bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Shear Strength Behavior of self-compact reinforced concrete Two-way Bubble Deck Slab with Shear Reinforcement
Authors: Harba Ibrahim S. I. , Hammed Mais A.
Published: June 2019

Bubble Deck is a new construction technology uses hollow plastic balls to eliminate the concrete in the middle part of the solid slab which has a little effect on the performance of the structure. So, this part significantly decreases the self-weight of the structure. Usually, the most critical point in the design of the bubbled slab is the design of a slab-column connection due to the concentration of loads and moments. This paper presents a numerical analysis by ABAQUS/2018 program through using the damage plasticity model to simulate the influence of the cavities due to using the plastic balls on the punching behavior and the effect of strengthening the punching zone by using different shear reinforcement systems on the maximum punching load and deformation capacity. Three slab specimens from the numerical analysis model have been simulated against the experimental results. The calculation of error in the model lies between 4% and 6%. Parametric of study have also been accomplished to realize the effect of the changes in shear reinforcement ratio with bubble slab. It has found that the ultimate strength and deformation capacity have increased when shear reinforcement ratio.
Sustainable Spatial Development of Oil Investment Locations in Iraq) An Analytical Study of Environmental Impact (The site of the field Ahdab in Wasit province as a case study
Authors: Al-Zaidy Turki Amer , Motlak Jamal B
Published: June 2019

The existence of a large oil industry leading the Iraqi economic sector has a pivotal role in economic development. Development in the oil sector, which follows geographical determinism, does not mean that it achieves economic development only, but must achieve sustainable development too. The process of investment as an engine for development in the oil sector, especially after oil contracts, which allowed the global companies to work in the oil sector in Iraq, contributed to increase the quantities of oil and gas production, and helped the sites near the oil fields to be more economically efficient. The research problem focused on the negative effects of the establishment and continuation of the work of oil investment projects on the local environment, including agricultural land area as well as soil, air, and water. The research aims to introduce the philosophy of environmental sustainability in oil investment projects, to achieve development for the societies near of the oil fields, and ensure that the environment is not damaged. This will be done by putting the hypothesis that: including the dimensions of sustainable environmental development within the adoption of oil investment policy, helps to improve the spatial development of the oil investment site and improve the quality of life of the community. Descriptive analysis used to study the environmental effects of the Ahdab oil field / Al-ahrar Nahiya / Numaniya Qada / Wasit province as a case study. The study found that there are significant negative impacts on agricultural land, air, water and soil. The local community quashinare represented by members of local governments (members of the provincial council, local council of Nu’maniyah, and the local council of the Al-ahrar Nahia), believe that the company’s performance about theenvironmentis unsatisfactory.A number of relevant conclusions and recommendations were presented.
Some Properties of Concrete by Replacing Sand with Sulphate Content Higher than Specification Limits with Slag Sand
Authors: Mahdi Zainab H.
Published: June 2019

There are many recent problems in several quarries of natural sand containing sulphate ratios outside the limits of the specification has led to difficulty in obtaining sand conforms to specifications in terms of the proportion of sulphate. To solve this problem, in this search was used the iron industry waste called slag iron that forming a burden on the environment. Where it was broken down and converted into a sand and then use the replacement rates (0, 25, 35, 50 and 100)% from a failing natural sand. Test conducted compressive strength and electrical resistivity to find out the impact of replaced the slag sand by failing natural sand on its. The results showed that the best replacement ratio was 50% by weight of failing sand and the rate of increase in the compressive strength (31.3 and 7)% at age 28 day compared mixture containing failing natural sand and the mixture containing the successful natural sand respectively. But when the total replacement of the failing sand by slag sand was the percentage increase (79.1 and 46) % compared to the same mixtures and age. The results of electrical resistivity tests showed significantly reduced for the mixtures which were the replacement the failing sand by slag sand with rates (0, 25, 35, 50 and 100) % compared to the mixtures containing successful natural sand where the rate of decline at age 28 day (30.8, 52.7, 60.8, 64.8 and 86.2) % respectively.
The Impact of Financial Problems Related to Investment Projects in Iraq
Authors: Naji Hafiz I. , Mahmood Mohammed Sh. , Mohammad Huda E.
Published: June 2019

This paper investigates the problems that face the process of investment financially in Iraq. The decision to finance and search for the appropriate sources of funding for the project is one of the most important topics facing the path of projects and investors in light of the limited alternatives available and this decision will ultimately affect the success of the project in the future and continuity. The investment process in Iraq in the current time suffers from a list of problems (Lack of specialized investment banks to finance investment projects, the Weak role of financial institutions in providing banking facilities, Suspension of funding of projects by their financiers, Austerity due to the financial crisis has adversely affected the financial allocations of bodies, Lack of stability in the price of construction materials; and government delays in paying dues to private sector companies).

