bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of blood oxygen and carbon dioxide sensing to the energetic optimization of human walking
Authors: Wong Jeremy D. , O’Connor Shawn M. , Selinger Jessica C. , Donelan J. Maxwell
Published: June 2017

Human gait adaptation implies that the nervous system senses energetic cost, yet this signal is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the blood gas receptors sense cost for gait optimization by controlling blood O2and CO2with step frequency as people walked. At the simulated energetic minimum, ventilation and perceived exertion were lowest, yet subjects preferred walking at their original frequency. This suggests that blood gas receptors are not critical for sensing cost during gait.
Whole Genome Amplification of Day 3 or Day 5 Human Embryos Biopsies Provides a Suitable DNA Template for PCR-Based Techniques for Genotyping, a Complement of Preimplantation Genetic Testing
Authors: Schaeffer Elizabeth , López-Bayghen Bruno , Neumann Adina , Porchia Leonardo M. , Camacho Rafael , Garrido Efraín , Gómez Rocío , Camargo Felipe , López-Bayghen Esther
Published: June 2017

Our objective was to determine if whole genome amplification (WGA) provides suitable DNA for qPCR-based genotyping for human embryos. Single blastomeres (Day 3) or trophoblastic cells (Day 5) were isolated from 342 embryos for WGA. Comparative Genomic Hybridization determined embryo sex as well as Trisomy 18 or Trisomy 21. To determine the embryo’s sex, qPCR melting curve analysis for SRY and DYS14 was used. Logistic regression indicated a 4.4%, 57.1%, or 98.8% probability of a male embryo when neither gene, SRY only, or both genes were detected, respectively (accuracy = 94.1%, kappa = 0.882, andp<0.001). Fluorescent Capillary Electrophoresis for the amelogenin genes (AMEL) was also used to determine sex. AMELY peak’s height was higher and this peak’s presence was highly predictive of male embryos (AUC = 0.93, accuracy = 81.7%, kappa = 0.974, andp<0.001). Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 21 were determined using the threshold cycle difference for RPL17 and TTC3, respectively, which were significantly lower in the corresponding embryos. The Ct difference for TTC3 specifically determined Trisomy 21 (AUC = 0.89) and RPL17 for Trisomy 18 (AUC = 0.94). Here, WGA provides adequate DNA for PCR-based techniques for preimplantation genotyping.
The Aggregation Mechanism Mining of Passengers’ Flow with Period Distribution Based on Suburban Rail Lines
Authors: Ding Xiaobing , Hu Hua , Liu Zhigang , Zhu Haiyan
Published: June 2017

Stranding too many passengers at the stations will reduce the service level; if measures are not taken, it may lead to serious security problems. Deeply mining the time distribution mechanism of passenger flow will guide the operation enterprises to make the operation plans, emergency evacuation plans, and so on. Firstly, the big data theory is introduced to construct the mining model of temporal aggregation mechanism with supplement and correction function, then, the clustering algorithm Time_clusterkm,n is used to mine the peak time interval of passenger flow, and the passenger flow time aggregation rule is studied from the angle of traffic dispatching command. Secondly, according to the rule of mining traffic aggregation, passenger flow calculation can be determined by the time of train lines in the suburbs of vehicle speed ratio, to match the time period of the uneven distribution of passenger flow. Finally, an example is used to prove the superiority of model in determining train ratios with the experience method. Saving energy consumption improves the service level of rail transit. The research can play a positive role in the operation of energy consumption and can improve the service level of urban rail transit.
The First Workers of the Ant Camponotus obscuripes Are a Different Allometric Morph with Relatively Long Antennae to Communicate with Other Larger Colony Members
Authors: Watanabe Saori , Terayama Mamoru , Kawauchiya Ryota , Ogusu Natsuki , Fujita Yusuke , Mikami Syunta , Murakami Yuuka , Hasegawa Eisuke
Published: June 2017

The first workers produced by an ant queen with a claustral founding mode are much smaller than the workers after the second generation and are thus called “nanitics.” These nanitics shoulder the initial fate of the colony and thus may be different morphometric morph from the other workers in mature colony to optimize the survival of their own colony. We report here that, in the ant Camponotus obscuripes Mayr, the allometric rules of the nanitics are different from those of other workers in mature colonies, suggesting that the nanitics constitute an independent caste as with soldiers or queens in other species. In addition, the antennae of the nanitics show the minimum absolute length-difference with the mother queen compared to the other traits measured. This result suggests that this small size difference enables C. obscuripes nanitics to communicate with the other members of the colony. Our results indicate that polymorphic societies affect the growth rules of workers.
Prevalence of High-Risk Genotypes of Human Papillomavirus: Women Diagnosed with Premalignant and Malignant Pap Smear Tests in Southern Ecuador
Authors: Dalgo Aguilar Paola , Loján González Cisne , Córdova Rodríguez Ana , Acurio Páez Katherine , Arévalo Ana Paulina , Bobokova Jana
Published: June 2017

