bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic wire active microrheology of human respiratory mucus
Authors: Radiom Milad , Hénault Romain , Mani Salma , Iankovski Aline Grein , Norel Xavier , Berret Jean-François
Published: July 2021

Micrometer-sized magnetic wires are used to study the mechanical properties of human mucus collected after surgery. Our work shows that mucus has the property of a high viscosity gel characterized by large spatial viscoelastic heterogeneities.
Does the Seebeck coefficient of a single-molecule junction depend on the junction configuration?
Authors: Vavrek František , Butsyk Olena , Kolivoška Viliam , Nováková Lachmanová Štěpánka , Sebechlebská Táňa , Šebera Jakub , Gasior Jindřich , Mészáros Gábor , Hromadová Magdaléna
Published: July 2021

It was shown that the thermopower of a single-molecule junction does not depend on the junction configuration.
Investigation of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of La2−xSrxCoO4 (x = 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5) nanoparticles
Authors: Nadafan M. , Ghorbani-Moghadam T. , Mousavi M.
Published: July 2021

In this research, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of La2−xSrxCoO4 (x = 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5) nanoparticles were investigated.
Stress and Perfectionism in Communication Sciences and Disorders and Social Work Students
Authors: Beck Ann R. , Zosky Diane L. , Verticchio Heidi
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To further inform faculty and clinical educators interested in facilitating the overall well-being of their students, areas causing stress for undergraduate (UGs) and graduate (Gs) students in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) and in social work (SWK) were explored. The perceived stress levels as well as levels and types of perfectionism demonstrated by students, as well as the methods used to manage stress, were also explored.

Method

A survey of 193 CSD students (105 UGs and 88 Gs) and 137 SWK students (104 UGs and 33 Gs) from the same institution was conducted. The survey asked respondents to list their top 3 stressors, as well as the stress management practices in which they engaged, and to complete the Perceived Stress Scale and the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised.

Results

CSD UGs were the only group who indicated that the graduate school admission process was a major stressor; other stressors listed by UGs in CSD and SWK were similar. CSD Gs were the only group who listed clinic as stressful, and SWK Gs listed finances as a more prominent stressor than did CSD Gs. Stress management practices were primarily similar. No differences existed between UGs and Gs on measures of perceived stress and perfectionism. More CSD respondents demonstrated healthy aspects of perfectionism than did SWK respondents. CSD respondents' stress levels were lower overall than those of SWK respondents.

Conclusions

Similarities and differences existed between CSD and SWK respondents regarding stressors, stress management practices, perceived stress levels, and perfectionism. This information can provide faculty and clinical educator with insight regarding our students' overall well-being.
Exploiting the Gaia EDR3 photometry to derive stellar temperatures
Authors: Mucciarelli A. , Bellazzini M. , Massari D.
Published: July 2021

We present new colour–effective temperature (Teff) transformations based on the photometry of the early third data release (EDR3) of the ESA/Gaia mission. These relations are calibrated on a sample of about 600 dwarf and giant stars for which Teff has previously been determined with the infrared flux method from dereddened colours. The 1σ dispersion of the transformations is of 60–80 K for the pure Gaia colours (BP−RP)0, (BP−G)0, and (G−RP)0, improving to 40–60 K for colours including the 2MASS Ks-band, namely (BP−Ks)0, (RP−Ks)0, and (G−Ks)0. We validate these relations in the most challenging case of dense stellar fields, where the Gaia EDR3 photometry could be less reliable, providing guidance for the safe use of Gaia colours in crowded environments. We compare the Teff from the Gaia EDR3 colours with those obtained from standard (V−Ks)0 colours for stars in three Galactic globular clusters of different metallicity, namely NGC 104, NGC 6752, and NGC 7099. The agreement between the two estimates of Teff is excellent, with mean differences of between –50 and +50 K, depending on the colour, and with 1σ dispersions around the mean Teff differences of 25–50 K for most of the colours and below 10 K for (BP−Ks)0 and (G−Ks)0. This demonstrates that these colours are analogous to (V−Ks)0 as Teff indicators.
Stringent upper limit on Be star fractions produced by binary interaction
Authors: Hastings B. , Langer N. , Wang C. , Schootemeijer A. , Milone A. P.
Published: July 2021

Context. Binary evolution can result in fast-rotating stars through accretion of angular momentum during mass-transfer phases. These fast-rotating stars are predicted to be observable as Be stars. Current models struggle to produce a satisfactory description of Be star populations, even though numerous pieces of observational evidence indicate that the accretion process might be the dominant Be formation channel.

Aims. Given the distinct uncertainties in detailed binary evolution calculations, we investigate a rigorous and model-independent upper limit for the production of Be stars through binary interaction and aim to confront this limit with observations of Be stars in young star clusters.

Methods. Using extreme assumptions, we calculate the number ratio of post-interaction to pre-interaction binary systems in a coeval population. This ratio describes an upper limit to Be star formation through mass transfer. A detailed comparison is made between our derived upper limit and relevant observations of Be stars, which allows us to probe several aspects of binary star physics.

