bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relating the ultrasonic and aerosol filtration properties of filters
Authors: Alvarez-Arenas Tomás E. G. , Sipkens Timothy A. , Corbin Joel C. , Salso Patricia , Genovés Vicente
Published: July 2024

Non-contact methods are useful to improve the quality control of particle filtration media. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation between the filtration efficiency of a porous sheet and its ultrasonic properties obtained using a non-contact technique. An air-coupled ultrasonic technique is used to obtain rapid measurements without affecting the integrity of the material. High frequencies (from 0.1 to 2.5 MHz) are used to improve technique sensitivity, and transmitted waves are measured to probe the internal properties of the material. Measurements of transmission coefficient spectra (amplitude and phase) and the corresponding ultrasound velocity and attenuation coefficient at different frequencies are obtained for a set of filtration media with well-characterized properties. Results show that the ultrasonic properties of filtration media vary as a function of basis weight, and therefore filtration efficiency, for a given charge state. However, the effect of electrostatic charge on ultrasonic propagation is almost negligible, as expected. We conclude that ultrasonic transmission may provide a valuable tool for the continuous online monitoring of material quality during fabrication and as a method to tease apart mechanical and electrostatic contributions to particle filtration.
Unraveling the mechanism of small molecule induced activation of Staphylococcus aureus signal peptidase IB
Authors: Chen Shu-Yu , Fiedler Michaela K. , Gronauer Thomas F. , Omelko Olesia , von Wrisberg Marie-Kristin , Wang Tao , Schneider Sabine , Sieber Stephan A. , Zacharias Martin
Published: July 2024

Staphylococcus aureussignal peptidase IB (SpsB) is an essential enzyme for protein secretion. While inhibition of its activity by small molecules is a well-precedented mechanism to kill bacteria, the mode of activation is however less understood. We here investigate the activation mechanism of a recently introduced activator, the antibiotic compound PK150, and demonstrate by combined experimental and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies a unique principle of enzyme stimulation. Mass spectrometric studies with an affinity-based probe of PK150 unravel the binding site of PK150 in SpsB which is used as a starting point for MD simulations. Our model shows the localization of the molecule in an allosteric pocket next to the active site which shields the catalytic dyad from excess water that destabilizes the catalytic geometry. This mechanism is validated by the placement of mutations aligning the binding pocket of PK150. While the mutants retain turnover of the SpsB substrate, no stimulation of activity is observed upon PK150 addition. Overall, our study elucidates a previously little investigated mechanism of enzyme activation and serves as a starting point for the development of future enzyme activators.
The Southern Ocean carbon sink has been overestimated in the past three decades
Authors: Zhong Guorong , Li Xuegang , Song Jinming , Wang Fan , Qu Baoxiao , Wang Yanjun , Zhang Bin , Ma Jun , Yuan Huamao , Duan Liqin , Wang Qidong , Xing Jianwei , Dai Jiajia
Published: July 2024

Employing machine learning methods for mapping surface ocean pCO2 has reduced the uncertainty in estimating sea-air CO2 flux. However, a general discrepancy exists between the Southern Ocean carbon sinks derived from pCO2 products and those from biogeochemistry models. Here, by performing a boosting ensemble learning feed-forward neural networks method, we have identified an underestimation of the surface Southern Ocean pCO2 due to notably uneven density of pCO2 measurements between summer and winter, which resulted in about 16% overestimating of Southern Ocean carbon sink over the past three decades. In particular, the Southern Ocean carbon sink since 2010 was notably overestimated by approximately 29%. This overestimation can be mitigated by a winter correction in algorithms, with the average Southern Ocean carbon sink during 1992-2021 corrected to −0.87 PgC yr−1 from the original −1.01 PgC yr−1. Furthermore, the most notable underestimation of surface ocean pCO2 mainly occurred in regions south of 60°S and was hiding under ice cover. As the surface ocean pCO2 under sea ice coverage in the winter is much higher than the atmosphere, if sea ice melts completely, there could be a further reduction of about 0.14 PgC yr−1 in the Southern Ocean carbon sink.
BOADICEA model: updates to the BRCA2 breast cancer risks for ages 60 years and older
Authors: Ficorella Lorenzo , Yang Xin , Easton Douglas F. , Antoniou Antonis C.
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer risks in older BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers are understudied. Recent studies show a marked decline in the relative risk at older ages. We used data from two large studies to update the breast cancer risks in the BOADICEA model for BRCA2 carriers 60 years and older.
Exploiting hosts and vectors: viral strategies for facilitating transmission
Authors: Yu Xi , Zhu Yibin , Yin Gang , Wang Yibaina , Shi Xiaolu , Cheng Gong
Published: July 2024

