bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation based on RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers in western tarsiers (Cephalopachus bancanus) from South Sumatra and Bangka Island
Authors: Pratiwi Putri Rizki , Muharni Muharni , Setiawan Arum , Hanum Laila , Yustian Indra
Published: January 2025

The western tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus) is a nocturnal primate classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Understanding the genetic variation of tarsier populations in South Sumatra and Bangka Island is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies to protect this unique species. The research aims to determine the genetic variations of tarsiers from South Sumatra and Bangka Island by using 10 primers of the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular marker, namely ILO 525, ILO 1212, ILO 1204, OPE 16, OPE 17, OPE 19, OPF 06, OPF 04, OPY 03 and OPY 13. The RAPD primers utilized in this study are universal and effectively detect genetic diversity at interspecies and intraspecies levels. These primers have demonstrated the ability to produce clear and distinct electrophoresis band patterns in primates and other mammals. A total of six tissue samples were collected from Bangka Island, specifically from Petaling Village, Mendo Barat, and two additional samples were obtained from South Sumatra, originating from Selangit, Musi Rawas, and Padang Bindu, Ogan Komering Ulu. The Bangka Island samples were derived from a single population inhabiting a secondary forest characterized by shrubs and old rubber plantations. In contrast, the South Sumatra samples were obtained from secondary forest environments. Eight of the ten RAPD primers successfully amplified 89 DNA fragments, exhibiting a high degree of polymorphism. The genetic distance analysis, based on Dice coefficient values ranging from 0.000 to 0.629, revealed varying levels of genetic divergence among the samples. The bootstrap analysis further demonstrated that the relationships among all Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus) samples had a confidence level exceeding 50%. The observed high polymorphism reflects substantial genetic variability among the samples. RAPD markers thus offer a valuable tool for studies focusing on the relationships within closely related populations.
The Basic Laws of Trade: Reconstructing the Theory of International Trade
Authors: Rahman Abdurrahman Arum
Published: January 2025

We developed hypothetical basic laws of trade that could reconstruct and refine the theory of international trade. The basic laws could naturally give rise to comparative advantages in every country. The probability that a country has no comparative advantage at all is close to zero. At the international level, the basic laws require a hypothetical true exchange rate (TER) that makes fundamentals and monetary aligned. If the TER requirement is fulfilled, then all countries should have equal comparative advantages, international trade should be relatively balanced, they all could benefit from trading regardless of competitiveness and cost. In this condition, gains from trade are optimal for all nations. To demonstrate the workability of this hypothesis, we make trade simulations 2x2 and 5x20.
A Self-Balancing, Self-Stabilizing, and Self-Sufficient International Monetary System
Authors: Rahman Abdurrahman Arum
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a symmetrical international monetary system (IMS) that can be self-balancing, self-stabilizing, and self-sufficient, called an “organic system”. The organic system issues a cross-border means of payment called “organic currency”. Organic currency is only for international transactions between member countries. Domestic transactions continue to use their respective national currencies. Non-member countries cannot use organic currency. The system can provide international liquidity for all member countries in the world efficiently and sustainably. Our simulation shows that this system could eliminate global imbalances to the roots and make the IMS naturally stable. While the current accounts, foreign balance sheets, and FX reserves of all member countries tend to be self-sufficient. The organic system could potentially eliminate the two main problems of current IMS, namely global imbalances and instability so that it could eliminate the potential for currency crises at their roots. The organic system could also make international trade relatively balanced, eliminating the potential for trade exploitation (beggar-thy-neighbor), international trade disputes, and trade wars. We implanted a digital and decentralized system, which works semi-automatically. This system is flexible; it can start from anywhere in the world and any country may join.
Структурно-функціональна модель організації сільськогосподарських товариств України 19-20 ст.
Authors: Demuz Inna , Vergunova Iryna
Published: January 2025

