bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early‐life diet specificity is associated with long‐lasting differences in apparent survival in a generalist predator
Authors: Nebel Carina , Ekblad Camilla , Balotari‐Chiebao Fabio , Penttinen Ida , Stjernberg Torsten , Laaksonen Toni
Published: February 2023

Early‐life conditions can have long‐term fitness consequences. However, it is still unclear what optimal rearing conditions are, especially for long‐lived carnivores. A more diverse diet (‘balanced diet’) might optimize nutrient availability and allow young to make experiences with a larger diversity of prey, whereas a narrow diet breadth (‘specialized diet’) might result in overall higher energy net gain. A diet that is dominated by a specific prey type (i.e. fish, ‘prey type hypothesis’) might be beneficial or detrimental, depending for example, on its toxicity or contaminant load.

Generalist predators such as the white‐tailed eagleHaliaeetus albicillaprovide an interesting possibility to examine the relationship between early life diet and long‐term offspring survival. In the Åland Islands, an archipelago in the Baltic Sea, white‐tailed eagles live in various coastal habitats and feed on highly variable proportions of birds and fish.

We use data from 21,116 prey individuals that were collected from 120 territories during the annual surveys, to examine how early‐life diet is associated with apparent annual survival of 574 ringed and molecular‐sexed eaglets. We supplement this analysis by assessing the relationships between diet, reproductive performance and nestling physical condition, to consider whether they are confounding with possible long‐term associations.

We find that early‐life diet is associated with long‐term fitness: Nestlings that are fed a diverse diet are in lower physical condition but have higher survival rates. Eagles that are fed more fish as nestlings have lower survival as breeding‐age adults, but territories associated with fish‐rich diets have higher breeding success.

Our results show that young carnivores benefit from a high diversity of prey in their natal territory, either through a nutritional or learning benefit, explaining the higher survival rates. The strong relationship between early‐life diet and adult survival suggests that early life shapes adult foraging decisions and that eating fish is associated with high costs. This could be due to high levels of contaminants or high competition for fish‐rich territories. Long‐lasting consequences of early‐life diet are likely not only limited to individual‐level consequences but have the potential to drive eco‐evolutionary dynamics in this population.
The Political Mistress: Intimacy, Emotion, and Parliamentary Politics in the Late 18th Century
Authors: Hanley‐Smith Natalie
Published: February 2023

Between c.1796 and 1809, Lady Harriet Ponsonby, Countess Bessborough and Lord Granville Leveson Gower were embroiled in a passionate affair. Their liaison created tensions in aristocratic society because they belonged to rival political parties, the Whigs and the Tories respectively. In the early years of their relationship, Leveson Gower was emerging on the political scene, while the countess was already well‐versed in the complexities of party politics. Leveson Gower thus solicited her advice and support and Bessborough duly shared her knowledge and insight into the political world, which created an unusual dynamic that scholars have yet to explore. This article examines several letters that Bessborough wrote to Leveson Gower to analyse how she supported her lover's fledgling parliamentary career and how she navigated their political differences. I argue that Bessborough adapted a rhetoric of affection, deference, duty, and loyalty, that was typically used by aristocratic wives, to justify her interest in her lover's career and her passion for parliamentary politics. This article contributes to scholarship that explores aristocratic women's political participation by examining the strategies a political mistress could employ to exert influence over men. It also illustrates the value of using methodologies from the history of emotions to investigate the drives and passions that shaped interactions in the late 18th‐century political sphere.
Cato Street Conspiracy and Consuming Crime: How Radical Politics Fed into the Public's Passion for Violent Media Coverage*
Authors: Kitchener Caitlin
Published: February 2023

The Cato Street Conspiracy ended in failure, with its five leading radicals executed. This conspiratorial insurrection caught the media's attention, creating a vibrant visual culture of the stable and execution. Arguably, the conspiracy's treason was not directed at the king but rather parliament and government through its aim to assassinate the cabinet. Although usually considered as an end point to Regency radicalism, Cato Street provides the opportunity to explore how radicalism was covered and consumed as part of the growing passion for crime reporting. Using the framework of wound culture, which highlights the centrality of consuming violence in contemporary society, this article demonstrates how the Cato Street stable and execution were fervently consumed through the visual culture generated to disseminate the conspiracy. Here, radicalism, treason and violence collided, demonstrating the passion of the conspirators but also the passion of the public who voraciously devoured the coverage.
Proton‐to‐photon comparative treatment planning guidelines for the Australian context
Authors: Penfold Scott N. , Dell'Oro Mikaela , Gorayski Peter , Hwang Eunji , Le Hien , Penfold Melanie , Sykes Jonathan , Vu Hanh , Yeo Adam
Published: February 2023

