bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualization of emotions in the novel The Slynxby Tatyana Tolstaya
Authors: Głogowska Anna , Ostanina-Olszewska Julia
Published: January 2023

The language of emotions is culturally conditioned and a conceptualization of emotions is determined by the value systems adopted in given cultures, as well as by personal experiences in recognizing, valuing, and communicating those emotions. It is believed that sometimes certain emotions have no lexical equivalents in particular languages. Even within one culture and one language, we can observe a gray area in the meaning of terms from this field. This is not surprising, given the subjective perception of the world by each member of a specific community, as well as the multitude of emotions themselves.

Although most information about other people’s emotions comes to the recipients through language, talking or writing about them is not simple. Emotions are among the concepts that are not very clearly delineated in our experience and therefore other, more comprehensible concepts, such as spatial orientations or objects, should be used when referring to them.

In the novel The Slynx by Tatyana Tolstaya, emotions are conceptualized and represented for instance by liquids, small animals, natural forces, and substances with some specific taste (sour, bitter, etc.). Our goal was to figure out which emotions and their linguistic instantiations are only typical for the Russian language and which ones would fall in the universal category. The paper will focus on the description and the way emotions are conceptualized from a cognitive linguistic perspective, drawing on CMT (Conceptual Metaphor Theory), conceptual metonymies, and cognitive models.
Translation of Perso-Arabic loanwords from Hindi into Polish: A pilot study
Authors: Bąkowski Jacek
Published: January 2023

In contemporary literary Hindi there is an abundance of Perso-Arabic loanwords which often function similarly to words of Sanskrit origin. Despite their semantic proximity, each of them can have different connotational meanings and cultural associations. Furthermore, depending on the context, one of them will be preferred to the other. This situation can become an issue when translating from Hindi into Polish. In this paper, I will investigate whether these loanwords should be considered as a third language in translation. If this is the case, they make the text a multicultural one, and, thus, raise the question of how to translate them into Polish, being at the same time focused on a monolingual recipient and their cognitive comfort while not impoverishing and distorting the process of translation. Moreover, I will propose an approach which can be of assistance in achieving this goal, relying on French and Latin loanwords used in the Polish language.
Ukraine’s Voice Makes Russia Angry; Lithuania Speaks Boldly... Constructing attitudinal stance through personification of countries
Authors: Cibulskienė Jurga , Šeškauskienė Inesa
Published: January 2023

Personification, one of major types of metaphors often employed to express an attitude, is also an argumentative tool, especially in media texts on politically contested events. The present investigation aims at disclosing the attitudinal stance in personifying Ukraine, Russia, the Western countries and Lithuania in a corpus of texts collected from Lithuanian media in 2015–2018. The study relies on the three-step Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA, Charteris-Black 2004), involving three levels: linguistic, cognitive and rhetorical. More specifically, they include (1) identifying personification cases, (2) interpreting personification through cognitive metaphorical scenarios (Musolff 2016), and (3) explaining ideological implications encoded in the scenarios. The findings indicate that in the scenario of COMMUNICATION, Ukraine is mostly presented positively: active defender and in need of support, with occasional scepticism whether it is capable to change. The West, Lithuania including, is presented as a supporter, whereas Russia is viewed as a negatively evaluated antagonist.
Scare rhetoric as a device used to bolster Jewish fighting and pioneering spirit: David Ben-Gurion’s use of antithesis reference
Authors: Shakkour Aadel
Published: January 2023

In this article we examined Ben-Gurion’s scare rhetoric reflected in the antithesis relation as a device used to bolster the fighting and pioneering spirit of the Jewish people. We tried to show how Ben-Gurion strove to skew and manipulate the political discourse in order to raise the soldiers’ fighting morale, promote ideological positions on Zionist pioneering, and the Jewish people’s psychological fortitude, and, thus amplify its fighting spirit based on the belief that it would be the soldiers’ fighting spirit and faith in the justness of the war that would ultimately determine the outcome.
Nanowire-based integrated photonics for quantum information and quantum sensing
Authors: Chang Jin , Gao Jun , Esmaeil Zadeh Iman , Elshaari Ali W. , Zwiller Val
Published: January 2023

At the core of quantum photonic information processing and sensing, two major building pillars are single-photon emitters and single-photon detectors. In this review, we systematically summarize the working theory, material platform, fabrication process, and game-changing applications enabled by state-of-the-art quantum dots in nanowire emitters and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Such nanowire-based quantum hardware offers promising properties for modern quantum optics experiments. We highlight several burgeoning quantum photonics applications using nanowires and discuss development trends of integrated quantum photonics. Also, we propose quantum information processing and sensing experiments for the quantum optics community, and future interdisciplinary applications.
W-MPD–N-DMP-solutions of constrained quaternion matrix equations
Authors: Kyrchei Ivan I. , Mosić Dijana , Stanimirović Predrag
Published: January 2023

