bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typification of 23 names in Eriobotrya (Maleae, Rosaceae)
Authors: Liu Bin-Bin , Liu Guang-Ning , Hong De-Yuan , Wen Jun
Published: February 2020

As part of a comprehensive systematic study on the genusEriobotryaand its close relatives from the E & SE Asia, new typifications of 23 names are presented here, along with some nomenclatural notes of the names involved. We lectotypified 22 names including accepted names and synonyms. They are:E. acuminatissima, E. bengalensis var. angustifolia; E. bengalensis f. intermedia,E. brackloi, E. brackloi var. atrichophylla, E. elliptica var. petelotii, E. fragrans var. furfuracea,E. glabrescens,E. grandiflora,E. henryi,E. oblongifolia,E. petiolata,E. platyphylla,E. poilanei,E. prinoides, E. prinoides var. laotica,E. salwinensis,E. serrata,E. stipularis,Hiptage cavaleriei,Photinia longifolia,Symplocos seguinii. One neotype ofPhotinia dubiawas also proposed in this study, andE. pseudoraphiolepisandMespilus cuilawere identified as superfluous names. In addition, we also summarized the typification of 18 names for taxonomic reference:E. angustissima,E. balgooyi,E. condaoensis,E. × daduheensis,E. elliptica,E. fulvicoma,E. fragrans, E. glabrescens var. victoriensis,E. hookeriana,E. latifolia,E. obovata,E. malipoensis,E. merguiensis,E. tengyuehensis,E. wardii,Mespilus bengalensis,Photinia deflexa, andM. japonica.
Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae), a corallivorous pest species in the aquarium trade
Authors: Wang Adam , Conti-Jerpe Inga Elizabeth , Richards John Lawrence , Baker David Michael
Published: February 2020

Phestilla subodiosussp. nov. (Nudibranchia: Trinchesiidae) is a novel species that feeds on corals in the genus Montipora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) which are economically important in the aquarium industry. Nuclear-encoded H3, 28SC1-C2, and mitochondrial-encoded COI and 16S markers were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), morphological data, and feeding specialization all support the designation of Phestilla subodiosussp. nov. as a distinct species. Although new to science, Phestilla subodiosussp. nov. had been extensively reported by aquarium hobbyists as a prolific pest over the past two decades. The species fell into a well-studied genus, which could facilitate research into its control in reef aquaria. Our phylogenetic analysis also revealed Tenellia chaetopterana formed a well-supported clade with Phestilla. Based upon a literature review, its original morphological description, and our phylogenetic hypothesis, we reclassified this species as Phestilla chaetopteranacomb. nov.
Revision of the Merodon serrulatus group (Diptera, Syrphidae)
Authors: Vujić Ante , Likov Laura , Radenković Snežana , Kočiš Tubić Nataša , Djan Mihajla , Šebić Anja , Pérez-Bañón Celeste , Barkalov Anatolij , Hayat Rüstem , Rojo Santos , Andrić Andrijana , Ståhls Gunilla
Published: February 2020

The phytophagous hoverfly genusMerodonMeigen, 1803 (Diptera, Syrphidae), which comprises more than 160 species distributed in Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions, can be differentiated into multiple groups of species that harbor high levels of hidden diversity. In this work, theserrulatusspecies group ofMerodonis revised, providing an illustrated key to species, a detailed discussion on the taxonomic characters and a morphological diagnosis, including also the first data about the preimaginal morphology of this species group. The study includes characteristics of the 13 species of theM. serrulatusgroup, along with the available distributional data. Moreover, descriptions are provided for seven new species, namelyM. defectusVujić, Likov & Radenkovićsp. nov.,M. disjunctusVujić, Likov & Radenkovićsp. nov.,M. mediumVujić, Likov & Radenkovićsp. nov.,M. nigrocapillatusVujić, Likov & Radenkovićsp. nov.,M. nigropunctumVujić, Likov & Radenkovićsp. nov.,M. opacusVujić, Likov & Radenkovićsp. nov., andM. trianguloculusVujić, Likov & Radenkovićsp. nov.In addition, the taxaM. serrulatus(Wiedemann in Meigen, 1822),M. bequaertiHurkmans, 1993,M. hirsutusSack, 1913,M. kawamuraeMatsumura, 1916,M. sacki(Paramonov, 1936) andM. sophronHurkmans, 1993 are redefined and redescribed. Following a detailed study of the type material sourced from different entomological collections, the status of all available taxa related toM. serrulatusis revised and a new synonymy is proposed:M. tenerSack, 1913syn. nov.(junior synonym ofM. serrulatus). The identity ofM. trizonus(Szilády, 1940) could not be assessed as the type specimens are lost. Thus, the nameM. trizonusis considered asnomen dubium. The monophyly and composition of this species group are assessed through Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood analyses of the mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA gene sequences.
Analyser l’objet médiatique au regard de ses relations transtextuelles : le cas du documentaire.
Authors: Mariau Bérénice
Published: February 2020

