bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure Design and Kinematic Modeling of a Robotic Bird Attitude Transformation Mechanism Based on Avian Flight Characteristics
Authors: Pu Wenyang , Shen Qiang , Lu Yiming , Yan Yaojie , Yang Yuhang
Published: February 2025

Birds are capable of bidirectional changes in wing morphology, transitioning from folded to extended states or vice versa during takeoff and landing. However, most bird-like robots struggle with wing folding, resulting in poor biomimicry and an inability to meet the attitude requirements for flapping wings in multimodal movements. This paper presents a multi-motor solution with an attitude transformation mechanism based on a crank-rocker structure, enabling the wings to transition between folded and extended states while performing flapping, twisting, sweeping, bending, and their coupled motions. A kinematic model of the mechanism is developed, and the length constraints of the main linkages during key movements are derived. A prototype is designed and tested to evaluate the primary flight attitudes required for both basic and multimodal movements. The test results demonstrate that the attitude transformation mechanism, through coordinated motor operation, can replicate the wing movements of birds during different flight phases, allowing the robotic bird’s flapping wings to achieve bird-like flexibility in motion. The key angles of the wing motion were measured using a motion capture system, confirming the accuracy of the kinematic model.
Advances in Wearable Biosensors for Wound Healing and Infection Monitoring
Authors: Vo Dang-Khoa , Trinh Kieu The Loan
Published: February 2025

Wound healing is a complicated biological process that is important for restoring tissue integrity and function after injury. Infection, usually due to bacterial colonization, significantly complicates this process by hindering the course of healing and enhancing the chances of systemic complications. Recent advances in wearable biosensors have transformed wound care by making real-time monitoring of biomarkers such as pH, temperature, moisture, and infection-related metabolites like trimethylamine and uric acid. This review focuses on recent advances in biosensor technologies designed for wound management. Novel sensor architectures, such as flexible and stretchable electronics, colorimetric patches, and electrochemical platforms, enable the non-invasive detection of changes associated with wounds with high specificity and sensitivity. These are increasingly combined with AI and analytics based on smartphones that can enable timely and personalized interventions. Examples are the PETAL patch sensor that applies multiple sensing mechanisms for wide-ranging views on wound status and closed-loop systems that connect biosensors to therapeutic devices to automate infection control. Additionally, self-powered biosensors that tap into body heat or energy from the biofluids themselves avoid any external batteries and are thus more effective in field use or with limited resources. Internet of Things connectivity allows further support for remote sharing and monitoring of data, thus supporting telemedicine applications. Although wearable biosensors have developed relatively rapidly and their prospects continue to expand, regular clinical application is stalled by significant challenges such as regulatory, cost, patient compliance, and technical problems related to sensor accuracy, biofouling, and power, among others, that need to be addressed by innovative solutions. The goal of this review is to synthesize current trends, challenges, and future directions in wound healing and infection monitoring, with emphasis on the potential for wearable biosensors to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burdens. These innovations are leading the way toward next-generation wound care by bridging advanced materials science, biotechnology, and digital health.
Association of Risk-Taking Behaviors, Vestibular Provocation and Action Boundary Perception Following Sport-Related Concussion in Adolescents
Authors: Eagle Shawn R. , Kontos Anthony P. , Flanagan Shawn D. , Connaboy Christopher
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between risk-taking behaviors, vestibular symptoms/impairment and perception–action coupling behavior in recently concussed adolescents. Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design to evaluate the early effects of concussion on 12–18-year-old adolescents (n = 47) recruited from a concussion specialty clinic at their presenting clinical appointment. The Perception–Action Coupling Task (PACT) was used to assess action boundary perception by evaluating the participant’s ability to quickly and accurately determine whether a virtual “ball” fits in a virtual “hole”. Accuracy, response time and inverse efficiency were evaluated at the 0.8 and 1.2 ratios of ball–hole pairings, where 0.8 indicates the ball was slightly smaller than the hole and 1.2 indicates the ball was slightly larger than the hole. The Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) is a computerized test which measures risk-taking behavior by “pumping” up a balloon. Each pump provides a small amount of virtual money into their bank; the goal is to make as much money as possible without popping the virtual balloon. The Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool is a brief screening tool designed to identify ocular or vestibular dysfunction following sport-related concussion, where horizontal/vertical vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) and visual motion sensitivity (VMS) are the primary vestibular outcomes. Pearson correlation matrices were developed to evaluate the association between BART, VOMS and PACT outcomes within the study cohort of concussed adolescents. Results: PACT inverse efficiency at the 1.2 ball–hole ratio was significantly correlated with all three VOMS outcomes (r = 0.33–0.37). The standard deviation of pump reaction time during BART was significantly correlated with accuracy (r = −0.47) and inverse efficiency (r = 0.42) at the 1.2 ratio. The standard deviation of the total number of pumps during BART was significantly correlated with PACT response time at the 1.2 ratio (r = 0.34). Horizontal VOR correlated with balloons collected (r = −0.30) and balloons popped (r = −0.30). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that risk-taking behaviors and vestibular symptoms/impairment are associated with worse action boundary perception in adolescents following concussion. This relationship is more pronounced in male adolescents than females.
The Relationship Between Concussion and Combat History and Mental Health and Suicide Ideation Among United States Military Veterans—A Pilot Study
Authors: Bruce Scott L. , Cooper Michael R. , Farmer Carly , Folsom Audrey , Fulton Melanie , Haskins Jana , Knight Cheryl , Moore Carlitta M. , Shollenbarger Amy , Wade Rashele , Walz Stacy , Wilkins Rachel , Wellborn Rebbecca , West Eric , Youngman Kendall
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Suicides among U.S. military veterans are alarmingly high, driven by factors such as mental health issues, combat exposure, and history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/concussion. This study aims to examine the relationship between concussion history, combat experience, and their effects on mental health issues and suicide ideation among military veterans. Additionally, this study investigates the impact of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on these variables. Methods: A total of 78 veterans (62 males, 16 females) participated in this study. Participants completed a demographic survey and the Global Well-being Index (GWI) to assess concussion history and residual symptoms. A licensed social worker interviewed the veterans using the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder survey (7 Items) (GAD-7) for anxiety, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) for suicide ideation. A 2 × 2 cross-tabulation analysis examined the relationships between concussion history, combat experience, and outcomes of anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation. PTSD was also assessed as both a predictor and an outcome. Statistical analyses yielded odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), Chi-square, and Cramer’s V (V) correlations along with associated p-values. Results: The combination of concussion history and combat experience strongly predicted either anxiety, depression, or suicide ideation (OR = 7.97, 95% CI: 1.70, 37.44; V = 0.334, (p = 0.003)), more than either factor alone. Combat experience was the strongest predictor of PTSD (OR = 11.12, 95% CI: 3.30, 37.47; V = 0.485, p ≤ 0.001), both individually and when combined with concussion history. PTSD strongly influenced mental health issues and suicide ideation (OR = 8.16, 95% CI: 1.74, 38.25; V = 0.339, p = 0.003). Stratification by PTSD status (positive or negative) affected the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Small cell counts resulted in a wide 95% CI for some ORs, though some statistically significant Fisher’s Exact Test results were observed. Credibility analysis using the critical prior interval (CPI) metric confirmed the intrinsic credibility of the results. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the relationships between concussion history, combat experience, and their impacts on mental health issues and suicide ideation among military veterans.
Do Binding Moral Foundations Predict a Hypothetical Moral Behavior? The Moderating Role of the Perception of the In-Group Moral Standards
Authors: Kosic Ankica , Theodorou Annalisa , Leone Luigi
Published: February 2025

