bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multiple Piccolino-RIBEYE Interaction Supports Plate-Shaped Synaptic Ribbons in Retinal Neurons
Authors: Müller Tanja M. , Gierke Kaspar , Joachimsthaler Anneka , Sticht Heinrich , Izsvák Zsuzsanna , Hamra F. Kent , Fejtová Anna , Ackermann Frauke , Garner Craig C. , Kremers Jan , Brandstätter Johann H. , Regus-Leidig Hanna
Published: January 2019

Active zones at chemical synapses are highly specialized sites for the regulated release of neurotransmitters. Despite a high degree of active zone protein conservation in vertebrates, every type of chemical synapse expresses a given set of protein isoforms and splice variants adapted to the demands on neurotransmitter release. So far, we know little about how specific active zone proteins contribute to the structural and functional diversity of active zones. In this study, we explored the nanodomain organization of ribbon-type active zones by addressing the significance of Piccolino, the ribbon synapse-specific splice variant of Piccolo, for shaping the ribbon structure. We followed up on previous results, which indicated that rod photoreceptor synaptic ribbons lose their structural integrity in a knockdown of Piccolino. Here, we demonstrate an interaction between Piccolino and the major ribbon component RIBEYE that supports plate-shaped synaptic ribbons in retinal neurons. In a detailed ultrastructural analysis of three different types of retinal ribbon synapses in Piccolo/Piccolino-deficient male and female rats, we show that the absence of Piccolino destabilizes the superstructure of plate-shaped synaptic ribbons, although with variable manifestation in the cell types examined. Our analysis illustrates how the expression of a specific active zone protein splice variant (e.g., Piccolino) contributes to structural diversity of vertebrate active zones.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRetinal ribbon synapses are a specialized type of chemical synapse adapted for the regulated fast and tonic release of neurotransmitter. The hallmark of retinal ribbon synapses is the plate-shaped synaptic ribbon, which extends from the release site into the terminals' cytoplasm and tethers hundreds of synaptic vesicles. Here, we show that Piccolino, the synaptic ribbon specific splice variant of Piccolo, interacts with RIBEYE, the main component of synaptic ribbons. This interaction occurs via several PxDLS-like motifs located at the C terminus of Piccolino, which can connect multiple RIBEYE molecules. Loss of Piccolino disrupts the characteristic plate-shaped structure of synaptic ribbons, indicating a role of Piccolino in synaptic ribbon assembly.
Anticipatory Neural Activity Improves the Decoding Accuracy for Dynamic Head-Direction Signals
Authors: Zirkelbach Johannes , Stemmler Martin , Herz Andreas V.M.
Published: January 2019

Insects and vertebrates harbor specific neurons that encode the animal's head direction (HD) and provide an internal compass for spatial navigation. Each HD cell fires most strongly in one preferred direction. As the animal turns its head, however, HD cells in rat anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (ADN) and other brain areas fire already before their preferred direction is reached, as if the neurons anticipated the future HD. This phenomenon has been explained at a mechanistic level, but a functional interpretation is still missing. To close this gap, we use a computational approach based on the movement statistics of male rats and a simple model for the neural responses within the ADN HD network. Network activity is read out using population vectors in a biologically plausible manner, so that only past spikes are taken into account. We find that anticipatory firing improves the representation of the present HD by reducing the motion-induced temporal bias inherent in causal decoding. The amount of anticipation observed in ADN enhances the precision of the HD compass read-out by up to 40%. More generally, our theoretical framework predicts that neural integration times not only reflect biophysical constraints, but also the statistics of behaviorally relevant stimuli; in particular, anticipatory tuning should be found wherever neurons encode sensory signals that change gradually in time.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAcross different brain regions, populations of noisy neurons encode dynamically changing stimuli. Decoding a time-varying stimulus from the population response involves a trade-off: For short read-out times, stimulus estimates are unreliable as the number of stochastic spikes is small; for long read-outs, estimates are biased because they lag behind the true stimulus. We show that optimal decoding of temporally correlated stimuli not only relies on finding the right read-out time window but requires neurons to anticipate future stimulus values. We apply this general framework to the rodent head-direction system and show that the experimentally observed anticipation of future head directions can be explained at a quantitative level from the neuronal tuning properties, network size, and the animal's head-movement statistics.
An analysis of surveillance screening for SDHB-related disease in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Tufton Nicola , Shapiro Lucy , Sahdev Anju , Kumar Ajith V , Martin Lee , Drake William M , Akker Scott A , Storr Helen L
Published: January 2019

Objective

Phaeochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL) are rare in children. A large proportion of these are now understood to be due to underlying germline mutations. Here we focus on succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) gene mutation carriers as these tumours carry a high risk of malignant transformation. There remains no current consensus with respect to optimal surveillance for asymptomatic carriers and those in whom the presenting tumour has been resected.

Method

We undertook a retrospective analysis of longitudinal clinical data of all children and adolescents with SDHB mutations followed up in a single UK tertiary referral centre. This included index cases that pre-dated the introduction of surveillance screening and asymptomatic carriers identified through cascade genetic testing. We also conducted a literature review to inform a suggested surveillance protocol for children and adolescents harbouring SDHB mutations.

