bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prácticas investigativas en Terapia Ocupacional, una mirada transversal de la ocupación
Authors: Yarce Pinzón Eunice
Published: June 2021

Este libro, compilado por las docentes investigadoras del grupo BIOH del programa de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Mariana, reúne una serie de investigaciones estudiantiles realizadas en el periodo 2017 - 2019, las cuales fueron seleccionadas por abordar temáticas y metodologías novedosas. La formación para la investigación en la Universidad Mariana es fundamental, por cuanto permite al educando desarrollar las competencias investigativas para recopilar e interpretar información, fundamentar conclusiones y reflexionar sobre temas sociales, pedagógicos, científicos y bioéticos en su quehacer disciplinar, en este caso, desde la terapia ocupacional (T.O.). En este libro encontrarán investigaciones de corte cuantitativo y cualitativo, este último de manera novedosa, teniendo en cuenta que han sido escasos los estudios de este tipo en el programa de T.O. de la Universidad Mariana, que abordan temáticas sociales relacionadas con el desplazamiento forzado, la adicción de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) y la discapacidad. Por otra parte, se muestra estudios que abordan modelos propios de la T.O., como el Modelo de la Ocupación Humana (MOHO), el Modelo de la Capacidad Creativa y, también, otros que, si bien no son disciplinares, dan aportes metodológicos y teóricos para el desarrollo de la profesión, desde la atención a la infancia y la pedagogía. Generar este tipo de publicaciones, además de transmitir nuevo conocimiento, sirve como estrategia de motivación para que los estudiantes se interesen en la investigación y vislumbren el impacto que puede tener alcanzar niveles escriturales para la publicación científica, como parte de la visibilidad del quehacer profesional.
Mindfulness en la Escuela Programa de entrenamiento en mindfulness para niños de 8 a 12 años
Authors: Vásquez Arteaga Érika Alexandra
Published: June 2021

El concepto mindfulness no tiene una traducción exacta al español. Su significado está próximo a las expresiones: atención plena, presencia mental, plena consciencia y conciencia abierta (Almansa et al., 2014). Por su parte, Kabat Zinn (1990) define al mindfulness como la capacidad inherente del ser humano de ser consciente plenamente del momento presente. Se ha reconocido que esta técnica permite “incrementar la conciencia y responder hábilmente a los procesos mentales que contribuyen al distrés emocional y al comportamiento desadaptativo” (Parra, Montañés, Montañés y Bartolomé, 2012, p.30). Es así como, desde que Jon Kabat-Zinn introdujo la práctica del mindfulness en la medicina occidental en los años 70, se han realizado alrededor del mundo importantes estudios que evidencian sus bondades en el proceso educativo. Estos beneficios se pueden agrupar en tres áreas (Shapiro, Brown y Astin, 2011): a) Rendimiento académico. Tiene efectos positivos sobre determinadas habilidades cognitivas como la de concentrar la atención sobre tareas específicas y el procesamiento más rápido y eficaz de la información. b) Salud mental y bienestar psicológico. Desde el inicio de su aplicación se ha demostrado su efectividad en la reducción de los niveles de ansiedad, estrés y depresión. En la escuela, estos efectos se presentan tanto en estudiantes como en profesores. c) Desarrollo integral y holístico de la persona. Se ha establecido que el mindfulness propicia la creatividad, las relaciones sociales positivas, la compasión y la empatía, lo que aporta para generar una educación equilibrada, en donde además de las habilidades académicas, los niños aprenden habilidades individuales y sociales.
Estrés Cotidiano Infantil y Mindfulness en la Escuela
Authors: Vásquez Arteaga Érika Alexandra
Published: June 2021

El vocablo ‘estrés’, etimológicamente tiene su origen en el término inglés stress, que significa ‘tensión’ o ‘presión’ y ha sido utilizado para describir una gran variedad de estados patológicos, lo que lo ha convertido en un concepto demasiado amplio y ambiguo. En este sentido, el estrés se puede entender como una “sobrecarga de tensión generada por situaciones agobiantes o presiones intensas” (Martínez-Otero, 2012, p. 1). También se puede hablar de una respuesta biológica o psicológica ante los estresores que devienen de las exigencias del entorno, propias de cada momento del desarrollo humano (Orlandini, 2008). Es importante mencionar que, en el presente estudio, el estrés ha sido entendido desde la concepción de estímulo; es decir, a la exposición a circunstancias o acontecimientos externos designados como estresores, que se constituyen como sucesos generadores de sobrecargas y respuestas biológicas y psicológicas adversas (Trianes, Blanca, Fernández-Baena, Escobar y Maldonado, 2011). Dichos estresores se clasifican en: “acontecimientos vitales, crónicos y cotidianos” (Trianes, Blanca, Fernández, Escobar y Maldonado, 2012, p. 30). Así, la dirección de las investigaciones, ha dado importancia a “los acontecimientos diarios o sucesos cotidianos que podrían predecir el estrés, tanto o más que las cuestiones extraordinarias” (Oros y Vogel, 2005, p. 87). De ahí que, este trabajo se encaminó al estudio del estrés de tipo cotidiano en la etapa infantil, el cual está integrado por reacciones a nivel biológico y psicológico que son generadas por ciertas “demandas frustrantes e irritantes que se producen en la interacción diaria con el entorno” (Trianes, Blanca, Fernández-Baena, Escobar y Maldonado, 2014, p. 32), que no son susceptibles de control por parte del niño, y que alteran su equilibrio general. Hay que decir que, las consecuencias del estrés en los más pequeños son múltiples, en especial cuando el problema es crónico (Ruiz Lázaro, 2016) y que no son únicamente a largo plazo (en la adolescencia y la edad adulta), sino que repercuten en la salud y en el bienestar de los niños, casi de manera inmediata (Pérez-Padilla y Menéndez, 2016; Quijada, 2013; Orlandini, 2012).
Robotic Parking Technology for Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Control Around Park & Rides
Authors: Yoozbashizadeh Mahdi , Golshani Forouzan
Published: June 2021

