bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process Mining/Deep Learning Model to Predict Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Ashrafi Negin , Abdollahi Armin , Placencia Greg , Pishgar Maryam
Published: June 2024

Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are at high risk of death. CAD is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, there is a lack of research concerning CAD patient mortality prediction; thus, more accurate prediction modeling is needed to predict the mortality of patients diagnosed with CAD. This paper demonstrates performance improvements in predicting the mortality of CAD patients. The proposed framework is a modification of the work used for the prediction of 30-day readmission for ICU patients with heart failure. Our framework demonstrates better performance with an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) score of 0.871 for the Neural Network (NN) model compared to traditional baseline machine learning models that we developed. Our framework uses the medical history of patients, the time related to the variables, and patients’ demographic information for prediction. This framework has the potential to be used by medical teams to make more accurate decisions for treatment and care for patients with CAD, increasing their life expectancy.
Simultaneous enumeration of yeast and bacterial cells in the context of industrial bioprocesses
Authors: Martins Carolina Teixeira , Jacobus Ana Paula , Conceição Renilson , Barbin Douglas Fernandes. , Bolini Helena , Gombert Andreas Karoly
Published: June 2024

In scenarios where yeast and bacterial cells coexist, e.g. the food and bioethanol industries, it would be of interest to simultaneously quantify the concentrations of both cell types, since traditional methods used to determine these concentrations individually take more time and resources. Here, we compared different methods for quantifying the fuel ethanolSaccharomyces cerevisiaePE-2 yeast strain and cells from the probioticLactiplantibacillus plantarumstrain in microbial suspensions. Individual suspensions were prepared (∼107, yeast cells/mL or ∼109, bacterial cells/mL) and mixed in 1:1 or 100:1 yeast-to-bacteria ratios, covering the range typically encountered in sugarcane biorefineries. The following methods were used: bright field microscopy, manual and automatic Spread-plate and Drop-plate counting, flow cytometry (at 1:1 and 100:1 ratios), and a Coulter counter (at 1:1 and 100:1 ratios). By subjecting the same mixed cell suspension to each technique, we observed that for yeast cell counts in the mixture (1:1 and 100:1 ratios), flow cytometry, the Coulter counter, and both Spread-plate options (manual and automatic CFU counting) yielded statistically similar results, while the Drop-plate and microscopy-based methods gave statistically different results. For bacterial cell quantification, the microscopy-based method, Drop-plate, and both Spread-plate plating options and flow cytometry (1:1 ratio) produced no significantly different results (P>0.05). In contrast, the Coulter counter (1:1 ratio) and flow cytometry (100:1 ratio) presented results statistically different (P<0.05). Additionally, quantifying bacterial cells in a mixed suspension at a 100:1 ratio wasn’t possible due to an observed overlap between yeast cell debris and bacterial cells. The results from this work indicate that each method has limitations, advantages, and disadvantages, meaning that the best option will always depend on the application. We present a comparison of the techniques, in terms of time-to-results, cost of analysis and equipment, range of detectable cell/particle diameters, adequacy for simultaneous enumeration, and general pros and cons.

Graphical Abstract

This study compares methods for simultaneously quantifying yeast and bacterial cells in a mixed sample, highlighting that in different cell proportions, some methods cannot quantify both cell types and present distinct advantages and limitations regarding time, cost, and precision.
Structure of the human K2P13.1(THIK-1) channel reveals a novel hydrophilic pore restriction and lipid cofactor site
Authors: Roy-Chowdhury Shatabdi , Jang Seil , Abderemane-Ali Fayal , Naughton Fiona , Grabe Michael , Minor Daniel L.
Published: June 2024

The halothane-inhibited K2Pleak potassium channel K2P13.1 (THIK-1)1–3is found in diverse cells1,4including neurons1,5and microglia6–8where it affects surveillance6, synaptic pruning7, phagocytosis7, and inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1β release6,8,9. As with many K2Ps1,5,10–14and other voltage-gated ion channel (VGIC) superfamily members3,15,16, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) lipids modulate K2P13.1 (THIK-1)1,5,14,17via a poorly understood mechanism. Here, we present cryo-electronmicroscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human K2P13.1 (THIK-1) and mutants in lipid nanodiscs and detergent. These reveal that, unlike other K2Ps13,18–24, K2P13.1 (THIK-1) has a two-chamber aqueous inner cavity obstructed by a M4 transmembrane helix tyrosine (Tyr273, the flow restrictor). This hydrophilic barrier can be opened by an activatory mutation, S136P25, at natural break in the M2 transmembrane helix and by intrinsic channel dynamics. The structures also reveal a buried lipid in the P1/M4 intersubunit interface at a location, the PUFA site, that coincides with the TREK subfamily K2Pmodulator pocket for small molecule agonists18,26,27. This overlap, together with the effects of mutation on K2P13.1 (THIK-1) PUFA responses, indicates that the PUFA site lipids are K2P13.1 (THIK-1) cofactors. Comparison with the PUFA-responsive VGIC Kv7.1 (KCNQ1)28–31reveals a shared role for the equivalent pore domain intersubunit interface in lipid modulation, providing a framework for dissecting the effects of PUFAs on the VGIC superfamily. Our findings reveal the unique architecture underlying K2P13.1 (THIK-1) function, highlight the importance of the P1/M4 interface in control of K2Ps by both natural and synthetic agents, and should aid development of THIK subfamily modulators for diseases such as neuroinflammation6,32and autism6.
Purkinje Cell-specific Deficiency in SEL1L-HRD1 Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation Causes Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia in Mice
Authors: Torres Mauricio , Wang Hui , Pederson Brent , Lin Liangguang Leo , Wang Huilun H. , Bugarin-Lapuz Amara , Zhao Zhen , Qi Ling
Published: June 2024

