bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of 5S Methodology in Educational Institutions: Benefits, Challenges, and Strategies for Sustainability Enhancement
Authors: Yulia Irva
Published: January 2025

Integrasi metodologi manajemen kualitas seperti prinsip 5S ke dalam lembaga pendidikan menawarkan peluang serta tantangan. Studi ini mengkaji manfaat potensial dan hambatan implementasi 5S di Politeknik Pariwisata Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Analisis tematik dilakukan untuk mengungkap persepsi, tantangan, dan peluang terkait implementasi 5S. Studi ini mengungkapkan beberapa keuntungan signifikan dari integrasi 5S di Politeknik Pariwisata Makassar, termasuk peningkatan efisiensi operasional, disiplin yang lebih baik di kalangan mahasiswa, penguatan kerja tim, dan peningkatan keamanan kampus. Namun, tantangan seperti minimnya kesadaran, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan adaptasi budaya diidentifikasi sebagai hambatan potensial dalam implementasi yang sukses. Untuk efektif menerapkan prinsip 5S di Politeknik Pariwisata Makassar, disarankan untuk mengembangkan strategi yang berfokus pada peningkatan kesadaran, alokasi sumber daya, adaptasi budaya, dan integrasi keberlanjutan.
Evolution of Sagittal Spinal Alignment During Pubertal Growth
Authors: Hu Zongshan , Xu Yanjie , Fan Changsheng , Chen Chunxiao , Li Dongyue , Liu Qiang , Wang Ming , Zhu Zezhang , Qiu Yong , Liu Zhen
Published: January 2025

Background:

Previous studies have reported normative data for sagittal spinal alignment in asymptomatic adults. The sagittal spinal alignment change in European children was recently reported. However, there is a lack of studies on the normative reference values of sagittal spinal and pelvic alignment and how these parameters change at different growth stages in Chinese children. The aims of this study were to establish the normative reference values of sagittal spinopelvic parameters in Chinese children, to investigate their variation during growth, and to compare these parameters between Chinese and European populations.

Methods:

The radiographic data of 1,916 healthy Chinese children (female:male sex ratio, 1.02:1; mean age, 11.9 ± 4.3 years) were analyzed in a retrospective, single-center study. Full-spine radiographs were utilized to measure several sagittal parameters, including pelvic parameters, T1-T12 thoracic kyphosis (TK), and L1-S1 lumbar lordosis (LL). TK was divided into proximal, middle, and distal parts, and LL was divided into proximal and distal parts. Patients were stratified into 5 groups according to skeletal maturity (based on age, Risser sign, and triradiate cartilage status).

Results:

During skeletal growth, pelvic incidence (PI) increased from 31.3° to 38.4° (p < 0.001), and pelvic tilt (PT) increased from 7.8° to 12.2° (p < 0.001). There were also increases in LL (from 45.0° to 46.3°; p = 0.020) and proximal LL (from 14.5° to 15.9°; p = 0.023). The peak of change in PI occurred between Groups 1 and 2 (from 31.3° to 35.8°; p = 0.011). The peak of change in LL was observed between Groups 1 and 3 (from 45.0° to 47.7°; p = 0.008). The peak of change in proximal LL (from 14.5° to 15.9°; p = 0.039) and distal TK (from 6.1° to 6.9°; p = 0.039) occurred between Groups 1 and 5. A subgroup comparison showed that age and TK were significantly higher in male patients than in female patients across the skeletal growth groups.

Conclusions:

This was a comprehensive study of sagittal alignment in a large cohort of Chinese children. These findings can serve as age, sex, and ethnicity-specific reference values for spine surgeons when assessing and planning correction surgery for pediatric patients. The sagittal alignment variations during skeletal growth were different from those in European children, representing a unique cascade effect occurring during skeletal maturation in the Chinese population.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Relación entre percepción del trabajo de la enfermera en el primer nivel de atención y la intención laboral de estudiantes de enfermería
Authors:   , Huamani Solano Yuliana Lisseth , Juarez Salas Susy Concepcion
Published: January 2025

Introducción: La Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), es un modelo de salud pública, enfrenta debilidades que limitan su capacidad de respuesta, el Perú requiere que más profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la percepción del trabajo de la enfermera en el primer nivel de atención y la intención laboral de estudiantes de enfermería en universidades de Lima. Método: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, observacional - analítico y de corte transversal. La muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 180 estudiantes de Enfermería, el muestreo se desarrolló mediante la técnica por conveniencia, se midió usando los instrumentos de Escala de valoración de la intención laboral en el Primer Nivel de Atención (PNA), y de la Escala de percepción del trabajo de la enfermera en el PNA. Resultados: La variable intención laboral en el PNA (IL-PNA) presenta una mediana de 37 RIQ 28-41 y percepción del trabajo de la enfermera en el PNA (PTE-PNA) una mediana 36 RIQ 30-44 con un Coeficiente Rho de Spearman R=0.438; p<0.001. Alrededor de la mitad de los estudiantes tuvieron un nivel alto de IL-PNA y un poco más de la mitad tuvieron un nivel poco favorable de PTE-PNA, a excepción de las consecuencias económicas de trabajar en el PNA en el cual el 73.9% calificó como desfavorable. Conclusiones: Cuanto más positiva es la percepción del trabajo de la enfermera en el PNA, mayor es la intención laboral de los estudiantes de enfermería.
Efecto de la aplicación de un bioestimulante foliar en el rendimiento de vainas de tara (Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose) en el departamento de Ica
Authors:   , Alarcon Molina Luis Fernando
Published: January 2025

