bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short text classification approach to identify child sexual exploitation material
Authors: Al-Nabki MHD Wesam , Fidalgo Eduardo , Alegre Enrique , Alaiz-Rodriguez Rocio
Published: September 2023

Producing or sharing Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) is a severe crime that Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) fight daily. When the LEA seizes a computer from a potential producer or consumer of the CSEM, it analyzes the storage devices of the suspect looking for evidence. Manual inspection of CSEM is time-consuming given the limited time available for Spanish police to use a search warrant. Our approach to speeding up the identification of CSEM-related files is to analyze only the file names and their absolute paths rather than their content. The main challenge lies in handling short and sparse texts that are deliberately distorted by file owners using obfuscated words and user-defined naming patterns. We present two approaches to CSEM identification. The first employs two independent classifiers, one for the file name and the other for the file path, and their outputs are then combined. Conversely, the second approach uses only the file name classifier to iterate over an absolute path. Both operate at the character n-gram level, whereas novel binary and orthographic features are presented to enrich the text representation. We benchmarked six classification models based on machine learning and convolutional neural networks. The proposed classifier has an F1 score of 0.988, which can be a promising tool for LEAs.
Meta-learning for transformer-based prediction of potent compounds
Authors: Chen Hengwei , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: September 2023

For many machine learning applications in drug discovery, only limited amounts of training data are available. This typically applies to compound design and activity prediction and often restricts machine learning, especially deep learning. For low-data applications, specialized learning strategies can be considered to limit required training data. Among these is meta-learning that attempts to enable learning in low-data regimes by combining outputs of different models and utilizing meta-data from these predictions. However, in drug discovery settings, meta-learning is still in its infancy. In this study, we have explored meta-learning for the prediction of potent compounds via generative design using transformer models. For different activity classes, meta-learning models were derived to predict highly potent compounds from weakly potent templates in the presence of varying amounts of fine-tuning data and compared to other transformers developed for this task. Meta-learning consistently led to statistically significant improvements in model performance, in particular, when fine-tuning data were limited. Moreover, meta-learning models generated target compounds with higher potency and larger potency differences between templates and targets than other transformers, indicating their potential for low-data compound design.
Multilevel analysis of factors associated with untreated diarrhea among under five children in Ethiopia using Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Alemu Tewodros Getaneh , Fentie Elsa Awoke , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn , Shewarega Ever Siyoum , Negash Wubshet Debebe , Eshetu Habitu Birhan , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Fetene Samrawit Mihret , Teklu Rediet Eristu
Published: September 2023

Diarrhea refers to the abrupt onset of three or more loose or liquid stools per day. It is the second leading cause of death in infants worldwide. It is an endemic disease and continues to be a serious threat to children in Ethiopia. Despite being a condition that may be prevented, diarrhea can have a negative impact on a child's health. Also, studies have not been able to explore the role of socio-economic characteristics in hindering the treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to explore socio-economic factors that influence treatment of childhood diarrhea. Secondary data analysis was conducted based on the demographic and health surveys data conducted in Ethiopia. A total weighted sample of 1227 under-five children was included for this study. Mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors of untreated diarrhea. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% CI was used to declare the strength and significance of the association. Prevalence of untreated diarrhea among under five children in Ethiopia was 57.32% (95% CI 54.52–60.06%). In the mixed-effect analysis; Children aged 6–11, 12–23, and 24–35 (AOR 0.384, 95% CI 0.187–0.789), 71% (AOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.149–0.596), and 51% (AOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.238–0.995). Children from family number six and above (AOR 1.635, 95% CI 1.102–2.426). Children from middle wealth of family (AOR 1.886, 95% CI 1.170–3.3040). Children from a community with high level of uneducated (AOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.065–3.442) were significantly associated with untreated diarrhea. The prevalence of untreated diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia is high. Age of child, family number, household wealth, and community-level educational status were significantly associated with untreated diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia. Hence, increasing community educational status, boosting the economic status of the community, and family planning for the community should get due attention.
MWCNTs dispersion adopting GA and its application towards copper tailings-based cementitious materials
Authors: Xiang Bingzhi , Cheng Ruifeng , Zhu Jielu , Zhou Yong , Peng Xiaoying , Song Junwei , Wu Junhong
Published: September 2023