Previous studies have found a positive relationship between binding moral foundations and negative inter-group attitudes. Nevertheless, some studies have shown that, under specific conditions, binding foundations can also lead to positive outcomes, particularly within the intra-group context. In this research, we hypothesize that when people perceive that some in-group members violate moral norms, individuals with stronger binding moral foundations may exhibit a greater preference for moral choices in hypothetical moral dilemmas. This hypothesis was confirmed in Study 1 (N = 184) and replicated in Study 2 (N = 201), both conducted in Italy. In Study 1, we utilized a questionnaire containing the moral foundation questionnaire, while in Study 2, we employed moral foundation vignettes. In both studies, participants were presented with five scenarios describing hypothetical moral dilemmas that could occur in real-life settings. The findings indicate that binding moral foundations can lead to stronger preferences for moral choices in hypothetical moral dilemmas when the morality of the in-group is perceived to be under threat. These results are discussed in light of their implications for future research on binding foundations.
Mapping the Landscape of Restaurant Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Consumer Behavior, Organizational Behavior, and Finance Studies
Authors: Cao Yan , Raab Carola , Bergman Christine
Published: February 2025

Research published about the restaurant industry has experienced consistent growth over the past few decades. Yet, a comprehensive bibliometric review of this research has not been performed. This study aimed to perform such a review by examining peer-reviewed articles (n = 792) focused on restaurant business research published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Articles related to health or food science were not examined in this study. Articles were categorized as focusing on one of five types of restaurants (i.e., fast food, fast casual, casual dining, fine dining, and general restaurants), and the articles were analyzed within three research fields: consumer behavior, organizational behavior, and finance. The increasing number of research articles focused on the restaurant industry was found to have occurred during the same time as the number of hospitality scholars and the fast food restaurant sector expanded. Fast food restaurants received the most research attention and the fast casual types received the least. Consumer behavior research dominated the restaurant research, reflecting a focus on customer satisfaction and purchase intentions. Organizational behavior topics, such as workforce dynamics and organizational structure, received slightly less attention. Finance research was the least explored research field, likely due to its complexity and perceived indirect connection to consumer-facing outcomes. The study emphasizes the need for integrative research linking consumer behavior, organizational strategies, and financial decisions to provide a holistic understanding of restaurant performance and industry practices.
Engineering Amorphous CoNiRuOx Nanoparticles Grown on Nickel Foam for Boosted Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Shi Xiahui , Ye Qitong , Huang Quanbin , Ma Junhu , Liu Yipu , Lin Shiwei
Published: February 2025