El objetivo principal de investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de un bioestimulante foliar sobre el rendimiento de vainas de tara en las instalaciones del fundo “La pampa” en Ica bajo condiciones y características de campo controladas como la edad, distanciamiento, riego, fertilización, manejo silvicultural. El presente trabajo tiene la finalidad de proponer un plan alternativo de manejo nutricional del cultivo permitiéndonos obtener altos niveles de producción y asegurar una rentabilidad positiva del cultivo. El desarrollo de esta investigación consistió en aplicar vía foliar tres dosis de bio-estimulantes; 25ml, 50ml, 75ml y el testigo respectivamente. El diseño experimental fue factorial mixto 4 x 2 con 11 réplicas con el objetivo de estudiar la interacción en una variedad de árbol de tara factor A con dos niveles de fecha de evaluación y factor B con cuatro niveles representados por las dosificaciones de aplicación de un bio-estimulante (Amiquim30) en la etapa de prefloración e inflorescencia. Se empezó delimitando una parcela con once plantas por tratamiento y se realizó la aplicación foliar de Amiquim30 según como se detalla a continuación: Testigo (T0), Amiquim30 25ml/20lt agua(T1), 50ml/20 lt agua (T2) y 75 ml/20 lt agua (T3). Se selecciono el punto cardinal nor-oeste de la planta como área de evaluación, recolectando tres racimos de vainas por planta en cada tratamiento. Como resultado de la investigación se concluye: existe un efecto en la aplicación del bio-estimulante sobre el rendimiento de vainas de tara con una relación directa sobre la inflorescencia y cuajado.
Elaboración de un prototipo de bloque y ladrillo de concreto a base de relaves mineros proveniente de Santa Rosa de Cata-Coayllo-Cañete
Authors:   , Quispe Gomez Jazmine , Pariona Camones Nazareth Griselda
Published: January 2025

El propósito de este estudio fue: Analizar la factibilidad de la elaboración de un prototipo de ladrillo y bloque de concreto a base de relaves mineros de la localidad de Santa Rosa de Cata-Coayllo-Cañete. Para llevar a cabo ello, la investigación realizada fue de tipo experimental y el área de estudio abarcada se encuentra al oeste del centro poblado de Santa Rosa de Cata, ubicado en el distrito de Coayllo, provincia de Cañete, los análisis de metales pesados se realizaron en el laboratorio Envirotest, asimismo, el análisis de textura se realizó en las instalaciones de la universidad Científica del Sur, la granulometría en el laboratorio de la empresa manufacturera Pisopak Perú S.A.C. Y la absorción de agua con la plasticidad con el laboratorio Geofal. Se concluyó que es factible elaborar ladrillos y bloques de concreto con relaves mineros siendo la proporción ideal y óptima para los ladrillos se trata de la dosificación 02 con cemento + relave resultando 128 Kg/cm2 de resistencia máxima a los 28 días, con una dosificación del 39% de relave y para los bloques de concreto la más ideal y óptima se trata de la dosificación 04 con aditivo + cemento + relave resultando 54 Kg/cm2 de resistencia máxima a los 28 días, con una dosificación del 48% de relave.
Auto Frac: Improving Consistency and Control in Completions
Authors: Bogle E. , Stark P.
Published: January 2025

What is the value of automation in hydraulic fracturing? Companies are under constant pressure to deliver continuously improving results in the face of market challenges. Evidence for the need to improve results is evident in earnings calls and managerial opinions, where calls to increase production and efficiency are routinely expressed. Automating fracture design execution at the job site is the key to increased efficiency. Automation is an innovative idea in completions but should not be a surprising thought. Automation has already proven to be the key to immediate efficiency and long-term productivity in drilling operations (Farhi et al.). Similarly, improvements across various businesses and completion services represent a prime opportunity for its implementation in hydraulic fracturing. Automating hydraulic fracturing enables operational consistency in execution, reduces risk, and enables higher-level system control for the operator. Automation also enhances employee utilization, freeing resources for other tasks by eliminating tedious routines while pumping. In 2024, completion automation began to roll out across North America, and today, controlling execution from the beginning to the end of stage, running across numerous fleets. This paper will review the results of this service and what future opportunities now exist.
Recent Developments and Utilization of Produced Water in Bakken Well Stimulations
Authors: Schmidt D. D. , Harms G. , Thiel A. , Neubeker J. , Hopfauf T.
Published: January 2025

