bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the spatial expansion of an animal population with presence‐only data
Authors: Barton Owain , Healey John R. , Cordes Line S. , Davies Andrew J. , Shannon Graeme
Published: November 2023

Predictive models can improve the efficiency of wildlife management by guiding actions at the local, landscape and regional scales. In recent decades, a vast range of modelling techniques have been developed to predict species distributions and patterns of population spread. However, data limitations often constrain the precision and biological realism of models, which make them less useful for supporting decision‐making. Complex models can also be challenging to evaluate, and the results are often difficult to interpret for wildlife management practitioners. There is therefore a need to develop techniques that are appropriately robust, but also accessible to a range of end users. We developed a hybrid species distribution model that utilises commonly available presence‐only distribution data and minimal demographic information to predict the spread of roe deer (Capreolus caprelous) in Great Britain. We take a novel approach to representing the environment in the model by constraining the size of habitat patches to the home‐range area of an individual. Population dynamics are then simplified to a set of generic rules describing patch occupancy. The model is constructed and evaluated using data from a populated region (England and Scotland) and applied to predict regional‐scale patterns of spread in a novel region (Wales). It is used to forecast the relative timing of colonisation events and identify important areas for targeted surveillance and management. The study demonstrates the utility of presence‐only data for predicting the spread of animal species and describes a method of reducing model complexity while retaining important environmental detail and biological realism. Our modelling approach provides a much‐needed opportunity for users without specialist expertise in computer coding to leverage limited data and make robust, easily interpretable predictions of spread to inform proactive population management.
Differential utilization of surface and arboreal water bodies by birds and mammals in a seasonally dry Neotropical forest in southern Mexico
Authors: Delgado‐Martínez Carlos M. , Kolb Melanie , Pascual‐Ramírez Fermín , Mendoza Eduardo
Published: November 2023

Water availability significantly influences bird and mammal ecology in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of the role of water as a limiting resource for birds and mammals remains partial because most of the studies have focused on surface water bodies in desert and semi‐desert ecosystems. This study assessed the use of two types of surface water bodies (waterholes and epikarst rock pools) and one arboreal (water‐filled tree holes) by birds and mammals in the seasonally dry tropical forests of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in southern Mexico. We deployed camera traps in 23 waterholes, 22 rock pools, and 19 water‐filled tree holes in this karstic region to record visits by small, medium, and large‐bodied birds and mammals during the dry and rainy seasons. These cameras were set up for recording videos documenting when animals were making use of water for drinking, bathing, or both. We compared the species diversity and composition of bird and mammal assemblages using the different types of water bodies by calculating Hill numbers and conducting nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), indicator species, and contingency table analyses. There was a greater species richness of birds and mammals using surface water bodies than tree holes during both seasons. There were significant differences in species composition among bird assemblages using the different water bodies, but dominant species and diversity remained the same. Terrestrial and larger mammalian species preferentially used surface water bodies, whereas arboreal and scansorial small and medium mammals were more common in arboreal water bodies. These findings suggest that differences in water body characteristics might favor segregation in mammal activity. The different water bodies may act as alternative water sources for birds and complementary sources for mammals, potentially favoring species coexistence and increasing community resilience to environmental variation (e.g., fluctuations in water availability). Understanding how differences in water bodies favor species coexistence and community resilience is of great relevance from a basic ecological perspective but is also crucial for anticipating the effects that the increased demand for water by humans and climate change can have on wildlife viability.
Probiotic or probiotics add supplement interferes with coronary heart disease: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Lingshuang , Zhang Jumei , Wang Juan , Zhao Hui , Xie Xinqiang , Wu Qingping
Published: November 2023

The effect of probiotics or probiotics add supplement on improving clinical outcomes of coronary heart disease (CHD) has produced conflicting results. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement on blood glucose, lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and depress score in patients with CHD. Search PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies from February 1974 to September 2022. Pooled results were calculated using a fixed‐effect model to assess the effects of probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement in CHD. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials were included in this analysis. Overall, probiotics add supplement showed statistically significant reductions in triglycerides, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), interleukin‐6, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, compared to the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.35 mg/dL; SMD: −0.64 μIU/mL; SMD: −0.90; SMD: −0.57 mg/dL; SMD: −0.60 pg/mL; SMD: −0.52; respectively), but high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide (NO) were statistically significant increased (SMD: 0.45 mg/dL; SMD: 1.01 μmol/L; respectively). Then, probiotics showed statistically significant reductions in hs‐CRP, and Beck Anxiety Inventory score BDI (SMD: −0.50 mg/dL; SMD: −0.67; SMD: −0.41; respectively). Moreover, subgroup analyses revealed that low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA‐IR, diastolic blood pressure, NO indicators may influence by patients age, body mass index (BMI), duration of the supplement and dose of probiotics. Our analysis showed that probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement improved glucolipid metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and depressive disorder, particularly the patients who ages ≥60, baseline BMI <30 kg/m2, duration of intervention more than 12 weeks and the dose of probiotics ≥8 × 109 CFU/day. The PROSPERO ID was CRD42022357385.
A guideline of antiphotoaging activity of polysaccharide assay in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Qiu Hua‐Mai , You Lijun
Published: November 2023

