bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broad protective RBD heterotrimer vaccines neutralize SARS-CoV-2 including Omicron sub-variants XBB/BQ.1.1/BF.7
Authors: Zhang Yanfang , Kang Xinrui , Liu Sheng , Han Pu , Lei Wenwen , Xu Ke , Xu Zepeng , Gao Zhengrong , Zhou Xuemei , An Yaling , Han Yuxuan , Liu Kefang , Zhao Xin , Dai Lianpan , Wang Peiyi , Wu Guizhen , Qi Jianxun , Xu Kun , Gao George F.
Published: September 2023

SARS-CoV-2 variants with severe immune evasion are a major challenge for COVID-19 prevention, especially the circulating Omicron XBB/BQ.1.1/BF.7 strains. Thus, the next-generation of broad-spectrum vaccines are urgently needed. Previously, we developed a COVID-19 protein subunit vaccine, ZF2001, based on the RBD-homodimer as the immunogen. To adapt SARS-CoV-2 variants, we developed chimeric RBD-heterodimers to induce broad immune responses. In this study, we further explored the concept of tandem RBD homotrimer and heterotrimer. Prototype SARS-CoV-2 RBD-homotrimer, prototype-Delta-BA.1 (PDO) RBD-heterotrimer and Delta-BA.2-BA.5 (DBA2BA5) RBD-heterotrimer were designed. Biochemical and cryo-EM structural characterization demonstrated total epitope exposure of the RBD-trimers. In mouse experiments, PDO and DBA2BA5 elicited broad SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Potent protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants was observed in challenge assays and was correlated with neutralizing antibody titer. This study validated the design strategy of tandem RBD-heterotrimers as multivalent immunogens and presented a promising vaccine candidate, DBA2BA5, eliciting broad-spectrum immune responses, including against the circulating XBB/BF.7/BQ.1.1.
Atlas de anatomía dental 3D
Authors: Zubizarreta Macho Álvaro , Lobo Galindo Ana Belén , Flores Fraile Javier , Quispe López Norberto , Borrajo Sánchez Javier , Alonso Pérez-Barquero Jorge , Alonso Ezpeleta Luis Óscar , Montiel Company José María , Abella Sans Francesc , Bueno Martínez José Rufino
Published: September 2023

Tanto los clínicos como los pacientes son conscientes, con distintos niveles de certeza, que las variables anatómicas pueden justificar el pronóstico de las intervenciones terapéuticas. Hasta la fecha nadie tiene conocimiento completo de las distintas peculiaridades anatómicas de nuestros propios órganos, pero el clínico sí debe de ser conocedor de cuáles son las principales variantes morfológicas y sus implicaciones terapéuticas-pronósticas de un órgano en concreto que sea de su jurisdicción. En nuestro ámbito, cuanto más conocimiento tenemos del órgano dentario, más perfecto nos parece y más exigente nos resulta el restitutio ad integrum de los procedimientos restaurativos que diariamente realizamos. Esta obra permitirá al lector tener un conocimiento dinámico sobre una de las estructuras del organismo más complejas: el diente. Además, la moderna concepción de la obra permite visualizar en 3D los distintos especímenes dentales, permitiendo además que los recursos multimedia se puedan actualizar o perfeccionar sin necesidad de recurrir a nuevas ediciones. Consciente de la importancia que dicha obra tendrá sobre las distintas especialidades de la odontología, deseo al lector que disfrute del paseo virtual por la anatomía dental. No tiene desperdicio.
55 años de trayectoria del más influyente especialista en Historia del Brasil colonial: una entrevista con Stuart B. Schwartz
Authors: Santos Pérez José Manuel , Vicente Martín Irene María
Published: September 2023

Entrevista con el profesor Stuart B. Schwartz, profesor de la cátedra George Burton Adams de la Universidad de Yale (New Haven, Connecticut). El profesor Schwartz habla de su trayectoria académica, el porqué de su dedicación a la Historia de Brasil, de sus actuales inquietudes como profesor e investigador, de sus futuros proyectos y de la situación actual de Brasil y su historiografía.
Museu do Ipiranga: un marco en el Bicentenario de la Independencia de Brasil. Entrevista a Amâncio Jorge de Oliveira, vicedirector del Museu Paulista
Authors: Onuki Janina , De Marco Valeria
Published: September 2023

Esta entrevista con Amâncio Jorge de Oliveira se realizó con motivo de la reinauguración del Museu do Ipiranga, en el marco de la conmemoración del Bicentenario de la Independencia de Brasil, en septiembre de 2022. Después de diez años cerrado, el museo pasó por un largo proceso de reforma que supuso un desafío para la Universidade de São Paulo, el Gobierno, las empresas privadas y la propia sociedad, siendo finalmente concluido con éxito. Hoy el Museu do Ipiranga es considerado un museo donde se revive la historia y se cuestionan sus consecuencias, además de un espacio de referencia para la accesibilidad. La trayectoria del entrevistado, y su perfil emprendedor, se describe partiendo de su formación en medicina hasta llegar al cargo de vicedirector del museo que ocupa actualmente.
«Vovó não quer casca de coco no terreiro para não lembrar do tempo do cativeiro». Memoria y mediación en los terreiros de umbanda
Authors: Antonangeli Claudia
Published: September 2023

