bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fe-Ni-Al-Ta polycrystalline shape memory alloys showing excellent superelasticity
Authors: Chen Zhaoxia , Peng Wenyi
Published: September 2019

Fe-Ni-Co-Al-Ta polycrystalline shape memory alloys have received extensive attention due to their excellent properties such as huge superelasticity, high strength and high damping. We herein report that Fe-Ni-Al-Ta polycrystalline alloys also have excellent superelasticity, which can exhibit a large superelastic strain of more than 17% in compression at room temperature. This superelasticity has slim hysteresis and is greatly affected by the content of Ta in the alloys. In this work, Fe-Ni-Al-Ta shape memory alloys reveal some characteristics that are different from the reported Fe-Ni-Co-Al-based shape memory alloys.
Three-dimensional porous graphene anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Mace Annsley , Montalvo Melisa , Lu Yang , Wujcik Evan K. , Jeon Ju-Won
Published: September 2019

Porous graphene possesses great potential as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Due to the porosity of the graphene, the increase in surface area allows for shorter diffusion length for electrolyte ions. Herein, the porous graphene oxide is created using the breath figure method, and then reduced by chemical, electrochemical, or thermal means. Sodium storage performance of the devised porous graphene is investigated and compared. Reduced graphene oxide shows altered hierarchical porous structures, which are highly dependent on reduction method and conditions. Of the three reduction methods, thermal reduction shows a superior sodium storage performance, yielding a maximum discharge capacity of 187[Formula: see text]mAh/g and charge capacity of 63[Formula: see text]mAh/g at a current rate of 50[Formula: see text]mA/g.
(1,0)-Relaxed strong edge list coloring of planar graphs with girth 6
Authors: Lin Kai , Chen Min , Chen Dong
Published: September 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph. An [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge [Formula: see text]-coloring is a mapping [Formula: see text] such that for any edge [Formula: see text], there are at most [Formula: see text] edges adjacent to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] edges which are distance two apart from [Formula: see text] assigned the same color as [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong chromatic index, denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum number [Formula: see text] of an [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong [Formula: see text]-edge-coloring admitted by [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge [Formula: see text]-colorable if for a given list assignment [Formula: see text], there exists an [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge coloring [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge [Formula: see text]-colorable for any list assignment with [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is said to be [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge [Formula: see text]-choosable. The [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong list chromatic index, denoted by [Formula: see text], is defined to be the smallest integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge [Formula: see text]-choosable.

In this paper, we prove that every planar graph [Formula: see text] with girth 6 satisfies that [Formula: see text]. This strengthens a result which says that every planar graph [Formula: see text] with girth 7 and [Formula: see text] satisfies that [Formula: see text].
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among Presumptive MDR-TB Patients in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Mehari Kibriti , Asmelash Tsehaye , Hailekiros Haftamu , Wubayehu Tewolde , Godefay Hagos , Araya Tadele , Saravanan Muthupandian
Published: September 2019

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems. There are alarming reports of increasing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MTR-TB) from various parts of the globe, including Ethiopia. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with MDR-TB among presumptive MDR-TB cases in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tigray Regional State from 2015 to 2016. Two hundred sputum samples were collected, transported, processed using 2% N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide, and cultured in LJ medium. Besides, the microscopic examination was performed after ZN staining. Moreover, drug susceptibility test was done using molecular line probe assay. Descriptive statistics and binary and multivariable logistic regression were done. A statistical test was regarded as significant when the P value was <0.05. Results. The prevalence of MDR-TB was found to be 18.5%. About one-fourth (26.5%) of the study participants had sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). TB culture was positive in 37% of the samples, and rifampicin mono-resistant cases accounted for 3.5% of the presumptive MDR-TB cases. Three (1.5%) were new MDR-TB cases, while the rest had been treated previously for TB. Most (63.5%) of the MDR-TB cases were from 15 to 44 years of age. Age was associated with MDR-TB with a crude odds ratio of 1.06 (CI: 1.02–1.10) and adjusted odds ratio of 1.06 (CI: 1.00–1.11). Conclusions. The prevalence of MDR-TB was found to be high. Preventive measures should be taken to prevent the transmission of MDR-TB in the community.
A LightGBM-Based EEG Analysis Method for Driver Mental States Classification
Authors: Zeng Hong , Yang Chen , Zhang Hua , Wu Zhenhua , Zhang Jiaming , Dai Guojun , Babiloni Fabio , Kong Wanzeng
Published: September 2019

