bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Health Care Access Disparities With Severe Visual Impairment in the US
Authors: Besagar Sonya , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Sridhar Jayanth , Finn Avni , Padovani-Claudio Dolly Ann , Sternberg Paul , Patel Shriji
Published: November 2022

Importance

Approximately 13% of US adults are affected by visual disability, with disproportionately higher rates in groups impacted by certain social determinants of health (SDOH).

Objective

To evaluate SDOH associated with severe visual impairment (SVI) to ultimately guide targeted interventions to improve ophthalmic health.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This quality improvement study used cross-sectional data from a telephone survey from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) that was conducted in the US from January 2019 to December 2020. Participants were noninstitutionalized adult civilians who were randomly selected and interviewed and self-identified as “blind or having serious difficulty seeing, even while wearing glasses.”

Exposures

Demographic and health care access factors.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was risk of SVI associated with various factors as measured by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed using the Web Enabled Analysis Tool in the BRFFS.

Results

During the study period, 820 226 people (53.07% female) participated in the BRFSS survey, of whom 42 412 (5.17%) self-identified as “blind or having serious difficulty seeing, even while wearing glasses.” Compared with White, non-Hispanic individuals, risk of SVI was increased among American Indian/Alaska Native (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.38-1.91), Black/African American (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.39-1.62), Hispanic (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.53-1.79), and multiracial (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.15-1.53) individuals. Lower annual household income and educational level (eg, not completing high school) were associated with greater risk of SVI. Individuals who were out of work for 1 year or longer (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.54-2.07) or who reported being unable to work (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 2.66-3.16) had higher odds of SVI compared with the other variables studied. Mental health diagnoses and 14 or more days per month with poor mental health were associated with increased risk of SVI (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.73-2.02). Health care access factors associated with increased visual impairment risk included lack of health care coverage and inability to afford to see a physician.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, various SDOH were associated with SVI, including self-identification as being from a racial or ethnic minority group; low socioeconomic status and educational level; long-term unemployment and inability to work; divorced, separated, or widowed marital status; poor mental health; and lack of health care coverage. These disparities in care and barriers to health care access should guide targeted interventions.
Monkeypox Virus and Ophthalmology—A Primer on the 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak and Monkeypox-Related Ophthalmic Disease
Authors: Kaufman Aaron R. , Chodosh James , Pineda Roberto
Published: November 2022

Importance

An ongoing global monkeypox virus outbreak in 2022 includes the US and other nonendemic countries. Monkeypox ophthalmic manifestations may present to the ophthalmologist, or the ophthalmologist may be involved in comanagement. This narrative review creates a primer for the ophthalmologist of clinically relevant information regarding monkeypox, its ophthalmic manifestations, and the 2022 outbreak.

Observations

Monkeypox virus is an Orthopoxvirus (genus includes variola [smallpox] and vaccinia [smallpox vaccine]). The 2022 outbreak is of clade II (historically named West African clade), specifically subclade IIb. In addition to historic transmission patterns (skin lesions, bodily fluids, respiratory droplets), sexual transmission has also been theorized in the current outbreak due to disproportionate occurrence in men who have sex with men. Monkeypox causes a characteristic skin eruption and mucosal lesions and may cause ophthalmic disease. Monkeypox-related ophthalmic disease (MPXROD) includes a spectrum of ocular pathologies including eyelid/periorbital skin lesions, blepharoconjunctivitis, and keratitis). Smallpox vaccination may reduce MPXROD occurrence. MPXROD seems to be rarer in the 2022 outbreaks than in historical outbreaks. MPXROD may result in corneal scarring and blindness. Historical management strategies for MPXROD include lubrication and prevention/management of bacterial superinfection in monkeypox keratitis. Case reports and in vitro data for trifluridine suggest a possible role in MPXROD. Tecovirimat, cidofovoir, brincidofovir and vaccinia immune globulin intravenous may be used for systemic infection. There is a theoretical risk for monkeypox transmission by corneal transplantation, and the Eye Bank Association of America has provided guidance. Smallpox vaccines (JYNNEOS [Bavarian Nordic] and ACAM2000 [Emergent Product Development Gaithersburg Inc]) provide immunity against monkeypox.

Conclusions and Relevance

The ophthalmologist may play an important role in the diagnosis and management of monkeypox. MPXROD may be associated with severe ocular and visual morbidity. As the current outbreak evolves, up-to-date guidance from public health organizations and professional societies are critical.
The clinical spectrum of SMA‐PME and in vitro normalization of its cellular ceramide profile
Authors: Lee Michelle M. , McDowell Graeme S. V. , De Vivo Darryl C. , Friedman Daniel , Berkovic Samuel F. , Spanou Maria , Dinopoulos Argirios , Grand Katheryn , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. , Allen‐Sharpley Michelle , Warman‐Chardon Jodi , Solyom Alexander , Levade Thierry , Schuchman Edward H. , Bennett Steffany A. L. , Dyment David A. , Pearson Toni S.
Published: November 2022

Objective

The objectives of this study were to define the clinical and biochemical spectrum of spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA‐PME) and to determine if aberrant cellular ceramide accumulation could be normalized by enzyme replacement.

