bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between irregular daily routine and risk of incident stroke and coronary heart disease in a large Japanese population
Authors: Yoshizaki Takahiro , Ishihara Junko , Kotemori Ayaka , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Saito Isao , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Iso Hiroyasu , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   The JPHC Study Group
Published: September 2022

Circadian misalignments have been linked to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, the association between irregular daily routine and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unknown. We examined this association in a prospective study in Japan. The study included 78,115 Japanese participants aged 45–74 years. The self-reported daily routine was evaluated using the question, ‘Is your daily routine or activity schedule regular?’ The response (yes/no) was obtained as a binary variable. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between an irregular daily routine and CVD incidence risk. Among the participants, 23.7% reported an irregular daily routine. During the mean follow-up period of 13.3 years, we observed 4641 CVD events. An irregular daily routine was significantly associated with increased risks of CVD and total stroke in women, but not in men. This positive association between an irregular daily routine and the risk of CVD was weak in the high vegetable and fruit consuming population. An irregular daily routine is positively associated with the risk of incident CVD, especially in women. These associations may be weak in populations that consume a diet rich in vegetables and fruits.
Effect of surgical mask on fMRI signals during task and rest
Authors: Klugah-Brown Benjamin , Yu Yue , Hu Peng , Agoalikum Elijah , Liu Congcong , Liu Xiqin , Yang Xi , Zeng Yixu , Zhou Xinqi , Yu Xin , Rypma Bart , Michael Andrew M. , Li Xiaobo , Becker Benjamin , Biswal Bharat
Published: September 2022

Wearing a face mask has become essential to contain the spread of COVID-19 and has become mandatory when collecting fMRI data at most research institutions. Here, we investigate the effects of wearing a surgical mask on fMRI data in n = 37 healthy participants. Activations during finger tapping, emotional face matching, working memory tasks, and rest were examined. Preliminary fMRI analyses show that despite the different mask states, resting-state signals and task activations were relatively similar. Resting-state functional connectivity showed negligible attenuation patterns in mask-on compared with mask-off. Task-based ROI analysis also demonstrated no significant difference between the two mask states under each contrast investigated. Notwithstanding the overall insignificant effects, these results indicate that wearing a face mask during fMRI has little to no significant effect on resting-state and task activations.
Identification of Δ-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate derived biomarkers for hyperprolinemia type II
Authors: Merx Jona , van Outersterp Rianne E. , Engelke Udo F. H. , Hendriks Veronique , Wevers Ron A. , Huigen Marleen C. D. G. , Waterval Huub W. A. H. , Körver-Keularts Irene M. L. W. , Mecinović Jasmin , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Oomens Jos , Coene Karlien L. M. , Martens Jonathan , Boltje Thomas J.
Published: September 2022

Hyperprolinemia type II (HPII) is an inborn error of metabolism due to genetic variants in ALDH4A1, leading to a deficiency in Δ-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) dehydrogenase. This leads to an accumulation of toxic levels of P5C, an intermediate in proline catabolism. The accumulating P5C spontaneously reacts with, and inactivates, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, a crucial cofactor for many enzymatic processes, which is thought to be the pathophysiological mechanism for HPII. Here, we describe the use of a combination of LC-QTOF untargeted metabolomics, NMR spectroscopy and infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) to identify and characterize biomarkers for HPII that result of the spontaneous reaction of P5C with malonic acid and acetoacetic acid. We show that these biomarkers can differentiate between HPI, caused by a deficiency of proline oxidase activity, and HPII. The elucidation of their molecular structures yields insights into the disease pathophysiology of HPII.
The conservation of human functional variants and their effects across livestock species
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Talenti Andrea , Fang Lingzhao , Liu Shuli , Liu George , Chue Hong Neil P. , Tenesa Albert , Hassan Musa , Prendergast James G. D.
Published: September 2022

