bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Middle Ordovician effusive rocks of the Khamsara terrane (Tyva) as an indicator complex
Authors: Shkol’nik S.I. , Ivanov A.V. , Reznitsky L.Z. , Letnikova E.F. , He Hyaiyu , Zhiqlang Y. , Li Youjueen , Vishnevskaya I.A. , Barash I.G.
Published: September 2017

Felsic rocks of the Khamsara terrane in Tyva (southern Siberia) have been studied in terms of major- and trace-element compositions and U–Pb isotope geochronology. The Khamsara Formation rocks have compositions of A2-subtype within-plate anorogenic volcanics derived from molten continental crust and SIMS U–Pb zircon ages of 463.9 ± 2.8 and 461.7 ± 3.1 Ma of two rhyolite porphyry samples. The Khamsara volcanics are compared with subvolcanic granitoids of the Ognit complex in the Biryusa terrane (Sharyzhalgai basement inlier of the Siberian craton) adjacent to the Khamsara terrane. The volcanics and the granites are coeval and share compositional similarity. The Khamsara Formation is interpreted as a cap complex that marks the upper age bound of the accretionary-collisional events when amalgamated terranes in this part of the Central Asian orogen accreted to the Siberian craton.
Instability of secular variations in the horizontal components of the geomagnetic field: quasi-periodic fluctuations and jerks
Authors: Ladynin A.V.
Published: September 2017

Two types of fluctuations, with a short period (SPFs, 3 ± 0.15 years) and with a long period (LPFs, 10–70 years), have previously been found in the secular variation rate (SVR) of the horizontal component H, the vertical component Z, and the inclination I of the geomagnetic field (GMF). The fluctuations of SVR for the horizontal components of the GMF (X, Y, and D) and the periods and amplitudes of their SPFs are estimated in this study. The SVR fluctuations for Y and D are synchronous and have identical phases, and the SVR fluctuations for X are opposite to them in phase, except the areas near the magnetic poles. The SPF periods for X, Y, and D are almost the same (2.80 ± 0.14 years). Jerks in the SVR of Y, especially significant in Europe in 1969 and 1978, were studied. It is shown that jerks are a component of long-period fluctuations in the SVR of Y; they appear at the coincidence of extrema of the same sign in LPFs and SPFs. Jerks need not be considered a special phenomenon because they can be presented as the sum of quasi-periodic LPFs and SPFs.
Lagrangian transport by breaking surface waves
Authors: Deike Luc , Pizzo Nick , Melville W. Kendall
Published: September 2017

The Lagrangian transport due to non-breaking and breaking focusing wave packets is examined. We present direct numerical simulations of the two-phase air–water Navier–Stokes equations describing focusing wave packets, investigating the Lagrangian drift by tracking tracer particles in the water before, during and after the breaking event. The net horizontal transport for non-breaking focusing packets is well described by the classical Stokes drift, both at the surface and in the bulk of the fluid, where the e-folding scale of the evanescent vertical profile is given by the characteristic wavenumber. For focusing wave packets that lead to breaking, we observe an added drift that can be ten times larger than the classical Stokes drift for a non-breaking packet at the surface, while the initial depth of the broken fluid scales with the wave height at breaking. We find that the breaking induced Lagrangian transport scales with the breaking strength. A simple scaling argument is proposed to describe this added drift and is found to be consistent with the direct numerical simulations. Applications to upper ocean processes are discussed.
New smallest specimen of the pterosaurPteranodonand ontogenetic niches in pterosaurs
Authors: Bennett S. Christopher
Published: September 2017

A new juvenile specimen ofPteranodonfrom the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Formation of western Kansas had an estimated wingspan in life of 1.76 m, ~45% smaller than the smallest previously known specimens, but does not differ in morphology from larger specimens. Its presence indicates that juveniles were capable of flying long distances, so it falsifies the interpretation ofPteranodonas growing rapidly to adult size under parental care before flying. Instead juveniles were precocial, growing more slowly to adult size while flying and feeding independently for several years before going to sea. Because juveniles are otherwise unknown in the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, they must have occupied different environments and ecological niches than adults; thusPteranodonexhibited ontogenetic niches. Evidence is presented that most other pterosaurs (e.g.,Rhamphorhynchus,Pterodactylus,Anhanguera) also exhibited various ontogenetic niches, which, along with their large body size, suggests that pterosaur taxonomic diversity was rather low, like that of crocodilians.
Using Split Samples to Improve Inference on Causal Effects
Authors: Fafchamps Marcel , Labonne Julien
Published: September 2017

We discuss a statistical procedure to carry out empirical research that combines recent insights about preanalysis plans (PAPs) and replication. Researchers send their datasets to an independent third party who randomly generates training and testing samples. Researchers perform their analysis on the training sample and are able to incorporate feedback from both colleagues, editors, and referees. Once the paper is accepted for publication the method is applied to the testing sample and it is those results that are published. Simulations indicate that, under empirically relevant settings, the proposed method delivers more power than a PAP. The effect mostly operates through a lower likelihood that relevant hypotheses are left untested. The method appears better suited for exploratory analyses where there is significant uncertainty about the outcomes of interest. We do not recommend using the method in situations where the treatment are very costly and thus the available sample size is limited. An interpretation of the method is that it allows researchers to perform direct replication of their work. We also discuss a number of practical issues about the method’s feasibility and implementation.
Refining the Hallstatt Plateau: Short-Term14C Variability and Small Scale Offsets in 50 Consecutive Single Tree-Rings from Southwest Scotland Dendro-Dated to 510–460 BC
Authors: Jacobsson Piotr , Hamilton William Derek , Cook Gordon , Crone Anne , Dunbar Elaine , Kinch Helen , Naysmith Philip , Tripney Brian , Xu Sheng
Published: September 2017