Results. We find that in coeval populations, binary interaction can at most account for one-third of all main-sequence stars being Be stars. Near the cluster turn-off region, this limit appears to be realised in the clusters studied. Away from the turn-off, a good fit to the observed Be fraction as a function of mass is obtained by applying simple assumptions about which systems undergo unstable mass-transfer produces.

Conclusions. We find that assuming distinct physics, binary evolution alone can in principle match the high numbers of Be stars that are observed in open clusters. Whether the required binary physics is realised in nature remains to be investigated.
Confirmation of two new Galactic bulge globular clusters: FSR 19 and FSR 25
Authors: Obasi C. , Gómez M. , Minniti D. , Alonso-García J.
Published: July 2021

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way (MW) bulge are very difficult to study for the following reasons: (i) they suffer from the severe crowding and Galactic extinction, which are characteristic of these inner Galactic regions; (ii) they are more prone to the effects of dynamical processes. Therefore, they are relatively faint and difficult to map. However, deep, near-infrared photometry like that provided by the VISTA variables in the Via Láctea Extended Survey (VVVX) allows us to map GCs in this crucial yet relatively uncharted region.

Aims. Our main goals are to study the true nature of the GC candidates FSR 19 and FSR 25 and measure their physical parameters.

Methods. We used the near-infrared VVVX database, in combination with the Two Micron All Sky Survey and Gaia EDR3 proper motions (PMs) and photometry to study ages, metallicities, distances, reddening, mean PMs, sizes, and integrated luminosities for FSR 19 and FSR 25. A robust combination of selection criteria allowed us to effectively clean interlopers among our samples.

Results. Our results confirm with a high level of confidence that both FSR 19 and FSR 25 are genuine MW bulge GCs. Each of the performed tests and resulting parameters provide clear evidence of the GC nature of these targets. We derive distances of 7.2 ± 0.7 kpc and D = 7.0 ± 0.6 (corresponding to distance moduli of 14.29 ± 0.08 and 14.23 ± 0.07) for FSR 19 and FSR 25, respectively. Their ages and metallicities are 11 Gyr and [Fe/H] = −0.5 dex for both clusters, which were determined from Dartmouth and PARSEC isochrone fitting. The integrated luminosities are MKs(FSR 19) = −7.72 mag and MKs(FSR 25) = −7.31 mag, which places them in the faint tail of the GC luminosity function. By adopting a King profile for their number distribution, we determine their core and tidal radii (rc, rt). For FSR 19, rc = 2.76 ± 0.36 pc and rt = 5.31 ± 0.49 pc, while FSR 25 appears more extended with rc = 1.92 ± 0.59 pc and rt = 6.85 ± 1.78 pc. Finally, their mean GC PMs (from Gaia EDR3) are μα* = −2.50 ± 0.76 mas yr−1, μδ = −5.02 ± 0.47 mas yr−1 for FSR 19 and μα* = −2.61 ± 1.27 mas yr−1, μδ = −5.23 ± 0.74 mas yr−1 for FSR 25.

Conclusion. We demonstrate and confirm, based on the measured astrophysical parameters, that the two target clusters are indeed genuine and of low luminosity relatively metal-rich old GCs in the bulge of the MW.
The role of university botanic gardens in implementing the third mission
Authors: Chernysheva Tatyana
Published: July 2021

The paper reveals a new dimension of implementing the third mission of a university - through the activities rolled-out by Russian universities in their botanic gardens. For urban residents, botanic gardens, in addition to their main functions, are gradually becoming a place for integrating different population groups, from schoolchildren to pensioners. These public spaces conduct active educational policies aimed at many segments of a broader university community, taking into account the experience of regional environmental organizations and international Associations of Botanic Gardens. The author argues that the ecological vector is a priority for productive communication of a university with regional and global audiences at the site of its Botanic Garden, which becomes a measure of the university entering upon the way of sustainable development
Development of eco-tourism in foreign and Russian national parks
Authors: Rogozina Elvira , Okonnikova Tatiana , Pimenova Ekaterina , Kalach Elena , Ovsyannikova Tatiana
Published: July 2021

The article gives a comparative analysis of eco-tourism development in North American, European and Russian national parks. The most successful examples of eco-tourism development in Russia and foreign countries are represented. North American and European national parks are noted to be the most attractive for visitors and possess a highly developed infrastructure. There are visitor centers, rental centers, cafes, camping sites, hiking trails, signboards, etc. In Russia, such factors as shortage of specialized tour operators, lack of solid collaboration between national parks and tour operators, poor mechanisms of creating awareness among independent tourists and encouraging their involvement in eco-tourism as well as lack of effective legislative and regulatory framework harden the development of eco-tourism. High transportation costs which contribute to the overall cost of eco-travel have a negative impact on the development of tourism in general making eco-tourism even less attractive. In January 2021 a questionnaire survey was carried out in order to reveal the significance of eco-tourism, its attractiveness for the citizens of the Udmurt Republic and prospective lines of its future development. The survey, based on a questionnaire method and random sampling, involved citizens of the Udmurt Republic. According to the survey findings, the respondents consider Russia to have all the necessary conditions for the development of eco-tourism. About one third of the respondents participated in eco-tours around Russia. Their experience and level of satisfaction differ. High cost of travel, poor infrastructure and lack of independent tours are limiting factors for those who have never tried eco-tours.
Sustainable tourism development at the level of health-improving tourism: social-legal aspect
Authors: Timakova Roza , Maksimeniuk Vitali
Published: July 2021

