bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromogranin A plasma levels predict mortality in COVID-19
Authors: De Lorenzo Rebecca , Sciorati Clara , Ramirez Giuseppe A. , Colombo Barbara , Lorè Nicola I. , Capobianco Annalisa , Tresoldi Cristina ,   Bio Angels for COVID-BioB Study Group, Cirillo Daniela M. , Ciceri Fabio , Corti Angelo , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Manfredi Angelo A.
Published: April 2022

Background

Chromogranin A (CgA) and its fragment vasostatin I (VS-I) are secreted in the blood by endocrine/neuroendocrine cells and regulate stress responses. Their involvement in Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) has not been investigated.

Methods

CgA and VS-I plasma concentrations were measured at hospital admission from March to May 2020 in 190 patients. 40 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. CgA and VS-I levels relationship with demographics, comorbidities and disease severity was assessed through Mann Whitney U test or Spearman correlation test. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan Meier survival curves were performed to investigate the impact of the CgA and VS-I levels on in-hospital mortality.

Results

Median CgA and VS-I levels were higher in patients than in healthy controls (CgA: 0.558 nM [interquartile range, IQR 0.358–1.046] vs 0.368 nM [IQR 0.288–0.490] respectively, p = 0.0017; VS-I: 0.357 nM [IQR 0.196–0.465] vs 0.144 nM [0.144–0.156] respectively, p<0.0001). Concentration of CgA, but not of VS-I, significantly increased in patients who died (n = 47) than in survivors (n = 143) (median 0.948 nM [IQR 0.514–1.754] vs 0.507 nM [IQR 0.343–0.785], p = 0.00026). Levels of CgA were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio 1.28 [95% confidence interval 1.077–1.522], p = 0.005) when adjusted for age, number of comorbidities, respiratory insufficiency degree, C-reactive protein levels and time from symptom onset to sampling. Kaplan Meier curves revealed a significantly increased mortality rate in patients with CgA levels above 0.558 nM (median value, log rank test, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Plasma CgA levels increase in COVID-19 patients and represent an early independent predictor of mortality.
Composition of trace residues from the contents of 11th–12th century sphero-conical vessels from Jerusalem
Authors: Matheson Carney D. , Vickruck Cory R. , McEvoy Chris J. , Vernon Kim K. , Mason Robert
Published: April 2022

The residues from the internal surface of four archaeological ceramic sherds, excavated from the Armenian Gardens, Jerusalem were analysed to characterise the contents of the original vessel. The sherds derive from four small, thick-walled, sphero-conical vessels recovered from a destruction layer, dating between the 11th and 12th century, Jerusalem. The residue has been analysed using light microscopy, biochemical characterisation, gas chromatography mass spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry. This analysis established the presence of various compounds including fatty acids and notable levels of mercury, sulphur, aluminium, potassium, magnesium, nitrates and phosphorous. The contents and probable functions of the four vessels were characterised from the residues on these sherds as different from each other, reflecting their different decoration, manufacture and ceramic typologies. One of these vessels contains residue that indicate the vessel held oils. The residue of the second vessel is consistent with either scented materials or medicinal contents, while a third probably contained medicinal material. The unique fourth sherd is from a stoneware sphero-conical vessel with very thick walls, no decoration and the residue supports the possibility it was used for the storage of chemicals or may have held the chemical ingredients for an explosive device, consistent with a medieval grenade. This residue analysis of Mamluk sphero-conical vessels provides insight into luxury items, medicines, technology and trade in medieval Jerusalem.
The predictive potential of different molecular markers linked to amikacin susceptibility phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Nageeb Wedad M. , Hetta Helal F.
Published: April 2022

Informed antibiotic prescription offers a practical solution to antibiotic resistance problem. With the increasing affordability of different sequencing technologies, molecular-based resistance prediction would direct proper antibiotic selection and preserve available agents. Amikacin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside exhibiting higher clinical efficacy and less resistance rates inPs.aeruginosadue to its structural nature and its ability to achieve higher serum concentrations at lower therapeutic doses. This study examines the predictive potential of molecular markers underlying amikacin susceptibility phenotypes in order to provide improved diagnostic panels. Using a predictive model, genes and variants underlying amikacin resistance have been statistically and functionally explored in a large comprehensive and diverse set ofPs.aeruginosacompletely sequenced genomes. Different genes and variants have been examined for their predictive potential and functional correlation to amikacin susceptibility phenotypes. Three predictive sets of molecular markers have been identified and can be used in a complementary manner, offering promising molecular diagnostics.armR,nalC,nalD,mexR,mexZ,ampR,rmtD,nalDSer32Asn,fusA1Y552C,fusA1D588G,arnAA170T, andarnDG206C have been identified as the best amikacin resistance predictors inPs.aeruginosawhilefaoAT385A,nuoGA890T,nuoGA574T,lptAT55A,lptAR62S,pstBR87C,gidBE126G,gidBQ28K,amgSE108Q, andrplYQ41L have been identified as the best amikacin susceptibility predictors. Combining different measures of predictive performance together with further functional analysis can help design new and more informative molecular diagnostic panels. This would greatly inform and direct point of care diagnosis and prescription, which would consequently preserve amikacin functionality and usefulness.
Considerations in evaluating equipment-free blood culture bottles: A short protocol for use in low-resource settings
Authors: Ombelet Sien , Natale Alessandra , Ronat Jean-Baptiste , Vandenberg Olivier , Jacobs Jan , Hardy Liselotte
Published: April 2022

