bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIII.—The Petrology of the Layered Basic Rocks of the Carlingford Complex, Co. Louth
Authors: Le Bas M. J.
Published: June 2019

Synopsis

The principal basic components of the Tertiary Carlingford complex are believed to have formed through the differentiation of magma of a high-alumina basaltic type. These rocks, which were once thought to be in the form of a ring-dyke, are shown to occur as a floored and multi-layered intrusion. Four major layers have been recognized. Within each, differentiation through crystal fractions settling under the influence of gravity is believed to have been the chief factor producing chemical variation. The effect of this process is seen in the compositional and modal variations of the gabbroic rocks and their constituent minerals. The variations from bottom to top of each layer correspond to a decreasing temperature of crystallization with height. At the bottoms are gabbros enriched in olivine. At the tops, the gabbros are rich in plagioclase. Throughout the layers, the plagioclases are transitional between the high and low (temperature) structural states. The resemblance of these rocks to other layered intrusions (e.g. Rhum, Bushveld, etc.) is taken as proof of the magmatic origin of the Carlingford layered basic rocks.

The base of the lowest layer is in contact with Silurian sediments and Tertiary basalts. The sediments have been intensely metasomatized with reciprocal contamination of the gabbro immediately above. Greater extremes of metasomatism and mobilization are seen in the sedimentary xenoliths which occur within the gabbros. At the base of the topmost layer of gabbro, a horizontal screen of highly metasomatized Silurian sediments separates that gabbro from the one below.
IX.—Stamnostoma huttonense gen. et sp. nov.—a Pteridosperm seed and cupule from the Calciferous Sandstone Series of Berwickshire
Authors: Long Albert G.
Published: June 2019

Synopsis

Stamnostoma huttonense is a petrified seed assigned to the Lagenostomales. The open upper part of its integument shows no lobes or chambers. The short wide salpinx is inserted within a relatively wide “micropyle” and is partly invaginated into the top of the lagenostome which usually contains pollen. The female gametophyte is known, it has a domed “tent-pole” and three archegonia.

The paired cupules had sixteen or more terminal segments. Abscission scars indicate that four seeds were borne in each cupule though some were abortive. The cupules if preserved as compressions would resemble the genus Calathiops Göpp.
XVII.—Contributions to the Knowledge of Zosterophyllum myretonianum Penhallow from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Angus
Authors: Lele K. M. , Walton J.
Published: June 2019

Synopsis

Well-preserved compression material of Zosterophyllum myretonianum Penhallow from the Lower Old Eed Sandstone in Angus has yielded additional information about the structure of this plant, one of the earliest known types of vascular land plants. It is the earliest plant in which the structure of the epidermal cuticle, stomata and complete tracheids has been clearly demonstrated. The basal regions of the plant are found to consist of branching axes some with arrested or dormant side branches. Simple dichotomy into two equal and similarly orientated branches is rare. H-type branching and some modifications of it are of frequent occurrence in the basal region of the plant. Parts of this region of the plant have no stomata although a cuticle was present. The upright fertile axes rarely branched.
Two‐Dimensional Thermal Modeling of the Philippine Sea Plate Subduction in Central Japan: Implications for Gap of Low‐Frequency Earthquakes and Tectonic Tremors
Authors: Suenaga Nobuaki , Yoshioka Shoichi , Matsumoto Takumi , Manea Vlad C. , Manea Marina , Ji Yingfeng
Published: June 2019

We performed 2‐D high‐resolution thermomechanical numerical simulations associated with subduction of the Philippine Sea (PHS) plate in central Japan, where a well‐defined gap of low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) and tectonic tremors (TTs) is observed. We investigate the complex relationships among megathrust earthquakes, LFEs, TTs, and interplate temperature distributions and dehydrations caused by phase transformations of hydrous mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) of the oceanic crust and ultramafic rock of the slab mantle. Our models predict a temperature range of 480–600 °C corresponding to both active LFEs and TTs regions and their gap region located on the upper surface of the PHS plate. A moderate amount of fluids (<0.8 wt%) is released due to phase transformations of the hydrous MORB near the thermally estimated seismogenic zone on the upper surface of the PHS plate. Hydrous MORB was found to transform from greenschist to epidote amphibole, releasing a small amount of fluids (>0.3 wt%) near the belt‐like form regions of LFEs and TTs. We found that the total amount of dehydrated water near the active region of LFEs and TTs is larger than that near the gap of LFEs and TTs. Our modeling results show that this difference stems from the presence of the phase transformation from epidote amphibole to eclogite in the former, and it may play a significant role for the occurrence of LFEs and TTs. The difference in the amount of released fluid between the active and gap regions of LFEs and TTs may be related to their generation mechanism.
Subsurface Characterization of the Pennsylvanian Clare Basin, Western Ireland, by Means of Joint Interpretation of Electromagnetic Geophysical Data and Well‐Log Data
Authors: Campanyà Joan , Ogaya Xènia , Jones Alan G. , Rath Volker , McConnell Brian , Haughton Peter D.W. , Ledo Juanjo , Hogg Colin , Blake Sarah , Licciardi Andrea
Published: June 2019