Метою статті є аналіз трансформаційних змін у структурно-функціональній моделі організації сільськогосподарських товариств України 19-20 ст.
Наукова новизна полягає у комплексному розгляді феномену сільськогосподарських товариств на теренах України як в імперський, так і радянський, а також сучасний періоди; відслідковуванні еволюційних змін у їхній структурі та функціях під впливом основних політико-ідеологічних чинників. Не дивлячись на існування в історіографії значної кількості констатуючих публікацій про ті чи інші галузеві товариства, авторами зроблено акцент саме на порівняльному зрізі структурно-функціональної моделі цих об’єднань протягом 19-20 ст.
Висновки. Встановлено, що структурно-функціональна модель організації перших сільськогосподарських товариств України 19 ст. базувалася на ініціативі місцевих територіальних громад, згодом активно підтримана на державному рівні, перш за все, через законодавче регулювання. Ці осередки, функціонуючи винятково на демократичних засадах, стали центрами розвитку наукових досліджень з агрономії на місцях, а пізніше – відіграли генеруючу роль у формуванні нових колективних форм роботи через спеціалізовані дослідницькі інституції.
Доведено, що структурно-функціональна модель товариств радянського періоду була кардинально іншою: усі існуючі до того об’єднання з 1920-х рр. поступово були інкорпоровані до академічних структур (Всеукраїнської академії наук, згодом – Академії наук УРСР), або ж такими, що від самого початку сформувалися у системі підконтрольних державі органів – зокрема, профспілок.
Констатовано, що до кінця 1920-х рр. в Україні функціонували такі групи громадсько-наукових об’єднань: краєзнавчі товариства; універсальні наукові товариства при ВУАН; самостійно функціонуючі наукові товариства (поза структурою ВУАН); вузькоспеціалізовані сільськогосподарські товариства кооперативного спрямування; всесоюзні (згодом – республіканські) галузеві науково-технічні товариства у системі профспілок. Саме остання категорія товариств стала домінуючою у структурі громадських об’єднань учених і фахівців галузі до кінця 1980-х рр. Окрім того, з 1940-х рр. і далі при галузевих науково-дослідних інститутах Академії наук УРСР почали створюватися академічні наукові товариства. На їхній дослідницькій базі у 1990-х рр. постали товариства українських вчених – добровільні, самоврядні та публічні науково-громадські організації фахівців певної галузі.
Жіночий вимір шкільних практик другої половини 1940-х – 1980-х років
Authors: Lavrut Olga
Published: January 2025

Метою дослідження є характеристика становища педагогині у радянському суспільстві шляхом аналізу освітнього рівня жінки; характеристики педагогині поза межами школи – як громадської діячки, учасниці господарського життя УРСР, жінки.
Новизна наукової роботи полягає у тому, що охарактеризовано діяльність учительки школи УРСР зазначеного періоду з різних ракурсів – громадської діячки, жінки, особистості.
Висновки. Активна позиція жіноцтва у соціумі вимагає від сучасної історичної науки переосмислення її статусу як особистості. Вивчення місця та ролі жінки у педагогічному процесі радянської доби 1940-80-х років показало, що педагогині шкіл УРСР зазначеного періоду виконували велику кількість зобов’язань і функцій, спектр яких охоплює широке коло від громадсько-політичних до особистих. Переважна більшість з них припадала на діяльність у закладах освіти. Від другої половини 1940-х рр. і до кінця 1980-х рр. освітній рівень учителів-жінок зростав, що дало можливість не лише продемонструвати державі їх підтримку, а й долучати до різних сфер і напрямків діяльності, використовуючи їх потужний фізичний, інтелектуальний і психологічний потенціал. Педагогині були депутатами місцевих рад і Верховної ради УРСР, мали звання «Заслуженого вчителя УРСР» та інші нагороди. Вони займалися пропагандистською роботою, підготовкою до виборів, були членкинями організацій і комісій. Поряд із цим сімейно-побутові клопоти також залишалися за ними. Вони, переважно, розчинялися у суспільному, забуваючи про власний світ. Держава має підтримувати жіноцтво, оскільки воно виконує потужну соціальну роль і функції та прагне реалізувати власні візії на різні питання, а тому його досвід є корисним, особливо, якщо це інтелігенція.
The Establishment of the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) in 1999
Authors: Dibrani Behxhet
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the research paper is to consider the role of the UN territorial administrations (interim missions) in the 1990s, focusing on establishing of the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) in 1999.
The scientific novelty. The development of a specific international institution is traced – the UN territorial administrations, which played an important role in establishing the governance of conflict territories. Changes in the intended use of these missions and their transformation into a state-building institution are shown. The important role of the established 1999 UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo for imposing peace and security in the region and forming state institutions of the Republic of Kosovo is emphasized.
Conclusions. Since 1945, the territorial administrations, established by the United Nations in various countries, have undergone numerous changes, especially after the Cold War, that is, in the 1990s. These institutions were not multi-purpose and did not have strategic planning, and today, as the example of Bosnia and Kosovo has shown, they already have a broad goal of state building.
The establishment of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999 was based on UN Resolution 1244, which mandated consolidating democratic institutions, building them up, and gradually transferring powers to provisional self-governing institutions of Kosovo. The formation of UNMIK was crucial for establishing peace and security in Kosovo, as it enabled the organization of democratic institutions that were consolidated and completed, and it was a historic success for both the United Nations and Kosovo.
The beginning of this mission faced numerous challenges, but the international administrations, using first a strategy of institutionalization and then democratization in the society that had just emerged from the war, managed to establish law and order in Kosovo. In 1999, the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo first established security and order, then organized the first local elections by establishing local institutions, and managed to fill the political and social vacuum in Kosovo.
In accordance with the Constitutional Framework, provisional institutions of self-government, such as a president, a prime minister, and a parliament, were established in Kosovo. These institutions, together with the UNMIK, organized political, economic, and social life and established order and laws so that Kosovo society functioned as a normal society under international rules and laws.
Політична та військова допомога британського уряду Б. Джонсона Україні (лютий-вересень 2022 р.)
Authors: Mashevskyi Oleh , Sukhobokova Olga
Published: January 2025

