bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Tweakable Key Alternating Lightweight Cipher for Internet of Things
Authors: Mary Shamala L.  , Zayaraz G.  , Vivekanandan K.  , Vijayalakshmi V.
Published: September 2020

Internet of things (IoT) is a global network of uniquely addressable interconnected things, based on standard communication protocols. As the number of devices connected to the IoT escalates, they are becoming a likely target for hackers. Also, the limited resources of IoT devices makes the security on top of the actual functionality of the device. Therefore, the cryptographic algorithm for such devices has to be devised as small as possible. To tackle the resource constrained nature of IoT devices, this article presents a lightweight cryptography algorithm based on a single permutation and iterated Even-Mansour construction. The proposed algorithm is implemented in low cost microcontrollers, thus making it suitable for a wide range of IoT nodes.
An overview of hosts of the New World genusLeschenaultia(Diptera: Tachinidae), with a new record forL. bicolorinHalysidota pearsoni(Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Brazil
Authors: Gudin Filipe Macedo , Carneiro Isabela Maciel Monteiro
Published: September 2020

Specimens of the New World genusLeschenaultiaRobineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitise a wide range of lepidopteran hosts, including economically important pests. The female flies are attracted to volatile compounds released by host plants in response to the herbivory of caterpillars. They deposit microtype eggs on the leaves, which are then ingested by the hosts. We record a new host forL. bicolor(Macquart), obtained fromHalysidota pearsoniWatson (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The record is described herein and a comparative diagnosis for the identification of this parasitoid is provided, with discussion on similar species of the genus. The male and female terminalia ofL. bicolorare fully described and illustrated for the first time. We also review and update the host records forLeschenaultiain an annotated host catalogue. At least nine species ofLeschenaultiaare recorded from 53 species of Lepidoptera, including the families Apatelodidae, Erebidae, Lasiocampidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Saturniidae, and Sphingidae. Finally, we provide an overview of host use and host associations.
Visnagin ameliorates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through the promotion of autophagy and the inhibition of apoptosis
Authors: Fu Hai-rong , Li Xiao-shan , Zhang Yong-hui , Feng Bin-bin , Pan Lian-hong
Published: September 2020

Visnagin is a furanochromone and one of the main compounds of Ammi visnaga L. that had been used to treat nephrolithiasis in Ancient Egypt. Nowadays, visnagin was widely used to treat angina pectoris, urolithiasis and hypertriglyceridemia. The potential mechanisms of visnagin involved in inflammation and cardiovascular disease were also identified. But the protective effect of visnagin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury has not been confirmed. Our aim was, for the first time, to investigate the potential protective effect of visnagin on cardiac function after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model, and to identify its underlying mechanism involving the inhibition of apoptosis and induction of autophagy. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, ischemia/reperfusion group (IR), ischemia/reperfusion with visnagin (IR + visnagin) group. Myocardial ischemia/Reperfusion injury model was established. Hemodynamic measurements and echocardiography were used to analyze cardiac function, TUNEL staining and caspase activity, LC3 dots were detected with immunofluorescence staining, LC3 expression was evaluated by western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect autophagosomes. Compared with the sham group and visnagin group, the cardiac dysfunction, LC3II, autophagy flow in the IR+ visnagin group increased significantly (P<0.01), but the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and the apoptotic in the IR + visnagin group decreased significantly (P<0.01). In conclusion, visnagin may play a protective role in ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing autophagy and reducing apoptosis.
Chronic granulomatous ‘Aspergillus lung mass’
Authors: Venkatnarayan Kavitha , Devaraj Uma , Krishnaswamy Uma Maheswari , Ramachandran Priya , Balasundaram Sreekar , Ananthamurthy Anuradha , Savio Jayanthi
Published: September 2020

The diverse clinicopathological spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis is a consequence of varying levels of invasiveness of this ubiquitous fungus, which largely depends on the host immune response and pre-existing lung disease. The clinical presentation of pulmonary aspergillosis spans a wide spectrum from hypersensitivity to life threatening angio-invasive and disseminated disease. We report the case of a young immunocompetent male with no underlying lung disease, who presented with an incidentally detected ‘infective mass’ lesion in the lung associated with minimal respiratory symptoms. The diagnostic challenges posed by the unusual clinical, radiological and histological picture as well as the therapeutic dilemmas faced are discussed in this report.
Variations in the textural facies of sulphide minerals in the Eagle's Nest Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit, McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, Superior Province, Ontario: insights from microbeam scanning energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Zuccarelli N , Lesher C M , Houlé M G , Barnes S J
Published: September 2020