Radiocarbon (14C) wiggle-match dating is a technique with a substantial potential to improve the precision of dating timbers in situations where dendrochronology is not tenable. However, one of the key reasons why obtaining a dendrochronological determination might be difficult is the short-lived nature of timbers on a range of archaeological sites, something that also affects the efficiency of the wiggle-match dating technique. Combined with the potential for high expense that the technique presents, it is paramount that wiggle-match dating research design has a good empirical basis. To this end we dated 50 consecutive, individual rings from a timber that grew during the Hallstatt radiocarbon calibration plateau (ca. 750–400 cal BC) in southwest Scotland. The results indicate that (1) the precision and accuracy of wiggle-match dates carried out on short-lived sequences during the Hallstatt plateau may suffer due to insufficient resolution of the calibration data, (2) sampling time-frames roughly equivalent to the underpinning calibration data are recommended (for the period in question this means decadal blocks), and (3) short-lived sequences are at risk of losing accuracy if the actual past trend of radiocarbon diverges from the mean of the radiocarbon calibration curve.
Positioning under Alternative Electoral Systems: Evidence from Japanese Candidate Election Manifestos
Authors: CATALINAC AMY
Published: September 2017

We study a core question of interest in political science: Do candidates position themselves differently under different electoral systems and is their positioning in line with the expectations of spatial theories? We use validated estimates of candidate ideological positions derived from quantitative scaling of 7,497 Japanese-language election manifestos written by the near universe of candidates who competed in the eight House of Representatives elections held on either side of Japan’s 1994 electoral reform. Leveraging variation before and after Japan’s electoral reform, as well as within each electoral system, we find that candidates converge in single-member districts and diverge in multimember districts, and converge on copartisans when not faced with intraparty competition and diverge when they do. Our study helps to clarify debates about the effects of electoral systems on ideological polarization and party cohesion in Japan and more generally.
‘Items for criticism (not in sequence)’: Joseph DeLee, Pare Lorentz andThe Fight for Life(1940)
Authors: GAINTY CAITJAN
Published: September 2017

In the late 1920s, the American obstetrician Joseph DeLee brought the motion-picture camera into the birth room. Following that era's trend of adapting industrial efficiency practices for medical environments, DeLee's films give spectacular and unexpected expression to the engineering concept of ‘streamlining’. Accomplishing what more tangible obstetric streamlining practices had failed to, DeLee's cameras, and his post-production manipulation, shifted birth from messy and dangerous to rationalized, efficient, death-defying. This was film as an active and effective medical tool. Years later, the documentarian Pare Lorentz produced and wrote his own birth film,The Fight for Life(1940). The documentary subject of the film was DeLee himself, and the film was set in his hospitals, on the same maternity ‘sets’ that had once showcased film's remarkable streamlining capacity to give and keep life. Yet relatively little of DeLee was retained in the film's content, resulting in a showdown that, by way of contrast, further articulated DeLee's understanding of film's medical powers and, in so doing, hinted at a more dynamic moment in the history of medicine while speaking also to the process by which that understanding ceased to be historically legible.
Regulating cinematic stories about reproduction: pregnancy, childbirth, abortion and movie censorship in the US, 1930–1958
Authors: KIRBY DAVID A.
Published: September 2017

In the mid-twentieth century film studios sent their screenplays to Hollywood's official censorship body, the Production Code Administration (PCA), and to the Catholic Church's Legion of Decency for approval and recommendations for revision. This article examines the negotiations between filmmakers and censorship groups in order to show the stories that censors did, and did not, want told about pregnancy, childbirth and abortion, as well as how studios fought to tell their own stories about human reproduction. I find that censors considered pregnancy to be a state of grace and a holy obligation that was restricted to married women. For censors, human reproduction was not only a private matter, it was also an unpleasant biological process whose entertainment value was questionable. They worried that realistic portrayals of pregnancy and childbirth would scare young women away from pursuing motherhood. In addition, I demonstrate how filmmakers overcame censors’ strict prohibitions against abortion by utilizing ambiguity in their storytelling. Ultimately, I argue that censors believed that pregnancy and childbirth should be celebrated but not seen. But if pregnancy and childbirth were required then censors preferred mythic versions of motherhood instead of what they believed to be the sacred but horrific biological reality of human reproduction.
Improving the artificial diet for adult of seven spotted ladybird beetleCoccinella septempunctataL. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with orthogonal design
Authors: Cheng Y. , Zhi J.R. , Li F.L. , Li W.H. , Zhou Y.H.
Published: September 2017

