bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hip Abductor Deficiency after Total Hip Arthroplasty: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Methods
Authors: Krüger David Richard , Heller Karl-Dieter
Published: July 2021

Abductor deficiency after total hip arthroplasty is a severe complication with functional limitations and a significant reduction in the patientʼs quality of life. Common causes are degenerative ruptures or approach-related iatrogenic damage to the gluteus medius and minimus muscle and the inferior gluteal nerve, fractures of the greater trochanter and incorrect reconstruction of leg length and femoroacetabular offset. With a standardised diagnosis consisting of a clinical examination, conventional X-ray and MRI, the causes of the functional problems can often be reliably determined. Therapy of abductor deficiency is challenging for both patients and physicians and is often tedious. However, with a clear diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm and straightforward patient education, good treatment results can be achieved even in this challenging condition. Conservative therapy with eccentric stretching and muscle strengthening are the basis of the treatment. In cases of
progression of complaints despite intensive conservative treatment, various anatomical and extra-anatomical surgical reconstruction methods are available to relieve pain and improve function. Anatomical reconstruction of the gluteal tendon insertion is an option in cases of low-grade fatty infiltration and moderate retraction of the gluteal muscles. In situations with advanced degenerative changes in the gluteus medius and minimus muscles and an intact gluteus maximus muscle, transfer of the anterior portion of the gluteus maximus according to Whiteside is an option. For high-grade defects of the soft tissue, there is also the option of an isolated or combined transfer of the vastus lateralis muscle.
Grünes Licht für Ihre Praxis – Qualitätsmanagement in physiotherapeutischen Praxen
Authors: Nickel Gloria Josephine
Published: July 2021

Es sollte Therapierenden ein Anliegen sein, stetig die Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten zu verbessern. Dazu stehen ihnen zahlreiche Instrumente des Qualitätsmanagements zur Verfügung. Prüfen Sie mit einem Selbsttest, wie es um das QM in Ihrer Praxis steht, und erhalten Sie Tipps, was Sie verbessern könnten.
Tauschbörse – Maier-Kolumne
Authors: Maier Ulrike
Published: July 2021

Neue Zeiten bringen neue Bedürfnisse. Monatelang war vieles geschlossen – der Tauschhandel florierte. Unsere Praxis entwickelte sich zum Dreh- und Angelpunkt nicht nur in Gesundheitsfragen. Ein ganz neues Miteinander, wie von der Politik propagiert, nur anders. Besser.
Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (Ogilvieʼs Syndrome) after Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ziroglu Nezih , Oruç Sevinç Ödül
Published: July 2021

Ogilvieʼs syndrome is a clinical entity that occurs with signs of excessive dilatation of the colon and obstruction, despite the absence of a mechanical obstruction. Although its etiology
remains uncertain, anticholinergic drugs, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, hyperparathyroidism, Parkinsonʼs disease, major orthopedic interventions, or blunt abdominal trauma are
considered to be possible causes. Imbalance in sympathetic innervation plays a role in the pathogenesis. The characteristic feature of the syndrome is the presence of a major trauma or
surgical history. Although this is an uncommon complication, especially after hip and knee arthroplasty, it is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Conservative or surgical colonic
decompression and anticholinergic agents play a role in the treatment of Ogilvieʼs syndrome, which is defined as acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO). In this case report, we present the
postoperative process of an elderly patient with comorbid diseases who underwent hemiarthroplasty due to a hip fracture as a result of a domestic fall. We will discuss the diagnosis of ACPO
and the approach to multidisciplinary management of the treatment in a case that is frequently encountered in daily practice and starts as a normal report. We aim to remind surgeons that
they may encounter ACPO in the postoperative period and to emphasize that mortality and morbidity can be reduced with early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach. We would like to
emphasize that Ogilvieʼs syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis portfolio of all orthopedic surgeons.
Total Synthesis of (R)-Argentilactone and (R)-Goniothalamin Using a Free-Radical Photoredox Approach to α,β-Unsaturated δ-Lactones
Authors: Cordero-Vargas Alejandro , Fuentes-Pantoja Francisco J.
Published: July 2021

α,β-Unsaturated δ-lactones are structural motifs found in diverse pharmacologically active natural products. In fact, the unsaturated lactone is often responsible for the biological activity. Herein, we report a new approach for the syntheses of (R)-argentilactone and (R)-goniothalamin based on a photoredox intermolecular iodolactonization mediated by a photoredox process. This new approach, already employed in our research group, stands as a new methodology to achieve several natural products containing α,β-unsaturated δ-lactones.
Single, Dual, and Triple Antithrombotic Therapy in Cancer Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Searching for Evidence and Personalized Approaches
Authors: Santoro Ciro , Capone Valentina , Canonico Mario Enrico , Gargiulo Giuseppe , Esposito Roberta , Sanna Giuseppe Damiano , Parodi Guido , Esposito Giovanni
Published: July 2021