Hydrophobic carbon nanotubes are hardly to disperse in water and prone to agglomerate when poured with Copper Tailing-Based Cementitious Material (CTCM). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) + Arabic Gum (GA) dispersions were prepared by a novel method of synergistic optimization of concentration, controlling low-frequency ultrasonic time and setting the ambient temperature with non-toxic anionic surfactant GA as surfactant. The results of UV–Vis spectroscopy showed that the high stability MWCNTs + GA dispersion with low aggregation area (< 1.2%) and low aggregation beam size (< 219 nm) have been prepared by using 1.7 mmol/l GA. The effects of highly stable MWCNTs dispersion on the mechanical properties, microstructure and durability of CTCM were studied. The 28 days compressive strength increased by 21.5%, and the flexural strength increased by 20.5%, almost reaching the mechanical level of the control group. The results of SEM, XRD and EDS showed that GA significantly enhanced the dispersion of MWCNT in aqueous solution at a suitable concentration (mass ratio of GA:CNTs = 1:1). The microstructure of the prepared CTCM by high stability MWCNTs dispersion was optimized obviously, and the mechanical properties and durability were improved significantly. This method solves the dual problem of MWCNTs not being fully dispersed in aqueous solution and being easily re-agglomerated in cementitious materials, as well as finding a breakthrough for the low cost and industrialization of tailings cement-based composite cementitious materials.
Purification and characterization of cysteine protease of Sarcocystis fusiformis from infected Egyptian water buffaloes
Authors: Barakat Amal Z. , Abdel-Aty Azza M. , Ibrahim Marwa K. , Salah Hala A. , Hegazy Usama M. , Azouz Rasha A. M. , Bassuiny Roqaya I. , Shaapan Raafat M. , Mohamed Saleh A.
Published: September 2023

Sarcocystisspp. infects water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) causing sarcocystosis. In the present study,Sarcocystis fusiformiswas recognized in Egyptian water buffaloes based on histological observation and molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1),18S ribosomalRNA (18S rRNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX-1) gene fragments. Chemotherapy and vaccines againstSarcocystisspp. could potentially target proteases because they may play a crucial role in the infection. Cysteine proteases are multifunctional enzymes involved in vital metabolic processes. However, the involvement of proteases inS. fusiforminfection has not yet been characterized. Here, the purification and study on some biochemical properties of protease isolated from cysts ofS. fusiformwere carried out. Protease with a molecular weight of 100 kDa was purified. LC–MS/MS analyzed the protein sequence of purified protease and the data suggested that the enzyme might be related to the cysteine protease. The purified protease exhibited maximum activity at pH 6 and a temperature of 50 °C. The Michaelis–Menten constant (Km), the maximum velocity (Vmax), and the turnover number (Kcat) were determined. The complete inhibition effect of cysteine inhibitors indicated that the purified enzyme is a cysteine protease. The results suggested thatS. fusiformproteolytic enzyme may be necessary for parasite survival in water buffaloes by digesting host tissues. Therefore, cysteine protease could be a suitable target for vaccinations.
Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related biomarkers and the related pathogenesis in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer
Authors: Kuang Yuhui , Yang Kuo , Meng Lingkai , Mao Yijia , Xu Fangbiao , Liu Huayi
Published: September 2023

Using advanced bioinformatics techniques, we conducted an analysis of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC). We also investigated their connection to immune cell infiltration and diagnostic value, ultimately identifying new molecular targets that could be used for PLGC patient treatment. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and FerrDb V2 databases were used to identify FRGs. These genes were analysed via ClueGO pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, as well as single-cell dataset GSE134520 analysis. A machine learning model was applied to identify hub genes associated with ferroptosis in PLGC patients. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to verify the diagnostic efficacy of these genes, and a PLGC diagnosis model nomogram was established based on hub genes. R software was utilized to conduct functional, pathway, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) on the identified diagnostic genes. Hub gene expression levels and survival times in gastric cancer were analysed using online databases to determine the prognostic value of these genes. MCPcounter and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms were used to investigate the correlation between hub genes and immune cells. Finally, noncoding RNA regulatory mechanisms and transcription factor regulatory networks for hub genes were mapped using multiple databases. Eventually, we identified 23 ferroptosis-related genes in PLGC. Enrichment analyses showed that ferroptosis-related genes were closely associated with iron uptake and transport and ferroptosis in the development of PLGC. After differential analysis using machine learning algorithms, we identified four hub genes in PLGC patients, including MYB, CYB5R1, LIFR and DPP4. Consequently, we established a ferroptosis diagnosis model nomogram. GSVA and GSEA mutual verification analysis helped uncover potential regulatory mechanisms of hub genes. MCPcounter and ssGSEA analysed immune infiltration in the disease and indicated that B cells and parainflammation played an important role in disease progression. Finally, we constructed noncoding RNA regulatory networks and transcription factor regulatory networks. Our study identified ferroptosis-related diagnostic genes and therapeutic targets for PLGC, providing novel insights and a theoretical foundation for research into the molecular mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.
Study on anaerobic phosphorus release from pig manure and phosphorus recovery by vivianite method
Authors: Chen Tengshu , Song Xingfu , Xing Mengyao
Published: September 2023