Proton‐to‐photon comparative treatment planning is a current requirement of Australian Government funding for patients to receive proton beam therapy (PBT) overseas, and a future requirement for Medicare funding of PBT in Australia. Because of the fundamental differences in treatment plan creation and evaluation between PBT and conventional radiation therapy with x‐rays (XRT), there is the potential for a lack of consistency in the process of comparing PBT and XRT treatment plans. This may have an impact on patient eligibility assessment for PBT. The objective of these guidelines is to provide a practical reference document for centres performing proton‐to‐photon comparative planning and thereby facilitate national uniformity.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle: Pathology of the anterior and medial compartments
Authors: Smith Paul Edmund , McManus Luke Joseph , Morey Matthew , Kong Andrew
Published: February 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for imaging the tendons and the ligaments of the ankle. MRI combines excellent tissue contrast and accurate anatomic delineation of joint structures. In this pictorial essay, the first of two parts, we delineate the ankle into anatomic compartments and use this as a template for describing pathology in each compartment.
Stability and safety of transbronchial dye mixture for preoperative localization in a porcine model
Authors: Yoo Wan Ho , Kim Sae Rom , Kim Soo Han , Lee Jongggeun , Mok Jeongha , Shin Dong Hoon , Ahn Hyo Yeong , Eom Jung Seop
Published: February 2023

Objective

For thoracoscopy, the usefulness of a dye mixture of indigo carmine and Lipiodol for localizing lung lesions has been reported. However, little is known about the stability and safety of this dye mixture injected on the visceral pleura through a bronchoscope.

Methods

Porcine models were divided into three groups according to the detection time of the dye mixture: group A with a detection time of 4 h; group B, 8 h; and group C, 24 h. A dye mixture of indigo carmine and Lipiodol (0.5 mL each) was sprayed onto the visceral pleura both in the ventral and dorsal regions via a spray catheter.

Results

Twelve markings were created on the visceral pleura of the porcine lung (six ventral and six dorsal) in the six porcine models. At predetermined detection times, all 12 dye markings (100%) were visible on the visceral pleura. The mean longest diameter of the dye marking in the ventral and dorsal regions was 18.8 mm and 24.3 mm, respectively. In groups B and C, pathological changes in the lymphatic system, such as lymphatic dilatations, were found; minimal changes were found in group B, however, these changes with oval‐shaped lymphatic cysts and Lipiodol accumulation, were more evident in group C.

Conclusions

The dye mixture of indigo carmine and Lipiodol had reliable stability and visibility. In terms of safety, it may be necessary to check the dye mixture on the lung surface within 8 h.
Digital diagnostic cytopathology: Has the pandemic brought us closer?
Authors: Girolami Ilaria , Eccher Albino
Published: February 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has acted as a powerful change driver in the field of pathology and has had relevant consequences on the practice of cytopathology, in terms of changes in workload, rates of malignancy, and the performance of cytology. At the same time, regulatory authorities have relaxed their requirements for the deployment of digital pathology for remote diagnostic reporting. However, most of these improvements have concerned digital histopathology. Data from a literature search show that experiences in digital cytopathology during the pandemic have concerned mainly educational and academic activities. From a broader point of view, when searching for all published literature on digital pathology, only a minority of papers deal with cytopathology, but a noticeable increase in publications has been seen in the last 10 years, with an upward trend toward a maximum of papers in 2021. Indeed, the pandemic has led to greater awareness of the possibility of digital for cytopathology as well.
A novel community‐based therapeutic education program for reducing alcohol‐related harms and stigma in people with alcohol use disorders: A quasi‐experimental study (ETHER study)
Authors: Barré Tangui , Ramier Clémence , Antwerpes Saskia , Costa Marie , Bureau Morgane , Maradan Gwenaelle , Di Beo Vincent , Cutarella Christophe , Leloutre Jacques , Riccobono‐Soulier Olivier , Hedoire Sophie , Frot Elodie , Vernier Fabienne , Vassas‐Goyard Stéphanie , Dufort Sabine , Protopopescu Camelia , Marcellin Fabienne , Casanova Danielle , Coste Marion , Carrieri Patrizia
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a significant disease burden in France, where alcohol use is deeply rooted in culture. However, the treatment gap is large because of several barriers, including stigmatisation and drinkers' apprehension about total abstinence. However, standardised and evidence‐based interventions based on controlled‐drinking for people with AUD are lacking. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a novel community‐based French therapeutic patient education (TPE) program for people with AUD named Choizitaconso.

Methods

A before‐after non‐randomised quasi‐experimental study, named ETHER, was designed and implemented with people living with AUD, over a period of 6 months. The primary outcome was percentage change in the number of alcohol‐related harms experienced. Secondary outcomes were percentage changes in psycho‐social patient‐reported and community‐validated outcomes. Participants in the intervention group (n = 34) benefited from the 10‐week TPE program Choizitaconso, while the comparison group (n = 58) received standard care. The Kruskall–Wallis and chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare before‐after changes in variables in both groups. Linear regression models were used to test for the effect of study group on each outcome and to test for the effect of alcohol consumption as a confounder.

Results

At 6 months, all outcomes but one either remained stable or numerically improved in both groups. Internalised stigma significantly improved in the intervention group (p = 0.026) but not in the comparison group (p = 0.207), with a significant group effect (p = 0.014).

