bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youth Voices & Community Schools
Authors: Compiled by ENGAGE! Editors
Published: November 2022

“In converted buses and tin-roof sheds, migrant students get a lesson in hope”By Patrick Wood, A Martínez, Lilly Quiroz, & Milton GuevaraFirst appeared August 24, 2022, NPR Morning Edition
In a time of political debate and increasing hostility toward immigrants and refugees, it can be difficult to remember there are people at the heart of the “immigration issue.” Nonprofit groups like “Yes We Can” work to center immigrants in their own story. With mobile school programs in Mexico, educators serve migrant children living with their families in shelters in the border city of Tijuana. The organizers aim to provide stability and hope for children who find themselves in a difficult situation. Among the lessons are skills for coping with trauma and creating emotional resilience. What started as a temporary program to serve the surge in migrants near the U.S.-Mexico border has now become a necessary permanent fixture.
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Learn more about Yes We Can Mobile Schools
“Leaders of Tomorrow: Immigrant and Refugee Youth – A Guidebook on Leadership Development”By Sabrina Sheikh & S. Kwesi RollinsPublished September 2021 by the Institute for Educational Leadership
The Washington, D.C.-based Institute for Educational Leadership (IEL) develops programs to engage and support community leaders. Their “Leaders of Tomorrow” program provides curriculum to mobilize immigrant and refugee populations while emphasizing intersectionality across communities, including racial equity, health, employment, and disability inclusion. By providing development and leadership training to marginalized communities, IEL works to empower immigrant and refugee youth to be prepared for future challenges. In learning to advocate for themselves, participants in the “Leaders of Tomorrow” program will be prepared toadvocate for their communities and other marginalized groups, as well. The guidebook provides details of theprogram and key learning objectives.
Read the guidebook
Learn more about IEL’s Leaders of Tomorrow program
Effect of sterilization processes on alginate/gelatin inks for three-dimensional printing
Authors: Carranza Teresa , Zalba-Balda Martin , Baraibar Mari Jose Barriola , Caba Koro de la , Guerrero Pedro
Published: November 2022

Sterilization is a crucial step in the process of developing bioinks for tissue engineering applications. In this work, alginate/gelatin inks were subjected to three sterilization methods: ultraviolet (UV) radiation, filtration (FILT), and autoclaving (AUTO). In addition, to simulate the sterilization effect in a real environment, inks were formulated in two different media, specifically, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). First, rheological tests were performed to evaluate the flow properties of the inks, and we observed that UV samples showed shear thinning behavior, which was favorable for threedimensional (3D) printing. Furthermore, the 3D-printed constructs developed with UV inks showed better shape and size fidelity than those obtained with FILT and AUTO. In order to relate this behavior to the material structure, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was carried out and the predominant conformation in protein was determined by deconvolution of the amide I band, which confirmed that the prevalence of a-helix structure was greater for UV samples. This work highlights the relevance of sterilization processes, which are essential for biomedical applications, in the research field of bioinks.
Awareness on diabetes and its ocular complications among first year medical undergraduates
Authors: Charles Lydia , Kumaresan Vinisha , Puri Sanjeev Kumar
Published: November 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus has nowadays become a world-wide health problem. The aim of this study is to bring awareness among medical students on ocular complications caused due to diabetes mellitus.Methods: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 first year medical undergraduate students. A simple and easily understandable questionnaire was drafted and validated. This questionnaire tested their knowledge about diabetes and its ocular complications.Results: Out of 250 students, 210 have participated in the study. Out of 210 students, 40.48% (85/210) have heard about diabetes mellitus but they did not know that it can affect the eye and can lead to blindness. 42.86% (90/210) were aware about the disease, its potential to cause vision threatening complications and ways to prevent these complications. 16.67% (35/210) were not aware about diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: The awareness about diabetes mellitus is high among students. But awareness on ocular complications due to diabetes is very low in students. So, it is necessary to educate every single student about the complications of diabetes and how it affects the eye. It is important to implement and conduct awareness programs to increase awareness among students. It is important to educate the students on periodic eye check-up to prevent complications.
Multinodular gastro intestinal stromal tumor in small intestine with perforation and Meckel’s diverticulitis- An unusual presentation
Authors: Mishra Himachal , Alexander Manika
Published: November 2022

Gastrointestinal Stromal tumor are rare group of mesenchymal neoplasms originating from the wall of the digestive tract. Outcome strongly dependent on tumor size and mitotic activity.

A 60-year male presented with abdominal pain and distention for 3 months. After initial evaluation, emergency laparotomy was done. Intraoperatively found to have multiple small nodules in peritoneum and mesenteric border of small intestine and rupture of a big nodule was observed causing peritonitis. Gross examination-Multiple nodular tumour mass in small intestine along with multiple haemorrhagic nodule of varying size seen in mesentry.