In this study, an orthogonal array design with 16 factors at two levels (216) was performed to develop an artificial diet rearing the adults of seven spotted ladybird beetleCoccinella septempunctata. The parameters of weight gain and survival rate of adults, preoviposition period, fecundity and hatching rate of diet-fed adults were monitored. The 16 factors were included: pork liver, infant formula, sucrose, olive oil, yolk, corn oil, yeast powder, cholesterol, casein, casein hydrolysate, vitamin powder, 65% juvenile hormone III, protein powder, vitamin E, honey and pumpkin. Results indicated that pork liver, sucrose, yolk, yeast powder, juvenile hormone, pumpkin and honey were the main ingredients of the artificial diet contributing to weight gain and survival rate of adults, preoviposition period, fecundity and hatching rate. A follow-up fed with a selection of improved formulas confirmed the validity of the optimization as predicted by the orthogonal array analysis, indicating the usefulness of this method for selecting artificial diets forC. septempunctata. The weight gain and fecundity of adults reared on the improved artificial diet were 87.46 and 62.70% of those reared onAphis craccivora; the survival rate and hatch rate were similar between the diet-fed and aphid-fed, while the preoviposition period was significantly shorter forC. septempunctatafed on the diet than onA. craccivora. The latter formula was superior to any formerly developed formulas and may thus have potential for the improved artificial diet mass rearing ofC. septempunctata.
The effect of winter length on duration of dormancy and survival of specialized herbivorous Rhagoletis fruit flies from high elevation environments with acyclic climatic variability
Authors: Rull J. , Tadeo E. , Lasa R. , Aluja M.
Published: September 2017

Dormancy can be defined as a state of suppressed development allowing insects to cope with adverse conditions and plant phenology. Among specialized herbivorous insects exploiting seasonal resources, diapause frequently evolves as a strategy to adjust to predictable plant seasonal cycles. To cope with acyclic and unpredictable climatic events, it has been found for some insects that a proportion of the population undergoes prolonged dormancy. We compared the response of three species in the Rhagoletis cingulata species group exploiting plants differing in fruiting phenology from environments varying in frequency and timing of acyclic climatic catastrophic events (frost during flowering and fruit set) and varying also in the time of the onset of the rainy season. Small proportions (<2%) of Central and Northeastern Mexico R. cingulata and Rhagoletis turpiniae, and a few associated adult parasitoids, emerged without becoming dormant. Pupae exposed to 5°C for different periods of time (0–16 weeks) became dormant and emerged as adults in proportions <30%, compared with other studied species in the group from the USA (up to 80%). Large proportions (19–55%) of exposed pupae entered prolonged dormancy (>10 months), and large proportions of pupae died without emerging as adults. The number of days elapsed from the end of artificial winter and adult eclosion was longer for R. cingulata exploiting late fruiting Prunus serotina in Northeastern Mexico than for flies recovered from earlier fruiting plants in the central Altiplano. Rhagoletis turpiniae and northeastern R. cingulata pupae suffered high proportions of parasitism. Large proportions of R. cingulata from central Mexico engaging in prolonged dormancy may be explained by the fact that flowering and fruit set for its host, P. serotina var capuli, driven by the timing of maximum precipitation, matches a period of highest probability of frost often resulting in large areas with fruitless trees at unpredictable time intervals. As a consequence of differences in host plant fruiting phenology, central and northeastern Mexican R. cingulata were found to be allochronically isolated. Prolonged dormancy may have resulted in escape from parasitism.
Mass spectrometry as a versatile ancillary technique for the rapidin situidentification of lichen metabolites directly from TLC plates
Authors: LE POGAM Pierre , PILLOT Aline , LOHEZIC-LE DEVEHAT Françoise , LE LAMER Anne-Cécile , LEGOUIN Béatrice , GADEA Alice , SAUVAGER Aurélie , ERTZ Damien , BOUSTIE Joël
Published: September 2017

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) still enjoys widespread popularity among lichenologists as one of the fastest and simplest analytical strategies, today remaining the primary method of assessing the secondary product content of lichens. The pitfalls associated with this approach are well known as TLC leads to characterizing compounds by comparison with standards rather than properly identifying them, which might lead to erroneous assignments, accounting for the long-held interest in hyphenating TLC with dedicated identification tools. As such, commercially available TLC/Mass Spectrometry (MS) interfaces can be easily connected to any brand of mass spectrometer without adjustments. The spots of interest are extracted from the TLC plate to retrieve mass spectrometric signals within one minute, thereby ensuring accurate identification of the chromatographed substances. The results of this hyphenated strategy for lichens are presented here by 1) describing the TLC migration and direct MS analysis of single lichen metabolites of various structural classes, 2) highlighting it through the chemical profiling of crude acetone extracts of a set of lichens of known chemical composition, and finally 3) applying it to a lichen of unknown profile,Usnea trachycarpa.
First record of the snapper-choking isopodCymothoa excisa(Isopoda: Cymothoidae) parasitizing invasive lionfishPterois volitans(Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae)
Authors: Aguilar-Perera Alfonso , Quijano-Puerto Luis , Carrillo-Flota Evelyn , Williams Ernest H. , Bunkley-Williams Lucy
Published: September 2017

Two female snapper-choking isopodsCymothoa excisa(body length 11 and 14 mm) were in the buccal cavity of two invasive lionfishPterois volitans(total length 294 and 301 mm) collected in Alacranes Reef, southern Gulf of Mexico. This is the first record ofC. excisaparasitizing invasive lionfishP. volitansin coral reefs of the Western Atlantic, where these isopods appear to have infected the host through adult prey-predator transfer.
Transnational families and the circulation of care: a Romanian–German case study
Authors: SCHRÖDER-BUTTERFILL ELISABETH , SCHONHEINZ JULIA
Published: September 2017