Viruses have developed various strategies to ensure their survival and transmission. One intriguing strategy involves manipulating the behavior of infected arthropod vectors and hosts. Through intricate interactions, viruses can modify vector behavior, aiding in crossing barriers and improving transmission to new hosts. This manipulation may include altering vector feeding preferences, thus promoting virus transmission to susceptible individuals. In addition, viruses employ diverse dissemination methods, including cell-to-cell and intercellular transmission via extracellular vesicles. These strategies allow viruses to establish themselves in favorable environments, optimize replication, and increase the likelihood of spreading to other individuals. Understanding these complex viral strategies offers valuable insights into their biology, transmission dynamics, and potential interventions for controlling infections. Unraveling interactions between viruses, hosts, and vectors enables the development of targeted approaches to effectively mitigate viral diseases and prevent transmission.
Generating cysteine-trypsin cleavage sites with 2-chloroacetamidine capping
Authors: Ofori Samuel , Desai Heta S. , Shikwana Flowreen , Boatner Lisa M. , Dominguez III Emil R. , Castellón José O. , Backus Keriann M.
Published: July 2024

2-Chloroacetamidine (CAM) capping during proteomic sample preparation enables trypsin-mediated proteolysis at cysteine residues, which improves detection of cysteine-containing peptides.
Efficient late-stage synthesis of quaternary phosphonium salts from organothianthrenium salts via photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Jun , Feng Zhaoyu , Li Hanxiang , Yu Zhengze , Wang Hongyu , Tang Bo
Published: July 2024

A photoactivated approach for the selective late-stage synthesis of quaternary phosphonium salts utilizing organothianthrenium salts and tertiary phosphines was reported with high yields and broad functional group compatibility.
Pressure-induced single-crystal-to-single-crystal nitrite ligand isomerisation accompanied by a piezochromic effect
Authors: Potempa Kinga , Paliwoda Damian , Jarzembska Katarzyna N. , Kamiński Radosław , Krówczyński Adam , Borowski Patryk , Hanfland Michael
Published: July 2024

The first high-pressure-induced nitrite ligand isomerization is reported. It was observed for a piezochromic crystal of a rare di-exo-nitrito linkage isomer of a nickel(ii) coordination compound.
Polyurethanes synthesized using biomass-derived furan diols as sustainable triboelectric materials
Authors: Jang June Young , Byun Youngmin , You Sijin , Kim Seunghun , Lee Dong-Min , Kim Sang-Woo , Son Seung Uk
Published: July 2024

Polyurethanes prepared using biomass-derived furan diols showed promising energy harvesting performance as tribopositive materials.
Design of mechanically flexible photoresponsive cyanostilbene molecular crystals
Authors: Parthasarathy Thiyagaraj , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Emmerling Franziska , Ghosh Soumyajit
Published: July 2024

Long needle-type crystals of a cyanostilbene derivative BN exhibit both stress-induced mechanical bending and light-induced photomechanical bending under UV light.
Benchmarking DFT-based excited-state methods for intermolecular charge-transfer excitations
Authors: Bogo Nicola , Stein Christopher J.
Published: July 2024

Intermolecular charge-transfer is a highly important process in biology and energy-conversion applications. We identify reliable, low-scaling computational methods to perform accurate calculations of these excited states in large molecules.
Stark effect and orbital hybridization of moiré interlayer excitons in the MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayer
Authors: Hannachi Houssem Eddine , Jaziri Sihem
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we undertake a theoretical investigation into the effects of both in-plane and out-of-plane static electric fields on moiré interlayer excitons (IXs) within a WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayer.
Roll-to-roll manufacturing of large surface area PDMS devices, and application to a microfluidic artificial lung
Authors: Zhang Andrew , Tharwani Kartik , Wang Jennifer , Seilo Gabriele K. , Atie Michael A. , Potkay Joseph A.
Published: July 2024

A novel roll-to-roll manufacturing method employs synchronized radial positioning to manufacture multi-layer microfluidic devices. Three proof of concept microfluidic blood oxygenators were built and tested in vitro with water and blood.
Single-atom transition metals doping two-dimensional BXN materials (X = 2, 3, 5) with promising electrocatalytic activity for efficient hydrogen production in the entire pH range
Authors: Wei Yuhua , Gao Feng , Liu Hong , Qi Wei , Du Sichao , Xie Hao , Xiao Duo
Published: July 2024

Single-atom supported on 2D BXN materials (X = 2, 3, 5) are conducive to the improvement of SACs, thus enhancing the catalytic activity. By exploring the dependence of H adsorption on different SACs with pH, the optimal SACs for HER can be found.
Shape anisotropy induced jamming of nanoparticles at liquid interfaces: a tensiometric study
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Bhattacharjee Suman , Srivastava Sunita
Published: July 2024

Self-assembly phenomena at the liquid–liquid interface measured using inverted pendant drop tensiometry, provide insights into the jamming of nanocolloids governed through structural organization at the nanoscale due to their shape anisotropy.
A review of material design for high performance triboelectric nanogenerators: performance improvement based on charge generation and charge loss
Authors: Li Xiaochuan , Yang Qianxi , Ren Dahu , Li Qianying , Yang Huake , Zhang Xuemei , Xi Yi
Published: July 2024

This review summarizes the relevant material-design strategies for improving the output performance of TENGs based on charge generation and charge loss.
Fluorescence imaging of cellular GSH to reveal the hindering influence of rutin on ferroptosis
Authors: Mehmood Abdul Hadi , Chang Jia , Wang Yan , Li Shijing , Ma Jiale , Dong Baoli , Liu Hong
Published: July 2024