The Eagle's Nest Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit occurs within the 2.73 Ga Esker intrusive complex of the Ring of Fire intrusive suite, in the McFaulds Lake greenstone belt of northern Ontario. Sulphide mineralization occurs along the northwestern margin of a subvertical
~500 m wide (north-south) x </-85 m thick (east-west) x >1500 m deep komatiitic ultramafic body composed of harzburgite+/-lherzolite+/-wehrlite that is interpreted to represent a structurally rotated, originally subhorizontal blade-shaped dyke. Disseminated (<15
wt% sulphide), net (15-35 wt% sulphide), and lesser semi-massive (50-80 wt% sulphide) and massive (>80 wt% sulphide) -textured sulphides have been characterized using microbeam scanning energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (uXRF). The images produced by this
process have identified the abundances and locations of Fe, Ni, Cu, Ca, Si, and Cr within different minerals in 11 samples with representative sulphide textures: disseminated, leopard net-textured (containing bimodal coarse- and fine-grained olivine), pinto net-textured (containing bimodal coarse
orthopyroxene and fine olivine), inclusion net-textured (containing coarse inclusions of peridotite), disrupted net-textured (containing pyroxenite invading leopard and pinto net-textured sulphides), semi-massive (containing inclusions of peridotite, pyroxenite, gabbro, and net-textured sulphides),
and massive. All sulphide textures typically contain magmatic assemblages of pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite-magnetite+/-chromite. Notable differences include small ellipsoidal chromite inclusions only in facies with disseminated textures, little to no clinopyroxene in leopard net-textures,
abundant clinopyroxene in invasive pyroxenite in disrupted net-textures, high-Cr orthopyroxene oikocrysts in pinto net-textures, and variable degrees of segregation of Cu-rich residual sulphide liquid from fractionally crystallizing Fe-Ni-rich monosulphide solid solution, more in disrupted and
inclusion net-textures than in disseminated textures or leopard or pinto net-textures. The wide variety of net textures, the abundance of inclusions, and the invasive pyroxenite indicate a complex history for the magmatic plumbing system. Inclusions and late-stage pyroxenitic melt may have
physically facilitated migration of residual sulphide liquid from monosulphide solid solution, and the emplacement of the late pyroxenite may have slowed cooling and/or reheated the mineralization. Many of these details are less evident visually in slabbed cores or polished thin sections,
highlighting the usefulness of uXRF in interpreting the genesis and beneficiation of texturally complex magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE ores.
Convergent margin Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr ore systems: U-Pb petrochronology and environments of Cu-PGE versus Cr-PGE mineralization in Alaskan-type intrusions
Authors: Nixon G T , Scoates J S , Milidragovic D , Nott J , Moerhuis N , Ver Hoeve T J , Manor M
J , Kjarsgaard I M
Published: September 2020

Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE deposits hosted by ultramafic-mafic intrusions in convergent margin or supra-subduction/ post-subduction tectonic settings are becoming an increasingly important global resource. In the northern Cordillera, this class of intrusions is
restricted to the accreted arc terranes of the continental margin of North America where the Alaskan-type subclass is particularly prevalent. This report describes recent research on the Tulameen and Polaris Alaskan-type intrusions in British Columbia that contain orthomagmatic Ni-Cu-PGE
mineralization. Preliminary U-Pb geochronological results and trace element analyses of zircon from the Tulameen intrusion are interpreted using an integrated petrochronological approach to distinguish crystallization from post-crystallization events and to constrain the duration of magmatism.
Magmatic Cu-PGE mineralization (predominantly chalcopyrite-bornite) in the Tulameen intrusion is hosted by hornblende-magnetite-bearing ultramafic rocks near its periphery. Preliminary results suggest that emplacement and crystallization of the Tulameen intrusion occurred ca. 204-205 Ma (latest
Triassic), coincident with a 6 million year period centred on 205 Ma that produced the most important porphyry Cu-Au deposits in British Columbia. The Cu-PGE mineralization constitutes a unique deposit type for Alaskan-type intrusions and has some attributes in common with stratiform or 'reef-style'
mineralization in tholeiitic layered intrusions. Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulphides (mainly pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, minor pentlandite) in the Early Jurassic (ca. 186 Ma) Polaris intrusion are hosted by the more evolved ultramafic and mafic rocks. Remobilized ultramafic cumulates form a distinctive
component of both intrusions: plastically deformed and dismembered olivine-chromite cumulates are widely distributed in dunite, and what are interpreted as synmagmatic avalanche deposits are well exposed at Tulameen. The remobilization of pre-existing cumulate sequences is rationalized in terms of
an open-system magma recharge model that accounts for some of the key textural features exhibited by ultramafic rocks in Alaskan-type intrusions.
Psychosocial Burden of Caregivers Taking Care of Children in the Children's Emergency Room of Two Tertiary Hospitals in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ndu Ikenna K. , Osuorah Chidiebere D. I. , Nwaneli Ezinne I. , Ekwochi Uchenna , Asinobi Isaac N. , Iloh Kenechukwu K. , Nduagubam Obinna C.
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

In this study, we sought to determine the severity of caregiving burden among caregivers of children presenting to the emergency room and analyze its associated predictors.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, study carried out on 332 caregivers of children admitted into the children emergency room (CHER) of two tertiary hospitals in Southeast Nigeria. A validated structured questionnaire was administered by an interviewer with the use of an interpreter where necessary.

Results:

A total of three hundred and thirty-two child–caregiver dyads were enrolled for this study. Fathers were 25.6%, mother 65.4%, and nonparent made up 9.0% of primary caregivers of child in index admission. The mean age of the enrolled children was 2.5 ± 1.9 years with age ranges of 1 month to 16 years. Male-to-female ratio was approximately 0.8. Two hundred and fifty-four (80.6%) of surveyed caregivers experienced high psychosocial burden. On the average, caregivers were faced with moderate burden in the CHER during care of their sick child with a mean caregiver burden score of 1.64 ± 0.67. Caregivers looking after independent children (odds ratio [OR]: 0.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–0.9; P = 0.05), partially dependent children (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9; P = 0.040), and those with someone assisting them in the care of admitted and/or children at home (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2–1.0; P = 0.050) were less likely to experience high psychosocial burden of care as compared with caregivers looking after dependent children and those with no assistance.

