bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iridium-related complexes in Czochralski-grown β-Ga2O3
Authors: Ritter Jacob R. , Lynn Kelvin G. , McCluskey Matthew D.
Published: December 2019

Gallium oxide is a promising semiconductor for its potential as a material in the field of power electronics. The effects of iridium impurities on undoped, Mg-doped, and Ca-doped gallium oxides were investigated with IR spectroscopy. In undoped and Ca-doped β-Ga2O3, IR peaks at 3313, 3450, and 3500 cm−1 are tentatively assigned to O–H bond-stretching modes of IrH complexes. Mg-, Ca-, and Fe-doped samples show an Ir4+ electronic transition feature at 5148 cm−1. By measuring the strength of this feature vs photoexcitation, the Ir3+/4+ donor level was determined to lie 2.2–2.3 eV below the conduction band minimum. Ga2O3:Mg also has a range of sidebands between 5100 and 5200 cm−1, attributed to IrMg pairs. Polarized IR measurements show that the 5248 cm−1 peak is anisotropic, weakest for light polarized along the c axis, consistent with Lenyk et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 125, 045703 (2019)].
Long-range ferromagnetic ordering in vanadium-doped WSe2 semiconductor
Authors: Duong Dinh Loc , Yun Seok Joon , Kim Youngkuk , Kim Seong-Gon , Lee Young Hee
Published: December 2019

We report long-range ferromagnetic ordering in a vanadium-doped monolayer WSe2 semiconductor using spin-polarized density functional calculations. We found that the vanadium dopant is located in the fully occupied state inside the valence band, inherent from spin–orbit coupling, leading to the presence of free holes in the valence band. As a consequence, the spin-polarized hole carriers are delocalized not only in the vanadium site but also persistently in the tungsten sites distant from vanadium to facilitate the long-range ferromagnetic ordering in the vanadium-doped monolayer WSe2. Our findings of this study pave the way for the future exploration of carrier-mediated room-temperature two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductors via magnetic dopants.
Many-body effects at the origin of structural transitions in B2O3
Authors: Baroni Axelle , Pacaud Fabien , Salanne Mathieu , Micoulaut Matthieu , Delaye Jean-Marc , Zeidler Anita , Salmon Philip S. , Ferlat Guillaume
Published: December 2019

The structural properties of glassy diboron trioxide, g-B2O3, are investigated from ambient to high pressure conditions using two types of atomic force-field models that account for many-body effects. These models are parameterized by a dipole- and force-fitting procedure of reference datasets created via first-principles calculations on a series of configurations. The predictions of the models are tested against experimental data, where particular attention is paid to the structural transitions in g-B2O3 that involve changes to both the short- and medium-range order. The models outperform those previously devised, where improvement originates from the incorporation of two key physical ingredients, namely, (i) the polarizability of the oxide ion and (ii) the ability of an oxide ion to change both size and shape in response to its coordination environment. The results highlight the importance of many-body effects for accurately modeling this challenging system.
Dynamic elements and kinetics: Most favorable conformations of peptides in solution with measurements and simulations
Authors: Jas Gouri S. , Vallejo-Calzada Ricardo , Johnson Carey K. , Kuczera Krzysztof
Published: December 2019

Small peptides in solution adopt a specific morphology as they function. It is of fundamental interest to examine the structural properties of these small biomolecules in solution and observe how they transition from one conformation to another and form functional structures. In this study, we have examined the structural properties of a simple dipeptide and a five-residue peptide with the application of far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy as a function of temperature, fluorescence anisotropy, and all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. Analysis of the temperature dependent CD spectra shows that the simplest dipeptide N-acetyl-tryptophan-amide (NATA) adopts helical, beta sheet, and random coil conformations. At room temperature, NATA is found to have 5% alpha-helical, 37% beta sheet, and 58% random coil conformations. To our knowledge, this type of structural content in a simplest dipeptide has not been observed earlier. The pentapeptide (WK5) is found to have four major secondary structural elements with 8% 310 helix, 14% poly-L-proline II, 8% beta sheet, and 14% turns. A 56% unordered structural population is also present for WK5. The presence of a significant population of 310 helix in a simple pentapeptide is rarely observed. Fluorescence anisotropy decay (FAD) measurements yielded reorientation times of 45 ps for NATA and 120 ps for WK5. The fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements reveal the size differences between the two peptides, NATA and WK5, with possible contributions from differences in shape, interactions with the environment, and conformational dynamics. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations were used to model the structures and motions of these two systems in solution. The predicted structures sampled by both peptides qualitatively agree with the experimental findings. Kinetic modeling with optimal dimensionality reduction suggests that the slowest dynamic processes in the dipeptide involve sidechain transitions occurring on a 1 ns timescale. The kinetics in the pentapeptide monitors the formation of a distorted helical structure from an extended conformation on a timescale of 10 ns. Modeling of the fluorescence anisotropy decay is found to be in good agreement with the measured data and correlates with the main contributions of the measured reorientation times to individual conformers, which we define as dynamic elements. In NATA, the FAD can be well represented as a sum of contributions from representative conformers. This is not the case in WK5, where our analysis suggests the existence of coupling between conformational dynamics and global tumbling. The current study involving detailed experimental measurements and atomically detailed modeling reveals the existence of specific secondary structural elements and novel dynamical features even in the simplest peptide systems.
Comparative morpho-anatomy and mitochondrial phylogeny of Semisulcospiridae in Yunnan, south-western China, with description of four new species (Gastropoda :  Cerithioidea)
Authors: Du Li-Na , Köhler Frank , Yu Guo-Hua , Chen Xiao-Yong , Yang Jun-Xing
Published: December 2019

