bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmission mechanism of monetary policy in India - An Expost Study
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Dr. S. , Pradha T.Lashmi
Published: July 2022

The transmission mechanism of monetary policy is correlated to lending which expands aggregate demand in the economy. The banking system form an important place in the monetary policy transmission. The channels of monetary policy transmission are: Interest Rate Channel, Credit or Loan Supply Channel, Exchange Rate Channel, and Asset Price Channel. The financial prices include interest rates, exchange rates, yields, asset prices, and equity prices, and the financial quantities consists of money supply, credit aggregates, supply of government bonds and foreign denominated assets. RBI uses various monetary policy frameworks over the years which is classified as pre-monetary targeting (1947 to 1984-85), monetary targeting (1984-85 to 1997- 98), Multiple Indicators approach (1998-99 to 2014), Inflation Targeting (from 2013 onwards), and Flexible Inflation Targeting (FIT). MCLR also drastically decreased for all these banks from 2019 to 2021. The external benchmark has increased for the three types of banks from 2019 to 2021. The repo rate gives a contrast data between pre and post FIT periods. The financial system is not fully developed which is a hindrance to the transmission mechanism. The cost of lending, issues in bond market, and pandemic situation related problems requires an appropriate transmission mechanism in the monetary policy of our country.
To the History of a Word Introduced by Hristo Botev
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Vesselinov Dimitar
Published: July 2022

The aim of the article is to present the history of a French loanword, introduced in Bulgarian language by the poet-publicist Hristo Botev. The research is within the realm of diachronic empruntology, viewed as a science for tracking interlanguage lexical transfers in their chronological order. The object of research is the lexeme "francophile", in the process of work the method of empruntological diachronic analysis being applied, which includes establishing the first text fixation of the french loan in standard Bulgarian language. The fate of the word in French and in Bulgarian languages is presented. Parallelly with this different derivative forms, which are compared to their Bulgarian counterparts. The results obtained allow for reconstruction of Bulgarian language fate of the French lexical creation "francophile" in a formal and semantic perspective, allowing for comparison of connotative uses of the French loan word francophile.
Specifics of Teaching Choir Conducting in the Specialities “Music” and “Pedagogy of Teaching “Music” in Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”
Authors:   Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Hvarkata Zdravka
Published: July 2022

Teaching choir conducting in the specialties “Music” and “Pedagogy of teaching music” in Plovdiv university “Paisii Hilendarski” has its own specifics in view of the fact that the university is not a specialized one and the students do not have enough preliminary music background. This necessitates a more complicated approach in teaching them, which includes elaborating various issues in the field of theory of music and putting the studied works in a broader music-and-history context. As a lecturer of choir conducting I made my own pedagogical system comprising a preliminary introduction to the studied authors, clarification of the stylistic peculiarities of the particular works and analyses of their form in view of structure and composition process when working out a conductor’s own concept of interpretation. When selecting songs for choir conducting my criterion is that they have high artistic impact and thus inspire the students, at the same time demand the acquisition of worthy conducting skills and techniques. In this paper such an example is the suggested comment about working on Claude Le Jeune’s “Battle song”.
The Binary Lesson as a Means of Upgrading the Compulsory Minimum in Mathematics in the Second Grade
Authors:   Alexander Georgiev-Kodzhakafaliyata Primary School, Georgieva Veselina , Ivanova Tanya
Published: July 2022

The binary (also called integrated or synthesized) lesson is considered as a non-traditional form of organization of learning. This type of lessons is applied both in vocational education and in general education school. In binary lessons, theoretical knowledge and practical skills are formed inseparably. They can unite two teachers from different subjects and fields. Binary lessons have a more specific technology of preparation and conduct than traditional lessons. Their structure is very dynamic and flexible depending on the type of lesson (lesson-lecture, lessonseminar, lesson-talk, lesson-discussion, lesson-conference, summary lesson, etc.). Such lessons are usually difficult to fit into a lesson. It is good for such lessons to be paired, because they favor the development of dialogic communication and interaction of teachers with each other, as well as between each of them and the students. The availability of two sources of information stimulates students to be actively involved in the learning environment, to compare different points of view, to express their opinions and attitudes. During such a lesson, they have the opportunity not only to master a much larger amount of information than traditional, but also to develop and improve their communication skills, to show initiative and creativity.
Análise do preparo e da administração de medicamentos em unidades de cuidados intensivos
Authors: Cabreira de Almeida Silva Mirelle , Calisto Magioni da Silva Santos Fabiola , Insabralde de Queiroz Cardoso Andreia , Moraes Penha Ramon , Guimarães Polisel Camila
Published: July 2022