Designing efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts is crucial for the large-scale development of sustainable hydrogen energy. Amorphous catalysts hold great promise for application due to their structural flexibility and high exposure of active sites. We report a novel method for the in situ growth of amorphous CoNiRuOx nanoparticle structures (CoNiRuOx/NF) on a nickel foam substrate. In 1 m KOH, CoNiRuOx/NF achieves a current density of 10 mA/cm2 with a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential of only 43 mV and remains stable for over 100 h at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. An alkaline electrolyzer assembled with CoNiRuOx/NF as the cathode delivers a current density 2.97 times higher than that of an IrO2||Pt/C electrode pair at the potential of 2 V and exhibits excellent long-term durability exceeding 100 h. Experimental results reveal that the combined replacement and corrosion reactions facilitate the formation of the amorphous CoNiRuOx structure. This work provides valuable insights for developing efficient and scalable amorphous catalysts.
One Month of Brief Weekly Magnetic Field Therapy Enhances the Anticancer Potential of Female Human Sera: Randomized Double-Blind Pilot Study
Authors: Iversen Jan Nikolas , Tai Yee Kit , Yap Jasmine Lye Yee , Abdul Razar Rafhanah Banu Binte , Sukumar Viresh Krishnan , Wu Kwan Yu , Ooi Melissa Gaik-Ming , Kukumberg Marek , Adam Sabrina , Rufaihah Abdul Jalil , Franco-Obregón Alfredo
Published: February 2025

Preclinical studies have shown that the blood from female mice exposed weekly to magnetic fields inhibited breast cancer growth. This double-blind randomized controlled trial investigated whether analogous magnetic therapy could produce similar anticancer sera from human subjects. Twenty-six healthy adult females (ages 30–45) were assigned to either a magnetic therapy group, receiving twice weekly 1 mT magnetic exposures (10 min/session) for 4 weeks, or a control group, who underwent identical sham exposure. Blood sera were evaluated for their capacity to modulate breast cancer-related cellular responses and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. The sera from the magnetic therapy group subjects exhibited significant anticancer effects that were strongest one month after the last magnetic exposure, whereas the sera from unexposed females or unexposed or exposed males showed no effect. Female sera from the magnetic therapy group (n = 12) reduced breast cancer cell proliferation (16.1%), migration (11.8%) and invasion (28.2%) and reduced the levels of key EMT markers relative to the control sera (n = 14). Magnetic therapy modulated the serum levels of angiogenic and myogenic biomarkers in a manner consistent with improved cancer management. Muscle-targeted magnetic therapy holds the potential to enhance the anticancer properties of human blood via an adaptive process, akin to exercise training.
Enzymatic Activity and Nutrient Profile Assessment of Three Pleurotus Species Under Pasteurized Cenchrus fungigraminus Cultivation
Authors: Aimable Nsanzinshuti , Mediatrice Hatungimana , Claude Irambona , Biregeya Jules , Hu Yingping , Zhou Hengyu , Liu Penghu , Li Jing , Lin Zhanxi , Lu Guodong , Lin Dongmei
Published: February 2025

Oyster mushrooms are regarded as one of the most significant edible mushrooms in terms of commercial value because of their rich nutritional profile. Many bioactive extracts from Pleurotus species have been found to exhibit antitumor and antioxidant activities. However, to grow oyster mushrooms in this study, the pasteurized Cenchrus fungigraminus was used as culture material, a type of grass that proliferates and has a high root growth rate. It contains high levels of sugar and protein and yields a large amount of biomass. Because of these characteristics, it is considered an efficient and cost-effective energy crop with various applications, including phytoremediation and fodder production. A pasteurization technique for this grass that is suited for the simplest formulation is simple and cost-effective for growing oyster mushrooms on small farms. This study used pasteurized Cenchrus fungigraminus as a substrate to grow three mushroom species: Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus florida. The aim was to evaluate their enzyme activities, growth rate, and yields. The findings demonstrated that the average growth rate of three species grown in pasteurized C. fungigraminus was between 25 days and 36 days. Therefore, the mycelium growth rate of P. ostreatus was faster than other pleurotus species in this study. The highest biological efficiency was recorded with P. ostreatus at 78.23%, then P. pulmonarius at 59.88, and lastly, 39.66% P. florida. The changes in five enzyme activities in distinct developmental stages of three different pleurotus species were evaluated. Therefore, the laccase had the highest peak with 13.8 U/g on the 20th day during the growth phase and gradually decreased to the fruiting body stage of P. ostreatus. The expression of manganese peroxidase reached the highest activity of 3.6 U/g in P. ostreatus compared to P. florida and P. pulmonarius on the 10th day. The expression of other enzymes varied between species and developmental phases. The results indicate the usefulness of pasteurized C. fungigraminus for cultivating Pleurotus species and expression enzyme activity in different Pleurotus species.
A Study of Variation in the Major Phenolic Acid Components of Dandelions Across Different Regions, and the Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Li Zhaojia , Meng Ran , Feng Wei , Wu Zhe , Lu Xuelin , Wang Xiuping , Sun Liangdan
Published: February 2025

