bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of EGFR mutation and its relation with high-risk predictors in thyroid cancer in Kashmiri population: 2 years prospective study at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mir Tariq Ahmad , Qadir Ajaz , Wani Munir Ahmad , Wani Muzafar Maqsood
Published: October 2022

Background

EGFR mutation has not been extensively studied in thyroid cancer. This study was conducted to study spectrum of EGFR mutation in thyroid cancer in Kashmiri population for possible therapeutic purpose.

Methods

It was 2 years prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center in which histologically confirmed, untreated thyroid cancers were included. These specimens were subjected to EGFR mutation analysis by AS-PCR method.

Results

There were a total 60 patients with preponderance of females [44(73%) vs 16(27%)]. Most were in the age group of less than 45 years (75%). Most of these patients were non-smokers [50(83.3%) vs 10 (17.3%)]. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the commonest type 48(80%), rest was follicular type (FTC) 12(20%). Well-differentiated carcinoma (WDC) was common than poorly differentiated (PDC) [41(68.4%) vs 19 (31.6%)]. Lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion were present in 32 (53.4%) and 17 (28.4%) respectively. Thirty-two (53.3%) patients were having 15 bp deletion in exon 19 of EGFR. These deletions were common in PTC than FTC, 29(60.5%) vs 3(25%) which was statistically significant (p = 0.04, CI = 0.2). The total mutational rate of T790M in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain (exon 20) was found to be only 8.4% (5 of 60). Only 4 (8.3%) of these mutations were detected in PTC and rest in FTC (1 of 12). Twenty-six (43.3%) of exon 21 were positive for L858R mutation in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain. Married persons and PDC were significant predictors of L858R mutation in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain in thyroid cancer as this was statistically significant in them with p = 0.04, 0.03 respectively.

Conclusion

In our population, PTC is common in females with half of population harboring EGFR mutation and it is statistically significant in poorly differentiated carcinoma and in married individuals.

It implies that EGFR may be used in thyroid cancer as a possible therapeutic agent in our set of population.
Role of cardiovascular computed tomography parameters and lungs findings in predicting severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Mousa Mahmoud , Matar Marwan , Matar Mohammad , Jaber Sadi , Jaber Fouad S. , Al Ajerami Yasser , Falak Amjad , Abujazar Mohammed , Oglat Ammar A. , Abu-Odah Hammoda
Published: October 2022

Background

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most patients experienced various respiratory and cardiovascular problems, and their health suddenly deteriorated despite active treatment. Many parameters have been used to assess patient health status. However, few have considered chest computed tomography (CCT) and lung findings to predict patient outcomes. This single-centre retrospective observational study was conducted between December 2020 and March 2021 at the European Gaza Hospital to predict the mortality of COVID-19 patients based on their CCT parameters and lung involvement scores.

Results

A total of 152 patients with severe respiratory symptoms were admitted during the study period, of which 93 (61.2%) improved and 59 (38.8%) died. Deceased patients showed a significantly higher right pulmonary diameter, cardiothoracic ratio, and ground glass with crazy paving opacity (p < 0.05). A cardiothoracic ratio ≥ 0.49 was associated with significantly higher mortality risk (p < 0.05) and a fourfold higher hazard ratio (p < 0.05) compared to < 0.49.

Conclusions

Assessing cardiac indices on CCT could provide prognostic information and guide physicians in patient management and risk stratification.
Online equivalent parameter estimation using BPANN controller with low-frequency signal injection for a sensorless induction motor drive
Authors: Banerjee Tista , Bera Jitendra Nath
Published: October 2022

The development of a sensorless induction motor drive is elaborated in this paper with a unique feature of online estimation of equivalent circuit parameters (ECPs) during its running condition. The cases like temperature rise of the motor, change in drive speed due to sudden changes in its loading, or even in supply voltage are the sources of error in accurate ECPs evaluation. The indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) scheme is adopted in its controller to deal with these challenges. The drive controller is designed with a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) having two models—one is the plant model to estimate the ECPs during running conditions while the other one is the reference model. The H-G diagram method is utilized in the reference model to estimate the reference ECPs (ECPR) before starting without the need of performing any physical tests on the motor. During the transition period of the drive, the feedback signal is fed to the reference model to generate the ECPR. The technique of the backpropagation algorithm with an artificial neural network (BPANN) is utilized in the plant model while its weight and gain parameters are tuned with the reference ECPs. The Adam rule is utilized for fast convergence of the BPANN weights during the transition period while stator temperature and speed feedback enhance the overall accuracy in ECPs. A discrete-time low-frequency signal injection-based resistance assessment and sensorless speed estimation method to determine inductances are adopted for minimizing the ECPs errors. The results from MATLAB-based simulation and a hardware prototype using a DSPIC microcontroller with different running conditions show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Mortality in psychotic depression: 18-year follow-up study
Authors: Paljärvi Tapio , Tiihonen Jari , Lähteenvuo Markku , Tanskanen Antti , Fazel Seena , Taipale Heidi
Published: October 2022

Background

Evidence on the role of co-occurring psychiatric disorders in mortality associated with psychotic depression is limited.

