bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of surgical trauma on circulating free DNA levels in cancer patients—implications for studies of circulating tumor DNA
Authors: Henriksen Tenna V. , Reinert Thomas , Christensen Emil , Sethi Himanshu , Birkenkamp‐Demtröder Karin , Gögenur Mikail , Gögenur Ismail , Zimmermann Bernhard G. ,   The IMPROVE Study Group, Dyrskjøt Lars , Andersen Claus L.
Published: May 2020

Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) post‐treatment is an emerging marker of residual disease. ctDNA constitutes only a minor fraction of the cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) circulating in cancer patients, complicating ctDNA detection. This is exacerbated by trauma‐induced cfDNA. To guide optimal blood sample timing, we investigated the duration and magnitude of surgical trauma‐induced cfDNA in patients with colorectal or bladder cancer. DNA levels were quantified in paired plasma samples collected before and up to 6 weeks after surgery from 436 patients with colorectal cancer and 47 patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. To assess whether trauma‐induced cfDNA fragments are longer than ordinary cfDNA fragments, the concentration of short (< 1 kb) and long (> 1 kb) fragments was determined for 91 patients. Previously reported ctDNA data from 91 patients with colorectal cancer and 47 patients with bladder cancer were used to assess how trauma‐induced DNA affects ctDNA detection. The total cfDNA level increased postoperatively—both in patients with colorectal cancer (mean threefold) and bladder cancer (mean eightfold). The DNA levels were significantly increased up to 4 weeks after surgery in both patient cohorts (P = 0.0005 and P ≤ 0.0001). The concentration of short, but not long, cfDNA fragments increased postoperatively. Of 25 patients with radiological relapse, eight were ctDNA‐positive and 17 were ctDNA‐negative in the period with trauma‐induced DNA. Analysis of longitudinal samples revealed that five of the negative patients became positive shortly after the release of trauma‐induced cfDNA had ceased. In conclusion, surgery was associated with elevated cfDNA levels, persisting up to 4 weeks, which may have masked ctDNA in relapse patients. Trauma‐induced cfDNA was of similar size to ordinary cfDNA. To mitigate the impact of trauma‐induced cfDNA on ctDNA detection, it is recommended that a second blood sample collected after week 4 is analyzed for patients initially ctDNA negative.
Remote ischemic conditioning combined with intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: He Yao‐De , Guo Zhen‐Ni , Qin Chen , Jin Hang , Zhang Peng , Abuduxukuer Reziya , Yang Yi
Published: May 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) combined with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods

Patients with AIS who underwent IVT were enrolled and 1:1 randomized to the RIC group and sham‐RIC group in this study. RIC (or sham‐RIC) was performed twice within 6–24 h of IVT. The subjects in the two groups were followed up for 90 days. The safety outcome included the ratio of hemorrhagic transformation (HT), adverse events during the follow‐up, blood pressure within the first 24 h after IVT, and laboratory tests 24 h after IVT. The efficacy outcome included the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score during the follow‐up, and level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) tested 24 h after IVT.

Results

Forty‐nine patients (24 in the RIC group and 25 in the sham‐RIC group) were recruited. No significant difference was observed in the ratio of HT, adverse events, blood pressure, coagulation function or liver function between groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in mRS score and NIHSS score during the follow‐up between groups. However, patients in the RIC group exhibited a significant lower level of hs‐CRP compared with the control group (P = 0.048).

Interpretation

RIC combined with IVT is safe in the treatment of AIS. The neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects of this therapy warrant further study on a larger scale.
Advances in designing instruction based on examples
Authors: Mayer Richard E.
Published: May 2020

This commentary reviews the evidence for nine principles for how to design effective example‐based instruction, drawing from the articles in this special issue.
A Metal‐Free Synthesis of N‐Aryl Oxazolidin‐2‐Ones by the One‐Pot Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with N‐Aryl Aziridines
Authors: Sonzini Paolo , Damiano Caterina , Intrieri Daniela , Manca Gabriele , Gallo Emma
Published: May 2020

The cost‐effective TPPH2/TBACl‐catalyzed (TPPH2=dianion of tetraphenyl porphyrin; TBACl=tetrabutyl ammonium chloride) carbon dioxide cycloaddition to N‐aryl aziridines was successful in synthesizing N‐aryl oxazolidin‐2‐ones. A catalytic tandem reaction was also developed, in which N‐aryl aziridines were initially synthesized and then reacted with carbon dioxide without being purified. The procedure occurred with a very high atom economy, molecular nitrogen being the only by‐product of the entire tandem process. In addition, the mechanism of catalytic cycle was investigated by DFT calculations.

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Phosphoryl‐Carbamoylation of Alkenes: Construction of Nonbenzylic C(sp3)−P(O)R2 Bonds via C(sp3)−Pd(II)−P(O)R2 Reductive Elimination
Authors: Chen Chen , Sun Wan , Yan Yan , Yang Fang , Wang Yuebo , Zhu Yan‐Ping , Liu Liying , Zhu Bolin
Published: May 2020

We report the first example of palladium‐catalyzed phosphoryl‐carbamoylation of alkene‐tethered carbamoyl chlorides with P(O)H compounds. Both H‐phosphinates and secondary phosphine oxides are compatible with this reaction. DPE‐Phos was used as ligand to facilitate nonbenzylic C(sp3)−P bonds formations via C(sp3)−Pd(II)−P reductive elimination. By using this protocol, a range of phosphorylated oxindoles and lactams were obtained in moderate to good yields.

