bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODIFICATION OF GLOVES FOR WATER CUSHION AS AN INJURY PREVENTION DURING TUMOR REMOVAL PROCEDURE IN PRONE POSITION: CASE REPORT
Authors: Lestari Listya Puji , Aulawi Khudazi , Subekti Tri
Published: December 2024

Background: Surgery in the prone position has been associated with various complications such as facial edema, pressure ulcers, and eye problems.  It is important to prevent complications during prone position with head support. Modification of water cushions made from gloves to protect the facial area is often done, but needs to be considered between the benefits and risks to patient safety.Case: A 29 year old woman with a tumor of the occipital region. The patient underwent tumor removal surgery in a prone position for +/- 9 hours. During the operation, the patient uses water cushions from the glove that are placed on the forehead and two sides of the eye. The cushion burst during positioning and in the middle of the operation a water cushion fell. After surgery, the patient complained of blurred vision and facial swelling for 2-3 days.Conclusion: The cushion modification of gloves has the benefit of protecting the bony prominences of the face. Apart from that, the risks of using this modification need to be taken into account, such as the risk of contamination, risk of injury if the placement is uncorrect, and injury also can arise if the cushions shifts or falls due to poor fixation. The modifications can be improved by replacing the gloves used, the water used, and the level of elasticity of the cushion. They can also use head supports that have been proven effective and improve intraoperative monitoring.
Unraveling Sex Differences in Kidney Health and CKD
Authors: van Eeghen Sarah A. , Nokoff Natalie J. , Vosters Taryn G. , Oosterom-Eijmael Maartina J.P. , Cherney David Z.I. , van Valkengoed Irene G.M. , Choi Ye Ji , Pyle Laura , Bjornstad Petter , den Heijer Martin , van Raalte Daniël H.
Published: December 2024

Sexual dimorphism plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD. Men with CKD often exhibit faster kidney function decline, leading to higher rates of kidney failure and mortality compared with women. Studies suggest that sex hormones may influence this apparent dimorphism, although the mechanisms underlying these influences remain poorly understood. In this review, we first summarize recent findings on sex differences in the prevalence and progression of CKD. Subsequently, we will focus on (1) the role of sex hormones in these sex differences, (2) kidney structural and hemodynamic differences between men and women, (3) the influence of sex hormones on pathophysiological processes leading to kidney disease, including glomerular hyperfiltration and key pathways involved in kidney inflammation and fibrosis, and finally, focus on the consequences of the underrepresentation of women in clinical trials. Understanding these sex differences is critical for advancing precision medicine and improving outcomes for both men and women with CKD.
The E-C Translation of Long Sentences in Legal Texts—With the Translation of an Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Shares as an Example
Authors: Wang Wanqi
Published: December 2024

Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, international exchanges between China and foreign countries have increased enormously. In order to guarantee the smooth progress of such economic activities, parties involved tend to establish official trade relationships through signing commercial contracts. Given that such contracts are usually drafted in English, which is the most common language in international communication, it is indispensable to translate them into Chinese for the convenience of Chinese companies. Although legal English tend to be simplified nowadays, there still exist many long sentences with complex structures in legal texts, the translation of which has long been regarded as the most difficult thing in legal translation. In this paper, the author will introduce such practical methods as Cutting, Reversing and Recasting for translating long sentences in legal texts with examples from an Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Shares. It is hoped that this paper can become a reference for other legal translators.
A Study on the Consciousness of Chinese National Community among "9+3" Yi Students in Higher Vocational College—Taking the Creation of Curriculum for the Educational Environment of Kindergartens in Sichuan Preschool College as an Example
Authors: Li Wenting , Yao Hui
Published: December 2024

In the process of carrying out the fundamental task of moral education and cultivating people, curriculum ideological and political construction has become a key measure to promote the development of "big ideological and political" pattern and the implementation of the concept of "three-whole education". For the "9+3" Yi students in higher vocational colleges, teachers should firmly cast the consciousness of the Chinese nation community as the key element of ideological and political integration, in order to comprehensively strengthen the Yi students' national identity and national confidence, and realize the educational goal of cultivating talents for the Party and the country. This paper takes kindergarten education environment creation curriculum teaching as the research object, and analyzes the current situation of "9+3" Yi students' consciousness cultivation of Chinese nation community by expounding relevant concepts, the correlation between curriculum ideology and politics and the Chinese nation community as well as the situation of kindergarten education environment creation curriculum. And put forward the training strategy of "9+3" Yi students' consciousness of Chinese national community based on the "five in one" teaching mode.