Improvement in life expectancy of patients suffering from oncohematologic disorders has turned cancer from an acute into a chronic condition, making the management of comorbidities problematic, especially when it comes to both acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Treatment-related adverse events and drug–drug interactions often influence the therapeutic approach of patients with active malignancies and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, tumor cells and platelets maintain a complex crosstalk that on one hand enhances tumor dissemination and on the other hand induces hemostasis abnormalities. Hence, clinicians should move carefully in the intricate land mines established by patients with active cancer under antithrombotic therapy. To date, there is no consensus on the antithrombotic treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases and concomitant malignancies. The aim of this review is to collect the available scientific evidence, including the latest clinical trials and guidelines, in order to provide guidance on the management of antithrombotic treatment (both antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy) in cancer patients with either pre-existent or new-onset coronary artery disease. Randomized-controlled trials on antithrombotic treatment in oncologic populations, which by far have thus far been excluded, have to be promoted to supply recommendations in the oncohematologic setting.
Dysfibrinogenemia—Potential Impact of Genotype on Thrombosis or Bleeding
Authors: Bor Mustafa Vakur , Feddersen Søren , Pedersen Inge Søkilde , Sidelmann Johannes Jakobsen , Kristensen Søren Risom
Published: July 2021

The congenital dysfibrinogenemias, most often associated with bleeding disorders, encompass mutations in the amino-terminal end of fibrinogen α-chain consisting of Gly17-Pro18-Arg19-Val20, known as knob A, which is a critical site for fibrin polymerization. Here we review the studies reporting dysfibrinogenemia due to mutations affecting fibrinogen knob A and identified 29 papers. The number of reports on dysfibrinogenemias related to residues Gly17, Pro18, Arg19, and Val20 is 5, 4, 18, and 2, respectively. Dysfibrinogenemias related to residues Gly17, Pro18, and Val20 are exclusively associated with bleeding tendency. However, the clinical picture associated with dysfibrinogenemia related to residue Arg19 varies, with most patients suffering from bleeding tendencies, but also transitory ischemic attacks and retinal thrombosis may occur. The reason for this variation is unclear. To elaborate the genotype–phenotype associations further, we studied a Danish family with knob A-related dysfibrinogenemia caused by the Aα Arg19Gly (p.Arg19Gly) mutation using whole-exome sequencing and fibrin structure analysis. Our family is the first reported carrying the p.Arg19Gly mutation combined with one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s in FGA, FGB, and/or FGG and increased fibrin fiber thickness and fibrin mass-to-length ratio suffering from pulmonary emboli, suggesting that compound genotypes may contribute to the thrombogenic phenotype of these patients. Our review, accordingly, focuses on significance of SNPs, compound genotypes, and fibrin structure measures affecting the genotype–phenotype associations in fibrinogen knob A mutations.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bronchiectasis
Authors: Fernández-Barat Laia , Alcaraz-Serrano Victoria , Amaro Rosanel , Torres Antoni
Published: July 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in patients with bronchiectasis (BE) is associated with a poor outcome and quality of life, and its presence is considered a marker of disease severity. This opportunistic pathogen is known for its ability to produce biofilms on biotic or abiotic surfaces and to survive environmental stress exerted by antimicrobials, inflammation, and nutrient or oxygen depletion. The presence of PA biofilms has been linked to chronic respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis but not in BE. There is considerable inconsistency in the reported infection/eradication rates of PA and chronic PA. In addition, inadequate antimicrobial treatment may potentiate the progression from intermittent to chronic infection and also the emergence of antibiotic resistance. A better comprehension of the pathophysiology of PA infections and its implications for BE is urgently needed. This can drive improvements in diagnostic accuracy, can move us toward a new consensus definition of chronic infection, can better define the follow-up of patients at risk of PA, and can achieve more successful eradication rates. In addition, the new technological advances regarding molecular diagnostics, -omics, and biomarkers require us to reconsider our traditional concepts.
The Deteriorating Patient: Therapies Including Lung Transplantation
Authors: Detailleur Stephanie , Vos Robin , Goeminne Pieter
Published: July 2021

In this review paper, we discuss the characteristics that define severe bronchiectasis and which may lead to deterioration of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. These characteristics were used to establish the current severity scores: bronchiectasis severity index (BSI), FACED, and E-FACED (exacerbation frequency, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, age, colonization, extension and dyspnea score). They can be used to predict mortality, exacerbation rate, hospital admission, and quality of life. Furthermore, there are different treatable traits that contribute to severe bronchiectasis and clinical deterioration. When present, they can be a target of the treatment to stabilize bronchiectasis.

