bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic profile analysis of leiomyomas with bizarre nuclei and fumarate hydratase deficient leiomyomas: Strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of array‐CGH interpretation
Authors: Fontanges Quitterie , Dubos Paul , Lesluyes Tom , Laizet Yec'han , Velasco Valérie , Meléndez Bárbara , D'Haene Nicky , Oliva Esther , Young Robert H. , Mayeur Laetitia , Rebier Flora , Alamé Mélissa , Larmonier Claire , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan , Arnould Laurent , Soubeyran Isabelle , Chakiba Camille , Floquet Anne , Babin Guillaume , Guyon Frédéric , Mery Eliane , Le Guellec Sophie , Noël Jean‐Christophe , Croce Sabrina , Chibon Frédéric
Published: March 2024

A close relationship has been demonstrated between genomic complexity and clinical outcome in uterine smooth muscle tumors. We studied the genomic profiles by array‐CGH of 28 fumarate hydratase deficient leiomyomas and 37 leiomyomas with bizarre nuclei (LMBN) from 64 patients. Follow‐up was available for 46 patients (from three to 249 months, mean 87.3 months). All patients were alive without evidence of disease. For 51 array‐CGH interpretable tumors the mean Genomic Index (GI) was 16.4 (median: 9.8; from 1 to 57.8), significantly lower than the mean GI in LMS (mean GI 51.8, p < 0.001). We described three groups: (1) a group with FH deletion (24/58) with low GI (mean GI: 11 vs. 22,4, p = 0.02), (2) a group with TP53 deletion (17/58) with higher GI (22.4 vs. 11 p = 0.02), and (3) a group without genomic events on FH or TP53 genes (17/58) (mean GI:18.3; from 1 to 57.8). Because none of these tumors recurred and none showed morphological features of LMS we concluded that GI at the cut‐off of 10 was not applicable in these subtypes of LM. By integration of all those findings, a GI <10 in LMBN remains a valuable argument for benignity. Conversely, in LMBN a GI >10 or alteration in tumor suppressor genes, should not alone warrant a diagnosis of malignancy. Nine tumors were tested with Nanocind CINSARC® signature and all were classified in low risk of recurrence. We propose, based on our observations, a diagnostic approach of these challenging lesions.
MicroRNA copy number alterations in the malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Kimura Talita de Carvalho , Scarini João Figueira , Lavareze Luccas , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Coutinho‐Camillo Cláudia Malheiros , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino , Egal Erika Said Abu , Altemani Albina , Mariano Fernanda Viviane
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study used array comparative genomic hybridization to assess copy number alterations (CNAs) involving miRNA genes in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA), residual PA, and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA).

Materials and Methods

We analyzed 13 PA, 4 RPA, 29 CXPA, and 14 residual PA using Nexus Copy Number Discovery software. The miRNAs genes affected by CNAs were evaluated based on their expression patterns and subjected to pathway enrichment analysis.

Results

Across the groups, we found 216 CNAs affecting 2261 miRNA genes, with 117 in PA, 59 in RPA, 846 in residual PA, and 2555 in CXPA. The chromosome 8 showed higher involvement in altered miRNAs in PAs and CXPA patients. Six miRNA genes were shared among all groups. Additionally, miR‐21, miR‐455‐3p, miR‐140, miR‐320a, miR‐383, miR‐598, and miR‐486 were prominent CNAs found and is implicated in carcinogenesis of several malignant tumors. These miRNAs regulate critical signaling pathways such as aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and cancer‐related pathways.

Conclusion

This study was the first to explore CNAs in miRNA‐encoding genes in the PA‐CXPA sequence. The findings suggest the involvement of numerous miRNA genes in CXPA development and progression by regulating oncogenic signaling pathways.
Treatment discordance in the utilization of neck dissection for stage I‐II supraglottic tumors
Authors: Gilja Shivee , Vasan Vikram , Kumar Arvind , Roof Scott A. , Genden Eric M. , Kirke Diana N.
Published: March 2024

Background

In 2018, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network treatment guidelines began recommending the use of neck dissection during surgical management of stage I‐II supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Methods

Trends and factors associated with the use of neck dissection during larynx‐preserving surgery for patients with cT1‐2, N0, M0 supraglottic LSCC in the National Cancer Database (2004–2020) were evaluated using multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression.

