bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Performance of Serum and Plasma in Panbio Dengue and Japanese Encephalitis Virus Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays
Authors: Blacksell Stuart D. , Lee Sue J. , Chanthongthip Anisone , Taojaikong Thaksinaporn , Thongpaseuth Soulignasack , Hübscher Tanja , Newton Paul N.
Published: September 2012

We examined the comparative performance of serum and plasma (in dipotassium EDTA) in Panbio Dengue enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of non-structural protein 1 (NS1), IgM, and IgG, and a dengue/Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) combination IgM ELISA in a prospective series of 201 patients with suspected dengue in Laos. Paired comparisons of medians from serum and plasma samples were not significantly different for Dengue IgM, and NS1 which had the highest number of discordant pairs (both 2%; P = 0.13 and P = 0.25, respectively). Comparison of qualitative final diagnostic interpretations for serum and plasma samples were not significantly different: only 1.5% (3 of 201 for Dengue/JEV IgM and Dengue IgG) and 2.0% (4 of 201; IgM and NS1) showed discordant pairs. These results demonstrate that plasma containing EDTA is suitable for use in these ELISAs.
Epidemiology of Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis among American Indians in the United States, 2000–2007
Authors: Folkema Arianne M. , Holman Robert C. , Dahlgren F. Scott , Cheek James E. , McQuiston Jennifer H.
Published: September 2012

Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis infections among American Indians (AIs) have never been specifically examined, despite high rates of other tick-borne rickettsial diseases among AIs. The epidemiology of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis among AIs was analyzed using the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS), Case Report Forms (CRFs), and Indian Health Service (IHS) inpatient and outpatient visits. The 2000–2007 average annual ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis incidence among AIs reported to NETSS was almost 4-fold lower (4.0/1,000,000) than that using IHS data (14.9). American Indian cases reported from CRFs had a higher proportion of hospitalization (44%) compared with IHS (10%). American Indian incidence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis was higher and showed a different age and geographical distribution than other races. These results highlight the need to improve collaboration between the ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis surveillance systems for AIs so as to develop interventions that target the unique epidemiology and mitigate the burden of disease among this high-risk population.
Artesunate for Severe Acute Plasmodium falciparum Infection in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Dournon Nathalie , Buffet Pierre , Caumes Eric , Clair Bernard , Jauréguiberry Stéphane
Published: September 2012

We report a case of severe malaria in a patient with underlying myasthenia gravis who was successfully treated with artesunate. The outcome was favorable. Artesunate seems to be a good option for patients with underlying myasthenia gravis disease because they benefit from a better toxicity profile than quinine.
Repeated Exposure to Media Messages Encouraging Parent-Child Communication about Sex: Differential Trajectories for Mothers and Fathers
Authors: Blitstein Jonathan L. , Evans W. Douglas , Davis Kevin C. , Kamyab Kian
Published: September 2012

Purpose.

To examine changes in parent-child communication related to sexual behavior after exposure to public health messages.

Design.

Randomized, controlled trial that was part of precampaign message testing.

Setting.

Exposure occurred online or through DVDs mailed to participants and viewed on their personal computers. Data collection occurred via a secure Web site.

Patients.

Participants included parents (n = 1969) living with a child age 10 to 14 years drawn from a nationally representative sample of U.S. households.

Intervention.

Treatment participants were exposed to video, audio, and print advertisements that promoted the benefits of speaking to their children early and often about delaying initiation of sexual activity; messages also directed parents to an informational Web site.

Measures.

The dependent variable assessed frequency of parent-child communication related to sexual behavior. The primary independent variable was treatment assignment.

Analysis.

Longitudinal growth modeling that included five waves of data.

Results.

The trajectory of growth over time differed between fathers in the treatment group and fathers in the control group (F [1, 2357] = 4.15; p < .042), indicating more frequent communication among treatment fathers than among control fathers. Trajectories did not differ between mothers in treatment and control groups.

Conclusion.

This study demonstrates that father-child and mother-child communication patterns differ over time in response to public health messages. Findings have implication for researchers developing health marketing campaigns.
Intravenous fluid use in the acutely unwell adult medical inpatient: improving practice through a clinical audit process
Authors: Walker GE , Stewart-Parker E , Chinthapalli S , Ostermann M , Dargan PI , Wood DM
Published: September 2012

Background: Our Trust developed a clinical guideline to improve the prescribing and use of intravenous (IV) fluids based on the British consensus guidelines on IV fluid therapy for adult surgical patients. We audited the effect of targeted interventions to improve performance against this guideline.

Method: There were 53 IV fluid prescription charts in the pre-intervention audit and 48 in the post-intervention audit. Data was collected on the seven local practice standards (‘local gold standards’) in the clinical guideline; compliance with all of them was necessary to meet the IV fluid prescribing bundle of care.

Results: The proportion of prescriptions which met the IV fluid prescribing bundle of care increased (3.8% to 22.9% [p=0.004]) and the legibility of the IV fluid prescription increased (28.3% to 56.3% [p=0.004]).