Recent studies have identified multiple genetic variants of SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation (ERAD) in humans with neurodevelopmental disorders and locomotor dysfunctions, including ataxia. However, the relevance and importance of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in the pathogenesis of ataxia remain unexplored. Here we show that SEL1L deficiency in Purkinje cells leads to early-onset progressive cerebellar ataxia with progressive loss of Purkinje cells with age. Mice with Purkinje cell-specific deletion of SEL1L (Sel1LPcp2Cre) exhibit motor dysfunction beginning around 9 weeks of age. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals dilated ER and fragmented nuclei in Purkinje cells of adultSel1LPcp2Cremice, indicative of altered ER homeostasis and cell death. Lastly, loss of Purkinje cells is associated with a secondary neurodegeneration of granular cells, as well as robust activation of astrocytes and proliferation of microglia, in the cerebellum ofSel1LPcp2Cremice. These data demonstrate the pathophysiological importance of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in Purkinje cells in the pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia.

One-sentence summary

SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD is indispensable for Purkinje cell function and cerebellar ataxia pathogenesis in mice.
The Enterococcal Polysaccharide Antigen: from structure to biosynthesis and function
Authors: Davis Jessica L , Norwood Joshua S , Smith Robert E , O’Dea Finn , Chellappa Krishna , Rowe Michelle L , Williamson Mike P , Stafford Graham P , Vinogradov Evguenii , Maes Emmanuel , Guérardel Yann , Mesnage Stéphane
Published: June 2024

L-Rhamnose-containing polysaccharides are produced by Streptococci and Enterococci. They define Lancefield serotypes and represent promising candidates for the design of glycoconjugate vaccines. The Enterococcal Polysaccharide Antigen produced by the opportunistic pathogenEnterococcus faecalisplays a critical role in normal growth, division, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, phage susceptibility, and innate immune evasion. Despite the critical role of this polymer forE. faecalisphysiology and host-pathogen interactions, little information is available on its structure and biosynthesis. Here, we elucidate the structure of the intact EPA produced byE. faecalisOG1RF. We report the structure of the linkage unit, revealing an unprecedented complexity of the rhamnose backbone and decorations. Finally, we explore the impact of several EPA structural modifications on innate immune evasion and recognition by bacteriophages. This work represents a first step towards the functional characterisation of EPA for the rational design of therapeutic strategies against a group of important pathogens.
A detailed analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and conventional PCR-based testing for the diagnosis of bacterial pathogens and discovery of novel bacteria
Authors: Li Mei-Na , Wang Ting , Wang Nan , Han Qiang , You Xue-Ming , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Cui-Cui , Shi Yong-Qiang , Qiao Pei-Zhuang , Man Cheng-Lian , Feng Teng , Li Yue-Yue , Zhu Zhuang , Quan Ke-Ji , Xu Teng-Lin , Zhang George Fei
Published: June 2024

This study represents the first analysis of the bacterial community in chickens affected by swollen head syndrome, utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Samples were obtained from clinical laying chickens and were examined for the presence ofAvibacterium paragallinarum(APG) andOrnithobacterium rhinotracheale(ORT) using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the samples, five APG-positive (APG) and APG-negative (N-APG) samples were chosen, along with five specific pathogen-free chickens, for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results showed that APG and ORT were widely detected in the chicken samples with swollen head syndrome (SHS, 9/10), while APG was detected in all five specific pathogen-free (SPF) samples. In contrast, conventional PCR sensitivity was found to be inadequate for diagnosis, with only 35.7% (5/14) and 11.1% (1/9) sensitivity for APG and ORT, respectively, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was able to quantify the bacteria in the samples, revealing that the relative abundance of APG in the APG group ranged from 2.7% to 81.3%, while the relative abundance of APG in the N-APG group ranged from 0.1% to 21.0%. Notably, a low level of APG was also detected in all 5 SPF samples. The study also identified a significant number of animal and human common bacterial pathogens, including but not limited toGallibacterium anatis,Riemerella columbina,Enterococcus cecorum, Mycoplasma synoviae,Helicobacter hepaticus, andStaphylococcus lentus. In conclusion, 16S rRNA gene sequencing is a valuable tool for bacterial pathogen diagnosis and the discovery of novel bacterial pathogens, while conventional PCR is not reliable for diagnosis.
Identification of novel broad host-range promoter sequences functional in diversePseudomonadotaby a promoter-trap approach
Authors: Roldán Diego M. , Amarelle Vanesa
Published: June 2024