Tumor arising from muscular layer arranged in interlacing fascicles, bundles, whorls and sheets. Tumor cells are elongated having spindle to elongated nucleus with vesicular to dense chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Some of the nodules shows areas of haemorrhage and necrosis. Mitotic figure > 5/50 HPF seen. Histological grade-G2 High grade >5/50 HPF, TNM grade-PT4PNxPMx. Immunohistochemistry-Diffusely Positive for CD117. Focally positive for DOG1, CD34 & SMA.

Small intestinal GISTs comprise approximately 30% of all GISTs. Tumor size vary from small nodules to complex masses of around 20 cm.

GIST is more common in patients with age >40 years. CD117 and DOG1 positivity are used to define these tumors. Novelty: Only few cases has been reported in small bowel GIST with perforation and multiple nodules.
Pyrolysis of low-value waste sawdust over low-cost catalysts: physicochemical characterization of pyrolytic oil and value-added biochar
Authors: Mishra Ranjeet Kumar , Mohanty Kaustubha
Published: November 2022

The present work deals with an experimental investigation into the generation and characterization of pyrolytic oil and biochar from Sal wood sawdust (SW). The pyrolysis experiment was performed in a semi-batch reactor at 500 oC and 80 oC/min heating rate with CaO, CuO, and Al2O3 catalysts. Further, the pyrolytic oil and biochar were investigated using different analyses, including proximate analysis, elemental analysis, thermal stability, GC-MS, FTIR, field emission scanning electron microscopy, electrical conductivity analysis, higher heating value (HHV), zeta potential analysis, and ash content analysis. Pyrolysis results revealed that compared to thermal pyrolysis (46.02 wt%), the pyrolytic oil yield was improved by catalytic pyrolysis with CaO and CuO (50.02 and 48.23 wt%, respectively). Further, the characterization of pyrolytic oil revealed that the loading of catalysts considerably improved the oil's properties by lowering its viscosity (69.50 to 22 cSt), ash content (0.26 to 0.11 wt%), and oxygen content (28.32 to16.60 %) while raising its acidity (4.2 to 9.6), heating value (25.66 to 36.09 MJ/kg), and carbon content (61.79 to 74.28%). According to the FTIR analysis, the pyrolytic oil contained hydrocarbons, phenols, aromatics, alcohols, and oxygenated compounds. Additionally, the GC-MS analysis showed that catalysts significantly reduced oxygenated fractions, phenols (20.23 to 15.26%), acids (12.23 to 6.56%), and increased hydrocarbons (12 to 16 wt%). Additionally, the results of the biochar analysis demonstrated that SW biochar was appropriate for a range of industrial applications, including in catalysts, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and bio-composite materials.
Sustainability assessment of palm oil-based refinery systems for food, fuel, and chemicals
Authors: Gheewala Shabbir H. , Jaroenkietkajorn Ukrit , Nilsalab Pariyapat , Silalertruksa Thapat , Somkerd Thoranin , Laosiripojana Navadol
Published: November 2022

Palm-based biorefinery system has gained attention worldwide because of potentially high economic returns. However, environmental impacts also increase with the additional production. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sustainability of (1) current palm-based biorefinery system in Thailand, including cooking oil and biodiesel, and (2) palm-based biorefinery system with value-added products, i.e., succinic acid, lactic acid, bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD), and epichlorohydrin (ECH) that represent biomaterial, biofuel, and biochemical products, respectively. Accordingly, seven palm-based biorefinery scenarios were designed, and their sustainability was assessed through life cycle assessment (LCA), net energy balance (NEB) and net energy ratio (NER), employment generation, and eco-efficiency. The results revealed that value-added production increased global warming impacts by around 3 – 79% compared with the current system. Although environmental impacts increased due to the additional processes related to the production of the value-added products, total product values also increased, especially for succinic acid, generally leading to higher eco-efficiency values. The current palm-based biorefinery system with succinic acid production had the highest eco-efficiency among all the scenarios considered. The BHD production scenario had the highest NEB and NER because the products were used for energy. Employment generation increased for all the scenarios between 2 – 86% compared with the current system.
Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions and Elimination of Unpleasant Odours During Storage and Accumulation of Bio-Organic Waste from Fish Trout Farms in Karelia
Authors: Kharlamova M.D. , Zhilyaev D.I. , Mazina S.E. , Lukanin A.V. , Vyshelessky A.B. , Adamovich M. , Borisova A.R. , Sorokin I.D.
Published: November 2022

The qualitative composition of emissions generated during the decomposition of waste from trout fish farms in Karelia, determines the ratio of their components, traces the dynamics of changes in the composition of emissions when adding the experimental biological product "Liquidator" was studied. A technique for the identification of highly volatile compounds concentrated on a sorbent is proposed; a sampling method is described using suction tubes with a sorbent in the form of fine-grained glass.
Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance: The Mediating Effect of Sustainability Performance
Authors: Rustiarini Ni Wayan , Bhegawati Desak Ayu Sriary , Mendra Ni Putu Yuria
Published: November 2022