People have become increasingly concerned about skin beauty and health issues, especially skin photoaging. Previous studies showed that skin photoaging was characterized by skin roughness and dryness. It was caused by UV radiation‐related dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oxidative stress. Therefore, to investigate the antiphotoaging activity of polysaccharides, it is critical to establish the skin photoaging model, including the in vitro cellular model and the in vivo animal model. The in vitro cellular model is judged by cell viability, the MMPs expression, oxidative detection, and the quantities of inflammation cytokines. Moreover, both the damage to the epidermis and dermis of nude mice and the change of collagen content in the skin are indicators of the in vivo animal model. Thus, in this guideline, we tried to summarize the practice of antiphotoaging activity for polysaccharides.
A 2D Thermal Model of Stacked Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries for Efficient Thermal Management
Authors: Shao Meirong , Zhang Baowen
Published: November 2023

In an industrial‐scale vanadium redox flow battery system, cells are stacked to form a compact module that serves as the power system's most fundamental unit in its scale‐up. Considering the narrow temperature range restricted by the precipitation of vanadium ions in the electrolyte and the relatively strong current employed, heat generation and dissipation determine the stack's temperature, significantly affecting the performance. Using the mass, momentum, energy conservation, electrochemical kinetics in each cell, and circuit analysis in the manifolds and channels through which electrolyte flows and is distributed to each cell, a 2D thermal model is developed in this study to investigate the temperature distribution and variation within the cell stack. Benefit from the integrated simulation of a 2D model and analytical circuit in flow frames in the stack, the temperature distribution and hotspots within the stack during the dynamic charge–discharge cycles can be precisely determined. In the results, it is indicated that the global consideration of transport and electrochemical processes demonstrate a more systematic understanding of heat generation and transfer throughout the stack.
Comments regarding “Seismic damage analysis due to near‐fault multipulse ground motion” by Guan Chen, Jiashu Yang, Ruohan Wang, Kaiqi Li, Yong Liu, Michael Beer; Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2023
Authors: Hariri‐Ardebili Mohammad Amin
Published: November 2023

This discussion is based on the paper by Chen et al. in 2023 (hereafter referred to as “the original paper/authors”). In their study, the original authors conducted a series of analyses using nonpulse, single‐pulse, and multipulse ground motion records, evaluating their impact on a frame structure, a slope, and a gravity dam. Their key finding suggests that multipulse ground motion leads to more severe structural damage compared to nonpulse and single‐pulse ground motions. However, it is important to note that the seismic damage analysis of the gravity dam in this paper does not adhere to state‐of‐the‐practice recommendations. Consequently, drawing a definitive conclusion regarding the influence and importance of multipulse ground motion records on the seismic response of concrete dams requires further justification. This necessitates the incorporation of high‐fidelity numerical models and probabilistic performance evaluation. We will discuss the significance of modeling assumptions, specifically addressing the dam–rock dynamic interaction in crack propagation and failure in dams.
A review of the distal femur in Australopithecus
Authors: Miller Catherine K. , DeSilva Jeremy M.
Published: November 2023

In 1938, the first distal femur of a fossil Australopithecus was discovered at Sterkfontein, South Africa. A decade later, another distal femur was discovered at the same locality. These two fossil femora were the subject of a foundational paper authored by Kingsbury Heiple and Owen Lovejoy in 1971. In this paper, the authors discussed functionally relevant anatomies of these two fossil femora and noted their strong affinity to the modern human condition. Here, we update this work by including eight more fossil Australopithecus distal femora, an expanded comparative dataset, as well as additional linear measurements. Just as Heiple and Lovejoy reported a half‐century ago, we find strong overlap between modern humans and cercopithecoids, except for inferiorly flattened condyles and a high bicondylar angle, both of which characterize modern humans and Australopithecus and are directly related to striding bipedalism. All other measured aspects of the femora are by‐products of these key morphological traits. Additional fossil material from the early Pliocene will help to inform the evolution of the hominin distal femur and its condition in the Pan‐Homo common ancestor that preceded bipedal locomotion.
Class‐imbalanced financial distress prediction with machine learning: Incorporating financial, management, textual, and social responsibility features into index system
Authors: Song Yinghua , Jiang Minzhe , Li Shixuan , Zhao Shengzhe
Published: November 2023

