bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development and primary validation of employee green behavior scale
Authors: Roy Shreyasi , Sia Surendra Kumar
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The increasing adverse impact of human behavior toward the environment has brought in changes in research focus on environmental behavior toward the workplace. Because the employee spends one-third of his day in his workplace, the initiatives taken by the employee also have an impact on the company’s environmental stance. Therefore, the researchers gradually focus on employee green behavior (EGB) and its measurement. The study aims to devise a tool for measuring EGB.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies were carried out using the survey method using the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected (Studies 1 and 2) from managers and supervisors working in manufacturing companies located in Kolkata, India.

Findings

The first study was done to extract the principal factors using an initial 30 items (N = 220). The result of the principal component analysis shows the emergence of three factors spread over 20 items with loadings above 0.40. The 20-item scale was again administered on managers and supervisors (N = 243). The second study was carried out to examine the convergent and discriminant validity as well as stability of the tool through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (N = 243). The result of CFA showed the presence of 16 items spread through three factors: practice and policy, digital use and recycle and reuse. Multiple fit indices support a three-factor model of the 16-item EGB scale.

Research limitations/implications

The scale would be a good measure of EGB and can be used for further research. The EGB scale is a composite scale containing three major dimensions that can be used as a complete measure of EGB.

Originality/value

The present research aims to fill the current gap by building a comprehensive tool for measuring EGB. The present scale has also addressed the shortcoming of the previous scale and tried to include varied proenvironmental behaviors exhibited in the workplace.
Evaluating Alexandria University heritage buildings: a question of preservation, awareness and management
Authors: Ezz Eldin Dina , Magdy Heba
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Heritage buildings are a witness to previous civilizations and constitute important elements in transmitting cultural identity through generations. In 1938, Alexandria University was established; it was called the University of Farouk at the time. In 1952, the university was named “Alexandria University,” and since then, it has witnessed growth and expansion in several fields. The research aims to preserve the heritage of this academic institution. It seeks to document this wealth of buildings that tell the story of the second-earliest university in Egypt.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method approach was employed. A descriptive method was used to narrate the history of the university and the importance of its buildings. Within the quantitative approach, a questionnaire was chosen as the survey instrument for collecting the data within the research case study. The aim was to determine the awareness of students, staff and employees of the heritage importance of their faculty. Within the qualitative approach, several interviews were conducted with employees in the engineering departments of the university administrative building at Chatby and some of the selected faculties. The aim was to determine the methods used for the conservation of these buildings.

Findings

Alexandria University has a heritage value not only in its great history but also through its heritage buildings. Raising the awarness of the university's affiliates of this heritage will lead to enhance the feelings of loyalty and belongings to the university. Therefore, preserving this heritage and properly managing it is crucial.

Originality/value

Universities have to recognize that their built heritage constitutes a unique expression that can create a distinctive sense of place. University heritage is crucial in defining and interpreting the university cultural identity. The institution must identify resources that will help build a new public image and contribute to develop a successful brand. Campus appearance is an important factor that has a significant impact on student feelings of loyalty and belonging.
A conceptual cost estimation model for the pre-design stage of road projects using multiple regression analysis
Authors: Atapattu Chinthaka Niroshan , Domingo Niluka , Sutrisna Monty
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The current estimation practice in construction projects greatly needs upgrading, as there has been no improvement in the cost overrun issue over the past 70 years. The purpose of this research was to develop a new multiple regression analysis (MRA)-based model to forecast the final cost of road projects at the pre-design stage using data from 43 projects in New Zealand (NZ).

Design/methodology/approach

The research used the case study of 43 completed road projects in NZ. Document analysis was conducted to collect data, and statistical tests were used for model development and analysis.

Findings

Eight models were developed, and all models achieved the required F statistics and met the regression assumptions. The models’ mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was between 21.25% and 22.77%. The model with the lowest MAPE comprised the road length and width, number of bridges, pavement area, cut and fill area, preliminary cost and cost indices change.

Research limitations/implications

The model is based on road projects in NZ. However, it was designed to be able to adapt to other contexts. The findings suggest that the model can be used to improve traditional conceptual estimating methods. Past project data is often stored by the project team but rarely used for analysing and forecasting purposes. This research emphasises that past data can be effectively used to predict the project cost at the pre-design stage with limited information.

Originality/value

No research was conducted to adopt cost modelling techniques into the conceptual estimation practice in the NZ construction industry.
Internal marketing and employees’ personality traits toward green innovative hospitality
Authors: Demirović Bajrami Dunja , Cimbaljević Marija , Petrović Marko D. , Radovanović Milan M. , Gajić Tamara
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The current study aims to examine if the internal marketing and employees’ personal traits can predict their green innovative behavior at the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted with 683 frontline employees working in four- and five-star hotels in Serbia. Zero-order bivariate correlations among variables and linear multiple regression were conducted to predict green innovative behavior based on internal marketing, personality traits and psychological capital. Binary genetic algorithms were used to segregate the subset of predictors that would be most suitable to describe variance in the outcome.