Methods

Clinical features of 6 patients with SMA‐PME were assessed by retrospective chart review, and a literature review of 24 previously published cases was performed. Leukocyte enzyme activity of acid ceramidase was assessed with a fluorescence‐based assay. Skin fibroblast ceramide content and was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy. Enzyme replacement was assessed using recombinant human acid ceramidase (rhAC) in vitro.

Results

The six new patients showed the hallmark features of SMA‐PME, with variable initial symptom and age of onset. Five of six patients carried at least one of the recurrent SMA‐PME variants observed in two specific codons of ASAH1. A review of 30 total cases revealed that patients who were homozygous for the most common c.125C > T variant presented in the first decade of life with limb‐girdle weakness as the initial symptom. Sensorineural hearing loss was associated with the c.456A > C variant. Leukocyte acid ceramidase activity varied from 4.1%–13.1% of controls. Ceramide species in fibroblasts were detected and total cellular ceramide content was elevated by 2 to 9‐fold compared to controls. Treatment with rhAC normalized ceramide profiles in cultured fibroblasts to control levels within 48 h.

Interpretation

This study details the genotype–phenotype correlations observed in SMA‐PME and shows the impact of rhAC to correct the abnormal cellular ceramide profile in cells.
Engineering Vascular Self‐Assembly by Controlled 3D‐Printed Cell Placement
Authors: Orellano Isabel , Thomas Alexander , Herrera Aaron , Brauer Erik , Wulsten Dag , Petersen Ansgar , Kloke Lutz , Duda Georg N.
Published: November 2022

Nutrient supply via a functional vasculature is essential during regenerative processes, tissue growth, and homeostasis. 3D bioprinting offers the opportunity to engineer vascularized constructs by combining cells and biocompatible materials in specifically designed fashions. However, the complexity of microvascular dynamic networks can hardly be recapitulated yet, even by sophisticated 3D manufacturing. Ideally, the natural organizational competences of endothelial cells will be harnessed such that engineered vascular networks self‐assemble to form complex, controllable microvascular patterns. Here, a bioengineering approach is presented to control microvascular structure formation and to steer cellular self‐assembly of endothelial and supporting cells within a multi‐material stereolithographic 3D bioprinting concept. Bioengineered vascularized constructs are generated by controlled cell deposition in an enzymatically degradable or a non‐degradable material. In vitro, the microvascular structures are regulated in distribution, network orientation, vessel length and branching behavior and developed lumen, signs of vascular stabilization and an interconnected vascular network including anastomosis. This novel biofabrication approach demonstrates the capability to control microvascular network formation by using cellular and spatial cues allowing the generation of distinctly yet precisely vascularized constructs. Such novel approach of controlled microvascular formation may play a fundamental role in the development of vascularized implants or in vitro screening models.
Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery of Chemically Modified NGFR100W mRNA Alleviates Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Yu Xiang , Yang Zheng , Zhang Yu , Xia Jia , Zhang Jiahui , Han Qi , Yu Hang , Wu Chengbiao , Xu Yingjie , Xu Wei , Yang Wen
Published: November 2022

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic instructions to the cell machinery for the transient production of antigens or therapeutic proteins and shows enormous potential in vaccine development, cancer immunotherapy, protein replacement therapy, and genome engineering. Here, the synthesis of chemically modified nerve growth factor mutant (NGFR100W) mRNA through in vitro transcription is described. After the replacement of the original signal peptide sequence with the Ig Kappa leader sequence, codon‐optimized NGFR100W mRNA yielded high secretion of mature NGFR100W, which promotes axon growth in PC12 cells. Using lipid nanoparticle (LNP)‐delivery of N1‐methylpseudouridine‐modified mRNA in mice, NGFR100W‐mRNA‐LNPs result in the successful expression of NGFR100W protein, which significantly reduces nociceptive activity compared to that of NGFWT. This indicates that NGFR100W derived from exogenous mRNA elicited “painless” neuroprotective activity. Additionally, the therapeutic value of NGFR100W mRNA is established in a paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy model by demonstrating the rapid recovery of intraepidermal nerve fibers. The results show that in vitro‐transcribed mRNA has significant flexibility in sequence design and fast in vivo functional validation of target proteins. Furthermore, the results highlight the therapeutic potential of mRNA as a supplement to beneficial proteins for preventing or reversing some chronic medical conditions, such as peripheral neuropathy.
Precise Functionalization of a Multiple‐Resonance Framework: Constructing Narrowband Organic Electroluminescent Materials with External Quantum Efficiency over 40%
Authors: Wang Qingyang , Xu Yincai , Yang Tong , Xue Jianan , Wang Yue
Published: November 2022

It is of important strategic significance to develop high‐efficiency narrowband organic electroluminescent materials that can be employed to fabricate ultrahigh‐definition displays with wide color gamut. This topic implies a great challenge to molecular design and synthesis, especially for the development of universality, diversity, scalability, and robustness of molecular architectonics. In this work, a synthetic methodology is demonstrated for functionalizing brominated BN‐containing multiple‐resonance (MR) frameworks with multifarious functional groups, such as donors, acceptors, and moieties without obvious push–pull electron properties. The m‐DPAcP–BNCz‐based organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) exhibits green emission with a full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 28 nm and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 40.6%. The outstanding performance of m‐DPAcP–BNCz is attributed to the perfect integration of the inherent advantages of the MR framework and the donor–acceptor configuration, which can not only achieve bathochromic shift and narrowband emission, but also obtain high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (ΦPL) and horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratio (Θ//). This straightforward and efficient approach provides insightful guidance for the construction and enrichment of more high‐efficiency narrowband emitters.
High‐Q Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate Microrings Fabricated with Wet Etching
Authors: Zhuang Rongjin , He Jinze , Qi Yifan , Li Yang
Published: November 2022

