bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arbovirus Surveillance near the Mexico–U.S. Border: Isolation and Sequence Analysis of Chikungunya Virus from Patients with Dengue-like Symptoms in Reynosa, Tamaulipas
Authors: Laredo-Tiscareño S. Viridiana , Machain-Williams Carlos , Rodríguez-Pérez Mario A. , Garza-Hernandez Javier A. , Doria-Cobos Gloria L. , Cetina-Trejo Rosa C. , Bacab-Cab Lucio A. , Tangudu Chandra S. , Charles Jermilia , De Luna-Santillana Erick J. , Garcia-Rejon Julian E. , Blitvich Bradley J.
Published: May 2018

A total of 1,090 residents of the city of Reynosa, Tamaulipas, on the Mexico–U.S. border presented at hospitals and clinics of the Secretariat of Health, Mexico, in 2015 with symptoms characteristic of dengue. Dengue virus (DENV) antigen was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in acute sera from 134 (12.3%) patients. Sera from select patients (N = 34) were also tested for chikungunya virus (CHIKV) RNA by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Thirteen (38.2%) patients, including five DENV antigen-positive patients, were positive. Sera from three CHIKV RNA-positive patients were further assayed by virus isolation in cell culture and CHIKV was recovered on each occasion. The genome of one isolate and structural genes of the other two isolates were sequenced. In conclusion, we present evidence of CHIKV and DENV coinfections in patients who live near the Mexico–U.S. border and provide the first genome sequence of a CHIKV isolate from northern Mexico.
Spatial-temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China
Authors: Xu Wen , Liu Lei , Cheng Miaomiao , Zhao Yuanhong , Zhang Lin , Pan Yuepeng , Zhang Xiuming , Gu Baojing , Li Yi , Zhang Xiuying , Shen Jianlin , Lu Li , Luo Xiaosheng , Zhao Yu , Feng Zhaozhong , Collett Jr. Jeffrey L. , Zhang Fusuo , Liu Xuejun
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Five-year (2011–2015) measurements of gaseous NH3, NO2 and HNO3 and particulate NH4+ and NO3− in air and/or precipitation were conducted at twenty-seven sites in a Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN) to better understand spatial and temporal (seasonal and annual) characteristics of reactive nitrogen (Nr) concentrations and deposition in eastern China. Our observations reveal annual average concentrations (16.4–32.6 μg N m−3), dry deposition fluxes (15.8–31.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and wet/bulk deposition fluxes (18.4–28.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1) based on land use were ranked as urban > rural > background sites. Annual concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of each Nr species in air were comparable at urban and background sites in northern and southern regions, but were significantly higher at northern rural sites. These results, together with good agreement between spatial distributions of NH3 and NO2 concentrations determined from ground measurements and satellite observations, demonstrate that atmospheric Nr pollution is heavier in the northern region than in the southern region. No significant inter-annual trends were found in the annual Nr dry and wet/bulk N deposition at almost all of the selected sites. A lack of significant changes in annual averages between the 2013–2015 and 2011–2012 periods for all land use types, suggests that any effects of current emission controls are not yet apparent in Nr pollution and deposition in the region. Ambient concentrations of total Nr exhibited a non-significant seasonal variation at all land use types, although significant seasonal variations were found for individual Nr species (e.g., NH3, NO2 and pNO3−) in most cases. In contrast, dry deposition of total Nr exhibited a consistent and significant seasonal variation at all land use types, with the highest fluxes in summer and the lowest in winter. Based on sensitivity tests by the GEOS-Chem model, we found that NH3 emissions from fertilizer use (including chemical and organic fertilizers) were the largest contributor (36 %) to total inorganic Nr deposition over eastern China. Our results not only improve the understanding of spatial-temporal variations of Nr concentrations and deposition in this pollution hotspot, but also provide useful information for policy-makers that mitigation of NH3 emissions should be a priority to tackle serious N deposition in eastern China.
The seasonal cycle of pCO2 and CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean: diagnosing anomalies in CMIP5 Earth system models
Authors: Mongwe N. Precious , Vichi Marcello , Monteiro Pedro M. S.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Southern Ocean forms an important component of the Earth system as a
major sink of CO2 and heat. Recent studies based on the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5) Earth system models (ESMs) show
that CMIP5 models disagree on the phasing of the seasonal cycle of the
CO2 flux (FCO2) and compare poorly with available observation
products for the Southern Ocean. Because the seasonal cycle is the dominant
mode of CO2 variability in the Southern Ocean, its simulation is a
rigorous test for models and their long-term projections. Here we examine the
competing roles of temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as
drivers of the seasonal cycle of pCO2 in the Southern Ocean to explain
the mechanistic basis for the seasonal biases in CMIP5 models. We find that
despite significant differences in the spatial characteristics of the mean
annual fluxes, the intra-model homogeneity in the seasonal cycle of
FCO2 is greater than observational products. FCO2 biases in
CMIP5 models can be grouped into two main categories, i.e., group-SST and
group-DIC. Group-SST models show an exaggeration of the seasonal rates of
change of sea surface temperature (SST) in autumn and spring during the
cooling and warming peaks. These higher-than-observed rates of change of SST
tip the control of the seasonal cycle of pCO2 and FCO2 towards
SST and result in a divergence between the observed and modeled seasonal
cycles, particularly in the Sub-Antarctic Zone. While almost all analyzed
models (9 out of 10) show these SST-driven biases, 3 out of 10 (namely
NorESM1-ME, HadGEM-ES and MPI-ESM, collectively the group-DIC models)
compensate for the solubility bias because of their overly exaggerated primary
production, such that biologically driven DIC changes mainly regulate the
seasonal cycle of FCO2.
Greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters unchanged after forest harvesting
Authors: Klaus Marcus , Geibrink Erik , Jonsson Anders , Bergström Ann-Kristin , Bastviken David , Laudon Hjalmar , Klaminder Jonatan , Karlsson Jan
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Forestry practices generally result in an increased export of carbon and nitrogen to downstream aquatic systems. Although these losses affect the greenhouse gas budget of managed forests, it is unknown if they modify greenhouse gas emissions of recipient aquatic systems. To assess this question, we quantified atmospheric fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) of humic lakes and their inlet streams in four boreal catchments of which two were treated with forest clear-cuts followed by site preparation (18 % and 44 % of the catchment area) using a Before/After-Control/Impact-experiment. We measured atmospheric gas fluxes and hydrological and physicochemical water characteristics in hillslope groundwater, along stream transects and at multiple locations in lakes at 2-hourly to biweekly intervals throughout the summer season over a four year period. We found that the treatment did not significantly change greenhouse gas emissions from streams or lakes within three years of the treatment, despite significant increases of CO2 and CH4 concentrations in hillslope groundwater. Our results highlight the importance of the riparian zone-stream continuum as effective biogeochemical buffers and wind shelters to prevent greenhouse gases leaching from forest clear-cuts and evasion via downstream inland waters. These findings are representative for low productive forests located in relatively flat landscapes where forestry practices cause only a limited initial impact on catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry.
Beyond the bucket – Developing a global gradient-based groundwater model (G3M v1.0) for a global hydrological model from scratch
Authors: Reinecke Robert , Foglia Laura , Mehl Steffen , Trautmann Tim , Cáceres Denise , Döll Petra
Published: May 2018

