bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perkembangan Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia Terhadap Tiongkok dalam Kerjasama Meningkatkan Ekspor Crude Palm Oil Tahun 2020-2023
Authors: Cantika Suci , Nuzulian Ully , Iriansyah Adibrata , Nugrahaningsih Nurfitri , Suratiningsih Dewi
Published: December 2024

Kegiatan perdagangan ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO) tahun 2020-2023 Indonesia ke Tiongkok mengalami naik turun volume ekspor yang disebabkan oleh cuaca yang ekstrim dan harga minyak nabati serta minyak bumi yang tinggi. Dalam menganalisa isu, penulis menggunakan konsep kerjasama internasional dan teori diplomasi ekonomi, serta metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif yang bersumber dari wawancara dan penelitian kepustakaan. Pada indikator economic salesmanship, Presiden, Kementerian Perdagangan, dan KBRI Beijing menjadi aktor yang menjalankan diplomasi ekonomi dalam peningkatan ekspor CPO. Pada indikator economic networking and advocacy, GAPKI, APKASINDO, dan GIMNI menjadi stakeholder yang paling gencar mempromosikan CPO Indonesia. Pada indikator image building, Indonesia membangun citra positif perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan membuat sertifikat ISPO, industrialisasi komoditas CPO menjadi produk olahan, dan mengadakan seminar internasional. Kemudian pada indikator regulatory management and resource mobilization, Indonesia dan Tiongkok telah menyetujui regulasi perjanjian perdagangan bebas ACFTA.
Kata Kunci: Diplomasi Ekonomi, Indonesia-Tiongkok; Minyak Kelapa Sawiti.
Benthic Marine Diatom Flora (Bacillariophyta) of Yap, Micronesia: Preliminary Annotated List, Excluding Mastogloia, with Some New Mangrove Species
Authors: Lobban Christopher S. , Tharngan Bernadette G.
Published: December 2024

Yap diatoms from freshwater streams through estuaries and mangroves to the marine coral reefs had been sampled in 1988 and 2014 and a few species from the 1988 collections described in a 2009 report. The present paper documents 168 new records, including seven new species, mostly from coral reef habitats, but including some interesting new species from mangroves, and incorporates records published in taxonomic papers. In addition, 44 Mastogloia records were published separately, bringing the taxon total to 245. In the present paper, 31 records are new for Micronesia, while many others are species described from neighboring Guam in the past 15 years. The total represents probably less than one-quarter of the species present on the reef because many specimens of Navicula, Nitzschia, Amphora, etc., have so far been identified only to genus. Floristic studies of benthic diatoms are limited partly by the shortage of taxonomic studies, and we present the taxa for which we can make reasonable arguments for identification, supporting light microscopy with scanning electron micrographs whenever possible. New taxa include Ehrenbergiopsis gen. nov. for Ehrenbergiulva hauckii; Bidulphiella cuniculopsis sp. nov.; Campylodiscus tatreauae sp. nov.; Cymatoneis belauensis from Palau and Cymatoneis yapensis from Yap; Diploneis denticulata sp. nov.; Entomoneis yudinii sp. nov.; and Nitzschia pseudohybridopsis sp. nov. Interesting new records include: Achnanthes cf. brevipes; Actinocyclus decussatus; Caloneis ophiocephala; Licmophora cf. hastata; Lyrella cf. rudiformis; and an unidentified cymatosiroid. One sediment sample included the remains of a planktonic community with Chaetoceros peruvianus, Skeletonema grevillei, Thalassiothrix gibberula and two species of Lioloma, rarely seen in the oligotrophic waters of Micronesia.
Adaptive GCN and Bi-GRU Based Dual-Branch for Motor lmagery EEG Decoding
Authors: Wu Ye Lan , Cao Pu Gang , Xu Meng , Zhang Yue , Lian Xiao Qin , Yu Chong Chong
Published: December 2024

