bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of dimensional deviation and quality tolerance class in the production of AlSi10Mg alloy parts with laser powder bed fusion using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Siyambaş Yusuf , Turgut Yakup , Akdulum Aslan
Published: February 2025

Metal-based workpieces can be produced additively with the selective laser melting (SLM) technique, which is one of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) methods. However, due to complex production parameters, the dimensional deviation and quality tolerance class of the produced parts cannot be predicted. This situation causes the need for secondary operations such as turning, milling, grinding, or polishing after production and even increases the amount of scrap. These processes are quite costly as they require extra time, labor, and machinery. This study aims to clarify complex manufacturing parameters, predict dimensional deviation with a high success rate before production, and categorize part quality tolerance classes with high accuracy. To examine the effect of manufacturing variables using dimensional accuracy, parts were produced at various laser power and scanning speeds, and features like length, width, thickness, and radius were measured. Dimensional changes were more significant at extreme parameter values and minimized at medium values. Additionally, extensive datasets were generated using manufacturing parameters and physics knowledge, and various machine learning models were applied and analyzed in detail. As a result of exploratory data analysis, dimensional deviation is estimated with a high success rate, while the part quality tolerance class can be categorized with a high precision rate. With the proposed method, proactive measures can be taken for possible errors before production. By effectively determining production parameters during the process planning phase, the part qualification process will become more efficient. Therefore, advantages such as reducing the cost of scrap parts, the absence of secondary processes, and saving cost and time will be achieved, and production comparable to traditional production methods will be possible.
Cultural Cascades and Infant Resilience: Insights From Tajik Gahvora Cradling Practices
Authors: Karasik Lana B.
Published: February 2025

Cascades from culture inform beliefs and norms that guide childrearing, resulting in diverse experiences that shape developmental outcomes. This article explores the influence of cultural beliefs and childrearing practices on infant development, focusing on the traditional gahvora cradling practice in Tajikistan. Cradling in gahvoras involves movement restriction, providing a unique model for investigating how early physical constraints shape developmental trajectories and challenging conventional theories that emphasize the necessity of continuous, unrestricted movement. By situating motor development within a broader social and cultural framework, this article highlights the importance of considering cultural context in developmental research. Despite these physical constraints, infants exhibit adaptive motor activity when unbound, suggesting a flexible and resilient developmental system. These practices illuminate the dynamic interplay of physical, social, and cultural factors, revealing how diverse early experiences shape developmental outcomes.
More Than Just a Phase: Adolescence as a Window Into How the Brain Generates Behavior
Authors: Insel Catherine , Cohen Alexandra O.
Published: February 2025

Adolescence is a dynamic period of brain development marked by profound changes in learning, decision-making, and higher order cognition. This article explores how research on the adolescent brain can inform the development of biologically based computational models of learning and behavior. We highlight how computational frameworks such as reinforcement learning and artificial neural networks capture key features of adolescent behavior, including shifts in exploration and decision-making strategies. By integrating principles of brain development, such as synaptic pruning and the hierarchical development of neural circuits, computational models can offer insights into how the brain adapts to new experiences and challenges. We argue that studying adolescent brain development not only enhances our understanding of cognition but also provides a valuable framework for refining computational models of brain function. We propose future directions for how adolescent research can inform innovations in computational research to better capture dynamic brain states, individual variability, and risk for psychopathology.
The ‘Reverse Sexism’ Thesis: A Re-appraisal
Authors: Liotzis Vangelis
Published: February 2025

This article attempts to identify, in the context of the contemporary debate on discrimination, the meanings attributed to the term ‘reverse sexism’, which concerns the broader social phenomenon of sexism. It examines how the rhetoric of reverse sexism has been shaped historically, highlights aspects of the criticism that it has received, and describes the field in which it is currently being reproduced. Upon this basis, it is proposed that ‘reverse sexism’ should be rejected as an inadequate conceptualization for describing discrimination against men. At the same time, it is suggested that it could be replaced by the concept of ‘sexist offsetting’.
“I Think Resilience Is Being Able to, You Know, Take Stock of the Situation You're in and Kind of Rally and Work Your Way Through”: Exploring Structural Resilience among Primary Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mantler Tara , Yates Julia , Davidson Cara A. , Burke Shauna M. , Orchard Treena
Published: February 2025