This study explores the variation in the content of major phenolic acid components in dandelions from different regions, and the potential molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to analyze dandelion leaves collected from four different regions in Hebei Province across eight harvest periods. The results indicated that chlorogenic acid had the highest content (0.334–1.963%), suggesting that this could be a key evaluation index for dandelion leaf harvesting. Further molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and chicoric acid could competitively bind to the key amino acid residues (e.g., PHE-151, ILE-117) of the MD-2 protein, thereby preventing the insertion of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and inhibiting the formation of the TLR4/MD-2 complex, which elucidates their potential anti-inflammatory mechanism. Moreover, environmental factors significantly influenced the accumulation of phenolic acids in dandelions, with temperature, precipitation, soil pH, and altitude showing correlations with the content variation of major phenolic acids. These findings provide a scientific basis for determining the optimal harvesting period of dandelion leaves, and offer new insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of phenolic acids.
Research Progress on Post-Treatment Technologies of Cold Spray Coatings
Authors: Huang Yueyu , Li Haifeng , Liu Jianwu , Wu Zizhao , Wang Qun , Ramachandran Chidambaram Seshadri
Published: February 2025

Cold spraying (CS), also known as cold gas dynamic spraying or supersonic cold spraying, is a process in which particles collide with the substrate at a speed greater than the critical value and deposit layer by layer to form a coating. As an emerging coating preparation technology that has been developed rapidly in recent years, CS is characterized by a low deposition temperature, a minimal thermal effect on substrate, and a high deposition efficiency. It has received extensive attention from industry. However, the inherent high strength and low plasticity of CS coatings and the numerous defects present limit their wider application to some extent. Therefore, various post-treatment technologies are successfully applied to the CS coatings to improve their comprehensive performance. This paper reviews the latest research progress of common post-treatment techniques for CS coatings, including five categories: thermal, mechanical, thermo-mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical processing. A considerable amount of experimental research has demonstrated that post-treatment can effectively enhance the microstructure and properties of CS coatings, and this can serve as a powerful approach to expand the application scope of CS technology. In addition, the relevant post-processing parameters and corresponding results are summarized and compared systematically.
Advanced Techniques for Internal Temperature Monitoring in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review of Recent Developments
Authors: Pan Yuanyuan , Xu Ke , Chen Zhaoliang , Wang Kai
Published: February 2025

Temperature is the key monitoring measurement of lithium-ion battery condition monitoring, and it plays a very important role in battery life prediction, thermal runaway warning, and thermal management decision making. Therefore, this paper mainly summarizes the research status of internal temperature monitoring (ITM) method for lithium-ion batteries. Firstly, the lithium-ion battery ITM methods are divided into three types, namely temperature sensor, battery thermal model, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) types. The measurement principle, implementation difficulty, and measurement effect of the above ITM methods are different. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed and pointed out. In particular, the five latest ITM methods based on negative temperature coefficient (NTC) temperature sensor, optical fiber sensor, ultrasonic wireless sensor, electrochemical thermal coupling model, and multi-frequency EIS are introduced. Finally, based on the existing research, the future development trend of the above five methods is discussed.
Analysis of the Structure and Properties of Welded Joints Made from Aluminum Alloys by Electron Beam Welding (EBW) and Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
Authors: Boczkal Sonia , Mitka Monika , Hrabia-Wiśnios Joanna , Płonka Bartłomiej , Węglowski Marek St. , Węglowska Aleksandra , Śliwiński Piotr
Published: February 2025