Findings

The results showed that internal communication, incentive and reward systems, work support, work environment, openness and creative self-efficacy were the most important predictors of almost all the phases of green innovative behavior.

Originality/value

The research showed that a multidimensional approach in analyzing green innovative behavior is necessary as some factors can be significant or not so significant predictors. Acknowledging that innovation is a multistage process, entailing distinct activities and requiring varied individual behaviors to accomplish each task, amplifies the importance of this inquiry. Employees’ personal characteristics have direct impact on green innovative behavior in hospitality. Further, the results gave an insight into the possible mix of elements of internal marketing that can be used for boosting employees’ green innovative behavior in hospitality. This is important as implementing effective internal marketing practices empowers organizations to motivate employees to invest discretionary efforts.
Importance of natural energy, and blue resources to address environmental challenges in view of the Saudi Vision 2030
Authors: Bakoben Hussam Buzaid M. , Khan Mohd Saeed
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the impact of natural resources, energy, and blue economic indicators on the ecological footprint of Saudi Arabia over the period from 1993 to 2022 by employing a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model. We have simulated the missing data using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The study encompasses the effects of post‐Vision 2030 and post‐COVID‐19 policies and their assistance in minimizing the environmental footprint. The observed results determine that non‐renewable energy consumption increases the ecological footprint, whereas natural resources and biocapacity drop the ecological footprints in the case of pre‐ and post‐Vision 2030. For variable fisheries production, the post‐ and pre‐Vision 2030 results demonstrate a boosted ecological footprint in Saudi Arabia, with the highest coefficient among all results. This research offers valuable insights into how Saudi Arabia's energy consumption and natural resource management impact its ecological footprint, highlighting the effectiveness of Vision 2030 and post‐COVID policies in promoting environmental sustainability. The study's findings provide crucial guidance for policy making to reduce environmental impact while considering the role of fisheries and biocapacity in ecological balance. Based on empirical findings, this study commends some policy understandings that assist in being effectively implemented towards a sustainable environment.
Effect of addition of wheat bran hydrolysate on bread properties
Authors: Cingöz Ali , Akpinar Özlem , Sayaslan Abdulvahit
Published: March 2024

Although the addition of bran to bread makes it healthier and more functional, it brings with it some technological problems. One way to eliminate these problems is hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat bran. In this study, five different ratios (10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, and 100%) of hydrolysates from hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat bran (150°C, 30 min) were substituted with dough‐kneading water during dough kneading for bread making. The physical, chemical, functional, textural and important starch fractions of the bread produced were determined. The addition of hydrolysate in different amounts to the dough‐kneading water resulted in similar physical properties (height, specific volume, and crust color) as the control bread. While the addition of hydrolysate decreased the hardness of the breads, it positively improved important starch fractions (increasing the amount of slowly digestible starch and decreasing the amount of rapidly digestible starch). It also increased antioxidant capacity (iron (III) reducing antioxidant power, ABTS, and DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) and reduced the starch hydrolysis index of the bread. It was shown that the hydrolysate obtained after the hydrothermal treatment of bran could be used in bread making to satisfy the demand for products preferred by consumers from both health and sensory points of view.
Effect of high‐hydrostatic pressure on the digestibility of egg yolk and granule
Authors: Ben‐Fadhel Yosra , Perreault Véronique , Marciniak Alice , Gaillard Romuald , Pouliot Yves , Brisson Guillaume , Doyen Alain
Published: March 2024

The impact of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on protein digestibility of egg yolk and egg yolk granule was evaluated by static in vitro digestion using the standardized INFOGEST 2.0 method. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) and the phospholipid content were determined during digestion, and the protein and peptide profiles were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase‐high pressure liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). The results showed that HHP induced protein aggregation in egg yolk and granule, mainly by disulfide bridges, which were not disrupted in the oral phase. Proteolysis during the gastric phase improved egg yolk and granule protein solubility, regardless of whether HHP was applied. However, the extent of the samples’ digestibility was not affected, with DH values ranging from 15% to 20%. During the intestinal phase, the DH of egg yolk protein (∼40%) was higher than that of the granule (∼25%), probably due to the denser structure of the granule reducing the accessibility of intestinal enzymes. The DH, peptide, and protein profiles of control and HHP‐treated egg yolk showed similar protein digestion behaviors for both gastric and intestinal phases. Among the different proteins, only the digestibility of β‐phosvitin in HHP‐treated granule was enhanced. Consequently, applying HHP to granules represents an interesting process that improves the digestibility of phosvitin with the potential to generate bioactive phosvitin‐derived phosphopeptides.