Sustainability practices are challenging for today's businesses in developing countries, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Most SMEs have limited resources, which hinders their sustainability performance. This study examined intellectual capital's (IC) role in financial and sustainability performance. It also aimed to identify the contribution of sustainability performance in improving the financial performance of SMEs, as well as to examine the mediating role of sustainability performance on the relationship between IC and financial performance. The research sample was 336 small and medium enterprises in Bali, Indonesia. Data were collected using a questionnaire, while the data analysis was conducted in SEM-PLS. The results showed that IC increased financial and sustainability performance. Meanwhile, sustainability performance also had a positive effect on financial performance. Finally, the statistical test results proved that sustainability performance mediated the influence of IC on financial performance. These findings imply that IC is a significant predictor of SMEs' financial performance, whether directly or via sustainability performance. Also, there is an urgent need for the government to develop social and environmental responsibility guidelines in the SME sector. Therefore, the practice of sustainability not only boosts the performance of SMEs but also assists the government in overcoming many social and environmental problems.
Radiographic Evaluation of Errors during the Root Canal Treatment by 5th and 6th Year Undergraduate Students of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) from 2015 to 2018
Authors: Asgharzadeh Erfan , Zaree Jahromi Maryam , Mortaheb Amin , Hajipour Romina
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Quality of root canal treatment is considered as an important prognostic factor for endodontic therapy success. The aim of this study is to evaluate radiographic errors during the root canal treatment by 5th and 6th year undergraduate students of Islamic Azad university of Isfahan (Khorasgan) from 2015 to 2018.
Materials & Methods: In this study records of 860 cases of endodontic treatment of patients referred to the General Endodontics Department and the Comprehensive Treatment Department of Isfahan Azad University (Khorasgan) during 2015-2018 including 1903 root canals that had received root canal treatment were examined. Periapical radiography was used to evaluate errors during access cavity preparation, canal preparation, and canal filling by two endodontic specialists and it was recorded in pre-prepared forms. In the access cavity preparation: furcation perforation, low access cavity expansion, high access cavity expansion were evaluated. During the canal preparation phase, errors such as missing of canal, ledge, transport, perforation types and broken instruments were investigated. Length and density of root filing were the criteria evaluated at the canal filling stage. The analysis was performed at both descriptive and inferential levels. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-Square test and exact Fisher's test.
Results: Frequency of acceptable root canal treatment (without errors) was 37.5%. Lower first molars showed the highest error rate (40.7%). Furcation perforation was reported with 9.4% highest error of access cavity preparation. The highest error rate was reported transport (7.8%) in the preparation phase. Inadequate density (gap) of 36.9% and under filling of 31.1% had the highest error in filling stage.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be stated that general endodontics department needs careful planning to increase the quality of root canal treatments performed by students.
Evaluation of the Correlation between Systemic Osteoporosis and Periodontal Status in Menopausal Women
Authors: Beshkani Faezeh , Aghaie Rozhin , Behnampour Nasser , Fakhari Elham
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Periodontitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases, characterized by destruction of connective tissue and supporting structure of the tooth. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of skeletal tissue characterized by a decrease in bone mass and leads to the destruction of bone structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between systemic osteoporosis and periodontal status in menopausal women referred to the bone density measurement center in Gorgan.
Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 56 menopausal women aged 45-65 years participated. Among the participants, 28 individuals had osteoporosis and 28 women were healthy. Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and gingivitis index (GI) were measured for each patient. Finally, the data were analyzed using 95% confidence level.
Results: A total of 56 menopausal women were included in the study. The mean GI in the osteoporotic group was 0.74 ± 1.43 and in the non-osteoporotic group was 0.77 ± 1.32 (p value = 0.280). The mean periodontal pocket depth in the osteoporotic group (0.63 ± 3.73) was more than the non- osteoporotic group 0.57 ± 3.66 (p value = 0.363). PI mean in the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups were 37.11 ± 15 and 37.39 ± 15, respectively (p value = 0.363).
Conclusion: The mean clinical attachment level in menopausal women with osteoporosis was significantly higher than normal menopausal women. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in other indices of periodontal disease such as PPD, PI, GI.
Comparison of Two Different Electro Polish Temperature on Cobalt Ion Release of Chromium Cobalt Alloy in Artificial Saliva with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Adib Amir , Mahabadi Meysam , Rashidi Meybodi Fatemeh , Alehi Abari Sayed Mohammad Mehdi S
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Metals are widely used in direct and indirect restorative materials, both in prosthetics and orthodontics. The biocompatibility of these metals depends on their chemical nature, the number of ions released, and the period of contact of these metals. This study aims to compare two different electropolish temperatures on the release of cobalt ion from chromium-cobalt alloy.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 24 wax patterns were cut in the form of a circle with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. Then, the samples were sprued and invested. Burn out and casting were used to cast the alloy. The samples were sandblasted and polished with aluminum oxide. They were randomly divided into two 12-number groups and electropolished at 45° and 55° C. Samples were placed in artificial saliva and sent to atomic absorption spectrophotometer for 15 and 30 days to read the cobalt. Data were then analyzed by Independent t-test and Paired t-test (p value = 0.05).
Results: The average release of cobalt from chromium cobalt alloy on the 30th day was higher than the 15th day at both 45°C and 55°C. This difference was significant at 45°C (p value = 0.036) while not significant at 55°C (p value = 0.0754). Regarding the comparison of the ion release at 45° and 55°C, the difference was not significant on the 15th day (p value = 0.067) and 30th day (p value = 0.0754).
Conclusion: The amount of cobalt ions released from the cobalt-chromium alloy at 45°C is fewer than at 55°C over time.
The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with Photosan and Different Concentrations of Methylene Blue on Candida Albicans had been Grown on Denture
Authors: Mazandarani Ali Salehi , Amini Shahram , Shirani Amir Mansour , Sanjaripour Mones
Published: November 2022