Discussion and Conclusions

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Choizitaconso TPE program on community‐validated outcomes, especially internalised stigma.
3D‐gedruckte Moulagen für die individualisierte HDR‐Brachytherapie kutaner Malignome im Gesichtsbereich: Erste klinische Erfahrungen
Authors: Chatzikonstantinou Georgios , Diefenhardt Markus , Fleischmann Maximilian , Meissner Markus , Scherf Christian , Trommel Martin , Ramm Ulla , Rödel Claus , Tselis Nikolaos , Licher Jörg
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung

Die Strahlentherapie älterer sowie gebrechlicher Patienten mit kutanen Malignomen im Gesichtsbereich kann eine klinische Herausforderung darstellen. Dies ist der erste Bericht über die klinischen Erfahrungen mit individualisierten 3D‐gedruckten Moulagen zur High‐Dose‐Rate (HDR)‐Brachytherapie (BT) kutaner Malignome im Gesichtsbereich.

Patienten und Methodik

Fünfzehn Patienten, welche nicht einer radikalen Operation oder definitiven externen Strahlentherapie (EBRT) zugänglich waren, wurden unter Verwendung 3D‐gedruckter Moulagen mittels HDR‐BT behandelt. Patientenauswahl und Indikationsstellung erfolgten im Rahmen einer multidisziplinären dermatologischen Tumorkonferenz. Es werden die ersten onkologischen Ergebnisse unter Berücksichtigung der Toxizität und Kosmesis berichtet.

Ergebnisse

Das mediane Patientenalter betrug 77 Jahre. Histologisch lag bei sieben Patienten ein Plattenepithelkarzinom, bei fünf ein Basalzellkarzinom, bei jeweils einem ein Melanoma in situ, eine Lentigo maligna und ein Melanom vor. Die verordnete Strahlendosis betrug median 39 Gy appliziert in einmaltäglich verabreichten Fraktionsdosen zu 3 Gy. Bei einer medianen Nachbeobachtungszeit von 12,2 Monaten trat bei einem Patienten mit Melanoma in situ ein Lokalrezidiv auf. Mit Ausnahme eines radiogenen Katarakts Grad 4 wurde keine weitere Spättoxizität > Grad 2 dokumentiert.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die HDR‐BT mittels 3D‐gedruckte Moulagen ist eine sichere und gut verträgliche Technik für die strahlentherapeutische Behandlung von insbesondere älteren und gebrechlichen Patienten mit fazialen kutanen Malignomen. Sie kann in Fällen von funktioneller Inoperabilität oder kritischer Tumorlage für eine definitive EBRT als effektive lokale Therapiemodalität in Frage kommen.
Nachhaltigkeit in der dermatologischen Praxis und Klinik: Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Niebel Dennis , Herrmann Alina , Balzer Susanne , Hecker Christina , Koch Susanne , Luhmann Esther , Becker‐Weimann Su Youn , Tischler Max , Löffler Christin , Saha Susanne
Published: February 2023

Fortbestehender hoher Ressourcenverbrauch bedingt die Überschreitung der planetaren Belastungsgrenzen; moderne Gesundheitssysteme tragen zu dieser Problematik bei. Um dies zu adressieren, bietet dieser Artikel eine Übersicht zu ausgewählten Aspekten nachhaltiger Maßnahmen in Praxis und Klinik, die auch für die Dermatologie von Relevanz sind. Konkrete Handlungsfelder liegen im Bereich energetischer und baulicher Maßnahmen, Verkehr und Mobilität, Praxisorganisation inklusive Digitalisierung sowie Personal und Evaluation. Weiterhin werden in diesem Artikel spezielle Aspekte der Hygiene und Reinigung, Dermatochirurgie und Verordnungsverhalten beleuchtet. Externa und Kosmetika werden hierbei gesondert diskutiert, da diese in der Dermatologie eine Sonderstellung einnehmen. Darüber hinaus werden Informationen zu bereits etablierten nachhaltigen Initiativen im Gesundheitswesen zusammengestellt. Ziel des Artikels ist es, zur Reflexion gängiger ärztlicher Praxis und zur Implementation nachhaltiger Maßnahmen anzuregen.
Sulphonylureas versus metformin and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias among people with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Islam Nehal , Reynier Pauline , Douros Antonios , Yu Oriana H. Y. , Filion Kristian B.
Published: February 2023

Aim

To determine whether the use of sulphonylurea monotherapy, compared with metformin monotherapy, is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) among patients initiating pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods

We conducted a population‐based cohort study using electronic health data extracted from the UK's Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum. Using the active comparator, new‐user cohort design, we compared rates of VA among patients aged 18 years or older using sulphonylurea monotherapy with those using metformin monotherapy as their initial pharmacological treatment for type 2 diabetes from April 1998 to December 2019. We used a Cox proportional hazards model with inverse probability of treatment weighting by propensity score to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and a corresponding bootstrap 95% confidence interval (CI) for VA with sulphonylurea monotherapy versus metformin monotherapy.