Despite the clear potential of livestock models of human functional variants to provide important insights into the biological mechanisms driving human diseases and traits, their use to date has been limited. Generating such models via genome editing is costly and time consuming, and it is unclear which variants will have conserved effects across species. In this study we address these issues by studying naturally occurring livestock models of human functional variants. We show that orthologues of over 1.6 million human variants are already segregating in domesticated mammalian species, including several hundred previously directly linked to human traits and diseases. Models of variants linked to particular phenotypes, including metabolomic disorders and height, are preferentially shared across species, meaning studying the genetic basis of these phenotypes is particularly tractable in livestock. Using machine learning we demonstrate it is possible to identify human variants that are more likely to have an existing livestock orthologue, and, importantly, we show that the effects of functional variants are often conserved in livestock, acting on orthologous genes with the same direction of effect. Consequently, this work demonstrates the substantial potential of naturally occurring livestock carriers of orthologues of human functional variants to disentangle their functional impacts.
Cities leading hydrogen energy development: the pledges and strategies of 39 Chinese cities
Authors: Peng Yuan , Bai Xuemei
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen energy from renewables has the potential to address climate challenges, and technological advancements are vital for driving this energy transition. Globally, an increasing number of cities are actively adopting hydrogen strategies. The literature on the urban sustainability transition primarily focuses on policy innovations for technology adoption, while the role of cities in enabling technological innovation is underexplored. Here, we address this gap by analyzing 122 policy documents from 39 Chinese cities with hydrogen plans by using qualitative content analysis methods. The findings reveal myriad and critical roles of cities in fostering technological innovations in an emergent hydrogen economy via targeted policy support and investment in desired technologies. By moving ahead of the national government, these early movers play a critical role in creating early momentum and laying the foundation for future scale transition. Our findings also point to a clear need for these bottom-up initiatives to be better guided and channeled toward clean hydrogen development, as the lack of upper-level policy guidance can lead to diversified priorities and outcomes. Our findings call for renewed research and policy attention to the proactive role of cities in technological innovation and the sustainability transition and they stress the importance of engaging cities in hydrogen economy development nationally and internationally.
Calix[6]arene functionalized lanthanide metal–organic frameworks with boosted performance in identifying an anti-epidemic pharmaceutical
Authors: Yu Lu-Dan , Tong Yuan-Jun , Li Nan , Yang Yating , Ye Pengfei , Ouyang Gangfeng , Zhu Fang
Published: September 2022

A new composite is prepared by using Cx[6] as armour and as an adsorbent to boost water stability, dispersibility and detection ability.
Molecular dynamics analysis on the effect of grain size on the subsurface crack growth of friction nanocrystalline 6H-SiC
Authors: Yu Dongling , Zhang Huiling , Yi Jiaqi , Zheng Qi , Jiang Zhuting , Wu Nanxing
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the grain size of ceramic materials follows the classical Hall–Petch effect, and the effect of grain boundaries and grains on the subsurface crack propagation of nano-polycrystalline 6H-sic by molecular dynamics.
A theoretical study of laser-induced ultrafast spin dynamics in trigonal monopyramidal iron and nickel complexes
Authors: Liang Xiufang , Yang Jingying , Zhang Yiming , Liu Jing , Li Chun , Lefkidis Georgios , Hübner Wolfgang , Jin Wei
Published: September 2022

A schematic illustration of the laser-induced reversible ultrafast spin crossover and the combined charge transfer and spin bifurcation achieved in complexes [Rt-BuTM]− (R = tpa/tcma, TM = Fe/Ni).
The mechanism of sulfate on a nitrate denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation system
Authors: Lou Juqing , Jin Hao , Li Jiaping , Lv Jiao , Xu Fan , Wang Ruyi
Published: September 2022

The effects of sulfate on nitrate-DAMO was studied. The intermediate products of the nitrate-DAMO process were analyzed. The abundance of ANME-2d archaea was greatly affected by sulfate.
Novel tributyl phosphate-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent: application in simultaneous liquid–liquid microextraction of parabens and their metabolite in surface water samples
Authors: Cao Jiangping , Liu Yuwen , Zhao Faqiong
Published: September 2022

Novel tributyl phosphate-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent: application in simultaneous liquid–liquid microextraction of parabens and their metabolite in surface water samples.
Induction of embryogenic development in haploid microspore stem cells in droplet-based microfluidics
Authors: Richter Felix , Chen Minqian , Schaub Patrick , Wüst Florian , Zhang Di , Schneider Steffen , Groß G. Alexander , Mäder Patrick , Dovzhenko Oleksandr , Palme Klaus , Köhler J. Michael , Cao Jialan
Published: September 2022

A microfluidic setup for consistent generation of droplets containing microspores was developed. Androgenesis and growth with final embryo formation can be induced. The system further enables dose–response studies, as shown with trichostatin A.
Cathepsin B as a target in cancer therapy and imaging
Authors: Shen Yikai , Li Xin
Published: September 2022

Cysteine cathepsins are important proteases that play important roles in physiological and pathological processes and have the potential to be target candidates for disease diagnosis and treatment.
A new organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite ferroelectric [ClCH2CH2N(CH3)3][PbBr3] and Its PVDF matrix-assisted highly-oriented flexible ferroelectric films
Authors: Li Duo-Fu , Zhao Peng-Ju , Deng Xiang-Hong , Wu Yao-Zhen , He Xiao-Li , Liu Dong-Sheng , Li Yong-Xiu , Sui Yan
Published: September 2022

A hybrid perovskite with dielectric, SHG, and ferroelectric triple transitions was tailored into highly-oriented films using PVDF matrix-assisted in situ growth.
Visible-light-enhanced hydrogen evolution from catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane using Ru nanoparticles supported on CdS-modified graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Wei Lei , Zhang Yani , Liu Jingyang , Li Yepei , Lu Yanhong , Liu Hongyan
Published: September 2022

