bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Inclusive Design and Multisensory Interactions Studies and Applications in Public Spaces.
Authors: Boucherit S , Berkouk D , Bouzir TAK , Masullo M , Maffei L
Published: December 2022

Inclusive design (ID) is one of the innovative strategies contributing to understanding public spaces designed for occupants' diversity and needs. This paper aims to provide an overview of the importance, procedure, and future scope for evaluating multisensory interactions while applying ID principles. Through this work, it is possible to move the knowledge forward to participate and fill the scientific gap related to the two concepts of multisensory perception and inclusive design in public spaces for all the people with special needs concentrating on visually impaired people. The focus of this paper is organized into three parts discussing both concepts: (1) a thorough review of the literature from 2002 to 2022; (2) a review of data collection and processing techniques; and (3) a review of the research studies motivations, implications, and its future scopes and applications.
The effect of using vegetated façades on CO2 emissions in multistory residential buildings, in cold semiarid and hot arid climate
Authors: Alothman R A T , Abdin A R , Mahmoud A H
Published: December 2022

CO2 emissions are known as carbon emissions and they are increasing globally, so measures must be taken to reduce their emissions and find solutions that mitigate the effects of high rates of emissions. CO2 emissions are currently increasing, and the construction sector is the largest source of these emissions, accounting for 39% of total emissions; therefore, CO2 emissions must be reduced as much as possible. The research aim is to study the effect of applying vegetated façades, in multistory residential buildings on the CO2 emissions under two different climates, cold semiarid and hot arid. The tool which is used is a DesignBuilder to evaluate the CO2 emissions. Thermal insulation contributes to reducing the carbon footprint of the building and consider as an additional layer applied to the bare wall façade as the same as the vegetation layer therefore in this research the comparison will be between the use of insulation materials and green façade with a bare wall façade of residential buildings to determine the effectiveness of using vegetated facades in reducing CO2 emissions. The study found that vegetated facades reduce CO2 emissions from 36.2 to 51.4 in cold semiarid climates and from 18% to 37.6% in hot arid climates.
Applications of Smart Material to Enhance Daylighting as a tool to Improve Sustainability of Atriums
Authors: omar Taher , Mohamed Sahar Morsi , Al-Nasr Ahmed Mohamed Seif
Published: December 2022

Applications for smart building materials include making them more environmentally friendly, better able to suit user needs, and less likely to cause environmental issues. This kind of material has been suggested recently, following great scientific advancements and novel sustainable architecture techniques, as smart materials that allow controlled transmission of light and heat into the building and remove some of the traditional limitations in window application, smart material technologies are key feature competitiveness of the twenty-first century. Modern construction materials are capable of achieving great levels of utility, “Smart materials” will play a crucial role in building technology development; These materials that are part of an intelligent structural system, have the ability to sense its environment, so smart materials can function like living systems, An important element of an architectural design strategy that is environmentally sustainable is the use of daylight as part of an integrated, controlled lighting strategy. For well-designed structures, the atrium could be a significant source of daylight. It also offers other environmental advantages such as solar energy gain, reduced energy loss, and natural ventilation. The major elements of the atrium for the daylight design are a system of skylights and windows to provide daylight levels in the spaces adjacent to the atrium.
Reshaping social housing spaces as vibrant places Case study: Msaken el Magzar, Mansoura, Egypt
Authors: Helal H Y , Elmanzlawi A A , Sheta S A
Published: December 2022

Developing a relationship to shape the integration of placemaking practices in social housing spaces is the main issue of this paper; where social housing is meant to be based on fulfilling the human needs of people in their places, while placemaking represents the suitable diverse, variable, and multi-scaled approach to root the social housing patterns in the urban context.

This paper aims to extract a draft code to measure the applicability of placemaking characteristics of great places in social housing spaces to reach reasonable criteria for successful social housing places and to investigate the ability of these criteria to apply a new layer of socio-urban studies that deepen the relationship between man and urbanism yet enhances their impact on the environment. Through following qualitative and quantitative methods to deduct a formula to shape the relationship between social housing and placemaking, analyzing human needs theories to deduct social housing dimensions, integrating placemaking principles, and qualities to draft a code for social housing great places, and investigating the application of this code on the case of Msaken El Magzar in Mansoura, Egypt.

Based on this, the research concludes with a proposed draft code of 3 levels 1) basic measurements of social housing dimensions and placemaking characteristics, 2) secondary requirements, and finally 3) standard indicators. The research suggests that this draft code should be investigated and activated through a set of questions to experts, shareholders, stakeholders, and, parties involved in the process of establishing and remaking successful places of social housing spaces.
Setting time of coconut fiber ash-based geopolymer binder
Authors: Widnyana I N S , Salain I M A K , Sutarja I N , Widiarsa I B R
Published: December 2022

