bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Environmental Aging Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Song Jianing , Shen Qingchen , Shao Huijuan , Deng Xu
Published: December 2023

Passive daytime radiative cooling technology presents a sustainable solution for combating global warming and accompanying extreme weather, with great potential for diverse applications. The key characteristics of this cooling technology are the ability to reflect most sunlight and radiate heat through the atmospheric transparency window. However, the required high solar reflectance is easily affected by environmental aging, rendering the cooling ineffective. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the failure mechanisms, design strategies, and manufacturing technologies of daytime radiative cooling. Herein, a critical review on anti‐environmental aging passive daytime radiative cooling with the goal of advancing their commercial applications is presented. It is first introduced the optical mechanisms and optimization principles of radiative cooling, which serve as a basis for further endowing environmental durability. Then the environmental aging conditions of passive daytime radiative cooling, mainly focusing on UV exposure, thermal aging, surface contamination and chemical corrosion are discussed. Furthermore, the developments of anti‐environmental aging passive daytime radiative cooling materials, including design strategies, fabrication techniques, structures, and performances, are reviewed and classified for the first time. Last but not the least, the remaining open challenges and the insights are presented for the further promotion of the commercialization progress.
Enhancing the Response Speed of Organic Electrochemical Transistors via Ion Liquid/Metal–Organic Framework‐Embedded Semiconducting Polymers
Authors: Hsu Chao‐Hsien , Huang Sin‐Rong , Lai Jen‐Yu , Cai Gu‐Hao , Tsai Meng‐Dian , Kung Chung‐Wei , Chen Jung‐Yao
Published: December 2023

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are recognized for their ability to combine electronic and ionic transport in the channel, resulting in improved transconductance and reduced operation voltage compared to organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Nevertheless, the hydrophobic nature of conjugated polymers remains a hindrance to ion drift, thereby causing slow switching speed and limiting their practical application. This study introduces the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][TFSI]) adsorbed in a metal–organic framework (MOF‐525) as an ion reservoir within a conjugated polymer, for the first time, to serve as the active channel in OECTs. Due to shortened ionic drift time, in the poly[2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene] (PBTTT‐C14) system, the original polymer membrane without MOF‐525/[EMIM][TFSI] exhibits a characteristic ON time (τON) of 28.75 s, whereas the PBTTT‐C14/MOF‐525/[EMIM][TFSI] composite film significantly reduces the τON to 2.56 s with ON/OFF current ratio of 102. Enhancing response speed through facile physical blending of MOF‐525/[EMIM][TFSI] in conjugated polymer film can also be realized on flexible substrate and in poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) system which provide a general strategy to broaden the selection of conjugated polymers in accumulation mode OECTs.
Optimization Method for Conductance Modulation in Ferroelectric Transistor for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Kim Cheol Jun , Lee Jae Yeob , Ku Minkyung , Kim Tae Hoon , Noh Taehee , Lee Seung Won , Ahn Ji‐Hoon , Kang Bo Soo
Published: December 2023

The learning accuracy of neuromorphic computing that mimics the biological brain, is affected by the conductance‐modulation characteristics of an artificial synapse. In ferroelectric‐based devices, these characteristics are implemented using a distribution of polarization values. Therefore, the distribution in a ferroelectric thin film with various external voltage signals is investigate. As polarization switching proceeds with voltage pulse, the domains of the switched polarization become larger. In ferroelectric‐gate field effect transistors, the channel layer assumed to lie beneath the ferroelectrics experiences a local conductance change, according to the polarization distribution of the ferroelectric layer. It is found that small clusters with high conductivity become large clusters in the channel layer as the polarization switching proceeds. When the additional pulses are applied, the high conductive regions eventually connect (i.e., percolate) in the channel layer and the conductance of the layer is greatly increased. Adjusting the height of the applied voltage can slow down or speed up this phenomenon. Also, the nanosecond voltage pulses are employed and the width of the conductive pathway is adjusted. It enables to fine‐tune the conductance of the channel layer. It demonstrates that conductance modulation is optimized with an appropriate voltage pulse train pattern.
A Thin, Stable, and Flexible Janus Lithium‐Textile Anode for Long‐Life and High‐Energy Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Cai Jiehua , Wang Lei , Huang Qiyao , Yu Wancheng , Xie Chuan , Zheng Zijian
Published: December 2023

Equipping thin lithium metal anodes (LMAs) in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is essential to realize a high energy density of the battery. However, the cycling stability of thin LMAs, especially at high depth of discharge (DOD), is very poor. Here, the rapid preparation of stable and thin LMAs through selective wetting of molten lithium (Li) on a Janus structured conductive textile is reported, which yields a thin Li (∼3.0 mg cm−2) coating on one side of the conductive framework. This Janus Li‐textile composite anode not only significantly reduces the use of Li metal by 80% in comparison to the homogeneous composite anode, but also enhances the cycling stability via the Janus lithiophobic–lithiophilic framework and upper buffering space. At a high DOD of 75%, the Janus Li‐textile anode exhibits an ultralong cycle life over 3000 h. LMBs equipping with the Janus Li‐textile anode show an enhanced energy density by 30%, with a remarkable cycling life of 2000 cycles, and capacity retention of 99.94% per cycle.
Could trust narrow the intention‐behavior gap in eco‐friendly food consumption? Evidence from China
Authors: Yuan Rao , Jin Shaosheng , Lin Wen
Published: December 2023

