bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Dynamic Behavior: Reconstruction Trajectories Using CDRs
Authors: Behadili Suhad Faisal , Mohammed Ali Israa Abdulqasim
Published: July 2021

Investigating the human mobility patterns is a highly interesting field in the 21th century, and it takes vast attention from multi-disciplinary scientists in physics, economic, social, computer, engineering…etc. depending on the concept that relates between human mobility patterns and their communications. Hence, the necessity for a rich repository of data has emerged. Therefore, the most powerful solution is the usage of GSM network data, which gives millions of Call Details Records gained from urban regions. However, the available data still have shortcomings, because it gives only the indication of spatio-temporal data at only the moment of mobile communication activities. In this chapter, Gama platform development environment of constructing spatially multi agent simulation is used for modeling and simulating the individual reconstructed trajectories. As a result, the individual trajectories revealed the human daily life patterns.
Embedded System Improvement for Monitoring and Measuring Fuel Consumption System Automatically over Public IP
Authors: Al-Chalabi Sadeem Marouf M. , Al-Dhahiri Khalid Ahmed , Al-Chalabi Atheer Marouf M.
Published: July 2021

As usual, researches and knowledge are constantly evolving; these built prompts to more studies and researches in order to achieve the closest state of optimization. According to our previous (Reference 5). This proposal improves the algorithms by calibrate the flowmeter sensors (YF-S201) separately in order to reduce the manufacture error rate. In addition, a laser sensor (TF mini Lidar) were used instead of an ultrasonic sensor to measure the fuel volume of the main tank. In addition, four voltage sensors (AC type) and three clamp meters (model SCT- 013) were added to the system to indicate the electric in real-time. All these sensors are connected and controlled by two MEGA Arduino Microcontrollers and the information has been stored into the database that could be downloaded and displayed locally or remotely via internet as a Graphical User Interface (GUI) using Public IP.

This proposal found that the error rate of calculating the fuel consumed in the generator is (3.8%), this is more accurate by (90%) than previous one. The fuel in the main tank noticed that the accuracy is increased by (3.1%), as well; it produced more security for fuel from leakage or pilfering. The abnormal behaver of generator can be reached immediately by monitoring the voltage and ampere on real-time mode.
Tr-Rationally Closed Submodules and RCLS-Modules
Authors: Abd Al-Majeed Zahraa Moaed , Nayef Mahdi Saleh
Published: July 2021

: In this paper, we introduce two concepts. Firstly, the, concept of Tr-rationally closed,a sub module H is called Tr-rationally closed if W/H is Tr-torsion free. And second, the concept of Rcls-module, W is called Rcls-module if every Tr-rationally closed sub module in W is a direct summand. Several properties about these two concepts have been given. In addition, we discussed these notions with other related concepts.
Design and Implementation of 1.28 Tbps DWDM based RoF system with External Modulation and Dispersion Compensation Fiber
Authors: Mohsen D E , Hammadi A M , Alaskary A J
Published: July 2021

The improvement of 5G networks started in 2019 and is commonly accepted to bring changes not restricted to individuals’ day-by-day life. The interconnection between the nodes of 5G network is realized through the utilization of optical transceiver modules and optical fibers. The most interesting part in the 5G communication network is the communication between the Central Office (CO) and the Base Station (BS), which has been widely investigated by several researchers to enhance and optimize such network performance. As a result, in this paper we demonstrate, design and implemented a) based on Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM Radio over Fiber (RoF) system and by using the software of Optisystem 17.1 version. Such system is considered a 32X40 Gbps of data transmission for higher speed transmission system towards the Tera bit per second (Tbps) communication. The channels of 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 were selected as samples for the investigation. The performance analysis would be based on the parameters of the eye diagram, (Quality Factor) Q-factor and Min Bit Error Rate (BER) and for distances of 60, 120 and 180 km respectively. Analyzing results indicate a higher performance system toward the 1.28 Tbps of data rate transmission.
Wireless Optimization Algorithm for Multi-floor AP deployment using binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO)
Authors: Naif Omar S. , Mohammed Imad J.
Published: July 2021

Optimizing the Access Point (AP) deployment is of great importance in wireless applications owing the requirement to provide efficient and cost-effective communication. Highly targeted by many researchers and academic industries, Quality of Service (QOS) is an important primary parameter and objective in mind along with AP placement and overall publishing cost. This study proposes and investigates a multi-level optimization algorithm based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO). It aims to an optimal multi-floor AP placement with effective coverage that makes it more capable of supporting QOS and cost effectiveness. Five pairs (coverage, AP placement) of weights, signal thresholds, and Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements simulated with Wireless Insite (WI) software were considered to work in conjunction with the proposed optimization algorithm. Additionally, the AP deployment results obtained from WI and optimization will be compared with the simulation results of the current AP diffusion within the target building. These comparisons will be based on the most important RSS parameters, path loss (PL) and interference. The comparison results showed a significant improvement in RSS and path loss values of (-11.55) dBm and (11.55) dBm. While the interferences are decreased by (7.87 %). Furthermore, the result of performance analysis showed that the proposed algorithm outperforms the current AP deployment by 39.23% in coverage ratio.
T-Small Quasi-Dedekind modules
Authors: Dheyab Anfal Hasan , Kadhim Suad Naji , Hussain Mukdad Qaess
Published: July 2021