Decoding motor imagery electroencephalography (MI-EEG) signals presents significant challenges due to the difficulty in capturing the complex functional connectivity between channels and the temporal dependencies of EEG signals across different periods. These challenges are exac- erbated by the low spatial resolution and high signal redundancy inherent in EEG signals, which traditional linear models struggle to address. To overcome these issues, we propose a novel dual- branch framework that integrates an Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network (Adaptive GCN) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (Bi-GRU) to enhance the decoding performance of MI-EEG sig- nals by effectively modeling both channel correlations and temporal dependencies. The Chebyshev Type Il filter decomposes the signal into multiple sub-bands giving the model frequency domain insights. The Adaptive GCN, specifically designed for the MI-EEG context, captures functional connectivity between channels more effectively than conventional GCN models, enabling accurate spatial-spectral feature extraction. Furthermore, combining Bi-GRU and Multi-Head Attention (MHA) captures the temporal dependencies across different time segments to extract deep time-spectral features. Finally, feature fusion is performed to generate the final prediction results. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves an average classification accuracy of 80.38% on the BCI-IV Dataset 2a and 87.49% on the BCI-I Dataset 3a, outperforming other state-of-the-art decoding approaches. This approach lays the foundation for future exploration of personalized and adaptive brain-computer interface (BCI) systems.
Association Between Adolescents Abuse Exposure and the Risk of Suicide: A 15-Year Experience in Taiwan
Authors: Sung Chieh , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Sun Chien-An , Tsao Chang-Huei , Ng Daphne Yih , Weng Tsu-Hsuan , Fann Li-Yun , Lin Fu-Huang , Chien Wu-Chien
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: According to 2023 Ministry of Health and Welfare statistics, the suicide rate among adolescents aged 15 to 24 has steadily increased since 2018, from 3.7 to 5.5 per 100,000 populations, reaching a recent high. Although previous studies have pointed out that the risk of suicide in the future of those who had suffered from abuse was higher than that of the general population, seldom the researches focused on adolescent groups. Therefore, this aim of the study was exploring the risk of suicide after youth abuse and the impact of subsequent comorbid mental illness and suicide risk. Methods: This retrospective matched-cohort study analyzed data from the NHIRD covering the period from 2000 to 2015.A total of 976 cases aged 10-18 who had experienced abuse. Controlled group was conducted by 1:10 matching based on gender, age and time of medical treatment, and a control group who had no experienced violence was selected for comparison. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the risk of suicide among adolescents after exposure to violence. Results: The suicide rate among adolescents who have experienced violence was significantly higher than that of the control group after 15 years of follow-up (1.0% vs. 0.5%). The prevalence of mental illness or disorders in adolescents exposed to violence was significantly higher than in the control group (45.2% vs. 40.1%). Among adolescents who had experienced violence, the methods of suicide included poisoning (solid and liquid) (53.6% vs. 43.2%), hanging (1.2% vs. 0.6%), firearms (2.4% vs. 0%), and cutting instruments (27.4% vs. 22.8%), all of which were significantly higher than in the control group. After adjusting for gender, age, residential area, and mental health comorbidities, the risk of suicide in those who had experienced Abuse was 1.475 times that of the control group (95% CI = 1.125–1.933; P = 0.005). Conclusions: In this study, female gender, younger age, comorbid depression, and substance abuse were identified as risk factors for suicide among adolescent victims of violence. Exposure to youth violence was associated with an increased prevalence of emotional disorders, including depression and social isolation, which subsequently elevated the suicide risk. These findings underscore the urgent need for governmental attention to the mental health of adolescent victims of violence. Implementing targeted psychological support and intervention programs could play a crucial role in mitigating the risk of suicide among this vulnerable population.
Insights into Solea senegalensis Reproduction through Gonadal Tissue Methylation Analysis and Transcriptomic Integration
Authors: Ramirez Torres Daniel , Romero Marco Anaya , Rodriguez MARIA ESTHER , ARIAS PEREZ ALBERTO , Mukiibi Robert , Carreras Helena DCotta , Robledo Diego , Rebordinos Gonzalez Laureana
Published: December 2024

Fish exhibit diverse mechanisms of sex differentiation and determination, influenced by both external and internal factors, often regulated by distinct DNA methylation patterns responding to environmental changes. In S. senegalensis aquaculture, reproductive issues in captivity pose significant challenges, particularly the lack of fertilization capabilities in captive-bred males, hindering genetic improvement measures. This study analyzed the methylation patterns and transcriptomic profiles in gonadal tissue DNA from groups differing in rearing conditions and sexual maturity stages. RRBS was employed to identify significant methylation differences among the studied groups, while RNA was extracted and sequenced for differential expression analysis. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation significantly regulates gene expression, acting as a mechanism that can both repress and enhance gene expression depending on the genomic context. The complexity of this epigenetic mechanism is evident from the varying levels of methylation and correlation rates observed in different CpGs neighboring specific genes linked to reproduction. Differential methylation comparisons revealed the highest number of differently methylated CpGs between maturation stages, followed by rearing conditions, and lastly between sexes. These findings underscore the crucial role of methylation in regulating gene expression and its potential role in sex differentiation, highlighting the complex interplay between epigenetic modifications and gene expression.
Patterns of Brain Injury and Clinical Outcomes Related to Trauma from Motor Vehicle Collisions
Authors: Sharma Bharti , Agcon Aubrey May B , Agriantonis George , Kiernan Samantha , Bhatia Navin D. , Twelker Kate , Shafaee Zahra , Whittington Jennifer
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Background: Despite improvements in technology and safety measures, injuries from motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) continue to be prevalent. Therefore, our goal is to investigate the different patterns of head injuries associated with MVCs. Method: This is a single-center, retrospective study of patients with motor vehicle-related trauma between January 1, 2016- December 31, 2023, inclusive. Patients were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) injury codes and the Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) for body region involvement. Result: 536 patients met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the injured population includes pedestrians (46.8%) followed by motorcycle drivers (25.2%), bicyclists (18.7%), and motor vehicle drivers (9.3%). The male-to-female ratios for bicyclists and motorcyclists were 13.7:1 and 11.9:1, respectively, which is higher compared to motor vehicle occupants and pedestrians, with ratios of 2.3:1 and 1.5:1. Patients with blunt trauma (99.63%) were higher than penetrating trauma (0.37%). In most cases, the head had the highest AIS score, with a mean of 3.7. Additionally, the median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 20. Skull fractures were the most prevalent, followed by hemorrhages, lacerations, contusions, and abrasions. The analysis using the Phi coefficient suggested that patients who experience cerebral hemorrhage are somewhat likely also to have cerebellar hemorrhage. Conclusion: The most prevalent injuries were head injuries and fractures. Fractures were the most common, followed by hemorrhage, laceration, contusion, and abrasion. These findings underscore the high incidence of TBI and fractures in such MVCs, highlighting the need for targeted trauma interventions and the need for injury prevention strategies to mitigate these severe outcomes.
Elevated Plasmodium Sporozoite Infection Rates in Primary and Secondary Malaria Vectors in Anopheles stephensi-Infested Areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Hawaria Dawit , Amanuel Timotwos , Anbesie Abriham , Zhong Daibin , Kibret Solomon , Lee Ming-Chieh , Zhou Guofa , Wang Chloe , Chen Jiale , Matewos Tafesse , Ejeso Amanuel , Ayele Chirotaw , Yosef Temesgen , Yewhalaw Delenesaw , Yan Guiyun
Published: December 2024

