bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oligarchizacja mediów w Czechach na przykładzie koncernu Mafra Andreja Babiša
Authors: Giereło-Klimaszewska Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

The contemporary functioning of the media is inextricably linked with what is happening in the world ofpolitics. The case of the Mafra corporation and the behaviour of its owner Andrej Babiš shows how throughthe interrelations of these two spheres the media can influence the shaping of political decisions, opinionsor preferences in the elections. The penetration of business and political interests, related informal layoutsand dependencies as well as high media instrumentation allow us to claim that today the process ofoligarchisation of the Czech media is highly advanced. This is connected with the increasing concentrationof ownership of media companies and intervention of the owners into the published content, but also withchanges in journalism itself. The media cease to be a “watch dog” controlling the authorities and caringabout the quality of public debate. Instead, they are creating reality, more and more openly, attemptingto manipulate the public, which results in less and less trust on their part and poses a serious threat todemocracy.
Zdolność człowieka do zmiany... Podatność i odporność na zmiany – współczesna recepcja myśli marksowskiej
Authors: Burchert Sara
Published: May 2021

The paper is oriented at analysing the human ability to change in relation to Marx’s thoughts as well as thefollowers of his ideas. The aim is to try to identify the causes and premises that enable or hinder the humanability to take action to change, but also to see its possibilities. Therefore, the issues of identity, current classdivisions and the related awareness of individuals and social groups, sense of subjectivity, but also changesresulting from the development of technology will become important. A major point of the analysis is alsothe issue of the freedom of contemporary humans in post-modern world.
Żywioły antysemityzmu i dialektyka ksenofobii
Authors: Kochan Tymoteusz
Published: May 2021

In this paper, i analyse the components that make up the concept of so-called elements of anti-Semitismas presented by Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer. According to their multi-factorial analysis ofthe sources behind the development of anti-Semitism in the 20th century, we can distinguish four basicdimensions thereof: socio-economic, religious, ideological and ethical-moral. After a brief characterisationof each of the elements of anti-Semitism, i then juxtapose them with the phenomenon of contemporaryIslamophobia in order to attempt to prove that the concept of the authors of the Frankfurt School hasa broader and non-uniform dimension; it can be treated as a philosophical-critical foundation for theoreticalresearch in the field of contemporary xenophobias and its sources.
Uszkolnienie marksizmu. Edukacja a zmiana społeczna
Authors: Ciążela Andrzej
Published: May 2021

One of the constitutive assumptions for Marx and Engels’ thought was to criticise the Enlightenment’s ideaof revolution in school education. This education, which was an elite right in their time, did not become anobject of independent reflection. The workers’ movement identified it with self-education. Intelligence withschooling. The development of schooling pushed towards the transfer of political struggle to the school.Educational policy in countries ruled by authoritarian parties appealing to Marxism and in countries wheremovements appealing to Marxism had an impact on education became a new problem. The current profoundcrisis of these phenomena makes us ask questions about the logic of their development and the reasons forthe current breakdown.
Koszt polskiej płacy minimalnej i propozycja dochodu podstawowego
Authors: Golec Alan
Published: May 2021

The increase of the Polish minimum pay can be considered in different contexts. From the perspective ofvarious industries it is quite cheap. From the perspective of the employees concerned, it turns into a senseof security and greater satisfaction with the payment received. From the perspective of the precariat, theminimum pay is an opportunity to get rid of uncertainty. What is more, the minimum pay is also associatedwith other ideas, such as basic income, maximum pay or unification of the minimum pay across the EuropeanUnion. Appropriate combination and introduction of these ideas may lead to a decrease in the number ofprecariates and to increased satisfaction with the work amongst Poles. These considerations may be thebeginning of a discussion on introducing the basic income.
Wdowie wioski czernihowszczyzny. Sytuacja wiejskich kobiet w Ukrainie
Authors: Doboszewska Alina
Published: May 2021

Problems with access to professional healthcare services have a negative impact on the health of women inUkraine’s rural areas. The pilot program of prevention of civilisational diseases focused on educating ruralwomen in providing first pre-medical aid and promoting a healthy lifestyle. The monitoring conducted withthe use of sociological quantitative methods in 3 villages of the Czernihiv region was supplemented within-depth autobiographical-narrative interviews based on the methodology of oral history. The interviewsand their analysis, which followed Fritz Schütze’s method, were aimed at obtaining a picture of theconditions underlying the everyday lives of rural women, the dominant hierarchy of social relations andtheir conceptual structure. The collected data was used to build a system of social support in the villages.A collective biographical profile of the interviewees emerges from the analysis of the interviews, makingexplicit within the course of their lives the following themes: hunger, childhood and youth, labour, family life,transformation of the political system in the 1990s. On this basis, biographical action schemes are proposed,as well as institutional action patterns, trajectories understood as experiencing the external coercion, andmore positive biographical transitions. The results indicate a decay of the traditional rural community,initiated by the oppressive system of soviet kolkhozs and completed through its transformation in the 1990s.
The issue of the ratio of women and men in central and local government: the European Union and Ukraine
Authors: Dyhal Yaroslav
Published: May 2021