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Process intensification of CO2 absorption using a 3D printed intensified packing device
Authors: Miramontes Eduardo , Jiang Ella A. , Love Lonnie J. , Lai Canhai , Sun Xin , Tsouris Costas
Published: May 2020

This study presents a first of its kind demonstration of successful enhancement of CO2 chemical absorption, under selected conditions, using a process intensification approach. A multifunctional device that integrates contact of phases and heat exchange has been developed, characterized, and tested. Heat transfer analysis has demonstrated the efficacy of the device as a heat exchanger, and mass transfer results have shown substantial improvement in the uptake of CO2 under a range of operating conditions.
Visible Light‐Triggered β‐Allylation of Indoles Using Baylis‐Hillman Bromides
Authors: Kumar Gupta Prince , Kumar Yadav Arvind , Nand Singh Krishna
Published: May 2020

A facile regioselective β‐allylation of indoles has been accomplished employing Baylis‐Hillman bromides as allyl source under visible light photoredox catalysis in the presence of Ru(bpy)3Cl2.6H2O and blue LED.
Comparison of Core Features in Four Developmental Encephalopathies in the Rett Natural History Study
Authors: Cutri‐French Clare , Armstrong Dallas , Saby Joni , Gorman Casey , Lane Jane , Fu Cary , Peters Sarika U. , Percy Alan , Neul Jeffrey L. , Marsh Eric D.
Published: May 2020

Objective

Rett syndrome, CDKL5‐deficiency disorder, FOXG1 disorder, and MECP2 duplication disorder are developmental encephalopathies with shared and distinct features. Although they are historically linked, no direct comparison has been performed. The first head‐to‐head comparison of clinical features in these conditions is presented.

Methods

Comprehensive clinical information was collected from 793 individuals enrolled in the Rett and Rett‐Related Disorders Natural History Study. Clinical features including clinical severity, regression, and seizures were cross‐sectionally compared between diagnoses to test the hypothesis that these are 4 distinct disorders.

Results

Distinct patterns of clinical severity, seizure onset age, and regression were present. Individuals with CDKL5‐deficency disorder were the most severely affected and had the youngest age at seizure onset (2 months), whereas children with MECP2 duplication syndrome had the oldest median age at seizure onset (64 months) and lowest severity scores. Rett syndrome and FOGX1 were intermediate in both features. Smaller head circumference correlates with increased severity in all disorders and earlier age at seizure onset in MECP2 duplication syndrome. Developmental regression occurred in all Rett syndrome participants (median = 18 months) but only 23 to 34% of the other disorders. Seizure incidence prior to the baseline visit was highest for CDKL5 deficiency disorder (96.2%) and lowest for Rett syndrome (47.5%). Other clinical features including seizure types and frequency differed among groups.

Interpretation

Although these developmental encephalopathies share many clinical features, clear differences in severity, regression, and seizures warrant considering them as unique disorders. These results will aid in the development of disease‐specific severity scales, precise therapeutics, and future clinical trials. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:396–406.
Distannylated Bithiophene Imide: Enabling High‐Performance n‐Type Polymer Semiconductors with an Acceptor–Acceptor Backbone
Authors: Shi Yongqiang , Guo Han , Huang Jiachen , Zhang Xianhe , Wu Ziang , Yang Kun , Zhang Yujie , Feng Kui , Woo Han Young , Ortiz Rocio Ponce , Zhou Ming , Guo Xugang
Published: May 2020

A distannylated electron‐deficient bithiophene imide (BTI‐Tin) monomer was synthesized and polymerized with imide‐functionalized co‐units to afford homopolymer PBTI and copolymer P(BTI‐BTI2), both featuring an acceptor–acceptor backbone with high molecular weight. Both polymers exhibited excellent unipolar n‐type character in transistors with electron mobility up to 2.60 cm2 V−1 s−1. When applied as acceptor materials in all‐polymer solar cells, PBTI and P(BTI‐BTI2) achieved high power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.67 % and 8.61 %, respectively. The PCE (6.67 %) of polymer PBTI, synthesized from the distannylated monomer, is much higher than that (0.14 %) of the same polymer PBTI*, synthesized from typical dibrominated monomer. The 8.61 % PCE of copolymer P(BTI‐BTI2) is also higher than those (<1 %) of homopolymers synthesized from dibrominated monomers. The results demonstrate the success of BTI‐Tin for accessing n‐type polymers with greatly improved device performance.
Counterion‐Dictated Self‐Cleaning Behavior of Polycation Coating upon Water Action: Macroscopic Dissection of Hydration of Anions
Authors: Tao Qi , Huang Shu , Li Xu , Chu Xue‐Feng , Lu Xiaolin , Wang Dayang
Published: May 2020

The counterions of polydiallyldimethylammonium (PDADMA) coatings were altered by incubation in aqueous solutions of different electrolytes. Oil de‐wetting on the resulting polycationic surfaces upon water action exhibited a straightforward connection with the Jones–Dole viscosity B‐coefficient (Bη) sign of surface counteranions. Upon water action, surface counteranions with negative Bη render PDADMA coatings oil‐adhering, but those with positive Bη furnish PDADMA coatings with excellent self‐cleaning. The oil‐adhering PDADMA surfaces can become self‐cleaning upon water action in response to the Bη of surface counteranions sign‐switching with increasing water temperature. Courtesy of surface counter‐anions with Bη>0, self‐cleaning PDADMA coatings enable not only conversion of conventional meshes into self‐cleaning membranes for oil/water separation, but also regioselective maneuver of oil flow on polycationic surfaces according to the Bη sign of surface counteranions patterned atop.
Der Einfluss von Aggregation auf die Photophysik von spiroverbrückten Heterotriangulenen
Authors: Krug Marcel , Wagner Maximilian , Schaub Tobias A. , Zhang Wen‐Shan , Schüßlbauer Christoph M. , Ascherl Johannes D. R. , Münich Peter W. , Schröder Rasmus R. , Gröhn Franziska , Dral Pavlo O. , Barbatti Mario , Guldi Dirk M. , Kivala Milan
Published: May 2020

