bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tristemma hirtumand Five Other Cameroonian Edible Plants with Weak or No Antibacterial Effects Modulate the Activities of Antibiotics against Gram-Negative Multidrug-Resistant Phenotypes
Authors: Nguenang Gaëlle S. , Mbaveng Armelle T. , Fankam Aimé G. , Manekeng Hermione T. , Nayim Paul , Wamba Brice E. N. , Kuete Victor
Published: March 2018

In order to contribute to the fight against infectious diseases, thein vitroantibacterial activity and the antibiotic-potentiating effects ofTristemma hirtumand five other Cameroonian edible plants have been evaluated against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The microdilution method was used to evaluate the bacterial susceptibility of the extracts and their combination to common antibiotics. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out according to standard methods. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, steroids, and polyphenols, including flavonoids in most of the tested extracts. The entire tested extracts showed moderate (512 μg/mL ≤ MIC ≤ 2048 μg/mL) to weak (MIC > 2048 μg/mL) antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. Furthermore, extracts of leaf ofTristemma hirtumand pericarpsofRaphia hookeri(at their MIC/2 and MIC/4) strongly potentiated the activities of all antibiotics used in the study, especially those of chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), kanamycin (KAN), and tetracycline (TET) against 70% (7/10) to 100% (10/10) of the tested MDR bacteria, with the modulating factors ranging from 2 to 128. The results of this study suggest that extracts from leaves ofTristemma hirtumand pericarps ofRaphia hookerican be sources of plant-derived products with antibiotic modifying activity.
Intelligent Smoke Alarm System with Wireless Sensor Network Using ZigBee
Authors: Wu Qin , Cao Jiashuo , Zhou Chuang , Huang Ji , Li Zhuo , Cheng Shin-Ming , Cheng Jun , Pan Guanghui
Published: March 2018

The conflagration of fire is still a serious problem caused by humans, and houses are at a high risk of fire. Recently, people have used smoke alarms which only have one sensor to detect fire. Smoke is emitted in several forms in daily life. A single sensor is not a reliable way to detect fire. With the rapid advancement in Internet technology, people can monitor their houses remotely to determine the current condition of the house. This paper introduces an intelligent smoke alarm system that uses ZigBee transmission technology to build a wireless network, uses random forest to identify smoke, and uses E‐charts for data visualization. By combining the real‐time dynamic changes of various environmental factors, compared to the traditional smoke alarm, the accuracy and controllability of the fire warning are increased, and the visualization of the data enables users to monitor the room environment more intuitively. The proposed system consists of a smoke detection module, a wireless communication module, and intelligent identification and data visualization module. At present, the collected environmental data can be classified into four statuses, that is, normal air, water mist, kitchen cooking, and fire smoke. Reducing the frequency of miscalculations also means improving the safety of the person and property of the user.
Tobacco Dependence Treatment Grants: A Collaborative Approach to the Implementation of WHO Tobacco Control Initiatives
Authors: Nolan Margaret B. , Kemper Katherine E. , Glynn Thomas J. , Hurt Richard D. , Hays J. Taylor
Published: March 2018

The number of global tobacco-related deaths is projected to increase from about 6 million to 8 million annually by 2030, with more than 80% of these occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) came into force in 2005 and Article 14 relates specifically to the treatment of tobacco dependence. However, LMICs, in particular, face several barriers to implementing tobacco dependence treatment. This paper is a descriptive evaluation of a novel grant funding mechanism that was initiated in 2014 to address these barriers. Global Bridges. Healthcare Alliance for Tobacco Dependence Treatment aims to create and mobilize a global network of healthcare professionals and organizations dedicated to advancing evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment and advocating for effective tobacco control policy. A 2014 request for proposals (RFP) focused on these goals, particularly in LMICs, where funding for this work had been previously unavailable. 19 grants were awarded by Global Bridges to organizations in low- and middle-income countries across all six WHO regions. Virtually all focused on developing a tobacco dependence treatment curriculum for healthcare providers, while also influencing the political environment for Article 14 implementation. As a direct result of these projects, close to 9,000 healthcare providers have been trained in tobacco dependence treatment and an estimated 150,000 patients have been offered treatment. Because most of these projects are designed with a “train-the-trainer” component, two years of grant funding has been a tremendous catalyst for accelerating change in tobacco dependence treatment practices throughout the world. In order to foster such exponential growth and continue to maintain the impact of these projects, ongoing financial, educational, and professional commitments are required.
Single-Trial Evoked Potential Estimating Based on Sparse Coding under Impulsive Noise Environment
Authors: Yu Nannan , Chen Ying , Wu Lingling , Lu Hanbing
Published: March 2018