The solvability of several new constrained quaternion matrix equations is investigated, and their unique solutions are presented in terms of the weighted MPD inverse and weighted DMP inverse of suitable matrices. It is interesting to consider some exceptional cases of these new equations and corresponding solutions. Determinantal representations for the solutions of the equations as mentioned earlier are established as sums of appropriate minors. In order to illustrate the obtained results, a numerical example is shown.
High Quality Rna Isolation and Exogenous Reference Gene for Real-time Pcr In Cedrela Odorata Seed Physiology Studies
Authors: García-Valencia Liliana E. , Pérez-García Jocelyn Z. , Hernández-Flores Elena I. , García-Campusano Florencia
Published: January 2023

Seed banks represent an important strategy for the conservation of forest genetic resources, although a basic understanding of the physiological changes that seeds undergo during storage that affect quality and germination is still lacking for most tropical and subtropical species.
Here, we describe the optimisation of an RNA isolation procedure and reference gene normalisation for expression analysis in Cedrela odorata (cedro or Spanish cedar) seeds during different physiological states, as well as in the steady-state stem and leaf. The expression profiles of
five endogenous candidate reference genes ( 18S , EF1α , GAPDH , CDC27B , PP2A2 ) and an exogenous ( HMBS ) gene were evaluated by using dedicated algorithms, including Genorm, Normfinder, Bestkeeper and Ct. We found that the expression of all
endogenous genes varied considerably in response to both ageing and hydration. Therefore, using the external HMBS was a suitable alternative to evaluate gene expression in these highly contrasting physiological conditions. The reference genes EF1α and GAPDH were
the most stable, and could be used for normalisation of qRT-PCR results under specific circumstances.
Multivariate regression analysis of airline market recovery in the post-pandemic era
Authors: Lu Chien-tsung , Cheng Ming , Hosty Brendan , Xu Amy
Published: January 2023

While COVID-19 has substantially affected the airline industry, a business rebound is expected. To better anticipate the needed workforce, this study revisited economic datasets from the Federal Reserve Bank, Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and other essential resources to predict the market recovery. VOSviewer and multivariate regression analysis were used to identify critical research clusters and important variables of the emerging market recovery. Minitab was used to run the multivariate regression analysis and the correlation coefficients among selected variables were discovered. The result showed that strongly correlated variables for airline market recovery included Net Domestic Product (NDP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Real Disposable Personal Income (RDPI) in this study.
Microfinance banking: a strategy for small scale agricultural development in Nigeria
Authors: AA Isibor , JN Taiwo , AI Naomi
Published: January 2023

This study was carried out to examine Microfinance as a strategy of small scale agricultural development. In the course of this study, the covenant university microfinance banks was examined including the farmers in the covenant university farm, to accomplish the purpose of the three stated objectives, research questions hypothesis and then the research problem in the study. The relationship and significance between the independent and dependent variables were established using the primary source of data, which is to determine the strength and direction of each variable, through the linear regression model. Using this, the significance, effect and relationship between this independent and dependent variables is identified. Therefore microfinance should be seen as an important factor in agricultural development. In line with the study, this recommendations were given: Micro finance institutions should generate policies and programmes for the agricultural sector, developed infrastructure and adequate social services must be constantly provided at the farmers groups, the government should focus on land reforms, the agricultural sector should be treated as a priority sector, in this farmers groups, there should be further divisions made in which small and marginal farmers will be in a special group for direct income support, trade policies should be designed for sustainable agricultural growth and protection of agricultural markets, the government should emphasize on agriculture oriented research and education, misuse and diversification of land for non-agricultural activities must be stopped, microfinance institution should ensure market access and sales for small scale farmers, microfinance institutions should aid macro-economic development of the Nation Nigeria.
Sovereign wealth fund (SWF): a tool for diversifying Nigeria’s emerging economy
Authors: Kenneth Okechukwu Iloanya
Published: January 2023

Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) has continued to receive increasing global attention especially since after the last widespread financial crisis of 2008-2009.This study therefore attempted to understudy the phenomenon in the context of its usefulness as a tool for diversifying the economic horizon of some emerging economies like Nigeria. Adopting a qualitative approach to study the concept’s operation, drawbacks and benefits, the study found out that a sovereign wealth fund, when instituted and properly managed, can be used to stabilize or bail out an economy in distress, widen a country’s revenue generation window, provide social security to citizens of a country through pension payments, reduce poverty in society through the payment of periodic dividends, check profligate spending, create a pool of savings upon which the future generation can stand to face future challenges and create an opportunity for mutually beneficial cross pollination of management skills among states that subscribe to the Santiago Principle.
History of the belly dance: is it to entice men or a female’s rite of passage?
Authors: Otero Daniel
Published: January 2023

