bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MONITORING AND ANALYZING THE GEOSPATIAL PATTERNS OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA (PRD) FROM 1960 TO 2012
Authors: Wang J. , Wu Z. , Li S. , Cao Z.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Geospatial Patterns Pearl River Delta (PRD), one of the most economically-important and fastest-growing regions in China, have changed remarkably and continuously during the past decades. In this research, the change of landuse, coastline during 1960–2012 were closely investigated to provide better description and explanation of the geospatial pattern. And the relationships between them were explored. Finally, the impact that urban expansion brought to the coastal environment was quantitatively analyzed. The main remarks of this research are summarized into the following points: (1) In PRD, construction land expanded 33 times. In the meantime, the area of forest and farmland decreased 47.53 % and 56.70 %, respectively. (2) The land demand for agricultural development was the key factor that changed coastline in PRD before 2000. Since 2000, land demand for urban construction has been the key factor that changed coastline in PRD. (3) During 1960 to 2012, the length of coastline in PRD increased from 1134.95 km to 1508.02 km with an increasing speed of 7.17 km per year. Relatively, the coastline changed more obvious in three periods (2004 to 2006, 2006 to 2008 and 2008 to 2010). (4) The type of coastline changed remarkably from 1960 to 2012. 82.94 % of the natural coastline in PRD disappeared until 2012. Known from this research, the geospatial patterns of the PRD changed remarkably during 1960 to 2012, mainly driven by human activities. The coastal environment is facing serious risks and challenges under the rapid process of urbanization.
HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF LANDSLIDE DISASTER IN FUJIAN PROVINCE BASED ON FUZZY MATHEMATICS
Authors: Wang J. M. , Gong A. D. , Chen Y. L. , Li J. , Zeng T. T.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Landslide disasters are the most frequent geological disasters in Fujian Province. They are also the type of geological disasters that cause the most serious economic and population losses each year. This study uses the fuzzy mathematics method to carry on the hazard assessment of landslide disaster in Fujian Province, in order to explore the mechanism of the landslide disaster, and provides the reference for the construction land expansion in Fujian Province. The calculation results show that landslide disasters in Fujian Province have a high correlation with external forces, that is, long-term precipitation and short-term strong precipitation are likely to trigger landslide disasters. Among the internal stress factors, the correlation between the occurrence of landslides and slopes is the highest, and the probability of landslides occurs in areas with steep slopes. The evaluation results show that the areas with high landslide hazards are mainly distributed in the central region of Fujian Province. From the remote sensing images, it can be seen that most of the dangerous areas are in rapidly developing cities, and their vegetation coverage is relatively low, and the environment is greatly affected by humans.
THE APPLICATION OF CHINESE HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE IMAGE IN LAND LAW ENFORCEMENT INFORMATION EXTRACTION
Authors: Wang N. , Yang R.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Chinese high -resolution (HR) remote sensing satellites have made huge leap in the past decade. Commercial satellite datasets, such as GF-1, GF-2 and ZY-3 images, the panchromatic images (PAN) resolution of them are 2 m, 1 m and 2.1 m and the multispectral images (MS) resolution are 8 m, 4 m, 5.8 m respectively have been emerged in recent years. Chinese HR satellite imagery has been free downloaded for public welfare purposes using. Local government began to employ more professional technician to improve traditional land management technology. This paper focused on analysing the actual requirements of the applications in government land law enforcement in Guangxi Autonomous Region. 66 counties in Guangxi Autonomous Region were selected for illegal land utilization spot extraction with fusion Chinese HR images. The procedure contains: A. Defines illegal land utilization spot type. B. Data collection, GF-1, GF-2, and ZY-3 datasets were acquired in the first half year of 2016 and other auxiliary data were collected in 2015. C. Batch process, HR images were collected for batch preprocessing through ENVI/IDL tool. D. Illegal land utilization spot extraction by visual interpretation. E. Obtaining attribute data with ArcGIS Geoprocessor (GP) model. F. Thematic mapping and surveying. Through analysing 42 counties results, law enforcement officials found 1092 illegal land using spots and 16 suspicious illegal mining spots. The results show that Chinese HR satellite images have great potential for feature information extraction and the processing procedure appears robust.
THE REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF GPP ESTIMATION BY SOLAR INDUCED FLUORESCENCE
Authors: Wang X. , Lu S.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Estimating gross primary productivity (GPP) at large spatial scales is important for studying the global carbon cycle and global climate change. In this study, the relationship between solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and GPP is analysed in different levels of annual average temperature and annual total precipitation respectively using simple linear regression analysis. The results showed high correlation between SIF and GPP, when the area satisfied annual average temperature in the range of −5 °C to 15 °C and the annual total precipitation is higher than 200 mm. These results can provide a basis for future estimation of GPP research.
INFORMATION EXTRACTION OF TOURIST GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES BASED ON 3D VISUALIZATION REMOTE SENSING IMAGE
Authors: Wang X.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Tourism geological resources are of high value in admiration, scientific research and universal education, which need to be protected and rationally utilized. In the past, most of the remote sensing investigations of tourism geological resources used two-dimensional remote sensing interpretation method, which made it difficult for some geological heritages to be interpreted and led to the omission of some information. This aim of this paper is to assess the value of a method using the three-dimensional visual remote sensing image to extract information of geological heritages. skyline software system is applied to fuse the 0.36 m aerial images and 5m interval DEM to establish the digital earth model. Based on the three-dimensional shape, color tone, shadow, texture and other image features, the distribution of tourism geological resources in Shandong Province and the location of geological heritage sites were obtained, such as geological structure, DaiGu landform, granite landform, Volcanic landform, sandy landform, Waterscapes, etc. The results show that using this method for remote sensing interpretation is highly recognizable, making the interpretation more accurate and comprehensive.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE QUALITY OF NO GROUND CONTROLLED POSITIONING PRECISION ABOUT SURVEYING AND MAPPING SATELLITE
Authors: Wang Y. , Hu X. , Yang X. , Xie G.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The image quality of the surveying camera will affect the stereoscopic positioning accuracy of the remote sensing satellite. The key factors closely related to the image quality are Modulation Transfer Function(MTF),Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) and Quantization Bits(QB). In “Mapping Satellite-1” image as the background, research the effect of positioning precision about the image quality in no ground controlled conditions, and evaluate the quantitative relationship with the positioning precision. At last verify the validity of the experimental results by simulating three factors of the degraded data on orbit, and counting the number of matching points, the mismatch rate, and the matching residuals of the degraded data. The reason for the variety of the positioning precision was analyzed.
A THTEE-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION SCHEME FOR SATELLITE AOD
Authors: Liang Y. , Zang Z. , You W.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. A three-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme is designed for satellite AOD based on the IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) equation. The observation operator that simulates AOD from the control variables is established by the IMPROVE equation. All of the 16 control variables in the assimilation scheme are the mass concentrations of aerosol species from the Model for Simulation Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry scheme, so as to take advantage of this scheme in providing comprehensive analyses of species concentrations and size distributions as well as be calculating efficiently. The assimilation scheme can save computational resources as the IMPROVE equation is a quadratic equation. A single-point observation experiment shows that the information from the single-point AOD is effectively spread horizontally and vertically.
BiblioComprehension
Authors: Schumilas Tanis , Anderson Alysha , Ottewell Holly , Turcotte Alexandra
Published: May 2018