It has been found that (37%) of the investment projects in Iraq have been stopped in the period from (2008-2017). The accumulation of financial benefits on loans taken by the private sector and its companies from banks and public and financial institutions due to delay in repaying these loans (4.6), and government delays in paying dues to private sector companies (4.5), which means that these two problems are affecting highly and negatively on the investment process. Several solutions are discussed to be benefit in solving the investment financial problems in Iraq.
Environmental Consideration In Flood Mitigation And River Restoration
Authors: Sammen Saad Sh. , Mohammad Thamer Ahmed , Majeed Qutaiba G.
Published: June 2019

One of the fundamental section of sustainable improvement in river basin systems and has multifunctional targets is river restoration. The targets of river restoration are to minimize the physical degradation and recover river elegance value, pollution manage and good ecosystem with biodiversity. River restoration is a multidisciplinary task in which engineer, hydrologist, geologist and ecologist can work together to enhance river environment. In decades ago, Malaysia was exposed to fast evolution and subsequently extreme flooding has happened especially in urban territories. In order to minimize flood damage, the flood mitigation measures were taken and channel improvement is mainly utilized for this goal. Due to the insufficient available river reserve and perhaps the absence of environmental awareness, previously, the consultant engineers usually advised a wider and deeper rectangular concrete river channel to mitigate the flood damage. The replacement of the natural river channel with a concrete channel outcomes are increased physical degradation and lowering of aesthetic and recreational values of rivers. Lately, there is a strong confirmation to take into account the environmental effect in rivers canalizing. Malaysian experience in restoration of the urban river will be focused on in this study, with a particular emphasis on environmentally friendly materials utilized for flood mitigation goals.
Effect of Ceramic Nanoparticles on Nanofluids Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Jehhef K A , Yasin N J
Published: June 2019

In this study, an extensive experimental evaluation is conducted on the electrical conductivity of water based nanofluids containing three types of ceramic nanoparticles of (Al2O3, CuO and ZrO2) with different nanoparticles concentrations of (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 vol. %) and for various temperatures ranged by (20-80 °C) by using deionized water as a base fluid. The nanofluids volume (water/nanoparticles) is used at (200 ml). The nanofluid sample mixes slowly by stirring and ultrasonic vibration sonicator with power of (50 W) for a maximum time of (15-20 minutes) to break up any particle aggregates with no any surfactant that is added into the nanofluids to avoid reunion. The electrical conductivity of nanofluids is measured by electrical conductivity meter. Results indicate that the effect of solution temperature on the nanofluids electrical conductivity has little effect in the range of 20–40 °C, but the effect of temperature is increased in the temperature range of 40–80 °C. Also, the percent of electrical conductivity enhancement is 80%, 75% and 50 % when using the nanofluids of CuO, Al2O3 and ZrO2 respectively. Finally, the theoretical model of Maxwell is used to compare with the present experimental results and it gives an agreements.
Wear Behavior and Mechanism of CoCrMo Alloy Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Route
Authors: Abbass Muna Khethier , Yagoob Jawdat Ali
Published: June 2019

This research is devoted to study the wear behavior and mechanism of CoCrMo alloy due to the uitilization of the alloy in application mainly exposed to wear. Samples fabricated by powder metallurgy route compacted under (1000MPa) and sintered at (1200ºC) in the argon atmosphere. Wear test type pin-on-disc was performed under dry sliding condition over steel counterface disc. For the first group of wear tests four vertically loads (10,15,20 and 25) N were applied at fixed sliding speed (1.476) m.s−1, time (15 min) and sliding distance (1329m). The second group of tests were conducted at fixed applied load (25) N for (60 min) interrupted to four equal intervals and at the same above sliding speed. The worn surface of the tested samples and formed wear debris particles were investigated and analyzed with aid of SEM and SEM-Mapping facilities. The results showed that the wear rate increased by increasing the applied load and a transition from mild wear to severe wear was occurred at (20 N) for fixed sliding time (15min). The maximum measured wear rate was (39.72×10−7) mm3.mm−1at the highest applied load. While for the second group the wear rate was decreased when the sliding time exceeded 30 min. The main wear mechanism was adhesive type detected by material transfer, with lower abrasive type which is revealed from the existence of fine grooves. Oxidation and plastic deformation features are also observed.
Studying the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Porcelanite: lithium metasilicate Composite as a Dental Veneer Material
Authors: Zinad Raghad Saad , Merzah Amel Salih , Mohammed Sarah Kareem
Published: June 2019

This study is designed to prepare and evaluate a new composite material composed of Porcelanite and lithium metasilicate, mixing them in different weight percentages 20:80, 25:75, 40:60, 50:50,and 75:25, respectively, in order to develop a new composite material by a solid state reaction method, with advanced properties for physical and mechanical which can be used for dental veneer applications. Results show that the percentage of Porcelanite strongly enhances these properties for the composite, until reaching the sample with (75% Porcelanite and 25% Lithium meta silicate), which is begun to reduce. The best weight percentage from the view of physical properties, cold crushing strength, and the micro hardness, will be the 50% Porcelanite, which is suggested it to be as a good dental material used in veneer applications.
Preparation pure ZnO, La-doped ZnO nanoparticles using sol-gel technique: Characterization and Evaluation Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Salman O N , Ahmed D S , Abed A L , Dawood M O
Published: June 2019

