bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a Range of Exponents for Absence of Lavrentiev Phenomenon for Double Phase Functionals
Authors: Bulíček Miroslav , Gwiazda Piotr , Skrzeczkowski Jakub
Published: September 2022

For a class of functionals having the (p, q)-growth, we establish an improved range of exponentsp,qfor which the Lavrentiev phenomenon does not occur. The proof is based on a standard mollification argument and Young convolution inequality. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we observe that it is sufficient to regularise only bounded functions. Second, we exploit the$$L^{\infty }$$L∞bound on the function rather than the$$L^p$$Lpestimate on the gradient. Our proof does not rely on the properties of minimizers to variational problems but it is rather a consequence of the underlying Musielak–Orlicz function spaces. Moreover, our method works for unbounded boundary data, the variable exponent functionals and vectorial problems. In addition, the result seems to be optimal for$$p\leqq d$$p≦d.
Early and long-term skull growth after surgical correction for sagittal synostosis in relation to the occurrence of papilledema
Authors: van de Beeten Stephanie D. C. , Kurniawan Melissa S. I. C. , Kamst Nathalie W. , Loudon Sjoukje E. , Mathijssen Irene M. J. , van Veelen Marie-Lise C.
Published: September 2022

Objective

Stagnation of skull growth is correlated with papilledema in craniosynostosis. In this retrospective cohort study, we describe the postoperative skull growth after surgical correction for sagittal synostosis and its relation to the development of papilledema.

Methods

Patients with isolated sagittal synostosis at our center between 2005 and 2012 were included. Occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) was analyzed, at 3 time points (preoperative, 2 years postoperative, and last OFC measurement) and 3 phases (initial postoperative growth, long-term growth, and overall growth), and related to papilledema on fundoscopy.

Results

In total, 163 patients were included. The first time interval showed a decline in skull growth, with subsequent stabilization at long term. Papilledema occurred postoperatively in 10 patients. In these patients, the OFC at 2 years and at last follow-up (T3) were significantly smaller than in patients without papilledema. A larger OFC resulted in a decreased odds of developing papilledema at both postoperative time points (at T2 (OR = 0.40, p = 0.01) and at T3 (OR 0.29, p < 0.001)). Sensitivity and specificity analysis indicated that an OFC below 0.25 SD at T2 (sensitivity 90%, specificity 65%) and below 0.49 at T3 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 60%) are related to the occurrence of papilledema.

Conclusion

A small OFC is correlated with the occurrence of papilledema. A decline in OFC within 2 years postoperatively is common in sagittal synostosis and is acceptable up to a value of 0.25SD. Patients with an OFC at last follow-up of less than 0.5SD are at risk for developing papilledema.
Identification of TMEM106B amyloid fibrils provides an updated view of TMEM106B biology in health and disease
Authors: Perneel Jolien , Rademakers Rosa
Published: September 2022

Since the initial identification of TMEM106B as a risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), multiple genetic studies have found TMEM106B variants to modulate disease risk in a variety of brain disorders and healthy aging. Neurodegenerative disorders are typically characterized by inclusions of misfolded proteins and since lysosomes are an important site for cellular debris clearance, lysosomal dysfunction has been closely linked to neurodegeneration. Consequently, many causal mutations or genetic risk variants implicated in neurodegenerative diseases encode proteins involved in endosomal–lysosomal function. As an integral lysosomal transmembrane protein, TMEM106B regulates several aspects of lysosomal function and multiple studies have shown that proper TMEM106B protein levels are crucial for maintaining lysosomal health. Yet, the precise function of TMEM106B at the lysosomal membrane is undetermined and it remains unclear how TMEM106B modulates disease risk. Unexpectedly, several independent groups recently showed that the C-terminal domain (AA120-254) of TMEM106B forms amyloid fibrils in the brain of patients with a diverse set of neurodegenerative conditions. The recognition that TMEM106B can form amyloid fibrils and is present across neurodegenerative diseases sheds new light on TMEM106B as a central player in neurodegeneration and brain health, but also raises important new questions. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and place a decade’s worth of TMEM106B research into an exciting new perspective.
Effect of nurse-led telephone follow-up on postoperative symptoms and analgesics consumption after benign hysterectomy: a randomized, single-blinded, four-arm, controlled multicenter trial
Authors: Kassymova Gulnara , Sydsjö Gunilla , Wodlin Ninnie Borendal , Nilsson Lena , Kjølhede Preben
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The study aimed to determine if planned telephone follow-up, especially when adding structured, oriented coaching, reduces the intensity of postoperative symptoms and decreases analgesics consumption after benign hysterectomy.

Methods

A randomized, single-blinded, four-armed, controlled multicenter trial of 525 women scheduled for hysterectomy was conducted in 5 hospitals in the southeast health region of Sweden. The women were allocated 1:1:1:1 into four follow-up models: (A) no telephone follow-up (control group); (B) one planned, structured, telephone follow-up the day after discharge; (C) as B but with additional telephone follow-up once weekly for 6 weeks; and (D) as C but with oriented coaching telephone follow-up on all occasions. Postoperative symptoms were assessed using the Swedish Postoperative Symptoms Questionnaire. Analgesic consumption was registered. Unplanned telephone contacts and visits were registered during the 6 weeks of follow-up.