Conclusion:

There is a need to incorporate comprehensive psychosocial and instinctive support for caregivers during the care of their sick children in the emergency room.
Association of family history of schizophrenia and history of obstetric complications at birth: relationship with age at onset and psychopathology dimensions in a Nigerian cohort
Authors: Uchenna Onu Justus , Uzoma Ohaeri Jude
Published: September 2020

Background: The nature of the association between obstetric complications (OCs) at birth and the genetic aetiology of schizo- phrenia remains unclear, as some authors suggest that it is an independent risk factor while others support either interactionism or an epiphenomenon perspective.

Objective: To examine the association of family history of schizophrenia (FHS) with history of OCs, with a view to assessing whether this relationship moderates clinical phenotypes such as symptom dimensions and age at onset of illness.

Methods: This study examined OCs among schizophrenia probands using the Obstetric Complications Scale. An inquiry into family history was performed using the Family history method. Psychopathological symptom dimensions were assessed using standard scales. Data were analyzed to examine the interaction of FHS and history of OCs with age at onset and symptom dimensions, using ANCOVA.

Results: FHS was significantly associated with the disorganized symptoms dimension (p=0.03). History of OCs was significant- ly associated with earlier age at onset (p=0.007). However, in ANCOVA, the effect of the interaction between FHS and history of OCs was not significant for age at onset and symptom dimensions (P = 0.059).

Conclusion: FHS was significantly associated with disorganization syndrome, and OCs was significantly associated with age at onset.

Keywords: Family history; schizophrenia; obstetric complications; symptom dimensions; age at onset.
Effect of community-based nutrition on infant nutrition and associated health practices in Narok, Kenya
Authors: Mapesa Job , Meme Joyce , Muthamia Olive
Published: September 2020

Background: Lack of knowledge, and poor attitudes and practices among rural women have been shown to negatively influence maternal, infant and young child nutrition outcomes as well as child health and cognitive development.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of community-based nutrition on infant nutrition.

Methods: A mixed method approach using a structured questionnaire to collect quantitative data (n=234) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for qualitative data was used in Narok County, Kenya.

Results: About 57% of the participants received nutrition and health information from hospital trained health person- nel. Whereas most women indicated having attended antenatal clinics, very few delivered in the hospital (17%). Exclusive breastfeeding knowledge was below 50%, although not statistically significant (p=0.584) across the education spectrum as opposed to identification of malnutrition signs, which was significant (p<0.05). Whereas 74% of the participants had knowledge about signs of malnutrition, only 58% could identify the causes. Rating for complementary feeding among the study participants was about 61% for introduction of complementary foods and 80% for frequency of feeding. Vitamin A supplementation knowledge, antenatal clinic attendance and type of waste disposal were statistically significant (p<0.05) in relation to education level of the study participants.

Conclusion: This study reveals the need to educate rural women for increased understanding and practice of appropriate infant and nutrition care through sustainable and effective essential nutrition actions.

Keywords: Community; nutrition; breastfeeding; complementary foods; health; practice.
Lack of association between genetic variants in the 19q13.32 region and CHD risk in the Algerian population: a population-based nested case-control study
Authors: Boulenouar Houssam , Aicha Lardjam Hetraf Sarah , Ouhaibi Djellouli Hadjira , Naima Meroufel Djabaria , Zemani Fodil Faouzia , Hammani-Medjaoui Imane , Saidi Mehtar Nadhira , Houti Leila , Mediene Benchekor Sounnia
Published: September 2020

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality over the world; intermediate traits associated with CHD commonly studied can be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Objective: We found previously significant association between three genetic polymorphisms, and the lipid profile variations in the Algerian population. Considering these findings, we therefore decided to assess the relationships between these polymorphisms and CHD risk.

Methods: We performed a population-based, cross-sectional study, of 787 individuals recruited in the city of Oran, in which, a nested case-control study for MetS, T2D, HBP, obesity and CHD were performed. Subjects were genotyped for four SNP rs7412, rs429358 rs4420638 and rs439401 located in the 19q13.32 region.

Results: The T allele of rs439401 confers a high risk of hypertension with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95% CI [1.12-1.9], p = 0.006) and the G allele of rs4420638 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of obesity, OR 0.48 (95% CI [0.29- 0.81], p = 0.004). No associations were found for MetS, T2D and CHD.

Conclusion: Although the studied genetic variants were not associated with the risk of CHD, the 19q13.32 locus was associated with some of the cardiometabolic disorders in Algerian subjects.

Keywords: Genetics; high blood pressure; CHD risk; obesity; Algerian population.
The differences of corneal astigmatism in different populations and its quantitative analysis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Hongmei , Zhang Yingchun , Yang Yanzhen
Published: September 2020

Objective: To analyze the differences of corneal astigmatism in different age groups.

Methods: The clinical data of the patients from the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of the Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital from April 2014 to June 2014 was screened and statistically analyzed. The corneal curvature was measured by three different instruments: Keratometer, IOL Master and Sirius corneal topography. The changes of the corneal astig- matism in different groups were evalutaed in the study.

