bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Improved Robust Fuzzy Algorithm for Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Dik Amina , Jebari Khalid , Ettouhami Aziz
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a robust, dynamic, and unsupervised fuzzy learning algorithm (RDUFL) that aims to cluster a set of data samples with the ability to detect outliers and assign the numbers of clusters automatically. It consists of three main stages. The first (1) stage is a pre-processing method in which possible outliers are determined and quarantined using a concept of proximity degree. The second (2) stage is a learning method, which consists in auto-detecting the number of classes with their prototypes for a dynamic threshold. This threshold is automatically determined based on the similarity among the detected prototypes that are updated at the exploration of a new data. The last (3) stage treats quarantined samples detected from the first stage to determine whether they belong to some class defined in the second phase. The effectiveness of this method is assessed on eight real medical benchmark datasets in comparison to known unsupervised learning methods, namely, the fuzzy c-means (FCM), possibilistic c-means (PCM), and noise clustering (NC). The obtained accuracy of our scheme is very promising for unsupervised learning problems.
Two puzzles on the nominative particle ga in Japanese
Authors: Kawasaki Noriko
Published: October 2018

Back in the 1970s, Kazuko Inoue observed that some active sentences in Japanese allow a prepositional subject. Along with impersonal sentences pointed out by S.-Y. Kuroda, such examples suggest that the nominative subject is not an obligatory element in Japanese sentences. While this observation supports the hypothesis that important characteristics of the Japanese language follow from its lack of (forced-)agreement, Japanese potential sentences require the nominative ga on at least one argument. The present article argues that the nominative case particle ga is semantically vacuous even where a ga-marked phrase is indispensable or the ga-marked phrase is construed as exhaustively listing. Stative predicates require a ga-marked phrase because they can ascribe a property to an argument only by function application. The exhaustive listing reading arises by conversational implicature when the presence of a ga-marked phrase signals that a topic phrase is being avoided. The discussion leads to a semantic account of subject honorification whereby the honorification only concerns the semantic content of the predicate, and does not involve agreement with the subject. It is also shown that sentences with a prepositional subject allow zibun only as a long-distance anaphor, which indicates that they do lack a subject with the nominative Case.
Cardiometabolic risk factors in preschool children with abdominal obesity from Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Marín-Echeverri Catalina , Aristizábal Juan C. , Gallego-Lopera Natalia , Santa-Ramírez Hugo A. , Hoyos-Gómez Marcela , Ruiz-Pineda Adriana Marcela , Arias Andrés A. , Barona-Acevedo Jacqueline
Published: October 2018

Background

Abdominal obesity (AO) is linked to inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). However, there is limited information on whether preschoolers with AO present these risk factors. We evaluated the association between AO and cardiovascular risk factors in preschoolers.

Methods

We enrolled 232 children (2–5 years), of whom 50% had AO. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) and apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo-A1), glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1/CCL2), leptin, adiponectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1/CD106) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1/CD54) were measured. The homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was calculated. We analyzed these variables according to the presence of AO and other metabolic syndrome (MetS) components.

Results

A total of 75.8% of children with AO had one or more risk factors for MetS. Children with AO had significantly higher body mass indexes (BMIs), insulin, HOMA-IR, TG, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c) and TC/HDL-c ratio and lower HDL-c, compared to children without AO; but there were no differences in inflammatory markers. After adjusting for BMI, sex and age, the differences between groups were not significant for any variable. Waist circumference (WC) was correlated with insulin (r=0.547; p<0.001), TG (r=0.207; p=0.001), ICAM-1 (r=0.213; p=0.039), hs-CRP (r=0.189; p=0.015) and glucose (r=0.187; p=0.004). After adjusting for BMI, age and sex, AO plus one MetS component contributed to individual variation in glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and TG.

Conclusions

AO in preschool children is associated with greater IR and atherogenic lipid profiles, although these findings seem to be more related to general obesity than just central obesity. In addition, our data suggest that IR may precede the elevation of systemic cytokines in obese children, unlike findings in adults. More studies in pediatric populations are needed to elucidate these associations.
Continuous glucose monitoring: data management and evaluation by patients and health care professionals – current situation and developments
Authors: Freckmann Guido , Mende Jochen
Published: October 2018

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology represents a valuable tool for diabetic patients to control and regulate their blood glucose (BG) levels and to reduce adverse metabolic states, for example, by defining glucose alarm thresholds that alert users if the glucose value crosses to an undesired range. Improvement of CGM technology is ongoing, but there are barriers which confine the usefulness of CGM systems. The utility is mainly defined by the operability of the specific device and also by the provided benefit of available CGM software solutions. In order to take best advantage of diabetes therapy, users should be adequately educated in how to use their CGM system and how to interpret the collected data. Different CGM software applications provide partially different CGM reports and statistics. The standardization of this information also would be conducive to the best possible diabetes management.
Sufficientarianism and the Measurement of Inequality
Authors: Schuessler Rudolf
Published: October 2018