Conclusion: We have shown that the process of prescribing, administering and monitoring IV fluid use can be significantly improved through a range of targeted multi-disciplinary interventions.
The most deadly disease of asylumdom: general paralysis of the insane and Scottish psychiatry, c.1840–1940
Authors: Davis G
Published: September 2012

General paralysis of the insane (GPI) was one of the most devastating diseases observed in British psychiatry during the century after 1840, in terms of the high number and type of patients diagnosed, the severity of its symptoms and, above all, its utterly hopeless prognosis. With particular reference to the physicians and patients of the Royal Edinburgh Asylum, this article explores the diagnostic process and the social and medical significance of the ‘death sentence’ that accompanied the GPI diagnosis.
Correlation of Parotid Gland Function in Head and Neck Cancer Patients treated with Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy
Authors: Vahanwala Sonal , Khosa Sukhjinder Kaur , Pagare Sandeep S
Published: August 2012

Xerostomia is one of the most common side effects after radiation therapy for treating head and neck cancers. Our objective was to evaluate the salivary flow in patients treated with Intensity-modulated radiotherapy with two samples: (a) Resting saliva and (b) stimulated saliva. We performed three salivary sample collections: At the beginning, during and immediately after radiotherapy. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the whole resting (11.46%) and stimulated (15.06%) salivary flow values during the first 3 weeks of the radiotherapy (p = 0.0025, p = 0.0034 respectively).

How to cite this article

Khosa SK, Vahanwala S, Pagare SS. Correlation of Parotid Gland Function in Head and Neck Cancer Patients treated with Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):1-4.
Vocatio Specialis
Authors: Anand Akash
Published: August 2012

How to cite this article

Anand A. Vocatio Specialis. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):24.
Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve: An Indian Documentation
Authors: Raj Sagaya , Deo Ravi Padmakar , Mohiyuddin Azeem , Merchant Shuaib , Ramachandra Manaswini
Published: August 2012

Purpose of the study

Aimed to highlight a rare anatomical variation of right recurrent laryngeal nerve and a brief review of literature.

Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anatomical variation with an incidence of 0.5 to 0.7% in thyroid surgery. It is difficult to identify this variation preoperatively either by imaging or by signs and symptoms, unless a vascular anomaly is suspected.

This study aims to underline the necessity of recognizing the possibility of non-RLN and also to follow a systematic dissection of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgeries, to prevent intraoperative nerve damage.

How to cite this article

Raj S, Deo RP, Mohiyuddin A, Merchant S, Ramachandra M. Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve: An Indian Documentation. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):28-29.
Massive Chylorrhea following Total Thyroidectomy and Neck Dissection
Authors: Halkud Rajshekar , Shenoy Ashok Mohan , Veerabadriah Prashanth , Chavan Purushotham
Published: August 2012

Chylorrhea, following thyroid surgery, is a known complication mentioned in the literature, but massive chylorrhea is uncommonly encountered. Here, we report two such cases of thyroid malignancy (papillary carcinoma) where the patient developed massive chylorrhea following total thyroidectomy and neck dissection, one of whom underwent tracheal resection and anastomosis in addition. The patient, in whom only total thyroidectomy and neck dissection was done, developed encysted chyloma postoperatively which was managed surgically. The other patient who underwent neck exploration twice for his chylorrhea but later developed septicemia and succumbed to it. Development of chyloma following neck surgery is not a common entity, very few cases have been reported.

How to cite this article

Thiagarajan S, Shenoy AM, Veerabadriah P, Chavan P, Halkud R. Massive Chylorrhea following Total Thyroidectomy and Neck Dissection. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):45-48.
Tuberculosis of the Maxilla and Reconstruction of Midfacial Defect using Temporalis Muscle Flap
Authors: Singh HP , Kumar Sunil , Agarwal SP
Published: August 2012

Tuberculosis of the maxillary sinus is a rare entity which may lead to bony erosion and fistula formation. In this case, we have described a patient of tuberculosis of maxilla, a relatively uncommon entity leading to marked bony erosion with fistula formation over face, which was reconstructed using temporalis muscle flap as a reliable and one-stage procedure alternative to more complicated surgical procedures for midfacial defects.