Financial distress prediction (FDP) is centrally imported to reduce potential losses of companies and investors. This paper combines social responsibility indicators with financial, management, and textual indicators to construct a multi‐dimensional FDP index system. To increase prediction accuracy, the difference in the number of samples between special treatment and health companies is actively considered, and the synthetic minority oversampling technique is adopted to deal with class‐imbalanced datasets. Moreover, a feature extraction method based on the genetic algorithm is employed to select features as input of machine learning models for predicting financial distress in Chinese listed companies. Experimental results show that ensemble classifiers are the better choice for predicting financial distress, of which gradient boosting decision tree outperforms other classifiers. Textual indicators play the most significant role in complementing traditional financial indicators of FDP, and their financial distress signals emerge earlier compared with management and social responsibility indicators.
Identification of bioactive compounds and inhibitory effects of TNF‐α and COX‐2 in the extract from cultured three‐spot seahorse (H. trimaculatus)
Authors: Chen Yung‐Husan , Chang Yu‐Wei , Ma Chu‐Wen , Luo Lian‐Zhong , Lu Ting‐Jang , Yao Jeng‐Yuan
Published: November 2023

Three‐spot seahorse (Hippocampus trimaculatus) has been consumed as traditional Chinese medicine in Asian society. This study was designed to analyze the bioactive compounds of the solvent extracts from cultured three‐spot seahorse by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI/MS/MS). Subsequently, their biological activities were evaluated and confirmed by cell modes and Western blot analysis. Experimental results indicated that taurine and arginine were the primary bioactive compounds identified and quantified without pre‐ or post‐column derivatization within 20 min retention time. The analytical method was established and validated with intraday/interday RSD from 0.25% to 3.34% and with recovery from 87.8% to 91.2%. As compared to other extracts, water layer extract (WLE) contained the most taurine and arginine contents of 6.807 and 0.437 mg/g (dry basis), respectively. In the meanwhile, WLE also showed anti‐inflammatory activity on LPS‐induced NO production and inhibited the protein expression of TNF‐α and COX‐2 by Western blot analysis with better cell viability.
Development and full system testing of novel co‐impregnated La0.20Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 anodes for commercial combined heat and power units
Authors: Price Robert , Bausinger Holger , Longo Gino , Weissen Ueli , Cassidy Mark , Grolig Jan G. , Mai Andreas , Irvine John T. S.
Published: November 2023

Over the past decade, the University of St Andrews and HEXIS AG have engaged in a highly successful collaborative project aiming to develop and upscale La0.20Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 (LSCTA‐) anode “backbone” microstructures, impregnated with Ce0.80Gd0.20O1.90 (CG20) and metallic electrocatalysts, providing direct benefits in terms of performance and stability over the current state‐of‐the‐art (SoA) Ni‐based cermet solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes.

Here, we present a brief overview of previous work performed in this research project, including short‐term, durability, and poison testing of small‐scale (1 cm2 area) SOFCs and upscaling to full‐sized HEXIS SOFCs (100 cm2 area) in short stacks. Subsequently, recent results from short stack testing of SOFCs containing LSCTA‐ anodes with a variety of metallic catalyst components (Fe, Mn, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, or Ru) will be presented, indicating that only SOFCs containing the Rh catalyst provide comparable degradation rates to the SoA Ni/cerium gadolinium oxide anode, as well as tolerance to harsh overload conditions (which is not exhibited by SoA anodes). Finally, results from full system testing (60 cells within a 1.5 kW electrical power output HEXIS Leonardo FC40A micro‐combined heat and power unit), will be outlined, demonstrating the robust and durable nature of these novel oxide electrodes, in addition to their potential for commercialization.
Reconstruction of fluvio‐lacustrine landscapes and settlement history in the Texcoco region, Mexico, using a modern geomorphic analog
Authors: Wogau Kurt H. , Cordova Carlos E. , Morett‐Alatorre Luis , Ochoa Guillermo Acosta
Published: November 2023

Located in the Basin of Mexico, the eastern shore of former Lake Texcoco sustained a variety of human occupations throughout the Holocene, including preceramic hunter‐gatherers, incipient agriculturalists, and a variety of settlements in the ceramic periods. Nonetheless, the environmental dynamics of occupations on the lakeshore have not been fully addressed. The Archaic preagricultural Texcoco Man site (>5000 B.C.E.) and the Late Formative TX‐LF‐14 site (c. 550‐200 B.C.E.), among others, occupy this fluvio‐lacustrine transitional environment. Few stratigraphic works in and around the sites have been performed. Consequently, it is difficult to understand the dynamics of the sedimentary system in space and time. This work highlights and describes the fluvio‐lacustrine sedimentary dynamics and the resulting landscape that past societies inhabited on the eastern shore of Texcoco Lake. Because the study area has been altered by historic and modern draining, our work employs Lake Santiaguillo and its main tributary, the Tejamen River in the Durango state, as a modern analog to study their sedimentary dynamics. The analyses of surface geomorphology in the Texcoco study area were employed to corroborate the modern analog interpretation. To achieve these goals, we conducted a GIS‐based morphometric analysis and LANDSAT‐8 imagery to study the variations in landforms through wet and dry events. The results indicate an increase in the lake volume, low bifurcation in the active fluvial channels, few inundated surfaces, and the presence of bird‐foot deltaic channels during high precipitation events. In contrast, low precipitation events are characterized by reduced lake volume, increased fluvial channel bifurcation, and expanded floodplains. This heterogeneous landscape thus provided a rich source of diverse natural resources of saline and freshwater aquatic habitats. Simultaneously, constant or recurring flooding events generated a challenging landscape for prehistoric settlers who implemented diverse technologies, such as the construction of tlateles, on the levees of deltaic channels to reduce the risk and impact of flooding events.
An alternative p‐y method for piles in cohesive soils under monotonic lateral loading
Authors: Terceros Mauricio , Achmus Martin
Published: November 2023