What impact should sufficientarianism have on the measurement of inequality? Like other theories of justice, sufficientarianism influences how economic inequality is conceived. For the purpose of measurement, its standards of justice can be approximated by income-based thresholds of sufficiency. At which income level could a threshold of having enough be pegged in OECD countries? What would it imply for standard indicators of inequality, such as decile comparisons of cumulated income, income spreads, or the Gini coefficient? This paper suggests some answers to these questions, showing that sufficientarian ideas could make a difference with respect to the measurement of inequality in a society.
The crystal structure of 6-amino-2-methyl-8-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5,7,7(1H)-tricarbonitrile – ethanol (1/1), C20H19N5S
Authors: Li Da , Zhang Hua , Zhang Qing , Zhou Yan , Zhou Sheng
Published: October 2018

C20H19N5S.C2H6O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.1257(14) Å, b = 11.0862(14) Å, c = 16.0280(19) Å, β = 95.948(2)°, V = 2143.0(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0486, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1487, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl propionate, C13H12O4
Authors: Wang Bei-Bei , Zang Chuan-Yi , Zhang Ling , Wu Wei-Na
Published: October 2018

C13H12O4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.141(5) Å, b = 8.108(6) Å, c = 12.234(9) Å, α = 79.257(12)°, β = 76.820(12)°, γ = 74.687(11)°, V = 566.8(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0515, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1575, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)amino)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)isoindolin-1-one, C22H16N6O
Authors: Zeng Dai , Xing Ai-Ping , Wei Jun-Jun , Chu Yi-Xin , Zhang Shu-Ling
Published: October 2018

C22H16N6O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.2081(5) Å, b = 23.3620(11) Å, c = 12.2769(5) Å, β = 102.345(4)°, V = 3700.7(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0648, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1730, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of citric acid–acetonitrile (1/1), C8H11NO7
Authors: Liu Yang , Zheng Xiao-Yuan , Qin Liu-Lei , Zhu Chun-Li , Liu Zunqi
Published: October 2018

C8H11NO7, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.5944(13) Å, b = 10.402(3) Å, c = 10.666(3) Å, α = 110.297(2)
o
, β = 101.342(3)
o
, γ = 104.701(2)
o
, V = 534.6(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0318, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0833, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of rac-trans-6,6′-((cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2-bromophenolato-κ4
N,N′,O,O′)-bis(methanol)cobalt(III) chloride, C22H25Br2Co8N2O4Cl
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zi Qiaoli , Li Jindong , Li Yajuan
Published: October 2018

C22H25Br2Co8N2O4Cl, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.8246(13) Å, b = 23.695(4) Å, c = 13.225(2) Å, β = 95.987(17)°, V = 2438.6(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0844, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2192, T = 173(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-(2-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl)propane-1,3-diyl diacetate, C14H18ClN5O4
Authors: Wang Jian-Ge , Ji Li
Published: October 2018

C14H18ClN5O4, triclinic, P1̄, a = 7.7966(3) Å, b = 8.2167(4) Å, c = 12.9574(7) Å, α = 82.444(4)°, β = 81.604(4)°, γ = 86.751(4)°, V = 813.46(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0454, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1131, T = 293(2) K.
Kinetics of radical telomerization of acrylic acid in the presence of 1-octadecanethiol
Authors: Mezhuev Yaroslav O. , Sizova Oksana Y. , Korshak Yuri V. , Luss Anna L. , Plyushchii Ivan V. , Svistunova Alina Y. , Stratidakis Antonis K. , Panov Alexey V. , Shtilman Mikhail I. , Tsatsakis Aristidis M.
Published: October 2018

The oligomer of acrylic acid with a thiooctadecyl end-group was obtained by using octadecyl mercaptan as the chain-transfer agent. The resulting oligomer was characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and critical micelle concentration was determined in aqueous solution. The order with respect to the initiator concentration was 0.5 and 1.6 with respect to the monomer concentration. The abnormal reaction order with respect to the monomer concentration was explained by participation in the chain propagation of unassociated and associated forms of acrylic acid, which were stabilized by formation of hydrogen bonds. The kinetic parameters of telomerization were determined. Telomerization with acrylic acid in the non-associated form had lower activation energy and lower pre-exponential factor than in the case of associated forms. The synthesis of the acrylic acid oligomer with a thiooctadecyl end-group having a low critical micelle concentration in water was carried out in one stage and corresponds to the concept of atom economy.
Systematic Study of Gender, Conflict, and Peace
Authors: Gizelis Theodora-Ismene
Published: October 2018

This article reviews the literature on gender, conflict, and peace. In traditional security studies there was not much room for gender or gender equality, while feminist theorists have claimed most of the research on war and peace. The empirical research on gender, conflict, and peace is a relatively new sub-field that brings together diverse traditions from sociology, feminist theory, international relations, and economic development. The common ground of all researchers included in this short review is the effort to systematically understand the role of gender in shaping outcomes of conflict and peace. Despite the increasing number of articles and new datasets, I identify four areas that scholars must address for the research agenda to further grow, deepen, and develop as part of the mainstream study of peace and conflict: women’s status and quality of peace, women’s participation, sexual violence, and gender mainstreaming to promote gender equality in development and peace.
Synesthesia in the process of phraseologismformation: a new approach
Authors: Zykova Irina
Published: October 2018