How to cite this article

Kumar S, Singh HP, Agarwal SP. Tuberculosis of the Maxilla and Reconstruction of Midfacial Defect using Temporalis Muscle Flap. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):49-52.
Observing the continental-scale carbon balance: assessment of sampling complementarity and redundancy in a terrestrial assimilation system by means of quantitative network design
Authors: Kaminski T. , Rayner P. J. , Voßbeck M. , Scholze M. , Koffi E.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. This paper investigates the relationship between the heterogeneity of the terrestrial carbon cycle and the optimal design of observing networks to constrain it. We combine the methods of quantitative network design and carbon-cycle data assimilation to a hierarchy of increasingly heterogeneous descriptions of the European terrestrial biosphere as indicated by increasing diversity of plant functional types. We employ three types of observations, flask measurements of CO2 concentrations, continuous measurements of CO2 and pointwise measurements of CO2 flux. We show that flux measurements are extremely efficient for relatively homogeneous situations but not robust against increasing or unknown complexity. Here a hybrid approach is necessary, and we recommend its use in the development of integrated carbon observing systems.
Modeling the impacts of biomass burning on air quality in and around Mexico City
Authors: Lei W. , Li G. , Molina L.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. The local and regional impacts of open fires and trash burning on ground-level ozone (O3) and fine carbonaceous aerosols in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and surrounding region during two high fire periods in March 2006 have been evaluated using WRF-CHEM model. The model captured reasonably well the measurement-derived magnitude and temporal variation of the biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), and the simulated impacts of open fires on organic aerosol (OA) were consistent with many observation-based estimates. We did not detect significant effects of open fires and trash burning on surface O3 concentrations in the MCMA and surrounding region. In contrast, they had important influences on OA and elemental carbon (EC), contributing about 60, 22, 33, and 22% to primary OA (POA), secondary OA (SOA), total OA (TOA), and EC, respectively, on both the local and regional scales. Although the emissions of trash burning are substantially lower than those from open fires, trash burning made slightly smaller but comparable contributions to OA as open fires did, and exerted an even higher influence on EC. SOA formation due to the open fires and trash burning enhanced the OA concentration by about 10 and 5% in the MCMA, respectively. On the annual basis and taking the biofuel use emissions into consideration, we estimated that biomass burning contributed about 60, 30, and 25%, respectively, to the loadings of POA, SOA and EC in both the MCMA and its surrounding region, with about 35, 18, and 15% from open fires and trash burning. The estimates of biomass burning impacts in this study may contain considerable uncertainties due to the uncertainties in their emission estimates, extrapolations and the nature of spot comparison. More observation and modeling studies are needed to accurately assess the impacts of biomass burning on tropospheric chemistry, regional and global air quality, and climate change.
Controls on the spatial distribution of oceanic δ13CDIC
Authors: Holden P. B. , Edwards N. R. , Müller S. A. , Oliver K. I. C. , Death R. M. , Ridgwell A.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. We describe the design and evaluation of a large ensemble of coupled climate-carbon cycle simulations with the Earth-system model of intermediate complexity GENIE. This ensemble has been designed for application to a range of carbon cycle questions including utilizing carbon isotope (δ13C) proxy records to help constrain the state at the last glacial. Here we evaluate the ensemble by applying it to a transient experiment over the recent industrial era (1858 to 2008 AD). We employ singular vector decomposition and principal component emulation to investigate the spatial modes of ensemble-variability of oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) δ13C, considering both the spun-up pre-industrial state and the transient change due to the 13C Suess Effect. These analyses allow us to separate the natural and anthropogenic controls on the δ13CDIC distribution. We apply the same dimensionally reduced emulation techniques to consider the drivers of the spatial uncertainty in anthropogenic DIC. We show that the sources of uncertainty governing the uptake of anthropogenic δ13CDIC and DIC are quite distinct. Uncertainty in anthropogenic δ13C uptake is dominated by uncertainties in air-sea gas exchange, which explains 63% of modelled variance. This mode of variability is absent from the ensemble variability in CO2 uptake, which is rather driven by uncertainties in ocean parameters that control mixing of intermediate and surface waters. Although the need to account for air-sea gas exchange is well known, these results suggest that, to leading order, uncertainties in the 13C Suess effect and anthropogenic CO2 ocean-uptake are governed by different processes. This illustrates the difficulties in reconstructing one from the other and furthermore highlights the need for improved spatial coverage of both δ13CDIC and DIC observations to better constrain the ocean sink of anthropogenic CO2.
Runoff formation from experimental plot, field, to small catchment scales in agricultural North Huaihe River Plain, China
Authors: Han S. , Xu D. , Wang S.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Runoff formation at an experimental plot (1600 m2), a field (0.06 km2), and a small catchment (1.36 km2) with a shallow groundwater table and a dense drainage system in the agricultural North Huaihe River Plain (China) was analysed based on the observed rainfall, runoff, and groundwater table data of 30 storm events that occurred during the 1997 to 2008 flood seasons. The surface runoff was collected and measured at the outlet of the furrow of the experimental plot, whereas the total runoff was collected and measured at the outlets of the drainage ditches of the field and the small catchment. The present study showed that the relatively narrow range of rainfall amounts resulted in significantly different runoff amounts at the 3 scales. When the groundwater is close to the surface, the runoff amount is a large percentage of the total rainfall. The difference in rainfall and runoff amounts was regressed against changes in the groundwater table, and a significant linear relationship was determined. Significant rainfall-runoff relationships were indicated for the events divided into 3 groups according to the initial groundwater table depths (as indicators of the antecedent moisture conditions): less than 0.5 m, more than 2.1 m, or between 0.5 m and 2.1 m. These findings suggest that saturation excess surface flow dominated the runoff response, particularly when the groundwater table was shallow. For almost all events, the groundwater table rose above the bottom of the drainage ditch. The total runoff amounts were larger both at the field and at the catchment than at the plot with only the surface runoff collected, which shows a considerable contribution of subsurface flow. Groundwater table depth, which indicates antecedent moisture conditions and influences lateral sub-surface flow to the drainage ditches, is an important parameter that influences runoff formation in catchments, including the study area with a shallow groundwater table and a dense drainage system.
On the sources of hydrological prediction uncertainty in the Amazon
Authors: Paiva R. C. D. , Collischonn W. , Bonnet M. P. , de Gonçalves L. G. G.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Recent extreme events in the Amazon River basin and the vulnerability of local population motivate the development of hydrological forecast systems using process based models for this region. In this direction, the knowledge of the source of errors in hydrological forecast systems may guide the choice on improving model structure, model forcings or developing data assimilation systems for estimation of initial model states. We evaluate the relative importance of hydrologic initial conditions and model meteorological forcings errors (precipitation) as sources of stream flow forecast uncertainty in the Amazon River basin. We used a hindcast approach that compares Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) and a reverse Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (reverse-ESP). Simulations were performed using the physically-based and distributed hydrological model MGB-IPH, comprising surface energy and water balance, soil water, river and floodplain hydrodynamics processes. The model was forced using TRMM 3B42 precipitation estimates. Results show that uncertainty on initial conditions plays an important role for discharge predictability, even for large lead times (∼1 to 3 months) on main Amazonian Rivers. Initial conditions of surface waters state variables are the major source of hydrological forecast uncertainty, mainly in rivers with low slope and large floodplains. Initial conditions of groundwater state variables are important, mostly during low flow period and in the southeast part of the Amazon where lithology and the strong rainfall seasonality with a marked dry season may be the explaining factors. Analyses indicate that hydrological forecasts based on a hydrological model forced with historical meteorological data and optimal initial conditions may be feasible. Also, development of data assimilation methods is encouraged for this region.
Flood-initiating catchment conditions: a spatio-temporal analysis of large-scale soil moisture patterns in the Elbe river basin
Authors: Nied M. , Hundecha Y. , Merz B.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Floods are the result of a complex interaction between meteorological event characteristics and pre-event catchment conditions. While the large-scale meteorological conditions have been classified and successfully linked to floods, this is lacking for the large-scale pre-event catchment conditions. Therefore, we propose to classify soil moisture as a key variable of pre-event catchment conditions and to investigate the link between soil moisture patterns and flood occurrence in the Elbe river basin. Soil moisture is simulated using a semi-distributed conceptual rainfall-runoff model over the period 1951–2003. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis are applied successively to identify days of similar soil moisture patterns. The results show that PCA considerably reduced the dimensionality of the soil moisture data. The first principal component (PC) explains 75.71% of the soil moisture variability and represents the large-scale seasonal wetting and drying. The successive PCs express the spatial heterogeneous antecedent catchment conditions. By clustering the leading PCs, we detected large-scale soil moisture patterns which frequently occur before the onset of floods. In winter floods are initiated by overall high soil moisture content whereas in summer the flood initiating soil moisture patterns are diverse and less stable in time. The results underline the importance of large-scale pre-event catchment conditions in flood initiation.
Satellite-Derived Volume Loss Rates and Glacier Speeds for the Cordillera Darwin Icefield, Chile
Authors: Melkonian A. K. , Willis M. J. , Pritchard M. E. , Rivera A. , Bown F. , Bernstein S. A.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. We produce the first icefield-wide volume change rate and glacier velocity estimates for the Cordillera Darwin Icefield (CDI), a 2605 km2 temperate icefield in Southern Chile (69.6° W, 54.6° S). Velocities are measured from optical and radar imagery between 2001–2011. Thirty-seven digital elevation models (DEMs) from ASTER and the SRTM are stacked and a weighted linear regression is applied to elevations on a pixel-by-pixel basis to estimate volume change rates. The CDI lost mass at an average rate of 3.9 ± 0.3 Gt yr−1 between 2000 and 2011, equivalent to a sea level rise (SLR) of 0.01 ± 0.001 mm yr−1. Thinning is widespread, with concentrations near the front of two northern glaciers (Marinelli, Darwin) and one western (CDI-08) glacier. Thickening is apparent in the south, most notably over the advancing Garibaldi Glacier. We attribute this thinning pattern to warmer temperatures, particularly in the north, which triggered rapid retreat at Marinelli Glacier (~4 km from 2001–2011). Velocities are obtained over many of the swiftly flowing glaciers for the first time. We provide a repeat speed timeseries at the Marinelli Glacier. Maximum front speeds there accelerated from 7.5 m day−1 in 2001 to 9.5 m day−1 in 2003, to a peak of 10 m day−1 in 2011.
Anthropometry, Amplitude of Accommodation, and Spherical Equivalent Refractive Error in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Iyamu Eghosasere , Iyamu Joy Edoghogho , Oghovwerha Liticia
Published: September 2012