Piles as onshore and offshore foundation structures are often horizontally loaded. The usual calculation method for the behaviour of piles under such loads is the p‐y method. For piles in cohesive soil, several p‐y methods are proposed in literature, leading in general to differing results. A finite element model dealing with the behaviour of horizontally loaded piles in clay soils was established and validated against field tests. Utilising the results of a vast number of numerical simulations, a new p‐y method was developed, which gives reasonable results over the entire range of possible loads for piles of almost arbitrary diameters and embedded lengths in clay soils of varying consistency. The method requires in total six soil parameters and accounts for the actual deflection of the pile and also the effect of pile tip shear resistance by iteratively adapted y‐multipliers which depend on the course of the deflection line and the distance of the considered point to the pile tip. The new method can be generally used for calculation of the bearing behaviour of piles in soft clay under monotonic loading and can serve as a reference for consideration of cyclic load effects or softening effects in stiff clays.
Cortical gray to white matter signal intensity ratio as a sign of neurodegeneration and cognition independent of β‐amyloid in dementia
Authors: Xu Xiaomeng , Jang Ikbeom , Zhang Junfang , Zhang Miao , Wang Lijun , Ye Guanyu , Zhao Aonan , Zhang Yichi , Li Biao , Liu Jun , Li Binyin ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2023

Cortical gray to white matter signal intensity ratio (GWR) measured from T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images was associated with neurodegeneration and dementia. We characterized topological patterns of GWR during AD pathogenesis and investigated its association with cognitive decline. The study included a cross‐sectional dataset and a longitudinal dataset. The cross‐sectional dataset included 60 cognitively healthy controls, 61 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 63 patients with dementia. The longitudinal dataset included 26 participants who progressed from cognitively normal to dementia and 26 controls that remained cognitively normal. GWR was compared across the cross‐sectional groups, adjusted for amyloid PET. The correlation between GWR and cognition performance was also evaluated. The longitudinal dataset was used to investigate GWR alteration during the AD pathogenesis. Dementia with β‐amyloid deposition group exhibited the largest area of increased GWR, followed by MCI with β‐amyloid deposition, MCI without β‐amyloid deposition, and controls. The spatial pattern of GWR‐increased regions was not influenced by β‐amyloid deposits. Correlation between regional GWR alteration and cognitive decline was only detected among individuals with β‐amyloid deposition. GWR showed positive correlation with tau PET in the left supramarginal, lateral occipital gyrus, and right middle frontal cortex. The longitudinal study showed that GWR increased around the fusiform, inferior/superior temporal lobe, and entorhinal cortex in MCI and progressed to larger cortical regions after progression to AD. The spatial pattern of GWR‐increased regions was independent of β‐amyloid deposits but overlapped with tauopathy. The GWR can serve as a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration in AD.
Group concerns and communication and cooperation between practitioners under the European Insolvency Regulation (Part I)
Authors: Pepels Sid
Published: November 2023

