bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The commensal skin microbiome of amphibian mountain populations and its association with the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: Loyau Adeline , Bouchali Rayan , Sentenac Hugo , Schmeller Dirk S.
Published: October 2024

Microbial assemblages naturally living on the skin are an integral part of immunity. In amphibians, this skin microbiota may hold a mitigation solution against the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the panzootic disease chytridiomycosis. We used 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to test the adaptive microbiome hypothesis. We compared the community composition, richness, and putative Bd‐inhibitory function of the skin microbiome of three amphibian host species in the Pyrenees, as well as three species in Taiwan, in both Bd‐positive and negative mountain populations. In both geographical regions, the amphibian host species played a decisive role in shaping the microbial assemblage and putative anti‐Bd properties. In the Pyrenees, the species most susceptible to chytridiomycosis, Alytes obstetricans, had the lowest relative abundances of putative protective bacteria. In Bd‐positive and negative sites, individuals had different skin microbiomes, with all anuran species showing increased relative abundances of potential anti‐Bd bacteria, while the Taiwanese caudata Hynobius sonani showed the opposite pattern. Our results suggest that, in response to exposure to the pathogen, the skin microbiota shifted to a defensive state with increased anti‐Bd function, which may contribute to promoting disease resistance, as proposed by the adaptive microbiome hypothesis.
The effectiveness of perspective video modelling training on one‐stage word problem‐solving skills in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kahveci Gul , Serin Nerguz Bulut
Published: October 2024

Single‐subject research can provide adequate justification when developing successful evidence‐based educational practices for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which can help such students thrive academically. This research investigates whether point‐of‐view video modelling effectively improved the word problem‐solving addition performances of primary‐school‐aged students with ASD. The effectiveness of the intervention on each participant's ability to solve single‐digit addition by a single digit, effectively view the video on a tablet and generalise a learned skill was investigated by utilising a design that included several participant baselines. All participants saw an improvement in their ability to solve simple addition problems due to using point‐of‐view video modelling. Between the baseline and intervention phases, each participant's rate of digits correctly entered per minute and total number of steps completed significantly increased. A generalisation phase was performed at home. After receiving the intervention, people with ASD could independently complete word problems involving addition with a single digit. The findings suggest that this technology could practically support the education of the growing number of children and young people with ASD by mollifying the particular learning obstacles their impairment brings.
Time to Diagnose Endometriosis: Current Status, Challenges and Regional Characteristics—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: De Corte Pauline , Klinghardt Moritz , von Stockum Sophia , Heinemann Klaas
Published: October 2024

Background

Endometriosis diagnosis reportedly faces delays of up to 10 years. Despite growing awareness and improved guidelines, information on the current status is limited.

Objectives

To systematically assess the published evidence on the status of time to diagnosis in individuals with endometriosis, with respect to the definition of time to diagnosis, geographical location and patient characteristics.

Search Strategy

MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase were searched for publications reporting time to diagnosing endometriosis since 2018. No restrictions to population or comparators were applied. All publications were screened by two independent reviewers.

Selection Criteria

Search results were limited to primary publications of randomised controlled trials, non‐randomised trials and observational studies. Case reports, secondary publications and grey literature were excluded. No restrictions were made regarding language, provided that an English title and abstract were available.

Data Collection and Analysis

Publications were assessed with respect to time to diagnosis, diagnostic methods, study type, study country and potential bias.

Main Results

The 17 publications eligible for inclusion in this literature review were all observational studies. The publications reported diagnosis times between 0.3 and 12 years, with variations depending on the definition of time to diagnosis (overall, primary, or clinical), geographical location and characteristics of the included study population. Evidence was of poor to good quality overall.

Conclusions

Diagnostic delay is still present, primarily driven by physicians, and this review underscores the need for standardised definitions, increased awareness and targeted diagnostic interventions.
Formate from THF‐C1 metabolism induces the AOX1 promoter in formate dehydrogenase‐deficient Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Bustos Cristina , Berrios Julio , Fickers Patrick
Published: October 2024

In Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris), formate is a recognized alternative inducer to methanol for expression systems based on the AOX1 promoter (pAOX1). By disrupting the formate dehydrogenase encoding FDH1 gene, we converted such a system into a self‐induced one, as adding any inducer in the culture medium is no longer requested for pAOX1 induction. In cells, formate is generated from serine through the THF‐C1 metabolism, and it cannot be converted into carbon dioxide in a FdhKO strain. Under non‐repressive culture conditions, such as on sorbitol, the intracellular formate generated from the THF‐C1 metabolism is sufficient to induce pAOX1 and initiate protein synthesis. This was evidenced for two model proteins, namely intracellular eGFP and secreted CalB lipase from C. antarctica. Similar protein productivities were obtained for a FdhKO strain on sorbitol and a non‐disrupted strain on sorbitol‐methanol. Considering a K. Phaffii FdhKO strain as a workhorse for recombinant protein synthesis paves the way for the further development of methanol‐free processes in K. phaffii.
Head, face and neck injury patterns for electric scooter accidents identified on computed tomography scanning: Does legislative change enforcing safer riding practices have an impact on morbidity for significant head, face and neck trauma?
Authors: Watson Nicholas , Droder Brett , Mitchell Gary , Hacking Craig
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to review whether legislative change enforcing safer riding conditions for Electric Scooters (E‐Scooter), regardless of other factors, had an impact on reducing significant head, facial and neck trauma. Additionally, to identify the radiological injury patterns for head, face and neck injuries identified on CT imaging for a patient's initial presentation to the emergency department (ED) resulting from an E‐Scooter accident.

