bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AtFH14 crosslinks actin filaments and microtubules in different manners
Authors: Du Pingzhou , Wang Jiaojiao , He Yunqiu , Zhang Sha , Hu Bailing , Xue Xiuhua , Miao Long , Ren Haiyun
Published: January 2021

Background Information

In many cellular processes including cell division, the synergistic dynamics of actin filaments and microtubules play vital roles. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these synergistic dynamics are not fully understood. Proteins such as formins are involved in actin filament–microtubule interactions and Arabidopsis thaliana formin 14 (AtFH14) may function as a crosslinker between actin filaments and microtubules in cell division, but the molecular mechanism underlying such crosslinking remains unclear.

Results

Without microtubules, formin homology (FH) 1/FH2 of AtFH14 nucleated actin polymerisation from actin monomers and capped the barbed end of actin filaments. However, in the presence of microtubules, quantitative analysis showed that the binding affinity of AtFH14 FH1FH2 to microtubules was higher than that to actin filaments. Moreover, microtubule‐bound AtFH14 FH1FH2 neither nucleated actin polymerisation nor inhibited barbed end elongation. In contrast, tubulin did not affect AtFH14 FH1FH2 to nucleate actin polymerisation and inhibit barbed end elongation. Nevertheless, microtubule‐bound AtFH14 FH1FH2 bound actin filaments and the bound actin filaments slid and elongated along the microtubules or elongated away from the microtubules, which induced bundling or crosslinking of actin filaments and microtubules. Pharmacological analyses indicated that AtFH14 FH1FH2 promoted crosslinking of actin filaments and microtubules in vivo. Additionally, co‐sedimentation and fluorescent dye‐labelling experiments of AtFH14 FH2‐truncated proteins in vitro revealed the essential motifs of bundling actin filaments or microtubules, which were 63–92 aa and 42–62 aa in the AtFH14 FH2 N‐terminal, respectively, and 42–62 aa was the essential motif to crosslink actin filaments and microtubules.

Conclusions and Significance

Our results aid in explaining how AtFH14 functions as a crosslinker between actin filaments and microtubules to regulate their dynamics via different manners during cell division. They also facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between actin filaments and microtubules.
A unique ligand‐steered strategy for CC chemokine receptor 2 homology modeling to facilitate structure‐based virtual screening
Authors: Jin Hongwei , Xia Jie , Liu Zhenming , Wang Xiang Simon , Zhang Liangren
Published: January 2021

CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonists that disrupt CCR2/MCP‐1 interaction are expected to treat a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The lack of CCR2 crystal structure limits the application of structure‐based drug design (SBDD) to this target. Although a few three‐dimensional theoretical models have been reported, their accuracy remains to be improved in terms of templates and modeling approaches. In this study, we developed a unique ligand‐steered strategy for CCR2 homology modeling. It starts with an initial model based on the X‐ray structure of the closest homolog so far, that is, CXCR4. Then, it uses Elastic Network Normal Mode Analysis (EN‐NMA) and flexible docking (FD) by AutoDock Vina software to generate ligand‐induced fit models. It selects optimal model(s) as well as scoring function(s) via extensive evaluation of model performance based on a unique benchmarking set constructed by our in‐house tool, that is, MUBD‐DecoyMaker. The model of 81_04 presents the optimal enrichment when combined with the scoring function of PMF04, and the proposed binding mode between CCR2 and Teijin lead by this model complies with the reported mutagenesis data. To highlight the advantage of our strategy, we compared it with the only reported ligand‐steered strategy for CCR2 homology modeling, that is, Discovery Studio/Ligand Minimization. Lastly, we performed prospective virtual screening based on 81_04 and CCR2 antagonist bioassay. The identification of two hit compounds, that is, E859‐1281 and MolPort‐007‐767‐945, validated the efficacy of our model and the ligand‐steered strategy.
Test‐guided dietary management of eczema in children: A randomized controlled feasibility trial (TEST)
Authors: Ridd Matthew J. , Webb Douglas , Roberts Kirsty , Santer Miriam , Chalmers Joanne R. , Gilbertson Anna , Marriage Deb , Blair Peter S. , Turner Nicholas L. , Garfield Kirsty , Coast Joanna , Selman Lucy E. , Clement Clare , Shaw Alison R.G. , Muller Ingrid , Waddell Lisa , Angier Elizabeth , Taylor Jodi , Kai Joe , Boyle Robert J.
Published: January 2021

Background

Parents commonly ask about food allergy tests, to find a cause for their child's eczema, yet the value of routine testing is uncertain.

Objective

To determine whether a clinical trial comparing test‐guided dietary advice versus usual care, for the management of eczema, is feasible.

Methods

Children (>3 months and <5 years) with mild‐to‐severe eczema, recruited via primary care, were individually randomized (1:1) to intervention or usual care. Intervention participants underwent structured allergy history and skin prick tests (SPT) with dietary advice for cow's milk, hen's egg, wheat, peanut, cashew and codfish. All participants were followed up for 24 weeks. A sample of doctors and parents was interviewed. Registration ISRCTN15397185.

