bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Migration - Major Trends in Demography: A Hungarian Example
Authors: Tóth Pál Péter
Published: June 2020

Besides fertility and mortality and the balance between the two, migration also injluencespopulation development in terms af size, sex and age composition. Through theanalysis af population development in Hungary, this paper investigated the role afinternational migration in demographic processes. Wehave followed closely the processin which, after the demographic catastrophes in Hungarian history (1239-1290and 1550-1650), the missing population was replaced by foreigners settling down inHungary. The role played by this settled population has been examined as well. Wehave outlined the ejfects ofthe third demographic disaster (1914-20), which has determinedthe development af Hungarian population up till the present day. As a consequenceaf the peace treaties at the end af World War I Hungary lost two-thirds of itspopulation, thereby changing the structure af the population profoundly. Besides theabove-mentioned processes we have demonstrated the direct and indirect ejfects afcontemporary migration on the development af population size. We have also dealtwith the migratory losses caused by the revolution af 1956 and the decades afterwardsand we have shown the way net migration has injluenced the composition afthe Hungarian population between 1881 and 1990. The migratory balance af Hungaryhas been negative ever since 1901, which has also contributed ta thefact that theHungarian population started decreasing two decades before this occurred in themajority af European states.
The Divergent Rates of Induced Abortion among Young Women in Finland and Denmark
Authors: Knudsen Lisbeth B. , Gissler Mika
Published: June 2020

In 2000, the rate of induced abortion among teenagers was lower in Denmark than inFinland for the .first time in ten years, while the abortion rate for 20-24-year-oldwomen was lower, but increasing in Finland and decreasing in Denmark. Based onpublished datafor 1973-2000, an analysis was made of whether the increasing abortionrates in Finland rejlect an increasing occurrence of unintended pregnancies orwhether there is a lower propensity to give birth ifpregnant.The .findings show that the most recent increase is related both to increasing rates ofpregnancies and a lower propensity to choose to give birth ifpregnant, while the lowabortion rates in the mid-l 990s were characterized by both a decreasing rate of pregnanciesand a higher propensity to give birth. Possible explanations can be found inboth the reduction of the sex education programs in schools in Finland and changedliving conditions for families with children.
Gender Trouble and Its Impact on Fertility Intentions
Authors: Tazi-Preve Irene M. , Bichlbauer Dieter , Goujon Anne
Published: June 2020

It is often an underlying assumption that the new role of women and in general the trend toward a more egalitarian view of the concept of partnership is a main factor behind the low fertility rates in rich countries. The aim of this paper is to test the consequences of gender (in)equity on the desire of women and men to have (further) children by using gender inequity as an important category within population science. In our assumptions we want to test whether an unequal distribution of household chores and childcare duties has a negative effect on the desire to have children. Another assumption examines the potential correlation that the perception of (in)equality of women and men in society or the acceptance of government measures to ensure equal rights might have with the desire to have children. The data are derived from the recent Austrian survey Population Policy Acceptance Survey. The assumptions are tested by means of logistic regression analysis. The results show that it is new men who are likely to express a wish for children, rather than those who live in traditional partnership models.
Trends in Teenage Sexual Behavior and Births in Europe
Authors: Kontula Osmo
Published: June 2020

Sexual and reproductive behavior, and outcomes of that behavior, are treated in thisarticle in the framework of sexual and reproductive health. The focus is on teenagers.European trends in sexual behavior and in fertility/births from the 1980s to the late1990s are presented.The transition in sexual initiation started first in the Nordic countries, then in manyWestern European and Central European countries and finally, one generation later,in Southern and Eastern Europe. The age of women at first sexual intercoursedecreased several years almost everywhere in Europe. Due to improvements in sexeducation and in the use of contraceptives, teenage birth rates have been declining,at the same time, around Europe.There is a serious need for sexual health prevention campaigns and related servicesin Europe. Work for improvement of sexual and reproductive health and rights canbe successful only in a society where there is openness and social tolerance onsexual issues.
Policy Changes, Employment, and Single Parenthood in Finland
Authors: Forssén Katja , Haataja Anita , Hakovirta Mia
Published: June 2020

The labor supply of mothers is in? uenced by womens preferences and labor market conditions, as well as by family policy packages which enable families to reconcile work and family life. This article deepens the understanding about why Finnish single mothers are facing higher unemployment risks than mothers in two-parent families. The main question is how the changes in the Finnish family policy system have affected the economic and labor market status of single mothers in the last part of the 1990s. Have the changes in family policy affected their entry / re-entry into the labor market? Or can these changes in employment rate be explained by mothers personal decisions. Single parents were more vulnerable compared to partnered mothers in parental leave reforms and in the Family reform package in 1994. Changes in the labor market have had an impact on the situation of mothers with small children. One group of mothers can enjoy the full provision of leaves, bene? ts and job security, but an increased share of mothers have become dependent on only basic bene? ts. In this respect, the inequality among mothers has increased.
Minimum Parental Allowance Payments Received by Finnish Mothers
Authors: Takala Pentti , Hytti Helka
Published: June 2020