Analisar o preparo e administração de medicamentos. Método: Estudo observacional-quantitativo, cuja amostra foi composta por profissionais de enfermagem da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto e Unidade Coronariana de um hospital de ensino brasileiro. Resultados: Um total de 393 preparos de doses e 412 administrações de medicamentos foram avaliados. A presença de pelo menos um erro foi observado em 94,14% (n= 370) dos processos de preparo e em 82,8% (n=341) dos processos de administração de medicamentos. Erros de preparo identificados foram as falhas na técnica asséptica: não desinfecção de ampolas/frascos 56% (n=148); não desinfecção de bancada 76% (n=200) e não utilização Equipamentos de Proteção Individual 80% (n=212), os erros de administração foram provenientes da técnica 69% (n=323) e horário das medicações 22% (n=105). Conclusões: Os resultados contribuíram para a caracterização dos erros relacionados ao processo de preparo e administração de medicamentos e no reconhecimento das fragilidades de processos assistenciais relacionados à segurança do paciente no uso de medicamentos.
PERSEPSI ORANG TUA PADA METODE DARING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PEKERJAAN DASAR TEKNIK OTOMOTIF
Authors: Paat Jecky , Rampo Yohanis , Mapaliey David
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pertama Untuk mengetahui persepsi orang tua pada pembelajaran daring mata pelajaran pekerjaan dasar teknik otomotif siswa kelas X otomotif SMK Negeri 1 Motoling Timur dan Untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran daring pada mata pelajaran pekerjaan dasar teknik otomotif siswa kelas Xotomotif SMK Negeri 1 Motoling Timur, Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dibantu dengan SPSS IBM versi 22 .Sempel dalam penelitian ini yaitu orang tua siswa kelas x Multimedia yang ada di SMK N 1 Motoling Timur yang berjumlah 19 orang siswa. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan Terdapat Hubungan positif dan signifikan antara Persepsi Orang Tua Pada Metode Daring Dalam Pembelajaran Pekerjaan Dasar Teknik Otomotif Siswa Kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Motoling Timur, Hal ini dapat memberikan Implikasi. bahwa dengan adanya Persepsi Orang Tua Pada Metode Daring yang baik dan tepat, maka akan dapat meningkatkan mutu Pembelajaran Pekerjaan Dasar Teknik Otomotif Siswa Kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Motoling Timur
 
Kata Kunci : Persepsi Orang Tua Pada Metode Daring , Pembelajaran Pekerjaan Dasar Teknik Otomotif.
PENGARUH DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISTEM HIDROLIK SISWA KELAS X TKR SMK NEGERI 3 TONDANO
Authors: Taduu Yohanes , Mapaliey David , Manongko Jenly
Published: July 2022

The main purpose of this research is to find out how far the influence of Discovery Learning on Hydraulic System Learning Outcomes on students in SMK Negeri 3 Tondano. On this occasion the researcher used a quasi-experimental approach with a nonrandomized control-group pretest-posttest design. To test the differences in hypotheses with the t-test for data that are normally distributed, the researcher used all students in class X of the TKR Department of SMK Negeri 3 Tondano, totaling 30 students, for the population, while for the sample the researchers divided into two groups, namely the experimental group of 15 students and the experimental group. control 15 students. Based on the results of research conducted that there is a comparison between the values ​​of tcount and ttable, with the acquisition of tcount = 4.22 and ttable = 2.048. For this reason, the value of tcount has more value in the ttable. So, it is said that Ho is not influential while Ha is influential. Therefore, learning Discovery Learning is able to improve hydraulic system learning outcomes for students at SMK Negeri 3 Tondano, especially class X TKR.Keywords: Discovery Learning, Hydraulic System, learning outcomes.
Influence of three pruning intensities on productive characteristics of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) CCN-51 clone
Authors: Villamar-Torres Ronald , Jazayeri Seyed Mehdi
Published: July 2022

The cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a widespread crop and occupies an increasing number of hectares of agricultural land distributed throughout almost all of Ecuador. The agronomic management of this crop consists of different agricultural tasks of which pruning is one of the main ones. In many cocoa farms, pruning is done incorrectly, causing the cocoa trees not to reach their ideal structure and leading to low production. Cocoa is of great importance as a source of external income for the country. The objective of this research is to evaluate three pruning intensities in CCN-51 cocoa and their influence on production. Three treatments with different pruning intensities of 25%, 50%, and 75% (T1, T2, and T3, respectively) were studied. Each treatment consisted of 10 plants and 4 replicates, for a total of 120 plants. A RDBC randomized complete block design was used. Health and production data were evaluated for each plot. For the healthy fruit variable, T1 pruning at 25% obtained the best result, while for diseased fruit, T2 pruning at 50% obtained a good result.
Espacios arquitectónicos para la mediación pedagógica: Diseñando juntos la nueva escuela
Authors: Garache Zamora Marythel
Published: July 2022

La pedagogía y la arquitectura tienen unos fines educativos, porque en esencia, acompañan a los individuos en la percepción y actuación del mundo, determinan en gran medida su inteligencia física, emocional y social. Revisa las teorías docentes, las razones contextuales y las condiciones históricas que han configurado estos espacios intencionales desde el origen de la difusión del conocimiento, y revisa con más detenimiento aquellos espacios teóricos otorgados intencionalmente o inconscientemente de manera teórica o práctica, la calidad de esas sugerencias, ya sean modelos arquitectónicos teóricos o reales, debe resaltar algunas cualidades. Se centra en el espacio-escuela dedicado, a la etapa de formación de los individuos de manera regular y se centra en la experiencia del espacio, y en base a sus componentes más esclarecedores, se llevó a cabo la clasifi cación individual del espacio didáctico. Este ensayo se basó en la aplicación del enfoque de información, vivencia personal, historias de vida, observaciones, textos históricos que se desarrollan posteriormente. Es necesario reconsiderar el espacio educativo para adecuarlo a las necesidades actuales de la sociedad del conocimiento, reflexionar sobre la pedagogía arquitectónica desde la perspectiva de la integración entre disciplinas: arquitectura y pedagogía. La horizontalidad está lejos de establecer una mayor especialización y aislamiento, pero es indispensable. La sociedad se desarrolla a través de la mistificación, al establecer argumentos comunes, generando territorios para el encuentro.
Estigma, Violencia y Marginalidad El ocultamiento del ejercicio de la prostitución callejera
Authors: González Parra Katherine
Published: July 2022