The paper considers one of the aspects of sustainable development - sustainable tourism development in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals aimed at preserving the natural resources of the marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The research of this phenomenon is carried out using the analysis of regulatory legal acts in force in the field of tourism. Since most authors consider the purpose of travel to be one of the generally accepted criteria for dividing into types of tourism, the study was conducted on the basis of one of the most common types of tourism – health-improving tourism, the conceptual apparatus of which is formed under the influence of various conceptual approaches, based on the actual resource potential and features of the promotion of tourist services in the territories of tourist destinations. The proposals on amendments and additions to the existing regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation determine the priority of the concept of “sustainable development” in the field of tourism activities.
Are the financial inclusion schemes of India developing the nation sustainably?
Authors: Bhatnagar Mukul , Pathak Nitin
Published: July 2021

Introduction- India is the world’s largest democracy which has a prominent place in the world. It is proliferating and financial inclusion schemes of government as a piece of evidence for that. However, the development of any nation on the planet should not be at the cost of environmental degradation. There are indeed substantial ties between climate change and sustainable development. Evidence has shown over several decades that global temperatures are on the rise, mainly due to fossil fuel burns. Methodology- For meeting research objectives, a pooled data of variables extracted from the review of literature is constructed. Later by applying PLS-Algorithm on the constructed dataset, conclusions are made. Value- This research will develop insight into whether the financial inclusion scheme of government is sustainably developing the economy or not. Result- There exists a significant relationship between financial inclusion and CO2 emissions, which concludes that financial inclusion schemes of government are not doing sustainable development. Conclusion- There is an urge to link financial inclusion schemes with sustainable development.
Berry fillers based on local plant raw materials
Authors: Gabelko Svetlana , Ionova Olesya
Published: July 2021

When developing a diet for citizens with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or obesity, it is necessary to adhere to a therapeutic diet in which bakery products and dairy products with berry fillers can be wholesome ingredients. In order to increase the range of berry fillers based on local plant raw materials, the physicochemical quality indicators were studied and the organoleptic evaluation of fillers with various types of thickeners was given.
Pursuing goals of sustainable development and internationalization in higher education context
Authors: Makarova Elena
Published: July 2021

The article concerns internationalization of higher education as a factor for pursuing sustainable development goals by developing university students’ global competences. A review of modern research on internationalization processes in different national contexts allowed to highlight the main challenges of interaction between domestic and international students as well as discuss possible solutions. Analyses of survey results, aimed at identifying the factors preventing effective cross-cultural communication in a non-linguistic Russian university, confirm the demand for students’ development of intercultural competence, which is considered to be most effective through the study of a foreign language. The paper shows significance of involvement of Russian and international students in joint classroom and extracurricular activities, which can become the basis for their future international cooperation in the field of implementation of innovative technologies and foster sustainable development goals. The leading role of university foreign languages departments in tackling issues of university internationalization is emphasized.
Effect of the sample form on the corrosion behavior of steels for concrete in 3% NaCl medium
Authors: Babouri Laidi , Mokrani Cheikh , El Mendili Yassine
Published: July 2021

Corrosion of steel constitutes a major preoccupation in the field of civil engineering and the building sector. In this paper, we investigated the electrochemical behavior of two steel specimens with different forms (latched steel and smooth steel) in a 3 wt.% NaCl solution. For this purpose, we studied the steel samples by linear polarization, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The surface morphologies of the substrates were examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy diffraction spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Results of linear polarization, Tafel polarization curves and EIS show that latched steel (LS) is more susceptible to corrosion than smooth steel (SS) in saline solution. Gravimetric and SEM/EDS analysis after 10 days of immersion confirmed the results obtained by electrochemical methods. All of our results are in agreement and demonstrate that the sample form plays a key role in corrosion resistance.
Diversity of echinostomes (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in their snail hosts at high latitudes
Authors: Pantoja Camila , Faltýnková Anna , O’Dwyer Katie , Jouet Damien , Skírnisson Karl , Kudlai Olena
Published: July 2021

The biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems globally still leaves much to be discovered, not least in the trematode parasite fauna they support. Echinostome trematode parasites have complex, multiple-host life-cycles, often involving migratory bird definitive hosts, thus leading to widespread distributions. Here, we examined the echinostome diversity in freshwater ecosystems at high latitude locations in Iceland, Finland, Ireland and Alaska (USA). We report 14 echinostome species identified morphologically and molecularly from analyses of nad1 and 28S rDNA sequence data. We found echinostomes parasitising snails of 11 species from the families Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Physidae and Valvatidae. The number of echinostome species in different hosts did not vary greatly and ranged from one to three species. Of these 14 trematode species, we discovered four species (Echinoparyphium sp. 1, Echinoparyphium sp. 2, Neopetasiger sp. 5, and Echinostomatidae gen. sp.) as novel in Europe; we provide descriptions for the newly recorded species and those not previously associated with DNA sequences. Two species from Iceland (Neopetasiger islandicus and Echinoparyphium sp. 2) were recorded in both Iceland and North America. All species found in Ireland are new records for this country. Via an integrative taxonomic approach taken, both morphological and molecular data are provided for comparison with future studies to elucidate many of the unknown parasite life cycles and transmission routes. Our reports of species distributions spanning Europe and North America highlight the need for parasite biodiversity assessments across large geographical areas.
Die frühfunktionelle Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur
Authors: Karasev Katja
Published: July 2021

