bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Micro Friction Stir Welded Ultra-Thin Al-1060 Sheets by the Shoulderless Tool
Authors: Zhang Changqing , Wang Weijie , Jin Xin , Rong Chen , Qin Zhuo
Published: April 2019

The welding tool is the key of micro friction stir welding (μFSW), which affects the heat input and the plastic forming of weld metal. In this paper, 0.8-mm-thick ultra-thin 1060-H24 aluminum sheets μFSW butt joints were used to compare and analyze the influence of the conventional tool and shoulderless tool on weld shaping, microstructure and mechanical properties. Besides, by measuring the axial force, transverse force and weld temperature in μFSW process, the influence of these two different tools on the heat input and metal flow mechanism of the weld were analyzed. The results show that the weld generated by the shoulderless tool has narrower width, less heat input and metal involved in plastic forming resulting in smaller HAZ (heat affected zone). The hardness of NZ (nugget zone) is obviously increased compared with that of the base metal. The highest tensile strength can reach 108.6 MPa, accounting for 78.6% of the base metal and 117.3% of the joint by the conventional tool. But the welding defects have to be overcome for industrial application of the shoulderless tool.
Efficient Epstein-Barr Virus Progeny Production Mediated by Cancer-Derived LMP1 and Virally-Encoded microRNAs
Authors: Yajima Misako , Miyata Mamiko , Ikuta Kazufumi , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Oneyama Chitose , Kanda Teru
Published: April 2019

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes, particularly their latent genes, are heterogeneous among strains. The heterogeneity of EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) raises the question of whether there are functional differences between LMP1 expressed by cancer-associated EBV and that by non-cancerous strains. Here, we used bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-cloned EBV genomes retaining all virally encoded microRNA (miRNA) genes to investigate the functions of cancer-derived LMP1 in the context of the EBV genome. HEK293 cells were stably transfected with EBV-BAC clone DNAs encoding either nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)-derived CAO-LMP1 (LMP1CAO) or LMP1 from a prototype B95-8 strain of EBV (LMP1B95-8). When an EBV-BAC clone DNA encoding LMP1CAO was stably transfected into HEK293 cells, it generated many more stable transformants than the control clone encoding LMP1B95-8. Furthermore, stably transfected HEK293 cells exhibited highly efficient production of progeny virus. Importantly, deletion of the clustered viral miRNA genes compromised the ability to produce progeny viruses. These results indicate that cancer-derived LMP1 and viral miRNAs together are necessary for efficient production of progeny virus, and that the resulting increase in efficiency contributes to EBV-mediated epithelial carcinogenesis.
Well-Wrapped Li-Rich Layered Cathodes by Reduced Graphene Oxide towards High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Di , Wang Fengying , Wang Gang , Lv Congjie , Wang Zeyu , Duan Xiaochuan , Li Xin
Published: April 2019

Layered lithium-rich manganese oxide (LLO) cathode materials have attracted much attention for the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries. However, they have suffered seriously from disadvantages, such as large irreversible capacity loss during the first cycle, discharge capacity decaying, and poor rate performance. Here, a novel method was developed to coat the surface of 0.4Li2MnO3∙0.6LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material with reduced graphene-oxide (rGO) in order to address these drawbacks, where a surfactant was used to facilitate the well-wrapping of rGO. As a result, the modified LLO (LLO@rGO) cathode exhibits superior electrochemical performance including cycling stability and rate capability compared to the pristine LLO cathode. In particular, the LLO@rGO with a 0.5% rGO content can deliver a high discharge capacity of 166.3 mAh g−1 at a 5C rate. The novel strategy developed here can provide a vital approach to inhibit the undesired side reactions and structural deterioration of Li-rich cathode materials, and should be greatly useful for other cathode materials to improve their electrochemical performance.
Different adaptive NO-dependent Mechanisms in Normal and Hypertensive Conditions
Authors: Kosutova Michaela , Pechanova Olga , Barta Andrej , Franova Sona , Cebova Martina
Published: April 2019

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. We aimed to investigate the effect of NO deficiency on selective biochemical parameters within discreet myocardial zones after experimentally induced MI. To induce MI, the left descending coronary artery was ligated in two groups of 16-week-old WKY rats. In one group, NO production was inhibited by L-NAME (20 mg/kg/day) administration four weeks prior to ligation. Sham operations were performed on both groups as a control. Seven days after MI, we evaluated levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, eNOS, iNOS, NFҡB/p65 and Nrf2 in ischemic, injured and non-ischemic zones of the heart. Levels of circulating TNF-α and IL-6 were evaluated in the plasma. MI led to increased NOS activity in all investigated zones of myocardium as well as circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-6. L-NAME treatment decreased NOS activity in the heart of sham operated animals. eNOS expression was increased in the injured zone and this could be a compensatory mechanism that improves the perfusion of the myocardium and cardiac dysfunction. Conversely, iNOS expression increased in the infarcted zone and may contribute to the inflammatory process and irreversible necrotic changes.
Advanced Isoconversional Kinetic Analysis for the Elucidation of Complex Reaction Mechanisms: A New Method for the Identification of Rate-Limiting Steps
Authors: Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas
Published: April 2019

