bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of
cpxS
mutational resistome in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Tian Zhe-Xian , Wang Yi-Ping
Published: October 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
easily produces drug-resistant mutants. A large number of mutational resistome genes exist in the genome of
P. aeruginosa
. In this study, whole genome sequencing analysis of a multidrug-resistant
P. aeruginosa
strain isolated by
in vitro
antibiotic treatment showed a mutation in the
cpxS
gene. Random mutagenesis of
cpxS
was conducted and introduced into the PA14Δ
cpxS
strain. Numerous CpxS mutants, including 14 different single amino acid substitutions, were identified, which led to reduced antibiotic susceptibility. Moreover, some of them were also present in the published genomes of
P. aeruginosa
isolates. Around
cpxS
, a gene coding for a putative sensor kinase, the nearest gene coding for a response regulator is
cpxR
in the genome of
P. aeruginosa
. Deletion of
cpxR
restored antibiotic susceptibility in the above
cpxS
mutant strains. As an extension of our previous work, where the expression of the
mexAB-oprM
operon is directly activated by CpxR in
P. aeruginosa
, in this study, we showed that the expression of the
mexA
promoter was increased in the above
cpxS
mutant strains in a
cpxR
-dependent manner, and
mexA
is prerequisite for the reduced antibiotic susceptibility. Therefore, we propose that the putative sensor kinase CpxS, together with CpxR, comprises a two-component regulatory system regulating the expression of the
mexAB-oprM
operon in
P. aeruginosa
. Our work indicates that
cpxS
, as a novel member of mutational resistome, plays important roles on the development of multidrug resistance in
P. aeruginosa
.
circCBL and its host gene
CBL
collaboratively enhance the antiviral immunity and antibacterial immunity by targeting MITA in fish
Authors: Lv Xing , Zheng Weiwei , Geng Shang , Cui Yanqiu , Tao Yaqi , Xu Tianjun
Published: October 2023

circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in regulating various physiological and pathological processes, but their specific roles in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses require further investigation. In this study, the expression of circCBL was significantly increased in the
Sininiperca chuatsi rhabdovirus
(SCRV)-treated group and LPS-treated group of
Miichthys miiuy
, which may be related to the antiviral and antibacterial responses of teleost fish. The experimental results indicated that overexpression of circCBL can increase the production of antiviral genes and inflammatory factors, thereby promoting innate immunity against the invasion of SCRV and
Vibrio anguillarum
. Subsequent investigations have unveiled that circCBL plays a regulatory role in MITA through adsorbing miR-125a-1-3p, thereby facilitating the innate immune response. Remarkably, our findings suggested that the host gene
CBL
, which is associated with circCBL, also promotes the expression of MITA, consequently bolstering the antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. This discovery highlights the intricate interplay between circCBL and its host gene
CBL
, jointly governing the expression of MITA and ultimately amplifying the immune response against viral and bacterial infections. Overall, our research provides compelling experimental evidence corroborating the crucial regulatory functions of both circCBL and its host gene
CBL
in coordinating robust antiviral and antibacterial defense mechanisms.

IMPORTANCE

Increasing evidence indicates that circular RNAs exert crucial functions in regulating gene expression in mammals. However, the function of circRNAs in lower vertebrates still needs further exploration. Our research results demonstrated that circRNA, namely circCBL, is involved in modulating antiviral and antibacterial immune responses in lower vertebrates. In addition, our study also found that circCBL can serve as a competing endogenous RNA to facilitate MITA expression, thereby modulating MITA-mediated innate immunity. Further research has proved that the host gene
CBL
also promotes the expression of MITA, enhancing antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Our study not only elucidated the underlying biological mechanism of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in the innate immune response of lower vertebrates but also unveiled the synergistic antibacterial and antiviral mechanisms between circRNA and its host gene in lower vertebrates.
Herp regulates intracellular survival of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
H37Ra in macrophages by regulating reactive oxygen species-mediated autophagy
Authors: Son Sang-Hun , Lee Junghwan , Cho Soo-Na , Choi Ji-Ae , Kim Jaewhan , Nguyen Tam Doan , Lee Seong-Ahn , Son Doyi , Song Chang-Hwa
Published: October 2023

Novel treatment strategies for tuberculosis (TB), such as host-directed therapeutics, may offer therapeutic options for patients with drug-resistant TB. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis is one of the host defense mechanisms used to remove mycobacteria. It is reported that homocysteine-inducible ER protein with ubiquitin-like domain 1 (Herp) inhibits apoptosis by preventing the loss of ER Ca
2+
and mitochondrial potential during ER stress. However, the roles of Herp in ER stress and apoptosis during H37Ra infection are largely unknown. Here, we show that Herp is induced in H37Ra-infected macrophages through an activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)-dependent ER stress response. Suppressing Herp by genetic approaches decreased production of HRD1, conserved branch of mammalian ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery, and increased the production levels of ER stress-associated molecules such as p-IRE1ɑ and BiP after H37Ra infection. Suppressing Herp also increased both the NADPH oxidase 2 and inositol triphosphate receptor, which sequentially led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during H37Ra infection. Interestingly, the Herp depletion-mediated ROS increment led to autophagy induction, which led to decreased intracellular survival of mycobacteria in H37Ra-infected macrophages. The role of Herp was further confirmed by the fact that blocking this molecule
in vitro
and
in vivo
significantly reduced mycobacterial survival. These findings indicate that Herp mediates crosstalk between ER stress and ROS-mediated autophagy during H37Ra infection, suggesting the potential of Herp manipulation as a therapeutic strategy for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) infection.

