bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“We didn't know what it was going to be until we built it”: Exploring processes of collaboration across disciplinary boundaries
Authors: Alemanne Nicole D.
Published: April 2015

This poster reports on findings from a study of the processes used by an interdisciplinary academic team to work across domain boundaries. Interdisciplinary research holds much promise to address complex social problems, but there has been little work addressing the work processes of time‐limited academic teams. The project takes a social constructionist approach, using the social worlds perspective (Strauss, ), the intrinsically transient social worlds model (Kazmer, ), and boundary objects theory (Star & Griesemer, ) as sensitizing concepts, and grounded theory, situational analysis, and social network analysis as methods. This paper discusses the iterative nature of the project and its work, the need for both specialist and generalist work roles, and the need for team members to be willing to take chances and fail.
Splicing analysis for exonic and intronic mismatch repair gene variants associated with Lynch syndrome confirms high concordance between minigene assays and patient RNA analyses
Authors: van der Klift Heleen M. , Jansen Anne M. L. , van der Steenstraten Niki , Bik Elsa C. , Tops Carli M. J. , Devilee Peter , Wijnen Juul T.
Published: April 2015

A subset of DNA variants causes genetic disease through aberrant splicing. Experimental splicing assays, either RT‐PCR analyses of patient RNA or functional splicing reporter minigene assays, are required to evaluate the molecular nature of the splice defect. Here, we present minigene assays performed for 17 variants in the consensus splice site regions, 14 exonic variants outside these regions, and two deep intronic variants, all in the DNA mismatch‐repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, associated with Lynch syndrome. We also included two deep intronic variants in APC and PKD2. For one variant (MLH1 c.122A>G), our minigene assay and patient RNA analysis could not confirm the previously reported aberrant splicing. The aim of our study was to further investigate the concordance between minigene splicing assays and patient RNA analyses. For 30 variants results from patient RNA analyses were available, either performed by our laboratory or presented in literature. Some variants were deliberately included in this study because they resulted in multiple aberrant transcripts in patient RNA analysis, or caused a splice effect other than the prevalent exon skip. While both methods were completely concordant in the assessment of splice effects, four variants exhibited major differences in aberrant splice patterns. Based on the present and earlier studies, together showing an almost 100% concordance of minigene assays with patient RNA analyses, we discuss the weight given to minigene splicing assays in the current criteria proposed by InSiGHT for clinical classification of MMR variants.
Benefits of superdrainage using SIEV in DIEP flap breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Kyeong‐Tae , Mun Goo‐Hyun
Published: April 2015

Background

Superdrainage using superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) has been often used to overcome occasional venous insufficiency in deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. However, a consensus regarding its clinical benefits is lacking. The aim of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of superdrainage using SIEV on clinical outcome in DIEP flap breast reconstruction by meta‐analytic methodology.

Methods

Medline, Ovid and Google Scholar were searched to obtain all relevant publications. Pooled risks for perfusion‐related complications were compared between the superdrainage group and control group by Mantel–Haenszel test.

Results

Six studies representing 1,376 cases (842 superdrainage and 534 control group) were enrolled, all of which were retrospective cohort studies. Superdrainage had little influence on the risk of total flap loss (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.36–2.57). There were trends toward decreasing risks of partial flap loss (RR: 0.59, 95% CI; 0.18–1.94) and fat necrosis (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.58–1.30) in the superdrainage group, though they were not significant. The risk of partial flap necrosis in which partial flap loss and fat necrosis were combined, was reduced 20% in the superdrainage group, although statistical significance was not achieved (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.57–1.11). The risk of flap congestion decreased significantly in the superdrainage group (RR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.51).

Conclusions

Although there is obvious benefit of SIEV superdrainage in reducing the risk of flap congestion, evidence supporting its use to prevent flap compromise is still insufficient. Further studies would be required. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:75–83, 2017.
Establishing Good Computer Modelling Practice (GCMP) in the Prediction of Chemical Toxicity
Authors: Judson Philip N. , Barber Christopher , Canipa Steven J. , Poignant Géraldine , Williams Richard
Published: April 2015

This paper suggests guidelines for good computer modelling practice (GCMP) when predicting chemical toxicity, with similar purposes to those for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). The purpose of GCMP is not to specify what should be delivered with models or predictions but to set out what must be done to ensure that work can be audited, on site, in a way analogous to the auditing of studies conforming to GLP; it is intended to confirm that work has been done properly, as distinct from providing advice on how to do it. Comments are made on the guidelines and how they might be followed, based on practical experience with the implementation of such a scheme in the development of knowledge‐based and quantitative structure activity relationship models. It is hoped that publication of this paper will encourage wider discussion of the subject leading to adoption of measures to ensure the trustworthiness of computer modelling work that is carried out in connection with regulatory submissions.
Effects of surface‐functionalized aluminum nitride on thermal, electrical, and mechanical behaviors of polyarylene ether nitrile‐based composites
Authors: Chen Yuanming , He Xuemei , Wu Yue , Gao Xing , Wang Jinling , He Wei , Silberschmidt Vadim V. , Xu Huan
Published: April 2015