A lack or limited availability for parking may have multiple consequences, not the least of which is driver frustration, congestion, and air pollution. However, there is a greater problem that is not widely recognized by the public, namely the negative effect on the use of transit systems due to insufficient parking spaces close to key transit stations. Automated parking management systems, which have been successfully deployed in several European and Japanese cities, can manage parking needs at transit stations more effectively than other alternatives. Numerous studies have confirmed that quick and convenient automobile access to park-and-ride lots can be essential to making public transit competitive with the automobile in suburban areas. Automated parking systems use a robotic platform that carries each vehicle to one of the locations in a custom designed structure. Each location is designed compactly so that considerably more vehicles can be parked in the automated garages than the traditional parking lots. Central to the design of these systems are three key technologies, namely: 1. Mechanical design and the operation of vehicle transfer, i.e., the robotic platform 2. Structural and architectural requirements to meet safety and earthquake standards, among other design imperatives, 3. Automation and intelligent control issues as related to the overall operation and system engineering. This article concerns the first technology, and more specifically the design of the robotic platform for vehicle transfers. We will outline the overall design of the robot and the shuttle, followed by a description of the prototype that was developed in our laboratories. Subsequently, performance related issues and scalability of the current design will be analyzed.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES AS THE MAIN FACTOR OF REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: Sartova S.B. , Nurbayeva G.E. , Bayandina G.D. , Khasenova S.M.
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the competition as the engine of economic development and, consequently, has an impact on all subjects of economic activities. In the modern science, regions are also considered as the participants in the competitive relations. Improving their competitiveness requires the development of the effective regional projects and programmes, based on successful monitoring and evaluation tools. Human resource management for the development of the regions and their competitive advantages is the strategic task of the regional policy. The role of the human resources in the process of forming the region’s competitiveness is quite high. In the modern post-industrial economy, the main criterion for the region’s competitiveness is the human resources as the key to the development of each territory. Analyzing the competitiveness of the territory, the assessment of the human resources is quite necessary component. At the same time, it is quite difficult to objectively assess the human resources, which are the main factor of the regional competitiveness is relevant. The purpose of the research is the comprehensive study of the modern approaches to the assessment of the human resources as the main factor of the regional competitiveness and the development of effective diagnostic tools in this direction.
DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDINGS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF COMMERCIAL DAIRY FARMS
Authors: Semenov V.G. , Baimukanov A.D. , Alentayev A.S. , Mudarisov R.M. , Karynbayev A.K.
Published: June 2021

