bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute home-based care for patients with cancer to avoid, substitute, and follow emergency department visits: a conceptual framework using Porter’s Five Forces
Authors: Baugh Christopher W. , Dorner Stephen C. , Levine David M. , Handley Nathan R. , Mooney Kathi H.
Published: July 2022

Background

Patients with cancer constitute a large and increasing segment of patients who receive unscheduled hospital-based care due to treatment-related symptoms and disease progression. The initial hospital-based touchpoint for these unscheduled hospitalizations is often the emergency department. Traditional models of emergency department and inpatient hospital-based care are saturated and incapable of scaling to accommodate the future, increased needs projected for this population. New models of care are necessary to address this gap. Acute home-based care is a promising tool potentially providing patient-centric, efficient care to eligible patients.

Methods

We applied Porter’s Five Forces framework that addresses the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, threat of substitutes and new entrants, and industry rivalries plus the sixth force of regulation to clarify the factors that will promote or challenge the adoption of a home-based cancer care referral model before or following emergency department visits. Exploring this framework provides insights into the complexities of scaling an acute home-based cancer care model and highlights ways for health systems including hospitals, emergency departments, physician groups, and individual emergency physicians and oncologists to optimize their roles in this emerging model of care.

Results

We found that current workforce shortages, as well as workflow, infrastructure, and regulatory complexities, pose major challenges that unless carefully addressed may restrict the growth of acute home-based cancer care. Additional uncertainties persist around appropriate payment models and the competitive landscape. Key promoting factors include the recognized need in the cancer community and among payers for new models to decrease unscheduled hospitalizations and emergency department visits as well as the uptake of home-based and technology-enabled solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. A better understanding of these forces helps to clarify the risks and opportunities as new entrants build their programs.

Conclusions

Acute home-based cancer care is a promising tool to complement traditional outpatient clinics, emergency departments, and inpatient hospital-based models of cancer care. New technologies and policies increasingly enable a broader scope of cancer care in the home setting.
Accelerating seismic scattered noise attenuation in offset-vector tile domain: Application of deep learning
Authors: Liu Dawei , Wang Xiaokai , Yang Xiaohai , Mao Haibo , Sacchi Mauricio D. , Chen Wenchao
Published: July 2022

Recent years have witnessed many practical applications of supervised deep learning in seismic processing. However, a weak generalization behavior prevents widespread implementation on large-scale prestack data sets for coherent noise attenuation. This is particularly true when addressing strong near-surface scattered noise in land seismic data. To alleviate this problem, we have combined deep learning with an offset-vector tile (OVT) partitioning method to suppress strong scattered noise. With the OVT partitioning method, seismic data are spatially uniformly sampled, offering a favorable foundation for network learning. Specifically, the reflection probability distribution is more stationary than the noise distribution, making it easier for the network to learn the reflections. Accordingly, we use the direct signal learning strategy rather than the commonly used residual learning strategy to train the network. To construct high-quality training labels, we adopt the 3D continuous wavelet transform (3D CWT), which can exploit the 3D spatial correlation in OVT gathers. General use of these labels can produce results similar to 3D CWT but is highly efficient. To further improve denoising performance, we propose a training sample construction approach that leverages middle-offset OVT volumes with varying azimuths in light of midoffset relatively high signal-to-noise ratio characteristics. The field data experiment demonstrates that our proposed method also has an excellent generalization ability. Despite only using six middle-offset gathers for training, the trained network is able to effectively process 1260 OVTs in a timely manner.
DL2: Dictionary learning regularized with deep learning prior for simultaneous denoising and interpolation
Authors: Liu Lina , Ma Jianwei
Published: July 2022

The dictionary learning method has been successfully applied to denoise and interpolate seismic data. However, this method cannot be used to adequately interpret weak seismic events and structural features. By combining dictionary learning and a convolutional neural network (CNN) denoiser, we have constructed a new dictionary learning method regularized by a supervised denoiser (DL-SD). In addition to the sparse prior used in previous dictionary learning, the CNN denoiser learns from sizeable amounts of natural images using a deep neural network to help regularize the fine and structural features of data in the DL-SD. We use the plug-and-play alternating directional method of multipliers to solve the net-transform balanced DL-SD model. The results of simultaneous denoising and interpolation indicates that the proposed method is more effective than a deep learning method called the FFDNet and a dictionary learning method known as the data-driven tight frame.
Theoretical analyses of stochastic evolutionary game systems
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Yang Shuo , Guo Jin
Published: July 2022

