bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Kurikulum Muatan Lokal PAI Tingkat SMP di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Authors: Suparta Suparta
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the policies to address the problem PAI, a strategy to overcome the schedule of PAI, and models of local curriculum (PAI) in Central Bangka Regency. The results showed that: First, to overcome the short-age of time allocation PAI that is only two or three hours a week, then the policy of adding times for extracurricular should be made. Second, one strategy in order the addition of the times to be effective, the government of Central Bangka Bangka Belitung should make a policy of the implementation of local curriculum-based PAI. Third, the local curriculum carried out is structured local curriculum for iqra’ and unstructured local curriculum that contains conducting Dhuha prayer and jama’ah prayers, reading the Qur’an, coaching students’ character and giving religious lectures for students.AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kebijakan untuk mengatasi ma-salah PAI, strategi penambahan jam PAI, dan model kurikulum muatan lokal di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, untuk mengatasi kekurangan alokasi waktu PAI yang hanya dua atau tiga jam dalam seminggu maka dibuatlah kebijakan penambahan jam diluar jam PAI. Kedua, sa-lah satu strategi agar penambahan jam tersebut berjalan efektif, maka pemerintah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah Kepulauan Bangka Belitung membuat kebijakan pelaksanaan kurikulum muatan lokal yang berbasis PAI. Ketiga, Muatan lokal yang dilaksanakan berupa muatan lokal terstruktur berupa muatan lokal iqra’ dan muatan lokal yang tidak terstruktur yaitu pembinaan shalat dhuha dan shalat ber-jamaah, membaca al-Qur’an, pembinaan budi pekerti dan mengadakan ceramah agama.
Pembaharuan Pendidikan Islam Konsep Pendidikan Tinggi Islam Menurut Pemikiran Fazlur Rahman
Authors: Najib Aan
Published: June 2016

Fazlur Rahman idea of renewal Islamic college is lead to improvement of the current Islamic education. The final conclusion of this paper is (1).the formulation of thought the concept of Islamic higher education to be developed must be built on a solid paradigm spiritually, superior intellectually, and graceful morally with the Qur'an as a first reference and foremost. (2) offer a curriculum that are open to the studies of philosophy and social-science. (3) If the Islamic college in Indonesia is willing to follow the educational Fazlur Rahman thinking, motivation Indonesian Muslims to the development of science will be stronger, the dichotomy of science will be increasingly eroded.AbstrakGagasan Fazlur Rahman tentang pembaharuan pendidkan tinggi Islam sangat berhubungan dengan peningkatan pendidikan Islam masa kini. Kesimpulan akhir dari makalah ini adalah (1) formulasi pemikiran tentang konsep pemikiran mengenai pendidikan tinggi Islam yang akan dikembangkan harus dibangun di atas paradigma spiritual yang solid, unggul secara intelektual, dan anggun secara moral sesuai dengan Al-Qur'an sebagai rujukan pertama dan terutama. (2) kurikulum yang terbuka untuk studi filsafat dan ilmu sosial. (3) Jika perguruan tinggi Islam di Indonesia bersedia mengikuti pemikiran pendidikan Fazlur Rahman, maka keinginan umat Islam Indonesia untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan akan lebih kuat, dikotomi ilmu akan semakin terkikis.
Radikalisme Versus Pendidikan Agama Menggali Akar Radikalisme Dari Kekerasan Terhadap Anak Atas Nama Pendidikan Agama
Authors: Thohir Muhammad
Published: June 2016

Education is not only limited to the pragmatic purposes for achieving various desired profession but also substantially, it aims to make a person more valuable in his life. Meanwhile, religion that considered as a greate and absolute value system was delivered particularly in different ways from the value itself. So, it will become the seeds of radicalism in the public interaction. This paper is the result of a conceptual development study that aimed to unravel the roots of radicalism by describing the children abuse facts in the process of religious education in Indonesia, both in family or school. The study explained the details of various aspects of the causes of the violent practices and analyzed it in religious, social and the educational management psychology perspectives AbstrakPendidikan tidak hanya terbatas pada tujuan pragmatis untuk mencapai berbagai profesi yang diinginkan, tetapi juga secara substansial, bertujuan untuk membuat seseorang lebih berharga dalam hidupnya. Sementara itu, agama yang dianggap sebagai sistem nilai yang besar dan mutlak disampaikan terutama dengan cara yang berbeda dari nilai itu sendiri. Jadi, itu akan menjadi benih-benih radikalisme dalam interaksi masyarakat. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil studi pengembangan konseptual yang bertujuan untuk mengungkap akar radikalisme dengan meng-gambarkan anak-anak penyalahgunaan fakta dalam proses pendidikan agama di Indonesia, baik dalam keluarga atau sekolah. Studi ini menjelaskan rincian ber-bagai aspek penyebab praktik kekerasan dan dianalisis dalam perspektif psikologi agama, sosial dan manajemen pendidikan.
Transmisi Ideologi Ahlussunnah Wal Jama’ah: Studi Evaluasi Pembelajaran Ke-Nu-an di SMA Al-Ma’ruf Kudus
Authors: Shodiq Shodiq
Published: June 2016

