bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of F2 Populations for Quantitative Traits in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Authors: Surendhar A. , Jayamani P. , Iyanar K. , Senthilraja G. , Shanmugam P.S.
Published: September 2023

Background: Blackgram is an important pulse crop grown in India. The creation of new variability through hybridization or mutation breeding will produce novel segregants for important yield attributing traits. The selection from the population will be effective if the traits have good genetic variability estimates. Methods: The present investigation was conducted on analysing genetic variability parameters in F2 populations of the blackgram crosses CO 5 × VBN 9 and CO 6 × VBN 11 which were evaluated during rabi, 2022. Results: Based on the coefficient of variations, it was found that sufficient amount of genetic variability and high to moderate heritability with high genetic advance were present in the populations for the traits viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant indicates the presence of additive gene action which can be improved by simple selection in the earlier generations. The positive skewness was observed for the traits viz., number of branches per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant in F2 population of CO 5 × VBN 9 and number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant in the F2 population of CO 6 × VBN 11. The above traits could be improved by intensive selection for rapid improvement. The leptokurtic nature of the distribution for the trait hundred seed weight in CO 5 × VBN 9 population and the traits viz., number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod and seed yield per plant in CO 6 × VBN 11 population indicates these traits are controlled by few minor genes. Hence, the good segregants could be selected from these two populations for yield improvement.
Pengetahuan Gizi, Pola Asuh, serta Jarak Kehamilan terhadap Status Gizi Balita di Posyandu Lancang Kuning, Tuah Karya, Pekanbaru, Riau
Authors: Wiji Rizki Natia , Lisviarose Lisviarose , Harianti Rini , Asriyanty Meyroza
Published: September 2023

Latar Belakang: Kesehatan seseorang bisa tergambarkan dari pangan dan zat gizi apa yang dikonsumsi serta bagaimana makanan tersebut diserap oleh tubuh. Status gizi balita dipengaruhi oleh penyakit infeksi, asupan makanan, pengetahuan gizi, pola asuh serta jarak kehamilan.
Tujuan: Riset ini bertujuan menganalisa korelasi antara pengetahuan gizi, pola asuh, serta jarak kehamilan terhadap status gizi balita.
Metode: Studi memakai desain potong lintang. Populasi dalam studi ini merupakan balita yang terdapat di Posyandu Lancang Kuning, Tuah Karya, Pekanbaru-Riau (subjek 123 orang Ibu balita) melalui simple random sampling. Riset dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 - Juli 2020. Informasi dianalisa menggunakan uji Chi-square.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ibu balita sebagian besar berstrata pendidikan SLTA, memiliki pengetahuan gizi kurang dan lebih dari sepertiga memiliki pola asuh kurang serta sebagian besar status gizi anak termasuk baik. Hasil Analisa memperlihatkan ada korelasi pengetahuan gizi, pola asuh, serta jarak kehamilan terhadap status gizi balita (p<0,001; p=0,005; p=0,041).
Kesimpulan : Pengetahuan gizi, pola asuh, serta jarak kehamilan  subjek dapat mengoptimalkan status gizi balita.
Hygiene Sanitasi dan Keberadaan Bakteri Escherichia Coli pada Semanggi sebagai Jajanan Tradisional Surabaya (Studi Di Kampoeng X, Kecamatan Y, Surabaya)
Authors: Moelyaningrum Anita Dewi , Permatasari Resty Ayu , Rohmawati Ninna
Published: September 2023

Latar Belakang: Jajanan Semanggi merupakan salah satu jajanan tradisional Surabaya yang diminati berbagai kalangan masyarakat dan wisatawan karena memiliki rasa yang unik. Namun demikian, memiliki potensi terkontaminasi mikroba jika tidak memperhatikan pelaksanaan hygiene dan sanitasi makanan yang baik.
Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi hygiene, sanitasi, dan keberadaan bakteri E. Coli pada Jajanan Semanggi Surabaya.
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan uji laboratorium. Total sampel berjumlah 32 Responden penjual untuk diwawancara dan observasi, kemudian diambil sampel sebanyak 32 sampel daun semanggi dan 32 sampel bumbu pada responden.
Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh responden memiliki pengetahuan tinggi (93,8%) dan menerapkan hygiene personal cukup (59,4%), melaksanakan sanitasi pengolahan makanan dengan baik (87,5%). Terdapat 2 sampel positif bakteri E. Coli.
Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar responden masih belum menerapkan hygiene personal dengan baik. Salah Satu sampel yang mengandung bakteri E. Coli ditemukan pada penjamah makanan yang memiliki pengetahuan tinggi dan penerapan sanitasi pengolahan makanan yang baik.
Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Use in Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Patients at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Veri Erianto  , Tri Pudy Asmarawati  , Agung Dwi Wahyu Widodo  , Brian Eka Rachman
Published: September 2023

Highlights:

This study examined patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) to find the prevalent bacteria and the frequency of antibiotic use.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli sensitive to amikacin was found to be the most common pathogen in CAUTI, while ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic.

Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most typical type of infection associated with healthcare. This infection constitutes a significant health problem due to its complications and frequent recurrence. The high annual incidence of CAUTI leads to infectious complications and a high cost of treatment. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria further complicate the problem because multiresistant pathogenic bacteria are often responsible for these infections. Moreover, the lack of a comprehensive case reporting system in Indonesia hinders the determination of CAUTI incidence. This study aimed to determine the bacterial profile and antibiotic use in CAUTI patients (n=22) at the Internal Medicine Inpatient Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. This retrospective descriptive study collected data from patient medical records to describe the incidence, type of bacteria, sensitivity patterns, and antibiotic use in CAUTI patients. The data collection process included collecting medical records, recording information on data collection sheets, and recapitulating and analyzing the data. The criteria for CAUTI diagnosis were a bacterial count of ≥105 CFU/mL and a catheterization that lasted more than 48 hours. Samples were selected using non-probability sampling, also known as saturation sampling. Meanwhile, variables analyzed in this study were the type of pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics used, age, and sex. Descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the data. The findings suggested that the most common bacteria were Escherichia coli, with eight of nine bacteria showing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Female patients aged 35–65 years were the majority of the CAUTI patients. Amikacin was the antibiotic with the highest sensitivity (90.9%), while ceftriaxone was the most common type of antibiotic administered to the patients. In addition, intravenous (IV) administration was the most common route of antibiotic administration, with an average therapy duration of seven days. In conclusion, identifying the type of pathogenic bacteria and performing antibiotic susceptibility testing can help minimize antibiotic resistance and prevent more severe complications in CAUTI patients.
Factors Affecting Successful CPR in Covid-19 Patients: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Maisyaroh Arista , Widianto Eko Prasetya , Kurnianto Syaifuddin , Fitria Riris Lailatul
Published: September 2023

Introduction: : Cardiac arrest is the sudden cessation of the heart's effective pumping action. This causes the circulation to stop. When circulation stops, it can cause death in a short time. Cardiac arrest occurring in hospital is relatively common in COVID-19 patients and often results in poor outcomes. Only a few critically ill patients with COVID-19 who experience cardiac arrest survive CPR. The purpose of this review is to determine the quality of life in COVID-19 patients with post-CPR cardiac arrest.
Method: The paper research was reviewed regarding their inclusion criteria and quality assessment using the Joana Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal checklist. Three academic databases; PubMed, Springerlink, and Science direct were comprehensively applied to collect the published article from 2017 to 2020. They are Articles were selected by PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for systematic review.
Results: A total 10 studies were selected in this review. Factor affecting successful CPR in Covid 19 pastient According to the results of the literature review, it was found that CPR was successful in COVID-19 patients if the patient experienced ROSC with a duration of between 6-20 minutes and the return of neurological function improved a decrease in the quality of life of CPR patients with COVID-19 compared to CPR before the pandemic.
Conclusion: The conclusion from this summary is that there is a decrease in the success of CPR in COVID-19 patients compared to CPR in non-COVID-19 patients, thus affecting the low quality of life in COVID-19 patients who experience cardiac arrest. Through the results of the literature review, it is hoped that it can be considered as one of the factors that can increase the success of CPR in handling CPR in COVID-19 patients who experience cardiacarrest.
Nurses’ Involvement in Health Policy Development and Analysis: Examining the Perspectives of Nurse Managers
Authors: Okyere Enoch Danso , Agyepong Edith Biamah , Ansah Ofei Adelaide Maria , Ocloo Vida
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Nurses make critical decisions that affect the lives of clients. This necessitates their involvement in health policy development to enhance the quality of care delivered to clients. However, only a handful of nurses get the opportunity to participate in developing policies that border on nursing. This study intended to discover nurse managers’ knowledge of policy formation, their involvement in health policy formulation, and the challenges they encounter in their quest to participate in policy formulation.
Method: The study employed the qualitative approach with an exploratory descriptive design using individual interviews with 12 nurse managers purposively selected for the study.
Results: The findings from the study indicated that nurse managers play an important role as major stakeholders in policy development since they work with nurses and clients. Also, disunity among nurses was identified as a major barrier to nurses’ involvement in policy development.
Conclusions: The study reveals nurses' strong interest in policy involvement, hindered by perceived knowledge gaps, limited education access, and dominance of other professionals in policy roles. Addressing these challenges requires investing in education, political advocacy, and establishing a dedicated nursing unit for policy influence, supported by integrated policy education and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Halal labelization, word of mouth and halal awareness on purchase decisions of pharmaceutical products (case study of Yogyakarta muslim students)
Authors: Nur Aisyah Indarningsih  , Siregar Suci Wulandari
Published: September 2023