A high-efficiency composite photocatalyst, Ru/CdS/C3N4, was successfully synthesized for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane under visible-light irradiation.
Assigning the stereochemical structures of aurantinin A and B with the assistance of biosynthetic investigations
Authors: Wang Dacheng , Li Pengwei , Yan Jia-Lei , Mao Huijin , Liu Lilu , Wang Min , Chen Meng , Ye Tao , Chen Yihua
Published: September 2022

The stereochemistry of aurantinin was determined by spectroscopic and computational analysis with the assistance of biosynthetic studies. The latter method provided critical evidence for the assignment of the configuration of the 3-ketosugar moiety.
A methylcellulose/agarose hydrogel as an innovative scaffold for tissue engineering
Authors: Niemczyk-Soczynska Beata , Gradys Arkadiusz , Kolbuk Dorota , Krzton-Maziopa Anna , Rogujski Piotr , Stanaszek Luiza , Lukomska Barbara , Sajkiewicz Pawel
Published: September 2022

Agarose addition to a methylcellulose (MC) solution accelerates MC thermal crosslinking, enhances mechanical properties, provides an ECM-mimicking environment, and allows homogenous cell infiltration into hydrogel volume.
Collecting differently sized particles on water surface by maneuvering pedal waves on the foot of the water snail Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Huang Zexiang , Yang Hao , Xu Ke , Wu Jianing , Zhang Jinxiu
Published: September 2022

A combined experimental and theoretical investigation analyzing the dynamics of food intake by the water snail, justifying the feeding strategy of collecting larger particles with increased amplitudes, is presented.
Correlating Perceptual Voice Quality in Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia With Computer Vision Assessment of Glottal Geometry Dynamics
Authors: Peterson Quinn A. , Fei Teng , Sy Lauren E. , Froeschke Laura L.O. , Mendelsohn Abie H. , Berke Gerald S. , Peterson David A.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

This study examined the relationship between voice quality and glottal geometry dynamics in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD).

Method:

An objective computer vision and machine learning system was developed to extract glottal geometry dynamics from nasolaryngoscopic video recordings for 78 patients with ADSD. General regression models were used to examine the relationship between overall voice quality and 15 variables that capture glottal geometry dynamics derived from the computer vision system. Two experts in ADSD independently rated voice quality for two separate voice tasks for every patient, yielding four different voice quality rating models.

Results:

All four of the regression models exhibited positive correlations with clinical assessments of voice quality (
R
2
s = .30–.34, Spearman rho = .55–.61, all with
p
< .001). Seven to 10 variables were included in each model. There was high overlap in the variables included between the four models, and the sign of the correlation with voice quality was consistent for each variable across all four regression models.

Conclusion:

We found specific glottal geometry dynamics that correspond to voice quality in ADSD.
Microstructural analysis of biowaste‐derived hydroxyapatite‐chitosan nanocomposites
Authors: Shah Sambridhi , Joshi Rajendra , Rai Nelson , Adhikari Rameshwar , Pandit Rajesh
Published: September 2022

In recent years, considerable attention is given in various nanomaterials development using biodegradable wastes for establishing more eco‐friendly technologies. Due to the biocompatible, biodegradable, and non‐toxic nature hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan (CS) are highly studied in recent times. In this research work, HAp and CS were synthesized in a nanometric range using the bio‐wastes obtained from chicken bones and pila shells, respectively. In addition, HAp/CS nanocomposites were also prepared through the co‐precipitation method in various weight ratios. The synthesized nanomaterials and nanocomposites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD pattern analysis revealed the hexagonal crystalline structure of HAp and orthorhombic crystallite structure of CS with crystallite sizes of 40.52 and 39.51 nm, respectively. The physical parameters such as d‐spacing, dislocation density, stacking fault probability, and lattice strain of HAp and CS were also analyzed. The FTIR spectra analysis confirmed the formation of HAp and CS. Likewise, the broadening and weakening of the chemical bond between two phases of HAp and CS indicated the bond formation and compatibility between HAp and CS.
The spins of stripped B stars support magnetic internal angular momentum transport
Authors: Schürmann C. , Langer N. , Xu X. , Wang C.
Published: September 2022