Чингис-хан в фольклорных преданиях монгольских народов: мифологические рамки памяти
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Isakov Aleksand V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article examines the features of ideas about Genghis Khan, embodied in the folklore legends of the Mongolian peoples. It is noteworthy that the plots of oral traditions about Genghis Khan have almost nothing in common with information from written sources about the life of the founder of the Mongol Empire, such as “The Secret History of the Mongols” and other Mongolian, Turkic, Chinese and Persian chronicles known to us. It follows from this that folklore texts about the life and deeds of Genghis Khan are based on certain stable folklore-mythological structures, which in the oral tradition replaced the memory of his real biography. Goals and purposes of the study. The study makes an attempt to identify and classify the folklore and mythological structures underlying the folklore legends of the Mongolian peoples about Genghis Khan. Materials and methods. The research material is based on the texts of Mongolian, Buryat and Kalmyk folklore, recorded in the period from the 19th to the beginning of the 21st century. Comparative-typological and structural-semiotic methods of folkloristics are used as the main research methods. Results. Four main groups of legends about Genghis Khan have been identified, each of which corresponds to a specific plot-motivic structure and a set of mythological ideas: legends about the wonderful biography of Genghis Khan, about Genghis Khan as a cultural hero, toponymic and genealogical legends with the participation of Genghis Khan. Conclusions. It can be concluded that the memory of Genghis Khan in the folklore tradition of the Mongolian peoples was formed on the basis of traditional ideas about the first ancestors-demiurges — cultural heroes, which included the legendary ruler. Living in some “primordial time” and possessing a wonderful, atypical — as befits a mythological hero — biography, he masters, transforms and signifies the world around him, creates important cultural objects, performs actions that will later turn into customs and rituals, gives rise to modern ethnic groups and dynasties, in general — lays the foundations of the existing world order. Most of the real details of Genghis Khan's life were beyond the scope of these mythological ideas, and his folklore image and biography were composed mainly of a set of traits and motives traditionally attributed to heroes of this type.
Поселение Киракле-Тобе. Новый памятник эпохи средневековья в дельте реки Волга
Authors:   LLC “Archeocenter” (apt. 15, 2, Lenin Square, 414000 Astrakhan, Russian Federation), Kovalenko Alexandra V.
Published: December 2024

As a result of archaeological exploration in 2022 in the Astrakhan region, a new archaeological site was identified on the territory adjacent to the Bolda River. The object is located on the left bank of the river on the Baer knoll “Kirakle-Tobe”, previously known as the burial ground of the same name. During archaeological exploration, a large amount of raised material (fragments of ceramics and bones) and signs of a cultural layer, such as ash spots, numerous fragments of ceramic vessels, and bone fragments, were discovered on the surface of the knoll. Ceramic materials discovered during the examination of the Baer knoll “Kirakle-Tobe” find close analogies with archaeological sites of the pre-Saltovsky period of Seaside Dagestan of the 7th-8th centuries. (Verkhniy Chir-Yurt settlement, Adrey-aul settlement, Novokulinskoe settlement, etc.). The discovery of these materials in the Volga River delta region can be associated with the resettlement of the Khazar population as a result of increased Arab expansion in the first half of the 8th century, and also suggest a synchronous existence with the above-mentioned objects.
As a result of archaeological surveys in 2022, a new archaeological site was identified on the territory adjacent to the Bolda River — the settlement of Kirakle-Tobe, where artifacts were found that had not previously been found on the territory of the Astrakhan region. The object is located on the left bank of the river on a natural hill — the Barovsky hill of Kirakle-Tobe. During the exploration, a large amount of lifting material (fragments of ceramics, bones, stone, beads) was found on the surface of the hillock. Signs of a cultural layer are recorded on the entire surface of the hillock (including in outcrops and outbursts of norms of earthmoving animals): ashy spots, numerous fragments of ceramic vessels, fragments of bones. Pit No. 1 was laid on the hillock, which discovered an economic pit and part of a large excavation. The materials found in the pit correlate with the finds on the surface of the hillock, which allows us to speak about the unity of the complex. The ceramic materials obtained during the examination of the Kirakle-Tobe hillock find close analogies with the monuments of the pre-Salt time of Primorsky Dagestan of the 7th –8th centuries. (Upper Chir-Yurt settlement, Adreyaul settlement, Novokulinsky settlement, etc.). The penetration of such materials into the delta of the Volga River can be attributed both to the result of the resettlement of the Khazar population as a result of increased Arab expansion in the first half of the 8th century, and to assume a synchronous existence with the above-mentioned objects.
К вопросу о технологии изготовления украшений парадной конской упряжи позднесарматского времени из кургана 1 могильника Гремячий III на Нижнем Дону
Authors:   Institute of Archeology of the RAS (19, Dmitry Ulyanov St., 117292 Moscow, Russian Federation), Demidenko Sergey V. , Gushchina Anastasia A. ,   Volgograd State Social and Pedagogical University (27, Lenin Ave., 400005 Volgograd, Russian Federation),   Institute of Archeology of the RAS (19, Dmitry Ulyanov St., 117292 Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the technology for making two types of jewelry-pendants of ceremonial horse harness from a military burial of the late Sarmatian period, mound 1 of the Gremyachiy III burial ground. Comparative analysis of structural elements, techniques for applying ornaments to horse harness decorations from the burials of the Sarmatian and Bosporan nobility of the mid-3rd – 4th centuries. AD, as well as women’s jewelry (bracelets) from the burial grounds of the South-Western Crimea, allows us to assert that, despite the stylistic similarity of the objects, in each case the manufacturing process was individual in nature. It was determined, on the one hand, by the functional purpose of the product (decorating horse harness or decorating women’s clothing), on the other hand, by the presence of certain artistic traditions and professional skills of the craftsman. In addition, even if the decorations were intended for one set of horse harness, the methods for making them could differ in detail
История регионально-демографического развития китайской северо-восточной провинции Цзилинь (1949–1979 гг.)