In this work, pure ZnO and La-doping ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by using Sol-Gel technique followed by heat treatment calcinated at 450 °C for 3 h. The resulting samples were characterized by elemental analysis, like a XRD, FTIR and FESEM for structural and morphological properties and study the influence of different percentages of La to ZnO after heat treatment calcination as well as improving small size of crystalline size of doping ZnO especially at 0.50% and 0.75% of La. The effect of different percentages (0.25, 0.5 & 0.75%) of La doped ZnO were evaluated against gram negative (E. coli) which exhibits higher antibacterial activity than pure ZnO sample using plate count method.
Evaluation of velocity distribution utilizing the helically coiled tape in a conical diffuser
Authors: Shukri Askari Ehan Sabah , Hussein Afaf Ali , Khudhier Ahmed
Published: June 2019

Numerical analyses study is reported on the flow characteristics in a conical diffuser with a helical tape insert. In this study, a rectangular tape of 5 mm width and 2 mm thickness is used inside the inner wall of the diffuser to induce additional recirculation. The numerical results are achieved for different Reynolds numbers (58035, 116072, 174108 and 232144) based on the inlet hydraulic diameter. The simulations are carried out with constant inlet condition considering the flow turbulent and incompressible. Air is used as a working fluid and maintained at constant room temperature. From a similar inlet condition, the results indicated that the velocity distribution is well enhanced.
Investigation of Sinter Braze Ferrous Powder Metallurgy to Wrought Substrates by Ancorbraze 72 Filler Metal Alloy
Authors: Falih Doaa A. , Hashim Fadhil A. , Hussein Sabah Kh.
Published: June 2019

Brazing processes were carried out using a Ancorbraze 72 and BAg8 fillers alloy, and furnace with Argon gas, characterization of the final joint is supported with optical microscopy, SEM, EDS and Hardness tests. This research is focused on the two steps, the first step is preparing the samples from powder metallurgy of pure Fe, Ni and Fe, Ni alloys. Second step, brazing these samples. Finally, experimental illustrated that BAg8 filler metal was not suitable for protact brazing due to its narrow melting range while protact brazing was suitable for Ancorbraze 72. The Ancobraze filler metal alloy contains boron, silicon elements make affinity for iron and nickel to make joint. It seem that the iron base metal joint more affinity to make a joint with respect to the selected filler metal (nickel, copper, manganic, silicon and boron). This positive effect was obtained due to the effect of Ancorbraze 72 filler metal elements and the distribution of these elements in the joined powder matallurage (P/M) samples after brazing processes.
Experimental Study of a Rectangular Storage Solar Collector with a numerical analysis
Authors: Ahmed Omer K. , Daoud Raid W. , Mahmood Omer T.
Published: June 2019

In this article, a practical and numerical assessment was accomplished on a rectangular storage collector to be used for household purposes. This design can be utilized as a water reservoir to substitute the classical reservoirs generally utilized in Iraq to achieve two goals are heating and storing water together. The experiment shows that the maximum temperature rise through this collector was about 10.5 °C at 3 p.m. An experiment with a continuous flow of working fluid was also conducted. Experiment results show that the outlet water temperature of 28 °C is reached about 1 p.m. and diminished after this time. Performance results showed that the ratio of sunlit area to storage volume is an important parameter affecting the performance of this design of integrated solar collector. This ratio should be more than 12 to provide a suitable amount of warm water in the winter season. The performance of the rectangular storage collector was, broadly, identical to the performance of the classical solar heaters. The free convection phenomenon in the enclosure of the rectangular collector was investigated by using the Fluent program. There is a good correlation between the Fluent data and the experimental results obtained from the experiments.
Study the Effect of Addition nano-TiO2 by Dispersion Method on the Some Mechanical Properties and Durability of Cement Mortar
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed J. , Al-Jadiri Rand Salih , Wahab Ali Manolia Abed AL
Published: June 2019

The main aim of this study consists of the influence of nano-particle on some mechanical properties of cement mortar with and without nano particles replacement mortar was experimentally studied. The nano-particle used in this study was nano-Titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) with the particle size of 30nm.This study involves the mixing method of nano-materials addition and interventions with cement mortar behavior for many mortar samples under variable curing time with constant (W/C = 0.45). Some mechanical properties like (specific compressive strength, split tensile strength and water absorption tests) was studied. In this study the main parameters depend include the small amount replacement ratio of nano-particle (nano-TiO2) and dispersion methods with respect to the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) type (I). The percentage of nano-material replacement on the mixture of cement mortar includes (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 3%) for nano-materials with constant W/C ratio and also the amount of the fine aggregate use 2.75 from the amount of cement. The results show that, the strength of the mortar consist 1% and 1.5% TiO2 nano-particles are desired than traditional mortar. The results show that, the strength of the mortar consists of with ultrasonic dispersion of colloidal nano materials give better properties than reference specimens in all test. But the Nano-Titanium dioxide - materials give good properties up to 1.5%.
Numerical study of drilling fluids pressure drop in wellbores with pipe rotation
Authors: Flayh Sara J , Sultan Hussein S , Alshara Ahmed K
Published: June 2019

