bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed reality navigation training system for liver surgery based on a high‐definition human cross‐sectional anatomy data set
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Miao Huachun , Farhaj Zeeshan , Gong Xin , Weikai Sun , Dong Wenqing , Jun Niu , Shuwei Liu , Yu Dexin
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study aims to use the three‐dimensional (3D) mixed‐reality model of liver, entailing complex intrahepatic systems and to deeply study the anatomical structures and to promote the training, diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.

Methods

Vascular perfusion human specimens were used for thin‐layer frozen milling to obtain liver cross‐sections. The 104‐megapixel‐high‐definition cross sectional data set was established and registered to achieve structure identification and manual segmentation. The digital model was reconstructed and data was used to print a 3D hepatic model. The model was combined with HoloLens mixed reality technology to reflect the complex relationships of intrahepatic systems. We simulated 3D patient specific anatomy for identification and preoperative planning, conducted a questionnaire survey, and evaluated the results.

Results

The 3D digital model and 1:1 transparent and colored model of liver established truly reflected intrahepatic vessels and their complex relationships. The reconstructed model imported into HoloLens could be accurately matched with the 3D model. Only 7.7% participants could identify accessory hepatic veins. The depth and spatial‐relationship of intrahepatic structures were better understandable for 92%. The 100%, 84.6%, 69% and 84% believed the 3D models were useful in planning, safer surgical paths, reducing intraoperative complications and training of young surgeons respectively.

Conclusions

A detailed 3D model can be reconstructed using the higher quality cross‐sectional anatomical data set. When combined with 3D printing and HoloLens technology, a novel hybrid‐reality navigation‐training system for liver surgery is created. Mixed Reality training is a worthy alternative to provide 3D information to clinicians and its possible application in surgery. This conclusion was obtained based on a questionnaire and evaluation. Surgeons with extensive experience in surgical operations perceived in the questionnaire that this technology might be useful in liver surgery, would help in precise preoperative planning, accurate intraoperative identification, and reduction of hepatic injury.
Comparative assessment of grain quality in tannin versus non‐tannin sorghums in the sorghum association panel
Authors: S. Impa M. , Bean Scott R. , loerger B. P. , Hayes Chad , Emendack Yves , Jagadish S. V. Krishna
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives

The presence of antinutritional compounds such as tannins reduce the nutritional benefits in sorghum. Hence, the major objective was to evaluate the differences in grain quality and physical parameters in 254 tannin and non‐tannin accessions in a diverse set of sorghum association panel.

Findings

Wide variability was noticed for total protein (11%–19%) and protein digestibility (13%–78%). Tannin content recorded a significant negative relationship (R2 = 0.65, p < .001) with protein digestibility, indicating strong impact of tannins on protein digestibility in sorghum accessions with a pigmented testa. Non‐tannin accessions exhibited higher protein content, protein digestibility, kernel hardness, kernel weight and diameter, and lower phenolics compared to tannin accessions. Among the genetic races, Durra had the highest protein digestibility and Caudatum had the highest kernel weight than other races. In accessions with tannin, red grains had the highest tannin content and lowest protein digestibility than other colored grains.

Conclusions

The study revealed accessions with high protein digestibility of around 71% in both non‐tannin and tannin groups. A tannin containing accession SC1056 had the highest protein digestibility (78%) coupled with high kernel hardness.

Significance and Novelty

Accessions with above‐average protein digestibility, either with or without tannins could be ideal donors for breeding for improved grain quality in sorghum.
Tumor‐to‐tumor metastasis to Warthin tumor presenting as an initial sign of breast carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Mansikka Iisa , Kinnunen Ilpo , Hirvonen Jussi , Vainio Paula , Velhonoja Jarno
Published: January 2023

Metastases of distant primary tumors on the parotid gland are very rare. Tumor‐to‐tumor metastasis to salivary gland tumors is extremely rare. A case of a 69‐year‐old woman with a large left parotid gland mass with no previous salivary gland problems or cancer. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) showed evidence of a Warthin tumor. A total left parotidectomy was performed. The final pathology report showed a Warthin tumor containing two metastases of adenocarcinoma. The immunohistochemistry of the metastases led to the diagnosis of primary breast cancer. A negative FNA does not rule out the possibility of a malignant parotid tumor or metastasis, and a parotid lump should be presumed to be a secondary tumor until proven otherwise if the patient has a history of any distant primary cancer. Our patient case serves as a reminder that a new distant primary cancer might be the cause of a parotid lump.
Defect‐Induced Activity Enhancement of Self‐Exfoliated Carbon Nitrides for Solar Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhu Chaofeng , Wang Yang , Xue Jiawei
Published: January 2023

The recombination of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs severely limits the efficiency of solar‐driven hydrogen evolution in carbon nitrides (CN) system. Herein, a K+ doped and cyanamide defects modified CN (CCNK) with free‐standing nanosheets in water was synthesized by a bottom‐up self‐exfoliated strategy. Further experimental characterizations reveal that the cyanamide moiety and K+ in the framework play an important role in the enhancement of hydrophilicity and efficiently suppress electron‐hole pair recombination. CCNK exhibits an impressive photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity (132.6 μmol h−1), which is 22 times higher than bulk CN (6.0 μmol h−1), and far surpassing other CN‐based photocatalysts. This work provides an innovative facile self‐exfoliated strategy for bottom‐up preparation of ultrathin CN nanosheets without using any acid, base, or solvents, paving the way for the development of high‐performance photocatalysts using CN‐based powders.
Polyethylenimine‐Grafted Silica Nanoparticles Facilitate Enzymatic Carbon Dioxide Conversion
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Yu-Tong , Liu Ling , Bai Shu , Yu Lin-Ling , Sun Yan
Published: January 2023