Evolutionary game theory is a powerful tool for studying the frequency-dependent selection, where the success of one strategy depends on the frequency of all strategies. The classic theoretical approach is the replicator equation, where the strategy evolution is deterministic for infinitely large populations. However for the stochastic evolutionary systems of finite populations, one of the most difficult obstacles lies in making qualitative or quantitative analytical deductions about evolutionary outcomes. In this paper, we present a brief yet important report about quantitative analytical methods for finite-size evolutionary game systems, from the two perspectives of how to calculate fixation probabilities and stationary frequencies. Importantly, we not only review some crucial developments about theoretical approaches which were achieved in this field but also put forward two remarkable prospects for further research.
IGF-I Variability Over Repeated Measures in Patients With Acromegaly Under Long-Acting Somatostatin Receptor Ligands
Authors: Maione Luigi , Albrici Cristina , Grunenwald Solange , Mouly Céline , Cimino Vincenzo , Lecoq Anne-Lise , Souberbielle Jean Claude , Caron Philippe , Chanson Philippe
Published: July 2022

Context

In patients with acromegaly on long-term treatment with long-acting somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs), the time of blood collection for IGF-I measurement after injection is not well defined.

Objective

We aimed to assess serum IGF-I dynamics and variability in SRL-treated patients compared with surgically cured patients and healthy controls.

Methods

Thirty patients under SRLs considered controlled based on a normal previous IGF-I level, 10 patients cured by pituitary surgery, and 7 healthy subjects underwent 4 weekly IGF-I determinations.

Results

In SRL-treated patients, the IGF-I SDS (mean ± SD) was higher just before injection (0.34 ± 0.66) than at Day 7 (−0.33 ± 0.61; P = 0.0041) and Day 14 (−0.23 ± 0.60; P = 0.047) after injection, but it did not significantly vary in cured patients and healthy controls. The IGF-I CV was higher in SRL-treated patients than in cured patients or healthy controls (14.4 ± 7.6% vs 7.9 ± 4.4% and 8.3 ± 3.2%, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Among SRL-treated patients, IGF-I CV was higher in “nonoptimally controlled patients”—i.e., patients with at least one elevated IGF-I value out of 4 (n = 9) compared with “optimally controlled” patients for whom all 4 IGF-I SDS values were < 2.0 (21.3 ± 9.3 vs 11.6 ± 6.0%; P = 0.0019). The latter did not differ from surgically cured patients and healthy controls. The measurement at the farthest distance from the SRL injection was the most predictive of patients with nonoptimally controlled disease.

Conclusion

In patients treated with long-acting SRLs, IGF-I sampling at the farthest distance from SRL injection is the most informative and best predictor of optimal disease control.
A Founder Mutation in the POMC 5′-UTR Causes Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency Through Splicing-Mediated Decrease of mRNA
Authors: Viakhireva Iuliia , Kalinchenko Natalia , Vasilyev Evgeny , Chistousova Galina V , Filatova Alexandra , Marakhonov Andrey , Rubtsov Petr M , Skoblov Mikhail , Tiulpakov Anatoly
Published: July 2022

Context

The syndrome of adrenal insufficiency, obesity, and red hair is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The majority of disease-causing variants associated with the syndrome are located in the coding region of the POMC gene.

Objective

This work describes 7 unrelated patients who shared a novel homozygous mutation in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of the POMC gene and functionally characterize this novel variant.

Methods

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) with autozygosity mapping, Sanger sequencing, model expression system studies, and RNA sequencing were used for identification of the disease-causing variant and its subsequent functional characterization. Seven unrelated patients of the Perm Tatar ethnic group presented with hypoglycemia and excessive weight gain, low plasma adrenocorticotropin, and cortisol. Five of 7 children had red hair; 6 of 7 patients also showed signs of bronchial obstruction.

Results

WES showed shared autozygosity regions overlapping the POMC gene. Sanger sequencing of the POMC 5′-UTR detected a homozygous variant chr2:25391366C > T (hg19) at the splice donor site of intron 1. As demonstrated by the model expression system, the variant led to a significant decrease in the POMC messenger RNA level. Analyses of the patients’ haplotypes were suggestive of the founder effect. We estimate that the mutation must have occurred at least 4.27 generations ago (95% CI, 0.86-7.67).

Conclusion

This report presents a new molecular mechanism of POMC deficiency and contributes to the information on phenotypic variability in patients with this disorder.
The Joint Secular Trends of Sleep Quality and Diabetes Among US Adults, 2005-2018
Authors: Wang Xuan , Ma Hao , Gupta Shaveta , Heianza Yoriko , Fonseca Vivian , Qi Lu
Published: July 2022

Context

Sleep quality has been related to the risk of diabetes; however, little is known about the prevalence of diabetes in the United States according to the levels of sleep quality.

Objective

To examine the joint secular trends of the overall sleep quality and diabetes among US adults from 2005-2006 to 2017-2018.

Methods

Seven cycles of cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data between 2005-2006 and 2017-2018 were included. Nonpregnant adults aged 20 years or older were eligible for the study. A healthy sleep score was calculated to represent overall sleep quality. The prevalence of diabetes was estimated and mean levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance were calculated.

