bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nature-based allied health: current practice, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Stanhope Jessica , Foley Kristen , Butler Mary , Boddy Jennifer , Clanchy Kelly , George Emma , Roberts Rachel , Rothmore Paul , Salter Amy , Serocki Patricia , Thirumanickam Abirami , Weinstein Philip
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To guide the effective use of nature-based approaches, we aimed to determine current practice, challenges and proposed solutions concerning the use of these approaches by allied health professionals (AHPs). We also investigated the signs, symptoms and conditions AHPs believe nature-based approaches may prevent and/or manage, as well as the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods

Allied health professionals who used or wanted to use in nature-based approaches in Australia were invited to complete an online questionnaire. Qualitative data were analysed through inductive coding and categorisation, while descriptive statistics were reported for the quantitative data.

Results

Allied health professionals indicated that exposure to nature could prevent and/or manage a range of physical and mental health, social and developmental outcomes. Perceived challenges were identified, related to the patients/clients, AHPs themselves, and external factors. Recommended solutions included increasing education for AHPs and the general public, advancing more research, implementing changes to governance, and legitimisation of nature-based approaches as part of allied health practice.

Conclusions

Increasing awareness and evidence of the use of nature-based approaches among the AHPs and across sectors – particularly with policy, education, funding, and health management– will support their legitimacy and potential benefit a range of populations.

Implications for rehabilitation

Allied health professionals reported that nature-based approaches may help to prevent and/or manage a range of physical, mental, social and developmental health outcomes.

Challenges to implementing nature-based approaches included patient/ client, allied health professional, and external factors.

To address these challenges, legitimisation of nature-based approaches is key, which may be driven predominantly by research and education.
Spatiotemporal transcriptomic maps of mouse intracerebral hemorrhage at single-cell resolution
Authors: Xiang Rong , Wang Junmin , Wang Mingyue , Chen Zhan , Tao Jin , Ding Ruoqi , Tu ZhenCheng , Wang Shaoshuai , Yang Tao , Chen Jing , Jia Zihan , Peng Qinfeng , Li Xueping , Zhang Xinru , Chen Shuai , Cheng Nannan , Zhao Mengke , Li Jiaxin , Xue Qidi , Jiang Chao , de Pablo Yolanda , Wilhelmsson Ulrika , Pekna Marcela , Pekny Milos , Mitsios Nicholas , Liu Chuanyu , Xu Xun , Fan Xiaochong , Mulder Jan , Chen Xuemei , Liu Longqi , Wang Jian
Published: May 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe and widespread disease that results in high mortality and morbidity. Despite significant advances made in clinical and preclinical research, the prognosis of ICH remains poor due to an incomplete understanding of the complex pathological responses. To address this challenge, we generated single-cell resolution spatiotemporal transcriptomic maps of mouse brain 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after ICH. Our analysis revealed the cellular constituents and their dynamic responses following ICH. We found changes in gene expression that are indicative of active phagocytosis and lipid processing in the lesion core and identified genes associated with brain repair at the lesion border. Persistent lipid accumulation culminated in the phenotypic transition of macrophages into foam cells. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that ICH could stimulate neural stem cells in the subventricular zone, thereby enhancing neurogenesis in this niche. This study provides a spatiotemporal molecular atlas of mouse ICH that advances the understanding of both local and global responses of brain cells to ICH and offers a valuable resource that can aid the development of novel therapies for this devastating condition.
Potassium homeostasis during disease progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Samokhina Evgeniia , Mangat Armaan , Malladi Chandra S. , Gyengesi Erika , Morley John W. , Buskila Yossi
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss leading to dementia and ultimately death. Whilst the loss of neurons is central to the disease, it is becoming clear that glia, specifically astrocytes, contribute to the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Astrocytic role in retaining ion homeostasis in the extracellular milieu is fundamental for multiple brain functions, including synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability, which are compromised during AD and affect neuronal signalling. In this study, we have measured the astrocytic K+clearance rate in the hippocampus and somatosensory cortex of a mouse model for AD during disease progression. Our results establish that astrocytic [K+]oclearance in the hippocampus is reduced in symptomatic 5xFAD mice, and this decrease is region-specific. The decrease in the [K+]oclearance rate correlated with a significant reduction in the expression and conductivity of Kir4.1 channels and a decline in the number of primary connected astrocytes. Moreover, astrocytes in the hippocampus of symptomatic 5xFAD mice demonstrated increased reactivity which was accompanied by an increased excitability and altered spiking profile of nearby neurons. These findings indicate that the supportive function astrocytes typically provide to nearby neurons is diminished during disease progression, which affects the neuronal circuit signalling in this area and provides a potential explanation for the increased vulnerability of neurons in AD.
The Effects of Locus Coeruleus Optogenetic Stimulation on Global Spatiotemporal Patterns in Rats
Authors: Anumba Nmachi , Kelberman Michael A. , Pan Wenju , Marriott Alexia , Zhang Xiaodi , Xu Nan , Weinshenker David , Keilholz Shella
Published: May 2024