Gender mainstreaming is an integral part of the process of building a democratic society, including in thepolitical sphere. In order to draw conclusions about gender equality in the political sphere, it is necessaryto constantly investigate the current situation. An indicator of gender equality in the political sphere is therepresentation of women and men in the governmental institutions. Therefore, there is a need to analyse thegender structure of central and local authorities in the European Union.The aim of the paper is to analyse the representation of women and men in elected authorities andgovernments of the European Union and Ukraine. The author explored the participation of men and womenin the European Parliament, national parliaments of European countries, national governmental authorities,regional and local parliaments of the EU and Ukraine.The gender structures of different authorities were compared. The countries with gender equality in thepolitical sphere and the countries with the largest imbalances were identified.The author analysed the factors that contributed to the establishment of equality in countries with indicatorsas close as possible to gender balance (Scandinavian countries). Among such factors the most interesting are:emancipation of women; high level of social development; institutional factors and legislation as incentives.A comparison of the gender structures of the central executive and legislative bodies and local councils ofUkraine and Poland was made.
Profesorki w sejmach PRL... Przyczynek do badań subiektywnego poczucia sprawczości
Authors: Chrobaczyńska-Plucińska Edyta
Published: May 2021

The aim of this paper is to point to the aspect of subjective sense of personal causative power amongstfemale professors who held their seats during the People’s Republic of Poland. In her research, the authorseeks an answer to the question whether the female deputies distinguished by their double role had a senseof subjective causative power, analysing their personal reflection expressed on the subject in availablesources. The research in a broader aspect contributes to the question whether women, especially thosewith a high professional and social status, playing political roles in the Real Socialist system had a real impacton changing the existing reality and whether their activity translated into specific normative decisions orsolutions of a permanent nature.
Brytyjska Izba Lordów na przełomie XIX i XX wieku... Ewolucja pozycji w systemie politycznym
Authors: Jaeschke Andrzej
Published: May 2021

The paper concerns the evolution of the political position of the House of Lords until the end of the 19thcentury. The author presents the time of stabilisation of the relations of the two parliamentary chambers andidentifies its causes. He also discusses the increasing disruption of relations between the two chambers ofthe British Parliament following from electoral reforms and, consequently, the decomposition of the hithertounified conservative political environment and the emergence of liberal forces. This resulted in increasinglystrong ideological and political rivalry between the conservative House of Lords and the largely liberal Houseof Commons.
Morphological characterization and nutrient assessment of wild pepper, Piper umbellatum L. (Piperaceae) grown in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Saupi Noorasmah , Lepun Philip , Alan Ribka , Zakaria Muta Harah , Saidin Ainul Asyira , Yusli Nurul Aisyah
Published: May 2021

Wild pepper, Piper umbellatum L. is traditionally consumed as a leafy vegetable by the indigenous Kenyah tribesmen of Belaga, Sarawak, Malaysia. The shoots are normally harvested from secondary forest floors. The present study was carried out to determine the morphological and nutritional characteristics of P. umbellatum, i.e., proximate, mineral, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), vitamin C, and anti-nutrients, i.e., oxalate and phytate. The results showed that P. umbellatum possesses an ovate, alternate, entire and non-glandular trichome on its leaf surface. The inflorescence comprises an oblongoid spike attached to a peduncle and the ripened berries were orange and red in color. The results also revealed that the leaves of P. umbellatum had a high moisture content (63.27%), other recorded nutrient values were ash (8.62%), crude fiber (19.32%), K (1280.20 mg/100 g), Ca (570.60 mg/100 g), Mg (323.80 mg/100 g) and P (291.14 mg/100 g), TPC (510.63 mg/100 g), TFC (377.82 mg/100 g) and phytate (411.67 mg/100 g). Thus the consumption of the P. umbellatum as a leafy vegetable supplies a good dose of various essential nutrients.
Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and biological activity of synthesized Silver and Rajat Bhasma nanoparticles using Clerodendrum inerme
Authors: Kar Pallab , Banerjee Swarnendra , Chhetri Avhijit , Sen Arnab
Published: May 2021

Bhasmais Metallo-medicine and made from metals and minerals. Rajatbhasma or Silver Bhasma belongs to a group of nanoparticles that have medicinal values and are used in Ayurveda as Drugs against various ailments. Clerodendrum inermea traditionally well-accepted plant is used extensivelyin ayurvedic therapeutic formulations, but till date no major steps have been carried out to validate the scientific relevance of synthesized nanoparticles from Rajatbhasma using C. inerme. Therefore, in the present study biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, FESEM and EDX analysis whereas, a comparative study has also been made to check the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of synthesized silver and rajatbhasma nanoparticle. The SEM and FESEM analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles are well shaped and the average particle size ranges between 30–90 nm and 10-50 nm respectively. In the case of EDX analysis, the highest peak at ~3Kev in the case of synthesized silver and rajatbhasma nanoparticle supports the formation of silver nanoparticles. Subsequently, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the synthesized nanoparticles showed excellent results when compared to the standard. The obtained results may provide support in the field of therapeutics and drug delivery and might prove beneficial as a novel drug candidate against bacterial infection in the future.
MODERASI SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN PEMERINTAH PADA PENGARUH SAKD, SIMDA, DAN KOMPETENSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH
Authors: Anggi . , Basri Yesi Mutia , Rofika .
Published: May 2021

