bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online advertorial attributions on consumer responses: materialism as a moderator
Authors: Chang Hsin Hsin , Wong Kit Hong , Chu Tsun Wei
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Based on the Mehrabian–Russell theory, the purpose of this paper is to view the attributes of advertorial information as a stimulus in an online environment to examine the emotional states of consumers and their sequential behavioral responses. Moreover, materialism is proposed as a moderator in the relationship between advertorial attributions and emotion.

Design/methodology/approach

By adopting a quantitative approach, 421 consumers with browsing forums or blog experience participated in the study. SEM techniques were adopted for the formal data analysis.

Findings

There was a causation found among control, arousal and pleasure. Advertorial attributes influenced the consumers’ emotional states via control, and emotional states directly affected the information acceptance and purchase intention. Materialism partially moderated the relationship between the advertorial information attributions and emotional states.

Practical implications

Advertorial editors should provide detailed product information with credible sources in a positive manner and should attach videos or interesting pictures to avoid boredom and attract reader attention, especially in the case of materialists. In addition, editors should also provide some related hyperlinks for consumers to stimulate their further reading and then should observe the number of clicks and shares to estimate the popularity of the advertorial, so adjustments can be made if necessary.

Originality/value

This paper confirmed the causation of pleasure, arousal and the validity of the dominance (PAD) emotional model and found a partially moderating effect of materialism on the relationship between the attributes of advertorials and the emotional states of consumers.
Is the equalization/normalization lens dead? Social media campaigning in US congressional elections
Authors: Gainous Jason , Segal Andrew , Wagner Kevin
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Early information technology scholarship centered on the internet’s potential to be a democratizing force was often framed using an equalization/normalization lens arguing that either the internet was going to be an equalizing force bringing power to the masses, or it was going to be normalized into the existing power structure. The purpose of this paper is to argue that considered over time the equalization/normalization lens still sheds light on our understanding of how social media (SM) strategy can shape electoral success asking if SM are an equalizing force balancing the resource gap between candidates or are being normalized into the modern campaign.

Design/methodology/approach

SM metrics and electoral data were collected for US congressional candidates in 2012 and 2016. A series of additive and interactive models are employed to test whether the effects of SM reach on electoral success are conditional on levels of campaign spending.

Findings

The results suggest that those candidates who spend more actually get more utility for their SM campaign than those who spend less in 2012. However, by 2016, spending inversely correlates with SM campaign utility.

Research limitations/implications

The findings indicate that SM appeared to be normalizing into the modern congressional campaign in 2012. However, with higher rates of penetration and greater levels of usage in 2016, the SM campaign utility was not a result of higher spending. SM may be a greater equalizing force now.

Practical implications

Campaigns that initially integrate digital and traditional strategies increase the effectiveness of the SM campaign because the non-digital strategy both complements and draws attention to the SM campaign. However, by 2016 the SM campaign was not driven by its relation to traditional campaign spending.

Originality/value

This is the first large N study to examine the interactive effects of SM reach and campaign spending on electoral success.
Quantile forecasts using the Realized GARCH-EVT approach
Authors: Paul Samit , Sharma Prateek
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This study aims to implement a novel approach of using the Realized generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model within the conditional extreme value theory (EVT) framework to generate quantile forecasts. The Realized GARCH-EVT models are estimated with different realized volatility measures. The forecasting ability of the Realized GARCH-EVT models is compared with that of the standard GARCH-EVT models.

Design/methodology/approach

One-step-ahead forecasts of Value-at-Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) for five European stock indices, using different two-stage GARCH-EVT models, are generated. The forecasting ability of the standard GARCH-EVT model and the asymmetric exponential GARCH (EGARCH)-EVT model is compared with that of the Realized GARCH-EVT model. Additionally, five realized volatility measures are used to test whether the choice of realized volatility measure affects the forecasting performance of the Realized GARCH-EVT model.

Findings

In terms of the out-of-sample comparisons, the Realized GARCH-EVT models generally outperform the standard GARCH-EVT and EGARCH-EVT models. However, the choice of the realized estimator does not affect the forecasting ability of the Realized GARCH-EVT model.

Originality/value

It is one of the earliest implementations of the two-stage Realized GARCH-EVT model for generating quantile forecasts. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that compares the performance of different realized estimators within Realized GARCH-EVT framework. In the context of high-frequency data-based forecasting studies, a sample period of around 11 years is reasonably large. More importantly, the data set has a cross-sectional dimension with multiple European stock indices, whereas most of the earlier studies are based on the US market.
Systemic innovation labs: a lab for wicked problems
Authors: Zivkovic Sharon
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to question the appropriateness of current lab types for addressing wicked problems. A new lab type, a Systemic Innovation Lab, is proposed which combines the features of existing labs that are suited to addressing wicked problems.