Ferroptotic cell death is significantly regulated by glutathione (GSH), an important antioxidant.
tert-Butyl nitrite as a privileged reagent for a C–H bond (sub)nitration reaction in organic synthesis
Authors: Ma Jiaoli , Chen Pinzhu , Zeng Junli , Guo Penghu , Cheng Huicheng
Published: July 2024

Due to its low price, mild reaction conditions and high reactivity, tert-butyl nitrite, as a green and novel nitrification reagent, has attracted much attention and made promising progress.
Correction: Towards control of excitonic coupling in DNA-templated Cy5 aggregates: the principal role of chemical substituent hydrophobicity and steric interactions
Authors: Díaz Sebastián A. , Pascual Gissela , Patten Lance K. , Roy Simon K. , Meares Adam , Chiriboga Matthew , Susumu Kimihiro , Knowlton William B. , Cunningham Paul D. , Mathur Divita , Yurke Bernard , Medintz Igor L. , Lee Jeunghoon , Melinger Joseph S.
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘Towards control of excitonic coupling in DNA-templated Cy5 aggregates: the principal role of chemical substituent hydrophobicity and steric interactions’ by Sebastián A. Díaz et al., Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 3284–3299. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR05544A.
Correction: Atropisomeric 1-phenylbenzimidazoles affecting microtubule organization: influence of axial chirality
Authors: Pospíšilová Jana , Heger Tomáš , Kurka Ondřej , Kvasnicová Marie , Chládková Anna , Nemec Ivan , Rárová Lucie , Cankař Petr
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘Atropisomeric 1-phenylbenzimidazoles affecting microtubule organization: influence of axial chirality’ by Jana Pospíšilová et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ob00863d.
Therapeutic applications of responsive organic photocatalytic polymers, enabling in situ drug activation
Authors: Li Rong , Zhang Xueqing , Kim Seunghyeon , Mailänder Volker , Landfester Katharina , Ferguson Calum T. J.
Published: July 2024

Targeted prodrug activation within the acidic tumour microenvironment using pH-responsive photocatalytic nanomaterials.
Syntheses and supramolecular associations of block and grafted phosphonated- and sulfoned-silicone copolymers
Authors: Pouget Emmanuel , Holgado Garcia Erlea , Kostjuk Sergei V. , Vasilenko Irina V. , Longuet Claire , Lucas Patrice , Joly-Duhamel Christine , Ganachaud François
Published: July 2024

This paper presents some studies exploiting the ate-type addition of electron-withdrawing monomers to hydrogenosiloxane groups so as to generate original silicone materials.
Formation of uranium disulfide from a uranium thioamidate single-source precursor
Authors: Kelly Sheridon N. , Russo Dominic R. , Ouellette Erik T. , Roy Debashree , Swift Andrew J. , Boreen Michael A. , Smith Patrick W. , Moreau Liane M. , Arnold John , Minasian Stefan G.
Published: July 2024

A uranium (iv) thioamidate complex is used as a single-source precursor to uranium sulfide materials. Pyrolysis of the material yields crystalline γ-US2, an otherwise hard-to-obtain phase of the material.
A handheld laser-cut device for the size-controlled assembly and electrical characterisation of lipid bilayers
Authors: Huang Ji , Elani Yuval , Friddin Mark S.
Published: July 2024

We report the rapid fabrication of a handheld laser cut platform that can support the assembly, functionalisation, size-control and electrical characterisation of lipid bilayers.
DNA walker coupled with nicking endonuclease for sensitive electrochemical detection of saxitoxin
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Feng Shumin , Zhong Ruoxi , Peng Yuanchang , Mu Guoyuan , Bai Jiayi , Chen Wei , Qu Zhan
Published: July 2024

Based on DNA-based signal amplification strategies, a nicking endonuclease Nb.BbvCI powered DNA walker machine-based electrochemical aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity and good selectivity in the detection of STX.
An Effective Strategy of Object Instance Segmentation in Sonar Images
Authors: Shi Pengfei , Sun Huanru , He Qi , Wang Hanren , Fan Xinnan , Xin Yuanxue
Published: July 2024

Instance segmentation is a task that involves pixel‐level classification and segmentation of each object instance in images. Various CNN‐based methods have achieved promising results in natural image instance segmentation. However, the noise interference, low resolution, and blurred edges bring more significant challenges for sonar image instance segmentation. To solve these problems, we propose the Effective Strategy for Sonar Images Instance Segmentation (ESSIIS). We introduce ASception, a new network combining Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) and Extreme Inception (Xception). By integrating this with ResNet and transforming traditional convolutions into deformable convolutions, we further improve the ability of the network to extract features from sonar images. Additionally, we incorporate a bidirectional feature fusion module to enhance information fusion. Finally, we evaluate the detection accuracy and segmentation accuracy of the proposed method on the public sonar image dataset and the self‐constructed dataset. ESSIIS attains a detection accuracy of 0.981 and a segmentation accuracy of 0.951 on SCTD, further impressively achieving 0.986 in both metrics when appraised on our dataset. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method is more accurate, robust, and considerable for sonar image detection and segmentation.
Research on gradual planning scheme of power grid based on AHP and entropy weight method
Authors: Yu Zhang , Qingsheng Li , Zhen Li
Published: July 2024

