bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerosol Formation and Transfer in Open- and Closed-Ended Heated Tobacco Products
Authors: Li Bin , Sun Yue , Fu Lili , Feng Lulu , Lei Ping , Liu Chuan , Han Jingmei , Shang Shanzhai , Wang Shuang , Wang Le , Pan Yonghua , Zhang Qi , Guo Zhongya , Huang Feng , Zhang Mingjian , Tang Jianguo , Wang Bing , Zhang Ke
Published: December 2022

A lit cigarette forms a positive and negative pressure zone by a puff with respect to the position of its paper burn line. Smoke aerosols generated from the two zones are then pulled through the rod under the puff to form the mainstream smoke. This phenomenon is fundamental to the thermophysics and the resultant chemical composition of the mainstream smoke. In this study, we created two different airflow pathways inside a heated tobacco rod by a puff, and investigated the differences in aerosol formation and its chemical compositions. The two different pressure-induced conditions, one through an open-ended tobacco rod (marked as HNB, a label of a designed airflow pathway of commercial heated tobacco products called heat-not-burn prior), and the other through a closed-ended tobacco rod (marked as NSC, a label of a novel-designed airflow pathway of heated tobacco products), were compared for their aerosol collected mass (ACM), the contents of nicotine, water and added aerosol agents such as propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (VG), as well as selected aldehydes and ketones in the mainstream aerosol. Aerosol particle distribution and the heated temperature along different rod locations were also compared during a puff. The results indicated marked differences in the aerosol formation processes between the two HNB and NSC systems. The transfer ratios of the main aerosol components were significantly higher for the NSC; the levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were significantly lower under the NSC than the HNB condition. There were also significant differences for the aerosol particle number concentration (APNC) and count median diameter (CMD) for the two systems. The lack of convective heat transfer in the aerosol formation under the NSC condition resulted in a relatively stable thermal aerosol generation zone, reflected by the temperature difference between the two systems in the selected locations. The NSC mode of tobacco heating thus offers a novel and enhanced aerosol generation for heat tobacco product designs.
Short-Term Study Abroad: Developing Global Englishes Awareness
Authors: Humphreys Gareth
Published: December 2022

English use in many short-term study abroad (STSA) contexts is often more fluid than in its common representation in language education. Based on such representation, students may develop perspectives towards effective language use as fixed on standard norms. Experiences of communication during STSA may help students form new perspectives towards English use, linked to Global Englishes (GE), which accounts for the fluidity of English use in global communication contexts. The formation of new perspectives may be evident in GE understandings, i.e., pluralistic over monolithic awareness of English, recognition of linguistic diversity among English users, acceptance of variability in English language use, and recognition of the role of English as lingua franca (ELF). This qualitative interview study investigated the development of GE awareness among 15 Japanese university students participating in different STSA. Semi-structured interviews were conducted pre-sojourn, post-sojourn, and six months later. A thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that while perspectives towards learning remained focused on standard norms, new GE awareness and practices emerged following social contact with other international students in linguistically and culturally diverse settings. The paper argues that the learning potential of multilingual and multicultural STSA experiences should be emphasised over “target” language focus on standard language norms.
Height–diameter relationship of plantation-grown juvenile black locust trees is differentiated according to their growth rate, which is positively affected by spacing
Authors: Stankova Tatiana , Dimitrova Proletka , Gyuleva Veselka , Stefanova Penka
Published: December 2022

The main objective of this study was to explore the height–diameter relationship of plantation-grown juvenile black locust trees and to clarify if the tree height can be adequately predicted at stand level from the breast-height diameter and which is the most appropriate functional form; if the predictions can be expanded to a wider region by mixed-effects modelling and which is the most relevant level for model localisation; if the random parameter components can be calibrated with stand-level variables and which of them is an appropriate predictor. We first fitted seven one-predictor models at plot level and we selected the most adequate simple function according to a set of goodness-of-fit criteria. It was then approximated over the entire data set in nine different mixed-effects model forms that were compared by Likelihood Ratio Test. Calibrations of the random parameter component of the best mixed-effects model with a height–diameter measurement of one tree at each occasion and with a function of a plantation-level variable were attempted.

Our study derived a mixed-effects and a two-predictor deterministic models, based on an exponential function of the reciprocal value of the diameter, with a constant intercept of 1.3. Height–diameter relationship localisation at plot level, regardless the geographic region, was most suitable for the investigated juvenile black locust data. The specific component of the rate parameter in the mixed-effects model form differentiated the plantations according to their growth potential. A positive correlation between the height increase and the growing space was also distinguished that allowed calibration of the mixed-effects rate parameter by a linear function of spacing to develop a two-predictor deterministic function. However, the mixed-effects model showed higher predictive power than the purely deterministic relationship.
Assessment of tree vitality as an indicator of monitoring the health condition of community forest in agroforestry patterns
Authors: Safe’i Rahmat , Puspita Eka Nala , Hilmanto Rudi
Published: December 2022

