bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The transcription factors Nkx2.2 and Nkx2.9 play a novel role in floor plate development and commissural axon guidance
Authors: Holz Andreas , Kollmus Heike , Ryge Jesper , Niederkofler Vera , Dias Jose , Ericson Johan , Stoeckli Esther T. , Kiehn Ole , Arnold Hans-Henning
Published: November 2010

The transcription factors Nkx2.2 and Nkx2.9 have been proposed to execute partially overlapping functions in neuronal patterning of the ventral spinal cord in response to graded sonic hedgehog signaling. The present report shows that in mice lacking both Nkx2 proteins, the presumptive progenitor cells in the p3 domain of the neural tube convert to motor neurons (MN) and never acquire the fate of V3 interneurons. This result supports the concept that Nkx2 transcription factors are required to establish V3 progenitor cells by repressing the early MN lineage-specific program, including genes like Olig2. Nkx2.2 and Nkx2.9 proteins also perform an additional, hitherto unknown, function in the development of non-neuronal floor plate cells. Here, we demonstrate that loss of both Nkx2 genes results in an anatomically smaller and functionally impaired floor plate causing severe defects in axonal pathfinding of commissural neurons. Defective floor plates were also seen in Nkx2.2+/–;Nkx2.9–/– compound mutants and even in single Nkx2.9–/– mutants, suggesting that floor plate development is sensitive to dose and/or timing of Nkx2 expression. Interestingly, adult Nkx2.2+/–;Nkx2.9–/– compound-mutant mice exhibit abnormal locomotion, including a permanent or intermittent hopping gait. Drug-induced locomotor-like activity in spinal cords of mutant neonates is also affected, demonstrating increased variability of left-right and flexor-extensor coordination. Our data argue that the Nkx2.2 and Nkx2.9 transcription factors contribute crucially to the formation of neuronal networks that function as central pattern generators for locomotor activity in the spinal cord. As both factors affect floor plate development, control of commissural axon trajectories might be the underlying mechanism.
Band Gap and Absorption Profile Change by Changing Molecular Weight and Conformation of Water-soluble Narrow-band-gap Polymers
Authors: Aota Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Takeshi , Amiuchi Yuta , Yano Hirofumi , Kunimoto Tatsuya , Matsumoto Akira
Published: November 2010

Band gaps and absorption profiles of water-soluble π-conjugated polymers, which were prepared by the addition–condensation of pyrrole with sodium o-formylbenzenesulfonate, changed with changing their molecular weights and conformations in different solvents. The band gaps were changed from less than 0.19 eV in a solid to 0.59 eV in a solution.
A Computational Method for Stochastic Impulse Control Problems
Authors: Feng Haolin , Muthuraman Kumar
Published: November 2010

We consider the instantaneous control of a diffusion process on the real line. Two types of costs are incurred. The holding cost rate, incurred at all times, is modeled by a convex function. Transactions costs have both fixed and proportional components, making it an impulse control problem. The objective is to minimize the expected infinite horizon discounted cost. The solution to a quasi-variational inequality, which takes the form of a free-boundary problem, can be shown to be the optimal solution. We develop a methodology that converts the free-boundary problem into a sequence of fixed boundary problems. We show that the arising sequence is monotonic and converges. Provided the converged solution is C1, we show its optimality. We also provide an epsilon-optimality result. Finally, we illustrate a couple of popular applications of this model.
Fully Distribution-Free Profit Maximization: The Inventory Management Case
Authors: Wagner Michael R.
Published: November 2010

We study profit maximization in inventory control problems where demands are unknown. Neither probabilistic distributions nor sets are available to characterize the unknown demand parameters. Therefore, we adopt an online optimization perspective for our analysis. The usual competitive ratio is not well defined for the problems we analyze; consequently, we introduce a new worst-case metric that is suitable. We consider two inventory management frameworks: (1) perishable products with lost sales and (2) durable products with backlogged demand. We consider both finite and infinite planning horizons. We design best-possible online procurement strategies for all cases.
Electronic Prescribing Vulnerabilities: Height and Weight Mix-Up Leads to Dosing Error/Null Sign Misread/Look-Alike Vials
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L.
Published: November 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Severe Rhabdomyolysis during Sunitinib/Therapy Meropenem-Induced Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome/Infliximab-Induced Lichen Planopilaris/Papulopustular Eruption Associated with Panitumumab/Serotonin Syndrome with Sertraline and Indomethacin/Review: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia/Review: Amiodarone and Thyroid Dysfunction
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MEDWATCH program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MEDWATCH, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Uremic Pruritus: Naltrexone
Authors: Generali Joyce A. , Cada Dennis J.
Published: November 2010

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label Drug Facts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label Drug Facts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific drug uses that are unapproved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This new guide to the literature enables the health care professional or clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information before patient care decisions are made. Direct questions or comments regarding Off-Label Drug Uses to jgeneral@kumc.edu .
Documentation of Clinical Activities Using a Web-Based Application within an Eight Hospital Integrated Health Care System: A Six-Year Experience
Authors: Amara Shilpa , Adamson Robert T. , Lew Indu , Mathis A. Scott
Published: November 2010

Purpose

To assess the first 6 years of documented clinical interventions and activities by a health care system pharmacy department after implementation of a Web-based documentation tool.