Despite the importance of pharmaceutical products in everyday life, especially after the coronavirus outbreak in early 2020, only a few studies have attempted to analyze consumer behavior regarding halal pharmaceutical products. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of halal labeling, word of mouth, and halal awareness on purchasing decisions for halal products among Yogyakarta Muslim students using the structural equation model (SEM). The sample for this research is 100 respondents spread across several campuses. Data collection was carried out online with the help of Google forms, which were distributed via social media on a Likert scale of 1–5. From the results of data processing, it was found that halal labeling, word of mouth, and halal awareness had a positive effect on purchasing decisions for pharmaceutical products. Halal awareness is the most significant determinant of purchasing decisions for halal pharmaceutical products, so the pharmaceutical industry needs to highlight the halal aspects of their products through proper branding and promotion/advertising campaigns. Halal aspects include the ingredients and substances of pharmaceutical products and the product manufacturing process. In addition to the halal aspect, aspects of product hygiene and safety need to be emphasized. In the post-COVID era, this is what Muslim consumers need.
Halal food knowledge among non-muslim food-service workers in General Santos City, Philippines
Authors: Ibrahim Aladin , Pamplona Pacita Mae , Antonio Jerald , Carranza Timothy , Sumagaysay Kristian
Published: September 2023

This study aims to identify the level of halal knowledge of non-Muslim food service workers in terms of selection of ingredients and cooking procedure. It used descriptive survey method comprising of one hundred purposely selected respondents. The researchers developed a test-type survey questionnaire aimed to identify the level of halal knowledge non-Muslim food service workers. Frequency counts, percentages, and mean were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that workers’ knowledge on selection of ingredients is good, and satisfactory on cooking procedures knowledge. The research contribute to the limited researches on halal knowledge in the area.
Determinants of purchase intention of halal cosmetic products among muslim females: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Mulyarahardja Raymond , Adhitya Afdal Gilang , Budiharga Jessica Wirati Mula , Ciptadi  , Samuel Yoel Putera
Published: September 2023

Halal cosmetics market in Indonesia has gained more and more attention and is driving global demand growth. Halal cosmetics awareness among female young adults in Indonesia is increasing in line with the rapid growth projection of the Indonesian Halal cosmetics market. However, factors playing a significant role in their purchase intention to buy Halal cosmetic products remain ambiguous. Furthermore, there is no well-established study in Indonesia that explored the role of brand image, promotion, and Halal logo as predictors of purchase intention. This study aims to address this gap and analyze the predecessors and consequences of aforementioned factors towards the purchase intention of Halal cosmetics in Indonesia, specifically among young Muslim women. Samples in this study were obtained by means of quota sampling technique with a total of 289 female Indonesian Muslim respondents aged 21 - 40 years old. Likert-type scale anchoring five-points was used to record the responses. The scale of 1 indicates strong disagreement and 5 indicates strong agreement. The analysis was conducted through Exploratory Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis on SPSS. This study discovered that promotion is an essential predictor of purchase intention of Halal cosmetic products within the young Muslim adult population in Indonesia. Unexpectedly, brand image plays an insignificant role in purchase intention. Moreover, theory of planned behavior provided insight into a theoretical vulnerability of subjective norm as predictor of purchase intention. As this topic is predominantly researched in Malaysia, there has been little to no studies done on this particular context in Indonesia. This study’s results are anticipated to provide meaningful contribution to the literature in evaluating the purchase intentions of Indonesian young Muslim women towards Halal cosmetics. Cosmetics brands and manufacturers may extract value from this study’s results to sharpen activity focus on variables closer to purchase intention.
Smoking Cessation Behavior in Children: What is the Role of Parents and Peers?
Authors: Abdus Salam  , Rif'ah Erwin , Rokhmah Dewi
Published: September 2023

Background: Pangarengan District is one of the areas in Sampang Regency with a fairly high number of child smokers, namely the age of 14 years as much as 26.6% and 11 years old as much as 15.4%, among elementary schools as much as 24.3%. Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyze the form of social support from parents and peers on smoking behavior in children in Pangarengan District, Sampang Regency. Method: This research is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. There are 15 informants consisting of 5 main informants and 10 additional informants. Determination of informants used a purposive technique. Data collection techniques in this study were in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used thematic content analysis. Credibility tests used source triangulation and technical triangulation. Results: Based on the results of the study, all informants received emotional support in the form of smoking bans, attention, care, and advice. Informants get instrumental support in the form of suggestions, input, and appeals to reduce cigarette consumption. In addition, the informants received support in the form of positive enthusiasm and encouragement to stop smoking, as well as gifts promised by their parents. Informants also received information support about the dangers of smoking and diseases made worse by smoking. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that all informants have received social support from their parents and peer groups. This study is expected to change smoking behavior in children by reducing cigarette consumption.
Breastfeeding Experience of Adolescent Mothers in Bengkulu City
Authors: Tanjung Yeni Efrilia Indrianti , Simanjuntak Betty Yosephin , Marleni Wisuda Andeka
Published: September 2023

