bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early cannulation grafts for haemodialysis: An updated systematic review
Authors: Shakarchi Julien Al , Inston Nicholas
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

Early cannulation grafts are specifically designed for dialysis, whereas standard expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts were not. There is developing collective experience and literature available to allow the assessment of outcomes of these early cannulation grafts. The aim of this review was to review the evidence for both short- and long-term outcomes of early cannulation grafts.

Methods:

Using standardized searches of electronic databases in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, the primary outcomes for this study were primary and secondary patency rates for early cannulation grafts for dialysis at 12 months and beyond. Secondary outcomes were timing of first cannulation, rates of access thrombosis, steal syndrome, pseudo-aneurysm and infection.

Results:

A total of 19 studies were identified and included. These were divided into different graft types. Flixene™, Avflo™, Acuseal™ and Vectra™ grafts all showed that early cannulation within 72 h is possible. Twelve-month pooled primary and secondary patency rates were 43.3% (95% confidence interval: 31.6–55.4) and 73.4% (95% confidence interval: 63–82.7) for the Flixene graft, 58.2% (95% confidence interval: 48–68.1) and 79.2% (95% confidence interval: 68–88.7) for the Avflo graft, 43.6% (95% confidence interval: 30.7–56.9) and 70.5% (95% confidence interval: 49.7–87.8) for the Acuseal graft and 63.7% (95% confidence interval: 53.4–73.4) and 85.8% (95% confidence interval: 82.9–88.4) for the Vectra graft. Data for outcome beyond 12 months were limited to the more recent studies.

Conclusion:

This review confirms that early cannulation is not detrimental on the early outcome of early cannulation graft patencies. It has also shown that both Vectra and Avflo grafts have adequate long-term patencies. The data do not allow specific graft recommendations, as comparative trials would be required.
Children’s cognitive responses to constructive television news
Authors: Kleemans Mariska , Dohmen Roos , Schlindwein Luise F , Tamboer Sanne L , de Leeuw Rebecca NH , Buijzen Moniek
Published: May 2018

Given the importance of news in preparing children for their role as active citizens in society, insight into how negative news can be delivered to children most optimally is warranted. In this regard, this study examined the usefulness of constructive news reporting (i.e. solution-based news stories including positive emotions). An experiment ( N = 281 children, 9–13 years old) was conducted to investigate how constructive, compared to nonconstructive, news reporting affected recall of television news, and whether negative emotions elicited by this news mediated this relation. Analyses of covariance revealed that children in the constructive condition displayed a lower recall of the general information about the event. In contrast, their recall of constructive stories was better compared to the recall of comparable, but nonconstructive, stories by children in the nonconstructive condition. Fear and sadness elicited by the news did not mediate the relation between news reporting style and recall. Instead, constructive reporting directly induced smaller increases in fear and sadness than nonconstructive reporting. To conclude, the negative aspects of the news event were less prominently available in memory of children exposed to constructive news.
‘We’re more ethical than they are’: Third-person and first-person perceptions of the ethical climate of American journalists
Authors: Lee Angela M , Coleman Renita
Published: May 2018

This study advances our understanding of mainstream US journalists’ perceptions of their industry’s ethical climate by extending first- and third-person perception to this domain. These journalists believe that colleagues in their same organization act unethically significantly less often and act ethically significantly more often than those at other organizations and in related industries. The first- and third-person perceptions are a linear function of social distance but are not the mirror image of each other in this domain. In addition to theoretical contributions, suggestions for ways these perceptions can be used to improve journalists’ moral judgment are offered.
Making sense of the square: Facing the touristification of public space through playful protest in Barcelona
Authors: Bruttomesso Elisa
Published: May 2018

Drawing from assemblage thinking, this article explores the complexity of urban tourism conflicts. The case study of a playful urban intervention in Barcelona exhibits the connections that link place-based activism, local identity construction and sense of place in relation to the tourism development. The productive case study, called Fem Plaça (Let’s make the square), highlights the more proactive rather than merely reactive role of inhabitants. Moreover, it allows for a better understanding of protest as a series of relational, processual practices of empowerment, overcoming the efficiency rhetoric that values a process only for its final success. Finally, this study strives to expand the tourist analysis to the performance and performativity of the local people’s disaffection in urban contexts to ensure a broader comprehensiveness in the tourist academic field.
Self-reported Improvement in Side Effects and Quality of Life With Integrative Medicine in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Hack Carolin C. , Hackl Janina , Hüttner Nina B. M. , Langemann Hanna , Schwitulla Judith , Dietzel-Drentwett Svenja , Fasching Peter A. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Theuser Anna-Katharin
Published: May 2018

