bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The lesser of two evils: the role of an instream barrier to control the distribution and invasive potential of non-native fish species in the Mooi River, South Africa
Authors: Burnett Matthew J. , Hanzen Céline , Whitehead Alex , O’Brien Gordon C. , Downs Colleen T.
Published: August 2023

Context Recreational angling has a history of species introductions causing significant loss of native biodiversity. Despite this, it represents a large economy supporting many livelihoods. The Mooi River, South Africa, supports trout fisheries in its upper reach. A weir was constructed to mitigate the loss of a natural barrier, now inundated by a large impoundment. Aims We evaluated the Inchbrakie Weir’s efficacy in restricting movement of non-native fish. Methods We evaluated the weir as a fish barrier by using fish surveys. We used species distribution modelling to assess the potential for bass to invade the upper reaches should they make their way past the barrier. Key results Our surveys detected three bass species in the study area, including Micropterus salmoides upstream of the fish barrier. Micropterus dolomieu was the main concern with the highest invasion potential, but was not found upstream of the fish barrier. Distribution modelling showed that suitable habitat was available for all three detected bass species, with M. salmoides showing the greatest potential in the upper Mooi River. Implications Invasion by Micropterus spp. concerns the local trout fishery and native fauna persistence. We suggest a long-term continuous monitoring plan to detect the early invasion of M. dolomieu and that a pre-emptive management plan is in place.
Quasi-equilibrium state based quantification of biological macromolecules in single-molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Chen Xuecheng , Li Yaqian , Li Xiaowei , Sun Jielin , Czajkowsky Daniel M , Shao Zhifeng
Published: August 2023

The stoichiometry of molecular components within supramolecular biological complexes is often an important property to understand their biological functioning, particularly within their native environment. While there are well established methods to determine stoichiometry in vitro, it is presently challenging to precisely quantify this property in vivo, especially with single molecule resolution that is needed for the characterization stoichiometry heterogeneity. Previous work has shown that optical microscopy can provide some information to this end, but it can be challenging to obtain highly precise measurements at higher densities of fluorophores. Here we provide a simple approach using already established procedures in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to enable precise quantification of stoichiometry within individual complexes regardless of the density of fluorophores. We show that by focusing on the number of fluorophore detections accumulated during the quasi equilibrium-state of this process, this method yields a 50-fold improvement in precision over values obtained from images with higher densities of active fluorophores. Further, we show that our method yields more correct estimates of stoichiometry with nuclear pore complexes and is easily adaptable to quantify the DNA content with nanodomains of chromatin within individual chromosomes inside cells. Thus, we envision that this straightforward method may become a common approach by which SMLM can be routinely employed for the accurate quantification of subunit stoichiometry within individual complexes within cells.
Carbon dots derived from citric acid and urea as fluorometric probe for determining melamine contamination in infant formula sample
Authors: Phimmasone Souliyanh , Boonsri Pornthip , Siangproh Weena , Ratanawimarnwong Nuanlaor , Jittangprasert Piyada , Mantim Thitirat , Limchoowong Nunticha , Songsrirote Kriangsak
Published: August 2023

Melamine has been intentionally added into food products to increase the protein count at less cost, especially in dairy products for infant resulting in serious adverse effects on health of consumers. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a method to quantify melamine in dairy products based on the change of fluorescent properties of carbon dots (CDs) as sensing probe. CDs with green-fluorescent emission were synthesized from citric acid and urea under microwave irradiation. The synthesized CDs emitted fluorescence at the maximum wavelength of 538 nm with excitation wavelength of 410 nm. Thus, they provided high sensitivity and selectivity on melamine detection by which fluorescent emission of the CDs was increasingly quenched upon increasing melamine concentrations. Optimal conditions for melamine determination using the CDs was under pH 6, volume ratio between CDs and sample of 2:8 and reaction time of 15 min. The developed method provided high precision of melamine determination with less than 5% of %RSD (n = 5), wide detection range from 1.0 to 200.0 ppm, and high sensitivity with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.47 ppm and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.56 ppm, which is within the regulated level by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States for melamine in dairy products. Several analytical characterization techniques were conducted to elucidate the reaction mechanism between CDs and melamine, and the hydrogen bonding interaction was proposed.
A systematic framework to improve the digital green innovation performance of photovoltaic materials for building energy system
Authors: Hu Chengli , Sun Tongtong , Yin Shi , Yin Jiayi
Published: August 2023

