bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“GREEN” AND “CIRCULAR” ECONOMY: ESSENCE AND MODERN CHALLENGES
Authors: Abesadze Ramaz
Published: February 2020

This work presents a study of the essence of the “green” economy and its importance for improving the well-being of people, its features in contrast to the traditional or “yellow” economy, investigated its relevance to the innovation economy, to the sustainable economic development, to the economic development, and to the economic growth. It’s investigated the current level of development of the green economy in Georgia and its prospects.
The vast majority of modern economies are characterized by the waste of natural resources, the economic value of resources is not maximally used. Such an economy, that is based on the growth of profit, on the maximum satisfaction of today's demands is called a straightforward economy. The linear (straightforward) economies have limited resources that are not effectively used and a large number of waste has a negative impact on the environment. The “circular” economy is the opposite of the linear economy, which is focused on the maximum utilization of the economic value of the natural resources and minimizes pollution of the environment
Spirituelle Kompetenz in digitalen Lern- und Arbeitswelten
Authors: Hanstein Thomas , Lanig Andreas Ken
Published: February 2020

Dass die Digitalisierung in alle Lebensbereiche eingreift, steht heute außer Frage. Aber erkannt ist bislang zu wenig, dass die Digitalität alte philosophische Fragen nach sinnhaftem und glückendem Leben neu aufwirft. Insofern benötigt – so die Autoren – die Digitalisierung 4.0 auch ein „Spirituelles Selbstmanagement 4.0“, das die innere Stabilität des eigenen Selbst nachhaltig garantiert. Dieser Herausforderung nimmt sich dieses Werk durch interdisziplinäre Sicht an. Es versteht sich nicht als philosophisches Werk, sondern als praktischer Ratgeber.
Aus der Perspektive von Hochschullehrern und Coaches arbeitet Spirituelle Kompetenz die Grundlagen des mentalen Selbstmanagements auf und stellt sie in den Kontext spiritueller Alltagsfragen. Damit verfolgt dieses Buch das Ziel, eine tragfähige Resilienz in der Zusammenarbeit und im Zusammenleben fortschreitender Digitalisierung zu leisten. Diese liegt in einer humanistisch verstandenen Selbstschulung des – in virtualisierten Lern- und Lebenswelten lernenden und tätigen – Subjekts.
Exploring Age Differences in the Experiences of Academic Supports Among College Students with Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Sabella Kathryn , Costa Amanda , Salzer Mark
Published: February 2020

College students with mental health conditions struggle to succeed academically potentially limiting their future. Previous research has shown that college students of all ages with mental health conditions under-utilize academic supports. However traditional (i.e. young adult) and non-traditional (i.e. older adult) students have different academic learning experiences and may also have different academic support experiences. This research explored the academic support experiences of young adult college students with mental health conditions and compared them to those of older adult college students with mental health conditions. A secondary analysis of a previously collected dataset on the academic experiences of college students with mental health conditions was conducted. The sample was limited to only current students at time of survey and respondents were categorized as either young adult (ages 18-24) or older adult (age 25 and over). Descriptive and exploratory quantitative analysis compared their mental health experiences, utilization of academic supports, and engagement on campus. Young adults were less likely to access formal disability services, less satisfied in their college experience and reported lower quality relationships with staff and faculty as compared to their older peers. Further investigation of the many potential reasons for these differences is warranted. As college student bodies become more diversified, staff and faculty need to recognize that student capacities and experience vary not just due to the potential impact of gender, race, or class, but also due to age and life experiences.
Port of Rijeka as Cruise Destination
Authors: Jugović Alen , Mudronja Gorana , Putnina Krista Elza
Published: February 2020

Cruise industry in Europe significantly contributes to the European tourism since many cruise ships visit various European destinations. Europe is the second most visited cruise destination, and the most significant part is the Mediterranean with its most popular ports – Dubrovnik and Venice. Even though the numbers of passengers in Dubrovnik and Venice decreased last year, they are still very attractive destinations for cruise tourists and have some advantages to which the port of Rijeka can look up. The aim of this paper is to analyse the importance of the port of Rijeka as cruise destination as well as to determine its condition and the necessary improvements. The results of the research show that the number of passengers in the port of Rijeka has been increasing over the past few years, which indicates that Rijeka is developing as a cruising destination. To determine the cruise passengers’ satisfaction with Rijeka as cruise destination, a survey was conducted among the passengers on cruise ships that visited Rijeka in 2018. The results of the survey show that the passengers were mostly satisfied with Rijeka as cruise destination although there are some aspects that need to be improved such as the offer of souvenirs and shopping in general. Cruise tourists in Rijeka mostly spent money on clothes and accessories, food and beverages, and organised sightseeing. The port of Rijeka has the potential of becoming an attractive cruise destination, but in order to improve, it constantly has to try to satisfy the cruise tourists’ demands.
Cinefilia, nostalgia y ejercicios de estilo en el póster cinematográfico
Authors: San Cornelio Gemma
Published: February 2020