Community forest management usually applies agroforestry patterns because it is felt that they will provide more social, economic and ecological benefits. Optimal yields will be obtained if the community forest is healthy. It becomes an effort to prevent forest destruction at a low level through forest health, thereby ensuring the functions and benefits of managed community forests. One indicator of forest health is the amount of tree damage that occurs and the condition of the crown. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the vitality condition of agroforestry-patterned community forests and to serve as a reference for future decisions about the maintenance and development of these forests. This study was conducted in a community forest owned by members of the combined forest farmer groups Satria Rimba, Way Khilau District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The method used is the Assessment of Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. The parameters of the vitality condition assessment consist of tree damage and crown condition. This study provides results that show there are 14 types of tree damage that attacked the trees that made up stands in community forests. The most common types of damage occurred based on the percentage of incidents, namely damaged leaves (25.29%), broken branches (24.41%) and open wounds (23.34%). assessment for damage to the tree based on the CLI value, namely in the high category (clusters 2, 3); moderate category (clusters 1, 5, 6); and low category (clusters 4, 7). Assessment of the crown condition based on the VCR value, namely in the categories of ‘high’ (clusters 4, 5, 6), ‘moderate’ (clusters 2, 7) and ‘low’ (clusters 1, 3).
The effect of the densification process on dowel tensile performance with different types of glues
Authors: Ercan Ersin , Aydin Kadir , Özder Cansu , Atar Musa
Published: December 2022

This study was performed to determine the effects of the densification process and glue type in wood material on dowel tensile performance. For this purpose, 8 mm and 10 mm diameter dowels were obtained from black poplar (Populus nigra) and Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis L.), which were densified at 50% and 75% ratios. The dowels were bonded with PVAc and D-VTKA glue separately after drilling 18 mm deep holes in the edge of the melamine-coated particleboard. The tensile performance test was determined with the Universal test device according to TS 2475 and ASTM-D 1035 principles. As a result, Eastern spruce wood had the highest tensile performance (kg/cm2), and poplar wood had the lowest (173.66). For the dowel diameter parameter, the highest value (195.11) was found at 8 mm in diameter and the lowest value (161.05) was found at 10 mm in diameter. In terms of glue type, the highest value (185.92) was seen at PVAc while the lowest value (170.24) was seen at D-VTKA. And for the densification ratios, the highest value (191.4) was determined at 75%, while the lowest value was found in control samples at (167.4). According to the wood species, densification ratio, dowel diameter and glue type interaction, the highest value was determined at Es + d75% + 10mm + PVAc as (303.5) and the lowest value was found at P + d50% + 10mm + Dv as (110).

As a result, where the dowel's high tensile performance is sought, using a 10 mm diameter dowel made from 75% densified spruce wood with PVAc glue may be advantageous.
Human resources for forestry in Kazakhstan: Current status, potential and problems
Authors: Kirillov Vitaliy , Pathak Ashutosh , Kabanova Svetlana , Stikhareva Tamara , Turumbayev Sergey , Savazova Dinara , Kerteshev Talgat , Rakhimzhanov Alimzhan
Published: December 2022

The aim of this research is to assess the current status, potential and problems of human resources for forestry in municipal state forest management institutions (MSFMIs) of Kazakhstan. A total of 120 MSFMIs are functional in Kazakhstan, with almost 5.5 thousand employees, of which 6.1% are women. Overall 63% are foresters, 13% are masters of the wood, 13% are engineers of forestry of all categories, 7% are forest wardens and 4% are directors. The quality of education of forest workers also varies and a minority of forest workers has a higher education. The scenario also suggested that almost 3000 specialists had taken up the advanced training courses from 2003 to 2019. According to a survey of employees of the MSFMIs of two pilot oblasts (Almaty and East Kazakhstan), the average age of an employee is 44.7 years and 79.2% of employees have a work experience of up to 15 years. The main issues and difficulties observed in the work of MSFMIs staff were low wages, lack of modern technique and equipment for forest service, lack of systematic continuing education of employees, poor quality of education, as well as staff turnover, especially foresters, which consequently affects their professional level.
The introduction of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ukrainian forests: advantages of productivity versus disadvantages of invasiveness
Authors: Hayda Yuriy , Mohytych Vasyl , Bidolakh Dmytro , Kuzovych Vasyl , Sułkowska Małgorzata
Published: December 2022

The history and dynamics of the introduction of red oak into forest plantations in Ukraine are presented. The positive and negative consequences of this artificially introduced species are characterised. The anthropogenic factor of a broad representation of the species and the probability of low natural spread out outside the existing plantations are highlighted. The current data on the area of red oak plantations by administrative regions, forest categories, types of forest site conditions and age classes in Ukraine are indicated. The possibility of controlling and limiting the adverse invasive effects of red oak representation in forest stands is pointed out. It is recommended to conduct detailed and systematic interdisciplinary research on the degree of red oak invasiveness impact in Ukraine and effective forest care treatments for controlling its negative role.
Contemporary understanding of the risk factors for chronic kidney disease in cold area
Authors: Wei Xinrui , Wang Yongchen
Published: December 2022

The management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in cold areas is an important task in the daily practice of primary medical and health institutions. An important way to reduce the burden of CKD is to achieve early identification of and implement timely intervention on the relevant risk factors. Studies have shown that diet, alcohol, tobacco, air, sedentary and other factors in cold areas have negative impacts on human kidneys; yet, our current understanding of the effect of cold stimulation on CKD remains blurry. This paper introduces the research progress of risk factors related to CKD in cold areas and analytically summarizes the pathogenesis of CKD caused by cold stimulation, aiming to provide a reference work for the prevention, screening, evaluation, and management of CKD in cold areas.
Prevention of osteoporotic fracture: from skeletal and non-skeletal perspectives
Authors: Wang Xinluan , Yang Wenyao , Qin Ling
Published: December 2022