Results

In total, 487 women completed the study. Neither pain intensity, nor symptom sum score or analgesic consumption differed between the intervention groups. Altogether, 224 (46.0%) women had unplanned telephone contacts and 203 (41.7%) had unplanned visits. Independent of intervention, the women with unplanned telephone contacts had higher pain intensity and symptom sum scores, particularly if an unplanned telephone contact was followed by a visit, or an unplanned visit was preceded by an unplanned telephone contact.

Conclusion

Telephone follow-up did not seem to affect recovery regarding symptoms or analgesic consumption after benign hysterectomy in an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) setting. Unplanned telephone contacts and visits were associated with more postoperative symptoms, especially pain.

Trial registration The study is registered in ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT01526668 retrospectively from January 27; 2012. Date of enrolment of first patient: October 11; 2011.
Cold air exposure at − 15 °C induces more airway symptoms and epithelial stress during heavy exercise than rest without aggravated airway constriction
Authors: Eklund Linda M. , Sköndal Åsa , Tufvesson Ellen , Sjöström Rita , Söderström Lars , Hanstock Helen G. , Sandström Thomas , Stenfors Nikolai
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Exposure to cold air may harm the airways. It is unclear to what extent heavy exercise adds to the cold-induced effects on peripheral airways, airway epithelium, and systemic immunity among healthy individuals. We investigated acute effects of heavy exercise in sub-zero temperatures on the healthy airways.

Methods

Twenty-nine healthy individuals underwent whole body exposures to cold air in an environmental chamber at − 15 °C for 50 min on two occasions; a 35-min exercise protocol consisting of a 5-min warm-up followed by 2 × 15 min of running at 85% of VO2max vs. 50 min at rest. Lung function was measured by impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry before and immediately after exposures. CC16 in plasma and urine, and cytokines in plasma were measured before and 60 min after exposures. Symptoms were surveyed pre-, during and post-trials.

Results

FEV1 decreased after rest (− 0.10 ± 0.03 L, p < 0.001) and after exercise (− 0.06 ± 0.02 L, p = 0.012), with no difference between trials. Exercise in − 15 °C induced greater increases in lung reactance (X5; p = 0.023), plasma CC16 (p < 0.001) as well as plasma IL-8 (p < 0.001), compared to rest. Exercise induced more intense symptoms from the lower airways, whereas rest gave rise to more general symptoms.

Conclusion

Heavy exercise during cold air exposure at − 15 °C induced signs of an airway constriction to a similar extent as rest in the same environment. However, biochemical signs of airway epithelial stress, cytokine responses, and symptoms from the lower airways were more pronounced after the exercise trial.
Clinical outcomes of single-stage versus two-stage laparoscopic Roux-en-y gastric bypass in the management of obesity (BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2): a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fadel Michael G , Fehervari Matyas , Lairy Ali , Das Bibek , Alyaqout Khaled , Ashrafian Hutan , Khwaja Haris , Efthimiou Evangelos
Published: September 2022

Background

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in patients with obesity, BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2, can be a challenging operation. Weight loss with intra-gastric balloon (IGB) insertion prior to LRYGB may improve operative outcomes.

Methods

Between June 2000 and June 2020, patients with a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 underwent either IGB insertion followed by LRYGB (two-stage group), or LRYGB as the definitive bariatric procedure (single-stage group) in our institution. The two-stage procedure was adopted for high risk individuals. Primary outcome measures were percentage total weight loss (%TWL) at 24 months, length of stay and postoperative morbidity. Propensity score analysis was used to account for differences between groups.

Results

A total of 155 (mean age 42.9 years ± 10.60; mean BMI 54.6 kg/m2 ± 4.53) underwent either the two-stage (n = 30) or single-stage procedure (n = 125) depending on preoperative fitness. At 6 months following LRYGB, there was a significant difference in %TWL between the groups in a matched analysis (11.9% vs 23.7%, p < 0.001). At 24 months, there was no difference in %TWL (32.0% vs 34.7%, p = 0.13). Median hospital stay following LRYGB was 2.0 (1-4) days with the two-stage vs 2.0 (0-14) days for the single-stage approach (p = 0.75). There was also no significant difference in complication rates (p = 0.058) between the two groups.

Conclusions

There was no difference in weight loss after one or two-stage procedures in the treatment of patients with a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 super obesity in a propensity score weighted analysis at 24 months. Length of stay and perioperative complications were similar for high risk patients; however, the two-stage approach was associated with delayed weight loss. Single-stage management is recommended for moderate risk patients, particularly with significant metabolic disorders, whilst two-stage approach is a safe and feasible pathway for high risk individuals.
Dynamic changes of soluble HLA-G and cytokine plasma levels in cervical cancer patients: potential role in cancer progression and immunotherapy
Authors: Xu Hui-Hui , Xie You-You , Jun-Gan  , Yang Zhi , Han Qiu-Yue
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Chronic inflammation has been proven to be an important factor in carcinogenesis. Cytokines are the central mediators in the inflammatory microenvironment, and their release may be influenced by soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G). The aim of this study was to monitor the dynamic process of these soluble factors in patients with cervical cancer at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, trying to understand their relationship with diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Methods

We quantified plasma levels of sHLA-G and 12 cytokines using ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively, in the peripheral blood of patients with cervical cancer divided into three groups: preoperation, postoperation and clinical relapse. Healthy women were used as the control group. Data were analysed by non-parametric tests, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and Kaplan–Meier plotter (log-rank test).