Метою роботи є висвітлення політично-дипломатичної та військово-технічної допомоги Україні урядом Великої Британії на чолі з Борисом Джонсоном під час повномасштабного вторгнення РФ у лютому-вересні 2022 р.
Наукова новизна полягає в тому, що у статті цілісно та всебічно проаналізовано роль і місце уряду Б. Джонсона у згуртуванні країн Заходу на підтримку України, постачання сучасної британської зброї Збройним силам України, дипломатична підтримка України, як на двосторонньому рівні, так і в міжнародних організаціях і на міжнародних форумах. Розкриваються обсяги, форми, терміни й особливості надання допомоги. Розглянуто вплив непересічної особистості Б. Джонсона та його особливого ставлення до України на допомогу українському народу у боротьбі проти збройної агресії Росії.
Висновки. Головні напрями британської допомоги Україні окреслилися ще напередодні російського повномасштабного вторгнення. Велика Британія, багато в чому завдяки зусиллям очільника уряду Б. Джонсона, була лідером щодо надання військово-технічної підтримки (наприклад, ручні протитанкові ракетні комплекси NLAW) і тренуванні українських військових фахівців. Політично-дипломатична підтримка полягала, зокрема, в активній роботі із союзниками Сполученого Королівства по НАТО, країнами ЄС, спрямованій на формування коаліції з допомоги Україні й виробленні та реалізації спільної санкційної політики щодо країни-агресора.
З початком російської повномасштабної агресії, питання підтримки України та її перемоги у війні стало одним з пріоритетних політичних завдань і морально-ціннісних орієнтирів для Б. Джонсона. Поряд з президентом США Джозефом Байденом, він став ініціатором та організатором масштабної багаторівневої допомоги Україні на державному та міжнародному рівнях. Саме британський уряд першим з-поміж іноземних держав надавав Україні різні види летальної, зокрема важкої, високотехнологічної зброї, спонукаючи й інших світових лідерів до цього. Водночас, це доповнювалося навчанням тисяч українських військових, постачанням боєприпасів та спорядження для ЗСУ, фінансуванням ремонту техніки.
Characterization of ultra-heat-treated whole milk in Tehran during their shelf life:Physicochemical changes, microbiological quality and sensory evaluation
Authors: Shahbaz Arameh , Koushki Mohammadreza , Khanniri Elham , Khorshidian Nasim
Published: January 2025

In the present study, the physicochemical changes(titratable acidity, fat, density and solids-not-fat), microbiological quality (total count) and sensory properties (odor, flavor, colorand overall acceptance) of whole ultra-heat-treated (UHT) milk marketed in Tehran, Iran were assessed during the storage period(0, 90 and 180 days). Five brands of whole UHT milk were selected to determine the quality of samples. The results showed that acidity of UHT milk samples increased during storage, whereas the fat content decreased. However, titratable acidity and density of brands C and B respectively were not in accordance with standard. Total bacteria count tests indicated that there was less than 10 cfu D mL microorganism in UHT milk samples over storage time (0, 90 and 180 days). All brands were similar in respect of color and flavor. Although there was a decrease in sensory characteristics of UHT milk products during storage peri.od (0, 90and 180 days), they were organoleptically acceptable after sixmonths storage
Study on incidences, risk factors and bacterial populations involved in subclinicalmastitis cases in the conventional vis-à-vis organic dairy farming under small holder system in Indian Sundarban region
Authors: Halder Rinika , Bandyopadhya Samiran , Ghosh Sarbaswarup
Published: January 2025

Organic dairy farming is being promoted in Indian Sundarban region through the ‘Women Milk Producers’ Cooperative Society’ under the aegis of Sundarban Milk Union of West Bengal. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of sub clinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy herds maintained by small holders in two production system (organic vis-à-vis conventional). Total numbers of 34 dairy farmers were selected for the study. Out of the 34 numbers of farmers, 50%farmers (n =17) had adopted organic milk production practices and the remaining (n = 17) farmers used to practice conventional dairy farming. Callifornia Mastitis Test (CMT) kit was used to evaluate incidences of SCM. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for analysis of associated management risk factors for SCM. Positive milk samples from organic growers were subjected to microbial analysis and antibiogram. Data was analyzed for descriptive statistics by SPSS program v. 20.0. Results revealed that the incidences of SCM is not significantly (p<0.05) different in organic (35.3%) and conventional (29.4%) dairy production system, indicating chronic and long standing infection in udders. Besides, no significant (p<0.05) difference between the two production system was observed in management risk factorsassociated with SCM. It was found that Staphylococcus aureus is the causative organism responsible for SCM under organic dairy production system in the study area. It can be concluded that to reduce high rate of SCM in the region, regular monitoring of udder health with holistic approach is necessary
Quality and functional attributes of vacuum-packed yak milk mozzarella cheeseas influenced by storage
Authors: Singh Tarun Pal , Bam Joken , Deshwal Gaurav Kr , Paul Vijay , Medhi Dinamani , Sarkar Mihir
Published: January 2025

