bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apoptin Causes Apoptosis in HepG-2 Cells by Inducing Stress Injury in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Li Yiquan , Bai Bing , Shang Chao , Cong Jianan , Fang Jinbo , Li Wenjie , Li Shanzhi , Xiu Zhiru , Song Gaojie , Liu Zirui , Yang Xia , Zhu Guangze , Li Xiao , Jin Ningyi , Zhu Yilong
Published: August 2021

Apoptin is derived from the chicken anemia virus and exhibits specific cytotoxic effects against tumor cells. In our previous study, we demonstrated that Apoptin induced significant changes in the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related proteins and caused a strong and lasting ERS response. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ERS injury induced by Apoptin on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the apoptotic pathway in mitochondria. ERS injury induced the intracellular levels of calcium (Ca2+) were determined by electron microscopy, flow cytometry and fluorescence staining. Mitochondrial injury was determined by mitochondrial membrane potential and electron microscopy. The relationship between Ca2+ level and mitochondrial injury on Apoptin-treating cells was analyzed using Ca2+ chelator, flow cytometry and fluorescence staining. Western blotting was used to investigate the levels of key proteins in the ER and the apoptotic pathway in mitochondria. We also investigated the in vivo effects of ERS injury on the ER and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via the immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues from HepG-2 cells acquired from nude mice undergoing xenografts. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Apoptin caused ERS injury and an imbalance in Ca2+, damaged the structure of the mitochondria, and increased the expression levels of Caspase-12, CHOP, AIF, HtrA2, Smac/Diablo, and Cyto-C. In summary, Apoptin induced apoptosis in HepG-2 cells via ERS and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This study showed that Apoptin induced apoptosis in HepG-2 cells via ERS injury.
The Efficiency of Hand Sanitizers Against Microbes From Coins
Authors: hashash sandy yasser , Menawi Wafaa , Hashash Suha , Namrouty Iman , Bashoti Hana , Abdullah Noor
Published: August 2021

Objective:This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of hand sanitizers against bacteria from circulating coins during COVID 19 era.Method:22-coin samples have been collected by the research group from taxi drivers in Nablus city, Then the samples were transferred in a sterile plastic bag to the Microorganism Laboratory (17B1140) at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at An-Najah National University. The collected coins were swabbed with normal saline and cultured on nutrient agar for enrichment. After their appearance, the grown colony has been sub-cultured on Blood, MacConkey, and Uri select, for identification with the assistance of microscopical examination and chemical tests for confirmation. To answer the question of the study, four different sanitizers have been applied to measure their antimicrobial activity against microbes from circulating metal coins. Result:The results showed that sanitizer A (Hand sanitizer gel) (ג'ל להיגיינת הידיים ללא צורך , בשטיפה ובמים) is the most effective one of the four sanitizers that were used, followed by sanitizer (D)(HiGeen )(JO), then sanitizer (C)(National ) (PS), while sanitizer (B)(Icona London) (UK) was the least effective one.Conclusion:The research group have conducted research on coins circulated from taxi drivers during COVID 19 era, hence the number of isolated bacteria was low, due to the current sterilization and prevention behaviors like the using of sanitizers containing 70% of alcohol, which was the best among the used types in the current study as well as it has been observed that excessive use of alcohol- based hand sanitizers can cause microorganisms resistant and or less affected to repeated use of hand sanitizer. Hence, Hand sanitizers may need to be used appropriately in combination with other procedures.
Development of a Custom NGS Panel for the Determination of Bladder Cancer Risk
Authors: Hemissi Imen , BOUSETTA SAMI , Dallali Hamza , Hellal Faycel , Durand Geoffroy , Voegele Catherine , AYED Haroun , Zaghbib Selim , Naimi Zeineb , Ayadi Mouna , Chebil Mohamed , Mckay James , Calvez-Klem Florence Le , Ouerhani Slah
Published: August 2021