Se presenta una investigación empírica desde el campo de la antropología social durante el cual se observó el contexto de la prostitución callejera en el barrio La Merced de la Ciudad México en relación con las mujeres de adultez media. La investigación se realizó en un periodo de dos años, del 2018 al 2020 donde se recoge información que permite dibujar las relaciones sociales en las cuales se encuentran las mujeres que ejercen esta labor, resaltando otros papeles sociales como el ser abuelas, madres, hermanas e hijas en un sistema prostitucional donde su sentido de agencia es limitado y el estigma que acarrea su ofi ciolas hace mantener una doble vida. Así mismo, se muestra las difi cultades metodológicas para realizar el trabajo de campo, empezando por el encubrimiento de ser investigadora por mi propia protección, el del personal de la fundación y el de las mujeres con las que se compartió debido a las dinámicas y el contexto de La Merced, dificultando el uso de instrumentos de recolección de datos y el de recursos tecnológicos. Siendo así, la investigación se fundamentó no sólo en lo observado, escuchado y su diario de campo sino también a través de dibujos que se crearon a través de mi dialéctica, mis sensaciones y la misma sensibilidad que plasmo el artista que los realizó, acreditando una flexibilidad metodológica. Por consiguiente, se resalta lo encontrado en la investigación a través del trabajo etnográfico y las mismas ilustraciones.
Representaciones sociales y cultura un acercamiento antropológico
Authors: Ramos Ramírez José Luis
Published: July 2022

En el presente articulo cientifico ofrezco una introducción a la teoría y metodología de las representaciones sociales desde una perspectiva antropológica, articulando un concepto simbólico de cultura. El haber encontrado poca atención en las tesis -en Lima, Perú- me motivó para invitar a estudiantes de Antropología a que revisen y critiquen esta propuesta heurística con la intención de estudiar el pensamiento social de colectividades sociales. Es originaria de la Psicología Social francesa, pero un antecedente central son las representaciones colectivas de Durkheim. Las RS contienen una dimensión simbólica que invita a ser atendida por los antropólogos.
Repensando la lectura antropológica, un acercamiento Interpretativo a la función de los textos clásicos
Authors: Sandoval Carabali Rober Andres
Published: July 2022

El presente ensayo pretende mostrar de manera general: cual es la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de antropología de la Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta Colombia, sobre la función de la lectura de los textos clásicos. Para ello este texto parte de la pregunta ¿Cuál es la función en la implementación de la lectura de los escritos clásicos, que bajo análisis y lineamientos marcados por la academia eurocéntrica, indagan sobre las dinámicas socioculturales?Analizando diferentes postulados y los cambios en el quehacer antropológico, este escrito desarrolla diferentes argumentos que concluyen en la proposición de la implementación del paralelismo en la lectura de los textos clásicos con los actuales, ya que esto permite una mejor apropiación intelectual y con ella la conformación de un pensamiento crítico por fuera de los esquemas clásicos hegemónicos.
Percepciones del derecho a la lengua en los Nahuas. De Santa Ana Tlacotenco
Authors: Del Valle Núñez Elsa
Published: July 2022

En este artículo se analizan algunas percepciones que la comunidad nahua de Santa Ana Tlacotenco, Alcaldía Milpa Alta, en la Ciudad de México tiene respecto al derecho a la lengua. Este derecho como un derecho positivo mexicano no sólo se interpreta a partir de su comprensión legal, sino requiere, además de la signifi cación que tienen los pueblos originarios, por esto último, la importancia de este estudio. Conocer las percepciones que los nahuas de Santa Ana Tlacotenco tienen respecto a este derecho, establece como uno de los resultados que el derecho a la lengua es comprendido por los actores de esta investigación como un derecho constitucional que entraña una relación de poder asimétrica entre el Estado mexicano y los indígenas; un derecho que jurídicamente en apariencia es neutral, pero con el cual se continúa fortaleciendo la potestad del Estado sobre los bienes culturales como son las lenguas de los grupos minorizados; por lo tanto, a nivel social este derecho se percibe como un derecho con contenido político. Teóricamente esta investigación se fundamenta en el Realismo Jurídico y la Teoría Critica del Derecho; y se caracteriza por ser un estudio cualitativo realizado durante 2019 y 2020, cuya base de datos se construyó a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas y de observaciones en campo, las cuales se analizaron por medio del Método Teoría Fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin (2002)
La ruralidad envilo: Jesús Tepactepec Persistencias y transformaciones sociolaborales
Authors: Flores Chavarría Milton José
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación se sumerge en el análisis de las dinámicas contemporáneas que generan los procesos de reconfi guración de la ruralidad en sentido territorial, la relación de la comunidad con el entorno o ambiente y sus efectos en la cultura rural, a partir de la resignifi cación que asignan las familias rurales en Jesús Tepactepec. Dentro de los fi nes se encuentra el propósito de profundizar en la forma en que se toma el territorio, desde lo físico, hasta la confi guración simbólica en los habitantes y la infl uencia en la reproducción del modo de vida rural, para ello, se indaga en las transformaciones dentro territorio rural y en la reproducción de la cultura de los pobladores, lo que permite una exploración en las relaciones sociedad-naturaleza y ser humanoambiente, a través de las formas en que la población percibe, convive y enfrenta la contaminación de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Zahuapan, por la dinámica presente de actividades industriales y su efecto en la concentración de poblaciones.
Uso del suelo y actividades agrícolas de la comarca Lomas del Gavilán, municipio de Nindirí-Masaya en el año 2020
Authors: Talavera Montalván Raúl Isaac
Published: July 2022

