bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Analysis of an Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Solar Energy and Battery Storage
Authors: Buestan-Morales Elvis , Fajardo-Castillo Steven , Barragán-Escandón Antonio , Zalamea-León Esteban , Serrano-Guerrero Xavier
Published: August 2024

Ecuador, like every country in the world, urgently requires a conversion of transportation to electric power, both for economic and environmental reasons. This paper focuses on the technical and economic feasibility of a solar-powered electric charging station equipped with battery storage in Cuenca, Ecuador. By reviewing current literature, we assess the environmental impact of electric mobility and its potential to reduce fossil fuel dependence and generate energy savings. The analysis encompasses various factors, including EV energy consumption, solar energy system sizing, energy production, and battery storage capacity. Key findings indicate that integrating solar PV systems with EV charging stations efficiently supports a reliable and sustainable energy supply. Simulation results reveal seasonal variations in solar generation, highlighting the importance of proper system sizing to maintain charging supply reliability and manage surplus generation. The economic analysis of three scenarios underscores the financial viability of implementing PV systems without battery storage, yielding a positive Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present Value (NPV). However, scenarios with battery storage present negative NPV and long investment return periods, impacting economic viability negatively. These insights underscore the need for a balanced design to ensure sustainability and economic feasibility in the transition to electric mobility.
Application of Electrical Protection on Subsea Electrically Trace Heated Pipe-in-Pipe Line
Authors: Jez Radoslaw , Lazarczyk Michal , Ejma-Multanski Jakub , Kowalik Ryszard , Januszewski Marcin , Kurek Karol , Nogal Lukasz , Szreder Radosław , Szewczyk Marcin
Published: August 2024

The deployment of Electrically Trace Heated Pipe-in-Pipe (ETH-PiP) brings the challenges of reliable protection selection and setting. This paper presents a study of relays and protection function optimization for ETH-PiP systems. The study is based on the developed simulation model of a typical ETH-PiP system. The paper presents simulation studies of physical phenomena occurring during electrical disturbances in the ETH-PiP system and offers detailed analyses applicable to system protection, including detection of disturbances, location, and elimination.
Economic Value Assessment of Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) Operation under Various Environmental Conditions
Authors: Chung Kwanghun , Ryu Jong-Hyun
Published: August 2024

The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) has initiated a significant transformation in both the transportation and energy sectors. With the increasing adoption of EVs, their interaction with the power grid is becoming more critical. A notable and innovative concept emerging in this context is Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) operations, which utilize the battery storage capabilities of EVs to meet residential energy demands. Our research provides a way of economically evaluating V2H operations under various environmental conditions including pricing, seasonal differences, and EV operations. The proposed model aids in understanding the optimal operation of V2H and identifying the factors that encourage its adoption. Furthermore, optimizing V2H use can promote renewable energy utilization, providing an additional solution to address its intermittent nature. The findings highlight the potential of V2H operations to contribute to more economically efficient energy systems, provided that supportive policies and adaptive technologies are in place.
Estimating Interception Density in the BB84 Protocol: A Study with a Noisy Quantum Simulator
Authors: Fiorini Francesco , Pagano Michele , Garroppo Rosario Giuseppe , Osele Antonio
Published: August 2024

Quantum computers have the potential to break the public-key cryptosystems widely used in key exchange and digital signature applications. To address this issue, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a robust countermeasure against quantum computer attacks. Among various QKD schemes, BB84 is the most widely used and studied. However, BB84 implementations are inherently imperfect, resulting in quantum bit error rates (QBERs) even in the absence of eavesdroppers. Distinguishing between QBERs caused by eavesdropping and QBERs due to channel imperfections is fundamentally infeasible. In this context, this paper proposes and examines a practical method for detecting eavesdropping via partial intercept-and-resend attacks in the BB84 protocol. A key feature of the proposed method is its consideration of quantum system noise. The efficacy of this method is assessed by employing the Quantum Solver library in conjunction with backend simulators inspired by real quantum machines that model quantum system noise. The simulation outcomes demonstrate the method’s capacity to accurately estimate the eavesdropper’s interception density in the presence of system noise. Moreover, the results indicate that the estimation accuracy of the eavesdropper’s interception density in the presence of system noise is dependent on both the actual interception density value and the key length.
Hydrogen Gas-Grilling in Meat: Impact on Odor Profile and Contents of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Beriain María José , Gómez Inmaculada , García Susana , Urroz José Carlos , Diéguez Pedro María , Ibañez Francisco C.
Published: August 2024