Introduction: In some studies, photodynamic therapy with some light sources and light-absorbing materials were used against Candida. In this study, the antifungal effects of 630 nm photosan with different concentrations of methylene blue on Candida albicans that had been grown on dentures was investigated. In data searches no similar study was found.
Materials & Methods: This experimental laboratory study was performed in Isfahan Azad University in 2019-2020. On total 26 similar dentures were prepared. Suspension of 0.5 McFarland Candidia albicans was inoculated on the dentures. The samples were put into three groups (seven in each) with different concentrations of methylene blue (0.1, 0.01, 0.001 g/l) and photosan with a wavelength of 630 nm was used. Five control samples including untreated control, photosan alone and three controls with methylene blue concentrations only were considered. The number of colonies was counted using manual and ocular methods. Data were analyzed with T-test, ANOVA.
Results: The mean number of Candida albicans grown on dentures after photodynamic therapy and different concentrations of methylene blue was significantly different from control groups (p value < 0.05). The mean number of Candida albicans grown on dentures after photodynamic therapy were significantly different between the three concentrations of methylene blue (p value < 0.001). Methylene blue with a concentration of 0.1 mg had significantly better efficacy against candida compared with two other concentrations (p value < 0.001).
Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy with photosan and methylene blue with a concentration of 0.1 provided better results compared to others in reducing Candida albicans.
Relationship between Personality Factors and Cooperation in Adult Patients Candidates for Fixed Orthodontic Treatment in Isfahan
Authors: Akhlaghi Alireza , Monirifrard Mohammad , Nikbakht Mohammad Hossein , Shirban Farinaz
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Cooperation is one of the most important predictors of treatment outcome in orthodontics. Lack of cooperation can cause prolonged treatment, decrease of efficiency, unpredictable outcome, and cost increase. In this study, the relationship between some personality traits of patients and their cooperation in orthodontic treatment was investigated.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 90 patients who had been referred to 7 specialized orthodontic centers in Isfahan for treatment in 2018 were selected by convenience cluster sampling method. Five personality traits of patients were extracted by NEO-Five Factor Inventory personality test, and their level of cooperation between 2 months and 6 months was extracted by Orthodontic Patient Cooperation Scale questionnaire. The correlation between personality factors and the amount of cooperation in both intervals was calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The significance level was considered at 0.05.
Results: There is a significant correlation between neuroticism and patients' cooperation in 2 months and 6 months with coefficients of 0.25 and 0.24, respectively. (p value = 0.01 and p value = 0.03, respectively) There is also a correlation between conscientiousness and cooperation in 6 months with a coefficient of 0.28 (p value = 0.01).
Conclusion: It seems that neurotic personality factor can be a risk factor in patients' lack of cooperation in orthodontic treatment. Conscientiousness is also a factor that can predict good cooperation in orthodontic treatment. But these correlations are not very strong.
The Relationship between Parenting Style and Dental Anxiety in 4-6 Years Old Children
Authors: Gorgabi Fatemeh Haghshenas , Javadinejad Shahrzad , Babaei Elham
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Control on children`s dental anxiety is one of the important & effective factor predicting treatment success. Personality factors & parenting style can be very effective in children`s dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting styles and child`s dental anxiety and behavior in dental setting.
Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive study done a sample of 126 children aged 4-6 years old and their parents participated in this study in the year 2020. Sampling method was nonrandom and simple. MCDASf questionnaire was used to measure children`s dental anxiety and Bumrind questionnaire was used for scores of parenting styles. Data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation, Spearman Correlation, and chi-square tests.
Results: A significant relationship between the score of authoritative parenting style in parents and pediatric dental anxiety (p value = 0.803, r = 0.022). However, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the score of authoritarian parenting style in parents and children's dental anxiety (p value < 0.001, r = -0.307). Also, a direct and significant relationship was observed between the score of permissive parenting style in parents and children's dental anxiety (p value < 0.001, r = 0.318).
Conclusion: Dental anxiety and behavior in children is associated with parenting style.
Margin Adaptation of Zirconia and Sintron Copings before and after Firing with Two Different Types of Porcelain
Authors: Kowsari Amirhossein , Mahabadi Meysam , Tabbakhian Gholamreza
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Given the surge in the restoration of infrastructures with zirconia and sintron and the use of different porcelain on them and the lack studies on marginal adaptation in different situations, this study aimed to evaluate the marginal gap before and after porcelain firing.
Materials & Methods: This cross sectional experimental laboratory research was performed in 2019 in the Transgenesis research center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, where 40 abutments were divided into two groups of 20 with two types of substructures (zirconia and soft presintered chrome-cobalt alloy (Syntron) AmannGirrbach, Koblach, Austria)) then ,each group was subdivided into two porcelain subgroup of ten (noritake and creation).Marginal gap was evaluated by stereomicroscope before and after porcelain firing .Data was gathered and analyzed by means of one way and two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).
Results: The difference observed between marginal gap in studied groups was statistically significant (p value < 0.05). But marginal gap in respect to the type of porcelain did not show a significant difference between the groups (p value = 0.214). The lowest amount of change after firing with porcelain was related to the Syntron substructure group with Noritake porcelain, which was significantly different from the two zirconia frame groups (p value = 0.045), (p value = 0.006).
Conclusion: In this research after porcelain firing, sintron showed better results compared to zirconia regardless of porcelain type.
Editorial – Connective Tissue Growth Factor: A Key Factor Among Mediators of Tissue Fibrosis
Authors: Sheibani Nader
Published: November 2022