Use of equipment-free, “manual” blood cultures is still widespread in low-resource settings, as requirements for implementation of automated systems are often not met. Quality of manual blood culture bottles currently on the market, however, is usually unknown. An acceptable quality in terms of yield and speed of growth can be ensured by evaluating the bottles using simulated blood cultures. In these experiments, bottles from different systems are inoculated in parallel with blood and a known quantity of bacteria. Based on literature review and personal experiences, we propose a short and practical protocol for an efficient evaluation of manual blood culture bottles, aimed at research or reference laboratories in low-resource settings. Recommendations include: (1) practical equivalence of horse blood and human blood; (2) a diverse selection of 10 to 20 micro-organisms to be tested (both slow- and fast-growing reference organisms); (3) evaluation of both adult and pediatric bottle formulations and blood volumes; (4) a minimum sample size of 120 bottles per bottle type; (5) a formal assessment of usability. Different testing scenarios for increasing levels of reliability are provided, along with practical tools such as worksheets and surveys that can be used by laboratories wishing to evaluate manual blood culture bottles.
Methodology for laboratory-based antimicrobial resistance surveillance in animals
Authors: Al Amin Md. , Pasha Monirul Haque , Hoque M. Nazmul , Siddiki Amam Zonaed , Saha Sukumar , Kamal Md. Mostofa
Published: April 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a crucial and emerging multifactorial "One Health" problem involving human and animal health, agriculture, aquaculture, and environment; and posing a potential public health hazard globally. The containment of AMR justifies effective surveillance programs to explicate the magnitude of the problem across the contributing sectors. Laboratory-based AMR testing and characterization is the key component of an AMR surveillance program. An AMR surveillance program should have a "top management" for fund mobilization, planning, formulating, and multilateral coordinating of the surveillance activities. The top management should identify competent participating laboratories to form a network comprising a reference laboratory and an adequate number of sentinel laboratories. The responsibilities of the reference laboratory include the development of standardized test methods for ensuring quality and homogeneity of surveillance activities, providing training to the laboratory personnel, and in-depth AMR characterization. The sentinel laboratories will take the responsibilities of receiving samples, isolation and identification of microbes, and initial AMR characterization. The sentinel laboratories will use simple antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) methods such as disk diffusion tests, whereas the reference laboratories should use automated quantitative AST methods as well as advanced molecular methods to explicit AMR emergence mechanisms. Standard guidelines set by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, should be followed to bring about conformity and harmonization in the AST procedures. AMR surveillance program in animals is eventually similar to that in human health with the exception is that veterinary antibiotics and veterinary pathogens should be given preference here. Hence, the review study was envisaged to look deep into the structure of the AMR surveillance program with significance on laboratory-based AMR testing and characterization methods.
Vegan diet as a possible cause of mental and physical disorders due to vitamin B12 deficiency in an adolescent patient
Authors: Gruber Ema , Martic Biocina Sanja
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Recent studies show that a vegan diet causes a deficiency of vitamins (especially B12) and minerals. This can lead to severe physical and mental illnesses. On the other hand, the vegan diet is recommended as a preventative measure against cardiovascular diseases and is a growing trend among young people in developed countries for ideological reasons such as animal welfare and climate protection.

Objectives

To show the importance of anamnesis of nutrition and vitamin B12 status in treatment of varied mental and physical symptoms in an adolescent.

Methods

The poster shows the case study of an adolescent girl who sought psychological help for nightmares and symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as physical symptomsin the form of disturbed menstruation, fatigue and weakness, lethargy, dizziness, undifferentiated abdominal pain with nausea, and weight gain. All of which affected her academic success at university and daily functioning. An anamnesis showed that she has been following a vegetarian dietfor 4 years and a vegan diet for two months.

Results

Laboratory tests showed a deficiency of vitamin B12 (130 pmol/L) and 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D (D3+D2) (47 nmol/l) and slightly elevated TSH levels (4,2x10-3 IU/L). These tests can explain the patient’s symptoms. Other laboratory results were in the normal range. A treatment with psychological therapy and vitamin supplements was commenced. Discussion reviews, among else, recent literature findings on correlation of vitamin B12 deficiency and a vegan diet.