Design/methodology/approach

Characteristics of initiatives that are considered appropriate for addressing wicked problems and existing lab types that contain any of these characteristics are identified. These lab types are Social Innovation Labs, Living Labs, Urban Living Labs, Urban Transition Labs and Public Sector Innovation Labs. The proposed new lab type is reasoned by combining the features of existing labs that are suited to addressing wicked problems. How the new lab would work in practice is illustrated with a case study.

Findings

When addressing wicked problems, labs need to take a systemic design and not a service design approach. They also need to focus on addressing complex problems, take a place-based and transition approach, enable coherent action by diverse actors, involve users as co-creators, support a networked governance approach and recognize government as an enabler of change.

Practical implications

This paper provides a new lab type designed specifically for addressing wicked problems. This new lab supports practitioners that take a systemic design, solution ecosystem and systemic innovation approach. Systemic design is based on a core set of principles that are a crossover between design and complexity theory.

Originality/value

For the first time, this paper analyzes different lab types to determine their appropriateness for addressing wicked problems. It also proposes a new lab type whose sole purpose is addressing wicked problems.
Bacteria inhabiting deadwood of 13 tree species are heterogeneously distributed between sapwood and heartwood
Authors: Moll Julia , Kellner Harald , Leonhardt Sabrina , Stengel Elisa , Dahl Andreas , Bässler Claus , Buscot François , Hofrichter Martin , Hoppe Björn
Published: August 2018

Deadwood represents an important structural component of forest ecosystems, where it provides diverse niches for saproxylic biota. Although wood‐inhabiting prokaryotes are involved in its degradation, knowledge about their diversity and the drivers of community structure is scarce. To explore the effect of deadwood substrate on microbial distribution, the present study focuses on the microbial communities of deadwood logs from 13 different tree species investigated using an amplicon based deep‐sequencing analysis. Sapwood and heartwood communities were analysed separately and linked to various relevant wood physico‐chemical parameters. Overall, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria represented the most dominant phyla. Microbial OTU richness and community structure differed significantly between tree species and between sapwood and heartwood. These differences were more pronounced for heartwood than for sapwood. The pH value and water content were the most important drivers in both wood compartments. Overall, investigating numerous tree species and two compartments provided a remarkably comprehensive view of microbial diversity in deadwood.
A prospective diagnostic study on povidone–iodine retention in lesions suspected to be squamous cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma
Authors: Rizk Mariam , Alian Mehrnoosh , Tschandl Philipp , Gorgi Madieh , Hishon Matthew , Clark Simon , Kittler Harald , Rosendahl Clifford
Published: August 2018

Background and objectives

While dermatoscopy improves diagnostic accuracy for raised nonpigmented lesions, those with white surface keratin can be problematical. We investigated whether retention of povidone–iodine by surface keratin provides a clue to benignity.

Methods

We performed a retrospective pilot study (n = 57) followed by a prospective study (n = 117) on raised nonpigmented lesions with white surface keratin. An initial dermatoscopic image was taken of each lesion, povidone–iodine was applied and another image taken. Following lavage with 70% ethanol, a third image was acquired. The percentage surface area of residual povidone–iodine staining after lavage was recorded, and the results analysed.

Results

The optimal cut‐off point of residual staining was 80%, where values of ≤80% pointed to malignancy. At this cut‐off, the OR for lesions with values ≤80% to be truly malignant in the retrospective set was 4.03 (95% CI: 2.1–7.6) and the AUC was 0.7 (95% CI: 0.62–0.78). For the prospective set, the corresponding OR was 2.3 (95% CI: 1.4–3.7) and the AUC was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.55–0.68).

Conclusions

This study presents evidence that povidone–iodine retention may have a degree of efficacy in distinguishing benign from malignant keratotic lesions. Further study is warranted.
Evaluation of the adequacy of drug prescriptions in patients with chronic kidney disease: results from the CKD‐REIN cohort
Authors: Laville Solène M. , Metzger Marie , Stengel Bénédicte , Jacquelinet Christian , Combe Christian , Fouque Denis , Laville Maurice , Frimat Luc , Ayav Carole , Speyer Elodie , Robinson Bruce M. , Massy Ziad A. , Liabeuf Sophie ,   on behalf of the Chronic Kidney Disease‐Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (CKD‐REIN) Study Collaborators
Published: August 2018

Aims

Drug prescription is difficult to manage in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the prevalence and determinants of inappropriate drug prescriptions (whether contraindications or inappropriately high doses) with regard to kidney function in patients with CKD under nephrology care. We also assessed the impact of the equation used to estimate GFR on the prevalence estimates.