Les travaux de Gérard Genette sur les relations transtextuelles de l’œuvre littéraire nous invitent à penser le texte comme pris dans un réseau de textes avec lesquels il tisse différentes relations. L’objet médiatique entretient également des liens avec des textes qui l’ entourent et le traversent , jouant un rôle dans son appréhension et son interprétation. À travers l’analyse du documentaire 13 novembre : Fluctuat Nec Mergitur , qui revient sur les attentats parisiens, il s’agit de questionner les différents textes qui annoncent et ancrent ce contenu. Le documentaire proposant une réécriture du monde , ces textes qui accompagnent l’œuvre jouent un rôle particulier dans la position de ce récit vis-à-vis de l’ histoire et dans l’empreinte mémorielle qu’il laisse de l’événement traumatique.
De l’œuvre d’art à l’objet patrimonial
Authors: Davallon Jean
Published: February 2020

Comment la lecture de L’Œuvre de l’art aide-t-elle à comprendre le statut de l’objet patrimonial ? Un retour sur l’emprunt de l’opposition entre autographie et allographie montre sa fécondité pour une définition du patrimoine. Certaines caractéristiques communes aux œuvres allographiques et au patrimoine immatériel suscitent trois questions : légitimité du transfert de l’approche de l’œuvre à l’objet patrimonial ; pertinence de l’emprunt de la distinction entre autographie et allographie ; apport de la démarche ontologique de Genette à l’étude de l’objet patrimonial. Similitudes et différences sont ainsi mises en lumière, notamment entre fonction artistique et patrimonialisation. La démarche de Genette aide ainsi à faire apparaître la spécificité des deux types de patrimoine et le rôle de l’institution dans la définition de l’objet patrimonial.
Les mutations de l’espace public médiatique en Algérie
Authors: Bouchaala Aldjia , Merah Aissa
Published: February 2020

Dans cette contribution, les auteurs interrogent la réalité de l’espace médiatique en Algérie à partir de ses diverses manifestations qu’ils considèrent comme atypiques ou hybrides. Cette configuration est interprétée comme une étape transitoire vers une libéralisation sans frein ni contrainte. Cependant, trente années après l’inscription dans la constitution du pluralisme médiatique et son renforcement par une série de réformes législatives et institutionnelles liées à l’exercice des métiers de l’information, le champ médiatique demeure inchangé. Textes juridiques non appliqués, absence de régulation, acteurs pluriels et indéfinis sont autant de caractéristiques qui font que la définition de ce champ demeure floue. Après huit longues années mouvementées et chargées en réformes du secteur des médias, la fermeture du champ politique et social a entraîné la réduction graduelle des libertés dans l’espace public médiatique. La montée en force de la démagogie et du populisme dans les médias publics et privés n’a fait de son côté qu’accentuer les clivages linguistiques et idéologiques. Au final, ces changements n’ont pas produit de pluralité dans l’expression d’une identité claire, vécue et pensée au pluriel.
L’observation au service de l’évaluation d’une intervention brève pour couples de parents
Authors: Imesch Camille , Eira Nunes Cindy , Liekmeier Esther , de Roten Yves , Antonietti Jean-Philippe , Darwiche Joëlle
Published: February 2020

Les résultats des thérapies de couples de parents peuvent être évalués sur deux dimensions principales : l’ajustement conjugal et l’alliance coparentale, cette dernière étant encore rarement prise en compte. Cet article s’intéresse à l’observation des interactions de couples de parents dans une tâche de résolution de problème coparental, comme plus-value pour l’évaluation. Les résultats montrent que la satisfaction conjugale et l’alliance coparentale de couples de parents (N = 34) évoluent au cours de la thérapie suivant deux profils : les couples en détresse qui s’améliorent et les couples prospères avant et après la thérapie. Des éléments d’observation concernant l’accord, la compétition et la résolution de problème sont en lien avec ces profils d’évolution des couples. Cette étude démontre que les données d’observation complètent avantageusement l’évaluation par questionnaire dans la mesure où elles sont valides du point de vue empirique tout en étant significatives et utiles pour le clinicien.
Effets macroéconomiques et financiers des politiques monétaires non conventionnelles dans la zone euro
Authors: Kanga Désiré
Published: February 2020

Cet article propose une évaluation des effets macroéconomiques et financiers des politiques monétaires non conventionnelles dans l’environnement hétérogène qu’est la zone euro. Nous utilisons un modèle VAR structurel à facteurs dynamiques qui a l’avantage d’autoriser une hétérogénéité dans les réponses des différentes variables. Globalement, les politiques monétaires non conventionnelles baissent les taux longs, réduisent les taux débiteurs et assouplissent les conditions d’offre et de demande de crédit. Toutefois, les réponses sont hétérogènes entre les pays membres de la zone euro. En outre, ces politiques ont des effets faibles et lents sur l’activité, surtout dans les pays les plus affectés par la crise. Classification JEL  : C23, E51, E52, E58.
Faim et décisions intertemporelles : littérature expérimentale et illustration empirique
Authors: Lohéac Youenn
Published: February 2020