Methods

Saint Barnabas Health Care System (SBHCS) implemented the Quantifi Web-based documentation tool in October of 2002. Nine global intervention categories were developed, and the activities of SBHCS's pharmacists were tracked from January 2003 to December 2008. The following data were monitored: total number of interventions per category, number of interventions per category stratified by year, total cost savings, cost savings by global category, top 5 activities documented each year, top 5 cost-saving interventions documented each year, and top 5 intervened medications each year.

Results

A total of 760,555 clinical activities were documented during the study period, with the greatest number of interventions being from the order clarification category (30%) from 2003 through 2005 and the laboratory analysis category (25% to 30%) from 2006 to 2008. The total number of documented activities trended upward each year, as a whole and in nearly every individual category. The total documented direct cost savings during the study period was $6,169,593, with the therapeutic interventions category ($1,993,490) being the most influential. The total cost savings generally trended upward over the 6-year period.

Conclusions

Implementation of the Web-based documentation tool had a positive impact on pharmacists' documentation rates. The tool is a practical and convenient method for documenting clinical activities and interventions in real-time, with corresponding cost-savings information, for a pharmacy department within an integrated health care system.
Pharmacy, Health Information Technology, and the Medical Home: Achieving the Whole Picture
Authors: Fox Brent I. , Felkey Bill G.
Published: November 2010

This installment addresses a topic that is expected to grow in importance and relevance to pharmacists, other providers, and patients in the coming months and years. Patient-centered medical homes are being positioned as a significant change to primary care. Health information technology (HIT) is expected to be an important component of patient-centered medical homes, but the presence of HIT does not transition a primary care service into a patient-centered medical home. We discuss the patient-centered medical home concept, the role of HIT, and the role of pharmacists.
Rehabilitation Assessment of Jointed Concrete Pavement Using the Rolling Dynamic Deflectometer and Ground Penetrating Radar
Authors: Nam Boo Hyun , Scullion Thomas , Stokoe Kenneth H. , Lee Jung-Su
Published: November 2010

Transportation authorities need tools to characterize the structural conditions of jointed concrete pavements (JCPs) to minimize or, in the best case, prevent premature failures of rehabilitated JCPs. Applications of the rolling dynamic deflectometer (RDD) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) in pavement forensic studies and rehabilitation investigations are presented. The continuous RDD deflection profiles allow the evaluation of mid-slab behavior and load transfer conditions of joints/cracks, while GPR surveys assist in detecting adverse subsurface conditions such as voids and increased moisture. In this paper, the patterns in RDD deflection profiles that represent the four different structural conditions in JCPs are presented and discussed. Then, the results from combined RDD and GPR surveys on two rehabilitation projects are presented. In the first project, the problematic slabs with poor load transfer and high vertical differential deflections are identified in the RDD profile. The GPR survey is used to identify the cause of the high differential deflections, voids filled with water under the slabs. The recommendation is to fill the existing voids by using under-sealing techniques and install dowel-bar retrofit prior to a new overlay. In the Grogans Mill project, the RDD profile shows that the southbound lane has a significant number of slabs with a strong potential for reflective cracking. The GPR data indicated that there is moisture beneath the deteriorated slabs. A reconstruction of the southbound lane is recommended. On the other hand, the northbound lane consists of three subsections that require different rehabilitations: Slab replacement, asphalt overlay, and reconstruction. The success of rehabilitation generally depends on the selection of appropriate treatments. By providing 100 % coverage, both RDD and GPR are effective tools in evaluating existing conditions, and the combination of these tools significantly assists in selecting the optimum rehabilitation treatment.
Ovarian Development in Predacious Orius pumilio: Relationship to Diet, Mating, and Juvenile Hormone
Authors: Shapiro Jeffrey P , Shirk Paul D
Published: November 2010