Estimating single-trial evoked potentials (EPs) corrupted by the spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) can be regarded as signal denoising problem. Sparse coding has significant success in signal denoising and EPs have been proven to have strong sparsity over an appropriate dictionary. In sparse coding, the noise generally is considered to be a Gaussian random process. However, some studies have shown that the background noise in EPs may present an impulsive characteristic which is far from Gaussian but suitable to be modeled by the α-stable distribution 1<α≤2. Consequently, the performances of general sparse coding will degrade or even fail. In view of this, we present a new sparse coding algorithm using p-norm optimization in single-trial EPs estimating. The algorithm can track the underlying EPs corrupted by α-stable distribution noise, trial-by-trial, without the need to estimate the α value. Simulations and experiments on human visual evoked potentials and event-related potentials are carried out to examine the performance of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in estimating single-trial EPs under impulsive noise environment.
Reclassification of Chronic Kidney Disease Stage, Eligibility for Cystatin-C and Its Associated Costs in a UK Primary Care Cohort
Authors: Major Rupert W. , Shepherd David , Brunskill Nigel J.
Published: March 2018

Background and Aims: Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimations of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), compared to modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), have superior performance in predicting renal, cardiovascular and mortality events. Cystatin-C further improves prediction. Our primary aim was to assess the change in prevalence and classification of CKD in converting from MDRD to CKD-EPI in an unselected primary care CKD population. Our secondary aims were to determine the eligibility for cystatin-C testing based on National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance and the associated costs. Methods: eGFR data from an unselected UK primary care CKD cohort was studied to assess reclassification of CKD stages from MDRD to CKD-EPI, suitability for cystatin-C testing and its associated cost. Results: A total number of 24,660 individuals had ≥2 MDRD eGFR results <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 >3 months apart (7.0% of adult population). The mean age was 75.2 (SD 11.4 years) with 15,265 (61.9%) females. Mean eGFR was 2.88 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower with CKD-EPI eGFR versus MDRD eGFR (49.7 vs. 46.8, t test p < 0.0001, 95% CI 2.85–2.91). 12.0% of individuals were re-categorised to a more or less advanced CKD stage, and 1.3% to a less advanced stage. The percentage of the population categorised as 3a-A1 CKD-EPI and therefore potentially suitable for cystatin-C was 2.8%. The estimated initial cost is €67.5 (£57.2) million with annual costs of €2.7 (£2.3) million for the United Kingdom. Conclusions: The mean eGFR was lower with the CKD-EPI formula and individuals were more likely to be reclassified to more advanced CKD. This may be related to the higher mean age of this unselected population compared to previous studies. Refinements of eGFR formulae, CKD definitions and cystatin-C eligibility in unselected populations are required.
Adrenal Insufficiency, Sex Reversal, and Angelman Syndrome due to Uniparental Disomy Unmasking a Mutation in CYP11A1
Authors: Kim Ahlee , Fujimoto Masanobu , Hwa Vivian , Backeljauw Philippe , Dauber Andrew
Published: March 2018

Background/Aims: Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder causing primary adrenal insufficiency with or without a 46,XY disorder of sexual development (DSD). Herein, we report a case of the combination of primary adrenal insufficiency, a DSD (testes with female external genitalia in a setting of a 47,XXY karyotype), and Angelman syndrome. Methods: Comprehensive genetic analyses were performed, including a single nucleotide polymorphism microarray and whole-exome sequencing. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the pathogenicity of the novel mutation that was identified by whole-exome sequencing. Results: The patient was found to have segmental uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 15 explaining her diagnosis of Angelman syndrome. Whole-exome sequencing further revealed a novel homozygous intronic variant in CYP11A1, the gene encoding P450scc, found within the region of UPD. In vitro studies confirmed that this variant led to decreased efficiency of CYP11A1 splicing. Conclusion: We report the first case of the combination of 2 rare genetic disorders, Angelman syndrome, and P450scc deficiency. After 20 years of diagnostic efforts, significant advances in genetic diagnostic technology allowed us to determine that these 2 disorders originate from a unified genetic etiology, segmental UPD unmasking a novel recessive mutation in CYP11A1.
Visualization of Monocytic Cells in Regressing Atherosclerotic Plaques by Intravital 2-Photon and Positron Emission Tomography–Based Imaging—Brief Report
Authors: Li Wenjun , Luehmann Hannah P. , Hsiao Hsi-Min , Tanaka Satona , Higashikubo Ryuji , Gauthier Jason M. , Sultan Deborah , Lavine Kory J. , Brody Steven L. , Gelman Andrew E. , Gropler Robert J. , Liu Yongjian , Kreisel Daniel
Published: March 2018

Objective—

Aortic arch transplants have advanced our understanding of processes that contribute to progression and regression of atherosclerotic plaques. To characterize the dynamic behavior of monocytes and macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques over time, we developed a new model of cervical aortic arch transplantation in mice that is amenable to intravital imaging.