This article contributes to our understanding of transnational family relationships and the circulation of care. We are interested in understanding how large-scale emigration affects the support and care of older people in the origin country. Using in-depth interviews and participant observation, we examine the significance of transnational family support for older people, and the ways in which migrant children and other kin care for elderly relatives from afar. Our case study is of the Transylvanian Saxons, a German-speaking minority in Romania, who experienced mass-exodus to Germany following the end of socialism in 1990. The lapse of time since the exodus allows us to examine how transnational family practices evolve, and what the challenges are to maintaining family-hood over time and distance. Contrary to expectations, we find that material family support from Germany to Romania is not significant and has declined. Care, by contrast, remains an important part of what most transnational families provide, although practices of ‘caring about’ are more prevalent than hands-on ‘caring for’. Counter to optimistic accounts of transnational family care in the literature, we argue that the difficulties and challenges for older people of being cared for by distant family members are fundamental, and strong transnational family ties are not an inevitable outcome of migration.
ESTIMATING THE NATURAL RATE OF HOURS
Authors: Berger Tino , Vierke Hauke
Published: September 2017

This paper proposes an alternative measure for the slack of the aggregate labor market. The natural rate of hours holds valuable information about the state of the labor market that is not reflected by conventional measures, such as the equilibrium rate of unemployment, because it takes the intensive margin into account and is robust to variations in labor force participation. We set up and estimate a multivariate unobserved-components model using information on GDP, inflation, and hours worked, and apply it to the United States and Germany. The estimated hours gap outperforms conventional unemployment gap measures in a Taylor rule by formal model comparison.
EnlistTMWeed Control Systems for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Management in Texas High Plains Cotton
Authors: Manuchehri Misha R. , Dotray Peter A. , Keeling J. Wayne
Published: September 2017

Weed management systems were established near Lubbock, TX in 2013, 2014, and 2015 to assess the effectiveness of premixed 2,4-D choline+glyphosate alone and in combination with glufosinate and soil-residual herbicides for Palmer amaranth control. Systems consisted of trifluralin applied preplant incorporated followed by an early POST application followed by a mid-POST application. Palmer amaranth control 21 days after the early POST application ranged from 75 to 90% for all treatments that included 2,4-D choline+glyphosate alone or in a tank-mixture in 2013. Twenty-eight days after the mid-POST application, Palmer amaranth was controlled 86 to 99% for all herbicide systems with the exception of systems that included a mid-POST application of glufosinate alone. Combined across 2014 and 2015, Palmer amaranth control 21 days after the early POST application ranged from 96 to 98% for all systems that included 2,4-D choline+glyphosate, 2,4-D choline alone, or 2,4-D choline in a tank-mixture. Combined across 2014 and 2015, Palmer amaranth control 28 days after the mid-POST application ranged from 95 to 100% with the exception of the following: trifluralin preplant incorporated followed by glufosinate with or without acetochlor applied early POST followed by glufosinate mid-POST and trifluralin preplant incorporated followed by glyphosate early POST followed by glyphosate mid-POST. Overall, numerous effective systems were identified; however, systems containing 2,4-D choline+glyphosate or 2,4-D choline early POST and/or mid-POST were among the most effective. Glyphosate or glufosinate only systems or systems that relied on glufosinate alone at the mid-POST timing were inconsistent and often performed poorly.
Two Attributes of Number Meaning
Authors: Wiemers Michael , Bekkering Harold , Lindemann Oliver
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Many studies demonstrated interactions between number processing and either spatial codes (effects of spatial-numerical associations) or visual size-related codes (size-congruity effect). However, the interrelatedness of these two number couplings is still unclear. The present study examines the simultaneous occurrence of space- and size-numerical congruency effects and their interactions both within and across trials. In a magnitude judgment task physically small or large digits were presented left or right from screen center. The reaction times analysis revealed that space- and size-congruency effects coexisted in parallel and combined additively. Moreover, a selective sequential modulation of the two congruency effects was found. The size-congruency effect was reduced after size incongruent trials. The space-congruency effect, however, was only affected by the previous space congruency. The observed independence of spatial-numerical and within-magnitude associations is interpreted as evidence that the two couplings reflect different attributes of numerical meaning possibly related to ordinality and cardinality.
Strains, functions and dynamics in the expanded Human Microbiome Project
Authors: Lloyd-Price Jason , Mahurkar Anup , Rahnavard Gholamali , Crabtree Jonathan , Orvis Joshua , Hall A. Brantley , Brady Arthur , Creasy Heather H. , McCracken Carrie , Giglio Michelle G. , McDonald Daniel , Franzosa Eric A. , Knight Rob , White Owen , Huttenhower Curtis
Published: September 2017

The characterization of baseline microbial and functional diversity in the human microbiome has enabled studies of microbiome-related disease, diversity, biogeography, and molecular function. The National Institutes of Health Human Microbiome Project has provided one of the broadest such characterizations so far. Here we introduce a second wave of data from the study, comprising 1,631 new metagenomes (2,355 total) targeting diverse body sites with multiple time points in 265 individuals. We applied updated profiling and assembly methods to provide new characterizations of microbiome personalization. Strain identification revealed subspecies clades specific to body sites; it also quantified species with phylogenetic diversity under-represented in isolate genomes. Body-wide functional profiling classified pathways into universal, human-enriched, and body site-enriched subsets. Finally, temporal analysis decomposed microbial variation into rapidly variable, moderately variable, and stable subsets. This study furthers our knowledge of baseline human microbial diversity and enables an understanding of personalized microbiome function and dynamics.
Correlation induced electron-hole asymmetry in quasi- two-dimensional iridates
Authors: Pärschke Ekaterina M. , Wohlfeld Krzysztof , Foyevtsova Kateryna , van den Brink Jeroen
Published: September 2017