Backgrounds: The number of early marriages has continued to increase since the COVID-19 pandemic, the unpreparedness of parenting for adolescent mothers will have an impact on the nutritional status of children, especially in breastfeeding. Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain in-depth information related to breastfeeding experiences in adolescent mothers. Methods: This study used qualitative methods on 6 adolescents aged under 20 years who have babies aged 0-24 months, conducted in-depth interviews about breastfeeding experiences including intentions to act, thoughts and feelings, social support, breastfeeding references, enabling breastfeeding outside the home and socio-cultural context. Results: The findings of this study showed that adolescent mothers failed to provide exclusive breastfeeding due to supplementary feeding to infants before the age of 6 months. However, adolescent mothers continue to breastfeed their babies because of the perceived benefits of breastfeeding, social support in the form of motivation and counseling from families and health workers. Adolescent mothers experience physical experiences of soreness, abrasions, swelling and pain in the breasts. They are pleased because they believe that it can make the inner bond between mother and baby closer and more intimate. There are taboos and recommendations in society that are believed to affect breastfeeding babies such as abstinence from consuming long-term foods or recommendations to consume vegetables that are believed to facilitate breast milk. Conclusions: Painful breastfeeding does not stop adolescent mothers from breastfeeding. Adolescent mothers continue to breastfeed although not exclusively.
Investigation of Borax in Meatball Products Sold in Bengkalis, Riau
Authors: Zachawerus Anjeli Cristina , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati , Qurnianingsih Ema
Published: September 2023

Highlights:1. Borax is still used as a food additive even though it has been banned.2. There was no relationship between age, income, and knowledge of the meatball sellers and the use of borax in Bengkalis.3. The risk factors for the widespread use of borax are still unknown.
AbstractIntroduction: Borax is a food additive that can no longer be used. However, there were still many street food vendors who violated this rule. This study aimed to determine the presence or absence of borax in meatballs and the relationship between meatball sellers' characteristics and knowledge of the use of borax in Bengkalis, Riau.   Methods: This was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional collection. This study collected 40 samples of meatballs and meatball sellers in Bengkalis. The sampling technique used purposive sampling by interviewing meatball sellers and filling out the questionnaire on the spot. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test.Results: This study found that all meatballs contained borax with 36 samples found to have borax content above the standard. This study also found no relationship between characteristics (age, level of knowledge, income) and knowledge of meatball sellers with the use of borax (p > 0.05).Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between borax use and meatball sellers' knowledge and characteristics.
La ética informativa y el derecho de la información, ¿necesitan una nueva regulación?
Authors: Bel-Mallén Ignacio
Published: September 2023

Los cambios producidos por la globalización han generado un escenario cambiante, complejo y ambiguo, en el que los principios éticos han sufrido una merma importante, más allá de los estilos de gobierno, y que se instala particularmente en la problemática del derecho de la información. Dicho cambio traspone la necesidad de establecer distinciones éticas y legales, las cuales debencolocarse dentro de las nuevas dinámicas e interacciones, a la defensa de los periodistas para informar de los ciudadanos para acceder a dicha información. En este ensayo se ofrecen principios para el fortalecimiento de los principios ya establecidos frente a la idea de una nueva regulación sobre estos tópicos.
Las industrias de la lengua en la sociedad digital
Authors: Pareja Lora Antonio
Published: September 2023

En este artículo se hace un análisis del pasado reciente, el presente y el futuro de las industrias de la lengua, entendidas como “el sector de actividad dedicado al diseño, producción y comercialización de productos y servicios relacionados con el tratamiento de las lenguas” (LANGUNE, 2021). En primer lugar, se introducen este término y los grandes impulsores de su crecimiento y avance en nuestros días. En segundo lugar, se detallan los hitos más relevantes alcanzados hasta la fecha en el campo de las industrias de la lengua. En tercer lugar, se presentan, por un lado, la red de investigación europea LITHME y sus principales objetivos y, por otro lado, una clasificación, fruto de esta red, de las distintas profesiones que dan cuerpo a las industrias de la lengua hoy en día. En cuarto lugar, también se discute el futuro de las industrias de la lengua a través de sus retos actuales para, finalmente, concluir que, en general, las industrias de la lengua gozan de buena salud en nuestros días, aunque son grandes los desafíos que habrá de afrontar en los próximos años.
Recent Study of Coccidiosis in Broiler Closed House: The Role of Some Aspects of Maintenance
Authors: Yuwono Endro , Wandatara Reka Putra , Mastuti Sri , Indrasanti Diana
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to determine the role of different factors in raising broiler chickens in closed-house cages that affect the increased cases of coccidiosis in partnership farms. These factors are cage management, the level of cage cleanliness, the chicken-rearing period, and the prevalence of coccidiosis in partnership farms. The research was conducted from May to December 2022 in 11 closed-house broiler farms in the Kalibagor Subdistrict, Banyumas Regency. This study applied survey method and a purposive sampling, and determined the sample size by the Slovin formula, collecting 100 samples in total. The materials were broiler chicken feces collected in the initial and final phases, and data on maintenance management were collected using a questionnaire. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis and Chi-square calculations. The results stated that the prevalence of coccidiosis in Kalibagor Subdistrict was 29%, and coccidiosis occurrence at the starter and finisher periods was 6% and 52%, respectively. The results of the Chi-square analysis show a significant difference in coccidiosis occurrence among broiler rearing periods. The effect of the level of cleanliness is also significant in the occurrence of coccidiosis in Kalibagor Subdistrict, Banyumas Regency. This study concludes that the occurrence of coccidiosis in closed-house broiler chickens on partnership farms is quite low, and the level of cleanliness and rearing period is very influential on the occurrence of coccidiosis.
The Effect of Counseling Using Puzzle on Oral Health Knowledge of 3rd and 4th Grade Students of SD Negeri 2 Cikidang
Authors: Hidayah Riski Amalia
Published: September 2023