Finding novel promoter sequences is a cornerstone of synthetic biology. To contribute to the expanding catalog of biological parts, we employed a promoter-trap approach to identify novel sequences within an Antarctic microbial community that act as broad host-range promoters functional in diversePseudomonadota. UsingPseudomonas putidaKT2440 as host, we generated a library comprising approximately 2,000 clones resulting in the identification of thirteen functional promoter sequences, thereby expanding the genetic toolkit available for this chassis. Some of the discovered promoter sequences prove to be broad host-range as they drove gene expression not only inP. putidaKT2440 but also inEscherichia coliDH5α,Cupriavidus taiwanensisR1T,Paraburkholderia phymatumSTM 815T,Ensifer meliloti1021, and an indigenous Antarctic bacterium,Pseudomonassp. UYIF39. Our findings enrich the existing catalog of biological parts, offering a repertoire of broad host-range promoter sequences that exhibit functionality across diverse members of the phylumPseudomonadota,proving Antarctic microbial community as a valuable resource for prospecting new biological parts for synthetic biology.
Predictive and Experimental Motif Interaction Analysis Identifies Functions of the WNK-OSR1/SPAK Pathway
Authors: Taylor Clinton A , Jung Ji-Ung , Kankanamalage Sachith Gallolu , Li Justin , Grzemska Magdalena , Jaykumar Ankita B. , Earnest Svetlana , Stippec Steve , Saha Purbita , Sauceda Eustolia , Cobb Melanie H.
Published: June 2024

The WNK-OSR1/SPAK protein kinase signaling pathway regulates ion homeostasis and cell volume, but its other functions are poorly understood. To uncover undefined signaling functions of the pathway we analyzed the binding specificity of the conserved C-terminal (CCT) domains of OSR1 and SPAK to find all possible interaction motifs in human proteins. These kinases bind the core consensus sequences R-F-x-V/I and R-x-F-x-V/I. Motifs were ranked based on sequence, conservation, cellular localization, and solvent accessibility. Out of nearly 3,700 motifs identified, 90% of previously published motifs were within the top 2% of those predicted. Selected candidates (TSC22D1, CAVIN1, ATG9A, NOS3, ARHGEF5) were tested. Upstream kinases WNKs 1-4 and their close relatives, the pseudokinases NRBP1/2, contain CCT-like domains as well. We identified additional distinct motif variants lacking the conserved arginine previously thought to be required, and found that the NRBP1 CCT-like domain binds TSC22D1 via the same motif as OSR1 and SPAK. Our results further highlight the rich and diverse functionality of CCT and CCT-like domains in connecting WNK signaling to cellular processes.
Body fat and human cardiovascular ageing
Authors: Losev Vladimir , Lu Chang , Senevirathne Deva S , Inglese Paolo , Bai Wenjia , King Andrew P , Shah Mit , de Marvao Antonio , O’Regan Declan P
Published: June 2024

Objective

Cardiovascular ageing is a progressive loss of physiological reserve, modified by environmental and genetic risk factors, that contributes to multi-morbidity due to accumulated damage across diverse cell types, tissues and organs. Obesity is implicated in premature ageing but the effect of body fat distribution in humans is unknown. Here we assessed the association between image-derived adiposity phenotypes on cardiovascular age in men and women.

Methods

We analysed data from 21,241 participants in UK Biobank. Machine learning was used to predict cardiovascular age from 126 image-derived traits of vascular function, cardiac motion and myocardial fibrosis. An age-delta was calculated as the difference between predicted age and chronological age. The volume and distribution of body fat was assessed from whole body imaging. The association between adiposity phenotypes and cardiovascular age-delta was assessed using multivariable linear regression with age and sex as co-covariates, reporting β coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Two-sample Mendelian randomisation was used to assess causal associations.

Results

Visceral adipose tissue volume (β = 0.656, [95% CI, 0.537 - 0.755],P< 0.0001), muscle adipose tissue infiltration (β = 0.183, [95% CI, 0.122 - 0.244],P= 0.0003), and liver fat fraction (β = 1.066, [95% CI 0.835 - 1.298],P< 0.0001) were the strongest predictors of increased cardiovascular age-delta for both sexes. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (β = 0.688, [95% CI, 0.64 - 1.325],P< 0.0001) was associated with increased age-delta only in males. Genetically-predicted gluteo-femoral fat showed an association with decreased age-delta.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates the contribution of sex-dependent patterns of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat distribution to biological cardiovascular ageing in middle aged adults. This highlights the potential for strategies to attenuate ageing through modifying adipose tissue function.
Rapid Point-of-Care Exhaled Breath Analysis for Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using a Micro Gas Chromatography System: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cheng Xingxing , Feng Yong , Chen Sai , Zhang Han , Chen Ruiping , Xu Bo , Hu Xiao , Wei Wei , Chen Zhenguang , Geng Qian , Wang Junqi
Published: June 2024

