bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realization of Competence Approach at Teaching Foreign Languages for Vocational Purposes to Master’s Degree Students
Authors: Злобина Е. , Zlobina E.
Published: October 2018

The article under review is devoted to the problem of teaching foreign languages to master’s students, connected with transition to multilevel system of higher vocational training. The purpose of the given article is to study the process of master’s students while teaching them the subject «Foreign language in the professional sphere» on the basis of ideas of competency-based approach. Defi nitions of key concepts of competency-based approach are given in the article: competency (skill) and the competence. Specifi city of foreign languages teaching master’s degree students is revealed. Possibilities how to change content of the subject «Foreign language in the professional sphere» according to the formed competences are presented. Results of questionnaire of master’s degree students, trained on engineering programs (non-linguistic programs) before carrying out of the experiment and after it are resulted.
Methods and algorithms of synthesis and analysis of design and technological solutions in the computer-aided design of engineering structures
Authors: Якубов Сабир , Yakubov S.
Published: October 2018

The monograph presents the results of scientific research on the optimization of engineering structures, assuming the formalization and algorithmization of design and technological solutions in the computer-aided design (CAD). The process of designing optimal engineering structures is considered as a feedback control process. Improvement of methods and means of automation for solving optimization problems, as well as problems of calculation and design of engineering structures led to the synthesis of these methods and the creation of a wide class of objects based on CAD.
The monograph is intended for scientists, researchers, doctoral students, undergraduates and students.
Notariate
Authors: Миронов Анатолий , Mironov Anatoliy
Published: October 2018

The manual on the basis of the current legislation and other regulatory legal acts regulating the activities of the notary, sets out the history of the notary, the concept, objectives, principles of notarial activities, the organization of the notary, the status of notaries and other persons entitled to perform notarial activities, types of notarial activities, the order of their Commission, financial support for the activities of the notary, as well as control over the notary and notarial activities.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation.
For students of secondary vocational schools, students majoring in "law", as well as readers interested in the functioning of the notary
Intraoperative placement of total hip arthroplasty components with robotic-arm assisted technology correlates with postoperative implant position
Authors: Nodzo S. R. , Chang C-C. , Carroll K. M. , Barlow B. T. , Banks S. A. , Padgett D. E. , Mayman D. J. , Jerabek S. A.
Published: October 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of implant placement when using robotic assistance during total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Patients and Methods

A total of 20 patients underwent a planned THA using preoperative CT scans and robotic-assisted software. There were nine men and 11 women (n = 20 hips) with a mean age of 60.8 years (sd 6.0). Pelvic and femoral bone models were constructed by segmenting both preoperative and postoperative CT scan images. The preoperative anatomical landmarks using the robotic-assisted system were matched to the postoperative 3D reconstructions of the pelvis. Acetabular and femoral component positions as measured intraoperatively and postoperatively were evaluated and compared.

Results

The system reported accurate values for reconstruction of the hip when compared to those measured postoperatively using CT. The mean deviation from the executed overall hip length and offset were 1.6 mm (sd 2.9) and 0.5 mm (sd 3.0), respectively. Mean combined anteversion was similar and correlated between intraoperative measurements and postoperative CT measurements (32.5°, sd 5.9° versus 32.2°, sd 6.4°; respectively; R2= 0.65; p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between mean intraoperative (40.4°, sd 2.1°) acetabular component inclination and mean measured postoperative inclination (40.12°, sd 3.0°, R2= 0.62; p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between mean intraoperative version (23.2°, sd 2.3°), and postoperatively measured version (23.0°, sd 2.4°; R2= 0.76; p < 0.001). Preoperative and postoperative femoral component anteversion were significantly correlated with one another (R2= 0.64; p < 0.001). Three patients had CT scan measurements that differed substantially from the intraoperative robotic measurements when evaluating stem anteversion.

Conclusion

This is the first study to evaluate the success of hip reconstruction overall using robotic-assisted THA. The overall hip reconstruction obtained in the operating theatre using robotic assistance accurately correlated with the postoperative component position assessed independently using CT based 3D modelling. Clinical correlation during surgery should continue to be practiced and compared with observed intraoperative robotic values. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1303–9.
A systematic review of meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery between 2000 and 2016
Authors: Manta A. , Opingari E. , Saleh A. H. , Simunovic N. , Duong A. , Sprague S. , Peterson D. , Bhandari M.
Published: October 2018

Aims

The aims of this systematic review were to describe the quantity and methodological quality of meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery published during the last 17 years.

Materials and Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed, between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016, were searched for meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery dealing with at least one surgical intervention. Meta-analyses were included if the interventions involved a human muscle, ligament, bone or joint.

Results

A total of 392 meta-analyses met eligibility criteria, for which the mean AMSTAR quality score was 7.1/11. There was a positive correlation between the year of publication and the quality of the meta-analysis (r = 0.238, p < 0.001). Between 2000 and 2011, the mean AMSTAR score corresponded to that of a medium quality review. However, between 2012 and 2016, the mean scores have been consistently equivalent to those of a high-quality review. The number of meta-analyses published increased 10-fold between 2005 and 2014.