Let Q be a left Module over a ring with identity ℝ. In this paper, we introduced the concept of T-small Quasi-Dedekind Modules as follows, An R-module Q is T-small quasi-Dedekind Module if,

∀

w

∈
E
n

d
R

(
Q
)
,

w
≠
0

then Ker w ≪T Q. Also, we illustrate it by examples and give basic properties.
Evaluation of Entrance Surface Air Kerma in Patients During PA Chest Radiography Using CALDose Program in Al Najaf Governorate Hospitals
Authors: Ali Mraity Hussien Abid , Al Aseebee Mustafa Kadhum
Published: July 2021

Due to its value in providing diagnostic information, large Figure of chest X-rays conducted everywhere. This therefore necessitate assessing patients’ dose to avoid any potential harm. This work is aimed at evaluating the Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) for adult patients undergoing chest radiographic examination (posterior - anterior (PA)) in Al Najaf (Iraq). The ESAK were evaluated for 186 patients utilizing CALDose program. The tube output measurements were carried out using Rad-Check dosimeter. Patient demographic data was also recorded (height and weight). Nine X-ray units were considered in this research (i.e. Al-Furat hospital (AFH), Al Sajad General Hospital (ASGH), Al-Hakeem hospital (AHH), Al-Zahra hospital (AZH), Al-Sadder hospital (ASH), Al Hydria General Hospital (AHGH), Middle Euphrates cancer center (MECC), Al Manzrah General Hospitals (AMGH) and Al Mishkhab Hospital (AMH)). The resulted data revealed that the ESAK for the considered hospitals AFH, ASH, ASGH, AHH, AZH, AHGH, MECC, AMGH and AMH are 0.67, 0.069, 0.59, 0.05, 0.79, 0.76, 0.48, 0.21 and 0.18, respectively with an overall average of 0.425 ± (0.299) mGy. In AZH, the ESAK was generally higher than those of other X-ray units of this study. Finally, performing a regular quality control (QC) checking with dose audit is largely advised
Introducing two Mathematical Models using Data Functional Approximation to Determine the Shadow Angles and Lengths in North of Baghdad City
Authors: Salman N M , Al-Zuky A A , Mohamad Haidar J , Kafi S H , Al-Saleh A H
Published: July 2021

In this study, two models are presented to estimate a shadow angle and length of an object located outdoor during daytime. A stick, with 50 cm length and diameter 1 cm, used to measure the shadow angle and length from 9 am to 3 pm for 1st, 11th, 12th, 21st, 22nd, and 31st of August, 1st, 11th, 12th, 21st, 22nd, and 30th of September, 11th, 12th, 25th, 26th, and 31st of October, 8th, 16th, 17th, 25th, 26th, and 30th of November, 1st, 16th, 17th, 22nd, and 23rd December 2019. The introduced model’s results, for shadow angles and shadow lengths, show good agreement with the real data. The Normalize mean square error (NMSE) criterion used to measure the quality matching between the real and modeled data. The highest value of NMSE between the real and result shadow angles and shadow length from model is 0.006% and 0.003% respectively.
The Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma on the Topographical and Optical Constants of Cd Doped ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Mishjil Khudheir A , Abdulsada Ali H , Rashid Hayfa G , Murbat Hamid H , Habubi Nadir F
Published: July 2021

Nanostructured ZnO and Cd doped ZnO were deposited employing spray pyrolysis technique. Atomic force microscope and double beam spectrophotometer were utilized to study the influence of non-thermal plasma on topographical and some optical constants. AFM results indicate that the average diameter was 43.4-68.81 nm before exposure and their values was slightly influenced by exposure to plasma to be 42.74-69.25 nm and all the result indicate the deposited films have a nanostructure. Surface roughness Ra and root mean square roughness Rrms were in the ambit of (2.09-5.3 nm), (2.43-6.12 nm) before exposure to plasma, while their values were in the ambit of (2.09-5.3 nm),(2.58-10.3 nm) after the influence of plasma. Optical constants such as absorbance was increased with the increment of Cd content, the same trend was noticed after exposure to non thermal plasma. High absorbance was seen near 400 nm. Whereas extinction coefficient,refractive index show a decrement with the increment of Cd content before and after exposure to plasma. Reflectance also offers the same trend of the above optical constants, a comparatively low reflectance is shown for the pure ZnO thin films before and after exposure Finally, all the studied parameters were influenced by plasma exposure.
Reliability Estimation of a Component exposed to k Stresses for Gompertz-Frechet distribution
Authors: Jabr Sarah A. , Karam Nada S.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the reliability of the stress-strength model is derived for probability p (max (Y1,Y2,…, >,Yk) < X ) of a component having its strength X exposed to k independent stresses (Y-1,Y2,…,Yk) and also as a special case k=2. when X and Y1,Y2,…,Yk flowing Gompertz-Fréchet distribution with unknown shape parameters θ,λ and known parameters α,β,γ. Different methods used to estimate reliability R and Gompertz-Fréchet distribution parameters which are Maximum Likelihood, Least square, Weighted Least square, Regression and Ranked set sampling methods, and the comparison between these estimators by simulation study based on mean square error criteria (MSE). The comparison confirms that the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator works better than the other estimators.
Bayesian Estimation of Stress-Strength P(T < X < Z) for Dagum Distribution
Authors: Attia Ali Mutair , Sabah Karam Nada
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the reliability formula is derived for the stress-strength model of the probability P(T < X < Z) for a component’s strength X falling between two stresses T and Z, based on Dagum Distribution with unknown parameter β and known and common parameters λ and δ. Bayesian estimation is discussed to estimate the reliability under complete data by using Gamma prior based on two loss function (weighted and quadratic loss functions), and the comparison between these estimators based on a simulation study using mean square error criteria (MSE) for each of the small, medium and large samples. The most important conclusion is that this comparison confirms that the performance of the estimator according to the weighted loss function works better for the most experiments studied.
Properties and Biomedical Applications of Hydrothermal method Synthesized of Vanadium Oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Altimime Saif , Mohammed Sundus Q. , Hassoni Majid H. , Abd Ahmed N.
Published: July 2021