Under the current ‘double carbon’ policy, the building materials manufacturing industry has seriously restricted the improvement of social and environmental benefits. Digital green innovation (DGI) in photovoltaic building materials enterprises (PBMES) plays a crucial role in solving the problems of high-quality environmental and economic development. In order to make the DGI of PBMES more effective, it is very critical to evaluate the performance of the DGI activities of PBMES. First, the evaluation index system is constructed. Then, it constructs the theoretical framework of the DGI performance evaluation of PBMES. After that, on the basis of combining various evaluation methods, a combination evaluation model based on compatibility and consistency was constructed and the convergence test and consistency test of the combination evaluation results were carried out by means of the variance method and Spearman rank correlation coefficient, which verified the scientificity and validity of the method. Finally, using the evaluation model, 16 PBMES were empirically studied. It reflected that the DGI performance evaluation index system of PBMES is composed of four indexes, namely, technology input, economic output, scientific and technological output, and social effect. The key factors affecting the DGI performance of PBMES are the investment in talent training, the proportion of digital technology in green products, the success rate of digital innovation product development increased by DGI cooperation, and the digital level of adopting environmental management system. This article combines consistency-based evaluation methods to not only obtain reasonable evaluation results, but also fully utilize multi-level methods to better describe the evaluation object. The means provided in this article are a new way to solve the DGI performance evaluation of PBMES.
Numerical and experimental investigation of the droplet size for MQL aerosol under different operating parameters with Flow visualization
Authors: Jadhav Prasad A , Deivanathan R
Published: August 2023

Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is a sustainable machining process in which oil and air are mixed to form a spray that can be directed to the cutting zone. MQL spray factors like droplet size and velocity and their effect on machining remain unclear, especially when employing diverse oils and operating settings. Mist formation factors determine how well spray droplets lubricate the targeted area during machining. Numerical and Experimental studies were conducted with different values for MQL parameters like cutting oil type, air pressure and oil flow rate, to establish the best possible combination to give the ideal droplet size and surface roughness. The study utilized three types of oils and varied air pressures to evaluate the cooling effectiveness of MQL spray during end milling operations. Experimental droplet size and velocity measurements were obtained using ‘Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA)’ and ‘Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)’ techniques. A numerical model within ANSYS Fluent software, employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD), predicted spray flow properties and was validated using PIV data. Raising the air pressure decreased the droplet size, while increasing velocity to achieve greater overall speed and enhanced lubrication in the cutting region. Changing the coolant flow rate or the compressed air pressure affected the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of oil particles. The research showed that increasing air pressure from 1 bar to 3 bar reduced surface roughness by 55.40 percent and SMD by 24.58 percent for 120V oil. Among the three cutting oils tested, the 120V oil achieved the lowest surface roughness at 0.227μm under specific conditions: a flow rate of 150 ml hr−1, pressure of 3 bars, and SMD of 35.5 μm. These findings provide valuable insights into improving MQL efficiency for machining operations.
Performance analysis of different transformer-less inverter topologies for grid-connected PV systems
Authors: Alam Md Aftab , Prasad S V A V , Asim Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Transformerless Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are gaining popularity compared to their transformer-based counterparts. They are more efficient, cost-effective, and smaller in volume. Despite this, parasitic capacitance causes the common mode current to flow between the PV array and the grid. In addition to losses, leakage current increases electromagnetic interference (EMI) and poses issues to the protection system. Transformerless inverters should therefore be so designed that the leakage current is minimized. Common mode voltage changes (VCM) causes the leakage current. There are a number of PV inverter topologies that have been designed to minimize these variations. This paper discusses H4, H5 and HERIC single-phase PV inverter topologies. Circuit simulations have been used for analysis. HERIC Topology is best one of these since it reduces the leakage current with lowest power loss due to ac bypass instead of usual dc side decoupling. It is a type of resonant converter that operates at high frequencies to achieve efficient power conversion. In this work comparison has been made between topologies for their effectiveness in reducing leakage current. Moreover, its variation with load has been studied, a perspective missed in other studies.
Investigation of physical, Di-electric and hydrophobicity properties of roystonea regia/banana fibre polyester composites in both alkali treated and untreated conditions
Authors: Anand H R , Goud Govardhan , Kuldeep B
Published: August 2023

Natural fibre-based hybrid composites have attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to their potential as environmentally friendly substitutes for synthetic fibres. When two or more types of natural fibres are combined to form a hybrid, the resulting material can have novel electrical properties. The study of Roystonea Regia fibre with other natural fibres as hybridization is very scarce, so in this context, the physical, di-electric and hydrophobicity properties of Roystonea Regia/Banana fibre hybrid composites have been studied. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the dielectric strength, hardness, and hydrophobicity of polyester composites reinforced with a hybrid of Roystonea-Regia fibres and banana fibres in both treated and untreated conditions. This goal is reached through the fabrication of hybrid composites with varying proportions via the hand-lay-up technique and subsequent testing. The composition of 15% Roystonea-Regia alkali-treated polyester composites has a dielectric strength of 2.5 kV mm−1 in air, which is much lower than that of the untreated composites, which is 12.2 kV mm−1. Due to the increase in soaking time, percentage of hydroxyl group in treated fibres increases, which in turn reduced the dielectric strength. And also, the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity vary with the change in frequency. The alkali-treated fibre shows an increase in Shore D hardness when compared with the untreated fibres. The highest contact angle of 88.85° for 10% Roystonea-Regia fibre and 5% Banana fibre was observed, whereas the lowest contact angle of 65.14° was observed for 5% Roystonea-Regia fibre and 10% Banana fibre.
Actin- and microtubule-based motors contribute to clathrin-independent endocytosis in yeast
Authors: Woodard Thaddeus K. , Rioux Daniel J. , Prosser Derek C.
Published: August 2023