Recientemente he tenido la ocasión de ver una cierta cantidad de pósteres alternativos de películas de cine y también de series de televisión. La verdad es que, a pesar de conocer el fenómeno, no tenía conciencia del alcance del mercado paralelo que constituyen este tipo de productos, distribuidos en lugares, como por ejemplo, Mondo posters. En este artículo comentaré brevemente cuáles son las principales características de estos tipos de productos que están a medio camino entre el diseño y el fan art.
Evaluating the Market Share of China Railway Express Lines – A Data-driven Approach
Authors: Wang Yadi , Lu Xiaochun , Wang Yang
Published: February 2020

Fuelled by the Belt and Road Initiative, Eurasia railway transport has gained rapid traction. However, China Railway Express is in the development period, information about China Railway Express lines is in chaos, and it is difficult to appraise the market situation. This paper focuses on providing an approach to estimate the market share of every China Railway Express line. In this paper, the crawled data from the website are applied to estimate the customer demands for China Railway Express services in different areas of China. The government subsidy is a factor that cannot be ignored, but its level is unclear. Thus, a dummy regression model was established to estimate the subsidy. The regression result is in line with the data released by the Guangdong Provincial Government in 2017. To identify customers’ preferred choices for particular lines, a multi-objective optimization model has been built. With the crawled demands data and this optimization model, the current and future market share of China Railway Express can be assessed. If the subsidy is cancelled, some China Railway Express lines will lose their market, and only three lines have a bright future.
The Use of Various Proportions of Rough Fish on Giant Trevally (Caranx sp.) Culture in the Floating Net Cages, Pangandaran, West Java
Authors: Rostika Rita , Fauzan Muhamad Ihsan , Lili Walim , . Iskandar
Published: February 2020

This research aims to determine the effect of providing rough fish and pellets with optimal dosages on the Giant Trevally culture to produce the highest growth in Pangandaran floating net cages. This research was conducted in August 2019 to September 2019 with 60 days fish rearing. The method used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were A (0% rough fish and 100% pellets), B (25% rough fish and 75% pellets), C (50% rough fish and 50% pellets), D (75% rough fish and 25% pellets) and E (100% rough fish and 0% pellets). The effect of each treatment was tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) F test at an interval of 5%; if there were significant differences then followed by Duncan's multiple range test. The parameters observed in this study included fish survival (SR), Daily Growth Rate (LPH), Feed Efficiency (EPP) and water quality at the study site. The results obtained from this study were the provision of rough fish in Giant Trevally was able to increase the Daily Growth Rate (LPH) and the Efficiency of Feeding (EPP) for Giant Trevally. The highest growth value in this study was in treatment E (with 100% rough fish and 0% pellets) with LPH of 3.01%, total weight of 109.47gr and EPP of 30.60%.
Modeling Tomato Water Productivity Using Aquacrop Model in Njoro Sub County, Nakuru, Kenya
Authors: Sang Hellen J. , Wambua Raphael M. , Raude James M.
Published: February 2020

Aims: To model tomato water productivity under deficit sub – surface drip irrigation and grass mulch densities using Aquacrop model.

Study Design: The study was factorial experimental with twelve treatments.

Place and Duration of Study: Tatton Agriculture Park, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya between January to May 2019.

Methodology: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) crop (Tylka F1) was used to determine the effect of deficit irrigation and mulching on its productivity. Aquacrop model was calibrated to simulate the tomato yield, biomass and water productivity. Aquacrop model was used to estimate the tomato water requirements, water productivity, yield and biomass under deficit irrigation and mulching. The study was carried out on 36 experimental plots measuring 2 by 2 m with the total area under study being 144 m2.

Results: The results showed a good correlation between the actual and simulated water productivity as determined by the Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.00, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (%) of 0.04 and Coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.72.

Conclusion: The study calibrated Aquacrop model for simulating tomato crop water productivity in Njoro Sub County and showed that the model is a good estimator of tomato water productivity.
Enhanced Oxidation Resistance of Pt‐Containing Inconel 718 Alloy through Facilitated Formation of Protective Chromia
Authors: Zheng Jianshu , Zhang Boning , Wang Guowei , Liu Lan , Shen Chao , Song Zhuorui , Zheng Lei
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the influence of Pt addition on the oxidation behavior of a Cr2O3‐forming superalloy. Inconel 718 (IN718) alloys with varying Pt content were prepared and subjected to isothermal oxidation tests. The results demonstrate that Pt significantly enhances the oxidation resistance of IN718, as evidenced by reduced weight gain, thinner oxide layers, and smaller oxide particles. Pt addition also increases the activation energy for both initial interface oxidation and ion diffusion during long‐term oxidation. Furthermore, Pt promotes the formation of a Cr2O3 layer while suppressing the formation of other undesirable oxides, resulting in a more cohesive and stable oxide layer. The improved oxidation resistance is attributed to two key factors: during the initial oxidation stage, Pt, as a noble element, reduces the activity of the primary oxide‐forming element Cr to oxidative environments, thereby lowering its susceptibility to initial oxidation at the metal–oxidant interface. During long‐term oxidation, Pt preferentially substitutes for Ni in major phases such as γ‐Ni(Cr,Fe) and γ′‐Ni3(Al,Ti), locally increasing the Cr composition. This promotes Cr oxidation, effectively suppressing the oxidation of Ni or Fe. These findings suggest that Pt addition is a promising approach for enhancing oxidation resistance in alloy design.
Tough and Fast‐Responding Fe3+‐Coordinated Poly (Acrylic Acid ‐N‐Isopropyl Acrylamide) Shape Memory Hydrogels
Authors: Du Tao , Zhao Yujiao , Cui Tao , Qi Yunpeng , Abudu Patiman , Song Jianbing , Nasen Bate
Published: December 2024