Karies merupakan maslah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang sering dialami anak usia Sekolah Dasar. Prevalensi karies gigi anak di seluruh dunia menurut WHO sebesar 60%-90%. Karies disebabkan oleh multifaktorial salah satunya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi maupun mulut. Salah satu upaya yang guna meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi mulut anak dengan cara penyuluhan menggunakan media puzzle karena merupakan media edukasi yang menarik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan/konseling dengan media puzzle terhadap pengetahuan kesehatan gigi mulut siswa kelas 3 dan 4 SD Negeri 2 Cikidang. Penelitian termasuk jenis pre eksperimental, dengan desain one group pretest-postest melibatkan responden sebanyak 32 siswa. Data penelitian diolah menggunakan uji non parametrik Wilcoxon. Nilai rerata pengetahuan siswa kelas 3 dan 4 SD Negeri 2 Cikidang tentang kesehatan gigi mulut sebelum konseling sebesar 63,4, sedangkan setelah penyuluhan 75,6. Nilai uji Wilcoxon (p= 0,000) secara statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna pengetahuan kesehatan gigi mulut sebelum  maupun setelah konseling. Metode konseling dengan puzzle dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi mulut siswa kelas 3 dan 4 SDN 2 Cikidang. Dilihat dari tingkat pengetahuan, mayoritas siswa memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tinggi baik sebelum maupun setelah penyuluhan
Developing a Numerical Procedure to Study the Effect of Sand Particles Variation on Two-Bladed Axial Wind Turbine
Authors: Karimi Omid
Published: September 2023

An axial wind turbine's performance is analyzed numerically using geometrical and operational parameters. The performance of an axial wind turbine is simulated using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and compared with experimental data, which confirms the validity of the assumptions and method used. A study of the effects of air in clean and sand particlesy conditions is then conducted. A study was also conducted on mechanical power and the impact of the blade tip on the extension of the vortex. It has been found that different sand particle sizes have a significant impact on wind performance numerically from 0.1 to 0.9, and the results indicate that mechanical power and thrust increase as wind velocity increases, but larger sand particle sizes reduce power, thrust, and torque as wind velocity increases. The turbulence intensity causes the pressure distribution on the walls to be irregular, thereby increasing mechanical power and propulsion force. Moreover, as the wind velocity increases, the tip speed ratio increases and the vortexes are subsequently extended.
Triterpenoid HPLC Fingerprint of the Mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi)
Authors: Chen Deng-Hai , Wang Jian-Yuan , Chen Mon-Tarng , Liu Yen-Chun , Chen Kuang-Dee
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: ganoderic acids (GAs) are specific triterpenes of Ganoderma lucidum. The HPLC fingerprint profile of GAs of the fruiting body has been well-known, but the mycelial fingerprinting remains unclear. (2) Methods: the ethanol extract of the mycelium of G. lucidum (YK-01) was further purified by preparative HPLC. The HPLC spectra for four strains of G. lucidum and one strain of G. formosanum (purple lingzhi) were investigated. (3) Results: nineteen lanostane triterpenes, including five new triterpenes, GA-TP (1), ganodermic acid Jc (GmA-Jc) (2), GmA-Jd (3), GA-TQ1 (4), and ganoderal B1 (5), and fourteen known triterpenes 6-19 were isolated from the ethanol extract. A green chemical HPLC analytical method was developed by using ethanol and acetic acid as mobile phase. These triterpenes comprise of a unique HPLC triterpenoid spectral pattern of G. lucidum mycelium. All four G. lucidum strains showed the same HPLC spectral pattern, whereas G. formosanum displayed a different pattern. Quantitation methods for ganoderic acid T (10) and S (12) were also validated. (4) Conclusions: the triterpenoid HPLC analytical method can be used to identify G. lucidum species, and to determine the contents of GA-T and GA-S.
Phase Transitions in Boron Carbide
Authors: Werheit Helmut
Published: September 2023