BackgoundBladder cancer (BCa) is a heterogeneous disease caused by the interaction between environmental and genetic risk factors. The objective of this study was to design a panel that evaluates the role of some selected variants in BCa susceptibility. We are also interested in studying the interaction between environmental and genetic risk factors.MethodsThe case/controls cohort was composed with 249 BCa cases and 255 controls. The designed Bladder cancer hereditary panel (BCHP) is composed of 139 selected variants. These variants were genotyped by an amplification-based targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) on the Ion Torrent Proton sequencer (Life Technologies, Ion Torrent technology). ResultsWe have found that rs162555, rs2228000, rs10936599, rs710521, rs3752645, rs804276, rs4639, rs4881400 and rs288980 were significantly associated with decreased risk of bladder cancer. However the homozygous genotypes for VPS37C (rs7104333, A/A), MPG (rs1013358, C/C) genes or the heterozygous genotype for ARNT gene (rs1889740, rs2228099, rs2256355, rs2864873), GSTA4 (rs17614751) and APOBR/IL27 (rs17855750) were significantly associated with increased risk of bladder cancer development compared to reference group (OR=2.53, 2.34, 1.99, 2.00, 2.00, 1.47, 1.96 and 2.27 respectively). We have also found that non–smokers patients harboring heterozygous genotypes for ARNT/rs2864873 (A>G), ARNT/ rs1889740 (C>T) or GSTA4/rs17614751 (G to A) were respectively at 2.775, 3.069 and 6.608 –folds increased risk of Bca development compared to non-smokers controls with wild genotypes. Moreover the ARNT CT (rs1889740), ARNT CG (rs2228099), ARNT TC (rs2864873) and GSS GA genotypes were associated with an increased risk of BCa even in absence of professional risk factors. Finally the decision-tree analysis produced a three major BCa class. These three classes were essentially characterized by an intensity of tobacco use more than 20 pack years (PY) and the CYP1A2 (rs762551) genotype. ConclusionsThe determined association between genetic variations in BCa and environmental factors, as well as the effect of studied pathway SNPs in comparison with environmental exposition may provide urologists additional genetic information that may help for clinical assessment and treatment decisions. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms through which these genes or SNPs affect the clinical behavior of BCas require further studies.
Stage-Based Flood Inundation Mapping
Authors: Criss Robert E , Nelson David L.
Published: August 2021

New methods allow the direct computation of flood inundation maps from lidar data, independently of discharge estimates, hydraulic analysis, or defined cross sections. One method projects the interpolated profile of measured flood levels onto surrounding topography, creating a smooth inundation surface that is entirely based on data and geometrical relationships. A second method computes inundation maps for any simple function that relates the water surface to the elevation of the channel bottom, exploiting their known, sub-parallel character. A final method theoretically combines the elevation of the channel bottom and the upstream catchment area for points along the thalweg, all defined by lidar data. The conceptual simplicity and realism of these maps facilitate data-based planning.
Change of Functioning in Persons With Severe Musculoskeletal Injuries Over Time: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Usinger Jennifer , Kus Sandra , Simmel Stefan , Coenen Michaela
Published: August 2021

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 as a generic assessment instrument to collect data on functioning and disability. The questionnaire was developed specifically to capture the activities and participation domain as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Evidence on the most relevant factors predicting WHODAS 2.0 outcome in the context of musculoskeletal injuries are controversial. This study aims to assess change in functioning of patients with severe musculoskeletal injuries undergoing inpatient rehabilitation over time.Methods: A longitudinal multicentre study was conducted, following up 571 participants with severe musculoskeletal injuries over the course of a first inpatient rehabilitation stay until 3 months after discharge. At admission, data on sociodemographic, health-related aspects, functioning and contextual factors were collected. WHODAS 2.0 assessed functioning. Data were analysed using a multilevel model approach.Results: The mean WHODAS 2.0 declined from admission to discharge and 3-month follow-up, indicating an improvement in functioning. Multilevel analyses revealed age, duration of inpatient rehabilitation, severity of the injury, injury localizations, number of comorbidities, emotional functioning, pain, being informed about the injury, subjective prognosis on return to work and agreement on treatment targets as factors influencing change in functioning over time.Conclusions: In a rehabilitation setting, a healthcare professional can promote an increase in functioning, for example, by ensuring that there are treatment targets defined and agreed on with the patient and that the patient feels sufficiently informed about the injury. The identified factors could potentially be used for a short screening at admission to rehabilitation to estimate the patient’s change of functioning over time. Trial registration number and date of registration: DRKS00014857; July 04, 2018.
The Occurrence of Work-related Fatigue and Job Satisfaction in Nursing Staff to the Quality of Care : A Cross-sectional Survey in North-East China
Authors: Bi XueJing , Zhang Qiao , Niu Jin-yu , Chen Chao-yi , Liu Ze , Ning Liang-wen , Ning Ning , Wu Qun-hong , Hao Yanhua , Liang Li-bo , Yong "Tai" Wang
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPoor quality of care would significantly increase adverse patient outcomes. Improving the quality of care is an urgent priority. The relationship between work-related fatigue and quality of care has not been systematically explored. This paper explores the occurrence of work-related fatigue, job satisfaction, and its relationship with quality of care.MethodsSelf-report questionnaires assessing work-related fatigue and job satisfaction were distributed among 1,299 nurses from 20 hospitals in North-Eastern China. Regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between work-related fatigue, job satisfaction, and quality of care. Mediate effect analysis was used to explore the mediating role of job satisfaction.ResultsApproximately 55% of nurses got moderate or severe work-related fatigue. The results from the t-test indicated that nurses with a high level of work-related fatigue were more prone to nursing errors. The mediation analysis showed that work-related fatigue indirectly affected the quality of care through job satisfaction (indirect effect: β 0.047, 95%Cl 0.040-0-054), while the direct effect was β 0.059, 95%Cl 0.050-0.068.ConclusionsThe present study concluded that more than half of the nurses surveyed were moderate to severe work-related fatigue. Nurses with a high level of work-related fatigue were likely to provide significantly more nursing errors. We confirmed that job satisfaction was a mediator for the relationship between work-related fatigue and quality of care. Therefore, hospitals managers and relevant management departments should consider work-related fatigue and job satisfaction among nurses to improve health services in the future.
Effect of Sintering Time on The Marginal and Internal Fit of Monolithic Zirconia Crowns Containing 3-4 Mol% Y2O3
Authors: Ozden Yunus Emre , Guncu M.Baris , Aktas Guliz , Canay Senay
Published: August 2021