Abstract. To quantify water flows between groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) as well as the impact of capillary rise on evapotranspiration by global hydrological models (GHMs), it is necessary to replace the bucket-like linear GW reservoir model typical for hydrological models with a fully integrated gradient-based GW flow model. Linear reservoir models can only simulate GW discharge to SW bodies, provide no information on the location of the GW table and assume that there is no GW flow among grid cells. A gradient-based GW model simulates not only GW storage but also hydraulic head, which together with information on SW table elevation enables the quantification of water flows from GW to SW and vice versa. In addition, hydraulic heads are the basis for calculating lateral GW flow among grid cells and capillary rise. G3M is a new global gradient-based GW model with a spatial resolution of 5' that will replace the current linear GW reservoir in the 0.5° WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM). The newly developed model framework enables in-memory coupling to WGHM while keeping overall runtime relatively low, allowing sensitivity analyses and data assimilation. This paper presents the G3M concept and specific model design decisions together with results under steady-state naturalized conditions, i.e. neglecting GW abstractions. Cell-specific conductances of river beds, which govern GW-SW interaction, were determined based on the 30'' steady-state water table computed by Fan et al. (2013). Together with an appropriate choice for the effective elevation of the SW table within each grid cell, this enables a reasonable simulation of drainage from GW to SW such that, in contrast to the GW model of de Graaf et al. (2015, 2017), no additional drainage based on externally provided values for GW storage above the floodplain is required in G3M. Comparison of simulated hydraulic heads to observations around the world shows better agreement than de Graaf et al. (2015). In addition, G3M output is compared to the output of two established macro-scale models for the Central Valley, California, and the continental United States, respectively. As expected, depth to GW table is highest in mountainous and lowest in flat regions. A first analysis of losing and gaining rivers and lakes/wetlands indicates that GW discharge to rivers is by far the dominant flow, draining diffuse GW recharge, such that lateral flows only become a large fraction of total diffuse and focused recharge in case of losing rivers and some areas with very low GW recharge. G3M does not represent losing rivers in some dry regions. This study presents the first steps towards replacing the linear GW reservoir model in a GHM while improving on recent efforts, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach and the robustness of the newly developed framework.
Measuring currents, ice drift, and waves from space: the Sea surface KInematics Multiscale monitoring (SKIM) concept
Authors: Ardhuin Fabrice , Aksenov Yevgueny , Benetazzo Alvise , Bertino Laurent , Brandt Peter , Caubet Eric , Chapron Bertrand , Collard Fabrice , Cravatte Sophie , Delouis Jean-Marc , Dias Frederic , Dibarboure Gérald , Gaultier Lucile , Johannessen Johnny , Korosov Anton , Manucharyan Georgy , Menemenlis Dimitris , Menendez Melisa , Monnier Goulven , Mouche Alexis , Nouguier Frédéric , Nurser George , Rampal Pierre , Reniers Ad , Rodriguez Ernesto , Stopa Justin , Tison Céline , Ubelmann Clément , van Sebille Erik , Xie Jiping
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We propose a satellite mission that uses a near-nadir Ka-band Doppler radar to measure surface currents, ice drift and ocean waves at spatial scales of 40 km and more, with snapshots at least every day for latitudes 75 to 82°, and every few days for other latitudes. The use of incidence angles of 6 and 12° allows for measurement of the directional wave spectrum, which yields accurate corrections of the wave-induced bias in the current measurements. The instrument's design, an algorithm for current vector retrieval and the expected mission performance are presented here. The instrument proposed can reveal features of tropical ocean and marginal ice zone (MIZ) dynamics that are inaccessible to other measurement systems, and providing global monitoring of the ocean mesoscale that surpasses the capability of today's nadir altimeters. Measuring ocean wave properties has many applications, including examining wave–current interactions, air–sea fluxes, the transport and convergence of marine plastic debris and assessment of marine and coastal hazards.
Proximal sensing for soil carbon accounting
Authors: England Jacqueline R. , Viscarra Rossel Raphael A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon (C) is vital for securing food
production and for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, climate
change, and land degradation. Some land management practices in cropping, grazing,
horticultural, and mixed farming systems can be used to increase organic C in
soil, but to assess their effectiveness, we need accurate and cost-efficient
methods for measuring and monitoring the change. To determine the stock of