Methods

The CKD‐REIN cohort includes 3033 outpatients with CKD (eGFR between 15 and 60 ml min−1 1.73 m−2). We examined the daily doses of pharmacological agents prescribed at study entry. Inappropriate prescription was defined as the reported prescription of either a contraindicated drug or an indicated drug at an inappropriately high dose level with regard to the patient's GFR, as estimated with the CKD‐EPI equation, the de‐indexed CKD‐EPI equation, or the Cockcroft–Gault (CG) equation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of inappropriate prescription risk.

Results

At baseline, patients' median [interquartile range] number of drugs prescribed per patient was 8 [5–10]. Half of the patients had been prescribed at least one inappropriate drug. Anti‐gout, cardiovascular agents and antidiabetic agents accounted for most of the inappropriate prescriptions. The percentage of inappropriate prescriptions varied from one GFR equation to another: 52% when using the CKD‐EPI equation, 47% when using the de‐indexed CKD‐EPI equation and 41% with the CG equation. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed significantly higher odds ratios [95% confidence interval] for inappropriate prescriptions in male patients (1.28 [1.07; 1.53]), patients with diabetes (1.34 [1.06; 1.70]), those with a high BMI (1.58 [1.25; 1.99]), and those with a low GFR (10.2 [6.02; 17.3]). The risk of having at least one inappropriate prescription increased with the number of drugs per patient (P for trend < 0.0001) and therefore the odds ratio was 5.88 [4.17; 8.28] for those who received at least 11 prescribed medications compared to those who received fewer than 5.

Conclusion

Our results emphasize the complexity of drug management for CKD patients, for whom inappropriate prescription appears to be common.
Early childhood educators’ attitudes and beliefs around the use of touchscreen technologies by children under three years of age
Authors: Hatzigianni Maria , Kalaitzidis Ioannis
Published: August 2018

This paper reports on an Australian study around early childhood educators’ attitudes and beliefs on the use of touchscreen technologies by very young children, under three years of age. The study adopted an ecological perspective and educators and directors of early childhood centres completed an online survey and were interviewed on this specific topic. Data were analysed to identify teachers’ competencies (eg, digital skills) but also possible factors behind attitudes and beliefs (eg, leadership styles; training; teaching philosophy). Findings suggest that early childhood teachers’ views are evolving and they are now more confident when they use technology for work/personal purposes but not as confident when integrating technology with very young children. Educators’ overall confidence and hours using technology is significantly associated with a positive attitude towards the incorporation of technology. Their teaching philosophy is also associated with their technology use with very young children. In contrast, training or lack of it is not significant. This study has direct implications for Early Childhood Education as it will contribute to better understanding educators’ views and practices on a hotly debated topic and whether they are ready to change their traditional views and embrace this new social reality. The need for more research on the influence of technological use on very young children’s development will also be underlined.
Effects of titanium oxide surface properties on bone‐forming and soft tissue‐forming cells
Authors: Wheelis Sutton E. , Montaño‐Figueroa Ana Gabriela , Quevedo‐Lopez Manuel , Rodrigues Danieli C.
Published: August 2018

Background

Previous studies have concluded that certain titanium oxide (TiO2) surface properties promote bone‐forming cell attachment. However, no comprehensive studies have investigated the effects of TiO2 surface and film morphology on hard and soft tissues.

Purpose

The aim of this study is to understand the effects of TiO2 morphology on the proliferation and differentiation of murine preosteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1) and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF‐1) using in vitro experiments.

Materials and Methods

Samples were fabricated with several TiO2 thickness and crystalline structure to mimic various dental implant surfaces. in vitro analysis was performed for 1, 3, and 7 days on these samples to assess the viability of MC3T3‐E1 and HGF‐1 cells in contact with the modified oxide surfaces.

Results

Results showed that HGF‐1 cells exhibited no significant difference in viability on modified oxide surfaces versus a titanium control across experiments. MC3T3‐E1 cells exhibited a significantly higher viability for the modified oxide surface in 1 day experiments, but not in 3 or 7 day experiments. Alkaline phosphatase expression in MC3T3‐E1 was not significantly different on modified oxide surfaces versus the control across all experiments. A slight positive trend in viability was observed for cells in contact with rougher modified oxide surfaces versus a titanium control in both cell types.

Conclusions

These observations suggest that crystallinity and thickness do not affect the long‐term viability of hard or soft tissue cells when compared to a cpTi surface. Therefore, treatments like anodization on implant components may not directly affect the attachment of hard or soft tissue cells in vivo.
Short‐term report of an ongoing prospective cohort study evaluating the outcome of full‐arch implant‐supported fixed hybrid polyetheretherketone‐acrylic resin prostheses and the All‐on‐Four concept
Authors: Maló Paulo , de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Moura Guedes Carlos , Almeida Ricardo , Silva António , Sereno Nuno , Legatheaux João
Published: August 2018

Background

More research is needed on the study of new materials for fixed prosthetic implant‐supported rehabilitations.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to report the short‐term outcome of full‐arch implant‐supported fixed hybrid polyetheretherketone (PEEK)‐acrylic resin prostheses and the all‐on‐four concept.