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the RAS (6, Fotieva St., 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation), Makeeva Svetlana B.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The history of regional and demographic development of Jilin Province in Northeast China from 1949 to 1979 comprises a number of socioeconomic and urban/spatial changes in the demographic potential of the strategically important border territory. Goals. The paper shall consider some peculiar features of economic processes in the evolution of Jilin Province from 1949 to 1979; identify key trends in ethnic, urban/spatial, and migration processes; determine the causes and consequences of high fertility, low mortality, and a younger age population structure in Jilin Province during the period under review. Materials and methods. The article employs quite a variety of sources on China’s historical demography: population censuses, statistical collections, materials of five-year plans. The synchronous and statistical historical methods have proven most instrumental. Results. The thirty years following the founding of the People’s Republic of China (1949) witnessed an economic strengthening of the strategically important border province. The shaping of its production infrastructure dominated by automotive, petrochemical, fuel and energy, coal, and metallurgical industries did have positive impacts on the demographic situation. Over the thirty years, its population increased by 11,761 thousand people, so did the number of marriages, and the population structure was characterized by a prevalence of the younger generation. The then spatial and urban changes in Jilin would take into account some ethnic characteristics and industrial potential ― never to essentially solve the food problem (through preservation of arable lands). All these factors paved the path to the one-child policy. Conclusions. Jilin’s regional and demographic development from 1949 to 1979 was characterized by increased birth and decreased mortality rates, rapid population growth and that of urban areas, accelerated urbanization, and migrations from other provinces to industrial, forest and rural territories of Jilin.
Калмыки-казаки в этнической политике в сфере образования администрации Войска Донского (XIX – начало XX в.)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Maksimov Konstantin N.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article analyzes ethnic-specific educational policy adopted by the Tsarist Government and administrative bodies of Don Host Oblast towards Kalmyks Cossacks from the 1830s to the October Revolution. Goals. The paper shall step by step investigate the mentioned policy of imperial and Don Host agencies, describe how the network of educational institutions would unfold in Kalmyk and Salsky districts throughout the identified period. Materials and methods. The study rests on the principles of objectivity and historicism, employs tools of comparative analysis. It focuses on a variety of newly introduced archival materials and collections from Reference Books of Don Host Oblast for the years 1885–1915. Results. The work provides a historical review of the educational system across Kalmyk-inhabited stanitsas: the year 1839 was marked by the opening of Kalmyk Congregational School, and by the early twentieth century there were a number of institutions (including female ones) in virtually all stanitsas and most khutors of Salsky District. Furthermore, Kalmyk children would attend other public-funded educational organizations of Don Host Oblast, such as Military and Vocational School, railroad and non-classical colleges, gymnasiums. The paper pays particular attention to the teaching staff and literacy evaluations among children of Kalmyk Cossacks. Conclusions. The Don Host administrative office did join efforts with Buddhist clerics, Ministry of War, and Ministry of Public Education to develop a network of educational institutions in Kalmyk settlements and enhance literacy among Kalmyk Cossacks. This served a key adaptation factor for ethnic Kalmyks within the Don Host and its community.
Рыбный промысел Астраханской губернии в описаниях путешественников и участников экспедиций Петербургской академии наук XVIII в.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kurapov Andrey A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article analyzes some characteristics of eighteenth-century fish production, processing, and ichthyofauna of the Lower Volga traced in notes and reports of travelers (Cornelis de Bruijn, John Bell) and St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences expeditionists (P. S. Pallas, I. I. Lepekhin, S. G. Gmelin, J. A. Güldenstädt, J. P. Falck, N. Ya. Ozeretskovsky), including papers from Collection 394 (‘Astrakhan Governorate Chancellery’) of the State Archive of Astrakhan Oblast. Materials and methods. The work uses the method of comparative historical analysis to investigate the published notes of travelers, research papers of academic expeditionists, and unpublished archival files of Collection 394 containing descriptions and analyses of the then fishing industry in the Lower Volga, and dealing with arrangements that preceded those academic expeditions in the mid-to-late eighteenth century (in particular, ones headed by S. G. Gmelin and J. P. Falck) across Astrakhan Governorate in close cooperation with regional authorities. Conclusions. Our insights into a variety of published sources and unpublished documents discovered in Collection 394 of the Archive attest to comprehensive descriptions of Astrakhan fisheries were first made by members of academic expeditions in accordance with duly assigned tasks and through the support of regional executives. Notes by chiefs of ‘physical expeditions’ make it possible to localize and characterize key areas of fish production in the region, identify some prominent fishery owners, determine the actual fish species’ range, production volumes and incomes, tools and methods of fishing.