Purpose. Although the demand from patients for integrative medicine is increasing, complementary medicine services are still quite heterogeneous and have not been incorporated into clinical routine. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate improvements in side effects and quality of life associated with a hospital-based integrative medicine program in the modern breast cancer patient care setting. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, integrative health counseling and treatment were evaluated in women with breast cancer. Over a 15-month period, data for 75 patients from an integrative medicine consultancy service with standardized operating procedures were collected at the University Breast Center for Franconia. At baseline, the patients answered a questionnaire on their medical history, symptoms, and the treatment goals they were hoping to achieve with integrative medicine. In the follow-up, patient-reported outcomes related to side effects of conventional cancer treatment and patients’ quality of life were analyzed. Results. Among 60 patients with the therapy goal of reducing the side effects of conventional treatment, 46 (76.7%) were successful. Among 57 patients hoping to improve disease-related quality of life, 46 (82%) reported success. Whereas patients with metastatic disease achieved a reduction in the side effects of conventional therapy, quality-of-life improvements were predominantly achieved by patients with a good treatment prognosis. Conclusions. Breast cancer patients benefit from the counseling and treatment provided with integrative medicine in all phases of tumor disease. Integrative treatment services should be included as part of patient care in clinical routine work to offer patients the maximum quality of care and safety with complementary therapies.
Quantum solution for secure information transmission of wearable devices
Authors: Wen Xiaojun , Wang Genping , Chen Yongzhi , Yi Zhengzhong , Jiang Zoe L , Fang Junbin
Published: May 2018

Currently, wearable devices are developing prosperously in the fields of global communication electronic products and personal intelligent terminals, but their information security problem cannot be ignored. Based on quantum security communication principle and combined with the special requirements of wearable devices for information security technology, this article gives a safe transmission scheme used for protecting the sensitive information of wearable devices. This scheme is to realize the safe transmission of sensitive information about wearable devices through quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation, and other quantum information security technologies and this scheme has an unconditional security than the traditional encryption methods based on algorithmic complexity.
EU protection of the substantive criminal law principles of guilt and ne bis in idem under the Charter of Fundamental Rights
Authors: van Kempen Piet Hein , Bemelmans Joeri
Published: May 2018

European Union (EU) law is increasingly influencing the substantive criminal law of the member states. In this area of law – in which criminal liability and subsequent punishment are at stake – protection of fundamental rights is indispensable, as a result of which means the Charter has great potential relevance. This article examines the protection of fundamental rights by Union law in the field of substantive criminal law since the Charter has become binding and compares it to the protection offered by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The article focuses on two fundamental rights that rule substantive criminal law: the principle of guilt and the ne bis in idem principle. It holds that EU law still does not provide a full foundation to both principles of criminal substantive law. Given the particular nature of EU law, the practice of the institutions in substantive criminal law, and the current case law of the European Court of Justice and the ECtHR, we argue that the current level of protection in these parts of the criminal law is insufficiently convincing. Progress needs to be made in the recognition and appreciation of the principle of guilt, while the ne bis in idem principle might be overextended.
Impact of sirolimus treatment for refractory kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with exacerbation of the disease 10 years after initial diagnosis
Authors: Sakata Naoki , Suenobu So-ichi , Okano Munehiro , Ueda Satoshi , Kimura Masatomo , Takemura Tsukasa
Published: May 2018

We describe our experience with a 12 year-old girl with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma accompanied by Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon with exacerbation of the disease 10 years after the initial diagnosis. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma infiltrated into the subcutaneous tissue of the facial skin with deterioration of coagulopathy despite conventional therapies including corticosteroid, vincristine, and propranolol. Sirolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, produced rapid and dramatic improvement of the Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon and kaposiform hemangioendothelioma shrinkage. Eventually, multifocal lesions of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma disappeared on the images of magnetic resonance imaging and have remained in remission for 27 months after sirolimus cessation. We demonstrated that the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway played a pivotal role in the kaposiform hemangioendothelioma growth. Sirolimus must be a strong candidate for molecular therapy targeting kaposiform hemangioendothelioma.
Experience of developing a cataract care pathway
Authors: Kadyan Anju , Green Jennie , Sandramouli Soupramanien
Published: May 2018

Background

An integrated care pathway (ICP) was developed and piloted for cataract surgery in the ophthalmic department of a district general hospital in the UK.

Objectives

To evaluate the pilot care pathway for feasibility and acceptability.

Methods

Compliance with documentation, variance analysis and staff experience with the ICP were analysed for the pilot.

Results

Good compliance and variance assessment with the pilot document was noted. User involvement was deficient in certain user groups, like doctors and patients. Evaluation of the pilot project also identified certain shortcomings in the system development method.

Conclusions

Implementation of the audit recommendations has simplified the patient journey. Working group consultation including all user groups aims to increase ownership and modify the care pathway document to a universally acceptable format. Incorporation of audit and electronic care pathways are recommended to improve resource management and provide early benefits for users.
Seeking connectivity to everyday health and wellness experiences: Specificities and consequences of connective gaps in self-tracking data
Authors: Yli-Kauhaluoma Sari , Pantzar Mika
Published: May 2018

Objective

Self-tracking technologies have created high hopes, even hype, for aiding people to govern their own health risks and promote optimal wellness. High expectations do not, however, necessarily materialize due to connective gaps between personal experiences and self-tracking data. This study examines situations when self-trackers face difficulties in engaging with, and reflecting on, their data with the aim of identifying the specificities and consequences of such connective gaps in self-tracking contexts.