When COVID-19 became a global pandemic in March 2020, governments around the world implored citizens to “be resilient” for the greater good. However, very little practical information was provided about how people could mobilize resilience, which is typically presented as an individual-level resource. Our qualitative interpretive description study was designed to explore the structural factors that influenced resilience among primary caregivers of school-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. Interviews with 22 caregivers revealed three key structural factors that impacted how they employed resilience during the pandemic: employment, community, and the broader resilience discourse. Together, these results suggest that the structures embedded within society were profoundly impacted by the pandemic, and while this adversity afforded primary caregivers an opportunity to build resilience, ultimately, they often were expected to do so without the supports they previously relied on, including employment and income stability, community supports, and supportive government messaging.
Histopathological Markers of Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease: Analyzing Diagnostic Patterns and Immunohistochemical Findings
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Sakthisankari , Michael Anita
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) related disease is a localized or multisystem chronic inflammatory disease with characteristic pathological features. Several consensus criteria are available to aid in the diagnosis and its management. These criteria are highly specific, owing to their dependency on major histopathological criteria and laboratory investigations to diagnose IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD). We evaluated the lesions diagnosed as IgG4-RDs with histopathological scoring criteria based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and serology in the screening of IgG4-RDs. Materials and methods: The lesions diagnosed as IgG4-RD during the study period were evaluated using the histopathological scoring criteria which include storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, plasmacytic infiltrates, and lymphoid follicles. Immunohistochemistry with IgG4 was performed on all these lesions. Results: There were twelve patients with IgG4-RD involving the retroperitoneum, pancreas, lymph node, and nasal sinuses. Lesions involving the retroperitoneum showed all the characteristic histopathological findings of IgG4-RD. Storiform fibrosis and obliterative vasculitis were seen in 67% and 58% of the lesions respectively. Two patients (17%) lacked both storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis. Additionally, lymphoid follicles were present in 58%, perineural infiltration in 33%, and tissue eosinophilia in 58% of individuals. Two patients with eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis and a single patient with IgG4-RD associated with retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma were identified. Conclusion: IgG4-RD is a group of rare diseases that needs a multidisciplinary team approach for diagnosis. In our study, we report a rare association of IgG4-RD and retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma as well as rare lesions of IgG4-related eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis. Clinicopathological and radiological correlation is crucial in the accurate diagnosis of IgG4-RD and to avoid overdiagnosis.
Housing First for Youth Who Experience Homelessness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Woodhall-Melnik Julia , Monette Cassandra , Reiser Chloe , LeBlanc Haley Tobin
Published: February 2025

Housing First programs are widely used to house adults with histories of chronic homelessness. Recently, Housing First for Youth (HF4Y) emerged as a targeted response to youth homelessness and is presently cited as the ideal model; however, researchers have yet to synthesize the evidence on which this claim is made. Through a systematic review of literature, the present authors fill this gap by offering a thematic synthesis of available peer-reviewed evidence on the impacts of HF4Y on a variety of outcomes for youth who experience homelessness. Five databases were searched from inception to April 2023 and reference lists of relevant articles were hand searched for additional studies. This search finds seven studies that specifically measure outcomes associated with HF4Y enrollment. Findings indicate that HF4Y can improve housing security, but additional research is needed to develop a more robust evidence base. There is a need for longitudinal studies, randomized controlled trials, and rich qualitative studies of HF4Y.
A Case Study of Concurrent Parsonage-Turner Syndrome and Ankylosing Spondylitis: Diagnostic and Management Considerations
Authors: Tabibi Pooneh , Babaee Marzieh , Shiari Reza , Rehman Khos , Shiari Sara
Published: February 2025

Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are distinct clinical entities with unique pathogenic mechanisms. The coexistence of these conditions in a single patient is rare and presents diagnostic and management challenges especially in adolescent patient. In this case report, we present a unique and intriguing case of an 18-year-old boy presented with acute onset shoulder pain and weakness, consistent with PTS. However, further evaluation revealed additional features suggestive of AS, including chronic low back pain and morning stiffness. Diagnostic workup, including imaging studies and laboratory investigations, confirmed the presence of both PTS and AS. The management approach involved a multidisciplinary approach, including physical therapy, analgesics, and corticosteroids. This case report underscores the significance of considering the possibility of concurrent PTS and AS in patients presenting with atypical symptoms or overlapping clinical features. Clinicians should be aware of the potential overlap between PTS and AS to guide optimal treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Clinical improvement after arterial revascularization is associated with exercise oximetry results
Authors: Zagzoog Mohammad , Tuleja Ewa , Michon-Pasturel Ulrique , Boura Benoît , De Blic Romain , Derycke Lucie , Mallios Alexandros , Raux Maxime , Gouëffic Yann
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Exercise transcutaneous oximetry (Ex-TcpO2) is used to support the vascular origin of lower-limb pain, or to assess walking impairment. The aim of this study was to describe the association between Ex-TcpO2 measurement and the perioperative clinical and morphological outcomes after revascularization in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). Methods: From January to December 2022, a single-center prospective observational study was conducted among patients with IC. Patients were referred by vascular surgeons for Ex-TcpO2 for doubtful arterial origin. Perioperative clinical and morphological outcomes were assessed by the Rutherford–Becker classification and duplex ultrasound examination. The primary patency rate and primary sustained clinical improvement were evaluated at 1 month after revascularization. Results: Eighty-two patients (64% men) underwent Ex-TcpO2 and were enrolled in the study, of whom 65% were category III of the Rutherford classification. Indications for Ex-TcpO2 were to assess the origin of the IC symptoms in 65%. Sixty-seven (81%) patients had positive Ex-TcpO2, and 15 (18%) had negative Ex-TcpO2. Patients with positive Ex-TcpO2 were older (65 ± 13 vs 58 ± 20, p = 0.43), and had a significantly lower ankle–brachial index (ABI) compared to the negative group (0.65 ± 0.22 vs 0.92 ± 0.22, p < 0.001) as well as a lower maximum walking distance (MWD) (200 m [150, 300] vs 525 m [500, 872], p < 0.001). Forty-two patients underwent revascularization (Ex-TcpO2 positive [ n = 35/67]; Ex-TcpO2 negative [ n = 7/15]). Revascularization technical success and primary patency rate were 100% in both groups. Clinical improvement was significantly greater in the Ex-TcpO2 positive group (97% [ n = 34/35] vs 0% [ n = 0/7], p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis shows a positive association between pain at the buttock and the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROP) ≤ –15 mmHg at the level of the buttock with the presence of iliac lesions. Conclusion: On a routine basis, Ex-TcpO2 is a tool of interest to assess patients with claudication for doubtful arterial origin or walking distance, especially in proximal IC, and to predict favorable clinical outcomes after revascularization.
Perceived stress and health outcomes among Chinese university students: The chain mediating role of repetitive negative thinking and trait forgiveness
Authors: Kuang Shunrong , Wen Xiaohong , Li Chenglei , Yan Sidan , Li Haijiang
Published: February 2025

Stress around COVID-19 among university students is associated with higher physical symptom burden and worse overall health status. This study examined whether RNT and trait forgiveness mediate the link between perceived stress and health outcomes among Chinese university students. A total of 1342 students participated in a survey during the middle of the semester that assessed perceived stress, RNT, trait forgiveness, and various health outcomes. Results revealed significant mediating effects of both RNT and trait forgiveness on the relationship between perceived stress and health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and physical health. Moreover, the interplay between RNT and trait forgiveness mediated this association. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the interactions among perceived stress, RNT, trait forgiveness, and health outcomes, highlighting the importance of addressing stress and RNT to enhance forgiveness and overall well-being in university students.
Eating (with) the other: Jewish-Muslim gastronomic encounters
Authors: Gidley Ben
Published: February 2025

Commensality – eating together – is often understood by anthropologists and others as fundamental to human sociality, binding groups together and also creating bridges between groups. Consequently, sharing food or making food together has been emphasised in many policies to promote intercultural and interreligious contact. However, a more critical literature has emphasised how consuming the cultural produce of the other may also create opportunities for exploitative rather than meaningfully positive relations (at worst, in bell hooks’ evocative phrase, a way of ‘eating the other’). Eating the culture of the other has become a significant element in forms of gentrification that capitalise on exoticised difference, sometimes leading ultimately to the displacement of minoritised communities. More recently, an alternative approach to the role of food in intercultural encounters has emerged within the ‘conviviality’ and ‘super-diversity’ literatures, focusing on the convivial tools and somatic work of food entrepreneurs. This article, drawing on the author’s fieldwork in London and on fieldwork by colleagues in other European cities, builds on this literature to explore how forms of commensality, and the commercial transactions around them, play a unique role in generating Jewish-Muslim encounters in urban Europe, which are ambivalent, marked by power asymmetries, shadowed by securitisation and geopolitical conflict, but nonetheless fragile resources for hope.
Optimization of urban terminal delivery routes using fuzzy genetic algorithm and its practical application
Authors: Tang Weiguang
Published: February 2025

As urban populations grow and delivery demands surge, the computational complexity of route optimization problems escalates significantly. Traditional algorithms often struggle with low efficiency, making it challenging to achieve satisfactory solutions within a reasonable timeframe. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a fuzzy genetic algorithm (FGA) that integrates fuzzy logic to model uncertainties inherent in the delivery process, such as traffic congestion, weather disruptions, and demand fluctuations. By leveraging the multi-objective optimization capabilities of genetic algorithms, the proposed FGA comprehensively considers key factors such as delivery time, transportation costs, and customer satisfaction to generate optimal routes. The practical application of this approach demonstrates its effectiveness: the optimized delivery routes significantly reduce delivery times and transportation costs while enhancing customer satisfaction levels. Statistical analysis reveals p-values below 0.05, confirming the significant impact of the FGA on urban terminal delivery optimization. This research not only addresses the computational inefficiencies of traditional methods but also provides a robust framework for handling dynamic and uncertain urban environments. The integration of fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms represents a pioneering step toward sustainable urban logistics, offering both economic value—through cost savings—and social benefits—via improved service quality. In summary, the fuzzy genetic algorithm emerges as a powerful tool for modern urban delivery systems, enabling smarter decision-making and fostering greener, more efficient cities.
Intergenerational Cycles of Maltreatment: An Updated Scoping Review of Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Langevin Rachel , Abou Chabake Sara , Beaudette Sophie
Published: February 2025

The intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment (CM) is a growing public health concern. Identifying modifiable risk and protective factors involved in these cycles is crucial. A previous scoping review synthesized the literature on psychosocial factors associated with intergenerational CM up to 2018. Since then, a sizable number of studies have been published; this updated review aims to summarize this recent literature. We conducted a comprehensive search across five major databases (PsycINFO, Scopus, Medline, Social Work Abstracts, and ProQuest Dissertations/Theses) from November 2018 to November 2023. The primary inclusion criterion was documentation of intergenerational maltreatment, with studies reporting at least one psychosocial risk or protective factor. Included studies involved human participants, presented original findings, were written in English or French, and employed any research design. This updated review included 29 new studies. Findings indicate that caregivers’ individual (e.g., sociodemographic characteristics, psychopathology), relational (e.g., IPV, attachment), contextual (e.g., socioeconomic disadvantage), and historical factors (e.g., cumulative CM, out-of-home placement), along with characteristics of the second generation (e.g., sociodemographic characteristics, psychopathology), are involved in the intergenerational continuity of CM. The implications for practice suggest targeted interventions should address depression, PTSD, and emotional dysregulation in CM survivors, along with fostering secure, supportive family relationships, and positive parenting skills. Policy implications emphasize the need for enhanced support for child protection services in early CM identification, public policies to combat poverty, equitable childcare responsibilities, and funding for research in low-to-middle-income countries.
A Study on Synchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer Radiotherapy Based on an Accelerator Integrated with Optical Surface Monitoring System
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Dong Tingting , Wang Bei , Wang Zhiqun , Zhu Heling , Li Wenbo , Yang Bo , Qiu Jie
Published: February 2025

Objective

To investigate the optimal radiotherapy regimen for synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) by utilizing dosimetric and radiobiological indicators, and to assess the impact of applying an optical surface monitoring system(OSMS) on the precision of SBBC radiotherapy treatment.

Methods

Nine patients with SBBC who underwent breast-conserving radiotherapy were retrospectively selected. Four treatment plans were designed for each patient using the Versa HD (Elekta, Stockholm) accelerator: single-isocenter intensity-modulated radiotherapy/volumetric modulated arc therapy(IMRT-ISO1/VMAT-ISO1) and dual-isocenter IMRT/VMAT(IMRT-ISO2/VMAT-ISO2), with a prescription dose of 42.4 Gy in 16 fractions. Dosimetric parameters and radiobiological impact were measured for the target and organs at risk(OARs). The monitoring log files of three SBBC patients were analyzed to quantitatively assess real-time delta shifts encompassing six degrees of freedom (DOFs) during intrafraction and interfraction treatment processes.

Results

Compared to both the IMRT techniques, the VMAT techniques offered superior target conformity, uniformity, and dose fall-off capability. Among the four treatment plans, VMAT-ISO1 exhibited optimal performance by significantly reducing radiation exposure volume to OARs while maintaining exceptional precision in dose delivery and execution efficiency. The tumor control probability (TCP) was exceeded by 98.5% for all four modalities. According to the OSMS logs, the maximum absolute error in translational motion during the treatment of three SBBC patients was predominantly manifested along the vertical(VRT) axis, with an mean value of 2.2 mm. Additionally, it was observed that the coronal plane (YAW) exhibited the largest error in terms of rotational angle, with an mean deviation of 1.1°.