Hydrogels with programmable shape memory hold great promise for applications in soft robots, smart medical devices, etc., but the preparation of tough and fast‐responding shape memory hydrogels remains challenging. In this work, Poly (acrylic acid ‐N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (3:1)‐Fe3+ (P(AA‐NIPAM)(3:1)‐Fe3+) hydrogels are obtained by monomer copolymerization and ionic coordination, which exhibited tough mechanical properties with a maximum tensile strength of 2.48 ± 0.08 MPa and a maximum elongation of 338.5 ± 19.6%. The hydrogel also demonstrated a good shape memory effect, with the hydrogel curled into a spiral shape recovering to 71.1% ± 5.9% in 30 s under the swelling effect of water, and the convoluted structure recovering to 95% in 4 s. The shape memory hydrogels prepared based on this method will provide an important reference value for the development of higher performance shape memory hydrogels.
Optimization of Separation Parameters for a Pneumatic Separation Device for Plastic Evidence at Explosion Sites
Authors: Yuan Yi , Wang Tiansheng , Shan Zhicheng , Yang Lixue , Xie Hanwen , Cao Bin , Gao Ao , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2024

Extracting and recovering plastic evidence at explosion sites is important for police investigations. Pneumatic separation is an efficient recovery method that is simple and environmentally friendly. To improve the accuracy of material separation, it is necessary to fully understand the influence of internal flow fields and structural design when using a material evidence classification device at explosion sites. In this study, a combination of a simulation and experiments is used. The results from the simulation are used to design a pneumatic separation device that is applied to explosive separation experiments. The grade and recovery rate of the plastic materials are excellent, which confirms the suitability of the device to classify plastic evidence at explosion sites.
3W‐MultiHier: A Three Way Multi‐Hierarchical Model Enabled Deep Learning for Brain Tumor Classification in MRI Scans
Authors: Dixit Asmita , Thakur Manish Kumar
Published: December 2024

Accurate brain tumor detection and classification are vital for effective diagnosis and treatment planning in medical imaging. Despite advancements in deep learning, challenges such as multimodal complexity, small lesion segmentation, limited training data, and variability in tumor characteristics hinder precise tumor analysis in MRI scans. To address these issues, we propose the Three Way Multi‐Hierarchical Model (3W‐MultiHier) for tumor classification in MRI. 3W‐MultiHier employs a hybrid Capsule‐Transformer UNet (Capsule‐TransUNet) architecture, integrating capsule and transformer networks within the U‐Net framework. This enables the model to capture spatial hierarchies, long‐range dependencies, and global context, ensuring accurate tumor boundary segmentation. The model also incorporates Residual Network Version 2 ‐ Squeeze‐and‐Excitation Network (ResNetV2‐SENet), which excels at extracting complex features through deep hierarchical structures and feature recalibration. Additionally, the Vision Transformer ‐ Transfer Learning (ViT‐TL) pipeline enhances classification accuracy by leveraging fine‐grained hierarchical representations. Extensive evaluations on BraTS (2019, 2020, 2021) datasets demonstrate the superior performance of 3W‐MultiHier, achieving 99.8% accuracy with rapid training and low loss. These results highlight the model's efficiency in handling diverse datasets and its potential to improve clinical diagnostics by enabling precise, reliable brain tumor classification.
Hydration Pattern of Ionic Liquids in the Stabilization of Insulin Dimer: A Computational Perspective
Authors: Hema Gopal , Giri Lakshman Nallasivam , Palanisamy Kandhan , Prakash Muthuramalingam
Published: December 2024

Choline [Cho]‐based ionic liquids (ILs) are biodegradable and soluble and have shown strong application in the protein stabilization and drug delivery. In this work, the stability of the insulin dimer is investigated in the presence of [Cho]‐based ILs containing three distinct anions (i.e., acetate [OAc], taurate [Tau], and geranate [Ger]). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations explore insulin's stability and structure in the presence of ILs. MD analyses reveal that the insulin dimer is stabilized by non‐covalent interactions, with hydrogen bonds and anions in ILs playing key roles. Among them, [Cho][OAc] ILs show significantly better stabilization than other anions.This is due to the hydration patterns of acetate anion, which can be compared to Hofmeister series and chemical agent effects (i.e., kosmotrope and chaotrope). Further, non‐covalent interactions index and electron density analyses from the atoms‐in‐molecules theory approach are carried out to quantify the strength of non‐covalent interaction in ILs with water clusters (Wn, n = 0–6). Analyses show the significance of water molecules in the stabilization of insulin dimer in the presence of [Cho]‐based ILs. The study elucidates the role of ILs formulation concerning insulin dimers to improve the transdermal and oral drug delivery systems.
Water Electrooxidation Kinetics Clarified by Time‐Resolved X‐Ray Absorption and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for a Bulk‐Active Cobalt Material
Authors: Farhoosh Shima , Liu Si , Beyer Paul , Mebs Stefan , Haumann Michael , Dau Holger
Published: December 2024