Conclusion

Nutrition and vitamin B12 status should be investigated during anamnesis of adolescent patients presenting with varied mental andphysical symptoms.
Cultura de datos en la trata de seres humanos: informe técnico de investigación
Authors:   Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Castaño Reyero María José , Aller Floreancig Tomás ,   Instituto de Innovación, Desarrollo e Impacto Social, Barrio Lema Clara Isabel ,   Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Díez Velasco Isabel , Izquierdo García Javier ,   Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Maffeis Pacheco Gizela ,   Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Suja Lucía Ana Cristina ,   Universidad Pontificia Comillas
Published: April 2022

Este proyecto, liderado por el Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones (IUEM) en colaboración con Unicef Comité Español, investiga las tendencias, lagunas y retos a la hora de recoger, analizar, compartir y utilizar los datos en materia de trata de seres humanos con el fin de poder tomar mejores decisiones. Para ello, se ha servido de dos herramientas esenciales: la estadística y la innovación tecnológica. Tras más de dos años de investigación, el proyecto Cultura de Datos en la Trata de Seres Humanos ha logrado estimar la “cifra oculta” de víctimas de trata en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid para el periodo 2015-2019, y ha sentado las bases para una aplicación tecnológica basada en tecnología blockchain permita el acceso a derechos de las personas en procesos de trata y explotación, así como la interoperabilidad institucional de las organizaciones y autoridades que las asisten.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Short Physical Performance Battery in Detecting Frailty and Prefrailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results From the PRO-EVA Study
Authors: Gonçalves Rafaella Silva dos Santos Aguiar , Ribeiro Karyna Myrelly Oliveira Bezerra de Figueiredo , Fernandes Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes , de Andrade Luiz Eduardo Lima , Lira Maria das Graças de Araújo , do Nascimento Rafaela Andrade , Vieira Mariana Carmem Apolinário , Maciel Álvaro Campos Cavalcanti
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose:

The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is widely used for older adults since it has a high level of validity, reliability, and responsiveness in measuring function in this population. However, only a few studies of diagnostic accuracy have assessed SPPB capacity in detecting frailty and prefrailty by estimating more detailed measurement properties. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the SPPB's diagnostic accuracy in detecting frailty and prefrailty, in addition to identifying cut-off points for walking time and chair stand time.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study composed of 786 community-dwelling older adults 60 years or older, in which sociodemographic and anthropometric data, frailty phenotype, and total SPPB score, as well as walking time and chair stand time, were assessed. Analysis of a receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to identify the cut-off point, sensitivity, and specificity in the total SPPB score, as well as the walking time and chair stand time for frailty and prefrailty screening. Accuracy and positive and negative predictive values were subsequently calculated.

Results and Discussion:

The cut-off points identified for the total SPPB score, walking time, and chair stand time were 9 points or less (accuracy of 72.6%), 5 seconds or less, and 13 seconds or less, respectively, for frailty screening and 11 points or less (accuracy of 58.7%), 4 seconds or less, and 10 seconds or less, respectively, for prefrailty screening. The walking time showed greater frailty discriminatory capacity compared with the chair stand time (effect size = 1.24 vs 0.64; sensitivity = 69% vs 59%; and specificity = 84% vs 75%).

Conclusions:

The total SPPB score has good diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between nonfrail and frail older adults using a cut-off point of 9 or less, being better to identify the true negatives (older adults who are not frail). Although the SPPB's diagnostic accuracy measures for detecting prefrailty were low to moderate, this instrument can help in screening prefrail older adults from the cutoff point of 11 or less in the total SPPB score. Identification of prefrail older adults enables implementing early treatment in this target audience and can prevent their advance to frailty.
Capturing the Northern Lights
Authors: Amery Fiona
Published: April 2022

This article explores the influence of conventions set by The Photographic Atlas of Auroral Forms, published by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (1930), on protocols employed at Arctic stations researching the aurora borealis during the Second International Polar Year (1932–1933). The atlas was created by a committee led by Professor Carl Størmer, the leading auroral scientist of the early twentieth century. It categorized auroral forms, established codes for viewing the phenomenon through the camera lens, and provided a multitude of carefully selected photographs to direct the reader. Responding to a call for greater emphasis on verticality in studies of twentieth-century atmospheric science, this paper addresses the vertical dimension as both a consideration in the process of visually documenting the fleeting and intangible forms of the aurora as well as a subject of study in its own right, in relation to altitude measurements of the phenomenon. With a focus on the specific instrumentation used, light is shed on the difficulties of calibration across polar stations, bodily comportments involved in viewing aurorae, and properties of the northern lights revealed through temporal distance from the display. In seeking to answer the methodological question of whether atlases reflect the reality of scientific practices, I analyze how The Atlas of Auroral Forms affected observational routines among Norwegian, British, Canadian, American, and Dutch polar year groups. Emphasis is placed on instances of divergence from its guidance to demonstrate that research practices do not always follow inexorably from an instructive text, even given the most favorable of conditions.
The mathematical model for lateral stiffness of variable length conical spring
Authors: Al-Din Tahir Muhammad Safa , Hassan Shakir Sakran , Chiad Jumaa Salman
Published: April 2022

