bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Engineered Biomaterials Targeting Angiogenesis and Cell Proliferation for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Dua Chhavi , Bajaj Avinash
Published: September 2022

Antiangiogenic therapy in combination with chemotherapeutic agents is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. However, this combination therapy is associated with several challenges including non‐specific biodistribution leading to systemic toxicity. Biomaterial‐mediated codelivery of chemotherapeutic and anti‐angiogenic agents can exploit their passive and active targeting abilities, leading to improved drug accumulation at the tumor site and therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we present the progress made in the field of engineered biomaterials for codelivery of chemotherapeutic and antiangiogenic agents. We present advances in engineering of liposome/hydrogel/micelle‐based biomaterials for delivery of combination of anticancer and anti‐angiogenesis drugs, or combination of anticancer and siRNA targeting angiogenesis, and targeted nanoparticles. We then present our perspective on developing strategies for targeting angiogenesis and cell proliferation for cancer therapy.
The Multidimensionality of Materiality: Bodies, Space, and Things in Transitions
Authors: Nägler Deborah , Wanka Anna
Published: September 2022

The article focuses on the importance of materiality within social practice in relation to processes of transition. Materiality is emphasized on the one hand in its material-spatial dimension and on the other hand in its physical dimension and its relevance for the reflection and research of transitions. This is demonstrated in the article by two empirical examples that focus on different transitions. By referring to different phases of life (old age and childhood) and the transition processes that take place during these phases, the contribution opens up a comprehensive and multi-layered view of the meaning of materiality – of things, bodies, and spaces - and its relevance in the discussion of transitions.
How Spatial Sensitivity Enriches Understanding Transitions in Childhood and Later Life
Authors: Freutel-Funke Tabea , Müller Helena
Published: September 2022

Space is a key element of human life that holds significance across the life course. Spaces, territories and symbolic arrangements are elements of social reality. This chapter examines the role of space in the context of transitions. Our conceptualization of space does not reduce it to qualities of an external environment but views it as a relational arrangement of people and features that are crucial for understanding transitions across the life course instead. Drawing from two empirical studies anchored in dispositive analysis and environmental psychology, we examine (a) transitions to children’s independent mobility, and (b) transitions into multigenerational cohousing. We ask: How can spatial sensitivity shape, challenge and enrich research on transitions in childhood and later life?
The Significance of Relationality in “Doing Transitions”
Authors: Settersten Richard A. , Stauber Barbara , Walther Andreas
Published: September 2022

It is common to interpret transitions as individual experiences that are largely the result of personal choices and behaviors or that are being worked out through individual processes. A foundational tenet of a Doing Transitions framework is that transitions are shaped and produced through social practices and are therefore not individual but relational – constantly co-produced or shared with, conditioned by, or otherwise involving multiple others. As such, a Doing Transitions framework makes visible the ways in which social interactions and processes create or reify individual and group differences, including how transition processes and outcomes are entangled in dynamics of power and empowerment, inequalities, politics and the welfare state. Instead of being seen as fixed entities, transitions are viewed as processual, dynamic, situated, and interwoven. This chapter makes an innovative contribution to the literature by systematizing this shift in observing and analyzing transitions. It recalls some core aspects of the theoretical turn offered by relational approaches and, against this backdrop, offers five distinct patterns of relationality and draws upon chapters of this book to illustrate how the science and practice of transitions can be advanced by leveraging these patterns of relationality.
Biographical Articulation in Transition
Authors: Eberle Noreen , Lütgens Jessica , Pohling Andrea , Spies Tina , Bauer Petra
Published: September 2022

Biographical research approaches have been relevant for the analysis of transitions in the life course for a long time. From the beginning of a social science-based analysis of (auto-)biographical narratives, the “biography” as concept was oriented towards understanding the relationship between the development of individual identity against the background of collective phenomena as well as in their relevance for life histories. But biographical narrations are also connected to discourses and discursive orientation patterns. The concept of “articulation” in the sense of Stuart Hall allows for the building of a bridge between discourses and subject positions, in describing this as a suture between discourses and a subject. Based on the re-analysis of three narrative interviews which are linked to different biographical research projects, the article explains and illustrates three different modi of articulation linked to relevant biographical transitions. All three modi of articulation are examples that show the complexity and variety of social positioning and articulation in biographical turning points. At the end the article discusses the added value and the possibilities of this approach in understanding transitions in life courses from a biographical perspective.
Implementation Issues for a Highly Structured Research Report
Authors: Allen Robert B.
Published: September 2022

We have proposed that scientific research reports should be constructed entirely of structured knowledge rather than text. In an earlier paper, we emphasized Research Designs as a framework for structured research reports and described how a structured implementation might be applied to Pasteur’s classic swan-neck flask experiment. In this paper, we examine some of the issues encountered in developing that implementation using dynamic models. For instance, we consider issues associated with modeling state transitions.
B!SON: A Tool for Open Access Journal Recommendation
Authors: Entrup Elias , Eppelin Anita , Ewerth Ralph , Hartwig Josephine , Tullney Marco , Wohlgemuth Michael , Hoppe Anett
Published: September 2022