Results: Corneal astigmatism of different groups showed no statistical difference and the average corneal astigmatism of 70~79 age group were higher than younger groups. As the age grew, the with-the-rule astigmatism gradually reduced from 85.8% ( A Group) to 31.0% (F Group). The against-the-rule astigmatism increased from 6.7% ( A Group ) to 45.0% (F Group).

Conclusion: The proportion of the with-the-rule astigmatism gradually reduced with the growth of age. The proportion of the against-the-rule astigmatism increased significantly. The oblique astigmatism had no obvious change before the age of 40. The proportion of oblique astigmatism increased obviously at the 40~49 group and tended to be stable. After the age of 60, the proportion of different types of astigmatism tended to be stable.

Keywords: With-the-rule astigmatism; against-the-rule astigmatism; oblique astigmatism.
Subcutaneous ketamine prolongs the analgesic effect of local infiltration of plain Bupivacaine in children undergoing inguinal herniotomy
Authors: Oham Alex , Ekwere Ifeoma , Tobi Kingsley
Published: September 2020

Background: Inguinal herniotomy is one of the commonest paediatric surgical procedures at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Incisional infiltration with plain bupivacaine has been used to provide postoperative analgesia for this procedure but with a short duration of action, 4- 6hours.

Aims/Objectives: The aim of this study therefore was to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous ketamine on post-operative analgesia in children undergoing unilateral inguinal herniotomy.

Methods: Forty-six (46) ASA I or II patients aged three to seven years scheduled for unilateral inguinal herniotomy were recruited. The patients were randomized to receive surgical wound site infiltration with plain bupivacaine plus subcutaneous injection of ketamine for group I or surgical wound site infiltration plain bupivacaine plus 2ml of saline subcutaneously for group II at the end of surgery. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Continuous data were compared using student t-test while categorical data were compared using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. P- value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: In group, I, the mean time to first analgesic request was 667.7 minutes (11.12hours) and in group II, it was 371.3min- utes (6.2 hours) with p<0.001. The pain scores were better and more favourable in group I from the 8th hour and above of the assessment period. The mean post-operative analgesic consumption in 24 hours was less in group I (19.35±5.4mg) than in group II (27.32±5.8 mg) with p-value <0.001.

Conclusion: The study showed that subcutaneous ketamine prolonged the analgesic effect of plain bupivacaine surgical wound site infiltration in children undergoing unilateral inguinal herniotomy.

Keywords: Subcutaneous ketamine, inguinal herniotomy, children, postoperative analgesia.
Elabela levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: can it be a marker for diabetic nephropathy?
Authors: Onalan Erhan , Doğan Yusuf , Onalan Ebru , Gozel Nevzat , Buran Ilay , Donder Emir
Published: September 2020

Backround: Elabela (ELA) is a hormone that is secreted at high levels in the kidneys of a healthy adult. This study aims to investigate whether serum ELA levels of patients with Type 2 Diabetes vary with the severity of renal damage.

Methods: Our study included 50 healthy control subjects and 100 diabetic patients, who were categorized into groups based on urine albumin/creatinine ratios (ACR). Patients included in the study were assigned to four groups: Group 1 (healthy control), Group 2 (ACR<29mg/g), Group 3 (ACR=30-299 mg/g), and Group 4 (ACR>300 mg/g normal or high serum creatinine). Physical examination findings, demographic characteristics of the study group were recorded, and serum ELA levels and other laboratory parameters were assessed using appropriate methods.

Results: The results of the study indicated that ELA levels determined in healthy individuals gradually decreased through stages of normal albuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria. Moreover, ELA had a significant negative corre- lation with LDL-C (r=-0.201, p=0.014), glucose (r=-0.437, P<0.001), retinopathy (r=-0.222, P=0.006), serum BUN (r=- 0.161, P=0.049), and a positive correlation with eGFR (r=0.250, P=0.002).

Conclusions: The fact that ELA levels are higher in healthy individuals compared to diabetic patients without microalbu- minuria, and higher in diabetic patients without microalbuminuria compared to patients with advanced albuminuria and kidney damage, suggests that the ELA level can be an important clinical prognostic variable and even a promising agent for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy patients.

Keywords: Elabela, diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, albuminuria.
Association of tibiofemoral angle, quadriceps angle and body mass index in a selected adolescent population
Authors: O Umunnah Joseph , M Ogbueche Chukwudi , I Uchenwoke Chigozie , J Okemuo Adaora
Published: September 2020

Background: Tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and quadriceps angle (QA) are important in the evaluation of patients with knee pathologies associated with these angles.

Objectives: This study investigated correlations among TFA, QA and body mass index (BMI) among Nigerian adolescent population.

Methods: A total of 519 (262 males and 257 females) adolescents aged between 10-18 years selected by stratified random sampling technique from some randomly selected schools in Nnewi metropolis. This study utilised the cross-sectional survey design. A height meter and bathroom weighing scale were used to collect data for BMI while a universal plastic goniometer was used to measure TFA and QA. Independent t- test, paired t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were used to analyse the data obtained.

Results: Findings of this study showed there was significant difference between right and left QA of males (t= 2.824; p= 0.005), and females (t= -2.012; p= 0.045) with the right QA been higher than the left in both males and females. Males have a higher TFA and QA (p<0.05 in all cases) than females. A significant negative correlation was found between BMI and right TFA (p=0.034), and between TFA and QA (p= <0.0001).