One form of energy storage in spring is applying a bending moment and converting it into tilt at the head of the spring as strain energy. The relationship between them is the lateral stiffness of the spring. The aim is to find a mathematical equation for the lateral stiffness of the spring and the effect of the length of the spring on the behavior of stiffness.

The mathematical model is created according to Castigliano’s second theorem. A simulated model of a conical spring is built using a Solid Work program. The theoretical results are compared with the mathematical model for the same conical spring.

Results of both theoretical and simulated models evinced a linear behavior of lateral, while an exponential relationship between the length of the spring and the lateral stiffness is indicated. The difference between theoretical and simulated models is not exceeded 3.2%, which indicates the acceptability of results.
Optimal material selection based on finite element method for manufacturing hip implant
Authors: Kadhim Fahad Mohanad , Gheni Emad Zuhair , Naiyf Athmar Thamer , Al-Din Tahir Muhammad Safa
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to simulate material selection for fabricating hip joint prostheses from light-weight, low-cost materials which are also strong and durable. In this study, Co-Cr alloy CoCrWNi (F90), stainless steel ASIS 410, and titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) material selection as the potential candidate for the suggested implant to manufacture a joint that is characterized by lightweight, low cost, does not react chemically with the human body and can bear the weight of the patient without mechanical failure. With this study, it was concluded the stainless steel ASIS 410 was selected as the best material selection since it passed engineering analysis, acceptable weight, and low cost compared to other proposed materials.
Measurement uncertainty for mechanical resistance of manufactured steel bar
Authors: Dhoska Klodian , Lumi Drakuli , Sulejmani Anis , Koça Odhise
Published: April 2022

This research work has been focused on estimation of the measurement uncertainty for different steel reinforcement bars. The investigated material was HRB400 steel reinforcement with approximately diameter 16 mm and length 500 mm by using uniaxial tensile testing device. International standard ISO 6892: 2016 and guide for measurement uncertainty have been implemented an accurate method to determine the measurement uncertainty of HRB400 steel reinforcement bar measurements. The results of expanded uncertainty for 569.47 N/mm−2 correspond to 0.76 N/mm−2, which fulfil the international standard requirements. This accurate method can be used in most of the accredited laboratories as inspection services of steel reinforcement bar by using uniaxial tensile testing device at good accuracy.
Necking limit analysis of thin wall aerosol can
Authors: Dessie Jemal Ebrahim , Lukacs Zsolt
Published: April 2022

Because of thin wall thicknesses and closed bottom ends of the extruded aerosol can, the necking limit analysis needs intensive investigation. The numerical analysis of the necking process of 0.45 mm thickness pure aluminum aerosol can was carried out. The result indicated that the length of the aerosol can wall, which is not fixed by the bottom die and the angle of inclination of necking tools are important factors that affect the development of deformation boundary limits due to plastic instability of local buckling. The fraction of taper angle of tool becomes more series parameter while necking at larger free length and it needs more concentration. Instead, the ratio of necking tool displacement to the total free length to initiate buckling was increased while increasing free length.
A study on the characteristics of traditional Manchu dwellings in Northeast China
Authors: Zhao Liangyu
Published: April 2022

China has a lengthy and glorious history spanning thousands of years. Traditional dwellings represent distinct regional cultural origins, and different forms of housing constructions have arisen as a result. However, traditional dwellings preserve area culture and specific life memories as a fundamental component of rural life. From the perspective of conventional dwellings, this paper takes the representative Manchu folk houses in Northeast China as an example. It discusses the architectural structure, appearance style, and overall style of Manchu folk dwellings and the cultural dimension of architecture and its distinctive value under the impact of regional culture.
Analysis of the urban structure and revitalization of Vasil Andoni Street
Authors: Jagxhiu Besa , Agushi Art
Published: April 2022