Practical Application

High hydrostatic pressure, mainly used as a preservation process, did not impair the nutritional quality of the egg yolk and granule proteins but improved the susceptibility of phosvitin (protein contained in egg yolk) proteolysis to produce bioactive phosphopeptides. Consequently, applying HHP to granules represents an interesting process that improves the digestibility of phosvitin.
Effect of SO2, glutathione, and glutathione‐rich inactive dry yeast on the color, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity of Roxburgh rose wine
Authors: Zhang Yang , Jiang Lu , Zhang Fangfang , Yuan Dezhi , Yi Lei , Min Zhuo
Published: March 2024

Conventional methods for inhibiting browning in wine are not suitable for cili (Roxburgh rose) wine, which is naturally rich in ascorbic acid and subject to restrictions on SO2 addition. In this study, the capacity of various additives to suppress the browning of cili wine caused by ascorbic acid degradation was investigated. SO2, pure reduced glutathione (GSH), regular inactive dry yeast (IDY), and IDY with various levels of glutathione enrichment (g‐IDY) were separately introduced into cili wine following the completion of alcoholic fermentation. Over a period of 12 months, the color parameters, levels of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and GSH content of the aged cili wine were analyzed. Among the investigated additives, g‐IDY exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on browning. Moreover, adding 800 mg L−1 g‐IDY increased the total reducing power and residual GSH content by factors of 1.52 and 2.44, respectively, with respect to those of the SO2‐treated cili wine, thus enhancing its antioxidant capacity. Using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, a total of 22 monomeric phenolic compounds were identified. After g‐IDY treatment, the contents of 15 easily oxidizable o‐diphenols decreased, preventing the depletion of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant. As a result, the levels of ascorbic acid and total phenolics were 1.5‐fold and 1.17‐fold higher than those in the SO2‐treated wine, respectively. This study demonstrates that g‐IDY provides a new approach to preventing the browning of wine caused by ascorbic acid degradation.

Practical Application

Cili wine, characterized by its high ascorbic acid content, can decelerate cellular senescence and bolster immune function, which has contributed to its popularity. Ascorbic acid, a potent antioxidant, can be spiked into white wines to significantly enhance their antioxidative properties. Nevertheless, the high ascorbic acid content in cili wine renders it susceptible to oxidation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, which alters the wine's hue from golden to dark brown, thus diminishing its commercial value. Overcoming this browning associated with ascorbic acid degradation is therefore of considerable importance and could facilitate the advancement of the cili industry.
Bioremediation of Chlorate and Chromium in Soil Columns Using Contaminated Site Native Culture
Authors: Motevasselin Mehdi , Gorczyca Beata , Kalinovich Indra , Sparling Richard , Sri Ranjan Ramanathan
Published: March 2024

Chlorate and hexavalent chromium (chromate) are both widely used in different industries, and the improper waste management in the past left many sites with elevated concentrations in groundwater that pose potential risk to human and/or ecological health. Bioremediation is a sustainable management solution that can reduce both of these contaminants to less toxic species. In our earlier microcosms experiments, we have demonstrated that native microorganisms collected from a site contaminated with chlorate and chromate can lower the concentration of these chemicals in groundwater to acceptable regulatory levels provided sufficient electron donor, nitrogen, and phosphorous are provided. In this study, continuous flow column experiments were performed using soil from the site impacted by both chlorate and chromate in the Province of Manitoba (Canada) and synthetic groundwater amended with acetate, nitrogen, and phosphorous. The objective was to evaluate at a bench scale possibility of in‐situ groundwater treatment. Concentrations of chromate and chlorate measured in the columns' effluent water dropped by 86% and 96%, respectively. However, increased biomass and precipitation of trivalent chromium reduced the water flow rate in the columns, a concern for implementing this method as a long‐term in‐situ remediation solution.
Cascade analysis of awareness, willingness, uptake and adherence with regard to PrEP among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in China: A comparison between students and non‐students
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Cheng Zhaoyu , Xian Yidan , Liu Xuan , Wei Siyue , Ma Ju , Chen Jiageng , Chen Zhongdan , Liu Fengli , Yang Jie , Yu Maohe , Li Changping , Cui Zhuang
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In China, young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are one of the groups most at risk of HIV/AIDS. The uptake of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among YMSM has not been well documented. A cascade analysis of awareness, willingness, use and adherence with regard to PrEP was conducted separately among YMSM students and non‐students.

Methods

From 20 October to 30 December 2021, all adolescents aged 16–24 years were selected for the study from among MSM recruited from 31 provincial administrative regions in mainland China. Participants were included in a cross‐sectional study of awareness, willingness, use and adherence with regard to PrEP among YMSM. Logistic regression modelling was used to identify factors associated with the four outcomes.

Results

Among 1014 student and 866 non‐student YMSMs, respectively, 88.07% and 81.64% had heard of PrEP; 58.16% and 50.35% were willing to use PrEP; 7.59% and 7.62% had used PrEP; and 3.16% and 3.58% had adhered to PrEP. Among students, those living in high‐risk areas and pilot cities and those who had engaged in commercial sex and group sex had a positive effect on PrEP use, and the same trends were found among non‐students living in high‐risk areas and pilot cities and those who had engaged in group sex. ‘Daily oral’ and ‘flexible’ PrEP use positively influenced adherence among both groups.