Wir berichten über den Einfluss des zentralen Heteroatoms auf strukturelle, elektronische und spektroskopische Eigenschaften innerhalb einer Serie von spirofluorenverbrückten Heterotriangulenen sowie deren Aggregationsverhalten. Die Untersuchung der Molekülstrukturen mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie und Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse wurde durch Berechnungen auf Basis von Dichtefunktionaltheorie ergänzt. Eine umfassende photophysikalische Analyse zeigte, dass sich die komplexen Fluoreszenzspektren aus Beiträgen der Fluorenseitengruppen und des heteroaromatischen Kerns zusammensetzen. Über einzelne Moleküle hinaus untersuchten wir das Aggregationsverhalten dieser Heterotriangulene in THF/H2O‐Mischungen mittels statischer und dynamischer Lichtstreuung. Im angeregten Zustand ähnelten die intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen innerhalb der Aggregate denen im Festkörper. Eine Vielzahl an Morphologien und Superstrukturen wurden mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie nach dem Drop‐Casting der Dispersionen beobachtet.
Stretchable Perovskite Solar Cells with Recoverable Performance
Authors: Meng Xiangchuan , Xing Zhi , Hu Xiaotian , Huang Zengqi , Hu Ting , Tan Licheng , Li Fengyu , Chen Yiwang
Published: May 2020

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising photovoltaic technology for stretchable applications because of their flexible, light‐weight, and low‐cost characteristics. However, the fragility of crystals and poor crystallinity of perovskite on stretchable substrates results in performance loss. In fact, grain boundary defects are the “Achilles’ heel” of optoelectronic and mechanical stability. We incorporate a self‐healing polyurethane (s‐PU) with dynamic oxime–carbamate bonds as a scaffold into the perovskite films, which simultaneously enhances crystallinity and passivates the grain boundary of the perovskite films. The stretchable PSCs with s‐PU deliver a stabilized efficiency of 19.15 % with negligible hysteresis, which is comparable to the performance on rigid substrates. The PSCs can maintain over 90 % of their initial efficiency after 3000 hours in air because of their self‐encapsulating structure. Importantly, the self‐healing function of the s‐PU scaffold was verified in situ. The s‐PU can release mechanical stress and repair cracks at the grain boundary on multiple levels. The devices recover 88 % of their original efficiency after 1000 cycles at 20 % stretch. We believe that this ingenious growth strategy for crystalline semiconductors will facilitate development of flexible and stretchable electronics.
The Rb7Bi3−3xSb3xCl16 Family: A Fully Inorganic Solid Solution with Room‐Temperature Luminescent Members
Authors: Benin Bogdan M. , McCall Kyle M. , Wörle Michael , Morad Viktoriia , Aebli Marcel , Yakunin Sergii , Shynkarenko Yevhen , Kovalenko Maksym V.
Published: May 2020

Low‐dimensional ns2‐metal halide compounds have received immense attention for applications in solid‐state lighting, optical thermometry and thermography, and scintillation. However, these are based primarily on the combination of organic cations with toxic Pb2+ or unstable Sn2+, and a stable inorganic luminescent material has yet to be found. Here, the zero‐dimensional Rb7Sb3Cl16 phase, comprised of isolated [SbCl6]3− octahedra and edge‐sharing [Sb2Cl10]4− dimers, shows room‐temperature photoluminescence (RT PL) centered at 560 nm with a quantum yield of 3.8±0.2 % at 296 K (99.4 % at 77 K). The temperature‐dependent PL lifetime rivals that of previous low‐dimensional materials with a specific temperature sensitivity above 0.06 K−1 at RT, making it an excellent thermometric material. Utilizing both DFT and chemical substitution with Bi3+ in the Rb7Bi3−3xSb3xCl16 (x≤1) family, we present the edge‐shared [Sb2Cl10]4− dimer as a design principle for Sb‐based luminescent materials.
A Highly Selective and Sensitive Chemiluminescent Probe for Real‐Time Monitoring of Hydrogen Peroxide in Cells and Animals
Authors: Ye Sen , Hananya Nir , Green Ori , Chen Hansen , Zhao Angela Qian , Shen Jiangang , Shabat Doron , Yang Dan
Published: May 2020