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary infectious agent for the development of cervical cancer, although the presence of the virus alone is insufficient for viral development and proliferation; this can be attributed to the increase in potential oncogenic risk, along with other risk factors. In the present investigation, the prevalence of high-risk HPV was determined from samples of premalignant or malignant cervical cytology in women from the southern region of Ecuador. The kit we used was able to detect genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59. In addition, 64.5% of the analyzed samples were positive for HPV, with genotypes 16 and 18 being the most prevalent (16 was detected in 148 samples and 18 in 108). Genotypes 58 and 51 were the third most frequent simple and multiple infections, respectively. The data are very similar to those obtained worldwide, suggesting that the strategy of sex education, and the use of vaccines as primary prevention agents, could significantly decrease the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in the southern region of Ecuador.
Fish Scale Collagen Peptides Protect against CoCl2/TNF‐α‐Induced Cytotoxicity and Inflammation via Inhibition of ROS, MAPK, and NF‐κB Pathways in HaCaT Cells
Authors: Subhan Fazli , Kang Hae Yeong , Lim Yeseon , Ikram Muhammad , Baek Sun-Yong , Jin Songwan , Jeong Young Hun , Kwak Jong Young , Yoon Sik
Published: June 2017

Skin diseases associated with inflammation or oxidative stress represent the most common problem in dermatology. The present study demonstrates that fish scale collagen peptides (FSCP) protect against CoCl2‐induced cytotoxicity and TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory responses in human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Our study is the first to report that FSCP increase cell viability and ameliorate oxidative injury in HaCaT cells through mechanisms mediated by the downregulation of key proinflammatory cytokines, namely, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐8, and iNOS. FSCP also prevent cell apoptosis by repressing Bax expression, caspase‐3 activity, and cytochrome c release and by upregulating Bcl‐2 protein levels in CoCl2‐ or TNF‐α‐stimulated HaCaT cells. In addition, the inhibitory effects of FSCP on cytotoxicity and the induction of proinflammatory cytokine expression were found to be associated with suppression of the ROS, MAPK (p38/MAPK, ERK, and JNK), and NF‐κB signaling pathways. Taken together, our data suggest that FSCP are useful as immunomodulatory agents in inflammatory or immune‐mediated skin diseases. Furthermore, our results provide new insights into the potential therapeutic use of FSCP in the prevention and treatment of various oxidative‐ or inflammatory stress‐related inflammation and injuries.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Clinical Study in 1,016 Hematology/Oncology Patients
Authors: Hierl Marina , Pfirstinger Jochen , Andreesen Reinhard , Holler Ernst , Mayer Stephanie , Wolff Daniel , Vogelhuber Martin
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Surveys state a widespread use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with malignant diseases. CAM methods might potentially interfere with the metabolization of tumor-specific therapy. However, there is little communication about CAM use in hematology/oncology patients between patients, CAM providers, and oncologists. Patients and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was handed out to all patients attending to the hematology/oncology outpatient clinic of Regensburg University Hospital. Subsequently, a chart review of all CAM users was performed. Results: Questionnaires of 1,016 patients were analyzed. Of these patients, 30% used CAM, preferably vitamins and micronutrients. Main information sources for CAM methods were physicians/nonmedical practitioners and friends/relatives. CAM therapies were provided mainly by licensed physicians (29%), followed by nonmedical practitioners (14%) and the patients themselves (13%). Although 62% of the CAM users agreed that the oncologist may know about their CAM therapy, a chart entry about CAM use was found only in 41%. Conclusion: CAM is frequently used by hematology/oncology patients. Systematic communication about CAM is essential to avoid possible drug interactions.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Dextrocardia with Complex Congenital Heart Disease Using Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE) and a Literature Review
Authors: Yeo Lami , Luewan Suchaya , Markush Dor , Gill Navleen , Romero Roberto
Published: June 2017

Fetal dextrocardia is a type of cardiac malposition where the major axis from base to apex points to the right side. This condition is usually associated with a wide spectrum of complex cardiac defects. As a result, dextrocardia is conceptually difficult to understand and diagnose on prenatal ultrasound. The advantage of four-dimensional sonography with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) is that this modality can facilitate fetal cardiac examination. A novel method known as fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography (FINE) allows automatic generation of nine standard fetal echocardiography views in normal hearts by applying intelligent navigation technology to STIC volume datasets. In fetuses with congenital heart disease, FINE is also able to demonstrate abnormal cardiac anatomy and relationships when there is normal cardiac axis and position. However, this technology has never been applied to cases of cardiac malposition. We report herein for the first time, a case of fetal dextrocardia and situs solitus with complex congenital heart disease in which the FINE method was invaluable in diagnosing multiple abnormalities and defining complex anatomic relationships. We also review the literature on prenatal sonographic diagnosis of dextrocardia (with an emphasis on situs solitus), as well as tricuspid atresia with its associated cardiac features.
The Crista Fenestra and Its Impact on the Surgical Approach to the Scala Tympani during Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Angeli Roberto D. , Lavinsky Joel , Setogutti Enio T. , Lavinsky Luiz
Published: June 2017