One of the new areas that requires extensive study of the structure and properties of welded joints is the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This issue is particularly important for new constructions made of aluminium alloys intended for battery housing for powering electric car engines. Modern welding methods, such as EBW and FSW, meet the requirements related to the high precision of the process and the quality of the welded joint itself. This article presents the results of an analysis of the structure and strengthening of the HAZ of chemically modified AlMgSi(Cu) alloys via EBW and FSW. Microstructural observation was performed via SEM for each welded joint to determine the morphology of the precipitates. In the HAZ, β-Mg2Si, Q-Al,MgCu,Si and α-Al,Fe,Si (Mn,Cu) phases with larger sizes and rounded shapes were visible than they were directly in the weld made via the EBW method. The joints produced by the FSW method were characterised by a wide weld area and an irregular weld line. Analysis of the crystallographic orientation via EBSD and grain orientation spread (GOS) revealed differences in the shape of the grains and the degree of recrystallisation in the weld area between the FSW and EBW methods. The distributions of HB (FSW) hardness and HV (EBW) microhardness measurements revealed a slight decrease in hardening in the HAZ. In joints welded by both methods, the hardness of the welds for alloys with increased copper and chromium contents increased by approximately 5%.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Thermal Conductivity and Influencing Factors of Braided Carbon Fiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Gao Zhongzhe , Zhao Shuwei , Tu Qunzhang , Shen Xinmin , Yin Qin , Yang Xiaocui , Wang Enshuai , Peng Wenqiang , Zhang Xiangpo , Xue Jinhong
Published: February 2025

Rubber is widely applied in the field of electrical engineering due to its high elasticity. However, its poor thermal conductivity can cause localized overheating and eventual failure. This issue can be addressed through adding fillers with high thermal conductivity. In this study, natural rubber is selected as the matrix, while braided carbon fiber (B-CF), known for its excellent thermal conductivity, serves as the reinforcing phase. This research defines cubic Bessel curves, establishes a curvilinear coordinate system, and examines the orthogonal anisotropic thermal conductivity of B-CF bundles. It has been verified that eight cycles of fiber accurately represent the finite element simulation model. Based on this, the impact of the cross-sectional shape and area of the fiber bundle on heat dissipation was studied. The results show that the cross-sectional shape has minimal impact on heat dissipation, with temperature differences between the heat source center and the end of the cross-section line remaining within 1 °C. In contrast, the cross-sectional area significantly affects the reduction of the temperature, achieving reductions of up to 32.6% at the heat source center and 40.4% at the opposite side, respectively. This study provides valuable guidance for improving the thermal performance of braided fiber-reinforced rubber products.
Machine Learning Analysis of Umbilic Defect Annihilation in Nematic Liquid Crystals in the Presence of Nanoparticles
Authors: Dierking Ingo , Moyle Adam , Cepparulo Gabriele Maria , Skingle Katherine , Hernández Laura , Raidal Juhan
Published: February 2025

Machine learning-based image recognition is employed to investigate the annihilation dynamics of umbilic defects induced in systems of nematic liquid crystals doped with nanoparticles. A machine learning methodology based on a YOLO algorithm is trained and optimized to identify defects of strength s = ±1 and determine their trajectories during the annihilation process of umbilics of opposite sign. Universal scaling laws describing the distance between two defects as a function of time to annihilation are determined, and average scaling exponents α are calculated for an ensemble of events. It is observed that the defect annihilation scaling exponents deviate from the theoretically predicted value of α = 1/2 when nanoparticles of varying size and concentration are introduced to the system. Scaling laws of the form D~tα do not yield the typical square-root law normally observed, but the experiments suggest a decrease in the exponent to saturation values of approximately α = 0.38 ± 0.01 as the size, particle concentration, and mass concentration of the nanoparticles is increased. Interestingly, the defect density itself is not affected, which implies that the nanoparticles do not act as defect formation sites.
HPV and Cervical Cancer—Biology, Prevention, and Treatment Updates
Authors: Włoszek Emilia , Krupa Kamila , Skrok Eliza , Budzik Michał Piotr , Deptała Andrzej , Badowska-Kozakiewicz Anna
Published: February 2025

