bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Melastoma malabatricum and Manihot esculenta extract as natural anthelmintic on the Performance of Kacang goat
Authors: Suteky Tatik , Dwatmadji
Published: November 2019

This study was carried out to evaluate anthelmintic activity of the combination Melastoma malabatrucum and Cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves extract on the performance of Kacang goat The first experiment was conducted to examine the efication of thus extract on larva development assay and adult motility assay. In the second experiment, twenty Kacang goat were distributed into four groups according to a Completely Randomized Design namelly P1= 75% Melastoma malabatricum extract + 25% Manihot esculenta extract. P2= 50% Melastoma malabatricum extract + 50% Manihot esculenta extract P3= 25% Melastoma malabatricum extract + 75% Manihot esculenta extract P4= : Single dose Ivermectin as positif control. Extract All experimental goats were dewormed with Albendazole and treated prophylactically with a broad-spectrum antibiotic before the experiment. Goat were infected orally with 200 infective Haemonchus contortus larvae (L3). Result indicated that Melastoma malabatrucum leaves extract inhibited larvae development assay by 77% compared with 71.5% on Cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves extract. For the mean of adult motility assay increase in the concentration of extract from 3.125-50 mg/mL. Our finding also found the was significant different (P<0.05) on dry matter intake and there no significant different on live weight, no mortality was found during experimental periods.
Involvement of Jasmonic Acid in the Induced Systemic Resistance of Tomato against Ralstonia syzigiisub sp. indonesiensis by Indigenous Endophyte Bacteria
Authors: Yanti Yulmira , Warnita  , Reflin
Published: November 2019

Endophyte bacteria colonize plant roots and exert a beneficial effect on plant growth are well known for their potential to reduce plant pathogen populations in the soil, thereby suppressing diseases. Elucidation of signaling pathways controlling disease resistance is a major objective in research on plant-pathogen interactions. It has been suggested that jasmonic acid (JA) could be an integral part of a general signal transduction system regulating inducible defense genes in plants. Recent studies had shown that Endophyte bacteria could elicited induce systemic resistance (ISR) of plants by jasmonic acid pathway. This research purposed to study the involvement of JA in ISR of tomato plants against Ralstonia syzigiisubsp. Indonesiensis by indigenous endophyte bacteria. This research assayed the JA contained in the leaves and roots of tomato plants that treated with indigenous endophyte bacteria (seed and seedlings treatment) and inoculated with R. syzigiisub sp. Indonesiensis with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) in interval between 0 to 30 days after pathogen innoculation. Results shown that all selected indigenous endophyte bacteria can suppress R. syzigiisub sp. Indonesiensis attack and increase JA contained in leaves and roots of tomato significantly until 12 days after pathogen innoculations. Strain Bacillus cereus EPL1.1.3 and Serratianematodiphila TLE1.1 respectively had the highest JA activivity both in roots and leaves of tomato. This indicated that one of the selected indigenous endophyte bacteria abilities to suppress pathogens attack mechanism related to JA pathway.
Effect of Indigenos Endophytic Bacteria on Growth of Palm Oil Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) In The Nursery
Authors: Mayerni Reni , Warnita  , Yuliatri  , Rukmana Sari , Okta Sagita Chan
Published: November 2019

Endophytic bacteria have the ability to colonize plant tissues and support plant growth and development. Oil palm produces more oil per unit area than other plants. Dharmasraya is a District in West Sumatera has a large palm oil plantation and needs good seeds to increase productivity. The productivity of oil palms might be increased by means of superior seeds or by utilizing environmentally friendly microorganisms that can help to increase the growth of plants, such as endophytic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to obtain indigenous endophytic bacteria, from oil palm root systems, that improve the growth of oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in the pre-nursery. Two isolates (A2.2.1 and D5.2.1) increased the height of plants, total leaf area, fresh weight of seedlings and roots, and the dry weight of seedlings and roots.
Optimizing Quality of White Oyster Mushroom Seeds Through Plant Propagation
Authors: Rahayu S , Martono D S
Published: November 2019

Quality seeds determine the productivity of white oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). The problem is the interaction between F0 seed inoculation (agar medium) and F1 seed media. The research objective of the two-factor correlation results produces high-quality seeds and optimal growth power. The research conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University, Madiun. Two-factor experiments in the Factorial Randomized Design repeated three times: A (inoculation of F0 seed media to make A1 potato extract and media to extract coconut water A2). B (F1 media growing grain) consists of B1 corn, B2 rice grain, B3 red beans, B4 soybeans, B5 corn seeds and rice grains, B6 red beans and soybeans, B7 corn and soybeans. Anova statistical analysis continued Duncan test 5%. Significant interaction at the time of mycelium appearance, mycelium growth rate and the percentage of mycelium spread ages 7, 14 and 21 The highest time of mycelium appearance (1.8 DAP) in the combination of A1 B7 (F0 seed media for potato extract with growing medium of corn seeds and soybean seeds) and A2 B3 (media F0 seedlings to extract coconut water on rice grain growing media). Increasing speed for mycelia is the highest combination of treatment A1 B2 (F0 seed media for potato extract with rice grains) = 2.2 HIS. Percentage of 100% mycelium spread at age 21 DAP in combination A1 B1 (A: F0 seed potato extract with B2 growing medium of corn seeds). A2 (F0 seed extract of coconut water) inoculated on the medium of corn seeds and corn seeds plus other seeds of rice, red beans and soybeans provide significant results.
The Effect of Squalene Addition In-Vitro to Increase Asiatiaticoside Hairy Root Culture of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban
Authors: Zahanis
Published: November 2019

