bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ways to Solve Problems in the Field of Land Relations at The Present Stage
Authors: Khakhulina N B , Popov B A , Trukhina N I
Published: March 2021

This study examines the problems of geodetic support of cadastral works in terms of inaccuracies in determining the coordinates of land boundaries. The problems of the geodesic industry as a whole are also considered, in particular, in the section of engineering and geodetic surveys of the Voronezh region there are many flaws, contradictions, and shortcomings. In this paper, all these negative phenomena will be revealed, the causes will be identified, and a solution to these problems will be proposed. The paper reveals the concept of "infrastructure of geodetic works". The analysis of the current state of the infrastructure of geodetic works on the territory of the Voronezh region of the Russian Federation is performed. A regional program for reconstruction and improvement of the quality of coordinate descriptions of points in geodetic networks of the Voronezh region was proposed and developed. Conclusions are drawn and suggestions are given for the success of the reconstruction of the infrastructure of geodetic works in the Voronezh region
Modeling of Seismic Impacts on the Main Pipeline
Authors: Yalalov D V , Valeev A R
Published: March 2021

In this article, a seismic calculation of a section of an underground pipeline is performed using the Ansys software package. The linear-spectral analysis of this calculation was based on the response spectrum obtained from a variety of real records of seismic ground vibrations at the Petropavlovsk seismic station. This method makes it possible to take into account the experience of past earthquakes, reducing the likelihood of exceeding the expected loads on the structure during a new earthquake. The results of the seismic calculation of the pipeline made it possible to form a complete picture of the distribution of stresses in the pipeline for various forms of the trench and the material of its backfill. A comparison is made of the maximum stresses in the pipeline for various methods of its seismic protection.
Experimental Study of the Sulphatizing Roasting of Flotation Tailings from Copper Slag Processing Using Iron Sulfates
Authors: Grudinsky P I , Zhiltsova E E , Grigorieva D D , Dyubanov V G
Published: March 2021

The present study focuses on the experimental investigation of sulphatizing roasting of flotation tailings from copper slag processing using iron (II) and (III) sulfates followed by water leaching. The effect of temperature, duration of sulphatizing roasting, as well as the amount of iron sulfates on the conversion of zinc, copper, iron and other components in the tailings into water-soluble sulfate compounds were studied. The experiments have shown that there is no significant difference between using of both iron sulfates. The extraction degree after more than 20 min of the roasting varied in the approximate ranges of 50-70% for Zn, 45-70% for Cu and 0.01-10% for Fe. The best results were the extraction of 69.2% Cu, 62.8% Zn and 1.2% Fe obtained by 180 min of the roasting at 625°C with addition of 150% FeSO4⋅7H2O to 100% of the tailings. Based on the mineralogic and microstructure investigations of the samples, the assumptions were made for the reasons of the deficient extraction degrees of copper and zinc, as well as high sulphatizing agent consumption.
Strategic Metals Contained in the Ilmenite Placers of the Sikhote-Alin Ultrabasic Rocks: Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics and the Peculiarities of the Extraction
Authors: Molchanov V P
Published: March 2021

The main mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, as well as the ore potential of titanium-bearing placers spatially and genetically associated with the Ariadne intrusion of ultrabasites (Primorye), were determined. The composition of ilmenite, gold and platinum was studied, and a complex of associated strategic metals was identified. The possibilities of industrial development of ilmenite placers applying environmentally safe methods of pyro-hydrometallurgy were evaluated. The proposed technical solutions will expand the prospects of the raw material base in the South of the Russian Far East.
Assessment of the Influence of Technological Risk Factors on the Undercut Parameters When Mining Kimberlite Using Block Caving
Authors: Kovalenko A A , Petrova O V , Mambetova Yu D
Published: March 2021

The use of block caving to mine ores and rocks of kimberlite deposits in Yakutia (Udachnaya, Yubileynaya Mir pipes) will ensure high economic efficiency and productivity, reduce damage to diamond crystals due to non-explosive technology of mining. At the same time, block caving creates high technological risks associated with the essence of the technique itself, as well as the mining, engineering and geological specifics of kimberlite deposits. To ensure the effectiveness of the block caving method and planned progression of block caving, it is necessary to assess the influence of technological risk factors at the stage when caving parameters are determined to reduce the consequences during the whole life cycle of the mine.
Scenario Analysis of the Risk of Gas Pipeline Failures in the North
Authors: Zakharova M I
Published: March 2021