The fresh mozzarella cheese was developed from yak milk by using direct acidification method, packaged under vacuum atmosphere and stored at 4±1°C for 35 days. The effect of storage was evaluated on proximate composition, physicochemical, functional, microbiological and sensory properties of yak milk mozzarella cheese at defined interval. Among the proximate composition, the moisture content of cheese varied from 48.17%at day 0 to 47.00% at the end of storage. As the storage period progressed, a non-significant differences (p>0.05) was observed for the fat, protein and ash content. Storage time significantly(p<0.05) affected the physicochemical properties of cheese sample, including pH, titratable acidity [lactic acid (% by weight)],tyrosine value (μg/g) and total free fatty acids (μm/g). A significant increase (p<0.05) in functional properties (meltability, free oil formation and stretchablity) of cheese sample was recorded as the storage progressed. A significant increase in the standard plate count and, yeast and mould count was also observed during progress of storage. The sensory evaluation of cheese sample revealed that colour & appearance, flavour, overall acceptability was non-significant (p>0.05) while, body & texture was significant(p<0.05) during storage. Therefore, it was concluded that the vacuum-packed yak milk mozzarella cheese sample could be stored up to 28 days with optimum organoleptic attributes, functional properties and without significant changes.
Ekstravasasi Kemoterapi Akibat Cisplatin Dan 5-Fluorourasil : Laporan Kasus
Authors: Lestari Wahyu , Hajar Sitti , Earlia Nanda , Fitria Fitria
Published: January 2025

Ekstravasasi kemoterapi adalah infiltrasi terapi antikanker sistemik yang tidak disengaja ke dalam jaringan subkutan atau subdermal di sekitar lokasi injeksi. Manifestasi klinis dapat terjadi segera ataupun beberapa lama setelah pemberian obat kemoterapi. Secara klinis terjadi iritasi pembuluh darah, iskemik vaskular dan akhirnya menyebabkan nekrosis pada kulit. Dilaporkan kasus ekstravasasi akibat kemoterapi dengan cisplatin dan 5-fluorourasil. Keluhan yang dialami adalah bercak merah disertai dengan bintik merah yang nyeri pada beberapa bagian tubuh setelah mendapat kemoterapi yang diinjeksikan pada lengan bawah kanan. Lesi kulit muncul setelah beberapa hari mendapat obat kemoterapi. Klinis terlihat papul-papul eritem pada pipi kanan, leher kiri dan kanan, dan plak eritem linier dengan ukuran bervariasi, dan papul eritema yang tersebar di sekitarnya. Pasien diberi terapi dengan kortikosteroid potensi sedang selama 1 minggu dan terjadi sedikit perbaikan. Pengobatan yang spesifik untuk kasus ekstravasasi akibat kemoterapi belum ada, yang paling utama penentuan lokasi, kanula dan prosedur penyuntikan secara tepat sehingga resiko terjadinya ekstravasasi dapat dicegah.
Análise comparativa entre os conceitos do logos divino no pensamento estoico do antigo pórtico e no cristianismo primevo
Authors: Pereira Thiago da Silva , Batista Flávio Donizete
Published: January 2025

Classicamente, o estoicismo é dividido em 3 (três) momentos, sendo a primeira fase, o antigo Pórtico, aquela em que se consolida o conceito do logos como criador de tudo o que há. O escopo precípuo do presente artigo é cotejar o conceito da razão divina (logos) apresentado pelo estoicismo do antigo Pórtico com aquele descrito pelos primeiros pensadores da cristandade primitiva. Para tratar do objeto desse estudo comparativo, buscou-se a revisão bibliográfica como método qualitativo de análise, concluindo-se, assim, pela harmonia parcial entre ambos conceitos. A convergência se dá no que se refere ao Deus criador, à fração desse Logos que existe
no homem e à iluminação da existência do homem com propósito de vida. Quanto aos pontos de deflexão, pôde-se inferir que, a despeito de ambas correntes de pensamento abarcarem a existência de um Criador, seus atributos possuem aspectos distintos quanto à substância (imanente para os estoicos e transcendente para os cristãos), providência (impessoal para os estoicos e pessoal para os cristãos) e natureza (se iguala à natureza humana para os estoicos e se difere da natureza humana para os cristãos).
Fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais: segurança e implicações da automedicação
Authors: Mançano Henrico Rabelo , Alves Luis Felipe Silva , Santos Nathally Claudiane de Souza , Splendor Maria Clara
Published: January 2025

O objetivo é identificar os benefícios e riscos dos fitoterápicos, sublinhando a importância da regulamentação para garantir qualidade e segurança. Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, o uso indiscriminado de fitoterápicos aumentou, reforçando a necessidade de regulamentação para prevenir reações adversas e interações perigosas. Para garantir segurança, o Brasil implementou programas que promovem regulamentação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade. A Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) regula o registro e a comercialização desses produtos, assegurando qualidade. A metodologia inclui revisão bibliográfica em bases como Scielo, PubMed e Google Acadêmico. O uso de plantas medicinais exige cautela. A regulamentação e a orientação profissional são essenciais para garantir o uso seguro e eficaz, evitando riscos à saúde e promovendo o bem-estar dos pacientes.
The attractiveness of the teaching profession: a integrative literature review
Authors: Thomas Dotta Leanete , Rodrigues Sónia , Joana Luciana , Carvalho Maria João
Published: January 2025