Aluminum nitride (AlN) with high thermal conductivity was blended in polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) to obtain a composite system. A ball milling process could provide AlN particles of smaller size with higher surface silylation for homogeneous particle distribution in polymeric matrix. Thermal, electrical, and mechanical behaviors of the produced composites were characterized to investigate the effects of particles on the performance of PEN‐based composites with functionalized AlN. The composite exhibited thermal conductivity of 0.779 W m−1K−1, a dielectric constant of 7.7, dielectric loss of 0.032, electrical resistivity of 1.39 GΩ.cm, and break strength of 36 N when the fraction of functionalized AlN increased to 42.3 vol%. A fitted equation based on the improved Russell's model could effectively predict a trend for thermal conductivity of the composite systems with consideration of interfacial resistance between AlN and surrounding PEN. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3033–3041, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
The effects of long‐term exposure of flax fiber reinforced polymer to salt solution at high temperature on tensile properties
Authors: Mak Kenneth , Fam Amir , MacDougall Colin
Published: April 2015

Most research on natural fiber composites has been primarily conducted on randomly‐oriented fibers. This study is focused on the short‐ and long‐term performances of flax fiber‐reinforced polymer (Flax‐FRP) made from continuous unidirectional fiber mats, and compares it to Glass‐FRP composite. The study looked into the effect of number of layers on properties, comparing wet layup (WL) to vacuum bag (VB) molding, and aging in a 3.5% salt solution for up to 365 days at 23, 40, and 55°C. Results show that Flax‐FRP has a tensile strength and modulus of one third the values of Glass‐FRP. Using the VB process, Flax‐FRP showed a strength and modulus 18 and 36% higher, respectively, than WL specimens. As the number of layers increased from one to five, the strength and modulus also increased but stabilized at three layers. After 365 days of conditioning at 23, 40, and 55°C, WL specimens showed a strength retention of 81, 73, and 69%, respectively. Using the Arrhenius relationship, it was estimated that both WL and VB Flax‐FRP would retain 60% of their tensile strength after 100 years of saltwater exposure at an annual mean temperature of 10°C. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3234–3244, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Proteomics analysis of digestive juice from silkworm during Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection
Authors: Hu Xiaolong , Zhu Min , Wang Simei , Zhu Liyuan , Xue Renyu , Cao Guangli , Gong Chengliang
Published: April 2015

Previous studies have analyzed the midgut transcriptome and proteome after challenge with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), however little information is available on the digestive juice proteome after BmNPV challenge. This study investigated BmNPV infection‐induced protein changes in the digestive juice of silkworms using shotgun proteomics and MS sequencing. From the digestive juice of normal third‐day, fifth‐instar silkworm larvae, 75 proteins were identified, 44 of which were unknown; from larvae 6 h after inoculation with BmNPV, 106 proteins were identified, of which 39 were unknown. After BmNPV challenge, more secreted proteins appeared that had antiviral and digestive features. GO annotation analysis clustered most proteins in the lumen into catalytic, binding, and metabolic processes. Numerous proteins were reported to have BmNPV interactions. Hsp70 protein cognate, lipase‐1, and chlorophyllide A‐binding protein precursor were upregulated significantly after BmNPV challenge. Levels of trypsin‐like serine protease, beta‐1,3‐glucanase, catalase, and serine protease transcripts decreased or were not significantly change after BmNPV challenge. Taken together, these findings provided insights into the interaction between host and BmNPV and revealed potential functions of digestive juice after per os BmNPV infection.
Purification of mRNA‐programmed translation initiation complexes suitable for mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Chicher Johana , Simonetti Angelita , Kuhn Lauriane , Schaeffer Laure , Hammann Philippe , Eriani Gilbert , Martin Franck
Published: April 2015

Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC‐MS/MS) is a powerful analytical technique for the identification and mass analysis of complex protein mixtures. Here, we present a combination of methods developed for the extensive/deep proteomic analysis of purified ribosome/mRNA particles assembled in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL). Ribosomes are assembled on chimeric biotinylated mRNA–DNA molecules immobilized on streptavidin‐coated beads and incubated with RRL to form initiation complexes. After washing steps, the complexes are trypsin‐digested directly on the beads in semi‐native condition or after their elution from the beads in denaturing Laemmli buffer. The nanoLC‐MS/MS analysis performed on complexes assembled on β‐globin, viral HCV, and histone H4 mRNAs revealed significant differences in initiation factors composition in agreement with models of translation initiation used by these different types of mRNAs. Using Laemmli‐denaturing condition induces release of deeply buried peptides from the ribosome and eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) allowing the identification of the nearly complete set of ribosomal proteins.
Antibacterial poly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces obtained from thymyl methacrylate polymerization
Authors: Bedel Sophie , Lepoittevin Bénédicte , Costa Ludovic , Leroy Olivier , Dragoe Diana , Bruzaud Jérôme , Herry Jean‐Marie , Guilbaud Morgan , Bellon‐Fontaine Marie‐Noëlle , Roger Philippe
Published: April 2015