This work aims to identify the level of productivity of Holstein cows of different breedings. The experimental studies were performed using purebred Holstein animals imported from Germany, Hungary, and Finland. When studying the exterior-constitutional features of livestock raised on the farm, it was found that Holstein cows as a whole were characterized by a relatively strong constitution, a proportionally developed and slightly elongated body with average live weight, deep chests with well-defined milk veins, glandular and properly attached bath-like and cup-shaped udder, with an average intensity of milk yield (2.12-2.4 kg/min). According to the expressiveness of dairy forms, the best indicators were for animals of Hungarian breeding with the linear affiliation of Reflection Sovering, and in cows of German and Finnish breedings - Montwik Chieftain. A study of the dairy productivity of cows showed that the greatest milk yield over 305 days for three lactations, depending on the linear affiliation, was for Hungarian cows: during the 1st lactation - 6465.9- 6951.2 kg, the 2nd lactation - 7463.5-7706.2 kg, according to the 3rd lactation - 8254.2-8297.7 kg of milk. A comparative evaluation of the dairy production of cows showed that the highest dairy productivity was noted in cows of the Reflection Sovering line. Thus, the average milk yield in cows of this line in the first three lactations was higher than in analogs of the Finnish breeding by 885 kg (13.02%) and German one - by 892 kg or 13.1% (P<0.05), Vis Beck Ideal by 444.5 kg (6.2%) and 807 kg or 12.0% (P<0.01) respectively. The animals of the Montwik Chieftain line of the Hungarian breeding exceeded in the milk yield of the German cows by 176.5 kg (2.4%) and the Finnish cows by 238.2 kg or 3.3%. Indicators of the coefficient of variation in milk yield show that the herd of Holstein cows in the first and third lactations is very heterogeneous. According to the second lactation, the representatives of the Vis Beck Ideal line of the German selection and the Montwik. It was established that in the coefficient of consistency of lactation, cows of German breeding exceeded the analogs of the Finnish and Hungarian breedings by 4.7 and 6.7%, respectively. Herewith, in the Hungarian cows, the lactation full value indicator was higher by 18.3% and 1%, which indicates higher stability of milk yield of cows of this group for the entire lactation. In such a way, our analysis of the morphofunctional properties of the udder showed that the investigated groups of animals correspond to the technological requirements for industrial keeping technology and organizing machine milking.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOFUELS WITH A FEEDSTOCK FUEL COMPLEX.
Authors: Shamuratova N.B. , Baitilenova Y.S. , Narenova A.N. , Nazikova Zh.A. , Kamerova A.A.
Published: June 2021

Biofuels are viewed as a possible fuel of the future. Concerning energy for cars there is intense “competition” stemming from electricity and rising in popularity due to modern research is also hydrogen. In general, biofuels are nowadays strongly supported in the European Union as well as in the United States of America and many other regions of the world. Active management in the oil and gas industry needs to take in account knowledge not only about fossil fuels but also various types of alternative fuels like biofuels. This thesis goal is to analyze the economics of producing Bio-Crude oil from a plant called Jatrophae curcadis, (or also known as “purging nut”). It is nowadays growing around subtropical regions of the North American continent, especially in Mexico, and southern Asia, and with lower yield can grow even in arid wastelands of Central Asia (in arid Mali it is grown to hold wildlife from plants). It is the very undemanding plant so the biofuel produced from it can be very cheap compared to other biofuels. The oil produced from this plant is not being traded on commodities markets yet but is viewed as biofuel of the future as currently sold soybean oil and palm oil are according to my analysis more expensive in many areas of the world. Production of the plant seeds (nuts) when pressed leads to bio-crude oil which can be processed to biocrude. Economic analysis showed that given irrigation and good genetic selection of the plants to give higher production of seeds (price of the kg would be determining factor), the biocrude produced from the seeds has the potential to successfully compete with alternative fuels made from soybean or palm oils.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RETURN AND VOLATILITY OF THE KAZAKH AND UKRAINIAN STOCK MARKET SUBJECT TO THE INVESTMENT TIME HORIZON
Authors: Zakharkin О.О. , Hrytsenko L.L. , Zakharkina L.S. , Myroshnychenko Iu.O.
Published: June 2021

The development of the state's economy is inconceivable without the revitalization of investment processes in the field of financial investment, which are based on operations in the stock market. Simultaneously, the financial investment is characterized by speculative risk, which involves the possibility of obtaining both income and losses from the tradable securities. Such risk creates volatility of financial markets, an indicator of which is the dynamics of changes in stock indices that reflect the value of share capital of the largest enterprises and financial institutions of the state. The analysis of the results of recent scientific work carried out in the paper has shown a significant interest among the world's leading financial scientists to the issue of assessing the volatility of stock markets, which becomes of particular relevance subject to the investment time horizon. The study revealed a strong linear direct correlation between the indices of the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE) and the Ukraine Stock Exchange (PFTS). The analysis of the impact of the investment time horizon on the indicators of return and volatility was carried out for the Kazakh and Ukrainian stock markets. As a result, it was determined that the stock markets of both countries are characterized by a significant level of volatility, which is offset by high return and tends to decrease with increasing investment horizon. Analysis of the return and risk ratio using the Sharpe Ratio demonstrated an increase in investment attractiveness with increasing investment horizon.
ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INCOME OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN CIVIL AND BUDGETARY LEGISLATION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors: Arabaev Ch.I. , Ryskulov Sh.D. , Zhylkichieva K.S.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes using the normative and systematic methods, as well as analysis and synthesis, the content of the statements of the Civil Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Budget Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Laws of the Kyrgyz Republic "On State and Municipal Services", "On Non-Profit Organizations", "On Basic Principles of Budget Law", Regulations "On Special Funds and Deposit Amounts of Institutions on the State Budget of the Kyrgyz Republic" 1998 and 2000, approved by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as other acts of this body and Model Civil Code of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as practice the application and improvement of these acts and the works of legal scholars, in addition, the judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Kyrgyz Republic related to the subject of the research was studied, the data of the Accounts Chamber of the Kyrgyz Republic on audit of annual republican budgets were analyzed. The article reveals essence of state institutions of the Kyrgyz Republic as legal entities, their role and significance, place in the system of non-profit organizations. Particular attention is paid to the trends in the theory of public legal entities. The authors conduct historical analysis of existence of the state institutions of the Kyrgyz Republic. The revenues of this institutions, ratio of the norms of civil and budgetary legislation in the regulation of activities of institutions, which generate income, are investigated, and importance of legislation on public services in the regulation of the provision of paid services is revealed. Importance of special funds as a source of profitable activity is considered. Comparative analysis of the norms of the budgetary and civil legislation governing activities of the state institutions with income has been carried out.
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STATE AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS
Authors: Akhmejanova G.B. , Mussabekova N.M. , Voronova T.E. , Shamshudinova G.T. , Avilkhan A.
Published: June 2021