A female minute pirate bug, Orius pumilio (Champion), was found to require both food and mating as an adult to achieve egg development. Last-instar nymphs of O. pumilio were individually placed into 96-well microtiter plates and recovered 24–48 h later as virgin adults, fed only on sucrose or water. The procedure yielded low mortalities. Correct identification of the sex of individuals as last-instar nymphs was achieved with 96% accuracy. The availability of food (eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller) and mates for these isolated females was controlled. Unfed adult females, whether mated or not, did not produce defectible yolk protein when assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, nor did they show any follicle development when examined microscopically. Fed but unmated females produced a significant, defectible amount of yolk protein, and some oocyte development was observed, but they contained no fully mature eggs. Females that were both fed and mated fell into two categories: 44% produced mature eggs at a mean rate of 6.4 eggs per female, whereas 56% had ovaries similar to those of fed but unmated females. If treated in mixed sex groups, females that were fed and mated contained more yolk protein than those held in pairs, but increasing the sex ratio of groups above 0.5 (males:females) did not result in a significant increase in yolk protein content. Topical treatment of fed females with methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog, did not trigger an increase in yolk protein contents. We conclude that vitellogenesis is a two-stage process in adult female O. pumilio. Early vitellogenesis requires a nutritious adult diet, whereas full vitellogenesis and egg maturation also require mating.
Mechanics of MEXE method for masonry arch bridge assessment
Authors: Wang J. , Melbourne C.
Published: November 2010

The assessment of the load-carrying capacity of a masonry arch bridge has traditionally been undertaken using the Military Engineering Experimental Establishment (MEXE) method (or a modified version of this), which has its roots in idealised elastic structural modelling. This method has been supplemented by alternative techniques which have emerged over the last 25 years. These techniques have highlighted some apparent shortcomings of the MEXE method. The present paper presents a full derivation of the fundamental equations published by Pippard, which were used to underpin the MEXE method. These equations are studied in the light of the perceived shortcomings of the method and extended to present new equations that might be used for more general application. Conclusions are presented that will be useful to the assessing engineer.
Application of the finite/discrete element method to arches
Authors: Brookes C.
Published: November 2010

During the last 10 years UK engineering consultancy Gifford has been assessing masonry arch bridges and using the finite/discrete-element method to predict their structural behaviour. In the majority of cases this work has followed bridge strength assessments based on traditional techniques where under-strength bridges are first identified. Over 200 bridges have now been investigated ranging from small rural bridges in the UK to massive structures used by Indian Railways, and a significant economic and environmental benefit gained through their continued use. This paper describes how the finite/discrete-element method has been applied and verified and covers the description of a development programme including full-scale laboratory tests, supplementary load tests on bridges in the field, and several monitoring programmes. The advantages this technique can provide over conventional arch bridge analyses, both limit analysis (mechanism) and traditional finite-element modelling, are described and how through partnering an innovative assessment and strengthening service is being delivered. The relevance of this approach to emerging serviceability limit state arch bridge assessment, which is seen as being particularly important for railways, is also discussed.
The dispute resolution adviser (DRA) system in Hong Kong
Authors: Wall Colin J. , Fellows Richard
Published: November 2010

Conflict and disputes seem to be endemic to the world’s construction industry and produce consequences which are detrimental to its performance. Given the array of difficulties with common dispute resolution methods, and the natures of common disputes in construction, a hybrid dispute resolution system, the dispute resolution adviser system, is explained. The system is designed both to prevent disputes arising as well as to resolve them. Application of the system on various construction projects in Hong Kong was investigated. It is concluded that the system works well to reduce the incidence of disputes and to secure speedy and cheap resolution of the few which do arise; thus, relationships between project participants are preserved and performance on the projects is improved. Further, the system seems eminently suitable for use on a wide variety of projects and beyond the area of Hong Kong.
Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-hydroxylamine, a human metabolite of the environmental pollutants and carcinogens o-anisidine and o-nitroanisole
Authors: Naiman Karel , Dračínská Helena , Dračínský Martin , Martínková Markéta , Martínek Václav , Hodek Petr , Štícha Martin , Frei Eva , Stiborová Marie
Published: November 2010

Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism ofN-(2-methoxyphenyl)-hydroxylamine, a human metabolite of the environmental pollutants and carcinogenso-anisidine ando-nitroanisole

N-(2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxylamine is a human metabolite of the industrial and environmental pollutants and bladder carcinogens 2-methoxyaniline (o-anisidine) and 2-methoxynitrobenzene (o-nitroanisole). Here, we investigated the ability of hepatic microsomes from rat and rabbit to metabolize this reactive compound. We found thatN-(2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxylamine is metabolized by microsomes of both species mainly too-aminophenol and a parent carcinogen,o-anisidine, whereas 2-methoxynitrosobenzene (o-nitrosoanisole) is formed as a minor metabolite. AnotherN-(2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxylamine metabolite, the exact structure of which has not been identified as yet, was generated by hepatic microsomes of rabbits, but its formation by those of rats was negligible. To evaluate the role of rat hepatic microsomal cytochromes P450 (CYP) inN-(2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxylamine metabolism, we investigated the modulation of its metabolism by specific inducers of these enzymes. The results of this study show that rat hepatic CYPs of a 1A subfamily and, to a lesser extent those of a 2B subfamily, catalyzeN-(2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxylamine conversion to form both its reductive metabolite,o-anisidine, ando-aminophenol. CYP2E1 is the most efficient enzyme catalyzing conversion ofN-(2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxylamine too-aminophenol.
A New Method of Mass Measurement for Checkweighers
Authors: Fukuda Kengo , Yoshida Koji , Kinugasa Tetsuya , Kamon Morihito , Kagawa Yoichiro , Ono Toshiro
Published: November 2010