IMPORTANCE

Several studies have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is important in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases; however, the precise function of ER stress regulation and the role of Herp as a regulator in Mtb H37Ra-induced ER stress remain elusive. Therefore, our study investigated ER stress and autophagy associated with Herp expression in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-infected macrophages to determine the role of Herp in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
Salivary microbiome profiles for different clinical phenotypes of pituitary adenomas by single-molecular long-read sequencing
Authors: Ji Xuefei , Li Pingping , Guo Qinglong , Guan Liao , Gao Peng , Wu Bingshan , Cheng Hongwei , Xiao Jin , Ye Lei
Published: October 2023

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common benign brain tumors. Although associations between the gastrointestinal microbiome and PA have been reported previously, studies on the distributions of salivary microbial species in PA patients and among their different clinical phenotypes are currently lacking. In this study, saliva samples from 42 patients and 20 healthy individuals were selected for third-generation sequencing. The PA group included four clinical phenotypes: adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting PA (
n
= 6), growth hormone-secreting PA (
n
= 9), prolactin-secreting PA (
n
= 18), and nonfunctioning PA (
n
= 9). All samples were sequenced, and the data were clustered and de-chimerized to obtain information regarding the abundance of operational taxonomic units. We found that the species distributions in the saliva of PA patients were more abundant than those of healthy individuals. A total of 82 genera were identified across all samples, of which 14 and 17 genera were more abundant in the saliva samples of patients with PA and healthy individuals, respectively. In the phenotypic functional prediction, the phenotypes of anaerobic and Gram-positive organisms were more commonly seen in patients with PA than in healthy individuals. The bioinformatics prediction indicated that multiple metabolic pathways were involved in the pathogenesis of PA. In conclusion, this study highlighted the associations of salivary microbiome profiles with PA, which may improve the existing understanding of the pathogenesis of PA and provide diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PA.

IMPORTANCE

The gut and salivary microbiomes have been widely reported to be significantly associated with a number of neurological disorders. The stability of the microbiome in the oral cavity makes it a potentially ideal sample that can be conveniently obtained for the investigation of microbiome-based pathogenesis in diseases. In the present study, we used a single-molecule long-read sequencing technique to study the distribution of the salivary microbiota in patients with pituitary adenoma (PA) and healthy individuals, as well as among four clinical phenotypes of PA. We found that the diversity of salivary microbes was more abundant in PA patients than in healthy individuals. We also observed some unique genera in different PA phenotypes. The bioinformatics-based functional predictions identified potential links between microbes and different clinical phenotypes of PA. This study improves the existing understanding of the pathogenesis of PA and may provide diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PA.
Prolonged survival of venereal
Tritrichomonas foetus
parasite in the gastrointestinal tract, bovine fecal extract, and water
Authors: Martínez Cristian I. , Iriarte Lucrecia S. , Salas Nehuen , Alonso Andrés M. , Pruzzo Cesar I. , dos Santos Melo Tuanne , Pereira-Neves Antonio , de Miguel Natalia , Coceres Veronica M.
Published: October 2023

Bovine tritrichomonosis is a venereal disease that causes economic losses around the world. Over the last 100 years, the life cycle of the protozoan
Tritrichomonas foetus
in bovines has only considered venereal transmission, almost exclusively through natural mating from an infected animal to a healthy animal. Here, we provide the first direct evidence that
T. foetus
can survive the passage through the gastrointestinal tract in bovines. We demonstrated that the parasite can be discharged by feces in orally infected animals and contaminate the cow’s reproductive tract. We showed that the parasite is capable of surviving at pH conditions usually found along the bovine gastrointestinal tract, and our findings suggest that the parasites could survive in bovine feces and water for several days, probably through the formation of resistant pseudocysts or cyst-like structures. Taken together, our results demonstrate that
T. foetus
is more resistant to adverse external conditions than previously considered, which could be relevant for the life cycle of this parasite in bovines.