Selective and sensitive molecular probes for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which plays diverse roles in oxidative stress and redox signaling, are urgently needed to investigate the physiological and pathological effects of H2O2. A lack of reliable tools for in vivo imaging has hampered the development of H2O2 mediated therapeutics. By combining a specific tandem Payne/Dakin reaction with a chemiluminescent scaffold, H2O2‐CL‐510 was developed as a highly selective and sensitive probe for detection of H2O2 both in vitro and in vivo. A rapid 430‐fold enhancement of chemiluminescence was triggered directly by H2O2 without any laser excitation. Arsenic trioxide induced oxidative damage in leukemia was successfully detected. In particular, cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury‐induced H2O2 fluxes were visualized in rat brains using H2O2‐CL‐510, providing a new chemical tool for real‐time monitoring of H2O2 dynamics in living animals.
Crystals of Benzamide, the First Polymorphous Molecular Compound, Are Helicoidal
Authors: Shtukenberg Alexander G. , Drori Ran , Sturm Elena V. , Vidavsky Netta , Haddad Asaf , Zheng Jason , Estroff Lara A. , Weissman Haim , Wolf Sharon G. , Shimoni Eyal , Li Chao , Fellah Noalle , Efrati Efi , Kahr Bart
Published: May 2020

The growth of spontaneously twisted crystals is a common but poorly understood phenomenon. An analysis of the formation of twisted crystals of a metastable benzamide polymorph (form II) crystallizing from highly supersaturated aqueous and ethanol solutions is given here. Benzamide, the first polymorphic molecular crystal reported (1832), would have been the first helicoidal crystal observed had the original authors undertaken an analysis by light microscopy. Polymorphism and twisting frequently concur as they are both associated with high thermodynamic driving forces for crystallization. Optical and electron microscopies as well as electron and powder X‐ray diffraction reveal a complex lamellar structure of benzamide form II needle‐like crystals. The internal stress produced by the overgrowth of lamellae is shown to be able to create a twist moment that is responsible for the observed non‐classical morphologies.
Rational Design of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes for Three‐Photon Phosphorescence Bioimaging
Authors: Jin Chengzhi , Liang Fengyin , Wang Jinquan , Wang Lili , Liu Jiangping , Liao Xinxing , Rees Thomas W. , Yuan Bo , Wang Hui , Shen Yong , Pei Zhong , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: May 2020

Compared to 2PE (two‐photon excitation) microscopy, 3PE microscopy has superior spatial resolution, deeper tissue penetration, and less defocused interference. The design of suitable agents with a large Stokes shift, good three‐photon absorption (3PA), subcellular targeting, and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) properties, is challenging. Now, two IrIII complexes (3PAIr1 and 3PAIr2) were developed as efficient three‐photon phosphorescence (3PP) agents. Calculations reveal that the introduction of a new group to the molecular scaffold confers a quadruple promotion in three‐photon transition probability. Confocal and lifetime imaging of mitochondria using IrIII complexes as 3PP agents is shown. The complexes exhibit low working concentration (50 nm), fast uptake (5 min), and low threshold for three‐photon excitation power (0.5 mW at 980 nm). The impressive tissue penetration depth (ca. 450 μm) allowed the 3D imaging and reconstruction of brain vasculature from a living specimen.
Chain Mail for Catalysts
Authors: Yu Liang , Deng Dehui , Bao Xinhe
Published: May 2020

Encapsulating transition‐metal nanoparticles inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or spheres has emerged as a novel strategy for designing highly durable nonprecious‐metal catalysts. The stable carbon layer protects the inner metal core from the destructive reaction environment and thus is described as chain mail for catalysts. Electron transfer from the active metal core to the carbon layer stimulates unique catalytic activity on the carbon surface, which has been utilized extensively in a variety of catalytic reaction systems. Here, we elaborate the underlying working principle of chain mail for catalysts as well as the key factors that determine their catalytic properties, and provide insights into the physicochemical nature of such catalyst architectures for further application of the strategy in rational catalyst design.
The Impact of Aggregation on the Photophysics of Spiro‐Bridged Heterotriangulenes
Authors: Krug Marcel , Wagner Maximilian , Schaub Tobias A. , Zhang Wen‐Shan , Schüßlbauer Christoph M. , Ascherl Johannes D. R. , Münich Peter W. , Schröder Rasmus R. , Gröhn Franziska , Dral Pavlo O. , Barbatti Mario , Guldi Dirk M. , Kivala Milan
Published: May 2020

We report on the impact of the central heteroatom on structural, electronic, and spectroscopic properties of a series of spirofluorene‐bridged heterotriangulenes and provide a detailed study on their aggregates. The in‐depth analysis of their molecular structure by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography was further complemented by density functional theory calculations. With the aid of extensive photophysical analysis the complex fluorescence spectra were deconvoluted showing contributions from the peripheral fluorenes and the heteroaromatic cores. Beyond the molecular scale, we examined the aggregation behavior of these heterotriangulenes in THF/H2O mixtures and analyzed the aggregates by static and dynamic light scattering. The excited‐state interactions within the aggregates were found to be similar to those found in the solid state. A plethora of morphologies and superstructures were observed by scanning electron microscopy of drop‐casted dispersions.
Activation of a Metal‐Halogen Bond by Halogen Bonding
Authors: Wolf Julian , Huber Florian , Erochok Nikita , Heinen Flemming , Guérin Vincent , Legault Claude Y. , Kirsch Stefan F. , Huber Stefan M.
Published: May 2020

In recent years, the non‐covalent interaction of halogen bonding (XB) has found increasing application in organocatalysis. However, reports of the activation of metal‐ligand bonds by XB have so far been limited to a few reactions with elemental iodine or bromine. Herein, we present the activation of metal‐halogen bonds by two classes of inert halogen bond donors and the use of the resulting activated complexes in homogenous gold catalysis. The only recently explored class of iodolium derivatives were shown to be effective activators in two test reactions and their activity could be modulated by blocking of the Lewis acidic sites. Bis(benzimidazolium)‐based halogen bonding activators provided even more rapid conversion, while the non‐iodinated reference compound showed little activity. The role of halogen bonding in the activation of metal‐halogen bonds was further investigated by NMR experiments and DFT calculations, which support the mode of activation occurring via halogen bonding.
Integrating Solution‐Focused Brief Therapy for Systemic Posttraumatic Stress Prevention in Paediatrics
Authors: Finlayson Benjamin T. , Hall Gregory N. , Jordan Sara Smock
Published: May 2020