The resemblance of crystallographic and magnetic structures of the quasi-two-dimensional iridates Ba2IrO4 and Sr2IrO4 to La2CuO4 points at an analogy to cuprate high-Tc superconductors, even if spin-orbit coupling is very strong in iridates. Here we examine this analogy for the motion of a charge (hole or electron) added to the antiferromagnetic ground state. We show that correlation effects render the hole and electron case in iridates very different. An added electron forms a spin polaron, similar to the cuprates, but the situation of a removed electron is far more complex. Many-body 5d4 configurations form which can be singlet and triplet states of total angular momentum that strongly affect the hole motion. This not only has ramifications for the interpretation of (inverse–)photoemission experiments but also demonstrates that correlation physics renders electron- and hole-doped iridates fundamentally different.
Predicting metabolic adaptation from networks of mutational paths
Authors: Josephides Christos , Swain Peter S.
Published: September 2017

Competition for substrates is a ubiquitous selection pressure faced by microbes, yet intracellular trade-offs can prevent cells from metabolizing every type of available substrate. Adaptive evolution is constrained by these trade-offs, but their consequences for the repeatability and predictability of evolution are unclear. Here we develop an eco-evolutionary model with a metabolic trade-off to generate networks of mutational paths in microbial communities and show that these networks have descriptive and predictive information about the evolution of microbial communities. We find that long-term outcomes, including community collapse, diversity, and cycling, have characteristic evolutionary dynamics that determine the entropy, or repeatability, of mutational paths. Although reliable prediction of evolutionary outcomes from environmental conditions is difficult, graph-theoretic properties of the mutational networks enable accurate prediction even from incomplete observations. In conclusion, we present a novel methodology for analyzing adaptive evolution and report that the dynamics of adaptation are a key variable for predictive success.
Nanoscale distribution of Bi atoms in InP1−xBix
Authors: Zhang Liyao , Wu Mingjian , Chen Xiren , Wu Xiaoyan , Spiecker Erdmann , Song Yuxin , Pan Wenwu , Li Yaoyao , Yue Li , Shao Jun , Wang Shumin
Published: September 2017

The nanoscale distribution of Bi in InPBi is determined by atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy. The distribution of Bi atoms is not uniform both along the growth direction and within the film plane. A statistically high Bi-content region is observed at the bottom of the InPBi layer close to the InPBi/InP interface. Bi-rich V-shaped walls on the (−111) and (1–11) planes close to the InPBi/InP interface and quasi-periodic Bi-rich nanowalls in the (1–10) plane with a periodicity of about 100 nm are observed. A growth model is proposed to explain the formation of these unique Bi-related nanoscale features. These features can significantly affect the deep levels of the InPBi epilayer. The regions in the InPBi layer with or without these Bi-related nanostructures exhibit different optical properties.
The effect of sleep restriction on empathy for pain: An fMRI study in younger and older adults
Authors: Tamm Sandra , Nilsonne Gustav , Schwarz Johanna , Lamm Claus , Kecklund Göran , Petrovic Predrag , Fischer Håkan , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Lekander Mats
Published: September 2017

Age and sleep both affect emotional functioning. Since sleep patterns change over the lifespan, we investigated the effects of short sleep and age on empathic responses. In a randomized cross-over experimental design, healthy young and older volunteers (n = 47 aged 20–30 years and n = 39 aged 65–75 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) after normal sleep or night sleep restricted to 3 hours. During fMRI, participants viewed pictures of needles pricking a hand (pain) or Q-tips touching a hand (control), a well-established paradigm to investigate empathy for pain. There was no main effect of sleep restriction on empathy. However, age and sleep interacted so that sleep restriction caused increased unpleasantness in older but not in young participants. Irrespective of sleep condition, older participants showed increased activity in angular gyrus, superior temporal sulcus and temporo-parietal junction compared to young. Speculatively, this could indicate that the older individuals adopted a more cognitive approach in response to others’ pain. Our findings suggest that caution in generalizability across age groups is needed in further studies of sleep on social cognition and emotion.
Melt layer erosion during ELM-like heat loading on molybdenum as an alternative plasma-facing material
Authors: Sinclair G. , Tripathi J. K. , Diwakar P. K. , Hassanein A.
Published: September 2017

Transient events that occur during plasma instabilities in fusion reactors impart large heat fluxes onto the surrounding plasma-facing components (PFCs). Erosion and splashing of PFCs can contaminate the plasma and shorten material lifetime. Although tungsten is currently considered the most promising candidate material for future PFCs, concerns over the thermal shock performance during type-I ELMs (transient events expected in fusion devices) necessitate the study of other comparable materials. ELM-like heat loading was applied via a pulsed Nd:YAG millisecond laser on a pristine molybdenum (Mo) surface to measure surface melting and mass loss. One potential advantage of Mo is its higher specific heat of vaporization, which could lead to reduced particle emission. Imaging of the surface after loading revealed that complete surface melting began at 1.0 MJ m−2 (heat load parameter of 31.62 MJ m−2 s−1/2). Photon excitation also increased significantly above 1.0 MJ m−2, indicating possible phase change. At 1.4 MJ m−2 (44.27 MJ m−2 s−1/2), in situ mass loss measurements found an exponential increase in particle emission, indicating the presence of droplet formation and boiling. Direct comparisons of erosion during pulsed heat loading between PFC candidate materials will ensure that future fusion devices design components with optimal thermal strength.
Metagenomic characterization of the effect of feed additives on the gut microbiome and antibiotic resistome of feedlot cattle
Authors: Thomas Milton , Webb Megan , Ghimire Sudeep , Blair Amanda , Olson Kenneth , Fenske Gavin John , Fonder Alex Thomas , Christopher-Hennings Jane , Brake Derek , Scaria Joy
Published: September 2017