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between anthropometry, amplitude of accommodation assessed by minus-lens to blur (AAPUB) and push-up to blur (AAMLB), and spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ).Method. A total of two hundred and one subjects aged between 17 and 70 years with mean age of years, consisting of 93 males and 108 females were recruited for this study. Anthropometric variables were measured with standard instruments like the free-standing rod for height, weighing balance for body weight, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. The refractive error was measured by static retinoscopy and subjective refraction.Result. An inverse correlation was found between age, AAMLBand AAPUB(, −0.81, both ). BMI increased with age (, ). There was an inverse correlation between BMI, AAPUBand AAMLB(, −0.25, both ), respectively. However, the association between SEQ and anthropometry was not significant . The AAPUBand AAMLBdecreased with age while BMI increased. AAPUBand AAMLBdecreased with BMI, but were not affected by the SEQ.Conclusion. BMI increased with age while AA measured by the two methods decreased with age, and BMI increased with decreasing AA.
Laparoscopic Intraoperative Cholangiography Interpretation by Surgeons versus Radiologists, A Comparative Study and Review of 200 Cholangiographies
Authors: El-Hennawy Hany M. , El-Kahlout Eihab A. , Bedair Elsaid M. , El Omari Ibrahem M. , Abdel Aziz Ashraf A. , Badi Ahmed M.
Published: September 2012