The integration of renewable energy into power grid planning poses significant challenges. In this investigation, planning strategies across eight key indicators encompassing economic, reliability, environmental, and adaptability are assessed. Leveraging the analytical hierarchy process alongside the entropy weight method, subjective and objective weights are ascertained and comprehensive weights with parsimonious discriminative data are synthesized. Scores for planning strategies are then derived utilizing these weights. To illustrate and validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, it was applied to four schemes within the IEEE‐6 node system, incorporating wind and photovoltaic power plants.
Performance evaluation of coloured filters on PV panels in an outdoor environment
Authors: Geetha Anbazhagan , Usha S. , Padmanabhan Jagadish Babu , Palanisamy R. , Alexander Albert , Peter Geno , Ramkumar R. , Ganji Vivekananda
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate the effects of colour filters and tilt angles on the electrical output characteristics of solar photovoltaic modules. The experimental set‐up allowed for the evaluation of various combinations of colour filters and tilt angles by using a realistic simulation of solar panel installations. The various light spectrum wavelengths and energy levels were taken into account, keeping in mind any potential impacts on the solar cells' conversion efficiency. The results showed that compared to other filter combinations, the use of red colour filters with a 10% blockage rate and an optimal tilt angle led to a noticeable increase in electrical output. This result emphasises the value of colour filtering and tilt angle selection in raising solar photovoltaic systems' overall performance. When compared to the other filters, the red, orange, and yellow filters stand out due to their outstanding efficiency of around 84.98%, 84.08%, and 83.69%. However, the teal, green, and blue filters exhibit relatively low levels of efficiency of about 69.62%, 67.06%, and 58.52%, respectively. The distinct reaction shown by purple and pink filters, when subjected to tilt angle of 30 degrees, offers a potentially productive direction of enhancing the efficiency of PV panel.
Diet composition and feeding habits of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) from the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Krishnan Silambarasan , Antony Pillai Tiburtius , Chembian Antony Rayappan John , Yagappan Tharumar , Rajapandian Jeyabaskaran
Published: July 2024

Though yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is one of the important fishery resources in the Bay of Bengal, knowledge on its ecology, diet composition and feeding habits are limited from this area. In view of that, present study focuses on the diet composition and feeding habits of yellowfin tuna (YFT) hooked during exploratory longline survey conducted in the Indian EEZ of the Bay of Bengal during 2019–2021. A total of 213 specimens in the length range of 42.0 to 171.0 cm fork length (FL) were examined, of which 28.2% were empty while the remaining 71.8% contained at least one prey item. The modified Costello graphical method shows a wide range of prey items, with a few prey species that are dominant and can be found in high densities in the Bay of Bengal. Due to the fact that this apex predator is a generalist feeder, this might be the case. Cluster analysis based on the %IRI (Index of relative importance) identified two size groups. YFT with smaller (<80 cm FL) is one group. Crustaceans was the most frequently eaten prey in that group followed by cephalopods and teleostea. The second group consists of two length groups medium (81–120 FL), and larger (>120 FL), Cephalopods were the dominant prey items of this group and accounts for 62.0% in %IRI followed by teleostea 31.3% of the diet. Cephalopods (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) were the primary food consumed in all the size groups, followed by crustaceans (Charybdis smithii) and Teleost fishes (Cubiceps pauciradiatus). The dietary breadth and the occurrence of empty stomachs were significantly related to size of the yellowfin tuna. With increasing body size, diet breadth gradually increased while the percentage of empty stomachs declined. The yellowfin tuna diet does not vary significantly during the seasons. However, cephalopods were found in 53.5% of the IRI in their diet. Furthermore, there were notable seasonal changes in the percentage of empty stomachs, with the highest percentage observed during the monsoon season (38.3%).
Exploring the Research Progress and Application Prospects of Nanomaterials for Battery Positive and Negative Electrodes
Authors: Wu Yuxi
Published: July 2024

With the development of science and technology, conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can no longer meet the needs of people. Due to the large particles and small specific surface area of the traditional electrode materials in LIBs, the embedding and dislodging efficiency of lithium ions in the materials is low, thus limiting the energy density of the batteries. During the charging and discharging process, the conventional electrode materials are prone to volume expansion and structural damage, leading to capacity decay and performance degradation. In addition, the ion and electron transport properties of traditional electrode materials are poor, resulting in a limited charging and discharging rate of the battery. The emergence of nanotechnology has opened a new path for the development of battery technology. It not only significantly improves the energy density and power density of LIBs, but also helps to solve the problems of volume expansion and structural damage of LIBs during charging and discharging. More importantly, nanotechnology can improve the safety performance of LIBs. This paper mainly discusses the application of nanotechnology in the electrode materials of LIBs, analyzes the shortcomings of the existing technology, and looks forward to the development of LIBs.
Application of molybdenum disulfide material in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Linchen
Published: July 2024