IMPORTANCE

Nowadays, the routine herd diagnosis is usually performed exclusively on bulls, as they remain permanently infected, and prevention and control of
Tritrichomonas foetus
transmission are based on identifying infected animals and culling practices. The existence of other forms of transmission and the possible role of pseudocysts or cyst-like structures as resistant forms requires rethinking the current management and control of this parasitic disease in the future in some livestock regions of the world.
G-quadruplexes of KSHV oriLyt play important roles in promoting lytic DNA replication
Authors: Dabral Prerna , Uppal Timsy , Verma Subhash C.
Published: October 2023

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) utilizes distinct origins of DNA replication (origin of replications) during the latent and lytic phases of its life cycle. Lytic DNA replication requires the participation of cellular and viral proteins to initiate replication at a specific region in the KSHV genome, oriLyt. These regions contain multiple secondary structures and binding sites for viral and cellular proteins. We discovered the presence of G-quadruplex (G4) sites in the oriLyt region. G-quadruplexes are secondary structures in nucleic acid sequences that are considered regulators of multiple biological processes, such as transcription, translation, and replication initiation. Importantly, herpesviruses have a high density of putative quadruplex sequence or formation sites in their genome, including in the regulatory regions, which control replication and transcription. The binding of RecQ1 to the oriLyt region of KSHV and its ability to unwind the G4 structures led us to speculate that G-quadruplex sites play an important role in lytic DNA replication. In this study, we confirmed the formation of stable G-quadruplexes through biochemical and biophysical assays. We further demonstrated that RecQ1, a helicase, associates with the G-quadruplex forming sites of the oriLyt. The functional significance of G4 sites and RecQ1 was confirmed through the stabilization of G4 and depletion of RecQ1 levels through shRNA. Furthermore, the detection of replication initiation through single-molecule analysis of the replicated DNA demonstrated that G4 stabilization leads to subdued replication initiation at the oriLyt. This confirmed the role of the G-quadruplex in regulating viral DNA replication, which can be used to control virus growth.

IMPORTANCE

Biological processes originating from the DNA and RNA can be regulated by the secondary structures present in the stretch of nucleic acids, and the G-quadruplexes are shown to regulate transcription, translation, and replication. In this study, we identified the presence of multiple G-quadruplex sites in the region (oriLyt) of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) DNA, which is essential for DNA replication during the lytic cycle. We demonstrated the roles of these G-quadruplexes through multiple biochemical and biophysical assays in controlling replication and efficient virus production. We demonstrated that KSHV achieves this by recruiting RecQ1 (helicase) at those G-quadruplex sites for efficient viral DNA replication. Analysis of the replicated DNA through nucleoside labeling and immunostaining showed a reduced initiation of DNA replication in cells with a pharmacologic stabilizer of G-quadruplexes. Overall, this study confirmed the role of the G-quadruplex in regulating viral DNA replication, which can be exploited for controlling viral DNA replication.
Gravitational collapse of a volcano edifice as a trigger for explosive carbonatite eruption?
Authors: Rapprich Vladislav , Walter Benjamin F. , Kopačková-Strnadová Veronika , Kluge Tobias , Čejková Bohuslava , Pour Ondřej , Hora John M. , Kynický Jindřich , Magna Tomáš
Published: October 2023

The Miocene Kaiserstuhl volcanic complex in the Rhine graben rift is known for simultaneously exposing both intrusive and erupted (pyroclastic) calciocarbonatites. This makes Kaiserstuhl a promising candidate for studying the field and genetic relations between intrusive calciocarbonatite and its eruptive equivalent, and the processes enabling eruption of the calciocarbonatite at the surface in particular. Eruptive calciocarbonatites in Kaiserstuhl are represented by carbonatite tuff and lapillistone beds covering a debrite fan on the western flank of the volcano. The debrites are interpreted as lahar (debris flow) and possibly also debris-avalanche deposits. Based on the observed textures, the debris flows were most likely derived by water dilution from debris avalanches resulting from edifice failure, which occurred in the central part of the Kaiserstuhl volcanic complex. The edifice failure ultimately exposed the intrusive system, and the carbonatite pyroclasts (lapilli and ash) were ejected from narrow vents represented by open-framework tuff-breccias aligned along the detachment scarp. Since the Ca-carbonates break down rapidly at high temperatures and low pressures, calciocarbonatites are unlikely to form surface lavas. On the other hand, the presence of the calciocarbonatite pyroclastic deposits suggests that some geological process faster than the high-temperature breakdown of Ca-carbonate may facilitate calciocarbonatite eruption. We suggest that the sudden exposure and decompression of a suprasolidus high-level carbonatite intrusion by edifice collapse may be a suitable scenario enabling calciocarbonatite eruption. The absence of edifice failures on alkaline volcanoes, where carbonatite intrusion is either supposed or exposed, may explain the overall scarcity of erupted calciocarbonatites.
Supplemental Material: Origin of paired extension-compression during rotational rifting: An early Paleogene example from the northeast Atlantic Ocean and its implications
Authors: Wong Po Wan , al. et
Published: October 2023

Data source of the tectono-magmatic trends of the early Paleogene continental rift at the NE Atlantic region (prior to breakup at ca. 54 Ma).  
Ecosystem heating experiment reveals sex-specific growth responses in fish
Authors: van Dorst Renee M. , Gårdmark Anna , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Nurminen Leena , Estlander Satu , Huuskonen Hannu , Olin Mikko , Rask Martti , Huss Magnus
Published: October 2023