La faim semble influencer les préférences intertemporelles. Cet état physiologique est associé à une augmentation des taux d’escompte, d’une part, et à une préférence pour les aliments « moins sains », d’autre part. La problématique d’arbitrage intertemporel en relation avec l’état de satiété est explorée à travers plusieurs expériences issues de la littérature et illustrée par une étude empirique mettant en relation des moments de la journée associés aux repas (et par extension à la faim) et des préférences intertemporelles. Les résultats montrent une hausse de la préférence pour le présent associée à la faim. Ils sont analysés à travers les notions d’escompte et de biais de projection. Classification JEL  : C91, D12, D15, D91.
L’assurance et la protection financière de l’agriculture
Authors: Folus Didier , Casal Ribeiro Pierre , Lepoivre Bruno , Roumiguié Antoine
Published: February 2020

Les productions agricoles sont soumises à des aléas portant sur les prix des récoltes, sur leur rendement ou encore sur leur état sanitaire. Si la gestion du risque de prix repose largement sur l’utilisation d’instruments financiers adaptés ou d’aides publiques, celle du risque de rendement fait appel à l’assurance subventionnée et à des fonds publics. Les différents contrats d’assurance récoltes – multirisque climatique, prairies, chiffre d’affaires – offrent aux agriculteurs des possibilités de couverture encadrées par les règles de la Politique agricole commune, notamment en termes d’aides à la prime. Pour autant, leur taux de pénétration demeure faible au regard des enjeux économiques de l’agriculture française. Forts de ce constat, et face aux évolutions climatiques supposées, les entreprises d’assurance, les associations professionnelles d’agriculteurs et les pouvoirs publics cherchent à accroître le degré de mutualisation du risque, afin d’offrir au monde agricole des solutions de protection financière performantes. C’est ainsi que sont mobilisées différentes techniques comme la télédétection satellitaire, les modèles indiciels d’assurance, la micro-assurance, ou encore le transfert du risque vers les marchés financiers, afin de traiter les différentes composantes du risque, de nature idiosyncratique ou systémique. Les travaux de recherche associés à cette démarche réunissent des entreprises d’assurance, du secteur spatial ou de la météorologie, mais aussi des universités et des laboratoires de recherche. Sous l’égide des pouvoirs publics, les fruits de ces recherches favorisent l’émergence d’un équilibre entre couvertures privées et couvertures publiques, pour une meilleure protection financière de l’agriculture.
L’impact des taux bas sur l’assurance
Authors: Bardaji José , Malhomme Jean
Published: February 2020

L’environnement de taux bas a un impact sur l’assurance vie (en euros) et sur l’assurance non-vie. Si l’assurance vie est la plus touchée, elle dispose de marges pour faire face à ses engagements, mais doit accélérer sa mue, notamment au passif, en diversifiant les fonds à destination des épargnants français. La loi Pacte, adoptée cette année, apporte sa contribution en simplifiant les contrats eurocroissance et en accroissant l’attractivité de l’épargne retraite supplémentaire (les nouveaux plans épargne retraite). L’assurance non-vie est certes moins touchée, car l’ajustement périodique des cotisations permet de contrebalancer des évolutions défavorables sur les marchés financiers. Toutefois, la baisse continue des produits financiers implique d’avoir de meilleurs résultats sur le cœur du métier assurantiel. Cette évolution est d’autant plus significative que le risque traité l’est sur une longue période (construction et responsabilité civile).
Quel avenir pour les probabilités prédictives en assurance ?
Authors: Charpentier Arthur , Barry Laurence , Gallic Ewen
Published: February 2020

Les polices d’assurance sont des exemples classiques de contrats aléatoires, ce qui force les assureurs à devoir quantifier régulièrement cette incertitude, à calculer des probabilités pour proposer des primes « justes » au regard des engagements qu’ils vont prendre. N’est-il pas temps de s’interroger sur cette pratique à l’heure de l’explosion de l’intelligence artificielle, qui propose des algorithmes prédictifs d’une précision jusqu’alors jamais vue, à l’heure d’un Big Data/Big Brother qui pourrait signifier la disparition même de l’incertitude ?
Ethnographie d’un conseil d’administration universitaire : un cas de professionnalisation conjointe
Authors: Marty Olivier , Wittorski Richard
Published: February 2020

L’ethnographie d’un conseil d’administration dans une université de lettres et sciences humaines permet de présenter les professions réunies autour de la table et les arguments mobilisés lors des controverses sur l’avenir de l’établissement. La description des métiers de la gouvernance et de leurs confrontations se fait au travers de l’hypothèse d’une professionnalisation conjointe . Ceci permet de comprendre comment les interactions régulières unissent les compétences en rapprochant peu à peu les interlocuteurs mais aussi comment émergent, à l’intersection des catégories professionnelles, des arts communs qui permettent de faire corps, notamment après une expérience intense de grève.
Phenomenon-Based Perception Verbs in Swedish from a Typological and Contrastive Perspective
Authors: Viberg Åke
Published: February 2020

