bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First record of two invasive aquatic weeds Ludwigia repens (Onagraceae) and Myriophyllum aquaticum (Haloragaceae) in Poland
Authors: Pliszko Artur
Published: December 2024

The aquarium trade has contributed to the introduction of many invasive alien plant species that threaten the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems around the world. In this study, I present the first Polish record of Ludwigia repens (Onagraceae) and Myriophyllum aquaticum (Haloragaceae), two invasive alien aquatic plants cultivated in aquaria. The plants were found on the shores and in the waters of an artificial pond in Kraków, southern Poland, in 2024. The location and abundance of both species are documented, and their introduction pathway and naturalization potential are discussed. Moreover, since M. aquaticum belongs to the invasive alien species of European Union concern and requires rapid eradication, its occurrence was reported to the Kraków City Office, following Polish law.
Migrant and Refugee Youth’s Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: A Gender Comparison of Knowledge, Behaviour, and Experiences
Authors: Napier-Raman Sharanya , Bidewell John , Hossain Syeda Zakia , Mpofu Elias , Lee Mi-Joung , Liamputtong Pranee , Dune Tinashe
Published: December 2024

Young adulthood is a crucial life stage, during which major sexual and reproductive health (SRH) development occurs, and gender norms are often entrenched. Australian migrant and refugee youth (MRY) have particular SRH experiences and vulnerabilities such as under-use of services, higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unplanned pregnancy, and experiences of community and family stigma. There is limited research on how gender intersects with ethnicity, migrant status and age to inform understandings and realisation of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). Explorations of how gender shapes SRHR have typically been unilateral, focusing on one gender: there is a significant gap in scholarship investigating gender differences among MRY experiences of SRHR. This study will fill this gap, contributing to conceptual knowledge about the experience of SRHR among migrant and refugee youth. This cross-sectional study collected data from 107 MRY aged 15–27 years, living in Western Sydney, Australia. An online survey – including multiple-choice, Likert-scale, and open-text questions – examining behaviour, knowledge, attitudes, service utilisation and rights awareness was used. Key measures included knowledge of various contraceptives and STIs; vaccination rates; attitudes towards SRH taboos; and service use. Participants were recruited using snowball and purposive sampling, incorporating recruitment via social media, community and social service organisations, and word of mouth. Univariate descriptive analysis and bivariate gender analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS. Most participants were female (69%). Non-consensual experiences were gendered: there was a significant association between gender and being pressured into sex (p = < 0.001), with 45% of females experiencing pressure compared with 9% of males, and males significantly more comfortable discussing consent with partners than females (p = .011). Knowledge outcomes were, however, poorer among males, who had significantly lower contraceptive awareness (p = .023), and lower STI awareness. Service access was conspicuously low, with three quarters of participants unaware of local SRH services. Male participants were significantly more likely to select not applicable when asked which services they had used, indicating non-use. In attitudes towards key SRH taboos, females were consistently more liberal than males. Male and female MRY have gender-specific SRHR vulnerabilities. Issues of consent disproportionately impact young women, while males have lower service access and SRH knowledge. Future policy development must consider shared experiences – engaging youth with services – and gender-specific needs – targeting young men in SRH education, addressing continued consent issues.
Experiences of mothers of children with and without Special Educational Needs (SEN) in England during the COVID-19 lockdowns: a qualitative study
Authors: Morgül Evren , Kallitsoglou Angeliki , Essau Cecilia
Published: December 2024

The present study qualitatively examined the experiences of caregivers of primary school children with and without SEN in relation to their socioemotional wellbeing and how they coped during the COVID-19 pandemic in England. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 London-based mothers of 5–12-year-old children, half of whom had children with Special Educational Needs (SEN). The interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, allowing for a comparative exploration of the experiences of mothers with children with SEN and those without. The analysis generated four themes: (1) opportunities (2) challenges (3) post-pandemic considerations (4) coping strategies. Findings showed that caregivers of both SEN and non-SEN children experienced several opportunities or challenges after the initial lockdown in 2020. Both groups of caregivers reported similar long-term experiences in terms of opportunities. However, almost all caregivers in SEN group reported distinctive challenges about support services and mental health decline. In terms of coping strategies, SEN mothers placed a greater emphasis on the importance of adapting to change and establishing new routines. They also used more mental health services for themselves and their children during lockdowns compared to non-SEN mothers. Regarding the post-pandemic considerations, almost all caregivers, regardless of their children’s SEN status, expressed significant concerns about future uncertainties. This study highlights the unique challenges and opportunities experienced by caregivers, particularly emphasizing the nuanced needs of SEN families. The findings underscore the necessity for robust mental health support frameworks and tailored support strategies to address these needs. Implications for future research include further exploration of long-term support mechanisms for SEN families and a broader investigation into the diverse coping strategies across different caregiver populations.
Does mixed reality influence joint action? Impact of the mixed reality setup on users’ behavior and spatial interaction
Authors: Brument Hugo , De Pace Francesco , Podkosova Iana
Published: December 2024