In Finland, the number and the proportion of women receiving minimum maternity or parental allowance increased dramatically in the 1990s. Their share increased to a high point of 30 percent in 1996 and remained at over 25 percent to the end of the decade. The aim of this study was to describe some of the characteristics typical of these women, and to analyse how often and in what circumstances they had to rely on last-resort income support (social assistance and housing allowance). The material comprises data on the total working-aged population, retrieved from the income security registers maintained by the Social Insurance Institution and from the social assistance register maintained by Stakes (National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health). Both cross sectional and longitudinal data were analysed by means of cross tabulations and means as well as logistic regression. We could differentiate two groups of mothers receiving minimum bene? t: young mothers and middle-aged mothers with many children. Twenty percent of women on the minimum allowance also received social assistance and 38 percent received housing allowance. Reliance on social assistance was particularly common among mothers who had delivered their ? rst baby and among young mothers who had delivered more than one baby
New Orthodox Immigration in Finland
Authors: Martikainen Tuomas
Published: June 2020

The Finnish Orthodox Church is the second largest religious organization in Finland with ca. 57,000 members. During the last 15 years its membership has grown 7% because of international migration. The migrants are mainly from the former Soviet Union (e.g. Estonia, Russia and Ukraine), but there are also small groups from, e.g., Greece, Ethiopia and Romania. The article is a case study of the immigrant activities in two Orthodox parishes that are located in Helsinki and Turku. Issues such as organizational support, religious education and transnational connections are presented. Based on contemporary research on religion and immigration, the article aims to highlight the speci? c role of language in immigrant organizations, and it argues that more attention should be given to it as a speci? c factor.
Divorce Risk Factors Across Finnish Marriage cohorts, 1954-1989
Authors: Härkönen Juho
Published: June 2020

This paper examines whether there has been a change in the effects of three divorce risk factors, female educational attainment, cohabitation, and parity. Several theoretical reasons suggest such a change, but the existing evidence gives mixed results. First marriages of Finnish women married between 1954 and 1989 are analysed using data from the Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS), collected in 1989 and 1990. The results from the discrete-time event history models show that the effect of having children on marital stability has changed: the impact of having two children has become less evident, while the effect of having three children or more has increased. These trends hold after controlling for young children and premarital children. Some explanations for this shift are discussed.
Italians and Foreign Immigration
Authors: Bonifazi Corrado
Published: June 2020

Opinion surveys on attitudes towards immigration are becoming more and more important, owing to the increasing role of political debate on migration issues in Western European countries. CNR has conducted four surveys on this topic, collecting data on the evolution of Italians attitudes towards migration issues. In fact, the ? rst survey was conducted in the second half of the eighties, when foreign immigration was in its early stages. The last survey took place in 2002, when immigration was already well established in Italy. The article focuses on three main issues: the global impact of immigration on Italian society, the immigrants role in the labour market, and immigration policy. In general, the results of the last survey con? rm a trend that appeared already in 1997, of more balanced and realistic opinion that were less of a response to circumstances perceived as special emergencies. Highly educated people, teachers and students continue to be the most open and receptive groups, whereas the less favourably inclined and more worried continue to be old people, those with less education, the unemployed, housewives, and retirees.
Immigrants Paths to Employment in Finland
Authors: Pehkonen Aini
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate how immigrants have integrated into Finnish life from the standpoints of employment. The empirical research material consisted of 30 interviews with immigrants and four interviews with of? cials and others dealing with immigrant affairs. Factors promoting employment of immigrants were the voluntary nature of the immigration, educational quali? cations as demonstrated by the relevant certi? cates and knowledge of the Finnish language. One in three reported that they had ? rst received information about vacancies from the Employment Of? ce, and one in ? ve by approaching the employer directly asking for work. One in seven had found out about jobs through friends.
Leaving Home Behind - Career Opportunity or Seeking for a Safer Life?
Authors: Hyvönen Heli
Published: June 2020

This article analyzes Finnish and Estonian womens perceptions of migration. The central questions are why women migrated from Finland to Estonia or vice versa, what expectations they had and how they ? rst experienced the immigration. The data consists of 48 in-depth interviews. The starting point for the two groups was different and unequal; furthermore, the time of migration played a crucial role in the formation of their experiences. The majority of the Finnish women interviewed migrated in the 21st century, mostly for family or career reasons. Their expectations were rather negative and their main experiences were related to their roles: following a husband or creating their own careers. Most Estonians migrated to Finland in the early or mid-1990s, when the societal situation was very unstable and many wanted to leave the country to look for a better life. However, they ? rst found life in Finland challenging.
First Birth in Russia: Everyone does It - Young
Authors: Kesseli Katja
Published: June 2020

