bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromium Cluster Luminescence: Advancing Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diode Design for Next‐Generation Broadband Compact Light Sources
Authors: Rajendran Veeramani , Chang Chih‐Yu , Huang Ming‐Hsuan , Chen Kuan‐Chun , Huang Wen‐Tse , Kamiński Mikołaj , Lesniewski Tadeusz , Mahlik Sebastian , Leniec Grzegorz , Lu Kuang‐Mao , Wei Da‐Hua , Chang Ho , Liu Ru‐Shi
Published: December 2023

In modern technology devices, an energy‐saving miniature near‐infrared (NIR) light source plays a critical role in non‐destructive, non‐invasive sensing applications and further advancement of technology. This paper reports the broadband NIR luminescence of Cr3+ clusters for designing phosphor‐converted NIR light‐emitting diodes as an alternative to typical isolated Cr3+ centers and Cr3+ ion pairs. Here, Cr3+ clusters form in the intermediate spinel structure of MgGa2O4 by utilizing the long‐chain edge‐shared octahedral dimers with the shortest bond distance between Cr3+ cations. Electron paramagnetic and magnetometry measurements confirm the isolated Cr3+ and Cr3+ clusters, resulting in NIR luminescence with three distinct emission centers. The formation of Cr3+ clusters in MgGa2O4 ensures stable internal quantum efficiency (≈94%), full‐width‐half‐maximum (248 nm), thermal stability (87%), and a radiant flux of ≈17.66 mW. This work offers a promising approach to NIR phosphor design and enhances the understanding of luminescence mechanisms in spinel and related structures.
Impact of Pocket Geometry on Quantum Dot Lasers Grown on Silicon Wafers
Authors: Koscica Rosalyn , Shang Chen , Feng Kaiyin , Hughes Eamonn T. , Li Christy , Skipper Alec , Bowers John E.
Published: December 2023

Epitaxially grown quantum dot (QD) lasers in narrow pockets on patterned silicon photonics wafers present a key step toward full monolithic integration of on‐chip light sources. However, InAs QD lasers grown in deep and narrow pockets demonstrate limited performance and reliability compared to planar‐grown counterparts. Herein, InAs QD lasers are grown in patterned SiO2 pockets atop planar thermal cyclic annealed GaAs on (001) Si substrate with reduced threading dislocation density, enabling detailed study of how pocket geometry impacts device performance. Fabry–Pérot lasers with cleaved facets exhibit strong variation in performance based on the dimensions of the pocket, wherein thermal and optical metrics improve with increasing pocket width. Devices lase up to a maximum stage temperature of 115 °C with an extrapolated lifetime of 2.2 years at 80 °C for material grown in 50 μm by 3900 μm pockets. This study addresses, the ongoing challenge of optimizing pocket‐grown devices to planar equivalent performance.
Photocatalyst‐ and Transition‐Metal‐Free Light‐Induced Formation of Carbon‐Chalcogen Bonds
Authors: Bhanja Rosalin , Bera Shyamal Kanti , Mal Prasenjit
Published: December 2023

Photoinduced chemical transformations have become a promising aspect of organic synthesis. This review focuses on the recent advancements in harnessing photoinduced processes for the formation of carbon‐chalcogen (C−O, C−S, C−Se, and C−Te) bonds under catalyst‐free conditions. These pathways typically involve either a radical mechanism or the creation of electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes. The review explores the intricacies of the underlying mechanisms, discusses limitations, and evaluates the applicability of various methodologies in this field. Notably, photocatalyst and transition metal‐free photochemical reactions offer effective alternatives to enhance sustainability in this research area.
Modelling Radiative Coolers for the Built Environment in the Urban Context
Authors: Kousis Ioannis , Martilli Alberto , Pisello Anna Laura
Published: December 2023

Radiative Coolers (RCs) represent an emerging technology that has the potential to significantly reduce urban heat and improve indoor/outdoor thermal comfort in the built environment. Broadband and Selective Radiative Coolers (BRCs and SRCs, respectively) are the two main types of RCs that have been proposed for application in the built environment. Being both typically characterized by high solar reflectance, the former emits thermal radiation within the overall infrared spectrum, whilst the latter emits thermal radiation mainly within the Atmospheric Window (AW) waverange. A variety of both types of RCs have been developed and tested in both in‐lab and in‐field experimental campaigns. Yet, all experiments comprise small scale specimens that do not represent real‐life scale components of the built environment. In addition, no meso scale assessments have been performed with respect to the RCs' performance at a city scale. Here, for the first time, the thermo‐optical performance of both BRCs and SRCs is introduced and investigated in a multilayer Urban Canopy Model (UCM) coupled with extended Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and we simulated 20 different scenarios representing the vast majority of urban layouts. The outcomes show that both types of RCs maintain lower surface temperature and air temperature at 2 m height inside the canyon, compared to conventional roofs. In addition, a city scale application of RCs has been found capable of decreasing ambient temperature up to 1.6°C as potentially experienced by pedestrians.
Responsive Nanomaterial Delivery Systems for Pancreatic Cancer Management
Authors: Elsherbeny Amr , Bayraktutan Hulya , Oz Umut Can , Moloney Cara , Ashworth Jennifer C. , Grabowska Anna M. , Alexander Cameron
Published: December 2023