La presente investigación se realizó en la comarca Lomas del Gavilán, Nindirí- Masaya, con el propósito de caracterizar las actividades agrícolas y el uso del suelo. La metodología que se utilizó fue de carácter descriptiva, de enfoque cuantitativo, la población estuvo constituido por 10 productores agrícolas, integrando los mismos la muestra de esta investigación, las variables de estudios son, actividad agrícola, recurso suelo, impacto de las actividades agrícolas, buenas prácticas de uso de suelo. Para la recopilación de información se usaron técnicas entre ellas: la entrevista a instituciones del estado presentes en la comarca, y posteriormente la aplicación de la encuesta a los productores. La comarca Lomas del Gavilán es una pequeña zona de 4.6 km2 (AMUSCLAM, 2011-2012), dedicada a las actividades agrícolas entre ellos, maíz, frijoles, cítricos, hortalizas. Las actividades existentes en esta comarca, han generado un impacto negativo en el suelo, debido a la sobreexplotación, malas prácticas agrícolas, uso inadecuado y la deforestación que provocan un proceso acelerado de erosión del suelo. En el área se observa procesos acelerados de degradación del suelo, que se pueden manifestar en, la reducción de las cosechas especialmente en los granos básicos, y en la acumulación de sedimentos en las partes bajas de la región.
La Danza guerrera en la fiesta del Sol: El caso de cotacachi-Ecuador
Authors: Cevallos Calapi Raúl Clemente , Bedón Suárez Nelson Iván , Benítez Bastidas Nhora Magdalena , Cevallos Vaca Michelle
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo es un sumario de la investigación: El rol de los cabecillas o rukukuna en la fiesta del Sol del pueblo kichwa de Cotacachi, como elemento identitario y de reafirmación cultural, fue autorizado y certificado por el Consejo Directivo del Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CUICYT) de la Universidad Técnica del Norte (UTN); en tal razón, esta investigación se distingue a partir de los rituales efectuados durante la danza guerrera en la plaza del pueblo de Cotacachi. Ahí, los danzantes kichwas que representan a dos sectores geográficos opuestos se enfrentan físicamente hasta lastimarse. El proyecto ausculta el rol simbólico del cabecilla que se constituye en la figura más acreditada de la fiesta del Sol. Por su estructura, la investigación es de corte etnográfica, que estudia el proceso festivo de los danzantes. En este proceso se involucraron 48 líderes indígenas provenientes de 12 comunidades kichwas, quienes son informantes de fuente primaria para la presente exploración, quienes en algún momento de su vida ejercieron el rol protagónico de “cabecilla o prioste” de la fiesta del Sol. Entre los resultados más relevantes se evidencia al cabecilla y a sus acompañantes como los actores más influyentes de la danza guerrera; ellos recrean el poder y la autoridad colectiva mediante los rituales para ganar la plaza. Se concluye que, los cabecillas, cuanto más trayectoria y experiencia social tienen, mayor jerarquía disponen en el escenario ritual o habitual; durante la danza guerrera provocan derramamiento de sangre e incluso la muerte de sus opositores.
Regional Economic Growth In Mexico: The 21st Century Economy
Authors: Díaz Bautista Alejandro , Polanco Gaytán Mayrén
Published: July 2022

Regional economics in Mexico is concerned with the spatial allocation of economic activity. It is centered along the analysis within regions and states or metropolitan areas of a country. Mexico as a country is now one of the fastest-growing economies in Latin America and a model of financial and commercial integration. But formidable development and economic growth challenges lie ahead for Mexico in the next quarter century, as it observed the deep contrasts between Mexico's rich and poor states, growing urban centers and destitute rural areas, and between Mexicans rich enough to be considered between the richest men in the world and owning companies that are able to compete with industrialized countries, and those Mexicans for whom the benefits of globalization have not yet materialized. In the coming years, Mexico faces many challenges in order to support economic growth. The economic reforms, including the financial sector reform, labor reform, energy and decentralization, promises to give the country a greater legitimacy, stronger sustainability and a higher rate of economic growth. The present book covers the effects of human capital and research and development on growth and regional convergence in Mexico. It also takes a closer look at institutions and economic growth in Mexico; and also covers trade, economic growth and convergence.
Comment appréhender une littératie en évaluation pour décrire et comprendre le développement des compétences des enseignants ?
Authors: Pasquini Raphaël , Morales Villabona Fernando
Published: July 2022