In order to predict the spins of stellar remnants we need to understand the evolution of the internal rotation of stars, and to identify at which stage the rotation of the contracting cores of evolved stars decouples from their expanding envelopes. The donor stars of mass transferring binaries lose almost their entire envelope and may thus offer a direct view on their core rotation. After the mass transfer event they contract and fade rapidly, although they are well observable when caught in the short-lived B-star phase. The B-type primary of the galactic binary system LB-1, which was originally suggested to contain a massive black hole, is nicely explained as a stripped star accompanied by a fainter Be star. The narrow absorption lines in the primary’s spectrum signify extremely slow rotation, atypical of B-type main-sequence stars. Here we investigate the evolution of mass donors in generic grids of detailed binary evolution models, where both stars include differential rotation, internal angular momentum transport, and spin-orbit coupling. Whereas the mass gainers are typically spun-up during the mass transfer, we find that the spins of the stripped donor models depend sensitively on the employed mechanism for internal angular momentum transport. Purely hydrodynamic transport cannot explain the observed slow rotation, while models including magnetic angular momentum transport are able to reproduce the observed rotation of LB-1 and similar stars, independent of the initial rotation rate. In such models the spin of the white dwarfs that emerge at the end of the evolution is independent of the mass stripping. We find evidence that the mass transfer in LB-1 was moderately non-conservative.
Use of fat-soluble vitamins and feed additives in cow diets
Authors: Golovey V. V. , Vyayzenen G. N. , Golovey A. V.
Published: September 2022

The authors have created modern effective methods for controlling the vitamin content of highly productive lactating cows during the first period of lactation. The results were obtained on the content of vitamins in the diet, milk and blood when feeding with supplements Vitaminol and phytocomplex at 10, 15 and 20 g per animal unit daily separately and with mixed feed. The authors monitored the levels of vitamins A, carotene, D and E in cow's milk and serum. Scientific research was carried out for the agricultural enterprise "Novgorodsky Becon" of the Novgorod region. The cows ration was balanced by 50 nutrients and biologically active substances in accordance with the recommendations for animal feeding (Moscow, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2003). Studies of the content of vitamins were carried out using the silage-concentration type of ration fed to lactating black-and-white cows in conditions without grazing. We conducted 2 scientific experiments and 2 physiological experiments with cows during the first 100 days of their lactation. The increase in the level of vitamin A in milk and blood was due to the use of feed additives in the diets. The use of feed additives increased the vitamin D levels in milk and serum. The balance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in cows is positive. The use of "Vitaminol" together with compound feeds increased the level of calcium by 5.6 6.3 and phosphorus by 4.4 4.9 grams per 1 kg of milk with the natural fat content. The diets were admixed with the "Vitaminol" and phytocomplex ratio of Ca: P (1.3: 1) and Na: K (0.2: 1). With the same doses of feed additives, the ratio of acid and alkaline elements in the diets was the same: Vitaminol was 0.743 and phytocomplex was 0.709. Due to the use of "Vitaminol", the concentration of vitamin E in milk is 4.6-6 times higher than that in the control group, in blood and blood serum.
Improved technology elements of table carrot cultivation in the Volgograd region
Authors: Belyaev A I , Pugacheva A M , Borovoy E P , Petrov N Yu , Aksenov M P
Published: September 2022

During the period of field research to find ways to improve the elements of table carrot cultivation technology, we proposed a comprehensive resource-saving technology for the cultivation of carrot root crops on drip irrigation in the Lower Volga region. A hypothesis was put forward to increase the productivity and quality of table carrots through the use of new generation biological products and fertigation of crops using drip irrigation. The research program included a comparative assessment of the zoned table carrot variety Shantane (control) and promising Red Core and Santa Cruz hybrids, which belong to the same early maturity group. For this, mineral fertilizers were calculated in doses for the planned yields of 90, 110, and 130 t/ha, using drip irrigation. Biological preparations Agriful (concentration 3 and 4 l/ha) and Fertigrain Foliar (concentration 1.3 l/ha) were used, in addition, to their complex use together with mineral fertilizers.
Simulation modeling of the machine and tractor fleet to improve the technical base of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Dokin Boris , Aletdinova Anna , Zheshko Alexander
Published: September 2022

Modernization of the technical base of the agro-industrial base of the agro-industrial complex should be based on a scientific approach and the use of modern tools. In the article, the authors consider the possibilities of simulation modeling as an addition to the implementation of the task of optimizing the composition of the machine and tractor fleet, for example, to smooth out the peaks of loading of agricultural aggregates. The advantage of simulation models is the possibility of taking into account a large number of factors, the use of nonlinear dependencies between variables, its numerous runs when varying parameters, determining the degree of influence of predicted deviations of production conditions on the value of resource potential at the basic values of the system parameters. This provides estimates of the stability of these parameters and their adequacy to the functioning environment. The authors highlighted the advantages of using simulation modeling tools in the modernization and formation of an optimal agricultural machinery and tractor fleet of an agricultural organization. Modern software products can be divided according to the type of simulation model implementation: system dynamics, discrete-event and agent modeling. When considering the general requirements for the simulation model of the formation of a machine and tractor fleet, special attention is paid to verification. This implies the process of verifying the use of the formed composition of equipment by means of running a simulation model. Adequacy, integrity, informativeness, simplicity, scalability are the main requirements for the simulation model. The authors have identified the input and output parameters of the run of the simulation model of the formation of a machine and tractor fleet. Verification guarantees that the model is checked for compliance with the general requirements for a set of machines. Running the simulation model will allow you to adjust the production plan depending on the technological and technical availability, as well as the selected level of production intensification.
Anti-erosion reclaim development and its economic efficiency
Authors: Khismatullin Marcel , Mukhametgaliev Farit , Asadullin Nail , Avkhadiev Fayaz , Ullah Rakhim , Subaeva Asiya , Khismatullin Mars
Published: September 2022