This article attempts to comprehensively consider the social and legal nature of the relationship between the state and religious associations in the state, to determine their main constitutional ties, and to reveal the concept and content of the legal status of the religious associations. In this article, based on historical analysis, generalization, modeling, the study of the normative documents, regulating the public relations in this area, the development of the current state of the relations between the state and religious associations. Social science research in the religious studies area could be described as lacking many serious studies, regarding religious issues and relations between the state and religion. One explanation is inattention to the religious factors in public life for a long period of time. This inattention was displayed in political, social and judicial areas. Most studies twenty years ago were devoted to the explanations of the negative features of the religion or the disappearance of religion and state’s help. Today the spectrum of opinion on church-state relations is wider. The most popular point of view advocates the separation of state and church. The general opinion is that the state must be secular. The clericalization of the state and social life is considered as danger to the existing political and legal system. At the same time, some believe that religion must be under strict state control (so called, state-controlled religion). In this approach, state interests such as national security always dominate over the interests of religious organizations and believers.
MOVING TO A BIG CITY: INTERNAL MIGRATION PATTERNS IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Assanbayev M.В. , Kilybayev T.
Published: June 2021

The paper examines the nature of the internal migration in Kazakhstan and the effects this movement has had on urbanization of the country. The survived industry in the big cities, as well as economic and social advantages of the cities and ongoing deepening of the territorial division of labor force are characterized by the influx of the rural population to the major cities. What motivates people to move from the rural areas to the major cities sounds quite ordinary. Search for a job, need for a qualified medical care, cultural and educational potential of a big city. The dynamics of internal moves in the direction of major cities and its impact to urban infrastructure is clearly seen on the example of Almaty, which is the largest city of the country. In this regard, the authors revealed how the growth of Almaty agglomeration went through at the expense of its suburban areas and nearby rural settlements. The study has also identified the migrants’ coping and patterns of accommodation at the outskirts of Almaty.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT CONDITION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Azimkhan A. , Sartova R.B. , Bakpayeva А.К.
Published: June 2021

This article has the aim to explore the policy of supporting of small and medium-sized businesses. Over the years, the independent states have managed the problems of the economy. The contribution of small businesses to the economy, the replenishment of revenue items in budgets of the different levels, and the creation of new jobs have become one of the decisive factors of the development in the states. Small and medium-sized businesses significantly contribute to the formation of the competitive environment and the establishment of market balance. Currently, small and medium-sized businesses represent fairly powerful social stratum of the society, real and serious economic force. At the present stage, the relationship between business and government has acquired the special role, improving the technology of their interaction; the problem of self-organization of the business community is relevant today as it was only few years ago. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the fundamental link that determines the state level of development in order to ensure sustainable economic growth. This sector of the economy has huge potential for solving many problems of the economic growth of the state, such as undeveloped competition, inefficient use of material and non-material resources, dependence of the domestic demand on imports, unemployment, poverty, etc. Issues of SMEs development in the Republic of Kazakhstan are among the most important and highest state level.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERACTION OF THE NATIONAL FINANCIAL AND CREDIT SYSTEMS OF THE EAEU COUNTRIES
Authors: Bekbusinova G.K. , Baymbetova A.B. , Meldebekova А.D. , Zhakhmetova А.К. , Korzeb Zbigniew
Published: June 2021

The EAEU countries attach great importance to the integration interaction of financial and credit systems, since this can be considered as the creation of an accelerator for the development of financial relations between countries at a new economic level, when an effective redistribution mechanism of cash flows is formed, ensuring an increase in the investment development of countries. At the same time, a number of contradictions have developed in the formation of conditions for the integration of financial and credit systems, which is caused by differences in the system of institutional foundations for the functioning of national markets, as well as different levels of development of the markets themselves. The research carried out was based on a systematic approach to the problem under study. In the process of work, dialectical, abstract-logical, monographic, economic-mathematical, economic-statistical and other methods of economic research were used. Based on the methods of comparative analysis, the assessment of the development trends of the financial and credit systems of the EAEU countries was carried out, an assessment of the degree of their compatibility in the formation of a single financial market of the EAEU was given. To determine the factors influencing the process of integrating the financial markets of the EAEU countries, the study used a SWOT analysis, which made it possible not only to identify and evaluate the factors, but also to project their impact on the ongoing integration processes.
MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF MAMMARY TUMOR AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS IN CATS
Authors: Dyulger G.P. , Dyulger P.G. , Alikhanov O. , Latynina E.S. , Baimukanov D.A.
Published: June 2021