Las reflexiones presentadas en este artículo proponen una lectura etnográfica del culto afrobrasileño de la umbanda, en su vertiente política. Durante la ceremonia religiosa, algunos adeptos incorporan entidades espirituales que remiten a figuras sociales típicas de la historia brasileña, como por ejemplo caboclos y pretos velhos, que aluden al exterminio de indígenas y a la esclavización de africanos. El objetivo del texto es mostrar cómo, por medio del momento ritual de la incorporación, el culto de la umbanda funciona como estrategia de memoria, escenificando aspectos del pasado colonial y esclavista de Brasil. Además, el regreso de estos espíritus en el cuerpo de los médiums vincula estos mismos cuerpos a la matriz africana, independientemente del color de la piel, creando así nuevas narrativas que permiten superar una concepción estigmatizante y racista de la persona. Entonces, el campo de la religiosidad puede interpretarse como una arena de negociación identitaria, en la cual las entidades espirituales aparecen en el papel de mediadores.
Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from dogs presented at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa
Authors: Sebola Dikeledi C. , Oguttu James W. , Kock Marleen M. , Qekwana Daniel N.
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae are opportunistic bacterial pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections in veterinary medicine. Infection with these bacteria always requires urgent antimicrobial therapy. However, there is no evidence of studies that have investigated the antimicrobial drug resistance profile of these organisms in a veterinary setting in South Africa. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae from clinical specimens obtained from dogs presented at a veterinary academic hospital. The findings of this study contribute to an improved understanding of the AMR profile of these bacteria in veterinary medicine.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective data of clinical samples from dogs that were positive for A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae between 2007 and 2013 were used in this study. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The A. baumannii isolates were subjected to a panel of 20 antibiotics, while K. pneumoniae isolates were subjected to a panel of 22 antibiotics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented using tables and figures.

Results: Twenty (n = 20) A. baumannii isolates were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage, foreign objects, bone, urine, skin, blood, ear, nasal, and oral cavity. Almost all A. baumannii (95%, 19/20) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 60% (12/20) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 56) was isolated from urine, foreign objects, abscesses, ears, eyes, tracheal aspirations, bronchoalveolar lavages, eyes, abdominal aspirates, anal glands, bones, and intestinal and lung biopsies. All K. pneumoniae (100%, 56/56) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 98% (55/56) were MDR.

Conclusion: Both A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae were isolated in various clinical tissue samples and exhibited a high prevalence of resistance to multiple antibiotics. In addition, these bacteria exhibited a high prevalence of resistance to β-lactam compared to other classes of antibiotics, which is likely to impact treatment options and patient prognosis.

Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, antimicrobial resistance, dogs, ESKAPE, Klebsiella pneumoniae, multidrug resistance, veterinary hospital.
A cloud computing elterjedése Magyarországon = Diffusion of Cloud Computing in Hungary
Authors: Nagy-Borsy Viktor
Published: September 2023

A technológiai innovációk megjelenése – a technológiai fejlődés gyorsuló üteme miatt – a vállalatok számára folyamatosan új kihívásokat jelentenek, a technológiai változások követése, a paradigmaváltások mind az elméleti kutatásokban, mind az üzleti gondolkodásban tetten érhetők. A gyűjtőnéven felhő alapú megoldásoknak nevezett technológiák (Cloud Computing) feltűnése ebbe a trendbe illeszkedik, használatuk általánosan a 2010-es évek elejétől terjedt el a vállalati környezetben. A felhő alapú szolgáltatások specialitásai különösen jól illeszkednek a kis- és középvállalkozások sajátosságaihoz, ugyanakkor a technológia elterjedése, ismertsége nincs összhangban a Cloud Computing megoldások potenciális előnyeivel. A tanulmány célja a hazai kis- és középvállalkozások, valamint a nagyvállalatok körében a felhő alapú technológia jelenlegi használatának, illetve diffúziójának vizsgálata, reprezentatív adatokra támaszkodó elemzések alapján. Az empirikus kutatásom során az Eurostat, valamint a Központi Statisztikai Hivatal reprezentatív adatait használtam fel. Ezek alapján megállapítható, hogy a vizsgált időszakban (2014-2021) a hazai vállalkozások körében különböző mértékű növekedés volt tapasztalható (kisvállalkozások: 14,4 százalékpont, középvállalkozások: 29,7 százalékpont, nagyvállalatok: 46,5 százalékpont), illetve a vállalkozások létszám kategóriái közötti különbség folyamatosan nőtt. 2021-ben a kisvállalkozások és a középvállalkozások között 18,5 százalékpont, a középvállalkozások és a nagyvállalatok adatait tekintve 23,2 százalékpontos különbség volt. A legnagyobb differencia a kisvállalkozások és a nagyvállalatok adatai között látható, amely 2021-ben 41,7 százalékpontot jelentett.
Higher Education Educator Roles in Developing Entrepreneurship
Authors: Vizdák Károly , Katonáné Kovács Judit
Published: September 2023