Aims

To estimate the risk of cause-specific mortality in psychotic depression compared with severe non-psychotic depression while controlling for comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Method

This cohort study used routine data from nationwide health registers in Finland. Eligible participants had their first diagnosis for psychotic depression or for severe non-psychotic depression between the years 2000 and 2018, had no pre-existing diagnoses for schizophrenia spectrum disorders or bipolar disorder, and were aged 18–65 years at the index diagnosis. Causes of death were defined by ICD-10 codes. The follow-up time was up to 18 years.

Results

We included 19 064 individuals with incident psychotic depression and 90 877 individuals with incident non-psychotic depression. Half (1199/2188) of the deaths in those with psychotic depression occurred within 5 years from the index diagnosis and the highest relative risk was during the first year after the diagnosis. Compared with individuals with non-psychotic depression, those with psychotic depression had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.48–1.70), suicides (aHR = 2.36, 95% CI 2.11–2.64) and fatal accidents (aHR 1.63, 95% CI 1.26–2.10) during the subsequent 5-year period after the index diagnosis.

Conclusions

Psychotic symptoms markedly added to the mortality risk associated with severe depression after controlling for psychiatric comorbidity. Prompt treatment and enhanced monitoring for psychotic symptoms is warranted in all patients with severe depression to prevent deaths because of suicides and other external causes.
Quality Improvement in Itself Changes Your Thinking: Lessons From Disseminating Quality Improvement Methods Through a Multisite International Collaborative Palliative Care Project in India
Authors: Satija Aanchal , Lorenz Karl A. , Spruijt Odette , Ganesh Archana , Singh Nainwant , Connell Natalie B. , Gamboa Raziel C. , Fereydooni Soraya , Chandrashekaran Shivani , Hennings Tayler , Giannitrapani Karleen F. , Bhatnagar Sushma
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE

Seven major palliative care (PC) centers in India were mentored through the Palliative Care—Promoting Assessment and Improvement of the Cancer Experience (PC-PAICE) by US and Australian academic institutions to implement a quality improvement (QI) project to improve the accessibility and quality of PC at their respective centers. The objective was to evaluate the experiences of teams in implementing QI methods across diverse geographical settings in India.

METHODS

A quota sampling approach was used to elicit perspectives of local stakeholders at each site. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research informed development of a semistructured interview guide. Analysis leveraged deductive and inductive approaches.

RESULTS

We interviewed 44 participants (eight organizational leaders, 12 clinical leaders, and 24 team members) at seven sites and identified five themes. (1) Implementing QI methods enabled QI teams to think analytically to solve a complex problem and to identify resources. (2) Developing a problem statement by identifying specific gaps in patient care fostered team collaboration toward a common goal. (3) Making use of QI tools (eg, A3 process) systematically provided a new, straightforward QI toolkit and improved QI teams' conceptual understanding. (4) Enhancing stakeholder engagement allowed shared understanding of QI team members' roles and processes and shaped interventions tailored to the local context. (5) Designing less subjective processes for patient care such as assessment scales to identify patient's symptomatic needs positively changed work practices and culture.

CONCLUSION

Engaging and empowering multiple stakeholders to use QI methods facilitated the expansion and improvement of PC and cancer services in India. PC-PAICE demonstrated an efficient, effective way to apply QI methods in an international context. The impact of PC-PAICE is being magnified by developing a cadre of Indian QI leaders.
Evaluating the Addition of Clinical and Staging Data to Improve the Pricing Methodology of the Oncology Care Model
Authors: Dreyer Theresa R.F. , Hamilton Emily , Dahl Alyssa , Desai Bijal , Kircher Sheetal , Polite Blase , Schroeder Cynthia , Fukui Mayumi , Hayes-Lattin Brandon , Horvath Keith A.
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE:

The Oncology Care Model (OCM) is the largest value-based care model focusing on oncology, but the current pricing methodology excludes relevant data on the cancer stage and current clinical status, limiting the precision of the risk adjustment.

METHODS:

This analysis evaluated 15,580 episodes of breast cancer, lung cancer, and multiple myeloma, starting between July 1, 2016, and January 1, 2020, with data from a cohort of OCM practices affiliated with academic medical centers. The authors merged clinical data with claims for OCM episodes defined by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation to identify potential quality improvement opportunities. The regression model evaluated the association of the cancer stage at initial diagnosis and current clinical status with variance to the OCM target price.