This watchfulness goal is to decide the beginning and ending binding of geopolymer binders using coconut fiber ash (CFA). Experiments were carried out by comparing the effects of ratio precursors and base activators on geopolymer binders. The precursor material is derived from CFA, which consists of 8.24% silicon dioxide, 2.3% diphosphate pentaoxide, 70.6% potassium oxide, 2.25% iron dioxide, and 14.1% chlorine. Using two types of alkaline activators, namely NaOH (SH) with a molar concentration of 14M and Na2SiO3 (SS), which is used as a solution in the manufacturing process. A comparison of the precursor and alkaline activator mixtures with three variations, namely 70%:30%, 75%:25%, and 80%:20%, with SS/SH 1:1, 1.5, and 2:1 ratio by weight. The specimens are cast in a vicat ring with the top and bottom diameters ∅60mm and ∅70mm, as well as a height of 40mm. The setting time test standard used is SNI 2049:2015. The results showed that the beginning and ending binding times of the geopolymer binder got shorter as the P/A and SS/SH got higher, with times 5%–20% decreased on average.
The Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymer Modified Hot and Warm Mix Asphalt
Authors: Daniel C.G. , Widjajakusuma J. , Otto I. , Saputan C.
Published: December 2022

The application of polymer in an asphalt concrete (AC) mixture has reached wide popularity lately to deal with the increasing demand for higher quality roads with heavier traffic loading. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), classified as a thermoplastic, is currently one of the most popular polymers employed. This research attempts to evaluate the effect of adding EVA by means of the dry method, namely by pouring the additive directly into the mixture, which produces both hot and warm Polymer-Modified Asphalt Concrete (PMAC) mix. FTIR result indicates the polymer as a thermoplastic material. Moreover, the volumetric and mechanical properties of the mixture were examined through the density and semi-circular bending (SCB) tests. The outcomes show that the inclusion of the polymer could slightly modify the density and VMA of the AC mix. Meanwhile, the tensile strength, fracture energy, crack resistance index (CRI), and flexibility index (FI) results describe substantial enhancement brought by the polymer, with a generally increasing trend up 200% of the control mix. Conclusively, the application of polymer could enhance the physical and mechanical properties of hot and warm AC mixes with the optimum dosages of 5 and 6%. Additionally, the properties of warm PMA are somewhat comparable to the regular hot AC mix.
Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Externally Bonded Hybrid FRP Sheets
Authors: Limbongan J S , Djamaluddin R , Irmawaty R , Jasman
Published: December 2022

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is commonly used in structural repair and strengthening due to its high tensile strength, non-corrosive and lightweight. On the other side FRP is relatively brittle compared to steel. This study used hybrid FRP consisting of GFRP and CFRP, by combining two type of FRP with different characteristic it is to be expected that the more brittle FRP will fail first followed by the more elastic one, therefore creating a sequential failure. However CFRP have a higher tensile strength in comparison to GFRP, therefore it’s necessary to reduce its tensile strength by reducing its volume. This study is divided into two topics, hybrid FRP tensile strength test and beam flexural test. For the hybrid FRP tensile strength test, a total of three variation of hybrid FRP will be compared (GC30, GC40, and GC50). The variation that shown a sequential failure behaviour, will then be applied to a reinforced concrete beam and tested under monotonic point load device. The test result shown that sequential failure occur on GC30 and GC40. However GC40 had a higher ultimate load at 24.86 kN. For the beam flexural test, there will be two variation, i.e. control beam (CB) and beam strengthened with hybrid FRP (BGC). When compared, BGC had a 40.0% increase in yield strength and 55.43% increase for ultimate load.
Study of Mineralogy and Engineering Properties of Volcanic Rock at the Base of the Pamukkulu DAM Foundation, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Pachri Hendra , Husain Ratna , Tonggiroh Adi , Ichwanto Muhammad , Samanta Regina Glori
Published: December 2022

At the location of the Pamukkulu dam, it has engineering geological characteristics that are less supportive of the construction above it, especially for the foundation of the dam. By taking data directly in the field and by laboratory testing, information is needed regarding the characterization of mineralogy and the engineering properties of rocks. Mineralogical analysis was performed with petrography and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) while the engineering properties of the rock were performed with Plate Bearing Tests (PBT), Standard Penetration Tests (SPT), and Rock Mass Rating (RMR). Based on mineralogical data, rocks have undergone weathering and converted the chemical-physical properties of minerals into porous, fine-grained minerals, forming mineral oxides as well as clay minerals. The carrying capacity of surface soils in the dam area based on the plate bearing test is relatively poor. As for subsurface rocks, the weight of the rock mass rating belongs to the class (II) Good to (III) Medium. Meanwhile, from the density value of hard soils, there are different depths from a depth of 1 meter to 6 meters. Weathering conditions of rocks affect the engineering value of soils and rocks where due to weathering minerals formed in the form of porous clay minerals, they are not well consolidated.
Marshall Tests For Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course Asb Lawele Containing Capsule Calsium Alginate as Self-Healing Additive
Authors: Prasetia M.S. , Djakfar Ludfi , Wisnumurti  , Sabarudin Akhmad
Published: December 2022

