bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Cracking of Aluminum Alloy Strain Clamps for 500kV Transmission Line
Authors: Zhou Yu Tong , Zhou Zheng Qiang , Wang Jiong Geng , Luo Hong Jian , Zhang Jie , Hu Jia Yuan
Published: August 2018

It was found that a large number of aluminum alloy strain clamps cracked. Cracking mainly occurred in the drainage plate of strain clamps. Nondestructive testing technologies and physicochemical analysis devices such as optical microscope, spectrograph, SEM and EDS were adopted to analyze the reasons of cracking. The results tell that there are numerous shrinkage cavities and cracks inside the drainage plate of strain clamps. The maximum area fraction of shrinkage cavities is 10.7%, and the maximum size is over 1mm2. A lot of shrinkage cavities and cracks gather together to form big flaws, which seriously reduce the mechanical properties of the drainage plates. After a long period of vibration, cracks gradually develop to the surrounding cavities and connect adjacent cavities. Eventually, cracks develop to the surface of drainage plates.
Study of the Residual Stresses Variation into the Sandwich Structure Subjected to Thermomechanical Loading
Authors: Messaoudi Khalid , Bouafia Farida , Benkhenafou Fethi , Douadji Lyes , Du Wei Wei
Published: August 2018

The assembly of different types of materials like metals and ceramics forms a structure called sandwich structure, which need advanced techniques to joint it together like the thermo compression. However, the rise of residual stress caused by the discontinuity of nature of this type of sandwich material, like incompatibility of the characteristics, which creates a risk of rupture of the structure and limited the using range of these types of materials. In this paper, we study the bonding of ceramic and metal and we will focus on the role played by the ceramic element in the stress state of ceramic/ metal interface and the stresses evaluation by Finite Element when the structure is subjected to thermo-Mechanical loading.
Preparation of NiCr-Sialon-CaF2 Self-Lubricating Die Material and its Friction at High Temperature
Authors: Yang Hao , Chang Ming , Wang Hua Jun , Yao Zhen Рua
Published: August 2018

In this study, high-temperature self-lubricating material system (NiCr-Sialon-CaF2) was proposed and samples were prepared by powder metallurgy molding process under proper parameters. Samples with excellent properties can be obtained in a vacuum sintering environment of 1200° C for 2 hours and the ratio of components were Sialon ceramic-5 %, CaF2-10 % and NiCr-the rest. By XRD and EPMA test, the phase composition and its ingredients were examined. And after the high temperature properties analysis of samples with different ingredients, such as surface morphology and friction factor, the high temperature friction and wear mechanism of this self-lubricating material system was illustrated.
A Simple Approach for Immobilization of Fe-Core/Au-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via Cu(I) Huisgen Cycloaddition: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Nguyen Duy Trinh , Nhan Nguyen Phu Thuong , Hien Tran Thien , Hai Nguyen Dai , Vo Dai Viet N. , Bach Long Giang
Published: August 2018

In this report, we demonstrated a novel efficient a simple strategy route for the preparation of smart hybrid Fe-core/Au-shell magnetic onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) sidewalls via Cu (I)-catalyzed 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition (“click” coupling). The fabrication of gold-coated iron nanoparticles (Fe@AuNPs) is initially achieved by employing a two-step reverse micelle process. A new azide terminated ligand was first synthesized to change Fe@AuNPs by ligand exchange reaction. The Fe@Au NPs decorated MWNTs (MWNTs-Fe@Au) nanohybrids were synthesized by the reaction of an azide-containing Fe@Au NPs with alkyne-functionalized MWNTs via the Cu (I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were used to study the changes in surface functionalities and demonstrate the successful immobilization of Fe@Au on CNT surface. In addition, the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) study revealed that the nanohybrids possess superparamagnetic character which is susceptible to rapid separation under an external magnetic field.
Influence of the Mole Ratio of Salt to Alkali on the Surface Structure of SnO2 Thin Film
Authors: Liu Yue , Xiong Ge , Yang Yan , He Long , Chen Mei Hua , Song Jie Guang , Chen Lin , Guo Song Lin , Qin Yue Ning
Published: August 2018

This work investigated the effects of molar ratio of salt to alkali on the properties of tin oxide nanofilms to provide reference for optimizing its photoelectric conversion efficiency. The tin oxide film grown by hydrothermal method exhibited poor film-forming property. The macroscopic analysis revealed the formation of a thick film. The bonding force to the FTO substrate was poor, its brittle, and easy to fall off. When the molar ratio of salt to alkali was 1:8, the tin oxide film exhibited improved microstructure and large specific surface area, which could benefit electron transport. Moreover, the film showed excellent photoelectric conversion performance. However, mechanical properties, such as adhesion between the tin oxide film and the conductive glass FTO, remain to be improved.
Behaviors of Continuous Cooling Transformation and Microstructure Evolution of a High Strength Weathering Prefabricated Building Steel
Authors: Xin Rui Shan , An Hui Long , Ren Shuai , Yao Ji Tan , Pan Jin
Published: August 2018

Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of a high strength weathering prefabricated building steel was determined using a DIL805L thermal dilatometer by means of the expansion method combined with metallography hardness method. Effect of cooling rate on microstructure and hardness of the steel was also studied. The results show that the austenite transformation products of the steel are ferrite and pearlite when cooling rate is lower than 3°C/s. In the cooling rate range of 3 to 20°C/s, the mixed microstructure of ferrite, pearlite and bainite can be obtained. When cooling rate is higher than 20°C/s but lower than 100°C/s, the microstructure is composed of ferrite, bainite and martensite. When cooling rate is above 100°C/s, ferrite disappeared completely, and transformation products are bainite and martensite.
Influence Factors of Exfoliation Synthesis Exfoliated Graphite from Vietnamese Natural Graphite Flakes Using Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Thinh Pham Van , Trinh Nguyen Duy , Thuong Nguyen Thi , Ho Van Thi Thanh , Quynh Bui Thi Phuong , Bach Long Giang
Published: August 2018

In this study, we prepared the exfoliated graphite (EG) using microwave-assisted exfoliation synthesis exfoliated graphite from the inexpensive natural Vietnamese graphite flakes as the precursors. The exfoliation of graphite was conducted employing intercalation method using H2O2 as oxidizing agent and H2SO4 as intercalating agent. The influent of the precursors (VH2O2/VH2SO4) (1.0/20 – 2.0/20), pH value of EG (1-6), time intercalation (70-120 min), microwave power (180-720 W), and time microwave (10-60 second) in the exfoliation volume of EG was investigated.
Simplified Core-Shell Model of Biochar - Iron Ore Mixture for Calculation of Effective Permittivity and Permeability
Authors: Anzulevich Anton P. , Bychkov Igor V. , Buchelnikov Vasiliy D. , Peng Zhi Wei , Huang Zhu Cheng , Xu Bin , Butko Leonid , Anzulevich Svetlana N. , Moiseev Sergey G.
Published: August 2018

The simplified model of biochar-bearing iron ore with binder was studied. It was considered a mixture of two types of core-shell particles, ‘iron ore – binder’ particles and ‘biochar – binder’ particles. The expressions to calculate complex effective permittivity and permeability was derived by effective medium approximation (EMA). The corresponding dependencies on volume fraction of iron ore in the mixture are provided.
Preliminary Study of Compressive Strength of Concrete Incorporated with Waste Paper Fibres
Authors: Mohd Sani Mohd Syahrul Hisyam , Muftah Fadhluhartini , Osman Ahmad Rasidi
Published: August 2018

Concrete incorporated with waste paper fibres (WPF) was studied to get the initial information of compressive strength before doing further action to solve a critical problem. Problems such as environmental problem, high production cost and concrete distress were solved to minimise the critical problem. The main objective of the preliminary study is to investigate the compressive strength of concrete with WPF at an appropriate percentage. Some review assessments from previous studies, either on industrial fibres or natural fibres with critics, were done to obtain information and upgrade knowledge. The compressive strength and water absorption result were reported for concrete without and with WPF in proportion of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.5%. From the observation and testing, the compressive strength of concrete with WPF was decreased with increase in fibre percentage in the concrete. Besides, the water absorption, which always influence the compressive strength, was increased when the percentage of fibres increased; thus, some recommendations and adjustments are proposed for the next feat to produce waste paper fibre concrete with better compressive strength and greater water absorption, and thus solve the environmental issues and enable waste material to support sustainable materials in construction and building.
The Topology Structure of Cement Stone with the Use of Compounding Additive Based on Amorphous Aluminosilicates
Authors: Loganina Valentina Ivanovna , Zhegera C.V.
Published: August 2018

Proved the possibility of using amorphous aluminosilicate as a modifying agent for the adhesive dry mixes. The presented the technology of preparation of the additive based on amorphous aluminosilicates. Presents data on the influence of additives on the basis of amorphous aluminosilicates change the topological structure of cement stone.
Microstructure Evolution of Copper by Three Roll Planetary Milling
Authors: Zhou Yu Wei , Mao Ze Ning , Liu Ying , Wang Jing Tao
Published: August 2018

The microstructure of commercial pure copper TP2 tube by three roll planetary mill processing was investigated. Due to work hardening and subsequent softing by dynamic recrystallization during milling process,the coarse grain structure of the copper transformed to fine grain structure. The grain refinement is achieved along the axial moving in general; in the reducing zone, the sample has a gradient structure along the radial direction; uniform equiaxed grain with size of ~2 μm could be obtained at the outlet. The initiation of dynamic recrystallization occurred in the three roll planetary mill the reduction engineering strain reach ~30%, where some equiaxed grains replaced the elongated grains because of recrystallization.
Diffusion Behavior and Wear Mechanism of WC/Co Tools when Machining of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Bai Da Shan , Sun Jian Fei , Wang Kai , Chen Wu Yi
Published: August 2018