О китайских переводах прагматических маркеров-аппроксиматоров русской повседневной речи (на материале речи персонажей в художественных текстах)
Authors:   St Petersburg State University (11, Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St Petersburg, Russian Federation), Yanan Xiang , Bogdanova-Beglarian Natalia V. ,   St Petersburg State University (11, Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Character speech in literary fiction is quasi-spontaneous, and is supposed to resemble mere conversational narratives. To facilitate this, the authors turn to the use of — along with other colloquialisms and tools — pragmatic approximator markers that are to show the speaker’s uncertainty in what he/she is talking about. Such typical markers in Russian are as follows: типа, или там, как бы, вроде (and their structural variations). Presence of the functional units makes character speech more natural but may pose significant difficulties for translators who are forced to look for adequate analogues in the target language. Goals. The study seeks to analyze the identified methods of translating pragmatic approximator markers contained in Russian literary texts — into Chinese. Materials and methods. The paper focuses on 21 contexts from 10 Russian narratives included in the main section of Russian National Corpus and their Chinese translations. The employed methodology comprises targeted sampling, contextual, comparative, and discursive analyses. Results. It has been revealed that the markers traced across examined character speech patterns do correspond to authentic colloquial Russian units, i. e. they perform the main function of approximation, often combined with those of hesitation, xeno-narration (to introduce someone else’s speech into narrative), and delimitation (to mark a beginning, continuation or final part of phrase). Moreover, Russian approximator markers are often used together with other pragmatic units to form various pragmatic chains, which essentially complicates the translator’s tasks. Conclusions. Our analysis shows the most successful method — although a very rare one — is omission of an approximator marker and articulation of its message with other words (4.3 %). The marker is quite often (17.4 %) simply ignored, which by all means significantly changes a character’s speech portrait. And in most cases (78.3%), the marker is translated with meaningful words, closest to the examined markers being some introductory words denoting approximation (47.8 %), and remotest — literal translations characterized by complete loss of meaning (4.3 %). All in all, no completely successful Russian-to-Chinese translation of pragmatic approximator markers has been found. The obtained data pose a problem of identifying pragmatic approximator markers in the Chinese language and establishing bilingual correspondences for such units.
Улус Ильчикдай в империи эмира Тимура
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University (36, Lenin Av., 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation), Abdumanapov Rustam A. , Sabitov Zhaxylyk M. ,   Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies (15Б, Pushkin St., 010008 Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The history of the empire of Amir Timur and domains ruled by his descendants has been subject to many studies dealing with political history, administrative-military system, tribes and clans, social structure and other aspects. However, the history of Ilchikdai Ulus — a largest military-nomadic domain of the empire which served a stronghold in the shaping of Amir Timur’s state and his empire — has remained beyond the scope of researchers’ interests. Goals. The paper attempts an analytical insight into a variety of sources to trace the formation processes of Ilchikdai Ulus in the empire of Amir Timur and examine its history. Materials. The study employs a number of sources relating both to the history of Amir Timur’s empire and that of the tribes to have been part of the domain under consideration — the Durbat, Nukus, Kipchak, and Naiman. The sources include as follows: The Book of Victories by Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi, Mu’izz al-ansab, Shams al-husn by Khoja Taj ad-Din Salmani, Muntahab at-tawarikh-i Mu‛ini by Mu‛in ad-din Natanzi, Zubdat al-Tavarikh by Hafiz-i Abru, History of Yuan (Yuán Shǐ), Bahr al-asrar fi manakib al-akhyar by Mahmud ibn Vali, The Secret History of the Mongols (Yuáncháo Mìshǐ), The Compendium of Chronicles by Rashid al-Din, Habib-us-siyar by Ghiyath al-Din Khvandamir, Zayn al-akhbar by Abū Saʿīd ʿAbd-al-Ḥayy ibn Żaḥḥāk ibn Maḥmūd Gardīzī and others. The principle of historicism proves instrumental in depicting ethnocultural processes within Amir Timur’s empire and Ilchikdai Ulus throughout the specified period. Component analysis tools have been used to reveal key ethnogenetic problems in the study of clan and tribal relations. Results. Ilchikdai Ulus had been formed through the resettlement of the nomadic tribes of Durbats, Nukuzes, Kipchaks, and Naimans from the Irtysh deep into Chagatai Ulus by Khan Eljigidey (Ilchigidai) in the early fourteenth century. Conclusions. The shaping of the empire of Amir Timur — along with his native Barlas tribe — was most significantly contributed to by representatives of Ilchikdai Ulus who inter alia would serve as military and political elites — and enter the circle of his closest associates. Natives of Ilchikdai Ulus would form mighty clans that held highest positions in the empire.