Increasingly, public libraries are incorporating interactive, collaborative, and user-centred social discovery tools into traditional library services with the goal of better serving their patrons. These tools are designed to encourage communication and interaction between library patrons and staff by providing a platform for patrons to evaluate, comment on, create, and share personalized lists of their favourite items in a library’s collection. BiblioCommons is one example of a discovery tool that has been embraced by public libraries and their patrons to this end. Yet, while tools such as BiblioCommons offer many benefits to library patrons, relying on these tools to deliver core library services may violate patron privacy and confidentiality. Using the American Library Association Code of Ethics and the Library Bill of Rights as a framework, we explore the websites of Canadian public libraries that use BiblioCommons to discover how these libraries communicate privacy concerns associated with the use of this service to their patrons. Based on our findings, we argue that libraries are largely failing in their ethical responsibility to alert patrons to the privacy and confidentiality concerns associated with BiblioCommons.
Be Internet Awesome
Authors: Seale Jim , Schoenberger Nicole
Published: May 2018

Child safety concerns are a crucial element of conversations about Internet usage, with numerous Internet safety programs seeking to help children protect themselves while online. Google joins these existing efforts with its release of the Be Internet Awesome program, which is designed to teach children how to safely and responsibly explore the Internet. Existing reviews of the program do not include critical examinations of its content and its recommendations for children. As such, this paper critically examines the content and underlying messages of Be Internet Awesome to discover how it conceptualizes and presents Internet safety threats. This analysis reveals that although Be Internet Awesome is well designed and addresses common Internet safety themes, the awareness it aims to help children gain is not comprehensive. Specifically, the program fails to consider the usage of information past a surface level, ignores elements outside of the user’s control, and portrays Google as a benevolent and authoritative Internet expert.
China’s long game in techno-nationalism
Authors: Ahmed Shazeda , Weber Steven
Published: May 2018