Two complex cure mechanisms were simulated. Isoconversional kinetic analysis was applied to the resulting data. The study highlighted correlations between the reaction rate, activation energy dependency, rate constants for the chemically controlled part of the reaction and the diffusion-controlled part, activation energy and pre-exponential factors of the individual steps and change in rate-limiting steps. It was shown how some parameters computed using Friedman’s method can help to identify change in the rate-limiting steps of the overall polymerization mechanism as measured by thermoanalytical techniques. It was concluded that the assumption of the validity of a single-step equation when restricted to a given α value holds for complex reactions. The method is not limited to chemical reactions, but can be applied to any complex chemical or physical transformation.
Dihydropyrazole Derivatives Containing Benzo Oxygen Heterocycle and Sulfonamide Moieties Selectively and Potently Inhibit COX-2: Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Colon Cancer Activity Evaluation
Authors: Yan Xiao-Qiang , Wang Zhong-Chang , Zhang Bo , Qi Peng-Fei , Li Gui-Gen , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: April 2019

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as a rate-limiting metabolism enzyme of arachidonic acid has been found to be implicated in tumor occurrence, angiogenesis, metastasis as well as apoptosis inhibition, regarded as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. In our research, a series of dihydropyrazole derivatives containing benzo oxygen heterocycle and sulfonamide moieties were designed as highly potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors by computer-aided drug analysis of known COX-2 inhibitors. A total of 26 compounds were synthesized and evaluated COX-2 inhibition and pharmacological efficiency both in vitro and in vivo with multi-angle of view. Among them, compound 4b exhibited most excellent anti-proliferation activities against SW620 cells with IC50 of 0.86 ± 0.02 µM than Celecoxib (IC50 = 1.29 ± 0.04 µM). The results favored our rational design intention and provides compound 4b as an effective COX-2 inhibitor available for the development of colon tumor therapeutics.
Distribution of Polysulfide in Human Biological Fluids and Their Association with Amylase and Sperm Activities
Authors: Ikeda Mayumi , Ishima Yu , Chuang Victor T. G. , Sakai Maki , Osafune Hiroki , Ando Hidenori , Shimizu Taro , Okuhira Keiichiro , Watanabe Hiroshi , Maruyama Toru , Otagiri Masaki , Akaike Takaaki , Ishida Tatsuhiro
Published: April 2019

Intracellular polysulfide could regulate the redox balance via its anti-oxidant activity. However, the existence of polysulfide in biological fluids still remains unknown. Recently, we developed a quantitative analytical method for polysulfide and discovered that polysulfide exists in plasma and responds to oxidative stress. In this study, we confirmed the presence of polysulfide in other biological fluids, such as semen and nasal discharge. The levels of polysulfide in these biological fluids from healthy volunteers (n = 9) with identical characteristics were compared. Additionally, the circadian rhythm of plasma polysulfide was also investigated. The polysulfide levels detected from nasal discharge and seminal fluid were approximately 400 and 600 μM, respectively. No correlation could be found between plasma polysulfide and the polysulfide levels of tear, saliva, and nasal discharge. On the other hand, seminal polysulfide was positively correlated with plasma polysulfide, and almost all polysulfide contained in semen was found in seminal fluid. Intriguingly, saliva and seminal polysulfide strongly correlated with salivary amylase and sperm activities, respectively. These results provide a foundation for scientific breakthroughs in various research areas like infertility and the digestive system process.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Alkynyl Functionalized 1,3,2-Dithioborolanes
Authors: Böser Richard , Denker Lars , Frank René
Published: April 2019

Alkynyl functionalized boron compounds are versatile intermediates in the areas of medicinal chemistry, materials science, and optical materials. In particular, alkynyl boronate esters [R1−C≡C−B(OR2)2] are of interest since they provide reactivity at both the alkyne entity, with retention of the B−C bond or alkyne transfer to electrophilic substrates with scission of the latter. The boron atom is commonly well stabilized due to (i) the extraordinary strength of two B−O bonds, and (ii) the chelate effect exerted by a bifunctional alcohol. We reasoned that the replacement of a B−O for a B−S bond would lead to higher reactivity and post-functionalization in the resulting alkynyl boronate thioesters [R1−C≡C−B(S2X)]. Access to this poorly investigated class of compounds starts form chloro dithioborolane cyclo-Cl−B(S2C2H4) as a representative example. Whereas syntheses of three coordinate alkynyl boronate thioesters [R1−C≡C−B(S2X)] proved to be ineffective, the reactions of NHC-adducts (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) of cyclo-Cl-B(S2C2H4) afforded the alkyne substituted thioboronate esters in good yield. The products NHC−B(S2C2H4)(C≡C-R1) are remarkably stable towards water and air, which suggests their use as boron-based building blocks for applications akin to oxygen-based boronate esters.
Detection of Pirimiphos-Methyl in Wheat Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometric Methods
Authors: Weng Shizhuang , Yu Shuan , Dong Ronglu , Zhao Jinling , Liang Dong
Published: April 2019