organic C in soil, one requires measurements of soil organic C concentration,
bulk density, and gravel content, but using conventional laboratory-based
analytical methods is expensive. Our aim here is to review the current state
of proximal sensing for the development of new soil C accounting methods for
emissions reporting and in emissions reduction schemes. We evaluated sensing
techniques in terms of their rapidity, cost, accuracy, safety, readiness, and
their state of development. The most suitable method for measuring soil
organic C concentrations appears to be visible–near-infrared (vis–NIR) spectroscopy and, for bulk
density, active gamma-ray attenuation. Sensors for measuring gravel have not
been developed, but an interim solution with rapid wet sieving and automated
measurement appears useful. Field-deployable, multi-sensor systems are needed
for cost-efficient soil C accounting. Proximal sensing can be used for soil
organic C accounting, but the methods need to be standardized and procedural
guidelines need to be developed to ensure proficient measurement and accurate
reporting and verification. These are particularly important if the schemes
use financial incentives for landholders to adopt management practices to
sequester soil organic C. We list and discuss requirements for developing new
soil C accounting methods based on proximal sensing, including requirements
for recording, verification, and auditing.
Where is the 1-million-year-old ice at Dome A?
Authors: Zhao Liyun , Moore John C. , Sun Bo , Tang Xueyuan , Guo Xiaoran
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Ice fabric influences the rheology of ice, and hence the age–depth profile at
ice core drilling sites. To investigate the age–depth profile to be expected
of the ongoing deep ice coring at Kunlun station, Dome A, we use the depth-varying anisotropic fabric suggested by the recent polarimetric measurements
around Dome A along with prescribed fabrics ranging from isotropic through
girdle to single maximum in a three-dimensional, thermo-mechanically coupled
full-Stokes model of a 70 × 70 km2 domain around Kunlun
station. This model allows for the simulation of the near basal ice temperature and
age, and ice flow around the location of the Chinese deep ice coring site.
Ice fabrics and geothermal heat flux strongly affect the vertical advection
and basal temperature which consequently control the age profile.
Constraining modeled age–depth profiles with dated radar isochrones to 2∕3
ice depth, the surface vertical velocity, and also the spatial variability of
a radar isochrones dated to 153.3 ka BP, limits the age of the deep ice at
Kunlun to between 649 and 831 ka, a much smaller range than previously inferred. The
simple interpretation of the polarimetric radar fabric data that we use
produces best fits with a geothermal heat flux of 55 mW m−2. A heat
flux of 50 mW m−2 is too low to fit the deeper radar layers, and 60 mW m−2 leads to unrealistic surface velocities. The
modeled basal temperature at Kunlun reaches the pressure melting point with a
basal melting rate of 2.2–2.7 mm a−1. Using the spatial distribution
of basal temperatures and the best fit fabric suggests that within 400 m of
Kunlun station, 1-million-year-old ice may be found 200 m above the bed, and that
there are large regions where even older ice is well above the bedrock within
5–6 km of the Kunlun station.
Recent changes in summer Greenland blocking captured by none of
the CMIP5 models
Authors: Hanna Edward , Fettweis Xavier , Hall Richard J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Recent studies note a signiﬁcant increase in high-pressure blocking over the Greenland region (Greenland Blocking Index, GBI) in summer since the 1990s. Such a general circulation change, indicated by a negative trend in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, is generally highlighted as a major driver of recent surface melt records observed on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Here we compare reanalysis-based GBI records with those from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) suite of global climate models over 1950–2100. We ﬁnd that the recent summer GBI increase lies well outside the range of modelled past reconstructions (Historical scenario) and future GBI projections (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The models consistently project a future decrease in GBI (linked to an increase in NAO), which highlights a likely key deﬁciency of current climate models if the recently-observed circulation changes continue to persist. Given well-established connections between atmospheric pressure over the Greenland region and air temperature and precipitation extremes downstream, e.g. over Northwest Europe, this brings into question the accuracy of simulated North Atlantic jet stream changes and resulting climatological anomalies over densely populated regions of northern Europe as well as of future projections of GrIS mass balance produced using global and regional climate models.
PIRMINĖS ASMENS SVEIKATOS PRIEŽIŪROS ĮSTAIGŲ PASIRINKIMO MOTYVAI KAUNO MIESTE
Authors: Krajauskaitė Inga , Krančiukaitė-Butylkinienė Daina
Published: May 2018