Conclusion

The quantity and quality of meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery which have been published has increased, reaching a plateau in 2012. Methodological flaws remain to be addressed in future meta-analyses in order to continue increasing the quality of the orthopaedic literature. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1270–4.
What preoperative factors predict postoperative sitting pelvic position one year following total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Berliner J. L. , Esposito C. I. , Miller T. T. , Padgett D. E. , Mayman D. J. , Jerabek S. A.
Published: October 2018

Aims

The aims of this study were to measure sagittal standing and sitting lumbar-pelvic-femoral alignment in patients before and following total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to consider what preoperative factors may influence a change in postoperative pelvic position.

Patients and Methods

A total of 161 patients were considered for inclusion. Patients had a mean age of the remaining 61 years (sd 11) with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m2 (sd 6). Of the 161 patients, 82 were male (51%). We excluded 17 patients (11%) with spinal conditions known to affect lumbar mobility as well as the rotational axis of the spine. Standing and sitting spine-to-lower-limb radiographs were taken of the remaining 144 patients before and one year following THA. Spinopelvic alignment measurements, including sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, and pelvic incidence, were measured. These angles were used to calculate lumbar spine flexion and femoroacetabular hip flexion from a standing to sitting position. A radiographic scoring system was used to identify those patients in the series who had lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) and compare spinopelvic parameters between those patients with DDD (n = 38) and those who did not (n = 106).

Results

Following THA, patients sat with more anterior pelvic tilt (mean increased sacral slope 18° preoperatively versus 23° postoperatively; p = 0.001) and more lumbar lordosis (mean 28° preoperatively versus 35° postoperatively; p = 0.001). Preoperative change in sacral slope from standing to sitting (p = 0.03) and the absence of DDD (p = 0.001) correlated to an increased change in postoperative sitting pelvic alignment.

Conclusion

Sitting lumbar-pelvic-femoral alignment following THA may be driven by hip arthritis and/or spinal deformity. Patients with DDD and fixed spinopelvic alignment have a predictable pelvic position one year following THA. Patients with normal spines have less predictable postoperative pelvic position, which is likely to be driven by hip stiffness. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1289–96.
The role of lumbar lordosis and pelvic sagittal balance in femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Fader R. R. , Tao M. A. , Gaudiani M. A. , Turk R. , Nwachukwu B. U. , Esposito C. I. , Ranawat A. S.
Published: October 2018

Aims

The purpose of this study was to evaluate spinopelvic mechanics from standing and sitting positions in subjects with and without femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). We hypothesize that FAI patients will experience less flexion at the lumbar spine and more flexion at the hip whilst changing from standing to sitting positions than subjects without FAI. This increase in hip flexion may contribute to symptomatology in FAI.

Patients and Methods

Male subjects were prospectively enrolled to the study (n = 20). Mean age was 31 years old (22 to 41). All underwent clinical examination, plain radiographs, and dynamic imaging using EOS. Subjects were categorized into three groups: non-FAI (no radiographic or clinical FAI or pain), asymptomatic FAI (radiographic and clinical FAI but no pain), and symptomatic FAI (patients with both pain and radiographic FAI). FAI was defined as internal rotation less than 15° and alpha angle greater than 60°. Subjects underwent standing and sitting radiographs in order to measure spine and femoroacetabular flexion.

Results

Compared with non-FAI controls, symptomatic patients with FAI had less flexion at the spine (mean 22°, sd 12°, vs mean 35°, sd 8°; p = 0.04) and more at the hip (mean 72°, sd 6°, vs mean 62°, sd 8°; p = 0.047). Subjects with asymptomatic FAI had more spine flexion and similar hip flexion when compared to symptomatic FAI patients. Both FAI groups also sat with more anterior pelvic tilt than control patients. There were no differences in standing alignment among groups.

Conclusion

Symptomatic patients with FAI require more flexion at the hip to achieve sitting position due to their inability to compensate through the lumbar spine. With limited spine flexion, FAI patients sit with more anterior pelvic tilt, which may lead to impingement between the acetabulum and proximal femur. Differences in spinopelvic mechanics between FAI and non-FAI patients may contribute to the progression of FAI symptoms. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1275–9.
Pelvic positioning in the supine position leads to more consistent orientation of the acetabular component after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Grammatopoulos G. , Gofton W. , Cochran M. , Dobransky J. , Carli A. , Abdelbary H. , Gill H. S. , Beaulé P. E.
Published: October 2018

Aims

This study aims to: determine the difference in pelvic position that occurs between surgery and radiographic, supine, postoperative assessment; examine how the difference in pelvic position influences subsequent component orientation; and establish whether differences in pelvic position, and thereafter component orientation, exist between total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed in the supine versus the lateral decubitus positions.

Patients and Methods

The intra- and postoperative anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 321 THAs were included; 167 were performed with the patient supine using the anterior approach and 154 were performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus using the posterior approach. The inclination and anteversion of the acetabular component was measured and the difference (Δ) between the intra- and postoperative radiographs was determined. The target zone was inclination/anteversion of 40°/20° (± 10°). Changes in the tilt, rotation, and obliquity of the pelvis on the intra- and postoperative radiographs were calculated from Δinclination/anteversion using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm.