The paper provides an overview of the classification and diagnosis of feline mammary tumors (FMT) in cats. The clinical stage of neoplastic process is one of the driving prognostic factors. In accordance with the WHO recommendations 1980, it is determined by the TNM system: the size of neoplasm, the state of regional lymph nodes and the presence/absence of distant metastases. The clinical stage of the disease is defined based on the obtained data during the examination, surgery and study of the postoperative material (excised tumor, the edges of the resection and regional lymph nodes). It was found that tumors larger than 3 cm have a significantly worse prognosis than tumors smaller than 3 cm. The median survival with a tumor size of less than 3 cm is 1.75 times greater (21 months versus 12 months) than with a tumor size of more than 3 cm. The most significant morphological prognostic factor is the histological type of malignant tumor and the histological gradation of tumor tissue. Among carcinomas, the most invasive are micropapillary, solid and cribriform carcinomas, the most unaggressive is carcinoma in situ. Adverse prognostic factors of mammary cancer in cats are a high Ki67 index of proliferative activity, hyperexpression of Her-2 epidermal growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, absence or low level of expression of receptors to estrogen and/or progesterone by tumor cells (less than 10%), as well as a high level of expression by tumor cells of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor).
APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMNET OF CORPORATE MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Kazbekova L. , Utegenova K. , Bekesheva D. , Akhmetova A. , Kultanova N.
Published: June 2021

The present work describes the issues of evaluation of corporate management effictiveness in organizations. The research presents scientific and practical significance in solving the problem of instruments and methods selection for proper assessment of the corporate management effectiveness. Therefore, the necessity of its critical study and systematization is a topical task not only for the research community, but for practical workers – owners of companies and managers. The paper shows a review of the most spread methodical approaches to the assessment of corporate management effectiveness. These were analyzed in terms of managerial, economic, quantitative and qualitative methods. The advantages and disadvantages of every investigated group of methods are described, the decisive factors that could be used for choosing one approach or another to assessment of the corporative management effectiveness were determined. Along with this, it was revealed that in some cases the application of only one method is not enough due to the variety of tasks set by the companies. Following this point of view, the paper investigates the opportunities of combination of qualitative and quantitative methods of assessment of corporate management effectiveness by investigation and interpretation of the combined methods of assessment developed by other authors. The results of investigation allowed obtaining some private conclusions that provide recommendations on developing the models of assessment of corporate management effectiveness, particularly by the combined application of different methods and criteria of assessment. The practical relevance of the investigation results is in the opportunity of its application by companies while developing the Plans and Strategies of corporate development. The results of the conducted analysis of approaches to the assessment of the corporate management effectiveness will allow the managers to have systematized and scientifically justified information on investigation of factors and indicators influencing on the effectiveness of corporate management that will allow taking timely measures on risk management that can decrease the effective functioning of a company in whole.
Advanced techniques for estimation of the tensile fracture toughness of adhesive joints
Authors: R.D.S.G. Campilho  , M.D. Banea  , L.F.M. da Silva
Published: June 2021

Adhesive bonding has become more efficient in the last few decades due to the adhesives developments, granting higher strength and ductility. As a result, adhesives are being increasingly used in industries such as the automotive, aerospace and construction. Thus, it is highly important to predict the strength of bonded joints to assess the feasibility of joining during the fabrication process of components (e.g. due to complex geometries) or for repairing purposes. When using the Finite Element Method with advanced propagation laws, the tensile (Gnc) and shear (Gsc) fracture toughness of adhesive joints must be determined with accuracy. Several conventional methods to obtain Gnc and Gsc exist in the literature, mainly based on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). The J-integral technique is accurate to measure these parameters for adhesives with high ductility. In this work, the J-integral is used to obtain Gnc by the Double-Cantilever Beam (DCB) test. An optical measurement method is developed for the evaluation of the crack tip opening and adherends rotation at the crack tip during the test, supported by a Matlab® sub-routine for the automated extraction of these quantities. As output of this work, an optical method that allows an easier and quicker extraction of the parameters to obtain Gnc than the available methods is proposed (by the J-integral technique) and some results are presented regarding joints with different geometry and adherend material.
Fatigue crack propagation in short-fiber reinforced plastics
Authors: K. Tanaka  , K. Oharada  , D. Yamada  , K. Shimizu
Published: June 2021