Most eukaryotic cells utilize clathrin-mediated endocytosis as well as multiple clathrin-independent pathways to internalize proteins and membranes. Although clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been studied extensively and many machinery proteins have been identified, clathrin-independent pathways remain poorly characterized by comparison. We previously identified the first known yeast clathrin-independent endocytic pathway, which relies on the actin-modulating GTPase Rho1, the formin Bni1 and unbranched actin filaments, but does not require the clathrin coat or core clathrin machinery proteins. In this study, we sought to better understand clathrin-independent endocytosis in yeast by exploring the role of myosins as actin-based motors, because actin is required for endocytosis in yeast. We find that Myo2, which transports secretory vesicles, organelles and microtubules along actin cables to sites of polarized growth, participates in clathrin-independent endocytosis. Unexpectedly, the ability of Myo2 to transport microtubule plus ends to the cell cortex appears to be required for its role in clathrin-independent endocytosis. In addition, dynein, dynactin, and proteins involved in cortical microtubule capture are also required. Thus, our results suggest that interplay between actin and microtubules contributes to clathrin-independent internalization in yeast.
The effects of a salutogenic strength-based intervention on sense of coherence and health outcomes of dementia family carers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yu Doris Sau Fung , Cheng Sheung-Tak , Chow Estlher Oi-Wah , Kwok Timothy , McCormack Brendan , Wu Wenmiao
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Dementia caregiving is associated with notable impacts on the health of family carers. Although sense of coherence (SOC), as a core dimension of inner strength, has been found to have health-protecting effects in stressful encounters, few studies have designed a strength-based intervention to optimise SOC and thereby the health of carers.

Objectives

To identify the effects of a strength-based intervention on SOC, coping, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), perceived burden and depression among Chinese family carers of people with dementia and to examine whether the health effects, if any, are mediated through an enhanced SOC and effective coping.

Design

A double-blind randomised controlled trial comparing a strengths-based intervention with a general education control.

Intervention

A 14-session strengths-based intervention which combined the use of narrative and empowerment strategies to support the carers of people with dementia to optimise the use of their generalised resistance resources in coping with the caregiving situation.

Setting

Older people community centres in Hong Kong.

Results

A total of 350 family carers participated in the study (mean age: 65.0 (SD = 12.3); female: 84.6%). Participants who received the strength-based intervention reported significantly greater improvements in their SOC, mental health, perceived burden and depression, than those in the education group, over a 22-week evaluation period. Path analysis models revealed that an SOC wholly mediated the relationship between the strength-based intervention and mental HRQoL (covering energy/vitality and psychosocial functioning) and partially mediated the relationship between the strength-based intervention and depression. We did not identify any harm from the intervention.

Conclusion

A strength-based intervention is effective in improving the perceived burden and mental health of family caregivers of persons with dementia, and an SOC plays an important role in accounting for the mental health benefits.

Trial registration

The trial was registered in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (Main ID: ChiCTR-IIC-17011097).
Differential patterns of within- and between-population genetically based trait variation in Lupinus angustifolius
Authors: Poyatos Cristina , Sacristán-Bajo Sandra , Tabarés Pablo , Prieto-Benítez Samuel , Teso María Luisa Rubio , Torres Elena , Morente-López Javier , Lara-Romero Carlos , Iriondo José María , Fernández Alfredo García-
Published: August 2023

Background and aims

Within-population genetic and phenotypic variation play a key role in the development of adaptive responses to environmental change. Between-population variation is also an essential element in assessing the evolutionary potential of species in response to changes in environmental conditions. In this context, common garden experiments are a useful tool to separate the genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variation. We aimed to assess within- and between-population phenotypic variation of Lupinus angustifolius L. in terms of its evolutionary potential to adapt to ongoing climate change.

Methods

We evaluated populations’ phenotypic variation of foliar, phenological and reproductive traits with a common garden experiment. Patterns of functional trait variation were assessed with (1) mixed model analyses and coefficients of variation (CVs) with confidence intervals, (2) principal component analyses (PCAs) and (3) correlations between pairs of traits. Analyses were performed at the population level (four populations) and at the latitude level (grouping pairs of populations located in two latitudinal ranges).