Polyethylenimine (PEI)‐grafted silica nanoparticles were fabricated and characterized for the electrostatic immobilization of a CO2 conversion enzyme. PEI was supposed to serve as a carbonic anhydrase mimic for CO2 capture and conversion to HCO3− (the optimal substrate of many CO2 conversion enzymes) and was proved to assist phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to form a dual‐enzyme cascade system for CO2 conversion. The immobilized enzyme not only presented better thermostability, pH tolerance, and storage stability, but also enhanced the specific activity (three‐ and fourfold for HCO3− and CO2 as the substrates, respectively), with good reusability and low cost. It was proven that PEI‐grafted nanoparticles are highly efficient nanocarriers for immobilizing CO2‐converting enzymes in industrial applications.
Base‐Mediated Radio‐Iodination of Arenes by Using Organosilane and Organogermane as Radiolabelling Precursors
Authors: Bloux Hugo , Dahiya Amit , Hébert Alexandra , Fabis Frédéric , Schoenebeck Franziska , Cailly Thomas
Published: January 2023

The radio‐iodination of arenes is investigated from organosilane and organogermane precursors using ipso‐electrophilic halogenation (IEH). Discovery of a mild base mediated process allows radio‐iodination in HFIP (1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol) of either aryl silane or germane, with germanes being more reactive. Clinical potential of arylgermanes as radio‐iodination precursors is demonstrated through the labelling of [125I]IMTO (iodometomidate) and [125I]MIBG (meta‐iodobenzylguanidine) thus offering an alternative to radio‐iododestannylation processes using non‐toxic precursors.
α‐Amination of Carbonyl Compounds by Using Hypervalent Iodine‐Based Aminating Reagents Containing a Transferable (Diarylmethylene)amino Group
Authors: Okumatsu Daichi , Kawanaka Kazuki , Kainuma Shunpei , Kiyokawa Kensuke , Minakata Satoshi
Published: January 2023

Hypervalent iodine‐based aminating reagents containing a transferable (diarylmethylene)amino group can be used for the α‐amination of simple carbonyl compounds such as esters, amides, and ketones in the presence of a lithium base. The (diarylmethylene)amino groups of the products can be readily modified, thus providing access to primary amines and diarylmethylamines. The developed method features transition‐metal‐free conditions and a simple one‐pot procedure without the need to prepare enolate equivalents separately, thus offering a general and practical approach to the synthesis of a wide variety of α‐amino carbonyl compounds. Experimental mechanistic investigations indicate that this amination proceeds through a unique radical coupling of an α‐carbonyl radical with an iminyl radical; they are generated through a single‐electron transfer between a lithium enolate and the hypervalent iodine reagent.
Simulationsstrategie zur belastbaren Auslegung der Essigsäure‐Rückgewinnung aus Abwässern der industriellen Celluloseacetatherstellung
Authors: Millenautzki Thomas , Tempel Tasia , Barbe Stéphan
Published: January 2023

Bei der industriellen Acetylierung von Cellulose fallen große Mengen an essigsäurehaltigem Abwasser an. Im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit und der zirkularen Wertschöpfung ist es entscheidend, die Essigsäure zurückzugewinnen und zu recyceln (closed loop). In dieser Arbeit wurde eine Simulationsstrategie zur belastbaren Auslegung der Rückgewinnung von Essigsäure aus Abwässern der industriellen Celluloseacetatherstellung entwickelt und experimentell validiert. Dabei wurden die entsprechenden Modelle (NRTL & UNIFAC) diskutiert und für Simulationen eingesetzt. Die Praxiswerte bestätigten die Vermutung der praktischen Anwendbarkeit des NRTL‐Aktivitätskoeffizienten von αij = 0,2.
Influence of weak electrostatic charges and secondary flows on pneumatic powder transport
Authors: Grosshans Holger
Published: January 2023

The dynamics of the transported powder determines the functionality and safety of pneumatic conveying systems. The relation between the carrier gas flow, induced by the flown‐through geometry, and the powder flow pattern is not clear yet for electrostatically charged particles. This paper highlights the influence of relatively minor cross‐sectional secondary flows and electrostatic forces on the concentration and dynamics of the particles. To this end, direct numerical simulations (DNS) capture the interaction of the continuous and dispersed phases using a four‐way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian strategy. The transport of weakly charged particles in channel flows, where turbopheresis defines the particle concentration, is compared to duct flows, where additional cross‐sectional vortices form. For both geometries, the Stokes number () and the electrical Stokes number () are varied, and the turbulent carrier flow was fixed to . The presented simulations demonstrate that secondary flows, for the same , , and , dampen the effect of particle charge. In a duct flow, vortical secondary flows enhance the cross‐sectional particle mobility against the direction of electrostatic forces. Compared to a duct flow, in a channel, the wall‐normal aerodynamic forces are weaker. Thus, electrical forces dominate their transport; the local particle concentration at the walls increases. Further, electrostatic charges cause a stronger correlation between the gas and particle velocities. In conclusion, despite being weak compared to the primary flow forces, secondary flow and electrostatic forces drive particle dynamics during pneumatic transport.
Carfentanil structural analogs found in street drugs by paper spray mass spectrometry and their characterization by high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Borden Scott A. , Mercer Savannah R. , Saatchi Armin , Wong Ernest , Stefan Cristiana M. , Wiebe Heather , Hore Dennis K. , Wallace Bruce , Gill Chris G.
Published: January 2023