Finding a suitable open access journal to publish scientific work is a complex task: Researchers have to navigate a constantly growing number of journals, institutional agreements with publishers, funders’ conditions and the risk of Predatory Publishers. To help with these challenges, we introduce a web-based journal recommendation system called B!SON. It is developed based on a systematic requirements analysis, built on open data, gives publisher-independent recommendations and works across domains. It suggests open access journals based on title, abstract and references provided by the user. The recommendation quality has been evaluated using a large test set of 10,000 articles. Development by two German scientific libraries ensures the longevity of the project.
Schulische Personalentwicklung als Führungsaufgabe in den 16 Ländern der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Herausforderungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Thiel Felicitas , Schewe Claudia Manuela , Lankes Eva-Maria , Maritzen Norbert , Riecke-Baulecke Thomas
Published: September 2022

Zentrale Befunde der Analyse von Leitbilden und Instrumenten der schulischen Personalentwicklung sowie der entsprechenden Qualifizierungsangebote für Schulleiterinnen und Schulleiter werden zusammengefasst.

Es erfolgt eine Einordnung der Befunde unter steuerungstheoretischen Gesichtspunkten auf der Grundlage der Beschreibung der besonderen organisationalen Merkmale von Schulen, die ein Ausbalancieren von strategischem Management, professioneller Selbstregulierung und schulaufsichtlicher Kontrolle erforderlich machen.

Perspektiven für die Weiterentwicklung der Leitbilder, Instrumente und Qualifizierungsangebote für schulische Personalentwicklung als Führungsaufgabe werden abschließend diskutiert.
Klassischer Leichtbau
Authors: Wiedemann Martin
Published: September 2022

Entlang der Prozesskette des Systemleichtbaus leisten neue Materialien, bessere Materialkennwerte, verbesserte und genauere Auslegungsmethoden, neue Bauweisen, neue Fügetechnologien, effizientere Produktionstechnologien und neue automatisierte Qualitätssicherungsverfahren vielfältige Beiträge zu einem optimierten und kostengünstigeren Leichtbau. Grundlage sind kohlenstofffaserverstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK), deren Leichtbaupotential sich mit den im Folgenden beispielhaft zitierten Forschungsergebnissen sehr viel umfangreicher nutzen lässt.
Systemleichtbau mit Integration aktiver Funktionen
Authors: Wiedemann Martin
Published: September 2022

FV-gerechte Bauweisen, strukturelle Klebung sowie die Nutzung von Funktionswerkstoffen der Adaptronik kennzeichnen die aktive Funktionsintegration. Im Zusammenspiel mit der Aerodynamik kann Systemleichtbau durch Ermöglichung der hybriden Laminarhaltung besondere Wirkung entfalten. Des Weiteren ist eine aktive Reduktion der Schallübertragung in die Kabine und eine integrierte Strukturüberwachung realisierbar.
Marcinkiewicz Averages of Smooth Orthogonal Projections on Sphere
Authors: Bownik Marcin , Dziedziul Karol , Kamont Anna
Published: September 2022

We construct a single smooth orthogonal projection with desired localization whose average under a group action yields the decomposition of the identity operator. For any full rank lattice $$\Gamma \subset \mathbb {R}^d$$

Γ
⊂

R

d

, a smooth projection is localized in a neighborhood of an arbitrary precompact fundamental domain $$\mathbb {R}^d/\Gamma $$

R

d

/
Γ

. We also show the existence of a highly localized smooth orthogonal projection, whose Marcinkiewicz average under the action of SO(d), is a multiple of the identity on $$L^2(\mathbb {S}^{d-1})$$

L
2

(

S

d
-
1

)

. As an application we construct highly localized continuous Parseval frames on the sphere.
Cell-based therapies have disease-modifying effects on osteoarthritis in animal models. A systematic review by the ESSKA Orthobiologic Initiative. Part 1: adipose tissue-derived cell-based injectable therapies
Authors: Perucca Orfei Carlotta , Boffa Angelo , Sourugeon Yosef , Laver Lior , Magalon Jérémy , Sánchez Mikel , Tischer Thomas , Filardo Giuseppe , de Girolamo Laura
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The aim of this systematic review was to determine if adipose tissue-derived cell-based injectable therapies can induce disease-modifying effects in joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A systematic review was performed on three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) according to PRISMA guidelines. A synthesis of the results was performed investigating disease-modifying effects in preclinical studies comparing injectable adipose-derived products with OA controls or other products, different formulations or injection intervals, and the combination with other products. The risk of bias was assessed according to the SYRCLE’s tool.