Key Results

Phenotypic variation had a significant genetic component associated with a latitudinal pattern. (1) Mixed models found lower specific leaf area, advanced flowering phenology and lower seed production of heavier seeds in southern populations, whereas CV analyses showed lower within-latitude variation especially in phenological and reproductive traits in southern populations. (2) PCAs showed a clearer differentiation of phenotypic variation between latitudes than between populations. (3) Correlation analyses showed a greater number of significant correlations between traits in southern populations (25 vs. 13).

Conclusions

Between-population phenotypic variation was determined by contrasting temperature and drought at different latitude and elevation. Southern populations had differential trait values compatible with adaptations to high temperatures and drought. Moreover, they had lower within-population variation and a greater number of trait correlations probably as a result of these limiting conditions, making them more vulnerable to climate change.
Incidence and evolutionary relevance of autotriploid cytotypes in a relict member of the genusDaphne(Thymelaeaceae)
Authors: Gajdošová Zuzana , Svitok Marek , Cetlová Veronika , Mártonfiová Lenka , Kučera Jaromír , Kolarčik Vladislav , Hurdu Bogdan-Iuliu , Sîrbu Ioana-Minodora , Turisová Ingrid , Turis Peter , Slovák Marek
Published: August 2023

Odd ploidy-level cytotypes in sexually reproducing species are considered a dead end due to absent or reduced fertility. If sterility is only partial, however, their contribution to the population gene pool can be augmented by longevity and clonal growth. To test this, we investigated the cytotype origin and spatial pattern, and pollen viability in three relict shrub species of the genus Daphne (Thymelaeaceae Juss.) in central Europe. Daphne cneorum subsp. cneorum is a widespread European species that has a broad ecological amplitude, whereas D. cneorum subsp. arbusculoides and D. arbuscula are narrow endemics of the western Pannonian Plain and the Western Carpathians, respectively. Our study confirmed that all three taxa are diploid. However, of more than a thousand analysed individuals of D. cneorum subsp. cneorum, five in four different populations were triploid. Our data indicate that these triploids most likely originate from recurrent autopolyploidization events caused by the fusion of reduced and unreduced gametes. High pollen viability was observed in all three taxa and in both diploid and triploid cytotypes, ranging from 65 to 100 %. Our study highlights the significant role of odd ploidy-level cytotypes in interploidy gene flow, calling for more research into their reproduction, genetic variability, and overall fitness. Interestingly, while the endemic D. arbuscula differs from D. cneorum based on genetic and genome size data, D. cneorum subsp. arbusculoides was indistinguishable from D. cneorum subsp. cneorum. However, our study reveals that the subspecies differ in the number of flowers per inflorescence. This is the first comprehensive cytogeographic study of this intriguing genus at a regional scale, and in spite of its karyological stability, it contributes to our understanding of genomic evolution in plant species with a wide ecological amplitude.
X—Ethics and the First-Person Perspective
Authors: Boyle Matthew
Published: August 2023

It is sometimes claimed that each of us has a special ‘first-person perspective’ on our own mind. It is also sometimes claimed that each of us confronts questions about what to do from a distinctively ‘agent-centred’ standpoint. This essay argues that the analogies between these claims are not just superficial, but point to the importance, in both cases, of a representational structure that sets ‘first-person’ awareness apart from external or ‘third-person’ awareness. I describe this structure and show its importance in clarifying some well-known claims about the importance of the agent’s standpoint in ethics.
Devil's Advocate: Evidence-Based Recommendation for “One Breast–One Insertion Funnel” Policy
Authors: Montemurro Paolo , Gupta Tarush
Published: August 2023

Background

Rates of capsular contracture have reduced significantly since the use of insertion funnels to place breast implants became routine. However, due to financial constraints, the same funnel is usually used for implantation of both sides.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine whether the risk of capsular contracture is higher for the second breast when the same insertion funnel is used for both breasts.

Methods

The authors collected a sample of the insertion funnel tip immediately after removing the funnel from its sterile packaging and another tip sample after the funnel had been used to insert the first implant. These samples were sent for microbiological culture evaluations. Capsular contracture rates in the first implanted breast vs the second implanted breast were then retrospectively analyzed.

Results

All samples taken from the funnel before the first implantation showed no bacterial growth. All 10 samples taken from the funnel after the first implantation showed organism growth (8 were positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis and 2 for Cutibacterium acnes). Retrospective analysis of the results revealed that the overall capsular contracture rate had reduced after the authors began to use insertion funnels. However, this complication was still more common on the second implanted breast.

Conclusions

Surgeons should consider the use of separate insertion funnels for each breast. This might help to slightly reduce the incidence of capsular contracture.

See the abstract translated into Hindi, Portuguese, Korean, German, Italian, Arabic, and Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) online here: https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjad288.