Conclusion: TFA positively significantly correlated with QA, with males having higher QA and TFA than females. The obtained information is important in the assessment and management of knee pathologies associated with these angles.

Keywords: Tibiofemoral angle; quadriceps angle; body mass index; selected adolescent population.
Nutrition knowledge and care practices of home-based caregivers in Vhembe District, South Africa
Authors: A Masia Tirhani , F Mushaphi Lindelani , S Mabapa Ngoako , G  Mbhenyane Xikombiso
Published: September 2020

Background: Home-based care is provided to clients in their homes to promote and maintain good health, hygiene and nutrition.

Objective: This study assessed nutrition knowledge and care practices of home-based caregivers in Vhembe District, South Africa.

Methods: The design was cross sectional, descriptive and exploratory using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Mul- tistage sampling was used, with convenient selection of two municipalities from four, eight home-based care agencies ran- domly selected from 96 agencies, 128 caregivers conveniently selected for interviews, 92 caregivers selected for focus group discussions and 28 caregivers selected for observation during home visits. Demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge and care practices were evaluated using questionnaires, interview guides and observational checklists. Data were analysed using SPSS 22 and thematic analysis for qualitative data.

Results: caregivers (99.2%) were women, 68.7% had secondary education and all had received 59-day training and 64.1% had six to ten years of home-based care experience. Only 0.8% had adequate nutrition knowledge, 45.3% satisfactory knowledge and 53.9% limited to no knowledge. Most care practices reported during the focus group discussions were not observed during home visits.

Conclusion: Nutrition knowledge and care practices of HBC in Vhembe District were found to be inadequate. The nutri- tion content in the training package should be improved.

Keywords: Nutrition knowledge; nutrition care practices; home-based care; home-based caregivers.
Socio-economic status and hunger among orphans and vulnerable children households in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Bamgboye Elijah , Odusote Tayo , Olusanmi Iyabode , Akinyemi Joshua , Bidemi Yussuf , Adebowale Ayo , Gbenga Ashaolu , Ladipo Oladapo
Published: September 2020

Background: HIV/AIDS has contributed to increasing orphans and vulnerable children in Nigeria. A measure of vulner- ability is household hunger.

Objective: To assess level of household hunger and associated factors among OVC households in Lagos State.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1300 OVC households in 5 selected Local Government Areas. The LGAs were select- ed using the Household Vulnerability Assessment index. Data collection was by personal interview of households’ heads/ caregivers using a structured questionnaire capturing socio-demographic, household economic profile and food-related variables. A multivariate logit model was fitted to identify independent predictors of household hunger after adjusting for confounding variables.

Results: The population density was 5.1 and 52.8% were females. A larger proportion of females (84.6%) than males (78.3%) reported that they had no food to eat in the last four weeks prior the survey. Poor household economic status (OR=1.41, CI: 1.03-1.92), age and marital status of caregiver were independent predictors of household hunger. The odds of hunger increased with caregiver’s age; higher in households headed by never married (OR=3.99, CI: 1.15-13.89) and di- vorced/separated caregivers (OR=2.39, CI: 1.11-5.12).

Conclusion: OVC households experienced severe hunger. Household economic strengthening would be useful strategy to mitigate the nutrition challenges of OVC in Lagos state.

Keywords: Orphans; vulnerable; children; households food security; caregivers; economy; Nigeria.
Mothball ingestion as a manifestation of pica, leading to paradichlorobenzene CNS toxicity
Authors: Yau Leong Joon , Gianniosis Margarita , Zafar Saman , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2020

Background: Pica is a poorly understood psychiatric disorder that presents with the ingestion of non-nutritious substances for unclear reasons. A high index of suspicion for unusual toxin exposure aids in the diagnosis of pica patients presenting with unexplained neurodegenerative features.

Methods: We present a 47-year-old female with worsening gait over the past year. Prior to this, she was fully independent with activities of daily living, but is now mostly housebound due to frequent falls. Past medical history is significant for menorrhagia, iron deficiency anemia and pica. CBC and iron studies revealed iron deficiency with microcytic hypochromic anemia. MRI brain demonstrated symmetrical T2 hyperintensities within the middle cerebellar peduncles.

Results: Differential diagnoses for her clinical deficits and imaging, including Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Multiple System At- rophy and Fragile X Tremor-Ataxia Syndrome, were excluded based on neurological assessment, family history and genetic PCR testing. Collateral history revealed a regular habit of mothball ingestion and serum paradichlorobenzene levels were elevated to 15mcg/mL. The patient was treated with iron replacement therapy and her symptoms gradually improved over several months.

Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is commonly associated with pica, which can lead to toxin ingestion. A high index of suspicion for toxin ingestion in pica patients can immensely aid in the diagnosis. Mothball abuse secondary to pica may affect the CNS and can present with nonspecific neurodegenerative changes. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases in the literature with paradichlorobenzene neurotoxicity predominantly affecting the middle cerebellar peduncles.