The work on the potential of C. asiatica as a source of asiaticoside has been done very little in Indonesia. However, it is very promising economically. By using the progress in biotechnology in this case the use of the culture of hairy roots is expected to become a prospective method for producing the secondary compound from C. asiatica. Culturing the hairy roots is a method of producing secondary compound with many benefits compared to cell culture or suspension. The objectives of this research were to obtain the best Squalene concentration is important to obtain high production of triterpenoid secondary metabolite. The research consist 4 treatments in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 replications. As a treatment was concentration 0 ppm Squalene (control), 150 ppm, 300 ppm, 450 ppm. The results showed that strains R.1000 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and 300 ppm Squalene concentration increased asiaticoside.
Productivity and Intestinal Profile of Boilers fed with Fermented Dragon Fruit Ration
Authors: Dewi Gusti A.M.Kristina , Wirapartha I M. , Wijana I W. , Wiyana I K. Anom , Warmadewi D. A. , Rahayu T Budi
Published: November 2019

The objective of this research was to determine the ration containing dragon fruit peel meal fermentation for productivity and intestinal profiles of broiler as been implemented for 4 weeks. The study design used is completely randomized design (CRD) where used with 3 treatment s and 5 replications of each has 10 birds. A number of 150 of one weeks age broiler were used in this experiment. The treatments were R0= control diet without dragon fruit peel meal fermentation, R1= diet with 5% fermentation dragon fruit peel meal; RD2= diet with 7% fermentation dragon fruit peel meal. The variables studied were: feed consumption, feed conversion, final body weight, body weight gain, intestinal profile. The results of this study indicate that feed consumption, feed conversion, weight gain, carcass weight, carcass percentage, intestinal profile were not significant (P> 0.05) effect after treatments of R0, R1, R2 but feed conversion ratio (FCR) and final body weight for R2 treatment has a significant effect (P0 <0.05). It can be concluded that the use of 3% -7% fermented dragon fruit peel meal on the ration did not a significant effect on broiler productivity and intestinal profile but the treatment with 7% fermented dragon fruit skin flour was significantly different to the final body weight and FCR.
Using bio-starter to increase growth and production of hortensia flower (Hydangea sp)
Authors: Suriani Ni Luh , Parwanayoni Ni Made Susun , Sudatri Ni Wayan , Suartini Ni Made
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to increase the growth and production of horticultural flowers through the use of organic fertilizers without and with stater biotechnology. This study was a field study using a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively using ANOVA, if there was a difference between the treatments followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the level of 5%. The results showed that the bio-starter had an effect on the quality of organic fertilizer. Likewise, it has a significant effect on the growth and production of hortensia. This is probably due to the making of organic fertilizers with bio-starters, the decomposition of organic matter is perfect, does not cause odor, the availability of nutrients and the number of species becomes more abundant. With a lot of nutrients, it is easier to absorb by hortensia and the use of soil bio-starter becomes more loose, porosity increases.
Analysis of prospects of crude palm oil (CPO) in west Sumatra province
Authors: Nesti Lisa , Firwantan  , Shoffiyati P , Ekawati I
Published: November 2019

Crude Palm oil (CPO) exports in West Sumatra have a high potential for competitiveness both in the domestic market and in the international market, as world demand for CPO is still quite high supported by the availability of oil palm, the availability of relatively human resources and the low cost of palm oil maintenance. On the other hand, it shows the competitiveness of CPO from the quality aspect is still quite low. It can be seen that the quality of fruit palm oil from farmers is still far below the quality standards set by the government and foreign standards so that it has implications for the low quality of CPO produced. The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing condition of the current CPO trade in West Sumatra Province, observed from the competitiveness of quality and quantity and the prediction of world demand for West Sumatra CPO. Data collection techniques with primary data were obtained through direct interviews with several CPO processing plants located in West Sumatra Province and secondary data were obtained through the Plantation, Food Crops and Horticulture Services of West Sumatra province. The method used to analyze CPO export competitiveness using the Trade Specialization Index (TSI). The results of this study stated that the value of TSI of CPO in West Sumatra Province show a value close to one which indicated that West Sumatra CPO production is at the maturation stage, in the sense of being in the industrialization stage to downstream products and the development of CPO commodity trade patterns in West Sumatra Province that able to compete with other plantation commodities, both in the domestic and international markets.
Antifungal activity of leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea against Colletotrichum acutatum the cause of anthracnose disease on chili pepper
Authors: Sudirga Sang Ketut , Ginantra I Ketut , Darmayasa Ida Bagus Gede
Published: November 2019