This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Influence of Donor Thickness on Visual Acuity in Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Kuzman Tomislav , Meter Ana , Kalauz Miro , Masnec Sanja , Škegro Ivan , Jonjić Ivana
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Conventional Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) is a corneal transplantation procedure where the patient’s inner dysfunctional layer is replaced with donor lamella. The data currently present in the literature about the correlation between lamellar thickness and visual acuity is sometimes contradictory and lacks clarity.
Methods: Study included 55 eyes that underwent the conventional DSAEK procedure. Patients had no other comorbidities that could affect visual acuity. Data about lamellar thickness and visual acuity were measured six months after surgery with anterior segment optical coherent tomography (A5-OCT).
Results: The results show that visual acuity before surgery improved from 0.82 to 0.25 logMAR after surgery. Better visual acuity of 0.20 logMAR was achieved with postoperative lamellas thinner than 124 μm, while statistically significantly lower visual acuity of 0.29 logMAR was gained with postoperative lamellas thicker than 124 μm.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the goal after conventional DSAEK is to have postoperative lamellas thinner than 124 μm in the eye, as this will result in better postoperative visual acuity. This value represents the optimal thickness for conventional DSAEK surgery that could minimize tissue loss for eye banks and surgeons may experience fewer problems during surgery, while obtaining good final visual acuity.
Adverse Reactions from Topical Ophthalmic Anesthetic Abuse
Authors: Sharifi Ali , Naisir Naser , Shams Majid , Sharifi Meraj , Sharifi Hamid
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To assess the adverse drug reactions (ADR) of tetracaine among patients referred to an eye emergency department in the southeast of Iran.
Methods: In this case series study, we assessed 31 eyes of 24 patients who were referred due to adverse effects of ocular anesthetics during 2017–2020. We collected the data, including age, sex, job, how the medicine was obtained, symptoms, examination results, and ADR.
Results: Of 24 patients, 22 (91.7%) were male. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 32.6 (1.9) years. Twenty-two patients obtained the medicines without a prescription and a general practitioner prescribed the medicine to two patients. In the first interview, the most common symptoms were: photophobia, reduced vision, ocular pain, and redness. The main signs of persistent epithelial defect, patchy or diffuse corneal stromal infiltration, ring infiltration, and Descemet’s folds were noticed in the examinations. Finally, 51.6% (n =16) of the eyes had decreased vision, 45.2% (n =14) had corneal opacity, 16.1% (n = 5) had elevated intraocular pressure that needed long-term anti-glaucoma therapy, and 6.5% (n = 2) had corneal pannus. Corneal perforation and phthisis bulbi were the final results in one eye.
Conclusion: ADR related to the use of ophthalmic topical anesthetics could cause sight-threatening severe morbidities. It seems that some general practitioners are not careful regarding the prescription of these kinds of medicine. Moreover, the over-the-counter availability of tetracaine eye drops should be managed.
The Inhibitory Effect of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Antibody on Postoperative Fibrosis in a Rabbit Model of Trabeculectomy
Authors: Hassanpour Kiana , Rezaei Kanavi Mozhgan , Daftarian Narsis , Samaeili Azadeh , Suri Fatemeh , Pakravan Mohammad , Doozandeh Azadeh , Afsar Aski Sasha , Fakhri Maryam , Moghaddasi Afrooz , Ahmadieh Hamid , Esfandiari Hamed
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of subconjunctival injection of an anti-connective tissue growth factor antibody (anti-CTGF) versus mitomycin-C (MMC) and placebo in reducing scar formation in a rabbit model of trabeculectomy.
Methods: A total of 14 rabbits were included. Nine rabbits underwent trabeculectomy with subconjunctival injections of either anti-CTGF antibody, MMC, or balanced salt solution (BSS), each administered in three eyes, before peritomy. The anti-CTGF group received a repeated dose of the antibody five days after surgery. All nine rabbits were euthanized on day 14; the globes were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, Masson’s Trichrome, and immunohistochemistry for detecting alpha-smooth muscle (α-SMA) actin. RNA extraction was performed on five eyes of the remaining rabbits which included one eye without any surgery, one eye 5 hr after trabeculectomy without any injection, one eye five days after trabeculectomy without any injection, and two eyes five days after trabeculectomy with administration of MMC and BSS, respectively.
Results: The mean bleb area in the anti-CTGF, MMC, and control groups was 3.8 ± 1.45, 5.9 ± 1.4, and 3.5 ± 1.9 mm2, respectively. Collagenous tissue was found to occupy the bleb area by 13.7%, 13.5%, and 18.5%, respectively. This ratio was significantly higher in the BSS group (P = 0.04). The expression of CTGF mRNA after 5 hr and five days in eyes undergoing trabeculectomy were significantly more pronounced as compared to the unoperated eye. The mean H-SCORE of α-SMA-immune reactive cells calculated as the grade of staining multiplied by the percentage of immune stained cells was 14.6, 10.22, and 140.58 in the anti-CTGF, MMC, and control groups, respectively. While the control eyes had a significantly higher score (Ps < 0.001), the anti-CTGF and MMC groups were comparable (P = 0.87).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this animal study, the anti-CTGF antibody injection resulted in a significant reduction in collagenous tissue and myofibroblast cells after trabeculectomy.
Individual and Combined Effects of Diabetes and Glaucoma on Total Macular Thickness and Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Shah Dhruven , Dhamankar Rita , Shetty Vijay , Haldipurkar Suhas , Chipade Prakash , Tanwar Shabnam , Sankhe Prachi , Venkatramani Devendra , Mhatre Paresh , Setia Maninder Singh
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Presence of diabetes in glaucoma patients may influence findings while documenting the progression of glaucoma. We conducted the study to compare individual and combined effects of diabetes and glaucoma on macular thickness and ganglion cell complex thickness.
Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional analysis of 172 eyes of 114 individuals. The groups were categorized according to the following conditions: glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, both glaucoma and diabetes (‘both’ group), and none of these conditions (‘none’ group). Patients with diabetes did not have diabetic retinopathy (DR). We compared retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, foveal loss of volume (FLV), and global loss of volume (GLV) among the groups. We used random effects multivariate analysis to adjust for potential confounders.
Results: The mean (SD) age of these individuals was 60.7 (10.1) years. The total average RNFL and GCC were significantly lower in the glaucoma group (RNFL: –36.27, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: –42.79 to –29.74; P < 0.05, and GCC: –26.24, 95% CI: –31.49 to –20.98; P < 0.05) and the ‘both’ group (RNFL: –24.74, 95% CI: –32.84 to –16.63; P < 0.05, and GCC: –17.92, 95% CI: –24.58 to –11.26; P < 0.05) as compared with the ‘none’ group. There were no significant differences in the average RNFL values and total average GCC between the diabetes group and the ‘none’ group. The values of FLV and GLV were significantly higher in the ‘glaucoma’ group and the ‘both’ group as compared with the ‘none’ group. The foveal values were not significantly different across these four groups. Among the glaucoma cases, 25% were mild, 30% were moderate, and 45% were severe; there was no significant difference in the proportion of severity of glaucoma between the ‘glaucoma only’ and ‘both’ groups (P = 0.32). After adjusting for severity and type of glaucoma, there were no statistically significant differences in the values of average RNFL (6.6, 95% CI: –1.9 to 15.2; P = 0.13), total average GCC (3.6, -95% CI: –2.4 to 9.6; P = 0.24), and GLV (–3.9, 95% CI: –9.5 to 1.6; P = 0.16) in the ‘both group’ as compared with the glaucoma only group.
Conclusion: We found that diabetes with no DR did not significantly affect the retinal parameters in patients with glaucoma. Thus, it is less likely that thickness of these parameters will be overestimated in patients with glaucoma who have concurrent diabetes without retinopathy.
Job Satisfaction among Ophthalmologists in Iran
Authors: Sabbaghi Hamideh , Kalantarion Masomeh , Yaseri Mehdi , Kheiri Bahareh , Rajavi Zhale , Safi Sare
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To estimate the level of job satisfaction among ophthalmologists in Iran and determine the associated factors that may impact their overall job satisfaction.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 181 ophthalmologists (79.0% male) were interviewed by the Warr-Cook-Wall questionnaire with 7-point-Likert scale, which transformed responses from a 0 (most dissatisfied) to 100 (most satisfied). Questionnaires were randomly distributed among registered ophthalmologists at the 29th Annual Congress of the Iranian Society of Ophthalmology in November 2019. Satisfaction under each scale was considered as a score of >60% of the total score.
Results: A total of 181 ophthalmologists with a mean age of 47.8 ± 12.1 years and 16 ± 12 years of practice participated in the present study. They were mostly satisfied with their job as a whole (88.1%, mean score: 60.6 ± 20.7) and dissatisfied with their income (55.9%, mean score: 47.6 ± 20.3). High levels of job satisfaction were found among ophthalmologists with longer duration of practice (P < 0.001) while lower levels of satisfaction were identified among those who worked in academic centers (P = 0.004).
Conclusion: In this study, high levels of job satisfaction were found among ophthalmologists with longer duration of practice while low levels of satisfaction were identified among ophthalmologists who worked in academic centers. The factors of salary and working hours accounted for the least levels of job satisfaction.
Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Zaheer Haniah , Parameswarappa Deepika , Zaheer Myra , Chhablani Jay , Patil-Chhablani Preeti
Published: November 2022