Vanadium oxide thin films were successfully prepared hydrothermally and deposited on a substrate using the drop casting method. Analytical techniques such as XRD, AFM, (SEM) analyses, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), PL, and FTIR measurements were used to confirm the characterization of the prepared vanadium oxide NPs. The XRD measurements show that the VO2 thin film was polycrystalline, with a (monoclinic) phase and crystallite size calculated using Scherrer’s equation, as well as dislocation density and microstrain. The optical properties show that the energy gap (4.49) eV, and depending on PL, a single sharp emission peak was found at location 350 nm (3.54 eV). The Antibacterial activity of the vanadium oxide nanoparticles were investigated, with inhibition zone Escherichia coli (17) mm, Staphylococcus aureus 20 mm, Bacillus subtilis 18 mm, and Klebsiella pneumonia 19 mm and Candida isolates 15 mm. The study confirms that the prepared VO2 samples can be used as an antibacterial agent. The results suggest that proper tuning can make them a good antimicrobial agent.
An Evolutionary Algorithm for Task scheduling Problem in the Cloud-Fog environment
Authors: Abdulredha Mohammed Najm , Attea Bara’a A. , Jabir Adnan Jumaa
Published: July 2021

The rapid and enormous growth of the Internet of Things, as well as its widespread adoption, has resulted in the production of massive quantities of data that must be processed and sent to the cloud, but the delay in processing the data and the time it takes to send it to the cloud has resulted in the emergence of fog, a new generation of cloud in which the fog serves as an extension of cloud services at the edge of the network, reducing latency and traffic. The distribution of computational resources to minimize makespan and running costs is one of the disadvantages of fog computing. This paper provides a new approach for improving the task scheduling problem in a Cloud-Fog environment in terms of execution time(makespan) and operating costs for Bag-of-Tasks applications. A task scheduling evolutionary algorithm has been proposed. A single custom representation of the problem and a uniform intersection are built for the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the individual initialization and perturbation operators (crossover and mutation) were created to resolve the inapplicability of any solution found or reached by the proposed evolutionary algorithm. The proposed ETS (Evolutionary Task Scheduling algorithm) algorithm was evaluated on 11 datasets of varying size in a number of tasks. The ETS outperformed the Bee Life (BLA), Modified Particle Swarm (MPSO), and RR algorithms in terms of Makespan and operating costs, according to the results of the experiments.
Machine Learning Challenges for IoT Device Fingerprints Identification
Authors: Ferman Vian Adnan , Ali Tawfeeq Mohammed
Published: July 2021

The dramatic growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in recent years increases the IoT networks’ vulnerabilities and introduces new challenges among machine learning (ML) algorithms to detect the networked devices. The creation of a Device Fingerprint (DFP) may depend on extracting the network traffic features related to the device except for the identities assigned to it. In this paper, Device Fingerprints for 20 IoT devices are created by extracting 30 features during startup operation. Wireshark Network Protocol Analyzer is used to collect network traffic of 8 home IoT devices, meanwhile the traffics of the remaining devices are taken from the captures_IoT-Sentinel publicly available dataset. Four supervised machine learning algorithms were applied and tested to detect authorized devices and isolate unknown devices, namely: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Ensemble Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC). Random Forest model and Gradient Boosting Classifier both showed better results of about 98.8% as an average of overall accuracy with less difference comparing with the accuracy of Decision Tree. Voting classifier was applied using the three estimators that resulted in high accuracy (DT, RF, and GBC) and achieving 99.5% as an average of overall accuracy.
Temperature dependence of electrical and optical characteristics of InAsP laser diode
Authors: Karomi Ivan B. , Kassim Yasir Y. , Salih Hisham A. , Al-Ghamdi Mohammed S.
Published: July 2021