Keywords: Mothball; paradichlorobenzene; PDCB; toxicity; pica; middle cerebellar peduncles.
Salivary flow, amylase, and total protein in hospitalized patients with HIV infection / AIDS complications
Authors: Carina de Oliveira Núbia , Caroline de Oliveira Thayse , Cavassin Klamas Vanessa , Anhaia Ventura Mateus , Arana Kamei Adryano , Yukio Naka Jhonatan , Armando Brancher João , Adilson Soares de Lima Antonio
Published: September 2020

Background: Saliva is a complex secretion produced daily by the salivary glands. Saliva consists mainly of water, enzymes, ions and amino acids and performs several important functions in oral health.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the flow rate and concentrations of amylase and total proteins in the saliva of hospitalized patients due to AIDS complications.

Methods: Ninety-three men and women (20-64 years of age) were divided into two groups (46 HIV-infected patients and 47 controls) and had salivary flow rate and levels of amylase enzyme and total proteins evaluated.

Results: The mean salivary flow rate was lower in individuals with HIV when compared to controls (P < 0.05). No signifi- cant difference between amylase enzyme levels and total proteins were observed in the saliva of patients with HIV infection when compared to controls.

Conclusion: Individuals with HIV / AIDS infection (in hospital treatment) suffer no interference in levels of amylase and total salivary proteins, but they have significantly reduced salivary flow.

Keywords: Saliva; Salivation; Alpha-Amylases; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Xerostomia.
Postpartum Psikoz Belirtilerinin Kültürel Boyutu ile Ele Alınması: Albasması İnancı
Authors: ŞEN Nazım
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada kültürel değerlerin çok kültürlü bir topluma sahip ülkemizde ne anlama geldiği, ifade stili, bölgesel anlam farklılıkları gibi konular çerçevesinde doğum kültürü ele alınmıştır. Doğum kültürü bağlamında en çok inanılan ve ülkemizde en yaygın görülen kavram albasması inancıdır. Albasması inancı ile postpartum psikoz arası ilişki incelenmiş ve benzer noktaların saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Kültürün doğum ile ilişkisinde albasması inancı hemen hemen her kesimin bildiği ve dikkat ettiği bir kavramdır. Yapılan araştırmalara göre albasması belirtileri ile postpartum psikoz tanı kriterlerinin benzerlik gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu iki konunun karşılaştırılmasına yönelik nitel ya da nicel bir çalışma verisine rastlanmamıştır. Bu sonuca bakarak literatüre katkı sağlayacak önemli çalışmaların ortaya çıkacağı düşünülmektedir.
Türkiye’de Son 20 Yılda Yapılan Tektonik Jeomorfoloji Çalışmalarına İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ERKAL Tevfik , BAYLAK Halil Mesut
Published: September 2020

Kökeni Avrupa ekolünde morfotektonik ve yapısal jeomorfoloji konularına dayanan, 2000’li yıllardan önce ABD’nde yeni bir isim ve yaklaşımla ortaya çıkan tektonik jeomorfoloji, yerşekillerinin analiz ve değerlendirmelerine yepyeni bir anlayış getirmiş bir bilim dalıdır. Bu yeni bilim dalı jeokronolojik verilere dayanarak bölgesel tektonik yükselim oranlarının hesaplanmasını, aktif olarak yükselen dağlık alanların önündeki alüvyon yelpazelerinin tarihlendirilmesiyle fay bloklarının yükselim oranlarının belirlenmesi, hendeklerde yapılan paleosismolojik çalışmaları, traverten ve tufa tarihlendirilmeleri ile jeomorfometri (jeomorfik indis) araştırmalarını kapsar. Tektonik jeomorfoloji bu kapsamda, kabuktaki tektonik hareketler, faylanma, paleodepremlerin yüzey kırıkları gibi çalışma konuları, yöntemleri ve vardığı sonuçlarla Yeryuvarı araştırmalarına yeni bilimsel açıklamalar ve modelleme getiren bir bilimsel yaklaşımlar bütünüdür. ABD’nde hızla gelişen, yeryüzünü çalışan insanlara yepyeni düşünce ve yorumlar getirebilen, bilim dünyasını izleyen özellikle genç yerbilim insanlarımız Türkiye’nin jeotektonik konumu ve tektonik olayları nedeniyle bu bilime yakın ilgi duymuş ve ülkemiz bu konuda hızlı bir gelişme göstererek konuyla ilgili pek çok çalışma sergilemiştir. Çeşitli uzmanlık alanlarından insanların genelde ekip çalışmasıyla sergilediği tektonik jeomorfoloji çalışmaları jeomorfolog ve jeolog, tektonikçi, jeofizikçi, paleontolog, sismolog, arkeolog, coğrafyacı vb. tarafından gerçekleştirilmekte ve çalışmalar zengin bir bilgi dağarcığı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada artan ilgi ve hızlı gelişmelere bağlı olarak 2000 yılından bu yana ülkemizde yapılan, tektonik jeomorfolojiyi doğrudan veya dolaylı ilgilendiren 500’ü aşkın çalışma çeşitli ölçütlerle sınıflandırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmelerde taranan tektonik jeomorfoloji ile ilgili çalışmalar ekte sunulmaktadır. Taranan 579 kaynak çalışma, bu konuyla ilgili yapılmış çalışmalara ilgi duyanlara bir referans kaynağı olmayı da amaçlamaktadır.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Tektonik jeomorfoloji, Tektonik, Türkiye’nin neotektoniği, Türkiye.
The prevalence of loss of consciousness in children of school age
Authors: Makarov Leonid M. , Lesnitskaya Marina G. , Komoliatova Vera N. , Kiseleva Irina I.
Published: September 2020