Whole-brain intrinsic activity as detected by resting-state fMRI can be summarized by three primary spatiotemporal patterns. These patterns have been shown to change with different brain states, especially arousal. The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is a key node in arousal circuits and has extensive projections throughout the brain, giving it neuromodulatory influence over the coordinated activity of structurally separated regions. In this study, we used optogenetic-fMRI in rats to investigate the impact of LC stimulation on the global signal and three primary spatiotemporal patterns. We report small, spatially specific changes in global signal distribution as a result of tonic LC stimulation, as well as regional changes in spatiotemporal patterns of activity at 5 Hz tonic and 15 Hz phasic stimulation. We also found that LC stimulation had little to no effect on the spatiotemporal patterns detected by complex principal component analysis. These results show that the effects of LC activity on the BOLD signal in rats may be small and regionally concentrated, as opposed to widespread and globally acting.
Top-down and bottom-up interactions rely on nested brain oscillations
Authors: Trajkovic Jelena , Veniero Domenica , Hanslmayr Simon , Palva Satu , Cruz Gabriela , Romei Vincenzo , Thut Gregor
Published: May 2024

Adaptive visual processing is enabled through the dynamic interplay between top-down and bottom-up (feedback/feedforward) information exchange, presumably propagated through brain oscillations. Here we causally tested for the oscillatory mechanisms governing this interaction in the visual system. Using concurrent TMS-EEG, we emulated top-down signals by a single TMS-pulse over the Frontal Eye Field (right-FEF), while manipulating the strength of sensory input through the presentation of moving concentric gratings (compared to a control-TMS site). FEF-TMS without sensory input led to a top-down controlled occipital phase-realignment, alongside higher fronto-occipital phase-connectivity, in the alpha/beta-band. Sensory input in the absence of FEF-TMS increased occipital gamma activity. Crucially, testing the interaction between top-down and bottom-up processes (FEF-TMS during sensory input) revealed an increased nesting of the bottom-up gamma activity in the alpha/beta-band cycles. This establishes a causal link between phase-to-power coupling and top-down modulation of feedforward signals, providing novel mechanistic insights into how attention interacts with sensory input at the neural level, shaping rhythmic sampling.
FADS and semi-rational design modified T7 RNA polymerase reduced dsRNA production, with lower terminal transferase and RDRP activities
Authors: Tang Qiongwei , Zhu Sisi , Hu Nannan , Yin Sainan , Yang Yuhong , Teng Yigang , Song Dongliang , Liu Xiang
Published: May 2024

T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) is the preferred tool forin vitrotranscription (IVT), it synthesizes mRNA while accompanied by the generation of dsRNA by-products. This undesirable dsRNA triggers immune stress responses, compromises therapeutic efficacy, and raises safety concerns. To evolve T7 RNAP for reduced dsRNA, we pursued two complementary strategies. Firstly, the FADS (fluorescence-activated droplet sorting) based on molecular beacons was used to screen random libraries with diversity exceeding 105. Secondly, we constructed several single-site saturated libraries to facilitate the transition of T7 RNAP from the initiation to the elongation conformation. These libraries were screened using the traditional microplate-based dual-probe screening technique. Both approaches identified two dominant variants: Mut1 (V214A) and Mut7 (F162S/A247T) from FADS, Mut11 (K180E) and Mut14 (A70Q) from saturated libraries. Furthermore, the combinatorial mutant Mut17 (A70Q/F162S/K180E), generated via DNA shuffling, exhibited significantly reduced dsRNA production compared to the wild-type under various conditions, ranging from 0.18% to 1.80%, with a minimum value of 0.5 pg/μg. Cell experiments confirmed that variants generated capped-mRNA with similar quality and quantity to the wild-type, while significantly reducing immune stress response in cells. These results indicate the compatibility and broad potential applications of these mutations. We then observed a close correlation between the production of dsRNA and the activities of T7 RNAP in terminal transferase and RDRP. Particularly, the terminal transferase activity appears to play a critical role in dsRNA generation. These findings align with the mechanism of dsRNA formation during IVT and provide new screening criteria for further evolution of T7 RNAP.
Microbiomes of three coral species in the Mexican Caribbean and their shifts associated with the Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease
Authors: Arriaga-Piñón Zita P. , Aguayo-Leyva J. Eduardo , Álvarez-Filip Lorenzo , Banaszak Anastazia T. , Macedo Ma. Leopoldina Aguirre , Paz-García David A. , García-Maldonado José Q.
Published: May 2024

Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) has caused widespread coral mortality in the Caribbean Region. However, how the disease presence alters the microbiome community, their structure, composition, and metabolic functionality is still poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the microbial communities of the tissues of apparently healthy and diseased SCTLD colonies of the speciesSiderastrea siderea,Orbicella faveolata, andMontastraea cavernosato explore putative changes related to the presence of SCTLD.Gammaproteobacteria,Alphaproteobacteria, andBacteroidiawere the best represented classes in the healthy tissues of all coral species, and alpha diversity did not show significant differences among the species. The microbial community structure between coral species was significantly different (PERMANOVA: F=3.46, p=0.001), and enriched genera were detected for each species:VibrioandPhotobacteriuminS. siderea,Spirochaeta2andMarivivensinO. faveolataand SAR202_clade andNitrospirainM. cavernosa. Evidence of SCTLD in the microbial communities was more substantial inS. siderea, where differences in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and functional profiles were observed. InO. faveolata, differences were detected only in the community structure, whileM. cavernosasamples showed no significant difference. Several microbial groups were found to have enriched abundances in tissue from SCTLD lesions fromS. sidereaandO. faveolata, but no dominant bacterial group was detected. Our results contribute to understanding microbial diversity associated with three scleractinian coral species and the shifts in their microbiomes associated with SCTLD in the Mexican Caribbean.
Distinct release properties of glutamate/GABA co-transmission serve as a frequency-dependent filtering of supramammillary inputs
Authors: Hirai Himawari , Konno Kohtarou , Yamasaki Miwako , Watanabe Masahiko , Sakaba Takeshi , Hashimotodani Yuki
Published: May 2024

Glutamate and GABA co-transmitting neurons exist in several brain regions; however, the mechanism by which these two neurotransmitters are co-released from the same synaptic terminals remains unclear. Here, we show that the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) to dentate granule cell synapses, which co-release glutamate and GABA, exhibit differences between glutamate and GABA release properties in paired-pulse ratio, Ca2+-sensitivity, presynaptic receptor modulation, and Ca2+channel-vesicle coupling configuration. Moreover, uniquantal synaptic responses show independent glutamatergic and GABAergic responses. Morphological analysis reveals that most SuM terminals form distinct glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses in proximity, each characterized by GluN1 and GABAAα1 labeling, respectively. Notably, glutamate/GABA co-transmission exhibits distinct short-term plasticities, with frequency-dependent depression of glutamate and frequency-independent stable depression of GABA. Our findings suggest that glutamate and GABA are co-released from different synaptic vesicles within the SuM terminals, and reveal that distinct transmission modes of glutamate/GABA co-release serve as frequency-dependent filters of SuM inputs.
A single septin from a polyextremotolerant yeast recapitulates many canonical functions of septin hetero-oligomers
Authors: Hamilton Grace E , Wadkovsky Katherine N , Gladfelter Amy S
Published: May 2024

Morphological complexity and plasticity are hallmarks of polyextremotolerant fungi. Septins are conserved cytoskeletal proteins and key contributors to cell polarity and morphogenesis. They sense membrane curvature, coordinate cell division, and influence diffusion at the plasma membrane. Four septins homologs are conserved from yeasts to humans, the two systems in which septins have been studied most extensively. But there is also a fifth family of septin proteins that remain biochemically mysterious. Members of this family, known as Group 5 septins, appear in the genomes of filamentous fungi, and thus have been understudied due to their absence from ascomycete yeasts.Knufia petricolais an emerging model polyextremotolerant black fungus that can serve as a model system for understudied Group 5 septins. We have recombinantly expressed and biochemically characterizedKpAspE, a Group 5 septin fromK. petricola, demonstrating that this septin––by itselfin vitro–– recapitulates many of the functions of canonical septin hetero-octamers.KpAspE is an active GTPase that forms diverse homo-oligomers, senses membrane curvature, and interacts with the terminal subunit of canonical septin hetero-octamers. These findings raise the possibility that Group 5 septins govern the higher order structures formed by canonical septins, which inK. petricolacells form extended filaments. These findings provide insight into how septin hetero-oligomers evolved from ancient homomers and raise the possibility that Group 5 septins govern the higher order structures formed by canonical septins.

Significance Statement

Septins are understudied cytoskeletal proteins. Here, we biochemically characterizedKpAspE, a novel Group 5 septin from a polyextremotolerant black fungus.

KpAspE in isolation recapitulates many properties of canonical septin hetero-octamersin vitroand interacts with the Cdc11, the terminal subunit of those octamers.