Thin‐film lithium niobate (TFLN) has been widely used in electro‐optic modulators, acoustic‐–optic modulators, electro‐optic frequency combs, and nonlinear wavelength converters owing to the excellent optical properties of lithium niobate. The performance of these devices is highly dependent on the fabrication quality of TFLN. Although state‐of‐the‐art TFLN microrings with an intrinsic quality factor (Q‐factor) exceeding 1 × 107 have been realized by inductively coupled plasma–reactive ion etching (ICP‐RIE) and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), ICP‐RIE has moderate throughput, moderate reproducibility, and high cost in etching TFLN, while CMP features moderate throughput and low cost in etching TFLN. Here, a wet etching method for TFLN, leading to the fabrication of a micro‐racetrack with an intrinsic Q‐factor of over 9.27 × 106 is developed. The suitability of this method to fabricate a narrow coupling gap between the bus waveguide and microring enables the coupling conditions of the microring to be customized. This method features a high throughput, a high reproducibility, and a low cost in etching TFLN, showing the potential to boost the mass production of integrated LN photonic devices with high fidelity and affordability dramatically.
Brønsted Acid‐Promoted Benzannulation of o‐Alkynylbenzaldehyde and Alkyne, and the Positive Effect of Propargyl Alcohol
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Chun , Kuan Tzu‐Hsuan , Yuan Wen‐Wei , Chen Shih‐En , Fu Jui‐Chen , Chen Yang‐Xun , Gavin Tsai Hui‐Hsu , Hou Duen‐Ren
Published: November 2022

Bromotrimethylsilane‐promoted benzannulation of o‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and alkynes to yield 1‐naphthyl aryl ketones is reported. The reaction conditions are mild, metal‐free, and do not require pretreatment/protection of the substrates. We found that aryl propargyl alcohols were very effective substrates for this reaction, compared with other alkynes. Studies on the reaction scope, monitoring the reaction progress by 1H NMR, and theoretical calculations suggest that isochromenylium (benzopyrilium) ion is the key reaction intermediate.

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Gillessen‐Kaesbach‐Nishimura syndrome in two fetuses from Turkey
Authors: Kaymak Didem , Alpay Verda , Davutoğlu Ebru Alıcı , Elçi Oguzhan , Yiğin Aysel Kalaycı , Tüysüz Beyhan , Madazlı Riza
Published: November 2022

Gillessen‐Kaesbach‐Nishimura syndrome (GIKANIS) is a congenital disease of glycosylation (CDG) linked to the ALG9 gene. GIKANIS is a lethal disorder characterized by atypical facial features, generalized skeletal changes with shortening of the long bones with broad, round metaphyses, round ilia, and deficient ossification of the skull, cervical spine and pubic bones, and visceral abnormalities including polycystic kidneys and congenital cardiac defects. GIKANIS is caused by a homozygous splicing variant (c.1173 + 2 T > A) leading to skipping of exon 10, frameshift, and premature termination codon of the ALG9 gene. To our best knowledge, only two affected families with confirmed molecular analyses have been reported. We present an additional report on two siblings with the same mutation, emphasizing the prenatal ultrasonographic features. Their facial and skeletal manifestations recapitulated those previously reported. Ultrasonography revealed polycystic kidneys and unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) with transposition of the great arteries.
Broadband Photoresponses from Ultraviolet to Near‐Infrared (II) Region through Light‐induced Pyroelectric Effects in a Hybrid Perovskite
Authors: Guo Wuqian , Xu Haojie , Weng Wen , Tang Liwei , Ma Yu , Liu Yi , Hua Lina , Wang Beibei , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua
Published: November 2022

Broadband photodetection has shown a great promise for diverse applications, while the realization of plateau photoresponse from ultraviolet (UV) to near‐infrared (NIR) spectral region is very challenging. Herein, we exploit photoexcited pyroelectric effect in a chiral hybrid perovskite, (N, N‐dimethylcyclohexylammonium)PbBr3 (1), serving as a new pathway to drive broadband photoactivities. It is a room‐temperature pyroelectric with large polarization of ≈6.4 μC cm−2 and high pyroelectric figure‐of‐merits (FV=1.0×10−2 cm2  μC−1 and FD=7.1×10−5 Pa−1/2). Strikingly, light‐induced pyroelectric effect arising from spontaneous polarization is observed in 1, which cover UV (266 nm) to NIR‐II (1950 nm) full spectral region. The broadband photoresponses actualized by pyroelectricity break the limit of optical band gap. As the first demonstration of photo‐pyroelectricity covering UV‐to‐NIR spectral region in hybrid perovskites, this work paves a pathway to assemble high‐performance smart devices.
The Syndrome of Collective Callous‐Unemotional Traits: Reflections from Large Group Dynamics
Authors: Elhami Athar Mojtaba
Published: November 2022