Fatigue driving can easily lead to road traffic accidents and bring great harm to individuals and families. Recently, electroencephalography- (EEG-) based physiological and brain activities for fatigue detection have been increasingly investigated. However, how to find an effective method or model to timely and efficiently detect the mental states of drivers still remains a challenge. In this paper, we combine common spatial pattern (CSP) and propose a light-weighted classifier, LightFD, which is based on gradient boosting framework for EEG mental states identification. The comparable results with traditional classifiers, such as support vector machine (SVM), convolutional neural network (CNN), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and large margin nearest neighbor (LMNN), show that the proposed model could achieve better classification performance, as well as the decision efficiency. Furthermore, we also test and validate that LightFD has better transfer learning performance in EEG classification of driver mental states. In summary, our proposed LightFD classifier has better performance in real-time EEG mental state prediction, and it is expected to have broad application prospects in practical brain-computer interaction (BCI).
Study of Synthesis and Flocculation Properties of New Modified Hydrophobic Organic Polymer P(AM-DM-DMC12)
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhang Huanzhen , Ma Zhuohui
Published: September 2019

A new modified hydrophobic organic polymer P(AM-DM-DMC12) is synthesized by free radical polymerization of three monomers in aqueous solution using a REDOX initiator system. Its structure is characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR, the effect of reaction conditions on the product is studied, and the flocculation performance and mechanism are discussed with the aim of wastewater turbidity and COD removal rate. The results showed that the synthesized compounds accorded with the target structure, and the optimum synthetic conditions are as follows: the molar ratio of AM, DM, and DMC12 is 4 : 1 : 1, total mass fraction of monomer is 35%, the mass fraction of redox initiator is 0.06%, and the molecular weight of P(AM-DM-DMC12) is 1.02×107. Moreover, the flocculation effect of P(AM-DM-DMC12) is obviously better than that of PAM, and it has the advantages of short flocculation time, low dosage, and wide application range of pH and has a good industrial application value and prospect.
Bone Mass and Strength and Fall-Related Fractures in Older Age
Authors: Uusi-Rasi Kirsti , Karinkanta Saija , Tokola Kari , Kannus Pekka , Sievänen Harri
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Low bone mineral density is a risk factor for fractures. The aim of this follow-up study was to assess the association of various bone properties with fall-related fractures. Materials and Methods. 187 healthy women aged 55 to 83 years at baseline who were either physically active or inactive were followed for 20 years. They were divided into two groups by whether or not they sustained fall-related fractures: fracture group (F) and nonfracture group (NF). At baseline, several bone properties were measured with DXA and pQCT, and their physical performance was also assessed. Results. During the follow-up, 120 women had no fall-related fractures, while 67 (38%) sustained at least one fall with fracture. NF group had about 4 to 11% greater BMD at the femoral neck and distal radius; the mean differences (95% CI) were 4.5 (0.3 to 8.6) % and 11.1 (6.3 to 16.1) %, respectively. NF group also had stronger bone structure at the tibia, the mean difference in BMC at the distal tibia was 6.0 (2.2 to 9.7) %, and at the tibial shaft 3.6 (0.4 to 6.8) %. However, there was no mean difference in physical performance. Conclusions. Low bone properties contribute to the risk of fracture if a person falls. Therefore, in the prevention of fragility fractures, it is essential to focus on improving bone mass, density, and strength during the lifetime. Reduction of falls by improving physical performance, balance, mobility, and muscle power is equally important.
Inhibition of CD83 Alleviates Systemic Inflammation in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Induced Behçet’s Disease Model Mouse
Authors: Islam S. M. Shamsul , Byun Hae-Ok , Choi Bunsoon , Sohn Seonghyang
Published: September 2019

Behçet’s disease (BD) is an autoinflammatory disease that can lead to life- and sight-threating complications. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that can regulate multiple inflammatory pathways. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of the DC stimulatory molecule CD83 with BD. Frequencies of costimulatory molecules expressing DCs in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were measured by flow cytometry (FACS). The severity of symptoms in HSV-1-induced BD symptomatic mice was also assessed. Frequencies of CD83-positive cells were significantly increased in mice exhibiting BD symptoms, compared to those in asymptomatic mice. Abatacept, a CD80/86 blocker, significantly decreased the frequencies of CD83-positive cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. BD symptomatic mice treated with Abatacept showed gradual reduction in the severity score of symptoms. Intraperitoneal injection of CD83 siRNA significantly reduced the frequencies of CD83-positive cells in PBL and peritoneal macrophages. After CD83 siRNA injection, BD symptoms of mice were improved and disease severity was decreased. Discontinuation of CD83 siRNA deteriorated symptoms while readministration of CD83 siRNA again improved BD symptoms of mice. These results clearly indicate the involvement of CD83-expressing cells in the inflammatory symptoms of BD. Therefore, CD83 might be useful as a therapeutic target for BD.
Development of a High-Performance Magnetic Field Sensor and Its Application to a Magnetic Field Visualization System Using the Augmented Reality Technique
Authors: Nakamura Hisahide , Mizuno Yukio , Pandarakone Shrinathan Esakimuthu
Published: September 2019