Results

Seventy-one studies were included (2,086 animals) with an increasing publication trend over time. Expanded cells were used in 65 studies, 3 studies applied point of care products, and 3 studies investigated both approaches. Overall, 48 out of 51 studies (94%) reported better results with adipose-derived products compared to OA controls, with positive findings in 17 out of 20 studies (85%) in macroscopic, in 37 out of 40 studies (93%) in histological, and in 22 out of 23 studies (96%)  in immunohistochemical evaluations. Clinical and biomarker evaluations showed positive results in 14 studies out of 18 (78%) and 12 studies out of 14 (86%), while only 9 studies out of 17 (53%) of the imaging evaluations were able to detect differences versus controls. The risk of bias was low in 38% of items, unclear in 51%, and high in (11%).

Conclusion

The current preclinical models document consistent evidence of disease-modifying effects of adipose-derived cell-based therapies for the treatment of OA. The high heterogeneity of the published studies highlights the need for further targeted research to provide recommendations on the optimal methodologies for a more effective application of these injective therapies for the treatment of OA in clinical practice.

Level of evidence

II.

Graphical Abstract
On convergence rates of adaptive ensemble Kalman inversion for linear ill-posed problems
Authors: Parzer Fabian , Scherzer Otmar
Published: September 2022

In this paper we discuss a deterministic form of ensemble Kalman inversion as a regularization method for linear inverse problems. By interpreting ensemble Kalman inversion as a low-rank approximation of Tikhonov regularization, we are able to introduce a new sampling scheme based on the Nyström method that improves practical performance. Furthermore, we formulate an adaptive version of ensemble Kalman inversion where the sample size is coupled with the regularization parameter. We prove that the proposed scheme yields an order optimal regularization method under standard assumptions if the discrepancy principle is used as a stopping criterion. The paper concludes with a numerical comparison of the discussed methods for an inverse problem of the Radon transform.
Comparison of extraction methods for active biomolecules using sub-critical dimethyl ether and n-butane
Authors: Ciulla Michele , Canale Valentino , Wolicki Rafal Damian , Ferrone Vincenzo , Carlucci Giuseppe , Fontana Antonella , Siani Gabriella , D’Alessandro Nicola , Di Profio Pietro
Published: September 2022

Several extraction methods are used to isolate natural compounds, and recent approaches utilize subcritical or supercritical extraction media. In this paper we compare extraction methods based on subcritical eluents, dimethyl ether (sC-DME) and n-butane (sC-nB), under mild conditions, using coffee beans and powder as an exemplary raw material. The parameters to be controlled to improve the extraction are considered, and the resulting data discussed. The results obtained display higher selectivity of sC-DME for caffeine (1.9%w/w sC-DME vs. 1.7%w/w sC-nB, on dry extract) and a good yield (0.479 mg/g of caffeine from green coffee beans) compared to, e.g., supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), which shows 0.32 mg/g of caffeine at higher pressure and temperature (25 MPa, 40 °C). We also discuss some technical implementations for optimizing the use of sub-critical eluents through proper combinations of pressure and temperature. We show that extraction processes based on sub-critical eluents are easy to operate and efficient, and can be easily automated.
Analysis of General Shape Optimization Problems in Nonlinear Acoustics
Authors: Meliani Mostafa , Nikolić Vanja
Published: September 2022

In various biomedical applications, precise focusing of nonlinear ultrasonic waves is crucial for efficiency and safety of the involved procedures. This work analyzes a class of shape optimization problems constrained by general quasi-linear acoustic wave equations that arise in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) applications. Within our theoretical framework, the Westervelt and Kuznetsov equations of nonlinear acoustics are obtained as particular cases. The quadratic gradient nonlinearity, specific to the Kuznetsov equation, requires special attention throughout. To prove the existence of the Eulerian shape derivative, we successively study the local well-posedness and regularity of the forward problem, uniformly with respect to shape variations, and prove that it does not degenerate under the hypothesis of small initial and boundary data. Additionally, we prove Hölder-continuity of the acoustic potential with respect to domain deformations. We then derive and analyze the corresponding adjoint problems for several different cost functionals of practical interest and conclude with the expressions of well-defined shape derivatives.
Non-contrast-enhanced CT texture analysis of primary and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas: value in assessment of histopathological grade and differences between primary and metastatic lesions
Authors: Janisch Michael , Adelsmayr Gabriel , Müller Heimo , Holzinger Andreas , Janek Elmar , Talakic Emina , Fuchsjäger Michael , Schöllnast Helmut
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the utility of non-contrast-enhanced CT texture analysis (CTTA) for predicting the histopathological differentiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and to compare non-contrast-enhanced CTTA texture features between primary PDAC and hepatic metastases of PDAC.

Methods

This retrospective study included 120 patients with histopathologically confirmed PDAC. Sixty-five patients underwent CT-guided biopsy of primary PDAC, while 55 patients underwent CT-guided biopsy of hepatic PDAC metastasis. All lesions were segmented in non-contrast-enhanced CT scans for CTTA based on histogram analysis, co-occurrence matrix, and run-length matrix. Statistical analysis was conducted for 372 texture features using Mann–Whitney U test, Bonferroni–Holm correction, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Three features were identified that differed significantly between histopathological G2 and G3 primary tumors. Of these, “low gray-level zone emphasis” yielded the largest AUC (0.87 ± 0.04), reaching a sensitivity and specificity of 0.76 and 0.83, respectively, when a cut-off value of 0.482 was applied. Fifty-four features differed significantly between primary and hepatic metastatic PDAC.