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a high mortality rate and unfavorable prognosis. This is primarily attributed to poor accumulation of therapeutic agents at the target site due to the presence of a highly complex tumor microenvironment surrounding the pancreatic cancer tissue. However, a promising avenue for targeted drug delivery has emerged in the form of stimuli‐responsive materials. These advanced nanocarriers, encompassing both external and internal stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles, can be formulated to control the release of therapeutic agents precisely in response to specific activation. By harnessing external stimuli such as light, ultrasound, or magnetic fields, as well as intrinsic biological triggers including pH, redox potential, hypoxia, and temperature, these nanomaterials exhibit ‘intelligent’ and selective responses within complex biological environments. These responsive nanoparticles have been shown to address challenges associated with poor vascularity and thick desmoplastic stromal layers, which are hallmarks of pancreatic cancer, by promoting enhanced drug accumulation and release at the target site relative to conventional therapy. This work explores the design strategies for advanced stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials, integrating both internal and external stimuli, with the potential to enhance drug delivery efficacy in pancreatic cancer. It addresses the challenges and prospects in their development and offers insights for future clinical applications.
Modeling and Analyzing Information Propagation Evolution Integrating Internal and External Influences
Authors: Yin Fulian , She Yuwei , Wang Jinxia , Wu Yuewei , Wu Jianhong
Published: December 2023

Online social networks have revolutionized communication, providing individuals with platforms to express their personal opinions on diverse topics. Researchers have independently explored information propagation and opinion evolution within complex networks. However, these phenomena exhibit interconnectedness, where information dissemination influences opinion evolution and vice versa. To address challenges in complex network modeling and opinion‐information coupling, internal and external factors are considered in public opinion scenarios by incorporating the crowd effect, enhancement effect, and evolutionary game theory. The susceptible‐latent‐forwarding‐immune‐Jager‐Amblard (SLFI‐JA) model is presented by modifying the SLFI propagation dynamics model and the JA opinion dynamics model, enabling the integration of information propagation and opinion evolution at the microlevel. Through analyzing real‐world social hotspots on Sina Weibo, case studies and comparative analyses are conducted to validate the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model. Furthermore, the findings identify key factors influencing public opinion dissemination and group opinion evolution, offering valuable insights to relevant departments in public opinion response and management. The study aims to mitigate the harmful effects of negative public opinions, prevent extreme adverse online events, and foster a healthier online environment.
Computational Screening of 2D All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free Halide Perovskites A3B2X9 for Photovoltaic and Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Luo Qingyuan , Su Liqin , Lu Yanan , Fang Linghui , Shu Haibo , Cao Dan , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: December 2023

Exploration of low‐dimensional Pb‐free halide perovskites with high stability and outstanding properties is still a pursuing target for developing integrated optoelectronic devices. Herein, comprehensive computational screening of a new class of two‐dimensional (2D) all‐inorganic Pb‐free A3B2X9 perovskites is performed based on the first‐principles calculations. The results indicate that the structural and electronic properties of 2D A3B2X9 structures strongly depend on the B‐X bonding interactions, which makes that their thermodynamic stability follows the trend of A3Bi2X9≈A3Sb2X9>A3In2X9>A3Ga2X9 and their interlayer interactions show a reversal trend. Owing to the lack of lone‐pair electron effect, A3In2X9 indicate direct bandgap characteristics and present the relatively smaller bandgaps and higher electron mobilities than A3Sb2X9 and A3Bi2X9. Benefit from optimal bandgaps (0.8–2.1 eV) and large absorption coefficients (104–105 cm−1) in the visible region, A3B2I9 (B = In, Sb, Bi) exhibit high power conversion efficiency up to 18.2%. Moreover, A3B2I9 (B = Sb, Bi)  is verified as efficient photocatalysts for overall water splitting. The theoretical solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of Rb3Bi2I9 and Cs3Bi2I9 are >16%. This work suggests huge potential of 2D A3B2X9 perovskites for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.
Radical‐Dearomative Generation of Cyclohexadienyl Pd(II) toward the 3D Transformation of Nonactivated Phenyl Rings
Authors: Fan Qi , Jiang Kai , Liu Bo , Jiang Huanfeng , Cao Xiaohui , Yin Biaolin
Published: December 2023

Traditional palladium‐catalyzed dearomatization of (hetero)arenes takes place via an ionic pathway and usually requires elevated temperatures to overcome the energy barrier of the dearomative insertion step. Herein, a combination of the radical and two‐electron pathways is disclosed, which enables room temperature dearomative 3D transformations of nonactivated phenyl rings with Pd(0) as the catalyst. Experimental results together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate a versatile π‐allyl Pd(II) species, cyclohexadienyl Pd(II), possibly is involved in the dearomatization. This species is generated by combining the cyclohexadienyl radical and Pd(I). The cyclohexadienyl Pd(II) provides chemoselective (carboamination and trieneylation), regioselective (1,2‐carboamination), and diastereoselective (carbonyl‐group directed face selectivity) conversions.
Pressure‐Induced Remarkable Spectral Red‐Shift in Mn2+‐Activated NaY9(SiO4)6O2 Red‐Emitting Phosphors for High‐Sensitive Optical Manometry
Authors: Zeng Qifeng , Runowski Marcin , Xue Junpeng , Luo Laihui , Marciniak Lukasz , Lavín Víctor , Du Peng
Published: December 2023