Determining of the pressure loss is very complicated task in the petroleum drilling industry. In the present study the effect of different drilling muds flowing inside rotating pipe and exist from an annuals investigated. The effect of rotating speed and inlet speed. The flow is turbulent, steady and 3D with non-Newtonian fluid. The governing equations (continuity and momentum) are solved numerically using CFD with fluent soft package. The results are presented as : stream line, contours, pressure drop and wall shear stress. The results show that pressure drop is decreased when pipe rotational speed increase. slight increasing in shear stress at pipe rotating speed less than 200 rpm for same inlet velocity. Moreover, remarkable shear stress increasing can be observed as the rotational speed equal to or higher than 200 rpm.
Influence of Adding CuO and MoS2 Nano-particles to Castor Oil and Moulding Oil on Tribological Properties
Authors: Sattar Noori Asmaa Abdul , Hussein Haidar Akram , Namer Nasri S. M.
Published: June 2019

The tribological properties of adding copper oxide (CuO) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles powder in both organic (castor oil) and mineral oil (moulding oil) were investigated. These properties include coefficient of friction and wear between two surfaces, CK50 steel alloy and 2024-T4 aluminum alloy. The Nano lubricants were prepared by dispersing CuO and MoS2 nanoparticle powders at variable weight fractions 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 2.0% in each oil lubricant. The friction and wear tests were carried out using a pin on the disk test principle by the vertical universal friction testing machine (MMW-1A). The instability problem with the lubricant suspension was solved by adding different weight fractions of GUM ARABIC, which leads to 2% of it gives more stable suspensions. The best results from both friction and wear Tribo tests are observed in 1%W of adding both nanoparticles to both oil lubricants. The formation of Tribo film due to the adsorption and adherence of Nano additives on the surfaces was responsible in reducing the wear properties. Hybrid (1%Wt CuO + 1Wt% MoS2) nanoparticles that added to both oils indicates more decreasing in friction and wear compared to the base oil. The coefficient of friction for hybrid Nano-particulate lubricants reduced to 81.7% and 76.03%, while the wear rate reduced to 93.17% and 92.23% compared to castor oil and moulding oil respectively as a base oil. The study provides insights into how Nano-lubricant additives could contribute towards tribological enhancement and improved product quality.
The Behavior of Dry Sliding Wear for Aluminium Bronze Alloy Reinforced by Al2O3 and TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Ajeel Sami A. , Yaseen Rabiha S. , Keqal Asaad
Published: June 2019

In this investigation deals with a dry sliding wear of Aluminium bronze alloy reinforced by nanoparticles of α-Al2O3 and Rutile-TiO2. Stir casting method was used by induction furnace to increase wettability between nanoparticles and melting matrix. The copper base alloys reinforced with different percentages of (1.5 and 3 weight percent) of nanoparticles α-Al2O3 and Rutile-TiO2 separately and together. These samples were tested to investigate wear behaviour, using Ball-on-Disc technique, and examined with some variables of wear parameters, such as applied load, and rotational speed with a fixed time of 20 minutes. The Scanning Electron Microscope was used to study the effect of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles on the topography of worn surfaces of samples. The hardness values were increased to 227.6 Hv after addition equal amounts of 3%wt Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The friction coefficient increases to 0.71 when a load of 20 N and it decreases when a rotational speed increases. The wear rate of alloy decreases to (1.38×10-7 g/cm) when added equal amounts of 1.5%wt Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles under the best condition at 20 N, 300 rpm and 20 minutes. While the wear rate becomes (1.17×10-7 g/cm) when adding equal amounts 3wt% of the Al2O3 and TiO2. The microstructure of the worm surface showed the reduction in delamination occurs due to enhancing in the wear resistance of alloys and improve the hardness of alloys by nanoparticles reinforcement.
Copper Thin Film Deposited By PVD on Aluminum AA4015 Substrate for Thermal Solar Application
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed J. , Sukkar Khalid A. , Abbas Ahmed S.
Published: June 2019

