bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities for forest development in a zone of controlled inundation in Kruibeke (Eastern Flanders) by means of a geographical information system
Authors: Nachtergale L. , De Schrijver A. , Troch P. , Lust N.
Published: July 2016

As an  area of 750 hectares is going to be constructed as a controlled inundation  zone of the river ScheIdt, a preliminary study of the environmental changes  and the possible shifts in forest types was done by the Laboratory of  Forestry and the Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, both of the  University of Ghent. Based on a digital elevation model and the relation  between water height in the river and the amount of water entering the area  for a given height of the dikes, for each place in the inundation zone the  frequency of inundation was determined.     These frequencies, in combination with the data layers soil texture, soil  drainage, substrate, current land use and historical vegetation data allowed  to determine the potentially natural vegetation according to Van Der Werf  (1991) and to do a prediction of the forest communities most likely to occur  now and for the inundation scenario. Because the very common use of poplar  cultivars, also the future possibilities of these trees were considered. As a  synthesis, a number of management suggestions could be worked out.
Verfahren beim Anbau eines Stadtwaldes von 500 ha in einem dichtbesiedelten Gebiet
Authors: Van Elegem B. , Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Im  dichtbesiedelten Bezirk Kortrijk gibt es einen sehr grossen Mangel an  Erholungswald. Es wurde beschlossen eine Untersuchung nach den  Anbaumöglichkeiten eines 500 ha grossen Stadtwaldes durchzuführen. Hierbei  sollte vor allem der landwirtschaftlichen Lage, wie auch dem Erhalten von  bestehenden Naturwerten, Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden. Zuerst wurden 26  Kriterien verfasst, um die Eignung eines Gebietes zum Stadtwald zu prüfen. In  der ersten Phase wurden 31 Gebiete einer Kriterienanalyse unterworfen. Darauf  wurde ein grosses Gebiet selektiert und einer intensiven Analyse der  landwirtschaftlichen Lage unterworfen. Sozio-ökonomische Faktoren, wie  rezente Investierungen und Betriebsnachfolgemöglichkeiten wurden analysiert.  Also wurde ein Gebiet, mit einer Fläche von 1250 ha, als günstig beurteilt  und in dieser eine Fläche von 300 ha als sehr günstig.     Die Realisierung des Projektes wird über eine Frist von 20 bis 30 Jahren  angestrebt. Die Erwerbung der Flächen sollte jedoch so schnell wie möglich  geschehen. Zur Implementierung wurde eine Konvention zwischen der Flämischen  Region, der Provinz und der Stadt Kortrijk verfasst.
Scaling leaf photosynthesis to canopy in a mixed deciduous forest. I. model description
Authors: Samson R. , Follens S. , Lemeur R.
Published: July 2016

A  multi-layer model (FORUG) was developed, to simulate the canopy  photosynthesis of a mixed deciduous forest during the growing season.  Measured photosynthesis parameters, for beech (Fagus  sylvatica), oak (Quercus  robur) and ash (Fraxinus  excelsior), were used as input to the model. This  information at the leaf level is then scaled up to the level of the canopy,  taking into account the radiation profiles (diffuse and direct PAR) in the  canopy, the vertical LAI distribution, the evolution of the LAI and the  photosynthesis parameters during the growing season, and the temperature  dependence of the latter parameters.
Scaling leaf photosynthesis to canopy in a mixed deciduous forest. II. A simulation study for two growing seasons
Authors: Samson R. , Follens S. , Lemeur R.
Published: July 2016

The  model as described in Samson et al. (1997) (FORUG model) is validated at the  leaf level, and seems to simulate well the canopy rates for the different  species and the different considered layers in the canopy. The highest  instantaneous canopy photosynthesis rates are found for oak, the lowest for  beech. The total amount of carbon assimilated during the growing season was  highest for oak and ash and lower for beech and amounted respectively 10.9,  11.0 and 10.3 ton C ha-1 y-1 for the growing season 1996. The carbon uptake was higher  during the growing season 1997 due to a higher mean daily temperature, and a  higher amount of incoming PAR. For bole respiration the maximum rate for both  growing seasons amounted 3.6 µmol m-2  S-1. Integrated over the  growing season the total bole    respiration amounted 4.5 and 4.3 ton C ha-1 y-1 for respectively the growing season 1997 and 1996. At high  temperatures and high PPFD, temperature becomes a limiting factor for Net  Canopy Photosynthesis (NCP). A total forest canopy has, just as leaves, a  curvilinear reaction on PPFD. This finding allowed to construct a one-layer  or 'big leaf' model which simulated-the NCP as well as did the multi-layer  FORUG model. However a multi-layer model for simulating the NCP is preffered  as it allows more simpler incorporation or adaptation of parameters.
Criteria for the location of urban forests in densely populated and scarsely wooded areas
Authors: Van Ellegem B. , Embo T. , Lust N. , Kerkhove G. , Houthaeve R.
Published: July 2016