Background

Short-time sintering may offer advantages including saving time and energy but there is limited evidence on the effect that altering sintering time has on the accuracy of monolithic zirconia crowns. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of shortened sintering time on the marginal and internal fit of 3Y-TZP (three mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal) and 4Y-TZP (four mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal) monolithic crowns.
Methods

Sixty monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated for the maxillary first molar tooth on the prefabricated implant abutment. Groups were created according to the material composition: 3Y-TZP Generation 1 (alumina wt; ≤0.5%, < 15% cubic phase), 3Y-TZP Generation 2 (alumina wt; ≤0.05%, < 15% cubic phase) and 4Y-TZP (alumina wt; ≤0.05%, > 25% cubic phase). Two different sintering protocols were performed: same final sintering temperature (1500°C) and various rates of heating (10°C/min and 40°C/min), cooling down speed (-10°C/min and − 40°C/min), holding time (45 and 120 minutes), and total sintering time (approximately 2 and 7 hours, respectively). The marginal and internal fit of the crowns were determined using the silicone replica technique. Comparisons between groups and sintering times were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Pairwise multiple comparisons were performed using the t-test (p < 0.05).
Results

The mean marginal gap values of 4Y-TZP zirconia revealed statistically significant increase for the speed sintering protocol (p < 0.0001), while no difference was observed between the sintering protocols for the mean marginal gap values of 3Y-TZP groups.
Conclusions

Although all groups showed clinically acceptable gap values (<120 µm), altering the sintering time had an effect on the marginal fit of the crowns manufactured from 4Y-TZP zirconia. Shortening the sintering time may lead to differences within clinically acceptable limits. The manufacturer's recommendations according to material composition should be implemented with care.
Linc-Pint Long Non‑Coding RNA Sponges miR‑7 and Regulates WNT Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Ranjbaran Zahra , Javanmard Amir-Reza , Esmaili Rezvan , Soltani Bahram M.
Published: August 2021

Several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are known to regulate signaling pathways in breast cancer (BC) to date. Looking for the differentially expresses lncRNAs, first, RNAseq data analysis indicated that Linc-Pint (Loc646329) gene is downregulated in BC tissues. Consistently, RT-qPCR analysis confirmed its downregulation in BC specimens compared with normal pairs. Then, overexpression of Linc-Pint in MCF7 cells was followed by elevated APC, APC2, and Axin genes expression (all tumor suppressors of Wnt signaling), while c-Myc, CCND1 and CCND2 genes were downregulated, detected by RT-qPCR. Consistently, Top/Fop flash assay supported Linc-Pint suppressive effect on Wnt signaling in MCF7 cells. On the other hand, miR-7 was predicted to be sponged by Linc-Pint and clash-Seq data analysis supported their interaction. Furthermore, dual luciferase assay verified their interaction and consistently, overexpression of Linc-Pint ended in elevated expression level of TGFBR2 and IGF1R (as target genes of miR-7). Flow cytometry results indicated that Linc-Pint overexpression in MCF7 cells was followed by cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and scratch test assay supported its inhibitory effect on cell migration. Overall, our results indicated that Linc-Pint tumor suppressor attenuates Wnt signaling at least by sponging miR-7 in MCF7 cells. This makes Linc-Pint transcript as a potential new therapeutic target.
Fetal heart ultrasound image-oriented adaptive classification deep model based on differentiable architecture search
Authors: Zeng Xianhua , Zhang Yunjiu , Huang Wei
Published: August 2021

Prenatal ultrasound examination is used for screening congenital heart defects and fetal genetic diseases. Unfavorable factors such as low signal-to-noise ratio, artifact and poor fetal posture in ultrasound images make it a very complicated task to identify and interpret the standard scan plane of the fetal heart in prenatal ultrasound examinations. Deep learning related methods are widely used to process and analyze medical images. However, designing an effective network structure for a specific task is a time-consuming and relies on expert knowledge. In order to obtain an effective fetal ultrasound image classification model in a short time, this paper collects and organizes the Fetal Heart Standard Plane(FHSP) level III screening dataset, and we use the Differentiable Architecture Search(DARTS) method for FHSP classification task to automatically obtain an efficient adaptive classification deep model called Ultrasound Image Adaptive Classification model(UIAC) for assisting the diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease. This new model is a deep neural network consisting of two automatically searched optimal blocks. Our UIAC model has fewer parameters than the mainstream manned classification networks. Moreover, it has achieved the best recognition results on the FHSP classification task: top1-accuracy 89.84%, macro-f1 89.72%, kappa score 88.82%.
Investigation on the Machinability of Metastable β Titanium Alloy M28
Authors: JIANG Yifan , Tian Hui , Yin Jia , Yang Yinfei , Zhao Guolong , Li Liang
Published: August 2021