Results

Clinical outcomes of a total of 38 children are presented: 8 index cases and 30 mutation-positive asymptomatic carriers with 175 patient years of follow-up data. Three of the eight index cases developed metachronous disease and two developed metastatic disease. Of the 30 asymptomatic carriers, 3 were found to have PGLs on surveillance screening.

Conclusions

Surveillance screening was well tolerated in our paediatric cohort and asymptomatic paediatric subjects. Screening can identify tumours before they become secretory and/or symptomatic, thereby facilitating surgical resection and reducing the chance of distant spread. We propose a regular screening protocol commencing at age 5 years in this at-risk cohort of patients.
Incretin-based therapies for patients with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Lili , Shao Zhuo , Xia Ying , Qin Jiabi , Xiao Yang , Zhou Zhiguang , Mei Zubing
Published: January 2019

Objective

Combined treatment with an incretin-based drug, such as a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) or a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and basal insulin is a new strategy for improving glucose control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effect of this combined treatment on glycaemic control, insulin dose, severe hypoglycaemia, weight gain and gastrointestinal side effects in T1DM patients.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published before July 16, 2018. The primary outcome was glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes included total daily insulin dose, body weight, severe hypoglycaemia and gastrointestinal side effects.

Results

Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2389 patients were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. The pooled data suggested that incretin-based therapy was associated with a reduction in HbA1c levels (weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.17%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.24 to −0.11, P < 0.001), total daily insulin dose (WMD −5.53 IU/day, 95% CI −8.89 to −2.17, P = 0.001) and body weight (WMD −3.24 kg, 95% CI −4.43 to −2.04, P < 0.001). Incretins did not increase the risk of severe hypoglycaemia (odds ratio (OR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.60–1.16, P = 0.287) but increased the occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects (OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.20–5.45, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

In T1DM patients, GLP-1 RAs, but not DPP-4 inhibitors, combined with insulin appear to be an effective therapy but may increase the occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects.
Halakhic thinking of Lithuanian rabbis
Authors: Pažėraitė Aušra
Published: January 2019

1. Lithuanian rabbis have been studying halakhic sources as valuable in themselves, and not just, or not so much for the legal practice. There were rather theoretical religious-legal activities of intellect than activity, based on pragmatic purposes, seeking to regulate religious practices and ethical attitudes. 2. Texts of Lithuanian rabbis reveal that ritual matters, even related to the Second Temple period, were most analyzed and even in the beginning of twentieth century in the search both of solving some of the current halakhic problems, as well as simply analyzing problems purely theoretically. Mainly have been used analytical and analogical methods. 3. As is apparent from examples of commentaries to Halakhot Gdolot by R. Zeev Wolf ben Arye Lipkin (end of 18th–19th c.), also commentaries of Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbis analyzed texts of halakhic authorities carefully and critically, comparing them with the Halakha sources (Talmud, Tosefta), indicating even inaccuracies. 4. Lithuanian halakhic thought, influenced by Vilna Gaon, was characterized by a certain devotion to original texts, sources of the Halakha, whose authority surpassed authority of codex’s of subsequent generations, using critical analytical thinking, principle of analogy, by trusting one’s own reason, that originated from a certain religious attitude. 5. In the book of Chaim of Volozhin, on of the main authors for studying contrasts of hassidic and mitnagdic Thought’s in Lithuania, Nefesh ha-Hayim, is seen a mitnagdic attempt to ground superiority of studying of Torah and Halakha without any pragmatic interest, as the central religious practice, even if based on the same mystical Jewish heritage that served hassidim to develop quite different religious attitudes.
Three Names of Imagination
Authors: Sabolius Kristupas
Published: January 2019

The author works through phenomenological concept of imagination and its noetic function by analyzing three main ‘names’ found in Husserl’s description of die Phantasie: presentification, neutralization and modification. Although all these terms mean that objects are not given ‘in person’ or ‘bodily’ (leibhaftig) and refer to the ‘lack reality’, the closer examination of their status reveals that the latter characteristic of imagination is drawn from the intellectual perspective and, consequently, undergoes the rationalization of ‘reality perception’. But it is namely the active modification, registered in the field of perception as well, discloses the hidden layers of experience due to which the mode of actual situation could assume different levels of intensity.
Secular Everyday Life and Religious Sense: Relationship between the Ethical and Religious Spheres
Authors: Bacevičiūtė Danutė
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the problem of religious sense in the secular everyday life. With reference to Charles Taylor’s analysis of secularization, the author tries to distance herself from the prevailing sociological thesis about the decline of religion in the life of contemporary society and rethink what religion means today? One can notice that “the myth of the Enlightenment” is deeply entrenched in our secular everyday consciousness, so the approach to the religious in the traditional sense is quite aggravated. Nevertheless, such a situation provides a possibility to contemplate the everyday life itself. Derrida’s notion of “religion without religion” allows us to reflect the character of a contemporary religious discourse as well as to envisage the tension between ethical and religious spheres in the daily acts of decision-making, choice, and responsibility. Not traditional religious forms but the structure of religious relationship enables us to talk about religious sense in the secular everyday life.
Сводный катaлог арабскоалфавитных рукописей литовских татар: коллекция Гродненского государственного музея истории религии
Authors: Мишкинене Галина
Published: January 2019