Results

The mean postoperative inclination/anteversion was 40° (± 8°)/23° (± 9°) with Δinclination and/or Δanteversion > ± 10° in 74 (21%). Intraoperatively, the pelvis was anteriorly tilted by a mean of 4° (± 10°), internally rotated by a mean of 1° (± 10°) and adducted by a mean of 1° (± 5°). Having Δinclination and/or Δanteversion > ± 10° was associated with a 3.5 odds ratio of having the acetabular component outside the target zone. A greater proportion of THAs that were undertaken with the patient in the lateral decubitus position had Δinclination and/or Δanteversion > ± 10° (35.3%, 54/153) compared with those in the supine position (4.8%, 8/167; p < 0.001). A greater number of acetabular components were within the target zone in THAs undertaken with the patient in the supine position (72%, 120/167), compared with those in the lateral decubitus position (44%, 67/153; p < 0.001). Intraoperatively, the pelvis was more anteriorly tilted (p < 0.001) and more internally rotated (p = 0.04) when the patient was in the lateral decubitus position.

Conclusion

The pelvic position is more reliable when the patient is in the supine position, leading to more consistent orientation of the acetabular component. Significant differences in pelvic tilt and rotation are seen with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1280–8.
Trends in the surgical treatment of pathological fractures of the long bones
Authors: Willeumier J. J. , van de Sande M. A. J. , van der Wal R. J. P. , Dijkstra P. D. S.
Published: October 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess the current trends in the estimation of survival and the preferred forms of treatment of pathological fractures among national and international general and oncological orthopaedic surgeons, and to explore whether improvements in the management of these patients could be identified in this way.

Materials and Methods

All members of the Dutch Orthopaedic Society (DOS) and the European Musculoskeletal Oncology Society (EMSOS) were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire containing 12 cases.

Results

A total of 96 of 948 members of the DOS (10.1%; groups 1 and 2) and 33 of 182 members of the EMSOS (18%; group 3) replied. The estimation of survival was accurate by more than 50% of all three groups, if the expected survival was short (< 3 months) or long (> 12 months). General orthopaedic surgeons preferred using an intramedullary nail for fractures of the humerus and femur, irrespective of the expected survival or the origin of primary tumour or the location of the fracture. Oncological orthopaedic surgeons recommended prosthetic reconstruction in patients with a long expected survival.

Conclusion

Identifying patients who require centralized care, as opposed to those who can be adequately treated in a regional centre, can improve the management of patients with pathological fractures. This differentiation should be based on the expected survival, the type and extent of the tumour, and the location of the fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1392–8.
Az elsõ világháború veszteségei egy dél-franciaországi faluban
Authors: Floutier Jérémy
Published: October 2018

In connection with the Centenary of the Great War’s end, the current article deals with its consequences on a small French village, Saint Christol les Alès. Based on the war losses, the two main points covered by this short study are the faith of the soldiers during the war and the social consequences on local life. The study tries to show the impact of the war on a limited scale, despite the fact that
the village was far beyond the front line. Perhaps at first sight these losses do not seem to have a significant impact on the demographic characteristics of the village, nevertheless this paper aims to analyse the aftermath in detail to avoid superficial conclusions. Furthermore the development is based on a broad dataset and sources all along the research, which provide information about the situation of the French army and its organization. With the help of these data the paper tries to give a precise analysis about the soldiers who passed away during the conflict. This short
study emphasizes how ubiquitous the consequences of the Great War are all over Europe.
A nemzeti bizottságok Makón az 1956-os forradalom idején
Authors: Marosvári Attila
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the circumstances of the formation and short existence of the town and district national committees, and the main measures taken by them in Makó, in the days of the 1956 revolution. These committees were formed on the basis of a popular front union, to replace the party-ruled council organizations. Although it was clear that the ruling party (MDP) wanted to preserve its power, this proved partially unsuccessful, as the electors thwarted the election of the communists. The leaders and members of the committees were unable to form a radical programme, because of the influence of the social democrats and the small-holders, and the very short time before the Soviet intervention. There were no radical local actions either, which could have caused real changes in the town. Thanks to all these, the local representatives of the party-ruled administration – though somewhat demoralized – managed to survive more or less without serious breaks, and could retake their positions.
Kemampuan Campuran Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Trichoderma sp. untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Bakteri pada Tanaman Tomat
Authors: Manan Abdul , Mugiastuti Endang , Soesanto Loekas
Published: October 2018

Ability of Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma sp. to Control Tomato Bacterial Wilt DiseaseRalstonia solanacearum is known as the causal agent of bacterial wilt on tomato.  The bacteria may infect all stadia of plant growth and decrease tomato production. Biological control using antagonistic microbes is considered as a potential control alternative for the disease. This research was aimed to assay the ability of combination treatment of Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma sp. in controlling R. solanacearum and its effect on growth and yield of tomato in the field. The treatments consisted of control (without antagonistic microbes), mixed combination of Bacillus sp. B8 + Bacillus sp. B11 + Trichoderma sp.; Bacillus sp. B8 + Pseudomonas flourescens P8 + Trichoderma sp.; and Streptomisin sulfat 20%. Antagonistic microbes was applied at planting time, as much as 100 mL per plant. The result showed that mixed combination of Bacillus sp. B8 + Bacillus sp. B11 + Trichoderma sp. was the best treatment in controlling the disease as indicated by delaying incubation period up to 6.2 days, decreasing disease incidence up to 12.3%, increasing plant growth up to 42.80%, and increasing yield up to 14.99%.
PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK PERBATASAN "UN-RESOLVED" DAN "UN-SURVEYED" SEGMEN BIJAELSUNAN-SUBINA-OBEN MELALUI PENDEKATAN BUDAYA
Authors: Kolne Yakobus
Published: October 2018