The taxonomic history of Chinese semisulcospirids is confusing. Originally placed in Melania by late 19th century authors, species have subsequently been dispersed into four different genera, i.e. Semisulcospira Böttger, 1886, Senckenbergia Yen, 1939, Hua Chen, 1943, and Namrutua Abbott, 1948; however, these placements were not conducted within a phylogenetic context. Based on examination of newly collected samples from the Chinese provinces Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Anhui and Chongqing, we revised the systematics of the Chinese Semisulcospiridae based on comparative anatomy and mitochondrial phylogenetics. We have examined shell, radular, and reproductive features and employed Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses of partial sequences of mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase I and 16S rRNA to resolve the phylogenetic relationships. The results revealed that Semisulcospiridae is represented by three genera in China, which differ in their reproductive strategy, including Semisulcospira, which is viviparous and contains three species (S. ningpoensis, S. gredleri, and S. pleuroceroides); Hua, which is oviparous and contains 11 species; and Koreoleptoxis, which is oviparous and contains one species. Namrutua and Senckenbergia are identified here as junior subjective synonyms of Semisulcospira. All taxa recognised herein formed well differentiated clades in three mitochondrial phylogeny, and could be reliably distinguished by differences in shell shape and sculpture. Four new species of Hua are described from Yunnan Province. This is the first comprehensive study to review the taxonomy of semisulcospirids in China. These species are sensitive to water quality, and economic development and infrastructure expansion have negatively impacted many populations. We fear that some species may have disappeared before being investigated or described scientifically. Therefore, this research will hopefully inspire further studies and surveys to foster our understanding of freshwater gastropod diversity in China. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EF2147FD-9EEE-4922-90DC-76651EF9E6AE
Nanoscale spectroscopic origins of photoinduced tip–sample force in the midinfrared
Authors: Jahng Junghoon , Potma Eric O. , Lee Eun Seong
Published: December 2019

Significance

Photoinduced force at tip–sample junction provides nanoscale spectroscopic information with label-free and far-field background-free manner. This approach, spectronanoscopy through force detection, shows higher sensitivity and 1,000 times better spatial resolution than conventional ensemble averaged infrared microscopy, even under ambient and environmental conditions. Unfortunately, the origin of this promising photoinduced force effect is sometimes unclear because the force has 2 independent physical aspects: One is the electromagnetic effect related to induced dipoles in tip and sample, and the other one is the thermodynamic effect related to thermal heating of sample. Here, we reveal how the light illumination results in the 2 kinds of photoinduced forces at the tip–sample junction and provide quantitative interpretation of nanoscale spectroscopic measurements.
Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of Hybrid Nanocomposites on the Base of PP/PbS/CdS
Authors: Ramazanov M. A. , Chianese Angelo , Hajiyeva F. V. , Novruzova A. A.
Published: December 2019

In given paper, were studied optical properties of nanocomposites obtained on base of PP + PbS/CdS with different concentration. The UV–Vis spectral analysis indicated that the optical band gap of the system was decreases with increasing of concentration of semiconductor
nanoparticles inside the polymer. This can be explained by increasing of size of nanoparticles due to agglomeration of nanoparticles with increasing of concentration. SEM analysis of PP + PbS/CdS based nanocomposites showed that particle size in PP + 3% PbS/CdS, PP + 5% PbS/CdS,
and PP + 15% PbS/CdS nanocomposites was the range of 5–10 nm, 12–18 nm, and 18–34 nm in respectively. At the same time, were investigated luminescence spectra of nanocomposites with different concentrations obtained on the base of PP + PbS/CdS.
It has been established that the highest luminescence intensity is observed in nanocomposites PP + 3% PbS/CdS. This can be explained by the fact that in this concentration the luminescent centers are more active and more optimal structures are formed. At the same time, low luminescence intensity
in PP + 15% PbS/CdS nanocomposites can be explained by reduction of the luminescence surface and weakening of activity of centers due to the growing size of particles by agglomerating with increasing of concentration.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfydryl-Functionalized Core-Shell Magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles Based on a Branched Polyethylenimine for Enhanced Removal of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Xu Yaohui , Deng Chi , Xiao Zhigang , Qing Haiyin
Published: December 2019

The end sulfydryl group functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 (Fe3O4@SiO2-SH) nanoparticles were synthesized with 3-mercaptopropionic acid as a sensitive and efficient chemosensor for the removal of heavy metal ions, in which branched
polyethylenimine was used to provide numerous sites for the modification with 3-mercaptopropionic acid in order to increase the amount of sulfydryl group on the Fe3O4@SiO2 surface. The magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2-SH nanoparticles displayed
the maximum adsorption efficiency for Pb2+ (257.1 mg/g) at room temperature without pH pre-adjustments. Moreover, Fe3O4@SiO2-SH nanoparticles also had desirable capturing abilities towards Cu2+ (90.3%), Hg2+ (89.8%),
Ag+ (84.1%) and Cd2+ (78.6%) when their initial concentrations were 200 mg/L.
THE ROLE OF STREPTOCOCCI IN HUMAN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Zabriskie John B.
Published: December 2019