Results

Of the 2080 patients who satisfied study eligibility criteria, 633 (30.4%) underwent neck dissection. Between 2018 and 2020, the rate of neck dissection was 39.0% (114/292). After multivariable adjustment, academic facility type, undergoing biopsy prior to surgery, and more radical surgery were significant predictors of receiving neck dissection.

Conclusions

The results of this national analysis suggest that the utilization of guideline‐concordant neck dissection for management of stage I‐II supraglottic LSCC remains low and highlight the need to promote the practice of neck dissection for this patient population.
Does the Central Nitrogen Atom Make a Difference? A Comparison of Non‐Coordinating Pyridine and Benzene Spacers in Multitopic Ligands
Authors: Housecroft Catherine E. , Constable Edwin C.
Published: March 2024

In metal coordination compounds of the divergent ligands 4,2′:6′,4“‐terpyridine and 3,2′:6′,3”‐terpyridine and their 4′‐functionalized derivatives, the central pyridine ring of the 4,2′:6′,4“‐terpyridine and 3,2′:6′,3”‐terpyridine domains is non‐coordinated. We present an overview of data from the Cambridge Structural Database to assess whether there are structural similarities between the coordination compounds of 4,2′:6′,4“‐tpy and 1,3‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)benzene, and between 3,2′:6′,3”‐tpy and 1,3‐di(pyridin‐3‐yl)benzene. Based upon structurally characterized compounds, it emerges that the coordination chemistry of ligands including one or more 4,2′:6′,4“‐terpyridine or 3,2′:6′,3”‐terpyridine metal‐binding domains is more abundantly exemplified than that of corresponding ligands based upon 1,3‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)benzene and 1,3‐di(pyridin‐3‐yl)benzene. We provide an overview of metallamacrocycles and cages, 1D‐coordination polymers and 2D‐ and 3D‐networks.
Submonomer Synthesis of Inverse Polyamidoamine (i‐PAMAM) Dendrimer Antibacterials
Authors: Personne Hippolyte , Hu Xiaoling , Bonvin Etienne , Reusser Jérémie , Reymond Jean‐Louis
Published: March 2024

Herein we report that the submonomer method for peptoid synthesis enables access to pure i‐PAMAM dendrimers up to 16 amino termini by a divergent solid‐phase synthesis using the inexpensive bis(3‐trifluoroacetamidopropyl)amine as branching unit. We exemplify this new and efficient approach by a structure‐activity relationship study of antibacterial dendrimers obtained by appending the polycationic i‐PAMAM dendrimer to a hydrophobic core consisting of either an oligoleucine peptide or an oligo‐N‐isobutylglycine peptoid. These non‐hemolytic dendrimers kill Gram‐negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli as well as the Gram‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by a non‐membrane disruptive mechanism involving aggregation of intracellular content as reported for antimicrobial peptoids.
Evaluation of severe adverse cutaneous drug reactions in patients admitted to tertiary care center: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Moshayedi Mohammad Amin , Asilian Ali , Mokhtari Fatemeh
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims

Adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDRs) are common and potentially life‐threatening, while also hindering patient compliance to medications. Given the regional differences in patterns and prevalence of ACDRs, it is important to study the epidemiology, as well as the clinical and outcome patterns of patients with ACDRs in Iran.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study on ACDRs was conducted among hospitalized patients in a referral university hospital in the city of Isfahan, Iran. The patients' demographics, clinical information, and outcomes, including age, gender, past medical history, medication history, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) diagnosis, Steven‐Johnson Syndrome (SJS) diagnosis, toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN) diagnosis, treatment regimen (steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG]) and outcome information, including intensive care requirements, severe medical complications, or death, were obtained from medical records.

Results

A total of 195 patients with a mean age of 40 years and consisting of 61% females were included. Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, sodium valproate, and phenytoin are the most commonly reported medications. Rate of complications was 45% with DRESS, SJS, and TEN diagnosed in 26%, 47%, and 19%, respectively. Treatment was carried out with steroids and IVIG in 81% and 19%, respectively. Among patients, 15% required intensive care and 5% died. Diagnosis of TEN, older age, and baseline heart disease were predictors of mortality. Patients with SJS were younger and more likely to be males, and they were more likely to have eye complications. On the other hand, patients with the diagnosis of TEN were more likely to receive IVIG and intensive care, and had a higher mortality rate.