Callous‐Unemotional (CU) traits refer to a pattern of attitude and behaviors, including a lack of empathy, guilt feelings, and remorse, shallow or deficient affect, and a lack of concern about others' feelings and living, which are associated with severe antisocial behavior. Almost all studies on the association between CU traits and violence are performed at individual levels, necessitating the examination of CU traits in extremist large groups. In an attempt to present a theoretical framework on how CU traits develop and function in extremist large groups, the author performed deep reflections on historical records of brutally violent acts of totalitarian regimes and extremist large groups based on data from scientific articles, books, media sources, and newspapers. The author concluded that the violent acts of these groups towards their enemies meet the criteria of CU traits. Accordingly, the author proposed the term “Syndrome of Collective Callous‐Unemotional Traits (SCCUT),” referring to the emergence of a group of CU traits among members of an extremist group or mass of people. The symptoms of SCCUT traits are elucidated, followed by explaining how and under what circumstances emerges. Also, the implications of SCCUT for future studies and counterterrorism and public health policies are discussed.
Tentorium cerebelli formation during human embryonic and early fetal development
Authors: Matsunari Chieko , Kanahashi Toru , Otani Hiroki , Imai Hirohiko , Yamada Shigehito , Okada Tomohisa , Takakuwa Tetsuya
Published: November 2022

The morphologies of the fetal tentorium cerebelli (TC) and brain influence each other during development. This study aimed to analyze and more comprehensively understand the three‐dimensional morphogenesis of the TC and fetal brain. We examined magnetic resonance imaging from 64 embryonic and fetal specimens (crown‐rump length range, 9.2–225 mm). During the embryonic period, the lateral folds of the TC elongated to traverse the middle part of the midbrain. The TC and falx cerebri appeared separated, and no invaginations at the parieto‐occipital region were observed. In the early fetal period, the cerebrum covered approximately half of the midbrain. The separation of the dural limiting layer at the parieto‐occipital region widened from the posterior cerebrum to the cranial cerebellum. The lateral folds of the TC were spread between its tip, continuous with the falx cerebri, and its base plane, located between the midbrain and rostral hindbrain. Differences in the TC components' growth directions gradually diminished as the cerebrum covered the midbrain. We observed rotation of the TC at its median section according to its growth, which ceased in the middle fetal period. The brainstem and cerebellum extended inferiorly via differential growth, with the cerebrum covering them superiorly. The morphology of the TC curved to conform to the cerebellar and cerebral surfaces. Our present study suggests that factors affecting TC morphology differ between the early and middle fetal periods. Present data provided a more comprehensive view of TC formation according to developmental stage.
Synthesis of gem‐difluoroalkenes via photoredox‐catalyzed defluoroaryloxymethylation of α‐trifluoromethyl alkenes
Authors: Atriardi Shafrizal Rasyid , Kim Jae‐Young , Anita Yulia , Woo Sang Kook
Published: November 2022

Herein, we present a novel method for the synthesis of gem‐difluoroalkenes via visible‐light photoredox‐catalyzed defluoroaryloxymethylation of α‐trifluoromethyl alkenes using α‐silyl ethers as aryloxymethyl radical precursors. This reaction shows good functional group tolerance and provides the desired products in good to excellent yields. Based on mechanistic studies, we propose a reaction mechanism involving single‐electron oxidation of an α‐silyl ether to generate an α‐aryloxymethyl radical.
Activating the different sides of top management team faultlines in enterprise sustainable development: Is environmental responsibility a burden or boost to small and medium‐sized enterprises in China?
Authors: Chen Litian , Zhou Yun , Luo Xingwu , Chen Shuai , Cao Yuting
Published: November 2022

Whether environmental responsibility can promote corporate performance has always been a focus of debate in theory and practice. We address the dispute regarding the effect of environmental responsibility by focusing on small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in China. Furthermore, based on team faultline theory, we argue that top management team (TMT) faultlines and bankruptcy threat combine to affect the relationship between environmental responsibility and long‐term performance in SMEs. Using data from 410 Chinese companies listed on the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) during 2011–2020, we find that SMEs that engage in more environmental responsibility tend to have worse long‐term performance. Additionally, this relationship varies depending on the conditions of TMT composition (i.e., faultlines) and situation (i.e., bankruptcy threat). Specifically, when the bankruptcy threat is high, TMT faultlines negatively affect the relationship between environmental responsibility and long‐term firm performance. However, TMT faultlines positively affect this relationship when the bankruptcy threat is low. This paper sheds new light on corporate environmental responsibility by adopting a theoretical perspective of TMT faultlines and identifying the specific situations in which TMT faultlines act.
Chiral All‐Nitrogen‐Coordinated Dysprosium Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Zhao Chen , Zhu Zhenhua , Wu Jinjiang , Yang Qianqian , Gebretsadik Ashebr Tesfay , Li Xiao‐Lei , Tang Jinkui
Published: November 2022