It is now generally accepted that a majority of the various forms of the disease glomerulonephritis with perhaps some direct toxic modifications at the onset are primarily immunologic in nature. The work of a number of investigators (1) has pointed out that this immunologic insult may take two basic forms. The first depends upon the production of antigen-antibody complexes which are subsequently trapped in the glomerular capillary walls or filter. The second mechanism may involve the formation of injurious agents (huoral and/or cellular) capable of reacting with the renal basement membrane tissue of the host. The end result of both forms of immunological intrusion is inflammation of the renal tissue, primarily basement membrane, with of course, help from complement components and leukocytes.
PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNE COMPLEX GLOMERULONEPHRITIS OF NEW ZEALAND MICE
Authors: Dixon Frank J. , Oldstone Michael B. A. , Tonietti Giorgio
Published: December 2019

Observations based on elution of IgG from nephritic kidneys of NZ mice and absorption of the eluted IgG with selected antigens indicate that their immune complex nephritis involves at least two kinds of antigen-antibody complexes. Antibodies reactive with nuclear antigens account for nearly half of the IgG eluted from the kidneys while antibodies reactive with Gross viral antigens make up a significant but lesser amount. Superimposed chronic viral infections affect the nephritis of NZ mice in different ways. LCM and polyoma infections hasten and intensify the antinuclear antibody responses and glomerulonephritis of these mice while LDV infection appears to protect against both antinuclear antibody formation and development of nephritis.
QUANTITATION OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC SERUM SICKNESS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Wilson Curtis B. , Dixon Frank J.
Published: December 2019

The amounts of BSA (immune complex) deposited in glomeruli of rabbits with acute and chronic serum sickness were determined using radio-labeled BSA and paired-label RSA. In animals with acute serum sickness and severe glomerulonephritis, about 18 µg of I*BSA were present in both kidneys after immune elimination (>99% of the circulating I*BSA). Visible with an immunofluorescent sensitivity of 0.25 µg per g of kidney, the I*BSA became rapidly undetectable and was presumably covered by deposits of circulating host anti-BSA and complement which increased demonstrably.

In chronic serum sickness produced by daily injections of a quantity of BSA to balance antibody production, 0.04% of the daily dose of I*BSA was deposited in the glomeruli during the developmental stages of glomerulonephritis. Coincident with the onset of overt proteinuric glomerulonephritis, the daily I*BSA deposition, rate increased to about 0.5% of the daily dose. The half-disappearance rate of I*BSA from the kidney was about 5 days. Administration of huge excesses of BSA caused a fivefold increase in the half-disappearance rate. The accelerated I*BSA disappearance could be correlated with vanishing glomerular immunofluorescent deposits of BSA and immunoglobulin, as well as electron microscopic dense deposits; however, functional improvement of the disease was not observed.

The roles of immune complex size, precipitating and nonprecipitating (total ABC) antibodies, and RES function in the development of chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis are discussed.
TOXIN AND ANTITOXIN OF AND PROTECTIVE INOCULATION AGAINST BACILLUS WELCHII
Authors: Bull Carroll G. , Pritchett Ida W.
Published: December 2019

On page 119, Vol. XXVI, No. 1, July 1, 1917, line 1, read pathology for pathogenicity.
SURFACE TENSION OF SERUM
Authors: du Noüy P. Lecomte
Published: December 2019

On page 735, Vol. xxxv, No. 5, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, for NaCl solution at 9 per cent read NaCl solution at 0.9 per cent. On Plate 58 of the same article, at the lower left hand corner, for NaCl 9 per cent read NaCl 0.9 per cent.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF MYOCARDIAL INVOLVEMENT IN RHEUMATIC
FEVER
Authors: Cohn Alfred E. , Swift Homer F.
Published: December 2019

In Vol. xxxix, No. 1, Plate 2, Columns 1 and 2, now headed by the captions Lead I and Lead II respectively, should be interchanged. The electrocardiograms in Column 1 are Lead II; those in Column 1 are Lead I.
THE ETIOLOGY OF TRACHOMA
Authors: Noguchi Hideyo
Published: December 2019

The experimental chronic granular conjunctivitis first induced in Macacus rhesus with pure cultures of Bacterium granulosis, has been transferred by direct tissue passage to the chimpanzee, baboon, and to other Macacus rhesus through at least 4 successive passages.

This experimental chronic granular conjunctivitis preserved the clinical and histological characters throughout the several passages, and the lesions have been shown to be infective as early as 17 and as late as 204 days after the original culture inoculation.

Bacterium granulosis can be recovered from the inoculated animals and has been found in microscopic specimens of human and monkey tissues. The great difficulty of its recovery in culture and its demonstration in sections of tissues and in films is not necessarily an indication of its absence from the lesions. The methods employed to recover or to find the organism may not be the most favorable to be discovered.