Results

From 1059 invitation letters sent to carers of potentially eligible children, 84 were randomized (42 per group) with mean age of 32.4 months (SD 13.9) and POEM of 8.7 (4.8). Of the 42, 6 (14%) intervention participants were advised to exclude one or more foods, most commonly egg, peanut or milk. By participant, 1/6 had an oral food challenge (negative); 3/6 were told to exclude until review in allergy clinic; and 6/6 advised a home dietary trial (exclusion and reintroduction of food over 4–6 weeks) – with 1/6 partially completing it. Participant retention (four withdrawals) and data completeness (74%–100%) were acceptable and contamination low (two usual care participants had allergy tests). There were three minor SPT‐related adverse events. During follow‐up, 12 intervention and 8 usual care participants had minor, unrelated adverse events plus one unrelated hospital admission.

Conclusions

It is possible to recruit, randomize and retain children with eczema from primary care into a trial of food allergy screening and to collect the outcomes of interest. Changes to recruitment and inclusion criteria are needed in a definitive trial, to ensure inclusion of younger children from more diverse backgrounds.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analog treatment in children with idiopathic central precocious puberty: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Luo Xiaoping , Liang Yan , Hou Ling , Wu Wei , Ying Yanqin , Ye Feng
Published: January 2021

Objective

To investigate the long‐term efficacy and safety of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) treatment in children with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP).

Method

The protocol was registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42018102792). PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible comparative and single‐arm studies.

Results

We identified a total of 98 studies that included 5475 individuals. The overall risk of bias of the eligible studies ranged from critical to moderate. The overall quality of evidence for each outcome ranged from very low to moderate. Evidence‐based comparative studies showed that GnRHa treatment increase final adult height (FAH, cm; studies = 4, n = 242; mean difference [MD] = 4.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.32 to 7.34; I2 = 49%) and decrease body mass index (BMI, kg/m2; studies = 3, n = 334; MD = −1.01; 95% CI, −1.64 to −0.37; I2 = 0%) in girls with idiopathic CPP compared with no treatment. The incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) did not significantly differ with and without GnRHa treatment (studies = 3, n = 179; risk ratio = 1.21; 95% CI, 0.46 to 3.15; I2 = 48%). The evidence for other long‐term outcomes was very weak to deduce the effects of GnRHa treatment. Further, limited evidence is available on its effects in boys.

Conclusion

Compared with no treatment, evidence indicates that GnRHa treatment increase FAH and decrease BMI in girls with idiopathic CPP. GnRHa treatment did not evidently increase the risk of PCOS. However, evidence regarding other key long‐term outcomes (such as infertility and malignant or metabolic diseases) was considered very weak to suggest the benefits or side effects of GnRHa treatment. Additional high‐quality evidence is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
Country‐, firm‐, and director‐level risk and responsibilities and independent director compensation
Authors: Melis Andrea , Rombi Luigi
Published: January 2021

Research Question/Issue

This study investigates how and to what extent country‐level institutional characteristics and firm‐ and independent director‐level risk and responsibilities are related to independent director compensation, in terms of amount and design.

Research Findings/Insights

Using an international sample of 5,220 independent directors on 727 non‐financial listed firms in 16 countries, this study revealed that both country‐level institutional characteristics and firm‐ and director‐level agency account for the variation of independent director compensation amount. Firm‐level ESG‐related reputational risk and director‐level observable responsibilities on the board are strongly related to independent director compensation amount. These agency relationships vary in the different institutional settings. Country‐level director liability substitutes for firm‐level and director‐level monitoring. Firms conform to institutional pressures for independent director compensation design. Institutional embeddedness comes from the firm's primary institutional environment and its exposure to foreign financial markets.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

This study develops a multilevel theory of the antecedents of independent director compensation. Firm‐ and director‐level agency issues are nested in, and interact with, the institutional context in which the agency relationship between shareholders and independent directors is embedded.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

This study helps practitioners to understand how director liability regulations, a firm's ESG‐related reputational risk and the specific responsibilities on the board are related to independent director compensation. It helps firms explain to shareholders (and stakeholders) how independent director compensation is determined. Firms should consider that the consequences of their ESG practices extend beyond direct costs. Policymakers can find our results useful when regulating on director liability and developing best practices.
On the ‘Arab Inequality Puzzle’: A Rejoinder
Authors: Achcar Gilbert
Published: January 2021

This rejoinder responds to the Comment by Vladimir Hlasny and Paolo Verme on my article that was recently published in this journal. The acrimonious tone of their Comment is regrettable, and its content reveals a worldview according to which issues such as income inequality and its causal relation to social contention are ‘technical’ in nature and reserved for debate only among ‘apolitical’ econometricians. Beyond that, Hlasny and Verme's Comment adds precious little by way of new argument to the discussion.
Neurosurgical procedures for children with myelomeningocele after fetal or postnatal surgery: a comparative effectiveness study
Authors: Worley Gordon , Greenberg Rachel G , Rocque Brandon G , Liu Tiebin , Dicianno Brad E , Castillo Jonathan P , Ward Elisabeth A , Williams Tonya R , Blount Jeffrey P , Wiener John S
Published: January 2021

Aim

To compare the frequencies of neurosurgical procedures to treat comorbid conditions of myelomeningocele in patients who underwent fetal surgery versus postnatal surgery for closure of the placode.