Objective: The aim of this work was to describe the dimensions of the crista fenestra and determine its presence by means of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) for the purpose of cochlear implantation via the round window approach. Methods: A series of 10 adult human temporal bones underwent high-resolution CT scanning and were further dissected for microscopic study of the round window niche. Results: In all of the specimens, the round window membrane was fully visualized after the complete removal of bony overhangs. The crista fenestra was identified as a sharp bony crest located in the anterior and inferior borders of the niche; its area ranged from 0.28 to 0.80 mm2 (mean 0.51 ± 0.18). The proportion of the area occupied by the crista fenestra in the whole circumference of the round window ranged from 23 to 50% (mean 36%). We found a moderate positive correlation between the area of the niche and the dimensions of the crista fenestra (Spearman rho: 0.491). In every case, high-resolution CT scanning was unable to determine the presence of the crista fenestra. Conclusion: The crista fenestra occupies a variable but expressive area within the bony round window niche. Narrower round window niches tended to house smaller crests. The presence of the crista fenestra is an important obstacle to adequate access to the scala tympani. Nevertheless, a high-resolution CT scan provides no additional preoperative information with regard to its presence for the purpose of surgical access to the scala tympani via the round window niche.
The Incidence, Clinical Significance, and Treatment Effects of Depression in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Recipients
Authors: Podolecki Tomasz , Pudlo Robert , Mazurek Michal , Koziel Monika , Jedrzejczyk-Patej Ewa , Boidol Joanna , Przybylska Katarzyna , Sokal Adam , Kowalski Oskar , Kowalczyk Jacek , Lenarczyk Radoslaw , Kalarus Zbigniew
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Chronic heart failure (HF) is associated with significantly increased prevalence of depression. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and clinical impact of depression as well as the effectiveness of depression treatment in HF patients. Methods: A prospective interventional trial included 285 consecutive cardiac resynchronization therapy recipients. Patients underwent a psychiatric examination at the time of implantation and then it was routinely repeated at 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure, and every 6 months thereafter. One hundred and thirty-five (47.4%) patients with depression were included in the depression group, whereas the control group was comprised of 150 patients free of depression. Sixty-eight (50.4%) subjects received antidepressants (treated group), whereas the observational group had 67 (49.6%) depressed patients who refused to take antidepressants. Results: Depression remission was achieved in 51 (75.0%) patients from the treated group. Long-term mortality and HF hospitalization rates were significantly higher in the depression group than in the control group (20.7 vs. 11.3% and 32.6 vs. 19.2%, respectively). However, remission from depression was associated with a 40% reduction in the relative risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Conclusions: Patients with HF and concomitant depression are at higher risk of MACE compared with those free of depression. Effective antidepressant treatment may significantly improve long-term outcomes in this population.
Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Multifocal Mucosal Melanoma of the Oral Cavity with Imatinib
Authors: Deinlein Teresa , Wolf Ingrid H. , Rainer Barbara , Kupsa Romana , Richtig Erika , Hofmann-Wellenhof Rainer , Zalaudek Iris
Published: June 2017

Background: Mucosal melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare entity and accounts for less than 1–3% of all melanomas. Contrary to cutaneous melanoma, primary oral melanoma more commonly harbors mutations in c-KIT. Methods: A 64-year-old man presented with asymptomatic, multiple, brown-to-black macules in the oral cavity. A biopsy was taken and histopathology exhibited mucosal melanoma. In molecular analysis, a c-KIT mutation was proven and a CT scan revealed pulmonary metastases. Due to the multifocality of the lesions, the metastases, and the mutation status, a therapy with imatinib was initiated. Results: After 1 year of therapy, progressive disease in the lung was noticed. Therefore, the therapy was switched to a PD-1 antagonist and a CTL-4 antibody. Conclusions: Our case suggests that imatinib may be considered as first-line treatment for both locally advanced and distant primary multifocal oral melanoma, for which surgery or radiotherapy of the primary tumor is impossible.
Chrysophanol Suppressed Glutamate-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Death via Regulation of Dynamin-Related Protein 1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission
Authors: Chae Unbin , Min Ju-Sik , Leem Hyun Hee , Lee Hyun-Shik , Lee Hong Jun , Lee Sang-Rae , Lee Dong-Seok
Published: June 2017

Chrysophanic acid, or chrysophanol, is an anthraquinone found in Rheum palmatum, which was used in the preparation of oriental medicine in ancient China. The hippocampus plays a major role in controlling the activities of the short- and long-term memory. It is one of the major regions affected by excessive cell death in Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, neuronal cell-death modulation in the hippocampus is important for maintaining neuronal function. We investigated chrysophanol's effects on glutamate-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death. Chrysophanol reduced glutamate-induced cell death via suppression of proapoptotic factors and reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, it downregulated glutamate-induced mitochondrial fission by inhibiting dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) dephosphorylation. Thus, chrysophanol suppressed hippocampal neuronal cell death via inhibition of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, and can be used as a therapeutic agent for treating neuronal cell death-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Review of Recent Literature
Authors: London Viktoriya , Grube Stephanie , Sherer David M. , Abulafia Ovadia
Published: June 2017