Two- or three-dimensional visualization of magnetic flux density distribution around sources is quite informative for understanding the field environment intuitively. Measurement of magnetic flux density, as well as positioning of measuring points in space, has to be performed in a short time because temporal variation in the source current results in different field environments. It is also valuable to obtain the frequency spectrum of the magnetic field simultaneously at the time of field measurement, especially for sources generating high-frequency components like inverter-driven equipment. This paper develops a high-performance magnetic field sensor which satisfies the above requirements. And, as an application of it, the magnetic field visualization system using the augmented reality (AR) technique is proposed by combining two sensors: one is a magnetic field sensor described above, and the other is a Kinect sensor which has a skeleton tracking function as position determination.
Calprotectin and Calgranulin C as Biomarkers of Pancreatic Tumors: Baseline Levels and Level Changes after Surgery
Authors: Holub Michal , Bartáková Eva , Stráníková Alžběta , Koblihová Eva , Arientová Simona , Blahutová Marie , Máca Jan , Ryska Miroslav
Published: September 2019

Pancreatic tumors and their surgical resection are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and the biomarkers currently used for these conditions have limited sensitivity and specificity. Because calprotectin and calgranulin C serum levels have been demonstrated to be potential biomarkers of certain cancers and complications of major surgery, the levels of both proteins were tested in the current study in patients with benign and malignant pancreatic tumors that were surgically removed. The baseline serum levels and kinetics of calprotectin and calgranulin C during the 7-day postoperative period were evaluated with immunoassays in 98 adult patients who underwent pancreatic surgery. The baseline serum levels of calprotectin and calgranulin C in patients with malignant (n=84) and benign tumors (n=14) were significantly higher (p<0.01) when compared to those in the healthy controls (n=26). The serum levels of both proteins were also significantly (p<0.05) higher in patients with benign tumors than in those with malignant tumors. After surgery, the serum levels of calprotectin and calgranulin C were significantly (p<0.01) higher than their baseline values, and this elevation persisted throughout the seven days of the follow-up period. Interestingly, starting on day 1 of the postoperative period, the serum levels of both proteins were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the 37 patients who developed postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPFs) than in the patients who had uneventful recoveries (n=61). Moreover, the serum levels of calprotectin and calgranulin C demonstrated a significant predictive value for the development of POPF; the predictive values of these two proteins were better than those of the serum level of C-reactive protein and the white blood cell count. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that calprotectin and calgranulin C serum levels are potential biomarkers for pancreatic tumors, surgical injury to the pancreatic tissue and the development of POPFs.
MSC-Derived Exosome Promotes M2 Polarization and Enhances Cutaneous Wound Healing
Authors: He Xiaoning , Dong Zhiwei , Cao Yina , Wang Han , Liu Shiyu , Liao Li , Jin Yan , Yuan Lin , Li Bei
Published: September 2019

Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) promotes cutaneous wound healing. Numerous studies have shown that the therapeutic effects of MSCT appear to be mediated by paracrine signaling. However, the cell-cell interaction during MSCT between MSCs and macrophages in the region of cutaneous wound healing is still unknown. In this study, early depletion of macrophages delayed the wound repair with MSC injection, which suggested that MSC-mediated wound healing required macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrated that systemically infused bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) and jaw bone marrow MSCs (JMMSCs) could translocate to the wound site, promote macrophages toward M2 polarization, and enhance wound healing.In vitrococulture of MSCs with macrophages enhanced their M2 polarization. Mechanistically, we found that exosomes derived from MSCs induced macrophage polarization and depletion of exosomes of MSCs reduced the M2 phenotype of macrophages. Infusing MSCs without exosomes led to lower number of M2 macrophages at the wound site along with delayed wound repair. We further showed that the miR-223, derived from exosomes of MSCs, regulated macrophage polarization by targeting pknox1. These findings provided the evidence that MSCT elicits M2 polarization of macrophages and may accelerate wound healing by transferring exosome-derived microRNA.
Energy Release Analysis of a Severe Rockburst in a Headrace Tunnel Crossing a Tectonic Stress Zone
Authors: Tian H. M. , Chen W. Z. , Ma C. S. , Yang D. S. , Tan X. J.
Published: September 2019

