bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КЛАПАННАЯ БРОНХОБЛОКАЦИЯ ПРИ ДЕСТРУКТИВНОМ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗЕ: ФОКУС НА ВЕНТИЛЯЦИОННУЮ ФУНКЦИЮ ЛЕГКИХ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Чушкин Михаил Иванович , Попова Лидия Анатольевна , Шергина Елена Александровна , Шабалина Ирина Юрьевна , Карпина Наталья Леонидовна
Published: January 2020

Цель работы: изучение последствий эндоскопической клапанной бронхоблокации (ЭКББ) для вентиляционной функции легких и выявление факторов, оказывающих влияние на изменение функциональных показателей у больных деструктивным туберкулезом (ТБ) легких. Материал и методы: у 88 больных деструктивным ТБ легких исследовано в динамике функциональное состояние легких в процессе формирования локального искусственного коллапса легкого после установки эндобронхиального клапана (Эк). Изучены изменения функциональных показателей спирометрии. Результаты: ЭКББ приводила к значительному ухудшению вентиляционной функции легких всего у 36% пациентов. Это происходило как за счет снижения жизненной емкости легких, так и за счет ухудшения бронхиальной проходимости. Частота и выраженность снижения вентиляционной функции легких были обратно пропорциональны исходному состоянию форсированной жизненной емкости легких (ФЖЕЛ) и объему форсированного выдоха за 1 секунду (ОФВ) и не зависели от возраста пациентов, распространенности процесса, места установки ЭК и объема «выключения» легочной ткани. Заключение: ЭКББ приводит к значительному снижению функции легких только у трети пациентов, и наличие исходных функциональных нарушений не увеличивает его вероятность.
РЕАКТАНТЫ ОСТРОЙ ФАЗЫ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ ЛЕГКИХ, СОЧЕТАННЫМ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Бережная Ольга Олеговна , Абдуллаев Ризван Юсиф Оглы , Комиссарова Оксана Геннадьевна , Романов Владимир Викторович
Published: January 2020

Цель исследования. Изучение динамики показателей реактантов острой фазы в процессе комплексного лечения больных туберкулезом (ТБ), сочетанным с разными типами сахарного диабета (СД), до начала и в процессе лечения. Материалы и методы исследования. Обследовано 100 больных ТБ легких, которые были разделены на 2 группы. В первую группу вошли 40 больных ТБ легких в сочетании с СД 1 типа (СД 1). Вторую группу составили 60 больных ТБ легких в сочетании с СД 2 типа (СД 2). Определяли уровень С-реактивного белка (СРБ), сывороточного амилоидного белка А (SAA), а-антитрипсина (а-АТ), гаптоглобина (Hp) и фибриногена (Ф). Исследования проводили до начала и далее ежемесячно на протяжении первых 6 месяцев комплексного лечения. Результаты и выводы. Было установлено, что у больных с сочетанной патологией динамика изменения показателей реактантов острой фазы (РОФ) была прямо связана с его эффективностью. К исходу 6-месячного срока эффективного лечения уровень большинства РОФ у пациентов с обоими типами СД нормализовался, но сохранялось умеренное повышение а-АТ, свидетельствовавшее о незавершенности воспалительного процесса и, возможно, связанное с активацией реакций ограниченного протеолиза в ходе репаративных процессов. При этом отдельные показатели изменялись у больных с разными типами СД с различной скоростью. Нормализация большинства реактантов острой фазы в ходе эффективного лечения у пациентов с СД 2 была более медленной. Различная скорость снижения и нормализации отдельных РОФ у пациентов с разными типами СД, по-видимому, была связана с особенностями затихания у них защитных реакций организма по мере преодоления инфекционной агрессии и рассасывания воспалительного субстрата. При неэффективном лечении положительная динамика СРБ и sAa была замедленной и неполной, а исходно высокие показатели а,-АТ и Hp не менялись на протяжении всего срока лечения.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ САРКОИДОЗА В СОЧЕТАНИИ С ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ СЕРДЦА, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Абубикиров Анвер Фатикович , Леонова Елена Игоревна , Мазаева Лариса Алексеевна , Медведев Александр Владимирович , Шмелев Евгений Иванович
Published: January 2020