This study aims to examine influence of the application of the Regional Financial Accounting System, the Regional Information Management System and the Competency of Human Resources on the Effectiveness of Regional Financial Management with the Internal Control System of the Government as the Varıabel Moderatıng.  The population in this reserach are all employees who work at OPD Siak Regency, selected using purposive sampling technique. 92 respondents participated in this study . Data analysis techniques used in this study are multiple regression and moderate regression analysis (MRA).. The results of this study conclude: The application of regional financial accounting systems, regional financial management information systems, human resource competence affects the effectiveness of regional financial management. And the Government Internal Control System (SPIP) can moderate the implementation of regional financial accounting systems, regional financial management information systems and not for the competence of human resources on the effectiveness of regional financial management.
PENGARUH PENGUNGKAPAN CSR DAN TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR INDUSTRI SUB SEKTOR TEKSTIL DAN GARMEN
Authors: Nurfauziah Farah Latifah , Utami Citra Kharisma
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Good Corporate Governance on Firm Value in Various Industries Sector, Textile and Garment Sub-Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2019 Period. This research method uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The source of this research uses secondary data sourced from the annual report of various sector companies in the textile and garment sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample of this study were 9 companies using purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that partially the Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure has a significant effect on Firm Value. Meanwhile, Good Corporate Governance with indicators (Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, Independent Ownership and Audit Committee) Managerial Ownership and Audit Committee have a significant effect on Firm Value, while Institutinal Ownership and Independent Comissioner don’t have a significant effect on Firm Value.
PERAN BOOK TAX DIFFERENCES MEMODERASI PENGARUH ARUS KAS AKRUAL DAN ARUS KAS OPERASI TERHADAP EARNINGS PERSISTENCE
Authors: Pratiwi Adhitya Putri , Sahara Lia Ira
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran Book Tax Difference dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Arus Kas Akrual dan Arus Kas Operasi Terhadap Earnings Persistence. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dan melanjutkan penelitian sebelumnya mengenai peran Book Tax Difference dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Arus Kas Akrual dan Arus Kas Operasi Terhadap Earnings Persistence.

Sample pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan memperoleh laba selama periode 2014-2018. Sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sample yang memnuhi kriteria sebanyak 11 perusahaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji regresi data panel dan analisis regresi moderasi. 

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arus kas akrual dan arus kas operasi berpengaruh terhadap earnings persistence, sedangkan book tax difference tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh arus kas akrual dan arus kas operasi terhadap earnings persistence.
Dış Ticaret Yoğunluk Analizi: Türkiye ve Seçilmiş Ülkeler Analizi
Authors: ERGÜN TATAR Havanur
Published: May 2021

Ekonomik büyümeye şekil vermesi açısından ticaret, büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ülkeler arası etkileşimin her geçen gün arttığı dünyada, ülkelerin kendi sınırlarının ötesine geçmesi zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bu noktada, pazar potansiyelinin tespiti açısından ticaret yoğunluğu, önemli kavram haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 2010-2019 dönemi için ticaret yoğunluğu endeksi, ihracat ve ithalat yoğunluğu endeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Nüfusunun çoğunluğu Müslüman olan seçilmiş ülkeler olarak Pakistan, Mısır, Fas, Ürdün ve Tunus incelenmiştir. Endeks hesaplamaları sonucunda, Türkiye ile en yoğun ihracat ve ithalat ilişkisi olan ülkenin, Mısır olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte Mısır, Fas, Ürdün ve Tunus da ihracat yoğunluğu endeks değerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Pakistan da ise, ihracat açısından beklenenden daha az ticaret akışının olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Eski ve Yeni Kurumsal Ekole Heterodoks Bir Bakış
Authors: TURGUT Ecem , SARIÖZ GÖKTEN Yeliz , UÇAN Okyay
Published: May 2021

İktisadi düşünce tarihi içerisinde birçok ekol varlık göstermiş ve metodolojik olarak birbirlerinden farklı özellikler sergilemişlerdir. Bazı ekoller, fen bilimlerinde olduğu gibi yer ve zaman koşulu gözetmeden her şartta geçerli olacak genel geçer kanunların ve kuralların ekonominin bilimin temeli olacağını ileri sürmüşler ve matematiği de analizlerinin temeline yerleştirerek amaç haline getirmişlerdir. Bu ekoller ortodoks iktisat akımı bünyesinde değerlendirilmişlerdir. Bazı ekoller ise, ekonominin sosyal bir bilim olduğunu, karşılaşılan sorunların toplumsal karakter taşıdığını dolayısıyla toplumdan bağımsız düşünülemeyeceğini savunmuştur. Buradan hareketle her şartta ve her zaman diliminde geçerli olacak bir genel geçer kuralların kabul edilemeyeceğini ve matematiğin ekonomi biliminde bir amaç olmaktan ziyade bir araç olarak değerlendirilebileceğini savunmuşlardır. Bu düşünce yapısına sahip ekoller ise heterodoks iktisat akımları olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Heterodoks teori denildiğinde akla ilk gelen ekollerden biri kurumsal iktisattır. Çalışmada kurumsal iktisadın heterodoks mu yoksa ortodoks iktisat akımı içerisinde mi değerlendirilmesi gerektiğine yönelik tartışmalar yürütülecektir. Kurumsal iktisat, iktisadi düşüncenin gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Kurumsal iktisat, neoklasik iktisadın rasyonel insan, denge, tümdengelim ve soyutlamalara dayalı analizine alternatif olarak iktisadi sistemde kurumların önemine vurgu yapmıştır. Çalışmada Yeni Kurumsalcıların heterodoks iktisat bünyesinde değerlendirilmesi düşüncesine şüphe ile yaklaşılırken, genel olarak Eski Kurumsal iktisadın neoklasik iktisat öğretisine karşı çıkmalarının etkisiyle heterodoks iktisat akımı kapsamında olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.
Endogenous Money Supply: Turkish Economy (2011-2018)
Authors: BAŞTAV Leyla
Published: May 2021