Approach and Results—

Vascularized aortic arch grafts were transplanted heterotropically to the right carotid arteries of recipient mice using microsurgical suture techniques. To image immune cells in atherosclerotic lesions during regression, plaque-bearing aortic arch grafts from B6 ApoE-deficient donors were transplanted into syngeneic CX
3
CR1 GFP reporter mice. Grafts were evaluated histologically, and monocytic cells in atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient grafts were imaged intravitally by 2-photon microscopy in serial fashion. In complementary experiments, CCR2
+
cells in plaques were serially imaged by positron emission tomography using specific molecular probes. Plaques in ApoE-deficient grafts underwent regression after transplantation into normolipidemic hosts. Intravital imaging revealed clusters of largely immotile CX
3
CR1
+
monocytes/macrophages in regressing plaques that had been recruited from the periphery. We observed a progressive decrease in CX
3
CR1
+
monocytic cells in regressing plaques and a decrease in CCR2
+
positron emission tomography signal during 4 months.

Conclusions—

Cervical transplantation of atherosclerotic mouse aortic arches represents a novel experimental tool to investigate cellular mechanisms that contribute to the remodeling of atherosclerotic plaques.
Genetic Factors Explain a Major Fraction of the 50% Lower Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations in Finns
Authors: Erhart Gertraud , Lamina Claudia , Lehtimäki Terho , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Kähönen Mika , Vollenweider Peter , Raitakari Olli T. , Waeber Gérard , Thorand Barbara , Strauch Konstantin , Gieger Christian , Meitinger Thomas , Peters Annette , Kronenberg Florian , Coassin Stefan
Published: March 2018

Objective—

Lp(a) (lipoprotein(a)) concentrations are widely genetically determined by the
LPA
isoforms and show 5-fold interpopulation differences. Two- to 3-fold differences have been reported even within Europe. Finns represent a distinctive population isolate within Europe and have been repeatedly reported to present lower Lp(a) concentrations than Central Europeans. The significance of this finding was unclear for a long time because of the difficult comparability of Lp(a) assays. Recently, a large standardized study in >50 000 individuals from 7 European populations confirmed this observation but could not provide insights into the causes.

Approach and Results—

We investigated Lp(a) concentrations,
LPA
isoforms, and genotypes of established genetic variants affecting Lp(a) concentrations (
LPA
variants,
APOE
isoforms, and
PCSK9
R46L) in the Finnish YFS (Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study) population (n=2281) and 3 Non-Finnish Central European populations (n=10 003). We observed ≈50% lower Lp(a) concentrations in Finns. The isoform distribution was shifted toward longer isoforms, and the percentage of low-molecular-weight isoform carriers was reduced. Most interestingly, however, Lp(a) was reduced in each single-isoform group. In contrast to the known inverse relationship between
LPA
isoforms and Lp(a) concentrations, especially very short isoforms presented unexpectedly low Lp(a) concentrations in Finns. The investigated genetic variants, as well as age, sex, and renal function, explained 71.8% of the observed population differences.

Conclusions—

The population differences in Lp(a) concentrations between Finnish and Central European populations originate not only from a different
LPA
isoform distribution but suggest the existence of novel functional variation in the small-isoform range.
Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity and All‐Cause Mortality: Do Bouts Matter?
Authors: Saint‐Maurice Pedro F. , Troiano Richard P. , Matthews Charles E. , Kraus William E.
Published: March 2018

Background

The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults accumulate moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (
MVPA
) in bouts of ≥10 minutes for substantial health benefits. To what extent the same amount of
MVPA
accumulated in bouts versus sporadically reduces mortality risk remains unclear.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006 and death records available through 2011 (follow‐up period of ≈6.6 years; 700 deaths) to examine the associations between objectively measured physical activity accumulated with and without a bout criteria and all‐cause mortality in a representative sample of
US
adults 40 years and older (n=4840). Physical activity data were processed to generate minutes per day of total and bouted
MVPA
. Bouted
MVPA
was defined as
MVPA
accumulated in bouts of a minimum duration of either 5 or 10 minutes allowing for 1‐ to 2‐minute interruptions. Hazard ratios for all‐cause mortality associated with total and bouted
MVPA
were similar and ranged from 0.24 for the third quartile of total to 0.44 for the second quartile of 10‐minute bouts. The examination of jointly classified quartiles of total
MVPA
and tertiles of proportion of bouted activity revealed that greater amounts of bouted
MVPA
did not result in additional risk reductions for mortality.

Conclusions

These results provide evidence that mortality risk reductions associated with
MVPA
are independent of how activity is accumulated and can impact the development of physical activity guidelines and inform clinical practice.
SCIL-STROKE (Subcutaneous Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Ischemic Stroke)
Authors: Smith Craig J. , Hulme Sharon , Vail Andy , Heal Calvin , Parry-Jones Adrian R. , Scarth Sylvia , Hopkins Karen , Hoadley Margaret , Allan Stuart M. , Rothwell Nancy J. , Hopkins Stephen J. , Tyrrell Pippa J.
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—

The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 (interleukin-1) has a deleterious role in cerebral ischemia, which is attenuated by IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). IL-1 induces peripheral inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6, which are associated with worse prognosis after ischemic stroke. We investigated whether subcutaneous IL-1Ra reduces the peripheral inflammatory response in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—

SCIL-STROKE (Subcutaneous Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Ischemic Stroke) was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial of subcutaneous IL-1Ra (100 mg administered twice daily for 3 days) in patients presenting within 5 hours of ischemic stroke onset. Randomization was stratified for baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and thrombolysis. Measurement of plasma interleukin-6 and other peripheral inflammatory markers was undertaken at 5 time points. The primary outcome was difference in concentration of log(interleukin-6) as area under the curve to day 3. Secondary outcomes included exploratory effect of IL-1Ra on 3-month outcome with the modified Rankin Scale.