Роль Пандито Камбы-ламы Лопсана-Чамзы в развитии духовности тувинского народа
Authors:   Tuvan State University (36, str. Lenina, 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation), Dorzhu Zoya Y. , Mongush Igor I. ,   Tuvan State University (36, str. Lenina, 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation), Shirap Regina O.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The year 2024 has witnessed a variety of jubilee events celebrating the 105th anniversary of the institution of Kamby-Lama of Tuva, which gives rise to an increased interest towards the personality of Ven. Lopsan-Chamzy — the first Kamby-Lama of Tuva — and key aspects of his political biography and spiritual path. Goals. The article seeks to introduce Ven. Lopsan-Chamzy to the public and attempts an evaluation of his role in the shaping of Tuvan spiritual life during a most difficult and important period of Tuva’s history. Materials and methods. The comprehensive review of the identified topic is based on a wide range of historical sources housed by the National Archive of the Tyva Republic, Tuvan Institute for Humanities and Applied Socioeconomic Research (Scientific Archives), Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Woodcuts (IMBT SB RAS). Classical Mongolian- and Tibetan-language documents have proved as useful in assessing the scale of Kamby-Lama Lopsan-Chamzy’s influence on Tuvan spiritual development. The paper tends to focus on the first Kamby-Lama’s origin, his spiritual education and guidance in the development of Ustuu-Khuree Monastery, the authority enjoyed by Ven. Lopsan-Chamzy across Western Tuva, and his high spiritual attainments. Results. The study shows the first Pandito Kamby-Lama of Tuva Lopsan-Chamzy was an important historical figure throughout the first quarter of the twentieth century, and remained a highly-educated monk who strictly and honestly observed the once taken vows. His authority and influence extended far beyond the walls of Ustuu-Khuree Monastery and lands of Western Tuva. The very existence of the Tibetan-language Prayer for the Long Life of Kamby-Lama Lopsan-Chamzy compiled by the Fourth Khunchen Kelsang ThuptenWangchuk actually attests to the former’s status as a highly realized spiritual master. Unfortunately, the life that he lived with dignity for the benefit of his people and further transmission of Buddhist teachings in Tuva tragically ended in 1930 as a result of political repression. Nonetheless, his name and exploits were never set to oblivion. On 25 July 2024, Head of the Tyva Republic Vladislav Khovalyg signed a decree on restoring the good name and perpetuating the memory of Ven. Ondar Lopsan-Chamzy, the first Pandito Kamby-Lama of Tuva.
Положение религиозных общин в Туве в контексте становления советской системы государственно-конфессиональных отношений в середине 1940-х гг.
Authors:   Altai State University (61, Lenin Ave., 656049 Barnaul, Russian Federation), Dashkovskiy Petr K. , Mongush Aylaana V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. In the direct aftermath of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet religious policy changed and initially started being characterized nationwide by somewhat mitigated attitudes towards faith movements and religion in general — only to experience another harder line soon. This is evidenced by historical facts at regional levels, including the events witnessed by the then Tuva. After the once independent Tuvan People’s Republic joined the Soviet Union as autonomous region of the RSFSR in 1944, it started being incorporated into the Soviet legal framework and regulated by Soviet legislation. Thus, the Buddhist, Orthodox Christian, Old Believer and Protestant communities of Tuvan Autonomous Oblast became objects of the post-war Soviet government’s religious policy. Goals. The article attempts a review of conditions experienced by Tuva’s faith communities in the context of the 1940s Soviet religious policy. Materials and methods. The study focuses on documents housed by the State Archive of Russia. The newly introduced archival materials cast light on some features inherent to relations between aforementioned communities and government agencies at national and regional levels. Special attention is given to activities of local religious associations and their clergy. Results. The complex, non-linear and ambiguous post-war religious policy aimed at using faith associations in the interests of government resulted in that only Orthodox Christians succeeded in obtaining official registration and the opportunity to conduct legal religious activities. The remaining believers — including the overwhelming Buddhist majority of Tuva — would fail to obtain any official permission for legal existence and had to operate illegally. The paper reviews available historical documents to partially restore the history of faith institutions and the chronology of corresponding events related to religious life across the region in the period under consideration.