This paper considers the issues of the efficiency of agricultural production in the context of the globalization of the markets for agricultural raw materials and food and the increased competition in this regard. Modern realities and the adopted new Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, adopted in 2020, require an immediate solution to the problems of ensuring the country's food security by increasing the production of high-quality, environmentally friendly, and, most importantly, economically competitive agricultural products, which is not possible without intensifying production processes. However, the pursuit of high yields and high efficiency of agricultural commodity production often leads to the degradation of the prickly factor of production, namely, land. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the level of land degradation in the Republic of Tatarstan and identifies priority areas for combating erosion in agriculture. Measures to combat soil erosion are experimentally substantiated. The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that they can not only contribute to the development of the agro-industrial complex and other sectors of the economy, improve soil fertility, the dynamic growth of agricultural products, reduce the disposal of agricultural land and create new jobs but also ensure the preservation and restoration of the Volga River. The results show that the ecological efficiency of one anti-erosion structure in combination with soil protection measures protects an average of 120 hectares of land from further development of erosion processes and is economically paid off by the results of two years of economic activity on protected lands.
Effect of the Bacillus subtilis-based drug on the morphobiochemical and productive parameters of young goats
Authors: Molyanova Galina , Semkina Oksana
Published: September 2022

The effect of Extrasol based on Bacillus subtilis (Bisolby-Inter LLC) on the physiological, biochemical and productive parameters of young goats of the Zaanen breed was studied. The research and production experience were carried out on the 20 Zaanen goats on the Peasant Farm “Semkina O.V.” in the Samara Region. The biological effect of the drug Extrasol is due to adsorption properties, the ability to enhance the activity of enzyme systems and increase intestinal and general immunity of the body. The use of the drug increases the intensity of anabolic processes in the body of animals: the amount of total protein in the blood serum of goats of the experimental group at 120 and daily age was higher than 9.7% (r≤0,05), albumins ˗ by 33% (r≤0,001), compared with control animals. The blood glucose content of 120-day-old goats of the experimental group was 11.2% higher (r≤0,05) relative to control data.
Designing structured food systems with a specified set of qualitative characteristics based on soy
Authors: Kupchak Daria , Lyubimova Olga , Kalenik Tatyana , Dotsenko Sergey , Skripko Olga
Published: September 2022

The article proposes a method for inactivating the anti-nutritional factors of vegetable soy proteins by biological modification. It was carried out by germinating soy seeds in a mineralized medium, resulting in a decrease in trypsin-inhibiting activity and saturation of soy seeds with minerals. The change in the chemical composition of soy seeds is presented. Sprouted soybean seeds were later used for food production. Studies are presented on the basis of which a technology for obtaining structured food systems from soy has been developed, including operations for joint disintegration and extraction, pre-soaked soybean seeds and crushed fresh beet or pumpkin in a ratio of 1:1, separation of the resulting mixture, coagulation with 5% ascorbic acid solution, separation from whey, granulation and drying. The remaining whey was used to make drinks and sauces. Based on the analysis of mathematical models, the optimal parameters of coagulation of the protein-suspension system were determined. The mass fraction of ascorbic acid solution is 13.4-14.05%, the concentration of ascorbic acid solution – 4.7-5.4%, the duration of coagulation – 5.3-5.5 min, the optimal temperature of coagulation – 66.1-66.7 ° C and granulate drying: the initial moisture content of granules – 36.7-40.0%; drying temperature – 71.5-72.9 ° C; drying duration – 58-63 min., the strength of the obtained granules – 94.5-96.9%. Analysis of the chemical composition of the developed soy-vegetable food systems showed that the proposed technology allowed increasing the protein content to 26.4%, fat to 7%, dietary fiber to 8.6%, which exceeds similar indicators for dried vegetable concentrates existing on the market.
Theoretical justification of the parameters of the device for vertical measurement of soil hardness
Authors: Gridneva Tatyana S. , Mashkov Sergey V. , Vasiliev Sergey I. , Syrkin Vladimir A. , Kryuchin Pavel V.
Published: September 2022

When evaluating tillage machines, one of the important places is occupied by agrotechnical assessment of the quality of the technological process of tillage. The properties of the soil as an object of cultivation, as well as the processes occurring during the interaction of the soil with any materials, are studied by agricultural mechanics, created by V.P. Goryachkin. One of the most important characteristics of the soil condition is the hardness of the soil, or the resistance provided by the soil to the penetration of any deformer into it. This article describes the forces and stresses that occur when the plunger penetrates into the soil. According to the theoretical provisions, friction force F, drag force Q, total force P, stresses σ1 and hardness T are calculated, theoretical dependences of soil hardness on the tip diameter on compacted and loose soil are given.
Postfire dynamics of standing dead tree stock in northern boreal forests
Authors: Mukhortova Liudmila , Krivobokov Leonid , Schepaschenko Dmitry
Published: September 2022