When tunneling in a hard and brittle rock mass within a tectonic stress zone, dynamic failure of rock mass‐rockburst may occur. Considering the occurrence of rockburst is generally induced by a sudden release of storage elastic energy, a numerical analysis based on the geotechnical conditions of the headrace tunnels of the Neelum–Jhelum hydroelectric project was carried out to investigate the variations of the storage elastic energy of surrounding rock mass during excavation in the tectonic stress zone. As expected, the numerical results show that the storage elastic energy concentration zones is elliptical around the tunnel due to the influence of the tectonic stress field and that the long axis of the ellipse is perpendicular to the orientation of the maximum principal stress of the tectonic stress. Furthermore, the calculated storage energy concentration zone is consistent with the locations of blasting overbreak in the tunnel. Rockburst predictions were carried out using the strength‐stress ratio and energy criteria to identify the applicability of the criteria in a tectonic stress zone. The comparisons between the predictions and the field observations show that the strength‐stress ratio criteria based on the uniaxial tests do not consider the influence of the tectonic stress on the strength of the rock. These criteria overpredict the extent of the blasting pits in the tectonic stress zone. However, the energy criteria based on the energy conversion of unloading confining pressure tests are able to reflect the influence of the tectonic stress, and the prediction results are more close to the field observations.
Effects of Exercise Training on Handgrip Strength in Older Adults: A Meta-Analytical Review
Authors: Labott Berit Kristin , Bucht Heidi , Morat Mareike , Morat Tobias , Donath Lars
Published: September 2019

Background: Handgrip strength measurements are feasible with older adults and a reliable indicator for vitality, physical function, and several risk factors in the ageing process. Interventions with exercise training induce a variety of strength, balance, and endurance improvements. The pooled transfer effects of exercise training on handgrip strength has not been investigated to date. Thus, the objective of this meta-analytical review is to examine the effects of different exercise training on handgrip strength in healthy community-dwelling older adults of 60 years or older. Methods: The literature search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) using the following search terms with Boolean conjunctions: (hand grip* OR grip strength OR grip power) AND (sport* OR train* OR exercis* OR strength OR intervention OR endurance OR resistance OR balance OR aerob*) AND (old* OR elder* OR senior*). Non-randomized and randomized controlled trials with an exercise training and handgrip strength as the outcome parameter were screened. Study quality was independently assessed by two researchers using the PEDro scale. Comparison of handgrip strength between the intervention and control groups was conducted by using the hedges g (including adjustment for small sample sizes), calculating standardized mean differences (SMDs). A random effects inverse-variance model was applied for statistical analysis. Results: Twenty-four trials (mean PEDro score 5.8 ± 0.9) with a total of 3,018 participants (mean age 73.3 ± 6.0 years) were included. Small but significant effects (p < 0.001) on handgrip strength were observed (SMD 0.28, 95% CI 0.13–0.44). Study heterogeneity (I2 56%) and the funnel shape for publication bias analyses were acceptable. Conclusions: Meaningful but small transfer effects of a multitude of different training approaches on handgrip strength occurred in healthy community-dwelling older adults. Handgrip strength cannot clearly be recommended to assess general functional performance for all kinds of exercise programs, whereas task-specific training and multimodal training modes seem to provide an appropriate stimulus to also improve handgrip strength.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio among Patients with Vestibular Neuritis
Authors: Shushan Sagit , Shemesh Shay , Ungar Omer J. , Cavel Oren , Handzel Ophir , Tamir Sharon Ovnat , Oron Yahav
Published: September 2019

Objective: To compare the level of the inflammatory markers (IM) neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) among healthy subjects and those presenting with vestibular neuritis (VN). Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital setting. The medical records of patients (20–60 years old) who were hospitalized between the years 2005 and 2014 with the diagnosis of VN were retrieved. Inclusion criteria were: (1) acute vertigo lasting for at least 24 h, (2) absence of auditory complaints, (3) presence of horizontal unidirectional nystagmus during physical examination, (4) absence of neurological symptoms or signs. The levels of the IM were compared with levels reported among two large cohorts of healthy subjects, within the same age range. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the levels of NLR in VN subjects compared with controls, with higher levels of NLR in VN subjects (p < 0.001), while no significant difference was found between both groups concerning the levels of PLR. Conclusion: Higher levels of IM were found among VN patients, with significantly higher levels of NLR, but not PLR. This may suggest a possible inflammatory etiology of VN.
The Impact of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms on the Insulin Resistance Index in Patients with Diabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Karimi Helma , Nezhadali Masoumeh , Hedayati Mehdi , Mahdavi Maryam , Sheikholeslami Sara
Published: September 2019