Galina MiškinienėThe Summary Catalogue of Lithuanian Tatar Manuscripts in Arabic Script: the Collection in Grodno Religion History Museum
One of the main tasks in year 2007 was composition of summary catalogue of Lithuanian Tatar manuscripts in Arabic script. Recently, the manuscript collections have been supplemented by new findings coming from some Tartars families. These findings will be presented in the new summary catalogue of Lithuanian Tatar manuscripts. In this catalogue will be described collections stored in Kazan, Minsk, Grodno, Leipzig, London, Saint Petersburg, and elsewhere. One of the collections that is described in this article is stored in Grodno Religion History Museum.
Kalendarz Polityczny Wileński księdza Franciszka Paprockiego
Authors: Jakubėnas Regina
Published: January 2019

W Wilnie w połowie lat 30. XVIII wieku jezuita ks. Jan Antoni Poszakowski (1684–1757) wydał pierwszy kalendarz, który zapoczątkował nową serię druków w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim. Druki te stały się jedną z najpoczytniejszych form czytelnictwa w XVIII wieku w WKL1. W 2 połowie XVIII wieku wydawanie jezuickich kalendarzy w Wilnie odnowił historyk ks. Franciszek Paprocki (1723–1805)....Regina JakubėnasThe Political Vilnius Calendar of the priest Franciszek PaprockiThe article is devoted to the publishing of calendars – a permanent publishing initiative, launched in the first half of the 18th century and continued by the Jesuit priest Franciszek Paprocki (1723–1805) in the University Printing House in the second half of the 18th century. Calendars were among the most widely read publications of those times. Kalendarz Polityczny Wileński (the Political Vilnius Calendar), which was being published for more than 25 years, is presented here. It was regularly advertised in the Vilnius press. News about scientific, geographical and astronomical discoveries, statistical data, information about the socio-political system of the European countries, its rulers, the structure of authorities, constitutions, regulations, the decisions of the Parliament, as well as curiosities, pieces of practical advice and gossip were published in the calendar.The calendar became a valuable source of knowledge which reflected cultural changes on the territory of the Great Duchy of Lithuania in the Age of Enlightenment.Keywords: Franciszek Paprocki, calendars of the 18th century, Kalendarz Polityczny Wileński, Great Duchy of Lithuania.
Tożsamość na styku kultur / Tapatybė kultūrų sankirtoje.
Authors: Ušinskiene Viktorija
Published: January 2019

РЕЦЕНЗИИ. ОБЗОРЫTożsamość na styku kultur / Tapatybė kultūrų sankirtoje. Mokslinių straipsnių rinkinys. Parengė I. Masojt, H. Sokolovska. Vilnius: Edukologija, 2011, 586 s. ISBN 978-9955-20-693-4.
Вторая международная конференция по старообрядчеству в Торуни
Authors: Морозова Надежда
Published: January 2019

6–7 сентября 2012 г. в Институте славянской филологии Торуньского университета им. Николая Коперника (Польша) состоялась вторая международная научная конференция “Старообрядцы в зарубежье: история, религия, язык, культура”, посвященная, как было сказано в информационном сообщении, “разнообразным аспектам жизни старообрядцев вне России и за пределами юрисдикции Русской православной церкви”1. В работе конференции приняли участие исследователи из Польши, России, Украины, Литвы, Эстонии, Японии и Австралии. Всего на конференции было прочитано около 40 докладов....
Древнейшая восточнославянская служба Перенесению мощей святителя Николая Мирликийского (9 мая) как переработка переводной службы Перенесению мощей апостола Варфоломея (24 августа)
Authors: Темчин Сергей Юрьевич Юрьевич
Published: January 2019

The author argues that the East Slavic liturgical service for the translation of the relics of St. Nicholas of Myra (9 May), which contains a Slavonic acrostic, is merely an adaptation of the Slavonic version of the Byzantine liturgical service for the translation of the relics of St. Bartholomew the Apostle (24 August), presumably composed by Joseph the Hymnographer. In the canon, no more than 6 troparia out of the total number of 28 are quite original compositions and do not depend on the above Byzantine model. Since the East Slavic service, like its Byzantine model, contains the minimum of stichera, it can be dated to the initial stage in the development of the Old East Slavic hymnography.
Žvilgsnis į sociologiją iš šalies, arba žvilgsnis į bendrą erdvę
Authors: Daujotytė Viktorija
Published: January 2019

The article presented in the first issue of the journal discuses the relationship between sociology and the social reality. It is emphasized that the central task of sociology is to orient among the constantly changing social situations. Such a task requires to discuss the links between sociology and literature.
Tautinės sąmonės ir solidarumo sklaida
Authors: Znaniecki Florian
Published: January 2019