The use of produced water in hydraulic fracturing operations is a sustainable alternative to freshwater resources and can reduce completion costs while taking pressure off the disposal reservoir. An examination of how Bakken operators have progressed utilization over the past decade is described. Several states have enacted legislation related to the minimization of freshwater use in the oil and gas industry. Although the industry's demand for freshwater is significantly smaller than irrigation and municipal use, alternatives can alleviate future increased use, specifically for hydraulic fracturing. Water source data for hydraulic fracturing is not widely available through public databases or professional oil and gas data services. Operators have only recently begun providing source water data to FracFocus. Information was culminated from industry correspondence, publications, and corporate reporting to estimate recent use of produced water in North Dakota, and new methods to increase use. Presently 40% of operators in North Dakota with active completion programs are incorporating produced water reuse, and 20% are using significant volumes with reuse rates of 5% to 28%. Water scarcity is not as severe in North Dakota compared with more arid regions of the country. North Dakota producers are presently replacing about 5% of freshwater with produced water in completion operations as compared to the Permian Basin in which reuse rates of over 50% have been reported. There seems to be room to grow produced water utilization within the Williston Basin, however the availability and deliverability are significant limitations. A renewed interest by operators has resulted in an evolution of the practice since 2019 with the primary benefits of improved sustainability and financial performance.
A New Concept of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in Permian Basin. Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2) as Re-Stimulation Agent in Unconventional, Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells
Authors: Dalamarinis Panagiotis , Fusselman Stephen
Published: January 2025

In conventional reservoirs secondary and tertiary oil recovery have been established methods to increase reserves and extend the production life. In unconventional reservoirs with matrix permeability being as low as nano-Darcy traditional EOR methods have to prove their technical, physical, and economic viability. A new concept for EOR which is used to improve injectivity in SWD wells has been successfully applied in the Permian Basin resulting in production uplift and EUR increase.

The concept/idea was simple. The fracture system that is created during hydraulic fracturing operations is the subsurface pathway for the reservoir fluids to the wellbore. This pathway is subject to scale, paraffins and biofilm depositions as are surface flow lines and facilities. Engineered Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2), a strong oxidizer capable of breaking down and keeping all these proppant pack contaminants in solution, was introduced as an EOR/restimulation agent. Reservoir PVT properties, scale tendencies, and production decline rates were considered to develop "fit for purpose" treatments ranging in volumes between 1,500 – 4,000 bbls of total fluid pumped into the wells.

In our first application of Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2) for restimulation and EOR that was presented by Dalamarinis, et al, 2023, wells at which a similar artificial lift system was installed demonstrating improved production between 70% to 300%. Chlorine Dioxide treatments were pumped in the same wells multiple times over the last three years (with an average frequency of one year) and every time these wells were re-stimulated, production and Downhole Bottom Pressure were restored to the levels observed after the first treatment (as high as 80% when compared to the wells’ IP rates). Furthermore, the application of this Fracture -EOR (F-EOR) method was expanded in Reeves, Culberson, Pecos, and Martin County with more than 60 treatments pumped in approximately 40 wells with oil gravities from as low as 30° to as high as 55° API, with similar success, proving its effectiveness in different environments. The production uplift that was achieved further validated the theory that production decline in unconventional wells is not related exclusively to reservoir depletion but to the skin damage effect developed inside the fracture system, resulting from scale, biofilm, paraffin, and asphaltene deposition, something that Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2) can effectively remove from the near wellbore area, thus restoring the reservoir/wellbore conductivity.

Production results demonstrate that significant production uplift can be achieved, sometimes >500%. With thousands of legacy wells in inventory, operators can mitigate production decline and deferment with Chlorine Dioxide treatments, mitigating the need to constantly drill new wells to achieve production targets.
Maximizing Hydraulic Fracturing Performance and Reducing Emissions Though Acoustic Friction Analysis
Authors: Kroschel J. , Seely B. , Fatheree K. , Khan M.
Published: January 2025

Synergizing new industry synergies requires disruptive, synergizing technologies. This study involves using acoustically measured perforation friction and efficiency to optimize hydraulic fracturing operations for 1876 Resources in the Powder River Basin. Contingent on maintaining optimal fluid distribution, 1876 sought to increase operational efficiency by increasing the stage length to decrease the number of required wireline runs to complete the hydraulic fracturing stimulation. While maintaining fluid distribution across the lateral section of each stage, 1876 was able to increase cluster count, increase stage length, and maintain total proppant for the well. The result was significant reductions in required normalized hydraulic horsepower-hour (HHP/bbl slurry), evidence of improved treatment, and operational efficiency gains. This improvement in treatment also yields reductions in diesel required per stage and decreases emissions per stage.
New Hybrid Workflow for Field Development Planning and Execution: Early Time Fracs vs Long Term Production
Authors: Williams-Kovacs J. D. , Deryushkin D. , Clarkson C. R.
Published: January 2025