These findings provide insight into how ancient septins may have evolved and diversified from homopolymers and suggest that many of the septin functions were present in the ancestral protein.
Design principles for engineering bacteria to maximise chemical production from batch cultures
Authors: Mannan Ahmad A. , Darlington Alexander P.S. , Tanaka Reiko J. , Bates Declan G.
Published: May 2024

Bacteria can be engineered to manufacture chemicals, but it is unclear how to optimally engineer a single cell to maximise production performance from batch cultures. Moreover, the performance of engineered production pathways is affected by competition for the host’s native resources. Here, using a “host-aware” computational framework which captures competition for both metabolic and gene expression resources, we uncover design principles for engineering the expression of host and production enzymes in a cell to maximise volumetric productivity and yield from batch cultures. Our results suggest that selecting strains in the lab for maximum growth and product synthesis can achieve close to maximum culture productivity and yield, but the growth-synthesis trade-off fundamentally limits production performance. We show that engineering genetic circuits to switch cells to a high synthesis-low growth state after first growing to a large population can further improve performance. By analysing different circuit topologies, we show that optimal performance is achieved by circuits that inhibit host metabolism to redirect it to product synthesis. Our results should facilitate construction of microbial cell factories with high and efficient production capabilities.
Pupillary manifolds: uncovering the latent geometrical structures behind phasic changes in pupil size
Authors: Blini Elvio , Arrighi Roberto , Anobile Giovanni
Published: May 2024

The size of the pupils reflects directly the balance of different branches of the autonomic nervous system. This measure is inexpensive, non-invasive, and has provided invaluable insights on a wide range of mental processes, from attention to emotion and executive functions. Two outstanding limitations of current pupillometry research are the lack of consensus in the analytical approaches, which vary wildly across research groups and disciplines, and the fact that, unlike other neuroimaging techniques, pupillometry lacks the dimensionality to shed light on the different sources of the observed effects. In other words, pupillometry provides an integrated readout of several distinct networks, but it is unclear whether each has a specific fingerprint, stemming from its function or physiological substrate. Here we show that phasic changes in pupil size are inherently low-dimensional, with modes that are highly consistent across behavioral tasks of very different nature, suggesting that these changes occur along pupillary manifolds that are highly constrained by the underlying physiological structures rather than functions. These results provide not only a unified approach to analyze pupillary data, but also the opportunity for physiology and psychology to refer to the same processes by tracing the sources of the reported changes in pupil size in the underlying biology.
A Scaffolding Element Rewires Local 3D Chromatin Architecture During Differentiation
Authors: Jerković Ivana , Di Stefano Marco , Reboul Hadrien , Szalay Michael F , Normanno Davide , Papadopoulos Giorgio L , Bantignies Frederic , Cavalli Giacomo
Published: May 2024

1

Upon differentiation chromatin rewires to reflect its new cellular identity and function. While it is widely known that this process involves cooperative changes in transcription, chromatin composition and 3D conformation, it is unclear what exactly drives these changes and how they influence one another. Here we used ESC-to-NPC differentiation to study rewiring at a 3 Mb large neuronalZfp608locus. During this process, this large chromatin domain splits in half right at theZfp608promoter, local chromatin gets littered with activating marks, compacts in 3D space andZfp608abounds in transcription. We investigated thecisandtranselements using capture Hi-C (cHi-C), extensive biophysical modelling, and 3-colour 3D-FISH with technical and analytical breakthroughs and found that transcription abundance modulates the contacts in the region as well as the insulation at the domain split. Furthermore, we found a genetic element we named scaffolding element, with a dual enhancer and architectural function that is essential for chromatin rewiring and loop formation at the NPC stage. The loss of this element disrupts the formation of all local NPC-loops irrespective if they are anchored in this element or not, highlighting the hierarchical relationship between elements that act as loop anchors. Furthermore, we uncovered that the scaffolding function, although driven by multiple mechanisms, can form loops independent of loop-extrusion and that other molecular attractions were necessary to form NPC-specific contacts in the region. Together, these results demonstrate that a hierarchy of genetic elements incisallows successful rewiring during differentiation and that multipletransacting elements contribute to make this rewiring efficient.
Hadronization of heavy quarks
Authors: Zhao Jiaxing , Aichelin Jörg , Gossiaux Pol Bernard , Beraudo Andrea , Cao Shanshan , Fan Wenkai , He Min , Minissale Vincenzo , Song Taesoo , Vitev Ivan , Rapp Ralf , Bass Steffen , Bratkovskaya Elena , Greco Vincenzo , Plumari Salvatore
Published: May 2024

Heavy-flavor hadrons produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are a sensitive probe for studying hadronization mechanisms of the quark-gluon-plasma. In this paper, we survey how different transport models for the simulation of heavy-quark diffusion through a quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions implement hadronization and how this affects final state observables. Utilizing the same input charm-quark distribution in all models at the hadronization transition, we find that the transverse-momentum dependence of the nuclear modification factor of various charm hadron species has significant sensitivity to the hadronization scheme. In addition, the charm-hadron elliptic flow exhibits a nontrivial dependence on the elliptic flow of the hadronizing partonic medium.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Testing lepton flavor universality at future
Z
factories
Authors: Ho Tin Seng Manfred , Jiang Xu-Hui , Kwok Tsz Hong , Li Lingfeng , Liu Tao
Published: May 2024