Two pairs of chiral end‐on azido‐bridged dinuclear hexaazamacrocycles, [Dy2(LN6R/S)2(N3)2Cl2](BPh4)2 (1R/1S) and [Dy2(LN6R/S)2(N3)4]Cl2 (2R/2S) (LN6R/S is hexaazamacrocyclic neutral Schiff base ligand derived from 2,6‐diformylpyridine and (1R, 2R)/(1S, 2S)‐diaminocyclohexane), were constructed by adjusting the molar ratio of sodium azide to Dy(III) macrocycle precursor. Structural analyses reveal that all Dy(III) centers in complexes 1R/1S and 2R/2S are nine‐coordinate with hula‐loop coordination geometry, and the differences between 1R/1S and 2R/2S are the terminal coordination anion and counter anion. Magnetic studies indicate that complex 2S displays typical SMM behaviors under a zero dc field, whereas 1S just shows slow relaxation of magnetization resulting from a relatively weak axial crystal field. Significantly, complex 2R/2S represents the first homochiral all‐nitrogen‐coordinated lanthanide single‐molecule magnet.
Acceleration with long vector architectures: Implementation and evaluation of the FFT kernel on NEC SX‐Aurora and RISC‐V vector extension
Authors: Vizcaino Pablo , Mantovani Filippo , Ferrer Roger , Labarta Jesus
Published: November 2022

Novel architectures leveraging long and variable vector lengths like the NEC SX‐Aurora or the vector extension of RISCV are appearing as promising solutions on the supercomputing market. These architectures often require re‐coding of scientific kernels. For example, traditional implementations of algorithms for computing the fast Fourier transform (FFT) cannot take full advantage of vector architectures. In this article, we present the implementation of FFT algorithms able to leverage these novel architectures. We evaluate these codes on NEC SX‐Aurora , comparing them with the optimized NEC libraries; and in a prototype of a RISC‐V core with a vector processing unit. We present the benefits and limitations of two approaches of RADIX‐2 FFT vector implementations. We show that our approach makes better use of the vector unit of the NEC SX‐Aurora , reaching higher or equal performance than the optimized NEC library. More generally, we prove the importance of maximizing the vector length usage of the algorithm, taking advantage of the FFT properties to reduce long‐latency vector operations, and reordering the instructions according to the specific hardware features to boost the performance of FFT‐like computational kernels.
Structure‐Reactivity Insights on the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Organophosphates: Non‐Leaving and Leaving Group Effects in a Bilinear Brønsted‐Like Relationship
Authors: Silva Valmir B. , Orth Elisa S.
Published: November 2022

The high toxicity of organophosphates, along with its wide use as agrochemicals and chemical warfare, urges efficient degradation methods. Alkaline hydrolysis stands out, which is strongly structure‐dependent. The alkaline hydrolysis of various organophosphates is described using a bilinear variation of the Brønsted equation, which evaluates concomitantly the effect of the leaving and non‐leaving groups. Over 50 reactions were successfully correlated linearly and the contribution of the usually underestimated non‐leaving group seems to be as important as the leaving group. The hetero atom effect (P=O and P=S) seems to vary the contribution of these groups. This concise understanding of the structure‐reactivity relationship allows to predict optimal neutralization processes and is key for chemical security, saving time, resources and avoiding unnecessary manipulation of toxic chemicals.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Physicochemical Studies Of Orientation‐Controlled Multi‐Arm PEG Zn(II)/Mg(II) (Aza)Phthalocyanines
Authors: Husain A. , Ganesan A. , Salah L. , Kubát P. , Ghazal B. , Makhseed S.
Published: November 2022

Tuning the amphiphilicity of (aza)phthalocyanine hydrophobic cores by introducing multiple polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties with controlled orientations of their (non)peripheral positions is an innovative approach to fabricating water‐soluble macrocyclic materials. Although many water‐soluble PEGylated macrocycles have been produced in this way, the ability to generate substances with PEG tails oriented outward from the macrocyclic plane in order to obtain non‐aggregated, water soluble forms remains a challenge. In this study, we resolved this issue by developing a methods for the synthesis of four new dual directional PEG containing Zn(II)/Mg(II) amphiphiles (ZnPc−PEG,MgPc−PEG,ZnAzaPc−PEGandMgAzaPc−PEG). In addition, the non‐aggregating behaviour, and photophysical and photochemical properties of these PEG‐complexes were elucidated.
Agronomic and quality impact of a shortened translocation for wheat streak mosaic virus resistance
Authors: Guttieri Mary J. , Bowden Robert L. , Zhang Guorong , Haley Scott , Frels Katherine , Hein Gary L. , Jordan Katherine W.
Published: November 2022