Materials and Methods

This prospective cohort clinical study included 37 patients (29 women, eight men) with an average age of 60 years (range: 38‐78 years) with 49 full‐arch hybrid PEEK‐acrylic resin prosthesis supported by implants through the all‐on‐four concept. Primary outcome measures were prosthetic survival.

Results

Two patients with two maxillary prostheses were lost to follow‐up. One patient with a double full‐arch rehabilitation fractured the mandibular PEEK framework, rendering a 98% prosthetic survival rate. No implants were lost. The average (SD) marginal bone remodeling after 1 year of follow‐up was 0.37 mm (0.58 mm). Technical complications concerning the veneer adhesion occurred in six patients and were resolved in all patients (with exception of the patient with prosthetic failure) through the creation of mechanical retentions and changing the bonding primer. Mechanical complications occurred in three patients and five prostheses consisting in prosthetic screw loosening (n = 2 patients) and fracture of the acrylic resin teeth (the patient with a prosthetic failure).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that hybrid polymer (PEEK)‐acrylic resin prostheses supported by implants for full‐arch rehabilitation may represent a valid treatment option, still requiring longer‐term validation.
Re‐imagining universities as places where learners address global transformation
Authors: George Shanti
Published: August 2018

“Learner agency for what?” is one of the key questions addressed in this article and the response distinguishes between more self‐interested responses and answers that suggest a wider orientation towards global transformation. The context is that of education at global centres of international development studies and the mid‐career professionals worldwide—whether practitioners, activists or academicians—who undertake courses of studies at such centres in order to gain insights and abilities related to social transformation that earlier education at conventional universities did not expose them to. Since such global centres tend to be located in the “Global North” but are largely attended by experienced people from the “Global South,” the article examines these binary distinctions and how learners navigate the geo‐political fault lines that the binaries represent. The pedagogical dynamic is explored in terms of the “wicked problems” that international development studies wrestle with and that can be approached using the experience of learners from across the continents in interaction with formal knowledge. One hundred twenty‐four in‐depth interviews with protagonists from 27 countries who attended one of the oldest centre of development studies in Europe open windows onto global transformation during the second half of the 20th century and illustrate both insights and challenges for learners who are struggling towards positive change around universal rights and well‐being across the planet. Traditional universities are urged to learn from pedagogies at global centres of international development studies in order to gain relevance in their societies and the world around them.
Instrumental Variables Analysis and the Role of National Culture in Corporate Finance
Authors: Nash Robert , Patel Ajay
Published: August 2018

In this article, we identify and review instrumental variables used to study the relation between national culture and finance. Recognizing that an effective instrument must be correlated with the endogenous variable (relevance condition) and must not be correlated with the outcome variable (exclusion condition), we conduct analysis and provide theoretical arguments to ascertain the ability of each candidate instrument to meet these criteria. We further document where to locate the data to form the actual instruments. Overall, we design this study to help future authors weigh the strengths and weaknesses of using specific instruments and to better inform empirical strategies for addressing the endogeneity concerns inherent in the “culture and finance” literature.
Are component endpoints equal? A preference study into the practice of composite endpoints in clinical trials
Authors: Vaanholt Melissa C.W. , Kok Marlies M. , von Birgelen Clemens , Weernink Marieke G.M. , van Til Janine A.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To examine patients’ perspectives regarding composite endpoints and the utility patients put on possible adverse outcomes of revascularization procedures.

Design

In the PRECORE study, a stated preference elicitation method Best‐Worst Scaling (BWS) was used to determine patient preference for 8 component endpoints (CEs): need for redo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 1 year, minor stroke with symptoms <24 hours, minor myocardial infarction (MI) with symptoms <3 months, recurrent angina pectoris, need for redo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) within 1 year, major MI causing permanent disability, major stroke causing permanent disability and death within 24 hours.

Setting

A tertiary PCI/CABG centre.

Participants

One hundred and sixty patients with coronary artery disease who underwent PCI or CABG.

Main outcome measures

Importance weights (IWs).

Results

Patients considered need for redo PCI within 1 year (IW: 0.008), minor stroke with symptoms <24 hours (IW: 0.017), minor MI with symptoms <3 months (IW: 0.027), need for redo CABG within 1 year (IW: 0.119), recurrent angina pectoris (IW: 0.300) and major MI causing permanent disability (IW: 0.726) less severe than death within 24 hours (IW: 1.000). Major stroke causing permanent disability was considered worse than death within 24 hours (IW: 1.209). Ranking of CEs and the relative values attributed to the CEs differed among subgroups based on gender, age and educational level.