Understanding how people effectively perform actions together is fundamental when designing Collaborative Mixed Reality (CMR) applications. While most of the studies on CMR mostly considered either how users are immersed in the CMR (e.g., in virtual or augmented reality) or how the physical workspace is shared by users (i.e., distributed or collocated), little is known about how their combination could influence user’s interaction in CMR. In this paper, we present a user study (n = 46, 23 pairs) that investigates the effect of the mixed reality setup on the user’s immersion and spatial interaction during a joint-action task. Groups of two participants had to perform two types of joint actions while carrying a virtual rope to maintain a certain distance: (1) Gate, where participants had to pass through a virtual aperture together, and (2) Fruit, where participants had to use a rope to slice a virtual fruit moving in the CMR. Users were either in a distributed or collocated setup and either immersed in virtual or augmented reality. Our results showed that the immersion type and location setup altered users’ proxemics as well as the users’ subjective experience. In particular, we noticed better task performance when users were in augmented reality and more considerable distances between players while interacting in a distributed setup. These results contribute to the understanding of joint action in CMR and are discussed to improve the design of CMR applications.
Uncertainty quantification for conical hole expansion test of DP800 sheet metal
Authors: Pham Quoc Tuan , Barlo Alexander , Islam Md Shafiqul , Sigvant Mats , Pilthammar Johan , Caro Lluís Pérez , Kesti Vili
Published: December 2024

The hole expansion ratio (HER) observed in a standardized hole expansion test (HET) is commonly used to determine the edge fracture of steel sheets. A large variation of the measured HER restricts the practical application of the method. This study presents a systematic investigation on uncertainties in the HER of DP800 sheet material, including the hole-edge quality, pre-strain due to the hole-punching process, the friction coefficient, and the determination of fracture. An artificial neural network was trained to develop a surrogate model using a database gained from a thousand finite element simulations of the HET. Monte-Carlo simulations were performed using the trained surrogate model to characterize the distribution of the HER. Sensitivity analysis via Sobol’s indices is calculated to determine the influence of the input variables on the output. It is found that the pre-strain and pre-damage generated during the hole punching process in the shear-affected zone dominate the variation of the HER. Discussions on reducing the output’s variation are detailed. In general, these findings provide valuable insights for the determination of HER as well as the edge crack behavior of the investigated DP800 steel sheet.
SNGNN2D-v2: A GNN-Based Model for the Generation of Human-Aware Cost Maps in Dynamic Environments
Authors: Rodriguez-Criado Daniel , Bachiller-Burgos Pilar , Calderita Luis V. , Manso Luis J.
Published: December 2024

Navigating dynamic, human-populated environments is a critical challenge for mobile robots, as they must balance effective pathfinding with minimizing social disruption. Cost maps can combine information from different nature and are more interpretable than final control signals. This paper addresses the generation of real-time cost maps in human-aware navigation (HAN) by introducing SNGNN2D-v2, a graph neural network designed and trained to capture social interactions and respond to dynamic elements in human-populated environments. SNGNN2D-v2 is evaluated through three types of experiments. The first involves deploying a real robot in a controlled indoor environment and assessing the disturbance caused by the robot when driven by the model. The second experiment tests the proposed model under more complex and unfavorable conditions using simulated environments. Both experiments include a comparison with other proposals using social and navigation metrics. The third experiment compares SNGNN2D-v2 with an end-to-end CNN-based method to evaluate how models generalize across changes in the appearance of the environment and its elements. The results from these experiments suggest that SNGNN2D-v2 is an effective model for human-aware cost map generation for dynamic environments. Its ability to capture dynamic information, generalize across scenarios with different appearances, and represent social interactions could contribute to the development of human-friendly robots.
Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase visfatin activates JAK2-STAT3 pathway in cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Lei Yun , Shu Dan , Xia Jianyu , Zhang Tao , Wei He
Published: December 2024

Background

Metastasis is one of the major challenges in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), during which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment are critically involved.

Objective

In this study, we aim to explore the regulatory role of extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Visfatin and its impact on CRC metastasis.

Methods

To examine the effect of visfatin on CAFs, human CRC tissue-derived CAFs were exposed to visfatin, and the expression of inflammatory factors, activation of JAK-STAT pathway and production of ROS in CAFs were assessed. To examine the effect of visfatin-treated CAFs on CRC metastasis, human CRC cell line SW480 or SW620 were cultured with the conditioned medium derived from visfatin-treated CAFs, and the invasion and migration ability of SW480 or SW620 cells were evaluated by transwell migration and matrigel invasion assays.