The copper nanoparticles (CuNP) films have been deposited on Aluminum-4015 substrate by PVD technique. Structural of thin film layer achieved have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). While the chemical composition percentage of the multilayers (Zn-Ni) combined with thin layer and substrate evaluated via ED-XRF, other characterization likes surface morphology have been investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FESM and AFM. Optical properties especially thermal absorption was measured in the UV/Vis range. The effect of coating parameter like time coating resulting different thickness thin film (50,100 and 150) nm deposited on Aluminum substrate have been studied and the influence on optical properties. SEM analysis and AFM results show that prepared films were denser with nanosize grains between (26-54) nm. Also, XRD results show nano copper was the main chemical component in the films. The films prepared by this technique have better optical properties like good absorption ranged between (87%-97%). Decreasing the emittance and increase the absorption leads finally achieve a good selectivity coating using in the solar thermal application.
Influence of shot peening on bending forces for MIG dissimilar welding joint aluminum alloys
Authors: Hassan Khairia Salman , Hanash Khalil Esmail , Razooqi Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the influence of MIG welding method was investigated on bending quality for two aluminum alloys (2024-T3 and 6061-T6) which were joint together and metal inert gas (MIG) has been implemented on plate to get butt joints weldments in dimensions of (200 x 50 x 10) mm, a ready angle of 60 ° in V shape and square weld joint. The symbol of filler metal is ER-4043(Al-Si5), and argon has been used as a shield gas. The welded joints were exposed to X-ray radiography and faulty pieces were expected Welding joint were exposed to heat treatment in the furnace up to 190 °C for an hour then the test specimens were cooled by air to relieve welding stress. Welded and base specimens were machined into dimensions agreeing to the ASTM (E 190-92) bending standard. number of these specimens were exposed to a shot peening technique at a time (15) minutes using steel ball at a diameter of 1.25 mm. microstructure examination and Vickers hardness test were carry out. Results show a general decay in bending qualities of MIG weld joint compared with unwedded joints, and in the disparate joint unite with original metal due to the change of the microstructure during the welding process. Shot peening contributed to improving the bending strength of V and square weld joints with a percentage of 48% and 71 %, respectively.
Neural Networks for Synchronous Generator Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Nashee Asaad F , Herez Atheer H
Published: June 2019

Fault Diagnosis is play vital rule in the industrial applications and machine drives for the fault analysis (FA) and predicting the level of severity to optimise maintenance and improve reliability. Early detection of faults in the supervised process renders it possible to perform important preventative actions. In this paper, fault diagnosis of stator and rotor windings using field current as fault indicator. Static neural network (NN) has been implemented as fault classifier under different operating conditions. The results obtained from the real time simulation demonstrates the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed methodology. The detection and identification of faults in accurately way ensure the importance of the neural networks in the fault diagnosis field.
Modeling and simulation of electrolyte pH change in conventional ISFET using commercial Silvaco TCAD
Authors: Dinar Ahmed M. , Mohd Zain AS , Salehuddin F. , Attiah Mothana L. , Abdulhameed M.K. , Mohsen Mowafak k.
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes a numerical simulation approach to study the electrolyte pH change of ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) structures using Silvaco technology computer-aided design (TCAD) tools. This paper examines the ISFET device’s electrical response to electrolyte pH change. The modeling method is exploited by changing the potential surface charge depending on the electrolyte pH change and investigating how will it cause threshold voltage shift of ISFET device and other transfer characteristic parameters. The properties of a user-defined material offered by Silvaco are exploited to simulate the electrolyte behavior. The parameters of silicon semiconductor material (i.e., energy bandgap, permittivity, affinity, and density of states) are set to reconstruct an electrolyte solution. The electrostatic solution of the electrolyte area is investigated by giving a numerical solution for the semiconductor equation inside this area. Results show excellent agreement between theoretical model and self-consistency TCAD model. Additionally, transfer characteristics of a conventional ISFET device are simulated. The ID current as a function of the reference voltage VRef. and drain voltage VD for different pH scale and ID current as a function of VDS for different VRef. values for specific pH value are simulated. The proposed model allows accurate and efficient ISFET modeling by trying different designs and further optimization with commercial Silvaco TCAD tools rather than expensive fabrication.
Optimal Sizing and Location of DG Units for Enhancing Voltage Profile and Minimizing Real Power Losses in the Radial Power Systems Based on PSO Technique
Authors: Al-Tameemi Zaid H. , Neda Omar Muhammed , Jumaa Fadhel A. , Al-Mamoori Dalya H. , Aljanabi Mohanad H. , Jasim Jasim Mohmed
Published: June 2019

Distributed generation (DG) units have an important number of economic, environmental and technical features, which can contribute to the improvement of the reliability and security of the electric grid. However, all benefits that mentioned before cannot be maximised and enhanced unless the best sizing and position of distributed generation units are accurately determined. The arbitrary placement of DG units can lead to negative influences on the electrical networks. A noteworthy number of methods have been suggested to compute the optimal sizing and position of Distributed generation (DG) units in distribution networks. However, some of them focused on an analytical approach to estimate the optimum allocation of DG units in the radial distribution networks. Indeed, although this method was considered both constant and variable loads, as well as this method, overcome the problem of convergence, but the optimal sizing of DG units was not considered. The main intention of this study is to improve a technique that based on an intelligent algorithm for optimal planning and operation of DG technologies to minimise the real power losses, boost the voltage profile and enhance the overall reliability. IEEE Node-15 system has been taken to perform this study based on a MATLAB environment.in a single paragraph.
An Optimal FACTS Device Allocation for Improving the Power Loss Factors in IEEE 9 Bus System
Authors: Dawood Mustafa N , Abd Jameel K
Published: June 2019