In recent years, electric vehicles have been developing rapidly, the most important of which is the development of batteries. Electric vehicles have an increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and long cycle life. Due to the shortage of energy, researchers have conducted extensive research on battery materials and discovered the superiority of molybdenum disulfide as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Molybdenum disulfide has good physical and chemical properties. Its good conductivity, high specific capacity, and excellent cycle stability can make it a good electrode material. In this article, we studied in detail different synthesis methods of molybdenum disulfide, such as mechanical exfoliation, hydrothermal, and microwave methods. In addition, its various applications as anodes for lithium-ion batteries are also summarized, such as composite materials of molybdenum disulfide and carbon, composite materials of molybdenum disulfide and transition metal oxides, etc. Finally, this paper summarizes the research on molybdenum disulfide and introduces its shortcomings and future research and development directions.
Characteristics, Applications and Prospects of Nanobiomaterials
Authors: Huang Chenjie
Published: July 2024

The research on nanobiomaterials is of great significance for the intersection and development of physics, chemistry and biology, and has wide applications in biology, medicine, environmental science and other fields. This article classifies nanobiomaterials into metal-based, inorganic non-metallic and composite nanobiomaterials according to their composition, summarizes several typical preparation methods for different types of nanobiomaterials, such as ball milling, liquid phase reduction, template method, ultrasonic dispersion, etc., analyzes the characteristics of these preparation methods, summarizes the applications of nanobiomaterials in different fields, and makes prospects for their future development. Nanobiomaterials have diverse types and unique properties. The research on their properties is developing towards informatization and diversification. The preparation methods are numerous and moving towards high efficiency and green development. The breadth and depth of application fields continue to expand. This article makes a systematic summary of nanobiomaterials and prospects their development direction.
Advancements and Challenges in Electric Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Transportation
Authors: Yao Ziqian
Published: July 2024

The transition towards electrification in transportation systems emerges as a crucial response to the escalating challenge of emissions following the second industrial revolution. With fossil fuels reaching their practical and environmental limits, the shift to electricity as a primary power source has gained momentum, driven by advancements in material engineering and nanotechnology. This paper explores the evolution and current state of electric energy storage systems, including lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and emerging technologies like solid-state and lithium-sulfur batteries, highlighting their performance, advantages, and limitations. The paper comprehensively analyzed the technical, safety, and economic challenges facing current energy storage materials and devices, underscoring the impact of these limitations on the electrification of transportation. Furthermore, the paper discusses potential solutions and future pathways, emphasizing material innovation, policy support, and infrastructure development to overcome existing hurdles. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study aims to provide insights into the role of advanced energy storage systems in facilitating a sustainable and efficient transition to electric transportation, marking a significant stride towards reducing global emissions and enhancing public health.
Nanostructured Composites as High-Performance Anode Materials for Supercapacitors - Synthesis, Engineering Strategy, and Challenges
Authors: Ma Xinhui
Published: July 2024

As electric vehicles continue to rise in popularity, the quest for enhancements in their operational range and overall performance has led to an increasing demand for energy storage solutions with both high energy density and superior cycle performance. In response to this demand, supercapacitors have emerged as a highly promising technology, largely due to their exceptional cycle stability and rapid charge-discharge capabilities. Central to the advancements in supercapacitor technology is the development of anode electrode materials, which play a critical role in augmenting the energy storage capacity and efficiency of these devices. This article explores the synthesis and engineering strategies of nanocomposites, which are at the forefront of anode electrode material innovation. These nanocomposites, under their unique structural and compositional attributes, offer enhanced electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties, thereby significantly improving the performance of supercapacitors. However, despite the promising advances, there remain substantial challenges that need to be addressed. These include issues related to the scalability of production processes, the durability of materials under operational stress, and the optimization of the nanocomposites for specific applications. The article concludes by underscoring the need for ongoing research and development efforts aimed at overcoming these hurdles, which will be crucial for the realization of next-generation supercapacitors that meet the growing performance demands of electric vehicles and other applications.
Asymmetric Supercapacitors-New Power Sources for Electric Vehicles: Nanomaterials in Electrodes
Authors: Hu Ran
Published: July 2024

With the gradual increase in demand for new energy, new types of energy storage devices have rapidly developed in recent years. Currently, new energy batteries led by lithium-ion batteries have begun to be applied in the automotive field. However, lithium-ion batteries suffer from issues such as low energy density, slow charging rates, and short operational lifespans. To mitigate and address the drawbacks of lithium-ion batteries, researchers have begun developing supercapacitors. This article first categorizes and compares some common energy storage devices, concluding that supercapacitors have significant advantages in charging rates and stability. Then, based on the dimensionality of nanomaterials, it categorizes and compares electrode materials used in supercapacitors, discussing three ways of constructing electrodes using 1D, 2D, and 1D-2D combined materials. Through classification, comparison, and discussion, it ultimately concludes that growing nanomaterials on a millimeter-scale structural substrate effectively increases material specific surface area and stability, thereby greatly enhancing the performance of supercapacitors.
Advancements in Asymmetric Synthesis of Esomeprazole and Chiral Sulfoxide Drugs: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: Yu Jingwen
Published: July 2024

