciones presidenciales chilenas 2005: relaciones entre las agendas de los medios y las agendas mediatizadas de los candidatos y del gobierno
Authors: Porath Willian
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar cuáles fueron los temas de la discusión pública que predominaron en los medios de comunicación chilenos durante la campaña presidencial de fines de 2005, y cuáles fueron los temas con que los candidatos y el gobierno aparecieron posicionados en ellos. Utilizando el marco metodológico y conceptual de la teoría de la agenda setting se analizan las interrelaciones entre las agendas de estos tres actores con el objetivo de describir de qué manera se articuló la discusión pública. Se realizó un análisis de contenido cuantitativo de los dos principales diarios y de los noticieros centrales de tres canales nacionales. Los resultados muestran una pauta distinta para la televisión y la prensa escrita, siendo esta última la que está más cerca de los temas con los que los actores políticos aparecen en los medios. El estudio también revela que el entonces presidente Ricardo Lagos y sus voceros muestran en los medios agendas distintas. En cuanto a los candidatos, en un marco de grandes similitudes, tiende a darse un eje de discusión entre la candidata oficialista Michelle Bachelet, por un lado, y sus tres contendores, por otro, los que aparecen con discursos homogeneizados.ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to show the public discussion topics that dominated the mass media during the last presidential election campaign in Chile in late 2005. It also intends to determine the topics for which the candidates and the government appeared in the media. Agenda-setting’s conceptual theory and methodological frame were employed to analyze the inter-relations among the agendas of these three public actors with the aim to describe how the public discussion was articulated. A quantitative content analysis was carried out on the two most influential newspapers and the three most important television newscasts. The results show a difference in television’s agenda compared with newspapers’. In fact, the papers’ agenda is closer to the topics, which the political actors appear in the media. The results also reveal that President Ricardo Lagos and his speakers appear with different agendas in the media. The candidates share many similarities, but while a discussion is evident between the government’s candidate Michelle Bachelet and her three contenders, the latter tend to appear in the media with a homogenous agenda.
Internacionalización si «modernización»: el caso del ministerio de relaciones exteriores de Chile
Authors: Fuentes Claudio
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: El artículo examina una aparente paradoja: desde la transición a la democracia se produjo una alta y dinámica internacionalización de Chile expresada en cambios en términos políticos, sociales y económicos, proceso que no ha tenido una esperada transformación burocrática- institucional en el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Los intentos de reforma han fracasado y el statu quo ha prevalecido. Mientras alguna literatura institucionalista explicaría esta situación debido a resistencias «burocráticas» internas al cambio, en este trabajo se desarrollan dos argumentaciones centrales: factores inhibidores del contexto político (timing electoral e incentivos políticos) y de tipo organizacional (divisiones burocráticas internas y eficientes respuestas de agencias de gobierno a las demandas de la internacionalización). La investigación intenta aportar a la literatura al definir condiciones inhibidoras de una transformación institucional. El caso muestra una adaptación institucional sin modernización.ABSTRACT: This article examines an apparent paradox: even though, since the transition to democracy in Chile, the country has experienced a significant political, economic, and social internationalization, this transformation has not been followed by an expected adaptation of State bureaucratic institutions toward such challenges. In particular, several attempts to reform the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Chile have failed and the statu quo has prevailed. While some authors may explain this outcome due to bureaucratic resistance, this work suggests two intertwined set of explanations: inhibitor factors of the political context (electoral timing and political incentives) and organizational elements (divisions within the professional services and efficient parallel responses of the State to international challenges). This article attempts to make a contribution to the literature, suggesting specific inhibitor conditions for institutional transformation. The case exemplifies an institutional adaptation without modernization.
Los encuadres noticiosos en los medios argentinos. Un análisis de la privatización de ENTEL
Authors: Aruguete Natalia
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: Este artículo es un análisis del tratamiento mediático del proceso de privatización de la Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (ENTEL), hecho por la prensa gráfica argentina, en base a la teoría del framing o teoría del encuadre. El estudio está centrado en la información publicada por cinco diarios de alcance nacional (Ámbito Financiero, Clarín, Crónica, La Nación y Página/12). El período bajo estudio es agosto-octubre de 1990, coincidente con la última etapa de gestión estatal de la compañía telefónica, antes de su traspaso a dos consorcios privados, Telefónica de Argentina y Telecom Argentina. ABSTRACT: This paper is an analysis of media treatment of the privatization of the Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (ENTEL) [National Telecommunications Company], by the Argentine printing press, based on the theory of framing. This research is focused on the information published by five national newspapers (Ámbito Financiero, Clarín, Crónica, La Nación and Página/12). The period under study is August-October 1990, coinciding with the last stage of the State-run telephone company, before their transfer to two private consortia, Telefónica de Argentina and Telecom Argentina.
Violence and Passion at Court: Brunhilda, a Visigothic Princess
Authors: Horváth Emőke
Published: January 2021