One of the most significant breakthroughs in cancer research has been the identification of persistent infection with certain human papillomaviruses (HPV) genotypes as the cause of cervical cancer. Since then, a range of diagnostic and therapeutic methods has been developed based on this discovery. This article aims to describe the latest updates in the biology, prevention, and treatment of HPV-related cervical cancer. The current state of knowledge regarding vaccinations, diagnostic tests, and cervical cancer therapies is presented. The latest WHO guidelines on vaccinations are presented, as well as announcements of upcoming changes. The final part of the article summarizes promising new diagnostic and treatment methods, as well as perspectives and the latest research findings on self-administered diagnostic tests, the use of therapeutic vaccines, and circulating cell-free DNA in diagnosis. Despite the significant progress made in recent years, the strategy based on vaccination and testing remains the cornerstone in the fight against HPV-related cervical cancer.
Evaluation of Adrenal Metastases in Prostate Cancer Patients with [68GA]GA-PSMA PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Kalender Ebuzer , Ekinci Edanur , Elboğa Umut , Şahin Ertan
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the imaging and clinical characteristics of adrenal metastases detected by [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT in prostate cancer patients, with a focus on diagnostic accuracy and prognostic implications. Specifically, we examined the correlation between adrenal lesion characteristics and prognostic markers, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and Gleason scores. This study also assessed the diagnostic performance of PSA, standardized uptake value maximum (SUVmax), and Hounsfield Unit (HU) values in differentiating adrenal metastases from benign adrenal adenomas. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 44 prostate cancer patients with adrenal lesions identified using [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT between January 2020 and October 2024. The patients were categorized into two groups: benign adrenal adenomas (n = 16) and adrenal metastases (n = 28). The PET/CT imaging was performed using a 5-ring Discovery IQ PET/CT scanner with QClear reconstruction, following the injection of 2.5 MBq/kg [68Ga]Ga-PSMA ligand and a standardized uptake time of 60 min. The imaging parameters (SUVmax and HU values), clinical characteristics (PSA levels, Gleason scores, and presence of lymphadenopathy), and patient outcomes were analyzed. A ROC analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these key parameters. Results: Patients with adrenal metastases had significantly higher PSA levels (mean: 45.6 ± 12.4 ng/mL vs. 18.3 ± 6.7 ng/mL; p < 0.01) and Gleason scores (median: 8 vs. 6; p < 0.01) than those with benign adenomas. SUVmax values were significantly elevated in metastatic lesions (mean: 12.8 ± 4.3 vs. 3.4 ± 1.2; p < 0.001), and HU values were also higher (mean: 45 ± 15 vs. 18 ± 10; p < 0.01). The ROC analysis revealed that SUVmax had the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.87), followed by PSA (AUC: 0.85) and HU (AUC: 0.80). Disease progression was observed in 67.9% of metastatic cases versus 18.8% in the adenoma group (p < 0.001), and median overall survival was shorter in metastatic cases (24 months vs. 38 months; p < 0.01). Conclusions: [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT is a valuable imaging modality for distinguishing adrenal metastases from benign adenomas in prostate cancer patients. The integration of PSA, SUVmax, and HU values into diagnostic workflows enhances diagnostic precision and improves clinical decision-making. Future research should focus on the prospective validation of these findings in larger cohorts and explore artificial intelligence-based approaches for automated lesion characterization.
Effects of Vegetation on Bird Communities and Bird–Plant Interactions in Urban Green Areas of Riparian Forests in Brazil That Have Undergone Ecological Restoration
Authors: Carvalho Dayana Nascimento , Calixto Eduardo Soares , Del-Claro Kleber
Published: February 2025

Urbanization replaces natural vegetation for city expansion, impacting environmental and climatic variables that affect the health of the human population and fauna. These changes affect important groups such as birds, given their greater sensitivity to anthropogenic alterations, especially when we understand these effects on a large scale, considering countries such as Brazil, which represents the third country with the greatest diversity of bird species in the world. Conversely, green spaces like urban parks, tree-lined avenues, and riparian forests seem to foster biodiversity conservation. Here, we analyze the effects of vegetation on bird communities and bird–plant interactions in urban riparian areas that have undergone ecological restoration. The study was carried out between January and October 2019 in two restored urban areas of Uberlândia, Brazil. Results showed that the richness of birds observed between the two areas was Praia Clube (n = 86) and Parque Linear Rio Uberabinha (n = 80). The most representative trophic guilds in the areas, with the highest proportion in their relative abundances during both seasons, were granivores, omnivores, insectivores, and frugivores. Composition varied significantly between areas as a function of the plant community, particularly when considering the interaction between season and area (ANOSIM: R = 0.19; Stress = 0.10; p = 0.008). In environments dominated by generalist and synanthropic species (Eared Dove, Picazuro Pigeon), effective planning and management of green areas are crucial. It is important to acknowledge that certain bird species depend on specific habitats, such as riparian forests, and that specific plant species within these areas are vital for specialized bird species, such as species endemic to the Brazilian Savanna or Cerrado and restricted to Brazil (White-striped Warbler) and species in vulnerable categories globally (Bare-faced Curassow). Therefore, restoration efforts in degraded areas should be carefully planned to restore interactions and conserve biodiversity effectively.
Genetic Diversity of Peach (Prunus persica) Accessions Collected in Northern Vietnam Using ISSR Markers
Authors: Tran Dinh Ha , Dao Thanh Huyen , Ngo Xuan Binh , Nguyen Van Hong , Dao Thanh Van , Nguyen Tien Dung
Published: February 2025