Perjanjian perbatasan antar negara merupakan salah satu bentuk perjanjian internasional, yang tentu saja dalam pelaksanaannya mengikuti asas-asas dan kaidah yang lazim dalam hukum internasional. Doktrik hukum internasional mengajarkan bahwa perjanjian tentang batas negara bersifat final sehingga tidak dapat diubah. Berkaitan dengan perjanjian perbatasan antarnegara, masalah krusial yang sering muncul adalah terbentunya negara baru, baik dalam rangka pelaksanaan right for self determination maupun akibat proses separasi lainnya, seperti halnya Timor-Timur melepaskan diri dari Indonesia sebagai akibat jajak pendapat yang dilaksanakan september 1999, dimana mayoritas rakyat Timor-Timur menginginkan lepas dari Indonesia dan berdiri sendiri sebagai sebuah negara yang berdaulat. Secara umum, doktrin yang berlaku adalah clean slate dimana negara baru tidak memiliki keterikatan untuk mempertahankan perjanjian yang dibuat sebelumnya sehingga posisi negara baru vis is vis perjanjian tersebut sepenuhnya bebas menerima atau menolak eksistensi perjanjian. Berdasarkan perspektif hukum perjanjian internasional hal tersebut dianggap wajar, karena perjanjian hanya mengikat para pihak yang membuatnya, dan tidak berlaku terhadap pihak ketiga yang tidak bersedia menundukkan diri pada obyek yang diatur di dalamnya. Permasalahan yang dihadapi kawasan perbatasan Indonesia dan Timor Leste khususnya di kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara dengan distric Oecuse berbeda sifat dan kondisinya dengan wilayah lain. Permasalahan-permasalahan yang terjadi dikawasan perbatasan dipengaruhi oleh faktyor yang berbeda seperti faktor goegrafis, ketersediaan sumber daya manusia dan alam, kondisi sosial, ekonomi, politik dan budaya serta tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat negara tetangga. Salah satu permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh seluruh kawasan perbatasan di Indonesia adalah kemiskinan serta ketersediaan sarana prasarana dasar sosial dan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu sebagai upaya untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut adalah perlu dilakukan komunikasi dan koordinasi dengan masyarakat yang bersengketa secara rutin,  perlu adanya sosialisasi secara terus menurus kepada masyarakat dengan memberikan pemahaman mengenai perjanjian perbatasan baik secara hukum, sosial dan budaya sehingga mereka bisa saling menerima dengan tetap menghargai nilai-nilai adat istiadat yang telah disepakati sebelumnya. Selain itu juga dibutuhkan suatu komitmen sehingga masalah perbatasan itu dapat diselesaikan secara damai.
Moral Competence and Aggression Prevention. Updating MCT Pilot Studies Inspired by Georg Lind’s Book How to Teach Morality. Promoting Deliberation and Discussion, Reducing Violence and Deceit (2016)
Authors: Nowak Ewa , Urbańska Adrianna
Published: October 2018

Aggression in juveniles may increase even in modern societies and manifest itself in countless forms of violence, including harming, persecution, abuse, pressure, hostility, etc. A large number of studies on the evolutionary, psychological and sociological origins of aggression are available. However, we lack cognitive remedies to counter developing tendencies towards aggressive behavior. Georg Lind's book How to teach morality. Promoting deliberation and discussion, reducing violence and deceit (2016) offers such a remedy based on his long–term (1976–2017) experiences with dilemma discussion training. This paper draws on Lind's conception of strengthening socio-moral competence as the most efficient remedy against aggression. It also revisits the ongoing theories of empathy. Finally, it revises the pilot research study that we conducted 2010 among Polish and Swiss juveniles7. That study focused on the following hypotheses: Lind's method of dilemma discussion (KMDD) can train and retrain moral competence in  uveniles that show a slight inclination towards aggressive behavior. Strong moral competence may prevent further maldevelopment, in particular interpersonal and collective violence.
Confessione e biografia: per un avvenire fondato nella storia. Note a partire da Jacques Derrida e Jean-Luc Marion
Authors: Peruzzotti Francesca
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to draw a connection between Jacques Derrida and Jean-Luc Marion in regard to the role of negative theology. This scrutiny shows meaningful contributions of the Authors to a new definition of subjectivity in a post-metaphysical age, and their consideration about which possibilities are still open for a non-predetermined history given outside of the presence domain. The future is neither a totalisation of history by its end, nor a simple continuation of the present. It is an eschatological event, where the relationship with the other plays a crucial role for the self-constitution. Such an interlacement is generated by the confession, where the link between past and future is not causally determined, but instead it is self-witness, as in Augustine’s masterpiece, essential reference for both the Authors
Limit and Creation. Towards an Ethic of Self-Limitation in the Digital Era
Authors: De Cesaris Alessandro
Published: October 2018

Aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between creativity, freedom and future in contemporary society. The main focus is on the notion of creativity in our digital era. Common sense understands creativity as a concept implying something new, something original that did not exist before. And yet in our society the constant overflow of news, products and contents doesn’t surprise anymore, is no longer connected to a truly creative act. The complete lack of limits seems to be our society’s own limit, since newness is not experienced anymore as something really new. The solution to this situation is a new ethic of self-limitation that reshapes our idea of creativity and bases it on different criteria. The first part of the article is an analysis of hypermodern society. Hypermodernity is defined through three features: quantity as a qualitative element, override of distance, sublation of perspective. Unlike postmodern society, hypermodernity defines itself positively on the basis of some technological and social results that are experienced as improvements. In the second part of the article the paradox of hypermodern society is discussed: despite its obsession for newness, despite the huge spread of creative jobs and the passion for future, newness seems to be something given an usual, being creative means conforming to given standards, and future is almost completely implemented into present. In the last part of the article I argue that a solution to this situation is an ethic of selflimitation, in which a rediscovery of limit leads to a new concept of creativity no longer based on quantitative increment, but rather on the ideas of qualitative selection, objective distance, personal perspective. According to this view, being creative is no longer a matter of content, but rather of form. I will also argue that the aesthetics of Oulipo, a French literary movement of the Sixties, already expressed this stance in a very similar situation.
Approaching Subjectivity. On “The Dispute About Subjectivity: Interdisciplinary Perspective”
Authors: Napiwodzka Karolina
Published: October 2018

The review paper revisits the problem of subjectivity with particular focus on the latest research in this field presented in The Dispute about Subjectivity – an Interdisciplinary Perspective, edited by Adriana Warmbier (2016). I pay special attention to the interdisciplinary perspective of the analyzed issues of subjectivity as a research object in humanities (philosophy, psychology, anthropology) and cognitive sciences.
Inclusion and Moral Competence. Hypotheses about Two Closely Related Tasks of the School
Authors: Reinicke Martina
Published: October 2018

In my article, I will give a short historical overview of inclusion-research. The focus lies on relation between moral and inclusion. I will introduce three branches of inclusion research and deduce my definition of inclusion from it. Inclusion can be understood as a dynamic process of realizing of equal participation on the one hand and of entitlement to diversity on the other hand. That means, inclusion lives from the solution of its immanent conflict- the conflict between equality and diversity. Therefore, I assume that “the ability to solve problems and conflicts on the basis of universal moral principles by means of deliberation and discussion, instead of using violence, deceit and coercion, or more specifically… the ability to judge arguments in regard to their moral quality instead of their opinion-agreement” (Lind 2016) is urgently needed. This ability is an important precondition for realizing inclusion. Following educational theory of morality by Lind and others, it’s not necessary to change the moral attitudes (moral orientation) in persons that are involved in the process of inclusion. It’s more important to improve their inclusive ability and their inclusive behavior. Inclusive behavior means a behavior with which shows recognition of both: of diversity of all as well as of the dignity of each individual. On this theoretical basis, I furthermore want to introduce a little research project carried out by the author in Vocational School Centre. The aim of this project was to improve the inclusive behavior by using the Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion®.
Is The Stimulation of Moral Competence with KMDD® Well-suited for Our Brain? A Perspective From Neuroethics
Authors: Steć Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

This article is an attempt to show that the KMDD® method is the best for both our brain and our moral functioning, which undoubtedly has its basis in the brain. At the same time, it is an attempt to draw attention to the importance of planning interventions (e.g. at the educational level) which stimulate moral development in accordance with the psychological and neurobiological functioning of an individual. The paper briefly presents the neuropsychological context of moral functioning, and then a series of arguments in support of the thesis that the scientifically proven effectiveness of using the KMDD® method has its support in adapting the method not only to one's pattern of individual behavior, but also to the proper functioning of one's brain.
Robot Morality: Bertram F. Malle’s Concept of Moral Competence
Authors: Schmiljun André
Published: October 2018