Almost every group and community-based organizations provide education in the form of school / madrasah to transmite their ide, indeed Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). One of the characteristics of a school / madrasah NU is their learning from ke-NU an. Research using qualitative methods and approaches, and the evaluation model used is the CIPP evaluation model. The results of this study is that the im-plementation of learning from the ke-NU-an in SMA NU al-Ma'ruf was successful in education and socialization Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah, while strengthening the character of the ke-Nuan and fanaticism students. This success can be achieved with the support of other subjects similar such as Fiqh Amali, Tarikh NU, Hujjah Aswaja, and provide good facilities AbstrakHampir setiap kelompok dan atau organisasi masyarakat menyelenggarakan pen-didikan berupa sekolah/madrasah, tidak terkecuali Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Salah satu ciri dari sekolah/madrasah NU adalah adanya pembelajaran ke-NU-an. Penelitian menggunakan metode dan pendekatan kualitatif, dan model evaluasi yang digunakan adalah model evaluasi CIPP. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran ke-NU-an di SMA NU al-Ma`ruf dapat dikatakan berhasil dalam mewariskan dan mensosialiasikan Islam Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah ala NU, sekaligus memperkuat karakter ke-NU-an dan fanatisme siswa-siswinya. Keberhasilan ini dapat dicapai dengan didukung oleh mata pelajaran-mata pelajaran lain yang sejenis seperti Fiqih Amali, Tarikh NU, Hujjah Aswaja, dan Kitab Kuning, serta adanya fasilitas yang memadai
Kurikulum Madrasah: Studi Perbandingan Madrasah di Asia
Authors: Nasir Muhammad
Published: June 2016

Madrasah is one of the oldest Islamic education institution. At first, the school only develop curriculum with Islamic competences are the main objectives .. Madrasah today has been integrating the Islamic knowledge and sciences. Several countries in Asia both predominantly Muslim and minority seems that they have developed madrasa education institutions as one attractive option for people. Every country has the madrassa who coined according to the characteristics typi-cal of a country, There are significant similarities, all madrassas in various countries have a curriculum that combines religious education in the form of Aquran, Hadith, Fiqh, Tawhid, historical and moral theology and general edu-cation based on demands of each country AbstrakMadrasah merupakan salah lembaga pendidikan Islam tertua. Pada mulanya, ma-drasah hanya mengembangan kurikulum dengan kompetensi keislaman yang menjadi tujuan utama. Madrasah masa kini telah memadukan antara ilmu-ilmu kesilaman, ilmu-ilmu umum dan teknoogi. Beberapa negara di Asia baik yang penduduknya mayoritas muslim maupun yang minoritas telah memgembangkan lembaga pendidikan madrasah sebagai salah satu pilihan menarik buat masyara-katnya. Setiap negara memiliki madrasah yang memiiki ciri khas sesuai dengan karakteristik negara di mana madrasah itu berada, Terdapat persamaan yang penting, semua madrasah di berbagai negara memiliki kurikulum yang mema-dukan antara pendidikan keagamaan berupa Aquran, Hadis, Fiqh, Tauhid, sejarah dan akidah akhlak dan pendidian umum yang menjadi tuntutan negara masing-masing
Surgical Complications of Live Related Renal Transplantation
Authors: Ashraf Hafiz Shahzad , Seerwan Muhammad , Ibrahim M Nasir , Hussain Nadir , Rehman Rana Atta-ur-
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end stage renal disease. It offers marked improvement in the quality of life of patients who undergo this form of treatment. Surgical complications are important in the sense that they can lead to loss of allograft and in severe cases loss of patient life. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of surgical complications after renal trans-plantation in our population.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the surgical complications in 350 patients who had live related renal transplantation performed at Postgraduate Medical Institute, Shaikh Zayed hospital Lahore from January 2007 to December 2013.Results:Among 57 (16.1%) surgical complications 18 (5.1%) had urological complications. Urinary fistulae, ureteral stenosis, ureteral stricture and hematuria occurred in 9 (2.5%), 4 (1.14%), 4 (1.14%) and 1 (0.28%) patients respectively. Vascular complications occurred in 5 (1.42%) patients in total. 2 (0.57%) patients had renal artery thrombosis and 1 (0.28%) patient had renal vein thrombosis. 2 (0.57%) patients had thrombosis of external iliac artery. Lymphocele occur-red in17 (4.8%) of patients and wound infection developed in 19 (5.4%) patients.Conclusion:Surgical complications after kidney transplantation may be reduced or minimized if basic surgical principles of transplantation are followed. We conclude that kidney transplantation is a safe procedure with fewer surgical complications. The most important thing is the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of the complications in order to save the graft and the patient.Keywords:Transplantation, Complications, Live related.
Comparative evaluation of the role of Sonography in diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis versus Surgeon`s clinical impression
Authors: Ahmad Ahsen Nazir , Fatima Noor , Hussain Rana Amjad , SNR Qadir
Published: June 2016