Translation: Znaniecki, Florian. 1952. Modern Nationalities. A sociological study of how nationalities evolve. Urbana: University of Illinois Press; 80-111.
Europos idėja: Rytai ir Vakarai graikų politinėje filosofijoje
Authors: Kazlauskas Raimondas
Published: January 2019

The aim of the article is to develop a critique of Europe as a cultural model for political integration. The author takes his departure in an image of Europe of nations, lands, and regions and grounds the critique of the European civilization on a Ancient Greek model of political community. The author raises a question of what is the main principle of civilization: culture or citizenship. He notes the immanent possibility of the culture to become a universal system of values and attempts to define citizenship as the basis of civilization. The author argues that the idea of human as a political being that is found in Greek philosophy from Solon to Aristotle stands in tension with a hierarchicaly organized political forms built around universalistic cultures. Such an argument is built around the interpretation of the ideas of Isocrates, who, drawing on Gorgias and late sophist philosophers, developed a critique of a notion of natural inequality between the Greeks and the Asian barbarians.
Lietuvos sociologijos istorijos bruožai (II)
Authors: Kraniauskas Liutauras
Published: January 2019

The aim of the article is to analyze the notion of the history of national sociology and to discuss the methodological problems that the notion suggests. The author takes his point of departure by distinguishing two traditions in the historiography of the history of sociology: the history of ideas and the analytical tradition. The difference of historiographic traditions is the difference of function of the history of sociology: while the history of ideas is connected with the development of the identity of a discipline, the analytical is concerned with the sociological self-understanding of the discipline. The author of the article attempts to define an analytical methodology to analyze the history of national sociology.
Sionistinio judėjimo tendencijos Lietuvos Respublikoje (1918 - 1940)
Authors: Bendikaitė Eglė
Published: January 2019

The Zionism movement, as elswhere in the world, was not a united movement in Lithuania. It was divided between competing political factions, more or less influential at different periods, debating means and ends, and its relation with the Lithuanian state. The main goal of the Zionists was to prepare Jews for emigration to Palestine, and to foster the Hebrew language and national culture. The General Zionists and Zionist Socialists had the biggest influence on Lithuanian Jewish communities in the period of 1918 - 1940. The primary Zionist support for Jewish cultural work and national upbringing was through Jewish schools and the press. The prosperity of the Zionist press in the interwar period was weighty proof, that Lithuanian Jewry supported Zionist ideas. The greatest achievement of the Lithuanian Jewish national minority, which was kept up in the whole interwar period, was the independent educational system. The dominant part of the Jewish educational system was the Tarbut school network. There were a whole complex of the historical and political factors, which comprised the environment in which the Zionist movement flourished in Lithuania in the interwar period.
Politika ir moters karjera
Authors: Matonytė Irmina
Published: January 2019

On the basis of qualitative research (over 20 semistructured interviews) study concerning interrelations between women’s career and political environment, political-cultural norms as well as organizational situations and factors has been carried out. The main assumption is that career associates a person and the public sphere, reflects personal self-realization in society, community (career here is understood as personal trajectory to socially important positions in the decision making structure). Politics is analyzed through three axes. First, politics is a social game of legitimacy, influence, and authority. Second, politics is a concrete set of instruments (laws, regulations, unwritten rules, etc.) operating in a society in order to solve conflicts and to secure functioning of communal life. Third, politics is a structure of influences and value orientations in a close personal environment that is always vibrant, dynamic and open. Such politics means efforts, intentions and orientations of a concrete person to self-realize and to consolidate personal position in any concrete environment. In the present study life histories and stories of women from the middle class in the post-soviet Lithuania are being analyzed with an attempt to recognize how they operate in their environment and what are peculiar “feminine” political moves. Recommendations how it could be possible to change the existing situation into more career women favorable direction are provided at the end of the text.
Socialinių sluoksnių matrimonialinės ir prokreacinės elgsenos strategijos: bruožai ir jų kaita
Authors: Česnuitytė Vida
Published: January 2019

Sociological and demographical theories on matrimonial and procreational behaviour of social stratum presented in the article. Social status in relation to family formation and methods of social control in the premodern societies were discussed at the beginning. After that new forms of family formation and maintenance in the modern societies were discussed. The main conclusion of the article is that matrimonial and procreational behaviour of social stratum is on the permanent change. It changes form domination of family and community interests on individual behaviour in the premodern societies to toleration of individual behaviour in respect to family formation in the modern societies. It was stated that family formation became one of the segments of individual self-realization in the new conditions.
Korupcija: teoriniai bandymai apibrėžti ir paaiškinti
Authors: Piliponytė Jolanta
Published: January 2019

The article focuses on the concept of corruption and the problems defining the corruption. It also discusses the possibilities of theoretical analysis of corruption phenomenon. Law, public interest and public opinion have significant role in defining corruption. The problems of corruption determination is: the differences among „corruption“ as it is defined in the official laws of countries, as it effects the public and „corruption“ as it is defined by public. The preparation of the comparative studies of corruption in different countries also is complicated. The article analyzes political corruption as the example of mentioned issues. The theoretical analysis of corruption in the article is based on two models: a Heidenheimer approach (as a macro level theory) and principal – agent approach (as a micro level theory). The advantages and disadvantages of theses two models are presented. The article evaluates corruption phenomenon not only in the context of law and criminal justice, but also in the broader context of political, social, economical and cultural life.
Tarp norminio ir subordinuoto vyriškumo formų: vyrai, jųseksualumas ir maskulinizmo politika šiuolaikinėje Lietuvoje
Authors: Tereškinas Artūras
Published: January 2019

