bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Case for Expanding the Anticanon of Constitutional Law
Authors: Somin Ilya
Published: April 2023

The “anticanon” of constitutional law is an underappreciated constraint on judicial discretion. Some past decisions are so reviled that no judge can issue analogous rulings today, without suffering massive damage to their reputation. This Essay argues for expanding the anti-canon and proposes three worthy new candidates: The Chinese Exclusion Case, Euclid v. Ambler Realty, and Berman v. Parker. The three rulings all share in spades the main characteristics of other anti-canonical decisions: (1) terrible legal reasoning, (2) enormously harmful real-world effects, and (3) facilitating racial and ethnic discrimination and oppression. Part I outlines the nature of the anticanon and how cases can “qualify” for it. Part II makes the case for adding new cases to the anticanon. Finally, Part III explains why The Chinese Exclusion Case, Euclid, and Berman would be worthy additions to the Supreme Court’s Hall of Shame.
Development Of Educational Organizationsin The Integrated PN Vocational School Of Merangin, Jambi Province
Authors: Wulandari Diana , Rusdinal Rusdinal , Gistituati Nurhijrah , Nifriza Ifna
Published: April 2023

Pentingnya pengembangan organisasi (Organization Development) pada sebuah lembaga pendidikan di sekolah, dalam pengembanga organisasi perlu adanya peran serta dari masyarakat sekolah, seperti halnya pimpinan sekolah, pendidik, dan masyarakat di lingkungan sekolah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendiskripsikan strategi dan faktor apa saja yang menjadi kendala dalam pengembangan organisasi di SMKN PN Terpadu Merangin Propinsi Jambi. metode ini dalam meneliti penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Aadapun pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan tejnik observasi, wawancara (interview) dan dokumentasi. Analisis data bersifat kualitatif melalui reduksi data, penyajian data dan sekaligus penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini sangat penting karena dalam pengembangan organisasi di sekolah perlu melibatkan dan perlu bekerjasama dengan pihal dari luar dalam menyusun dan menetapkan pengembangan organisasi. Adapun yang menjadi kendala terhambatnya pengembangan orgnanisasi di sekolah yaitu ditemukannya masih kurangnya  kedisplinan, kurangnya koordinasi, minimnya pemahaman siswa akan pentingnya sutu orgaisasi dan waktu mengikuti kegiatan organisasi di sekolah.
JUSTIÇA E WHATSAPP: FUNÇÃO SOCIAL, ASPECTOS CONSTITUCIONAIS, PROCEDIMENTAIS E MATERIAIS
Authors: Emidio de Paiva Moisés
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos trazidos pelo WhatsApp, popular aplicativo de mensagens instantâneas, na Justiça Brasileira. Por meio por meio da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial, documental e jornalística, partirá de conceitos elementares sobre a comunicação humana, avançando para uma breve contextualização sobre o crescimento da plataforma do WhatsApp. Em seguida, serão feitas análises que contemplarão o uso do referido aplicativo pelo Judiciário e pelos operadores do direito: seu aspecto processual, seu uso para intimações; pelo aspecto penal, seu uso como prova; pelo aspecto constitucional, seu uso como ferramenta concretizadora da justiça e sua função na sociedade. As análises legais e jurisprudenciais levarão ao entendimento de que, apesar de necessitar de maiores reflexões por parte da doutrina e dos tribunais, o WhatsApp possui relevante aspecto na prática judiciária e na realidade social.
Origami-Inspired Deployable Space Habitats
Authors: Defillion Joe , Schenk Mark
Published: April 2023

Origami is increasingly used as a source of inspiration in a wide variety of disciplines. In this project, we explore cylindrical origami structures, referred to as “origami bellows”, as novel geometries for orbital space habitats. The dimensions of space habitats are limited by the tight mass and volume constraints imposed by launcher payload fairings. Future deployable habitats based on foldable origami bellows have the potential to achieve large volumes when deployed, while being capable of compacting to smaller stowed configurations for launch. To assess the feasibility of such habitat designs, the deployment performance of a selection of bellows was investigated. Bellows formed from Kresling and Miura-ori patterns were considered; both expand axially, but Miura-ori patterns experience an additional radial expansion. Our scope was also limited to patterns which are stable in both the stowed and deployed configurations. Habitats were judged on their internal and effective volume expansions; the latter being adjusted to account for the practicalities of operating within a complex habitat geometry. We find that significant internal and effective volume expansions are achievable, particularly for Miura-ori geometries. Nonetheless, we make the argument for Kresling patterns as a more practical option due to their simpler geometries, despite smaller volume expansions. We find our Kresling geometries to have effective volumes between 2.5 - 3.6 times greater than a conventional habitat launched in a fairing of equal volume. Our work shows that origami-based designs do indeed have potential to greatly outperform current space habitat designs. Keywords: Origami Bellows, Space Habitats, Deployable Structures
Problems of implementation of educational orders in the Republic Serbia: Methodological and criminal law approach
Authors: Božić Vanda , Tančić Dragan
Published: April 2023