Size-specific body growth responses to warming are common among animal taxa, but sex-specific responses are poorly known. Here we ask if body growth responses to warming are sex-dependent, and if such sex-specific responses vary with size and age. This was tested with sex-specific data of back-calculated individual growth trajectories, in European perch ( Perca fluviatilis) from a long-term whole-ecosystem warming experiment (6.3 °C above the surrounding sea). Warming led to both size- and sex-specific differences in growth responses. Warming had a consistent positive effect on body growth of females, but negative effects on male growth at size > 10 cm and age > 2 years. These sex-specific growth responses translate to an increased degree of female-biased sexual size dimorphism (in length-at-age) with warming. Although the exact temperature-mediated effects underlying differential growth responses could not be resolved, results imply global warming may have highly different effects during ontogeny of male and female perch. Such effects should be considered in climate warming scenarios concerning fish growth, population size-structure, and dynamics of aquatic food webs that include fish exhibiting sexual size dimorphism.
Investigating the contribution of author- and publication-specific features to scholars’ h-index prediction
Authors: Momeni Fakhri , Mayr Philipp , Dietze Stefan
Published: October 2023

Evaluation of researchers’ output is vital for hiring committees and funding bodies, and it is usually measured via their scientific productivity, citations, or a combined metric such as the h-index. Assessing young researchers is more critical because it takes a while to get citations and increment of h-index. Hence, predicting the h-index can help to discover the researchers’ scientific impact. In addition, identifying the influential factors to predict the scientific impact is helpful for researchers and their organizations seeking solutions to improve it. This study investigates the effect of the author, paper/venue-specific features on the future h-index. For this purpose, we used a machine learning approach to predict the h-index and feature analysis techniques to advance the understanding of feature impact. Utilizing the bibliometric data in Scopus, we defined and extracted two main groups of features. The first relates to prior scientific impact, and we name it ‘prior impact-based features’ and includes the number of publications, received citations, and h-index. The second group is ‘non-prior impact-based features’ and contains the features related to author, co-authorship, paper, and venue characteristics. We explored their importance in predicting researchers’ h-index in three career phases. Also, we examined the temporal dimension of predicting performance for different feature categories to find out which features are more reliable for long- and short-term prediction. We referred to the gender of the authors to examine the role of this author’s characteristics in the prediction task. Our findings showed that gender has a very slight effect in predicting the h-index. Although the results demonstrate better performance for the models containing prior impact-based features for all researchers’ groups in the near future, we found that non-prior impact-based features are more robust predictors for younger scholars in the long term. Also, prior impact-based features lose their power to predict more than other features in the long term.
Information reconciliation of continuous-variables quantum key distribution: principles, implementations and applications
Authors: Yang Shenshen , Yan Zhilei , Yang Hongzhao , Lu Qing , Lu Zhenguo , Cheng Liuyong , Miao Xiangyang , Li Yongmin
Published: October 2023

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide information-theoretically secure keys for two parties of legitimate communication, and information reconciliation, as an indispensable component of QKD systems, can correct errors present in raw keys based on error-correcting codes. In this paper, we first describe the basic knowledge of information reconciliation and its impact on continuous variable QKD. Then we introduce the information schemes and the corresponding error correction codes employed. Next, we introduce the rate-compatible codes, the hardware acceleration of the reconciliation algorithm, the research progress of information reconciliation, and its application in continuous variable QKD. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and conclude.
THE EFFECT OF BATH TEMPERATURE ON THE STRUCTURE AND TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ELECTROLESS NI-B–MO COATINGS OBTAINED FROM STABILIZER-FREE BATH
Authors: AGRAWAL ROHIT , MUKHOPADHYAY ARKADEB
Published: October 2023

Conventional electroless Ni–B–Mo (ENB–Mo) deposits are formed using hazardous lead or thallium-containing solutions, which must be removed. In this study, ENB–Mo deposits were developed in a bath free of stabilizers and harmful heavy metals. This study estimates the effect of variation of coating bath temperature on tribological performance of ENB–Mo coating developed over AISI 1040 steel. The chosen bath temperatures were [Formula: see text]C, [Formula: see text]C, and [Formula: see text]C to achieve ENB–Mo coating with varying B and Mo content. The 12–15 [Formula: see text]m thick coating was uniform. In comparison to steel substrate, all of the coatings show enhanced corrosion resistance. In the as-deposited state, coatings were mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline with peak of Fe overlapping with Ni. Moreover, TGA results revealed that inclusion of molybdenum enhanced coatings thermal stability. The worn specimens at [Formula: see text]C reveal development of shielding tribo-oxide coatings and existence of microstructural changes. At high working temperatures ([Formula: see text]C), wear debris also has a major impact on tribological mechanisms of coatings. Correlation between microstructure, tribological behavior, and corrosion resistance have also been conducted for ENB–Mo coatings.
Parrondo-Like Behavior in Continuous-Time Random Walks with Periodically Alternating Jumps
Authors: Lee Jiyeon
Published: October 2023