Paediatric trauma can leave devastating effects on patients and their families if unattended. Medical family therapy (MedFT) is one approach to address the emotional and relational impact of paediatric trauma and prevent possible posttraumatic stress. The biopsychosocial model is widely practiced in MedFT, yet we argue that adding solution‐focused conversations can further enhance practitioner effectiveness and increase client outcome. This article discusses and provides rationale for the use of solution‐focused brief therapy (SFBT) through a biopsychosocial lens when treating paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients and their families. A fictionalised illustration is provided to guide family therapists in applying SFBT to the PICU population.
Efficient Production of 1,3‐Dioleoyl‐2‐Palmitoylglycerol through Rhodococcus opacus Fermentation
Authors: Zhang Lin‐Shang , Chu Mei‐Yun , Zong Min‐Hua , Yang Ji‐Guo , Lou Wen‐Yong
Published: May 2020

1,3‐Dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol (OPO) is the main triacylglycerol species in human milk‐fat substitute. The production of OPO is of considerable research interest. In this study, a new strategy for producing OPO by fermentation with R. opacus is proposed. Chemically Interesterified fat (high oleic acid sunflower oil/hydrogenated palm oil 1.73:1 w/w), or a mixture of ethyl oleate/ethyl palmitate 2:1 (w/w) as a starting material. The highest biomass and oil content obtained were 3.3 g L−1 and 40.2% (dry cell weight), respectively. The yield of OPO was 0.62 g L−1. The fatty acid composition of produced OPO was 55.7–59.7% 18:1 and 28.3–29.8% 16:0, and the sn‐2 position was predominantly 16:0 (64.7–74.5%). 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that the sn‐1,3 and sn‐2 positions were predominately esterified by 18:1 and 16:0, respectively. OPO (47.1%), OPL (13.9%), PPO (13.1%), and PPoO (16:0–16:1–18:1) (10.3%) were the most abundant triacylglycerol species.
Impact of operating conditions for the continuous‐flow removal of dye effluents in a fixed‐bed reactor using light expanded clay aggregate as a green adsorbent with ultrasound‐assisted desorption
Authors: Moradi Azin , Rahimpour Farshad , Salehi Mohammad Ali , Shojaeimehr Tahereh
Published: May 2020

The adsorption of Reactive Red 33 dye from aqueous solution onto light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) in a batch mode, fixed‐bed reactor has been investigated. The adsorption studies were determined as a function of dye initial concentration, pH, flow rate, temperature, and adsorbent size using response surface methodology. The maximum amount of dye removal (85.11%) was obtained in the optimized conditions (pH = 2, C0 = 20 mg/L, and T = 20°C; flow rate: 40 L/min and smaller size of LECA granules). Also, high‐frequency ultrasound waves have been applied for desorption process which improved the desorption efficiency by 81%. Equilibrium data are fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model and obeyed the Weber–Morris and external diffusion kinetic models. The exothermic nature and negative amount of Gibbs free energy change confirmed the spontaneous nature of this process. The maximum adsorption capacity, qmax, as estimated by Langmuir isotherm model was 1.363 mg/g.
Multifunctional Receptor with Tunable Selectivity: A Comparative Recognition Profile of Organic Nanoparticles with Carbon Dots
Authors: Kaur Gaganpreet , Kaur Harpreet , Singh Amanpreet , Chaudhary Monika , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder , Jena Kailash C.
Published: May 2020

The exponential growth in the research field of water pollution control demands the evolution of novel sensing materials for regulation and quantification of metals ions. Within this context, the current work reports a new strategy for the synthesis of carbon dots from the hydrothermal treatment of organic nanoparticles. The organic nanoparticles are found to be selective towards Cs(I) ions with a detection limit of 5.3 nM, whereas the highly fluorescent carbon dots are found to be selective towards Ag(I) ions with a detection limit of 4.8 nM. Both sensing systems illustrate rapid sensing with a working pH range from 4–9. The interfacial molecular restructuring of the sensing systems in the aqueous phase has been investigated in the absence and presence of targeted metal ions using a sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopic tool. The practical applicability of the sensors was checked in environmental samples. This work opens new avenues for the exploration of temperature‐guided sensing modulation in nanomaterials.
Concomitant lansoprazole ameliorates cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting renal organic cation transporter 2 in rats
Authors: Hiramatsu Shun‐ichi , Ikemura Kenji , Fujisawa Yutaka , Iwamoto Takuya , Okuda Masahiro
Published: May 2020