Процесс диагностики саркоидоза легких и внутригрудных лимфатических узлов (ВГЛУ), сочетанного с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) остается несовершенным. Более трети больных вместо рационального и активного дообследования получают длительные курсы противотуберкулезной и кортикостероидной терапии. Частота диагностических ошибок сохраняется на высоком уровне - 50-70%. Цель исследования: установление причин ошибок и особенностей диагностики саркоидоза у больных с наличием ИБС. Материалы и методы: исследование выполнено на базе пульмонологического отдела ФГБНУ «ЦНИИТ». Проведен анализ результатов обследования 49 больных саркоидозом легких и ВГЛУ без ИБС и 38 больных саркоидозом легких и ВГЛУ с ИБС. Результаты и обсуждение. При наличии ИБС ошибки диагностики саркоидоза регистрируются в 1,35 раза чаще, чем при ее отсутствии. Они связаны с неправильной трактовкой симптомов (у 13,5% больных), результатов функционального (18,41%) и рентгенологического (28,93%) исследований. Основная причина ошибок - недостаточное применение современных методов диагностики, включая компьютерную томографию (КТ) органов грудной клетки (ОГК) и бронхологическое исследование, отсутствие своевременной морфологической верификации диагноза. Заключение. У 60,49% больных ИБС отмечены трудности диагностики саркоидоза легких и ВГЛУ. Ошибки первичной диагностики саркоидоза связаны с малосимптомным течением заболевания в начальных стадиях, несоответствием клинических проявлений степени выраженности изменений в легких, скудностью функциональных нарушений. Наибольшие трудности отмечены при проведении дифференциальной диагностики с туберкулезом легких - 12,24%, со злокачественными новообразованиями - 8,16%, внебольничной пневмонией - 5,26%. Своевременное использование современных методов диагностики (КТ ОГК, морфологическая верификация диагноза) сокращает число ошибок в 1,34 раза.
АКТИВНОСТЬ IN VITRO КОМБИНАЦИИ НАНОСЕРЕБРА С ИЗОНИАЗИДОМ И РИФАМПИЦИНОМ ПРОТИВ MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Никоненко Борис Владимирович , Майоров Константин Борисович , Ревина Александра Анатольевна , Захаров Андрей Владимирович , Эргешов Атаджан Эргешович
Published: January 2020

Распространение штаммов Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), устойчивых к противотуберкулезным препаратам, требует разработки новых лекарственных средств и подходов в лечении туберкулезной инфекции. Помимо разработки и создания новых противотуберкулезных препаратов одним из перспективных направлений в этой области является применение наночастиц серебра (НС), которые обладают широким спектром антибактриальной активности, включая микобактерии туберкулеза. В настоящей работе показано, что НС обладают in vitro высокой бактерицидной активностью против Mtb музейного штамма H37Rv и изониазид (INH-резистентного изолята CN-40. При комбинировании НС с INH и рифампицином (RIF) в различных концентрациях взаимодействие имеет синергический характер в активности против Mtb H37Rv.
ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ МИКОБАКТЕРИЙ МЕТОДОМ ЛЮМИНЕСЦЕНТНОЙ МИКРОСКОПИИ. ЧАСТЬ 2. МИКРОСКОПИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРЕПАРАТОВ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Севастьянова Элина Викторовна , Ларионова Елена Евгеньевна , Андриевская Ирина Юрьевна , Смирнова Татьяна Геннадьевна
Published: January 2020

Изложен метод выявления микобактерий (МБ) с помощью микроскопического исследования препаратов, окрашенных люминесцентными красителями. Описаны порядок подготовки люминесцентного микроскопа к работе и техника микроскопического исследования препарата. Предложена методика количественного учета результатов микроскопического исследования, основанная на исследовании стандартной площади препарата. Показано, что количество просматриваемых полей зрения варьируется в зависимости от используемого увеличения конкретного люминесцентного микроскопа. Даны рекомендации по количеству полей зрения, просмотр которых обеспечивает исследование требуемой площади препарата при использовании различных увеличений люминесцентного микроскопа.
Dynamics of Cropping Pattern in Karimnagar District of Telangana – A Markov Chain Approach
Authors: A. Rajini Devi D. , Uma Reddy R. , Madavi B. , Ravi P. , Sadvi P.
Published: January 2020

The assessment of shift in cropping pattern in several regions is crucial for a much better insight into the agricultural development method. The present study was undertaken to examine the dynamics of cropping pattern in Karimnagar district of Telangana. The data was collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Telangana from 1966-67 to 2016-17 and it was analysed with the help of Markov chain by decade wise and for last decade, analysed for five periods. The major findings from the study revealed that any set of crops did not retain its area in Karimnagar, but the acreage of the crops was continuously shifting from one set of crops to another set throughout the period. The cereals area was observed to be more stable while the loss of area from cereals towards commercial crops like cotton and turmeric etc. Indicated that the cropping pattern of the region moves towards diversification in northern Telangana zone. There is a larger scope for deciding within the choice of crops to place the agriculture on the pedestal of property growth that has to be thought-about in analysis and extension programmes.
Adoption of Good Management Practices by the Gaushalas (Cow-shed) in Karnataka State, India
Authors: Mandi Kalyan , Subash S.
Published: January 2020

Gaushalas play a vital role in safeguarding the cattle wealth of our country. It is primarily occupied with providing shelter to cows and is catering mostly the needs of non-lactating, weak, unproductive and stray cattle. However, a few fore front Gaushalas also maintain nucleus herd for in-situ conservation of indigenous purebred cows and produce quality males so as to enhance productivity of indigenous breeds. With this view, present study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the level of adoption of good management practices by the Gaushalas. The study was conducted in Karnataka State involving 40 out of 80 registered Gaushalas, categorized as small (n=12), medium (n=18) and large (n=10) Gaushalas based on the herd size. Good management practices play an important role in improving the production performances of cattle, enhancing efficiency of animals in Gaushalas. In the present study ‘adoption’ was operationalised as the degree to which the good management practices viz., breeding, feeding, healthcare, general management and hygienic milk production, were adopted in the Gaushalas.
Hematotoxic Effect of Water Soluble Fraction of Bonny Light Crude Oil in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Nicholas Abraham, Chiedozie , Udom Godwin J. , Patrick-Iwuanyanwu Kingsley C.
Published: January 2020