The integration of passive electromagnetic geophysical data and well‐log data for basin characterization and interpretation has been investigated in the Clare Basin, western Ireland. The Clare Basin is overmature and has a clear contrast in electrical resistivity between the Clare Shale Formation, a widespread organic rich shale unit, and the surrounding stratigraphy. The electrical resistivity distribution beneath the Clare Basin was determined by means of three‐dimensional (3‐D) joint inversion of three distinct and differently sensitive electromagnetic parameters: (1) the MT impedance tensor (Z), (2) the geomagnetic transfer function (T), and (3) the interstation horizontal magnetic transfer function (H). Well‐log data from a local exploration well, Doonbeg‐1, were analyzed by means of multivariate statistical methods identifying three groups with distinct resistivity values. The groups were propagated along the basin using the 3‐D electrical resistivity model, showing those regions in the basin with significant organic content at high maturity stage. The lack of continuity of these regions supports the hypothesis of advective fluid heating as the cause of the high maturity levels. The results also help to define the geometry of the basin at depth and have identified an area within the basin, near the Loop Head, where organic‐rich clay/shale is either poorly developed, and/or the organic matter is less mature and less conductive. Finally, the potential of the basin for both CO2 storage and geothermal energy was considered, supporting the use of the Clare Basin as a potential site for geothermal energy but not for the storage of CO2.
A Cellular Automata Fast Flood Evaluation (CA‐ffé) Model
Authors: Jamali Behzad , Bach Peter M. , Cunningham Luke , Deletic Ana
Published: June 2019

The simulation speed of two‐dimensional hydrodynamic flood models is a limiting factor when catchments are large, a considerable number of simulations is required (e.g., exploratory modeling, Monte‐Carlo flood simulations, or predicting probabilistic flood maps), or when there is a need for real‐time flood emergency management. Rapid Flood Models (RFMs) that rely only on topographic depressions and the water balance equation have been successfully implemented to predict maximum urban flood inundation depths within seconds to a few minutes. However, the preprocessing step (identification of depressions and their attributes) and the postprocessing step (marking up possible flow paths of flood water in between flooded depressions) of RFMs is time consuming. In this study, we developed a new fast flood inundation model based on the cellular automata (CA) approach. The new model does not require the preprocessing and postprocessing steps of RFMs and therefore can provide more simulation speed. The performance of our new model, referred to as Cellular Automata fast flood evaluation (CA‐ffé), was compared to two well‐known hydrodynamic flood models (HEC‐RAS and TUFLOW) in 20 simulation experiments conducted in five different urban subcatchments. CA‐ffé predicted maximum inundation depth with reasonable accuracy in a matter of seconds to a few minutes for a single rainfall event simulation. The CA‐ffé model performed exceptionally well in areas with low‐lying depressions. However, in areas where floodwaters had higher momentum and velocity, the model usually was not able to estimate inundation depths calculated by HEC‐RAS or TUFLOW. CA‐ffé's key drawback is also its inability to represent the temporal evolution of flooding and flow velocities. Nevertheless, its ability to provide spatial flood extents and depths in a fraction of the time compared to its hydrodynamic counterparts is a significant advancement toward exploratory approaches for water systems planning, model‐based predictive control, and real‐time flood management.
Quantifying Regional Fresh Submarine Groundwater Discharge With the Lumped Modeling Approach CoCa‐RFSGD
Authors: Hajati Mithra‐Christin , Sutanudjaja Edwin , Moosdorf Nils
Published: June 2019

Fresh Submarine Groundwater Discharge (FSGD) has been increasingly recognized as a fresh water resource and potential path for pollutants to the ocean. Since directly measuring FSGD requires great effort and is currently only feasible at local scale, we developed the regional transient water balance model Coastal Catchment Regional FSGD (CoCa‐RFSGD) to calculate daily FSGD at long stretches of coastlines. The conceptualization of the model takes into account the main processes between soil and aquifer, and, depending on the research question, in situ data, as well as anthropogenic processes, can be added to the water balance. It provides daily FSGD per coastal catchment. Within this model, FSGD is the precipitation surplus of the catchment area minus surface runoff, which highly correlates with the top soil water‐holding capacity and less with soil hydraulic conductivities. The model uses the island of Java, Indonesia, as an example. Java generates a total FSGD of 15.27 km3/a. Extrapolating the identified correlation of top soil water‐holding capacity and precipitation surplus on FSGD to the world highlights Indonesia, Vietnam, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Columbia as potential FSGD hot spots. Using mean global aquifer hydraulic conductivities might underestimate the seasonal variation of FSGD on Java. The model can be applied anywhere in the world to locate regional FSGD hot spots without obtaining in situ data, because it can run solely with global data sets. Hence, it is especially feasible for the locations mentioned. Furthermore, FSGD studies can be supplemented with this model by upscaling point measurements of FSGD to a full year.
Statistical Significance of Precursory Gravity Changes Before the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake
Authors: Wang Lei , Burgmann Roland
Published: June 2019

It is of paramount importance to independently assess the spatiotemporal uniqueness of a proposed regional precursor initiated a few months before the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. The precursor has been inferred from GRACE‐derived gravitational gradient changes and has been interpreted as a large‐scale aseismic movement of the subducting plate along the Japan Trench. We design a hypothesis test, which enables the rigorous assessment of the statistical significance of short‐term gradient anomalies at any time in any place and the quantitative comparison of the resolved anomalies with the proposed precursory signal. We find that the proposed precursory changes are not statistically unique either in time or in space. Therefore, the precursor cannot be attributed to the proposed dynamic acceleration of the subduction process. Instead, such transient features more likely represent temporally correlated GRACE observation errors or signals associated with other processes.
Bay Breeze and Sea Breeze Circulation Impacts on the Planetary Boundary Layer and Air Quality From an Observed and Modeled DISCOVER‐AQ Texas Case Study
Authors: Caicedo V. , Rappenglueck B. , Cuchiara G. , Flynn J. , Ferrare R. , Scarino A. J. , Berkoff T. , Senff C. , Langford A. , Lefer B.
Published: June 2019