In universities, there has been a strong tradition of knowledge development in recent decades, where the emphasis in education has been on knowledge transfer rather than skill development. In the labour market, by contrast, the focus is increasingly on skills enhancement. Where is the balance, taking in mind that the educator is part of the educational environment and different stakeholders of the system expect different roles from them? What is an excellent teacher like, in our modern world, who is ready to face these challenges, invests energy, shows interest in students and excels in shaping the learning environment around them in a positive way? What are the approaches that are most needed in entrepreneurship education? Our paper seeks to continue the dialogue around these burning questions and comes to the conclusion that educators are important stakeholders in entrepreneurship education. Clarification and development of their roles, their job-fitness, needs more attention and further research.
The effect of funcionalized ethylene-n-octene copolymer on mechanical properties of bioPET with organic waste fillers
Authors: Rusin-Żurek Karina , Kuciel Stanisław , Kurańska Maria
Published: September 2023

The effect of compatibilizer - ethylene-n-octene copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride(EOC-g-MAH) used in the amount of 3 wt% on tensile and flexural properties and impact strengthof bioPET with the addition of 10 wt% filler derived from organic waste (egg and mollusc shells, coffeegrounds) was investigated. EOC-g-MAH slightly decreased tensile strength, flexural strength, andmodulus of elasticity, while significantly increasing impact strength (up to 426%). Moreover, ability ofbioPET-based composites to dissipate mechanical energy was improved.
Lithology classification of igneous rocks using C-band and L-band dual-polarization SAR data
Authors: Guo Senmiao , Yang Changbao , Han Liguo , Feng Yuze , Zhao Jianming
Published: September 2023

Distinguishing different kinds of igneous rocks is difficult because of their subtle differences. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is sensitive to rock surface morphology, which can help a lot in classification. Dual-pol SAR data have the advantages of low cost, but few articles are using only dual-pol SAR data for igneous rock classification. In this study, we explored the performance of dual-pol SAR data in distinguishing granitoid, tuff, and syenite porphyry. Backscatter coefficients, polarization decomposition parameters, and texture features from gray-level co-occurrence matrix extracted by Sentinel-1 or PALSAR were classified using several machine learning algorithms. The results are as follows. First, the texture information has greater potential for igneous rock classification, but the polarization decomposition parameters contribute less. Second, after comparing machine learning algorithms, AdaBoost algorithm has the highest overall accuracy for either C-band or L-band SAR data. C-band SAR data provide better classification results than L-band. Finally, tuff is the easiest igneous rock to be successfully classified, and L-band dual-pol SAR data have advantages in the discrimination of syenite porphyry. This study outlines the effectiveness of dual-pol SAR data for igneous rock classification, which will help to select SAR data of appropriate wavelengths for specific types of lithology discrimination.
Fatal heat stroke based on foudroyant irreversible multiple organ dysfunction in German summer
Authors: Lorenz Eric , Herold Joerg , Lodes Uwe , Meyer Frank
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Heat stroke is a serious condition that might lead from moderate organ impairment to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Appropriate diagnosis-finding, fast initiation of cooling and intensive care are key measures of the initial treatment. Scientific case report based on i) clinical experiences obtained in the clinical management of a particularly rare case and ii) selected references from the medical scientific literature.

Case presentation

We present a case of a young and healthy construction worker who suffered from an exertional heat stroke with a body core temperature exceeding 42 °C by previous several hour work at 35 °C ambient temperature. Heat stroke was associated with foudroyant, not reversible multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, in particular, early disturbed coagulation, microcirculatory, liver and respiratory failure, and subsequent fatal outcome despite immediate diagnosis-finding, rapid external cooling and expanded intensive care management.

Conclusions

Basic knowledge on an adequate diagnosis(-finding in time) and treatment of heat stroke is important for (almost each) physician in the summertime as well as is essential for the initiation of an appropriate management. Associated high morbidity and mortality rates indicate the need for implementation of standard operation protocols.
30 Jahre Vertrag von Maastricht
Authors: Issing Otmar
Published: September 2023

Mit der Ratifizierung durch alle Mitgliedstaaten der EU trat der Maastricht-Vertrag am 1. November 1993 in Kraft. Dieser Vertrag schuf die rechtliche Grundlage für die Errichtung einer Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion. Diese sollte spätestens am 1. Januar 1999 beginnen. Nach anfänglich 11 Mitgliedstaaten ist die Zahl der Mitglieder inzwischen auf 20 gestiegen. Mit weiteren ist zu rechnen, was für den Erfolg des Vorhabens spricht. Dem steht teils fundamentale Kritik entgegen. Wie Otmar Issing, der einstige Chefökonom der Deutschen Bundesbank sowie Gründungs-Chefvolkswirt der Europäischen Zentralbank, in diesem Beitrag schreibt, übersieht diese Kritik jedoch meist, dass jede alternative Weichenstellung ihre eigenen Konflikte und Probleme aufgewiesen hätte. Für die Weiterexistenz der Union spreche allein schon die Tatsache, dass die Politik sehr viel Kapital in das Vorhaben investiert habe.
Für eine menschenwürdige Ordnung
Authors: Horn Karen
Published: September 2023