Conclusion

Non-contrast-enhanced CTTA of PDAC identified differences in texture features between primary G2 and G3 tumors that could be used for non-invasive tumor assessment. Extensive differences between the features of primary and metastatic PDAC on CTTA suggest differences in tumor microenvironment.

Graphical Abstract
Fascial Dehiscence and Incisional Hernia Prediction Models: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Tansawet Amarit , Numthavaj Pawin , Techapongsatorn Thawin , Techapongsatorn Suphakarn , Attia John , McKay Gareth , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: September 2022

Background

Fascial dehiscence (FD) and incisional hernia (IH) pose considerable risks to patients who undergo abdominal surgery, and many preventive strategies have been applied to reduce this risk. An accurate predictive model could aid identification of high‐risk patients, who could be targeted for particular care. This study aims to systematically review existing FD and IH prediction models.

Methods

Prediction models were identified using pre‐specified search terms on SCOPUS, PubMed, and Web of Science. Eligible studies included those conducted in adult patients who underwent any kind of abdominal surgery, and reported model performance. Data from the eligible studies were extracted, and the risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the PROBAST tool. Pooling of C‐statistics was performed using a random‐effect meta‐analysis. [Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021282463)].

Results

Twelve studies were eligible for review; five were FD prediction model studies. Most included studies had high RoB, especially in the analysis domain. The C‐statistics of the FD and IH prediction models ranged from 0.69 to 0.92, but most have yet to be externally validated. Pooled C‐statistics (95% CI) were 0.80 (0.74, 0.86) and 0.81 (0.75, 0.86) for the FD (external‐validation) and IH prediction model, respectively. Some predictive factors such as body mass index, smoking, emergency operation, and surgical site infection were associated with FD or IH occurrence and were included in multiple models.

Conclusions

Several models have been developed as an aid for FD and IH prediction, mostly with modest performance and lacking independent validation. New models for specific patient groups may offer clinical utility.
Scenario-based verification of uncertain parametric MDPs
Authors: Badings Thom , Cubuktepe Murat , Jansen Nils , Junges Sebastian , Katoen Joost-Pieter , Topcu Ufuk
Published: September 2022

We consider parametric Markov decision processes (pMDPs) that are augmented with unknown probability distributions over parameter values. The problem is to compute the probability to satisfy a temporal logic specification with any concrete MDP that corresponds to a sample from these distributions. As solving this problem precisely is infeasible, we resort to sampling techniques that exploit the so-called scenario approach. Based on a finite number of samples of the parameters, the proposed method yields high-confidence bounds on the probability of satisfying the specification. The number of samples required to obtain a high confidence on these bounds is independent of the number of states and the number of random parameters. Experiments on a large set of benchmarks show that several thousand samples suffice to obtain tight and high-confidence lower and upper bounds on the satisfaction probability.
Effect of interaction network structure in a response threshold model
Authors: Shiraishi Masashi , Yamanaka Osamu , Nishimori Hiraku
Published: September 2022

Task allocation is a characteristic feature of social insects. This phenomenon is self-organized by workers in a colony without central instructions. Workers perform the necessary tasks while communicating and determining their colony’s local situations or outside environments. They can also allocate the workload of the task to finish quickly. To explain the self-organized phenomenon, we develop a theoretical model that includes the local interaction mechanism among the workers. We extend the fixed response threshold model by introducing the interaction network among workers. The new model is called the interaction network response threshold model. This model analyzes the effects of the interaction network structure on the workload allocation mechanism using the Gini coefficient. We find that the network structure affects the information diffusion process, and the network features affect workload allocation. Our results indicate that communication among the workers in a colony is an essential system for workload allocation.
Global optimization using random embeddings
Authors: Cartis Coralia , Massart Estelle , Otemissov Adilet
Published: September 2022

We propose a random-subspace algorithmic framework for global optimization of Lipschitz-continuous objectives, and analyse its convergence using novel tools from conic integral geometry. X-REGO randomly projects, in a sequential or simultaneous manner, the high-dimensional original problem into low-dimensional subproblems that can then be solved with any global, or even local, optimization solver. We estimate the probability that the randomly-embedded subproblem shares (approximately) the same global optimum as the original problem. This success probability is then used to show almost sure convergence of X-REGO to an approximate global solution of the original problem, under weak assumptions on the problem (having a strictly feasible global solution) and on the solver (guaranteed to find an approximate global solution of the reduced problem with sufficiently high probability). In the particular case of unconstrained objectives with low effective dimension, we propose an X-REGO variant that explores random subspaces of increasing dimension until finding the effective dimension of the problem, leading to X-REGO globally converging after a finite number of embeddings, proportional to the effective dimension. We show numerically that this variant efficiently finds both the effective dimension and an approximate global minimizer of the original problem.
Transmembrane TNF-α as a Novel Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Cytokine Storms in a Mouse Model of Multiple Organ Failure
Authors: Yang Peng , Zeng Yimin , Yang Fang , Peng Xin , Hu Yongsheng , Tan Xuhong , Zhang Ruping
Published: September 2022