Results

Both the estimated age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and changing trend in prevalence of diabetes varied by the overall sleep quality groups. The highest prevalence of diabetes was consistently observed in the low sleep quality group in each cycle, in which a significantly increasing trend was also noted across cycles (P for trend = .004). In contrast, the lowest prevalence of diabetes was consistently observed in the high sleep quality group in each cycle, in which no increasing trend over time was observed (P for trend = .346).

Conclusions

Overall sleep quality decreased significantly between 2005-2006 and 2017-2018 among US adults. The estimated prevalence of diabetes and related measures only increased in participants with low or medium overall sleep quality but remained stable in participants with high sleep quality.
Adipose and Skeletal Muscle Expression of Adiponectin and Liver Receptor Homolog-1 With Weight Loss and Aerobic Exercise
Authors: Ryan Alice S , Li Guoyan
Published: July 2022

Context

Adiponectin is an adipokine mainly secreted by adipocytes that regulates the metabolism of lipids and glucose. Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), also named NR5A2, is a nuclear receptor that regulates lipid metabolism and homeostasis.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare adiponectin and LRH-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in adipose tissue and LRH-1 expression in skeletal muscle between men and women at baseline and to study the effects of aerobic exercise (AEX) training or weight loss (WL) on their expression.

Methods

This hospital and university setting study included 62 overweight and obese men (n = 23) and women (n = 39) older than 45 years, of whom 41 completed 6 months of WL (n = 21) or AEX (n = 20). Outcomes included abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle gene expression.

Results

Adiponectin and LRH-1 mRNA expression in adipose tissue and LRH-1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle is higher in women than in men (P < .05). Adiponectin mRNA expression in gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue did not change significantly after AEX or WL. LRH-1 mRNA expression increased both in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle after AEX (P < .05) and the change in muscle LRH-1 was different between the groups (P < .05). Adiponectin was positively correlated to LRH-1 in adipose tissue (P < .001). The change in maximal oxygen consumption related to the change in LRH-1 mRNA (r = 0.43; P = .01).

Conclusion

LRH-1, as a nuclear reporter, may activate adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissue and increases after AEX.
Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells
Authors: Zhang Xu , Englund Davis A. , Aversa Zaira , Jachim Sarah K. , White Thomas A. , LeBrasseur Nathan K.
Published: July 2022

We propose the beneficial effects of exercise are in part mediated through the prevention and elimination of senescent cells. Exercise counters multiple forms of age-related molecular damage that initiate the senescence program and activates immune cells responsible for senescent cell clearance. Preclinical and clinical evidence for exercise as a senescence-targeting therapy and areas needing further investigation are discussed.
Towards enhancing indoor environmental quality: a case of smart adaptive building envelopes in a coastal city
Authors: Abouebeid Sara , Hany Nermine , Mosaad Gihan
Published: July 2022

Background: Earth's temperature has been rising since 1900, and the annual temperature has increased from 20°C to 24°C on the Mediterranean coastline. The external climate directly relates to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and building performance, particularly in educational buildings. This paper proposes smart adaptive building envelopes (SABEs) as a potential solution for resilient architecture which is prone to unexpected weather patterns posed by climate change.

Methods: A multi-dimensional criterion methodology is employed based on Egypt’s local climate, using SABEs to provide thermal comfort and natural daylight using minimum energy. The paper's novelty is in using a comparative methodology that is complemented with a software simulation (OpenStudio 3.0.1) to address the existing educational building design challenges in providing IEQ, and to assess the proposed SABE design’s performance, whilst providing better indoor thermal comfort and daylight.

Results: The results show that the application of SABEs has led to significant reduction of the energy consumed, by 7.62% in summer and 5.42% in winter

Conclusions: The implications of SABEs on IEQ in terms of thermal comfort and daylight are significant. SABEs also reduce energy consumption.
The legal implications of prenatal diagnosis in Malaysia
Authors: Kuek Chee Ying
Published: July 2022

Background: Prenatal diagnosis enables detection of any disease or disability of the fetus during the pregnancy of a woman. Parents whose fetus is found to have a serious disorder from antenatal testing may terminate the pregnancy if it is permitted by the law or continue with the pregnancy to term. However, the chance of terminating a pregnancy may be denied if there is prenatal negligence by the medical practitioner in terms of diagnosis or failure to advise on the test results correctly. The purpose of this research is to examine the possible legal implications of prenatal diagnosis in Malaysia.

Methods: This study adopts doctrinal legal research in which the researcher examines statutes and decided cases in Malaysia, the United Kingdom (UK) and Singapore relating to abortion, wrongful birth and wrongful life claims, in order to determine the legal implications of prenatal diagnosis in Malaysia.

Results: In Malaysia, abortion following a prenatal diagnosis is only legally possible if the statutory criteria in the Penal Code are met. Abortion is illegal if it is not done for therapeutic purposes. A wrongful birth action brought by a woman who claims to be deprived of the opportunity to terminate her pregnancy may be successful in Malaysia, if it can be proven that a legal abortion could have been performed if not because of the prenatal negligence of the medical practitioner. However, a wrongful life action brought in the child’s name for being allowed to be born with a disability may not be viable since the claim could hardly be established and it is against the public policy.