The role of the sea/bay breeze in the planetary boundary layer evolution and air quality during a high ozone event day in the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER‐AQ) Texas 2013 campaign was examined. Data from surface air quality monitoring network stations, airborne lidar data, and additional ground‐based lidar instrumentation deployed during the campaign allowed for a unique three‐dimensional spatial and temporal study of the progression of both meteorological and air quality conditions in the Houston‐Galveston regions on 25 September 2013. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry model was used to examine the relationship of the land and bay/sea breeze circulations and its influence on air quality during the case study. Comparisons between observations and simulations revealed the largest discrepancies near the Galveston Bay shore areas where the highly localized ozone concentrations were observed and were linked to the strength and timing of the bay/sea breeze progression. Additionally, results indicate vertical downmixing from the remnants of the nighttime residual layer during morning hours into the convective boundary layer and from the lofted offshore return flow into the subjacent bay breeze flow.
Nanosecond mid-infrared pulse generation via modulated thermal emissivity
Authors: Xiao Yuzhe , Charipar Nicholas A. , Salman Jad , Piqué Alberto , Kats Mikhail A.
Published: June 2019

We demonstrate the generation of nanosecond mid-infrared pulses via fast modulation of thermal emissivity enabled by the absorption of visible pump pulses in unpatterned silicon and gallium arsenide. The free-carrier dynamics in these materials result in nanosecond-scale modulation of thermal emissivity, which leads to nanosecond pulsed thermal emission. To our knowledge, the nanosecond thermal-emissivity modulation in this work is three orders of magnitude faster than what has been previously demonstrated. We also indirectly observed subnanosecond thermal pulses from hot carriers in semiconductors. The experiments are well described by our multiphysics model. Our method of converting visible pulses into the mid infrared using modulated emissivity obeys different scaling laws and can have significant wavelength tunability compared to approaches based on conventional nonlinearities.
Increased levels of midbrain immune-related transcripts in schizophrenia and in murine offspring after maternal immune activation
Authors: Purves-Tyson Tertia D. , Weber-Stadlbauer Ulrike , Richetto Juliet , Rothmond Debora A , Labouesse Marie A. , Polesel Marcello , Robinson Kate , Shannon Weickert Cynthia , Meyer Urs
Published: June 2019

The pathophysiology of dopamine dysregulation in schizophrenia involves alterations at the ventral midbrain level. Given that inflammatory mediators such as cytokines influence the functional properties of midbrain dopamine neurons, midbrain inflammation may play a role in schizophrenia by contributing to presynaptic dopamine abnormalities. Thus, we quantified inflammatory markers in dopaminergic areas of the midbrain of people with schizophrenia and matched controls. We also measured these markers in midbrain of mice exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy, an established risk factor for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. We found diagnostic increases in SERPINA3, TNFα, IL1β, IL6, and IL6ST transcripts in schizophrenia compared with controls (p < 0.02–0.001). The diagnostic differences in these immune markers were accounted for by a subgroup of schizophrenia cases (~ 45%, 13/28) showing high immune status. Consistent with the human cohort, we identified increased expression of immune markers in the midbrain of adult MIA offspring (SERPINA3, TNFα, and IL1β mRNAs, all p ≤ 0.01), which was driven by a subset of MIA offspring (~ 40%, 13/32) with high immune status. There were no diagnostic (human cohort) or group-wise (mouse cohort) differences in cellular markers indexing the density and/or morphology of microglia or astrocytes, but an increase in the transcription of microglial and astrocytic markers in schizophrenia cases and MIA offspring with high inflammation. These data demonstrate that immune-related changes in schizophrenia extend to dopaminergic areas of the midbrain and exist in the absence of changes in microglial cell number, but with putative evidence of microglial and astrocytic activation in the high immune subgroup. MIA may be one of the contributing factors underlying persistent neuroimmune changes in the midbrain of people with schizophrenia.
Effects of the resistant starch on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in overweight or obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yong , Chen Jing , Song Ying-Han , Zhao Rui , Xia Lin , Chen Yi , Cui Ya-Ping , Rao Zhi-Yong , Zhou Yong , Zhuang Wen , Wu Xiao-Ting
Published: June 2019

Background

The role of resistant starch (RS) in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance or sensitivity, and lipid parameters have been reported in several studies and remained controversial. A pooled analysis which assessed these parameters has not been performed. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to sum up existing evidence about the issue.

Methods

We searched in MEDLINE and PUBMED for studies that were published before November 2018. Meta-analysis of diabetics and nondiabetics trials were performed by use of a random-effects model.