Methods

A retrospective single‐centre observational study at a metropolitan tertiary ED of patients presenting after an E‐Scooter accident comparing 6 months before and after legislative change.

Results

Four hundred and forty‐three patients presented following an E‐Scooter accident: 191 patients 6 months before and 252 patients 6 months after legislative change. One hundred and sixty‐two patients pre‐ and 217 patients post‐legislative change had negative CT studies. Twenty‐nine patients pre‐ and 35 patients post‐legislative change had CT studies demonstrating significant head, face or neck trauma. The most common type of intracranial bleeding was subarachnoid haemorrhage followed by subdural haemorrhage with a significant proportion (41%) presenting with multi‐factorial intracranial bleeding. There was no specific injury pattern involving the cranial vault or cervical spine. Of the patients presenting with a significant injury, facial bones were the most common injury site (84% (n = 54)). The most common site of facial fractures was the nasal bones followed by dental trauma and maxillary fractures.

Conclusion

This single‐centre, retrospective observational study has shown no reduction in serious head, neck and facial injuries. Large‐scale, multicentre studies will need to be undertaken to understand the true impact of legislative change.
Clinical characteristics of Behçet's syndrome in Shanghai database: Baseline data of a cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: She Chun‐Hui , Cai Jian‐fei , Hu Dan , Bao Hua‐Fang , Guan Jian‐Long
Published: October 2024

Objective

Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a variant vessel vasculitis that can involve multiple organs, with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations. This study aims to analyze baseline data of BS patients to enhance the comprehension of its clinical features.

Methods

This study included 1216 registered cases of BS patients referred to Huadong Hospital affiliated with Fudan University. Each patient was thoroughly assessed and recorded for demographic data, clinical manifestations, gastrointestinal endoscope, imaging, etc.

Results

Significant gender differences were observed in clinical manifestations. Pseudofolliculitis (p < .001), uveitis (p = .003), vascular (p < .001), and cardiovascular involvement (p < .001) were significantly more prevalent in male BS patients, while genital ulcers (p = .011) and erythema nodosum (p = .009) were more common among the female. Furthermore, pseudofolliculitis (44.3%, 37.4% vs. 25.0%, p < .001), pathergy test positivity (37.0%, 24.5% vs. 12.6%, p < .001), and uveitis (18.8%, 18.4% vs. 11.2%, p < .001) showed higher incidence rates in the 16–35 years age group. Vascular involvement (11.1%, 18.0% vs. 15.8%, p < .001) notably increased in the 36–50 years age group. Additionally, the ISG diagnostic criteria were more likely to be met in the 16–35 age group (OR: 2.039, 95% CI: 1.581–2.631, p < .001), whereas the ICBD criteria were less likely to be met in the 16–35 age group (OR: 0.266, 95% CI: 0.150–0.474, p < .001).

Conclusions

This study provided data on the baseline of clinical features of BS in a single center, BS patients presented significant heterogeneity, showing different manifestations across various genders and age groups. This diversity might contribute to a better understanding of BS clinical features and pave the way for future multi‐center studies.
Age‐related presence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. in young and adult yellow‐legged gulls (Larus michahellis) in Croatia
Authors: Ječmenica Biljana , Duvnjak Sanja , Humski Andrea , Taylor Louie Thomas , Kralj Jelena , Krstulović Fani , Amšel Zelenika Tajana , Mašović Viktor , Jurinović Luka
Published: October 2024