Conclusions: Theoretically, it is possible to bring a wrongful birth action resulted from negligence in prenatal diagnosis successfully in Malaysia, but the chance is relatively slim for wrongful life action.
METHODS OF NITROPYRIDINE SYNTHESIS
Authors: Ivanova Evgeniya V. , Nikishina Maria B. , Mukhtorov Loik G. , Shahkeldyan Irina V. , Atroshchenko Yuri M.
Published: July 2022

Background. Pyridine derivatives are widely used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemistry, as well as in the production of new materials. The pyridine and piperidine rings are the main structural fragments of numerous natural alkaloids with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Many of these alkaloids have anticancer and anti-neurological and other medical activities and continue to be valuable research subjects to stimulate drug discovery. Highly efficient methods for the synthesis of various pyridine derivatives and piperidine enantiomers will continue to be in high demand. In this regard, the analysis and systematization of the main results of studies on the synthesis of nitropyridines is an urgent task.

Purpose. To summarize and systematize the main methods for the synthesis of pyridine nitro derivatives from the beginning of the last century to the present.

Materials and methods. To achieve this goal of the study, a review of the scientific literature on the main methods of obtaining nitropyridines was carried out.

Results. This literature review presents the results of experimental studies on the synthesis of pyridine nitro derivatives starting from the first half of the 20th century and up to the present time.

Conclusion. Thus, it was possible to summarize the scattered but rather extensive factual material accumulated to date on the preparation of pyridine nitro derivatives. Several main approaches to the synthesis are considered, starting from aliphatic compounds, by nitration of pyridine and its derivatives, as well as by oxidation of aminopyridines.
A Classical Search Game in Discrete Locations
Authors: Clarkson Jake , Lin Kyle Y. , Glazebrook Kevin D.
Published: July 2022

Consider a two-person zero-sum search game between a hider and a searcher. The hider hides among n discrete locations, and the searcher successively visits individual locations until finding the hider. Known to both players, a search at location i takes ti time units and detects the hider—if hidden there—independently with probability [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. The hider aims to maximize the expected time until detection, whereas the searcher aims to minimize it. We prove the existence of an optimal strategy for each player. In particular, any optimal mixed hiding strategy hides in each location with a nonzero probability, and there exists an optimal mixed search strategy that can be constructed with up to n simple search sequences.

Funding: This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [Grant EP/L015692/1] STOR-i Centre for Doctoral Training.
Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana para Adolescentes e Jovens: Adaptação e Evidências Psicométricas
Authors: Abreu Márcia Kelma de Alencar , Leme Vanessa Barbosa Romera , Fernandes Luana De Mendonça , Rocha Carolina Seixas da , Ximenes Verônica Morais , Freitas Daniela Fonseca de , Coimbra Susana
Published: July 2022

A discriminação tem um impacto negativo na saúde mental e nos desfechos acadêmicos e socioemocionais das pessoas. Um dos instrumentos mais usados para medir a frequência de experiências de discriminação é a Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana. Contudo, esta escala não foi ainda adaptada ao contexto brasileiro. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar e validar a Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana em uma amostra de adolescentes e jovens brasileiros de nível socioeconômico baixo e  descrever os motivos de discriminação mais prevalentes. Analisou-se as equivalências linguísticas e a estrutura factorial da escala. A amostra foi composta de 995 estudantes pobres, advindos do Ensino Fundamental de cinco escolas públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e de duas universidades públicas do Estado do Ceará, com idade entre 11 e 29 anos (M = 15,81, DP = 3,55), 54,8% constituída por mulheres (n = 522). A Análise Fatorial Exploratória realizada revelou uma estrutura unifatorial, com boa confiabilidade e validade. Os motivos de discriminação mais frequentes foram a aparência física e o nível socioeconômico. Os achados sugerem que a versão adaptada da escala apresenta qualidades psicométricas que permitem a sua utilização junto a adolescentes e jovens brasileiros.
Bem-Estar Subjetivo de Estudantes: Variáveis Escolares Associadas e Medidas de Avaliação
Authors: Dias-Viana João Lucas , Noronha Ana Paula Porto
Published: July 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar quais as variáveis escolares associadas ao bem-estar subjetivo de estudantes, bem como identificar as medidas de avaliação utilizadas, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: "bem-estar subjetivo", "escola" e "estudante", e os termos correspondentes nos idiomas inglês e espanhol. As bases de dados consultadas foram: ERIC, IndexPsi, Lilacs, PePsic, PsycInfo, PubMed e SciELO. Após a leitura completa, o conjunto final de publicações com base nos critérios de elegibilidade foi composto por 26 artigos, publicados entre os anos de 1998 e 2019. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada nos Estados Unidos e na China. Os instrumentos mais utilizados foram Student's Life Satisfaction Scale e Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children. Evidenciou-se a escassez de medidas contextualizadas para o contexto escolar. As variáveis mais associadas ao bem-estar subjetivo de alunos relacionam-se à socialização, à adaptabilidade de comportamento e à competência acadêmica. Os resultados fornecem subsídios para a formulação de intervenções com foco na promoção do bem-estar de estudantes e destacam a importância de medidas contextualizadas na escola.
"Quem Dança Seus Males Espanta": Processos Terapêuticos em Práticas Grupais de Dança e Movimento
Authors: Brito Rafaella Medeiros de Mattos , Germano Idilva Maria Pires , Bomfim Zulmira Aurea Cruz
Published: July 2022

