bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ikonografija zitija sv. Dimitrija Solunskog - njena obnova u ruskom ikonopisu kraja XVII i pocetka XVIII veka
Authors: Smirnova Èngelina
Published: January 2008

(ruski) Ikonografija sv. Dimitrija Solunskogo prodolzaet razvivat'sja v russkoj ikonopisi daze v konce XVII - nacale XVIII vekov. Novyj variant Zitija sv. Dimitrija, napecatannyj v 1689 godu v Kieve v oktjabr'skom tome Cet'ih Minej Dmitrija Rostovskogo, vpervye soderzit rasskaz o detstve svjatogo. ?to nacinajut Izobrazat' v ikonah, pokazyvaja sceny blagocestivogo sozercanija ikon reb?nkom i ego roditeljami.
Inflammatory Myelopathies and Traumatic Spinal Cord Lesions: Comparison of Functional and Neurological Outcomes
Authors: Scivoletto Giorgio , Cosentino Elena , Mammone Alessia , Molinari Marco
Published: January 2008

Background and Purpose

Outcomes knowledge is essential to answer patients' questions regarding function, to plan the use of resources, and to evaluate treatments to enhance recovery. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) with those of patients with inflammatory spinal cord lesions (ISCLs).

Subjects and Methods

The authors evaluated 181 subjects with traumatic SCI and 67 subjects with ISCLs. Using a matching cohorts procedure, 38 subjects were selected from each group. The measures used were the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (motor function), the Barthel Index (BI), the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), and the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI).

Results

The subjects in the ISCL group were older than those in the SCI group, with a longer interval from onset of lesion to rehabilitation admission and more incomplete lesions. In the matching cohorts, at admission, the traumatic SCI group had RMI and WISCI scores comparable to those of the ISCL group, but the traumatic SCI group had lower scores on the BI (greater dependence on assistance for activities of daily living). At discharge, the 2 groups had comparable functional outcomes. The neurological status of the 2 groups was comparable at admission and discharge.

Discussion and Conclusion

The results indicate that, at admission, patients with SCI have a greater physical dependence for assistance with activities of daily living than patients with ISCLs who have comparable neurological status. Such a difference depends on factors not related to the spinal cord lesion, such as the presence of associated lesions, the need to wear an orthotic device, or the sequelae of surgery. The outcomes of patients with SCI are determined more by factors such as lesion level and severity and age than by etiology. This finding could have implications for health care planning and rehabilitation research.
Effects of Pilates Exercises on Shoulder Range of Motion, Pain, Mood, and Upper-Extremity Function in Women Living With Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Keays Kim S , Harris Susan R , Lucyshyn Joseph M , MacIntyre Donna L
Published: January 2008

Background and Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Pilates exercises on shoulder range of motion (ROM), pain, mood, and upper-extremity (UE) function in women who had been treated for breast cancer.

Participants

The participants were 4 women who had undergone axillary dissection and radiation therapy for stage I to IV breast cancer.

Methods

A nonconcurrent, multiple-baseline, single-subject research design was used to examine the effects of Pilates exercises on the 4 outcomes.

Results

Visual analyses of the data suggest a modest effect of the Pilates exercise program in improving shoulder abduction and external rotation ROM. Statistically significant improvement in shoulder internal and external rotation in the affected UE was shown for the one participant with pre-existing metastatic disease. The improving baselines seen for pain, mood, and UE function data made it impossible to assess the effects of Pilates exercises on those outcomes. No adverse events were experienced.

Discussion and Conclusion

Pilates exercises may be an effective and safe exercise option for women who are recovering from breast cancer treatments; however, further research is needed.
Making Space: Image Events in an Extreme State
Authors: Drucker Johanna
Published: January 2008

In our image-saturated culture, can works of imaginative art have any impact? If so, then what is the critical concept within which their effect can be understood? This article makes use of a systems-theory approach in relation to a longer history of modernist criticism, proposing the idea of refamiliarization as an associative reading that resituates images within networks and scenes of knowledge. The idea is proposed as a task of recovery, rather than alienation, and suggests a line between the shock-effect approach of exposure, predicated on a belief in a false surface to be unmasked, and the totalized concepts of simulacral virtuality that forecloses lived experience. The space made by image events is that space of interpretative activity. The works of a number of key contemporary artists offer an insight into the ways refamiliarization relates to the crises in the identity and impact of fine art and documentary images.
“WIKIVISM”: FROM COMMUNICATIVE CAPITALISM TO ORGANIZED NETWORKS
Authors: Stacey Paul
Published: January 2008

This article examines two different approaches to the political significance of networked technologies like the Internet. It considers Richard Kahn and Douglas Kellner’s “critical/reconstructive” methodology and Jodi Dean’s account of “communicative capitalism,” and shows how the respective approaches are insufficient to elucidate the genuinely radical possibilities we may harbor for the Internet. The case study of “hypertextual databases” or “wikis” is used, both to contextualize the limitations of the above arguments and to present a more radical overture for thinking about network politics. I also utilize Ned Rossiter’s concept of “organized networks” and show how these social-technical forms can provide a more radical proposition for thinking about the political possibilities of wikis. I proceed to translate wikis as specific kinds of organized networks that take us beyond a purely perfunctory language – whether as “information-rich data banks” or else animating the “fantasy of abundance” – and allow us to see them in a decidedly “political” way, as necessarily “incomplete” and thus eminently “rewritable” formations. This essay then concludes by examining the wider implications this “political” reading has for the way in which we understand the multiple situations of nascent forms of democratic politics.
CAN A PLACE Think? ON ADAM Sharr’sHEIDEGGER’S HUT
Authors: Clark Timothy
Published: January 2008