Wildfire is one of the main forest disturbing factors in the boreal zone of Siberia that can cause significant changes in tree stands dynamics. Tree mortality caused by fire can significantly increase a standing dead tree pool that is one of the poorly studied components of forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was assessing of post-fire changes in the standing dead tree pool in northern boreal larch forests of Central Siberia (Russia). We analyzed dynamics of the standing dead tree stock on experimental plots, which were affected by wildfire of moderate severity in 2013. The stock of standing dead trees was measured on these plots before and 1, 2, and 7 years after the fire. It was found that about half of the pre-fire standing dead trees fall down during the first year after the fire. At the same time, tree mortality caused by the fire significantly contributed to the total standing dead tree stock in these ecosystems. Our study showed that a significant part of the pre-fire standing dead trees and trees killed by fire can remain standing after the moderate severity fire. This standing dead wood conserves carbon for a long time.
Modular microwave unit for heat treatment of raw materials at factory-farm enterprises
Authors: Prosviryakova M. V. , Ziganshin B. G. , Shogenov Y. K. , Mikhailova O. V. , Tikhonov A. A.
Published: September 2022

The objective of the work is to develop a microwave unit with removable modules for continuous heat treatment and disinfection of animal-derived raw materials of different structures with resonators, providing electromagnetic safety without shielding and high electric field intensity with reduced operating costs while preserving the feeding value of the product. The study includes 3D modeling of resonators for each module using CST Microwave Studio software and multi-criteria evaluation of regression models of process parameters, allowing one to estimate the feeding value of the product. The first module is designed for heat treatment of secondary animal-derived raw materials, including frozen blocks of meat waste. There are modules can be installed simultaneously or separately in the microwave unit, depending on demand and available raw materials. All modules are removable and easy to clean after completion of heat treatment, and the source block is closed and is subject only to maintenance inspection. Studies of electromagnetic safety for the perforated cylindrical resonator were performed. The operating modes of the second module were found, the duration of defrosting and heating of the animal colostrum was 10–15 min with the generator power of 4.8 kW and energy costs of 0.18–0.20 kW·h/kg.
Analysis of market prospects for bakery products based on the ranking of bakery producers in the region
Authors: Shikhova Oksana , Golubeva Svetlana , Shilova Irina , Selina Marina , Dyakova Natalya
Published: September 2022

According to the result of the study based on a comprehensive multidimensional comparative assessment and rating of Vologda enterprises – producers of bakery products participating in the system of voluntary certification of food products "Real Vologda Product", the authors have analyzed the prospects for the development of this industry in the region. They used the following research methods: questionnaire survey methods, comparative overall assessment, and rating assessment. The study is based on the results of a specially organized marketing survey of consumer preferences. This article presents key aspects of the authors' comprehensive assessment of commodity producers based on the analysis of economic potential and the position of consumers of products as factors of sustainable development of enterprises. As a validation of the proposed methodology of multidimensional comparative rating, which includes the analysis of the financial condition of the research subjects and assessment of consumer preferences, the researchers carried out a qualitative characterization of the "Real Vologda Product" brand actors engaged in the production of bakery products. The article revealed the structural features of the producers of this commodity group in terms of their influence on the development of the regional bakery market. The study identified the main problems of the economic development of enterprises-producers of bakery products, noted the factors of demand for their products from the local consumer, identified the prospects for sustainable development and stated the ways to solve the problems identified.
Productivity of spring spiked crops when using biological products based on Bacillus subtilis in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Shaikhutdinov Farit , Serzhanov Igor , Serzhanova Albina , Garaev Razil , Semenov Pavel
Published: September 2022

The effectiveness of the use of an experimental strain of Bacillus subtilis RECB-95B in the treatment of seeds of barley and spring wheat against diseases was studied. The growing season during the years of research was favorable for the growth and development of the tested crops. Barley and spring wheat seeds were treated with various doses of the experimental preparation. The scheme of the experiment included: control without seed fertilizing; the industrial biological product Rhizoplane was used as the standard. The smallest development of striped and brown spots on plants was noted on the variant, the seeds of which were treated with the biological product Rhizoplane. Plant damage by net blotch and root rot was minimal in the variant with Bacillus Subtilis RECB-95B 2.0l/t seed treatment. The highest yield of barley and spring wheat in the experiment was achieved with the treatment of seeds with Bacillus Subtilis RECB-95B 2 l/t (3.23 t/ha and 3.47 t/ha).
Features of the granulometric composition and properties of weakly and low-humus agro-gray soils in the Vyatka strip of the forest-steppe zone
Authors: Gaffarova Lilia , Minicaev Ragat , Akhrarova Anastasia , Nikifirova Lilia
Published: September 2022