In this article, the author examines with a specific focus on the Insolvency Practitioner to what extent the Recast European Insolvency Regulation's provisions on communication, cooperation and coordination between the main actors in group companies' insolvency proceedings allow for efficient restructurings of those group companies. In doing so, the author will, at points, compare the provisions in Chapter V of the Recast European Insolvency Regulation to—and draw inspiration from—the German provisions on groups of companies that were adopted into the German Insolvency Act (Insolvenzordnung) and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law's Model Law on Enterprise Group Insolvency. The author also aims to outline, among other things, the various forms of (cross‐border) communication, cooperation and coordination that the Recast European Insolvency Regulation obligates insolvency practitioners of groups of companies to engage in, how they should implement those forms of ‘CoCo’ and what would happen if they fail to comply with those obligations. This article is Part I of a diptych on this topic, Part II of which will be published in a subsequent issue of this journal.
Role of clinicopathological variables in predicting recurrence and survival outcomes after surgery for non‐metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Majdoub Muhammad , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Quhal Fahad , Laukhtina Ekaterina , von Deimling Markus , Kawada Tatsushi , Rajwa Pawel , Bianchi Alberto , Pallauf Maximilian , Mostafaei Hadi , Chlosta Marcin , Pradere Benjamin , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Schmidinger Manuela , Rub Ronen , Shariat Shahrokh F.
Published: November 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2% of all diagnosed malignancies worldwide, with disease recurrence affecting 20% to 40% of patients. Existing prognostic recurrence models based on clinicopathological features continue to be a subject of controversy. In this meta‐analysis, we summarized research findings that explored the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and post‐surgery survival outcomes in non‐metastatic RCC patients. Our analysis incorporates 99 publications spanning 140 568 patients. The study's main findings indicate that the following clinicopathological characteristics were associated with unfavorable survival outcomes: T stage, tumor grade, tumor size, lymph node involvement, tumor necrosis, sarcomatoid features, positive surgical margins (PSM), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), early recurrence, constitutional symptoms, poor performance status (PS), low hemoglobin level, high body‐mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. All of which emerged as predictors for poor recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and cancer‐specific survival. Clear cell (CC) subtype, urinary collecting system invasion (UCSI), capsular penetration, perinephric fat invasion, renal vein invasion (RVI) and increased C‐reactive protein (CRP) were all associated with poor RFS. In contrast, age, sex, tumor laterality, nephrectomy type and approach had no impact on survival outcomes. As part of an additional analysis, we attempted to assess the association between these characteristics and late recurrences (relapses occurring more than 5 years after surgery). Nevertheless, we did not find any prediction capabilities for late disease recurrences among any of the features examined. Our findings highlight the prognostic significance of various clinicopathological characteristics potentially aiding in the identification of high‐risk RCC patients and enhancing the development of more precise prediction models.
Personal and social protective factors of cyberhate: A general strain theory approach
Authors: Audrin Catherine , Blaya Catherine
Published: November 2023

Adolescents of today grow up in a connected world. While online communication offers great opportunities, it can also have negative impact on adolescents' life. In this work, we are interested in the use of online communication tools to share and create cyberhate content. Anchored in the general strain theory, we studied how social support (i.e., parental, peers and teacher support) may be related to cyberhate perpetration. We further tested how personal characteristics such as empathy, self‐esteem and anxiety could predict the propensity to be involved as cyberhate perpetrators. We collected self‐reported questionnaires of 1019 French young people (13.04 years; ranging from 9 to 17) and measured their perceived (a) parental, (b) peers and (c) teachers' support as well as their (d) empathy/benevolence, (e) self‐esteem and (f) anxiety. We also measured cyberhate perpetration and the association between perpetration, social support and personal characteristics. Our results highlight that parental and teacher support represent protective factors for cyberhate perpetration. Our results further suggest that self‐esteem is negatively linked to the propensity to cyberhate perpetration.
Is it harmful to me or to us? A dyadic analysis of Chinese young adults' dysfunctional individuation and romantic relationship satisfaction
Authors: Zhang Lu Ran , Chen Wei‐Wen
Published: November 2023

This study aimed at examining how romantically involved Chinese young adults' dysfunctional individuation was associated with their and their partners' perceptions of romantic relationship satisfaction. We recruited 296 Chinese couples who were currently in heterosexual romantic relationships at the university. The couples completed self‐report measures of their dysfunctional individuation and relationship satisfaction. Results from the cross‐sectional actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) indicated that (a) for both genders, actor effects existed: Chinese young adults' dysfunctional individuation was negatively associated with their romantic relationship satisfaction; (b) in terms of partners' effects, women's dysfunctional individuation was negatively associated with men's perceptions of relationship satisfaction; but (c) men's dysfunctional individuation was not significantly associated with women's perceptions of relationship satisfaction. The findings were the first to reveal the actor and partner effects of dysfunctional individuation on romantic relationship satisfaction. The study results provided practical implications regarding how young adults can have satisfying romantic relationships.
The impact of pharmacists on medication safety in mental health: A narrative review
Authors: Khartabil Nadia , Haghparast Parna , Al‐Chokachi Zahra , Clemens Emily
Published: November 2023

Background

Pharmacists' role in providing favorable patient outcomes has been established in previous literature. However, the impact of pharmacists in treating patients with mental illness needs further investigation. Patients diagnosed with mental illnesses face multiple challenges that affect their quality and longevity of life compared to the general population with similar age groups. Previous studies confirmed that drug related problems (DRPs) play a major role in these patients due to several factors, such as medication errors and drug interactions. The purpose of this review is to investigate the impact of pharmacist‐led initiatives in safe medication use for mental health populations.

Methods

This narrative review examines the extent and nature of the literature on pharmacist‐led interventions related to medication safety with mental health conditions. The PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched from January 2000 until September 2023. A manual search of relevant citations was also conducted. The inclusion criteria included full‐text studies written in English and published within the above date range. Studies exploring pharmacist‐led interventions in any practice setting for patients with mental illnesses were included. Pharmacist‐led interventions as part of an interdisciplinary team were excluded.