In this paper, fine-grain WC/Co tools were utilized in dry turning of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The wear modes of the cutting tools at different cutting speeds were analyzed. The diffusion behavior between the cutting tool and the workpiece was studied in detail based on the Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile technology. The diffusion wear mechanism was revealed. The results showed that the diffusion layer formed at the interface between the cutting tool and the adhering material. The diffusion ability of C was the strongest, followed by W, the weakest was Co in all the elements of the cutting tool. The chemical reactions took place close to the adhering material, forming the reaction layer. As a diffusion barrier, it was possible to limit the elements diffusion from the cutting tool to the adhering material, decrease the changes in the cutting tool composition and damages. The diffusion layer, which was weakened by diffusion, was worn off and taken away by the fast flowing chip during the cutting process, causing the diffusion wear characterized by a smooth crater formation on the tool surface.
Effect of Flow Pattern on Energy Consumption and Properties of Copper Powder in the Electrolytic Process
Authors: Xia Wen Tang , Xiang Xiao Yan , Yang Wen Qiang , Yin Jian Guo
Published: August 2018

Because of distinctive properties, such as dendritic structure, high green strength, and low oxygen content, electrolytic copper powder has been widely used in aviation, aerospace, national defense industry and other domains. But at present, energy consumption of the electrolysis process in copper powder production is high, and the current efficiency is only about 90%. Therefore,the decrease in energy consumption of the electrolysis process has become the major bottlenecks in the development of the enterprises. In this paper, a new electrolysis cell with different electrolyte inlet arranged on the cell was manufactured. Then, the effect of flow pattern of electrolyte on the current efficiency, energy consumption and properties of copper powder was investigated. The experimental results showed that the electrolytic process had the higher current efficiency, lower energy consumption and smaller copper powders when the flow rate is 0.5l/min in the paralleled inlet and 1.5 l/min in the traditional inlet. Under the optimal conditions, the current efficiency, energy consumption and copper powder size were 99.10%, 712.90kw∙h/t and 47.80um respectively. This means an obvious rise in current efficiency and decrease in energy consumption compared to traditional feeding method.
Dysregulated Calcium Homeostasis in Cystic Fibrosis Neutrophils Leads to Deficient Antimicrobial Responses
Authors: Robledo-Avila Frank H. , Ruiz-Rosado Juan de Dios , Brockman Kenneth L. , Kopp Benjamin T. , Amer Amal O. , McCoy Karen , Bakaletz Lauren O. , Partida-Sanchez Santiago
Published: August 2018

Cystic fibrosis (CF), one of the most common human genetic diseases worldwide, is caused by a defect in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Patients with CF are highly susceptible to infections caused by opportunistic pathogens (including Burkholderia cenocepacia), which induce excessive lung inflammation and lead to the eventual loss of pulmonary function. Abundant neutrophil recruitment into the lung is a key characteristic of bacterial infections in CF patients. In response to infection, inflammatory neutrophils release reactive oxygen species and toxic proteins, leading to aggravated lung tissue damage in patients with CF. The present study shows a defect in reactive oxygen species production by mouse Cftr−/−, human F508del-CFTR, and CF neutrophils; this results in reduced antimicrobial activity against B. cenocepacia. Furthermore, dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis led to increased intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ that correlated with significantly diminished NADPH oxidase response and impaired secretion of neutrophil extracellular traps in human CF neutrophils. Functionally deficient human CF neutrophils recovered their antimicrobial killing capacity following treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of Ca2+ channels and CFTR channel potentiators. Our findings suggest that regulation of neutrophil Ca2+ homeostasis (via CFTR potentiation or by the regulation of Ca2+ channels) can be used as a new therapeutic approach for reestablishing immune function in patients with CF.
Human NK Cells Lyse Th2-Polarizing Dendritic Cells via NKp30 and DNAM-1
Authors: Walwyn-Brown Katherine , Guldevall Karolin , Saeed Mezida , Pende Daniela , Önfelt Björn , MacDonald Andrew S. , Davis Daniel M.
Published: August 2018

Cross-talk between NK cells and dendritic cells (DCs) is important in Th1 immune responses, including antitumor immunity and responses to infections. DCs also play a crucial role in polarizing Th2 immunity, but the impact of NK cell–DC interactions in this context remains unknown. In this study, we stimulated human monocyte-derived DCs in vitro with different pathogen-associated molecules: LPS or polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid, which polarize a Th1 response, or soluble egg Ag from the helminth worm Schistosoma mansoni, a potent Th2-inducing Ag. Th2-polarizing DCs were functionally distinguishable from Th1-polarizing DCs, and both showed distinct morphology and dynamics from immature DCs. We then assessed the outcome of autologous NK cells interacting with these differently stimulated DCs. Confocal microscopy showed polarization of the NK cell microtubule organizing center and accumulation of LFA-1 at contacts between NK cells and immature or Th2-polarizing DCs but not Th1-polarizing DCs, indicative of the assembly of an activating immune synapse. Autologous NK cells lysed immature DCs but not DCs treated with LPS or polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid as reported previously. In this study, we demonstrated that NK cells also degranulated in the presence of Th2-polarizing DCs. Moreover, time-lapse live-cell microscopy showed that DCs that had internalized fluorescently labeled soluble egg Ag were efficiently lysed. Ab blockade of NK cell–activating receptors NKp30 or DNAM-1 abrogated NK cell lysis of Th2-polarizing DCs. Thus, these data indicate a previously unrecognized role of NK cell cytotoxicity and NK cell–activating receptors NKp30 and DNAM-1 in restricting the pool of DCs involved in Th2 immune responses.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma masquerading as gingival overgrowth
Authors: Ramesh Roshni , Sadasivan Arun
Published: August 2018