Level of Evidence: 4
281 A Review of the Accuracy of Rectus Sheath Catheter Placement Following Laparotomy
Authors: Waddell K S , Nevins E J , McCallum I J D
Published: August 2023

Aim

Rectus sheath catheters (RSC) deliver local anaesthetic to post-operative laparotomy wounds. Optimum positioning for RSC’s is in the retro-rectus space. They aim to reduce post-operative pain and have a lower side effect profile than epidural analgesia. This audit reviews positioning of RSC in post-operative laparotomy patients at Northumbria Healthcare Trust.

Method

NELA patients who had open laparotomy or laparoscopic converted to open procedures between 1st December 2021 to September 2022 were considered for inclusion. Patients who had RSC and had a post-operative CT scan within the first 3 post-operative days were identified.

Results

105 patients (68%) had RSC inserted. 11 (10.5%) patients with RSC placed had post-operative imaging within 3 days. CT images were reviewed assessing the position of RSCs. One patient had bilateral RSC correctly placed. Of the total individual RSC’s (22) on imaging, 9 were correctly positioned, 9 incorrectly positioned, and 4 not identified when reviewing CT images. All of those incorrectly positioned were identified in the subcutaneous fat.

Conclusions

At Northumbria Healthcare Trust, RSC are inserted by surgeons and not ultrasound guided. This audit highlighted that they are mostly placed in the incorrect position. A method of inserting RSC more accurately, such as use of ultrasound under direct vision, may help to improve overall positioning of RSC. Further research is needed to assess if correctly placed RSC would result in lower analgesic requirements and improved post-operative recovery.
860 Intra-Operative Tourniquet Use in Elective Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery – Do We Accept or Reject Guidelines? (A Multi-Centre Clinical Audit)
Authors: Hammond R , Yunus A , Aboutourabi M , Bally D , Igah I , Mann H
Published: August 2023

Aim

Pneumatic tourniquets are used in Trauma & Orthopaedic (T&O) surgery to provide a bloodless field. Their use can give rise to preventable complications. British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedics (BOAST) 2021 guidelines aim to improve tourniquet safety, highlighting strict documentation and pressure based on intra-operative blood pressure.

We evaluated intra-operative tourniquet use in elective T&O surgeries across 3 centres in North London, focusing on adherence to BOAST guidelines.

Method

One month of elective T&O surgeries employing tourniquet were reviewed, totalling 88 cases (17 upper limb, 71 lower limb). Tourniquet pressure ranges were calculated from anaesthetist intra-operative blood pressure records. Tourniquet documentation was retrieved from scrub-nurse, anaesthetist, and surgeon operative records. Adherence to BOAST guidelines was assessed.

Results

14.0% of surgeon notes did not comment on tourniquet use and 86% had incomplete documentation. 97.6% of nursing notes had incomplete documentation.

Average tourniquet pressure was 237 mmHg (SD ± 21.6) and 261.7 mmHg (SD ± 25.3) for upper and lower limb surgery, respectively. Upper limb tourniquet pressure was above guideline recommendations in 70% of cases. Mean pressure was 12.5 mmHg above calculated maximal pressure (95% CI -7.98 - 32.98; P = 0.22). Half (47.5%) of lower limb pressures were above maximal calculated pressure. Tourniquet pressure was on average 5.6 mmHg above guidelines (95% CI -4.12 - 15.26, P = 0.26).

Conclusions

Tourniquet use is poorly documented, which does not comply with BOAST guidance. Inappropriately high torniquet pressures may lead to preventable complications. Education on current guidelines is pertinent to improve adherence to national standards.
Capgras syndrome
Authors: Carson Alan
Published: August 2023

One hundred years ago, Joseph Capgras published the first description of the disorder of delusional misidentification that now bears his name. Alan Carson marks the centenary of that publication by reflecting on Capgras and his eponymous syndrome.
Simultaneous Determination of Three Flavonoids in Rat Plasma of Masson Pinus Needles (Pinus massoniana L.) Extracts by UHPLC-MS/MS and Application to Pharmacokinetics Studies after Oral and Transdermal Administration
Authors: Xia Chenjie , Zhu Hongliu , Hu Changhui , Liu Jie , Hua Haibing , Yang Jianqiu , Chen Zhipeng , Gao Yihong
Published: August 2023

Pinus massoniana needles, a traditional herb, were applied to prevent hair loss in China. Studies available mainly focused on pine needle flavonoids with various biological activities. However, there has been no pharmacokinetics study of the flavonoids from Pinus needles extract. A selective and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously quantify taxifolin, quercetin and catechin in rat plasma. To separate the three constituents, an Agilent Extend-C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used with a mobile phrase of (A) 0.1% formic acid and (B) acetonitrile. The analytes were measured by multiple reaction monitoring in the negative ionization mode. There was good linearity in the established UHPLC-MS/MS method, with a coefficient of determination (r2) of >0.99. The accuracy, intra-day and inter-day precision and recovery were all satisfactory and these 3 compounds were stable under the tested conditions. The validated method in this study was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study in healthy rats after oral and transdermal administration of Pinus needles extract. The results could provide further research foundation for pine needle extract as external preparations.
Safety and utility of CardioMEMS device for remote pulmonary artery monitoring in paediatric Fontan patients: a case series
Authors: Bhat Deepti P , Graziano Joseph N , Garn Byron J , Franklin Wayne J
Published: August 2023