This study evaluated the Hematotoxic effect of water soluble fraction (WSF) of Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO) in Wistar Albino rats. After preparation of the WSF and a range finding test, the Wistar albino rats were administered three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of WSF of BLCO for 30 and 60days. Data from the study showed that there was a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in PCV values (30.2% in the control group to 17.2% in the 100% group), Hb levels decreased significantly from 9.25 g/dl in the control group to 5.27 g/dl in the 100% group. WBC count decreased significantly from 2932 mm3 in the control group to 136 mm3 in the 100% group and finally RBC count decreased significantly from 241.8E4 mm3 to 567 mm3 with increasing concentrations in the treatment groups after 60days administration. These results suggest that the oral consumption of the WSF of BLCO led to an onset of anaemia which indicates the presence of less than normal concentrations of PCV, Hb and RBC.
Nursing Care for Patients Submitted to Coronary Transluminal Angioplasty: An Integrative Review
Authors: Costa Gabriel Fazzi , Sardinha Daniele Melo , Oliveira Virgínia Mercês Lara Pessoa , Barata Faena Santos , Silva Paulo Henrique Viana da , Mafra Ingrid Naiana Pinto , Oliveira Larysse Caldas de , Lima Tatiana Fabíola da Silva , Nunes Maria Catarina Anselmo
Published: January 2020

Aims: To verify the scientific evidence in the literature about nursing care after coronary transluminal angioplasty, from 2005 to 2019.

Methodology: This is an Integrative Review, performed in the LILACS, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases, including original and review articles, theses, dissertations and monographs published in Portuguese or English in the last 15 years (2005-2019). Data were collected using the Ursi’s instrument and data analysis was carried out by the use Bardin’s Content Analysis.

Results: 06 articles were found and two categories emerged: Nursing diagnoses after coronary transluminal angioplasty and Nursing interventions after coronary transluminal angioplasty. The nursing process should be carried out in its entirety so that the results of nursing care are effective and the improvement of the quality of the services provided is continuous.  

Conclusion: it is concluded that nursing actions are beyond bedside care, as they also include management services of inputs and human resources.
Smallholder Farmers’ Perception on Mobile Phone Advisory Potential in Farming in Bhagalpur, India
Authors: Kumar Panda Chandan , Divakar Shashikant , Paswan Anil , Azad Chandrashekhar , Tyagi Shashank
Published: January 2020

Mobile phones become an omnipotent device in human interface and interpersonal communication and itself become a paramount tool for grassroots agricultural extension linkage. It was investigated to extrapolate smallholder farmers' perception of Mobile Phone Advisory Potential in Farming. Data were collected from 120 (one hundred twenty) farmers and it was found most of the farmers were middle age group (50%), education level up to Secondary level (35.84%) and annual income INR 3 to 4 lakhs (33%). The respondent's perception on Mobile Phone Advisory Potential in farming was, prospective tools to reach the unreached; any time retrieval of the message; better decision-makers; message relevance in sustainable mobile advisory usage; and high mobility to users. Farmer's decision making in farming is positively and significantly correlated with information access level (0.458**) social esteem and upscaling of mobile advisory usage (0.318*) and better information sharing and feedback (0.304*). Result also revealed that 54.17 per cent of farmers possessed a smartphone and use WhatsApp. Bihar Krishi Application (45%) and Social media youtube (48.33%) are getting popularity among the farming community in decision making. From the study it can be concluded that more agricultural related information should be made available in social media, agricultural information available in social media should be more localised and customised. Grassroots extension functionaries, viz. agri-input dealers and progressive farmers should be trained to used more ICT tools in general and smartphone in particular.
Clove Extract (Syzygium aromaticum) in Germination and Sanity of Catingueira Seeds (Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz)
Authors: Pereira de Almeida Ediglécia , Gonçalves da Costa Lenita , Alves de Andrade Nathany , José Campelo dos Santos Gilvan , José de Holanda Leite Maria
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of Clove extract (Syzygium aromaticum) on germination and sanity of Catingueira seeds (Poincianella pyramidalis). Five treatments with Clove extract of India were applied at the following concentrations T1 (Control) = 40 mL of sterile H2O, T2= 10 mL extract + 30 mL of sterile H2O, T3= 20 mL extract + 20 mL of sterile H2O, T4= 30 mL extract + 10 mL of sterile H2O and T5= 40 mL of extract. P. pyramidalis seeds were immersed in due concentrations for 30 seconds, then placed in sterilized Petri dishes and taken to isolation chapel. The sanity test lasted seven days, after this period, the associated microorganisms were evaluated in the seeds. For germination tests, the same treatments used for the health test were used. At the end of the experiment the percentage of germinated seeds, the Germination Speed Index (IVG), Mean Germination Time (TMG), Mean Germination Speed (VMG) and the length of part area and root were calculated. Clove extract (Syzygium aromaticum) showed no toxic effect on germination and development of Poincianella pyramidalis. It was indicated the concentration of 25 and 50% of the extract, because it provided a higher germination percentage, IVG, VMG and TMG to seeds of the species Poincianella pyramidalis. Further studies with immersion time of the seeds higher than those of this research are suggested.
Agronomic Characteristics and Productivity and Oil Content of Canola Crop as a Function of Poultry Litter Use
Authors: Cequinatto Corvalan Daronch Ana Gabriela , C. T. da Costa Antonio , Carmo Lana Maria do , Duarte Júnior José B. , Araújo Barbosa Jaqueline de
Published: January 2020

Aims: Poultry litter is an organic residue that can be used as fertilizer for crops such as canola that require high nutrient demand. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic characteristics, productivity and oil content of canola crop as a function of poultry litter use.