Cet article commence par passer brièvement en revue les études actuelles des verbes de perception afin de contextualiser son propos, qui s’attache essentiellement aux verbes de perception orientés vers l’objet perçu. Trois grands types de verbes sont distingués : les copules sensorielles, les verbes de perceptibilité et les verbes sensoriels. Des verbes de ce type se rencontrent pour chacun des cinq sens. La classification est mise à l’épreuve des données issues d’un corpus de traduction, qui met en regard des romans suédois et leurs traductions en anglais, allemand, français et finnois. L’étude se concentre sur la vision et l’audition, en particulier sur les copules sensorielles du suédois se ut et låta et leurs traductions. Dans leur sens prototypique, ces verbes combinent une référence à un type de perception sensorielle et une composante modale ou évidentielle (schématiquement : SEMBLER). L’une de ces deux dimensions peut être neutralisée à des degrés divers en fonction du contexte grammatical. Il apparaît que le français a beaucoup plus que les autres langues recours à des verbes qui ne sont pas marqués pour ce qui est du type de perception sensorielle. La façon dont le résultat de l’étude s’inscrit dans un cadre typologique général est brièvement envisagée. Les verbes de perception référant à une expérience, comme voir ou entendre obéissent à une hiérarchisation lexicale universelle, alors que la structuration des verbes orientés vers l’objet perçu est typologiquement variable.
Le chemin de l’audible : la structuration dynamique de la perception par les verbes höras (suédois) et kuulua (finnois) « être audible »
Authors: Hellerstedt Maria , Peltola Rea
Published: February 2020

L’étude porte sur les verbes höras , en suédois, et kuulua , en finnois, exprimant l’audible. L’objectif est de rendre compte de la structure sémantique de l’audibilité et de la conceptualisation dynamique de l’événement auditif, en s’appuyant sur le concept de profilage et sur le schéma du chemin issus de la linguistique cognitive. Les deux verbes se construisent avec un sujet référant au stimulus, alors que l’expérient est implicite. Höras s’associe le plus souvent avec l’expression de la localisation du stimulus, tandis que les constructions en kuulua présentent une forte tendance à profiler le point de départ du son. Nous analysons cette différence en termes d’actualisation linguistique. Portant une trace de repérage personnel, höras présente l’événement à un stade d’actualisation qui va au-delà du potentiel et permet de mettre en relief sa localisation. Kuulua conceptualise l’événement à son stade initial en tant que capacité d’être perçu par un expérient non spécifié.
En deçà des apparences : tentative de formalisation de seem , look et appear
Authors: Gilbert Éric
Published: February 2020

Cet article traite des trois verbes d’apparence de l’anglais appear , look et seem . Son objectif est de proposer une représentation formelle dans le cadre de la théorie des opérations énonciatives qui, en s’appuyant sur les données empiriques, permette de figurer à la fois ce qui apparente et ce qui distingue ces trois verbes.
Les prédicats de perception orientés à partir du phénomène en russe. De l’apparition à l’apparence : un fondu enchaîné
Authors: Ruchot Thierry
Published: February 2020

Dans cet article, j’essaie d’établir une classification des prédicats de perception orientés à partir du phénomène en russe, en utilisant différents critères. Je cherche à prouver que ces prédicats sont organisés de façon complexe qui ne se réduit pas aux verbes copules d’apparence dégagés jusqu’ici dans les travaux sur la perception, et qu’il existe un continuum qui va de l’apparition à l’apparence, puis aux purs verbes copules et aux verbes de comparaison.
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Ketamine: Depression, Suicide, Trauma, and Chronic Stress Pathologies
Authors: Averill Lynnette A. , Averill Christopher L. , Abdallah Chadi G.
Published: February 2020

The serendipitous discovery of ketamine's robust antidepressant effects has served as a major catalyst to usher in new era of drug development and a paradigm shift in our understanding of the neurobiology of chronic stress pathology (CSP). This review provides a selective synthesis of (1) the historical foundations of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulators and the path to discovering ketamine's use in psychiatry; (2) ketamine's clinical efficacy, specifically its rapid-acting antidepressant and rapid-acting antisuicidal effects; (3) a model of synaptic loss and dysconnectivity thought to underlie CSP; (4) clinically relevant biomarkers and mechanisms of action; and (5) how ketamine may be both an effective treatment to reverse and normalize CSP as well as a tool to further our understanding of depression, trauma, suicidality, and CSP. We conclude with a brief discussion of outstanding questions and the continued struggle between optimism and concern regarding ketamine's widespread utility as a pharmacologic agent.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(2):48–53.]
Compensation of Contour Distortion in Stretch-Flanging Metal Sheets
Authors: Lin Heng Sheng , Ke Jyun Yi , Lin Lian Yu , Hsu Yi Wei , Huang Ting En
Published: February 2020

Stretch-flanging commonly appears at the concave edge of the panel part. Sheet thickness tends to decrease at the center of flange attributed to the outflow of metal flow, and hence causes a radial shrinking of the material. This shrinking pulls the ends of the flange and makes the adjacent surface overcrown. In this paper the effect of punch profiles on a laboratory scale profile, which assimilates the front fender part adjoining the head light, was investigated for the stretch-flanging process. Both the concave and convex punch profiles were considered. SUS 304 stainless steel sheet of 0.6 mm thick was used as the model metal sheet. DynaForm software was used in simulating the stretch flanging process and followed by experimental verification. The results show that a depression angle of 4.4° and an elevation angle 2.6° can produce lowest crown-contour for the concave and convex punches, respectively. The concave punch also causes less thinning at the flange center which makes it a favorable solution than that of the convex punch.
Dielectric Properties of a New Ceramic System (1-x)(Mg0.95Zn0.05)2TiO4-x(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 at Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Liu Shih Sheng , Chang Shiuan Ho , Chen Yuan Bin
Published: February 2020