One of the first steps in treatment management of bronchiectasis is evaluation of compliance to already prescribed therapy. Several factors can contribute to treatment adherence, but to date no real interventions have been published to ameliorate this phenomenon. In the second step, treatment in deteriorating patients with bronchiectasis should be guided by the predominant symptoms, for example, cough, sputum, difficulty expectoration, exacerbation rate, or physical impairment. In the third step, we evaluate treatable traits that could influence disease severity in the deteriorating patient. Finally, in patients who are difficult to treat despite maximum medical treatment, eligibility for surgery (when disease is localized), should be considered. In case of end-stage disease, the evaluation for lung transplantation should be performed. Noninvasive ventilation can serve as a bridge to lung transplantation in patients with respiratory failure.
Using Log Data to Measure Provider EHR Activity at a Cancer Center during Rapid Telemedicine Deployment
Authors: Moore Colin , Valenti Amber , Robinson Edmondo , Perkins Randa
Published: July 2021

Objectives Accurate metrics of provider activity within the electronic health record (EHR) are critical to understand workflow efficiency and target optimization initiatives. We utilized newly described, log-based core metrics at a tertiary cancer center during rapid escalation of telemedicine secondary to initial coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) peak onset of social distancing restrictions at our medical center (COVID-19 peak). These metrics evaluate the impact on total EHR time, work outside of work, time on documentation, time on prescriptions, inbox time, teamwork for orders, and undivided attention patients receive during an encounter. Our study aims were to evaluate feasibility of implementing these metrics as an efficient tool to optimize provider workflow and to track impact on workflow to various provider groups, including physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), and different medical divisions, during times of significant policy change in the treatment landscape.

Methods Data compilation and analysis was retrospectively performed in Tableau utilizing user and schedule data obtained from Cerner Millennium PowerChart and our internal scheduling software. We analyzed three distinct time periods: the 3 months prior to the initial COVID-19 peak, the 3 months during peak, and 3 months immediately post-peak.

Results Application of early COVID-19 restrictions led to a significant increase of telemedicine encounters from baseline <1% up to 29.2% of all patient encounters. During initial peak period, there was a significant increase in total EHR time, work outside of work, time on documentation, and inbox time for providers. Overall APPs spent significantly more time in the EHR compared with physicians. All of the metrics returned to near baseline after the initial COVID-19 peak in our area.

Conclusion Our analysis showed that implementation of these core metrics is both feasible and can provide an accurate representation of provider EHR workflow adjustments during periods of change, while providing a basis for cross-vendor and cross-institutional analysis.
The Effect of Aberrant Rotation on Radiographic Patellar Height Measurement Using Canton-Deschamps Index: A Cadaveric Analysis
Authors: Huddleston Hailey P. , Redondo Michael L. , Cregar William M. , Christian David R. , Hannon Charles P. , Yanke Adam B.
Published: July 2021

The Caton-Deschamps Index (CDI) is a measurement used to evaluate patella alta based on true lateral radiographs; however, no prior study has investigated how altering the degree of radiograph aberrancy affects CDI measurement. The primary and secondary purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of rotational radiographic changes on patella height measurements and compare these findings to MRI measurements, respectively. Five cadaver knees (n = 5) were utilized in this study. True lateral radiographs were obtained for each specimen by using a fluoroscopic C-arm machine. The C-arm was then altered in two planes (axial and coronal) in both the clockwise and counterclockwise direction and radiographs were taken at 5, 10, and 15 degrees of error from the true lateral position. A CDI measurement of each specimen was performed based on sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slices and compared with radiographic CDI measurements. Three orthopedic surgeons measured the CDI for each radiograph and MRI performed. Interrater reliability and changes in CDI were analyzed. Clinically significant difference in CDI was set to 0.1. Mean intraclass correlation coefficient was high (≥0.7) at true lateral and at all varying degrees of error. When performing a pairwise comparison of mean CDI from the true lateral position to increasing degrees of error, statistically significant differences were observed in the axial plane. The largest change in CDI measurements was seen with rotational malposition in the axial plane and counterclockwise direction. No statistically significant differences in mean CDI were observed in the coronal plane. The change in CDI from the true lateral position reached an absolute maximum of at least 0.1 in all four scenarios at each tested degree of error. This study found that aberrant radiographic rotation in the axial plane resulted in a significantly different mean CDI measurement when compared with true lateral radiographs. All degrees of error in both directions and in both planes could have a clinically significant effect on CDI (≥0.1). Our findings confirm the importance of a perfect true lateral radiograph when measuring patella height.
Short-Term Outcomes after High Tibial Osteotomy Aimed at Neutral Alignment Combined with Arthroscopic Centralization of Medial Meniscus in Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Katagiri Hiroki , Nakagawa Yusuke , Miyatake Kazumasa , Ohara Toshiyuki , Shioda Mikio , Sekiya Ichiro , Koga Hideyuki
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to improve the long-term outcomes of open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO); procedures combining OWHTO aimed at neutral alignment and arthroscopic centralization for meniscal extrusion have been introduced. The present study evaluated short-term patient-reported outcome measures; namely, the patient subjective satisfaction scores and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for walking pain after OWHTO aimed at neutral alignment with and without arthroscopic centralization for an extruded medial meniscus. A retrospective review of 50 primary OWHTO patients was conducted. Thirty-nine patients were included in the analysis after applying the exclusion criteria. The centralization group included 21 patients with knee osteoarthritis patients who underwent the OWHTO with arthroscopic meniscal centralization, while the control group included 18 patients who underwent OWHTO alone. The patient subjective satisfaction scores and NRS for walking pain were recorded at outpatient visits from before surgery to 3 years after surgery. In terms of the Lysholm knee scale, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score, and Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the latest data (at least 2 years after surgery) were reviewed. Radiographic changes in joint space width and joint line congruence angle were measured 2 years postoperatively. Patient demographic data were also reviewed. One patient in the centralization group experienced a superficial surgical site infection. The patient subjective satisfaction and NRS scores for walking pain gradually improved by 1 year after surgery and were sustained until 3 years after surgery in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups. The course of patient-reported outcome measures from before surgery to 3 years after surgery for solely OWHTO aimed at neutral alignment and OWHTO aimed at neutral alignment with arthroscopic centralization showed the similar trends.
Wound Management following Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Updated Review
Authors: Naylor Brandon H. , Tarazi John M. , Salem Hytham S. , Harwin Steven F. , Mont Michael A.
Published: July 2021