The epidemiology of Campylobacter species in wild birds is still poorly understood. This study describes the occurrence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter in adult and nestlings of yellow‐legged gulls, highlighting differences between breeding locations. The gulls were captured in Croatia between 2021 and 2023. A cloacal swab was taken from each individual and tested for the presence of Campylobacter. Isolated Campylobacter species were genotyped using the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. A total of 1071 gulls were captured and sampled, of which 152 samples were identified as Campylobacter species, with Campylobacter jejuni (9.90%) being the most frequently isolated bacterium, followed by Campylobacter lari (3.36%) and Campylobacter coli (0.93%). Complete sequence type (ST) profiles were generated for 141 isolates: 100 C. jejuni, 33 C. lari, and 8 C. coli. A significant difference in the occurrence of positive Campylobacter species was found depending on the sampling sites, while both sampling site and age were significant for the occurrence of C. jejuni. Adults and nestlings showed high genetic diversity for C. jejuni and C. lari, and there were no significant differences between strains isolated from adults and nestlings or between sites, suggesting a high genotype flow in the studied gull population.
Associations of age and sex with characteristics of extracellular vesicles and protein‐enriched fractions of blood plasma
Authors: Huang Yiyao , Feng Junjie , Xu Jiannan , Dong Liang , Su Wanting , Li Bo , Witwer Kenneth W. , Zheng Lei
Published: October 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles that are released by various cell types and play vital roles in intercellular communication. They carry biological molecules reflecting the physiological and pathological states of their source cells and tissues, showing potential as biomarkers. However, the impact of demographic factors like age and sex on the properties of blood plasma EVs remains underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating how these factors influence the particle count and proteomic profiles of plasma EV preparations and corresponding protein fractions. Plasma samples from 120 healthy volunteers were collected and pooled into six groups: young males (age: 27.6 ± 4.0), young females (27.4 ± 3.8), middle‐aged males (48.8 ± 3.8), middle‐aged females (48.9 ± 3.9), old males (69.3 ± 3.9), and old females (69.4 ± 4.3). EV‐ and protein‐enriched fractions were separated by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). Fractions were characterized for particle number concentration and protein composition to identify characteristics affected by age and biological sex. Plasma EVs and corresponding protein fractions exhibited distinct characteristics, with differential enrichment of markers related to EVs and other blood components, including lipoproteins. Proteomic profiles of both EVs and protein fractions displayed sex‐ and age‐dependent differences. Differentially abundant proteins displayed functions previously identified in the context of aging and sex differences, highlighting their utility as biomarkers. Age and sex significantly affect the characteristics of plasma EVs and proteins, potentially influencing their efficacy and interpretation as biomarkers in clinical applications. This study lays the groundwork for detailed mechanistic research to understand how EVs mediate age‐ and sex‐related effects in health.
Mapping epidermal and dermal cellular senescence in human skin aging
Authors: Yu Grace T. , Ganier Clarisse , Allison David B. , Tchkonia Tamara , Khosla Sundeep , Kirkland James L. , Lynch Magnus D. , Wyles Saranya P.
Published: October 2024

Single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics enable unprecedented insight into cellular and molecular pathways implicated in human skin aging and regeneration. Senescent cells are individual cells that are irreversibly cell cycle arrested and can accumulate across the human lifespan due to cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic stressors. With an atlas of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, epidermal and dermal senescence and its effects were investigated, with a focus on melanocytes and fibroblasts. Photoaging due to ultraviolet light exposure was associated with higher burdens of senescent cells, a sign of biological aging, compared to chronological aging. A skin‐specific cellular senescence gene set, termed SenSkin™, was curated and confirmed to be elevated in the context of photoaging, chronological aging, and non‐replicating CDKN1A+ (p21) cells. In the epidermis, senescent melanocytes were associated with elevated melanin synthesis, suggesting haphazard pigmentation, while in the dermis, senescent reticular dermal fibroblasts were associated with decreased collagen and elastic fiber synthesis. Spatial analysis revealed the tendency for senescent cells to cluster, particularly in photoaged skin. This work proposes a strategy for characterizing age‐related skin dysfunction through the lens of cellular senescence and suggests a role for senescent epidermal cells (i.e., melanocytes) and senescent dermal cells (i.e., reticular dermal fibroblasts) in age‐related skin sequelae.
Effect of a small increase in off‐premises trading hours on alcohol sales in Norway: A stepped‐wedge cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bergsvik Daniel , Grøtting Maja Weemes , Rossow Ingeborg
Published: October 2024

Background and aims

Evidence of the effect of limiting off‐premises alcohol trading hours is still scarce. This study tested the effect of a small extension in trading hours on alcohol sales in alcohol monopoly outlets in Norway.

Design

The extension of trading hours was implemented within a stepped‐wedge cluster‐randomized trial design. Eligible state monopoly outlets (n = 229) were clustered into trade districts (n = 62), which were block‐randomized to one of three sequences regarding date of implementation: 1 September 2020 (n = 21 districts, 82 outlets), 1 December 2020 (n = 21 districts, 73 outlets) and 1 March 2021 (n = 20 districts, 74 outlets). Outcomes were followed‐up for a 1‐year period.

Setting and participants

Study participants were state monopoly outlets in urban and rural trade districts in all parts of Norway.

Measurements

Monthly alcohol sales in litres of pure alcohol per trade district and per outlet were measured from March 2020 to March 2022 (primary outcome). We applied a linear mixed‐effect model with two‐way fixed effects within a difference‐in‐difference framework. As a robustness check we considered the effects of cross‐border trade and effects in subgroups of outlets. Trading hours in monopoly outlets were extended by 1 hour on Saturdays. The extension was permanent. Pre‐intervention periods and not‐yet‐treated units served as control conditions.