O artigo identifica e discute os processos terapêuticos vivenciados por participantes de práticas grupais com foco na dança e no movimento, com o objetivo de compreender de que forma essas terapias corporais proporcionam benefícios e transformação pessoal. Foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais e clientes de diferentes práticas terapêuticas no Brasil e no Reino Unido, adotando-se o método do círculo hermenêutico-dialético. Também foi utilizada a observação participante com registro em diário de campo. As entrevistas foram analisadas mediante Análise Hermenêutica Dialética e os dados discutidos à luz das teorizações da Educação Somática; da Dança Movimento Terapia; da Dança Circular Sagrada e da Biodança, além da Teoria Experiencial, de Eugene Gendlin, e da filosofia do corpo de Merleau-Ponty. Os resultados apontam sete principais processos terapêuticos envolvidos nas práticas com dança e movimento: percepção; simbolização; encontro e comunicação; processamento e integração; associação e metáforas; evocação de memórias; totalidade e conexão. Conclui-se que são diferentes os processos de transformação ocorridos a partir de uma terapia baseada na dança e de uma terapia eminentemente focada na fala, cabendo ao cliente escolher a prática terapêutica que melhor se encaixe ao seu estilo e à sua necessidade.
Dietitians: roles in the community and contribution to patient care
Authors: Gasche Rebecca
Published: July 2022

This article focuses on the main areas in which dietitians can impact patient care, particularly within a community setting, as well as discussing the contribution from dietitians in extended roles and working at advanced practice. A range of research papers and national guidance on dietetic practice are discussed to develop a summative article on the scope of their practice. This article aims to provide insight into the work of dietitians in the community – strengthening the understanding of the roles and to demonstrate how dietetic practice can influence patient care as part of a community multidisciplinary team.
Assessing pain in a person living with dementia
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: July 2022

Pain can often go unnoticed owing to a person with dementia having difficulty communicating it. At times, pain is treated with unnecessarily strong medication that cause harmful side effects, impacting the patient's wellbeing. This article provides information on how to effectively assess pain in someone with dementia.
When Doing Nothing is an Option: Self-correction of an Impacted Mandibular Second Premolar
Authors: Aruede Glenda , Yaqoob Nasreen , Smart Keith
Published: July 2022

This case presents a rare example of self-correction of a deeply impacted mandibular second premolar (LR5) in a medically fit 14-year-old male patient, referred in 2017 regarding a retained deciduous lower right second molar (LRe). CBCT imaging highlighted that the origin of the ID canal was in direct contact with the inferior buccal aspect of the LR5 root apex. The decision was made to monitor the patient in 2 years. In the meantime, the dentist extracted the retained LRe as it was seen to be erupting on routine bitewing imaging. At his review appointment, the LR5 had spontaneously erupted.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To highlight the potential benefit of monitoring eruption in the event that high-risk surgery is the alternative option and involving the patient in the decision making.
Unpacking the Contributing Factors of Inadequate Sex Education at Schools in Bangladesh: Policy Recommendations
Authors:   School of Public Policy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Roy Utpol , Hossain Muhammad Anwar ,   Department of Sociology, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh, Ghosh Moni ,   Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College & Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT Teenagers face challenges due to the lack of information about sex, sexuality, body changes, puberty, teenage pregnancy, early childbearing, HIV/AIDS in most developing countries, and Bangladesh is no exception. However, the study aims to explore the contributing factors of inadequate sex education at schools in Bangladesh. The study reviewed a variety of secondary sources and literatures to understand the contributing factors of inadequate sex education and analyzes those data and literatures. Therefore, the study found that there is a lack of a comprehensive sex education policy and formal sex education is very limited in Bangladesh. Moreover, it also found that there are very few chapters about sex education in the biological book, but teachers feel uncomfortable teaching about these topics. Furthermore, the parents are not confident to talk with their children as they have insufficient knowledge about sex education topics. In addition, the cultural and religious barriers are also responsible for inadequate sex education due to the orthodox thoughts of the family and society. The paper recommends that there should have a comprehensive sex education policy, and curriculum. Moreover, the focus should be on the implementation of interventions for the teachers' training, parent’s session, & community engagement programs. Keywords: Adolescent, Sex education, Parent’s attitude, Teachers’ perception, Bangladesh
The association of surgical approach and bearing size and type with dislocation in total hip arthroplasty for acute hip fracture
Authors: Rogmark Cecilia , Nåtman Jonatan , Jobory Ammar , Hailer Nils P. , Cnudde Peter
Published: July 2022

Aims

Patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs) treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) have an almost ten-fold increased risk of dislocation compared to patients undergoing elective THA. The surgical approach influences the risk of dislocation. To date, the influence of differing head sizes and dual-mobility components (DMCs) on the risk of dislocation has not been well studied.