Results

The cohort included 92 638 new users of sulphonylurea and 506 882 new users of metformin. A total of 279 VA events occurred among sulphonylurea users (rate per 10 000 person‐years: 25.5, 95% CI: 22.7 to 28.7) and 1537 VA events occurred among metformin users (rate per 10 000 person‐years: 18.5, 95% CI: 17.6 to 19.5). Compared with metformin, sulphonylureas were associated with an increased risk of VA (aHR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.69).

Conclusions

Sulphonylureas are associated with an increased risk of VA when used as first‐line therapy for type 2 diabetes relative to metformin use. This increased risk should be considered when prescribing sulphonylureas as an initial treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Why is the West unique in linking religiosity to market friendliness?
Authors: Czeglédi Pál
Published: February 2023

The Integrated Values Survey shows that the positive relationship between religiosity and market friendliness is a uniquely Western feature. With the help of public choice theory, the author hypothesises that this Western uniqueness is the result of the way the dimensions of political ideologies are formed in the West. The hypothesis is supported by regressing an index of market friendliness on a religiosity index, political identity, and a measure of ‘ideological capital’. Accounting for the latter two, the positive association of religiosity with market friendliness vanishes, even in the West.
Business schools and faculty experiences of sexism: Gender structure tensions within and outside these schools
Authors: Hughes Emma , Donnelly Rory
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we advance knowledge and theorization on the sexism experienced by faculty not only inside but also outside the physical boundaries of business schools. We enrich existing knowledge of gender and sexism by applying Gender Structure Theory (GST) to provide a more multi‐dimensional analysis of the role of individuals, interactions, and institutions in shaping gender structures. Engaging with this theoretical framework, we use mixed‐methods and data, integrating statistical data on gender in UK business schools with qualitative data from interviews with 52 academics from 15 schools to provide a nuanced insight into sexism at business schools. The framework developed from the findings extends GST by adding a specific “organizational” dimension, which is needed to examine interorganizational differences and how cultural and material organizational processes are influenced by wider national/international processes. We also identify three key interactional tensions cutting across the dimensions examined: organizational versus interorganizational relations, agency versus dependency, and employment relationships versus stakeholder relationships. The findings generate pressing implications for policy and practice in business schools and academia more broadly.
Physical activity in Norwegian teenagers and young adults with haemophilia A compared to general population peers
Authors: Matlary Ruth Elise D. , Grydeland May , Glosli Heidi , Rueegg Corina Silvia , Holme Pål André
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Limited evidence exists on objectively measured habitual physical activity (PA) of young people with haemophilia (PWH).

Aims

To compare different outcomes of objective PA between young PWH A and controls using a commercial activity tracker.

Methods

We enrolled males aged 13–30 years with moderate and severe haemophilia A, without inhibitors on regular prophylaxis. PA was measured with the activity tracker Fitbit Charge 3 for 12 weeks. Control group data was obtained from ≈60,000 Fitbit users, matched on age, sex and measurement period. PA variables [steps, intensities, volume, activity types, exercise frequencies and proportion meeting the World Health Organization's moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) recommendations] were compared between groups descriptively and using Welch's two‐sample t‐test and two‐sample test of proportions.

Results

Forty PWH A were enrolled (mean age 19.5 years, 50% teenagers, 50% adults, three (7.5%) with moderate and 37 (92.5%) with severe haemophilia). Mean daily steps and minutes MVPA were similar between PWH and controls. PWH spent more time in light PA (mean 227 vs. 192 min/day, P = .033) and exercised more frequently (mean 5.6 vs. 3.9 exercise sessions/week, P < .001). Among teenagers, 40% PWH and 8% controls reached MVPA recommendations, compared to 95% and 100% among adults. The most common type of PA was walking.

Conclusion

This cohort of young PWH A on prophylactic treatment had PA levels comparable to controls. Still, a considerable proportion of teenagers did not meet the recommended weekly volume of MVPA, and we encourage clinicians to have a particular focus on promoting PA for this group.
Rodent odour bait: A new bumble bee conservation tool to enhance nest box occupancy
Authors: Varner Elana , Mark Kayla , Jackson Hanna , Singleton Kendal , Luo Laura , Johnson Sarah , Gries Regine , Gries Gerhard
Published: February 2023

Bumble bee conservation focuses on supplementing floral resources. Yet, nesting site availability is linked to bumble bee abundance. As a supplement to natural nest sites, nest boxes could be deployed and baited with synthetic lures.

As queen bumble bees reportedly establish colonies in abandoned rodent burrows, we hypothesized (1) that queen bumble bees sense, and behaviourally respond to, rodent odour, and (2) that lures of synthetic rodent odour can guide spring queens to nest boxes.

We collected headspace odorants from bedding soiled with urine and faeces of house mice, Mus musculus, and identified the 10 odorants that elicited responses from queen antennae.

To field‐test attraction of queens to mouse excreta odorants, we tree‐mounted paired nest boxes in florally rich locations, and assigned clean and soiled bedding, respectively, to one box in each pair.