The study investigates the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for lung cancer (LC). Employing a novel micro gas chromatography-micro photoionisation detector (μGC-μPID) system, we aimed to identify and validate VOCs that could differentiate between LC patients and those with benign pulmonary diseases. The cross-sectional study included 106 participants, categorized into 85 LC patients and 21 benign controls, based on computed tomography and histological assessments. Participants provided breath samples following a standardized protocol, and the μGC-μPID system, known for its rapid point-of-care capabilities and low detection limits, was utilized for rapid and sensitive online VOC analysis. Through a meticulous process of data analysis, including principal component analysis, single-factor hypothesis testing, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and various tests of machine learning algorithms, including random forest, k-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, XGBoost, and support vector machine, we finally identified six potential VOC biomarkers, with diagnostic models incorporating these markers achieving high sensitivity (0.95-1.00) and specificity (0.84-0.88), and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.79 to 0.91. Moreover, these models were also extended favourably to the recurrence and metastasis of pulmonary cancer and oesophageal cancer. The study demonstrates the potential of μGC-μPID as a point-of-care tool for LC differential diagnosis, highlighting the need for further validation in larger, multi-centric cohorts to refine the VOC biomarker panel and establish a robust diagnostic framework for clinical application.
WITHDRAWN: Intravaginal artesunate pessaries for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in Kenya: Study protocol for a pilot trial
Authors: Mungo Chemtai , Sorgi Katherine , Hoch Caroline , Tang Jennifer , Rahangdale Lisa , Omoto Jackton
Published: June 2024

Withdrawal Statement

The authors have withdrawn this manuscript because the article was posted prior to consultation from all relevant collaborators. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
TCTEX1D2 has two distinct functions in sperm flagellum formation in mice; cytoplasmic dynein 2 and inner dynein arm
Authors: Harima Ryua , Hara Kenshiro , Tanemura Kentaro
Published: June 2024

Flagella and cilia are widely conserved motile structures. Mammalian sperm possess flagella, which confer motility to the sperm and, therefore, are essential for fertilization. Large protein complexes called dynein, including cytoplasmic dynein 2 and axonemal dynein, play a role in the formation of cilia and flagella. The function of each dynein complex subunit in sperm flagellum formation is unclear. One such subunit is TCTEX1D2.Tctex1d2−/−mice generated in this study showed male infertility because of flagellar dysplasia arising from round spermatids and disruption of the axonemal structure inside the flagella. In contrast, the motile cilia ofTctex1d2−/−mice were normal. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that TCTEX1D2 interacted with the cytoplasmic dynein 2 component proteins WDR34, WDR60, and DYNLT1 in the testes and that the localization of these proteins was abnormal inTctex1d2−/−mice. Furthermore, TCTEX1D2 also interacted with WDR63 and WDR78, component proteins of the inner dynein arm, which is axonemal dynein. Overall, we revealed that TCTEX1D2 has two distinct functions in mouse sperm flagellum formation the assembly of cytoplasmic dynein 2 and organization of inner dynein arm which is not the case in cilia formation where TCTEX1D2 functions only as cytoplasmic dynein 2.
Discovery of ester-linked ubiquitylation of PARP10 mono-ADP-ribosylation in cells: a dual post-translational modification on Glu/Asp side chains
Authors: Bejan Daniel S , Lacoursiere Rachel E , Pruneda Jonathan N , Cohen Michael S
Published: June 2024

The prevailing view on post-translational modifications (PTMs) is that amino acid side chains in proteins are modified with a single PTM at any given time. However, a growing body of work has demonstrated crosstalk between different PTMs, some occurring on the same residue. Such interplay is seen with ADP-ribosylation and ubiquitylation, where specialized E3 ligases ubiquitylate targets for proteasomal degradation in an ADP-ribosylation-dependent manner. More recently, the DELTEX family of E3 ligases was reported to catalyze ubiquitylation of the 3’- hydroxy group of the adenine-proximal ribose of free NAD+and ADP-ribosein vitro, generating a non-canonical ubiquitin ester-linked species. In this report, we show, for the first time, that this dual PTM occurs in cells on mono-ADP-ribosylated (MARylated) PARP10 on Glu/Asp sites to form a MAR ubiquitin ester (MARUbe). We term this processmono-ADP-ribosylubiquitylationor MARUbylation. Using chemical and enzymatic treatments, including a newly characterized bacterial deubiquitinase with esterase-specific activity, we discovered that PARP10 MARUbylation is extended with K11-linked polyubiquitin chains. Finally, mechanistic studies using proteasomal and ubiquitin-activating enzyme inhibitors demonstrated that PARP10 MARUbylation leads to its proteasomal degradation, providing a functional role for this new PTM in regulating protein turnover.
The long non-coding RNA NEAT1 regulates the transcriptional landscape of cardiomyocytes
Authors: Pant Priyanka , Sivakumar Prakash , Nanda Disha , Ram N Sai , Dhandapany Perundurai , Thum Thomas , Kumarswamy Regalla
Published: June 2024