The article examines hegemonic and subordinated forms of masculinity in contemporary Lithuania. Using the opinion survey „The Crisis of Male Roles in Lithuania” (2002) and a wide array of literature theorizing men and masculinities, it attempts to answer the following questions: how can we assess the influence of different masculinities to men themselves and gender policies in Lithuania? What kind of masculinity policy can support a feminist project of social transformation?

The survey „The Crisis of Male Roles in Lithuania” allows us to conclude that both Lithuanian men and women largely support traditional norms of hegemonic masculinity. This masculinity is based on heterosexuality, economic autonomy, being able to provide for one’s family, being rational, being successful, keeping one’s emotions in check and not doing anything considered feminine.

The dominant form of masculinity in Lithuania is constructed not only in relation to femininities but also in relation to subordinated and marginalized masculinities, particularly homosexual masculinities. Homosexuality is the repository of everything that is symbolically expelled from hegemonic masculinity. As the survey demonstrates, homophobia is much stronger among men than women in Lithuania. This can be explained by the fact that in order to be „real men” males have to separate themselves from both women and homosexual men. Furthermore, Lithuanian men’s negative attitude towards homosexuality can also be related to their traditional attitudes toward gender roles and family. The view that gays transgress the gender system is rather widespread among them.

The author argues that the dominance of a single model of masculinity at the expense of multiple masculinities makes men more vulnerable to acts of violence against themselves and their families. The article advocates self-awareness and critical reflection about gender identities among men and male groups that could help dismantle hegemonic masculinity and dispel the notion that there is only one way to be a ‘real man’. Promoting models of masculinity along less sexist, homophobic and misogynist lines could benefit both women and men.
Socialinės struktūros samprata
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas
Published: January 2019

Social structure has always been one of the central concepts in classical and contemporary sociological thought. The concept of social structure points to a different articulation of the macro and micro elements of social life. Its meaning has to be understood in the context of the discursive networks in which it is used. The aim of the article is to explore the concept of social structure by making explicit the main conceptual networks from which the different uses of the concept obtain their meaning. We have organized our discussion of social structure around the four paradigms that we have identified as (1) methodological individualism, (2) methodological holism, (3) microsociological ‘theory’, (4) eclectic ‘theory’.
Kriminologija ir valdžia
Authors: Dobryninas Aleksandras
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The text introduces an issue of journal Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas, which contains a number of papers presented in the Baltic Criminological Conference in 2006.
Globalizuotas nusikalstamumas, lokali nusikalstamumo kontrolė ir prevencija
Authors: Ferenc Irc
Published: January 2019

The study deals with some key-definitions in the field of crime prevention and control as security, risk, danger, public security, interior security, public order. Globalization as a group of unfinished changes in our risk society takes challenges for crimi­nal policy. The essence of the new approach is that it tries to define the adequate reaction to the consequence of some harm depending on what consequences the harm entails in the short term and in the long term and depending also on what interventions are the most promising to help avoid these consequences in the future.
Skurdas ir kriminalizacija
Authors: Petrovec Dragan , Tompa Gašper , Šugman Katja
Published: January 2019

The article scrutinizes issues regarding the definition of wealth or poverty and reac­tion to crime as reflected by the number of prisoners in the development of West European countries as well as the development of the new member states, former countries in transition. Authors point out the problem of implementations of the principles of democracy, economic development not only in new member states, but rather globally. They stress that the traditional criterion for measuring wealth (GDP) is not sufficient to understand and evaluate different social phenomena, including crime and crime policy. For the more precise evaluation we need a so-called Human Poverty Index (HPI) which is a multidimensional measure of poverty. The HPI shows deprivation in four basic dimensions: health, education, material standards and social exclusion. Using this tool authors emphasize strong correlation between inequality and the number of prisoners in the transition countries, which leads to a conclusion that countries in transition when establishing democracy do not care much about the welfare state by introducing a safety net. The consequence is that a small part of the population became extremely rich, preventing, thus, democratic development of a political system. Authors criticize that in most cases transition countries blindly follow USA, instead of creating a welfare state. With this regard it should be stressed that widening the gap between rich and poor citizens in transition countries raise threat to democratic system turning into an oligarchy. Furthermore, it leads to the more tough approach towards crime and crime policy.
Policijos pastangos mažinti nusikaltimų baimę lokaliose bendruomenėse: dideli lūkesčiai ir abejotini rezultatai
Authors: Meško Gorazd , Fallshore Marte , Rep Mojca , Huisman Aletha
Published: January 2019