Low temperatures and abnormal meteoconditions of the North have significant effect both on the accident frequency, and on accident development. Abnormal weather conditions of the North are characterized by the powerful temperature inversions arising at an anti-cyclone due to the emission of permafrost soil at extremely low temperatures of air and conditions of air stagnation. These abnormal conditions influence process of gas dispersion in the atmosphere, promoting its deceleration and formation of explosive concentration of gas at the Earth’s surface. Based on the results of gas pipeline failures analysis occurred in the North, the main causes of gas pipeline accidents were identified, the gas leakage “fault tree” from the gas pipeline was developed with estimation of failures frequencies, and the frequency of emergency situations in case of gas leakage from the gas pipeline was estimated. The most dangerous scenarios of gas pipeline accident evolution have been identified and their risk levels in the zone of the damage factors have been assessed on the basis of acceptable risk criteria. It is justified to increase the action range of damage factors in an explosion of methane -air mixture cloud in open space at presence of temperature inversion.
The Automation of the Mathematical Model of Heated Glasshouses
Authors: Savvinov I I , Kirillina M F , Shvetsov A V
Published: March 2021

The analysis of technical operations associated with growing vegetables in glasshouses shows that it is possible to reduce labor inputs and improve the efficiency of indoor growing structures through a specific set of technical solutions. The facilitation of the fundamental improvement of the glasshouse vegetable production technology requires stationary transportation systems and robot hardware. The glasshouses can be classified according to their functional and structural properties: intent, seasonality, growing practices, the type of transparent cover, the type of frame, and heating method. In this case, detailed thermophysical models should not be used. The lack of properly rationalized mathematical models for heated glasshouses holds back their development and improvement. When creating such models, it is necessary to consider heat and mass transfer processes taking place in the glasshouse, the distribution of their parameters, and the accidentality of external impacts. Additional problems arise because the requirements set for models rarely comply with the research goals set or do not reflect the conditions, under which it is used. The suggested balanced dynamic models allow for the extensive use of computers to research heat consumption patterns in glasshouses and synthesize temperature regulators. The mathematic methods for such calculations comprise vector-matrix algebra, for the respective software is widely available on various computers. Growing plants indoors during winters and springs requires the maintenance of climatic factors influencing the growth and development of plants. Due to this, automated control of such factors in compliance with agricultural practices receives great importance. To maintain temperatures automatically in hotbeds, two-position control systems are used. Large glasshouse businesses are currently introducing intensive vegetable growing technologies, and automated workflow control systems based on micro- and minicomputers. Key production activities include the watering and mineral fertilizer dressing of plants. These processes must be automated because they require large labor inputs during the preparation of the solution, the maintenance of the required content proportions, timely feed, and even distribution across all of the glasshouse under various external impacts.
Methods of Improving the Awnless Brome Productivity in Yakutia
Authors: Platonova A Z , Pavlov N E
Published: March 2021

The article presents an author’s long term works results on the development of the agroecological technique for growing seeds and hay of awnless brome in permafrost floodplain soils on the Lena river middle reaches. The awnless brome Ammachaan and Kamalinskiy 14 varieties seeding rate and row space for cultivars are recommended. Varieties morphological changes in Oymakonya conditions are given. Recommended agroecological methods of cultivation provide guaranteed seed yield from 1.9 to 2.25 C/ha and hay yield up to 21-54 C/ha in conditions without irrigation and irrigation. It should be noted that the awnless brome Ammachaan and Kamalinskiy 14 varieties despite meteorological conditions during the research years showed excellent winter hardiness in the conditions of Central Yakutia, and the Pole of Cold of Yakutia (Oymyakonye). At the same time, it was conducted the agroecological assessment of the initial material (150 samples) in the Oymyakonye region. Mostly varieties from the world collection of VIR were presented. Also, the Yakut breeding hybrids and local populations from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) were tested. As a result of the research, the local samples were selected that exceed the Kamalinskiy 14 variety by selection indicators. It was determined the potential of awnless brome’ seeds and green mass formation using a wide-row method of sowing with 60 cm row space and a seeding rate of three million pieces per one hectare. The conducted researches have shown that the Kamalinskiy 14 variety are well-prepared to the winter grazing of horses in Yakutia.
Safe Technologies in the Oil Industry: Opportunities and Prospects for the Use of Polysaccharide Structure-Forming Agents in Drilling Fluids
Authors: Flik E A , Tyaglivaya I N , Zhukova I Yu
Published: March 2021

One of the possible ways to solve environmental problems in oil industry is the introduction of technologies that are safe for the environment. Of particular interest in this regard are technological liquids (drilling fluids) on a polysaccharide basis with use of natural polymers. The most accessible for the application of polysaccharides are starch, xanthan and guar gum, ritizan. These structure-forming biopolymers have a set of unique properties that allow to effectively manage the rheological characteristics of drilling fluids. The article analyses the results of research on the practical application of the most available biopolymers in oil production. The main characteristics of polysaccharides are considered, their influence on the efficiency of oil production is estimated. It shows the advantages of the rheological properties of drilling fluids based on xanthan gum and ritizan.
Field Tests of Colters with Two-Plane Grass Seed Spreader
Authors: Lopareva S G , Mekshun Yu N , Loparev D V
Published: March 2021

Mulcher seeder with mechanical seeding of seeds equipped with tine coulters do not fully ensure uniform distribution over the width of the opener. The best nutritional conditions of the plant are obtained with the subsoil-dispersive method of sowing. A scheme of a coulter with a two-plane grass seed spreader, which provides a subsurface-spread method of sowing is proposed.