The passage of China’s national cybersecurity law in June 2017 has been interpreted as an unprecedented impediment to the operation of foreign firms in the country, with its new requirements for data localization, network operators’ cooperation with law enforcement officials, and online content restrictions, among others. Although the law’s scope is indeed broader than that of any previous regulation, the process through which it was drafted and eventually approved bears similarities to three previous cases from the past two decades of Chinese information technology policy-making. In comparing these four cases, we argue that economic concerns have consistently overshadowed claims of national security considerations throughout laws directed at foreign enterprises.
Into the wild online: Learning from Internet trolls
Authors: Birkbak Andreas
Published: May 2018

An Internet troll is a person who deliberately upsets users of online forums or social media. The term has been taken up widely in media discourses about democracy and the Web. Internet trolls and the act of ‘trolling’ thus speaks to a renewed significance of monsters and the monstrous in modernizing liberal democracies. Following ideas developed in science and technology studies (STS), monsters have the generative political capacity to teach us about heterogeneity and hybridity. Indeed, trolls have historically been understood not just as dangerous, but also as invitations to try to come to terms with ‘the other’, which cannot be ignored. In this paper, I explore this potential in relation to online trolling. I start by examining the rise of the troll metaphor in relation to online discourse and observe a shift towards an increasingly broad usage. I argue that Internet trolls are no longer only understood as acting for the sake of controversy itself. Today, the designation is also used to demarcate the boundaries of proper debate, i.e., by expanding the label of trolling to include things like information warfare, hate speech, and sometimes even political activism. Using the troll figure in this way invokes and reproduces ideals about deliberative democracy, where an ongoing public debate that meets certain standards of rationality and inclusiveness is understood as central to democratic societies. However, trolls per definition defy such terms, which means that their subversive political potential as monsters is contained rather than exploited in this frame. With the help of Belgian philosopher of science Isabelle Stengers’ use of the figure of the idiot, I suggest that to enter into a more interesting relationship with online trolls, we may have to open for the possibility that ‘there is something more important’, which is not articulated ‘seriously’, but is nevertheless crucial for the sort of issue-oriented take on democratic politics currently being developed in STS. More specifically, online trolling may be politically generative in the sense that trolls challenge the dichotomy between serious ‘public’ issues and ‘private’ jesting.
The Effect of Total Quality Management, Organizational Excellence on Organizational Performance-The Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation
Authors: Al-Darmaki Abdullah Ibrahim
Published: May 2018

Purpose: This study was set up to examine the effect of TQM, organizational excellence on organizational performance.Design/methodology/approach: To examine the model of the study, design of survey questionnaire was employed through data collected from Al Ain Municipality in the UAE. Out of 200 questionnaires, 135 only usable returned. Partial Least Square (PLS) structural equation modelling was employed to analyze the data.Findings: Based on statistical results, the effect of TQM, organizational excellence, and organizational performance were confirmed. Moreover, Entrepreneurial orientation was found not supported to moderate the effect of TQM as well as organizational excellence on organizational performance.Practical implications: The results of this study have several practical implications. This study will help managers and decision makers to take the proper decision when implementing TQM system. Due to that, Entrepreneurial orientation are the most important practices to ease the TQM& Organizational Excellence implementation.Originality/value: This study is considered as the only empirical study that examines the collective effect of TQM, organizational excellence on organizational performance.
Teoría y praxis en las instituciones educativas
Authors: Ayala Perdomo Erasmo
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 61, 1998: 67-76
El diagnóstico de Georgio Colli sobre la "crisis de la modernidad"
Authors: Sermeño Angel
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 62, 1998: 185-192
Raíces sociales de la violencia: el aporte del marxismo
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 64, 1998: 313-324
Agresión, victimización y armas en los centros educativos de San Salvador
Authors: Cruz José Miguel
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 64, 1998: 337-355
The Capabilities Approach: A Future Alternative to Neoliberal Higher Education in the MENA Region
Authors: ElKhayat Ranya S.
Published: May 2018

This conceptual paper is a future study aiming to shed light on the current state of higher education in the MENA region. The neoliberal agenda for higher education in the region presents a form of education that is commodified, corporatized and focused on STEM rather than on humanities. The paper further speculates on the state of higher education in the near future under the same ideology. As an alternative, the study proposes the implementation of Martha Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach. This approach is capable of re-balancing the tipped scale in the commodification of higher education and will serve in developing well-rounded individuals. The Capabilities Approach can reform higher education through critical thinking, liberal education, and attention to diversity.
Evaluation of the Simplified Dynamic Wave, Diffusion Wave and the Full Dynamic Wave Flood Routing Models
Authors: Perdikaris John , Gharabaghi Bahram , Rudra Ramesh
Published: May 2018