RESULTS:

Cancer stage at the time of initial diagnosis was significant for breast and lung cancers, with stage IV episodes having the highest losses of –$6,700 (USD) for breast cancer ( P < .001) and –$18,470 (USD) for lung cancer ( P < .001). Current clinical status had a significant impact for all three cancers in the analysis, with losses correlated with clinical complexity. Breast cancer and multiple myeloma episodes categorized as recurrent or progressive disease had significantly higher losses than stable episodes, at –$6,755 (USD) for breast ( P < .001) and –$19,448 (USD) for multiple myeloma ( P < .001). Lung cancer episodes categorized as initial diagnosis had significantly fewer losses than stable episodes, at –$3,751 (USD) ( P = .001).

CONCLUSION:

As the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation designs and launches new oncology-related models, the agency should adopt methodologies that more accurately set target prices, by incorporating relevant clinical data within cancer types to minimize penalizing practices that provide guideline-concordant cancer care.
Rethinking Thomas Paine and the Origins of the Basic Income Proposal
Authors: Camporesi Alberto Tena
Published: October 2022

In current research, there is a widespread idea that the history of the universal basic income proposal begins with Thomas Paine and his famous pamphlet Agrarian Justice, published in Paris in 1797 in the context of the French Revolution and under its intellectual influence. In this article, the author rescues a largely unknown text by Paine published without a title under the pen name “Amicus” in the Pennsylvania Magazine in 1775. The transcript demonstrates that he was already reflecting on the proposal at least twenty years earlier, shortly after he arrived in the American colonies. The debates and discussions in which Paine wants to intervene cannot be the same in Wilkes's England as in revolutionary France. Locating the proposal of a universal basic income in this context has important implications for the history of its conception. It compels us to highlight the importance of Paine's experience as an exciseman in England, as well as the context of popular radicalism and religious dissent that prevailed in the country at the start of the Industrial Revolution.
The Pivot
Authors: Bliwise Robert J.
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic presented higher education with an unprecedented challenge: How could institutions continue the basic work of teaching and research while maintaining safe environments for their faculty, staff, and students? In The Pivot, Robert J. Bliwise traces Duke University’s response to the pandemic to show how higher education broadly met that challenge head-on. Bliwise interviews people across the campus: from bus drivers and vaccine researchers to student activists, dining hall managers, and professors in areas from English to ecology. He explores the shift to teaching online and the reshaping of research programs; how surveillance testing and reconfiguring residence halls and dining sites helped limit the virus spread on campus; the efforts to promote student well-being and to sustain extracurricular programs; and what the surge in COVID-19 cases meant for the university health system. Bliwise also shows how broad cultural conversations surrounding the 2020 presidential election, climate change, free speech on campus, and systemic racism unfolded in this changed campus environment. Although the pandemic put remarkable pressures on the campus community, Bliwise demonstrates that it ultimately reaffirmed the importance of the campus experience in all its richness and complexity.
Impact of the Insoluble Gas Concentration on Measured Stroke Volume at Rest and Submaximal Exercise Using the Innocor Device
Authors: REYNOLDS ELI , CURRY KARRIE , BARTON GREGORY , CHANDRA ALVIN , CRANDALL CRAIG G. , BERRY JARETT D.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The Innocor® device uses an insoluble gas (SF6) to estimate lung volume and the rate of disappearance of a soluble gas (nitrous oxide) to measure pulmonary blood flow (PBF), which approximates cardiac output assuming no shunt. We sought to identify error in the measurement of the insoluble gas in an effort to reduce variation in Innocor® measurement.

Methods

We enrolled 28 participants from the Dallas Heart Study (mean age, 63 yr; 57% men; 43% White). Stroke volume was measured at rest and at submaximal (20 and 40 W) exercise using both echocardiography (Philips iE33) and the Innocor® device. We defined a priori peak and equilibrium SF6 measurement errors as greater or less than 20% of the mean observed value. Three Innocor measurements were obtained at rest (n = 27) for a total of 81 measurements. Of these, 22% had SF6 measurements that fell outside of the a priori range.

Results

Resting Innocor® stroke volume measures with peak SF6 measured above a priori range (>0.12%) was associated with larger stroke volumes compared with stroke volume measures without peak SF6 error (101.4 [26.8] vs 64.9 [8.7] mL; P = 0.006) and overestimated stroke volume when compared with stroke volume by echo (101.4 [26.8] vs 59.9 [16.3] mL; P = 0.017). A similar pattern was observed at submaximal exercise. In contrast, there was no consistent association between variation in equilibrium SF6 concentrations and measured stroke volume.