One of the most beautiful-classical forms of dance which has persisted since 220 B.C.E. (Before the Common Era) came from the Egyptian culture with its traditional ‘bedlah’ (suit‎) or suit. But it grew from the off-spring of the Arab Empire (Islamic expansions, 632-1492) and then spread towards India.1 It has been said or noted that from this dance style evolved the traditional patterns used by the Indian women with their saris, to the Romani (Gypsy) women while dancing flamenco in the medieval period, and the later burlesque techniques which flourished in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Belly dance didn’t only influence these latter cultures, but it further influenced in the ways of dress and fashion for females. A dance taken from humble origins and converted into something for the international spectrum to glorify the body of women who wished to be in contact with Mother Earth/Nature. This dance wasn’t only for a female’s rite of passage. It was modified through different times in history to be danced in the courts of the Imperial Palaces across the Middle East. Through time, even used by the infamous Mata Hari to spy on men and used to get information during World War I. Belly dance grew, and with time became part of the line-up of classical dances. Because it is one of the oldest and most enjoyed worldwide. With this paper, I intend to demonstrate that belly dancing isn’t only to entice. It is more than that, it can be adapted to a woman’s anatomy and give her way into womanhood.
Pregnancy induced ocular changes
Authors: Garg Pragati , Priyadarshi Apala , P Singh Swarastra , Sinha Parul
Published: January 2023

Pregnancy is often associated with ocular changes which may be more commonly transient but occasionally permanent. The ocular effects of pregnancy may be physiological or pathological or may be modifications of pre-existing conditions. The ophthalmological manifestations occurring during pregnancy may be pre-existing before pregnancy or may be aggravated or induced by pregnancy itself. Irrespective of the visual health status of the pregnant women, regular perinatal eye examination should be scheduled in order to assure continuous surveillance of healthy eyes. Careful surveillance for appropriate and timely diagnosis is imperative for understanding management. The aim of this review is to elaborate the physiological and pathological changes occurring in the eye during pregnancy and the needful management.
Cluster and regional level variation of hemoglobin concentration of ever-married women in Bangladesh: a linear mixed model approach
Authors: Islam Md Atiqul , Amin Ruhul , Al Islam Abdullah , Ferdous Rukhsana , Kawsar Luthful Alahi
Published: January 2023

Background: The hemoglobin protein plays an essential role in health and development in the human body. Women with inadequate Hb levels develop anemia. In light of the regional heterogeneity in Bangladesh, the aim of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with low Hb concentration in ever-married women. Methods: The study extracted data from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys (BDHS) conducted in 2011. Since the hemoglobin level was not measured in BDHS 2014 and BDHS 2017, the study used BDHS 2011. A total of 5,699 ever-married women aged (15-49) years were used in the study. Both descriptive and inferential statistics applied to answer the research questions. Multilevel linear mixed effect modelling was applied to identify the risk factors of hemoglobin level at different hierarchical levels simultaneously and the different level variations were observed. Results: The average age of women was 31 years with standard deviation of 9.33 years. The mean (SD) of hemoglobin level of women was 120.95 (81) g/L. The highest mean (SD) level of hemoglobin was found in the Khulna 122.48 (13.26) g/L and the lowest in the Barisal 119.61 (13.21) g/L. The multilevel model resulted that using the contraceptive method, pregnant women, married women, breastfeeding mother, age of mother, body mass index, and total children ever born had significant effect on the low hemoglobin level. Conclusion: Analyzing the individual, cluster, and regional influence, the current study determined the most relevant socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental risk factors for low hemoglobin levels of women in Bangladesh.
Multivariate analysis and machine learning in pediatric epilepsy research: A literature review
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: January 2023

Due to brain immaturity, pediatric epilepsy has some unique challenges and opportunities in seizure management. Multivariate analysis and machine learning methods have been increasingly used in childhood epilepsy, mainly in seizure detection and prediction, epileptogenic lesion identification, and clinical outcome prediction. In order to provide an overview of this field, this paper reviewed such studies and found that these methods have made it possible to detect seizures on electroencephalogram (EEG) and detect lesions on imaging automatically. In addition, although seizure occurrence has been regarded as random or unpredictable for long, it has been found that seizures may occur non-randomly in complex patient-specific patterns. Preictal changes on EEG can be detected and distinguished from interictal activities by machine learning approaches, which makes it possible to predict seizure occurrence, but there are significant obstacles in seizure prediction, for example, sufficient clinical data and good machine learning algorithms are needed to identify complex seizure occurrence patterns. Further, outcome studies using multivariate analysis and machine learning methods have identified outcome predictors for seizure outcome prediction. To make these relatively new methods accurate and reliable, confirmatory studies are warranted and further research is needed to improve these methods. It is anticipated that multivariate analysis and machine learning will contribute more to identifying complex seizure patterns, epileptogenic lesions, and outcome predictors to improve seizure detection/prediction, lesion detection, and seizure outcome prediction, which will lead to better seizure control to prevent seizure-related accidents/injury in children with epilepsy, reduce mortality rate, improve quality of life and eventually set them free from seizures.
Potential for focal magnetic resonance-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A review
Authors: Nethercott Laura , Foroudi Farshad , Jack Greg , Chin Stephen , Joon Daryl Lim , Chao Michael , Ping Ng Sweet
Published: January 2023