Conclusion

Our study provides insight into the demographics and clinical patterns of Iranian patients with ACDRs. This will help in predicting rates of complications, treatments, and outcomes in patients and therefore make proper management decisions.
LTNE effects on two‐layer configuration with throughflow
Authors: Y. H. Gangadharaiah
Published: March 2024

The effect of throughflow on the beginning of convective motion in a fluid layer overlying a fluid‐saturated porous layer is examined theoretically in this article under the local thermal nonequilibrium model. We considered boundaries to be insulating to temperature perturbations. The normal mode approach is employed to analyze the governing equation for a composite configuration, with the solution sought through the regular perturbation technique to assess linear stability. The critical Rayleigh number, signifying the initiation of stationary convection, has been determined by solving the system of coupled equations. It is found that the system attains stability with increased porosity–conductivity ratios, regardless of the throughflow direction. This stability is consistently observed for depth ratios of 0.1 and 0.2. However, for higher depth ratios (0.5 and 1.0), the system exhibits dual nature stability when throughflow is present. Further, the stability of the system is enhanced by a graphical depiction illustrating how the throughflow parameter, porosity‐scaled conductivity ratio, depth ratio, Darcy number, and Prandtl number collectively influence the onset of convective motion.
Cover Image
Authors: Wu Jindong , Mi Qunzheng , Zhang Yi , Wu Tongning
Published: March 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article SVTNet: Automatic bone age assessment network based on TW3 method and vision transformer by Jindong Wu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.22990

image
Efficacy and safety of pinaverium bromide as an add‐on therapy in refractory dyspepsia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kamolsripat Thansita , Thinrungroj Nithi , Pinyopornpanish Kanokwan , Kijdamrongthum Phuripong , Leerapun Apinya , Chitapanarux Taned , Thongsawat Satawat , Praisontarangkul Ong‐Ard , Pojchamarnwiputh Suwalee
Published: March 2024

Background and Aim

Functional dyspepsia (FD) remains a therapeutic challenge, and the efficacy of antispasmodic agents as adjunctive therapy is not well established. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pinaverium bromide added to omeprazole in treating refractory FD.

Methods

We conducted a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in patients with refractory dyspepsia. Participants were randomly assigned to receive pinaverium (50 mg, 3 times/day, n = 36) or placebo (n = 36) in addition to omeprazole for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the responder rate for adequate relief. Secondary outcomes included the Global Overall Symptom Scale (GOSS), quality of life, and safety profile.

Results

No statistically significant differences were observed in the adequate relief response rate between the pinaverium bromide and control group at week 2 (58.3% vs. 62.9%, P = 0.697), week 4 (62.9% vs. 78.1%, P = 0.173), week 6 (64.7% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.363), and week 8 (64.7% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.363). Additionally, there were no significant differences observed in the decline of symptom score between the two groups at week 4 (8.4 ± 7.6 vs. 7.7 ± 7.1, P = 0.702) and week 8 (10.9 ± 8.2 vs. 8.4 ± 7.2, P = 0.196). Similarly, there were no significant differences in terms of quality of life between the two groups. Adverse event rates were also comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion

Pinaverium bromide was found to be safe in the treatment of refractory dyspepsia, but it did not demonstrate a significant benefit in improving symptoms.
Quantitative T2 Mapping of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Porões Fabio , Vietti Violi Naïk , Piazza Giulia , Uldry Emilie , Lázaro‐Fontanet Enrique , Gaspar‐Figueiredo Sérgio , Hilbert Tom , Ledoux Jean‐Baptiste , Denys Alban , Schütz Frédéric , Schmidt Sabine
Published: March 2024

Background

Quantification of the T2 signal by means of T2 mapping in acute pancreatitis (AP) has the potential to quantify the parenchymal edema. Quantitative T2 mapping may overcome the limitations of previously reported scoring systems for reliable assessment of AP.

Purpose

To evaluate MR‐derived pancreatic T2 mapping values in AP and correlate them with markers of disease severity.

Study Type

Prospective single‐center study.

Population

76 adults with AP (20–91 years, females/males: 39/37).

Field Strength/Sequence

Fat suppressed multiecho spin‐echo prototype sequence to quantify T2 signal at 3T MRI.