Findings

We did not find a statistically significant effect of the small extension in trading hours on monthly alcohol sales (i) per trade district [average treatment effect: −185.5 litres, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1159.9, 788.9] and (ii) per outlet (−35.3 litres, 95% CI = −142.1, 72.0). These findings were consistent across estimation methods and model specifications.

Conclusion

There is no clear evidence that a small extension in off‐premises trading hours affected alcohol sales in monopoly outlets in Norway.
Factors related to the use of physical restraints and hand restraints among older adults receiving home care services
Authors: Weng Cheng‐Chie , Lee Jen‐Hsin , Chen Mei‐Tin , Chang Pei‐Chi , Li Ya‐Ching , Kuo Yi‐Chun , Fan Sheng‐Yu
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Physical restraints and hand restraints are used in medical settings to provide protection and control. However, few studies have investigated their use among community‐dwelling older adults. The study explored variables associated with the use of physical restraints and hand restraints among older adults receiving home care services and the reasons behind their use.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study recruited 128 older adults receiving home care services and with catheters. Data were collected regarding demographic characteristics; activities of daily living (ADLs); muscle strength; family function; the use of nasogastric tubes, urinary catheters, and tracheal tubes; and the type and duration of restraint use and the reasons behind such use.

Results

Among the participants, 76% experienced the use of physical restraints, and 34% experienced the use of hand restraints. The variables related to physical restraints were ADLs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.95, p = .02) and the presence of a paid caregiver (AOR = 3.33, p = .02). The variables related to hand restraints were ADLs (AOR = 0.93, p = .03), use of a nasogastric tube (AOR = 13.46, p = .03) and the presence of a paid caregiver (AOR = 6.38, p = .02). The primary reasons behind restraint use were to prevent fall and extubation events.

Conclusions

The use of physical restraints among older adults with catheters may be affected by their functioning in ADLs and the presence of paid caregivers to ensure their safety. Thus, implementing interventions that target functional capabilities and caregiving skills may help reduce the use of restraints.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of garadacimab for preventing hereditary angioedema attacks: Phase 3 open‐label extension study
Authors: Reshef Avner , Hsu Connie , Katelaris Constance H. , Li Philip H. , Magerl Markus , Yamagami Keiko , Guilarte Mar , Keith Paul K. , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Lawo John‐Philip , Shetty Harsha , Pollen Maressa , Wieman Lolis , Craig Tim J. ,   the VANGUARD Study Group
Published: October 2024

Background

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a chronic, unpredictable disease. Long‐term prophylactic treatments that offer durable efficacy, safety, and convenience are required to assist patients in achieving complete disease control, per international guidelines. We report an interim analysis of an ongoing phase 3 (VANGUARD) open‐label extension (OLE) study evaluating the long‐term safety and efficacy of garadacimab for HAE prophylaxis.

Methods

Adults and adolescents aged ≥12 years with HAE previously participating in phase 2 and pivotal phase 3 (VANGUARD) studies were rolled over to an OLE, alongside newly enrolled patients. Patients received garadacimab 200 mg subcutaneously, once monthly for ≥12 months. The primary endpoint was treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in patients with C1 inhibitor deficiency/dysfunction.

Results

At data cut‐off (February 13, 2023; N = 161), median (interquartile range) exposure was 13.8 months (11.9–16.3). For the primary endpoint, 133/159 patients experienced ≥1 TEAE (524 events), equivalent to 0.23 events/administration and 2.84 events/patient‐year. Garadacimab‐related TEAEs (13% of patients, 52 events) were most commonly injection‐site reactions (ISRs). No deaths occurred. One patient discontinued treatment due to garadacimab‐related moderate ISR. Most TEAEs were mild/moderate; three events were serious (COVID‐19, two events; abdominal HAE attack, one event) and not garadacimab related. No abnormal bleeding, thromboembolic, severe hypersensitivity, or anaphylactic events were observed. Mean HAE attack rate decreased by 95% from the run‐in period; 60% of patients were attack‐free. Almost all patients (93%) rated their response to garadacimab as “good” or “excellent.”

Conclusion

Garadacimab has a favorable safety profile suitable for long‐term use and provides durable protection against HAE attacks.
The problem of criminal charisma: State authority and the politics of narcocultura in Mexico's drug war
Authors: Mondragón‐Celis Agnes
Published: October 2024

This article examines Mexico's “war on drug trafficking” through its affective and ideological dimensions. By ethnographically exploring two sites of official representations of organized crime in Mexico City—the Secretariat of Defense's Drug Museum and the Institute to Give Back What Was Stolen from the People—I analyze the strategies through which the Mexican state acknowledges and addresses criminality's charisma as a key challenge to its authority. In these official representations, the drug world becomes visible in partial and selective ways, such as through drug traffickers’ confiscated possessions, which project ideas of extravagant capitalist consumption and transgressive social mobility. The state's inevitable failure to contain or redirect this criminal charisma is a symptom of a deeper problem. Such charisma is a key element constituting organized crime as a political actor that menaces state power. It does so not only through violence, but also by means of its capacity to align and organize publics ideologically by doubling and mimicking the state's forms of meaning‐making and valuation.
Time critical diagnoses and transfers of patients with acute type A aortic dissection in the UK: national audit of current practice*
Authors: Gilbey Tom , Milne Benjamin , Agarwal Seema , Choi Siu‐Wai , Kendall Simon , Arrowsmith Joseph E. , Kunst Gudrun ,   the ACTACC Linkperson Network
Published: October 2024

Background

Type A aortic dissection repair is one of the most common emergency cardiac surgical procedures undertaken in the UK and has a high mortality. Early diagnosis and prompt surgery by an expert cardiac surgical team is crucial. Little is known about the patient's journey from first symptoms until surgery.