Bertram F. Malle is one of the first scientists, combining robotics with moral competence. His theory outlines that moral competence can be understood as a system of five components including moral norms, a moral vocabulary, moral cognition, moral decision making and moral communication. Giving a brief (1) introduction of robot morality, the essay analyses Malle’s concept of moral competence (2) and discusses its consequences (3) for the future of robot science. The thesis will further argue that Malle’s approach is insufficient due to three reasons: his function argument is very simplifying and therefore troubling; each component of his theory is inconsistent and, finally, closely connected to our common understanding of personhood, which raises new philosophical questions surrounding the basic issue of if and/or when machines can be considered people.
Research on Moral Judgment Competency of College Students in Mainland China with DIT-2
Authors: Zhang Qian , Thoma Stephen J.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this paper was to (1) examine moral judgment competency of a sample of 811 Chinese college students from a Southern university in mainland China with DIT-2; and (2) test whether gender, education, major, academic performance, and one-child policy have significant effect on the participants’ moral judgment competency. Results show that the participants score high in both Personal Interest schema and Postconventional schema, while low in Maintaining Norms schema. Gender and major have significant effect on participants’ moral judgment competency in China, while education level, academic performance and one-child family have no significant effect on their moral judgment competency. Reasons are discussed in the paper.
YENİ İKİ TİP KOMPOZİT MATERYALİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ÇETİN Ali Rıza , HATAYSAL Ahmet Ercan , AKTAŞ Bilal
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı posterior ve üniversal kullanım için üretilen dental kompozit materyalleri, bükme dayanımı, mikro sertlik ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü gibi mekanik özellikleri açısından şu an piyasada yaygın olarak kullanılan kompozit materyallerle karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, yeni üretilen NOVA Compo-HS ve NOVA Compo-N ile şu an piyasada yaygın olarak kullanılan kompozit materyaller Photoposterior, Estelite Posterior, X-tra fill, AELITE™ All-Purpose Body, Filtek Bulkfill, Tetric N-Ceram Bulkfill kullanıldı. Her bir materyalden silindir şeklinde (10x2mm boyutlarında) 20’şer örnek hazırlandı ve sonrasında örneklerin Ra cinsinden yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve Vickers sertlik değerleri belirlendi. Daha sonra her bir materyalden (2x2x25 mm boyutunda) dikdörtgen şeklinde örnekler hazırlanarak, instron cihazında 1 mm/dk hızda bükme dayanımı değerleri belirlendi. İstatistiksel analiz için tek yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey’s HSD ve Scheffe testleri kullanıldı.Bulgular: Materyaller arasında sertlik, pürüzlülük ve bükme dayanımları açısından farklılıklar gözlendi (P<0.05). Photoposterior ve AELITE™ All-Purpose, Compo-HS ve Compo-N ile karşılaştırıldığında belirgin olarak daha yüksek bükme dayanımı sergilediği gözlendi (p<0.05). Photoposterior; çalışmada kullanılan kompozitlerden daha yüksek mikro sertlik değeri gösterdi (P < 0.05). Compo-HS  ve Compo-N’in yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri X-tra fill ve AELITE™ All-Purpose’dan daha düşük olduğu gözlendi (p<0.05). Compo-HS ve Compo-N ile Filtek Bulkfill ve Tetric N-Ceram Bulkfill arasında yüzey sertlikleri açısından istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi.Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmada kullanılan mekanik test sonuçlarına göre yeni formülasyon kompozit Compo-N piyasada bulunan diğer üniversal kompozitlere benzer bulunarak, onlar kadar yeterli bulunmuştur. Ancak posterior dişler için üretilen Compo-HS, her ne kadar yüzey pürüzlülüğü açısından başarılı olsa da mekanik özellikleri bakımından diğer posterior kompozitler kadar yeterli bulunmamıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: kompozit rezin, bükülme dayanımı, mikro sertlik, yüzey pürüzlülüğü
A European Whitefish Linkage Map and Its Implications for Understanding Genome-Wide Synteny Between Salmonids Following Whole Genome Duplication
Authors: De-Kayne Rishi , Feulner Philine G D
Published: October 2018

Genomic datasets continue to increase in number due to the ease of production for a wider selection of species including non-model organisms. For many of these species, especially those with large or polyploid genomes, highly contiguous and well-annotated genomes are still rare due to the complexity and cost involved in their assembly. As a result, a common starting point for genomic work in non-model species is the production of a linkage map. Dense linkage maps facilitate the analysis of genomic data in a variety of ways, from broad scale observations regarding genome structure e.g., chromosome number and type or sex-related structural differences, to fine scale patterns e.g., recombination rate variation and co-localization of differentiated regions. Here we present both sex-averaged and sex-specific linkage maps for Coregonus sp. “Albock”, a member of the European whitefish lineage (C. lavaretus spp. complex), containing 5395 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci across 40 linkage groups to facilitate future investigation into the genomic basis of whitefish adaptation and speciation. The map was produced using restriction-site associated digestion (RAD) sequencing data from two wild-caught parents and 156 F1 offspring. We discuss the differences between our sex-averaged and sex-specific maps and identify genome-wide synteny between C. sp. “Albock” and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), which have diverged following the salmonid-specific whole genome duplication. Our analysis confirms that many patterns of synteny observed between Atlantic Salmon and Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus species are also shared by members of the Coregoninae subfamily. We also show that regions known for their species-specific rediploidization history can pose challenges for synteny identification since these regions have diverged independently in each salmonid species following the salmonid-specific whole genome duplication. The European whitefish map provided here will enable future studies to understand the distribution of loci of interest, e.g., FST outliers, along the whitefish genome as well as assisting with the de novo assembly of a whitefish reference genome.
Some prospects of growing and use of china aster for space greening in Podillia zone
Authors: Cherniak V. M. , Prokopchuk V. M. , Monarkh V. V.
Published: October 2018