In the paper, the authors dealt with the problems of the application of educational orders in the Republic of Serbia from a methodological and criminal law approach. Educational orders, as sui generis measures, can be applied both before the initiation of criminal proceedings and during the duration of the criminal proceedings, with the focus of this paper being on their application before the initiation of criminal proceedings. The legislative national framework of the Republic of Serbia regarding the application of educational orders is based on the Law on Juvenile Offenders and the Criminal Protection of Juveniles (ZM) from 2005, with the authors taking into account the changes mentioned in the Draft ZM. Two hypotheses are defined in the paper. The first hypothesis is that educational orders as diversionary models of treatment of juvenile offenders and non-penal measures are relatively recent in the Republic of Serbia. Therefore, the mentioned measures cannot be nor are they sufficiently developed, which leads to incomplete satisfaction of restorative justice towards minors and injured parties, when the law allows us to do so. The second hypothesis is that organizational factors are of special importance for the success of the implementation of educational orders. In the paper, the authors point out that the new proposal of the Law on Juvenile Offenders and Criminal Protection of Minors enriches the system of educational orders and significantly expands the scope of their application. A certain significant rate of recidivism could be avoided by the combined and balanced application of repressive measures and educational orders as a sui generis measure. The paper gives de lege ferenda recommendations in the direction of simplifying the procedure that follows the beginning of the application of educational orders from the time when a criminal offense is committed, with the fact that the types of educational orders must necessarily follow the state and trend of juvenile crime.
Tracheo-oesophageal fistula in a case of organophosphate poisoning
Authors: Khaladkar S M , Goyal S , Vinay Kumar Parripati S S , Gupta V , Goyal S
Published: April 2023

-
Chest radiographic interpretation – an essential competency for Africa
Authors: Irusen E
Published: April 2023

-
A Conceptual Approach to Solving the Problem of Sustainable Development of the University in the Period of a New Technological Order
Authors: Glushchenko Valeriy Vladimirovich
Published: April 2023

The subject of the article is the formation of the concept of ensuring the sustainable development of the university in the period of a new technological way; the object of the article is the university; the purpose of the work is to ensure the sustainable development of universities in the process of forming a new technological way; to achieve this goal, the following tasks of this study are solved: research and clarification of the concept of sustainable development of the university; study of sources of risk of loss of stability in the process of transition of the university to a new technological order; analysis of the structural components of the concept of sustainable development of universities; scientific methods in this article are: theory of sustainable development, historical and logical analysis, theory of higher education; theory of technological structures; theory of hierarchical systems; system analysis; forecasting theory; theory of lean manufacturing, expert methods; scientific novelty of this article is determined by the formation of the concept of sustainable development university in the period of a new technological order
Archetypal Features of the Images of Olga and Tatiana in the Alexandre Pushkin's Novel in Verse "Eugene Onegin"
Authors: Liashenko Tatiana
Published: April 2023

The object of the study is female images in the Alexandre Pushkin's novel in verse by "Eugene Onegin". The archetypal features of the images of Tatiana and Olga are the subject of the study. The author, relying on the works of K.G. Jung and T. Chetwind, characterizes the archetypes of the Bride and the Sister, which are very widely represented in folklore and literary texts. In the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" Tatiana and Olga carry mainly the features of the archetype of the Bride, which is due to the peculiarities of the plot development. However, the signs of the archetype of the Sister, noted in these images, allow us to understand the specifics of the relationship of the characters more deeply. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the archetypal approach was first applied to the analysis of female images in the creative heritage of A.S. Pushkin. The author comes to the conclusion that the archetypal features of the characters of the novel in the poems "Eugene Onegin" give the text a special psychological reliability, persuasiveness, realism. The analysis of these features allows us to conclude that in the poet's picture of the world, the bride-woman has enormous influence, disposes of the fate of her chosen one. The image of the bride in Pushkin's mind, apparently, was at that time closely connected with the themes of male self-determination, the search for existential ways, understanding the past and the formation of personal maturity.
Autoinhibited kinesin-1 adopts a hierarchical folding pattern
Authors: Tan Zhenyu , Yue Yang , Leprevost Felipe , Haynes Sarah , Basrur Venkatesha , Nesvizhskii Alexey I , Verhey Kristen J , Cianfrocco Michael A
Published: April 2023

Conventional kinesin-1 is the primary anterograde motor in cells for transporting cellular cargo. While there is a consensus that the C-terminal tail of kinesin-1 inhibits motility, the molecular architecture of a full-length autoinhibited kinesin-1 remains unknown. Here, we combine crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), electron microscopy (EM), and AlphaFold structure prediction to determine the architecture of the full-length autoinhibited kinesin-1 homodimer (kinesin-1 heavy chain [KHC]) and kinesin-1 heterotetramer (KHC bound to kinesin light chain 1 [KLC1]). Our integrative analysis shows that kinesin-1 forms a compact, bent conformation through a break in coiled-coil 3. Moreover, our XL-MS analysis demonstrates that kinesin light chains stabilize the folded inhibited state rather than inducing a new structural state. Using our structural model, we show that disruption of multiple interactions between the motor, stalk, and tail domains is required to activate the full-length kinesin-1. Our work offers a conceptual framework for understanding how cargo adaptors and microtubule-associated proteins relieve autoinhibition to promote activation.
Wrist Spanning versus Non Spanning Technique of External Fixation in Distal Radius Fractures: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Sarkar Saikat , Mukherjee Subhankar , Mandal Kaushik , Mandal Prasun
Published: April 2023