To settle the low sensitivity of luminescent manometers, the Mn2+‐activated NaY9(SiO4)6O2 red‐emitting phosphors with splendid pressure sensing performances are developed. Excited by 408 nm, the resulting products emit bright red emission originating from 4T1(4G) → 6A1 transition of Mn2+, in which the optimal concentration of the activator ion is ≈1 mol%. Moreover, the admirable thermal stability of the developed phosphors is studied and confirmed by the temperature‐dependent emission spectra, based on which the activation energy is derived to be 0.275 eV. By analyzing the pressure‐dependent Raman spectra, the structural stability of the synthesized compounds at extreme conditions is verified. Furthermore, the designed phosphors exhibit remarkable spectral red‐shift at elevated pressure. Especially, as pressure increases from 0.75 to 7.16 GPa, the emission band centroid shifts from 617.2 to 663.4 nm, resulting in a high sensitivity (dλ/dP) of 7.00 nm GPa−1, whereas the full width at half maximum (FWHM) increases from 83.0 to 110.6 nm, leading to the ultra‐high sensitivity (dFWHM/dP) of 10.13 nm GPa−1. These achievements manifest that the designed red‐emitting phosphors are appropriate for ultrasensitive optical manometry. More importantly, the developed manometer is a current global leader in sensitivity, when operating in the band‐width mode, that is, FWHM.
High Gain Graphene Based Hot Electron Transistor with Record High Saturated Output Current Density
Authors: Strobel Carsten , Chavarin Carlos A. , Knaut Martin , Völkel Sandra , Albert Matthias , Hiess Andre , Max Benjamin , Wenger Christian , Kirchner Robert , Mikolajick Thomas
Published: December 2023

Hot electron transistors (HETs) represent an exciting new device for integration into semiconductor technology, holding the promise of high‐frequency electronics beyond the limits of SiGe bipolar hetero transistors. With the exploration of 2D materials such as graphene and new device architectures, hot electron transistors have the potential to revolutionize the landscape of modern electronics. This study highlights a novel hot electron transistor structure with a record output current density of 800 A cm−2 and a high current gain α, fabricated using a scalable fabrication approach. The hot electron transistor structure comprises 2D hexagonal boron nitride and graphene layers wet transferred to a germanium substrate. The combination of these materials results in exceptional performance, particularly in terms of the highly saturated output current density. The scalable fabrication scheme used to produce the hot electron transistor opens up opportunities for large‐scale manufacturing. This breakthrough in hot electron transistor technology holds promise for advanced electronic applications, offering high current capabilities in a practical and manufacturable device.
Construction of Stable Li2O‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Practical PEO‐Based Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Li Siyuan , Wang Xinyang , Mao Shulan , Guo Junze , Shen Zeyu , Mao Jiale , Wu Qian , Shen Kang , Cheng Hao , Tan Yuanzhong , Lu Yingying
Published: December 2023

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) have garnered recognition as highly promising candidates for advanced lithium‐metal batteries. However, the practical application of PEO‐based SPE is hindered by its low critical current density (CCD) resulting from undesired dendrite growth. In this study, a PEO‐based SPE that exhibits an ultra‐high CCD (4 mA cm−2) is presented and enhanced lithium ionic conductivity through the incorporation of small amounts of P2S5 (PS). The crystalline Li2O‐rich and P/S‐containing solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is revealed by cryo‐electron microscope (cryo‐EM) and Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS), which inhibits dendrite growth and adverse reactions between SPE and reductive lithium, thus offering a spherical growth behavior for dendrite‐free lithium metal anode. Consequently, utilizing the PS‐integrated SPE, a Li‐Li symmetric cell demonstrates reduced resistance during operation, enabling stable cycles exceeding 200 hours at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2, a stringent test condition for PEO‐based electrolytes. Moreover, a Li/SPE/LiFePO4 (LFP) pouch cell exhibits 80% capacity retention after 100 cycles with 50 µm Li and 30 µm PEO electrolyte, showcasing its potential for practical applications.
Bimetallic PdFe3 Nano‐Alloy with Tunable Electron Configuration for Boosting Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Mu Jianjia , Zhao Zhiwei , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Liu Zhao‐Meng , Luo Wen‐Bin , Sun Zhenhua , Gu Qin‐Fen , Li Feng
Published: December 2023

Electrocatalyst plays animportant role in electrochemical ammonia synthesis by determining the nitrogen reduction reaction pathway. Featuring the inherent half‐filled 3d orbitals, ion‐based alloy electrocatalysts have been attracting much more attention owing to the controllable driving force to adsorb and activate N≡N bonds. Besides supplying unoccupied d‐orbital to accommodate lone‐pair electrons to facilitate nitrogen adsorption, donating d‐orbital electrons to nitrogen antibonding orbitals to dissociate N≡N bond is demandedas well. By palladium (Pd) to synthesize PdFe3 nano‐alloy, numerous Fe 3d orbitals can be reconstructed via charge polarization between Fe and Pd, simultaneously lowering corresponding work functions. Meanwhile, the positively charged Fesites in PdFe3 can strengthen suppress the proton adsorption by electrostatic repulsion. A considerably optimized ammonia production rate of 29.07 µg h−1 mgcat.−1 and Faradic efficiency of 22.8% are accomplished at a low overpotential of −0.2 V vs. RHE. Density functional theory combined with in‐situ ATR‐FTIR results confirmthe electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction follows the associative distalmechanism and the electron‐deficient Fe induced through Pd facilitates significantly lowering the first‐step‐protonation energy barrier of only 0.07 eV (*N2 + *H →*NNH).
3D models guide the design of hollow fiber membrane contactors with complex internal structures for CO2 capture
Authors: Yin Yihan , Liu Qi , Gao Hongxia , Xiao Min , Sema Teerawat , Liang Zhiwu
Published: December 2023