Several  policy and scientific documents emphasize the importance of the realization  of new urban forests in densely populated and scarsely wooded areas. This  paper aims at the development of a methodology to select the most suitable  locations for the establishment of new large urban forests, taking into  account the highest chances for success. The most suitable and feasible  locations are selected by means of a multicriteria analysis. In this respect  three phases of the multicriteria analysis can be distinguished:    1. The excluding phase: leading, by means of excluding criteria, to the  fixation of a number of locations which are potentially suitable to  afforestation; they are called potential locations.    2. The classifying phase: testing the potential locations to their  suitability; this phase aims at the selection of a limited number of  (theoretically) most suitable locations. It is based on the following groups  of criteria:    - criteria related to the potential recreational quality;    - structure strengthening criteria;    - criteria related to the potential ecological quality.    3. The feasibility phase: finally the most suitable locations are tested on  their feasibility; leading, via an analysis of possible conflicts with other  area claims, to the selection of the most feasible location(s). Because of  the strong pressure on the land use in the densely populated areas, this fase  is very important to optimize the realization chances of the afforestation.  The three main criteria are: - the acceptability for the agricultural  sector;    - the acceptability for the nature and landscape values;    - the acceptability for the urban functions.    As a result of the three fases of the multicriteria analysis the most  suitable and feasible locations are selected.    In the classification phase as well as in the feasibility phase the  different locations are divided into classes, according to the scores reached  by the different criteria in their totality or each separatedly. The criteria  and also the weights attributed to those criteria must correspond to the  wanted profile of the planned forest, meaning they have to enclose spatial  elements as well as functional and ecological elements. The feasibility phase  can be completed with an analysis of the opportunity criteria, i.e. criteria  which are mainly related to the short term realization of the project, e.g.  rest lands and fallow lands or lands used by farmers without direct  succession. The necessity to contact all involved actors in order to be  successful is strongly stressed.
Evaluation of structure in Pinus halepensis M. stands in North Greece
Authors: Karamanolis D. , Stamatelos G. , Gkanatsas P.
Published: July 2016

The  Principal Component Analysis (P.C.A.) is a multivariate technique useful in  the description and    the revealing of relations between variables in a great number of data. The  structure of Pinus    halepensis forests by P.C.A. was studied. The  method was applied in silvicultural data of Pinus    halepensis forests in Kassandra Peninsula.  Sampling was done on 49 plots spreaded over of the    peninsula. By the analysis of a total of 12 initial variables it was found  that the first 6 principal    components, new variables, interpret almost 83% of the total variance. It  was also found that the    first component, which explains 29.6%, affects the configuration of stand  structure.
Die Beziehung von Waldwirtschaft zu Umwelt und Naturschutzproblemen (mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Situation in Flandern)
Authors: Lust N.
Published: July 2016

Trotz  technischer Verbesserungen stehen Umwelt und Natur noch unter schwerem Druck.  In der    globalen Umweltproblematik spielt die Waldwirtschaft nur eine  untergeordnete Rolle. Sie hat einen    bedeutungsvollen Vorteil, nämlich dass die Produktionsprozesse im Wald  umweltfreundlich sind. Die Waldwirtschaft war und ist jedoch vielen Zerstörungen unterworfen. Diese wurden zum Teil durch den    eigenen Sektor verursacht, was zu einem Verlust an Biodiversität und zur  Bodendegradation geführt    hat. Übrigens steht der Wald die letzten Jahrzehnte unter starkem Druck von  externen Faktoren,    hauptsächlich Versauerung, Überdüngung und Austrocknung. Fragmentierung ist  ein historisch    wichtiger Faktor. Neue, größtenteils noch unbekannte Zerstörungen folgen  aus Klimaänderung,    Angreifen der Ozonschicht und Bildung von Ozon.     Massnahmen sollen ergriffen werden zur Erhöhung der Biodiversität in  Waldökosystemen und zur    Erholung der Bodendegradation. Sie sind von lokalen Lagen abhängig. Die  Implementierung dieser    waldbaulich gerichteten Massnahmen erscheint wahrscheinlich. Dagegen ist es  sehr zweifelhaft ob    die notwendigen allgemeinen Umweltmassnahmen erfolgreich getroffen werden  können.    Jedenfalls, das Erreichen eines harmonischen Verhältnisses zwischen Umwelt  und Natur einerseits    und Wald und Waldwirtschaft anderseits ist ein sehr schwieriger Auftrag und  erfordert die    notwendigen finanziellen Mittel.
Structure and stem analysis of Pinus halepensis Mill. forests in the Kassandra Peninsula - Chalkidiki
Authors: Smiris P. , Maris F. , Stamou N.
Published: July 2016

The  present study was conducted on the Kassandra Peninsula of Chalkidiki, for the  research    project: GR-Forest Fires NATO Science for stability programs. The structure  analysis is    determined in stands of different age classes. Moreover, the forest yield  data in all age classes    are given. In order to study the diameter and height growth, stem analysis  in 30 trees were    done.    The results of this research indicate all the silviculture treatments that  should be carried out in    Pinus halepensis forests, in  order to fulfil the multifunctional management of forests.
Contribution of forestry to rural development
Authors: Lust N. , Nachtergale L.
Published: July 2016