Annual aster, also called China aster (Callistepsus chinensis (L.) Nees) is one of the priority ornamental flower plants for the introduction both in Ukraine and throughout the world. Domestic and foreign scientists are diverse in the study of this plant. Most of the works published during the last decades are devoted to the study and search for the most favorable agrotechnical techniques for aster cultivation under different conditions. The research was being carried out during 2016‑2017 on the territory of the Bio-stationary of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University with partial subsequent data processing at Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. The purpose of the study was to identify the most adapted and resistant samples among the collection cultivars of China aster for their further breeding and greening of various objects of Vinnytsia region. The methods of field and laboratory research were applied in accordance with the basic methodological requirements. The prospects of growing cultivars of China aster (Callistepsus chinensis) in the green space of Vinnytsia region were analyzed. The demand for new cultivars of different groups of annual aster in ornamental gardening and the need to develop decorative cultivars resistant to diseases and adapted to the environment was proved. For the first time, biomorphological features of Chinese asters (Callistepsus chinensis), methods of reproduction and the most promising cultivars for their growing under conditions of Vinnytsia region and their further use in landscaping of various objects were investigated. A collection of cultivars of different groups of Chinese aster on the territory of the collection site of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University was produced and unified. Due to high ornamental qualities, economic and biological qualities of the studied cultivars, all of them are evaluated as well adapted to the edaphic and climatic conditions of Podillya and they are recommended as objects intended for the replenishment of the assortment of plants for greening, collection and exhibition funds as well as breeding activities. A diversity of colours and forms of inflorescence, various shapes and height of the bush enable to use China aster widely in the single linear plantations, group plantations, for the arrangement of mixborders and plant beds, on the rocky landscapes and borders, to create groups and flower beds.
Дослідження процесів розкладання підстилки у природних дібровах Поділля
Authors: Shlapak V. P. , Shpak N. P. , Leontyak G. P. , Koval S. A. , Marno-Kutsa E. Yu.
Published: October 2018

Проведено порівняння морфологічних характеристик та швидкості розкладання підстилки в різних за складом природних деревостанах. Розраховано опадо-підстилковий коефіцієнт (ОПК) або індекс інтенсивності біологічного кругообігу для всіх дослідних насаджень природних лісів Національного природного парку "Кармелюкове Поділля". Визначено сезонне зменшення маси підстилки. Встановлено, що показник ОПК залежить від складу деревостану, типу лісу, рельєфу та погодних умов. У насадженнях із перевагою опаду дуба звичайного спостережено накопичення значної маси та потужності підстилки. Виявлено вплив опаду береки і липи на швидкість розкладання підстилки в лісах природного походження. Рекомендовано вводити ці породи в культури дуба звичайного. Встановлено, що формування повітряно-гідрологічного режиму верхніх шарів ґрунту залежить від типу деревостану. Найбільш сприятливою для процесів ґрунтоутворення є грудкувато-листова структура, яку формує опад липи, береки та граба. Опад дуба розкладається найповільніше. Швидкість розкладання підстилки залежить від умов місцезростання та хімічного складу опаду. Середній показник опадо-підстилкового коефіцієнта становить для природних лісів 1,0–1,7. Визначений опадо-підстилковий коефіцієнт підтверджує вагомий вплив опаду липи й береки на мінералізацію підстилки за 2–3 роки. Тому в лісові культури дуба звичайного рекомендовано введення липи й береки, що сприятиме формуванню високопродуктивних подільських дібров.
Перспективи використання сорту півонії трав'янистої для озеленення в умовах правобережного степового Придніпров'я
Authors: Leshcheniuk E. M. , Linckevych О. О. , Chipilyak T. F.
Published: October 2018

Наведено результати комплексного вивчення 50 сортів Paeonia×hybryda hort. колекційного фонду Криворізького ботанічного саду НАН України, які пройшли інтродукційне випробування протягом 1982–2017 рр. Район інтродукції (Криворіжжя) розташований у степовій природній зоні й належить до посушливих районів України. За висотою колекційні сорти поділено на низькорослі (висота 50–60 см), середньорослі (70–80 см) і високорослі (понад 90 см); за формою квітки – немахрові, махрові, анемоновидні; за величиною квітки – дрібноквіткові, середньоквіткові, великоквіткові та з найбільшим понад 19 см діаметром. Найбільшу кількість квітконосів формував густомахровий сорт 'Amabilis superbissima' – 18–36 шт. Узагальнено особливості сезонного ритму розвитку півонії трав'яної і з'ясовано, що відростали колекційні зразки в I-II декаді квітня, квітували з II декади травня по I декаду червня протягом 26–31 діб. Завершували вегетацію сорти в кінці листопада, а тривалість вегетації становила 224–235 діб. Внаслідок сортовивчення виділено 12 перспективних, адаптованих до умов Правобережного степового Придніпров'я сортів півонії трав'янистої. Установлено, що в умовах Криворіжжя вони проходять повний цикл фенологічного розвитку, характеризуються тривалим та пишним квітуванням, не пошкоджуються хворобами та шкідниками, що відповідає вимогам декоративного садівництва.
Вплив стимуляторів росту на вкорінення живців самшиту вічнозеленого Buxus sempervirens L. в умовах закритого ґрунту
Authors: Prokopchyk V. M. , Tsyhanskiy V. I. , Tsyhanska O. I.
Published: October 2018

Наведено результати досліджень щодо регенераційної здатності самшиту вічнозеленого Buxus sempervirens L. за вегетативного розмноження методом живцювання залежно від впливу оброблення живців розчинами стимуляторів росту рослин (Гетероауксин, Корневін, Емістим С, Ростмомент та Епін) в умовах захищеного ґрунту Вінницького національного аграрного університету. Визначено відсоток вкорінення самшиту вічнозеленого залежно від виду стимулювального препарату. Досліджено вплив регуляторів росту рослин на особливості формування таких біометричних показників вкорінених живців, як висота надземної частини, кількість та довжина коренів, що є умовою розробки та вдосконалення методів ефективного розмноження самшиту вічнозеленого для потреб озеленення. Умовою значного поширення декоративних рослин, зокрема і самшиту вічнозеленого, є розроблення та вдосконалення методів ефективного розмноження з урахуванням їх біологічних властивостей, особливостей масового вирощування та потреб озеленення. Питання щодо забезпечення вітчизняного ринку потрібною кількістю садивного матеріалу рослин, адаптованих до місцевих природно-кліматичних умов, залишається надзвичайно актуальним. Отже, дослідження біологічних основ, а також розроблення нових та вдосконалення існуючих технологічних параметрів, вегетативного розмноження самшиту вічнозеленого завдяки використанню стимуляторів росту рослин, що дає змогу отримувати якісний та стійкий посадковий матеріал, є надзвичайно актуальним завданням, яке потребує глибокого наукового вивчення.
Сучасний стан деревних насаджень на контрактовій площі Києва та перспективи їх реконструкції
Authors: Rogovskiy S. V. , Krupa N. M.
Published: October 2018