Tyrimas atliktas 2017 m. Tyrime dalyvavo 9 Kauno miesto pirminės asmens sveikatos priežiūros centrai. Anoniminės anketos apklausos būdu atsitiktinai apklausti 18 metų ir vyresni 374 pacientai (265 moterys ir 109 vyrai), besikreipiantys į šeimos gydytoją. Tyrimui atrinkti asmenys suskirstyti į 2 grupes pagal gydymo įstaigą: besigydantys viešosiose (194 asmenys) ir privačiose (182 asmenys) pirminės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Nustatyti ir palyginti duomenys apie dabartinę gydymo įstaigą, jos pasirinkimo, keitimo motyvai. Duomenų statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant statistinių programų paketą (SPSS Version 24.0 for Windows) ir MS Excel. Skirtumas tarp grupių vertintas taikant χ2 testą. Skirtumas laikytas statistiškai reikšmingu, kai p<0,05.

Dažniausi pirminės asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos pasirinkimo motyvai privačiose ir viešose gydymo įstaigose – patogumas atvykti (65,2 proc.), kokybiškos paslaugos (39,8 proc.) ir malonus personalas (21,7 proc.). Didžioji dauguma (77,3 proc.) rekomenduotų jų lankomą gydymo įstaigą savo artimiesiems, draugams.

Dažniausi pirminės asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos pasirinkimo motyvai buvo patogumas atvykti, kokybiškos paslaugos ir malonus personalas. Dauguma rekomenduotų savo gydymo įstaigą artimiesiems, draugams.
ACUTE APPENDICITIS: DELAYED SURGERY DOES NOT INCREASE THE NUMBER OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Riauka Romualdas , Ignatavičius Povilas , Tverskis Žygimantas , Dambrauskas Žilvinas
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Historically appendicitis is tending to be operated as soon as possible to prevent future complications. Recent discussions show, that urgent operation does not always reduce the rate of postoperative complications. Immediate appendectomy can be delayed in some cases. Methods. Retrospective, non-randomized, single center, cohort study was performed. During one-year period 167 consecutive patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis were included in the study. The study population was divided into two groups according to the time from the onset of the symptoms to the operation. Group I (≤ 24 hours) - 74 patients and Group II (≥ 24 hours) – 93 patients. Primary (postoperative complications) and secondary (operating time, length of hospital stay and perforation rate at the final pathology report) endpoints were evaluated and compared. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of postoperative complications when comparing both groups. In Group I – 21.9% patients (87.5% Grade I) and in Group II – 25.8% patients (83% Grade I) had postoperative complications. Operating time was similar between the groups (72.97±29.1 (Group I) vs 79.95±35.4 minutes (Group II)). Length of hospital stay was longer in Group II, but no statistically significant difference was found (2.85±2.3 vs 3.34±4.88 days accordingly). Perforation rate at the final pathology report was twice higher in Group II (8 (10.8%) vs 17 (18.3%)), but no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusions. This study findings support earlier reports showing that delayed appendectomy is safe surgical procedure without higher rate of postoperative complications and may be applied in certain cases.
Respect, trust, care and interconnectedness
Authors: Thorseth May , Carson Siri Granum , Alvarez Allen
Published: May 2018

This open themed issue of Etikk i praksis compiles five diverse papers that overlap at key conceptual intersections around trust, care and responsibilities across national boundaries. Our globalized social environments have become more and more complex, and the information needed to understand society and our moral responsibilities have grown ever more challenging. The ‘fake news’ buzzword, used by various societal actors to cast doubt on political rivals, is shaking the trust needed to be confident about institutional sources of information. The caring attitude that serves to cement social groups and communities seems to be weakening in certain contexts, resulting in individual acts of unimaginable violence that shock us to the core. On the other hand, we are inspired when the same caring attitude mobilizes groups and individuals to reach across national boundaries and aid those who are suffering. In sorting through the generalizations and attempts to categorize the many highly complex social phenomena that occur in our interconnected global realities, we apply careful analysis of both facts and values that facilitate ethical reflection, helping us to make ethical decisions.
Evaluación de la calidad nutricional de la oferta alimentaria de seis cafeterias escolares de la ciudad de San Salvador.
Authors: Velasco José Armando , García María Elena
Published: May 2018