The movements of grain in the understock space of a plow coulter were described by the numerical methods in the Mathcad program. Theoretical studies determined the influence of various factors on the particle trajectory and established the laws of the seed distribution process. Laboratory studies have determined the main design parameters of a two-plane grass seed spreader. The results of scientific research served as the basis for the development of a two-plane grass seed spreader of a tine coulter.

To confirm the reliability of theoretical and experimental study results conducted field tests. For field tests on the planter experimental tine coulters with a two-plane spreader are installed. After 100% of the emergence of seedlings in field conditions the uniform distribution of plants was determined. The uniform distribution of seedlings was determined by a frame with a size of 1000x1000 mm with cells measuring 50x50 mm. The frame was superimposed on the seedlings and counted the number of seedlings in each cell. As a result of the sowing analysis the uniform distribution over the width of the coulter and the feeding area was determined.

The two-plane spreader for subsoil-free sowing is intended for the modernization of tine coulter stubble seeders with mechanical seeding of SZS-2.1M and SKP-2.1 type seeds. The coulter equipped with such a spreader ensures the sowing process with higher quality indicators of the uniform distribution of seeds, which allows to obtain a yield increase of 10 … 12%.
Fish as a Cause of Diphyllobothriosis in the Population of Yakutia
Authors: Platonov T A , Nyukkanov A N , Kuzmina N V
Published: March 2021

High incidence of diphyllobothriosis in the middle reaches of the Lena river and all links of biocenotic relationships between potential intermediate, additional and definitive hosts prove the existence of a hotbed of D. latum in the study area. The circulation of the tapeworm follows the following pattern: human, carnivorous domestic animals – copepods – Coregonus tugun — human, carnivorous domestic animals. The main factor in the transmission of the invasive species is the traditional consumption of insufficiently disinfected salted fish by the population.
The Analysis of Injected Water into O-1 Formation of the Central Block of the Talakan Oil and Gas Condensate Field in Order to Identify and Predict Zones With High Risk of Salt Precipitation
Authors: Ilzit E
Published: March 2021

The value of this research work involves the search for newer and best options of salt precipitation prediction in wells for fields in Eastern Siberia using the example of the Cenral Block of the Talakan oil and gas condensate field. The development of this block is complicated by the presence of salt impurities in a pore volume and highly mineralized formation water represented as calcium chloride brine while the source of gypsum deposits is injected water containing excess sulfate ion values. Prediction and control for scale during oil production is essential for practical tasks since the effectiveness of actions for elimination of salt sediments, prevention and protection of oilfield equipment depends on the prediction and timely detection of salt deposits in wells, on pumping equipment, in oil gathering and processing systems. If there is a problem, it is necessary to monitor it and prevent negative events leading to unproductive costs and losses in oil production, especially in the conditions of market relations, when the development of oil fields should be cost-effective.
Influence of Biodegradation Processes on the Relative Distribution of Normal and Isoalkanes in Oil
Authors: Chemodanov A E , Ziniukov R A , Nourgaliev D K
Published: March 2021

The article presents research and describes the mechanism of aerobic biodegradation of oils of various origins. The influence of degradation processes on the relative distribution of normal alkanes and isoprenoids is considered. When drawing conclusions about the type of source substance, sedimentation conditions, and maturity parameters based on biomarker correlations, it is essential to exclude the presence of biodegradation, or take into account its influence in relation to the objects under study. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the selectivity of oil biodegradation in terms of various effects on the ratio of isobutane/n-butane can be used to clarify the remaining reserves of oil fields.
Sewage Sludge Utilization for Power Production
Authors: Lyubov V K , Popov A N , Malkov A V
Published: March 2021

It has been experimentally shown that the Metso Hybex steam boiler, installed at CHP-plant No.1 of AO APPM and designed to burn a mixture of bark and wood waste and sewage sludge, ensures their efficient utilization without fuel oil support flaming. The gross efficiency was 85.22–85.24% at boiler unit loads close to the nominal. The environmental performance of the boiler fully complies with the requirements established by directive 2010/75/EU and GOST 50831-95. The operation of the boiler ensured the complete utilization of sewage sludge generated at the water and wastewater treatment facility. The annual savings of fossil fuels amounted to more than 80 thousand tons of reference fuel. The total content of heavy metals emitted into the atmosphere with fly ash by a Hybex boiler with a bubbling fluidized bed when burning high-moisture biofuels is many times lower than when burning coal.
Improving the Reliability of Remote Nodes Hydroficated Machines
Authors: Pugin K G , Piramatov U A
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the existing trends in the development of diagnostic methods for hydraulic systems of technological machines. A description of the methods for diagnosing hydraulic systems using various approaches is given. The studies of contamination of the working fluid in various sections of the hydraulic systems presented in the article confirm the inefficiency of the existing diagnostic methods used for modern technological machines. The presence of dead-end branches in hydraulic systems does not allow us to fully judge the technical reliability of the machine as a whole. The results of the analysis of samples of the working fluid of hydraulic systems of construction and mining drilling machines taken from different sections of hydraulic systems are presented.
Current Issues to Diagnose Electric Connections of the Traction Energy System
Authors: Ignatenko I V , Vlasenko S A
Published: March 2021