The accuracy of prediction and ease of use of the three popular flood routing models; simplified dynamic Wave, diffusion wave, and full dynamic wave were evaluated. The models were evaluated along a reach of the Credit River Watershed, in Southern Ontario, Canada. The simplified dynamic wave model showed better accuracy and easier formulation when compared against the diffusion wave and the full dynamic wave models. Indicating that the simplified dynamic wave model can be applied to reaches where the diffusion wave and the full dynamic wave models may not be applicable. The principle novel contributions of the paper are (a) the extension of the flood routing formulations by Keskin and Agiralioglu, (b) the use of a prismatic channel and floodplain with varying top-widths, (c) the validation of the methodology through the application of an event simulation to an actual river reach, and (d) comparison of the modeling results to those obtained using the full dynamic wave model and the diffusion wave models.
Application of Standardized Observation Form in School Counselling in Taiwan: Exploratory Study with Children Exhibiting Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Concerns
Authors: Tsai Mei-Hsiang
Published: May 2018

The exploratory study investigated the impact of Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT) on children who present with internalizing and externalizing behavioral concerns through a single-case design. Two second-grade male children in northern Taiwan displaying clinical levels of internalizing or externalizing behavior problems underwent 9 weeks of weekly 40-minute CCPT sessions.  The children’s parents and teachers completed the Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher’s Report Form before and after play therapy. Observational data were collected via the Direct Observation Form throughout the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. Observation data were evaluated through visual analysis. In-session play therapy notes and the children’s play therapy behavior scores were also analyzed. The participants’ internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors demonstrated slight decreases.
Arendt, Truth, and Epistemic Responsibility
Authors: Sari Yasemin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

In this article, I offer a politico-philosophical perspective to reassess the much-contested role of truth in politics to put forth a principle of political action that will make sense of a “right to unmanipulated factual information,” which Hannah Arendt understands as crucial for establishing freedom of opinion. In developing a principle of epistemic responsibility, I will show that “factual truth” plays a key role in Arendt’s account of political action and provides a normative order that can extricate her account from charges of immoralism. The article will be divided into three sections: section 1 deals with the distinction between rational truths and factual truths, and the question of their validity, section 2 deals with what a principle of political action is, and lastly, section 3 proposes a principle of “epistemic responsibility” that becomes action-guiding in the political sphere, in order to shed new light on the 2013 Gezi Park protest, one of the recent democratic uprisings of our century.
Anerkennung als eco-ethischer Begriff
Authors: Simon Josef ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

The overpopulation of the earth and the increasing consumption of its life ressources implies new risks and damages for mankind. The awareness of this facts has turned Ethics, formerly conceived of primarily as one among other philosophical disciplines, into a fundamental one. Ethics has become, in some sense, a “first philosophy”.This has opened new object fields for it. In the past Ethics was mainly concerned with the “good” life and the “good” behavior of the single subject. Now it aims to support behavior kinds making possible the survival of mankind under globalized life conditions. “Good” life presupposes surviving.Ethical reflections aimed formerly to guarantee that human beings keep able to live together even if they don’t share the same “values”. Now they have to face the problem of the living together of human beings belonging to different cultures and social forms. The main question is no more what ethical fundamentals would best enable human beings to live together, but what are the conditions for a coexistence of values which enables a good living together of human beings with diverse ethical orientations.Often it is said that Hegel did not develop an Ethics of his own. This paper would like to show that Hegel’s philosophy is, on the contrary, an excellent tool for facing such kinds of questions. His main ethical concept is “recognition”. But he is not concerned with the recognition or rejection of concrete ethical principles. His concept of recognition focuses on the individual in its absolute singularity, in his being absolutely unique in and through himself. His consciousness as self-consciousness gets thus particular in the sense of being definitely individual. Hegel calls the reciprocal recognition of individually conscious subjects the “absolute spirit”.This unusual terminology has made an adequate reception of Hegel’s thinking quite difficult. But there can be no doubt that his very rich and deep elaboration of the phenomenology of such recognition among factual subjects provides extremely productive tools to face eco-ethical reflections in our days. This paper tries to show in presently understandable terms Hegel’s reflections on the very nature of language as the place in which the subjects experience both their absolute individuality and their community, i. e. their singularity and the generality of their institutions, in a simultaneously paradox and coherent way. Recognition becomes in Hegel the inner structure of pardon and reconciliation. Its dependence on languages both diverse and shared makes this concept particularly productive for shaping the living together of human beings belonging to diverse cultures and following diverse ethical orientations.
For a Sustainalibility of Ethics
Authors: Stara Flavia ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

The considerations formulated in this paper focus on the concept of reinforcement of that system of resources and values which assures the synchrony between individual behaviour and common good. In contemporary society, within an healthy environment, the right to development should be based both on an educational philosophical ground and on a teleological factor: the autonomy of judgement as well as the process of knowledge make the subject able of correlation, solidarity, capable to recognize her/his competence as a valid resource to compete in the configuration of a policy of social protection. [...] The hypothesis of sustainability of ethics is strengthened by an ethic of education, which can be identified through the production of new experiences of commitment, a sustainable practice where each change is perceived as an interior act, as an act of individual will that can be transformed in collective responsibility.
Social Justice, Interpretation, and Literary Works of Art
Authors: McCormick Peter ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