Pesticide residue detection is a hot issue in the quality and safety of agricultural grains. A novel method for accurate detection of pirimiphos-methyl residues in wheat was developed using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and chemometric methods. A simple pretreatment method was conducted to extract pirimiphos-methyl residue from wheat samples, and highly effective gold nanorods were prepared for SERS measurement. Raman peaks assignment was calculated using density functional theory. The Raman signal of pirimiphos-methyl can be detected when the concentrations of residue in wheat extraction solution and contaminated wheat is as low as 0.2 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. Quantification of pirimiphos-methyl was performed by applying regression models developed by partial least squares regression, support vector machine regression and random forest with principal component analysis using different preprocessed methods. As for the contaminated wheat samples, the relative deviation between gas chromatography-mass spectrometry value and predicted value is in the range of 0.10%–6.63%, and predicted recovery is 94.12%–106.63%, ranging from 23.93 mg/L to 0.25 mg/L. Results demonstrated that the proposed SERS method is an effective and efficient analytical tool for detecting pirimiphos-methyl in wheat with high accuracy and excellent sensitivity.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Analgesic Activities of Incarvillea compacta Maxim from the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Guo Jiajia , Zhang Dan , Yu Chao , Yao Ling , Chen Zhuo , Tao Yanduo , Cao Weiguo
Published: April 2019

Incarvillea compacta Maxim is a traditional Tibetan plant widely used to treat rheumatic pain and bruises. We conducted qualitative analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantitative analyses of the total phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids content of different extracts of I. compacta Maxim. Antioxidant and analgesic activity were analyzed. The results showed that the methanol extract had the highest content of the various ingredients. A total of 25 constituents were identified, of which compounds 1–23 were found for the first time in this plant. The water extract had the highest capacity to clear free radicals in the antioxidant test. The water extract had dose-dependent analgesic effects in the first and second phase in a formalin test. The latency of pain from a hot-plate test was augmented by the water extract when the dose was greater than or equal to 30 g/kg. The water extract significantly decreased the amount of writhing in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. These results showed that I. compacta Maxim is a new antioxidant and analgesic agent, and this study provides information on its ingredients for further study.
Antimicrobial Nanoparticles Incorporated in Edible Coatings and Films for the Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Xing Yage , Li Wenxiu , Wang Qin , Li Xuanlin , Xu Qinglian , Guo Xunlian , Bi Xiufang , Liu Xiaocui , Shui Yuru , Lin Hongbin , Yang Hua
Published: April 2019

Edible coatings and films (ECF) are employed as matrixes for incorporating antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs), and then they are applied on the fruits and vegetables to prolong shelf life and enhance storage quality. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the preparation, antimicrobial properties and mechanisms, surface and physical qualities of ECF containing antimicrobial NPs, and its efficient application to vegetables and fruits as well. Following an introduction on the properties of the main edible coating materials, the preparation technologies of ECF with NPs are summarized. The antimicrobial activity of ECF with NPs against the tested microorganism was observed by many researchers. This might be mainly due to the electrostatic interaction between the cationic polymer or free metal ions and the charged cell membrane, the photocatalytic reaction of NPs, the detachment of free metal ion, and partly due to the antimicrobial activity of edible materials. Moreover, their physical, mechanical and releasing properties are discussed in detail, which might be influenced by the concentration of NPs. The preservation potential on the quality of fruits and vegetables indicates that various ECF with NPs might be used as the ideal materials for food application. Following the introduction on these characteristics, an attempt is made to predict future trends in this field.
Cell-Free Metabolic Engineering: Recent Developments and Future Prospects
Authors: Lim Hye Jin , Kim Dong-Myung
Published: April 2019

Due to the ongoing crises of fossil fuel depletion, climate change, and environmental pollution, microbial processes are increasingly considered as a potential alternative for cleaner and more efficient production of the diverse chemicals required for modern civilization. However, many issues, including low efficiency of raw material conversion and unintended release of genetically modified microorganisms into the environment, have limited the use of bioprocesses that rely on recombinant microorganisms. Cell-free metabolic engineering is emerging as a new approach that overcomes the limitations of existing cell-based systems. Instead of relying on metabolic processes carried out by living cells, cell-free metabolic engineering harnesses the metabolic activities of cell lysates in vitro. Such approaches offer several potential benefits, including operational simplicity, high conversion yield and productivity, and prevention of environmental release of microorganisms. In this article, we review the recent progress in this field and discuss the prospects of this technique as a next-generation bioconversion platform for the chemical industry.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Drought Indicated by SPEI over Northeastern China
Authors: Ye Lei , Shi Ke , Zhang Hairong , Xin Zhuohang , Hu Jing , Zhang Chi
Published: April 2019

Drought is a natural extreme climate event which occurs in most parts of the world. Northeastern China is one of the major agricultural production areas in China and also a typical vulnerable climate zone. To understand the spatio-temporal characteristics of drought over northeastern China, we first assessed the trends of precipitation and temperature. Drought events were then characterized by Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index over various temporal scales. The Trend Free Prewhitening Mann–Kendall test and distinct empirical orthogonal function, were used to investigate the trends and spatio-temporal patterns of droughts. The results indicate precipitation increasing trends are mostly detected in Heilongjiang and Jinling provinces, however, the majority of the trends are insignificant. Temperature increasing trends are detected over the entire northeastern China and most of them are significant. Decreasing drought trends are observed in Heilongjiang province and some bordering area in Jilin province, whereas increasing trends are noticed in Liaoning province and some bordering area in Jilin province. Two main sub-regions of drought variability—the Liaohe River Plain and the Second Songhua River basin (LS region), and the Songnen Plain and the Lesser Hinggan Mountains (SL region) are identified, and the detected droughts for the two sub-regions correspond well with recorded drought loss. The results will be beneficial for regional water resource management and planning, agriculture production, and ecosystem protection in northeastern China.
A Numerical Study on Travel Time Based Hydraulic Tomography Using the SIRT Algorithm with Cimmino Iteration
Authors: Qiu Pengxiang , Hu Rui , Hu Linwei , Liu Quan , Xing Yixuan , Yang Huichen , Qi Junjie , Ptak Thomas
Published: April 2019

