bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practices and Applications of Convolutional Neural Network-Based Computer Vision Systems in Animal Farming: A Review
Authors: Li Guoming , Huang Yanbo , Chen Zhiqian , Chesser Gary D. , Purswell Joseph L. , Linhoss John , Zhao Yang
Published: February 2021

Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based computer vision systems have been increasingly applied in animal farming to improve animal management, but current knowledge, practices, limitations, and solutions of the applications remain to be expanded and explored. The objective of this study is to systematically review applications of CNN-based computer vision systems on animal farming in terms of the five deep learning computer vision tasks: image classification, object detection, semantic/instance segmentation, pose estimation, and tracking. Cattle, sheep/goats, pigs, and poultry were the major farm animal species of concern. In this research, preparations for system development, including camera settings, inclusion of variations for data recordings, choices of graphics processing units, image preprocessing, and data labeling were summarized. CNN architectures were reviewed based on the computer vision tasks in animal farming. Strategies of algorithm development included distribution of development data, data augmentation, hyperparameter tuning, and selection of evaluation metrics. Judgment of model performance and performance based on architectures were discussed. Besides practices in optimizing CNN-based computer vision systems, system applications were also organized based on year, country, animal species, and purposes. Finally, recommendations on future research were provided to develop and improve CNN-based computer vision systems for improved welfare, environment, engineering, genetics, and management of farm animals.
Machine Translation Utilizing the Frequent-Item Set Concept
Authors: Mahmoud Hanan A. Hosni , Mengash Hanan Abdullah
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we introduce new concepts in the machine translation paradigm. We treat the corpus as a database of frequent word sets. A translation request triggers association rules joining phrases present in the source language, and phrases present in the target language. It has to be noted that a sequential scan of the corpus for such phrases will increase the response time in an unexpected manner. We introduce the pre-processing of the bilingual corpus through proposing a data structure called Corpus-Trie (CT) that renders a bilingual parallel corpus in a compact data structure representing frequent data items sets. We also present algorithms which utilize the CT to respond to translation requests and explore novel techniques in exhaustive experiments. Experiments were performed on specific language pairs, although the proposed method is not restricted to any specific language. Moreover, the proposed Corpus-Trie can be extended from bilingual corpora to accommodate multi-language corpora. Experiments indicated that the response time of a translation request is logarithmic to the count of unrepeated phrases in the original bilingual corpus (and thus, the Corpus-Trie size). In practical situations, 5–20% of the log of the number of the nodes have to be visited. The experimental results indicate that the BLEU score for the proposed CT system increases with the size of the number of phrases in the CT, for both English-Arabic and English-French translations. The proposed CT system was demonstrated to be better than both Omega-T and Apertium in quality of translation from a corpus size exceeding 1,600,000 phrases for English-Arabic translation, and 300,000 phrases for English-French translation.
Quantitative Evaluation of Burn Injuries Based on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of Blood with a Seven-Parameter Equivalent Circuit
Authors: Bao Huilu , Li Jianping , Wen Jianming , Cheng Li , Hu Yili , Zhang Yu , Wan Nen , Takei Masahiro
Published: February 2021

A quantitative and rapid burn injury detection method has been proposed based on the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of blood with a seven-parameter equivalent circuit. The degree of burn injury is estimated from the electrical impedance characteristics of blood with different volume proportions of red blood cells (RBCs) and heated red blood cells (HRBCs). A quantitative relationship between the volume portion HHCT of HRBCs and the electrical impedance characteristics of blood has been demonstrated. A seven -parameter equivalent circuit is employed to quantify the relationship from the perspective of electricity. Additionally, the traditional Hanai equation has been modified to verify the experimental results. Results show that the imaginary part of impedance ZImt under the characteristic frequency (fc) has a linear relationship with HHCT which could be described by ZImt = −2.56HHCT − 2.01 with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Moreover, the relationship between the plasma resistance Rp and HHCT is obtained as Rp = −7.2HHCT + 3.91 with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 from the seven -parameter equivalent circuit. This study shows the feasibility of EIS in the quantitative detection of burn injury by the quantitative parameters ZImt and Rp, which might be meaningful for the follow-up clinical treatment for burn injury.
Validation of Using Smartphone Built-In Accelerometers to Estimate the Active Energy Expenditures of Full-Time Manual Wheelchair Users with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Marco-Ahulló Adrià , Montesinos-Magraner Lluïsa , Gonzalez Luis-Millán , Llorens Roberto , Segura-Navarro Xurxo , García-Massó Xavier
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to investigate the validity of using built-in smartphone accelerometers to estimate the active energy expenditures of full-time manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty participants with complete SCI completed 10 5-min daily activities that involved the upper limbs, during which their oxygen consumption and upper limb activity were registered using a portable gas analyzer and a smartphone (placed on the non-dominant arm), respectively. Time series of 1-min averaged oxygen consumption and 55 accelerometer variables (13 variables for each of the four axes and three additional variables for the correlations between axes) were used to estimate three multiple linear models, using a 10-fold cross-validation method. The results showed that models that included either all variables and models or that only included the linear variables showed comparable performance, with a correlation of 0.72. Slightly worse general performance was demonstrated by the model that only included non-linear variables, although it proved to be more accurate at estimating the energy expenditures (EE) during specific tasks. These results suggest that smartphones could be a promising low-cost alternative to laboratory-grade accelerometers to estimate the energy expenditure of wheelchair users with spinal cord injury during daily activities.
A Data-Driven Approach to Predict Fatigue in Exercise Based on Motion Data from Wearable Sensors or Force Plate
Authors: Jiang Yanran , Hernandez Vincent , Venture Gentiane , Kulić Dana , K. Chen Bernard
Published: February 2021