A randomly selected group of patients presented in Accidents & Emergency department of Jinnah hospital Lahore with complaint of acute lower abdominal pain were subjected to abdominal sonography and those positive for acute appendicitis on ultrasound examination were operated. Another group of randomly selected patients with acute lower abdominal pain in Emergency department were clinically evaluated for acute appendicitis and surgery was done based on clinical impression (history and classical signs for acute appendicitis). Ultrasound examination showed the following parameters. Sensitivity 71.8%, specificity 62.5%, PPV 88.4%, NPV 35.7%. Clinical evaluation showed the sensitivity of 95.2%, specificity 77.7%, PPV 90.9%, NPV 87.5%. It was concluded on the basis of the results that clinical evaluation of the patient is more sensitive in correctly categorizing those who need appendicectomy than the ultrasound examination. Although the latter can be used in suspected cases and to rule out other pathological conditions resulting in acute abdomen. Limitations: Clinical judgment to a large extent rest on the experience and expertise of the surgeon and so is the quality of sonographic results, which depend on experience of sonographer & quality of ultrasound machine.
Fetal Outcome varies with different grades of Placental Abruption
Authors: Saadia Zaheera , Khan Aamir Zaman , Nahid Fehmida
Published: June 2016

This is a prospective study carried out in Gynae unit-1 of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore over a time period of one year. We aimed to find out the prevalence of abruptio placenta in the hospital population and compare the fetal outcome with different grades of placental abruption. Student t test was applied to assess the degree of significance. P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Complications observed were intrauterine death (IUD), Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), Prematurity and fetal anemia. Placental abruption accounted for 2% of hospital obstetrical population. Adverse fetal outcome was observed with Grade 3-4 abruption as compared to abruption of Grade 0-1. Statistically significant numbers of fetuses had no complication with Grade 0-1 abruption and were delivered in good condition (table-1). We concluded that a more aggressive approach is required to manage abruption of Grade 3-4 and observational strategy should be considered for Grade 0-1.
Ateroesclerosis asociada a infección por chlamydophila pneumoniae: interacción entre el ser humano y una bacteria
Authors: Gudiño-Gomezjurado Alvaro , Gudiño-Gomezjurado Marco
Published: June 2016

La ateroesclerosis y sus complicaciones constituyen una de las mayores causas de morbi-mortalidad a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, solo la mitad de los casos se justifica por los factores de riesgo tradicionales. No obstante, desde hace casi cinco décadas se ha intentado encontrar causas no tradicionales asociadas a la enfermedad ateroesclerótica. Varios agentes infecciosos han emergido como posibles candidatos centralizándose la investigación en Chlamydophila pneumoniae por su capacidad de infectar las células endoteliales durante el proceso ateroesclerótico. A lo largo del tiempo, múltiples estudios han tratado de probar la causalidad de C. pneumoniae en el proceso ateroesclerótico y sus complicaciones. A pesar de esto, hasta la fecha las conclusiones son ambiguas y de poca relevancia para la práctica clínica diaria.
Tumor dermoide en órbita ocular en recién nacido
Authors: Vives-Restrepo Juan , Ortega-Tobías Manuel , Fernández-López Luis , Palma-Acosta María
Published: June 2016

Descripción de un caso de un paciente neonato con quiste dermoide situado en órbita izquierda, con revisión de la literatura médica de la presentación de este tipo de lesiones. Estudio descriptivo y reporte de caso. Presentación del caso clínico del paciente y revisión de la literatura con aproximación al componente patológico de la enfermedad. La mayoría de los QD en oftalmología son superficiales y están presentes en la primera infancia como inflamaciones discretas en la ceja o el parpado, en el caso de QD existe un buen pronóstico y es todavía mejor si es tratado tempranamente.
Desde la ciencia avalada: una posible solución a la sequía del caribe colombiano
Authors: Salazar-Ceballos Alexander
Published: June 2016

La reciente medición de grupos de investigación de Colciencias, Colombia, dejó sinsabores entre diferentes investigadores, principalmente divididos entre ciencias duras y ciencias blandas, es decir una competencia tácita
Reflexiones sobre la investigación, la producción de conocimiento y la publicación científica en salud en Colombia
Authors: Álvarez Miño Lídice
Published: June 2016

La intención de este editorial es poner sobre la mesa aspectos de debate que contribuyan a la reflexión constante que se debe hacer sobre la investigación en salud en Colombia.
Causas de contaminación de prótesis fijas en elaboración, laboratorio dental CURN Cartagena, año 2013
Authors: González Arteta Ingrid
Published: June 2016

En la fabricación protésica pueden presentarse fracasos, no siendo ajeno a esto, en el laboratorio de mecánica dental de la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, se presenta contaminación durante el proceso de fabricación de las prótesis fijas. Identificar las principales causas de contaminación de prótesis fijas en fabricación, dentro del laboratorio dental en la CURN, para brindar recomendaciones en medidas de control, a aplicarse al elaborar prótesis. Estudio descriptivo observacional, Población y muestra: Coronas ceramometálicas realizadas en el laboratorio de mecánica dental de la CURN en el periodo de estudio. Se evidencia que las principales causas de contaminación son por partículas de agentes contaminantes en suspensión en el aire, residuos de piedras de repasado o arenas de limpieza y contaminación superficial por agentes biológicos. La contaminación se presenta básicamente por falta de herramientas de control en el ambiente de trabajo, falta de independencia en las áreas y falta de observación en protocolos de fabricación. Independencia en áreas de trabajo, instrumentos de uso único para cada etapa de la construcción de la aparatología protésica, aplicación de normas de bioseguridad según labor.
Pobreza, desigualdad y tasa de suicidio en Colombia, 2012
Authors: Campo-Arias Adalberto , Herazo Edwin
Published: June 2016