Results

A total of 13 studies were included, collectively involving 4488 patients and 51 pharmacists. The most described interventions included DRPs, medication adherence, and appropriate prescribing. Pharmacist‐led interventions were presented in various aspects, including medication therapy management, long‐acting antipsychotic medication administration, and DRPs resolution through clinical interventions as transition of care.

Conclusion

The variation in healthcare settings and regulatory environments influenced the effectiveness of pharmacist‐led interventions. Pharmacists can depict DRP, prevent rehospitalizations, and assess any serious drug interactions that prevent harm and consequently have cost saving outcomes. This review highlights the need for more research, to quantify the impact of pharmacists in improving medication safety for mental health patients.
Navigating obstacles: Perspectives of US pharmacy residency directors on non‐US candidates for PGY‐1 residencies: A survey‐based research
Authors: Lu Chi‐Hua , Prescott Gina M. , Slazak Erin M. , Wasim Ume Farwa , Rauf Maha , Desai Kalpesh J. , Kuo Tzu‐Yin , Cai Lijian , Bednarczyk Edward M.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Pharmacy education and postgraduate training in the United States (US) are esteemed, drawing international students to American Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE)‐accredited schools and pursuing residency training after graduation. Despite this, limited literature addresses the obstacles international students face in pursuing American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) accredited residency programs.

Objectives

To summarize potential eligibility barriers for international graduates of ACPE programs during the residency application process from residency program directors' (RPDs) perspectives.

Methods

A 16‐question electronic survey was developed and distributed to all RPDs of US‐based ASHP‐accredited postgraduate year‐1 (PGY‐1) programs in July 2021. Questions addressed whether non‐US citizens were eligible to apply, barriers to recruiting non‐US citizen candidates, and barriers to offer visa sponsorships. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.

Results

A total of 196 programs responded to the survey (response rate, 13.5%). Eighty‐nine (45.4%) programs reported that candidates with F‐1/optional practical training (OPT) status were eligible to apply for their program, while 86 programs (43.9%) reported candidates were not eligible. Barriers for recruiting candidates with F‐1/OPT status included lack of resources to support application process (n = 42), citizenship requirements (n = 41), institution policy (n = 33), department preference (n = 12), and unfamiliar with procedures in selecting these candidates (n = 18). Over 70% (n = 146) would not offer visa sponsorship for pharmacy resident positions. Barriers to offering sponsorship were lack of support resources (n = 62), cost (n = 60), time preparing applications (n = 46), citizenship requirements (n = 45), and department preference (n = 23).

Conclusion

This study investigates the obstacles encountered by non‐US citizens in the residency application process, as perceived by program directors. The primary obstacle in recruiting candidates with F‐1/OPT status and providing visa sponsorships revolves around the inadequate support and resources available for the application process.
Femtosecond optical Kerr effect in normal and grades of cancerous breast tissues as a new optical biopsy method
Authors: Meyer Henry J. , Mamani Sandra , Li Zhi , Shi Lingyan , Alfano Robert R.
Published: November 2023

This study reports on the first use of the optical Kerr effect (OKE) in breast cancer tissue. This proposed optical biopsy method utilizes a Femtosecond Optical Kerr Gate to detect changes in dielectric relaxation and conductivity created by a cancerous infection. Here, the temporal behavior of the OKE is tracked in normal and cancerous samples of human and mouse breast. These tissues display a double peaked temporal structure and its decay rate changes depending on the tissue's infection status. The decay of the secondary peak, attributed to ultrafast plasma response, indicates that the tissue's conductivity has doubled once infected. A slower molecular contribution to the Kerr effect can also be observed in healthy tissues. These findings suggest two possible biomarkers for the use of OKE in optical biopsy. Both markers arise from alterations in the infected tissue's cellular structure, which changes the rate at which electronic and molecular processes occur.
Two‐dimensional elastic distribution imaging of the sclera using acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography
Authors: Luo Jiahui , Zhang Yubao , Ai Sizhu , Shi Gang , Han Xiao , Wang Yidi , Zhao Yanzhi , Yang Hongwei , Li Yingjie , He Xingdao
Published: November 2023

The scleral elasticity is closely related with many ocular diseases, but the relevant research is still insufficient. Here, we utilized optical coherence elastography to carefully study biomechanical properties of the sclera at different positions and under different intraocular pressures. Meanwhile, elastic wave velocity and Young's modulus of each position were obtained using a phase velocity algorithm. Accordingly, the two‐dimensional elasticity distribution image was achieved by mapping the Young's modulus values to the corresponding structure based on the relationship between the position and its Young's modulus. Therefore, elastic information in regions‐of‐interest can be read and compared directly from the scleral structure, indicating that our method may be a very useful tool to evaluate the elasticity of sclera and provide intuitive and reliable proof for diagnosis and research.
Rapid low‐cost hyperspectral imaging system for quantitative assessment of infantile hemangioma
Authors: Perkov Sergei , Vorobev Viktor , Kurochkin Maxim A. , Gorodkov Sergey , Gorin Dmitry
Published: November 2023