The persistence of some central instances of social injustice in European democracies governed by the rule of law; despite abundant resources for durably reducing them, is poorly understood. Understanding better the nature of law as constructive interpretation may strongly motivate future applications of the rule of law to alleviating substantially the social injustice of unnecessary yet continuing destitution among many persons, particularly in affluent and resourceful Paris. However, recent critical examinations of the nature of law as constructive interpretation have uncovered a crucial problem with this otherwise cogent account. Here, I show how some eco-ethical reflection on the nature of aesthetic interpretation may suggest a way for resolving this problem with the nature of jurisprudential interpretation. If correct, a further developed version of this analysis may re-open constructively interpretive ways towards more socially effective means for applying the rule of law to help in the elimination of the persistent social injustice of widespread impoverishment in Paris and in other similarly governed major world cities.
J.-J. Rousseau et l ’idée de justice
Authors: Canivez Patrice ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

La question de la justice est partout présente dans l’oeuvre de Rousseau. S’il aborde tout d’abord la question du juste et de l’injuste en rapport avec la loi de nature, la justice n’est cependant pas seulement pour Rousseau un problème de droit. S’interroger sur la justice, c’est poser la question de l’homme et de son rapport au monde. Pour autant, l’idée rousseauiste de justice ne se déduit pas d’une philosophie « compréhensive » du monde et des affaires humaines. La théorie rousseauiste de la justice est en elle-même une théorie compréhensive. C’est une philosophie des rapports humains et de la manière dont ils s’inscrivent dans Tordre du monde. Ce chapitre s’efforce de rendre compte des différentes dimensions de cette théorie. Il commence par montrer comment Rousseau traite de la justice dans le cadre du droit naturel. Puis, il traite successivement du principe intersubjectif de la justice et de la justice comme principe d’un ordre « objectif » du monde, de la société et de l’État.
A Just Allotment of Memory and a Just Distance
Authors: Kristensson Uggla Bengt ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

This article elaborates upon how memory and justice are connected within the philosophical project of Paul Ricoeur, and thus it aims to explore the broader context and meaning of his intriguing term “a just allotment of memory.” First, the concept of justice will be contextualized within the framework of Ricceur’s philosophical anthropology in general, and second, more specifically, with respect to his "little ethics.” Thereafter, issues relating to the manner in which memory generates questions of justice, and, indeed, why memory needs history in order to be just, will be explored. Finally, some crucial questions about the limits of justice, and the challenges associated with the presence of justice and injustices in limit-situations will briefly be raised.
Aequitas — Abbild der unendlichen Gerechtigkeit im Recht
Authors: Borsche Tilman ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

Enquiring the sources and the legitimacy of Derrida’s statement “Law {droit) is not justice” from his essay “Force of Law: The ‘Mystical Foundation of Authority’ ” (1990), the paper analyses the three notions of “justice”, “equity” and “concordantia” (in Cusanus). Part I explains historically how the difference between the limited and changing human laws and the eternal justice of God was gradually being perceived and acknowledged in Antiquity. Part II illustrates how the virtue of equity was called upon to compensate for the insufficiencies and contradictions of human laws, mainly by Aristotle. Part III explores the conditions how and argues for the possibility that the notion of “concordantia” as developed by Nicolaus Cusanus for the Council of Basle could work as a mediating principle of legislation among conflicting interests and thus provide for temporary justice by means of an equitable procedure of legislation.
Lost without Words: The Justice That Surpasses Blind Justice
Authors: Bernasconi Robert ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

Emmanuel Levinas can be read as challenging the legal principle that everybody must be treated in the same way without fear of favor, no matter who they are or what status they hold. He did so by highlighting the private suffering that goes unnoticed if justice is blind, as is suggested by the image of Iustitia wearing a blindfold. What this unspeakable suffering means for justice is explored through a reading of Jean Améry’s At the Mind's Limit and Jill Stauffer’s Ethical Loneliness: The Injustice of Not Being Heard.
Le quasi-réalisme de Dworkin et la responsabilité de juger
Authors: Reber Bernard ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