Results

In this study, our findings showed that preoperation plasma levels of sHLA-G and the cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ in cervical cancer patients had a good discriminatory effect between cervical cancer patients and healthy women. It should be noted that plasma levels of sHLA-G, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly decreased within 30 days after radical hysterectomy (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between IL-6 and IL-10, IL-8 and IL-17 levels preoperatively. In contrast, sHLA-G levels were negatively correlated with IL-10 but not with other cytokines. An increased survival rate in patients with cervical cancer was associated with IL-5 < 1.70 pg/mL, IL-17 < 2.30 pg/mL, and IFN-α < 2.26 pg/mL preoperatively. In addition, our findings showed that the levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17, and IFN-γ may be related to 5-year relapse rates and/or the metastasis of cervical cancer.

Conclusion

The current findings enhance our understanding of the dynamic process (preoperation, postoperation and clinical relapse) of sHLA-G and these cytokines in the plasma of patients with cervical cancer from diagnosis to prognosis. These biomarkers may play a potential therapeutic target role of such dynamic changes in the immunotherapy for cervical cancer.
Explicit formulas for the inverses of Toeplitz matrices, with applications
Authors: Inoue Akihiko
Published: September 2022

We derive novel explicit formulas for the inverses of truncated block Toeplitz matrices that correspond to a multivariate minimal stationary process. The main ingredients of the formulas are the Fourier coefficients of the phase function attached to the spectral density of the process. The derivation of the formulas is based on a recently developed finite prediction theory applied to the dual process of the stationary process. We illustrate the usefulness of the formulas by two applications. The first one is a strong convergence result for solutions of general block Toeplitz systems for a multivariate short-memory process. The second application is closed-form formulas for the inverses of truncated block Toeplitz matrices corresponding to a multivariate ARMA process. The significance of the latter is that they provide us with a linear-time algorithm to compute the solutions of corresponding block Toeplitz systems.
Proper generalized decomposition solutions for composite laminates parametrized with fibre orientations
Authors: El-Ghamrawy K. , Zlotnik S. , Auricchio F. , Díez P.
Published: September 2022

Composite materials are gaining popularity as an alternative to classical materials in many different applications. Moreover, their design is even more flexible due to the potential of additive manufacturing. Thus, one can produce a tailored composite laminate with the optimal values of some design parameters providing the desired mechanical performance. In this context, having a parametric numerical model for the mechanical response of the composite laminate is essential to compute the optimal parameters. In the present paper, the design parameters under consideration are the angles describing the orientation of the reinforcement fibers in different layers or patches of the composite laminates. We obtain a generalized solution using Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) which is adopted to provide solutions with explicit parametric dependence. The Tsai-Wu failure criterion is used to estimate first ply failure. In this context, Tsai-Wu criterion is used as the objective function for the optimization of the fibre orientations in the laminate. The PGD solution provides also sensitivities for a gradient-based optimization algorithm. The potentiality and efficiency of the presented approach is demonstrated through some numerical tests.
Influence of Ni and Process Parameters in Medium Mn Steels Heat Treated by High Partitioning Temperature Q&P Cycles
Authors: Del Molino Eider , Arribas Telleria Maribel , Gilliams Casey , Arlazarov Artem , González Javier Jesús , De Moor Emmanuel , Speer John Gordon
Published: September 2022

In this work, two medium Mn steels (5.8 and 5.7 wt pct Mn) were subjected to a quenching and partitioning (Q&P) treatment employing a partitioning temperature which corresponded to the start of austenite reverse transformation (ART). The influence of a 1.6 wt pct Ni addition in one of the steels and cycle parameters on austenite stability and mechanical properties was also studied. High contents of retained austenite were obtained in the lower quenching temperature (QT) condition, which at the same time resulted in a finer microstructure. The addition of Ni was effective in stabilizing higher contents of austenite. The partitioning of Mn and Ni from martensite into austenite was observed by TEM–EDS. The partitioning behaviour of Mn depended on the QT condition. The lower QT condition facilitated Mn enrichment of austenite laths during partitioning and stabilization of a higher content of austenite. The medium Mn steel containing Ni showed outstanding values of the product of tensile strength (TS) and total elongation (TEL) in the lower QT condition and a higher mechanical stability of the austenite.
Barriers to attendance at a tertiary hospital’s perinatal mortality meeting
Authors: Burke Barbara , Boyd Sophie , McNamara Karen , O’Donoghue Keelin
Published: September 2022

Background

Perinatal mortality multi-disciplinary team meetings (PM-MDTMs) offer a forum for multi-disciplinary discussion of poor perinatal outcomes. They ensure a thorough understanding of individual cases and present an important learning opportunity for healthcare professionals (HCPs). Attendance at PM-MDTMs in this tertiary maternity hospital has been low.