As one of the hypothetical principles in the Standard Model (SM), lepton flavor universality (LFU) should be tested with a precision as high as possible such that the physics violating this principle can be fully examined. The run of a Z factory at a future e+e− collider, such as the Circular Electron-Positron Collider or Future Circular Collider (electron/positron), provides a great opportunity to perform this task because of the large statistics and high reconstruction efficiencies for b hadrons at the Z pole. In this paper, we present a systematic study on the LFU test in future Z factories. The goal is threefold. First, we study the sensitivities of measuring the LFU-violating observables of b→cτν, i.e., RJ/ψ,

R

D

s

, RDs*, and RΛc, where τ decays muonically. For this purpose, we develop the strategies for event reconstruction, based on the track information significantly. Second, we explore the sensitivity robustness against detector performance and its potential improvement with the message of event shape or beyond the b-hadron decays. A picture is drawn on the variation of analysis sensitivities with the detector tracking resolution and soft photon detectability, and the impact of Fox-Wolfram moments is studied on the measurement of relevant flavor events. Finally, we interpret the projected sensitivities in the SM effective field theory, by combining the LFU tests of b→cτν and the measurements of b→sτ+τ− and b→sν¯ν. We show that the limits on the LFU-violating energy scale can be pushed up to ∼O(10)  TeV for ≲O(1) Wilson coefficients at Tera-Z.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Ghost-gluon vertex in the presence of the Gribov horizon: General kinematics
Authors: Barrios N. , Peláez M. , Guimaraes M. S. , Mintz B. W. , Palhares L. F.
Published: May 2024

Correlation functions are important probes for the behavior of quantum field theories. Already at tree-level, the refined Gribov-Zwanziger (RGZ) effective action for Yang-Mills theories provides a good approximation for the gluon propagator, as compared to that calculated by nonperturbative methods such as lattice field theory and Dyson-Schwinger equations. However, the study of higher correlation functions of the RGZ theory is still at its beginning. In this work we evaluate the ghost-gluon vertex function in Landau gauge at one-loop level, in d=4 space-time dimensions for the gauge groups SU(2) and SU(3). More precisely, we extend the analysis conducted in [1] for the soft-gluon limit to an arbitrary kinematic configuration. We introduce renormalization group effects by means of a toy model for the running coupling and investigate the impact of such a model in the ultraviolet tails of our results. We find that RGZ results match fairly closely those from lattice simulations, Schwinger-Dyson equations and the Curci-Ferrari model for three different kinematic configurations. This is compatible with RGZ being a feasible theory for the strong interaction in the infrared regime.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Energy-momentum tensor of the dilute
(3+1)D
glasma
Authors: Ipp Andreas , Leuthner Markus , Müller David I. , Schlichting Sören , Schmidt Kayran , Singh Pragya
Published: May 2024

We present a succinct formulation of the energy-momentum tensor of the glasma characterizing the initial color fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the color glass condensate effective theory. We derive concise expressions for the (3+1)D dynamical evolution of symmetric nuclear collisions in the weak field approximation employing a generalized McLerran-Venugopalan model with nontrivial longitudinal correlations. Utilizing Monte Carlo integration, we calculate in unprecedented detail non-trivial rapidity profiles of early time observables at RHIC and LHC energies, including transverse energy densities and eccentricities. For our setup with broken boost invariance, we carefully discuss the placement of the origin of the Milne frame and interpret the components of the energy-momentum tensor. We find longitudinal flow that deviates from standard Bjorken flow in the (3+1)D case and provide a geometric interpretation of this effect. Furthermore, we observe a universal shape in the flanks of the rapidity profiles regardless of collision energy and predict that limiting fragmentation should also hold at LHC energies.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Assisted baryon number violation in
4k+2
dimensions
Authors: Akshay A. , Arun Mathew Thomas
Published: May 2024

Proton decay in six-dimensions orbifolded on square T2/Z2 is highly suppressed at tree level. This is because baryon number violating (BNV) operators containing only the zero mode of bulk fermions must satisfy the selection rule 32ΔB±12ΔL=0 mod 4. In this article, we show that the above relation does not prohibit mass dimension-six BNV operators containing Kaluza-Klein partners of the bulk fermions. Together with a “spinless” adjoint scalar partner of hypercharge gauge boson (the dark matter candidate), these novel operators generate dark matter assisted proton decay at mass dimension eight. Here, with explicit examples of scalar and vector baryon number violating interactions, we discuss the importance of such ΔB=1=ΔL and ΔB=2=ΔL operators and derive the limit on new physics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Combining evolutionary strategies and novelty detection to go beyond the alignment limit of the
Z3
3HDM
Authors: Crispim Romão Jorge , Crispim Romão Miguel
Published: May 2024