Assessment

The severity of AP was assessed clinically, biologically, and by contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) performed 48–72 hours after symptom onset. MRI was then performed ≤24 hours after CT. Two readers blinded to any clinical information independently evaluated the T2 values by placing three regions of interest inside the pancreatic head, body, and tail on the T2 mapping MR sequence. Results were compared with corresponding CECT images as the standard and clinical severity parameters, using the length of hospital stay as our primary endpoint.

Statistical Tests

Continuous variables were compared using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Student's t‐test.

Results

T2 values significantly correlated with the length of hospital stay (rs(74) = 0.29), CT severity index (CTSI) (rs(73) = 0.61; CTSI 0–3: 72 ± 14 msec, CTSI 4–10: 88 ± 15), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (t(2.77) = −3.41) and presence of organ failure (t(6.72) = −3.42), whereas the CTSI and Ranson score were not significantly related with ICU admission (CTSI: P = 0.24; Ranson score: P = 0.24) and organ failure (CTSI: P = 0.11; Ranson score P = 0.11).

Conclusion

T2 mapping correlates with AP severity parameters and is useful for assessing the severity of AP with higher sensitivity than the usual clinical and radiological scoring systems.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Endoscopic and histologic utility of transnasal endoscopy in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Shaul Eliana , Kennedy Kanak V. , Spergel Zachary C. , Daneshdoost Shanaz , Mahon Mark , Thanawala Shivani , Spergel Jonathan M. , Wilkins Benjamin , Ryan Matthew J. , Muir Amanda B.
Published: March 2024

Unsedated transnasal endoscopy (TNE) is an alternative method of examining the esophageal mucosa in pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), reducing cost, time, and risk associated with frequent surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD). Adequacy of transnasal esophageal biopsies for the evaluation of eosinophilic esophagitis histologic scoring system (EoEHSS) has not yet been evaluated. We compared procedure times, endoscopic findings, and EoEHSS scoring for EoE patients undergoing TNE versus standard EGD. Sixty‐six TNE patients and 132 EGD controls matched for age (mean age 14.0 years) and disease status (29.3% active) were included. Compared to patients undergoing standard EGD, patients undergoing TNE spent 1.94 h less in the GI suite (p < 0.0001), with comparable occurrence rates of all visual endoscopic findings and most EoEHSS components. TNE serves as a useful tool for long‐term disease surveillance, and consideration should be given to its use in clinical trials for EoE.
Vitamin B3 Containing Polymers for Nanodelivery
Authors: Mapfumo Prosper P. , Solomun Jana I. , Becker Friedrich , Moek Elisabeth , Leiske Meike N. , Rudolph Lenhard K. , Brendel Johannes C. , Traeger Anja
Published: March 2024

Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with an integrated dual delivery system enable the controlled release of bioactive molecules and drugs, providing therapeutic advantages. Key design targets include high biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and encapsulating efficiency. In this study, a polymer library derived from niacin, also known as vitamin B3 is synthesized. The library comprises poly(2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl nicotinate) (PAEN), poly(2‐acrylamidoethyl nicotinate) (PAAEN), and poly(N‐(2‐acrylamidoethyl)nicotinamide) (PAAENA), with varying hydrophilicity in the backbone and pendant group linker. All polymers are formulated, and those with increased hydrophobicity yield NPs with homogeneous spherical distribution and diameters below 150 nm, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Encapsulation studies utilizing a model drug, neutral lipid orange (NLO), reveal the influence of polymer backbone on encapsulation efficiency. Specifically, efficiencies of 46% and 96% are observed with acrylate and acrylamide backbones, respectively. Biological investigations showed that P(AEN) and P(AAEN) NPs are non‐toxic up to 300 µg mL−1, exhibit superior cellular uptake, and boost cell metabolic activity. The latter is attributed to the cellular release of niacin, a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a central coenzyme in metabolism. The results underline the potential of nutrient‐derived polymers as pro‐nutrient and drug‐delivery materials.
The performance of a self‐adherent foil system for the corrosion protection of steel substrates for offshore wind tower structures
Authors: Irmer Michael , Kelm Daniel , Marquardt Tom , Momber Andreas W. , Eiben K. , Buchbach Sascha
Published: March 2024

