bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of alkylation on the micro-solvation of ethers revealed by highly localized water librational motion
Authors: Mihrin D. , Voute A. , Jakobsen P. W. , Feilberg K. L. , Wugt Larsen R.
Published: February 2022

The specific far-infrared spectral signatures associated with highly localized large-amplitude out-of-plane librational motion of water molecules have recently been demonstrated to provide sensitive spectroscopic probes for the micro-solvation of organic molecules [Mihrin et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 21(4), 1717 (2019)]. The present work employs this direct far-infrared spectroscopic approach to investigate the non-covalent intermolecular forces involved in the micro-solvation of a selection of seven ether molecules with systematically varied alkyl substituents: dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether, and t-butyl ethyl ether. The ranking of the observed out-of-plane water librational band signatures for this selected series of ether–water complexes embedded in inert neon matrices at 4 K reveals information about the interplay of directional intermolecular hydrogen bond motifs and non-directional and long-range dispersion interactions for the micro-solvated structures. These far-infrared observables differentiate minor subtle effects introduced by specific alkyl substituents and serve as rigorous experimental benchmarks for modern quantum chemical methodologies of various levels of scalability, which often fail to accurately predict the structural variations and corresponding vibrational signatures of the closely related systems. The accurate interaction energies of the series of ether–water complexes have been predicted by the domain based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster theory with single-, double-, and perturbative triple excitations, followed by a local energy decomposition analysis of the energy components. In some cases, the secondary dispersion forces are in direct competition with the primary intermolecular hydrogen bonds as witnessed by the specific out-of-plane librational signatures.
On the deformation and failure mechanisms of hydrogen alloyed metallic glasses
Authors: Teng Y. , Song Y. , Xie S. J. , Sha Z. D.
Published: February 2022

While microalloying of metallic glasses (MGs) using hydrogen emerged a few years ago, the underlying mechanism of how hydrogen microalloying influences mechanical behaviors is currently still under debate. Herein, we perform atomistic simulations to investigate the effect of hydrogen microalloying on the mechanical profiles of MGs. The mitigation of strain localization accompanied with plenty of shear transformation zones (STZs) is exhibited in H-alloyed MGs and becomes more significant with the increase of H content. The addition of hydrogen induces a loose atomic structure with fertile liquid-like regions and abundant free volume, which triggers more STZ events and the softening behavior. Furthermore, hydrogen doping lowers the STZ activation energy barrier, which is verified by a theoretical model based on the concept of energetic criterion. Our work provides some new insight on how to tune the local packing of MGs and further alter the deformation behavior.
Spin-glass behavior and magnetocaloric properties of high-entropy perovskite oxides
Authors: Yin Yinong , Shi Fanfan , Liu Guo-Qiang , Tan Xiaojian , Jiang Jun , Tiwari Ashutosh , Li Baohe
Published: February 2022

The high-entropy concept has been recently proposed to be a promising paradigm to enhance the magnetocaloric properties of materials. Motivated by this, the magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric performance of two high-entropy perovskites (Dy1/4Ho1/4Er1/4Tb1/4)FeO3 and (Gd1/5Dy1/5Ho1/5Er1/5Tb1/5)FeO3 have been investigated. The magnetic measurements indicate that a spin-glass phase occurs at low temperatures in the high-entropy compounds, which is induced by the strong compositional disorder of rare-earth sublattice. The glassy state can lead to a sluggish magnetic transition and consequently a potential improvement in the magnetocaloric performance. Due to the increase in configurational entropy, large refrigerant capacity of 247 and 203 J/kg for a magnetic field change of 70 kOe is obtained in the (Gd1/5Dy1/5Ho1/5Er1/5Tb1/5)FeO3 and (Dy1/4Ho1/4Er1/4Tb1/4)FeO3 compounds, respectively. Our findings highlight the availability of spin order control through tuning the configurational entropy and demonstrate the key role of high-entropy design in enhancing the magnetocaloric properties of materials.
Joule-heating induced phase transition in 1T-TaS2 near room temperature probed by thermal imaging of power dissipation
Authors: Jarach Yaron , Rodes Lior , Ber Emanuel , Yalon Eilam , Kanigel Amit
Published: February 2022

Electrically induced phase transition in 1T-TaS2 at room temperature has various applications, including efficient oscillators and broadband photodetectors. However, the physical mechanism behind the electrically induced phase transition is still not clear due to the lack of direct temperature measurements during the transition. To shed light on this problem, in this Letter, we directly image the spatially resolved temperature of a 1T-TaS2 device by IR thermal microscopy. Combining this method with pulsed electrical transport measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and a simple resistor network model, we show that the transition is a result of Joule-heating. More broadly, we show that thermal imaging is important to determine the power dissipation in electronic devices due to the inhomogeneous nature of the temperature distribution.
Gate-geometry dependence of electrical characteristics of p-GaN gate HEMTs
Authors: Lee Ethan S. , Joh Jungwoo , Lee Dong Seup , del Alamo Jesús A.
Published: February 2022