The effect of fuel (hydrogen vs. butane) on the formation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated for grilled horse meat (very low-fat and low-fat) cooking vertically. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze PAHs and VOCs. An electronic nose was used to evaluate the odor profile. Total high-molecular-weight PAHs ranged from 19.59 to 28.65 µg/kg with butane and from 1.83 to 1.61 µg/kg with hydrogen. Conversely, total low-molecular-weight PAHs went from 184.41 to 286.03 µg/kg with butane and from 36.88 to 41.63 µg/kg with hydrogen. Aldehydes and alkanes were the predominant family in a total of 59 VOCs. Hydrogen gas-grilling reduced significantly (p < 0.05) the generation of VOCs related to lipid oxidation. The odor profile was not modified significantly despite the change of PAHs and VOCs. The findings indicate that hydrogen is a viable alternative to butane for grilling horse meat. Hydrogen gas-grilling may be regarded as a safe cooking procedure of meat from a PAH contamination point and perhaps sustainable environmentally compared to a conventional technique. The present study provides the basis for the use of hydrogen gas in grilled meat.
Exploring the Potential of Anthocyanin-Based Edible Coatings in Confectionery—Temperature Stability, pH, and Biocapacity
Authors: Serrano Carmo , Lamas Beatriz , Oliveira M. Conceição , Duarte Maria Paula
Published: August 2024

This study aims to develop purple-coloured polymeric coatings using natural anthocyanin and desoxyanthocianidins (3-DXA) colourants for application to chocolate almonds. The objective is to achieve a stable and uniform colour formulation throughout processing and storage, enhancing the appearance and durability of the almonds to appeal to health-conscious consumers and align with market demands. Plant materials like sweet potato pulp, sweet potato peel, radish peel, black carrot, and sorghum were employed to obtain the desired purple hue. Anthocyanidins and 3-DXA were extracted from the matrices using solvent extraction and ultrasound-assisted methods at different pH values. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) were used to identify the compounds in the extracts. The highest antioxidant capacities, as measured by the DPPH• and FRAP methods, were observed in purple sweet potato and dye factory extracts, respectively; meanwhile, sorghum extract inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating its potential for managing postprandial hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The degradation kinetics of coloured coatings in sugar syrup formulations with anthocyanins and 3-DXA revealed that locust bean gum offered the best colour stabilization for plant extracts, with sorghum extracts showing the highest and black carrot extracts the lowest colour variation when coated with Arabic gum. Sweet potato pulp extracts exhibited less colour variation in sugar pastes, both with and without blue spirulina dye, compared to factory dye, highlighting their potential as a more stable and suitable alternative for colouring purple almonds, particularly over a five-month storage period. This study supports sustainable practices in the confectionery industry while aligning with consumer preferences for healthier and environmentally friendly products.
Two-Dimensional Time-Fractional Nonlinear Drift Reaction–Diffusion Equation Arising in Electrical Field
Authors: Anjuman  , Leung Andrew Y. T. , Das Subir
Published: August 2024

Diffusion equations play a crucial role in various scientific and technological domains, including mathematical biology, physics, electrical engineering, and mathematics. This article presents a new formulation of the diffusion equation in the context of electrical engineering. Specifically, the behaviour of the physical quantity of charge carriers (such as concentration) is examined within semiconductor materials. The primary focus of this work is to solve the two-dimensional, time-fractional, nonlinear drift reaction–diffusion equation by applying an appropriate numerical scheme. In recent years, researchers working on nonlinear diffusion equations have proposed several numerical methods, with the shifted airfoil collocation method being one such efficient technique for solving nonlinear partial differential equations. This collocation approach effectively reduces the considered two-dimensional, time-fractional, nonlinear drift reaction–diffusion equation to a system of algebraic equations. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated through an error analysis, comparing the exact solution and the proposed numerical solution for a specific form of the considered mathematical model. The variations in the concentration of charge carriers, driven by the effects of drift and reaction terms, are displayed graphically as the system transitions from a fractional order to an integer order.
A Systematic Review on the In Vivo Studies on Radiofrequency (100 kHz–300 GHz) Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Co-Carcinogenesis
Authors: Pinto Rosanna , Ardoino Lucia , Giardullo Paola , Villani Paola , Marino Carmela
Published: August 2024