Carfentanil is one of the most potent synthetic opioids ever developed, with an estimated analgesic potency approximately 20–100 times that of fentanyl and 10,000 times that of morphine. Carfentanil has been appearing in the illicit drug supply in many regions and has been linked to fatal overdose events. A subset of 59 street drug samples obtained in Victoria, B.C., that were confirmed to contain carfentanil were analyzed by mass spectrometry for this study. Carfentanil quantitation by paper spray mass spectrometry ranged from 0.05 to 2.95 w/w% (median = 0.32%) in the original drug sample. Paper spray mass spectrometry analysis also detected two unknown peaks at m/z 380.2 and 381.2 in 31 of these 59 samples (53%). Initial tandem mass spectrometry experiments revealed structural similarities between these unknown compounds and carfentanil, suggesting they were potential structural analogs, possibly arising from incomplete purification during synthesis. High‐resolution mass spectrometry determined the chemical formulas of these compounds as C23H29N3O2 (m/z 380.2333) and C23H29N2O3 (m/z 381.2137). Literature and tandem mass spectrometry results were used to determine the identity of these potential new psychoactive substances, C23H29N3O2 as desmethylcarfentanil amide and C23H29N2O3 as desmethylcarfentanil acid. μ‐Opioid receptor binding modeling determined that the binding poses of these analogs were nearly identical to that of carfentanil with relative binding energy calculations of 0.544 kJ/mol (desmethylcarfentanil amide) and −0.171 kJ/mol (desmethylcarfentanil acid); these data suggest they may share the toxic effects of carfentanil and have similar potencies.
Differences in the behavior and diet between shoaling and solitary surgeonfish (Acanthurus triostegus)
Authors: Guerra Ana Sofia , Van Wert Jacey C. , Haupt Alison J. , McCauley Douglas J. , Eliason Erika J. , Young Hillary S. , Lecchini David , White Timothy D. , Caselle Jennifer E.
Published: January 2023

Variation in behavior within marine and terrestrial species can influence the functioning of the ecosystems they inhabit. However, the contribution of social behavior to ecosystem function remains underexplored. Many coral reef fish species provide potentially insightful models for exploring how social behavior shapes ecological function because they exhibit radical intraspecific variation in sociality within a shared habitat. Here, we provide an empirical exploration on how the ecological function of a shoaling surgeonfish (Acanthurus triostegus) may differ from that of solitary conspecifics on two Pacific coral reefs combining insight from behavioral observations, stable isotope analysis, and macronutrient analysis of gut and fecal matter. We detected important differences in how the social mode ofA. triostegusaffected its spatial and feeding ecology, as well as that of other reef fish species. Specifically, we found increased distance traveled and area covered by shoaling fish relative to solitaryA. triostegus. Additionally, shoalingA. triostegusprimarily grazed within territories of other herbivorous fish and had piscivorous and nonpiscivorous heterospecific fish associated with the shoal, while solitaryA. triostegusgrazed largely grazed outside of any territories and did not have any such interactions with heterospecific fish. Results from stable isotope analysis show a difference in δ15N isotopes between shoaling and solitary fish, which suggests that these different social modes are persistent. Further, we found a strong interaction between social behavior and site and carbohydrate and protein percentages in the macronutrient analysis, indicating that these differences in sociality are associated with measurable differences in both the feeding ecology and nutrient excretion patterns. Our study suggests that the social behavior of individuals may play an important and underappreciated role in mediating their ecological function.
Evidence of the niche expansion of crofton weed following invasion in China
Authors: Xian Xiaoqing , Zhao Haoxiang , Wang Rui , Zhang Hongbin , Chen Baoxiong , Liu Wanxue , Wan Fanghao
Published: January 2023

