bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and 27-hydroxycholesterol in breast cancer
Authors: Kimbung Siker , Chang Ching-yi , Bendahl Pär-Ola , Dubois Laura , Thompson J Will , McDonnell Donald P , Borgquist Signe
Published: April 2017

The impact of systemic 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) and intratumoral CYP27A1 expression on pathobiology and clinical response to statins in breast cancer needs clarification. 27HC is an oxysterol produced from cholesterol by the monooxygenase CYP27A1, which regulates intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. 27HC also acts as an endogenous selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator capable of increasing breast cancer growth and metastasis. 27HC levels can be modulated by statins or direct inhibition of CYP27A1, thereby attenuating its pro-tumorigenic activities. Herein, the effect of statins on serum 27HC and tumor-specific CYP27A1 expression was evaluated in 42 breast cancer patients treated with atorvastatin within a phase II clinical trial. Further, the associations between CYP27A1 expression with other primary tumor pathological features and clinical outcomes were studied in two additional independent cohorts. Statin treatment effectively decreased serum 27HC and deregulated CYP27A1 expression in tumors. However, these changes were not associated with anti-proliferative responses to statin treatment.CYP27A1was heterogeneously expressed among primary tumors, with high expression significantly associated with high tumor grade, ER negativity and basal-like subtype. HighCYP27A1expression was independently prognostic for longer recurrence-free and overall survival. Importantly, the beneficial effect of highCYP27A1in ER-positive breast cancer seemed limited to women aged ≤50 years. These results establish a link between CYP27A1 and breast cancer pathobiology and prognosis and propose that the efficacy of statins in reducing serum lipids does not directly translate to anti-proliferative effects in tumors. Changes in other undetermined serum or tumor factors suggestively mediate the anti-proliferative effects of statins in breast cancer.
Ipseidad y estructura dialógica en la filosofía de Karl-Otto Apel
Authors: Perrone Nicolás
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo aborda el problema de la identidad y la otredad en la filosofía de Karl-Otto Apel, teniendo en cuenta que la estructura dialógica de la racionalidad permite pensar más allá de la filosofía tradicional de la conciencia. Según este objetivo, se emplean las categorías de ipseidad y mismidad, propuestas por Paul Ricoeur, a modo de instrumento metodológico, para realizar una lectura de la obra de Apel respecto al problema planteado. Así, el posicionamiento de Apel con relación a la dialogicidad y a la intersubjetividad pone de manifiesto la importancia de la argumentación colectiva en la configuración de una identidad a modo de ipseidad.
Reseña. Forster, Ricardo (1999). “Walter Benjamin y el judaísmo”. El exilio de la palabra. Buenos Aires: Eudeba. pp. 67-144.
Authors: Merchán Parra Luis Antonio
Published: April 2017

El texto pretende determinar varios de los elementos fundamentales que, a juicio del autor, constituyen la relación del pensamiento judío con las ideas de Walter Benjamin. Se compone de siete partes: “Las huellas judías en el itinerario de Benjamin”, “Ante la presencia de la barbarie”, “La pregunta por el mesianismo judío (La huella de Max Weber)”, “Lo judío, lo teológico y Kafka”, “Martín Buber y las nuevas interpretaciones del judaísmo”, “Las experiencias de una generación” y “Gershom Sholem y la génesis de los estudios cabalísticos”.
Energy Optimization of Reactive Distillation Columns for Biodiesel by Pinch Point Analysis
Authors: V.H. Rangel-Hernández , H. Chaveza-Rosa , M. Niño Avendaño Andrés
Published: April 2017

This papers aims at optimizing the energy consumption of reactive distillation columns for simulation of biodiesel production. The design of the proposed biodiesel production uses lauric acid (C12H24O2) as feedstock in a reactive distillation column. In order to do so, selection has been done by selecting the design parameters of the column: the number of stages, feeding flows, reflux ratio, the height of the transfer unit as well as the analysis of the Sulzer BX packing. ASPEN PLUSTM simulation software has been used to work out the thermodynamic steady state of the system on which the optimization is based on. Energy optimization is carried out through the Pinch Point Analysis. Thus it has been proven that the Pinch Point Analysis allows optimization of the heat exchange network in a distillation column. Results showed that it is possible to reduce drastically the energy requirements of a distillation process up to 60 %. The heat exchange network showed that is promising to design more energy-efficient and environment-friendly distillation process for production of biodiesel.
APSKAITOS TERMINŲ ŽODYNAS MAŠININIAM VERTIMUI
Authors: Maskaliūnienė Nijolė
Published: April 2017