Results—

We recruited 80 patients (mean age, 72 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 12) of whom 73% received intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase. IL-1Ra significantly reduced plasma interleukin-6 (
P
<0.001) and plasma C-reactive protein (
P
<0.001). IL-1Ra was well tolerated with no safety concerns. Allocation to IL-1Ra was not associated with a favorable outcome on modified Rankin Scale: odds ratio (95% confidence interval)=0.67 (0.29–1.52),
P
=0.34. Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that IL-1Ra improved clinical outcome by reducing inflammation, but there was a statistically significant, alternative mechanism countering this benefit.

Conclusions—

IL-1Ra reduced plasma inflammatory markers which are known to be associated with worse clinical outcome in ischemic stroke. Subcutaneous IL-1Ra is safe and well tolerated. Further experimental studies are required to investigate efficacy and possible interactions of IL-1Ra with thrombolysis.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN74236229
Predictive Coding in Area V4: Dynamic Shape Discrimination under Partial Occlusion
Authors: Choi Hannah , Pasupathy Anitha , Shea-Brown Eric
Published: March 2018

The primate visual system has an exquisite ability to discriminate partially occluded shapes. Recent electrophysiological recordings suggest that response dynamics in intermediate visual cortical area V4, shaped by feedback from prefrontal cortex (PFC), may play a key role. To probe the algorithms that may underlie these findings, we build and test a model of V4 and PFC interactions based on a hierarchical predictive coding framework. We propose that probabilistic inference occurs in two steps. Initially, V4 responses are driven solely by bottom-up sensory input and are thus strongly influenced by the level of occlusion. After a delay, V4 responses combine both feedforward input and feedback signals from the PFC; the latter reflect predictions made by PFC about the visual stimulus underlying V4 activity. We find that this model captures key features of V4 and PFC dynamics observed in experiments. Specifically, PFC responses are strongest for occluded stimuli and delayed responses in V4 are less sensitive to occlusion, supporting our hypothesis that the feedback signals from PFC underlie robust discrimination of occluded shapes. Thus, our study proposes that area V4 and PFC participate in hierarchical inference, with feedback signals encoding top-down predictions about occluded shapes.
Novel Perceptually Uniform Chromatic Space
Authors: da Fonseca María , Samengo Inés
Published: March 2018

Chromatically perceptive observers are endowed with a sense of similarity between colors. For example, two shades of green that are only slightly discriminable are perceived as similar, whereas other pairs of colors, for example, blue and yellow, typically elicit markedly different sensations. The notion of similarity need not be shared by different observers. Dichromat and trichromat subjects perceive colors differently, and two dichromats (or two trichromats, for that matter) may judge chromatic differences inconsistently. Moreover, there is ample evidence that different animal species sense colors diversely. To capture the subjective metric of color perception, here we construct a notion of distance in color space based on the physiology of the retina, and is thereby individually tailored for different observers. By applying the Fisher metric to an analytical model of color representation, we construct a notion of distance that reproduces behavioral experiments of classical discrimination tasks. We then derive a coordinate transformation that defines a new chromatic space in which the Euclidean distance between any two colors is equal to the perceptual distance, as seen by one individual subject, endowed with an arbitrary number of color-sensitive photoreceptors, each with arbitrary absorption probability curves and appearing in arbitrary proportions.
Solving Constraint-Satisfaction Problems with Distributed Neocortical-Like Neuronal Networks
Authors: Rutishauser Ueli , Slotine Jean-Jacques , Douglas Rodney J.
Published: March 2018

Finding actions that satisfy the constraints imposed by both external inputs and internal representations is central to decision making. We demonstrate that some important classes of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) can be solved by networks composed of homogeneous cooperative-competitive modules that have connectivity similar to motifs observed in the superficial layers of neocortex. The winner-take-all modules are sparsely coupled by programming neurons that embed the constraints onto the otherwise homogeneous modular computational substrate. We show rules that embed any instance of the CSP's planar four-color graph coloring, maximum independent set, and sudoku on this substrate and provide mathematical proofs that guarantee these graph coloring problems will convergence to a solution. The network is composed of nonsaturating linear threshold neurons. Their lack of right saturation allows the overall network to explore the problem space driven through the unstable dynamics generated by recurrent excitation. The direction of exploration is steered by the constraint neurons. While many problems can be solved using only linear inhibitory constraints, network performance on hard problems benefits significantly when these negative constraints are implemented by nonlinear multiplicative inhibition. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of instability rather than stability in network computation and offer insight into the computational role of dual inhibitory mechanisms in neural circuits.
Designing Patient-Specific Optimal Neurostimulation Patterns for Seizure Suppression
Authors: Sandler Roman A. , Geng Kunling , Song Dong , Hampson Robert E. , Witcher Mark R. , Deadwyler Sam A. , Berger Theodore W. , Marmarelis Vasilis Z.
Published: March 2018