The paper aims to explore how the process of phraseologism-formation is linked with the process of perception as part and parcel of human cognitive activity. Specifically, the research focuses on the role synesthesia plays in the construction of phraseological meaning. We proceed from the claim that the perceptual experience a human gains through multiple sensory channels while cognizing the world is preserved in the language semantics. Therefore, one of the main assumptions of the research is that synesthesia as a result of crossintegration of various perceptual sensations and their (sub)modalities influences the formation of phraseologisms and can be traced in their semantics. To test this assumption, a representative corpus of English and Russian phraseological units (more than 3,000) is analyzed. In the course of the analysis different types of synesthetic transfers that underlie the phraseological meanings in question are established. Special attention is paid to the way in which synesthesia is involved in the construction of the deep stratum of phraseological semantics that consists of the conceptual foundation (i.e., macro-metaphorical conceptual model) and phraseological image. Overall, the study offers further evidence that phraseological meaning is derived from the perceptual experience and from various synesthetic transfers in particular.
Interlinguale Faktoren für die Erfassung des Lernschwierigkeitsgrads von Phrasemen des Deutschen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von DaF-Lernenden mit Griechisch als Muttersprache
Authors: Chrissou Marios
Published: October 2018

Ιn phraseodidactic research there is a broad agreement upon the fact that collocational fluency is a significant factor of language fluency. For this reason high frequency and common set phrases with a high relevance in written and oral communication should be subject to systematic teaching. However, we still have insufficient knowledge about the proper learning progression that accounts for an adequate sequence of introducing set phrases according to the degree of difficulty in the lesson of German as a foreign language. Progression is not to be organized in purely formal terms, but rather in terms that involve factors such as the age, the genre, the association with speech acts and the L1-knowledge. Especially the formal, semantic and pragmatic congruency of L1 and L2 is an essential factor that affects the degree of difficulty and subsequently the burden of learning associated with set phrases. The present study focuses on a subset of the phraseological core vocabulary (“Optimum”) by Hallsteinsdottir et al. (2006) which consists of the 142 representative, i.e. frequent and common, set phrases in German. It aims to determine their difficulty degree for learners with Greek as L1 by highlighting the interlingual equivalence relations by means of methods of contrastive linguistics: L1-L2 proximity is assumed to have a positive impact on learning reducing the learning burden, whereas lack of proximity is assumed to increase the difficulty degree. In line with the results of the interlingual contrastive survey, proposals are formulated for a comprehensible learning progression that provides continuity in the development of phraseological competence based on the common reference levels of language proficiency.
Uranium oxide synthetic pathway discernment through thermal decomposition and morphological analysis
Authors: Schwerdt Ian J. , Hawkins Casey G. , Taylor Bryan , Brenkmann Alexandria , Martinson Sean , McDonald IV Luther W.
Published: October 2018

Many commercial processes exist for converting uranium from ore to the desired uranium compound for use in nuclear power or nuclear weapons. Accurately determining the processing history of the uranium ore concentrates (UOCs) and their calcination products, can greatly aid a nuclear forensics investigation of unknown or interdicted nuclear materials. In this study, two novel forensic signatures, based on nuclear materials synthesis, were pursued. Thermogravimetric analysis – mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) was utilized for its ability to discern UOCs based on mass changes and evolved gas species; while scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in conjunction with particle segmentation, was performed to identify microfeatures present in the calcination and reduction products (i.e. UO3, U3O8, and UO2) that are unique to the starting UOC. In total, five UOCs from common commercial processing routes including: ammonium diuranate (ADU), uranyl peroxide (UO4), sodium diuranate (SDU), uranyl hydroxide (UH), and ammonium uranyl carbonate (AUC), were synthesized from uranyl nitrate solutions. Samples of these materials were calcined in air at 400 °C and 800 °C. The 800 °C calcination product was subsequently reduced with hydrogen gas at 510 °C. The starting UOCs were investigated using TGA-MS; while SEM quantitative morphological analysis was used to identify signatures in the calcination products. Powder X-ray diffractometry (p-XRD) was used to identify the composition of each UOC and the subsequent calcination products. TGA-MS of the starting UOCs indicate temperature-dependent dehydration, volatilization, and reduction events that were unique to each material; thus making this a quantifiable signature of the initial material in the processing history. In addition, p-XRD, in conjunction with quantitative morphological analysis, was capable of discriminating calcination products of each processing history at the 99 % confidence level. Quantifying these nuclear material properties, enables nuclear forensics scientists to better identify the origin of unknown or interdicted nuclear materials.
Characterization of the antinociceptive effects of intrathecal DALDA peptides following bolus intrathecal delivery
Authors: Kokubu Shinichi , Eddinger Kelly A. , Nguyen Thi M.-D. , Huerta-Esquivel Lena Libertad , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Schiller Peter W. , Yaksh Tony L.
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

We systematically characterized the potency and side effect profile of a series of small opioid peptides with high affinity for the mu opioid receptor.