This review article engages with the architect Adam Sharr’s Heidegger’s Hut (2006), a study of Martin Heidegger’s work hut at Todtnauberg, and also with Heidegger’s own “essay” on thought at the hut, “From Out of the Experience of Thinking” (written 1947). The article traces a tension between some intellectual assumptions in the mode of presentation chosen by Sharr and the provocation of Heidegger’s thinking. The challenge of Heidegger’s thinking is to resist the mode of a biographical survey, a challenge focused above all in his elusive concept of the “earth.” This uncanny and nonfoundational element in the “experience of thinking” is seen as crucial for Heidegger at Todtnauberg, as opposed to its having offered, as Sharr’s study concludes, a “datum” for personal identity.
Should Pride of Place be Given to the Norms? Intentionality and Normativity
Authors: Calabi Clotilde , Voltolini Alberto ,   Peter Lang
Published: January 2008

Reasons motivate our intentions and thus our actions, justify our beliefs, ground our hopes and connect our feelings of shame and pride to our thoughts. Given that intentions, beliefs and emotions are intentional states, intentionality is strongly connected with normativity. Yet what is more precisely their relationship? Some philosophers, notably Brandom and McDowell, contend at places that intentionality is intrinsically normative. In this paper, we discuss Brandom and McDowell’s thesis and the arguments they provide for its defence. In contrast to what they hold, we argue that neither reference intentionality nor content intentionality are intrinsically normative, although at least content intentionality has normative implications. More precisely, we argue that neither species of intentionality are normative from a semantical viewpoint, because being in an intentional state is not being in a state that is semantically correct or incorrect. Nevertheless, being in a state endowed with content may be a reason for believing or acting. Thus, we argue that content intentionality has normative implications. More precisely, we argue that any content is such that, if it is the content of a state that is sensitive to reasons—as judging paradigmatically is—then it entitles the subject of that state to have further states or to act in certain ways.
Myths in Myopia Epidemiology and Treatment
Authors: Lanca Carla , Repka Michael X. , Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: April 2024

This Viewpoint discusses common myths about myopia and educational strategies for bringing clinical practice better in line with evidence.
Response to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Changes With Body Mass Index and Supine Sleep
Authors: Patel Rutwik M. , Wang Hannah Z. , Jamro Erica L. , Lindburg Miranda R. , Jackson Ryan S. , Malhotra Raman K. , Lucey Brendan P. , Landsness Eric C.
Published: April 2024

Importance

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is a potential alternative therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but its efficacy in a clinical setting and the impact of body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) on treatment response remain unclear.

Objective

To investigate whether HGNS therapy is effective for patients with OSA, whether HGNS can treat supine OSA, and whether there are associations between BMI and treatment response.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, adult patients with OSA implanted with HGNS at the Washington University Medical Center in St Louis from April 2019 to January 2023 were included. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to January 2024.

Exposure

HGNS.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess associations between HGNS treatment response and both BMI and supine sleep. Treatment response was defined as 50% reduction or greater in preimplantation Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) score and postimplantation AHI of less than 15 events per hour.

Results

Of 76 included patients, 57 (75%) were male, and the median (IQR) age was 61 (51-68) years. A total of 59 patients (78%) achieved a treatment response. There was a clinically meaningful reduction in median (IQR) AHI, from 29.3 (23.1-42.8) events per hour preimplantation to 5.3 (2.6-12.3) events per hour postimplantation (Hodges-Lehman difference of 23.0; 95% CI, 22.6-23.4). In adjusted analyses, patients with BMI of 32 to 35 had 75% lower odds of responding to HGNS compared with those with a BMI of 32 or less (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07-0.94). Of 44 patients who slept in a supine position, 17 (39%) achieved a treatment response, with a clinically meaningful reduction in median (IQR) supine AHI from 46.3 (33.6-63.2) events per hour preimplantation to 21.8 (4.30-42.6) events per hour postimplantation (Hodges-Lehman difference of 24.6; 95% CI, 23.1-26.5). In adjusted analysis, BMI was associated with lower odds of responding to HGNS with supine AHI treatment response (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.04-2.59), but the imprecision of the estimate prevents making a definitive conclusion.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study adds to the growing body of literature supporting the use of HGNS for OSA treatment. Sleep medicine clinicians should consider informing patients that higher BMI and supine sleeping position may decrease therapeutic response to HGNS. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in larger, more diverse cohorts, which would facilitate the optimization of treatment strategies and patient counseling for HGNS therapy.
DRD1 suppresses cell proliferation and reduces EGFR activation and PD‐L1 expression in NSCLC
Authors: Grant Christopher E. , Flis Amy L. , Toulabi Leila , Zingone Adriana , Rossi Emily , Aploks Krist , Sheppard Heather , Ryan Bríd M.
Published: April 2024