Hemangioma, the predominant benign tumor occurring in infancy, exhibits a wide range of prognoses and associated outcomes. The accurate determination of prognosis through noninvasive imaging modalities holds essential importance in enabling effective personalized treatment strategies and minimizing unnecessary surgical interventions for individual patients. The present study focuses on advancing the personalized prognosis of hemangioma by leveraging noninvasive optical sensing technologies by the development of a novel rapid hyperspectral sensor (image collection in 5 s, lateral resolution of 10 μm) that is capable of quantifying hemoglobin oxygenation and vascularization dynamics during the course of tumor evolution. We have developed a quantitative parameter for hemangioma assessment, that demonstrated agreement with the clinician's conclusion in 90% among all cases during clinical studies on six patients, who visited clinician from two to four times. The presented methodology has potential to be implemented as a supportive tool for accurate hemangioma diagnostics in clinics.
Accounting reporting complexity, audit engagement partner mandatory rotation, and audit quality
Authors: Chen Clement , Liu Zhenfeng , Tang Wenye , Tuo Ling
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the influence of a firm's accounting reporting complexity (ARC) on financial statement audit quality. We predict and find that there is a non‐linear relationship between a firm's ARC and audit quality. Specifically, a more complex accounting environment—measured by ARC—leads to higher quality audits, but this effect diminishes when ARC continues to increase. Further analyses reveal that the effect is more salient among client firms that do not purchase non‐audit services (NAS). We also examine whether ARC affects audit quality in the circumstance of mandatory audit partner rotation. Empirical results show a moderating effect of ARC on the negative influence of audit partner rotation on audit quality. Our study extends the literature by illustrating how a firm's ARC influences audit quality in a special manner.
Does uncertainty in the banking sector slow down corporate performance?
Authors: Huynh Japan
Published: November 2023

The paper explores the effects of banking uncertainty on corporate performance. Utilizing data from 2007 to 2022 in Vietnam and a comprehensive methodology to assess the performance of the sampled firms, our analysis reveals a detrimental impact of banking uncertainty on firm performance. Specifically, heightened uncertainty leads to diminished profitability ratios, reduced operational efficiency, constrained growth potential, and a decline in market valuation for firms. Our findings also indicate that firms may accumulate higher levels of liquidity in response to amplified uncertainty. Additionally, the subdued performance of firms attributable to banking uncertainty is more pronounced among those burdened with elevated bank debts. Interestingly, while the average impact of banking uncertainty on firm performance appears to be weak as a whole, this impact becomes notably magnified for firms maintaining greater credit relationships with banks. Our results are robust to different model specifications, variables, and subsamples. Overall, we provide evidence that banking uncertainty has important implications for corporate performance.
Children of parents with depression or anxiety: Long‐term follow‐up, causality and resilience
Authors: Larsson Henrik
Published: November 2023

Three papers in the December issue (2023) of JCPP Advances focus on children of parents with depression or anxiety. They highlight the value of using prospective longitudinal data to improve the understanding about the development of children of parents with depression or anxiety from early childhood to young adulthood. They contribute to an advanced understanding of long‐term outcomes, causality and resilience for children of parents with depression or anxiety.
An evidence‐based teaching approach enhances student learning of periodontal disease pathogenesis
Authors: Tebcherany Houda , Khocht Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Purpose/objectives

To evaluate the effects of implementing an evidence‐based teaching approach (EBTA) in a traditional dental curriculum course on predoctoral dental students’ knowledge and attitudes about evidence‐based dentistry, and to determine its benefit on enhancing students’ academic performance.

Methods

Fundamentals of periodontics for first‐year dental students (D1,n = 100) span a period of 12 weeks. In the first 6 weeks, we teach the basic principles of periodontal disease pathogenesis and introduce the concepts of EBTA (basics of research study design, statistical principles, literature search, and critically analyzing the evidence) without active implementation. In the second 6 weeks, we build on the initial knowledge of periodontal disease pathogenesis and actively implement EBTA activities to enhance the learning of the course content. Pre‐ and post‐EBTA implementation, students completed a validated survey assessing students’ knowledge, attitudes, access of evidence, and confidence related to evidence‐based dentistry. Midterm and final grades were used to assess student academic performance.

