bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modifiable Risk Factors Discriminate Memory Trajectories in Non-Demented Aging: Precision Factors and Targets for Promoting Healthier Brain Aging and Preventing Dementia
Authors: McFall G. Peggy , McDermott Kirstie L. , Dixon Roger A.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Non-demented cognitive aging trajectories are characterized by vast level and slope differences and a spectrum of outcomes, including dementia.

Objective:

The goal of AD risk management (and its corollary, promoting healthy brain aging) is aided by two converging objectives: 1) classifying dynamic distributions of non-demented cognitive trajectories, and 2) identifying modifiable risk-elevating and risk-reducing factors that discriminate stable or normal trajectory patterns from declining or pre-impairment patterns.

Method:

Using latent class growth analysis we classified three episodic memory aging trajectories for n = 882 older adults (baseline Mage=71.6, SD=8.9, range = 53-95, female=66%): Stable (SMA; above average level, sustained slope), Normal (NMA; average level, moderately declining slope), and Declining (DMA; below average level, substantially declining slope). Using random forest analyses, we simultaneously assessed 17 risk/protective factors from non-modifiable demographic, functional, psychological, and lifestyle domains. Within two age strata (Young-Old, Old-Old), three pairwise prediction analyses identified important discriminating factors.

Results:

Prediction analyses revealed that different modifiable risk predictors, both shared and unique across age strata, discriminated SMA (i.e., education, depressive symptoms, living status, body mass index, heart rate, social activity) and DMA (i.e., lifestyle activities [cognitive, self-maintenance, social], grip strength, heart rate, gait) groups.

Conclusion:

Memory trajectory analyses produced empirical classes varying in level and slope. Prediction analyses revealed different predictors of SMA and DMA that also varied by age strata. Precision approaches for promoting healthier memory aging—and delaying memory impairment—may identify modifiable factors that constitute specific targets for intervention in the differential context of age and non-demented trajectory patterns.
Analisa Sniffing Paket ICMP menggunakan Wireshark
Authors: Prasetyo Inung Bagus
Published: February 2019

Meningkatnya perkembangan teknologi komputer, telekomunikasi dan informasi yang sangat cepat, membuat kebutuhan manusia akan teknologi semakin meningkat juga. Kemudahan mengakses informasi, berkomunikasi, saling bertukar informasi sampai data pribadi tidak bisa dihindari. Hal ini menimbulkan kejahatan komputer dari orang ketiga yang ingin mendapatkan data milik orang lain. Sniffing adalah salah satu jenis kejahatan komputer yang sering dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi dari korban. Sniffing dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai cara, salah satunya yaitu dengan menggunakan software wireshark untuk merekam aktifitas sebuah jaringan komputer yang sedang diincar. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa informasi apa saja yang dapat diterima oleh wireshark ketika melakukan sebuah teknik kejahatan komputer sniffing, agar dapat dilakukan pengoptimalan kemanan jaringan untuk mencegah bocornya sebuah informasi atau data.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN STARTING LINE UP TIM SEPAKBOLA MENGGUNAKAN METODE PERBADINGAN EKSPONENSIAL (MPE)
Authors: Pranadipa Andhika
Published: February 2019

Sepakbola adalah salah satu olahraga terpopuler di dunia. Statistik dan sepakbola dewasa ini diterapkan dalam beberapa aspek salah satunya adalah sebagai bahan pertimbangan pemilihan line-up pemain sepakbola oleh pelatih. Penelitian ini menerapkan sistem pendukung keputusan (SPK) dalam bidang sepak bola menggunakan metode perbandingan eksponensial untuk memilih pemain berdasarkan hasil pembobotan dari beberapa kriteria, yaitu Assist, Shot, Drible, Goal, Tackle, Intercept, Foul, Ball Possesion dan Save. Dengan adanya sistem ini pemilihan line-up pemain oleh pelatih dapat dilakukan secara objektif dan dapat mendukung pelatih dalam pengambilan keputusan.
PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI DEKSTOP DALAM PROSES SISTEM PENGIRIMAN FURNITURE PADA A & N INTERIOR
Authors: . Sarwindah -
Published: February 2019

Pada masa sekarang Komputer sudah diakui menjadi kebutuhan utama dalam membantu kelancaran suatu kegiatan yang membutuhkan kecepatan dan akurasi yang tinggi, dan menjadi salah satu faktor yang ikut mendukung perkembangan suatu perusahaan yang handal. Di bidang jasa wirasuwasta khususnya, komputer tidak hanya digunakan sebagai sarana kelancaran kerja, tetapi juga sarana untuk berkompetisi. Perkembangan pebisnis selalu menghendaki laporan yang  up to date dan pengolahan datanya harus terpelihara dengan baik. Dengan adanya kebutuhan informasi yang mangkin lama mangkin meningkat, maka diperlukan suatu sistem yang baik dan cepat. Suatu sistem dikatakan baik apabila akan memudahkan semua proses, salah satunya, dengan Aplikasi berbasis dekstop sistem komputerisasi yang memberikan kemudahan dalam melakukan suatu kegiatan, terutama bagi CV. A & N furnicture Interior.Keywords: Aplikasi, Sistem Proses Pengiriman dan dekstop
Hubungan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dengan kejadian infestasi Soil–transmitted Helminths pada pekerja perkebunan kopi Sumber Wadung Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Al-Muzaky Ahmad Hasbi , Hermansyah Bagus , Suswati Enny , Armiyanti Yunita , Nurdian Yudha
Published: February 2019