In this Letter, we experimentally investigate the impact of gate geometry on forward operation of Schottky-gate p-GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). In particular, we analyze devices with changing gate-metal/p-GaN junction area and p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure area in the linear regime. These devices exhibit unique threshold voltage and subthreshold swing scaling dependence with gate geometry that is in contrast with classic field-effect transistors. On the other hand, peak transconductance and ON resistance are found to scale classically. We find that these results arise from the fact that with a Schottky contact to the p-GaN layer, under steady-state conditions, the p-GaN layer voltage is set by current continuity across the gate stack. Furthermore, a detailed scaling study of the gate current reveals that current flow across the p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure is not uniform—instead, it preferentially flows through the ungated portion of the p-GaN layer. Our study concludes that in Schottky-type p-GaN gate HEMTs, the respective areas of two junctions constitute an additional design degree of freedom to fine-tune device performance.
Comparison of dynamic corrections to the quasistatic polarizability and optical properties of small spheroidal particles
Authors: Majić Matt R. A. , Auguié Baptiste , Le Ru Eric C.
Published: February 2022

The optical properties of small spheroidal metallic nanoparticles can be simply studied within the quasistatic/electrostatic approximation, but this is limited to particles much smaller than the wavelength. A number of approaches have been proposed to extend the range of validity of this simple approximation to a range of sizes more relevant to applications in plasmonics, where resonances play a key role. The most common approach, called the modified long-wavelength approximation, is based on physical considerations of the dynamic depolarization field inside the spheroid, but alternative empirical expressions have also been proposed, presenting better accuracy. Recently, an exact Taylor expansion of the full electromagnetic solution has been derived [Majic et al., Phys. Rev. A 99, 013853 (2019)], which should arguably provide the best approximation for a given order. We here compare the merits of these approximations to predict orientation-averaged extinction/scattering/absorption spectra of metallic spheroidal nanoparticles. The Taylor expansion is shown to provide more accurate predictions over a wider range of parameters (aspect ratio and prolate/oblate shape). It also allows us to consider quadrupole and octupole resonances. This simple approximation can therefore be used for small and intermediate-size nanoparticles in situations where computing the full electromagnetic solution is not practical.
A one-pot synthesis of oligo(arylene–ethynylene)-molecular wires and their use in the further verification of molecular circuit laws
Authors: Naher Masnun , Gorenskaia Elena , Moggach Stephen A. , Becker Thomas , Nichols Richard J. , Lambert Colin J. , Low Paul J.
Published: February 2022

A convenient two-step, one-pot synthesis of oligo(arylene–ethynylene) (OAE) type molecular wires in yields of up to 70% via in situ desilylation of protected bis(alkynes) Me3SiC≡CArC≡CSiMe3 (Ar = 2,5-thienyl, 1,4-naphthylene, 9,10-anthrylene) and subsequent Sonogashira cross-coupling with S-(4-iodophenyl) ethanethiolate, 4-iodothioanisole, or 5-bromo-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene is described. The in situ desilylation avoids the manipulation of the sensitive terminal dialkynes (HC≡CArC≡CH), whilst the general approach presented has some advantages over alternative synthetic strategies based on coupling of aryl dihalides (XArX) by avoiding the multi-step preparation and purification of the terminal alkynes S-(4-ethynylphenyl) ethanethiolate, 4-ethynylthioanisole and 5-ethynyl 3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene. The molecular conductance of the resulting thiolate or thioether functionalised OAE molecular wires has been determined using scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) methods. The trends in molecular conductance do not track simply with the degree of aromaticity of the molecular core despite the rather similar molecular lengths. Rather, the STM-BJ data are better correlated with the nature of the anchor group, highlighting the important role of electrode–molecule coupling on electron transport in a molecular junction. The experimental conductance data are in good agreement with recently described quantum circuit rules, further highlighting the potential for these relationships to be used as predictive tools in molecular electronics research.
Trigonella foenum-graecum morphophysiological and phytochemical processes controlling iron uptake and translocation
Authors: Mnafgui Wiem , Rizzo Valeria , Muratore Giuseppe , Hajlaoui Hichem , Schinoff Bianca de Oliveira , Mnafgui Kais , Elleuch Amine
Published: February 2022