Recently, a hybrid workflow for cost-effective and efficient field development planning and execution was introduced to accelerate learnings from post-frac data and to inform development decisions, without waiting for long-term production. This workflow combines typically gathered field data (i.e. geomechanics, flowback and short-term production) with existing integrated workflows to significantly reduce uncertainty and execution time associated with today’s asset development workflows. Although powerful, this workflow lacks ties with long-term production data and does not account for variability in fluid properties across the asset, which limits wide-spread applicability.

In this paper, the hybrid workflow will be extended to incorporate long-term production data. The extended workflow incorporates a series of correlations and asset maps which can be used to benchmark and improve completion design selection and performance, with the ultimate goal of streamlining asset development. The workflow includes the development and application of the following: 1) asset map of effective stress; 2) asset map of permeability 3) fracture area correlation (effective stress vs. fracture area); 4) normalized rate correlation (90-day production rate vs. linear flow parameter, LFP); and 5) long-term production correlation (extended production vs LFP). Component 5 is the key new addition to the workflow, which adds significant value and improves the widespread applicability in complex assets. A mass-flow rate approach will also be utilized to enhance the ability to compare productivity from wells producing from varying fluid types.

By integrating flowback analysis (FBA) with other multi-disciplinary analysis methods into this enhanced hybrid workflow, operators can effectively improve development efficiency and performance of their assets over both short and long-term production. The enhanced hybrid workflow will be demonstrated using a case study from a high-profile asset in a prolific North American unconventional reservoir. The studied asset shows significant variability in fluid properties, geomechanics and productivity.

Using this workflow, operators can connect initial reservoir and fluid properties to long term asset performance and by integrating FBA, link geomechanical properties to stimulated area with a given design to achieve target frac and production performance. Incorporating this workflow also assists with minimizing both G&A and development capital costs.

By incorporating long-term production into the hybrid workflow, the widespread applicability is significantly improved, while also providing a key link between early-time frac performance and long-term productivity. Using this enhanced hybrid workflow, operators can unlock the full potential of their assets, while dramatically improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of asset development.
A Unique Process Using a Modified Slickwater Treatment that Enables Optimized Depletion of Shales and Tight Reservoirs with and without Laterals and Less than Half the Sand Used for Typical Lateral Completions
Authors: Ely John , Harper Jon , Wolters Brad , Jacoby Mark
Published: January 2025

Objectives/Scope

A frac design procedure which varies widely from the typical present-day design has been shown to achieve economic success utilizing larger volumes and much less proppant than presently used. The Authors will document at least 5 years of production of both horizontal and verticals. This data indicates tremendous potential for vertical stimulation of shales and tight reservoirs across the country.

Methods Procedures, Process

The type of design was an offshoot of work done in the Bossier Shale 20 + years ago. The Fracpro model is used for optimization of the volumes. The previous success seen in the Bossier using alternating sweeps (no proppant) allows for successful propping with higher effective volume than continuous sand addition. Very selective perforating is used allowing for pseudo limited entry. Although a very high success rate was achieved with high volume verticals, the industry was not receptive to anything other than horizontal completions.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

As we have often been reminded, we need to study the past lest we make the same mistake again. In this case we studied the past and discovered that there is a viable slick water technique to stimulate verticals in ultra tight reservoirs and to optimize our present-day horizontal designs. We will present multiple well production from 7 different reservoirs and compare production and economics with the "Waterfrac Sweep" process and offset horizontal production. Because of having a huge data base on one reservoir we will go into depth with a particular play in New Mexico where specific completion design was used to optimize production over time. The results of utilizing this technique are intriguing due to the lack of intuitive historical frac understanding. The process does not bow to the "pump more sand" adage and destroys the long-held worry of over flushing destroying near well permeability.