The study focuses on the figure of a famous Visigothic Princess and analyzes why the Brunhilda image of the 6th cuentury’s authors reflects a much more favorable portrait of the queen than the works of subsequent authors. The author is looking for the answer to what might have led to such a great change in the Queen's judgment, did her own actions provide a basis for changing the authors ’judgment, or did other motives contribute to painting the picture darker?
Design, Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Naphthalen-2-yloxy based Oxadiazole-2-thione Derivatives
Authors: KUMAR VIVEK , KUMAR RAJNISH , SALAHUDDIN  , MAZUMDER AVIJIT
Published: January 2021

A series of novel Mannich bases 5-(naphthalen-2-yloxymethyl)-3-(substituted)aminomethyl-3H-[1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-thiones (5a-h) were
synthesized by aminomethylation of substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione by equimolar concentration of primary or secondary amines.
Synthesized compounds were characterized by spectrometric techniques (IR, 1H & 13C NMR), and evaluated for antibacterial potential
against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using cup-plate method employing ciprofloxacin as standard drug.
Compounds 5a-c and 5g exhibited strong antibacterial activity against tested bacterial strains. Compound 5a was active against Bacillus
pumilus, Shigella dysenteriae and Vibrio cholera; compound 5b exhibited significant activity against Bacillus pumilus, and Shigella
dysenteriae; compound 5c was active against Bacillus pumilus and Vibrio cholera and compound 5g was active against Dshigella boydii
and Acinetobacter aceti bacterial strains. The SAR study revealed that the synthesized compounds (5a-h) having less bulky group exhibited
good antibacterial activity.
Areca catechu Slurry: A Rich Source of Phenolics and Flavonoids
Authors: VASTRAD JYOTI V. , GOUDAR GIRIDHAR , BYADGI SHAMEEMBANU A. , BHAIRAPPANNAVAR DEEPA S.
Published: January 2021

In present study, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in arecanut slurry based on UV spectrometry and LC-MS were carried out. Results revealed that the arecanut slurry powder extract exhibited the presence of different phenolic groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. Further, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of aqueous extract of areca slurry powder was found to be 214.50 mg/g (GAE) and 184.12 mg/g (RE), respectively. LC-MS analysis depicted the presence of vanillic acid in considerable amounts, which is a benzoic acid derivative used as a flavouring agent. Meanwhile, catechin was profoundly present in the aqueous extracts of arecanut slurry powder among all the other flavonoids. The arecanut slurry powder extracts exhibited substantial amount of vanillic acid and catechin, which are known to be beneficial in various pharmacological studies.
Synthesis of Visible Light Active Delafossite
Structured CuCrO2: Optical and Photocatalytic Studies
Authors: Arunkumar Nagarajan
Published: January 2021