A New Method of Mass Measurement for Checkweighers

A checkweigher is an automatic machine to measure the weight of in-motion products. It is usually located around the end of the production process and ensures the weight of a product within specified limits. Any products are taken out of line if their weights are out of the specified limits. It is usually equipped with an optical device. It is used to make a trigger to set the time duration to allow a product to move completely on the weigh belt for sampling the weight. In this paper, a new method of mass measurement for checkweighers is proposed which uses just signal processing without the optical device. The effectiveness of the method is shown through experiments. Also a possibility of faster estimation of weight is shown.
Rivet Flexibility and Load Transmission for a Riveted Lap Joint
Authors: Skorupa Małgorzata , Machniewicz Tomasz , Korbel Adam , Skorupa Andrzej
Published: November 2010

Rivet Flexibility and Load Transmission for a Riveted Lap Joint

Presented in this paper are results of an experimental investigation on the rivet flexibility and load transmission in a riveted lap joint representative for the aircraft fuselage. The test specimens consisted of two aluminium alloy Alclad sheets joined with 3 rows of rivets. Two different squeeze forces were applied to install the rivets. Rivet flexibility measurements have been performed under constant amplitude fatigue loading using several methods including two original optical techniques developed by the present authors. The axial tractions in the sheets required to determine the rivet flexibility have been derived from strain gauge measurements. In order to eliminate the effect of secondary bending the strain gauges have been bonded at the same locations on the outside and faying surface of the sheet. The experiments enabled an evaluation of the usefulness of various techniques to determine the rivet flexibility. It was observed that, although the measured flexibility was identical for both end rivet rows, the load transfer through either of these rows was different. Previous experimental results by the present authors suggest that behind the non-symmetrical load transfer distribution through the joint are large differences between the rivet hole expansion in the sheet adjacent to the driven rivet head and the sheet under the manufactured head [1]. It has been concluded that commonly used computation procedures according to which the load transfer is only related to the rivet flexibility may lead to erroneous results.
The Behavioural Effects of “Joint” Tax and Benefit Laws on Women's Economic Lives
Authors: Gugl Elisabeth
Published: November 2010

Un changement dans les politiques familiales entraîne typiquement des changements dans les perspectives d'avenir économique d'un couple, menant ainsi à des actions différentes avant et après le changement de politique. La question centrale que pose le présent article consiste à savoir comment ces différentes actions (et plus précisément un changement dans le partage des tâches) se traduisent en modification du bien-être de chaque conjoint (de fait) ou, en termes plus économiques, de leur utilité. Afin d'évaluer l'utilité de chaque conjoint avant et après les changements de politique, l'article s'inspire de la théorie sur la négociation coopérative pour examiner comment les conjoints se partagent les ressources familiales. Cette analyse révèle qu'un changement dans le partage des tâches des conjoints attribuable à un changement de politiques ne modifie pas le pouvoir de négociation des conjoints suivant un modèle de négociation d'une seule phase, mais qu'il y a modification suivant un modèle de négociation dynamique de phase-par-phase.
The Fiscal Equality of Women: Proposed Changes to Legislation Governing Private Pension Plans in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, and Nova Scotia
Authors: Woodman Faye L.
Published: November 2010

En 2008 et 2009, quatre provinces—l'Alberta et la Colombie-Britannique (conjointement), l'Ontario et la Nouvelle-Écosse—ont mis sur pied des commissions d'experts en matière de pensions qui ont produit trois rapports sur les lois provinciales régissant les régimes de pension privés. Le présent article a pour objectif de fournir une analyse fondée sur les rapports sociaux de sexe des recommandations formulées dans ces rapports. La première partie de l'article traite du rôle des femmes dans le processus de reproduction qui pose problème pour leur participation aux régimes de pension privés. L'article analyse ensuite les régimes publics de soutien du revenu pour les personnes âgées au Canada, y compris la sécurité de la vieillesse, le supplément de revenu garanti et le régime de pensions du Canada. Cette analyse sert d'arrière-plan pour examiner les recommandations des rapports sur les régimes de pension privés. La dernière partie de l'article explore les recommandations des commissions qui sont d'une importance particulière pour les femmes, parmi lesquelles l'on compte l'établissement de régimes universels de pension au niveau provincial, une augmentation des niveaux de contribution et de bénéfices des régimes privés ainsi que la question de l'acquisition des droits et de l'inflation. En conclusion, l'auteure suggère que certaines questions fassent l'objet d'enquêtes approfondies à partir d'une perspective féministe, y compris le moment de la retraite, la notion d'une retraite progressive et l'accès à des sommes forfaitaires retirées de fonds de pensions à un âge en particulier (accès libre).
Who Stands to Lose from Tax Cuts in Israel?
Authors: Hasson Yael
Published: November 2010