Results

A total of 13 case–control studies that included 428 subjects with body mass index ≥25 were identified. RS supplementation reduced fasting insulin in overall and stratified (diabetics and nondiabetics trials) analysis (SMD = –0.72; 95% CI: –1.13 to –0.31; SMD = –1.26; 95% CI: –1.66 to –0.86 and SMD = –0.64; 95% CI: –1.10 to –0.18, respectively), and reduced fasting glucose in overall and stratified analysis for diabetic trials (SMD = –0.26; 95% CI: –0.5 to –0.02 and SMD = –0.28; 95% CI: –0.54 to –0.01, respectively). RS supplementation increased HOMA-S% (SMD = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.59–1.78) and reduced HOMA-B (SMD =–1.2; 95% CI: –1.64 to –0.77), LDL-c concentration (SMD =–0.35; 95% CI: –0.61 to −0.09), and HbA1c (SMD = –0.43; 95% CI: –0.74 to –0.13) in overall analysis.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis has provided evidence that RS supplementation can improve fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity, especially for diabetic with overweight or obesity. However, owing to potential sophistication, individual difference and composition of intestinal microbiota, this result should be carefully taken into account.
Overexpression of zinc finger protein 384 (ZNF 384), a poor prognostic predictor, promotes cell growth by upregulating the expression of Cyclin D1 in Hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Lifeng , Fan Xiaoxiao , Li Yirun , Chen Mingming , Cui Bin , Chen Guoqiao , Dai Yili , Zhou Daizhan , Hu Xiaotong , Lin Hui
Published: June 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous, multigene-driven malignant tumor. ZNF384 is an overexpressed gene with a high frequency of alteration in HCC, but research on the function of ZNF384 in HCC is lacking. In this study, the expression level of ZNF384 in HCC was analyzed through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. We also generated ZNF384 knockdown and knockout HCC cell lines using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR/Cas9 systems. MTS, colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays; flow cytometry; and a xenograft mouse model were used to evaluate the effects of ZNF384 on cell proliferation. Western blot analysis, a dual luciferase reporter assay and a ChIP assay were performed to explore the potential mechanism. We found that overexpression of ZNF384 in HCC and elevated expression of ZNF384 in HCC tissues was significantly correlated with tumor recurrence (P = 0.0097). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that high expression levels of ZNF384 were correlated with poor overall survival (P = 0.0386). Downregulation of ZNF384 expression suppressed HCC cell proliferation by inhibiting the expression of Cyclin D1. These findings suggest that ZNF384 tends to act as an oncogene in the development of HCC. ZNF384 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells by directly upregulating the expression of Cyclin D1 and might serve as a prognostic predictive factor for HCC patients.
Spatiotemporal coordination of trophoblast and allantoic Rbpj signaling directs normal placental morphogenesis
Authors: Lu Jinhua , Wu Weiwei , Xin Qiliang , Zhou Chan , Wang Jianqi , Ni Zhangli , Liu Dong , Xu Yingchun , Yu Yongqin , Yang Ningjie , Sun Yang , He Bo , Kong Shuangbo , Wang Shumin , Wang Chao , Wang Haibin
Published: June 2019

The placenta, responsible for the nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus, is pivotal for successful pregnancy. It has been shown that Rbpj, the core transcriptional mediator of Notch signaling pathway, is required for normal placentation in mice. However, it remains largely unclear how Rbpj signaling in different placental compartments coordinates with other important regulators to ensure normal placental morphogenesis. In this study, we found that systemic deletion of Rbpj led to abnormal chorioallantoic morphogenesis and defective trophoblast differentiation in the ectoplacental cone (EPC). Employing mouse models with selective deletion of Rbpj in the allantois versus trophoblast, combining tetraploid aggregation assay, we demonstrated that allantois-expressed Rbpj is essential for chorioallantoic attachment and subsequent invagination of allantoic blood vessels into the chorionic ectoderm. Further studies uncovered that allantoic Rbpj regulates chorioallantoic fusion and morphogenesis via targeting Vcam1 in a Notch-dependent manner. Meanwhile, we also revealed that trophoblast-expressed Rbpj in EPC facilitates Mash2’s transcriptional activity, promoting the specification of Tpbpα-positive trophoblasts, which differentiate into trophoblast subtypes responsible for interstitial and endovascular invasion at the later stage of placental development. Collectively, our study further shed light on the molecular network governing placental development and functions, highlighting the necessity of a spatiotemporal coordination of Rbpj signaling for normal placental morphogenesis.
Hydrothermal vents trigger massive phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Ardyna Mathieu , Lacour Léo , Sergi Sara , d’Ovidio Francesco , Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Rembauville Mathieu , Blain Stéphane , Tagliabue Alessandro , Schlitzer Reiner , Jeandel Catherine , Arrigo Kevin Robert , Claustre Hervé
Published: June 2019

Hydrothermal activity is significant in regulating the dynamics of trace elements in the ocean. Biogeochemical models suggest that hydrothermal iron might play an important role in the iron-depleted Southern Ocean by enhancing the biological pump. However, the ability of this mechanism to affect large-scale biogeochemistry and the pathways by which hydrothermal iron reach the surface layer have not been observationally constrained. Here we present the first observational evidence of upwelled hydrothermally influenced deep waters stimulating massive phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean. Captured by profiling floats, two blooms were observed in the vicinity of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, downstream of active hydrothermal vents along the Southwest Indian Ridge. These hotspots of biological activity are supported by mixing of hydrothermally sourced iron stimulated by flow-topography interactions. Such findings reveal the important role of hydrothermal vents on surface biogeochemistry, potentially fueling local hotspot sinks for atmospheric CO2 by enhancing the biological pump.
Scaling growth rates for perovskite oxide virtual substrates on silicon
Authors: Lapano Jason , Brahlek Matthew , Zhang Lei , Roth Joseph , Pogrebnyakov Alexej , Engel-Herbert Roman
Published: June 2019