Study Design: The experiment was conducted in the field in a randomized block design with 4 replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in a property in the city of Serranópolis do Iguaçu, state of Paraná, between May and September, 2016.

Methodology: The treatments were the doses of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 t ha-1 of poultry litter from 6 lots of broiler chickens production. Hyola 433 hybrid was used. Sowing was performed on May 6 and harvest on September 30, totaling a 145-day-cycle. The row spacing used was 0.5 m, resulting in a density of 400 thousand plants ha-1.

Results: In canola cultivation the poultry manure fertilization does not affected the leaf N and K contents, plant height, number of grains per silica, number of silica per plant and thousand grain mass. The leaf P content increased from the 16 t ha-1 as the doses increase. The highest yield (2.5 t ha-1) and the highest oil content (43.2%) were obtained with the 8 t ha-1 dose.

Conclusion: In conclusion the canola fertilized with poultry litter was significant for some variables and for the productivity and quantity of oil in the treatment of v) 8 t ha-1 and vi) 16 t ha-1 for phosphorus content in leaf tissue.

It is also concluded that high doses of poultry litter doses not provide increase in canola crop variables.
Atomic Force Microscope‐Based Meniscus‐Confined Three‐Dimensional Electrodeposition
Authors: Eliyahu David , Gileadi Eliezer , Galun Ehud , Eliaz Noam
Published: January 2020

The development of a 3D electrochemical deposition system, which combines meniscus‐confined electrodeposition (MCED) with atomic force microscope (AFM) closed‐loop control and has a submicron resolution, is described. Thanks to the high rigidity of the hollow borosilicate glass (or quartz) tip and quartz crystal tuning fork (QTF), combined with the QTF's high force sensitivity, the use of a solution‐filled AFM tip in air is successful. The AFM control enables full automation and in situ growth control. Using this scheme, 3D printing of high‐quality, fully dense, uniform and exceptionally smooth, freestanding straight and overhang pure polycrystalline copper pillars, with diameters ranging from 1.5 µm to 250 nm, and an aspect ratio > 100, is demonstrated. This process may be useful for manufacturing of high‐frequency terahertz antennas, high‐density interconnects, precision sensors, micro‐ and nano‐electromechanical systems, batteries, and fuel cells, as well as for repair or modification of existing micro‐sized or nano‐sized features.
Butterfly Wing Inspired High Performance Infrared Detection with Spectral Selectivity
Authors: Shen Qingchen , Ma Shuai , Luo Zhen , An Shun , He Jiaqing , Zhang Ruoxi , Tao Peng , Song Chengyi , Wu Jianbo , Potyrailo Radislav A. , Deng Tao , Shang Wen
Published: January 2020

This work explores an alternative infrared (IR) detection mechanism that is based on the desorption of vapor molecules from the Morpho butterfly nanostructures under the stimulation of incoming IR photons, and demonstrates the use of such stimulated desorption for both broadband and wavelength selective IR detection. Compared to the structural deformation‐based IR detection using the Morpho nanostructures, this detection mechanism enables more than an order of magnitude of improvement in both the response of relative reflectance and also the signal‐to‐noise ratio at the maximum heat‐sink‐free response speed. The stimulated desorption also provides the opportunity to achieve the wavelength selective IR detection due to the wavelength selective IR absorption of the adsorbed molecules. With the demonstrated high performance in both broadband and wavelength selective IR detection, this detection approach can potentially enable other high performance sensing systems, including chemical vapor, biological, energy, and environmental sensing systems.
Nutritional qualities, chemical compositions, and yield of chicory genotypes
Authors: Poursakhi Nazanin , Razmjoo Jamshid , Karimmojeni Hassan
Published: January 2020

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) has been used as a forage crop in some parts of the world. Forage chicory is a highly digestible, nonbloating feed source which is characterized by high nutritive and mineral contents. However, limited information is available on nutritional qualities, chemical compositions, and yield of different genotypes of chicory. Therefore, a 2‐yr study was conducted to evaluate the qualitative traits and forage yield of chicory genotypes. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications using eight chicory genotypes (‘Ardestan,’ ‘Hamadan,’ ‘Shiraz,’ ‘Mazandaran,’ ‘Sanandaj,’ ‘Kashan,’ ‘Yazd,’ and ‘Mashhad’). The crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash content (ASH), non‐fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and dry herbage yield (DHY) were significantly influenced by genotypes. Yazd was the superior chicory genotype compared to tested genotypes in terms of high CP, ASH, NFC, N, K, Cu, and Zn and low NDF and ADF contents, while Sanandaj showed the highest forage yield. Our results indicate that chicory can be considered as a promising forage crop in a semi‐arid environment and also allows for the selection of better genotype for direct cultivation or breeding purpose.
Nitrogen mineralized in anaerobiosis as indicator of soil aggregate stability
Authors: Rivero Camila , Tourn Santiago N. , García Gisela V. , Videla Cecilia C. , Domínguez Germán F. , Studdert Guillermo A.
Published: January 2020