Infestasi Soil - Transmitted Helminths (STH) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang masih sering ditemukan di negara beriklim tropis, salah satunya di Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan perkembangan STH membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan yang hangat dan lembab, serta  memerlukan media tanah untuk menjadi fase infektif yang disebut soil - transmitted helminth.Kondisi ini dapat ditemukan di lingkungan perkebunan yang sangat menguntungkan bagi perkembangan STH. Hal ini menyebabkan para pekerja perkebunan sangat beresiko terinfestasi oleh STH. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya hubungan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) dengan kejadian infestasi STH pada pekerja perkebunan kopi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analisis deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 hingga Januari 2019. Perkebunan yang dipilih adalah Perkebunan Kopi Sumber Wadung di Kabupaten Jember dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang responden dan diberikan kuisioer PHBS. Pemeriksaan infestasi STH dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu flotasi dan sedimentasi. Dari 100 responden, 28 pekerja (28%) terinfestasi oleh STH. Kemudian dilakukan uji analisis chi-square antara PHBS dengan kejadian infestasi STH dan didapatkan adanya hubungan antara PHBS dengan kejadian infestasi STH pada pekerja (<0,05).
Perspektif Budaya Lokal Tri Hita Karana dalam Pencegahan Kecurangan pada Pengelolaan Dana Desa
Authors: Kurniawan Saputra Komang Adi , Sujana Edy , Tama Gede Mandirta
Published: February 2019

Artikel ini berkaitan dengan perspektif dan eksistensi penerapan budaya lokal tri hita karana dalam  organisasi, penerapan budaya tri hita karana dalam pengelolaan dana desa di Desa Sudaji, dan Budaya lokal dengan konsep tri hita karana pada pengelolaan dana desa. Artikel ini merupakan sebuah penelitian yang berusaha untuk mengetahui perspektif budaya lokal tri hita karana dalam pencegahan kecurangan pada pengelolaan dana desa di Desa Sudaji. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Konsep tri hita karana sebagai sebuah falsafah yang mampu memberikan manfaat bagi kehidupan bermasyarata terutama didalam pengelolaan organisasi berupa prinsip kebersamaan, keselarasan dan keseimbangan. Budaya lokal tri hita karana dalam pengelolaan dana desa di Desa Sudaji  yang diterapkan dapat memberikan nilai etos kerja bagi aparatur desa. Selain itu, pencegahan kecurangan pada pengelolaan dana desa di Desa Sudaji mengadopsi budaya lokal tri hita karana sebagai penjaga atau pagar terdepan didalam pengelolaan dana desa.
PENGARUH JUMLAH KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN TERHADAP PENERIMAAN RETRIBUSI TEMPAT REKREASI DAN OLAHRAGA PADA DINAS PARIWISATA DAN KEBUDAYAAN KABUPATEN KEBUMEN TAHUN 2011-2014
Authors: Marlini Wenny , Yusuf Bahrudin
Published: February 2019

The number of tourist visits consists of adults and children, the amount will have an impact on tourism object and sport retribution. This research aimed to determine the effect of the number of tourist visit to income of tourism object and sport retribution at departement tourism and culture district Kebumen year 2011-2014.

The research methods used by the writer weredescriptive and quantitativ methods. This study used a simple linear regression. Results of this analysis showed regression equation Y=-281.785.862,671+4.757,518X means that each additional 1 visitor would improve tourism object and sport retribution RP 4.750,00. Significance test result the number of tourist visit to income of tourism object and sport retributionat departement tourism and culture district Kebumen, was t of (4,678) was greater than the table t of (4,303)means that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted.

Results of this study could be concluded that a significant difference between the number of tourist visits towards tourism object and sport retribution.

 

Keywords : The Number Of Tourist Visits, Tourism Object and Sport Retribution
MANAJEMEN BERBASIS SEKOLAH STRATEGI ALTERNATIF DALAM PERSAINGAN MUTU
Authors: Ibrohim Busthomi
Published: February 2019

The debate over how centralized or decentralized the management of education system should be is essential to the success of strategies far improving or reforming the system. One of the main aims of education reform and probabfy the best means of going about it is to involve the stakeholders in decision making.There are various aspects lo schools' autonomy. It applies first lo resource management it means that the school should be able to decide how lo use a substantial portion of its allotted resources. Marry reasons have been advanced to explain why this should be, but accordingly school based management is way for forcing individual school to take responsibiliry for what happens to children under their jurisdiction and attending their school.It should be so, because school as institution is the specific set essential function is serves in our society. So that, school based management should be understood as policy problem which needs problem stracturing, policy alternatives, hypothetical recommendation about policy output, policy actions, outcomes and consequencies.To know more about its function in accordance with education setting of Indonesia today. The writer will have at least partially fulfilled as below.Key Words: School Based Management, Decentralization of Education, Quality Assurance
RELASI KUASA TEOLOGI MURJl'AH DAN BANI UMAYAH
Authors: Hudaeri Mohamad
Published: February 2019

Dalam Islam hubungan agama dan politik sangat erat. Problem pertama yang muncuf setelah meninggafnya Rasufuffah adafah tentang suksesi kepemimpinan. Meskipun suksesi kepemimpinan itu pada mufanya menjadi perdebatan sengit di kafangan sahabat, tetapi pada tahap sefanjutnya mereka sepakat untuk mengangkat Abu Bakar sebagai khalifah pertama pascakenabian. Begitu pula pengangkatan Umar bin Khattab dan Utsman bin Affan sebagai khalifah relatif lancar. Perdebatan sengit dan konflik terbuka terjadi ketika Ali bin Abu Thalib diangkat menjadi khalifah.