We present a novel artificial intelligence approach for beyond the Standard Model parameter space scans by augmenting an evolutionary strategy with novelty detection. Our approach leverages the power of evolutionary strategies, previously shown to quickly converge to the valid regions of the parameter space, with a novelty reward to continue exploration once converged. Taking the Z3 3HDM as our physics case, we show how our methodology allows us to quickly explore highly constrained multidimensional parameter spaces, providing up to eight orders of magnitude higher sampling efficiency when compared with pure random sampling and up to four orders of magnitude when compared to random sampling around the alignment limit. In turn, this enables us to explore regions of the parameter space that have been hitherto overlooked, leading to the possibility of novel phenomenological realizations of the Z3 three Higgs doublet model that had not been considered before.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Bare mass effects on the reheating process after inflation
Authors: Clery Simon , Garcia Marcos A. G. , Mambrini Yann , Olive Keith A.
Published: May 2024

We consider the effects of a bare mass term for the inflaton, when the inflationary potential takes the form V(ϕ)=λϕk about its minimum with k≥4. We concentrate on k=4, but discuss general cases as well. Further, we assume λϕend2≫mϕ2, where ϕend is the inflaton field value when the inflationary expansion ends. We show that the presence of a mass term (which may be present due to radiative corrections or supersymmetry breaking) can significantly alter the reheating process, as the equation of state of the inflaton condensate changes from wϕ=13 to wϕ=0 when λϕ2 drops below mϕ2. We show that, for a mass mϕ≳3λ14TRH, the mass term will dominate at reheating. The value of λ is relatively model independent as it is normalized by the cosmic microwave background perturbation spectrum. For T models of inflation, this leads to mϕ≳TRH/250. We compute the effects on the reheating temperature for cases where reheating is due to inflaton decay (to fermions, scalars, or vectors) or to inflaton scattering (to scalars or vectors). For scattering to scalars and in the absence of a decay, there is always a residual inflaton background that acts as cold dark matter. In this case, we derive a strong upper limit to the inflaton bare mass which for T models is mϕ<350  MeV(TRH/1010  GeV)3/5. We also consider the effect of the bare mass term on the fragmentation of the inflaton condensate.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum transitions, detailed balance, black holes, and nothingness
Authors: Céspedes Sebastián , de Alwis Senarath , Muia Francesco , Quevedo Fernando
Published: May 2024

We consider vacuum transitions by bubble nucleation among 4D vacua with different values and signs of the cosmological constant Λ, including both up and down tunnelings. Following the Hamiltonian formalism, we explicitly compute the transition probabilities for all possible combinations of initial and final values of Λ and find that up tunneling is allowed starting not only from dS spacetime but also from AdS and Minkowski spacetimes. We trace the difference with the Euclidean approach, where these transitions are found to be forbidden, to the difference of treating the latter spacetimes as pure (vacuum) states rather than mixed states with correspondingly vanishing or infinite entropy. We point out that these transitions are best understood as limits of the corresponding transitions with black holes in the zero mass limit M→0. We find that detailed balance is satisfied provided we use the Hartle-Hawking sign of the wave function for nucleating spacetimes. In the formal limit Λ→−∞, the transition rates for anti–de Sitter (AdS) to dS agree with both the Hartle-Hawking and Vilenkin amplitudes for the creation of dS from nothing. This is consistent with a proposal of Brown and Dahlen to define “nothing” as AdS in this limit. For M≠0, the detailed balance is satisfied only in a range of mass values. We compute the bubble trajectory after nucleation and find that, contrary to the

M

=

0

case, the trajectory does not correspond to the open universe slicing of dS. We briefly discuss the relevance of our results to the string landscape.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Transverse-momentum-dependent wave functions of the pion from lattice QCD
Authors: Chu Min-Huan , He Jin-Chen , Hua Jun , Liang Jian , Ji Xiangdong , Schäfer Andreas , Shu Hai-Tao , Su Yushan , Wang Ji-Hao , Wang Wei , Yang Yi-Bo , Zeng Jun , Zhang Jian-Hui , Zhang Qi-An ,   Lattice Parton Collaboration
Published: May 2024

We present a lattice QCD calculation of the transverse-momentum-dependent wave function (TMDWF) of the pion using large-momentum effective theory. Numerical simulations are based on one ensemble with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks with lattice spacing a=0.121  fm from the MILC collaboration, and one with 2+1 flavor clover fermions and tree-level Symanzik gauge action generated by the CLS collaboration with a=0.098  fm. As a key ingredient, the soft function is first obtained by incorporating the one-loop perturbative contributions and a proper normalization. Based on this and the equal-time quasi-TMDWF simulated on the lattice, we extract the TMDWF. The results for both lattice ensembles are compatible and a comparison with a phenomenological parametrization is made. Our studies provide a first attempt of calculation of TMDWFs which will eventually lead to crucial theory inputs for making predictions for exclusive processes under QCD factorization.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Effect of Wave Dark Matter on Equal Mass Black Hole Mergers
Authors: Aurrekoetxea Josu C. , Clough Katy , Bamber Jamie , Ferreira Pedro G.
Published: May 2024