Optimal wound closure techniques following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have focused on enhancing healing potential, preventing infection, yielding satisfactory cosmesis, and allowing early ambulation and functionality. An appropriate layered closure and management of the TKA typically involves addressing the (1) deep fascial layer; (2) subdermal layer; (3) intradermal layer, including the subcuticular region; and (4) final application of a specific aseptic dressing, each of which are covered here in detail. This focused critical review of the literature discusses traditional techniques used in all layers of wound closure following TKA while introducing several emerging popular techniques. For example, absorbable barbed skin sutures and occlusive dressings have the potential to reduce operative time, limit the need for early postoperative visits, obviate the need for suture or staple removal, and safely promote patient communication via telemedicine. As novel wound closure techniques continue to emerge and traditional approaches are improved upon, future comparative studies will assist in elucidating the key advantages of various options. In an extremely important field that has tremendous variability, these efforts may enable the reaching of a classically elusive standard of care for these techniques.
Radiocarpal Contact Pressures Are Not Altered after Scapholunate Ligament Tears
Authors: Huddleston Hailey P. , Kurtzman Joey S. , Levy Kenneth H. , Connors Katherine M. , Hayes Westley T. , Koehler Steven M.
Published: July 2021

Background The scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) couples the scaphoid and lunate, preventing motion and instability. Prior studies suggest that damage to the SLIL may significantly alter contact pressures of the radiocarpal joint.

Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to investigate the contact pressure and contact area in the scaphoid and lunate fossae of the radius prior to and after sectioning the SLIL.

Methods Ten cadaveric forearms were dissected distal to 1-cm proximal to the radiocarpal joint and a Tekscan sensor was placed in the radiocarpal joint. The potted specimen was mounted and an axial load of 200 N was applied over 60 seconds.

Results Sectioning of the SLIL did neither significantly alter mean contact pressure at the lunate fossa (p = 0.842) nor scaphoid fossa (p = 0.760). Peak pressures were similar between both states at the lunate and scaphoid fossae (p = 0.301–0.959). Contact areas were similar at the lunate fossa (p = 0.508) but trended toward an increase in the SLIL sectioned state in the scaphoid fossa (p = 0.055). No significant differences in the distribution of contact pressure (p = 0.799), peak pressure (p = 0.445), and contact area (p = 0.203) between the scaphoid and lunate fossae after sectioning were observed.

Conclusion Complete sectioning of the SLIL in isolation may not be sufficient to alter the contact pressures of the wrist.

Clinical Relevance Injury to the secondary stabilizers of the SL joint, in addition to complete sectioning of the SLIL, may be needed to induce altered biomechanics and ultimately degenerative changes of the radiocarpal joint.
Access to electricity and digital inclusion: evidence from mobile call detail records
Authors: Houngbonon Georges V. , Le Quentrec Erwan , Rubrichi Stefania
Published: July 2021

Despite significant progress in mobile connectivity, a large number of individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa are at risk of being left behind, especially those living in rural areas and women. In this paper, we use an original data set of mobile call detail records from Senegal and exploit variations across plausibly similar rural municipalities to assess the impact of access to electricity on mobile connectivity. We find that access to mobile connectivity for rural users, measured by mobile telephony subscriptions or smartphone ownership, increases with access to electricity, with a stronger impact for women. The impact on usage is also positive, but stems from the increased volume of incoming communications: rural mobile users with access to electricity do not place more calls than those with limited access; rather, they receive more calls and text messages from urban areas, especially those with higher living standards. These findings suggest that access to electricity can be a significant driver of digital inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Optimized crystalline structure in niobium oxide anodes increases lithium-ion battery performance
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: July 2021

One-step solution combustion method used for introducing extra cations to enhance the cation-disorder effect.
Shark denticles create a unique fluid flow, aiding in vortex and turbulence studies
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: July 2021