In this systematic review, the potential role of in vivo RF–EMF exposure combined with the administration of well-known carcinogens in tumor promotion/progression is assessed. A total of 25 papers were included in the review. Each paper was assessed for Risk of Bias and for the attribution of the quality category. A meta-analysis was conducted on 18 studies, analyzing data for nine different organs/tumors to assess the potential increased risk for the onset of tumors as well as the effects on survival. A descriptive review was performed for the remaining seven eligible papers. In most cases, the results of the meta-analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference in tumor onset between the sham and co-exposed samples. There was a numerically small increase in the risk of malignant tumors observed in the kidney and liver, as well as benign lung tumors. The level of evidence for health effects indicated “inadequate” evidence for an association between in vivo co-exposure to RF–EMF and known carcinogens and the onset of malignant or benign tumors in most of the analyzed tissues. Nevertheless, the limited number of eligible papers/studies for most of the analyzed tissues suggests that these results cannot be considered definitively conclusive.
β-D-Glucose-Reduced Silver Nanoparticles Remodel the Tumor Microenvironment in a Murine Model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Félix-Piña Pedro , Franco Molina Moisés Armides , García Coronado Paola Leonor , Prado-Garcia Heriberto , Zarate-Triviño Diana Ginette , Castro-Valenzuela Beatriz Elena , Moreno-Amador Kenia Arisbe , Uscanga Palomeque Ashanti Concepción , Rodríguez Padilla Cristina
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide and the second cause of death in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive, and due to the lack of specific targets, it is considered the most challenging subtype to treat and the subtype with the worst prognosis. The present study aims to determine the antitumor effect of beta-D-glucose-reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-G) in a murine model of TNBC, as well as to study its effect on the tumor microenvironment. In an airbag model with 4T1 tumor cell implantation, the administration of AgNPs-G or doxorubicin showed antitumoral activity. Using immunohistochemistry it was demonstrated that treatment with AgNPs-G decreased the expression of PCNA, IDO, and GAL-3 and increased the expression of Caspase-3. In the tumor microenvironment, the treatment increased the percentage of memory T cells and innate effector cells and decreased CD4+ cells and regulatory T cells. There was also an increase in the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6, while TNF-α was increased in serum. In conclusion, we suggest that AgNPs-G treatment has an antitumor effect that is demonstrated by its ability to remodel the tumor microenvironment in mice with TNBC.
α-IRAK-4 Suppresses the Activation of RANK/RANKL Pathway on Macrophages Exposed to Endodontic Microorganisms
Authors: Hernández-Sandoval Elsa Montserrat , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Raquel , Torres-Monjarás Ana Patricia , Alvarado-Hernández Diana Lorena , Méndez-González Verónica , Hernández-Castro Berenice , Bernal-Silva Sofía , Comas-García Andreu , Martínez-Rider Ricardo , González-Amaro Roberto , Vitales-Noyola Marlen
Published: August 2024

Periapical lesions are common pathologies affecting the alveolar bone, often initiated by intraradicular lesions resulting from microbial exposure to dental pulp. These microorganisms trigger inflammatory and immune responses. When endodontic treatment fails to eliminate the infection, periapical lesions persist, leading to bone loss. The RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway plays a crucial role in both the formation and the destruction of the bone. In this study, the objective was to inhibit the RANK/RANKL pathway in vitro within exposed Thp-1 macrophages to endodontic microorganisms, specifically Enterococcus faecalis, which was isolated from root canals of 20 patients with endodontic secondary/persistent infection, symptomatic and asymptomatic, and utilizing an α-IRAK-4 inhibitor, we introduced endodontic microorganisms and/or lipoteichoic acid from Streptococcus spp. to cellular cultures in a culture plate, containing thp-1 cells and/or PBMC from patients with apical periodontitis. Subsequently, we assessed the percentages of RANK+, RANKL+, and OPG+ cells through flow cytometry and measured the levels of several inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70) in the cellular culture supernatant through a CBA kit and performed analysis by flow cytometry. A significant difference was observed in the percentages of RANK+RANKL+, OPG+ RANKL+ cells in thp-1 cells and PBMCs from patients with apical periodontitis. The findings revealed significant differences in the percentages of the evaluated cells, highlighting the novel role of the IRAK-4 inhibitor in addressing this oral pathology, apical periodontitis, where bone destruction is observed.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Aldosterone and Renin Measurement by Chemiluminescence for Screening of Patients with Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Tetti Martina , Burrello Jacopo , Goi Jessica , Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Gioiello Giulia , Settanni Fabio , Monticone Silvia , Mulatero Paolo , Mengozzi Giulio
Published: August 2024

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine arterial hypertension, and the suggested screening test for case detection is the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) or aldosterone-to-direct renin ratio (ADRR) based on radio-immunoassay (RIA) and chemiluminescence assay (CLIA), respectively. The objective of our study was to evaluate the reliability of CLIA for aldosterone and renin measurement and the diagnostic performance of ADRR. A prospective cohort of 1110 patients referred to a single laboratory medicine center underwent measurement of aldosterone and direct renin concentration (DRC) by CLIA and measurement of aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA) by RIA. Of 1110 patients, 640 obtained a final diagnosis of hypertension, and 90 of these patients were diagnosed with PA. Overall, between-method correlation was highly significant for aldosterone concentrations (R = 0.945, p < 0.001) and less strong but significant for DRC/PRA (R = 0.422, p < 0.001). Among hypertensive patients, in PA cases, the areas under the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were 0.928 (95% confidence interval 0.904–0.954) for ADRR and 0.943 (95% confidence interval 0.920–0.966) for ARR and were comparable and not significantly different. The highest accuracy was obtained with an ADRR cut-off of 25 (ng/L)/(mIU/L), displaying a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 85%. The chemiluminescence assay for aldosterone and DRC is a reliable method for PA diagnosis compared to the classical RIA method.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of miR-369-3p via PDE4B in Intestinal Inflammatory Response
Authors: Scalavino Viviana , Piccinno Emanuele , Labarile Nicoletta , Armentano Raffaele , Giannelli Gianluigi , Serino Grazia
Published: August 2024