Background. The epidemiology of loss of consciousness or syncope in Russian children’s population is unknown. Aim of the study. To determine the frequency of syncope in children and adolescents. In the study of the EPISODE (EPIdemiology of Syncope in schOol chilDren and adolEscents), there were surveyed parents from 85.5% of all school children from one of the central districts of Russia (Vladimir city area, Petushki district). There were 5728 questionnaires with questions about the syncope in their children, cases of sudden death (SD) in the family were common. 1732 questionnaires were returned (30.2%), the girls and boys were 50.8% vs 49.2% respectively. There were divided in 4 groups: A) syncope - 4.2%; B) presyncope - 13.8%; B) Sudden Death (SD) before 50 years old in the family -18.2%; D) 81,9% - without symptoms and SD in the family. In group A, girls dominated as 5.7% versus 2.7%, p <0.00005. The SD in group A was more common than in the children without syncope (42.5% versus 17,1%, p <0.00005). Conclusions: The prevalence of syncope among school children in Russia amounted to 4.2%. Syncope is found mainly in girls. The combination of syncope and SD in the family forms a group of children, in which, first of all, family diseases with the risk of SD should be excluded.
Colonialismo español: de la visibilidad a la invisibilidad de los guineo-ecuatorianos / Spanish colonialism: from the visibility to the invisibility of the Equatorial Guineans
Authors: Kouame Prudence
Published: September 2020

¿Cómo el colonialismo llegó a influir en los Guineo-ecuatorianos al punto de hacerlos invisibles? ¿Cuáles son los métodos a los cuales recurrieron estos últimos para reafirmar su visibilidad? Ante tales preguntas, el objetivo del presente estudio consiste en exponer tanto los elementos que caracterizan la visibilidad de los guineo-ecuatorianos como los que revelan su invisibilidad. La hipótesis que sirve de hilo conductor es que la cultura y las religiones, objetos de su visibilidad, formas de entender el mundo y su vida han sido influenciados por la presencia española. Se utilizan los métodos histórico, explicativo y descriptivo, para descifrar que, tras la conquista y colonización de Guinea Ecuatorial por España, los localestenían sus culturas con características propias, factor de su visibilidad. Pero el colonialismo va a arrinconar estas culturas dando rienda suelta a la cultura española y transformando a los colonizados en objetos de discriminación. Además de negar todas las pautas de vida y del pensamiento del indígena, el colonizador no quiso hacer del colonizado su semejante y portador de valores culturales de su país. Lo que engendró relaciones a veces conflictivas entre ellos. Esto nos conduce a analizar la manera cómo el colonialismo hace invisible al guineo-ecuatoriano y su cultura en su propio territorio, así como los métodos utilizados por las nuevas generaciones para hacerse visibles.
How did colonialism come to influence the Equatorial Guineans to the point of making them invisible? What are the methods used by the latter to reaffirm their visibility? Faced with such questions, the objective of this study is to expose both the elements that characterize the visibility of the Equatorial Guineans and those that reveal their invisibility. The hypothesis that serves as a common thread is that culture and religions, objects of its visibility, ways of understanding the world and its life have been influenced by the Spanish presence. The historical, explanatory, and descriptive methods are used to decipher that, after the conquest and colonization of Equatorial Guinea by Spain, the locals had their cultures with their own characteristics, a factor of their visibility. But colonialism is going to corner these cultures giving free rein to Spanish culture and transforming the colonized into objects of discrimination. In addition to denying all the patterns of life and thought of the indigenous, the colonizer did not want to make the colonized his like and bearer of the cultural values of his country. What engendered sometimes conflicting relationships between them. This leads us to analyze the way in which colonialism makes the Ecuadorian-Guinean and their culture invisible in their own territory, as well as the methods used by the new generations to make themselves visible.
Humanistic Values of Indigenous Languages in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Monirul
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to know the humanistic value that is given to indigenous languages in Bangladesh. This study is based on selected case studies, data from in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and systematic reviews of relevant literature. The study indicates that in a way the primary, secondary level education is designed focused on fully Bengali and part of it in the English Language. Children soon lose interest in the classroom and drop out when they cannot communicate. The teachers are also from the Bengali community, and fewer than 8% complete primary education while 2% complete secondary education. Besides the dropout, late enrolment, repetition, poor academic grade, for these maximum indigenous students cannot pass the minimum marks for enrolment for higher education and civil service jobs. Besides, many indigenous languages are disappearing but no plan to protect them.
Fest and revolt In Alboroto y Motín de Indios de México / Fiesta y revuelta en Alboroto y Motín de indios de México
Authors: Taiano Leonor
Published: September 2020