Thymol, an antibacterial agent was used for the preparation of a methacrylic monomer. The conventional and atom transfer radical (ATRP) polymerizations of this monomer were studied using different conditions. Then, the functionalization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films by “grafting from” ATRP using this monomer was investigated. In this aim, a three steps procedure was developed. The surfaces were first treated by NH3 plasma treatment to incorporate primary amino functions. Then, in a second step, ATRP initiator was grafted by reaction with bromoisobutyryl bromide. Surface initiated ATRP of thymyl methacrylate was performed in solution in the presence of a sacrificial initiator. The efficiency of these reactions was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Wetting properties and surface energy were found to vary systematically depending to the type of functionalization and grafting. The poly(thymyl methacrylate)‐grafted PET surfaces exhibit resistance to bacterial adhesion toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus strains. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1975–1985
Hydronium Copper(II)‐tris(5‐nitrotetrazolate) Trihydrate – A Primary Explosive
Authors: Krawiec Mariusz , Anderson Stephen R. , Dubé Pascal , Ford David D. , Salan Jerry S. , Lenahan Shannon , Mehta Neha , Hamilton Clifton R.
Published: April 2015

The long‐time elusive structure of the acid copper(II) salt intermediate in the production of DBX‐1 is presented. The single‐crystal X‐ray shows infinite chains of copper(II) ions complexed by six 5‐nitrotetrazolate anions are aligned along the sixfold axis. Hydronium ions are located on the threefold axis with additional neutral water molecules.
Influence of a Specialized Trigonella foenum‐graecum Seed Extract (Libifem), on Testosterone, Estradiol and Sexual Function in Healthy Menstruating Women, a Randomised Placebo Controlled Study
Authors: Rao Amanda , Steels Elizabeth , Beccaria Gavin , Inder Warrick J. , Vitetta Luis
Published: April 2015

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Trigonella foenum‐graecum (fenugreek) seed extract on sex hormones and sexual function in healthy menstruating women who reported low sexual drive. This short term, single site, double blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled study was conducted on 80 women, aged 20 to 49 years. Participants were randomised to either an oral dose of a standardised T. foenum‐graecum seed extract (libifem) at a dose of 600 mg/day or placebo over two menstrual cycles. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, progesterone, androstenedione, total and free testosterone, estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, sex hormone binding globulin and cholesterol were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. The individual aspects of sexual function were measured using the Derogatis interview for sexual functioning and female sexual function index self‐administered questionnaires. Stress, fatigue and quality of the relationship with partner were also measured using the PSS (Perceived Stress Scale), MFI‐20 (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory) and DAS (Dyadic Adjustment Scale) quality of life measures, respectively. There was a significant increase in free testosterone and E2 in the active group as well as sexual desire and arousal compared with the placebo group. The results indicate that this extract of T. foenum‐graecum may be a useful treatment for increasing sexual arousal and desire in women. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimate variable importance for recurrent event outcomes with an application to identify hypoglycemia risk factors
Authors: Duan Ran , Fu Haoda
Published: April 2015

Recurrent event data are an important data type for medical research. In particular, many safety endpoints are recurrent outcomes, such as hypoglycemic events. For such a situation, it is important to identify the factors causing these events and rank these factors by their importance. Traditional model selection methods are not able to provide variable importance in this context. Methods that are able to evaluate the variable importance, such as gradient boosting and random forest algorithms, cannot directly be applied to recurrent events data. In this paper, we propose a two‐step method that enables us to evaluate the variable importance for recurrent events data. We evaluated the performance of our proposed method by simulations and applied it to a data set from a diabetes study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re: Prediction of early‐ and late‐onset pregnancy‐induced hypertension using placental volume on three‐dimensional ultrasound and uterine artery Doppler. T. Arakaki, J. Hasegawa, M. Nakamura, S. Hamada, M. Muramoto, H. Takita, K. Ichizuka and A. Sekizawa. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 45: 539–543
Authors: Poon L.
Published: April 2015

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 45: 539–543
Network pharmacodynamic models for customized cancer therapy
Authors: Gallo James M. , Birtwistle Marc R.
Published: April 2015

Pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) have always been integral to the design of rational drug dosing regimens. Early on PK‐driven approaches came under the auspices of therapeutic drug monitoring that progressed into population‐based PK and PK/PD modeling analyses. As the availability of tissue samples for measurement of drug concentrations is limited in patients, the bulk of such model‐based methods relied on plasma drug concentrations to both build models and monitor therapy. The continued advances in systems biology and the spawning of systems pharmacology propelled the creation of enhanced PD (ePD) models. One of the main characteristic of ePD models is that they are derived from mechanistically grounded biochemical reaction networks. These models are commonly represented as systems of coupled ordinary differential equations with the ability to tailor each reaction and protein concentration to an individual's genomic/proteomic profile. As patient genomic analyses become more common, many genetic and protein abnormalities can be represented in the ePD models, and thus offer a path toward personalized anticancer therapies. By linking PK models to ePD models, a full spectrum of pharmacological simulation tools is available to design sophisticated multidrug regimens. However, ePD models are not a panacea and face challenges in model identifiability, scaling and parameter estimation. Nonetheless, as new technologies evolve and are coupled with fresh ideas on model implementation, it is likely that ePD and PK/ePD models will be considered a viable enterprise to customize anticancer drug therapy. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:243–251. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1300

This article is categorized under:

Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Synthesis, Crystal, and Electronic Structure of Ba3Sb2Q7 (Q = S, Se)
Authors: Wang Jian , Lee Kathleen , Kovnir Kirill
Published: April 2015