Synthesis of delafossite structured CuCrO2 by sol-gel method using tartaric acid as a complexing
agent is reported in present study. The product has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,
thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), SEM, Raman spectra, BET (surface area analysis) and UV-Vis-diffused
reflectance spectroscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of delafossite structured
CuCrO2 phase at 800 ºC for 3 h, which was further confirmed by thermal analysis that showed one
weight loss and endothermic peak at above 800 ºC corresponded to the phase transition. Hexagonal
plate like morphology of the synthesized powder was confirmed by SEM analysis. The Raman spectra
showed three Raman scattering peaks of the delafossite structure of CuCrO2. Diffused reflectance
spectroscopy (DRS) revealed that the band gap of the prepared CuCrO2 microcrystals was about 2.90
eV. In addition, the synthesized CuCrO2 was used for the degradation of p-nitrophenol and H2 generation
under visible-light which showed 32.4 μmol (10.8 μmol/h) of H2 and 92 % degradation of p-nitrophenol
(20 mg/L) after 4 h of visible light irradiation. Further analysis revealed that •OH and •O2
− were the main
ROS responsible for p-nitrophenol degradation.
Optimizing Parameters for the Remediation of Chromium(VI) Contaminated Groundwater on Tamil Nadu Chromates and Chemicals Limited (TCCL) Site of Ranipet, Tamilnadu using Electrocoagulation Process
Authors: MUTHUKUMARAN B. , MURUGAIYAN VANITHA
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the effects of variables such as electrode material, electrode distance, pH, initial concentration of Cr(VI), applied current, electrolyte and time duration in the treatment of contaminated groundwater for the removal of Cr(VI) at two different concentrations of 200 and 800 mg/L of Cr(VI) using batch electrocoagulation process. Initially, the conditions were optimized from synthetic contaminated water, which was in congruence with chloride and sulphate ions as present in the contaminated groundwater. The optimum conditions obtained on removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic contaminated water were applied in real Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater collected from a bore well at chromate ore processing residue (COPR) dumpsite. The results of the treated contaminated groundwater were found that all the parameters were within the limits of Pollution Control Board discharge standards. The efficiency and energy consumption on the removal of Cr(VI) from real contaminated groundwater were compared with and without addition of NaCl. The results suggest that the optimum conditions for a 99.99% removal efficiency were initial concentration 200 mg/L of Cr(VI), pH 6.0, applied current 2 A, electrolyte 2 g/L of NaCl, time duration 35 min and energy consumption 2.625 Whr/m3.
Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities of Plantago major L. in Vietnam
Authors: HUONG DO THI VIET , GIANG PHAN MINH , HOANG DO HUY , PHUONG NGUYEN ANH , TRUNG TRIEU ANH
Published: January 2021

Plantago major L. in Vietnam was investigated for its chemical composition and also evaluated the biological activities against enzyme α-
glucosidase and free radicals activities. The powder mixture of dried leave and roots of this species was extracted separately by three
solvents: dichloromethane, water, water:alcohol (50:50, v:v). The chemical composition of dichloromethane extract was analyzed by GC-MS
system to identify eighteen components, out of which eight biologically active compounds viz. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, n-hecxadecanoic
acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-methyl ester, allogibberic acid, β-tocopherol, campesterol, γ-sitosterol, lup-20(29)-en-3-ol and
friedenlan-3-one were presented. The concentration of radical scavenging activity DPPH expressed by IC50 for water, water:alcohol
(50:50, v:v) and dichloromethane with 208.7, 89.3 and 62.05 μg/mL, respectively. The dichloromethane, water and water:alcohol (50:50,
v:v) extract of Plantago major exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 116.4, 302.7, 195.9 μg/mL, respectively,
which was comparable with acarbose (98.4 μg/mL). Plantago major L. in Vietnam may be effective inhibitors as the antidiabetic candidate
and helpful to reduce the postprandial glucose levels.
Green Extraction, Characterization, Applications and
Antimicrobial Analysis of Natural Dye from Phyllanthus emblica
Authors: Bhandari Netra Lal , Ghimire Jyoti , Shrestha Sunita , Bhandari Ganesh , Bhattarai Sitaram , Adhikari Rameshwar
Published: January 2021

Global consciousness towards the organic value of eco-friendly products has attracted the interest of
people towards the use of naturally dyed textiles and organic mordants. The present study has been
focused not only on exploring the bio-colourant activity of Phyllanthus emblica (Amala) but also on
the application of natural mordant for textile dyeing and analysis of its medicinal properties. It has
been discovered from the investigation that biomordants like extract of Aloe vera’s as well as extract
of mango’s bark extract were able to evince their characteristic colour ameliorate behaviour close to
synthetic ones. Besides, the disparity in absorbance band in ultraviolet spectroscopy, distinction in
functional groups and differences in surface morphology of two extracted dyes were observed that
provided information on colour variation in the cotton fabrics. An eagle gray shade and brown-hued
on the cotton fabric were noticed from water and ethanol extracted dyes, respectively. Further, it is
confirmed that the natural dyes contain bioactive phytochemicals like tannins, phenols and flavonoids
that provide a significant antibacterial activity which will help it to be beneficially utilized in protective
medical clothing.
Synthesis of Fluorene Based Alternating Copolymers using Direct Arylation Polymerization
Authors: Sarjadi Mohd Sani , Khen Yap Leong , Wong Xin Lin , Jamain Zuhair , Rahman Md Lutfor
Published: January 2021