Aims

We aimed to identify barriers which may be targeted to improve attendance and engagement.

Methods

An anonymous questionnaire was developed, and all HCPs invited to participate. Demographic data on respondents was collected, as was knowledge of PM-MDTMs, their purpose and relevance to clinical practice, and barriers to attendance at meetings. A total of 78 responses were obtained and analysed.

Results

Self-reported understanding of the purpose and format PM-MDTMs was high (84.6% (66/78) and 65.4% (51/78), respectively), while only 50% (39/78) of respondents provided an accurate description of either. Only 50% (39/78) reported having attended a meeting in the hospital, of whom 61.5% (24/39) described the correct meeting. Of these, 37.5% (9/24) reported attending regularly and 70.8% (17/24) found the meeting relevant to their clinical practice. Of the 33.33% (26/78) who reported attending a PM-MDTM in another hospital, 73.1% (19/26) accurately described the meeting, 63.1% (12/19) of these attended regularly, and 100% (19/19) found it relevant. Three main qualitative themes emerged as barriers to attendance and were areas for suggested improvements: workload and staffing levels, meeting logistics, and lack of communication and education regarding PM-MDTMs.

Conclusions

Communication regarding PM-MDTMs and their learning opportunities needs to improve. Lack of engagement is likely compounded by high workloads and staffing levels, but these issues should be surmountable.
Facile fabrication of cordierite-based porous ceramics with magnetic properties
Authors: Li Hao , Li Cuiwei , Jia Huaiming , Chen Guangjin , Li Siyuan , Chen Kepi , Wang Chang-An , Qiao Liang
Published: September 2022

In this paper, cordierite-based porous ceramics with magnetic properties have been firstly in-situ synthesized by using MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2 powders as raw materials and Fe3O4 as a functional additive. Combining with the foam freeze casting method, near net size fabrication (total linear shrinkage < 2.86%) of the magnetic porous materials was realized by adjusting the amount of Fe3O4. The porosity, compressive strength, and saturation magnetization of the prepared materials were 83.9%–87.8%, 1.51–2.65 MPa, and 1.2–5.8 emu/g, respectively. The phase composition and microstructure evolutions during sintering were investigated briefly. The results showed that the synthesis temperature of cordierite was lowered about 100 °C due to the addition of Fe3O4. Except for the main phase-cordierite, Mg—Al—Fe spinel and α-Fe2O3 also existed in the final materials. The lattice parameters of the Mg—Al—Fe spinel and the amount of α-Fe2O3 changed obviously with the change in the sintering temperature and Fe3O4 amount, which mainly influenced the magnetic properties of the prepared materials. Thus, a facile fabrication method of the cordierite-based porous ceramics with the magnetic properties has been put forward in this paper.
Islam and Monotheism
Authors: Ibrahim Celene
Published: September 2022

Monotheism (tawḥīd)-as attested to by the cosmos, known through reason, explicated in revelation, and exemplified by the lives of the righteous-forms the core of the Islamic worldview. A conviction in this unadulterated monotheism unifies Muslims across time and place; it is found in the core profession of faith (the shahāda) and is reinforced by thousands of Qur'anic verses and prophetic teachings. Drawing on the Qur'anic discourse, sayings of the Prophet Muḥammad, and select theological works, this Element provides a concise and accessible introduction to the most fundamental concept in Islamic thought. The work explains the nature and attributes of God and examines how tawḥīd informs conceptions of truth, morality, piety, and virtue.
Medieval Studies after the Global Turn
Authors: Ertl Thomas , Oschema Klaus
Published: September 2022

This contribution seeks to evaluate the influence of the “global turn” on medieval studies, with an accent on the European Middle Ages. Developing global perspectives for the premodern period constitutes a real challenge. First, the very notion of the “Middle Ages” is a Eurocentric concept and its application in non-European contexts can be criticized. Second, while the observation of far-ranging contacts and networks of exchange has opened important avenues for research in premodern history, the quantitative significance of those contacts remains difficult to evaluate. Third, there is an ongoing tension between different visions of (medieval) history’s function in society. Despite these problems, recent contributions to the “global Middle Ages” have opened up new approaches to phenomena that are equally pertinent for European medieval studies. While the global turn might not entirely reshape the history of medieval Europe, it certainly adds important layers and new perspectives to subjects that not only resonate with contemporary interests but have long been a concern of European medieval history, such as migration, commerce, and religion. In spite of the difficulties and challenges (methodological, linguistic, etc.) that it poses, the global turn has the potential to contribute to the development of new thematic approaches and new forms of cooperation in the field of medieval studies.
Analytic torsion for log-Enriques surfaces and Borcherds product
Authors: Dai Xianzhe , Yoshikawa Ken-Ichi
Published: September 2022

We introduce a holomorphic torsion invariant of log-Enriques surfaces of index two with cyclic quotient singularities of type

$\frac {1}{4}(1,1)$

. The moduli space of such log-Enriques surfaces with k singular points is a modular variety of orthogonal type associated with a unimodular lattice of signature