Water oxidation, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is the anodic process in electrocatalytic production of hydrogen and further green fuels. Transition‐metal oxyhydroxides with bulk‐phase OER activity of the complete material or amorphized near‐surface regions are of prime application interest, but their basic electrochemical properties are insufficiently understood. Here the timescale of functional processes is clarified by time‐resolved X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for a thickness‐series of cobalt oxyhydroxides films (about 35–550 nm). At the outer material surface, an electric double‐layer is formed in microseconds followed by clearly cobalt‐centered redox‐state changes of the bulk material in the low millisecond domain and a slow chemical step of O2‐formation, within hundreds of milliseconds. Conceptually interesting, the electrode potential likely controls the OER rate indirectly by driving the catalyst material to an increasingly oxidized state which promotes the rate‐limiting chemical step. Rate constants are derived for redox chemistry and catalysis from EIS data of low‐thickness catalyst films; at higher thicknesses, catalyst‐internal charge transport limitations become increasingly relevant. Relations between electrochemically active surface area, double‐layer capacitance, and redox (pseudo‐)capacitance are discussed. These results can increase the power of EIS analyses and support knowledge‐guided optimization of a broader class of OER catalyst materials.
Proof‐of‐Concept for Selective Magnetization Switching for Microfabricated Exchange‐Spring Magnets by Spin Wave Excitation
Authors: Kushwaha V. K. , Yamazaki T. , Seki T.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a proof‐of‐concept for selective magnetization switching in microfabricated elements with L10‐FePt/Ni81Fe19 (permalloy; Py) exchange‐coupled bilayers, known as exchange‐spring magnets, by exciting spin wave dynamics. Although the resonance frequency of the perpendicular standing spin wave mode definitely can be tuned by varying the Py layer thickness or the aspect ratio of the element, considering the requirements of selective magnetization switching, it is found that the frequency tuning by varying the aspect ratio is suitable. The spin wave‐assisted magnetization switching (SWAS) experiments for the different aspect ratios reveal the condition for the switching field reduction for each aspect ratio. Thanks to the different resonance frequencies between the different aspect ratios, the selective nature of SWAS method is experimentally demonstrated. The findings involve the contribution of higher‐order spin wave dynamics, and emphasize the significance of adjusting the aspect ratio of elements to realize selective magnetization switching, offering potential applications in multilevel recording media.
Evaluation of 1,3‐propanediol and lactic acid production via the biotechnological route: Technoeconomic and environmental analysis
Authors: Avilez Leonardo A. C. , Bresciani Antonio E. , Ferreira Newton L. , Nascimento Claudio A. O. , Alves Rita M. B.
Published: December 2024

1,3‐Propanediol (1,3‐PDO) and lactic acid (LA) are valuable chemical products that can be used as monomers for synthesizing important polymers such as polytrimethylene terephthalate and poly(lactic acid), respectively. In this study, a new integrated process for the production of 1,3‐PDO and LA from renewable feedstocks is proposed and analyzed using modeling and simulation tools. Limosilactobacillus reuteri was selected for this application due to its capability to co‐ferment both glycerol and glucose, resulting in the production of 1,3‐PDO, LA, and other byproducts. A conceptual process was developed and simulated using Aspen Plus software, focusing on the bioreactor, multistage evaporation, and vacuum distillation for separation. The bioreactor was designed using a kinetic model that had been developed previously, which was validated with experimental data. A technoeconomic and environmental analysis was conducted, along with a multi‐criteria analysis using the GREENSCOPE methodology. The proposed process was compared with a study from the literature that reproduced metrics of a commercial 1,3‐PDO production process, providing a benchmark for evaluation. The results of the economic assessment, particularly in the Brazilian market, estimate the minimal selling prices at US$6.70/kg for 1,3‐PDO and US$5.49/kg for LA. Overall, the proposed process presents a potential technical solution for integrated LA and 1,3‐PDO production; however, further studies should focus on increasing L. reuteri tolerance to higher substrate concentrations and developing low‐cost culture media to ensure process sustainability.
The Evolution of China's Domestic Climate Policy Frames (2009–2024): Problems, Solutions, and Motivations
Authors: Yang Beibei , Blondeel Mathieu , Pattberg Philipp
Published: December 2024