Cisplatin is used widely for the treatment of multiple solid tumors. Cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity is caused by renal accumulation of cisplatin via human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2). As lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is known to inhibit hOCT2 activity, lansoprazole might ameliorate cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity. A previous study showed that concomitant lansoprazole administration ameliorated nephrotoxicity in patients receiving cisplatin. However, the detailed mechanism remains to be clarified. In the present study, the drug–drug interaction between lansoprazole and cisplatin was examined using hOCT2‐expressing cultured cells and rat renal slices. Moreover, the effect of lansoprazole on cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity and the pharmacokinetics of cisplatin in rats was investigated. In the uptake study, lansoprazole potently inhibited the uptake of cisplatin in hOCT2‐expressing cultured cells and rat renal slices. The in vivo rat study showed that concomitant lansoprazole significantly ameliorated cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity and reduced the renal accumulation of platinum up to approximately 60% of cisplatin alone at 72 h after cisplatin intraperitoneal administration. Furthermore, the renal uptake of platinum at 3 min after intravenous cisplatin administration in rats with cisplatin and lansoprazole decreased to 78% of rats with cisplatin alone. In addition, there was no significant difference in the plasma platinum concentration between rats treated with and without lansoprazole at 3 min after cisplatin intravenous administration. These findings suggested that concomitant lansoprazole ameliorated cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting rOCT2‐mediated cisplatin uptake in rats, thus decreasing cisplatin accumulation in the kidney. The present findings provided important information for the establishment of novel protective approaches to minimize cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity.
A strategy for qualitative and quantitative profiling of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and detection of its analgesic and anti‐inflammatory components by spectrum–effect relationship and multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Hou Ajiao , Yang Liu , Zhang Jiaxu , Wang Song , Man Wenjing , Guo Xinyue , Yang Bingyou , Kuang Haixue , Li Bo , Wang Qiuhong , Jiang Hai
Published: May 2020

This study established a spectrum–effect relationship method for screening and quantifying the analgesic and anti‐inflammatory active ingredients in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (AP) by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry detector analysis (UPLC–QDA). First, the fingerprint of AP was established to determine the common peaks. Next, six batches of AP samples, with significant differences, were selected for evaluation of pharmacological activity. Subsequently, the spectrum–effect relationship was used to screen the active ingredients. Finally, the screened ingredients were quantified using UPLC–QDA. In total, 21 common peaks were identified and four effective compounds (bergapten, columbianetin acetate, osthole and isoimperatorin) were selected using the gray relational analysis and partial least squares regression analysis. Quantitative analysis showed that the content of the four effective compounds was the highest in a randomly selected batch, S7 (Hubei). To our knowledge, this is the first attempt that evaluated the quality and spectrum–effect relationship of AP by quantitative analysis and chemometrics. This study identified the key pharmacologically active components of AP and thereby improved the quality evaluation system of AP. This method has broad application prospects for screening effective components and will be helpful in establishing more reliable, scientific and reasonable quality standards for AP and other traditional Chinese medicines.
Limb‐shaking transient ischemic attack with facial muscles involuntary twitch successfully treated with internal carotid artery stenting
Authors: Han Yuan‐yuan , Qi Dong , Chen Xiao‐Dong , Song Chun‐Jie
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Limb‐shaking transient ischemic attack (LS‐TIA) is a clinical disease with severe carotid stenosis, which is characterized by unilateral rhythmic dance or tremor like involuntary movements of arms and/or legs, but facial muscles are usually unaffected.

Methods

Today, we report a 42‐year‐old man with transient ischemic attack who suffered from right limb shaking and right facial muscle twitching due to the obvious stenosis of left internal carotid artery (ICA). Written informed consent was obtained from participants according to the Declaration of Helsinki, and a local ethic committee approved the study. ICA angioplasty and stent implantation were performed as treatment attempts. A brain protection device was navigated through the lesion and placed at the distal end of the stenosis.

Result

The patient successfully completed the recanalization through stent placement, and the involuntary shaking of limbs and face was improved. During the 3‐month follow‐up, the patient's symptoms disappeared completely and did not attack again.

Conclusion

This case report highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment, because treatment‐related carotid artery occlusion can not only eliminate the attack, but also reduce the risk of future stroke.
Rebuilding the Interproximal Papilla: Description of “Tube” Technique and Two Case Reports
Authors: Kashani Hooshang , Vora Manali V. , Kuraji Ryutaro , Brody Hanna , Kapila Yvonne L.
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Papilla reconstruction relies on similar principles as those applied to soft tissue grafting for recession defects; however, it is uniquely challenging from a surgical perspective because of the small size and lack of a blood supply. Several techniques have been used to reconstruct lost papilla; however, there are no prescribed techniques for this specific application.

Case Presentation

This report describes a novel technique, herein called, the “tube technique” for treating interproximal recession and reconstructing the interproximal papilla, and documents two cases using the tube technique. An increase in attachment levels was observed in Case 1 (5 mm) and in Case 2 (4 mm) after using this surgical technique for papilla reconstruction.

Conclusion

The tube grafting technique requires technical precision. Although when executed carefully, it results in predictable reconstruction of the interproximal papilla. Use of the tube technique helps mitigate issues associated with inadequate flap thickness, blood supply, and flap retraction.
Naphthalenones and Naphthols Isolated from the Saussurea laniceps Endophytic Fungus Didymella glomerata X223
Authors: Luo Gangyuan , Chen Senhua , Yu Jianchen , Yuan Jie , Zheng Li , Liu Lan , Chen Bin , Li Jing
Published: May 2020

One new naphthalenone, didymelol A, and three new naphthols, didymelol B–D, together with three known naphthalenones, (3S,4R)‐3,4,6‐trihydroxy‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐one, (4S)‐4,6‐dihydroxy‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐one, (4S)‐4‐hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐one, were isolated from the Saussurea laniceps endophytic fungus Didymella glomerata X223. The structures of the isolates were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis. The absolute configuration of didymelol A was established through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data and didymelols B–D were identified through comparisons of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human non‐small cell lung cancer A549 cells and human breast carcinoma MDA‐MB‐435 cells.
Increased Lipophilicity of Halogenated Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Leads to Decreased Phototoxicity in vitro when Used as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Roy Saonli , Colombo Elisa , Vinck Robin , Mari Cristina , Rubbiani Riccardo , Patra Malay , Gasser Gilles
Published: May 2020