Explanation of benefit to practicing Engineer

The results from the large volume high-rate treatments with less sand will allow for a different approach to slick water stimulation. The approach shown in this paper will allow for strong consideration of a different technique to allow for economic completion of tight reservoirs.
Practical Methods for Completing the SCOOP Woodford and Sycamore
Authors: Calvin James , Pinkerton Hap , Shepherd Cameron
Published: January 2025

The Anadarko Basin is one of the deepest basins in North America. It extends over 50,000 square miles from Central Oklahoma into both the Oklahoma and Texas panhandles as well as parts of Colorado and Kansas. The predominant hydrocarbon types are light oil, condensate, and natural gas. Approximately 14,000 horizontal wells have been completed since 2010, but the basin has been favorable for both vertical and horizontal completions. The basin can be divided into several sub areas which include the STACK and the SCOOP. Given the depths as well as the complex geology, major plays such as the Woodford Shale and the Mississippian (Sycamore Formation and Meramec Formation) present many challenges to completions which include but are not limited to as follows:

High treating pressures Faulting and seismicity Skin damage related to polyacrylamide friction reducer Near wellbore complexity and leak-off encountered during completions Sub optimal well spacing and well communication

On top of the geological challenges, Operators continue to be challenged with improving well economics by improving well production and simultaneously controlling or reducing costs. This translates into the following general objectives for completions:

Higher desired treatment rates Larger proppant amounts Larger water volumes Reduced completion times Deploying economic chemical packages Mitigating adverse well communication Reducing seismicity where applicable

Practical methodologies that help mitigate the subsurface challenges as well as help Operators meet their economic challenges will be discussed. These methods and their effectiveness are examined through a combination of conceptualization, field testing, lab testing, data analytics, statistics, and geomechanical modeling. A case history regarding a series of wells drilled in both the Sycamore and the Woodford in the southern part of the SCOOP that required well intervention techniques will also be presented. Several of the above-mentioned methodologies were deployed to optimize the well completions and meet operator objectives. Case histories for the above-mentioned methodologies will also be presented separately where applicable.

Improved operational efficiencies and production can be observed when utilizing targeted methods. As examples, stimulations can be sized based on proper data analysis and modeling by area and formation which can improve well economics by avoiding the oversizing or under sizing of stimulations. Next, production can be enhanced by the utilization of less polyacrylamide in fluid systems or utilizing a non-polyacrylamide polymer. Also, operational inefficiencies related to near wellbore complexity and fluid leak-off can be mitigated using tailored and adjustable fluid system packages as well as operational breakdown techniques. The fluid leak-off mitigation alone has implications on stimulation cluster efficiency, well communication, fracture geometry growth, and seismicity mitigation.
Hydraulic Fracturing in Geothermal Reservoirs: The Utah Forge EGS and Newberry Superhot Projects
Authors: Ghassemi A. , Ratnayake Ruwantha
Published: January 2025

Recently, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is being implemented in hot geothermal reservoirs both in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) and superhot reservoirs such as the Utah FORGE and Newberry, respectively. Hydraulic fracturing in these fields poses distinct challenges to design and forecasting the fracturing outcome. This is rooted in the geomechanics aspects of these reservoirs and the high temperature conditions along with specific well completions strategies. In this paper, we present recent experiences in these two fields and present data and analysis to help better understand the stimulation and the resulting SRV and fracture geometries. We examine two conceptual models for hydraulic stimulation of geothermal reservoir namely, hydraulic fracture propagation and shear stimulation. We use fully coupled, 3D thermo-poroelastic DD method which considers planar and non-planar fracture propagation and interactions with natural fractures. We show that asymmetric and exotic growth behavior is to be expected in the stress regimes encountered in these reservoirs and completions styles used. We also assess the reservoir growth during circulation experiments with reference to effective reservoir management and power production strategies.
Design, Test, Evaluate, Repeat: Continuous Improvement of Field Development Through Field Testing and Modelling, a Marcellus Case Study
Authors: Pichon Stephane , Buchanan Christopher , Khazov Nikolay , Segstro Ryan , Rios Carmen Gomez , Slikas Miguel , Depaz Mirko Hernandez
Published: January 2025

Optimization of the development of unconventional resources is a continuous process, with each iteration providing incremental progress. The objective of this work is to describe the journey from field test design, data acquisition, execution, evaluation, and modeling to provide guidance for decision-making and to show how improving the understanding of an asset translates into practical enhancements for its field development.

The case study involves two "high data density" pads in the Marcellus, utilizing chemical tracers, perforation imaging, and production logging, in addition to legacy data acquired from the asset. After thoroughly evaluating the acquired data, a complete pad is history-matched using an integrated hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulation workflow. The calibrated model is then used for a sensitivity study, which is further enhanced through machine learning with a customized script developed in Python. This creates a large library of cases linking field development to production, well cost, and economics.

Success is defined by achieving conclusions with reasonable certainty that can be implemented, along with a quantifiable production and cost impact. To achieve this, the design of the field experiment is critical. Initiated by preliminary observations from legacy datasets, both test pads aimed to test the effectiveness of the field development assumptions. Tailored data acquisition programs revealed that stage architecture did not deliver on its promise and that well spacing can be a strong lever for well performance. Learnings from the first pad helped refine the test design for the second pad, highlighting that stage architecture offers a better return on investment than increasing sand and fluid volumes.

Building on field observations, numerical modeling, later enhanced by machine learning, provides a holistic view of development scenarios. This, combined with integration with well cost and economics, delivers directional guidance on where the field development could be taken next, depending on the business strategy.