Die Veröffentlichung der Briefe des bedeutenden deutschen Nationalökonomen Walter Eucken aus den Jahren 1907–1932 ist ein Ereignis. Wie Karen Horn in diesem kurzen Hinweis schreibt, bilden sie den Auftakt der lange ausstehenden Gesamtedition des Eucken’schen Werks – und der Nachlass birgt noch weitere Schätze. Gleichzeitig ist nun auch die erste Eucken-Biographie erschienen. Beide Bücher bieten tiefe Einblicke in die geistige Verwurzelung und Entwicklung eines Gelehrten in dramatischer Zeit. Sein Erbe ist bis heute von großer Bedeutung.
Modification of the structure and properties of oxide layers on aluminium alloys: A review
Authors: Korzekwa Joanna
Published: September 2023

Aluminium alloys are a material that is increasingly used in industry. This is due to very good strength properties with low specific weight and low production costs. The disadvantage of kinematic system aluminium elements is their surface’s susceptibility to adhesive wear. One method of eliminating the adverse impact of adhesive tacks on the surfaces of cooperating aluminium components of machinery is the application of the method based on the anodic oxidation of alloys surface. The layers obtained by this method are widely used in sliding connections of kinematic machine parts. The modification of anodic oxide layers with admixtures has been an uninterrupted area of interest since the 1990s. This article is a review of selected methods of modifying the structure and properties of aluminium oxide layers on aluminium alloys.
Donald Trump, anti-establishment populism and the revolving door between business and politics in the United States
Authors: Kinderman Daniel
Published: September 2023

Revolving door dynamics are pervasive in the United States. There are vast literatures on the revolving door and on Donald Trump, but so far, no attempts to bring these literatures together. This paper represents a first attempt to do so and answer the following questions: Can Trump’s rise be understood as a culmination of revolving door dynamics, under which managers become politicians and politicians become lobbyists? What motivated Trump to revolve, and how has Trump’s presidency affected the revolving door? The paper places Trump into the context of the revolving door and compares him with previous presidents and presidential candidates. In recent decades, revolving door activity has increased. While this suggests that the revolving door paved the way for Trump, a close examination of the evidence reveals a more complex picture. Many American businesspeople have unsuccessfully run for president. Like the businessmen-turned-presidents who preceded him, Trump is a family businessman, not a manager or a CEO of a listed company. A multitude of additional factors contributed to Trump’s 2016 win including his status as a reality TV celebrity, his charisma, and his right-wing populism: Trump is from business but not from the business establishment. In addition, Trump revolved from business into politics, rather than from Capitol Hill to K Street. Candidate Trump railed against the revolving door and pledged to drain the swamp. President Trump swamped the drain and precipitated one of the most serious crises and threats to American democracy in the country’s history.
METODOLOGIAS LÚDICAS E CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Soares Cardozo Emanuélle , Barreto Alves Johny , Custódio da Silva Geysi , Silveira das Neves Stéfany , Barreto Pereira Vaneza , Magalhães Pinto Viter
Published: September 2023

As mudanças climáticas são transformações a longo prazo nos padrões de temperatura e clima.Esse fenômeno, que foi observado em toda a história da Terra, pode ter origem natural ouantrópica. Entretanto, a partir da revolução industrial, as atividades antrópicas têm impulsionadode forma cada vez mais extrema as mudanças climáticas, principalmente devido à queima decombustíveis fósseis como carvão, petróleo e gás. Neste contexto, a divulgação científica exerceum papel fundamental na disseminação do conhecimento. O Grupo de Estudos em Geociências(GEOS) é um projeto vinculado à Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), cujo eixo de extensãotem como intuito promover a divulgação e a popularização geocientífica. O presente estudo temcomo objetivo apresentar o processo criativo da cartilha intitulada de “Vamos conhecer nossoPlaneta? – Mudanças Climáticas em metodologias lúdicas”. O material didático é composto porcinco tópicos, que abrangem um tema introdutório conceitual, seguido de temáticas relacionadas ao aumento do efeito estufa, as principais fontes de energia renováveis e não renováveis, o desmatamento, a adaptação e atualidades. Cada tópico é composto por um texto explicativoe atividades lúdicas. O material foi elaborado utilizando uma linguagem simples e exemplos docotidiano dos alunos. Tais características possibilitam que os temas científicos apresentadossejam trabalhados em sala de aula de forma lúdica, gerando e promovendo o conhecimentogeocientífico no contexto das mudanças climáticas.
Two-Step Actions of Testicular Androgens in the Organization of a Male-Specific Neural Pathway from the Medial Preoptic Area to the Ventral Tegmental Area for Modulating Sexually Motivated Behavior
Authors: Morishita Masahiro , Kobayashi Kaito , Mitsuzuka Moeri , Takagi Ryo , Ono Kota , Momma Rami , Tsuneoka Yousuke , Horio Shuhei , Tsukahara Shinji
Published: September 2023