Introduction. In some medical centers, LIOC are exclusively interpreted by surgeons. The degree of accuracy of surgeon’s interpretation compared to that of radiologist (gold standard) and its clinical significance are not well studied. Objective. study whether surgeons are accurate in interpreting IOC or not by comparing the interpretation of LIOC by surgeons to the postoperative interpretation of same cholangiograms by radiologists, and study its clinical significance. Methods. A retrospective study of 200 consecutive patients who underwent selective LIOC in Al-Khor community hospital in Qatar during the period from May 2005 till December 2011. A radiology senior consultant blindly reviewed the cholangiograms (Reading B) then we compared these findings (ductal dilatation, defects of filling and passage of contrast into duodenum) to LIOC results that were reported intraoperatively by surgeons for the same patients (Reading A). Results. Ductal dilatation was found in (27.5%) of Reading A compared to 19% in Reading B. filling defects were reported in (20.5%) of Reading A compared to 14.5% in Reading B. Conclusion. there is significant difference of LIOC interpretation between surgeons and radiologist specially in the detection of defects of fillings although this variability did not affect the clinical outcome.
High-Fat Programming of Hyperglycemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin Resistance, Hyperleptinemia, and Altered Islet Architecture in 3-Month-Old Wistar Rats
Authors: Cerf Marlon E. , Chapman Charna S. , Louw Johan
Published: September 2012

High-fat programming, by exposure to a high-saturated-fat diet in utero and/or during lactation, compromises beta-cell development and function in neonatal and weanling offspring. Therefore, high-fat programming effects were investigated on metabolism and islet architecture in young adult rats. Three-month-old male and female Wistar rat offspring were studied: HFG (maintained on a high-fat diet throughout fetal life), HFP (high-fat diet maintenance from birth to 3 months), and HFGP (high-fat diet maintenance throughout fetal and postnatal life). Control rats were maintained on a standard laboratory diet. Pancreata were double immunolabeled for insulin and glucagon to assess islet morphology and with Ki-67 to determine islet and acinar cell proliferation. HFP and HFGP males were heavier, hyperleptinemic, and hyperinsulinemic. Hyperglycemia presented in HFP males, HFP females, and HFGP males. HFGP males and HFP females were insulin resistant. HFP males displayed beta- and alpha-cell hyperplasia with alpha-cell hypertrophy evident in HFP females. Acinar cell proliferation rates were increased in HFP males. Postnatal high-fat programming induced the most diabetogenic phenotype with high-fat maintenance throughout fetal and postnatal life resulting in a severely obese phenotype. Fetal and postnatal nutrition shapes offspring health outcomes.
A Comparative Study on the Stability of Laplace-Adomian Algorithm and Numerical Methods in Generalized Pantograph Equations
Authors: Widatalla Sabir
Published: September 2012

The main objective of this paper is to examine the stability and convergence of the Laplace-Adomian algorithm to approximate solutions of the pantograph-type differential equations with multiple delays. This is done by comparatively investigating it with other methods.
Ecológicos ou Controlados? Construindo Discursivamente o Consumidor Consciente
Authors: Borelli Fernanda Chagas , Hemais Marcus Wilcox , Dias Pedro Ivo Rogedo Costa
Published: September 2012

Num contexto em que o consumo vem sendo apontado como um dos grandes responsveis pela destruio de recursos e pelo desequilbrio do clima terrestre, o consumidor vem sendo chamado para fazer a sua parte. Surge, ento, um grupo de consumidores preocupados com o efeito de suas compras no mundo exterior o que chamamos aqui de consumidores conscientes. Este trabalho procura auxiliar no entendimento dos discursos dominantes sobre o consumo consciente, investigando como o consumidor consciente, suas motivaes, suas prticas e suas dificuldades so discursivamente construdos pelos demais consumidores. A pesquisa baseou-se em um exerccio projetivo inspirado no estudo de Belk, Deninney e Eckhardt (2005) respondido por 37 alunos de uma universidade privada localizada no subrbio da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os respondentes delinearam duas construes discursivas do consumidor consciente, construdas a partir de uma forte dualidade com o que chamam de consumidor inconsciente. Motivaes, mudanas de comportamento e dificuldades enfrentadas por estes consumidores so discutidas e, com base nelas, so sugeridas aplicaes gerenciais e caminhos de pesquisa futura. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v11i2.2294
As Redes Sociais e o Comportamento de Compra do Consumidor: o reinado do “boca-a-boca” está de volta?
Authors: Tomas Robson Nogueira , Meschgrahw Rodolpho Pierre , Alcantara Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
Published: September 2012

Cada vez mais, a internet tem sido considerada um canal de marketing que abre espao para comunicao personalizada e diferenciada entre empresas e consumidores (Kloter Keller, 2006). Nessa direo, nota-se que em um mercado de concorrncia em constante ascenso e aumento de complexidade, tem sido constante, tambm, a preocupao de algumas empresas no que diz respeito s novas ferramentas da internet que impactam o comportamento de compra do consumidor. Entretanto, ainda so escassos estudos acerca desta temtica. Sob esta perspectiva, objetivou-se neste artigo conhecer e entender como as novas ferramentas da internet, em especial a web 2.0, influenciam o comportamento de compra do consumidor. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratria de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando-se de entrevistas estruturadas, e, com amparo do software SPSS para tratamento dos dados. Parte dos resultados indica que a sofisticao do consumidor uma tendncia, sendo que a mesma mais forte em determinados grupos de consumidores e categorias de produtos. Tambm h indcios de que o conhecido boca-a-boca mudou e est mais sofisticado com a ascenso das redes sociais. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v11i2.2325
Posicionamento de Marcas Globais: Um Estudo Bibliométrico da Produção Científica na Área
Authors: Sciasci Victor , Garcia Sheila Farias Alves , Galli Lesley Carina do Lago Attadiai
Published: September 2012