Калмыцкий словник Ю. Г. Клапрота: графо-фонетический анализ графем а и ä
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin Str., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Doleeva Aisa O. , Kukanova Viktoria V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The dictionaries compiled by eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century travelers and missionaries are of particular importance for the study of the then living Kalmyk speech. Works authored by those travelers — including J. H. Klaproth — essentially contribute to the recording and study of Kalmyk, provide valuable insights into phonetic processes and language structures at large. Goals. The article attempts an analysis of grapho-phonetic features inherent to the vowels а and ä in Kalmyk words (and wordbooks) recorded from the Olot on the Volga and in Dzungaria by the German researcher Julius Heinrich von Klaproth. Materials. The study focuses on J. H. Klaproth’s word list contained in his Asia Polyglotta (1831) and republished by Gerhard Dörfer in Ältere Westeuropäische Quellen zür Kalmückischen Sprachgeschichte (1965). The to be analyzed wordbook in the form of a MS Excel table supplemented with modern Kalmyk spelling patterns and Russian translations was uploaded onto the LingvoDoc platform for subsequent investigation. Results. Our analysis of the graphemes a and ä in J. H. Klaproth’s wordbook resumes the vocabulary of Dzungaria’s Olots is closer to Proto-Mongolian forms, since it preserves those patterns that had undergone changes in the dialect spoken by Olots on the Volga. The vocabulary of Dzungaria’s Olots is characterized by that the law of vowel harmony is observed in most cases, though a number of isolated deviations from the norm can still be traced. Lexemes with the analyzed graphemes reflect both regular and innovative processes in the dialects, which indicates two separate dialects in the Oirat language used to co-exist, the latter be relatively close to each other but distinguished by specific features that generally distance them from modern Kalmyk dialects. Some design attributes attest to J. H. Klaproth devoted more time to the dialect of Dzungaria’s Olots, which is manifested in detailed stress marks and somewhat complete list of lexemes included, despite many of the latter are present in modern Kalmyk.
Relación entre funcionalidad familiar y depresión en adultos mayores en una clínica de primer nivel
Authors: Rosales-Peña Arlem K. , González-Domínguez Ricardo , González Pedraza-Avilés Alberto
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: analizar la relación de la percepción de la funcionalidad familiar con la depresión en el adulto mayor con diversas patologías. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, participaron 250 pacientes de 60 años o más adscritos a la Clínica de Medicina Familiar Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado. Se aplicó el cuestionario de Yesavage para diagnóstico de depresión y el test de funcionamiento familiar ff-sil. Para relacionar ambas variables se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis debido al nivel ordinal y politómico de la variable independiente. El nivel de significancia estadística fue <0.05 para rechazar hipótesis nula. Resultados: la mediana de edad fue de 72 años, 62.4% pertenecía al sexo femenino. En funcionalidad familiar, 5.2% tenía una familia disfuncional y ninguno presentó disfuncionalidad grave. Respecto a la depresión, 9.6% presentó síntomas moderados y graves. En el análisis de la relación entre las variables de funcionalidad familiar y diagnóstico de depresión, se obtuvo significancia estadística (p<0.0001). En 84.6% de los pacientes con disfunción familiar se presentó algún grado de depresión, mientras que, en las familias funcionales la depresión se presentó en 17.4% de los pacientes. En la relación entre las mismas variables, considerando las comorbilidades diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, alteración de la próstata, insuficiencia venosa, dislipidemia y osteoartrosis, en todos los casos se presentó significancia estadística independientemente si presentaron o no la patología. Por el contrario, en los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer, disfunción tiroidea, trastorno del sueño y evento vascular cerebral no se obtuvo significancia estadística entre las variables cuando los pacientes presentaron la patología. Conclusión: se obtuvo relación con significancia estadística entre los niveles de funcionalidad familiar y la presencia de depresión en la población en general, y para la mayoría de las comorbilidades, independientemente que la condición estuviera o no presente. Sin embargo, en patologías como la disfunción tiroidea, el evento vascular cerebral, el cáncer y los trastornos del sueño, cuando la patología estuvo presente, no se obtuvo significancia estadística entre las variables.
Católicos, ¿monárquicos? El Segundo Imperio Mexicano juzgado por La Voz de México y El Tiempo, 1876-1888
Authors: Rodríguez Ávila Adán
Published: December 2024

En este artículo se ahonda en el juicio de dos periódicos católicos sobre las ideas monárquicas y el Segundo Imperio Mexicano, desde la historia política. La Voz de México y El Tiempo se fundaron tres y dieciséis años después del triunfo de 1867, respectivamente; vivieron sus secuelas mientras elaboraban sus propuestas políticas frente al nuevo régimen. El texto tiene como principales objetivos establecer si hubo entre los católicos posteriores al Imperio una supervivencia del monarquismo —como aseguraban los liberales— e identificar el juicio que realizaron sobre el gobierno de Maximiliano. La hipótesis sugiere que estos temas contribuyeron a la formación de las posturas políticas de estos diarios. Analizar las formas de gobierno y separarse de los imperiales fueron estrategias para consolidar su presencia en el escenario político. Las conclusiones apuntan a que el monarquismo no fue una parte importante del ideario de los periódicos, que formaron una postura política “católica”, separada de los partidos tradicionales.