Mašininio vertimo idėja, puoselėjama jau nuo XX a. trečiojo dešimtmečio, praktiškai buvo įgyvendinta aštuntajame, kompiuterizuojant pasaulyje labiausiai vartojamas kalbas, tokias kaip anglų, ispanų, prancūzų, rusų ir kai kurias kitas.2 Pastaraisiais metais ir Lietuvoje kuriamos mašininio vertimo iš anglų kalbos į lietuvių kalbą programos (pavyzdžiui, Tildės biuro „Vertimo vedlys“, VDU „Internetinė informacijos vertimo priemonė“), sulaukusios didelio vartotojų susidomėjimo, palaikymo ir kritikos3. Nesigilinant į mašininio vertimo sistemų veikimo principus ir vertimo į lietuvių kalbą programų kūrimo subtilybes (jos gana išsamiai aprašytos keliuose pastarųjų metų straipsniuose, žr.: Rimkutė, Kovalevskaitė 2007; Daudaravičius 2006; Utka, Bartuškaitė 2006), šiame straipsnyje remiantis finansų apskaitos terminų žodyno rengimo pavyzdžiu aptariamas vieno svarbiausių mašininio vertimo sėkmės garantų – tinkamo elektroninio žodyno – parengimas.
ВОПЛОЩЕНИЕ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИХ УСТАНОВОК ЮЛИАНА ТУВИМА ВЕГО ИСКУССТВЕ ПОЭТИЧЕ¬СКОГО ПЕРЕВОДА
Authors: Piątkowska Józefina
Published: April 2017

The first purpose of this article is to summarize and present Julian Tuwim’s theoretical views on poetry translation. The poet did not leave any regular work on that matter, despite having been perceived as one of the greatest translators (especially from Russian into Polish). In order to collect Tuwim’s ideas, the author of the article studied his letters, humorous essays and the interviews he had given.The second part of the article is aimed at checking whether Tuwim’s theoretical approach is reflected in his own translation. The reader will be provided with the analyses of Tuwim’s version of Alexander Pushkin’s poem “The Prophet”.
TRANSLATING LITERARY IRONY: ELEMENTS FOR A PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK PIERRE SKOROV
Authors: Skorov Pierre
Published: April 2017

This paper looks at the versatile and elusive concept of irony in literature from a translator’s perspective. It offers elements for a basic definition and for a classi­fication of literary irony. It aims to provide the literary translator with a practical framework that would make it an easier task to identify and understand the various types of irony present in literature.
INTER-CULTURAL TRANSLATION AS INTERPRETATION AND COMMUNICATION
Authors: Rudaitytė REGINA
Published: April 2017

The paper focuses on literary translation regarded as a creative process and a powerful culture-shaping activity. It also looks at the complexities of inter-cultural translation: problems occurring in translating from one cultural system into another, and the possible strategies to be adopted; as well as some intricate issues of a more general and conceptual character, such as the limits of translatability, the divide, if any, between good and bad translation, the possible approaches to dealing with culture-specific items in translation, retaining the concept of ‘otherness’, of foreignness. The issue of foreignness also raises the question of the role of translation in the globalized world. Hence what are the effects of English, as the global lingua franca, and cultural imports from great powers, like the USA, UK and France on the cultures and languages of small countries? Apart from releasing ‘the shaping power of one culture upon another’, translation can also be detrimental to their national identity by encroaching on their cultures.
MULTICULTURAL INFLUENCES ON LATVIAN ADVERTISING
Authors: Ločmele Gunta
Published: April 2017

This paper examines how multicultural influences have contributed to the formation of Latvian advertising today. It deals with the following features of the Latvian advertising: compression of information, personalization, inclusion, elements of graphic design in written texts and expressive language means. Off-grade advertising texts that often are hidden translations from English do not foster the interest of consumers. However, a positive multicultural impact benefits the development of the Latvian advertising language.
ATITIKIMAS BE TAPATYBĖS
Authors: Kaminskienė Ligija
Published: April 2017

Paul Ricoeur. Apie vertimą. „Aidai“. 2010.Iš prancūzų kalbos vertė Paulius Garbačiauskas
TRANSLATING THE CANON: THE CHALLENGE OF POETIC FORM
Authors: Bogen Don
Published: April 2017

The literary translator taking on the task of rendering a major work of European poetry into contemporary English verse faces several challenges in regard to poetic form, including the problem of finding forms in English-language poetry today for conventions derived from foreign literary traditions and the need to engage the historical context of the work without sounding archaic. If a translation is to transmit the essence of a canonical text from a century or more ago, including its formal dimension, it must both convey what is distinct about the original, moving the reader toward the fundamental foreignness of the text, as Schleiermacher advised, and speak to the reader in the language of our time, because a translation that is not recognizable as good poetry in contemporary terms will not be read. This essay will compare the particular strategies of three successful but quite different contemporary translations of canonical works: Richard Howard’s versijon of Baudelaire’s Flowers of Evil, Robert Pinsky’s translation of The Inferno, and Seamus Heaney’s Beowulf.
GRAMMATICAL COMPRESSION IN FILM TRANSLATION
Authors: Kerevičienė Jurgita , Češumskaitė Greta
Published: April 2017

Nowadays translators employ various translation strategies in order to produce an adequate translation and further establish international communication. This paper deals with one translation strategy called compression which involves leaving out the target text elements present in the source text to retain the content of the words rather than preserve the structural adequacy of the text format. The degree of compression is constantly increasing in contemporary translations, due to an intensive lifestyle, the necessity to convey informational content as quickly as possible arises. Compression is widely employed in subtitling because of both the requirement to provide a very short target text by employing a restricted number of symbols allowed per one subtitle, and the necessity to express only the main idea of the utterances. Taking linguistic aspects into account, the translation strategy comprises of either grammatical or lexical ways to shorten the text without destroying its meaning. This paper presents the grammatical means of compression observed in film subtitling by shifting the primary focus on grammatical alternations found in different film genres.
SINCHRONIJA DUBLIUOTUOSE FILMUOSE (ANIMACINIO FILMO ”AUKŠTYN“ PAVYZDYS)
Authors: Satkauskaitė Danguolė , Drėgvaitė Giedrė
Published: April 2017