Abstract

A cytokine storm (CS) is an out-of-control inflammatory response closely associated with the progression of diseases, such as multiple organ failure (MOF), severe sepsis, and severe or critical COVID-19. However, there is currently a lack of reliable diagnostic markers to distinguish CS from normal inflammatory responses. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) includes transmembrane TNF-α (tmTNF-α) and secreted TNF-α (sTNF-α). The MOF mouse model in this study showed that the tmTNF-α expression changes in the neutrophils differed from the serum TNF-α and serum IL-18, INF-γ, IL-4, and IL-6. Furthermore, tmTNF-α, instead of serum TNF-α, IL-18, INF-γ, IL-4, and IL-6, reflected liver and kidney tissue damage and increased with the aggravation of these injuries. Analysis of the ROC results showed that tmTNF-α effectively distinguished between inflammatory responses and CS and efficiently differentiated between surviving and dead mice. It also significantly improved the diagnostic value of the traditional CRP marker for CS. These results indicated that the tmTNF-α expressed in the neutrophils could be used to diagnose CS in MOF mice, providing an experimental basis to further develop tmTNF-α for diagnosing CS patients.
Analysis of 2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamines and 2,5-dimethoxy-phenethylamines aiming their determination in biological matrices: a review
Authors: Nieddu Maria , Baralla Elena , Sodano Federica , Boatto Gianpiero
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The present review aims to provide an overview of methods for the quantification of 2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamines and -phenethylamines in different biological matrices, both traditional and alternative ones.

Methods

A complete literature search was carried out with PubMed, Scopus and the World Wide Web using relevant keywords, e.g., designer drugs, amphetamines, phenethylamines, and biological matrices.

Results

Synthetic phenethylamines represent one of the largest classes of “designer drugs”, obtained through chemical structure modifications of psychoactive substances to increase their pharmacological activities. This practice is also favored by the fact that every new synthetic compound is not considered illegal by existing legislation. Generally, in a toxicological laboratory, the first monitoring of drugs of abuse is made by rapid screening tests that sometimes can occur in false positive or false negative results. To reduce evaluation errors, it is mandatory to submit the positive samples to confirmatory methods, such as gas chromatography or liquid chromatography combined to mass spectrometry, for a more specific qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Conclusions

This review highlights the great need for updated comprehensive analytical methods, particularly when analyzing biological matrices, both traditional and alternative ones, for the search of newly emerging designer drugs.
Bifurcation in car-following models with time delays and driver and mechanic sensitivities
Authors: Padial Juan Francisco , Casal Alfonso
Published: September 2022

In this work, we study a model of traffic flow along a one-way, one lane, road or street, the so-called car-following problem. We first present a historical evolution of models of this type corresponding to a successive improvement of requirements, to explain some real traffic phenomena. For both mathematical reasons and a better explanation of some of those phenomena, we consider more convenient and accurate requirements which lead to a better non-linear model with reaction delays, from several sources. The model can be written as an ordinary nonlinear delay differential equation. It has equilibrium solutions, which correspond to steady traffic. The mentioned reaction delays introduce perturbation terms in the equation, leading to of instabilities of equilibria and changes of the structure of the solutions. For some of the values of the delays, they may become oscillatory. We make a number of simulations to show these changes for different values of delays. We also show that, for certain values of the delays the above mentioned change of structure (representing regimes of real traffic) corresponds to a Hopf bifurcation.
Graph neural networks and cross-protocol analysis for detecting malicious IP addresses
Authors: Huang Yonghong , Negrete Joanna , Wagener John , Fralick Celeste , Rodriguez Armando , Peterson Eric , Wosotowsky Adam
Published: September 2022

An internet protocol (IP) address is the foundation of the Internet, allowing connectivity between people, servers, Internet of Things, and services across the globe. Knowing what is connecting to what and where connections are initiated is crucial to accurately assess a company’s or individual’s security posture. IP reputation assessment can be quite complex because of the numerous services that may be hosted on that IP address. For example, an IP might be serving millions of websites from millions of different companies like web hosting companies often do, or it could be a large email system sending and receiving emails for millions of independent entities. The heterogeneous nature of an IP address typically makes it challenging to interpret the security risk. To make matters worse, adversaries understand this complexity and leverage the ambiguous nature of the IP reputation to exploit further unsuspecting Internet users or devices connected to the Internet. In addition, traditional techniques like dirty-listing cannot react quickly enough to changes in the security climate, nor can they scale large enough to detect new exploits that may be created and disappear in minutes. In this paper, we introduce the use of cross-protocol analysis and graph neural networks (GNNs) in semi-supervised learning to address the speed and scalability of assessing IP reputation. In the cross-protocol supervised approach, we combine features from the web, email, and domain name system (DNS) protocols to identify ones which are the most useful in discriminating suspicious and benign IPs. In our second experiment, we leverage the most discriminant features and incorporate them into the graph as nodes’ features. We use GNNs to pass messages from node to node, propagating the signal to the neighbors while also gaining the benefit of having the originating nodes being influenced by neighboring nodes. Thanks to the relational graph structure we can use only a small portion of labeled data and train the algorithm in a semi-supervised approach. Our dataset represents real-world data that is sparse and only contain a small percentage of IPs with verified clean or suspicious labels but are connected. The experimental results demonstrate that the system can achieve $$85.28\%$$