Making police officers approachable and visible is one of the most important factors in reducing fear of crime. However, the public also requires their effectiveness in crime fighting. Community policing relies on factors such as approachability and visibility of the police, but does not offer solutions for factors like neighbourhood decay. The role of police in the reduction of fear of crime is quite paradoxical – on the one hand their presence in neighbourhoods reassure citizens, while on the other hand their presence can be understood as a response to more crime and disorder.
Nenuobodi kriminologija: Vincenzo Ruggiero literatūrinio skaitymo metodas
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas
Published: January 2019

Review: Ruggiero, Vincenzo. 2005. Nusikaltimas literatūroje. Grožinės literatūros ir deviacijų sociologija. Kaunas: Poligrafija ir informatika.
Andropovo klausimu (II). Kaip Maxas Weberis atsakytų į Jurijaus Andropovo klausimą?
Authors: Norkus Zenonas
Published: January 2019

The paper is sequel to the article published in issue 1 (19) of this journal, continuing and concluding the analysis of the problem of the macrosociological diagnostics of communist societes. Present paper focuses on the concepts of communism as distinct way to (incomplete) modernity and communist neotraditionalism. Max Weber’s famous typology of the legitimate domination is considered as common source of these approaches, represented by Barrington Moore Jr. and Ken Jowitt. The author contributes to K.Jowitt’s Neo-Weberian analysis of the communist neotraditionalism and neopatrimonialism by spotlighting typological affinity of „socialist” economies to „oikos economy” as discussed by Max Weber. The author advances the proposal to solve the controversy between different approaches to the explanation of communism by limiting their validity claims by geographical and chronological scope conditions. The theory of communism as totalitarianism provides accurate phenomenological account of the characteristic features of the communist regimes during the early phase of their existence. However, during their late phases they have differentiated themselves into bureaucratic-authoritarian, national-accomodative and patrimonial types. The view of communism as a way into modernity is sufficiently accurate only with respect to the patrimonial and (partly) national-accomodative communism. At the same time, patrimonial communism is the type of communism that is marked by the most numerous premodern fe- atures.
Posovietinis vyriškumas: išbrauktas ar nepastebėtas dienotvarkės klausimas? (I)
Authors: Kraniauskas Liutauras
Published: January 2019

The paper contributes a concept of post-Soviet masculinity to the masculinity discourse of the post-communist societies. Short overview of the main studies on men and masculinities in the territory of ex-Soviet Union and Lithuania misses idea of historicity, which might be compensated by the concept of post-Soviet masculinity. Three conceptual papers of A.Juska (2003), S.Oushakin (2002) and A.Tereskinas (2008) suggests few insights on the content of the post-Soviet masculinity. Critical analysis of three conceptual suggestions is finalized in more concrete understanding of the post-Soviet masculinity as a concept defined by historicity.
Ar filosofijai tebėra vietos socialiniuose moksluose?
Authors: Kirtiklis Kęstutis
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the problem of relationship between social sciences and philosophy. In contemporary social sciences this relationship is denied by not ascribing to philosophy the status of autonomous discipline, which could be considered as being separate from social sciences and yet fruitfully collaborate with them. The positivist tradition of the social sciences denies the importance philosophy, considering it as a merely speculative enterprise, which is not worthy of attention of social scientists oriented towards the increase of empirically verified scientific knowledge. On the other hand, the interpretive tradition of the social sciences tends to incorporate philosophy into social sciences as an integral part of social theory. However, claims the author, the divide into two traditions itself shows the importance of philosophy, since both of these traditions already depend on the philosophical presuppositions of their exponents. The article argues that philosophy of social sciences should be considered as a separate and autonomous discipline, because of the objects it studies and the methods it uses, which differ from those of social sciences. However philosophy can (and actually does) fruitfully collaborate with social sciences by formulating their methodological basis.
Metodologinės abejonės meistrai ir jų įrankių dėžė (apie Z. Norkaus ir V. Morkevičiaus vadovėlį)
Authors: Kraniauskas Liutauras
Published: January 2019

Review: Zenonas, Norkus; Morkevičius, Vaidas. 2011. Kokybinė lyginamoji analizė: vadovėlis aukštųjų mokyklų studentams. Kaunas: Lietuvos HSM duomenų archyvas (LiDA)
Haroldas Garfinkelis ir socialinio veiksmo postfenomenologija (III)
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas
Published: January 2019