Chiral sulfoxides are widely present in biologically active molecules and pharmaceuticals, and their efficient and green synthesis has been a hot research topic. This article reviews three main methods employed in the industrial-scale synthesis of esomeprazole: transition metal catalysis, bio-enzyme catalysis, and oxaziridine oxidation. The advantages, disadvantages, and innovative progress of each method are discussed, and the challenges faced in large-scale production are analyzed. Solutions such as catalyst design, reaction process optimization, and continuous flow processes are proposed, pointing out directions for achieving efficient and green manufacturing of chiral sulfoxides drugs, which is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of related industries.
Advancements in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Xinyu
Published: July 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy nowadays symbolizes an innovative paradigm of neoplasm immunotherapy that employs genetic engineering techniques to empower T cells and make it have a capability to precisely identify tumor-associated antigens, thereby unleashing potent anti-tumor responses. The remarkable success observed in leukemia and lymphoma treatment has shown the possibility for extending CAR-T therapy’s potential to solid tumors. In the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prevailing form of primary hepatic malignancy, diagnosis frequently occurs during advanced stages, imposing significant challenges. The current options available for managing HCC are notably limited, and though previous research has showcased the feasibility of CAR-T cell application, achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes has remained elusive. This phenomenon can be induced by various factors including adverse effects ， tumor microenvironment, the diversity inherent in tumor antigens, heightened intratumor pressures and the immunosuppressive context within exhaustion of CAR-T Cells. All of these reasons undermine the effectiveness of this therapy and a multitude of ongoing clinical investigations and preclinical research are underway to overcome these hurdles. This comprehensive review concisely outlines the function of this therapy, existing targets of HCC treatment and examines the current impediments and offers potential resolutions within the context of HCC.
Research of Organ-on-a-chip and its application
Authors: Sun Shukang
Published: July 2024

Material selection for Organ-on-a-Chip fabrication is a complex process, necessitating careful consideration of multiple factors. This comprehensive assessment involves detailed scrutiny of five materials—PDMS, glass, silicon, hydrogel, and PMMA—each accompanied by an intricate exploration of their specific properties. Moreover, thoroughly evaluating the associated costs contributes to the decision-making process, ensuring optimal material choices aligned with the intended applications. Furthermore, this discourse extends to an in-depth discussion of distinct organoids, including lung, liver, kidney, and skin chips. This comprehensive analysis delves into the principles underpinning their functionality, the intricate structures replicating organ features, and a forward-looking evaluation of their development prospects. By delving into the essence of each organoid, a holistic understanding of their potential in revolutionizing disease modeling, drug testing, and personalized medicine is elucidated. The narrative culminates in the introduction of the groundbreaking combined multi-organic chip system. This integration of various organoid models represents a significant stride towards emulating the interconnectedness of organs within the human body. This futuristic approach lays the foundation for a dynamic and intricate system that provides a holistic view of complex physiological interaction.
Advances in the application of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Zhengpei
Published: July 2024

With the continuous development of social science and technology, micro-area information has become an important part of modern material information research, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a new type of scanning electron microscope (SEM) developed in recent years. ESEM follows the principle of scanning electron microscopy and uses high-energy electron beams to hit the surface of an object, transforming the surface morphology into electrical signals that characterize brightness. Compared to traditional scanning electron microscopes, ESEM does not require samples to be dry, clean, and conductive. In addition, it can also observe and analyse samples in atmospheric and other environments and is widely used in multiple disciplines such as life sciences, medicine, and materials science. Therefore, this paper introduces the composition and working principle of ESEM describes the basic features of ESEM, and introduces the applications of ESEM in different fields, aiming to provide a reference role for the development of ESEM.
The Relationship between Type II Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Han Weijia
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) currently stands as a prominent focal point in contemporary research, ranking among the top ten causes of death worldwide. At the same time, diabetes has also secured its position as the third most prevalent ailment in developed countries. While more and more people are paying attention to these two diseases, it is worth noting that certain researchers have posited that type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a substantial influence on the development of AD. However, there is still a lack of unified explanation of underlying mechanics framework and extent of its influence remains elusive. This review will explore the risk factors, shared mechanisms, and convergent signaling pathways that contribute to AD and T2D, with an emphasis on the participation of mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. The relationship between AD and T2D is still unknown. Nonetheless, understanding the common mechanisms and signaling pathways of this harmful interchange between AD and T2D may offer new avenues for identifying potential therapeutic targets and devising effective treatment strategies.
Drugs and clinical prospects for the treatment of atherosclerosis
Authors: Liang Ying , Liu Minhui , Xu Mingyu , Yang Shiyu
Published: July 2024

Atherosclerosis is a disease that occurs in blood vessels and is also responsible for numerous diseases, including coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction. It can affect the function of many organs of the human body, cause great damage to human health, and the incidence is high in the middle-aged and elderly people. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is very complex, which is the result of inflammation caused by lipid deposition on the blood vessel wall. At present, aspirin is the most commonly used drug in clinic. It has strong anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects. In addition, high density lipoprotein, or HDL, can transport cholesterol in the blood vessels, and it does exert some influence on the treatment of atherosclerosis, but the exact therapeutic pathway is still the subject of ongoing research. This paper illustrates the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and introduces the mechanism and feasibility of two therapeutic modalities, aspirin and HDL, and gives a reasonable future research direction.
CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer therapy: Revolutionizing oncology through targeted gene editing
Authors: Deng Huinan
Published: July 2024