Introduction: External fixation is one of the treatment options for unstable Distal Radius Fractures (DRF). Extra-articular variety of DRF can be managed by both wrist joint spanning and non spanning types of external fixators. Literature comparing the outcome of these two techniques is scarce. Aim: To compare and evaluate the results of treatment of DRF with wrist spanning and non spanning techniques. Materials and Methods: A randomised clinical trial study was carried out at Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India from November 2017 to January 2019. It included 30 patients, 15 had been treated by spanning and 15 by non spanning external fixators. They were evaluated during the immediate postoperative period, six weeks, nine weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery using digital roentgenography, Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and clinical assessment. A radiological assessment of volar tilt, radial height, and radial inclination was done and the data was normally distributed and analysed by unpaired t-test. Results: The DASH score was better at 12 weeks in the non spanning group, with a mean of 21.89 in spanning vs 19.3 in the non spanning group (p-value 0.0412). At 12 weeks, the mean and p-value for the spanning and non spanning group: range of flexion (61.87 and 70.46), extension (66.13 and 71.13, p-value=0.0053), supination (73.2 and 74.9) and pronation (77.20 and 79.8). For spanning and non spanning groups, the volar tilt mean was 2.33 and 0.60 with a p-value of 0.0042 and the radial length mean was 1.27 and 0.33 with p-value 0.0013, in favour of the non spanning technique. Conclusion: According to the present study, Non spanning external fixation is a better operative technique than spanning external fixation. Unstable DRFs can be treated better by a non spanning external fixator
Synchronous, Asynchronous and Modular Distance Learning: Effects on Students’ Mathematics Performance
Authors: Oco Richard M. , Comahig Alice G.
Published: April 2023

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the existence of significative differences between students’ performance in Mathematics participating in Synchronous Online Learning, Asynchronous Online Learning, and Modular Distance Learning on the students’ performance in mathematics School Year 2021-2022.

Study Design: Quasi-Experimental Design

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at one of the public schools in the division of Misamis Oriental during the school year: 2021 - 2022.

Methodology: Respondents were that intact classes of students (n=90) fitted for synchronous wherein students attend online classes via online video conference and asynchronous learning via virtual classroom, emails, and messaging (experimental groups) and modular learning (controlled group) via self-learning modules. The researcher made pretest and posttest questionnaires that were used to measure the performance of the students were validated and tested by the schools’ statistician and validators for its adequacy in getting the data for the study.The pretest and posttest score of the students were evaluated as to its increase per student and by groupings. Moreover, Instructional Materials as well as set of topics used in the conduct of this study were that same. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, percentage, standard deviation, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).

Results: Results showed that students have outstanding performance under synchronous online learning while very satisfactory for asynchronous online learning and modular distance learning. Furthermore, significant difference was also disclosed proving that the three (3) learning strategies were the reasons on students’ improved Mathematics performance. Finally, it was recommended that use of various learning strategies must be employed on teaching and learning process to help and better the performance of students.

Conclusion: It was concluded that Students performed better under Asynchronous Online Learning compared to the other two (2) learning strategies utilized in this study. Thus, teaching and learning process can be more effective and productive with the implementation of various teaching strategies specially in providing remedial activities to the learners. Students’ Mathematics Performance specifically at Synchronous Online Learning Strategy was described as outstanding level and interpreted as Very High Mathematics Performance. Moreover, students also achieved High Mathematics Performance on the other two (2) learning strategies. Thus, providing remedial activities can enhance students’ performance in mathematics. The data revealed a significant difference; thus, the null hypothesis was rejected. In addition, the improvement of students’ Mathematics Performance was brought about by the impact of the three learning strategies employed during the conduct of the study.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Low Pressure Carbon Dioxide as a Hurdle in Raw Milk Storage
Authors: Rajmohan T. Sree Vishnu , Beena A. K. , James Ligimol , Babu P. Sudheer , Sudhakaran Aparna , Rejeesh R.
Published: April 2023

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of low pressure carbon dioxide as a hurdle in raw milk storage.

Study Design: Milk samples were stored at under low pressure carbon dioxide at 29°C for 6 hours and the microbial quality of milk was compared with control milk.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dairy Microbiology, Verghese Kurien Institute of Dairy and Food Technology (VKIDFT), Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy between January 2020 and December 2020.

Methodology: Milk samples were collected from an organized farm. The initial microbial quality of milk was determined and samples were carbonated to a pressure of 20 psi and stored for six hours 29°C, uncarbonated milk sample kept at 29°C acted as the control. The microbial quality of the carbonated milk and uncarbonated milk was determined after storage in terms of total viable count, coliform count and gram negative organism count.