Background: In the United States, hyperemesis gravidarum is the most common cause of hospitalization during the first half of pregnancy and is second only to preterm labor for hospitalizations in pregnancy overall. In approximately 0.3-3% of pregnancies, hyperemesis gravidarum is prevalent and this percentage varies on account of different diagnostic criteria and ethnic variation in study populations. Despite extensive research in this field, the mechanism of the disease is largely unknown. Although cases of mortality are rare, hyperemesis gravidarum has been associated with both maternal and fetal morbidity. The current mainstay of treatment relies heavily on supportive measures until improvement of symptoms as part of the natural course of hyperemesis gravidarum, which occurs with progression of gestational age. However, studies have reported that severe, refractory disease manifestations have led to serious adverse outcomes and to termination of pregnancies. Summary: Despite extensive research in the field, the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum remains unknown. Recent literature points to a genetic predisposition in addition to previously studied factors such as infectious, psychiatric, and hormonal contributions. Maternal morbidity is common and includes psychological effects, financial burden, clinical complications from nutritional deficiencies, gastrointestinal trauma, and in rare cases, neurological damage. The effect of hyperemesis gravidarum on neonatal health is still debated in literature with conflicting results regarding outcomes of birth weight and prematurity. Available therapy options remain largely unchanged in the past several decades and focus on parenteral antiemetic medications, electrolyte repletion, and nutritional support. Most studies of therapeutic options do not consist of randomized control studies and cross-study analysis is difficult due to considerable variation of diagnostic criteria. Key Messages: Hyperemesis gravidarum carries a significant burden on maternal health and US health care. Most published research on pathogenesis is observational and suggests multifactorial associations with hyperemesis gravidarum. Precise, strictly defined criteria for clinical diagnosis are likely to benefit meta-analyses of further research studies regarding pathogenesis as well as therapeutic options.
MicroRNA-122a Regulates Zonulin by Targeting EGFR in Intestinal Epithelial Dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Bin , Tian Yinghai , Jiang Ping , Jiang Yanqiong , Li Chao , Liu Ting , Zhou Rujian , Yang Ning , Zhou Xinke , Liu Zhihua
Published: June 2017

Background/Aims: This study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-122a in regulating zonulin during the modulation of intestinal barrier. Methods: Zonulin proteins and their target gene expression were analyzed in miR-122a-overexpressing cell lines and in the target gene of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). An mmu-miR-122a intestinal epithelial conditional transgenic (miR-122a-TG) mouse model was established to investigate EGFR and zonulin expression. MiR-122a was also detected in the clinical specimens of inflammatory bowel disease. Results: EGFR was identified as a target gene of miR-122a. The expression level of miR-122a was positively correlated with that of zonulin. The expression level of zonulin was significantly increased, whereas the expression level of EGFR was significantly decreased in the miR-122a-TG mice and in the corresponding primary epithelial culture (P < 0.05). These results were consistent with the data of the clinical specimens. Conclusions: miR-122a could be a positive factor of zonulin by targeting EGFR, which increased the intestinal epithelial permeability in vivo and in vitro.
Diagnosis, Assessment, and Therapeutic Strategy for Colorectal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Tanaka Toshiaki , Kaneko Manabu , Nozawa Hiroaki , Emoto Shigenobu , Murono Koji , Otani Kensuke , Sasaki Kazuhito , Nishikawa Takeshi , Kiyomatsu Tomomichi , Hata Keisuke , Morikawa Teppei , Kawai Kazushige , Watanabe Toshiaki
Published: June 2017

Colorectal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC), which acts like an aggressive tumor, is a rare clinical manifestation on which only a limited amount of literature exists. Surgical resection by regional lymphadenectomy is considered as the only curative treatment for colorectal MANEC, and adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is recommended because of its high recurrence rate. Colorectal MANEC is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, when it is unresectable, and chemotherapy plays a central role in its treatment. Pathological confirmation of the target lesion component is critical for regimen selection. If the lesion comprises an adenocarcinomatous component, a regimen for colorectal adenocarcinoma should be administered. For lesions comprising mainly a neuroendocrine carcinomatous component, cisplatin combined with etoposide or irinotecan has proven to be clinically appropriate. Everolimus, a mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway inhibitor, also improves survival. Sunitinib malate, another molecular targeting agent, is effective for treating neuroendocrine carcinoma; however, the evidence on its effectiveness for treating gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma is insufficient.
Effects of direct oral anticoagulants on lupus anticoagulant assays in a real-life setting
Authors: Antovic Aleksandra , Norberg Eva-Marie , Berndtsson Maria , Rasmuson Agnes , Malmström Rickard E. , Skeppholm Mika , Antovic Jovan
Published: June 2017