The widespread shortage of teachers highlights the urgent need to examine the factors influencing the attractiveness of the teaching profession. This issue is driven by high rates of early-career attrition, an ageing workforce, and a decline in candidates entering teacher education programs. Understanding the factors that make the profession appealing—or unappealing—has become essential for ensuring educational quality and equity. An integrative literature review was conducted to identify the key themes related to the attractiveness of the teaching profession, synthesizing evidence from multiple studies and highlighting research gaps. Findings reveal that teaching still attracts candidates driven by intrinsic motivations and social utility. However, external factors such as low salaries, challenging working conditions, and limited career progression remain significant deterrents. The social image of teaching, shaped by media and community perceptions, also influences career choices. The intersection of demographic shifts and educational policy changes highlights the complexity of addressing teacher shortages. Despite increased attention from policymakers, significant gaps remain, particularly in relation to interventions that reduce early-career attrition and support teacher retention. Future research should explore targeted strategies to support early-career teachers and examine the socio-economic factors that influence career decisions. Addressing these issues is critical to developing sustainable policies that enhance the attractiveness of the teaching profession and promote educational equity.
From local to global: systematically reviewing higher education internationalization in Asia
Authors: Sukjairungwattana Paisan , Hu Haiyang , Liu Ruijia , Huang Jiayan
Published: January 2025

With the advancement of globalization, English as a key resource for knowledge, business, and culture has become increasingly important in higher education. This study aims to explore the challenges of English education in the process of internationalization of higher education in Asia, especially in China. This study systematically reviews relevant literature associated with Asian countries, focusing on the impact of English-medium instruction (EMI) courses on student performance in China, Japan, and Central Asia. The findings indicate that while English education provides students with broader international communication opportunities, it also poses challenges in terms of cultural identity and academic performance. Furthermore, changes in policies and practices have had a profound impact on the experiences of teachers and students, especially in the context of international schools and education centers.
The transformative power of representation among youths: toward appreciating diversity and inclusion in Norway
Authors: Hoem Irene Bisasso , Ursin Marit , Ramirez Carla
Published: January 2025

In Norway, contemporary challenges linked to racism, discrimination, and social exclusion advocate for original approaches to enhance inclusion and appreciation of diversity. In this article, we draw on empirical material from two workshops with four youths from diverse backgrounds. The empirical material includes participant observation, group discussions, reflection logs, and informal dialogues. Using transformative learning theory, we explore whether and what kinds of learning processes occur when youths engage and interact in reflective activities aimed at appreciating diversity. Emphasizing the need to expand youths' existing frames of reference and points of view, the empirical material unveils the power of representation. The analysis suggests that although movies might have transformative potential, personal or peers' experiences make the movies “come alive” and more relatable. This increases the level of critical reflection and self-reflection among the youth participants, thus strengthening the transformative potential. Lastly, the analysis shows that both representation and context are crucial in activities seeking to enhance inclusion and appreciation of diversity.
Assessing the impact of stony coral tissue loss disease on coral cover on Bonaire’s Leeward side
Authors: Pepe Bernardo A. , Van der Roest Viggo , Vlam Olivier , Nouse Sam , Meesters Erik
Published: January 2025

The effects of stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) in the Dutch Caribbean, specifically in Bonaire, have not been documented since its first sighting in March 2023. By comparing the results of the 2023 surveys with data from previous surveys conducted over the past 9 years, this study quantifies the overall decline in coral cover and investigates the spatial variability of SCTLD’s impact across different subregions of the reef on the leeward side of Bonaire. In the year 2023, a crucial period in the initial phase of the progression of SCTLD, significant reduction in coral coverage was observed, with six key reef-building coral species showing significant vulnerability. Importantly, this research identifies specific subregions that have been disproportionately affected. The insights gained from this study are important for the potential development of specific conservation and restoration strategies for Bonaire, underscoring the necessity for ongoing ecosystem monitoring to safeguard the future of highly sensitive coral reefs in a changing ocean. By advancing our understanding of SCTLD dynamics, this research contributes to the global effort to preserve coral reef ecosystems in the face of emerging coral diseases.
Sustainable aquaculture and sea ranching with the use of vaccines: a review
Authors: Alfatat Alma , Amoah Kwaku , Cai Jia , Huang Yu , Fachri Muhammad , Lauden Hagai Nsobi , Lyu Shaoliang , Wang Xuefeng , Maulu Sahya , Asiedu Berchie , Syaifiuddin Syaifiuddin
Published: January 2025