El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la calidad nutricional de la oferta alimentaria de las cafeterías que funcionan dentro de seis instituciones educativas a nivel de bachillerato de la ciudad de San Salvador, conocer los riesgos de inocuidad de los alimentos ofrecidos a los estudiantes, las condiciones de infraestructura y conocer el estado nutricional de los estudiantes. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo y transversal, con enfoque analítico, considerando 6 cafeterías escolares de instituciones privadas ubicadas en diferente zonas de la ciudad capital, incluyendo una muestra probabilística estratificada de 524 estudiantes de bachillerato de ambos sexos. Los principales resultados muestran que cerca del 73% de los productos ofertados en las cafeterías se caracterizaban por ser fuente importante de carbohidratos y grasas, constituyéndose en una oferta obesogénica, descuidando especialmente la aportación proteica, vitamínica y mineral de los alimentos. Con respecto al riesgo de violaciones a la normas que garantizan la inocuidad de alimentos, se encontró que, en términos generales, las cafeterías escolares tenían un riesgo catalogado entre bajo a moderado. En lo que respecta al estado nutricional, se encontró que el 66.8% estaba en condición de normalidad; sin embargo, se detectó que el principal problema nutricional era el sobrepeso y obesidad, alcanzando entre ambos estados el 29.4% de los encuestados; también se observó que la prevalencia de desnutrición solamente alcanzó el 3.8%, reflejando un 33.2% de malnutrición, lo cual es una cifra demasiada alta para este grupo de población.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 10 No 1 ISSN1818-202X enero-junio 2016, p. 27-33
Integración de las funciones sustantivas en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje
Authors: Juárez de Amaya Cristina
Published: May 2018

CREA CIENCIA Vol. 10 No 1 ISSN1818-202X enero-junio 2016, p. 4-6
Adherencia terapéutica a la insulinoterapia en hospitales de segundo nivel de la región metropolitana de salud
Authors: Salinas Ruth , Herrera Liliam , Rodríguez Bernabé
Published: May 2018

La baja adherencia a la insulinoterapia es un problema de salud pública debido a que conlleva tanto costos humanos como económicos que impactan de forma negativa al sistema de salud, incrementando así la morbimortalidad en los diabéticos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la adherencia terapéutica a la insulinoterapia en pacientes que consultan en hospitales de segundo nivel de atención de la Región Metropolitana de Salud. Se recopilaron los datos a través de cuestionarios estructurados, a los cuales se les incorporó el test de “batalla” y el test de “Morisky-Green” para evaluar el conocimiento y la adherencia, respectivamente. A partir de los resultados de esta investigación, se determinó que la adherencia terapéutica a la insulina es del 45%, por lo que existe una baja adherencia en comparación con la adherencia que existe en los países desarrollados. En conclusión y en base a los resultados del estudio, se identificó la necesidad de revisar y mejorar los programas de educación en salud para los diabéticos, además de concientizar al paciente sobre su condición de salud y la importancia de cumplir con su tratamiento.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 10 No 1 ISSN1818-202X enero-junio 2016, p. 5-13
Detección de genes BLA en aislados clínicos de Escherichia coli provenientes de pacientes del Hospital Nacional Zacamil de El Salvador
Authors: Santos René
Published: May 2018

La producción de enzimas inactivantes tipo Betalactamasas es uno de los mecanismos más importantes de resistencia antimicrobiana reportado a nivel mundial. Las infecciones ocasionadas por microorganismos productores de Betalactamasas de espectro extendido se relacionan con mayor mortalidad. Debido a la capacidad de diseminarse a través de elementos transponibles, los genes bla se reportan ampliamente. Sin embargo, existen países sin reportes de la circulación de éstos, a pesar de su importancia clínica.Este estudio provee las primeras evidencias de infecciones por Gram negativos intrahospitalarios asociados a genes de betalactamasas en El Salvador. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de genes bla tipo TEM, SHV, CTX-M1-2 y AmpC en aislados clínicos de Escherichia coli provenientes de pacientes del Hospital Nacional Zacamil. Método: Se estudiaron 30 aislados consecutivos de Escherichia coli provenientes de pacientes durante el periodo de enero a mayo del 2015. La confirmación de especie y determinación de resistencia, se realizó con PromptTM Inoculation Sistem-D para equipo MicroScan®. La producción de BLEE se determinó por método de sinergia de doble disco. Se verificó la presencia de genes bla por medio de Reacción en Cadena de las Polimerasas. Resultados: 24 muestras resultaron positivas a BLEE determinado por método de Doble Disco y 20 por método automatizado MicroScan®. Siendo más efcaz el método de doble disco para la determinación fenotípica de producción de BLEE. Ciproﬂoxacina y cefriazona fueron los antibióticos más utilizados como tratamiento. Conclusión: El 36.6% de aislados resultó positivo a genes bla tipo TEM. Se obtuvo resultados negativos a los otros genes estudiados.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 10 No 2 ISSN1818-202X julio-diciembre 2016, p. 6-18
Prevalencia y riesgo del consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes de 7° a 9° grado en centros educativos públicos de San Salvador
Authors: Bautista Pérez Fabio , Pérez de Merino María Antonieta
Published: May 2018