Statistical parameters of agro-gray soil varieties obtained on the basis of generalization of information are the zero-monitoring cycle in the studied region and serve as reliable criteria for the diagnosis of these soils. Numerical indicators reflect the results of past and current soil processes. In agricultural production, the role of the arable layer with all the properties that determine the level of grain yield is especially important. Thus, in the studied varieties, there is a stable relationship between the amount of silt fraction, food elements, and humus. Thus, the clay variety is characterized by the highest fertility of the arable layer - an average content of mobile potassium (10.5 mg/100 g), an increased content of phosphorus (12.4 mg/100 g), low-concentration of humus (2.9%), close to neutral reaction of the medium (5.8 pH). Comparative analysis of soil formation products in the analyzed soil varieties shows their regular change in morphometric characteristics and properties of soils, reflects the result of soil formation processes, partly-economic activity.
Stimulation factors of innovation activity as an important condition for the effective development of agriculture
Authors: Pinaeva D. A. , Nezhmetdinova F. T. , Zinurova R. I. , Tuzikov A. R.
Published: September 2022

The paper is devoted to the study of urgent problems of innovation activity stimulation on the example of agricultural universities as an important condition for the improvement of the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex and the development of the agricultural industry in general. The ambitious tasks for a significant increase in labor productivity in the agricultural sector, as well as the creation of high-tech jobs are impossible without proper staffing and scientific support. The effective import substitution and maintaining food independence is impossible without the introduction of new technologies, a significant increase in labor productivity in agriculture and the increase in the attractiveness of rural life. These challenges and priorities set the agenda for the formation of requirements for the system of agricultural education and new competencies of youth and teachers. In this regard, the problem of innovative activity of agricultural universities is being updated not only as a source of highly qualified personnel for agriculture, but also as centers for the development of innovations in this area. In paper, it is shown that systemic problems in the field of education are organically linked with the transformations of university science in the second half of the 20th century, when the basic principles and approaches to the organization of scientific research in universities were laid down. It is pointed out that despite numerous attempts to intensify science in agricultural universities, there are a number of constraining factors that affect their potential in the development of innovations in the agricultural sector.
Fucoid seaweeds on the Russian Arctic coast: using traditions and ecological monitoring
Authors: Kapkov V. I. , Shoshina E. V.
Published: September 2022

In recent years, harvest and cultivation of marine biological resources, including commercial seaweeds, has increased significantly. The task of this research was the ecological monitoring of commercial fucoid seaweeds beds in coastal waters of the Barents and White Seas. Data of seasonal supervision at stationary biological station and materials of expedition works on Murmansk coast were analyzed. The species, age, generative and spatial structures of fucoid populations in different biotopes of the littoral were studied. It was found that species composition of phytocenoses and quantitative parameters of commercial fucoids varied significantly in open and closed bays, as well as in algae living in the lower and upper littoral. The average biomass of fucoids in semi-closed inlets varied from 2.8±0.6 to 17.7±2.9 kg/m2, depending on dominant species in community, the structure of substrate and impact of waves. The results indicate that phytocenoses of fucoid algae under the influence of changing environmental factors largely ensure the integrity of littoral ecosystem. For rational harvest and cultivation of commercial fucoids, as well as the restoration of disturbed phytocenoses after the removal of some algae, it is recommended to use the technology of synchronization of harvesting with life cycles of seaweeds.
Growth rate of Fucales on the Murman Coast, the Barents Sea
Authors: Malavenda S. S. , Malavenda S. V.
Published: September 2022

Fucales are among the key algae on the coast of the Northern Hemisphere and are being actively studied, although minor attention is paid for the age structure, since there are no reliable signs for determining the age of the algae. Direct observations on the thallus growth on the coast evidence on a variation of this trait under different conditions. We assess the rate of linear growth and the number of formed dichotomous branching per year in Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus distichus on the Murman Coast of the Barents Sea. These parameters differ in plants sampled from different biotopes. The annual growth of F. vesiculosus is two times higher and more dichotomous branches are formed per year in the environment characterized by low water movement intensity and pronounced salinity fluctuations than in plants growing on a weakly protected area of the coast. In the Barents Sea, the branching rate and the annual growth in F. distichus and F. vesiculosus depend on the intensity of water movement and the salinity regime of a particular biotope. The number of formed branches depends also on the number of already formed dichotomies, i.e., on the physiological age of thallus. It is necessary to modify the equation for calculating the age of these species using the correction factors for salinity, the intensity of water movement, and the number of dichotomies.
Kosteneffizienz der Behandlung von Aszites bei Leberzirrhose im Rahmen des G-DRG-Systems
Authors: Claus Simone , Brozat Jonathan Frederik , Trautwein Christian , Koch Alexander
Published: September 2022