Results

Our previous study found that visfatin, a secreted form of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase that governs the rate-limiting step of NAD synthesis, promoted CRC metastasis. However, little is known about the effect of visfatin on CAFs. The conditioned medium derived from visfatin- treated CAFs promotes the migratory and invasive capability of CRC cells, and enhance lung metastasis in mouse model. Visfatin treatment stimulated the expression of a couple of inflammatory factors in CAFs, which was mediated by visfatin-induced activation of JAK- STAT pathway and accumulation of ROS. Inhibition of JAK-STAT pathway or neutralization of cellular ROS attenuated visfatin-mediated migration and invasion of CRC cells.

Conclusions

The present work highlights a critical role of visfatin in the crosstalk between CRC cells and CAFs, which moonlight as a non-metabolic extracellular signal molecule to hijacks JAK-STAT pathway in CAFs to promote CRC metastasis.
The immune mechanism of the mTOR/ACC1/CPT1A fatty acid oxidation signaling pathway in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Zhang Lu , He Mengfan , Liu Yanyan , Wang Baohua , Xie Xingjie , Liu Haixia
Published: December 2024

Background

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), which is distinguished by high thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) or thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). The differentiation of CD4+T cell subsets in patients with HT is imbalanced, with Treg cells decreased and Th17 cells abnormally activated. Fatty acid oxidation supports the differentiation of Th17 cells and induces inflammation, but the specific mechanism is still unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of fatty acid oxidation and its pathway in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis and the immune mechanism.

Methods

In in vitro experiments, a total of 60 HT patients and 20 healthy controls were selected and their CD4+T cells were sorted by magnetic beads. All 80 samples were divided into 4 groups on average: HC group (Healthy control group), HT group (Hashimoto thyroiditis CD4+T cell inactive group), TCC group(Hashimoto thyroiditis CD4+T cell activation), TCC + ETO group(Hashimoto thyroiditis CD4+T cell activation + Etomoxir group). In in vivo experiments, the mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: Con group(Control group), mTg group (CBA/J mice were injected with mTg for modeling, that is EAT mice group), and mTg + ETO group (Etomoxir intervention in EAT mice group). Fatty acid oxidation substrates of CD4+T cells in human peripheral blood were detected by targeted metabolomics. The expressions of key fatty acid oxidation proteins mTOR, ACC1 and CPT1A were detected by Western blotting. The proportion of CD4+T cell subtype differentiation in human and mouse models was detected by flow cytometry. The severity of EAT was detected by HE staining.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, the level of CPT1A in CD4+T cells of HT patients was increased, and the intracellular fatty acid content was significantly decreased, indicating that the level of fatty acid oxidation was enhanced in HT patients. After adding Etomoxir, the level of fatty acid oxidation was significantly inhibited, and the imbalance of CD4+T cell subpopulation differentiation in HT patients was reversed. In EAT mice, the mTOR/ACC1/CPT1A pathway was significantly activated, and its expression level was decreased after adding Etomoxir. At the same time, Etomoxir could reverse the reprogramming of abnormal metabolism in EAT mice cells, reduce the spleen index, and improve lymphocyte infiltration in the thyroid.

Conclusions

The mTOR/ACC1/CPT1A fatty acid oxidation pathway of CD4+T cells in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was increased, and treatment with Etomoxir could inhibit the activation of this pathway, and reverse the reprogramming of abnormal metabolism in CD4+T cells, thereby reducing Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Chain-structured neural architecture search for financial time series forecasting
Authors: Levchenko Denis , Rappos Efstratios , Ataee Shabnam , Nigro Biagio , Robert-Nicoud Stephan
Published: December 2024

Neural architecture search (NAS) emerged as a way to automatically optimize neural networks for a specific task and dataset. Despite an abundance of research on NAS for images and natural language applications, similar studies for time series data are lacking. Among NAS search spaces, chain-structured are the simplest and most applicable to small datasets like time series. We compare three popular NAS strategies on chain-structured search spaces: Bayesian optimization (specifically Tree-structured Parzen Estimator), the hyperband method, and reinforcement learning in the context of financial time series forecasting. These strategies were employed to optimize simple well-understood neural architectures like the MLP, 1D CNN, and RNN, with more complex temporal fusion transformers (TFT) and their own optimizers included for comparison. We find Bayesian optimization and the hyperband method performing best among the strategies, and RNN and 1D CNN best among the architectures, but all methods were very close to each other with a high variance due to the difficulty of working with financial datasets. We discuss our approach to overcome the variance and provide implementation recommendations for future users and researchers.
Natural Language Ontology and Semantic Theory
Authors: Liefke Kristina
Published: December 2024

This Element gives an introduction to the emerging discipline of natural language ontology. Natural language ontology is an area at the interface of semantics, metaphysics, and philosophy of language that is concerned with which kinds of objects are assumed by our best semantic theories. The Element reviews different strategies for identifying a language's ontological commitments. It observes that, while languages share a large number of their ontological commitments (such as to individuals, properties, events, and kinds), they differ in other commitments (for example, to degrees). The Element closes by relating different language and theory-specific ontologies, and by pointing out the merits and challenges of identifying inter-category relations within a single ontology.
The Politics of Monotheism
Authors: Bergem Ragnar M.
Published: December 2024