Membrane contactors have good prospects in the field of CO2 capture. In this study, the effects of operation conditions (gas velocity, liquid flow, CO2 pressure, amine concentration, and CO2 loading) on CO2 absorption flux (JCO2) for CO2 absorption into N‐methyl‐4‐piperidinol (MPDL) solution in membrane contactors were investigated through experiments and simulations. A three‐dimensional (3D) model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to study the comprehensive CO2 mass transfer process in the multifiber membrane contactor and the effect of the number of fibers on the flow and CO2 concentration distribution without simplifying the geometry compared with those of traditional one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) models. Non‐ideal effects occurring in hollow fiber membrane contactors can be explained using a 3D modeling. By comparing the simulated with the experimental , the effectiveness of the model was determined. The simulation results emphasize that the spatial concentration distribution has a great correlation with the corresponding velocity distribution. Additionally, reducing the uneven velocity distribution of gas and liquid is a very important factor to improve the mass transfer performance of CO2. Increasing the number of fibers with a constant total volumetric flux can reduce the thickness of the boundary layer and promote the mass transfer.
Assessing the role of social determinants of health in health disparities: The need for data on work
Authors: Silver Sharon R. , Sweeney Marie H. , Sanderson Wayne T. , Pana‐Cryan Regina , Steege Andrea L. , Quay Brian , Carreón Tania , Flynn Michael A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Work is a key social determinant of health. Without the collection of work‐related information in public health data systems, the role of social determinants in creating and reinforcing health disparities cannot be fully assessed.

Methods

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) maintains or supports a number of public health surveillance and health monitoring systems, including surveys, case‐based disease and exposure systems, vital status records, and administrative data systems. We evaluated a convenience sample of these systems for inclusion of information in three work‐related domains: employment status, industry and occupation, and working conditions.

Results

While 12 of 39 data systems were identified as collecting work‐related data, this information was often minimal (e.g., only employment status), restricted to a subset of respondents, or only gathered periodically. Information on working conditions was particularly sparse.

Conclusion

Historically, the limited and inconsistent collection of work‐related information in public health data systems has hindered understanding of the role work plays in health disparities. Current CDC data modernization efforts present opportunities to enhance the identification and mitigation of health disparities by prioritizing inclusion of an expanded set of work‐related data elements.
Quantum Fourier Transform‐Based Arithmetic Logic Unit on a Quantum Processor
Authors: Çakmak Selçuk , Kurt Murat , Gençten Azmi
Published: December 2023

This study proposes and construct a primitive quantum arithmetic logic unit (qALU) based on the quantum Fourier transform (QFT). The qALU is capable of performing arithmetic ADD (addition) and logic NAND gate operations. It designs a scalable quantum circuit and presents the circuits for driving ADD and NAND operations on two‐input and four‐input quantum channels, respectively. By comparing the required number of quantum gates for serial and parallel architectures in executing arithmetic addition, it evaluates the performance. It also execute the proposed quantum Fourier transform‐based qALU design on real quantum processor hardware provided by IBM. The results demonstrate that the proposed circuit can perform arithmetic and logic operations with a high success rate. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the potential implementations of the qALU circuit in the field of computer science, highlighting the possibility of constructing a soft‐core processor on a quantum processing unit.
Iminothioindoxyl Donors with Exceptionally High Cross Section for Protein Vibrational Energy Transfer
Authors: Feid Carolin , Luma Larita , Fischer Tobias , Löffler Jan Gerrit , Grebenovsky Nikolai , Wachtveitl Josef , Heckel Alexander , Bredenbeck Jens
Published: December 2023

Various protein functions are related to vibrational energy transfer (VET) as an important mechanism. The underlying transfer pathways can be experimentally followed by ultrafast Vis‐pump/IR‐probe spectroscopy with a donor‐sensor pair of non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) incorporated in a protein. However, so far only one donor ncAA, azulenylalanine (AzAla), exists, which suffers from a comparably low Vis extinction coefficient. Here, we introduce two novel donor ncAAs based on an iminothioindoxyl (ITI) chromophore. The dimethylamino‐ITI (DMA‐ITI) and julolidine‐ITI (J‐ITI) moieties overcome the limitation of AzAla with a 50 times higher Vis extinction coefficient. While ITI moieties are known for ultrafast photoswitching, DMA‐ITI and J‐ITI exclusively form a hot ground state on the sub‐ps timescale instead, which is essential for their usage as vibrational energy donor. In VET measurements of donor‐sensor dipeptides we investigate the performance of the new donors. We observe 20 times larger signals compared to the established AzAla donor, which opens unprecedented possibilities for the study of VET in proteins.
Boosting Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction via Self‐Relaxation of Asymmetric Coordination in Fe‐Based Single Atom Catalyst
Authors: Jin Zhaoyong , Jiao Dongxu , Dong Yilong , Liu Lin , Fan Jinchang , Gong Ming , Ma Xingcheng , Wang Ying , Zhang Wei , Zhang Lei , Gen Yu Zhi , Voiry Damien , Zheng Weitao , Cui Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2023