Until the early 1990s, the common characteristics of Russian fertility were early and almost universal marriage and childbearing. In this article I examine the impact of cohort on first birth. I follow Russian women (based on self-reported ethnicity) born between 1930 and 1986 by applying event history techniques to the Russian Generation and Gender Survey (GSS). The results show that first birth took place earlier in womens lives cohorts born from the 1930s to the 1960s cohort. Among younger women, the trend is opposite, but it is too early to speak of a strong postponement effect. Differences in first-birth risk between cohorts are due to differences in marriage and cohabitation patterns.
Fertility Concern in Finland and Russia: Economic Thinking and Ideal Family Size in the Rhetoric of Population Policies
Authors: Isola Anna-Maria
Published: June 2020

This article deals with fertility concern in Russian and Finnish population policies. The article points out that some commonly known discourses are persistently used as arguments in fertility-related population policies. In Finland, these include, for instance, discourses on ageing nation and economic competitiveness. Russian policymakers use a crisis discourse that consists of three sub-discourses: demographic crisis, reproductive health in crisis and family crisis. The Russian government implements pronatalist population policies, whereas Finnish authorities hesitate to use the term population policy because of its emphasis on reproductive rights on the one hand, and the negative associations of population policy on the other. Russia has both population and family programs, as well as a new law with a speci? cally pronatalist emphasis. Conversely, Finland uses family policy as a tool of population policy.
Gestão de Stakeholders: Estado da Arte e Perspectivas
Authors: Mascena Keysa Manuela Cunha de , Stocker Fabricio
Published: June 2020

Objetivo:  a pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama dos estudos sobre gestão de stakeholders, revisando os principais modelos e proposições teóricas e investigando os fenômenos abordados nos artigos empíricos da temática.Método: Empreendeu-se um levantamento bibliométrico e análise sociométrica das publicações internacionais e nacionais relacionadas ao tema entre 1980 e 2019.Originalidade/Relevância: a abordagem de stakeholders tem se desenvolvido nos últimos anos e sua aplicação está cada vez mais presente em diversas áreas de gestão, tendo uma forte interlocução nas questões emergentes da sociedade. Este estudo tem uma relevância acadêmica ao avançar na disseminação do conhecimento atual da teoria de stakeholders integrando aos estudos empíricos da temática.Resultados: os resultados foram discutidos de modo a analisar: as variáveis relacionadas à gestão de stakeholders; os modelos de gestão de stakeholders aplicados nos estudos empíricos; os principais resultados nos estudos sobre conflito de interesses de stakeholders; e discussões sobre a influência e pressões dos stakeholders.Contribuições teóricas: a contribuição da pesquisa consiste na elaboração de um panorama da gestão de stakeholders, apresentando as principais contribuições teóricas e empíricas, e as dimensões para perspectivas estudos futuros, sendo: i) criação, cocriação e distribuição de valor; ii) cooperação, envolvimento e engajamento de stakeholders; iii) influência da gestão de stakeholders no desempenho; e iv) networks, relacionamentos e influência de múltiplos stakeholders.
Diklat Relawan Anti Narkoba sebagai Partisipasi dalam Pemberantasan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba
Authors: Kurniawan Irwan , Mulyanto Rudi , Marwiyah Marwiyah
Published: June 2020

Narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang telah lama menjadi keprihatinan kita semua. Jumlah penyalahguna dan pengedar narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang semakin meningkat baik dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitasnya. Pengguna narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang tidak memandang status ekonomi, wilayah tempat tinggal, profesi dan usia, bahkan terdapat kecenderungan pengguna narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang semakin meluas di kalangan generasi muda. Tentu hal ini menjadi keprihatinan seluruh masyarakat. Pemberantasan penyalahgunaan dan peredaran narkotika, selain wajib menjadi program prioritas bagi pemerintah, penting juga bagi menumbuhkan partisipasi masyarakat. Salah satunya mengakomodasi keinginan masyarakat untuk berperan serta menjadi relawan anti penyalahgunaan narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang atau narkoba. Relawan anti narkoba diharapkan mampu menjadi agen perubahan (agent of change) yang mampu menggerakkan partisipasi aktif seluruh komponen masyarakat. Salah satunya melalui Pendidikan dan Latihan (Diklat). Pendidikan dan Latihan (Diklat) Dasar Relawan Narkoba yang diselenggarakan oleh Lembaga Rehabilitasi Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan Narkotika (LRPPN) Bhayangkara Indonesia Kabupaten Banyuwangi, berkolaborasi dengan Klinik Dokter Didik Sulasmono (KDS), Lembaga Aliansi Indonesia (LAI), Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Banyuwangi (UNTAG BANYUWANGI). Kegiatan Diklat diharapkan mampu menghasilkan relawan yang menjadi garda terdepan dalam pencegahan, pemberantasan dan penyebaran informasi terhadap bahaya narkoba.
Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Budaya: Culturally Responsive Transformative Teaching (CRTT)
Authors: Rahmawati Yuli , Ridwan Achmad , Agustin Mega Ayu
Published: June 2020