Pada masa kekhalifan Ali dan sesudahnya umat Islam terbelah menJadi beberapa kelompok (firqah) yang memifiki aliran politik yang berbeda-beda. Maka perdebatan yang terjadi pun bukan hanya tentang suksesi kepemimpinan tetapi juga tentang siapa orang mu'min yang berhak menjadi warga negara dari sistem pemerintahan Islam (ummah). Maka tiap kelompok dafam umat Islam, seperti Khawarij, Syi 'ah dan Murji 'ah. berusaha untuk mendefenisikan iman yang sesuai dengan afiliasi kelompoknya.

Perdebatan tentang defenisi mu'min merupakan hal yang tidak terelakan dafam SeJarah Islam, hal ini didasarkan pada sistem perpolitikan Islam yang didasarkan pada doktrin agama. Maka ideologisasi Islam untuk meraih kekuasaan menjadi tidak terelakkan. Islam menJadi alat yang paling laku untuk melegitimasi kekuasaan.

Hal ini pula yang dilakukan oleh Bani Umayah untuk melanggengkan kekuasaannya. Ia berusaha untuk mencari justifikasi dari agama bahwa kekuasaamrya sesuai dengan qjaran Islam. Ajaran teologi Islam yang memberi legimitasi tentang kekuasaan Bani Umayah adalah Murji'ah. AJaran teologj ini tidak berkembang ketika penyokongnya, Bani Umayah mengalami keruntuhan. Kata Kunci: relasi kuasa, mu'min, Bani Umayah, ummah.
METODE AL-SUYUTI MERINGKAS AL-RADD ‘ALA 'L-MANTIQIYYIN KARYA IBN TAYMIYYA
Authors: Ali Mufti
Published: February 2019

Al-Radd 'ala 'l-Mantiqiyyin adalah sebuah karya yang ditulis oleh Ibn Taymiyya untuk mendekonstruksi semua prinsip-prinsip logika Aristoteles. Karena barangkali kejeniusannya, ketika mendekonstruksi logika Aristoteles tersebut, Ibn Taymiyya sering tidak bisa menghindarkan diri untuk tidak mendiskusikan topik-­topik yang sebenarnya tidak relevan (digressive), seperti isu-isu teologis dan metafisika, dan tak jarang pembahasannya terhadap masalah-masalah tertentu berulang-ulang (repetitive). Karenanya Al-Radd 'ala 'l-Mantiqiyyin sulit dipahami dan koherensi argumen yang dibangunnya tidak solid dan komprehensif, sehingga kritik Ibn Taymiyya terhadap logika terasa tidak begitu tajam. Ditangan al-Suyuti­lah, kritik Ibn Taymiyya terhadap logika itu terasa to the point. Al-Radd dengan 138.000 kata diringkas dan diberi pengantar oleh al-Suyuti  dalam karya (ringkasannya), Jahd al-Qariha fi Tajrid al Nasiha (mengeluarkan semua daya untuk ‘membersihkan’ Nasiha, viz. al-Radd) dengan hanya 32.000 kata. Upaya al- al-Suyuti tersebut berhasil dan karenanya diapresiasi oleh banyak orientalis, salah satunya, misalnya, oleh W.B. Hallaq, orientalis ternama bidang filsafat Islam.

Kata Kunci: Metode meringkas, Al-Radd 'ala 'l-Mantiqiyyin, Jahd al-Qariha fi Tajrid al-Nasiha, al-Suyuti dan Ibn Taymiyya
MENAKAR HERMENEUTIKA DALAM KAJIAN SASTRA
Authors: NURSIDA IDA
Published: February 2019

The study of literature is signed by an inherent and important activity within it, i.e. interpretation. The activity of literature appreciation and literature criticism, both of its periphery and its orifice, deals with literature studies that should be interpreted. Every interpretation activity of literature works always involves in a hermeneutical process. Hence, hermeneutics occupies a crucial position and it is impossible to disregard it in the analyis of the literature works. Based on that explanation, hermeneutics is something important to discuss comprehensively in order to obtain sufficient understanding. Hermeneutics developed in the literature interpretation deals closely with the development of hermeneutical thoughts, especially on the history of philosophy and theology because it begins to appear from these two subjects. To understand hermeneutics in the literature interpretation, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the history and the concept of hermeneutics, especially dealing with three variants of hermeneutics which develop in the tradition of modern hermeneutics: methodological or theoritical hermeneutics, philosophical hermeneutics, and critical hermeneutics. by understanding these three variants, it enables us to have sufficient understanding on hermeneutics in the literature studies.