Methods

The study is based on empirical analyses of interviews of inexperienced, experienced and extreme self-trackers (in total 27), who participated in a pilot study aiming at promoting health and wellness.

Results

The study shows that people using self-tracking devices actively search for constant connectivity to their everyday experiences and particularly health and wellness through personal data but often become disappointed. The results suggest that in connective gaps the personal data remains invisible or inaccurate, generating feelings of confusion and doubt in the users of the self-tracking devices. These are alarming symptoms that may lead to indifference when disconnectivity becomes solidified and data ends up becoming dead, providing nothing useful for the users of self-tracking technologies.

Conclusions

High expectations which are put on wearables to advance health and wellness may remain unmaterialised due to connective gaps. This is problematic if individuals are increasingly expected to be active in personal data collection and interpretation regarding their own health and wellness.
Anatomical head model to measure impact force transfer through the head layers and their displacement
Authors: Falland-Cheung Lisa , Neil Waddell J , Li Kai C , Tong Darryl C , Brunton Paul A
Published: May 2018

When the human head is subjected to blunt force impact, there are several mechanical responses that may result from the forces involved, including absorption of impact forces through the various layers of the head. The purpose of this study was to develop an anatomical head model to measure force transfer through the various head layers and their displacement when subject to short-duration high-velocity impacts. An anatomical head model was constructed using previously validated simulant materials: epoxy resin (skull), polyvinyl siloxane (scalp), agar/glycerol/water (brain) and modified intravenous fluid for the cerebrospinal fluid. An array of accelerometers (4 mm × 4 mm × 1.45 mm) was incorporated into the various layers of the head to measure forces in x- (anterior/posterior), y- (left/right) and z- (up/down) axis. All sensors were connected to a signal conditioning board and USB powered data loggers. The head model was placed into a rigid metal stand with an optical sensor to trigger data capturing. A weight (750 g) was dropped from a height of 0.5 m (n= 20). Impact forces (z-axis) of 1107.05 N were recorded on top of the skin, with decreasing values through the different layers (bottom of skin 78.48 N, top of skull 319.82 N, bottom of skull 87.30 N, top and centre of brain 47.09 N and base of brain 78.41 N. Forces in the x- and y-axes were similar to those of the z-axis. With the base of the brain still receiving 78.41 N, this highlights the potential danger of repetitive impact forces to the head. Upon impact the layers of the head are displaced in the x-, y- and z-direction, with the highest values shown in the z-axis. In conclusion, this study identified the importance of considering short-duration high-intensity impacts to the head and their effect on underlying tissues.
Intersex Studies: A Systematic Review of International Health Literature
Authors: Jones Tiffany
Published: May 2018

There is a need to better understand contemporary issues of nomenclature and group construction around people with intersex variations shaping health research and practices—including their framing within concepts like disorders of sex development (DSD), intersex, or the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) umbrella. This article reviews health literature in the broad field of Intersex Studies since 2015. It outlines the contexts, theoretical lenses, methods and participant numbers, framing of participants, and health findings around interventions evident in 61 sources. Sources came from the African region, American Canadian region, Asia-Pacific region, European region, and the Middle East. While health-related work was largely found in medical journals, it was also located in publications focused on a range of other fields including, for example, bioethics, education, and legal studies. The piece discusses the tensions between institutional expert-centered work with a traditional clinical/medical lens and the arguments found in a range of other patient-centered, community group–centered, and theory-centered sources applying innovative perspectives onto key issues. Liberal Constructivist, Bioethical Narrative Inquiry, Critical Intersex Studies, and Critical LGBTI Liberationist lenses have introduced a range of methods (from autobiographical analyses through to large-scale online surveys) to questions of the need for and processes of certain health care interventions and norms in the treatment of patients with intersex variations. Problematic practices in clinical health care and research are identified and discussed: particularly the lack of adequate information dissemination and consent-gleaning in areas ranging from anatomical photography through to application of “corrective” genital surgeries.
State formation and religious processes in the north–south corridor of Chhattisgarh (from first century bc to eighth century ad)
Authors: Majumdar Susmita Basu
Published: May 2018

Chhattisgarh in central India, a hilly and forested region, offered passages connecting the Gangetic basin with the Deccan, which opened it to influences from both the north and the Deccan. This made possible a secondary stage of state formation, marked by royalty, bureaucracy and army, with offices and practices influenced by those in vogue in the established states in the surrounding regions. The paper examines the process in the light mainly of epigraphic evidence. Such state formation created superior landed classes, mainly through land grants. The dynastic rulers patronised Vishnavism and Śaivaism, which were Brahmanical intrusions into the area, rather than any local deities or cults.
Media and massacre: The Hashimpura event, 1987
Authors: Yadav Shuchi
Published: May 2018

On 22 May 1987, at least 42 Muslims in Meerut (in UP) were brutally massacred by the Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC). A massive cover-up was staged where sections of the media, state and its agencies seem to have colluded to conceal the massacre from public knowledge. As a result, for 28 years, Hashimpura massacre was hardly remembered except for some important articles in the reputed Economic and Political Weekly. It was in 2015 that the news media woke up to the event when a court judgement came acquitting the accused, while admitting the fact of mass murder. The whole episode casts doubt on the value of newspapers and media as historical sources.
Trends of centre–state relations in India under the neo-liberal regime
Authors: Patnaik Prabhat
Published: May 2018