Self-healing on pavement is solution to reduce the handling of road damage without doing heavy construction. Calcium Alginate capsules are mixed in AC-WC (Asphalt Concrete Waring Coarse) Asb Lawele as an added ingredient to healing from cracks. Marshall Test specification is reference to assess the pavement can use pavement Asphalt Concrete. Optimum Asphalt Content of 6.2% is used to make AC-WC Modification Mix Asb Lawele with Calcium Alginate. AC-WC Asb Lawele contains 2% Asphalt from Buton Island and 4.2% Asphalt Pen.60/70. The percentage of Additive Addition of Calcium Alginate Capsules ranging from 1% to 2% of the combined weight with a different oil/water composition of each calcium alginate capsule. There is similarity of IR spectrum between asphalt binder and Calcium Alginate capsules, allowing strong bonding if reviewed from Nitrogen group. However, with the addition of calcium alginate capsules showed a decrease in Marshall Stability but still within the limits of fairness, it was proven that the higher the percentage of additive capsules the lower the marshall stability, but didn’t have a significant effect on flow, while the VMA and VIM continued to increase as the percentage of Additives increased so that VIM out of the specifications on AC-WC Asb Lawele.
The Effect of Bamboo Water Content on The Tensile Strength of Bamboo
Authors: Amiruddin A A , Parung H , Sibela N , Fajar M N , Arifin H
Published: December 2022

In today’s world of construction, many use steel as reinforcement for reinforced concrete, where steel is one of the most widely produced materials to meet infrastructure needs. The use of steel is so rapid but has several drawbacks such as a less economical price and not environmentally friendly. In addition, the characteristics of bamboo plant materials that can be an alternative, where bamboo has a fiber that is good enough to withstand the same tensile strength as steel reinforcement that works in concrete construction. However, some things that must be considered are the air content which is quite influential on the tensile strength. This research focuses on the effect of water content in bamboo on the tensile strength of bamboo itself. The bamboo material used is Buluhpring bamboo from the Gowa Region, the bamboo is dried and tested for its characteristics. From the results of the water content test, the average water content was 34.44% on the bottom of bamboo, 25.89% on the middle bamboo and 14.89% on the upper bamboo where the Upper segment of bamboo have met ISO 22157 standards. -01-2004. The bamboo material was also tested for tensile strength of 277.54 Mpa at the bottom, 308.51 Mpa at the middle and 357.10 Mpa at the top. From the test results, it can be seen that the relationship between the water content of bamboo and the tensile strength of bamboo is that the smaller the water content contained in the bamboo, the higher the tensile strength of the bamboo material accepted by bamboo.
Selected Mechanical and Physical Properties Concrete with Polypropylene Plastic Granule Aggregate
Authors: Sofyan M , Parung H , Tjaronge M W , Amiruddin AA
Published: December 2022

Amount of plastic use contribute significantly to the accumulation of plastic waste. The use of plastic waste in concrete is one of the world’s partial solutions for dealing with plastic waste. Polypropylene plastic granules are used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in this study. The purpose of this research is to examine the physical and mechanical properties of the chosen base concrete while considering the potential of polypropylene plastic granules as a sand substitute in the concrete mixture. Variables to be investigated incorporate compressive strength, split tensile strength, workability, and density. The results of this study show that using polypropylene plastic granules as a substitute for fine aggregate at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% rates slump values of 8.1 cm, 8.4 cm, 8.6 cm, and 8.8 cm, respectively. However, it does not perform well in terms of compressive strength or split tensile strength. The strength reduction achieved by using 40% PP plastic granule can reach 58.06 percent.
Compressive strength and microstructure of Self Compacting Concrete with nylon fiber substitution
Authors: Nurazuwa MN , Munadrah  , Irmawaty R , Muhiddin A B
Published: December 2022

Concrete is the most widely used construction material as building material because it has advantages such as easy workability, high compressive strength, and economical in terms of manufacturing and maintenance. However, there are some disadvantages obtained from the use of concrete, such as low tensile strength, easy cracking, and brittleness. Therefore, it is necessary to add fiber to the concrete to increase the ductility and use of SCC concrete to maintain workability after fiber substitution. The variation in the addition of nylon fiber is 0.5% and 1% to the weight of cement with a diameter of 0.35 mm and 0.65 mm, a length of 15 mm, and 20 mm. With the addition of 1% of 0.65 mm diameter and 15 mm length, the compressive strength of SCC concrete increased by 126%. The nylon fiber was also found to be evenly distributed in the concrete mixture and did not experience clumping and the volume weight of the concrete was reduced by 5-7% of the normal concrete. The SEM results show a clear interface between concrete and nylon fiber, and the slippery morphology of nylon fiber causes the bonding with concrete to become weak.
Improvement of Peat Soil Settlement Parameter Using Soybean Crude Urease Calcite Precipitation (SCU-CP) Method
Authors: Augusti M Yuza , Putra H , Yudhistira I
Published: December 2022