Methods

The Association for Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Critical Care undertook a prospective national audit of the management of type A aortic dissection in the UK.

Results

The details of 334 patients with type A aortic dissection were reported by 28 UK cardiac centres over 12 months. Median (IQR [range]) time from onset of symptoms until arrival in an emergency department was 2.3 (1.4–4.7 [0.1–491.6]) h. Median (IQR [range]) time between arrival in the emergency department and the start of surgery was 9.5 (6.1–18.2 [0.8–363.5]) h. Delays in diagnosis and transfers were reported in 158 (47.3%) patients. Fifty‐two patients (15.6%) had an initial misdiagnosis. The condition of 56 patients (16.8%) deteriorated clinically before arrival in the operating theatre. A medical doctor accompanied 50 patients (15.0%) during transfer. Sixty‐four patients (19.2%) died in hospital with 41 (12.3%) dying within the first 5 days after surgery.

Conclusions

This audit provides a snapshot of current practice for patients with type A aortic dissection in the UK. Our findings show the acuity, clinical severity and vulnerability of patients with type A aortic dissection, and the deficits in the process of diagnosis and the quality of transfer. This audit demonstrates the need for the implementation of comprehensive, regionally governed, interdisciplinary medical management for every patient with type A aortic dissection.
Delayed‐onset vocal cord palsy after thyroidectomy occurring despite normal initial post‐operative endoscopy
Authors: Ren Tianrui , Manning Stephanie , Lee James C. , Serpell Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Background

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is a known complication of thyroidectomy. Most cases manifest immediately and are promptly recognized. Rarely, some patients experience delayed‐onset vocal cord palsy. This can occur despite normal findings on intra‐operative nerve monitoring and initial post‐operative endoscopy. This can cause considerable distress for patients, and its incidence and prognosis should be recognized.

Methodology

We report seven patients experiencing delayed‐onset RLN palsy (RLNP) after thyroidectomy. All had normal findings on pre‐operative flexible nasoendoscopy (FNE), intra‐operative nerve monitoring at conclusion of surgery, and initial post‐operative FNE. All diagnoses of RLNP were confirmed on endoscopy. Serial FNE examinations were performed to evaluate recovery.

Results

Of seven patients (43% male, median age 65 years), the median timing of delayed‐onset RLNP was 12 (range 9–35) days. RLNP was diagnosed on the unilateral side of surgery in six out of seven patients (86%). All received conservative management, including referral to voice therapy. All seven patients recovered vocal cord function after a median duration of 24 weeks (range 8–52 weeks), and six within ~6 months (28 weeks). The incidence of this complication was 0.1% (among 6607 thyroidectomies).

Conclusion

We report the first Australian series of delayed‐onset vocal cord palsy after thyroidectomy. We explore its prognosis, discussing different pathophysiological mechanisms and the timeframe for recovery compared to most other RLN injuries. This may assist recognition of a rare complication, reassure patients, and facilitate early intervention to improve a patient's quality of life.
Assessing anatomical variations of the superior mesenteric artery via three‐dimensional CT angiography and laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Zhao Botian , Ding Yuanyi , Hu Xuhua , Guo Peiyuan , Yu Bin
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to analyse the anatomical relationships and differences between the superior mesenteric vessels and their branches by reviewing a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy surgery video and comparing it with preoperative three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) angiography and to verify the accuracy of 3D‐CT vascular reconstruction techniques.

Methods

Surgical videos and preoperative imaging data of 52 patients undergoing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy were analysed to observe and summarize the probability of occurrence and adjacency of superior mesenteric vascular branches, and the lengths of specific sites of their branches were measured using the above two methods.