Artikel ini merupakan hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kompetensi guru dalam pembelajaran berbasis budaya yaitu Culturally Responsive  Transformative Teaching (CRTT). Workshop ini dapat menjadi salah satu solusi yang dapat membantu guru dalam menjawab tantangan yang diberikan oleh kurikulum 2013, terkait pengembangan nilai-nilai karakter dan budaya. Pelaksanan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan di dua sekolah islam terpadu di Banten yaitu di Sekolah Islam Terpadu Bina Insani dan SDIT Ibadurrahman. Jumlah guru yang terlibat  sebanyak 58 guru, Sekolah Islam Terpadu Bina Insani (37 orang) dan SDIT Ibadurrahman sebanyak (21 orang). Kegiatan workshop dilaksanakan dalam empat tahap, yaitu pemberian framework, integrasi budaya dalam mata pelajaran yang diampu, perancangan pembelajaran, dan presentasi hasil. Model pembelajaran dengan pendekatan CRTT diterapkan dengan lima tahapan yaitu self identification, cultural understanding, collaboration, critical reflections, transformative construction. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan  wawancara informal dan reflektif jurnal.  Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis tema dan dipresentasikan sesuai pendapat guru secara deskripsi dan naratif. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan guru dapat melakukan integrasi budaya Banten dalam berbagai mata pelajaran serta merencanakan pembelajaran. Di samping itu, kegiatan workhop telah mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis, bekerja sama, dan rasa ingin tahu.  Model pembelajaran dapat membantu guru dalam pengembangan identitas budaya dan karakter yang sejalan dengan kurikulum.
Efektivitas Penyampaian Informasi Kesehatan untuk Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Melalui Exercise Speaking Health
Authors: Lestari Silaban Evi Maria , Amri Zul
Published: June 2020

Isu yang diangkat adalah belum efektifnya keterampilan komunikasi mahasiswa sarjana terapan promosi kesehatan dalam penyampaian informasi kesehatan dari sisi kepercayaan diri, sasaran dan penggunaan bahasa di Jurusan Promosi Kesehatan Kemenkes Padang. Berdasarkan isu tersebut penulis mengangkat judul “Efektivitas Penyampaian Informasi Kesehatan untuk meningkatan kepercayaan diri melalui Exercise Speaking Health”. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari 1) Melakukan koordinasi dengan pimpinan Perguruan Tinggi; 2) Melakukan Penyusunan Bahan Sosialisasi; 3) Persiapan Sosialisasi Exercise; 4) Kegiatan Sosialisasi Exercise; 5) Pelaksanaan Exercise Speaking Health; 6) Melakukan Assesment; 7) Melakukan Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Edukasi. Kegiatan Exercise Speaking Health merupakan Pemberian latihan untuk mengefektifkan penyampaian informasi kesehatan guna meningkatkan kepercayaan diri melalui exercise speaking health di kelas bagi mahasiswa Sarjana Terapan Promosi Kesehatan yang telah terlaksana dengan baik. Evaluasi pelaksanaan edukasi ini dilaksanakan melalui pre-post test dan praktik berkomunikasi sebnayak 3 kali. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan dari setiap tahap praktik berkomunikasi yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa, perubahan cara berkomunikasi dari yang belum efektif menjadi efektif dimulai dari praktik yang pertama sampai praktik ketiga. Cara berkomunikasi yang baik dapat menjadi sarana penyampaian pesan kepada masyarakat, ketika mahasiswa melakukan tugasnya sebagai seorang promotor kesehatan.
PERSEPSI KONSUMEN TERHADAP FLASH SALE BELANJA ONLINE DAN PENGARUHNYA PADA KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN
Authors: Devica Sadana
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi konsumen terhadap program promosi dalam bentuk flash sale dan bagaimana pengaruhnya tehadap keputusan pembelian. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 145 orang responden, sedangkan untuk teknik analisis data menggunakan confirmatory factor analysi (CFA) dan analisis regresi. Terdapat tujuh indikator persepsi konsumen yang diteliti, meliputi flash sale belanja online merupakan kesepakatan harga yang sangat menguntungkan konsumen, flash sale belanja online benar-benar menawarkan harga produk yang murah, produk yang ditawarkan pada saat flash sale belanja online tetap lebih murah meskipun di toko/ritel juga menawarkan promosi harga diskon, produk yang ditawarkan pada saat flash sale belanja online merupakan produk yang berkualitas, produk yang ditawarkan pada saat flash sale belanja online sangat beragam (bervariasi), berbelanja secara online pada saat flash sale sangat aman (dari aspek keaslian produk, metode pembayaran dan proses pengiriman), dan berbelanja secara online pada saat flash sale sangat mudah dan praktis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi konsumen berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Bahkan terkadang konsumen juga melakukan pembelian tanpa perencanaan terlebih dahulu (impulse buying) ketika mereka mengetahui terdapat promo flash sale.
COVID-19 Review: An Epidemiological Perspective and Malaysian Scenario in Handling the Pandemic (January – May 2020)
Authors: Azhar Zahir Izuan , Chen Xin Wee , Mohamad Mariam , Ahmad Saman Mohd Shahril , Isa Mohamad Rodi , Ismail Nurhuda
Published: June 2020