There are basicly two views answering the question of how money is created: according to the exogenous money hypothesis of economic theory central banks have full control over the money stock in the markets and other policy instruments; whereas endogenous money theory postulates money is created by credit demand of economic actors . Demand for credits in turn arises from the production process, triggered by changes in production costs, basicly from a rise in nominal wages. This paper aims to analyze whether money supply creation is endogenous in the Turkish money markets during the period 2011-2018 by use of monthly data, for which cointegration between money supply (money base, M1, M2) and credits is tested by Johansen method and VECM is estimated for specifying direction of causality between the variables. Further, Toda Yamamoto test is applied to check robustness of the results obtained from VECM long and short run causality. Results point at relation from credits to money supply; i.e. money is endogenous and demand determined, also that credits extended by banks form basis of the money supply.

İktisadi teoride paranın nasıl yaratıldığı sorusuna iki farklı cevap bulunmaktadır: dışsal para hipotezine göre merkez bankalarının para stoku ve diğer para politikası araçları üzerinde tam kontrolü bulunmaktayken; içsel para teorisine göre para ekonomik aktörlerin kredi talebi üzerine yaratılmaktadır. İçsel para teorisine göre para talebi firma üretim süreçlerinden ortaya çıkmakta, üretim maliyetlerindeki artış ve daha çok da nominal ücretlerdeki artıştan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada aylık veri kullanılarak 2011-2018 arasındaki dönemde para arzının içselliği araştırılmakta; para arzı M1, M2 ile krediler arasında Johansen koentegrasyon ilişkisi olup olmadığı sınanarak, VECM analizi ile değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik sorgulanmaktadır. Buna ilave olarak VECM kısa ve uzun dönem nedensellik testi sonuçlarının güçlü olup olmadığı Toda Yamamoto testiyle sınanmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara gore nedensellik kredilerden para arzına doğrudur; para arzı içsel olup talep tarafından belirlenmekte, banka kredileri para arzının temelini oluşturmaktadır.
Analysis of Determinants of House Prices Using Hedonic Price Model: The Case of TR 71 Region
Authors: İĞDELİ Arif
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research is to analyze the determinants of house prices in the TR71 region by hedonic model. Least squares estimator is used in the analysis of hedonic house price model, which is built on a semi-logarithmic form. According to analysis findings, house size, room number, floor number of the house, floor number of the building and bathroom number affect the house prices positively, while the age of building affects house prices negatively. In addition, the analysis findings point out that the house of the house from the real estate agent instead of the owner has a negative effect on the house prices. Moreover analysis findings, show the fact that the house is located in Aksaray, Kırşehir and Nevşehir instead of Niğde have a positive effect on house prices. Also analysis findings reveal that spatial factors have more pronounced effects on the house prices than the physical properties of the house. A significant effect of the combi boiler, heater, stove and floor heating system on house prices is not detected in the analysis findings. Finally, the analysis findings indicate that the fact that the house is located within site does not have a significant effect on house prices.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Precious Metals and Stock Markets: Application on Borsa Istanbul Commercial Sectors
Authors: UYSAL Mustafa
Published: May 2021

The relationship between different commercial sectors’ stocks and precious metals is vital in terms of diversification in portfolio investments. For this purpose, in this study, it is aimed to investigate the long-term association between stock markets belonging to commercial sectors and precious metals. One hundred nine monthly data related to the variables discussed between January 2011 and January 2020 were used. Before the cointegration analysis, the stationarities of the series were determined with Carrion-i Silvestre (2009) (CS) unit root test, which allowed up to five structural breaks. Maki (2012) cointegration analysis was applied to the series, which is the first aware stationary, with five structural breaks. Finally, the causal relationship among variables was investigated with Hatemi-J (2012) Asymmetric causality test. According to the results obtained, the stock markets were analyzed, and the prices of gold and silver were co-integrated. Besides, a bilateral causality has been reached between gold and silver prices, other than the stock market of the banking sector, and from the silver prices to the banking stock market.
The Free Trade Doctrine of the Classical Economists: No Unconditional Subscription to Trade Liberalisation
Authors: KURZ Heinz
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses the views of the British classical economists David Hume, Adam Smith and David Ricardo on international trade and trade liberalisation. While they were in favour of free trade, they did not unconditionally subscribers to the free trade doctrine, but tied it to the condition of free competition. As Adam Smith insisted with regard to the East India Company, a trading monopoly, trade was "ruinous and destructive" to India and several other countries. The German economist Friedrich List insisted that free trade cannot generally be the starting point of economic relationships amongst nations, but only the terminal point, after the nations involved had developed their productive powers and competitiveness.
Rusya İçin Gazprom’un Yerinin ve Öneminin Ekonomi-Politiği
Authors: YILDIRIM-ŞAHİN Emek
Published: May 2021