The microwave dielectric properties and microstructures of the (1-x)(Mg0.95Zn0.05)2TiO4-x (Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 ceramics prepared using the conventional solid-state route were investigated. The structure and microstructure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Ilmenite-structured (Mg0.95Zn0.05)TiO3 was detected as a second phase. The coexistence of the second phase, however, did not degrade the dielectric properties of the specimen because the phases were compatible. At x = 0.07, a dielectric constant (εr) of ~17.86, a quality factor (Q×f) value of ~ Q×f~133,600 Hz (at 10 GHz), and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of ~ –5ppm/°Cwere obtained for 0.93(Mg0.95Zn0.05)2TiO4-0.07(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 ceramic sintered at 1240°C for 4 hr. The dielectric is proposed as a candidate material for low-loss microwave and millimeter wave applications.
Numerical Simulation of Strip Shape of High-Strength Steel during Hot Rolling Process
Authors: Li Lian Jie , Xie Hai Bo , Liu Xu , Liu Tian Wu , Wang En Rui , Jiang Zheng Yi
Published: February 2020

High-strength steel is widely applied due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, its high strength in turn brings great difficulties to production and processing such as hot strip rolling owing to the high rolling force, which results in large elastic deformation of roll stack and poses a huge challenge to the control of strip crown and flatness. In this paper, A three-dimensional (3D) elastic-plastic coupled thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) model for hot strip rolling of high-strength steel is developed and then verified experimentally. This model not only calculates the elastic deformation of rolls and plastic deformation of strip simultaneously, but also considers the effect of temperature variation during hot strip rolling. Based on this valid model, the effects of bending force and shifting value of work roll (WR), back-up roll (BR) size, entrance strip crown and rolling force on strip crown have been investigated quantitatively. The results obtained provide valuable guidelines for industrial strip production.
Temperature Dependent Synthesis of Inorganic WS2 Nano Rods
Authors: Huang Song Jeng , Immanuel Philip Nathaniel
Published: February 2020

In this report we report a simplest way to synthesis inorganic Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanorods. In this research work we used Tungsten trioxide (WO3) to produce tungsten disulfide with hydrogen gas and sulfur gas to synthesis WS2 nanorods at ambient temperature. This synthesis was done by two steps. The first step is oxide reduction and the second step is Sulfuration. And we have analyzed the changes in the nanorod structure when the reaction time is increased and when the temperature is changed at constant gas flow. The synthesized nanorods are analyzed by SEM, EDS and XRD. We report that we have successfully synthesized WS2 nanorods with the dimension of 100 to 300 nm in diameter and few micrometers in length. And we also report the changes in the structural morphology when the temperature was increased. When the temperature was increased to 1000oC the structure become very ranom.
Finite Element Prediction of Temperature Variation of Material and Dies in Aluminum Forging
Authors: Yoo Jae Dong , Hwang Tae Min , Joun Man Soo
Published: February 2020

Investigation into behaviors of aluminum alloy to be metal formed at the room temperature is conducted in this study. An index is used to evaluate the sensitivity of temperature, that is, index of relative normalized temperature rise to steel called normalized temperature rise index per steel which helps researchers to obtain some insight on new materials based on experiences of steel forging. An investigation to an aluminum alloy shows that the index is quite high, implying that temperature effect as well as rate-dependence effect on the forming processes of aluminum alloy at the room temperature cannot be neglected. Some details of thermomechanical predictions of a relatively high-speed automatic multi-stage forging process of a yoke with highly deformed region are given to reveal the importance of temperature and/or strain rate even in cold forging of aluminum alloy parts with high speed and high strain. All manuscripts must be in English, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper. Please keep a second copy of your manuscript in your office. When receiving the paper, we assume that the corresponding authors grant us the copyright to use the paper for the book or journal in question. Should authors use tables or figures from other Publications, they must ask the corresponding publishers to grant them the right to publish this material in their paper. Use italic for emphasizing a word or phrase. Do not use boldface typing or capital letters except for section headings (cf. remarks on section headings, below).
The Influence of Social Media Affinity on Eating Attitudes and Body Dissatisfaction in Philippine Adolescents
Authors: Tadena Shannen , Kang So Ra , Kim Shin-Jeong
Published: February 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the influence of social media affinity on eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction among adolescents in the Philippines.Methods: The participants were 114 junior high school students enrolled in 7th to 10th grade in Cavite Province, Philippines. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS, using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple linear regression.Results: The factors affecting eating attitudes were body dissatisfaction (β=-.47, p<.001), social media affinity (β=.33, p<.001) and grade (10th grade) (β=-.28, p<.001), and the factors influencing body dissatisfaction were eating attitudes (β=-.65, p<.001) and social media affinity (β=.17, p=.041).Conclusion: In order to promote healthy eating attitudes and to improve body satisfaction among Philippine adolescents, educational strategies tailored to social media users will be needed.
Intensity-duration-frequency of maximum rainfall in Mato Grosso State
Authors: Sabino Marlus , Souza Adilson Pacheco de , Uliana Eduardo Morgan , Lisboa Luana , Almeida Frederico Terra de , Zolin Cornélio Alberto
Published: February 2020