Rural  development will be a primary challenge in the next century. Consequently,  the question    arises what will be the contribution of forestry to this rural development,  taking into account that    nowadays in terms of rural employment the importance of forestry is  low.    Rural areas are confronted with major challenges of economic restructuring  and development,    partially due to the permanent evolution of perception and roles of forests  and managers in rural    development. In comparison with the recent past, the current rural  economies are much more    diverse and urban/globally interrelated.    Next to the limited direct income and employment supply, intelligent rural  forestry protects the    agricultural crops and enhances their productivity. But moreover, the  potentials of the new forest    functions must be explored, based on the typical charactersistics of each  individual rural area.    There still are, also in the next century, various reasons for farmers to  incorporate forests within    their farming system. However, the motives and objectives for management  may be quite    diverse and a lot of problems must be solved, before forestry can express  its full potential.    Beside the production of marketable goods, numerous arguments about quality  of environment,    landscape beauty, biodiversity protection, water quality, erosion control,  etc. are recommended    to farmers.    The challenge of sustainable rural development is to promote efficiency and  social equity, while    respecting and enhancing ecological integrity and cultural identity. For  the implementation of the    forestry contribution, three specific means are available: forest  development programmes, full    utilisation of potential market chances for wood and non-wood products and  marketing of forest    services.
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) energy plantations in Hungary
Authors: Rédei K.
Published: July 2016

Establishment  of plantations primarily for fuel production has been of international  interest for    many years. Energy fuel production experiments in Hungary have been  conducted for a longer    time. In the country the black locust (Robinia  pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most  important    stand - forming tree species, covering approximately 20% of the forested  lands and providing    about 18% of the annual timber output of the country. In Helvecia (central  Hungary, sand-soil    region) an energy plantation was established using common black locust and  its cultivars. The    spacing variations of the common black locust were the followings: 1.5x0.3  m, 1.5x0.5 m and    1.5x1.0 m. At the age of 5 the closest spacing (1 .5xO.3 m) produced the  greatest annual increment in oven-dry mass (6.5 t/ha/yr). This exceeds the increments of the two wider spacings    by 33% and 51 %, respectively. Concerning to the results of the yield trial  with black locust cultivars planted in spacing of 1.5x1.0 m, at the age of 5 the highest yield was produced by the    cultivar 'ÜllDi' (8.0 t/ha/yr), followed by 'Jaszkiseri' (7.3 t/ha/yr) and  the common black locust (6.7    t/ha/yr).
C-accumulation and allocation after afforestation of a pasture with Pin oak (Quercus palustris) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
Authors: Schauvlieghe M. , Lust N.
Published: July 2016

The  aim of the study is to investigate how afforestation of agricultural land  effects the C-cycle.    That is why the allocation and accumulation of carbon was quantified in 2  types of deciduous    forest with 2 different ages on the one side and in unforested pasture on  the other.    The total C-content of the pasture amounted to 128 ton C/ha. The total  C-content in the young (29    years old) and old (69 years old) ash stand was 173 ton C/ha and 232 ton  C/ha respectively. The    young pin oak stand (27 years old) had a C-content of 117 ton C/ha, the old  oak-beech stand (69    years old) one of 227 ton C/ha.    It was prooved that the young ash stand evolves to a higher C-content than  the C-content of the    pasture. In the young ash stand the aboveground and belowground C-pools are  equally big. The    older the stand, the more important the portion of the soil carbon becomes.  The carbon in old    stands is mainly stocked in the form of stable soil carbon.    After 27 years the pin oak stand has a lower C-content than the pasture.  Furthermore, most of the    carbon is situated aboveground. In the old oak-beech stand on the other  hand the soil has been    complemented. The soil carbon - as for the ash stand- takes the most  important portion. This    stable reservoir however is smaller than in the ash stand.    This study shows that when foresting a pasture the choice of tree species  has an important impact    on the accumulation, allocation, evolution and stability of carbon.
Attitude of owners of poplar plantations towards conversion of these plantations
Authors: Lust N. , Kongs T. , Nachtergale L.
Published: July 2016

Concern  for ecological values is one of the most important topics of today's forest  management.    In this respect the widespread small scale poplar plantations are strongly  discussed, but it is    obvious that their nature value can strongly be increased by creation of an  understorey or by    introduction of other native tree species.     The question is, however, whether the owners are willing to transform their  plantations.    Therefore this study investigates, via an inquiry by telephone, the owners  attitude concerning    their poplar plantations. The inquiry was conducted with 60 owners. The  response reached 87%.    Half of the owners attach little to negligible value to their poplar  plantations. Two thirds of them    appreciate the artificial or spontaneous substorey in these plantations.  Half of the owners are    willing to convert their poplar plantation towards a mixed hardwood. 35% of  the owners    absolutely want to replant poplars in the future.    Authorities can, by means of a directed policy, stimulate the conversion of  poplar plantations    towards mixed broad-leaved stands.
Effect of thinning on the diameter increment in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands
Authors: Redei K. , Meilby H.
Published: July 2016