Neurostimulation is a promising therapy for abating epileptic seizures. However, it is extremely difficult to identify optimal stimulation patterns experimentally. In this study, human recordings are used to develop a functional 24 neuron network statistical model of hippocampal connectivity and dynamics. Spontaneous seizure-like activity is induced in silico in this reconstructed neuronal network. The network is then used as a testbed to design and validate a wide range of neurostimulation patterns. Commonly used periodic trains were not able to permanently abate seizures at any frequency. A simulated annealing global optimization algorithm was then used to identify an optimal stimulation pattern, which successfully abated 92% of seizures. Finally, in a fully responsive, or closed-loop, neurostimulation paradigm, the optimal stimulation successfully prevented the network from entering the seizure state. We propose that the framework presented here for algorithmically identifying patient-specific neurostimulation patterns can greatly increase the efficacy of neurostimulation devices for seizures.
Underwater click train production by the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) suggests an echo-ranging function
Authors: Maust-Mohl Maria , Soltis Joseph , Reiss Diana
Published: March 2018

Common hippos (Hippopotamus amphibius) live in murky waters and produce a variety of acoustic signals including underwater click trains considered to be social in function. We tested the hypothesis that click trains may function for underwater detection. We used observational and experimental methods involving 16 captive hippos to document the occurrence of click trains in different contexts and describe the acoustic parameters of the clicks. Male and female hippos produced click trains correlated with searching underwater for food items placed in their pools. Males produced click trains when alone supporting the hypothesis that these signals function for detection and are not only social in function. The frequency bandwidth of individual clicks varied and most were below 10 000 Hz. Click train production by hippos during underwater searches suggests a rudimentary form of echo-ranging that may function when other sensory systems are limited in their aquatic environment.
Caridean prawn (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Dong'ao Island, Guangdong, China
Authors: CHEN QING-HUA , CHEN WEN-JIAN , GUO ZHAO-LIANG
Published: March 2018

The present study, based on a faunistic and ecological survey of caridean shrimps from Dong’ao Island, Guangdong Province, expands the knowledge of morphology, colouration, and distribution of three species, two of which belong to genus Caridina and one belong to genus Marcrobrachium. Caridina zhujiangensis, new species is distinguished from the closely related species C. typus H. Miline Edwars,1837 by shorter rostrum and with only one ventral margin teeth, the shape of the endopod of the first male pleopod and the appendix interna arising from distal 1/3 of endopod. Macrobrachium dongaoensis, new species, can be distinguished from its congeners M. inflatum Liang & Yan, 1985 by a combination of characters which includes short rostrum, the subequal male second pereiopods, the non–inflated palm, and the longer merus. A diagnosis of three speciesmore and full description of two new species are presented.
A new species of Trachusa Panzer, 1804 (Megachilidae: Anthidiini) from southern Africa, with notes on the subgeneric classification and a key to the Afrotropical species
Authors: KASPAREK MAX
Published: March 2018

Only a single species of the genus Trachusa Panzer, 1804 is currenlty known from southern Africa: Trachusa aquiphila (Strand, 1912). A second species is described here from Namibia: Trachusa namibiensis sp. n., with habitus similar to T. aquiphila, but distinguished by morphological characters and colour features. The new species combines features of the subgenera Trachusa (Paraanthidium Friese) and Trachusa (Massanthidium Pasteels), therefore the latter is here regarded as a junior synonym of Paraanthidium, and all three species which have been assigned to subgenus Massanthidium are here transferred to Trachusa (Paraanthidium). Trachusa (Paraanthidium) and Trachusa (Congotrachusa) are now the only subgenera occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Trachusa namibiensis sp. n. seems not to be rare and was found sympatrically with T. aquiphila. It is polylectic and was found on the wing in autumn (March).
Discovery of Ulmaceae-feeding Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera, Tischerioidea), Tischeria ulmella sp. nov., and the first report of the Quercus-feeding T. naraensis Sato in China
Authors: XU JIASHENG , DAI XIAOHUA , LIAO CHENGQING , DIŠKUS ARŪNAS , STONIS JONAS R.
Published: March 2018

We provide the first report of Tischeriidae on Ulmaceae, a novel host-plant family, and describe Tischeria ulmella Xu & Dai, sp. nov., a new species discovered in the Yellow River Scenic Area of Zhengzhou (Henan Province, China), feeding on Ulmus pumila L. We also provide a redescription of the Quercus-feeding Tischeria naraensis Sato discovered in China for the first time. Both species are illustrated with photographs of the adults, male and female genitalia, and the leaf mines.
Copelatus Erichson from the Dominican Republic, with the description of a new species, comments on elytral striation and faunistic notes on Antillean species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae)
Authors: MANUEL MICHAËL , DELER-HERNÁNDEZ ALBERT , MEGNA YOANDRI S. , HÁJEK JIŘÍ
Published: March 2018