Peach (Prunus persica) is a temperate fruit crop that is widely cultivated in the northern region of Vietnam. This study investigated the genetic diversity of 59 peach accessions collected from northern mountainous provinces in Vietnam using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers. The obtained results enabled the evaluation of genetic variation and relationships among peach varieties, which supports breeding programs and germplasm conservation. The analysis identified high levels of polymorphism (92.5%) across six ISSR primers. The accessions were grouped into two main clusters based on a genetic similarity coefficient threshold of 0.674. There were no significant correlations between genetic and geographic distances. The findings underscore the importance of molecular markers like ISSR for identifying genetic relationships and conserving germplasm resources. The results also highlight the potential genetic drift resulting from the trading and exchange of peach varieties among farmers, leading to the creation of regionally named varieties. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity of Vietnamese peaches, supporting efforts to preserve and utilize these resources for breeding and agricultural development.
Enrichment in Bioactive, Techno-Functional and Health Benefits of Yogurt Fortified with Cranberry (Cornus mas L.)
Authors: Mutlu Mete Deniz , Kanmaz Hilal , Kaya Büşra , Hayaloğlu Ali Adnan
Published: February 2025

In this study, the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents, antioxidant activity, color, pH, serum separation, water holding capacity (WHC), rheology, texture and viscosity of cranberry (Cornus mas L.)-enriched yogurt were determined. The addition of cranberries (5–15%) to yogurt resulted in a proportional increase in antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin and phenolic contents. In yogurt samples to which cranberries were added, the WHC increased, while the serum separation values decreased. Due to the red color of the cranberry fruits, the L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness) values decreased, and the a* (redness) values increased (p < 0.05). The sensory evaluation showed that the 10% (w/w) cranberry-added yogurt had the highest general acceptability score when compared to the other samples. Also, it was found that the addition of 10% (w/w) cranberries to the yogurt samples contributed positively to the physicochemical (textural properties, rheological behavior, color and serum separation) and biochemical (antioxidant activity, phenolics and anthocyanins) properties of the samples. The addition of cranberries to yogurt influenced the growth of microbial populations. The number of starter bacteria (counts for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) in the yogurt samples with cranberries was slightly lower than in the control sample; but was at an acceptable level. E. coli and coliform bacteria were not detected in either the control yogurt sample or the samples with added cranberries. In conclusion, the addition of 10% (w/w) cranberries to yogurt can be recommended in order to achieve acceptable physical and sensory properties as well as the enrichment of yogurt with nutritional and functional aspects.
Using Weather Data for Improved Analysis of Vehicle Energy Efficiency
Authors: Filla Reno
Published: February 2025

In moving vehicles, the dominating energy losses are due to interactions with the environment: air resistance and rolling resistance. It is known that weather has a significant impact, yet there is a lack of literature showing how the wealth of openly available data from professional weather observations can be used in this context. This article will give an overview of how such data are structured and how they can be accessed in order to augment logs gained during vehicle operation or simulated trips. Two efficient algorithms for such data extraction and augmentation are discussed and several examples for use are provided, also demonstrating that some caveats do exist with respect to the source of weather data.
Accurate Estimation of Plant Water Content in Cotton Using UAV Multi-Source and Multi-Stage Data
Authors: Zhang Shuyuan , Jing Haitao , Dong Jihua , Su Yue , Hu Zhengdong , Bao Longlong , Fan Shiyu , Sarsen Guldana , Lin Tao , Jin Xiuliang
Published: February 2025

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), as a significant economic crop, has undergone significant modernization in planting methods, and its smart irrigation management relies heavily on accurate cotton water content (CWC) estimation. Existing ground-based methods for measuring CWC are constrained by their limited scope and high monitoring costs. Although the development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has provided a new opportunity for large-scale CWC measurements, there remains a gap in the study of CWC estimation in cotton using multi-source and multi-stage data. In this study, we used UAV-based data, including texture features, vegetation indices, and a heat index, and applied four machine learning algorithms, i.e., partial least-squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), random forest regression (RFR), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), to estimate CWC. The findings demonstrate that in a single growth stage, the boll setting stage performs the best, and multi-source and multi-stage inputs can improve the accuracy of CWC estimation, with the best performance of XGB (R2 = 0.860). Overall, this study highlights that the synergistic use of multi-source and multi-stage data can effectively improve CWC estimation in cotton, suggesting UAV-based data will lead to a brighter future for precision agriculture.
DC Microgrid Deployments and Challenges: A Comprehensive Review of Academic and Corporate Implementations
Authors: Adegboyega Adewale W. , Sepasi Saeed , Howlader Harun Or Rashid , Griswold Brian , Matsuura Marc , Roose Leon R.
Published: February 2025

DC microgrids are revolutionizing energy systems by offering efficient, reliable, and sustainable solutions to modern power grid challenges. By directly integrating renewable energy sources and eliminating the inefficiencies of AC-DC conversion, these systems simplify energy distribution and enhance performance in critical applications such as data centers, electric vehicle charging, and telecommunications. This review paper comprehensively examines the design, implementation, and performance of DC microgrids in real-world settings. Key components, including distributed energy resources (DERs), energy storage systems (ESSs), and control strategies, are analyzed to highlight their roles in ensuring reliability and operational efficiency. This review also explores the challenges facing DC microgrids, such as stability issues, protection mechanisms, and high initial costs, while offering insights into advanced control strategies and modular designs to overcome these obstacles. Through an evaluation of global case studies, this article bridges the gap between theoretical research and practical deployment and also demonstrates how DC microgrids can enhance energy efficiency, support sustainable power generation, and provide resilience in various applications. The findings highlight the potential of DC microgrids as a cornerstone of future energy systems, enabling clean, reliable, and decentralized energy solutions.
Estimating Single Layer Bi-Channel Neural Networks Architecture for Speed Control of Variable Reluctance Motors
Authors: Alharkan Hamad
Published: February 2025