Gingival enlargements are frequently encountered in dental practice. There are different types of gingival enlargements and they vary according to the etiologic factors and pathologic processes that produce them. The exact diagnosis of the enlargement is important as some gingival enlargements can cause extensive morbidity or even mortality. Oral cancers especially squamous cell carcinomas present with variations in clinical presentation and the sites affected. A detailed medical history, clinical examination and radiographic evaluation will help identify the lesion. A biopsy will help provide a definitive diagnosis. An early diagnosis and treatment of squamous cell carcinomas is important as these tumours have a propensity for invasion of adjacent tissues and distant lymphatic metastasis which leads to a worsened prognosis. In this case report, the diagnosis and management of squamous cell carcinoma masquerading as a gingival overgrowth in the mandibular anterior region in a renal patient is reported. Dentists need to be aware and alert of the possibility of squamous cell carcinoma presenting on sites such as gingiva thereby preventing extensive morbidity and even mortality in these patients.
Comparison of using different bridge prosthetic designs for partial defect restoration through mathematical modeling
Authors: Styranivska Oksana , Kliuchkovska Nataliia , Mykyyevych Nataliya
Published: August 2018

Objective: To analyze the stress–strain states of bone and abutment teeth during the use of different prosthetic designs of fixed partial dentures with the use of relevant mathematical modeling principles. Materials and Methods: The use of Comsol Multiphysics 3.5 (Comsol AB, Sweden) software during the mathematical modeling of stress–strain states provided numerical data for analytical interpretation in three different clinical scenarios with fixed dentures and different abutment teeth and demountable prosthetic denture with the saddle-shaped intermediate part. Statistical Analysis Used: Microsoft Excel Software (Microsoft Office 2017) helped to evaluate absolute mistakes of stress and strain parameters of each abutment tooth during three modeled scenarios and normal condition and to summarize data into the forms of tables. Results: In comparison with the fixed prosthetic denture supported by the canine, first premolar, and third molar, stresses at the same abutment teeth with the use of demountable denture with the saddle-shaped intermediate part decreased: at the mesial abutment tooth by 2.8 times, at distal crown by 6.1 times, and at the intermediate part by 11.1 times, respectively, the deformation level decreased by 3.1, 1.9, and 1.4 times at each area. Conclusions: The methods of mathematical modeling proved that complications during the use of fixed partial dentures based on the overload effect of the abutment teeth and caused by the deformation process inside the intermediate section of prosthetic construction.
Decolonial perspectives on indigenous language practices
Authors: Camelo Sandra
Published: August 2018