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito determinar la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes de primaria en tres centros escolares de San Salvador. El diseño del estudio fue transversal con un enfoque descriptivo. La muestra fue de 169 estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes: la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol y tabaco fue alta en los patrones evaluados, donde el género masculino presentó porcentajes más altos que el femenino. La bebida más consumida fue la cerveza y, la forma de consumo de tabaco fue el cigarrillo. La mayoría de los estudiantes comentaron que el consumo de alcohol y tabaco es un gran riesgo. Para los diferentes patrones de consumo de tabaco se detectaron 13 factores de riesgo y 4 de protección. En el caso de consumo de alcohol, se detectaron 5 factores de riesgo y 6 de protección. En conclusión, el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes de Tercer Ciclo (7° a 9° grado) pueden ser inﬂuenciados por los factores de riesgo encontrados, especialmente en el consumo de tabaco.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 10 No 2 ISSN1818-202X julio-diciembre 2016, p. 28-36
Factors That Influence Financial Behavior Among Accounting Students in Bali
Authors: Herawati Nyoman Trisna , Candiasa I Made , Yadnyana I Ketut , Suharsono Naswan
Published: May 2018

This study was aimed at analyzing factors that influence financial behavior among accounting students in Bali. This study used the quantitative approach through distributing questionnaires and a financial literacy test. The sample was selected through the multistage random sampling technique with the sample size of 518 respondents. The data were analyzed by using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that there is a positive and significant effect of financial literacy, financial self efficacy, social economic status on financial behavior. Social economic status has the highest contribution. The finding shows that the independent variables in this study have an effect on financial behavior. As the consequence, they can be used as references to develop other variables that are related to students’ financial behavior.
The impact of targeted therapy on healthcare resource use in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: The University of Sherbrooke experience
Authors: Simard Hugo , Sabbagh Robert , Ouellet Simon , Richard Patrick , Jeldres Claudio
Published: May 2018

Introduction: We assessed the impact of targeted therapies on healthcare resource use and compared treatment regimens used in patients diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).Methods: Clinicopathological and administrative data of patients with mRCC from our institution were retrospectively collected from January 2000 to August 2014. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of targeted therapies. Healthcare resource use (HCRU) data included non-scheduled total number of hospitalizations, total days hospitalized, emergency department visits, and healthcare professional consultations. Each variable was presented with absolute and relative values (i.e., per month of survival). Statistics relied on the use of t-student and Chi-square tests.Results: Ninety-nine patients were included in the study; 60 were treated with targeted therapy. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for demographic features and clinicopathological stage. HCRU analysis revealed an absolute increase in the median number of healthcare consultants (6 vs. 4; p<0.01) and emergency department visits (1 vs. 0; p=0.02) for the targeted therapy group. However, analysis per month of survival showed the targeted therapy group had fewer consultants (0.33 vs. 0.40; p=0.04) and hospitalizations (0.09 vs. 0.13; p=0.03) than their counterpart. Population size, non-randomization, treatment selection bias, and heterogeneity were the main limitations of this study.Conclusions: Monthly use of HCRU is lower in mRCC patients treated with targeted therapies. However, because of a greater overall survival, their absolute total HCRU will be higher than those not exposed to targeted agents.
Images – Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis
Authors: Gan Ailsa May Li , Plantinga Paul , Punjani Nahid , Hussey Andrew , Power Nicholas
Published: May 2018

Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) is a rare mesothelial tumour occurring in the tunica vaginalis of the testicle. The pathological classification of paratesticular mesothelial tumours is controversial and continues to evolve in the literature. Diagnostic criteria of one subtype, WDPM, are histological and include the following: 1) papillary or tubular-papillary architecture; 2) bland nuclear cytology; 3) low mitotic activity; 4) lined by a single row of cuboidal cells; and 5) absence of stromal invasion.1,2 This report presents issues of diagnosis of this rare pathology with imaging from an example case.
Contemporary surgical outcomes of venous tumour thrombectomy managed with intraoperative Doppler ultrasound for kidney cancer
Authors: Pruthi Deepak K. , Wang Hanzhang , Satsangi Arpan , Cajipe Miguel , Iffrig Kevan , Haidar Georges M. , Hicks Taylor , Sako Edward Y. , Liss Micheal A. , Chowdhury Wasim H. , Rodriguez Ronald , Kaushik Dharam
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Radical nephrectomy (RN) with venous tumour thrombectomy (VTT) carries a significant morbidity and mortality risk. Examination of a contemporary single-institution series permits the development of a management algorithm and an audit of its results. We report outcomes following the use of intraoperative colour Doppler ultrasound and our surgical pathway.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients who underwent RN with VTT for kidney cancer between January 1, 2013 and October 1, 2016. Surgical complications, postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥3), 90-day readmission rates, and outcomes are reported. Multivariate linear regression, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazard modelling were used to identify associations.Results: Fifty-eight patients underwent RN with VTT. Of these, 26 (45%) patients had Mayo Clinic level III or IV thrombus and 19 required venovenous/cardiopulmonary bypass. Three patients required patch grafting. The median length of hospital stay was eight days and there were 20 major complications. The 30-day readmission rate was 21% and the 90-day mortality rate was 8.9%. In multivariate analysis, low serum albumin and age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity score predicted length of stay. Increased intraoperative blood loss was significantly associated with increasing body mass index, serum creatinine, tumour thrombus level, and a history of significant weight loss >9.1kg. Low serum hematocrit predicted 90-day mortality.Conclusions: Intraoperative colour Doppler ultrasound is a useful tool and can facilitate caval preservation. Caval grafting can be avoided in most cases. Venovenous bypass can be avoided in many level III cases. Early therapeutic anticoagulation should be instituted with caution.
Symptom assessment to guide treatment selection and determine progression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Expert opinion and review of the evidence
Authors: Saad Fred , Pouliot Frédéric , Danielson Brita , Catton Charles , Kapoor Anil
Published: May 2018