Two new barium antimony chalcogenides, Ba3Sb2S7 and Ba3Sb2Se7, were synthesized from elements by high‐temperature solid‐state reactions. The crystal structures were determined by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both compounds are isostructural and crystallize in a new structure type in the monoclinic space group C2/c (No. = 15) with unit cell parameters of a = 18.305(2)/18.904(5) Å, b = 12.202(1)/12.651(3) Å, c = 13.117(1)/13.554(3) Å, and β = 110.134(1)/109.839(4)° for Ba3Sb2S7/Ba3Sb2Se7, respectively. The crystal structures are comprised of Ba cations, trigonal‐pyramidal [SbQ3]3–, and [SbQ4]3– units (Q = S, Se). In the SbQ4 unit, one vertex is a Q2 dumbbell instead of a single Q atom. Quantum‐chemical calculations show that the sulfur‐containing compound is an indirect semiconductor with a high density of states below the Fermi level. ELF analysis shows highly polarized Sb–S bonds and unusual torus‐shaped ELF distributions around the terminal sulfur atom of the S2 dumbbell. According to UV/Vis measurements Ba3Sb2S7 is an indirect semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.1 eV.
Amyloid burden, cortical thickness, and cognitive function in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention
Authors: Doherty Benjamin M. , Schultz Stephanie A. , Oh Jennifer M. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Dowling N. Maritza , Barnhart Todd E. , Murali Dhanabalan , Gallagher Catherine L. , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Bendlin Barbara B. , LaRue Asenath , Hermann Bruce P. , Rowley Howard A. , Asthana Sanjay , Sager Mark A. , Christian Brad T. , Johnson Sterling C. , Okonkwo Ozioma C.
Published: April 2015

There is a growing interest in understanding how amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation in preclinical Alzheimer's disease relates to brain morphometric measures and cognition. Existing investigations in this area have been primarily conducted in older cognitively normal (CN) individuals. Therefore, not much is known about the associations between Aβ burden, cortical thickness, and cognition in midlife. We examined this question in 109, CN, late to middle‐aged adults (mean age = 60.72 ± 5.65 years) from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. They underwent Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) and anatomical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and a comprehensive cognitive examination. Blinded visual rating of the PiB scans was used to classify the participants as Aβ+ or Aβ−. Cortical thickness measurements were derived from the MR images. The Aβ+ group exhibited significant thinning of the entorhinal cortex and accelerated age‐associated thinning of the parahippocampal gyrus compared with the Aβ− group. The Aβ+ group also had numerically lower, but nonsignificant, test scores on all cognitive measures, and significantly faster age‐associated cognitive decline on measures of Speed & Flexibility, Verbal Ability, and Visuospatial Ability. Our findings suggest that early Aβ aggregation is associated with deleterious changes in brain structure and cognitive function, even in midlife, and that the temporal lag between Aβ deposition and the inception of neurodegenerative/cognitive changes might be narrower than currently thought.
Satisfacción con la discusión de casos clínicos como herramienta didáctica: informe de dos ciclos escolares
Authors: Garcia Maynez-Contreras Ana Maria , Reynaga-Obregón Jesus , Márquez-Algara Laura
Published: April 2015

Introducción: En la enseñanza de las ciencias de la salud se han incluido cambios basados en marcos teóricos que responden a diferentes enfoques y paradigmas, de acuerdo al pensamiento de las diversas épocas. Actualmente en la Facultad de Medicina, se realizaron cambios curriculares para la formación médica bajo un enfoque por competencias. Se implementaron herramientas didácticas, con una denotación para lograr que los estudiantes vinculen las ciencias básicas con la clínica y dentro de ellas se usa el “caso clínico”; estrategia poco usada en la enseñaza en las ciencias básicas de nuestro país, pero muy socorrida en otras partes del mundo.

Objetivo: Documentar la satisfacción de dos generaciones de estudiantes y profesores con la discusión de casos clínicos como herramienta didáctica.

Método: Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo. La población de estudio estuvo constituida de 713 alumnos y 21 profesores del ciclo escolar 2009-2010, y de 269 alumnos y 10 profesores del ciclo escolar 2011-2012, del Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM. Para medir el grado de satisfacción de alumnos y profesores con respecto a la técnica didáctica, se midió a través de dos instrumentos con escala de respuesta tipo Likert.

Resultados: Los alumnos y profesores opinaron que la estrategia facilitó el aprendizaje, integró los contenidos con otras asignaturas y sugirieron seguir utilizando la técnica.

Conclusiones: Con base en los resultados obtenidos, puede afirmarse que la revisión dirigida de “caso clínico”, tuvo una satisfacción como herramienta didáctica tanto por los alumnos como por los profesores en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Cómo realizar una búsqueda de información eficiente. Foco en estudiantes, profesores e investigadores en el área educativa
Authors: Moncada-Hernández Sandra Guillermina
Published: April 2015