The influence of fiber orientation on the crack propagation behavior was studied with single edgenotched specimens which were cut from an injection-molded plate of short-fiber reinforced plastics of polyphenylenesulphide (PPS) reinforced with 30wt% carbon fibers. Specimens were cut at five fiber angles relative to the molding direction, i.e. ??= 0° (MD), 22.5°, 45°, 67.5°, 90° (TD). Fracture mechanics parameters derived based on anisotropic elasticity were used as a crack driving force. Macroscopic crack propagation path was nearly perpendicular to the loading axis for the cases of MD and TD. For the other fiber angles, the crack path was inclined because the crack tended to propagate along inclined fibers. For mode I crack propagation in MD and TD, the resistance to crack propagation is improved by fiber reinforcement, when the rate is correlated to the range of stress intensity factor. The crack propagation rate, da/dN, was slowest for MD and fastest for TD. For each material, the crack propagation rate is higher for larger R ratio. The effect of R ratio on da/dN diminished in the relation between da/dN and the range of energy release rate, ?GI. Difference among MD, TD and matrix resin becomes small when da/dN correlated to a parameter corresponding the crack-tip radius, H?GI, where H is compliance parameter. Fatigue cracks propagated under mixed loading of mode I and II for the fiber angles other than 0° and 90°. The data of the crack propagation rate correlated to the range of total energy release rate, ?Gtotal, lie between the relations obtained for MD and TD. All data of crack propagation tend to merge a single relation when the rate is correlated to the range of total energy release rate divided by Young’s modulus.
Investigation of crack paths in natural fibre-reinforced composites
Authors: S. Keck  , M. Fulland
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, fibre-reinforced composite materials are widely used in many fields, e.g. automotive and aerospace. Natural fibres such as flax and hemp provide good density specific mechanical properties. Additionally, the embodied production energy in natural fibres is much smaller than in synthetic ones. Within this paper the fracture mechanical behaviour of flax fibre-reinforced composites is discussed. Especially, this paper focuses on the determination and investigation of crack paths in compact tension specimens with three different fibre directions under a static as well as fatigue load. Differences and similarities in the obtained crack paths under different loading conditions are presented. Due to the pronounced orthotropic behaviour of those materials the crack path is not only governed by the stress state, but practically determined by the fibre direction and fibre volume fraction. Therefore, the well-known stress intensity factor solutions for the standard specimens are not applicable. It is necessary to carry out extensive numerical simulations to evaluate the stress intensity factor evolution along the growing crack in order to be able to determine fatigue crack growth rate curves. Those numerical crack growth simulations are performed with the three-dimensional crack simulation program ADAPCRACK3D to gain energy release rates and in addition stress intensity factors.
Degenerated graphite nodules influence on fatigue crack paths in a ferritic ductile cast iron
Authors: Francesco Iacoviello  , Vittorio Di Cocco
Published: June 2021

Focusing on ferritic-pearlitic DCIs, these alloys are characterized by a microstructure that ranges from a fully ferritic to a completely pearlitic matrix, and they are widely used for many applications (e.g. wheels, gears, crankshafts in cars, exhaust manifolds, valves, flywheels, boxes bearings, hubs, shafts, valves, flanges, pipelines ...). Considering the graphite elements, their morphology can be considered as degenerated when its nodularity is too low and this can be due to different causes (e.g., a partially failed nodularization process or a wrong inoculant). In this work, a ferritic DCI with degenerated nodules was obtained by means of an annealing treatment and the fatigue crack propagation resistance was investigated by means of fatigue crack propagation tests performed according to ASTM E647, focusing on the influence of degenerated graphite nodules on the fatigue crack paths. This analysis was performed both analysing the crack path profile by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by means of a SEM fracture surfaces analysis.
Fatigue crack micromechanisms in a Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy with pseudo-elastic behavior
Authors: Vittorio Di Cocco  , Francesco Iacoviello  , Stefano Natali  , Andrea Brotzu
Published: June 2021

Shape memory property characterizes the behavior of many Ti based and Cu based alloys (SMAs). In Cu-Zn-Al SMAs, the original shape recovering is due to a bcc phase that is stable at high temperature. After an appropriate cooling process, this phase (?-phase or austenitic phase) transforms reversibly into a B2 structure (transition phase) and, after a further cooling process or a plastic deformation, it transforms into a DO3 phase (martensitic phase). In ?-Cu-Zn-Al SMAs, the martensitic transformation due to plastic deformation is not stable at room temperature: a high temperature “austenitization” process followed by a high speed cooling process allow to obtain a martensitic phase with a higher stability. In this work, a Cu-Zn-Al SMA in “as cast” conditions has been microstructurally and metallographically characterized by means of X-Ray diffraction and Light Optical Microscope (LOM) observations. Fatigue crack propagation resistance and damaging micromechanisms have been investigated corresponding to three different load ratios (R=0.10, 0.50 and 0.75).
Effect of corrosion and sandblasting on the high cycle fatigue behavior of reinforcing B500C steel bars
Authors: Marina C. Vasco  , Panagiota Polydoropoulou  , Apostolos N. Chamos  , Spiros G. Pantelakis
Published: June 2021