Conclusions

A differentiation strategy of PrEP promotion should be implemented among YMSM. Material support for students, such as financial resources, should increase, while non‐students should increase their level of perception of HIV risk.
Comparison of reverse osmosis (X‐20, RO‐99) and nanofiltration (NF‐270) membranes in the concentration of hawthorn fruit and anise seed extracts
Authors: Alsobh Areej , Zin Moh Moh , Vatai Gyula , Bánvölgyi Szilvia
Published: March 2024

Hawthorn fruit and anise seeds are considered medicinal plants. Both have a long history of medical use, which dates back to traditional medicine and has been supported by scientific studies that have demonstrated their effectiveness in many areas. Through pressure‐driven membrane processing, this study describes an environmentally friendly approach to concentrating bioactive compounds in extracts of these plants. Two reverse osmosis membranes (RO‐99 and X‐20) and one nanofiltration membrane (NF‐270) were tested. The composition of initial extracts and the resulting streams (permeates and concentrates) was compared, and the process efficiency was assessed based on the flux profiles and the contents of examined compounds such as antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). For the concentration of these extracts, the X‐20 membrane presented the most effective results, showing the lowest overall decrease in permeability. RO99 and NF‐270 followed this. In addition, X‐20 shows the lowest fouling index, followed by RO‐99, and both exhibit reversible contamination. In contrast to the NF‐270 membrane, the contamination was irreversible. Additionally, TPC increased 20 and 18‐fold, respectively, in the final retentate of anise seed extract and hawthorn fruit extract. TFC increased 8‐fold for both extracts compared to the initial content. Furthermore, the process using X‐20 showed an improvement of around 12‐fold for anise extracts, 15‐fold for hawthorn extracts for antioxidant activity by FRAP, and around 9‐fold by the DPPH method for both anise and hawthorn extracts. The phenolic and flavonoids compounds were detected at values <0.4 mg/g in the permeate from X‐20.
Encapsulation of Antarctic krill oil and kaempferol co‐loaded nano‐liposomes in alginate‐chitosan hydrogel beads: improved stability and modified digestive behaviour
Authors: Li Yujie , Liu Guoqin
Published: March 2024

In this study, alginate (NaAlg) and/or chitosan (CS) hydrogel beads were prepared to encapsulate Antarctic krill oil (AKO) and kaempferol (KL) co‐loaded nano‐liposomes. The SEM study confirmed that the hydrogel beads were spherical, in which nano‐liposomes was distributed evenly within the polymer network. The FTIR spectra indicated no evidence of any chemical interaction between nano‐liposomes and hydrogel beads. The hydrogel beads especially the NaAlg‐CS hydrogel beads caused decrease in the release of KL and AKO mostly own to the improved density of bead microstructure. Furthermore, the network structure in the hydrogel beads especially the NaAlg‐CS hydrogel beads successfully insulated oxygen to improve AKO oxidation stability and protected KL by preventing degradation under natural light, while maintaining its antioxidant capacity. Importantly, the hydrogel beads significantly reduced the release of free fatty acids during in vitro digestion compared to nano‐liposomes. In principle, these new delivery systems may combine the benefits of nano‐liposomes and hydrogel beads to encapsulate AKO and KL and broaden their applicability in food industry.
Potential anti‐obesity effects of fucoidan from Malaysian brown seaweed (Sargassum binderi) by in vivo study
Authors: Din Nur Akmal Solehah , Ishak Ainaatul Asmaa' , Maarof Syahida , Abdul Rahman Hafeedza , Sofian‐Seng Noor‐Soffalina , Mohd Razali Noorul Syuhada , Lim Seng Joe , Wan Mustapha Wan Aida
Published: March 2024