Conclusion

Patients attribute different weight to individual CEs. This has significant implications for the interpretation of clinical trial data.
Association between household poverty dynamics and childhood overweight risk and health behaviours in the United States: a 8‐year nationally representative longitudinal study of 16 800 children
Authors: Min J. , Xue H. , Wang Y.
Published: August 2018

Background

No study has examined how the pattern of income dynamics influences both of children's body mass index (BMI) trajectory and health behaviours.

Objectives

To examine the association between household poverty dynamics and childhood overweight risk in the USA.

Methods

Using the longitudinal data of 16 800 children (from kindergarten to the 8th grade) in the nationally representative US cohort‐Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class 1998–1999, we examined the differences in BMI trajectory, weight‐related health behaviours and risk of overweight in association with household poverty dynamics during follow‐up (never [no experience of poverty], transient [once], recurrent [≥2 times] and persistent poor [remained]) using mixed models with fractional polynomial functions and estimating equation models.

Results

Overall, children experiencing poverty were more likely to have adverse BMI growth trajectory and eating and sedentary behaviours compared with the never poor. The recurrently poor children (12.8%) had the fastest BMI trajectory, highest overweight/obesity prevalence from 5 to 16 years old and highest proportion of excessive soda/fast food consumption and irregular exercise at 8th grade than did others (p < 0.05). The persistently poor (8.4%) were the lowest in BMI growth trajectory but became the second highest in childhood obesity through a steady increase in BMI over time. Children in the recurrently poor group had a 1.5 times (95% CI = 1.0–2.2) higher risk of overweight than those having never experienced poverty during follow‐up.

Conclusions

The experience of recurrent household poverty had a significant association with children's adverse eating behaviours and increased obesity risk subsequently.
A theory‐based hybrid II implementation intervention to improve pain management in Swiss nursing homes: A mixed‐methods study protocol
Authors: Brunkert Thekla , Ruppen Wilhelm , Simon Michael , Zúñiga Franziska
Published: August 2018

Aim

To present a protocol for evaluating an implementation intervention to improve pain management in nursing homes by addressing behaviour change of the care workers.

Background

Pain management in nursing homes often is inadequate despite the availability of evidence‐based pain management guidelines. Barriers to pain management in nursing homes occur on several levels including lack of knowledge and negative beliefs towards pain of care workers. A comprehensive approach incorporating contextual and behavioural factors is needed to sustainably improve pain management practice.

Design

A hybrid type II effectiveness‐implementation design comprising an incomplete non‐randomized stepped‐wedge design and concurrent focus groups is proposed.

Methods

A convenience sample of six nursing homes will be included. Implementation of a facility pain management policy will be facilitated by introduction of a facility pain champion and training of all care workers in pain assessment and management. Quantitative outcomes assessed at baseline, after 3 and 6 months include self‐efficacy in pain management and attitudes to pain of care workers and functional interference from pain and pain intensity in residents. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and implementation strategies and potential barriers to implementation will be explored in focus groups and interviews. (Protocol approved in October 2017).

Conclusion

The proposed intervention implementation has been developed in a participatory approach involving relevant stakeholders. To further improve the contextual fit, development of implementation strategies was guided by the consolidated framework of implementation research. Findings of this research are expected to inform adaptions to the implementation of the intervention.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03471390.
Are guidelines for measurement of quality of life contrary to patient‐centred care?
Authors: Disher Timothy , Beaubien Louis , Campbell‐Yeo Marsha
Published: August 2018

Aims

A discussion of how quality‐adjusted life years are used to inform resource allocation decisions and highlight how assumptions underpinning the measurement of quality of life are contrary to the principles of patient‐centred care.

Background

Cost‐effectiveness analyses (CEAs) can provide influential guidance for health resource allocation, particularly in the context of a budget‐constrained public health insurance plan. Most national economic guideline bodies recommend that quality‐adjusted life year weights for CEA be elicited indirectly (public preferences). This has potentially important implications for healthcare provision and research, as it discounts the ability of a person experiencing an illness to describe how it affects their quality of life.

Design

Discussion paper.

Data sources

Guidelines for the conduct of health economic evaluations, influential methodological and theoretical texts, and a review of PubMed conducted in April 2017.

Implications for Nursing

Nurses are increasingly interested in leveraging methods from health economics to aid in decision‐making and advocacy. In this analysis, we highlight how taken‐for‐granted approaches to the measurement of quality of life may discount the experience of patients and lead to decisions that are contrary to the principles of patient‐centred care. Nurses conducting or reading research using these methods should consider whether the approach used to measure the quality of life are appropriate for the population under consideration.