Context Iron (Fe) is considered as a major cause of rural Tunisian soil contamination. Developing strategies for the cultivation of accumulator plants with permissible iron (Fe) concentrations is an urgent challenge. Aims In this study, the effects of FeSO4 concentration (0, 50, 500 and 1000 mg L−1) on fenugreek morpho-biochemical parameters were investigated. Methods The use of fenugreek as a phytoremediation strategy to control not only the uptake of Fe but also its safe consumption after treatments was evaluated. Key results Results showed that elevated Fe concentrations did not affect the germination rate, but, rather, decreased the radicle length and amylase activity. The elemental analysis showed that Fe uptake was higher in shoots than in roots, but lower in harvested seeds. The translocation factor was higher than 1, suggesting a safe use of fenugreek as an accumulator. Moreover, the increase in Fe concentrations reduced the chlorophyll content and enhanced the production of lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide dismutase more frequently on fenugreek shoots than on their roots. In turn, the maximum concentrations of flavonoids and phenols were recorded under the Fe concentration of 50 mg L−1. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the gallic and syringic acids were the major phenols produced under Fe stress in shoots and that 50 mg L−1 of added Fe concentration induced their elevation. However, the quercetin was detected only in roots and was reduced under the increasing Fe concentrations. Conclusions These results showed that fenugreek is an accumulator plant with admissible concentrations of Fe accumulation, which deploys multiple mechanisms to adapt to Fe stress.
NOXA expression drives synthetic lethality to RUNX1 inhibition in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Doffo Josefina , Bamopoulos Stefanos A. , Köse Hazal , Orben Felix , Zang Chuanbing , Pons Miriam , den Dekker Alexander T. , Brouwer Rutger W. W. , Baluapuri Apoorva , Habringer Stefan , Reichert Maximillian , Illendula Anuradha , Krämer Oliver H. , Schick Markus , Wolf Elmar , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Esposito Irene , Keller Ulrich , Schneider Günter , Wirth Matthias
Published: February 2022

Significance

Recent evidence demonstrated the existence of molecular subtypes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which resist all current therapies. The paucity of therapeutic options, including a complete lack of targeted therapies, underscores the urgent and unmet medical need for the identification of targets and novel treatment strategies for PDAC. Our study unravels a function of the transcription factor RUNX1 in apoptosis regulation in PDAC. We show that pharmacological RUNX1 inhibition in PDAC is feasible and leads to NOXA-dependent apoptosis. The development of targeted therapies that influence the transcriptional landscape of PDAC might have great benefits for patients who are resistant to conventional therapies. RUNX1 inhibition as a new therapeutic intervention offers an attractive strategy for future therapies.
Intranuclear HSV-1 DNA ejection induces major mechanical transformations suggesting mechanoprotection of nucleus integrity
Authors: Evilevitch Alex , Hohlbauch Sophia V.
Published: February 2022

Significance

We discovered major mechanical transformations in both chromatin and nuclear lamina at the initial stage of herpesvirus replication. We found that chromatin stiffness is dramatically increased, while nuclear laminar rigidity is decreased, immediately after viruses eject their genomes into a host cell nucleus. A stiffness increase in chromatin mechanics suggests a viral DNA–induced chromatin compaction, helping to maintain nuclear morphology. The observed softening of the nuclear lamina, on the other hand, provides mechanoprotection of the nuclear envelope since lamina act as an internal shock absorber for mechanical deformations. These transitions lead to a robust mechanical response aimed at maintaining nuclear integrity; this mechanism could facilitate viral genome replication. This is an observation of mechanoadaptation in cells utilized by herpesviruses.
Dephosphorylation accelerates the dissociation of ZAP70 from the T cell receptor
Authors: Goyette Jesse , Depoil David , Yang Zhengmin , Isaacson Samuel A. , Allard Jun , van der Merwe P. Anton , Gaus Katharina , Dustin Michael L. , Dushek Omer
Published: February 2022

Significance

Src homology 2 (SH2) domains are phosphotyrosine binding motifs that play key roles in cellular signaling. There are 110 proteins in the human genome containing SH2 binding domains, of which 10 contain tandem SH2 domains. Tandem domains have been shown to improve avidity and specificity and contribute to allostery. Here, we show that tandem SH2 domains can also exhibit binding lifetimes that are accelerated by the activity of phosphatases. This accelerated unbinding requires tandem SH2 domains to engage their substrates in dynamic binding modes that cycle between single SH2-bound states. We experimentally confirm that this is the case for the well-studied kinase ZAP70 binding the T cell receptor. We suggest that accelerated unbinding is a general feature of signaling networks.
In vivo real-time imaging reveals megalin as the aminoglycoside gentamicin transporter into cochlea whose inhibition is otoprotective
Authors: Kim Jinkyung , Ricci Anthony J.
Published: February 2022

Aminoglycosides (AGs) are commonly used antibiotics that cause deafness through the irreversible loss of cochlear sensory hair cells (HCs). How AGs enter the cochlea and then target HCs remains unresolved. Here, we performed time-lapse multicellular imaging of cochlea in live adult hearing mice via a chemo-mechanical cochleostomy. The in vivo tracking revealed that systemically administered Texas Red–labeled gentamicin (GTTR) enters the cochlea via the stria vascularis and then HCs selectively. GTTR uptake into HCs was completely abolished in transmembrane channel-like protein 1 (TMC1) knockout mice, indicating mechanotransducer channel-dependent AG uptake. Blockage of megalin, the candidate AG transporter in the stria vascularis, by binding competitor cilastatin prevented GTTR accumulation in HCs. Furthermore, cilastatin treatment markedly reduced AG-induced HC degeneration and hearing loss in vivo. Together, our in vivo real-time tracking of megalin-dependent AG transport across the blood–labyrinth barrier identifies new therapeutic targets for preventing AG-induced ototoxicity.
Compartmentalized citrullination in Muller glial endfeet during retinal degeneration
Authors: Palko Sarah I. , Saba Nicholas J. , Mullane Elias , Nicholas Benjamin D. , Nagasaka Yosuke , Ambati Jayakrishna , Gelfand Bradley D. , Ishigami Akihito , Bargagna-Mohan Paola , Mohan Royce
Published: February 2022