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is a mite‐vectored virus with substantial economic impact on wheat production. One of the effective sources of resistance to WSMV, Wsm1, is carried on a translocation from Thinopyrum intermedium. The original whole arm form of this translocation (T4DL·4JsS) was highly effective against WSMV but carried a substantial yield penalty in the absence of the virus. Shorter recombinants of the Th. intermedium translocation are now available. This study characterized the agronomic performance of near‐isogenic sib‐pair families in 10 yield trials using one of these shortened T4DL·4DS‐4JsS translocations, named “rec213,” in the absence of visible disease. This translocation had no effect on heading date, was associated with a modest reduction (≤ 4.8 cm) in plant height, and the translocation had a favorable effect (≤ 12.6%) on grain yield in those environments where highly significant genotype effects were detected. The translocation did not affect protein concentration or lactic acid‐sodium dodecyl sulfate solvent retention capacity, a measure of gluten quality. However, families with the translocation had slightly (≤ 5%) lower protein quality scores than paired families without the translocation. We do not expect this modest difference in quality to be a barrier to utilization of the rec213 translocation for Wsm1, but we encourage breeders to work within high‐quality genetic backgrounds when using the rec213 translocation and to monitor the quality of breeding selections. Improved codominant PCR‐based marker assays were developed to facilitate the use of the rec213 Wsm1 trait in breeding programs.
Very large scale integration implementation of efficient finite impulse response filter architectures using novel distributed arithmetic for digital channelizer of software defined radio
Authors: Bhadavath Kiran Kumar , Livinsa Z. Mary
Published: November 2022

Always an efficient and low complexity reconfigurable filter architecture is required for the channel filters of digital channelizer in software‐defined radio (SDR). In this paper, a block‐based reconfigurable finite impulse response (FIR) filter is proposed using distributed arithmetic (DA) technique. The complexity of the conventional multiplier is replaced with the DA multiplication process, and the throughput of the entire filter is increased by block processing. Memory reuse is also achieved in the proposed direct form systolic FIR filter architecture due to parallel processing. The different bandwidth filters and the corresponding coefficients are stored in the look‐up tables (LUTs) concerning different channels of the digital channelizer. The proper channel selection is used to choose an appropriate filter and partial products are generated using offset binary coding (OBC). Next, the multiplication process is done by the proposed decomposed LUT‐based DA technique in the processing blocks of the filter. The proposed filter is coded by Verilog and synthesized by application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)‐based tools from Cadence in 45 nm CMOS technology. The performance parameters such as area, delay, power consumption, area‐delay product (ADP), and power delay product (PDP) are evaluated and compared with state‐of‐the‐art works. The ADP and PDP values are saved by 44.1% and 30% by the proposed OBC‐DA‐based filter architecture than the conventional DA‐based filter architecture, respectively.
Longitudinal patterns of neuroendocrine coupling from middle childhood to early adolescence
Authors: Black Sarah R. , Scalco Matthew D. , Mackin Daniel , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Klein Daniel N.
Published: November 2022

Recent scholarship has highlighted the importance of understanding relations between hormones, rather than studying hormones in isolation. Considering neuroendocrine coupling, or the coordination of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis hormones over time, is one way to investigate how systems governing stress responsiveness and pubertal development covary during critical periods. To date, however, most work has considered hormone coupling cross‐sectionally. The current study investigated neuroendocrine coupling in a longitudinal sample from the Northeastern United States. Youth (N = 437, 53% male, 90% White) provided saliva samples for analysis of diurnal hormone activity at ages 9 (three samples per day across 3 days) and 12 (one sample per day on the same weekday for 4 weeks). At both timepoints, samples collected 30‐min after waking were assayed for cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone. Multilevel growth modeling was used to determine how levels of morning cortisol changed in tandem with DHEA and testosterone. Morning cortisol–DHEA coupling varied by child sex, as males’ cortisol–DHEA diminished over time, especially among pubertally advanced males. Females, in contrast, demonstrated strengthening cortisol–DHEA coupling over time, especially more pubertally advanced females. Morning cortisol–testosterone coupling did not vary by sex or pubertal status, demonstrating strengthening associations between ages 9 and 12. The current findings contribute to the literature on hormone coupling across development and expand this work into an earlier developmental phase than previously investigated.
A cross validation‐Voronoi and entropy based adaptive sampling strategy for uncertainty quantification through hybrid simulation
Authors: Yu Guangquan , Chen Cheng , Hou Hetao , Tian Li , Xu Weijie
Published: November 2022

Intensive and complex engineering models drive the need for computational affordability and accuracy. To obtain more accurate prediction, an effective sampling method is proposed and evaluated in this study by integrating CV (cross validation)‐Voronoi (CV‐V) and entropy (EP) strategies. The new CVV (CV‐V) ‐DEP (Distance and EP) method uses CV‐V to divide the sample space into Voronoi units and selects the unit with largest error. The candidate sample point with the largest EP and distance values in the selected unit is then selected. To verify the efficacy of the proposed method, CVV‐DEP is first compared with traditional CV‐V and CVV‐EP (CV‐V and EP) strategies for six nonlinear functions. Computational simulations are further conducted using the proposed method for uncertainty quantification through hybrid simulation of two different nonlinear systems. The proposed method is demonstrated to provide great potential for uncertainty quantification of civil engineering infrastructures through hybrid simulation.
Improving Site Selectivity in Phosphorylation of Amphiphilic Diols through Catalyst Design
Authors: Fallek Amit , Fleischer Or , Saady Fatma , Portnoy Moshe
Published: November 2022

Organocatalysts based on a nucleophilic core, decorated with long hydrocarbon or oligoether outer‐sphere tails were successfully applied for attenuating the site selectivity in phosphorylation of a model amphiphilic diol. Under the influence of the catalysts, the preference for the first functionalization of the hydroxyl at the apolar domain increased dramatically to render the ratio up to 3.9 : 1 between the monophosphorylated products, at 50 % substrate consumption (vs. 1.8 : 1 in the alike reaction without the catalyst). A considerable influence of the catalyst design, particularly the core nature and the tails structure, on the rate and the selectivity of the reaction was observed.
The psychology of hate: Moral concerns differentiate hate from dislike
Authors: Pretus Clara , Ray Jennifer L. , Granot Yael , Cunningham William A. , Van Bavel Jay J.
Published: November 2022