India had been envisioned as a federation by our Constitution makers, and so states were assigned some important subjects in which the centre could have no or only limited authority. Thus state governments run by opposition parties could pursue policies different from those of the Central Government in a number of ways. But since the onset of economic ‘liberalisation’ beginning with the late 1980s the financial strength and economic role of the state governments have been constantly undermined. This came, first, through the raising of interest rates to attract foreign finance capital, which created budgetary crises for the states since they fell under heavy debt simply to pay interest on existing debt. Neo-liberal policies were then imposed on them by Finance Commissions which made compliance with these compulsory for centre’s financial assistance. More recently the states’ powers have been further curtailed by the Goods and Services Tax, which has deprived the state government of the power to determine tax rates on goods produced within the states. Another means to the same end has been the centre’s trade agreements with foreign countries, with no reference made to states whose products thereby may be priced out of the market. The demonetisation of 2016, which impacted so destructively on employment and the cooperative sector in the states, was also undertaken by the centre without any reference to the states.
Beusite-(Ca), ideally CaMn22+(PO4)2, a new graftonite-group mineral from the Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories, Canada: Description and crystal structure
Authors: Hawthorne Frank C. , Wise Michael A. , Černý Petr , Abdu Yassir A. , Ball Neil A. , Pieczka Adam , Włodek Adam
Published: May 2018

Beusite-(Ca), ideally Ca${\rm Mn}_{\rm 2}^{2 +} $(PO4)2, is a new graftonite-group mineral from the Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories, Canada. It occurs in a beryl–columbite–phosphate rare-element pegmatite where it is commonly intergrown with triphylite–lithiophilite or sarcopside, and may form by exsolution from a high-temperature (Li,Ca)-rich graftonite-like parent phase. It occurs as pale-brown lamellae 0.1–1.5 mm wide in triphylite, and is pale brown with a vitreous lustre and a very pale-brown streak. It is brittle, has a Mohs hardness of 5, and the calculated density is 3.610 g/cm3. Beusite-(Ca) is colourless in plane-polarized light, and is biaxial (+) with α = 1.685(2), β = 1.688(2), γ = 1.700(5), and the optic axial angle is 46.0(5)°. It is non-pleochroic with X || b; Y ˄ a = 40.3° in β obtuse; Z ˄ a = 49.7° in β acute. Beusite-(Ca) is monoclinic, has space group P21/c, a = 8.799(2), b = 11.724(2), c = 6.170(1) Å, β = 99.23(3)°, V = 628.3(1) Å3 and Z = 4. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe gave P2O5 41.63, FeO 19.43, MnO 23.63, CaO 15.45, sum 100.14 wt.%. The empirical formula was normalized on the basis of 8 anions pfu: (Ca0.94Fe0.92Mn1.13)Σ2.99(PO4)2.00. The crystal structure was refined to an R1 index of 1.55%. Beusite-(Ca) is a member of the graftonite group with Ca completely ordered at the [8]-coordinated M(1) site.
Paediatric flexible flat foot: how are we measuring it and are we getting it right? A systematic review
Authors: Banwell Helen A. , Paris Maisie E. , Mackintosh Shylie , Williams Cylie M.
Published: May 2018

Background

Flexible flat foot is a normal observation in typically developing children, however, some children with flat feet present with pain and impaired lower limb function. The challenge for health professionals is to identify when foot posture is outside of expected findings and may warrant intervention. Diagnoses of flexible flat foot is often based on radiographic or clinical measures, yet the validity and reliability of these measures for a paediatric population is not clearly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate how paediatric foot posture is defined and measured within the literature, and if the psychometric properties of these measures support any given diagnoses.

Methods

Electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane, AMED, SportDiscus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were systematically searched in January 2017 for empirical studies where participants had diagnosed flexible flat foot and were aged 18 years or younger. Outcomes of interest were the foot posture measures and definitions used. Further articles were sought where cited in relation to the psychometric properties of the measures used.

Results

Of the 1101 unique records identified by the searches, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria involving 20 foot posture measures and 40 definitions of paediatric flexible flat foot. A further 18 citations were sought in relation to the psychometric properties of these measures. Three measures were deemed valid and reliable, the FPI‐6 > + 6 for children aged three to 15 years, a Staheli arch index of > 1.07 for children aged three to six and ≥ 1.28 for children six to nine, and a Chippaux‐Smirak index of > 62.7% in three to seven year olds, > 59% in six to nine year olds and ≥ 40% for children aged nine to 16 years. No further measures were found to be valid for the paediatric population.