Travel time based hydraulic tomography is a technique for reconstructing the spatial distribution of aquifer hydraulic properties (e.g., hydraulic diffusivity). Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) is a widely used algorithm for travel time related inversions. Due to the drawbacks of SIRT implementation in practice, a modified SIRT with Cimmino iteration (SIRT-Cimmino) is proposed in this study. The incremental correction is adjusted, and an iteration-dependent relaxation parameter is introduced. These two modifications enable an appropriate speed of convergence, and the stability of the inversion process. Furthermore, a new result selection rule is suggested to determine the optimal iteration step and its corresponding result. SIRT-Cimmino and SIRT are implemented and verified by using two numerical aquifer models with different predefined (“true”) diffusivity distributions, where high diffusivity zones are embedded in a homogenous low diffusivity field. Visual comparison of the reconstructions shows that the reconstruction based on SIRT-Cimmino demonstrates the aquifer’s hydraulic features better than the conventional SIRT algorithm. Root mean square errors and correlation coefficients are also used to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the inversion. The reconstructions based on SIRT-Cimmino are found to preserve the connectivity of the high diffusivity zones and to provide a higher structural similarity to the “true” distribution.
América Latina y el Caribe en la Agenda 2030. Hacia una clasificación del desarrollo sostenible compatible con los ODS y el “desarrollo en transición.
Authors: Tezanos Sergio
Published: April 2019

La consideración de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) como una “región de renta media” es ambigua. ALC es una región diversa, con países en las cuatro categorías de renta del Banco Mundial. La peculiaridad de ALC es que varios países se encuentran inmersos en el proceso de “graduación” a la renta alta y esto implica que dejen de recibir Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo (AOD). En este marco, la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y el Centro de Desarrollo de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), proponen sustituir la graduación por la “gradación” a partir de un nuevo concepto de “desarrollo en transición”. Para avanzar en este camino es primordial sustituir la vieja clasificación de rentas per capita por una taxonomía multidimensional del desarrollo que identifique los retos disímiles que afrontan los países, y que contribuya a guiar las políticas de cooperación. En este artículo se presenta una taxonomía alternativa que integra cuatro dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible: desarrollo económico, inclusión social, sostenibilidad medioambiental y buena gobernanza. Mediante el análisis de conglomerados, se identifican tres grupos de países latinoamericanos y caribeños, y se ofrecen orientaciones para guiar las políticas de cooperación.
Factores asociados a embarazo en pacientes sometidas a inseminación intrauterina en el Hospital de las Mujeres Dr. Adolfo Carit Eva, Costa Rica, enero 2009 a diciembre 2015.
Authors: Ortíz Martínez Carolina , Peñaranda Zúñiga Natalia
Published: April 2019

Introducción:  La inseminación intrauterina es un procedimiento de baja complejidad en reproducción asistida que se ha utilizado por más de un siglo como tratamiento en infertilidad y consiste en el depósito de espermatozoides en el útero, previa capacitación, con la finalidad de lograr el embarazo. El objetivo general fue identificar los factores asociados a embarazo en pacientes sometidas a inseminación intrauterina homóloga en el Hospital de las Mujeres Dr. Adolfo Carit Eva. 

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles definiendo como caso aquella paciente con diagnóstico de embarazo clínico luego de ser sometida a inseminación intrauterina y como control a toda paciente que ha sido sometida a tres ciclos de inseminación intrauterina sin lograr un embarazo. Los factores pronósticos evaluados fueron: la edad materna, el índice de masa corporal, el periodo de infertilidad transcurrido, el recuento de espermatozoides móviles y el número de folículos mayor a 16mm previo a la aplicación de hormona gonadotropina coriónica. 

Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas entre los casos y controles en la edad media (p=0,22), la evaluación del índice de masa corporal (p=0,18) y los otros factores evaluados; solo el periodo medio de infertilidad evidenció diferencias estadísticamente significativas, con un tiempo medio de 36,7 meses para el grupo de caso y de 49,7 meses dentro del grupo control (p= 0,01). 

Conclusiones: Dentro de las variables evaluadas, únicamente el periodo transcurrido de infertilidad resultó ser un factor pronóstico para el éxito de la inseminación intrauterina en la población estudiada.
Regulación de la Investigación biomédica: Más que normas, una cultura.
Authors: Bustos Daniel
Published: April 2019

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Comparación de maniobras para reducir el dolor de hombro después de la cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica: un meta-análisis de estudios aleatorizados controlados.
Authors: Rojas Piza Armando , Solís Sáenz David , Trejos Mazariegos Sofía
Published: April 2019