Intensive rainfall is an important meteorological variable that is of technical interest in hydraulic projects. This study therefore generated Intensity-Duration-Frequency equations (IDF) for 14 weather stations in Mato Grosso State, based on pluviograph analysis. Annual maximum rainfall data regarding 10-to-1440-minute long rainfall events were collected from digitized daily pluviographs. Data adherence to the generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) was checked through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at a 20% significance level. Next, the maximum probable rainfall for return periods such as 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 years was calculated and the IDF equations were adjusted. The performance of the IDF equations was evaluated based on mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), bias, Willmott's concordance index and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (ENS). Adjusting the IDF equations was only possible for rainfall durations ranging from 10 to 360 min at each station due to the low frequency of longer rainfalls.  High variation was present in parameters of the IDF equation and in maximum rainfall intensity between stations. The satisfactory performance of the models, as attested to by statistical indices, allows using IDF equations adjusted for rainfall durations from 10 to 360 min, and return periods from 2 to 100 years, in the regions of the Mato Grosso weather stations.
Highlights From the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria® Updates
Authors: Charles Creaque V. , Eaton Angie
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE: To compare the 2015 and 2019 AGS Beers Criteria® of potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly.
 DATA SOURCES: American Geriatrics Society 2015 and 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria® for Potentially Inappropriate
Medication (PIM) Use in Older Adults published literature.
 STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: The literature was reviewed, compared, and summarized to identify pertinent changes and updates to the AGS Beers Criteria of PIMs in the elderly.
 DATA SYNTHESIS:
The AGS Beers Criteria® contains a list of potentially inappropriate medications that should be used with caution, avoided, notable drug-drug interactions, and drugs that should be dose-adjusted based on kidney function in the older adult. The updated AGS Beers Criteria®
also includes removal of medications that are no longer sold in the United States, have a low usage rate, provide low evidence of harm, and/or the potential harm is not unique to the older adult.
 CONCLUSION: The AGS Beers Criteria® is intended to improve and
optimize the care of the geriatric population. It serves as a guide to minimize older adults' exposure to PIMs whenever possible. As with previously published updates to the AGS Beers Criteria®, the 2019 update outlines the following: recommendations, rationale, and quality
of the recommendations, as well as the strength of the recommendations.
Efficient emergency responses to vehicle collision, earthquake, snowfall, and flooding on highways and bridges: A review
Authors: Mikalsen, PhD Ragni Fjellgaard , Durgun, PhD Özüm , Portal, PhD Natalie Williams , Orosz, PhD Katalin , Honfi, PhD Dániel , Reitan, PhD Nina K.
Published: February 2020