The species of the genus Copelatus Erichson, 1832 occurring in the Dominican Republic are reviewed. Five species are recorded, with recent collecting data provided for four of them. Copelatus martini sp. nov., a member of the consors species group, is described and illustrated. It is compared to the apparently similar species C. guadelupensis Legros, 1948 based on morphological characters and on partial sequences of the CO1 gene. Interesting cases of intraspecific variability in the number of elytral dorsal striae in C. martini sp. nov. and C. vitraci are discussed in the light of the traditional taxo-nomic importance of this character for species group delimitation in Copelatus. Copelatus caelatipennis Aubé, 1838 and C. vitraci Legros, 1948 are recorded for the first time from the Dominican Republic (and therefore also from Hispaniola Island). The remaining species are C. posticatus (Fabricius, 1801), and C. insolitus Chevrolat, 1863 (for the latter, pre-sence in Hispaniola is doubtful and requires confirmation). Finally, C. guadelupensis is recorded from Puerto Rico for the first time, and a checklist of the Copelatus species of the Antilles is appended.
Depression and poor outcome after an acute coronary event: Clarification of risk periods and mechanisms
Authors: Parker Gordon B , Cvejic Erin , Vollmer-Conna Ute , McCraw Stacey , Granville Smith Isabelle , Walsh Warren F
Published: March 2018

Objective:

Lifetime depression and depression around the time of an acute coronary syndrome event have been associated with poor cardiac outcomes. Our study sought to examine the persistence of this association, especially given modern cardiac medicine’s successes.

Methods:

For 332 patients admitted for an acute coronary syndrome, a baseline interview assessed major depression status, and psychological measures were administered. At 1 and 12 months post–acute coronary syndrome event, telephone interviews collected rates of hospital readmission and/or death and major depression status, while biomarker information was examined using medical records.

Results:

The 12-month mortality rate was 2.3% and cardiac readmission rate 21.0%. Depression subsequent to an acute coronary syndrome event resulted in a threefold and 2.5-fold increase in 1-month and 12-month odds of cardiac readmission or death, respectively. No relationship with past depressive episodes was found. Poor sleep was associated with higher trait anxiety and neuroticism scores and with more severe depression.

Conclusion:

Lifetime depression may increase the risk of depression around the time of an acute coronary syndrome but not influence cardiac outcomes. We suggest that poor sleep quality may be causal or indicate high anxiety/neuroticism, which increases risk to depression and contributes to poor cardiac outcomes rather than depression being the primary causal factor.
Becoming an Advocate: Processes and Outcomes of a Relationship-Centered Advocacy Training Model
Authors: Goodman Lisa A. , Wilson Joshua M. , Helms Janet E. , Greenstein Nettie , Medzhitova Julia
Published: March 2018

Counseling programs across the country are increasingly incorporating social justice advocacy training into their curricula. However, much remains to be learned about the developmental processes by which students develop advocacy skills and apply those skills after they graduate. To address these questions and drive further innovation in the field of advocacy training, we conducted an evaluation of the Community Advocacy Project, a yearlong microlevel advocacy training model that teaches mental health counseling master’s students to use relationship-centered advocacy with individuals in marginalized communities. We interviewed 19 counselors within 2.5 years of their graduation from the project about their experiences of the program and their current advocacy work. Using qualitative description, we developed a model describing processes of Internal Grappling, Building the Advocacy Relationship, and Integrating the Advocate Identity that highlights the importance of a yearlong one-on-one advocacy relationship, intensive reflection and supervision, and community collaboration.
“They Were Going to Kill Me”: Resilience in Unaccompanied Immigrant Minors
Authors: Becker Herbst Rachel , Sabet Raha Forooz , Swanson Amelia , Suarez Lauren G. , Marques Denise S. , Ameen Edward J. , Aldarondo Etiony
Published: March 2018

Unaccompanied and undocumented immigrant minors (UUIM) have become the focus of increased attention. Unfortunately, public discourse is often decontextualized, simplistic, and polarized. Empirical literature fails to capture the experiences of UUIM and identify strategies to promote their well-being. In this article we begin to address these gaps through qualitative inquiry. We analyzed written narratives of 292 Latino UUIM using a theoretical thematic analysis. Participants described motives for, and experiences of, the migration process. Guided by Ungar et al.’s (2007) conceptualization of resilience, five subthemes emerged: access to material resources, relationships, identity and cohesion, social justice, and perilous journey. The results from our study highlight (a) the youth’s difficult and often traumatic experiences in their homeland, (b) the factors that made migrating to the United States appealing to them, and (c) the dangerous journey they experienced. Implications for practice, research, and advocacy are discussed.
Simultaneous reactive dyeing and surface modification of polyamide fabric with TiO2 precursor finish using a one-step hydrothermal process
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Xin , Han Baibing , Wu Hailiang , Mao Ningtao
Published: March 2018