No other microorganism obtained from the human cases of trachoma produces in animals effects comparable to those induced by Bacterium granulosis. In the absence, therefore, of indications to the contrary, we may consider that in Bacterium granulosis we have the inciting microorganism of trachoma in man and its equivalent, granular conjunctivitis in monkeys.
THE ETIOLOGY OF TRACHOMA
Authors: Noguchi Hideyo
Published: December 2019

In Supplement No. 2, issued with the August, 1928, number of The Journal of Experimental Medicine, in the caption at the top of page 1, for July read August; for Vol. xlviii, No. 1, read Vol. xlviii, No. 2.

The attached slip may be pasted over the present caption.
ON THE PRESENCE IN ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM OF TYPE-SPECIFIC PROTECTIVE ANTIBODY NOT NEUTRALIZED BY HOMOLOGOUS SPECIFIC SOLUBLE SUBSTANCE
Authors: Sabin Albert B.
Published: December 2019

In Vol. 53, No. 1, January 1, 1931, page 93, eighth line under the heading "Experimental," for "may be defined as the smallest amount of antiserum," read "may be defined as ten times the smallest amount of antiserum."
CORRECTION
Authors: Smadel Joseph E.
Published: December 2019

Page 501, Table I, 3rd column, 3rd line of Experiment II, for 12/19/21 read 12/19/13.
ULTRACENTRIFUGATION STUDIES ON THE ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINE VIRUS
Authors: Pickels Edward G. , Smadel Joseph E.
Published: December 2019

Throughout the article by Drs. Pickels and Smadel (pages 583–606), for photomicrometer read microphotometer.
CHEMICAL STIMULATION BY ALCOHOLS IN THE BARNACLE, THE FROG AND PLANARIA
Authors: Cole William H. , Allison J. B.
Published: December 2019

In Vol. 14, No. 1, September 20, 1930, page 85, in the next to the last line, under References, for Amer. J. Physiol., 1918, 14, 315; read Amer. J. Physiol., 1918, 45, 323.
Resensitizing AMPA receptors
Authors: Short Ben
Published: December 2019

JGP study suggests how the regulatory protein γ8 reopens AMPA receptor channels in the continued presence of glutamate.
The Action of Tetrodotoxin on Electrogenic Components of Squid Giant Axons
Authors: Nakamura Yutaka , Nakajima Shigehiro , Grundfest Harry
Published: December 2019

Voltage clamp measurements on squid giant axons show that externally applied puffer fish poison, tetrodotoxin, eliminates only the initial inward current component of spike electrogenesis and does not affect the subsequent outward current. The selective effect on Na activation, which is reversible, confirms the view that the movements of Na and K during spike electrogenesis occur at structurally different sites on the membrane. Spike electrogenesis is also blocked when tetrodotoxin is injected into the axon, but the interior of the membrane appears to be somewhat less sensitive to the poison. Differences in reactivity of various electrogenic membrane components to tetrodotoxin are discussed as signifying differences in chemical structures.
Light Adaptation in the Ventral Photoreceptor of Limulus
Authors: Srebro Richard , Behbehani Michael
Published: December 2019

Light adaptation in both the ventral photoreceptor and the lateral eye photoreceptor is a complex process consisting of at least two phases. One phase, which we call the rapid phase of adaptation, occurs whenever there is temporal overlap of the discrete waves that compose a light response. The recovery from the rapid phase of adaptation follows an exponential time-course with a time constant of approximately 75 ms at 21°C. The rapid phase of adaptation occurs at light intensities barely above discrete wave threshold as well as at substantially higher light intensities with the same recovery time-course at all intensities. It occurs in voltage-clamped and unclamped photoreceptors. The kinetics of the rapid phase of adaptation is closely correlated to the photocurrent which appears to initiate it after a short delay. The rapid phase of adaptation is probably identical to what is called the "adapting bump" process. At light intensities greater than about 10 times discrete wave threshold another phase of light adaptation occurs. It develops slowly over a period of ½ s or so, and decays even more slowly over a period of several seconds. It is graded with light intensity and occurs in both voltage-clamped and unclamped photoreceptors. We call this the slow phase of light adaptation.
IS LIVING PROTOPLASM PERMEABLE TO IONS?
Authors: Osterhout W. J. V.
Published: December 2019

On page 138, Vol. viii, No. 2, September 18, 1925, in line 4 from bottom, in place of (50) (5.4) = 2.7 read

See PDF for Equation.

In the next line, in place of 52.7 read 52.9.

On page 139, in line 3 from top, in place of 5.4 read

See PDF for Equation.

In line 11 from top, in place of (97.2 x 5.4) = 102.5 read

See PDF for Equation.