85.28
%

accuracy in detecting malicious IP addresses at scale with only $$5\%$$

5
%

of labeled data.
Revisiting the Role of Physical Confinement and Chemical Regulation of 3D Hosts for Dendrite-Free Li Metal Anode
Authors: Ye Shufen , Chen Xingjia , Zhang Rui , Jiang Yu , Huang Fanyang , Huang Huijuan , Yao Yu , Jiao Shuhong , Chen Xiang , Zhang Qiang , Yu Yan
Published: September 2022

Lithium metal anode has been demonstrated as the most promising anode for lithium batteries because of its high theoretical capacity, but infinite volume change and dendritic growth during Li electrodeposition have prevented its practical applications. Both physical morphology confinement and chemical adsorption/diffusion regulation are two crucial approaches to designing lithiophilic materials to alleviate dendrite of Li metal anode. However, their roles in suppressing dendrite growth for long-life Li anode are not fully understood yet. Herein, three different Ni-based nanosheet arrays (NiO-NS, Ni3N-NS, and Ni5P4-NS) on carbon cloth as proof-of-concept lithiophilic frameworks are proposed for Li metal anodes. The two-dimensional nanoarray is more promising to facilitate uniform Li+ flow and electric field. Compared with the NiO-NS and the Ni5P4-NS, the Ni3N-NS on carbon cloth after reacting with molten Li (Li-Ni/Li3N-NS@CC) can afford the strongest adsorption to Li+ and the most rapid Li+ diffusion path. Therefore, the Li-Ni/Li3N-NS@CC electrode realizes the lowest overpotential and the most excellent electrochemical performance (60 mA cm−2 and 60 mAh cm−2 for 1000 h). Furthermore, a remarkable full battery (LiFePO4||Li-Ni/Li3N-NS@CC) reaches 300 cycles at 2C. This research provides valuable insight into designing dendrite-free alkali metal batteries.
Inner Co Synergizing Outer Ru Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Chen Jian , Ha Yuan , Wang Ruirui , Liu Yanxia , Xu Hongbin , Shang Bin , Wu Renbing , Pan Hongge
Published: September 2022

Exploring highly active but inexpensive electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of critical importance for hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting. Herein, we report a multicomponent catalyst with exceptional activity and durability for HER, in which cobalt nanoparticles were in-situ confined inside bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) while ultralow ruthenium loading (~ 2.6 µg per electrode area ~ cm−2) is uniformly deposited on their exterior walls (Co@CNTsǀRu). The atomic-scale structural investigations and theoretical calculations indicate that the confined inner Co and loaded outer Ru would induce charge redistribution and a synergistic electron coupling, not only optimizing the adsorption energy of H intermediates (ΔGH*) but also facilitating the electron/mass transfer. The as-developed Co@CNTsǀRu composite catalyst requires overpotentials of only 10, 32, and 63 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline, acidic and neutral media, respectively, representing top-level catalytic activity among all reported HER catalysts. The current work may open a new insight into the rational design of carbon-supported metal catalysts for practical applications.
Radial characterization of an ion beam in a deflected magnetic nozzle
Authors: Caldarelli Antonella , Filleul Félicien , Charles Christine , Boswell Rod , Rattenbury Nicholas , Cater John
Published: September 2022

The radial characterization of an ion beam generated in a magnetically steered radio-frequency (RF) plasma source is presented. In the symmetrical magnetic nozzle (MN) configuration, radial profiles of the ion saturation current obtained with a planar Langmuir probe show a double-peaked profile. The same behaviour is confirmed by the radial measurements of the total ion current and the ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) obtained with a retarding field energy analyzer. The IEDFs also show the presence of an ion beam centred at$$r = -2$$r=-2cm. On the contrary, radial measurements taken with a magnetic nozzle deflected on the$$r - z$$r-zplane exhibit a single-peaked profile with both the local ion population and the ion beam centred at$$r = -5$$r=-5cm, in the direction of the MN orientation. It is shown that the ion beam location is changed as a result of a deflected magnetic nozzle, and that it follows the direction of increasing radial magnetic field.
European Intellectual History after the Global Turn
Authors: Moyn Samuel
Published: September 2022