Background: Some adipokine hormones can affect both human and animal models of insulin resistance. Aims: This study was conducted to assess the association between rs17300539 and rs266729 of the adiponectin gene and insulin resistance and anthropometric and metabolic characteristics in impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic participants. Methods: DNA was extracted from 80 participants with fasting blood sugar (FBS) <100 mg/dL in nondiabetics and 80 participants with FBS ≥100 mg/dL in the IFG/T2DM group. Genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20. Insulin and adiponectin hormone were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other biochemical variables were determined using the standard methods. Results: The levels of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) between the IFG/T2DM and the nondiabetic group were significantly different (IFG/T2DM = 3.27, nondiabetic = 1.71; p < 0.001). The frequency of the GA genotype of rs17300539 was higher in the insulin-resistant (HOMA-IR ≥2.6, 29.7%) than in the insulin-sensitive group (HOMA-IR <2.6, 18.4%) and the GG genotype were more frequent in the insulin-sensitive group (81.6%); however, it had a marginal association (p = 0.07). This association was not statistically significant for rs266729. HOMA-IR had a positive correlation with triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) and was negatively correlated with adiponectin level. Conclusion: IFG/T2DM patients have a higher level of HOMA-IR in comparison with nondiabetics. The genotype of GA in rs17300539 increases the risk of HOMA-IR. HOMA-IR has a positive correlation with TC and TG. Moreover, HOMA-IR increases the risk of T2DM.
Novas linhas de pobreza para o Brasil: uma análise a partir das pesquisas de orçamentos familiares (POF) 2002-2003 e 2008-2009
Authors: Rodrigues Cristiana , Helfand Steven , Lima João
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é obter novas linhas de pobreza para o Brasil baseado nos dados das Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2002-03 e 2008-09. Uma metodologia de imputações para erros de mensuração e para fluxo de serviços com bens duráveis é apresentada. São estimadas linhas de pobreza de alimentos e linhas ajustadas para itens não-alimentares. Embora apenas 2,1% e 10,7% da população tenham sido consideradas extremamente pobres e pobres com base nas linhas do Programa Bolsa Família, 5,5%, 14,7% foram identificados como pobres de acordo com as linhas estimadas no presente estudo. São discutidas as implicações para as políticas públicas.
Eficiência e Autonomia Escolar: Evidências para o Período 2007-2013
Authors: Oliveira Victor , Souza Wallace , Annegues Ana
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é mensurar a eficiência das escolas públicas brasileiras e os condicionantes do seu grau de eficiência no período 2007--2013. Realizou-se um procedimento em três estágios: um estimador não paramétrico adequado à presença de outliers, o desconto da não discricionariedade e um método de regressão quantílica com censura. Encontrou-se que a autonomia escolar assume um papel pouco relevante no processo de gestão das escolas.
Automated Detection of Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusions on Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Amukotuwa Shalini A. , Straka Matus , Smith Heather , Chandra Ronil V. , Dehkharghani Seena , Fischbein Nancy J. , Bammer Roland
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—

Endovascular thrombectomy is highly effective in acute ischemic stroke patients with an anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO), decreasing morbidity and mortality. Accurate and prompt identification of LVOs is imperative because these patients have large volumes of tissue that are at risk of infarction without timely reperfusion, and the treatment window is limited to 24 hours. We assessed the accuracy and speed of a commercially available fully automated LVO-detection tool in a cohort of patients presenting to a regional hospital with suspected stroke.

Methods—

Consecutive patients who underwent multimodal computed tomography with thin-slice computed tomography angiography between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018 for suspected acute ischemic stroke within 24 hours of onset were retrospectively identified. The multimodal computed tomographies were assessed by 2 neuroradiologists in consensus for the presence of an intracranial anterior circulation LVO or M2-segment middle cerebral artery occlusion (the reference standard). The patients’ computed tomography angiographies were then processed using an automated LVO-detection algorithm (RAPID CTA). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to determine sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of the algorithm for detection of (1) an LVO and (2) either an LVO or M2-segment middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Results—

CTAs from 477 patients were analyzed (271 men and 206 women; median age, 71; IQR, 60–80). Median processing time was 158 seconds (IQR, 150–167 seconds). Seventy-eight patients had an anterior circulation LVO, and 28 had an isolated M2-segment middle cerebral artery occlusion. The sensitivity, negative predictive value, and specificity were 0.94, 0.98, and 0.76, respectively for detection of an intracranial LVO and 0.92, 0.97, and 0.81, respectively for detection of either an intracranial LVO or M2-segment middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Conclusions—

The fully automated algorithm had very high sensitivity and negative predictive value for LVO detection with fast processing times, suggesting that it can be used in the emergent setting as a screening tool to alert radiologists and expedite formal diagnosis.
Deviation From Personalized Blood Pressure Targets Is Associated With Worse Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Silverman Andrew , Kodali Sreeja , Strander Sumita , Gilmore Emily J. , Kimmel Alexandra , Wang Anson , Cord Branden , Falcone Guido , Hebert Ryan , Matouk Charles , Sheth Kevin N. , Petersen Nils H.
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—

Optimal blood pressure (BP) management during the early stages of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage remains uncertain. Observational studies have found worse outcomes in patients with increased hemodynamic variability, suggesting BP optimization as a potential neuroprotective strategy. In this study, we calculated personalized BP targets at which cerebral autoregulation was best preserved. We analyzed how deviation from these limits correlates with functional outcome.