In this study, pig manure rich in phosphorus was used as the recovery object, In order to realize the maximum recovery of phosphorus resources in pig manure, this study established a phosphorus recovery route combining the electrochemical method with the Vivianite method using sacrificial iron anode. And in order to obtain phosphorus rich supernatant, pig manure was treated with different pH values, and the changes in phosphorus components and metal content in the liquid phase were mainly investigated; Graded phosphorus components and microbial communities in the solid phase; Finally, the effect of electrolytic recovery of phosphorus from fermentation supernatant was studied. The results showed that the highest total phosphorus (TP) content in the liquid phase follows a trend of acidity > control > alkalinity; The analysis of the results of solid-phase phosphorus fractionation extraction shows that acidic conditions are more conducive to the release of Non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) and Apatite inorganic phosphorus (AP); The microbial community promotes the release of phosphorus by participating in the decomposition of fermentation substrates; The analysis of the change of metal content in the liquid phase before and after electrolysis showed that the two chamber electrolytic cell can not remove other metal components while recovering the vivianite; More than 90% of the phosphorus in the supernatant after fermentation was recovered by electrolysis. The characterization results showed that 84.66% of the precipitate was Vivianite.
Alternative approach to the buckling phenomenon by means of a second order incremental analysis
Authors: Gimena Faustino N. , Goñi Mikel , Gonzaga Pedro , Valdenebro José-Vicente
Published: September 2023

This article addresses the problem of determining the solicitation and deformation of beams with geometric imperfection, also called real beams under a compression action. This calculation is performed by applying the Finite Transfer Method numerical procedure under first-order effects with the entire compression action applied instantaneously and applying the action gradually under second-order effects. The results obtained by this procedure for real sinusoidal or parabolic beams are presented and compared. To verify the potential of the numerical procedure, the first and second-order effects of a beam with variable section are presented. New analytical formulations of the bending moment and the transverse deformation in the beam with sinusoidal imperfection subjected to compression are also obtained, under first and second-order analysis. The maximum failure load of the beams is determined based on their initial deformation. The results of solicitation and deformation of the real beam under compression are compared, applying the analytical expressions obtained and the numerical procedure cited. The beams under study are profiles with different geometric characteristics, which shows that it is possible to obtain maximum failure load results by varying the relationships between lengths, areas and slenderness. The increase in second-order bending moments causes the failure that originates in the beam, making it clear that this approach reproduces the buckling phenomenon. The article demonstrates that through the Finite Transfer Method the calculation of first and second-order effects can be addressed in beams of any type of directrix and of constant or variable section.
Rational design and characterization of cell-selective antimicrobial peptides based on a bioactive peptide from Crocodylus siamensis hemoglobin
Authors: Sosiangdi Sirinthip , Taemaitree Lapatrada , Tankrathok Anupong , Daduang Sakda , Boonlue Sophon , Klaynongsruang Sompong , Jangpromma Nisachon
Published: September 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing health concern. Antimicrobial peptides are a potential solution because they bypass conventional drug resistance mechanisms. Previously, we isolated a peptide from Crocodylus siamensis hemoglobin hydrolysate, which has antimicrobial activity and identified the main peptide from this mixture (QL17). The objective of this work was to evaluate and rationally modify QL17 in order to: (1) control its mechanism of action through bacterial membrane disruption; (2) improve its antimicrobial activity; and (3) ensure it has low cytotoxicity against normal eukaryotic cells. QL17 was rationally designed using physicochemical and template-based methods. These new peptide variants were assessed for: (1) their in vitro inhibition of microbial growth, (2) their cytotoxicity against normal cells, (3) their selectivity for microbes, and (4) the mode of action against bacteria using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy. The results indicate that all designed peptides have more potent antimicrobial efficacy than QL17 and IL15 peptides. However, only the most rationally modified peptides showed strong antimicrobial activity and minimal toxicity against normal cells. In particular, IL15.3 (hydrophobicity of 47% and net charge of + 6) was a potent antimicrobial agent (MIC = 4–12 μg/mL; MBC = 6–25 μg/mL) and displayed excellent selectivity for microbes (cf. human cells) via FACS assays. Microscopy confirmed that IL15.3 acts against bacteria by disrupting the cell membrane integrity and penetrating into the membrane. This causes the release of intracellular content into the outer environment leading to the death of bacteria. Moreover, IL15.3 can also interact with DNA suggesting it could have dual mode of action. Overall, a novel variant of QL17 is described that increases antimicrobial activity by over 1000-fold (~ 5 μg/mL MIC) and has minimal cytotoxicity. It may have applications in clinical use to treat and safeguard against bacteria.
Analytical sensitivity of a method is critical in detection of low-level BRCA1 constitutional epimutation
Authors: Machaj Filip , Sokolowska Katarzyna Ewa , Borowski Konrad , Retfiński Szymon , Strapagiel Dominik , Sobalska-Kwapis Marta , Huzarski Tomasz , Lubiński Jan , Wojdacz Tomasz Kazimierz
Published: September 2023