Results: Significant growth suppression (P=0.05) of bacteria was observed in the carbonated milk. Total Viable count showed a suppression of 1.05 log cfu/ml while coliforms showed a suppression of 1.3 log cfu/ml. The greatest log reduction was observed in gram negative organisms with a difference of 2.2 log cfu/ml and psychrotrophic organisms with 1.54 log cfu/ml.

Conclusion: Carbon dioxide was found to be an effective bacteriostatic agent which could be used for extending the keeping quality of raw milk. The bacteriostatic action could be due to anaerobic conditions developed by carbon dioxide and also due to the increased acidity of the medium.
Teachers’ Perceptions of the Utilization of Alternative Assessment in the Virtual Classroom in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Superville Linda
Published: April 2023

This study sought to investigate teachers’ perceptions about the use of alternative assessment in the virtual classroom. The population selected for this cross-sectional survey was teachers from five (5) schools in Trinidad and Tobago. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants and the instrument used was a questionnaire comprising closed and open-ended items. The findings revealed that teachers are aware of alternative assessment and they utilized some alternative assessment strategies during the pandemic. Teachers acknowledged the need for them to develop additional competencies and be provided with the necessary resources to effectively utilize alternative assessment. They suggested that more professional development workshops should be conducted in schools and that teacher training institutions consider revising their approach to the teaching of student assessment. Further research should be conducted to determine if alternative assessment is being used as face-to-face/in person teaching has resumed.
Seismic Performance Comparison of Simply Supported Hollow Slab on Pile Group Structure with Different Operational Category and Shear Panel Damper Application
Authors: Haroki Yusuf , Awaludin Ali , Priyosulistyo Henricus , Setiawan Angga Fajar , Satyarno Iman
Published: April 2023

This study is aimed to compare the seismic performance of simply supported hollow slab on pile group (SHSPG) structures designed as “critical” and “essential” viaducts with shear panel damper (SPD) devices. There were three numerical models to be compared, namely SHSPG-A, SHSPG-B, and SHSPG-C. SHSPG-A is a “critical” viaduct with 35 piles per one pile head. SHSPG-B is an “essential” viaduct with 18 piles per one pile head. SHSPG-C is an “essential” viaduct with 18 piles per one pile head plus sixteen SPDs. Numerical models considered the prestressing effect of the spun pile. Nonlinear time history analyses were executed using seven pairs of recorded ground motions that had been scaled and adjusted to the seismic characteristics of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. As the result, the performance level of SHSPG-A was much better than SHSPG-B. The SPDs application could maintain SHSPG-C’s performance at the same level as SHSPG-A and dissipate 34.28%-53.03% of the seismic energy.
Gerçekçi Olmayan Aile Beklentisi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: BALI Onur , DÖNMEZ Burhanettin
Published: April 2023

Bu araştırmada, Imasa (2012) tarafından geliştirilen Gerçekçi Olmayan Aile Beklentileri Ölçeği’nin Türk kültüründe geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ölçek İngilizce’den Türkçe’ye çevrilmiş, ardından geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri iki farklı örneklem grubundan toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın birinci örneklem grubu 229, ikinci örneklem grubu ise 235 ortaokul öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ile güvenirliği ise Cronbach’s Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı ile test edilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi bulgularına göre, 11 madde ve tek boyuttan oluşan İngilizce orijinalinin aksine, ölçeğin Türkçe formunun tek boyuttaki 10 maddeden oluştuğu ve bu 10 maddenin yapıya ilişkin varyansın %40’ını açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi bulgularına göre ise ölçeğin tek boyutlu mevcut yapısının araştırma verileri ile uyumunun iyi düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğine ilişkin olarak ise, Cronbach’s Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı birinci örneklem grubu için .83, ikinci örneklem grubu için .80 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularından hareketle Gerçekçi Olmayan Aile Beklentileri Ölçeği Türkçe formunun, ortaokul öğrencilerinin ailelerinin gerçekçi olmayan akademik beklentilerine yönelik algılarının ölçülmesinde kullanılabilecek, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Reconciliation Payments in the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Advanced Program and Reductions in Clinical Spending Needed for CMS to Avoid Financial Losses
Authors: Ryan Andrew M. , Shashikumar Sukruth A. , Chopra Zoey , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Buxbaum Jason D.
Published: April 2023

This study examines the magnitude of reconciliation payments and clinical spending reductions necessary for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to break even in the first 4 performance periods of the BPCI-A (Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Advanced) program.
Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to reduce Gyrodactylus species infestation density on four fish species
Authors: Tuttle‐Lau Maren T. , Leis Eric M. , Cupp Aaron R. , Peterman Laura L. , Hebert Jillian L. , Erickson Richard A. , Schleis Susan M. , Gaikowski Mark P.
Published: April 2023

Objective

The ability to effectively treat parasitic infestations of fish is of high importance for fish culture facilities. However, tools or approved therapies for treating infestations on fish are limited. This paper summarizes results from four separate clinical field studies that evaluated the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 35% PEROX‐AID) for reducing Gyrodactylus spp. infestation density.

Methods

Three species of Gyrodactylus were studied (G. salmonis, hosts: Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and Lake Trout S. namaycush; G. freemani, host: Yellow Perch Perca flavescens; G. hoffmani, host: Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas) before and after the application of immersion H2O2 therapy.