In line 13, in place of 100 + 5.4 = 105.4 read

See PDF for Equation.
Unintuitive behaviour of fibre coupled collimating optics used for plasma emission observations
Authors: Hurlbatt A
Published: December 2019

The collection of light emitted from a plasma or other volumetric light source is often collected using an optical collimator coupled to an optical fibre. In this work the spatial dependence of transmission from a light source into a fibre via a variety of collimating lens systems is investigated using a table top optical setup and a full 3D ray tracing simulation. The solid angle emitted from a point source that is accepted into the fibre is found to depend in a complex and unintuitive manner on the spatial position of the source relative to the optical system. Back-illumination is often used to focus the optical system such that it produces a well defined beam, which is then assumed as a ‘line of sight’. However even in these cases there are non-monotonic behaviours within this ‘line of sight’ that mean the often-made assumption of a single acceptance angle or cone of observation is not valid in these systems. This has significant implications for the application of these optical systems to the observation of non-uniform volumetric light sources where variations of light intensity or spectrum occur within the defined line of sight.
Interaction of ultra relativistic

e

−

e

+

fireball beam with plasma
Authors: Shukla N , Martins S F , Muggli P , Vieira J , Silva L O
Published: December 2019

Ab initio simulations of the propagation in a plasma of a soon to be available relativistic electron–positron beam or fireball beam provide an effective mean for the study of microphysics relevant to astrophysical scenarios. We show that the current filamentation instability associated with some of these scenarios reaches saturation after only 10 cm of propagation in a typical laboratory plasma with a density ∼1017 cm−3. The different regimes of the instability, from the purely transverse to the mixed mode filamentation, can be accessed by varying the background plasma density. The instability generates large local plasma gradients, intense transverse magnetic fields, and enhanced emission of radiation. We suggest that these effects may be observed experimentally for the first time.
THz generation from laser-induced breakdown in pressurized molecular gases: on the way to terahertz remote sensing of the atmospheres of Mars and Venus
Authors: Solyankin Peter M , Nikolaeva Irina A , Angeluts Andrey A , Shipilo Daniil E , Minaev Nikita V , Panov Nikolay A , Balakin Alexei V , Zhu Yiming , Kosareva Olga G , Shkurinov Alexander P
Published: December 2019

The present paper studies the generation of terahertz (THz) radiation in CO2 in comparison with atmospheric air at a wide range of pressures. We established experimentally and explained theoretically that for these gases there are optimal pressures at about 1 bar for air and 0.5 bar for CO2 under which the efficiency of conversion from near-infrared to THz frequencies is the highest. We consider the possibility of applying femtosecond laser-induced THz generation for the study of the atmosphere of Mars and found that the overall THz yield near the surface of Mars is just a factor of 6 lower than on Earth. Comparable THz energy on the two planets is associated with underdense plasma on Earth (∼10% of neutrals) and full double ionization of carbon dioxide on Mars (∼200% of neutrals), the latter opening great perspective for THz remote sensing of trace gases in the Martian atmosphere.
QuCAT: quantum circuit analyzer tool in Python
Authors: Gely Mario F , Steele Gary A
Published: December 2019

Quantum circuits constructed from Josephson junctions and superconducting electronics are key to many quantum computing and quantum optics applications. Designing these circuits involves calculating the Hamiltonian describing their quantum behavior. Here we present QuCAT, or ‘Quantum Circuit Analyzer Tool’, an open-source framework to help in this task. This open-source Python library features an intuitive graphical or programmatical interface to create circuits, the ability to compute their Hamiltonian, and a set of complimentary functionalities such as calculating dissipation rates or visualizing current flow in the circuit.
Fractal catastrophes
Authors: Meibohm J , Gustavsson K , Bec J , Mehlig B
Published: December 2019

We analyse the spatial inhomogeneities (‘spatial clustering’) in the distribution of particles accelerated by a force that changes randomly in space and time. To quantify spatial clustering, the phase-space dynamics of the particles must be projected to configuration space. Folds of a smooth phase-space manifold give rise to catastrophes (‘caustics’) in this projection. When the inertial particle dynamics is damped by friction, however, the phase-space manifold converges towards a fractal attractor. It is believed that caustics increase spatial clustering also in this case, but a quantitative theory is missing. We solve this problem by determining how projection affects the distribution of finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLEs). Applying our method in one spatial dimension we find that caustics arising from the projection of a dynamical fractal attractor (‘fractal catastrophes’) make a distinct and universal contribution to the distribution of spatial FTLEs. Our results explain a projection formula for the spatial fractal correlation dimension, and how a fluctuation relation for the distribution of FTLEs for white-in-time Gaussian force fields breaks upon projection. We explore the implications of our results for heavy particles in turbulence, and for wave propagation in random media.
Abundance of plastic debris across European and Asian rivers
Authors: van Calcar C J , van Emmerik T H M
Published: December 2019