There exists a potential gap between individual intention to purchase eco‐products and their actual purchase behaviors, which contributes to low eco‐friendly consumption. The study investigates the intention‐behavior gap in eco‐friendly food consumption, and how consumer trust affects the gap. We focus on consumer trust in eco‐friendly food regulator, manufacturer, certifier, and farmer. Evidence from Chinese consumers reveals that individuals with low trust in the certifier have high intention to purchase green food but fail to make actual purchases. Trust in the manufacturer is positively associated with actual purchases of organic food regardless of intention. We also find that trust exerts the greater impact in bridging the intention‐behavior gap among female, younger, more educated, and more environmentally conscious consumers. Our findings highlight the importance of consumer trust in the certifier and manufacturer. Implications for promoting eco‐friendly food consumption are discussed.
Late‐onset mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA mimicking Usher syndrome
Authors: De Falco Alessandro , Karali Marianthi , Criscuolo Chiara , Testa Francesco , Barillari Maria Rosaria , Scarpato Margherita , Gaudieri Valeria , Cuocolo Alberto , Russo Anna , Nigro Vincenzo , Simonelli Francesca , Banfi Sandro , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola
Published: December 2023

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA or Sanfilippo syndrome type A) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the SGSH gene encoding N‐sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase, an enzyme involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate. MPS IIIA is typically characterized by neurocognitive decline and hepatosplenomegaly with childhood onset. Here, we report on a 53‐year‐old male subject initially diagnosed with Usher syndrome for the concurrence of retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural hearing loss. Clinical exome sequencing identified biallelic missense variants in SGSH, and biochemical assays showed complete deficiency of sulfamidase activity and increased urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion. Reverse phenotyping revealed left ventricle pseudo‐hypertrophy, hepatosplenomegaly, bilateral deep white matter hyperintensities upon brain MRI, and decreased cortical metabolic activity by PET‐CT. On neuropsychological testing, the proband presented only partial and isolated verbal memory deficits. This case illustrates the power of unbiased, comprehensive genetic testing for the diagnosis of challenging mild or atypical forms of MPS IIIA.
Challenges for interprofessional simulation‐based sedation training courses: Mini review
Authors: Komasawa Nobuyasu
Published: December 2023

Sedation for invasive procedures is given for various clinical purposes to patients of all ages worldwide. However, sedation is a continuum to general anesthesia and contains severe inherent risks leading to mortality. Providing a simulation‐based sedation training course (SEDTC) to various medical staff could be an effective strategy to improve patient and medical safety associated with sedation. The SEDTC generally includes basic airway management such as upper airway obstruction release or rapid response action toward excessive sedation, utilizing problem‐based learning or simulators. However, participation alone in the SEDTC can only achieve Level 1 (reaction) or 2 (learning) in the Kirkpatrick model. A patient safety improvement of Level 3 (transfer) or 4 (result) of the Kirkpatrick model can be achieved when all members related to sedation undergo experiential learning and reach a consensus. Accordingly, in‐hospital interprofessional SEDTC focusing on a resilience approach is essential to achieve effective sedation patient safety in Level 3 or 4 of the Kirkpatrick model.
Design of voltage stabilizers for high breakdown strength materials
Authors: Yu Decai , Mwasame Paul , Yu Xindi , Mukhopadhyay Sukrit , Rao Yuanqiao , Cogen Jeffrey , Person Tim
Published: December 2023

High breakdown strength material in the cable insulation layer is a key enabler for high voltage power transmission. In this work, we seek to design high‐performance voltage stabilizers to be compounded into polyethylene to improve its breakdown strength. We hypothesize that electron affinity (EA) and HOMO‐LUMO gap are two key factors that affect the performance of voltage stabilizers. To achieve larger EA and smaller HOMO‐LUMO gap, we propose to use aromatic molecules decorated with electron acceptors and donors. A search of an internal chemical database narrows down to 529 molecules using structure, ClogP, and H‐phrases (hazard statement) as criteria. The EA and HOMO‐LUMO gap of these molecules are then calculated and experiments are carried out to measure the performance of 20 molecules. The performance improvement does not show a significant correlation with either EA or HOMO‐LUMO gap. However, the best performers have an EA of 1.3–2.3 eV and HOMO‐LUMO gap of 3.2–5.2 eV. The experimental study shows that adding side groups to voltage stabilizers will typically degrade their performance because side groups will generally increase the distance between the HOMO‐LUMO orbitals and polyethylene backbone, and therefore decrease the electron/hole tunneling effectiveness.
A novel fluorescent aptasensor for the detection of theophylline based on cryonase‐driven signal amplification strategy
Authors: Feng Tingting , Kang Zhechen , Yan Shuzhu , Huang Yu , Liu Rui
Published: December 2023