Methods

In an observational cohort study on 8,031 FNF patients with THA between January 2005 and December 2014, Swedish Arthroplasty Register data were linked with the National Patient Register, recording the total dislocation rates at one year and revision rates at three years after surgery. The cumulative incidence of events was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox multivariable regression models were fitted to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of dislocation, revision, or mortality, stratified by surgical approach.

Results

The cumulative dislocation rate at one year was 8.3% (95% CI 7.3 to 9.3) for patients operated on using the posterior approach and 2.7% (95% CI 2.2 to 3.2) when using the direct lateral approach. In the posterior approach group, use of DMC was associated with reduced adjusted risk of dislocation compared to 32 mm heads (HR 0.21 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.68); p = 0.009). This risk was increased with head sizes < 32 mm (HR 1.47 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.98); p = 0.010). Neither DMC nor different head sizes influenced the risk of revision following the posterior approach. Neither articulation was associated with a statistically significantly reduced adjusted risk of dislocation in patients where the direct lateral approach was performed, although this risk was estimated to be HR 0.14 (95% CI 0.02 to 1.02; p = 0.053) after the use of DMC. DMC inserted through a direct lateral approach was associated with a reduced risk of revision for any reason versus THA with 32 mm heads (HR 0.36 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.99); p = 0.047).

Conclusion

When using a posterior approach for THA in FNF patients, DMC reduces the risk of dislocation, while a non-significant risk reduction is seen for DMC after use of the direct lateral approach. The direct lateral approach is protective against dislocation and is also associated with a lower rate of revision at three years, compared to the posterior approach. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):844–851.
Peripheral nerves in the tibial subchondral bone
Authors: Sun Qi , Li Gen , Liu Di , Xie Wenqing , Xiao Wenfeng , Li Yusheng , Cai Ming
Published: July 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent degenerative joint disorder characterized by joint pain and physical disability. Aberrant subchondral bone induces pathological changes and is a major source of pain in OA. In the subchondral bone, which is highly innervated, nerves have dual roles in pain sensation and bone homeostasis regulation. The interaction between peripheral nerves and target cells in the subchondral bone, and the interplay between the sensory and sympathetic nervous systems, allow peripheral nerves to regulate subchondral bone homeostasis. Alterations in peripheral innervation and local transmitters are closely related to changes in nociception and subchondral bone homeostasis, and affect the progression of OA. Recent literature has substantially expanded our understanding of the physiological and pathological distribution and function of specific subtypes of neurones in bone. This review summarizes the types and distribution of nerves detected in the tibial subchondral bone, their cellular and molecular interactions with bone cells that regulate subchondral bone homeostasis, and their role in OA pain. A comprehensive understanding and further investigation of the functions of peripheral innervation in the subchondral bone will help to develop novel therapeutic approaches to effectively prevent OA, and alleviate OA pain.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):439–452.
Hand and Wrist Trauma: Antimicrobials and Infection (HAWAII)
Authors: Wormald Justin C. R. , Rodrigues Jeremy N. , Cook Jonathan A. , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Costa Matthew L. ,   On behalf of the HAWAII Collaborative
Published: July 2022

Aims

Hand trauma accounts for one in five of emergency department attendances, with a UK incidence of over five million injuries/year and 250,000 operations/year. Surgical site infection (SSI) in hand trauma surgery leads to further interventions, poor outcomes, and prolonged recovery, but has been poorly researched. Antimicrobial sutures have been recognized by both the World Health Organization and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence as potentially effective for reducing SSI. They have never been studied in hand trauma surgery: a completely different patient group and clinical pathway to previous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of these sutures. Antimicrobial sutures are expensive, and further research in hand trauma is warranted before they become standard of care. The aim of this protocol is to conduct a feasibility study of antimicrobial sutures in patients undergoing hand trauma surgery to establish acceptability, compliance, and retention for a definitive trial.

Methods

A two-arm, multicentre feasibility RCT of 116 adult participants with hand and wrist injuries, randomized to either antimicrobial sutures or standard sutures. Study participants and outcome assessors will be blinded to treatment allocation. Outcome measures will be recorded at baseline (preoperatively), 30 days, 90 days, and six months, and will include SSI, patient-reported outcome measures, and return to work.