Introducción: se investigó el impacto de diferentes maniobras para reducir el dolor de hombro posterior a la cirugía laparoscopia ginecológica (CLG). Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis, basado en estudios publicados en PUBMED, SCIENCEDIRECT, LILLACS y COCHRANE, entre el 2008-2017, que compararan diferentes maniobras para la prevención del dolor de hombro posterior a la CLG. El meta-análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el programa RevMan 5.1.Resultados: 6 de los 56 artículos analizados cumplieron con los criterios de selección, para un total de 743 pacientes. De los cuales a 302 (40%) se les realizó insuflación pulmonar manual con cambio de posición (IPMCP), a 104 (14%) instilación de suero fisiológico en la cavidad peritoneal (ISFCP), y 337 (46%) fueron tratadas con extracción convencional (EC) que incluía extracción pasiva o presión suave en la pared abdominal con los trocares abiertos. Encontramos que al realizar ISFCP se disminuyó significativamente el dolor de hombro a las 12 horas con una diferencia de medias (DM) de -16,90, (IC 95%: -25,45- -8,34), a las 24h con una DM de -22,71 (IC 95%: -30,62- -14,80) y a las 48h con una DM de -14,42 (IC 95% -20,67- -8,17). Por otro lado, utilizando las IPMCP se disminuyó significativamente el dolor de hombro a las 12h (DM: -16,84; IC 95%:-22,66- -11,01), a las 24h (DM: -11,66; IC 95%:-14,80- -8,51) y a las 48h (DM: -9,25: IC 95%: -11,94- -6,56). Al observar los resultados por subgrupo de las diferentes intervenciones, encontramos que la maniobra de ISFCP tiene mejores resultados que las IPMCP y la EC para la prevención del dolor postoperatorio en la CLG. Conclusión: las maniobras asociadas a la expulsión forzada de CO2, con la IPMCP o la ISFCP, son medidas efectivas para la prevención y disminución del dolor de hombro posterior a laparoscopía ginecológica, en comparación con la EC del CO2. Las medidas preventivas deberían incorporarse de rutina a los procedimientos laparoscópicos ginecológicos, siempre y cuando los pacientes sean clínicamente aptos para dichos procedimientos.
Födosök hos skrattmås Chroicocephalus ridibundus under häckningstid
Authors: Karlsson Thomas
Published: April 2019

During the 1990s, I compared the feeding habitat use during the breeding time of two Black-headed Gull colonies in south-western Sweden, a small urban colony (<100 pairs; Skövde city) and a large rural colony (>2000 pairs; Hornborgasjön), 20 km apart. Randomly selected roads were patrolled and gulls were counted and allocated to the observed feeding habitat (within 7.5 km of the small and within 15 km of the large colony). Refuse dumps were used by both colonies, but studied only for the rural colony with up to 30% of the birds counted at the dump. In spite of this apparent importance, the dump was not critical as closure of it did not affect colony size. With the dumps excluded, the birds from the urban colony used predominantly lawns (c. 70%) and those from rural colony bare soil (43%), newly sawn fields (20%) and pasture (14%). When feeding young the gulls collected food at a larger distance than during incubation: 2.7 vs. 1.6 km for the urban and 9.9 vs. 8.4 km for the rural colony.
In the Grashopper Warbler Locustella naevia, males with better nutritional condition at the winter ground arrive earlier than other males at the breeding ground
Authors: Engzell Jonas
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to answer the question: Does grasshopper warbler Locustella naevia males with better physical condition in the winter quarter arrive earlier at the breeding ground than other males. This was accomplished by measuring growth bars in tail feathers and then correlate these measurements with different times of arrival at the study area of Björka lertag. The results strongly indicate that early arriving males had better physical ﬁtness (nutritional condition) than later arriving males, at least when their feathers were growing on the wintering grounds in Africa.
Lifetime reproductive success of Greylag Geese Anser anser breeding in south Sweden
Authors: Nilsson Leif , Kampe-Persson Hakon
Published: April 2019

During 1984–2009, 664 adults and 1,944 goslings of Greylag Geese Anser anser were neck-banded in south-west Scania, Sweden. After hatching the area was carefully searched for marked geese, giving more than 100,000 re-sightings. Of those marked as goslings 71% survived the first year, 52% the second year, and the oldest bird recorded was 25 years. About 50% of the survivors were recruited into the breeding population when two to three years old. Of 1,187 geese that survived for at least two years, 25% produced at least one brood of small young, and 18% at least one fledged young. The maximum life-time number of broods with fledged young was nine, but 50% of the geese known to have bred successfully produced only one brood of fledged young. Ten percent of the geese seen with small goslings produced 47% of all fledged young. The maximum number of fledged young for a goose of known age was 32 (age 15 years), but two geese marked as adults and followed for 16 and 17 years produced 40 fledglings each.
Den andra kända observationen av polygyni hos ortolansparv Emberiza hortulana
Authors: Persson Magnus , Sondell Jan
Published: April 2019

During field work on foraging of the Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana in a small and isolated population at Kvismaren in the county of Örebro in south Sweden, two females, nesting 1,250 m apart were observed to be mate-guarded by the same colour-ringed male. Although the male commuted between the nests, none of the females seemed to obtain any substantial help from him when feeding the young. Polygyni has been reported only once before in this species, namely seventy-five years ago, also in a small population in Sweden, when a male behaved in a similar manner to that that we observed at Kvismaren.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KATOLIK TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN IMAN DAN PERUBAHAN PERILAKU SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA KATOLIK DI KOTA MADIUN
Authors: Melyawanto Dicky , Wilhelmus Ola Rongan
Published: April 2019