Fatigue increases the risk of injury during sports training and rehabilitation. Early detection of fatigue during exercises would help adapt the training in order to prevent over-training and injury. This study lays the foundation for a data-driven model to automatically predict the onset of fatigue and quantify consequent fatigue changes using a force plate (FP) or inertial measurement units (IMUs). The force plate and body-worn IMUs were used to capture movements associated with exercises (squats, high knee jacks, and corkscrew toe-touch) to estimate participant-specific fatigue levels in a continuous fashion using random forest (RF) regression and convolutional neural network (CNN) based regression models. Analysis of unseen data showed high correlation (up to 89%, 93%, and 94% for the squat, jack, and corkscrew exercises, respectively) between the predicted fatigue levels and self-reported fatigue levels. Predictions using force plate data achieved similar performance as those with IMU data; the best results in both cases were achieved with a convolutional neural network. The displacement of the center of pressure (COP) was found to be correlated with fatigue compared to other commonly used features of the force plate. Bland–Altman analysis also confirmed that the predicted fatigue levels were close to the true values. These results contribute to the field of human motion recognition by proposing a deep neural network model that can detect fairly small changes of motion data in a continuous process and quantify the movement. Based on the successful findings with three different exercises, the general nature of the methodology is potentially applicable to a variety of other forms of exercises, thereby contributing to the future adaptation of exercise programs and prevention of over-training and injury as a result of excessive fatigue.
Off-Shell Noether Currents and Potentials for First-Order General Relativity
Authors: Montesinos Merced , Gonzalez Diego , Romero Rodrigo , Celada Mariano
Published: February 2021

We report off-shell Noether currents obtained from off-shell Noether potentials for first-order general relativity described by n-dimensional Palatini and Holst Lagrangians including the cosmological constant. These off-shell currents and potentials are achieved by using the corresponding Lagrangian and the off-shell Noether identities satisfied by diffeomorphisms generated by arbitrary vector fields, local SO(n) or SO(n−1,1) transformations, ‘improved diffeomorphisms’, and the ‘generalization of local translations’ of the orthonormal frame and the connection. A remarkable aspect of our approach is that we do not use Noether’s theorem in its direct form. By construction, the currents are off-shell conserved and lead naturally to the definition of off-shell Noether charges. We also study what we call the ‘half off-shell’ case for both Palatini and Holst Lagrangians. In particular, we find that the resulting diffeomorphism and local SO(3,1) or SO(4) off-shell Noether currents and potentials for the Holst Lagrangian generically depend on the Immirzi parameter, which holds even in the ‘half off-shell’ and on-shell cases. We also study Killing vector fields in the ‘half off-shell’ and on-shell cases. The current theoretical framework is illustrated for the ‘half off-shell’ case in static spherically symmetric and Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker spacetimes in four dimensions.
Avaliação da percepção de recrutas sobre degradação ambiental
Authors: Marques Rejane Correa , Santana Camila Reis de
Published: February 2021

Estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, que avaliou a percepção de recrutas sobre problemas ambientais e a relação deles com o meio ambiente. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um questionário padronizado. Para 99% dos participantes é importante conservar o meio ambiente; 47% considera que a poluição da água é o que mais incomoda; 96% respondeu que o aquecimento global é real e 77% que impacta no nosso modo de vida; 27% creem que os efeitos do aquecimento global afetam ou já afetaram sua vida e 38% que isto não influencia suas decisões diárias. As percepções dos participantes do estudo são importantes para orientar as ações e práticas sustentáveis a serem realizadas no ambiente militar. Sugere-se que escolas de recrutas trabalhem ações ambientais, pois estas podem influenciar de maneira benéfica as suas atitudes ambientais.
Educação Ambiental na Educação Básica: um olhar para as dificuldades enfrentadas por professores de uma escola pública de Urussanga (SC)
Authors: Medeiros Camila Porto de , Assunção Viviane Kraieski de
Published: February 2021

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre as concepções e práticas de Educação Ambiental em uma escola pública em Urussanga (SC). A pesquisa incluiu entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores e a direção escolar, observação participante da rotina da escola e registros em diário de campo. A investigação permitiu conhecer os obstáculos para a efetivação da Educação Ambiental, a partir da perspectiva dos sujeitos da pesquisa. Constatou-se que os professores apresentam dificuldades em relacionar as disciplinas que lecionam com a temática ambiental, e apontam como fragilidades as deficiências na formação acadêmica, falta de formação continuada, más condições de trabalho e infraestrutura escolar.
Educação Ambiental na introdução à química no ensino fundamental
Authors: Lins Natana da Silva , Trindade Júnior Osiel César da , Nascimento Antonia Gomes do
Published: February 2021