На основі аналізу результатів інвентаризації деревних насаджень на території Контрактової площі в Києві встановлено, що на площі зростають 1618 дерев та кущів, із них 496 дерева. Дендрофлора складається із 65 видів та 24 культиварів деревних рослин, які об'єднані в 41 рід та 23 родини. Із 65 видів та 25 культиварів деревних рослин тільки 16 видів є аборигенними, решта – інтродуценти. За життєвою формою переважають дерева – 86 % від загальної кількості видів. Найпоширеніші 11 видів дерев, які становлять майже 77 % від загальної кількості рослин. Більшість дерев віднесено до І і ІІ категорій санітарного стану. До ІІІ категорії віднесено ряд дерев, заселених Viscum album L., видів Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh, Acer sacharinum March., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus balsamifera L. Деревна рослинність зосереджена у трьох скверах та в придорожніх насадженнях по периметру площі. Найбільшим видовим різноманіттям (34 види) характеризується сквер № 1, що розташований у південній частині площі, а найменшим (10 видів) – сквер № 3, розташований у північній частині площі. У сквері № 2 виявлено 13 видів деревних рослин. Проведено інтегральне визначення цінності насаджень: насадження у скверах визнано цінними, а в придорожніх насадженнях – малоцінними. Запропоновано алгоритм реконструкції насаджень.
Очищення водних систем від надлишку фосфатів за допомогою бентоніту, активованого надвисокочастотним випромінюванням
Authors: Kontsur A. Z. , Dumas I. Z. , Sysa L. V.
Published: October 2018

Вивчено сорбційні властивості бентоніту, опроміненого мікрохвилями, на прикладі вилучення ним фосфат-іонів із концентрованих розчинів. Використано фізико-хімічні методи аналізу та графічно-аналітичну обробку результатів експериментів. Досліджено нативні (необроблені) зразки сорбенту та зразки, опромінені мікрохвилями у два способи: а) попереднє промивання бентоніту чистою водою під дією мікрохвиль ("стимуляція"); б) опромінення мікрохвилями суспензії бентоніту безпосередньо в робочих розчинах фосфатів ("пряме опромінення"). Показано, що останній спосіб активації збільшує сорбційну здатність бентоніту за фосфат-іоном порівняно з нативним та "стимульованим" сорбентом. Криві адсорбції фосфат-іонів бентонітом під час "прямого опромінення" розчину мікрохвилями добре описано моделлю Ленгмюра. Гранична рівноважна адсорбція фосфатів (ємність моношару) становить 6,13 мг/г для способу "прямого опромінення", порівняно з 2,54 мг/г ("стимульований" зразок) та 1,15 мг/г (нативний зразок). Припущено, що внаслідок опромінення суспензії мікрохвилями можливо подолати активаційний бар'єр та зароджуються мікрокристали нерозчинних фосфатів на поверхні кристалів сорбенту. Внаслідок цього різко збільшується сорбційна ємність бентоніту за фосфат-іоном. Відзначено значний вплив кислотності та температури розчину на параметри адсорбції фосфат-іонів бентонітом.
Автоматизація процесу проектування прес-форм для литва термопластів під тиском
Authors: Karpyk R. T. , Didyk S. V.
Published: October 2018

Проаналізовано функції систем автоматизованого проектування за критерієм наявності в одному пакеті можливостей: створювати деталь, проектувати форму для неї, перевіряти її міцнісні характеристики, симулювати заливання та прогнозувати якість кінцевого виливка. На основі аналізу публікацій показано, що з використанням систем автоматизованого проектування легше проводити стандартизацію й уніфікацію елементів технологічного оснащення та систематизацію проектних рішень, які дають змогу скоротити терміни технологічної підготовки виробництва і зменшити собівартість виробів. На основі створеної моделі деталі у середовищі Autodesk Inventor показано процес розроблення прес-форм для литва із врахуванням технологічних особливостей. Проведено симуляцію заливки з подальшим прогнозом якості виливків, що дає змогу спростити та істотно пришвидшити процеси: проектування прес-форми, здійснення аналізу ливарної порожнини та розроблення керівних програм для оброблення деталей на верстатах з ЧПК. Виконано розрахунки усадок, раціональних температурних параметрів процесу лиття та випробування створених деталей прес-форми на міцність та стійкість із задаванням умов закріплення, взаємного розміщення та навантаження, які діють на модель. У кінцевому підсумку отримано модель прес-форми, з яких легко можна зробити кінцеві робочі кресленики всіх деталей.