Results

Preoperative CT images and surgical video showed that the ileocolic artery (ICA) was present in 98.1% (51/52) and the ileocolic vein (ICV) was present in 100% (52/52), and ICA was present in 13.7% (7/51) of the ICV directly anteriorly, 13.7% (7/51) anteriorly superiorly, 3.9% (2/51) anteriorly inferiorly, 11.8% (6/51) directly posteriorly, 37.2% (19/51) post superiorly, and 19.7% (10/51) posteriorly inferiorly. In the surgical video, the probability of presence of the right colic artery (RCA) was 21.2% (11/52). On CT images, the RCA was present in 10 patients. The length of the origin of the middle colic artery (MCA) from its bifurcations was 2.33 ± 0.87 cm measured intraoperatively using a sterile isometric filament, and the length measured using 3D‐CT vascular reconstruction was 2.36 ± 0.91 cm; the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.348). The length of the MCA and ICA initiation points was 3.22 ± 0.75 cm measured intraoperatively using sterile isometric filaments and 3.36 ± 0.72 cm measured using 3D‐CT vascular reconstruction, which was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

3D‐CT vascular reconstruction can accurately predict the vessels related to right hemicolectomy in most cases. It is an important method for preoperative prediction of superior mesenteric vessels, which can guide surgeons in the intraoperative vessel identification.
Exploring the effects of rules of origin and tariff margins on China's export enterprise under the China–Korea Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Qu Yahui , Yang Hong'en , Wu Kedong , Jiao Yongxiang
Published: October 2024

This study explores the effects of rules of origin (ROOs) and tariff margin on China's export enterprise using Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood estimation and logit models with product‐level data under the China–Korea Free Trade Agreement (CKFTA). The findings reveal that increased ROOs have a negative effect on export value and enterprises' CKFTA use, while tariff margin is positively associated with export value. The estimation results examining export value also demonstrate that the effect of ROO is larger than that of tariff margin (in absolute terms); however, those concerning CKFTA use are the opposite. The study proposes suggestions for reducing enterprises' costs to promote trade and economic development between China and South Korea under the CKFTA based on the results.
Editorial: Effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in ulcerative colitis—Where we are now in real life
Authors: Mocci Giammarco , Tursi Antonio
Published: October 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Chaparro et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18230 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18316
Editorial: Re‐evaluating early surgery in Ileocaecal Crohn's disease
Authors: Pillay Leshni , Christensen Britt
Published: October 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Grellier et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18247 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18320.
America's foreign policy after Biden: What can the Indo‐Pacific region expect?
Authors: Tan See Seng
Published: October 2024

What might the foreign policy of a potential Trump presidency or that of a Harris presidency look like, and what could their respective implications for the Indo‐Pacific be? The likelihood that Trump will revive his “America First” doctrine, including his trade war with China, suggests that the region may be in for another bumpy ride from a “Trump 2.0.” A Harris presidency will likely continue Biden's policy in engaging deeply (but selectively) with the Indo‐Pacific, while “de‐risking” America from China and resisting Chinese efforts to delimit the global commons and deny others access to it. Whether led by Trump or Harris, it is likely that the United States will proactively take on China but in slightly different ways. In either instance, Southeast Asia stands to benefit if the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries play their cards right, but it will be in terms of their perceived usefulness to America's effort to counter China.
Evaluating the feasibility of using plant‐specific metabarcoding to assess forest types from soil eDNA
Authors: Ariza Maria , Engelstad Mari , Lieungh Eva , Laux Marcele , Ready Jonathan , Mauvisseau Quentin , Halvorsen Rune , de Boer Hugo J.
Published: October 2024

Questions

An essential aspect of variation in natural systems is that species respond to complex environmental gradients. Recognizing plant composition gradients associated with abiotic factors (ecoclines) can be foundational for defining habitat types, which, in turn, helps map natural variation. Typically, ecoclinal structures are assessed through visual evaluation of above‐ground vegetation and analysis of covarying abiotic factors. However, the correlation between ecological structures detected by soil eDNA plant assessments and those identified by visual assessment remains largely unexplored.

Location

Hvaler archipelago, southern Norway.

Methods

Plant diversity assessments were conducted using metabarcoding of the trnL (UUA) intron p6 loop and ITS2 from 31 soil samples collected across six forest types. These forest types span gradients related to drought risk and calcium richness.

Results

The barcode amplicons identified 70 plant taxa, primarily vascular plants (67), with most assigned to the species level (59), representing common forest taxa across the sites. Comparisons between soil eDNA compositions and theoretical forest‐type compositions showed a low to medium correspondence (26% to 76%) between the two. Ordinations of soil eDNA compositions revealed two axes without clear ecological interpretation and correlated poorly with the calcium–richness gradient previously identified by visual assessments.

Conclusions

Overall, our results emphasize the necessity for comprehensive sequence reference libraries to conduct thorough plant biodiversity assessments. They also highlight the potential of soil eDNA to assess plant composition, which can aid in ecosystem mapping.
An overview of major depression disorder: The endocannabinoid system as a potential target for therapy
Authors: Zarazúa‐Guzmán Sergio , Vicente‐Martínez Jorge Genaro , Pinos‐Rodríguez Juan Manuel , Arevalo‐Villalobos Jaime Iván
Published: October 2024