El suicidio es un tema complejo de importancia en salud pública relacionado con múltiples determinantes. Sin embargo, se ha brindado menor atención a los determinantes sociales distales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la correlación entre pobreza y desigualdad y la tasa de suicidio en Colombia durante el 2012. Se diseñó un estudio ecológico en el que se cuantificó la correlación entre los porcentajes de pobreza, el coeficiente de Gini (desigualdad) y las tasas de suicidio en los departamentos colombianos. Se contó la información de 23 departamentos y el Distrito Capital; los porcentajes de pobreza se observaron 11,6 y 68,0% (M=40,7; SD=14,2), los coeficientes de Gini entre 0,452 y 0,616 (M=0,511; SD=0,037); y las tasas de suicidio entre 1,52 y 7,59 (M=3,99; SD=1,5). La correlación entre pobreza (r=-0,401; p=0,052) y coeficiente de Gini y (r=-0,086; p=0,689) y la tasa de suicidio fueron no significativas. Se concluye que la tasa de suicidio en los departamentos colombianos durante 2012 fue independiente los porcentajes de pobreza y el coeficiente de Gini para desigualdad. Se necesitan más investigación de los determinantes sociales de las tasas de suicidio.
Enhanced lipid extraction from microalgae in biodiesel production
Authors: Kim Myung-Gyun , Hwang Hyun-Wook , Nzioka Antony , Kim Young-Ju
Published: June 2016

In order to secure more effective lipid extraction method, this research investigated new lipid extraction method using laser with absorbent and sought its optimum operation control. In addition, this study compared lipid extraction efficiency and FAME conversion rate between laser extraction method at optimum condition and existing extraction method. Results from experiments for optimizing lipid extraction method using laser showed that the maximum extraction efficiency (81.8%) was attained when using laser with an output capacity of 75Wh/L. Extraction efficiency increased up to 90.8% when microwave treatment as pretreatment process was conducted. Addition of absorbents during lipid extraction process with laser showed higher extraction efficiency than laser and chemical method. It was also found that laser extraction method with absorbent had higher total fatty acid content (853.7 mg/g oil) in extracted lipid than chemical extraction method (825.4 mg/g oil). Furthermore, it had the highest FAME conversion rate (94.2%).
Total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-midterm results
Authors: Blagojevic Zoran , Gluscevic Boris , Djordjevic Boban
Published: June 2016

Background/Aim. Total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is an effective method of eliminating pain and improving functional status, but it is associated with a number of unique challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of total knee arthroplasty, as well as patient satisfaction, in this series of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods. Between January 2001 and 2012, 108 total knee arthroplasties in 78 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were performed, utilizing a posteriorstabilized prostheses. The average age of the patients was 58 ? 12.4 years, and 88% were females. Median follow-up of patients was 80 months with interquartile range of 34 months (min-max: 36-132 months). Results. Average Knee Society score improved from preoperative 18 ? 11.4 to postoperative 83 ? 3.5, and Functional Knee Society score from 21 ? 9.9 to 50 ? 5.9. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis (WOMAC) knee injury and osteopaedic outcome scores improved from 23 ? 6.4 to 69 ? 4.6 postoperatively. In 25 (23.14%) knees radiolucent lines of less than 2 mm were found and they were not progressive. Survival rate excluding deep infection was 99.1%. Conclusion. Total knee arthroplasty is an effective procedure of treatment of damaged knee joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The role of three-phase 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee
Authors: Pucar Dragan , Jankovic Zoran , Bascarevic Zoran , Starcevic Srdjan , Cizmic Milica , Radulovic Marija
Published: June 2016

Background/Aim. In the last five decades primary hip and knee arthroplasty is the most common and effective surgical intervention worldwide. Infection, although unfrequented, is the most serious complication. Nuclear medicine imaging, not affected by metallic hardware, is the current imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of suspected joint replacement infection. The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of three phase 99m technetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy in periprosthetic hip and knee joint infection. Methods. Inclusion criteria of patients in the study were suspected knee or hip periprosthetic joint infections. In this study, we examined 45 patients (14 men and 31 women) with 39 hip and 24 knee prosthesis (total 63). In all patients, three-phase bone scintigraphy was performed after intravenous application of 555 MBq of 99mTc-MDP. The final confirmation of infection was microbiological or pathohistology finding. Results. Infection was confirmed in 29 prosthetic joints, in 13 (44.8%) knee and 16 (55.2%) hip joints while there was no infection in 34 prosthetic joints. The connection of different modalities of negative and positive findings 99mTc-MDP three-phase bone scintigraphy with the final confirmation of infection showed a high statistical significance (p < 0.001). Three phase bone scintigraphy showed a high sensitivity of 90% but a modest specificity of 69.7% in the detection of periprosthetic infection with the diagnostic accuracy of 79%. The calculated positive predictive value was 73% but the negative predictive value was high 89%. Our results of three-phase bone scintigraphy with calculated sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 79% are in consent with the majority of published studies, or even slightly better. Conclusion. Bone scintigraphy is sensitive in the diagnosis of periprosthetic infection but insufficiently specific. In the detection of periprosthetic infections three-phase bone scan can be used as a diagnostic method of the first line only aimed at its exclusion. The only reasonable use of bone scintigraphy is in combination with other radionuclide methods with high specificity.
Should Restrictions Be Relaxed for Metformin Use in Chronic Kidney Disease? Yes, They Should Be Relaxed! What’s the Fuss?
Authors: Bakris George L. , Molitch Mark E.
Published: June 2016