Plastic pollution in the marine environment is an urgent global environmental challenge. Land-based plastics, emitted into the ocean through rivers, are believed to be the main source of marine plastic litter. According to the latest model-based estimates, most riverine plastics are emitted in Asia. However, the exact amount of global riverine plastic emission remains uncertain due to a severe lack of observation. Field-based studies are rare in numbers, focused on rivers in Europe and North America and used strongly varying data collection methods. We present a harmonized assessment of floating macroplastic transport from observations at 24 locations in rivers in seven countries in Europe and Asia. Visual counting and debris sampling were used to assess (1) magnitude of plastic transport, (2) the spatial distribution across the river width, and (3) the plastic polymer composition. Several waterways in Indonesia and Vietnam contain up to four orders of magnitude more plastic than waterways in Italy, France, and The Netherlands in terms of plastic items per hour. We present a first transcontinental overview of plastic transport, providing observational evidence that, for the sampled rivers, Asian rivers transport considerably more plastics towards the ocean. New insights are presented in the magnitude, composition, and spatiotemporal variation of riverine plastic debris. We emphasize the urgent need for more long-term monitoring efforts. Accurate data on riverine plastic debris are extremely important to improve global and local modeling approaches and to optimize prevention and collection strategies.
Numerical simulation of breeze circulation in Crimea using WRF-ARW model
Authors: Shokurov M V , Kraevskaya N Yu
Published: December 2019

Breeze circulation is an important atmospheric process that affects the weather and climate of coastal regions. Crimea is one of such regions. One of the methods of breeze research is numerical simulation, which has been quite successfully used to obtain information on breeze circulation in various geographical regions. The purpose of this work is to describe the regional features of sea breeze in Crimea, specifically, a breeze circulation near the Crimean Mountains. We use an array of satellite images and data of global operational analysis, NCEP GDAS, to choose a day with a pronounced breeze. A numerical experiment is performed for the day using a mesoscale model, WRF-ARW. Based on the results of the numerical simulation, the structure of the sea breeze circulation in Crimea is described. Some classical elements of the breeze characteristics of the flat part of Crimea are observed. A unique phenomenon of collision of breeze gravity currents has been revealed. It is a characteristic of the rather small land areas. Much attention is given to the features of breeze in the mountains associated with the complex topography.
Deterministic and stochastic parameterizations of kinetic energy backscatter in the NEMO ocean model in Double-Gyre configuration
Authors: Perezhogin P
Published: December 2019

Eddy-permitting numerical ocean models often resolve mesoscale turbulence only partly, which leads to underestimation of eddy kinetic energy (EKE). Mesoscale dynamics can be amplified by using kinetic energy backscatter (KEB) parameterizations returning energy from the unresolved scales. We consider two types of KEB: stochastic and negative viscosity ones. The tuning of their amplitudes is based on a local budget of kinetic energy, thus, they are "energetically-consistent" KEBs. In this work, KEB parameterizations are applied to the NEMO ocean model in Double-Gyre configuration with an eddy-permitting resolution (1/4 degree). To evaluate the results, we compare this model with an eddy-resolving one (1/9 degree). We show that with the KEBs the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), meridional heat flux, and sea surface temperature (SST) can be significantly improved. In addition, a better match has been found between the time power spectra of the eddy-permitting and the eddy-resolving model solutions.
Assessment of the carbon balance of treed bogs under climate change with observation and modelling data
Authors: Dyukarev E A , Martynova Yu V , Golovatskaya E A
Published: December 2019

Carbon dioxide fluxes in treed bogs in the South Taiga Zone of Western Siberia are estimated by using field data and a mathematical model calibrated against observation data. Forecasts of carbon balance under climate change are made by using the mathematical model.
Transboundary aspects of river water pollution and water quality estimation of the Middle Ob river
Authors: Rusak S N , Shornikova E A , Kurilenko M I , Homenushko T I
Published: December 2019

The Middle Ob is the part of the Ob river reach running through the central part of Western Siberia within Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and brings its waters through the territory of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the Gulf of Ob of the Arctic Ocean. The data on hydrochemical characteristics of the Middle Ob river and its anabranches during 2003-2008 and 2014-2018 in aspects of transboundary transfer is presented in the article. Composition of salt, organic compounds, heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, biogenic ions in water and bottom sediments are described. The influence of oilfields and urban territories in water catchment area of the Middle Priobie is revealed. The main pollutants of the Middle Ob river are phenols, hydrocarbons, iron, manganese, chrome, cooper, phosphate-ions from technogenic and natural originating. We investigated that the level of the Middle Ob river water pollution was increased from 2003-2008 till 2014-2018.
Evaluation on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. from Lampung area in the biogas effluent of tapioca industry
Authors: Juliasih N L G R , Utami S , Setiawan A
Published: December 2019

Evaluation on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. in the biogas effluent of tapioca industry (MEBIT) has been conducted. The Nannochloropsis sp. that isolated from marine biota in Lampung area was acclimated in the 1, 3, and 6% MEBIT. The evaluation of Nannochloropsis sp. was using cell density at 750 nm, chlorophyll a concentration and biomass yields. The Nannochloropsis sp was growth well in the 6% (v/v) MEBIT based on the color of the culture. The OD of Nannochloropsis sp on MEBIT obtained at 750 nm is about 0.14 to 1.48. The chlorophyll a concentration is about 1.27 to 13.51 mg / mL, whereas the concentration of the biomass is 0.311 g/L with a productivity of 0.019 gL−1 d−1, it is higher than when it cultivates in the standard media (BG 11). The protein content in MEBIT is 30.65%, it is lower than in the BG 11 growth (36.41%) of the dry biomass.
Estimation and optimization of the voyage energy efficiency operational indicator (EEOI) on Indonesian sea tollway corridors
Authors: Ichsan M , Pradana M F , Noche B
Published: December 2019