The characteristics of peat soil with high organic and moisture content, also high compressibility can cause structural failure due to excessive settlement. Improvement of peat soil settlement parameters can be conducted using calcite precipitation method with soybean as bio-catalyst, namely Soybean Crude Urease-Calcite Precipitation (SCU-CP). SCU-CP is one of the grouting methods to improve soil consistency so that the bearing capacity of the soil increases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the increase in the parameters of the settlement parameter (R90) and the time at 90% degree of compression (t90). This study was conducted using a density of 90% Proctor standard compaction and the variation of untreated and treated samples. The optimum combination SCU-CP solution was used in the treated samples with a concentration of reagents (Urea and CaCl2) of 1 mol/L and soybean concentration of 20 g/L. The results proved that using the optimum combination of SCU-CP method, it could significantly improved soil settlement parameter of R90 and t90. The R90 values for untreated samples (UT) at each pressure of 2.0 kg/cm2, 4.0 kg/cm2, and 8.0 kg/cm2 obtained 39 mm, 86.7 mm, and 162 mm respectively. The improvement on R90 values of treated samples (TE) obtained 16.4 mm, 28.1 mm, and 57.5 mm respectively after being treated with the SCU-CP method. In the treated samples (TE) the t90 value is lower than untreated samples which indicates that the time to reach 90% consolidation is getting faster.
Geographic Information System (GIS-T) database design for transportation safety system (case study: spatial database for road transportation system in Indonesia)
Authors: Istiyanto Bambang , Unzilatirrizqi D Yan El Rizal , Dewantoro Mouli De Rizka , Ahmad Rahmat
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to develop a spatial database design on transportation safety system. Spatial databases is a fundamental factor that is very important in the utilization of GIS for transportation, so it is important that a good preparation of spatial databases. Preparation of spatial database will be effective if tailored to the needs. Factors affecting transportation safety is different from one region to another. Factors that affect transportation safety system in an area can be influenced by the transportation system infrastructure in the area. Database design for transportation safety in this study is expected to be a model of the spatial database according to the highway transportation system in a small town in Indonesia. Characteristics of the transport system in Indonesia was largely dominated by private vehicles and less of public transport. Spatial analysis has the advantage to combine data and analyze various factors based on spatial location. Spatial data that can be used to support the analysis include the basic data, thematic data path, data that can be supporting the highway transportation system. Spatial data and GIS - T can be used as an analysis tool and alternative approach to improve road transport safety.
Early Age of Volume Weight, Indirect Tensile Strength and Tensile Elastic Modulus of Foam Concrete Containing Blended Cement
Authors: Mansyur  , Tjaronge M W , Irmawaty R , Amiruddin A A
Published: December 2022

Portland composite cement is a type of blended cement produced by the Indonesian cement factories where fly ash as one of the ingredient and the production is based on efforts to reduce CO2 emissions in the cement production process. This research is part of the sustainability infrastructure development which is carried out through the use of Portland composite cement as a cementitious material in the manufacture of foam concrete. The purpose of this paper was to contribute to the understanding of the early age volume weight, indirect tensile strength and tensile elastic modulus of the hardened foam concrete. In this study, two mix designs of foam to mortar ratio of 32.53%: 67.47% and 55.41%: 44.59%, by volume were used to produce foam concrete. The test results showed a good compatibility of Portland composite cement-superplasticizer based mortar in combination with foam can be achieved to determine the foam concrete slurry stability and can thus form hardened foam concrete. By using foam to mortar ratio of 32.53%: 67.47%, volume weight, indirect tensile strength and tensile elastic modulus achieved were 1508.3 kg/m3, 0.83 MPa and 207.5 MPa at three days, and 1476.9 kg/m3, 0.89 MPa and 254.3 MPa at 7 days, respectively. Tensile strength of foam concrete with foam content of 55.41%: 44.59% at 3 days and 7 days were 0.37 MPa and 0.46 MPa, respectively. The foam to mortar rasio of 55.41%: 44.59% produced foam concrete with tensile elastic modulus of 137 MPa and 200 MPa, at 3 days and 7 days respectively.
IDSL for Tsunami Early Warning System in Indonesia
Authors: Husrin S , Annunziato A , Prasetya G S , Hidayat R
Published: December 2022

The Inexpensive Device for Sea Level measurement (IDSL) has been implemented for tsunami monitoring and early warning in the Mediterranean regions. Following the events of 2018 Palu and the Sunda Strait Tsunami, The MMAF, JRC-EC, IATsI, and BMKG worked together and installed eight (8) units of IDSL in Indonesia starting from January 2019. This paper discusses the concept of IDSL, the installation and the operation in the last 18 months and its potential use as tsunami early warning system in Indonesia. We concluded that IDSL and other similar systems could strengthen the existing TEWS in Indonesia considering its reliability in delivering the alerts in real-time with the characteristics of short distance tsunami and the presence of small islands, low costs in installation and maintenance that may guarantee the sustainability of the system.
The Strength of Reinforced Concrete Slabs of 30% Candlenut Shell Variation Using Destructive Testing Methods
Authors: Nasruddin  , Mushar P.
Published: December 2022