Metformin is and has been considered as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes for over a quarter of a century. Like other biguanides, metformin can cause a lactic acidosis that is exceptionally rare but fatal. The likelihood of metformin-associated lactic acidosis is substantially higher in patients with kidney impairment and also among those with seemingly normal kidney function who are at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Hence, regulatory agencies in many industrialized nations have maintained strict renal restrictions surrounding metformin. However, there have been millions of people exposed to metformin for many years, many of them with serum creatinine values at or close to 1.5 mg/dL with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) much below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who have not developed lactic acidosis. Thus, there clearly remains controversy in this area, and there has been heightened pressure to remove the renal restrictions of metformin. To provide a discussion on the pros and cons of relaxing the renal restrictions for metformin use, we provide a Point-Counterpoint. In the preceding point narrative, Drs. Kalantar-Zadeh and Kovesdy provide their argument that although there is little evidence of the potential benefits of metformin in kidney disease, just considering the sheer numbers of metformin users and the high fatality rate of its associated lactic acidosis, the most appropriate practice is to avoid metformin use in people with eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 or in those who are at high risk of AKI irrespective of underlying eGFR. In the counterpoint narrative below, Drs. Bakris and Molitch argue that the data from a very large analysis demonstrate clearly that serum creatinine should be supplanted with eGFR as the criteria for metformin use and that the incidence of lactic acidosis is only elevated in those with a reduced eGFR who become dehydrated for various reasons or in those exposed to some toxin resulting in AKI. Otherwise the data clearly support the use of metformin under normal circumstances down to eGFR >30 mL/min/1.73 m2.

—William T. Cefalu

Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Book Review: Tourism in Pokhara Issues, Trends and Future Prospects and Prosperity
Authors: Barmashkha Shanti
Published: June 2016

Editors: Bishnu Raj Upreti, Pranil Kumar Upadhayaya and Tikaram SapkotaThe Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Vol.5 2013 pp.83-90
Disaster Management and Post-quake Impact on Tourism in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Him Lal
Published: June 2016

Tourism, a large and unique collection of industry sectors is an expanding worldwide phenomenon. By the next century, tourism will be the single largest industry in the world with special needs in disaster planning and recovery. Tourism is vulnerable sector that has been experiencing major crises from disasters. No tourist destination is immune to such crises. Nepal is one of the world’s 20 most disaster-prone countries where earthquakes are unique challenges for tourism. Nepal has to be very optimistic about the future of tourism as it has huge potentials to be the top class tourist destinations. Nepal should target to the global tourism market and take serious efforts to convince foreigners to visit Nepal and revive immediately. The Nepali tourism industry requires a strategy that will help manage crises and rapidly implement recovery strategies.The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Vol.7 2015 pp.37-57
Book Review: Restoring Tourism Destination in Crisis
Authors: Bhattarai Drishti
Published: June 2016

Author: David BeirmanThe Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Vol.7 2015 pp.116-127
Ringvergleich: Bestimmung des Elastizitätsmoduls nach verschiedenen Prüfverfahren*
Authors: Schwenk D. , Magin W. , Repp I.
Published: June 2016

Kurzfassung

In einem Ringvergleich wurde der Elastizitätsmodul an Probenwerkstoffen aus Stahl, Messing und Aluminium mit verschiedenen Versuchsmethoden bestimmt (Zugversuch, Biegeversuch, Laserakustik, Krafteindringversuch, Schwingungsimpulsanregung, Resonanzmethode). Durch die Besetzung mit ungleicher Teilnehmerzahl wurde die statistische Auswertung über alle Werte und über die repräsentativen Gruppenwerte (alle Gruppen mit gleicher Wichtung) durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis zeigten sich signifikante Abweichungen, sowohl gruppenübergreifend wie auch innerhalb der Verfahrensgruppe.
Comparison of Alternative Peening Methods for the Improvement of Fatigue Properties of Case-Hardened Steel Parts
Authors: Epp J. , Zoch H.-W.
Published: June 2016