Results

Post‐EBTA implementation survey responses showed: significant increase in students’ knowledge regarding critical appraisal of the literature (p = 0.0001), significant improvement in students’ attitudes about evidence‐based dentistry (p = 0.0001), significant increase in students’ frequency of accessing evidence from various sources (p = 0.01), and significant increase in students’ confidence in evaluating various aspects of a published research report (p = 0.009). Post‐EBTA final grade scores were significantly higher than pre‐EBTA midterm grade scores (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions

Integrating an EBTA within a traditional dental curriculum course improves students’ knowledge and attitudes about evidence‐based dentistry as well as enhances students’ academic performance.
A preliminary study on the dynamics of serum color in perspective to hemoglobin and bilirubin in indigenous sheep of Pakistan
Authors: Idris Musadiq , Farooq Umer , Rashid Haroon , Lashari Mushtaq Hussain , Riaz Umair , Khan Musarrat Abbas , Fatima Iram , Sajjad Hafsa , Qayyum Sumama , Ahmad Maqsood , Awais Muhammad , Sajjad Nouman , Perveen Zobia
Published: November 2023

The present study is the first of its kind being reported for an indigenous sheep breed of Pakistan with objectives to (a) assess the diagnostic efficacy of a human‐based “serum hemolysis reference palette” for sheep serum, (b) deduce normal reference intervals (RIs) for hemoglobin (Hb) and bilirubin, and (c) devise a novel serum color chart for on‐field estimation of Hb and bilirubin through color matching of sheep serum. Apparently, healthy Sipli sheep (n = 130) were bled twice attaining whole blood and serum samples (n = 260). The study animals were grouped on the basis of gender, that is, males (n = 51) and females (n = 79) and age, that is, G1 (up till 1 year) (n = 41), G2 (from 1 to 2 years) (n = 46), and G3 (from 2 to 3 years) (n = 43). None of the 260 serum samples of the sheep matched the color given on the human‐based “hemolysis reference palette.” The G1 animals revealed marked variation in their serum color. Hence, on the basis of RIs, the serum samples (n = 178) of adult sheep (G2 and G3) showing three main color bands were used in devising a novel serum Hb and bilirubin estimation chart for adult sheep serum. In conclusion, the human‐based serum hemolysis palette is not valid for sheep serum. The RIs attained in the study could provide a yardstick for assessment of health in indigenous sheep breeds whereas the serum color chart may be of value in estimating Hb and bilirubin in a quick, reliable, and cheaper way for the resource‐poor settings of the world.
Transcriptional regulation of esophageal, intestinal, and branchial solute transporters by salinity, growth hormone, and cortisol in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Breves Jason P. , Runiewicz Ellie R. , Richardson Sierra G. , Bradley Serena E. , Hall Daniel J. , McCormick Stephen D.
Published: November 2023

In marine habitats, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) imbibe seawater (SW) to replace body water that is passively lost to the ambient environment. By desalinating consumed SW, the esophagus enables solute‐linked water absorption across the intestinal epithelium. The processes underlying esophageal desalination in salmon and their hormonal regulation during smoltification and following SW exposure are unresolved. To address this, we considered whether two Na+/H+ exchangers (Nhe2 and −3) expressed in the esophagus contribute to the uptake of Na+ from lumenal SW. There were no seasonal changes in esophageal nhe2 or −3 expression during smoltification; however, nhe3 increased following 48 h of SW exposure in May. Esophageal nhe2, −3, and growth hormone receptor b1 were elevated in smolts acclimated to SW for 2.5 weeks. Treatment with cortisol stimulated branchial Na+/K+‐ATPase (Nka) activity, and Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1 (nkcc1), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator 1 (cftr1), and nka‐α1b expression. Esophageal nhe2, but not nhe3 expression, was stimulated by cortisol. In anterior intestine, cortisol stimulated nkcc2, cftr2, and nka‐α1b. Our findings indicate that salinity stimulates esophageal nhe2 and −3, and that cortisol coordinates the expression of esophageal, intestinal, and branchial solute transporters to support the SW adaptability of Atlantic salmon.
Exploring the training needs of inherited cardiac conditions (ICC) nurses: Elucidating role boundaries and competencies for practice in the genomics era
Authors: Braddel Amy , Watson Melanie
Published: November 2023

Nurses represent the largest professional group within the National Health Service (NHS) and are therefore central to the successful integration of mainstreaming genomics into routine healthcare. Inherited cardiac conditions (ICC) nurse roles have been developed in recent years to streamline the care for patients and families affected by an ICC. Like many nurse specialists, ICC nurses' prior exposure to genomics and the wider implications surrounding inherited conditions is limited. The aim of the study was to explore the education needs and support required for ICC nurses to fulfill their role within the genomic medicine era. A convenience sampling approach was adopted to invite ICC nurses working within various NHS Trusts across the United Kingdom to take part. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with ICC nurses (n = 8), which were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Analysis of interview data highlighted four core themes, which were transferrable core competencies; managing genomic information; mixed‐modality learning; defining multidisciplinary team boundaries. The study highlights areas for further training and demonstrates the importance of defining competencies and role boundaries within ICC services. The ICC nurses identified the limits of their practice and the complementary role of genetic counselors, indicating the need for both professions within the ICC service and proposing implications for practice.