Enerji, insanlık tarihi boyunca insan yaşamı için hep önemli bir olgu olagelmiştir. Tarihte çeşitli dönemlerde çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılan çeşitli kaynaklardan elde edilen enerjiye olan ihtiyaç ise hep baki kalmıştır. Bu anlamda, enerji ihtiyacının maksimize olduğu moment ise sanayi devrimi ve sonrasında gün be gün gelişen ve tüm dünya sathına yayılan kapitalizmin ortaya çıkış sürecidir. Kapitalizmin özünü oluşturan meta zincirinin tamamlanması için elzem olan enerjiye duyulan gereksinim böylece basitçe gündelik yaşam ihtiyacından çıkıp tümden sistemin temel gereksinimlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Günümüzde enerji kaynaklarına sahip olmak ise hem ulusal bazda hem de uluslararası bazda ekonomik ve siyasal anlamda önemli bir güce sahip olma anlamına da gelmektedir. Dünya üzerinde bu güce sahip olan ve çeşitli mecralarda bu gücün ekonomik ve politik veçhelerini dinamik bir biçimde kullanan ülkelerin başında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Rusya Federasyonu gelmektedir. Bu iki ana ülkenin enerji üzerinden kurdukları işbirlikleri aynı zamanda ekonomik ve siyasal ittifakların da anahtarını vermektedir. Rusya’nın, Sovyetler Birliği’nden kalan ağır sanayi altyapısının yanısıra zengin yeraltı kaynaklarından elde ettiği bu gücü hem ulusal hem de uluslararası bağlamda aldığı her kararın, attığı her adımın dâhilinde görmek mümkündür. Bu hususta, Vladimir Putin’in başkanlık koltuğuna oturduğu 2000 yılı ve sonrasında özellikle enerji sektörü gözetilerek yapılan devletleştirme politikaları sonucunda bir devlet şirketi haline gelen ve her geçen gün dâhilinde barındırdığı sektörleri ve şirketleri arttırarak dünyanın önde gelen şirketlerinden birisi Gazprom’dur ve hem Rus coğrafyasındaki hem eski Sovyet coğrafyadaki hem de Avrupa ve Uzakdoğu coğrafyalarındaki hem de dünyanın geri kalanındaki etki alanı ekonomik olduğu kadar siyasal kararları ve müdahaleleri de içermektedir. Bu çalışma ile, Gazprom’un bu nitelikleri üzerinden Rusya için ulusal ve uluslararası bağlamda yeri ve öneminin ekonomik ve politik veçheleri irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu nedenle, ilk önce SSCB ve Boris Yeltsin dönemleri üzerinden bir tarihsel incelemeye gidilecek, ardından da ulusal ve uluslararası bazda Gazprom’un öneminin ekonomi-politik bir analizi yapılmaya çalışılacaktır.
Modeling the Number of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases and Deaths in Puerto Rico: One-year Experience
Authors:   Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, EL Suarez , JC Reyes ,   Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, CM Perez ,   Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, H Mattei ,   Department of Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, A Lopez-Cepero ,   Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Published: May 2021

Aims: To describe and project the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths reported in Puerto Rico, according to age and sex. Methods: We used surveillance data from March 8, 2020 to March 13, 2021 to describe and predict, by age and sex, the number of cases and deaths in Puerto Rico using Generalized Additive Models. The statistical modeling was performed in R software using the mgcv package. Results: The analytic sample consisted of 95,208 confirmed cases and 2,080 deaths reported by the Puerto Rico Department of Health until the second week of March 2021. The risk of COVID-19 infection was highest among adults aged 20-59 years, as compared with those younger than 20 years (RR20-39 vs. <20: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.80-3.06] and (RR20-59 vs. <20: 2.30 [95% CI: 1.76-3.00]). However, the pattern in the risk of death showed an inverse relationship: the highest risk of death occurred in adults 60 years and over as compared with those younger than 60 years (RR≥80 vs. <60: 22.4 [95% CI: 18.9-26.5] and (RR60-79 vs. <60: 6.7 [95% CI: 5.6-7.9]). Although there were no significant differences in the risk of infection (p>0.1) by sex, males had a 70% (95% CI: 50-100%) greater risk of death than their female counterparts. The projected weekly number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 showed a downward trend; we expected approximately 510 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the week ending March 27, 2021. Similarly, the projected weekly number of COVID-19 deaths showed a downward trend. Conclusion: Future studies are needed to understand age and sex differences in COVID-19 infections and deaths. Increments in the number of COVID-19 cases in the short term are of great concern to justify more substantial preventive restrictions.
The Expression and Biological Function of DKK1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors:   Department of Stomatology, The People’s Hospital of Dongying, Shandong, China, Yu Huijie , Li Tianhua ,   Department of Stomatology, The People’s Hospital of Dongying, Shandong, China, Mao Xuemei ,   Department of Stomatology, The People’s Hospital of Dongying, Shandong, China
Published: May 2021