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in fine-tuning the gene expression. In the present study, we identified that the lncRNA NEAT1 is upregulated in failing murine hearts and in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Further investigations demonstrated that NEAT1 expression is regulated by calcium dependent NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). Overexpression of NEAT1 led to increased cardiomyocyte size and elevated expression of cardiac stress markers while its depletion had the opposite effect. Through transcriptomic analysis in NEAT1-KO cells, we demonstrated the cis-regulatory role of NEAT1, wherein it maintains the transcription of neighboring genes by interacting with the coactivator p300. Additionally, NEAT1 depletion resulted in decreased expression of GRK2 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2), a key player in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that NEAT1 contributes to the development of cardiac hypertrophy by regulating GRK2 expression. Consistent with this, Neat1-/-mice are resistant to β-adrenergic stimulation. Overall, our study provides enough evidence that NEAT1 is a calcium-regulated, pro-hypertrophic lncRNA that exerts significant control over the transcriptional landscape of cardiomyocytes during heart failure.
Control of the signaling of RAS proteins by modulating their palmitoylation
Authors: Zhu Jiakai , Guo Ruiying , Hu Qi
Published: June 2024

Small GTPases, such as the RAS family proteins, are key regulators of cell proliferation and oncogenesis. S-palmitoylation, a reversible post-translational modification catalyzed by ZDHHC enzymes, plays an important role in the regulation of many small GTPases by modulating their subcellular localization. However, development of chemical tools to modulate S-palmitoylation remains challenging due to the redundancy and poor druggability of ZDHHC enzymes. Here, we developed an approach to control the signaling of RAS proteins by modulating their palmitoylation through fusing acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1) to their N-termini. Usingin vitroand cell assays, we showed that the subcellular localization and signaling of NRAS in the fusion protein can be reversibly controlled by an APT1 inhibitor, ML348. This approach enables the observation of temporal changes in RAS protein localization, providing a useful tool for studying RAS signaling. Furthermore, similar approaches may be used to control the signaling of other small GTPases.
A priority code in presequences: mitochondrial targeting signals assign specific import characteristics to precursor proteins
Authors: Rödl Saskia , Hoffman Yasmin , Jung Felix , Nutz Annika , Egeler Annika , Räschle Markus , Storchova Zuzana , Mühlhaus Timo , Herrmann Johannes M.
Published: June 2024

The biogenesis of mitochondria relies on the import of hundreds of different precursor proteins from the cytosol. Most of these proteins are synthesized with N-terminal presequences which serve as mitochondrial targeting signals. Presequences consistently form amphipathic helices, but they considerably differ in respect to their primary structure and length. Here we show that presequences can be classified into seven different groups based on their specific features. Using a test set of different presequences, we observed that group A presequences endow precursor proteins with improvedin vitroimport characteristics. We developed IQ-Compete (for Import and de-Quenching Competition assay), a novel assay based on fluorescence de-quenching, to monitor the import efficiencies of mitochondrial precursorsin vivo. With this assay, we confirmed the increased import competence of group A presequences. Using mass spectrometry, we found that the presequence of the group A protein Oxa1 specifically recruits the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) containing protein TOMM34 to the cytosolic precursor protein. TOMM34 apparently serves as a presequence-specific targeting factor which increases the import efficiency of a specific subset of mitochondrial precursor proteins. Our results suggest that presequences contain a protein-specific priority code that encrypts the targeting mechanism of individual mitochondrial precursor proteins.
Simultaneous Determination of Fragmentation Functions and Test on Momentum Sum Rule
Authors: Gao Jun , Liu ChongYang , Shen XiaoMin , Xing Hongxi , Zhao Yuxiang
Published: June 2024

We perform a simultaneous global analysis of hadron fragmentation functions (FFs) to various charged hadrons (π±, K±, and p/p¯) at next-to-leading order in QCD. The world data include results from electron-positron single-inclusive annihilation, semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, as well as proton-proton collisions including jet fragmentation measurements for the first time, which lead to strong constraints on the gluon fragmentations. By carefully selecting hadron kinematics to ensure the validity of QCD factorization and the convergence of perturbative calculations, we achieve a satisfying best fit with χ2/d.o.f.=0.90. The total momentum of u,

d

quarks and gluon carried by light charged hadrons have been determined precisely, urging precision determinations of FFs to neutral hadrons for a test of fundamental sum rules in QCD fragmentation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Towards a dependable data set of structures for L-asparaginase research
Authors: Wlodawer Alexander , Dauter Zbigniew , Lubkowski Jacek , Loch Joanna I. , Brzezinski Dariusz , Gilski Miroslaw , Jaskolski Mariusz
Published: June 2024