Antifungal activity of the leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea against Colletotrichum acutatum the cause of anthracnose disease on chili pepper was be done. The antifungal activity was determined based on the effects of plant extract to the fungal growth, spore’s formation, spore’s germination and total biomass. Results of this study showed that the crude extract of Mansoa alliacea obviously inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum acutatum on PDA with MIC by 0.7% (w/v). Treatment with leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the fungal growth, spore’s formation, spore’s germination and fungal biomass of Colletotrichum acutatum. The inhibitory activity for the colony radial growth, spore’s formation, spore’s germination, and fungal biomass were respectively ranged from 29.72 to 81.11%, 63.18 to 100%, 61.68 to 100% and 39.53 to 91.86%. This result suggested that the leaf extract of Mansoa alliacea contains the antifungal susbtances that responsable for the antifungal activity such as phenol and alkaloid, so this extract can be considered as one of alternative measures to control the anthracnose disease on chili pepper.
Application Alkali Treatment Rice Husk – CaCl2 as Moisture Absorber of Coconut Palm Sugar Granule
Authors: Agriawati DP , Warsiki E , Iskandar A , Noor E
Published: November 2019

Rice husk is high fiber agricultural wastes and with CaCl2impregnated, it would be potential to develop as a composite moisture absorber. In this case, the rice husk – CaCl2composite can absorb and control the moisture in headspace of packaging to stabilize the water activity of the product. This study was aimed to develop moisture absorber from rice husk – CaCl2and apply the sachet of moisture absorber into the package of coconut palm sugar granule (CSG). Moisture absorber was prepared by impregnated the surface of modified rice husk using sodium hydroxide (5% w/v) and CaCl2with the concentration of 5, 10 and 15 % w/v. Physical parameters of CSG were analyzed. Rice husk – CaCl215% has the highest moisture absorption. Meanwhile, the using of rice husk - CaCl2as moisture absorber was able to maintain the moisture content of CSG during storage at the condition as about 2% with RH 70%.
Characteristics of High Protein Snack Bar Made of Modified Sweet Potato Flour
Authors: Sunyoto Marleen , Andoyo Robi , Masitoh Euis
Published: November 2019

MOSEP (Modified Sweet Potato) flour that made of sweet potato is potentially used as an emergency food due to its highly content of carbohydrate. Snack bar becomes an option of emergency food form because practical in its preparation and serving. Mung beans flour and commercial WPC (whey protein concentrate) were added to produce a new food product that high in protein content of at least 10 – 15% to meet emergency food requirements. Objective of study was to obtain a proper formulation between MOSEP composite flour and mung beans flour by adding 5% commercial WPC in the making of snack bar emergency food. Method used in the study was Randomized Block Design consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were the ratio of MOSEP flour: mung beans flour, 70:30; 65:35; 60:40 and 55:45. Results showed that the best formulation was the treatment of MOSEP flour: Mung beans flour 55:45, having characteristics of 13.96% protein content, 3.45% raw fiber, 120.23 kcal/30 gram calorific value, 2255,93 gF hardness, 94.53% yield and organoleptic tests of preference, colour, flavour and aroma were accepted.
The Effect of Vegetable Waste Flour as Substitution of Feed on Production Performance and Income Over Feed Cost of Male Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Sutrisno Joko , Swastike Winny , Prayudi Akmal , Pramono Ahmad
Published: November 2019

The aim of the research was to determine the effects of vegetables waste flour use on the production performance and income over feed cost (IOFC) of male quail. Four hundred of male quails were divided into four groups with five replications. The experiment used completely randomized design and the data were analysed by analysis of variances. The observed variables were The variables observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and calculation method of income over feed cost (IOFC). If there is a difference of treatment continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The experimental diet were P0 = basal diet, P1 = 97% basal diet + 3% vegetables waste flour, P2 = 94% basal diet + 6% vegetables waste flour, and P3 = 91% basal ration + 9% vegetables waste flour. Result showed that the used of vegetable waste flour had no effect on production performances but income over feed cost had IDR. 333 more efficient for each quail than basal diet (control).
The potential of instant yellow cornmeal and tempe flour as glucose control on hyperglycemic conditions
Authors: Desminarti Susi , Ermiati  , Rahzarni
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study to evaluate the glucose control potential of instant yellow cornmeal and tempe flour by using hyperglycemic mouse models. In approaching this purpose, 24 male ddY mice were used and divided into 3 goups : group A (positive control group, hyperglycemic, 100 % standard feed), group B (treatment group, hyperglycemic, 60 % instant yellow cornmeal + 40 % instant tempe flour), and group C (negative control group, normal, 100 % standard feed). The evaluated parameters of body weight and blood glucose levels were measured during the 8-week period of the study. Results showed that group B (60 % instant yellow cornmeal + 40 % instant tempe flour ration) indicated the potential to control hyperglycemic conditions (p<0.05 ) and displayed higher levels of body weight (6.05 ± 6.08 grams, p >0.05 ) compared to groups A and C.
Side effect of long term injection of high dose whitening vitamin C to plasma glucose and cholesterol level
Authors: Sudatri NW , Yulihastiti Dwi Ariani , Suartini Ni Made , Narayani Inna , Nyoman Wirasiti Ni
Published: November 2019