This paper deals with power quality improvement by using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and Second Generation of FACTS Static Compensator (STATCOM) according to change of the reactive and real power of the load, a suitable high response compensator is needed. UPFC, (Thyristor controlled tap changer) TCTC, (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) TCSC, SSSC, STATCOM and SVC are the compensators belonging to FACTS devices. this paper used UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller), STATCOM (Static Compensator) and static synchronous Series compensator (SSSC). there are three such compensators belonging to FACTS devices. Models for the UPFC, SSSC, and STATCOM are analysis using MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results of nine bus system with UPFC, SSSC, and STATCOM are presented. MATLAB codes are utilized for the implementation of the three FACTS devices in the Newton – Raphson algorithm. Power flow control was evaluated for nine bus system.
OFDM based FFT compared with OFDM based wavelet transform
Authors: Zayer Wael H , Kateeb Ahmed
Published: June 2019

In recent year the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing widely used in wireless communication system, the conventional structure of OFDM used Inverse Fast Fourier Transform for modulation and multiplexing the data at the transmitter side and used Fast Fourier Transform at the receiver to demodulation and demultiplexing the data. In this paper, Inverse Wavelet Transform IWT used in transmitter instead of IFFT and Wavelet Transform WT in receiver side instead of FFT and compared between two methods with different noise in the AWGN channel. The performance found by bit error rate BER. Also different modulation scheme have been used (16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM and 128-QAM) and different types of wavelet filters Daubechies (Db-3, Db-5, Db-8, Db-10) and Haar filter. to compare between them and find which achieved better performance.
Study on known models of NB-IoT Applications in Iraqi environments
Authors: Jaber Tanya Abdulsattar , Hussein Mohammed AbdulRidha
Published: June 2019

Internet of things (IoT) considerably changes connectivity requirements, in particular concerning longer battery life, lower device costs, lower deployment costs, increased support and coverage for a lot of devices. Starting from those necessities, numerous various cellular and non-cellular low power WAN which could be abbreviated to (LPWAN) solutions emerged lately and are challenging for business related to IoT and the general market of connectivity. Therefore, in this study, Narrowband IoT main characteristics are explained, as well as, the suitability for different IoT applications in smart cities industry. The Narrowband IoT, which could be abbreviated to (NB-IoT), is known as a LPWAN technology of radio criterion which was presented for enabling the connections of various services and devices with the use of cellular tele-communication bands. NB-IoT can be defined as a narrow band radio technology that was created for internet of things (IoT) which is considered as a wide area of Mobile internet of things (MIoT) techniques which were published as a standard through 3GPP (third Generation Partnership Project), applications for NB-IoT could be very wide range and different topics, within this paper suggested NB-IoT applicable models for application in Iraqi environment to solve many problems (Smart white goods, Smart logistics, Smart electricity metering and Smart street lighting). These models based on NB-IoT technologies which are not yet provided by communications providers in Iraq (zain, Asia, korek).
COD removal from disperse blue dye 79 in wastewater by using Ozone-Fenton process
Authors: Mohammed A. E , Hamed H H , Alabdraba W M Sh , Ali O M
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, one of the major problems that can face humankind is the water pollution. In this regard, making this natural resource a fresh and unpolluted is a major social and economic concern. However, a great attention has been given for the removal of organic pollutants discharged within wastewater by using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on generation hydroxyl radicals. Among these, Ozone-Fenton (O3/H2O2/Fe2+) process used in this study as AOPs to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) from Disperse Blue 79 (DB 79) dye in wastewater. Also, the effect of various experimental parameters such as ozone mass flow rate, mole ratio (mole H2O2/mole Fe2+), and reaction time on the COD removal efficiency of DB 79 were studied with constant initial concentration 60 mg/L of DB 79. Based on the results obtained in this study, the maximum COD removal efficiency was 85% achieved at optimum operating parameters are 288 mg/L. h ozone mass flow rate, 33.53 mole ratio (150 mg/L H2O2, 20 mg/L Fe2+), and 60 min reaction time. All Ozone-Fenton experiments were performed using Jar test apparatus at room temperature (23°C ∓ 2) and atmospheric pressure (1 atm). Finally, Ozone-Fenton offered an effective solution as AOPs for degrading pollutant especially DB 79 discharged within wastewater from various industrial processes.
Chlorine concentration-time (C-T) plot for Echhornia Crassipes in water
Authors: Hassan Ghanim , Al-Moameri Harith H. , Ismail Alhassan H.
Published: June 2019

Eichhornia, or water hyacinth represents a serious threat to potable water basins. This problem is materialized majorly in consuming large amounts of water and dissolved Oxygen that is necessary for aquatic life, and minorly in hindering water streams. Even there are limited trials to overcome such pests, none of them presents an acceptable solution economically and logically. Chlorine is a well-known biocide and broadly used in water industry. It could give a possible method to fight such weed. To investigate that, concentration-time plot should be introduced similar to any other microorganisms; especially, bacteria in water. In this work, various doses of Chlorine along various time periods were examined as an introductory to prescribe an adequate method to deal with such water disaster which can severely attack water resources.
Systems of the self-driving vehicle
Authors: Vdovin D S , Khrenov I O
Published: June 2019