In the study, we have developed an expedient and efficient method for the detection of theophylline based on the amplification of the signal intensity of fluorescence based on oxidized single‐walled carbon nanohorns (oxSWCNHs)/cryonase. When theophylline was not present in the system, oxSWCNHs can adequately adsorb nucleic acid probes labeled by carboxyfluorescein (FAM). In the presence of theophylline, the nucleic acid probe forms the tertiary probe–theophylline complex, which detaches from the surface of the oxSWCNHs. Then, upon reaction with cryonase, the complex can release the FAM and theophylline into the next cycle. The fluorescence signal of the system exhibits a 1:N magnification, enabling quantitative detection of theophylline. The linear range was 30–150 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 6.04 ng/mL. At the same time, it can also be used to detect theophylline in mouse serum.
Transforming layered 2D mats into multiphasic 3D nanofiber scaffolds with tailored gradient features for tissue regeneration
Authors: Shahriar S. M. Shatil , Polavoram Navatha Shree , Andrabi Syed Muntazir , Su Yajuan , Lee Donghee , Tran Huy Quang , Schindler Samantha J. , Xie Jingwei
Published: December 2023

Multiphasic scaffolds with tailored gradient features hold significant promise for tissue regeneration applications. Herein, this work reports the transformation of two‐dimensional (2D) layered fiber mats into three‐dimensional (3D) multiphasic scaffolds using a ‘solids‐of‐revolution’ inspired gas‐foaming expansion technology. These scaffolds feature precise control over fiber alignment, pore size, and regional structure. Manipulating nanofiber mat layers and Pluronic F127 concentrations allows further customization of pore size and fiber alignment within different scaffold regions. The cellular response to multiphasic scaffolds demonstrates that the number of cells migrated and proliferated onto the scaffolds is mainly dependent on the pore size rather than fiber alignment. In vivo subcutaneous implantation of multiphasic scaffolds to rats reveals substantial cell infiltration, neo tissue formation, collagen deposition, and new vessel formation within scaffolds, greatly surpassing the capabilities of traditional nanofiber mats. Histological examination indicates the importance of optimizing pore size and fiber alignment for the promotion of cell infiltration and tissue regeneration. Overall, these scaffolds have potential applications in tissue modeling, studying tissue‐tissue interactions, interface tissue engineering, and high‐throughput screening for optimized tissue regeneration.
Se‐Glargine: Chemical Synthesis of a Basal Insulin Analogue Stabilized by an Internal Diselenide Bridge
Authors: Weil‐Ktorza Orit , Dhayalan Balamurugan , Chen Yen‐Shan , Weiss Michael A. , Metanis Norman
Published: December 2023

Insulin has long provided a model for studies of protein folding and stability, enabling enhanced treatment of diabetes mellitus via analogue design. We describe the chemical synthesis of a basal insulin analogue stabilized by substitution of an internal cystine (A6–A11) by a diselenide bridge. The studies focused on insulin glargine (formulated as Lantus® and Toujeo®; Sanofi). Prepared at pH 4 in the presence of zinc ions, glargine exhibits a shifted isoelectric point due to a basic B chain extension (ArgB31−ArgB32). Subcutaneous injection leads to pH‐dependent precipitation of a long‐lived depot. Pairwise substitution of CysA6and CysA11by selenocysteine was effected by solid‐phase peptide synthesis; the modified A chain also contained substitution of AsnA21by Gly, circumventing acid‐catalyzed deamidation. Although chain combination of native glargine yielded negligible product, in accordance with previous synthetic studies, the pairwise selenocysteine substitution partially rescued this reaction: substantial product was obtained through repeated combination, yielding a stabilized insulin analogue. This strategy thus exploited both (a) the unique redox properties of selenocysteine in protein folding and (b) favorable packing of an internal diselenide bridge in the native state, once achieved. Such rational optimization of protein folding and stability may be generalizable to diverse disulfide‐stabilized proteins of therapeutic interest.
Prior roasting of wheat impacts on the functionality of flour prepared from it: Part 2. Wheat protein functionality
Authors: van Rooyen Jana , Delcour Jan A. , Oyeyinka Samson A. , Simsek Senay , Kidd Martin , Manley Marena
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives

In the accompanying paper (Part 1), it was reported that forced convection roasting of wheat before milling can be directed to tailor the viscosifying properties of flour. The objective of the present work was to examine the effect of prior wheat roasting on flour proteins.

Findings

Effective control of wheat roasting conditions proved to be essential to avoid the irreversible loss of flour functionality as deduced from the flour ethanol and lactic acid solvent retention capacity and mixography data. Response surface models predicted roasting at 108°C and 80 Hz (135 s) to maintain protein integrity. The microstructure of flour and isolated starch as well as X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed starch to be relatively unaffected by this heat treatment.

Conclusions

Flour produced from roasted wheat can still be used for products that require the formation of a gluten network.

Significance and Novelty

Protein is more sensitive to roasting conditions than starch.
Extension of the theory of adherence to treatment in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Kähkönen Outi , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Paukkonen Leila , Oikarinen Anne
Published: December 2023

Background

Increased knowledge of the concept of adherence is needed for development patient‐centered care, nursing interventions, and guidelines for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to test and extend the Theory of Adherence to Treatment regarding informational support in patients with CHD.