The historic zone of Prishtina is part of the city that represents the historic and environmental values of the city, with a rich built heritage as residential, commercial, handicraft, religious. Unfortunately, this rich heritage is heading towards total loss from the neglect and various degradations that are taking place. This research aims to analyze the urban structure of the historic zone of Prishtina, in particular Vasil Andoni Street. Based on the results from research methodology used, comprised from analysis, comparisons, interviews, and questionnaire, this paper aims to give a design proposal for urban revitalization of the Vasil Andoni Street, that would provide the sustainable development of the area, in physical, social, economic and spatial aspect, while protecting and respecting the cultural heritage of the zone.
El blog: una herramienta para mejorar la lectoescritura en el aula
Authors: Mejía-Cadavid Lorena Isabel , Botero-Escobar Ángela María
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo analiza los aportes de la autora en una investigación – acción intitulada Blog: Una herramienta para mejorar la lectoescritura en el aula. Tiene como objetivo general, analizar el potencial del Blog como herramienta para mejorar la lectoescritura en el aula. Está sustentado en los criterios teóricos de Cabero (2006), Mayer (2001), Martínez - Peniche (2004), Lara (2007), Ministerio de Educación Nacional MEN (2006), Cobo y Pardo (2007), Miranda - Pinto y Osorio (2008), Siemens (2009), Valero (2009), Ferreiro y Teberosky, (1972), entre otros. Metodológicamente, se orientó bajo el paradigma interpretativo de la investigación, con enfoque cualitativo. Para cumplir con el objetivo propuesto se emplearon técnicas de análisis documental como la codificación, categorización y triangulación de datos. Se concluye que el Blog: Una herramienta para mejorar la lectoescritura en el aula, además de contribuir al fortalecimiento de estos procesos fundamentales, facilita la mediación para el desarrollo de competencias en lectura y escritura, mejora la planificación del trabajo escolar; estimula la motivación académica en docentes y estudiantes; y contribuye a la evaluación y seguimiento de las competencias lectoras y de escritura.
Drug hypersensitivity: Mechanisms and opportunities of laboratory diagnostics
Authors: Bychkova N. V.
Published: April 2022

Permanently increased frequency of drug hypersensitivity is observed throughout the world and continues to be of concern to clinicians of either discipline. Diagnostic problems with prevention and treatment of hypersensitivity reactions are due to different pathogenetic mechanisms that may underly similar clinical manifestations. On the other hand, clinical symptoms, response to therapy and the outcome of the disease significantly depend on clinical state of the patient. The phenotypes which are determined by clinical manifestations, and endotypes dependent on the pathogenetic mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions were specified to the purpose of personalized therapy. Two kinds of phenotypes are described: with immediate (1-6 hours) and delayed (more than 6 hours) onset of the response. Four types of hypersensitivity according to Gell and Coombs with the presence of primary sensitization are discerned between the endotypes. Moreover, interaction of drugs with immune receptors of lymphocytes, according to the Pichler’s pharmaco-immune concept, has been identified, along with quick impact of drugs directly upon receptors of effector cells and signaling cascades without primary sensitization, which was previously termed as “pseudo-allergy”. To optimize therapy and prevent repeated reactions in the patients with drug hypersensitivity, high-quality diagnostics with detection of the causal allergen is required. This strategy currently includes analysis of medical history, physical examination as well as in vivo and in vitro testing. Provocation tests are rarely used, due to the significant risk of severe adverse reactions. Skin tests are a reliable and cost-effective tool, if the case history infers possibility of IgE-dependent reactions. Among nonspecific laboratory markers, the greatest clinical value is shown for determining serum tryptase levels, especially in anaphylactic reactions. In addition to genetic testing, several specific laboratory methods are used, i.e., measuring levels of drug-specific IgE, assessment of antigen-induced activation and proliferation of lymphocytes as well as basophil activation test, which has a number of advantages and allows us to identify a causally significant allergen for the hypersensitivity reactions proceeding by various mechanisms. Due to dysregulation which is a key factor of allergic inflammation, the mechanisms of normalization for impaired immune regulation should be understood, thus offering new strategies for personalized treatment, e.c., modulating the regulatory cell functions, aiming for control of the drug hypersensitivity reactions.
Environmentdependent microcirculatory and autonomic neurovascular changes in the children with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Berezhanskiy P. V. , Tataurschikova N. S.
Published: April 2022