Their ridges result in unusual, unsteady flow patterns that include vortex generation and transverse fluid mixing.
Bat-optimized fuzzy controller with fractional order adaptive super-twisting sliding mode control for fuel cell/battery hybrid power system considering fuel cell degradation
Authors: Abbaker AM Omer , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes a bat-optimized fuzzy controller with fractional-order (FO) adaptive supertwisting sliding mode control (ASTSMC) applied to fuel cell/battery hybrid power system for the vehicular application, which can improve the economy and durability of the fuel cell system. The proposed energy management strategy is developed based on the bat-optimized fuzzy controller with fractional-order adaptive supertwisting sliding mode control (bat-fuzzy with FO-ASTSMC). The main objective of the proposed bat-fuzzy with FO-ASTSMC scheme is to provide an optimal output power of the fuel cell system and battery as well as to stabilize the DC bus voltage. The bat optimization algorithm is employed to obtain optimal parameters of fuzzy membership functions with minimization of the equivalent cost function, considering the fuel cell degradation model. Then, FO-ASTSMC control loops are proposed to control the fuel cell and battery currents to follow their given reference values. The stability of the proposed FO-ASTSMC via a closed-loop system is theoretically verified using the Lyapunov theory. The forward simulation model of the fuel cell/battery hybrid power system is established on MATLAB/Simulink, and the highway fuel economy driving cycle (HWFET) and federal test procedure driving cycle (FTP) are used for investigation. The findings show that the proposed bat-fuzzy-FO-ASTSMC provides minimum total hydrogen consumption (0.0613 kg under HWFET, 0.0739 kg under FTP) compared to the particle swarm optimization-Fuzzy-FO-ASTSMC (0.070 97 kg under HWFET, 0.092 37 kg under FTP) and the state machine strategy (0.081 25 kg under HWFET, 0.1094 kg under FTP). The proposed bat-fuzzy-FO-ASTSMC scheme not only minimizes the hydrogen consumption but can also improve the efficiency of fuel cell system. In addition, the proposed FO-ASTSMC scheme was obtained better-tracking performance with less fluctuation compared to the standard supertwisting sliding mode control (STSMC).
A wedge or a weight? The effect of policy on the productive efficiency of the Chinese wind power industry
Authors: Jiang Zihao , Liu Zhiying
Published: July 2021

Promoting wind power is at the top of the government's agenda in China because of the cleanliness and sustainability of this power source. Improving the productive efficiency of the wind power industry (WPI) is crucial to accelerating the transformation of China's energy structure. Yet the question remains whether policies can effectively stimulate the productive efficiency of the WPI. Using microdata from listed Chinese wind power enterprises from 2006 to 2019, we measure the productive efficiency of these enterprises and then assess the effect of policy on this efficiency. The results show that between 2006 and 2019, the Chinese WPI is inefficient. The average productive efficiency of enterprises in eastern China is 0.164, higher than that of enterprises in central and western China (0.129). Moreover, there is a significant negative correlation between economic policy and the productive efficiency of enterprises. Soft policy is positively related to productive efficiency, whereas the effect of regulatory policy is not statistically significant.
Water wave scattering by impermeable and perforated plates
Authors: Liang Hui , Zheng Siming , Shao Yanlin , Chua Kie Hian , Choo Yoo Sang , Greaves Deborah
Published: July 2021

In the field of offshore renewable energy, impermeable plates are used as underwater lenses to amplify the wave amplitude, and perforated plates can harness wave energy as a power takeoff device. Within the framework of the linear potential-flow theory, the water wave scattering by impermeable and perforated horizontal plates is investigated in the present study, and both circular and elliptical plates are considered. The hypersingular integral equation is constructed to model the interaction between water waves and plates of small thickness. For wave scattering by impermeable plates with the focus on wave amplification, wave interference effects due to multiple plates can be utilized to achieve large wave amplification. For perforated plates used for harnessing wave energy, deploying an array of elliptical plates is promising if the deployment line coincides with the major axis and the incident wave propagates along the minor axis. The study gives insight into harnessing energy from water waves by horizontal plates.
Dielectrophoresis-driven jet impingement heat transfers in microgravity conditions
Authors: Jawichian Alex , Davoust Laurent , Siedel Samuel
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the ability of a pair of triangular electrodes to generate the steady dielectrophoresis-driven thermal convection of a dielectric liquid in a differentially heated cavity is investigated in microgravity conditions. A non-uniform electric field is created on purpose, which, together with a temperature gradient, gives rise to an internal convective flow essentially based on the presence of a pair of counter-rotating vortices. A numerical study is developed to investigate the subsequent benefits on heat transfers. The results seem to be in agreement with a background scaling analysis and demonstrate a significant increase in the Nusselt number for increasing voltages, provided that the dielectric liquid of interest is characterized by a moderate-to-large Prandtl number. The triangular electrodes yield a significant heat transfer enhancement when the same voltage is being used, by comparison with planar electrodes. This benefit is essentially due to jet impingement heat transfers that take place within the cavity.
Investigation on the leakage current characteristics of large size GaN diodes
Authors: Yang J. , Zhao D. G. , Liu Z. S. , Chen P. , Liang F.
Published: July 2021