Conclusion

This will inform a definitive trial of antimicrobial sutures in the hand and wrist, and will help to inform future upper limb trauma trials. The results of this research will be shared with the medical community through high impact publication and presentation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):529–535.
Distal Tibial Epiphyseal Separation during Ponseti Casting in a Non-idiopathic Clubfoot- ACase Report
Authors: Runu Ritesh , Kashyap Nishant , Subhash Abhijeet , Lall Shweta
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Non-idiopathic clubfeet are more rigid compared to idiopathic clubfeet and usually require operative correction. Recent reports favor Ponseti casting in these feet. Iatrogenic fractures during and after casting have been reported in the literature but epiphyseal separation and subperiosteal ossification have not been reported earlier. Case Report:A3-year-old female child presented with untreated bilateral clubfeet and lumbosacral myelomeningocele. She was treated by Ponseti casting. During the casting session, we noticed swelling and deformity in the left leg and feet. After X-ray, distal tibial, fibular epiphyseal separation, and displacement were noticed. She was treated by manipulation and casting and final correction achieved by bilateral tendoachilles tenotomy. Conclusion: Ponseti casting for non-idiopathic clubfeet may develop epiphyseal displacement of distal tibia and fibula; hence, any abnormal swelling and deformity need to be evaluated by radiograph. Keywords: Non idiopathic clubfeet, Ponseti casting, distal tibia, epiphyseal separation, iatrogenic
Functional Outcomes of Distal Humerus Fractures Fixed by Orthogonal Double Plating
Authors: Kumar P. Manoj Sai , Babu CR Suresh , Anne Sai Laxman
Published: July 2022

Background: Distal humerus fractures constitute 2% of all fractures in the adult population. Surgical intervention is indicated in most cases, and these fractures are often complicated by difficulty in fracture-site exposure, comminution in the metaphyseal or articular region, and the presence of osteoporotic bone. The objective of the study was to assess functional outcome of operative fixation of distal humerus with locking plate and screws Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of 30 patients with distal humerus fractures fixed with orthogonal plating from 2018-2019 in KIMS Hospitals, Kondapur, Hyderabad. Functional outcome was assessed using Mayo Elbow Performance score along with other major and minor complications were noted. Results: There were 18 male patients and 12 female patients. Average age of the patients was 39.68 years with age ranging from 18 years to 80 years.16 cases were right humerus and 14 were left humerus involved. All cases we operated through trans olecrenon approach and chevron osteotomy technique, fracture stabilised by orthogonal locking compression plate. 6 fractures were C1, 15 were C2 and 9 were C3 types according to AO classification. Complications were noted in 5 patients. 13.3% patients were rated as excellent, 63.3% were rated good, 16.6% were rated as fair, 6.8% were rated as poor according to Mayo Elbow Performance Scoring. Conclusion: Orthogonal dual plate configurations can provide anatomical reconstruction and stable fixation of Type C intra articular distal humeral fractures and allow early mobilization of the elbow after surgery which result in good functional outcome Keywords: Distal humerus fractures, Trans Olecrenon, Chevron Osteotomy, MEP score.
‘Love is tricky to capture at this level’: social care values, performance measurement, and the emergence of ‘ethical capital’
Authors: Grohmann Steph
Published: July 2022

Professional ethics and values in social care have frequently been described as a site of active resistance against the incursion of neoliberal managerialism in social services. More recently, however, this view has been challenged by an emerging discourse that explicitly treats organisational values as measurable capital assets, exemplified in a growing literature around the concept of ‘ethical capital’. Drawing on data from an ethnographic study on ethics and values within the social care sector in the UK, this article argues that, in practice, the notion of treating values as quantifiable and measurable capital is a consequence of the necessity for organisations to capitalise every part of themselves in order to survive in an increasingly competitive funding market. However, instrumentalising professional ethics in the interest of market competition threatens to undermine its critical potential and to make any part of it that resists subsumption under market logic unintelligible within bureaucratic regimes of performance management.
The significance of love in relation to looked-after children and child sexual exploitation
Authors: Plowright Rose Celia
Published: July 2022

Drawing on the knowledge that looked-after children are disproportionately involved in child sexual exploitation, this critical systematic literature review considers the significance of ‘love’, using bell hooks’ ‘love ethic’. This literature review applies a systematic approach to retrieving literature and includes ten peer-reviewed journal articles containing primary research from individuals with lived experience of being a looked-after child and child sexual exploitation, or professionals within the field. Thematic analysis is used to identify the themes of risk, agency and relational practice. Together, these explore how dominant discourses of neoliberalism, patriarchy and capitalism shape modern social work, increase the risk of child sexual exploitation for looked-after children and maintain conditions needed for child sexual exploitation to function. bell hooks’ conceptualisation of the ‘love ethic’ is discussed as a possible framework in meeting the unmet emotional and economic needs of looked-after children through using ‘love as action’. ‘Love’, critical thinking and critical reflection are then recommended for social work.
Sitting with discomfort: experiencing the power of racism and working to imagine ways forward?
Authors: Harrison Philomena
Published: July 2022