Recently, the studies of environmental effects upon public health of children become quite relevant [1, 12, 20]. Over last decades, there is a rapid increase in allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, among the child population. A large number of studies connect this increment in pediatric allergies with influence of environment, technogenic development and urbanization [4]. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most pressing problems in allergology and immunology [2], being among the most common chronic disorders in children [6, 21]. Thus, it was found that the pathogenesis of AR is a complex mechanism that is not limited to a purely allergic reaction and inflammation in the nasal region. It includes complex mechanisms of neurogenic inflammation under participation of the main neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, which are closely related to the individual condition of endocrine and immune systems, being largely determined by the state of mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and respiratory tract in general. The pathogenesis of AR is primarily influenced by the state of microvasculature of the mucous membrane, as well as dictinct qualitative and quantitative characteristics of microbiocenosis of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx, upper and lower respiratory tract. All these parameters are directly determined by neurovegetative mechanisms [5, 7, 9, 16]. An important place in the pathogenesis of the development of allergic diseases belongs to changes of the microcirculation system which is involved into all the clinical manifestations observed. The microcirculation disorders play an important initial triggering role in pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Likewise, the autonomic nervous system is responsible for setting links between the body, ambient and internal environment via regulation of metabolism, functioning of organs and tissues based on changes in this environment; it also provides integration of all organs into a single entity, acting as one of the main adaptive systems in human body [13]. Therefore, the autonomic nervous system regulates the body and homeostasis by unifying the separate pathogenetic links of disease progression and setting basis for structural and functional unity [3, 19]. This regulatory mechanism is implemented via nerves and reflexes by different neurohumoral factors. Their nature has been established under experimental conditions and is beyond doubt to date [8].
Immune changes at the injured sites in oxazolone-induced ulcerous colitis: Influence of ozone therapy
Authors: Davydova E. V. , Osikov M. V. , Kaigorodtseva N. V.
Published: April 2022