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Australian men. Current whole gland radiotherapy treatment regimens are associated with known toxicities. The MR-Linac has the capability to deliver real-time visually guided radiation to enable focal therapy and reduce toxicity through decreasing radiation doses to organs at risk. This review article discusses the rationale, potential benefits and limitations of the MR-Linac in focal prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), in an effort to reduce toxicity-related side effects for men with low to favourable-intermediate risk prostate cancer. Pubmed was systemically for all published and ongoing trials using the search terms ‘Prostate’ and ‘MRI Linac or MR Linac’. 8 articles were reviewed, of those 1 was deemed relevant, additions were made and expert opinions in the field were sought regarding the most relevant research. Real-time MRI imaging during the delivery of each fraction with daily plan adaption is now a reality due to the development of the MR-Linac system. It is hoped that with improved real-time imaging, treatment accuracy can be improved, increasing the percentage of the planning target volume receiving the prescribed dose while reducing radiation to the surrounding organs at risk. Early results of prostate SBRT are promising but further research is needed into long term survival benefits and toxicity related outcomes. Focal stereotactic radiotherapy for low-risk intermediate prostate cancer using the MR-Linac has the potential to provide adequate tumour control while decreasing the toxicity and quality of life impact of whole gland treatment for men with localised prostate cancer.
Neuromodulation for functional restoration: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: January 2023

This mini-review assessed recent studies of spinal cord stimulation and neuromuscular stimulation in spinal cord injury in order to provide an overview of recent advances in neuromodulation for functional restoration. Possible mechanisms of such motor recovery were analyzed, ways to improve neuromodulation for functional restoration were discussed, and future perspectives were outlined in this paper. Recent advancements in neuromodulation such as spinal cord stimulation and neuromuscular stimulation in spinal cord injury have made it possible for patients with incurable complete paralysis to recover motor function. The progress of recent neuromodulation studies in spinal cord injury have demonstrated the value and potential of neuromodulation in functional restoration. The effectiveness and precision of neuromodulation can be further improved by techniques such as closed-loop control, optogenetics, multi-modal stimulation and neuroimmune modulation, while its adverse effects can be reduced (e.g., by optimizing parameters) or minimized (e.g., by using non-invasive techniques). This has opened up new possibilities to use neuromodulation for other incurable neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Neuromodulation has great potential for restoring lost functions and reestablishing physiological homeostasis. To reach its full potential, much learning, research and development is needed. As neuromodulation technology advances, it is foreseeable that neuromodulation will achieve significant clinical effectiveness in functional restoration in the near future, which will bring cure to patients with incurable neurological diseases and relieve them from suffering.
Respiratory symptoms associated with electrocautery smoke: a systematic literature review
Authors: Acevedo Osorio German Oved
Published: January 2023

The smoke produced by the use of electro cauterization is formed by gaseous chemical compounds (gaseous phase) and by particle components (particulate phase) that can trigger harmful, local or systemic, reversible or irreversible effects in people who use this equipment. These chemicals can trigger genetic mutations and cancer in the human body. In addition to mutation and cancer, particles in the smoke of electro-cauterization can be inhaled and retained in the respiratory tract of workers, causing various respiratory signs and symptoms, including foreign body sensation in the throat, pharyngeal burning, nausea, and nasal congestion. It can also cause headache and eye irritation. Objective: To identify studies related to the presence of respiratory symptoms in health professionals related to the use of electrocautery. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in the databases and indexes: Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Proquest, Scielo, Schoolar Google. Original articles published between 2015-2020 were selected. For the extraction and synthesis of the content of the articles included, an Excel sheet was designed with the following variables: authors, title, year of publication, country and scientific journal; study objective, materials and methods, population and sampling, reported results. Results: A total of 121 articles were retrieved, of these 94 were excluded from the subsequent analysis due to the lack of appropriate data, the remaining 27 full-text studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria set out in the study, which were included in the review. It was possible to establish that there are risks when inhaling electrocautery smoke that can trigger chronic respiratory pathologies such as lung cancer
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Tunisian halophyte Suaeda mollis
Authors: Oueslati Samia , Kalai Feten Zar , Legault Jean , Pichette Andre , Abdelly Chedly , Ksouri Riadh
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of Tunisian Suaeda mollis specie after fractionation by increasing polarity of several extracts (Hexane, Dichloromerthane, Methanol and water). Water and methanol extracts of S. mollis exhibited the best in vitro antioxidant ability (2.92±0.19 and 2.77±0.21 µmol TE/mg, respectively), while, dichloromethane extract displayed the highest ex vivo antioxidant activity with an IC50 equal to 1.73 µg/ml. Besides, hexane extract showed an important anti-inflammatory effect inhibiting NO with 55.9% at 160 µg/ml. Finally, dichloromethane extract displayed a potent anticancer activity against cancerous cells A-549 with an IC50 equal to 70±7 µg/ml as well as non cancerous cells Detroit-551 and WS1 (IC50=81±1 and 62±5 µg/ml, respectively) using resazurin test. Moreover, hexane extract is efficient against Caco-2 (IC50=122 µg/ml). Overall, the results suggested that biological activities are influenced by solvent polarity and extractability.
Application of triangulation in qualitative research
Authors: Donkoh Sylvester
Published: January 2023