Recent reports based on a substantial number of cases, warrant need for population-based research to determine implications of constitutional methylation of tumor suppressor genes such as BRCA1 occurring in healthy tissue in the prediction of cancer. However, the detection of the constitutional methylation in DNA extracted from blood has already been shown to be technologically challenging, mainly because epimutations appear to be present in blood at a very low level. The analytical sensitivity required for low-level methylation detection can be provided by NGS, but this technique is still labor and cost-intensive. We assessed if PCR-based MS-HRM and BeadChip microarray technologies, which are standardized and cost-effective technologies for methylation changes screening, provide a sufficient level of analytical sensitivity for constitutional BRCA1 methylation detection in blood samples. The study included whole blood samples from 67 healthy women, 35 with previously confirmed and 32 with no detectable BRCA1 promoter methylation for which we performed both MS-HRM based BRCA1 gene methylation screening and genome wide methylation profiling with EPIC microarray. Our results shown, that low-level BRCA1 methylation can be effectively detected in DNA extracted from blood by PCR-based MS-HRM. At the same time, EPIC microarray does not provide conclusive results to unambiguously determine the presence of BRCA1 constitutional methylation in MS-HRM epimutation positive samples. The analytical sensitivity of MS-HRM is sufficient to detect low level BRCA1 constitutional epimutation in DNA extracted from blood and BeadChip technology-based microarrays appear not to provide that level of analytical sensitivity.
Putative photosensitivity in internal light organs (organs of Pesta) of deep-sea sergestid shrimps
Authors: Frank Tamara , Sickles Jamie , DeLeo Danielle , Blackwelder Patricia , Bracken-Grissom Heather
Published: September 2023

Many marine species can regulate the intensity of bioluminescence from their ventral photophores in order to counterilluminate, a camouflage technique whereby animals closely match the intensity of the downwelling illumination blocked by their bodies, thereby hiding their silhouettes. Recent studies on autogenic cuticular photophores in deep-sea shrimps indicate that the photophores themselves are light sensitive. Here, our results suggest photosensitivity in a second type of autogenic photophore, the internal organs of Pesta, found in deep-sea sergestid shrimps. Experiments were conducted onboard ship on live specimens, exposing the animals to bright light, which resulted in ultrastructural changes that matched those seen in crustacean eyes during the photoreceptor membrane turnover, a process that is crucial for the proper functioning of photosensitive components. In addition, RNA-seq studies demonstrated the expression of visual opsins and phototransduction genes in photophore tissue that are known to play a role in light detection, and electrophysiological measurements indicated that the light organs are responding to light received by the eyes. The long sought after mechanism of counterillumination remains unknown, but evidence of photosensitivity in photophores may indicate a dual functionality of light detection and emission.
Association of PDGFRA polymorphisms with the risk of corneal astigmatism in a Japanese population
Authors: Fukasaku Hideharu , Meguro Akira , Takeuchi Masaki , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Ota Masao , Funakoshi Kengo
Published: September 2023

Corneal astigmatism is reportedly associated with polymorphisms of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) gene region in Asian populations of Chinese, Malay, and Indian ancestry and populations of European ancestry. In this study, we investigated whether these PDGFRA polymorphisms are associated with corneal astigmatism in a Japanese population. We recruited 1,535 cases with corneal astigmatism (mean corneal cylinder power across both eyes: ≤  − 0.75 diopters [D]) and 842 controls (> − 0.75 D) to genotype 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PDGFRA gene region. We also performed imputation analysis in the region, with 179 imputed SNPs included in the statistical analyses. The PDGFRA SNPs were not significantly associated with the cases with corneal astigmatism ≤  − 0.75 D. However, the odds ratios (ORs) of the minor alleles of SNPs in the upstream region of PDGFRA, including rs7673984, rs4864857, and rs11133315, tended to increase according to the degree of corneal astigmatism, and these SNPs were significantly associated with the cases with corneal astigmatism ≤  − 1.25 D or ≤  − 1.50 D (Pc < 0.05, OR = 1.34–1.39). These results suggest that PDGFRA SNPs play a potential role in the development of greater corneal astigmatism.
Shear wave elastography can stratify rectal cancer response to short-course radiation therapy
Authors: Mislati Reem , Uccello Taylor P. , Lin Zixi , Iliza Katia T. , Toussaint Kimani C. , Gerber Scott A. , Doyley Marvin M.
Published: September 2023

Rectal cancer is a deadly disease typically treated using neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision surgery. To reduce the occurrence of mesorectal excision surgery for patients whose tumors regress from the neoadjuvant therapy alone, conventional imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is used to assess tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy before surgery. In this work, we hypothesize that shear wave elastography offers valuable insights into tumor response to short-course radiation therapy (SCRT)—information that could help distinguish radiation-responsive from radiation-non-responsive tumors and shed light on changes in the tumor microenvironment that may affect radiation response. To test this hypothesis, we performed elastographic imaging on murine rectal tumors (n = 32) on days 6, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 23, and 25 post-tumor cell injection. The study revealed that radiation-responsive and non-radiation-responsive tumors had different mechanical properties. Specifically, radiation-non-responsive tumors showed significantly higher shear wave speed SWS (p < 0.01) than radiation-responsive tumors 11 days after SCRT. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in shear wave attenuation (SWA) (p < 0.01) in radiation-non-responsive tumors 16 days after SCRT compared to SWA measured just one day after SCRT. These results demonstrate the potential of shear wave elastography to provide valuable insights into tumor response to SCRT and aid in exploring the underlying biology that drives tumors' responses to radiation.
A molecular dynamics study on the mechanical response of thermal-pressure rejuvenated CuxZr100−x metallic glasses
Authors: Sayad S. , Khanzadeh M. , Alahyarizadeh Gh. , Amigo N.
Published: September 2023