Lietuvoje filmų dubliavimas nėra labai populiarus todėl ir dubliavimo tyrimams skiriama nepakankamai dėmesio, nors šis vertimo būdas – ne tik brangiausias, bet ir sudėtingiausias. Didžiausias iššūkis vertėjams ir dubliuojantiems aktoriams yra išlaikyti skirtingų lygmenų – fonetinę, kinetinę, semantinę ir charakterio – sinchroniją. Straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti dubliuotų filmų specifiką, sinchronijos tipus ir išanalizuoti, kaip šie tipai derinami dubliuojant. Analizei pasirinktas lietuviškai dubliuotas animacinis filmas Aukštyn (Up, 2009). Fonetinio lygmens analizei aktualiausi tie filmo kadrai, kuriuose aiškiai matyti personažų veidas ir lūpos, nes svarbu išanalizuoti, ar atitinka originalo ir dubliuoto filmo pasakymų skiemenų skaičius ir artikuliacija, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant lūpiniams priebalsiams ir atviriesiems balsiams. Atliekant kinetinio lygmens analizę, tikrinama, ar kalbinė informacija sutampa su nežodine, analizuojant charakterio lygmenį – kaip atskleidžiami veikėjų charakteriai, kaip perteikiamas specifinis kurio nors personažo akcentas. Analizuojant semantinį lygmenį pastebėta, kad siekiant kuo didesnės fonetinės ir kinetinės sinchronijos taikomi įvairūs teksto modifikacijos būdai.
A balada do homem abatido: um estudo comparativo entre Os ratos e Angústia
Authors: Salgado Marcus Rogério Tavares Sampaio
Published: April 2017

O artigo propõe um estudo comparativo entre os romances Os ratos (Dyonélio Machado) e Angústia (Graciliano Ramos), a partir da investigação de três eixos críticos: a) a tematização do ato de deambular; b) a presença de estratégias estéticas características do expressionismo; c) a recorrência do super-signo do rato.********************************************************************The ballad of the beaten man: a comparative study between Os ratos and AngústiaAbstract: The article is a comparative study between the novels Os ratos (Dyonélio Machado) e Angústia (Graciliano Ramos), out of three main critical points: a) thematizing of the act of strolling; b) presence of aesthetical strategies typical of expressionism; c) occurring of the rat as a supersign.Keywords: Brazilian literature; comparative studies; expressionism.
Intelectuais portugueses e brasileiros: tópicos para uma discussão de hibridismo cultural
Authors: Martuscelli Tania
Published: April 2017

Este estudo financiado pela Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian em Portugal, faz parte de um projeto monográfico mais longo, (Des)Conexões entre Portugal e o Brasil: Séculos XIX e XX (Lisboa: Colibri, 2016), que propõe uma revisão da relação entre os dois países. Com base teórica no hibridismo cultural, o ensaio segue o já bastante conhecido estudo de Homi Bhabha. No presente caso, no entanto, propõe-se pôr em destaque a relação intrínseca entre as culturas do lado de cá e de lá do Atlântico. O trabalho tem como data inicial a histórica independência do Brasil e segue alguns momentos específicos do universo cultural dos dois países que, por vezes, podem ser considerados duas faces de uma mesma moeda.*******************************************************************Portuguese and Brazilian Intellectuals: Topics for a Discussion about Cultural HibridityAbstract: This paper is part of a book-length research project financed by Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Portugal: (Dis)Connections between Portugal and Brasil – 19th and 20th centuries (Lisbon: Colibri, 2016). I propose the revision of the relationship between the two countries based on the theory of cultural hybridity, as Homi Bhabha puts it in his celebrated work. In the present study, however, I a highlight the intimate relationship between the two cultures from both sides of the Atlantic. My starting point is the historic moment of the Brazilian Independence, and continues through a path of encounters that are specific to the cultural universe of the two countries. I posit that, sometimes, we can regard Brazil and Portugal as “two sides of the same coin.”Keywords: cultural hybridity; Luso-Brazilian literature; cultural studies; Brazil and Portugal.
Antonin Artaud e Mário Cesariny: desconstruções da metáfora solar
Authors: Jardim Luciana Abreu
Published: April 2017

O poeta português Mário Cesariny foi profundamente influenciado pela poesia, vida e textos de caráter surrealista de Antonin Artaud. O artigo analisa a relevância dessa influência para o conceito de metáfora e sua relação com a experiência poética de Mário Cesariny em poemas escolhidos do volume Manual de prestidigitação. O foco da discussão sustenta-se na desconstrução da metáfora solar, que é paradigmática para todas as metáforas e mantém característica de obscuridade, produzindo sentidos que ultrapassam aqueles usualmente disseminados pelos poetas. O estudo baseia-se nas considerações de Jacques Derrida acerca dos usos da metáfora, desenvolvidos no artigo intitulado “Mitologia branca”.********************************************************************Antonin Artaud and Mário Cesariny: deconstructions of the solar metaphorAbstract: The Portuguese poet Mário Cesariny was deeply influenced by the surrealist character in the poetry, life and texts of Antonin Artaud. The article analyzes the relevance of this influence to the concept of metaphor and its relation with the poetic experience of Mário Cesariny in poems that were chosen from the volume Manual de Prestidigitação. The focus of the discussion stands on the deconstruction of the solar metaphor, which is paradigmatic for all metaphors and maintains a characteristic of obscurity, producing meanings that surpass those usually disseminated by poets. The study is based on the considerations of Jacques Derrida on the uses of the metaphor, developed in the article called “White mythology”. Keywords: Mário Cesariny; Antonin Artaud; metaphor; deconstruction.
TORRES, Milton. A epopeia amazônica de Frei Pedro de Santo Eliseu: Viagem (1746). São Paulo/Belém: EdUSP/EdUFPa, 2015. 464 p.
Authors: Chaves Vania Pinheiro
Published: April 2017