Quantitative and mixed-methods studies are more popular among Ghanaian researchers than qualitative studies. The preference for quantitative and mixed-methods studies originates from the notion that these are more scientific and rigorous, and produce generalizable findings and conclusions. Though qualitative studies appear difficult and laborious to design and conduct, and generally, the findings produced from qualitative studies seem not to be rigorous, qualitative studies can also produce robust findings and conclusions. Researchers who want to conduct qualitative studies must have good knowledge of the ontology, epistemology, and methodology of qualitative research. A vital skill qualitative researchers must possess to conduct quality research is the application of triangulation in qualitative research. The effect of the weaknesses of qualitative research on findings and conclusions can be minimized through the application of triangulation. The purpose of this article is to highlight the application of triangulation in qualitative research. It begins by explaining triangulation and its origin and then discusses the four main types of triangulation and how they can be applied in qualitative research
The evolution of cotton: all about the best cotton variety
Authors: Imran Qadir Muhammad , Kashan Javed Muhammad
Published: January 2023

The strains of BT bacterium produce approximately 200 different toxins known as BT-Toxins which are harmful for different insects most commonly against cotton bollworms(lepidopteran), butterflies, flies, and moths. So, scientist inserted the gene of Bacillus thuringiensis which was harmful for lepidopteran into the cotton crop so that gene produce toxin against lepidopteran and kill the pest and make the cotton crop resistant. we can get the good yield of cotton by using the simple concept of rational plant population which means that we will get the same quantity of cotton as much as we sow the seeds in the earth which can achieved by using the healthy seeds only. Bukhara-8 Variety shows higher resistance towards a salinity soil as compared to C-4727 and Omad varieties as well. cotton show 94% reduction in the feline covid (which is a common cat’s viral infection) upon the 2 hours contact with PHMB. that tetraploid (having four sets of homologous chromosomes) cotton has highest fiber quality as compared to other cotton varieties. we can’t forget the role of biotechnology in the evolution of cotton because it’s the biotechnology which give us BT-cotton or also known as Genetically Modified Cotton or GM cotton
The relationship between ants and fungal agriculture
Authors: I Tejeswini
Published: January 2023

Mutualism describes positive ecological interactions among species that benefit each other. There can be symbiosis when two different biological organisms interact closely for a long period of time. This symbiotic relationship can be mutualistic, communalistic, or parasitic. One such mutualistic relationship is shared between the Ants and Funguses. This relationship can be tri-way symbiosis also. In that case, ecosystems rely on interactions between fungi and plants, plants and ants and ants and fungi. But it is rare to find symbioses that involve all three partners. The cultivation of fungi thought various types of agricultural systems is considered as one of the prominent breakthroughs in ant evolution. The fungus-growing ants are commonly called as attines. The nests of these attines are made up of leaves and grasses, which they cut priory and then carry to their nests to grow fungus on which they feed on. An ant has been found to contain a bacterial symbiont that produces certain compounds that fight against infections caused by other group of fungi. These bacterial symbionts are from the genus Pseudonocardia.
A multidimensional approach to the elimination of tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Neha , Bhange Khushboo
Published: January 2023