Monotheism, the belief in the One True God, seems to have an ambiguous role in political life: On the one hand, monotheism may foster the inclusion of everybody, regardless of identity or background. On the other, monotheistic religions demand submission to a singular revealed truth, distinguish between faithful and the heretics, and thus seemingly promote an antagonistic and tribalistic politics. What, then, are the political implications of the monotheistic belief in absolute truth? This Element traces the Enlightenment origins of our contemporary debates about monotheism and argues that these debates reflect a deeper Western ambivalence towards religion. It does so while discussing both secular and Christian critics of the politics of monotheism. The Element contends that there is no singular politics of monotheism, and that we can only approach monotheism's political significance if we take seriously the various ways in which truth is represented in political life in monotheistic traditions.
The Moral Foundation of Right
Authors: Guyer Paul
Published: December 2024

Kant defined 'Right' (Recht) as the condition that obtains among a population of physically embodied persons capable of setting their own ends who live on a finite surface and therefore cannot avoid interaction with each other if each is as free to set their own ends as is consistent with the freedom of all to do the same. He regarded this rational idea, heir to the traditional idea of 'natural Right, as the test of the legitimacy of the laws of any actual state, or 'positive Right.' He clearly considered Right to be part of morality as a whole, namely the coercively enforceable part, as contrasted to Ethics, which is the non-coercively enforceable part of morality. Some have questioned whether Right is part of morality, but this Element shows how Kant's "Universal Principle of Right" follows straightforwardly from the foundational idea of Kant's moral philosophy as a whole.
Hate Speech
Authors: Ruscher Janet B.
Published: December 2024

Hate speech comprises any form of hateful or contemptuous expression that attacks, degrades, or vilifies people based on their social identities. This Element focuses on hate speech targeting social identities that are devalued by a society's dominant groups, and that is likely to evoke, promote, or legitimize harms such violence, discrimination, and oppression. After detailing the ways in which hate speech is expressed (e.g., through derogatory labels, metaphors, offensive imagery), the production of hate speech is explored at theindividual level (e.g., prejudiced attitudes), group level (e.g., realistic intergroup threat), and societal level (e.g., hierarchy maintenance; free speech protections). A discussion of the effects of blatant and anonymous hate speech on targets (e.g., anxiety and depression) and nontargets (e.g., stereotype activation; desensitization; fomenting violence) follows. Finally, the effectiveness of mitigation efforts isexplored, including use of computer-based technologies, speech codes, confrontation, and counterspeech.
Global South Leadership Style
Authors: Adekola Abel Femi , Pearl Mona , Sergi Bruno S. , Muszynski III Richard J.
Published: December 2024

The Global South consists of emerging nations with increasing economic and political strength, drawing attention to their unique leadership challenges and opportunities. Visionary leaders from the Global South leverage their political and economic influence to challenge the status quo and reshape the global order. Thus, Global South's leadership has the potential for a revolutionary future, defined by its distinctive experiences, creative energy, and dedication to a more sustainable global order. This Element promotes a new paradigm shift by acknowledging the regions as a unique leadership concept rather than a geographical classification. The Global South Leadership Index identifies new players, agendas, and pathways to provide a framework for other countries who want to follow suit. The Element sidesteps labeling leaders explicitly with terms like democratic or dictatorial. It allows readers to interpret the governance style and leadership dynamics for themselves, resulting in a more nuanced understanding.
Understanding and Coping in Social Relationships with Narcissists
Authors: Brunell Amy B , Hermann Anthony D
Published: December 2024

Narcissism is a trait that comes in different forms (agentic, communal, and vulnerable), which are all marked by characteristics such as entitlement, self-centeredness, and little empathy for others. One reason narcissism has gained attention among scholars and laypeople alike is because of its implications for social relationships. Narcissists' behaviors frequently have negative consequences for others. Whether their relationships are with coworkers or close relationship partners, interactions with narcissists can be challenging and emotionally taxing. Despite this, there is a sparse amount of research that addresses how to cope with difficult narcissistic relationships. This Element includes an overview of the trait forms of narcissism and discusses its implications for their social relationships. It provides a background about the development of narcissism and offers some research-informed suggestions for how to cope in narcissistic relationships. Future directions for research are also discussed.
Jewish Concepts of Divine Oneness
Authors: Jindo Job Y.
Published: December 2024