Conclusion

Since patient and public health preferences can differ in both magnitude and direction, guideline bodies should re‐evaluate their partiality for public preferences in the reference case.
From MARS to MAGIC: The remarkable journey through time and space of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation initiative
Authors: Wyer Peter C.
Published: August 2018

For over 30 years, “evidence‐based” clinical guidelines remained entrenched in an oversimplified, design‐based, framework for rating the strength of evidence supporting clinical recommendations. The approach frequently equated the rating of evidence with that of the recommendations themselves. “Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)” has emerged as a proposed antidote to obsolete guideline methodology. GRADE sponsors and collaborators are in the process of attempting to amplify and extend the framework to encompass implementation and adaptation of guidelines, above and beyond the evaluation and rating of clinical research. Alternative schemes and models for such extensions are beginning to appear. This commentary reviews the strengths and weaknesses of GRADE with reference to other recent critiques. It considers the GRADE Working Group's “evidence‐to‐decision” extension of the evidence rating framework, together with proposed alternatives. It identifies pitfalls of the GRADE system's cooptation of relational processes necessary to the interpretation and uptake of recommendations that properly belong to end‐users. It also identifies dangers inherent in blurring important boundaries between clinical and policy applications of guidelines. Finally, it addresses criticisms regarding the lack of a theoretical framework supporting the different facets of the GRADE approach and proposes a social constructivist orientation to clinical guideline development and use. Recommendations are offered to potential guideline developers and users regarding how to draw upon the strengths of the GRADE framework without succumbing to its pitfalls.
Modeling a process combining a cereal dryer with a bioenergy unit for equipment design in developing countries
Authors: Rivier Michel , Collignan Antoine , Meot Jean‐Michel , Madoumier Martial , Sebastian Patrick
Published: August 2018

This study describes the development of a process model combining a biomass energy conversion unit with a cereal‐based products’ dryer. Heat and mass transfer and pressure drops, which occur during the process, are identified using two experimental set‐ups. The tool can predict the behavior of a heat exchanger and simulate drying of agglomerated products. The model is then used to evaluate the process performance in its installation context, by means of indicators, based on which six design solutions are studied. The results obtained provide initial guidelines for installing a processing unit in the South and clearly show the usefulness of this sort of process design aid tool. It may be integrated into a multiobjective optimization environment, in order to design a high‐performance process, tailored to the context of developing countries.

Practical applications

In Sub‐Saharan Africa, agri‐business companies carrying out drying operations are experiencing difficulties obtaining efficient equipment, providing their energy supply, and guaranteeing the quality of the finished products. Research activities have already enabled the manufacture and installation in Burkina Faso and Mali of prototype dryers built on the principle of flat‐bed dryers but heated by gas combustion, an expensive and nonsustainable energy. At present, a biomass heat generator and heat exchanger still need to be manufactured locally. Hence the objective of this work is to be able to use the process model as a design aid tool for installations combining the three pieces of equipment. Local manufacturing support will be incorporated during the development of high‐performance design solutions to work toward creating and installing sustainable drying units in West Africa.
How Can a Corporate (Compliance) Culture Be Described and Effectively Measured?
Authors: Andreisová Lucie
Published: August 2018

In July 2016, the FRC published a report on corporate culture and the role of boards (see below). This report serves as an important complement to respective provisionsof UK Corporate Governance Code – a code which is perceived as a best practice manual for building and maintaining a good level of corporate governance and is therefore adapted by many European lawmakers and regulators. This regulation puts an enhanced emphasis on ‘corporate (compliance) culture’ as it, among others, states that: ‘Boards should devote sufficient resource to evaluating culture and consider how they report on it.’ What shall, however, be understood by this term? How can such a term be defined, measured and reported on? The aim of the presented discussion paper is to help answering those theoretical questions, as well as to propose a reliable ‘culture measurement tool’ which could be effectively used in nowadays business practice.
Verbal Violence in Children’s Books
Authors: Yakar Yasin Mahmut
Published: August 2018