Significant global efforts have been made in recent years to combat tuberculosis (TB) disease. Despite the fact that social and economic causes of TB have been well known for decades, the range of interventions has, until recently, been mostly restricted to the health domain. Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes tuberculosis, the second-deadliest infectious killer (after COVID-19), which typically damages the lungs. It can spread when TB patients cough or otherwise release bacteria into the air, which can spread the disease. To ensure that significant gaps in outcome-oriented research are recognized and filled, we must promote collaboration among all involved parties in tuberculosis research and control in order to optimise the impact of fundamental research. Consequently, a multisectoral and interdisciplinary strategy is necessary as the global health community works toward the pledges and goals established in two recent high-level political gatherings.
Position and orientation of hyoid bone in mouth breathing children: a cephalometric study
Authors: Vulcheva Zornitsa , Arnautska Hristina
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The importance of the hyoid bone is associated with its unique anatomical position. The hyoid bone is the only bone in the facial skeleton that attaches to other bones only with the help of muscles. Aim: The aim of this article is to make a cephalometric analysis of the craniofacial anatomy and position of the hyoid bone in children with mixed dentition who have difficult nasal breathing, habitual mouth breathing and a control group of nasal breathing children. Materials and methods: A total of 120 lateral cephalograms of children with mixed dentition were analyzed. The examined X-rays were divided into three groups: 50 lateral cephalograms of children with difficult nasal breathing; 18 lateral cephalograms of children with a habitual mouth breathing and 52 lateral cephalograms of nasal breathing children. To determine the position of the hyoid bone we used the method of Bibby and Preston.1 Results: When comparing the type of the hyoid triangle we found the presence of a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 24.97; p <0.001). In 84% of the children with nasal breathing difficulties there is a negative hyoid triangle and in only 16.00% a positive hyoid triangle. In the nasal breathing children, the positive triangle occurs in 84.60% of cases. In children with habitual mouth breathing the distribution is almost even. A significant difference was found when comparing the height of the negative triangle in children with nasal breathing difficulties and nasal breathing children (t = 6.06; p <0.001). Conclusion: In mouth breathing children there is a lower and posterior position of the hyoid bone compared to nasal breathing children. The negative triangle is characteristic for children, who have difficult nasal breathing, whereas the positive triangle is specific for nasal breathing children.
Distribution and diversity of the fungal pollution in repositories of the provincial historical archive of Villa Clara, Cuba
Authors: Borrego Sofía , Molina Alian , López Lourdes
Published: January 2023

The aims of this study were 1) To characterize the mycobiota in four niches [indoor air from repositories (IA), outdoor air (OA), collected dust of indoor environments (CD) and documents surface (DS)] of the Provincial Historical Archive of Villa Clara, 2) To evaluate the settleable dust loadings, 3) To determine the similarity of the isolated taxa in the analyzed niches and 4) To predict the potential risk the isolated fungal species. Form indoor air of three repositories and the outdoor air were sampled in June, 2017 and March, 2018 using a SAS sampler and the indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio was determined. The settled dust was collected passively during two years and the surface documents were sampled too. Sørensen's coefficient of similarity (QS) was calculated to compare the isolated taxa among the four studied niches. The extreme airborne fungal concentration in indoor environments was 515.5 CFU/m3 and the I/O ratios fluctuated from 1.0 to 1.5, evidencing a good environmental quality. The maximum settled dust load was 130.8 mg/m2/day with a top fungal concentration of 3x105 CFU/gdust, while the documents surface the highest concentration was 20 CFU/cm2. The obtained QSs were diverse: QS(IA-OA)=0.8-0.9, indicated a high species similarity; QS(IA-CD)=0.5-0.6, typical of moderate similarity; QS(IA-DS)=0.4, own of low similarity. This QS behavior showed that the repositories environment was strongly influenced by the outdoor environment. Aspergillus and Cladosporium were the predominant genera in indoor air, collected dust and documents surface. In these niches species predominance corresponding to the Aspergillus genus, in particular of the Flavi section was obtained. Some of the isolated species are opportunistic pathogens and toxigenic, and their concentrations were higher than the recommended, demonstrating the potential risk to which the archive personnel is exposed in a circumstantial way.
In-Hospital predictors of severity and mortality among neuro-covid patients: a covid-19 retrospectivecase control study
Authors: S Abdelaziz, Osama , Waffa Zuraiha
Published: January 2023