Many researches have been done to obtain a low band gap and high Polymeric solar cell (PSCs)
polymer either by creating new polymer or revising reported polymers from previous studies. In present
work, two new copolymers were synthesized through direct arylation polymerization to produce
poly(9,9-didodecylfluorene-alt-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (P1) and poly(9,9-didodecylfluorene-altthieno[
3,2-b]thiophene) (P2). The P1 and P2 are donor-accepter copolymers. P1 and P2 were compared
to investigate its suitability to be applied in PSCs. The polymers obtained were characterized using
FT-IR, NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. P1 shows two adsorption bands at λmax1 = 243 nm and λmax2 =
320 nm, whereas P2 also shows two adsorption bands at λmax1 = 243 nm and λmax2 = 427 nm. The
optical band gap was calculated, P1 enabled band gap of 3.88 eV while P2 showed band gap of 2.91
eV. This work could be provided an insight to design and synthesize more efficient fluorene-based
copolymers as active layer of PSCs in due course.
Variations in Andrographolide Content, Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Leaves of Andrographis paniculata (L.) Nees Collected from Different Locations of Southern India
Authors: Vinayak G. , Praveen N.
Published: January 2021

In present study, the samples collected from different locations of Southern India viz., Yellapur Beltargadde, Siddapur, Joida, Ankola, Sirsi Kangod, Yellapur Shalabail, Sirsi Bairumbe, Karwar of Karnataka and Kasaragod from Kerala were analyzed for the andrographolide content, total phenolic and flavonoid content and screened for their antioxidant potential. The A. paniculata leaves were extracted with three different solvents (chloroform, methanol and water) and methanolic extract of Siddapur showed highest (8.82 ± 0.25 mg/g DW) amount of phenolic content whereas, aqueous extract of Ankola (3.00 ± 1.18 mg/g DW) showed the least amount. Chloroform extract of Yellapur Beltargadde village showed highest quantity i.e. 1.87 ± 0.50 mg/g DW of flavonoid content and aqueous extract of Yellapur Beltargadde showed 0.30 ± 0.20 mg/g DW which was least among all the tested samples. The sample collected from Karwar was found to have highest andrographolide content (9.36 ± 0.02 mg/g DW) followed by Yellapur Beltargadde sample with 7.29 ± 0.01 mg/g DW and Sirsi Kasaragod has the lowest contents of 1.54 ± 0.1 mg/g DW when analyzed through HPLC. Among the nine locations, methanol extract from Joida showed highest percentage of scavenging activity (91.95%) followed by methanol extract of Ankola (90.42%) and chloroform extract of Siddapur (77.31%) which was the lowest value of all samples tested.
Bioremediation of Pollutants and Sustainable Energy Production through
Bacterial Activities in Microbial Fuel Cells: An Overview
Authors: KAKAR ROZINA , ABDULLAH AMIRUL-AL-ASHRAF , RASHID MOHD , HUSSAIN RABIA TASADUQ , YAAKOP AMIRA SURIATY , BHAWANI SHOWKAT AHMAD
Published: January 2021