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Derechos colectivos en el empleo público∗ Construcción de relatos en la justicia constitucional costarricense. 1990-2015
Authors: Castro Mendez Mauricio
Published: April 2017

Este artículo propone una lectura crítica de la jurisprudencia de la Sala Constitucional sobre derechos colectivos del empleo público costarricense a partir de un análisis argumentativo y desde la perspectiva crítica del derecho. Más concretamente el estudio se enfoca en el relato histórico mediante el cual la Sala Constitucional justifica su jurisprudencia y lo problematiza a partir de los estudios académicos disponibles. El análisis muestra que el relato de la Sala se basa en opciones ideológicas y ficciones jurídicas, a partir de las que se construyen “hechos” cargados de teoría y de argumentaciones dogmáticas antes que fácticas. Dado que esta construcción no está exenta de tensiones dentro de la propia Sala Constitucional, también se releva un relato alternativo al hegemónico. Los hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de un abordaje interdisciplinario de esta línea de investigación
La reedición del Estado social en la Argentina. La política socio-laboral entre 2003-2015
Authors: Grassi Estela
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo trata de la caracterización del Estado que se reconfiguró en la primera década del presente siglo en la Argentina, como una reedición actualizada (o modernizada) del Estado social de este país. Esta caracterización se sostiene en el análisis de dos cursos de acción de la política socio-laboral, que definen un ciclo político:1) la reposición del carácter de “trabajo normal” del empleo de tiempo completo, por plazo indeterminado y con los beneficios de la seguridad social, que hace de esta última (la seguridad social) el núcleo principal de la política socio-laboral;            2) Pero (esto es lo que corresponde al otro curso de la acción) con la particularidad de que, al mismo tiempo que se mantiene el esquema clásico de la Seguridad Social en Argentina (sostenido en aportes y contribuciones) algunas medidas sortean este esquema basado en la contratación formal, permitiendo la ampliación de la base de población protegida, al incorporar a trabajadores ocupados informalmente o prescindibles para la producción en el mercado “moderno”. No obstante ello, los fundamentos ideológicos y discursivos de la política socio-laboral reponen siempre la expectativa de volver a alcanzar plenamente un estado de “trabajo normal” para el conjunto de la población trabajadora.
Los sermones en el Reino de Guatemala: un objeto para la historia social y política
Authors: Belaubre Christophe
Published: April 2017

En este ensayo buscamos resaltar la importancia de la predicación en el sistema colonial. Los padres tridentinos hicieron un esfuerzo notable para que obispos y curas de parroquia estén predicando ellos mismos el santo evangelio de Jesús Cristo y fomentaron un cuerpo de leyes para ayudarlos en dicha tarea. La reforma católica debía imponerse ante el protestantismo con estos nuevos principios los cuales se divulgaron plenamente en Europa a lo largo del siglo XVII antes de alcanzar una gran eficacia debido a la claridad expositiva en el siglo XVIII. A partir del análisis y de la lectura minuciosa de un corpus de 30 sermones proponemos algunas ideas sobre la forma y la difusión de los sermones en la sociedad colonial centroamericana y dibujamos un retrato sociológico de los predicadores. En este trabajo hacemos la distinción entre tres tipos de sermones: los de la misa dominical cuya finalidad era la instrucción de los parroquianos, los sermones extraordinarios y los sermones a finalidad política que se multiplicaron a raíz de la intervención de las tropas napoleónicas en España después de 1808.
El problema de la vagancia: Una aproximación a la Historia del Trabajo del S. XIX en Costa Rica
Authors: Sánchez Lovell Adriana
Published: April 2017

Se discute el entramado teórico metodológico de una investigación titulada La vagancia en tiempos del café y la caña en Costa Rica (1750-1890) cuyo objetivo consistió en indagar en la transición que hubo del modo de producción colonial hacia la consolidación del capitalismo en Costa Rica, atendiendo a los procesos subjetivos y materiales por medio de los cuales se impuso la obligación de trabajar o de tener modo de subsistencia conocido.
¡Panamá, tiene una fiesta! La construcción del 3 de noviembre
Authors: Chirú Barrios Felix Javier
Published: April 2017