Background

Patients with single ventricle congenital heart disease who undergo total cavo-pulmonary anastomosis (Fontan surgery) suffer from elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), which leads to multiple adverse sequelae. Traditionally, the Fontan pressures are assessed via invasive haemodynamic catheterization that exposes these medically fragile patients to the risks of vascular injury and anaesthesia. While the CardioMEM remote PAP monitor has been extensively used in adults with heart failure, the safety of this device has not been established in children.

Case summary

We report safety and utility of this device in eight paediatric Fontan patients. Our patients ranged from 9 to 18 years of age. There were no reported complications related to the implantation of the CardioMEMS device in our population.

Discussion

This is the first case series of safety of CardioMEMS device in paediatric Fontan Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation patients. Our experience indicates that the device may be safely utilized for the management of Fontan-related complications in this vulnerable population.
Espionage and the 1935 Press War in Palestine: Revisiting Factionalism, Forgeries and Fake News
Authors: Wagner Steven
Published: August 2023

In 1935, Palestinian newspapers published a forged letter alleged to have been sent from pan-Islamist leader, Shakib Arslan, to the Palestinian leader and Mufti of Jerusalem, Amin al-Husayni. The letter indicated that Husayni and Arslan accepted Italian bribes in exchange for pro-Italian articles in the publications they controlled. Italy was widely despised for its treatment of Libyan Muslims, and so exposing this relationship was expected to be controversial. Amid a national debate about Italy’s imminent invasion of Abyssinia, and its role in the Eastern Mediterranean, Husayni’s Palestinian opponents hoped to embarrass him as a sell-out. Both a government official and national leader, Husayni’s true position came to define the Palestinian debate about the national interest: should Palestinians co-operate with one oppressive empire so as to free themselves from another? Relying on multilingual and multinational archival evidence, this article proves that the letter was indeed forged, but based on real intelligence gathered by Husayni’s Palestinian opponents who sought to damage his reputation. It also shows that British intelligence probably encouraged the forgery, hoping to expose and stem Italian propaganda activity. The scheme backfired and accelerated Italian interference in Palestine. It crystalised Husayni’s popularity, as Palestinians believed he could deliver national liberation. They did not care if Italy was involved. This episode shows that British assessments of ‘factional’ Palestinian politics reflected their shallow understanding of these conflicts. Meanwhile, it also sheds unique light on Palestinian espionage and counterintelligence work, and the way in which it empowered Husayni and Arslan.
Risk of depression in patients with acromegaly in Korea (2006-2016): a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Moon Shinje , Hong Sangmo , Han Kyungdo , Park Cheol-Young
Published: August 2023

Background

An increased prevalence of depression has been reported in patients with acromegaly. However, most studies included a relatively small sample size owing to the rarity of acromegaly. We aimed to investigate the risk of depression in patients with acromegaly using the Korean National Health Information Database (NHID).

Methods

The data of patients with acromegaly in 2006-2016 were collected from the rare incurable disease registry of the NHID. Patients with acromegaly were matched with control participants without acromegaly for age and sex in a 1:5 ratio.

Results

Patients who did not receive treatment for acromegaly had a significantly increased risk of depression (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.82). However, the risk of depression did not increase in patients who received treatment for acromegaly. The multiple Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of depression was significantly higher in the untreated group than in the control group during the first 3 years of observation (HR: 1.829, 95% CI: 1.305-2.563). However, after a time lag of over 3 years, the risk of depression decreased in the untreated group, which is similar to that in the control group.

Conclusion

Our nationwide study suggests that patients who did not receive treatment for acromegaly have a higher risk of depression compared with controls. The untreated acromegaly patients should be monitored for the development of depression, especially in the early years after diagnosis. These results could serve as a basis for developing screening strategies to mitigate depression in acromegaly patients.
Angiogenic Microvascular Wall Shear Stress Patterns Revealed Through Three-dimensional Red Blood Cell Resolved Modeling
Authors: Hossain Mir Md Nasim , Hu Nien-Wen , Abdelhamid Maram , Singh Simerpreet , Murfee Walter L , Balogh Peter
Published: August 2023