As a natural generalization of the discrete-time random walk, the continuous-time random walk (CTRW) has been applied to stochastic models with random dynamics in various fields. In this paper, we show that the deterministic alternation of two unbiased CTRWs can lead to a phenomenon similar to the Parrondo paradox, in which the asymptotic mean drift of the combined CTRW becomes positive or negative depending on the parameter values. This extends the case in which the paradox occurs due to the random combination of two CTRWs with memory shown by Montero [Phys. Rev. E 84 (2011) 051139].
Stochastic dynamics and data science
Authors: Gao Ting , Duan Jinqiao
Published: October 2023

Recent advances in data science are opening up new research fields and broadening the range of applications of stochastic dynamical systems. Considering the complexities in real-world systems (e.g., noisy data sets and high dimensionality) and challenges in mathematical foundation of machine learning, this review presents two perspectives in the interaction between stochastic dynamical systems and data science.

On the one hand, deep learning helps to improve first principle-based methods for stochastic dynamical systems. AI for science, combining machine learning methods with available scientific understanding, is becoming a valuable approach to study stochastic dynamical systems with the help of observation data. On the other hand, a challenge is the theoretical explanations for deep learning. It is crucial to build explainable deep learning structures with the help of stochastic dynamical systems theory in order to demonstrate how and why deep learning works.

In this review, we seek better understanding of the mathematical foundation of the state-of-the-art techniques in data science, with the help of stochastic dynamical systems, and we further apply machine learning tools for studying stochastic dynamical systems. This is achieved through stochastic analysis, algorithm development, and computational implementation. Topics involved with this review include Stochastic Analysis, Dynamical Systems, Inverse Problems, Data Assimilation, Numerical Analysis, Optimization, Nonparametric Statistics, Uncertainty Quantification, Deep Learning, and Deep Reinforcement Learning. Moreover, we emphasize available analytical tools for non-Gaussian fluctuations in scientific and engineering modeling.
The most likely transition path for a class of distribution-dependent stochastic systems
Authors: Wei Wei , Hu Jianyu
Published: October 2023

Distribution-dependent stochastic dynamical systems arise widely in engineering and science. We consider a class of such systems which model the limit behaviors of interacting particles moving in a vector field with random fluctuations. We aim to examine the most likely transition path between equilibrium stable states of the vector field. In the small noise regime, the action functional does not involve the solution of the skeleton equation which describes the unperturbed deterministic flow of the vector field shifted by the interaction at zero distance. As a result, we are led to study the most likely transition path for a stochastic differential equation without distribution dependency. This enables the computation of the most likely transition path for these distribution-dependent stochastic dynamical systems by the adaptive minimum action method and we illustrate our approach in two examples.
Identifying stochastic governing equations from data of the most probable transition trajectories
Authors: Ren Jian , Chen Xiaoli
Published: October 2023

Extracting the governing stochastic differential equation model from elusive data is crucial to understand and forecast dynamics for various systems. We devise a method to extract the drift term and estimate the diffusion coefficient of a governing stochastic dynamical system, from its time-series data for the most probable transition trajectory. By the Onsager–Machlup theory, the most probable transition trajectory satisfies the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equation, which is a second-order deterministic ordinary differential equation (ODE) involving the drift term and diffusion coefficient. We first estimate the coefficients of the Euler–Lagrange equation based on the data of the most probable trajectory, and then calculate the drift and diffusion coefficient of the governing system. These two steps involve sparse regression and optimization for a loss function with parameters. We select the estimators from all the results with different parameters by comparing the errors caused by the difference between the two sides of the second-order ODE for the most probable transition trajectory. We finally illustrate our method, especially for parameter selection, with examples to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.
A class of t-weight codes and its applications
Authors: Prabu J. , Mahalakshmi J. , Santhakumar S.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we constructed a class of [Formula: see text]-weight linear codes over [Formula: see text] under the homogeneous weight metric by their generator matrices, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] The Gray images of some class of these codes over [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-ary nonlinear codes, which have the same weight distributions as that of the two-weight [Formula: see text]-ary linear codes of type SU1 in the sense of [R. Calderbank and W. M. Kantor, The geometry of two-weight codes, Bull. London Math. Soc. 18(2) (1986) 97–122]. Also, we obtained the minimum distance of the dual codes of the constructed codes. Further, we discussed some optimal linear codes over [Formula: see text] with respect to Plotkin-type bound from the constructed codes when [Formula: see text] Furthermore, we investigated the applications in strongly regular graphs and secret sharing schemes.
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CORE–PERIPHERY COMMUNITIES
Authors: SU JUNWEI , MARBACH PETER
Published: October 2023