Este artículo aborda la construcción del 3 de noviembre, día de la fiesta nacional de Panamá, el programa conmemorativo y los discursos propalado por los políticos e intelectuales panameños, entre 1904 y 1931. La conmemoración de esta fecha cívica correspondió con el proceso de construcción de una nación moderna que establece los eventos, fechas, héroes que se deben recordar y los lugares de memoria; no obstante, en ese proceso se menoscaban otras memorias. Así fue  “olvidada” la celebración del 20 de julio, día de la independencia de Colombia y reelaborado el 28 de noviembre de 1821, día de la Independencia de Panamá de España. El ritual promovido desde el Estado para conmemorar esa fiesta nacional, siguió la programación instituida desde 1878 para festejar aquella gesta independentista de 1821 y recibió la influencia de la conmemoración del 4 de julio, día de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos, esta celebrada  en la Zona del Canal, un espacio territorial controlado por ese país en Panamá.
Una historia contemporánea ya no contemporánea Reseña: Jeffrey L. Gould, Desencuentros y desafíos: ensayos sobre la historia contemporánea Centroamericana (San José: Centro de Investigaciones de América Central, 2016)
Authors: Acuña Ortega Víctor Hugo
Published: April 2017

Jeff Gould ha sido un mediador entre los historiadores estadounidenses que trabajan sobre América Latina y los historiadores centroamericanos y latinoamericanos.
Small intestinal pro-inflammatory immune responses following Campylobacter jejuni infection of secondary abiotic IL-10−/− mice lacking nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-2
Authors: Heimesaat Markus M. , Grundmann Ursula , Alutis Marie E. , Fischer André , Bereswill Stefan
Published: April 2017

Host immune responses are crucial for combating enteropathogenic infections including Campylobacter jejuni. Within 1 week following peroral C. jejuni infection, secondary abiotic IL-10−/− mice develop severe immunopathological sequelae affecting the colon (ulcerative enterocolitis). In the present study, we addressed whether pathogen-induced pro-inflammatory immune responses could also be observed in the small intestines dependent on the innate receptor nucleotide-oligomerization-domain-protein 2 (Nod2). Within 7 days following peroral infection, C. jejuni stably colonized the gastrointestinal tract of both IL-10−/− mice lacking Nod2 (Nod2−/− IL-10−/−) and IL-10−/− controls displaying bloody diarrhea with similar frequencies. Numbers of apoptotic and regenerating epithelial cells increased in the small intestines of C. jejuni-infected mice of either genotype that were accompanied by elevated ileal T and B lymphocyte counts. Notably, ileal T cell numbers were higher in C. jejuni-infected Nod2−/− IL-10−/− as compared to IL-10−/− counterparts. Furthermore, multifold increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF, and MCP-1 could be measured in small intestinal ex vivo biopsies derived from C. jejuni-infected mice of either genotype. In conclusion, C. jejuni-induced pro-inflammatory immune responses affected the small intestines of both Nod2−/− IL-10−/− and IL-10−/− mice, whereas ileal T lymphocyte numbers were even higher in the former.
Photoinactivation of Legionella rubrilucens by visible light
Authors: Schmid J. , Hoenes K. , Rath M. , Vatter P. , Spellerberg B. , Hessling M.
Published: April 2017

In this study, the photoinactivation of Legionella by visible light is investigated. The success of this approach would offer new prospects for technical water disinfection and maybe even for therapeutic measures in cases of Legionella infections. Therefore, Legionella rubrilucens was dispensed on buffered charcoal yeast extract medium agar plates and illuminated with different doses of violet light generated by 405 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A strong photoinactivation effect was observed. A dose of 125 J/ cm2 reduced the bacterial concentration by more than 5 orders of magnitude compared to Legionella on unirradiated agar plates. The necessary dose for a one log-level reduction was about 24 J/cm2. These results were obtained for extracellular L. rubrilucens, but other Legionella species may exhibit a similar behavior.
Numerical modelling of flexible pavement incorporating cross-anisotropic material properties. Part II: Surface rectangular loading
Authors: Maina J , Kawana F , Matsui K
Published: April 2017

In order to better understand the impact of increased loading on roads, studies on tyre-road interaction have gained prominence in recent years. Tyres form an essential interface between vehicles and road pavement surfaces. These are the only parts of the vehicle that are in contact with the road and transmit the vehicle loading to the road surface. The use of the Cartesian coordinate system is convenient in dealing with a uniform/non-uniform tyre load acting over a rectangular area, but few research reports are available that provide any form of theoretical solutions for pavement responses. This paper presents analytical solutions of responses due to rectangular loading acting on the surface of a multi-layered pavement system. The solutions developed incorporate both isotropic and cross-anisotropic material properties. The method followed is based on classical trigonometric integral and Fourier transformation of Navier's equations. Accuracy and validity of the solutions are verified through comparisons with a proprietary finite element method (FEM) package. For this purpose, a pavement structure composed of five main layers constituted by isotropic and cross-anisotropic (also known as transversely isotropic) material properties is analysed. In order to vary some of the layer properties with depth, the main layers were sub-layered, resulting in a 17-layer pavement system.
“Técnicas de marketing de los clubes de fútbol de élite en las redes sociales”
Authors: Cano Tenorio Rafael
Published: April 2017