Result

Parasite density was significantly reduced for each parasite × host combination to which H2O2 therapy was applied. Two clinical field studies in salmonids were found to demonstrate substantial effectiveness that enabled 35% PEROX‐AID approval.

Conclusion

Further assessments of Gyrodactylus spp. could expand the use of H2O2 for controlling these parasites in aquaculture. Specifically, H2O2 was effective at all levels tested (50 or 75 mg H2O2/L for 60 min for the Yellow Perch and Fathead Minnow clinical field studies; 100 or 150 mg H2O2/L for 30 min regardless of salt pre‐treatment for the Brook Trout study; and 100 mg H2O2/L for 30 min or 50 mg H2O2/L for 60 min for the Lake Trout study).
Association of Sleep Disturbance With Catastrophizing and Knee Pain: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Wang Yining , Li Xiaoxi , Zhang Youyou , Ma Yubo , Xu Shengqian , Shuai Zongwen , Pan Faming , Cai Guoqi
Published: April 2023

Objective

To investigate the relationship between sleep disturbance, catastrophizing, and knee pain in middle‐aged and older individuals.

Methods

Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort from months 48 to 96 were used, where month 48 was treated as baseline. Knee pain (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain scale score ≥5 [range 0–20]), catastrophizing (extracted from Coping Strategies Questionnaire score ≥3 [range 0–6]), and sleep quality (extracted from Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [range 1–4]) were assessed annually. We described the association of sleep disturbance with the presence and risk of knee pain and catastrophizing. The mediation effect of knee pain and catastrophizing on the sleep–catastrophizing and sleep–pain association was evaluated, respectively.

Results

Catastrophizing and knee pain were reported in 346 (10%) and 917 (24%) of the 3,813 participants (mean 64.9 years, 58% female) at baseline. Participants with worse sleep disturbance were more likely to have knee pain (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.4–2.0, P for trend <0.001) and catastrophizing (PR 1.4–3.1, P for trend <0.001). Sleep disturbance at baseline predicted the risk of knee pain (risk ratio [RR] 1.1, P for trend <0.001) and catastrophizing (RR 1.2–1.7, P for trend <0.001) during follow‐up. No statistically significant interactions between sleep disturbance and knee pain or catastrophizing were observed. Knee pain and catastrophizing mediated the sleep–catastrophizing and sleep–pain association, respectively, at baseline, and knee pain negatively mediated the sleep–catastrophizing association longitudinally.

Conclusion

Sleep disturbance was associated with the presence and risk of catastrophizing and knee pain. Sleep interventions may have a universal and independent effect in preventing incident knee pain.
Neural network‐based decentralized adaptive fault‐tolerant control for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with unknown input powers
Authors: Zhu Jiyu , Shen Qikun , Zhang Tianping
Published: April 2023

This article studies the output tracking control for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems with actuator faults, where each subsystem has unknown powers. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a neural‐network‐based decentralized adaptive fault‐tolerant control scheme is proposed so that each tracking error can be constricted in a small adjustable neighborhood of the origin. In existing results, interconnections and actuator bias faults have been addressed. But the systems' input powers are required to be a known positive integer and preferably one. So in our article, we relax the restrictions and consider more general systems whose input powers are extended to larger than one and unknown at the same time. Finally, two numerical simulation examples are shown to explain the validity of control strategy proposed in our article.
Conversion of Surface Residual Alkali to Solid Electrolyte to Enable Na‐Ion Full Cells with Robust Interfaces
Authors: Xu Weiliang , Dang Rongbin , Zhou Lin , Yang Yang , Lin Ting , Guo Qiubo , Xie Fei , Hu Zilin , Ding Feixiang , Liu Yunpeng , Liu Yuan , Mao Huican , Hong Juan , Zuo Zhanchun , Wang Xiaoqi , Yang Rui , Jin Xu , Hou Xueyan , Lu Yaxiang , Rong Xiaohui , Xu Ning , Hu Yong‐Sheng
Published: April 2023

The deposition of volatilized Na+ on the surface of the cathode during sintering results in the formation of surface residual alkali (NaOH/Na2CO3NaHCO3) in layered cathode materials, leading to serious interfacial reactions and performance degradation. This phenomenon is particularly evident in O3‐NaNi0.4Cu0.1Mn0.4Ti0.1O2 (NCMT). In this study, a strategy is proposed to transform waste into treasure by converting residual alkali into a solid electrolyte. Mg(CH3COO)2 and H3PO4 are reacted with surface residual alkali to generate the solid electrolyte NaMgPO4 on the surface of NCMT, which can be labeled as NaMgPO4@NaNi0.4Cu0.1Mn0.4Ti0.1O2‐X (NMP@NCMT‐X, where X indicates the different amounts of Mg2+ and PO43−). NaMgPO4 acts as a special ionic conductivity channel on the surface to improve the kinetics of the electrode reactions, remarkably improving the rate capability of the modified cathode at a high current density in the half‐cell. Additionally, NMP@NCMT‐2 enables a reversible phase transition from the P3 to OP2 phase in the charge–discharge process above 4.2 V and achieves a high specific capacity of 157.3 mAh g−1 and outstanding capacity retention in the full cell. The strategy can effectively and reliably stabilize the interface and improve the performance of layered cathodes for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs).
A Highly Efficient Method for Designing Bisymmetric P‐B Phase Element Patterns of Coding Metasurfaces
Authors: Lu Zhengang , Liu Yunfei , Zhang Yilei , Wang Heyan , Tan Jiubin
Published: April 2023