In this article, we report experimental investigations on the current-voltage (I-V) and the current-power (I-P) characteristics of 3mm cavity length InAsP/GaAs QD laser diode emitting at 773nm over a wide temperature range of 150-400 K. The results of the (I-V-T) measurements showed a decrease in the turn-on-voltage of the sample by (-3.52 mV/K) as well as a decrease in the dynamic resistance by (-4.9 mΩ/K). Conversely, the (I-P-T) measurements strongly exhibited the temperature dependence of the threshold current density above 300 K, whilst the characteristic temperature (T0) of the laser diode was calculated to be between 250 - 370 K as (To= 70.4 K). Moreover, the external deferential quantum efficiency (

η
d

e
x
t

) decreases by (- 0.14%/K) from 190 to 300 K. The increases in

η
d

e
x
t

of above 300 K, was observed. This opens the door for further investigations in this material such as carrier distribution and gain measurements.
Exponential-Generalizing Uniform Distribution Using the Quantile Function (E-GUQD)
Authors: Hussein S. R. , Al-Kadim K. Ab
Published: July 2021

Our study suggested a new distribution through the use of the cum. dis. function for the exp. dis., as well as the cum. dis. function for the uni. dis. in addition to the quantitative function of the unified generalization using the quantitative function. Therefore it is covered different mathematical and statistical properties .of this distribution.
Effect of ultrasonic technology on cellulase enzyme activity produced by local bacterial isolate
Authors: Atiya Soad A , Gatea Iman H , Abdulla Khalid J
Published: July 2021

The research aimed to obtain new bacterial isolate producing cellulase enzyme, and ultrasonic effect on enzyme activity. Three bacterial isolates were isolated from different agricultural wastes samples. Their effectiveness in cellulolytic was detected by measurement of the clear zone diameter around bacterial growth. The enzyme was extracted after the growtht of local bacterial isolate which has highest enzyme activity. The enzyme was exposed to ultrasound intensity of 40 KH, low, medium and high power, and exposure time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60) min, enzymatic activity was measured after each treatment compared with control. It was found at low level that an increase in the cellulase activity with increased ultrasonic exposure time, the higher activity at 60(min). The effect of ultrasonic treatment at mid-level, showed higher activity at 20 (min), while at high level the activity decrease with exposure time when compared with control. Protein concentration was estimated, there was no significant difference on protein content after ultrasonic treatment in samples at (10, 20, 30, 40) min while decrease in protein content in samples at (50, 60) min, compared with with control.
Characterization study of Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor Based on Fabry-Perot Interferometer
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Nisreen , Kadhim Shehab A. , Naseef Intisar A.
Published: July 2021

In this work, an optical fiber refractive index sensor based on the Fabry-Perot interferometer technique is submitted. Single-mode fibers with different diameters (125, 60, and 50) μm were used. The chemical etching technique is used to reduce the fiber diameters. The sensor heads were immersed into liquids of different refractive indices. Two types of liquids were tested, salty and sugary liquids with different refractive indices. From the obtained results all the sensors have a high linearity and good wavelength and intensity sensitivity. For all tested sensors, the wavelength sensitivity was higher for sensors immersed in salty liquids. The sensitivity is 34338 pm/RIU for sensors with a diameter of 50 μm. The response of changing the intensity is also observed the higher intensity sensitivity is 1116.859 μW/RIU for sensors with a diameter of 125 μm immersed into sugary liquids.
Effect of mixed ZnO/CuO nanoparticles on the structural, morphological, and topographical properties
Authors: Al-Khezraji Aous A.R. , Abd Ali Hanan R. , Yousif Ali A. , Abed Husam R.
Published: July 2021

In the present work, pure and composite ZnO/CuO were effectively deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis. Structural, morphological, and topographical features have been well investigated and explained. XRD analysis showed a polycrystalline structure with hexagonal and monoclinic systems for ZnO and CuO, respectively. The crystal size that calculated from XRD patterns has decreased with the increase of CuO content, while the dislocation density and the micro strain have increased. These results lead to high defects in the structure of the nanocomposite which will be more efficient in a specific application. Moreover, the morphology of the samples was examined by FESEM and it was spherical-like shapes and has elevated points, whereas the EDX confirm the existence of the employed materials without any other undesired materials. The topography of the surface depicted a slightly rough surface which will be suitable for different nanoelectronics devices.
Modify of Electronic Properties for Carbon Nanoribbon due to Effect Different Donors and Acceptors
Authors: Moslem Rabab Abdulzahrah , Al Shareefi Nidhal Mohammed , Abbood Hamid Ibrahim
Published: July 2021