For dark matter to be detectable with gravitational waves from binary black holes, it must reach higher than average densities in their vicinity. In the case of light (wavelike) dark matter, the density of dark matter between the binary can be significantly enhanced by accretion from the surrounding environment. Here we show that the resulting dephasing effect on the last ten orbits of an equal mass binary is maximized when the Compton wavelength of the scalar particle is comparable to the orbital separation, 2π/μ∼d. The phenomenology of the effect is different from the channels that are usually discussed, where dynamical friction (along the orbital path) and radiation of energy and angular momentum drive the dephasing, and is rather dominated by the radial force (the spacetime curvature in the radial direction) towards the overdensity between the black holes. While our numerical studies limit us to scales of the same order, this effect may persist at larger separations and/or particle masses, playing a significant role in the merger history of binaries.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Chlorido(2-{(2-hydroxyethyl)[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]amino}ethanolato-κ5
N,O,O′,O′′,O′′′)copper(II)
Authors: Fortis-Valera Monserrat , Arroyo-Carmona Rosa Elena , Pérez-Benítez Aarón , Bernès Sylvain
Published: May 2024

The title complex, [Cu(C8H18NO5)Cl] or [Cu(H4bis-tris)Cl], was obtained starting from the previously reported [Cu(H5bis-tris)Cl]Cl compound. The deprotonation of the aminopolyol ligand H5bis-tris {[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]tris(hydroxymethyl)methane, C8H19NO5} promotes the formation of a very strong O—H...O intermolecular hydrogen bond, characterized by an H...O separation of 1.553 (19) Å and an O—H...O angle of 178 (4)°. The remaining hydroxy groups are also engaged in hydrogen bonds, forming R
2
2(8), R
4
4(16), R
4
4(20) and R
4
4(22) ring motifs, which stabilize the triperiodic supramolecular network.
Predictors of mentoring relationship quality in a college peer mentoring program: associations with mentors’ and mentees’ perceptions of family relationships
Authors: Erdem Gizem , Safi Ommay Aiman , Savaş Esma Betül
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Peer mentoring programs in higher education settings support incoming students in their transition and adaptation to college life. Mentoring program evaluation research primarily focuses on student outcomes and documents mentoring relationship quality (MRQ) as an important component of programs that facilitate change. The current study examines MRQ in a college peer mentoring program and explores its association with mentors’ and mentees’ perceptions of family relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample included 629 first-year students (Mage = 18.4 and 54.2% female) and 88 mentors (Mage = 20.6 and 65.9% female). Each mentor was matched with eight to 10 incoming students in the same department. Dyadic data were collected prior to the program (pre-test) and at the end of the fall semester (mid-program) and spring semester (post-test). At pre-test assessment, mentors and mentees rated their family relationships, perceived trust, loyalty, and fairness in their families. At follow-up assessments, mentees reported their MRQ, mentoring duration, and mentoring activities.

Findings

A multilevel modeling analysis revealed that mentees’ and mentors’ perceptions of loyalty in their families predicted higher levels of MRQ at the end of the program. However, mentors’ perceived trust in their families was negatively associated with MRQ.

Originality/value

This study adds to the youth mentoring literature by focusing on family-of-origin experiences of both mentors and mentees from a dyadic and relational perspective. These findings have implications for future research and the practice of formal mentoring programs in college settings.
Procurement-network contributions to healthcare supply chain resilience: a case study from Canada
Authors: Beaulieu Martin , Ruel Salomée , Dupouet Olivier
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This article investigates how the healthcare sector can reorganize its procurement network to better balance its resilience and cost-minimization objectives.

Design/methodology/approach

A single case study was conducted on the procurement of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave in the Quebec public healthcare network. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders from the supply chain management (SCM) departments at eight public healthcare institutions.

Findings

Two major challenges in the early months of the pandemic impacted the development of resilience in the healthcare network. First, peripheral actors’ decisions, which orient procurement objectives, limited the deployment of resilience measures in the supply chain (SC). Second, SC resilience included hundreds of products other than PPE that are critical to the delivery of care. The article illustrates the challenges of SCR, which will inevitably be accompanied by additional costs when purchasing in the public healthcare sector is often focused on the lowest price.

Originality/value

Drawing from the network perspective model, this article examines the actions of Quebec supply network stakeholders through the three phases of SCR: anticipation, response to disruption, and recovery. Finally, the article suggests that decision-makers remove the cost of resilience measures from the purchase price of products, in order to maintain these measures over the long term.
Diversity, equity and inclusion in the sport metaverse
Authors: Cunningham George B. , Ko Yong Jae
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI), sport and the metaverse.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors overview the metaverse, sport applications and ways multilevel theory can help explain the influence of DEI.

Findings

Drawing from multilevel theory, the authors identify parallels between the sport metaverse and traditional sport as well as unique DEI opportunities in the sport metaverse.