In North America, antibiotic feed additives such as monensin and tylosin are added to the finishing diets of feedlot cattle to counter the ill-effects of feeding diets with rapidly digestible carbohydrates. While these feed additives have been proven to improve feed efficiency and reduce liver abscess incidence, how these products impact the gastrointestinal microbiota is not completely understood. In this study, we analyzed the impact of providing antibiotic feed additives to feedlot cattle using metagenome sequencing of treated and control animals. Our results indicate that use of antibiotic feed additives does not produce discernable changes at the phylum level. However, treated cattle had reduced abundance of gram-positive bacteria at the genus level. The abundance of Ruminococcus, Erysipelotrichaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the gut of treated steers was reduced. Functional analysis of the data indicates that there was only minimal impact due to the treatment in the rumen. Genes involved in detoxification were significantly increased in the rumen of AB steers. But the relative abundance of these genes was < 0.3%. However, our results did not show any correlation between the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in the gut microbiota and the administration of antibiotic feed additives.
Resveratrol Increases Hepatic SHBG Expression through Human Constitutive Androstane Receptor: a new Contribution to the French Paradox
Authors: Saez-Lopez Cristina , Brianso-Llort Laura , Torres-Torronteras J. , Simó Rafael , Hammond Geoffrey L. , Selva David M.
Published: September 2017

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) carries sex steroids in blood regulating their bioavailability. Red wine consumption increases plasma SHBG levels, and we have discovered that resveratrol, a polyphenol enriched in red wine, acts specifically through the human constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a drug/xenobiotic detoxification gene regulator, to increase hepatic SHBG production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter gene assays show that human CAR binds to a typical direct repeat 1 nuclear hormone receptor-binding element in the human SHBG proximal promoter. Resveratrol also increased hepatic SHBG production in humanized SHBG/CAR transgenic mice. Moreover, SHBG expression correlated significantly with CAR mRNA levels in human liver biopsies. We conclude that the beneficial effects of red wine on the metabolic syndrome and it associated co-morbidities, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, may be mediated in part by resveratrol acting via CAR to increase plasma SHBG levels.
Transcriptomic analysis of the role of RasGEF1B circular RNA in the TLR4/LPS pathway
Authors: Ng Wei Lun , Marinov Georgi K. , Chin Yoon-Ming , Lim Yat-Yuen , Ea Chee-Kwee
Published: September 2017

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as a large class of novel non-coding RNA species. However, the detailed functional significance of the vast majority of them remains to be elucidated. Most functional characterization studies targeting circRNAs have been limited to resting cells, leaving their role in dynamic cellular responses to stimuli largely unexplored. In this study, we focus on the LPS-induced cytoplasmic circRNA, mcircRasGEF1B, and combine targeted mcircRasGEF1B depletion with high-throughput transcriptomic analysis to gain insight into its function during the cellular response to LPS stimulation. We show that knockdown of mcircRasGEF1B results in altered expression of a wide array of genes. Pathway analysis revealed an overall enrichment of genes involved in cell cycle progression, mitotic division, active metabolism, and of particular interest, NF-κB, LPS signaling pathways, and macrophage activation. These findings expand the set of functionally characterized circRNAs and support the regulatory role of mcircRasGEF1B in immune response during macrophage activation and protection against microbial infections.
A multiscale imaging and modelling dataset of the human inner ear
Authors: Gerber Nicolas , Reyes Mauricio , Barazzetti Livia , Kjer Hans Martin , Vera Sergio , Stauber Martin , Mistrik Pavel , Ceresa Mario , Mangado Nerea , Wimmer Wilhelm , Stark Thomas , Paulsen Rasmus R. , Weber Stefan , Caversaccio Marco , Ballester Miguel A. González
Published: September 2017

Understanding the human inner ear anatomy and its internal structures is paramount to advance hearing implant technology. While the emergence of imaging devices allowed researchers to improve understanding of intracochlear structures, the difficulties to collect appropriate data has resulted in studies conducted with few samples. To assist the cochlear research community, a large collection of human temporal bone images is being made available. This data descriptor, therefore, describes a rich set of image volumes acquired using cone beam computed tomography and micro-CT modalities, accompanied by manual delineations of the cochlea and sub-compartments, a statistical shape model encoding its anatomical variability, and data for electrode insertion and electrical simulations. This data makes an important asset for future studies in need of high-resolution data and related statistical data objects of the cochlea used to leverage scientific hypotheses. It is of relevance to anatomists, audiologists, computer scientists in the different domains of image analysis, computer simulations, imaging formation, and for biomedical engineers designing new strategies for cochlear implantations, electrode design, and others.
The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism regulates glucocorticoid-induced corticohippocampal remodeling and behavioral despair
Authors: Notaras M , Du X , Gogos J , van den Buuse M , Hill R A
Published: September 2017