A Educação Ambiental com o intuito de harmonizar os atos humanos entre sua própria espécie e com os demais seres vivos do ecossistema, objetiva a sensibilização do homem para que ele se perceba como parte integrante do Meio Ambiente. Sendo assim, objetivou-se analisar a metodologia pedagógica aplicada na abordagem da Educação Ambiental na introdução à Química na série do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental da escola Municipal Ney Braga na cidade de Governador Newton Bello (MA). Adotou-se como base a pesquisa exploratória, dispondo-se a coletar dados quantitativos e qualitativos por meio da aplicação de questionários com questões objetivas e discursivas. O período de observação, aliado à análise de questionários permitiu perceber que a interdisciplinaridade vem sendo trabalhada de forma eficiente na referida turma, durante a disciplina de Ciências, conforme orientada pela Lei nº. 6.938/81 e PCN’s. Onde o docente sempre procura uma maneira de relacionar os conteúdos ministrados com temáticas voltadas ao meio ambiente, assim como associa aos problemas cotidianos dos alunos.
L’autogestion a-t-elle un avenir politique ?
Authors: Chapuis Robert
Published: February 2021

El concepto de autogestion que habia fortuna en el momento de las elecciones de 1978, està en crisis en el piano politico : la crisis económica fortalece la necesidad de asistencia, el discurso liberal giscardiano marca un reforzamiento del poder de Estado, las generaciones politicas se suceden sin que ninguna no reivindique el desempeño de la precedente. Dónde está entonces el porvenir politico de la autogestion ? - en la petición de la autonomia - en otro tipo de poder social donde los conflictos se resolverian a través de nuevas instituciones o un nuevo funcionamiento de instituciones existentes, a través de : la limitación del ejercicio del poder de Estado ; el apojo a la iniciativa social ; la confluencia entre la novedad de los movimientos sociales ligados a la práctica de la autogestion y las tradiciones del movimiento obrero.
Les collectifs autogérés de jeunes chômeurs
Authors: Dietrich Reinhard
Published: February 2021

Analyse der verschiedenen Erwartungen, die das Entstehen selbstverwalteter Kollektive junger Arbeitslosen decken sollen : eine Arbeit verschaffen, das gemeinsame Leben ermoglichen, eine Ausbildung anbieten, die nur sparlich von den offiziellen Stellen erteilt wird, gemeinsam Leben lemen, die Ausgeflippten anders vergesellschaften.
Os numeros mágicos de Ball e a sequência de Fibonacci
Authors: Costa Eudes Antonio
Published: February 2021

Seja $x_n$ um número com $ n $ algarismos. Para $ n \geq 2 $, o número de $ n $ algarismos obtido pela inversão da posição dos algarismos de $ x_n $ é chamado de número reverso de $ x_n $ e é indicado por $ x_n'$. Admita que $ x_n > x_n '$ e escreva o número mágico de Ball $ B = (x_n - x_n') + (x_n - x_n ')' $. Em Webster\cite{webs}, e de forma independente em Costa e Mesquita \cite{costa2}, mostra-se que todo número de Ball $B$ é múltiplo de 99. Para cada $k\geq 0$ inteiro, considere $ x_{2k} $ (ou $ x_ {2k + 1} $) um número qualquer e $ B (k) $ a quantidade de possíveis números mágicos de Ball, ou seja, correspondentes às quantidades de algarismos $ 2, 4, 6, \ldots, 2k, \ldots $ (ou $ 3, 5, 7, \ldots, 2k + 1, \ldots $) temos a associado a sequência $ 1, 4, 12, \ldots, B (k), \ldots $ que representa a quantidade de números da Ball. Webster considera o caso particular em que o primeiro algarismo do número $ x_{n} $ é sempre maior que o último algarismo e obtém que $B(k)$ é um termo da sequência de Fibonacci. Enquanto que em Costa e Mesquita mostra-se que para todo inteiro $k \ge 2$ a quantidade $B(k)$ está entre $B(k-1)$ e $3^{k-1} + B(k-1)$. Aqui vamos melhorar o resultado de Webster e mostrar que a quantidade $ B(k) $ é a soma de dois termos da sequencia de Fibonacci.
Situația creștinismului în Insula Britanică în primele patru secole
Authors: Bulgaru Alexandru
Published: February 2021

The Christianity in Britain has developed in the first centuries, spreading together with the Romanity, Constantine the Great himself being crowned emperor inthis providence. But after the withdrawal of the Roman troops in 410 by Emperor Honorius and after the invasion of the Saxons, Angles and Ithians, Christianity disappeared almost entirely, remaining only among the British natives who run from the Saxon invasion in the Cornwall peninsula, in Wales and on the NW coast of the province. Among the most active missionaries in this province, St. Patrick, who is considered to be the apostle of Ireland, was noted during the same period. Under his influence, the number of monasteries increased and the society that shepherded was profoundly changed. In this universe of faith St. Columba made himself known. Together with his 12 disciples, he headed to the kingdom of Dalriada, a maritime state encompassing the northern Ulster region of Ireland and the south-west coast of Scotland. Here, Saint Columba converted the entire monarchy, obtaining from the king an island to establish a monastery. He was granted the island of Iona on the west coast of Scotland, where he founded a monastery that will become a true focal point of culture and Christianity in the area. From Iona, Celtic Christianity spread throughout Scotland, converting the picts, then passing Hadrian’s Wave to Britain, where the Holy Bishop Aidan founded a monastery on the island of Lindisfarne. Later, St. Augustine of Canterbury, brought the Christianity back into the British Island, being sent there by Pope Gregory the Great.
Cartografias urbanas, estádios e gestão de conflitos entre torcidas rivais
Authors: Garcez Francisco Thiago Cavalcante , Freitas Geovani Jacó de , Martins Laura Hêmilly Campos
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar comparativamente os usos da Arena Itaipava Pernambuco, em Recife/PE, e do Estádio Governador Plácido Castelo, em Fortaleza/CE, visando a compreender as conexões entre as ações de gestão de conflitos entre torcidas rivais e a cartografia dessas cidades. A pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa, na qual optamos por abordagem comparativa, tendo como campos de observação as cidades de Fortaleza/CE e Recife/PE. As técnicas utilizadas para coleta de dados foram pesquisa documental, observação direta, diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Constatou-se que a cartografia urbana possui um potencial a ser explorado a partir de ações de gestão de conflitos no futebol. Entretanto, alguns fatores, como modais de transportes insuficientes e histórico de violência no futebol entre coletivos de torcedores podem mitigar as ações de gestão de conflitos, tanto do Poder Público quanto dos clubes e associações de torcidas organizadas.
composição dos dias de jogos da Arena do Grêmio na vida de moradores e não moradores das imediações do estádio
Authors: Martins Daiane Grillo , Knuth Alan Goularte
Published: February 2021