The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought much fear and anxiety worldwide due to the rapid transmission rate and mortality. The exponential surge of COVID- 19 cases need to be addressed aggressively to flatten the epidemic curve. This review aims to describe the COVID-19 disease epidemiology and disease transmission, response actions taken by the authorities to control this pandemic and risk communication strategies in Malaysia. A literature search via the ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases of published articles and official statements from the Ministry of Health, Malaysia from December 2019 to May 2020 was conducted. The first wave of COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia started in late January involving 22 cases but the second wave involved more cases due to the massive religious gathering that occurred in late February. Malaysia implemented the Movement Control Order (MCO) on 18th March 2020 and other well-coordinated response action plans to prevent community transmission. The reproduction number (R0) was successfully reduced from 3.6 to 0.3 due to the MCO. Malaysia’s risk communication strategies that include daily press conference by the Director General of Health and dissemination of information through nationaltelevision and social media, played a crucial role in dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak. In conclusion, effective response actions and mitigation plans, should be the main priorities to combat this pandemic. The immediate direction will need to be focused on development of vaccines for COVID-19. Future research should study the origin of the virus in animals and the role of comorbidities contributing to poorer prognosis.
Identifying Electrocardiogram Pattern Changes and Their Association with Echocardiography among Malaysian Footballers Attending PreParticipation Evaluation
Authors: Ariffin Farnaza , Khir Rizmy Najme , Mohamed Yassin Mohamed Syarif , Baharudin Noorhida , Ismail Ilham Ameera , Abdul Hamid Hasidah , Abd Halim Haizlene
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Sudden cardiac death is the most common medical cause of death in athletes. The aim of this study was to identify the electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern changes and its association with echocardiography among Malaysian footballers during a pre-participation evaluation (PPE). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on footballers attending a PPE at a primary care centre. Secondary data collection was conducted and the proforma included clinical history, physical examination, ECG, Echocardiogram and cardiovascular riskfactors assessment such as heart rate, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and creatinine. Data were extracted from the medical records, echocardiogram report and the original ECG. The ECG patterns were analysed according to the International consensus for ECG interpretation in athletes to determine physiological versus pathological changes. The data was analysed using SPSS v24. Results: This study included 85 male Malaysian footballers with a mean age of 20.1 ± 3.0 years. The mean resting heart rate was 55.2 ± 9.3beats per minute. Abnormal ECG changes were found in 20% of the participants, which were higher compared to that reported in other studies (14% – 17.3%). The normal ECG findings in athletes were sinus bradycardia (76.5%), J-point elevation (68.2%), prolonged PR interval (3.5%) and incomplete right bundle branch block (4.7%). The abnormal ECG changes were multiple T wave inversions (5.9%), hypertrophy (2.4%), and deep Q-waves (8.2%). Four abnormal ECGs were consistent with abnormal echocardiography findings and out of these,two ECGs with hypertrophic changes were consistent with mild inter atrial septal bulging and apical hypertrophy. Conclusions: Malaysian footballers have ECG changes that are consistent with physiological changes in athlete’s heart. The positive association between ECG and Echocardiogram findings are useful in confirming pathological ECG changes. Physicians should be trained in PPE protocol and ECG interpretation in athletes in order to improve identification of those at risk of sudden cardiac death.
Brevísimo repaso al debate contemporáneo del no-miracles argument en el realismo científico.
Authors: González Ramírez Yulfren Jhonattan
Published: June 2020

La filosofía como madre de todas las disciplinas, reflexiona ante los acontecimientos que suceden alrededor del ser humano, la filosofía de la ciencia, por su parte, trata la relación entre el ethos científico y su conocimiento. Las teorías científicas permiten al hombre (antropológicamente entendido) entender los fenómenos a los cuales estamos expuestos y dan validez a los argumentos que más se acerquen a la realidad de los hechos. Este trabajo hace una revisión a la polémica surgida entre realistas y anti-realistas sobre el “argumento del milagro” (no-miracles argument, en inglés) planteado por Hilary Putman.
A Family of Landowner Peasants in the St. Petersburg Province of the mid 19th Century (according to Confessional Murals of Tsarskoye Selo Uyezd)
Authors: Markova M. A.
Published: June 2020