Oriented to the application of new generation strategic aircraft, M28 (Ti-4Al-5Mo-5V-6Cr-1Nb) is a novel metastable β titanium alloy with outstanding strength. A better understanding of its machinability is the cornerstone of the manufacture. In this work, milling experiments were made with the uncoated WC-Co carbide insert to investigate its machinability. Compared with milling Ti-6Al-4V, the cutting force is much higher and the tool life is considerably shorter in the milling of M28, especially in the high-speed cutting. Serious edge breaking is found at normal cutting speed. While a continuous band of flank wear with significant chip adhesion, which covers comb cracks in the cutting edge, is found in the high-speed cutting tool. The machinability of M28 is considerably poorer than that of Ti-6Al-4V. The hard-to-machine performance of M28 is considered to be subject to the material property of the metastable β titanium alloy as well as the competing mechanism among work hardening, strain rate hardening and the thermal softening in the cutting. According to the detection of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the diffusion of C and Co generates a negative influence on the cutting edge and accelerates the tool wear.
Prediction of Best Corrected Visual Acuity with Hard Contact Lenses for Keratoconus Patients
Authors: Magome Kazuyoshi , Morishige Naoyuki , Nagai Hirofumi , Ueno Akifumi , Matsui Takaaki , Uchio Eiichi
Published: August 2021

Background: To develop a prediction formula for best corrected visual acuity with hard contact lenses (HCL-BCVA) and to identify clinical factors linearly related to HCL-BCVA in keratoconus patients. Methods: This retrospective study examined clinical data derived from 198 eyes of 131 keratoconus patients. The subjects were divided into a development group (102 eyes of 68 subjects) and a validation group (96 eyes of 63 subjects) on the basis of the date of their examination. HCL-BCVA measurement and anterior segment–optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) were performed. A prediction formula for HCL-BCVA based on AS-OCT measurements was then developed. Single regression analysis was performed to identify clinical factors linearly related to HCL-BCVA. Results: Stepwise multiple regression analysis yielded a prediction formula for HCL-BCVA in keratoconus patients, with the correlation coefficient of the multiple regression equation being 0.728 (R2 = 0.530) for the development group. Application of the prediction formula to the validation group yielded a correlation coefficient for the multiple regression equation of 0.641 (R2 = 0.411). Single regression analysis identified anterior corneal refractive power, posterior corneal refractive power, and high-order aberrations as factors that are linearly correlated with HCL-BCVA, with R values of 0.606, -0.617, and 0.506, respectively. Conclusion: HCL-BCVA in keratoconus patients was predictable on the basis of AS-OCT measurements. Cutoff values for clinical factors found to correlate with HCL-BCVA may prove informative with regard to treatment options to maintain a favorable visual acuity in keratoconus patients.
Asymmetric Spacer Junctionless GAA Nanowire FET for Continued Scaling
Authors: Vakkalak Bharath Sreenivasulu , Vadthiya Narendar
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate junctionless (JL) n-channel SOI nanowire FET with asymmetric spacer at nano regime. The impact of various spacer dielectrics on device performance is presented and various electrical characteristics are analyzed. The gate length (LG) scaling impact of the asymmetric spacer with various spacers on ION, IOFF, and ION/IOFF is analyzed. The device exhibits excellent electrical characteristics with SS = 64 mV/dec, DIBL = 45 mV/V, ION/IOFF = 106 even at 5 nm LG ensures better electrostatic integrity. From the result analysis it is noted that spacer plays a detrimental role in reducing OFF current (IOFF) at lower LG. Moreover, the power analysis on scaling with various spacer dielectrics is performed. The analog/RF performance is also performed and scaling feasibility with HfO2 spacer is presented. The result analysis ensures asymmetric JL nanowire FET is one of the possible options to continue scaling.
WITHDRAWN: Clinical Prognosis of Pericardial Effusion in COVID 19
Authors: Saraç İbrahim , Tonkaz Gökhan , Aksakal Emrah , Aydınyılmaz Faruk , Alişar Kaan , Aydın Sidar Şiyar , Gülcü Oktay , Kalkan Kamuran , Aydemir Selim , Doğan Remziye
Published: August 2021