Dopamine (DA) acts in various key neurological and physiological processes as both a neurotransmitter and circulating hormone. Over the past several decades, the DA signaling network has been shown to regulate the progression of several types of solid tumors, and considerable evidence has shown it is a druggable pathway in the cancer cell context. However, the specific activity and effect of these pathway components appears to be tissue‐type and cell‐context‐dependent. In the present study, expression and methylation of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) were measured using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples, and validated using publicly available datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were performed for cell proliferation and tumor growth, respectively. Mechanistic analyses of the transcriptome and kinome in DRD1‐modulated cells informed further experiments, which characterized the effects on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) proteins. Through these experiments, we identified the DRD1 gene as a negative regulator of disease progression in NSCLC. We show that DRD1, as well as other DA pathway components, are expressed in normal human lung tissue, and that loss of DRD1 expression through promoter hypermethylation is a common feature in NSCLC patients and is associated with worse survival. At the cellular level, DRD1 affects proliferation by inhibiting the activation of EGFR and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Interestingly, we also found that DRD1 regulates the expression of PD‐L1 in lung cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that DRD1 methylation may constitute a biomarker of poor prognosis in NSCLC patients while other components of this pathway could be targeted to improve response to EGFR‐ and PD‐L1‐targeted therapies.
Risk of Neuroinflammatory Diseases Among New Recipients of Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Casey Maximilian , Pannu Sonia , Bajwa Saffia , Duarte‐García Alí , Putman Michael
Published: April 2024

Objective

Neuroinflammatory adverse events have been observed among new users of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. No studies to date have compared the real‐world risk of TNFs with other new users of biologic or targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs). The objective of this study is to describe the risk of neuroinflammatory disease after initiation b/tsDMARDs.

Methods

This new user comparative effectiveness cohort study used a large US‐based electronic health records database to describe the unadjusted incidence of neuroinflammatory adverse events over a 3‐year period. The cohort included patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis initiating treatment with a TNF inhibitor (n = 93,661) or other b/tsDMARD (n = 38,354).

Results

Among 132,015 patients included in the analysis, the most common first biologic agent was a TNF inhibitor; the unadjusted incidence of neuroinflammatory events was numerically lower among new users of TNF inhibitors (incidence 1.34 per 1,000 patient‐years) as compared with the combined non‐TNF group (1.69 per 1,000 patient‐years). There was no significant association between TNF exposure and neuroinflammatory events as compared with the combined non‐TNF b/tsDMARDs overall (hazard ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 0.75–1.36) and within each disease group.

Conclusion

The overall risk of neuroinflammatory events among new users of TNF inhibitors did not differ substantially as compared with new users of other b/tsDMARDs. Meta‐analyses of randomized trials should be conducted to corroborate these findings, which may be affected by channeling bias.
Association Between Hyperuricemia and Ultrasound‐Detected Hand Synovitis
Authors: Jiang Ting , Weng Qianlin , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael , Sarmanova Aliya , Yang Zidan , Yang Tuo , Li Jiatian , Liu Ke , Wang Yuqing , Obotiba Abasiama D. , Zeng Chao , Lei Guanghua , Wei Jie
Published: April 2024

Objective

Although hand synovitis is prevalent in the older population, the etiology remains unclear. Hyperuricemia, a modifiable metabolic disorder, may serve as an underlying mechanism of hand synovitis, but little is known about their relationship. We assessed the association between hyperuricemia and hand synovitis in a large population‐based sample.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study in Longshan County, Hunan Province, China. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum urate level >420 μmol/L in men and >360 μmol/L in women. Ultrasound examinations were performed on both hands of 4,080 participants, and both gray‐scale synovitis and the Power Doppler signal (PDS) were assessed using semiquantitative scores (grades 0–3). We evaluated the association of hyperuricemia with hand gray‐scale synovitis (grade ≥2) and PDS (grade ≥1), respectively, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index.

Results

All required assessments for analysis were available for 3,286 participants. The prevalence of hand gray‐scale synovitis was higher among participants with hyperuricemia (30.0%) than those with normouricemia (23.3%), with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.62). Participants with hyperuricemia also had a higher prevalence of PDS (aOR 2.36; 95% CI 1.15–4.81). Furthermore, hyperuricemia positively associated, both at the hand and joint levels, with the presence of gray‐scale synovitis (aOR 1.27; 95% CI 1.00–1.60 and adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.26; 95% CI 1.10–1.44, respectively) and PDS (aOR 2.35; 95% CI 1.15–4.79 and aPR 2.34; 95% CI 1.28–4.30, respectively).

Conclusion

This population‐based study provides more evidence for a positive association between hyperuricemia and prevalent hand synovitis.
Zwitterionic Cyclophane Molecules: Toward Novel Functional Materials
Authors: Beldjoudi Yassine
Published: April 2024