The application of multilayer organic protective coating systems with conventional liquid spray methods is complex, time‐ and energy‐consuming, and it requires extensive technical equipment. An alternative to these methods is the application of thin, self‐adherent foil systems directly to the steel substrate. The corrosion protection performance of newly developed foil systems was tested for various combinations of foil materials and pressure‐sensitive adhesives (with and without corrosion inhibitors) and different surface preparation parameters by means of accelerated cyclic laboratory tests with simulated offshore conditions. The adhesion properties were determined by means of peel tests. The tests were designed, by means of statistical methods (design of experiments, analysis of variance). A foil system with the following factor combination was found to provide an optimum performance: Surface preparation grade: Sa 2½; roughness: Rz = 50–75 µm; abrasive material: high‐carbon steel grit; adhesive layer thickness: 200 g/m2; inhibitor material: calcium aluminum polyphosphate silicate hydrate; foil material: polyvinylchloride (160 µm) + poly(methyl methacrylate) (40 µm).
A Solar Evaporator Based on Polypyrrole Coated 3D Carbon Nanotube Materials for Efficient Solar‐Driven Vapor Generation
Authors: Xun Hao , Wang Chuang , Yang Zhaohui , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: March 2024

Highly porous light absorbers are fabricated based on polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated carbon nanotube (CNT). Carbon nanotube sponge (CNTS) or carbon nanotube array (CNTA) with three‐dimensional (3D) network structure is the framework of porous light absorbers. Both PPy@CNTS and PPy@CNTA composites exhibit excellent light absorption of the full solar spectrum. The CNTS and CNTA with porous structures have extremely large effective surface area for light absorption and for water evaporation that has great practical benefit to the solar‐driven vapor generation. The PPy layer on CNT sidewalls significantly improves the hydrophilicity of porous CNTS and CNTA. The good wettability of water on CNT sidewalls makes water transport in porous CNT materials highly efficient. The PPy@CNTS and PPy@CNTA light absorbers achieve high water evaporation rates of 3.35 and 3.41 kg m−2 h−1, respectively, under 1‐sun radiation. The orientation of nano channels in CNTA‐based light absorbers also plays an important role in the solar‐driven vapor generation. The water transport and vapor escape are more efficient in CNTA‐based light absorbers as compared to the CNTS‐based light absorbers due to the relatively short path for the water transport and the vapor escape in CNTA‐based light absorbers.
Quantifying spatiotemporal variation of nearshore forage fish schools with aerial surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Authors: Donnelly Daniel , Arimitsu Mayumi , Pegau Scott , Piatt John
Published: March 2024

Objective

Changes in abundance and distribution of schooling forage fish, such as the Pacific Sand Lance Ammodytes hexapterus and Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii, can be difficult to document using traditional boat-based methods, especially in the shallow, nearshore habitats frequented by these species. In contrast, nearshore fish schools are easily observed and quantified from aircraft when light and sea conditions are favorable. We used aerial shoreline surveys to assess interannual variability in the distribution and abundance of schooling forage fish in Prince William Sound, Alaska, during the summers of 2010 and 2012–2022.

Methods

During the surveys, aerial observers classified fish schools by their size, species, and (in some cases) age-class. All observations were georeferenced along the flight path, converted to estimated surface area (m2) based on school diameter, and standardized by effort (shoreline kilometers surveyed).

Result

Pacific Herring were widely distributed, and school densities varied annually; there were several spikes in school density of up to 54.38 m2/km interspersed among years of lower average densities (7.73–25.57 m2/km). In contrast, Pacific Sand Lance were usually limited in their distribution to a few predictable locations. School density in these consistent areas varied across years, from a high of 50.98 m2/km in 2010 to a low of 0.15 m2/km in 2017. We validated 88 schools during aerial surveys conducted in 2014–2016 and 2019–2022, of which 76 (86%) were correctly identified to species.

Conclusion

Here, we provide indices of Pacific Herring and Pacific Sand Lance school density over time in shallow nearshore coastal areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska. These indices were generated from aerial surveys, which offer an effective alternative to boat-based surveys for tracking forage fish schools when they occur in shallow and nearshore coastal habitats.
Cognitive Impairment Is Part of the Phenotype of Cerebellar Ataxia, Neuropathy, Vestibular Areflexia Syndrome (CANVAS)
Authors: Dujardin Kathy , Tard Céline , Diglé Emily , Herlin Virginie , Mutez Eugénie , Davion Jean‐Baptiste , Wissocq Anna , Delforge Violette , Kuchcinski Gregory , Huin Vincent
Published: March 2024

Background

Little is known about the impact of the cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) on cognition.