Addressing the limitations arising from the consistent catalytic behavior observed for various intermediates during the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) poses a significant challenge in the optimization of catalytic activity. In this study, we aimed to address this challenge by constructing an asymmetric coordination Fe single atom catalyst (SCA) with a dynamically evolved structure. Our catalyst, consisting of a Fe atom coordinated with one S atom and three N atoms (Fe−S1N3), exhibited exceptional selectivity (CO Faradaic efficiency of 99.02 %) and demonstrated a high intrinsic activity (TOF of 7804.34 h−1), and remarkable stability. Using operando XAFS spectra and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we elucidated the self‐relaxation of geometric distortion and dynamic evolution of bond lengths within the catalyst. These structure changes enabled independent regulation of the *COOH and *CO intermediate adsorption energies, effectively breaking the linear scale relationship and enhancing the intrinsic activity of CO2RR. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic evolution of SACs and paves the way for targeted catalyst designs aimed to disrupt the linear scaling relationships.
Facile fabrication of highly efficient bifunctional polydopamine–polyethyleneimine copolymerization‐modified magnetic material and its effective applications for both adsorption of gold ions and catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol
Authors: Wu Xiaoqiong , Zhang Wansong , Yin Ping , Xu Qiang , Yang Zhenglong , Xu Yanbin , Liu Xiguang , Wang Feng , Wang Ying , Cai Honglan
Published: December 2023

The heavy metal ions and organic pollutants are major harmful substances in wastewater because of their toxicity on human health and environment. Nowadays, the adsorption–catalysis treatment to remove them simultaneously is still a challenge because of their different reaction mechanisms. Herein, a novel bifunctional polymer magnetic material Fe3O4@PDA‐PEI was successfully developed through a facile co‐deposition method by the copolymerization modification of polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) on magnetic ferroferric oxide, which can both be utilized for both heavy metal ion removal from simulated industrial wastewater and further effective catalytic reduction of toxic 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to useful 4‐aminophenol. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@PDA‐PEI for gold ions was 465.12 mg/g at 35°C, and the adsorption thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS of Fe3O4@PDA‐PEI (m(PDA):m(PEI) = 2:1) were −5.28 (35°C), 25.58, and 111.30 J K−1 mol−1, respectively. In addition, a sustainable strategy of converting gold ions to gold nanoparticles has been demonstrated for additional catalytic functionality of Fe3O4@PDA‐PEI, and Fe3O4@PDA‐PEI‐Au could effectively catalyze the reduction of 4‐NP at ambient temperature within 9 min. Fe3O4@PDA‐PEI with the advantages of facile fabrication, easy separation, excellent adsorption, and catalysis performance could be used as a promising polymer composite material in complicated wastewater environment. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Sustainable application study of disposable medical waste masks in cement based on green Fenton reaction
Authors: Chen Youchao , Luo Wenjie , Meng Fanyu , Zhou Tao , Lai Fang , Zhao Zhenxia , Liu Yu , Li Jing
Published: December 2023

This study addresses disposable medical mask (DMM) environmental issues through recycling polypropylene fibers. Polypropylene fibers were collected from DMMs, artificially crush them, and enhance fiber–cement interaction via advanced Fenton oxidation. Analysis (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, x‐ray photoelectron spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectrometer, atomic force microscope, contact angle) confirms successful FeOOH grafting onto M‐DMM fibers, increasing roughness and wettability. Compared with DMM fibers, the surface free energy of M‐DMM fibers increased by 46.3%. Consequently, the grafting of FeOOH onto the fiber surface improves the physical friction and interlocking effects between the fibers and cement. FE‐SEM results after 28 days of curing reveal that M‐DMM fibers exhibit better bonding ability with cement compared with unmodified DMM fibers. Mechanical tests unequivocally demonstrated the enhanced impact resistance of the cement mortar incorporating M‐DMM fibers compared to the reference. Specifically, there was a significant 16.0% increase at 7 days of curing, followed by an additional 4.5% improvement after 28 days of curing. This study provides an eco‐friendly solution for addressing the post‐pandemic surge in DMM waste, reducing microplastic pollution, and lowering disposal costs. It also offers the construction industry an innovative material enhancing cement mortar's impact resistance, aligning with sustainable development principles.
Fabrication of alginate/sericin/cellulose nanocrystals interpenetrating network composite hydrogels with enhanced physicochemical properties and biological activity
Authors: Wu Ting , Liu Haiying , Wang Hongcai , Bu Yanan , Liu Jiayi , Chen Xiuqiong , Yan Huiqiong , Lin Qiang
Published: December 2023