Over the past decade, The People's Republic of China has increased its influence in global climate governance. Despite the strong interest in policy frames related to climate change at the global level, few studies have explored policy frames within China. This paper therefore adopts a frame analysis to study the evolution in framing of domestic climate policies in China over the period 2009–24. Our research finds that diagnostic frames (the “problem”) identify development pressure, energy sector, and the impacts of natural disasters, pollution and ecosystem damage/change as key issues to be addressed. Prognostic frames (the “solutions”) encompass energy system decarbonization, industry reform, nature‐based solutions, market‐oriented solutions, and international cooperation. The motivational framings (the “ideational motivations”), include green development, ecological civilization, the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR), and multilateralism. The study reveals shifts in diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational frames of the national government across three periods.
Study on the Performance of Aqueous Aluminum‐Ion Battery with Al[TFSI]3 Electrolyte
Authors: Zhou Yajie , Li Zhaohua , Chen Xinwen , Zhang Meng , Qian Yuqi , Zhao Xiucong , Zuo Ji , Uddin Mihrab
Published: December 2024

Aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries have higher energy density and lower cost than traditional rechargeable batteries. Electrolytes play a vital role in aqueous aluminum‐ion battery and are directly related to battery performance. However, ionic liquid electrolytes suitable for aluminum are expensive and have potential environmental problems. To improve the energy density and reduce the environmental impact, this study innovatively proposes a new aqueous electrolyte. In this article, a battery preparation and performance testing bench is built to prepare a new aqueous aluminum‐ion battery. A novel aqueous aluminum‐ion battery is proposed using α‐MnO2 as the positive electrode, eutectic mixture‐coated aluminum anode (UTAl) as the negative electrode, and aluminum bistrifluoromethanesulfonate (Al[TFSI]3) aqueous solution as the electrolyte. The electrochemical performance of the prepared aqueous aluminum‐ion battery is studied under multiple working conditions. The results show that the assembled UTAl/Al[TFSI]3/α‐MnO2 battery exhibits an ultrahigh first‐cycle specific energy of up to 420 mAh g−1 at room temperature and a current density of 50 mA g−1 for 5 mol L−1 Al[TFSI]3. The newly developed battery can achieve a capacity retention rate of 63.4%, a Coulombic efficiency of over 94%, and a stable charge and discharge voltage platform of 1.65 and 1.4 V.
Edge‐Optimized Neural Networks for Real‐Time English Corpus Recommendation
Authors: Han Shuangshuang , Zhang Kai
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a lightweight framework for real‐time English corpus recommendation optimized for edge computing environments. Traditional recommendation systems, though effective in modeling complex user‐content interactions, often suffer from excessive computational demands, making them unsuitable for deployment on resource‐constrained edge devices. To tackle these limitations, we introduce a novel solution that efficiently balances advanced interaction modeling with computational cost optimization. The framework integrates a robust baseline model that captures rich user‐content interactions while employing knowledge distillation techniques to transfer critical information, ensuring that high‐quality recommendations are maintained even with reduced computational overhead. Our approach leverages real‐time adaptability to edge environments, providing both speed and accuracy. Experimental evaluations on benchmark datasets reveal significant reductions in response time, without compromising the accuracy of recommendations, thus making it ideal for real‐time applications in edge computing scenarios.
Predictors of International College Students' Formal Help‐Seeking Grounded in Andersen's Behavioral Model
Authors: Litt Sarah J. , Liu Yanhong , Yu Qingyi
Published: December 2024

Since 2022, international college student (ICS) enrollment in US higher education has increased significantly. Although literature highlights patterns and rates of ICS mental health service utilization, evidence regarding theory‐driven predictors remains limited. Grounded in Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Service Use (ABMHSU), this study investigated factors predicting formal mental health service utilization among ICSs. The sample included 1400 ICSs from a mid‐sized private university. Using ABMHSU, we tested three hierarchical logistic regression models incorporating predisposing factors (i.e., gender identity, gender and sexual minority status, academic level), enabling factors (i.e., loneliness, relationship status, resilience), and need factors (i.e., psychological distress, suicidal ideation [SI]). Results indicated that male‐identifying students had lower odds of seeking formal support, whereas students identifying as gender or sexual minorities demonstrated higher odds. Furthermore, our analysis showed positive associations between loneliness and SI and the likelihood of formal service utilization. These results underscore the need for counseling practice and system‐wide advocacy initiatives.
Monthly High‐Resolution Historical Climate Data for North America Since 1901
Authors: Wang Tongli , Hamann Andreas , Sang Zihaohan
Published: December 2024

Interpolated grids of historical climate variables are widely used in climate change impact and adaptation research. Here, we contribute monthly historical time series grids since 1901 for our data product ClimateNA, which integrates historical data and future projections to generate high‐resolution gridded data and point estimates for North America. The historical climate grids in this study are based on interpolations of monthly anomalies (change factors) with thin‐plate splines, but a novel aspect is that we rely on high‐quality 1961–1990 normal estimates from ClimateNA to serve as reference for the change factor calculations instead of the reference being derived from station data itself. This allowed us to utilise records from 66,282 climate stations for interpolations, regardless of their temporal coverage. Another aspect that deviates from standard practice is that we reduce overfitting by optimising thin‐plate splines at a 0.5° grid level instead of fitting weather station observations directly. The high‐resolution grids generated with this approach compared favourably with other time series products, such as Daymet and advanced multi‐source products, such as MSWEP, in statistical and mapped visual comparisons, and provide additional historical coverage since the beginning of the 20th century.
Photon‐Efficient, Hybrid Illumination for High‐Throughput Fourier Ptychographic Phase Microscopy Using Lenslet‐Integrated LED Illuminator
Authors: Ranathunga Malith , Kim Jongmin , Moon Taegyun , Song Seungri , Kim Jong J. , Choi Jun‐Kyu , Song Jaewoo , Joo Chulmin
Published: December 2024