For over 60 years, cyclophanes have inspired the design of novel molecular architectures of different sizes and geometries, unleashing significant advances in supramolecular chemistry and also in biomedical and materials sciences. Reported cyclophanes are countless and more complex molecular structures continue to be spawned. Herein, the study classifies cyclophanes into different families to emphasize and feature their structure‐properties relationships. While neutral cyclophanes have attracted more attention owing to their solid‐state physical properties, water‐soluble anionic cyclophanes have been explored predominantly in drug delivery. In the broad family of cationic cyclophanes, viologen‐based cyclophanes (VBCs) are widely investigated for designing molecular interlocked molecules (MIMs), molecular switches, and machines owing to their unique electrochemical properties. Despite decades of ground‐breaking research in academia, controlling the cationic cyclophanes and MIMs solid‐state structures is still a limiting factor when it comes to introducing them into functional materials. Here, the study draws attention to some current challenges in cyclophane chemistry from a materials sciences perspective and highlights processes that, if overcome, would lead to cyclophanes producing transformational materials. It is envisioned that zwitterionic VBCs can have a seminal impact on host–guest chemistry, MIMs, molecular machines, and supramolecular tessellations, which can pave the way toward next‐generation technologies.
Metavalent Bonding in Cubic SnSe Alloys Improves Thermoelectric Properties over a Broad Temperature Range
Authors: Lin Nan , Han Shuai , Ghosh Tanmoy , Schön Carl‐Friedrich , Kim Dasol , Frank Jonathan , Hoff Felix , Schmidt Thomas , Ying Pingjun , Zhu Yuke , Häser Maria , Shen Minghao , Liu Ming , Sui Jiehe , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Zhou Chongjian , He Ran , Wuttig Matthias , Yu Yuan
Published: April 2024

Monocrystalline SnSe is one of the most promising thermoelectric materials with outstanding performance and a high abundance of constituting elements. However, polycrystalline SnSe, which is more robust for applications, only shows large figure‐of‐merit (zT) values in its high‐symmetry phase. Stabilizing the high‐symmetry phase at low temperatures can thus enhance the average zT value over a broad temperature range. In this work, the high‐symmetry rock‐salt SnSe phase is successfully obtained by alloying SnSe with AgVVI2 compounds (V = Sb, Bi; VI = Se, Te). These cubic SnSe phases show a unique portfolio of properties including a high optical dielectric constant, a large maximum of optical absorption, a large Born effective charge, and abnormal bond‐breaking behavior in laser‐assisted atom probe tomography. All of these characteristics are indicative of metavalent bonding. In contrast, the Pnma phase of SnSe employs covalent bonding. The enhanced symmetry at low temperatures is realized by tailoring chemical bonding. Concomitantly, zT near room temperature is increased by a factor of more than 10 from the pristine Pnma SnSe to Fmm SnSe alloys. This provides insights into the enhancement of the thermoelectric performance of SnSe and other chalcogenides over a broad temperature range by manipulating the chemical bonds.
Constructing Ag Single Atoms and Nanoparticles Co‐Decorated CoO(O)H as Highly Active Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Large Current Density
Authors: Guo Xiaoyan , Zhang Huimin , Xia Wei , Ma Mengyao , Cao Dong , Cheng Daojian
Published: April 2024

Developing highly active and stable electrocatalysts is essential for the large‐scale production of hydrogen from alkaline water. In this work, Ag single atoms and nanoparticles co‐decorated Co hydro(oxy)oxide (Ag SAs&NPs@CoO(O)H) is synthesized by a facile one‐step approach. Notably, the overpotential of Ag SAs&NPs@CoO(O)H is 200 mV at current density of 50 mA cm−2 during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Meanwhile, it can display the mass activity of 637.47 A g−1Ag under 300 mV, which is 212.49 times higher than that of commercial IrO2. Moreover, the assembled Pt/C // Ag SAs&NPs@CoO(O)H system only requires 1.9 V to reach an industrial current density of 1000 mA cm−2 in alkaline water electrolyzer and exhibits excellent stability at large current density of 1000 mA cm−2. Furthermore, in situ Raman spectroscopy analysis coupled with theoretical calculations reveals an novel active site switching mechanism is found on Ag SAs&NPs@CoO(O)H. Specifically, the O* preferentially generates on the Ag NPs and then switches toward the Co3+ site in CoO(O)H to produce OOH* and O2. Meanwhile, the Ag SAs in the lattice of CoO(O)H can exert an inhibitory force on the reconstruction process of CoOOH to Co(OH)2, resulting in excellent anti‐dissolution stability.
Synthesis of 2D Phosphorene: Current Status and Challenges
Authors: Ding Liping , Shao Peng , Yin Yuling , Ding Feng
Published: April 2024

Phosphorene, a 2D(two‐dimensional) material, holds immense promise in various applications due to its unique properties. Here, a comprehensive overview of their recent synthesis progresses, with a specific focus on three phosphorene varieties: black phosphorene, blue phosphorene, and violet phosphorene is provided. Black phosphorene, given its versatile properties, is extensively studied, but the challenges persist in achieving scalable production with high quality and controllable thicknesses. The synthesis of blue phosphorene involves epitaxial methods but results in relatively small structures, limiting its practical applications. Notably, the successful synthesis of violet phosphorene remains limited, achieved only through mechanical and liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE) methods. Despite significant progression in phosphorene synthesis, a critical need is emphasized for a cost‐effective and easily controllable method capable of efficiently managing the thickness of phosphorene. The challenges, such as scalability issues and the presence of impurities, highlight the complexity of phosphorene preparation methods. The review emphasizes the importance of continued scientific engagement to overcome these obstacles and advance the research topic. In essence, while phosphorene shows great potential, unlocking its full range of applications requires further research and innovation in synthesis methodologies.
Dual Noncovalent Binding Modes Enabled via Single Thiourea Motif: An Emerging Arsenal for Supramolecular Polymeric Nanomedicine
Authors: Li Zeke , Chen Senbin , Zhu Jintao
Published: April 2024