This book offers a selective, typological overview of Jewish perspectives on the belief in God's oneness. To achieve this, the author divides the history of Judaism into four phases - biblical, rabbinic, medieval, and modern - and presents diverse models for understanding the reality of divine oneness within each phase. These models not only offers insight into different perspectives on the topic but also illuminate diverse layers of polemical discourse in the Jewish tradition, whether internal or in dialogue with other religions and worldviews. In addition, the author invites readers to consider how to think about the plurality of the perspectives at hand, and if and how such meta-reflection can enrich the lives of contemporary readers, Jewish and non-Jewish alike. No prior knowledge of Judaism is necessary.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and behaviours in young people presenting with a first episode of psychosis
Authors: FitzPatrick Patrick , Brown Ellie , Street Rebekah , O’Donoghue Brian
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Suicide accounts for a proportion of the early mortality in people affected by psychotic disorders. The early phase of illness can represent a particularly high-risk time for suicide. Therefore, in a cohort of young people presenting with first-episode psychosis, this study aimed to determine: (i) the prevalence of suicidal ideation, intent with plan and self-harm and any associated demographic or clinical factors and (ii) the prevalence of depressive symptoms and any associated demographic or clinical factors.

Methods:

Young people with a first episode of psychosis attending the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre in Melbourne were included. Suicidal behaviours were recorded using a structured risk assessment – ‘Clinical Risk Assessment and Management in the Community’, and depressive symptoms were measured using the PHQ-9.

Results:

A total of 355 young people were included in the study. 57.2% were male, 95.4% were single and over one quarter were migrants. At the time of presentation, 34.6% had suicidal ideation, 6.2% had suicidal intent with a plan, and 21.4% had engaged in self-harm before their presentation. Combined, 39.7% (n = 141) presented with suicidal ideation, intent with plan or self-harm. A total of 71.5% (n = 118) had moderately severe or severe depressive symptoms, which was strongly associated with suicidal ideation or behaviours at the time of presentation (OR = 4.21, 95% C.I. 2.10–8.44).

Conclusions:

Depressive symptoms, self-harm and suicidal behaviours are commonly present in the early phases of a psychotic disorder, which has important clinical implications for assessment and management.
Prolate spheroids settling in a quiescent fluid: clustering, microstructures and collisions
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Xu Chunxiao , Zhao Lihao
Published: December 2024

In this study we investigate the sedimentation of prolate spheroids in a quiescent fluid by means of the particle-resolved direct numerical simulation. With the increase of the particle volume fraction

$\phi$

from

$0.1\,\%$

to

$10\,\%$

, we observe a non-monotonic variation of the mean settling velocity of particles,

$\langle V_s \rangle$

. By virtue of the Voronoi analysis, we find that the degree of particle clustering is highest when

$\langle V_s \rangle$

reaches the local maximum at

$\phi =1\,\%$

. Under the swarm effect, clustered particles are found to preferentially sample downward fluid flows in the wake regions, leading to the enhancement of the settling speed. As for lower or higher volume fractions, the tendency of particle clustering and the preferential sampling of downward flows are attenuated. The hindrance effect becomes predominant when the volume fraction exceeds 5 % and reduces

$\langle V_s \rangle$

to less than the isolated settling velocity. Particle orientation plays a minor role in the mean settling velocity, although individual prolate particles still tend to settle faster in suspensions when they deviate more from the broad-side-on alignment. Moreover, we also demonstrate that particles are prone to form column-like microstructures in dilute suspensions under the effect of wake-induced hydrodynamic attractions. The radial distribution function is higher at a lower volume fraction. As a result, the collision rate scaled by the particle number density decreases with the increasing volume fraction. By contrast, as another contribution to the particle collision rate, the relative radial velocity for nearby particles shows a minor degree of variation due to the lubrication effect.
Semi-empirical calibration of the oxygen abundance for LINER galaxies based on SDSS-IV MaNGA – The case for strong and weak AGN
Authors: Oliveira Celso B. , Dors Oli , Zinchenko Igor , Cardaci Monica , Hägele Guillermo , Morais Istenio , Santos Pedro , Almeida Gleicy
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we present a semi-empirical calibration between the oxygen abundance and the N2 emission-line ratio for low ionisation nuclear emission regions (LINERs). This relation was derived by comparing the optical spectroscopic data of 118 nuclear spaxels classified as LINERs using three different BPT diagrams from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies survey (MaNGA) and sub-classified as weak (wAGN, 84 objects) and strong (sAGN, 34 objects) active galactic nucleus (AGN) from the WHAN diagnostic diagram and photoionisation model results obtained with the cloudy code assuming gas accretion into a black hole (representing an AGN). We found that our wAGN LINERs exhibit an oxygen abundance in the range of

$8.50 \lesssim \mathrm{12+\log(O/H)} \lesssim 8.90 $

, with an average value of

$\mathrm{12+\log(O/H)}=8.68$

, while our sAGN LINERs exhibit an oxygen abundance in the range of

$8.51 \lesssim \: \mathrm{12+\log(O/H)} \: \lesssim \: 8.81 $

, with an average value of

$\mathrm{12+\log(O/H)}=8.65$

. Our abundance estimations are in good agreement with those derived for another two different samples one of them with 463 Seyfert 2 objects and the other with 43 LINERs galaxies ionised by post-AGB stars, showing that the assumptions of our models are likely suitable for wAGN and sAGN LINERs. A relation between the equivalent width of the observed H