Multiple new agents to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have become available in recent years; however, the appropriate timing and sequencing of these agents have yet to be elucidated. Until accurate biomarkers become available to allow more focused therapeutic targeting for this population, treatment selection for men with mCRPC will continue to be driven largely by close assessment of patient-related factors and symptoms. Pain, as the predominant symptom of mCRPC, is often the focus when assessing progression and the need for a change in treatment. A myriad of other symptoms, including fatigue, impact on activities of daily living, sleep, and lower urinary tract symptoms, also affect men with mCRPC, and assessment of the composite of these symptoms provides an earlier signal for the need to adjust treatment. A number of tools are available for assessing symptoms in patients with advanced prostate cancer, but they are not routinely used, given their complexity and length. A new simplified questionnaire is proposed for the assessment of symptoms, beyond pain, to inform treatment decisions for men with mCRPC.
Sisterly Bond/Sisters of Agony: A Feminist Reading of Beth Henley’s Crimes of the Heart and Ntozake Shange’s for Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide / When the Rainbow Is Enuf
Authors: Abdel Aziz Amal Gouda
Published: May 2018

Beth Henley (1952- ) and Ntozake Shange (1948- ) are renowned U.S. women playwrights. Exploring into the feminist insights of these contemporary writers, this paper will attempt to demonstrate that though their most celebrated plays, Crimes of the Heart and for colored girls, display noticeable dissimilarities in the structure, tone and technique, yet they are also characterized by parallel feminist visions with regard to women’s suffering in a predominantly patriarchal society. Both plays revolve around the painful experiences of women who have been subordinated by a male-dominated culture. In their struggle to find new positive images of self, these women endeavor to redefine the meaning of their humanity and to create invigorating images of the future. Rejecting conventions and rising above suffering and silence, they find their redemption in a mystical sense of feminine unity, a sisterly bond of love and care among women to transcend the degenerate forces, which have long subjugated and banished them.
Aesthetics and Violence in Romantic Poetry
Authors: Mohamad Mohamad Haj
Published: May 2018

Violence, as exhibited by some romantic poets, works as the dormant, and sometimes explicit, whim to think of and go for. Violence may not only be a temporal tendency but rather a philosophical trend embraced by romantics so that they can offset deep frustration generated by failure to create a better world. Shelley, Blake and Lord Byron do not mind conveying a tendency to go violent in order to bring about a better world, while E.A. Poe gives abnormal images, to define man’s need to liberate himself from restrictions of time and place. Emotions, imaginations and the search for beauty that are, sometimes, seen embodied in their approach to liberty mark the touchstone that romantics felt attached to, which explains why the world needs a hero, a savior, the concept that romantics believed in.This paper sets to investigate this issue of violence, its nature and how it functions in the works of selected romantic men of letters and how it can be affiliated to beauty and ethical and aesthetical values. Edgar Allan Poe will be dealt with along with fellow English romantic figures for, next to his romantic philosophy, he had a prominent tendency for functional violence coupled with aesthetical values.
An Empirical Research on Application of Cohesion Theory in College Listening EFL Teaching
Authors: Fu Chunxia
Published: May 2018

Cohesion Theory of Halliday and Hasan has been widely applied in different subjects of College EFL teaching, particularly in reading comprehension, writing and translation practice. It can also be a practical theory for College Listening EFL Teaching. Based on that theory, an empirical research is carried out among the freshmen from two classes in Yangtze University College of Arts and Sciences, and it lasts for 16 weeks. One of the classes is Control Group (CG) and the other is Experimental Group (EG). Both groups have the same amount of exercises from the same teaching materials but with different guidance in class: the subjects in CG are taught in traditional ways while those in EG are trained with the guidance of Cohesion Theory. After the experimental teaching period, the data collected from students’ pre-test and post-test scores is analyzed by the SPSS software program. The pre-test results show that there is no statistically significant difference between the scores of EG and CG before the experiment (P= 0.932>0.05). While the post-test results demonstrate that there is a considerable improvement on the scores of the subjects in EG than that of CG (P=0.009 < 0.05).
Mechanism of Power
Authors: Mohamad Mohamad Haj
Published: May 2018

This paper attempts an examination of the concept of the mechanism of power in Suzanne Collins’ trilogy The Hunger Games. The author conducts an analytical approach to the way power is practiced, the measure that helps establish a clandestine of power relations affecting people’s life, mentality of thinking, politics and even economy.The introduction delves to present a definition of power and its concept and how it gets activated and why. Power, according to Collins is the backbone and even the elixir of life upon which the very survival of the authoritarian state headed by President Snow depends. The paper goes on to explicate the need for keeping power in place to secure the government’s grip on power. Mechanism of power as shown in the novel works on so many levels. Divide and rule marks the first and most necessary and effective means as a divisive policy aiming at preventing any potential unity among people who might employ this unity to rise up against the totalitarian government. Media and sport and economic factors are used effectively to ensure government’s control on man’s mind, body and soul and intimidate them whenever needed. Collins presents power and its mechanism as the sole relation between people and government in the novel. Absence of democratic rule in Panem, or, American states, leaves power as the only means to describe the social bond between man and state, a bond that is unilaterally respected and practiced.
Cross-Border Exchange and Sharing of Generation Reserve Capacity
Authors: Baldursson Fridrik M. , Lazarczyk Ewa , Ovaere Marten , Proost Stef
Published: May 2018