The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism has been associated with sensitivity to stress and affective disorders. We therefore sought to model the inter-causality of these relationships under controlled laboratory conditions. We subjected humanized BDNF Val66Met (hBDNFVal66Met) transgenic mice to a history of stress, modeled by chronic late-adolescent corticosterone (CORT) exposure, before evaluating affective-related behavior using the forced-swim test (FST) in adulthood. While hBDNFMet/Met mice had a depression-like phenotype in the FST irrespective of CORT, hBDNFVal/Val wildtype mice had a resilient phenotype but developed an equally robust depressive-like phenotype following CORT. A range of stress-sensitive molecules were studied across the corticohippocampal axis, and where genotype differences occurred following CORT they tended to inversely coincide with the behavior of the hBDNFVal/Val group. Notably, tyrosine hydroxylase was markedly down-regulated in the mPFC of hBDNFVal/Val mice as a result of CORT treatment, which mimicked expression levels of hBDNFMet/Met mice and the FST behavior of both groups. The expression of calretinin, PSD-95, and truncated TrkB were also concomitantly reduced in the mPFC of hBDNFVal/Val mice by CORT. This work establishes BDNFVal66Met genotype as a regulator of behavioral despair, and identifies new biological targets of BDNF genetic variation relevant to stress-inducible disorders such as depression.
Interaction between a water drop and holey graphene: retarded imbibition and generation of novel water–graphene wetting states
Authors: Wang Yanbin , Sinha Shayandev , Hu Liangbing , Das Siddhartha
Published: September 2017

Water nanodrop imbibition in holey graphene is studied unraveling novel fiber-like wetting state that enhances water–accessible graphene surface area.
Thermal conductivity of a h-BCN monolayer
Authors: Zhang Ying-Yan , Pei Qing-Xiang , Liu Hong-Yuan , Wei Ning
Published: September 2017

The thermal conductivity of a hexagonal graphene-like boron–carbon–nitrogen (h-BCN) monolayer, a new two-dimensional (2D) material, has been investigated.
Alkanethiolate-capped palladium nanoparticles for selective catalytic hydrogenation of dienes and trienes
Authors: Chen Ting-An , Shon Young-Seok
Published: September 2017

Selective hydrogenation of dienes and trienes is an important process in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
A new strongly paramagnetic cerium-containing microporous MOF for CO2 fixation under ambient conditions
Authors: Das Sabuj Kanti , Chatterjee Sauvik , Bhunia Subhajit , Mondal Abhishake , Mitra Partha , Kumari Vandana , Pradhan Anirban , Bhaumik Asim
Published: September 2017

A new microporous Ce2NDC3 MOF has been synthesized solvothermally and it displayed strong paramagnetism and high catalytic efficiency in CO2 fixation under ambient conditions for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates.
Silica-polydopamine core–shell self-confined templates for ultra-stable hollow Pt anchored N-doped carbon electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Guochang , Li Jian , Zhou Ziwei , Li Congling , Cai Chao , Guo Bingkun , Priestley Rodney D. , Han Lei , Liu Rui
Published: September 2017

We present the use of silica-polydopamine (SiO2@PDA) core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) as self-confined templates for the fabrication of ultra-stable hollow Pt anchored N-doped carbon nanospheres (Pt/HN-C).
Transferring mixtures of chemicals from sediment to a bioassay using silicone-based passive sampling and dosing
Authors: Mustajärvi Lukas , Eriksson-Wiklund Ann-Kristin , Gorokhova Elena , Jahnke Annika , Sobek Anna
Published: September 2017

Environmental mixtures of chemicals consist of a countless number of compounds with unknown identity and quantity.
Mechanisms for C(sp2)–Si activation of aryltrimethylsilyl groups in palladium-catalysed couplings
Authors: Rauf Waqar , Brown John M.
Published: September 2017

DFT reveals why arenes with an amide or anilide directing group react faster by C–Si than by C–H cleavage in Pd coupling reactions.
One-pot synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-thiadiazoles from nitriles and thioamides via I2-mediated oxidative formation of an N–S bond
Authors: Chai Ling , Xu Yuanqing , Ding Tao , Fang Xiaomin , Zhang Wenkai , Wang Yanpeng , Lu Minghua , Xu Hao , Yang Xiaobo
Published: September 2017

The one-pot reaction includes sequential intermolecular addition of thioamides to nitriles, and intramolecular oxidative coupling of N–H and S–H bonds mediated by molecular iodine.
Construction of lanthanide single-molecule magnets with the “magnetic motif” [Dy(MQ)4]−
Authors: Lyu Deng-Ping , Zheng Jie-Yu , Li Quan-Wen , Liu Jun-Liang , Chen Yan-Cong , Jia Jian-Hua , Tong Ming-Liang
Published: September 2017

[Dy2(MQ)4(NO3)3]+is SMM-silent (SMM = single-molecule magnet) owing to the unfavourable magnetic interactions. Introducing an additional “magnetic motif” [Dy(MQ)4]−to diminish such interactions gave a trinuclear [Dy3(MQ)8(NO3)], which behaves as an SMM.
Stereospecific C–H activation as a key step for the asymmetric synthesis of various biologically active cyclopropanes
Authors: Jerhaoui S. , Poutrel P. , Djukic J.-P. , Wencel-Delord J. , Colobert F.
Published: September 2017