With the global population aging, especially in China, the prevention and management of osteoporotic fragility fractures has become increasingly important. Bone mineral density (BMD) is an important index of osteoporotic fracture risk, which has become aroutine measurement inclinical practice and thus formed the cornerstone in monitoring treatment efficacy of osteoporosis. In the past 30 years, several pharmacologic therapies have been developed to increase BMD and reduce osteoporotic fractures, especially vertebral fractures. However, the management of nonvertebral fractures and hip fractures remains challenging as low BMD is only one of the multi-factors for these conditions. Hip fractures mainly result from a fall and its incidence is higher in the frigid zone due to low temperature affecting neuromuscular function and high latitude with less sunlight, the conditions rendering less active vitamin D conversion, apart from increased falling. In this paper, we focus on two therapeutic strategies targeting both skeletal and non-skeletal factors, that is, Tai Chi (TC) exercise for improving balance and “kidney-tonifying” traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against muscle atrophy. TC is a mind-body exercise that has the potential as an effective and safe intervention for preventing fall-related fractures in the elderly. This makes it a promising and feasible physical activity for the elderly in frigid zone to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Several TCM formula popular in northeast of China within frigid zone are also introduced. They are reportedly effective in maintaining or improving BMD and muscle strength with the potential of reducing osteoporotic fracture. However, more rationally designed vigorous basic investigations and prospective clinical trials are highly desired to validate and consolidate the preliminary observations in the future.
Antidiabetic agents: Do they hit the right targets?
Authors: Zhao Yongting , Zhang Xiaofang , Liang Haihai , Wang Lihong
Published: December 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and caused by different degree of pancreatic islet dysfunction and/or insulin resistance (IR). Long course DM can lead to a variety of macrovascular and microvascular complications which involve artery vessels, heart, kidney, retina, nervous system, etc. In recent years, DM has attracted more and more attention due to its high morbidity and mortality. In addition to achieve effective glycemic control, prevention of complications has also been considered a priority for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on the pharmacotherapeutics for T2DM and perspectives on the future directions of basic and translational research on anti-diabetic therapy and pharmatheutical development of new drugs.
The Internal Dose Rate in Quartz Grains: Experimental Data and Consequences for Luminescence Dating
Authors: Szymak Agnieszka , Moska Piotr , Poręba Grzegorz , Tudyka Konrad , Adamiec Grzegorz
Published: December 2022

This work considers the impact of the internal alpha and beta dose rates in quartz grains obtained from sandy sediments on the results of luminescence dating. The internal dose rates reported here (ca. 0.01–0.21 Gy · ka−1) play a particularly important role, because of low (ca. 0.8–0.9 Gy · ka−1) or very low (ca. 0.4–0.6 Gy · ka−1) external dose rates. In these cases, the internal dose rates form a significant fraction of the total dose rates, often exceeding 10%. Ignoring this contribution would have made the considered luminescence ages artificially older. In our study, we measure both the internal alpha and beta contributions as the latter is usually neglected in the case of quartz. The dose rate measurements were performed using the innovative μDose system.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Anaemia of Inflammation in Enteropathies Caused by Commonest Small Intestine Disorders: Current Evidence
Authors: Basina Olesja , Derova Jelena , Derovs Aleksejs , Lejniece Sandra
Published: December 2022

It is no mystery that iron deficiency is the most common anaemia and multiple studies have shown that anaemia is a main factor for decreased quality of life. The focus of our article is an up-to-date review of different enteropathies caused by specific disorders and the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), starting with the understanding of physiology of iron absorption and regulation in the intestine. The pathologies that we tried to cover were celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-induced enteropathy and protein losing enteropathy. Unfortunately, not everything still understood and questions still remain. The main questions are associated with our understanding of iron regulation beyond the ferroportin-hepcidin axis and what mechanism is behind changes of epithelium in different conditions. Depending on the study and pathology of enteropathy, almost half of the studied patients had iron deficiency anaemia. However, in all enteropathies, IDA is more an additional finding or an additional symptom that needs further investigations. That is why many authors consider that IDA is caused by secondary mechanisms and not enteropathy per se and should be correlating with undernourishment, severe mucosal atrophy, malabsorption, and bleeding.
A quick guide to diagnosis and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in the gut: current dilemmas
Authors: Drjagunovs Iļja , Laivacuma Sniedze , Zeltiņa Indra , Derovs Aleksejs
Published: December 2022

Cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, which, after often asymptomatic primary infection, establishes a life-long latency in different organs, including gut. As there is a close synergistic relationship between mucosal inflammation and viral expression, particularly in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, it is often challenging to distinguish subclinical cytomegalovirus replication from cytomegalovirus-mediated colitis. The outcome for patients with cytomegalovirus reactivation appears to be worse than that for patients without reactivation, but the true role of cytomegalovirus is not entirely clear, as is the dilemma whether specific treatment with antivirals alters the course of inflammatory bowel disease. This review focuses on gastrointestinal tract cytomegalovirus disease, with special emphasis on diagnostic and treatment considerations of cytomegalovirus colitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Surgical and non-surgical treatment of paediatric appendicitis: can algorithms help us to predict perforation?
Authors: Eņģelis Arnis , Kakar Mohit , Zviedre Astra , Laizāns Paulis , Zurmutai Timurs , Bormotovs Jurijs , Pētersons Aigars
Published: December 2022