The structural rigidity of thiourea (TU) motifs has made them useful in supramolecular (bio)materials. However, the role of the TU motif in a single system endowing dual noncovalent interactions, i.e., Hydrogen‐bonding (H‐bonding) association and metal‐coordination interaction, to afford nanomedicine is still unexplored. Herein a smart supramolecular polymeric nanomedicine constructed via TU motifs privileged dual noncovalent interactions, toward synergistic chemo/chemodynamic (CT/CDT) cancer therapy is reported. The study first synthesized a six‐arm star‐shaped amphiphilic polymer vehicle containing pendant TU motifs, poly(acylthiourea‐co‐oligo(ethylene glycol) ethyl acrylate)6 (P(TU‐co‐OEGEA)6), followed by addressing both H‐bonding association and metal‐coordination to fabricate supramolecular nanomedicine (e.g., Dox/Cu@P(TU‐co‐OEGEA)6). Structural privilege and functional diversity of TU motifs constitute an outstanding scaffold, not only offering an H‐bonding site to associate doxorubicin (Dox) but also acting as a ligand to coordinate copper (Cu). Thereby, one TU motif can enable dual noncovalent binding modes, triggering multiple curative outcomes. TU/Dox and TU/Cu noncovalent interactions can induce intermolecular configuration, yielding prompted cargo loading and in vivo stability. Moreover, benefiting from pH‐responsive Dox release and Fenton‐like copper redox chemistry, accompanied by Dox‐induced intratumoral H2O2 elevation and prompted •OH generation, synergistic CT/CDT with extraordinary anti‐tumor efficacy is indeed accomplished. This work provides a new paradigm using TU motifs regulated dual supramolecular forces to meet therapeutic goals.
MOF‐Coated Upconversion Nanoparticle Agents Enable Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Du Jiarui , Jia Tao , Li Feng , Li Yang , Wang Qinghui , He Liangcan , Ågren Hans , Chen Guanying
Published: April 2024

Although conventional therapeutic approaches demonstrate significant success in treating primary tumors, their efficacy diminishes when addressing distant and metastatic tumors, calling for new technologies to transport and activate the therapeutic agents. Here, a core‐shell UCNP@MOF (upconversion nanoparticle — metal organic framework) nanoagents is constructed for Type I and Type II photodynamic therapy under biocompatible near‐infrared light irradiance (at 808 nm) and utilize their pore loading capacity to further realize synergistic immunotherapy in solid tumors. The Cu2+ to Cu+ reduction at the nodes in the MOFs shell is demonstrated to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species via depletion of overexpressed glutathione (GSH) compounds, while tumor microenvironment‐enriched hydrogen peroxide is found to substantially augment the PDT effects. Importantly, the MOFs pore‐loaded indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, along with s‐nitroso‐n‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), upregulated tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and induced prominent immunotherapeutic effects in vivo. This core‐shell UCNP@MOF nanoagents have demonstrated effectiveness against both primary and distant tumors in xenografted tumor models, holding promise for treating solid tumors in metastasis.
Hierarchical Piezoelectric Composites for Noninvasive Continuous Cardiovascular Monitoring
Authors: Tian Guo , Deng Weili , Yang Tao , Zhang Jieling , Xu Tianpei , Xiong Da , Lan Boling , Wang Shenglong , Sun Yue , Ao Yong , Huang Longchao , Liu Yang , Li Xuelan , Jin Long , Yang Weiqing
Published: April 2024

Continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP) and multiparametric analysis of cardiac functions are crucial for the early diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. However, existing monitoring approaches often suffer from bulky and intrusive apparatus, cumbersome testing procedures, and challenging data processing, hampering their applications in continuous monitoring. Here, a heterogeneously hierarchical piezoelectric composite is introduced for wearable continuous BP and cardiac function monitoring, overcoming the rigidity of ceramic and the insensitivity of polymer. By optimizing the hierarchical structure and components of the composite, the developed piezoelectric sensor delivers impressive performances, ensuring continuous and accurate monitoring of BP at Grade A level. Furthermore, the hemodynamic parameters are extracted from the detected signals, such as local pulse wave velocity, cardiac output, and stroke volume, all of which are in alignment with clinical results. Finally, the all‐day tracking of cardiac function parameters validates the reliability and stability of the developed sensor, highlighting its potential for personalized healthcare systems, particularly in early diagnosis and timely intervention of cardiovascular disease.
Projection Stereolithography 3D Printing High‐Conductive Hydrogel for Flexible Passive Wireless Sensing
Authors: Sun Yongding , Cui Jin , Feng Shiwei , Cui Jingjing , Guo Yunlong , Liang Chen , Gao Weizi , Lu Zhe , Liu Fukang , Zhang Biao
Published: April 2024