The rural family of the St. Petersburg province of the mid-19th century is discussed in the article. The structural features, number of people, number of children, the position of widows and widowers in the households of the landowners’ peasants of Tsarskoye Selo Uyezd according to the confession list of 1855 are examined. The scientific novelty of the work is that in the course of the study archival sources, first introduced into scientific circulation, were brought in. It is shown that the average size of the peasant household was 6.5 people, household with 1-2 children aged 0 to 14 years accounted for 61 % of the total number, the share of simple families was 41 %, complex families - 44 %. The results of a comparative analysis of the difference in the age of the spouses, carried out according to the materials of the 1st half of the 18th - the middle of the 19th centuries, are presented, the changes in the mating behavior of the peasants that have occurred over this period are revealed. The author conclude that it is necessary to study the peasant family of the St. Petersburg province based on materials from the second half of the 19th century, which will allow us to analyze the changes in the demographics of the rural population that have occurred under the influence of reforms, and will also expand the possibilities of studying the situation in this region several decades before them.
Infantilism of the People as the Theme of the Essay on the Prose of Writers-Populists
Authors: Dyachuk T. V.
Published: June 2020

The essays of populist writers (G. I. Uspensky, N. N. Zlatovratsky, F. D. Nefedov, N. E. Karonin-Petropavlovsky) are explored in the article in the aspect of the theme of childhood for the first time. It is argued that in populist prose, peasant children were most often portrayed as doomed to death. Narodnik writers emphasized the attitude of the peasants themselves towards the infantile death, while noting their social and moral infantilism. It is stated that in populist prose, peasant children were most often portrayed as doomed to death. Narodnik writers emphasized the attitude of the peasants themselves towards the infantile death, while noting their social and moral infantilism. The article analyzes the cycle of Uspensky “From the village diary”, in which the writer considered the problem of guilt and responsibility of the people for their actions. It is proved that the innocence of the peasant was identified by Uspensky with children's innocence. As demonstrated in this article, the entire responsibility for social evil committed among the people, the Narodnik writers was placed on the Russian intelligentsia. They were set the task of spiritual support and practical assistance to the peasantry in the anti-human conditions of capitalism. Thus, the theme of childhood in the Narodnik discourse had a complex sociocultural content, due to the idea of the people as a child undergoing a difficult stage of growing up.
Oriental Philosophical Systems and Work of Iris Murdoch (on the Example of the Novel “The Black Prince”)
Authors: Safiulina R. M.
Published: June 2020

The subject of study is the originality of the artistic vision of A. Murdoch, which involves in the plot of literary text, the collision and interweaving of various philosophical systems (existentialism, Marxism, Freudianism, neo-Catholicism, pragmatism). The main attention is paid to incorporating Eastern philosophical systems (Zen Buddhism, Sufism) into the work of the writer. The example of the novel “The Black Prince” by A. Murdoch shows the complex interweaving of the life history of the heroes of the work with the philosophical reflections of the author about the laws of the universe, world live order, God, man. The definitions of Zen Buddhism, Sufism, the Sufi Path, as well as the classification of “parking on the Path to the Almighty” are given. The results of a comparative analysis of the novel by A. Murdoch “The Black Prince” and the treatise “Mantiq-ut-tayr” by Sufi author F. Attar are presented. It is proved that Zen Buddhism and Sufism are implanted in the text of the Black Prince novel to create the effect of polyphony of opinions, voices as multidimensionality of being, ambiguity and insufficiency of one interpretation of human actions, as well as any phenomenon in being. An assumption is made about the proximity of the novel “The Black Prince” by A. Murdoch with the theory of Nassim Taleb’s “Black Swan”.
Peculiarities of Turkey’s Integration into the Chinese Initiative “One Belt - One Way”
Authors: Valiakhmetova G. N. , German M. A.
Published: June 2020

The evolution of bilateral relations between the PRC and the Republic of Turkey is examined in the context of the integration of the Turkish project “Central Corridor” into the Chinese initiative “One Belt, One Way” in 2013-2019. A set of factors was identified and analyzed that contributed to building a constructive dialogue between Beijing and Ankara on cooperation in the New Silk Road projects. The periodization of the political and diplomatic history of coordination of the Chinese and Turkish concepts of creating a single economic space in Eurasia is proposed; the characteristic of its main stages is presented, as well as the legal and institutional framework for the interaction of the two states formed during the negotiations. A review of the joint projects implemented by Turkey and China in the framework of the land and sea Silk Road projects has been completed. It is noted that their quantitative and qualitative parameters confirm the strategic nature of relations between China and Turkey. It is substantiated that the process of matching the integration models proposed by Beijing and Ankara for Eurasia is far from complete due to the presence of certain disagreements regarding the conditions and limits of bilateral cooperation, as well as due to the influence of adverse foreign policy factors.
Agriculture of Kuzbass Region in Early 1920s: Features of Development in Context of Agrarian Policy of RCP (b) and Consequences of Civil War
Authors: Karpinets A. Yu. , Leukhova M. G.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the characterization of the crisis in the agriculture of the Kuzbass region in the early 1920s. Moreover, they are analyzed in the context of the consequences of the revolution and civil war. The issues of the dynamics of sown areas and animal husbandry in this territory are considered. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the volumes and structure of the peasant plow and regional herd are presented. The question is raised about the correlation of natural, climatic and socio-political factors in the conditions of the agricultural crisis of the early 1920s. The novelty of the study is that for the first time based on the processing of statistics, the state and dynamics of the main agricultural sectors in the Kuzbass region (Kuzbass) in the specified period are presented. The relevance of the study is due to its scientific and social significance. The first is determined by the fact that this kind of research, based on the analysis of statistical data, is carried out for the first time. The second is connected with the need to draw attention to the problems of sustainable socio-economic development of rural territories at present.
Features of Conceptualization of Wine Drinking Situation in the Works of N. S. Leskov
Authors: Dimitrieva O. A.
Published: June 2020