Conclusions

Variability in peak SF6 concentration is common while using the Innocor® device and results in overestimated stroke volume. These findings have implications for research protocols using this device.
Feasibility of an intervention for increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in primary school physical education: a study protocol
Authors: WONG Lan Sum , Muirhead Fiona , Powell Emma , Woodfield Lorayne A , Stewart Cameron , Reilly John J
Published: October 2022

Background:  Most primary school Physical Education (PE) has relatively little health-enhancing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). - A promising theory and evidence-based intervention, the ‘SHARP Principles’ model, has been effective in making PE lessons more active in one area of England. This protocol paper explains the rationale for use of the SHARP intervention, and the methods used to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a version of SHARP translated for use in Scotland (SHARP Scotland).

Methods: The feasibility of SHARP Scotland will be evaluated by key areas of focus for feasibility studies: Acceptability, Implementation, Integration, Limited Efficacy Testing. A combination of process measures, including observations, session delivery records, accelerometry-data collection, questionnaires, and semi-structured qualitative focus groups with teachers and pupils will be used. The feasibility and suitability of the SHARP Scotland intervention for a future Randomised Control Trial (RCT) will be assessed. The study will involve children from 8-11 years old (Primary 4 to 6) in two schools, one large urban school, and one smaller school; four classes will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (will be taught by class teachers with SHARP approach training), and four classes randomly assigned to the usual-care (standard curriculum) control group (taught by class teachers without SHARP training). Within the 8-week intervention, MVPA in the intervention group will be targeted by encouraging class teachers to deliver their PE classes in more active ways, following SHARP Principles. A maximum of 64 PE lessons delivered in a SHARP way will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.

Discussion: The outcome of this study will be an assessment of whether applying the SHARP intervention is feasible in Scottish schools. Identification of any modifications to the intervention or evaluation which are required will provide insight for a fully powered effectiveness trial in the future, if appropriate.
Smoking behavior intervention based on implicit approach: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Hamdan Stephani Raihana , Moeliono Marisa F. , Srisayekti Wilis
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Indonesia is the country with the highest smoking rate in Southeast Asia and the third-highest globally. Smoking has become one of Indonesia's biggest addiction problems. The goal of this research is to develop smoking behavior intervention based on an implicit approach.

Methods: This article contains a two-step study that was part of a comprehensive study on smoking behavior in Indonesia. The first study, applying measurement of Stroop task to 117 male-university-students with results revealed that smoking behavior was associated with attention bias. This result is the basis for developing an implicit approach-based intervention. In the second study, the research aims to develop an intervention by investigating the effects of the experimental retraining by manipulating the automatic-avoidance-action tendencies using an approach-avoidance task (AAT) on 40 male university student smokers that proved to have an attentional bias in the first study.

Results: The outcomes of the studies showed that the retraining (six weeks, twice a week) proved to shape the AAT effect and reduce the cigarettes consumption of the smokers. This pilot research becomes initial step to develop smoking cessation interventions in Indonesia using an implicit cognition approach.
Effectiveness, survival and safety of guselkumab attending to basal characteristics in moderate-to-severe psoriatic patients: a cohort study
Authors: Ruiz-Villaverde Ricardo , Rodriguez-Fernandez-Freire Lourdes , Armario-Hita Jose C. , Pérez-Gil Amalia , Vasquez Chinchay Fiorella , Galán-Gutiérrez Manuel
Published: October 2022

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease which can impact quality of life. In the past decade multiple biologic treatments have been released with encouraging results. Guselkumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-23p19. Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in psoriasis, but response differences among patient subpopulations have not been extensively reported. Furthermore, patients in real life are often non-eligible for clinical trials and their responses may differ from pivotal studies.

Methods: This is a retrospective, observational study of real clinical practice of patients receiving guselkumab treatment in Spain. Patients treated with guselkumab were included between February 2019 to December 2021. This study evaluates the potential differential effect of baseline demographic and disease characteristics on therapeutic responses to guselkumab. We measured effectiveness and survival by the psoriasis area and severity index, the dermatology life quality index as well as Kaplan meier curves, respectively. Categorical and quantitative variables are reported with frequencies, and with mean and standard deviation, respectively. Differences between groups in psoriasis area and severity index and dermatology life quality index, were calculated using a mixed-effects analysis. Survival was calculated using Kaplan meier curves and log-rank tests.

Results: A total of 87 patients were included. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and survival of guselkumab attending to demographic characteristics. No differences in psoriasis area and severity index or dermatology life quality index baseline values or therapeutic responses were noted at 52 weeks of follow-up among all the subgroups analysed (age, sex, psoriasis duration, body mass index, and comorbidities). A difference in drug survival was only seen between gender groups.