The idealized rhombohedral unit cell of boron carbide is formed by a 12-atom icosahedron and a 3-atom linear chain. Phase transitions are second order and caused by the exchange of B and C sites or by vacancies in the structure. Nevertheless, the impact of such minimal structural changes on the properties can be significant. As the X-ray scattering cross sections of B and C atoms are very similar, the capability of X-ray fine structure investigation is restricted. Phonon spectroscopy helps closing this gap. Phase transitions known to date have been identified due to significant changes of properties: (1) The phase transition near the chemical composition B8C by clear change of the electronic structure; (2) The endothermic temperature-dependent phase transition at 712 K by the according change of specific heat; (3) The high-pressure phase transition at 33.2 GPa by the drastic change of optical appearance from opacity to transparency. These phase transitions affect IR- and Raman-active phonons and other solid-state properties. The phase transitions at B~8C and 712 K mean that a well-defined distorted structure is converted into another one each. In the high-pressure phase transition, an apparently well-defined distorted structure changes into a highly ordered one. In all these cases, the distribution of polar C atoms in the icosahedra plays a crucial role.
Overcoming Hurdles in Science Practicum: Exploring Challenges and Solutions for Fifth Grade Students
Authors: Darmayanti NWS , Janawati Desak Putu Anom , Sudirman I Nyoman , Lismayanti Ni Luh , Persi Ni Nengah
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe the obstacles to the implementation of science practicum for grade V elementary school students.This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The population in this study were ten students. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling, that is, all members of the population are sampled. The sample, all fifth grade students and fifth grade teachers were used. The number of questionnaires used were 10 statements given to students and 10 questions were given to the fifth grade teacher for interviews. The interview data were described by summarizing the results, while the questionnaire analysis used descriptive analysis techniques with percentage calculations. From interviews with teachers, it was found that the implementation of the experiment in fifth grade was still lacking because it was rare to carry out the experiment and there were many obstacles in terms of tools and materials as well as the practical guide. The results of the student questionnaire, 40% of students stated that the implementation of the experiment went quite well, while 60% of the students stated that the implementation of the experiment was not going well, in the sense that the implementation of the experiment was rarely carried out by the teacher. The obstacles to implementing practicum are mainly the lack of tools and materials for practicum, the absence of a special place practicum, not having special guidance for practicum and the lack of teacher readiness in teaching practicum because there is no special practicum guide.
Dining facility w/hole-building evaluation to reduce solid waste : opportunities and best practices for optimization and management of food waste
Authors: Urban Angela , Davidson Susannah , Young Allison
Published: September 2023

On military installations, an average of 1.2 pounds in food waste is disposed per person per day, accounting for 68% of dining facility (DFAC) refuse and 46% of the total installation refuse stream, making food waste the heaviest portion of installation solid waste. At a single installation, this can contribute up to 1.5 million dollars lost yearly from food waste alone. Department of Defense Instruction (DoDI) 4715.23 (DoD 2016) establishes policy and prescribes procedures to implement waste management through waste prevention and recycling. The US Army Installation Management Commands (IMCOM) installations have limited resources and limited personnel to study which source reduction methods are optimal to reduce food waste given their unique mission requirements. This study identifies opportunities for optimization and management of solid waste across IMCOM installations. Recycling is not enough to significantly re-duce the economic or environmental costs to the DoD. Army installations pay over $100 million annually in disposal fees. Source reduction is emphasized in regulations but not prioritized in process modifications or technology solutions. Additionally, food waste contributes to excessive global greenhouse gas emissions, which affect global warming and climate change. A multitiered approach is necessary, placing more emphasis on source reduction advances and initiatives.
Pengembangan Buku SKU Pramuka Siaga Berbasis Budaya Lokal untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Peserta Didik SD/MI
Authors: Ardhyantama Vit , Novitasari Linda , Suryatin Suryatin
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) prosedur pengembangan buku SKU Pramuka Siaga Berbasis Budaya Lokal; (2) tingkat kelayakan pengembangan buku SKU Pramuka Siaga Berbasis Budaya Lokal; (3) tingkat pemahaman peserta didik setelah menggunakan media pengembangan buku SKU Pramuka Siaga Berbasis Budaya Lokal. Jenis penelitian ini adalah research and development dengan model pengembangan Borg & Gall yang telah dimodifikasi Sugiyono meliputi: (1) potensi dan masalah; (2) pengumpulan data; (3) desain produk; (4) validasi desain; (5) revisi desain; (6) uji coba produk; (7) revisi produk; (8) uji coba pemakaian; (9) revisi produk. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi, angket respon, tes dan dokumentasi. Analisis data meliputi analisis validitas produk dan analisis pemahaman peserta didik setelah menggunakan media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) penilaian ahli media dengan rata-rata skor 4,71 kategori “Sangat Valid”, penilaian ahli materi dengan rata-rata skor 4,80 kategori “Sangat Valid”, penilaian ahli materi agama dengan rata-rata skor 4,77 kategori “Sangat Valid”, penilaian subjek coba kelompok kecil dengan rata-rata skor 4,29 kategori “Sangat Valid” dan hasil penilaian subjek coba kelompok besar dengan rata-rata skor 4,57 kategori “Sangat Valid”; (2) pemahaman peserta didik meningkat berdasarkan pencapaian ketuntasan belajar peserta didik mencapai nilai ≥ 70 yaitu sebesar 100%.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Enhanced Oil Recovery Formulation Based on the Volume Average Procedure on the Full Momentum Equation: Effects of Polymer Solution Injection in Real Reservoirs with Anisotropic Permeability
Authors: Vignoli B. A. D. L. , Garcia F. A. S. , Barboza Júnior R. P. , Motta A. B. G. , Dias R. A. C. , Thompson R. L.
Published: September 2023