(SNHL) can have a large impact on the outcome and treatment of pediatric patients. Due to the common co-incidence of ocular manifestations and SNHL in children, both ophthalmologic and hearing loss screening and routine examinations must be conducted to minimize adverse outcomes and worsening of pathology. Early evaluation and diagnosis is imperative for intervention and further development of the patient. Coincidence requires a thorough evaluation that includes a comprehensive history, examination, and diagnostic testing. In this article, a literature review was conducted to analyze the presentations of various diseases and syndromes, such as Alport Syndrome, Waardenburg Syndrome, Norrie Disease, Usher Disease, Stickler Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome, Congenital Rubella, and Hereditary Optic Neuropathies. We divided the various ocular pathologies into anterior and posterior segment presentations and associated systemic findings for better understanding. Additionally, this review aims to include an update on the management of patients with both ocular and hearing loss manifestations.
Ciliary Body Schwannoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: El Mokh Haythem , Ben Yahia Néjib , Bouziri Mustapha , Gattoufi Walid , Khabir Abdelmajid
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To present a case of intraocular schwannoma arising from the ciliary body with description of histological and immunophenotypic characteristics.
Case Report: A 32-year-old woman who was followed for glaucoma of the left eye and chronic renal failure at the stage of hemodialysis presented with buphthalmos and two weeks of blurry vision of the left eye. A magnetic resonance imaging exam was performed suspecting melanoma. Enucleation was rapidly performed. The histological examination after HE (Hematoxylin and Eiosin) and HEA50 (Hematoxylin and polychromatic solution EA 50) staining showed proliferation of mesenchymal monomorphic fusiform cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and small oval nuclei which showed a tendency toward palisading. Some parts of the tumor were hypercellular with a fascicular arrangement (Antoni A pattern); other parts were weakly cellular with a myxoid arrangement (Antoni B pattern). Several Verocay bodies and a lot of hemorrhagic suffusions were described. Mitotic figures were very rare. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that tumor cells were positive for PS100 and vimentin.
Conclusion: Although ciliary body schwannoma is extremely rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors.
Orbital Dirofilariasis Masquerading As Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Pakdel Farzad , Ghadimi Hadi , Nozarian Zohreh , Asadi Amoli Fahimeh , Pirmarzdashti Niloofar , Karimi Morteza , Mehrpour Mohamad
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To report a 12-year-old patient with a rapid growing orbital mass and imaging findings suggestive of rhabdomyosarcoma that was found to be dirofilariasis after mass resection.
Case Report: We describe a 12-year-old patient with a rapid growing orbital mass involving medial part of orbit and medial rectus muscle and imaging findings suggestive of rhabdomyosarcoma. Histopathologic examination showed the mass to be composed of granulomatous inflammation and the thread-like object to be Dirofilaria repens. The patient was well post-operation without morbidity. In this paper, we describe distinct clinical features and imaging findings of this interesting case.
Conclusion: Deep orbital lesions due to dirofilariasis, as in our case, is extremely rare. It is important to add dirofilariasis to the differential diagnosis of orbital mass lesions. Attention to the imaging clues, as provided in this report, can be helpful.
Trabeculectomy Augmented with Limited Deep Sclerectomy and Cyclodialysis with Use of Scleral Tissue as a Spacer
Authors: Dada Tanuj , Shakrawal Jyoti , Ramesh Priyanka , Sethi Anin
Published: November 2022