Notre recherche interroge dans quelle mesure la littératie en évaluation (LE), peu développée dans la communauté de recherche francophone, apparaît porteuse pour décrire et comprendre le développement de compétences chez six enseignants de mathématiques et de français du secondaire, en Suisse romande. L’analyse des données issues d’un dispositif de formation favorisant les échanges et la création d’épreuves sommatives en exploitant des apports théoriques spécifiques permet d’explorer le développement dynamique des compétences des enseignants, et par le fait même, celui de leur LE, à l’aide d’une méthodologie exploitant les dimensions recensées dans la littérature contemporaine. Plus précisément, nos résultats montrent que les pratiques d’évaluation gagnent en cohérence, mais que les pratiques de notation rencontrent toujours des obstacles. La LE s’inscrit ici dans une épistémologie située et non technique. Elle montre toutefois la nécessité d’élargir encore l’analyse des négociations menées par les enseignants dans leurs pratiques évaluatives pour mieux en comprendre les caractéristiques.
Tras la huella de Macedonio
Authors: Rogna Juan Ezequiel
Published: July 2022

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Una resistencia que no cesa: relatos testimoniales del exilio republicano español en Africa del Norte
Authors: Díaz Ayleen Julio
Published: July 2022

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Florene Mary Young and Margaret May Zeigler: The First Women in Professorial Ranks, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia
Authors: Thomas Roger K.
Published: July 2022

In 1933, two factors resulted in Florene Mary Young (1903–1994) and Margaret May Zeigler (1882–1976) concurrently becoming the first female tenured faculty members in the Department of Psychology at the University of Georgia (UGA). The first was the onset of the Great Depression in 1929, and the second was the legislative creation of the Board of Regents in 1932, established to oversee the University System of Georgia legislatively in 1933. For financial reasons the Regents closed the Georgia State Teachers College, where Young and Zeigler were employed, in Athens, also home of UGA. Young and Zeigler were offered and accepted tenured faculty positions at UGA.

Before presenting biographical information about Young and Zeigler, I will present an overview of the history of psychology at UGA before their arrival and the status of women as students and faculty members at UGA before their arrival to provide useful background and context. Young was 21 years younger than Zeigler, earned the PhD in 1938, and had 36 years at UGA. Far more biographical information is available about Young than about Zeigler. Before the Closing Remarks I will consider Young and Zeigler in the context of other women psychologists of their generation.
The Phenomenology of Hope
Authors: Kwong Jack M. C.
Published: July 2022

What is the phenomenology of hope? A common view is that hope has a generally positive and pleasant affective tone. This rosy depiction, however, has recently been challenged. Certain hopes, it has been objected, are such that they are either entirely negative in valence or neutral in tone. In this paper, I argue that this challenge has only limited success. In particular, I show that it only applies to one sense of hope but leaves another sense—one that is implicitly but widely employed in the hope literature—untouched. Moreover, I argue that hope construed in this latter sense is inherently positively valenced. The paper concludes by discussing some of the implications of this defense of hope's positive phenomenology, including the ontological question of whether hope is an emotion.
Pemilihan Serentak Petinggi Kampung Tahun 2018 di Kecamatan Long Hubung Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu
Authors: Ding Andreanus
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 9/2017 on the Selection, Appointment, and Dismissal of Village Head in Mahakam Ulu Regency by using the case of the 2018 simultaneous direct election of Village Heads (Petinggi) in Long Hubung sub-District. This research employed purposive sampling technique in data collection, and descriptive qualitative in analysis. The results show that while such a Regional Regulation has been implemented, it has not proved optimal yet. This is due to the fact that inhibiting factors are still found in the implementation of simultaneous election of Village Heads in Long Hubung sub-district, causing one out of four villages to postpone the elections. Lack of communication, information, and coordination between the election committees in sub-district and at village levels caused several problems. More specifically, outdated list of eligible voters, allowing outsiders with improper documents to vote, and similar issues, became the source of vote cheating by high-ranking candidates.
 Keywords: village election, village heads(petinggi), policy implementation
Jaringan Korupsi Dinas Kehutanan Riau Pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 22/Tipkor/2015/Pt. Bdg
Authors: Yasa A. Andika
Published: July 2022

Hand Arrest Operations carried out by the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to Governor of Riau Province, Annas Maamun, drew much attention. The case originated from the conversion of some parts of protected forest to become a non-forest area in Indragiri Hulu District. This research attempts to understand the involvement of various actors in the corruption case of the Governor through Forestry Service of Riau Province; and secondly, to understand corruption networks within the Forestry Service based on Supreme Court verdict No. 22/TIPIKOR/2015/PT.BDG. The findings show that the actors in the corruption case involved Annas Maamun as Governor, Zulkifli Hasan as Minister of Forestry 2019-2004, and other government institutions in the Riau Province. From corporations, Manurung and Edison Siahaan had been involved as company owners who urged the Governor to facilitate forest conversion. From a presumed independent actor’s side, Koran Riau (a newspaper) played role to minimize or “neutralize” news on such corruption case. In addition, interaction among the actors had a certain pattern, with the modus operandi of the corruption having included gratification, bribery, fraud, and abuse of power.
Synthesis and Study of the Crystal Structure of 2-[(Dipyrrolidin-1-yl) methylene] malononitrile
Authors: Al-Adiwish Wedad M. , Barag Wedad M.
Published: July 2022