This article is a reflective account of my involvement in a series of talks entitled ‘Sitting with discomfort’. The series was created by Moriam Grillo, an art psychotherapist and lecturer, in response to the death of George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter movement. The audience were largely ‘Black’ therapists. In my contributions, I explored the title of the series (Sitting with discomfort) followed by two sessions on ‘Being and becoming a witness’ and ‘Resistance and healing’. All the sessions were interactive and gave the audience opportunities to reflect on and respond to the focus of each talk. This article attempts to draw out the impact of racist experiences and discuses some ways forward for individuals, communities and professionals.
Monoliths of authoritarianism, cartographies of popular disenfranchisement and the ascendance of the far-right in Estonia
Authors: Salyga Jokubas
Published: July 2022

This article approaches the electoral success of Estonia’s Conservative People’s Party (EKRE) from a Critical Political Economy perspective. It explores immediate and longer-term factors conducive to the surge in the support of this far-right party. After situating the radical rightist reaction in Estonia within the wider continuum of far-right morphologies across Europe, the article attributes the immediate factors explaining EKRE’s ascendence to the conjuncture of the 2008 economic crisis and its resolution. It is contended that the authoritarian neoliberal (post-)crisis environments engendered a surveillance-based imposition of fiscal restraint at the European level and recalibrated the repertories of state interventionism at the national spatial scale. In Estonia, this served to (re-)produce the vocabularies of crisis in line with the far-right’s sensibilities and eroded the public’s trust in the parties of the political mainstream. The analysis of immediate factors behind the rise of the far-right is then supplemented with a forensic examination of popular disenfranchisement with the outcomes of post-communist transformation, the party’s ambiguous relationship with neoliberalism and EKRE’s class-constituted support base. As will be demonstrated, the far-right has attracted the votes of working-class segments residing in the peripheries of the country as well as poverty-stricken pensioners, youths and the disenchanted sections of the middle class. The article concludes by evaluating the claim that EKRE’s inclusion in the coalition government from April 2020 to January 2021 amounted to a break from neoliberalism.
Dissent within the global political economy: four frustrations, and some alternatives
Authors: Bonfert Bernd , Bailey David J. , Clua-Losada Mònica
Published: July 2022

While there has been a turn towards incorporating examples of dissent, resistance and alternatives in the Global Political Economy literature, this article claims that there is still a considerable absence of analysis of dissent in and against the global political economy. The authors identify four frustrations (which can be easily turned into suggestions). First, that resistance, dissent and alternatives, continue to be marginal to most attempts at understanding the global political economy. Second, when resistance and dissent are considered, often they are presented as discrete episodes of ‘protest’. The third ‘frustration’ points towards the types of questions the literature tends to ask of instances of resistance: why resist, and with what effect? This directly connects with the fourth frustration: effect is often seen narrowly, simply as ‘impact’. The discussion of these frustrations concludes that dissent and resistance are ultimately central to the configurations of actors, institutions, ideas and their power relations that constitute the global political economy, and our understandings of it.
Single-shot coherent control of molecular rotation by fs/ns rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Hosseinnia Ali , Raveesh Meena , Dominguez Armand , Ruchkina Maria , Linne Mark , Bood Joakim
Published: July 2022

We present a novel method, to our knowledge, to control the shape of the spectra using 2-beam hybrid femtosecond (fs)/nanosecond (ns) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (RCARS). The method is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically by utilizing a species-selective excitation approach via a field-free molecular alignment as an illustrative example. Two non-resonant fs laser pulses with proper delay selectively create and then annihilate N2 resonances in a binary mixture with O2 molecules. The RCARS signal is simultaneously resolved in spectral and temporal domains within a single-shot acquisition. The method requires very low pulse energies for excitation, hence minimizing multiphoton ionization probability, allowing for coherent control at various temperatures and pressures, with spectroscopic applications in non-stationary and unpredictable reacting flows.
Lock-in Raman difference spectroscopy
Authors: Bonati Chiara , Fay Victoria , Dornier Rémy , Loterie Damien , Moser Christophe
Published: July 2022

Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy (SERDS) is a non-destructive chemical analysis method capable of removing the fluorescence background and other disturbances from the Raman spectrum, thanks to the independence of the fluorescence with respect to the small difference in excitation wavelength. The spectrum difference is computed in a post-processing step. Here, we demonstrate the use of a lock-in camera to obtain an on-line analog SERDS spectra allowing longer exposure times and no saturation, leading to an improved Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and reduced data storage. Two configurations are presented: the first one uses a single laser and can remove excitation-independent disturbances, such as ambient light; the second employs two-wavelength shifted sources and removes fluorescence background similarly to SERDS. In both cases, we experimentally extrapolate the expected SNR improvement.