The conventional trial‐and‐error method employed in the element pattern design of coding metasurfaces lacks theoretical guidance and requires considerable time and computational resources. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a highly efficient design method for bisymmetric Pancharatnam‐Berry (P‐B) phase element patterns. First, the equivalent impedances of the element patterns are derived from the expected reflectance and frequency range using the transmission matrix method. Subsequently, the optimal geometric parameters of the element patterns are obtained using the equivalent circuit model. For the same element pattern, the time consumption is reduced by more than 25 times compared with that required for a single full‐wave simulation. The simulation results show that metasurfaces adopting various design element patterns and the same coding sequence exhibit excellent backscattering energy homogenization performance, with a radar‐cross‐section reduction (RCSR) of less than −10 dB in the 9.47–17.57 GHz band. Two types of metasurfaces are fabricated using a meshed pattern, a sodium–calcium glass and a metallic mesh. The measured RCSR is less than −10 dB for a broadband of 7.74 GHz, and the normalized optical transmittance is 85% within 380–2500 nm, which is favorable for optical windows used in aerospace, medical, and precision instrumentation.
All‐Optical‐Controlled Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Signaling through Bipolar Photoresponse of an Oxide‐Based Phototransistor
Authors: Mi Yen‐Cheng , Yang Ching‐Hsiang , Shih Li‐Chung , Chen Jen‐Sue
Published: April 2023

Using light signals for computation and communication is a vital approach for advanced neuromorphic designs. In this study, an all‐optical‐controlled IGZO/ZrOx phototransistor is demonstrated to emulate synaptic functions via both positive and negative photoresponse arisen from the ionization of neutral oxygen vacancies (VO) and metalmetal bonding (MM) defects in IGZO at an illumination with visible light (405 and 520 nm) and near‐infrared light (750, 890, and 980 nm), respectively. With the coupling effect of photogenerated electrons and the charged MM++ defect scattering, the IGZO/ZrOx photosynaptic transistor not only shows broadband photosensing performance but also emulates the excitatory/inhibitory contrasting synaptic functions, such as learning‐ and regulating‐experience behavior of human brain, via applying 405 and 890 nm light pulses, respectively. The all‐optical‐controlled IGZO/ZrOx photosynaptic transistor therefore may convey optical information effectually for the streaming sensor processing in biologically inspired computer vision application.
Multiplex Digital Methylation‐Specific PCR for Noninvasive Screening of Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhao Yang , O'Keefe Christine M. , Hsieh Kuangwen , Cope Leslie , Joyce Sonali C. , Pisanic Thomas R. , Herman James G. , Wang Tza‐Huei
Published: April 2023

There remains tremendous interest in developing liquid biopsy assays for detection of cancer‐specific alterations, such as mutations and DNA methylation, in cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) obtained through noninvasive blood draws. However, liquid biopsy analysis is often challenging due to exceedingly low fractions of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), necessitating the use of extended tumor biomarker panels. While multiplexed PCR strategies provide advantages such as higher throughput, their implementation is often hindered by challenges such as primer‐dimers and PCR competition. Alternatively, digital PCR (dPCR) approaches generally offer superior performance, but with constrained multiplexing capability. This paper describes development and validation of the first multiplex digital methylation‐specific PCR (mdMSP) platform for simultaneous analysis of four methylation biomarkers for liquid‐biopsy‐based detection of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). mdMSP employs a microfluidic device containing four independent, but identical modules, housing a total of 40 160 nanowells. Analytical validation of the mdMSP platform demonstrates multiplex detection at analytical specificities as low as 0.0005%. The clinical utility of mdMSP is also demonstrated in a cohort of 72 clinical samples of low‐volume liquid biopsy specimens from patients with computed tomography (CT)‐scan indeterminant pulmonary nodules, exhibiting superior clinical performance when compared to traditional MSP assays for noninvasive detection of early‐stage NSCLC.
Cross‐sectional versus longitudinal cognitive assessments for the diagnosis of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Videla Laura , Benejam Bessy , Carmona‐Iragui María , Barroeta Isabel , Fernández Susana , Arranz Javier , Azzahchi Sumia Elbachiri , Altuna Miren , Padilla Concepción , Valldeneu Silvia , Pegueroles Jordi , Montal Víctor , Aranha Mateus Rozalem , Vaqué‐Alcázar Lídia , Iulita Maria Florencia , Alcolea Daniel , Bejanin Alexandre , Videla Sebastià , Blesa Rafael , Lleó Alberto , Fortea Juan
Published: April 2023

Background

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, clinical diagnosis is difficult, and experts emphasize the need for detecting intra‐individual cognitive decline.