In a series of applications, steel reinforced concrete structures are subjected to fatigue loads during their service life, what in most cases happens in corrosive environments. Surface treatments have been proved to represent proper processes in order to improve both fatigue and corrosion resistances. In this work, the effect of corrosion and sandblasting on the high cycle fatigue behavior reinforcing steel bars is investigated. The investigated material is the reinforcing steel bar of technical class B500C, of nominal diameter of 12 mm. Steel bars specimens were first exposed to corrosion in alternate salt spray environment for 30 and 60 days and subjected to both tensile and fatigue tests. Then, a series of specimens were subjected to common sandblasting, corroded and mechanically tested. Metallographic investigation and corrosion damage evaluation regarding mass loss and martensitic area reduction were performed. Tensile tests were conducted after each corrosion exposure period prior to the fatigue tests. Fatigue tests were performed at a stress ratio, R, of 0.1 and loading frequency of 20 Hz. All fatigue tests series as well as tensile test were also performed for as received steel bars to obtain the reference behavior. The results have shown that sandblasting hardly affects the tensile behavior of the uncorroded material. The effect of sandblasting on the tensile behavior of pre-corroded specimens seems to be also limited. On the other hand, fatigue results indicate an improved fatigue behavior for the sandblasted material after 60 days of corrosion exposure. Martensitic area reductions, mass loss and depth of the pits were significantly smaller for the case of sandblasted materials, which confirms an increased corrosion resistance.
Crack onset assessment near the sharp material inclusion tip by means of modified maximum tangential stress criterion
Authors: Ondej Krepl  , Jan Klusák
Published: June 2021

In the case of particle reinforced composites, where the particles are in a form of sharp material inclusions, singular stress concentration exists on each tip of each inclusion. This is due to the geometric and material discontinuities between matrix and particle. These points of stress concentration are susceptible of crack initiation and thus often responsible for failure of the whole structure. The modified maximum tangential stress criterion is employed in order to predict crack onset conditions.
Producing Knowledge with Care. Building Mutually Caring Researcher-research Participants Relationships
Authors: Sander Alena
Published: June 2021

Today’s development studies are going through a decolonial turn. At the heart of the debates surrounding the turn are discussions about the relationship between the researcher – often from the Global Norths – and her research participants – often from the Global Souths, and how this relationship may be constructed in a more reciprocal and respectful way. This paper uses the example of the author’s dissertation research with Jordanian women’s organizations in 2017 and 2018. It looks into how the feminist mutual-care-approach developed by Joan Fisher and Berenice Tronto may inform a reciprocal and respectful way of doing research and producing knowledge with and in the Souths in practice, and looks into the challenges that may arise from it.
Einverständniserklärungen für eine feministische Forschungspraxis. Überlegungen zur prozesshaften Gestaltung und gesellschaftlichen Einbettung von Einwilligung
Authors: Malik Mariam , Wintersteller Teresa , Wöhrer Veronika
Published: June 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie ein feministisches und postkoloniales Verständnis von informierten Einverständnisprozessen aussehen kann und welche konkreten Schlussfolgerungen für die Forschungspraxis daraus resultieren können. Dabei wird zunächst der historische Entstehungskontext in der medizinischen Forschung beleuchtet und die daraus hervorgehenden Dimensionen – Kompetenz, Verständnis, Information, Freiwilligkeit und Autorisierung – erläutert. Ausgehend von Perspektiven der feministischen Sozialforschung und der feministischen Ethik wird aufgezeigt, dass informiertes Einverständnis über den rechtlich-formalen Akt hinausgehen und als kollaborative und prozessorientierte Aushandlung zwischen Forscher_innen und Forschungsteilnehmer_innen konzipiert werden sollte. Es ist wichtig, soziale und gesellschaftliche Zusammenhänge in Einverständnisprozesse einzubeziehen, d.h. Subjekte im Sinne der intersektionalen Ethics of Care als relational zu begreifen und den Einfluss von sozialen Strukturen zu reflektieren. Auf Basis einer feministisch-postkolonialen Ethik wird hervorgehoben, dass es notwendig ist, bestehende Ungleichheiten anzuerkennen, um diese nicht zu reproduzieren. Flexible und wiederholbare Formate der Einverständniserklärung oder das Etablieren von gemeinsamen Diskussionen sowohl in den Einverständnisprozessen als auch in der Ergebnisdarstellung sind Beispiele für mögliche Umsetzungen in der Forschungspraxis.
Ungewissheit im unterrichtlichen Handeln von Lehrpersonen. Zur Erfahrung von Ungewissheit zwischen Norm, Theorie und Habitus
Authors: Hinzke Jan-Hendrik , Gesang Johanna , Besa Kris-Stephen
Published: June 2021