Un gran porcentaje de estudiantes y profesorado del área biomédica, utilizan Google como la primera opción de fuente de información (FI) ante una pregunta académica, por otro lado sólo el 40% de las búsquedas realizadas por médicos para resolver problemas clínicos, encuentran la información correcta.El objetivo de este documento estuvo dirigido a aportar las bases fundamentales de las búsquedas de información (BI) y la adquisición de habilidades que permitan obtener información selectiva, relevante y pertinente; de manera eficiente y crítica, así como identificar las FI pertinentes en el área biomédica. Se propusieron tres grupos de usuarios en la BI: 1) estudiantes y profesorado, 2) profesionales clínicos e 3) investigadores, con la finalidad de construir la metodología de búsqueda e identificar las FI de acuerdo a las necesidades de cada grupo. Se planteó un proceso de seis fases para la búsqueda efectiva de información: acercamiento del tema, planteamiento de la pregunta, construcción de la estrategia, elección de la FI, opción de refinar la búsqueda y la organización, administración y uso de la información; las cuales involucran el desarrollo de las habilidades más importantes en la BI. La BI comprende un proceso dinámico, en la medida que se desarrollen las habilidades necesarias para garantizar el éxito en este proceso se logrará la capacidad de “pasar de la información al conocimiento”, la habilidad para formular preguntas y la construcción de las estrategias de búsqueda para obtener la mejor evidencia, así como evaluarla críticamente, es una destreza esencial para el apoyo en la toma de decisiones, la construcción de marcos de referencia, actualización en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, por lo que es de suma importancia que la comunidad conozca y utilice los servicios de las bibliotecas, finalmente la tendencia de la enseñanza controlada conlleva que el alumno sea más  autorregulado e independiente.
Recomendaciones para responder exámenes de opción múltiple
Authors: Jurado-Núñez Alma
Published: April 2015

Las evaluaciones son un elemento necesario en la formación de cualquier profesional. Los exámenes de opción múltiple son la herramienta más frecuentemente utilizada para estos fines y, en consecuencia, el formato al que más se enfrentan los estudiantes de medicina. Existen prácticas usuales al presentar un examen, y cada persona ha adoptado un estilo de resolución. Sea cual sea este, el artículo propone algunas actividades que potencialmente optimizarían el desempeño del sustentante al convertir vicios o defectos en la construcción de pruebas, en argumentos para optar por una u otra respuesta. La estrategia para adquirir una ventaja competitiva requiere sumar las recomendaciones con la experiencia del estudiante.
Validación de un modelo instruccional centrado en el diseño de materiales digitales de aprendizaje
Authors: Luna-Gijón Gerardo , Porras-Hernández Laura Helena
Published: April 2015

Introducción: Actualmente el docente de Medicina necesita incorporar materiales digitales en su clase. Este acercamiento es mejor cuando se tiene una guía que apoye su elaboración aportando el enfoque de fomentar el razonamiento clínico.

Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un modelo instruccional para diseñar materiales educativos digitales, que apoyen el razonamiento clínico en la enseñanza de pregrado.

Método: La primera validación del modelo se realizó con la técnica Delphi, en la que participó un panel de expertos, de dos Facultades de Medicina. A cada uno se le pidió analizar el modelo y hacer recomendaciones en base en: 1) la efectividad de las etapas propuestas, 2) la adecuación para las condiciones y necesidades de los docentes médicos, 3) el tiempo y facilidad de ejecución del modelo.

Resultados: Los resultados indicaron un alto grado de aceptación del modelo por parte de los expertos. Las etapas y pasos fueron adecuados y valiosos, se señalaron cambios menores en cuanto al tiempo de ejecución y facilidad de uso para aquellos docentes dedicados a la enseñanza de tiempo parcial, lo cual dio origen a una versión alterna del modelo enfocado a este perfil.

Conclusiones: Este estudio dio evidencia de la viabilidad para apoyar a los docentes médicos al diseñar materiales digitales educativos mediante un modelo instruccional, que promueve el razonamiento clínico en los estudiantes de Medicina durante la etapa pregrado.
Relación entre formación del docente y desarrollo de aptitud clínica en alumnos de Medicina Familiar
Authors: López-Portillo Armando , Nava-Ayala Flor Araceli , Barrientos-Juárez Arian , Palacios-Bonilla Margarita
Published: April 2015

Introducción: Como medida de impacto en el Curso de Especialización en Medicina Familiar para médicos generales, se consideran los progresos de los alumnos en su forma de tomar decisiones al atender pacientes.

Objetivo: Estimar la relación entre la formación del docente (FD) y el desarrollo de aptitud clínica de los alumnos de Medicina Familiar.

Material y método: Estudio de cohorte en siete sedes académicas, con 53 alumnos que respondieron las evaluaciones basal y final con un instrumento de 10 casos clínicos y 277 enunciados, validado por rondas de expertos, con una consistencia interna por alfa de Cronbach= 0.89 y por KR20= 0.94. Las sedes se agruparon de acuerdo a la formación del docente en FD nula,baja, media y avanzada.

Resultados: No hubo desarrollo de aptitud clínica para alumnos de los grupos FD nula, baja y media; los alumnos del grupo FD avanzada tuvieron cambios significativos en cinco casos y la mayor puntuación global (p<0.0001). El  incremento ponderado es similar en los grupos FD nula, baja y media por debajo del grupo FD avanzada (p<0.0001); 72% de los alumnos del grupo FD avanzada se posicionaron en el nivel alto de aptitud clínica. Existe correlación entreel promedio del examen universitario y la puntuación de aptitud clínica (Rho de Spearman=0.43, p= 0.002).