Laboratory diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant (LA) is based on prolongation in at least one coagulation assay (diluted Russell’s viper venom time – dRVVT or activated partial thromboplastin time – aPTT), which normalises after addition of phospholipids. Both assays may be influenced by anticoagulants and therefore LA should not be tested during warfarin or heparin treatment. It has been shown (primarily in vitro) that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs – dabigatran [DAB], rivaroxaban [RIV] and apixaban [API]) may also influence LA testing. We tested the effects of DOACs on assays routinely used for the diagnosis of LA in patients treated with these drugs in a real-life setting. Plasma from patients with atrial fibrillation treated with DAB (n=30), RIV (n=20) and API (n=17) and not known to have LA were tested using dRVVT (LA-screen and LA-confirm, Life Diagnostics) and aPTT (PTT-LA, Diagnostica Stago and aPTT Actin FS, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) assays. According to the diagnostics algorithm, dRVVT and aPTT ratios of <1.2 were considered negative, ratios of >1.4 positive, while if the ratios were 1.2–1.4 LA could not be ruled out. Plasma concentrations varied between 8–172 µg/l for DAB, 8–437 µg/l for RIV and 36–178 µg/l for API. LA diagnosis was negative in only eight (27 %) plasma samples from patients treated with DAB, and in five (25 %) and four samples (24 %) from patients treated with RIV and API, respectively. LA Positivity (dRVVT and aPTT ratios >1.4) was found in 5 cases (17 %) among patients treated with DAB, in 10 cases (50 %) treated with RIV and in 7 cases (41 %) treated with API. A concentration-dependent effect of DOACs on dRVVT-based parameters was observed, particularly as regards DAB. At lower concentrations, RIV and API had only minor effects on the confirmatory tests (below 100 µg/l and 70 µg/l, respectively). Our results suggest that a risk of overestimation of LA detection is present in samples from patients treated with DOACs. Therefore, LA testing should not be performed during treatment with DOACs. Prolongation in confirmatory assays may be helpful for the recognition of false positivity, especially as regards DAB.
Effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin for treatment and prevention of recurrence of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Bunz Thomas J. , Turpie Alexander G. G. , Coleman Craig I.
Published: June 2017

The efficacy and safety or rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin/vitamin K antagonist for treatment and prevention recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) was demonstrated in the randomised EINSTEIN trials. We assessed the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in VTE patients managed in routine practice. Using US MarketScan claims from 1/2012–6/2015, we included adults with a primary diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) during a hospitalisation/emergency department visit, newly-initiated on rivaroxaban or warfarin within 30-days after the VTE and with ≥180-days of continuous medical/prescription benefits prior to the VTE (baseline). Patients with a claim for anticoagulation at baseline were excluded. Recurrent VTE, major bleeding, intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) were assessed. Differences in baseline characteristics between cohorts were adjusted for using inverse probability of treatment weights based on propensity-scores. Patients had a maximum of 12-months period of follow-up post-VTE or until endpoint occurrence, switch/discontinuation of index anticoagulation, insurance disenrollment or end-of-follow-up. Cox regression was performed and reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 13,609 rivaroxaban and 32,244 warfarin users experiencing VTE were included. Rivaroxaban was associated with an 19% (95%CI=10–27%) reduction in recurrent VTE and a 21% (95%CI=4–35%) reduction in major bleeding hazard versus warfarin. Rivaroxaban was also associated with significantly decreased hazards of ICH (HR=0.40) and GIB (HR=0.72). Rivaroxaban appears to reduce patients’ hazard of both recurrent VTE and major bleeding in routine practice. These results appear consistent with EINSTEIN and post-marketing registry studies.

Supplementary Material to this article is available at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Increased Proximal Aortic Diameter is Associated With Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All‐Cause Mortality in Blacks The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Kamimura Daisuke , Suzuki Takeki , Musani Solomon K. , Hall Michael E. , Samdarshi Tandaw E. , Correa Adolfo , Fox Ervin R.
Published: June 2017

Background

Enlargement of the proximal aorta is associated with aortic wall tissue remodeling, including fragmentation of the elastin fibers, increased synthesis of collagen, and calcification, all of which are associated with aortic wall stiffening. We hypothesized that the proximal aortic diameter (AoD) is associated with cardiovascular events in a community‐based cohort of blacks.

Methods and Results

We investigated the associations between AoD and cardiovascular events among 3018 black participants (mean age, 55.9 years; 69% women) without past history of cardiovascular disease in the Jackson Heart Study. AoD was measured using echocardiography at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva at end diastole. Cardiovascular event was defined as incident myocardial infarction, fatal coronary artery disease, stroke, or heart failure hospitalization. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between baseline AoD and cardiovascular events. Over a median follow‐up of 8.3 years, there were 258 cardiovascular events (incident rate, 10.5 per 1000 person‐years). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, increased AoD was significantly associated with cardiovascular events (hazard ratio per 1‐cm increase, 1.72; 95%
CI
, 1.10–2.69;
P
<0.05). Participants in the top AoD quintile had a higher incidence of cardiovascular events compared to those not in the top quintile (hazard ratio, 1.47; 95%
CI
, 1.11–1.94;
P
<0.005) after adjustment for risk factors.

Conclusions

Greater AoD was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in a community‐based cohort of blacks. AoD may be useful as a predictor of incident cardiovascular events and further investigation is warranted.
The American Heart Association Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Effoe Valery S. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Echouffo‐Tcheugui Justin B. , Chen Haiying , Joseph Joshua J. , Norwood Arnita F. , Bertoni Alain G.
Published: June 2017

Background

The concept of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH), defined by the American Heart Association primarily for coronary heart disease and stroke prevention, may apply to diabetes mellitus prevention among blacks.