Este estudio examina la manera cómo Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora describe el binomio fiesta-revuelta en Alboroto y motín de indios de México. La investigación está estructurada en cinco partes. La primera toma como punto de partida el concepto de polis y los órdenes que rigen el bien común. La segunda alude a la percepción del fasto desde las diferentes perspectivas de los miembros de la polis novohispana. La tercera parte analiza la importancia del letrado en la organización virreinal. En la cuarta parte se examina el papel activo de las indias en la organización y desarrollo de la revuelta. Finalmente, en la quinta parte, propongo la existencia de una conciencia colectiva plebeya en el virreinato de Nueva España. A través de este análisis se llega a conclusión de que el motín de 1692 presenta las características propias de las revueltas que tuvieron lugar en los territorios españoles a lo largo del siglo XVII, en los cuales, durante el momento festivo, surgía una acción contestataria que trataba de imponer la isonomía en la polis This research analyses how Carlos de Sigüenza and Góngora describes the dichotomy of festivity-revolt in Alboroto y motín de Indios de México. This study is structured in five parts. The first one takes as its starting point the concept of polis and the regulations for the common good. The second one alludes to the Spanish splendor produced in the different members of Novohispanic polis. The third part analyses the letrado’s function within the viceregal organization. The fourth part examines the active role of Female Indigenous in the revolt’s organization and development. Finally, in the fifth part, I propose the existence of a Plebeian collective consciousness within the viceroyalty of New Spain. Through this analysis, the study concludes that the revolt that took place In 1692 has all the characteristics of the revolts that happened in the Spanish territories throughout the 17th century, in which, during a celebratory event, there could arise insurrectionary actions to impose the isonomia in the polis.
A lógica formal e a lógica material ou dialética como perspectivas epistemológicas jurídicas aplicáveis à Defensoria Pública
Authors: Barbosa Antonio Ezequiel Inácio
Published: September 2020

O tema do presente trabalho é a utilização da lógica, nas suas concepções formal e material ou dialética, como perspectivas epistemológicas jurídicas no âmbito da Defensoria Pública. São tratadas, portanto, as concepções básicas dessas duas modalidades lógicas e suas possibilidades de aplicação no campo do estudo sobre o conhecimento jurídico. Nessa esteira, por meio do método de abordagem da investigação analítico-conceitual, fundamentado em pesquisa teórico-conceitual, é examinado em que medida o esforço metodológico para reconhecer as notas essenciais do Direito, bem como para a sua realização prática, envolve, o recurso à lógica como instrumento para atingir a coerência dos argumentos e a consistência das teorias. Não apenas a lógica das formas, cujo apego exclusivo ou excessivo pode resultar na redução do Direito tão somente a um sistema igualmente formal, artificialmente desvinculado de sua carga axiológica, mas, também, a lógica material ou dialética, possibilitadora da análise da adequação das teorias à realidade, de modo a abranger, além da norma, as dimensões do fato e do valor.
A atuação da Defensoria Pública no processo penal em prol do acusado não hipossuficiente e a justa retribuição pelo serviço público prestado
Authors: De Cerqueira César Guillermo Rojas
Published: September 2020

A atuação da Defensoria Pública em prol do acusado não hipossuficiente no processo penal suscita várias dúvidas em relação a possibilidade de cobrança do serviço público prestado. A tese aqui desenvolvida revela que a previsão contida no atual código de processo penal não contempla de forma adequada a nova roupagem constitucional em que a Defensoria está erigida. Não faz sentido desenvolver atividades atípicas da instituição sem a possibilidade de previsão específica e cobrança pela justa retribuição do serviço público prestado. O constituinte reformador possibilitou a emancipação da instituição, cabendo a seus gestores a iniciativa e adequação legislativa à nova realidade vivida.
Mulheres negras: a relação de mobilidade urbano periférica com a permanência na educação superior
Authors: Lima Renata Miranda
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo se volta às mulheres negras, universitárias, moradoras do distrito do M´boi Mirim – zona Sul / São Paulo com a finalidade de compreender o entrelaçamento do Direito a Mobilidade Urbano-Periférica com o Direito à Educação Superior. Para tanto, foi utilizada a observação qualitativa como estratégia metodológica, entrevistas semiestruturadas e uso de diário de campo. A partir do exposto conclui-se que: a mulher negra, moradora da periferia que está acessando o ensino superior, encontra no seu caminho de permanência na universidade, um bombardeio de dificuldades. Entretanto, essas mulheres reexistem, ressignificam e resistem por influência da família, por quererem atingir seus objetivos, sonhos e buscarem na educação uma mobilidade social para si e para sua família. Assim, resumo a força que as impulsionam na seguinte canção: “Planta do pé tá no chão. Sangue dos meus ancestrais no coração. Alcançando a vitória com as próprias mãos. Alcançando a vitória com as próprias mãos. Com as próprias mãos. Se é pra vencer deixa quem sabe fazer. Eu tô na luta, sou mulher. Posso ser o que eu quiser”. (Karol ConK: Tô na luta).
A prisão como instituição de desrespeito às diferenças de sexualidade e gênero
Authors: Doering Morais Neon Bruno , Rolim Medeiros Lopes Danyelle do Nascimento
Published: September 2020

Este estudo propõe uma reflexão sobre a prisão enquanto um ambiente de desrespeito às diferenças de gênero e sexualidade, sendo, portanto, um espaço destinado à violação dos direitos humanos mais sensíveis e intrínsecos do indivíduo, aqueles que orbitam a própria complexidade humana. A maioria dos presídios nacionais não possui acomodações específicas para a população LGBT privada de liberdade, estando este grupo minoritário suscetível às piores barbáries, torturas e violências praticadas pelos outros reclusos. Então, a prisão como instituição de desrespeito às diferenças sexuais imprime a dor e o sofrimento daquelas pessoas que são aprisionadas em um local que não observa questões de gênero e sexo, obrigando-as a uma convivência forçada com pessoas que não respeitam a diversidade e a liberdade sexual.