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) includes a carefully curated treasury of experimentally derived structural data on biological macromolecules and their various complexes. Such information is fundamental for a multitude of projects that involve large-scale data mining and/or detailed evaluation of individual structures of importance to chemistry, biology and, most of all, to medicine, where it provides the foundation for structure-based drug discovery. However, despite extensive validation mechanisms, it is almost inevitable that among the ∼215 000 entries there will occasionally be suboptimal or incorrect structure models. It is thus vital to apply careful verification procedures to those segments of the PDB that are of direct medicinal interest. Here, such an analysis was carried out for crystallographic models of L-asparaginases, enzymes that include approved drugs for the treatment of certain types of leukemia. The focus was on the adherence of the atomic coordinates to the rules of stereochemistry and their agreement with the experimental electron-density maps. Whereas the current clinical application of L-asparaginases is limited to two bacterial proteins and their chemical modifications, the field of investigations of such enzymes has expanded tremendously in recent years with the discovery of three entirely different structural classes and with numerous reports, not always quite reliable, of the anticancer properties of L-asparaginases of different origins.
Strengthening green competitive advantage through organizational learning and green marketing capabilities in a big data environment: a moderated-mediation model
Authors: Zameer Hashim , Wang Ying , Yasmeen Humaira
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Big data capabilities have the potential to completely transform conventional methods of doing business. Nevertheless, the role of big data capabilities in fostering green marketing capabilities and improving green competitive advantage is still not fully understood. To add new knowledge, this paper aims to propose a moderated mediation model to strengthen green competitive advantage in a big data environment. The model introduces both the mediating role of green marketing capabilities and the moderating role of big data capabilities. We developed and empirically tested a moderated mediation model.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, we have adopted a survey-based methodology. The study collected data from 337 managers and empirically analyzed it to test the theoretical model of moderated mediation. We employed structural equation modeling for empirical analysis.

Findings

The findings revealed that organizational learning improves green marketing capabilities, whereas the relationship between organizational learning and green competitive advantage is insignificant. The mediating role of green marketing capabilities in the relationship between organizational learning and green competitive advantage was statistically significant, indicating that green marketing capabilities serve as a bridge between organizational learning and green competitive advantage. Big data capabilities moderate the relationship between organizational learning and green marketing capabilities. The moderated mediation was also significant, highlighting that big data capabilities further strengthen the indirect effects of organizational learning on green competitive advantage via green marketing capabilities.

Originality/value

This paper delivers theoretical and practical understandings of the importance of organizational learning and big data capabilities. Similarly, it extends current knowledge and provides key insights for managerial decision-making.
Semiconductor production, geopolitics and the CHIPS ACT of 2022: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Hyatt Katherine , Ryle Patrick M. , McKnight Mark A.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine rising geopolitical tensions associated with the implementation of the US Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) Act of 2022.

Design/methodology/approach

To provide background for the analysis, the authors conduct a theoretic analysis of the literature to introduce the current geopolitical environment while examining the rising threat of conflict, general factors driving change in the world order, and the critical role that the international semiconductor supply chain plays to all involved.

Findings

In this paper, the authors observe that in good times, economic forces drive capital-intensive industries toward a free-trade-inspired concentration of manufacturing in low-cost centers of production. In challenging economic and geopolitical times, however, the trend reverses toward retrenchment and what some call techno-nationalism. This occurs as nations struggle to secure access to critical sources of supply for themselves while stifling access for competitors and rivals.

Practical implications

The CHIPS Act of 2022 signifies a pivotal change in global trade dynamics, shifting away from liberal norms to techno-nationalism. This shift may spark supply chain hurdles as countries adopt nationalistic sourcing, potentially causing shortages in vital components like chips. Consequently, consumers may face disruptions as companies seek alternative suppliers, resulting in higher costs and lower-quality products. Supply chain disruptions may also delay product launches, and retaliatory trade actions could affect multiple industries, limiting access to lucrative markets.

Originality/value

The passage of the US CHIPS Act of 2022 has major implications related to global supply chain issues and potential geopolitical concerns. This study uses the threat of potential conflict as a lens for examining the international semiconductor supply chain.
Job autonomy and cyberloafing: a mediated moderation model of work engagement and mindfulness
Authors: Khari Chitra , Sinha Shuchi
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To investigate the mediating role of work engagement (WE) between job autonomy and cyberloafing and the moderating effect of mindfulness on the linkage between work engagement and cyberloafing.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted using an online questionnaire survey. Data were gathered from 266 full-time working professionals in India. Hierarchical regression analysis and, SPSS PROCESS version 4.0 (model 14) were employed to analyze the mediated moderation effect.

Findings

Results showed that job autonomy reduced cyberloafing of employees through WE and the mediation effect was stronger when employees were high on mindfulness.

Research limitations/implications

Results indicate that job autonomy and mindfulness have a considerable impact on employee cyberloafing behavior. Organizations seeking to reduce employee cyberloafing behavior could benefit by considering job autonomy as well as supporting employee mindfulness.

Originality/value

This study adds to the understanding of cyberloafing antecedents particularly, the role of job autonomy and WE. Additionally, it examines how mindfulness self-regulates with regard to cyberloafing and contributes to the growing body of mindfulness research and its impact on counterproductive behavior at work.
Predicting heat transfer rate and system entropy based on combining artificial neural network with numerical simulation
Authors: Elshehabey Hillal M.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present numerical simulations for magnetohydrodynamics natural convection of a nanofluid flow inside a cavity with an H-shaped obstacle based on combining artificial neural network (ANN) with the finite element method (FEM), and predict the heat transfer rate and system entropy.