Hydrogel‐based electronics have inherent similarities to biological tissues and hold potential for wearable applications. However, low conductivity, poor stretchability, nonpersonalizability, and uncontrollable dehydration during use limit their further development. In this study, projection stereolithography 3D printing high‐conductive hydrogel for flexible passive wireless sensing is reported. The prepared photocurable silver‐based hydrogel is rapidly planarized into antenna shapes on substrates using surface projection stereolithography. After partial dehydration, silver flakes within the circuits form sufficient conductive pathways to achieve high conductivity (387 S cm−1). By sealing the circuits to prevent further dehydration, the resistance remains stable when tensile strain is less than 100% for at least 30 days. Besides, the sealing materials provide versatile functionalities, such as stretchability and shape memory property. Customized flexible radio frequency identification tags are fabricated by integrating with commercial chips to complete the accurate recognition of eye movement, realizing passive wireless sensing.
X‐Ray‐Triggered CO‐Release from Gold Nanocluster: All‐in‐One Nanoplatforms for Cancer Targeted Gas and Radio Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Cao Lei , Yang Yating , Zheng Yanlin , Cheng Wei , Chen Minghong , Wang Tongtong , Mu Chuan , Wu Min , Liu Bin
Published: April 2024

Glycolysis‐dominant metabolic pathway in cancer cells can promote their therapeutic resistance against radiotherapy (RT). Carbon monoxide (CO) as a glycolysis inhibitor can enhance the efficiency of RT. Herein, an X‐ray responsive CO‐releasing nanocomposite (HA@AuNC@CO) based on strong host–guest interactions between the radiosensitizer and CO donor for enhanced RT is developed. The encapsulated gold nanoclusters (CD‐AuNCs) can effectively generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under X‐ray radiation, which not only directly inactivate cancer cells but also induce in situ CO gas generation from adamantane modified metal carbonyl (Ada‐CO) for glycolysis inhibition. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that HA@AuNC@CO exhibits active targeting toward CD44 overexpressed cancer cells, along with excellent inhibition of glycolysis and efficient RT against cancer. This study offers a new strategy for the combination of gas therapy and RT in tumor treatment.
Ordered Perovskite Structure with Functional Units for High Performance and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yulong , Chen Jiahui , Zhang Yuxi , Tan Wen Liang , Ku Zhiliang , Yuan Yongbo , Chen Qi , Huang Wenchao , McNeill Christopher R. , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Lu Jianfeng
Published: April 2024

Ion migration is one of the most critical challenges that affects the stability of metal‐halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the current arsenal of available strategies for solving this issue is limited. Here, novel perovskite active layers following the concept of ordered structures with functional units (OSFU) to intrinsically suppress ion migration, in which a three‐dimensional (3D) perovskite layer is deposited by vapor deposition for light absorption and a 2D layer is deposited by solution process for ion inhibition, are constructed. As a promising result, the activation energy of ion migration increases from 0.36 eV for the conventional perovskite to 0.54 eV for the OSFU perovskite. These devices exhibit substantially enhanced operational stability in comparison with the conventional ones, retaining >85% of their initial efficiencies after 1200 h under ISOS‐L‐1. Moreover, the OSFU devices show negligible fatigue behavior with a robust performance under light/dark cycling aging test (ISOS‐LC‐1 protocol), which demonstrates the promising application of functional motif theory in this field.
Enhanced Electro‐Optic Coefficients in Single‐Crystalline BaTiO3 Thin Films Enabled by Domain Alignment
Authors: Wen Yiyang , Cao Yilin , Chen Haisheng , Du Xiaona , Guo Jiaxing , Shen Jiaying , Zhang Fan , Bian Taiyu , An Yu , Ren Hongda , Wu Zhenping , Liu Weiwei , Zhang Yang
Published: April 2024

In silicon photonics, BaTiO3 (BTO) emerges as a promising electro‐optic (EO) integrated material due to its excellent EO modulation capabilities. Nevertheless, the EO response of multi‐domain BTO thin films tends to be lower than that of bulk materials. BTO thin films are fabricated with strong EO responses utilizing the pulsed laser deposition technique. Considering the importance of the SrTiO3 (STO) buffer layer, a series of epitaxial BTO thin films are deposited on STO substrates with engineered domain alignment. Given the contribution of domain variants in BTO thin films to their EO response, specific electrode patterns are designed to enhance their performance. An effective Pockels coefficient of 286 pm V−1 is determined for the BTO thin film via the transmission geometry method, which surpasses recent reports. Through domain engineering in the BTO thin film, the remarkable enhancement in the EO response arising from in‐plane polarization (a‐axis) characteristics is confirmed. Simultaneously, utilizing the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) optical probe, deep exploration into the domain dynamics within BTO thin films is conducted. These findings provide insights into the contribution of domain variants to the EO response and shed light on further developing silicon‐based heterogeneously integrated devices.
Insights into the Enantioselective Au(I)‐Catalyzed Reactions between 2‐Alkynyl Ketones and Naphthols using the TCDC Approach
Authors: Yu Yunliang , Daghmoum Meriem , Sabat Nazarii , Zhang Zhenhao , Frison Gilles , Marinetti Angela , Guinchard Xavier
Published: April 2024