Sodium alginate (SA) possesses good biocompatibility and can form hydrogel materials under certain conditions, which has been widely used in tissue engineering. However, the absence of cellular recognition sites and low mechanical strength for single‐component alginate (ALG) hydrogels limit their practical applications. Therefore, enhancing the shortcomings of ALG hydrogels and augmenting their characteristics hold immense importance for their medical uses. In this study, comprehensively considering the excellent properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and sericin (SS), the alginate/sericin/cellulose nanocrystalline (ALG/SS/CNCS) composite hydrogels were constructed by interpenetrating network (IPN) technique using hydroxyapatite/D‐glucono‐δ‐lactone (HAP/GDL) as the endogenous ionic cross‐linking agent of SA, 1‐ethyl‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N‐hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) as the chemical covalent cross‐linking agent of SS and CNCS as the reinforcing agent. The effects of SS and CNCs additions on the comprehensive properties of ALG/SS/CNCs composite hydrogels, such as their morphologies, structure, mechanical properties, swelling, degradability, and cytocompatibility were investigated. The findings indicated that the ALG/SS/CNCS IPN composite hydrogels which were created through the physical blending of SA and SS, displayed a consistent three‐dimensional form and a porous configuration. The weak mechanical strength of pure ALG hydrogels can be effectively improved and the swelling stability and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels can be enhanced through the construction of IPN network and the incorporation of CNCs, thanks to the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The biodegradability of ALG/SS/CNCS composite hydrogels increased as the SS content increased, indicating that SS facilitated their biomineralization due to its inherent susceptibility to degradation. The results of the cell compatibility test conducted in a laboratory setting showed that SS and CNCS had the ability to enhance the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells on the ALG/SS/CNCS composite hydrogels. Hence, incorporating SS and CNCS into the alginate matrix to create IPN composite hydrogels could significantly enhance the physicochemical and biological characteristics of ALG hydrogels, thus rendering them appropriate for tissue engineering purposes.
Energy storage density and efficiency of polyetherimide nanocomposites diminished by the temperature dependent charge hopping
Authors: Wang Poxin , Min Daomin , Wang Shihang , Zhang Yuanshuo , Liu Wenfeng , Wu Qingzhou
Published: December 2023

The utilization of renewable energies requires extensive use of energy storage equipment such as dielectric capacitor. Polyetherimide nanocomposites (PEI PNCs) have high energy storage performance, and become the next generation advanced dielectrics However, the quantitative relation between the charge transport and energy storage of PEI PNCs is not very clear, restricting further improvement of their performance. Considering the charge injection from electrodes and the charge hopping transport inside the dielectric, the energy storage and release model of capacitors was established. Firstly, the conductivities of PEI PNCs were simulated, and the charge transport parameters were determined by comparing with the experiments. Then, the electric displacement‐electric field (D‐E) loops of PEI PNCs were simulated, and the discharged energy density and energy efficiency were calculated from them. The simulation results are consistent with the experiments, and the quantitative relationship between charge injection and transport parameters and energy storage performance is established. In addition, it is found that the energy storage density and efficiency are diminished by the increase of hopping distance at high temperatures. Increasing the hopping barrier, reducing the hopping distance and its temperature dependence through nano‐doping can significantly improve the energy storage performance under high temperatures and high electric fields.
Pro‐aromatic Dihydroquinazolinones – From Multigram Synthesis to Reagents for Gram‐scale Metallaphotoredox Reactions
Authors: Tsai Zong‐Nan , Li Li‐Yun , Paculba Aira Shayne , Miñoza Shinje , Tsao Yong‐Ting , Lin Pei‐Shan , Liao Hsuan‐Hung
Published: December 2023

Dihydroquinazolinone (DHQZ) has recently been harnessed as a ketone‐derived pro‐aromatic reagent extensively employed in (metalla)photoredox reactions as versatile group transfer agents. In this work, we outline a column chromatography‐free protocol for the multigram‐scale synthesis of pro‐aromatic DHQZs as well as its use in a gram‐scale nickel/photoredox dual‐catalyzed cross‐coupling in single‐batch, photoflow, and simultaneous multiple smaller batches. While the single‐batch approach leveraged moderate yields, a simple plug‐flow photoreactor also exhibited amenable productivity (up to 45 % yield) despite the use of a heterogeneous base. Meanwhile, performing the metallaphotoredox‐catalyzed reaction in multiple smaller batches in an improvised photoreactor facilitated high yields of up to 59 % and good reproducibility, implying a convenient alternative in the absence of photoflow setups.
Biofuels, environment, and food security in Africa
Authors: Subramaniam Yogeeswari , Al‐Mulali Usama
Published: December 2023

In recent years global hunger has increased across the world. Africa is the main contributor to this and more people in Africa are affected by undernourishment. This issue is likely to be exacerbated by the rapid development of the biofuels industry across the globe. However, it would be very strange to conclude that the production of biofuels should be neglected given that biofuels are intended to preserve the quality of the environment. Hence, the objective of this study is to search for a win‐win solution between biofuels and food security. Dynamic generalized method of moments results indicate that biofuels will have a positive effect on food security if their production can also promote environmental quality, which is favorable to crop production. Thus, it indicates that the significant expansion and consumption of biofuels could contribute to increasing food security and sustaining environmental quality.
Usefulness of three vessel‐trachea view and parasagittal plan for prenatal diagnosis of interrupted aortic arch
Authors: Monteiro Sidonie , Cunha Ana , Sá Diogo Carvalho , Guedes‐Martins Luís
Published: December 2023

Background

Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by loss of continuity between the ascending and the descending aorta. Prenatal diagnosis of IAA by echocardiography is challenging but nonetheless can be accomplished via a systematization of cardiac fetal evaluation.

Case Presentation

We report a case of fetal IAA type A prenatally diagnosed through two‐dimensional echocardiography using both a three vessel‐trachea view and a sagittal view.