As aquaculture takes on a major role in global seafood production, the industry has encountered several hurdles, notably in disease management and overharvesting in natural habitats challenges. Vaccination is a critical component of immunological preventive strategy essential for the health management of animals. Over the past two decades, vaccines have revolutionized the sector by addressing these issues while enhancing productivity and ecological balance. Advanced vaccine technologies, including DNA, recombinant, and inactivated vaccines, have demonstrated their potential to transform aquaculture and sea ranching. Innovations like the recombinant DNA vaccine for goldfish using the G protein expressed by baculovirus for spring viremia for carp and the ME-VAC Aqua Strept vaccine for tilapia highlight their ability to reduce antibiotic dependence and support greener practices. Multivalent vaccines in salmon farming further showcase their effectiveness in improving fish health and productivity. Emerging solutions such as plant-based and mucosal vaccines offer scalable, cost-effective options for immunizing large fish populations, reducing disease-related losses, and stabilizing seafood supply chains. Vaccines also improve the survival rates of hatchery-reared fish in natural habitats, supporting long-term sustainability. By integrating vaccination with selective breeding for disease resistance, aquaculture can achieve enhanced productivity and reduced environmental impact. The article highlights the impact vaccines can have on technology leap forward and research cooperation that will allow for collective mobilization to prevent aquatic disease. Not only that, this review also discusses the challenges and opportunities of using vaccines to increase fish resilience for surviving in open waters. Emphasis on the transformative role of vaccines in enabling technological advancements, fostering research collaborations, and addressing economic and environmental challenges to ensure a sustainable future for aquaculture and sea ranching have been highlighted as well. Future research directions and economic implications of widespread vaccine adoption in aquaculture are also discussed.
Generative artificial intelligence in graduate medical education
Authors: Janumpally Ravi , Nanua Suparna , Ngo Andy , Youens Kenneth
Published: January 2025

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly transforming various sectors, including healthcare and education. This paper explores the potential opportunities and risks of GenAI in graduate medical education (GME). We review the existing literature and provide commentary on how GenAI could impact GME, including five key areas of opportunity: electronic health record (EHR) workload reduction, clinical simulation, individualized education, research and analytics support, and clinical decision support. We then discuss significant risks, including inaccuracy and overreliance on AI-generated content, challenges to authenticity and academic integrity, potential biases in AI outputs, and privacy concerns. As GenAI technology matures, it will likely come to have an important role in the future of GME, but its integration should be guided by a thorough understanding of both its benefits and limitations.
Hyperlipidaemia treatment and gut microbiology
Authors: Zhe Liu , ChunLi Yu
Published: January 2025

Numerous studies have shown that hyperlipidaemia is closely related to the gut microbiota, and the study of microbiota in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia is undoubtedly a new target for the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidaemia. The efficacy of regulating the gut microecology and changing the structure of gut flora has been demonstrated by both western and traditional medication, biological therapy, and dietary exercise, so it is particularly important to study the relationship between gut microbiota and the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. In this review, we summarize the mechanism and relationship between the pathogenesis of hyperlipidaemia and gut microbiota, and the mechanism of hyperlipidaemia treatment by influencing the gut microbiota in various treatment modalities, which provides diversified therapeutic ideas and scientific basis for clinical treatment. It also triggers us to think about the relationship between gut microbiota and other diseases, and to explore the influence of gut microbiota is a goal that we still need to explore.
Efficacy of PARPi re-maintenance therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Yulin , Yang Yunjie , Guo Binghong , Li Xiaoyan , Tuersun Renakezi , Cao Ye , Li Jundong , Liu Jihong , Li Su , Liu Tao , Huang Yongwen
Published: January 2025

Objective

The current clinical data regarding the re-administration of PARPi maintenance therapy in platinum sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (PSROC) is limited. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and associated factors of PARPi re-maintenance therapy in PSROC patients in China.

Methods

In this study, there were 201 patients with PSROC who had received maintenance therapy previously and achieved complete or partial response after platinum-based chemotherapy upon recurrence. The re-maintenance therapy group (Re-PARPi) and chemotherapy alone group (Chem-A) were categorized based on whether PARPi was reused after recurrence chemotherapy. A propensity-score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted between re-maintenance therapy group (Re-PARPi-P) and chemotherapy alone group(Chem-A-P)to adjust for imbalanced risk factors. The efficacy was evaluated via progression-free survival (PFS) and prognostic factors were also analyzed.

Results

In the PSM subgroup, the median PFS (mPFS) of Re-PARPi-P group (44 cases) and Chem-A-P (44 cases) group were 10.0 months and 6.5 months (HR 1.64, P=0.041) respectively, confirming that re-maintenance therapy was superior to relapse chemotherapy alone. The mPFS was 10.8 months in all patients in the Re-PARPi group (51 cases), with 11.0 months in BRCAm group and 10.2 months in BRCAwt group (P=0.806). Intervals of more than 6 months between two PARPi therapies might improve the efficacy of PARPi re-treatment (mPFS 11.2 months vs. 7.8 months, HR 3.94, P=0.005). Age, BRCA status, number of previous treatment lines, CA125 level prior to re-administration, and other factors were not significantly related to the efficacy of re-maintenance therapy. Patients with a frameshift mutation (p. Ile1824Aspfs3) in the C-terminal domain of BRCA1 germline gene had significantly better efficacy with PARPi re-treatment compared to other groups. Only nonsense mutation (p.Gln1037, p.Cys328, p.Leu1072) occur in BRCA germline gene with re-treatment with PARPi might be suboptimal. The incidence of PARRi re-treatment interruption was 3.9%.