Niche dynamics of invasive alien plants (IAPs) play pivotal roles in biological invasion. Ageratina adenophora—one of the most aggressive IAPs in China and some parts of the world—poses severe ecological and socioeconomic threats. However, the spatiotemporal niche dynamics of A. adenophora in China remain unknown, which we aimed to elucidate in the present study. China, Mexico; using a unifying framework, we reconstructed the climate niche dynamics of A. adenophora and applied the optimal MaxEnt model to predict its potential geographical distribution in China. Furthermore, we compared the heterogeneity of A. adenophora niche between Mexico (native) and China (invasive). We observed a low niche overlap between Mexico (native) and China (invasive). Specifically, the niche of A. adenophora in China has distinctly expanded compared to that in Mexico, enhancing the invasion risk of this IAP in the former country. In fact, the climatic niche of A. adenophora in Mexico is a subset of that in China. The potential geographical distribution of A. adenophora is concentrated in the tropical and subtropical zones of Southwest China, and its geographical distribution pattern in China is shaped by the combination of precipitation and temperature variables. The niche dynamics of A. adenophora follow the hypothesis of niche shift and conservatism. The present work provides a unifying framework for studies on the niche dynamics of other IAPs worldwide.
The spectral composition of a white light influences its attractiveness to Culex pipiens mosquitoes
Authors: Wilson Roksana , Cooper Christopher E. C. , Meah Rochelle J. , Wakefield Andrew , Roberts Nicholas W. , Jones Gareth
Published: January 2023

Insect attraction to artificial light can potentially facilitate disease transmission by increasing contact between humans and vectors. Previous research has identified specific wavelength bands, such as yellow and red, that are unattractive to biting flies. However, narrow‐band, non‐white lights are unsuitable for home lighting use as their very poor color rendering is often considered aesthetically undesirable. The creation of a white light that is unattractive to insects has so far remained elusive. White light can be created by combining a number of narrow‐band light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Through choice chamber experiments on Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) mosquitoes, we examine whether combining specific wavelength bands has an additive, subtractive or synergistic effect on insect attraction. We show that a white light created by combining narrow‐band red, green and blue (RGB) LEDs is less attractive to Cx. pipiens than a broad‐spectrum white light; and that a white light created by combining narrow‐band blue and yellow LEDs is more attractive than a broad‐spectrum white light. White light produced by RGB combinations could therefore serve as a safer and cheaper light in countries where phototactic vectors and vector‐borne disease are endemic.
The Last Fortress of Tin's Tyranny – Protodenitration of Nitroalkanes
Authors: Valachová Dominika , Marčeková Michaela , Caletková Oľga , Kolarovič Andrej , Jakubec Pavol
Published: January 2023

Protodenitration, a direct reduction of nitroalkanes to corresponding alkanes, already spans two centuries and is enabled by various reagents. This mini‐review provides a historical development of the fundamental transformation and highlights the governing position of the Ono‐Tanner reaction employing tributyltin hydride. Due to the unchallenged dominance of the toxic tributyltin hydride and environmentally unpopular solvents sharply contrasting with modern ecological trends, the current situation was dubbed “the last fortress of tin's tyranny.”
A correlation of conductivity medium and bioparticle viability on dielectrophoresis‐based biomedical applications
Authors: Deivasigamani Revathy , Mohd Maidin Nur Nasyifa , Abdul Nasir Nur Shahira , Abdulhameed Abdullah , Ahmad Kayani Aminuddin Bin , Mohamed Mohd Ambri , Buyong Muhamad Ramdzan
Published: January 2023

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) bioparticle research has progressed from micro to nano levels. It has proven to be a promising and powerful cell manipulation method with an accurate, quick, inexpensive, and label‐free technique for therapeutic purposes. DEP, an electrokinetic phenomenon, induces particle movement as a result of polarization effects in a nonuniform electrical field. This review focuses on current research in the biomedical field that demonstrates a practical approach to DEP in terms of cell separation, trapping, discrimination, and enrichment under the influence of the conductive medium in correlation with bioparticle viability. The current review aims to provide readers with an in‐depth knowledge of the fundamental theory and principles of the DEP technique, which is influenced by conductive medium and to identify and demonstrate the biomedical application areas. The high conductivity of physiological fluids presents obstacles and opportunities, followed by bioparticle viability in an electric field elaborated in detail. Finally, the drawbacks of DEP‐based systems and the outlook for the future are addressed. This article will aid in advancing technology by bridging the gap between bioscience and engineering. We hope the insights presented in this review will improve cell suspension medium and promote DEP‐viable bioparticle manipulation for health‐care diagnostics and therapeutics.
Design of a PV‐fed electric vehicle charging station with a combination of droop and master‐slave control strategy
Authors: Krishnan Nair Divya , Prasad Krishnamachar , Lie Tek T.
Published: January 2023

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming essential elements for both the transport and power sectors. Consequently, they need a suitable charging infrastructure at the same time. Electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) assisted by photovoltaic (PV) panels draw attention due to minimal expenditure, increased environmental awareness, and a consistent increase in the effectiveness of the PV modules. In this paper, a combination control scheme utilizing the merits of both droop and master‐control strategies for the EVCS is proposed. In addition, an isolated bidirectional DC‐DC converter combined with the snubber circuits and a three‐level boost converter that utilizes a capacitance‐voltage control design is used to further enhance the system stability. The design of the EVCS is formulated and validated through MATLAB/Simulink.
Yield and nutritional quality of soil‐cultivated crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) and corn salad (Valerianella spp.) harvested at different growing periods
Authors: Sinkovič Lovro , Sinkovič Doris Kokalj , Ugrinović Kristina
Published: January 2023