Trabeculectomy remains the most commonly performed surgery for medically uncontrolled glaucoma. Its success in primary open angle glaucoma is approximately 82% in the initial year after surgery and 64% at the end of five years. Lower success rates have been found in secondary glaucomas like neovascular glucoma, uvietic glaucoma, post-traumatic glaucoma, and for repeat surgeries. To illustrate improvement of the efficacy of trabeculectomy, enhancement with cyclodialysis has been introduced. This involves the creation of a cyclodialysis cleft in a controlled manner to allow additional suprachoroidal drainage of the aqueous. Cyclodialysis is the result of the separation of the longitudinal ciliary muscle fibers from the scleral spur, which creates an additional pathway for aqueous humor drainage. However, such a cleft often closes on its own due to associated inflammation caused by the filtration surgery. Deep sclerectomy is a non-penetrating surgery that involves dissection of a scleral patch and excision of a block of scleral tissue, retaining a thin membrane for aqueous drainage. In this study, we introduce a novel surgical technique of combining trabeculectomy with a limited deep sclerectomy and a cyclodialysis in two pseudophakic patients who developed secondary glaucoma after vitreo-retinal surgery with silicone oil insertion. In this technique the excised scleral tissue obtained after deep sclerectomy was utilized as a spacer to maintain the patency of the cyclodialysis cleft.
Torpedo Retinopathy or Chorioretinopathy?
Authors: Dehghan Mahmoud , Nourinia Ramin , Fekri Sahba , Abtahi Seyed-Hossein
Published: November 2022