Methods

The study utilized an explanatory and descriptive survey. The study was conducted in 2013 and involved 416 patients in five hospitals in Finland. The Adherence of Patients with Chronic Disease instrument and the Social Support for People with CHD instrument were used. The model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results

SEM confirmed direct associations between motivation (β = 0.49, p < 0.001) and results of care (β = 0.29, p < 0.01), and indirect associations between sense of normality, fear of complications, support from nurses and next of kin, and informational support to adherence to a healthy lifestyle and medication. Informational support included information and advice on CHD risk factors, physical exercise, chest pain, medication, continuum of care, and rehabilitation. Indirect standardized path coefficients varied between 0.14 and 0.45. The model explained 45% of adherence to a healthy lifestyle and medication.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that informational support is a justified extension to the original Theory of Adherence to Treatment in Patients with CHD. Informational support seems to offer a new perspective that can be used to develop patient‐centered nursing interventions and thus support adherence to treatment by patients with a lifelong disease such as CHD.
Understanding the Role of Electrode Thickness on Redox Flow Cell Performance**
Authors: Muñoz‐Perales Vanesa , van der Heijden Maxime , de Haas Victor , Olinga Jacky , Vera Marcos , Forner‐Cuenca Antoni
Published: December 2023

The electrode thickness is a critical design parameter to engineer high performance redox flow cells by impacting the available surface area for reactions, current and potential distributions, and required pumping power. To date, redox flow cell assemblies employ repurposed off‐the‐shelf fibrous electrodes which feature a broad range of thicknesses. However, comprehensive guidelines to select the optimal electrode thickness for a given reactor architecture remain elusive. Here, we investigate the effect of the electrode thickness in the range of 200–1100 μm on the cell performance by stacking electrode layers in four different flow cell configurations – Freudenberg paper and ELAT cloth electrodes combined with flow‐through and interdigitated flow fields. We employ a suite of polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and pressure drop measurements together with pore network modeling simulations to correlate the electrode thickness for various reactor designs to the electrochemical and hydraulic performance. We find that thicker electrodes (420 μm paper electrodes and 812 μm cloth electrodes) are beneficial in combination with flow‐through flow fields, whereas when using interdigitated flow fields, thinner electrodes (210 μm paper electrodes and 406 μm cloth electrodes) result in a better current density and pressure drop trade‐off. We hope our findings will aid researchers and technology practitioners in designing their electrochemical flow cells under convective operation.
Enhancing Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells with Ionic Liquids: A Review
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Liu Huiyuan , Zhang Weiqi , Ma Qiang , Xu Qian , Hooshyari Khadijeh , Su Huaneng
Published: December 2023

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent a promising clean energy solution. However, their widespread adoption faces hurdles related to component optimization. This review explores the pivotal role of ionic liquids (ILs) in enhancing PEMFC performance, focusing on their role in polymer electrolyte membranes, catalyst modification, and other components. By addressing key obstacles, including proton conductivity, catalyst stability, and fuel crossover, ILs provide a pathway towards the widespread commercialization of PEMFCs. In the realm of PEMFC membranes, ILs have shown great potential in improving proton conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. Additionally, the utilization of ILs as catalyst modifiers has shown promise in enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of electrodes by serving as an effective stabilizer to promote the dispersion of metal nanoparticles, and reduce their agglomeration, thereby augmenting catalytic performance. Furthermore, ILs can be tailored to optimize the catalyst‐support interaction, ultimately enhancing the overall fuel cell efficiency. Their unique properties, such as high oxygen solubility and low volatility, offer advantages in terms of reducing mass transport and water management issues. This review not only underscores the promising advancements achieved thus far but also outlines the challenges that must be addressed to unlock the full potential of ILs in PEMFC technology, offering a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working toward the realization of efficient and durable PEMFCs.
Sauberer Wasserstoff aus Methanpyrolyse
Authors: Panchenko Alexander , Rieck Daniela , Flick Dieter , Hennig Gunnar , Bode Johannes , Rosendorfer Karin , Fölsch Sarah
Published: December 2023

Für die Transformation der chemischen Industrie hin zu einer klimaneutralen Zukunft ist sauberer Wasserstoff essenziell. Die Bedeutung von Wasserstoff als Energieträger wird deutlich größer werden als die heutige stoffliche Nutzung. Dampfreformierung von Methan, das derzeit gängigste Verfahren zur Wasserstoffherstellung, ist mit hohen CO2‐Emissionen verbunden. Die Methanpyrolyse hingegen, deren Skalierung in einem BMBF‐geförderten Projekt vorangetrieben wird, ist eine innovative Technologie zur klimafreundlichen Produktion von Wasserstoff. Die großtechnische Anwendung der Methanspaltung soll nach erfolgreicher Skalierung ab 2030 einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Senkung der Treibhausgasemissionen in der chemischen Industrie leisten.
Personality disorder type only sometimes matters: An exploration of patient's personality disorder as a source of variance in early therapeutic alliance
Authors: Prusiński Tomasz
Published: December 2023

Objective

The study aimed to analyse personality disorders among patients in the early phase of psychotherapy as a source of variance in the quality of the emerging alliance.