The availability of native substrates is a cornerstone in the development of microelectronic technologies relying on epitaxial films. If native substrates are not available, virtual substrates - crystalline buffer layers epitaxially grown on a structurally dissimilar substrate - offer a solution. Realizing commercially viable virtual substrates requires the growth of high-quality films at high growth rates for large-scale production. We report the stoichiometric growth of SrTiO3 exceeding 600 nm hr−1. This tenfold increase in growth rate compared to SrTiO3 grown on silicon by conventional methods is enabled by a self-regulated growth window accessible in hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. Overcoming the materials integration challenge for complex oxides on silicon using virtual substrates opens a path to develop new electronic devices in the More than Moore era and silicon integrated quantum computation hardware.
Kidney cytosine methylation changes improve renal function decline estimation in patients with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Gluck Caroline , Qiu Chengxiang , Han Sang Youb , Palmer Matthew , Park Jihwan , Ko Yi-An , Guan Yuting , Sheng Xin , Hanson Robert L. , Huang Jing , Chen Yong , Park Ae Seo Deok , Izquierdo Maria Concepcion , Mantzaris Ioannis , Verma Amit , Pullman James , Li Hongzhe , Susztak Katalin
Published: June 2019

Epigenetic changes might provide the biological explanation for the long-lasting impact of metabolic alterations of diabetic kidney disease development. Here we examined cytosine methylation of human kidney tubules using Illumina Infinium 450 K arrays from 91 subjects with and without diabetes and varying degrees of kidney disease using a cross-sectional design. We identify cytosine methylation changes associated with kidney structural damage and build a model for kidney function decline. We find that the methylation levels of 65 probes are associated with the degree of kidney fibrosis at genome wide significance. In total 471 probes improve the model for kidney function decline. Methylation probes associated with kidney damage and functional decline enrich on kidney regulatory regions and associate with gene expression changes, including epidermal growth factor (EGF). Altogether, our work shows that kidney methylation differences can be detected in patients with diabetic kidney disease and improve kidney function decline models indicating that they are potentially functionally important.
Phase transition in the cuprates from a magnetic-field-free stiffness meter viewpoint
Authors: Kapon Itzik , Salman Zaher , Mangel Itay , Prokscha Thomas , Gavish Nir , Keren Amit
Published: June 2019

A method to measure the superconducting (SC) stiffness tensor $$\bar \rho _{\mathrm{s}}$$

ρ

¯

s

, without subjecting the sample to external magnetic field, is applied to La1.875Sr0.125CuO4. The method is based on the London equation $${\mathbf{J}} = - {\bar{\mathbf{\rho }}}_{\mathrm{s}}{\mathbf{A}}$$
J
=
-

ρ

¯

s

A
, where J is the current density and A is the vector potential which is applied in the SC state. Using rotor free A and measuring J via the magnetic moment of superconducting rings, $$\bar \rho _{\mathrm{s}}$$

ρ

¯

s

at T → Tc is extracted. The technique is sensitive to very small stiffnesses (penetration depths on the order of a few millimeters). The method is applied to two different rings: one with the current running only in the CuO2 planes, and another where the current must cross planes. We find different transition temperatures for the two rings, namely, there is a temperature range with two-dimensional stiffness. Additional low energy muon spin rotation measurements on the same sample determine the stiffness anisotropy at T < Tc.
Fundamental limits to quantum channel discrimination
Authors: Pirandola Stefano , Laurenza Riccardo , Lupo Cosmo , Pereira Jason L.
Published: June 2019

What is the ultimate performance for discriminating two arbitrary quantum channels acting on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space? Here we address this basic question by deriving a general and fundamental lower bound. More precisely, we investigate the symmetric discrimination of two arbitrary qudit channels by means of the most general protocols based on adaptive (feedback-assisted) quantum operations. In this general scenario, we first show how port-based teleportation can be used to simplify these adaptive protocols into a much simpler non-adaptive form, designing a new type of teleportation stretching. Then, we prove that the minimum error probability affecting the channel discrimination cannot beat a bound determined by the Choi matrices of the channels, establishing a general, yet computable formula for quantum hypothesis testing. As a consequence of this bound, we derive ultimate limits and no-go theorems for adaptive quantum illumination and single-photon quantum optical resolution. Finally, we show how the methodology can also be applied to other tasks, such as quantum metrology, quantum communication and secret key generation.
Author Correction: Structural and functional differences in gut microbiome composition in patients undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Stadlbauer Vanessa , Horvath Angela , Ribitsch Werner , Schmerböck Bianca , Schilcher Gernot , Lemesch Sandra , Stiegler Philipp , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Fickert Peter , Leber Bettina
Published: June 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Comparative transcriptome profiling of multi-ovary wheat under heterogeneous cytoplasm suppression
Authors: Guo Jialin , Zhang Gaisheng , Song Yulong , Ma Shoucai , Niu Na , Wang Junwei
Published: June 2019

DUOII is a multi-ovary wheat line with two or three pistils and three stamens in each floret. The multi-ovary trait of DUOII is controlled by a dominant gene, whose expression can be suppressed by the heterogeneous cytoplasm of TeZhiI (TZI), a line with the nucleus of common wheat and the cytoplasm of Aegilops. DUOII (♀) × TZI (♂) shows multi-ovary trait, while TZI (♀) × DUOII (♂) shows mono-ovary. Observing the developmental process, we found that the critical stage of additional pistil primordium development was when the young spikes were 2–6 mm long. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the heterogeneous cytoplasmic suppression of the multi-ovary gene, we RNA-sequenced the entire transcriptome of 2–6 mm long young spikes obtained from the reciprocal crosses between DUOII and TZI. A total of 600 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified. Functional annotation of these DEGs showed that the heterogeneous cytoplasmic suppression of additional pistil development mainly involved four pathways, i.e., chloroplast metabolism, DNA replication and repair, hormone signal transduction, and trehalose-6-phosphate in the primordium development stage, which cooperated to modulate the multi-ovary gene expression under heterogeneous cytoplasmic suppression.
Publisher Correction: Association between self-reported physical activity and incident atrial fibrillation in a young Korean population
Authors: Lee Sung Ho , Ryu Seungho , Lee Jong-Young , Seo Dae Chul , Kim Byung Jin , Sung Ki-Chul
Published: June 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation after radical cystectomy in patients with node-positive bladder cancer
Authors: Pak Sahyun , You Dalsan , Jeong In Gab , Song Cheryn , Lee Jae-Lyun , Hong Bumsik , Hong Jun Hyuk , Kim Choung-Soo , Ahn Hanjong
Published: June 2019