Keywords: hermeneutics, literature, catharsis, metodelogical level.
MEDIATING THE INTERESTS: THE STUDY OF THE COUNCIL OF ‘ULAMA’ INDONESIA OF BANTEN PROVINCE'S ROLES ON THE DISCOURSE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SYARI’AH IN BANTEN
Authors: Rohman Rohman
Published: February 2019

After the ruin o the New Order era in 1998, the struggle to implement syarrah in Indonesia came into a new historical phase. During this period, several Radical Islamic movements were established both as a respond to the collapse of the New Order regime which trammels their activities and as a respond to several horizontal conflicts triggered by religious issues which were frequently occurred the fall of the Suharto's regime. In the pipe line, the discourse of the implementation of Islamic syari'ah occurred not only in national level, but also in local level. The Banten province established in 2000 was one of the important regions in the map of Islamic movements in fighting out the implementation of Islamic syariah. In this regard, the Majelis Ulama Indonesia of Banten province played a great role, especially in mediating various interests involved in this discourse fight in local level Even though Muslims failed in bringing the regional regulations into realiry to make Banten Province as Aceh which has implemented Islamic syari'ah, the emergence of several local regulations in several municipalities shows that this discourse is still alive up to the present
PENGUCAPAN MAKHRAJ DARI UNIT BUNYI TERKECIL HURUF HIJAIYAH BERDASARKAN FREKUENSI DASAR DAN FREKUENSI FORMANT UNTUK MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA ALQURAN
Authors: Subali Muhammad , Andriansyah Miftah , Sinambela Christanto
Published: February 2019

This article aims to look at the similarities and differences in the fundamental frequency and formant frequencies using the autocorrelation function and LPCfunction in GUI MATLAB 2012b on sound hijaiyah letters for adult male speaker beginner and expert based on makhraj pronunciation and both of speaker will be analysis on matching distance of the sound use DTW method on cepstrum. Subject for speech beginner makhraj pronunciation are taken from college student of Universitas Gunadarma and SITC aged 22 years old Data of the speech beginner makhraj pronunciation is recorded using MATLAB algorithm on GUI Subject for speech expert makhraj pronunciation are taken from previous research. They are 20-30 years old from the time of taking data. The sound will be extracted to get the value of the fundamental frequency and formant frequency. After getting both frequencies, it will be obtained analysis of the similarities and differences in the fundamental frequency and formant frequencies of speech beginner and expert and it will shows matching distance of both speech. The result is all of speech beginner and expert based on makhraj pronunciation have different values of fundamental frequency and formant frequency. Then the results of the analysis matching distance using method DTW showed that obtained in the range of 28.9746 to 136.4 between speech beginner and expert based on makhraj pronunciation.

Keywords: fundamental frequency, formant frequency, hijaiyah

letters, makhraj
TINJAUAN TEORITIS KEBIJAKAN FISKAL ISLAM PERIODE NABI MUHAMMAD SAW
Authors: Haryanto Joko Tri
Published: February 2019

Dewasa ini dunia sedang mengalami kelesuan akibat kegagalan sistem ekonomi konvensional yang diterapkan baik sosialisme maupun kapitalisme. Karenanya banyak pihak kemudian mulai menggagas perlunya sistem ekonomi baru yang mampu menjawab beberapa tantangan di masa depan. Sistem ekonomi Islam (SEI) kemudian diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu solusi alternatif dalam memenuhi ekspektasi tersebut. Salah satu yang paling signfikan adalah kebijakan fiskal yang Islami baik di periode jaman kepemimpinan Rasulullah SAW maupun para pemimpin sesudahnya. Dengan mengulas tinjauan teoritis kebijakan fiskal Islami dalam periode Rasulullah SAW, dapat dijelaskan bahwa kebijakan fiskal yang diimplementasikan sudah mengandung banyak prasyarat dan praktik-praktik yang bersifat modern. Struktur pendapatan negara di periode pemerintahan Rasulullah SAW misalnya sudah menerapkan praktik-praktik pendapatan modern baik berupa penetapan pajak dan pungutan bea misalnya Jizyah dan Kharaj juga mencerminkan pelaksanaan pengaturan perpajakan modern atas individu dan penguasaan hartanya. Beberapa item yang menjadi sasaran obyek pajak relatif sempurna jika diselaraskan dengan situasi dan kondisi saat itu. Pembagian Belanja Negara menjadi pos belanja primer dan sekunder sekiranya menjadi cikal bakal sistem APBN modern saat ini. Adanya belanja untuk pertahanan seperti persenjataan, unta, kuda dan persediaan, merepresentasikan belanja sektoral pertahanan dan fungsi pelayanan umum. Dari sisi pembiayaan, defisit dapat dihindari karena pengeluaran disesuaikan dengan belanja-belaja yang bermanfaat.
KISAH PEMBANGKANGAN IBLIS DALAM AL-QURAN
Authors: Latif Abdul
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to show the stylistics of devil’s disobedience story in Al-Quran . There are seven stories in seven chapters of al-Quran which talk over devil’s disobedience story. This stylistics of devil’s disobedience narratives is analysed by the observation of al-Quran stories within stylistics frame. There were four stylistics which the writer found in this paper. First, the stylistics of this story used four exposure techniques, they were a story began by climax scene, a story began with no preface, a story described by human imagination involve, and a story with insertion of religiousness advices. Second, presentation of story’s elements in this story served all of elements within a story, they were prominent figure, phenomenon, and dialogue. Third, there were three kinds of repetition happened in this story, they were a repetition of story line with the different character, a repetition of story with the different chronology, and a repetition of story with the different language style. Fourth, the art of story description in this story could arouse our mind and psychomotor.  Keywords: Stylistics, Devil’s Disobedience Story, Seven Stories
THE PROBLEM OF INFORMALISATION OF EMPLOYMENT IN UKRAINE AND WORLD
Authors: Nykorovych B.D.
Published: February 2019