The article describes the basic systems of a self-driving vehicle distinguishing it from a conventional car under the control of the driver. The requirements for such systems are formulated, a number of tasks to be solved for each system is described, the interaction of these systems as a part of the design of a self-driving vehicle is described. A classification of types of self-driving control systems is proposed.
Driver assistance systems: analysis, tests and the safety case. ISO 26262 and ISO PAS 21448
Authors: Kirovskii O M , Gorelov V A
Published: June 2019

Modern automotive system must comply with strict safety requirements. This paper focuses on two aspects of safety: functional safety per ISO 26262 (FS) and the safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) per ISO PAS 21448. The FS encompasses a lifecycle ensuring the absence of unreasonable risks due to internal failures of the system. SOTIF concentrates on non-deterministic parts and algorithms (e.g. neural networks), as full specification of their performance is out of reach now. At the same time, FS and its lifecycle are better known to the community and have better history of implementation. This paper presents an approach to integration of FS and SOTIF requirements based on FS lifecycle.
Test bench development for signal registration in millimeter wave automotive radars
Authors: Valuyskiy D V , Panarina A A , Vityazev S V , Vityazev V V
Published: June 2019

A development of a bench for automotive radar signals registration and analysis is considered in this paper. The bench is based on the AWR1642boost evaluation module with 77 GHz carrying frequency. Supporting software is developed to help signal analysis and reflection model creation. The bench aims an investigation of signal reflection properties from some specific types of obstacles and the development of the reflection mathematical models.
Wheel vehicle dynamics real-time simulation for on-board stand-alone moving control system realization
Authors: Buzunov N V , Kotiev G O , Padalkin B V
Published: June 2019

The main problem of design on-board stand-alone moving control system is necessity of prototype object during all design stages. The real-time simulation models of wheel vehicle dynamics help to cope with such difficulties. These models must be similar to real wheel vehicle object sufficiently. The research describes the order of creation real-time simulation models of wheel vehicle dynamics using implicit numerical implementation method with application of higher order derivatives for solving differential equations system. Also the verification and proof of adequacy method is presented. It is noticed that the created real-time model corresponds to physical wheel vehicle object if the solving step of numerical implementation method no more than 0.001 second. Such real-time models can be used for design on-board stand-alone moving control systems.
Simulation of the tire enveloping properties in case of the unmanned car wheel interaction with a rigid uneven surface
Authors: Levenkov Y Y , Vol’skaya N S , Rusanov O A
Published: June 2019

A computational and experimental method is presented for assessing the influence of the roughness of a rigid surface on the stiffness and damping properties of automobile tires. The method is based on the solution of tire-ground contact problem using finite-element analysis. In the paper, the influence of two types of irregularities (peaks and pits), their size and shape and tire air pressure on tire enveloping properties is analyzed.
Study of the optimal reinforcing structure of the compressor wheel from composition material of the transport turbocharged engine
Authors: Fomin V M , Apelinskiy D V , Netrusov A N
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the study was to find the optimal configuration of the main parameters of the reinforcing layer of a compressor wheel made of composite material. The optimization problem for an anisotropic system was solved using the Gauss-Seidel method. According to the results of calculations, it was established that under the condition of preserving the strength of the wheel, there is the possibility of transition to reinforcing layers in which the fibers are oriented only in the circumferential direction, which makes it possible to significantly simplify the technology of its manufacture. The use of reinforcement for compressor wheels made of composite material can significantly reduce its mass and polar moment of inertia, which contributes to the improvement of strength and performance of the turbocharger and the engine as a whole.
Coal industry in Czech Republic
Authors: Cablik V , Hlavata M , Janakova I , Tora B
Published: June 2019

Coal reserved in Czech Republic are estimated to be 10 billion tones – bituminous coal about 37%, brown coal about 60% and lignite 3%. Bituminous coal is produced in Northern Moravia – in 2017 production of bituminous coal was 5.5 milion tons. Brown coal is mined in Nord-Wester Bohemia − production of brown coal in 2017 was 38.1 milion tons. Significant quantities of bituminous coal are exported to Slovakia, Austria, Germany and Hungary. In accordance with the National Energy Policy, coal will remain the main source of energy in the country in the future, despite the increased use of nuclear energy and natural gas. The government expects that in 2030 energy from coal will account for 30.5% of energy produced. There are five coal companies in the Czech Republic: OKD, a.s., the only bituminous coal producer and four brown coal mining companies: Severočeské doly a.s., owned by ČEZ, the largest producer of brown coal, Vršanská uhelná a.s., with coal resources until 2055, Severní energetická a.s. with the largest brown coal reserves in the Czech Republic and Sokolovska uhelná a.s., the smallest mining company extracting lignite. OKD operates coal in two mines Důlní závod 1 – (consists of three mines: ČSA Mine, Lazy Mine, Darkov Mine) and Mine Důlní závod 2 (two mines Sever, Jih). The article also presents a pro-ecological solution for the management of waste heaps after coal enrichment - a plant for the enrichment of coal waste from the Heřmanice heap.
Remediation and revitalisation of industrial areas - a method of promotion
Authors: Biegańska J
Published: June 2019