Conclusiones: Los alumnos de las sedes con formación del docente nula, baja y media no desarrollaron aptitud clínica, lo cual revela limitaciones de tipo académico y la necesidad de modificar estrategias educativas con la intención de superar las deficiencias detectadas. Los alumnos del grupo formación del docente avanzada desarrollaron un nivel alto de aptitud clínica; este cambio parece asociarse a la formación del docente, muy posiblemente esa fortaleza sea el camino para mejorar los procesos educativos en el posgrado.
Importancia de la inteligencia emocional en Medicina
Authors: Hernández-Vargas Clara Ivette , Dickinson-Bannack María Eloísa
Published: April 2015

La inteligencia emocional es un tema que no se ha abordado lo suficiente en medicina, la ciencia nos muestra que no es un tema de moda sino todo lo contrario es un conjunto de habilidades relacionadas entre sí que implican la capacidad de controlarse uno mismo, y que tienen que ver con la capacidad de percibir con precisión, así como valorar y expresar emociones de uno mismo y generar sentimientos que faciliten el pensamiento y la comprensión de las emociones de los demás. Este artículo pretende sensibilizar a los profesores de las Escuelas y Facultades de Medicina que están a cargo de la enseñanza, para que consideren el tema de la inteligencia emocional como una asignatura pendiente para los estudiantes de pregrado y de especialidades médicas. Los alumnos requieren saber cómo responder emocionalmente en diversas situaciones personales como en situaciones médicas.
La educación médica basada en competencias: ¿santo remedio o vino viejo en nueva botella?
Authors: Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor
Published: April 2015

¿Cuántas veces he escuchado o leído nuestro amable lector la palabra "competencias" en la misma frase u oración que "educación"? Sin temor a equivocarme, en los últimos años he oído el término "educación basada en competencias" (EBC) o "educación por competencias" mas de una vez a la semana (incluyendo vacaciones y días festivos) en inauguraciones o clausuras de  congresos sobre educación, en ceremonias de bienvenida o despedida de estudiantes de pre y posgrado, en sesiones académicas, conferencias, revisión de bibliográficas, comentarios de pasillo sobre cómo enseñar y evaluar mejor, y, obviamente, en apasionadas discusiones sobre los planes y programas de estudio de las escuela de medicina.
Caracterización por promedio de los grupos de internado de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM
Authors: Reyes Carmona Carlos , Monterrosas Rojas Ana Maria , Navarrete Martínez Andrea , Flores Morones Felipe
Published: April 2015

Introducción: En México, el internado médico de pregrado es un ciclo académico teórico-práctico, que se realiza como parte de los planes de estudio de la licenciatura en medicina. La selección de sedes hospitalarias se realiza de acuerdo al promedio de calificaciones del alumno a lo largo de la carrera. El promedio constituye el único parámetro para la elección de la sede. El objetivo del estudio es caracterizar los grupos de las sedes de internado de acuerdo al promedio, instituciones públicas o privadas y su lejanía geográfica en la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM.

 

Método: Es un estudio transversal, retrospectivo, descriptivo. Para el reporte del promedio se utilizó estadística descriptiva. La comparación entre los promedios de las sedes se realizó con prueba ANOVA y se agruparon por bloques. La comparación entre los promedios de las instituciones se realizó con modelos jerárquicos lineales. La correlación entre lejanía y promedio se calculó con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson.

 

Resultados: De un total de 810 alumnos, 516 fueron mujeres el (63.7%) y 294 hombres el (36.3%), que se distribuyeron en 37 grupos en las diferentes sedes a nwel nacional. El promedio grupal menor fue de 7.5 (DE O. 15), el promedio grupal mayor de 9.2 (DE O. 18), el promedio de selección del alumno fue de 7.2 el menor y el mayor de 9.7. Se formaron 4 bloques de sedes sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre sus promedios. Al comparar el promedio por instituciones, no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ellas. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre la lejanía y el promedio fue de 0.114 (p 0.001).

 

Conclusiones: El promedio por alumno el menor fue de 7.2 y el mayor de 9.7. Se formaron cuatro bloques de sedes sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre sus promedios. Al comparar el promedio por instituciones no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ellas. La correlación lejanía•promedio es baja lo cual sugiere que el promedio no está tan vinculado con la lejanía de la sede. Lo que puede tener implicaciones en el desarrollo de competencias y calidad de la atención por lo que consideramos que debemos buscar alternativas en la selección de las sedes.
El debate en torno al concepto de competencias
Authors: Morales Castillo José Daniel , Varela Ruiz Margarita
Published: April 2015

En la actualidad el enfoque educativo basado en competencias se ha establecido sólidamente en la educación médica del siglo XX y del presente. Identifica la complejidad del concepto de competencias, su evolución en el campo de la medicina y las ventajas y retos que presenta.
ECONOMIC RUNAWAYS: PATRONAGE, POVERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF ‘FREEDOM’ ON SIERRA LEONE'S MARITIME FRONTIER
Authors: Diggins Jennifer
Published: April 2015