Dans le présent article, Yael Hasson démontre comment la structure typique de l'imposition du revenu, même lorsqu'elle est plus sensible aux rapports de sexe que l'imposition du revenu au Canada, crée inévitablement des désavantages pour les femmes par rapport aux hommes lorsque les réductions des taux d'imposition favorisent les personnes morales et les personnes à revenu élevé. En Israël, seules les femmes sont autorisées à demander les crédits d'impôt pour enfants. Ces crédits ne sont, toutefois, d'aucune utilité pour de nombreuses femmes, puisque les revenus des femmes sont, en moyenne, considérablement inférieurs à ceux des hommes. De la même manière, les réductions des taux d'impôt en général et des taux d'impôt des personnes morales ne profitent pas vraiment aux femmes, puisque ces réductions n'ont peu ou pas d'impact à l'endroit des personnes à faible revenu et avec peu de capital. Hasson démontre que l'effet cumulatif de tels changements de taux d'impôt qui ont commencé en 2003 et dont la mise en oeuvre est censée s'échelonner jusqu'à l'année d'imposition 2016, va invariablement désavantager les femmes salariées durant treize ans au total.
Trust with Private and Common Property: Effects of Stronger Property Right Entitlements
Authors: Cox James C. , Hall Daniel T.
Published: November 2010

Is mutually beneficial cooperation in trust games more prevalent with private property or common property? Does the strength of property right entitlement affect the answer? Cox, Ostrom, Walker, et al. [1] report little difference between cooperation in private and common property trust games. We assign stronger property right entitlements by requiring subjects to meet a performance quota in a real effort task to earn their endowments. We report experiment treatments with sequential choice and strategy responses. We find that cooperation is lower in common property trust games than in private property trust games, which is an idiosyncratic prediction of revealed altruism theory [2]. Demonstrable differences and similarities between our strategy response and sequential choice data provide insight into the how these protocols can yield different results from hypothesis tests even when they are eliciting the same behavioral patterns across treatments.
Establishment and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Cell Culture Model of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)
Authors: Bauer Verena L. , Hieber Ludwig , Schaeffner Quirin , Weber Johannes , Braselmann Herbert , Huber Reinhard , Walch Axel , Zitzelsberger Horst
Published: November 2010

Cytogenetic analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) established several biomarkers that have been correlated to clinical parameters during the past years. Adequate cell culture model systems are required for functional studies investigating those potential prognostic markers in HNSCC. We have used a cell line, CAL 33, for the establishment of a cell culture model in order to perform functional analyses of interesting candidate genes and proteins. The cell line was cytogenetically characterized using array CGH, spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). As a starting point for the investigation of genetic markers predicting radiosensitivity in tumor cells, irradiation experiments were carried out and radiation responses of CAL 33 have been determined. Radiosensitivity of CAL 33 cells was intermediate when compared to published data on tumor cell lines.
Oligomerization of 3,5-Dimethyl Benzyl Alcohol Promoted by Clay: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Morales-Serna José Antonio , López-Duran Luis E. , Castro Miguel , Sansores Luis E. , Zolotukhin Mikhail , Salmón Manuel
Published: November 2010

Linear oligomerization of 3,5-dimethyl benzyl alcohol is induced by a montmorillonite clay (Tonsil Optimum Extra), producing 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-9,10-dihydro-anthracene, which, by loss of protons results in the product 1,3,5,7-tetramethylanthracene. It was also found that the compounds 4-(3´,5´-dimethylbenzyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracece and 4-(3´,5´-dimethylbenzyl)-1,3,5,7-tetra-methylanthracene were formed from 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene. 1,3,5,7-Tetramethylanthryl radical cation was formed from 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene; it was characterized by Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). On the other hand, a theoretical analysis was performed, allowing the rationalization of the observed products and some of the key reaction steps.
Research on Detection of Micro Plastic Gear Tooth Based on Dummy Circle Scan Method
Authors: Zhang Zhen Xiang , Wang Kun , Yang Xun , Chen Lian Qing
Published: November 2010

The quality of micro plastic gears was inspected with the image recognition technology herein. Focusing on the situation that gears’ defects were uncertain, the construction of computer vision system and the theories, technologies of digital image acquisition, image preprocessing, image segmentation as well as the sub-pixel location theory were studied thoroughly. A dummy circle scan method is presented to realize the gear tooth inspection, and the results indicate that it can meet request on the automatic inspection of micro plastic gears.
Research on Improving TII Performances of IEEE 1451 Smart Sensors
Authors: Huang Guo Jian , Liu Gui Xiong , Chen Geng Xin , Chen Tie Qun
Published: November 2010