Brown seaweed is a natural source of fucoidan, a polysaccharide known for its remarkable bioactivities. This study investigated the anti‐obesity effects of fucoidan (Fsar) from Malaysian brown seaweed (Sargassum binderi) using Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into four dietary groups, including normal diet (ND), high‐fat diet (HFD), HFD with orlistat (HFD‐O) and HFD with Fsar (HFD‐F) for 28 days. Results showed a significant (P < 0.05) 36% reduction in body weight gain and an 18% decrease in visceral fat mass in the HFD‐F group compared to the HFD group. Additionally, Fsar treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced insulin (threefold) and leptin (1.3‐fold) levels in blood serum. Improvements in obesity‐related biomarkers by Fsar were observed with a 1.1–1.4‐fold decrease in serum lipid profiles of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), without causing kidney or liver toxicity. These findings highlight fucoidan's potential as an anti‐obesity, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Comprehensive analysis of Salmonella in poultry meat and products in Türkiye: Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and genomic characterisation
Authors: Dishan Adalet , Hizlisoy Harun , Onmaz Nurhan Ertaş , Yildirim Yeliz , Gonulalan Zafer , Al Serhat
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella isolated from raw chicken meat and products. For this purpose, a total of 293 samples were collected, including chicken breast (n = 90), skinned drumstick (n = 80), skinned chicken chop (n = 42), wing (n = 32), chicken offal (n = 27) and chicken patty (n = 22). The samples were subjected to Salmonella enterica. detection and the obtained suspicious isolates were confirmed by conventional PCR. Their phenotypical antibiotic resistance profiles were subsequently determined. The prevalence of Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium serovars among S. enterica isolates were investigated using TaqMan probe Real‐Time PCR (qPCR) analysis, and the detected serovars were evaluated with whole genome sequencing. In the study, 112 (38.22%) of the 293 chicken samples contained S. enterica, with five (4.46%) and one (0.89%) of the isolates identified as Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium, respectively. Antibiotic resistance analysis revealed that all isolates were sensitive to Meropenem and Aztreonam, while the most resistant antibiotics were Doxycycline (96.42%) and Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (71.42%). Whole genome sequencing, specifically SNP‐based phylogenetic analyses, indicated that Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium isolates were distinct clones. All Salmonella Enteritidis isolates shared the same antigenic profiles (9: g, m:‐) and cgMLST types of 11, while the Salmonella Typhimurium isolate had cgMLST type 19 and a 4:i:1,2 antigenic profile. It was observed that the phenotypic resistance profiles of the isolates were consistent with the whole genome characterisation. The data obtained in the study reveal the continued importance of Salmonella monitoring for the poultry industry across different regions of Türkiye to maintain food safety. Chicken meat and products are indispensable to public health in providing healthy nutrition and access to animal protein. The microbiological and epidemiological risks observed in mass production can be minimised, particularly by integrating epidemiological and molecular findings with an effective strategy.
Proximity to Bank Headquarters and Branch Efficiency: Evidence from Mortgage Lending
Authors: LIM IVAN , NGUYEN DUC DUY , NGUYEN LINH , WILSON JOHN O.S.
Published: March 2024

We use the staggered introduction of new flight routes to identify reductions in travel time between banks’ headquarters and branches to examine their effects on branch outputs and efficiency. Reductions in headquarters–branch travel time increases branch‐level mortgage origination volume, and these loans exhibit higher ex post performance. Further analyses suggest these effects are due to branch employees working harder and more efficiently in seeking new customers and screening applications. Overall, our results imply that geographic proximity enables bank headquarters to monitor branches more effectively and mitigate distance‐related agency costs.
Infiltration of immune cells to the brain and its relation to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
Authors: Netzahualcoyotzi Citlalli , Santillán‐Cigales Juan Jair , Adalid‐Peralta Laura Virginia , Velasco Iván
Published: March 2024

The neurovascular unit, composed of vascular endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, extracellular matrix components, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, allows the highly regulated exchange of molecules and the limited trafficking of cells to the brain through coordinated signaling activity. The passage of peripheral immune cells to the brain parenchyma is observed when there is clear damage to the barriers of this neurovascular unit, as occurs in traumatic brain injury. The possibility of leukocyte infiltration to the brain in neurodegenerative conditions has been proposed. In this review, we focus on describing the evidence for peripheral immune cell infiltration to the brain in the two most frequent neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In particular, we address the mechanisms that promote the passage of these cells into the brain under such pathological conditions. We also discuss the relevance of the resulting cellular interactions, which provide evidence that the presence of peripheral immune cells in the brain is a key point in these neurodegenerative diseases.

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Geographic distribution, prevalence, and incidence of citrus black spot caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa in Tunisia
Authors: Benfradj Najwa , Mannai Sabrine , Jeandel Céline , Boughalleb‐M'Hamdi Naima
Published: March 2024

Citrus black spot (CBS), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, is an important disease of citrus, an economically important fruit crop worldwide and particularly in Tunisia. CBS was recently detected in Tunisia and this study revealed that it is widespread in the governorates of Nabeul and Sousse. The highest incidence of CBS was found in the Bouargoub region (73.7%), while the lowest was observed in Soliman (25.0%) in the Nabeul governorate. The surveys revealed that CBS affected mainly lemon (Citrus limon). The symptoms of CBS observed were hard spots on fruits, twigs, and leaves, as well as false melanose on fruits. Symptoms were observed in both mature and immature citrus fruits, but disease incidence was higher in mature (97.0%) than that in immature fruits (2.95%). In this study, morphological and molecular identifications confirmed the presence of P. citricarpa. This is the first time that the extent of CBS has been documented in a Mediterranean citrus area.
Tobacco products and oral conditions among US adults: NHANES 2017–2020
Authors: Alamer Nora I. , Alsaleh Ahmed , Alkhaldi Sultan
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Smoking is a major global health problem with serious systemic and oral consequences. This study aims at assessing the influence of smoking cigarettes and other types of smoked tobacco on oral conditions (OCs) using a representative sample of US adults.

Methods

Pre‐pandemic data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 were utilized, and 7840 adults aged ≥30 years were included in our analyses. Descriptive statistics, logistic, and negative binomial regression models were performed to assess the relationship between tobacco products and OCs including, tooth loss (TL), coronal (CC) and root caries (RC).