Conclusion

No universally accepted criteria for diagnosing paediatric flat foot was found within existing literature, and psychometric data for foot posture measures and definitions used was limited. The outcomes of this review indicate that the FPI – 6, Staheli arch index or Chippaux‐Smirak index should be the preferred method of paediatric foot posture measurement in future research.
Mixing Studies in Patients With Prolonged Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time or Prothrombin Time
Authors: Benzon Honorio T. , Park Meghan , McCarthy Robert J. , Kendall Mark C. , Lindholm Paul F.
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:

Patients presenting for surgery may have isolated or combined prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and/or prothrombin time (PT). In patients not receiving anticoagulants or with no identifiable cause for abnormal clot formation, a mixing study is performed. The index of circulating anticoagulant (ICA) has been used to predict the presence of an inhibitor, usually a lupus anticoagulant.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed the results of mixing studies performed at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, between January 1, 2010 and February 29, 2012. We determined the number of samples that normalized or remained prolonged, the clotting factors associated with prolonged test results, and the presence of coagulation inhibitors. We calculated the ICA in the samples with prolonged aPTT and PT to determine its ability to predict a lupus anticoagulant. The primary comparison of interest was the diagnostic utility of the ICA at cutoff values of 11% for predicting the presence of lupus anticoagulant.

RESULTS:

There were 269 mixing studies performed: 131 samples with prolonged aPTT; 95 with prolonged PT; and 43 with both prolonged aPTT and prolonged PT. Of the samples with a prolonged aPTT, 55 of 131 (42%) normalized, 36 of 131 (27%) partially corrected, and 40 of 131 (31%) remained prolonged. Thirty-three of 95 samples (35%) with prolonged PT normalized, while 62 of 95 (65%) remained prolonged. Eight of 43 (19%) mixing studies of patients with prolonged PT and aPTT normalized; the aPTT normalized, but the PT remained prolonged in 17 of 43 (39%); the PT normalized, but the aPTT remained prolonged in 7 of 43 (16%); and both tests remained prolonged in 11 of 43 (26%) samples. Prolongations in the aPTT were primarily associated with low activities of CF XII, while the majority of the prolongations in PT were secondary to low activities in CF VII. Combined prolongations were secondary to deficiencies in both the intrinsic and extrinsic as well as the common pathways. An ICA >11% had 100% (95% CI, 59%–100%) sensitivity, 53% (95% CI, 35%–70%) specificity, and 77% (95% CI, 62%–92%) accuracy in predicting the presence of lupus anticoagulant in patients with prolonged aPTT.

CONCLUSIONS:

Normalization of the aPTT and PT in a mixing study was associated with low clotting factor activity. The ICA may be helpful in predicting the presence of a lupus anticoagulant. As anesthesiologists take ownership of the perioperative surgical home, we need to understand the clinical implications of the results of mixing studies.
Characterisation of cellular effects of Burkholderia pseudomallei Cycle inhibiting factor (Cif)
Authors: Ng Mei Ying , Gan Yunn-Hwen , Hagen Thilo
Published: May 2018

Cycle inhibiting factors (Cifs) are type III secretion system effectors produced by some Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria including Burkholderia pseudomallei. Through their deamidase activity, Cifs inhibit the activity of Cullin RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRL). CRL inhibition induces the accumulation of cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27, thereby leading to host cell cycle arrest. However, whether Cif exerts additional effects on host cells that are important in bacterial pathogenesis is currently poorly understood. In this study, we found that Cif exerts a bimodal effect on NF-κB signaling. Cif increases basal NF-κB activity. This effect is dependent on Cif-mediated activation of ERK MAPK. On the other hand, Cif inhibits NF-κB activation by TNFα and Burkholderia thailandensis infection. This inhibitory effect on NF-κB activity is partially mediated by Cif-dependent inhibition of CRLs. We also found that Cif only has a modest effect in stimulating the intracellular replication of the B. pseudomallei surrogate, B. thailandensis. The observed Cif-dependent stimulation of B. thailandensis intracellular replication is not or only partially due to CRL inhibition. Furthermore, the increased B. thailandensis replication induced by Cif was independent of ERK MAPK activation. Our findings suggest that Cif likely exerts additional cellular effects through novel targets.
Enhanced survival of BCG-stimulated dendritic cells: involvement of anti-apoptotic proteins and NF-κB
Authors: Kumar Pawan , John Vini , Gupta Ananya , Bhaskar Sangeeta
Published: May 2018

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is the only available vaccine against TB and is also used for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. BCG-mediated protection against TB and bladder cancer has been shown to rely on its ability to induce superior CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. As the magnitude of T cell responses is defined by dendritic cell (DC) lifespan, we examined the effect of BCG on DC survival and its underlying mechanisms. It was observed that BCG stimulation enhanced DC survival and prolonged DC lifespan in a dose-dependent manner. Live BCG led to a higher DC survival compared with heat-killed BCG. FITC-Annexin V staining showed that BCG promoted DC survival by inhibiting apoptosis. Consistently, higher expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was observed in BCG-stimulated DCs. Pharmacological inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL drastically reduced the DC survival efficacy of BCG. Comparable survival of BCG-stimulated wild-type and MyD88−/− DCs suggested that MyD88 signaling is dispensable for BCG-induced DC survival. NF-κB is one of the key regulators of innate immune responses. We observed that pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB abrogated BCG-mediated increase in DC survival and expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. These findings provide a novel insight into the effect of BCG on DC physiology.
An opportunity for clinical pharmacology trained physicians to improve patient drug safety: A retrospective analysis of adverse drug reactions in teenagers
Authors: Eugene Andy R. , Eugene Beata
Published: May 2018

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of hospital admissions, prolonged hospital stays, morbidity, and drug-related mortality. In this study, we sought to identify the most frequently reported medications and associated side effects in adolescent-aged patients in an effort to prioritize clinical pharmacology consultation efforts for hospitals seeking to improve patient safety.  