Objective: To clear the expression of transcription factor Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) using the method of bioinformatics analysis. And to clarify the relationship between the expression of DKK1 and the clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC using the method of molecular biology and cytobiology, in order to determine the early diagnosis and significance of OSCC according to the marker of DKK1. Methods: In this study, the expression level of DKK1 in OSCC tissues was analyzed using GEPIA and TCGA databases, and then verified in vitro by qRTPCR and Western-blot analysis. The correlation between DKK1 gene expression and the clinical pathological parameters of OSCC, and also the impact of DKK1 on prognosis were determined using the LinkedOmics database. In addition, DKK1 was knocked down by RNA interference in SCC-4 and SCC-25 OSCC cell lines and the proliferation ability of OSCC cells was assessed by MTT assay. Results: High expression of DKK1 in OSCC is positively correlated with the pathological grade and T stage of OSCC. According to the TCGA results, DKK1 mRNA was highly expressed and it is related to the overall survival rate of OSCC. In addition, the expression level of both DKK1mRNA and protein were significantly raised in the cell line SCC-25 and SCC-4. Furthermore, MTT analysis showed that DKK1 knockdown resulted in reduced proliferation of OSCC cells. Conclusions: TCGA database analysis showed that DKK1 was highly expressed in OSCC, and it is closely correlated to the pathological parameters of OSCC, which will provide important theoretical guidance for the subsequent study of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Tension Pneumothorax due to Colon Perforation in Delay Post Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia: Case Report
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Imam Hossein Hospital, Iran, M Samsami , H Tahmasbi ,   Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Imam Hossein Hospital, Iran, P Nikraftar ,   Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Imam Hossein Hospital, Iran, JZ Bagherpour ,   Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Imam Hossein Hospital, Iran
Published: May 2021

Diaphragmatic injuries were described first by Sennertus in 1541. Rupture of the diaphragm due to blunt trauma is a rare event that is usually not detected in the acute phase of trauma and may manifest itself late and with dangerous complications. The common side effects of this injury include displacement of the abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity, which can cause respiratory problems due to limited lungs. Abdominal organs such as stomach, omentum, intestines, spleen, and liver are the most common to herniate in to the thoracic cavity .In late presentation, the key point is to identify the patient’s strong clinical suspicion and history. CT scan is the most common modality in diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia. In this article, we introduce a unique case of diaphragmatic hernia after trauma due to falling from a height of 2 years ago, which showed itself with a tension pneumothorax in its management.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome from Ewing Sarcoma
Authors:   Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, United States, MH Oakes , LE Davis ,   Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, United States, CW Ryan ,   Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, United States
Published: May 2021

Background: Paraneoplastic syndromes have been associated with certain malignancies, classically with small cell lung cancer. However, there have been case reports of solid tumors that have been associated with paraneoplastic syndromes as well. This is believed to be the first case that details a young man with Ewing sarcoma who developed Guillain-Barre Syndrome in the form of a paraneoplastic syndrome. Case Presentation: A 23-year-old man with localized Ewing sarcoma presented to the hospital with weakness. He was initially treated with interval compressed chemotherapy and radiation, but developed recurrence and underwent hemipelvectomy. He had chronic numbness of his extremities from vincristine that felt acutely worsened over several days prior to admission. Additionally, he was now having difficulty grasping objects and walking. His exam was notable for mildly decreased strength in his lower extremities but preserved in his upper extremities along with intact extraocular movements. The following morning he was unable to move and lost all sensation in his left lower extremity along with new dysphagia. Urgent work-up revealed a normal MRI brain, MRI spine with enhancement of cauda equina nerve roots around the conus, and a lumbar puncture with cytoalbuminologic dissociation. Ultimately was diagnosed with presumed Guillain-Barre Syndrome and treated with IVIG. Conclusion: Guillain-Barre is a rare but serious syndrome that needs to be recognized quickly given its high mortality and morbidity rate and necessity of quick intervention. It is imperative for clinicians to maintain a high degree of clinical suspicion as a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome from malignancies.
Real-World Outcomes of Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients Treated with Pazopanib
Authors:   Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada, A Fawaz , I Shim ,   Cancer Control, Alberta Heath Services, Canada, D Tilley ,   Cancer Control, Alberta Heath Services, Canada, MR Kelaney ,   Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt, OMA Abdelsalam ,   Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, H Karachiwala ,   Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Published: May 2021

Background: Pazopanib is an oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is currently approved for the treatment of select subtypes of advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) in patients who have progressed on prior anthracyclinebased chemotherapy regimens. In this study, we examine data from multiple centers to assess the efficacy of pazopanib in practice outside of a clinical trial setting. Methods: A retrospective chart analysis was conducted for pre-treated, advanced soft tissue sarcoma patients who began treatment with pazopanib in Alberta, Canada and Cairo, Egypt (2012-2018). Results: In total, 39 predominantly male (56.4%) patients received pazopanib. The median age was 51, 67% of whom had an ECOG of one or less. The predominant sarcoma subtype was leiomyosarcoma (30.8%), and all patients had received at least one prior line of systemic therapy. Thirtytwo of the 39 patients (82%) were initially given the full dose of 800mg with a median time on treatment of 116 days. Seven of the 39 (18%) patients required a dose reduction while on treatment. A majority (94.9%) of patients ultimately discontinued pazopanib treatment for reasons including death (21.6%), disease progression (62.2%), and toxicity (16.4%). The median progression-free and overall survival for these patients was 4.1 months (95%CI, 3.6-4.5) and 8.4 months (95% CI, 4.3-12.5), respectively. Conclusion: Pazopanib is an efficient and generally well-tolerated oral systemic therapy for the treatment of advanced, pre-treated, non-adipocytic soft tissue sarcoma. These results show the efficacy of pazoponib outside of a clinical trial setting.
Evaluation of COVID-19 Patients in The Pediatric Critical Care Unit
Authors: DURAK Cansu , AYGÜN Fatih , AYGÜN Deniz , KILINÇ Ayse Ayzıt , ÖNAL Pınar
Published: May 2021