Methods

Male Sprague Dawley rats were prepared with intrathecal (IT) catheters, assessed with hind paw thermal escape and evaluated for side effects including Straub tail, truncal rigidity, and pinnae and corneal reflexes. In these studies, DMT-DALDA (dDAL) (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 MW=981), dDALc (H-Dmt-Cit-Phe-Lys-NH2 MW=868), dDALcn (H-Dmt-D-Cit-Phe-Nle-NH2 MW=739), TAPP (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Phe-NH2 MW=659), dDAL-TICP ([Dmt1]DALDA-(CH2)2-NH-TICP[psi]; MW=1519), and dDAL-TIPP (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys(Nε-TIPP)-NH2 were examined. In separate studies, the effects of approximately equiactive doses of IT DMT DALDA (10 pmol), morphine (30 nmol) and fentanyl (1 nmol) were examined on formalin-induced flinching at different pretreatment intervals (15 min – 24 h).

Results

(1) All agents resulted in a dose-dependent reversible effect upon motor function (Straub Tail>Truncal rigidity). (2) The ordering of analgesic activity (%MPE) at the highest dose lacking reliable motor signs after bolus delivery was: DMT-DALDA (80%±6/3 pmol); dDALc (75%±8/1 pmol); dDALcn (84%±10/300 pmol); TAPP (56%±12/10 nmol); dDAL-TICP (52%±27/300 pmol). (3) All analgesic effects were reversed by systemic (IP) naloxone (1 mg/kg). Naltrindole (3 mg/kg, IP) had no significant effect upon the maximum usable peptide dose. (4) Tolerance and cross-tolerance development after 5 daily boluses of DMT-DALDA (3 pmol) and morphine (30 nmol) revealed that both agents displayed a progressive decline over 5 days. (5) Cross-tolerance assessed at day 5 revealed a reduction in response to morphine in DMT-DALDA treated animal but not DMT-DALDA in the morphine treated animal, indicating an asymmetric cross-tolerance. (6) IT DMT-DALDA, morphine and fentanyl resulted in significant reductions in phase 1 and phase 2 flinching. With a 15 min pretreatment all drugs resulted in comparable reductions in flinching. However, at 6 h, the reduction in flinching after DMT-DALDA and morphine were comparably reduced while fentanyl was not different from vehicle. All effects on flinching were lost by 24 h.

Conclusions

These results emphasize the potent mu agonist properties of the DALDA peptidic structure series, their persistence similar to morphine and their propensity to produce tolerance. The asymmetric cross-tolerance between equiactive doses may reflect the relative intrinsic activity of morphine and DMT-DALDA.

Implications

These results suggest that the DALDA peptides with their potency and duration of action after intrathecal delivery suggest their potential utility for their further development as a spinal therapeutic to manage pain.
Supersonic Jet Control by Tabs with Slanted Perforation
Authors: Ezhilmaran G. , Khandai Suresh Chandra , Pavithrabalan S. , Udhayakumar K.
Published: October 2018

Control of Mach 1.8 circular jet with slanted perforated tabs is studied experimentally. Two sets of perforated tabs were used for this study. The perforation angles were 0° and 30° with respect to axis of the nozzle. The blockage areas of the tabs were 5 %. The mixing enhancements caused by these tabs were studied in the presence of adverse and favorable pressure gradients, corresponding to nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 4, 5.74 and 8. For Mach number 1.8, jet NPR 4 corresponds to 30 % adverse pressure gradients and NPR 8 corresponds to 39.37 % favorable pressure gradients. The pressure decay characteristics and shadowgraph images of perforated tabs at different NPR were compared. There is 45 % and 65 % reduction in jet core length were observed for the 0° and 30° perforated tabs respectively in both pitot and shadowgraph experiments in comparison to uncontrolled jet.
Secondary High Tones in Koshikijima Japanese
Authors: Kubozono Haruo
Published: October 2018

This paper examines the nature and behavior of secondary H(igh) tones in Koshikijima Japanese, a highly endangered dialect spoken on three small, remote islands in the south of Japan. This dialect generally has a mora-counting prosodic system with two distinctive accent types/classes (Type A and Type B), and displays two H tones, primary and secondary, in words of three or more moras: The primary H tone appears on the penultimate and final moras in Type A and Type B, respectively, whereas the secondary H tone occurs at the beginning of the word redundantly.

Koshikijima Japanese displays regional variations with respect to the secondary H tone, particularly regarding its domain/position, its (in)dependence on the primary H tone, its interaction with the syllable, and its behavior in postlexical phonology. This paper examines how the secondary H tone behaves differently in three distinct accent systems of the dialect: (i) the system described by Takaji Kamimura eighty years ago, (ii) the one that is found quite extensively on the islands today, including Kamimura’s native village (Nakakoshiki) and Teuchi Village, and (iii) the system observed in Kuwanoura Village today. Comparing the three accent systems, this paper also proposes historical scenarios to account for the different behaviors of the secondary H tone across time and space.
Die Auslagerung familiärer Sorgearbeit als Vertrauensproblem – Eine wirtschaftssoziologische Betrachtung der Nachfrage nach Haushaltshilfen und Kinderbetreuung
Authors: Nisic Natascha
Published: October 2018