This paper analyzes the performance of IEEE 1451 networked smart sensors and then points out that its transmission bottleneck is its TII. According to the various practical techniques of TII, this paper analyzes the timing sequence and the data wire utilization ratio of TII protocol. It presents two practical methods in different applications, including the transmission mode of transferring 16 or 32 bits data after NACK transition and the method of increasing the cache size reasonably. The TII model is established in LabVIEW and used for simulating and testing the proposal methods. Results show that, compared with the ordinary TII model, the average data transmission rate of the transmission mode of transferring 16 or 32 bits data after NACK transition increases in 20.72% and 30.62%, while their delay-time decreases 23.64% and 35.41%. Using the method of increasing the cache size, the average data transmission rate increases, but the delay-time also increases.
Research on Inner Circle of Micro Plastic Gear Based on Sub-Pixel Location
Authors: Chen Lian Qing , Wang Kun , Gao Li Guo
Published: November 2010

Due to the situation that gears’ defects are uncertain, the paper achieved the rough location of micro plastic gears’ inner circular contour by the method of determining-circle-with- three-points. The experiments showed that the running time by the new method is greatly reduced than that by the traditional Hough transform, and it can provide the primary dates for the sub-pixel location. Colligating the dimensionality reduction gray moment operator and the least square circle, the sub-pixel location of the inner circle centre was realized and the sub-pixel location precision was improved by applying the 3σ iteration algorithm. The results indicate that it can meet request on the automatic inspection of micro plastic gears.
Research on Modeling of Ball-End Cutter for Virtual NC Machining
Authors: Ge Jiang Hua , Zhang Ping , Sui Xiu Lin , Zhao Ping
Published: November 2010

In this paper, a new mathematical model and modeling method of ball-end milling cutter which satisfies the request of physical simulation in virtual NC machining system are proposed. The accurate expressions of the cutting edge are presented. The precise functional surface model of ball-end cutter is developed. And the 3-D visualization for ball-end milling cutter in virtual NC machining is implemented. The model can provide necessary and accurate geometric information for physical simulation and has been applied in milling force simulation. It laid the foundation for integration of geometric simulation and physical simulation.
Research on Multi-Organization Collaborative Design Based on QFD
Authors: Tu Jian Fei
Published: November 2010

Converting the customer demand to the design requirement of new product exactly is a very important link in multi-organizational collaborative design. In the multi-organizational collaborative design, however, inconsistent understandings of different members towards customer demands often cause failure of objectively and perfectly realizing the conversion. In this paper, the influence and effect of Quality Function Deployment upon the multi-organizational collaborative design is analyzed. It also probes into applicable way of applying QFD in the multi-organizational collaborative design. The QFD-based model, including confirmation of customer demands, decomposition of the collaborative design tasks and realization of the collaborative design tasks, is put forward and elaborated with profound illustration.
Research on Ordering of Organization Structure for Cooperative Product Development Based on Comentropy
Authors: Wang Min , Feng Ren Yu , Feng Xiao Mei , Luo Su Jun
Published: November 2010

It is an important form of new product development for cooperative product development basing on resource integration. Ordering of cooperative product development is the guarantee of efficiently operation and the foundation of organization design and selection. In this paper, the organization structure of cooperative product development is analyzed; the ordering of distributed organization structure is studied from the standpoint of comentropy. The reference is provided for design, selection and optimization of cooperative organization structure.
Research on Rocker-Style Elevator with Strong Lunar Surface Adaptability
Authors: Li Kui , Liu Rong Qiang , Jiang Sheng Yuan , Deng Zong Quan
Published: November 2010

The function of the elevator is to help a lunar rover arrive at lunar surface from the top of a lander after landing. So the performance of it determines that whether lunar rover can arrive at the lunar surface successfully. Different compress extent of the lander leg and complicated condition of landing location make elevator design more difficult. The movement rule of rocker-arm style elevator was found after synthesizing the requirement on all kinds of unloading conditions, and the elevator was designed to meet the rule. Experiment results show that it meets the requirement of the lunar rover unloading and has higher lunar surface adaptability.
Research on the Flow Characteristics of Polymer Injection Molding under Ultrasonic Vibration and Plastics’ Mechanical Strength
Authors: Li Ji Bin , Xu Ke Ke , Lin Xin Bo , Wu Xiao Yu , Gao Guo Li
Published: November 2010

In this paper, ultrasonic vibration is adopted and exerted on injection molding in order to improve plastics’ forming ability, and the impact testing is used to analyze different injection parts’ mechanical properties. On the one hand, experiments prove that ultrasonic vibration can increase polymer’s melt flow rate, decrease melt viscosity, and improve injection flowing in mould cavity. On the other hand, the mechanical tests prove that the ultrasonic vibration can improve plastics’ tensile strength, elastic modulus and other mechanical properties. As a result, a weldless ultrasound-assisted injection molding method is recommended.
Research on Torsional Vibration of the Propulsion Shafting Gear System Based on an Extended Lumped Parameter Model
Authors: Xu Xiang , Zhou Rui Ping
Published: November 2010