Objective: Few cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been reported in children compared with the total number of cases in the general population. No pediatric studies (or cases) have evaluated extracorporeal techniques in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In this article, we aimed to describe the clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of four children with COVID‐19 who were treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
Materials and Methods: The children with COVID 19 pneumonia admitted to the PICUs from March 23, and May 6, 2020 were collected. Demographic data and reason for hospitalization were recorded. Vital and laboratory findings were examined in children with extracorporeal treatments.
Results: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation, antiviral and antibacterial therapy, supportive antioxidant treatments were administered for 11 children. Respiratory failure and vital signs were more serious in four patients than in other patients. Therefore, we performed extracorporeal support treatments, TPE and CRRT. The patients showed a rapid clinical response to these treatments.
Conclusion: TPE and CRRT can use for severe COVID-19 infection receiving other supportive and medical treatments in children.
Adölesanlara Verilen Hijyen Eğitiminin Kişisel Hijyen Bilgi Düzeyine Etkisi: Bir Müdahale Çalışması
Authors: BAŞKAYA Yasemin , KARAKUŞ TURAN Elif , ÖZDEMİR Kevser , ÜNSAL Alaettin
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, adölesanlara verilen hijyen eğitiminin, kişisel hijyen bilgi düzeylerine etkisinin belirlenmesidir.
Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışma eğitsel-müdahale tipi bir araştırmadır. Araştırmada örneklem seçimine gidilmemiş, çalışmanın örneklemini anket sorularını yanıtlayan 326 adölesan kız öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın verileri “Tanılama Formu”, “Kişisel Hijyen Bilgi Formu” ve “Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veri toplama işlemi iki aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk aşamada araştırmaya katılan adölesanlara veri toplama formları uygulandıktan sonra, kişisel hijyen eğitimi verilmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise eğitimden 4 ay sonra adölesanların kişisel hijyen bilgi düzeyleri tekrar ölçülmüştür.
Bulgular: Adölesanların yaş ortalaması 15,99±1,15’dir. Çalışmada herhangi bir kronik hastalık öyküsü olanların, düzenli fiziksel egzersiz yapmayanların ve sağlığını kötü olarak değerlendiren adölesanların kişisel hijyen bilgi düzeyinin düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Kişisel hijyen konusuyla ilgili verilen eğitimin adölesanların kişisel hijyen bilgi düzeylerini anlamlı bir şekilde artırdığı saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Adölesanlara verilen hijyen eğitiminin, kişisel hijyen bilgi düzeylerinin arttırılmasında etkili olmuştur.
Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminde Ebelik Bölümü Akademisyenlerinin Araştırma Sürecinde Yaşadıkları Sorunlar
Authors: ERKAL AKSOY Yasemin , YILMAZ Sema
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı Covid-19 pandemi döneminde ebelik bölümü akademisyenlerinin araştırma sürecinde yaşadıkları sorunların belirlenmesidir.
Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma tanımlayıcı türdedir. Araştırmaya Yüksek Öğretim Kurumlarında çalışan 153 ebelik bölümü akademisyeni katılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri 07.11.2020-01.12.2020 tarihleri arasında online olarak toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak tanımlayıcı bilgileri ve akademisyenlerin Covid-19 pandemi döneminde araştırma sürecinde yaşadıkları sorunlarla ilgili 23 sorudan oluşan “Veri Toplama Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve ki-kare analizleri yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan akademisyenlerin yaş ortalaması 34,96±6,89, akademik çalışma yıl ortalaması ise 7,79±6.19 olarak belirlenmiştir. Covid-19 pandemi döneminde akademisyenlerin %89,5’inin araştırma sürecinde sorun yaşadığı belirlenmiştir. Akademisyenler, sırasıyla en çok makale araştırması (%43,1) ve tez araştırmasında (%26,2) zorluk yaşamışlardır.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda akademisyenlerin araştırma planlama, yürütme, vs. gibi süreçlerde zorluk yaşadığı hatta araştırma sürecinin durduğu görülmektedir.
Klinik Deneyim Yaşayan Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ALTAN SARIKAYA Nihan , TAŞ Çisem , AKGÜN Nisa
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Hemşirelik bölümü öğrencileri üniversite eğitimleri sırasında sosyal, kişisel, maddi sorunlar yaşamakla beraber akademik ve klinik deneyimleri sırasında da çeşitli duygusal zorluklar yaşamaktadırlar. Araştırmanın amacı klinik deneyim yaşayan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin duygusal zorlanmalarının nedenleri ve duygu düzenleme güçlüklerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir.
Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma bir devlet üniversitesinin hemşirelik bölümünün 2. 3. ve 4. sınıfında okuyan 342 öğrencisi ile tanımlayıcı tipte yürütülmüştür.