The use of whitening vitamin C to make the skin brighter in the long term, however can cause side effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the side effects of long-term high dose injections of whitening vitamin C plasma glucose and cholesterol level. This study used rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) as experimental animals. The rats randomly divided into five groups consisting of ten rats each group. Four groups were administered injections of white vitamin C and one group as control animal. The design used in this study was a complete randomized design (RAL) and the treatments were different long term of injections of high-dose whitening vitamin C, ie 30-day injections (P1), 50-day injections (P2), 70-day injections (P3), 90 days of injections (P4) and control (P0). The treatment was repeated ten times. The parameters observed were glucose and cholesterol rats plasma levels before and after high-dose whitening vitamin C injection treatment. Data was analysed by ANOVA allowed by Duncan’s Test. The results indicated that rats glucose plasma levels injected by high dose of whitening vitamin C in long-term between control and treatment showed significant differences (P = 0.005) and cholesterol plasma levels showed significant different too (P = 000). Glucose and cholesterol plasma levels of rats injected by high doses of whitening vitamin C in long term tend to decrease.
Response of rice genotypes to zinc fertilizer detected using RAPD
Authors: Defiani M R , Astarini I A , Pharmawati M
Published: November 2019

Rice nutrition as a staple food in Asia is important for human metabolism and health. One of the global warming effects is micro element reduction in rice, including Zn. Fertilizer application of Zn(SO4).2H20 was studied to investigate effect of Zn on some genotypes of local rice (white rice cv. Mansur, red rice cv. Cendana, sticky rice and black sticky rice) from Jatiluwih, Tabanan, Bali using RAPD marker. Experiments was conducted on plastic pot containing 2 kg soil enriched with Zn(SO4).2H2O with concentration as followed 0.0; 2.5; 5,0 mg/kg soil. Each treatment consists of three replicates with 2 sub unit for each replicates. There were two seedlings per pot. Pots were placed in open field at Denpasar, Bali. Rice seedlings were grown until 8 weeks after planted. Seedlings were kept waterlogged during 8 weeks growth period. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker was employed to detect polymorphism between treatments. Primers used were OPB12 and OPH1. RAPD showed that each genotype had different response to Zn treatment.
Changes in soil bacterial community as affected by soil compaction, soil water content and plant roots
Authors: Ishak L , Brown P H
Published: November 2019

The present study assessed the effects of compaction on temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities and whether these changes were influenced by the presence of plant roots and soil water content. A pot trial comprised three levels of compaction (1.1 gcm-3 – un-compacted; 1.25 gcm-3 – moderately-compacted; 1.4 gcm-3 – heavily-compacted), two levels of irrigation regimes (60 and 80% FC), and two soil conditions (planted soil versus free root soil) was established. Soil microbial attributes investigated included bacterial activity and diversity, which were obtained from five sampling times (5; 10; 15; 20; 30 days). The results showed that bacterial activity and diversity changes over time and were higher in un-compacted soil treatment at day-20. Bacterial activity and diversity were higher in moderately-compacted soil with high soil moisture level (80% FC). Microbial activity and diversity were weakly correlated with the presence of plant roots particularly when soil was heavily compacted. Given the changes of microbial communities that followed changes in soil moisture availability, it was, therefore, concluded that management of the timing of irrigation inputs is needed in order to maintain microbial communities in soil.
Flowering induction and formation of salak (Salacca sumaterana Becc) fruit with potassium and boron fertilization
Authors: Warnita  , Suliansyah Irfan , Syarif Auzar , Adelina Rasmita
Published: November 2019

Salak Sidimpuan is one of the superior commodities of Padang Sidimpuan that taste sweet, sour and make it different from Pondoh and Bali. Physiological conditions will greatly affect the growth and development plant especially the phase of flowering and fruit formation. Other factors that affect the flowering phase and fruit formation are nutritional status and relative water content in the plant. The purposes of study to get the best concentration of Potassium and Boron on fruit formation and Sidimpuan zalacca production off season. This research was conducted at Palopat Maria village, Padang Sidimpuan City. This study was conducted from July 2017 to March 2018. The experiment was conducted Split Plot Design with three replications. The main factor is the potassium fertilizer i.e. without potassium, 20 g and 40 g / tree potassium. The subplot is the B fertilizer dosage i.e. without fertilizer B, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm/tree. The results showed that Sidimpuan Salak Plant was a hermaphrodite flowering plant, carried out its own pollination and the time it took from flower up fruit ready to harvest about 5.5 to 6 months. The highest number of fruit Bunches (8.74 bunches) was obtained at 20 g / plant while in B 3000 ppm / tree was 9:01 bunches.
Development of organic rice potentials as drivers of rural economy towards sustainable national agricultural development
Authors: Pujiasmanto Bambang , Suryandari Retno Tanding , Aliyah Istijabatul
Published: November 2019