Purpose
In our study, we investigated the relationship between pneumonia severity and pericardial effusion, predisposing factors and the effect of pericardial effusion on clinical prognosis and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Methods
A total of 3794 patients who were diagnosed with COVID- 19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were hospitalized between March 21 and November 30, 2020 were included in the study. For each of the 3794 patients, the initial chest CT images, pericardial efusion (PE), pleural efusion and pneumonia severity were evaluated.
Results
The mean age of patients with PE was higher and it was more common in males. Patients with PE had more comorbid diseases and significantly elevated serum cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers. In addition, the need for intensive care and mortality rates were higher in these patients. While the in-hospital mortality rate was 56.9% in patients with PE and AC involvement above 50%, in-hospital mortality rate was 34.4% in patients with AC involvement above 50% and without PE (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
In patients presenting with severe AC involvement on CT or being followed up with COVID-19 pneumonia, PE often accompanies the deterioration in the laboratories and clinics of the patients. The clinical prognosis in patients presenting with PE was quite poor, and the frequency of intensive care admissions and mortality were significantly higher. In conclusion, in our study, PE emerged as an important finding in the follow-up and management of patients with COVID-19 and reflects the clinical prognosis.
The Role of Ferritin in Assessing COVID-19 Severity
Authors: Polushin Yu. S. , Shlyk I. V. , Gavrilova E. G. , Parshin E. V. , Ginzburg A. M.
Published: August 2021

Ferritin is one of the biomarkers requiring special attention; its blood level increases significantly especially in the severe course of COVID-19. Information on the effect of hyperferritinemia on the disease outcome is very contradictory as are the ideas about the causes of its development.

The objective: to study the effect of hyperferritinemia on the disease outcome and analyse the possible causes of its development in severe COVID-19.

Subjects and Methods. Data on 479 patients with severe course of coronavirus infection treated in intensive care units (ICU) were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, the proportion of patients with a favorable outcome (Group 1) was 51.0% (n = 241), and with an unfavorable outcome (Group 2) - 49.0% (n = 235). The following parameters were assessed: the levels of ferritin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, procalcitonin, complement C5a, total, direct and indirect bilirubin, ALT, AST, and the blood level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The changes of erythrocyte count and hemoglobin blood level were also monitored. In order to form a clear view of iron metabolism, free iron, transferrin, and myoglobin levels were assessed in several patients with high ferritin values (more than 1,500 pg/L).

Results. In the unfavorable outcome, ferritin levels increase very significantly, reaching maximum by day 6 of patients' stay in ICU. The difference in the level of ferritin between the groups of survivors and deceased during this period is clear and significant (p = 0.0013). The association of ferritin values with the outcome is detected as early as day 1, but by day 4 it becomes highly significant (the cut-off point is 1,080 pg/l). No data have been obtained that would indicate the association of hyperferritinemia with impaired iron metabolism, the development of hepatic dysfunction, or cellular destruction. In contrast to survivors, those who died on day 6 had elevated IL-6 while C5a level remained unchanged. 

Conclusions. The rapid increase in ferritin blood levels to 1,000 pg/L or higher is an unfavorable prognostic sign indicating a high probability of a lethal outcome. When assessing genesis of hyperferritinemia in COVID-19, the crucial significance should be attributed to the cytokine storm rather than disorders of iron metabolism or hemotoxic effects of the virus. The persistent increase of ferritin level in blood during 4-6 days of stay in ICU should be considered as a reason to intensify anticytokine therapy.
Predictors of Death in Severe New Coronavirus Infection in Children
Authors: Аleksandrovich Yu. S. , Prometnoy D. V. , Mironov P. I. , Pshenisnov K. V. , Anchutin P. E. , Teplyakova E. D.
Published: August 2021

Currently, in pandemic settings, the new coronavirus infection is the leading cause of adult fatalities and may cause death of children with comorbidities.

The objective of the study is to identify predictors of the fatality of the new coronavirus infection in children.

Subjects and Methods. 230 patients with the new coronavirus infections were examined. The main group of 94 patients with severe COVID-19, the fatal outcome occurred in 25 (26.6%) children. The comparison group consisted of 126 children with a moderate degree of severity, and there were no lethal outcomes.

Results. Children older than 10 years of age (43%) prevailed in the study cohort. Every fifth patient in the main group suffered from shock, and 79 (84%) children had failure of two or more systems/organs. The presence of pronounced manifestations of the disease was associated with a 20-fold increase in the probability of a severe course of COVID-19 (OR = 0.04). Involvement of two organs and systems doubled the risk of death. An acceptable discriminatory ability of the pSOFA score for predicting COVID-19 outcomes in children was identified: sensitivity 83%, specificity 61%, cut-off point 5.6 points.