In this paper, gear dynamics theory has been introduced into the torsional vibration calculation of the marine propulsion shafting. The vibration equations of a marine gearbox were established using an extended lumped parameter model through reasonably adjusting the parameters to get the natural frequency of marine gearbox shafting gear system. The solution of the equations shows that under normal condition, the natural frequency of gear meshing transmission is high and the gearbox itself will not affect the torsional resonance. Then a virtual prototype model of marine gearbox was built by the use of ADAMAS software. The simulation results show that the proposed method could reflect the actual torsional vibration correctly. Thus, the analysis method presented in this work is available for the torsional vibration calculation of the marine gearbox.
Simulation and Analysis on the Direct Shearing of Semi-Fixed Abrasive Tool
Authors: Ma Xin , Deng Qian Fa , Lv Bing Hai , Hu Yong Liang , Yuan Ju Long
Published: November 2010

This paper firstly summarizes two-dimensional numerical simulation of semi-fixed abrasive tool (SFAT), then three-dimensional model of SFAT is established by PFC3D (Particle Flow Code in 3 Dimensions). In order to make the compression ratio simulation match to experimental one about SFAT, the mechanical parameters of model are adjusted. In the direct shearing simulation, the relation between the shear stress and the horizontal shear displacement under different parallel bond stiffness are obtained. By Comparative Analysis the numerical results and test experiments of the direct shearing, the three-dimensional model of SFAT is further proven rational.
Simulation of Load-Displacement Relationship for Specially Shaped RC Columns
Authors: Qu Fu Lai , Zhao Shun Bo , Zhang Shi Min
Published: November 2010

In order to study the seismic behavior of specially shaped reinforced concrete (RC) columns, thirteen specimens were tested under low amplitude cyclic load. The variables studied in this program included limb length, axial load ratio, angle of horzontal load and stirrup ratio. Through the test, the load-displacement relationships of the specially shaped RC columns were obtained. By considering the length of plastic hinge, a numerical analysis method based on fiber model was adopted for estimating the nonlinear behavior of specially shaped RC columns, and a computer program was developed to simulate the load-displacement skeleton curves of these columns. Finally, the calculated results were compared with experimental data, and they agreed well with each other. The method was convenient for predicting the nonlinear behavior of specially shaped RC columns in earthquake.
Simulation of Test Loads on Aqueduct with Multi-Longitudinal Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Zhao Shun Bo , Guan Jun Feng , Li Xiao Ke
Published: November 2010

The mechanical behaviors of prototype and simulated model of reinforced concrete aqueduct with multi-longitudinal beams were analyzed by 3D FEM. The regularity of structural deformation and concrete stress of the aqueducts were studied, what influenced by the surface force instead of dead weight and the equivalent concentrated load or ladder load instead of lateral water load. The rationality of the loading method for aqueduct model test is evaluated. It shows that the ladder surface pressure is superior to concentrated loads to simulate the lateral water load, and the equivalent dead loads can be added reasonably to simulate the additional self-weight of model.
Solar Cell Surface Texturing Combined Wet Etching and Ultrasonic Vibration
Authors: Chao Yan , Wu Yu Tao , Yu Jie , Wu Li Qun
Published: November 2010

With the development of economy and society, more and more energy is needed to meet the requirement of industries and social life. It is necessary to find new types of energy that is clear, high effective and non-polluted. Although wet etching is widely used in industries to prepare the silicon surface texture, the etching process is stochastic and the influence light is trapping. Many efforts have been made, such as adjusting the proportion of different acids, to improve the quality of silicon surface by wet etching, the effectiveness is still limited. In this paper, a new approach is presented to prepare the surface texturing. By combining wet etching and ultrasonic vibration, the sodium or acid molecular motion can be controlled, and the pyramid structure in silicon surface can be made regular.
Stochastic Optimal Dispatch of Power System under Extreme Weather Disaster
Authors: Zhang Yong Xi , Yang Hong Ming , Dong Zhao Yang , Lai Ming Yong
Published: November 2010

Several large scale failures of power system took place due to extreme weather disaster recent years, which aroused the consideration of power network security operation. Considering that the line failure events caused by natural disaster presented random characteristic, using Poisson distribution theory to depict the probability of line failure, a stochastic power system optimal dispatch model based on chance constraints theory was also proposed. We adopted the Differential Evolution algorithm to calculate the total loss based on Monte-Carlo simulation. The results of IEEE 9-bus case study imply that the dispatch model will give full consideration of weather effects, and provide a more reasonable dispatch plan for power system disaster prevention and reduction.
Study and Simulation for Optimization Plan of the Fluidization Quality of the Bulk Cement Tanker Device
Authors: Pei Wei Chi , Li Yao Gang , Han Ju
Published: November 2010