Empirical studies have consistently demonstrated the presence of a core–periphery structure within social network communities. Nevertheless, a formal model and comprehensive analysis to fully understand the structural characteristics of these communities are still lacking. This paper seeks to characterize these properties, focusing on agents’ interconnections and their allocation of rates. Employing a game-theoretic approach, our analysis unveils several novel insights. First, we show that periphery agents not only follow core agents but also other periphery agents who share similar primary interests. Second, our results illuminate the emergence of core–periphery communities, revealing the conditions under which they form, and how they form.
Impact of projective curvature tensor in f(R,G), f(R,T) and f(R,Lm)-gravity
Authors: Suh Young Jin , De Krishnendu , De Uday Chand
Published: October 2023

This paper concerns with the characterization of a spacetime and modified gravity such as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-gravity equipped with the projective curvature tensor. We establish that a projectively flat perfect fluid spacetime represents dark energy era. Also, we prove that a projectively flat perfect fluid spacetime is either locally isometric to Minkowski spacetime or a de-Sitter spacetime. Furthermore, it is shown that a perfect fluid spacetime admitting harmonic projective curvature tensor becomes a generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime and is of Petrov type [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Lastly, we investigate the effect of projectively flat perfect fluid spacetime solutions in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-gravity, respectively. We also investigate the spacetime as a [Formula: see text]-gravity solution and use the flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric to establish a relation among jerk, snap, and deceleration parameters. Numerous energy conditions are studied in terms of Ricci scalar with the model [Formula: see text]. For this model, the strong energy condition is violated but the weak, dominant and null energy conditions are fulfilled, which is in excellent accordance with current observational investigations that show the universe is now accelerating.
Bianchi Type-V space time with Tsallis holographic dark energy
Authors: Narasimharao A. , Neelima D.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, using the framework of Saez–Ballester theory, Bianchi Type-V metric Tsallis holographic dark energy models with interacting and non-interacting elements have been constructed. To obtain solutions for the model, we used correlation between metric potentials and varying deceleration parameters. There is additional discussion of the models’ physical characteristics and behavior.
A Comprehensive Study of Picture Fuzzy Planar Graphs with Real-World Applications
Authors: Bera Biswajit , Amanathulla Sk , Mahato Sanat Kumar
Published: October 2023

Picture fuzzy planar graph is a generalization of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy planar graph. There are some real-life problems which cannot be handled by a fuzzy planar graph but such types of problems can efficiently be handled by a picture fuzzy planar graph. Motivated by this point of view, we consider the picture fuzzy planar graph in our research study. In this paper, we introduce picture fuzzy planar graphs, picture fuzzy dual graphs and their important properties. Also, we introduce a new concept of planarity value which satisfies the picture fuzzy criteria. An algorithm for testing the planarity of a picture fuzzy graph is also designed. Also, we provide a flowchart of the corresponding algorithm. Besides this, we propose an application for ranking the essentiality of flyover or underpass in street junctions and select the most essential street junctions where flyover or underpass is needed in a smart city.
Carbon nano-onion as next-generation functional nanomaterial: Synthesis methods and practical applications
Authors: Xin Yunzi
Published: October 2023

Carbon nano-onion (CNO) (also known as onion-like carbon, OLC), exhibiting multiple enclosed fullerene shell structures, as one of the most promising nanoforms, has attracted worldwide attention during the past decades due to its exceptional chemical and physical properties such as non-toxicity, high chemical stability, large sufficient surface area with low density, and superior high electronic and thermal conductivities, visible photoluminescence, etc. Nowadays, functional CNOs have been applied in energy storage devices, supercapacitors, photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes and bio-imaging technology. Since the first observation of CNOs by transmission electron microscopy as a byproduct in the synthesis of carbon black in 1980, numerous experimental and theoretical studies including expressive practical applications of CNOs have been intensively developed in modern chemistry. With respect to synthetic techniques, the high-temperature annealing of nano diamond, detonation of high explosive molecules, arc discharge of graphite, chemical vapor deposition, laser ablation, thermal pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and microwave pyrolysis have been reported. It has been addressed that the synthesis approach plays a key role in determining the structure of CNOs and resultant properties. This paper reviewed the developments of CNOs through major synthesis methods utilized for a selected wide spectrum of applications, by covering both the past and current progress. The contents outlined in the current review will offer readers comprehensive insights into the design and development of CNO materials.
Multimodal Dialog Systems with Dual Knowledge-enhanced Generative Pretrained Language Model
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Song Xuemeng , Jing Liqiang , Li Shuo , Hu Linmei , Nie Liqiang
Published: October 2023