Nos dias de jogos de futebol, a apropriação dos territórios por torcedores podem se estender para além do interior dos estádios, ocupando suas imediações. Realizamos uma pesquisa etnográfica com o objetivo de compreender a apropriação das imediações da Arena do Grêmio, nos períodos que antecedem os jogos, bem como a descrição de aspectos da vida de moradores e não moradores das imediações do estádio. Consideramos que o território dos dias de jogos na Arena compõe as vidas de moradores das imediações do estádio, de outros bairros de Porto Alegre/RS, cidades e estados. São gremistas, torcedores aliados, guardadores, catadores, comerciantes e demais sujeitos que se relacionam entre si. O território é constituído pelas nuances de suas ambiguidades, pela multiplicidade das inter-relações de sociabilidade e pelas relações comerciais, significados e pertencimentos inerentes à apropriação e dominação do espaço, tramadas nas redes da multiterritorialidade.
Futebol e cidade
Authors: Giglio Sérgio Settani , Spaggiari Enrico
Published: February 2021

Entrevista realizada com o professor Gilmar Mascarenhas durante o I Simpósio Internacional: Futebol, Linguagem, Artes, Cultura e Lazer, realizado em setembro de 2013, na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Na entrevista, Gilmar Mascarenhas abordou temas da política urbana, territorialidades, estádios de futebol, legados e impactos na cidade a partir de estudos sobre os megaeventos esportivos no Rio de Janeiro.
Experiências Futebolísticas
Authors: Figols Victor de Leonardo
Published: February 2021

O “Experiências Futebolísticas” surgiu em dezembro de 2015, primeiramente por meio de publicações no Blog e, depois, em fevereiro de 2016, no Instagram. Segundo Victor Figols, a ideia veio quando ele reparou a grande quantidade de fotos de jogos em diferentes estádios em seu arquivo.
No Instagram, descobriu diversas páginas dedicadas ao hobby groundhopping (ground: campo e hopper: saltador), aquele que procura assistir ao maior número de jogos em um maior número de estádios diferentes.
TRIBALISM IN THE RUSSIA'S FAR EAST: RESIDUAL MANIFESTATIONS OR NEW FORMS OF REGIONAL IDENTITY
Authors: БУЛАХ Е.В. , КНЯЗЕВА А.Р. , ЦОЙ В.Г.
Published: February 2021

В представленной статье затронуты явления, содержание которых или качество участников, позволяет классифицировать их как трайбализм. Основываясь на реакции региональных и федеральных СМИ, авторами предпринята попытка констатировать наличие процесса образования в регионе локальных замкнутых групп, влияющих на государственную политику в целом и на политику в субъектах РФ: бизнес-кланы, этнические группы трудовых мигрантов, переселенцы. В работе проведен анализ самых активных региональных СМИ, которые последние пять лет реагировали на информационные поводы по данной тематике. Опираясь на полученные данные, авторами были построены диаграммы, дающие обоснование актуальности данного явления на Дальнем Востоке на сегодняшний день.
THE WEST IS AGAINST ZEROING OUT PRESIDENTIAL TERMS IN RUSSIA
Authors: МУРАВЫХ А.И. , НИКИТЕНКО Е.Г.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассмотрены различные аспекты политики сдерживания России, проводимые коллективным Западом во главе с США. Анализируется применение «информационного коронавируса» и «нефтяного оружия» в целях ослабления президентской вертикали власти в России. Акцентируется внимание на особой значимости проведения общенародного голосования по конституционным поправкам 22.04.2020 года в условиях мощного противодействия со стороны внешних и внутренних оппонентов.
ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL DISTRITUION IN THE PARLIAMENT OF FINLAND IN THE FOUR ELECTORAL CYCLES
Authors: ТЕТЕРЮК А.С.
Published: February 2021