Method

By utilizing the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry in a comparative effectiveness study, 298 fetal surgery patients were matched by birthdate (±3mo) and spina bifida clinic site with one to three postnatal surgery patients (n=648). Histories were obtained by record review on enrollment and yearly subsequently. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to compare frequencies of procedures between cohorts, with adjustments for sex, ethnicity, insurance status, spinal segmental level of motor function, age at last visit recorded in the Registry, and, for shunt revision in shunted patients, age at cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion.

Results

The median age at last visit was 4 years. In fully adjusted analyses in patients aged at least 12 months old, fetal surgery was associated with decreased frequency of CSF diversion for hydrocephalus by ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion or endoscopic third ventriculostomy compared with postnatal surgery (46% vs 79%; incidence rate ratio=0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.71; p<0.01). Over all ages, fetal surgery was associated with decreased frequency of Chiari decompression for brainstem dysfunction (3% vs 7%; incidence rate ratio=0.41; 95% CI 0.19–0.88; p=0.02). Also over all ages, differences were not significant in frequencies of shunt revision in shunted patients (53% vs 55%; incidence rate ratio=0.87; 95% CI 0.69–1.11; p=0.27), nor tethered cord release for acquired spinal cord dysfunction (18% vs 16%; incidence rate ratio=1.11; 95% CI 0.84–1.47; p=0.46).

Interpretation

Even with the variations inherent in clinical practice, fetal surgery was associated with lower frequencies of CSF diversion and of Chiari decompression, independent of covariates.

What this paper adds

Fetal surgery was associated with lower frequencies of cerebrospinal fluid diversion and decompression of Chiari II malformation than postnatal surgery.

Frequencies of ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision and tethered cord release were not significantly different between cohorts.
Participation predictors for leisure‐time physical activity intervention in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Reedman Sarah E , Boyd Roslyn N , Ziviani Jenny , Elliott Catherine , Ware Robert S , Sakzewski Leanne
Published: January 2021

Aim

To determine the predictors of magnitude of change in response to a participation‐focused leisure‐time physical activity intervention in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using the ParticiPAte CP protocol.

Method

We included 33 children (16 males, 17 females) aged 8 to 12 years (mean age=10y, SD=1y 6mo) with CP with pre/postintervention data from a wait‐list randomized trial. The hypothesized linear predictors of change in primary outcomes (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM]‐performance and COPM‐satisfaction, Belief in Goal Self‐Competence Scale (BiGSS), and minutes per day moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) were: age; Gross Motor Function Classification System level; comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Goal Attainment Scaling T score; Problems in Schools Questionnaire; Physical Activity Climate Questionnaire; Motives for Physical Activities Measure‐Revised; and stage of behaviour change. Multivariable models were selected using the Bayesian information criterion.

Results

Overcoming barriers to participation, age, and comorbid ASD explained 49% of the variance in change in COPM‐performance. Being motivated by interest and/or enjoyment and age explained 32% of the variance in change in COPM‐satisfaction. Being motivated by physical activity competence or appearance (extrinsic motivation) explained 24% of the variance in change in BiGSS. Parental autonomy supportiveness, overcoming barriers to participation, appearance motivation, and baseline MVPA explained 59% of the variance in change in MVPA.

Interpretation

These findings support a behaviour paradigm for conceptualizing physical activity in children with CP.

What this paper adds

Children who met their treatment goals showed a greater increase in physical activity participation.

Children who were more intrinsically motivated by physical activity at baseline improved more.

Being older and having a comorbid diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder were associated with an attenuated effect of the therapy.
Perceptions of Inherited Wealth and the Support for Inheritance Taxation
Authors: Bastani Spencer , Waldenström Daniel
Published: January 2021

We study how attitudes to inheritance taxation are influenced by information about the role of inherited wealth in society. Using a randomized experiment in a register‐linked Swedish survey, we find that informing individuals about the large aggregate importance of inherited wealth and its link to inequality of opportunity significantly increases the support for inheritance taxation. Changes in the perceived economic importance of inherited wealth and altered views on whether luck matters most for economic success appear to be driving factors behind the treatment effect. Our findings suggest that the low salience of inherited wealth could be one explanation behind the relatively marginalized role of inheritance taxation in developed economies.
Early hearing loss induces plasticity within extra‐striate visual cortex
Authors: Meredith M. Alex , Kay John M. , Lomber Stephen G. , Clemo H. Ruth
Published: January 2021