Black  locust is one of the most important stand forming species in Hungary,  covering    approximately 20% of the forested land (340 thousand ha) and providing 25%  of the annual    timber cut of the country. Hence, during the past two decades several  experiments with this    species have been carried out. This paper investigates the influence of  thinning on the diameter    increment in an experiment including four plots. One plot was left as an  unthinned control plot    and three plots were thinned with various thinning intensities at age 22.  The experiment was    measured at ages 22, 27, 32, and 36. Apparently the thinning intensities  applied on two of the plots did not come up to the intensity required to influence the diameter growth of the remaining    upper-storey trees. Therefore, for a given tree size the growth of the  trees on these two plots did    not differ significantly from the growth of similar trees in the unthinned  plot. By contrast,    significant thinning effects on the diameter increment of individual trees  were observed on the    most heavily thinned plot. Here the diameter increment was enhanced for  trees with diameters of    less than 20 cm, whereas the largest trees of the stand exhibited reduced  growth. Apparently a    stand density corresponding to the heavy thinning treatment (Fw values of 22-23) is  required to    get a significant thinning response. On the other hand, to avoid thinning  shocks, it may be    recommendable to apply two moderate thinning treatments instead of a single  heavy one.
Nem-keynesi hatások érvényre jutása a keresleti oldalon
Authors: Benczes Istvan
Published: July 2016

Az ún. nem-keynesi hatások vizsgálata mára a makro-gazdaságpolitikai kutatások egyik kitüntetett területe lett. Népszerűvé válása érthető, hiszen a vizsgálódás középpontjában az a kérdés áll, hogy mikéntmagyarázható a fiskális konszolidáció már rövid távon is növekedést gerjesztő hatása. Arra keresik a szerzők a választ, hogy melyek azok az általános jellemzők, amelyek biztosítják a fiskális multiplikátor előjelváltását. A dolgozat a nem-keynesi hatások egyik lehetséges magyarázatát, a kereslet-oldali megközelítést teszi elemzés tárgyává azzal a céllal, hogy bemutassa: a fogyasztási csatornán keresztül érvényre jutó rövid távú expanziós hatások csak akkor várhatók, ha a fiskális kiigazítást olyan környezetben hajtja végre a kormány, ahol nem, vagy csak kevéssé érvényesül a likviditási korlát, valamint ahol a pénzügyi közvetítő rendszer fejlett, illetve dinamikusan mélyül.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: E62, E65.
Stratégia és stratégiaalkotás a magyarországi kis- és középvállalkozások gyakorlatában
Authors: Salamonne Huszty Anna
Published: July 2016

A tanulmány egy kétéves kutatási program második szakaszának eredményeit mutatja be. A kutatás célja a magyarországi kis- és középvállalkozások fejlődési életciklusainak, az egyes életszakaszok sajátosságainak feltárása, valamint stratégiáiknak ás a stratégiák kialakulásának vizsgálata volt. A program részletes leírása megtalálható a Competitio 2006. márciusi számában az első szakasz vizsgálati eredményeivel és a felhasznált források listájával együtt. A kutatás második szakasza a vizsgált vállalkozói körben a stratégiai gondolkodásra, a stratégiaalkotás módjára, a követett stratégiák tartalmi elemeire, a fejlődési pályákra kondentrált. A két vizsgálati szakasz szerves egészet alkot, a második szakasz az elsőben szereplő fogalmakat, definíciókat, modelleket is használja, azok újboli leírásától tehát a mostani második részben eltekintünk.
Szabályozási koherencia és gazdaság növekedés
Authors: Czegledi Pal
Published: July 2016

A tanulmány a szabályozás országok közötti eltéréseinek okait vizsgálja. Abból az ellentmondásból indul ki, hogy a szegény országok alkalmazzák a nagyobb mennyiségű szabályozási eszközt, holott empirikusan kimutatható, hogy a kevesebb szabályozást alkalmazó országok növekednek gyorsabban. A tanulmány ennek magyarázatához bevezeti a szabályozási koherencia fogalmát, és ennek országok közötti különbségeit egyszerre próbálja magyarázni a szabályozás általános szintjének eltéréseivel. A fő állítás az, hogy a szabályozási koherencia és a szabályozási szint is a külső, tágabb intézményrendszer függvénye, mert ezek eltérései befolyásolják a szabályozók ösztönzőit. Az állítást a tanulmány klaszterelemzéssel próbálja empirikusan is megalapozni.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: B53, M13, L51
A magyar gazdaság egyensúlyzavarai és a megoldás elvi lehetősége1
Authors: Szakolczai Gyorgy
Published: July 2016

A cikk azt a kérdést vizsgálja, hogy hogyan alakul az ikerdeficit – a költségvetés és a folyó fizetési mérleg együttes hiánya – 2000–2006-ban Magyarországon. Az első rész, az elméleti áttekintés a nemzeti számlák rendszeréhez tartozó legfontosabb azonosságokat tekinti át. A második rész, a számszerű elemzés a most közölt legújabb adatok alapján először az importtöbbletnek, a tulajdoni jövedelmek egyenlegének és belföldi felhasználási többletnek, majd a folyó fizetési mérlegnek és a hiány finanszírozásának, és végül a költségvetés folyó fogyasztási kiadásainak, nettó felhalmozásának és hitelfelvételének alakulásával foglalkozik. A harmadik rész, a közgazdasági elemzés a legfontosabb következtetéseket foglalja össze. Ezek szerint a bruttó felhalmozás hányadának meredek csökkenése, a költségvetési szektor gyakorlatilag zérus nettó felhalmozása és a folyó fizetési mérleg hiánya és a hiány döntő részben adóssággeneráló finanszírozása még a költségvetés hiányánál is súlyosabb probléma, ami azonban nem jelenti, hogy az ilyen mértékű költségvetési hiány fenntartható. Ez a helyzet sem indokolja azonban a jóléti állam radikális leépítését, és a megoldásának elvi lehetősége csak az exportképesség és a foglakoztatás növelése lehet.
Hospitalization Rates for Patients on Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis Compared with In-Center Hemodialysis
Authors: Oliver Matthew J. , Al-Jaishi Ahmed A. , Dixon Stephanie N. , Perl Jeffrey , Jain Arsh K. , Lavoie Susan D. , Nash Danielle M. , Paterson J. Michael , Lok Charmaine E. , Quinn Robert R.
Published: July 2016