The article analyzes the problem of informal employment. The last normative legal acts and the works of scientists in the aspect of this question are analyzed. Examples of insufficiency and inconsistency of legal and administrative regulation with the present-day realities are presented and own ways of solving this problem are proposed.
LEWIS CARROL AND HIS MARVELOUS WORLD
Authors: Pohorielova K.V.
Published: February 2019

The article attempts to explore the life and creative work of the famous English writer, mathematician and philosopher Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwige Dodgson). His wonderful world for many years fascinates both adults and children. In the writer's work, the world of children is different from the world of adults, even more so – these two worlds are opposed to each other. Researchers of his work cannot confirm which of these worlds L. Carroll considered to be true, as well as on whose side he was. In this context, it should
be noted that L. Carroll was, on the one hand, an extremely serious man of science (the logical tasks and puzzles of the scientist contributed to the emergence of such sciences as mathematical logic, semiotics, linguistic analysis), and on the other – a great dreamer and children’s best friend. Carroll's literary works have influenced the work of a number of classics (James Joyce, Franz Kafka, Henry James, Rudyard Kipling, Frank Baum, Volodymyr Nabokov), they are still amaze and captivate humanity.
Investigation in the Net of the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC): A Case Study
Authors: Suleiman Naziru , Ahmi Aidi
Published: February 2019

The objective of this paper is to understand the investigation of economic and financial crimes by the Nigeria’s Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). Thus, the study through the use of case study from the qualitative research paradigm attempts to understand from the perspectives of experts from EFCC, the investigation of categories of economic and financial crimes. The findings revealed the concentration on the investigation of Public Sector Corruption (PSC) as compared to other forms of economic and financial crimes. Therefore, the paper recommends the strengthening of the investigation capacity of the EFCC to cover all forms of economic and financial crimes. Notwithstanding the need to stem the tide of PSC in Nigeria, other forms of economic and financial crimes equally have the tendency to retard the country backward in all its developmental processes.
Governance of Heritage Conservation: Overview on Malaysian Practice
Authors: Wan Mohd Rani Wan Nurul Mardiah , Tamjes Mohd Shakir , Wahab Mohammad Hussaini
Published: February 2019

Heritage conservation refers to the process of preserving, repairing, restoring and maintaining sites and buildings that have significant heritage values. In Malaysia, currently, heritage sites and buildings are currently facing great threat from new urban development particularly due to the need to accommodate the growth of population, infrastructure development as well as economic growth. The scarce of land supply in the heart of Kuala Lumpur city for instance has exposed this modern heritage city to severe from commercialisation pressure because of the land price. Whether to preserve and conserve is still in great debate among the policymakers, stakeholders and academicians. The importance of conservation comprised a significant impact on the three pillars of sustainability; social, economy and environmental. This research examines the gap in related documents such as national development plans of Eleventh Malaysia Plan (EMP), National Physical Plan (NPP), National Urbanization Policy (NUP) and specific guiding document / policy on the heritage conservation such as National Heritage Act 2005 (NHA), ICOMOS Charters and relating current by-laws that facilitates the conservation activities in Malaysia. Hence, the focus of this paper is to review and identify the gap of present governance and legislations to protect such heritage values from being demolished and destroyed. Finally, the paper identifies several best practice strategies towards better governance of heritage conservation.
Developing a reporting guideline to improve meta-ethnography in health research: the eMERGe mixed-methods study
Authors: Cunningham Maggie , France Emma F , Ring Nicola , Uny Isabelle , Duncan Edward AS , Roberts Rachel J , Jepson Ruth G , Maxwell Margaret , Turley Ruth L , Noyes Jane
Published: February 2019

Background

Meta-ethnography is a commonly used methodology for qualitative evidence synthesis. Research has identified that the quality of reporting of published meta-ethnographies is often poor and this has limited the utility of meta-ethnography findings to influence policy and practice.

Objective

To develop guidance to improve the completeness and clarity of meta-ethnography reporting.

Methods/design

The meta-ethnography reporting guidance (eMERGe) study followed the recommended approach for developing health research reporting guidelines and used a systematic mixed-methods approach. It comprised (1) a methodological systematic review of guidance in the conduct and reporting of meta-ethnography; (2) a review and audit of published meta-ethnographies, along with interviews with meta-ethnography end-users, to identify good practice principles; (3) a consensus workshop and two eDelphi (Version 1, Duncan E, Swinger K, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK) studies to agree guidance content; and (4) the development of the guidance table and explanatory notes.

Results

Results from the methodological systematic review and the audit of published meta-ethnographies revealed that more guidance was required around the reporting of all phases of meta-ethnography conduct and, in particular, the synthesis phases 4–6 (relating studies, translating studies into one another and synthesising translations). Following the guidance development process, the eMERGe reporting guidance was produced, comprising 19 items grouped into the seven phases of meta-ethnography.

Limitations

The finalised guidance has not yet been evaluated in practice; therefore, it is not possible at this stage to comment on its utility. However, we look forward to evaluating its uptake and usability in the future.

Conclusions

The eMERGe reporting guidance has been developed following a rigorous process in line with guideline development recommendations. The guidance is intended to improve the clarity and completeness of reporting of meta-ethnographies, and to facilitate use of the findings within the guidance to inform the design and delivery of services and interventions in health, social care and other fields. The eMERGe project developed a range of training materials to support use of the guidance, which is freely available atwww.emergeproject.org(accessed 26 March 2018). Meta-ethnography is an evolving qualitative evidence synthesis methodology and future research should refine the guidance to accommodate future methodological developments. We will also investigate the impact of the eMERGe reporting guidance with a view to updating the guidance.