Originality/value

The manuscript contributes to the nascent body of research regarding sport and the metaverse, with a specific focus on social issues and the importance of considering unique DEI opportunities.
Developing a model for measuring performance of universities in fragile countries and its application in Somali universities
Authors: Mohamed Shafie Sharif , Islam Rafikul , Zainudin Dolhadi , Azam Md Siddique E
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The study addresses the critical need for a performance measurement model tailored to universities in fragile countries. It aims to identify and prioritise criteria and sub-criteria within the model, specifically designed to accommodate the unique challenges faced by the higher education institutions in fragile nations.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology, combining responses from respondents in four fragile countries: Somalia, Afghanistan, Sudan and Chad. The absolute measurement approach of AHP was employed for the final ranking of 15 Somali universities.

Findings

The study unveils a comprehensive performance measurement model customised for fragile countries. It identifies the necessary criteria and sub-criteria to assess university performance in such challenging contexts. The findings also reveal the significant performance disparities among 15 Somali universities, shedding light on areas for improvement.

Research limitations/implications

This study’s small sample of countries and response bias are its limitations. The study is limited to fragile countries and may not fully depict the complexity of issues experienced by all types of universities.

Practical implications

This research provides a practical guide for universities in fragile countries to enhance their performance in the face of unique challenges. The model offers a framework for fostering quality practices, improving education quality and enhancing overall performance. Decision-makers and educators can leverage this model to drive changes within their institutions.

Originality/value

This research pioneers a performance-measuring model for fragile countries, filling a long-standing gap in the literature. It provides novel insights into the challenges of judging university performance in demanding contexts and is useful for academics, policymakers and top management of institutions.
The roles of vocational interest and entrepreneurial event model in agropreneurship intention
Authors: Ambad Sylvia Nabila Azwa , Rafiki Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of Holland’s theory of career choice (RIASEC [realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising and conventional]) on the entrepreneurial event model (EEM) and the agropreneurial intention among university students.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is quantitative research, and 772 undergraduate students from public and private universities in Malaysia participated. The data were then analysed using SmartPLS 4.

Findings

The statistical analysis revealed that the realistic, artistic, enterprising and conventional in Holland’s theory of career choice (RIASEC) are antecedents of perceived desirability and feasibility, which has an indirect effect on agropreneurial intention. Additionally, all dimensions of EEM have a direct effect on agropreneurial intention.

Originality/value

Despite the importance of agriculture in providing food security and reducing poverty, especially in rural areas, there is very limited empirical research in this area. Notably, most of the research on the intention to become an entrepreneur is general entrepreneurship. This study, therefore, undertakes an interventionist role to investigate the factors influencing agropreneurial intention among youth.
What does trust have to do with it? Training consumers to detect digital imposter scams
Authors: DeLiema Marguerite , Robb Clifford A. , Wendel Stephen
Published: May 2024

Purpose

One of the insidious effects of government and business imposter scams is the potential erosion of trust among defrauded consumers. This study aims to assess the relationship between prior imposter scam victimization and present ability to discriminate between real and fake digital communications from government agencies and retail companies.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper tests whether a short, interactive training can help consumers correctly identify imposter scams without mistrusting legitimate communications. Participants were randomized into one of two control groups or to one of two training conditions: written tips on identifying digital imposter scams, or an interactive fraud detection training program. Participants were tested on their ability to correctly label emails, websites and letters as real or a scam.

Findings

This paper find that prior imposter scam victimization is not associated with greater mistrust. Compared to the control conditions, both written tips and interactive digital fraud detection training improved identification of real communications and scams; however, after a two- to three-week delay, the effect of training decreases for scam detection.

Originality/value

Results indicate that prior imposter scam victimization is not associated with mistrust, and that one-time fraud detection training improves consumers’ detection of imposter scams but has limited long-term effectiveness.
Is eco-innovation the virtue of CEO grandiosity? The moderating roles of CEO ancestor origins and CEO tenure
Authors: Khanchel Imen , Lassoued Naima , Khiari Cyrine
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the impact of CEO narcissism on eco-innovation. Moreover, we explore the moderating influence of CEO ancestor origins and CEO tenure on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a comprehensive dataset comprising 198 non-financial U.S. firms spanning the years 2010–2021, we apply OLS regression.

Findings

Our research findings are as follows: (1) CEO narcissism negatively affects eco-innovation. (2) CEO ancestor origins play a moderating role, with this effect being attenuated for CEOs with ancestral origins from highly sustainable backgrounds. (3) CEO tenure strengthens the relationship between CEO narcissism and eco-innovation. This study sheds light on the significance of CEO personality traits in influencing eco-innovation decision-making. The results offer valuable insights for stakeholders, boards of directors and investors.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, none of the studies on sustainable tools have examined the moderating effect of CEO demographics characteristics on the CEO personality traits –eco-innovation nexus, and this offers a great opportunity to make new contributions to the extant literature.