$\alpha$

emission-line and the estimated ionisation parameter provided by models was obtained. Our results also suggest that LINERs does not show a clear correlation between oxygen abundances and the stellar mass of the hosting galaxies.
Strategy for mitigation of systematics for EoR experiments with the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Nunhokee Chuneeta D. , Null Dev , Trott Cathryn , Jordan Christopher , Line Jack Laurence Bramble , Wayth Randall Bruce , Barry Nichole
Published: December 2024

Observations of the 21 cm signal face significant challenges due to bright astrophysical foregrounds that are several orders of magnitude higher than the brightness of the hydrogen line, along with various systematics. Successful 21 cm experiments require accurate calibration and foreground mitigation. Errors introduced during the calibration process such as systematics can disrupt the intrinsic frequency smoothness of the foregrounds, leading to power leakage into the Epoch of Reionisation window. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to effectively address these challenges. In this work, we adopt a stringent approach to identify and address suspected systematics, including malfunctioning antennas, frequency channels corrupted by radio frequency interference, and other dominant effects. We implement a statistical framework that utilises various data products from the data processing pipeline to derive specific criteria and filters. These criteria and filters are applied at intermediate stages to mitigate systematic propagation from the early stages of data processing. Our analysis focuses on observations from the Murchison Widefield Array Phase I configuration. Out of the observations processed by the pipeline, our approach selects 18%, totalling 58 h, that exhibit fewer systematic effects. The successful selection of observations with reduced systematic dominance enhances our confidence in achieving 21 cm measurements.
The Theban Parthenon: Contextualising Female Lay Spirituality in a Twelfth-Century Byzantine Provincial City
Authors: WU GANG
Published: December 2024

Stemming from a canonical commentary of Theodore Balsamon (1130s–1195), this article examines an underexplored Byzantine Christian practice: the consecration of virgins. It focuses on an unusual religious establishment, a parthenon, founded in Thebes by its metropolitan John Kaloktenes (1166–c.1190), which accommodated lay virgins to pursue asceticism without demonstrating monastic commitments. It investigates the practice's origins, development and significance in Byzantine religious heritage, highlighting Kaloktenes's innovative revival of the practice. This study offers a unique case for exploring Byzantine monasticism and ecclesiastical leadership, while also demonstrating the potential for integrating Byzantium into the religious movements of the contemporary Latin West.
A record of the ocellated shrimp goby, Tomiyamichthys russus (Cantor, 1849) (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) from peninsular India
Authors: Sureandiran B. , Karuppasamy K. , Mahadevan G. , Suyani N. K.
Published: December 2024

The ocellated shrimp goby, Tomiyamichthys russus was recorded from peninsular India based on a single specimen from Royapuram Fishing Harbour (13°07′24.49′′ N; 80°17′52.20′′E), Chennai, Southeast coast of India. The specimen was identified as the ocellated shrimp goby, T. russus by identification characteristics such as crosswise rows of small orange spots surrounded by minute dull black circles in the post-orbital and pre-dorsal region; posterior area of the gill membrane orange; operculum with pale violet traces. The morphometric characteristics were compared with the previous reports of ocellated shrimp goby. The present finding is the documentation of rare ocellated shrimp goby from the peninsular Indian coast.
A 2D-LiDAR-based localization method for indoor mobile robots using correlative scan matching
Authors: Du Song , Chen Tao , Lou Zhonghui , Wu Yijie
Published: December 2024

Precise pose estimation is crucial to various robots. In this paper, we present a localization method using correlative scan matching (CSM) technique for indoor mobile robots equipped with 2D-LiDAR to provide precise and fast pose estimation based on the common occupancy map. A pose tracking module and a global localization module are included in our method. On the one hand, the pose tracking module corrects accumulated odometry errors by CSM in the classical Bayesian filtering framework. A low-pass filter associating the predictive pose from odometer with the corrected pose by CSM is applied to improve precision and smoothness of the pose tracking module. On the other hand, our localization method can autonomously detect localization failures with several designed trigger criteria. Once a localization failure occurs, the global localization module can recover correct robot pose quickly by leveraging branch-and-bound method that can minimize the volume of CSM-evaluated candidates. Our localization method has been validated extensively in simulated, public dataset-based, and real environments. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method achieves high-precision, real-time pose estimation, and quick pose retrieve and outperforms other compared methods.
NONPARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION OF A GENERALIZED ADDITIVE MODEL WITH A FLEXIBLE ADDITIVE STRUCTURE AND UNKNOWN LINK
Authors: Chen Songnian , Liu Nianqing , Zhang Jian , Zhou Yahong
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a nonparametric approach to identify and estimate the generalized additive model with a flexible additive structure and with possibly discrete variables when the link function is unknown. Our approach allows for a flexible additive structure which provides applied researchers the flexibility to specify their model according to economic theory or practical experience. Motivated by the concerns from empirical research, our method also allows for multiple discrete variables in the covariates. By transforming our model into a generalized additive model with univariate component functions, our identification and estimation thereby follows a procedure adapted from the case with univariate components. The estimators converge to normal distributions in large sample with a one-dimensional convergence rate for the link function and a