Este estudo teve como objetivo produzir indicadores bibliomtricos que representassem a produo cientfica sobre posicionamento de marcas globais, publicada nos ltimos cinco anos (2007-2011), tomando como base os seguintes peridicos: Journal of International Marketing, The Journal of Consumer Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research e Journal of Product Brand Management. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando o mtodo bibliomtrico. Como resultado, observa-se que a frequncia do tema nos peridicos selecionados no perodo de cinco anos (2007 a 2011) correspondeu a 6% do total das publicaes. Nota-se uma tendncia colaborativa na elaborao dos artigos, com a participao de 3 ou mais autores. Verifica-se que as teorias com maior destaque entre os artigos so Country of Origin Effect (COE), Standardization vs Globalization, Consumer Behavior e Brand Equity. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v11i2.2332
Valor da Marca: Teste Empírico da Importância das Dimensões Formadoras do Valor da Marca na Perspectiva do Consumidor no Contexto Brasileiro
Authors: Costa Luiz Sergio , Almeida Victor Manoel Cunha de
Published: September 2012

O presente estudo investigou a importncia das dimenses formadoras do valor da marca na perspectiva do consumidor no contexto brasileiro, mediante o teste emprico do modelo proposto por Yoo e Donthu (2001). Outros autores validaram a multidimensionalidade do conceito de valor da marca na perspectiva do consumidor (Myers, 2003; Villarejo-Ramos e Snchez-Franco, 2005; Vargas e Luce, 2006). Todavia, estes estudos divergiram quanto ao nmero de dimenses e suas respectivas importncias, evidenciando um hiato na literatura. Para responder as perguntas deste estudo, foi realizada uma survey com 636 consumidores. Os dados coletados foram submetidos tcnica estatstica de anlise fatorial confirmatria (CFA) e modelagem de equaes estruturais (SEM). Os resultados do estudo sugerem a validade parcial do modelo de Yoo e Donthu (2001). A importncia das dimenses lealdade e qualidade percebida na formao do valor da marca na perspectiva do consumidor foram suportadas empiricamente. Entretanto, a inexistncia de relao significativa entre conscincia / associaes e valor geral da marca sugere a necessidade de mais estudos, seja para validar essa relao, seja para propor novas escalas para mensurar o construto de conscincia / associaes marca. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v11i2.2357
Will CCSSM Matter in Ten Years? Reflect and Discuss
Authors: Larson Matthew R.
Published: September 2012

How might we use a historical perspective to make the outcome of implementing the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics better than the reform efforts that have preceded it?
The Effect of Grain Size on Radon Exhalation Rate in Soil Samples of Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan
Authors: Tabassum Nasir  , Nisar Ahmad
Published: September 2012

Radon concentration and its exhalation rate has been measured from twenty five soil samples collected from seven different locations of Dera Ismail Khan, in the north west of Pakistan. These samples were crushed after drying and passed through sieves with different sizes of pores to get three grain sizes, £0.595 mm, 0.595-2.00 mm and 2.00-4.00 mm of soil. CR-39 based NRPB (National Radiological Protection Board) radon dosimeters have been used to measure the radon concentration and exhalation rates. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has found to be: (3.57±0.38) Bq m-2 hr-1 in the samples having grain size 2.00-4.00 mm and the minimum as: (2.21±0.26) Bq m-2hr-1, in the samples with grain size £ 0.0595 mm. This indicates that the radon exhalation rate increases with the grain size. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has been found in samples collected from river side where soil texture is silty clay loam. The obtained values of radon exhalation rate for all the samples are well below the world average value of 57.60 Bq m-2 hr-1.
Le Jardin botanique de Montréal : une responsabilité municipale ?
Authors: Dagenais Michèle
Published: September 2012

Pourquoi et dans quelles circonstances l'administration municipale de Montréal s'est-elle progressivement engagée dans les domaines de la culture et des loisirs au cours du XXe siècle? En reconstituant les circonstances entourant la création du Jardin botanique à Montréal, durant les années 1930, cet article analyse les principaux mécanismes ayant conduit l'administration montréalaise à prendre en charge l'aménagement de cet espace scientifique et récréatif. Cette responsabilité ne découlait pas automatiquement de ses domaines d'intervention, tels que définis à l'origine, même si elle a été considérée comme tel depuis. L'histoire du Jardin botanique constitue ainsi une étape importante du long processus de municipalisation du champ culturel.
Le service médical aux colons : gestation et implantation d’un service infirmier au Québec (1932-1943)
Authors: Daigle Johanne , Rousseau Nicole
Published: September 2012