Impaired immunoregulation and development of autoimmune response to antigens of own intestinal microbiota and inflammation-altered antigens of colonic cells represent the key links in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Multimodal biological effects of ozone presunme the usage of local and systemic ozone therapy in complex treatment of many inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of our work was to study effects of intraperitoneal and rectal ozone therapy upon immune parameters of the lesion focus in oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis in the course of time. The study was carried out on 64 adult male inbred Wistar rats weighing 240±20 g. Experimental ulcerative colitis was produced by oxazolone treatment (4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one) (SigmaAldrich, USA). The ozone-oxygen mixture was injected intraperitoneally or rectally at a concentration of 1.0-1.2 mg/l, once a day, in a volume of 10 ml, at the 6-day course. The results of experiments were recorded on the days +2, +4 and +6. The concentrations of IL-17 and IL-23 was determined in a homogenate of intestinal tissues (Bender Medsystems, Austria) using a Personal LAB analyzer; expression of CD4 and FoxP3 on intestinal lymphocytes was determined by immunohistochemistry technique (ElisaKit, China). The observed tissue damage of large intestine showed an increase from day 2 to day 6 of oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis. The total number of lymphocytes significantly increased upon development of experimental colitis, with parallel decrease in the number of CD4+ lymphocytes and FoxP3-positive T lymphocytes. IL-17 and IL-23 concentrations in the tissues increased with the severity of inflammatory changes in the lesion focus. Intraperitoneal ozone administration was associated with significant reduction of lymphocyte contents in the damaged tissues on the 6th day, whereas the numbers of CD4+ and FoxP3 positive T lymphocytes normalized by the 6th day. The levels of IL-17 and IL-23 increased from day 2 to day 6, with a lower IL-23 values on day 6 as compared with non-treated animals. Rectal administration of ACS led to the normalization of FoxP3 cells on the 6th day to the values of intact animals. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17 and IL-23) significantly decreased on the 6th day as compared to the group of animals without treatment, which could be due to anti-inflammatory properties of ozone.
Role of leucocytes in liver damage in experimental models of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Baykenova M. B. , Sokolova K. V. , Gette I. F. , Danilova I. G.
Published: April 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, which results from insufficient secretion of insulin and/or its action, thus leading to hyperglycemia. Liver damage is known to be among the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and is common in T1D. Comparison of the leukocyte phenotypes in liver tissue with appropriate blood parameters may assess degree of liver damage and search for approaches to correction of liver destruction in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we aimed for assessment of changes in liver injury markers in blood and the numbers of leucocytes (CD45+cells), T lymphocytes (CD3+cells) and macrophages in the liver in experimental models of types 1 and 2diabetes. The experiment was conducted on 30 male Wistar rats. Alloxan at the dose of 170 mg/kg of body weight was used for T1D modeling. To provide a model of T2D, streptozotocin and nicotinamide were injected at the doses of 65 mg/kg, and 110 mg/kg respectively. Intact animals were used as a comparison control. Biochemical, hematological, immunohistochemical and morphometrical methods were used in the study. In T1D and T2D groups, levels of glucose (10.88±0.47 mmol/l and 10.78±0.42 mmol/l) and glycosylated hemoglobin (6.73±0.78% and 6.60±0.20% correspondingly) were rather close to each other and exceeded the values of intact rats (5.20±0.40 mmol/l and 4.07±0.30%). At the same time, the increase in total leucocyte number and fraction of peripheral blood leucocytes against normal levels were more pronounced in the T2D group than in T2D group. In liver of rats from the both diabetic groups, increased numbers of sinusoidal cells, macrophages, CD45+cells and CD3+ cells relative to intact rats were detected. However, in rats from T1D group, CD45+cells were distributed, mainly, in the liver parenchyma, whereas in rats in T2D group they showed sinusoidal location. At a similar degree of increasing macrophage numbers, and total CD45+cells number, higher counts of sinusoidal cells and CD3+cells, located both in the parenchyma and perivascular area, were found in rats of T2DM group compared with this parameter in T1DM group. An increase in ALT activity confirms a more significant damage to liver cells in animals of the T2DM group, whereas, in T1DM group, an increased AST activity and a less pronounced increase in ALT activity indicate uniformly distributed cytolysis. The results of our study showed, that, despite similar hyperglycemia level, the inflammatory process at the level of the whole organism and local inflammatory process in the liver are more pronounced in the T2DM group. A more significant severity of inflammatory process and liver damage corresponds to increase in sinusoidal cells and CD3+cell infiltration of liver tissue.
Numeral Adjectives in Russian Toponymy: Variation and Standardization
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Dambuev Igor A.
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the use of adjective numerals in Russian toponymy retrieved from the State Catalogue of Geographical Names, normative legal acts, reference books of administrative-territorial divisions and topographic maps. The object of the study is toponyms with ordinal numerals that perform the function of numbering differentiation. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of standardization of toponyms with numerals. Numerous examples of variation in the spelling of toponyms with ordinal numerals have been found. Ordinal numbers in toponyms can be expressed in Arabic numerals, Roman numerals, verbal way, alphanumeric way. The following models of writing toponyms with ordinal numbers are identified: Kamenka II, Kamenka-2, Vtoraya Kamenka, Kamenka Vtoraya, Kamenka-Vtoraya, 2-ya Kamenka, Kamenka 2-ya. The article presents the results of a linguo-statistical study that showed the usage frequency for the models of writing numerals in toponyms both on a national scale and for each region separately. The State Catalogue of Geographical Names showcases that the most frequent models of writing toponyms with numerals are Kamenka 2-ya and Vtoraya Kamenka. Other models are much less common. The author substantiates the use of a particular model for writing numerals based on their representation in texts of various types, the guides for writing geographical names on maps, current spelling rules, and linguistic features of proper names. Despite the recent trend for standardization, the study results show the lack of common approaches to writing toponyms with numerals in different territorial bodies. The revealed discrepancies in the use of Roman and Arabic numerals in toponyms, the neglect for the recommended norms of writing toponyms with numerals require improving the spelling rules of writing geographical names.
Urban Toponymy as a Means of Manifesting Regional Identity: The Case of Ufa City
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Golomidova Marina V.
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the representation of regional identity in urban toponymy. The author focuses on the role of municipal toponymic policy in the manifestation and construction of a new regional identity. It is found that the efficiency of local policy in regards to place names builds on the effective use of cultural and symbolic capital as well as a sustained emphasis on their uniqueness. Several aspects of regional identity in toponymic practices are identified. These are the linguistic culture which ensures the creation and use of urban toponyms, general knowledge about the natural and geographical features of the territory, its historical and cultural specificity, values shared by the community, behavioral stereotypes inherent in the population. The author uses semantic onomasiological analysis and the material of the urban toponymy of Ufa, the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan, to explore the modifications of urban toponymic system in the post-Soviet period. It is noted that the consistency of the official representation of the toponyms including their visual forms placed in the urban environment is of primary importance. In new toponymic practices, there is a growing tendency for ethnicization and drawing attention to the Bashkir culture, science, history, folklore, and the unique nature of the region. Another trend for the urban place names is to promote tolerant inter-ethnic relations and manifestation of aesthetic values, cultivating emotional-evaluative and figurative representation of space. At the same time, the author states that there is a gap between the public demand for a consistent toponymic manifestation of regional identity and the lack of a balanced conceptual platform for toponymic policy, which complicates the task of building an integrated toponymic system within a particular urban territory.
Metabolism Determination By Soft Computing Methods From Breath Molecules
Authors: METLEK Sedat , AKMAN Hatice , BAYRAKLI Ismail
Published: April 2022

The breath analysis is a non-invasive risk-free and painless method used to diagnose specific diseases. Since the breath analysis method is a new study field than the other methods, there are many unsettled standards and unknown parameters. Numerous complex metabolisms are constantly working in the human body. Therefore, there are numerous unknown molecular relationships. ANN can produce solutions in these unexplained situations.