$d_k$

-dimensional convergence rate for the component function

$f_k(\cdot )$

defined on

${\mathbb R}^{d_k}$

for all k.
Everyday Social Support for Health Behaviours in Older Adults during Times of Challenge: Evidence from Daily Life Assessments
Authors: Zambrano Garza Elizabeth , Pauly Theresa , Choi Yoonseok , Murphy Rachel A. , Linden Wolfgang , Ashe Maureen C. , Madden Kenneth M. , Jakobi Jennifer M. , Gerstorf Denis , Hoppmann Christiane A.
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged older adults’ health behaviours, making it even more difficult to engage in healthy diets and physical activity than it had been prepandemic. A resource to promote these could be social support. This study uses data from 136 older adults (Mage = 71.39 years, SD = 5.15, range: 63–87) who reported their daily fruit and vegetable consumption, steps, and health-behaviour-specific support from a close other every evening for up to 10 consecutive days. Findings show that on days when participants reported more emotional support than usual, fruit and vegetable consumption and step counts were higher. Daily instrumental support was positively associated with step counts, only. Participants receiving more overall emotional support across the study period consumed more fruit and vegetables; no parallel person-level association was found for overall steps. There were no significant interactions between dyad type and support links for our outcomes.
Testing family-of-origin sensitization: Parent-adolescent conflict, emotional reactivity, and adolescent internalizing psychopathology
Authors: Chiang Shou-Chun , Bai Sunhye
Published: December 2024

Building on the sensitization hypothesis, the present work aimed to examine how parent-adolescent conflict might be associated with heightened emotional reactivity to peer conflicts, which in turn shape the development of adolescent internalizing psychopathology. Participants were 108 Taiwanese adolescents between the ages of 18 and 19 (Mage = 18.53, SDage = 0.39; 64% female) who completed baseline assessments, 14-day daily surveys, and 6-month follow-up assessments. Emotional reactivity was measured by calculating the daily association between peer conflict and positive and negative emotions. Results indicated that greater baseline parent-adolescent conflict was associated with higher negative emotional reactivity to peer conflicts, which then predicted increased depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms 6 months later. Moreover, greater positive emotional reactivity to peer conflicts (i.e., more declines in positive emotions in response to peer conflicts) predicted increased depressive symptoms. Thus, the findings of the current study support and extend the sensitization hypothesis and suggest that parent-adolescent conflict may contribute to family-of-origin sensitization in non-familial, interpersonal contexts. The results have key implications for understanding adolescent developmental psychopathology associated with family conflicts and emotional reactivity.
Neural response to errors among mothers with a history of recurrent depression and their adolescent daughters
Authors: Morand-Beaulieu Simon , Banica Iulia , Freeman Clara , Ethridge Paige , Sandre Aislinn , Weinberg Anna
Published: December 2024

Depression is transmitted within families, but the mechanisms involved in such transmission are not clearly defined. A potential marker of familial risk is the neural response to errors, which may play a role in depression symptoms and is known to be partially heritable. Here, 97 mother-daughter dyads completed a Flanker task while electroencephalography markers of error monitoring were recorded: the error-related negativity (ERN) and response-locked delta and theta power. We assessed whether these measures of neural response to errors 1) were associated with history of recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) and current depression symptoms among mothers, 2) were correlated among mother-daughter dyads, and 3) were associated with maternal history of recurrent MDD and maternal symptoms of depression among daughters. A history of recurrent MDD was associated with blunted delta and increased theta among mothers. Across mothers, delta and theta were negatively and positively associated, respectively, with current depression symptoms. Mothers’ and daughters’ ERN were positively correlated. Finally, current maternal depression symptoms were negatively associated with delta power in daughters. These results suggest that neural responses to errors may be implicated in the intergenerational transmission of depression. These results also support the relevance of delta oscillations to understanding pathways to depression.
From fertilizer to refuse: the history of human waste disposal in Shanghai, 1949–2010
Authors: Wang Gang
Published: December 2024

As the most populous city in China, Shanghai’s human waste disposal underwent a dramatic transition between 1949 and 2010. While human waste continued to be sold to farmers as fertilizer, the authorities attempted to modernize the methods of manual removal, promoting nightsoil dump stations and vacuum trucks from the early 1970s. These new methods soon became widespread. However, urban human waste gradually lost its value as fertilizer from the late 1970s, chiefly because of the popularization of chemical fertilizers, at which point Shanghai was faced with serious human waste issues. Encountering this unforeseen shift, the municipality had to accept the reality that there were no longer rural markets for urban human waste, and that it would have to start treating human waste as refuse. In contrast to the Western model, Shanghai’s approach to modernizing human waste disposal was distinctive, having been influenced by factors beyond the city.
The co-design of support strategies for sustainable, healthy and affordable food provision in Early Childhood Education settings
Authors: Elford Audrey , Spence Alison C , Campbell Karen J , Rozman Margaret , Love Penelope
Published: December 2024

Objective:

To co-design support strategies to enable sustainable, healthy, affordable food provision, including waste mitigation practices, in Australian Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) settings.