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a computational microscopy platform capable of large‐area, high‐resolution imaging of thin specimens. FPM enhances the spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit of the objective by synthesizing frequency information from multiple images captured at various illumination angles. However, this enhancement comes at the cost of temporal resolution, making conventional FPMs unsuitable for imaging dynamic samples. The low temporal resolution of FPM is mainly attributed to two factors: the large number of measurements required for resolution improvement and the long exposure time, particularly in capturing dark‐field (DF) images. Here, a novel high‐throughput FPM strategy, termed PEH‐FPM, enabled by the combination of photon‐efficient, lenslet‐array‐integrated LED illuminator, and a hybrid multiplexed‐illumination scheme is introduced. The illuminator provides vignette‐free, high‐intensity illumination at the object plane, thereby dramatically reducing the DF acquisition time to a few milliseconds and eliminating vignetting‐induced artifacts present in conventional FPM approaches. The illumination‐multiplexing scheme significantly reduces the number of measurements, achieving a 0.51‐NA resolution across a field of view of 4.1 mm2 with a total acquisition time of 21–40 msec, using 4 × 0.13NA objective. The imaging platform is expected to find numerous applications that call for dynamic, high‐resolution imaging over a large spatial scale.
Bilayered Phosphorus‐Doped Polysilicon Passivating Contact Structures for TOPCon Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Chen Wenhao , Cao Jiale , Liu Weiqing , Yuan Ligang , Yu Yuanyuan , Liu Xinxin , Wan Yimao
Published: December 2024

The use of single‐layer polysilicon (poly‐Si) in tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) structures has demonstrated excellent passivation and contact performance. However, commercial TOPCon solar cell fabrication requires screen‐printing and cofiring techniques for electrode preparation. The single‐layer structure is less efficient at preventing metal atoms in the electrode paste from penetrating the silicon bulk. Furthermore, the uniformity of doping concentration and crystallinity within this structure poses challenges as it fails to optimally meet the intricate requirements for achieving superior performance in terms of passivation, contact, and mitigating parasitic absorption. In this study, the deposition process of the amorphous silicon (a‐Si) precursor layer using an in‐line magnetron sputtering system incorporated an additional plasma oxidation step, resulting in a bilayer poly‐Si structure with the newly introduced SiOx acting as a partition. Detailed investigations were conducted into the passivation quality, contact resistivity, crystallinity, and the distribution of critical atoms in the bilayer structure. Subsequently, the bilayer configuration was utilized in the manufacturing process of TOPCon solar cells. These efforts resulted in a notable enhancement in open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current (Isc), leading to a 0.06% efficiency improvement, based on the average performance of ~200 cells per group.
Overexpression and alternative splicing of the glutamate‐gated chloride channel are associated with emamectin benzoate resistance in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Wang Shuai , Qiao Song‐Tao , Guo Fang‐Rui , Xie Yuan , Liu Chong , Liu Jin‐wei , Zhao Si‐Qi , Zhou Li‐Qi , Yang Feng‐Xia , Wu Shun‐Fan , Bass Chris , Gao Cong‐Fen
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a damaging pest of rice worldwide. Following the evolution of C. suppressalis resistance to diamide and abamectin insecticides, emamectin benzoate (EB) became a key insecticide for the control of this species in China. With the widespread use of EB, resistance has developed rapidly in some field populations of C. suppressalis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance remain unresolved.

RESULT

Here we monitored the sensitivity of 87 field populations of C. suppressalis in China to EB over a 6 year period and investigated the role of target‐site modifications in resistance. Field populations of C. suppressalis from Hunan, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces exhibited a trend of expanding and increasing resistance over time, reaching resistance ratios of 50‐fold. Nine spliceosomes of the gene encoding the EB target, the glutamate‐gated chloride channel (GluCl), were identified with different combinations of exon 3 and exon 9. The frequency of exon 3A and exon 9C inclusion was negatively correlated with EB resistance, while exon 3B and exon 9A inclusion was positively correlated with resistance. Furthermore, the CsGluCl was found to be two‐fold overexpressed in the field‐resistant populations of C. suppressalis compared to a susceptible reference strain.