Results

Overall, 16.29% of our sample were current cigarette smokers (CCS). TL (17.25%) and untreated RC (28.26%) were more evident among CCS. In the adjusted regression models, smoking cigarettes was associated with RC (AOR: 3.20, 95% CI; 2.02, 5.09), untreated CC (IRR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.50, 6.31), and TL (IRR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.88). Regarding the type of used tobacco product in the past 5 days, cigarettes were the most common type (15.03%). The adjusted model indicated that e‐cigarette smokers had the highest odds of untreated RC (AOR: 5.17, 95% CI: 2.19, 12.23) and the highest rate of TL (IRR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.45, 3.35). Further, cigar smokers had the highest rate of teeth with untreated CC (IRR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.46, 7.25).

Conclusions

Using tobacco products is associated with poor OCs. Dentists, being the primary oral health care providers, can play a crucial role in counseling and supporting smokers to quit as part of their routine dental examination.
Health humanities for inclusive, globally interdependent, supportive and decolonised health professional education: The future is health humanities!
Authors: Carr Sandra , Hooker Claire
Published: March 2024

To find its place in healthcare that is responsive to global determinants of health and adaptively shape healthcare systems, health professional education (HPE) requires deep and central engagement with arts, culture and the health humanities. In this paper, we overview the trajectory of health humanities and the centrality of humanities scholarship in grappling with coloniality and power as ongoing features of health and healthcare. We then discuss current research that asks how arts and humanities can best be incorporated in HPE. Drawing from a recent Worldwide Universities Network initiative, we set out a framework comprising six domains of learning and 11 graduate capabilities that can be used to implement and evaluate health humanities education. Health humanities offers an invitation for imaginative and joyful innovations in HPE over the next 50 years.
Two new species of Limnesia (Acari, Hydrachnidiae, Lebertioidea) from China, with the descriptions of two instars
Authors: Li Hai-tao , Gu Xin-yao , Zhang Yu-hao , Jin Dao-chao , Guo Jian-jun
Published: March 2024

A brief introduction of Chinese Limnesiidae taxonomy is provided. Adults of two new species, Limnesia (Limnesia) lupingae Li & Guo sp. nov. and Limnesia (Limnesia) macrophthalma Li & Guo sp. nov., from Heilongjiang and Hubei provinces respectively, are described in detail. Subtle structures are recorded with scanning electron micrographs. In addition, deutonymphs of two new species are also described in detail and compared with the adults in discussion.
The effects of cyflumetofen on life history traits and population parameters of Amblyseius swirskii

Authors: Havasi Mohammadreza , Kheradmand Katayoon
Published: March 2024

Even as new chemical substances show promise as selectivity for controlling pests due to their high effectiveness in inhibiting pests, their side effects on non-target organisms must nevertheless be evaluated before they can be included in integrated pest management systems. We examined both lethal and sublethal (LC10 and LC30) effects of cyflumetofen on the predatory potential of the Amblyseius swirskii Athias Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) which        is among the most dominant mite predators in tropical agricultural agroecosystems. The experiments were performed under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 2°C, 65 ± 5% relative humidity (RH), and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) hours. Results were analyzed based on age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. The data showed that sublethal concentrations of the pesticides suppress fecundity, total life span (both female and male individuals), and the intrinsic and finite rate of increase significantly. The result show, the fecundity in the LC10, LC30, and control was 14.97, 11.87, and 17.28, eggs/female for LC10 and LC30, respectively, showing significant differences. The values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) on the above-mentioned concentrations were 0.1333, 0.1166, and 0.1430 day-1, respectively. Consequently, according to the data, it seems that the selected acaricide is not suitable to use with A. swiriskii in integrated pest management programs due to their unfavorable effects on the population parameters of this predatory mite.
RNA interference-mediated functional analysis of vitellogenin and vitellogenin receptor in the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus

Authors: Zhu Rui , Yi Tian-ci , Liu Run-dong , Jin Dao-chao
Published: March 2024

Neoseiulus californicus is a key natural predator of spider mites and small arthropod pests. Although vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) genes are important regulators of oocyte maturation, egg formation, and embryonic development in spider mites and ticks, their role in phytoseiid mites is less understood. Investigating the reproductive mechanism of predatory mites is crucial for understanding their reproduction and evolution. In this study, three Vg genes and one VgR gene were identified, cloned, and characterized in N. californicus. Vg1, Vg2, Vg3, and VgR mRNAs were 6066, 5728, 4515, and 5331 bp long, encoding proteins comprising 1851, 1849, 1471, and 1722 amino acids, respectively. Temporal expression analysis revealed elevated Vg1, Vg2, and VgR levels in fertilized female adult mites, whereas Vg3 exhibited peak expression during the developmental stage. RNA interference–mediated suppression of Vg1 and Vg2 resulted in 14.66% and 11.59% decreases in fecundity, respectively. Vg1 silencing notably reduced egg hatching rate and female offspring ratio. In contrast, Vg3 and VgR silencing had no significant impact on fecundity and egg hatching rate. These findings provide insights into the regulatory roles of Vg and VgR in predatory mite reproduction, offering a theoretical foundation for understanding their evolution and reproductive strategies.
The missing metamorphosis: DNA barcoding reveals that Allotanaupodoidea larvae are strikingly similar to post-larval stages