Supranormal perceptual performance has been observed within the intact senses of early‐deaf or blind humans and animals. For cortical areas deprived of their normal sensory input, numerous studies have shown that the lesioned modality is replaced by that of the intact sensory modalities through a process termed crossmodal plasticity. In contrast, little is known about the effects of loss of a particular sensory modality on the cortical representations of the remaining, intact sensory modalities. In the present study, an area of extrastriate visual cortex from early‐deaf adult cats was examined for features of dendritic plasticity known to occur after early‐deafness. Using light‐microscopy of Golgi‐stained pyramidal neurons from the posterolateral lateral suprasylvian (PLLS) cortex, dendritic spine density significantly increased (~19%), while spine head size was slightly but significantly decreased (~9%) following early hearing loss. Curiously, these changes were not localized to regions of the visual PLLS known to receive auditory inputs, but instead showed a broad pattern more reflective of the distribution of the area's visual features. Whereas hearing loss results in crossmodal plasticity in auditory cortices, the same peripheral lesion can also induce intramodal plasticity within representations of the intact sensory systems that may also contribute to supranormal performance.
Ag–Sr doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles loaded chitosan/gelatin coating for orthopedic implants
Authors: Aqib Raja , Kiani Sarang , Bano Shaher , Wadood Abdul , Ur Rehman Muhammad Atiq
Published: January 2021

In this study, we investigated surface and biological properties of Ag–Sr‐doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle (Ag–Sr MBGN) loaded chitosan/gelatin coatings deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on 316L stainless steel. The EPD parameters, that is, deposition time, applied voltage, and distance between the electrodes was optimized by the Taguchi design of experiment (DoE) approach. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrated the spherical morphology of the synthesized Ag–Sr MBGNs with the mean particle size of 160 ± 20 nm. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of Ag and Sr in the synthesized MBGNs. Optimum EPD parameters determined by DoE approach were 5 g/L of Ag–Sr MBGNs, deposition time of 5 min, and applied voltage of 30 V. SEM images confirmed that the coatings were fairly homogenous. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and EDX results confirmed the presence of chitosan, gelatin, and Ag–Sr MBGNs in the coatings. Chitosan/gelatin/Ag–Sr MBGN composite coatings exhibited suitable wettability for the protein attachment and proliferation of osteoblast cells. The composite coatings exhibited suitable adhesion strength with the substrate. The coatings developed HA crystals upon immersion in simulated body fluid. The results of the turbidity test confirmed that the coatings are antibacterial to the Escherichia coli cells.
Microstructures and tribological behaviors of Cf/C‐SiC composites tailored by Cu and Fe‐Si matrices
Authors: Li Jinwei , Xiao Peng , Li Zhuan , Zhou Peng , Chen Fu , Li Yang
Published: January 2021

Ternary Cu‐Fe‐Si alloy were applied to modify tribological behavior of carbon fiber/carbon‐silicon carbide (Cf/C‐SiC) composites by reactive melt infiltration. Microstructures, physical properties and tribological properties on a full‐scale train brake test rig of the modified composites were studied. Results indicate that both Cu and Fe‐Si alloy as matrices lead to significantly enhanced thermal conductivity and compressive strength for Cf/C‐SiC composites. Moreover, the average friction coefficient of the modified composites is between 0.25 and 0.55, which is higher than that of copper metal matrix composites. In addition, the average volume wear rate of the modified composites is only 0.168 cm3/MJ. The Cf/C‐SiC composites modified by Cu and Fe‐Si alloy with improved physical properties and tribological properties meet the technical requirement and show high application potential in express train brake systems.
Effect of the thickness of nickel film interlayer on direct‐bonded aluminum/alumina as substrate in high‐power devices
Authors: Chao Wei‐Che , Lin Chien‐Cheng , Lin Kun‐Lin
Published: January 2021

Aluminum (Al) was successfully bonded with alumina (Al2O3) using Ni films of different thicknesses (3, 6, 12 μm) through electroplating and electroless plating processes after annealing at the relatively low melting point of Al. The microstructure, bonding area percentage, shear strength, and thermal conductivity of Al/Al2O3 joints were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, scanning acoustic tomography (SAT), the ISO 13124 test, and the laser flash method respectively. No reaction layer was found at the interface of the Al/Al2O3 joint, and the Ni film diffused completely into Al to form an intermetallic compound, Al3Ni, in the Al foil. The amount and size of the Al3Ni phase in the Al foil increased gradually with the thickness of the Ni film. The samples with Ni deposited via electroplating had a higher shear stress and bonding area than the samples with Ni deposited via electroless plating. The Al/Al2O3 specimen with a 3‐μm‐thick Ni film interlayer deposited using electroplating had the highest shear strength (50.6 MPa), thermal conductivity (39.45 W/mK), and bonding area percentage (~99.97%); therefore, specimens produced under these conditions were considered suitable for use as a substrate in high‐power devices.
Non‐isothermal kinetic study of high‐grade magnesite thermal decomposition and morphological evolution of MgO
Authors: Hou Qingdong , Luo Xudong , Li Meiting , An Di , Xie Zhipeng
Published: January 2021