Methods and Results

Our sample included 2668 adults in the Jackson Heart Study with complete baseline data on 6 of 7 American Heart Association CVH metrics (body mass index, healthy diet, smoking, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and physical activity). Incident diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, physician diagnosis, use of diabetes mellitus drugs, or glycosylated hemoglobin ≥6.5%. A summary CVH score from 0 to 6, based on presence/absence of ideal CVH metrics, was derived for each participant. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios. Mean age was 55 years (65% women) with 492 incident diabetes mellitus events over 7.6 years (24.6 cases/1000 person‐years). Three quarters of participants had only 1 or 2 ideal CVH metrics; no participant had all 6. After adjustment for demographic factors (age, sex, education, and income) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, each additional ideal CVH metric was associated with a 17% diabetes mellitus risk reduction (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.93). The association was attenuated with further adjustment for homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79–1.00). Compared with participants with 1 or no ideal CVH metric, diabetes mellitus risk was 15% and 37% lower in those with 2 and ≥3 ideal CVH metrics, respectively.

Conclusions

The AHA concept of ideal CVH is applicable to diabetes mellitus prevention among blacks. These associations were largely explained by insulin resistance.
Coordination between the eu Member States’ Embassies and the eu Delegation in Turkey: A Case of European Diplomatic Representation
Authors: Terzi Özlem
Published: June 2017

This article analyses how the changes brought about by the Lisbon Treaty have influenced the performance of the eu Delegation in Ankara and the relationship between the eu Delegation, member states’ embassies and Turkish government during times of crisis. Based on numerous interviews, the article analyses how European diplomacy conducted by the eu Delegation and eu member states’ embassies functions in three categorically different situations: 1) a political crisis in the host country; 2) an international crisis involving a neighbouring region to the host country; and 3) negotiations between the host government and the eu on an issue important for eu member states, against the background of a stalled accession process. Based on an investigation of the relationship of the eu Delegation, eu member states’ embassies and Turkey in those three distinct contexts, the article sheds light on the opportunities and constraints of the new way of European diplomatic representation.
Taiwan’s Religious Matrix and Charity
Authors: Junkui Han
Published: June 2017

In recent decades, the development of Taiwan’s folk religions relative to local Western religions has been blooming and thriving, so have been the religious charity activities. From the perspective of the multiple contracts theory framework, in a period of division and redefinition between politics-religion and citizen-government relationships, the traditional ascetic Buddhism and Taoism contain more altruistic and universalism implications than Christian and Catholicism and they have reshaped in great proportions the landscape of folk religious beliefs in Taiwan and propelled the flourish of the religious modern charity.
Reducing Income Inequality
Authors: Vikse Juliann , Lu Shuang , Huang Chien-Chung
Published: June 2017

Income inequality is a growing area of concern in both China and the United States, the world’s two largest economies today. Alongside the traditional social welfare system, taxation and philanthropy are two alternative mechanisms to reduce inequality that have received increasing attention worldwide. This paper explores the roles of taxation and philanthropy in reducing inequality. In analyzing policies relating to taxation and philanthropy across several countries, this paper concludes that despite limitations and unintended consequences, under the current systems in China and the United States, taxation and philanthropy can and should be more effectively used to reduce income inequality.
The Abbasids and the Relics of the Prophet
Authors: El-Hibri Tayeb
Published: June 2017

The study of the relics of the Prophet has not received sufficient analysis in modern scholarship. The origin of importance of certain personal objects of these relics, such as the mantle and the staff, has long been dated to the reign of Muʿāwiya and the first/seventh century in general. This article surveys attestations to key relics of the Prophet in historical, religious, and literary sources, and argues that the genesis of interest in prophetic relics was rooted in the early Abbasid period, and the Abbasid family’s search for tools that could enhance its political legitimacy and connection to the religious authority of the Prophet. The growth of Abbasid palace culture during the Samarra period further strengthened the use of certain relics as insignia of power and as objects of public attention. During the same early Abbasid periodḥadīthcollections showed an ambivalent attitude to discussing these objects. Whileḥadīthtexts preserved mention of certain prophetic belongings, a growing Sunnism after theMiḥnabecame wary of endowing these objects with a mystique that could overlap with Shiʿi ideas on the higher authority of imams from the family of the Prophet.
Two new species of unusual Ceresini (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae)
Authors: MCKAMEY STUART H.
Published: June 2017

Cyphonia sakakibarai n. sp., from Brazil, and Poppea unispina n. sp., from Costa Rica are described. Both species differ in form and coloration from existing species.
Two new Metacephalus DeLong & Martinson, 1973 species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Portanini) from Brazil and proposed synonymy with Paraportanus Carvalho & Cavichioli, 2009
Authors: SOUZA STEPHANIE PEREIRA DE , TAKIYA DANIELA MAEDA , FELIX MÁRCIO
Published: June 2017