Books that are read during childhood play an important role in the preparation of the individual for life as well as for the family and friends' surroundings. In books prepared for children, part of real life needs to be reflected. It is expected that these reflections can include not only positive but also negative messages, situations and events so the child should be prepared to deal with adverse situations in real life and will be able to learn to cope with them. One of these negative aspects is verbal violence that an individual may encounter in different settings. In this framework, attempts have been made to detect examples related to verbal violence in children's books. The need for such a study on literary quality books for children is due to the lack of an independent research in Turkey on the reflections of verbal violence. The research was supported by document analysis. In the study, fourteen books were examined in the form of stories and novels prepared for children, which contained reflections of verbal violence in the curriculum. The reason why the story and the novel are examined is that it is highly possible to find fiction-based expressions in these species rather than in other literary genres. Documents examined in the study were obtained by taking expert opinion and read without any written notice. Subsequently, the works were first subjected to content analysis to obtain more in-depth data after descriptive analysis. It has been found that all the books examined in the study on the reflection of verbal violence in children's books contained examples of verbal violence. These are among the consequences of working with threats from a wide range of people, ranging from nicknames to disdain. Nevertheless, it was observed that verbal violence performers are more male characters while female characters rarely resort to violence, and many reasons were effective in practicing violence. The results show that examples of verbal violence should be included in children's books which are thought to be effective on child's self-preparation for life. It was found that the fact that violence is not justified as a solution to the problem and that the characters who conduct violence must not be confirmed are among the essential qualities that should not be forgotten when children's books are written.
Comparison of Narcissistic Personality Characteristics of Faculty of Education Students and Sport Science Students
Authors: Koç Haluk , Aydos Latif , Pekel Hacı Ahmet
Published: August 2018

Narcissistic Personality Levels of the students of the Faculty of Education and the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences in terms of age, gender, active sports doing, department, graduated high school, mother education level, father education level, mother profession and father profession variables have been examined in this study. A total of 364 university students enrolled in the Faculty of Education and the Faculty of Sports Sciences in Gazi University, Hacettepe University and Ankara University, in the academic year 2017-2018 has constituted the research group. Descriptive statistics on narcissistic personality scores; analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test) to compare average scores in unrelated measures, the Tukey test to determine which groups had significant differences, have been used. According to the results of the research, the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences showed more narcissistic personality tendency than the students of the Faculty of Education.
Deep fluid pathways beneath Mammoth Mountain, California, illuminated by migrating earthquake swarms
Authors: Hotovec-Ellis Alicia J. , Shelly David R. , Hill David P. , Pitt Andrew M. , Dawson Philip B. , Chouet Bernard A.
Published: August 2018

Earthquakes beneath a Californian volcano track fluid movement and outline a zone of partial melt in the deep and mid-crust.
Measuring Earth's rivers
Authors: Palmer Margaret , Ruhi Albert
Published: August 2018

Satellite images enable global tally of freshwater ecosystems and resources
Ultrahigh thermal conductivity confirmed in boron arsenide
Authors: Dames Chris
Published: August 2018

High-quality crystals minimize conductivity losses caused by phonon scattering at defects
The future of humans as model organisms
Authors: FitzGerald Garret , Botstein David , Califf Robert , Collins Rory , Peters Keith , Van Bruggen Nick , Rader Dan
Published: August 2018

A “human phenomic science” approach could accelerate personalized medicine
TGFβ inhibition restores a regenerative response in acute liver injury by suppressing paracrine senescence
Authors: Bird Thomas G. , Müller Miryam , Boulter Luke , Vincent David F. , Ridgway Rachel A. , Lopez-Guadamillas Elena , Lu Wei-Yu , Jamieson Thomas , Govaere Olivier , Campbell Andrew D. , Ferreira-Gonzalez Sofía , Cole Alicia M. , Hay Trevor , Simpson Kenneth J. , Clark William , Hedley Ann , Clarke Mairi , Gentaz Pauline , Nixon Colin , Bryce Steven , Kiourtis Christos , Sprangers Joep , Nibbs Robert J. B. , Van Rooijen Nico , Bartholin Laurent , McGreal Steven R. , Apte Udayan , Barry Simon T. , Iredale John P. , Clarke Alan R. , Serrano Manuel , Roskams Tania A. , Sansom Owen J. , Forbes Stuart J.
Published: August 2018

Inhibiting acute injury–induced senescence mediated by TGFβ signaling in regenerative epithelium improves liver regeneration.
Rapid and specific labeling of single live
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
with a dual-targeting fluorogenic probe
Authors: Cheng Yunfeng , Xie Jinghang , Lee Kyung-Hyun , Gaur Rajiv L. , Song Aiguo , Dai Tingting , Ren Hongjun , Wu Jiannan , Sun Zhaogang , Banaei Niaz , Akin Demir , Rao Jianghong
Published: August 2018