This study explores the speed adjustment characteristics of the adaptive control of estimated single-layer Bi-channel neural networks (NNs) for Variable Reluctance Motor (VRM) drives. The innovative algorithm incorporates an estimation method to manage the nonlinear behavior of a VRM through a collection of Bi-channel NNs nodes. Each node acts as a single-layer Bi-channel NNs controller at a local linear operating point extending across the nonlinear surface of the system. Although this algorithm demonstrates strong tracking performance, a significant challenge arises from the motor speed being integrated into the machine model, which means that the controller is directly influenced by speed variations. This results in a sluggish speed adjustment response due to the learning process involved. To address this challenge, a grid of NNs must update the NNs-matrices whenever rotational speed changes. Finally, a simulation of the proposed novel speed control has been conducted to illustrate the speed adjustment behavior of the VRM under various operating conditions and to validate the effectiveness of the control approach.
Lithium-Ion Battery Condition Monitoring: A Frontier in Acoustic Sensing Technology
Authors: Pan Yuanyuan , Xu Ke , Wang Ruiqiang , Wang Honghong , Chen Guodong , Wang Kai
Published: February 2025

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in the fields of consumer electronics, new energy vehicles, and grid energy storage due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, how to effectively evaluate the State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), and overcharging behavior of batteries has become a key issue in improving battery safety and lifespan. Acoustic sensing technology, as an advanced non-destructive monitoring method, achieves real-time monitoring of the internal state of batteries and accurate evaluation of key parameters through ultrasonic testing technology and acoustic emission technology. This article systematically reviews the research progress of acoustic sensing technology in SOC, SOH, and overcharge behavior evaluation of LIBs, analyzes its working principle and application advantages, and explores future optimization directions and industrialization prospects. Acoustic sensing technology provides important support for building efficient and safe battery management systems.
Solar Energy to Water Desalination: Long-Term Experimental Studies of Solar Still in Poland
Authors: Mika Łukasz , Radomska Ewelina
Published: February 2025

Water scarcity is an escalating global issue which also affects Poland. One of the solutions to this challenge is seawater desalination, particularly using solar stills (SSs). SSs offer a sustainable, low-cost solution for desalination, but their efficiency depends mainly on local solar conditions. Therefore, this study presents long-term experimental results for a single-basin, single-slope SS’s performance in Krakow, Poland, from May to September 2022. The findings show that the SS effectively removed over 98% of total dissolved solids, with a productivity ranging from 1084 to 5014 mL/(m2·day) and water temperatures reaching up to 80.4 °C. These results highlight the feasibility of solar-powered desalination in Poland and contribute valuable data for future optimization.
Enhanced Energy Management System in Smart Homes Considering Economic, Technical, and Environmental Aspects: A Novel Modification-Based Grey Wolf Optimizer
Authors: Dehghani Moslem , Bornapour Seyyed Mohammad , Sheybani Ehsan
Published: February 2025

Increasingly, renewable energy resources, energy storage systems (ESSs), and demand response programs (DRPs) are being discussed due to environmental concerns and smart grid developments. An innovative home appliance scheduling scheme is presented in this paper, which incorporates a local energy grid with wind turbines (WTs), photovoltaic (PV), and ESS, which is connected to an upstream grid, to schedule household appliances while considering various constraints and DRP. Firstly, the household appliances are specified as non-shiftable and shiftable (interruptible, and uninterruptible) loads, respectively. Secondly, an enhanced mathematical formulation is presented for smart home energy management which considers the real-time price of upstream grids, the price of WT, and PV, and also the sold energy from the smart home to the microgrid. Three objective functions are considered in the proposed energy management: electricity bill, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), and pollution emissions. To solve the optimization problem, a novel modification-based grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is proposed. When the wolves hunt prey, other wild animals try to steal the prey or some part of the prey, hence they should protect the prey; therefore, this modification mimics the battle between the grey wolves and other wild animals for the hunted prey. This modification improves the performance of the GWO in finding the best solution. Simulations are examined and compared under different conditions to explore the effectiveness and efficiency of the suggested scheme for simultaneously optimizing all three objective functions. Also, both GWO and improved GWO (IGWO) are compared under different scenarios, which shows that IGWO improvement has better performance and is more robust. It has been seen in the results that the suggested framework can significantly diminish the energy costs, PAR, and emissions simultaneously.