Objective

Our objective was to determine the frequency and severity of cognitive impairment in RFC1‐positive patients and describe the pattern of deficits.

Methods

Participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Volume of the cerebellum and its lobules was measured in those who underwent a 3 Tesla‐magnetic resonance scan.

Results

Twenty‐one patients underwent a complete assessment, including 71% scoring lower than the cutoff at the Montreal Cognitive assessment and 71% having a definite cerebellar cognitive affective/Schmahmann syndrome. Three patients had dementia and seven met the criteria of mild cognitive impairment. Severity of cognitive impairment did not correlate with severity of clinical manifestations. Performance at memory and visuospatial functions tests negatively correlated with the severity of cerebellar manifestations.

Conclusion

Cognitive manifestations are frequent in RFC1‐related disorders. They should be included in the phenotype and screened systematically. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A Probiotic Targets Bile Acids Metabolism to Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis by Reducing Conjugated Bile Acids
Authors: Jingjing Fan , Weilin Jin , Shaochen Su , Aman Khan , Ying Wu , Yanyi Chen , Pengya Feng , Byong‐Hun Jeon , EL‐Sayed Salama , Zhenmin Ling , Pu Liu , Xiangkai Li
Published: March 2024

Scope: Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and dysregulated bile acids (BAs) metabolism have been linked to ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis. The possibility of utilizing live probiotics with a defined BAs‐metabolizing capability to modify the composition BAs for UC treatment remains unexplored.

Methods and results

In this study, Strain GR‐4 is sourced from traditional Chinese fermented food, “Jiangshui,” and demonstrated the ability to deconjugate two common conjugated BAs by over 69% and 98.47%, respectively. It administers strain GR‐4 to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced UC mice, and observes an overall alleviation of UC symptoms, as evidence by improved colon morphology, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and restores intestinal barrier function. Importantly, these effects are reliant on an intact commensal microbiota, as depletion of GM mitigated GR‐4s efficacy. Metabolomics analysis unveils a decline in conjugated BAs and an increase in secondary BAs following GR‐4 administration. GM analysis indicates that GR‐4 selectively enriches bacterial taxa linked to BAs metabolism, enhancing GM's capacity to modify BAs.

Conclusion

This research demonstrates the potential for natural fermented foods and probiotics to effectively manipulate BAs composition, including conjugated and secondary BAs, to alleviate UC symptoms, underscoring the benefits of these approaches for gut health.
Fetal Leydig cells: What we know and what we don't
Authors: Jiang Keer , Jorgensen Joan S.
Published: March 2024

During male fetal development, testosterone plays an essential role in the differentiation and maturation of the male reproductive system. Deficient fetal testosterone production can result in variations of sex differentiation that may cause infertility and even increased tumor incidence later in life. Fetal Leydig cells in the fetal testis are the major androgen source in mammals. Although fetal and adult Leydig cells are similar in their functions, they are two distinct cell types, and therefore, the knowledge of adult Leydig cells cannot be directly applied to understanding fetal Leydig cells. This review summarizes our current knowledge of fetal Leydig cells regarding their cell biology, developmental biology, and androgen production regulation in rodents and human. Fetal Leydig cells are present in basement membrane‐enclosed clusters in between testis cords. They originate from the mesonephros mesenchyme and the coelomic epithelium and start to differentiate upon receiving a Desert Hedgehog signal from Sertoli cells or being released from a NOTCH signal from endothelial cells. Mature fetal Leydig cells produce androgens. Human fetal Leydig cell steroidogenesis is LHCGR (Luteinizing Hormone Chronic Gonadotropin Receptor) dependent, while rodents are not, although other Gαs‐protein coupled receptors might be involved in rodent steroidogenesis regulation. Fetal steroidogenesis ceases after sex differentiation is completed, and some fetal Leydig cells dedifferentiate to serve as stem cells for adult testicular cell types. Significant gaps are acknowledged: (1) Why are adult and fetal Leydig cells different? (2) What arebona fideprogenitor and fetal Leydig cell markers? (3) Which signaling pathways and transcription factors regulate fetal Leydig cell steroidogenesis? It is critical to discover answers to these questions so that we can understand vulnerable targets in fetal Leydig cells and the mechanisms for androgen production that when disrupted, leads to variations in sex differentiation that range from subtle to complete sex reversal.
Repeated copper sulfate treatments have no effect on growth and survival of juvenile Walleye
Authors: Farmer Bradley D. , Straus David L. , Johnson J. Alan , Ledbetter Cynthia K. , Deshotel Michael B.
Published: March 2024