Authors: Dos Santos Costa Samuel Geremias , Zhang Zhi-qiang , Pepato Almir Rogério
Published: March 2024

Parasitengona is a diverse group of Prostigmata, including mites with life cycles that include important morphological changes between larva and deutonymph, an evolutionary novelty not shared by its closely related taxa (Halacaridae, Pezidade or Anystidae). Allotanaupodoidea is a superfamily of Parasitengona, known solely by the post-larval instars, that differs from the remaining Parasitengona mainly due to the lack of trichobothria in the prodorsal shield. Allotanaupodoidea has a single family Allotanaupodidae with six species distributed in two subfamilies, Allotanaupodinae Zhang & Fan, 2007 and Paratanaupodinae Zhang & Fan, 2007, with one and two genera, respectively. In the present study, we describe the larva of Allotanaupodus winksi Zhang & Fan, 2007 from New Zealand associated with the deutonymph by means of cytochrome oxidase I barcoding. The description reveals a remarkable resemblance between larval and post larval specimens of A. winksi, a condition approached among Parasitengona only by Calyptostomatidae.
Learning the sound inventory of a complex vocal skill via an intrinsic reward
Authors: Toutounji Hazem , Zai Anja T. , Tchernichovski Ofer , Hahnloser Richard H. R. , Lipkind Dina
Published: March 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL) is thought to underlie the acquisition of vocal skills like birdsong and speech, where sounding like one’s “tutor” is rewarding. However, what RL strategy generates the rich sound inventories for song or speech? We find that the standard actor-critic model of birdsong learning fails to explain juvenile zebra finches’ efficient learning of multiple syllables. However, when we replace a single actor with multiple independent actors that jointly maximize a common intrinsic reward, then birds’ empirical learning trajectories are accurately reproduced. The influence of each actor (syllable) on the magnitude of global reward is competitively determined by its acoustic similarity to target syllables. This leads to each actor matching the target it is closest to and, occasionally, to the competitive exclusion of an actor from the learning process (i.e., the learned song). We propose that a competitive-cooperative multi-actor RL (MARL) algorithm is key for the efficient learning of the action inventory of a complex skill.
Antiviral memory B cells exhibit enhanced innate immune response facilitated by epigenetic memory
Authors: Zhu Xiping , Hong Sheng , Bu Jiachen , Liu Yingping , Liu Can , Li Runhan , Zhang Tiantian , Zhang Zhuqiang , Li Liping , Zhou Xuyu , Hua Zhaolin , Zhu Bing , Hou Baidong
Published: March 2024

The long-lasting humoral immunity induced by viral infections or vaccinations depends on memory B cells with greatly increased affinity to viral antigens, which are evolved from germinal center (GC) responses. However, it is unclear whether antiviral memory B cells represent a distinct subset among the highly heterogeneous memory B cell population. Here, we examined memory B cells induced by a virus-mimicking antigen at both transcriptome and epigenetic levels and found unexpectedly that antiviral memory B cells exhibit an enhanced innate immune response, which appeared to be facilitated by the epigenetic memory that is established through the memory B cell development. In addition, T-bet is associated with the altered chromatin architecture and is required for the formation of the antiviral memory B cells. Thus, antiviral memory B cells are distinct from other GC-derived memory B cells in both physiological functions and epigenetic landmarks.
Identification of a targeted ACSL4 inhibitor to treat ferroptosis-related diseases
Authors: Huang Qian , Ru Yi , Luo Yingli , Luo Xianyu , Liu Didi , Ma Yinchu , Zhou Xinru , Linghu Maoyuan , Xu Wen , Gao Fei , Huang Yi
Published: March 2024

Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation–driven regulatory cell death that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including organ injury, ischemia/reperfusion, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, inhibitors that directly and specifically target ferroptosis are not yet available. Here, we identify the compound AS-252424 (AS) as a potent ferroptosis inhibitor through kinase inhibitor library screening. Our results show that AS effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in both human and mouse cells. Mechanistically, AS directly binds to the glutamine 464 of ACSL4 to inhibit its enzymatic activity, resulting in the suppression of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. By using nanoparticle-based delivery systems, treatment with AS-loaded nanoparticles effectively alleviate ferroptosis-mediated organ injury in mouse models, including kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute liver injury (ALI). Thus, our results identify that AS is a specific and targeted inhibitor of ACSL4 with remarkable antiferroptosis function, providing a potential therapeutic for ferroptosis-related diseases.
Combined segmental spinal epidural for major spine surgery: a case report
Authors: Parthasarathy Srinivasan , Hussain Jawadh
Published: March 2024