This study aims to synthesis 2-[(dipyrrolidin-1-yl)methylene] malononitrile 2 and identify its crystal structure by X-ray diffraction analysis. 2-[(dipyrrolidin-1-yl)methylene] malononitrile was prepared by a direct displacement of the methylthio group (SMe) in the 2-[bis(methylthio)methylene] malononitrile 1 with pyrrolidine as cyclic secondary amine by conjugating addition-elimination reaction under reflux conditions for two hours. The compound was obtained in high yield (80%). The structure of compound 2-[(dipyrrolidin-1-yl)methylene] malononitrile2  was identified by performing X-ray diffraction analysis. Suitable crystals of compound 2 were grown by slow evaporation of methanol solution of the compound. The compound 2 crystallized in an orthorhombic crystal system with a space group of Pbcn. In the title compound, the two cyanide groups and the two pyrrolidine rings adopted trans configurations across the C2=C3 bond. The bond lengths and angles of the two pyrrolidinyl rings in the compound are within the normal range. The maximum deviation of N5/C2/C3/C4/N5a/C4a is 0.002(1) around C4, and no deviation has been recorded for the fragment N1/N1a/C2/C3 (0.000 (1)°). The dihedral angle between the pyrrolidine ring and N1/N1a/C2/C3 is 33.06(8)°, and the dihedral angle between the pyrrolidine ring and N5/C2/C3/C4/N5a/C4a is 50.57(7)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by two intermolecular and one intramolecular C---H…N hydrogen bonds, which form a one-dimensional polymeric chain along the axis.
New records of plants to the flora of India from South Andaman Island
Authors: Kaliyamurthy Karthigeyan , Sumathi R. , Jayanthi J. , Diwakar P.
Published: July 2022

Goodenia koningsbergeri (Back.) Back. ex Bold., Ginalloa helferi Kurz and Sciaphilla secundiflora Thwaites ex Benth. are reported as new records for the flora of India from the South Andaman Island. Goodenia forms a new generic addition to the flora of India. Brief descriptions and illustrations are provided.
Analisis Pengembangan Sistem Distribusi Pada Sumber Mata Air Desa Lamendora Kecamatan Kapoiala Kabupaten Konawe
Authors: Abdillah Muh. Fiqram , Lakawa Irwan , Sulaiman Sulaiman , Ilham Viccky Anggara
Published: July 2022

Water is an important component for the life of living things on earth and cannot be separated from the need for water. Water is the main requirement in the process of life on earth so that there is no life if there is no water on earth. Water is an element that is difficult to separate from human life. The importance of the role of water for the life of creatures on the earth's surface, it is necessary to have a water source that can provide water both in terms of quantity and quality. The purpose of this study is to analyze the water demand in Lamendora Village for the next ten years and analyze the water discharge and installation capacity in the process of developing a water distribution system. The water demand for the next 10 years projection for each facility in Lamendora village is for the domestic sector of 0,000607 m/s, for the non-domestic sector the entire facility is 0.0005228 m³/s. The average flow rate of the Lamendora river is 10,988 m³/s, after that the roughness coefficient calculation according to hazzen-wiliams results in 24,189m from brocaptering to the reservoir. As for the flow velocity of 33.21 m3/second. so that the river flow of the Lamendora village can still meet the water needs for the next 10 years.
Rekayasa Bahan Pada Pekerjaan Pengaman Pantai
Authors: Raksi Sunandar , Lakawa Irwan , Sulaiman Sulaiman , Sudardjat Catrin , Sufrianto Sufrianto
Published: July 2022

Material Engineering is used to find alternatives or ideas that aim to produce better / lower costs than the previously planned price with functional limitations and quality of work. The purpose of this research is to analyze the cost efficiency and time effectiveness after analyzing the value engineering method. The analytical method used is material engineering on the type of activity in the coastal protection building which includes the casting and installation of buis concrete, mortar and cyclone concrete work with the substitution of mixed concrete materials in the work. The results showed that the cost efficiency after analyzing with the material engineering method was 14.15% or Rp. 274,670,356 of the Budget Plan as well as the time after analysis with the effectiveness of material engineering on the Polemo Beach Security Work, Poleang Timur District by 15% or 3 weeks ahead of the implementation schedule.
The Effects of STAD Method on Chinese Students’ Motivation in Learning English Communicative Competence
Authors: Zhang Yingting , Nair Subadrah Madhawa , Wider Walton
Published: July 2022

Many studies revealed that students have difficulties in learning English communicative competence and some are even resistant in learning the language. This study aimed to examine the effects of the STAD method in students’ motivation towards learning English communicative competence. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design lasting for 8 weeks which compared the performance between the Experimental Group taught using the STAD method and the Control Group taught using the conventional method. The sample were 80 first-year non -English major students from two polytechnic colleges in Guangdong, China. The samples were chosen as intact-groups (40 students in the Experimental Group and 40 students in the Control Group). The questionnaire on learning motivation was adapted from Keller’s ARCS model. The questionnaire was used to gauge student’s motivation in learning English communicative competence before and after the intervention. SPSS (Statistical Pakage for Social Sciences) Program for Windows version 25 was applied to analyze the data using the independent-samples t-test. The findings of this study revealed that the students in the Experimental Group showed significantly higher motivation in learning English communicative competence than the Control Group in their overall motivation and in all the ARCS components (Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction). This empirical study has strong pedagogical implication as it suggests that STAD method can be used by English lecturers to enhance students’ motivation in learning English communicative competence.
Frequency of Gastrointestinal Diseases Diagnosed on Barium Contrast Studies
Authors: Khalid Aneeqa , John Akash , Ali Abid , Batool Narjis , Zamir Areej
Published: July 2022