La crise économique qui a précédé la Deuxième Guerre mondiale a obligé le gouvernement du Québec à donner des terres aux indigents désireux de s'établir dans des régions éloignées des centres urbains. Ce mouvement a donné naissance à de petites communautés appelées « colonies », composées essentiellement de populations très pauvres. Pour plusieurs raisons, en particulier en raison de contraintes budgétaires, le gouvernement a choisi d'embaucher des infirmières pour répondre à l'ensemble des besoins de santé de ces populations, plutôt que d'y envoyer des médecins. Ce choix l'a conduit à accepter que des infirmières fassent quotidiennement des interventions considérées comme des actes médicaux. C'est ainsi que fut créé un service spécial appelé «Service médical aux colons », consistant en un réseau de plus de cent postes desservis uniquement par des infirmières travaillant en collaboration avec les médecins établis en région. Cet article décrit la longue gestation et l'implantation de ce service méconnu; il démontre que les infirmières ont été au cœur d'un vaste réseau de soins de santé, en particulier pendant une période de grandes difficultés économiques.
La commémoration de la bataille de Sainte-Foy. Du discours de la loyauté à la « fusion des races1 »
Authors: Groulx Patrice
Published: September 2012

Le monument des Braves, inauguré à Québec en 1863, célèbre la bataille de Sainte-Foy, dernière victoire remportée en 1760 par la France et les Canadiens dans la guerre de la Conquête. Son inauguration est l’une des premières de la vague commémorative qui a déferlé sur le Canada entre 1850 et 1930. Le dévoilement de ce monument, les discours qu’il a inspirés, les topiques qu’il a reflétés et ses réappropriations illustrent le travail ininterrompu de la mémoire dans ses expressions savantes, ses représentations et ses usages sociopolitiques. Nous examinerons ici comment ce monument s’est retrouvé au coeur d’un discours qui a émoussé les aspérités de la Conquête et dénaturé l’explication historique de la bataille de 1760.
Le personnel politique de Montréal, 1880-1914 : évolution d’une élite municipale
Authors: Linteau Paul-André
Published: September 2012

Entre 1880 et 1914, 234 hommes sont élus au Conseil municipal de Montréal, à titre de conseiller, maire ou commissaire. Grâce à la biographie collective, il est possible de faire ressortir certaines caractéristiques de cette élite politique. La supériorité numérique croissante des francophones se manifeste, tandis que le recul des anglophones affecte particulièrement les Irlandais. Malgré le poids croissant des membres des professions libérales, les hommes d'affaires dominent tout au long de la période, aussi bien parmi les francophones que chez les anglophones. L'étude permet en outre de dégager certains traits de la carrière politique municipale: longévité et accès à la présidence d'un comité pour un grand nombre de conseillers, mais aussi brièveté du passage au Conseil pour la moitié d'entre eux et présence d'au moins le quart des élus sur la scène provinciale ou fédérale.
Penser le Canada
Authors: Ducharme Michel
Published: September 2012

L’État étant une idée (Burdeau, 1970, 14), nous devons comprendre les fondements intellectuels qui sous-tendent son existence. L’État canadien tel qu’il est défini dans la seconde moitié du xixe siècle apparaît, du point de vue des provinces centrales, comme le fruit d’un compromis politique et idéologique entre divers groupes et tirant sa genèse de la période allant de 1838 à 1840. Bien que l’historiographie les ait négligées, ces années constituent le creuset duquel émerge le Canada moderne. À cette époque charnière où l’espace canadien doit être redéfini vu les graves troubles politiques coloniaux, les intellectuels, les politiciens et les groupes de pression explicitent leur vision de l’avenir des deux Canadas et proposent leurs solutions à l’impasse constitutionnelle. À partir des définitions théoriques du libéralisme et du nationalisme, nous tâchons de mettre en lumière les points de rencontre entre les divers intervenants (tory ou réformistes, coloniaux ou métropolitains). Ces éléments laissent entrevoir les bases sur lesquelles s’édifiera le Canada.
La presse française et les rébellions canadiennes de 1837
Authors: Le Jeune Françoise
Published: September 2012

Cet article propose une analyse des réactions de la presse française, et plus particulièrement de la presse républicaine (Le National), face aux insurrections qui se déroulent au Bas-Canada fin 1837. La lecture de ces événements est une lecture enchâssée et périphérique puisque les sources des journalistes français sont essentiellement anglaises (la presse anglaise puisant elle-même ses informations dans les journaux américains et les journaux conservateurs canadiens). Avec un certain décalage, la presse française s’enflamme pour la cause canadienne après l’avoir considérée comme un mouvement secondaire. Les journalistes du National vont s’emparer tardivement de cette cause pour l’utiliser dans leur propre combat républicain en France. Sauver le Canada de l’oppression britannique devient le cheval de bataille de la presse républicaine, car la France a des « destinées civilisatrices » dans le monde.
Carabines, poutchinettes co-eds ou freschettes sont-elles des étudiantes ?
Authors: Hébert Karine
Published: September 2012