The leakage mechanism of large size GaN p–i–n diodes is studied, and the possible reasons are analyzed. It is found that (i) the leakage current of most diode chips is not proportional to their area, and the leakage problem deteriorates seriously when the size of the device increases; (ii) the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic device decreases with the increasing leakage current of GaN diodes; and (iii) low density nanotubes are detected in larger size GaN diodes, which is one of the important reasons for the large leakage of large size GaN diodes.
Effect of mass ratio on flow-induced vibration of a trapezoidal cylinder at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Wang Shubiao , Cheng Wenming , Du Run , Wang Yupu , Chen Qingrong
Published: July 2021

A numerical study of the effect of the mass ratio (M*) on the flow-induced vibration of a trapezoidal cylinder at low Reynolds numbers (Re = 60–250) is presented. The response characteristics are divided into three classes with varying mass ratios (2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100): (1) class I for low mass ratios (M* = 2), (2) class II for medium mass ratios (5 ≤ M* < 30), and (3) class III for high mass ratios (M* ≥ 30). In class I, for the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) regime, only one peak of maximum amplitude is observed at low Re (∼70). For the galloping regime, a double rise-up for amplitudes is observed, and the mean transverse displacements become positive at higher Re and increase rapidly. In class II, the double rise-up for amplitudes appears at both the VIV and galloping regimes, and the double lock-in is also found for oscillation frequency ratios. In class III, the double rise-up disappears in the VIV and galloping regimes at all considered Re. The onset Re of the galloping regime is much higher (Re > 200), and the peak amplitudes and ranges of lock-in in VIV become much smaller with an increase in M*. Among these three classes, similar distinctions are also observed in the hydrodynamic forces. In terms of X–Y trajectories, three types are found in class I, while there are only two and one in classes II and III, respectively. Wake structures are also investigated for these classes.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Quinn Kevin M.
Published: July 2021

This issue of theJournal of Law and Courtsfeatures articles devoted to measuring the personality traits of US Supreme Court justices. In this brief comment, I attempt to do the following. First, I briefly summarize Hall et al. (2021) and Black et al. (2021). Here I pay special attention to some of the methodological issues that give rise to the disagreement between these authors. Second, I provide some general thoughts on the enterprise of attempting to measure personality traits of US Supreme Court justices. While I am generally skeptical of the utility of such an enterprise, I could be convinced of its value. Accordingly, I attempt to lay out what a skeptic like myself would like to see in order to be convinced of the intellectual value added of work in this area.
How State Judicial Selection Methods May Influence Views of US Supreme Court Nominees
Authors: Krewson Christopher N. , Owens Ryan J.
Published: July 2021

We examine whether state judicial selection methods influence people’s evaluations of US Supreme Court nominees. We find that people from appointing states use nominee characteristics in their evaluations differently than people in electing states. Those from appointing states appear to be more concerned with traditional legal factors, while people from electing states appear to be slightly less concerned with them. Although the importance varies from characteristic to characteristic, state judicial selection system has a broad role in shaping how people evaluate judicial nominees. These findings counsel further research on judicial institutions and the public’s expectations of judges.
A new simplified ordered upwind method for calculating quasi-potential
Authors: Yu Qing , Liu Xianbin
Published: July 2021

We present a new method for calculation of quasi-potential, which is a key concept in the large deviation theory. This method adopts the “ordered” idea in the ordered upwind algorithm and different from the finite difference upwind scheme, the first-order line integral is used as its update rule. With sufficient accuracy, the new simplified method can greatly speed up the computational time. Once the quasi-potential has been computed, the minimum action path (MAP) can also be obtained. Since the MAP is of concernin most stochastic situations, the effectiveness of this new method is checked by analyzing the accuracy of the MAP. Two cases of isotropic diffusion and anisotropic diffusion are considered. It is found that this new method can both effectively compute the MAPs for systems with isotropic diffusion and reduce the computational time. Meanwhile anisotropy will affect the accuracy of the computed MAP.
High power-added-efficiency AlGaN/GaN HEMTs fabricated by atomic level controlled etching
Authors: Zhang Xinchuang , Hou Bin , Jia Fuchun , Lu Hao , Niu Xuerui , Wu Mei , Zhang Meng , Du Jiale , Yang Ling , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue
Published: July 2021

An atomic-level controlled etching (ACE) technology is invstigated for the fabrication of recessed gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with high power added efficiency. We compare the recessed gate HEMTs with conventional etching (CE) based chlorine, Cl2-only ACE and BCl3/Cl2 ACE, respectively. The mixed radicals of BCl3/Cl2 were used as the active reactants in the step of chemical modification. For ensuring precise and controllable etching depth and low etching damage, the kinetic energy of argon ions was accurately controlled. These argon ions were used precisely to remove the chemical modified surface atomic layer. Compared to the HEMTs with CE, the characteristics of devices fabricated by ACE are significantly improved, which benefits from significant reduction of etching damage. For BCl3/Cl2 ACE recessed HEMTs, the load pull test at 17 GHz shows a high power added efficiency (PAE) of 59.8% with an output power density of 1.6 W/mm at V
d = 10 V, and a peak PAE of 44.8% with an output power density of 3.2 W/mm at V
d = 20 V in a continuous-wave mode.
Geoelectrical survey and groundwater chemical analysis in Sumowono Groundwater Basin
Authors: Putranto T T , Susanto N , Pangestuti D R
Published: July 2021