The agriculture development is one of the determine factor of Indonesia economic development as an agrarian country. This study aims to increase farmers income and welfare, to support the development of a healthy lifestyle by consuming organic agriculture, and friendly agricultural development environment towards sustainable national agricultural development. Using descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data will be collected using several methods, which include field observations, interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), Analysis data using interactive analysis, supply-demand analysis, and laboratory analysis. This research has resulted a model of empowerment of organic rice farmers in Klaten District called the “Downstream Upstream Balance Model” underlining the importance of realizing a production sector that is always based on the principles of organic farming and the market sector which is always built through the formation of a consumer mindset about life patterns healthy. The empowerment model of organic rice farmer is focused on mindset change in order to create higher product prices so as to provide more adequate benefits. Besides that, the empowerment model of organic rice farmers in Klaten Regency is also directed to maintain the continuity of supply and quality of products. As the conclusion is an empowerment model of organic rice farmers in Klaten District to maintain the continuity of supply and product quality was conducted, which is strategies for improving the quality of organic rice in Klaten District, and rice marketing strategies effective organic to increase sales of organic rice products in Klaten Regency.
Providing Ultraviolet Recovery on Salmonella sp Bacteria and Haematological Examination in Infected Salmonellosis
Authors: Yulihastuti D A , Kawuri R
Published: November 2019

Ducks are one of the most popular livestock in Indonesian society. Maintenance of ducks is mostly done extensively, namely grazing in paddy fields or ditches. This method can cause ducks to be susceptible to disease and can spread quickly because ducks are grazed to move places. One of the diseases that attacks ducks is Salmonellosis caused by the Salmonella sp. bacteria. One way to kill Salmonella sp. bacteria is by using ultraviolet (UV) light. The purpose of this study was to find the right UV irradiation method to weaken the Salmonella sp. bacteria which then weakened bacteria would be made into Salmonellosis vaccine. In this study, Salmonella sp. bacteria were isolated directly from ducks’s cloaca by swabs. Salmonella sp. were given UV irradiation treatment with different times of 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes and 35 minutes, with the same distance of 10 cm. Salmonella sp which is irradiated with UV light for 25 minutes is the best, supported by the duck’s immune system increases after 2 weeks of Salmonella infection. This result gives opportunities to develop vaccine for Salmonelosis disease in the duck in the future.
White skin orange sweet potato grown in Limapuluh Kota District, West Sumatra Indonesia: Morphology and elemental analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray flourescence
Authors: Hardaningsih Wiwik , Sembiring Ngakumalem , Saad Siti Khatijah M. , Ozair Lailatun Nazirah , Yamin Bohari M
Published: November 2019

The white skin sweet orange potato (Ipomoea batatas Linn ) was grown by organic method without using any synthetic fertilizer. It was harvested after 4 months of cultivation. Scanning electron photomicrograph of both transversal and longitudinal cross sections showed the formation of starch crystals having round or spherical and polygonal shape with sizes between 2 and 30 μm. Only carbon, oxygen as major elements and small concentration of potassium, calcium and magnesium were detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The absence of some important essential elements demands further investigation on soil-plant nutrient uptake relationship towards the production of highly nutritional potato.
Implementation of Fine Sand’s Capillary Force to Filter Polluted Water: A Study on Change of Overflow Media Height to the Debit and Quality of Filtered Tofu Liquid Waste
Authors: Mujiharjo Sigit , Syafnil  , Wulandari Yessy , Sari NovitaWinda
Published: November 2019

Four identically designed and constructed Capillary-Gravitational Slow Sand Filter (SSF) with different in its overflow media height were parallelly operated to filtered tofu liquid waste for the purpose to identify responses of debit and quality of permeate with the change of overflow media height. The experiment was conducted following 4x4 LS with the overflow media height as the treatment. Besides the debit for clear and polluted water, samples of the liquid waste and the permeate were taken and analysed for TSS, Turbidity, pH, BOD and COD. Result of analysis showed that debit of SSF was 182.6 -252.1 ml/minute for clear water; 81.3 – 153.5 ml/minute for tofu liquid waste; TSS 7.5 – 20.5 mg/L; Turbidity 0.58 – 3.84 NTU; pH 6.8 – 7.2; BOD 1.7 – 35.4 mg/L; COD 3.8 – 108.0 mg/L with removal efficiency more 96% when overflow media 4 cm or more. In conclusion, the SSF Grapilar reduced when it was used to filter polluted water. In terms of pollutant removal, SSF Grapilar was effective; it was able to remove more than 95% of TSS, Turbidity, BOD, COD and neutralized permeate of tofu liquid waste when the overflow media height was 4 cm or more.
Assessing the impact of climate change on the traditional hydrological system of the Cordillera Rice Terraces
Authors: Aujero Aldrin , Platt-Salcedo Scott , Zhou Adam
Published: November 2019