We investigated whether any differences in the psychological conceptualization of hate and dislike were simply a matter of degree of negativity (i.e., hate falls on the end of the continuum of dislike) or also morality (i.e., hate is imbued with distinct moral components that distinguish it from dislike). In three lab studies in Canada and the United States, participants reported disliked and hated attitude objects and rated each on dimensions including valence, attitude strength, morality, and emotional content. Quantitative and qualitative measures revealed that hated attitude objects were more negative than disliked attitude objects and associated with moral beliefs and emotions, even after adjusting for differences in negativity. In Study 4, we analysed the rhetoric on real hate sites and complaint forums and found that the language used on prominent hate websites contained more words related to morality, but not negativity, relative to complaint forums.
A cross‐sectional clinical study in women to investigate possible genotoxicity and hematological abnormalities related to the use of black cohosh botanical dietary supplements
Authors: Smith‐Roe Stephanie L. , Garantziotis Stavros , Church Rebecca L. , Bemis Jeffrey C. , Torous Dorothea K. , Shepard Kim G. , Hobbs Cheryl A. , Waidyanatha Suramya , Mutlu Esra , Shockley Keith R. , Kissling Grace E. , McBride Sandra J. , Xie Guanhua , Cristy Tim , Pierfelice Jessica , Witt Kristine L.
Published: November 2022

Black cohosh (BC; Actaea racemosa L.), a top‐selling botanical dietary supplement, is marketed to women primarily to ameliorate a variety of gynecological symptoms. Due to widespread usage, limited safety information, and sporadic reports of hepatotoxicity, the Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP) initially evaluated BC extract in female rats and mice. Following administration of up to 1000 mg/kg/day BC extract by gavage for 90 days, dose‐related increases in micronucleated peripheral blood erythrocytes were observed, along with a nonregenerative macrocytic anemia resembling megaloblastic anemia in humans. Because both micronuclei and megaloblastic anemia may signal disruption of folate metabolism, and inadequate folate levels in early pregnancy can adversely affect neurodevelopment, the DNTP conducted a pilot cross‐sectional study comparing erythrocyte micronucleus frequencies, folate and B12 levels, and a variety of hematological and clinical chemistry parameters between women who used BC and BC‐naïve women. Twenty‐three women were enrolled in the BC‐exposed group and 28 in the BC‐naïve group. Use of any brand of BC‐only supplement for at least 3 months was required for inclusion in the BC‐exposed group. Supplements were analyzed for chemical composition to allow cross‐product comparisons. All participants were healthy, with no known exposures (e.g., x‐rays, certain medications) that could influence study endpoints. Findings revealed no increased micronucleus frequencies and no hematological abnormalities in women who used BC supplements. Although reassuring, a larger, prospective study with fewer confounders (e.g., BC product diversity and duration of use) providing greater power to detect subtle effects would increase confidence in these findings.
A systematic review on the cost‐effectiveness of the computer‐assisted orthopedic system
Authors: Li Hua , Zhuang Tengfeng , Wu Wenrui , Gan Wenyi , Wu Chongjie , Peng Sijun , Huan Songwei , Liu Ning
Published: November 2022

Computer‐assisted orthopedic system (CAOS) is rapidly gaining popularity in the field of precision medicine. However, the cost‐effectiveness of CAOS has not been well clarified. We performed this review to summarize and assess the cost‐effectiveness analyses (CEAs) with regard to CAOS. Publications on CEA in CAOS have been searched in PubMed and CEA Registry up to May 31, 2022. The Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument was used to estimate the quality of studies. Relationships between qualities and potential factors were also examined. There were 15 eligible studies in the present review. Twelve studies evaluated CAOS joint arthroplasties and found that CAOS joint arthroplasties were cost‐effective compared to manual methods. Three studies focused on spinal surgery, two of which analyzed the cost‐effectiveness of CAOS for patients after spinal fusion, with conflicting results. One study demonstrated that CAOS was cost‐effective in spinal pedicle screw insertion. The mean QHES score of CEAs included was 86.1. The potential factors had no significant relationship with the quality of studies. Based on available studies, our review reflected that CAOS was cost‐effective in the field of joint arthroplasty. While in spinal surgery, the answer was unclear. Current CEAs represent high qualities, and more CEAs are required in the different disciplines of orthopedics where CAOS is employed.
A nationwide assessment of hepatocellular adenoma resection: Indications and pathological discordance
Authors: Haring Martijn P. D. , Elfrink Arthur K. E. , Oudmaijer Christiaan A. J. , Andel Paul C. M. , Furumaya Alicia , de Jong Nenke , Willems Colin J. J. M. , Huits Thijs , Sijmons Julie M. L. , Belt Eric J. T. , Bosscha Koop , Consten Esther C. J. , Coolsen Mariëlle M. E. , van Duijvendijk Peter , Erdmann Joris I. , Gobardhan Paul , de Haas Robbert J. , van Heek Tjarda , Lam Hwai‐Ding , Leclercq Wouter K. G. , Liem Mike S. L. , Marsman Hendrik A. , Patijn Gijs A. , Terkivatan Türkan , Zonderhuis Babs M. , Molenaar Izaak Quintus , te Riele Wouter W. , Hagendoorn Jeroen , Schaapherder Alexander F. M. , IJzermans Jan N. M. , Buis Carlijn I. , Klaase Joost M. , de Jong Koert P. , de Meijer Vincent E. ,   on behalf of Dutch Benign Liver Tumor Group
Published: November 2022