Monitoring soil health status is imperative to pursue sustainable agriculture. Aggregate stability (AS) is fundamental to define several soil functions and, therefore, physical soil health. The objectives of this work were to (i) evaluate the effect of contrasting cropping systems on AS, soil (SOC) and particulate (POC) organic carbon, and anaerobic nitrogen (AN) both in bulk soil and in macroaggregates (MA), and (ii) assess the relationship between AS and AN both in bulk soil and in MA to facilitate soil physical health monitoring. Aggregate stability, AN, SOC and POC were evaluated at three depths (0–5, 5–20, and 0–20 cm) in a Mollisol of the Southeastern Argentinean Pampas under a long‐term experiment of cropping systems (crop‐pasture rotations under conventional tillage [CT] and no‐tillage [NT]). Bulk‐soil SOC and POC contents and AN showed the effect of cropping systems, especially the effect of crop‐pasture rotation and at 0–5 cm depth. However, NT did not lead to SOC sequestration except at 0–5 cm depth. In turn, pastures in the rotation and NT improved AS. Bulk‐soil AN explained 75, 41, and 71% of AS at 0–5, 5–20, and 0–20 cm depths, respectively, and provides an indication of AS status. Instead, AN in MA did not explain bulk‐soil AS changes as much as bulk‐soil AN, except at 0–5 cm depth. Therefore, it is not worth determining AN in MA. However, routine bulk‐soil AN determination at 0–20 cm depth by producers to diagnose nitrogen soil fertility would also provide an additional valuable indication of AS status.
New Insights on the Control and Function of Octopus Suckers
Authors: Bagheri Hosain , Hu Anna , Cummings Sheldon , Roy Cayla , Casleton Rachel , Wan Ashley , Erjavic Nicole , Berman Spring , Peet Matthew M. , Aukes Daniel M. , He Ximin , Pratt Stephen C. , Fisher Rebecca E. , Marvi Hamid
Published: January 2020

Octopuses utilize their suckers for a myriad of functions such as chemo‐ and mechanosensing, exploring and manipulating objects, anchoring the body during crawling, and navigating through narrow passages. The sucker attachment mechanism grants the octopus the ability to perform many of these tasks. The goal of this study is to analyze sucker function and control through the assessment of pull‐off forces under different conditions. Sucker pull‐off forces are measured in Octopus bimaculoides (three females, seven males), when the arm is intact, amputated, and amputated with the suckers punctured. Greater sucker pull‐off forces are observed for amputated arms, plausibly indicating that the brain and/or the interbrachial commissure are responsible for triggering early sucker detachment in the intact animal. In addition, after piercing and compromising the sucker cavity, pull‐off force significantly decreases, indicating that the primary mechanism for sucker attachment is suction, and is less dependent on adhesion. These results provide new insights into the control and function of octopus suckers that can be integrated into the design and development of soft robot arms for aquatic applications.
Corn Cash Price Forecasting
Authors: Xu Xiaojie
Published: January 2020

We examine the forecasting problem in a data set of daily corn cash prices from seven states: Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas. We assess thirty individual time series models and ten combined forecasts based on six trimming strategies across three out‐of‐time evaluation periods, seven horizons, and two systems (bi‐ and multivariate). Using the unrestricted least squares without an intercept to estimate combination weights of individual models without trimming arrives at the lowest root mean squared errors across all evaluation dimensions. Incorporating local cash prices in a model could benefit accuracy, especially for relatively longer out‐of‐time evaluation periods and forecast horizons. Our results suggest model recalibration frequency no lower than one month. Discussions of empirical findings at a more granular level also are presented, including comparisons of individual time series models and those of combined forecasts based on different trimming strategies. The forecasting framework shown here is not difficult to implement and has potential of generalizing to other commodities. This article thus contributes to fulfilling different forecasting users' information needs for decision making under various circumstances.
Enhancing Light‐Absorption and Luminescent Properties of Non‐Emissive 1,3,4,6,9b‐Pentaazaphenalene through Perturbation of Forbidden Electronic Transition by Boron Complexation
Authors: Watanabe Hiroyuki , Kawano Yuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: January 2020

We report an improvement of optical properties of the non‐emissive molecule through shuffling the molecular orbitals by boron complexation. The 1,3,4,6,9b‐pentaazaphenelene (5AP) derivative having a 2‐(dimesitylboryl)phenyl group was synthesized through a substitution reaction from a 2‐bromophenyl compound. The formation of the B−N dative bond was confirmed by 11B{1H} NMR spectroscopy and a single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. Most of the conventional 5AP derivatives hardly showed emission despite their planar and rigid molecular structures. The previous reports on 5AP derivatives ascribed the non‐luminescent behavior to the forbidden transition between frontier orbitals. On the other hand, the 5AP‐based boron complex in this work showed enhanced light absorption and luminescence from the HOMO−LUMO transition. Theoretical calculations suggested that the boron complexation should play a critical role in perturbing the forbidden character of the HOMO−LUMO transition. Because the nitrogen atom on the 5AP moiety formed the Lewis acid−base pair with the boron atom, the energy level of the HOMO of 5AP was downshifted. The character of the HOMO−LUMO transition of the boron complex was changed to afford the improved optical properties of the boron complex.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Dicarbondiphosphides: Strong Neutral Four‐Membered Heterocyclic 6π‐Electron Donors
Authors: Li Zhongshu , Chen Xiaodan , Liu Liu Leo , Scharnhölz Moritz Theodor , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: January 2020