$(2,10-k)$

. We prove that the invariant, viewed as a function of the modular variety, is given by the Petersson norm of an explicit Borcherds product. We note that this torsion invariant is essentially the BCOV invariant in the complex dimension

$2$

. As a consequence, the BCOV invariant in this case is not a birational invariant, unlike the Calabi-Yau case.
Modulating the gut microenvironment as a treatment strategy for irritable bowel syndrome: a narrative review
Authors: Iribarren Cristina , Maasfeh Lujain , Öhman Lena , Simrén Magnus
Published: September 2022

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut–brain interaction with a complex pathophysiology. Growing evidence suggests that alterations of the gut microenvironment, including microbiota composition and function, may be involved in symptom generation. Therefore, attempts to modulate the gut microenvironment have provided promising results as an indirect approach for IBS management. Antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, food and faecal microbiota transplantation are the main strategies for alleviating IBS symptom severity by modulating gut microbiota composition and function (eg. metabolism), gut barrier integrity and immune activity, although with varying efficacy. In this narrative review, we aim to provide an overview of the current approaches targeting the gut microenvironment in order to indirectly manage IBS symptoms.
Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology of the upper Carboniferous strata of Hala’alat Mountain, West Junggar: implications for provenance
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Zhang Zhijie , Yuan Xuanjun , Liu Yinhe , Cheng Dawei , Wan Li , Zhou Chuanmin
Published: September 2022

During late Carboniferous time, the residual ocean basin gradually closed in West Junggar and only a small amount of seawater remained in the Hala’alat Mountain area, where discussions of provenance and tectonics are limited. In this study, LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating and heavy mineral identification are conducted on the upper Carboniferous tuffaceous sandstones from the Hala’alat and Aladeyikesai formations in the Hala’alat Mountain area. The results reveal the low maturity of the clastic sediments, indicating proximal deposition. The Hala’alat Formation detrital zircons present a single peak (c. 330 Ma). Speculatively, the primary provenance is the Boshchekul–Chingiz Arc, and the secondary sources are the Darbut Tectono-Magmatic Belt and island arcs in the basin. The main peak and provenance of the Aladeyikesai Formation are similar to those of the Hala’alat Formation. Moreover, several age groups, namely, 370–344 Ma, 427–404 Ma and 478–476 Ma, potentially correspond to provenances of the Darbut Tectono-Magmatic Belt, the Boshchekul–Chingiz Arc and the Kujibai–Hongguleleng Ophiolitic Mélange Belt. In addition, the maximum depositional ages of the Hala’alat and Aladeyikesai formations calculated are 314.6 ± 1.54 Ma and 330.8 ± 0.61 Ma, respectively. Comprehensive analysis shows a relatively singular provenance of the Hala’alat Formation. While the provenance of the Aladeyikesai Formation shows inheritance, the provenance area extends northwards to the Kujibai–Hongguleleng Ophiolitic Mélange Belt. Furthermore, the closure of the Junggar Ocean during Carboniferous time caused the potential source region of the Hala’alat Mountain area to migrate northeastwards from Barleik Mountain to Xiemisitai Mountain. This study provides a basis for the analysis of regional geological evolution.
Towards a new philosophical perspective on Hermann Weyl’s turn to intuitionism
Authors: Kish Bar-On Kati
Published: September 2022

Argument

The paper explores Hermann Weyl’s turn to intuitionism through a philosophical prism of normative framework transitions. It focuses on three central themes that occupied Weyl’s thought: the notion of the continuum, logical existence, and the necessity of intuitionism, constructivism, and formalism to adequately address the foundational crisis of mathematics. The analysis of these themes reveals Weyl’s continuous endeavor to deal with such fundamental problems and suggests a view that provides a different perspective concerning Weyl’s wavering foundational positions. Building on a philosophical model of scientific framework transitions and the special role that normative indecision or ambivalence plays in the process, the paper examines Weyl’s motives for considering such a radical shift in the first place. It concludes by showing that Weyl’s shifting stances should be regarded as symptoms of a deep, convoluted intrapersonal process of self-deliberation induced by exposure to external criticism.
In Memoriam: Professor Marc R. de Leval (April 16, 1941–June 26, 2022) - a tribute
Authors: Elliott Martin J. , Deanfield John E.
Published: September 2022

This manuscript is a personal tribute to Professor Marc de Leval from two of his colleagues: Professor Martin J. Elliott and Professor John E. Deanfield. As stated by the authors: “Marc’s career history is presented in the accompanying eulogy from the current Heart & Lung Team at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), allowing us to highlight Marc’s personal qualities that made him such an inspirational colleague. … Marc was, as we have said, the cardiologist’s surgeon. He was also the surgeon’s cardiologist, bridging the two disciplines and fusing the team. He was delighted by the advent of interventional cardiology and did not see it as a threat or competition, but instead, as appropriate for the well-being of his patients. He recognised how traumatic surgery could be for patients and their families and sought to avoid it whenever possible by alternative treatments. Marc will be remembered with love and admiration by his many patients and their families, whose lives he changed. His technical skill, energy, devotion, humour, intellect and influence will be sorely missed. May he rest in peace.”
Cyclosporin for treatment of refractory multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in a child
Authors: Gámez-González Luisa Berenise , Hamada Hiromichi , Yamazaki-Nakashimada Marco Antonio
Published: September 2022

Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children is an inflammatory condition with multiorgan dysfunction that manifest late in the course of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We present a 12-year-old boy with a history of fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. He developed shock with ventricular dysfunction and pericardial effusion. He was diagnosed with multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, and tocilizumab proved to be ineffective. Eventually, the patient responded to cyclosporin-A treatment. Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children has been treated with immunoglobulins and glucocorticoids and in refractory cases biologics and cyclosporin-A have been used. Intravenous and oral cyclosporin-A seems to be a safe and effective alternative treatment for refractory multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children patients.
Clio between Revolution and Collapse: The Making of the Historical Discipline in the Late Ottoman Empire
Authors: Sönmez Erdem
Published: September 2022

Although the establishment of history as a discipline has been examined extensively for European, North American, and, partly, Asian contexts, the Ottoman case still constitutes a neglected issue in the study of the global history of historiography and, in broader terms, of modern intellectual history. The present article focuses on the late Ottoman intellectual world and explores the making of the historical discipline in the Ottoman Empire. It argues that this transformation was the consequence of a number of interrelated factors, such as the turbulent developments in late Ottoman politics, Ottoman(ist) efforts to forge a “national” historical master narrative after the 1908 Constitutional Revolution, and Ottoman historians’ engagement with European historical thought and writing. Besides examining these factors and the ways in which they interacted, the article deals in detail with the works of late Ottoman historians to probe the Ottoman case of the professionalization of history.
Antarctic Ice Mass Change (2003–2016) Jointly Estimated by Satellite Gravimetry and Altimetry
Authors: Kim Byeong‐Hoon , Seo Ki‐Weon , Lee Choon‐Ki , Kim Jae‐Seung , Chen Jianli , Wilson Clark R.
Published: September 2022

Accurate estimation of ongoing Antarctic ice mass change is important to predict future ice mass loss and subsequent sea level rise. Over the past two decades, Antarctic ice mass changes have been observed by the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) gravity mission, but the low spatial resolution of GRACE has limited understanding of glacial‐scale contributions. In this study, we combine GRACE and altimetry data to obtain mass change estimates with greatly improved spatial resolution. Combined estimates are obtained by a constrained linear deconvolution algorithm used in a previous GRACE study. Satellite altimetry observations are introduced as an a priori and resulting estimates retain the high spatial resolution of satellite altimetry, but when smoothed agree with low resolution GRACE data. These glacial‐scale estimates also agree with ice budget calculations using the input‐output method.
Crustal Structure of the Camamu‐Almada Margin Along the Northeastern Rift Segment of Brazil From an Integration of Deep‐Penetration Seismic Reflection Profiles, Refraction, and Gravity Modeling
Authors: Romito Sean , Mann Paul
Published: September 2022

The Camamu‐Almada segment of the northeastern Brazil rifted‐passive margin covers an area of 22,000 km2 and includes: (a) thin to ultra‐thin metamorphic continental crust; (b) a transitional zone of unknown composition; and (c) Albian and younger oceanic crust. We investigate the structural‐magmatic evolution of the region by interpreting 19,000 line km of two‐dimensional reflection seismic data, 105 offshore well logs, and 15 seismic refraction stations. Interpretation of these data suggests that the 100 km‐wide rifted zone is structurally complex and composed of at least three discrete crustal blocks: (a) 10–40 km‐wide and 4–6 km‐thick zones of hyperextended continental and possibly unroofed lower continental crust with an average density of 2.88 g/cc; (b) two 20 km‐wide sub‐circular zones of exhumed mantle with an average density of 3.1 g/cc; and (c) 40–60 km‐wide and 6–7 km‐thick proto‐oceanic crust that formed in situ. These blocks are similar in thickness and composition to rifted zones described by previous workers along its conjugate margin in Gabon, West Africa, and on the rifted‐passive margin of the western Mediterranean.
Episodic Venting of a Submarine Gas Seep on Geological Time Scales: Formosa Ridge, Northern South China Sea
Authors: Kunath Pascal , Crutchley Gareth , Chi Wu‐Cheng , Berndt Christian , Liu Char‐Shine , Elger Judith , Klaeschen Dirk , Bohrmann Gerhard
Published: September 2022