CONCLUSION

Study results suggest that overexpression and variable splicing of CsGluCl may play a role in C. suppressalis resistance to EB. This study provides a contemporary update on the sensitivity of C. suppressalis to insecticides and contributes to a better understanding of the function of the GluCl in insects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mirikizumab pharmacokinetics and exposure–response in pediatric patients with moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Otani Yuki , Chua Laiyi , Komocsar Wendy J. , Larkin Amy , Johns Jordan , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2024

Mirikizumab is a p19‐directed anti‐interleukin‐23 antibody approved for the treatment of adults with moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we report the first data of mirikizumab pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure–response (E/R) relationships in pediatric participants (aged 2 to <18 years weighing >10 kg) with moderate‐to‐severe UC from the phase II, open‐label study SHINE‐1 (NCT04004611). PK parameters were analyzed using a model developed previously in adults with fixed‐exponent allometry for body weight. Serum samples collected from 26 participants during the 12‐week induction and 40‐week maintenance periods of SHINE‐1 were analyzed. Estimated body weight‐adjusted systemic clearance, volume of distribution, and subcutaneous bioavailability were 0.021 L/h, 0.069 L/kg, and 49.8%, respectively. Covariate analysis identified no clinically significant covariates other than body weight. In the exposure range studied, E/R analysis using post hoc grouping by average concentration quartile and comparison of observed change from baseline in modified Mayo Score (MMS) at Week 12 with the adult model prediction revealed no obvious E/R relationship in clinical response, clinical remission, or endoscopic response, consistent with observations in adults. The E/R relationship for observed change from baseline in MMS at Week 12 is also similar to the adult model prediction. The PK modeling and E/R analyses suggested optimal doses of intravenous mirikizumab 300 mg for weight >40 kg, 5 mg/kg for weight ≤40 kg every 4 weeks (Q4W) during induction, and subcutaneous mirikizumab 200 mg (>40 kg), 100 mg (>20 to ≤40 kg), or 50 mg (≤20 kg) Q4W during maintenance therapy for pediatric patients with moderate‐to‐severe UC.
Modeling the Influence of Deposition Parameters on the Crystalline Degree in the Simulation of Polycrystalline Silicon
Authors: Santonen Mikael , Lahti Antti , Srivastava Divya , Jahanshah Rad Zahra , Miettinen Mikko , Ebrahimzadeh Masoud , Laaksonen Johanna , Laukkanen Pekka , Punkkinen Marko , Kokko Kalevi , Kuronen Antti , Parkkinen Katja , Eklund Markus
Published: December 2024

Polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) has been and still is a pivotal material, particularly in the electronics and solar energy industries. Controlling crystallization is one of the challenges, e.g., in producing poly‐Si films for radio frequency applications. Since film growth by deposition is a random process, producing a specific grain size distribution for poly‐Si is challenging. By combining molecular dynamics simulation data with surface diffusion physics, novel transparent models are constructed that shed light on the physics behind the deposition of poly‐Si thin films and assist the selection of simulation parameters. Both probabilistic and geometric approaches are used to find relevant simulation parameters and their bounds to describe the complex grain–grain boundary interactions in the growth of poly‐Si thin films. Poly‐Si growth simulations provide valuable information to better understand the features of optimal growth conditions. The constructed parameterized deposition model is fitted to the simulation data. In addition to further refining the simulation of customized poly‐Si films, the presented modeling concept can also be used more generally in the analysis of physical vapor deposition.
The Importance of Sustainability: Investigating the Alignment Between Strategic Intent and Strong Sustainability Assumptions in Brazilian Food Technology Companies
Authors: Sehnem Simone , Dias Felipe Teixeira , Lara Ana Cláudia , de Andrade Guerra José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório , Morais Carlos Eduardo , Provensi Tais
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the alignment between the missions, visions, and values of food technology firms and robust sustainability principles. Employing a comprehensive research methodology including surveys, secondary data analysis, and semi‐structured interviews with managers of food technology startups, this study identifies and examines key areas: (1) strategic components and pivotal aspects of positioning within the food technology industry; (2) necessary changes for supporting sustainability‐driven business models; and (3) guidelines to assist food technology proprietors and managers in developing the required competencies to meet evolving societal and global market demands. The findings highlight the need for capacity development in resource circularity, material regeneration, and innovative processes, suggesting the circular economy as a strategic approach for achieving strong sustainability. The paper outlines specific changes for decision‐makers to consider. While contextual, this study represents a distinctive effort supporting the transition toward strong sustainability, grounded in the circular economy and dynamic, relational capabilities perspectives.
Luminescent Tactile Sensor System for Robots: Enhancing Human–Computer Interaction in Complex Dark Environments
Authors: Yin Jiaxin , Cao Zhi , Zhou Yuxuan , Huo Xiaoqing , Wu Zhiyi
Published: December 2024

In order to achieve interaction and collaboration with humans, robots need to have the ability for tactile perception of simulating human. Traditional methods use electrically connected sensors with complex arrays, leading to intricate wiring, high manufacturing costs, and demanding current environments. A flexible sensor with simple structure, easy preparation process, and low cost based on triboluminescence effect is proposed in this paper, which avoids the complex array and wiring of traditional sensors. The study discusses the relationship between luminescent intensity and factors such as luminescent particle content, luminescent layer thickness, encapsulation layer thickness, and friction layer thickness. It also analyzes the mechanism of luminescence. A micro charge‐coupled device is configured for the luminescent unit to collect optical information and is integrated with the robot's manipulator for testing. A simple sensing system is constructed to demonstrate environmental perception, acquiring, and feeding back shape and size information of contact objects in the dark. The system successfully identifies and judges target objects in complex dark environments, offering insights for applications such as unmanned assembly lines. It overcomes the challenge of intricate electrical connections, paving new avenues for intelligent object recognition research in human–computer interaction.
Competition and Precipitation Mechanism of Inclusions in the Al–Ti–Mg Complex Deoxidized Steel
Authors: Xiao Yuanyou , Cao Lei , Xu Tao , Wang Guocheng
Published: December 2024