Conclusions

The VMAT-ISO1 technique demonstrates apparent dosimetric and radiobiological advantages in SBBC radiotherapy, ensuring precise dose delivery and shortening treatment durations. The accuracy of SBBC radiotherapy is ensured by OSMS through pre-treatment positioning correction and real-time monitoring throughout the treatment process.
Deregulation of Exosomal miR-17, miR-20a and TGFBR2 in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Mahjabeen Ishrat , Haris Muhammad Shahbaz , Qayyum Fouzia , Kayani Mahmood Akhtar
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Exosomes play significant roles in transferring cargo materials like proteins, RNAs (including miRNAs), and DNA. However, the role of serum exosome shuttled RNAs and miRNAs in head and neck cancer (HNC) remains unclear. This study assessed the diagnostic and prognostic significance of exosomal miR-17, miR-20a, and TGFBR2 in HNC patients. Methods: Exosomes were isolated, from 400 confirmed HNC patients and 400 healthy controls, and characterized by NTA, TEM, Immunolabelling, and ELISA. Quantitative PCR was used to check the expressions of exosomal molecules. Oxidative stress was also measured through ELISA in cancer patients and healthy controls. Results: Data analysis revealed significant dysregulation in the expressional levels of miR-17 (p < .0001), miR-20a (p = .0003), and TGFBR2 (p = .0005), which were found associated with aggressiveness and poor survival of HNC patients. Spearman correlation revealed a positive statistically significant association between miR-20a versus miR-17 (r = 0.534; p < .01), while a negative correlation was found between TGFBR2 versus miR-17 (r = −0.240; p = .015). Significantly decreased levels of peroxidase (POD) (p < .0001) and an increased level of 8-Oxoguanine (p < .0001) were observed. Conclusion: The results showed that these exosomal miRNAs and target gene may serve as potential and noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic markers for head and neck cancer patients.
Experimental analysis of fracture behavior in ESET jute-natural fiber hybrid composites under eccentric tension
Authors: Harsha H M , Satish K G
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the mechanical behavior of hybrid composites reinforced with natural jute fiber and glass fiber in varying volume fractions, using a constant volume of epoxy resin. Specimens were fabricated using the hand layup method and subjected to tensile testing as per ASTM standards. Different volume fractions and fiber orientations were tested under eccentric tensile loading, with varying single edge notch to width (a/W) ratios. The results revealed that as the jute fiber volume fraction increased, both fracture load and fracture toughness decreased. Additionally, fracture load decreased with increasing (a/W) ratio, while fracture toughness showed an increase. Specimens with 0°/90° fiber orientation exhibited the highest fracture load and toughness. Statistical and fractographic analyses validated the experimental findings, with Taguchi method ranking jute fiber percentage as the most significant factor influencing fracture behavior, followed by the (a/W) ratio. ANOVA results confirmed that jute fiber percentage was the dominant factor. Minimal error was observed in the confirmation experiments during regression analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of fractured surfaces revealed that the interaction between epoxy, jute, and glass fibers had a significant impact on fracture load and toughness. The findings offer an in-depth understanding of the influence of jute fiber content and (a/W) ratio on the mechanical properties of jute-natural epoxy hybrid composites.
Protective effects of statins on pulmonary function in patients with persistent hyperlipidemia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shen Hsiao-Chin , Tseng Che-Hao , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Yeh Hsiao-Yun , Tsai Hung-Cheng , Hong Shiao-Ya , Li Tzu-Hao , Su Chien-Wei , Perng Diahn-Warng , Yang Ying-Ying , Hou Ming-Chih
Published: February 2025

Background:

Pulmonary function tests offer crucial parameters for evaluating lung health and predicting clinical outcomes. Hyperlipidemia, a prevalent metabolic disorder, has been linked to declining pulmonary function. Statins are an essential therapy for lowering lipid levels in hyperlipidemia.

Objectives:

This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of statins in mitigating the decline in pulmonary function.

Design:

This is a retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

Out of 8286 patients who underwent spirometry testing from January 2018 to December 2020, 492 patients were included in the final analysis. The relationship between statin usage, dosage, along with other biometric indices and spirometry parameters were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the association between statin use and the decline in pulmonary function.

Results:

In patients with persistent hyperlipidemia, the use of statins was associated with a higher predicted percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) compared to non-users (84.0% vs 78.0%, p = 0.015). Logistic regression models further revealed that statin use independently prevented FEV1 decline, irrespective of dosage (adjusted OR 0.036, 95% CI: 0.002–0.618 in lower statins dose group and adjusted OR 0.170, 95% CI: 0.019–1.552 in higher statins dose group).

Conclusion:

The findings suggested that statin usage, regardless of dosage, independently mitigated the decline in pulmonary function among patients with persistent hyperlipidemia. Early initiation of statin therapy may hold promise for individuals experiencing hyperlipidemia and declining pulmonary function.
Body mass index changes after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Sehgal Kanika , Berry Parul , Cho Janice , Saffouri George , Dierkhising Ross A. , Battaglioli Eric , Kashyap Purna C. , Pardi Darrell , Khanna Sahil
Published: February 2025

Background:

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a successful therapy for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). FMT from overweight donors is speculated to influence the recipient’s body mass index (BMI) after administration for CDI.

Objectives:

We investigated changes in the recipient’s BMI after FMT in relation to the donor’s BMI.

Design:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients who underwent FMT for recurrent CDI at Mayo Clinic between 2012 and 2019.

Methods:

We analyzed demographic and donor data for patients undergoing FMT at Mayo Clinic (2012–2019). Recipient BMI (pre- and post-FMT) and donor BMI were extracted from medical records. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to evaluate the impact of donor BMI, donor BMI category, recipient baseline BMI, time before and after FMT, and interactions between these variables on overall BMI change and BMI change per month. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to assess BMI changes (⩾5 units) based on the last recorded post-FMT BMI.