Barium is a non-invasive, low-cost imaging technology. Gastrointestinal (GIT) symptoms are common and have significant economic and social implications. Objective: To determine the frequency of gastrointestinal diseases diagnosed on barium contrast studies. Methods:This research includes 125 participants suffering from Gastrointestinal Diseases. The research was carried out at a secondary care private sector hospital in Gujranwala, Pakistan. The information was gathered between January and April of 2022. All patients who were recommended for barium examinations and those who had never surgery before were included in the study. Images were obtained for research objectives immediately after barium was taken orally. SPSS version 20 was used to enter and evaluate data. Results: Out of 125 Patients about 62(49.6%) were male and 63(50.4%) were female. The age ranges from (13-88 years) with a mean age of 48 years. The patients diagnose on barium study shows 11(8.8%) gastric ulcer, 7(5.6%) patients Achalasia, 19(15.2%) Diverticula, 10(8.0%) esophageal stricture, 13(10.4%) esophagitis, 5(4.0%) GERD, 7(5.6%) pyloric stenosis, 5(4.0%) SMA syndrome, 2(1.6%) others, and 46(36.8%) patients had normal radiological findings. Conclusion: Barium studies are a sensitive and reliable approach to identifying gastrointestinal problems. The barium studies should reclaim their place as a primary diagnostic tool by complementing endoscopy to provide physicians with information regarding the nature of the lesion
Pharmacological Effects of Curcuma Longa and Its Bioactive Constitute Curcumin
Authors: Koser Nazia , Abbas Rida , Rizwan Bahisht , Sultan Huzaifa , Islam Zeenat , Jawad Maham , Jawad Mahin , Waheed Mahnoor , Basharat Shahnai
Published: July 2022

Curcuma longa (Turmeric) belongs to the family Zingeberaceae, commonly used as a spice, pigment and additive also are one of the most important ingredients in the Indian subcontinent. In recent years’ research revealed several important functions of it. Among those being investigated is Turmeric. The aim of this review is to summarize the chemistry, referend, formulations of curcminoids and their biological activities and provides an update mainly on the pharmacological activities of the Turmeric, its extracts and credible medicinal applications of Turmeric, along with their safety evaluation. Its most important active ingredient is curcuminoids. Which are phenolic compounds and volatile oils being also present in turmeric are known for their functional and nutraceutical properties. Various preclinical cell culture and animal studies suggest that curcuminoids have extensive biological activity as antioxidants, neuroprotective, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-acidogenic, radioprotective, and arthritis. Different clinical trials also suggest a potential therapeutic role for curcuminoids in numerous chronic diseases like colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases. Nowadays, several drugs have been developed deriving from traditional products, and current drug research is actively investigating the possible therapeutic roles of many Ayurvedic and Traditional Indian medicinal therapies. Health benefits attributed to curcuminoids have resulted in their comprehensive utilization in food and pharmaceutical formulations.
Effects Of Modified ELDOA Technique in Patients with Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Arif Rimsha , Azfar Hanan , Waseem Asna , Nawaz Shabana , Ghafoor Sajjad Abdul
Published: July 2022

ELDOA is a revolutionary technique for improvement of health and longevity of the spine which is introduced by French osteopath; Guy Voyer. The primary goal of ELDOA is to apply focused internal tension and load to decrease pressure on the discs of spine, increase blood flow and to reduce pain at cervical spine. There is little high-quality evidence on best no operative therapy for cervical radiculopathy. Objective: To determine the effects of Modified ELDOA technique in patients with cervical radiculopathy in terms of pain, nerve tension and disability. Methods: Thirty patients were randomly assigned either to a group that performed modified ELDOA along with conventional treatment aimed at decreasing the effects of pain, nerve tension and disability or to a group that performed ELDOA and received conventional treatment having the same goal as the former. Randomized controlled trial was selected as the design of study. Treatment protocol of control group included hot pack, TENS, PIR(MET) 4 reps with 6 sec hold, Maitland oscillations (20 reps in 3 sets), ELDOA at cervical spine, Neurodynamic stretching of involved nerve. Treatment protocol of experimental group included hot pack, TENS, PIR(MET)4 reps with 6 seconds hold, Maitland oscillations (20 reps in 3 sets), modified ELDOA at cervical spine, Neurodynamic stretching of involved nerve. Each patient received 8 sessions on alternate days covered in a total span of 16 days. Assessments were done at 1st 8thsession.The tools used were NDI, NPRS and ROM through goniometer. IBMSPSS-21 was used to analyze data. Results: The results demonstrated that treatment protocols of both the control and experimental groups have significant effects on reducing pain, tension and disability and improving mobility of cervical spine. Whereas, for difference in effectiveness of modified ELDOA and ELDOA, the overall p-values came out to be >0.05 while comparing the end values of both groups, showing that there is a non-significant difference in the effects of ELDOA and modified ELDOA. Conclusion: Modified ELDOA works effectively in posture correction hence improving the functional status of patient. Modified ELDOA and ELDOA postures help in treatment of cervical radiculopathy. The effectiveness of ELDOA and modified ELDOA has a non-significant difference.
Comparison Of the Effectiveness of Maitland Manipulation of Thoracic Spine Versus Grade I And II Maitland Mobilization of Cervical Spine on Pain Intensity and Functional Status in Patients of Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Aroob Aqsa , Ahmed Zahoor Idrees , Ghaffar Momna , Ghaffar Noman , Ali Rana Arif , Shabbir Sidrah
Published: July 2022