Die distale Radiusfraktur hat viele Gesichter. Ein multimodales Behandlungskonzept aus lokalen, segmentalen und zentralen Anteilen ermöglicht es uns, bestmöglich auf die individuellen Gegebenheiten einzugehen. Dabei ist es auch unsere Aufgabe, Komplikationen frühzeitig zu erkennen und adäquat darauf reagieren zu können.
Rehabilitation nach Nerventransfers bei Armamputation
Authors: Sturma Agnes
Published: July 2021

Standardmäßig erhalten Personen mit Amputationen oberhalb des Ellenbogens myoelektrische Prothesen, die über die Aktivität von 2 Muskeln gesteuert werden. Deren langsame, unintuitive Steuerung führt zu hohen Ablehnungsraten. Seit einigen Jahren stehen zusätzlich selektive Nerventransfers, sog. Target Muscle Reinnervation (TMR), zur Verfügung. Die Operation ermöglicht eine wesentlich natürlichere Prothesensteuerung, benötigt gleichzeitig aber eine strukturierte Rehabilitation, um ihren Nutzen entfalten zu können. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die notwendigen Maßnahmen und gibt praxisrelevante Tipps für die Therapie.
Endothermal Heat Induced Thrombosis
Authors: Sadek Mikel , Kabnick Lowell S.
Published: July 2021

Endothermal heat induced thrombosis (EHIT) is a post-procedural entity following endothermal superficial venous ablation that refers to the propagation of thrombus into the adjacent deep vein lumen. It is identified most commonly during the post-procedural surveillance venous duplex ultrasound. EHIT is recognized as a unique post-procedural entity, distinct in clinical behavior from a deep vein thrombosis. The definition, classification systems, pathophysiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention are all discussed. The understanding of EHIT has advanced considerably, but additional data are required to understand its impact on quality of life and the cost-effectiveness of surveillance.
Implementation of European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recommendations for small-bowel capsule endoscopy into clinical practice: Results of an official ESGE survey
Authors: Lazaridis Lazaros-Dimitrios , Tziatzios Georgios , Toth Ervin , Beaumont Hanneke , Dray Xavier , Eliakim Rami , Ellul Pierre , Fernandez-Urien Ignacio , Keuchel Martin , Panter Simon , Rondonotti Emanuele , Rosa Bruno , Spada Cristiano , Jover Rodrigo , Bhandari Pradeep , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Koulaouzidis Anastasios ,   on behalf of the ESGE Research Committee Small-Bowel Working Group
Published: July 2021

Background We aimed to document international practices in small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE), measuring adherence to European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) technical and clinical recommendations.

Methods Participants reached through the ESGE contact list completed a 52-item web-based survey.

Results 217 responded from 47 countries (176 and 41, respectively, from countries with or without a national society affiliated to ESGE). Of respondents, 45 % had undergone formal SBCE training. Among SBCE procedures, 91 % were performed with an ESGE recommended indication, obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and suspected/established Crohn’s disease being the commonest and with higher rates of positive findings (49.4 %, 38.2 % and 53.5 %, respectively). A watchful waiting strategy after a negative SBCE for OGIB or IDA was preferred by 46.7 % and 70.3 %, respectively. SBCE was a second-line exam for evaluation of extent of new Crohn’s disease for 62.2 % of respondents. Endoscopists adhered to varying extents to ESGE technical recommendations regarding bowel preparation ( > 60 %), use in those with pacemaker holders (62.5 %), patency capsule use (51.2 %), and use of a validated scale for bowel preparation assessment (13.3 %). Of the respondents, 67 % read and interpreted the exams themselves and 84 % classified exams findings as relevant or irrelevant. Two thirds anticipated future increase in SBCE demand. Inability to obtain tissue (78.3 %) and high cost (68.1 %) were regarded as the main limitations, and implementation of artificial intelligence as the top development priority (56.2 %).

Conclusions To some extent, endoscopists follow ESGE guidelines on using SBCE in clinical practice. However, variations in practice have been identified, whose implications require further evaluation.
1,5-Hydride-Shift-Triggered Cyclization for the Synthesis of Unsymmetric Julolidines
Authors: Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Shirokova Vasilissa V. , Ikonnikova Viktoria A. , Solyev Pavel N. , Lushpa Vladislav A. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Volodin Alexander D. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Baranov Mikhail S.
Published: July 2021

Directly accessible 8-substituted tetrahydroquinolines undergo 1,5-hydride-shift-triggered cyclization to provide difficult to access julolidine derivatives in yields of 21–98% under scandium(III) triflate catalysis. Additionally, the scope of the reaction, several follow-up transformations and a remarkable side process discovered during optimization of the conditions are highlighted.
Synthesis of γ,δ-Unsaturated Esters and Amides via Au(I)-Catalyzed Reactions of Aryl Ynol Ethers or Ynamides with Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Misawa Souta , Miyairi Asaki , Oonishi Yoshihiro , Sato Yoshihiro , Nolan Steven P.
Published: July 2021