Design:

Based on the co-design IDEAS framework (Ideate, DEsign, Assess & Share), this co-design process involved iterative interviews and focus groups with ECEC centre staff and workshops with Nutrition Australia. Interview and workshop themes were coded to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to develop initial prototypes for support strategies that were further developed and refined in focus groups.

Setting:

ECEC with onsite food provision, in Victoria, Australia.

Participants:

ECEC staff and a Victorian Government-funded programme delivered through Nutrition Australia that provides nutrition support to ECEC services.

Results:

ECEC staff interviews (n 17) suggested a lack of knowledge on the topic of sustainable healthy food provision and a need for resources and support for all staff and children. Workshops with Nutrition Australia built on interviews and suggested a focus on lower intensity strategies and a suggestion to embed knowledge-related activities into the children’s curriculum. Focus groups (n 8) further informed co-design of strategies, producing a visual representation of sustainable healthy food provision with supporting tips and a whole-of-centre approach that includes children through a classroom activity.

Conclusions:

The co-designed resources could provide feasible strategies for the adoption of sustainable, healthy and affordable provision practices in the ECEC setting. Involvement of a local government-funded health promotion service provides valuable research-to-practice contribution as well opportunity for scalable dissemination of resources through existing infrastructure.
Children as Linguistic Rights Holders in the Swedish Welfare System
Authors: Gustafsson Kristina , Kaisso Nour , Åberg Linnéa , Norström Eva
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates an encounter in a multilingual welfare setting where a child with migration experiences is the rights holder. The empirical basis is a story told by the interpreter Nour, about an encounter at a youth clinic. The analysis is guided by the concept of linguistic (in)justice. Findings show that linguistic injustices are a result of the reproduction of monolingual mindsets and linguistic paternalism in the intersection of layers of power asymmetries when welfare professionals do not let the child client talk, when adults talk on the child’s behalf, and the speakers give priority to the majority language on behalf of the language that the child speak. These findings suggest that professionals and policymakers must recognise the special conditions of a multilingual setting and children as a particular group of language rights holders.
Jupiter's Whistler‐Mode Belts and Electron Slot Region
Authors: Hao Y.‐X. , Shprits Y. Y. , Menietti J. D. , Liu Z. Y. , Averkamp T. , Wang D. D. , Kollmann P. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Drozdov A. , Roussos E. , Krupp N. , Horne R. B. , Woodfield E. E. , Bolton S. J.
Published: December 2024

The spatial distribution of whistler‐mode wave emissions in the Jovian magnetosphere measured during the first 45 perijove orbits of Juno is investigated. A double‐belt structure in whistler‐mode wave intensity is revealed. Between the two whistler‐mode belts, there exists a region devoid of 100 s keV electrons near the magnetic equator at . Insufficient source electron population in such an electron “slot” region is a possible explanation for the relatively lower wave activity compared to the whistler‐mode belts. The wave intensity of the outer whistler‐mode belt measured in the dusk‐premidnight sector is significantly stronger than in the postmidnight‐dawn sector. We suggest that the inherent dawn‐dusk asymmetries in source electron distribution and/or auroral hiss emission rather than the modulation of solar cycle are more likely to result in the azimuthal variation of outer whistler‐mode belt intensity during the first 45 Juno perijove orbits.
Multiplexed activity metabolomics for isolation of filipin macrolides from a hypogean actinomycete
Authors: Froese Jordan T. , Balsamo Joseph A. , Reisman Benjamin J. , Barone Sierra M. , Irish Jonathan M. , Bachmann Brian O.
Published: December 2024

Chemical and biological stimulus screening in a hypogean actinomycete was used to elicit secondary metabolism. Optimal biosynthesis of bioactive natural products was identified using Multiplexed Activity Profiling for determining dose-dependent activity via six single-cell biological readouts. Bioactive extracts were fractioned to establish candidate compounds for isolation using Multiplexed Activity Metabolomics by correlating microtiter well-isolated phenotypes and extracted ion current peaks. This guided the isolation of four filipin polyene macrolides including a new metabolite filipin XV, an alkyl side-chain hydroxylated congener of the filipin chainin, with substantially attenuated cytotoxicity. Filipin-specific cytotoxicity was confirmed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.