Currently, the task is to increase the capacity of the Russian Far Eastern Railway in the direction of ports on the Pacific Coast. This causes a significant increase in loads in the traction energy system, and under such conditions, the serviceability of the electric power infrastructure is crucial to ensure. In this regard, the stability of operation can be increased by improving the monitoring and diagnostics systems of the traction network elements. One of these elements is the electrical connection which has always been the most sensitive in the power grid. Therefore, the identification of factors that affect its failure, as well as the logic in maintenance and repair are relevant and significant not only for railway networks but for the electric power industry as a whole.
Risk Assessment on Human Health: the Case of Primorsky Krai Abandoned Sulfide-Rich Tailings Dump
Authors: Frolov K R , Artemova M I , Ponomarev O A
Published: March 2021

To evaluate the human health risk, the Vetvisty creek (Vysokogorsk settlement, Primorsky krai) water quality monitoring was performed, and health risk associated with exposure to metals via oral ingestion was calculated. The results of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analyses for six samples collected in May, August, and November 2019 demonstrated a spatial variation of dissolved metals concentrations in the Vetvisty creek flow at stations before and after the tailings dam. The obtained characteristics of creek water samples allowed us to reveal, that the greatest contribution to carcinogenic risk is made is made by arsenic (up to 0.00160 mg/L and 2,99×10−5 of individual lifetime risk). The obtained cancer risk associated with exposure to metals via oral ingestion have the values of 3,17×10−5 and 2.28×10−5 before and after the Vysokogorsk tailings dam, respectively. All the risk levels are in carcinogenic risks range acceptable by United States Environmental Protection Agency and do not require any additional measures except of dissolved metals content control.
Digital Technology in Agricultural Sector
Authors: Marinchenko T E
Published: March 2021

The digitalization of production in agriculture is a global trend, there is a great research and investment interest in digital technologies. The national priorities of present Russia to be determined by the program documents of the country’s socio-economic development for the period up to 2030 imply the use of the wide possibilities of digital technologies to ensure the entry of the Russian Federation into the number of the largest economies in the world. Since the state has set a task to transform agriculture through the introduction of digital technologies, the issue of introducing information technologies in small and medium-sized enterprises that lack investment is very relevant. The purpose of the study is to analyze the positive experience of introducing digital technologies by farmers, in particular blockchain technologies, to determine the prospects for the process and justify the dissemination of positive experience. The promising areas of using digital technologies in farms are analyzed and substantiated. These technologies make it possible to simplify the sale of products, eliminate unnecessary intermediaries, provide investments in the development of production, logistics and certification, as well as the development of rural areas and infrastructure. ICO and crowdfunding can be a starting point for the development and upgrading of farms. Therefore, information on successful practices in the application of information technologies should be popularized among farmers for wider dissemination among farmers.
The Study of Dust Nanoparticles and Their Impact on the Health of Mining Workers
Authors: Aleksandrova A Yu , Timofeeva S S
Published: March 2021

Throughout evolution, human lungs adapted to fighting respiratory tract infections and less so to mitigating the impacts of non-organic microparticles. When an infectious agent, immune complex, or a dust particle contacts with the phagocyte membrane, the oxygen consumption increases so intensively that this phenomenon received the name of “respiratory explosion”. The miner diseases are too numerous to cover them all in this article. Therefore, this work deals with the negative effects of marble and granite dust on the development of professional diseases. These are the most widely spread mineral rocks in Irkutsk Oblast and Russia in general. This research found that the inspected workshops in Irkutsk Oblast have high levels of pollution with granite and marble dust. Marble and granite dust from the quarries of Irkutsk Oblast contains between 40 and 80% of silicon dioxide (SiO2) in a free state. The dust of marble and granite mines causes dust-related lung diseases. We shall focus on their symptoms, diagnosis, and clinical features. This research was carried out with financial support from RFBR within the scope of the research project No 19-35-90096.
Evaluation of the Technical and Economic Efficiency of Oil-Contaminated Wastes Recycling System Based on DEA-Method
Authors: Afinogentov A A , Derevyanov M Yu , Pleshivtseva Yu E
Published: March 2021