The Formosa Ridge cold seep is among the first documented active seeps on the northern South China Sea passive margin slope. Although this system has been the focus of scientific studies for decades, the geological factors controlling gas release are not well understood due to a lack of constraints of the subsurface structure and seepage history. Here, we use high‐resolution 3D seismic data to image stratigraphic and structural relationships associated with fluid expulsion, which provide spatio‐temporal constraints on the gas hydrate system at depth and methane seepage at modern and paleo seafloors. Gas has accumulated beneath the base of gas hydrate stability to a critical thickness, causing hydraulic fracturing, propagation of a vertical gas conduit, and morphological features (mounds) at paleo‐seafloor horizons. These mounds record multiple distinct gas migration episodes between 300,000 and 127,000 years ago, separated by periods of dormancy. Episodic seepage still seems to occur at the present day, as evidenced by two separate fronts of ascending gas imaged within the conduit. We propose that episodic seepage is associated with enhanced seafloor sedimentation. The increasing overburden leads to an increase in effective horizontal stress that exceeds the gas pressure at the top of the gas reservoir. As a result, the conduit closes off until the gas reservoir is replenished to a new (greater) critical thickness to reopen hydraulic fractures. Our results provide intricate detail of long‐term methane flux through sub‐seabed seep systems, which is important for assessing its impact on seafloor and ocean biogeochemistry.
Assimilation of Temperatures and Column Dust Opacities Measured by ExoMars TGO‐ACS‐TIRVIM During the MY34 Global Dust Storm
Authors: Young Roland M. B. , Millour Ehouarn , Guerlet Sandrine , Forget François , Ignatiev Nikolay , Grigoriev Alexey V. , Shakun Alexey V. , Trokhimovskiy Alexander , Montmessin Franck , Korablev Oleg
Published: September 2022

We assimilate atmospheric temperature profiles and column dust optical depth observations from the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter Atmospheric Chemistry Suite thermal infrared channel (TIRVIM) into the Mars Planetary Climate Model. The assimilation period is Mars Year 34 Ls = 182.3°–211.4°, covering the onset and peak of the 2018 global dust storm. We assimilated observations using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter with 36 ensemble members and adaptive inflation; our nominal configuration assimilated TIRVIM temperature profiles to update temperature and dust profiles, followed by dust column optical depths to update the total column dust abundance. The observation operator for temperature used the averaging kernels and prior profile from the TIRVIM retrievals. We verified our analyses against in‐sample TIRVIM observations and independent Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) temperature and dust density‐scaled opacity profiles. When dust observations were assimilated, the root‐mean‐square temperature error verified against MCS fell by 50% during the onset period of the storm, compared with assimilating temperature alone. At the peak of the storm the analysis reproduced the location and magnitude of the peak in the nighttime MCS dust distribution, along with the surface pressure diurnal cycle measured by Curiosity with a bias of less than 10 Pa. The analysis winds showed that, at the peak of the storm, the meridional circulation strengthened, a 125 m s−1 asymmetry developed in the midlatitude zonal jets, the diurnal tide weakened near the equator and strengthened to 10–15 K at midlatitudes, and the semi‐diurnal tide strengthened almost everywhere, particularly in the equatorial lower atmosphere.
A Parametric Study of Performance of Two Solar Wind Velocity Forecasting Models During 2006–2011
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Srivastava Nandita
Published: September 2022

There is an increasing need for the development of a robust space weather forecasting framework. State‐of‐the‐art MHD space weather forecasting frameworks are based upon the Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) and Schatten Current Sheet (SCS) extrapolation models for the magnetic field using synoptic magnetograms. These models create a solar wind (SW) background for the simulations using empirical relations of Wang, Sheeley and Arge (WSA), at the inner boundary of heliosphere and have been used to simulate coronal mass ejections for specific cases in previous studies. Besides these MHD frameworks, the Heliospheric Upwind eXtrapolation (HUX) technique can extrapolate SW from inner heliospheric boundaries to L1 and can give a reliable estimate of the SW velocity at L1 comparable to MHD models but in a short computational time. We carried out an extensive parametric study of the performance of the Model1 (PFSS+WSA+HUX) and Model2 (PFSS+SCS+WSA+HUX) for SW velocity prediction at L1. We implemented this framework on 60 Carrington Rotations from CR2047 to CR2107 during 2006–2011, covering the descending and deep minimum phase of solar cycle (SC) 23, and the ascending phase of SC 24. Our results show an unexpected decrease in the performance of the framework during the deep minimum phase of cycle 23, which is attributed to the decrease in the observed coronal hole area. As SC 24 began, this decreasing trend vanished due to an increase in the coronal hole (CH) area at the low and mid‐latitudes, suggesting a good correlation between the performance of the framework and the variation in the CH area.
Quantifying Reagent Spreading by Cross‐Borehole Electrical Tomography to Assess Performance of Groundwater Remediation
Authors: Lévy L. , Thalund‐Hansen R. , Bording T. , Fiandaca G. , Christiansen A. V. , Rügge K. , Tuxen N. , Hag M. , Bjerg P. L.
Published: September 2022