This review article analyzes factors affecting emergency response to hazardous events on highways and their bridges, with focus on man-made and natural scenarios: heavy vehicle collision with a bridge, earthquake, heavy snowfall, and flooding. For each disaster scenario, selected historical events were compiled to determine influential factors and success criteria for efficient emergency response, both related to organizational and technical measures. This study constituted a part of a resilience management process, recently developed and demonstrated within the European Union (EU)-funded H2020 project IMPROVER and can be a useful approach in aiding operators of transportation infrastructure to improve their resilience to emergency incidents.
Bias in CMIP6 models compared to observed regional dimming and brightening trends (1961–2014)
Authors: Moseid Kine Onsum , Schulz Michael , Storelvmo Trude , Julsrud Ingeborg Rian , Olivié Dirk , Nabat Pierre , Wild Martin , Cole Jason N. S. , Takemura Toshihiko
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions have increased considerably over the last century, but climate effects and quantification of the emissions are highly uncertain as one goes back in time. This uncertainty is partly due to a lack of observations in the pre-satellite era, and previous studies show that Earth system models (ESMs) do not adequately represent surface energy fluxes over the historical era. We investigated global and regional aerosol effects over the time period 1961–2014 by looking at surface downwelling shortwave radiation (SDSR). We used observations from ground stations as well as multiple experiments from five ESMs participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Version 6 (CMIP6). Our results show that this subset of models reproduces the observed transient SDSR well in Europe, but poorly in China. The models do not reproduce the observed trend reversal in SDSR in China in the late 1980s, which is attributed to a change in the emission of sulfur dioxide in this region. The emissions of SO2 show no sign of a trend reversal that could explain the observed SDSR evolution over China, and neither do other aerosols relevant to SDSR. The results from various aerosol emission perturbation experiments from DAMIP, RFMIP and AerChemMIP suggest that its likely, that aerosol effects are responsible for the dimming signal, although not its full amplitude. Simulated cloud cover changes in the different models are not correlated with observed changes over China. Therefore we suggest that the discrepancy between modeled and observed SDSR evolution is partly caused by erroneous aerosol and aerosol precursor emission inventories. This is an important finding as it may help interpreting whether ESMs reproduce the historical climate evolution for the right or wrong reason.
Chemical characteristics of PM2.5: Impact of biomass burning at an agricultural site of the North China Plain during a season of transition
Authors: Liang Linlin , Engling Guenter , Liu Chang , Xu Wanyun , Liu Xuyan , Cheng Yuan , Du Zhenyu , Zhang Gen , Sun Junying , Zhang Xiaoye
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) activities are ubiquitous in China, especially in North China, where there is an enormous rural population and winter heating custom. In order to better understand their impacts on aerosol chemical characteristics in rural and agricultural areas of the North China Plain, BB tracers (i.e., levoglucosan (LG), mannosan (MN) and potassium (K+)), as well as other chemical components were quantified at a rural site (Gucheng, GC) from 15 October to 30 November, during a transition heating season, when the field burning of agricultural residues was becoming intense. The measured daily average PM2.5 concentrations of LG, MN and K+ during this study were 0.79 ± 0.75 μg m−3, 0.03 ± 0.03 μg m−3 and 1.52 ± 0.62 μg m−3. Due to the planetary boundary layer development, carbonaceous components and BB tracers showed higher levels at nighttime than daytime, while OM and secondary inorganic ions were enhanced during daytime, likely due to enhanced photochemical activity. An episode with high levels of BB tracers was encountered at the end of October, 2016, with high LG at 4.37 μg m−3. Based on the comparison of chemical components during different BB periods, it appeared that biomass combustion can obviously elevate carbonaceous components levels, whereas there seems to be essentially no effect on secondary inorganic ions in the ambient air. Moreover, the LG / MN ratios in different BB periods were consistent, while the LG / K+ ratio during intensive BB periods was significantly elevated at times, with K+ not increasing as much as LG during intensive BB episodes. This indicated that there were other sources of K+ in the study region, such as fireworks, fertilizer use, or soil resuspension, which don't have variable contributions of K+ during the intensive BB periods; however, local soft wood and vegetation combustion can't be excluded, which have efficient formation of levoglucosan during flaming fires.
Smoke of extreme Australian bushfires observed in the stratosphere over Punta Arenas, Chile, in January 2020: optical thickness, lidar ratios, and depolarization ratios at 355 and 532 nm
Authors: Ohneiser Kevin , Ansmann Albert , Baars Holger , Seifert Patric , Barja Boris , Jimenez Cristofer , Radenz Martin , Teisseire Audrey , Floutsi Athina , Haarig Moritz , Engelmann Ronny , Zamorano Felix , Bühl Johannes , Wandinger Ulla
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We present particle optical properties of stratospheric smoke layers observed over Punta Arenas (53.2° S, 70.9° W), Chile, at the southernmost tip of South America in January 2020. The smoke originated from the record-breaking bushfires in Australia. The stratospheric aerosol optical thickness reached values up to 0.7 at 532 nm in mid January 2020. The measured smoke extinction-to-backscatter ratios (lidar ratios) and linear depolarization ratios at 355 and 532 nm wavelength indicate shape, size, and light-absorption properties and are important input parameters in the analysis of spaceborne lidar observations of the CALIPSO and Aeolus missions. They are also of key importance regarding the homogenization of the overall Aeolus (355 nm wavelength) and CALIPSO (532 nm wavelength) smoke data sets and interpretation of the observations with respect to the spread of the smoke particles across the southern hemisphere and decay of the stratospheric perturbation. We found typical values and spectral dependencies of the lidar ratio and linear depolarization ratio for aged stratospheric smoke. At 355 nm, the lidar ratio and depolarization ratio ranged from 53–97 sr and 0.2–0.26, respectively. At 532 nm, the lidar ratios were higher (76–104 sr) and the depolarization ratios were lower with values around 0.15. The found lidar ratio and depolarization ratio values for Australian smoke are in good agreement with respective ones obtained from observations of stratospheric smoke layers over central Europe originating from the record-breaking Canadian wildfires in the summer of 2017. The higher 532 nm lidar ratios, however, indicate stronger absorption by the Australian smoke particles.
HOM cluster decomposition in APi-TOF mass spectrometers
Authors: Zanca Tommaso , Kubečka Jakub , Zapadinsky Evgeni , Passananti Monica , Kurtén Theo , Vehkamäki Hanna