Сегодня все большую популярность набирают исследования, анализирующие выборы в различных государствах и результаты их пространственного распределения, которые способны отразить социально-политические процессы с учетом территориального фактора. Это позволяет строить определенные прогнозы касательно политического курса страны в отношении других государств, например, соседей по границе, что является особенно актуальным для Российской Федерации. В статье проводится обзор системы выборов в парламент Финляндии и анализируются результаты последних четырех электоральных цикла с целью выявления результатов распределения голосов избирателя в зависимости от избирательного округа. Рассматриваются основные партии, участвующие в выборах за последние 4 года. В конце статьи приводятся итоги пространственного распределения результатов выборов в парламент по итогам выборов в 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019 гг. Можно сделать вывод о том, что для Финляндии свойственна средняя регионализация партийной системы с небольшими отклонениями, что позволяет достаточно четко прослеживать предпочтения избирателей, учитывая территориальный фактор.
SECURITY ENSURING SECURITY IN THE DIFFERENT GEOPOLITICAL LEVELS
Authors: ШОЛКОВА М.А.
Published: February 2021

Целью настоящей статьи является изучение концепта «безопасность» в его различном «преломлении» на геополитической арене. Используя исторический подход, автор анализирует, как изменилось с течением времени само понятие «безопасность», и дает наиболее полное определение этого слова. В статье описываются 4 различных уровня безопасности, они сравниваются друг с другом на основе различий в ключевых характеристиках и инструментах, используемых для обеспечения безопасности на каждом из них.
THE PLAGUES OF AFRICA
Authors: ОЛУВАКАЙОДЕ О.Э. , МУГАБИ Б. , ДЖУ О.
Published: February 2021

Мировых производители не останавливают этические соображения в связи с поставками оружия в охваченный конфликтом или гуманитарным кризисом регион. Африка стала предметом ожесточенной конкуренции мировых оружейно-оборонных промышленных компаний. Опираясь на теоретические основы структурной дифференциации государств и международной системы, в данной статье анализируются стратегические планы Африканского союза по построению мирной и процветающей Африки с инклюзивным обществом, направленным на разоружение и контроль над вооружениями в интересах развития. Однако незаконный поток оружия подпитывает конфликты. В статье изучаются вопросы развития и роли международных организаций в вопросах стратегического планирования и коммуникаций в целях развития. В заключении статьи подчеркиваются постоянные усилия по обеспечению эффективного и транспарентного осуществления Международного договора о торговле оружием в отношении Африки.
China’s Environmental Protection in the New Era from the Perspective of Eco-civilization Construction
Authors: Huan Qingzhi
Published: February 2021

Under a particular context of China’ eco-civilization construction in the New Era after the 18th national congress of CPC, an interesting question is that the discourse of socialist eco-civilization and its practice can to what an extent reshape or change the relationship among eco-capital, green technology and public participation in achieving a better environmental governance. A field-study in Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, shows clearly that there are both great hope for a radical reconstruction and multitudinous difficulties and challenges in front of the pioneering Green enterprises and the pilot areas of eco-civilization construction.
The Possibility of Using Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L. var. Napus) for Energy Purposes
Authors: Siemek Jakub , Macuda Jan , Łukańko Łukasz , Nowak Jakub , Zając Tadeusz
Published: February 2021

Biomass is an important element in the energy balance in the world and plays a large role in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and by this is a sustainable source of energy. One method of using biomass is through co-firing with hard coal and lignite in order to generate electricity. An important factor promoting the use of biomass in European Union countries is the fact that CO2 emissions from combustion are not included in the sum of emissions from fuel combustion, in accordance with the principles established in the emission trading system EU ETS.
The aim of our research was to examine the possibility of using winter oilseed rape for energy purposes, grown in three research centres located in southern Poland. Two varieties of winter oilseed rape, Adam and Poznaniak, were used during laboratory tests. Analyses were carried out for siliques, seeds, and the main and lateral stem. As part of the study, the calorific value and heat of combustion were determined for 20 samples of winter oilseed rape. The highest values were obtained for seeds, while the lowest were obtained for stems. The calculated values of carbon dioxide emissions factor for the analysed samples were in most cases above 100 kg/GJ and were much higher than the emission during hard coal combustion.
In addition, as part of the study, the biomass moisture, amount of ash generated in the combustion process, and the content of volatile compounds as well as carbon and sulphur were determined.
The Identification of the Luhansk Region and the Region Act’s According to the Qualification of Their Sustainable Development in the Conditions of the Joint Forces Operation
Authors: Zablodska Inna , Hrechana Svitlana , Zablodska Daria
Published: February 2021

Each region has its own set of unique characteristics, which should create the basis for their growth and give residents a sense of home and safety. This article develops an approach to identifying a region and its amalgamated territorial communities in order to identify their strengths and values, based on the example of Luhansk region, which, due to ongoing military aggression, has significant development problems. It is proposed to quantify the results of complementary analysis of sustainable development indicators by quantitatively qualitative transformation of such indicators and rating points into a gradient of territorial features, which is visualized using the quantification axis to determine the unique characteristics of region. The application of such methodology for identifying a region greatly simplifies the process of identifying the benefits and values of a region in order to properly position and build an effective socio-economic development strategy.
Supersmukłe wieżowce na przykładzie realizacji z Nowego Jorku
Authors: Dmitruk Michał
Published: February 2021