Dworkin invented a fictional character: Hercules. Super-judge he has the capacity to reveal the hidden structure of judgments. In his famous judgment Solomon’s wisdom is recognized as divine. It is no longer sufficient for a secularized philosophical reflection. However, Dworkin’s Hercules is endowed with a capacity of unconventional coherence, which allows him to overcome the judge’s instinct. It is somehow in the position of a god. Salomon, who is called wise, has undoubtedly invented an unexpected resolution in his judgment, which is tested here in the light of the richness of the meaning of responsibility. For Salomon, as for Dworkin, responsibility is a rock. - This chapter examines in-depth his latest book, Justice for Hedgehogs, from a moral realism perspective, in order to critically analyse his narrow conception of moral realism and the various opponents of this meta-ethical theory as powerful as it is diverse.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: May 2018

Mary EdwardsErin ConorHeather CyreChristopher DuffyElnora Kelly TayagErik T. MitchellLaurie A. NeiderSarah PonichteraStephen AppelElizabeth BedfordCrystal BustillosBridget M. CainAndrew DudashAdebola FabikuMaryam FakouriPhilip GaddisLorelle GianelliAmanda HawkMatthew MontgomeryMichael MooreMichael MunginSally PineCaitlin RizzoJoe RyanCarrie WadeStefani WiestBonnie MacEwanScott Alan Smith
Strategies for Caring Mathematical Interactions
Authors: Battey Dan , Neal Rebecca A. , Hunsdon Jessica
Published: May 2018

How we handle classroom relationships between teachers and students plays an important role in how all students experience mathematics.
Fat Tissue Embolism Caused by Autologous Fat Transfer
Authors: Shiffman Melvin A.
Published: May 2018

Complications of autologous fat transfer (injection) include fat tissue embolization from injection in the glabellar and nasal regions, with blindness and central nervous system damage. A rare complication is fat tissue embolization to the lung that, so far, has always been fatal. The author reviews the literature on fat tissue embolization. The arterial and venous anatomy is discussed and the mechanisms of embolization are described. Also presented are measures to use to prevent embolizing of fat tissue while injecting.
Comparison of Various Techniques in the Reconstruction of Mohs Chin Defects
Authors: Arnaoutakis Demetri , Rihani Jordan , Thornton James
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Defects of the chin after Mohs resection of skin cancer are relatively uncommon yet technically challenging. This is due in part from the numerous topographic features and multiple soft-tissue components such as the underlying muscle layers, the well-defined submental crease, and the bony gonion, all of which contribute to the intricacy of the reconstruction. We review our results over an 11-year period to assess the most commonly used closure techniques and to provide a simplified algorithm for closure of chin defects.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective chart review. Approval was obtained by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center for this retrospective medical chart review. All patients undergoing reconstruction of chin defects by the senior author (J.T.) following Mohs excisional chemosurgery from 2005–2013 were included. Pre- and postoperative photographs were reviewed in addition to defect size, location, operative technique, and postoperative complications. Photograph consent forms were obtained at the time of surgery. Patients were excluded if the defect involved the lower lip. One patient was excluded for incomplete data.

Results:

A total of 35 patients were identified over the period in question. There was a wide range with regard to patient age and race. Both sexes were operated on in roughly equal proportions. The average defect size was 4.29 cm (range, 2–15 cm). Linear closure was performed on 26 patients (72%). Other choices for repair included rhombic flaps (n = 3), submental perforator V to Y advancement flaps (n = 3), bilobed flap (n = 1), and rotational flap (n = 1). All patients achieved a good final aesthetic result with complete functional maintenance of the lower lip with no lower lip retractions. Scars were well healed by the second and third follow-up appointments.

Conclusion:

Optimal chin reconstruction, defined by successful wound closure, careful scar placement, and minimal postoperative complications, may be accomplished by taking advantage of the inherent characteristics of the chin. In most small defects of the chin, primary closure is attainable. In larger defects of the chin, recruitment of flaps from the cervical region is preferred, with preference toward submental island flaps when allowed.
Eye Whitening Using Subconjunctival Injections
Authors: Campion Michael , Campion Robert J. , Campion Vincent M.
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Recent reports have alerted medical providers about the danger of certain eye whitening procedures that involve a combination of removing generous areas of conjunctiva, cautery, laser, and the later use of antimetabolites. This case report describes an alternative technique using subconjunctival injections. This novel procedure may avoid risks associated with previously described techniques.

Materials and Methods:

The subconjunctival space was entered and lidocaine 2% with epinephrine was injected. White tattoo ink was then injected into the subconjunctival space and spread throughout with external pressure. The patient was observed as to the appearance, longevity, and tolerance of the ink as well as possible side effects.

Results:

The ink could be spread easily throughout the eye in a homogeneous fashion and remained visibly apparent throughout the observation period. The patient reported mild transient tearing, light sensitivity, and seepage of ink during the first 5 days, but it quickly abated after that time period. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and corneal appearance were unchanged throughout the observation period. The appearance of the eyes postoperatively was consistent for 24 months.