A molecular dynamics study was performed on the mechanical response of thermal-pressure rejuvenated CuxZr100−x metallic glasses. The effect of temperature (50, 300, 600 K) and pressure (0–50 GPa) on the rejuvenation process and the mechanical properties of CuxZr100−x including stress–strain response, shear localization formation and elastic modulus were investigated. The thermal-pressure rejuvenation process involves transitioning the system to a higher potential energy state and a lower atomic volume, demonstrating the significant influence of pressure on rejuvenation. Our findings reveal that increasing pressure at specific temperatures and material compositions results in reduced yield stress and stress drop. They also indicate that with increasing pressure, the system undergoes a transition towards homogeneity, resulting in enhanced ductility compared to its initial amorphous state. Additionally, high temperatures contribute to lower values of Young's, shear, and bulk moduli, as well as decreased yield stress and stress drop. Consequently, the system becomes more homogeneous, promoting rejuvenation. Furthermore, we observed that the final yield strength of the system increases with higher Cu content for all structures at specific pressures and temperatures. The level of rejuvenation is additionally impacted by the amount of Cu, and structures containing varying content of Cu demonstrate varying degrees of rejuvenation. To validate our findings, we utilized Voronoi analysis, which revealed a higher fraction of densely-packed clusters in the samples. Finally, a total of 10 materials properties were calculated and explored using statistical analysis which shows there are different correlations between pressure, temperature and atomic composition with mechanical properties.
Carbon-dot-triggered aggregation/dispersion of gold nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of nucleic acids and its application in visualization of loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Arumugam Selva Sharma , Varghese Amal Wilson , Suresh Nair Swathy , Lee Nae Yoon
Published: September 2023

Cationic carbon dots synthesized from p-phenylenediamine were employed to trigger the aggregation and dispersion of gold nanoparticles for the colorimetric detection of nucleic acids.
Piezoelectric materials for neuroregeneration: a review
Authors: Wu Linliang , Gao Hongxia , Han Qi , Guan Wenchao , Sun Shaolan , Zheng Tiantian , Liu Yaqiong , Wang Xiaolu , Huang Ran , Li Guicai
Published: September 2023

The review systematically summarizes the development of piezoelectric materials and their application in the field of nerve regeneration. The image mainly shows the classification of piezoelectric materials for nerve tissue engineering.
Differential fluorescent response to amino acids based on metal–organic framework Zn-PBC
Authors: Lin Wenxin , Wang Yijia , Zhang Haoke , Shan Kei Hoi , Si Panpan , Yu Shijiang , Wang Zhen , Zhao Dian , Gao Junkuo , Wu Minghua , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2023

Zn-PBC, a metal-organic framework with ideal fluorescent property was prepared. It exhibited differential fluorescent response to different kinds of amino acids, which might provide a strategy to design MOF-based sensors for biomolecules in future.
Solar evaporation with solute replacement towards real-world applications
Authors: Xu Zhenyuan , Yu Jie , Shan He , Wang Jiebing , Gao Jintong , Ye Zhanyu , Wang Ruzhu
Published: September 2023

Solar evaporation with solute replacement enables the evaporation of a variety of source solutions towards real-world applications, via the decoupling of heat and mass transport pathways.
Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy in drug delivery: a roadmap for correct characterization of nanoparticles and interpretation of results
Authors: Filippov Sergey K. , Khusnutdinov Ramil , Murmiliuk Anastasiia , Inam Wali , Zakharova Lucia Ya. , Zhang Hongbo , Khutoryanskiy Vitaliy V.
Published: September 2023

In this focus article, we provide a scrutinizing analysis of transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering as the two common methods to study the sizes of nanoparticles with focus on the application in pharmaceutics and drug delivery.
Electro-mechanical coupling directs endothelial activities through intracellular calcium ion deployment
Authors: Li Changhao , Yu Peng , Wang Zhengao , Long Cheng , Xiao Cairong , Xing Jun , Dong Binbin , Zhai Jinxia , Zhou Lei , Zhou Zhengnan , Wang Yan , Zhu Wenjun , Tan Guoxin , Ning Chengyun , Zhou Yahong , Mao Chuanbin
Published: September 2023

The use of confined electric fields reveals an analogous electro-mechanical coupling behavior in endothelial cells, which can integrate electrical and mechanical signals to direct the endothelial fate through intracellular calcium ion deployment.
Enhanced anodic catalytic performance in PrFeO3−δ of perovskite materials via Co-doping with Sr and VB subgroup metals (V, Nb, Ta)
Authors: Chen Hongfei , Lü Zhe , Liu Zhipeng , Wu Yujie , Wang Shuai , Wang Zhihong
Published: September 2023