In contrast to cyclic π‐conjugated hydrocarbons, the coordination chemistry of inorganic heterocycles is less developed. Dicarbondiphosphides stabilized by N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) NHC→C2P2←NHC (1 a,b) (NHC=IPr or SIPr) contain a four‐membered C2P2 ring with an aromatic 6π‐electron configuration. These heterocycles coordinate to a variety of complex fragments with metals from groups 6, 9, and 10, namely [M0(CO)3] (M=Cr, Mo), [CoI(CO)2]+, or [NiIIBr2], through an η4‐coordination mode, leading to complexes 2 a,b, 3 a,b, 5 a,b, and 6 a,b, respectively. These complexes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction methods using single crystals, IR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. In combination these methods indicate that 1 a,b behave as exceptionally strong 6π‐electron donors.
The Molecular Composition of Soot
Authors: Jacobson Rachelle S. , Korte Andrew R. , Vertes Akos , Miller J. Houston
Published: January 2020

Soot (sometimes referred to as black carbon) is produced when hydrocarbon fuels are burned. Our hypothesis is that polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules are the dominant component of soot, with individual PAH molecules forming ordered stacks that agglomerate into primary particles (PP). Here we show that the PAH composition of soot can be exactly determined and spatially resolved by low‐fluence laser desorption ionization, coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry imaging. This analysis revealed that PAHs of 239–838 Da, containing few oxygenated species, comprise the soot observed in an ethylene diffusion flame. As informed by chemical graph theory (CGT), the vast majority of species observed in the sampled particulate matter may be described as benzenoids, consisting of only fused 6‐membered rings. Within that limit, there is clear evidence for the presence of radical PAH in the particulate samples. Further, for benzenoid structures the observed empirical formulae limit the observed isomers to those which are nearly circular with high aromatic conjugation lengths for a given aromatic ring count. These results stand in contrast to recent reports that suggest higher aliphatic composition of primary particles.
Computer‐Assisted 3D Structure Elucidation (CASE‐3D): The Structural Value of 2JCH in Addition to 3JCH Coupling Constants
Authors: Koos Martin R. M. , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando , Anklin Clemens , Gil Roberto R.
Published: January 2020

We present a method to use long‐range CH coupling constants to derive the correct diastereoisomer from the molecular constitution of small molecules. A set of 79 2JCH and 3JCH values collected from a single HSQMBC experiment on a sample of strychnine were used in the CASE‐3D (computer‐assisted 3D structure elucidation) protocol. In addition to the most commonly used 3JCH coupling constants, the subset of 32 2JCH values alone showed an excellent degree of configuration selection. The study is mainly based on comparison of DFT‐calculated 2,3JCH values with experimental ones, critical for the case of 2JCH. But the configuration selection also works well using 3JCH values predicted from a semi‐empirical Karplus‐based equation limited to H−C−C−C fragments. The robustness, shown using strychnine as a proof of concept, makes the J‐based CASE‐3D analysis a viable option for the application in fields such as peptide and carbohydrate research, organic synthesis, natural‐product identification and analysis, as well as medicinal chemistry.
Weakly Coordinated Cobaltacycles: Trapping Catalytically Competent Intermediates in Cp*CoIIICatalysis
Authors: Martínez de Salinas Sara , Sanjosé‐Orduna Jesús , Odena Carlota , Barranco Sergio , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Pérez‐Temprano Mónica H.
Published: January 2020

Herein, we disclose the synthesis of metallacyclic Cp*CoIIIcomplexes containing weakly chelating functional groups. We have employed these compounds not only as an exceptional platform for accessing some of the most widely invoked transient intermediates in C−H functionalization processes but also as competent catalysts in different Cp*Co‐catalyzed transformations, including a benchmark coupling reaction.
C−H Functionalization—Prediction of Selectivity in Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Competition Reactions
Authors: Valero Mégane , Kruissink Thomas , Blass Jennifer , Weck Remo , Güssregen Stefan , Plowright Alleyn T. , Derdau Volker
Published: January 2020

An assessment of the C−H activation catalyst [(COD)Ir(IMes)(PPh3)]PF6 (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene, IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) in the deuteration of phenyl rings containing different functional directing groups is divulged. Competition experiments have revealed a clear order of the directing groups in the hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) with an iridium (I) catalyst. Through DFT calculations the iridium–substrate coordination complex has been identified to be the main trigger for reactivity and selectivity in the competition situation with two or more directing groups. We postulate that the competition concept found in this HIE reaction can be used to explain regioselectivities in other transition‐metal‐catalyzed functionalization reactions of complex drug‐type molecules as long as a C−H activation mechanism is involved.
Polymeric encapsulation of liquids via plasma surface polymerization
Authors: Rezaei Farzad , Dickey Michael David , Hauser Peter Jacob
Published: January 2020