Major depressive disorder is the psychiatric disease with the highest global prevalence, impacting social functioning and decreasing the quality of life. The partial pathophysiological knowledge of the disease, the economic burden and the low remission rates are sufficient justification to carry out an update on the subject in the search for new therapeutic approaches and targets. The endocannabinoid system has been linked to the development of depression, and its stimulation or antagonism is a promising approach in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Cannabidiol (CBD) and its properties have been widely studied recently; its analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, antineoplastic and neuroprotective roles have even been reported in animal models and clinical trials, achieving its approved use for certain neurodegenerative pathologies. The use of CBD in depression biomodels and clinical trials has not been the exception, and here we contrast the current evidence of its administration and pharmacology against the pathological mechanisms of major depressive disorder.
Profiles of teachers' emotional labour during COVID‐19 and the consequences on mental health: A comparison between online and offline teaching
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Zuo Huang , Hua Zixun , Feng Yuanhuan , Gao Ruixiang
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite increasing attention on emotional labor in teacher well‐being research, person‐centered studies are relatively scarce, particularly concerning the emotional labor of online teaching during COVID‐19 and its effects on teachers’ non‐work‐related mental health.

Objective

This study aims to address these gaps by examining emotional labor profiles and their consequences on job satisfaction, depression, and anxiety among Chinese teachers involved in either online or offline teaching during October–December 2022.

Methods

Two samples of teachers were analyzed altogether: one engaged in online teaching (N=605) and the other in offline teaching (N=394). Latent profile analysis was used to identify emotional labor profiles based on three strategies: surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions.

Results

A total of four subgroups of emotional workers were identified: natural expressors, actors, flexible regulators, and authentic regulators. Significant differences were found between online and offline teaching, with a higher proportion of actors and fewer flexible regulators in the online condition, suggesting that the screen acts as a barrier to authentic emotional display. Among the four classes, actors scored lowest on job satisfaction and highest on depression and anxiety, whereas authentic regulators were the most adaptive, especially in online settings.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the impact of online teaching on teachers’ emotional labor profiles and mental health, with practical implications for optimizing online teaching environments and supporting teacher well‐being.
Perceptions of the present shape imagined futures: Unravelling the interplay between perceived anomie, collective future thinking and collective action in the French context
Authors: Ionescu Octavia , Collange Julie , Tavani Jean Louis
Published: October 2024

In four studies (Ntotal = 1832 French participants), we tested if perceiving present society as disintegrated and disregulated (i.e. perceived anomie) would foster the projection of a negative national future and feelings of collective angst; which would in turn predict increased present intentions to engage in actions aimed at defending the country. Perceived anomie was measured (Pilot Study) or manipulated (Studies 1–3). In the Pilot study, we found that perceiving high disregulation in present society was associated with the evocation of distressing national futures (e.g. war/misery), stronger collective angst and greater support for action against outgroups (e.g. closing borders). Similarly, when anomie was made salient (vs. not), participants projected more negative French futures (Study 1), believed more that the situation of France will deteriorate in the future (Study 2) and reported stronger collective angst (both studies); which in turn predicted greater support/intentions to engage in different type of defensive collective action and especially anti‐immigration actions (both studies). In Study 3, the effects were not significant despite descriptive patterns in the expected direction. Altogether, these results suggest that the way people think about the national future is shaped by their perceptions of the present and contributes to predict their current actions.
Carvedilol inhibits neuronal hyperexcitability caused by epilepsy‐associated KCNT1 mutations
Authors: Di Chang , Wu Tong , Gao Kai , Li Na , Song Huifang , Wang Lili , Sun Haojie , Yi Jingyun , Zhang Xinran , Chen Jiexin , Shah Mala , Jiang Yuwu , Huang Zhuo
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose

KCNT1 encodes a sodium‐activated potassium channel (Slack channel), and its mutation can cause several forms of epilepsy. Traditional antiepileptic medications have limited efficacy in treating patients with KCNT1 mutations. Here, we describe one heterozygous KCNT1 mutation, M267T, in a patient with EIMFS. The pathological channel properties of this mutation and its effect on neuronal excitability were investigated. Additionally, this study aimed to develop a medication for effective prevention of KCNT1 mutation‐induced seizures.

Experimental Approach

Wild‐type or mutant KCNT1 plasmids were expressed heterologously in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and channel property assessment and drug screening were performed based on two‐electrode voltage‐clamp recordings. The single‐channel properties were investigated using the excised inside‐out patches from HEK293T cells. Through in utero electroporation, WT and M267T Slack channels were expressed in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in male mice, followed by the examination of the electrical properties using the whole‐cell current‐clamp technique. The kainic acid‐induced epilepsy model in male mice was used to evalute the antiseizure effects of carvedilol.

Key Results

The KCNT1 M267T mutation enhanced Slack channel function by increasing single‐channel open probability. Through screening 16 FDA‐approved ion channel blockers, we found that carvedilol effectively reversed the mutation‐induced gain‐of‐function channel properties. Notably, the KCNT1 M267T mutation in the mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons affected afterhyperpolarization properties and induced neuronal hyperexcitability, which was inhibited by carvedilol. Additionally, carvedilol exhibited antiseizure effects in the kainic acid‐induced epilepsy model.