Design/methodology/approach

The enclosure is assumed to be inclined. Changing the inclination angle results in a different obstacle shape, which affects the buoyancy force. Hence, different configurations of the contours of the fluid flow, isotherms and the entropy of the system are obtained. The outer walls of the cavity as well as the central part of the obstacle are kept adiabatic. The left vertical portion of the hindrance is cooled, whereas the right vertical part of the obstacle is a heated wall. Using dimensionless variables allows obtaining a dimensionless version of the governing system of equations that is solved via the consistency FEM. The coupled problem of pressure and velocity is overcome via the Increment Pressure Correction Scheme, which is known for its accuracy and stability for similar simple problems. A numerical computation is performed across a broad range of the governing parameters. A total of 304 data sets were used in the development of an ANN model. That data set was conducted from the numerical simulations. The data set underwent optimization, with 70% sets used for training the model, 15% for validation and another 15% for the testing phase. The training of the network model used the Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm.

Findings

From the numerical simulations, it is concluded that the H-shaped obstacle boosts heat transfer rate in comparison with the I-shaped case. Also, raising the value of the inclination angle improves the entropy of the system presented by the Bejen number. Furthermore, strength heat transfer rate is obtained via decreasing the Hartmann number while this decrease decays the values of the Bejen number for both positive and negative amounts of the nonlinear Boussinesq parameter. Slower velocity and a better heat transfer rate characterize nanofluid compared with pure fluid. Leveraging the capabilities of the ANN, the developed model adeptly forecasts the values of both the average Nusselt and Bejen numbers with a high degree of accuracy.

Originality/value

A novel fusion of FEM and ANN has been tailored to forecast the heat transfer rate and system entropy of MHD natural convective flow within an inclined cavity containing an H-shaped obstacle, amid various physical influences.
Effect of layering outerwear on innerwear and air gap between the two layers on thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics
Authors: Kammeta Meghana , Palaniswamy N.K.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

In everyday life, people generally wear two layers of clothes (a knitted vest and a knitted t-shirt) during the summer. It is essential to understand which types of innerwear and outerwear maximize comfort. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the influence of layering outerwear on innerwear, as well as the air gap between two layers, on thermal comfort properties.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a total of 12 combinations were created from four vest fabrics and three T-shirt fabrics. The thermal properties (thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, thermal diffusion and peak heat flow) were evaluated for the individual inner and outer layers. Each inner layer was layered with an outer layer to observe the effect of layering on the thermal properties. An air gap of 2 mm was introduced between the inner and outer layers to study the effect of air gap on thermal properties.

Findings

Tencel fibre exhibits higher thermal conductivity and absorptivity than cotton and polyester. Upon layering an outer layer on an inner layer, the thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity increase to a slight extent, thermal resistance and diffusion increase drastically and the peak heat flow reduces. With an air gap between the two layers, the thermal conductivity did not improve, the difference in thermal resistance among all the combinations reduced, the thermal absorptivity of the combination textiles was lower than that of the innerwear alone, the thermal diffusion increased and the peak heat flow diminished for all the combinations.

Practical implications

In practice, this comprehensive thermal comfort analysis provides specific combinations of inner and outer articles of clothing that are most appropriate for enhancing comfort during the summer season.

Originality/value

Though there are many studies on the effect of multilayer fabrics on thermal properties, no extensive research analyses the influence of innerwear and outerwear combinations on thermal comfort properties.
The role of leadership and cultural barriers in the adoption of lean six sigma in clinical pharmacy practice and medicine waste reduction. The case of NHS-UK
Authors: Saha Krishnendu , Patel Bhavesh , Paladini Stefania
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the role of leadership and cultural transformation in facilitating Lean Six Sigma (LSS) practices in clinical pharmacy settings to reduce medicine waste within the UK National Health Services (NHS).

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review on Lean Six Sigma in health care was conducted to develop an analytical framework. This was followed by a qualitative case study of an English NHS trust to test the framework, exploring pharmacists' adoption of LSS practices and their impact on staff behaviour, focussing on leadership decisions and organisational culture.

Findings

The research highlights the significance of leadership’s prioritisation in waste reduction efforts and its influence on staff engagement. It also examines the intricate relationship between leadership decisions, education and training, resource allocation, and the prevailing clinical culture, which shapes pharmacists' behaviours and attitudes towards LSS practices and waste reduction.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s focus on a single NHS trust limits the generalisability of the findings, suggesting the need for further research across different healthcare settings.

Practical implications

The study recommends a cultural transformation, earlier training, and reformation in service strategy to enhance the adoption of LSS practices and contribute to a more sustainable future for the wider health services.

Social implications

Effective medicine waste management prevents harm and helps address the current NHS medicine shortage. The NHS can allocate resources efficiently, ensure timely treatment, and prepare for future disruptions by implementing the proposed framework.