In this research, the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) used as emission estimation parameter on three Indonesian’s sea toll way corridors. Operational data of the ships, such as speed, Deadweight Tonnage (DWT), load and load’s utilization are used in this research. Moreover, unavailable operational data are to be assumed with comparable assumptions or suitable calculation. Furthermore, the data are used to calculate the fuel consumption of the voyage, which is the main variable in the emission index calculation. The method, so-called, a ‘slow-steaming’ method is utilized to optimize the emission parameter. The result shows that the slow steaming process is indeed bring more efficient emission result for the sea toll way under consideration. Decreasing the speed to 10% of current speed is decreasing the Fuel Consumption of the ships around 17% to 19% yearly. Decreased it further to 12%, lowered the fuel consumption around 23% from current yearly fuel consumption. Moreover, applying slow steaming with 10% and 12% rate in each route resulted in a decreasing rate of emission produces of around 19% and 23% respectively. These results are encouraging as an initial step to measures the emission level on the Indonesian Sea tollway.
Aging effect condition on hot asphalt mixtures marshall (AC-BC) performance by using slag
Authors: Bethary R T , Subagio B S , Rahman H , Suaryana N
Published: December 2019

The technology of using waste for road construction by using slag as an aggregate substitute can reduce costs as well as environmentally friendly technology. Hot mix asphalt pavement (HMA) will experience aging both short and long term, this study was conducted to see how the effects of aging in hot asphalt mixtures by using slag. There were three types of mixtures in this study with different levels of slag, aging test specimens were conditioned by the AASHTO R30 testing method. The results of testing the slag characteristics with SEM that the slag surface is roughness than the natural aggregate, also the slag has porosity on its surface indicates that the slag has stronger adhesion properties with the asphalt. In hot asphalt mixtures with slags obtained by increasing the slag percentage, the optimum bitumen content will be smaller but if viewed from the optimum Marshall stability value at a slag percentage of 20%. Then the mixture was conditioned for short-term aging with a higher Marshall stability value compared to normal conditions with void in mixture (VIM) values, while for long-term aging the stability value decreased compared to normal conditions with VIM values approaching normal conditions without aging.
The assessment and management of cruise port for tourism destination development in Bali island
Authors: Mandi N B R
Published: December 2019

Bali island has several ports, and three of them are used for ships’ layover. Those ports are: Benoa port in the southern of the island, Celukan Bawang port in the northern part, and Padangbai/Tanah Ampo port in the eastern part; with most of tourism activities are concentrated in the southern part. Disadvantageous management and competition between those ports raised the question and challenge for the cruise port and its nearest vicinity. A cooperation is required to enable those ports to compete more effectively, in attracting tourists and supporting the island’s tourism destination development. This study employed a set of semi-structured interviews (SSI) and the spot field observation in assessing the port’s management for tourism destination’s development. The result of this study is expected to contribute in providing useful information for tourism destination development and for the industry itself, which are constantly growing and attractive for international tourists.
Kinetic and Isotherm Study of Ammonium Sorption Using Natural Zeolites from Lampung
Authors: Kurniawan T
Published: December 2019

The aims of the study were to characterize and investigate the ammonium adsorption kinetic and isotherm of the natural zeolites from Lampung. Characterization of the natural zeolite was performed by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), nitrogen-physisorption, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). According to XRD analysis, the natural zeolites were identified as clinoptilolite dominant phase with some impurities i.e. mordenite and quartz. The surface area calculated by BET model was 45 m2/g. The SEM images showed the irregular morphology shape. The XRF analysis revealed that the ratio Si/Al was 6.2. Ammonium sorption experiment was performed by using 100 ppm of ammonium solution in the batch reactor with variation on natural zeolite mass loading and adsorption time. Ammonium adsorbed onto the zeolites was increased with the adsorption time and mass loading. The kinetic models, i.e. Lagergren’s 1st order, Pseudo 2nd order, Elovich, Intraparticle diffusion, and isotherm models, i.e., Langmuir, Langmuir-Vageler, Freundlich, Temkin were fitted with the ammonium adsorption kinetic data by using non-linear regression analysis in MATLAB.
Utilization of steel slag and fly ash in soil stabilization and their effect to california bearing ratio (CBR) value. (Case study: Kp. Kadusentar road Medong village Mekarjaya Subdistrict Pandeglang District)
Authors: Mina E , Kusuma R I , Ulfah N
Published: December 2019

Road construction is not always on good subgrade, there is possibility being built on subgrade which has low soil bearing capacity which could cause damages such as holes and bumps on the pavement road. One of the parameters to determine soil bearing capacity is Californian Bearing Ratio(CBR) value. This study aims to determine the effect of steel slag and fly ash to soil CBR value and its effect on soil physical properties. Soil samples were taken from Kadusentar Village of Pandeglang District Banten. The method of soil stabilization used percentage variation admixture of 20% fly ash mixed with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of steel slag from soil total weight. The analysis results showed that original soil samples can be classified as non-organic clay soil with high plasticity. The CBR laboratory test result showed that variation of 20% fly ash and 20% steel slag with 7 days ripening give the optimum value of CBR increased from 3.524% became 26.14%. The highest CBR value of this mixture can be categorized as good classification of subgrade. Plasticity index value decreased became 4.57% which can be categorized as lowplasticity.
A Study of commercial apartments governance in South Jakarta
Authors: Dessiani Y , Barus L S , Adianto J
Published: December 2019