This article embraces an expanded notion of ‘revitalisation’ that goes beyond linguistics and challenges colonial epistemic violence. It acknowledges the poetical, ethical, and political dimensions of indigenous languages practices and their deep articulation with the recreation of community filiations. Finally, it discusses how decolonial perspectives must not only expand the understandings of indigenous languages and revitalisation, but also stretch the limits of Academia and knowledge validity.
Hydrography, transport and mixing of the West Spitsbergen Current: the Svalbard Branch in summer 2015
Authors: Kolås Eivind , Fer Ilker
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Measurements of ocean currents, stratification and microstructure were made in August 2015, northwest of Svalbard, downstream of the Atlantic inflow in Fram Strait in the Arctic Ocean. Observations in three sections are used to characterize the evolution of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) along a 170-km downstream distance. Two alternative calculations imply 1.5 to 2 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) is routed to recirculation and Yermak branch in Fram Strait, whereas 0.6 to 1.3 Sv is carried by the Svalbard branch. The WSC cools at a rate of 0.20 °C per 100 km, with associated bulk heat loss per along-path meter of (1.1–1.4) x 107 W m−1, corresponding to a surface heat loss of 380–550 W m−2. The measured turbulent heat flux is too small to account for this cooling rate. Estimates using a plausible range of parameters suggest that the contribution of diffusion by eddies could be limited to one half of the observed heat loss. In addition to shear-driven mixing beneath the WSC core, we observe energetic convective mixing of an unstable bottom boundary layer on the slope, driven by Ekman advection of buoyant water across the slope. The estimated lateral buoyancy flux is O(10−8) W kg−1, sufficient to maintain a large fraction of the observed dissipation rates, and corresponds to a heat flux of approximately 400 W m−2. Convectively-driven bottom mixing followed by the detachment of the mixed fluid, and its transfer into the ocean interior can lead to substantial cooling of the WSC, at a rate comparable to that expected from diffusion by eddies.
Impact of Leadership on Digital Transformation
Authors: Sow Mouhamadou , Aborbie Solomon
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify leadership styles that impacted the digital transformation of an organization. Six information technology leaders from healthcare organizations were chosen to lead and participate in a digital transformation effort across several organizations in the Midwest (USA). The information collected was transcribed for clarity and to identify patterns in leadership styles that were evident. A qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews was established to determine this impact and how leadership style influenced an organization’s direction regarding its digital transformation. Specific research literature in this area was addressed and provided a framework for this issue, including the types of leadership styles which were commonly used. These styles influenced large-scale decisions within an organization. In addition, the success of this transformation was evaluated in the context of leadership styles occurring naturally within an organization. The research findings indicated that leadership style was highly impactful in transforming organizations and employee-based involvement and input played a critical role in the success of the change effort. In addition, organizational leaders lacked some of the technical knowledge required to lead this project. Leadership styles are influential in organizations and can implement norms, expectations, and desirable outcomes during large-scale transformative projects.
Employee Performance of Taufiqurrahman Foundation.Case Study the Effect of Compensation, Achievement Motivation, and Working Ethos on Employee Performance of Islamic Integrated Elementary School and Islamic Integrated Yunior Hight School of Taufiqurrahman In Bekasi, West Jawa, Indonesia
Authors: Kadiman Sukemi
Published: August 2018

The objective of this research is to examine the effect of compensation, achievement motivation, and working ethic towards employee performance of Taufiqurrahman Foundation in Bekasi. The research was conducted using quantitative approach and method of survey. The size of population in this research is 100 employees at Taufiqurrahman Foundation. Reseach sample were selected as 66 employees using sample random sampling technique. The data obtained with questionaires and tests. The analiytical method used in data analyzing is path analysis technique.The result shows that compensation, achievement motivation, and working ethos have positif direct effect toward the employees performance of Taufiqurrahman Foundation in Bekasi. The findings lead to recommendation that in order to build compensation, achievement motivation and working ethic should be considered seriously.
The Impact of Employee Empowerment on the Organizational Commitment
Authors: Zaraket Wael , Garios Robert , Abdel Malek Layla
Published: August 2018

Organizational commitment has been a topic of extensive interest since 1950 due to its substantial implications on both employees and organizations. Therefore, it is crucial for every company to determine and understand the aspects which boost the commitment of its employees thus leading to achieve its objectives and optimize the human capital. Hence, the purpose of this research was to analyze the impact of core components of employee empowerment on the organizational commitment in the Lebanese Banking sector.This research adopted the principles of positivism where the researcher was independent from the study. Since the study was already grounded from an existing theoretical framework with the purpose of testing hypotheses, the deductive approach was followed.  After studying the existing literature related to the subject, the researcher conducted a quantitative study. The data was distributed and collected from 123 employees working in the Lebanese Banking sector using a self-administered questionnaire. The aim of this questionnaire was to explore the influence of job autonomy, motivation, training and compensation on organizational commitment.The hypotheses which were proposed to be tested during the research were verified. The results reflected a positive relation between the components of employee empowerment and organizational commitment. This was in alignment with the other business sectors in Lebanon and in similar banking sector in the region and the West. Accordingly, the banks should consider employee empowerment as one of the factors in promoting organizational commitment. Consequently, this leads to employees’ organizational retention in the Lebanese Banking sector.
Significance of Strategic Management in the Development of International Businesses-A Visionary Approach
Authors: Abou-Moghli Azzam A.
Published: August 2018

Organizations face endless obstacles for the protection of current marketplace and market shares. Strategic management act as a contributing factor to make stream of movements towards sustainable successive operational business development in the international business. Therefore, the present study has discussed the significance of strategic management in the development of international businesses. The study results have shown that existing financial institutions are improved and new firms within international market are emerged as a result of rapid development of financial market. The successful transition for initiating tactical adjustments on the basis of preconceived scenarios is guaranteed through the integration of acts of strategic development. Moreover, the development of strategic plan needs a great deal of strategic thinking to bring the organization’s aim to fruition. The goals of strategic marketing are achieved by ensuring a strong focus on the customer needs. The marketing tools utilized by majority of the organizations to achieve competitive advantage include; loyal customer relationship, innovation, alliances, and communication. The international strategic management tends to drive strategies of successful businesses within diverse market environment. The results have concluded that organization can gain success by developing strategic alliance with companies of similar field of operation. Moreover, mostly companies have successfully modified and created new expansion strategies to enter the marketplace.
Clustering Control of Multi-Objective Problems with Application to E-commerce
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Xingwei , Shi Jinwen
Published: August 2018