Evaluating blood meal sources and sporozoite infection rates of mosquito vectors species is important to determine their role in malaria transmission. The study assessed these parameters among malaria vectors in an area recently invaded by Anopheles stephensi. Adult mosquito surveys were conducted in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia between January 2023 and April 2023. Three adult mosquito collection tools were utilized: BG-Pro Traps, CDC Light Traps, and Prokopack Aspirator. Blood meal sources and sporozoite infection rates were determined using qPCR. Overall, 738 female Anopheles mosquitoes were collected, composed of An. arabiensis (72.9%), An. pharoensis (13.4%), An. stephensi (7.5%), and An. coustani (6.2%). The Human Blood Index (HBI) was 23.3% for An. arabiensis, 43.8% for An. pharoensis, 8.3% for An. stephensi and 25.0% for An. coustani. Of the mosquitoes tested, 8% of An. arabiensis and 4.7% of An. pharoensis were Plasmodium-positive, while An. stephensi and An. coustani showed no infection.
The study documented multiple efficient malaria vectors, with high Plasmodium infection rates in both primary and secondary malaria vectors, highlighting the importance of secondary vectors in malaria transmission and the need to target them in malaria vector surveillance and control efforts. The coexistence of An. stephensi alongside efficient native vectors complicates malaria control strategies, necessitating continuous monitoring to better understand their evolving roles in malaria transmission.
Generation of Harmful Aldehydes in Edible Oils During Sunlight Exposure and Deep-Frying Analyzed by High-Field 1H-NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Freis Anna Meike , Vemulapalli Sahithya Phani Babu
Published: December 2024

Edible oils are essential dietary components that provide crucial micronutrients. However, their quality can deteriorate during frying - a common cooking method and with prolonged light exposure, due to chemical reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and polymerization. These processes lead to the formation of harmful compounds, particularly aldehydes. This study investigates how thermal and light exposure impact the chemical composition of five widely used edible oils: olive, rapeseed, sunflower, sesame, and peanut oils. For thermal treatment, oils were heated to 190 ± 5 °C in a commercial fryer, with samples taken at the start, 10 minutes, and 60 minutes of heating, while intermittently frying chicken nuggets to simulate typical frying conditions. For light exposure treatment, oil samples were exposed to direct sunlight for 3 and 8 hours, with control samples collected beforehand. Oil composition was analyzed using an advanced 800 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument with a triple resonance inverse cryoprobe, providing high sensitivity and resolution. The results revealed a significant increase in various aldehyde compounds in all oils under both thermal and light exposure conditions. Notably, the study identified the generation of genotoxic and cytotoxic α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, including 4-hydroperoxy-(E)-2-alkenals, 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-alkenals, and 4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-alkenals. Given the established association of aldehydes with health risks, including cancer, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases, these findings highlight the importance of monitoring oil degradation during cooking and appropriate storage of oils to minimize light exposure, to reduce potential health risks. Further research is needed to identify the factors that accelerate the formation of toxic compounds in edible oils, with the goal of developing guidelines to minimize associated health risks.
Antiplasmodial and Antioxidant Activity of Vernonia blumeoides, a Medicinal Plant Used in Cameroon to Treat Malaria
Authors: Mahel Batana Frank Lilian , Ngouana Vincent , Madiesse Kemgne Eugenie Aimée , Pone Kamdem Boniface , Tsakem Nangap Marius Jaures , Kemzeu Raoul , Makemteu Junelle , Dize Darline , Tsouh Fokou Patrick Valere , Tenkeu Armel Cyrille , Keilah Lunga Paul , Teponno Rémy Bertrand , Azefack Tapondjou Léon , Fekam Boyom Fabrice
Published: December 2024