This retrospective study compared adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) versus observation after radical cystectomy (RC) in patients with node-positive bladder cancer (pN+). Outcomes were reviewed in patients with pTanyN1-3M0 bladder cancer who underwent RC with or without AC between 1995 and 2017. Baseline characteristics between the two groups were controlled with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted analyses. Of 281 enrolled patients, the 3-year IPTW-adjusted rates of overall survival was higher in the AC group than the RC group (46.4% vs. 33.7%, p = 0.024). AC was an independent predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.48; P < 0.0001). When patients were subdivided by lymph node density (LND), the 3-year overall survival rates were similar between the AC and RC groups in patients with LND < 9%, but higher in the AC group in patients with LND 9–25% (53.4% vs. 23.7%) and LND ≥ 25% (27.4% vs. 16.1%). The numbers needed to treat to prevent one death at 3 years were three and nine in patients with LND 9–25% and ≥25%, respectively. In conclusion, AC after RC was associated with improved overall survival in patients with node-positive bladder cancer. Patients with an intermediate nodal burden may benefit most from AC.
Pre-Operative Delta-MELD is an Independent Predictor of Higher Mortality following Liver Transplantation
Authors: Cholankeril George , Li Andrew A. , Dennis Brittany B. , Gadiparthi Chiranjeevi , Kim Donghee , Toll Alice E. , Maliakkal Benedict J. , Satapathy Sanjaya K. , Nair Satheesh , Ahmed Aijaz
Published: June 2019

Clinical decompensation immediately prior to liver transplantation may affect post-liver transplant (LT) outcomes. Using the serial Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores recorded in the United Network for Organ Sharing national registry (2010–2017), we analyzed post-LT mortality among adult LT recipients based on the degree of fluctuation in MELD score during the 30-day period prior to LT surgery. Delta-MELD (D-MELD) was defined as recipient MELD score at LT minus lowest MELD score within the preceding 30 days. Impact of D-MELD as a continuous and categorical variable (D-MELD 0–4, 5–10, >10) on early, 30-day post-LT mortality was assessed. Overall, a total of 12,785 LT recipients were analyzed, of which 8,862 (67.9%) had a pre-operative D-MELD 0–4; 2,574 (20.1%) with a D-MELD 5–10; and 1,529 (12.0%) with a D-MELD > 10. One-point incremental increase in pre-operative D-MELD (adjusted HR, 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04–1.10) was associated with higher 30-day post-LT mortality. Moreover, pre-operative D-MELD > 10 was associated with nearly a two-fold increased risk for 30-day post-LT mortality (adjusted HR, 1.89, 95% CI: 1.30–2.77) compared to D-MELD 0–4. The increased risk of pre-LT mortality associated with severity of clinical decompensation assessed by the magnitude of pre-operative D-MELD persists in the early post-LT period.
Role of the S1P pathway and inhibition by fingolimod in preventing hemorrhagic transformation after stroke
Authors: Salas-Perdomo Angélica , Miró-Mur Francesc , Gallizioli Mattia , Brait Vanessa H. , Justicia Carles , Meissner Anja , Urra Xabier , Chamorro Angel , Planas Anna M.
Published: June 2019

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a complication of severe ischemic stroke after revascularization. Patients with low platelet counts do not receive reperfusion therapies due to high risk of HT. The immunomodulatory drug fingolimod attenuated HT after tissue plasminogen activator in a thromboembolic stroke model, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Fingolimod acts on several sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, prevents lymphocyte trafficking to inflamed tissues, and affects brain and vascular cells. This study aimed to investigate changes in S1P-signaling in response to brain ischemia/reperfusion and the effects of the S1P receptor modulator fingolimod on HT. We studied brain expression of S1P signaling components, S1P concentration, and immune cell infiltration after ischemia/reperfusion in mice. We administered fingolimod after ischemia to wild-type mice, lymphocyte-deficient Rag2−/− mice, and mice with low platelet counts. Ischemia increased S1P-generating enzyme SphK1 mRNA, S1P concentration, and S1P receptor-1 (S1P1)+ T-cells in the brain. Fingolimod prevented lymphocyte infiltration, and attenuated the severity of HT in Rag2−/− mice but it was ineffective under thrombocytopenia. Fingolimod prevented β-catenin degradation but not Evans blue extravasation. Ischemia/reperfusion upregulates brain S1P signaling pathway, and fingolimod exerts local effects that attenuate HT. Although fingolimod seems to act on the brain tissue, it did not prevent blood-brain barrier leakage.
A PDM-based bi-directional fibre-FSO integration with two RSOAs scheme
Authors: Tsai Wen-Shing , Lu Hai-Han , Huang Yong-Cheng , Tu Shi-Cheng , Huang Qi-Ping
Published: June 2019

A polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM)-based bi-directional fibre-free-space optical (FSO) integration with two reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOAs) scheme to efficiently wipe off the modulated data for upstream modulation is proposed and successfully demonstrated. For downstream modulation, a high-speed 128 Gb/s vestigial sideband (VSB)-four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) fibre-FSO integration is feasibly established. The transmission capacity is increased up to four times through PDM operation and VSB-PAM4 modulation. For uplink transmission, a 10 Gb/s non-return-to-zero fibre-FSO integration with two RSOAs scheme to effectually erase the downstream modulated data is practically constructed. The upstream performance exhibits noticeable enhancement by using of two RSOAs scheme to wipe off the modulated data clearly. Such illustrated PDM-based bi-directional 128 Gb/s (downstream)/10 Gb/s (upstream) fibre-FSO integration is shown to be prominent not only due to its enhancement in the convergence of fibre backhaul and optical wireless reach extender but also because of its benefit in bi-directional transmission for affording high transmission capacity with long-reach optical wireless link and improved upstream performance.
A near-infrared and two-photon dual-mode fluorescent probe for the colorimetric monitoring of SO2in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kong Xiuqi , Li Min , Dong Baoli , Zhang Nan , Song Wenhui , Lu Yaru , Lin Weiying
Published: June 2019

A near-infrared and two-photon dual-mode fluorescent CY probe was developed for the colorimetric monitoring of SO2in vitro and in vivo.
Anionic hafnium species: an active catalytic intermediate for the coupling of epoxides with CO2?
Authors: Lalrempuia Ralte , Underhaug Jarl , Törnroos Karl W. , Le Roux Erwan
Published: June 2019

A series of hafnium complexes were structurally identified showing high activity (up to 500 h−1) in the selective alternated copolymerization of epoxides with CO2 under low pressure.
An anionic manganese(ii) metal–organic framework for uranyl adsorption
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ling Bo-Kai , Hu Yue-Qiao , Han Tian , Zheng Yan-Zhen
Published: June 2019

A robust MOF that can rapidly and selectively adsorb uranyl in a seawater system is reported.
Visible range optical absorption, Urbach energy estimation and paramagnetic response in Cr-doped TiO2 nanocrystals derived by a sol–gel method
Authors: Akshay V. R. , Arun B. , Mandal Guruprasad , Vasundhara M.
Published: June 2019

Cr doping leads to narrowing of the band gap and formation of isolated BMPs.
Effects of the controllable mesostructure of nano-sized ZSM-5 on the co-cracking of phenolic bio-oil model compounds and ethanol
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Luo Zhongyang , Li Simin , Xue Shuang , Yang Yi
Published: June 2019

The mesopore shape and distribution of mesostructured ZSM-5 showed a major influence on aromatics production of co-cracking of phenolic bio-oil and ethanol.
Full-color emission of a Eu3+-based mesoporous hybrid material modulated by Zn2+ ions: emission color changes for Zn2+ sensing via an ion exchange approach
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Li Heng , Li Yajuan , Yu Xudong
Published: June 2019

We reported the fabrication of a multicolor fluorescent sensor for Zn2+ ions based on the Eu complex functionalized mesoporous hybrid material Eu(TTA-MSN)2L.
A cobalt metal–organic framework (Co-MOF): a bi-functional electro active material for the oxygen evolution and reduction reaction
Authors: Tripathy Rajat K. , Samantara Aneeya K. , Behera J. N.
Published: June 2019

Co-MOF catalyzes the ORR efficiently with a lower onset potential (0.85 Vvs.RHE) by a four electron reduction path with better durability. It needs only 280 mV overpotential to deliver the state-of-art current density of 10 mA cm−2.
Uncertainty and equifinality in environmental modelling of organic pollutants with specific focus on cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes
Authors: Whelan M. J. , Kim J. , Suganuma N. , Mackay D.
Published: June 2019

We explore, for the first time, the concept of equifinality (similar model predictions from different parameter combinations) in MFTMs.
Hepatoprotection of auraptene from the peels of citrus fruits against 17α-ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis in mice by activating farnesoid X receptor
Authors: Wang Junqiao , Fu Ting , Dong Renchao , Wang Changyuan , Liu Kexin , Sun Huijun , Huo Xiaokui , Ma Xiaodong , Yang Xiaobo , Meng Qiang
Published: June 2019

Auraptene protects against estrogen-induced cholestasis in mice.
Water-soluble extracts from edible mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) as inhibitors of hepatitis C viral replication
Authors: Gallego Paloma , Rojas Ángela , Falcón Gonzalo , Carbonero Pilar , García-Lozano María R. , Gil Antonio , Grande Lourdes , Cremades Olga , Romero-Gómez Manuel , Bautista Juan D. , del Campo José A.
Published: June 2019

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main agent responsible for chronic liver disease.
Metal-free visible-light induced cyclization/substitution cascade reaction of alkyne-tethered cyclohexadienones and diselenides: access to 5-hydroxy-3-selenyl-4a,8a-dihydro-2H-chromen-6(5H)-ones
Authors: Ma Xian-Li , Wang Qian , Feng Xi-Yuan , Mo Zu-Yu , Pan Ying-Ming , Chen Yan-Yan , Xin Mao , Xu Yan-Li
Published: June 2019

A simple and efficient Se-radical triggered cyclization/substitution cascade reaction of alkyne-tethered cyclohexadienones to the product of 3 has been developed. The compounds 3e and 3q showed potent cancer cell-growth inhibition activities.
A novel calix[4]arene-modified porphyrin-based dual-mode sensor for the specific detection of dopamine with excellent performance
Authors: Liu Qi , Dong Jurong , Sun Qiqi , Zhao Shuai , Chen Yanli , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: June 2019