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Identification of atmospheric molecular clusters and measurement of their concentrations by APi-TOF mass spectrometers may be affected by systematic error due to possible decomposition of clusters inside the instrument. Here, we perform numerical simulations of decomposition in an APi-TOF and formation in the atmosphere of a set of clusters which involve a representative kind of highly-oxygenated organic molecule (HOM), with molecular formula C10H16O8. This elemental composition corresponds to one of the most common mass peaks observed in experiments on ozone-initiated autoxidation of α-pinene. Our results show that decomposition is highly unlikely for the considered clusters, provided their bonding energy is large enough to allow formation in the atmosphere in the first place.
State of the Art Study of Influence of Bed Roughness and Alluvial Cover on Bedrock Channels and Comparisons of Existing Models with Laboratory Scale Experiments
Authors: Mishra Jagriti , Inoue Takuya
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Several studies have implied towards the importance of bed roughness on alluvial cover, besides, several mathematical models have also been introduced to mimic the effect bed roughness may project on alluvial cover. Here, we provide a state of the art review of research exploring the relationship between alluvial cover, sediment supply and bed topography, thereby, describing various mathematical models used to analyse deposition of alluvium. In the interest of analysing the efficiency of various available mathematical models, we performed laboratory-scale experiments and compared the results with various models. Our experiments show that alluvial cover is not merely governed by increasing sediment supply, and, bed topography is an important controlling factor of alluvial cover. Testing experimental results with various theoretical models suggest a fit of certain models for a particular bed topography and inefficiency in predicting higher roughness topography. Three models efficiently predict the experimental observations, albeit their limitations which we discuss here in detail.
Evaluating a landscape-scale daily water balance model to support spatially continuous representation of flow intermittency throughout stream networks
Authors: Yu Songyan , Do Hong Xuan , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Bond Nick R. , Lin Peirong , Kennard Mark J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. There is a growing interest globally in the spatial distribution of intermittently flowing streams and rivers, and how their spatial extent varies in relation to climatic factors. However, deriving consistent information on the extent of flow intermittency within river networks is hampered by the fact that streamflow gauges are often sparsely distributed and more often located within the most perennial parts of the river network. Here, we developed an approach to quantify catchment-wide streamflow intermittency over long timeframes and in a spatially explicit manner, using readily accessible and spatially contiguous daily runoff data from a national-scale water balance model. We examined the ability of the water balance model to simulate streamflow in two hydro-climatically distinctive (subtropical and temperate) regions in Australia, with a particular focus on low flow simulations. We also evaluated the effect of model time step (daily vs. monthly) on flow intermittency estimation to inform future model selection. The water balance model showed better performance in the temperate region characterised by steady baseflow than in the subtropical region with flashy hydrographs and frequent cease-to-flow periods. The model tended to overestimate low flow magnitude due to both overestimation of gains (e.g. groundwater release to baseflow) and underestimation of losses (e.g. transmission losses) during low-flow periods. Modelled patterns of flow intermittency revealed highly dynamic behaviour in space and time, with intermittent flows affecting between 29 % and 80 % of the river network over the period of 1911–2016. The daily flow model did not perform better than the monthly flow model in quantifying flow intermittency, and model selection should depend on the intended application of the model outputs. Our general approach to quantifying spatio-temporal patterns of flow intermittency is transferable to other parts of the world, and can inform hydro-ecological understanding and management of intermittent streams where limited gauging data are available.
Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, evidenced by multiparametric data
Authors: Gaete Ayleen , Walter Thomas R. , Bredemeyer Stefan , Zimmer Martin , Kujawa Christian , Franco Marin Luis , San Martin Juan , Bucarey Parra Claudia
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Small steam-driven volcanic explosions are common at volcanoes worldwide but are rarely documented or monitored; therefore, these events still put residents and tourists at risk every year. Steam-driven explosions also occur frequently (once every 2–5 years on average) at Lascar volcano, Chile, where they are often spontaneous and lack any identifiable precursor
activity. Here, for the first time at Lascar, we describe the processes
culminating in such a sudden volcanic explosion that occurred on 30 October 2015, which was thoroughly monitored by cameras, a seismic network, and gas and temperature sensors. Prior to the eruption, we retrospectively identified unrest manifesting as a
gradual increase in the number of long-period (LP) seismic events in 2014,
indicating an enhanced level of activity at the volcano. Additionally,
sulfur dioxide (SO2) flux and thermal anomalies were detected before the eruption. Then, our weather station reported a precipitation event, followed by an increase in steaming and a sudden volcanic explosion at Lascar. The multidisciplinary data exhibited short-term variations associated with the explosion, including (1) an abrupt eruption onset that was seismically
identified in the 1–10 Hz frequency band, (2) the detection of a 1.7 km high white-gray eruption column in camera images, and (3) a pronounced spike in SO2 emission rates reaching 55 kg s−1 during the main pulse of the eruption as measured by a mini-differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) scanner. Continuous carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature measurements conducted at a fumarole on the southern rim of the Lascar crater revealed a pronounced change in the trend of the relationship between the CO2 mixing ratio and the gas outlet temperature; we speculate that this change was associated with the prior precipitation event. An increased thermal anomaly inside the active crater as observed in Sentinel-2 images and drone overflights performed after the steam-driven explosion revealed the presence of a ∼50 m long fracture truncating the floor of the active crater, which coincides well with the location of the thermal anomaly. This study presents the chronology of events culminating in a steam-driven explosion but also demonstrates that phreatic explosions are difficult to predict, even if the volcano is thoroughly monitored; these findings emphasize why ascending to the summits of Lascar and similar volcanoes is hazardous, particularly after considerable precipitation.