.Present work focuses on modify of the electronic properties of CNR by adding different donors and acceptors to the ribbon. The result showed the carbon nanoribbon structure has small energy gap, it less than 1 eV. The effect of adding donors and acceptors molecules to the ribbon leads to slightly decreasing the separation between valence and conduction band in the ribbon that dependent on the type of both donors and acceptors. The calculation of global quantum parameter the electronic softness for the CNR was increased due to adding the donors and acceptors molecules in the ribbon. Also, the charge was dragged towards the areas of high negativity in CNR2 and CNR3 due to presence nitrogen and oxygen atoms in these structures instead of symmetrical distribution for electronic charges in CNR due to periodically distribution of carbon atoms in the CNR1, this modify of the electronic properties of CNR and give it to play a significant role in many electronic applications in charge transfer with other surrounding species.
Design a Fractional Chaotic Logistic Dynamical System
Authors: Bagheedh Adil K , Abid Salah H , Mehdi Sadiq A
Published: July 2021

In the present article, a new procedure to design a continuous fractional chaotic dynamical system with delay time from a logistic map by using sampled data representation of continuous time Caputo fractional models. An exact expression for the solution of the constructed method is found. In addition, the latest chaotic attractor that results is seen. Finally, using the MATLAB software, all theoretical results were numerically confirmed in this study.
Fuzzy Homotopy Analysis Method For Solving Fuzzy Riccati Differential Equation
Authors: Sabr Hadeer A , Abood Basim N , Suhhiem Mazin H
Published: July 2021

In this work, we have used fuzzy homotopy analysis method to find the fuzzy series solution (fuzzy semi-analytical solution) of the first order fuzzy Riccati differential equation. The fuzzy approximate-analytical solutions that we obtained during this paper are accurate solutions and very close to the fuzzy exact-analytical solutions. Some numerical results are given to illustrate the method. The obtained numerical results are compared with the exact solutions.
The numerical Calculations of Single-Diode Solar Cell Modeling Parameters
Authors: Rasheed Mohammed , Nuhad Al-Darraji Mustafa , Shihab Suha , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we suggest and analyze two algorithms; a new Inverse Quadratic Interpolation and Illinois for solving nonlinear equation of a solar cell single diode type with initial value x0and load resistance R varies from 1 to 5 Ω is implemented in MATLAB program. Using five numerical testes examples, the results secured reveal that the suggested algorithm has lesser iterations than the other method (Illinois method), so the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is the best.
Controlling a chaotic anti-synchronized oscillator by a phase interplayed optical injected seed with an FBG sensor
Authors: Hemed Ayser A. , Rashid Ghayib Zainab , Ghazi Rashid Hayfa
Published: July 2021

In this simmulation study, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is used to partially separat a signal emitted from a laser diode (LD1), which is originally modulated with a noise source. Separation done into two parts; reflected, in which a phase is interpayed (similarly to Michelson interferometry) in order to make it differ than that passed without reflection. The two separated signals, remixed agin with themselves and additionally add to a third signal came from second laser diode (LD2), which is also modulated with a noise source furthermore to a frequency message. Output signal resulted from this interferometry, originally based on two self electro optic effect devices (seed) undergoes external optical injection. Thus these two osillators followes anti-synchronization within their emission. Observation and analyses was based on detremination for their final output spectra from periodic to chaotic. FBG sensor used in this experiment is play a role of temperature (T) and/or Stress (S) controlling to the incident signal for LD1.

Results shows that LD1 signal cannot modify output final signal, unless several parameters are carfuley tuned. These parameters are; LD1 seed, LD2 seed, LD1 phase (filtering with FBG). These results approves noval application for operating sensors in parallel to optical communications in order to satisfy the application of high level security with two antisynchronized lasers within one chaotic transmitter.
Early Esophageal Cancer detection using Deep learning Techniques. (Review Article)
Authors: Thamir Noor N. , Mohammed Faisel G.
Published: July 2021

Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest diseases for humans, since it is discovered in very advanced stages. As result, pathologists are increasingly relying in image recognition and artificial intelligence tools to aid in the early identification and evaluation of this lesion. We examined a number of papers that dealt with this issue during the time span in order to shed light on the studies that were performed in this area (2017 and 2020). We have looked at experiments that used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technologies in the study of endoscopic images to help with early detection or diagnosis of esophageal cancer and its various forms. More research on esophageal malignant growth is required, as well as improving the disease’s indicative existence and employing more proven techniques for feature selection/extraction of endoscopic images. The aim of this review is to highlight the research conducted on endoscopic images of the esophagus using deep learning algorithms, including CNN, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forests (RF) and other techniques that were used to design the Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) system. In this review we covered some but not all articles that was of great contact with our master’s thesis research in this regard.
J-Small Semiprime Submodules
Authors: Al-Mothafar Nuhad S. , Al-Shibani Rafid M
Published: July 2021

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and Y be an unitary R-module. We say a non-zero submodule s of Y is a J – small semiprime if and only if for whenever i ∈ R, y ∈ Y,(Y) is small in Y and i2y ∈ S + Rad (Y) implies iy ∈ S. In this paper, we investigate some properties and characterizations of these class of submodules
Proposed Ranking Function to Solve the Fuzzy Project Management and Network Problem
Authors: Abbass Huda Fadhil , Al-Kanani Idean Hassan
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we create a relationship between network model and project management by using data of cost to the residential project. we solved these data by using the crisp network method(real data). After that, by using the same data we convert it to fuzzy data then the fuzzy data tested by trapezoidal membership function to be sure its belong to the duration [0,1], Proposed ranking function had solved the fuzzy network problem to the fuzzy data.
Estimation of monthly average daily of the global solar radiation using the linear regression algorithm
Authors: Hadi Hussein H.
Published: July 2021