Background: Malaria is a parasitic disease that affects many parts of the globe, especially sub-Saharan Africa. Over time, malaria parasites have become resistant to most antimalarial drugs, including artemisinin. Medicinal plants, which are used in the traditional treatment of malaria can afford effective drugs against this notorious disease. One such plant includes Vernonia blumeoides, which is used in the treatment of parasitic diseases, including malaria. Thus the scientific validation of the use of Vernonia blumeoides in ethnomedicine is of outstanding importance. Objectives: This study sought to investigate the antiplasmodial and antioxidant activity of extracts from Vernonia blumeoides; Methods: Vernonia blumeoides ethanol extract was obtained by maceration, and then subjected to phytochemical screening using standard protocols. The as-prepared extract was partitioned using solvents of increasing polarity to afford hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions, and the water residue. The antiplasmodial potential of extract and fractions was determined by the Sybr green method. Antioxidant activity of V. blumeoides extracts was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Cytotoxicity test was performed on murine macrophage Raw cells using the resazurin test; Results: The ethanol extract was obtained as a brown powder and the yield of extraction was found to be 43.95%. The phytochemical screening of this extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and glycosides. Upon antiplasmodial screening against P. falciparum Dd2 and 3D7, the median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of extract and fractions from V. blumeoides ranged from 4.70 to >100 µg/ml, with ethyl acetate extract having the lowest IC50 value and highest activity. Vernonia blumeoides extracts exhibited antioxidant activity with median scavenging concentrations ranging from 31.17 to 124.1 µg/mL, 50.84 to 500 µg/mL, and 33.95 to 500 µg/mL for ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. Cytotoxicity test of V. blumeoides extracts on Raw cells revealed non toxicity; Conclusions: This novel contribution demonstrated the antiplasmodial activity of V. blumeoides extracts, thus validating the ethnopharmacological use of this plant in the treatment of malaria symptoms. Nonetheless, in depth studies on the mechanisms of action, in vivo toxicity, as well as pharmacokinetic experiments are warranted for the successful utilization of this plant in ethnomedicine.
Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus sp. and Enterococcus sp. Isolated from Surface Water—A Preliminary Report
Authors: Kovács Ádám Martin , Ombula Kimba Duncan , Nyaga Florence Wangechi , Csivincsik Ágnes
Published: December 2024

Water as a vehicle of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a well-known phenomenon. Therefore, One Health inspired surveillance campaign to detect circulation of antimicrobial resistance through the ecosystem are very often based on investigation of water samples. Bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus are good models in One Health research because of their ubiquitous occurrence and effortless isolation techniques. In this study, we aimed to compare different types of water sources as potential spreaders of AMR staphylococci and enterococci in the ecosystem. For this reason, we took water samples from the Drava River and small waterholes in a forest area. We hypothesised that rivers could collect diverse bacteria and resistance from the catchment area, while forest waterholes gather bacterial contamination from the local wildlife, thus a less diverse resistant bacterial community characterise them. From 22 and 10 water samples, collected from waterholes and the Drava River active floodplain, we isolated 21 and 13 bacterial strains, respectively. The bacterial community of the river proved more diverse, while waterhole samples contained resistant bacteria to more antimicrobials. In waterhole samples, we detected two methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus strains. The most conspicuous difference between the two habitats was the predominance of multidrug resistant S. sciuri in the forest waterholes. We could conclude that water could be a good indicator of AMR contamination of the ecosystem, and large-scale sampling could reveal the exact epidemiological role of different water habitats.
Hereditary Breast Cancer: Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Manna Eliza Del Fiol , Serrano Davide , Cazzaniga Laura , Mannucci Sara , Zanzottera Cristina , Fava Francesca , Aurilio Gaetano , Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , Risti Matilde , Calvello Mariarosaria , Feroce Irene , Marabelli Monica , Altemura Cecilia , Bertario Lucio , Bonanni Bernardo , Lazzeroni Matteo
Published: December 2024

Women carrying pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in moderate- or high-penetrance genes have an increased risk of developing breast cancer. However, most P/LP variants associated with breast cancer risk show incomplete penetrance. Age, gender, family history, polygenic risk, lifestyle, reproductive, hormonal, and environmental factors can affect the expressivity and penetrance of the disease. However, there are gaps in translating how individual genomic variation affects phenotypic presentation. The expansion of criteria for genetic testing and the increasing utilization of comprehensive genetic panels may enhance the identification of individuals carrying P/LP variants linked to hereditary breast cancer. Individualized risk assessment could facilitate the implementation of personalized risk-reduction strategies for these individuals. Preventive interventions encompass lifestyle modifications, chemoprevention, enhanced surveillance through breast imaging, and risk-reducing surgeries. This review addresses the current literature's inconsistencies and limitations, particularly regarding risk factors and the intensity of preventive strategies for women with P/LP variants in moderate- and high-penetrance genes. In addition, it synthesizes the latest evidence on risk assessment and primary and secondary prevention in women at high risk of breast cancer.
A Nuanced Perspective on Dark Energy: Extended Classical Mechanics
Authors: Thakur Soumendra Nath
Published: December 2024