Thermal decomposition was the prerequisite and basis for the utilization of magnesite resources. However, the calcination of magnesite was usually accompanied by high energy consumption, which not only caused serious waste of magnesite resources, but also restricted its high value‐added utilization. Therefore, calcination conditions were the key to controlling thermal decomposition process of magnesite. The kinetics of high‐grade magnesite thermal decomposition was elaborated by non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis, and meanwhile the effect of heating rate on the magnesite thermal decomposition reaction and morphology of MgO particles were characterized. Both Doyle and Gorbatchev approximate functions were used to simulate the magnesite thermal decomposition process, where the experimental data (correlation coefficient) fitted by the latter could obtain more acceptable kinetic parameters of the magnesite thermal decomposition. The good linear relationship between the activation energy and the pre‐finger factor allowed for a kinetic compensation of the thermal decomposition of magnesite. Furthermore, higher heating rate induced the formation of terraced grains, grain network group, cubic grains, and spherical grains for the samples sintered at 1200°C. The heating rate largely affected the magnesite particle morphology, grain size distribution and activity, and also provided important technical indicators in the actual production of magnesia refractory raw materials.
GATA1 mutation analysis and molecular landscape characterization in acute myeloid leukemia with trisomy 21 in pediatric patients
Authors: Panferova Agnesa , Gaskova Marina , Nikitin Eugenyi , Baryshev Pavel , Timofeeva Natalia , Kazakova Anna , Matveev Viktor , Mikhailova Ekaterina , Popov Alexander , Kalinina Irina , Hachatrian Lili , Maschan Aleksey , Maschan Michael , Novichkova Galina , Olshanskaya Yulia
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Accurate detection of GATA1 mutation is highly significant in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and trisomy 21 as it allows optimization of clinical protocol. This study was aimed at (a) enhanced search for GATA1 mutations; and (b) characterization of molecular landscapes for such conditions.

Methods

The DNA samples from 44 patients with newly diagnosed de novo AML with trisomy 21 were examined by fragment analysis and Sanger sequencing of the GATA1 exon 2, complemented by targeted high‐throughput sequencing (HTS).

Results

Acquired GATA1 mutations were identified in 43 cases (98%). Additional mutations in the genes of JAK/STAT signaling, cohesin complex, and RAS pathway activation were revealed by HTS in 48%, 36%, and 16% of the cases, respectively.

Conclusions

The GATA1 mutations were reliably determined by fragment analysis and/or Sanger sequencing in a single PCR amplicon manner. For patients with extremely low blast counts and/or rare variants, the rapid screening with simple molecular approaches must be complemented with HTS. The JAK/STAT and RAS pathway‐activating mutations may represent an extra option of targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors.
Exploring pedagogies used in undergraduate mental health nursing curriculum: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Goh Yong‐Shian , Owyong Jenna Qing Yun , Seetoh Yu‐Ting Michelle , Hu Yanan , Chng Mui‐Lee , Li Ziqiang
Published: January 2021

The growing demand of mental health services among the population and the stigma associated with mental health conditions have resulted in a shortage of skilled nurses competent in delivering quality care to persons experiencing mental health conditions. This suggests the need to develop a systematic and comprehensive curriculum to prepare nursing students for a career in mental health nursing. An integrative review on empirical studies was conducted based on Cooper’s five‐stage integrative review framework to investigate the different pedagogies and to highlight the elements of an effective curriculum for teaching mental health nursing. All quantitative, qualitative, and mixed‐method studies published between 2009 and 2019 that examined pedagogies in mental health nursing for nursing undergraduates were included in this review. Databases of interest included PubMed, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. To ensure methodological rigour and validity, the 23 included studies were independently evaluated by two authors through critical appraisal tools developed by Joanna Briggs Institute for quantitative and qualitative studies. Results from this review were categorized into three themes: (i) the deployment of simulation; (ii) pedagogies in enhancing critical thinking; and (iii) importance of consumer‐oriented educational experiences. These results suggested that students would benefit substantially from in‐depth discussions, critical reflections, and real‐life experiences. Mental health nursing curricula should incorporate simulations, pedagogies for critical thinking, and consumers’ lived experience to supplement the clinical rotations.
Asymptotic analysis of radial vibration of thin piezoelectric disks
Authors: Xiong Xiangming , Li Xiaotian
Published: January 2021

The one‐dimensional radial vibration model of piezoelectric disks has been widely used to determine the relevant material coefficients from admittance measurements. However, the one‐dimensional model assumes infinitely thin disks, and therefore cannot predict their axial displacements. We extend the one‐dimensional model by performing an asymptotic analysis of the axisymmetric radial vibration of thin disks. The asymptotic expansions include the asymptotic axial displacement and the second‐order corrections to the admittance and the radial displacement in the one‐dimensional model. We verify the asymptotic expansions and the one‐dimensional model with the Chebyshev tau method. In the one‐dimensional model, the frequencies of the maximum admittance in the first and second radial modes are accurate to 1% for Pz27 disks with thickness‐to‐diameter ratios of 0.15 and 0.065, respectively. For a general piezoelectric disk in the forced vibration, the error of in the one‐dimensional model can be estimated from the second‐order correction of the asymptotic resonance frequency in the free vibration.
Microstructural and electrical changes in Ca0.9R0.1CeNbMoO8 (R = Y, Sm, Nd, La) ceramics induced by rare‐earth ion doping
Authors: Liu Yafei , Fu Zhilong , Chen Xingyu , Wei Yaxin , Zhang Bo , Chang Aimin
Published: January 2021