Background: Global studies have exemplified that COVID-19 has neurological manifestations. This study gives an insight to the impact of COVID-19 on the nervous system in Alexandria, Egypt and identifies in-hospital predictors of severity and mortality among Neuro-COVID patients. Methods: This single centre, retrospective case-control study was conducted from August 1st, 2020 to January 31st, 2021, on patients admitted at the COVID-19 Isolation Hospital in Alexandria University, Egypt. A Neuro-COVID patient was defined as any patient with confirmed COVID-19 disease and evidence of one or more new onset nervous system clinical presentation. Results: Out of 1073 in-patients, 352 were Neuro-COVID patients (183 [52%] females and 169 [48%] males). The mean age was 36.64 ± 18.97 years and 161 (45.7%) had comorbidities. Most common involvement was neuromusculoskeletal system (240 [68.2%]), followed by central nervoussystem (164 [46.6%]) and peripheral nervous system (125 [35.5%]), whereas, psychiatric disorders (4 [1.1%]) were the least common. Myalgia (215 [61.1%]); anosmia (118 [33.5%]); headache (100 [28.4%]); ageusia (80 [22.7%]); altered level of consciousness (56 [15.9%]); arthralgia (43 [12.2%]) and dizziness (12 [3.4%]) were predominant presentations. Female Neuro-COVID patients were twice as more likely to be critical than moderate (P =0.030). Critical cases with nervous system presentations manifested 12 times higher risk of death when compared to severe cases (P <0.001). Conclusions: Nervous system involvement was predominant and clinically significant in COVID-19. Disease severity was identified as an independent predictor of mortality in hospitalised Neuro-COVID patients.
Geopropolis: taxonomic dependence and compositional drawbacks
Authors: Salatino Antonio , Regnier Leonardo , Faria Salatino Maria Luiza
Published: January 2023

The contents of total ashes and ethanol soluble substances were determined for propolis samples from species of two Meliponini genera: Melipona and Scaptotrigona. All Melipona samples corresponded to geopropolis (propolis containing aggregated soil material), with ash contents above 40%. Only one species of Scaptotrigona was shown to produce geopropolis, but with ash content (12%) much lower than Melipona samples. In Melipona a high negative correlation was observed between ash and ethanol solubles. Not only aggregated soil may contribute to lower the content of ethanol solubles. It is hypothesized that wax content may have a similar influence.
The agricultural futures market in low development countries: a policy to respond to the volatility of prices?
Authors: Diotallevi Francesco
Published: January 2023

This work discusses the possibility, or rather the effectiveness, of the use of agricultural futures as a means of hedging to minimize exposure to price risk. In particular, the analysis refers to "low-development countries" (LDCs), countries in which agricultural products play a prominent role and in which the process of market liberalization, which took place following the removal of state intervention, is determining an increasing exposure to price volatility. Knight's uncertainty is said to make both producers and speculators more risk averse, hence more conservative. In particular, when the futures price is well above the expected spot price (adjusted for the Knightian uncertainty), the optimal position for the producer is a total hedge of his production, while the optimal position for the speculator consists in not operating at all in the market. We can limit ourselves to observing that if a single producer and a single speculator operate in the market, the equilibria that can be reached are three: of complete exchange, of non-exchange and of partial exchange. The possibility of obtaining one of the three equilibria depends on the degree of risk aversion and the degree of Knightian uncertainty possessed by each of the two different subjects. Access to the capital market is a crucial element for the development of agriculture, both in the start-up phase and in the improvement phase. The search for new capital and new tools to facilitate market access requires a high degree of trust on the part of financial market operators, a trust that is often compromised by the low profitability of loans and the high risk associated with them. The exposure to risk of agricultural activities limits, in fact, the interest of traditional finance, reducing the availability of capital to the few remaining resources within the sector itself after the flight to more attractive alternative uses. Hence the need to introduce new financial and insurance techniques and services, such as to guarantee the agricultural sector the capital necessary for growth and, at the same time, attractive return opportunities for investors. Specifically, it is stated that one of the most profitable paths to follow in this regard is implementation within all EU member states of particular agricultural reforms that introduce risk management techniques in agriculture already successfully implemented by the U.S.A.1
Female genital mutilation in northern upper Egypt: prospects reasons for performing and refusin
Authors: Hassan Hanan Elzeblawy , Abd ELhakam Fatima Hosny , Zakria Momen , Syed Rasha El
Published: January 2023

Background: Female Genital Mutilation was reported during a papyrus from 163BC. Within the third century, Soranos who are taken into account as the father of obstetrics and gynecology described the procedure of FGM. Herodotus also pronounced the excision of female external genitalia in Egypt dated back to the primary century, Rome, Pre-Islamic Arabia, and therefore the Tsarist Russian Federation. Aim: The study was conducted to assess prospects reasons for performing and refusing female genital mutilation in Northern Upper Egypt. Subject & methods: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study was used to achieve the aim of the current study. The study was conducted in family health centers (FHCs) in different sitting at Beni-Suef Governorate. Convenient sample was used. A pre-designed structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire is divided into two sections: (1) socio-demographic and personal characteristics; (2) Reasons for practicing FGM/C and reasons for refusing FGM. Results: The main reasons for performing FGM/C as mentioned; were traditions and culture, religious requirements, and to decrease the sexual desire of females (77.4%, 21.7 %, and 14.4%), respectively. The main reasons for refusing FGM/C were complications, not necessary, and problems between wife and husband (47.3%, 10.3%, and 9.4%), respectively. The main sources information about FGM/C were personal experience & friends or neighbors (71.3% & 36.2%), respectively. Conclusion: Traditions and culture was the main reason for performing FGM/C, followed by religious requirements, and to decrease the sexual desire of females. Health consequences of FGM/C were the main reason for refusing the procedure, followed by females who stated that FGM/C is not necessary, and problems caused between wife and husband related to FGM. Recommendations: Increase awareness about FGM/C law against all parties, whether parents seeking to perform FGM/C or health care workers or other persons participating in performing FGM/C.
Contentious politics over authority and control of the Cameroon development corporation’s surrendered land in Fako division-Cameroon
Authors: Fonjong Lotsmart
Published: January 2023