Santrauka. Paskutinėje, trečioje, dalyje kritiškai svarstomos trivializacijos, reliatyvizmo ir empirizmo dilemos, su kuriomis, kaip teigiama, susiduria vėlyvoji etnometodologija. Taip pat nagrinėjama santykio tarp subjektyvumo ir objektyvumo problema, kuri rodo, kad EM, neproblemiškai taikydama reliatyvizuojančią Alfredo Schützo racionalumo formų analizę, ją radikaliai endogenizuoja, vengdama išorinių palyginamumo kriterijų. Socialinio veiksmo prasmės problema redukuojama į situacinius sveiko proto žinojimo struktūrų aprašymus. Todėl radikaliai keičiasi socialinio veiksmo prasmės, pagrindinės socialinės teorijos kategorijos, statusas: socialinio veiksmo sąlygų supratimo problema pakeičiama konkrečių „aprašomojo mąstymo“ sprendinių sociolingvistika. EM pažadai siekti aiškumo identifikuojant santykį tarp analitinių sąvokų ir sveiko proto sąvokų lieka paraštėse. Į klausimą, kaip atsekti kelią, nueinamą darant sociologines išvadas, vėlyvoji EM neatsako. Kompensuodama „nejaukią tylą“ EM intensyviau eksploatuoja epistemologinio anti-realizmo natūrfilosofiją; Durkheimo fundamentalų principą nominaliai keičia fundamentaliu fenomenu; konstruoja nerealistines dvinares perskyras, kurios neproblemiškai atkartoja jos ankstyvąsias polemines formuluotes. Kritinėse dalyse artikuliuojami konkretūs pavyzdžiai, liudijantys, kad etnometodologija, konstruodama neįprastą ne teorijos sampratą, juda ironijos, teorinio principo, kurio pabrėžtinai vengia, link.ABSTRACTHAROLD GARFINKEL AND THE POSTPHENOMENOLOGY OF SOCIAL ACTION (III)The aim of this essay is to articulate and explicate the latter day radical version of ethnomethodology (EM), and critically assess the ethno-”methodological” presuppositions, main concepts, and especially an uncommunicative distinction between so called classical accountability and natural accountability. There are four dilemmas that confront Harold Garfinkel in his attempts to explicate the epistemological foundations of fundamental “radical phenomenon“. They are following: first, the “dilemma of trivialization”, including an unarticulated relation between the abstractedness and concreteness; second, the dilemma of relativism; third, the dilemma of empiricism; fourth, the contradiction between subjectivity and objectivity. The conclusion is that, despite the very interesting attempts of classical ethnomethodology to explicate empirically the phenomenology of social action, the latter day radical version of ethnomethodology give up the problem of meaningful and intelligible conditions of social action, and instead reflects Garfinkel’s engagement with 1) a radical form of micro-linguistic a-theory and 2) a naturalist version of epistemological anti-realism.
Šiądienos kritinės teorijos klausimu
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas
Published: January 2019

The task of this article is to renew the discussion about the theoretical structure which includes both analytical and normative elements. The main theoretical problem analyzed in the article is the identifi­cation of analytical and normative elements in the structure of critical social theory and the analysis of the relationship between these elements in contemporary practice theories. The article seeks to answer the ques­tion why the concept of critique in contemporary practice theories is changed by the concept of reflexivity. The article aims to emphasize the implications of this „innocent“ terminological change for contemporary critical social theories, distinguished from early Critical Theory of Frankfurt School.
Socialinio darbo kokybės vadyba Nyderlanduose: principai ir požiūris
Authors: Braakenburg Henri
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje apžvelgiama socialinio darbo kokybės vadyba Nyderlanduose. Pirmiausia pristatoma socialinio darbo kokybės sampratos raida. Iki šeštojo dešimtmečio socialinės globos sektoriuje dominavo paternalistiškas požiūris į socialinio darbo kokybę – organizacijų legitimumas priklausė nuo to ar jų veikla atitinka politinės valdžios nustatytus reikalavimus. Vėliau diferencijuojantis socialinės globos sektoriui, vis labiau plito savivaldos idėjos, kurių pasekmė buvo ta, kad politinė valdžia nustatė tik bendras pagrindines gaires, o socialinės globos paslaugas teikiančios organizacijos, draudimo bendrovės ir klientų organizacijos pačios tarpusavyje tarėsi dėl kokybės. Šiuo metu Nyderlanduose socialinio darbo kokybė yra suprantama visuotinės kokybės vadybos perspektyvoje, kuri yra geriausia strategija siekiant suderinti skirtingus kokybės aspektus – tai, kas yra kokybė klientams, nebūtinai yra kokybė profesionalams ar paslaugų finansuotojams. Visuotinės kokybės vadyba yra grįsta kokybės modeliais (pavyzdžiui, ISO), kuriais yra vertinama visos sistemos (klientai, paslaugų finansuotojai, profesionalai, organizacijų administratoriai) kokybė. Straipsnyje pateikiami ir aptariami Nyderlandų socialinio darbo kokybės principai ir kokybės užtikrinimo metodai, kurie yra sudedamosios visuotinės kokybės vadybos dalys.
The Contribution of Swedish International Development and Co-operation Agency (SIDA) into the implementation of Community Social Services Development Project
Authors: Zabieta Alfredas
Published: January 2019

The goal of the paper is to present the content and implementation of “Community social services development” project. The project was executed in collaboration between Swedish International Development and Co-operation Agency (SIDA) and the Ministry of Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania. The main goal of the project was to construct the alternative social service system. The financial resources of SIDA were used to evaluate the project and to finance qualification improvement programs.
Bendruomenės kūrimas Lietuvoje: strategija ir taktika
Authors: Beresnevičiūtė Danguolė
Published: January 2019