Electrical energy generation can be achieved in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) through the catalytic action of microorganisms which can
oxidize organic matter and convert it into a biofilm. In MFCs, the exoelectrogens play a crucial role. MFCs is eco-friendly promising
technology that produces electricity from various organic substrates. It is a novel and environmentally friendly approach for bioremediation
and sustainable electricity production. The fact that heavy metals contributing adversely to the environmental pollution thus the microbial
fuel cell technology has a solution for this as well, performing the removal and recovery of heavy metals by using both single and doublechambered
MFCs. Many studies show that the new strains of microbes can produce power densities individually as high as strains from
mixed communities. However, the implementation of this technology is just limited to the laboratory scale because of a few challenges like
low efficiencies, low production rates. This review article focuses an introduction about the role and mechanism of different microorganisms
towards energy production, biofilm formation, high power producing microbes inside the microorganisms, the electron transfer mechanism
to the electrodes and vice-versa and the removal of heavy metals.
Tomsk School of Archaeological Thought: the Formation Period
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, V. Ganenok , L. Kitova ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the formation period of the Tomsk school of archaeological though. The authors indicate that from the very beginning of its existence Tomsk University (TSU) had an organizational basis for archaeological research, that is the university museum of Archaeology and Ethnography. In the early 1940s, first prerequisites for the formation of an archaeological school emerged. They included the restoration of the History Faculty at TSU, the activity of K.E. Grinevich and A.P. Dulzon, the establishment of a students’ archaeological circle, the Basandayka (1944–1946) and Chulym (1946–1951) expeditions. V.I. Matyushchenko created the Tomsk School of Archaeological Thought by the mid-1970s. He was one of the first Siberian scientists to defend his Candidate’s Thesis in Archaeology (1960). It is under his leadership that TSU archaeologists implemented a unified plan for the study of ancient and medieval sites in the Middle Ob region and adjacent areas, created the Fundamental Research Laboratory for Archaeology and Ethnology of Siberia (FRLAES) and regular West Siberian archaeological and later archaeological and ethnographic meetings were first held. Concentration of archaeologists, ethnographers and anthropologists within the framework of FRLAES at TSU made it possible to bring interdisciplinary research to a new level, led to the creation and development of a unified program for studying cultures and peoples of the Middle Ob region from prehistory to the modern period, which in general still determines the peculiarity of the Tomsk School of Archaeological thought. The concepts proposed by the TSU archaeologists were recognized by their colleagues: in the first half of the 1970s V.I. Matyushchenko defended his Doctoral thesis, and some of his students – their candidates’ theses.
Munkahelyi tanulást befolyásoló tényezők – humán-számítógép együttműködés vizsgálata (Influencing factors of on-the-job learning – Analysis of human-computer collaboration)
Authors: Ferincz Adrienn , Hortoványi Lilla
Published: January 2021

A komplex, dinamikus, tudásalapú társadalomban nemcsak a tanulás formái, hanem a tanulás helyszínei is módosulnak, s a munkahely tanulásban betöltött szerepe felértékelődött. A munkahelyi környezet is számos átalakuláson esett át, az információs és kommunikációs technológiák (IKT) fejlődésével egyidejűleg lehetővé vált többek között a távmunka, jelentősen átformálva a munkavégzés és a munkahelyi interakciók módját. A kutatók arra keresték a választ kutatásukban, hogy a szervezeten belül milyen tényezők támogatják vagy gátolják a munkahelyi tanulást. A kutatás fő üzenete, hogy a tanulás keretrendszere, az egyéni képességek és az észlelt tanulási szituáció együttesen határozza meg a munkahelyi tanulást. A kutatók eredményüket kvalitatív kutatással feltárt három esettanulmányon keresztül ismertetik. ____ In a knowledge-based society not only the forms of learning have been changed but also the places of learning. The role of workplace in the learning process is becoming more important. Meantime, there has been a substantial change in the working conditions as the development in information and communication technologies (ICTs) makes it possible to telecommute transforming remarkably the way of working and the interactions at the workplace. The central question of the research is which intra-organizational factors support or hinder onthe- job learning. The main message of the research is that the learning framework, the individual cognitive competences and the perceived learning situation influence collectively on-the-job learning. Authors present the results of the qualitative research though three case studies.
Transitions in Productivity: Rice Intensification from Domestication to Urbanisation
Authors: Fuller Dorian Q.
Published: January 2021