The globalization of modern European intellectual history is long overdue. It is also still in its early stages. This essay distinguishes four paths historians have followed so far. First, there has been the attempt to recover the global contexts and sources of the canon of “European thought.” A second approach has been to recapture the global imaginations of modern European thinkers. A third and more difficult possibility has been to track how European concepts and traditions were received and remade as they traveled the globe, and to examine the complex feedback mechanisms that have blurred the line between the European and the extra-European. Finally, a fourth and most controversial mode is to insist that the modern European canon is of prime significance in understanding historical and contemporary global relations—and that part of its value lies in helping undo the exclusions that its own historians have visited on that canon by misrepresenting European thought as a merely European affair.
Inpatient antibiotic prescribing patterns using the World Health Organization (WHO) Access Watch and Reserve (AWaRe) classification in Okinawa, Japan: A point-prevalence survey
Authors: Patel Payal K. , Satoh Naoyuki , Narita Masashi , Cho Yoshiaki , Oshiro Yusuke , Suzuki Tomoharu , Fowler Karen E. , Greene M. Todd , Tokuda Yasuharu , Kaye Keith S.
Published: September 2022

Using point-prevalence methodology and the World Health Organization (WHO) Access, Watch, and Reserve Classification, we measured antibiotic use in 5 hospitals in Okinawa, Japan, on October 1, 2020. Overall, 29% of patients were prescribed an antibiotic on the survey date and the 3 most used antibiotics in the “Watch” category were cefazolin, ampicillin-sulbactam, and ampicillin.
Templated microbiology comments with candiduria to enhance antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Schartz Weston R. , Bennett Nicholas , Aragon Laura , Kennedy Kevin , Wilson Austin , Boyd Sarah , Humphrey Matthew , Essmyer Cynthia
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of templated microbiology reporting comments on antifungal utilization in patients with candiduria.

Design:

In this retrospective, quasi-experimental study, we evaluated a preimplementation cohort (June 2018–January 2019) compared with a postimplementation cohort (June 2019–January 2020).

Setting:

A multisite health system including 1 academic hospital and 4 community hospitals.

Patients:

Patients were aged ≥18 years, were hospitalized, and had candiduria documented at least once during their admission. The study included 156 patients in the preimplementation period and 141 patients in the postimplementation period.

Methods:

In June 2019, Saint Luke’s Health System implemented the use of templated comments for urine cultures with Candida spp growth. When Candida is isolated, the following comment appears in the microbiology result section: “In the absence of symptoms, Candida is generally considered normal flora. No therapy indicated unless high risk (pregnant, neonate, or neutropenic) or undergoing urologic procedure. If Foley catheter present, remove or replace when able.” The primary outcome was rate of antifungal prescribing.

Results:

Antifungal administration within 72 hours of a culture identifying a Candida spp occurred in 75 patients in the preimplementation group and 48 patients in the postimplementation group (48.1% vs 34.0%; P = .02). We did not detect a difference between groups in antifungal administration between 73 and 240 hours (1.3% vs 3.5%; P = .26), nor did we detect a difference in median antifungal duration (4 vs 3 days; P = .43).

Conclusion:

Using a templated comment with urine cultures reduced antifungal prescription rates in hospitalized patients with candiduria. This strategy is a low-resource technique to improve antimicrobial stewardship.
Block dense weighted networks with augmented degree correction
Authors: Leinwand Benjamin , Pipiras Vladas
Published: September 2022

Dense networks with weighted connections often exhibit a community-like structure, where although most nodes are connected to each other, different patterns of edge weights may emerge depending on each node’s community membership. We propose a new framework for generating and estimating dense weighted networks with potentially different connectivity patterns across different communities. The proposed model relies on a particular class of functions which map individual node characteristics to the edges connecting those nodes, allowing for flexibility while requiring a small number of parameters relative to the number of edges. By leveraging the estimation techniques, we also develop a bootstrap methodology for generating new networks on the same set of vertices, which may be useful in circumstances where multiple data sets cannot be collected. Performance of these methods is analyzed in theory, simulations, and real data.
Computer aided aircraft project design
Authors: Hitch H. P. Y.
Published: September 2022

The computer can be used in many ways to assist in the project and design stages of aircraft development. As would be expected it was used first to assist in the more unwieldy calculations of the design stage. Massive calculation sequences which previously involved much tedious labour, or were effectively beyond the capacity of a design office to perform, suddenly became a few hours work for one or two technicians. Project analysis, being concerned with an earlier stage of development where calculations are simpler and more approximate, tended to remain largely unaffected. However, it became clear that the very simplicity of the preliminary project calculations would, at least in principle, allow the entire project analysis phase to be computerised, so allowing many parametric variations to be done in a short time with minimum effort. The natural follow-on to this was the optimising project analysis program of which examples now exist. With such programs one is able to predict an optimum configuration to meet a given requirement, given only the basic data to define the scope of the calculation.
Weaponizing rescue: Law and the materiality of migration management in the Aegean
Authors: Keady-Tabbal Niamh , Mann Itamar
Published: September 2022