Conclusion. Predictors of death in severe new coronavirus infection in children include failure of two or more organs and systems, acute renal injury and the pSOFA score above 5.
The Current State of Renal Replacement Therapy in the Treatment of Sepsis
Authors: Kim T. G. , Magomedov M. А. , Protsenko D. N. , Zakharov M. V. , Marukhov А. V. , Chubchenko N. V.
Published: August 2021

Of all cases of acute kidney injury (AKI), 45-70% are associated with sepsis. Lethality in sepsis-associated AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) ranges from 40 to 50%, and in AKI combined with other organ dysfunctions - 60-80%. In order to improve the results of treatment of sepsis and septic shock, various methods of extracorporeal detoxification (ECD) have been developed. The effectiveness of these methods is controversial. In the treatment of sepsis, RRT is used not only to replace the impaired detoxification function of kidneys, but also to remove excess cytokines from the systemic bloodstream. The literature describes mainly positive results of the use of dialyzers with an adsorbing membrane, however, these data do not have the necessary degree of evidence. Currently, there are no clear criteria for the initiation of RRT, its duration and doses, the choice of methodology determined by specific clinical and laboratory parameters, and staging of this therapy. All this highlights the need for further research in this field.
Local transformations of multiple multipartite states
Authors: Neven Antoine , Gunn David Kenworthy , Hebenstreit Martin , Kraus Barbara
Published: August 2021

Understanding multipartite entanglement is vital, as it underpins a wide range of phenomena
across physics. The study of transformations of states via Local Operations assisted by Classical Communication (LOCC) allows one to quantitatively analyse entanglement, as it induces a partial order in the Hilbert space. However, it has been shown that, for systems with fixed local dimensions, this order is generically trivial, which prevents relating multipartite states to each other with respect to any entanglement measure. In order to obtain a non-trivial partial ordering, we study a physically motivated extension of LOCC: multi-state LOCC. Here, one considers simultaneous LOCC transformations acting on a finite number of entangled pure states. We study both multipartite and bipartite multi-state transformations. In the multipartite case, we demonstrate that one can change the stochastic LOCC (SLOCC) class of the individual initial states by only applying Local Unitaries (LUs). We show that, by transferring entanglement from one state to the other, one can perform state conversions not possible in the single copy case; provide examples of multipartite entanglement catalysis; and demonstrate improved probabilistic protocols. In the bipartite case, we identify numerous non-trivial LU transformations and show that the source entanglement is not additive. These results demonstrate that multi-state LOCC has a much richer landscape than single-state LOCC.
FEAR IN MATHEMATICS TEACHING AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Resic Sead , Omerovic Maid ,   Faculty of Education, University of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Palic Ahmed ,   Faculty of Education, University of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: August 2021

The aim of this work is toresearch does exist a fear of mathematics, what are the causes of fear of mathematics, in what forms fear is manifested and what parents do to repress a fear of mathematics at students in higher grades of elementary school. For the purposes of the research, two separate scales were created which measured the fear of mathematics at students from the perspective of parents and students. The research was conducted in the elementary schools in Central Bosnia with students of fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grades. We leave the survey questionnaire at the end, in attachment, so that it can be viewed. Analysis or data processing we worked and we got results which we´ve presented in this work. There shouldn´t be fear in the teaching process.Students shouldn´t come to school under pressure or in fear, but should find ways to motivate themselves to work because of their personal progress and training for life. Parents and teachers help them with that. Achievements in mathematics are researched more than achievements in other subjects because mathematics is important for researching and comparing different educational systems.Because of this importance, we need to find ways to repress the students ’fear of math.Students, except motivation for working, should give encouragement and support. Communication with the child, and communication in the parent-school-student relationship is very important in repressing the child’s fear
BOSNIAN LANGUAGE AND BOSNIAKS
Authors:   Institute for Human Rehabilitation, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kasumović Ahmet
Published: August 2021

Bosnian language is a very important factor of Bosniak identity. It owns active and passive vocabulary. Bosniak identity is confirmed by the Bosnian language. Identity and language are causally linked.
On some approaches to increasing performance and cost-efficiency of Russian regional AIDS centers
Authors:   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, Gilenko Evgenii V. , Ivanov Andrei E. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, Batueva Ekaterina M. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2021

The paper discusses the problem of counteracting the spread of HIV/AIDS in Russia. This disease is the main cause of death for the Russian working-age population, which annually takes tens of thousands of lives and hinders the achievement of such goals of the Russian state policy as preserving the health and well-being of Russian people. The principal elements of the system of HIV/AIDS counteraction are regional AIDS prevention and control centers (AIDS centers), whose improvement of performance is required by the “State Strategy for Counteracting the Spread of the HIV Infection in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 and beyond”. In this paper, based on the proposed modification of M. Porter’s care delivery value chain model, we demonstrate the ways of enhancing the performance of a regional AIDS center by increasing the value of its services and reducing the costs of their provision due to strengthening the channels of transferring information about HIV/AIDS to the population, improving the accuracy of predicting new registered cases of HIV/AIDS, as well as perfecting public procurement of the necessary medicines and consumables. Our calculations are based on real data of the Perm AIDS center. As a result, relevant recommendations are formulated for the leadership of the Perm AIDS center on the ways of interaction with the population, prediction of new HIV/AIDS cases, and conducting public procurement of drugs and consumables for the needs of the center.
The determinants of returnees’ decision to come back to Russia
Authors:   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, Shagalkina Mariia V. , Telov Viacheslav V. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, Latukha Marina O. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, Panibratov Andrei Yu. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2021