Conclusions: Our research has demonstrated the consistency of guselkumab effectiveness across patient subgroups. No baseline features affected the effectiveness or drug survival of guselkumab, except for lower drug survival in female patients.
abmAnimalMovement: An R package for simulating animal movement using an agent-based model
Authors: Marshall Benjamin Michael , Duthie Alexander Bradley
Published: October 2022

Animal movement datasets are growing in number and depth, and researchers require a growing number of analytical approaches to adequately answer questions using movement datasets. As the complexity of questions and analyses increase, deciding on the best approach both in terms of study design and analysis can become more difficult. A potential solution is to simulate an array of synthetic datasets under varying study designs and simulation parametrisations to gain insight into the impact of analysis choice(s) in different contexts. The abmAnimalMovement R package provides the means of simulating animal movement for this purpose. The abmAnimalMovement simulations use a discrete time agent-based model and does not require previous movement data as an input. The simulations include a number of key internal and external movement influences, as well as parameters for navigation and mobility capacity of the animal. Internal influences include three predefined behavioural states (e.g., rest, explore, forage) and any number of activity cycles (e.g., diel, seasonal). External influences are implemented via matrices describing landscape characteristics (e.g., shelter quality, foraging resources, movement ease), and predefined points describing shelter sites and points the animal aims to avoid. Navigation capacity is defined by the range the animal can dynamically choose a foraging location to which it is subsequently attracted. Mobility capacity is implemented by user defined distributions, from which step length and turn angles are draw at each time step, governing the possible subsequent locations of the animal. Critically, the navigation capacity (the choice of destination) operates on a different time scale to the mobility capacity, allowing the internal state of the animal to differ from the observed movements. When combined with other emergent properties, such as site fidelity generated via repeated shelter site use, the simulations offer opportunities to test whether movement analyses can accurately recover hidden mechanisms, states, and drivers.
Potential impact of artificial intelligence on the emerging world order
Authors: Vijayakumar Anupama
Published: October 2022

The fast-paced diffusion of technologies broadly falling under the umbrella of artificial intelligence (AI) is said to be shaping the emerging world order in international relations (IR). It is expected that the global AI race will pave the way for another rise and fall of great powers in the international system, similar to the impact caused by the three industrial revolutions of the past. The literature in IR identifies three major powers – namely, the United States of America (USA), China, and Russia, as the leading contenders in this AI race. The ongoing AI-enabled fourth industrial revolution is all the more unique due to the markedly different approaches these three powers have adopted for integrating AI into their military, political, and socio-economic spheres. The AI strategies of these countries further reflect their capabilities and intentions towards how they plan on employing the technology to elevate their prestige and power status in the international system. This paper draws from a historiography of the First, Second, and Third Industrial Revolutions to study how technological innovations have altered relative power capabilities of nations, triggering a re-ordering of power hierarchies at a systemic level. Drawing from this understanding, it analyses the nature of AI as an emerging technology and assesses whether it can cause systemic alterations. It critically examines and compares the AI strategies of the USA, China, and Russia as leading contenders in the global AI race and outlines their strengths and weaknesses. It further draws from the Adoption Capacity Theory to argue that the AI race may well be determined by the relative capacity of the major institutions in each of these countries to manage and adapt to the disruptions this technology is bound to bring to the fore.
The use of vinylcyclohexene diepoxide to create diminish ovarian reserve model on rats
Authors: Ekapatria Christofani , Permadi Wiryawan , Tobing Maringan Diapari Lumban , Dhamayanti Meita , Mose Johanes Cornelius
Published: October 2022

Background: Infertility remains a significant issue in the world of health. Now Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is widely used to help couples with infertility. In ART diminish ovarian reserve patients have a very low success rate of pregnancy. To help patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR), research is conducted using an animal model. vinylcychlohexene diepoxide (VCD) has ovotoxic effects. This study looked at the use of VCD in inducing targeted DOR conditions in animals (rats), create a model that could be used for future animal studies in infertility.

Methods: Adult female Rattus norvegicus were used in this study. All were given VCD injections at 80 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 15 days. An examination of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels will be carried out on days 0,3,5,7, and 15. To mimic IVF process, all rats got an injection of 10 IU of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) and 10 IU human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) to confirm DOR. Ovarectomy was performed, dominant follicles were taken, denudation was carried out, and the oocytes were cultured for 12 hours. Then, oocytes were assessed through a microscope.

Results: Starting from day 5 post VCD induction, there was a significant increase in the FSH level in the group of rats that were induced with the administered VCD dose compared to the control group that experienced normal FSH fluctuations. The FSH concentration reached >50%. It was found that the number of degenerated oocytes had an average of 1.11. Oocytes that were in Germinal-Vesicle (GV) stage had an average of 1.89, while in the Metaphase I (M1) stage the average is 2.882. Lastly, the number of oocytes in the Metaphase (MII) stage which is fully matured had an average of 1.117.