Text response generation for multimodal task-oriented dialog systems, which aims to generate the proper text response given the multimodal context, is an essential yet challenging task. Although existing efforts have achieved compelling success, they still suffer from two pivotal limitations: (1) 
overlook the benefit of generative pretraining
and (2)
ignore the textual context-related knowledge
. To address these limitations, we propose a novel dual knowledge-enhanced generative pretrained language mode for multimodal task-oriented dialog systems (DKMD), consisting of three key components:
dual knowledge selection
,
dual knowledge-enhanced context learning
, and
knowledge-enhanced response generation
. To be specific, the dual knowledge selection component aims to select the related knowledge according to both textual and visual modalities of the given context. Thereafter, the dual knowledge-enhanced context learning component targets seamlessly, integrating the selected knowledge into the multimodal context learning from both global and local perspectives, where the cross-modal semantic relation is also explored. Moreover, the knowledge-enhanced response generation component comprises a revised BART decoder, where an additional dot-product knowledge-decoder attention sub-layer is introduced for explicitly utilizing the knowledge to advance the text response generation. Extensive experiments on a public dataset verify the superiority of the proposed DKMD over state-of-the-art competitors.
Toward a Better Understanding of Randomized Greedy Matching
Authors: Tang Zhihao Gavin , Wu Xiaowei , Zhang Yuhao
Published: October 2023

There has been a long history of studying randomized greedy matching algorithms since the work by Dyer and Frieze [9]. We follow this trend and consider the problem formulated in the oblivious setting, in which the vertex set of a graph is known to the algorithm but not the edge set. The algorithm can make queries for the existence of the edge between any pair of vertices but must include the edge into the matching if it exists, i.e., as in the query-commit model by Gamlath et al. [12]. We revisit theModified Randomized Greedy (MRG)algorithm by Aronson et al. [1] that is proved to achieve a (0.5+ε)-approximation. In each step of the algorithm, an unmatched vertex is chosen uniformly at random and matched to a randomly chosen neighbor (if exists). We study a weaker version of the algorithm namedRandom Decision Order (RDO)that, in each step, randomly picks an unmatched vertex and matches it to an arbitrary neighbor (if exists). We prove that theRDOalgorithm provides a 0.639-approximation for bipartite graphs and 0.531-approximation for general graphs. As a corollary, we substantially improve the approximation ratio ofMRG.

Furthermore, we generalize theRDOalgorithm to the edge-weighted case and prove that it achieves a 0.501-approximation ratio. This result solves the open question by Chan et al. [4] and Gamlath et al. [12] about the existence of an algorithm that beats greedy in edge-weighted general graphs, where the greedy algorithm probes the edges in descending order of edge-weights. We also present a variant of the algorithm that achieves a (1-1/e)-approximation for edge-weighted bipartite graphs, which generalizes the (1-1/e)-approximation ratio of Gamlath et al. [12] for the stochastic setting to the case when the realizations of edges are arbitrarily correlated, where in the stochastic setting, there is a known probability associated with each pair of vertices that indicates the probability that an edge exists between the two vertices, when the pair is probed.
Heterogeneous Integration Supply Chain Integrity Through Blockchain and CHSM
Authors: Calzada Paul E. , Sami Md. Sami Ul Islam , Azar Kimia Zamiri , Rahman Fahim , Farahmandi Farimah , Tehranipoor Mark
Published: October 2023

Over the past few decades, electronics have become commonplace in government, commercial, and social domains. These devices have developed rapidly, as seen in the prevalent use of system-on-chips rather than separate integrated circuits on a single circuit board. As the semiconductor community begins conversations over the end of Moore’s law, an approach to further increase both functionality per area and yield using segregated functionality dies on a common interposer die, labeled a System in Package (SiP), is gaining attention. Thus, the chiplet and SiP space has grown to meet this demand, creating a new packaging paradigm, advanced packaging, and a new supply chain. This new distributed supply chain with multiple chiplet developers and foundries has augmented counterfeit vulnerabilities. Chiplets are currently available on an open market, and their origin and authenticity consequently are difficult to ascertain. With this lack of control over the stages of the supply chain, counterfeit threats manifest at the chiplet, interposer, and SiP levels. In this article, we identify counterfeit threats in the SiP domain, and we propose a mitigating framework utilizing blockchain for the effective traceability of SiPs to establish provenance. Our framework utilizes the Chiplet Hardware Security Module to authenticate a SiP throughout its life. To accomplish this, we leverage SiP information including electronic chip identification of chiplets, combating die and IC recycling sensor information, documentation, test patterns and/or electrical measurements, grade, and part number of the SiP. We detail the structure of the blockchain and establish protocols for both enrolling trusted information into the blockchain network and authenticating the SiP. Our framework mitigates SiP counterfeit threats including recycled, remarked, cloned, overproduced interposer, forged documentation, and substituted chiplet while detecting of out-of-spec and defective SiPs.
Defect Categorization in Compilers: A Multi-vocal Literature Review
Authors: Rahman Akond , Bose Dibyendu Brinto , Barsha Farhat Lamia , Pandita Rahul
Published: October 2023

Context:
Compilers are the fundamental tools for software development. Thus, compiler defects can disrupt development productivity and propagate errors into developer-written software source code. Categorizing defects in compilers can inform practitioners and researchers about the existing defects in compilers and techniques that can be used to identify defects systematically.