Crisphead lettuce and corn salad varieties were grown during different growing seasons in the greenhouse or in the field under intensive tillage. They were evaluated for agronomic and nutritional quality to determine the influence of growing period, variety, and in the case of lettuce, leaf position (inner, middle, and outer leaf) on total and marketable yield, color parameters, relative chlorophyll, total sugars, isovaleric acid, total phenolic content (TPC), and multielement composition. Significant differences were found among total yield, color parameters (L*, b*, c*, and hue), and relative chlorophyll for crisphead lettuce, and color parameters (L*, a*, b*, c*, and hue) and relative chlorophyll for corn salad varieties. Relative chlorophyll was strongly correlated with most color parameters. The growing period affected yield, relative chlorophyll, TPC, total sugars, isovaleric acid, and multielement composition for corn salad, and the color parameter a* and relative chlorophyll for crisphead lettuce. The position of lettuce leaves had a significant effect on TPC, total sugars, and multielement composition. In addition, this study confirmed that farmers and consumers should pay attention to nutritional quality when selecting different lettuce and corn salad varieties.
Effect of infrared drying on chemical and microbial properties of Cold‐Hardy grape pomace (Edelweiss and Marquette)
Authors: Mohammadi Shad Zeinab , Venkitasamy Chandrasekar , Kuelbs Emily , Buren Lucas , Watrelot Aude A.
Published: January 2023

This study aims to add value to a common wine industry waste by preserving bioactive compounds in cold‐hardy grape pomace (GP) and preventing any microbial growth under the proper drying conditions. Effects of infrared (IR) and hot air (HA) drying on the microbial and physicochemical properties such as color, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of white (Edelweiss) and red (Marquette) GP were studied. The IR heating rapidly reduced the moisture content of GP from 55% wet basis (w.b.) to less than 10%, which resulted in a drying time reduction of 71.9% to 80.2% compared to HA drying. There were no significant differences in color parameters among the IR‐ and HA‐dried pomaces (p > .05). The phenolic content of ‘Edelweiss’ pomace was not significantly affected by both IR and HA drying, whereas the phenolic content of ‘Marquette’ pomace was substantially reduced from 274 mg/g dry extract in raw pomace to 127 mg/g dry extract after HA drying and to 141.9 mg/g dry extract after IR drying. Overall, the microbial load on the fresh pomace samples was dramatically reduced by IR heating, with a reduction of more than 99.9% when the pomaces were dried using IR at a temperature higher than 130°C. However, this high temperature of IR led to a significant reduction of DPPH antiradical scavenge activity for ‘Edelweiss’ pomace (p < .05). This study shows that using the IR approach, cold‐hardy ‘Edelweiss’ and ‘Marquette’ grape pomaces can be efficiently dried with the antioxidant activity maintained, which could be used in a variety of food products as a functional ingredient.
The flow of non‐Newtonian fluid in an inclined channel through variable permeability
Authors: Bandi Reddappa , Babu Mallela Sudheer , Sreedharamalle Sreenadh , Putta Durgaprasad
Published: January 2023

A non‐Newtonian fluid's Poiseuille flow in a porous medium with variable inclination and permeability is investigated. Let us assume for the sake of simplification that permeability varies as a quadratic parabolic function form. The porous medium is used by the Brinkman methodology to control the flow. The equations for velocity distribution and mass flow that result from this are evaluated using different input values. This problem describes the effect of inclination, Jeffrey parameter, and variable permeability on the classical Poiseuille flow between parallel plates. This problem can also be treated as an extension of the work of Hamdan and Kamel for non‐Newtonian fluid flow in an inclined channel. Also, the effects of these variables on the variation of mass flux with Jeffrey parameter λ1 is analyzed through graphs, and the skin friction coefficient is analyzed through table values. It is observed that the maximum permeability of the porous medium affects both the mass flow rate and the velocity, which increase with rising λ1 and decrease with rising Ha, respectively.
Application of differential transformation and Hermite wavelet methods for micropolar flow through a permeable channel
Authors: Y Vinod , Raghunatha K. R. , Kumar D. L. Kiran
Published: January 2023

In this study, micropolar fluid flow in a porous channel is investigated using the differential transform method (DTM) and the Hermite wavelet method (HWM). By exploiting Berman's similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The concepts of DTM and HWM are briefly introduced and employed to derive solutions of nonlinear coupled ODEs. Our results compared with solutions already existing in the literature. When we compare DTM and HWM, HWM is more efficient and also requires less time to maintain a higher level of accuracy. The results are presented to study the velocity and microrotation profiles for various physical parameters such as Reynolds number, coupling parameter, spin‐gradient viscosity parameter, and micropolar fluid constant. As an important result, increases in the values of the coupling parameter and micropolar fluid constant have different results in comparison with the spin‐gradient viscosity parameter increasing.
Impact assessment of temporary activities and events
Authors: Enríquez-de-Salamanca Álvaro , Díaz-Sierra Rubén
Published: January 2023