The recent interest in and evidence of non-surgical treatment with antibiotic therapy has led to the recurring issue of differentiating acute no-complicated appendicitis (AnA) and acute complicated appendicitis (AcA) when these are presented in an emergency department. To create the initial version of an acute appendicitis (AA) diagnostic and treatment algorithm, we analysed treatment results of 178 children with AnA and AcA treated at the Children’s Clinical University Hospital in Rīga, in the period between 2010 and 2013. Evaluation of the clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiological findings was included in development of the algorithm. The algorithm was created in 2016 and accepted by the hospital administration. We present the algorithm’s updated version of 2020. The introduction of diagnostic scores and algorithms has standardised and improved the diagnosis of paediatric AA. New diagnostic tests with higher sensitivity and specificity may improve the accuracy of diagnostic algorithms. Measuring multiple effective biomarkers simultaneously may improve the accuracy of diagnostic algorithms and predict the severity of paediatric AA. Machine learning algorithms may be able to process a much larger amount of data and provide a faster conclusion, helping the surgeon make the right decision in diagnosing appendicitis in children and prevent unnecessary surgery.
Surgical treatment of achalasia: results and quality of life
Authors: Ļeščinska Anna Marija , Ivanovs Igors
Published: December 2022

Achalasia is a primary defect of esophageal motility of unknown aetiology, characterised by peristaltic dysfunction of the esophagus and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. The most common symptoms are dysphagia, regurgitation, weight loss, and chest burning. There are various treatment options for achalasia: botulinum toxin injections, pneumatic dilatation, Heller myotomy, and peroral endoscopic myotomy. The aim of the study was to access the efficacy and quality of life of patients with achalasia after surgical treatment — laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication. All of the patients after surgery had a high gastrointestinal quality of life index. For all patients, during the follow-up period (median 2.4 years), the intensity of clinical symptoms after the procedure declined. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication is a safe and effective method of treating achalasia and can reduce clinical symptoms and improve patients' quality of life.
Burden of extraintestinal manifestations and comorbidities in treated and untreated ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease: a Latvian nationwide prescription database study 2014–2019
Authors: Teterina Irēna , Mokricka Viktorija , Petrošina Eva , Pokrotnieks Juris
Published: December 2022

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are frequently accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) due to systemic autoimmune processes, which are important in the management of IBD patients and their long-term outcomes. The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of EIMs comorbidities and their burden in IBD patients, based on the Latvian nationwide reimbursed prescription database from 2012 till 2019. Incident Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients between 2014 and 2018 were matched on age and sex with non-treated IBD controls and followed up until 2019. EIMs were selected based on a previously used methodology and grouped into organ systems. The cohort was tested for differences in the timing and occurrence of EIMs, as well as overall cumulating disease burden. The study population included 187 CD and 1137 UC patients. Higher prevalence of EIMs was observed in untreated IBD patients, whereas in the treated IBD patient group prevalence remained numerically similar. Among treated patients, the most common EIMs affected cardiovascular, hepatopancreatobiliary, endocrine, musculoskeletal, respiratory, and the skin and intestinal tract systems, where 28.4–79.9% of IBD patients experienced these EIMs for the first time before their IBD diagnosis. The treated female IBD patients tended to have higher frequency of EIMs compared to male patients. The overall comorbidity burden trend increased with time. The study provides evidence that treated IBD patients have lower risk for EIMs/comorbidities compared to untreated IBD patients.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in patients with Crohn’s disease — 5 year follow-up
Authors: Knyazev Oleg V. , Kagramanova Anna V. , Parfenov Asfold I.
Published: December 2022

We investigated the efficacy of combination therapy using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and Infliximab (IFX) to achieve “deep remission” in patients with luminal Crohn disease (CD). Our study included 72 patients (age 19–62 years) (Ме = 29) with luminal CD. Patients in the 1st group (n = 21) received standard 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and glucocorticosteroid therapy in combination with MSC. Patients in the 2nd group (n = 32) were prescribed anti-cytokine therapy IFX. Patients in the 3rd group (n = 19) received MSC and IFX. Clinical and immunobiological (C-reactive protein-CRP and faecal calprotectin-FCP) showed a more significant decrease of local and systemic inflammation activity in the 3rd group of patients. During a 5-year follow-up we observed longer duration of remission in patients who received MSC and IFX compared to the 1st (р = 0,04) and 2nd groups of patients (р = 0.038). Combination therapy of bone marrow-derived MSC and IFL provides “deep remission” in patients with luminal CD and has higher prognostic value for duration of CD remission period.
Frequency and risk factors of thromboembolic complications in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Lishchinskaya Albina A. , Knyazev Oleg V. , Kagramanova Anna V. , Parfenov Asfold I.
Published: December 2022