The compressive strength of concrete is one of the parameters used to control the quality of concrete. Concrete compressive strength testing method which is considered the highest level of reliability is a destructive testing method using a compression testing equipment. Based on the case, a testing tool is needed to measure or determine the compressive strength of concrete known as the Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Experimental research is conducted with a scientific approach using several of variables. The purpose of this research is to get the compressive strength value of concrete slabs variation of 30% candlenut shells. From the test results using a UTM so that it can be obtained the quality of reinforced concrete. The research variable are the 28 days age of concrete and the curing methods (wet curing and dry curing). The number of specimens of reinforced concrete slabs is 4 pieces measuring 50cm x 25cm x 12cm. The results of the study are the compressive strength of concrete slabs 30% variation of candlenut shells using UTM shows that the strength of reinforced concrete slabs reaches 75 MPa in wet curing and 59 MPa in dry curing or equivalent to the quality of K400 to K500 concrete at 28 days. The results also show the compressive strength of concrete in wet curing is higher than in dry curing.
Preference of Urban Commuters on Implementation of Rail-based Public Transportation Plan in Mamminasata Area
Authors: Sabil M I , Ramli M I , Adisasmita S A
Published: December 2022

The density of population and the increasing needs of Makassar city will affect the movement of society to fulfill their necessary. Public acceptance on rail transportation is one of the important keys in implementing sustainable transportation policies in the Mamminasata area. The aim of this study is to evaluate public acceptance regarding the planned public transportation. The survey in this study used the methods of questionnaire and interview that included the South Sulawesi Provincial Office with a total of 1002 civil servants who were also the users of commuters, then the data analysis was carried out by conduct the research about characteristics of the respondent’s acceptance on rail-based transportation. The method of data collection was conducted with respondent chooses their perspective and their acceptance with likert scale. The results of this study show the perception of acceptance is the main factor that affect the policy of implementing rail-based public transportation in the Mamminasata area.
Risk management in the regency road improvement projects in Buleleng regency
Authors: Dewi A A D P , Sudarsana D K , Mulyaputra I G B W
Published: December 2022

The largest district in Bali Province is Buleleng Regency with an area of approximately 24.25 percent of the total area of Bali Province. To facilitate the activities of the Buleleng community in all fields, adequate road construction is needed. The Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Buleleng Regency carries out a road improvement project every year to improve road conditions from an unstable condition to a stable condition. The implementation of road improvement projects can cause various risks so it is necessary to conduct research for risk management with the stages of identifying risks, formulating dominant risks, formulating risk mitigation actions, determining risk ownership and analyzing the impact of dominant risks on potential cost and time losses in district road improvement projects in Buleleng Regency. The research method was carried out by compiling and distributing questionnaires, brainstorming, and focus group discussions. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling method, namely the respondent determination method with the consideration that the respondent had the competence and experience in the district road improvement project in Buleleng Regency. The number of risks identified in this study were 40 risks with 31 (77.50%) risk being the dominant risk. The results of the formulation of mitigation actions against the dominant risk obtained 47 mitigation actions. Ownership of the most dominant risk (28 dominant risks) is the responsibility of the contractor. The risk with the dominant category is for example poor material quality that affects the quality of work with mitigation measures, namely ensuring that the material sent by the supplier matches the sample material that meets the required specifications with the risk ownership being the contractor. The impact of the dominant risk on the potential cost increase is IDR. 707.569.114,60 and the potential for additional time is 11 days.
Behavior of Building Structure Subject to Tsunami Load
Authors: Pringgana Gede , Budiwati Ida Ayu Made , Yustinaputri Putu Ayu Ratih
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze of the structural behavior of two-story building under the combination of earthquake forces and tsunami hydrodynamic forces, with model variations included the percentage of wall’s opening and thickness. The 3-D modeling of two-story buildings were conducted in this study using software SAP 2000; the first model consisted of wall panels with the percentage of openings of 0% (PD0), 25% (PD25), 35% (PD35), and 50% (PD50), while the second model included buildings with 150 mm and 250 mm wall thickness. In addition, the hydrodynamic force predicted by numerical simulations based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) was compared to that of predicted by semi-empirical design equations. The results of the wall panel modeling show that the greater the percentage of wall’s opening, the smaller the hydrodynamic load that can be carried out by the structure and hence, the lesser the stresses on the wall. The increase of building’s wall thickness from 150 mm to 250 mm under the combination of earthquake and tsunami loads decreased the stress on walls, moments and transverse forces. Conversely, the tensile and shear stresses on the walls were increased due to the combination of tsunami loads. The comparison of hydrodynamic force shows that the maximum force predicted by SPH was generally higher to that of predicted by the semi-empirical design equations.
Domestic Wastewater Treatment with Multi Soil Layering Method with Variations of Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLT) And Organic Materials at Anaerobic Conditions
Authors: Zubair A , Ibrahim R , Mangarengi N A P , Yuswanda T D B , Abdullah N O
Published: December 2022