Methods: Quarterly reported data were obtained from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) from the third quarter of 2014 and ending in the third quarter of 2017. We then used the GeneCards database to map the pharmacogenomic biomarkers associated with the most reported FAERS drugs. Data homogenization and statistics analysis were all conducted in R for statistical programming.

Results: We identified risperidone (10.64%) as the compound with the most reported ADRs from all reported cases. Males represented 90.1% of reported risperidone cases with gynecomastia being the most reported ADR. Ibuprofen OR=188 (95% CI, 105.0000 – 335.000) and quetiapine fumarate OR=116 (95% CI, 48.4000 – 278.000) were associated with the highest odds of completed suicide in teenagers. Ondansetron hydrochloride OR=7.12 (95% CI, 1.59 – 31.9) resulted in the highest odds of pneumothorax. Lastly, olanzapine (8.96%) represented the compound with the most reported drug-drug interactions cases, while valproic acid OR=221 (95% CI, 93.9000 – 522.000) was associated with the highest odds of drug-drug interactions.

Conclusion: Despite any data limitations, physicians prescribing risperidone in males should be aware of the high rates of adverse drug events and an alternative psychotropic should be considered in male patients. Further, patients with a history of pneumothorax or genetically predisposed to pneumothorax should be considered for an alternative antiemetic to ondansetron hydrochloride, due to increased odds associated with the drug and adverse event.
Kuzhikkanam (Tomb-fee & Land Tenure): A Re-Discovery from Historical Palm Leave Manuscripts
Authors: Payyappilly Ignatius
Published: June 2018

This article is an attempt to explore and analyse the practice of levying Kuzhikkanam (tomb fee) for the burial of dead bodies in the Syrian church cemeteries in Kerala. There are eighteenth and nineteenth century palm leaf records in the Syrian churches which provide a lot of interesting information on this practice. This term is borrowed from the secular practice of levying Kulikkanam (Kuzhikkanam), that is, rent paid for cultivating the land that was newly brought under cultivation by land improvements either through reclamation or deforestation.Keywords: Kuzhikkanam, Kulikkanam, tomb-fee, Land tenure, Palm-leaf record, Kaikkaran (Trustee), Panayam (Mortgage)
French Travellers’ Treatises on Oriental Diseases and Symptoms: Indo-French Medical History
Authors: Kundra Sakul , . Bhawna
Published: June 2018

French travellers and adventures of the 17th and the 18th centuries had shown immense interest to explore the medical knowledge of the Orient. This article systematically analyzes their observations and evaluation on different diseases, symptoms and effects on patients which helped the travellers and adventurers of the later times by providing medical precautions to be taken before sailing on a voyage to the Orient. This article, based on many translated and un-translated records written in the form of letters, memoirs and travelogues by the French, who visited India, focuses on the varied facets given by them on medical knowledge and history of the Orient. Undoubtedly, the Portuguese and the English travellers also provided interesting accounts on oriental diseases, symptoms and their therapies but those given by the French are yet to be explored in detail.
Concept of Religionin Whitehead and Basaveshwara: A Comparison
Authors: Jalihal M. A.
Published: June 2018

No Abstract
The Problems of Transition to the International Standards on Auditing
Authors: Егорова Ирина , Egorova Irina
Published: June 2018

Th is article is devoted to peculiarities and contradictions of introduction of international standards into domestic practice of auditing. Th e article deals with the peculiarities of identifi cation of the international practice of auditing in the Russian Federation, as well as the integration of international standards of auditing activities in its jurisdiction.
Fibromatosis gingival hereditaria: una rara enfermedad. Reporte de una familia
Authors: Guzmán Rivera Edwin , López Álvarez Ary , Harris Ricardo Jonathan
Published: May 2018

Introducción: la bromatosis gingival hereditaria es un desorden genético raro que produce un sobrecrecimiento gingival y el desplazamiento dental asociado, la patogénesis y la base molecular de la enfermedad sigue siendo desconocida. Dado que es una enfermedad poco frecuente, es importante que el profesional en el área de la salud oral conozca las características clínicas, histológicas y genéticas de la enfermedad con el objetivo de realizar un correcto diagnóstico, plan de tratamiento y orientación sobre la condición de la patología. Presentación del caso: se reporta informe de una familia con tres generaciones afectadas con bromatosis gingival hereditaria, en la que se describen las características clínicas, histopatológicas y tratamiento. Conclusión: la bromatosis gingival hereditaria es un trastorno poco frecuente que genera diversos grados de aumento en el volumen gingival, los compromisos estéticos y funcionales a menudo requieren intervención quirúrgica, histológicamente es común la presencia de abundantes haces de colágeno y broblastos.
Editorial
Authors: Em Construção Revista
Published: May 2018