In this work, we propose a new methodology to simulate the process of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in a 3D domain, considering a non-Newtonian fluid phase. The mass balance for the two phases and the balance of momentum are based on the volume averaging theory, which upscales the information on the microscale to make viable the solution in a real case. The full balance of momentum is used in place of the usually adopted Darcy’s law, and the equations are written for each phase in terms of porosity and fluid saturation. The equations are introduced in a new numerical solver developed for the OpenFOAM toolbox, which is an open-source C++ library created to simulate problems of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, the methodology is verified by comparing the results obtained from the volume averaging theory equations with Darcy’s law. Then, Newtonian and non-Newtonian cases for Buckley-Leverett, 2D, and 3D meshes are presented. We also present cases with a 3D mesh in a domain extracted from a real reservoir and properties of real injector fluids. The present approach is able to accommodate anisotropic permeability, heterogeneity, and non-Newtonian effects. We compare fluid saturation over time for the different cases as well as the accumulated volume of oil over time and the flow output of the domain. The simulations performed were able to demonstrate the effectiveness of polymeric solutions, comparing polyacrylamide (PAA) and polymeric surfactant (PS) cases with different concentrations, for better use in the production of available resources in reservoirs. In the five-spot cases with polymeric solutions, lower flow rates are achieved when the concentration is increased and the oil production until breakthrough is up to 45% higher when compared with water injection.
Lethal effects of CO2 on the greenhouse whitefly and its impact on strawberry fruit quality
Authors: Jamshidnia Arsalan , Ghotboddini Sayed Ruhollah Raouf , Sadeghi Reza , Roozban Mahmoud Reza
Published: September 2023

Strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa, is one of the important horticultural plants cultivated throughout the world for its peerless flavor and juicy texture. The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hem.: Aleyrodidae), is a major pest for many greenhouse crops through the world. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most limiting factors through photosynthesis process. The application of different levels of CO2 in controlled atmosphere treatments has received attention as one of the means for controlling insect pests in agricultural products. The present study aims to evaluate the lethal effects of CO2 on the greenhouse whitefly, T. vaporariorum and its effects on the quality of the strawberry cultivars including Kurdistan, Queen Elizabeth, Camarosa, Selva, and Homigento during the exposure periods of 24 and 48 hr . The research findings reveled that LC50 of CO2 on T. vaporariorum feeding on five cultivars were measured at 742.37, 733.05, 742.74, 746.57, and 741.24 ppm, respectively. The highest and the lowest LC90 of carbon dioxide were 914.02 ppm (Queen Elizabeth) and 980.16 ppm (Kurdistan). Moreover, after 24 and 48 h of being exposed to CO2, no significant difference was observed between control treatment and CO2 concentrations on the qualitative traits of tested cultivars.
Inter- and intrapopulation resource use variation of marine subsidized western fence lizards
Authors: Ebersole Alexi , Bunker Marie Elyse , Weiss Stacey , Fox-Dobbs Kena
Published: September 2023