The CPAPhosAuCl bifunctional complexes catalyse the enantioselective tandem cycloisomerization‐nucleophilic addition reactions between 2‐alkynylenones and naphthols, where naphthols behave mainly as O‐nucleophiles. The inherent acidity of the catalysts induces then the isomerization of the O‐addition‐ into the C‐addition products with concomitant decrease of their enantiomeric excesses. In depth mechanistic studies have provided insights into these processes. Subsequently, the undesired racemization pathways could be suppressed by using substituted naphthols as nucleophiles, which delivered a large series of chiral bicyclic furanes in high enantioselectivities.
Progress in Green Ammonia Synthesis Technology: Catalytic Behavior of Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts
Authors: Tian Feiyang , Zhou Nan , Chen Wenqian , Zhan Jing , Tang Liang , Wu Minghong
Published: April 2024

Ammonia as a green energy source has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Despite its industrial intensity, the Haber‐Bosch process remains a primary ammonia source, emitting significant CO2 (≈2.9 tons per ton of ammonia). Future ammonia synthesis methods aim to surpass the Haber‐Bosch process by operating under milder conditions. These methods encompass chemical looping, thermal catalysis, electrochemical catalysis, photocatalysis, and plasma catalysis, albeit with inherent limitations. Although thermal catalysis has reduced conditions to ≈5 MPa, innovative catalysts are still scarce. Electrochemical catalysis produces hydrogen via water electrolysis but encounters challenges in Faraday efficiency and ammonia yield. Photocatalytic synthesis, while energy‐efficient, suffers from sluggish reaction rates. Plasma synthesis, while achieving low temperatures and pressures, faces difficulties in ammonia yield amidst competitive reactions. Chemical looping synthesis, enabling independent nitrogen fixation and hydrogenation, lacks efficient nitrogen transport catalysts. Effective catalysts are a common requirement across these methods. This review explores recent advancements, elucidating reaction mechanisms, nitrogen activation, and catalyst performance, while discussing the strengths, weaknesses, and future prospects of ammonia synthesis technologies to foster further innovation in the field.
Tuning d–p Orbital Hybridization of NiMoO4@Mo15Se19/NiSe2 Core‐Shell Nanomaterials via Asymmetric Coordination Interaction Enables the Water Oxidation Process
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Zhang Wen , Zhu Jiawei , Zhou Xinyuan , Xu Guang‐Rui , Chen Dehong , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei
Published: April 2024

The electrocatalytic performance of MoNi‐based nanomaterials undergo selenization has garnered significant interest due to their modified electronic structure, while still posses certain challenges for obtained bimetallic selenides. Here, a novel MoNi‐based electrocatalyst of NiMoO4@Mo15Se19/NiSe2 core‐shell nanomaterials is constructed to promote the desorption of OOH* which can facilitate the water oxidation process. NiMoO4@Mo15Se19/NiSe2 core‐shell nanoarrays show that the “cores” are mainly NiMoO4 nanorods while the “shells” are the bimetallic selenides nanoflakes, which are super architectures that can expand more active sites and accelerate the electron transfer. Moreover, the hybridization interaction between Ni 3d, Mo 4d, and Se 4p orbitals leads to an asymmetric distribution of electric clouds, which decreases the adsorption energy and transformation of oxygen‐containing species. Electrochemical data displays that the overpotentials of NiMoO4@Mo15Se19/NiSe2 core‐shell nanomaterials are only 195 mV, 220 mV, and 224 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline freshwater, alkaline simulated seawater, and alkaline natural seawater. The current density decay is negligible after 100 h stability at about 1.46 V with a three‐electrode system in alkaline natural seawater. The low cost and the unique MoNi‐based bimetallic selenides in this work provide a more constructive solution for designing efficient and stable OER catalysts in the future.
Homozygosity for disease‐causing variants in AMT and GLDC in a patient with severe nonketotic hyperglycinemia
Authors: Drackley Andy , Peter Merlene , Rathbun Pamela , Ing Alexander , Prada Carlos E. , Yap Kai Lee
Published: April 2024

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a relatively well‐characterized inborn error of metabolism that results in a combination of lethargy, hypotonia, seizures, developmental arrest, and, in severe cases, death early in life. Three genes encoding components of the glycine cleavage enzyme system—GLDC, AMT, and GCSH—are independently associated with NKH. We report on a patient with severe NKH in whom the homozygous pathogenic variant in AMT (NM_000481.3):c.602_603del (p.Lys201Thrfs*75) and the homozygous likely pathogenic variant in GLDC(NM_000170.2):c.2852C>A (p.Ser951Tyr) were both identified. Our patient demonstrates a novel combination of two homozygous disease‐causing variants impacting the glycine cleavage pathway at two different components, and elicits management‐ and genetic counseling‐related challenges for the family.
Changes in weight status among “Ju/’hoansi” San hunter‐gatherers between 1968/69 and 1987—The effects of nutritional transition, sex and age
Authors: Kirchengast Sylvia
Published: April 2024

Background

Changes in lifestyle and dietary habits that hunter‐gatherer populations have undergone in recent decades have often led to rising obesity rates with disastrous consequences for their health.

Objectives

The associations between dietary habits and weight status were studied in 238 “Ju/’hoansi” San (93 women and 145 men) aged between 18 and 65 years in northern Namibia in 1987. Weight status was estimated based on the World Health Organization body mass index (BMI) categories, and dietary habits were recorded using food recall methods. Anthropometrics and weight status were compared with those of a sex‐ and age‐matched sample of “Ju/’hoansi” San people collected by Nancy Howell in 1968/69.