This study presents an advanced extension of classical mechanics to examine photon dynamics and its parallels with cosmological phenomena, particularly dark energy. Central to this framework is the concept of effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ), a dynamic property uniting rest mass (Mᴍ) and apparent mass (Mᵃᵖᵖ). For photons, which have zero rest mass, their apparent mass dictates their energy-momentum exchanges and response to forces, culminating in the reformulated force equation: F = −Mᵃᵖᵖaᵉᶠᶠ. The study reinterprets Newton’s law of gravitation by integrating effective mass, allowing for ground breaking scenarios where negative apparent mass yields negative gravitational mass when −Mᵃᵖᵖ. This phenomenon echoes the behaviour of dark energy (Mᴅᴇ<0), which accelerates the universe's expansion by generating antigravitational effects.By linking photon dynamics and dark energy, this study unveils a shared mechanism: negative effective mass. This revelation provides a unifying perspective on the interplay between energy and momentum across quantum and cosmological scales, paving the way for a cohesive understanding of gravitational dynamics and fundamental forces.This nuanced exploration of photon dynamics offers significant insights for understanding the force of antigravity caused by dark energy, even when dark energy remains physically imperceptible and elusive. By extending classical mechanics to incorporate dynamic mass properties, this framework enables better mathematical modelling of the enigmatic force driving cosmic acceleration.By bridging classical and quantum mechanics with cosmological frameworks, this study deepens our understanding of gravitational interactions and lays the groundwork for future research into the universe’s fundamental workings. The cohesive interpretation of negative effective mass presented here encourages interdisciplinary exploration, with profound implications for unravelling the mysteries of dark energy and its role in shaping the cosmos.The extended classical mechanics framework thus opens pathways for new theoretical explorations, offering a cohesive mechanism to reconcile classical, quantum, and cosmological phenomena, with implications for deciphering the universe's fundamental forces.
The System RANK/RANKL/OPG as a Predictor of Treatment Success in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Švec Andrey , Valášková Simona , Kyselovic Jan , Killinger Zdenko , Payer Juraj , Gažová Andrea
Published: December 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of synovial joints. The RANK/RANKL/OPG system is critical in regulating bone metabolism and immune responses, making it a potential target for RA treatment. This review summarizes the current understanding of RANK/RANKL/OPG signalling in RA pathogenesis, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for disease activity and treatment response. We discuss the roles of various immune cells and cytokines in the inflammatory process, emphasizing the impact of RANKL on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting RANKL with denosumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Finally, we examine the role of RANK/RANKL/OPG as a predictor of treatment success in patients with RA.
Metal Powder Production by Atomization of Free-Falling Melt Streams Using Pulsed Gaseous Shock and Detonation Waves
Authors: Frolov Sergey M. , Ivanov Vladislav S. , Aksenov Viktor S. , Shamshin Igor O. , Frolov Fedor S. , Zangiev Alan E. , Eyvazova Tatiana V. , Popkova Vera Ya. , Grishin Maxim V. , Gatin Andrey K. , Dudareva Tatiana V.
Published: December 2024

A new method of producing metal powders for additive manufacturing by the atomization of free-falling melt streams using pulsed cross-flow gaseous shock or detonation waves is proposed. The method allows the control of shock/detonation wave intensity (from the Mach number of 4 to about 7), as well as the composition and temperature of the detonation products by choosing proper fuels and oxidizers. The method is implemented in laboratory and industrial setups and preliminarily tested for melts of three materials, namely, Zinc, Aluminum alloy AlMg5, and stainless steel AISI 304 possessing significantly different properties in terms of density, surface tension, and viscosity. Pulsed shock and detonation waves used for the atomization of free-falling melt streams are generated by the pulsed detonation gun operating on the stoichiometric mixture of liquid hydrocarbon fuel and gaseous oxygen. The analysis of solidified particles and particle size distribution in the powder is studied by microscopy, fraction separation by sifting on sieves, laser diffraction wet dispersion method (WDM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The operation process is visualized by a video camera. The minimal size of the powders obtained by the method is shown to be as low as 0.1 to 1 mm, while the maximum size of particles exceeds 400–800 mm. The latter is explained by the deficit of energy in the shock-induced cross-flow for the complete atomization of the melt stream, in particular dense and thick (8 mm) streams of the stainless-steel melt. The mass share of particles with a fraction of 0–10 μm can be at least 20%. The shape of the particles of the finest fractions (0–30 and 30–70 μm) is close to spherical (zinc, aluminum) or perfectly spherical (stainless steel). The shape of particles of coarser fractions (70–140 μm and larger) is getting more irregular. Zinc and aluminum powders contain agglomerates in the form of particles with fine satellites. The content of agglomerates in stainless-steel powders is very low. In general, the preliminary experiments show that the proposed method for the production of finely dispersed metal powders looks promising in terms of powder characteristics and cost.
Integration Between Serious Games and EEG Signals: An Overview
Authors: Vega Isabel , Patiño Julian , Becerra Miguel A. , Duque-Grisales Eduardo , Jimenez Lina
Published: December 2024