The article examines the determinants of the returnees’ decision to come back to Russia. Returnees from developed countries possess high levels of both human and social capital which allow them to contribute to the organizational outcomes of the emerging market firms. Moreover, researchers consider the influx of returnees to developing countries as a solution to the brain drain. Russia is experiencing brain drain as the highly skilled specialists’ outflow from the country exceeds their inflow. However, there is lack of studies examining returnees in the Russian context. Using a sample of 90 returnees from developed countries working in Russia, we found that career opportunities and expectations of high wages in Russia, as well as family reasons have the greatest impact on returnees’ decision to come back to Russia. Talent management practices aimed at attraction, development and retention of returnees, appeared to have a significant influence on the respondents’ decision to return and find employment in a Russian company. At the same time, upon their return, the returnees experienced difficulties in finding a job and a salary adequate to their experience and knowledge. It turns out that companies in Russia do not fully appreciate knowledge and experience that returnees have and the contribution they can make to the development of the company. The research results have both theoretical and practical significance for the development of migration policies and practices at the country and firm levels.
The newspaper “Babochka” (1829–1832) as a linguistic source
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies, Diaghileva Irina B.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the newspaper “Babochka” as an important source for philological research, which objectively reflects the linguistic processes of its time. Translated articles selected from leading periodicals in Europe and America, creatively revised by the authors, included the Russian reader in the world media space. A differential approach is used in the article that focuses primarily on the dynamic elements of the lexical and semantic system. The newspaper presents the innovations of the early 19th century, including borrowings, foreign language inclusions, complex adjectives formed in Russian, and dialect words. As a result of the analysis of the source, the emergence of new meanings for words already in use was noted, the dating of a number of new lexemes was clarified, and contexts for their semantization were identified. The work concludes that the rare words and rare word usage recorded in the texts of the newspaper “Babochka” can be considered as valuable materials for historical lexicology.
The language of folk dream-divination in the “Collection of materials for describing the terrain and tribes of the Caucasus” (1881–1915): The collection of M. A. Kharlamov
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sadova Tatiana S.
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the linguistic features of folklore texts of dream-divination published by Mikhail Kharlamov in the popular journal Collection of materials for the description of the area and tribes of the Caucasus, published in Tiflis from 1881 to 1915. The regional and all-Russian features of the unique folklore collection, which also reflected the individual characteristics of the collecting style of Kharlamov himself who was one of the regular authors of this journal, are described. The ethnographic and local lore orientation of most of the publications and the patronage from the Caucasian educational district contributed to the fact that the journal was perceived as a serious educational publication, therefore the language of its main materials can be characterized as clear and simple, and the style as truly popular science in modern terminology. It should be noted that when documenting some folklore texts, there is a “forcible ennobling” of folk speech when, for example, in the recording of dream-divination for the collector or editor, there are clearly literary lexical inclusions, which creates the effect of a stylistic seam in the text of such a recording. Despite this, the constancy and stability of the basic symbolic conditioning between the sign of a dream and its prognosis is revealed, which, as a rule, have deep mythological foundations. The general Russian folklore unity of the materials included in this collection is also emphasized, which manifested itself in the organization of the dream-divination text, its lexical composition, and grammatical form.
Reviews of Russian periodicals in “The Journal of the Ministry of National Education”: Evaluative adjectives in an official government publication
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies, Ezerinya Svetlana A.
Published: August 2021

By the 1830s, the role of literature and journalism in shaping public opinion and promoting state ideology was growing in Russia. One of the first attempts of the government to take control of this process was the decision to publish The Journal of the Ministry of Education, with a mandatory review of domestic periodicals. The most important communicative purpose of the review of texts was to familiarize readers with the most important and well-meaning publications of Russian-language periodicals from the point of view of editorial reviewers. The inherent evaluative component of these texts is obvious, for the purpose of which all possible linguistic means allowed within the official publication were used, a significant role among which was assigned to evaluative adjectives and attributive collocations as the most capacious and concise characteristics of the described object. The objects of macro-evaluation through adjectives were peer-reviewed articles, their authors and periodicals on the whole; relevance, quality, educational value, accuracy and usefulness of the publications, their compliance with the official views, the author’s style, some individual facts of their content, etc. were subjectto adjectival micro-evaluation. In the journal’s reviews of Russian periodicals, there are approximately100 different-typed evaluative adjectives, including both adjectives of general evaluation (otlichnyi, otmennyi, prevoskhodnyi, khoroshii, etc.) and of a partial one. The mostcommonly used of all evaluative adjectives throughout the existence of reviews were the adjectives liubopytnyi ‘having cognitive value’ and zamechatel’nyi ‘worthy of attention’, which cover almost all sections in the reviews. By the 1860s, the style of writing media-reviews in the journal became well established. During this time, individual author’s words and attributive collocations almost go out of use and rows of homogeneous attributes become rare. Additionally, the range of evaluative adjectives involved is narrowed and impoverished, and they themselves get an exclusively neutral stylistic colour, which is specific to the official publication.
Liturgical theology of psalm 120 (121)
Authors:   Ss. Cyril and Methodius Theological Institute of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Pikovskiy Ivan V. ,   Russian Federation Sretensky Theological Seminary
Published: August 2021