The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors. The sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the MPOA has been studied to understand sexual dimorphism, although the anatomy and physiology of the SDN is not fully understood. Here, we characterized SDN neurons that contribute to sexual dimorphism and investigated the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such neurons and their roles in social behaviors. A target-specific neuroanatomical study using transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control ofCalb1, a gene expressed abundantly in the SDN, revealed that SDN neurons are divided into two subpopulations, GABA neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where they link to the dopamine system (CalbVTAneurons), and GABA neurons that extend axons in the MPOA or project to neighboring regions (CalbnonVTAneurons). CalbVTAneurons were abundant in males, but were scarce or absent in females. There was no difference in the number of CalbnonVTAneurons between sexes. Additionally, we found that emergence of CalbVTAneurons requires two testicular androgen actions that occur first in the postnatal period and second in the peripubertal period. Chemogenetic analyses of CalbVTAneurons indicated a role in modulating sexual motivation in males. Knockdown ofCalb1in the MPOA reduced the intromission required for males to complete copulation. These findings provide strong evidence that a male-specific neural pathway from the MPOA to the VTA is organized by the two-step actions of testicular androgens for the modulation of sexually motivated behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe MPOA is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors, although its sexual dimorphism is not fully understood. Here, we describe a population of MPOA neurons that contribute to the sexual dimorphism. These neurons only exist in masculinized brains, and they project their axons to the ventral tegmental area, where they link to the dopamine system. Emergence of such neurons requires two testicular androgen actions that occur first in the postnatal period and second in the peripubertal period. These MPOA neurons endow masculinized brains with a neural pathway from the MPOA to the ventral tegmental area and modulate sexually motivated behavior in males.
Temporal Dynamics of Brain Activity Predicting Sense of Agency over Muscle Movements
Authors: Veillette John P. , Lopes Pedro , Nusbaum Howard C.
Published: September 2023

Our muscles are the primary means through which we affect the external world, and the sense of agency (SoA) over the action through those muscles is fundamental to our self-awareness. However, SoA research to date has focused almost exclusively on agency over action outcomes rather than over the musculature itself, as it was believed that SoA over the musculature could not be manipulated directly. Drawing on methods from human–computer interaction and adaptive experimentation, we use human-in-the-loop Bayesian optimization to tune the timing of electrical muscle stimulation so as to robustly elicit a SoA over electrically actuated muscle movements in male and female human subjects. We use time-resolved decoding of subjects' EEG to estimate the time course of neural activity which predicts reported agency on a trial-by-trial basis. Like paradigms which assess SoA over action consequences, we found that the late (post-conscious) neural activity predicts SoA. Unlike typical paradigms, however, we also find patterns of early (sensorimotor) activity with distinct temporal dynamics predicts agency over muscle movements, suggesting that the “neural correlates of agency” may depend on the level of abstraction (i.e., direct sensorimotor feedback versus downstream consequences) most relevant to a given agency judgment. Moreover, fractal analysis of the EEG suggests that SoA-contingent dynamics of neural activity may modulate the sensitivity of the motor system to external input.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe sense of agency, the feeling of “I did that,” when directing one's own musculature is a core feature of human experience. We show that we can robustly manipulate the sense of agency over electrically actuated muscle movements, and we investigate the time course of neural activity that predicts the sense of agency over these actuated movements. We find evidence of two distinct neural processes: a transient sequence of patterns that begins in the early sensorineural response to muscle stimulation and a later, sustained signature of agency. These results shed light on the neural mechanisms by which we experience our movements as volitional.
Glial Cell Adhesion Molecule (GlialCAM) Determines Proliferative versus Invasive Cell States in Glioblastoma
Authors: De Arpan , Lattier John M. , Morales John E. , Kelly Jack R. , Zheng Xiaofeng , Chen Zhihua , Sebastian Sumod , Nassiri Toosi Zahra , Huse Jason T. , Lang Frederick F. , McCarty Joseph H.
Published: September 2023

The malignant brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) contains groups of highly invasive cells that drive tumor progression as well as recurrence after surgery and chemotherapy. The molecular mechanisms that enable these GBM cells to exit the primary mass and disperse throughout the brain remain largely unknown. Here we report using human tumor specimens and primary spheroids from male and female patients that glial cell adhesion molecule (GlialCAM), which has normal roles in brain astrocytes and is mutated in the developmental brain disorder megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC), is differentially expressed in subpopulations of GBM cells. High levels of GlialCAM promote cell–cell adhesion and a proliferative GBM cell state in the tumor core. In contrast, GBM cells with low levels of GlialCAM display diminished proliferation and enhanced invasion into the surrounding brain parenchyma. RNAi-mediated inhibition of GlialCAM expression leads to activation of proinvasive extracellular matrix adhesion and signaling pathways. Profiling GlialCAM-regulated genes combined with cross-referencing to single-cell transcriptomic datasets validates functional links among GlialCAM, Mlc1, and aquaporin-4 in the invasive cell state. Collectively, these results reveal an important adhesion and signaling axis comprised of GlialCAM and associated proteins including Mlc1 and aquaporin-4 that is critical for control of GBM cell proliferation and invasion status in the brain cancer microenvironment.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGlioblastoma (GBM) contains heterogeneous populations of cells that coordinately drive proliferation and invasion. We have discovered that glial cell adhesion molecule (GlialCAM)/hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HepaCAM) is highly expressed in proliferative GBM cells within the tumor core. In contrast, GBM cells with low levels of GlialCAM robustly invade into surrounding brain tissue along blood vessels and white matter. Quantitative RNA sequencing identifies various GlialCAM-regulated genes with functions in cell–cell adhesion and signaling. These data reveal that GlialCAM and associated signaling partners, including Mlc1 and aquaporin-4, are key factors that determine proliferative and invasive cell states in GBM.
Defective branched‐chain amino acid catabolism in dorsal root ganglia contributes to mechanical pain
Authors: Xie Huijing , Li Ju , Lian Nan , Xie Min , Wu Minming , Tang Kuo , Kang Yi , Lu Peilin , Li Tao
Published: September 2023