Sumowono groundwater basin is an inter-regency groundwater basin located in Central Java Province. The administrative areas are Semarang Regency, Temanggung Regency, and Kendal Regency. Hilly regions dominate the study area. This study aims to identify the subsurface lithology and analysis of the water type of groundwater samples. The methods were geoelectrical survey using Schlumberger array and physical and chemical of groundwater samples analyses from dug wells and springs. The results of the geoelectrical survey conduct five types of lithology with the resistivity value from 0 to more than 190 Ωm. They are claystone, tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, sandstone, and breccia. The chemical properties of groundwater samples indicate that the pH has a range from 6.4 to 7.27 with electrical conductivity (EC) from 71.6 to 511 µS/cm. Moreover, the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) start from 45.8 to 327 mg/L. The water types are Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3
−Cl-, Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3
--Cl-, Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3
-, Ca2+-HCO3
--Cl-, Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3
--SO4
2-, and Ca2+-HCO3
--SO4
2-.
The complete bouguer anomaly changes in 2019 after explosive eruption of merapi in 2010
Authors: Indriana R D , Nurwidyanto M I
Published: July 2021

Merapi is the most active volcano in Central Java and even in Indonesia. Previous research in 1988,1998,2011 by using the gravity method shows an increasing amount of magmas, which are observed from changes in the dimensions of the magma chamber. The aim of this research is to observed the gravity changes nearby summit area after big eruption in 2010. In this research the summit area was close because of the activity of Merapi. The results of further studies in 2019 showed a large anomaly increase of 2 to 5 mGal in the southeast to the southwest. Gravity data in the peak area has not yet been acquired due to the high activity of Merapi. The subsurface interpretation related to changes in the dimensions of the magma reservoir cannot be done, but it can be expected increasing of mass at the southeast of Merapi towards the peak. The increasing amount of mass cause Merapi eruption in 2020.
Selective mine plan based on coal quality distribution of Batu Ayau formation, Murung Raya-Central Kalimantan
Authors: Qadaryati N , Hapsari R A , Hidajat W K
Published: July 2021

Coal quality, which eventually controlling coal’s behavior during preservation, combustion, and other forms of utilization, are defined by the depositional environment in which the peat was formed. Batu Ayau Formation is a well-known coal-bearing formation of Barito Basin and has been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study, which differs from previous studies, is to figure out the correlation of depositional environment to the coal quality of Batu Ayau Formation and anticipate the less desired coal quality from being mined. The depositional environment is determined through the stratigraphic section compared to Horne model, supported by coal facies determination using Tissue Preservation Index (TPI) vs Gelification Index diagram. Ash and sulphur content (weight %) data from 4 seams are integrated to the lithostratigraphic column. The coal quality distribution is defined from good correlation. The coal-bearing depositional environment of the studied area is transitional – upper delta plain. The ash content is ranging in 5.20-8.64wt% and total sulphur is ranging in 0.34-1.28%. The position of depositional environment that is closer to open marine, which is dipping westward, is preferable in terms of quality. Hence, coal on the center part of the research has preferable coal quality to be mined.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic W-type hexaferrite by mechanical milling route
Authors: Priyono  , Nurhasanah I , Subagio A , Suseno J E , Sutanto H
Published: July 2021

The W-type Barium hexaferrite particle have been successfully synthesized by mechanical milling route. The formation of phase BaFe16Co2O27 through two-stage mechanism which starts with the formation of BaFe19O19. The synthetic result is tested by X-ray Diffraction (Cu(Kα) to determine a structure and formation phase. The magnetic characteristic is tested by permeagraph in saturating field up to 1.5 Tesla. The synthetic result shows that the partial substitution of Fe2+ ions with Co2+ ions influence the change in magnetic properties particularly coercivity. W-hexaferrite has a promising potential in microwave absorption application in the future especially in the range at 8 Ghz to 9,0 GHz.
A study of relative dissociation energy through electro-optics effect as a potential tool for evaluation of cooking oil quality
Authors: Septiani A , Utomo G N , Sumariyah  , Richardina V , Sugito H , Azam M , Soesanto Q M B , Firdausi K S
Published: July 2021

The electro-optics effect is a potential tool to observe and evaluate different oil quality. In this research, we study relative dissociation energy through the electro-optics effect to evaluate vegetable oil quality. Some vegetable cooking oil samples with different quality were placed in an external potential difference between parallel plates to obtain the electro-optical characteristics by measuring the polarization change using red pointer laser (650 nm). The empirical values of dissociation energy was obtained by fitting experimental data of the average polarization changes per unit potential difference with Lenard-Jones potential formula under the assumption that the interaction between molecules is a Vander Waals interaction. The results show that the average change in polarization is proportional to Lenard-Jones potential energy. An important result showed that a good oil quality is indicated by relatively high dissociation energy. Reducing the oil quality leads to increasing relative dissociation energy. This provides electro-optics as a very potential method in differentiating various cooking oil qualities and new perspective of interacting linear polarized light with oil molecules.
Design of overloading detection systems on vehicles using adruino
Authors: Rohim M Z , Wijayanti E , Murti A C
Published: July 2021