Polarized alkynes such as ynol ethers and ynamides have attracted much attention due to their inherent unique reactivity. Herein, we report Au(I)-catalyzed hydroalkoxylation/Claisen rearrangement cascade reactions of aryl ynol ethers and ynamides with allylic alcohols. At the first stage (hydroalkoxylation) of this cascade reaction, attack of allylic alcohols to aryl ynol ethers or ynamides occurs at the α-position of the polarized alkynes in a completely regioselective manner. Claisen rearrangement of the resulting adducts subsequently takes place to give γ,δ-unsaturated esters or amides, respectively. The [Au(IPr)NTf2] catalyst is most effective for this reaction, and the reaction proceeds under mild conditions (in the case of aryl ynol ether: in THF, 60 °C; in the case of ynamides: in toluene, 80 °C) in an atom-economical way.
Iodosulfonylation of Alkynes under Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Zeng Xianghua , Zhou Chuanjiang
Published: July 2021

(E)-β-Iodo vinylsulfones are synthesized under ultrasound irradiation using alkynes, sulfonyl hydrazides, potassium iodide and hydrogen peroxide. The key features of this protocol are the speed and efficiency of the reactions, which afford good to excellent yields of the desired products by employing ultrasound as the driving force. Mechanistic studies reveal that a sulfonyl radical intermediate is generated via sulfonyl iodide homolysis.
High-intensity Interval Training Improves Lipocalin-2 and Omentin-1 Levels in Men with Obesity
Authors: Atashak Sirvan , Stannard Stephen R. , Daraei Ali , Soltani Mohammad , Saeidi Ayoub , Moradi Fatah , Laher Ismail , Hackney Anthony C. , Zouhal Hassane
Published: July 2021

We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on selected circulating adipokines and other cardiovascular diseases risks factors in men with obesity. Thirty men with obesity (age: 24.96±3.11 year, BMI: 30.92±1.04 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to HIIT and control groups. The HIIT group participated in a 12-week HIIT program (5×2 min interval bout at an intensity of 85–95% HRmax interspersed by 1 min passive recovery, three times per week), while the control group maintained their usual lifestyles. Blood lipids, insulin resistance, and select serum adipokines were assessed before and after 12 weeks of the intervention period. HIIT improved body composition and lipid profiles (p<0.05) and also decreased fasting insulin levels (p=0.001) and HOMA-IR (p=0.002) levels. Furthermore, HIIT increased levels of lipocalin-2 (p=0.002) while decreasing omentin-1 levels (p=0.001) in men with obesity. Changes in lcn2 and omentin-1 concentrations correlated with the changes in risk factors in the HIIT group (p<0.05). The results indicate that 12 weeks of supervised HIIT significantly improves both circulating concentrations of lcn2 and omentin-1, two recently described adipokines, and risk markers of cardiovascular diseases in men with obesity. Further research is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms involved with these changes.
Resistance Training and High-intensity Interval Training Improve
Cardiometabolic Health in High Risk Older Adults: A Systematic Review and
Meta-anaylsis
Authors: McLeod Kelly A. , Jones Matthew D. , Thom Jeanette M. , Parmenter Belinda J.
Published: July 2021

Progressive resistance training (PRT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)
improve cardiometabolic health in older adults. Whether combination
PRT+HIIT (COMB) provides similar or additional benefit is less clear.
This systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled trials examined effects
of PRT, HIIT and COMB compared to non-exercise control in older adults with high
cardiometabolic risk. Databases were searched until January 2021, with study
quality assessed using the PEDro scale. Risk factor data was extracted and
analysed using RevMan V.5.3. We analysed 422 participants from nine studies (7
PRT, n=149, 1 HIIT, n=10, 1 COMB, n=60; control
n=203; mean age 68.1±1.4 years). Compared to control, exercise
improved body mass index (mean difference (MD) −0.33 [−0.47,
−0.20], p≤0.0001), body fat% (standardised mean
difference (SMD) −0.71 [−1.34, −0.08], p=0.03),
aerobic capacity (SMD 0.41 [0.05, 0.78], p=0.03), low-density
lipoprotein (SMD −0.27 [−0.52, −0.01], p=0.04),
and blood glucose (SMD −0.31 [−0.58, −0.05],
p=0.02). Therefore, PRT, HIIT and COMB can improve cardiometabolic
health in older adults with cardiometabolic risk. Further research is warranted,
particularly in HIIT and COMB, to identify the optimal exercise prescription, if
any, for improving older adults cardiometabolic health. (PROSPERO:
CRD42019128527).
Evaluation of Peritoneal Deposits in Undiagnosed Ascites by Advanced Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging Techniques
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh , Sharma Ravi , Gupta Rajesh
Published: July 2021