In this study, the methods of Water Jet Peening (WJP) and Laser Shock Peening (LSP) were compared to Shot Peening (SP) and investigated in terms of induced residual stresses (RS), microstructure, surface topography and fatigue properties for a case-hardened steel. Different modifications of the surface topography were observed for the different peening methods: after SP, a strong plastic deformation of the surface occurred while the LSP had only a minimal influence on surface topography. After WJP with very high pressure (4500 bar), microscopic damages can occur at the surface. SP leads to the highest compressive RS (up to −1650 MPa) with a maximal affected depth of about 170 μm. After WJP, maximum RS of about −1000 MPa with very low depth (50 μm) are present, while the LSP leads to very large affected depths (< 1 mm) and RS of about −1300 MPa. In terms of fatigue properties, the SP process shows the highest improvement compared to the heat treated state (+47 %) while the LSP and the WJP leads to an improvement of +15 % and +23 % respectively but with larger scatter.
Association between maternal genital mycoplasma colonization and histologic chorioamnionitis in preterm births
Authors: Stirling K.M. , Hussain N. , Sanders M.M. , Campbell W.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE: Genital mycoplasmas (GMs) can be associated with chorioamnionitis and preterm birth, but are viewed as commensal organisms with low virulence. We sought to determine if cervical GM colonization is associated with histologic chorioamnionitis independent of infection with other bacteria.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of patients who delivered preterm, had cervical cultures for GMs, and placental cultures for bacteria other than GM. GM positive patients were compared to GM negative patients. Histologic grading of placentas was compared between GM negative patients with negative placental cultures (Group 1), GM positive patients with negative placental cultures (Group 2), GM negative patients with positive placental cultures (Group 3) and GM positive patients with positive placental cultures (Group 4).

RESULTS: GM positive patients were less likely than GM negative patients to have placental cultures positive for other bacteria (39% versus 47%, P = 0.0071). Group 2 had higher rates of membrane inflammation compared to Group 1 ( p = 0.0079), and no significant difference in rates of membrane inflammation compared to Groups 3 or 4 ( p = 0.36, p = 0.18). GM positivity was independently associated with increased membrane inflammation and decreased inflammation in the chorionic plate.

CONCLUSIONS: GM colonization is associated decreased inflammation of the chorionic plate, and increased inflammation of the membranes.
Therapeutic hypothermia for infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: A five years’ single center experience in Kuwait
Authors: Elbahtiti A. , Aly N. Yehia , Abo-Lila R. , Al-Sawan R.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effect of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on brain MRI findings, neurological outcome, and mortality in patients with perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and compare between two modalities of TH: whole body cooling (WBC) and selective head cooling (SHC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-two inborn babies with HIE admitted to the NICU of a Kuwaiti teaching hospital between 2006 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (2006–2008, n = 30) never received hypothermia, and group 2 (2009–2013, n = 32) treated with hypothermia. Group 2 patients were chronologically divided into two subgroups: 2a, the SHC, (2009–2010, n = 15) and 2b, the WBC, (2011–2013, n = 17). Brain MRI taken 7–10 days after birth, neurological status and mortality at time of hospital discharge were evaluated.

RESULTS: Patients who received TH showed significantly fewer MRI hypoxic changes ( P = 0.04) and had better neurological outcome. Their need for anticonvulsants diminished ( P = 0.04). However, their need for inotropes and duration of mechanical ventilation were increased ( P = 0.001 & 0.02 respectively). No significant difference in mortality was found between the two groups ( P = 0.6). In regression analysis, only MRI hypoxic changes predicted the occurrence of neurological abnormalities ( P = 0.001). No difference in brain MRI findings, neurological outcome and mortality was observed between subgroups 2a and 2b (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: TH improved the neurological outcome of HIE patients but had no effect on mortality. There was no difference between the two modalities of TH on patients’ outcome.
Perinatal outcome comparing triplets and singleton births at a reference maternity hospital
Authors: Rodrigues M. Andrade , Nassar de Carvalho P. , Gomes Júnior S. , Martins F. Freitas , Maria de A. Lopes J.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate adverse perinatal outcome in a group of high order pregnancies pared with singletons by BW and GA at birth.

METHODS: Data was reviewed for all admissions of triplets and quadruplets in a 7 year period. For each study neonate we selected two singleton infants to constitute a control group. Variables analyzed included: respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity and periventricular leukomalacia.

RESULTS: We studied a total of 128 multiple and 260 singleton infants. Mean gestational age and birth weight were similar in both groups (31.3 ± 2,5 wks e 31.5 ± 2,8 wks; 1470 ± 461 g vs 1495 ± 540 g). There was no significant difference between the groups in the majority of main morbidities. The incidence of NEC was higher in triplets (6.3 vs 0.8%, p value <0.01). Mortality was higher in singletons (9.6 vs 3.1%, p value <0.037).