The case study is the result of multiple years of effort, providing practical examples to illustrate how a better understanding translates into modifications of the field development of an asset to maximize return on investment.
A New Method to Quantify the Connections Between Wells Based on Pressure and Strain Responses Measured in a Monitoring Well
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Wu Kan , Jin Ge , Blasingame Thomas A.
Published: January 2025

Well interference test methods in Multi-Fracture Horizontal Wells (MFHWs) focus on the connectivity and conductivity between the "entire" wells. Practically it is challenging to identify the contribution of each fracture from each cluster in a MFHW. However, understanding fracture connections at the cluster level can provide detailed guidance for optimizing completion designs and well spacing. This work proposes a new method to interpret far-field strain change and pressure data to quantify fracture connectivity and properties at the cluster level. The case study uses field data acquired from the DOE Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site-1 (Phase III) performed in the Eagle Ford shale. A dedicated well with permanent fiber and external pressure gauges installed was used to monitor strain and pressure changes (respectively) during put-on production (so-called "POP") of adjacent wells. A 1D linear flow model was proposed to simulate transient flow within fractures, allowing for the calculation of pressure responses at the monitoring well. By assuming a linear relationship between pressure and strain changes, we were able to match the observed pressure and strain changes to determine fracture connectivity and conductivity between the production and monitoring wells.

Using field data from permanent fiber and external pressure gauges, we validated the analytical solution for modeling changes in strain during initial production performance. We note that the pressure and strain changes indicate the same fracture properties. During hydraulic fracturing treatment, 59 fracture hits were identified in the monitoring well, which is 250 ft horizontally from the producing well. During initial production, DSS strain data revealed only 20 fracture connections among 230 clusters between the producing well and the monitoring well. The calculations show fracture conductivities ranging from 0.1 to 15 mD·ft, with 10 connections exceeding 1 mD·ft. This analysis provides an important observation: out of the 230 perforation clusters and considering a well spacing of 250 ft, approximately 26% of the fractures connected from the treatment well to the monitoring well during fracturing, while only about 9% of the fractures remained connected during initial production. This study introduces an innovative interpretation method that can be used to quantify fracture connectivity and conductivity at the cluster level by leveraging advanced monitoring technology in unconventional reservoirs. This approach provides practicing engineers with unique data to optimize the well completion designs and well spacing, thereby enhancing the development and productivity of unconventional reservoirs.
A Study of Water Injection in Structural High Relief Gas and Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Leon-G. Alfredo , Samaniego-V. Fernando , Perez-H. Jose Luis , Lopez-C. Fabian , Urquieta Edgar , Rivas-G. Santiago
Published: January 2025

Compositional single porosity and naturally fractured 3D simulation studies are presented for the Fenix and Giraldas gas and condensate fields, aimed at investigating the effect of the recovery of the high condensate content of these reservoirs of a very active aquifer and of water injection in the aquifer, for the former and the latter respectively. The Fenix field producing formation is made of fractured dolomite and limestone, with matrix porosity ranging between 4 and 8 percent, well test estimations of permeability around 4 md and a structural relief of 984 ft. The initial condensate content was 297 STB/MMSCF and a dew point pressure of 6009 psi. The highly active aquifer associated to this reservoir has caused that during its exploitation, the pressure behavior has been at conditions above the dew point pressure. The simulation study for this field analyzed the effects on the condensate recovery of the reservoir production rate, of the formation properties and aquifer activity. Currently, the estimated condensate recovery factor is 60 percent, and the estimated figure would not be an aquifer is 30 percent. Based upon the analysis of the strongly water influx case history of the Fenix field, a simulation study was performed for the giant Giraldas field, presently at an advanced stage of exploitation. This reservoir has an associated small aquifer, showing a high structural relief of 2624 ft., porosity of 7 percent and permeability of 1.5 md. Three cases were studied: natural depletion and water injection at high pressure conditions above the dew point and at current low pressure field conditions. Water injection was controlled injecting about 30 percent of the hydrocarbon pore volume, completing the injection wells at the bottom of the reservoir to make the best use of the gravitational effect. After waterflooding, final blowdown operations were also simulated. For the low pressure waterflood case, 51 percent of the hydrocarbon pore volume was injected and a production forecast was carried out for the next 15 years. The estimated condensate recovery factor for the natural depletion, for the high pressure and for the low pressure cases, were 34.9, 45.2 and 44.2 percent, respectively. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that properly conducted water injection on high structural relief gas and condensate reservoirs, results in an important increase of the condensate recovery.
Occurrence Of Multiple Myeloma In A First Degree Relative Of A Previously Diagnosed Patient
Authors: Obodo Onochie I. , Anigbo Chukwudi S. , Ocheni Sunday , Obodo Odichimma C. , Duru Augustine N. , Okoye Helen C. , Obiefuna Adaobi G.
Published: January 2025

Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy characterized by neoplastic proliferation of terminally differentiated plasma cells. First degree relatives of patients who previously suffered from MM are believed to be at an increased risk of developing the disease. Though this is a very rare occurrence, it suggests that there are genetic factors that play key roles in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Objectives
To report a case of familial multiple myeloma and highlight the need for family screening.
Methods
This is the case report of a 65-year-old woman who presented to our clinic requesting to be screened for MM, as she was being worked up for a knee replacement surgery due to severe osteoarthritis of the right knee. She gave a history of MM occurring in her mother, who later passed following complications from the disease. She had no significant associating complaint, other than incidental findings of anaemia on complete blood count (CBC) during routine clinical visits.
Results
Results showed an ESR of 76mm/1hr, IgG was elevated at 3079 mg/dL (700–1600), elevated kappa FLC of 86.1mg/L (6.7–22.4), kappa/lambda FLC ratio of 7.688 (0.31–1.56), and bone marrow plasmacytosis of > 30%, with numerous abnormal forms (flaming cells, multinucleated cells) seen.
Conclusion
Cases of familial MM have been reported in the literature, with the majority occurring amongst siblings, and a few in the off-springs of previous MM patients. This case report highlights the need for routine screening and genetic counselling to be offered to first-degree of persons with multiple myeloma.
A comprehensive landscape of human organ N-glycoproteome
Authors: Tian Zhixin , bi ming , Wang Tao , Qin Chao , Yuan Yanggang , Qin Suideng , Liang Hongwei
Published: January 2025

N-glycosylation, as a common post-translational modification with enormous structures, plays key roles in protein folding, cellular recognition and signaling pathways. State-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based N-glycoproteomics has enabled deep N-glycoproteome characterization of various human organs. However, a comprehensive N-glycoproteome landscape of human organs remains lacking. Here we present a systematic human N-glycoproteome atlas spanning 18 organs/tissues with identification of 31,003 N-glycan structure-level and 14,043 monosaccharide composition-level intact N-glycopeptides on 5,539 N-glycosites of 3,681 N-glycoproteins. Tissue-specific N-glycosylation patterns, novel glycoforms and crosstalk between sialylation and fucosylation are observed. This atlas, complemented by a unified multi-software analysis framework, provides insights into organ-specific glycobiology and establishes a fundamental reference for understanding physiological N-glycosylation characteristics of human tissues.
Study of structural, morphological and optical properties of samarium doped with BaTiO3 nanomaterial
Authors: kumar Aravind kumar , teacher Piyush k. patel , teacher Jyoti Rani , teacher M.M. Malik
Published: January 2025

Samarium-doped Barium Titanate (Sm: BaTiO3) is a promising material in the field of advanced ceramics and electronics, combining the unique properties of both samarium (Sm) and barium titanate (BaTiO3). Barium titanate is a well-known ferroelectric material, widely studied for its excellent dielectric properties, piezoelectric behaviour, and electro-optical characteristics. The incorporation of samarium ions (Sm³⁺) into the BaTiO3 lattice aims to enhance the material’s electrical, optical, and magnetic properties.
This doping process leads to a modification of the material’s structural, electrical, and magnetic behaviours due to the influence of Sm³⁺ ions on the crystal lattice. These ions can alter the ferroelectric properties, improving the material's dielectric response, increasing magnetic susceptibility, and potentially introducing new functionalities like multiferroic behaviour (simultaneous ferroelectric and magnetic properties). The influence of doping concentrations, synthesis methods, and thermal treatments on the microstructure and phase stability of Sm: BaTiO3 is crucial for optimizing the material’s performance in potential applications such as capacitors, sensors, actuators, and advanced memory devices.
The abstract for Samarium-doped Barium Titanate typically explores how varying the doping levels of Sm affects the materials, crystallography, dielectric constants, electrical conductivity, and magneto electric coupling, with the ultimate goal of tailoring the properties for specific technological applications.
Understanding dynamics to Streamline Access: Systems Engineering and Agent-Based Probabilistic Modelling in Memory Assessment Services
Authors: Scherer Reinhold , Jamalifard Mohammadreza , Underwood Benjamin R. , Lewis Jonathan R. , Skea Alison , Mathie Elspeth , Dening Karen Harrison , Milton Steve , Surr Claire , Lebcir Reda M. , Pujari Amit N. , Free Robert C. , Leng Theng Yin , Craven Michael , Beishon Lucy , Keevil Victoria L. , Goodman Claire , Handley Melanie
Published: January 2025