Etiology of ascites can be usually determined with ascitic fluid cytological and biochemical evaluation. Occasionally, the cause of ascites cannot be determined despite repeated ascitic fluid evaluations. These patients with undiagnosed ascites usually undergo diagnostic laparotomy/laparoscopy for etiological diagnosis. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can help in resolving the diagnostic conundrum of undiagnosed ascites by visualizing as well as sampling peritoneal and omental deposits/thickening. However, rarely fine-needle aspiration from deposits may be falsely negative and patient may need repeat sampling. Newer EUS imaging techniques such as elastography and contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS by providing additive information on stiffness and enhancement pattern of the lesion can help in differential diagnosis.
Risk Factors for Intrapartum Cesarean Section Delivery in Low-risk Multiparous Women Following at Least a Prior Vaginal Birth (Robson Classification 3 and 4)
Authors: Buyuk Gul Nihal , Kansu-Celik Hatice , Kaplan Zeynep Asli Oskovi , Kisa Burcu , Ozel Sule , Engin-Ustun Yaprak
Published: July 2021

Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors for cesarean section (C-section) in low-risk multiparous women with a history of vaginal birth.

Methods The present retrospective study included low-risk multiparous women with a history of vaginal birth who gave birth at between 37 and 42 gestational weeks. The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the mode of delivery, as C-section Group and vaginal delivery Group. Risk factors for C-section such as demographic characteristics, ultrasonographic measurements, smoking, weight gain during pregnancy (WGDP), interval time between prior birth, history of macrosomic birth, and cervical dilatation at the admission to the hospital were obtained from the charts of the patients. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups.

Results The most common C-section indications were fetal distress and macrosomia (33.9% [n = 77 and 20.7% [n = 47] respectively). A bivariate correlation analysis demonstrated that mothers aged > 30 years old (odds ratio [OR]: 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–3.34; p = 0.002), parity >1 (OR: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.18–2.71; p = 0.006), fetal abdominal circumference (FAC) measurement > 360 mm (OR: 34.20; 95%CI: 8.04—145.56; p < 0.001)) and < 345 mm (OR: 3.06; 95%CI: 1.88–5; p < 0.001), presence of large for gestational age (LGA) fetus (OR: 5.09; 95%CI: 1.35–19.21; p = 0.016), premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (OR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1–2.33; p = 0.041), and cervical dilatation < 5cm at admission (OR: 2.12; 95%CI: 1.34–3.34; p = 0.001) were associated with the group requiring a C-section.

Conclusion This is the first study evaluating the risk factors for C-section in low-risk multiparous women with a history of vaginal birth according to the Robson classification 3 and 4. Fetal distress and suspected fetal macrosomia constituted most of the C-section indications.
A High-Volume, Academic Orthopedic Specialty Hospital Provides the Shortest Operative Times in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Zak Stephen G. , Bernstein Jenna , Tang Alex , Slover James , Schwarzkopf Ran , Rozell Joshua
Published: July 2021

Operative time is a potential modifiable target for reducing cost and optimizing efficiency in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Shorter operative times are associated with decreased costs and complications. One proposed solution for reducing operating room (OR) times is to preferentially perform THAs at a higher volume center. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of different hospital settings on mean operative time in THA. A retrospective analysis of 7,694 consecutive primary and revision THA cases across four different hospitals was conducted. The hospitals reviewed in this study include a high-volume academic (HVA) orthopedic hospital, a large tertiary, low-volume academic (LVA) center, a high-volume community (HVC) hospital, and a low-volume community (LVC) hospital. Operative times, patient baseline demographics, and procedure classification (inpatient vs. outpatient) were collected. For primary THA, the HVA hospital maintained the statistically lowest total OR times followed by the HVC hospital (155.96 vs. 167.27 minutes, p < 0.0001). The LVC and HVC centers had similar total OR times (175.48 vs. 167.27 minutes, p = 0.578). For revision THA, the LVC center had the shortest total OR time followed by the HVA, LVA, and HVC sites (194.85 vs. 224.69 vs. 244.07 vs. 279.54 minutes). However, there were a larger amount of revision cases performed at our HVA sites than our community hospitals (523 vs. 123 cases). Our HVA hospital specialized in orthopedic care experiences shorter primary THA OR times than community hospitals. These findings suggest that in addition to hospital volume, factors such as specialized staffing, standardized OR protocols, and additional resources affect operative times, making HVA centers better equipped to handle primary THA.
Chromosome 1p36 Deletion Syndrome: Four Patients with Variable Presentations
Authors: Chaudhry Chakshu , Kumari Divya , Panigrahi Inusha , Kaur Parminder
Published: July 2021

Chromosome 1p36 deletion accounts for around 1% of cases of intellectual disability. The pattern of clinical features includes developmental delay, hypotonia, seizures, short stature, intellectual disability, vision and hearing deficits, congenital heart disease, and renal abnormalities. The size of deletion can be variable. We report four cases of 1p36 deletion syndrome detected in the past 3 years in a genetic clinic. One patient was detected by next-generation sequencing, another by chromosomal microarray, and the remaining two by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. We discuss the variable presentations in the four children. Early diagnosis enables better prognostication and further reproductive planning.
Mild Encephalitis/Encephalopathy with Reversible Splenial Lesion Type II with New Spectrum
Authors: Nayyar Nishant , Rana Lokesh , Sood Dinesh , Chauhan Indrajeet Singh , Yadav Sudhir
Published: July 2021

Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a clinicoradiological entity characterized by mild encephalopathy with typical radiological findings. We report a case of 10-year-old male child who presented with abnormal body movements and altered consciousness. MRI revealed typical Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) type II lesions. On follow-up, although patient improved clinically with reversal of MERS type II lesions; however, multiple punctuate blooming foci, suggesting microhemorrhages, were seen on imaging in bilateral cerebral hemispheres. This has not been documented yet and signifies a new spectrum of MERS.
Image-Guided Breast Interventions: Biopsy and Beyond
Authors: Dhamija Ekta , Singh Rashmi , Mishra Seema , Hari Smriti
Published: July 2021

Breast interventions primarily comprise of biopsy of the suspicious breast lesions to obtain accurate pathological diagnosis. Generally, image-guided breast biopsy is required for nonpalpable lesions, however, even in palpable lesions, image-guided biopsy should be performed as it improves the accuracy of diagnosis. Image-guided breast interventions have progressed well beyond biopsy, making the radiologist an important part of the multidisciplinary management of breast cancer. Preoperative localization of nonpalpable abnormalities guides optimal surgical excision to obtain negative margins without sacrificing the normal tissue. Ablative procedures for breast cancer treatment such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation can sometimes replace surgery in older patients with comorbidities. This article enumerates and describes the expanding spectrum of image-guided interventions performed by breast radiologist.
Side Strain and Impact Injuries at the Iliac Crest Attachment of Lateral Abdominal Wall Musculature in Cricketers: An Uncommon Injury Pattern
Authors: Mehta Chinmay P. , Daftary Aditya , Lawande Malini
Published: July 2021

Side strains refer to injuries of the internal/external oblique or the transversus abdominis, commonly at their attachment to the lower four ribs and rarely at their pelvic attachments. Injuries at the rib attachments are well-described while literature on iliac crest attachment injuries is sparse. We report four cricketers who had side strain and direct impact injuries with varying degrees of severity at the iliac crest attachment. The purpose of this article is to describe the anatomy, possible mechanism of injury, and imaging findings in the lateral abdominal wall muscle injuries at the iliac crest, which have not been described previously.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Internal Jugular Vein: An Extremely Rare Entity with Review of Literature
Authors: Kumar Khemendra , Kumar Parveen , Bhatia Mona , Garg Amit
Published: July 2021

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an unusual spindle cell neoplasm that commonly arises from pleura. In the last decade, multiple case reports have described its diverse occurrence in extrapleural locations involving almost every anatomic site. Intravascular SFT is extremely rare and has been reported in inferior vena cava and renal vein only, to the best of our knowledge. SFT of the internal jugular vein has never been reported. We present a case of a SFT arising from internal jugular vein with extraluminal exophytic component extending into supraclavicular fossa. It should also be considered as a differential diagnosis for neoplasm arising from the internal jugular vein.
Facial Nerve Schwannoma: The Rare/Great Mimicker of Vestibular Schwannoma/Neuroma
Authors: Pathapati Deepthi , Barla Kiran , Dayal Monal , Gati Rajitha , Lakota Praveen Kumar
Published: July 2021

Schwannomas are benign tumors arising from Schwann cells which are a protective casing of nerves, composing myelin sheath and can develop in any nerve where Schwann cells are present. Most common are vestibulocochlear nerve schwannomas. Facial nerve schwannomas (FNSs) are uncommon tumors involving seventh nerve of which geniculate ganglion involvement is most common. Clinical presentations and the imaging appearances of FNSs are influenced by the topographical anatomy of the facial nerve and vary according to the segments involved. We report a case of 73-year-old man presenting with right side facial weakness of lower motor neuron type involvement. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are clinching the diagnosis. An early diagnosis is important in containing the disease facilitating early surgical intervention.
Postoperative Recurrent Paraspinal Fibromatosis after Resection of Cervical Meningioma and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Batta Nafisa S. , Batra Vikas
Published: July 2021

The extra-abdominal deep fibromatoses also called as desmoid tumor (DT) are rare musculoaponeurotic, histologically benign tumoral soft tissue lesions which are locally aggressive with high rate of recurrence and no metastatic potential. Here, we describe a rare case of postoperative paraspinal fibromatosis in female child after aciurgy of intraspinal cervical meningioma. The lesion was incidentally detected in routine follow-up study and showed significant interval growth over a period of 1 year. Surgical resection was performed after histopathological confirmation; however, recurrence was observed. Hitherto only seven cases of postoperative paraspinal fibromatosis have been reported in the literature. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this report is the first case of postoperative fibromatosis in cervical spine after resection of meningioma. The aim of the case report is to emphasize the clinical scenario for suspicion of fibromatosis, magnetic resonance imaging clues, and multidisciplinary treatment strategy which has shifted toward initial active surveillance.
Parametric amplification in optical fibre with longitudinally varying dispersion
Authors: Mazhirina Yu.A. , Mel’nikov L.A. , Sysoliatin A.A. , Konyukhov A.I. , Gochelashvili K.S. , Venkitesh Deepa , Sarkar Suchita
Published: July 2021