Conclusions:

The technique of using subconjunctival injections as a means to whiten eye appearance is feasible and avoids the risks associated with previously used techniques.
The Influence of Perinatal Education on Breastfeeding Decision and Duration
Authors: Zugravu Corina , Nanu Michaela Iuliana , Moldovanu Florentina , Arghir Oana Cristina , Mihai Cristina Maria , Oțelea Marina Ruxandra , Cambrea Simona Claudia
Published: May 2018

Objectives: to evaluate factors influencing breastfeeding duration in an integrative model, considering both the organization of medical care and the perinatal education.
Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study with data collected in a face to face interview of 1,008 mothers with children aged between 9 and 14 months The questionnaire focused on the main characteristics of a Mother-Baby Friendly Hospital initiative and the type of perinatal education received by pregnant women. Correlation and partial correlation tests, non-parametric tests and classification tests were applied. Data were processed in SPSS 12.0 software.
Results: The positive effects of Mother Baby Friendly Hospitals Organization initiative organization were confirmed. However, the main differentiator for breastfeeding duration was the level of formal education of pregnant mothers and the active seeking of perinatal education (r = 0.22, p< 0.001). The perinatal counseling was correlated with breastfeeding duration only for the subgroup participating to structured, dedicated time slot apart from the regular medical consultation (r = 0.079; p = 0.014), independently of mother’s age, education, residence, time to first breastfeeding contact, type of birth delivery and rooming in. Our results support a broader approach to perinatal education than medical counseling during pregnancy to increase the voluntary participation of future mothers to the perinatal educational programs.
Conclusion: As mothers’ motivation to maintain the optimum duration of breastfeeding is a determinant factor, an earlier and sustained educational process, before pregnancy and after birth delivery, is necessary in order to create a general favorability for exclusive breastfeeding.
From Planning to Spatial Foresight in Québec: What Future-Telling Means in a Context of Sub-regional Governance. The Case of Vision 2031
Authors: Le Berre Sylvain
Published: May 2018

Since the adoption of the sustainable development policy in 2006, a strategic vision is now required for planning proceedings in Quebec, especially for Regional County Municipalities (RCMs) in charge of a supra-municipal Schéma d’aménagement et de développement (SAD). Focusing on the renewal proceedings of the SAD of Rivière-du-Loup’s RCM between 2009 and 2013, this research analyzes the process of shaping such a strategic vision, and the place of this vision in the management of a sub-regional governance. During that four-year period, this RCM led a sub-regional coalition of both public and private actors in a cross-cutting and joined-up process called Vision 2031. This process involved more than experts and decision-makers; it opened its future-oriented process to the wider civil society. This was significant for three reasons. First, it expressed a shift from the retrospective to more forward-looking knowledge building. Second, it translated a switch from sectoral planning to cross-cutting planning. Third, it represented an on-going process towards more collaborative ways of proceeding. Territorialization and horizontalization of spatial planning policies constitute a same process; it implies that responsibility for development stems not only from decision-makers but from the entire sub-regional community. In other words, in a context of challenging public institutions’ political capacity and crisis of top-down model of management, such new spatial foresight proceedings highlight the emergence of a new type of sub-regional public regulation – a governance by the future.
Not all Natural Disasters are Covered Equal: A Focus on Canadian Media
Authors: Mamuji Aaida , Kchouk Bilel
Published: May 2018

When Canada launches a Matching Fund in response to natural disasters abroad, the federal government commits to match dollar-for-dollar donations made by the Canadian public to eligible charities participating in disaster-relief efforts. In this study, we used both quantitative and qualitative research methods to analyze Canadian news coverage in response to these humanitarian crises. We found that there was variance in media coverage depending on the nature of the natural disasters, namely whether the disasters were sudden-onset or slow-onset. Sudden-onset disasters not only benefited from more television airtime and print media, the content of coverage was characteristically different than slow-onset disasters.
One Size Does Not Fit All! Gender In/Exclusion in a Rural Community-Based ICT Initiative
Authors: Faulkner Wendy , Kleif Tine
Published: May 2018

Community-based information and communication technologies (ICT) networks are seen as an important means of reducing social exclusion, and at the same time fostering community development. Increasing ICT capability locally is arguably crucial to furthering both of these broad aims. This paper presents evidence about the capability-building activities and impact of one community-based ICT initiative, which we have called the Ardmore Network. This is a network of part-time staffed Community Resource Centres in a remote rural region of Scotland. It provides three services: access to informational and technological resources, one-to-one support in learning to use these resources, and basic and vocational ICT training. The initiative is indeed increasing ICT capability amongst sections of the community. Our analysis identifies two keys to this success, which we believe have salience for other community-based efforts to increase ICT capability. First, it involves a heterogeneous package of measures in the sense that it is not ‘just’ about providing public-access computers. And second, it works to the degree that it facilitates informal ICT learning through networks of ‘local experts' within the community. However, the Ardmore Network attracts more women than men, and is failing to reach many non-ICT-using men in the communities it serves – especially middle-aged men in manual work – in spite of being promoted ‘for everybody’. We identify aspects of the ‘one size’ strategy which do not ‘fit’ this section of the community, and conclude that digital inclusion efforts must be based on gender-aware effective targeting if they really are to include everybody in the community
Lifelong Learning Chic in the Modern Practice of Adult Education: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
Authors: Grace André P
Published: May 2018