This is a Letter to the Editor and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Authors' Reply to Torpedo Retinopathy or Chorioretinopathy?
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Jain Kushagra , Pereira Arpitha , Thirumalesh MB , Yadav Naresh Kumar
Published: November 2022

This is a Reply Letter to Torpedo Retinopathy or Chorioretinopathy? and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Erratum to Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Malignant Hypertensive Retinopathy
Authors: Mirshahi Ahmad , Karkhaneh Reza , Roohipour Ramak , Rajabi Mohammadbagher , Vahedian Zakieh , Bazvand Fatemeh
Published: November 2022

This is an Erratum to Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Malignant Hypertensive Retinopathy. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
A Case of Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm of the Gallbladder with a Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Cho Eunae , Park Chang Hwan , Kim Sung Sun
Published: November 2022

Gallbladder polyps are frequently found on abdominal ultrasonography. Most gallbladder polyps are benign. However, the risk of malignancy increases when the polyp size exceeds 10 mm. The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of tumors proposed three types of preinvasive neoplasms of the gallbladder: adenoma, intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN), and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN). Herein, we report a case of a growing gallbladder polyp that was diagnosed with ICPN after cholecystectomy, along with a brief literature review.
Thyroid Cystic Nodules May Have Ultrasonographic Features Mimicking Malignancy during Interval Changes
Authors: Choi Young Sik
Published: November 2022

Ultrasonography (US) features of thyroid nodules can be helpful in identifying those most at risk for malignancy; these features include marked hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, irregular margins, and a taller-than-wide shape (nonparallel orientation). Some cystic nodules change morphologically after simple aspiration and percutaneous ethanol injection treatment. They can show marked hypoechogenicity and irregular margins on the US and be difficult to distinguish from papillary thyroid carcinoma. This article covered the imaging precautions when a malignant nodule is suspected in the US during the clinical course of a thyroid cyst.
Management of Ipsilateral Axillary Lymphadenopathy Detected on Breast Ultrasound after COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Lee Hee Seung , Kim Ku Sang
Published: November 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted morbidity and mortality worldwide. The rollout of vaccination programs remains the most helpful action to contain coronavirus dissemination. COVID-19 vaccines are commonly administered intramuscularly into the arm. Ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy has been reported as an adverse event after COVID-19 vaccination. Axillary lymphadenopathy following COVID-19 vaccination may mimic metastasis. A major concern is that this finding could lead to a misdiagnosis in patients with various types of malignancy, especially breast cancer. This article reviewed the management and reports of ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy caused by the COVID-19 vaccine with a focus on ultrasound.
Avaliação do volume de solo mobilizado e consumo de combustível em função do teor de água e profundidade de adubação
Authors: Orlando Junior Wilson de Almeida , Teixeira Lucas de Freitas , Pacheco Ana Flávia Coelho , Correa Kely de Paula , Rezende Isabella de Andrade , Pacheco Jean Carlos Coelho
Published: November 2022

Para se garantir uma agricultura sustentável e permanente é extremamente importante conhecer os processos de manejo e também suas relações com o meio ambiente. O consumo de combustíveis fósseis e o revolvimento do solo são fatores que tem influência direta com o aquecimento global pela emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Objetivou-se avaliar a quantidade de solo mobilizado e o consumo de combustível durante uma operação de semeadura em sistema de plantio direto. O experimento foi instalado em parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os teores de água do solo (28,7; 36,4 e 47,6%) e nas subparcelas, as profundidades de deposição do adubo (6,3; 11,3 e 14,8 cm). Foram utilizados um trator John Deere® modelo 5705 4x2 com tração dianteira auxiliar e uma semeadora-adubadora Jumil POP JM2670PD SH EX. Observou-se que as variáveis analisadas não influenciaram na quantidade de solo mobilizada pelos mecanismos sulcadores da semeadora-adubadora. Entretanto, para o consumo horário de combustível houve efeito significativo tanto para a profundidade de adubação quanto para os teores de água do solo estudados.
Using related Legal Systems to secure the Execution of just Satisfaction awarded by the ECtHR
Authors: Demetriades Achilleas , Demetriades Alexandros
Published: November 2022

The present article hopes to initiate a discussion concerning alternative methods through which applicants themselves can ensure that recalcitrant respondent States comply with their obligations to execute the judgments of the ECtHR. This may be done by mobilising related legal systems towards this end. This paper focuses on the 'just satisfaction' element of the judgment and examines one possible avenue through which applicants themselves can secure their payment. The relevant course of action has two elements: (i) securing the recognition of the ECtHR's order to pay within the national legal order of a non-respondent High Contracting Party to the Convention and requesting that the relevant national court issue a third-party debt order against the European Commission and (ii) securing the waiver of the European Commission's immunity.