Conclusion

Prenatal counseling regarding the diagnosis and prognosis about this anomaly is still challenging nowadays due to associated anomalies/chromosomal abnormalities who may impact the prognosis. Fetal autopsy in all cases of pregnancy termination after abnormal ultrasound findings is important in order to make a full diagnosis and characterize the anomaly.
Students’ perceptions of online education: A session at the FAOBMB–IUBMB–CBSL virtual education symposium 2021
Authors: Doluweera Minul , Kirihene Kiriheneappuhamilage Don Harindu Kusaljith , Indika Neluwa‐Liyanage Ruwan , Sirisena Channa Nirmal , Jatunarachchi Asel Helitha , Chandrasena Uthkarsha , Dharmadasa Senumi Gihansa , Samaranayake Amali , Devendra Vonara Gatharie , Edirisinghe Vinudi Nimethma , Sugandhika Suresh Thusharie , Jayasena Sharmila , Yu Gracia Fe Budoy , Pastor Crist John , Thoradeniya Tharanga
Published: December 2023

The Federation of Asian and Oceanian Biochemists and Molecular Biologists (FAOBMB) and the College of Biochemists of Sri Lanka (CBSL) organized a virtual education symposium in 2021 funded by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB). The parallel session named “Students’ Perception” was attended by 188 participants from 11 countries. The main objectives of this session were to aggregate participants’ viewpoints on aspects of virtual education, including innovative strategies to enhance motivation and engagement of students, improving teacher–student and student–student interactions, managing stress, and virtual learning platforms. Data were collected via rapporteurs from multiple segments of the session including a mini‐introductory talk, poll, role play, and discussions about outstanding student experiences, types of virtual platforms, innovative methods of teaching, student motivation and stress management. The importance of student perception and issues like technological difficulties and the reluctance of students to engage were discussed. In addition to well‐established strategies such as using polls, chat box features, and discussions in breakout rooms, participants also proposed exciting learning methods to engage students such as quizzes, competitions and challenges, engagement of multiple sensory modalities, story‐based learning, and so forth. This report provides anecdotal evidence on pedagogies described in textbooks and also introduces new ideas based on this existing foundation. Future research should aim to harmonize virtual education with traditional classroom methods and explore innovative virtual tools like avatar‐based universities, virtual labs, and user‐friendly online assessment platforms. The results apply to all disciplines, and not exclusively to biochemistry and molecular biology (BMB).
Antidiabetic Potential of a Trimeric Anthranilic Acid Peptide Isolated from Malbranchea flocciformis
Authors: Rebollar‐Ramos Daniela , Ovalle‐Magallanes Berenice , Raja Huzefa A. , Jacome‐Rebollo Mariano , Figueroa Mario , Tovar‐Palacio Claudia , Noriega Lilia G. , Madariaga‐Mazón Abraham , Mata Rachel
Published: December 2023

Compound 3, a trimeric anthranilic acid peptide, and another three metabolites were isolated from an organic extract from the culture medium of Malbranchea flocciformis ATCC 34530. The chemical structure proposed previously for 3 was unequivocally assigned via synthesis and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Tripeptide 3 showed insulinotropic properties by decreasing the postprandial peak in healthy and hyperglycemic mice. It also increased glucose‐induced insulin secretion in INS‐1E at 5 μM, specifically at higher glucose concentrations. These results revealed that 3 might act as an insulin sensitizer and a non‐classical insulin secretagogue. Altogether, these findings are in harmony with the in vivo oral glucose tolerance test and acute oral hypoglycemic assay. Finally, the chemical composition of the extract was established by the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Network platform. Phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region revealed that M. flocciformis ATCC 34530 is related to the Malbrancheaceae.
The Guidelines for the Design and Synthesis of Transition Metal Atom Doped Carbon Dots
Authors: Gao Fucheng , Liu Jiamei , Tang Qunwei , Jiang Yanyan
Published: December 2023

Atoms doping is a practical approach to modulate the physicochemical properties of carbon dots (CDs) and thus has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Compared to non‐metal atoms, transition metal atoms (TMAs) possess more unoccupied orbitals and larger atomic radii. TMAs doping can significantly alter the electronic structure of CDs and bestow them with new intrinsic characteristics. TMAs‐doped CDs have exhibited widespread application potential as a new class of single‐atom‐based nanomaterials. However, challenges remain for the successful preparation and precise design of TMAs‐doped CDs. The key to successfully preparing TMA‐doped CDs lies in anchoring TMAs to the carbon precursors before the reaction. Herein, taking the formation mechanism of TMAs‐doped CDs as a starting point, we systematically summarized the ligands employed for synthesizing TMAs‐doped CDs and proposed the synthetic strategy involving multiple ligands. Additionally, we summarize the functional properties imparted to CDs by different TMA dopants to guide the design of TMA‐doped CDs with different functional characteristics. Finally, we describe the bottlenecks TMAs‐doped CDs face and provide an outlook on their future development.
Successful management of severe generalized tetanus in a 23‐year man with phenobarbital adjuvant: A case report
Authors: Ahmadi Arezoo , Karimpour‐Razkenari Elahe , Ansari Ramin , Marashi Mahforouzalsadat , Sharifnia Hamidreza , Najafi Atabak , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Generalized tetanus is still a global concern with a mortality rate of up to 50%, especially in low and middle‐income countries. We reported a 23‐year‐old man from Afghanistan admitted to emergency department, with the chief complaint of generalized severe spasms and lockjaw. The patient had skin lesions and had never been vaccinated against tetanus. He intubated and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with diagnose of severe generalized tetanus. After receiving tetanus immunoglobulin and intravenous metronidazole, a combination therapy of midazolam, propofol, atracurium, and morphine was administered. Due to the refractory muscular spasms intravenous phenobarbital started and little by little recovery was achieved. The patient receiving the first two doses of the Td vaccine, and discharged on Day 42 of hospitalization with no symptom recurrence. This case management showed adding phenobarbital to severe tetanus treatment regimen could significantly reduce refractory spasm caused by tetanus, also decrease other medication requirement.
Paget–Schroetter syndrome occurring in the nondominant hand
Authors: Fukushima Akina , Kobayashi Takaaki , Kuno Hayato , Hiroki Jiro , Yoshida Akihito
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Paget‐Schroetter syndrome is the primary thrombotic event associated with venous thoracic outlet syndrome. It needs to be suspected when encountering localized brachial swelling and a dilated vein in patients with a history of upper limb exercise.
A rare presentation of gastro‐pleural fistula after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, simultaneous fistula of gastric pouch, and remnant to the pleural space
Authors: Movahhed Ghasem Khalilian , Dalili Amin , Zandbaf Tooraj , Rezapanah Alireza , Jangjoo Ali , Seyfari Benyamin
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Although gastro‐pleural fistulas after bariatric surgeries are rare, they are life‐threatening complications that should be suspected in patients who present with gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms after bariatric surgery.