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consist of a family of enzymes expressed in several types of cells, including inflammatory cells, that play a pivotal role in inflammation. Several studies have demonstrated that the inhibition of PDE4 results in a reduced inflammatory response via PKA and CREB signaling. Hence, PDE4 suppression improves the inflammatory feedback typical of several diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that miR-369-3p regulates inflammatory responses, modulating different aspects of the inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to demonstrate an additional anti-inflammatory effect of miR-369-3p targeting PDE4B, one of the widely expressed isoforms in immune cells. We found that miR-369-3p was able to reduce the expression of PDE4B, elevating the intracellular levels of cAMP. This accumulation increased the expression of PKA and pCREB, mitigating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. To prove that PDE4B is a good therapeutic target in IBD, we also demonstrate that the expression of PDE4B was increased in UC patients compared to healthy controls, affecting the immune infiltrate. PDE4B is considered an important player in inflammatory progression; hence, our results show the ability of miR-369-3p to ameliorate inflammation by targeting PDE4B, supporting its future application as a new therapeutic approach in IBD.
Mechanisms of Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Disease
Authors: Xu Linna , Yang Qingqing , Zhou Jinghua
Published: August 2024

Lipid metabolism is a critical component in preserving homeostasis and health, and lipids are significant chemicals involved in energy metabolism in living things. With the growing interest in lipid metabolism in recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the close relationship between abnormalities in lipid metabolism and the development of numerous human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and endocrine system diseases. Thus, understanding how aberrant lipid metabolism contributes to the development of related diseases and how it works offers a theoretical foundation for treating and preventing related human diseases as well as new avenues for the targeted treatment of related diseases. Therefore, we discuss the processes of aberrant lipid metabolism in various human diseases in this review, including diseases of the cardiovascular system, neurodegenerative diseases, endocrine system diseases (such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus), and other diseases including cancer.
Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Commitment: Psychological Capital as a Mediator and Self-Actualization as Moderator
Authors: Rajakumar Cynthia Sheeba Cathrin , Usman Syed Aktharsha , Micheal Mary Pearly Sumathi Soosai , Parayitam Satyanarayana
Published: August 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of knowledge sharing on organizational commitment. A conceptual model shows hypothesized relationships between knowledge sharing, psychological capital, and organizational commitment. Further, the roles of self-actualization and gender as moderators have been explored. The model is tested with data from faculty members from higher educational institutions in southern India. Using a structured survey instrument, data were collected from 368 faculty members and analyzed after testing the instrument’s psychometric properties using LISREL9 software for structural equation modeling. PROCESS macros were used to test hypotheses. The results reveal that (i) knowledge sharing significantly and positively impacts psychological capital and organizational commitment, and (ii) psychological capital mediates the relationship between knowledge sharing and organizational commitment. The results strongly support self-actualization as moderating the relationship between knowledge sharing and psychological capital. Further, gender as a moderator showed that the relationship between knowledge sharing and organizational commitment was stronger for female faculty compared to male faculty members. The theoretical contribution and practical implications are discussed. Keywords: knowledge sharing, psychological capital, organizational commitment, self-actualization, gender, higher educational institutions, India.
Persistent Gastrointestinal Bleeding after Aortic Valve Replacement in Heyde’s Syndrome
Authors: Ceasovschih Alexandr , Alexa Raluca-Elena , Șorodoc Victorița , Balta Anastasia , Constantin Mihai , Coman Adorata Elena , Petriș Ovidiu Rusalim , Stătescu Cristian , Sascău Radu A. , Onofrei Viviana , Diaconu Alexandra-Diana , Morărașu Bianca Codrina , Rusu-Zota Gabriela , Șorodoc Laurențiu
Published: August 2024

Heyde’s syndrome (HS) represents an association between aortic stenosis and intestinal angiodysplasias, and it has been demonstrated that acquired von Willebrand disease plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. In patients with HS, von Willebrand factor deficiency represents an additional risk factor, further contributing to the risk of bleeding and anemia. We present the case of an 86-year-old patient diagnosed with HS and von Willebrand deficiency in 2018. Four years prior, the patient underwent surgical aortic valve replacement. Since then, she has been receiving chronic oral anticoagulation therapy with a vitamin K antagonist. The patient was admitted to the Internal Medicine Clinic due to semi-solid dark stools, diffuse abdominal pain, and asthenia. Upon examination, the patient presented with an altered general status and clinical signs suggestive of anemia. Laboratory findings revealed anemia with elevated INR and aPTT values. Colonic angiodysplasias were identified during a colonoscopy, although no sources of active bleeding were detected. On the 9th day of hospitalization, the patient experienced an episode of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The pharmacological management was adjusted, and argon plasma coagulation was recommended. Following treatment of the angiodysplastic lesions, the patient’s clinical evolution was favorable, with the correction of the anemia.
Impact of Perioperative Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) Administration on Postoperative Intracranial Hemorrhage (pICH) and Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Intracranial Meningiomas
Authors: Pinchuk Anatoli , Tonchev Nikolay , Stein Klaus Peter , Swiatek Vanessa M. , Dumitru Claudia A. , Neyazi Belal , Sandalcioglu Ibrahim Erol , Rashidi Ali
Published: August 2024