Background and objectives

Assisted peritoneal dialysis is a treatment option for individuals with barriers to self-care who wish to receive home dialysis, but previous research suggests that this treatment modality is associated with a higher rate of hospitalization. The objective of our study was to determine whether assisted peritoneal dialysis has a different rate of hospital days compared to in-center hemodialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study by linking a quality assurance dataset to administrative health data in Ontario, Canada. Subjects were accrued between January 1, 2004 and July 9, 2013. Individuals were grouped into assisted peritoneal dialysis (family or home care assisted) or in-center hemodialysis on the basis of their first outpatient dialysis modality. Inverse probability of treatment weighting using a propensity score was used to create a sample in which the baseline covariates were well balanced.

Results

The study included 872 patients in the in–center hemodialysis group and 203 patients in the assisted peritoneal dialysis group. Using an intention to treat approach, patients on assisted peritoneal dialysis had a similar hospitalization rate of 11.1 d/yr (95% confidence interval, 9.4 to 13.0) compared with 12.9 d/yr (95% confidence interval, 10.3 to 16.1) in the hemodialysis group (P=0.19). Patients on assisted peritoneal dialysis were more likely to be hospitalized for dialysis-related reasons (admitted for 2.4 d/yr [95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 3.2] compared with 1.6 d/yr [95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.3] in the hemodialysis group; P=0.04). This difference was partly explained by more hospital days because of peritonitis. Modality switching was associated with high rates of hospital days per year.

Conclusions

Assisted peritoneal dialysis was associated with similar rates of all-cause hospitalization compared with in-center hemodialysis. Patients on assisted peritoneal dialysis who experienced peritonitis and technique failure had high rates of hospitalization.
The Reporting of Income and Expense and the Choice of Measurement Bases
Authors: Marshall Roger , Lennard Andrew
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS:

This paper contributes to the development of a “Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting” as currently being undertaken by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Building on the ideas of “asymmetric prudence” and the business model, it contrasts “value added” and “price change” businesses and argues that an entry price is appropriate for the operating assets of the former kind of business while a current market value is appropriate for the latter. It notes that both historical cost and current cost are entry values. While accepting that historical cost is likely to continue to be widely used, it questions whether the Conceptual Framework should preclude the use of current cost, and argues that if current cost is to be used, then the cost of consumption should be reported separately from holding gains and losses. The paper advocates the reporting of operating income, and discusses what items of income and expense should be reported in other comprehensive income rather than in profit or loss. It questions whether all such items should be “recycled” to the statement of profit or loss in a later accounting period.
Income Statement Reporting Discretion Allowed by FIN 48: Interest and Penalty Expense Classification
Authors: Abernathy John L. , Beyer Brooke , Gross Andrew D. , Rapley Eric T.
Published: July 2016

Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48, FASB 2006) allows discretion regarding the income statement classification of interest and penalty expenses for unrecognized tax benefits (UTBs). We investigate whether tax avoidance, management compensation, and debt agreements affect the expense classification election and whether this discretion has implications for financial statement users. We find firms that engage in tax avoidance activities, measured by effective tax rates (ETRs) and involvement in tax disputes, are more likely to include interest and penalties in tax expense. We also find that interest and penalties are more likely to be classified as tax expense when CEO compensation is more sensitive to pre-tax income. Finally, we find that UTB interest and penalty expense classification is associated with analysts' ETR forecast accuracy, which suggests there is a potential unintended consequence related to decision usefulness of FIN 48 reporting due to expense classification discretion.
Incidental Finding of Lymphoma after Septoplasty
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Bhuta Sunita M. , Palma Diaz Miguel Fernando , Kedeshian Paul A. , Suh Jeffrey D.
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Septoplasty, or surgical correction of the deviated septum, is an elective, routinely performed rhinologic procedure to address nasal airway obstruction. In many cases, resected septal cartilage and bone fragments are sent for pathologic review, although there is no consensus on this practice. We reported two cases of incidentally diagnosed lymphoma after elective septoplasty and discussed clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of two patients who underwent septoplasty at a tertiary academic medical center and found to have incidental lymphoma based on histopathology.

Results

Two patients who underwent septoplasty had an incidental diagnosis of lymphoma on pathologic analysis. One patient was noted to have an S-shaped septal deviation that produced bilateral nasal obstruction. She underwent a difficult septoplasty, in which the mucoperichondrial flap was firmly adherent to the underlying septum and bone. Final pathology demonstrated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. She was treated with chemoradiation and remained free of disease at 59 months. The other patient had a history of nasal trauma, which produced left septal deviation. He underwent an uncomplicated septoplasty, with pathology that demonstrated low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Because there was no evidence of active disease, the decision was made to not treat and to observe the patient clinically.