Methods

The sample consisted of 131 individual psychotherapy patients with borderline (BPD), narcissistic (NPD), dependent (DPD) and obsessive–compulsive (OCPD) personality disorders and 131 psychotherapists. Different sources of alliance estimation were included. Therapeutic alliance was operationalized on several dimensions. The hypothesis was tested using an independent samples one‐way analysis of variance.

Results

The study revealed a significant effect of personality disorder type on early therapeutic alliance quality. BPD patients rated their early alliance the lowest compared to NPD, DPD and OCPD patients. This trend was dominant and replicated regardless of who rated the alliance and which dimension of alliance was estimated.

Conclusions

NPD, DPD and OCPD patients have better initial therapeutic alliances than BPD patients, and their alliances do not differ significantly. BPD patients build weaker alliances, and what poses a challenge for them is not only developing a strong and close bond but also conceptualizing goals and reaching agreement on tasks.
Therapeutic frameworks in integration sessions in substance‐assisted psychotherapy: A systematised review
Authors: Thal Sascha B. , Baker Paris , Marinis Jonathon , Wieberneit Michelle , Sharbanee Jason M. , Bruno Raimundo , Skeffington Petra M. , Bright Stephen J.
Published: December 2023

Serotonergic psychedelics and related substances have been explored as potential adjuncts in substance‐assisted psychotherapy (SAPT) for treating various disorders. SAPT can be divided into three phases: preparation, administration and integration. Integration is commonly defined as the comprehension and effective application of insights from psychedelic experiences into everyday life. However, there is limited research regarding the most appropriate therapeutic approach during SAPT. In this article, we discuss the current evidence for different therapeutic frameworks for integration sessions when serotonergic psychedelics and entactogens are used as adjuncts to psychotherapy. We conducted a systematised review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines and searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. The final synthesis included 75 clinical trials, mixed‐methods investigations, treatment manuals, study protocols, quasi‐experiments, qualitative investigations, descriptive studies, opinion papers, reviews, books and book chapters, published until 11 November 2022. The effects that various therapeutic approaches for integration sessions have on therapeutic outcomes have not been investigated by means of rigorous research. Most of the available evidence we retrieved was not supported by empirical data, thus limiting any conclusive statements regarding appropriate therapeutic frameworks for integration sessions for SAPT. Current clinical studies have used a range of therapeutic frameworks with the majority drawing from the humanistic–experiential tradition. While integration is regarded as crucial for the safe application of SAPT, there is currently an insufficient evidence base to suggest that any type of therapy is effective for guiding integration sessions. A systematic investigation of different therapeutic frameworks for integration and additional therapy‐related factors is needed.
Reproducible Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Two‐Dimensional Cortical Neuron Cultures with Checkpoints for Success
Authors: Waxman Elisa A. , Dungan Lea V. , DeFlitch Leah M. , Merchant Julie P. , Gagne Alyssa L. , Goldberg Ethan M. , French Deborah L.
Published: December 2023

The patterning of excitatory cortical neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a desired technique for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders, as neurons can be created and compared from control hPSC lines, hPSC lines generated from patients, and CRISPR‐modified hPSC lines. Therefore, this technique allows for the examination of disease phenotypes and assists in the development of potential new therapeutics for neurodevelopmental disorders. Many protocols, however, are optimized for use with specific hPSC lines or within a single laboratory, and they often provide insufficient guidance on how to identify positive stages in the differentiation or how to troubleshoot. Here, we present an efficient and reproducible directed differentiation protocol to generate two‐dimensional cultures of hPSC‐derived excitatory cortical neurons without intermediary embryoid body formation. This novel protocol is supported by our data generated with five independent hPSC lines and in two independent laboratories. Importantly, as neuronal differentiations follow a long time course to reach maturity, we provide extensive guidance regarding morphological and flow cytometry checkpoints allowing for early indications of successful differentiation. We also include extensive troubleshooting tips and support protocols to assist the operator. The goal of this protocol is to assist others in the successful differentiation of excitatory cortical neurons from hPSCs. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Directed differentiation of hPSCs into excitatory cortical neurons

Support Protocol 1: Harvesting and fixing cells for flow cytometry analyses

Support Protocol 2: Performing flow cytometry analyses

Support Protocol 3: Thawing NPCs from a cryopreserved stock

Alternate Protocol 1: Continuing Expansion of NPCs

Alternate Protocol 2: Treatment of neurons with Ara‐C to ablate radial glia

Support Protocol 4: Experimental methods for validation of excitatory cortical neurons
The ratio of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 4I1 and 4I2 mRNA is changed in permanent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Vogt Sebastian , Ramzan Rabia , Cybulski Pia , Rhiel Annika , Weber Petra , Ruppert Volker , Irqsusi Marc , Rohrbach Susanne , Niemann Bernd , Mirow Nikolas , Rastan Ardawan J.
Published: December 2023

Aims

The conditions of hypoxia are suggested to induce permanent atrial fibrillation (AF). The regulation of COX4I2 and COX4I1 depends on oxygen availability in tissues. A role of COX4I2 in the myocardium of AF patients is supposed for pathogenesis of AF and subsequent alterations in the electron transfer chain (ETC) under hypoxia.