Der Beitrag untersucht die Nachfrage nach Haushaltshilfen und verschiedenen Kinderbetreuungsformen von Paar- und Familienhaushalten aus wirtschaftssoziologischer Perspektive. Dabei wird ein einheitlicher transaktionskostentheoretischer Ansatz gewählt, der die Auslagerung familiärer Sorgetätigkeiten analog zu betrieblichen Outsourcing-(„make-or-buy“) Entscheidungen betrachtet. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Vertrauensprobleme, die bei der entgeltlichen Auslagerung für den Haushalt essenzieller, traditionell in Eigenarbeit verrichteter Tätigkeiten an haushaltsfremde Dritte entstehen. Die empirische Untersuchung erfolgt auf Grundlage des Sozioökonomischen Panels (SOEP) anhand binärer und multinomialer logistischer Regressionen, die Merkmale beider Partner berücksichtigen. Übereinstimmend mit den theoretischen Vorhersagen erweisen sich die individuelle Vertrauensbereitschaft sowie Indikatoren für die Möglichkeit der Überwachung der ausgelagerten Tätigkeiten als signifikante Prädiktoren. Der Beitrag zeigt zudem Verbindungen zu kultur- und geschlechtersoziologischen Ansätzen auf und diskutiert Mehrwert und Implikationen der gewählten Perspektive.
Gleichgeschlechtliche Arbeitnehmer und Vorgesetzte: Der Effekt von Homophilie und Gruppenzusammensetzung auf Einkommensdifferenzen
Authors: Klug Christina
Published: October 2018

Dieser Aufsatz analysiert Einkommensunterschiede zwischen Arbeitnehmern mit Vorgesetzten mit gleichem oder anderem Geschlecht. Der Homophilie-Mechanismus sagt einen positiven Einkommenseffekt mit einem gleichgeschlechtlichen Vorgesetzten voraus. Um moderierende Effekte der Gruppenzusammensetzung identifizieren zu können, werden zusätzlich vier konkurrierende Theorien herangezogen. Die Hypothesen werden anhand der Daten des Bayerischen Absolventenpanels mit Fixed-Effects Panelregressionen getestet. Es zeigt sich, dass die Gruppenzusammensetzung beachtet werden muss, wenn man Einkommensunterschiede anhand von Homophilie untersucht. Männer haben in Minderheits- und Mehrheitsgruppen Einkommensvorteile. Hingegen erfahren Frauen in der Mehrheitsgruppe Nachteile, wenn der Vorgesetzte das gleiche Geschlecht hat.
Social Background and Between-track Mobility in the General Education System in West Germany and in East Germany after German Unification
Authors: Blossfeld Pia
Published: October 2018

Dieser Artikel untersucht auf der Basis der Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) die langfristige Entwicklung der Mobilitätsprozesse zwischen dem akademischen und nicht-akademischen Schulzweig im allgemeinen Schulsystem in Westdeutschland und im wiedervereinigten Ostdeutschland. Die Analysen basieren auf logistischen Regressionen. Es wird ein multidimensionales Herkunftskonzept verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es heute noch immer mehr Abwärts- als Aufwärtsmobilität im allgemeinen Schulsystem in Westdeutschland gibt. Insgesamt sind die Mobilitätsraten zwischen den Schulzweigen generell sehr niedrig. Kinder hochgebildeter Eltern und aus Herkunftsfamilien mit hohem Status steigen in Westdeutschland häufiger vom nicht-akademischen zum akademischen Schulzweig auf. Außerdem steigen vor allem Kinder niedrig gebildeter Eltern in Westdeutschland und im wiedervereinigten Ostdeutschland eher vom akademischen zum nicht-akademischen Schulzweig ab.
Synthesis, structure, photoluminescent, optical and magnetic properties of a novel thulium p-hydroxybenzenesulfonate complex
Authors: Hu Rong-Hua , Chen Wen-Tong , Huang Jian-gen
Published: October 2018

A novel thulium p-hydroxybenzenesulfonate complex [Tm(C6H5O4S)2(H2O)6](C6H5O4S)·3H2O (1) was solvothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, photoluminescence, solid-state UV/vis diffuse reflectance, magnetic measurements and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 features an ionic structure with the thulium ion possessing a square antiprismatic geometry. Complex 1 crystallized in the monoclinic system with space group P21. Photoluminescent measurements with solid-state sample demonstrate that the anti-Stokes emission bands in the red/NIR spectral region 710 and 812 nm are observed from the Tm3+ 4f intrashell transitions from the 3F2,3 excited states to the 3H6 and 1G4 excited state to the 3H5 state, respectively. Solid-state UV/vis diffuse reflectance spectra of complex 1 show the existence of a wide optical band gap of 3.56 eV. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility and field dependence magnetization measurements are also studied and the magnetic susceptibility obeys the Curie-Weiss law (χ
m

=c/(T−θ)) with the value C being of 8.6 K and a negative Weiss constant θ being of −0.2 K.
On the influence of small chemical changes upon the supramolecular association in substituted 2-(phenoxy)-1,4-naphthoquinones
Authors: Tonin Marlon D.L. , Garden Simon J. , Jotani Mukesh M. , Wardell James L. , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: October 2018