Impaired branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has recently been implicated in the development of mechanical pain, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that defective BCAA catabolism in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons sensitizes mice to mechanical pain by increasing lactate production and expression of the mechanotransduction channel Piezo2. In high‐fat diet‐fed obese mice, we observed the downregulation of PP2Cm, a key regulator of the BCAA catabolic pathway, in DRG neurons. Mice with conditional knockout of PP2Cm in DRG neurons exhibit mechanical allodynia under normal or SNI‐induced neuropathic injury conditions. Furthermore, the VAS scores in the plasma of patients with peripheral neuropathic pain are positively correlated with BCAA contents. Mechanistically, defective BCAA catabolism in DRG neurons promotes lactate production through glycolysis, which increases H3K18la modification and drives Piezo2 expression. Inhibition of lactate production or Piezo2 silencing attenuates the pain phenotype of knockout mice in response to mechanical stimuli. Therefore, our study demonstrates a causal role of defective BCAA catabolism in mechanical pain by enhancing metabolite‐mediated epigenetic regulation.
Turning up the heat on essential E. coli genes
Authors: Kumar Arun , Stirling Peter C
Published: September 2023

Temperature‐sensitive (TS) alleles create tunable thermoswitches to deplete essential cellular activities and are used to dissect gene function. In their recent study, Link and colleagues (Schramm et al 2023) use a CRISPR‐based approach to systematically create TS alleles across essential genes in E. coli.
Rancang Bangun Turbine Micro Hydro
Authors: Rizal Yose , Wijaya Suryana Bayu , AL Muhyi Syahid Tri Kusuma Wijaya , Taufik Muhamad
Published: September 2023

Design of a Mini Hydro Turbine-based Hydro Power Plant as an effort to maximize Renewable Energy in Indonesia.
GIS-BASED LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT OF THE UZH RIVER BASIN: A STRATEGY TO ENHANCE RIVER WATER QUALITY
Authors:   Polissia National University, FEDONIUK T. P. , SKYDAN O. V. ,   Polissia National University, MELNYCHUK T. V. ,   Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve, ZYMAROIEVA A. A. ,   Polissia National University, PAZYCH V. M. ,   Polissia National University
Published: September 2023

The article includes the findings of a study on the Uzh River basin’s surface water’s quality. This region is extremely important because a fraction of it is radioactively contaminated because of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident. Considering this, the goal of this work was to conduct a geo-informational analysis of the state and structure of the landscapes of the Uzh River basin, to identify the surface water quality parameters of this region, and to identify potential correlations between these parameters. For this purpose, we spatially divided the territory of the basin into separate massifs, in each of which, using the method of automatic decoding, we determined the ratio of the structural components of landscapes, their disturbance by erosion processes, and compared them with ground data on the quality of surface water of the massifs. According to the salt composition, all the investigated massifs have good quality conditions. The Uzh River and its tributaries should be categorized as 4 (slightly polluted) based on the average values of the trophosaprobological state, but the extreme values in some places shifted to 5 (moderately polluted). Most of the listed toxic substances were present at average levels and, for the most part, did not exceed the permitted concentrations for category 4-slightly polluted. Extreme concentrations frequently reached category 6 (polluted), which was primarily brought on by anthropogenic activity and the buildup of radioactive materials. It was found that the degree of erosive landscape destruction and the degree of landscape stabilization significantly influence the value of the integrated water quality index. Since the collected data, a three-dimensional model was developed, allowing for accurate evaluations and projections of changes in the quality of surface water based on the structural characteristics of the land shafts. Considering that some of these territories are currently in the zone of radioactive contamination, the planning of changes in the landscape structure should be coordinated with the potential risks of surface water quality deterioration, and the model proposed in this article will have significant applied value in addressing this issue.
Modern Russia: Nostalgia for Empire and Attempts at Political and Cultural Revenge
Authors: Danylenko Viktor
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes causes and consequences of Russian great-power chauvinism, revanchism and cultural colonialism, as well as their ideological basis. The ideology and practice of the dominant Russian nation led to the fact that already by the late 20th century, half of the peoples of Russia had lost their national languages due to assimilation. Only 18 ethnic groups have retained their native languages as a language of education in the Russian Federation, and by international standards it is a mono-ethnic country. Russia’s after-1917 and after-1991 attempts at democratic development failed. With the adoption of a new constitution in 1993, the restoration of a model of managed elections led to the establishment of autocratic power since 1999. Control of the market and the so-called elites, neutralization of opposition and democratic initiatives, unification of history to align it with the vision of Russia's leader were gradual steps of Putin, who declared his mission of the collector of “Russian” lands. The loss in the global competition in the field of modern technology, archaic economy, low life quality and expectancy gave rise to the desire of the Russian ruling elite to take revenge for lost positions. The transformation of chauvinistic ideas, framed into the formula Autocracy – Orthodoxy – Nationality, gave rise to Russia’s claims to world leadership in the realm of spiritual values. this trends have emerged in other countries, particularly in Hungary, where there are certain forces striving to restore Great Hungary. Among reasons for the Russian-Ukrainian war, analysts call historical reasons as well. Granting of Tomos to the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, as well as of both the visa free regime and European perspective have nullified Russia, depriving it of its historical past and panoramic future. So, history has become a weapon. Russian imperialist culture, built on stolen values, history, appropriated names and on the glorification of war, cannot be the foundation of statehood. For Ukraine, the current war is existential. For our comprehensive victory, apart from de-communization and de-Russification, there is also a need to decolonise Ukraine’s economic, political, and cultural life.
Field research: arrangement, conducting, and analytics
Authors: Kamenska Tetiana
Published: September 2023