Results:

We analyzed data from 401 patients with recorded BMI measurements before and after FMT. The median age of the recipients at the time of FMT was 59.1 years (interquartile range (IQR): 40.5–70.1 years), with 61.6% being female. The median BMI for recipients prior to FMT was 26.7 kg/m² (IQR: 22.7–31.6 kg/m²), while the median BMI of the donors was 24.5 kg/m2 (IQR: 23.9–27.5 kg/m2). Stool from donors with a normal BMI was used for 58.2% of recipients, while 41.8% received stool from pre-obese donors. Donor BMI data were missing for 3.2% of recipients. Donor BMI was not significantly associated with changes in recipient BMI; for each 1-unit increase in donor BMI, a 0.01-unit monthly increase was observed (95% confidence interval: −0.0003, 0.02; p = 0.11). The log-rank test for BMI increases (⩾+5) and decreases (⩽−5) revealed no significant differences among the donor BMI groups (Chi-squared = 4.4, p = 0.1 for increases, Chi-squared = 2, p = 0.4 for decreases).

Conclusion:

The lack of impact of donor BMI on BMI changes post-FMT suggests that these changes are more dependent on the recipient’s metabolic profile. Prospective, controlled trials are required to analyze these results more comprehensively.
Artificial intelligence to revolutionize IBD clinical trials: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sedano Rocio , Solitano Virginia , Vuyyuru Sudheer K. , Yuan Yuhong , Hanžel Jurij , Ma Christopher , Nardone Olga Maria , Jairath Vipul
Published: February 2025

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has potential to be transformative to the field. This article explores how AI-driven technologies, including machine learning (ML), natural language processing, and predictive analytics, have the potential to enhance important aspects of IBD trials—from patient recruitment and trial design to data analysis and personalized treatment strategies. As AI advances, it has potential to improve long-standing challenges in trial efficiency, accuracy, and personalization with the goal of accelerating the discovery of novel therapies and improve outcomes for people living with IBD. AI can streamline multiple trial phases, from target identification and patient recruitment to data analysis and monitoring. By integrating multi-omics data, electronic health records, and imaging repositories, AI can uncover molecular targets and personalize trial strategies, ultimately expediting drug development. However, the adoption of AI in IBD clinical trials encounters significant challenges. These include technical barriers in data integration, ethical concerns regarding patient privacy, and regulatory issues related to AI validation standards. Additionally, AI models risk producing biased outcomes if training datasets lack diversity, potentially impacting underrepresented populations in clinical trials. Addressing these limitations requires standardized data formats, interdisciplinary collaboration, and robust ethical frameworks to ensure inclusivity and accuracy. Continued partnerships among clinicians, researchers, data scientists, and regulators will be essential to establish transparent, patient-centered AI frameworks. By overcoming these obstacles, AI has the potential to enhance the efficiency, equity, and efficacy of IBD clinical trials, ultimately benefiting patient care.
Moment-angular velocity characteristics of trunk muscles in women following mastectomy
Authors: Malicka Iwona
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research was to determine strength-velocity characteristics of trunk flexors and extensors in women after mastectomy and to compare these with the corresponding parameters derived from a matched group of healthy women. The study comprised of 96 women divided into three groups: 32 women after mastectomy and undergoing rehabilitation, 34 women after mastectomy but without rehabiliation and 30 healthy women. The tests were conducted at 60, 90 and 120°/s. Women after mastectomy, who did not take part in rehabilitation, had on average a 40% strength deficiency compared to the control group, the most severe deficiency observed at 60°/s. These women achieved only 57% of the healthy women capability for extensor muscles and 49% for flexor muscles of spine. Women undergoing rehabilitation performed significantly better despite the radical oncological treatment. At 60°/s they achieved 151% of a capability of the healthy women for extensor muscles and 123% for flexor muscles of trunk.
Striking While the Iron Is Hot: Exploring the Impact of Issue Ownership and Issue Salience on Donations to Political Organizations in the 2020 US Presidential Election
Authors: Yang Aimei , Williams Dmitri
Published: February 2025