Straipsnio tikslas buvo išanalizuoti bendruomenės kūrimo Lietuvoje psichologines prielaidas. Straipsnis susideda iš trijų dalių. Pirmoje dalyje yra aptariama bendruomenės sąvoka socialinės psichologijos ir suaugusiųjų švietimo požiūriu. Antroje dalyje apibrėžiamas socialinio darbuotojo vaidmuo kuriant bendruomenę. Trečioje dalyje yra pateikiamas psichologinis bendruomenės kūrimo Lietuvoje modelis strategijos ir taktikos aspektu.
Development of Community in Lithuania: Strategy and Tactics
Authors: Beresnevičiūtė Danguolė
Published: January 2019

The goal of the paper is to present the psychological determinants for community building in Lithuania. There are three parts of the paper. The discussion about community concept through the perspectives of social psychology and pedagogy takes place in the first part. The role of social worker in community building process is discussed in the second part. The strategy and tactics of psychological way to build community is provided in the final part of the paper.
Sistemų teorija ir socialinis darbas/socialinė pedagogika
Authors: Wagner Harald
Published: January 2019

There is a need for the reflection in social work as in other professions. The area, problems and methods of social work are complex and it requires high quality competences. The goal of social work science is to solve these problems, but it is not yet established. Meanwhile social workers have to interact with the complexity in social work and it would be good to have a common theoretical framework at the hand. The theory of systems theory can take that role. The goal of the article is to present and review a systems theory and to describe the potentials of the theory to solve the complexity in social work. The main concepts of the theory are presented and illustrated by the examples of social work practice.
Humaniškas auklėjimas - tik viltis?
Authors: Willnatis Arnoldas
Published: January 2019

The conception of humanistic education is presented in the paper. The concepts of humanity and education are presented in the first part. The analytical lenses are presented in the second part. The phenomena is analysed in the philosophical, ethical and practical dimensions. It is shown that the concept of humanistic education is related to organisation. Any organisation can be viewed through the lenses of humanistic education. And it is possible to evaluate certain organisation in the perspective of humanistic education. The author argues, that educational organisations must seek to become humanistic and the strategy for the transformation into the humanistic educational organisation is presented.
Vaikų ir jaunimo dalyvavimo akcijų Vokietijoje tikslų analizė
Authors: Danner Stefan
Published: January 2019

The goals of participation policy of youth and children is presented and analysed in the paper. The first goal is to create the opportunity for the children and youth to implement their civil right to establish themselves. The goal is derived from the idea of democracy. The second goal is to let the children and youth to participate in the establishment of civil society. Also it is important to create the ways to motivate the children and youth. The third goal is to utilise the expertise knowledge. The children and youth are experts in the knowledge of their living conditions. It is argued that the goals do not suit well to each other. The author is looking for the best trade offs.
Artimųjų, globojančių seno amžiaus žmogų šeimoje, patirtis
Authors: Užaitė Vytautė , Naujanienė Rasa
Published: January 2019

The goal of the paper is to review the studies, where the peculiarities of home care of old age people are analysed, and present the research, where the experiences of relative carers of old age incurable people. The authors employed the qualitative research strategy. There were four informants: three women and one man. The data analysis suggests the relatives start to care for incurable old age person, when there are not reversible health changes and they are diagnosed. The meaning of care process is the same as the ordinary help between the family members.
Sutrikusios psichikos asmenų psichosocialinė reabilitacija Respublikinėje Vilniaus Psichaitrijos ligoninėje ir bendruomenėje
Authors: Buginytė Alma , Mickienė Fausta
Published: January 2019

In recent years greater attention was given to the problem solution of mental patients, their rehabilitation, treatment and integration into community. Psychosocial rehabilitational measures need to be undertaken right away after the acute stage of an disorder, and carried on as long as necessary. They are indispensible for returning mentally disabled individuals into society and improving quality of their life. This paper conveys the result of statistical analysis of rehabilitational procedures performed by the social work department in Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital (666 beds). The research was carried on adult patients with various disorders each year by means of questionnaires about involvement in rehabilitation activities at hospital and in the community. Their impact on the quality of life and evaluation of social workers’ pa1ticipation. l00 questionnaires were collected each year (2005 and 2006) and processed quantitively. Conclusions and recommendations for improvement of rehabilitative opportunities were formulated. While in hospital, the patients willingly joined occupational activities and viewed positively the assistance from social workers. However, the use of rehabilitational resources in the community decreased.
FRITZ REDLS BEITRAG ZUR PSYCHOANALYTISCHEN PADAGOGIK
Authors: Danner Stefan
Published: January 2019

Fritz Redl hat sein pädagogisch-therapeutisches Konzept unter anderem durch die Arbeit mit hochaggressi ven Kindern im Pioneer House in Detroit entwickelt. Das Konzept zielt auf die Beseitigung von Ich-Störungen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt nicht auf der Arbeit in der zeitlich und räumlich abgesondert verlaufenden Einzeltherapie, sondern auf der flexiblen pädagogisch-therapeutischen Arbeit, die durchgängig und direkt an den alltäglichen Gruppensituationen im Heimalltag ansetzt. Wesentliche Elemente des Konzeptes sind das Prinzip der Antisepsis, das Lifc Space Interview sowie die Kombination verschiedener Einzeltechniken der Verhaltenssteuerung.