A dual-targeted fluorogenic probe and microfluidic chip enables single-cell labeling and quantification of live
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
.
EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF TAIL RISK FORECASTS FOR SYSTEMIC RISK MEASUREMENT
Authors: BROWNLEES CHRISTIAN , CAVALIERE GIUSEPPE , MONTI ALICE
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we address how to evaluate tail risk forecasts for systemic risk (SRISK) measurement. We propose two loss functions, the Tail Tick Loss and the Tail Mean Square Error, to evaluate, respectively, Conditional Value-at-Risk (CoVaR) and MES forecasts. We then analyse CoVaR and MES forecasts for a panel of top US financial institutions between 2000 and 2012 constructed using a set of bivariate DCC-GARCH-type models. The empirical results highlight the importance of using an appropriate loss function for the evaluation of such forecasts. Among other findings, the analysis confirms that the DCC-GJR specification provides accurate predictions for both CoVaR and MES, in particular for the riskiest group of institutions in the panel (Broker-Dealers).
Sortase A: A Model for Transpeptidation and Its Biological Applications
Authors: Pishesha Novalia , Ingram Jessica R. , Ploegh Hidde L.
Published: August 2018

Molecular biologists and chemists alike have long sought to modify proteins with substituents that cannot be installed by standard or even advanced genetic approaches. We here describe the use of transpeptidases to achieve these goals. Living systems encode a variety of transpeptidases and peptide ligases that allow for the enzyme-catalyzed formation of peptide bonds, and protein engineers have used directed evolution to enhance these enzymes for biological applications. We focus primarily on the transpeptidase sortase A, which has become popular over the past few years for its ability to perform a remarkably wide variety of protein modifications, both in vitro and in living cells.
Trafficking of Adhesion and Growth Factor Receptors and Their Effector Kinases
Authors: Schoenherr Christina , Frame Margaret C. , Byron Adam
Published: August 2018

Cell adhesion to macromolecules in the microenvironment is essential for the development and maintenance of tissues, and its dysregulation can lead to a range of disease states, including inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. The biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms that mediate cell adhesion rely on signaling by a range of effector proteins, including kinases and associated scaffolding proteins. The intracellular trafficking of these must be tightly controlled in space and time to enable effective cell adhesion and microenvironmental sensing and to integrate cell adhesion with, and compartmentalize it from, other cellular processes, such as gene transcription, protein degradation, and cell division. Delivery of adhesion receptors and signaling proteins from the plasma membrane to unanticipated subcellular locales is revealing novel biological functions. Here, we review the expected and unexpected trafficking, and sites of activity, of adhesion and growth factor receptors and intracellular kinase partners as we begin to appreciate the complexity and diversity of their spatial regulation.
Leading-Edge Vortices: Mechanics and Modeling
Authors: Eldredge Jeff D. , Jones Anya R.
Published: August 2018

The leading-edge vortex (LEV) is known to produce transient high lift in a wide variety of circumstances. The underlying physics of LEV formation, growth, and shedding are explored for a set of canonical wing motions including wing translation, rotation, and pitching. A review of the literature reveals that, while there are many similarities in the LEV physics of these motions, the resulting force histories can be dramatically different. In two-dimensional motions (translation and pitch), the LEV sheds soon after its formation; lift drops as the LEV moves away from the wing. Wing rotation, in contrast, incites a spanwise flow that, through Coriolis tilting, balances the streamwise vorticity fluxes to produce an LEV that remains attached to much of the wing and thus sustains high lift. The state of the art of vortex-based modeling to capture both the flow field and corresponding forces of these motions is reviewed, including closure conditions at the leading edge and approaches for data-driven strategies.
Toward Reviving an Occupation with Occupations
Authors: Dierdorff Erich C.
Published: August 2018

The notion of occupation has long played a vital role in understanding the psychology of individual behavior, choice, perceptions, and attitudes in work contexts. However, the centrality of occupation to research found within the broader organizational psychology and behavior literature has been largely supplanted in favor of a more organization-centric lens. The primary goal of this review is to build a case for renewing direct efforts to more meaningfully integrate occupation into organizational psychology and behavior scholarship. In doing so, this review outlines what it means, and why it matters, to once again take occupations more seriously in our theory and research. I discuss five essential ways occupations influence important organizational psychology and behavior phenomena and exemplifying evidence from previous research. The review concludes with illustrations of occupationally focused questions that could be investigated across several specific organizational psychology and behavior topics.
Agency and Motivation in Adulthood and Old Age
Authors: Heckhausen Jutta , Wrosch Carsten , Schulz Richard
Published: August 2018

This review addresses conceptual and empirical research about how individual agency and motivation influences development during adulthood and old age. The major life-span approaches to individual agency and developmental regulation are discussed, with a focus on the motivational theory of life-span development. Developmental agency unfolds through action cycles of pursuing long-term goals for optimal development. Individuals differ in their capacity to regulate their goal engagements effectively within the age-graded structure of opportunities and constraints in their life courses. We discuss a set of research examples about specific developmental challenges, such as transition to adulthood, biological aging, illness, and societal transformation, and show how individuals, as agents in their own development, navigate change for better or worse. We conclude with suggestions for future research.