This study integrates the perspectives of issue niche theory and issue ownership theory to examine how variations in issue salience affect the resources available to political organizations affiliated with different parties. Analyzing a database with millions of donors’ political donation records, our time series analysis reveals a nuanced interplay: When some issues associated with Democrats assume the spotlight, there is a discernible increase in left-leaning donations. Simultaneously, when other Democrats issue raises to prominence, there is a notable suppression of right-leaning contributions. These findings underline the persuasive force of issue ownership for each party, which either bolsters fundraising for affiliated political organizations or obstructs donations to opposing groups. Furthermore, we observe that competence-related issues, such as COVID-19 and the economy and inflation, exert a substantial influence on political contributions among both left- and right-leaning donors. Notably, competence issues demonstrate a more pronounced influence on donor behavior compared to associative issues. Overall, our study suggests a refined issue niche theory tailored to the political context, where issue niches are shaped not only by issue salience but also by the precise issue ownership type.
Treatment response of patients with tuberculosis and HIV co-infection: a retrospective analysis of secondary data from Shanghai, China, 2010–2020
Authors: Dong Chenyu , Zhang Renfang , Li Shenyang , Chen Jun , Liu Yunhe , Xia Xiaoqiong , Liu Gang , Shen Yinzhong , Liu Lei , Zeng Liyan
Published: February 2025

Background:

At present, there is a need for more substantial real-world evidence on the factors influencing the effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) treatment in HIV/TB co-infected patients.

Objectives:

This retrospective study aims to identify factors affecting TB treatment effectiveness in HIV/TB co-infected patients.

Design:

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods:

We included 461 HIV/TB co-infected patients, deriving 742 samples based on each initial positive TB test period. A total of 7788 valid treatment records corresponding to 17 TB drug compositions and 150 clinical indicators (each > 100 records) were used for analysis. Data mining techniques were employed, including consensus clustering, Fisher’s exact test, stratified analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and three modeling approaches (logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest).

Results:

The TB treatment effectiveness of CD4+ T cell count ⩽ 42 is significantly lower than that of the sample group > 42 (aOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.15–2.74, p = 0.010). The TB treatment effectiveness of the “rifabutin and levofloxacin alone or in combination” group is significantly higher than that of the “other first- and second-line anti-TB drugs in combination” group (aOR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01–0.64, p = 0.022). Significant differences exist in factors between TB treatment effective and ineffective groups, including age (aOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.10–4.20, p = 0.027), pre-treatment high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (aOR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25–0.89, p = 0.022), pre-treatment CD8+ T cell count (aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.90, p = 0.019), pre-treatment neutrophil percentage (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.96, p = 0.030), rifabutin (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.09–2.32, p = 0.016), and cycloserine (aOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.03–0.77, p = 0.041). The best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the test set under three modeling methods is 0.560–0.763. Rate of lymphocyte percentage recovering to normal is significantly higher in the TB treatment-effective group than in the treatment-ineffective group (aOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.09–3.10, p = 0.022).

Conclusion:

CD4+ T cell count of 42/μL assists TB treatment effectiveness evaluation. Rifabutin and levofloxacin show more therapeutic benefits. Lymphocyte percentage can serve as an effective TB therapeutic and diagnostic target. Age, pre-treatment factors (HDL cholesterol, CD8+ T cell count, and neutrophil percentage), rifabutin, and cycloserine are significantly associated with TB treatment effectiveness. Factors affecting TB treatment effectiveness for HIV/TB co-infected patients need more evidence.
COVID-19 pandemic-induced medical waste in the Anthropocene: Generation, management, and environmental impact
Authors: Jakimiuk Aleksandra , Koda Eugeniusz , Goli Venkata Siva Naga Sai , Podlasek Anna , Winkler Jan , Singh Yashi , Vaverková Eva , Varma Muralidhar , Zarębska-Michaluk Dorota , Singh Devendra Narain , Vaverková Magdalena Daria
Published: February 2025

Pandemic outbreaks are a major challenge in terms of human health and environmental impact. Pandemics cause an increase in waste production, a significant reduction in waste recycling, and the release of disinfectants into the environment. In order to minimize the negative impact on the environment, it is essential to acquire and develop universal methods for dealing with the pandemic to minimize the negative impact on the environment. Based on the data provided by Polish and Indian hospitals, the impact of the pandemic in the Anthropocene epoch on the generation and management of hazardous medical waste was evaluated. To determine the impact of the pandemic, waste data were analyzed for three periods: before, during and after the pandemic. There was an unprecedented 10-fold increase in the demand for polymeric personal protective equipment from 2019 to 2020 and 2021, and a statistically significant ( p ⩽ 0.05) increase in the amount of hazardous medical waste generated in the healthcare centers studied from 2019 to 2022. Although the pandemic caused an “Anthropause” that contributed to a temporary improvement in air quality in many regions the environmental impact of the pandemic was negative due to an increase in the production and consumption of plastic waste and restrictions on recycling and waste separation, highlighting the urgent need to adopt sustainable practices to deal with future pandemics.
Am I Needed Here? How Psychological Ownership Explains the relationship between Supervisors’ Support and Workplace Ostracism
Authors: Vem Linus Jonathan , Sike Fabian Sylvester , Pam Nelson Chuwang , Ochigbo Abel Daniel , Tee Keng-Kok
Published: February 2025