Queens established colonies in 17 mouse‐scented boxes and in six unscented boxes. This 43% occupancy rate of mouse‐scented boxes represents a significant improvement over the 10% occupancy rate common for unscented boxes. In a further field experiment, we baited one box in each pair with a synthetic mouse odour lure and found that queens established colonies in 13 baited boxes and in six unbaited control boxes. Specifically, Bombus mixtus established seven colonies in baited boxes and only one colony in an unbaited box.

With this proof‐of‐concept that synthetic lures can guide queens to nest boxes, we anticipate that bumble bee conservation programs will soon be able to offer both expanded floral resources and baited nest boxes readily detectable by queens.
Water deficit as a trigger to immature soybean pod opening
Authors: Moura Lorena de Oliveira , da Silva Martha Freire , da Cunha Fernando França , Picoli Edgard Augusto de Toledo , Silva Francisco Charles dos Santos , da Silva Felipe Lopes
Published: February 2023

Recently, the opening of immature and green pods has been identified in some soybean genotypes and it has raised concern. The cause of this opening has not been elucidated yet, but there is some evidence it may be associated with water‐deficit occurrences. Thus, this study aimed to verify the influence of water deficit on the opening of immature pods and correlate this feature with other agronomic traits. For this purpose, two trials using 99 soybean genotypes were carried out in a greenhouse. The plants were kept under two irrigation treatments: control treatment (soil kept at water potential of −33 kPa) and water‐deficit treatment (soil kept at water potential of −900 kPa, imposed between the R3 and R6 development stages). The number of immature open pods was analysed descriptively and we found that, in both trials, the water‐deficit treatment favoured the opening of immature pods of some genotypes. In trial 1, we evidenced that, under water deficit, grains tend to have greater volumes, and thus, the pod does not bear the size of the grain and shatters. In trial 2, in addition to water deficit, other factors acted on grain size and, consequently, on the opening of immature pods. According to the correlation analysis, the other evaluated agronomic traits did not behave in a consistent way in the two trials, and so they would not be recommended for the indirect selection of the opening of immature pods. Besides water deficit, other soil and climate factors might affect this process of immature pod opening.
An Exploration of an Improved Aggregate Student Growth Measure Using Data from Two States
Authors: Castellano Katherine E. , McCaffrey Daniel F. , Lockwood J. R.
Published: February 2023

The simple average of student growth scores is often used in accountability systems, but it can be problematic for decision making. When computed using a small/moderate number of students, it can be sensitive to the sample, resulting in inaccurate representations of growth of the students, low year‐to‐year stability, and inequities for low‐incidence groups. An alternative designed to address these issues is to use an Empirical Best Linear Prediction (EBLP), which is a weighted average of growth score data from other years and/or subjects. We apply both approaches to two statewide datasets to answer empirical questions about their performance. The EBLP outperforms the simple average in accuracy and cross‐year stability with the exception that accuracy was not necessarily improved for very large districts in one of the states. In such exceptions, we show a beneficial alternative may be to use a hybrid approach in which very large districts receive the simple average and all others receive the EBLP. We find that adding more growth score data to the computation of the EBLP can improve accuracy, but not necessarily for larger schools/districts. We review key decision points in aggregate growth reporting and in specifying an EBLP weighted average in practice.
A questionnaire study on disparity of cervical cancer prevention programs in Asia‐Oceania
Authors:   The Oncology Committee, Asia and Oceania Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tse Ka Yu , Ushijima Kimio , Tan Ai Ling , Intasorn Perapong , Pariyar Jitendra , Chang Chih‐Long , Domingo Efren J. , Konar Hiralal , Kumarasamy Suresh , Tjokroprawiro Brahmana Askandar , Wilailak Sarikapan
Published: February 2023

Background

Despite the introduction of cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, the utilization pattern was not standardized. The aim of this study was to elicit the current prevention care in Asia‐Oceania.

Methods

An online questionnaire was circulated to different countries/cities in Asia‐Oceania. The primary objective was to evaluate the coverage of HPV vaccination and cervical screening programs. The secondary objectives were to study the structures of these programs. Five case scenarios were set to understand how the respondents manage the abnormal screening results.

Results

Fourteen respondents from 10 countries/cities had participated. Cervical cancer ranked the first in Myanmar and Nepal. About 10%–15% did not have national vaccination or screening program. The estimated coverage rate for vaccination and screening varied from less than 1% to 70%, which the coverage ran in parallel with the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer. All regions approved HPV vaccines, although only four provided free or subsidized programs for nonavalent vaccine. Cervical cytology remained the most common screening tool, and 20%–30% relied heavily on visual inspection using acetic acid. The screening age groups varied in different regions. From the case scenarios, it was noted that some respondents tended to offer more frequent screening tests or colposcopy than recommended by international guidelines.

Conclusion

This study revealed discrepancy in the practice of cervical cancer prevention in Asia‐Oceania especially access to HPV vaccines. There is an urgent need for a global collaboration to eliminate cervical cancer by public education, reforming services, and medical training.
Pain management: A deeper look at rural and urban nurses’ perceptions and experiences
Authors: Schuller Kristin A. , Dunson‐Dillard Tonia
Published: February 2023

Purpose

About 11.4 million individuals admitted to misusing an opioid in the past year. The purpose of this study was to determine if nurses’ definitions of pain management differed by location, and to assess the challenges treating patients with pain management concerns. This study fills a gap by comparing quantitative and qualitative feedback from nurses on pain management concerns in their practice location.