This paper develops a stylized model of cross-border balancing. We distinguish three degrees of cooperation: autarky, reserves exchange and reserves sharing. The model shows that TSO cooperation reduces costs. The gains of cooperation increase with cost asymmetry and decrease with correlation of real-time imbalances. Based on actual market data of reserves procurement of positive and negative automatic frequency restoration reserves in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain, we estimate the procurement cost decrease of exchange to be €165 million per year without transmission constraints and €135 million per year with transmission constraints. The cost decrease of sharing is estimated to be €500 million per year. The model also shows that voluntary cross-border cooperation could be hard to achieve, as TSOs do not necessarily have correct incentives.
Pelas franjas dos santuários: turismo, fé e religião em flashes etnográficos
Authors: Sena da Silveira Emerson José
Published: May 2018

Neste artigo discute-se a relação entre turismo, fé e religião em torno dos santuários, a partir de três vivências etnográficas revisitadas em forma de flashes multissituados, com revisão bibliográfica parcial. O santuário, em sentido lato, abarca um núcleo central e uma extensa franja, espaciais e simbólicos. Entre o centro e a periferia estendem-se gradações, continuidades e descontinuidades. O santuário, desta forma, é compreendido neste artigo mais por suas sombras e simulacros do que por sua luminosa presença e esplendor, mais pela periferia do que pela centralidade. A questão proposta aqui remete aos espaços intermediários onde religião e turismo se esbarram, se misturam e se contrapõem. Foram três os espaços estudados a partir da metodologia etnográfica, Aparecida (SP), Canção Nova (SP) e Ashram-Vrajabhumi (RJ). O presente texto defende, portanto, que as franjas dos santuários permitem a reverberação de identidades ambíguas e oscilantes entre uma integridade-unicidade (fé) e uma não-integridade/não-unicidade (turismo).
Santuários e peregrinações religiosas: considerações em torno da dimensão ritualística da religiosidade
Authors: Mónico Lisete S. Mendes , Machado José Barbosa , Alferes Valentim Rodrigues
Published: May 2018

Procurando entender a religiosidade enquanto fator social, contributiva de construções de sentido e omnipresente em universos históricos e culturais diversos, este artigo debruça-se sobre a dimensão ritualística da religiosidade. Adotando como problema de pesquisa as peregrinações religiosas, assumem particular destaque os santuários enquanto marcadores simbólicos rumo ao sobrenatural. Este trabalho tem um duplo objetivo: efetuar uma revisão e análise crítica das peregrinações religiosas e estudar a especificidade das peregrinações ao Santuário de Fátima, sito em Portugal. Após uma breve alusão à dialética dissidência-convivência de práticas religiosas milenares nas sociedades secularizadas, revisitam-se os conceitos de culto, ritos e sacrifícios. Segue-se uma análise mais aprofundada ao tema das peregrinações aos santuários, desde o conceito e resenha histórica até à particularidade das peregrinações ao Santuário de Fátima, este último encarado como geo-símbolo do turismo religioso em Portugal. Apresentam-se resultados de um inquérito a 784 peregrinos ao Santuário de Fátima, incidindo sobre as crenças, vivências, percepções, intenções e expectativas relativas à peregrinação, bem como a natureza dos pedidos dirigidos à Senhora de Fátima e promessas cumpridas. Ao longo do artigo enfatiza-se a personagem peregrino, não descurando a análise da implicação comportamental ativa, voluntária e sacrificante como legitimadora das retribuições já concedidas ou a conceder.
Theoretical Appliqué and Comparative Contextualization in Cristina Rocha’s John of God / Bordado teórico e contextualização comparativa no livro John of God, de Cristina Rocha
Authors: Engler Steven Joseph
Published: May 2018

Este artigo analisa dois tipos de trabalho conceitual no livro de Cristina Rocha, John of God: The Globalization of Brazilian Faith Healing (2017): bordado teórico e contextualização comparativa. O primeiro apresenta um conjunto ad hoc de conceitos, oferecendo uma série de interpretações parciais. Apesar de não oferecer uma única interpretação coerente, esta abordagem tem as vantagens de respeitar a complexidade do caso e de indicar uma série de pistas interpretativas. O segundo envolve o trabalho típico, no estudo da religião, de colocar o movimento religioso ou outro objeto de estudo em relação à sua paisagem religiosa, salientando influências e concorrentes, comparando crenças e práticas. Embora o livro fosse melhor se ambas as dimensões do trabalho conceitual tivessem sido desenvolvidas, vale a pena considerar o bordado teórico como modelo para outros trabalhos. Este artigo visa destacar o valor do bordado teórico e sugerir como ele pode ser conduzido de forma ainda mais efetiva.