Muller glia (MG) play a central role in reactive gliosis, a stress response associated with rare and common retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The posttranslational modification citrullination​ targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in MG was initially discovered in a panocular chemical injury model. Here, we report in the paradigms of retinal laser injury, a genetic model of spontaneous retinal degeneration (JR5558 mice) and human wet-AMD tissues that MG citrullination is broadly conserved. After laser injury, GFAP polymers that accumulate in reactive MG are citrullinated in MG endfeet and glial cell processes. The enzyme responsible for citrullination, peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4), localizes to endfeet and associates with GFAP polymers. Glial cell–specific PAD4 deficiency attenuates retinal hypercitrullination in injured retinas, indicating PAD4 requirement for MG citrullination. In retinas of 1-mo-old JR5558 mice, hypercitrullinated GFAP and PAD4 accumulate in MG endfeet/cell processes in a lesion-specific manner. Finally, we show that human donor maculae from patients with wet-AMD also feature the canonical endfeet localization of hypercitrullinated GFAP. Thus, we propose that endfeet are a “citrullination bunker” that initiates and sustains citrullination in retinal degeneration.
In search of subjective meaning in Swedish pseudocoordination
Authors: Blensenius Kristian , Lilja Peter Andersson
Published: February 2022

This study provides a discussion of the development of subjective meaning associated with the motion-verb pseudocoordination gå och V ‘go/walk and V’ and the posture-verb pseudocoordination sitta och V ‘sit and V’, using historical and present-day linguistic data. It is claimed that an interpretation in terms of item-based analogy and entrenchment of frequent meaning clusters is the most plausible analysis for the development of subjective (and pejorative) meaning associated with gå och V. The study of sitta och V is preliminary, but the results indicate that the subjective meaning of this construction is less entrenched that that of the gå och V construction and that the subjective overtone of subjectivity may be a result of the combination of the social/cultural meaning of the posture and certain intrinsically pejorative verbs, together with certain locatives.
Partial versus full agreement in Turkish possessive and clausal DP-Coordination
Authors: Tat Deniz , Kornfilt Jaklin
Published: February 2022

In Turkish nominal phrases and clauses where a coordinated possessor or subject is related to agreement morphology on the possessee or the nominalized predicate, respectively, agreement is realized either in full or in partial expression. The choice between the two is determined in certain cases by syntactic phenomena, suggesting that agreement must figure in syntax. However, partial possessor agreement appears to result from a relationship between the possessee or nominalized predicate, and the last conjunct only, hinting that it is also subject to linear locality conditions. We conclude that the agreement phenomenon in languages results from conditions that apply in syntax proper and from conditions that apply in a post-syntactic component separately, which can alter the output of syntax proper where applicable.
Syntax, semantics, and pragmatics of Pseudo-Coordination
Authors: Mitrović Moreno
Published: February 2022

There have been very few attempts to date to provide an explicit semantics/pragmatics for Pseudo-Coordination (PseCo) expressions. This chapter is an attempt to fill that gap, zooming in on the ‘go-(and-)get’-type. To do so, I first provide a syntactic account of PseCo, which derives from a standard coordination structure (which I label Junction), onto and from which a compositional semantic account is derived. The signature pragmatic properties of PseCo of negative-emotive factivity are also derived. Aside from providing the first systematic and cross-modular analysis of PseCo, the chapter also provides a number of new diagnostics for identifying and classifying PseCo expressions which may be useful in future work on the topic.
Sentence-final particles in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Paul Waltraud , Yan Shanshan
Published: February 2022

Sentence-final particles (SFPs) in Mandarin Chinese realize the heads of three projections in the rigidly
ordered head-final CP ‘Low CP < ForceP < AttitudeP’. Only the highest projection AttitudeP encodes
discourse-related properties, whereas ForceP encodes the sentence-type (interrogative, imperative). Low Cs interact
with properties of the TP-internal extended verbal projection and are obligatory when acting as (non-default) anchors.
They play an important role in determining the temporal interpretation and finiteness in Mandarin Chinese and can
therefore no longer be neglected by studies addressing these issues. There is no evidence for an “incremental”
acquisition “up the tree” of the different projections in the split CP nor for the acquisition of TP prior to CP, as
postulated by the cartographic approach.
What’s extravagant about be-sandal-ed feet?
Authors: Kempf Luise , Hartmann Stefan
Published: February 2022

Extravagance can be conceived of as a (more or less) deliberate deviation from established norms that evokes surprise or attention. In this paper, we present an empirical case study of a rare but quite remarkable morphological pattern, namely German pseudo-participles – forms that look like past participles but lack a verbal counterpart, e.g., be-brill-t ‘be-glassed’ (derived from the noun Brille ‘glasses’).