Les universités ont longtemps été une chasse-gardée masculine. À Montréal, la situation change en 1884, alors que McGill admet les premières « Donaldas », et en 1908, alors que l’Université Laval à Montréal ouvre quelques-unes de ses portes aux premières finissantes du cours classique pour jeunes filles. Mais sur le plan de l’intégration et de l’identité, cette admission officielle ne suffit pas pour faire de ces filles des étudiantes à part entière. En se basant sur les journaux étudiants et les archives institutionnelles, cet article examine, sur une période de plus de soixante ans, les résistances mais aussi les avancées de l’intégration des étudiantes dans ces deux universités montréalaises. Trois aspects spécifiques du discours des autorités universitaires, des étudiants et des étudiantes elles-mêmes sont approfondis : l’appartenance à la jeunesse, à l’institution et à la communauté étudiante. Il en ressort qu’entre 1900 et 1960, si les étudiantes ont réussi à se tailler une place au sein de l’université et à se faire reconnaître de leurs confrères, toutes les résistances n’ont pas encore été levées.
Morale catholique et détresse conjugale au Québec. La réponse du service de régulation des naissances Seréna,1955-1970
Authors: Gervais Diane
Published: September 2012

Cet article repose sur les archives de Seréna, le premier service de régulation des naissances au Québec, et les témoignages oraux de ses fondateurs. Il étudie le travail d'éducation populaire de Seréna en s'attachant particulièrement au contexte culturel de son émergence et à la philosophie de l'amour qu'il véhiculait. Tout en propageant une méthode acceptée par l'Église, Seréna proposait une transformation des rapports hommes/femmes dans la sexualité. L'article analyse en deuxième partie un corpus de 145 lettres dans lesquelles des couples francophones catholiques exposaient leurs problèmes moraux, conjugaux et sexuels.
La scolarisation élémentaire en Mauricie (1850-1900) : esquisse de la population scolaire et des résultats de ses apprentissages
Authors: Murray Jocelyne
Published: September 2012

Cet article traite de la scolarisation élémentaire dans les circonscriptions de Champlain, de Maskinongé et de Saint-Maurice pendant la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle. L'étude montre qu'il faut attendre la fin du siècle pour que la presque totalité des enfants âgés entre sept et treize ans fréquentent l'école. Cependant, les écoliers affichent une faible assiduité tout au long de la période, sauf dans les écoles modèles et académiques. De multiples facteurs peuvent expliquer l'irrégularité de la présence en classe, surtout dans les « petites écoles » disséminées sur tout le territoire. À la pauvreté et aux corvées familiales incontournables s'ajoutent la non-obligation scolaire et le manque de formation en pédagogie du personnel enseignant. Et toutefois, l'apprentissage des matières de base, de morcelé qu'il était au milieu du siècle, devient plus complet les décennies suivantes. Si bien qu'à la fin du siècle, les élèves apprennent simultanément la lecture, l'écriture et le calcul. Pour expliquer ces évolutions discordantes, force est de revenir sur les explications ci-dessus et de proposer de nouvelles pistes de recherche.
Les élites drummondvilloises et la crise des années 1930
Authors: Roux-Pratte Maude
Published: September 2012

Auparavant pris en charge par des réseaux privés d’assistance, les chômeurs se retrouvent en nombre sans précédent durant la crise des années 1930, forçant ainsi l’État à légiférer dans un nouveau domaine d’intervention. Au Canada, les gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux conçoivent de vastes programmes d’aide (secours directs et travaux publics), dont ils laissent cependant la gestion et l’application aux municipalités. À Drummondville, les élus sollicitent pour cette tâche la collaboration de certaines associations, particulièrement la Chambre de commerce, la Ligue des propriétaires et l’Association des manufacturiers canadiens. Le présent article s’intéresse au rôle de chacune de ces organisations et, plus largement, aux réseaux locaux formés par les élites dans le cadre de la mise en oeuvre des premières politiques à l’égard du chômage.
Corps, territoire et paysage à travers les images et les textes viatiques en Nouvelle-France (1701-1756)1
Authors: Chaffray Stéphanie
Published: September 2012

À la fin de la période de la Nouvelle-France, les auteurs de relations de voyage semblent peu s’intéresser au paysage américain comparativement aux peuples autochtones sur lesquels ils concentrent leur attention. Cependant, si l’on analyse les récits et les gravures qui les illustrent en s’interrogeant sur la place consacrée au corps amérindien et au paysage, il est possible de voir que l’un et l’autre sont manipulés pour servir l’idéologie coloniale. Les Français prennent possession du territoire de manière symbolique, redéfinissent la relation entre les Amérindiens et l’environnement afin d’affirmer leur présence. Cet article explore la représentation du corps et du paysage dans les récits de voyage par le biais des problématiques d’appropriation et de pouvoir.
Les Pontchartrain se penchent sur leurs cartes de l’Amérique : les cartes et l’impérialisme, 1690–17121
Authors: Miquelon Dale
Published: September 2012

Les cartes historiques ne sont pas de simples reflets scientifiques de la géographie. Il vaudrait mieux les comprendre comme des « constructions » qui nous révèlent comment les sociétés passées comprenaient leur monde. Elles jouèrent ainsi un rôle important dans la construction d’un « Nouveau Monde de l’esprit » par les ministres français, Louis et Jérôme de Pontchartrain, qui gérèrent le destin du Canada entre 1690 et 1715. Si les cartes de J.-B.-L. Franquelin exposent à la fois le danger et les possibilités d’une politique impérialiste et continentale en Amérique du Nord, les cartes de J.-B. de Couagne nous montrent le choix moins grandiose de Jérôme de Pontchartrain. Ainsi, il nous faut rejeter la thèse d’un impérialisme français de grande envergure dans les dernières années du règne de Louis XIV.