La comunicación siempre tuvo un papel importante en la organización de los clubes de fútbol, instituciones influyentes a nivel deportivo y económico en la sociedad. Dentro del ámbito de la comunicación y en específico en las redes sociales, se ha avanzado mucho en los últimos años, siendo parte fundamental de los clubes de fútbol profesionales para conseguir mayor apoyo por parte de la afición y generar mayor confianza y alcance mediático en la sociedad. En esta investigación, se ha realizado un análisis de la gestión de las cuentas oficiales en redes sociales de diez clubes de fútbol, con gran palmarés histórico y número de participaciones en competiciones internacionales, pertenecientes a las confederaciones continentales: CONMEBOL, CONCAFAF y UEFA. La metodología del estudio, se ha basado en la observación y el análisis de contenido, y el objetivo de la investigación es la evaluación de la utilización de las categorías de contenido relacionadas con el marketing, teniendo en cuenta al departamento de comunicación de cada club como emisor de contenido en las cuentas oficiales en las redes sociales Facebook, Instagram y Twitter. Los resultados muestran grandes diferencias en la emisión de contenidos relacionados con el marketing, además los datos obtenidos resultan de gran utilidad para mejorar la gestión estratégica de la comunicación digital en estas entidades.
Quando a morte ronda os campos: futebol e genocídio em Ruanda
Authors: Cornelsen Elcio Loureiro
Published: April 2017

Nossa contribuição visa a refletir sobre o impacto, no âmbito do futebol, do genocídio ocorrido de abril a julho de 1994 em Ruanda. Uma das principais modalidades esportivas e de lazer no país, por décadas, o futebol foi ambiente da convivência pacífica entre as etnias hutu e tútsi. Todavia, o conflito étnico que resultou no massacre de mais de 800 mil pessoas num espaço de cem dias fez com que esse quadro de aparente harmonia ruísse. Vinte anos após o genocídio, o país se esforça em um trabalho permanente pela reconciliação entre as duas etnias e pela preservação da memória dos mortos. Nesse sentido, enfocaremos esse triste capítulo da história de Ruanda, tomando por base os testemunhos de ex-jogadores, sobreviventes das matanças, publicados no capítulo “O desaparecimento das redes”, do livro Uma temporada de facões (2005; título original: Une saison de machettes: récits, 2003), de Jean Hatzfeld, obra de caráter testemunhal tão cara aos Estudos Literários.
Inventariar contos sobre futebol: o estrangeiro e a mulher nas antologias brasileiras
Authors: Guimarães Gustavo Cerqueira
Published: April 2017

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar as dezoito principais antologias de contos sobre futebol em circulação no Brasil, a exemplo de Onze em campo (1986) e 22 contistas em campo (2006), organizadas por Flávio Moreira da Costa, e Entre as quatro linhas (2013), organizada por Luiz Ruffato, levando em consideração alguns de seus paratextos, particularmente o prefácio, o sumário, o título, as referências, o nome e as notas de autoria, segundo a concepção de Gérard Genette. Paralelamente a essa apresentação, aponta-se para duas problematizações importantes relacionadas aos estudos comparatistas e ao mundo futebolístico. Em um primeiro momento, menciona-se a presença de autores estrangeiros em algumas das antologias, o que nos permite apontar para a tensão entre o local e o global presente nas narrativas sobre o futebol desde sua chegada ao Brasil. Num segundo momento, constata-se a baixíssima quantidade de contos publicados por mulheres em relação aos homens, dentre elas Rachel de Queiroz, Hilda Hilst, Edla van Steen, Edy Lima, Adriana Lisboa e Tatiana Salem Levy, suscitando questões relativas à participação da mulher tanto no futebol quanto no discurso literário que o tematiza. Tais aspectos demonstram como o futebol e a literatura (e a edição) se relacionam, dramatizando e refletindo aspectos socioculturais do sujeito contemporâneo.
Evaluation of nephroprotective and nephrocurative activity of Aegle marmelos on albino rats using experimental model
Authors: Kalita Biswajit , Sharma Monica , Vishwakarma Pinki , Bhatt Shaily , Saini Manish , Saxena Kuldeep K.
Published: April 2017

Background: Renal diseases are common now days because of multiple nephrotoxic drugs use like aminoglycosides, analgesic etc. Many diseases like Diabetes and Hypertension also contributing to renal diseases. One of the mechanisms for nephrotoxicity is production of free radicals. The phytochemicals obtained from some plants are claimed to be useful in prevention of nephrotoxicity. One of the good sources of these phytochemicals is leaves of Aegle marmelos (Bael) which has antioxidant property that can be useful in nephroprotection. Hence this study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective as well as nephrocurative potential of Aegle marmelos.Methods: Study was done on albino rats at LLRM Medical College as per CPCSEA guidelines after obtaining permission from IAEC. Nephrotoxicity was induced using injection gentamicin(40mg/kg). The nephroprotective and nephrocurative effect was quantified using serum markers (BUN, Serum creatinine) and histopathological changes. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA followed by post hoc dunnet’s test.Results: When compared with gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity, rats those who received aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos leaves showed significant (p<.001) reduction in nephrotoxicity.Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that leaves of Aegle marmelos possess siginificant nephroprotective activity.
Drug utilization study of some antibiotic in indoor setting at tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India: a descriptive study
Authors: Randad Rahul D. , Bhagwate Sudharam T. , Inamdar Mohd. Khalid
Published: April 2017