Background: In routine medical practice, patients are increasingly using ASA for primary and secondary prevention. Although many of these patients discontinue ASA prior to elective intracranial surgery, there are limited data to support whether perioperative ASA use raises the risk of postoperative hemorrhage. This study aimed to investigate the implications of continuing or stopping ASA around the time of surgery in patients with intracranial meningiomas, focusing on postoperative hemorrhage and thromboembolic events. Methods: For this purpose, medical records and radiological images of 1862 patients who underwent cranial neurosurgical procedures for brain tumors over a decade at our neurosurgical institute were retrospectively analyzed. The risk of postoperative hemorrhage was evaluated by comparing meningioma patients who received ASA treatment with those who did not. Furthermore, we investigated other factors that influence postoperative hemorrhage and thromboembolic events, particularly in patients receiving ASA treatment. Results: A total of 422 patients diagnosed with meningiomas underwent surgical intervention. Among the patients who received ASA preoperatively, 4 out of 46 (8.69%) experienced postoperative hemorrhage requiring surgical intervention, whereas the same complication occurred in only 4 out of 376 patients (1.06%) in the non-ASA group (p = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the incidence of thromboembolic events between the two groups. Conclusions: Our analysis revealed an increased risk of postoperative hemorrhage in patients using ASA.
Nasal High-Flow Oxygen Therapy in Chronic Respiratory Failure for Homecare Applications—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Grünewaldt Achim , Rohde Gernot
Published: August 2024