This study introduces a new approach of liquid encapsulation using an atmospheric pressure plasma (APP). The technique is similar to interfacial polymerization, though here one phase is liquid (that contains unsaturated C═C bonds) and the other phase is plasma (that contains free radicals). When combined, the atmospheric plasma can induce surface polymerization of an acrylate‐based liquid, resulting in a thin polymeric skin on top of the liquid. Measurements with an atomic force microscope and a spectroscopic ellipsometer estimate the thickness of the skin formed on top of di(ethylene glycol) diacrylate to be 40–50 nm. To demonstrate an application of this method, we encapsulated hemispherical capsules of reactive adhesives on a glass substrate. These adhesives are based on thiol‐acrylate and thiol‐acrylate‐epoxy systems that react in the presence of a strong base catalyst. Plasma‐induced polymerization can encapsulate, immobilize, and isolate separate droplets of resin and the catalyst in a latent (nonreactive) state. These capsules remain latent until they rupture in response to physical contact. A tensile testing machine reports an adhesive strength of ~ 2 MPa for the formulated resins after curing. The capsules reported here may be useful for storing functional liquids for just‐in‐time release, such as contact‐sensitive adhesives, on‐demand lubricants, or self‐healing agents. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48880.
Fabrication of κ‐carrageenan and whey protein isolate‐based films reinforced with nanocellulose: optimization via RSM
Authors: Sogut Ece
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to prepare nanocomposite films composed of whey protein isolate (W) and carrageenan (C) with nanocellulose (N) for food packaging applications. Response surface methodology was applied to investigate the effect of W concentration (v/v, 0–100%), glycerol/sorbitol (G/S) ratio (0–1), and N concentration (w/w, 0–5%) on the physicomechanical properties of film samples. Higher W and N contents and lower G/S ratios showed positive effect on rigidity of film samples, while introducing high concentration of N increased the water vapor permeability values with increasing plasticizer and C concentration. The highest water uptake values were observed in C based films, while a higher C content resulted in lower opacity values. The addition of nanocellulose into whey protein and carrageenan blend films in the presence of a plasticizer mixture improved the suitability of selected biopolymers for food packaging applications when compared to their neat films. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48902.
The electrical performance and conductive network of reduced graphene oxide‐coated ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene fibers through electrostatic interaction and covalent bonding
Authors: Wang Kui , Shen Lu , Song Changyuan , Zhang Yonggang , Chen Peng
Published: January 2020

In this work, methods for reactive coating with graphene (method A and B) are performed to demonstrate feasible ways to functionalize ultra‐high‐molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. First, fiber surfaces were polarized by polydopamine (PDA) with amino and hydroxyl groups. In method A, a benchmark method, polarized fibers were dipped into graphene oxide (GO) suspensions for multiple (e.g., eight) cycles to absorb GO, which was then reduced into graphene on fiber surface. In method B, dipping operations were repeated for the same number of cycles, but treatment using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) was applied to induce reactions between the hydroxyl groups and APS, followed by the same reduction treatment. Compared with method A, method B generated fibers with improved and durable surface electric resistance (104 Ω cm−1). The surface morphology and formation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) conductive networks of the two methods were analyzed. Results indicated that increasing content and the uniform distribution of rGO are beneficial to obtain a conductive network with low and durable surface electric resistance. This deduction was confirmed by loading amounts of rGO and AFM results. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48946.
Hearing Preservation Following Repeated Adenovector Delivery
Authors: Pfannenstiel Susanna C. , Praetorius Mark , Brough Douglas E. , Staecker Hinrich
Published: January 2020

Factors influencing the damage to the inner ear can include the surgical approach used for vector delivery, the volume of vector used, the buffer that the vector is suspended in as well as the host response to the vector capsid and vector genes that are transferred. We evaluated the effect of Ad5 capsid adenovectors on hearing function after delivery to the perilymph of adult C57Bl/6 mice. Hearing was evaluated before surgery and 3 days post‐surgery by auditory brain stem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). A second group of mice underwent repeated delivery of adenovector two times to determine if a preliminary exposure to an Ad vector could induce an inflammatory response leading to further loss. The first adenovector (Ad.11D.LacZ) was delivered to the posterior semicircular canal or via round window. In the second surgery, a second adenovector (Ad.11D.gfp) was delivered to the horizontal semicircular canal. The functional outcome was tested prior, 7 days post first vector delivery, and 3 days post second vector delivery via ABR and DPOAE. Dual delivery via the semicircular canals resulted in preservation of hearing suggesting that pre‐exposure to Ad5 capsid does not predispose to hearing loss. Delivery to the round window resulted in hearing loss that was worsened after the second vector delivery, suggesting that delivery route and prior injury to the inner ear rather than the repetition of delivery predisposes to further hearing loss. Anat Rec, 303:600–607, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Detecting possible persons of interest in a physical activity program using step entries: Including a web‐based application for outlier detection and decision‐making
Authors: Silva S. Sandun M. , Meyer Denny , Jayawardana Madawa
Published: January 2020