The anodic catalytic capability of the Pr0.5Sr0.5Fe0.875Nb0.125O3−δ perovskite material.
Revealing the crystalline packing structure of Y6 in the active layer of organic solar cells: the critical role of solvent additives
Authors: Xia Xinxin , Mei Le , He Chengliang , Chen Zeng , Yao Nannan , Qin Minchao , Sun Rui , Zhang Zhenzhen , Pan Yuyu , Xiao Yiqun , Lin Yuze , Min Jie , Zhang Fengling , Zhu Haiming , Bredas Jean-Luc , Chen Hongzheng , Chen Xian-Kai , Lu Xinhui
Published: September 2023

The bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology of photovoltaic materials is crucial to the fundamental optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells (OSCs).
Convolutional neural network prediction of the photocurrent–voltage curve directly from scanning electron microscopy images
Authors: Hayashi Yuta , Nagai Yuya , Pan Zhenhua , Katayama Kenji
Published: September 2023

The overall performance of the photocatalyst, the J–V curve, is predicted by the convolutional neural network from SEM images only.
Molybdenum disulfide nanostructures coupled with metal plasmonics for improved electronic and photonic performances
Authors: Zhang Na , Zheng Ying Jie , Zhu Liang Rui , Zou Hao Lin , Luo Hong Qun , Li Nian Bing , Li Bang Lin
Published: September 2023

The hybrid routes of MoS2 and plasmonic nanostructures were comprehensively classified, and the nano-hybrids demonstrated diverse improved electro-/photo-based characteristics, as well as emerging sensing, catalysis and biomedical applications.
Hypersensitive ratiometric temperature sensing in a bimetallic lanthanide metal–organic framework
Authors: Hu Jing-Wen , Wang Xue-Yan , Xu Jun , Dong Xi-Yan , Zhang Chong
Published: September 2023

The bimetallic Ln-MOFs exhibit temperature dependent luminescent behavior, proving that chemical components would affect the ratiometric luminescent temperature sensing performance.
Factors Influencing Laryngeal Vestibular Closure in Healthy Adults
Authors: Werden Abrams Sophia , Petersen Courtney , Beall Jonathan , Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini , Choi Dahye , Garand Kendrea L. (Focht)
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Our study aims were (a) to examine laryngeal vestibular closure (LVC) temporal measures in healthy adults across tasks used in the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) protocol to establish normative reference values and (b) to examine influences of age, gender, and swallow task on LVC temporal measures.

Method:

A retrospective analysis of 195 healthy adults (85 men, 110 women; age range: 21–89 years) who participated in a videofluoroscopic swallowing study was completed. Seven swallow tasks of standardized viscosities and volumes, as per the MBSImP protocol, were analyzed to measure time-to-LVC and LVC duration (LVCd). Descriptive statistics were employed for all measures of interest. Regression modeling was used to explore relationships between LVC temporal measures (time-to-LVC, LVCd) with age, gender, and swallow task. The relationship between time-to-LVC and LVCd was also explored.

Results:

Significant findings included an increasing trend in LVCd across age (older individuals had a longer LVCd), with women demonstrating a greater increase. Related to viscosity, LVCd was significantly shorter for pudding compared to thin liquid. Furthermore, when compared to 5-ml tasks, LVCd was significantly longer in cup tasks, while time-to-LVC was significantly shorter. An association was also observed between time-to-LVC and LVCd: As time-to-LVC decreased, LVCd increased.

Conclusions:

LVCd was influenced by age, gender, and swallow task. Longer time-to-LVC was observed in older individuals, particularly older women, and with thin liquids. Study findings contribute to adult normative reference values for LVC temporal measures (time-to-LVC and LVCd) across MBSImP swallowing tasks.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24126432
Practical Considerations for Instrumental Acoustic and Aerodynamic Assessment of Voice: Discussion Points From an Open Forum of Clinicians
Authors: Estes Christine Murphy , Johnson Aaron M.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to summarize a community discussion about the practical implementation of recommended vocal function measures by practicing speech-language pathologists specializing in the treatment of voice and upper airway disorders, review common barriers and challenges to implementation, and suggest opportunities for further education and discussion.

Method:

An online discussion was held with members of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Special Interest Group (SIG) 3 to facilitate discussion regarding participants' experiences implementing vocal function assessment (acoustic and aerodynamic assessment) in their practice settings. The discussion was based on the expert panel consensus paper by Patel et al. (2018), which provided recommendations for a minimum core set of vocal function measures.

Results:

Discussion topics included standardization methods, environmental factors, preferred hardware and software, tasks and measures, interpretation, and infection control. Participants reported that the recommendations of the consensus paper provide a useful guideline for obtaining a core set of reliable and valid measures. They also reported facing barriers in meeting these recommendations due to varying practice settings and resources.