In the existing logistics distribution methods, the demand of customers is not considered. The goal of these methods is to maximize the vehicle capacity, which leads to the total distance of vehicles to be too long, the need for large numbers of vehicles and high transportation costs. To address these problems, a method of multi-objective clustering of logistics distribution route based on hybrid ant colony algorithm is proposed in this paper. Before choosing the distribution route, the customers are assigned to the unknown types according to a lot of customers attributes so as to reduce the scale of the solution. The discrete point location model is applied to logistics distribution area to reduce the cost of transportation. A mathematical model of multi-objective logistics distribution routing problem is built with consideration of constraints of the capacity, transportation distance, and time window, and a hybrid ant colony algorithm is used to solve the problem. Experimental results show that, the optimized route is more desirable, which can save the cost of transportation, reduce the time loss in the process of circulation, and effectively improve the quality of logistics distribution service.
“Knowing the facility first” – Analysing environmentally relevant structures and processes in hospitals: A case study
Authors: Bonneau Andrew , Wilczynski Marzena , Federer Julia , Schanz Heiner
Published: August 2018

The operation of hospitals creates significant environmental burdens due to their large energy and material requirements, in addition to their production of hazardous wastes. Past research has predominantly focused on the role that medical technology and building design have on the environmental impact of hospital operations. In this paper, a holistic framework is developed to analyse hospital operation in order to better understand the processes, employee behaviours, and structures which contribute to the environmental impact of hospital operation. Specific focus is put on the derivation of a simple but effective method, which can also be applied by non-medical and non-specialized consultant personnel in general clinical contexts. Through the use of three empirical pathways, the employee perspective, patient perspective, and building perspective, data was gathered via a case study of the Children’s Hospital (CH), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany. Results revealed linkages between specific employee processes and the consumption of energy and materials, as well as potential pathways for future sustainability relevant monitoring. Characteristics of the hospitals administrative organizational and operational characteristics highlight the difficulties in gathering pertinent data for a complete analysis. Insights, in particular regarding employee behaviours, provide avenues for future research to better understand the implementation of sustainability programs in hospitals.
EXPERIENCE OF ECONOMIC REFORMS' IMPLEMENTATION IN POLAND AND UKRAINE
Authors: Halkiv Lyubov , Myskiv Galina , Pasinovych Iryna
Published: August 2018

The article combines the research of a system of indicators and authors’ reflections elaborated on the basis of material. The authors believe that study of Poland's economic reforms will provide an opportunity to apply a positive experience for the further development of the Ukrainian economy. Using different approaches to governance, two countries have reached different results. Today, the gap in the rates of economic development of Ukraine and Poland is increasing. Accession to the EU and systemic structural reforms in the country until 2004 contributed to the acceleration of Poland's economic growth. Ukraine for a long time failed to implement effective reforms, which have caused to the backlog of the national economy from the economies of neighboring countries.
SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE ASPECT OF THE SOCIAL ECONOMY
Authors: Florczak Ewelina , Gardziński Tomasz
Published: August 2018

The article points to the processes of change in the economy that seek to take account of human subjectivity and its needs in economic, social and civic terms. As part of these changes, social innovations are used as innovations aimed at improving the quality of people's lives in organizational and relational terms. Opposing the systemic approach of prosociality comes the concept of the social economy as a segment of social market economy that pursues social objectives within the framework of economic activity. Social enterprises are a component of the social economy. The aim of the article is to point to social innovation in the context of social enterprises. The phenomenon of innovation, social innovation and social enterprises has been described. Social enterprises constitute an important element of the landscape of the economy, in terms of the socio-economic order, taking into account the factor of social innovation.
POLISH AND AUSTRALIAN UNDERSTANDING OF EDUCATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Korczak Jarosław
Published: August 2018

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the specificity of selected educational solutions of the Polish and Australian education system at primary level. Its purpose is to show the factors, which had an impact on the understanding, and as a consequence the implementation of education at school. The essential similarities and differences on the examples between the current educational solutions in both countries taking into account their historical, geographical, cultural and political specifics. This comparative analysis was performed based on the analysis of literature, documentation of institutions responsible for the implementation of education in both countries and the experience of Polish emigrants in contact with the Polish Australian education published on websites. Conclusions and proposals resulting from the analysis can be found at the end.
Online intervention for couples affected by generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Benson Lisa A. , Doss Brian D. , Christensen Andrew
Published: August 2018

This article describes recent developments in online interventions for distressed couples, with a focus on an adaptation of an online program to address the needs of couples in which one partner has Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). This program, OurRelationship.com, is based on Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy, an empirically supported treatment which builds closeness between partners through empathy and acceptance of one another’s differences rather than emphasizing short-term change. We review the rationale for adapting the OurRelationship.com program to focus on couples affected by GAD, the structure of this intervention, and a brief case study illustrating our clinical approach. In this case study, a couple who participated in the online intervention reported that by the end of the program, they had been able to recognize the patterns of communication they had developed related to the female partner’s generalized anxiety. Moreover, they reported they had been able to develop new strategies for responding to these issues that improved the quality of their relationship.
Evaluating the role of formulation in counselling psychology: A systematic literature review
Authors: Challoner Harriet , Papayianni Fani
Published: August 2018