This paper assesses the impact of climate change on the traditional hydrological system of the Cordillera Rice Terraces. The terracing method is a part of the whole complex and robust socio-ecological system (SES) built within the Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF). We devised assessment schemes that determine the vulnerabilities climate change brings about to this system. We listed SES specific variables based on the Turner Framework Vulnerability Analysis and utilized the Smith and Pilifosova vulnerability model in order to achieve a standardized value for comparison across different SES regions. After identifying factors of constant exposure, sensitivity, and resilience, we designated a value of 0-1 based on the factor’s degree of impact towards climate change as well as attributed a weight for each. We could then assess the vulnerability of an SES to a given stimulus over a given time. The most vulnerable SES would have the maximum value of 1 for the exposure and sensitivity factors, while the resilience factor would have the minimum value of 0. Given the context of the Cordillera Rice Terraces, we can conclude that the system’s vulnerability to climate change, is higher than average.
Farm Power Sources and Machinery Contribution in Small Rice Farming Operations in Kampar Region, Indonesia
Authors: Paman Ujang , Khairizal  , Wahyudy Hajry Arief , Bahri Saipul
Published: November 2019

Farm power is one of the important inputs in agriculture. Farm machinery is farm power source which has been increasingly used by farmers as instead of manual tools and animal power. This paper attempts to identify farm power sources and machinery contribution in small rice farming operations in Kampar Region, Indonesia. Field survey was conducted in the region and 30 rice farmers were interviewed to collect primary data. Descriptive-quantitative approaches ware used to analyse data, including percentage, mean, and graphical methods. The results showed that the farm machinery was used by farmers to perform rice farming operations in survey areas. The most popular and dominant power sources were human and machine powers. The machine power came from hand tractors, irrigation (water) pumps, power threshers, and rice milling units. They increased during the period of 2012-2016 and total number of power available on farm also increased during the same period. The contribution of machine power for total power was significant and would become more important in the future. Therefore, there is a need to increase the number and type of the farm machinery in the region in order to increase the availability of farm power and eventually increase rice production and productivity.
Analysis of Household Demand for Chicken Meat in Yogyakarta
Authors: Ani Susi Wuri , Antriyandarti Ernoiz
Published: November 2019

One of the important food commodities in Indonesia is chicken meat. Approximately 79% of the entire Indonesian population consumes chicken meat for their daily consumption. This study was conducted in Yogyakarta which is a mini of Indonesia, where the population is heterogeneous, many migrants from all over Indonesia live there. An Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model is used to examine household behaviour in Yogyakarta using household social and economy survey data for the period of 2017. The empirical results indicate that estimated elasticity of chicken meat is found to be price inelastic. The study revealed that there is an inverse relationship between the household expenditure and the budget share of chicken meat, a direct relationship between the price of chicken meat and its budget share. The result can have important implications for maintaining the stability of price and availability of chicken meat in meeting the demand for chicken meat.
Diagnostic and Design Approach: Preparation Masterplan Policies of Agroforestry Development in Madiun, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setiahadi R , Lukitasari M , Pratiwi D , Kartikasari SR
Published: November 2019

Deforestation and degraded forest land will continue to affect climate patterns in various places and trigger an increase in the frequency and intensity of weather events and extreme climate. The impacts felt by the community are quite a lot both in the social, economic, infrastructure, fishery, agriculture, health, tourism sectors, even in the areas of defence and security. Various anticipatory steps need to do by raising awareness of the community and relevant stakeholders to this issue of climate change. One of the actions of climate change adaptation in the capacity building is to encourage the emergence of national and local policies that address the concerns and readiness mitigation to cope with the impacts of climate change on various fronts, particularly in agriculture and food security. This study aims to encourage the preparation of the policy masterplan of agroforestry development as an effort to mitigate climate change in Madiun, East Java, Indonesia. With a Diagnostic and Design approach (D&D), a policy recommendation for agroforestry development in the medium and long-term developed. The result of a D&D approach by the available resource potential, the agroforestry model that is feasible to be developed is agro-silviculture and agro-silvopastoral.
Efficiency of 9KWp Sun Tracking Photovoltaic in Palembang, Indonesia
Authors: Pasaribu Nova , Rusdianasari  , Syarif Aida
Published: November 2019

Solar energy is one of the renewable energy potentials as an alternative energy substitute for fossil fuels in Indonesia. Indonesia that is located on the equator is very profitable because it always gets sunlight throughout the year. Indonesia has an average of the solar energy potential of 4.8 KWh / m2 equivalent to 112,000 GWp. Light or sunlight can be converted into electricity using solar cell technology (Photovoltaic). Electrical energy generated from the solar panels will be maximized if the solar cell is always perpendicular to the direction of the focus of the sun. Sun tracker is a system that can automatically control the solar cell to remain focused on the direction of the sun. This paper is a case study to determine the efficiency of solar panels that use the sun tracking system with monocrystalline silicon type with 9 KWp capacity. The solar panel system is located in Plaju Palembang (South Sumatra, Indonesia) where the average daily radiation levels are 4.96 kWh/m2. To determine the efficiency of the solar panel, then Data collection was performed for two months, namely in December 2017 and January 2018.
Fermentation Process of Glycerol to Arabitol from Byproducts of Reutalis trisperma Biodiesel Using Yeast of Debaryomyces Hansenii
Authors: Mardawati Efri , Andoyo Robi , Muhaemin Mimin , Nurjanah Sarifah , Natawigena Darajat , Herwanto Totok , Handarto  , Utama Gemilang Lara , Rosalinda  , Poppy  , Kramadibrata Ade M
Published: November 2019