DOI:10.12957/emconstrucao.2017.28133
A literatura como meio de avaliação da produção científica e o problema da autoria em ciência
Authors: Machado Cristina
Published: May 2018

DOI:10.12957/emconstrucao.2017.28122O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o problema da autoria em ciência, postulando que não só a imagem de ciência mudou nas últimas décadas, mas também o conceito de autoria. Ninguém negaria hoje, por exemplo, que a ciência é uma empreitada coletiva que circula e se modifica no processo, e que implica uma literatura científica cada vez mais colaborativa. No entanto, quando o número de atores da prática científica se multiplica e tantas vozes participam dessa cena para além dos cientistas, como definir a autoria em ciência? Como pensar em avaliação com base na literatura científica, considerando a emergência desse novo tipo de autor? Analisar o problema da autoria é importante por conta das demandas para reconhecer, responsabilizar e dar crédito em ciência, sobretudo em tempos de produtivismo baseado em bibliometria.
A conciliação entre realismo e relativismo segundo Paul Feyerabend
Authors: Araújo Priscila
Published: May 2018

DOI:10.12957/emconstrucao.2017.28128Pretendo discutir a ideia de que Paul Feyerabend, ao contrário da leitura que comumente é feita de suas obras, concilia realismo e relativismo. Conhecido pelo tom, às vezes irônico, com que tratava algumas questões conceituais, preferiu escolher uma palavra para definir suas teses que servisse mais para a compreensão por parte de seus críticos do que para os seus leitores mais atentos: o pluralismo.  É fato que ele, em certa fase de sua produção também adotou o termo “relativismo” para denominar suas teses. Isso permitiu que muitos de seus leitores interpretassem suas ideias como se fosse uma defesa de um relativismo radical, o que não é correto. Feyerabend mantém, em seus textos, uma postura que não corresponde àquele relativismo que comumente lhe é atribuído. Procurarei explicitar as teses que Feyerabend assumia e explicar como sua postura se aproxima muito mais de uma possível conciliação entre realismo e relativismo do que de uma postura realista ou relativista. Mas seria Feyerabend um realista ou um relativista? Para Feyerabend, tais concepções não precisam ser encaradas como excludentes, dependendo de como se concebe a realidade e as nossas possibilidades de acesso cognitivo a ela. Em seu último trabalho, o livro publicado após a sua morte chamado Conquista da Abundância, Feyerabend retoma algumas de suas teses e trabalha de forma mais incisiva a sua posição com relação aos problemas do realismo, do relativismo e do pluralismo. Nessa obra, em especial, fica mais clara a sua concepção de realidade e em que sentido ele é um realista. Com isso, argumento que ele não é um relativista radical e que tem uma concepção de realidade. É neste sentido que ele defende uma conciliação entre realismo e relativismo, pois, mesmo atestando a existência da realidade e a possibilidade de acesso cognitivo a ela, ele não dá privilegio a uma ou outra forma de conhecimento. Ao final, explicarei como o pluralismo pode ser interpretado como um corolário desta conciliação.
Ensino superior na América Latina: além das crises, mas aquém dos desafios?
Authors: Miguel Leonardo Rogério
Published: May 2018

DOI:10.12957/emconstrucao.2017.28131Schwartzman, Simon (Org.)  A educação superior na América Latina e os desafios do século XXI Campinas, SP: Editora da Unicamp, 2014, 288 páginas.
CANDOMBLÉ E AS DUAS DIÁSPORAS DO POVO NEGRO: O PAIS MÍTICO E A INVASÃO DA INTOLERANCIA
Authors: Almeida Alisson Araujo de
Published: May 2018

Este artigo versa sobre a potência criativa da mestiçagem realizada pelos afros-brasileiros na criação de um país mítico. Resultado da diaspora no novo mundo, o Candomblé é a unidade nas diferenças, onde o acesso aos ancestrais permite a expressão das alteridades. Contudo, as imposições de visão de cultos aos ancestrais tem gerado uma evasão no Candomblé e um aumento
“O MUNDO SE DESPEDAÇA” NA SALA DE AULA: ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA E LITERATURA
Authors: Barbosa Lazaro De Souza , Gomes Pedro Alberto Cruz de Souza
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o diálogo entre história e literatura como possibilidade viável no ensino de história. Com a utilização do romance “O mundo se despedaça”, de Chinua Achebe, abre-se caminhos para o entendimento da história da África e dos africanos como preconizam as leis 10. 639/2003 e 11. 645/2008, para isso se utiliza de reflexões de autores como Jack Goddy,   Walter Mignolo e Edward Said. O trabalho apresenta considerações sobre as relações entre história e literatura, cotextualiza historicamente a obra do escritor nigeriano Chinua Achebe, analisa representação literária que o escritor faz sobre a religiosidade do povo Ibo e, por fim, pensa uma perspectiva de insurgência epistêmica com a utilização do livro “O mundo se despedaça” como recurso didático para o ensino de história.
A migrante trabalhadora do sexo na Europa: construção e governança de uma ameaça | The migrant sex worker in Europe: constructing and governing a threat
Authors: Valadier Charlotte
Published: May 2018