Study registration

This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015024709 for the stage 1 systematic review.

Funding

The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
A sign of identity, power, and protection. Some remarks on the nonmilitary role of shields in the Przeworsk culture in the Early and Middle Roman Periods
Authors: Raczyńska-Kruk Marta , Kruk Adam
Published: February 2019

Our knowledge of shields in Celto-Germanic societies north of the Danube River – especially among people of the Przeworsk Culture, the most ‘militarized’ archaeological culture in this part of Barbaricum – comes mainly from archaeological sources dated to the beginning of the Roman Period (mainly the first three centuries AD), as well as ancient texts (especially Tacitus’ works). However, due to the incompleteness of material relics (lack of wooden elements, etc.) and difficulties in interpretation of Roman references (as a result of their propaganda character, literary qualities), the sources are highly fragmented. It is therefore crucial to find archaeological analogies from different regions, and other kinds of sources, in order to come to know not only the appearance of barbarians’ shields, but primarily their sociocultural importance. As well, some ethnographic and historical analogies (relating to the Celtic, Anglo-Saxon or Norse cultures of the early medieval period) can be also taken as an explanation of ritual and symbolic functions of shields, and ways in which inhabitants of Central Europe could have used them in their ritualized forms of behaviour during the Roman period. Shields, as it turns out, were intended to signal identity of members of a retinue, family, or clan, to protect a warrior in combat, and to ward off evil (for example, by using them as apotropaic objects in funerary rituals), as well as to emphasize high social position, power and prestige of individuals. Finally, richly decorated shields could have served as valuable goods in ritual gift-exchange.
The Acheulean handaxes from Faysaliyya (Shawbak directorate, southwestern Jordan), 2017 season
Authors: Pasek-Zastawna Agnieszka , Zakrzeńska Justyna , Witkowska Barbara
Published: February 2019

This paper presents the inventory of 23 Lower Paleolithic handaxes surface collected at the Faysaliyya archaeological site in 2017. The purpose of the paper is to inform about a new collection of handaxes found in the highland region of southern Jordan, provide its detailed description, and draw some preliminary conclusions which may be useful for further studies on numerous lithics materials from Faysaliyya. The site is located in southwestern Jordan, in the northern part of the geographical and historical region of Edom, the Edom Highland. It was discovered during rescue surveys in 2016 and has been exacavated since 2017 by a Polish team from the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University within the framework of the HLC Project. The presented handaxes were made of relatively high quality local flints. They all are characterized by a state of preservation typical for lithic artefacts obtained from a desert environment (patina, weathering). Moreover, most of them bear traces of abrasion and damages, which suggests that they could have been brought to Faysaliyya by fluvial transportation. The handaxes have been classified according to F. Bordes’ typology. They mostly include amygdaloids and sub-cordiforms but several coridiforms, discoidals, sub-triangulars, and a single Miqocian ficron have been distinguished as well. Two artefacts have been classified as miscellaneous forms. In a very few cases, traces of reutilization as flake cores, or some kinds of modification/rejuvenation are visible on the handaxes. Due to their finding context, the group of handaxes presented in this paper cannot be considered as a homogenous assemblage and may consist of artefacts of various chronology. Generally, the analysed handaxes reveal features which are typical of the Late Acheulean, but it cannot be excluded that some of them may be dated to the Middle Acheulean (alternatively Large Flake Acheulean). Thus, the presented inventory seems to be similar to others surface collections of handaxes from southwestern Jordan, such as Fjaje, Wadi Faynan or Wadi Qalkha.
A case-study of the so-called “pottery depot” from Bessów, site 3, commune Bochnia, Małopolska Province. Archaeological material and functional re-interpretation
Authors: Okońska Magdalena
Published: February 2019

Site 3 in Bessów is one of the sites located on the lower reaches of the Raba River, in the micro-region associated with the Przeworsk culture, dated mostly to the Younger and Late Roman Periods. In the results of excavations in Bessów, a group of archaeological features described as a “pottery depot” were discovered. In its fill and in its closest vicinity, about 8.330 fragments of pottery were found. Almost all of them represent wheel made pottery, and about half are sherds with abradable surfaces. Apart from pottery and about 180 pieces of daub, other categories of finds did not occur. In older publications the so-called “pottery depot” was interpreted as a place where ready-made vessels were stored. The basis for this interpretation was mainly the presence of a huge amount of pottery in the fill of this feature, with a relatively low share of materials bearing traces of different types of damage at the same time. Reanalysis of pottery material and the stratigraphy allowed for a new interpretation of the “pottery depot” as a potter’s workspace or workshop. The paper focuses on the pottery material from the “pottery depot”. It is an example of a case study of an untypical archaeological feature and the difficulties connected with its interpretation.
Czeladź city gate and walls in light of archaeological research
Authors: Jaskot Alan , Pierzak Jacek , Rak Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