In our study, we investigate the extravagance of the pattern using data from the webcorpus DECOW16A. We combine a detailed qualitative analysis of singleton coinages with various explorative quantitative approaches, taking into account the complexity of the formations and their anchoring in the context. In addition, we examine metalinguistic indicators of extravagance such as double quotes and meta-comments. We argue that German pseudo-participles are a prime example of an “extravagant” phenomenon at the interface of morphology and pragmatics, and as such can be instructive for our understanding of extravagant morphology on a general level, especially with regard to the role of surprise in generating extravagant effects.
do not repeat
Authors: Kentner Gerrit
Published: February 2022

This chapter offers a synopsis of repetitive and reduplicative constructions in German, a set of diverse morphophonological types mostly found in substandard registers of the language. A phonological examination of these structures suggests that German strictly prohibits exact adjacent repetition of phonological material within lexical representations. I suggest this generalisation to be a grammatical requirement in the lexicon that holds across all levels of the phonological hierarchy, with only a few well-defined exceptions (abbreviations, loans, onomatopoeias, and ideophones). Reduplicative constructions are situated between the poles of marginal, sub-standard language use, apparent deviance from the concatenative ideal that otherwise pervades German morphology, and strict adherence to the lexical-phonological requirement regarding identity avoidance. In this respect, they are, as I argue, characteristic instances of extravagant morphology.
The gut–meningeal immune axis: Priming brain defense against the most likely invaders
Authors: Di Marco Barros Rafael , Fitzpatrick Zachary , Clatworthy Menna R.
Published: February 2022

The gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of microorganisms that exist symbiotically with the host due to a tolerant, regulatory cell–rich intestinal immune system. However, this intimate relationship with the microbiome inevitably comes with risks, with intestinal organisms being the most common cause of bacteremia. The vasculature of the brain-lining meninges contains fenestrated endothelium, conferring vulnerability to invasion by circulating microbes. We propose that this has evolutionarily led to close links between gut and meningeal immunity, to prime the central nervous system defense against the most likely invaders. This paradigm is exemplified by the dural venous sinus IgA defense system, where the antibody repertoire mirrors that of the gut.
Ytterbium doped ZnO nanolaminated planar waveguide for ring resonator applications
Authors: Agarwal Lucky , Sambasiva Rao K , Srivastava Anshika , Tripathi Shweta
Published: February 2022

In the present paper, optical and structural properties of Yb doped ZnO (YZO) are studied for different Yb molar concentrations. The YZO thin films are deposited over the silicon substrate via the sol-gel spin coating method. The range of Yb doping content (concentration) is 0 mol% to 1.5 mol% in ZnO. The morphological variations of the deposited thin film are studied using XRD, FE-SEM, atomic force microscopy, and Ellipsometer. The obtained results indicate that the YZO thin film possesses a single crystalline structure with (1 0 0) as the preferential orientation. All samples have a smooth, dense structure and are free of pinholes. A detailed optical result showed a favorable behavior of YZO thin film for integrated photonic devices. Hence, an optical ring resonator is simulated using MODE and FDTD tool of Lumerical to validate the experimental results. The eigen mode solver is incorporated in MODE (wavelength ranging from 300 to 800 nm) to compute refractive index, propagation constant, group velocity, losses, dispersion and transmission intensity. Furthermore, quality factor, free spectral range and fullwidth at half-maximum of the ring resonator are evaluated using FDTD.
Particle trapping, size-filtering, and focusing in the nonthermal plasma synthesis of sub-10 nanometer particles
Authors: Xiong Zichang , Lanham Steven , Husmann Eric , Nelson Gunnar , Eslamisaray Mohammad Ali , Polito Jordyn , Liu Yaling , Goree John , Thimsen Elijah , Kushner Mark J , Kortshagen Uwe R
Published: February 2022

Low-pressure nonthermal flowing plasmas are widely used for the gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles and quantum dots of materials that are difficult or impractical to synthesize using other techniques. To date, the impact of temporary electrostatic particle trapping in these plasmas has not been recognized, a process that may be leveraged to control particle properties. Here, we present experimental and computational evidence that, during their growth in the plasma, sub-10 nm silicon particles become temporarily confined in an electrostatic trap in radio-frequency excited plasmas until they grow to a size at which the increasing drag force imparted by the flowing gas entrains the particles, carrying them out of the trap. We demonstrate that this trapping enables the size filtering of the synthesized particles, leading to highly monodisperse particle sizes, as well as the electrostatic focusing of the particles onto the reactor centerline. Understanding of the mechanisms and utilization of such particle trapping will enable the design of plasma processes with improved size control and the ability to grow heterostructured nanoparticles.
Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing under time-varying speed conditions based on EfficientNetv2
Authors: Qu Haoyang , Yang Jianhua , Shen Mengen , Chen Huatao , Zhou Dengji
Published: February 2022