The article presents a method for analysis of technical and economic efficiency of oil-contaminated wastes (OCW) recycling system. The approach is based on a comparative analysis of the values of costs and profits for the processing of waste in a particular storage facility using a specific processing technology for various combinations of storages and technologies. The set of compared combinations was compiled on the basis of data on the actual processing technology applied for the OCW recycling in the particular storage and also for the technology selected using a special evaluation algorithm. The algorithm for optimization of the OCW recycling system includes the determination of the reuse potential assessments for OCW storage facilities, as well as evaluation of environmental safety and energy efficiency assessments for processing technologies. The calculation of efficiency estimates is carried out using the DEA method, which is widely used as a method of multi-factorial assessment of the efficiency of production systems, using specially developed software.
Restoring the Boundary Condition and the Initial State in the Variational Data Assimilation Problem for the Black Sea Dynamics Model
Authors: Shutyaev V P , Parmuzin E I
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, we formulate an inverse problem of assimilation of sea surface temperature for a sea thermodynamics model aimed at the reconstruction of the heat flux and the initial state. We assume, that the unique function which is obtained by observation data processing is the function of sea surface temperature (SST). Numerical experiments on restoring the surface heat flux and the initial state for the system of the Black Sea primitive equation hydrodynamics model (temperature, salinity, velocity, and sea surface level) with assimilation procedure were carried. The results of the numerical experiments are presented.
The Formation Features of Sustainable Tourism in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ignatieva T A , Karpova G A , Pilyavsky V P
Published: March 2021

The article describes the main criteria for sustainable tourism development, systematizes recreational territories by their capacity and types of recreational and eco-tourism activities, provides a system of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the ecosystems state, and suggests using a mechanism for forming and promoting the brand of a tourist destination in the Russian Federation.
Ways to Reduce Carbon-Dioxide Emissions at Brewery Enterprises
Authors: Ivanchenko O B , Balanov P E , Smotraeva I V
Published: March 2021

The world community is concerned about the global climate warming, among the reasons for which the increasing amount of carbon dioxide emitted is being considered, and carry out a systematic work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of six types of gases (along with others), the content of which should be reduced, in accordance with the international obligation of Russia. In this regard, the Russian enterprises producing carbon dioxide as a by-product must also understand the current environmental issues and try to reduce their emissions. In this paper, solutions are proposed for the correct emission of carbon dioxide in breweries.
Evaluation of Vibration Treatment Effect on Mechanical Properties of Welded Joints of Steel Pipes 5CrMo16
Authors: Tokarev A S , Karetnikov D V , Fairushin A M
Published: March 2021

In modern refining conditions associated with increasing requirements for the quality of products produced and ensuring the safety of processes, the operating conditions of the equipment are becoming more complicated, and the range of materials used is expanding. A significant part of the equipment, especially used to carry out high-temperature processing processes in hydrogen sulfide and oxidative sulfur-containing media, is made of heat-resistant chromomolybdenum steels of the type 5CrMo16, the welding process of which is quite complicated. In this work, studies of the mechanical properties of welded joints made of steel are presented 5CrMo16 under various modes of loading welded joints during welding, and new results on the crack resistance of welded joints during repeated heating are also experimentally obtained. Conclusions on the level of residual stresses in the samples, strength characteristics of the weld, as well as the fracture resistance of the weld metal of the examined samples were made.
Analysis of the Investments Impact in the Field of Eco-Innovation on the Environmental Safety of Industrial Regions
Authors: Pepelyaeva A , Elokhova I , Karpovich Y
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the innovative activities of Russian enterprises that ensure the improvement of environmental safety, environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. Since the environmental safety of Russian regions is influenced by their sectoral structure of economic activity, a cluster analysis of Russian regions by the prevailing type of economic activity is carried out within the framework of the author’s methodology. As a result of clustering, 7 clusters were identified. The assessment of the eco-investments’ impact on the environmental safety of territories was carried out using the example of cluster 1 "Industrial- diversified regions". A regression analysis of the assessment of the eco-innovations’ impact on the environmental safety of regions was carried out using the example of the leading regions in cluster 1 in terms of the volume and dynamics of costs for eco-innovations. The constructed models demonstrate a significant relationship between the eco-innovation activities of enterprises in the evaluated regions and the costs of its implementation and regional environmental safety.
Integrated and Unit Diagrams in Locomotive Traction Drives
Authors: Antipin D Ya , Nadtochey D G , Bondarenko D A
Published: March 2021