Temporary activities and events may have significant environmental impacts. However, they are often outside the scope of environmental assessment (EA) processes. Environmental requirements in authorization processes of activities are rare, except for some major events in sensitive areas. This article analyzes, first, the environmental impacts of outdoor temporary activities and events through a literature review; all the analyzed activities may have significant negative impacts. Then, the authorization of temporary activities, and their inclusion in EA systems, in a sample of jurisdictions worldwide was analyzed. Applying EA processes is more an exception than a rule for temporary activities. The article discusses the factors that influence activities' impacts, the conflict between precaution and operation, and the benefits and drawbacks of the application of different EA schemes to temporary activities, concluding with some proposals to improve the consideration of environmental aspects in activities' authorization. Before the authorization of activities and events, their environmental impacts should be analyzed and taken into account. This can be achieved through regulations in management plans submitted to strategic EA, through screening processes, or through environmental impact assessment when significant impacts are expected. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1320–1332. © 2023 SETAC
How does institutional cross‐ownership affect firm productivity? The importance of the corporate social responsibility channel
Authors: Nizar Hamza , Hamza Taher , Lakhal Faten
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the effect of institutional cross‐ownership on firm productivity and whether this effect occurs indirectly through corporate social responsibility. Based on a sample of French firms from the 2001–2015 period, we found that institutional cross‐ownership, particularly pressure insensitive cross‐ownership, positively affects firm productivity. This result suggests that the professional knowledge and monitoring experience gained by institutional cross‐owners lead them to increase firm productivity. This positive effect is less pronounced in highly competitive product markets. The results also showed that corporate social responsibility is a channel that allows institutional cross‐owners, particularly pressure insensitive cross‐owners, to influence firm productivity. This result suggests that institutional cross‐owners drive corporate social responsibility investments leading to enhanced firm productivity.
Performance of the INTERGROWTH‐21st and World Health Organization fetal growth charts for the detection of small‐for‐gestational age neonates in Latin America
Authors: Miranda Jezid , Maestre Natalia , Paternina‐Caicedo Ángel , Parra‐Saavedra Miguel , Caradeux Javier , Sepulveda‐Martinez Álvaro , Pelaez‐Chomba Melisa , Torres Andrés , Parra‐Cordero Mauro , Diaz‐Corvillón Pilar , Gallo Dahiana M. , Santacruz Darío , Rodriguez Nicolás , Sarmiento Andrés , Benavides Jesús A. , Girado Sergio , Rojas‐Suarez José A. , Gratacós Eduard , Figueras Francesc
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate the performance of INTERGROWTH‐21st (IG‐21st) and World Health Organization (WHO) fetal growth charts to identify small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) neonates, as well as their specific risks for adverse neonatal outcomes.

Methods

Multicenter cross‐sectional study including 67 968 live births from 10 maternity units across four Latin American countries. According to each standard, neonates were classified as SGA and FGR (birth weight <10th and less than third centiles, respectively). The relative risk (RR) and diagnostic performance for a low APGAR score and low ponderal index were calculated for each standard.

Results

WHO charts identified more neonates as SGA than IG‐21st (13.9% vs 7%, respectively). Neonates classified as having FGR by both standards had the highest RR for a low APGAR (RR, 5.57 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.99–7.78]), followed by those who were SGA by both curves (RR, 3.27 [95% CI, 2.52–4.24]), while neonates with SGA identified by WHO alone did not have an additional risk (RR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.55–1.39]). Furthermore, the diagnostic odds ratio for a low APGAR was higher when IG‐21st was used.

Conclusion

In a population from Latin America, the WHO charts seem to identify more SGA neonates, but the diagnostic performance of the IG‐21st charts for low APGAR score and low ponderal index is better.
Asymptomatic total uterine torsion led by unbalanced dense pelvic adhesions presented in a twin pregnancy
Authors: Wang Shin‐Yi , Mao Shih‐Peng
Published: January 2023

Synopsis

Early diagnosis and recognition of altered anatomy are key to reduce maternal and fetal risks in asymptomatic uterine torsion.
Serum Raman spectroscopy can be used to screen patients with early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lian Tianxing , Liu Gang , Qu Bo , Xia Xun , Yang Zixuan , Wang Liping , Huang Lin , Wang Xiaokai
Published: January 2023

In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the serum of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to explore the screening value of Raman spectroscopy in patients with early RA. A total of 216 patients were included in the study. Fasting venous blood was collected for routine biochemical detection, and the remaining samples were tested by serum Raman spectroscopy. Support vector machine was used for model building and training. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the model were as follows: (1) healthy group versus early RA group: 0.860, (2) healthy group versus non‐early RA group: 0.903, and (3) early RA group versus non‐early RA group: 0.918. This study shows that serum Raman spectroscopy has a good ability to screen RA and can be staged according to the course of the disease, which can provide new ideas and technical support for the diagnosis or screening of early RA.
Sclerostin Influences Exercise-Induced Adaptations in Body Composition and White Adipose Tissue Morphology in Male Mice
Authors: Kurgan Nigel , Stoikos Joshua , Baranowski Bradley J. , Yumol Jenalyn , Dhaliwal Roopan , Sweezey-Munroe Jake B. , Fajardo Val A. , Gittings William , Macpherson Rebecca E.K. , Klentrou Panagiota
Published: January 2023