Conclusions: VCD can become an important tool for future studies that needs an animal model with DOR.
Integration of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to reveal the glioblastoma heterogeneity
Authors: Perdyan Adrian , Lawrynowicz Urszula , Horbacz Monika , Kaminska Bozena , Mieczkowski Jakub
Published: October 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM), a deadly brain tumor, is still one of the few lasting challenges of contemporary oncology. Current therapies fail to significantly improve patient survival due to GBM’s tremendous genetic, transcriptomic, immunological, and sex-dependent heterogeneity. Over the years, clinical differences between males and females were characterized. For instance, higher incidence of GBM in males or distinct responses to cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy between males and females have been noted. However, despite the introduction of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, these differences were not further investigated as studies were focused only on exposing the general picture of GBM heterogeneity. Hence, in this study, we summarized the current state of knowledge on GBM heterogeneity exposed by single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics with regard to genetics, immunology, and sex-dependent differences. Additionally, we highlighted future research directions which would fill the gap of knowledge on the impact of patient’s sex on the disease outcome.
Carbon and nitrogen uptake through photosynthesis and feeding by photosymbiotic Acantharia
Authors: Mansour Joost Samir , Hansen Per Juel , Leroux Cédrix , Not Fabrice
Published: October 2022

Background: Mixotrophy, combining phagotrophy and photoautotrophy in order to acquire nutrients and energy, is a widespread trophic mode in marine protist plankton. Acantharia (Radiolaria) are ubiquitous, but still uncultured oceanic protists. Many of them are mixoplanktic by endosymbiotic relations with microalgae. Here we aimed at quantitatively assessing phototrophy (inorganic nutrients) and phagotrophy (organic nutrients) of photosymbiotic Acantharia, to understand their physiology, and thereby improve integrations of mixotrophy into ecological models of oceanic ecosystems.

Methods: Freshly collected Acantharia were incubated with stable isotopes of inorganic carbon and nitrogen to determine photosynthetic uptake rates. Grazing experiments (prey disappearance) were done with different algal cultures as potential food organisms to measure the contribution of prey ingestion to the acantharian metabolism. Fluorescently (and isotopically) labelled prey was used to verify prey uptake, qualitatively.

Results/Conclusions: Carbon uptake rates were unaffected by the nitrogen source (i.e., nitrate or ammonium). Total carbon inorganic uptake rate was 1112±82 pgC h-1 Acantharia‑1, 22.3±1.6 pgC h-1 symbiont cell-1assuming 50 symbionts per Acantharia, at ~155-μmol photons m−2 s−1 irradiance. The Acantharia studied could use both inorganic ammonium and nitrate, but ammonium was taken up at a ~5 times higher rate. Prey ingestion of the haptophyte, Isochrysis galbana, was detected using labelled algae. Significant grazing by Acantharia could only be established on the dinoflagellate Effrenium voratum, with a grazing rate of 728 prey Acantharia‑1 hour-1 (i.e., ~56.3 ngC h-1, 46% of total holobiont carbon content) at a ratio of 1.06x104 prey predator-1. Daily photosynthetic carbon uptake rates made up ~14.5% of the total holobiont carbon content (0.9% hourly). The extent to which photosynthates are used and assimilated by the acantharian cell and/or if it is used for catabolic processes to obtain energy is still to be studied. Isotopic ratios further suggests seasonal differences in the usage of each trophic mode.
Importance and influence of sensorimotor exercises of the knee joint muscles on body stability
Authors: Siminska Joanna , Baczyński Łukasz , Kitschke Ewa , Nowacka Krystyna
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The concept of prioprioception, known as a conceived solution, which is formed from prioprioceptors that reach the spinal cord, may give rise to reflex reactions. In all changes to a change that affect the behavior of the data, it should be noted that it is recorded, and that it is appropriate and appropriate. What is dependent reaction to change, reaction to change reaction to change, behavior change, change in orientation is a change?

Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to assess the effect of the sensorimotor muscles of the knee joint on the muscles. The improvement point was assessed.

Material and methods: 20 patients tested fabrics. Among women and 9 men. In order to improve the company's condition, streamlining the technique of the technique on the Easy Tech balancing platform. A fitting with a radius of 20 cm was used in the tests. You repair the research group on the platform twice. The first test was performed immediately after the warm-up, the next test was performed by the knee joint doctor after the running and independent education.

Effect on the improvement of treatment outcomes In tests shown to cut sex for performance. Reaching for the improvement of health and improvement of the client's condition.

Conclusions: The technology used, a one-time method of sensorimotor training, to improve the results of users of knee injuries. One-time sensorimotor training, the doctor of the knee joint did not show a differential calculation of statistical statistics in relation to the significance of BMI. Note a weak positive correlation, not statistically significant, showing that the heavier person improved the results.
Mediación en el periodismo literario: el caso de Roberto Bolaño.
Authors: Gómez-Escalonilla Gloria
Published: October 2022