Previous studies showed an incidence rate of 0.2%–0.37% for gastro‐pleural fistulas after bariatric surgery. We report a 56‐year‐old female with a rare presentation of gastro‐pleural fistula after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, simultaneous fistula of the gastric pouch, and remnant to the pleural space.
Probing the Reactive Intermediates in CO2 Hydrogenation on Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts with Modulation Excitation Spectroscopy
Authors: Kock Mikkel , Kowalewski Emil , Iltsiou Dimitra , Mielby Jerrik , Kegnæs Søren
Published: December 2023

In‐situ infrared spectroscopy is one of the most effective methods to study the surface species on solid catalysts. Still, it is sometimes difficult to identify the reactive intermediates because spectator species, the catalyst support, and experimental noise also contribute to the total spectra. In this study, we prepared three archetypical Ni/Al2O3 catalysts that showed significantly different catalytic activity and selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation, depending on the calcination and reduction temperature. After detailed characterization, we used a combination of Modulation Excitation‐Phase Sensitive Detection‐Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ME‐PSD‐DRIFTS) and Steady State Isotopic Kinetic Analysis (SSITKA) to show that bicarbonates and formates are key reactive intermediates. Furthermore, we also observe carbonyls on the catalyst with the most metallic character and highest selectivity towards CH4. These results confirm that the hydrogenation of CO2 occurs in an associative and consecutive reaction pathway that is highly structure‐sensitive. In this way, we also demonstrate how the simultaneous collection of spectroscopic and kinetic data during modulated or transient experiments is a powerful tool for investigating solid catalysts under realistic operation conditions.
Constructing Lanthanide‐Organic Complexes for X‐ray Scintillation and Imaging
Authors: Lu Huangjie , Xu Miaomiao , Ma Jingqi , Yang Junpu , Bai Yaoyao , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Qian Junfeng , He Ming‐Yang , Wang Jian‐Qiang , Lin Jian
Published: December 2023

The photoluminescent properties of lanthanide complexes have been thoroughly investigated; however, there have been much fewer studies showcasing their potential use in ionizing radiation detection. In this work, we delve into the photo‐ and radio‐induced luminescence of a series of lanthanide‐bearing organic‐inorganic hybrids and their potential as a platform for X‐ray scintillation and imaging. The judicious synergy between lanthanide cations and 2,6‐di(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)isonicotinate (bppCOO−) ligands affords six new materials with three distinct structures. Notably, Eu‐bppCOO‐1 and Tb‐bppCOO‐2 display sharp fingerprint X‐ray‐excited luminescence (XEL), the intensities of which can be linearly correlated with the X‐ray dose rates over a broad dynamic range (0.007–4.55 mGy s−1). Moreover, the X‐ray sensing efficacies of Eu‐bppCOO‐1 and Tb‐bppCOO‐2 were evaluated, showing that Tb‐bppCOO‐2 features a lower detection limit of 4.06 μGy s−1 compared to 14.55 μGy s−1 of Eu‐bppCOO‐1. Given the higher X‐ray sensitivity and excellent radiation stability of Tb‐bppCOO‐2, we fabricated a flexible scintillator film for X‐ray imaging by embedding finely ground Tb‐bppCOO‐2 in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The resulting scintillator film can be utilized for high‐resolution X‐ray imaging with a spatial resolution of approximately 7 lp mm−1.
How customers' perceptions of innovation activities drive brand preference, purchase and recommendation: The moderating role of product category
Authors: Pham Thi Minh Ly , Tran Cong Duc , Trinh Thi Ha Huyen , Le Pham Tra Mi
Published: December 2023

This study investigated how innovation activities impact brand performance outcomes from the perspective of customer cognitive and affective mindsets. The collective findings from both Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), based on 372 customer responses, demonstrated that a combination of product, process, store, and marketing innovation activities produces optimal results in terms of customer‐based brand equity, subsequently influencing purchase and recommendation. Post‐hoc analysis revealed that perceived innovation activities exert a weaker influence on brand equity in high‐tech product categories (e.g., smartphones) compared to lower‐tech product categories (e.g., skin care products and apparel). This study confirmed that customers' perceptions of brand innovation activities result from both technological innovation (e.g., cutting‐edge offerings) and symbolic innovations (e.g., new marketing communications).