Solar radiation is the backbone for the existence of life on the earth. Its measurement is too expensive. Therefore, it has been great importance to propose an efficient method to use as a solar predictor based on other more readily available meteorological data. In this study, Linear regression method has been applied in two locations that have two different climates in Egypt, location A that has a coastal climate on the Mediterranean coast and location B that has a dry desert climate, using three weather vectors (minimum, maximum and average) of temperature values. The performance of the linear regression models provides better predictions for global solar radiation (GSRa) at different locations. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = (2.7716 and 2.9392) MJ m−2 with Relative Root Mean Square Error (rRMSE) = (14.5962 and 14.0861) % in location A and B respectively. The accurate prediction results of the GSRa using this approach can be employed in the various purposes of the solar applications.
Smart System for Detecting the Entry of Authority People in the Security Facilities Based IoT using SURF Recognition and Viola-Jones Algorithms
Authors: Hussien Nadia Mahmood , Meteab Al-Obaidi Mohanad Ali , Abtan Rasha Awad , Al-Saleh Anwar H. , Al-Zuky Ali Abid D
Published: July 2021

Modern security systems are beginning using advanced technologies to detect any security breaches via a combination of devices, programming methods and notify security personnel of monitoring of any security breach, starting with people entering the building, ending with monitor the electronic archive in computers, monitor employees-customers calls, and banking accounts. Which consists of two stages, as the first stage relates to building an Arduino system to detect employees entering the building using the Arduino UNO, passive infrared sensor (PIR) hardware then requesting from the employee to go to the security audit platform to compare the face image with the database images using the viola-jones algorithm facial recognition program based on SURF algorithm. If the image is identical, he is allowed to enter and if the face image does not match the set of images in data set, he is asked to wait in the queries office. Also, the system can send all data to the central security authority with the date and times of entry for persons through the WhatsApp using Twilio IoT application.
Calculation of ensquared energy of the diffraction-limited optical system with Higher-order parabolic filter
Authors: Qasim Nada , Karam Ghada S. , Al-Hamadani Ali H. , Haleot Rafid A. , Abood Ziad M.
Published: July 2021

Mathematical properties of the ensquared energy functions for apodized point-spread function (PSF) are presented. An expression of ensquared energy for the apodized point Spread function of the optical system with a circular aperture was derived using a parabolic apodized filter with a different arrangement N =1, 2,3,4. The results obtained were discussed graphically.
Good Characteristics of The New Spectral Conjugate Gradient Method for Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: Sheekoo Ahmed Hussien , Al-Naemi Ghada M.
Published: July 2021

The spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) method is an effective method to solve large-scale nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems. In this work, we propose a new SCG method in which performance is numerically analyzed. We established the descent property and global convergence conditions based on assumptions through the strongWolfe-Powell line search. Numerical results were performed using benchmark functions widely used in many conventional functions to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method.

Subject Classification: 90C30, 90C06, 65K05, 65K10.
The Novel Refractive Index for Optical Coating Applications
Authors: Ali Rand H , Aadim Kadhim A , Abd Algaffar Alaa N
Published: July 2021

In this work, an attempt to produce a novel refractive index using mixing dielectric material. Composed of ZnS and MgF2 with a different concentrate ratio using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The effect of shots and energy were studied. Resulting indicate that flexibility refractive indexes can be obtained with optimum optical performance for optical coating application.
Even Power Weighted Generalized Exponential Distribution
Authors: Mutlk Rana Hadi , Al-Dubaicy Awatif Rezzoky
Published: July 2021

In this search, derivation a new even-power weighted generalized Exponential distributions with some statistical properties are discussed, such as [cumulative dist, probability generating function, moment generating function, reliability, and Entropy functions] and other properties The scale parameter for this dist. has been estimated, using two methods, [method of moment and maximum likelihood].and simulation study has been to compare by MSE criteria, for the performance of the two estimation.
Construction and spectral characterization of the gliding arc reverse vortex flow plasma system at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Lazem Farah A. , Humud Hammad R. , Alwazzan Mohammed J.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a low-cost reverse-gliding arc three-dimensional reactor with local materials and a homemade voltage source was proposed. This system works by pumping out argon gas while mixing in atmospheric air. The spectral properties of the resulting arc were investigated, as well as the calculation of electron temperature and density. The process of mixing air with argon gas is a novel method for obtaining nitrogen gas at a low cost and with ease of access. Nitrogen gas has numerous applications, and the findings are promising for future applications.
Mathematical Model of the Effect of Hyphal Death on T-W Types of fungi with Energy
Authors: Jafaar Zainab , Shuaa Ali Hussein
Published: July 2021