Methods and results

In vitro, influence of hypoxia on HeLa 53 cells was studied and elevated parts of COX 4I2 were confirmed. Myocardial biopsies were taken ex vivo from the patients' Right Atria with SR (n = 31) and AF (n = 11), respectively. RT‐ PCR for mRNA expresson, mitochondrial respiration by polarography and the protein content of cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx) subunit 4I1 and CytOx subunit 4I2 by ELISA were studied. Clinical data were correlated to the findings of gene expressions in parallel. Patients with permanent AF had a change in isoform 4I2/4I1 expression along with a decrease of isoform COX 4I1 expression. The 4I2/4I1 ratio of mRNA expression was increased from 0.630 to 1.058 in comparison. However, the protein content of CytOx subunit 4 was much lower in the AF group, whereas the respiration/units enzyme activity in both groups remained the same.

Conclusions

This study describes a possible molecular correlate for the development of AF. Due to the known functional significance of COX 4I2, mitochondrial dysfunction can be assumed as a part of the pathogenesis of AF.
Diastereoselective (8+3)‐Cycloadditions of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Tropothione
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Kowalczyk Mateusz , Palusiak Marcin , Oliver Gwyndaf A. , von Köller Heinrich F. , Werz Daniel B.
Published: December 2023

Reactions of dimethyl 2‐arylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates, used as representatives of D‐A cyclopropanes, with tropothione were carried out in the presence of scandium triflate as a catalyst, under mild conditions (CH2Cl2 solution, rt). The anticipated (8+3)‐cycloaddition products, cycloheptatriene fused thiopyrans, were obtained in good to excellent yields. Cycloadditions occurred with complete diastereoselectivity and in all cases single diastereomers were formed. Structures of isolated cycloadducts were established based on spectroscopic data and in two cases they were unambiguously confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In contrast to an analogous (8+3)‐cycloaddition reported for parent tropone, which was performed in the presence of Ni(ClO4)2, no 1,3‐H shift leading to products possessing a CH2 moiety located within the seven‐membered ring was observed.
Effects of Lamiaceae family plants and their bioactive ingredients on coronavirus‐induced lung inflammation
Authors: Kianmehr Majid , Khazdair Mohammad Reza , Abbasnezhad Abbasali , Akram Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a family of viruses that cause infection in respiratory and intestinal systems. Different types of CoVs, those responsible for the SARS‐CoV and the new global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 in people, have been found. Some plants were used as food additives: spices and dietary and/or medicinal purposes in folk medicine. We aimed to provide evidence about possible effects of two Lamiaceae family plants on control or treatment of CoVs‐induced inflammation. The keywords including coronaviruses, Thymus vulgaris, Zataria multiflora, thymol, carvacrol, antivirus, and anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects were searched in various databases such as PubMed, Web of Sciences (ISI), and Google Scholar until September 2022. The medicinal herbs and their main ingredients, thymol and carvacrol, showed antiviral properties and reduced inflammatory mediators, including IL‐1β; IL‐6, and TNF‐α, at both gene and protein levels but increased the levels of IFN‐γ in the serum as anti‐inflammatory cytokine. These medicinal herbs and their constituents also reduce oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant capacity. The results of molecular docking analyses also indicated that polyphenol components such as thymol, carvone, and carvacrol could inhibit the entry of the viruses into the host cells in molecular docking analyses. The antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of these plants may be due to actions of their phenolic compounds that modulate immune response and may be useful in the control and treatment of CoV‐induced lung disorder.
Towards stable electrode–electrolyte interphases: Regulating solvation structures in electrolytes for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Ma Mengying , Huang Renzhi , Ling Min , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Pan Huilin
Published: December 2023

Rechargeable batteries are highly in demand to power various electronic devices and future smart electric grid energy storage. The electrode–electrolyte interphases play a crucial role in influencing the electrochemical performance of batteries, with the solvation chemistries of the electrolyte being particularly significant in regulating these interfacial reactions. However, the reaction mechanisms of electrolyte solvation and their specific functions in batteries are not yet fully understood. In this review, we embark on an exploration of the fundamental principles governing solvation and present a comprehensive overview of how solvation structures impact interfacial reactions at the electrode–electrolyte interface. We underscore the significance of interactions among cations, anions, and solvents in shaping electrolyte solvation structures. The primary strategies for controlling solvation structures are also discussed, including the optimization of salt concentrations, solvent interactions, and the introduction of functional cosolvents. Furthermore, we elucidate the oxidation/reduction reaction mechanisms of electrolyte components in different solvation structures and the new understanding of electrolyte additives in modulating interfacial chemistries in batteries. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of incorporating new characterization techniques and theoretical simulations to attain a deeper understanding of the intricate processes taking place within batteries. This review provides an in‐depth understanding in solvations and interphasial properties and new ideas for designing advanced functional electrolytes for rechargeable batteries.
Panel data nowcasting: The case of price–earnings ratios
Authors: Babii Andrii , Ball Ryan T. , Ghysels Eric , Striaukas Jonas
Published: December 2023