A serious game combines concepts, principles, and methods of game design with information and communication technologies, for the achievement of a given goal beyond entertainment. Serious game studies have been reported under a brain-computer interface (BCI) approach, with the specific use of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. This study presents a review of the technological solutions from existing works related to serious games and EEG signals. A taxonomy is proposed for the classification of the research literature in three different categories according to the experimental strategy for the integration of the game and EEG: (1) evoked signals, (2) spontaneous signals, and (3) hybrid signals. Some details and additional aspects of the studies are also reviewed. The analysis involves factors such as platforms and development languages (serious game), software tools (integration between serious game and EEG signals), and the number of test subjects. Based on the definition, categorization, and state of the art, the main research challenges and future directions for this class of technological solutions are discussed.
Integrated Projections and Analysis of Sea Level Rise: Impacts on U.S. Coastal Regions
Authors: Roy Swarnabha , Vicharra Cristhian Roman , Hu Hailiang , Das Souryendu , Kalafatis Stavros
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses the critical issue of sea level rise due to climate change through comprehensive analysis and projections. Our approach integrates satellite data, climate models, and socioeconomic factors to assess vulnerabilities and risks to coastal areas. Key findings include significant global temperature increases leading to accelerated glacier melting and rising sea levels, disproportionately impacting the U.S. coastline. Major coastal cities in the U.S. face increased risks of flooding, storm surges, and erosion, resulting in potential widespread displacement, property loss, and adverse health outcomes. The economic consequences are substantial, with key sectors such as tourism, real estate, and fisheries facing direct threats. We provide evidence-based recommendations for targeted mitigation and adaptation strategies to address these challenges.
A Spatial Modeling Approach for Optimizing the Locations of Large-Scale Biogas Plants from Livestock Manure in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahal Zinat , Yabar Helmut
Published: December 2024

Since manure sources are widely dispersed and disposal of manure at landfills or direct application onto soil is often restricted by laws in many countries, selecting suitable sites for manure management facilities is an important step for sustainable livestock farming. The main purpose of this study is to explore suitable locations for siting large-scale biogas plants from livestock manure in Bangladesh by using a spatial modeling. The study analyzed land suitability based on several geographical, topographical, environmental and socio-economic criteria which was also optimized by reflecting optimum transportation distances from manure sources to the chosen sites using GIS (geographic information system) network analysis. Then the socio-economic and environmental benefits of selected biogas plants were estimated through mathematical equations. It was found that 475, 15 and 68 large-scale biogas plants are spatially possible from large animals, small animals and poultry manure respectively to produce a total electricity of 7,682.72 GWh (gigawatt) in 2023. By the implementation of the proposed scenarios, at least 8.69% of the renewable energy production will be increased in Bangladesh and approximately 6,636.09 gigagram CO2eq GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions will be reduced by disposing 90.14 million tons of manure in each year. Hence, the potential biogas plant locations selection and benefits analysis of different scenarios will be guide in the establishment of a local decision for the utilization of regional bioenergy from livestock manure in Bangladesh.
A High-Resolution Analysis of the De Martonne and Emberger Indices Under Different Climate Change Scenarios: Implications on the Natural and Agricultural Landscape of Northeastern Greece
Authors: Charalampopoulos Ioannis , Vlami Vassiliki , Kokkoris Ioannis P , Droulia Fotoula , Doxiadis Thomas , Kitsara Gianna , Zogaris Stamatis , Lazoglou Miltiades
Published: December 2024