Looking at the migration management policies at Europe’s external Aegean border, this article examines how and why infrastructures of protection come to function as technologies of border violence. The repurposing of rescue rafts for extreme border violence in the Aegean Sea reveals a little-examined dark side of European ‘migration management’ as a process purportedly aimed to ‘civilize’ Greek coastguard operations. In transforming life-saving materials into life-threatening ones, patterns of border violence tell an alarming story about the relationship between law, politics, and the materiality of physical objects: absent concrete political and moral commitments to international protection, rescue’s physical infrastructure has been weaponized. The weaponized life raft further challenges the assumptions underpinning European ‘migration management’: the idea that technocratic solutions can fix structural injustices, or that ‘neutral assistance can ensure human rights compliance. The case study thus demonstrates the incompatibility of managerialism with human rights protection in the context of contemporary migration.
Review of the impact of COVID-19 on male reproduction, and its implications on assisted reproductive technology services
Authors: Sciorio Romualdo , Tramontano Luca , Bellaminutti Serena , Aiello Raffaele , Fortunato Adriana , Marci Roberto , Janssens Ronny
Published: September 2022

The announcement in 2019 of a new coronavirus disease that quickly became a major pandemic, is an exceptional challenge to healthcare systems never seen before. Such a public health emergency can largely influence various aspects of people’s health as well as reproductive outcome. IVF specialists should be vigilant, monitoring the situation whilst contributing by sharing novel evidence to counsel patients, both pregnant women and would-be mothers. Coronavirus infection might adversely affect pregnant women and their offspring. Consequently, this review paper aims to analyse its potential risks for reproductive health, as well as potential effects of the virus on gamete function and embryo development. In addition, reopening fertility clinics poses several concerns that need immediate addressing, such as the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on reproductive cells and also the potential risk of cross-contamination and viral transmission. Therefore, this manuscript summarizes what is currently known about the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on medically assisted reproductive treatments and its effect on reproductive health and pregnancy.
Assessing the usability and acceptability of Face IT@home: an online CBT intervention for people with visible differences
Authors: Norman Alyson , Veale Joanne , Williamson Heidi
Published: September 2022

To increase access to support, an online psychosocial support tool for adults with visible differences was adapted for use without referral or supervision. This intervention combines a cognitive behavioural and social skills model of support. This study aimed to assess the usability and acceptability of Face IT@home as a self-help intervention. Eighty-one participants were recruited (32 with visible differences). Stage 1 included 14 participants (11 female, all with visible differences) who viewed two sessions of Face IT@home and undertook a semi-structured telephone interview. Stage 2 consisted of 14 think-aloud sessions (13 female, none with visible differences) with participants, supervised by researchers. Stage 3 employed 53 participants (47 female; 19 with visible differences), to view one session of Face IT@home and complete an online survey to evaluate usability and acceptability. User interviews, think-aloud studies and questionnaires identified usability and acceptability factors of Face IT@home that make it fit for purpose as a self-help tool. Participants suggested some changes to the Face IT@home program to improve usability. Participants reported that Face IT@home was a useful tool for people with visible differences and could be effective. The CBT-based model was considered a useful approach to addressing psychosocial concerns. The online self-help format will increase access to psychological support for adults with visible differences.

Key learning aims

(1)

The paper outlines an important cognitive behavioural framework for supporting adults with visible differences.

(2)

The paper demonstrates the importance of user testing and client involvement in developing intervention models.

(3)

The studies highlight one approach to the process of user testing that can produce a robust online intervention.
Fingerpolyarthrose – klinisches Bild und zeitgemässes Management
Authors: Bachmann Stefan
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die Arthrose der Fingergelenke (HOA) ist eine häufige Gelenkserkrankung, die mit dem Alter zunimmt. Die Ursache ist polyäthiologisch. Am häufigsten betroffen sind die Fingerendgelenke, gefolgt vom Daumensattelgelenk, den Fingermittelgelenken und den Fingergrundgelenken. Die HOA äussert sich mit schmerzhaften Funktionseinschränkungen der Hand und der Finger. Therapeutisch sind in erster Linie Life-style-Modifikationen und Übungsbehandlungen zu empfehlen. Erst wenn die nicht-medikamentösen Massnahmen zu wenig oder nicht hilfreich sind, sollen Medikamente eingesetzt werden. Als Präparate der ersten Wahl gelten nicht-steroidale Antirheumatika topisch oder peroral. Auch pharmazeutisch hergestellte Chondroitinpräparate sind evidenzbasiert hilfreich. Bei stark schmerzhaften oder erosiven Formen der HOA können Kortikosteroide intraartikulär angewendet werden. Der Stellenwert der Lasertherapie oder der fraktionierten Bestrahlung ist (noch) unklar. Keinen therapeutischen Stellenwert haben klassische Disease-Modifying Drugs, wie sie bei den entzündlich-rheumatologischen Gelenkskrankheiten eingesetzt werden. Chirurgische Interventionen sind zu prüfen, wenn die konservativen Behandlungen nicht genügend hilfreich sind und die Handfunktion deutlich eingeschränkt ist.