In situ remediation of contaminated groundwater often relies on the installation of a treatment zone (TZ) degrading the contamination. Zero‐valent‐iron (ZVI) is a type of reagent used for this purpose. Adequate delivery of ZVI in the whole target volume is particularly challenging and requires monitoring with high spatial resolution. We present a monitoring tool for imaging the dynamic spreading of ZVI and its associated ionic cloud, using cross‐borehole time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). This tool works in urban areas and is particularly suitable for achieving the required spatial resolution at the scale of the target volume. Groundwater and sediment samples show a consistent spatial and temporal distribution of the remediation cloud with cross‐borehole ERT. Yet, the 2D anomalies observed with cross‐borehole ERT provide a more spatially complete and rapid image of the remediation cloud distribution than if based solely on monitoring screens. At the study site, ZVI injection leads to uneven spreading, clearly documented by cross‐borehole ERT monitoring. The benefit of hydraulic conductivity (K) mapping by cross‐borehole induced polarization (IP) to understand unexpected injection paths (upstream leakage, spreading in preferred pathways) is investigated. A 2D, IP‐based, continuous, and coherent K‐distribution is obtained that compares well with estimations by grain size analyses from the TZ. However, the IP‐based K‐field fails at predicting injection paths, suggesting the creation of pathways during the high‐pressure injection of ZVI. Cross‐borehole time‐lapse ERT is the most promising geophysical tool for performance assessment of in situ remediation involving reagents with conductivity contrast.
Bacterial ectosymbionts in cuticular organs chemically protect a beetle during molting stages
Authors: Janke Rebekka S , Kaftan Filip , Niehs Sarah P , Scherlach Kirstin , Rodrigues Andre , Svatoš Aleš , Hertweck Christian , Kaltenpoth Martin , Flórez Laura V
Published: September 2022

In invertebrates, the cuticle is the first and major protective barrier against predators and pathogen infections. While immune responses and behavioral defenses are also known to be important for insect protection, the potential of cuticle-associated microbial symbionts to aid in preventing pathogen entry during molting and throughout larval development remains unexplored. Here, we show that bacterial symbionts of the beetle Lagria villosa inhabit unusual dorsal invaginations of the insect cuticle, which remain open to the outer surface and persist throughout larval development. This specialized location enables the release of several symbiont cells and the associated protective compounds during molting. This facilitates ectosymbiont maintenance and extended defense during larval development against antagonistic fungi. One Burkholderia strain, which produces the antifungal compound lagriamide, dominates the community across all life stages, and removal of the community significantly impairs the survival probability of young larvae when exposed to different pathogenic fungi. We localize both the dominant bacterial strain and lagriamide on the surface of eggs, larvae, pupae, and on the inner surface of the molted cuticle (exuvia), supporting extended protection. These results highlight adaptations for effective defense of immature insects by cuticle-associated ectosymbionts, a potentially key advantage for a ground-dwelling insect when confronting pathogenic microbes.
Generation of multipartite entanglement between spin-1 particles with bifurcation-based quantum annealing
Authors: Matsuzaki Yuichiro , Imoto Takashi , Susa Yuki
Published: September 2022

Quantum annealing is a way to solve a combinational optimization problem where quantum fluctuation is induced by transverse fields. Recently, a bifurcation-based quantum annealing with spin-1 particles was suggested as another mechanism to implement the quantum annealing. In the bifurcation-based quantum annealing, each spin is initially prepared in $$|0\rangle$$

|
0
⟩

, let this state evolve by a time-dependent Hamiltonian in an adiabatic way, and we find a state spanned by $$|\pm 1\rangle$$

|
±
1
⟩

at the end of the evolution. Here, we propose a scheme to generate multipartite entanglement, namely GHZ states, between spin-1 particles by using the bifurcation-based quantum annealing. We gradually decrease the detuning of the spin-1 particles while we adiabatically change the amplitude of the external driving fields. Due to the dipole-dipole interactions between the spin-1 particles, we can prepare the GHZ state after performing this protocol. We discuss possible implementations of our scheme by using nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond.
Experimental evidence of effective human–AI collaboration in medical decision-making
Authors: Reverberi Carlo , Rigon Tommaso , Solari Aldo , Hassan Cesare , Cherubini Paolo ,   GI Genius CADx Study Group, Antonelli Giulio , Awadie Halim , Bernhofer Sebastian , Carballal Sabela , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Fernández-Clotett Agnès , Esparrach Glòria Fernández , Gralnek Ian , Higasa Yuta , Hirabayashi Taku , Hirai Tatsuki , Iwatate Mineo , Kawano Miki , Mader Markus , Maieron Andreas , Mattes Sebastian , Nakai Tastuya , Ordas Ingrid , Ortigão Raquel , Zúñiga Oswaldo Ortiz , Pellisé Maria , Pinto Cláudia , Riedl Florian , Sánchez Ariadna , Steiner Emanuel , Tanaka Yukari , Cherubini Andrea
Published: September 2022

Artificial Intelligence (ai) systems are precious support for decision-making, with many applications also in the medical domain. The interaction betweenmds andaienjoys a renewed interest following the increased possibilities of deep learning devices. However, we still have limited evidence-based knowledge of the context, design, and psychological mechanisms that craft an optimal human–aicollaboration. In this multicentric study, 21 endoscopists reviewed 504 videos of lesions prospectively acquired from real colonoscopies. They were asked to provide an optical diagnosis with and without the assistance of anaisupport system. Endoscopists were influenced byai($$\textsc {or}=3.05$$OR=3.05), but not erratically: they followed theaiadvice more when it was correct ($$\textsc {or}=3.48$$OR=3.48) than incorrect ($$\textsc {or}=1.85$$OR=1.85). Endoscopists achieved this outcome through a weighted integration of their and theaiopinions, considering the case-by-case estimations of the two reliabilities. This Bayesian-like rational behavior allowed the human–aihybrid team to outperform both agents taken alone. We discuss the features of the human–aiinteraction that determined this favorable outcome.