Land embodies power, wealth, and meaning, especially in Africa. Thus, analysing the dynamics of land access and their effects thereof requires and examination how land is accessed, the actors and institutions that mediate access and the strategies used by different groups to gain access and control. This paper is guided by the interactionist approach entwined around the theories of theory of ‘Power’ and that of ‘Access’. We explore how power relations and the institutional/regulatory frameworks enabled or constrained practices by which people gain access to land in Cameroon’s administrative division of Fako. The paper reveals that the fragmented and overlapping mosaics mechanisms of land governance and territorial control, have a direct impact on local people (Bakweri)’s realities including their agency to respond to changes in the politico-legal and social framework. These are not just arenas of negotiation but also of social disputes and conflicts. We agree in our analysis with several authors who have observed that access to land is often contested and conflictual as political and economic forces constantly transform land relations. In fact, in Cameroon, politico-legal institutions continue to exist in parallel with customary institutions. However, the issue arises when local actors try to secure their rights to natural resources by having their customary access claims recognized as legitimate property by politico-legal institutions.
Working conditions and risk management in organizations
Authors: Sotelo Victoria
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the issue of working conditions and risk management in organizations. To do this, we will first analyze the classical methods of analysis of working conditions used by sociology; secondly, we will address the issue of the new risks that arise in working conditions under the new forms of work organization; and, thirdly, we will cite the theories that incorporate risk in the field of organizational management. All this combining a rich theoretical discussion taking the theory of Ülrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, as well as empirical reference around the subject.
The ‘how’ of HIV infection matters: social judgments and responsibility attribution in the context of the AIDS epidemic
Authors: Papathanasiou Chrysovalantis , Apostolidis Themis
Published: January 2023

eople living with HIV are frequently blamed for their health condition, especially in case they became infected with the virus through behaviour that is considered as non-normative. The aim of the current study was to explore the impact of HIV representations and prevailing social norms on judgments about people living with HIV. The study had a quasi-experimental design and was conducted on a sample of 240 university students, completing their pedagogical studies degree. The participants were asked to read a vignette depicting a fictitious character that was infected by HIV through different modes of transmission (heterosexual contact, homosexual contact, IV drug use, blood transfusion) and make their judgments. The results indicated that judgments were influenced by respondents’ representations about the disease (contagious vs. infectious) and the social status of the HIV-positive person (deviant vs. non-deviant). Specifically, the participants who adopted a contagionist approach on HIV tended to hold more negative attitudes towards people living with HIV than those who perceived HIV as a transmissible disease. Furthermore, the participants appeared to be more judgmental towards persons who got infected through IV drug use or homosexual contact (norm-violating behaviours), than those who got infected through heterosexual contact or blood transfusion (normative behaviours). Overall, the results support the experimental hypothesis that responsibility attribution is based on the social desirability of the behaviours that were associated with the disease.
The digital age, the alternate bridge in the age of global uncertainty
Authors: Mendoza Camilo Armando Chavarria
Published: January 2023

The current events that our society lives have marked the future of generations. The new reality imposed a legacy in a short time affecting all the existing communication bridges that with effort and years of work were built. The human being is a changing entity and adaptable to the situation that is presented to him, he will look for a means to solve and satisfy his needs, so the change in his environment is a way of growing ideas that will prolong his stay in his natural habitat. Having access to the media will fill those who possess it with knowledge, but it will also create a long gap that separates those who lack the equipment to obtain it. The following study reflects in a personal way the experiences that are shaping in a transcendental way a future that was not planned and that has caused a global commotion, but that at the local level still struggles to adapt to the margins that have been imposed to stand firm in the storm.
Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the national security and development of El Salvador
Authors: Fuentes Daniel Lopez
Published: January 2023

Covid 19 is taking a heavy toll on individuals, families, communities, and societies around the world. Daily lives have been significantly transformed, economies have entered recession and many of the traditional social, economic, and public health networks have had to change their activities, creating a new normal. In this sense, the Armed Forces of El Salvador to be the guarantor entity of generating support to the State institutions in charge of giving health to Salvadorans. This will generate greater confidence and admiration on the part of the civilian population, but in general it will enhance the National Security and Development of El Salvador.