Rare‐earth ions doped Ca0.9R0.1CeNbMoO8 (R = Y, Sm, Nd, La) ceramics have been successfully prepared by solid‐state method, and their modifications to the microstructure and electrical properties are also investigated. The rare‐earth ions doped ceramics exhibit the scheelite structure. With the increase in the radius of rare‐earth ions, the lattice distortion and bond interaction will be enhanced, and the consistency of grain size will be reduced. The ceramics exhibit negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor characteristics in the temperature range of 473 K‐1273 K, and the activation energy decreases with the increase of the radius of rare‐earth ions. Rare‐earth ions doping can increase the content of Ce3+ ions and promote the conductivity of ceramics. Except for Sm3+‐doped ceramics, the high‐temperature aging rate of other ceramics is less than 2%. The existence of some metastable Sm2+ ions in Sm3+‐doped ceramics not only increases the activation energy, but also reduces the high‐temperature stability of the ceramics.
The obligation of parents with COVID‐19 positivity to stay separated from their children
Authors: Yavaş Çelik Melike
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the experience of parents with coronavirus disease 2019 which demanded they separate from their children.

Design and Method

Designed as a descriptive and qualitative study; the interviews were guided by a questionnaire developed by researchers in light of the relevant literature.

Findings

It was determined that the obligation of parents to stay separate from their children caused difficulties such as finding someone to take care of their children, coping with the emotions related to being separated, and explaining this situation to their children.

Practice Implications

With this study, the difficulties experienced by parents who become ill and separated from their children were revealed. Approaches are suggested that can be used while determining solutions to these larger issues.
Cardiovascular risk assessment in children and adolescents with congenital solitary kidneys
Authors: Kasap‐Demir Belde , Soyaltın Eren , Arslansoyu‐Çamlar Seçil , Alparslan Caner , Alaygut Demet , Yavaşcan Önder , Demircan Tülay , Mutlubaş Fatma , Karadeniz Cem
Published: January 2021

Patients with solitary kidneys (SKs) are at risk of hypertension (HT) and associated end‐organ damage. The authors aimed to evaluate whether children with congenital SKs (CSKs) have higher office, ambulatory, or central blood pressure (BP), increased arterial stiffness or left ventricular mass index, or any risk for arrhythmia. With this purpose, patients with CSK and healthy controls being followed up between January 2018 and June 2019 were enrolled in the study. Demographic, biochemical, and office blood pressure (BP) data were recorded. Then, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and measurements of central BP (cBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (AIx@75) were obtained. Ventricular repolarization parameters were acquired by 12‐lead electrocardiography. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and abdominal aortic stiffness parameters including strain, pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep), and normalized Ep (Ep*) were calculated with echocardiographic measurements. Finally, 36 children with CSK and 36 healthy controls were included. Serum creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol levels, ABPM parameters, cBP levels, and PWV values were significantly higher, and eGFR levels were significantly lower in the CSK group. VR parameters, abdominal aortic stiffness indices, and LVMI were similar between the groups. CSK increased the risk of HT in ABPM (HTABPM) by 6 times. PWV was significantly correlated with Ep and Ep* in cases with CSK. Determination of cBP and PWV along with 24‐hour ABPM would be a useful tool in children with CSK.
When to save or remove implants in the smile zone: A clinical report of maxillary lateral incisor implants in malposition
Authors: Tarnow Dennis P. , Chu Stephen J.
Published: January 2021

Objective

The following is a clinical report addressing when to save or remove implants with esthetic deficiencies in the smile zone as well as the sequence and timing of interdisciplinary treatment.

Clinical considerations

Key factors in the decision‐making process in treating implants in malposition are whether the implants are (1) in a reasonable restorative position, (2) free of disease, and (3) placed with adequate depth. This clinical report encompassed periodontal corrective surgery, non‐surgical soft tissue sculpting through subgingival crown contour, material selection for definitive restorations, and cementation techniques for cement‐retained restorations.

Clinical significance

Knowledge and understanding of interdisciplinary treatment planning, sequencing, and respective techniques that can be implemented when confronting implants in malposition in the smile zone will allow the interdisciplinary team to achieve the desired esthetic restorative result.
Assessing oral health content in nondental professional association websites
Authors: Weintraub Jane A. , Jamison Alice R. , Rozier R. Gary , Atchison Kathryn A.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Determine the prevalence and type of oral health (OH) content among nondental health professional associations' websites.

Methods

Fifty‐nine organizations were selected from three lists of health professional associations and categorized as physician‐, nurse‐ and other healthcare‐related professions. Eight dental search terms were used on searchable websites. Six types of OH information were collected. Websites were assessed for any OH content and comparisons made. Frequencies, chi‐square, and Fisher extract test statistics were calculated.