Originality/value

We developed a leadership model for the NHS to reduce medicine waste, offering a novel approach to addressing the challenge of medicine waste through leadership and cultural transformation.
Enhancing digital transformation: exploring the role of supply chain diversification and dynamic capabilities in Chinese companies
Authors: Feng Mengying , Wang Tao
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Drawing upon the extended resource-based view (ERBV), this research aims to examine the effects of supply chain diversification (SCD) on enterprise digital transformation (DT), focusing on the external perspective of the supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

Leveraging panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2022, this research employs multiple regression analysis to empirically examine the relationship between SCD and enterprise DT.

Findings

The results of analysis indicate that: (1) SCD positively influences enterprise DT, a relationship that persists even after rigorous endogenous and serial robustness testing. (2) SCD fosters enterprise DT by bolstering its absorption, innovation, and adaptive capabilities. (3) Executive risk preferences and Pilot Policies positively mediate the effects of SCD on enterprise DT.

Originality/value

This research provides novel empirical insights into the underlying mechanism linking SCD and enterprise DT. The findings offer valuable guidance for enterprises seeking to optimize supply chain management and embrace DT, while also informing policymakers on strategies to facilitate SCD and DT enhancement among enterprises.
Foreign direct investment, economic growth and environmental quality in Africa: revisiting the pollution haven and environmental Kuznets curve hypotheses
Authors: Achuo Elvis , Ojong Nathanael
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study examines the environmental effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth by revisiting the pollution haven and EKC hypotheses in the context of Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

The underlying relationships are unravelled with the help of quantile regressions for a panel of 46 African countries over the 1996–2022 period.

Findings

The results show that FDI inflows significantly increase CO2 emissions, supporting the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in Africa. There is also evidence of the N-shaped EKC hypothesis. When analysing different income groups, PHH and EKC remain consistent, except in low-income countries where only PHH is observed. However, the environmental impact of FDI inflows and economic growth decreases at higher quantiles. These findings suggest that policymakers in Africa should strengthen environmental regulations and adopt common environmental standards that encourage green technologies.

Originality/value

This study fills an empirical research gap by comprehensively examining the relationship between FDI, economic growth, and environmental degradation in African countries. Unlike previous studies focused on the inverted U-shaped EKC, our research reveals the existence of an N-shaped EKC in Africa.
Customer incivility and frontline employee job performance: a moderated mediation analysis of PsyCap and emotional exhaustion
Authors: Khanam Afreen , Tarab Sheema
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Premised on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, our study attempts to investigate if emotional exhaustion (EE) is a mediator in linking customer incivility (CI) and employee job performance (JP). Additionally, it examines the moderating role of PsyCap in customer incivility and job performance relationships. Furthermore, we explore whether PsyCap moderates the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion in customer incivility and job performance relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a multi-phase survey, data was gathered from 469 frontline employees working in diverse service sectors in India. All analyses were done with SPSS 25 and AMOS 23 to determine the study's findings.

Findings

The study substantiates a partial mediation effect, revealing that customer incivility intensifies emotional exhaustion among FLEs, resulting in decreased job performance. In addition, the interaction of PsyCap seemed to weaken the relationship between CI and employee JP. However, PsyCap does not mitigate the indirect association of CI and employee JP via emotional exhaustion. To our surprise, we observed a slight amplification in the mediating impact of emotional EE at elevated levels of PsyCap.

Practical implications

The study findings suggest that training employees and cultivating their PsyCap could be a strategic solution for effectively managing and mitigating the adverse effects of customer incivility in the workplace.

Originality/value

Our study marks the first empirical exploration of PsyCap's moderating role between customer incivility and both job performance and emotional exhaustion linkage.
The effect of Muslim consumers' religiosity on brand verdict
Authors: Osanlou Bahareh , Rezaei Emad
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effect of Muslim consumers’ religiosity on their brand verdict regarding clothing brands, through the mediating role of decision-making style, brand status and brand attitude.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data collected from 200 clothing buyers in Mashhad, one of Iran’s religious cities.

Findings

The results indicate that intrapersonal religiosity, compared to interpersonal religiosity, has a more significant effect on Muslim consumers’ decision-making styles, and different decision-making styles of Muslim consumers affect their brand verdict through brand status and brand attitude.

Research limitations/implications

The research sample consists solely of respondents from the Islamic religion. Therefore, the impact of religiosity might differ among individuals from other religions, such as Christianity and Judaism.

Practical implications

This study’s findings are crucial for clothing brands, both national and international, that cater to the Muslim customers’ market. They need to consider the degree of religiosity when segmenting and targeting their market. This study shows that clothing brand marketers can best influence the brand verdict of Muslim consumers by targeting those with a brand-loyal decision-making style, focusing on their religious beliefs.

Originality/value

To achieve success in Iran’s Muslim market, marketers must consider their consumers’ religious beliefs and tailor their marketing plans accordingly. This study aims to investigate the impact of religiosity on consumer behavior toward brands in Iran’s Muslim market.