The Songs of Ascents (Psalms 120–134) can be understood as the songs of the pilgrims, historically associated with Sion and symbolically with man’s journey along the road of life. Included in this collection psalm 120 (121) is rather short and does not contain references to historical events of the past. This is why probably it was left without attention in Russian biblical studies. In foreign studies, this poem is often interpreted as a private song of a pilgrim leaving his home, written in the form of a dialogue between father and son (Bob Becking, Arthur Weiser, Klaus Seibold). Following Sigmund Mouvenkel, Hans-Joachim Kraus and Marina Manatti, the author of this article suggests a liturgical approach to the analysis of the psalm 120 (121). The poem contains a rhetorical question from a pilgrim (v. 1), a priest’s answer (v. 2) and words of consolation (v. 3–8). The theology of the psalm focuses the reader’s attention on the role of YHWH, who in relation to man is not only the creator, but also the helper, guardian, stronghold and cover. The peculiarities of the “liturgical theology” of this hymn, according to the author, show that in the present form, psalm 120 is adapted for liturgical performance. Consequently, the psalm was primarily performed in the Jerusalem temple by priests or Levites, and afterwards, it was sung by ordinary Israelites on their way back home.
Governance conundrum in pursuit of the human right to water and sanitation: tracking the progress of the leave-no-one-behind principle in Uganda
Authors: Ahabwe G. Z. , Batega D. W. , Ssewaya A. , Niwagaba C. B.
Published: August 2021

The Government of Uganda is a party to numerous international and national commitments, laws and regulatory frameworks to deliver the socio-economic transformation of its citizens. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) commit states, Uganda inclusive, to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030. According to the SDG 6 resolutions, the rights to water and sanitation are legally binding upon states, which have the primary responsibility to ensure their full realization, including unserved and under-served areas. While the SDGs came into force after 2015, it is not clear the extent to which Uganda's policies, legal instruments and practice are aligned to the SDGs. A combined methodology was adopted to undertake the study under a cross-sectional design. The study reviewed relevant literature such as sector performance reports on water and sanitation. Purposive sampling was used to select relevant informants for primary data. Key informant interviews were held with representatives of relevant government agencies, United Nations agencies, civil society organisations, indigenous communities and the private sector. Findings indicate that while the Government of Uganda has made tremendous efforts regarding the right to water and sanitation, enormous challenges and gaps remain. For instance, the pro-poor strategies to access safe water, sanitation and hygiene facilities are largely insignificant.
Formación Académica del Ápice Estratégico de las Universidades Estatales en Chile
Authors: Ganga-Contreras Francisco Anibal , Alarcón Nancy , Paillamán María Paz , Navarrete Andrade Erwin , Araya-Castillo Luis
Published: August 2021

Las universidades son consideradas el ejemplo paradigmático de las instituciones del conocimiento, por lo mismo, se espera que estas sean lideradas por personas con las mayores competencias directivas y académicas disponibles. En este sentido, el estudio tiene como propósito cardinal describir la gestión de conocimiento vinculado a la formación académica del ápice estratégico de universidades estatales chilenas, con el objeto de orientar la definición de políticas respecto de los requisitos formales que se deben establecer para ocupar los altos cargos directivos en este tipo de entidades públicas. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se realiza una investigación descriptiva de carácter documental, analizando los perfiles de un total de ochenta y seis rectores, prorrectores y vicerrectores. El análisis realizado, determinó que existe una baja postgraduación, especialmente en las áreas de las ciencias sociales, administrativas o de gestión; llamando particularmente la atención el bajo porcentaje de rectores que poseen el grado académico de doctor.
The Egyptian context of the invention of the alphabet (inscriptions from serabit Al-Khadim and Wadi Al-Hôl)
Authors: Nowogórski Przemysław
Published: August 2021

The article presents the beginnings of alphabetic writing in Sinai (Serabit al-Chadim) in the context of the Egyptian hieroglyphic writing and the subsequent early alphabetic inscriptions from Wadi al-Hôl (Egypt) and Wadi Arava (Israel). In the light of the present state of research it can be concluded that the oldest alphabet (type: abgad) was established by Semites working in the copper mines on the Sinai Peninsula under the rule of Egypt, probably in the nineteenth century BC. Egyptian hieroglyphs had direct impact on the Semitic alphabetic writing. The alphabetic inscriptions in the Wadi al-Hôl and Wadi Arava discovered in recent years turned out to be younger than the Sinaitic inscriptions and are another element in the early development of alphabetic writing.