Obserwując zmieniające się tendencje architektoniczne wysoko rozwiniętych miast, takich jak Nowy Jork, dostrzec można pojawiający się nowy trend w projektowaniu niezwykle smukłych, zaawansowanych technologicznie drapaczy chmur. Rewolucja architektoniczna rozpoczęta m.in. w Nowym Jorku na początku XX wieku, której efektem było pojawienie się pierwszych wysokościowych budynków, w latach obecnych pokazuje kolejną odsłonę. Nowopowstające budynki wysokościowe o proporcjach ołówka, trwale zmieniają sylwetę miasta. Realizacja tego typu obiektów jest wynikiem ograniczonej dostępności powierzchni budowlanej w intensywnie zurbanizowanej metropolii oraz stale rosnącego zapotrzebowania na luksusowe powierzchnie mieszkalne.  Zastosowanie nowoczesnych technologii budowlanych otwiera zupełnie nowe możliwości w kreowaniu przestrzeni miejskiej.
IMPLEMENTASI RETRIBUSI DAERAH PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI UPTD KESEHATAN PUSKESMAS PUSPO
Authors: Aminullah Aminullah , Setyasih Dwi Mita
Published: February 2021

This study discusses the implementation of the Retribution areas of health service in the UPTD Health Center Puspo. The objectives of this study are: 1). To find out the implementation process of Retribution Area of health service in UPTD Health Puspo. 2). To know the factors that influence in its implementation. The method used in this research is qualitative method. With qualitative methods we can describe the regional levy for health services and the factors that influence the implementation of the levy. The results of the study showed that the implementation of regional levy has not been effective. Efforts that need to be made by local governments in order to effectively implement. The effectiveness of service levy in Puskesmas Puspo must be done according to the applicable rules.
An ultra-sensitive medical sensor for low refractive index analytes
Authors: Chen Junpeng , Hou Shanglin , Lei Jingli
Published: February 2021

Detecting analytes whose refractive index (RI) below 1.3 has crucial medical applications. A D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR), is proposed and simulated by the finite element method, and its sensitivity is optimized through tailoring distinct structure parameters. The simulation results indicate that in the broad RI range from 1.21 to 1.31, the wavelength sensitivity can reach up to 33 300 nm/RIU that greatly exceeds the existing PCF-SPR sensors for low RI detection, and the maximum figure of merit of 81 RIU−1 can be obtained.
Low-voltage carbon nanotube complementary electronics using chemical doping to tune the threshold voltage
Authors: Tan Fu Wen , Hirotani Jun , Nonoguchi Yoshiyuki , Kishimoto Shigeru , Kataura Hiromichi , Ohno Yutaka
Published: February 2021

Simultaneous controlling of the threshold voltage of both p- and n-type transistors, comprising complementary integrated circuits, is required to develop low-voltage and low-power flexible electronics. In this study, we report tuning the threshold voltage of carbon nanotube thin-film transistors with organic and metal-ion complex salts as dopants, and using device passivation to secure air-stability. Chemical doping affords simple yet precise control of the dopant level and enables the threshold voltages to be finely tuned. Complementary inverters were fabricated on a plastic substrate. Operation at a low supply voltage of 0.5 V was achieved with fairly high gain and noise margins.
Kebijakan Hukum Lingkungan Terhadap Penanggulangan Krisis Iklim Di Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudin Wahyudin , Sampara Said , Baharuddin Hamza
Published: February 2021

Kebijakan Hukum Lingkungan Terhadap Penanggulangan Krisis Iklim di Indonesia sampai saat ini telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia secara bertahap. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan keikutsertaan Pemerintah didalam Konvensi Perubahan Iklim, protocol Kyoto , Paris Agremeent , dan Bali Roadmap. berkomitmen bersama Negara-negara anggota PBB menandatangani Komitmen didalam forum Internasional untuk ikut menanggulangi pemanasan global. Komitmen tersebut dituangkan dalam Undang-Undang, Peraturan Pemerintah dan pengejawantahan komitmen tersebut di tuangkan dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 61 Tahun 2011 tentang Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca. 2) Upaya Pengendalian Krisis Iklim di Indonesia dilakukan melalui adaptasi dan mitigasi, Upaya adaptasi, difokuskan pada area yang rentan terhadap perubahan iklim, yakni: sumber daya air, pertanian, perikanan, pesisir dan laut, infrastruktur dan pemukiman, kesehatan, dan kehutanan. Upaya mitigasi dengan cara menghemat penggunaan listrik dan air, Melakukan 5R (Rethink, Reduce, Reuce, Recycle, Replace), Memanfaatkan energi alam semaksimal mungkin, Menggunakan peralatan ramah lingkungan, Melakukan kegiatan penghijauan, Efektivitas penggunaan kendaraan, Mengajak orang-orang sekitar Anda untuk melakukan hal yang sama.