Results

Thirty‐five (59 percent) of websites had any OH information content. Twenty (34 percent) had OH authored content, 10–19 percent had OH webpages, interest groups, or initiatives, CE courses or webinars, or curriculum information. The term “oral hygiene” gave the greatest yield and “dentistry” the least. No significant differences in existence of “Any OH content” was found between each organization type versus others.

Conclusion

Many nondental professional associations could increase OH website content and education with assistance from dental organizations.
Egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some chicken strains under high ambient temperatures
Authors: Abuoghaba Ahmed Abdel‐Kareem , Ezzat Waheed , Rizk Ahmed Mohamed , Qurtam Ashraf Ahmed , El‐Sayed Osama Abdullah
Published: January 2021

This experiment was designed to investigate and compare the egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some local developed Egyptian chicken strains under high ambient temperatures. A total of 108 (26 weeks old) laying hens of Matrouh, Silver Montazah, Mandarah and Inshas (9 hens × 3 replicates × 4 strains) were used to evaluate the impact of thermal stress (24‐34ºC) during summer season (June, July and August) on egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses. The obtained results revealed that final body weight (FBW/g) and body weight change (BWC/g) among different chicken strains were not affected. The daily feed consumption (FC/g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The mean egg production (EP/%) and egg mass (EM) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The highest percentages of hatchability of total eggs (HTE) and fertile eggs (HFE) were recorded in Inshas chickens, while the lowest value was recorded in Mandarah chickens. Also, the highest embryonic mortalities (p ≤ .05) and lowest chick weight at hatch (CWH/g) were recorded in Mandarah chickens compared with the other strains. The highest values for antibody titres against phytohemagglutinin‐P (PHA‐P) were recorded in Mandarah chickens, while the least values were recorded in Inshas chickens.
Genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers reveal population structure and dispersal direction of an expanding nuisance algal bloom species
Authors: Rengefors Karin , Gollnisch Raphael , Sassenhagen Ingrid , Härnström Aloisi Karolina , Svensson Marie , Lebret Karen , Čertnerová Dora , Cresko William A. , Bassham Susan , Ahrén Dag
Published: January 2021

Species invasion and range expansion are currently under scrutiny due to increasing anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. This is also true for harmful algal blooms, which have been reported to have increased in frequency. However, this research is challenging due to the ephemeral nature, small size and mostly low concentrations of microalgae in the environment. One such species is the nuisance microalga Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae), which has increased in occurrence in northern Europe in recent decades. The question of whether the species has expanded its habitat range or if it was already present in the lakes but was too rare to be detected remains unanswered. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic structure and dispersal pathways of G. semen using RAD (restriction‐site‐associated DNA) tag sequencing. For G. semen, which has a huge genome (32 Gbp), we faced particular challenges, but were nevertheless able to recover over 1000 single nucleotide polymorphisms at high coverage. Our data revealed a distinct population genetic structure, demonstrating a divide of western and eastern populations that probably represent different lineages. Despite significant genetic differentiation among lakes, we found only limited isolation‐by‐distance. While we had expected a pattern of recent expansion northwards, the data demonstrated gene flow from the northeast/east towards the southwest/west. This genetic signature suggests that the observed gene flow may be due to dispersal by autumn migratory birds, which act as dispersal vectors of resistant resting propagules that form at the end of the G. semen blooms.
‘I found myself a despicable being!’: Medical students face disturbing moral dilemmas
Authors: Ribeiro Diego Lima , Costa Marcos , Helmich Esther , Jaarsma Debbie , de Carvalho‐Filho Marco Antonio
Published: January 2021

Context

The psychological realm of medical students' moral experiences is explored tangentially in medical education literature, often in the context of ethics or professionalism education. This study deepens our understanding by (a) investigating the nature of moral dilemmas experienced at the onset of clinical practice, (b) exploring students' emotional response to these dilemmas, and (c) examining how students perceive the influence of these dilemmas on their professional development.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional qualitative study carried out in 2017 that applied thematic template analysis to individual interviews performed with last‐year medical students. The interviews followed the drawing of a Rich Picture representing moral dilemmas experienced by medical students at the onset of clinical practice.

Results

Moral dilemmas have four intertwined dimensions. The first relates to students' struggle to prioritise, balance and apply conflicting moral values; the second comprises the clash between students' inner motivation and the external constraints that limit the moral action; the third refers to the conflict between students' current attitudes with the desired/idealised attitudes of the doctor they intend to become; and the fourth corresponds to weighting conflicting ethical principles during the moral decision. Students' emotional responses are intense and long‐lasting, and with a remarkable residue effect, particularly when the moral decision does not align with their moral beliefs. Moral dilemmas are impactful experiences that affect the professional development of medical students and can culminate in both detachment and growth in moral courage.