X-ray crystallography reveals the common feature of the title compounds is a 1,4-naphthoquinone ring system with a substituted phenoxy residue adjacent to an oxo-group to give 1 (H), 2 (3-Br), 3 (3-CF3), 4 (4-CN) and 5 (4-NO2). To a first approximation the fused ring system along with the two oxo substituents is planar with the major difference between the molecules relating to the relative orientations of the pendant phenoxy residues: dihedral angles range from 56.56(4)° (3) to 87.52(10)° (2). The presence of intermolecular C–H···O interactions is the common feature of the supramolecular association in the crystals of 1–5. In each of 1 and 5, these extend in three-dimensions but, only to supramolecular dimers in 4, chains in 2 and layers in 3. Each crystal also features C=O···π interactions, pointing to the importance of these points of contact in this series di-oxocompounds. In 2, these, along with C–Br···π interactions lead to a three-dimensional architecture. For 3, the C=O···π and π···π interactions occur within the layers which stack without directional interactions between them. In 4, C–H···O and C=O···π interactions combine to give a supramolecular layer, which also stack without directional interactions in the inter-layer region. Further analysis of the molecular packing was conducted by a Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA). This points to the significant role of H···H, C···H/H···C and O···H/H···O contacts in the packing of 1. Notably different roles for these contacts are found in the other crystals correlating with the participation of the respective substituents in the molecular packing. The HSA suggests the association between layers in 3 (weak F···F and H···F interactions) and 4 (weak H···N interactions) is contributed by the phenoxy-substituents.
Thermodynamic Properties of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria from Monte-Carlo Simulation using ab initio Intermolecular Potentials of Systems H2-H2 and F2-F2
Authors: Tat Pham Van , Deiters Ulrich K.
Published: October 2018

In this work, we have been carried out GEMC-NVT simulations in the temperature range 18 K–32 K for fluid hydrogen and in range 60 K–140 K for fluid fluorine using four our developed ab initio 5-site intermolecular potentials for dimers H2-H2 and F2-F2, respectively. The thermodynamic properties of vapor-liquid equilibria and the critical points of fluids hydrogen and fluorine were calculated with the obtained densities of coexisting phases and vapor pressures. The simulation results drived from ab initio pair potentials were compared with those from ab initio potential plus three-body Axilrod-Teller potential and experimental data as well as those from Monte Carlo simulation using Lennard-Jones potentials, Deiters equation of state (D1-EOS) and Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation of state (EOS) reported in the literature.
From sense making to decision making when living with cancer
Authors: Goering Elizabeth M. , Krause Andrea
Published: October 2018

The diagnosis of a catastrophic illness, such as cancer, brings with it a whirlwind of decisions to be made. As healthcare systems rely increasingly on shared decision making (SDM), understanding how patients make sense of health-related information and equip themselves to participate as equal partners in health-related decision making is essential. Coordinated management of meaning's (CMM) LUUUTT (lived, unknown, untold, unheard, told stories, telling stories) model provides a useful conceptual and methodological framework for better understanding how stories are woven together to create meaning and influence decision making. This Research Note illustrates the potential of applying the LUUUTT model to autoethnographic vignettes and personal health narratives to reach a deeper understanding of the sense-making and decision-making processes related to living with cancer.
What does shared decision making look like in natural settings? A mixed methods study of patient–provider conversations
Authors: Lee Joy , Callon Wynne , Haywood, Jr. Carlton , Lanzkron Sophie M. , Gulbrandsen Pål , Beach Mary Catherine
Published: October 2018

Objective: To understand the variability and nature of shared decision making (SDM) regarding a uniform type of serious medical decision, and to make normative judgments about how these conversations might be improved. Methods: This was a mixed-methods sub-analysis of the Improving Patient Outcomes with Respect and Trust (IMPORT) study. We used the Braddock framework to identify and describe seven elements of SDM in audio-recorded encounters regarding initiation of hydroxyurea, and used data from medical records and patient questionnaires to understand whether and how these tasks were achieved. Results: Physicians covered a spectrum of SDM behaviors: all dialogues contained discussion regarding the clinical issue and the pros and cons of treatment; the patient's understanding and role were not explicitly assessed or stated in any encounter. Yet no patient agreed to start hydroxyurea who did not already prefer it. There was no uniform approach to how physicians presented risk; many concerns expressed by patients in a pre-visit questionnaire were not discussed. Conclusion: In this analysis, patients seemed to understand their role in the decision-making process, suggesting that a patient's role may not always need to be explicitly stated. However, shared decision making might be improved with more routine assessment of patient understanding and concerns. Standardized decision aids might help fully inform patients of risks and benefits.
Escalating the positive in antenatal consultations: Midwife support in (inter)action
Authors: Petraki Eleni , Clark Shannon
Published: October 2018

This article investigates the practical accomplishment of support in midwife-led antenatal interactions. Drawing on 16 transcribed antenatal consultations from Australia, and utilizing principles of conversation analysis, we investigate a range of interactional practices that midwives use to support expectant mothers and create a positive interactional environment during the consultations. The interactional practices examined include positive assessments, compliments, enhanced agreements, extended back-channels, good wishing, humor and joking, and brightside formulations. Through these turns, the midwife works to create with the woman a shared positive stance towards the upcoming birth by encouraging her, endorsing her decisions, treating the woman's progression through pregnancy as an achievement, and selectively focusing on the positive side of situations. As such, the research contributes to understanding the practical management of support, a concept which underpins many health and care professions.
In support of goals-of-care discussions in shared decision making – An extended response to the rejoinders
Authors: Kaldjian Lauris Christopher
Published: October 2018