Background: Antibiotics are one of the most important discoveries in the field of medicine and are widely used in reducing the infections. Irrational antibiotic use may result in increased cost of treatment, drug-drug interactions also cause severe adverse reactions. The objective of the study was to determine average number of antibiotics prescribed per prescription, to identify the indication for which antibiotics were commonly used and to determine the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. About 300 patients who were prescribed antibiotics were included in the study. The data on antibiotic containing prescriptions from each patient was collected from the inpatient of medicine department. The study was carried out from August 2013 to July 2014.Results: Total 300 prescriptions studied, of which 195 (65%) prescriptions had 2 antibiotics per prescriptions and 105 (35%) prescriptions had more than 2 antibiotics per prescription. It was observed that out of 300 patients, 165 were male (55%) and 135 were female (45%). Fluoroquinolones were most commonly prescribed antibiotics and ciprofloxacin was prescribed mostly. Most of the prescriptions contained polypharmacy. The antibiotics treatment regimens given in most of the patients were without done culture sensitivity test before prescribing, which lead to irrational prescribing.Conclusions: Compliance to adopted treatment guidelines is still a major challenge hence there is an urgent need for following antimicrobial policy.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of cilnidipine and losartan in patients of hypertension with or without diabetes from Gwalior, India
Authors: Bhalerao Mayuri K. , Kothari Saroj , Rastogi Puneet
Published: April 2017

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is the most common cardiovascular disease. The objectives of present study are to investigate the comparison between cilnidipine and losartan with respect to changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in hypertensive patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: We conducted a longitudinal, prospective, open labelled, comparative clinical study of hypertensive patients with or without type 2 DM. Of 161 enrolled hypertensives, 130 completed the study with follow up over a period of one year. Group I (n=34); and Group III (n = 32) patients with type 2 DM received cilnidipine 10-20mg orally OD. Group II (n =33); and Group IV (n = 31) patients with type 2 DM received losartan 50-100mg orally OD. The dosages were adjusted if the magnitude of reduction was insufficient. The parameters were monitored during follow – up at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.Results: Levels of systolic and diastolic BP and HR significantly decreased with both drugs. However, magnitude of HR reduction was greater with cilnidipine groups as compared to losartan groups with statistically significant difference (group I 70.79±9.21 versus group II 79.42±8.25, p = 0.000 and group III 76.25±7.08 versus group IV 81±7.15, p = 0.010). Of 161 patients, only 1 patient experienced hot flushes from group I.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that therapy with cilnidipine can be used safely and effectively in hypertensive patients with or without diabetes. Cilnidipine was equally efficacious in lowering BP, while it more effectively reduced HR as compared to losartan. Cilnidipine can, therefore, be recommended as an alternative especially when there is associated tachycardia.
Comparative study of serum calcium and phosphorus level in pulmonary tuberculosis before and after chemotherapy
Authors: Godara Suman , Parihar Kiran , Choudhary Mamta
Published: April 2017

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous bacterial infection caused by an acid-fast bacillus, mycobacterium tuberculosis or tubercle bacillus.  It is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs so it is called pulmonary tuberculosis. There are many minerals synthesized in the body in an appropriate amount for specific work. If any disease occurs in the body then mineral level imbalance, like wise in pulmonary tuberculosis calcium and phosphorus levels disturb. The changes in Calcium and Phosphorus level is considered as an important factor in pathophysiology of pulmonary tuberculosis patient.Methods: The proposed study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry with association of Department of TB and Chest of S.P. Medical College and attached Hospital, Bikaner. There were 40 cases and 40 controls in the age groups from 15 to 50 years. We took fresh samples and performed required tests following standard protocol. By Analytical grade chemicals and standard serum Calcium and Phosphorus were estimated using enzymatic kit method by auto analyzer.Results: The Mean±SD of serum calcium and serum phosphorus levels were found 8.688±0.7155 and 2.833±0.6443   before chemotherapy and 9.163±0.4661 and 3.695±0.3471 after chemotherapy.Conclusions: Persons, who developed pulmonary tuberculosis disease, had increased serum calcium and serum phosphorus level after chemotherapy compared to before chemotherapy patients.
Gender based knowledge, attitude and practice study about blood donation among medical students in a sub-Himalayan state
Authors: Singh Parveen , Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Shora Tajali N. , Langer Bhavna , Kumari Rashmi , Gupta Riya
Published: April 2017

Background: WHO is advocating a policy towards 100% voluntary non-remunerated blood donation by year 2020. The youth in general and medical students in particular constitute the core group for recruitment and retention of voluntary donor population in order to ensure safe and sustainable blood transfusion practices in India. The objective of the present study is to elucidate the knowledge, attitude and practices about voluntary blood donation among medical undergraduate students.Methods: A pretested, close ended questionnaire was administered to second and third year MBBS students of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Northwest India. Results were expressed in proportions and chi-square test was used as a test of significance (p<0.05).Results: More than 90% of the respondents knew the suitable age for blood donation and interval between two blood donations. Knowledge parameters like age for blood donation, minimum weight for blood donation and volume of blood collected for blood donation were found to be statistically significant (p<0.5) between boys and girls. More females than males had positive attitude for voluntary blood donation which was statistically significant (p<0.05). In the practice part, voluntary blood donation rate was 26.69%.Conclusions: Every opportunity should be availed to sensitise medical students about voluntary blood donation after their entry into medical colleges. It can greatly enhance the movement for voluntary non-remunerated blood donation and ensure safe and adequate quality of blood.
Effect of antihistaminics on amplitude of rabbit gut
Authors: Prakash Rashmi , Singh Vinay , Kumar Devesh , Haider Jamal , Asthana A. B. , Pandey Pooja Tripathi
Published: April 2017