Sclerostin is an inhibitor of the osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that also has an endocrine role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. Additionally, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) sclerostin content decreases following exercise training (EXT). Therefore, we hypothesized that EXT-induced reductions in adipose tissue sclerostin may play a role in regulating adaptations in body composition and whole-body metabolism. To test this hypothesis, 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were either sedentary (SED) or performing 1 hour of treadmill running at ~65% to 70% maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) 5 day/week (EXT) for 4 weeks and had subcutaneous injections of either saline (C) or recombinant sclerostin (S) (0.1 mg/kg body mass) 5 day/week; thus, making four groups (SED-C, EXT-C, SED-S, and EXT-S; n = 12/group). No differences in body mass were observed between experimental groups, whereas food intake was higher in EXT (p = 0.03) and S (p = 0.08) groups. There was a higher resting energy expenditure in all groups compared to SED-C. EXT-C had increased lean mass and decreased fat mass percentage compared to SED-C and SED-S. No differences in body composition were observed in either the SED-S or EXT-S groups. Lower scWAT (inguinal), epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) (visceral epididymal) mass, and scWAT adipocyte cell size and increased percentage of multilocular cells in scWAT were observed in the EXT-C group compared to SED-C, whereas lower eWAT was only observed in the EXT-S group. EXT mice had increased scWAT low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) and mitochondrial content and sclerostin treatment only inhibited increased Lrp4 content with EXT. Together, these results provide evidence that reductions in resting sclerostin with exercise training may influence associated alterations in energy metabolism and body composition, particularly in scWAT. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Construction of atrial fibrillation‐related circRNA/lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network and analysis of potential biomarkers
Authors: Wen Jia‐le , Ruan Zhong‐bao , Wang Fei , Chen Ge‐cai , Zhu Jun‐guo , Ren Yin , Zhu Li
Published: January 2023

Background

The specific pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the expression of differential messenger RNAs (mRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long‐stranded noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to initially construct a circRNA/lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA ceRNA regulatory network to explore the pathogenesis of AF and to screen for potential biomarkers.

Methods

A total of four pairs of AF cases and healthy subjects were selected to detect differentially expressed mRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by microarray analysis. And 20 pairs of peripheral blood from AF patients and healthy subjects were selected for validation of mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR).The relevant ceRNA networks were constructed by GO and KEGG and correlation analysis.

Results

The results showed that compared with healthy subjects, there were 813 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in peripheral blood monocytes of AF, including 445 upregulated genes and 368 downregulated genes, 120 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), including 65 upregulated and 55 downregulated, 912 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), including 531 upregulated and 381 downregulated lncRNAs. GO and KEGG analysis of DERNA revealed the biological processes and pathways involved in AF. Based on microarray data and predicted miRNAs, a ceRNA network containing 34 mRNAs, 212 circRNAs, 108 lncRNAs, and 38 miRNAs was constructed.

Conclusion

We revealed a novel ceRNA network in AF and showed that downregulated XIST, circRNA_2773, and CADM1 were negatively correlated with miR‐486‐5p expression and had a potential targeting relationship with miR‐486‐5p.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in the mountainous regions of southern China: A retrospective single‐center study
Authors: Deng Qiaoting , Lin Lifang , Guo Wei , Deng Xunwei , Zhang Qunji , Hou Jingyuan
Published: January 2023

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health issue worldwide. Moreover, its prevalence varies significantly in different geographic areas of China. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV infection among Hakka pregnant women in Meizhou, a remote mountainous region in southern China.

Methods

This research was performed between January 2015 and December 2020. In total, 16,727 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Meizhou People's Hospital were included in the analysis. All pregnant women were screened for serum HBV markers.

Results

The prevalence rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody positivity among the participants were 11.74% (n = 1964) and 48.00% (n = 8029), respectively. The overall prevalence rates of susceptibility to infection, HBV immunity, previous/occult infection, inactive HBsAg carrier, and active infection were 36.16%, 33.61%, 16.94%, 8.11%, and 2.30%, respectively. According to age distribution, the prevalence rate of HBsAg positivity elevated concomitantly with increasing age (p < 0.001). From 2015 to 2020, the prevalence rate of HBsAg positivity decreased from 14.50% to 8.19% and that of hepatitis B pre‐core antigen positivity from 4.42% to 2.31%. In addition, pregnant women with HBsAg‐positive status were more likely to present with gestational diabetes, thrombocytopenia, and anemia than those with HBsAg‐negative status.

Conclusion

The HBV infection rate remains high among pregnant women in the indigenous Hakka population in southern China. To prevent vertical transmission, cautious surveillance of maternal HBV infection status should be considered in Hakka pregnant women in Meizhou.
Mitochondria transplant therapy improves regeneration and restoration of injured skeletal muscle
Authors: Alway Stephen E. , Paez Hector G. , Pitzer Christopher R. , Ferrandi Peter J. , Khan Mohammad Moshahid , Mohamed Junaith S. , Carson James A. , Deschenes Michael R.
Published: January 2023

Background

Injection of exogenous mitochondria has been shown to improve the ischaemia‐damaged myocardium, but the effect of mitochondrial transplant therapy (MTT) to restore skeletal muscle mass and function has not been tested following neuromuscular injury. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that MTT would improve the restoration of muscle function after injury.

Methods

BaCl2 was injected into the gastrocnemius muscle of one limb of 8–12‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice to induce damage without injury to the resident stem cells. The contralateral gastrocnemius muscle was injected with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and served as the non‐injured intra‐animal control. Mitochondria were isolated from donor mice. Donor mitochondria were suspended in PBS or PBS without mitochondria (sham treatment) and injected into the tail vein of BaCl2 injured mice 24 h after the initial injury. Muscle repair was examined 7, 14 and 21 days after injury.