This article explores the impacts of climate change on the rural and natural landscapes at the Region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Northeastern Greece. The spatial distributions of the bioclimatic de Martonne and phytoclimatic Emberger indices were calculated, at very high resolution (~500m), for the present conditions (1970–2000), two future time periods (2030–2060; 2070–2100) and for two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCP4.5; RCP8.5). The results show significant bioclimatic changes, especially in the Rhodope Mountain range and almost along the whole length of the Greek-Bulgarian border, where forests of high ecosystem value are located, together with the rural areas along the Evros river valley, as well as in the coastal zone of the Aegean Sea. The article describes the processes of bioclimatic changes that can significantly modify the landscapes of the study area. The study’s results reveal spatiotemporal shift towards more xerothermic environments under both scenarios. Independently of the employed indices, profound bioclimatic alterations are projected for the long-term timeframe of the extreme RCP8.5 scenario. According to the de Martonne outcomes, the more xerothermic Mediterranean and Semi-humid conditions are projected to impact the eastern, southern, and western agricultural landscapes (approximately 40% of the investigated area), the sustainability of which will depend on supplementary irrigation. Implementation of the Emberger index points out that by the year 2100, the natural and agricultural landscapes (distribution of ~ 42%) will be subjected to the Sub-humid, Mild winter, the Sub-humid, Cool winter (~33%) and the even more dry-thermal Humid/Sub-humid, Warm winter conditions (~5%). Based on these foreseen futures, initial interpretations for key landscape conservation, natural capital and ecosystem services management are proposed.
"Quickmeds" An Online Market for Medicine
Authors: Surendran Pillai Renjithkumar
Published: December 2024

Quickmeds is web-based e-marketplace for pharmaceuticals and other lifestyle-based cosmetics. Quickmeds brings together different vendors (retailers), into a common virtual marketplace, enabling a healthy and competitive marketplace for prescription-based drugs and other lifestyle products. Quickmeds is the first of its kind e-marketplace, although a different variant of the same concept can be found all throughout the world with different purposes; example Amazon, etc. The intuitive concept of Quickmeds is not only to increase the user experience and ease of buying prescription drugs, but also to fight the issue of differential pricing of pharmaceutical drugs throughout the country, and the promotion of generic drugs. Apart from the mentioned major issue, Quickmeds also helps to minimize the cases of drug abuse especially through self-medication and also helps in analyzing the overall real requirements demand in the retail market of special drugs, categorized under psychedelics. Hence Quickmeds creates a safe and authentic distribution plat-form with registered and licensed vendors, within a common marketplace, giving the end users best pricing possible, along with guaranteeing quality and on time supply.
STUDY OF LOADER TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS WITH HIGH TORQUE STEP-ADJUSTABLE HYDROMOTOR-WHEELS
Authors: Avrunin Grygoriy , Podrigalo Mikhail , Podryhalo Nadiya , Moroz Irina
Published: December 2024

Goal. The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics of the hydraulic fluid power of the forklift transmission equipped with radial-piston high- torque multi-cycle hydraulic motors with a step change in working volume. Such a transmission is offered as a gearless one compared to the use of traditional transmissions with axial-piston hydraulic motors and gearboxes in front of the drive wheel hub. Research methodology. The traction-speed characteristic of a serial wheel loader is built taking into account the constant power of the drive internal combustion engine for rotation of the axial- piston reversible adjustable transmission pump. The dependence of the torque on the wheel hub of the loader depending on its speed was analyzed. The selection of a high-torque radial-piston hydraulic motor of multi-cycle action, which satisfies the parameters of the transmission in terms of torque and maximum rotation frequency and does not have an intermediate gearbox on the hub, has been made. To reduce the set power of the drive motor of the loader pump and fuel consumption, the hydraulic motors of the transmission are also equipped with a two-stage regulator for changing the working volume. Constructed block diagrams in the VisSim application program package for the solution of nonlinear differential equations for determining the speed of the loader, the pressure in the hydraulic drive and its useful power. The results. The analysis of oscillograms of dynamic processes in the hydraulic drive of the loader showed that by means of modeling the pump supply modes and step change of the working volume of the multi-cycle radial piston hydraulic motor, it is possible to detect extreme modes that lead to fluctuations in the speed and power of the loader, as well as pressure in the hydraulic drive.
Physics Learning Media with Multirepresentation: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Latifah Riska Nurul , Sutopo Sutopo , Hidayat Arif
Published: December 2024