Conclusions

This is the first reported series of septal lymphoma incidentally diagnosed on routine septoplasty. Although histopathologic review of specimens from routine nasal and sinus surgery is not routinely performed, this report highlighted the importance of this process, on a case-by-case basis, in detecting unexpected malignancies that otherwise were clinically silent.
Oregon’s All Roads Transportation Safety Program: Data-Driven Program to Improve Safety on All Public Roads
Authors: Siddique Zahidul Q. , Bish Douglas W. , Haas Kevin J.
Published: July 2016

Historically, the Oregon Department of Transportation (DOT) has spent the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) funding only on state highways. However, half of the fatalities and serious injuries occur on nonstate roadways. To address this concern and to comply with the federal requirement that the HSIP funding be spent on all public roads, the Oregon DOT developed a jurisdictionally blind safety program, known as the All Roads Transportation Safety (ARTS) Program, to address safety problems on all public roads in Oregon. The objective of the ARTS Program is the same as that of the HSIP: to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads using a data-driven approach. The ARTS Program has two components: hot spot and systemic. For the first round of the ARTS Program, safety projects were selected by using a combination of a selection approach and an application-based approach. For the hot spot component, potential safety projects were identified by using crash history, and the projects were prioritized on the basis of benefit–cost ratios. The systemic component—with three emphasis areas: roadway departure, intersection, and pedestrian and bicycle—was an application-based process in which the Oregon DOT and local agencies competed for available safety funding. Systemic projects were prioritized on the basis either of benefit–cost ratios (roadway departure and intersection projects) or cost-effectiveness index (pedestrian and bicycle projects). Through collaboration with various stakeholders, the Oregon DOT was able to select safety projects on all public roads with a data-driven approach. It is expected that these projects will significantly improve safety on all Oregon roads by reducing fatal and serious injury crashes.
Mindfulness per l'età grave; evolutiva
Authors: Toro Maria Beatrice
Published: July 2016

Attraverso i protocolli mindfulness un numero imponente di persone ha migliorato il proprio stato di benessere e ha imparato a mettersi al riparo dallo stress, stabilizzando la mente e il cuore attraverso un'attitudine particolare verso la vita, ovvero un'apertura serena, accettante e grata al momento presente (Kabat Zinn, 1994). Nell'articolo si presenta la letteratura riguardo a interventi mindfulness per i bambini. Le pratiche e gli esercizi, opportunamente adattati per le diverse età, possono risultare utili per diminuire ansia e stress, migliorare l'attenzione e la qualità delle interazioni sociali.
Autostima e auto-compassione. Due modi diversi di relazionarsi con se stessi
Authors: Lambiase Emiliano , Lagioia Bianca , Marino Andrea , Grappone Noemi
Published: July 2016

In questo contributo analizzeremo due costrutti psicologici: l'autostima e l'auto-compassione, secondo quanto scritto in letteratura. In particolare, confronteremo gli effetti dell'alta autostima e della sua continua ricerca con quelli l'autocompassione, evidenziando i nuovi contributi teorici che sottolineano gli effetti negativi del primo costrutto confrontarli con quelli produttivi del secondo.Esamineremo l'alta autostima e l'auto-compassione in rapporto agli aspetti relazionali, psicologici, emotivi e di performance dell'individuo e della comunità. Nelle conclusioni apriremo uno spazio di riflessione che mira a rivalutare l'obiettivo frequente di ricercare costantemente un'alta autostima e di integrare quest'ultima con una cura di se stessi e degli altri.
An analysis of a Borderline Personality Disorder case with compulsive sexual perversions according to Interpersonal Motivational Systems and Metacognitive functioning models
Authors: Cantelmi Tonino , Lambiase Emiliano
Published: July 2016

In this study we will show how to conceptualize a Borderline Personality Disorder case with sexual perversions in terms of Interpersonal Motivational Systems and of Metacognitive functioning models, in order to allow a more targeted and effective clinical treatment. To this end, after a theoretical discussion we will analyse some psychotherapy transcripts.In order to support our reflections and therapeutic choices we decided to refer to the metacognitive functioning model according to the Metacognitive- Interpersonal model (Semerari, 1999b; Dimaggio and Semerari, 2003; Carcione et al., 2008; Dimaggio et al., 2008; Dimaggio et al., 2009) and to the Interpersonal Motivational Systems theory within the Cognitive-Evolutionary model (Lichtenberg, 1989; Lichtenberg, Lachman and Fosshage, 1992, 1996; Liotti, 2001, 2005; Liotti, Cortina and Dazzi, 2008).
Narcisismo, vita religiosa e gerarchie ecclesiastiche
Authors: Giorgio Alfonso
Published: July 2016

L'autore del testo affronta il tema del narcisismo calato nel contesto religioso. Può sembrare inconsueto e irriverente parlare di narcisismo, vita religiosa e gerarchie ecclesiastiche ma ormai il narcisismo è la sindrome forse più rappresentativa della cultura attuale.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: A case report
Authors: Kundu Gopen Kumar , Akhter Shaheen , Rahman M. Mizanur
Published: July 2016