I am indebted to my colleagues – Larry Cripe and Richard Frankel, Martin Richards, Peter Scalia and Glyn Elwyn, and Angus Clarke – for the time they have taken to pose questions and offer comments that challenge and support my essay on the relationship between goals of care, concepts of health, and shared decision making (Kaldjian 2017). I am also grateful for the opportunity to respond (at some length!) to many of the issues raised, some of which are conceptual, some empirical, and some practical. Because most of the concerns relate to goals of care and shared decision making, it is to aspects of these topics that I will devote most of my attention.
In Search of a Better Country
Authors: Asamoah-Gyadu J Kwabena
Published: October 2018

This article reflects on migration in the prosperity hermeneutics of contemporary Pentecostals. Prosperity, involving human flourishing in both its spiritual and physical senses is a predominant theme in Pentecostal preaching. In most of Africa this theme resonates with the life ambitions of the upwardly mobile youth in particular. This is because it addresses major concerns regarding the tragedies of poverty and failure in leadership with its attendant social problems on the continent. A lot of the people who risk their lives on the Mediterranean Seas in search of a "better country" do so on Christian prophetic inspiration. The association of living in the West in particular with prosperity and flourishing has found its way into contemporary Pentecostalism's discourses of prosperity as one of the several ways in which God blesses his children. Abraham is usually the iconic biblical example in the prosperity hermeneutics of migration. Thus, international migration may ultimately have economic implications, but for a lot of African Pentecostals, living in the developed West in particular could be a sign of God's favour, blessing and divine breakthrough. In this study, I consider prosperity preaching in these movements in order to help readers appreciate the relationship between migration and prosperity as an important dimension of contemporary Pentecostal religion.
Greening the Apocalypse
Authors: Williams Andrew
Published: October 2018

While Pentecostal theologians have lately begun examining the relationship between Pentecostal theology and ecology, little attention has been devoted to exploring the relationship between Pentecostal eschatology and ecotheology. In response, this study explores how wider Pentecostal eschatology can provide fresh opportunities for developing a Pentecostal eco-eschatology. In sum, I converge the eschatological contributions of Peter Althouse, Frank Macchia, and Larry McQueen on the point that the old earth is not annihilated at Christ's second coming, but is it is transformed into the new earth. I take ecotheological matters further by addressing the issues that emerge from a distinctly Pentecostal perspective - thoroughly pneumatological and praxis oriented. The result is an original, constructive eco-eschatological contribution to Pentecostal scholarship.
“God Brought Me Here to Change Me”
Authors: Eriksen Stian
Published: October 2018

This article discusses narratives of spiritual transformation among Filipino migrants in the context of a Filipino Pentecostal migrant church in Norway, asking how Filipino migrants encounter and make use of religion in their migratory trajectories and experiences. The article takes a narrative approach to stories of transformation and discusses these with insights from theology, psychology and sociology of religion and in light of their sociocultural and spiritual contexts. The analysis focuses on these migrants' encounters, emotions and engagements related to facing life in Norway in context of the Pentecostal spirituality found in one growing Filipino migrant church. The article takes special interest in references to emotion as a hermeneutical cue in the narratives. From this, special attention is given to the individual's story and for understanding such churches as sociocultural and spiritual communities of transformation and mission.
New Faith, New Family
Authors: Palma Paul
Published: October 2018

During the mass migration of 1870-1920, the peasantry of southern Italy flooded the urban centres of America. Accustomed to a rural-agrarian lifestyle and steeped in traditional religious beliefs, contadini (Italian peasants) found themselves isolated in the industrial centres of America. Separation from kin and the faith of their ancestors contributed to a psychological void that led contadini to seek new forms of Christianityfor religious fulfilment. This article explores the social psychology of the contadini during the mass migration. It examines the historico-cultural conditions that drove peasants from Catholicism, the mental and emotional dimensions of being in tension with their new environment, and the suitability of other faith contexts, particularly Pentecostalism, to mitigate the experience of isolation.
ASAMOAH-GYADU, J. Kwabena, 'Sighs and Signs of the Spirit: Ghanaian Perspectives on Pentecostalism and Renewal in Africa'
Authors: Kahl Werner
Published: October 2018

ASAMOAH-GYADU, J. Kwabena, Sighs and Signs of the Spirit: Ghanaian Perspectives on Pentecostalism and Renewal in Africa. Regnum Studies in Mission. Oxford: Regnum, 2015. 205pp. ISBN: 9781908355812. £12.
GREEN, Gene L., Stephen T. PARDUE and K. K. YEO (eds), 'The Spirit over the Earth: Pneumatology in the Majority World'
Authors: Baker Josiah
Published: October 2018

GREEN, Gene L., Stephen T. PARDUE and K. K. YEO (eds), The Spirit over the Earth: Pneumatology in the Majority World. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 2016. 208pp. Pbk. ISBN: 9780802872739. £9.99.
ENGLISH DE ALMINANA, Margaret and Lois E. OLENA (eds), 'Women in Pentecostal and Charismatic Ministry: Informing a Dialogue on Gender, Church and Ministry'
Authors: Clarke Marcia
Published: October 2018