The mathematical model is model show behavior for growth of Tip-tip anastomosis, Tip death hyphal death and we show the consumption energy. In general, To mathematical modeling to shorten the effort, time and mony to get the right result even though there is error ratio. In this paper we will study a mathematical model of branching using the solution of a system of partial equations (PDEs). The results of this solution will be describe a success or failure of the growth of the fungus species studied, and we used some codes in numerical analysis because some difficulty in direct mathematical solution.[2]
Mathematical Model of Tip-hypha Anastomosis and Dichotomous Branching with Hyphal Death
Authors: Ajme Gufran Moneam , Shuaa Ali Hussein
Published: July 2021

In this paper, We studied the case of growth of kinds of fungi when blend two kinds of hyphal anastomosis and Dichotomous branched with a hyphal death. These species consume all energy. We use mathematical models as partial differential equations (PDEs) which illustrate phenomena biological for each kind. we need Some time, that’s true for the growth of fungi. To get an approximate solution for this system, we will rely on the numerical solution. For this, we need Some of the steps in this solution are stationary, phase, and traveling states Solution And to determine the initial condition. we will use the code and Thus we recognize the behavior of the kinds.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial activity of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) Derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa a plant and CuCl
Authors: Ali Ehab Mohammed , Rasool Khetam H. , Abad Wedian K. , Abd Ahmed N.
Published: July 2021

This study was the synthesis of CuO NPs) using Hibiscus sabdariffa plant extracts and CuCl. Copper Oxide CuO prepared by simple a chemical method. Analytical techniques such as Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), XRD and SEM (XRD analyses confirmed the characterization of the prepared CuO NPs. (XRD) measurements that the (CuO) thin film was poly-crystalline and there is no trace of the other material. Crystallite sizes 18.99nm calculated using the Scherrer’s equation. SEM was used to estimate the average diameter CuO NPs was less than 100 nm. From the optical properties the energy gap was 5eV. This study focused on effect of CuO on the Antifungal and different type of bacterial. CuO had an inhibitory effect against fungal more than bacterial
Frequency Domain for Color Image Authentication Proofing
Authors: Gaid Sabah Karri , Jabbar Khalid Kadhim
Published: July 2021

Digital watermarking is the process of embedding data known as a watermark into a multimedia object so that the watermark can later be identified or recovered to claim its object. The use of an embedded watermark would enable the owner of the work hardware to be identified. In the proposed method the Particle-Swarm-Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been applied to embed a binary watermark bit in the optimal color sub-bands, resulting in a less extreme value after the PSO point. The embedding level, which uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to embed binary bits in the resulted image in the low-frequency domain, must be able to withstand intended attacks while maintaining high quality, as well as assess image authentication and localize tampering areas (s). Various consistency metrics and watermark removal attacks are used to evaluate the algorithm in an experimental environment. The results show that the model can support imperceptible watermarking as well as high attack resistance.
Predicting the knowledge flow of social networks based on machine learning
Authors: Radhi Muhi Saadi , Aghaei Mohammadreza Soltan
Published: July 2021

Predicting the release of information deals with the path of publishing a news or information or topic in a structural data such as a graph. Researchers in this field seek to solve the following questions by providing methods for predicting the path of publication: 1-Which information or topics that are most common, 2-Why, how and in what Information path will be published and will be published in the future? And 3-Which network member has an important role in the dissemination process? Machine learning is an area which has been very helpful recently in order to answer such questions. Machine learning as an artificial intelligence subset presents so acceptable to predict the dissemination of information. Since predicting novel users who are in information flow is the process of diagnostic, the issue is able to be solved by the algorithms of Machine learning.
Automatic COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis from x-ray lung image: A Deep Feature and Machine Learning Solution
Authors: Ahmed M. A. , Al-qaysi Z.T. , Shuwandy Moceheb Lazam , Salih Mahmood Maher , Ali Majid Hamid
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 was announced after unidentified pneumonia was discovered in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread around the world (COVID-19). This outbreak has claimed the lives of so many people. It has a long-term negative impact on public health. The goal of this study is to develop an intelligent computer-aided system that can detect positive COVID-19 cases automatically, which can help with daily medical problems. The proposed system is based on the convolution neural network (CNN) architecture and can automatically expose discriminative features on chest X-ray images due to its convolution with rich filter families and weight-sharing characteristics. As a deep feature extractor, the CNN model SqueezeNet was used. The extracted deep discriminative features were fed machine Decision Tree, Random Forest, Neural Network (NN), Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and k-nearest neighbor learning algorithms. As a result, the NN classifier with an accuracy of 97.24 per cent, a sensitivity of 0.9724, a specificity of 0.9858, and an F-score of 0.972 provided the most effective results. The high detection performance obtained in this study demonstrates the utility of deep CNN features and an NN classifier approach for detecting COVID-19 cases in CXR images. With the current resources, this would be hugely beneficial in speeding up disease diagnosis.
On Z-Radical of Modules and Z-Lifting modules
Authors: Hamad Amina T , Elewi Alaa A
Published: July 2021

Inthis paper, Z-Radical of module and Z-Lifting module and Z-local module are defined as ageneralization of radical of module and lifting module and local module. Where anR-module E has amaxima submodule define

R
a
d

(

E

)
=
∩
{

N

<

E

:

N

i
s

m
a
x
i
m
a
l

w
i
t
h

N

⊇

Z

2

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E

)
}

z

. An R-module E iscalled Z-lifting if forany submodule N of E, there exists submodules X, H of E suchthat E = X⨁H with X ≤ N and N ∩ H «z
N. anR-module ग iscalled Z-local if

R
a
d

(

E

)

≪
z

E

z

and

R
a
d

(

E

)

z

is maximal. Several properties of these modules are proved.
Study of the temperature and electron density of the cadmium sulfide plasma produced by the exploding wire technique using optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Abed Haneen T. , Humud Hammad R.
Published: July 2021

The current study was conducted to reveal the most important parameters of the plasma which are the temperature and density of the electron, the plasma response, the Debye length and the number of particles inside the Debye sphere of the cadmium sulfide by a spectrometer. The results of the electron temperature (Te) and the electron density (ne) were discussed. The results of the cadmium sulfide plasma were discussed. It is generated by using the explosive wire and with different currents.
Study of Colorimetric properties of Ethidium bromide dye-doped PVP/DNA film
Authors: Badran Hussain Ali , Bader Sattar Jabbar , Fakher Alfahed R. K. , Saleh Noor Al-Huda
Published: July 2021

The effects of deoxyribonucleic acid (biological polymer DNA) on full brightness, and color matching functions of Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films were studied. Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by the deep casting method. The variation of CIE chromaticity coordinates for PVP/DNA films with increasing Ethidium bromide dye concentration values are determined. The CIE 1931 color space move to the magenta region. The results indicate that Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films have potential promising material for optical device applications and candidates used for LEDs pumped by UV chips and applied in many advanced technologies.
Convergence Rate For Low-Pass Infinite Impulse Response Digital Filter
Authors: Alsahlanee Abbas T
Published: July 2021

The hybrid optimization technique is used to design a low-pass infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filter, to improve the coefficients of adaptive IIR digital filter, thus ensure stability. In this paper, the newly technique of hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. This technique is a dynamic and static topology with a PSO algorithm, which called dynamic and static PSO (DS-PSO) algorithm. In the simulation, the low-pass IIR digital filter 8th order is designed. The fitness function problem is discussed based on values of the ripple of the passband, a ripple of the stopband, and a transition band. Thus, the proposed algorithm results are compared with previous studies results. From results comparison, results have shown the convergence rate with the DS-PSO algorithm outperformed the convergence rates using fuzzy gravitational search algorithm (FGSA), gravitational search algorithm (GSA), and differential evolution (DE) with mean values of 55.21%, 57.80%, and 70.40%, respectively.
The Development of interfaces in a Parabolic p-Laplacian type diffusion equation with weak convection
Authors: Aal-Rkhais Habeeb A. , Qasim Ruba H.
Published: July 2021

This work has the objective to analyse the initial growth of interface and structure of nonnegative weak solution for one-dimensional parabolic p-Laplacian type diffusion-convection with non-positive convection coefficient c. In this situation, the interfaces may expand, shrink or remain stationary relying on the competition between these two factors. In this paper, we concentrate on three regions to classify the behavior of local solutions near the asymptotic interface in the irregular domain. In the first and second regions, the slow diffusion dominates over the convection term with expanding interfaces under some restrictions. In the third region, the slow diffusion dominates over the convection, but the interfaces have a waiting time. In our proof, the rescaling method and blow-up techniques are applied.
Study of the Blood Flow average for Atherosclerosis using Ultrasound Doppler shift
Authors: Nabaa Q A , Mariam M A
Published: July 2021

Atherosclerosis is a condition that affects the walls of arteries repeatedly; blood vessel blockage caused by atherosclerosis is a frequent cause of heart attack and stroke. The use of Doppler change, a recent advancement in ultrasound technology, would improve its function by improving accuracy. Blood flow measurement is crucial because it can aid in the early detection of many diseases. One of these diseases is atherosclerosis, which has been researched using the ultrasound Doppler scattering method to measure blood flow average velocity in the dorsal artery of the foot. The study’s findings revealed that age and diabetes had a greater impact than other factors such as medical history, high blood pressure, and triglycerides.
Effect of Detuning on Synchronization of Semiconductor Lasers
Authors: Hammood Hayder Abdulwahid , Sultan H. A.
Published: July 2021

A simulation of chaos-synchronization of unidirectionally open-loop master-slave configuration semiconductor lasers is introduced. We consider three scenarios, both lasers are single-mode, multi-mode lasers, with three modes where the interaction is between each mode of transmitter with the corresponding mode of the receiver, and the third scenario is for 5 modes. The simulation was focused on the influences of frequency-detuning of different values of coupling strength for two types of synchronization, anticipating synchronization (AS) and isochronous synchronization (IS). The simulation results demonstrate that scenarios are sensitive to the frequency-detuning between transmitter’s and receiver’s lasers. So, the suitable increasing of coupling strength is a necessary solution to decrease the frequency-detuning effect and saving synchronization with significantly broad high-quality, which means excellent feasibility.