The Environmental Law Policy on Overcoming the Climate Crisis in Indonesia to date has been carried out by the Government of Indonesia in stages. This is evidenced by the Government's participation in the Climate Change Convention, the Kyoto protocol, the Paris Agremeent, and the Bali Roadmap. commit with the United Nations member states to sign a commitment in an international forum to help combat global warming. The commitment is outlined in the Law, Government Regulation and the manifestation of that commitment is contained in Presidential Regulation No. 61 of 2011 concerning the National Action Plan for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 2) Efforts to Control the Climate Crisis in Indonesia are carried out through adaptation and mitigation. Adaptation efforts are focused on areas that are vulnerable to climate change, namely: water resources, agriculture, fisheries, coastal and marine, infrastructure and settlement, health and forestry. Mitigation efforts by saving electricity and water use, Performing 5R (Rethink, Reduce, Reuce, Recycle, Replace), Utilizing natural energy as much as possible, Using environmentally friendly equipment, Conducting greening activities, Effectiveness of vehicle use, Inviting people around you to do the same thing.
Kewenangan Jaksa Agung Dalam Mengesampingkan Perkara Demi Kepentingan Umum
Authors: Sutin Kiki Astuti Wulandary
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan; Pertama mengetahui penerapan pengesampingan perkara dalam memenuhi adanya kepentingan umum, dan Kedua mengkaji dampak yang ditimbulkan dengan tidak adanya instrumen hukum untuk melakukan perlawanan terhadap keputusan pengesampingkan perkara demi kepentingan umum. Penelitian ini merupakan tipe penelitian normative dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan kasus, pendekatan perbandingan, dan pendekatan konseptual.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: Pertama Pengesampingan perkara terhadap perkara Abraham Samad dan Bambang Widjojanto dengan pertimbangan Jaksa Agung belum menunjukkan terganggunya kepentingan umum secara nyata; Kedua Tidak ditemukan adanya mekanisme untuk melakukan perlawanan atau upaya hukum terhadap keputusan pengesampingan perkara oleh Jaksa Agung sebagai bentuk kebebasan kebijaksanaan (beleidvrijheid) menimbulkan dampak yakni, keputusan pengesampingan perkara oleh Jaksa Agung bersifat final dan mengikat (final and binding),tidak mengakomodir hak-hak korban kejahatan sesuai prinsip perlakuan yang sama di hadapan hukum, dan kewenangan tersebut rawan terhadap penyalahgunaan kekuasaan.

The study aims to : (1) describe the public interest that becomes the basis of a general attorney in dismissing a case; (2) explain the implementation of dismissing a case to fulfill the public interest reason; and (3) analyze the impact caused by the absence of law instrumen againts the decision of dismissing a case for public interest. This research was a normative study usinglegal approach, case approach, comparative approach, and conceptual approach. It was conducted atthe Provincial Attorney General’s Office of South Sulawesi. The results show that:(1) In the dismissing of a case, public interest indicates the existence of state’s interest and community interest. This is in line with the explanation of article 35 letter c of the Act Number16 of 2004 that have to. The scope is broadand there is no standard in defining the public interest. Therefore, it needs to be considered within the context of state’s constitutional principleaccording to the Preamble of 1945 Constitution. (2) The dismissing of the case of Abraham Samad and Bambang Widjojanto with the consideration of Attorney General have not indicatedthe disturbance of public interest. (3) There is no anymechanism to appealagaints the general attorney’s decision to dismiss a case as a form of wisdom (beleidvrijheid), which caused some impacts namely the decision of general attorney to dismiss a case is final and binding, does not accommodate the rights of victims according to the principle of equality before the law, and vulnerable to abuse of power.
Eksistensi Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesia dalam Menciptakan Hakim Agung Yang Berkualitas dan Berintegritas
Authors: Mamulai Muslim
Published: February 2021

Kajian ini untuk mengkaji eksistensi Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesa dalam menciptakan hakim agung yang berkualitas dan berintegritas. Metode peneltia yang digunaka menggunakan metode peneltian hukum normatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Kewenangan Komisi Yudisial sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 24B ayat (1) UUD 1945 mengalami dinamika dan perubahan dalam penafsiran baik pada tingkat legislasi di DPR, ajudikasi di Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Mahkamah Agung, maupun pada tingkat regulasi di Mahkamah Agung dan Komisi Yudisial.Eksistensi Komisi Yudisial mengusulkan pengangkatan hakim agung telah mengalami perluasan makna mencakup hakim ad hoc di Mahkamah Agung serta penguatan dengan dihapuskan kewenangan DPR untuk memilih calon hakim agung dan hanya menyetujui atau tidak menyetujui calon hakim agung usulan Komisi Yudisial.

This study is to study the existence of the Judicial Commission of the Republic of Indonesia in creating high-quality judges with integrity. The research method used uses normative legal research methods. The results showed that the authority of the Judicial Commission as referred to in Article 24B paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution experienced dynamics and changes in interpretation both at the legislative level in the DPR, adjudication in the Constitutional Court and Supreme Court, as well as in the Supreme Court and Judicial Commission. The existence of the Judicial Commission proposing the appointment of a Supreme Court judge has broadened the meaning including ad hoc judges in the Supreme Court and strengthened by abolishing the authority of the DPR to elect candidate judges and only approving or not approving candidates for the proposed Judicial Commission.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja: Perspektif Tanggung Jawab Konstitusional Negara
Authors: Alam Syamsul , Arif Mohammad
Published: February 2021

Kedudukan Hukum Pekerja dan Pengusaha adalah setara. Namun pada penerapannya cenderung menempatkan pengusaha pada posisi yang lebih diuntungkan Mendasari hal tersebut, paper ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja dari aspek tanggungjawab konstitusional negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian dengan Analisis Isi (Content Analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja dimaksudkan untuk menjamin hak-hak dasar dan menjamin kesamaan kesempatan serta perlakuan tanpa diskriminasi atas dasar apapun untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan pekerja/buruh beserta keluarganya.