The rolling bearing is a widely-used component in engineering. The fault diagnosis of rolling bearings is key to ensuring the normal operation of equipment. At present, research into the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings mainly focuses on the analysis of vibration data under constant working conditions. However, when dealing with practical engineering problems, equipment frequently operates at variable speed. To analyse the vibration data in the case of frequency conversion and accurately extract the fault characteristic frequency is a challenge, especially when the fault characteristics are weak. In addition, traditional vibration characteristic analysis requires professional technicians to supervise the operation of the equipment, which requires a certain professional ability of the staff. Based on the above two problems, this paper proposes a rolling bearing fault diagnosis model under time-varying speed working conditions, based on the EfficientNetv2 network. This method uses a short-time Fourier transform to convert a one-dimensional vibration signal into a two-dimensional image signal, and uses the advantages of an image recognition network to realize the fault diagnosis under time-varying speed conditions. After training the network, based on transfer learning, the experimental data verify that the accuracy of the results reaches 99.9 ± 0.1%, even in the case of weak fault characteristics, and there is no need for professional technicians to supervise and diagnose once the model is trained, which is conducive to practical application.
Thermoelectric stability of dual-wall and conventional type K and N thermocouples
Authors: Tucker D J L , Edler F , Žužek V , Bojkovski J , Garcia-Izquierdo C , Parrondo M , Šindelářová L , Arifovic N
Published: February 2022

Mineral insulated metal sheathed (MIMS) base metal thermocouples experience thermoelectric drift over their lifetime caused by use at high temperatures and metallurgical changes, causing spurious measurement errors. CCPI Europe Limited and University of Cambridge have designed a MIMS thermocouple with an additional inner sheath, in order to protect the thermoelements from the effects that cause thermoelectric drift. The performance of these dual-wall thermocouples and conventional type N and type K thermocouples are assessed at six different National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) using two different testing regimes: isothermal testing at 1200 °C, and thermal cycling tests between 300 °C and 1150 °C. The investigation demonstrates that in both testing regimes, the type N dual-wall thermocouples showed a significantly reduced thermoelectric drift by about a factor of three compared to the conventional thermocouples. There was no significant difference between the type K dual-wall and conventional type K thermocouples in the isothermal tests, and the type K dual-wall thermocouples showed greater drift than the conventional thermocouples in the thermal cycling tests, but the conventional type K thermocouples were less robust than the dual-wall type K thermocouples. The results presented in this paper represent an impartial assessment of the thermoelectric stability of both dual-wall thermocouples and conventional thermocouples, which may provide assurance to potential users.
Teacher interventions and student strategies for circular motion problems: a matrix representation
Authors: Pendrill Ann-Marie
Published: February 2022

Students’ understanding of forces in circular motion is often incomplete. The problems are not limited to confusions about centripetal acceleration and centrifugal forces. This paper considers possible effects of different interventions by a teacher who has discovered the many types of free-body diagrams drawn by students for circular motion in a vertical plane. Students’ free-body diagrams often show a lack of attention to lengths of force arrows and to the direction and size of the sum of forces. The strategies used by students may differ depending on the situation and questioning by the teacher can remind students of critical aspects they have overlooked. The revisions of responses following interventions reveal information that is not available from just a single response. This paper discusses how a matrix can be used to express the probability for revisions of responses for different teacher interventions and also help teachers decide on future interventions.
Unified treatment for photoluminescence and scattering of coupled metallic nanostructures: I. Two-body system
Authors: Cheng Yuqing , Sun Mengtao
Published: February 2022

Photoluminescence (PL) and scattering phenomena from metallic nanostructures have been explained and understood by several point of views. One of them is based on the classic harmonic oscillator model, which describes PL of single mode. In this study, we continue to expand this classic model to a coupling case, which involves two oscillators that interact with each other together with the excitation electric field. The new generated modes due to the coupling are carefully analyzed, including their behaviors varying with the coupling coefficients in different cases. Furthermore, for practical purpose, PL spectra and white light scattering spectra of two individual metallic nanostructures are calculated as examples employing the model to verify its validity. This work would give a deeper understanding on coupling PL and scattering phenomena and is helpful to relative applications.
Linear seesaw model with T
7 symmetry for neutrino mass and mixing
Authors: Vien V. V.
Published: February 2022

We propose a low-scale Standard Model extension with

symmetry that can successfully explain observed neutrino oscillation results within the

range. Small neutrino masses are obtained via the linear seesaw mechanism. Normal and inverted neutrino mass orderings are considered with three lepton mixing angles in their experimentally allowed

ranges. The model provides a suitable correlation between the solar and reactor neutrino mixing angles, which is consistent with the

pattern. The prediction for the Dirac phase is

for both normal and inverted orderings, including its experimentally maximum value, while those for the two Majorana phases are

for normal ordering and

for inverted ordering. In addition, the predictions for the effective neutrino masses are consistent with the present experimental bounds.
Detecting and Monitoring Tidal Dissipation of Hot Jupiters in the Era of SiTian
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Wei , Wei Xing , Zhang Hui , Zhou Ji-Lin , Shan Su-Su , Zheng Jie , Zong Wei-Kai , Yang Ming , Bai Yu , Wang Song , Zheng Jia-Chen , Xu Yu-Ru , Li Yu-Feng , Lu You-Jun , Liu Ji-Feng
Published: February 2022