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterised by chronic immune inflammation of the mucous membrane and/or the thickness of the intestinal wall, and are also accompanied by disorders of the blood clotting system and the development of a hypercoagulation state. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of thromboembolic complications (TEC) in IBD patients and to determine the influence of acquired and inherited hypercoagulation factors that contribute to the development of TEC. The clinical status of 1238 IBD patients who were treated in 2019 was evaluated. Of these, 748 patients suffered from ulcerative colitis (UC) and 490 had Crohn's disease (CD). Among the UC patients, there were 369 men (49.3%) and 379 women (50.7%). In 10.2% of patients with UC, there were clinically significant TEC. There were 227 men (46.3%) and 263 women (53.7%) among patients with CD. 7.3% of patients with CD had clinically significant TEC. 112 (9.0 %) of 1238 IBD patients had clinically significant TEC. Among patients with UC (n = 748), 76 (10.2%) showed clinically significant TEC. Among patients with CD (n = 490), 36 (7.3%) had TEC. Of 112 IBD patients with clinically significant TEC, 45 (40.2%) had genetic polymorphisms that increased affinity for fibrinogen, increased platelet aggregation, and contributed to a decrease in the activity of folate cycle enzymes, including methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, which may be manifested by a moderate increase in homocysteine levels. Of the 45 IBD patients with clinically significant TEC due to inherited factors, 30 (66.6%) patients had UC and 15 (33.7%) patients had CD (HR – 1.038, 95% CI 0.746–1.444; x2 – 0.049; p = 0.83921). 67 patients with IBD (59.8%) who had clinically significant TEC did not have genetic polymorphisms leading to hypercoagulation. Based on the analysis, we can conclude that risk factors for the development of TEC like the status of a smoker, long bed rest, taking hormonal contraceptives, varicose veins of the lower extremities, high activity of the disease, glucocorticosteroids therapy, the extent of intestinal damage in patients with IBD, and genetic factors, should be taken into account by gastroenterologists in the treatment of patients with UC and CD. The hereditary factor of hypercoagulation equally affects the development of TEC, both in patients with UC and CD.
Impact of iatrogenic post-cholecystectomy biliary duct injury on quantity of diagnostic imaging and hospital re-admission
Authors: Miklaseviča Ilze , Popova Ņina Malika , Lapsa Sintija , Ozoliņš Arturs , Radziņa Maija
Published: December 2022

Although the risk of persistent biliary duct injury is low, cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide. The occurrence of bile duct injury (BDI) results in complicated reconstructions, prolonged hospitalisation, repeated diagnostic examinations, and a high risk of long-term complications, leading to cost increase. A wide range of diagnostic methods are used to identify the damage and the associated complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of iatrogenic post-cholecystectomy BDI on the amount of diagnostic imaging and hospital re-admission rate. The retrospective cross-sectional study included the analysis of records of 38 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, referred to the Diagnostic Radiology Institute, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, who underwent diagnostic imaging. Among those who had iatrogenic BDI due to cholecystectomy, 57.9% (22 patients) underwent abdominal ultrasonography, 47.4% (18 patients) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 47.4% (18 patients) underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTCA), 44.7% (17 patients) underwent computed tomography, 42.1% (16 patients) underwent magnetic resonance imaging, 13.2% (five patients) underwent US-guided puncture after cholecystectomy, and 15.8% (six patients) underwent fistulography. 18.4% (seven patients) were re-admitted to hospital once due to post-cholecystectomy complications, 34.2% (13 patients) twice, 15.8% (six patients) three times, 5.3% (two patients) four times, 13.2% (five patients) five times, 2.6% (one patient) seven times, 2.6% (one patient) ten times, 5.3% (two patients) eleven times and 2.6% (one patient) was re-admitted twenty-five times. Statistically significant strong correlation between hospital re-admission rate and PTCA (rs = 0.682, p < 0.001) was found. Iatrogenic post-cholecystectomy BDI significantly affects repeated diagnostic imaging and the hospital re-admission rate and, therefore, negatively affects hospital economics and patient welfare.
Dominating taxonomic composition of the early life gut microbiota and influencing factors in infants up to seven months of age in Latvia
Authors: Zelča Egija , Gudrā Dita , Lūse Ērika , Peterleviča Jana , Ustinova Maija , Fridmanis Dāvids , Rumba-Rozenfelde Ingrīda , Daugule Ilva
Published: December 2022

It has been hypothesised that the establishment of stable adult microbiota is programmed in infancy, and therefore early life gut colonisation may lead to a lifelong microbiota pattern with significant effects on health. The aim of the study was to analyse the composition of gut microbiota and influencing factors in infants up to seven months of age in Latvia. A cross-sectional study was performed at primary healthcare centres. The parents of healthy infants filled out a questionnaire and brought the child’s faecal sample. 16 rRNS gene sequencing was performed to identify the bacterial taxonomic units. The composition of gut microbiota was compared between children with different risk factors. The final participant sample group included 55 infants with median age 4.0 months. The infant gut microbiota of the sample group had typical and rather healthy microbiota — the main phyla detected were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, the main family was Bifidobacteriacea and genus — Bifidobacterium. A significant effect of the type of delivery and feeding type was identified, as well as negative correlation between Lactobacilli and gestational age. Further, it would be important to analyse the changes of microbiota prospectively to identify the association with environmental factors and health status in dynamics.
Characteristics of the dual nature of the p27 protein in oral leukoplakias and cancer
Authors: Dzudzilo Madara , Čēma Ingrīda , Kleina Regīna , Svirskis Šimons , Selga Guntars
Published: December 2022