Conclusion

PARPi re-maintenance therapy in PSROC might improve prognosis compared to chemotherapy alone, regardless of their genetic mutation status. Patients with re-maintenance therapy might benefit if the interval between the use of PARP inhibitors exceeded 6 months. The structural domains of BRCA mutations with different sensitivity to PARPi might serve as a promising biomarker for optimizing treatment. Re-treatment with PARPi was well-tolerated.
Ethical orientation and choice context of mayoral candidates accused of corruption in Brazil: randomized experiment based on vignettes
Authors: Silva Jorge Otavio de Souza , Rossoni Luciano , Gonçalves Clayton Pereira
Published: January 2025

Why do voters vote for candidates known for corruption allegations? We herein suggest two possible explanations for it. First, the choice context affects voters’ risk assessment, since voting for a candidate considers other candidates because aversion to extreme alternatives can change their preferences. Second, the judgment, according to which, candidates’ features are relevant, is not impartial because previously defined preferences set the relevant ones. We also seek to assess such judgments from a moral perspective supported by the understanding that individuals presenting utilitarian ethical orientation substantiate their choices of candidates who deliver results for voters. In contrast, individuals accounting for a deontological orientation focus on means and principles. We designed a vignette experiment with 223 respondents who were randomly exposed to two different scenarios in order to assess such elements empirically: two candidates, one newcomer and one experienced candidate whose accounts were disapproved by the court of auditors; three candidates, the two previous candidates and one experienced candidate who was convicted of corruption. Based on the results, the presence of the most corrupt candidate significantly increased the probability of voters voting for the newcomer; thus, the stronger the utilitarian orientation, the greater the likelihood of voters voting for the experienced candidate, mainly when there is a more corrupt candidate in the race.
Relation between dimensional distinctiveness and comparison format in a novel noun generalization task in preschoolers
Authors: Lagarrigue Yannick , Thibaut Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2025

Numerous studies have shown that in novel noun generalization tasks, the simultaneous presentation of multiple learning examples increases the percentage of generalizations that are based on a priori less salient properties, compared to the presentation of a single learning example. In this research with preschoolers (n = 300) we demonstrate that this effect can be modulated by dimensional distinctiveness, i.e., how easy it is to determine whether two dimension values (shape and 2D texture) are easy to distinguish or not. In a first experiment, we manipulate dimensional distinctiveness globally (both shape and 2D texture are distinctive, or not) and explore how it interacts with comparisons format: two learning examples from the same category (i.e., within-category comparison), two learning examples from different categories (i.e., between-category comparison), and no-comparison (i.e., only one learning example). Results show that within-category comparisons yielded more taxonomic generalizations than between-category comparisons and no-comparison conditions. Furthermore, children selected more often the taxonomic match with highly distinctive stimuli than with low distinctive stimuli. In a second experiment, we independently manipulate the distinctiveness of stimuli shape and 2D texture to determine which dimension distinctiveness might contribute to better generalization in a within-comparison format. Results indicated that within-category comparisons resulted in more taxonomic generalization with distinctive textures, regardless of shape distinctiveness. These findings suggest that not all comparison conditions are equals and that children’s generalizations may be influenced by the characteristics of the stimuli.
One- or two-step? New insights into two-step hypothesis and rainbow-like theory for pitch class–color synesthesia
Authors: Cao Ang , Ueda Kazuhiro
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study investigates the mechanisms underlying pitch class–color synesthesia, a cognitive trait in which musical pitches evoke color perceptions. Synesthesia in music particularly involves the association of pitch classes (e.g., do, re, and mi) with specific colors. A previous study introduced the two-step hypothesis, which suggests that pitch class identification precedes color association, and proposed a rainbow-like theory based on color gradients selected by synesthetes. The primary objective is to retest these theories to evaluate their generalizability in explaining pitch class–color synesthesia.

Methods

We employed a dual-task paradigm to assess the robustness of the two-step hypothesis and conducted qualitative interviews to explore the nature of synesthetic experiences.

Results

The results indicated that the two-step hypothesis may not be always applicable, because it effectively accounts for only a subset of synesthetes. The presence of one-step synesthetes, who experience direct pitch-to-color associations without intermediate steps, implied a more varied synesthetic mechanism. Moreover, rainbow-like theory predominantly characterized two-step synesthetes, while one-step synesthetes exhibited distinct color perceptions. Furthermore, we found that the differentiation between two- and one-step synesthesia may be associated with the methods through which participants develop synesthetic associations.