Domestic wastewater is the largest producer of wastewater in Indonesia which comes from the remnants of household activities. Hazardous substances such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Oil and Fat contained in wastewater can cause health problems for humans. In this study, domestic waste treatment was carried out using the Multi Soil Layering (MSL) method. The MSL system is a wastewater treatment method that utilizes the ability of soil as the main medium and several other media such as zeolite, gravel, charcoal, and sawdust which are formed in a multilevel brick pattern. The independent variables are the variation of soil mixture with sawdust (M1) and soil mixture with charcoal (M2) and also variations of Hydraulic Loading Rate namely HLR 500 L/m2.day (H1), 750 L/m2.day (H2), 1000 L/m2.day (H3). The characteristics of domestic wastewater include pH 6, BOD 236 mg/L, COD 514 mg/L, TSS 114 mg/L, Oil and Fat 8200 mg/L. The results showed that the best variation in the removal of pollutant levels was a mixture of soil with charcoal (M2) and HLR 500 L/m2.day (H1), with the average efficiency in reducing BOD, COD, TSS, Oil & Fat levels, respectively. 86.39%, 78.29%, 86.56% and 79.60%.
The Compressive Strengh Of Cohesive Soil Stabilized With Microbial Induced Cementation
Authors: Alkadri  , Djamaluddin AR , Harianto T , Arsyad A
Published: December 2022

This research aims to evaluate the physical and mechanical characteristics of soil stablized with microbial induced cementation method. The variation of microbial induced by 4%, 6%, and 8%, while the age variations of bacterial culture of 2, 4, and, 6 days and a curing period of 3,7,14 and 28 days. The properties of the soil studied in this research are as optimum moisture content of 32.19%, dry volume weight (γd) 1.36 gr/cm3, soil density 2.63 gr/cm3, atterberg limit test liquid limit 46.89% plastic limit 31 ,94%, plasticity index 14.96% and shrinkage limit 7.49%. The compressive strength of the soil which was stabilized with 6% solution of Bacillus subtilis bacteria for 4 days found to be optimum 19.96 kg/cm2 at 28 days or an increase of 6 times from the soil was not stabilized with microbial induced 3.02 kg/cm2
Strength Behaviour of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Treated Sewage Sludge-Soil Mixture
Authors: Kartika S , Asiyanthi L A , Irwan R R , Hidayat A
Published: December 2022

Laboratory tests were conducted on sugarcane bagasse ash treated sewage sludge-soil mixture with 5%, 10% and 30% bagasse ash to assess its strength behaviour. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was performed to observed influence of bagasse ash content (BAC), curing time, water content on value of UCS and axial strain. Soil sample were prepared using standard proctor at 60% of optimum water content. Results recorded value of UCS reached peaked at 20% BAC and then dropped by 46% at 30% BAC. Axial strain increased for every additional BAC. Result shown curing period influence UCS, as curing time longer the value of UCS also rose. Other findings of this study were BAC affected maximum dry density (MDD), 5% BAC and 10% BAC improved MDD but 20% BAC and 30% BAC would reduce value UCS. Finally, it could be concluded 20% BAC was the optimum content to get the optimal UCS improvement of sewage sludge-soil.
Identification of Green Lane in its ability to absorb emissions on Main Arterial Street in Makassar City
Authors: Harusi N M R , Aly S H , Mitani Y , Junaid M
Published: December 2022

This study aims to know the number and variation of plant species and to analyze the potential for CO2 absorption from each type of plant in the green lane. The focused green lane is located on the main arterial road with length of 4.2 km, St. Urip Sumoharjo which is known as the longest and most congested road in Makassar City. This study was carried out by surveying and observation the tree species on the road and used image processing to validate the suspect of tree species through App. Meanwhile, the calculation of CO2 absorption is analyzed using the per plant species method by multiplying between the number of existing trees with the absorption capacity per plant species. As a result of the inventory, it was found that there were thirty-eight (38) tree species with a total of 2,587 trees. The dominant tree species were Bougainvillea glabra with 693 trees (26.8%), and Tabebuia chrysantha with 339 trees (13.1%) located in the median side. With the total trees, it has the capacity to absorb CO2 of about 2,478,996 gr/hour. Additionally, Segment 5 and 6 have a highest CO2 absorption with 1,278,274 gr/hour and 786,879 gr/hour respectively. It was caused by having the dominant typical plant species which are capable of absorbing the highest CO2 concentration, such as Bougainvillea glabra and Samanea saman at 1,643.83 gr/hour.plant and 3,252.1 gr/hour.plant.
CBR laboratory investigation on Lightweight Modular Block (LMB) using recycled dredged soil mixed with EPS
Authors: Marfu’ah N , Harianto T , Muhiddin A B , Irmawaty R
Published: December 2022