Objective

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of repeated copper sulfate (CuSO4) treatments on the growth and survival of juvenile Walleye Sander vitreus.

Methods

Culture tanks were treated with 0 or 0.76 mg/L CuSO4 every other day for five exposures, then were not treated for 14 consecutive days; this regimen was repeated for a total of 10 exposures over the course of 50 days. Copper sulfate treatments had a half-life of about 60 min. The study was conducted in flow-through well water at ≈1.5 L/m and 23.8°C.

Result

The resulting survival data for CuSO4 treated and nontreated fish was 96% and 85% survival, respectively, and not statically different. There was no difference in weight, with treated weighing 25.3 g compared to 25.2 g for nontreated control fish. Both groups had weight increases of over 400% during the study. Neither group differed in length, with treated fish reaching a mean length of 14.6 cm and nontreated reaching a mean length of 14.5 cm.

Conclusion

The results indicate that repeated CuSO4 treatments had no effect on Walleye growth or survival.
A MPM Lagrangian‐Eulerian hydrocode for simulating buried explosions in transversely isotropic geomaterials
Authors: Xiao Mian , Sun WaiChing
Published: March 2024

Shock waves in geological materials are characterized by a sudden release of rapidly expanding gas, liquid, and solid particles. These shock waves may occur due to explosive volcanic eruptions or be artificially triggered. In fact, underground explosions have often been used as an engineering solution for large‐scale excavation, stimulating oil and gas recovery, creating cavities for underground waste storage, and even extinguishing gas field fires. As such, hydrocodes capable of simulating the rapid and significant deformation under extreme conditions can be a valuable tool for ensuring the safety of the explosions. Nevertheless, as most of the hydrocodes are often formulated in an Eulerian grid, this setting makes it non‐trivial to track the deformation configuration of the materials without a level set. The objective of this paper is to propose the use of the material point method equipped with appropriate equation of state (EOS) models as a hydrocode suitable to simulate underground explosions of transverse isotropic geomaterials. To capture the anisotropic effect of the common layered soil deposits, we introduce a new MPM hydrocode where an anisotropic version of the Mie‐Gruneisen EOS is coupled with a frictional Drucker‐Prager plasticity model to replicate the high‐strain‐rate constitutive responses of soil. By leveraging the Lagrangian nature of material points to capture the historical dependence and the Eulerian calculation of internal force, the resultant model is capable of simulating the rapid evolution of geometry of the soil as well as the high‐strain‐rate soil mechanics of anisotropic materials.
Physicochemical characterization of a lycopene‐loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle formulation
Authors: Carvalho Gabriela Corrêa , Marena Gabriel Davi , do Nascimento André Luiz Carneiro Soares , de Camargo Bruna Almeida Furquim , Sábio Rafael Miguel , Lourenço Felipe Rebello , Santos Hélder A. , Chorilli Marlus
Published: March 2024

Lycopene (LYC), a carotenoid extracted mainly from tomatoes, has several biological properties, making its use desirable as a nutraceutical and pharmaceutical active ingredient. Among its various applications vulvovaginal candidiasis stands out. However, the use of LYC in therapy has limitations related to its solubility and stability. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are used to load and protect LYC from degradation. The exact amount of drug incorporated was determined by analytical techniques, such as high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thermal analysis. For this, we developed and validated an HPLC method for LYC quantification and evaluated LYC impregnation in MSNs, followed by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was also used in order to confirm drug incorporation. Additionally, an in vitro release study in simulated vaginal fluid was also carried out. The HPLC method was duly validated for the range of 26–125 µg mL−1 and proved to be suitable for LYC quantification. DSC measurements suggest an improvement in the stability of the impregnated drug, which was reinforced by the release assay. Overall, the developed method is suitable to quantify LYC‐loaded porous materials enabling its use in vaginal applications.
Group‐based instrumental musical training to enhance resilience among school‐aged children from low‐income families: A pilot randomised waitlist controlled trial
Authors: Cheung Ankie Tan , Ho Laurie Long Kwan , Li William Ho Cheung , Chan Godfrey Chi Fung , Choi Kai Chow , Chung Joyce Oi Kwan , Chan Carmen Yip Wing Han
Published: March 2024

Aim

To evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and potential effectiveness of a group‐based instrumental musical training programme in improving resilience, depressive symptoms, self‐esteem and quality of life among school‐aged children from low‐income families.