CONCLUSIONS: Results show that major neonatal outcomes are very similar between multiples and singletons births when paired by gestational age and birth weight. NEC remained a significant morbidity in infants born from multiple gestations after adjustment for maternal and neonatal risk factors.
Joint Antenna Selection and Beamforming Algorithms for Physical Layer Multicasting with Massive Antennas
Authors: Wang Xinhua , Sheng Jinlu
Published: June 2016

We investigate the problem of minimizing the total power consumption under the constraint of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement for the physical layer multicasting system with large-scale antenna arrays. In contrast with existing work, we explicitly consider both the transmit power and the circuit power scaling with the number of antennas. The joint antenna selection and beamforming technique is proposed to minimize the total power consumption. The problem is a challenging one, which aims to minimize the linear combination of ℓ 0 -norm and ℓ 2 -norm. To our best knowledge, this minimization problem has not yet been well solved. A random decremental antenna selection algorithm is designed, which is further modified by an approximation of the minimal transmit power based on the asymptotic orthogonality of the channels. Then, a more efficient decremental antenna selection algorithm is proposed based on minimizing the ℓ 0 norm. Performance results show that the ℓ 0 norm minimization algorithm greatly outperforms the random selection algorithm in terms of the total power consumption and the average run time.
The State of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Research
Authors: Muñoz-Bullón Fernando
Published: June 2016

Innovation is informed by the ability to see connections, spot opportunities, and take advantage of them.
In Winter Wheat, No-Till Increases Mycorrhizal Colonization thus Reducing the Need for Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Verzeaux Julien , Roger David , Lacoux Jérôme , Nivelle Elodie , Adam Clément , Habbib Hazzar , Hirel Bertrand , Dubois Frédéric , Tetu Thierry
Published: June 2016

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a major role in the uptake of nutrients by agricultural plants. Nevertheless, some agricultural practices can interrupt fungal-plant signaling and thus impede the establishment of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. A field experiment performed over a 5-year period demonstrated that both the absence of tillage and of nitrogen (N) fertilization improved AMF colonization of wheat roots. Moreover, under no-till conditions, N uptake and aboveground biomass production did not vary significantly between N-fertilized and N-unfertilized plots. In contrast, both N uptake and above ground biomass were much lower when N fertilizer was not added during conventional tillage. This finding strongly suggests that for wheat, no-till farming is a sustainable agricultural system that allows a gradual reduction in N fertilizer use by promoting AMF functionality and at the same time increasing N uptake.
Sub-Optimal Treatment of Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Song Tianyan , Duperthuy Marylise , Wai Sun
Published: June 2016

Bacterial biofilm is an emerging clinical problem recognized in the treatment of infectious diseases within the last two decades. The appearance of microbial biofilm in clinical settings is steadily increasing due to several reasons including the increased use of quality of life-improving artificial devices. In contrast to infections caused by planktonic bacteria that respond relatively well to standard antibiotic therapy, biofilm-forming bacteria tend to cause chronic infections whereby infections persist despite seemingly adequate antibiotic therapy. This review briefly describes the responses of biofilm matrix components and biofilm-associated bacteria towards sub-lethal concentrations of antimicrobial agents, which may include the generation of genetic and phenotypic variabilities. Clinical implications of bacterial biofilms in relation to antibiotic treatments are also discussed.
The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Green Tea Catechins on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers in Humans: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Lau Sarah , Georgousopoulou Ekavi , Kellett Jane , Thomas Jackson , McKune Andrew , Mellor Duane , Roach Paul , Naumovski Nenad
Published: June 2016

Green tea catechins (GTCs) are secondary plant metabolites that have been associated with health benefits in human trials. As such, they have the potential to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, results are not consistent. This systematic review of the published data assessed the putative effect of GTCs supplementation on anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical measures associated with CVD risk. It was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines exploring four major electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus). Studies were included if they were published in peer-reviewed journals in English from 1990 until October 2015, and were human double-blind randomized and placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). From 122,428 articles initially identified, after two levels of screening, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The review revealed consistent and significant (p ≤ 0.05) reductions in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and plasma lipids; however, this effect would have been less if between-group effects had been considered. The current evidence base also has considerable methodological limitations due to suboptimal statistical methods used in data analyses. Future research efforts must aim to rectify this paucity of evidence with well-designed and well-reported prospective studies.
Effect of Deep Drying and Torrefaction Temperature on Proximate, Ultimate Composition, and Heating Value of 2-mm Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) Grind
Authors: Tumuluru Jaya
Published: June 2016