A rapid and efficient synthesis of hoshinolatame, an enantiopure cyclopropane containing natural product, is described.
Synthesis ofN-sulfenyl-sulfoximines and -sulfenamides through a metal-free N–H/S–H dehydrocoupling reaction
Authors: Yang Lu , Feng Jie , Qiao Mei , Zeng Qingle
Published: September 2017

A metal-free, iodine-catalyzed N–H/S–H dehydrocoupling reaction of sulfoximines and anilines with various thiols to construct sulfur–nitrogen bonds has been developed.
Ultrasmall titanium oxide/titanium oxynitride composite nanoparticle-embedded carbon nanofiber mats as high-capacity and free-standing electrodes for lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Lee Cho-Long , Kim Chanhoon , Kim Il-Doo
Published: September 2017

TiO2/TiOxNynanoparticles loaded CNFs have been synthesized as free-standing electrodes for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries, showing high reversible capacity of 1107 mA h g−1after 100 cycles at 1C with superior capacity retention of 85%.
Oxygen backed silicon hydride in correlation with the photoluminescence of silicon nano-crystals
Authors: Chen Cui-Li , Zeng Jiang , Bao Ning , Dai Hong , Gu Hai-Ying
Published: September 2017

Converting silicon hydride (–SiH) to oxygen backed silicon hydride (–OSiH) on porous silicon leads to a shift in the wavelength of photoluminescence (PL) maximum from 670 to 605 nm, corresponding to an increase of 0.2 eV on emission energy.
Thermal transport in graphene/stanene hetero-bilayer nanostructures with vacancies: an equilibrium molecular dynamics study
Authors: Khan Asir Intisar , Paul Ratul , Subrina Samia
Published: September 2017

Thermal transport in defected graphene/stanene hetero-bilayer nanostructures has been investigated to encourage the optimal design of thermal and nanoelectronic devices.
Hollow FeNi-based hybrid polyhedron derived from unique sulfur-modulating coordinated transition bimetal complexes for efficient oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Qiao Hongyan , Yong Jiaxi , Dai Xiaoping , Zhang Xin , Ma Yangde , Liu Mengzhao , Luan Xuebin , Cai Jianchang , Yang Yang , Zhao Huihui , Huang Xingliang
Published: September 2017

Hollow polyhedron hybrids are synthesized using sulfur as a modulator in bimetal-coordinated precursors and self-templated pyrolysis for highly effective OER.
Layered nanostructured ferroelectric perovskite Bi5FeTi3O15 for visible light photodegradation of antibiotics
Authors: Hailili Reshalaiti , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Xu Meiyue , Wang Yuanhao , Gong Xue-Qing , Xu Tao , Wang Chuanyi
Published: September 2017

Nanostructured perovskite Bi5FeTi3O15 with different morphologies were synthesized and show high performance antibiotic decomposition, regulated by concerted effects between surface–interface and photoinduced charge dynamics.
Characterization of defects in copper antimony disulfide
Authors: Willian de Souza Lucas Francisco , Peng Haowei , Johnston Steve , Dippo Patricia C. , Lany Stephan , Mascaro Lucia H. , Zakutayev Andriy
Published: September 2017

Copper antimony disulfide (CuSbS2) has several excellent bulk optoelectronic properties for photovoltaic absorber applications. Here, we report on the defect properties in CuSbS2thin film materials and photovoltaic devices studied using several experimental methods supported by theoretical calculations.
Formic acid oxidation on platinum electrodes: a detailed mechanism supported by experiments and calculations on well-defined surfaces
Authors: Ferre-Vilaplana A. , Perales-Rondón J. V. , Buso-Rogero C. , Feliu J. M. , Herrero E.
Published: September 2017

The key elements in the mechanism of the formic acid oxidation reaction on platinum have been completely elucidated, not only for the direct path through an active intermediate, but also for the CO formation route.
Geometrical confinement directed albumin-based nanoprobes as enhanced T1contrast agents for tumor imaging
Authors: Wang Lirong , Lin Hongyu , Ma Lengceng , Sun Chengjie , Huang Jiaqi , Li Ao , Zhao Tian , Chen Zhong , Gao Jinhao
Published: September 2017

We report a facile strategy to assemble geometrically confined albumin-based nanoparticles asT1contrast agents for sensitive tumor imaging.
A crack-based nickel@graphene-wrapped polyurethane sponge ternary hybrid obtained by electrodeposition for highly sensitive wearable strain sensors
Authors: Han Fei , Li Jinhui , Zhao Songfang , Zhang Yuan , Huang Wangping , Zhang Guoping , Sun Rong , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: September 2017

A highly stretchable and ultra-sensitive strain sensor based on a nickel nanoparticle-coated graphene polyurethane sponge (Ni@GPUS) ternary hybrid material was fabricated.
Observation of superconductivity in 1T′-MoS2nanosheets
Authors: Guo Chenguang , Pan Jie , Li Hui , Lin Tianquan , Liu Pan , Song Changsheng , Wang Dong , Mu Gang , Lai Xiaofang , Zhang Hui , Zhou Wei , Chen Mingwei , Huang Fuqiang
Published: September 2017

Studies on the preparation and physical properties of phase-pure 1T′-MoS2are still scarce although a 1T′ phase MX2(M = Mo and W; X = Se and Te) has recently been reported to be a Weyl semimetal, a quantum spin Hall insulator, and a superconductor.