The task of organizing education is primarily the responsibility of parents and assisted by the community as long as it is needed. The task of organizing education is also the responsibility of the Church. The Church takes part in the world of education, among others, through Catholic religious education in Catholic schools. The learning process of Catholic Religious Education is intended to improve the faith of Catholic youth. The research was conducted by using qualitative research method. Qualitative research method is a form of research designed to examine attitudes, views, feelings, and behavior of individuals or groups of people or social issues being investigated. This study aims to analyze the extent to which Catholic Religious Education affects the development of faith and behavioral change of the Catholic Junior High School students in Madiun. The results of the research indicated that 7 (58%) of respondents stated that junior high school students were students between 13-15 years old. There were 12 (100%) respondents said that Catholic Religious Education taught in the School was able to help the junior high school students to have more knowledge about Jesus and his preaching. As many as 6 (50%) of respondents stated that Catholic Religious Education is very helpful to get know more about themselves personally. There were 8 (67%) of respondents stated that the teaching of Catholic Religion made their faith progressively improved. Broadly speaking, all respondents experienced that Catholic Religious teaching has made their Catholic faith being developed so far. It made the respondents more diligent and actively involved in throughout Catholic Church activities and any social affairs.
PENGARUH KEBIASAAN DOA BERSAMA DALAM KELUARGA KRISTIANI BAGI PERKEMBANGAN IMAN ANAK
Authors: Lusia Mrs , Supriyadi Agustinus
Published: April 2019

The family has a great responsibility and role in the child's faith education. Children's faith education can be done through a family’s together prayer habit. One of the ways commonly used as a habit for Christian families in educating and nurturing children's faith is to instill the habit of praying in the family. Does the Christian family have a good understanding habit of the praying together in the Christian Family? Does the family have an awareness of the faith education for the development of the child’s faith? Do they understand the effect of praying together in their family for the development of the child’s faith? Based on these issues the research in this paper attempts to analyze how far the influence of family prayer for the development of the child’s faith.This study uses a qualitative method. The respondents of this study are Christian families who have children in the age range 0 to 12 years, and who live in the IV region of St. Cornelius Madiun Parish. The number of respondents in this study were 8 families. Based on the results of the study, all respondents or 8 respondents (100%) realized that the together praying in the family has a great influence on the development of the child's faith. There were 7 respondents (58,33%) emphasize that habit of the praying together in the Christian family can give spiritual provisions for the children, besides 5 respondents (62.5%) who said that habit of the praying in the Christian family is a means to educate children and 4 respondent (36,36%) expressed the habit of praying together in the family can fostering attention in the family.
Hegemony - Counter Hegemony: A Gramscian Analysis of Israeli Settlement Activity
Authors: ERSOY Tuğçe
Published: April 2019

The settlements, today a fact on the ground, had certain effects both on
the Palestinian life and on the peace process and they have become obstacles to
two-state solution as the irreversible entities. This article is an attempt to analyse
the settlement activity in the occupied territories via the Gramscian concept
of hegemony.  In the first hand, the
study would apply the concept of hegemony to the Israeli settlement policy via
demonstrating the changing political climate within the country and the ideological
attitudes towards the occupied territories. By doing so, the study would seek
to reveal how Israel’s settlement activity has become hegemonic and
additionally, it would examine whether Israeli policies vis-à-vis the
Palestinians in the occupied territories that culminated with the First
Intifada in 1987 have created a counter-hegemonic alternative in a Gramscian
sense.
Filistin’de Kalkınmanın Ekonomi Politiği: Parçalanmış Siyasal, Sosyal ve Ekonomik Kurumlar
Authors: SAYGIN Emre
Published: April 2019

Filistin, küresel güç mücadelesinin merkezinde
yer alan Ortadoğu bölgesinin jeo-politik, jeo-ekonomik ve jeo-kültürel önemi
haiz bir noktasında bulunan, kadim bir topluluğun yurdudur. Osmanlı
İmparatorluğu döneminde nispeten müreffeh bir yaşam sürülen Filistin
toprakları, imparatorlukların dağıldığı 20 nci yüzyılın başından günümüze
değin, İsrail tarafından politik, askeri ve ekonomik şiddete maruz
bırakılmaktadır. İsrail’in her geçen gün düzeyini arttırdığı çok yönlü baskı ve
abluka politikası, Filistin ülkesinin bölünmesine ve kurumsal devlet
yapılanmasının teşekkül ettirilememesine neden olduğu gibi, günümüzde esasen
Filistin toplumunun asgari hayat koşullarının dahi sürdürülebilirliğini tehdit
eder bir vaziyet almıştır. Toprak bütünlüğü bulunmayan sui generis bir ülke örneği
olarak Filistin’de, parçalanmış siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik kurumların ne
şekilde yeniden inşa edilerek bütünsel bir kalkınma hamlesine (ekonomik
intifada) tahvil edilebileceğinin anlaşılabilmesi maksadıyla kurumsal yapının
mevcut durumunun tespit edilmesi bu çalışmanın ana hedefidir.
Osmanlı Kudüs'ünde Katolik-Yahudi Münasebetlerine Bir Bakış (XVI. Yüzyıl)
Authors: OKSUZ Mustafa
Published: April 2019