Synonymy of Paraportanus Carvalho & Cavichioli, 2009 with its senior synonym Metacephalus DeLong & Martinson, 1973 is proposed. Eleven species of Paraportanus are transferred to Metacephalus. Two new species of Metacephalus are described: Metacephalus adustus sp. nov. from Acre and Amazonas states, and Metacephalus sakakibarai sp. nov. from Amazonas and Roraima states. The first is diagnosed by its obliquely truncate pygofer posterior margin and aedeagus apex with pair of elongate and divergent spiniform processes. The second can be diagnosed by its rounded posterior pygofer margin and aedeagus apex with pair of elongate and parallel spiniform processes, directed posteroventrally. Metacephalus albocrux DeLong & Martinson, 1973 is newly recorded from Brazil. Metacephalus bicornis (Carvalho & Cavichioli, 2003) comb. nov. and Metacephalus jenniferae (Carvalho & Cavichioli, 2009) comb. nov. are newly recorded from Amazonas State; while Metacephalus facetus (Kramer, 1961) is newly recorded from Acre State.
A new species of Rhabdotalebra Young (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) associated with the guaran-guaran (Bignoniaceae: Tecoma stans L.) in Argentina
Authors: PARADELL SUSANA , CATALANO MARÍA INÉS , PETRULEVIČIUS JULIÁN
Published: June 2017

The genus Rhabdotalebra Young is reviewed, including description of a new species, R. albinoi n. sp., from Buenos Aires province, Argentina. A detailed morphological description and illustrations of the new species are provided. A key of all known Rhabdotalebra species is provided to facilitate the comparison of the new species with those previously known, based on pattern coloration and male and female genitalia, is given. Some field observations on its biology are also provided.
Two new Dikraneurini genera from Ecuador (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)
Authors: CATALANO MARÍA INÉS , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H.
Published: June 2017

Two new genera, Sakakidikra n. gen. and Tricella n. gen., of tribe Dikraneurini McAtee are described from Ecuador, each based on a single new species, Sakakidikra jazminae n. sp. and Tricella antonellae n. sp. Both new genera described have only three apical cells in the forewing, an unusual characteristic in Typhlocybinae, but given the differences in the forewing and hind wing venation and male genitalia characters we consider it more appropriate to place the specimens in two separate monotypic genera.
New taxa and combinations in Neotropical Delphacini (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)
Authors: LENICOV ANA M. MARINO DE REMES , BRENTASSI M. EUGENIA
Published: June 2017

A new South American genus of Delphacini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae), Neodelphax n. gen., is described. It includes a new species, N. sakakibarai sp. n., which is described herein, and two species that are removed from the genus Dicranotropis. All of them are illustrated. Supplementary descriptions of female N. fuscoterminata (Berg) comb. n. and N. acheron (Fennah) comb. n., including some new records and host plant associations are added. A preliminary key for males and females of South American species of Neodelphax with representative illustrations is also provided.
The art and science of describing nature’s surrealists: Foreword from the Editors
Authors: EVANGELISTA OLIVIA , TAKIYA DANIELA MAEDA , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H.
Published: June 2017

This special issue of Zootaxa is published in honor of Dr. Albino Morimasa Sakakibara from the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, one of the most prolific living taxonomists of auchenorrhynchan Hemiptera. Dr. Sakakibara is the author of more than 100 scientific articles spanning the years 1968 to 2017. His works have encompassed various fields of biology including natural history, comparative morphology, phylogenetics, and taxonomy treating approximately 60 genera of treehoppers, leafhoppers, and spittlebugs. His outstanding record of contributions to our field also includes an extensive and successful history of graduate student training—twelve taxonomists currently working on several insect groups—along with thorough curation of the insect collection at his home institution, now constituting inarguably the most comprehensive holdings of Auchenorrhyncha in Brazil.
Problematode: an enigmatic new genus of Membracidae (Hemiptera) with two new species from Venezuela
Authors: GAIANI MARCO A.
Published: June 2017

The new Neotropical genus Problematode gen. nov. is described and illustrated to accommodate two new closely related species from the Coastal Montane Forests of Venezuela, P. sakakibarai sp. nov. and P. inerme sp. nov. Problematode gen. nov. appears to be closely related to Euwalkeria Goding on the basis of the reticulate venation of the forewing and lack of posterior pronotal processes, and to Smergotomia Dietrich and Smerdalea Fowler in the configuration of the anal veins of the forewing. The widely separated mid- and hind coxae, exposing the thoracic ventral sternites, and the fused mesothoracic trochanter and femur are unique features of these taxa, which are considered of uncertain position within Membracidae.
Is Diversity Still a Good Thing?
Authors: Herring Cedric
Published: June 2017

In this reply to Stojmenovska, Bol, and Leopold’s comment on my 2009 ASR article, “Does Diversity Pay?” I offer an updated analysis of the relationship between racial and gender diversity in business organizations and such business outcomes as sales revenue, number of customers, market share, and relative profits. Despite the claims in their comment, an updated analysis supports the business case for diversity perspective. Racial and gender diversity are related to business outcomes in the direction predicted. I conclude that diversity is still a good thing, not just because it is related to business outcomes, but also because it reinforces the belief that everyone deserves an equal opportunity.
Perceived barriers and facilitators of exercise and healthy dietary choices: A study of employees and managers within a large transport organisation
Authors: Donaldson-Feilder Emma , Lewis Rachel , Pavey Louisa , Jones Bethan , Green Melanie , Webster Angela
Published: June 2017

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine employees’ perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity and healthy dietary choices, and managers’ perceptions of how best to facilitate physical activity and healthy dietary choices among their team members.