We analyse modulation instability in fibre with longitudinally varying dispersion and the associated parametric amplification and confirm that modulation instability in such fibre is observed even in the case of positive dispersion. Highly nonlinear fibre with periodic dispersion modulation is shown to be potentially attractive as a component of a parametric amplifier with an extended gain band due to parametric resonances. Issues related to the influence of SRS and SBS on the operation of parametric amplifiers are discussed.
A theoretical study of the group refractive index n
g in a four-level inverted Y-type system formed by 87Rb atom – laser radiation interaction
Authors: Hazra R. , Hossain M.M.
Published: July 2021

We report a theoretical investigation of the dispersion resulting from electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and the associated group refractive index profiles n
g of a four-level inverted Y-type system formed by the interaction of three optical fields (probe, pump and control) with 87Rb atoms. The density matrix equations are derived from the semi-classical Liouville’s equation and solved both numerically and analytically to study the coherent nonlinear optical properties of the medium. We first present the EIT, dispersion and corresponding group index profiles n
g under the switch-on/off and on/off-resonance conditions of the pump and control lasers. In presence of both pump and control lasers, an enhancement of the EIT window, a sharp EIT spike and related steeper dispersion slopes are obtained at the line centre of the probe frequency detuning. The group index profiles with the variation of the strengths of individual applied optical fields are studied. The effect of the ground state decoherence rates on the group index profile is examined in detail. It is found that the manipulation of n
g values and the corresponding group velocities ν
g of the probe light can be easily controlled from subluminal to superluminal values or vice versa by changing the strengths of the applied fields and the ground state decoherence rates. Besides, the EIT-based ‘optical switching’ phenomenon in the medium is explained by studying the variation of the group index with the pump and control Rabi frequencies.
System of fibre-optic smoothing of laser radiation on the Luch laser facility
Authors: Sizmin D.V. , Pugacheva V.N. , Starodubtsev K.V. , Dushina L.A. , Gorchakov O.I. , Derkach V.N. , Voronich I.N.
Published: July 2021

A front end system with spatiotemporal smoothing based on the use of multimode optical fibre has been developed on the Luch laser. The system consists of a broadband master oscillator, a smoothing fibre, preamplifiers, and subsystems for the formation of temporal and spatial radiation profile. The processes of generation of partially coherent radiation, its amplification and conversion into the second harmonic are experimentally investigated. At the amplifying channel output, the pulse energy of the first harmonic reaches up to 1200 J with a pulse duration of 4 ns; the technical coefficient of radiation conversion to the second harmonic is up to 44%, and the beam divergence is 0.2 – 0.25 mrad. When using smoothed radiation, the speckled structure in the far field is almost completely eliminated: the small-scale inhomogeneity of the target irradiation, integrated over the pulse time, is reduced by 1 – 2 orders of magnitude compared to unsmoothed radiation.
Formation of a waveguide in a LiF crystal by a mid-IR light bullet
Authors: Kuznetsov A.V. , Dormidonov A.E. , Kompanets V.O. , Chekalin S.V. , Kandidov V.P.
Published: July 2021

We report experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamics of the onset of micromodifications in a LiF crystal upon filamentation of femtosecond mid-IR radiation under conditions of anomalous group velocity dispersion with an increase in the number of acting pulses. It is found that the length of the induced waveguide increases with an increase in the number of acting pulses both in the direction of radiation propagation and in the opposite direction, reaching about 5 mm with an exposure of several thousand pulses. A model is proposed for the waveguide structure formation upon accumulation of changes in the LiF refractive index, caused by the formation of colour centres under conditions of saturation of their concentration. It is shown that the refractive index transverse distribution in the structure has a table-like shape with a diameter of more than 4 μm, which leads to the localisation of radiation reflected from the boundaries of the waveguide.
Laser amplification in an Yb : YAG active mirror with a significant temperature gradient
Authors: Kuptsov G.V. , Petrov V.A. , Petrov V.V. , Laptev A.V. , Konovalova A.O. , Kirpichnikov A.V. , Pestryakov E.V.
Published: July 2021

A time-dependent model of laser amplification in an Yb : YAG crystal is considered based on a system of balance equations, as well as radiation transfer and heat conduction equations. The model also takes into account the dependence of the laser characteristics of the gain medium on the injection wavelength and the effect of amplified spontaneous emission. This model is verified based on a diode-pumped amplifier with cryogenic cooling of active elements. The dependences of the gain on the pump pulse energy are experimentally measured for different amplification regimes and compared with simulation results.
Affricate variation in Emirati Arabic
Authors: Szreder Marta , Derrick Donald , Ben-Ammar Chahla
Published: July 2021

Using a corpus analysis and an elicitation study,
we provide evidence regarding the effects of lexical, phonological
and socio-phonetic factors on the distribution of affricate variants
in Emirati Arabic (EA). The corpus results indicate that the
processes are only partially attributable to lexical factors;
results reveal previously unreported patterns of vowel effects, and
suggest a role of coronal consonants in determining affrication. The
experimental results highlight significant within- and
across-speaker variability that is not only lexically-determined,
but also contradicts traditional hypotheses regarding the geographic
distribution of the variants. This exploratory study presents a
detailed descriptive analysis of the process in EA, providing
suggestions for future investigations.