Background: The small intestine, like the rest of the gastrointestinal tract, is an intelligent organ. It generates a wide variety of motor patterns to meet motility requirements in different situations. Its basic motor function after a meal is to mix the chyme with exocrine and intestinal secretions, agitate its contents too.Methods: In vitro study is done to explore the effect of 1st generation antihistaminic (chlorpheniramine maleate) and second generation antihistaminic (Fexofenadine) on amplitude of gut motility by isolated rabbit gut preparation on Dale’s Organ bath, part of terminal ileum is used for study. Eight rabbits weighing 2 to 4.5 kg were used for study. The effect of antihistaminic observed that both drugs reduce amplitude.Results: The effect of Chlorpheniramine malete and Fexofenadine on amplitude observed and it found that both decrease the amplitude significantly.Conclusions: This study establishes a correlation between amplitude of gut and effect of antihistaminic suggests that antihistaminic drug both first generation and second generation decreases the amplitude of gut motility with a significant response.
Effectiveness of binahong decoction water (Anredera cordifolia (ten) steenis) for perineal wound healing at home delivery aesya grabag Magelang, Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanti Kartika , Esti Rahayu Heni Setyowati
Published: April 2017

Background: Puerperium period cause the changes for mother, both changes in physiological and psychological changes. One of the physiological changes that occur in women that their post-partum perineal laceration. The impact that occurs when wound healing is very unpleasant, like pain and fear to move, so it can cause many problems including uterus sub involution, lochea obstructed, and post-partum hemorrhage. Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) is one of the herbs that can be used as a wound healing with various preparations. This study aims to determine the effectiveness leaves binahong decoction water on perineum wound healing.Methods: The design of this study is a quasi-experimental design with two post-test with control group. Sample of this study is 44 post-partum mothers were divided into 2 groups, 22 people using binahong decoction water and 18 people using bethdine.Results: There is a significant difference perineal wound healing after given intervention binahong decoction water and bethadine. The percentage of respondents who experienced a perineal wound healing in binahong decoction water group better than bethadine group.Conclusions: Binahong decoction water very good for revitalizing the skin, giving extra stamina, blood circulation, resolve swelling and blood clots, restoring weak condition, and heal wounds. Binahong decoction water can be used as alternative technique to for perineum wound healing.
Career choices, determinants, and need for medical career introduction among medical students
Authors: Syakurah Rizma Adlia , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Widyandana . , Kumara Amitya
Published: April 2017

Background: Having a specific assessment on medical students’ career preferences, their determinants for choosing them, and finding whether a career intervention in introducing career choices is consider needed in students’ point of view is important to generate an effective and suitable intervention for medical students, and can give appropriate support to the students. This study aimed to discover medical students’ career choices and their reasons for choosing those careers to find out their preferences. This study will also try to find their need of medical career intervention.Methods: The study conducted in cross sectional approach, und self-administered questionnaires was used to obtain the data.Results: Among 269 students, specialist is still considered as the most chosen career preference (75%) on students first, second and third choices. Followed by general practitioner, and hospital management. There was 7,8% of undecided students, and more that 75% students don’t have second and/or third career alternatives. Determinants of career choices with most votes are personal interest, social factors and experiences, with 35% of the students claiming not to know their reason for choosing their career preferences. Almost all the students agreed on wanting some activities to expose themselves to career choices, and they choose their first year, followed by third year and clerkship year as their preferred time to do the activities.Conclusions: Specialist is still the most sought out medical career, with personal interest and social factors as their main determinants. Career choices are needed to be introduce to students so they can have more options to choose from, and start to explore their career early.
A study of chronic kidney disease patients with no known risk factors coming to tertiary care hospital
Authors: Muley Arti , Rathod Mitali , Shah Kunjan , Patel Nikhil , Patel Aakash , Bhuta Palak
Published: April 2017

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major cause of morbidity and. in some parts of the world CKD incidence has increased regardless of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. This study was done to identify the unknown factors which can be contributing to the increased incidence of CKD.Methods: It was a case control study. There were 61 cases and 50 controls. A detailed history regarding residence, occupation, addiction, drug intake, family history, diet and environmental factors was taken. The data was analysed to identify a common factor amongst the CKD patients who did not have history of any known risk factors of CKD.Results: Age of onset of CKD in 48% of cases was <40 years. Much higher percentage of cases gave family history of CKD (10%), history of consumption of NSAIDs (20%) and smoking for >5 years (30%) as compared to controls. Much more cases as compared to controls gave history of mixed diet (46% vs 26%). Much higher proportion of cases had history of heat exposure, excessive heating and sugarcane exposure (72%, 70% and 48% respectively) as compared to controls.Conclusions: This study supports the association of sugarcane exposure, heat exposure and excessive sweating with CKD and reports a changing trend of renal involvement starting at an earlier age. It highlights need of study with sufficient sample size and greater emphasis on family history, smoking, extent of heat exposure and sugarcane exposure to help identifying area of further research and guide policy making.