Despite the importance placed upon the concept and act of formulation across multiple therapeutic approaches, there is a lack of literature from within the profession of counselling psychology directly on the role, use and practice of formulation, with existing literature predominantly emanating from the related yet distinct therapeutic fields of counselling, psychotherapy, clinical psychology or psychiatry. This, in conjunction with the controversies and lack of consensus on the subject, as well as the demands of the professional and regulatory bodies, have led to this paper. Our aim is to shed light on the role that formulation plays within the profession under the lens of counselling psychology’s philosophical underpinnings. More specifically, this systematic review investigates whether formulation may be considered as fact or opinion; whether formulations across therapeutic approaches may be cohesive or divisive within counselling psychology practice; whether formulations should be undertaken inclusively with clients and other professionals or exclusively by the practitioner. Such exploration uncovers key areas of debate and potential considerations for the profession regarding how formulation is approached, utilised in clinical practice and, taught by training institutions.
“Shooting Characters”
Authors: Saarela Mårten Söderblom
Published: August 2018

“Shooting [or ‘guessing’] characters” (shèzì 射字) was a game, and later a communication method, based on phonological analysis of Chinese syllables. Over time, it became used in a variety of ways, including as a teaching tool, a cipher, and a phonological writing aid for the less educated. The actual and proposed applications of one phonological game show that Chinese phonology did not just exist in books, but encompassed distinct non-written practices that were essential to its proliferation. Chinese phonology is generally studied as a source for the history of the Chinese language, but it is also of interest for the history of cultural and intellectual life.
Ottoman Historiography
Authors: Gerber Haim
Published: August 2018

The two books surveyed in this review article have, despite containing quite different subject matter, two important aspects in common: they both try to push the borders of Ottoman historiography and to be truly innovative. The first does that within the challenging new topic of identity—in the first place Ottoman identity, but quite often another kind, sometimes expressed in the life of one person—and the second deals with a much more technical area, that of Ottoman law, challenging several of the theoretical assumptions and conclusions of the former generation of Ottoman legal scholars.
Training Anthology of Śāntideva: A Translation of the Śikṣā-samuccaya. By Charles Goodman
Authors: Lele Amod
Published: August 2018

The Training Anthology of Śāntideva: A Translation of the Śikṣā-samuccaya. By Charles Goodman.

New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. Pp. lxxvii + 433. $105 (cloth); $34.95 (paper).
Verb in Archaic Biblical Poetry: A Discursive, Typological, and Historical Investigation of the Tense System. By Tania Notarius
Authors: Kantor Benjamin
Published: August 2018

The Verb in Archaic Biblical Poetry: A Discursive, Typological, and Historical Investigation of the Tense System. By Tania Notarius. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, vol. 68. Leiden: Brill, 2013. Pp. xxiii + 351. $162.
Die Rifāʿīya aus Damaskus: Eine Privatbibliothek im osmanischen Syrien und ihr kulturelles Umfeld. By Boris Liebrenz
Authors: Hirschler Konrad
Published: August 2018

Die Rifāʿīya aus Damaskus: Eine Privatbibliothek im osmanischen Syrien und ihr kulturelles Umfeld. By Boris Liebrenz. Islamic Manuscripts and Books, vol. 10. Leiden: Brill, 2016. Pp. xvi + 421, illus. $181, €140.
Urbanization in Early and Medieval China: Gazetteers for the City of Suzhou. Translated and introduced by Olivia Milburn
Authors: Felt David Jonathan
Published: August 2018

Urbanization in Early and Medieval China: Gazetteers for the City of Suzhou. Translated and introduced by Olivia Milburn. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2015. Pp. xx + 360. $50 (cloth); $30 (paper).
From Warhorses to Ploughshares: The Later Tang Reign of Emperor Mingzong. By Richard L. Davis
Authors: DeBlasi Anthony
Published: August 2018

From Warhorses to Ploughshares: The Later Tang Reign of Emperor Mingzong. By Richard L. Davis. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2014. Pp. xvi + 219. $60.
Ibn al-Sāʿī, Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad. Edited by Shawkat M. Toorawa
Authors: Berkel Maaike van
Published: August 2018

Ibn al-Sāʿī, Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad. Edited by Shawkat M. Toorawa, translated by Editors of LAL. Library of Arabic Literature. New York: New York University Press, 2015. Pp. xlv + 226. $30.
Written Culture in Daghestan. Edited by Moshe Gammer
Authors: Kemper Michael
Published: August 2018