Esta investigación analiza las informaciones relativas a Roberto Bolaño en los medios generalistas, como caso de estudio para conocer cómo se desarrollan los procesos de reinterpretación mediática que introduce el periodismo cuando trata de literatura. A través de un análisis de contenido, se analizan los 208 relatos que tres periódicos españoles: El País, El Mundo y ABC y el chileno La Nación han publicado sobre un escritor que ha logrado premios, el prestigio de la crítica y gran éxito comercial. El estudio revela que el autor chileno es un personaje periodístico por la notoriedad que la prensa le otorga, aunque cada periódico tiene diferentes criterios de selección; de hecho, el polémico cambio de editorial realizado por la viuda fue obviado por algunos medios, lo que puede explicarse por las relaciones de la prensa con el sector editorial. En todo caso se prima, sobre todo entre los periódicos españoles, una imagen muy positiva del escritor, con atributos y valoraciones que le encumbran como gran autor universal. Bolaño aparece en prensa no solo cuando se publican o reeditan sus obras, también con motivo de premios, exposiciones, u otros homenajes, confirmando la rutina de destacar la crónica social propia de los eventos culturales. De sus obras, destacan Los detectives salvajes y 2666, los libros más conocidos, mencionados como elementos de identificación del autor. Especial importancia tiene su muerte, que marca el inicio de su presencia mediática, otra característica propia del periodismo cultural que ayuda, además, a la creación del mito del autor maldito.
El derecho de los héroes. Una aproximación jurídica a la serie E- de las tablillas micénicas.
Authors: Jiménez Sancho Gonzalo Beltrán
Published: October 2022

Los textos legales europeos más antiguos son Las leyes de Gortina y la Ley de las XII Tablas. Para conocer el Derecho en Europa de épocas anteriores solo disponemos de referencias literarias y de las deducciones antropológicas. Sin embargo, las tablillas micénicas abren la posibilidad de extraer, a partir de su contenido fundamentalmente burocrático, relaciones jurídicas concretas para el periodo del Bronce Final europeo. La finalidad de este trabajo es ofrecer una aproximación jurídica al contenido de las tablillas de la serie E- de Pilo, sobre parcelas agrícolas, haciendo un uso instrumental de los conceptos del Derecho civil.
A propósito de un sello inédito sobre un ánfora Dressel 1 itálica encontrada en el Cerro de los Mártires (San Fernando, Cádiz) .
Authors: López Jurado M.ª de los Reyes
Published: October 2022

La bahía de Cádiz fue desde mucho tiempo antes de la llegada de los romanos un centro portuario principal distribuidor de numerosas importaciones. En la etapa republicana esta dinámica no perdió intensidad y Gades continuó siendo el centro de una extensa red comercial, estableciendo fluidos intercambios con la península itálica. Tratamos aquí un ejemplo del comercio en época republicana, un ánfora de tipo Dressel 1, que nos aporta información adicional, un sello que permite rastrear con más precisión su origen y su vinculación con el comercio del vino itálico.
O książkach rysunkowych Stanisława Wyspiańskiego
Authors: Łopatkiewicz Tadeusz
Published: October 2022

Young Stanisław Wyspiański’s sketchbooks from the period between 1876 and 1891 are a valuable source of information on the artist’s art education and early works. 14 folders of preserved drawings and notes document the development of Wyspiański’s talent – from the early sketches, to copies of masterpieces of Polish and foreign art, studies of Dürer’s and Schongauer’s works, through field inventories of monuments in the Ukraine, in the Opoczno region and in Lesser Poland, to the results of his research and artistic journeys across Southern and Western Europe. Due to the provisional character of Wyspiański’s sketchbooks, a number of them did not stand the test of time, whereas others are incomplete or in a poor shape. The two best preserved sets of drawing folders are the ones saved by Janina Stankiewiczowa, the artist’s aunt, and the ones bought by Stanisław Tomkowicz, a Galician conservator-restorer. The complicated history of the archives resulted in their dispersion in the collections of a number of museums and private persons: the National Museum in Kraków, the Jagiellonian University Museum, or the National Museum in Warsaw. The article is a review of Wyspiański’s sketchbooks available in the public domain, it presents how the drawing folders emerged, and places them in the context of the artist’s activity.
Gdy przyrodnicy bywali artystami. Michał Siedlecki i sztuka książki
Authors: Hordyński Piotr
Published: October 2022