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Erfassung solcher Ungewissheit, die sich im Sprechen von Lehrpersonen über ihren Unterricht zeigt. Vor dem Hintergrund des Anspruchs professionstheoretischer Zugänge, Ungewissheit konstruktiv für die Entfaltung von Lernprozessen von Schülerinnen und Schülern zu nutzen, wird eine rekonstruktiv angelegte Interviewstudie mit Lehrpersonen vorgestellt. Ziel ist es zu eruieren, welche Ungewissheitserfahrungen Lehrpersonen machen und wie sich diese methodisch geleitet erfassen lassen. Die Datenauswertung mit der Dokumentarischen Methode lässt zwei Muster von Ungewissheitserfahrungen erkennen, die von unterschiedlichen Relationen von Normen, Common Sense-Theorien und Habitus der Lehrpersonen strukturiert werden.
Norm-Habitus-Spannungen. Das biblische Gespräch in Lehrerfortbildung und evangelischem Religionsunterricht aus der Perspektive der Dokumentarischen Methode
Authors: Roose Hanna
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag zeichnet den Weg des religionsdidaktischen Leitbildes zum „biblischen Gespräch“ von der Lehrerfortbildung in den evangelischen Religionsunterricht einer 7. Gesamtschulklasse nach. Ausgehend von der Spannung zwischen Norm und Habitus (Bohnsack 2014b) rekonstruiert der Beitrag, wie Normen aus der Lehrerfortbildung durch Brechung oder Integration Eingang in den Unterricht finden – oder eben auch nicht. Er analysiert dazu Unterrichtssequenzen und rekonstruiert auf der Grundlage der Dokumentarischen Methode Norm-Habitus-Spannungen auf Seiten der Lehrperson. In religionsdidaktischer Hinsicht erweist sich die rekonstruierte habituelle Orientierung an Vereindeutigung und Formalisierung als besondere Herausforderung für die programmatische Forderung nach der Förderung von Ambiguitätstoleranz im konfessionellen Religionsunterricht.
Parents’ Perceptions of Their Young Children’s English Literacy Acquisition: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Wanodya Rizka Junhita Rahma , Drajati Nur Arifah , Tarjana Sri Samiati
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the families’ perceptions of their contribution in promoting their young children’s early English literacy acquisition. The researchers used questionnaires and interview to collect the data. The researchers applied an in-depth open-ended interview to two families who have a role in promoting their children’s English literacy development. The researchers also applied questionnaires to support the data. The researchers used a survey to apply the questionnaire to the respondents. The result showed that most of the parents in Indonesia hadn’t given their awareness of their children’s early English literacy acquisition. Since English was categorized as the foreign language of Indonesian people, most of the families did their mother language (L1) at home with their children. Thus, there are two implications of this study. The first implication of this study is to increase the parents’ awareness of the benefit of implementing children’s early English literacy. The other implication for English Language Teaching is to help the teacher and school institution to have collaborated with the parents to increase the development of children’s early English literacy. Thus, the teacher can teach English easier and may achieve the learning goals which are very useful for all parties (parents, children, and teachers) in the future.
Recultivated lands are a reserve for livestock feed
Authors: Osipenko Regina , Zaripov Yuriy , Zalesov Sergey
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The purpose is to establish the possibility of using mined brick clay pits for grazing livestock and preparing animal feed. The paper deals with the investigation of the above ground phytomass field layer (Fh) being formed dusing the natural growth of mined brick clay pits. Methodology. Species composition of the projective cover and aboveground phytomass were established on the counting areas of 0.5 × 0.5 sizes evenly spaced on the bottom and slopes of pit. At each of the quarry elements at least 30 registration sites were laid. In addition a similar number of registration sites were laid next to the quarry where clay was not mined. Researches were carried out in the district of pine-birch pre-forest steppe forests of the Trans Urals plain province, the west Siberian plain forest region. Results. It was found that the soil of mined out pits does not contain heavy metal and other chemical elements hazardous to animals. The total aboveground phetomass of Fh at the bottom and slopes of the quarry is 1101.1 and 812.6 kg/ha in absolutely dry, state, respectively. The total projective cover at the bottom of the quarry 3 years after the technical stage of reclamation is 64.7 % and on the slopes 42.5 %. The presence of meadow species in the composition, in particular of legumes family (Vicia cracca L.; V. hybridum L.; V. sativa L.; V. vernus L.; V. sylvatica L.; Trifolium pretense L.; T. lupinaster L.; T. repens L.; T. hybridum L.; T. medium L.; Lathyrus pratensis L.; Melilotu salbus Medikus; M. officinalis L. Pall.; Medicago lupulina L.) indicates a high feed value of FR. Scientific novelty. The transfer of mined out brick clay pits for temporary agricultural use will contribute at the formation of soil on the bottom and slopes of the quarry and ultimately, increase the productivity of future plantations.