On beşinci yüzyılda Katolik İspanya ve Portekiz’in
radikal tutumları yüzünden bazı Yahudiler yaşadıkları ülkeleri terk ederek Osmanlı
Devleti’ne iltica etmiştir. Tahrir verileri, Osmanlı’ya gelen mülteci Musevilerin
bir kısmının Safed başta olmak üzere bölgeye gelip yerleştiğini göstermektedir.
Bu makalede on altıncı asrın Osmanlı Kudüs’ünde Katolik-Yahudi münasebetleri
incelenecektir. Mahkeme kayıtlarının ışığı altında ilişkilerin nasıl teşekkül
ettiği muhtelif veçheleriyle ele alınacaktır.
İngiliz Kraliyet Raporlarında Filistin'e Yahudi Göçleri (1930-1936)
Authors: BAŞLAMIŞLI Macide
Published: April 2019

Göçlerin bir Anglo-Yahudi planı olduğunu
iddia eden Araplar haklı olarak sert tepkiler göstermeye başladılar. Ancak Arap
toplumu kendi içindeki ayrışmalar ve Yahudi lobisinin Londra’daki gücü yüzünden
haklarını yeteri kadar savunamadı. İngilizler tarafsız bir idare
uyguladıklarını iddia etseler de ekonomik açıdan oldukça zengin ve girişimci
olarak nitelendirdikleri Yahudi toplumunun baskılarına boyun eğdiler. Filistin’in
işgalinden İsrail Devleti’nin kuruluşuna giden süreçte Filistinli Araplar büyük
haksızlıklara uğradı. Araplar geç de olsa 1933’ten itibaren siyasi ve hukuki alanlarda
mücadelelere başladılarsa da bir sonuç elde edemediler.  

            “Aliyah” olarak bilinen
bu Yahudi göçleri, Filistin’de yüzyıllar boyunca Türk idaresinde barış içinde
yaşamış toplumları günümüze kadar gelmiş olan bir çatışma ortamına
sürüklemiştir. 1930 sonrası Avrupa’daki siyasi gelişmeler, söz konusu Yahudi
göçlerini büyük bir hızla arttırdı. Göçlerle birlikte Filistin’e büyük bir
sermaye de gelmiş oldu. Tarım, endüstri ve eğitim alanlarında hızla gelişen
Yahudiler ve Araplar arasında siyasi ve ekonomik açıdan büyük uçurumlar
oluşmaya başladı. Başta Tel Aviv olmak üzere birçok kasaba hızla şehirleşmeye
başladı. Yahudiler sadece endüstride değil tarım alanında da güçlendiler.
Arapların elindeki tarım arazilerinin çoğu Yahudilerin eline geçti.

1917’de Birinci Dünya Savaşı devam ederken, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu birden
çok cephede aynı anda savaşırken, başta Kudüs olmak üzere, Müslümanların kutsal
saydığı Orta Doğu toprakları İngilizler tarafından işgal edildi. Söz konusu
coğrafyada, işgalci İngilizlerle işbirliği yapan Arapların isyanları sonucu,
Türk idaresi sona ermiş oldu. Filistin, sadece Müslümanların değil,
Hristiyanların ve Yahudilerin de kutsal saydığı kültürel ve stratejik açıdan
önemli bir bölgeydi. Yahudiler, İngiliz siyasetindeki etkin konumları sayesinde
19. yy.’ın başlarından itibaren Filistin’de bir Yahudi yurdu hayalleri kurmaya
başlamışlardı. Elbette Türk idaresi altında böyle bir şey söz konusu olamazdı. Filistin’deki
İngiliz işgali, onlara uzun zamandır bekledikleri “Ulusal Yahudi Yurdu” fırsatını
verdi. Böylece Filistin’e İngiliz Askeri ve Manda İdaresi himayesinde Türk
idaresi altındayken izin verilmemiş olan Yahudi göçleri yasal bir hale gelmiş
oldu.
Air transport of dangerous goods
Authors: Nicopulos Maria
Published: April 2019

The article describes the system of creating legal regulations concerning the rules and conditions relating to the carriage of dangerous goods in various fields of transport: by air, sea, land (road, rail, inland waterways). The first and the second parts show the development system of the regulations. The third part is dedicated to the general principles of air transport of hazardous materials in accordance with the IATA DGR e.g.: classification, training, packaging, labeling, documentation and other duties of the participants. The fourth part describes the differences in the requirements in the field of multimodal transport of dangerous goods.
Labelling tank containers - a combination of letters and numbers
or media relevant to the transport of dangerous goods information
because "T6" does not always mean "instruction T6"
Authors: Hapek Robert
Published: April 2019

This presentation is dedicated to the identification marking containers. Although her part refers to containers in general, the main emphasis is on marking tank-containers, including the carriage of dangerous goods. The presentation was discussed not only the system of coding - BIC CODE but also deciphered was the marking on the integrated plate (or individual plates). Discussed were also selected labeling elements operating in the ones that seem to look and sound quite mysterious. A large part of the presentation is devoted about a coding size and type of containers. In detail was discussed system complies with ISO 6346, taking into account changes, including the new one. On the end presentation we showed the differences on the labeling of the various modes of transport.
Animal-train collisions are increasingly serious challenge for modern railways
Authors: Stolarski Marek , Żyłkowska Joanna , Bartoszek - Majewska Dorota
Published: April 2019