The wall shear stress (WSS) exerted by blood flowing through microvascular capillaries is an established driver of new blood vessel growth, or angiogenesis. Such adaptations are central to many physiological processes in both health and disease, yet three-dimensional (3D) WSS characteristics in real angiogenic microvascular networks are largely unknown. This marks a major knowledge gap because angiogenesis, naturally, is a 3D process. To advance current understanding, we model 3D red blood cells (RBCs) flowing through rat angiogenic microvascular networks using state-of-the-art simulation. The high-resolution fluid dynamics reveal 3D WSS patterns occurring at sub-endothelial cell (EC) scales that derive from distinct angiogenic morphologies, including microvascular loops and vessel tortuosity. We identify the existence of WSS hot and cold spots caused by angiogenic surface shapes and RBCs, and notably enhancement of low WSS regions by RBCs. Spatiotemporal characteristics further reveal how fluctuations follow timescales of RBC “footprints.” Altogether, this work provides a new conceptual framework for understanding how shear stress might regulate EC dynamics in vivo.
Signatures of Extreme Longevity: A Perspective from Bivalve Molecular Evolution
Authors: Iannello Mariangela , Forni Giobbe , Piccinini Giovanni , Xu Ran , Martelossi Jacopo , Ghiselli Fabrizio , Milani Liliana
Published: August 2023

Among Metazoa, bivalves have the highest lifespan disparity, ranging from 1 to 500+ years, making them an exceptional testing ground to understand mechanisms underlying aging and the evolution of extended longevity. Nevertheless, comparative molecular evolution has been an overlooked approach in this instance. Here, we leveraged transcriptomic resources spanning 30 bivalve species to unravel the signatures of convergent molecular evolution in four long-lived species: Margaritifera margaritifera, Elliptio complanata, Lampsilis siliquoidea, and Arctica islandica (the latter represents the longest-lived noncolonial metazoan known so far). We applied a comprehensive approach—which included inference of convergent dN/dS, convergent positive selection, and convergent amino acid substitution—with a strong focus on the reduction of false positives. Genes with convergent evolution in long-lived bivalves show more physical and functional interactions to each other than expected, suggesting that they are biologically connected; this interaction network is enriched in genes for which a role in longevity has been experimentally supported in other species. This suggests that genes in the network are involved in extended longevity in bivalves and, consequently, that the mechanisms underlying extended longevity are—at least partially—shared across Metazoa. Although we believe that an integration of different genes and pathways is required for the extended longevity phenotype, we highlight the potential central roles of genes involved in cell proliferation control, translational machinery, and response to hypoxia, in lifespan extension.
Performance evaluation of marine and industrial wastes in cement to envelope low carbon environment in manufacturing process
Authors: Ravi Monisha , Murugesan Balasubramanian , Onyelowe Kennedy C
Published: August 2023

The bonding strength of waste recycled cement mortar in a low carbon brick masonry prism is influenced by this study. The disposal of marine and industrial trash has emerged as a serious environmental and ecological concern across the world against the climate action of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) and COP27. The use of alternative waste materials in the cement industry minimizes the carbon footprint in the manufacture, construction and overall building lifespan and enhances low carbon technology. The bonding 1ehaveior of the 3R hybrid cement (oyster shell, ground granulated blast furnace slag and tyre waste powder) is evaluated in a brick masonry prism. The impact of hybrid mortar bond strength on triplet masonry prism specimens and cement mortar cubes is investigated in this study using first-class bricks and OPC 53 cement with 3R waste materials. In addition, the chemical characteristics, workability, compressive strength, shear, bond, thermal, durable and microstructure studies of traditional and hybrid cement composites were determined. These three waste material compositions in the cement matrix have an influence on the development of alternative waste recycling and reuse materials in industry. Using hybrid cement saves CO2 emissions, low carbon emissions and energy consumption and has economic and environmental implications. The testing findings show that the brick-and-mortar bond has an excellent lead with the maximum compressive strength of the brick masonry prism.
How can artificial intelligence decrease cognitive and work burden for front line practitioners?
Authors: Gandhi Tejal K , Classen David , Sinsky Christine A , Rhew David C , Vande Garde Nikki , Roberts Andrew , Federico Frank
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has tremendous potential to improve the cognitive and work burden of clinicians across a range of clinical activities, which could lead to reduced burnout and better clinical care. The recent explosion of generative AI nicely illustrates this potential. Developers and organizations deploying AI have a responsibility to ensure AI is designed and implemented with end-user input, has mechanisms to identify and potentially reduce bias, and that the impact on cognitive and work burden is measured, monitored, and improved. This article focuses specifically on the role AI can play in reducing cognitive and work burden, outlines the critical issues associated with the use of AI, and serves as a call to action for vendors and users to work together to develop functionality that addresses these challenges.
Green and Smart Quantitative Quality Control for Veterinary Mixture of Ivermectin and Clorsulon: Ecological Evaluation of Spectral Analyses via Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical GREEnness Metric Approaches
Authors: Kamal Miranda F , Youssef Rasha M , Morshedy Samir , El-Sayed Nehal W
Published: August 2023

Background

The global financial market is still highly threatened by bovine fasciolosis, a parasitic infection that targets cattle, mainly in tropical regions. Binary combination of ivermectin (IVER) and clorsulon (CLO), in challenging concentration ratios, is typically indicated for treatment and control of fasciolosis.