Transit Timing Variation (TTV) of hot Jupiters provides direct observational evidence of planet tidal dissipation. Detecting tidal dissipation through TTV needs high precision transit timings and long timing baselines. In this work, we predict and discuss the potential scientific contribution of the SiTian Survey in detecting and analyzing exoplanet TTV. We develop a tidal dissipation detection pipeline for the SiTian Survey that aims at time-domain astronomy with 72 1 m optical telescopes. The pipeline includes the modules of light curve deblending, transit timing acquisition and TTV modeling. SiTian is capable of detecting more than 25,000 exoplanets among which we expect ∼50 sources to show evidence of tidal dissipation. We present detection and analysis of tidal dissipating targets, based on simulated SiTian light curves of XO-3b and WASP-161b. The transit light curve modeling gives consistent results within 1σ to input values of simulated light curves. Also, the parameter uncertainties predicted by Markov Chain Monte Carlo are consistent with the distribution obtained from simulating and modeling the light curve 1000 times. The timing precision of SiTian observations is ∼0.5 minutes with one transit visit. We show that differences between TTV origins, e.g., tidal dissipation, apsidal precession and multiple planets, would be significant, considering the timing precision and baseline. The detection rate of tidal dissipating hot Jupiters would answer a crucial question of whether the planet migrates at an early formation stage or random stages due to perturbations, e.g., planet scattering or secular interaction. SiTian identified targets would be constructive given that the sample would extend tenfold.
Division of Risky Sections of Railway External Environment Based on TOPSIS
Authors: Pan Zibiao
Published: February 2022

With the rapid development of economy and society, the external environmental problems of railways have become more and more prominent, and external environmental accidents have occurred from time to time. The external environmental problems along the railway have become more and more prominent, which has become one of the important risks that endanger railway safety and affect the order of trains. By analyzing the external environmental risk profile, quantifying the impact of different types of hidden danger points along the line, dividing the hidden danger section of the line, dividing the risk section, and carrying out special rectification of the sections with different risk levels, it will be conducive to efficient and centralized rectification of the external environment and improve environmental governance Efficiency and risk control level.
Optimal Dispatching of Integrated Energy System Based on Multi-Energy Complementation
Authors: Xing Jiawei , Sun Shumin , Cheng Yan , Liu Yiyuan , Yu Peng , Wang Yuejiao , Wang Shibai , Zhang Xingyou , Zhou Guangqi , Wang Nan , Guan Yifei
Published: February 2022

To raise the energy cascade use ratio and economic benefit, the multi-energy complementation-based integrated energy system (IES) has been considerably developed in recent years, so studying its internal optimal dispatching strategies will be of great importance. In this study, an optimal dispatching strategy applicable to the operation of typical IES was put forward. First, the classical IES architecture and the operating characteristics of each piece of equipment in it were explored. Second, a mixed-integer programming model with uncertainties was constructed for three energy systems—cooling, heating and power—and each equipment in these systems. In the end, the demonstration park of a major project in China was analyzed using the proposed strategy. The effectiveness of this strategy was verified by the simulation results.
Coordinated operation method of cascade hydropower stations considering runoff error
Authors: You Miao , Hu Kongfei
Published: February 2022

The traditional collaborative scheduling method of cascade hydropower stations group has the problem of imperfect regression model, which leads to excessive water consumption rate. A collaborative scheduling method of cascade hydropower stations group considering runoff error is designed. The influence factors of runoff forecast were obtained, the network parameters were called, and the regression model was built based on the runoff error according to the total power generation of cascade hydropower stations in the degree period. The objective function of hydropower system with hydropower stations as the center was established to optimize the cooperative dispatching mode. Experimental results: The average water consumption rates of the coordinated operation method of cascade hydropower stations group in this paper and the other two kinds of coordinated operation method of cascade hydropower stations group are 34.86%, 57.26% and 59.47% respectively, indicating that the coordinated operation method of cascade hydropower stations group with runoff error is more perfect.
Optimization of minimum crossing distance of transmission line based on multi objective ant colony algorithm
Authors: Xu Qiaoyun , Tian Ji , Tang Zhenpeng , Mai Ronghuan , Qin Yuancheng
Published: February 2022