One of the major illnesses that poses a substantial threat to people’s health is cancer, and finding medical research has always placed a lot of emphasis on efficient and feasible techniques. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology has characteristics of simplicity, efficiency and strong targeting. It can treat some difficult diseases with gene basis, especially cancer by editing DNA sequences, and has great potential for development in tumor treatment. Some technologies have entered the clinical human experimental stage. The review mainly provides an overview of gene editing technology, CRIPSR-Cas9 system, and its research in tumor treatment, exploring the problems it faces in clinical treatment, and providing prospects for the future application of this technology in tumor treatment.
High pressure excursion in a radial design oxygenator
Authors: Svec Ashley , Eadie Tyler , D’Aloiso Brandon , Arlia Peter
Published: July 2024

Oxygenator high-pressure (HPE) is a phenomenon that can occur during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in which the oxygenator inlet pressure increases rapidly, thereby limiting flow. Most perfusionists globally do not use inlet oxygenator pressure monitoring and therefore HPE is not often recognized. HPE may occur for various reasons, and it is not fully understood. Patient factors that put a patient at a higher risk of HPE are increased body surface area, blood type, and hematocrit count. Patient size, blood flow, and pressure drops of the oxygenator incorporated into the circuit can also increase the probability of an HPE occurring. This case study overviews our experience when dealing with an interesting case of HPE and the most up-to-date knowledge on appropriate steps to mitigate the effects on the patient.
À propos du colloque du centre d’Alembert « Promesses des sciences, sciences des promesses »
Authors: Berdah Delphine , Noûs Camille
Published: July 2024

Quelles conséquences ont les promesses technoscientifiques sur l’activité scientifique, sur nos sociétés et sur les relations sciences-sociétés ? Comment la politique et l’administration des sciences inscrivent-elles la promesse dans les pratiques des chercheurs ? Le colloque du centre d’Alembert intitulé « Promesses des sciences, sciences des promesses » s’est penché sur ces questions en croisant les regards et analyses de chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales et en sciences expérimentales. Au cœur des projets qui gouvernent et financent les activités de recherche, les promesses s’appuient sur des imaginaires sociotechniques puissants capables de convaincre différents publics, de capter et d’orienter toutes les ressources vers des choix technologiques qui conditionnent notre futur à travers des chemins d’innovation, sans réel débat ni appréciations des conséquences.
The optimal decision of service provider considering extra waiting area value-added services – pooled or dedicated?
Authors: Wentao Zhan , Jida Liu , Xuchuan Yuan , Xiaotong Huang , Minghui Jiang
Published: July 2024

Service providers often provide chargeable extra waiting area value-added services (EWS) to enhance customers’ waiting experiences, e.g., in VIP and business lounges at airports, train stations, luxury brand stores, etc., to improve profitability. The impact of EWS on customers’ value perception is subject to their heterogeneous sensitivities and also depends on the reference effect due to EWS’ observable status. This paper investigates the optimal level of EWS and price decisions for a service provider facing heterogeneous customers, namely the EWS-preferring (E-type) customers and ordinary (O-type) customers, considering the observable status (observable vs. unobservable) of EWS using pooled or dedicated capacities in operations through M/M/1 queue models. The optimal price and level are solved and the optimal profit is calculated under each scenario. It is found that customers’ heterogeneous sensitivities play an important role in the price and intensity decisions. Offering observable EWS to leverage the reference effect in customers’ value perception can lead to a higher profit. Furthermore, using pooled capacity in operations with EWS is more profitable when service costs are higher. These results offer significant managerial implications and provide practical guidelines for service providers regarding the intensity of EWS, service price, and whether EWS should be observable to customers through pooled or dedicated capacities.
S2k-Leitlinie „Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten“ – Teil 1: Basisdiagnostik von Funktionsstörungen des unteren Harntraktes beim geriatrischen Patienten
Authors: Kirschner-Hermanns Ruth , Becher Klaus , Bojack Barbara , Drews Claudia , Wiedemann Andreas
Published: July 2024

Einleitung 1/2023 wurde das dritte Update der seit 2005 bei der AWMF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft wissenschaftlich-medizinischer Fachgesellschaften) gelisteten und fortlaufend aktualisierten Leitlinie „Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten – Diagnostik und Therapie“ durch die interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe „Harninkontinenz“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geriatrie (DGG) publiziert. Aus dieser Leitlinie, die als offizielle Leitlinie DGG akkreditiert ist, stellt der vorliegende Artikel das Kapitel „Diagnostik“ dar.

Methodik In einem strukturierten Bewertungsprozess identifizierte eine Literaturrecherche zunächst die vorhandene Literatur im Kontext des „geriatrischen Patienten“, wie er als zumeist über 70jährig und multimorbid oder über 80jährig durch die Fachgesellschaften definiert ist. Primäre Berücksichtigung fanden randomisierte, doppelblinde, Plazebo-kontrollierte Studien sowie bereits vorhandene Leitlinien zum Thema. Wo keine solchen Untersuchungen vorlagen oder aus methodischen Gründen prinzipiell nicht durchführbar sind, wurden auch Publikationen anderer Designs (nicht randomisierte Untersuchungen, Fallkontrollstudien) zur Leitlinienerstellung herangezogen. Die daraus resultierenden Leitlinienempfehlungen wurden einem strukturierten Abstimmungsprozess unterzogen und abschließend Deligierten relevanter Fachgesellschaften vorgelegt.