The magnitude of profit turnover in commercial apartments management, frequently led to the asymmetrical relationship between real estate developers as private sector and apartments’ owners as citizen. This condition was marked by administrative violations which often carried out by real estate developers. Throughout 2018, Ombudsman RI Greater Jakarta Office received various complaints related to the apartments’ management and operation, including conflict of interests and transparancy issues in the Apartments’ Owners and Residents Association (PPPSRS). Following certain policy agenda that had been pushed by several interest groups since 2006, the government attempted to formulate a particular public policy to protect each party involved in the vertical housing operation, especially citizen. Conducted with a qualitative research method, the objective of this study is to examine the implementation of DKI Jakarta Provincial Governor Regulation Number 132 Year 2018 on Management of Owned Apartments (Pergub 132/2018) in Apartemen Taman Rasuna and Apartemen Kalibata City, South Jakarta. This study found that the handover of apartment units that were not accompanied by legal ownership documents clearly impacted the delayed in transition process towards the implementation of Pergub 132/2018.
A Systematic literature review on maritime transportation optimization using linear programming
Authors: Pradana M F , Noche B
Published: December 2019

Maritime transportation has a decisive position in world trade. Along with the development of science and technology, maritime transportation faced more complex and robust problems in term of their optimization. In this paper, we purpose a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on Maritime Transportation Optimization (MTO) in three-level decision making that is the strategic planning level, tactical planning level, and operational planning level. We also have identified Linear Programming (LP) as a proper preference to study MTO. This SLR using a structured approach that involves bibliometric and network analytics from the articles published during 1976 – 2019. Some of the key findings in this study as follows, (i) research and citation in MTO using LP is rising and reached its peak in 2018; (ii) three countries with the highest number of articles are the United States, Norway, and China; (iii) shows a great opportunity for future research to combine strategic planning, tactical planning, and operational planning.
Travel behavior of commuter line passenger to station in Depok City
Authors: Astuti D W , Barus L S , Achjar N , Martell-Flores H
Published: December 2019

Depok City as one of the satellite cities has developed both in terms of population, social, economic and environment. The high mobility of commuter line passengers is influenced by the pattern of passenger travel using various modes of transportation such as: public transportation, private transportation online transportation, non-motorized vehicles or walking. The analysis used is the multinomial logistic regression method by observing the socio-economic characteristics of passengers and the travel characteristics of commuter line passengers. The results of the study suggest that the behavior of passengers to the station (access mode) is influenced by transport time and costs. And then, most of the commuter line passengers use online transportation as a means to get to the station. So the choice of the most used transportation modes will have an impact on the arrangement of facilities at Depok City stations.
The performance of building construction supply chain: A Case study in building construction project
Authors: Wibowo M A , Handayani N U , Sinaga G , Sholeh M N , Ulkhaq M M
Published: December 2019

Supply chain is the interconnected hierarchy of supply contracts necessary to procure a built asset. On a traditional building project, design consultants are first tier suppliers, working for the client, and the contractor has a supply chain of sub-contractors and specialist suppliers. The problems in the construction industry are that the first and second tier of the supply chain sign up to impartially difficult arrangements but as the chain develops, so the contractual responsibilities decrease until suppliers at the end of the chain are often not locked in at all. The construction of the Diponegoro University Psychology building began September 29, 2017 with a target of 300 days. The deviation between the realization of project work and the planning timeline is -10.37% in the 7th month. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the supply chain process in building construction project. The Supply Chain Operation References (SCOR) is going to be applied to measures the performance of construction projects based on five material planning processes (plan) and project work schedules, material procurement (source), implementation of construction work (make), material delivery (deliver), and the return process if there is a material return (return). The Matrix (OMAX) and Traffic Light method is going to be used to assess the performance of cement and steel structure as the main material on this building project. The results of the assessment with Omax and traffic light obtained that the supply chain performance of cement material is worth 4.3 of the maximum value is 10. Supply chain performance for iron material worth 5.4 from the maximum value is 10. This shows that supply chain performance is quite good but needs repaired.
Overload handling of IBT using load and capacitor shedding
Authors: Rabbani F M , Ardita I M , Aryani D R , Jufri F H , Utomo A R
Published: December 2019

Faulted Inter Bus Transformer (IBT) can cause power system instability. Therefore, it will be isolated to prevent the spreading of disturbance. IBT at the Ptn Substation which supplies Ptn – Grt and Dwt Subsystem is discussed in this paper. The event discussed is 2 of 3 IBTs are out of work so that only one left. So, load shedding of Dwt Subsystem is required to avoid further disturbance. However, after it is applied, the voltage at the Dwt Subsystem will increase beyond the allowed rating. Therefore, further action is required by releasing some capacitor banks of several substations that have the highest rated voltage until the voltage in all substations is within the permitted rating. Finally, The system return to stable after load shedding with total 226.45 MW and capacitor shedding with total 150 Mvar.