In this work, the competitive precipitation mechanism of inclusions in Al–Ti–Mg complex deoxidized steel is investigated by experimental observation and thermodynamic analysis. Many types of inclusions are observed in steel, and the two and multi‐layer structural inclusions are composed of the single‐particle inclusions of TiS, TiN, TixOy, MnS, Al2O3, and MgAl2O4. Thermodynamic calculation results suggest that the transformation order of Al2O3 contains two pathways: one is Al2O3 → MgAl2O4 → MgTi2O4 → MgO and the second is Al2O3 → Ti2O3 → MgTi2O4. However, the transformation reaction of Al2O3 into MgAl2O4 or Ti2O3 has not completely ended, and no MgTi2O4 and MgO inclusions are found in the steel sample. The precipitation order of Ti2O3, TiN, TiS, and MnS in present steel is Ti2O3 → TiS → TiN → MnS. MnS only precipitated in solid steel, TiS, and TiN precipitated in the solid–liquid interface at T < 1794 K and T < 1796.5 K, respectively. The actual transformation and precipitation order of inclusion in the present Al followed by Ti–Mg deoxidized steel is Al2O3 → MgAl2O4 → Ti2O3 → TiN → TiS → MnS or Al2O3 → Ti2O3 → TiN → TiS → MnS.
OC6 Phase IV: Validation of CFD Models for Stiesdal TetraSpar Floating Offshore Wind Platform
Authors: Darling Hannah , Schmidt David P. , Xie Shengbai , Sadique Jasim , Koop Arjen , Wang Lu , Wiley Will , Bergua Archeli Roger , Robertson Amy , Tran Thanh Toan
Published: December 2024

With only a few floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) farms deployed anywhere in the world, FOWT technology is still in its infancy, building on a modicum of real‐world experience to advance the nascent industry. To support further development, engineers rely heavily on modeling tools to accurately portray the behavior of these complex systems under realistic environmental conditions. This reliance creates a need for verification and validation of such tools to improve reliability of load and dynamic response prediction and analysis capabilities of FOWT systems. The Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration, Continued with Correlation and unCertainty (OC6) project was created under the framework of the International Energy Agency to address this need and considers a three‐sided verification and validation between engineering level models, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and experimental results. In this paper, a novel floating offshore wind platform, the Stiesdal TetraSpar, is simulated using CFD under the load conditions defined by Phase IV of the OC6 project. The comparison of these CFD results against the experimental results demonstrated the ability to predict the platform response to waves when imposing the measured wave signals as input. Although validation versus experiment was largely successful, the damping behavior was impacted by uncertainties likely originating from the mooring system and sensor umbilical cable. This extensive comparison effort with multiple CFD practitioners offers insight into best practices to achieve reliable results.
Alternatives to Coercion
Authors: Torrents Enric Garcia , Björkdahl Anna
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, the authors critically examine the historical and contemporary use of restraint in mental health care and advocate for more humane, patient-centred alternatives. The authors consider the detrimental effects of coercive practices on patients’ autonomy, dignity, and recovery process, highlighting the intrinsic link between coercion and violence. The chapter examines a range of alternative approaches in both inpatient and community settings, including sensory rooms, open door policies, advance directives, patient-controlled admissions, recovery colleges, and peer support services. Each alternative is assessed in terms of its advantages, disadvantages, and the current evidence for its effectiveness. The authors emphasise the need for a paradigm shift towards practices that respect patient autonomy and promote shared decision-making, while acknowledging the need for further research and the challenges of implementing these alternatives. The chapter highlights the importance of transforming mental health care to be more compassionate, patient-centred, and respectful of human rights.
Digitalisierung der Hochschullehre – Ein neues Normal?
Authors: Fahr Uwe , Riegler Peter
Published: December 2024

Zu den vielfältigen Einflüssen, denen die Hochschullehre unterliegt, gehört seit mehr als 30 Jahren auch die Digitalisierung. Diese schien während der Corona-Pandemie einen besonderen Schub zu erfahren. Allerdings gab es nach der Pandemie eine breite Rückkehr zur Präsenzlehre. Die vorliegenden Beiträge in diesem Sammelband versuchen vor dem Hintergrund dieser Erfahrungen, zukunftsweisende Elemente der digital gestützten Lehre herauszuarbeiten. Der einleitende Beitrag arbeitet einige übergreifende Themen heraus, die für das Gelingen solcher Projekte wichtig sein können. Dazu gehören die Anknüpfung an den aktuellen Forschungsstand, z. B. bei dem Thema der Motivation, oder die Reflexion auf den Handlungsrahmen, innerhalb dessen Lehrprojekte durchgeführt werden.