A woman in her mid-50s, hesitant about general anaesthesia due to a difficult airway, opted for neuraxial anaesthesia for L4 laminectomy with pedicle screw fixation (L3–L5). Preoperatively, she received 150 µg buprenorphine and 1 mg midazolam. In lateral position, a T8–T9 epidural catheter was placed, followed by segmental spinal anaesthesia (2.5 mL 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine+30 µg clonidine) at T10–T11. Prone positioning was executed using standard techniques. During the 6–7 hours surgery, three 7 mL epidural top-ups (2% lignocaine epinephrine) were administered at 90 min intervals. Haemodynamics remained stable with 2.5 L crystalloids, 350 mL packed red cells and three ephedrine doses (6 mg each). Sedation included 150 µg buprenorphine and two 1 mg midazolam doses. Postoperatively, she received epidural 0.25% bupivacaine for 2 days, systemic analgesics and was discharged on the sixth day.
Severe case of postpartum-acquired haemophilia A after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Helmken John Cord , Camunas Joseph A
Published: March 2024

Acquired factor VIII inhibitor, also known as acquired haemophilia A, has been associated with the postpartum state in young females. Treatment of acquired haemophilia A is focused on two goals: control of bleeding and eliminating the factor VIII inhibitor. Management requires successful intervention to accomplish both goals. Here, we describe the presentation and management of a case of acquired haemophilia A resulting in particularly severe and protracted intra-abdominal bleeding after routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a young and otherwise healthy female at 3 months postpartum. Due to diffuse intra-abdominal bleeding, she required return to the operating room on five occasions for intra-abdominal packing, reassessment of bleeding and ultimate fascial closure. Her abdomen was open for 5 days. She was treated with activated recombinant human factor VIIa to bypass inhibited factor VIII, and with immunosuppression using steroids, cyclophosphamide and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. She achieved remission after 6 weeks of treatment.
Analysis of Confined Jet Impingement in Converging Annular Microchannel Heat Sinks
Authors: Mashhadi Keshtiban Mohsen , Zabetian Targhi Mohammad , Heyhat Mohammad Mahdi
Published: March 2024

Jet impingement cooling is deemed an excellent choice for the thermal management of high‐power electronics. However, high‐pressure drop penalties and low local heat transfer coefficients in regions far from the jet zone are its drawbacks. Although it is reported that recirculation areas appear because of the entrainment, the effects of recirculation size on thermal behavior are not understood well enough. Here, jet impingement heat sinks with converging annular channels are employed in a numerical investigation to minimize the adverse cooling effects associated with an impinging jet in a microchannel. The realizable k − ε turbulent model is used for modeling thermal and turbulent flow fields (Re = 5,000 to 25,000). It was found that the different flow recirculation zones in small scales are responsible for the enhanced heat transfer rate. While the thermal performance of a converging wall jet impingement heat sink is higher than its flat wall counterpart at low Re numbers, the thermal performance results are in favor of the flat wall jet impingement heat sink at high Re numbers. The flow recirculation area shrinks in converging channels at high Re numbers, thereby deteriorating the thermal performance of the converging channel compared with a flat wall jet heat sink. Also, it was found that employing steeper converging channels shrinks the flow recirculation region, resulting in up to 59% lower pressure drops at Re = 25,000. The present study examines the role of flow recirculation at different Re numbers on the thermohydraulic performance of jet impingement converging annular heat sinks.
Flexural Strength of Translucent Zirconia Materials Produced with Different Multilayer Technologies: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bakitian Fahad
Published: March 2024

Objective. To evaluate the flexural strength of two translucent multilayered zirconia materials produced with different multilayer technologies. Methodology. Eighty bar‐shaped zirconia specimens were prepared from two different multilayered zirconia materials (IPS e.max® ZirCAD Prime and KATANA™ Multilayered Zirconia HTML) and divided into eight groups (n = 10) based on the materials used and the individual layers of the disc for each material: Dentin Prime, Transition Prime, Translucent Prime, Multilayered Prime, Dentin HTML, Transition HTML, Translucent HTML, and Multilayered HTML. The bar‐shaped zirconia specimens were cut to include all the layers from translucent to dentin In Multilayered Prime and Multilayered HTML groups. All specimens were fully sintered after cutting from multilayered zirconia discs and subjected to three‐point flexural strength test using the universal testing machine. Results. The specimens made of HTML zirconia material showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher flexural strength than those made of IPS e.max® ZirCAD Prime material, with no significant difference (P > 0.05) compared to the specimens in the Dentin Prime group. The Dentin Prime specimens had the highest flexural strength (743 ± 116 MPa) compared to those in the Translucent Prime (514 ± 120 MPa), Transition Prime (575 ± 102 MPa), and Multilayered Prime (531 ± 132 MPa) groups. The flexural strength of the specimens from the individual layers of HTML zirconia material was not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the Dentin HTML (763 ± 56 MPa), Translucent HTML (791 ± 106 MPa), Transition HTML (816 ± 85 MPa), and Multilayered HTML (793 ± 102 MPa) groups. Conclusion. Multilayered zirconia materials produced with different yttria contents by layer have lower flexural strength than those produced with gradient shade technology and the same yttria content for each layer. Therefore, various factors such as the type of prostheses, nesting strategies of prostheses within the zirconia disc, and the desired aesthetical requirements should be considered when selecting the multilayered zirconia materials.