Objective

To compare the performance of baseline and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments for the diagnosis of symptomatic AD in DS.

Methods

Longitudinal cohort study of adults with DS. Individuals were classified as asymptomatic, prodromal AD, or AD dementia. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to compare baseline and longitudinal changes of CAMCOG‐DS and mCRT.

Results

We included 562 adults with DS. Baseline assessments showed good to excellent diagnostic performance for AD dementia (AUCs between 0.82 and 0.99) and prodromal AD, higher than the 1‐year intra‐individual cognitive decline (area under the ROC curve between 0.59 and 0.79 for AD dementia, lower for prodromal AD). Longer follow‐ups increased the diagnostic performance of the intra‐individual cognitive decline.

Discussion

Baseline cognitive assessment outperforms the 1‐year intra‐individual cognitive decline in adults with DS.
Regulating the structure of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers with a diol chain extender to strength performance
Authors: Ma Yao , Wu Lianfeng , Li Shaolong , Han Xu , Peng Xiaoyong , Feng Yingmin , Ji Yumei , Yang Yike , Liu Feng
Published: April 2023

The structural defects of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) caused by the uneven distribution of hard segments limiting their potential application in special industrial fields such as aerospace or defense equipment. Optimizing the TPUs' structure is a useful method to adjustable uneven distribution of hard segments and enhance the performance of TPUs. In this work, a chain extender (BMB) embedded in carbamate‐derive units was successfully synthesized by 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4‐butanediol (BDO). Using BMB and as chain extender, a modified BMB‐TPU was prepared, and its properties were systematically evaluated. Compared with conventional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (BDO‐TPU), BMB‐TPU had a regular structure with uniform hard segments, narrower molecular weight distribution and stronger intra/inter‐chain hydrogen bonding interactions, and thus better microphase separation. The BMB‐TPU exhibited an excellent tensile strength of 35 MPa, 46% higher than 24 MPa for the control BDO‐TPU. Moreover, the heat resistance of BMB‐TPU was also reinforced compared to BDO‐TPU, with an increase of 7.2°C for the degradation temperature of 5% loss and 9.6°C for the viscous flow transition temperature. We believe our paradigm can provide a feasible guide for designing high‐performance TPUs.
Cure cycle optimization of infrared cured composites using Taguchi method
Authors: Alpay Yakup O. , Uygur İlyas , Kılınçel Mert , Samtaş Gürcan
Published: April 2023

Knowing that cure cycle has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the composite materials, determining the effects of cure cycle parameters – such as heating rate, maximum temperature, and dwell time, has gain importance. This study addresses the optimum cure cycle of an infrared cured carbon fiber pre‐preg material. An infrared oven equipped with 1 kW halogen infrared heating unit and vacuum system was used. Different cure cycles determined by means of Taguchi experiment design approach and a cure cycle was found maximizing the tensile strength of the material. Results showed that infrared curing is a strong alternative to the autoclave despite its shortcomings regarding the product geometry. The optimized cure cycle showed 23% increase in the tensile strength comparing the tested cure cycle which is resulted with the minimum tensile strength. Besides, comparing the specimens cured with the optimum cure cycle, the infrared cured specimens showed slightly higher tensile strength than the autoclave cured counterparts. According to Taguchi optimization, optimum values for maximum tensile strength were found as 10°C/min, 130°C for heating rate and 60 min for plateau time. According to the analysis of variance, the most effective parameter affecting the tensile strength was the heating rate.
A Flexible Solid Polymer Electrolyte based Polymerized Ionic Liquid for High Performance Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Liu Yuxiang , Ma Furui , Li Wenpeng , Gai Ligang , Yang Haohua , Zhang Zengqi
Published: April 2023

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) combine the benefits of ceramic electrolyte and polymer electrolyte, and have broad application prospects in high‐energy lithium metal batteries. However, low Li+ conductivity and tensile strength are crucial elements that hinder the application of solid polymer electrolytes. In this paper, an effective solid polymer electrolyte was proposed to solve these problems. A polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) was chosen as the ionic transport material to synthesize three‐dimensional cross‐linked ion channels through thermal polymerization, which can effectively improve the ionic conductivity. This work is different from some other reports that add ionic liquid without C=C double bond. We used the vinyl ionic liquid (IL) as matrix via polymerization with azobis initiator (AIBN) and the obtained co‐polymer has excellent flexibility and non‐flowing character. Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) ceramic filler was added to enhance the thermal stability and tensile strength of the electrolyte. Meanwhile, solid‐state batteries (SSBs) assembled with LiFePO4 cathode and high‐voltage LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode can deliver remarkable cell performance. This work presents an appropriate device for the structure of modern polymerized ionic liquid solid polymer electrolytes, and shows significant implication for the progress of high‐property polymer electrolytes.
A bibliometric analysis of worldwide cancer research using machine learning methods
Authors: Lin Lianghong , Liang Likeng , Wang Maojie , Huang Runyue , Gong Mengchun , Song Guangjun , Hao Tianyong
Published: April 2023