Metachromatic leuk:odystrophy (MLD) is a rare neurometabolic disease caused by the deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfa­tase A .Deficiency of this enzyme results in intralysosomal storage ofsphingolipid , cerebroside 3-sulfates (sulfatides), which are abundant in myelin of neurons. A pathological hallmark of MLD is demyelination and neurodegeneration.A case of the juvenile form of MLD diagnosed by typical history, brain imaging and enzyme assay, is being reported here.
Primary pulmonary Echinococcosis: A case report
Authors: Alam Md. Rafiqul , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Ahmed Zia Uddin , Khan Md. Mizanur Rahman , Jahan Ferdous , Imam Hasan , Haq Shah Md. Mohaimenul , Mohammad Nur
Published: July 2016

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease endemic in many parts of the world. Liver is the most common affected organ followed by lungs. Primary pulmonary involvement is very rare. In this case report, we are going to present a case of primary pulmonary echinococcosis in a middle age female. She was presented with cough and haemoptysis. She was initially labeled and treated as a case of consolidation with different antibiotics in appropriate dose and duration without clinical and radiological improvement. So she was evaluated further and diagnosed as a case of primary pulmonary echinococcosis on the basis of histopathology and positive serology for Echinococcal antigen. She was advised to take oral Albendazole 400mg 12 hourly for one year with regular follow-up.
Comparison of effect between group discussion and educational booklet on Iranian nursing students’ attitude and practice toward patient privacy
Authors: Adib-Hajbaghery Mohsen , Faraji Mona
Published: July 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects between group discussion and educational booklet on nursing students’ attitude and practice toward patient privacy in Iran. Methods: A two-group, pre-test and post-test design study was conducted in 2015. The study was conducted on 60 nursing students in Kashan, Iran who were randomly allocated into two groups to be trained on patient privacy either through group discussion or by an educational booklet. The students’ attitude and practice were assessed before and after the education using a questionnaire and a checklist. Data analysis was performed through paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, and independent samples t-tests. Results: Before the intervention, no significant differences were found between the group designated to group discussion and those designated to the educational booklet in the mean overall score of attitude (P=0.303) and practice (P=0.493) toward patient privacy. After the intervention, the mean attitude score significantly increased in the two groups (P=0.001). Moreover, the students’ practice score was increased in the discussion group while it did not significantly change in the booklet group (P=0.001). Conclusion: Both methods were effective on the students’ attitude; however, the educational booklet did not affect their practice toward patient privacy. Group discussion can effectively improve the students’ attitude and practice toward patient privacy.
City and Building Designers, and Climate Adaptation
Authors: Dubois Catherine , Cloutier Geneviève , Rosenkilde Rynning Maja , Adolphe Luc , Bonhomme Marion
Published: July 2016

For cities, climate change is a major concern due to its severe impacts and its inherent complexity. City and building designers could be pivotal actors, but have yet to fully take on this role. Research can support adaptation action through greater collaboration with practitioners and a better understanding of their knowledge and practices. This paper presents results from a research project undertaken in Toulouse (France) last year. Urban practitioners were consulted through an online survey and observed in action during two design workshops. The findings highlight: (i) the hidden knowledge within design practice; (ii) the importance of providing designers with solution-focused and form-giving data; and (iii) the potential offered by design constraints to trigger changes in the practices of professionals.
Distribution and Evolutionary History of the Mobile Genetic Element s2m in Coronaviruses
Authors: Tengs Torstein , Jonassen Christine
Published: July 2016

The mobile genetic element s2m has been described in several families of single-stranded RNA viruses. The function remains elusive, but an increasing number of s2m-containing sequences are being deposited in publicly available databases. Currently, more than 700 coronavirus sequences containing s2m can be found in GenBank, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus genome. This is an updated review of the pattern of s2m in coronaviruses, the possible functional implications and the evolutionary history.
Comparative Analysis of Voltage Control in Battery Power Converters for Inverter-Based AC Microgrids
Authors: Chae Woo-Kyu , Won Jong-Nam , Lee Hak-Ju , Kim Jae-Eon , Kim Jaehong
Published: July 2016

A microgrid is a micro-power system composed of local distributed generators, energy storage systems, loads, and other components in a local power network. Because renewable energy sources show relatively large output power variation, the integration of distributed generators in a microgrid often requires the installation of a large-scale energy storage system. The energy storage system is connected to a local AC bus via the DC/AC converter with an output inductor-capacitor (LC) filter. The energy storage system power converters generally form the local AC bus voltage. This grid-forming operation requires fast and robust voltage control to properly maintain a stable energy flow and high power quality in the local AC bus. In this paper, two major voltage control schemes—double-loop control and direct voltage control—are analytically compared, and their effects on the power quality of the microgrid are illustrated. The dynamic performance is compared through simulations and experimental results.
Electricity Price Forecasting by Averaging Dynamic Factor Models
Authors: Alonso Andrés , Bastos Guadalupe , García-Martos Carolina
Published: July 2016

In the context of the liberalization of electricity markets, forecasting prices is essential. With this aim, research has evolved to model the particularities of electricity prices. In particular, dynamic factor models have been quite successful in the task, both in the short and long run. However, specifying a single model for the unobserved factors is difficult, and it cannot be guaranteed that such a model exists. In this paper, model averaging is employed to overcome this difficulty, with the expectation that electricity prices would be better forecast by a combination of models for the factors than by a single model. Although our procedure is applicable in other markets, it is illustrated with an application to forecasting spot prices of the Iberian Market, MIBEL (The Iberian Electricity Market). Three combinations of forecasts are successful in providing improved results for alternative forecasting horizons.
Bi-Objective Modelling for Hazardous Materials Road–Rail Multimodal Routing Problem with Railway Schedule-Based Space–Time Constraints
Authors: Sun Yan , Lang Maoxiang , Wang Danzhu
Published: July 2016