In this article, the approach of dyeing polyamide (PA) fabric by using C.I. Reactive Blue 19 dye and simultaneously modifying it with titanium dioxide precursor under hydrothermal conditions is developed. The anthraquinone-based Reactive Blue 19 dye, which is more resistant to biodegradation owing to its fused aromatic structure compared to an azo-based one, is utilized as a model compound in this research to demonstrate the photodegradation effect of TiO2 on reactive dyes. It is shown that a layer of TiO2 nanoparticles is homogeneously coated on fiber surfaces and their particle sizes are smaller than those remaining in the residual dyeing liquors. The crystallinity and optical properties of the resultant PA fabrics are changed due to this hydrothermal dyeing process. In comparison with the dyed-only PA fabrics, the PA fabrics dyed and simultaneously modified with anatase TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit better color fastness against artificial light (xenon) while maintain similar grades of color fastness against washing with soap, wet scrubbing, dry cleaning as well as dry/wet rubbing. While changes in tensile strength, elongation and water absorbency of the resultant PA fabrics were not found, the addition of tetrabutyl titanate in the dyeing liquor is proved to facilitate the reaction of reactive dye with PA fabric and the resultant PA fabric shade. More interestingly, it is noticed that the residual dyeing liquor can be photodegraded after 50 mins of either UV or visible light irradiation, and the dyeing wastewater can thus be released in an eco-friendly manner to the environment.
Disabilities and Degrees: Identifying Health Impairments that Predict Lower Chances of College Enrollment and Graduation in a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Rosenbaum Janet E.
Published: March 2018

Objective: Colleges have increased postsecondary educational access for youth, including individuals with disabilities, but completion rates remain low. This study tests the hypothesis that health conditions that reduce social integration predict lower educational attainment among college students. Method: The sample from the nationally representative Add Health (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health) data (1995, 2001, 2008) comprised respondents in 2001 whose highest degree was a high school diploma ( n = 9,909), focusing on subsamples of students enrolled in 2-year colleges and 4-year colleges ( n = 1,494; n = 2,721). For each of 57 health conditions in 2001, the relative risk of earning certificate, associate’s degree, or bachelor’s degree in 2008 was estimated, controlling for precollege factors, including high school grades, test scores, parents’ household income, and full-time enrollment. Results: Health conditions associated with social stigma predicted lower educational attainment among 2-year college students including stuttering, being overweight, and health that restricts engaging in vigorous sports. A broader range of health conditions predicted lower educational attainment among 4-year college students, including restrictions on climbing one and several flights of stairs and walking one and several blocks. Contributions: Stigmatized health conditions may disproportionately reduce educational attainment by impacting students’ social integration in 2-year colleges. Improved awareness may reduce the impact of unconscious stigma. Until 4-year colleges improve accommodations, students may benefit by earning credentials at 2-year colleges before transferring to 4-year institutions.
Who Takes the Lead? Investigating the Reciprocal Relationship Between Organizational and News Agendas
Authors: Kroon Anne C. , van der Meer Toni G. L. A.
Published: March 2018

This study introduces the element of time to investigate the causal relation between organizational and news media agendas. Reciprocal time-series analyses were applied to daily-level aggregated press releases ( n = 17,221) and news articles ( n = 74,067). Results indicate that on the first level of agenda building, organizational and news agendas are intertwined in an intimate relation of reciprocal influence, in which organizations more often take the lead. Conversely, results suggest that on the second level of agenda building, organizational and news agendas influence each other less often. Organizational and newspaper characteristics proved useful to map the contingency of agenda-building effects. The findings suggest that organizational sources are more influential in the news discovery phase compared with the news-gathering phase, and imply that the unidirectional conceptualization of news media as a channel to vent organizational messages is too narrow.
The Press and Classical Populism in Argentina and Brazil
Authors: Goldstein Ariel Alejandro
Published: March 2018

Comparison of the policies vis-à-vis the press of the classical populist governments of Argentina and Brazil reveals that the populist elites came into conflict with traditional media elites over exclusionary views that modified the contours of the public sphere. Newspapers committed to liberal principles engaged in intransigent struggle with populism, and this struggle created opportunities for new entrepreneurs to form political alliances with these governments to expand their businesses. The relationship between these “mediatized populisms” and the new media entrepreneurs contributed to the patrimonialism that came to characterize the link between the media and Latin American states in subsequent years.