In our pilot study, breath of 19 healthy people has been analyzed. The TD / GC-MS method, which is an analytical method of breath analysis, has been used to detect molecules in the breaths. Using soft computing methods to the results of the 19 breath samples, the relation between fermentation and carbon hydrate metabolism has been associated with breath analysis technique. The results indicated that, there can be a relationship between these metabolisms. There must be done more studies for the exact results.
La maternidad subrogada: tendencias de regulación en Latinoamérica
Authors: Martínez Muñoz Karol X. , Rodriguez Yong Camilo Andres
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo tiene como propósito contribuir al estudio de la maternidad subrogada a través de la revisión de la experiencia latinoamericana. Para ello, busca identificar las características principales de dicha experiencia por medio de la revisión de la actividad legislativa y judicial de algunos países de la región (Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Chile, México, Uruguay y Venezuela) que han buscado regularla, o cuentan con decisiones judiciales al respecto. Dentro de este marco, el artículo se divide en dos partes principales. En la primera, se presentan algunas consideraciones generales sobre la maternidad subrogada. En la segunda, se identifican y exponen las señaladas características.
Latinoamérica no ha sido ajena al fenómeno de la maternidad subrogada. Por el contrario, su experiencia evidencia una clara intención de adoptar una postura frente a esta figura. Con todo, ante los conflictos y dilemas éticos, morales, políticos y jurídicos envueltos, dicha voluntad no se ha materializado por el legislador de forma mayoritaria y contundente. Por lo tanto, aunque se han presentado múltiples proyectos de ley, son muy pocos los países que cuentan con normas vigentes sobre la materia. Ante esta situación, el poder judicial ha debido resolver de forma parcial las problemáticas derivadas de la maternidad subrogada, con las consecuencias que ello acarrea, esto es, la ausencia de representacióndemocrática en la fijación de los parámetros que deben guiar la política estatal en un asunto como el estudiado, y la incertidumbre jurídica para los ciudadanos, fruto de la  discrecionalidad judicial.
Derecho y religión: interrelaciones entre dos ordenamientos propincuos
Authors: Méndez Reátegui Rubén , Sánchez Peinado Jesús María Navalpotro
Published: April 2022

La interacción entre derecho y religión como dos modos de regulación de la conducta humana es algo que parece inevitable, pese a las pretensiones de mutua independencia. El devenir histórico de sistemas monopolísticos (monista o dualista) de los poderes espiritual y temporal a sistemas pluralistas lleva a una laicidad estatal, y el objetivo ha de ser el respeto de los derechos fundamentales de la persona, incluso la libertad religiosa, con repercusión pública. Aunque el Estado muchas veces no ha sido capaz de articular ese equilibrio, solo en el mutuo reconocimiento es viable la interacción de hechos sociales relevantes.
Grammar Anxiety Scale: The Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: EKİNCİ ÇELİKPAZU Esra , TAŞDEMİR Fazilet
Published: April 2022

Anxiety is an affective variable that impacts learning negatively by impeding cognitive progress. Anxiety is associated with learners’ individual differences such as beliefs, attitudes, expectations, motivation, and emotions. It has been determined in many studies that anxiety affects language learning negatively and interferes with many types of learning. The purpose of this study is to develop a measurement tool that will determine the level of anxiety students experience or may experience during the learning process of grammar. The population of the study consists of Turkish Language Teaching students receiving education in the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample of the study comprised of 328 participants who were selected by the random sampling method among the students studying at public university in Turkey. When scale score ranges are examined, it is seen that high scores indicate high anxiety, and low scores indicate low anxiety. It was verified as a result of the analysis that the sub-factors of the scale are the components of this structure, which is called grammar anxiety, and that they form the determined structure together. It was concluded that the model and goodness of fit indices are at acceptable levels. The scale sub-factors of Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient were .92 for "emphasis on grammar learning", .87 for "learner beliefs" and .88 for "grammar learning experience". The internal consistency coefficient obtained for the whole scale was determined as .92. The obtained values also show that this scale is a reliable measurement tool for measuring grammar anxiety.
A meta-analysis study on the effectiveness of a cooperative learning model on vocational high school students’ mathematics learning outcomes
Authors: RİDWAN M. Rais , HADİ Samsul
Published: April 2022

Cooperative learning takes place when students work together in small groups to help each other comprehend a subject. This meta-analysis aims to determine the impact of cooperative learning on vocational high school students’ mathematics learning results compared to those that pertain to conventional learning. Data from 22 research studies, including the sample size, standard deviation, and mean for both the experimental and control groups and other information, were collected using descriptive analysis. The data analysis technique used meta-analysis on forest plots, with analytical techniques including heterogeneity testing, effect size calculation, summary effect calculation using a random-effects model, and identification of publication bias. The results showed that the effectiveness of cooperative learning was 0.89, which gave a medium effect on the mathematics learning outcomes of vocational high school students. The cooperative learning model also provides a measure of higher effectiveness in grade 11 than grade 10 and learning at a sample size of 1-30 students compared to more than 30 students. The effectiveness of cooperative learning on mathematics learning outcomes in the medium effect category, on the other hand, is dependent on grade level variables and sample size. This meta-analysis research provides information to teachers in Indonesia to implement cooperative learning based on the level and number of students in the class to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of vocational high school students.
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Authors: not provided dpcom
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