Bulgular: Klinik deneyim sırasında öğrencilerin en fazla profesyonel hemşirelik becerisi eksikliğine dayalı yetersizlik hissi yaşadıklarında ve meslek grupları arasında profesyonel olmayan davranışları gözlemlemediklerinde duygusal zorlanma yaşadıkları saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin fiziksel hastalık, ruhsal hastalık, psikolojik yardım alma, yaşamında önemli bir olayla karşılaşma durumları ve ailenin yaklaşımı ile Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Öğrencilerin duygusal zorlanmalar yaşadıkları ve cinsiyet, fiziksel hastalık, ruhsal hastalık, psikolojik yardım alma, yaşamında önemli bir olayla karşılaşma durumları ve ailenin yaklaşımı gibi değişkenlerden etkilendiği belirlenmiştir.
Gebelik Esnasında Yapılan Cinsel Aktivitenin Doğum Eyleminin Başlamasına ve Doğum Komplikasyonlarına Etkisi
Authors: TEKELİ TAŞKÖMÜR Aysun , ERTEN Özlem
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Instead of using medical drugs or methods to start labor, it was aimed to investigate the effect of sexual activity on the onset of labor as a natural method.
Materials and Methods: All pregnancies over 30 weeks that started active delivery were included in the study. Those who had no sexual activity in the last 12 weeks of pregnancy constituted the control group and pregnant women whose sexual activity continued until the last week constituted the study group. In addition to the demographic features of both groups, the birth week of the pregnant women, whether there was premature birth or postmaturity, induction use during labor, the time of the most recent sexual activity, and the frequency were questioned. A total of 800 patients were included in the study.
Results: Although the rate of cesarean and preterm labor was lower and the number of postmaturity deliveries was higher in the control group, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, it was observed that the number of inductions performed in the study group was significantly lower (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the study results, continuing sexual activity during pregnancy could decrease the need for labor induction.
Tıp Fakültesi Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Sağlam Çocuk İzlemi Hakkındaki Bilgi Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Meltem , ŞAHİN Mustafa Kürşat
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada son sınıf tıp öğrencilerinin sağlam çocuk izlemi hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi ve eğitim ihtiyaçlarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmaya 01.02.2018 ile 01.09.2019 tarihleri arasında eğitim gören 145 son sınıf tıp öğrencisi katılmıştır. Sistematik örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında anket formu kullanılmıştır. Ankette yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, pediatri stajı alma durumu ve sağlam çocuk izlemi ile ilgili 21 adet bilgi değerlendiren soru bulunmaktadır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya aile hekimliği stajını yapmakta olan 80’i (%55,2) kadın, 65’i (%44,8) erkek olmak üzere toplam 145 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 24,2±1,36 yıl idi. 86’sı (%59,3) pediatri stajını yapmış, 56’sı (%40,7) henüz pediatri stajını yapmamıştı. Bilgi düzeyini ölçmeye yönelik olan 21 sorunun toplam puanı 21 olarak değerlendirildi. Katılımcılar ortalama 7,32±2,63 puan aldı. Cinsiyet, medeni durum ve pediatri stajı yapma ile sağlam çocuk izlemi hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel bir fark saptanmamıştır.
Sonuç: Katılımcılar sağlam çocuk izlemi ile ilgili bilgi sorularının ortalama olarak sadece üçte birini biliyordu ve tam puan alan yoktu. Ayrıca pediatri stajı yapmak ile de ortalama puanlarda bir artış görülmedi. Sağlam çocuk izlemi ile ilgili eğitim ihtiyacının olduğu net olarak ortaya konmuştur.
Acil Serviste Akut Karın Ağrısı Yönetimi: Cerrahi Ya Da Cerrahi Olmayan Karın Ağrıları
Authors: ASLAN Nuray , BAYDİN Ahmet , YÜCEL Murat , YURUMEZ Yusuf , ERCAN Bilge
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada acil servise (AS) karın ağrısı nedeni ile başvuran hastalarda cerrahi (CNKA) ve cerrahi nedenli olmayan karın ağrılarının (CNOKA) karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metod: Bu çalışma prospektif olarak CNKA ve CNOKA olan 200 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, klinik prezantasyonları, laboratuvar analizleri, görüntüleme yöntemleri, konsültasyonlar ve hasta bakım maliyetleri incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışma grubunun ortalama yaşı 50,8±20,1 yıl ve hastaların %52’sinin CNKA’sı olduğu tespit edildi. CNKA olgularda 75 yaş ve üzeri hastaların ilk sırada yer aldığı, fizik muayenede hassasiyet-defans ve rebound birlikteliği ve ortalama 15,27±4,10 bin/UL ile beyaz küre yüksekliği tespit edildi. AS doktorlarınca öykü ve fizik muayene ile değerlendirme sonrasında konulan ön tanıları ve laboratuvar bulguları ile radyolojik görüntüleme yöntemleri sonrasında konulan son tanıların uyum yüzdesinin 71,7 olduğu saptandı. CNKA’lı olgularda, yaşlı hastalarda ve konsültasyon istenenlerde AS kalış süresi ve maliyetin yüksek olduğu saptandı.
Sonuç: AS’lere karın ağrısı ile başvuran hastalarda anamnez ve fizik muayene mutlaka yapılmalı, sürecin hızlandırılması ve maliyetlerin azaltılmasına yönelik olarak özellikle CNKA düşünülen hastalarda ileri görüntüleme yöntemleri erken dönemde istenmelidir. Ancak bu sonucu destekleyecek ilave çalışmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.