Una comparación de las políticas relativas a la prensa por parte de los gobiernos populistas clásicos de Argentina y Brasil muestra que las élites populistas entraron en conflicto con las élites de los medios tradicionales. Dichas desavenencias fueron causadas por puntos de vista excluyentes que alteraban el contorno de la esfera pública. Los periódicos comprometidos con los principios liberales sostuvieron una lucha intransigente con el populismo, lucha que dio la oportunidad a nuevos empresarios de formar alianzas políticas con dichos gobiernos y expandir así sus negocios. La relación entre estos “populismos mediáticos” y los empresarios de los nuevos medios contribuyó al patrimonialismo que asumiría el vínculo entre dichos medios y los Estados latinoamericanos en años subsiguientes.
Speaking in the Devil’s Tongue? The True Jesus Church’s Uneasy Rhetorical Accommodation to Maoism, 1948–1958
Authors: Inouye Melissa Wei-Tsing
Published: March 2018

During the 1950s, the universal ideology of Chinese Christian churches clashed with the universal ideology of the Maoist party-state. Since Christian churches were autonomous moral communities (ideologically self-contained, with members collectively claiming authority to define and cultivate moral norms), they hindered the party-state’s ambitions for control. Christians, especially Christian leaders, experienced intense pressure to adopt the new code of Maoist speech. Documents from archives in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan and oral history interviews with members of the True Jesus Church in south China show how, despite the True Jesus Church’s native inclinations to resist, between 1948 and 1958 Maoist rhetoric and discursive patterns replaced biblical rhetoric and discursive patterns in the public life of the church. The contest between religious communities and the state to control the terms of public moral discourse demonstrates the significance of such discourse in demarcating and legitimating community authority.
Austerity HRM practices, work deterioration and possible recovery policies: A cross-European survey in the airport workplace
Authors: Paraschi Elen Paraskevi , Georgopoulos Antonios
Published: March 2018

This study investigates the austerity HRM practices implemented in European airports during the economic crisis, the subsequent deterioration of working conditions and possible recovery policies. The survey results indicate that austerity HRM practices, especially work flexibility, increased workload and workplace discrimination, are strongly and positively correlated with work deterioration. Moreover, the impact of the crisis is not homogeneous across airports, since public airports and those located in South European regions and in countries displaying a high Economic Crisis Index suffer the most. Notwithstanding, a combination of micro-, meso- and macro-policies has the potential to alleviate the detrimental effects of the crisis on airport workplaces.
Overemployed migrant workers: Evidence from the Annual Population Survey for a ‘special model of gendered confidence’
Authors: Cam Surhan
Published: March 2018

Long working hours among migrant workers have been regarded by academic studies both as a cause for concern and as a super-saving strategy for transnational investment back home. However, there is a lack of systematic research as to whether or not migrant workers find their working hours too long and wish to have them reduced. The evidence retrieved from the Annual Population Survey points to a marked desire among migrants to work shorter hours, despite the recessionary climate. By filling the research gap specifically in the reasons behind such a desire, this article informs not only equality policies but also improved management of supply–demand in the labour markets. Predicated on logistic regression modelling, the results suggest that using an intersectional approach by covering various demographic and work-related characteristics helps explain migrant workers’ demand for shorter hours. The influential factors considered are conceptually framed by advancing a ‘special model of gendered confidence’.
Skin metastasis as the first manifestation of lung carcinoma
Authors: Koyuncuer Ali , Cüzdan Sedat Suat , Şenköy Eyüp , Kalacı Nesip
Published: March 2018

Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer and has a high mortality rate. Skin metastases that manifest as visceral malignancies are rare. Cutaneous metastasis from lung cancer has been observed in only 0.22%–12% of cases and is rarely the first manifestation of lung cancer. The histopathological features of metastases are occasionally difficult to distinguish from those of primary cutaneous tumors, despite the rigorous application of useful techniques, particularly immunohistochemistry. We report 3 asymptomatic cases of men who presented with solitary periumbilical, sacral, and scalp metastasis as the first manifestation of an underlying malignant lung tumor.
Ideology: A Multi-paradigmatic Approach
Authors: Ardalan Kavous
Published: March 2018

Any explanation of ideology is based on a worldview. The premise of this article is that any worldview can be associated with one of the four broad paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist and radical structuralist. This article takes the case of ideology and discusses it from the four different viewpoints. It emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the phenomenon from their certain paradigmatic viewpoint, and together they provide a more balanced understanding of the phenomenon under consideration.

JEL: A12, B41, B50
Knowledge management process arrangements and their impact on innovation
Authors: Teixeira Eduardo Kunzel , Oliveira Mirian , Curado Carla Maria Marques
Published: March 2018

This study investigates the types of knowledge management process (KMP) arrangements firms adopt and how these arrangements relate to innovation. Data from 341 Brazilian and Portuguese information technology companies were analysed using a sequence of statistical treatments (factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of variance). The study adopts a perspective other than those of linear models to investigate the KMP arrangements applied by firms and their relation to innovation. The findings suggest that (1) firms adopt balanced KMP arrangements; (2) assuring a certain degree of knowledge application, firms can reach comparable levels of innovation by emphasizing either sharing or storage processes; knowledge sharing processes can compensate for lower levels of other knowledge processes and sustain better levels of innovation; and (3) investments in KMP tend to reach a maximum effect, from which innovation decelerates. The study focuses on the relationship between the KMPs and innovation in the information technology sector, thereby limiting generalization to other sectors. As a practical implication, knowledge managers are provided with information emphasizing the importance of controlling the investments and the organization of KMP arrangements aimed at innovation.