As a result of the autopsy of Sierra Leone's civil war, we have become familiar with a rather dystopian vision of ‘traditional’ economic life in that region. Combatants often described their family villages as spaces where profound inequalities were hidden within households; where labour exploitation was woven through kinship relations. This article follows several young men who fled conditions of bonded labour in their rural homes: not to join the war but to seek a new life in the commercial fishing economy. Elsewhere across the postcolonial world, there is a rich ethnographic literature illustrating that people on the fringes of the global capitalist order respond with profound unease as their economic lives become ever more strongly regulated by impersonal market forces. Less often acknowledged is the possibility that, for some people, in some contexts, severing social relations might be exactly what they want, and that therein lies the greatest appeal of an economic life characterized by market transactions. For the young men described in this article, commercial fishing appeared to offer a level of personal ‘freedom’ unimaginable within the patron–client structures of village life. However, most find themselves drawn rapidly back into new forms of extractive relationships.
FATHERS AND CHILDREN OF IVORIAN INDEPENDENCE: METAPHORS OF KINSHIP AND GENERATION IN THE MAKING OF A NATIONAL TIME
Authors: N'Guessan Konstanze
Published: April 2015

I look at the image of a generation of youth as the vanguard force of an ongoing struggle for independence and a new nation on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of Ivorian independence. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of Reinhart Koselleck, I explore the making of national time as layered temporality, with generations not succeeding each other but rather coexisting. My analysis of expressions and performances of ‘doing being youth’ helps in understanding how the label ‘youth’ is used to mark membership in or exclusion from a collective. I examine the process of how ‘youth’ is made into a meaningful marker and how and why political actors engage in performances of ‘being youth’. I embed this analysis in a genealogy of the nation as a metaphoric kin group and examine the ways in which Ivorians belong to and actively create ‘generations’, referring to independence as alieu de mémoire. The paper explores the cultural expressions of contemporary Ivorian politics and analyses performances of the past in the present and the positions young people may take or are given in the nation's past, present and future.
Eating out is different from eating at home among individuals who occasionally eat out. A cross-sectional study among middle-aged adults from eleven European countries
Authors: Naska Androniki , Katsoulis Michail , Orfanos Philippos , Lachat Carl , Gedrich Kurt , Rodrigues Sara S. P. , Freisling Heinz , Kolsteren Patrick , Engeset Dagrun , Lopes Carla , Elmadfa Ibrahim , Wendt Andrea , Knüppel Sven , Turrini Aida , Tumino Rosario , Ocké Marga C. , Sekula Wlodzimierz , Nilsson Lena Maria , Key Tim , Trichopoulou Antonia ,   on behalf of the HECTOR Consortium
Published: April 2015

Eating out has been linked to the current obesity epidemic, but the evaluation of the extent to which out of home (OH) dietary intakes are different from those at home (AH) is limited. Data collected among 8849 men and 14 277 women aged 35–64 years from the general population of eleven European countries through 24-h dietary recalls or food diaries were analysed to: (1) compare food consumption OH to those AH; (2) describe the characteristics of substantial OH eaters, defined as those who consumed 25 % or more of their total daily energy intake at OH locations. Logistic regression models were fit to identify personal characteristics associated with eating out. In both sexes, beverages, sugar, desserts, sweet and savoury bakery products were consumed more OH than AH. In some countries, men reported higher intakes of fish OH than AH. Overall, substantial OH eating was more common among men, the younger and the more educated participants, but was weakly associated with total energy intake. The substantial OH eaters reported similar dietary intakes OH and AH. Individuals who were not identified as substantial OH eaters reported consuming proportionally higher quantities of sweet and savoury bakery products, soft drinks, juices and other non-alcoholic beverages OH than AH. The OH intakes were different from the AH ones, only among individuals who reported a relatively small contribution of OH eating to their daily intakes and this may partly explain the inconsistent findings relating eating out to the current obesity epidemic.
RNA interference-aided knockdown of a putative saccharopine dehydrogenase leads to abnormal ecdysis in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Wan P.-J. , Yang L. , Yuan S.-Y. , Tang Y.-H. , Fu Q. , Li G.-Q.
Published: April 2015

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is a serious phloem-feeding pest of rice in China. The current study focuses on a saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) that catalyzes the penultimate reaction in biosynthesis of the amino acid lysine (Lys), which plays a role in insect growth and carnitine production (as a substrate). The protein, provisionally designated as NlylsSDH [a SDH derived from yeast-like symbiont (YLS) in N. lugens], had a higher transcript level in abdomens, compared with heads, wings, legs and thoraces, which agrees with YLS distribution in N. lugens. Ingestion of Nlylssdh targeted double-stranded RNA (dsNlylssdh) for 5, 10 and 15 days decreased the mRNA abundance in the hoppers by 47, 70 and 31%, respectively, comparing with those ingesting normal or dsegfp diets. Nlylssdh knockdown slightly decreased the body weights, significantly delayed the development of females, and killed approximately 30% of the nymphs. Moreover, some surviving adults showed two apparent phenotypic defects: wing deformation and nymphal cuticles remained on tips of the legs and abdomens. The brachypterours/macropterours and sex ratios (female/male) of the adults on the dsRNA diet were lowered compared with the adults on diets without dsRNA. These results suggest that Nlylssdh encodes a functional SDH protein. The adverse effect of Nlylssdh knockdown on N. lugens implies the importance of Lys in hopper development. This study provides a proof of concept example that Nlylssdh could serve as a possible dsRNA-based pesticide for planthopper control.
Asteroid (Echinodermata) skeletal elements from upper Oligocene deposits of Jamaica and Antigua
Authors: BLAKE DANIEL B. , DONOVAN STEPHEN K. , MAH CHRISTOPHER L. , DIXON HAROLD L.
Published: April 2015