The features of the presentation of the situation of drinking in the works of N. S. Leskov is discussed. It is noted that Bacchic vocabulary can perform various functions in the world of artwork. Firstly, it participates in the spatial organization of the work, “sets” the background for the development of events. Secondly, it performs a plot-modeling function, that is, forms a narrative canvas, is a key turning point of events. It is noted that, in addition to the utilitarian function, wine can be an indicator of social status, values, beliefs. The author sets a goal - to identify the features and characteristics of the names of alcohol, as well as the ethnocultural component of understanding the situation of wine drinking. Features of the name of alcohol are described: hapaks arising on the basis of compounding of the name of alcohol and consonant action or any of its characteristics; positive and negative descriptive names; transfer of the name of the alcohol to the situation and / or its result, etc. It is shown that an important feature of Leskov’s idiostyle is the representation of the Russian national character through the introduction of national customs and traditions, often presented against the background of the life characteristics of other nations, while the situation of wine drinking plays an important role in this case.
Cross-Cultural Communication: Its Asymmetry and Authenticity
Authors: Riabtseva N. K.
Published: June 2020

The paper analyses a cross-cultural asymmetry in scientific papers and their titles in Russian and in English, exposes most characteristic distinctions between authentic scientific paper titles in both languages and shows explicit incongruency between authentic paper titles in English and those literally translated from Russian, which often demonstrate cross-linguistic interference between Russian and English academic style. Special attention is payed to its reasons and the ways to overcoming it, as well as to discrepancies in Russian vs. English academic style predetermined by their different grammatical organization and culture-specific cognitive and communicative dominants in the interaction between the author and the reader. The extensive corpus-based empirical data for the carried out contrastive investigation covers authentic scientific paper titles in Russian, their published translations into English, and authentic scientific paper titles from leading international linguistic journals, published in English in 2018-2020 and indexed in Scopus. The overall corpus volume is 7800 titles.
Socio-Economic Results and Political Consequences of Privatization of 1990s for Russia and Saint Petersburg
Authors: Valov T. V.
Published: June 2020

The socio-economic results and political consequences of Russian privatization of the 1990s are examined. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that market reforms, including the privatization policy, significantly influenced all spheres of life in post-Soviet society, forming a social model of post-communist Russia. Accordingly, the study of this issue allows us to better understand not only the nature of one of the most fundamental historical transitions of the late XX century, but also the specifics of modern Russian society. The influence of economic reforms on social changes is analyzed, demographic shifts are considered, the transformation of the social structure of post-communist society is examined. The regional dimension is revealed on the example of St. Petersburg. The transformation of the social structure is examined in more detail on the example of individual social groups: workers, the rural population, the intelligentsia, the military, the political elite, oligarchs, and criminals. The relationship between the social and political consequences of privatization is analyzed. The research information base was composed of statistical sources, memoirs, transcripts of meetings of the State Duma, legislation, the press of Russia and St. Petersburg, audiovisual sources, opinion polls, and archival materials, including funds of the State Archive.
Major General Lev Yegorovich Nord as Governor of Ufa (1889-1894)
Authors: Kantimirova R. I.
Published: June 2020