Background: While high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNCs) represent the standard of care in the intensive care unit for patients with severe hypoxemia, its use in homecare settings is uncommon despite its potential. The potential benefits and challenges of the high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in homecare settings compared to standard long-term oxygen via nasal low-flow therapy are unclear. Methods: We conducted a prospective monocentric feasibility study at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany. Patients with interstitial lung disease or severe bronchiectasis (including cystic fibrosis) were enrolled into the study. The HFNC was introduced during hospitalization. The patients’ compliance with home use advice and arterial blood gas results were evaluated at a 4–6-week follow-up. Results: A total of 12 patients were analyzed. HFNC initiation did not result in a significant improvement of the pO2/fiO2 (p/f) ratio. Only 8 out of 12 (66.6%) patients used the HFNC at home after the initial in-hospital initiation. Only 7 of the total 12 patients were using the therapy at a follow-up 3–6 weeks after HFNC onset. Two patients died during the observation, resulting in a surveillance mortality rate of 16.7%. Conclusions: The feasibility data showed low adherence to the HFNC at home. The lack of any positive effect on the p/f ratio may be due to low airflow rates and overall mild hypoxemia compared to patients with severe respiratory failure in the ICU.
Investigating the Variables Associated with Physical Exercise Status among United States Adults with Arthritis
Authors: Axon David R.
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Arthritis is a chronic, debilitating condition affecting millions of United States (US) adults. Regular physical exercise is particularly important for adults with arthritis. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics associated with regular physical exercise in US adults with arthritis. Methods: This cross-sectional database study used 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data and included US adults (age ≥ 18) alive with arthritis. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed to test the association of the following variables with regular physical exercise (defined as moderate-vigorous intensity exercise for ≥30 min ≥5 times weekly; yes, no): age, sex, Hispanic, race, census region, marriage status, schooling, employment, health insurance, household income, mental health, general health, smoking status, chronic conditions, pain, and functional limitations. Results: Overall, 5091 people (regular physical exercise n = 2331, no regular physical exercise n = 2760) were involved in this analysis. Most were female, non-Hispanic, white, married, had schooling beyond high school, were unemployed, had private health insurance, had mid-high household income, had good mental health, had good general health, were non-smokers, had two or more chronic conditions, had little/moderate pain, and did not have a functional limitation. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, male vs. female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.440, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.185–1.749), employed vs. unemployed (OR = 1.277, 95% CI = 1.005–1.624), good vs. poor general health (OR = 2.174, 95% CI = 1.673–2.824), little/moderate vs. quite a bit/extreme pain (OR = 1.418, 95% CI = 1.109–1.818), and no functional limitation (OR = 1.592, 95% CI = 1.282–1.980) were associated with higher odds of reporting regular physical exercise, while Midwest vs. West census region (OR = 0.698, 95% CI = 0.521–0.935) was associated with lower odds of reporting regular physical exercise. Conclusions: This study identified variables associated with regular physical exercise among US adults with arthritis. Further work is needed to develop interventions for characteristics that may help increase exercise and, subsequently, health outcomes in this population.
Antiphospholipid Antibody Testing in a Maximum Care Hospital: Method-Dependent Differences
Authors: Kocijancic Marija , Goj Thomas , Peter Andreas , Klein Reinhild , Hörber Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Background: Antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) testing is critical for the classification of antiphospholipid syndrome. The 2023 ACR/EULAR classification criteria recommend the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and specific thresholds for aPL positivity. Since non-ELISA methods are increasingly used, we compared and evaluated ELISA and non-ELISA aPL assays in a real-world maximum care hospital setting. Methods: Between January 2021 and June 2024, anticardiolipin (aCL; IgG and IgM) and anti-beta2 glycoprotein I (aß2GPI; IgG and IgM) antibodies were measured using ELISA (n = 5115) and a chemiluminescence-based automated immunoassay (CLIA) (n = 3820). Results of parallel testing were compared, and associations with clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated. Results: A total of 946 samples were tested using ELISA and CLIA in parallel. A total of 136 (14%) specimens were positive for at least one aPL, and 55 (6%) specimens were from patients diagnosed with APS. Among the latter, 47 (85%) and 41 (75%) patients were positive when ELISA- or CLIA-based aPL assays were used, respectively. After applying the >40 units threshold of the new classification criteria, the number of aPL-positive specimens was significantly lower. In the entire cohort, the agreement between ELISA and CLIA aPL assays was acceptable only for aß2GPI IgG; the results from the two methods did not agree for aCL IgG/IgM and aß2GPI IgM. In APS patients, the agreement between ELISA and CLIA aPL assays was acceptable for aß2GPI IgG and IgM but poor for aCL IgG and IgM. Antibody levels in APS patients were significantly higher using CLIA compared to ELISA. Conclusions: The method-dependent discrepancies between ELISA- and CLIA-based aPL assays regarding the quantitative and qualitative results are substantial. Both methods are suitable for APS classification, but the choice of aPL assay may influence the classification, and therefore, aPL results should be interpreted carefully in the clinical context.
Relationship between Circadian System Status, Child–Pugh Score, and Clinical Outcome in Cirrhotic Patients on Waiting Lists for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Martínez-Alarcón Laura , Martínez-Nicolás Antonio , Jover-Aguilar Marta , López-López Víctor , Alconchel-Gago Felipe , Ríos Antonio , Madrid Juan Antonio , de los Ángeles Rol María , Ramírez Pablo , Ramis Guillermo
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Many patients suffering from liver cirrhosis are eventually added to waiting lists for liver transplantation whose priority is established based on scales such as the Child–Pugh score. However, two marker rhythms of the circadian system, motor activity and distal temperature, are not evaluated. Methods: To determine the relationship between the functional status of the circadian system and the Child–Pugh scale in patients awaiting liver transplantation, distal temperature, motor activity, and light exposure rhythms were monitored for a full week using a wrist device (Kronowise 6.0) in 63 patients (17 women, 46 men) aged between 20 and 76 years. Results: Circadian parameters (amplitude, regularity, and fragmentation) of motor activity rhythms, distal temperature, and light exposure worsen in close association with liver disease severity as assessed by using the Child–Pugh score. Likewise, the worsening of rhythmic parameters and liver disease is associated with a deterioration in the markers of the red series: count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Conclusions: These results indicate the utility of ambulatory monitoring of marker rhythms to complement the clinical information provided by the Child–Pugh scale and to help establish nutrition, physical exercise, and sleep guidelines that promote better survival and quality of life in these patients.
Homograft Aortic Root Replacement for Destructive Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Results in the Current Era
Authors: Pocar Marco , Barbero Cristina , Marro Matteo , Ferrante Luisa , Costamagna Andrea , Fazio Luigina , La Torre Michele , Boffini Massimo , Salizzoni Stefano , Rinaldi Mauro
Published: August 2024