This article turns to the history of the modern practice of adult education to speak to the versatility of lifelong learning as a fluid and indeterminate concept that some have viewed as a learner's way out and others have viewed as a learner's burden. It identifies change forces that have shaped particular purposes and functions of lifelong learning over time and tides. In the wake of such forces, the article emphasises the need for a critical practice of lifelong learning that would engage citizen learner-workers in holistic practices that attend to their instrumental, social, and cultural needs. In doing so, it speaks to the importance of remembering history by using the lens of the past to consider the conceptualisation and parameters of contemporary lifelong learning and to critique a discernable culture of learner-worker neglect in Canada. Considering the plight of Canadian young adults as an example, the article provides critical reflection on federal government policy that abets privatisation of lifelong learning and aggravates the situation for learner-workers by blaming individuals for any failure in lifelong learning. It concludes with a perspective suggesting it may well be time for a critical (re)turn in Canadian adult education to help salvage lifelong learning as a formation and project of the social.
Learning Together: Facing the Reality of Shared Learning in Health Care
Authors: Jones Lesley , Evans Nici
Published: May 2018

An exploration of health professionals' perceptions of the concept of shared learning and of the belief that shared learning can improve professional relationships in practice.

A shared learning event was arranged as a forum for information exchange within an NHS trust. Ten per cent of total staff (87 people) attended. Questionnaires were completed by the delegates on the day of the event and repeated 10 weeks later. Thematic analysis of the questionnaire data guided the development of an interview schedule for two focus groups, carried out three months later.

This paper reports on the findings from the focus group interviews. The main finding is that shared learning events can give health professionals the opportunity to learn about other professionals' roles. Patient-focused, work-based learning within a multi-disciplinary team is the most realistic way of implementing shared interprofessional learning successfully. The paper concludes that shared learning can positively influence effective interprofessional working. However, the focus may need to be on work-based learning opportunities rather than on formal events, thus leading to the promotion of interprofessional learning.
Where do They Go? A Study of Progression in the South Wales Valleys
Authors: Payne Robert , Wakely Katrina , Maddy Kathryn
Published: May 2018

Informal learning is still a core part of lifelong learning provision in higher education (HE). However, the focus is now moving to accredited courses that aim to provide progression pathways towards HE-level qualifications. This study surveyed community learners at local education venues in the South Wales Valleys and surrounding areas. A questionnaire was used to gather information on learners' educational profiles and future progression aims. There were 153 respondents, with 70 taking accredited courses and 83 taking non-accredited courses. Key findings showed that women and older people (60+ years) in the sample take more accredited than non-accredited courses, and 61 per cent of learners with no previous educational qualifications intended to progress on to accredited courses. Of the non-accredited learners, 27 per cent hoped to progress onto accredited courses, and only 8 per cent of accredited learners intended to go back to non-accredited courses. Learners' future progression aims suggest that non-accredited learners aim to further develop existing skills or move towards accredited courses. Accredited learners, however, show a less clear pattern of future progression aims. Possible barriers in the transition from level 0 credit-bearing modules to FE/HE study are discussed, and a progression pathway project is proposed that will provide clear pathway maps for all community learners.
When Learning Comes of Age? Continuing Education into Later Life
Authors: Jackson Sue
Published: May 2018

It is estimated that in 30 years time nearly half the population of Britain will be over 50. In his introduction to The Learning Age, David Blunkett proclaimed that ‘we must all develop and sustain a regard for learning at whatever age (Blunkett, 1998, my italics). Yet such activity does not extend to higher education, where numbers of students aged over 50 are shamefully low.

This paper will begin by outlining a range of issues for older students (aged 50+), whilst recognising differences and diversities between this group of students, not least of which is age, but also including, gender, social class, ethnicity, disability and more. It will move on to raise some key areas for discussion, including ways in which teachers and institutions incorporate, adapt or change pedagogic approaches in order to facilitate and negotiate effective learning for ‘older’ students. Drawing on examples from non-formal learning, it will go on to show how universities can develop effective learning communities for ‘older’ students.

It will conclude by emphasising the need for strategies for inclusive learning for older people to be incorporated into both policy and practice, to enable us to move towards a future when learning can come of age.