Methods

Data were collected using an electronic survey emailed to licensed nurses across the United States. The mixed methods survey used multiple choice, select all that apply, and open‐ended responses to gather data on nurses’ perceptions of pain management. One hundred and eighty nurses completed the survey and were included in the study. Sixty‐six percent practiced in an urban hospital.

Findings

Rural and urban nurses defined pain management as nonopioids and opioids. Seventy‐one percent of urban nurses defined pain management as physical therapy compared to only 61% of rural nurses. Similarly, 62% of urban nurses identified homeopathic medicines and treatments as pain management techniques compared to 52% of rural nurses. From the qualitative data, 32% of rural nurses stated that patients with pain management concerns only want pain medications compared to 14% of urban nurses.

Conclusions

Nurses have a critical position in and valuable perspective on the opioid epidemic. Rural communities are relatively disadvantaged in combatting the opioid epidemic. The finding that rural residents only want pain medication instead of alternative pain management options further challenges the country's rural health care workforce.
Analysis of environmental, social, and anthropogenic factors as potential drivers of breaching behavior in the Mediterranean fin whale
Authors: Campana Ilaria , Farace Ivan , Paraboschi Miriam , Arcangeli Antonella
Published: February 2023

Breaching is frequently reported for many large cetacean species, but this behavior is considered very rare in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). Fin whales are regularly observed in the Mediterranean Sea, and they perform seasonal concentration/dispersal movements throughout this basin. This study aimed to investigate the influence that environmental parameters, social factors, and anthropogenic disturbance may have on breaching behavior in fin whales to deepen the understanding of these displays. Fin whale sightings were collected between 2012 and 2020 within the Fixed Line Transect Monitoring Network along the ferry route from Italy to Spain, crossing the mid‐latitudes of the western Mediterranean Sea. Breaching events were analyzed with respect to season, chlorophyll concentration, sea state, group size, fin whale frequency, distance between a breaching event and the closest whales, distance from the observation platform, and maritime traffic. During the study, breaching events were recorded 27 times over 721 fin whale sightings (3.74%), with a higher frequency during summer and fall (>4.96%) compared to spring (1.77%); no events were observed during winter. The most significant variables were distance from the observation platform as an inhibitory factor and distance between whales, possibly related to socialization and communication.
The effects of weight‐lowering pharmacotherapies on physical activity, function and fitness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jobanputra Rishi , Sargeant Jack A. , Almaqhawi Abdullah , Ahmad Ehtasham , Arsenyadis Franciskos , Webb David R. , Herring Louisa Y. , Khunti Kamlesh , Davies Melanie J. , Yates Thomas
Published: February 2023

Weight‐lowering pharmacotherapies provide an option for weight management; however, their effects on physical activity, function, and cardiorespiratory fitness are not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to investigate the effect of licensed weight loss pharmacotherapies on physical activity, physical function, and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with obesity. Fourteen trials met our prespecified inclusion criteria: Five investigated liraglutide, four semaglutide, three naltrexone/bupropion, and two phentermine/topiramate. All 14 trials included a self‐reported measure of physical function, with the pooled findings suggesting an improvement favoring the pharmacotherapy intervention groups (SMD: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.32) and effects generally consistent across different therapies. Results were also consistent when stratified by the two most commonly used measures: The Short‐Form 36‐Item Questionnaire (SF‐36) (0.24; 0.17 to 0.32) and the Impact of Weight on Quality Of Life‐Lite (IWQOL‐Lite) (0.29; 0.23 to 0.35). Meta‐regression confirmed a significant association between pharmacotherapy induced weight loss and improved physical function for IWQOL‐Lite (p = 0.003). None of the studies reported a physical activity outcome, and only one study reported objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness. Improvements in self‐reported physical function were observed with weight loss therapy, but the effect on physical activity or objectively measured physical function and fitness could not be determined.
Vitamin B6 biosynthesis is essential for the virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Hou Yunyu , Cai Jing , Lin Yunuan , Mi Duo , Tao Jun , Li Chunxia
Published: February 2023

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease, which threatens rice production around the world. Efficient infection of rice leaves by Xoo depends on its ability to obtain nutrients from the plant and to cope with the host defence responses. Vitamin B6 (VB6) is essential to the growth of all organisms, but bacteria and plants use different biosynthesis pathways, meaning VB6 biosynthesis might be attractive as an antibacterial target. In bacteria, deoxyxylose 5‐phosphate (DXP)‐dependent and deoxyxylose 5‐phosphate‐independent biosynthesis pathways can produce VB6. However, the Xoo VB6 biosynthesis pathway has not been experimentally identified, and its role in Xoo virulence remains unclear. Here, we analysed the VB6 biosynthesis pathway in Xoo and its role in host–pathogen interactions. PdxA and PdxJ are key components for DXP‐dependent VB6 biosynthesis; we found that Xoo mutants containing mutations in these two putative genes (pdxA and pdxJ) were fully auxotrophic for VB6, demonstrating that Xoo VB6 de novo biosynthesis is DXP‐dependent. We also found that mutation of these key genes (pdxA and pdxJ) significantly reduced Xoo virulence in rice. These results suggest that VB6 de novo biosynthesis is essential for Xoo virulence.
Auto-etnografía, ¿realidad o ficción?
Authors: López-Martínez Gabriel
Published: February 2023