Sign Language Detection Using Deep Learning
Authors: R N Pushpa
Published: December 2024

Sign language recognition is an essential tool for bridging communication gaps between individuals with hearing or
speech impairments and the broader community. This study introduces an advanced sign language recognition system
leveraging computer vision and machine learning techniques. The system utilizes real-time hand tracking and gesture
recognition to identify and classify hand gestures associated with common phrases such as "Hello," "I love you," and "Thank
you." A two-step approach is implemented: first, a data collection module captures hand images using a robust preprocessing
pipeline, ensuring uniformity in image size and quality; second, a classification module uses a trained deep learning model to
accurately predict gestures in real-time. The framework integrates OpenCV for image processing, CVZone modules for hand
detection, and TensorFlow for gesture classification. Extensive testing demonstrates the system's capability to process live video
input, classify gestures accurately, and display corresponding labels seamlessly. This solution addresses challenges in gesture
recognition, such as variable hand shapes and dynamic backgrounds, through efficient preprocessing and model training. By
offering a scalable and efficient design, this work has the potential to contribute significantly to assistive technologies and
accessible communication systems, paving the way for further advancements in human-computer interaction and inclusive
technology.
Динамика плиты покрытия заглубленного сооружения при варьировании жесткости ее опор
Authors: Алексейцев А. В.
Published: December 2024

Изучено влияние процента армирования и класса прочности бетона по сжатию на устойчивость железобетонных элементов при различных соотношениях продольной силы и крутящего момента. Для целей исследования использовано численно-аналитическое решение для стержневых железобетонных элементов, учитывающее изменение жесткости при комбинированном действии продольной сжимающей силы и крутящего момента с учетом нелинейной связи между напряжениями и деформациями по Model Code и изменения прочности и деформативности бетона при сложном напряженно-деформированном состоянии по модели Г.А. Гениева. Для исследуемых железобетонных элементов построены границы области устойчивости при комбинированном действии продольной сжимающей силы и крутящего момента. Показано, что при комбинированном нагружении продольной силой и крутящим моментом для малых значений продольной силы N следует ожидать разрушение от потери прочности сечений при действии крутящего момента Mt. Для подверженных сжатию с кручением элементов из бетонов разных классов прочности по сжатию, но с близкими значениями эффективного процента армирования αs установлено снижение безразмерной продольной силы αn и безразмерного крутящего момента αm по мере роста класса прочности бетона.
Перераспределения усилий в статически неопределимых корродированных железобетонных балках
Authors: Тамразян А. Г.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассмотрены вопросы перераспределения изгибающих моментом в статически неопределимых корродированных железобетонных балках. Отмечено, что способность железобетонной балки поворачиваться имеет решающее значение как для эксплуатационных, так и для предельных состояний, поскольку она влияет на прогиб, перераспределение моментов и поглощение энергии. Разработана математическая модель, прогнозирующая коэффициент перераспределения моментов. Перераспределение моментов позволяет балке приспособляться к изменяющимся условиям, вызванным коррозией, и обеспечивает ее структурную устойчивость. Приведен метод расчета перераспределения моментов в корродированной статически неопределимой железобетонной балке. Этот метод предполагает использование механизма поворота жесткого тела (RB), который позволяет рассчитать момент на основе сил и локального поворота сечения, что подходит для определения фактического момента в корродированном сечении балки.
“Renovando relações para inventar tradições”: autoridade e legitimidade no sufismo marroquino
Authors: Bartel Bruno Ferraz
Published: December 2024

Este texto visa indagar os fluxos de dominação desenvolvidos por adeptos do sufismo marroquino. Para tal, procuro compreender a reestruturação do centro ritual da confraria sufi Hamdouchiya, localizada na cidade de Safi, no litoral sul do Marrocos. Esse processo de reorganização é examinado por meio das ações de três indivíduos que desempenham funções específicas dentro da confraria. Esta pesquisa se baseia na análise de dados etnográficos produzidos no Marrocos entre 2016 e 2017. O centro ritual, ao criar um tipo de arranjo particular, estabeleceu um fluxo criativo que se diferencia do modelo clássico de autoridade e legitimidade centrado na figura do mestre, um elemento fundamental na caracterização das dinâmicas do sufismo de maneira geral. Assim, ao analisar o caso etnográfico proposto, sugere-se que outros fatores estão em jogo tais como o grau de interação e a natureza das afinidades exercidas entre os agentes. Essa combinação de elementos ou características de dominação pode ser útil para evidenciar o significado dos projetos realizados na zawiya de Safi. A convergência entre saberes consolidados (dominação tradicional) e a adesão afetiva (dominação carismática) em torno de lideranças locais especializadas era essencial para organizar um campo de relações que, inicialmente, poderia competir por certa proeminência ou monopólio.
Teaching American Studies within Intellectual History (idéhistoria)
Authors: Östlund David
Published: December 2024

This article reflects on the author’s experience of creating and teaching a set of courses with North American themes within the academic discipline of idéhistoria, intellectual history, at a Swedish university. It stresses the value of an area studies approach for training students in “a researcher’s way to see and work” within this discipline. The more courses with themes from the US (and Canada) become “American studies,” the better they contribute to prepare students to think about past thought in a way that defines the task of idéhistoria (in the author’s opinion), namely a strictly contextualist approach. The article offers some examples of this. The fact that much about the US is familiar to Swedish students creates opportunities to understand past thought historically by exploring contexts that gradually make apparently familiar things less familiar, thus allowing them to be understood in unfamiliar ways. The courses have also become exercises in linguistic and cultural translation from American English, as a language that is fairly familiar to most Swedish students becomes more complex in their perception, with meanings and bearings shifting in time and space.