Up until recently, Czeladź (Silesia, Poland) was generally believed to have been an “open” city, with no stone or brick fortifications. This belief persisted due to lack of historical sources from the period and insufficient archaeological research. In 2016, the authors of this article carried out archaeological investigations 70 m east of the Market Square. The investigations led to the discovery of two wall remains. The width of the first one was 1.40 m. The wall was built from stones of various sizes, hewn only on the face side. The wall was added to another wall, 0.60 m wide at the foundation; however, the second wall was sunk into a compact layer of marl and clay, which reinforced it from its inner side. It was over 0.80 m wide, 2.07 m long and was preserved up to a height of 0.47 m. Five layers of stone have survived. Two fragments of earthenware were discovered in the fill of this cut, dated to, respectively, between the 15th/16th centuries and the 16th century. A lime and sand mortar was used in the construction of both walls. This mortar is characterized by a grey and beige colouration and admixture of significant amounts of sand, limestone lumps, small brick fragments and charcoals. Such admixtures were used in the Medieval Period, and date the mortar to the 14th/15th century. Through architectural and cartographic analysis it can be said that these wall remains are remnants of an element of city fortifications, namely a city wall and a fragment of the eastern city gate. The opening of the presumed gate lies on the same axis as the exit from Rynkowa Street. The investigations provided further evidence for the fact that Czeladź had defensive walls. The research also proved, for the first time in source archaeological material, the existence of a city gate.
Tinjauan Yuridis tentang Kriteria Pencemaran dan Perusakan Lingkungan Menurut UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Fitriah Nikmah
Published: February 2019

Penelitian yang berjudul: “ Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Kriteria Pencemaran dan Perusakan Lingkungan Menurut UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup” ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perbandingan kriteria pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan antara UU No. 23 Tahun 1999 dengan UU No. 32 Tahun 20/09 dan menganalisis perubahan kriteria pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan dalam UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 sinkron dengan teori ilmu lingkungan hidup. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian normatif yaitu melakukan telaah terhadap berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan baik mengenai ketidaksinkronan, maupun masalah pertentangan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa pertama, dari perbandingan kriteria pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan, versi UU No. 23 tahun 1999 dengan UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 menghasilkan suatu perbedaan dalam menentukan suatu tindak pidana. Versi UU No. 23 Tahun 1999, tindak pidana pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan termasuk kategori delik materiel, sehingga dalam proses pembuktiannya dituntut dua hal yaitu terbukti perbuatan tersebut dilakukan oleh pelaku yang mampu bertanggungjawab dan harus pula dibuktikan perbuatan tersebut menimbulkan akibat yang dilarang oleh undang-undang. Sedangkan versi UU No. 32 Tahun 2009, tindak pidana pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan termasuk kategori delik formal, sehingga hanya perlu dibuktikan suatu perbuatan yang dilarang saja. Kedua, diketahui kalau kriteria pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan menurut UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 bertentangan atau tidak sinkron dengan kriteria berdasarkan teori lingkungan hidup atau kriteria secara ekologis.
Konsepsi Penyelamatan Dana Desa Dari Perbuatan Korupsi
Authors: Bunga Marten , Aswari Aan , Djanggih Hardianto
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to analyze the management of village funds from corruption. The problem focuses on how the concept of saving village funds from corruption? This research is in the form of normative legal research with approach of legal norm and legal principles. The result of the research shows that the concept of fund grant from villages from corruption bundles, namely, First, MoU with community with the aim of committing to build village together with village fund monitoring team; Second, establishing an independent team of supervisors to oversee the running of village fund management processes; third, ready to be sworn the village apparatus in the oath by using the scriptures of each religion; four strict sanctions with a view to providing perpetrators of village funds.
Design and Analysis of Novel Actuation Mechanism with Controllable Stiffness
Authors: dos Santos Erivelton Gualter , Richter Hanz
Published: February 2019

Actuators intended for human–machine interaction systems are usually designed to be mechanically compliant. Conventional actuators are not suitable for this purpose due to typically high stiffness. Advanced powered prosthetic and orthotic devices can vary their stiffness during a motion cycle and are power-efficient. This paper proposes a novel actuator design that modulates stiffness by means of a flexible beam. A motorized drive system varies the active length of the cantilever beam, thus achieving stiffness modulation. New large deflection formulation for cantilever beams with rolling contact constraints is used to determine the moment produced by the actuator. To validate the proposed solution method, an experiment was performed to measure large static deformations of a cantilever beam with the same boundary conditions as in the actuator design. The experiments indicate excellent agreement between measured and calculated contact forces between beam and roller, from which the actuator moment is determined.
Endophytic Fungal Root Colonization of Eragrostis tef in Eroded Croplands of the Ethiopian Highlands Is Limited by Low Spore Density and Fertilisation
Authors: Getachew Gezahagn , Rewald Boris , Godbold Douglas L. , Sandén Hans
Published: February 2019

Eragrostis tef (teff) is a (sub-)tropical cereal crop and a staple food in Eastern Africa. As soil erosion has become increasingly worse in the Ethiopian highlands, we test the hypotheses that (1) eroded soils possess low arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore densities, (2) teff growth is limited by low endophytic fungal root colonization rates and (3) colonization rates and spore densities are additionally reduced by fertilization. A pot experiment was set up to study the effect of cropland soil inoculation using pristine fungal communities (from adjacent forests) or fertilization. AMF spore densities in soil with and without teff and root colonization by AMF and dark septate endophytes (DSE) were related to straw and grain yields. AMF and DSE colonization rates were higher after inoculation, which provides evidence that a low spore density limits teff root colonization in eroded soils. However, teff yields were significantly increased after fertilisation but not inoculation. N-P fertilization further lowered root colonization rates and spore density. We conclude that forest soils serve as a refugium for soil biota in the degraded landscape of the Ethiopian highlands. As both increased AMF and DSE increase the stress resistance of plants, their inoculation potential should be considered when developing sustainable management methods for teff.
Effects of Biofertilizer Produced from Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces griseoflavus on Plant Growth, Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, Nutrient Uptake, and Seed Yield of Mung Bean, Cowpea, and Soybean
Authors: Htwe Aung Zaw , Moh Seinn Moh , Soe Khin Myat , Moe Kyi , Yamakawa Takeo
Published: February 2019