Cervical radiculopathy (CR) is a most reported pathological problem mainly due to herniated disc material causing nerve compression or the formation of osteophytes. This impingement specifically causes cervical pain radiating to arm, numbness, and sensory deficit. It also affects the motor function of the neck and upper extremities. Objectives: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of Maitland manipulation of thoracic spine versus grade I and II Maitland mobilization of cervical spine on Pain, intensity, and functional status in patients of cervical radiculopathy. Methods: Total 32 patients suffering from cervical radiculopathy were randomly assigned to receive Maitland manipulation on thoracic spine along with Conventional Physiotherapy (intermittent cervical traction, strengthening exercises) in Group A(n=16) and Maitland mobilization on cervical spines along with Conventional Physiotherapy in Group B (n=16). Total treatment sessions given to each group was 9 (3 sessions per week). To measure outcome numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire was used. Data collection was done at the beginning and post-treatment. Results: The study revealed that the mean age of patients was 47.59 with a range minimum of 27 years to a maximum of 59 years. Comparison of post-treatment of both groups showed mean NPRS score in group A (Maitland thoracic spine manipulation) was 4.56± 1.031 and group B (Maitland cervical spine mobilization) was 6.12± 0.50, while post-treatment NDI score group A was 22.44± 10.09 and group B was 36.88± 8.437 with p=0.000 that was p<0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that both Maitland thoracic spine manipulation and Maitland cervical spine mobilization techniques have similar effects in reducing cervical radiculopathy and increasing active range of motion. However, Maitland thoracic spine manipulation showed better results in neck pain reduction and improved functional status on the comparison.
Socioeconomic Burden Of Major Rheumatic Diseases In A Tertiary Care Facility
Authors: Sharif Muhammad , Sufyan Khan Muhammad , Khursheed Ahmed Tayyeba , Shah Somaya , Tahir Saira , Punshi Avinash
Published: July 2022

Rheumatic diseases can have serious socioeconomic implications in a developing country like Pakistan. With dwindling resources in the healthcare sector, decision makers are forced to prioritize treatment between patients. Objective: To assess the socio-economic burden of major rheumatic diseases in a tertiary care hospital. Methods:171 patients were enrolled in the study prospectively. Patients were selected through specially designed questionnaires. Diagnosis of the disease and patient’s socioeconomic status were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 38.65±13.20 years. A higher ratio of female patients (78.4 %) as compared to the male patients (21.6 %) was seen. The majority of the patients were not well educated as 79 % of the patients were below matric, 9 patients were graduated and only 2 patients were postgraduates. Most of patient fall in low socioeconomic background (30,924.8 ± 19,107.3). Out of all the rheumatic diseases, Rheumatoid Arthritis 96 (56.1 %)was the most commonly found autoimmune disease. Conclusion: Rheumatic disease outcomes in Pakistan are influenced significantly by socioeconomic status. A comprehensive treatment plan for rheumatic disease is needed, especially for those with low education levels and poor quality of life.
Awareness Level and Practices of Heart Healthy Diet of Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Islam Mujahid Ul , Ahmad Imtiaz , Jan Azam , Shahid Muhammad , Khan Bahauddin , Shakil Rafat , Ali Shah Noor , Ahmad Ali Faizan
Published: July 2022

Change in dietary habits with reduction in specific type of foods with heavy calories may help in prevention of many types of primary and secondary Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of death all over the world and mostly treated by Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). The recommended diet according to the guidelines, is high in fruits, vegetables and whole grains and is low in high fats and processed foods. The factors involved in consumption of low-quality diet mainly are lack of public awareness about the role of dietary style in development of CVD, lack of food due to low socioeconomic conditions, cultural and traditional differences of food preparation and availability of poor-quality food in markets Objectives: To assess the level of awareness amongst the patients of coronary artery bypass grafting in its worst form. Methods: The study was performed on 91 patients of CAD, admitted for CABG in tertiary care hospital. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted for a period of eight months. All patients admitted for revascularization for CAD were included. Details of patients co morbidities were collected and their socioeconomic status was confirmed from the medical record. They were scored on their general education, knowledge about heart healthy diet according to American Heart Association (AHA) dietary guidelines and their dietary practices were scored healthy or non-healthy based on their answers. Results: Among the patients, approximately, 75.82% were males, 96.7% had age above 49 years, half of the patients had some sort of awareness regarding heart healthy diet, 37% were following healthy diet, 50% were partially following and 4.4% were not following at all. Conclusion: The awareness of participants regarding heart healthy diet was over all poor and also their dietary practices were even worse and not in accordance to the medical recommendations. There is a need to increase awareness in heart patients regarding healthy diet choices so that their risk of disease progression can be reduced