This research examines the development of physics learning media with a multi-representation approach through a systematic literature review. The research method follows the PRISMA stages with data sources from Google Scholar, including articles published between 2015-2023, which SINTA/Scopus index. Of the initial 769 titles, 30 articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results show the dominance of development research focused on high school students and validated by experts. Modules are the most frequently used media. A spike in publications occurred in 2020, possibly due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which encouraged innovation in distance learning. Research finds that interactive media encourages active student involvement more effectively in increasing understanding of complex physics concepts. The multiple representation approach is proven to improve students' understanding, because it allows them to access information through multiple representations. Further research is needed on a variety of physics topics and involving more diverse samples and the use of new technologies. This article provides practical recommendations for developers and educators to discover trends, challenges, and opportunities in the further development of multi-representation-based physics learning media.
Examining Teachers’ Roles in Early Childhood Sex Education: Insights from Indonesian Playgroups
Authors: Magta Mutiara , Mustapa Noviana , Pramitasari Muktia , Risnawati Erna , Kartikawati Etty
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the roles of teachers in implementing sex education in Indonesian playgroups, focusing on their opinions, experiences, and methods. The research addresses the psychological effects of child sexual abuse and emphasizes the need for preventative measures through early education. Utilizing a qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with 13 teachers from various playgroups in Ciputat, Indonesia, and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. The findings highlight two main themes: teachers' recognition of the importance of sex education and their practical experiences in implementing it. Most teachers agreed on the necessity of early sex education to promote awareness and protection against sexual violence. However, their understanding of the subject varied, with many expressing discomfort discussing sensitive topics. Teaching methods ranged from storytelling to demonstrations, but materials addressing reproductive organs were rarely included. The study underscores the importance of collaboration between teachers and parents to align educational goals. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on integrating comprehensive sex education into early childhood curricula, offering practical insights for policymakers and educators. Future research should explore the scalability of these approaches and their long-term impact on children’s safety and well-being.
The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Executive Functions
Authors: Susanti Debie
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the influence of socioeconomic status on executive function in Kindergarten children (Group B) in the DKI Jakarta Province in 2024. Using a quantitative causal associative approach with a survey method and path analysis technique, this research involved 102 students selected through multistage cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a modified BRIEF-P instrument to measure executive function and a questionnaire to assess socioeconomic status. The results indicate a significant favorable influence of socioeconomic status on children's executive function (path coefficient 0.358, t-value 5.47). Children with higher socioeconomic status tend to have better executive functions. These findings highlight the importance of interventions to improve executive function, particularly for children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, to support their future academic success. This research provides valuable insights for developing more inclusive and equitable early childhood education policies.
The main directions of improving diabetological care in a polyclinic (based on the results of a sociological study).
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education «North Ossetia State Medical Academy» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Alikova Z.R. , Tsalikova A.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education «North Ossetia State Medical Academy» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Alikova T.T. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education «North Ossetia State Medical Academy» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Tsalikova M.V. ,   Ministry of Healthhcare of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Published: December 2024

A sociological assessment of satisfaction with outpatient care for patients with diabetes mellitus in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania was carried out. The results of the study make it possible to identify the main problems faced by patients at the primary health care level
and identify possible ways to level them.
The purpose of the study: to assess the satisfaction of patients with diabetes mellitus with the quality of medical care provided in outpatient settings.
Materials and methods. The questionnaires of 450 patients with diabetes mellitus, urban (66%) and rural (34%) residents were analyzed.
Of these, 45% are men and 55% are women aged 39–59 years (39.0%), 60–79 years (36.0%), over 80 years (6.0%). The questionnaire included 12 questions on various aspects of the clinic’s activities. Data processing and analysis were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 software and analytical complex.
Results. A study of the satisfaction of patients with diabetes mellitus with outpatient medical care has revealed a number of organizational and medical problems. The regularity of visits to the endocrinologist by patients is one of their main conditions for the effectiveness of therapeutic
and preventive measures and dispensary supervision. A fairly high percentage (72%) visit the clinic from 2 to 5 times a year. It is alarming that 28% of patients visit an endocrinologist only once a year, which is a sign of low adherence to treatment on the part of patients. Rural residents
visit an endocrinologist less often than urban residents. Young people are more often dissatisfied with the time that the doctor spends at the reception and more often face rude treatment from the medical staff. The comorbidity of diabetes mellitus requires the provision of high-quality
medical care in accordance with the expectations of patients, which is provided with logistical equipment and staffing
Conclusion. The results obtained are an indicator of the quality of medical care and indicate the presence of problem areas in the activities of medical organizations providing outpatient care to patients with diabetes mellitus. Special attention should be paid to the organization of dispensary follow-up in order to reduce the risks of developing complications of the disease. It is necessary to increase the availability of primary health care by making appropriate management decisions at the level of regional health authorities.
Characteristics of medical personnel of intensive care units of a multidisciplinary hospital and their attitude to motivation factors.
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Fomina A. V. , Buadze U. G. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Published: December 2024

Studying the connection between motivation and satisfaction with the work of healthcare professionals, scientific justification of ways of doctors and nurses is very relevant and socially significant. The formation of a motivational environment for professional activity has its own
characteristics depending on the type and specifics of the hospital departments.
Purpose of the study is to identify the motivational component in the work of medical personnel in the intensive care units of a multidisciplinary hospital.
Materials and methods. The study aimed at identifying the motivational component in the work of medical personnel (doctors and nurses) in the intensive care units of a multidisciplinary hospital was planned and conducted. The methods were used in the work: sociological (questionnaire survey), statistical and analytical.
Results. Doctors (43.5%) and nurses (56.5%) of intensive care units participated in the study. It was found that women predominate among nurses. Data on the age structure, length of service, qualifications, and level of education of medical personnel were obtained. The social
characteristics of medical personnel and their attitude to professional activity were studied. The majority of respondents (79.0%) chose the financial component as the main factor stimulating the work process.
Findings. It is shown that a basis of continuous improvement of quality of medical care in intensive care units is process of continuous improvement of system of labor motivation of health workers.