With the progress and development of computer technology, applying machine learning methods to cancer research has become an important research field. To analyze the most recent research status and trends, main research topics, topic evolutions, research collaborations, and potential directions of this research field, this study conducts a bibliometric analysis on 6206 research articles worldwide collected from PubMed between 2011 and 2021 concerning cancer research using machine learning methods. Python is used as a tool for bibliometric analysis, Gephi is used for social network analysis, and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model is used for topic modeling. The trend analysis of articles not only reflects the innovative research at the intersection of machine learning and cancer but also demonstrates its vigorous development and increasing impacts. In terms of journals, Nature Communications is the most influential journal and Scientific Reports is the most prolific one. The United States and Harvard University have contributed the most to cancer research using machine learning methods. As for the research topic, “Support Vector Machine,” “classification,” and “deep learning” have been the core focuses of the research field. Findings are helpful for scholars and related practitioners to better understand the development status and trends of cancer research using machine learning methods, as well as to have a deeper understanding of research hotspots.
Involvement of the DAF‐16/FOXO Pathway in the Antioxidant Activity of the Jaboticaba (Myrciaria trunciflora) Extract against Various Stressors Using Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ramos Boldori Jean , de Los Santos Moraes Liliana , de Freitas Rodrigues Cristiane , Limana Tambara Andréia , Casagrande Denardin Cristiane
Published: April 2023

Background: Jaboticaba (Myrciaria trunciflora) belongs to the family Myrtaceae and is a fruit native to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The aim of this study was evaluate the activity of the extract of jaboticaba against different stresses in Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: Initially, the toxicological profile of the extract was analyzed, evaluating survival, reproduction, and longevity. After the tests of resistance to oxidative stress, thermal and against ultraviolet radiation were carried out. In order to discover a signaling pathway involved in this process the DAF‐16 pathway was analyzed. Results: It was found that the extract has no toxicity and is still able to prolong longevity in concentrations of 50 and 100 μg of GAE/mL. It was able to protect against damage from the juglone, temperature and UV radiation. This effect is mediated by the activation of the translocation of the DAF‐16 factor to the cell nucleus and subsequent activation of defense pathways. Conclusions: Together, it is possible to verify that the extract of jaboticaba is important for the protection of the damages to which were daily exposed, in order to decrease the free radicals and consequently the damages that lead to aging and/or the appearance of diseases.
Impact of Divalent Metal Ions on Regulation of Trans‐Cleavage Activity of CRISPR‐Cas13a: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Feng Zhi‐Yuan , Yun Yang‐Fang , Li Xiang , Zhang Jingjing
Published: April 2023

CRISPR‐LbuCas13a has emerged as a revolutionary tool for in vitro diagnosis. Similar to other Cas effectors, LbuCas13a requires Mg2+ to maintain its nuclease activity. However, the effect of other divalent metal ions on its trans‐cleavage activity remains less explored. Herein, we addressed this issue by combining experimental and molecular dynamics simulation analysis. In vitro studies showed that both Mn2+ and Ca2+ could replace Mg2+ as cofactors of LbuCas13a. In contrast, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, or Fe2+ inhibits the cis‐ and trans‐cleavage activity, while Pb2+ does not affect it. Importantly, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that calcium, magnesium, and manganese hydrated ions have a strong affinity to nucleotide bases, thus stabilizing the conformation of crRNA repeat region and enhancing the trans‐cleavage activity. Finally, we showed that combination of Mg2+ and Mn2+ can further enhance the trans‐cleavage activity to allow amplified RNA detection, revealing its potential advantage for in vitro diagnosis.
Room Temperature Hydroxyl Group‐Assisted Preparation of Hydrophobicity‐Adjustable Metal‐Organic Framework UiO‐66 Composites: Towards Continuous Oil Collection and Emulsion Separation
Authors: Xiang Wenlong , Liu Huiwen , Zhu Jiabin , Gong Hongyang , Cao Qizheng
Published: April 2023

Developing a straightforward and effective hydrophobic modification for metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) under mild conditions is meaningful for MOF applications. Here, a post‐synthetic modification approach assisted with metal hydroxyl groups at room temperature is reported to induce hydrophobicity in the hydrophilic UiO‐66. The bonding between Zr−OH in UiO‐66 and n‐tetradecylphosphonic acid (TDPA) is the vital force for the modifier TDPA. Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic composites were constructed for efficient oil‐water separation by coating TDPA‐modified UiO‐66 (P‐UiO‐66) on commercial melamine sponges (MS) and filter papers (FP) with water contact angles of 153.2° and 155.6°, respectively. The P‐UiO‐66/MS composite could quickly and selectively absorb oily liquids up to 43 times its weight from water. The P‐UiO‐66/MS achieved continuous oil collection with high separation efficiencies (≥99.4 %). In addition, P‐UiO‐66/FP and P‐UiO‐66/MS showed high separation efficiencies for water‐in‐oil emulsions (≥98.5 %) and oil‐in‐water emulsions, respectively, with high resistance to low/high temperatures and acid/base conditions. The metal hydroxyl group‐assisted post‐synthetic modification strategy offers a facile and broad way to prepare hydrophobic MOFs for promising applications in environmental fields.