Design:

Single time-point survey with categorical and open-ended questions.

Setting:

Participants were employees from a large public sector organisation ( N = 121), who were asked about the barriers to and facilitators of maintaining regular exercise and healthy dietary choices. Managers were additionally asked about methods for facilitating physical activity and healthy dietary choices among their team members.

Methods:

Quantitative and qualitative methodology, with categorical and open-ended survey questions.

Results:

Thematic analysis revealed similar themes for both physical activity and healthy dietary choices, with participants citing working patterns, commuting times, family commitments, job characteristics and lack of motivation as barriers to exercise and healthy dietary choices. Both employees and managers identified similar facilitators of exercise and healthy dietary choices such as improved information, facilities and working routines.

Conclusion:

Results provide insight into the perceived barriers and facilitators to adopting a healthy lifestyle among a sample of employees with differing shift patterns and job roles. The results are discussed in relation to suggested methods for promoting physical activity and healthy dietary choices at work.
Are Local Minimum Wages Absorbed by Price Increases? Estimates from Internet-Based Restaurant Menus
Authors: Allegretto Sylvia , Reich Michael
Published: June 2017

The authors analyze 884 Internet-based restaurant menus from inside and outside San Jose, California, which they collected before and after the city implemented a 25% minimum wage increase in 2013. Their findings suggest that nearly all of the cost increase was passed through to consumers, as prices rose 1.45% on average. Minimum wage price elasticities averaged 0.058 for all restaurants and ranged from 0.044 to 0.109, depending on the type of restaurant. The authors’ estimate of payroll cost increases net of turnover savings is consistent with these findings. Equally important, border effects for restaurants are smaller than is often conjectured. Price differences among restaurants that are one-half mile from either side of the policy border are not competed away, indicating that restaurant demand is spatially inelastic. These results imply that citywide minimum wage policies need not result in substantive negative employment effects nor shifts of economic activity to nearby areas.
The effect of nano-additive reinforcements on thermoplastic microballoon epoxy syntactic foam mechanical properties
Authors: Dando Kerrick R , Salem David R
Published: June 2017

Syntactic foams comprising glass microballoons have gained considerable attention over the past several years due to mechanical and thermal properties that are advantageous for use as a core material in naval and aerospace applications. Recent advancements in the production of thermoplastic microballoon syntactic foams have allowed for an increase in microballoon volume fraction (up to 0.9 volume fraction), with correspondingly lower densities but reduced mechanical properties. In this work, carbon nanofibers and halloysite nanotubes were incorporated in thermoplastic microballoon-based syntactic foam to enhance the mechanical properties and the relative effects of these two nanoscale reinforcements were compared. X-ray micro-computed tomography was employed to analyze the microstructure of the materials produced, and scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the dispersion of nano-additives within the resin. Compressive strength and modulus enhancements as large as 180% and 250% respectively were achieved with a 0.25 wt% addition of carbon nanofiber and increases of 165% and 244% respectively were achieved with a 0.5 wt% addition of halloysite nanotube. Tensile strength and modulus enhancements as large as 110% and 165% respectively were achieved with a 0.125 wt% addition of carbon nanofiber and increases of 133% and 173% respectively were achieved with a 0.125 wt% addition of halloysite nanotube.
Advancing the Certified in Public Health Examination: A Job Task Analysis
Authors: Kurz Richard S. , Yager Christopher , Yager James D. , Foster Allison , Breidenbach Daniel H. , Irwin Zachary
Published: June 2017

Objectives:

In 2014, the National Board of Public Health Examiners performed a job task analysis (JTA) to revise the Certified in Public Health (CPH) examination. The objectives of this study were to describe the development, administration, and results of the JTA survey; to present an analysis of the survey results; and to review the implications of this first-ever public health JTA.

Methods:

An advisory committee of public health professionals developed a list of 200 public health job tasks categorized into 10 work domains. The list of tasks was incorporated into a web-based survey, and a snowball sample of public health professionals provided 4850 usable responses. Respondents rated job tasks as essential (4), very important (3), important (2), not very important (1), and never performed (0).

Results:

The mean task importance ratings ranged from 2.61 to 3.01 (important to very important). The highest mean ratings were for tasks in the ethics domain (mean rating, 3.01). Respondents ranked 10 of the 200 tasks as the most important, with mean task rankings ranging from 2.98 to 3.39. We found subtle differences between male and female respondents and between master of public health and doctor of public health respondents in their rankings.

Conclusion:

The JTA established a set of job tasks in 10 public health work domains, and the results provided a foundation for refining the CPH examination. Additional steps are needed to further modify the content outline of the examination. An empirical assessment of public health job tasks, using methods such as principal components analysis, may provide additional insight.