Objective

The present study aims at smart simultaneous spectrophotometric assay of both compounds at their high ratio in marketed formulation and synthetic mixtures, without any prior separation. Furthermore, their greenness profile was evaluated and compared with previous reported assay methods, including the official one.

Methods

Mathematical-based proposed methods are the dual-wavelength, induced dual-wavelength, and first derivative ratio methods. Each is developed, optimized, and applied to determine simultaneously IVER and CLO at linear ranges of 1–30 and 5–40 μg/mL, respectively. They have been validated according to ICH guidelines. Statistical Student t-tests and F-tests compared the proposed methods with a USP chromatographic technique. Ecological appraisal is accomplished using three independent metrics: Analytical Eco-Scale (AES), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach (AGREE).

Results

Satisfactory recoveries, ICH compliance, and adherence of proposed methods to the ecological safety margin are achieved.

Conclusions

Developed methods are eco-friendly and cost-effective and can accomplish a routine quantitative quality control for concurrent determination of both drugs.

Highlights

Veterinary antimicrobials need analytical quality control using safer and green methodologies. Data manipulated spectral analyses of IVER and CLO, in a ratio of 1:10% (v/v), are developed and optimized. AES, GAPI, and AGREE approaches illustrate the high green compliance in respect to assays reported in the literature. Furthermore, the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) assay for IVER and CLO in injectable dosage form depends on analysis of each drug separately in the presence of the other drug, but it cannot determine both drugs simultaneously.
Forgiveness and Social Hierarchy in the New Testament: Revisiting the Keene Thesis
Authors: Smit Peter-Ben
Published: August 2023

In a small number of publications, Frederick (‘Fred’) W. Keene has proposed a new understanding of how forgiveness works in the New Testament; his work is currently being received in both New Testament studies and related disciplines, in particular also in practical and systematic theological studies, in which it is often referred to as a standard (or at least eminently viable) opinion. His work and his thesis concerning forgiveness have, therefore, a considerable impact and should accordingly be taken seriously as an exegetical conversation partner, which, so far, has hardly been done. The core of his thesis is that forgiveness is only possible in a hierarchical relationship. This contribution introduces Keene’s central thesis, considers its substantiation and then analyses it in the sense of a critical evaluation, focusing on aspects, which have to do with (a) grammar and linguistics; (b) the linguistic creation of egalitarian relationships; (c) the intersectionality of intra-human hierarchies; (d) the role of martyrs in relation to forgiveness. In discussing these, incidental alternatives to Keene’s exegetical choices will be offered. This approach also means that this contribution cannot do justice to the full scope of topics and themes associated with ‘forgiveness’ in the New Testament, but will remain focused on Keene’s work, although the conclusions move beyond it as they also present the insights gained with regard to forgiveness in early Christianity through a critical interaction with Keene’s work and the texts that he appeals to.
Daily Naltrexone Use Does Not Adversely Affect Physical, Cognitive or Marksmanship Performance in U.S. Army Soldiers
Authors: Carreno-Davidson Jamie T , Castellani Colleen M , Carreno Joseph J , DeLuca Jesse P , Selig Daniel J , Vuong Chau V , Pasiakos Stefan M , Ritland Bradley M
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Considering the potential of weaponized opioids, evaluating how prophylactic countermeasures affect military-relevant performance is necessary. Naltrexone is a commercially available Food and Drug Administration–approved medication that blocks the effects of opioids with minimal side effects. However, the effects of naltrexone on the health and performance of non-substance abusing military personnel are not well described in the existing literature.

Methods

Active duty U.S. Army Soldiers (n = 16, mean ± SD, age: 23.1 ± 5.3 y) completed a series of physical, cognitive, and marksmanship tasks during a 4-day pretrial, a 7-day active trial, and a 4-day post-trial phase. During the active trial, participants were administered 50 mg of oral naltrexone daily. Physiological and biological processes were monitored with a daily review of systems, sleep monitoring, biochemistry, and hematology blood panels.

Results

Naltrexone did not negatively affect physical performance, cognitive functioning, marksmanship, or sleep duration (P > 0.05). Improvements were observed during the active trial compared to the pretrial phase in cognitive tasks measuring logical relations (P = 0.05), matching to sample (P = 0.04), math speed (P < 0.01), math percent correct (P = 0.04), and spatial processing (P < 0.01). Results from biochemistry and hematology blood panels remained within clinically normative ranges throughout all phases of the study. No participants were medically withdrawn; however, one participant voluntarily withdrew due to nausea and reduced appetite.

Conclusions

Temporary (7-day) daily use of naltrexone was safe and did not negatively affect physical performance, cognitive functioning, marksmanship ability, or sleep in a healthy cohort of U.S. Army Soldiers.