In the fight against cancer, photodynamic therapy is generating great interest thanks to its ability to selectively kill cancer cells without harming healthy tissues. In this field, ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, and more specifically, complexes with dipyrido[3,2‐a:2’,3’‐c]phenazine (dppz) as a ligand are of particular interest due to their DNA‐binding and photocleaving properties. However, ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes can sometimes suffer from low lipophilicity, which hampers cellular internalisation through passive diffusion. In this study, four new [Ru(dppz‐X2)3]2+ complexes (X=H, F, Cl, Br, I) were synthesized and their lipophilicity (logP), cytotoxicity and phototoxicity on cancerous and noncancerous cell lines were assessed. This study shows that, counterintuitively, the phototoxicity of these complexes decreases as their lipophilicity increases; this could be due solely to the atomic radius of the halogen substituents.
Mid‐term clinical outcomes from use of Sirolimus coated balloon in coronary intervention; data from real world population
Authors: Basavarajaiah Sandeep , Athukorala Sampath , Kalogeras Konstantinos , Panoulas Vasileios , Loku Waduge Bhagya H. , Bhatia Gurbir , Watkin Richard , Pulikal George , Lee Kaeng , Ment Jerome , Freestone Bethan , Pitt Michael
Published: May 2020

Background

Use of drug coated balloons (DCBs) in coronary intervention is escalating. There is a plethora of data on Paclitaxcel‐DCB. However, when it comes of stents, Limus‐drugs are preferred over Paclitaxel. There is very limited data on Sirolimus coated balloons (SCB). MagicTouch‐SCB (Concept Medical, FL) elutes Sirolimus via nano‐technology and have been used in our centers since March 2018. We report a mid‐term follow‐up with this relatively novel‐technology.

Methods and results

We retrospectively analyzed all patients treated with MagicTouch‐SCB between March‐2018 and February‐2019. Results are reported as cardiac‐death, target‐vessel myocardial‐infarction (TVMI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE). During the study period, 288‐patients (373‐lesions) with a mean age of 65.8 were treated with MagicTouch‐SCB. 84% (n = 241) were male, 155 (54%) were in the setting of acute coronary syndrome, 38% (n = 110) had diabetes and 62% (n = 233) were in de‐novo lesions. Most lesions treated were in the LAD/diagonal‐system (n = 170; 46%). Pre‐dilatation was performed in 92% (n = 345) of cases. Bailout stenting was required in 9% lesions (n = 35). The mean diameter and length of SCBs were 2.64 ± 0.56 mm and 24 ± 8.9 mm respectively.

During a median follow‐up of 363 days (IQR: 278–435), cardiac death and TVMI occurred in 5‐patients (1.7%) and 10‐patients (3.4%) respectively, TLR per‐lesion was 12%. The MACE rate was 10%. There were no documented cases of acute vessel closure.

Conclusions

The results from mid‐term follow‐up with this relatively new technology SCB is encouraging with a low rates of hard endpoints and acceptable MACE rates despite complex group of patients and lesion subsets.
Hybrid approach to postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect repair
Authors: Alsaad Ali A. , Russell Hyde M. , Tokarczyk Arthur J. , Ricciardi Mark J.
Published: May 2020

Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture is a rare and devastating complication of myocardial infarction. Despite attempts at acute surgical and percutaneous defect closure, morbidity and mortality remain high. Herein, we describe a hybrid surgical and catheter‐based approach to defect closure in a 63‐year‐old woman with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture and cardiogenic shock.
Brief soaking at above‐gelatinization temperature reduces inorganic arsenic in cooked rice
Authors: Chen Guoying , Lai Bunhong , Chen Tuanwei , Lin Hetong , Mao Xuefei
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives

Rice contains an order of magnitude higher inorganic arsenic (iAs), a class 1 non‐threshold carcinogen, than other terrestrial crops. To reduce iAs in cooked rice, several methods have been proposed such as washing until clear, cooking with high water‐to‐rice ratio (W/R) then discarding excess water, or continuously percolating near‐boiling water. The traditional method practiced by 1.6 billion East Asians, washing and cooking with low W/R until dry, removes only a small percentage of iAs. A new approach was investigated to reduce iAs in cooked rice.

Findings

Brief (10 min) soaking (W/R 10) at above gelatinization temperature (80°C) reduced iAs in rice by up to 48.4%. A soaking protocol was developed for public use that on average reduced 39.5 ± 6.6% (n = 12) iAs in non‐waxy white rice.

Conclusions

Brief above‐gelatinization‐temperature soaking effectively reduces iAs in cooked white rice.