According to recent statistics from the World Health Organization, 23% of people aged 18 years and over are not sufficiently physically active. Strangely, this is at a time when, due to the improvement in sensor technology, physical activity programs that track physical activity have become popular. However, some participants who enroll in these programs cheat by manipulating the data they enter. This can be discouraging for other participants, also invalidating the overall accuracy of program outcomes. Therefore, detecting these participants and discarding their manipulated entries is important in order to maintain the quality of the program. Currently, most of these physical activity programs use manual processes to detect and reject fraudulent step entries by reviewing the participant's demographic profiles along with their longitudinal step count performance data. In this study, a process, including two parallel models for detecting person of interest characteristics and abnormal step count entries, is developed. The first model uses the penalized logistic regression with Synthetic Minority Over‐sampling Technique subsampling to address the imbalance in the proportion of genuine and persons of interest. Having a highly imbalanced distribution between genuine and person of interest profiles makes this task more challenging. The second model uses a variety of outlier detection methods to detect and reject abnormal step entries based on previously entered data. This process will be more efficient and productive compared to the current manual system and will support better decision‐making in the future. The proposed system can be applied for other fraud detection applications after suitable adjustments.
Spatial energy transfer with observation of bimolecular singlet oxygen emission using quantum dots as donors and zinc‐phthalocyanine as acceptors
Authors: Monte Adamo F. G. , Azevedo Guilherme , Reis Arnaldo F.
Published: January 2020

This study reports the influence of CdSe–ZnS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) for formation of singlet oxygen using zinc‐phthalocyanine (ZnPc) dyes in colloidal solutions. Using a microluminescence surface scan technique it was possible to measure accurately the photon diffusion length, or photon mean free path, inside the medium. Analyses were performed for a range of QD concentrations. Photon diffusion length was assigned to the bimolecular singlet oxygen emission at 707 nm. Related singlet oxygen emission was predicted by observing quenching of the photon diffusion length measured at the specific oxygen emission as a function of QD concentration, being a nontrivial phenomenon related to the QD donors. Diffusion length measured at 707 nm increased with QD concentration; in the absence of QDs, as in pure ZnPc samples, the emission peak at 707 nm was not observed.
Wet‐Spinning Fabrication of Flexible Conductive Composite Fibers from Silver Nanowires and Fibroin
Authors: Lu Ying , Jiang Jianwei , Park Sanghyuk , Wang Dong , Piao Longhai , Kim Jinkwon
Published: January 2020

Biocompatible flexible conductive composite fibers have attracted great research interest because of multitude of their potential applications, such as wearable devices, biomedical sensors, and actuators. Herein, highly conductive and flexible silver nanowire (AgNW)/fibroin composite fibers were fabricated by using a wet‐spinning technique. The composite fiber conductivity was as high as 5670 S/cm at an AgNW concentration of 29.1 wt%. The composite fibers also exhibited high flexibilities and could be folded without losing their conductivities. Furthermore, the composite fiber fabricated with a 3× draw ratio exhibited a breaking strain of 27.3% and breaking stress of 118.1 cN/dtex. Our attempt to produce such biocompatible flexible conductive composite fibers by using sustainable regenerated silk fibroins and compatible AgNWs via wet spinning may provide a practical way for fabricating functional biocompatible fiber materials.
Best practices for campus agency recruitment
Authors: Rahn Josh
Published: January 2020

In recent years, law enforcement in general has experienced a recruiting crisis. The combination of negative public perceptions of police work and low unemployment numbers means agencies large and small are competing for a dwindling pool of qualified and interested candidates. This crisis has not spared college and university police departments. However, campus agencies may be well‐positioned to overcome these challenges through a proactive recruitment strategy emphasizing community policing and the unique benefits available to officers.
Array Microcell Method (AMCM) for Serial Electroanalysis
Authors: Alden Sasha E. , Siepser Natasha P. , Patterson Jacqueline A. , Jagdale Gargi S. , Choi Myunghoon , Baker Lane A.
Published: January 2020

We describe a method for electrochemical measurement and synthesis based on the combination of a mobile micropipette and a microelectrode array, which we term the array microcell method (AMCM). AMCM has the ability to address single electrodes within a microelectrode array (MEA) and provides a simple, low‐cost format to enable versatile electrochemical measurements. In AMCM, a droplet at the tip of a movable micropipette (inner diameter of 50 μm) functions as an electrochemical cell, in which the electrode area is defined by a microelectrode of the array. We also report carbon MEAs that are well suited for AMCM and are fabricated from pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPFs). PPF‐MEAs with nominal electrode diameters of 5.5 μm are characterized by AMCM, standard macroscale electrochemical methods, and finite element modeling. The versatility of AMCM is demonstrated by measurement of single Pt microparticles and by electrodeposition of shape‐controlled Pt nanoparticles.
Large‐scale dynamic process monitoring based on performance‐driven distributed canonical variate analysis
Authors: Liu Jun , Song Chunyue , Zhao Jun , Ji Peng
Published: January 2020

As a typical process monitoring method for the large‐scale industrial process, the distributed principal components analysis (DPCA) needs to be improved because of its rough selection for the variables in each subblock. Moreover, for DPCA, the process dynamic property is ignored and invalid fault diagnosis may occur. Therefore, a performance‐driven distributed canonical variate analysis (DCVA) is proposed. Firstly, with historical fault information, the genetic algorithm is utilized to select appropriate variables for each subblock; secondly, canonical variate analysis is introduced to capture the dynamic information for performance improvement; finally, a novel fault diagnosis method is developed for the DCVA model. Case studies on a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Highlights

A novel fault diagnosis approach based on the distributed CVA model is presented.

The dynamic property of process data for each sub‐block is firstly captured by CVA.

With the genetic algorithm, the historical fault information is utilized to select appropriate variables in each sub‐block.

The superiority of the developed method is validated on the numerical example and the TE process.