Arabitol byproduct on the production of biodiesel Reutalis trisperma has calories of 0.2 cals / g equivalent to the level of sweetness of sucrose can be produced by using the yeast of Debaryomyces hansenii. The research was done by experimental method and descriptive analysis with two replications. The variation in this study was the ratio between the concentration of glycerol substrate and the fermentation medium added to 250 m / L of work volume in five treatments, namely: A (1: 16) crude glycerol, B (1: 16) pure glycerol, C (1: 8) crude glycerol, D (1:5) crude glycerol, and E (1:4) crude glycerol. The experimental results that the D. hansenii ITB CC R85 yeast may accumulate the formation of arabitol during the stationary phase at 120 h. The best fermentation condition was obtained at treatment C with a specific growth rate (μ) of 0.0608/h, arabitol concentration of 0.2373 g / L, the yield of arabitol to glycerol (Yp / s) of 0.0041 g / g, the yield of biomass to the substrate (Yx / s) of 0.3214 g / g.
Improving efficiency of use of gas fuels in automobile
Authors: Safarov E G , Zakharov E A , Alimov V A , Fedyanov E A
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses ways to increase the efficiency of using propane-butane compositions on board a car. The main reasons for the decrease in power during the transition from gasoline to propane-butane are given and the ways to solve them by changing the conditions of supply to the engine intake, as well as the use of thermochemical recovery of exhaust heat, are analyzed.
Influence of the vehicle age on the reliability assessment when there are mistakes in the process of diagnosing
Authors: Bulatov S V
Published: November 2019

Any vehicle failures occur during operation. The repair of the refused knot or the unit will be costly and with time consuming. In practice the coefficient of the technical readiness of the vehicle fleet is widely used. We carry out the analysis of the reliability of the vehicle components and also the effectiveness of the diagnostic nodes and units of the Lada Kalina car taking into account the mistakes cost in the process of diagnosis. As a result of the one-year experimental studies the obtained data show the diagnosing efficiency of 428 Lada Kalina cars.
TQM/ISO at Russian enterprises
Authors: Smirnov V V , Semenov V L , Kadyshev E N , Zakharova A N , Chainkov V N
Published: November 2019

In the conditions of aggravating global competition for commodity markets in Russia, the problem of forming and implementing a development strategy for domestic enterprises becomes urgent. To maintain its position in global competition, the development strategy of Russian enterprises should focus on improving the quality of products and services, which implies the use of modern methods and approaches combining the accumulated global experience. Russian enterprises are faced with the need to solve simultaneously a set of problems related to ensuring sustainable consumer demand for domestic products, technical and environmental safety of production, meeting the requirements of national product standards. The article reveals the relevance of the problem of creating and implementing quality management systems in Russian enterprises, indicating the reasons for the insufficient use of TQM/ISO. The research methodology is based on a retrospective analysis of historical stages of the evolution of product quality assurance and the prevailing basic concepts of TQM. The evolution of basic principles of TQM in ISO 9001, QS 9000, in VDA 6.3 and target directions of the optimal interaction of all business processes in an enterprise are shown. As a result of the study, along with the reasons for the certification process complexity of the quality management system at Russian enterprises, a strategic need to implement the TQM / ISO policy at Russian enterprises is identified. QSM implemented in a Russian enterprise, in accordance with TQM philosophy and ISO 9001 regulations should be aimed at meeting the requirements of the interested parties - the consumer and the manufacturer. QMS optimally distributes the duties, powers and responsibilities of personnel who manage, execute and carry out inspections of activities that affect the risks associated with the operation of the organization, its equipment and processes
Ensuring the safety of operation of the truck with the semi-trailer
Authors: Bashegurov S V , Nasybullin F F , Khusainov R M , Faskhieva Z R
Published: November 2019

This article raises an important issue of road train stability under various operating conditions, it also discusses one of the elements of active safety in the operation of road trains consisting of a truck tractor and a semi-trailer, namely the ordering of the mutual position of the parts of the train. A brief overview of the principle of operation of various schemes designed to prevent the folding of a tractor with a semi-trailer, as well as structural and functional capabilities, some disadvantages and advantages is given. The new and one of the latest implementation systems for blocking the folding of a trackless vehicle consisting of a semi-trailer is presented. The blocking mechanism for folding a train includes a closed kinematic chain using flexible coupling, as well as a controlled closed hydraulic system. There are certain promising possibilities of this proposed technical solution in terms of increasing active safety in the operation of the trailer and organizing the provision of controllability of the saddle tractor relative to the semi-trailer interconnected with the steering and steering wheels, with the position of the brake pedal sensor road trains, with driver’s actions, weather conditions and traffic situations.
Smart energy coating for independent power generation in pavement and machine elements
Authors: Pospelova I Y , Pospelova M Y , Kornilov D A
Published: November 2019