Background: Destructive aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis portends a high morbidity and mortality, and requires complex high-risk surgery. Homograft root replacement is the most radical and biocompatible operation and, thus, the preferred option. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 consecutive patients who underwent a cardiac reoperation comprising homograft aortic root replacement since 2010. The probabilities of survival were calculated with the Kaplan–Meier method, whereas multivariable regression served to outline the predictors of adverse events. The endpoints were operative/late death, perioperative low cardiac output and renal failure, and reoperations. Results: The operative (cumulative hospital and 30-day) mortality was 13%. The baseline aspartate transaminase (AST) and associated mitral procedures were predictive of operative death (p = 0.048, OR [95% CIs] = 1.03 [1–1.06]) and perioperative low cardiac output, respectively (p = 0.04, OR [95% CIs] = 21.3 [2.7–168.9] for valve replacement). The latter occurred in 12 (20%) patients, despite a normal ejection fraction. Survival estimates (±SE) at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years after surgery were 86.3 ± 4.7%, 82.0 ± 4.9%, 75.2 ± 5.6, and 70.0 ± 6.3%, respectively. Survival was significantly lower in the case of AST ≥ 40 IU/L (p = 0.04) and aortic cross-clamp time ≥ 180 min (p = 0.01), but not when excluding operative survivors. Five patients required early (two out of the five, within 3 months) or late (three out of the five) reoperation. Conclusions: Homograft aortic root replacement for destructive prosthetic valve endocarditis can currently be performed with a near 90% operative survival and reasonable 3-year mortality and reoperation rate. AST might serve to additionally stratify the operative risk.
Physical Treatments and Therapies for Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Lama Siddhi Bianca Camila , Pérez-González Luis Alfonso , Kosoglu Mehmet A. , Dennis Robert , Ortega-Quijano Daniel
Published: August 2024

Androgenetic alopecia, the most common cause of hair loss affecting both men and women, is typically treated using pharmaceutical options, such as minoxidil and finasteride. While these medications work for many individuals, they are not suitable options for all. To date, the only non-pharmaceutical option that the United States Food and Drug Administration has cleared as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia is low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Numerous clinical trials utilizing LLLT devices of various types are available. However, a myriad of other physical treatments for this form of hair loss have been reported in the literature. This review evaluated the effectiveness of microneedling, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), fractional laser therapy, and nonablative laser therapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). It also explores the potential of multimodal treatments combining these physical therapies. The majority of evidence in the literature supports LLLT as a physical therapy for androgenetic alopecia. However, other physical treatments, such as nonablative laser treatments, and multimodal approaches, such as PEMF-LLLT, seem to have the potential to be equally or more promising and merit further exploration.
Etiology, Outcomes, and Complications of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Younger Patients: A Nationwide Big Data Analysis
Authors: Maman David , Fournier Linor , Steinfeld Yaniv , Berkovich Yaron
Published: August 2024

Background: This study investigates the rising trend of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients under 55 years old, commonly referred to as “younger” THA patients. Traditionally a procedure for older adults with osteoarthritis, THA is increasingly performed on younger patients. Methods: Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2016 to 2019, we analyze the factors driving this trend, including the causes of hip issues, patient characteristics, and coexisting medical conditions. The study examines in-hospital mortality, length of stay, post-surgical complications, and hospitalization costs for 231,630 THA patients aged 18–54.9, identified using ICD-10 codes. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that younger patients (aged 18–34.9) had higher rates of chronic anemia, inflammatory bowel disease, sickle cell disorders, connective tissue disorders, and coagulation defects compared to patients aged 35–44.9 and 45–54.9. They also experienced the longest hospital stays (2.08 days) and highest costs ($70,540). Significant odds ratios were found for sickle cell disorders (36.078), coagulation defects (1.566), inflammatory bowel disease (2.582), connective tissue disorders (11.727), hip dislocation (3.447), and blood transfusion (1.488) in younger patients compared to other THA patients. Conclusions: Comprehensive analysis of these unique needs is crucial for optimizing care, tailoring treatment, managing co-existing conditions, and personalizing recovery strategies to improve outcomes and quality of life for younger THA patients.
Investigation of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Parameters with Respect to Their Influence on the Thermal Conductivity of 316L Samples
Authors: Eichler Fabian , Balc Nicolae , Bremen Sebastian , Nink Philipp
Published: August 2024

The thermal conductivity of components manufactured using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), also called Selective Laser Melting (SLM), plays an important role in their processing. Not only does a reduced thermal conductivity cause residual stresses during the process, but it also makes subsequent processes such as the welding of LPBF components more difficult. This article uses 316L stainless steel samples to investigate whether and to what extent the thermal conductivity of specimens can be influenced by different LPBF parameters. To this end, samples are set up using different parameters, orientations, and powder conditions and measured by a heat flow meter using stationary analysis. The heat flow meter set-up used in this study achieves good reproducibility and high measurement accuracy, so that comparative measurements between the various LPBF influencing factors to be tested are possible. In summary, the series of measurements show that the residual porosity of the components has the greatest influence on conductivity. The degradation of the powder due to increased recycling also appears to be detectable. The build-up direction shows no detectable effect in the measurement series.
Primary Pulmonary Myxoid Sarcoma in an Asymptomatic 47-Year-Old Female
Authors: Halpern Alex I. , Behtaj Mohadese , Arbzadeh Elham , Mortman Keith D.
Published: August 2024

Primary pulmonary myxoid sarcoma (PPMS) is a rarely reported, low-grade malignant endobronchial tumor. We describe a case of PPMS in an asymptomatic 47-year-old female. We highlight the clinical and pathologic aspects of PPMS and its relationship with angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.
Feeding-Related Early Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review
Authors: Castro Kamila , Frye Richard E , Silva Eduarda , Vasconcelos Cristiane , Hoffmann Laura , Riesgo Rudimar , Vaz Juliana
Published: August 2024