As the workplace continue to attract all the segments of the diverse society, one stark reality organizations grapple with in recent times is the readiness to inculcate inclusive behaviour among all categories of employees. This study evaluates the role of perceived supervisors’ support (PSS) on perceived workplace ostracism (PWO) through psychological ownership (PO) among federal civil servants working in Plateau state. We draw from affective event theory (AET) and organizational support theory (OST)to justify the hypothesized relationship. Five hundred and twenty-six copies of questionnaires were administered while 332 out of the retrieved were usable. Structural equation modeling through SMART-PLS version 4. was used to analyze the data collected. The results suggest that PSS significantly associate with PWO and psychological ownership mediates the relationship between PSS and PWO. From the results, the study offers a modest theoretical contribution through the connection between AET and OST in justifying the role of PSS and PO in the tested model. Some practical implications for managerial practice were also proffered.
Determinants of Usefulness of Chat GPT for Learning in Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Using Information Credibility, Fun, and Responsiveness and Moderating Role of Fun
Authors: Kim Jieun , Moon Joonho
Published: February 2025

This study aims to validate the applicability of the technology acceptance model (TAM) in the context of using Chat GPT as an educational tool. TAM serves as the theoretical foundation for this research. To investigate the antecedents of technology acceptance, this study focused on three key attributes: information credibility, enjoyment, and responsiveness. The moderating effects of fun were explored as another objective. Data for the study were collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk, resulting in 465 valid responses for statistical analysis. The research hypotheses were tested using a structural equation model. To capture the moderating effect of fun, Hayes’ Process Macro Model 1 was employed. The results indicate that fun and ease of use positively affect usefulness. Also, usefulness is positively associated with attitude. The usefulness of Chat GPT for learning is positively related to the intention to use. It is found that fun negatively moderates the relationship between information credibility and usefulness as well as attitude and intention to use. This study provides insights for program developers, offering a clearer understanding of the market for Chat GPT in educational settings.
How Do Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Create Value Through the Integrated Reporting Framework? Empirical Study on Integrity and Driving Factors
Authors: Furtuna Ozlem Kutlu , Uykulu Asiye Zeynep
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the levels of Integrated Reporting (IR) content elements alignment in the context of Borsa Istanbul (BIST) Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) Industrial Index, the integrity of the content elements, and the financial factors related to company size, company profitability, leverage and market performance that influence IR disclosure. This study also aims to demonstrate the current situation in which integrated thinking is applied in SMEs and how they can create value for all stakeholders. The population of the paper comprises all firms included in the BIST SME Industrial Index. As of 2022, 46 firms are listed in this index and whose data was fully accessible in 2022 were selected as the sample for the study. This study determines the level of IR content elements alignment scores for Turkish-listed SMEs using the content analysis method. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized between the principles to analyze the degree of integrity. A regression analysis was performed to understand whether the financial factors influence the alignment of the IR content elements. The comprehensive results show that the BIST SME Industrial Index firms do not fully meet the content elements of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) Framework, however, has an effort to disclose information about the content elements in terms of organizational overview, external environment, and business models. The coal and lignite mining industry has the highest average alignment with the IR content elements, which is consistent with the view that the IR voluntary adoption should be adopted by the most polluting industries first. Regression analyses demonstrate that SMEs with a higher proportion of institutional investors are more willing to disclose content elements to satisfy greater stakeholder scrutiny. Few studies evaluate the level of alignment of IR content elements for SME context. This study constructs an index relating to the IR content elements and provides new insights into the evolution of the adoption of IR by SMEs. Additionally, the paper explores how SMEs create value through the content elements of the IIRC framework underlining the integrity issue. This paper enriches the emerging literature on the adaptation of IR in SMEs by examining the financial drivers for the disclosure of IR content elements. Turkish SMEs still have a long way to go, particularly in terms of the corporate governance principles disclosure. Insufficient disclosure of governance-related content elements could be of concern to policymakers, such as governance mechanisms, strategy, and allocation of resources.
Imagining Another Self: The Use of Social Media Among Preadolescents and Its Body-Related Consequences. An Exploratory Study
Authors: Digennaro Simone , Iannaccone Alice
Published: February 2025

Preadolescents (10–12 years) are prolific media users, yet it is still being determined whether the different types of social media engagement are impacting their bodies. This exploratory study aimed to test a model of relationships between types of social media engagement, attitude to alter one’s physical appearance, dualism, and body satisfaction. A sample of 2,378 Italian preadolescents ( Mage = 12.02 years; SD = 0.82; 52.81% boys) was recruited. Results showed that using filters/apps to alter one’s physical appearance and image-mediated interaction with peers and celebrities/influencers is negatively associated with body satisfaction. It also represents a new form of dualism between the real and the virtual body. This study aims to fill the gap in understanding the complex effects of social media use among preadolescents, providing insights into critical factors influencing their body satisfaction and identity in the era of digital technology.