The Antillean Cenozoic fossil record of asteroids comprises mainly dissociated ossicles. Most common among isolates from upper Oligocene deposits of Jamaica and Antigua are marginal ossicles of an extinct, indeterminate species ofPycinaster. This is the youngest known occurrence of the genus and the first from beyond Europe. A number of relatively complete fossils have been assigned toPycinasterand (sub)familial status proposed for it together withPhocidaster. The latter proposition is based solely on a few marginals, but available diagnoses are judged insufficient to justify such recognition. The taxon Pycinasteridae is here synonymized with the Goniasteridae, although future study of added features (such as the ventral surface) might justify recognition at a higher taxonomic level. In addition to ossicles assigned toPycinaster, many marginals are tentatively assigned to the surviving goniasteridNymphaster. Numerous generic and many species names have been based on asteroid isolates, but the practice demands assumptions that are not readily justified. Linkage of discrete isolates under a single taxon name assumes derivation from a single source, an inference that can be verified only rarely (if ever), therefore reducing names to the single holotype ossicle. Availability of only isolates encourages comparison with extant taxa and biogeography, biasing interpretations with a Holocene overlay. Because of these constraints, a new nominal species ofPycinasteris not justified and assignment of ossicles toNymphasteris tentative. However, given the importance of asteroids in marine communities, we emphasize the significance, largely ignored, of their presence in Cenozoic deposits of the wider Caribbean.
Laser-assisted proton collision on light nuclei at moderate energies
Authors: Barna I.F. , Varró S.
Published: April 2015

We present a non-relativistic analytic quantum mechanical model to calculate angular differential cross-sections for laser-assisted proton nucleon scattering on a Woods–Saxon optical potential where the nth-order photon absorption is taken into account simultaneously. With this novel description we can integrate two well-established fields, namely low-energy nuclear physics and multi-photon processes together. As a physical example we calculate cross-sections for proton–12C collision at 49 MeV in the laboratory frame in various realistic laser fields. We consider optical Ti:sapphire and X-ray lasers with intensities which are available in existing laser facilities or in the future ELI or X-FEL.
Structural priming in Spanish as evidence of implicit learning
Authors: GÁMEZ PERLA B. , SHIMPI PRIYA M.
Published: April 2015

This study uses a structural priming technique with young Spanish speakers to test whether exposure to a rare syntactic form in Spanish (fue-passive) would increase the production and comprehension of that form. In Study 1, 14 six-year-old Spanish speakers described pictures of transitive scenes. This baseline study revealed thatfue-passives were virtually non-existent in children's spontaneous speech. Using the priming technique in Study 2, an additional 56 Spanish-speaking children were exposed tofue-passive or active picture descriptions; we varied whether children repeated the modeled form. With repetition, production offue-passives increased past baseline usage. When not asked to repeat, comprehension and production offue-passives was no different than chance. Results extend the existing literature by experimentally testing input effects on the production and comprehension of infrequently used constructions, further corroborating the relation between input frequency and language skill. Findings are consistent with the view that an implicit learning mechanism guides language learning.
Investigation of travel-related cases in a multinational outbreak: example of the Shiga-toxin producingE. colioutbreak in Germany, May–June 2011
Authors: DEVAUX I. , VARELA-SANTOS C. , PAYNE-HALLSTRÖM L. , TAKKINEN J. , BOGAARDT C. , COULOMBIER D.
Published: April 2015

Early investigation of travel-related cases in an outbreak of an emerging infectious disease can provide useful information to epidemiologists to characterize the exposure, while they may differ in demographic profiles from cases reported in the country where the outbreak has occurred. During the spring 2011E. colioutbreak in Germany, we proposed a methodological approach to collect a minimal set of demographic and clinical data that are relatively easy to obtain and available at an early stage of an outbreak investigation. Ninety-eight STEC O104 travel-related cases were reported in a survey by seven EU countries, Switzerland, Canada and the USA. We found a mean incubation period (n= 50) of 8·5 days, which confirmed previous estimations communicated by the Robert Koch Institute. No significant association was found between the duration of the incubation period and possible demographic and clinical factors, although the older the age, the shorter the incubation period that was observed. Such approach and observations are informative for further investigations of outbreaks of enterohaemorrhagicE. colior other emerging infectious diseases.
Critical Citizens: Attitudes towards Democracy in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: PIETSCH JULIET , CLARK MARSHALL
Published: April 2015

In recent years much has been said about how new democracies are backsliding or have regressed since the turn of the century when hope and optimism about the future spread of democracy was widespread. However, ideas that democracy would spread were based on institutional and governance indicators rather than from the perspective of everyday citizens. When we look at public attitudes towards democracy during this period, we can see that such optimism was perhaps misplaced or premature. Drawing on findings from the AsiaBarometer and the World Values Survey, this research finds that public attitudes during this time were not overly convinced by democracy and certainly not yet satisfied with their government's performance in terms of providing basic democratic freedoms and independence.