Discussion

The findings highlighted the diversity of synesthetic experiences in pitch class-color synesthesia, which challenges the generalizability of the current theories and poses the need for a further nuanced understanding of this phenomenon.
The people’s game: evolutionary perspectives on the behavioural neuroscience of football fandom
Authors: Butler Matt , Brar Gurjot , Abed Riadh , O’Connell Henry
Published: January 2025

Association football (soccer) is the world’s most popular sport. Transculturally, fans invest significant resources following their teams, suggesting underlying psychological universals with evolutionary origins. Although evolutionary science can help illuminate the ultimate causes of human behaviour, there have been limited modern evolutionary perspectives on football fandom. In this paper, we consider evolutionary perspectives on football fandom from a behavioural neuroscientific standpoint. We discuss how the appeal of football may arise through the low-scoring and highly variable outcomes of games; we relate this to the neuroscience of reward prediction errors and motivation. We highlight recent research on the psychobiological responses to ritual, including endorphin release, which may reduce anxiety and facilitate group bonding. We discuss the prosocial and anxiety-sublimating effects of the matchday ritual and argue that football may be a special case whereby ritual behaviour does have a small effect on the outcome of interest. We discuss the psychology of ingroup and outgroup effects of fandom and argue that, although resource scarcity can sometimes lead to aggression, that larger inter-group effects can be positive. We comment on the socioemotional developmental aspects of football fandom, and note how group identification may lead to displays of sacrifice. We finish with a discussion of whether, in the era of social prescribing, football could be seen as a psychiatrist’s tool. We conclude with suggestions on how the positive aspects of football can be emphasised through evolutionary perspectives, and how future research on football fandom may inform evolutionary understanding of humans writ large.
Contagious acquisition of antimicrobial resistance is critical for explaining emergence in western Canadian feedlots—insights from an agent-based modelling tool
Authors: Ramsay Dana , McDonald Wade , Thompson Michelle , Erickson Nathan , Gow Sheryl , Osgood Nathaniel D. , Waldner Cheryl
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to the efficacy of antimicrobials in humans and animals, including those used to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in high-risk calves entering western Canadian feedlots. Successful mitigation strategies require an improved understanding of the epidemiology of AMR. Specifically, the relative contributions of antimicrobial use (AMU) and contagious transmission to AMR emergence in animal populations are unknown.

Materials and methods

A stochastic, continuous-time agent-based model (ABM) was developed to explore the dynamics of population-level AMR in Mannheimia haemolytica in pens of high-risk cattle on a typical western Canadian feedlot. The model was directly informed and parameterized with proprietary data from partner veterinary practices and AMU/AMR surveillance data where possible. Hypotheses about how AMR emerges in the feedlot environment were represented by model configurations in which detectable AMR was impacted by (1) only selection arising from AMU; (2) only transmission between animals in the same pen; and (3) both AMU-linked selection and transmission. Automated calibration experiments were used to estimate unknown parameters of interest for select antimicrobial classes. Calibrated parameter values were used in a series of Monte Carlo experiments to generate simulated outputs at both the pen and feedlot levels. Key model outputs included the prevalence of AMR by class at multiple time points across the feeding period. This study compared the relative performances of these model configurations with respect to reproducing empirical AMR data.

Results

Across all antimicrobial classes of interest, model configurations which included the potential for contagious acquisition of AMR offered stronger fits to the empirical data. Notably, sensitivity analyses demonstrated that model outputs were more robust to changes in the assumptions underscoring AMU than to those affecting the likelihood of transmission.

Discussion

This study establishes a feedlot simulation tool that can be used to explore questions related to antimicrobial stewardship in the context of BRD management. The ABM stands out for its unique hierarchical depiction of AMR in a commercial feedlot and its grounding in robust epidemiological data. Future experiments will allow for both AMU-linked selection and transmission of AMR and can accommodate parameter modifications as required.
Sustainable, greenhouse gas derived fermented protein in canine diets—a pilot study
Authors: Babu Ravindra , Padmanabhan Sreedevi , Ganesan Ravikumar , Subbian Ezhil , Van Thi Thu Hao , Eri Rajaraman
Published: January 2025

Sustainability concerns have increased consumer demand for non-animal-derived proteins and the search for novel, alternative protein sources. The nutritional sustainability of the food system without compromising the nutrient quality, composition, digestibility and consumption is pivotal. As with farmed livestock, it is imperative to ensure the well-being and food security of companion animals and to develop sustainable and affordable pet foods. The current pilot study was conducted to determine the effect of greenhouse gas-derived novel, fermented protein ingredient in beagle dogs. The greenhouse gas-derived fermented protein is an alternative protein ingredient with optimal nutritional factors and provides traceability, significantly optimizes the use of land and water, and provides sustainability to the feed value chain of canine diets. Three experimental groups including control, 5 and 10% inclusion of high protein ingredients were included in the study and the results suggest that the fermented protein is palatable and acceptable at 5 and 10% inclusions in the diets of dogs. The present study shows no significant difference in general alertness, clinical symptoms, water consumption and social behavior of dogs between 5 and 10% fermented protein inclusion in canine diets. The diversity of the bacterial community did not change after supplementation with the tested protein source in dogs. Only a few bacterial genera differed significantly in relative abundance between the experimental groups. Feed consumption, faecal scoring and the microbiome data results of this pilot study on the use of novel, methane gas derived, bacterial SCP as a protein ingredient in the canine diets, would pave way for more and more inclusion of such novel alternative protein sources in the pet food industry.