A dual-mode sensor for dopamine with remarkable specificity is developed based on a novel calix[4]arene-functionalized porphyrin derivative.
Unusual plastic deformation behavior of nanotwinned Cu/high entropy alloy FeCoCrNi nanolaminates
Authors: Zhao Y. F. , Zhang J. Y. , Wang Y. Q. , Wu K. , Liu G. , Sun J.
Published: June 2019

Contrary to the popular belief that the soft phase in bimetal multilayers plays the dominant role in plastic deformation, the hard FeCoCrNi high entropy alloys (HEA) phase makes more contribution to the deformation of Cu/HEA nanolaminates.
Quantification of gold nanoparticle accumulation in tissue by two-photon luminescence microscopy
Authors: Morales-Dalmau Jordi , Vilches Clara , Sanz Vanesa , de Miguel Ignacio , Rodríguez-Fajardo Valeria , Berto Pascal , Martínez-Lozano Mar , Casanovas Oriol , Durduran Turgut , Quidant Romain
Published: June 2019

TPL microscopy is able to study and quantify the delivery mechanisms of nanoparticles, highly relevant to the development of nanomedicines.
Interface and defect engineering of hybrid nanostructures toward an efficient HER catalyst
Authors: Ozden Sehmus , Bawari Sumit , Vinod Soumya , Martinez Ulises , Susarla Sandhya , Narvaez Claudia , Joyner Jarin , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Narayanan Tharangattu N. , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: June 2019

To improve the HER catalyst the role of defects and interface of hetero-structures needs to be understood well. In this work, we signified the role of the hBN–CNS interface with possible defects in generating highly active sites for the HER catalysis.
Gold nanorods functionalized by a glutathione response near-infrared fluorescent probe as a promising nanoplatform for fluorescence imaging guided precision therapy
Authors: Huang Yan , Liu Qingluan , Wang Yunqing , He Na , Zhao Rongfang , Choo Jaebum , Chen Lingxin
Published: June 2019

The AuNR-based nanoplatform integrated the functions of the glutathione response fluorescent probe and phototherapy.
1T-phase MoS2 quantum dots as a superior co-catalyst to Pt decorated on carbon nitride nanorods for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water
Authors: Liang Zhangqian , Guo Yichen , Xue Yanjun , Cui Hongzhi , Tian Jian
Published: June 2019

1T-MoS2 QDs exceed the performance of Pt as co-catalysts in assisting photocatalytic H2 evolution upon forming a heterostructure with C3N4 nanorods.
Employing thiocyanate salts as a nitrogen source via CN bond cleavage: divergent synthesis of α-ketoamides and 2-acyloxazoles
Authors: Wang Can , Geng Xiao , Zhao Peng , Zhou You , Wu Yan-Dong , Wu An-Xin
Published: June 2019

A switchable procedure for the synthesis of α-ketoamides and 2-acyloxazoles from aryl methyl ketones and thiocyanate salts is reported.
Self-assembly of supra-amphiphiles building block fabricated by β-cyclodextrin and adamantane-based ionic liquid
Authors: Zhong Xing , Hu Caixia , Yan Xiaowei , Zhu Dongjian , Chen Qiujuan , Li Wenxue , Feng Lizhen , Wei Yan
Published: June 2019

The self-assembly of supra-amphiphiles building block fabricated by β-CD and AD-C11im at diverse molar ratios was studied. The micelles of AD-C11im turned into monolayer vesicles, net-like nanofibers and hydrogel at different β-CD/AD-C11im system.
Correction: Controlling the preferential motion of chiral molecular walkers on a surface
Authors: Abbasi-Pérez David , Sang Hongqian , Pérez-García Lluïsa , Floris Andrea , Amabilino David B. , Raval Rasmita , Recio J. Manuel , Kantorovich Lev
Published: June 2019

Correction for ‘Controlling the preferential motion of chiral molecular walkers on a surface’ by David Abbasi-Pérez et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01135h.
Direct measurements of structural forces and twist transitions in cholesteric liquid crystal films with a surface force apparatus
Authors: Zheng Weichao , Perez-Martinez Carla Sofia , Petriashvili Gia , Perkin Susan , Zappone Bruno
Published: June 2019

Mechanical micro-confinement of a cholesteric liquid crystal between crossed cylinders produces dislocations, twist transitions and oscillatory structural forces.
Nanostructured amalgams with tuneable silver–mercury bonding sites for selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide into formate and carbon monoxide
Authors: Yang Wanfeng , Chen Sheng , Ren Wenhao , Zhao Yong , Chen Xianjue , Jia Chen , Liu Junnan , Zhao Chuan
Published: June 2019

Nanoporous Ag–Hg amalgams with tuneable Ag–Hg bonding sites exhibit switchable product selectivity of CO2electroreduction towards formate or CO.
Gaseous CO and toluene co-oxidation over monolithic core–shell Co3O4-based hetero-structured catalysts
Authors: Mo Shengpeng , Zhang Qi , Sun Yuhai , Zhang Mingyuan , Li Jiaqi , Ren Quanming , Fu Mingli , Wu Junliang , Chen Limin , Ye Daiqi
Published: June 2019

Gaseous CO co-existence could improve catalytic toluene oxidation over Co3O4-based catalysts, and the reaction mechanism on the CO/toluene oxidation may be mutually independent in the presence of both CO and toluene.
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of Co/CoO hybrid structures: a first-principles study on the Co layer thickness effect
Authors: Park Kyoung-Won , Kolpak Alexie M.
Published: June 2019

Interfaces formed at metal/semiconductor hybrid system have the peculiar electronic characteristics depending on the thickness of metal layer. The different characteristics tune light responses of the metallic and semiconducting layers, resulting in various photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities in the hybrid system.