The problem of wildlife collisions with trains appeared with the invention of the railway. This phenomenon increases with the development of new technologies and ongoing modernization of railway lines, leading to an increase in both speed and train traffic volume. Changes in the construction of rail vehicles and the introduction of new, lightweight rolling stock, sensitive to mechanical shocks, increase costs in the case when it comes to a collision. In the article we present sample data on the scale of the phenomenon. One of the major carriers in Poland –Przewozy Regionalne Ltd. (Regional Railways) – in one year registered 268 cases of animal-train collisions. In turn, the PKP Intercity SA in year 2015 as a result of such collisions incurred repair costs amounting to half a million PLN, while Koleje Wielkopolskie Ltd. (Wielkopolska Railways) in the same year incurred costs associated with collisions of nearly 300,000 PLN. The data obtained from the carriers show, therefore, that in Poland there happen at least a few hundred collisions with large animals per year, and the associated repair costs are slightly counting hundreds of thousands of PLN. Through an analysis of places of collisions it is possible to determine the “black spots”, where it is advisable to introduce preventive measures.
Discrete-continuous computational model
of the coupled dynamic system: pantograph – overhead contact line
Authors: Bryja Danuta , Prokopowicz Dawid
Published: April 2019

The paper presents the computational model of the pantograph – overhead contact line (OCL), which uses the theory of cable vibrations and Lagrange – Ritz approximation method to derive equations of motion of the overhead contact line subjected to moving pantographs. The pantograph is modelled as a dynamic system of two degrees of freedom describing the motion of two masses replacing a collector head and an articulating frame. The overhead contact line is defined as a catenary system with continuously distributed mass. It consists of a multi-span cable characterized by a curvilinear route (catenary wire) and a straight cable (contact wire) connected with a catenary wire by elastic droppers. The main objective of the paper is to present principal ideas of the computational model, with a particular emphasis on formulating the equation of motion of a pre-tensioned multi-span cable with non-negligible static sag. Much attention is paid to the description of dynamic interaction between the pantograph and overhead contact line. The model allows computer simulation of catenary vibrations induced by two pantographs passing over the contact line, as well as a simulation of dynamic increments of the contact force.
Analytical design method of reverse curves
Authors: Koc Władysław
Published: April 2019

The paper deals with a new approach relating to the design of the region of railway track direction alteration adapted to Mobile Satellite Measurements technique. The method may be particularly useful in situations when both the straights of the route directions cannot be connected in an elementary way using a circular arc with transition curves; this also refers to the application of a compound curve. Thus the only solution becomes the application of two circular arcs of opposite curvature signs to the geometric system, i.e. the use of an inverse curve. The solution of the design problem takes advantage of a mathematical notation and concentrates on the determination of universal equations describing the entire geometric system. This is a sequential operation involving successive parts of the system. The presented method has been illustrated by appropriate calculation examples.
Intermodal transport in Wielkopolska in the view of the stakeholders’ survey
Authors: Beim Michał , Zajder Robert , Mazur Bartosz , Soczówka Andrzej
Published: April 2019

The paper attempts to characterize an intermodal transport in Wielkopolska, in particular in the context of market conditions for its development. The studies were conducted by an interview with open questions. The aim was to examine the possibility of development of intermodal transport by survey with stakeholders and customers. The study allowed us to identify certain regularity in terms of transport service operators expected by stakeholders. The most important are factors associated with long-term cooperation with reliable transport companies. The expansion of road system diminishes the competitive position of intermodal transport. Among the respondents dominates the desire to maintain the status quo rather passive attitude in shaping the model of transport. Only entities implementing the strategy of corporate social responsibility, where sustainability is incorporated into their objectives have contrary attitude. The development of this idea is a factor in a potential increase in the importance of intermodal transport.
Transformation of transport law in the quarter century, 1990 – 2015
Authors: Świątecki Piotr
Published: April 2019

The author describes how Polish transportation law has been changing over past 25 years, during polish transformation after 1989. The author himself took part in the activities he writes about. He described transformations of ownership structure of enterprises that 25 years ago belonged to the Public Treasury.
Conditions of road administrator’s liability for the damages caused by the bad condition of roads
Authors: Barszowski Sebastian
Published: April 2019

Claims of Road users against Road administrators are becoming more and more common. Both pedestrians and drivers expects that road administrator remove danger from the road. But It is not always possible, and sometimes accident may happens. Than important clue is to distinguish, who is responsible for that situation. This article analyzes the conditions of liability road administrator according to specific situations, where road administrators were sued by victims. In contrast to previous academic achievements this article shows activities whose execution or not may result recognition of liability by the court. This publication indicates situations in which the liability the road administrator for the damage caused by the bad conditions of the. The risks that road administrator should in particular oppose are also distinguished. Either explained what the duty of care when performing activities related to maintaining good condition of the road.
The dependence of the state density of subgrade on the state of its deformability
Authors: Pawłowski Michał , Siewczyński Łucjan
Published: April 2019

The paper discusses the method of performing and elaboration of measurement of subgrade deformability. It was shown the required values of deformation modules of as well as density and deformation indexes. The analysis of stress and deformation of laminar subgrade has been made in order to determine the depth of interaction zone on a test plate in the subgrade. Presented conclusions regard to the applicability of normative dependencies on the value of deformation and density index.