Conclusions:

Variations in instrumental assessment may arise due to differences in clinic models, testing environments, accessible equipment, allotted time, and clinician opinion. During the discussion, participants emphasized the need for further education and discussion on the implementation of vocal function assessment, particularly regarding adaptations for different clinical models, low-cost and low-tech alternatives, synthesis of findings, and the relevance of additional or omitted measures in specific situations. To address these concerns, it is recommended that the SIG 3 community delve deeper into this topic, open additional discussion about various topics cited as barriers to vocal function assessment implementation, and create ongoing educational opportunities for clinicians, especially for those who lack access to a voice-specialized clinical fellowship program or mentorship by a specialized clinical expert.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Implementation of Theory of Mind Concepts Within Therapy: An Exploratory Survey
Authors: Secora Kristen , Moore Tara
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Understanding others' mental states including thoughts (cognitive theory of mind [ToM]) and feelings (affective ToM) is an important component of communication, particularly for individuals with communication challenges. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are critical members of the team that supports these individuals; however, little is currently known about how SLPs approach therapy involving ToM components. This exploratory study seeks to establish foundational knowledge about the current practices SLPs use when incorporating ToM.

Method:

SLP participants completed an online survey (
N
= 86) that asked about their incorporation of ToM topics and skills into therapy with a focus on literacy activities.

Results:

All SLPs reported working on ToM topics to some extent, most frequently on emotional awareness in the self and others and to a lesser extent on understanding others' thoughts. They reported targeting ToM components with different clinical populations: mostly individuals with autism spectrum disorder and social communication disorder, but also those with expressive/receptive language disorders and preschool-age students. The majority of SLPs reported using books to work on ToM skills. We provide a summary of the various features of books that SLPs used in the selection process and with their reported relative importance.

Conclusions:

Many SLPs reported working on affective ToM and to a lesser extent cognitive ToM with children who have a variety of communication needs. Children's books were a common way in which many SLPs targeted a variety of communication goals in addition to perspective-taking or ToM topics. Understanding the current implementation of ToM topics in therapy can help guide neurodiversity-affirming intervention and literacy practices for currently practicing SLPs.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24175557
Impact of step voltage parameters on accuracy of evaluating XLPE insulation DC voltage endurance coefficient
Authors: Ma Zhipeng , Li Ningyi , Chen Xingang , Tan Shiyao , Zhang Jinjing , Fan Yijie , Song Xin , Huang Yuyang
Published: September 2023

The voltage endurance coefficient n of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation is an important indicator for the analysis of insulation failure mechanism. Accurately obtaining the value of n can provide technical support for the reliability evaluation of cable operation. The constant stress method and the step stress method are used to obtain the values of n, but the test parameters can influence the accuracy of the obtained n values. Two methods for selecting test parameters are proposed. The equivalence between the two methods is established, providing theoretical support for the accurate evaluation of the n value of solid insulation materials by using the step stress method. The accuracy of the evaluation results is verified by analyzing the test data. The test results show that the nstep = 13.04 evaluated by the step stress test with the proposed parameter selection method is consistent with the test result of constant stress nconstant = 12.83.
Early, far-field and diffuse tectonics records in the North Aquitaine Basin (France)
Authors: Bouat Loïc , Strzerzynski Pierre , Mourgues Régis , Branquet Yannick , Cogné Nathan , Barré Guillaume , Gardien Véronique
Published: September 2023

In Western Europe, the deformations related to the opening of the Bay of Biscay and the formation of the Pyrenean belt are well described in the southern part of the Aquitaine Basin, but little is known about the impact of these geodynamic events towards the Northern Aquitaine Platform. In this paper, we combine field observation with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery and calcite U-Pb geochronology to determine precisely the tectonic evolution in the Vendée Coastal domain. We evidence two main tectonic events: (1) At the transition between the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, WNW-ESE striking normal faults formed horsts and grabens at the onset of the opening of the Bay of Biscay. The reactivation of Variscan faults during this tectonic event is consistent with oblique extension. This event triggered ascending fluid flows that mix with Basin fluids responsible for barite-pyrite-quartz mineralizations near the unconformity. (2) During the Late Cretaceous, fractures, wide-open folds, veins, and joints are consistent with the N-S shortening direction during the earliest stages of the Pyrenenan compression.

In both cases, the Northern Aquitaine Platform records the early stages of the main regional tectonic events in a far-field position. In the northern Aquitaine Basin, as in many other places in Europe, the tectonic study of sedimentary platforms located far from the plate boundaries provides new constraints on the early diffuse deformation process that predate the main tectonic phases.
Semi-Classical Observation Suffices for Observability: Wave and Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Burq Nicolas , Dehman Belhassen , Le Rousseau Jérôme
Published: September 2023

For the linear wave and Schrödinger equations we show how observability can be deduced from the observability of solutions localized in frequency with a dyadic scale.
Update malignes Melanom
Authors: Bubenzer Rainer H.
Published: September 2023

In der Therapie des malignen Melanoms hat sich in den letzten Jahren einiges verbessert. Mit Einführung zielgerichteter Therapien und Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren gibt es nun Möglichkeiten für ein verbessertes Langzeitüberleben bei guter Lebensqualität. Über die Erstversorgung des Melanoms, den aktuellen Stand der adjuvanten und neoadjuvanten Therapie, das Vorgehen beim inoperablen metastasierten Melanom und über vielversprechende Biomarker diskutierten Expert*innen auf der diesjährigen 52. Tagung der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG).
Spinat und Ecdysteroide
Authors: Hermann Rita
Published: September 2023