Methods—

We prospectively enrolled 31 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Autoregulatory function was continuously measured by interrogating changes in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived tissue oxygenation—a surrogate for cerebral blood flow—as well as intracranial pressure (ICP) in response to changes in mean arterial pressure using time-correlation analysis. The resulting autoregulatory indices were used to identify the upper and lower limit of autoregulation. Percent time that mean arterial pressure exceeded limits of autoregulation was calculated for each patient. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale at discharge and 90 days. Associations with outcome were analyzed using ordinal multivariate logistic regression.

Results—

Personalized limits of autoregulation were computed in all patients (age 57.5±13.4, 23F, mean World Federation of Neurological Surgeons 2±1, monitoring time 67.8±50.8 hours). Optimal BP and limits of autoregulation were calculated on average for 89.5±6.7% of the total monitoring period. ICP- and NIRS-derived optimal pressures strongly correlated with one another (
P
<0.0001). Percent time that mean arterial pressure deviated from limits of autoregulation significantly associated with worse functional outcome at discharge (NIRS,
P
=0.001; ICP,
P
=0.004) and 90 days (NIRS,
P
=0.002; ICP,
P
=0.003), adjusting separately for age, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons, vasospasm, and delayed cerebral ischemia.

Conclusions—

Both invasive (ICP) and noninvasive (NIRS) determination of personalized BP targets after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is feasible, and these 2 approaches revealed significant collinearity. Furthermore, exceeding individualized limits of autoregulation was associated with poor functional outcomes.
Murispora aquatica sp. nov. and Murispora fagicola, a new record from freshwater habitat in China

Authors: BAO DAN-FENG , WANASINGHE DHANUSHKA N. , LUO ZONG-LONG , MORTIMER PETER E. , KUMAR VINIT , SU HONG-YAN , HYDE KEVIN D.
Published: September 2019

We are currently studying lignicolous freshwater fungi in China. In this paper, we introduce two taxonomic accounts to the  family Amniculicolaceae in Pleosporales viz. Murispora aquatica sp. nov (from Yunnan) and a new record of Murispora fagicola (from Tibet). The conclusions were derived from both morphological comparisons and the results of phylogenetic analyses (concatenated ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF1-α sequence data). The new species is compared with other existing species of Murispora and comprehensive descriptions and micro-photographs are provided.
Tremateia murispora sp. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from Guizhou, China

Authors: FENG YAO , ZHANG SHENG-NAN , LIU ZUO-YI
Published: September 2019

An Ascomycetous species was found from decaying woody stems in Guizhou, China. Morphologically, the fungus can be assigned well in Tremateia in having immersed ascomata, cellular pseudoparaphyses and muriform ascospores, but it differs from other species in having the 3–7 transverse septa ascospores surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. Phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated dataset of ITS, LSU, SSUand TEF1-α sequence data indicated that the fungus belongs to the genus Tremateia, Didymosphaeriaceae, four taxa formed a monophyletic clade and represent the genus Tremateia with well supported. The new collection formed a distinct lineage and can be recognized as a new species. Therefore, a new species Tremateia murispora is introduced with detailed description and illustration, the notes on its morphologically and phylogenetically related taxa is provided.
Length Scales of Hydrological Variability as Inferred from SMAP Soil Moisture Retrievals
Authors: Koster Randal D. , Reichle Rolf H. , Schubert Siegfried D. , Mahanama Sarith P.
Published: September 2019

Hydrological variability at a given location is characterized in part by a horizontal length scale—a measure of how far one can travel from that location and still see similar time variations of a hydrological variable of interest. Here, using Level-2 soil moisture retrievals produced by the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, we compute global distributions of these length scales for the Northern Hemisphere warm and cold seasons (May–September and November–March, respectively). The length scales show significant spatial and seasonal variability, with, as expected, much larger values (e-folding scales of greater than 500 km) often seen in the cold season, when convective rainfall is less prominent. The SMAP-derived length scales are found to be largely consistent with those derived directly, where possible, from precipitation measurements. This suggests a unique value of the retrievals: outside of well-instrumented areas, satellite-based soil moisture datasets have the potential to provide otherwise unattainable estimates of the horizontal length scales of hydrological variability.
The Data Culture Continuum: An Examination of School Data Cultures
Authors: Lasater Kara , Albiladi Waheeb S. , Davis William S. , Bengtson Ed
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine teachers and school leaders’ experiences using data in the state of Arkansas. Research Design: Initially, an exploratory pilot study was conducted to examine educators’ experiences using data within one Arkansas district. This involved focus groups with 24 participants from 10 schools. Data were analyzed and used to design the second phase of inquiry. The second phase involved an examination of teachers and leaders’ experiences using data throughout Arkansas. Data were collected using focus groups with teachers and in-depth interviews with building-level leaders (52 participants representing eights schools, seven districts). Data were analyzed using multiple cycles of coding, ongoing dialogic engagement, and constant comparative analysis. Findings: Analysis led to the identification of six “data factors” (i.e., trust and collaboration, purpose of data use, leader expectations and teacher agency, data ownership, leader competency, and data as a tool) which we believed influenced schools’ data cultures. Data factors were used to develop the data culture continuum framework, which suggests that schools create data cultures which exist on a continuum—from positive to negative—and a school’s placement on the continuum is fluid and dependent on its unique combination of positive and negative data factors. Implications for Research and Practice: The data culture continuum provides a framework that can assist school leaders in understanding and implementing data factors that support their schools in developing positive data cultures. It also provides a springboard into future quantitative and qualitative studies related to the framework.
Alternative Dispute Resolution in Ireland and the US Model
Authors: Teague Paul , Roche William , Currie Denise , Gormley Tom
Published: September 2019