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are benign liver tumors associated with bleeding or malignant transformation. Data on the indication for surgery are scarce. We analyzed indications and outcome of patients operated for HCAs < 50 mm compared to HCAs ≥ 50 mm. Changes in final postoperative diagnosis were assessed. We performed a retrospective study that included patients who underwent resection for (suspected) HCAs in the Netherlands from 2014 to 2019. Indication for resection was analyzed and stratified for small (<50 mm) and large (≥50 mm) tumors. Logistic regression analysis was performed on factors influencing change in tumor diagnosis. Out of 222 patients who underwent surgery, 44 (20%) patients had a tumor <50 mm. Median age was 46 (interquartile range [IQR], 33–56) years in patients with small tumors and 37 (IQR, 31–46) years in patients with large tumors (p = 0.016). Patients with small tumors were more frequently men (21% vs. 5%, p = 0.002). Main indications for resection in patients with small tumors were suspicion of (pre)malignancy (55%), (previous) bleeding (14%), and male sex (11%). Patients with large tumors received operations because of tumor size >50 mm (52%), suspicion of (pre)malignancy (28%), and (previous) bleeding (5.1%). No difference was observed in HCA‐subtype distribution between small and large tumors. Ninety‐six (43%) patients had a postoperative change in diagnosis. Independent risk factors for change in diagnosis were tumor size <50 mm (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.4; p < 0.01), male sex (aOR, 3.7; p = 0.03), and lack of hepatobiliary contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI) (aOR, 1.8; p = 0.04). Resection for small (suspected) HCAs was mainly indicated by suspicion of (pre)malignancy, whereas for large (suspected) HCAs, tumor size was the most prevalent indication. Male sex, tumor size <50 mm, and lack of hepatobiliary CE‐MRI were independent risk factors for postoperative change in tumor diagnosis.
Conglomerate Aggregation of 7,12,17‐Trioxa[11]helicene into Homochiral Two‐Dimensional Crystals on the Cu(100) Surface
Authors: Irziqat Bahaaeddin , Berger Jan , Cebrat Aleksandra , Mendieta‐Moreno Jesús I. , Sundar Mothuku Shyam , Bedekar Ashutosh V. , Ernst Karl‐Heinz
Published: November 2022

Despite the vast development of stereochemistry it remains a great challenge to predict the fate of homochiral or heterochiral recognition in crystallization from racemic solution or melt. Using the well‐defined model system of racemic trioxaundecahelicene on a Cu(100) surface in ultrahigh vacuum, the chiral recognition of this heterohelicene has been investigated by means of state‐of‐the‐art scanning probe microscopy. The combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and tuning fork‐based non‐contact atomic force microscopy allowed assignment of the absolute configuration of single 7,12,17‐trioxa[11]helicene molecules in their two‐dimensional assemblies. At very low coverages, homochiral van der Waals‐bonded tetramers are observed. These also constitute the building blocks of the completely filled monolayer, which is a 2D conglomerate of homochiral domains. The interpretation of the adsorption geometries was supported by density‐functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, predicting a stronger interaction energy for homochiral structures over the heterochiral assembly. The striking similarity to heptahelicene on the same surface suggests that chiral recognition is dominated by the footprint interaction of the molecules with the metallic substrate.
Unsteady thermally radiative and chemically reactive viscoelastic fluid flow past a vertical porous plate with a heat source
Authors: Muduly Madan Mohan , Swain Kharabela , Rath Pravat Kumar , Parida Tusar , Dash Gouranga Charan
Published: November 2022

An analytical study is performed to investigate the thermal radiation effect on the unsteady two‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic flow of a viscoelastic incompressible fluid (Walters fluid model) along an infinite hot vertical sheet embedded in a porous medium. Further, the addition of a heat source in the energy equation as well as a chemical reaction in the concentration equation renders the present analysis realistic in the field of engineering and technology. The governing equations of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration are solved with successive perturbation techniques. The effects of pertinent parameters on fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, and bounding surface coefficients are shown graphically and in tabular form. The salient feature of the present study is to impose control on magnetic field strength vis‐à‐vis electromagnetic force by regulating voltage in the electric circuit. The important findings are: the elasticity property of the fluid is more sensitive to heated bounding surface consequently free convection current in enhancing the velocity near the plate than the inherent property viscosity. This outcome contributes to the design requirement to control the flow near the heated surface, higher values of frequency parameters contribute to the attainment of a free stream state in temperature distribution. Besides the aforesaid outcome, the present model is conducive to thinning of boundary layer as the elasticity, magnetic as well as free convection parameters enhance the force coefficients at the bounding surface.