The problem of finding rational structural schemes of traction drives of freight and passenger locomotives with asynchronous traction electric motors is considered. It has been established that existing trends in the development of traction drives lead to the use of an integrated circuit that can improve reliability and durability due to a significant decrease in the manufacturability of production and repair. An aggregate layout scheme of the traction drive, which is easier to manufacture than the known analogues of the integrated type is proposed, as well as solutions to improve the manufacturability of integrated drives. The proposed designs are patented.
Possibility of Environment-Friendly Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Copper-Zinc Concentrate Containing Arsenic
Authors: Artykova A V , Melamud V S , Boduen A Ya , Bulaev A G
Published: March 2021

Pyrometallurgical treatment of copper concentrates containing arsenic poses a problem due to the emission of toxic gaseous arsenic oxides. Therefore, the development of effective environment-friendly hydrometallurgical approaches allowing extracting metals from these concentrates without gas emission is a relevant issue. The goal of the present work was to study the effect of chloride on the bioleaching of Cu-Zn concentrate containing tennantite and solid residue of its alkaline sulfide leaching (ASL) in order to evaluate the possibility to improve bioleaching of Cu-Zn concentrates containing tennantite using ASL pretreatment and NaCl addition. In NaCl absence, bioleaching of the concentrate made it possible to extract 52 and 62% of Cu and Zn for 30 days. The addition of 100 mM NaCl allowed extracting 66 and 93% of Cu and Zn. In the same time, bioleaching of ASL residue made it possible to extract 74 and 66% of Cu and Zn, while NaCl addition to the medium inhibited Cu and Zn extraction during ASL bioleaching and 35 and 62% of Cu and Zn were leached. Thus, it was shown, that both ASL pretreatment and NaCl addition increased the rate of copper and zinc bioleaching from the concentrate, while NaCl addition to the medium led to inhibition of ASL residue bioleaching. Therefore, both methods can be considered as promising approaches to increase metal extraction from Cu-Zn concentrates containing tennantite but the effect of each factor should be studied in detail to develop effective technologies.
2D Seismic Interpretation and Characterization of the Upper Qishn Clastics in Sharyoof Oil Field, Masila Basin, Yemen
Authors: Abdullah E A , Kotelnikova E M , Hassan M A
Published: March 2021

The Sharyoof oil field is located off shore in Block 53 in the northeastern part of the Syaun-Masilah Basin, in the province of Hadramaut, 550 km from the city of Sana’a, the capital of Yemen. Fifteen 2D seismic lines along with six wells data are used to construct subsurface geological profile, and to identify major structural features in the study area. Synthetic seismograms have been constructed using sonic and density log for all available wells to tie horizons to seismic data and to generate time and depth subsurface maps. This research has been carried out using integrated 2D seismic and petrophysical studies in Sharyoof oilfield. Using the analysis and interpretation of seismic data, the main structural faults were identified, maps of isochrones, structural maps of depth and thickness were constructed, which subsequently will allow us to correctly determine the deep geological structures in Upper Qishn Clastics member and evaluate the oil horizons of the Sharyoof oilfield.
Ecological and Economic Assessment of Anthropogenic Impact on Deer Pastures
Authors: Zhelonkina E E , Pafnutova E G , Valiev J S
Published: March 2021

Due to the great industrial pressure, the northern territories suffer from heavy pollution. This leads to the deterioration of all biological resources in this region, the breakage of natural food chains, including the deer food resources which are crucial for the traditional nature management practices of the indigenous peoples of the North. Unsatisfactory conditions at deer pastures and the improper use of the pasture lands lead to the reduction of deer foraging lands due to their transformation into industrial facilities (mostly). This calls for an assessment of environmental damages done to the territories. It is also crucial to perform an economic assessment of actions aimed at the reduction of anthropogenic load in the polluted areas.
Solid-Phase Reagents on the Modified Silica Gel Base for the Rapid Determination of Nickel(II) Ions
Authors: Maslakova T I , Pervova I G
Published: March 2021

The new solid-phase reagent is synthesized by previous modifying the surface of silica gel with l-(4-sulfophenyl)-3-methyl-5-(benzoxazol-2-yl)formazan for Ni(II) ions determination in water. The high effective colour change (Δλ = 200 nm) is observed due to complex-formation reaction reagent with nickel (II) ions. Increasing toxicant concentration is accompanied by growth the colour intensity of the solid-phase sorbent, which form the basis of colour scale development for the Ni(II) ions determination in the range 10-100 mkg/ml. Ni(II) ions determination can’t be disturbed by the presence of Co(II) ions, alkali or alkali-earth metal ions. Proposed technique is high rapid (its max duration is 2-3 min), ordinary (it is required neither expensive equipment nor qualified staff to use the technique) and ecological friendly.
Geotechnical Monitoring of Pipeline Systems Operating Under Conditions of Permafrost (Yakutia)
Authors: Struchkova G , Kapitonova T , Efremov P
Published: March 2021