Archaeobotanical research in East and Southeast Asia provides evidence for transitions between lower and higher productivity forms of rice. These shifts in productivity are argued to help explain patterns in the domestication process and the rise of urban societies in these regions. The domestication process, which is now documented as having taken a few millennia, and coming to an end between 6700 and 5900 bp, involved several well documented changes, all of which served to increase the yield of rice harvests by an estimated 366 per cent; this increase provides an in-built pull factor for domestication. Once domesticated, rice diversified into higher productivity, labour-demanding wet rice and lower-yield dry rice. While wet rice in the Lower Yangtze region of China provided a basis for increasing population density and social hierarchy, it was the development of less productive and less demanding dry rice that helped to propel the migrations of farmers and the spread of rice agriculture across South China and Southeast Asia. Later intensification in Southeast Asia, a shift back to wet rice, was a necessary factor for increasing hierarchy and urbanisation in regions such as Thailand.
Urban Landscapes of Power in the Iberian Peninsula from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages (ULP.PILAEMA Project)
Authors: Ramos Isabel Sánchez
Published: January 2021

Debates surrounding late antique societies have attracted renewed interest from an archaeological perspective. Attention given to this period between the fifth and the eighth centuries reflects present-day issues closely related to urban landscapes and long-term change in the human occupation of space. The aim of the ULP.PILAEMA Project is to examine the interaction of new elites on urban life between the late Roman and early Middle Ages through the study of the main components of townscape. The project is articulated around a series of key Spanish case studies selected on the basis of the quality of their architecture and topography and the reconstructions that this evidence facilitates for late antiquity. Taken together, the examples chosen present a coherent and up-to-date perspective of how cities transformed as symbolic places. The goal of the project is to explore ways in which topographies of governance were configured and to identify urban patterns to compare with other places and regions in Western Europe. Understanding the rise of bishoprics, monasteries and official buildings and their built environment as an expression of social interactions has allowed us to explain the origins and development of early medieval centres of power in Spain.
Effect of Solvent Treatment on Siro and Ring Spun TFO Polyester Yarn
Authors:   National Institute of Fashion Technology, Department of Fashion Design, Jodhpur, Raj, 342037, India, Lal Regar Madan , Islam Amjad Akhtarul ,   Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, Department of Textile Engineering, Kanpur, UP, 208001, India, Joshi Shubham ,   Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, Department of Textile Engineering, Kanpur, UP, 208001, India
Published: January 2021

Yarns and fabrics can be improved through structural modifications. Using an organic solvent is a novel and popular approach for a structural modification in the field of textiles. In the present work, Siro-spun® and TFO (Two for one Twisters) polyester yarns were modified with a solvent-acid mixture of aceton and trichloroacetic acid : methylene chloride (TCAMC). Both types of yarn samples were treated in a relaxed state with various concentrations of the solvent’s mixture at room temperature. The influence of the treatment with respect to linear density and TCAMC concentration on mechanical properties was investigated. Modified yarns exhibited higher breaking elongation, improved abrasion resistance and lower tenacity. It was also found that the methods of yarn manufacturing contribute significantly to the tensile behaviour of modified yarns. The improvement in elongation was higher in the treated TFO yarn. The abrasion resistance index was found to be lower in the case of siro polyester yarns. Furthermore, significant mass loss in yarn was observed after the treatment of TCAMC.
Student Attendance Pattern Detection and Prediction
Authors: Muzaferija Ibrahim , Mašetić Zerina , Jukić Samed , Kečo Dino ,   International Burch University
Published: January 2021

Since the early beginnings of education systems, attendance has always played a crucial role in student success, as well as in the overall interest of the matter. The most productive way of increasing the student attendance rate is to understand why it decreases, try to predict when it is going to happen, and act on causing factors in order to prevent it. Many benefits of predicted and increased attendance rate can be achieved, including better lecture organization (i.e. lecture time and duration, lecture class choice, etc). This paper describes the steps in the extraction of knowledge from the university's student database and making a model that predicts whether the student will attend the class or not. Results show that the attendance patterns are best reflected when employing a decision tree algorithm, a C4.5 model that is interpretable and able to predict the attendance with 0.81 AUC performance measure
"Leveraging Raspberry Pi as a server for the integration of the NETCONF protocol within IoT systems based on YANG"
Authors: Đumić Dalibor , Lubura Slobodan
Published: January 2021

Herein the idea of leveraging Raspberry Pi as a server for the integration of an incipient network management protocol, the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), within IoT systems based on YANG is presented. The practical realization of this idea requires the implementation of the NETCONF protocol together with REpresentational State Transfer web services (RESTful). Such an interesting and innovative practical realization like this opens new additional possibilities in domotics systems and these possibilities will be discussed in this paper.