Feeding difficulties are prevalent among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nevertheless, the knowledge about the association between feeding-related early signs and child development remains limited. This review aimed to describe the signs and symptoms related to feeding during child development and to explore their relevance to the diagnosis of ASD. Specialists in nutrition and/or ASD conducted a search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. Although studies in typically developing children demonstrate age-related variations in hunger and satiety cues, the literature about early feeding indicators in ASD is scarce. Challenges such as shortened breastfeeding duration, difficulties in introducing solid foods, and atypical mealtime behaviors are frequently observed in children with ASD. The eating difficulties experienced during childhood raise concerns for caregivers who base their feeding practices on their perceptions of food acceptance or refusal. Considering the observed associations between feeding difficulties and ASD, the importance of recognizing feeding-related signs according to developmental milestones is emphasized to alert medical professionals that deviation in the formation of feeding habits and skills could indicate the need for ASD diagnostic investigation.
Osteomyelitis in Late-Stage Pressure Sore Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ruewe Marc , Siegmund Andreas , Rupp Markus , Prantl Lukas , Anker Alexandra M. , Klein Silvan M.
Published: August 2024

Background: Late-stage pressure sore (PS) patients are particularly susceptible to osteomyelitis (OM), as bony prominences commonly constitute the focal point of the ulcer. There are lack of data regarding the associated factors and the clinical relevance of this diagnosis in the context of PS treatment. Methods: This retrospective analysis investigated the clinical characteristics, blood markers indicative of infection in PS patients, and development of histologically evident OM. A total of 125 patient were included from 2014 to 2019. The patient records were especially scanned for histological diagnosis of OM. Results: OM was detected in 39% (37/96) of the samples taken during the index procedure. OM prevalence increased to 56% (43/77) at the second and 70% (41/59) at the third debridement. Therefore, the diagnosis of OM was acquired during treatment in 35 cases. Patients diagnosed with initial OM presented significantly higher blood markers, indicative of infection upon admission. Only patients with consistent OM (three positive biopsies) showed higher flap revision rates. Conclusion: This study found no compelling evidence linking OM to worse clinical outcomes in PS patients. In the absence of elevated inflammatory markers, reducing bone biopsy frequency and adopting a less aggressive bone debridement approach may help prevent OM in PS patients.
Effect of Nitrogen on Precipitate Characteristics and Pitting Resistance of Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Xu Hui , Wang Jinbin , Li Yugui , Wang Bin , Li Huaying , Liu Guangming
Published: August 2024

High-carbon–chromium martensitic stainless steel (MSS) is widely used in many fields due to its excellent mechanical properties, while the coarse eutectic carbide in MSS deteriorates corrosion resistance. In this work, nitrogen was added to the MSS to improve corrosion resistance. The effects of nitrogen on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of MSS were systematically studied. The results showed that the addition of nitrogen promoted the development of Cr2N and reversed austenite, effectively inhibiting the formation of δ-ferrite. Therefore, the durability of the passivation film was improved, the passivation zone was expanded, and the susceptibility to metastable pitting was decreased. As a consequence, nearly two orders of magnitude have been achieved in the pitting potential (Epit) of MSS containing nitrogen, and the polarization resistance value (Rp) has gone up from 4.05 kΩ·cm2 to 1.24 × 102 kΩ·cm2. This means that in a corrosive environment, nitrogen-treated MSS stainless steel is less likely to form pitting pits, which further extends the service life of the material.
The Oxidation of ZrB2/MoSi2 Ceramics in Dissociated Air: The Influence of the Elaboration Technique
Authors: Charpentier Ludovic , Miranda Pedro , Tallaron Hugo , Nogales Florencia M. , Sández-Gómez Álvaro , Bêche Eric , Balat-Pichelin Marianne
Published: August 2024

In order to investigate the most extreme conditions in which materials potentially applicable in reusable thermal shields can be operated, ultra-high-temperature ZrB2 ceramics with 20 vol.% MoSi2 were prepared using two different techniques, cold isostatic pressing (CIP) and robocasting (RC, an additive manufacturing technique), followed by consolidation using pressureless spark plasma sintering (SPS). The oxidation behavior of the resulting materials was analyzed in low-pressure dissociated air at three different temperatures, namely 1800, 2000 and 2200 K. Using XRD and surface and cross-section SEM (coupled with EDS), zirconia was found to form at all three temperatures, while silica was only present at 1800 K, with gaseous SiO forming at a higher temperature. The elaboration technique influences the density of the ceramic, and less dense materials undergo deeper oxidation. This investigation suggests that 2000 K is already beyond the maximum temperature threshold at which damage to ceramics is limited by the formation of protective silica. This study confirms that the selected material is a promising candidate for thermal protection applications.