Developing countries such as Indonesia are currently continuously conducting development activities in the economic sector. The role of transportation facilities is very important. The reason is that economic movement is not only centered on one particular area but also reaches out and involves other regions. Distribution of goods and services requires safe and convenient transportation and good road infrastructure. In practice, many heavy vehicles carry a very excessive transport load. This is due to the large distribution needs of goods to minimize operational costs. The negative impacts of overloading include the risk of accidents and road damage. This study aims to use a prototype method by utilizing the implementation of a load control system using a proximity sensor run by Arduino Uno. This concept utilizes proximity sensors to regulate transportation loads according to the standards of the Republic of Indonesia and monitor violations in real-time. The results of the study resulted in a prototype capable of detecting overload based on load height and suspension changes for loads.
The acceleration of water absorption time in natural silk fabrics (Bombyx Mori) irradiated with positive and negative corona plasma discharges at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Muhlisin Z , Nugraha M K , Rahmawati I , Arianto F , Umiyati N A K , Triadyaksa P
Published: July 2021

This study aims to examine the acceleration of water absorption time in natural silk fabric irradiated with negative and positive corona plasma discharge generation at atmospheric pressure. The point-to-plane electrode configuration is made by one hundred point electrodes, equally distributed, in a 10 x 10 square plane and a plane electrode made of copper. The positive plasma discharge is generated by connecting the point electrodes to a high voltage power supply. In contrast, the negative plasma discharge is generated by connecting the power supply to the plane electrode. During the plasma discharge irradiation, the dyeing natural silk (Bombyx Mori) samples are placed on the plane electrode with varying irradiation duration and electrode spacing. Identification of irradiation effects on the fabrics was made using water drop test and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Increasing the electrode’s gap improves the stability of the corona discharge by reducing the discharge current. Moreover, longer irradiation time results in faster water absorption due to a significant interaction between the torn fabrics and water, especially at a broader electrode gap. In conclusion, both positive and negative corona plasma discharges irradiation alters water absorption time, with longer irradiation time results in faster water absorption by samples.
Effect of variations in milling speed with high energy milling treatment on surface area of biochar material
Authors: Subagio A , Umiati N A K , Kholil M A , Ratih S D , Purbalisa W , Wahyuni S , Paputri D M W
Published: July 2021

Biochar is a renewable and abundant carbon source and is useful for increasing food security and plant diversity in areas with poor soil conditions, lack of organic matter, lack of water availability and chemical fertilizers. Biochar micro porous structure can be produced from corncob material which inherits the architecture of raw materials. To increase the surface area of the biochar material, high energy milling treatment was carried out in this study by varying the speed of milling in the same milling time. Milling time is carried out at 3 hours with milling speeds varying of 300, 500 and 700 rpm. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analyser (PSA), and surface area analysis - Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (SAA-BET). The test results show that at speed of 300, 500 and 700 rpm it has produced biochar with a particle size of 947,9; 868,5 and 799,2 nm, respectively. While the SAA-BET test has produced a surface area of 10.115; 15.889 and 18.303 m2/g. This study describes an increase of surface area when compared without milling treatment which has a surface area of 7917 m2/g.
Analysis of landslide in Bungkah, Sepakung, Banyubiru using ground shear strain method and shear wave profile from HVSR method
Authors: Yuliyanto G , Nurwidyanto M I
Published: July 2021

In Bungkah, Sepakung, Banyubiru there was a landslide several times Monday to Thursday, 17 to 20 October 2017 which occurred due to the high intensity of rain in the region within 2 consecutive days. The landslide material was able to close the road that became access to local residents’ settlements. Besides that, in Bungkah, there is a resident’s house made of permanent walls that are curved on the wall due to ground movement while the house next to it does not occur. To analyze these phenomena, a single station microtremor method is used, namely the HVSR analysis with amplification values and dominant ground frequency of the curves obtained can be used to determine the peak ground acceleration and seismic vulnerability index which can then be used to analyze ground shear strain value or the ability of the soil layer to stretch and shift when receiving elastic wave propagation. Based on the ground shear strain value, Bungkah has values ranging from 10−3 to 10−1, the phenomenon that will occur is landslides with the dynamic nature of the soil included in the category of soil or rock collapse. Based on the results of frequency and amplitude inversion, the profile of Vs is obtained to the depth that can accurately image the shape of the slip surface from landslide that occurred in October 2017. The sensitivity of Vs to the presence of fluid imaged an accumulation of water below the landslide limit. The mechanism of land movement in the Bungkah hamlet is a rotational slide avalanche type. The movement of the soil which causes the curvature of the walls of one of the permanent houses in Bungkah due to the existence of a vertical soil layer with very low Vs which is directly bordered by massive Vs. The boundary of this layer may be cavity or cavity. The existence of a massive layer in the east of the area makes no continuity of soil movement to the east.