The paper is focused on some types of bulk cement tank truck, proposed to several research programs to improve the fluidization quality. The fluidization models of the fluidized bed were created in the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software FLUENT, which were then used for simulation for an improved fluidization process, and finally the fluidization quality was analyzed. To improve the quality of fluidization for the bulk cement tanker, the paper also synthesized all the programs which proposed and simulated in FLUENT. The simulation results show that the fluidization quality of the cement in tanker may be improved by adopting 40° side splitter board, with curve fluidization board substituting rectangle board, as well as by using larger gas inlet velocity. The improvement of their structure in the original basis of bulk materials vehicles can improve their serviceability and work efficiency.
Study on Geometric Tolerances Information in Integrated Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Chao Yan , Zhang Hai Feng , Wu Li Qun
Published: November 2010

Tolerance information plays a critical role in many steps of the product life cycle. It is especially important due to the advances in Internet technologies and increasing integration requirements from industry. In this paper, geometric tolerances information in manufacturing process (IMP) is studied, and the layered conformance level of geometric tolerances is established according to ASME Y14.5-1994, STEP and DMIS. An EXPRESS-G data model of geometric tolerance information in IMP is established. The XML language is used to represent and program the geometric tolerances information in IMP.
Analysis of Grinding Parameters on Hardness Layer Depth
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xu Xiao Hui , Yang Chun Feng
Published: November 2010

The dissipated heat in grinding is utilized to induce martensitic phase transformation and strengthen the unhardened steel in grinding, which can be integrated into existing production lines. The orthogonal experiments were performed to analyze the main impacting factors and the rule between the parameters and hardness layer results. The surface hardness depth is varied with different surface zone. Cutting depth is the main factor of impacting the surface hardness and hardness layer depth. Hardness layer depth is higher with the cutting depth deeper and smaller with Table speed faster, but the surface hardness is higher with the Table speed faster.
Study on the Transmissible Torque of HSK-E50 Toolholder-Spindle Interface
Authors: Lu Yong , Huang Chong Qiang , Wang Jian
Published: November 2010

This paper introduces a methodology to evaluate and calculate the transmissible torque of the HSK-E tool system based on FEM. Calculation method of the transmissible torque and building of the FEM analysis model was first introduced. Using the model to analyze the effect of the interference, spindle speed, and drawbar force on the stress distributions of the contact surfaces of toolholder-spindle interface, then the transmissible torque is finally calculated. The results show that the HSK-E tool system satisfies high speed cutting requirements provided that reasonable parameters of the interference and the drawbar force are designed.
Study on the Working Performance of 45# Mechanical Element with Ni-P-Co Alloy Coating
Authors: Li Xiao Zhou
Published: November 2010

The working performance of Ni-P-Co alloy coating on the tooth surface of gears made from mechanical element of 45# steel was carried out. The experimental process on Ni-P-Co alloy coating was described. Several experimental results on the alloy coating such as surface shape, material element, metallographic structure, the adhesive strength between Ni-P-Co coating and 45# steel substrate, the shape characteristic of fatigue pitting and micro-hardness were analyzed. It is shown that the contact fatigue life and strength of steel gears with Ni-P-Co alloy coating is increased.
The Application and Research of Solenoid Pump in the Steam Appliances
Authors: Huang Xin Wei , Xie Zhi Bin , Shen Hai Jun
Published: November 2010

Solenoid pump is widely used in the steam appliances. It is important to have a good understanding and research on the solenoid pump for its structural design and function design. The paper made a preliminary theoretical analysis to the problem of the flue attenuation of the solenoid pump and a preliminary verification through an experimental data. Through the understanding of the feature of the solenoid pump, it can make the design of the steam appliances more successfully.
The Application of Slice Method in Cutting Simulation
Authors: Li Qing , Li Lin , Li Jing Cai , Guo Yu
Published: November 2010

In order to solve the problems existing in geometric simulation of cutting process, slice segmentation method was presented in this paper. The instantaneous shape of roughcasts which are cut can be represented by the characteristics set that can be obtained through proper slice of machined parts and the intersection calculation of cutter and machined parts. By using this method, the accurate result of intersection calculation can be accurate and be gotten rapidly. Besides, because this method is based on visual C++ and OpenGL, it can be isolated from the commercial software. The method is proved to be feasible by the cutting simulation example of cylinder gears and bevel gears.
The Approaches of Cultivating and Improving Design Students’ DQ
Authors: Liu Gang
Published: November 2010

As we all know everyone has IQ (Intelligence Quotient) and EQ (Emotion Quotient), but for designers DQ (Design Quotient) is much more important than the IQ and EQ. In this paper first the DQ situation of students major in Product Design in China is analyzed, and then the qualities required for studying design are explained in depth. There are two design qualities, one is Innate Quality (character factors), and the other is Acquired Quality (study factors). Finally the approaches of cultivating and improving design students’ DQ are discussed in detail from two levels—Concrete level and Metaphysical level.