Background As the global population ages, healthcare systems must anticipate and manage the interactions of older adults with dementia and other long-term conditions. Optimising dementia assessment and diagnosis services is essential to enhance efficiency and improve patient experience. Solutions must address the evolving needs and complexity of patients, caregivers, and healthcare services.Aims We sought to develop a comprehensive model of a memory assessment service (MAS) to examine how patients, unpaid carers and health system factors influence service performance. The primary focus was to gain insight into how these factors affect the time from referral to diagnosis and to identify evidence needed for future modelling work.Methods We used systems engineering and an agent-based probabilistic modelling approach, informed by real NHS clinical data, to simulate the MAS. To reflect the experience of most people attending memory assessment services our model included the impact of multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) and if the patient had a known carer (dyad).Results We found that system dynamics and behaviour change based on the pressure the system is under, with a tipping point in the length of the waiting list after which performance is consistently impacted. The impact of staff absences appears to be less significant than comparable levels of patient non-attendance. High levels of triage adversely affected service performance, whereas increased staffing levels and, in particular, reduced administrative burdens improved performance.Conclusions We have demonstrated the feasibility of constructing sophisticated models of memory assessment services, incorporating multiple factors to study behaviours that emerge from interactions in the system. Such models could be valuable tools for NHS managers, not only to optimise the efficiency of services but also to develop new approaches to service delivery.
Advanced Transport Management System (aTraMS) using On-Board Diagnostics
Authors: S Avinash , Ramachandra  , Prathapchandra
Published: January 2025

On-Board Diagnostics or OBD diagnostic device communicates with the car and reads the diagnostic information from the car. It is a computer-based system built into modern passenger cars that monitor emission-related controls and the performance of the engine and detects malfunctions. This device is installed in a power train control module (PCM), which is generally a combined control unit, consisting of the engine control unit (ECU) and the transmission control unit (TCU). It provides some useful data to the user. The problem with the present device is that, to support different applications, it uses separate modules and till today it is seen only in high-end vehicles. The existing product is a processor-based application; hence it uses external RAM and ROM. The proposed system is microcontroller-based, which provides all in one support like Ethernet, USB, GPS, Bluetooth (using UART), Wi-Fi (using SPI), LTE, 6 axis sensor support, Cloud support, Front panel IO, Multi-range voltage (up to 48V) on a single chip. It also supports an Android application through which we can easily gather information about the vehicles through smartphones. The system is integrated with LTE wireless network and cloud computing technologies. It can perform real-time vehicle status surveillance. The monitored features cover engine rpm, vehicle speed, airbags, active suspension, ABS (Anti Braking System), Gear, light, air conditioning, coolant temperature, fault codes, and other vehicles dynamic information. The vehicle information will be transmitted to the cloud server via a wireless network for fault analysis. Once the cloud server detects fault conditions, the proposed system could classify the fault conditions depending on vehicle type and its model year. Then the cloud server will report the fault code analysis results to the user and describe the repair procedure. The proposed system will greatly shorten the time to detect vehicle trouble conditions. The system presented in this research work has a very high value in the applications of vehicle maintenance and fleet management. The complete designing process will be done using ALTIUM designer 17.0
Immunochromatographic food control tools: New developments and practical prospects
Authors: Zherdev A. V. , Zvereva E. A. , Taranova N. A. , Safenkova I. V. , Vostrikova N. L. , Dzantiev B. B.
Published: January 2025

In the modern food production technologies, the tools and means of simple and rapid testing raw materials, intermediate products and the final ready-to-consume food products are in high demand. This monitoring allows determining the content of toxic and pathogenic contaminants and confirms the compliance of the objects being tested with the established regulatory requirements. Mobile tests tools and means (so called test systems) provide the opportunity of wide range monitoring without involving the specialized laboratories and highly qualified specialists. Thus, test systems for detection of toxic and pathogenic contaminants serve as the useful addition to confirming instrumental analytical methods. An actively developing approach for this field testing is the using of immunochromatographic test strips, in which strips all the necessary reagents are applied to the membrane components of the analytical system. Contact of the test strip with the sample being tested, initiates all further interactions and generates the recordable or visually assessable optical signal. The market of test systems based on immunochromatographic analysis is constantly growing, thus offering the permanently widening choice of solutions. However, in recent years there has been a real boom of new developments in immunochromatography field, thus offering various options for highly sensitive and information capacitive analytical systems. This study systematizes these developments and provides their comparative assessment in terms of prospects for their technological implementation and practical application in the coming years. The opportunities of designing the antibodies and alternative receptor molecules for controlling the affinity and the selectivity of recognition of the compounds being monitored are considered. The advantages and limitations of the new nanodispersed markers and non-optical methods for their registration in immunochromatography are discussed. The methods for quantitative assessment of the contaminants content via immunochromatography are characterized. The developed design options of the test systems for multiplex control — simultaneous detection of several compounds — are presented. Examples of integration of immunochromatographic tests with the systems of automatic registration, processing, transfer, storage and analysis of results of numerous tests are represented.