Life safety on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is directly related to the uninterrupted supply of energy and heat, which is caused by low climatic temperatures. Even in Central Yakutia, the average period of temperatures below 0° C is about 210 days, below −20 ° C - 138 days. The minimum temperature is distributed in the range from −47.8 ° C to −60.3 ° C. Under such natural conditions, the release of any object in gas and heat supply chain leads to disastrous consequences. In the year at gas and heat supply facilities, several dozen emergencies of varying severity are recorded, mainly in winter period. The system of oil and gas pipelines laid on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), mostly located in the permafrost zone, is affected by dangerous geological processes, which significantly affects its reliability and safety. For stable operation of oil and gas complex (OGC) of the Republic, an assessment of pipeline state system, based on geotechnical monitoring, is necessary. The monitoring system provides heterogeneous data, the analysis of which helps to clarify the interaction between pipeline and permafrost in various geological conditions, and allows you to evaluate and predict the condition of objects and environment.
Application of Soundproof Planning to Reduce Noise in Residential Building
Authors: Butorina M , Kuklin D , Drozdova L
Published: March 2021

Traffic noise is one of the main factors affecting the population both in Europe and in Russia. To reduce noise in the design of residential buildings, the methods of soundproof planning of residential buildings are used. They must be justified by an acoustic calculation. The currently existing methods for assessing diffraction have a number of limitations. For a correct assessment of noise reduction behind noise-insulating types of buildings, a scientifically grounded engineering method has been developed to assess the diffraction of sound for various locations of buildings relative to the noise source. The method allows to evaluate diffraction with high accuracy. The analysis of the factors influencing the attenuation of noise in buildings, carried out using the developed method, made it possible to assess the influence on the noise attenuation of the geometric parameters of buildings and the gaps between them, sound absorption of the territory and building facades. The results of analysis helped to develop recommendations for noise protection methods of building.
Method for Assessing the Consequences of Natural and Man- Made Emergencies (on the Example of the Siberian Federal District of Russia)
Authors: Knaub R V , Ignateva A V
Published: March 2021

The paper presents a method to assess and forecast consequences of natural and man-made emergencies, based on regions of the Siberian Federal District of Russia. A single common measure for all emergencies can be found only in socio-economic consequences of emergencies — both natural and man-made accidents. This measure is the number of victims, as well as the amount of losses. The calculations are based on the factors that adjust the number of victims and losses from natural and man-made disasters to the population level and prices of 2000. The paper presents some statistics of emergency situations in the Siberian Federal District for 2000–2010. Based on the calculation results, forecast maps for damage caused by natural and man-made emergencies, as well as for total damage for 1960, 1990, 2010–2020, were created.
Unification of Regulatory Documents of the Eurasian Economic Union in the Field of Veterinary Medicine as a Factor in Ensuring Food Security
Authors: Moskovenko N V , Muratov A A , Tikhonova N V , Ragozinnikova E V
Published: March 2021

In the field of veterinary medicine there are no documents rationing methods for research and diagnosis of emergent diseases of animals, their descriptions, the possibility of using them in various conditions, the disclosure of the phased course of the test, and testing of animals for virus antibodies. For this, it is necessary to create a set of standards in the field of diagnosing emergent animal diseases. On the basis of the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 44 "Technologist", the International Technical Committee for Standardization ITC 534 with our direct participation, draft standards have been created that define methods for laboratory diagnosis of especially dangerous animal diseases in order to ensure food safety. Standards are unified for the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Standards regulate guidelines for identifying an agent, collecting samples at the right time, choosing the detection of the virus for diagnosis, determining antibodies. All standards meet the general requirements for regulatory documents.
Green Areas as a Framework for Ensuring the Resilient of Cities
Authors: Potapova E , Kruchina E , Barkhatova O
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the assessment of one of the settlements resilient elements - green areas. It is the settlements greenery that fulfill a huge complex of ecosystem environmental services and functions. Several definitions of the settlement’s resilient are given. Further development of this scientific area is includes city resilient profiling and is carried out to compilation the object passport. The method of systematic analysis was applied to field data of structural features and functional zoning of cities in Russia and abroad. It allows us to identify the possibilities of green areas for determination of settlement resilient. The article gives a general view of relevant and up-to-date classification of green areas, which consists of 4 categories and 30 types. Each greening object is evaluated according to the author’s methodology, which includes an assessment of 31 indicators (e.g. debris on the land, area of disturbed land, the presence of unique species, the intensity of the load at survey time, etc.) Each greening object is evaluated according to the author’s methodology, which includes an assessment of 31 indicators (e.g. debris, area of disturbed land, the presence of unique species, the intensity of the load at survey time, etc.) and estimation of six classes of hemerobicity from normal to catastrophic. The total score of these indicators is the coefficient of the environmental situation. With this coefficient, it is possible: to assess the state; compare dynamics and objects, carry out remedial actions to reduce the class of hemorrhage and analyze the effectiveness of these actions. This indicator is a convenient tool for city logistics decisionmakers and public environmental organizations.
Analysis of Piping Methods in Permafrost Soils
Authors: Garris N A , Glukhova Z R
Published: March 2021