Significance and novelty

Above‐gelatinization‐temperature soaking was applied for the first time to cut iAs in cooked rice; thereby chronic iAs exposure and cancer risk can be reduced for rice consumers.
Occasional human infestations by feral pigeons' ectoparasites: Two case reports
Authors: Akhoundi Mohammad , Brun Sophie , Marteau Anthony , Debédat Jean , Ben Romdhane Habib , Izri Arezki
Published: May 2020

Dermanyssus infestation is a rural parasitic problem occurs occasionally in urban areas in people with close contact to pigeons. It can be diagnosed through clinical cutaneous symptoms in exposed body parts, nocturnal itching, and presence of mites in infested locations and can be treated by antiacaricide, environmental, and symptomatic treatments.
No cognitive processing in the unconscious, anesthetic‐like, state of sleep
Authors: Vertes Robert P. , Linley Stephanie B.
Published: May 2020

We review evidence challenging the hypothesis that memories are processed or consolidated in sleep. We argue that the brain is in an unconscious state in sleep, akin to general anesthesia (GA), and hence is incapable of meaningful cognitive processing—the sole purview of waking consciousness. At minimum, the encoding of memories in sleep would require that waking events are faithfully transferred to and reproduced in sleep. Remarkably, however, this has never been demonstrated, as waking experiences are never truly replicated in sleep but rather appear in very altered or distorted forms. General anesthetics (GAs) exert their effects through endogenous sleep–wake control systems and accordingly GA and sleep share several common features: sensory blockade, immobility, amnesia and lack of awareness (unconsciousness). The loss of consciousness in non‐REM (NREM) sleep or to GAs is characterized by: (a) delta oscillations throughout the cortex; (b) marked reductions in neural activity (from waking) over widespread regions of the cortex, most pronounced in frontal and parietal cortices; and (c) a significant disruption of the functional connectivity of thalamocortical and corticocortical networks, particularly those involved in “higher order” cognitive functions. Several (experimental) reports in animals and humans have shown that disrupting the activity of the cortex, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex, severely impairs higher order cognitive and executive functions. The profound and widespread deactivation of the cortex in the unconscious states of NREM sleep or GA would be expected to produce an equivalent, or undoubtedly a much greater, disruptive effect on mnemonic and cognitive functions. In conclusion, we contend that the unconscious, severely altered state of the brain in NREM sleep would negate any possibility of cognitive processing in NREM sleep.
Genomewide Association Study of Platelet Reactivity and Cardiovascular Response in Patients Treated With Clopidogrel: A Study by the International Clopidogrel Pharmacogenomics Consortium
Authors: Verma Shefali Setia , Bergmeijer Thomas O. , Gong Li , Reny Jean‐Luc , Lewis Joshua P. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Aradi Daniel , Altman Russ B. , Bliden Kevin , Bradford Yuki , Campo Gianluca , Chang Kiyuk , Cleator John H. , Déry Jean‐Pierre , Dridi Nadia P. , Fernandez‐Cadenas Israel , Fontana Pierre , Gawaz Meinrad , Geisler Tobias , Gensini Gian Franco , Giusti Betti , Gurbel Paul A. , Hochholzer Willibald , Holmvang Lene , Kim Eun‐Young , Kim Ho‐Sook , Marcucci Rossella , Montaner Joan , Backman Joshua D. , Pakyz Ruth E. , Roden Dan M. , Schaeffeler Elke , Schwab Matthias , Shin Jae Gook , Siller‐Matula Jolanta M. , ten Berg Jurriën M. , Trenk Dietmar , Valgimigli Marco , Wallace John , Wen Ming‐Shien , Kubo Michiaki , Lee Ming Ta Michael , Whaley Ryan , Winter Stefan , Klein Teri E. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Ritchie Marylyn D. ,   for the ICPC Investigators
Published: May 2020

Antiplatelet response to clopidogrel shows wide variation, and poor response is correlated with adverse clinical outcomes. CYP2C19 loss‐of‐function alleles play an important role in this response, but account for only a small proportion of variability in response to clopidogrel. An aim of the International Clopidogrel Pharmacogenomics Consortium (ICPC) is to identify other genetic determinants of clopidogrel pharmacodynamics and clinical response. A genomewide association study (GWAS) was performed using DNA from 2,750 European ancestry individuals, using adenosine diphosphate‐induced platelet reactivity and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events as outcome parameters. GWAS for platelet reactivity revealed a strong signal for CYP2C19*2 (P value = 1.67e−33). After correction for CYP2C19*2 no other single‐nucleotide polymorphism reached genomewide significance. GWAS for a combined clinical end point of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (5.0% event rate), or a combined end point of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction (4.7% event rate) showed no significant results, although in coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention, and acute coronary syndrome subgroups, mutations in SCOS5P1, CDC42BPA, and CTRAC1 showed genomewide significance (lowest P values: 1.07e−09, 4.53e−08, and 2.60e−10, respectively). CYP2C19*2 is the strongest genetic determinant of on‐clopidogrel platelet reactivity. We identified three novel associations in clinical outcome subgroups, suggestive for each of these outcomes.
The role of vibrational temperature variations in a pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma device
Authors: do Nascimento Fellype , Moshkalev Stanislav , Machida Munemasa
Published: May 2020

The use of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas has become a practical way to carry out surface treatment where precise control of the plasma parameters, such as rotational and vibrational temperatures (Trot and Tvib), is required. As the Tvib of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet appears to be the most important parameter related to the improvement of surface treatments, in this work, we analysed two methods to increase the values of Tvib in a DBD plasma jet device. One of the methods is to reduce the exit size (ø) of the DBD reactor, which results in an increase in the measured Tvib values, due to an increase in the pressure inside the reactor. The other method is to change the gas flow rate (GFR) used to produce the plasma jets. This leads to a Tvib reduction when the GFR is increased in the case of using helium or nitrogen as the working gas, but the opposite happens (an increase in the Tvib values) when argon is used, with different phenomena causing the variation of Tvib in each situation.