The paper uses structured machine learning regressions for nowcasting with panel data consisting of series sampled at different frequencies. Motivated by the problem of predicting corporate earnings for a large cross‐section of firms with macroeconomic, financial, and news time series sampled at different frequencies, we focus on the sparse‐group LASSO regularization which can take advantage of the mixed‐frequency time series panel data structures. Our empirical results show the superior performance of our machine learning panel data regression models over analysts' predictions, forecast combinations, firm‐specific time series regression models, and standard machine learning methods.
Effect of large d0 cation doping on gamma‐alumina's acid–base and catalytic properties
Authors: Garbarino Gabriella , Riani Paola , Comite Antonio , Finocchio Elisabetta , Busca Guido
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Catalysts based on alumina‐supported metal oxides are of crucial importance in the field of heterogeneous catalysis for several applications requiring tuning of surface acidity.

RESULTS

In this work, the effects of K+, Ca2+ and La3+ cation doping have been evaluated on a well‐characterized commercial γ‐Al2O3 through morphological characterization and surface characterization (Brunauer–Emmet–Teller, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The conversion of ethanol as a test reaction was performed over these catalysts. The impregnated oxide species essentially remain at the surface, resulting in the partial poisoning of the strongest alumina Lewis acid sites. Moreover, oxide anions may increase basicity at the surface. The doping results in a significant decrease in catalytic activity in ethanol conversion to diethyl ether and to ethylene, which is shifted at higher temperatures. On the other side, higher activity in the formation of C4 olefins was detected, namely on the K‐doped alumina.

CONCLUSION

The partial poisoning of the strongest alumina Lewis acid sites and the presence at the surface of new more basic cation–anion couples result in significant changes in catalytic ethanol conversion. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
TS‐2021, a third‐generation oncolytic adenovirus that carried Ki67 promoter, TGF‐β2 5′UTR, and IL−15 against experimental glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Jialin , Zhang Junwen , Zhang Qing , Zhang Wenxin , Zhang Qi , Jin Guishan , Liu Fusheng
Published: December 2023

Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, although the outcomes are partially satisfactory. Hence, more effective strategies are needed urgently to modify therapeutic viruses to enhance their efficiency and safety in killing tumor cells and improve the survival rate of GBM patients. This study generated a new‐generation oncolytic adenovirus Ad5 KT‐E1A‐IL‐15 (TS‐2021) and evaluated its antitumor efficacy. Ex vivo analyses revealed Ki67 and TGF‐β2 co‐localized in GBM cells. In addition, TS‐2021 selectively replicated in GBM cells, which was dependent on the expression of Ki67 and TGF‐β2. The immunocompetent mice model of GBM demonstrated the in vivo efficacy of TS‐2021 by inhibiting tumor growth and improving survival proficiently. Notably, TS‐2021 effectively reduced MMP3 expression by inactivating the MKK4/JNK pathway, thereby reducing tumor invasiveness. Altogether, the findings of the present study highlight that TS‐2021 can effectively target GBM cells expressing high levels of Ki67 and TGF‐β2, exerting potent antitumor effects. Additionally, it can improve efficacy and suppress tumor invasiveness by inhibiting the MKK4/JNK/MMP3 pathway. Thus our study demonstrates the efficiency of the novel TS‐2021 in the mouse model and provides a potential therapeutic option for patients with GBM.
Treatment of Palmar Hyperhidrosis With Radiofrequency Microneedling‐Based on Ultrasound Measurements
Authors: Kim Won Oak
Published: December 2023

This study addresses the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis, which has been difficult to manage. A new treatment has been developed using radiofrequency microneedling to reduce sweating non‐surgically by ablating sweat glands. Based on ultrasound measurements of the dermis and precise microneedling damage, effective energy was applied to locate the sweat glands and disabled their function. Radiofrequency microneedling with ultrasound can safely and effectively treat hyperhidrosis in a minimally invasive way.
Red Snapper connectivity in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Vaz Ana C. , Karnauskas Mandy , Smith Matthew , Denson LaTreese S. , Paris Claire B. , Le Hénaff Matthieu , Siegfried Kate
Published: December 2023

Objective

Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus is a valued, heavily exploited fish species in the Gulf of Mexico. The species is distributed over a wide variety of habitats through its life history, and current evidence suggests moderate to high site fidelity, with particularly small home ranges and high residency times when fish are associated with reef structures. Given these life history traits, it is not surprising that within the gulf, there is evidence that the overall population is composed of multiple subpopulations. Thus, dispersal of early life stages plays an important role in the Red Snapper gulf population structure and dynamics, as embryo and larvae can be transported for longer distances, driving stock mixing and supplying recruits to sustain and replenish local subpopulations. Here, we assess the connectivity patterns of Red Snapper driven by larval dispersal in the Gulf of Mexico by simulating dispersal and recruitment.