Com base na teoria crítica da segurança sobre a construção do outro como sujeito diferente e perigoso, esse artigo desenvolve um estudo crítico dos discursos dominantes sobre os fenômenos de tráfico sexual e migração pelo trabalho sexual na Europa. Busca-se realizar uma análise do processo de securitização através do qual a migrante prostituta é identificada como uma “vítima criminosa”, que coloca em risco a ordem pública, o modelo da família tradicional, a sexualidade feminina e a soberania dos Estados europeus.ABSTRACT This article develops a critical study of the dominant discourse on sex trafficking and transnational sex work in Europe, by relying on the critical security theory about the construction of the “other” as a different and dangerous subject. It seeks to analyze the process of securitization of migrant prostitutes, through which they are identified as "criminal victims" who challenge the public order, the traditional family structure and female sexuality, and ultimately the sovereignty of European states. The degree of dangerousness of irregular migrants involved in prostitution is defined through a construction of their risk profile, which serves as a justification to implement policies of body and movement control, by restricting immigration entrance, criminalizing or deporting them to their countries of origin.Palavras-chave: Migração, Securitização, Tráfico sexualKeywords: Migration, Securitization, Sex traffickingRecebido em 25 de Janeiro de 2018 | Received on January 25, 2018 Aceito em 02 de Abril de 2018 | Accepted on April 2, 2018DOI
Tests, scans and investigations, 13. How to undertake pulse oximetry
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2018

Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive technique for measuring the oxygen saturation in the blood and involves attaching a probe to a part of the body with an optimal blood supply, such as the fingertip or the ear lobe. The healthcare assistant and associate practitioner (HCA and AP) may be required to undertake this activity in a variety of settings.

This article provides the HCA and AP with information on how to undertake safe pulse oximetry in an effective and person-centred way. It is essential that the HCA and AP receive appropriate training and that they have been deemed competent before accepting this or any other delegated task.

This activity must be carried out using local policy and procedure.
Caring for the trans community
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2018

The healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) are required to care for a range of people in a variety of settings and are expected to offer care that is sensitive, confident and compassionate. This article discusses the care of the trans community who, like others, come from diverse backgrounds. The role and function of the HCA and AP are outlined. There are legal requirements that address gender and these are discussed in the article.

The need to adhere to the 6Cs is also considered and described. This article emphasises the importance of inclusion and equality in care provision, making clear that there is no place in any contemporary health and social care service for discrimination, persecution or bullying because of who a person is.
Interaction between HSA and a thiosemicarbazide derivative: Analysis of the effect of a methyl group in the binding ability
Authors: Chaves Otavio Augusto , Santos Margareth Rose de Lima , Echevarria Aurea , Sant'Anna Carlos Mauricio R. , Ferreira Aurélio Baird Buarque , Netto-Ferreira José Carlos
Published: May 2018

The interaction between the methyl thiosemicarbazide derivative ETS2 and Human Serum Albumin (HSA) - the main vehicle of biodistribution of small molecules in the human bloodstream - was evaluated by multiple spectroscopic techniques (circular dichroism, steady state, time-resolved, synchronous and 3D fluorescence) under physiological conditions, combined with theoretical calculations (molecular docking). The interaction HSA:ETS2 is spontaneous, moderate and is already present in the ground state (static association). Increasing the temperature leads to an increase in binding and the association is entropically driven. The secondary structure of the protein does not suffer significant perturbation upon ligand binding, however, there is a perturbation on the microenvironment around the Trp-214 residue. Sudlow’s site I is the main binding site and molecular docking results suggest hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions as the main binding forces. Overall, the presence of the methyl group in the ligand structure does not change significantly the protein structure, however, the presence of this group changed the thermodynamic profile, which strongly suggests that the methyl group decreases the binding ability of the thiosemicarbazide towards serum albumin.
Interaction of curcumin with berberine hydrochloride in Nanoemulsion
Authors: Iwunze Maurice Ohaekeleihem
Published: May 2018

Curcumin, a phytochemical, has various pharmacological uses so also is berberine hydrochloride, a phytochemical alkaloid. These chemicals are extensively used in many bodily ailments, ranging from cancer, obesity and attendant diabetes including glaucoma to anti-inflammation. However, these compounds are quite insoluble in an aqueous system, which limits their bioavailability but they are liberally soluble in nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion is a nano-sized oil droplet that is dispersed in water using a surface-active agent (surfactant), oil and a short chain alcohol. An investigation of the interaction between these pharmacologically important compounds was carried out in this medium using steady-state fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The data obtained showed that this interaction led to the quenching of curcumin fluorescence by berberine hydrochloride with a bi-molecular quenching rate constant of 2.839 x 1013/M-s and an interaction constant of 3.63 x 1103 in a 1:1 molar complexation ratio. Using the Forster mechanism, the estimated Forster radius for this interaction (Ro) is estimated to be about 27.70 Å and the interaction distance (r) between these reacting molecules is calculated to be about 31.40 Å.