Conclusion

Moral dilemmas are memorable, complex and emotionally intense experiences that impact the professional development of medical students. Understanding students' moral dilemmas can help educators to devise pedagogical activities to anticipate and reflect on these experiences. These activities should happen under the guidance of a non‐judgemental facilitator, capable of listening and legitimating students' thoughts and feelings while providing insights to nurture their professional development.
A systematic review of healthcare professionals' core competency instruments
Authors: Yaqoob Mohammed Al Jabri Fatma , Kvist Tarja , Azimirad Mina , Turunen Hannele
Published: January 2021

While technical and profession‐specific competencies are paramount in the delivery of healthcare services, the cross‐cutting core competencies of healthcare professionals play an important role in healthcare transformation, innovation, and the integration of roles. This systematic review describes the characteristics and psychometric properties of existing instruments for assessing healthcare professionals' core competencies in clinical settings. It was guided by the JBI methodology and used the COSMIN checklist (Mokkink et al., User manual, 2018, 78, 1) to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. A database search (CINAHL, Scopus, and PubMed) and additional manual search were undertaken for peer‐reviewed papers with abstracts, published in English between 2008 and 2019. The search identified nine studies that were included in the synthesis demonstrating core competencies in professionalism, ethical and legal issues, research and evidence‐based practice, personal and professional development, teamwork and collaboration, leadership and management, and patient‐centered care. Few instruments addressed competencies in quality improvement, safety, communication, or health information technology. The findings demonstrate the reviewed tools' validity and reliability and pave the way for a comprehensive evaluation and assessment of core competencies into clinical practice.
Comparative study of three composite materials in bonding attachments for clear aligners
Authors: Chen Wener , Qian Liwen , Qian Yufen , Zhang Zhechen , Wen Xin
Published: January 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the operation time, shear bond strength, placement accuracy and wear resistance of 3 composite materials (Filtek Z350XT, Filtek Z350XT Flowable and SonicFill) that were used to make attachments for clear aligners.

Settings and sample population

Laboratory of Stomatology of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. A total of 129 human mandibular premolars were collected, 69 of which were assigned to 3 groups (A1, B1 and C1). The remaining 60 teeth were divided into 3 groups (A2, B2 and C2).

Methods

Z350XT composite resin was used in groups A1 and A2 to bond the attachments. Z350XT Flowable composite resin was used in groups B1 and B2. SonicFill composite resin was used in groups C1 and C2. The operation time, shear bond strength, the placement accuracy and wear volume loss of 3 composite materials were evaluated.

Results

The operation time of Z350XT Flowable and SonicFill was shorter than Z350XT (P < .05). The shear bond strength of SonicFill was higher than Z350XT and Z350XT Flowable (P < .05). The SEM showed that the bonding interface of Z350XT and SonicFill was compact. The 3D deviation and volumetric change in the 3D designed attachments and the attachments after actual bonding of Z350XT Flowable were greater than that of Z350XT and SonicFill (P < .05). The wear volume loss of SonicFill and Z350XT was less than that of Z350XT Flowable (P < .05).

Conclusion

SonicFill seems to represent a suitable material for producing attachments, which optimized the property combination.
Helicobacter pylori and other factors in recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mazzoleni Daniel Schebela , Mazzoleni Felipe , Mazzoleni Luiz Edmundo , Francesconi Carlos Fernando de Magalhães , Milbradt Tobias Cancian , Uchoa Diego Mendonça , Birnfeld Heitor Ribeiro , Andrighetto Luiza Vitelo , Ries Sacha Allebrandt da Silva , Simon Daniel , Talley Nicholas Joseph
Published: January 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the role of Helicobacter pylori and other risk factors in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).

Methods

Patients with functional dyspepsia responded to questionnaires regarding demographic and clinical data, anxiety and depression, and a specific RAS questionnaire. They underwent upper digestive endoscopy and H. pylori evaluation.

Results

476 patients were included and of the 372 evaluated for H. pylori, 65.6% were H. pylori‐positive. RAS was reported by 32.6% (155/476). In the bivariate analysis of the 372 patients evaluated for gastric H. pylori status, positive subjects had a lower RAS prevalence (29.9%; 73/244) than H. pylori‐negative (41.4%; 53/128) (p = .026). Smoking (p = .005) and older age (p = .034) were also associated with a lower prevalence, while female gender (p = .032) and lower income (p = .046) presented higher RAS prevalence. In the multivariate analysis, H. pylori infection (p = .017), smoking (p = .001), and older age (p = .013) were protective factors, while lower income (p = .030) and anxiety (p = .042) were risk factors. In the multivariate analysis of all patients, female gender, lower income, and more schooling years were risk factors.

Conclusions

An unexpected lower prevalence of RAS was found in H. pylori‐positive patients. Smoking, sex, age, income, education, and anxiety were associated with RAS.
The fatal consequence of inappropriate therapy in a single VF zone primary prevention defibrillator
Authors: Griffiths Samuel , Behar Jonathan M. , Lascelles Karen , Wong Tom
Published: January 2021

We report a case of inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy due to single ventricular fibrillation (VF) zone programming leading to patient death. A remote transmission was received from a patient with a cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator showing sinus tachycardia in the VF detection zone initiating inappropriate shocks and resulting in shock refractory VF. This case report highlights the importance of manufacturer specific ICD programming. In devices without discrimination in the VF zone, a higher rate single VF detection zone and/or addition of a ventricular tachycardia zone with supraventricular tachycardia discrimination should be considered.