Changing material into a lightweight geomaterial such as EPSCS is one of the considerable methods to improve the geotechnical performance in the field. This material is already used in numerous construction projects due to its light characteristics. Lightweight Modular Block or LMB is a type of EPSCS composed of dredged Soil, cement, and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS). The amount of cement composition are 3%, 5%,7% and 9%. Meanwhile, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) are 0.5% and 0.75%. This paper aims to briefly explain the performance of LMB as road foundation materials, such as subbase and base, through CBR laboratory tests. Based on the data, adding EPS can reduce density by 18% - 29% depending on the chosen mixture. Whereas adding more cement tends to increase the CBR value. All the test results will be analyzed and compared to SNI 03-3438-1994 for its qualification as a road foundation layer.
Shear Strength Behaviour of Sedimentary Soil Stabilized by Fly Ash
Authors: Nur S.H , Nofriana
Published: December 2022

Sedimentary soil is made up of deposits that are the consequence of the weathering of rocks that have already been deposited elsewhere by various natural processes, including water, wind, and others. A location with sedimentary soil is the Bili-bili Dam in the South Sulawesi Province's Gowa Regency. Sedimentary soil at this location is quite abundant and has not been used in general, so it can be investigated for its use, namely stability against the influence of external forces on the carrying capacity of the sedimentary soil. Stabilizing the soil is one approach to boost its bearing capacity, particularly for sedimentary soil. The original soil is categorized as group A-4, or silty soil, according to the AASHTO classification system and as ML, or silt with low plasticity, according to the USCS classification system, based on the findings of physical characteristics testing. It has been demonstrated that the soil's cohesiveness and shear angle increase with the addition of fly ash. It has been demonstrated that adding fly ash stabilizing material to the sedimentary soil of the Bili-bili Dam and allowing it to cure increased the cohesion value from the initial soil cohesion value of 0.72 kg/cm2 to 1.70 kg/cm2 after 28 days. With a 20% fly ash mixture and a curing period of 28 days, the shear angle value increased from the initial soil shear angle value of 22 to 31; this is a 40% increase in the shear angle value.
Evaluation of Unconfined Compression Strength Value of Expansive Soil Stabilized Fly Ash
Authors: Nur S.H , Djamaluddin R , Nurafifa. Y S
Published: December 2022

Expansive soils are referred to as swelling soils as a result of changes or modifications in the water content in the soil. This study aims to determine how the addition of fly ash affects the value of the expansive soil's free compressive strength as well as how the curing period affects the value of the expansive soil's free compressive strength that has been stabilized with fly ash. Variations of the addition of fly ash were made by 5%, 10%, 20%, and 25% with curing times of 0 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days to see how adding fly ash affected the Free Compressive Strength Value. The value of the Free Compressive Strength increases as fly ash addition is increased in percentage and curing time is extended. The variation of the addition of 10% fly ash with a curing period of 28 days of 31,622 kg/cm2 and 25% with a curing period of 0 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days produced the best compressive strength value. The value of the Free Compressive Strength increases as fly ash addition is increased in percentage and curing time is extended. The variation of the addition of 10% fly ash with a curing period of 28 days of 31,622 kg/cm2 and 25% with a curing period of 0 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days produced the best compressive strength value. The value of the Free Compressive Strength increases as fly ash addition is increased in percentage and curing time is extended. The variant of 10% fly ash addition with a 28-day curing period produced the maximum compressive strength value of 31,622 kg/cm2.
The Effectiveness of Tidal Power Plant Model
Authors: Rusvan A A , Maricar F , Thaha M A , Paotonan C
Published: December 2022

Since tidal energy is renewable and the Indonesian archipelago has a beach length of roughly 80,000 km, the country has a very large potential for tidal energy. The possibility for utilizing tidal energy is highly open because there are several places in Indonesia where the high tide and low tide are quite different from one another. When calculating the quantity of tidal energy based on the greatest and lowest sea level readings, tides are a crucial factor. The moon and sun’s gravitational pull are what bring about the tides. The structural characteristics of pristine beaches, coastal waterways, such as bays and narrow straits, and the depth near the shore are additional local elements that affect.. The results of this study use the assumption that the tidal height difference that occurs is 5 m for 1 tidal cycle (12 hours) or with a single daily tidal type model (Diurnal Tide) or in one day there is one high tide and one low tide accompanied by Reservoir length 150 m with a reservoir width variation of 60 m produces a maximum discharge of 12.50 m3/s with a maximum energy potential of 439.92 kWh, a variation in the width of a pool of 80 m produces a maximum discharge of 16.67 m3/s with a maximum energy potential of 586.56 kWh and a variation of the width of the reservoir 100m produces a maximum discharge. 20.83 m3/s with a maximum energy potential of 733.20 kWh. The results above make it abundantly evident that the potential energy produced increases with the size of the pond formed, the magnitude of the tidal height difference that occurs, and the duration of the production processes. In order to maximize tidal energy as a potential alternative energy source, it may therefore be inferred that tidal energy consumption can be used as a reference in future development planning. This article is a part of ongoing research on single-pond dual cycle systems for tidal energy empowerment.
Numerical Modelling of Shoreline changes of Galesong, Takalar’s coast
Authors: Karamma R , Hatta M P , Mustari AS , Manda SP , Ilda A. , Ihsan M
Published: December 2022