Scientists who take care of the artistic form of their works by themselves are a rare phenomenon, which we can sometimes notice in the very heterogeneous book art of Polish modernism. This phenomenon can be seen as a continuation of an old tradition of art seen as an instrument of knowledge and it could be implemented in different ways. A philosopher and artist Marian Olszewski (1881–1915) decorated his book on epistemology with representations of mussels, which were faithfully reproduced but completely irrelevant to the text. This was an exceptional case; quite differently, Michał Siedlecki (1873–1940), an eminent professor of zoology at the Jagiellonian University always observed the strict concordance of the illustrations with the subject. Thanks to his artistic abilities he was able to take note of his macroscopic or microscopic observations and could take care by himself of the decoration of his scientific books such as Jawa, printed in 1913, describing the nature and culture of the island, or Skarby wód (Treasures of Waters), as well as some his literary works as Głębiny (The Depths), a short novel in Jules Verne’s style. Siedlecki made all the illustrations with his own hand and took the photos for his books. His drawings of aquatic or terrestrial animals are always accompanied by precise references, often using Latin terms. Sometimes the illustrations have other themes: people, landscapes or even objects of art. The drawings not only give an accurate image of nature but have an artistic value too. Siedlecki was careful as regarded modernist inspirations of his books. He scarcely used ornaments and employed the traditional elements as vignettes and initials, but the arrangement of illustrations in the text was original and ingenious. Approximately 200 original pen drawings by Michał Siedlecki are kept in the prints and drawings collections of Jagiellonian Library in Kraków. Professor Siedlecki maintained personal contacts with numerous artists and writers of Young Poland. His friendship with Stanisław Wyspiański was of particular importance. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, contacts between Polish scientists and artists were an everyday phenomenon. Artists were interested in studying nature and were fascinated with the organic world, scientists appreciated the arts and both communities shared the view that it was necessary to maintain balance between the science and humanities.
Biblioteka Wyspiańskiego
Authors: Haduch Bartosz
Published: October 2022

The exhibition entitled Wyspiański Unknown, opened at the beginning of 2019 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of the artist is both a supplement to the earlier Wyspiański exhibition and its culmination. The last hall houses a two-level library holding nearly 600 titles from Stanisław Wyspiański’s book collection. The smooth lines of the walls of this ‘library’ are a spatial continuation of the pastel drawing Apollo (System Copernicus) hanging along the main axis. The colours used in the two joined interiors, blue and yellow, are another allusion to the design of the famous stained-glass window topping the composition. The formal inspirations for this space included Renaissance and Baroque masterpieces, but also more modern edifices. In the blue and yellow room with Wyspiański’s books, the designers wanted to make visitors feel surrounded by the books and the pictures placed within a ‘ribbon’ going across the walls at the eye level. The ‘organic’ interior of the library is arranged in a cuboidal block filled with various display cases and single windows that allow seeing the interior from different levels. In the centre of the mezzanine there is a cosy area arranged to display one artefact – a diary. This last journal written by Wyspiański, placed inside a double glass showcase, seems to be levitating above the floor. The spaces enclosing the library are arranged in a more synthetic way, which continues the minimalist convention of the previous part of the exhibition and is in line with the neutral character of the white cube gallery model. On the white walls the visitors can see paintings and pastels loaned from other museums or private collections. Some of them were shown to the public for the first time at the Wyspiański Unknown exhibition. The vision of ‘Wyspiański’s library’ presented here is a combination of the historical library canons (both architectural and theoretical ones) and the contemporary aesthetics. It is an attempt to dress space with words.
Unia Europejska a Europejska Agencja Kosmiczna – współpraca i rywalizacja w
programach badania przestrzeni kosmicznej
Authors: Turczyński Paweł
Published: October 2022

The EU’s space policy was enshrined in the Treaties in 2007 and has been
implemented since 2009. However, the European Space Agency, established in 1975 has
accumulated considerable experience and carried out numerous projects in this area. The
EU, which is trying to implement its own space programme, must develop new rules for
cooperation with ESA. The problem was, for example, the division of competences between
the ESA and the EU organs responsible for managing satellite navigation (the Global
Navigation Satellite System). It was only in 2021 that relations between the two
institutions were settled – the EU established the European Union Agency for the Space
Programme, EUSPA. However, the EU has already launched several projects to make it a
“civilian power” in space. These projects include the Galileo satellite navigation
system, supporting the EGNOS navigation system, the Copernicus space Earth observation
system and the GOVSATCOM, a secure satellite intergovernmental communication system.
However, the EU must compete with similar projects of other powers (the USA, Russia,
China), which consider the control of space an element of their security
policies.
Współczesne trendy w polityce kosmicznej – rola Europy
Authors: Polkowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2022

Security in outer space facilitates uninterrupted and permanent access to it and
its peaceful use, and helps limit the threats it poses. The safety aspects of man-made
devices sent into space and ground infrastructure are also important. There are many
challenges related to the security of space infrastructure, including unintentional
threats (space debris and accidental disruptions), intentional threats (ASAT –
anti-satellite weapons, malicious interference, and cyber-attacks), space weather
threats (geomagnetic storms, solar storms, etc.). These threats are not conducive to
commercial activities pursued by states in space. Because space is so important to many
countries (both for commercial and security reasons), their leaders develop policies and
strategies to keep it safe and secure. The first task is to secure significant
investment by public and private entities. The state has to protect the economy and
society against risks associated with their considerable dependence on space
infrastructure. Space security policy, therefore, plays a strategic role and is
essential for the proper development of the space market.