Conclusion and Implication

Our findings suggest carvedilol as a new potential candidate for treatment of epilepsies.
Debate: How much should nonspecialists be involved in mental health care for children and young people when resources are limited? Working with police forces to improve mental health crisis care for young people
Authors: McCulloch Amy , Eve Zarah , Parry Sarah
Published: October 2024

The last few years have seen a mental health crisis for children and young people in the UK, with more young people presenting to services at crisis point. Young people have reported that there is a general lack of support before reaching the point of crisis and police forces in the UK have seen a rise in callouts related to youth mental health problems. We provide an overview of the evidence for joint responses from police and mental health services and highlight the importance of including people with lived experience in the development of crisis services. Most of the available data relates to interventions for adults, with very few studies including children and young people. We outline a new study in the UK aiming to evaluate a joint response for young people experiencing a mental health crisis. Whilst resources for children and young people's crisis services remain limited, joint response models with police forces can help to provide much needed intervention.
Parents' views on out‐of‐school learning environments
Authors: Balkan‐Kiyici Fatime , Atabek‐Yigit Elif , Yavuz‐Topaloglu Melike
Published: October 2024

While there are many studies in the literature on out‐of‐school learning (OSL) environments, whose importance for learning is increasingly understood, studies involving parents and their views on these environments are rarely found. However, parents' contribution is extremely important and necessary for an efficient learning process. In this study, a survey was developed to determine parents' views on OSL environments. Thirty‐seven parents were face‐to‐face interviewed regarding to their views on OSL environments. An item pool was formed based on these interviews. Then this pre‐survey was administered to 702 voluntary parents. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have performed and a survey with 21 items has been obtained. The survey has three dimensions: contribution of OSL environments to children's cognitive development; contribution of OSL environments to skill development; and parents' concerns about out‐of‐school learning environments. According to the findings, a significant number of parents are aware of the contribution of out‐of‐school learning environments in terms of both cognitive and skill acquisition. Also, it is seen that the gender of the parents and the gender of their child do not make any significant difference in their views. Parents with a bachelor's degree believe that out‐of‐school learning environments will contribute more to their children's skill and cognitive development than parents with a primary and secondary school degree.
Alterations in Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Various Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Guan Zhi‐Zhong
Published: October 2024

Cognitive impairment is a typical symptom of both neurodegenerative and certain other diseases. In connection with these different pathologies, the etiology and neurological and metabolic changes associated with cognitive impairment must differ. Until these characteristics and differences are understood in greater detail, pharmacological treatment of the different forms of cognitive impairment remains suboptimal. Neurotransmitter receptors, including neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), dopamine receptors, and glutamine receptors, play key roles in the functions and metabolisms of the brain. Among these, the role of nAChRs in the development of cognitive impairment has attracted more and more attention. The present review summarizes what is presently known concerning the structure, distribution, metabolism, and function of nAChRs, as well as their involvement in major cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, and diabetes mellitus. As will be discussed, the relevant scientific literature reveals clearly that the α4β2 and α7 nAChR subtypes and/or subunits of the receptors play major roles in maintaining cognitive function and in neuroprotection of the brain. Accordingly, focusing on these as targets of drug therapy can be expected to lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of cognitive disorders such as AD and schizophrenia.
Closed‐incision negative‐pressure wound therapy after Bascom's cleft lift surgery for pilonidal sinus disease: A randomized study comparing healing
Authors: Faurschou Ida Kaad , Sørensen Marlene Julia , Pedersen Allan Gorm , Rasmussen Simon Ladefoged , Erichsen Rune , Haas Susanne
Published: October 2024

Aim

Despite favourable outcomes in recurrence after off‐midline closure techniques in pilonidal surgery, between 18% and 40% of patients suffer from prolonged postoperative wound healing. The aim of this work was to investigate if closed‐incision negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) promotes wound healing after Bascom's cleft lift (BCL) surgery for complicated pilonidal sinus disease compared with conventional drainage and dressing.

Method

Patients were randomized to either NPWT for 4–7 days or loop‐vessel drain for 24 h and a dry dressing postoperatively. Healing was evaluated by a wound care nurse blinded for randomization at 2 and 12 weeks postoperatively (primary endpoint). Healing was defined as one or no closing defects of ≤5 mm and with no undermining.

Results

Although we had wanted to recruit 200 patients, the study was terminated at 118 patients (NPWT group, n = 60; control group, n = 58) after interim analysis. Patients were comparable by age, sex, body mass index, previous smoking status and indication for BCL surgery. At 2 weeks 12% of patients were healed in both the NPWT and control groups [risk difference = 0.00(95% CI −0.12 to 0.11), p = 1.00]. After 12 weeks, 68% of patients were healed in the NPWT group and 72% in the control group [risk difference = −0.03 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.13), p = 0.82]. There was no significant difference in pain experienced postsurgery. In a symptom‐based questionnaire, the control group reported self‐esteem to be less affected (p = 0.015).

Conclusion

Closed‐incision negative‐pressure wound therapy did not significantly improve healing after BCL surgery for complicated pilonidal sinus disease.