The activity of the Ufa governor Lev Yegorovich Nord is considered. The scientific novelty of the study is that the activities of the governor are covered on the basis of an analysis of unpublished sources. The author shows that the efforts of the Ufa governor L. Ye. Nord and local authorities implemented a set of measures, most of which had a positive effect on the socio-economic development of the region. It is shown that much attention was paid to the land issue, the preservation of the natural wealth of the Southern Urals, the rights of Bashkir patriarchs to freely alienate their lands. The successful work of L. Ye. Nord in lean years of 1890-1891 is emphasized. The article describes social activities: providing an opportunity for the starving population to earn money for food, introducing quarantine in the province in connection with the cholera epidemic, in particular the isolation of patients in specially designated barracks. It is reported that with the assistance of the governor, a highway was laid, the construction of an elevator in Ufa and a grain barn in Davlekanovo was started. The author comes to the conclusion that the activity of the Ufa governor was aimed exclusively at the good of the Fatherland, brought great benefits to the region, which caused respect for his contemporaries.
Polar Agriculture in the Yamal-Nenets National District during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Kozelchuk T. V. , Ryabkova O. V.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the history of the development of polar agriculture in the Yamal-Nenets National District during the Great Patriotic War. The questions of the dynamics of expansion of the sown areas of open and protected ground in the specified territory are considered. Based on the analysis of documents preserved in the state archives of the Russian Federation, detailed information on the development and use of sown areas is provided, in particular, the volumes of cultivated and manufactured products are indicated. Attention is paid to the development of collective and individual truck farming in the Yamal-Nenets okrug during the war years. The question is raised about the role of collective farms in the development of polar agriculture in the okrug, in particular, data on collective farms which areas were engaged in crop production are provided. The novelty of the study is seen in the attraction of new historical sources, allowing to enter into scientific circulation data that help to systematize and detail information on the development of polar agriculture in the Yamal-Nenets okrug during the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of the study is due to the scientific and social significance of the works devoted to the development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation in significant periods of Russian history. The authors conclude that during the war years in the district there was a leap in the development of the industry.
Combinatorial-Semantic Analysis of Collocations as a Method of Linguistic Research (on the Example of Colour Collocations Formed by an Adjective Type)
Authors: Vlavatskaya M. V.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the application of the method of complex semantic-syntagmatic analysis of collocations, or combinatorially determined lexical and phraseological units, characterized by structural-semantic integrity and having functional, idio-ethnic and other limitations. The relevance of the work is due to the importance of their study as universal units inherent in all natural languages. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the advisability of using the method of complex analysis of collocations and with its help to identify the semantic, functional, syntagmatic mechanisms of their formation, as well as to discover the universal and specific characteristics of these units. The method is developed in the framework of combinatorial lexicology, studying the linear relations of words and their combinatorial potential. The novelty of the study is in the development of a detailed analysis technique, with the help of which it will be possible to detect the mechanisms of formation of various collocations. The material for study was colour collocations, which are created by the adjective type. An algorithm for performing complex analysis is presented, and the procedure for its implementation is demonstrated. Particular attention is paid to the semantic and combinatorial-syntagmatic blocks as the most important aspects of the study of the compatibility of lexemes in the framework of the combinatorial science of words.
Missionary Activity of Russian Orthodox Church in the Second Half of the XIX - Early XX Centuries (Vyatka province)
Authors: Nemchaninova E. N. , Polovnikova M. Yu.
Published: June 2020

The study is devoted to the analysis of the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries in the context of the history of church-state relations of the period. An attempt is made to classify the key problems of missionary activity based on an analysis of its leading areas using a regional approach. Based on archival documents (primarily the reports of Vyatka bishops and governors), the main problems of the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church in the vast Vyatka province, which is one of the largest in empire in terms of population are analyzed in the paper. The authors proceed from the position that the organization of missionary activity was an important element in ensuring the unity of the state in the period under review, and in this regard consolidated the interests of secular and spiritual authorities both at the central and regional levels. The range and content of the problems of missionary activity, according to the authors, were largely determined by the specifics of the national and confessional composition of the population of the region, the nature of its settlement, as well as unique models of church-state relations that developed at the local level.
Discovering the Arctic: Socio-Humanitarian Studies of USSR Academy of Sciences in Northern Regions of Yakutia in 1980s-1991s
Authors: Suleymanov A. A.
Published: June 2020

A pioneering attempt in historiography presents a scientific analysis of socio-humanitarian research carried out by employees of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Arctic regions of Yakutia during 1980-1991. Archival materials identified by the author, as well as data from the scientific literature were used for the preparation of the article. The work carried out allowed us to present a characteristic of the development by scientists of a complex of sociocultural, economic, archaeological, historical and anthropological, linguistic and folklore issues. In this regard, the geography of the research is shown, their key actors and main directions are identified. At the same time, an analysis of the most important provisions developed by the participants of the considered research initiatives was carried out. It was established that in the mentioned period, on the one hand, the research was continued, which had been successfully carried out earlier in the Polar Yakutia, and on the other hand, new research trends were making their way. Their stipulation is proved by the development of scientific knowledge and the changing socio-political situation in the Soviet Union. It is concluded that, as a result, interdisciplinary research has been developed, including the widespread use of the natural science arsenal, as well as a clear shift in the paradigm regarding the assessment of Soviet transformations for the destiny of the indigenous peoples of the North.
Consistency of Term star: a Statistical Analysis of the Productive Types of System Relations with Related Terminological Units
Authors: Latu M. N. , Levit A. A.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the term as a system unit in its interconnections with contiguous linguistic facts on the example of semantic relations existing in the term star in the field of scientific knowledge “astrophysics”. The study is based on an analysis of the systemic correlation of units in the field of astrophysics. The authors focus on terms representing various categories of concepts in accordance with the nature of the referents they represent. The most and least productive semantic relations are established and analyzed with related first-order terms presented in the definition and second-order terms, the relations with which are represented in the texts of scientific publications outside of the definitions. The categorical pertaining of related terms with which the term star has a systemic relationship is also determined in the study. Using a statistical analysis of a selection of terms in the field of “astrophysics”, we found that the most productive semantic relationships for them are relationships such as generic, attribution, and “part-whole”.