Spätestens mit der Comic-Figur Popeye gilt Spinat als kraftbringend und
leistungssteigernd. An seiner anabolen Wirkung scheint tatsächlich etwas
dran zu sein. Im Fokus der Wissenschaft stehen die im Spinat enthaltenen
Ecdysteroide. Der Beitrag fasst die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zusammen.
Multiples Myelom
Authors: Freye Reimund
Published: September 2023

Auf dem diesjährigen Kongress der European Hematology Association (EHA) thematisierte Dr. Amrita Krishnan, Duarte (USA), neue Medikamente für das rezidivierende/refraktäre Multiple Myelom (r/r MM). Wenn eine autologe Stammzelltransplantation nicht möglich ist, stehen Kombinationen aus Proteasom-Inhibitoren (PI), Immunmodulatoren (iMiD) und Dexamethason zur Verfügung, ergänzt durch Zugabe eines CD38-Antikörpers.
Real-World-Daten zum NSCLC
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: September 2023

Bei älteren Patienten mit nicht-kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) sind die Immunchemotherapie und die alleinige Immuntherapie in der ersten Linie vergleichbar effektiv. Allerdings induziert die Immunchemotherapie mehr Toxizitäten, sodass die alleinige Immuntherapie mit Checkpoint-Inhibitioren (CPI) zu bevorzugen ist.
Paradigmenwechsel in der Diabetologie
Authors: Zielinski Johanna
Published: September 2023

Diabetes ist weltweit auf dem Vormarsch. Neben dem Typ-1-Diabetes, bei dem durch
die chronische Erkrankung kein Insulin mehr gebildet werden kann, existiert die
Typ-2-Variante. Auch beim Typ-2-Diabetes ist die Veranlagung zur Krankheit
vorhanden. Jedoch lässt sich in diesem Falle das Risiko, an Diabetes zu
erkranken, durch den eigenen Lebensstil verringern. Ein neuer
patientenorientierter Ansatz soll nun das Leben mit Diabetes erleichtern.
Temporal Ordering and Auditory Resolution in Individuals with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Andrade Adriana Neves de , Sanfins Milaine Dominici , Skarzynska Magdalena Beata , Skarzynski Piotr Henryk , Gil Daniela
Published: September 2023

Introduction Peripheral hearing loss, besides causing inadequate auditory input, can lead to distortions in the tonotopic auditory map and reorganization of neural networks. Therefore, the processing of temporal aspects of a sound stimulus and, consequently, the effectiveness of human communication can be negatively impacted.

Objective To test the temporal ordering and auditory resolution of people with mild and moderate sensorineural hearing loss and to compare them with the those of people with normal hearing.

Methods A total of 19 right-handed individuals aged 16 to 59 years with mild to moderate postlingually acquired symmetric bilateral sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study. They were submitted to frequency and duration pattern tests and a random gap detection test.

Results The mean correct response rate in the frequency pattern test was of 66.3%, and, in the duration pattern test, 71.7%. The mean threshold in the random gap detection test was of 14.1 ms. A comparison with the criteria established for normal subjects without peripheral hearing loss revealed that more than half the subjects had abnormal results in the temporal ordering test, while a smaller fraction had reduced temporal resolution.

Conclusions The performance of the subjects with acquired sensorineural hearing loss was poorer than that of the participants without peripheral hearing loss. Their results on the temporal ordering test were also poorer than in the temporal resolution test, demonstrating the importance of analyzing both these auditory skills in people with peripheral hearing loss.
Blood-Based Biomarkers for Neuroprognostication in Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Nguyen Andrew M. , Saini Vishal , Hinson H. E.
Published: September 2023

Acute brain injury causes loss of functionality in patients that often is devastating. Predicting the degree of functional loss and overall prognosis requires a multifaceted approach to help patients, and more so their families, make important decisions regarding plans and goals of care. A variety of blood-based markers have been studied as one aspect of this determination. In this review, we discuss CNS-derived and systemic markers that have been studied for neuroprognostication purposes. We discuss the foundation of each protein, the conditions in which it has been studied, and how the literature has used these markers for interpretation. We also discuss challenges to using each marker in each section as well.
Realis morphology and Chatino’s role in the diversification of Zapotec languages
Authors: Beam de Azcona Rosemary G.
Published: September 2023

This paper concerns a semantic change whereby a continuous aspect prefix was reinterpreted as marking realis
mood. This change took place in Chatino and then diffused to the Southern Zapotec subgroup, contributing to the genetic
diversification of the Zapotec languages. Proto-Zapotecan marked irrealis mood with *k- and did not mark realis. *n- indicated
continuous aspect and could concatenate with perfective *ku- to render a resultative reading. A continuous-marked positional verb
*n-te later grammaticalized as a progressive prefix in Chatino. As both perfective and progressive refer to (at least partially)
realized situations, *n- was reanalyzed as a marker of realis mood that could concatenate with aspectual viewpoint prefixes. The
realis prefix is shown to be one of several traits diffused from Chatino which contribute to the creation of the Southern Zapotec
clade and its divergence from Monte Albán Zapotec.