This article describes the experience of domestic and foreign pipelines operation on permafrost soils. Deformations of pipelines during above-ground and underground laying, as well as development of cryogenic processes in the pipeline running area are noted. Promising methods of laying and operation modes of northern pipelines satisfying the principle of non-invasion of soil and the principle of minimum thermal impact are considered. The surface method of laying a pipeline in areas of frost meets the principle of "minimal invasion" into the soil. The regulation of the thawing halo will allow not only to minimize the effect of thawing and freezing of soil around the pipeline during operation, but also to avoid uncontrolled subsidence and heaving, minimize their value, and exclude karst processes. The surface method of laying a pipeline in an embankment on undisturbed moss cover by self-immersion using operating modes in which technological regulation is carried out reduces the thermal effect of the pipeline on the ground and ensures the restoration of permafrost in winter.
Modular-Technological Scheme for Tractors of Traction Classes 1.4
Authors: Sidorov V N , Voinash S A , Ivanov A A , Petrov S A
Published: March 2021

The increase in power of modern energy-saturated wheel tractors does not allow us to realize all the power through traction, causing an increase in fuel consumption. Therefore, the search for ways to improve tractors of the new traction and energy concept is a vital task.

To solve the problem of implementing the power reserve of energy-saturated tractors, a modular scheme for completing a machine-tractor unit (MTU) based on wheeled tractors of traction classes 1.4 was considered. To increase the technological universality of tractors of traction classes 1.4, a tractor configuration scheme with a technological module based on an easily connectable and detachable linkage design is considered. This allows us to aggregate the tractor both independently with any implement for tractors of classes 1.4 and with a process module with implements for tractors of classes 2-3.

As a result of the studies, a modular layout scheme for the MTU based on a tractor of traction classes 1.4 in combination with a technological module was proposed. The technological module is a single-axle drive trolley-hitch made on the basis of an articulated steering frame equipped with drive wheels. MTU formed after a modular scheme based on a wheeled tractor allows us to use the coupling weight of not only the tractor, but also the technological module with an agricultural implement mounted on it. The weight of the technological module is selected in such a way as to ensure the transition of the tractor to the adjacent traction class according to the type applicable in our country.

Based on the undertaken studies, a reduction in losses to overcome resistance and slipping of propulsors, an increase in the MTU productivity and a more complete use of the tractor engine power were obtained.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Dust and Gas Collecting Units of Woodworking Shops in Shipbuilding Industry
Authors: Makarova V , Tkalich V
Published: March 2021

The bigger the number of shipbuilding enterprises the more the negative impact on the environment they have. Such enterprises have many sources of air pollution. At each of the organized sources of air pollution it is necessary to clean the emissions regardless of the hazard class of the discharged substances. It is important that the standards of pollutants, regardless of their hazard class, are respected at each of the sites of industrial enterprises. Woodworking shops are located at shipbuilding enterprises, where wood dust is released during wood processing. In this work, the effectiveness of the operation of dust and gas collectors of Shop N°2 at AO Vostochnaya Verf was evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of the cyclones of the Shop N°2 and determine their effectiveness. The subject of research is the performance of dust and gas collecting units of the Shop N°2. Research methods used in the standard are in accordance with current regulations. The article details the installations for cleaning waste gases from harmful impurities and wood dust. The relevance of this article lies in the importance of evaluating the performance of dust and gas collectors that clean the air from dust particles released during woodworking at a construction company Studies have shown that the effectiveness of the cyclones of the Shop N°2 is in the range from 54 to 60%. The obtained measurements showed that the simplicity of the cyclone design allows to maintain the efficiency declared by the manufacturer for many years.
Endogenic and Exogenic Hazardous Relief-Forming Processes on Sakhalin Island
Authors: Lebedeva E V , Kazakov N A , Ershov V V
Published: March 2021

Endogenous and exogenous relief-forming processes on Sakhalin Island are very dynamic. This can be due to both geological and tectonic (the position of the island on the border of tectonic plates, the predominance of easily destroyed rocks), and geographic factors (including the active interaction between oceanic and continental air masses and altitude). An active Central Sakhalin fault separating microplates provides primary control over seismicity and can have a noticeable effect on mud volcanism. The activity of a mud volcano, taking into account the impact on adjacent valleys, can affect up to 10 km2. The most common exogenous processes of the island are landslides, avalanches and mudflows. Up to 70% of Sakhalin’s territory is subject to these dangerous processes. They are also often triggered by seismic events. It is extremely difficult to predict the exact location and type of activated processes, as well as the time and frequency of their activation. The proposed map of tension in geomorphic systems makes it possible to conduct a reconnaissance assessment of the region, as well as a comparison between individual zones and determine the most dangerous ones.