The use of biofertilizers is important for sustainable agriculture, and the use of nodule bacteria and endophytic actinomycetes is an attractive way to enhance plant growth and yield. This study tested the effects of a biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium strains and Streptomyces griseoflavus on leguminous, cereal, and vegetable crops. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay. Under N-limited or N-supplemented conditions, the biofertilizer significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of mung bean, cowpea, and soybean compared with the control. Therefore, the biofertilizer used in this study was effective in mung bean, cowpea, and soybean regardless of N application. In this study, significant increments in plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake, and seed yield were found in mung beans and soybeans. Therefore, Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 plus Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8 and Streptomyces griseoflavus are effective bacteria that can be used together as biofertilizer for the production of economically important leguminous crops, especially soybean and mung bean. The biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium and S. griseoflavus P4 will be useful for both soybean and mung bean production.
The Ethics of Human–Animal Relationships and Public Discourse: A Case Study of Lions Bred for Their Bones
Authors: Coals Peter , Burnham Dawn , Loveridge Andrew , Macdonald David W. , Sas-Rolfes Michael ’t , Williams Vivienne L. , Vucetich John A.
Published: February 2019

Conservation and natural resource management are increasingly attending the ethical elements of public decisions. Ethical considerations are challenging, in part, because they typically require accounting for the moral consideration of various human and nonhuman forms of life, whose interests sometimes conflict (or seem to conflict). A valuable tool for such evaluations is the formal analysis of ethical arguments. An ethical argument is a collection of premises, logically interrelated, to yield a conclusion that can be expressed in the form, “We ought to…” According to the rules of logic, a conclusion is supported by an argument if all its premises are true or appropriate and when it contains no mistaken inferences. We showed how the formal analysis of ethical arguments can be used to engage stakeholders and decision-makers in decision-making processes. We summarised the method with ten specific guidelines that would be applicable to any case. We illustrated the technique using a case study focused on captive-bred lions, the skeletons of which form part of an international trade to supply traditional medicine markets in Southeast Asia with felid bones. As a matter of public policy, the practice is a complicated nexus of concerns for entrepreneurial freedom, wildlife conservation, and the fair treatment of animals.
Dietary Supplementation of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) during the Dry Period Improves Redox Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows
Authors: Barbato Olimpia , Holmes Belinda , Filipescu Iulia-Elena , Celi Pietro
Published: February 2019

Thirty-six pregnant Holstein–Friesian cows were used to study the effect of Yerba Mate (YM) supplementation during the dry period on redox balance. The treatments groups were Control (no YM), YM 250 (250 g/cow/day), and YM 500 (500 g/cow/day). Blood samples were obtained 30 days prepartum, at calving, and monthly postpartum until four months post calving. Liveweight (LW) and body condition score (BCS) were assessed prepartum, at calving, and then postpartum monthly until the end of the trial. Plasma was analyzed for hydroperoxides (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and biological antioxidant potential (BAP). The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as OSI = ROMs/BAP × 100. Cows were milked twice daily, and milk yield data were recorded daily. Redox balance was improved by YM supplementation, as reflected in the lower OSI values observed in the YM groups. Yerba Mate supplementation significantly affected LW, but did not affect BCS. Milk yield averaged 28.1 ± 0.40, 29.0 ± 0.48, and 29.9 ± 0.46 L/cow/day in the Control, YM 250, and YM 500 groups, respectively, but was not significant. Nutritional manipulation during the dry period with Yerba Mate has demonstrated the potential to improve redox balance and milk yield.
Bayesian Game-Theoretic Bidding Optimization for Aggregators Considering the Breach of Demand Response Resource
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Gao Bingtuan , Li Yuanmei
Published: February 2019

Demand response (DR) aggregator controlling and aggregating flexible resource of residential users to participate in DR market will contribute the performance of DR project. However, DR aggregator has to face the risk that users may break the contract signed with aggregator and refuse to be controlled by aggregator due to the uncertainty factors of electricity consumption. Therefore, in this paper, community operator (i.e., DR aggregator) is proposed to equip auxiliary equipment, such as energy storage and gas boiler, to compensate for power shortage caused by users’ breach behavior. DR aggregated resource with different auxiliary equipment will have different characteristics, such as breach rate of DR resource. In the proposed DR framework, for selling the aggregated resource, community operator has to compete the market share with other operators in day-ahead DR market. In the competition, each operator will try its best to make the optimal bidding strategy by knowing as much information of its opponents as possible. But, some information of community operator (e.g., DR resource’s characteristic) belongs to privacy information, which is unknown to other operators. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the application of incomplete information game-theoretic framework to model the competition among community operators in DR bidding market. To optimize bidding strategy for the high profit with incomplete information, a Bayesian game approach is formulated. And, an effective iterative algorithm is also presented to search the equilibrium for the proposed Bayesian game model. Finally, a case study is performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed framework and Bayesian game approach.