The article clarifies how sociological research methodology is adjusting to the current changes taking place in Ukrainian society. The goal is to specify some aspects of phenomena research, and to concentrate on field research from historiography, theoretical background, and to certain procedures of gathering information and its analysis. Based on the works of famous German qualitative methodology experts we also referred to M. Heidegger’s works to be more specific about “phenomenon” definition. We have proved that phenomena are some things and processes not fully appeared which we can discover, and which in scientific discourse must be distinguished from appearance. The word “appearance” tells for itself — it is that which has already appeared. Some definitions on field research taken from the works of German sociologists allowed reconfirmation of this methodology to be used in researches of the current Ukrainian social reality. Such components of field research as “observation” and “conversation” were given the following new characteristics: systematized role behavior of a researcher-observer, and authorial vision of structuring data and observation results. The analytical processing of sociological data was held in the frame of grounded theory (by Anselm Strauss and Judith Corbin), and the method of qualitative content-analysis of conversations was tested and endorsed through the example of research among rural population. Drawing on the results of three types of coding (open, axial, and selective) we have built up a mini-theory of the phenomenon of how population in small towns and villages in Odessa region take representatives of local authorities in everyday life. In comparison with operational definition the analysis result based on the strategy of mini-theory consists of five parts where we start out from the “history line”, then we find out how the past influences the contemporary state of a researched phenomenon, describe context, subjects’ actions and counteractions, and determine the consequences.
Sociocultural aspects of spatial development
Authors: Shcherbyna Viktor
Published: September 2023

Spatial development is one of the factors in the formation of society, and the policy of conscious spatial development is the most important component of transitions to new technological and sociocultural ways of life. The article deals with the problem of theoretical understanding of spatial development, as well as the author’s concept of its study and approach to the formation of relevant policies. The author proposes distinguishing between “developed” societies, capable of purposefully shaping their own space, and “undeveloped” ones, capable only of adapting to spontaneous changes in their own space. In the political sense, the task of spatial development is to form, through a complex impact on society, stable systemic integral formations of joint life activity. The article highlights two strategies for spatial development — revolutionary and evolutionary. Along with them, the author proposes using the concept of the cultural diversity of society as a tool for analyzing sociocultural environments. According to the author’s approach, it is necessary to study the sociocultural environment in a particular territory as a unique composition of social practices, historically self-reproducing on the basis of typological cultural patterns — traditional, modern, and communicative. The author comes to the conclusion that spatial development strategies focused only on one cultural pattern lead to the fact that part of the population starts to perceive the policy of implementing spatial development programs as alien to them, and this creates additional tension in the processes of transformation of societies. Therefore, in the process of deploying spatial development projects, along with economic studies on the characteristics of social space, it is necessary to conduct studies of the cultural patterns that are inherent in the people who form it. The author believes that the harmonization of social practices that are formed on the basis of and within the framework of various cultural patterns is one of the tasks of the policy of spatial development and a factor in the sustainability of society. Therefore, cultural policy should imply comprehensive support for the development of all cultural patterns on the basis of a dialogue of cultures. Regulators from different modes of life provide social communication and exchange on the scale of familial, tribal, communal integrity, as well as on the scale of nation-state and global communities. Therefore, their support is necessary for the reproduction of society in present-day conditions.
Dependence of hardness and other properties of gray iron on its carbon equivalent and degree of eutecticity
Authors: Sirenko К. A. , Mazur V. L. , Derecha D. О.
Published: September 2023