Written Culture in Daghestan. Edited by Moshe Gammer. Series Humaniora, vol. 369. Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Sciences, 2015. Pp. 226, figs. €35.
Direct Laser Interference Patterning of Fluorine‐Doped Tin Oxide as a Pathway to Higher Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Heffner Herman , Du Yitian , Shilovskikh Vladimir , Taretto Kurt , Wrzesińska‐Lashkova Angelika , Soldera Marcos , Lasagni Andrés Fabián , Vaynzof Yana
Published: November 2024

Improving light‐trapping capabilities through surface microstructuring of transparent conductive oxides is a promising approach to enhance solar cell efficiency. This study focuses on treating fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films using four‐beam direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) to create dot‐like periodic surface microstructures. The surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy reveals the presence of a periodic square grid of microcraters with a spatial period of ≈700 nm and an average depth ranging between 4 and 18 nm. These structures enhance the dispersion of incoming light up to 1000% in the visible and NIR spectra. When integrated into metal halide perovskite solar cells, FTO films patterned using low fluence conditions lead to a notable increase in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) compared to those made using untreated FTO. Importantly, preliminary stability tests on devices based on patterned FTO substrates show significantly improved stability compared to those fabricated using reference unpatterned substrates. These findings demonstrate that a DLIP treatment of FTO substrates is a promising technique that can substantially enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices.
Biomimetic Dual‐Driven Heterojunction Nanomotors for Targeted Catalytic Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Ye Jiamin , Fan Yueyue , Kang Yong , Ding Mengbin , Niu Gaoli , Yang Jinmei , Li Ruiyan , Wu Xiaoli , Liu Peng , Ji Xiaoyuan
Published: November 2024

The existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the characteristics of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioblastoma (GBM) present significant challenges for targeted GBM therapy. To address this, a biomimetic hybrid cell membrane‐modified dual‐driven heterojunction nanomotor (HM@MnO2‐AuNR‐SiO2) is proposed for targeted GBM treatment. These nanomotors are designed to bypass the BBB and target glioma regions by mimicking the surface characteristics of GBM and macrophage membranes. More importantly, the MnO2‐AuNR‐SiO2 heterojunction structure enables dual‐driven propulsion through near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) light and oxygen bubbles, allowing effective treatment at deep tumor sites. Meanwhile, the plasmonic AuNR‐MnO2 heterostructure facilitates the separation of electron–hole pairs and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing immunogenic tumor cell death under NIR‐II laser irradiation. Furthermore, MnO2 in the tumor microenvironment reacts to release Mn2+ ions, activating the cGAS‐STING pathway and enhancing antitumor immunity. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that these dual‐driven biomimetic nanomotors achieve active targeting and deep tumor infiltration, promoting M1 macrophage polarization, dendritic cell maturation, and effector T‐cell activation, thereby enhancing GBM catalysis and immunotherapy through ROS production and STING pathway activation.
Highly Intrinsic Thermal Conductivity of Aramid Nanofiber Films by Manipulating Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Interactions
Authors: Jiang Niu , Song Yu‐Yang , Wang Lu‐Ning , Liu Wei‐Wei , Bai Lu , Yang Jie , Yang Wei
Published: November 2024

Lightweight, flexible, and thermostable thermally conductive materials are essential for enhancing heat dissipation efficiency in advanced electronics. The development of intrinsic thermally conductive polymers is the key to expanding the space for improving the thermal conductivity of polymer‐based thermal management materials. In order to balance the thermal conductivity and mechanical performance of bulk polymers, thermally conductive aramid nanofiber (ANF) films are assembled by manipulating the proton‐donating ability of solvents. Compared to water as a conventional proton donor, ethanol‐induced multi‐scale structures composed of dense hydrogen bonding interaction, large grain size, and uniform fiber topology endow the resulting ANF films with enhanced intrinsic thermal conductivity up to 5.05 W m−1 K−1 with a 34% increase, salient mechanical performance with the tensile strength of 181.4 MPa, and exceptional thermal stability higher than 500 °C. These outstanding properties of ANF films provide many possibilities for the preparation of polymer‐based thermally conductive materials.
Electron‐Penetrating in Heterointerface Engineering for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Seawater Splitting
Authors: Li Wangyang , Jiao Junrong , Wei Jun , Wang Xiaobing , Zhao Yong
Published: November 2024

The interfacial electric field (IEF) between heterogeneous units plays an important role in the electronic modulation of active centers during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the weak electronic coupling between spatially separated IEFs limits the deep activation of metal sites on the surface of the catalyst. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept strategy is provided that imbed MS2 (M = Ni3Fe) species with high spin Fe orbits into heterogeneous units to promote the electron penetrating between IEFs. By designing a Fe2O3@MS/MS2@MOy model catalyst, the electronic interaction between adjacent IEFs is effectively enhanced for the deep oxidation of bimetals on the surface, breaking the competing relationship between adsorbed evolution mechanism (AEM) and lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) of catalysts during OER. As a result, the onset overpotential of the synthesized electrode is only 171 mV, and it maintains excellent stability for more than 2300 h at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl electrolyte.