Mining and industrial activity causes adverse changes in the environment. The shift from industrial to post-industrial society has shaped the appearance of degraded areas. In a post-industrial society, there is a lower demand for production capabilities and higher for services, consumption and recreation. This study discusses projects involving the remediation and revitalisation of post-industrial post-mining areas.
Coal Images Database and Its Application for Selected Coal Grains Properties Analysis
Authors: Iwaszenko S , Róg L
Published: June 2019

The raw materials processing methods play important role in excavation industry. The area is nowadays a target for novel, innovative technology application. One of them is an image processing as an instrument for determination of different material properties. The paper proposes a tool – database system – dedicated for supporting images processing and computer vision methods application in the mining industry. The idea and implementation of the system is presented. The database was supplied with a set of coal images. The images were taken at a special stand, with the calibrated camera. The usefulness of system was tested by application of a pipeline of image processing algorithms. The goal was to estimate the grain size composition of coal and rock matter presented on images. Two algorithms for edges detection were tested: Sobel filter and Statistical Dominance Algorithm. After edges detection, a set of morphological operations were applied of determination of good starting markers for the watershed algorithm. The result showed that both algorithms tend to produce over segmented images. However, SDA performed noticeably better. The experiments proved the usefulness of developed database system dedicated to image processing.
Integration of a selected district heating system with an installation for cogasification of coal and biomass
Authors: Iluk T , Sobolewski A , Szul M , Billig T
Published: June 2019

The article presents a topic related to generation of heat and power in small and medium size coal power units which are able to comply with the emission benchmark of 550 g of CO2/kWh through utilization of biomass. The concept for coal and biomass cogasification installation is based on GazEla reactor, which has been developed by Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal. Authors also present a discussion on issues related to technological scheme of the gasification unit which has been integrated with a selected district heating system. The system has been set up for generation of hot technological water and electrical power. Focal point of the installation is a fixed bed gasification reactor. For the system to provide means enabling cogeneration of heat and power, downstream from the generator a high-temperature gas dedusting system, a unit for recovery of heat from process gas coupled with separation of tar contaminants as well as a gas engine were proposed. A sorted chart presenting historical data for annual demand for heat together with the most important assumptions used during the analyses are discussed. Finally authors present results of calculations for the integrated unit that are further broadened by sensitivity analyses for change of gasification reactor’s efficiency, as well as engine’s efficiency for heat and power generation.
Review of technologies for low-quality solid fuel gasification
Authors: Lutyński A , Lutyński M
Published: June 2019

The article discusses World’s current status of surface coal and other resources gasification technology. Examples of existing and planned gasification plants efficiencies up to the year 2022 along with the use of syngas for chemical resources production and distribution of plants are given. The SGT (SES Gasification Technology) gasification technology where produced syngas is used for energy production is described.
Underground coal mine workings as potential places for Compressed Air Energy Storage
Authors: Lutyński M , Bartela Ł , Smolnik G , Waniczek S
Published: June 2019

The article gives a brief overview of current developments and projects of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). Typical CAES configurations such as Adiabatic CAES and Diabatic CAES are described. The concept of air storage in isolated workings of closed coal mine is presented taking into account availability of such places in the Silesian Coal Basin of southern Poland. The article also discusses major challenges of such concept such as insulation of underground workings, geomechanical stability of workings and site availability. As a proof of concept examples of underground coal mines converted into natural gas storage sites are given. Types of underground workings that could serve as a part of potential compressed storage site are listed and an example of volume calculation available in coal mine for storage is given.
Utilization of methane deposits from the liquidated mines in the aspect of environmentally friendly energy technologies
Authors: Trenczek S , Krause E
Published: June 2019

At the beginning of the article main factors occurring in polluted atmospheric air and their connection with the methods of energy production are discussed. Various energy sources in the aspect of energy production technologies, including primary energy sources are presented. Two main actions taken to improve the quality of atmospheric air in Poland are described: Clean Air Programme, assuming a subsidy for an exchange of individually-used coal boilers for ecological ones or for gas heating, and the Polish Energy Policy until 2040, which assumes a gradual reduction in the share of hard coal and lignite in energy production. Methane as a mineral accompanying coal seams as well as ways of its recognition and management are presented. An example of the conducted research project shows a significance of the resource recognition and dynamics of the deposit in planning an economically justified exploitation of the deposit from closed down mines. Finally, there is hope that due to a further process of efficient restructuring of the Polish mining industry, the importance of using methane from closed down mines as a green energy source will increase.