Objective:
The goal of this paper is to help researchers understand the nature of defects in compilers by conducting a review of Internet artifacts and peer-reviewed publications that study defect characteristics of compilers.

Methodology:
We conduct a multi-vocal literature review (MLR) with 26 publications and 32 Internet artifacts to characterize compiler defects.

Results:
From our MLR, we identify 13 categories of defects, amongst which optimization defects have been the most reported defects in our artifacts publications. We observed 15 defect identification techniques tailored for compilers and no single technique identifying all observed defect categories.

Conclusion:
Our MLR lays the groundwork for practitioners and researchers to identify defects in compilers systematically.
Tragedy of the Commons in Crowd Work-Based Research
Authors: Xia Huichuan
Published: October 2023

Academic scholars have leveraged crowd work platforms such as MTurk to conduct research and collect data, but the data quality crisis in crowd work has been an alarming phenomenon recently. Though prior studies have discussed data quality and validity issues in crowd work via surveys and experiments, they kind of neglected to explore the scholars’ and particularly the IRB's ethical concerns and the related policies in various ethical guidelines for crowd work-based research in these respects. In this study, we interviewed 17 scholars from six disciplines and 15 IRB directors and analysts in the U.S. and analyzed 28 research guidance documents to fill these gaps. We identified common themes among our interviewees and documents but also discovered distinctive and even opposing views regarding the approval rate, rejection, and internal/external research validity. Based on the findings, we discussed a potential Tragedy of the Commons regarding data quality deterioration and the disciplinary differences regarding validity in crowd work-based research. We further explored the origin of the data quality and validity issues in crowd work-based research. We advocated the IRB's ethical concerns in crowd work-based research be heard and respected further and be reflected in the ethical guidance for crowd work-based research. Finally, we proposed our research implications, limits, and future work.
Combining Chamber Experiments and Model Simulations to Evaluate an Indoor HONO Source with Surface Photochemical Properties
Authors: Wang Youfeng , Zhang Chong , Wang Jianshu , Wang Yaru , Zhang Yingjie , Lin Weili , Ye Chunxiang
Published: October 2023

Nitrous acid (HONO) is an emerging indoor pollutant that can exert adverse health effects. The chemical production of indoor HONO has been attributed to NO2 heterogeneous reactions, and the source strength has been extensively evaluated via laboratory and model simulation studies. Photolysis of surface nitrate has recently been proposed as an indoor HONO source based on correlation analysis between indoor HONO accumulation and visible light radiation. However, neither experimental validation of the proposed mechanism nor source strength characterization is currently available. In this work, we designed an outdoor photochemical chamber (OPC) to simulate indoor HONO accumulation and established an indoor photochemical model (ICM) to calculate the indoor HONO budget. Indoor HONO accumulation revealed a distinct diel variation with a daytime maximum. Only with this indoor HONO source, the ICM reproduced the indoor HONO budget determined in the OPC. The enhanced reactive cross section of surface nitrate in visible light accounted for the major portion of the HONO source budget (77.2%) and the distinct diel variation. Success with the ICM encouraged us to simulate the HONO budget in real indoor environments. The calculated HONO production rates from surface nitrate photolysis at noon ranged from 1.4 to 4.1 ppbv h-1 under different indoor scenarios. On a daily average, this indoor HONO source contributed 42.4–52.7% to the total chemical sources in the living room but only contributed 4.7% to that in the kitchen, where NO2 heterogeneous reactions dominated.
Length-Weight Relationships and Relative Condition Factor of 53 Species of Shallow-Water Fish in the Colombian Caribbean Sea
Authors: Rodriguez Alfredo , Mendoza Katherine , Paramo Jorge
Published: October 2023

Length-weight relationships (LWR) were described for 53 species of shallow-water fish caught with bottom trawls in a depth range between 7.3 and 108.1 m during September 2013 in the Colombian Caribbean Sea (fishing area 31 of the FAO). A linear regression was performed using the logarithmically transformed data to calculate a and b coefficients and their 95% confidence interval of the LWR for 53 fish species corresponding to 28 families and 44 genera. Six fish species showed a maximum total length greater than that reported in FishBase: Astrapogon alutus (102.00 mm), Eucinostomus harengulus (162.00 mm), Haemulopsis corvinaeformis (293.00 mm), Cyclopsetta chittendeni (390.00 mm), Etropus crossotus (224.00 mm), and Bairdiella ronchus (415.00 mm). A total of 24 species (45.3%) exhibited isometric growth, 21 species (39.6%) negative allometric, and 8 species (15.1%) positive allometric. This study shows the first estimates of LWR for 25 species of shallow-water fish in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. We found interdependence of growth parameters as a function of fish body shape. The analysis of the relative condition factor indicated that 21 fish species (39.6%) showed poor growth conditions. The results obtained from this study contribute to fill information gaps on shallow-water fish populations and also help fisheries scientists in future population assessment studies in the Colombian Caribbean Sea.