Ergebnisse Die klassische Basisdiagnostik, die erweiterte Diagnostik mit urologisch-instrumentellen Untersuchungsmethoden und Inkontinenzassessments wurden bewertet und hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit für den geriatrischen Patienten überprüft. Es galt, besonders invasive Untersuchungen auf ihre Anwendbarkeit beim geriatrischen Patienten zu untersuchen bzw. die Aussagekraft eines reduzierten Untersuchungsumfanges zu evaluieren. So bedürfen diese Untersuchungen ein Mindestmaß an Compliance Restmobilität und daher einer besonders sorgfältigen Indikationsstellung. Dies gilt insbesondere bei Versagen der Primärtherapie, vor geplanter operativer Therapie, oder wenn die geplante Therapie spezielle Risiken birgt.

Schlussfolgerungen Der in der Regel hochbetagte, vulnerable und multimorbide Patient bedarf bezüglich der eingesetzten Diagnostik bzw. ihres Umfanges auch bei Harninkontinenz einer differenzierten Betrachtung unter Einschluss seiner kognitiven und funktionellen Reserven und der erwarteten Aussagekraft der Untersuchungsmethoden.
„Es muss laufen“ – Medizinische Fachangestellte und ihre Erfahrungen
im Impfmanagement während der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Suslow Anastasia , Schlößler Kathrin , Chikhradze Nino , Lauer Romy , Christian Vollmar Horst , Otte Ina Carola
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Mit Beginn der Impfkampagne gegen Covid-19 in hausärztlichen
Praxen kam für die Medizinischen Fachangestellten (MFA) ein neuer und
arbeitsintensiver Aufgabenbereich hinzu. Zusätzlich zu ihren bereits bestehenden
Aufgaben und den Herausforderungen, die Covid-19 mit sich brachte, mussten Sie
die Impfungen organisieren, planen, z.T. durchführen und die Dokumentation
nachbereiten.

Methode Im Zeitraum von April bis September 2021 wurden 21
semi-strukturierte Leitfadeninterviews mit MFA durchgeführt. Insbesondere in
Anbetracht des Zeitpunktes der Interviewdurchführung, wurde nach dem
Arbeitsalltag und der damit verbundenen Impforganisation gefragt. Die Interviews
wurden anschließend mithilfe der Software MAXQDA in Anlehnung an die Qualitative
Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz ausgewertet.

Ergebnis Die MFA bemängelten eine fehlende Organisation und Transparenz in
der Planung und Umsetzung der Impfungen. Jede Impfung musste vor- und
nachbereitet werden; dies wurde als immenser bürokratischer Aufwand
wahrgenommen. Mehrarbeit und Stress waren die Folge. Zusätzlich mussten sich die
MFA mit herausfordernden Patient*innen auseinandersetzen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Erfahrungen der MFA sollten in Zukunft angemessen
berücksichtigt werden, um Handlungsempfehlungen für den Umgang mit einer
erhöhten Nachfrage nach Impfungen während einer Pandemie zu erstellen.
Zukünftige Leitlinien sollten die Rolle der MFA angemessen berücksichtigen und
diese durch eine sinnvolle Organisation entlasten und unterstützen.
Evaluating the Usefulness of Population-Wide COVID-19 Testing in the
Omicron Era: Insights from a German Model
Authors: Gandjour Afschin
Published: July 2024

Background The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, which has become dominant
worldwide since late 2021, presents a unique challenge due to its high rate of
asymptomatic transmission. This study evaluates the efficacy and value of
population-wide testing, including self-testing, in the context of COVID-19,
particularly under the Omicron variant, using data from Germany.

Methods A decision-analytical model and secondary data was used for
assessing the impact of systematic screening and testing for COVID-19. Various
scenarios were taken into consideration including seasonal patterns of COVID-19
transmission and the potential for annual waves. The model assessed the clinical
benefits of testing against the backdrop of vaccine effectiveness, transmission
rates, and the potential to prevent severe clinical events, including death, ICU
admission, and long COVID syndrome.

Results The study found that the value of mass testing and self-testing
for private use was highly contingent on the transmission rate and the scenario
of COVID-19 waves (seasonal vs. continuous). For winter waves, a very high
incidence rate was required to justify testing, while for continuous waves,
testing could be valuable for those in contact with individuals in their last
decade of life. The analysis highlighted the limitations of mass testing when
community transmission rates were low and the potential value of testing in
high-risk contacts or amidst new outbreaks.

Conclusion The findings suggest that the resumption of testing during
winter waves is unlikely to provide significant clinical benefits given the
current understanding of Omicron’s transmission and immunity waning. This study
underscores the need for a nuanced approach to COVID-19 testing policies,
considering both the epidemiological context and the practical implications of
testing strategies.