ENGLISH DE ALMINANA, Margaret and Lois E. OLENA (eds), Women in Pentecostal and Charismatic Ministry: Informing a Dialogue on Gender, Church and Ministry. Leiden: Brill, 2016. 410pp. Pbk. IBSN 9789004332522. €79.00.
Longevity of Willow Tits (Poecile montanus): the significance of flock membership, social rank and body size
Authors: Hogstad Olav , Slagsvold Tore
Published: October 2018

The Willow Tit Poecile montanus is highly sedentary and breeding pairs remain in their exclusive areas throughout the year. During the winter, these areas are defended by small, non-kin flocks, formed as the roaming yearlings become sedentary and join adults during late summer and autumn. Once established, stable social hierarchies are maintained in these flocks during the winter. The winter flocks consist normally of the socially dominant adult mated pair and two mated juvenile pairs, one higher-ranked and one lower-ranked. Individually colour-ringed juvenile Willow Tits were followed over years in subalpine forest in Norway from ringing in the autumn till they disappeared. None of the lower ranked birds survived their first winter, whereas only 4 of 71 higher-ranked juvenile pairs disappeared during this time. Half of the 71 pairs survived their first winter, about 25 % survived two winters, 8.5% survived three winters, and 5.6% survived four winters. Survival was similar for males and females. Alpha pairs remained mated and defended their common territory across years. Maximum age as revealed by ringing showed one female became six years old and two males ringed as adults were at least nine years old when last observed. The main factor associated with survival was early flock establishment that led to a high rank position among the juvenile flock members. Body size seemed insignificant. Birds that survived their first winter either succeeded to establish as territory owners or they were forced into the role as floaters and probably perished.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae agente causal de la pudrición blanda de frutos de Artocarpus heterophyllus lam. en Nayarit, México
Authors: Tiznado María de Los Angeles Medina , Esquivel Gregorio Luna , Campos Octavio Jhonathan Cambero , Guerrero Leobarda Guadalupe Ramírez , Velasco Claudio Rios
Published: October 2018

Resumen Se recolectaron frutos de yaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) con síntomas de pudrición blanda marrón, durante los periodos seco (mayo-junio, 2016) y lluvioso (agosto, 2016), en plantaciones de los municipios de San Blas y Compostela, Nayarit, México. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar al agente causal de la pudrición blanda de frutos precosecha. Se obtuvieron 150 disecciones de la zona de avance de la enfermedad a partir de 12 frutos y se sembraron en medio de cultivo papa-dextrosa-agar (PDA). Se aislaron cinco géneros de hongos (Colletotrichum sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Lasiodiplodia sp. y sp.), Cunninghamellalos cuales se inocularon sobre la epidermis de frutos de yaca aparentemente sanos mediante dos procedimientos (con y sin herida) bajo condiciones de laboratorio con segmentos de PDA micelial de 0.5 cm2 de seis días de desarrollo. En las pruebas de patogenicidad Lasiodiplodia sp. fue el único hongo que causó los síntomas de pudrición blanda, expresados a los 5 y 6 días post-inoculación (dpi) en un 87.5 % y 62.5 % con y sin herida, respectivamente. De acuerdo con sus caracteres morfológicos y su secuencia genómica, el hongo patogénico fue identificado como Lasiodiplodia theobromae, siendo el primer reporte de este patógeno en frutos de yaca en Nayarit, México.
Inoculation with arbuscular micorrizhal fungi and organic compost from cocoa shell positively influence the growth and mineral nutrition of soursop plants (Annona muricata l.)
Authors: Gomes Júnior Gedeon Almeida , Pereira Rafaela Alves , Sodré George Andrade , Sacramneto Célio Kersul do , Gross Eduardo
Published: October 2018

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation (AMF - Acaulospora scrobiculata, Acaulospora colombiana and the mixture of these inocula) and doses of organic compost obtained from cocoa shell (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 g dm-3) on “Morada” soursop seedlings. The experimental design was a randomized block with 4 blocks in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (AMF x organic compost). After 120 days of growth, it was observed that AMF inoculation increased height, stem diameter and shoot, root and total dry biomass. Organic compost stimulated mycorrhizal colonization and the number of spores with the addition up to 10 g dm-3. Mycorrhizal inoculation promoted increases of P content in soursop leaves. Control plants did not show adequate response to doses of the organic compost applied and it was concluded that AMF inoculation combined with organic compost increased the growth and nutrition of soursop plants.
Vegetative propagation of raspberry from leafy cuttings
Authors: Marchi Priscila Monalisa , Antunes Luis Eduardo Corrêa , Pereira Ivan dos Santos , Höhn Daniela , Valgas Ricardo Alexandre
Published: October 2018

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate rooting of raspberry cultivars from leafy cuttings in two seasons, autumn and winter. The cultivars Schöenmann, Willamette, Heritage, Polana, Indian Summer, Fall Gold, Golden Bliss and Bababerry were evaluated. Assessments were done 90 days after the installation for both seasons, evaluating the following traits: percentage of cuttings with callus; rooted and live cuttings; the longest root length; and dry mass of roots and sprouting. The results showed that is possible to obtain good rooting rates from leafy cuttings of raspberry cultivars in autumn, and regular in winter. The cultivars Bababerry, Schoenmann and Golden Bliss had higher rooting percentage, followed by Heritage, Polana, Willamette and Fallgold. The cultivar Indian Summer had the lower rooting percentage in autumn and winter.