Let the Students Map Canadian Studies: Exploring Stereotypes of Canada
Authors: Premat Christophe
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the perceptions and stereotypes of Canada held by students in Nordic, Scandinavian, and Baltic countries participating in Canadian studies courses. Drawing upon eighty-seven papers submitted between 2021 and 2023, the study employs lexicometric analysis to discern recurring “othering” strategies employed by students. The interdisciplinary nature of the Canadian studies course, blending literature, history, and political science, aims to equip students with the knowledge necessary to examine the nuances of the Canadian social model. By examining cultural stereotypes, the study redefines Canadian studies as an integral component of (North) American studies, highlighting the importance of challenging initial representations and fostering critical thinking. Findings reveal students’ engagement in the process of othering, reflecting on Canadian identity, multiculturalism, and the integration of First Nations. The study underscores the significance of pedagogical interventions in creating spaces for transformation and critical reflection. Ultimately, it demonstrates the potential of area studies to assist students in structuring academic texts and encourages further exploration of themes related to memorial policies and reconciliation in courses on Canadian studies.
The Dream House of American Culture: Archives of the Self, Visions of the Future
Authors: Drizou Myrto
Published: December 2024

In this essay, I argue that American literature and culture help students draw more expansive geographies of their selves and more articulate narratives of their experiences. Using Carmen Maria Machado’s memoir In the Dream House as an example, I show how students are empowered to make meaningful connections between the personal and the political, and how they are encouraged to reflect on their “home” identities, especially with regard to race, class, sexuality, and gender. This text—graphic, raw, and challenging to read—fosters courageous conversations that illustrate what American studies can offer, namely an archive of struggle, a context of representation, and a space of community for our students.
PENCETUS INDIVIDUALISME DALAM KESUSASTERAAN MELAYU?: PENELITIAN BERDASARKAN SOROTAN LITERATUR BERSISTEMATIK THE CULMINATION OF INDIVIDUALISM IN MALAY LITERATURE?: A STUDY BASED ON A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Syamimi Yusof Nadia , Hamdan Rahima Hamdan , Raja Jaafar Raja Faris Hakimi , Muhammad Salmah Jan Noor
Published: December 2024

Kesusasteraan Melayu Tradisional amat menitikberatkan kepengarangan yang bersifat kolektif iaitu karya yang dihasilkan adalah milik masyarakatnya. Ini menyebabkan kebanyakan karya yang dihasilkan tiada diletakkan nama pengarang. Apatah lagi, kerja-kerja kepengarangan ini dinaungi oleh raja yang menyebabkan pengarang tiada hak meletakkan namanya pada karya yang dihasilkan. Keterbatasan ini juga menyebabkan karya yang dihasilkan perlulah bersifat ‘istana centric’ dan tanpa luahan perspektif pengarangnya secara terbuka. Namun, kolonialisasi Barat telah meleraikan situasi ini menerusi pengenalan Munshi Abdullah yang mengarang menurut perspektifnya sendiri tanpa dikongkong oleh raja dan pemerintah. Bermula dari sinilah, konsep individualisme diperkenalkan dalam kepengarangan Melayu yang nyata bertentangan dengan konvensi sedia ada. Nama Munshi Abdullah kemudiannya dinobatkan sebagai pencetus kemodenan dalam kesusasteraan Melayu menerusi konsep‘individualisme’ dalam karya yang dihasilkan. Penobatan ini mendapat sanggahan daripada beberapa sarjana dengan meletakkan Hamzah Fansuri sebagai tokoh yang lebih awal memperkenalkan konsep itu iaitu sejak abad ke-17 Masihi. Sanggahan ini bertambah hebat apabila muncul dua kelompok sarjana yang menyokong tokoh-tokoh ini sebagai pemula konsep ‘individualisme’ dalam kepengarangan Melayu dengan justifikasi yang tersendiri. Ini mencetuskan satu pencarian sorotan kajian yang komprehensif perlu dilakukan terhadap penobatan dua tokoh ini agar dapat menjelaskan siapakah tokoh yang lebih dominan mendapat sokongan para sarjana berhubung konsep yang dipertikaikan. Metodologi kajian adalah berasaskan standard PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) menggunakan dua pangkalan data utama iaitu Scopus dan Google Scholar. Sejumlah sembilan artikel telah dipilih bagi mewakili dua perspektif di atas. Dapatan kajian mendapati Munshi Abdullah lebih popular sebagai tokoh terawal yang menerapkan konsep individualisme dalam kepengarangannya. Natijahnya berdasarkan sorotan kajian lalu, rata-rata penjelasan mengenai siapakah tokoh terawal yang membawa konsep tersebut adalah tidak penting berbanding bagaimanakah konsep itu diterapkan dalam kepengarangan mereka demi memberi sumbangan baharu kepada kepada masyarakat.