Dysregulation of the cell cycle is an important factor in a potentially malignant oral disorder. There have not been many studies on the role of the cell cycle regulator p27 in oral non-homogenous leukoplakia. The aim of our study was to characterise the p27 protein in homogenous and non-homogenous oral leukoplakias (OL), in comparison with healthy mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma tissues. The current study included 25 patients with OL, 15 cases with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and 15 samples of healthy oral mucosa, both as comparison groups. Immunohistochemical p27 antigen expression was determined by a standard EnView imaging system. The expression level of p27 in nodular and verrucous leukoplakia was lower than in homogenous OL but higher than in erythroleukoplakia. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the expression of p27 in healthy mucosa and homogenous OL. There was a significantly lower amount of p27 positive cells in oral cancer than in OL (p < 0.0001); however, its intracytoplasmic presence was diagnosed. Our study proved the instability of p27 protein and its dual nature in non-homogenous OL and OSCC, and therefore, it can be used as a predictive marker for the clinical course of these conditions.
On the X Anniversary Latvian Gastroenterology Congress with International Participation
Authors: Derovs Aleksejs , Derova Jeļena , Pokrotnieks Juris
Published: December 2022

The X Anniversary Latvian Gastroenterology Congress with International Participation has been held for the first time for a two-day period (3–4 December, 2021). The first day was devoted to international and local satellite symposia, with a total number of ten, which corresponded to the number of Congresses held. The second day of the Congress was devoted to the plenary session. Due to the severe COVID-19 epidemiology situation in Latvia, for the first time in its history since 2003, it was decided to hold the Congress not in person but remotely from the Rīga Stradiņš University Great Hall stage, with live video broadcasting. Despite the fact that the Congress was virtual, the two days attracted a significant number of participants — 753 registered colleagues. The invited guests included foreign lecturers from the United States, Israel, Germany, Croatia, UK, Italy, and other countries and the discussion panel was led by field leaders from around the world. We continued our tradition of preparing published reports of the congress in a special issue of Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, in collaboration with the Latvian Academy of Sciences.
Petrophysical Evaluation of H-field, Niger Delta Basin for Petroleum Plays and Prospects
Authors: Harry Thomas A. , Etim Camillus E. , Okechukwu Agbasi E.
Published: December 2022

Abstract in English

As a result of a combination of several methodologies, the H-Field, Niger-Delta, has been delineated. To identify probable reservoirs, seals, and source rocks in the study area, this study integrates sequence stratigraphy with petrophysical concepts through a comprehensive analysis of 3D seismic and well logging datasets. According to the 3D facies model, reservoirs are dominated by sand and are laterally extensive. They were then upscaled and stochastically distributed to create a 3D reservoir property model. On average, the porosity of these clastic reservoirs ranges from 22 to 28%. Reservoir net-to-gross (NTG) ratios range from 0.67 to 0.96. Water saturation ranges from 8% to 30%, while hydrocarbon saturation ranges from 70% to 92%. Four gas-bearing units and six oil-bearing units are present in reservoirs P 0.5 and P 1 compartments. All reservoir intervals’ oil and gas volumes are evaluated based on the hydrocarbon distribution. Geological models of the subsurface, such as the one in this paper, are crucial for future reservoir development programs.
A case report of hematidrosis: blood, sweat, and fear
Authors: Pandya Rahul
Published: December 2022

Background:

Hematidrosis is an extremely rare condition in which the patient spontaneously starts sweating blood. Even though, this disease has existed for many centuries, due to its rarity and perceived religious connection made little progress in correctly evaluating its pathogenesis. Therefore, rather than getting the medical and emotional help these cases need, such cases often end up at the doorsteps of shamans, especially in developing countries.

Case Presentation:

Here, we describe a case of hematidrosis and its clinical presentation and treatment outcome. A 10-year-old female patient presented with complaints of episodic bleeding from the skin, predominantly from the trunk, oral cavity, and forehead. Blood investigations, including coagulation profile, platelet antigen study, etc. were completely normal. The patient was treated with propranolol and atropine transdermal patches, which showed improvement in her condition, and the bleeding eventually stopped.

Conclusion:

Standardized diagnostic and management criteria is needed to be developed for treating such patients better. Reporting such cases of hematidrosis and discussing them will eventually make disease management more uniform and bring more patient awareness to this frightening disease.
Variasi Bahasa Minangkabau Di Kecamatan Mungka Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota: Tinjauan Dialektologi
Authors: Ariesty Angelia , Nadra Nadra , Noviatri Noviatri
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mendeskripsikan variasi leksikal yang terdapat dalam bahasa Minangkabau di Kecamatan Mungka; 2) Memetakan variasi leksikal yang terdapat dalam bahasa Minangkabau di Kecamatan Mungka; 3) Menghitung persentase variasi leksikal yang terdapat dalam bahasa Minangkabau di Kecamatan Mungka. Metode dan teknik penyediaan data yang digunakan adalah metode cakap dengan teknik dasar: teknik pancing dan teknik lanjutan, yakni teknik cakap semuka, teknik rekam, dan teknik catat. Dalam analisis data digunakan metode padan translasional dan padan referensial dengan teknik pilah unsur penentu (PUP) sebagai teknik dasar dan hubung banding membedakan sebagai teknik lanjutan. Selanjutnya, dalam penyajian analisis data digunakan metode formal dan informal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, (1) terdapat 130 variasi leksikal dari 600 daftar pertanyaan yang diajukan kepada informan di Kecamatan Mungka. (2) sebanyak 130 data yang berbeda tersebut kemudian dipetakan dalam bentuk peta lambang. (3) Hasil penghitungan dialektometri variasi leksikal bahasa Minangkabau yang ditemukan di Kecamatan Mungka termasuk ke dalam kategori tidak ada pembeda, dengan hasil persentase sebanyak 6%â€•18,5%. Dari hasil presentase tersebut, daerah yang tidak menunjukkan perbedaan disebabkan oleh luas daerah yang tidak begitu besar, masyarakatnya pun mudah berkomunikasi dengan masyarakat daerah lain, sehingga bahasa Minangkabau yang digunakan tidak terlalu banyak memiliki perbedaan.
Analisis Novel Tentang Kamu Karya Tere Liye: Kajian Formula Cawelti
Authors: Rahayu Delfiya , Sukmawati Noni , Zurmailis Zurmailis
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formula yang ada didalam novel Tentang Kamu karya Tere Liye, sehingga teori sastra formula digunakan untuk mengetahui hal tersebut. Kata, frasa, kalimat, paragraf, dan peristiwa yang ada dalam novel merupakan data utama. Metode kerja yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis formula menjadi dua rumusan yaitu karakteristik yang terdiri dari mitos dan simbol yang membentuk pola besar dan ketertarikan artistik dan kultural untuk menciptakan formula. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan formula yang terdapat dalam novel Tentang Kamu terdiri dari formula melodrama sosial.Karakterisktik utama melodrama sosial adalah kombinasi sejumlah aksi dan latar untuk membangun pandangan dunia imajinasi seperti benar atau salah, baik atau benar. Arketipe melodrama sosial merupakan latar sosial yang dikembangkan secara terperinci yang menciptakan pemuasaan emosional dengan ketertarikan yang melekat dalam analisis fenomena sosial secara detail. Alur utama melodrama yang layak dikokohkan adalah setelah adanya kesengsaraan dan penderitaan, adanya kebahagiaan dan kemenangan.Formula detektif klasik Cerita detektif klasik dapat dilihat dari pahlwan dan individu yang mengatasi halangan dan bahaya untuk memenuhi beberapa misi yang penting. Fokus ketertarikan utama cerita detektif adalah tokoh pahlawan dan halangannya harus diatasi. Eskapisme sebagai daya tarik novel Tentang Kamu. Formula dalam eskapisme adalah formula dalam karya sastra hanya bisa diungkapkan dengan eskapisme. Pelarian pembaca dari dunia nyata merupakan konsep dari eskapisme. Eskapismes memiliki kaitan dengan sastra formula. Bentuk-bentuk formula yang ada dalam isi cerita memancing daya tarik pembaca. Dasar-dasar yang menimbulkan pembaca ingin tahu adalah adanya petualangan-petualangan yang dilakukan oleh para tokoh dalam novel Tentang Kamu. Petualangan ini mengungkapkan teka-teki yang mendasarkan pada formula melodrama sosial dan detektif klasik yang telah mengajak pembaca untuk berpetualang dalam dunia imajinasi membuat mereka ingin tahu, dan tidak berhenti bila belum menemukan hasil akhir cerita.Menjadi daya tarik dalam novel Tentang Kamu adalah cerita, latar dan tokoh sesuai dengan peran yang dimiliki tokoh dan isi cerita yang sesuai dengan latar terjadinya cerita. Adanya unsur petualangan, mengungkapkan teka-teki, dan mistersi yang membuat pembaca terus membaca hingga ahkir cerita dalam novel Tentang Kamu. Proses membaca merupakan proses melarikan diri untuk membuat perasaan lega bagi diri pembaca. Aktualisasi proses pembaca yang ditemukan unsur eskapisme .
Penggunaan Jargon Oleh Anggota AIESEC Unand: Tinjauan Sosiolinguistik
Authors: Effendi Nia Fitri , Aslinda Aslinda , Darmawan Alex
Published: December 2022

Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam skripsi ini, yaitu: (1) Apa saja jargon yang digunakan oleh anggota organisasi AIESEC Unand? (2) Apa faktor situasional yang mempengaruhi penggunaan jargon tersebut? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan apa saja jargon yang digunakan oleh anggota organisasi AIESEC Unand dan faktor situasional yang mempengaruhi penggunaan jargon tersebut.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Metode dan teknik peneitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode dan teknik yang dikemukakan oleh Sudaryanto. Penelitian inn terbagi atas tiga tahap, yaitu: (1) tahap penyediaan data, (2) tahap analisis data, dan (3) tahap penyediaan hasil data. Pada tahap penyediaan data, digunakan metode simak yang terdiri dari teknik dasar dan teknik lanjutan. Teknik dasar yang digunakan adalah teknik sadap, teknik lanjutan yang digunakan, yaitu teknik Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (SBLC) terdiri dari rekam, catat, dan wawancara. Pada tahap analisis data, metode yang digunakan adalah metode padan translasional, metode padan refensial, dan metode padan pragmatis yang terdiri dari teknik dasar dan teknik lanjutan yaitu Pilah Unsur Penentu (PUP), dan Hubung Bandin Perbedaan (HBB). Selanjutnya, pada tahap penyajian hasil analisis data, dugunakan metode penyajian informal.Â Â Berdasarkan analisis data, ditemukan jargon-jargon yang digunakan oleh anggota AIESEC Unand. Jargon yang ditemukan adalah: roll call, ori, pre-ori, newie, role, high role, expa, exp, bad case, isi, overwhelmed, op, teamdays, host fam., sustain, drum roll, ice breaking, global village, gtky, etek-etek, sucek, prede, buddies, lcp, lcvp, ocp, oc. Faktor situasional yang mempengaruhi penggunaan jargon oleh anggota AIESEC Unand yaitu: (1) siapa yang berbicara, (2) kepada siapa berbicara, (3) kapan, (4) di mana, dan (5) mengenai masalah apa.
Konflik Batin Tokoh Utama Dalam Novel Lampuki Karya Arafat Nur: Tinjauan Psikologi Sastra
Authors: Alfajri Rega Maulana , Adilla Ivan , Zurmailis Zurmailis
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kaitan konflik batin tokoh utama dengan pengarang pada novel Lampuki karya Arafat Nur. Untuk mendapatkan hasil tersebut digunakan teori psikologi sastra dengan menggunakan teori psikoanalisis Jacques Lacan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan data-data yang sudah diidentifikasi melalui proses pembacaan berulang-ulang.Dalam analisis deskriptif ini, data yang diperoleh dicatat dan dipilih berdasarkan masalah yang akan dibahas. Analisisnya dilakukan dengan menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan beberapa unsur struktural dalam cerpen kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menganalisis konflik batin yang dialami oleh tokoh utama. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk konflik batin tokoh utama dalam novel Lampuki terjadi disebabkan oleh kegelisahan dan ketakukan yang dipicu oleh lingkungan sekitar dan orang yang berada di dekatnya. Novel ini juga merupakan bentuk refleksi dari pengalaman hidup pengarang yang tumbuh saat gejolak politik yang terjadi di Aceh.
Adaptasi Novel Hafalan Shalat Delisa Karya Tere Liye ke Film Hafalan Shalat Delisa yang Disutradarai Sony Gaokasak
Authors: Bella Hanisa Prana , Yusuf M. , Syafril Syafril
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikan penulis dengan Novel dan Film Hafalan Shalat Delisa yang menggambarkan bagaimana ketegeran dan kesabaran anak kecil bernama Delisa yang berumur 6 tahun dalam menghadapi hidup setelah bencana tsunami yang menimpa kota tempat tinggalnya dan menewaskan Ibu beserta tiga orang kakaknya. Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana adaptasi dari novel Hafalan Shalat Delisa karya Tere Liye ke film Hafalan Shalat Delisa yang disutradarai Sony Gaokasak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana adaptasi novel Hafalan Shalat Delisa karya Tere Liye ke film Hafalan Shalat Delisa yang disutradarai Sony Gaokasak.Â Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori adaptasi dari Linda Hutcheon. Teori ini digunakan untuk menemukan dan menjelaskan dari adaptasi cerita dan adaptasi ideologi dari kedua media novel dan film. Adapun metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif yang menghasilkan data tertulis dari teks yang mengacu pada permasalahan sosial. Teknik yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data, analisis data, dan penyajian analisis data.Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa yang terjadi antara adaptasi dari novel Hafalan Shalat Delisa ke film Hafalan Shalat Delisa adalah pengurangan tokoh, pengurangan peristiwa, penambahan peristiwa, perubahan alur, perubahan yang divariasikan. Sedangkan adaptasi ideologinya dalam kedua karya yaitu ideologi sosial ke ideologi humanisme yang lebih relijius.
Peristiwa 1965 dalam Cerpen-Cerpen Pilihan Kompas: Analisis Wacana Kritis
Authors: Nafisah Nafisah , Muchtar Achmad , Jati Galih Pangestu
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini membahas peristiwa 1965 dalam buku kumpulan cerpen pilihan Kompas. Sejak diterbitkannya kumpulan cerpen pilihan Kompas pertama pada tahun 1992, ditemukan sekitar 20% cerpen yang bercerita mengenai peristiwa 1965. Dalam perjalanannya, pengungkapan peristiwa 1965 di dalam cerpen mengalami perbedaan makna antara yang terbit saat Orde Baru berkuasa dengan masa setelah rezim tersebut lengser.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui narasi dan deskripsi peristiwa 1965 dalam cerpen pilihan Kompas. Adapun teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis wacana kritis Michel Foucault.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah cerpen-cerpen mengenai Peristiwa 1965 yang terbit saat Orde Baru berkuasa memuat wacana penempatan massa PKI sebagai pihak yang bersalah. Selain itu, wacana yang lainnya adalah adanya legitimasi kekerasan yang bertumpu pada Peristiwa 1965. Oleh adanya peristiwa ini, pihak lain diperbolehkan untuk melakukan kekerasan terhadap pihak yang bersalah, dalam hal ini PKI. Adapun cerpen-cerpen mengenai Peristiwa 1965 yang terbit setelah Orde Baru berkuasa memuat wacana bahwa orang yang dekat dengan orang-orang komunis dituduh sebagai komunis, padahal mereka tidak berafiliasi dengan PKI. Selain itu, pada masa ini, wacana mengenai Peristiwa 1965 yang dijadikan legitimasi kekerasan masih tampak jelas di dalam cerpen-cerpen Kompas. Hal ini digunakan untuk mendukung wacana yang pertama, yaitu untuk mengungkap bagaimana penderitaan yang disebabkan oleh tuduhan tersebut.Â