The legal position of workers and entrepreneurs is equal. However, in practice, it tends to put employers in a more advantageous position. Based on this, this paper aims to analyze legal protection for workers from the aspect of state constitutional responsibility. The research method used is a type of research with Content Analysis. The results of the study show that legal protection for workers is intended to guarantee basic rights and guarantee equal opportunity and treatment without discrimination on any basis to realize the welfare of workers / laborers and their families.
Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Peradilan Pidana Anak di Pengadilan Negeri Watansoppeng
Authors: Kantao A. Sudarman , Hambali Azwad Rachmat , Bima Muh. Rinaldy
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan memperoleh pemahaman terhadap penerapan nilai serta hambatan dalam penerapan keadilan restoratif pada perkara peradilan pidana anak sesuai dengan Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak dalam rangka memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi Anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dan kendala yang dihadapi majelis hakim pengadilan Negeri watansoppeng dalam menerapkan keadilan restoratif untuk mengadili tindak pidana yang dilakukan oleh anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terkait proses persidangan terhadap kasus anak, hakim Pengadilan Negeri Watansoppeng senantiasa mengupayakan penerapan restoratif justice dengan memberi saran kepada korban, terdakwa dan pihak keluarga untuk mengusahakan perdamaian sebagai upaya penyelesaian kasus di luar jalur persidangan, namun upaya tersebut seringkali ditolak oleh korban dan keluarganya dan menginginkan agar pelaku dihukum seberat-beratnya. Faktor Kebudayaan dari keluarga korban inilah yang tidak mendukung penyelesaian perkara di luar peradilan atau perdamaian.

This study aims to analyze and gain an understanding of the application of values ​​and obstacles in the application of restorative justice in juvenile criminal justice cases in accordance with Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Criminal Justice System for Children in order to provide legal protection for children who are in conflict with the law and the obstacles they face. watansoppeng District Court panel of judges in implementing restorative justice to adjudicate crimes committed by children. The results showed that in relation to the trial process for juvenile cases, the judges at the Watansoppeng District Court always tried to apply restorative justice by advising victims, defendants and their families to seek peace as an effort to resolve cases outside the court, but these efforts were often rejected by the victim and his family and wants the perpetrator to be punished as severely as possible. The cultural factor of the victim's family does not support the settlement of cases outside the court or peace.
Pelaksanaan Pembinaan Narapidana Anak Pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Arifai Arifai
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian menganalisis pelaksanaan pembinaan narapidana anak pada lembaga pemasyarakatan di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian yang akan dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan tipe penggabungan antara penelitian hukum normatif dengan penelitian hukum sosiologis yang terkait pelaksanaan pembinaan anak narapidana di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pelaksanaan pembinaan narapidana anak pada lembaga pemasyarakatan di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara yang meliputi pembinaan kepribadian dan kemandirian, hal itu akan memberikan dampak yang kurang baik kepada anak narapidana ketika melakukan reintegrasi dengan masyarakat yang diberi stigma negatif oleh masyarakat. Rekomendasi penelitian hendaknya para Pimpinan di instansi LPKA, Lapas dan Rutan untuk memaksimalkan Kerjasama dengan intansi terkait dalam rangka pembinaan narapidana anak dalam menjalani hukuman pada lembaga pemasyarakatan di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.

The research objective was to analyze the implementation of the development of child prisoners in prisons in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The type of research to be carried out is descriptive research with the type of combining normative legal research with sociological legal research related to the implementation of child prisoners in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results showed that the implementation of coaching child prisoners in prisons in Southeast Sulawesi Province which includes personality and independence development, will have an adverse impact on child prisoners when reintegrating with a community that is given a negative stigma by society. Research recommendations should be made by leaders in LPKA, prisons and detention centers to maximize collaboration with related institutions in the framework of fostering child prisoners in serving sentences in prisons in Southeast Sulawesi Province.
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Tanggung Jawab Notaris
Authors: Mutmainnah Andi , Hafidz Ma'ruf , Bima Mu. Rinaldy
Published: February 2021

Notaris merupakan jabatan tertentu yang menjalankan profesi dalam pelayanan hukum kepada masyarakat, perlu mendapatkan perlindungan dan jaminan demi tercapainya kepastian hukum. Pada penlitian fokus studi pada Efektivitas pelaksanan tanggung jawab notaris. Metode penelitian menggunakan yuridis empiris. Hasil Penelitian bahwa Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Tanggung Jawab notaris di Kota Makassar belum berjalan efektiv karena masih banyaknya pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang dilakukan. bentukbentuk pelanggaran hukum yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaan jabatan Notaris dan Profesi Notaris di Kota Makassar antara lain: (1) tidak membacakan akta, (2) tidak tanda tangan di hadapan Notaris, (3) berada di wilayah kerja yang telah ditentukan, (4) plang nama Notaris terpampang akan tetapi kosong, (6) pindah alamat kantor akan tetapi tidak melapor, dan (7) membuat salinan akta tidak sesuai dengan minuta.

Notary Public is a certain position that contains the profession in the field of law to the public, needs to get permission and guarantee for the achievement of legal certainty. In the study, the focus of the study was on the effectiveness of carrying out notary responsibilities. The research method uses empirical juridical. The result of the research was the effectiveness of the implementation of the responsibilities of the notary in Makassar had not been effective because there were still many things that had been successfully done. forms of legal transfer that occur in the implementation of the position of Notary and Notary Profession in Makassar, including: (1) not reading the deed, (2) not signing before the Notary, (3) moving in the approved work area, (4) name The notary is displayed but is empty, (6) the office address changes but does not report, and (7) the deed is not in accordance with the minutes