Results

MTT did not increase systemic inflammation in mice. Muscle mass 7 days following injury was 21.9 ± 2.1% and 17.4 ± 1.9% lower (P < 0.05) in injured as compared with non‐injured intra‐animal control muscles in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS)‐ and MTT‐treated animals, respectively. Maximal plantar flexor muscle force was significantly lower in injured as compared with uninjured muscles of PBS‐treated (−43.4 ± 4.2%, P < 0.05) and MTT‐treated mice (−47.7 ± 7.3%, P < 0.05), but the reduction in force was not different between the experimental groups. The percentage of collagen and other non‐contractile tissue in histological muscle cross sections, was significantly greater in injured muscles of PBS‐treated mice (33.2 ± 0.2%) compared with MTT‐treated mice (26.5 ± 0.2%) 7 days after injury. Muscle wet weight and maximal muscle force from injured MTT‐treated mice had recovered to control levels by 14 days after the injury. However, muscle mass and force had not improved in PBS‐treated animals by 14 days after injury. The non‐contractile composition of the gastrocnemius muscle tissue cross sections was not different between control, repaired PBS‐treated and repaired MTT‐treated mice 14 days after injury. By 21 days following injury, PBS‐treated mice had fully restored gastrocnemius muscle mass of the injured muscle to that of the uninjured muscle, although maximal plantar flexion force was still 19.4 ± 3.7% (P < 0.05) lower in injured/repaired gastrocnemius as compared with uninjured intra‐animal control muscles.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that systemic mitochondria delivery can enhance the rate of muscle regeneration and restoration of muscle function following injury.
Association ofMRIFeatures and Adverse Maternal Outcome in Patients With Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders After Abdominal Aortic Balloon Occlusion
Authors: Lu Tao , Wu Mingpeng , Wang Yishuang , Li Mou , Li Hang , Zhang Feng , Yi Yuan , Zhu Meilin , Zhao Xinyi
Published: January 2023

Background

MRI features may be associated with adverse maternal outcome in patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders even with abdominal aortic balloon occlusion (AABO).

Purpose

This study aimed to identify risk factors of MRI for association with adverse maternal outcome in patients with PAS disorders after AABO.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Clinical and MRI features of 80 patients were retrospectively reviewed from October 2016 to August 2021. A total of 40 patients had adverse maternal outcomes including intrapartum/peripartum bleeding >1000 mL and/or emergency hysterectomy after AABO.

Sequence

Half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo and gradient echo imaging True fast imaging with steady‐state precession (True‐FISP) at 1.5T MR scanner.

Assessment

MRI features were evaluated by three radiologists and were tested for any association with adverse maternal outcome.

Statistical Tests

Interobserver agreement was calculated with kappa (k) statistics. Association between MRI features and adverse maternal outcomes were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. A nomogram was constructed based on the logistic regression.

Results

The interobserver agreement ranged from fair to substantial (k = 0.379–0.783). Multivariate analyses revealed that short cervical length (OR: 4.344), abnormal intraplacental vascularity (OR: 6.005), placental bulge (OR: 9.085), and myometrial interruption (OR: 9.550) were independent risk factors for adverse maternal outcomes. The combination of four risk factors together demonstrated the highest AUC of 0.851 (95% CI 0.769–0.933) with a sensitivity and specificity of 77.5% and 72.5%, respectively and then a nomogram composed of the above four risk factors was constructed to represent the probability of adverse maternal outcome.

Data Conclusion

The nomogram demonstrated the association between MRI features and patient's poor outcome after undergoing AABO and C‐section delivery for PAS.

Evidence Level

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Microglia innate immune response contributes to the antiviral defense and blood–CSF barrier function in human choroid plexus organoids during HSV‐1 infection
Authors: Qiao Haowen , Chiu Yuanpu , Liang Xinyan , Xia Shangzhou , Ayrapetyan Mariam , Liu Siqi , He Cuiling , Song Ruocen , Zeng Jianxiong , Deng Xiangxue , Yuan Weiming , Zhao Zhen
Published: January 2023

The choroid plexus (ChP) is the source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The ChP–CSF system not only provides the necessary cushion for the brain but also works as a sink for waste clearance. During sepsis, pathogens and host immune cells can weaken the ChP barrier and enter the brain, causing cerebral dysfunctions known as sepsis‐associated encephalophagy. Here, we used human ChP organoid (ChPO) to model herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection and found ChP epithelial cells were highly susceptible to HSV‐1. Since the current ChPO model lacks a functional innate immune component, particularly microglia, we next developed a new microglia‐containing ChPO model, and found microglia could effectively limit HSV‐1 infection and protect epithelial barrier in ChPOs. Furthermore, we found the innate immune cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)–STING pathway and its downstream interferon response were essential, as cGAS inhibitor RU.512 or STING inhibitor H‐151 abolished microglia antiviral function and worsened ChP barrier in organoids. These results together indicated that cGAS–STING pathway coordinates antiviral response in ChP and contributes to treating sepsis or related neurological conditions.