Deep drying and torrefaction compose a thermal pretreatment method where biomass is heated in the temperature range of 150–300 °C in an inert or reduced environment. The process parameters, like torrefaction temperature and residence time, have a significant impact on the proximate, ultimate, and energy properties. In this study, torrefaction experiments were conducted on 2-mm ground lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Both deep drying and torrefaction temperature (160–270 °C) and time (15–120 min) were selected. Torrefied samples were analyzed for the proximate, ultimate, and higher heating value. The results indicate that moisture content decreases with increases in torrefaction temperature and time, where at 270 °C and 120 min, the moisture content is found to be 1.15% (w.b.). Volatile content in the lodgepole pine decreased from about 80% to about 45%, and ash content increased from 0.77% to about 1.91% at 270 °C and 120 min. The hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur content decreased to 3%, 28.24%, and 0.01%, whereas the carbon content and higher heating value increased to 68.86% and 23.67 MJ/kg at 270 °C and 120 min. Elemental ratio of hydrogen to carbon and oxygen to carbon (H/C and O/C) calculated at 270 °C and a 120-min residence time were about 0.56 and 0.47. Based on this study, it can be concluded that higher torrefaction temperatures ≥230 °C and residence time ≥15 min influence the proximate, ultimate, and energy properties of ground lodgepole pine.
Photocatalytic Removal of Microbiological Consortium and Organic Matter in Greywater
Authors: Birben Nazmiye , Uyguner-Demirel Ceyda , Bekbolet Miray
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to investigate TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of synthetically-prepared greywater samples with differing compositional contents of organic matter (OM), anion concentration, and microbiological consortium. Treatment efficiency was followed through removal of organic matter content in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), specific spectroscopic parameters, and bacterial inactivation. Photocatalytic degradation kinetics were expressed by pseudo first-order kinetic modeling. The best DOC removal rates were attained for greywater samples containing OM with lower molecular size fractions. In addition, either enhancing or reducing the effect of common anions as radical scavengers were observed depending on the composition and concentration of variables in the greywater matrix. Moreover, possibility of a photocatalytic disinfection process was found to be of a bacteria type specific in OM-loaded synthetic greywater samples. Photocatalytic destruction of fecal streptococci required longer irradiation periods under all conditions. Bacterial removal rates were found to be in the order of total coliform > fecal coliform > fecal streptococci, for low organic load greywater, and fecal coliform > total coliform > fecal streptococci, for high organic load greywater.
An Overview of Trials´Accreditation and Recognition of Brazilian Tests Used for the Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Products
Authors: Dos Santos Almeida Luciana
Published: June 2016

For some time, Brazil has been appointed as one of the greatest consumers of cosmetic products in the world. Although cosmetics may seem harmless, destined exclusively to enhance personal appearance or to clean and protect the skin, hair and nails, new studies and events are highlighting the need to evaluate the safety of such products. The present work interrelated the lifecycle of a cosmetic product with the safety trials and tests applicable to some cycle phases. From this information, a survey was made of accredited Conformity Assessment Bodies (CAB) and test facilities recognized by the General Coordination for Accreditation (CGCRE) which are competent respectively to carry out safety trials and tests of cosmetics. Twenty five competent laboratories were identified to carry out chemical and/or biological trials of cosmetics, according to the legislation ABNT ISO IEC 17025:2005, and 10 test facilities recognized by the Compliance Monitoring Program that can carry out tests of the development of a product for register purposes, aiming at human health and safety. It is interesting to notice that Brazil has accredited laboratories to carry out trials that are critical for the health of the population, such as the levels of heavy metals and the presence of pathogens. On the other hand, CGCRE does not have a program to recognize safety clinical trials. The importance of this kind of study is understood, considering the world history of adverse reactions and the great consumption of cosmetics in the country.
Control of Cellular Arrangement by Surface Topography Induced by Plastic Deformation
Authors: Matsugaki Aira , Nakano Takayoshi
Published: June 2016

The anisotropic microstructure of bone tissue is crucial for appropriate mechanical and biological functions of bone. We recently revealed that the construction of oriented bone matrix is established by osteoblast alignment; there is a quite unique correlation between cell alignment and cell-produced bone matrix orientation governed by the molecular interactions between material surface and cells. Titanium and its alloys are one of the most attractive materials for biomedical applications. We previously succeeded in controlling cellular arrangement using the dislocations of a crystallographic slip system in titanium single crystals with hexagonal close-packing (hcp) crystal lattice. Here, we induced a specific surface topography by deformation twinning and dislocation motion to control cell orientation. Dislocation and deformation twinning were introduced into α-titanium polycrystals in compression, inducing a characteristic surface structure involving nanometer-scale highly concentrated twinning traces. The plastic deformation-induced surface topography strongly influenced osteoblast orientation, causing them to align preferentially along the slip and twinning traces. This surface morphology, exhibiting a characteristic grating structure, controlled the localization of focal adhesions and subsequent elongation of stress fibers in osteoblasts. These results indicate that cellular responses against dislocation and deformation twinning are useful for controlling osteoblast alignment and the resulting bone matrix anisotropy.
Evaluating Eigenvector Spatial Filter Corrections for Omitted Georeferenced Variables
Authors: Griffith Daniel , Chun Yongwan
Published: June 2016

The Ramsey regression equation specification error test (RESET) furnishes a diagnostic for omitted variables in a linear regression model specification (i.e., the null hypothesis is no omitted variables). Integer powers of fitted values from a regression analysis are introduced as additional covariates in a second regression analysis. The former regression model can be considered restricted, whereas the latter model can be considered unrestricted; this first model is nested within this second model. A RESET significance test is conducted with an F-test using the error sums of squares and the degrees of freedom for the two models. For georeferenced data, eigenvectors can be extracted from a modified spatial weights matrix, and included in a linear regression model specification to account for the presence of nonzero spatial autocorrelation. The intuition underlying this methodology is that these synthetic variates function as surrogates for omitted variables. Accordingly, a restricted regression model without eigenvectors should indicate an omitted variables problem, whereas an unrestricted regression model with eigenvectors should result in a failure to reject the RESET null hypothesis. This paper furnishes eleven empirical examples, covering a wide range of spatial attribute data types, that illustrate the effectiveness of eigenvector spatial filtering in addressing the omitted variables problem for georeferenced data as measured by the RESET.