Developed Smart Energy Coating is capable to generate electric power independently and to ensure a stable temperature regime for road surface, machine elements and control systems. This can provide additional reliability and safety of the structure in harsh climate. The energy production scheme is based on the Peltier principle and the insulating layer with a phase transition. Thermal conductive inclusions inside the layer with phase transition material support the stable operation of the Peltier element. In the article variants of Smart Energy Coating are proposes for the mode of operation with the highest energy generation.
Standardization of the capacity utilization factor of urban public transport fleet
Authors: Fadeev A I , Fomin Ye V , Alhusseini S , Pulyanova K V , Voevodin E S
Published: November 2019

The article describes the task of determining the standard for transport fleet when working on regular urban routes, analyzes the dependence of the capacity utilization factor on the passenger traffic parameters, the average operating time of the transport fleet on the route and the speed fluctuation during public transport operation. The accounting of the transportation speed fluctuation during the operation of urban public transport is suggested to be measured through the transportation speed fluctuation factor.
The efficiency of heating the gasoline engine while working in cyclic mode: acceleration - coasting
Authors: Bulgakov S A , Voronin D M
Published: November 2019

The article provides a rationale for a way of increasing the efficiency of the engine post-launch by transferring it to the “free acceleration-coasting” operating mode. The method allows to download the coupling and engine parts by means of inertial forces arising while working on non-braking unsteady speed modes, which significantly increases the efficiency of the post-start heating of internal combustion engines in relation to the steady-state idling. A comparative assessment of the run-out of parts of the main details of the major coupling of the ZMZ-4062.10 gasoline engine during the start-up period in the dynamic capacity mode and at idling is given. It remains completely acceptable and by no means can be considered threatening. It is worth noting that the application of the method is accompanied by an increase in efficiency due to the reduction of the warm-up time and fuel consumption, which makes it reasonable to consider it acceptable for use in automobile operation conditions.
Experimental study of metrological properties of magnetostrictive sensors when changing their design parameters
Authors: Yan’kov O S , Chernyshkov A S , Kornyakov M V , Gilev A V
Published: November 2019

This paper outlines the study of the causes of the relative error Δ in braking-force metering FT
using the noncontact magnetostrictive method. The study has been carried out on the roller brake testers used for monitoring a technical state of a vehicle brake system. The authors suggest that the metering error Δ depends on the gap δ
C
formed between the measuring and magnetizing coils of the sensor and the surface of the shaft on which the magnetostrictive sensor is mounted. Based on this assumption the experimental study is conducted to reveal the dependence of the relative error Δ of the gap δ
C
that produce a shaft beat δ
max
inside the sensor. The results of the study indicate that when the shaft δ
max
= 0.2 mm, the metering error of brake force is Δ = 1.4 %. The given value of the relative error Δ of the braking-force metering does not exceed the maximum permissible value Δ = ±3%. When the shaft beat δ
max
increases inside the sensor, the relative error Δ also increases.
Improving design safety of tractor-trailers by upgrading towing couplers
Authors: Stroganov Yu N , Yu Stroganova O , Ognev O G
Published: November 2019

One major way of increasing efficiency in production, construction and agriculture industries is to use motor- and tractor-trailers for transportation needs. At the same time, a tractor-trailer is a complex and less maneuverable machine in comparison with a single vehicle. Exceeding the velocity regime, especially in the case of tractor-trailers, leads to a loss of stability during linear motion, on curvilinear sections of the trajectory or in complex traffic conditions. Speed limit is a standard prevention method; however, it does not guarantee any acceptable result. Other ways of resolving this issue have almost exhausted their potential. It should be noted that solving this problem is further complicated by a lack of a unified road-movement theory for tractor-trailers – thus, mainly restrictive measures are used. The authors suggested a hypothesis on possible improvement of tractor-trailer safety by means of increasing their motion stability via upgraded design characteristics of towing tractor-trailer couplers. The higher stability would be achieved by raising the damping factor of transverse oscillations by applying lateral disturbing forces. The authors proposed over 55 technical solutions, all protected by certificates of authorship in engineering, of upgrading the towing couplers and providing the increase of tractor-trailer operation safety in various road conditions.
Improving the process of transport of solid municipal waste by automobile transport
Authors: Lobov N V , Maltsev D V , Genson E M
Published: November 2019

This article is devoted to the description of improvement of the transport process of solid municipal waste (SMW). The developed complex approach is presented, which allows one to improve the procedure of waste loading for preventing loading equipment failure, and also allowing increasing efficiency of the decision making process in case of emergency. The results of researching reliability of loading equipment are presented. The analysis of technical and economic indicators of specialized vehicle service using the developed complex approach is carried out.