Se trata de una propuesta de presentar la auto-etnografía como recurso de recuperación de experiencias y recuerdos. No en el sentido de un diario, sino como recorrido que recupera una experiencia extraordinaria, donde el participante es al tiempo investigo
Analysis of the scientific production on sea turtles in Cabo Verde
Authors: Marín-Capuz Gisela , Menéndez-Blázquez Javier
Published: February 2023

Sea turtles constitute a threatened group of fauna, thus to know caveats in their knowledge it is crucial to lead research efforts. The present study aims to analyse the scientific literature published on marine turtles in Cabo Verde by means of a bibliographic analysis. We analysed the temporal and geographical variation in the publications, the number of authors and nationalities involved, and the extent of study of different research topics by species. The number of publications grew through the analysed time period (1979-2020), as well as the number of authors. The countries with the highest number of publications were Spain followed by Cabo Verde. Research areas of greater investigation effort were “Breeding and reproductive success”, followed by “Conservation and management” and “Population dynamics”. However, there were differences between species and islands. Most of the studies were conducted at Boa Vista, followed by Sal and Maio Islands. The most studied species was Caretta caretta. This analysis contributes to understand trends and caveats in sea turtle knowledge that could help guide future research lines in areas of particular concern.
Influence of size, sex and age on venom yield of Bothrops leucurus (Serpentes, Viperidae) in captivity conditions
Authors: Braga Jacqueline Ramos Machado , Oitaven Leonardo Pessoa Cabus , Da Rocha Marisa Maria Teixeira , Vieira Samira Emaniela Maria , Rúbio Diego Terenciano , Sant’anna Sávio Stefanini , Grego Kathleen Fernandes
Published: February 2023

Snake venom is an expensive metabolic weapon used for digestion and defense. Detailed studies on the production of venoms are important for the manufacture of antivenoms and for the therapeutic management of snakebites. Bothrops leucurus is one of the snakes of medical importance responsible for a large number of accidents in Northeast Brazil. To establish the correlation between Bothrops leucurus venom (Blv) yield, under captive conditions, and the morphological characteristics (body mass and length), sex and age, 31 specimens were milked during one year, grouped by sex and age (juvenile, adult and long-lived), totaling 106 extractions in that period. We evaluated the electrophoretic profile (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions, the 50% lethal dose (LD50) and the minimum coagulant dose (DMC) of the extracted venoms. The body size was positively correlated with venom production in B. leucurus snakes. Regardless of sex and age, the venom showed no differences between liquid and solid composition or between right and left fang, however, the production of venom in females was twice the one found in males and more lethal. The clotting ability was lost as the animals aged, indicating that older snakes are not the best choice for venom pools in the production of antivenoms. These results are important for the choice of animals to antivenom production, and to understand the biological effects of snake venoms under captive conditions.
Associations Between Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Depressive Symptomatology in Adolescents: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Kracht Chelsea L. , Pochana Sai S. , Staiano Amanda E.
Published: February 2023

Background: More moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and less time in sedentary behavior (SB) may protect against poor mental health in adolescence. Depressive symptomatology may also influence adolescents’ own MVPA and SB. The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional relationship between adolescent MVPA, SB, and depressive symptomatology using a longitudinal approach. Methods: Adolescents (10–16 y) were recruited for a prospective observational cohort. Depressive symptomatology was measured using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. Accelerometry was used to measure MVPA and SB. Adolescents were classified by meeting the MVPA guideline (≥60 min/d) and quartiles of SB time, with the lowest amount of time in SB compared to others. Bidirectional associations between MVPA, SB, and depressive symptomatology were assessed using mixed-effects regression models. Results: At baseline, adolescents (n = 205) were 12.5 (2.0) years, 54.6% women, 59.1% White, and 34.6% African American. In unadjusted models, adolescents with less baseline time in SB had lower follow-up Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire scores, and fewer were classified as depressed at follow-up compared to others. After adjustment, adolescents with less baseline time in SB had lower depressive symptomatology at follow-up. Conclusions: Limiting time spent in SB in adolescence may improve future mental health.
Analogous Forecasting for Predicting Sport Innovation Diffusion: From Business Analytics to Natural Language Processing
Authors: Wanless Liz , Naraine Michael L.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the diffusion of one sport innovation to forecast a second. Contextualized within the diffusion of innovations theory, this study investigated cumulative business analytics diffusion as an analog for cumulative natural language processing (NLP) diffusion in professional sport. A total of 89 teams of the 123 teams in the Big Four North American men’s professional sport leagues contributed: 21 from the National Football League, 23 from the National Basketball Association, 22 from Major League Baseball, and 23 from the National Hockey League. Utilizing an analogous forecasting approach, a discrete derivation of the Bass model was applied to cumulative BA adoption data. Parameters were then extended to predict cumulative NLP adoption. Resulting BA-estimated parameters (p = .0072, q = .3644) determined a close fit to NLP diffusion (root mean square error of approximation = 3.51, mean absolute error = 2.98), thereby validating BA to predict the takeoff and full adoption of NLP. This study illuminates an ongoing and isomorphic process for diffusion of innovations in the professional sport social system and generates a novel application of diffusion of innovations theory to the sport industry.
Nonredundant Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductases Influence Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Anaerobic Growth and Virulence
Authors: Cruz E. , Haeberle A. L. , Westerman T. L. , Durham M. E. , Suyemoto M. M. , Knodler L. A. , Elfenbein J. R.
Published: February 2023