The chemical composition, carbon equivalent and properties of castings from unalloyed and low-alloyed gray irons with lamellar graphite of various grades from СЧ100 to СЧА400 were analyzed in accordance with DSTU 8833:2019. There is a reference to such cast iron in the technical conditions for brake pads made of composite materials (rubber mixtures), in particular, for the production of cast iron inserts. Other products for railway transport are also made from cast iron СЧ350, for example, the friction “Khanin wedge”. It is shown that in industrial batches of the “Khanin wedge”, cast from cast iron СЧ350, the hardness did not correlate either with the content of elements in the chemical composition of the cast iron, or with the carbon equivalent due to the narrow range of its values even within the cast iron of the same grade. According to DSTU 8833:2019, with an increase in the carbon equivalent in the possible regulated range of values (%) from 3.03 to 4.54, the Brinell hardness of HB monotonically decreases by approximately 1.54...1.57, and the coefficient of thermal conductivity increases by almost one and a half times. Reducing the sulfur content in the chemical composition from 0.20 to 0.05 % of CH350 cast iron significantly reduces the range of dispersion of the carbon equivalent. The parameters (mean values, mean square deviations and coefficients of variation) of the carbon equivalent and the degree of eutecticity of the chemical composition of cast irons with lamellar graphite of brands from СЧ100 to СЧА400 were determined by means of statistical tests using the Monte Carlo method. It is shown that due to the significant dispersion of the values of the carbon equivalent of the chemical composition, hardness, coefficient of thermal conductivity, strength, density, modulus of elasticity, linear shrinkage, heat capacity, coefficient of linear expansion of cast iron with lamellar graphite of grades from СЧ100 to СЧА400 according to DSTU 8833:2019, it is necessary from the specified list grades of cast iron to determine and regulate in the technical conditions for composite brake pads a specific grade of cast iron intended for the manufacture of inserts in such pads.
Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Children and Adolescents With or at Risk for Diabetes
Authors: Neyman Anna , Hannon Tamara S. ,   COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Corkins Mark R. , Blanco Cynthia L. , Fuchs George J. , Goday Praveen S. , Hannon Tamara S. , Lindsey C. Wesley , Rome Ellen S. , Bremer Andrew , Lotze Andrea , Perrine Cria , Sant’Anna Ana , Funanich Cheryl , Burrowes Debra L.
Published: September 2023

Carbohydrate restriction is increasingly popular as a weight loss strategy and for achieving better glycemic control in people with diabetes, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, evidence to support low-carbohydrate diets in youth (children and adolescents 2–18 years of age) with obesity or diabetes is limited. There are no guidelines for restricting dietary carbohydrate consumption to reduce risk for diabetes or improve diabetes outcomes in youth. Thus, there is a need to provide practical recommendations for pediatricians regarding the use of low-carbohydrate diets in patients who elect to follow these diets, including those with type 1 diabetes and for patients with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes.

This clinical report will: Provide background on current dietary patterns in youth, describe how moderate-, low-, and very low-carbohydrate diets differ, and review safety concerns associated with the use of these dietary patternsReview the physiologic rationale for carbohydrate reduction in youth with type 1 diabetes and for youth with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetesReview the evidence for low-carbohydrate diets in the management of youth with type 1 diabetesReview the evidence for low-carbohydrate diets in the management of youth with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetesProvide practical information for pediatricians counseling families and youth on carbohydrate recommendations for type 1 diabetes and for obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes
Deaths: Leading Causes for 2020
Authors: Curtin Sally , Tejada-Vera Betzaida , Bastian Brigham
Published: September 2023

This report provides health data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
The effect of prickly pear pericarp mucilage (Opuntia robusta Wendl. var.robusta) on spray drying of prickly pear juic
Authors: Márquez-Lemus Mario , Cano-Sampedro Edén , Alamilla-Beltrán Liliana , Mora-Escobedo Rosalva
Published: September 2023

Mexico is the main producer of prickly pear worldwide with more than 250 thousand tons per year. The prickly pear is marketed fresh, discarding the pericarp, which represents approximately 50 % of the fruit. We take advantage of the pericarp of the prickly pear to extract the mucilage. This was mixed with maltodextrin in 4 proportions (P1, 50%; P2, 33.3 %; P3, 25 %, and P4, 20 %) and was used to spray dry prickly pear juice (Opuntia robusta Wendl. var. robusta). Prickly pear juice powders were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, antioxidant capacity, betalain content, and color. The addition of mucilage decreased the yield and the glass transition temperature; increased the moisture, the water activity, and the antioxidant capacity of the powders obtained by spray drying. However, P3 is a powder with low moisture and water activity, smooth surface, small particle size, and deep violet color. This powder has the potential to be applied in the food industry. In addition, it offers an alternative to the marketing of tuna juice.
Cubrebocas, residuos en sitios turísticos de Nayarit, México.
Authors: Ramos-Ramírez Lesset del Consuelo , Avelino Flores Fabiola , Tapia Varela José Raúl , Medina-Carrillo Raquel Enedina
Published: September 2023

La pandemia de COVID-19 trajo consigo uso de equipo de protección personal, principalmente cubrebocas. La gran cantidad de ellos que se utilizan diariamente y su inadecuada disposición final, los han convertido un problema ambiental. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la presencia de residuos de cubrebocas como contaminantes ambientales. Mediante la recolección de dichos residuos, en cinco sitios turísticos (urbanos, de playa y un lago) de Nayarit, México, durante cinco meses de los años 2021 y 2022. Se obtuvo mayor presencia de este tipo de residuos durante el año 2022. Prevalecieron más cubrebocas utilizados por adultos que por infantes. Finalmente, las zonas urbanas mostraron una mayor densidad de cubrebocas que el resto de las zonas analizadas. Se concluye que es necesario que se implementen medidas adecuadas para la correcta disposición de los residuos generados con la pandemia.