The transportation of hazardous materials is always accompanied by considerable risk that will impact public and environment security. As an efficient and reliable transportation organization, a multimodal service should participate in the transportation of hazardous materials. In this study, we focus on transporting hazardous materials through the multimodal service network and explore the hazardous materials multimodal routing problem from the operational level of network planning. To formulate this problem more practicably, minimizing the total generalized costs of transporting the hazardous materials and the social risk along the planned routes are set as the optimization objectives. Meanwhile, the following formulation characteristics will be comprehensively modelled: (1) specific customer demands; (2) multiple hazardous material flows; (3) capacitated schedule-based rail service and uncapacitated time-flexible road service; and (4) environmental risk constraint. A bi-objective mixed integer nonlinear programming model is first built to formulate the routing problem that combines the formulation characteristics above. Then linear reformations are developed to linearize and improve the initial model so that it can be effectively solved by exact solution algorithms on standard mathematical programming software. By utilizing the normalized weighted sum method, we can generate the Pareto solutions to the bi-objective optimization problem for a specific case. Finally, a large-scale empirical case study from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region in China is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methods in dealing with the practical problem. Various scenarios are also discussed in the case study.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Maternal Serum, Breast Milk, Umbilical Cord Serum, and House Dust in a South Korean Birth Panel of Mother-Neonate Pairs
Authors: Shin Mi-Yeon , Lee Sunggyu , Kim Hai-Joong , Lee Jeong , Choi Gyuyeon , Choi Sooran , Kim Sungjoo , Kim Su , Park Jeongim , Moon Hyo-Bang , Choi Kyungho , Kim Sungkyoon
Published: July 2016

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame retardants. Although many reports have indicated an association between exposure to PBDEs and developmental neurotoxicity, the relative contributions of different sources of dust PBDE congeners to the levels in various tissues of mother–baby pairs is not well understood. The aims of this study were thus to measure the quantitative relationship between the level of PBDEs in house dust and tissues of mother-neonate pairs, and to investigate the chemical sources of the PBDEs. Forty-one mother-neonate pairs were recruited and provided samples of maternal serum (n = 29), umbilical cord serum (n = 25), breast milk (n = 50), and house dust (n = 41), where PBDEs were determined with high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. While deca- (e.g., BDE 209, detected 100%), nona- (BDE 206/207, 95.1%), octa- (BDE 183, 100%), penta- (BDE 99/153, 100%, 98%) and tetra-BDEs (BDE 47, 100%) were detected abundantly in dust, penta- (BDE 99, 76%, 92%) and tetra-BDEs (BDE 47, 84%, 98%) were detected abundantly in umbilical cord serum and breast milk, respectively; tetra-BDEs (BDE 47, 86%) were detected more often relative to other congeners in maternal serum. Spearman’s pairwise comparison showed that the levels of BDE 47 (ρ = 0.52, p < 0.001) and −99 (ρ = 0.64, p < 0.01) in umbilical cord serum were associated with BDE 209 levels in dust; BDE 47 in maternal serum also showed correlation with BDE 99 in cord serum (ρ = 0.48, p < 0.01) but there was no significant correlation between maternal BDE 47 and dust BDE 209. On the other hand, a comparison of the distribution among congeners suggested probable associations of BDE 47 in maternal serum, breast milk, and umbilical cord serum with BDE 209 in dust; and of BDE 99 in maternal and umbilical cord serum, breast milk, and dust with BDE 209 in dust. Although further studies are needed, a radar chart-based distributional comparison among congeners supported associations between BDE 47 or −99 in human tissues and BDE 209 in dust.
Screening and Validation of Housekeeping Genes of the Root and Cotyledon of Cunninghamia lanceolata under Abiotic Stresses by Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR
Authors: Bao Wenlong , Qu Yanli , Shan Xiaoyi , Wan Yinglang
Published: July 2016

Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir) is a fast-growing and commercially important conifer of the Cupressaceae family. Due to the unavailability of complete genome sequences and relatively poor genetic background information of the Chinese fir, it is necessary to identify and analyze the expression levels of suitable housekeeping genes (HKGs) as internal reference for precise analysis. Based on the results of database analysis and transcriptome sequencing, we have chosen five candidate HKGs (Actin, GAPDH, EF1a, 18S rRNA, and UBQ) with conservative sequences in the Chinese fir and related species for quantitative analysis. The expression levels of these HKGs in roots and cotyledons under five different abiotic stresses in different time intervals were measured by qRT-PCR. The data were statistically analyzed using the following algorithms: NormFinder, BestKeeper, and geNorm. Finally, RankAggreg was applied to merge the sequences generated from three programs and rank these according to consensus sequences. The expression levels of these HKGs showed variable stabilities under different abiotic stresses. Among these, Actin was the most stable internal control in root, and GAPDH was the most stable housekeeping gene in cotyledon. We have also described an experimental procedure for selecting HKGs based on the de novo sequencing database of other non-model plants.