In the test of cross span distance of transmission line, the estimation of cross span distance is not accurate, which leads to the increase of subsequent test error. Therefore, a test method of transmission line cross span distance based on a multi-objective ant colony algorithm is proposed. Statistics of the actual information of different crossovers including trees and forest areas. Considering the transmission line as a flexible cable, the objective function for estimating the cross span distance of the transmission line is constructed according to the catenary model of the flexible cable model. On this basis, the multi-objective ant colony algorithm is used to solve the function, and the optimization results of transmission line crossing distance are output. The experimental results show that the method has high accuracy, small error, short time and reliability.
A Design of fast-setting on-chip Charge Pump Circuit
Authors: Zhai Yannan , Gao Ling , Li Jingquan , Qiu Qangli
Published: February 2022

A circuit of fast-setting charge pump on-chip is designed based on the Dickson circuit. The charge pump circuit, which is improved, increases the initial node voltage. With the consideration of the current mismatch, the accurate clock of the duty circle below 50% is proposed. The HSPICE simulation result indicates that the setting time from 0V to 20V only needs 51.650μs for the charge pump, and it is faster than the traditional Dickson charge pump 26.03μs. In summary, the settling time of the output voltage of the charge pump is prominently decreased and the performance of the charge pump is obviously improved.
Research on Commutation Switch to Control Three-phase Unbalance and Azimuth Configuration
Authors: Li Zhenwei , Wu Jianjun , Long Kefei , Li Jiajun , Nie Jiao , Wang Yu , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2022

The randomness of each phase load in the station combined with the distribution of new energy into the network has caused the three-phase unbalance to become more and more serious. The use of commutation switch to switch the three-phase unbalance load effectively solves the problem. Considering the number of commutation switches, the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the configuration orientation of the commutation switch and to improve the accuracy of the installation location of the commutation switch. Effectively reduces the three-phase unbalance in the platform area.
Performance analysis of multi-refrigerant multi-variable environment refrigeration system based on marine cold chamber
Authors: Zhu Jie , Yang Dazhang , Zhang Qing , Xie Jing
Published: February 2022

This paper is based on the engineering equation solver to calculate the performance of refrigeration system under multi-refrigerant multivariable environment, which can simulate the operating performance of the system under different working conditions and the view of each state point, and provide help for the design and optimization of trans-critical CO2 refrigeration cycle refrigeration units. Using thermodynamic analysis, the system performance is observed by using the equations of conservation of energy, conservation of momentum and conservation of mass as the basis for the change of evaporator pressure, gas cooler pressure and intermediate pressure in the system; the state of each position in the ejector part of the system is calculated; after the calculation is completed, the pressure-enthalpy diagram of the system can be plotted; according to the different data parameters selected, the COP of the system can be plotted with the change of certain data parameters for different parameters. The results showed that the calculation method used is suitable for different refrigerants, compared with the traditional calculation and selection, the advantage of the EES software is that it can use the laws of thermodynamics for calculation and iteration.
Multifactor optimization of MICP base on BP model
Authors: Zhuo Xiande , Fan Ling , Hu Di , Zhu Huangda
Published: February 2022

Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) can be used to cement soil and produce new biomaterials. The formation of this material is affected by many factors, such as physical, chemical, biological factors, many studies focused on the effect of a single factor on the strength ignoring the synergy between factors. Back-propagation neural network (BPNN) can be used as a multi-factor nonlinear prediction model and an analysis method. 140 MICP grout tests in the literature were summarized to15 factors affecting UCS and act as BPNN input data. At last, five key factors were elected based on weight analysis of well-trained BPNN. On this basis, a simple strength model composed of those factors is established, which can well predict the strength of MICP grouting soil with practical convenience. Key factors and strength prediction models help popularize MICP for engineering applications and optimize grouting experiments.
Application of S7-300 PLC and Single Axis Motion Controller in Manipulator Control System
Authors: Hao Runsheng
Published: February 2022

A set of flexible manufacturing production line training equipment in the college carries materials through a manipulator, which is controlled by S7-300 PLC. The FM353 module in the control system is damaged, and the device cannot be used. In order to repair the control system, this paper proposes a low cost solution. By choosing a single axis motion controller to replace the FM353 module function and S7-300 PLC with the control system/PLC control single axis motion controller can send high speed pulse output to the stepper driver, achieve the position and speed control of the stepper motor, and realize the control of a four degrees of freedom manipulator. Based on the design scheme, the control system of the manipulator is reformed. After modification, the system can run normally, which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the design.
Stress Finite Element Modeling Analysis of Simply Supported Beam Bridge
Authors: Zhang Xinwei , Li Yaxiong , Yang Xinzhi , Wang Yuqing
Published: February 2022

In order to quickly and accurately analyze the stress and strain of simply supported beam bridge, overcome the problems of insufficient lightweight of finite element analysis software, single analysis type and difficult expansion, a bridge stress and stress weakness analysis method based on finite element analysis is proposed. This method improves the analysis accuracy by independently designing the analysis program and using symbolic computation, and can optimize and supplement the existing analysis software according to the demand. The example verification shows that this method can effectively analyze the bridge stress, accurately analyze multiple stress weaknesses of the model, and display its position. The accuracy and speed of the analysis are considerable.