Marine resource subsidies alter consumer dynamics of recipient populations in coastal systems. The response to these subsidies by generalist consumers is often not uniform, creating inter- and intrapopulation diet variation and niche diversification that may be intensified across heterogeneous landscapes. We sampled western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, from Puget Sound beaches and coastal and inland forest habitats, in addition to the lizards’ marine and terrestrial prey items to quantify marine and terrestrial resource use with stable isotope analysis and mixing models. Beach lizards had higher average δ13C and δ15N values compared to coastal and inland forest lizards, exhibiting a strong mixing line between marine and terrestrial prey items. Across five beach sites, lizard populations received 20 to 51% of their diet from marine resources, on average, with individual lizards ranging between 7% and 86% marine diet. The hillslope of the transition zone between marine and terrestrial environments at beach sites was positively associated with marine-based diets, as the steepest sloped beach sites had the highest percent marine diets. Within-beach variation in transition zone slope was positively correlated with the isotopic niche space of beach lizard populations. These results demonstrate that physiography of transitional landscapes can mediate resource flow between environments, and variable habitat topography promotes niche diversification within lizard populations. Marine resource subsidization of Puget Sound beach S. occidentalis populations may facilitate occupation of the northwesternmost edge of the species range. Shoreline restoration and driftwood beach habitat conservation are important to support the unique ecology of Puget Sound S. occidentalis.
Mobile phone text messaging plus motivational interviewing versus usual care: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate effects on breastfeeding, child health and survival outcomes, among women living with HIV (MTI-MI)
Authors: Zunza Moleen , Thabane Lehana , Kuhn Louise , Els Christine , Cotton Mark , Young Taryn
Published: September 2023

Background
Many infants in low resourced settings at high risk of infectious disease morbidity and death are deprived of the immunological and nutritional benefits of breast milk, through an attenuated duration of breast milk exposure. South Africa has one of the lowest exclusive breastfeeding rates in Africa, 8% in infants under 6 months of age. We assume that breastfeeding is sustained among women living with HIV receiving weekly text messages and motivational interviewing and that this contributes to improved infant health outcomes.
Objectives
1. To evaluate the effectiveness of a combined intervention of mobile phone text messaging and motivational interviewing in promoting (a) exclusive breastfeeding, (b) any form of breastfeeding, until six months of child age, compared to usual care, among mothers living with HIV.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of a combined intervention on: (a) reduction in all-cause hospitalization and mortality rates, and (b) improvements in infant linear growth, compared to usual care, among HIV-exposed infants aged 0-6 months.
Methods
We are conducting a clinical trial to determine whether text messaging plus motivational interviewing prolong breastfeeding and improve infant health outcomes. We are recruiting 275 women living with HIV and their HIV exposed infants at birth and randomly assign study interventions for 6 months.
Statistical methods
Breastfeeding rates are compared between study groups using standard proportion test and binomial regression. Survival endpoints are presented using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and compared between study groups using Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Count endpoint is analysed using Poisson random-effects model and mean cumulative function.We use Mixed linear regression models to assess the evolution of infant growth over time. Maximum likelihood method will be used to handle missing data.
Discussion
Study findings may facilitate decision-making on 1) whether implementation of the breastfeeding policy achieved the desired outcomes, 2) interventions needed to sustain breastfeeding and; 3) whether the interventions do have an impact on child health.
Trial registration: The protocol of the trial was registered before the start of the trial at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05063240) and Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202110870407786).
Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and neostigmine on heart rate in robot-assisted thoracoscopic atrial septal defects repair: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Han Jingjing , Zhao Zijian , Lei Zheng , Zhang Chunyan , Wang Haotian , Chen Yu , Zhou Huixuan
Published: September 2023

Background
Robot-assisted thoracoscopic repair of atrial septal defect is performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the heart beats without stopping, which requires very high control of perioperative heart rate. Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to small changes in the time between successive cardiac cycles, which can reflect autonomic nervous system activity and provide a quantitative assessment of cardiac sympathetic vagal tone and balance.
Methods
A total of 40 patients undergoing robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for atrial septal defect were randomly assigned to two groups receiving neostigmine or dexmedetomidine. we monitored the changes in heart rate and HRV of neostigmine and dexmedetomidine group at five time periods.
Results
Perioperative data showed that platelet values in the neostigmine group were higher than those in the dexmedetomidine group before surgery and significantly higher than those in the neostigmine group after surgery. In addition, CPB time of the two groups was also significantly different, with the CPB time of neostigmine group being significantly higher than that of dexmedetomidine group (P < 0.05). The comparison of heart rate showed that both drugs could reduce heart rate during surgery to some extent. Neostigmine was more effective than dexmedetomidine in reducing heart rate after CPB initiation. In the analysis of HRV, the values of LF, HF and LF/HF in the neostigmine group have significant differences than those in the dexmedetomidine group(P < 0.05).In addition, the ASDNN and RMSDD value of dexmedetomidine group was significantly higher than that of Neostigmine group in multiple time periods.
Conclusions
Prophylactic use of small doses of neostigmine to control heart rate is safe and effective under the condition of a certain depth of anesthesia. It has a better effect on lowering heart rate than dexmedetomidine. In addition, although the autonomic nerve regulation ability of patients in the neostigmine group was decreased, it was still higher than that in the dexmedetomidine group to a certain extent. This confirms the usefulness of Neostigmine in cardiopulmonary bypass non-stop surgery.
Trial registration:
The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry at chictr.org.cn (registration number, ChiCTR2000036140) on August 21, 2020.