This article examines whether organizations in Ireland are following their counterparts in the United States and adopting advanced conflict management innovations inspired by alternative dispute resolution. The authors find that the general pattern in Ireland is for organizations to change conflict management practices in a reactive, piecemeal manner that seldom involves any proactive or strategic action. They also identify a small group of organizations that adopt an incremental and evolutionary approach to workplace conflict management innovation that involves changing tried-and-tested conflict management practices pragmatically over time. The article suggests that apart from the United States, all other Anglo-American countries for the most part follow the pattern of workplace conflict change occurring in Ireland.
Prison Work-Release Programs and Incarcerated Women’s Labor Market Outcomes
Authors: Jung Haeil , LaLonde Robert J.
Published: September 2019

This article examines whether the work-release program in Illinois prisons increases women’s earnings and employment. Using a large matched adminis-trative database, we find that a longer time served in an Adult Transition Center (ATC) increases total earnings and the probability of being employed during the time in an ATC, for both ATC parolees and dropouts. Furthermore, ATC parolees and dropouts with a longer stay in an ATC had sizable increases in their earnings and employment rates after incarceration. However, the incompletion of the ATC terms by ATC dropouts seemed to carry stigma that reduces their post-incarceration earnings or employment rates.
Measuring common knowledge: latent semantic analysis, linguistic synchrony, and common knowledge in international relations
Authors: Bayram A Burcu , Ta Vivian
Published: September 2019

Common knowledge, also called intersubjectivity, is a core theme in the study of international cooperation and diplomacy. Yet International Relations (IR) lacks a method to systematically measure the degree of common knowledge. Drawing from research in computational linguistics, psychology, and communication, we introduce latent semantic analysis (LSA) to measure common knowledge in specific communicative exchanges between actors. We argue that the extent to which speaking partners use words in the same way and get in synch linguistically can be used to measure the degree of common knowledge, and this can be measured by the LSA method. We outline several ways LSA can be valuable to IR scholars and provide an empirical illustration of using this method in the case of Bretton Woods negotiations. The LSA method promises to help IR scholars seize the research opportunities offered by the digital age and build a bridge between qualitative and quantitative methods.
ADF Offensive Cyberspace Operations and Australian Domestic Law: Proprietary and Constitutional Implications
Authors: Evans Hywel , Williams Andrew
Published: September 2019

An Australian Offensive Cyberspace Operations (OCO) capability has emerged as an important sub-component of national power. While significant academic literature exists concerning OCO’s place within the international law of armed conflict, and international law in general, literature regarding domestic law is scarce. Nevertheless, an understanding of the domestic law governing the Australian Defence Force’s (ADF’s) authority to conduct OCO is necessary as the gap in the research potentially exposes the Government and individuals to legal risks that are not well understood. The aim of this article is to analyse the proprietary and constitutional implications of ADF OCO to inspire further research at a time when the Comprehensive review of the legal framework governing the National Intelligence Community is underway. The qualitative research analyses statutory and case law authorities to argue that Australian proprietary and constitutional law creates important implications for ADF OCO. The analysis suggests that these implications oblige the Commonwealth to be careful in balancing its legislative and executive power to provide the ADF with the legal authority to conduct OCO. The research finds that OCO impinges upon the proprietary rights of others, requiring legal authority which, if created under statute, generates an obligation to compensate proprietors under just terms. However, if the authority arises under the executive power, then the obligation to compensate may not apply. Further, such executive powers may exist under a royal war prerogative. As a corollary, we suggest that in an escalated conflict environment, the ADF may be able to conduct OCO without any legislative amendments to the criminal law although express immunities would be preferred.
A Novel Model for Advancing Sexual Assault Education and Prevention on Campus
Authors: Cavanaugh Courtenay E.
Published: September 2019