Results

Body weight had increased significantly among “Ju/’hoansi” San people from 1968/69 to 1987. The number of underweight people decreased from 1968/69 to 1987. In 1987, most participants (60.9%) were of normal weight. Overweight was found in 1.3% of the women, but not among men. No participants were obese. Less than 4% of the women and less than 2% of the men consumed exclusively traditional hunter‐gatherer food. Westernized food products were significantly (p < 0.001) more common among men and younger people. Dietary patterns were significantly associated with weight status. The less traditional the diet, the higher the BMI (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The transition to domestic agricultural and westernized foods was positively associated with increasing BMI. Overweight, however, was still an extremely rare condition in this population in 1987.
Early molecular events of autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease in marmosets with PSEN1 mutations
Authors: Homanics Gregg E. , Park Jung Eun , Bailey Lauren , Schaeffer David J. , Schaeffer Lauren , He Jie , Li Shuoran , Zhang Tingting , Haber Annat , Spruce Catrina , Greenwood Anna , Murai Takeshi , Schultz Laura , Mongeau Lauren , Ha Seung‐Kwon , Oluoch Julia , Stein Brianne , Choi Sang Ho , Huhe Hasi , Thathiah Amantha , Strick Peter L. , Carter Gregory W. , Silva Afonso C. , Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

Fundamental questions remain about the key mechanisms that initiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the factors that promote its progression. Here we report the successful generation of the first genetically engineered marmosets that carry knock‐in (KI) point mutations in the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene that can be studied from birth throughout lifespan.

METHODS

CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate marmosets with C410Y or A426P point mutations in PSEN1. Founders and their germline offspring are comprehensively studied longitudinally using non‐invasive measures including behavior, biomarkers, neuroimaging, and multiomics signatures.

RESULTS

Prior to adulthood, increases in plasma amyloid beta were observed in PSEN1 mutation carriers relative to non‐carriers. Analysis of brain revealed alterations in several enzyme–substrate interactions within the gamma secretase complex prior to adulthood.

DISCUSSION

Marmosets carrying KI point mutations in PSEN1 provide the opportunity to study the earliest primate‐specific mechanisms that contribute to the molecular and cellular root causes of AD onset and progression.

Highlights

We report the successful generation of genetically engineered marmosets harboring knock‐in point mutations in the PSEN1 gene.

PSEN1 marmosets and their germline offspring recapitulate the early emergence of AD‐related biomarkers.

Studies as early in life as possible in PSEN1 marmosets will enable the identification of primate‐specific mechanisms that drive disease progression.
Six complete mitochondrial genomes of ground beetles from the Harpalinae and Carabinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with phylogenetic analysis based on mitogenomic data
Authors: Lin Xingyu , Song Nan , Wang Miaomiao
Published: April 2024

In this study, we employed high‐throughput sequencing technology to determine the complete mitochondrial genomes of six ground beetles, encompassing five Harpalinae species and one Carabinae species. The sizes of mitochondrial genomes ranged from 15,334 to 16,972 bp, encompassing 37 genes, including 13 protein‐coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. Furthermore, each species was found to possess a putative control region. Combining with 65 published mitochondrial genome sequences of Carabidae as ingroups and four species from Trachypachidae, Gyrinidae and Dytiscidae as outgroups, we conducted phylogenetic analyses utilizing Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Moreover, we reconstructed a species tree of Carabidae based on mitochondrial genome data using the coalescent‐based species tree method (ASTRAL). The results revealed that the family Carabidae was not a monophyletic group. The subfamily Harpalinae was supported to be a monophyletic group in Maximum likelihood analysis. Although the subfamily Carabinae was found to be nonmonophyletic in the concatenation analyses under both Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria, it was identified as a monophyletic group in the species tree analysis.
UHPLC‐MS/MS analysis, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant properties of Lantana camara L. extracts obtained by conventional and nonconventional methods
Authors: Cvetanović Kljakić Aleksandra , Lončar Biljana , Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Etienne Ouattara Katinan , Božunović Jelena , Gašić Uroš , Koyuncu Ismail , Yuksekdag Ozgur , Zengin Gokhan
Published: April 2024

Lantana camara is widely known as a garden plant, but its use for various medicinal purposes is widespread in traditional medicine. In the frame of this study, L. camara was subjected to several different extraction techniques, including supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), homogenizer‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, maceration, and Soxhlet extraction. The investigation encompasses the analysis of the chemical composition alongside assessments of biological activities, such as antioxidant and enzyme‐inhibition potential and cytotoxicity of the obtained extracts. The obtained results showed that the extract obtained by accelerated‐solvent extraction was the richest in the content of total phenols and of individual compounds. Of the 17 components identified in total, hispidulin was detected in the highest concentration (5.43–475.97 mg/kg). In the antioxidant assays, the extracts obtained by accelerated‐solvent and microwave extraction possessed the highest level of antioxidant and antiradical protection. All obtained extracts showed enzyme‐inhibitory action on amylase, glucosidase, tyrosinase, and cholinesterase, showing a high potential for application against diseases induced by excessive activity of these enzymes. Cytotoxic analysis was performed on normal and tumor cells, whereby the obtained IC50 values were in the range of 7.685–79.26 µg/mL, showing the high cytotoxicity of the obtained extracts. Using Z score analysis, ASE resulted in an optimal combination of tested quality characteristics of the L. camara extracts.