Facultative anaerobic enteric pathogens can utilize a diverse array of alternate electron acceptors to support anaerobic metabolism and thrive in the hypoxic conditions within the mammalian gut. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is produced by methionine catabolism and can act as an alternate electron acceptor to support anaerobic respiration.
Coding-Complete Sequence of
Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus
Isolated from Iraq
Authors: Kareem Ahmed , Alisawi Osamah , Al Fadhl Fadhl
Published: February 2023

Here, we report the coding-complete sequence of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV; strain Hilla) in cowpea using total transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analyses. The sequence length was 8,119 bp long and has 6 open reading frames. The genome was phylogenetically close to two isolates collected from Ghana.
Evolutionary Responses to Acquiring a Multidrug Resistance Plasmid Are Dominated by Metabolic Functions across Diverse Escherichia coli Lineages
Authors: Carrilero Laura , Dunn Steven J. , Moran Robert A. , McNally Alan , Brockhurst Michael A.
Published: February 2023

Plasmids drive the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes between bacterial genomes. However, the evolutionary processes allowing plasmids to be assimilated by diverse bacterial genomes are poorly understood, especially in clinical pathogens.
The Molecular Effect of Wearing Silver-Threaded Clothing on the Human Skin
Authors: Melnik Alexey V. , Callewaert Chris , Dorrestein Kathleen , Broadhead Rosie , Minich Jeremiah J. , Ernst Madeleine , Humphrey Greg , Ackermann Gail , Gathercole Rob , Aksenov Alexander A. , Knight Rob , Dorrestein Pieter C.
Published: February 2023

The impact of silver-threaded material on human skin chemistry and microbiome is largely unknown. Although the most abundant taxa remained unaffected, silver caused an increase in diversity and richness of low-abundant bacteria and a decrease in chemical diversity.
Supplemental Material: Dating submarine landslides using the transient response of gas hydrate stability
Authors: Portnov Alexey , al. et
Published: February 2023

Methods, analytical solution, sensitivity analyses, and validation of the analytical solution at Storegga landslide. 
Investigation of the gap-to-Tc ratio of LaH10 and LaD10 superconductors
Authors: Ruangrungrote S. , Chanpoom T. , Thaninworapak R. , Udomsamuthirun P.
Published: February 2023

In this research, we investigated the gap-to-[Formula: see text] ratio of LaH[Formula: see text] and LaD[Formula: see text] superconductors by using modification of the BCS theory. The assumption of carriers under high pressure was in a new state, revealing a novel dispersion relation and providing a peak located in density of state. The precise formula of the gap-to-[Formula: see text] ratio was derived and achieved. The numerical results were examined, and subsequently a greater value than the one in the BCS was obtained. Our gap-to-[Formula: see text] results showed the best fit with the first-principle calculation of LaH[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]–5.25) and LaD[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]–5.20) superconductors. Finally, those results were carried out to the gap-to-[Formula: see text] ratio of metal-hydrides such as H3S, CaH6, YH4, YH6, YH7, YH9, CeH9, CeH[Formula: see text], ThH9 and ThH[Formula: see text] yielding the positive outcome and interpretation.
Analytical intrinsic mechanical properties of piezoelectric ceramics under the saturated and unsaturated poling states
Authors: Bai Bing , Wu Yugong
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to study the intrinsic mechanical contributions of poled piezoelectric ceramics under the three ferroelectric phases [tetragonal (4[Formula: see text]mm), rhombohedral (3[Formula: see text]m) and orthorhombic (mm2)]. The intrinsic elastic coefficients and spontaneous strains of saturated and unsaturated poling piezoelectric ceramics are analyzed and calculated by probability density functions of orientation (PDFOs) and Reuss or Voigt average, and the analytical results of the intrinsic mechanical properties of piezoelectric ceramics with the poling degree are obtained. In addition, this paper also calculates the Young’s modulus and shear modulus of barium titanate (BaTiO3) piezoelectric ceramics by PDFO which are based on the Reuss, Voigt and Hill averages. Comparing them with the published theoretical calculation data shows that the results calculated by the finite element method under the saturated and unsaturated poling states are within the range of the results calculated by us using the three average theories through PDFO, and it shows the accuracy of calculation by PDFO.