Morphological changes of Talakar’s coastline covering three administrative subdistrict has been modelled numerically in terms of sedimentation build up. Shoreline changes is one of the dynamic processes as parts of natural processes for coastline to reach their subsequent equilibrium resulting in bathimetrical alteration of coastal bed. Sedimentation modeling simulation has been conducted for the coastlines of North Galesong, Galesong, and South Galesong subdistricts. As the location is physically affected by the oceanoghrapic dynamics of Makassar Strait, Flores Sea as well as the river hydraulics of Jeneberang and Pappa rivers’ estuaries. Shoreline accretion and abbrasion are distincted by data analysis. Sedimentation model shows shallowing process (pendangkalan) of 0.0136m to 0.05977m with 0.000006 m/day to 0.013 m/day growth near shorelines of North Galesong, 0.025202m to 0.1194 deepening and 0.02526m to 0.16736m shallowing with 0,0013 m/day to 0,013 m/day growth near shorelines of Galesong, and 0.014148 m to 0.11948 deepening and 0.01351 m - 0.16736 shallowing with 0.01m/day to 0.026 m/day growth near shorelines of South Galesong.
The strategy of Tukad Badung pollution control using QUAL2Kw and AHP
Authors: Ciawi Y , Padilla P M D , Yekti M I
Published: December 2022

Tukad Badung is the major river flowing through Denpasar, the capital city of Bali Province, Indonesia. It is polluted by domestic dan industrial waste which is contributed by surrounding communities such as hotels, shopping area, animal husbandry, printing industries, tofu and tempeh industries industry, and housing area. This research aims to analyse the quality of the water and determine the best among options provided to overcome the pollution problem conducted by using two analytical programs, i.e. QUAL2Kw and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). According to the results of QUAL2Kw analysis, several parameters of water quality of Badung River did not meet the Indonesian standards of water quality stated in Regulation Number 82 the Year 2001 about Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control. The TSS reached 111.02 kg/day, the BOD reached 92.24 kg/day, and the COD reached 440.92 kg/day. Whereas the pollution load capacity is only 15.43 kg/day for TSS, 19.68 kg/day for BOD, and 7.45 kg/day for COD. This problem occurred was due to the home industries activities in the upstream part of the Badung River. The result of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) shows that “improving monitoring and supervision of waste disposal” has the highest composite weight value of 0.317. Among a series of solutions offered, this result suggests that the local government should take actions to impose the regulations on wastewater disposal to the river stream by surrounding communities especially the small and middle-size enterprises.
Engineering and Traffic Management Study for the Operation of the Makassar Elevated Toll Road
Authors: Kuku A I , Ramli M I , Rauf S
Published: December 2022

The development of the area, especially the city of Makassar, has a significant impact on traffic activities which causes traffic problems. For this reason, this study aims to see how much influence the operation of the Makassar elevated toll road has on the surrounding traffic, especially at the intersection of Jln. A.P. Pettarani - Jln. Boulevard and Jln A.P. Pettarani - Jln. Let. Jend. Hertasning. The data required in this study include surveys of traffic volume, vehicle speed, queue length, and geometric road data conducted on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays, with survey periods starting at 07.00 – 09.00, 12.00 – 14.00, and 16.00 – 18.00. Engineering studies in the form of traffic simulations using vision software. From the results of traffic simulations on Wednesday, there were three intersections with the most significant queue length occurring at 16.00-18.00, namely the Boulevard short of 273.85 meters on Wednesday and 222.71 meters on Saturday. The application of a traffic design with an alternative change in traffic signal time at the A.P. Pettarani-Boulevard interchange was reduced by 26.21 meters and 23.75 meters from the existing conditions on Wednesday and Saturday. And for the alternative application of changing the direction of traffic movement at the A.P. Pettarani – Let. Jend. Hertasning, the decrease in the length of vehicle queues on Boulevard short was 21.31 meters and 17.56 from the existing conditions on Wednesday and Saturday.
Analysis of the variables that contribute to self-organization for the management of family lands in the Yánesha Native Community Santa Rosa de Chuchurras, Pasco, Peru
Authors: Ríos Y , Ferrer J
Published: December 2022

This research analyzed the variables that contribute to self-organization within the general framework for analysing the sustainability of socioecological systems (SES). In our case study, a correlation analysis showed that 80% of the variables contribute to the self-organization of the community in relation to the key resource: family land. There was evidence of land use transition, initially dependent on agrosilvopastoral system, towards diverse economic activities and with it also the inclusion of informal norms (institutional bricolage). These changes stem from two circumstances that threaten community organization. The first is linked to the absence of legal recognition of family lands by the Peruvian State, despite the prioritization of family economic activities over collective actions. The second is the precarious road connectivity that makes exporting difficult, slowing down production and the quality of their supply. If these two circumstances were addressed through public policies: a) the emigration of the community’s younger population would be reduced; b) foreign investment would be attractive in this community; c) would increase the flow of energy and information between the community and its environment improving social capital and trust; and finally, d) uncertainty would be reduced, strengthening community self-organization.