Teachers of psychology have been called to both educate college students about interpersonal violence (e.g., sexual assault) and use service learning. However, few models exist for how teachers may simultaneously address both of these calls. This article describes a service-learning course in psychology that integrated an evidence-based, bystander intervention program (BIP) into it in order to provide students with both sexual assault education and roles for advancing sexual assault prevention on campus. Sixteen students in an undergraduate psychology course watched TakeCare, a video shown to improve students’ positive bystander behavior to prevent sexual assault and then facilitated delivery of TakeCare to 156 other students on campus. This course illustrates a novel model for advancing sexual assault education and prevention on campus, and the model may be used in other psychology courses. Future directions for implementing and evaluating this model are described.
Body Breakdowns as Politics: Identity regulation in a high-commitment activist organization
Authors: Rahmouni Elidrissi Yousra , Courpasson David
Published: September 2019

Recent studies on identity regulation emphasize the significance of the body in mediating individuals’ responses to cultural control within organizations. However, little is known about how such responses are concretely enacted by individuals through their bodies. Based on an ethnography of an activist organization, this study discusses the culture of self-sacrifice through which activists’ identity is regulated. It reveals the everyday tensions between passionate commitment and vulnerable bodies, exploring how body breakdowns lead activists to separate their passion for a cause from the organizational culture and ultimately make their exit. We thus aim to contribute to research on identity regulation by highlighting the precariousness of this process and demonstrating the political potential of bodies to resist controlling regimes. We interpret breakdowns as political events emerging at the interface between the docile enactment of a bodily norm and its concrete physical violence.
Collision tumor comprising metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and seminoma in an undescended testis: a case report
Authors: Woo Chang Gok , Lee Ok-Jun , Yang Yaewon , Kim Yong June , Lee Jisun , Son Seung-Myoung
Published: September 2019

Testicular metastasis of solid tumors is uncommon. Common primary sites of metastatic tumors to the testis are the lungs and prostate. Cryptorchidism is associated with a four-fold increase in the risk of a testicular germ cell tumor of which seminoma is the most common type. We report an extremely rare case of a collision tumor that comprised testicular metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and a seminoma in an undescended testis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of this type of tumor to be described. Awareness that metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma may present as a testicular tumor may aid diagnosis and management of such patients.
Reactive power capability curve of brushless doubly fed reluctance generator
Authors: Bhawalkar Mandar , Gopalakrishnan N , Nerkar Yogesh
Published: September 2019

For higher generation of electricity from wind, efficient and cost-effective generators are being developed. Brushless doubly fed reluctance generator with a partially rated converter is one of the promising generators for wind power applications especially for offshore plants. All grid connected wind generators must comply with local grid codes and the prime requirement is reactive power capability. The capabilities of brushless doubly fed reluctance generator need to be investigated under grid connected operation. Therefore, a 2 kW laboratory prototype of this machine is optimally designed and constructed to study generator operation and reactive power capability. This article discusses the development of capability curve for brushless doubly fed reluctance generator from the well-known machine equations in d–q frame. The capability curves of this machine is also obtained from experimental investigations carried out on the 2 kW prototype. The results show that capability curve of brushless doubly fed reluctance generator looks to be ‘V’ shaped and suitable for wind generator applications.
Association Between Running Shoe Characteristics and Lower Extremity Injuries in United States Military Academy Cadets
Authors: Helton Gary L. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Zifchock Rebecca A. , Miller Erin , Goss Donald L. , Song Jinsup , Neary Michael T.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Running-related overuse injuries are very common among recreational runners, with the reported annual injury rates ranging from 39% to 85%. Relatively few large prospective cohort studies have been conducted to investigate injury risk associated with different running shoe characteristics, and the results of the existing studies are often contradictory.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to investigate the relationship between running shoe characteristics and lower extremity musculoskeletal injury. It was hypothesized that the risk of injury would be increased in individuals wearing shoes with minimal torsional stiffness and heel height compared with those wearing shoes with greater levels of torsional stiffness and heel height.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

The study included 1025 incoming cadets. Shoe torsional stiffness and heel height were calculated and recorded. Demographic data were recorded and analyzed as potential covariates. Lower extremity injuries sustained over 9 weeks during cadet basic training were documented by use of the Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application and the Cadet Illness and Injury Tracking System. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated, with time to incident lower extremity injury as the primary outcome by level of the independent predictor variables. Risk factors or potential covariates were carried forward into multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Absolute and relative risk reduction and numbers needed to treat were calculated.

Results:

Approximately 18.1% of participants incurred a lower extremity injury. Cadets wearing shoes with moderate lateral torsional stiffness were 49% less likely to incur any type of lower extremity injury and 52% less likely to incur an overuse lower extremity injury than cadets wearing shoes with minimal lateral torsional stiffness, both of which were statistically significant observations. Injury risk was similar among cadets wearing shoes with minimal and extreme lateral torsional stiffness.

Conclusion:

Shoes with mild to moderate lateral torsional stiffness may be appropriate in reducing risk of lower extremity injury in cadets. Shoes with minimal lateral torsional stiffness should be discouraged in this population.