Methods

This study employs a modeling approach to examine the probabilistic connectivity patterns of Red Snapper influenced by larval dispersal in the Gulf of Mexico. It investigates the impact of local oceanography, species behavior, and demographics on Red Snapper population structure. We estimate the spatial characteristics of Red Snapper dispersal, quantifying connectivity and larval supply fluxes between management jurisdictions, including state boundaries and the three-area boundaries recently selected during the stock identification portion of the Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper Research Track Assessment. We use the modeled probability of settlement as a proxy for recruitment.

Result

Our results indicate that Red Snapper recruitment occurs mostly close to their spawning sites (median distance 80 km). Simulated dispersal revealed exchange of Red Snapper larvae across state boundaries, with Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana receiving a considerable supply of recruits from other states. Finally, estimation of subpopulations based on larval exchange support the areal divisions used within the research track stock assessment.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that interstate cooperation in heavily connected regions could benefit management of the species by optimizing sustainable exploitation across the Gulf of Mexico.
Does digital industry agglomeration bring substantive green innovation?—Empirical analysis of SPDM and PTR models based on spatiotemporal dual fixation
Authors: Wang Xinjuan , Diao Yanxia , Han Dongri
Published: December 2023

Digitally driven green high‐quality development is an essential way to realize Chinese‐style green modernization. This paper uses exploratory spatial data analysis, the spatial panel Durbin model, and the panel threshold model. The results show that the spatial correlation between substantive green innovation and digital industry agglomeration is significantly positive. Digital industry agglomeration has a positive spatial spillover effect on substantive green innovation. Under the adjustment of two mechanisms, digital industry agglomeration, and government innovation preference, the optimistic impact of digital industry agglomeration on substantive green innovation shows a “gradient” growth.
Lactobacillus acidophilus‐Fermented Jujube Juice Ameliorates Chronic Liver Injury in Mice via Inhibiting Apoptosis and Improving the Intestinal Microecology
Authors: Zhang Yu , Fang Haitian , Wang Tong , Zhang Zhigang , Zhu Tianxiang , Xiong Lei , Hu Haiming , Liu Hongtao
Published: December 2023

Scope

Chronic liver diseases are clinically silent and responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Jujube has displayed various biological activities. Here, the therapeutic effect ofLactobacillus acidophilus(L. acidophilus)‐fermented jujube juice (FJJ) and the possible mechanism against chronic liver injury (CLI) in mice are further studied.

Methods and results

After the CCl4‐induced CLI mice are separately treated withL. acidophilus(LA), unfermented jujube juice (UFJJ), and FJJ, FJJ but not LA or UFJJ suppresses the liver index. By using H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining, RT‐PCR, and western blotting, it is shown that LA, UFJJ, and FJJ intervention ameliorate hepatocyte necrosis, inhibit the mRNA levels of pro‐inflammatory (NLRP3, Caspase‐1, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α) and fibrosis‐associated factors (TGF‐β1, LXRα, and MMP2). Also, FJJ displays significant protection against mucosal barrier damage in CLI mice. Among the three interventions, FJJ exhibits the best therapeutic effect, followed by UFJJ and LA. Furthermore, FJJ improves dysbiosis in CLI mice.

Conclusions

This study suggests that FJJ exhibits a protective effect against CCl4‐induced CLI mice by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress, regulating liver lipid metabolism, and improving gut microecology. Jujube juice fermentation withL. acidophiluscan be a food‐grade supplement in treating CLI and related liver diseases.
Real‐world onabotulinumtoxinA treatment patterns in patients with overactive bladder
Authors: Chughtai Bilal , Ricker Christine N. , Boldt Ryan J. , Elterman Dean
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Utilization patterns of third‐line onabotulinumtoxinA for overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms—including discontinuation and use of other therapeutic options during or after treatment—are not well understood. This retrospective analysis of administrative claims was designed to characterize the unmet need for OAB treatment.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective claims analysis of Optum's deidentified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database (2009–2021) was performed among patients with diagnosis of OAB newly starting onabotulinumtoxinA injection (2015–2017). Study measures were evaluated during an 18‐month pretreatment baseline and over a minimum of 36 months of follow‐up. These included number of injections, days between injections, other measures of onabotulinumtoxinA utilization, use of second‐line pharmacologic treatments, use of device and surgical treatment options, and complications.

Results

Of 2505 eligible patients, 535 (21.4%; 66.8 ± 13.3 y, 87.3% females) continued onabotulinumtoxinA throughout the study. The remaining 1970 (78.6%; 71.4 ± 11.6 y, 79.1% females) were considered discontinuers. Of continuers, 57% received ≥5 treatments. Of discontinuers, 84% received ≤2 treatments. Anticholinergics and β3‐adrenoceptor agonist medication use declined in all patients from baseline to follow‐up; however, the absolute reduction in the proportion with any medication fill was similar across continuers versus discontinuers (21% vs. 18%, p < 0.0001). Sacral neuromodulation was initiated by 15/535 (3%) of continuers and 137/1970 (7%) of discontinuers (p < 0.0001). No patients initiated percutaneous tibial neuromodulation.

Conclusions

Early discontinuation of onabotulinumtoxinA therapy for OAB is common and most discontinuers do not receive alternative treatments. Providers have the opportunity to educate OAB patients with un‐ or undertreated symptoms regarding alternative options.