In Deutschland sind rund 1 Mio. Menschen von einer Leberzirrhose betroffen. Eine häufige Komplikation stellt dabei das Auftreten von Aszites dar. Durch die steigende Leistungsverdichtung im Krankenhaus sowie die zunehmende Ökonomisierung im Gesundheitssektor befinden sich die Kliniken im Spannungsfeld zwischen Wirtschaftlichkeit und patientenorientierter Gesundheitsversorgung. Angesichts geringer Erlösflexibilität durch Fallpauschalen sind die Behandlungskosten ein wichtiger Ansatzpunkt der Erfolgsoptimierung und des effektiven Umgangs mit Ressourcen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher eine Aufarbeitung der Kosten- und Erlösstrukturen der Aszitesbehandlung in einem universitären Zentrum mit hepatologischem Schwerpunkt. Für diese Studie wurden die Behandlungsdaten von 778 Patienten, die im Zeitraum von 2016 bis 2019 in der Medizinischen Klinik III des Universitätsklinikums Aachen aufgenommen wurden, retrospektiv und anonymisiert ausgewertet. Die ermittelten Leistungen wurden im Rahmen einer Prozesskostenrechnung wirtschaftlich bewertet und den Erlösanteilen der Matrix aus Kostenstellen und Kostenarten des Diagnosis-Related-Groups (DRG)-Systems gegenübergestellt. Es zeigten sich Unterdeckungen in allen untersuchten Bereichen entlang des Behandlungspfades, sodass gegenwärtig die Versorgung des Aszites bei Zirrhose nicht kostendeckend im deutschen DRG-System abgebildet ist. Dies ist insbesondere auf eine höhere Fallschwere der universitär behandelten Patienten zurückzuführen.
A New Avenue to One-Pot Four-Component Synthesis of Spiro[indoline-3,4′-quinoline] Derivatives Using DABCO as a Green Catalyst
Authors: Singh Sundaram , Maury Suresh Kumar
Published: September 2022

A simple, efficient, and green, one-pot four-component synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,4′-quinoline] derivatives has been developed from isatin, ethyl cyanoacetate/malononitrile, dimedone, and aniline using green catalyst DABCO and green solvent ethanol. The current method generates good to exceptional yields in a short reaction time and provides a broad substrate scope. This method also works for gram-scale reactions.
The Therapeutic Potential of Salidroside for Parkinsonʼs Disease
Authors: Li Li , Yao Wenlong
Published: September 2022

Parkinsonʼs disease (PD), a neurological disorder, is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Its incidence increases with age. Salidroside, a phenolic compound extracted from Sedum roseum, reportedly has multiple biological and pharmacological activities in the nervous system. However, its effects on PD remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the effects of salidroside on PD with regard to DA metabolism, neuronal protection, and glial activation. In addition, we summarize the susceptibility genes and their underlying mechanisms related to antioxidation, inflammation, and autophagy by regulating mitochondrial function, ubiquitin, and multiple signaling pathways involving NF-κB, mTOR, and PI3K/Akt. Although recent studies were based on animal and cellular experiments, this review provides evidence for further clinical utilization of salidroside for PD.
Green Tea Catechol (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Conjugated with Phenylalanine Shows Enhanced Autophagy Stimulating Activity in Human Aortic Endothelial
Cells
Authors: Lee Taegum , Oh Yeonji , Kim Mi Kyoung , Chong Youhoon
Published: September 2022

(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the autophagy stimulators that have been reported to protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. In this study, we
attempted potentiation of the autophagy-stimulating activity of EGCG in human aortic epithelial cells (HAECs) by using the EGCG-phenylalanine conjugate, E10. Autophagy-stimulating activity
of E10 was evaluated by LC3-II measurement in the absence and presence of the lysosomal blocker chloroquine, CTYO-ID staining, and reporter assay using tandem fluorescence-tagged LC3. These
experiments revealed significantly enhanced autophagic flux stimulation in HAECs by E10 compared with EGCG. Further elaboration of E10 showed that activation of AMPK through phosphorylation
as the major mechanism of its autophagy stimulation. Like other autophagy stimulators, E10 protected HAECs from lipotoxicity as well as accompanying endothelial senescence. Finally,
stimulation of autophagy by E10 was shown to protect HAECs from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. These findings collectively suggest potential clinical implications of E10 for various
cardiovascular complications through stimulation of autophagy.
Enantioselective Alkylation of Amino Acid Derivatives with ­Unactivated Olefins via C–N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Shang Ming , Cai Yue-Ming
Published: September 2022

We reported a nickel-catalyzed enantioconvergent deaminative alkylation of α-amino acid derivatives with unactivated olefins, providing an efficient and convenient access to a range of α-enantioenriched amides. This method represents the first example of enantioselective deaminative functionalization with racemic amine precursors and features in mild conditions and broad substrate scope. New sterically encumbered bis(oxazoline) ligand was developed to improve both reactivity and enantioselectivity, which is key to the success of this reaction.