Design

Assessor‐blinded pilot randomised waitlist controlled trial with process evaluation.

Methods

This study was conducted in the community from January 2022 to July 2023. Sixty‐four children from low‐income families (aged 8–12 years) were randomised (1:1) to intervention and waitlist control groups. The intervention group (n = 32) received weekly 1‐hour instrumental musical training for 6 months in groups of four to five from professionally qualified musicians at a music centre. The participants in the waitlist control group (n = 32) received the same intervention as the participants in the intervention group after the completion of all outcome assessments. The primary outcome was the children's levels of resilience, measured using the Resilience Scale for Children – 10. The secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms, self‐esteem and quality of life. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0) and immediately post‐intervention (T1). An intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed.

Results

The 64 participants had a mean (SD) age of 9.5 (1.44) years, and 37 (57.8%) were boys. Compared with the waitlist control group, participants in the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in resilience levels from baseline to T0 (group‐by‐time interaction coefficient β = 4.41; 95% CI, 1.82–6.99; p = 0.001), depressive symptoms (β = −6.42; 95% CI, −11.12 to −1.71; p = 0.008), self‐esteem (β = −2.60; 95% CI, 0.28–4.92; p = 0.028) and quality of life (β = 6.69; 95% CI, 0.18–13.2; p = 0.044).

Conclusion

The group‐based instrumental musical training programme was feasible and acceptable for school‐aged underprivileged children and showed the potential to improve the resilience and quality of life of this vulnerable population.
Trends in Management of Ménière Disease: A TriNetX Network Database Analysis
Authors: Gallagher Tyler J. , Adams Meredith E. , Choi Janet S.
Published: March 2024

This study investigated management practices for Meniere's disease (MD) and their temporal trends from 2008 to 2022 within the TriNetX network database. Study cohort included adult patients (≥18 years) with the diagnosis of MD from TriNetX's multi‐institutional medical records (n = 77,493). MD diagnosis and management were queried based on the international classification of diseases, tenth revision, current procedural terminology, and RXNorm codes. Temporal trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression. There was significant increase in rates of relevant medications prescribed within 12 months of MD diagnosis from 2008 to 2022 (annual percent change [APC]: 1.2 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.4–1.9]). There were no significant changes in rate of intratympanic injection within 12 months of MD diagnosis (1.7 [95% CI: −1.1 to 4.5]). Rate of endolymphatic sac surgery and labyrinthectomy any time after MD diagnosis gradually decreased from 2008 to 2022 at APC of −8.1 (95% CI: −11.8 to −4.2) and −11.0 (95% CI: −14.0 to −7.7), respectively. Use of relevant medications has significantly increased during the early management of MD and the overall use of surgical treatments has decreased.
A multiscale modeling framework for predicting strain‐dependent electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube‐incorporated nanocomposites considering the electron tunneling effect
Authors: Kil Taegeon , Bae Jin‐Ho , Park Jihoon , Jang Daeik , Yang Beomjoo , Lee H. K.
Published: March 2024

The present work proposes a multiscale modeling framework for predicting the strain‐dependent electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐incorporated nanocomposites considering the electron tunneling effect. A micromechanical model taking into account the waviness of the CNTs is utilized and molecular dynamics simulations estimating changes in distance between CNTs in the polymer matrix are conducted in an attempt to incorporate the electron tunneling effect. A series of numerical parametric studies are carried out to examine the influence of model parameters (e.g., CNT length, number of CNT segments, and intrinsic interfacial resistivity) on the strain‐dependent electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. In addition, CNT/polydimethylsiloxane samples are fabricated and their strain‐dependent electrical conductivity is experimentally evaluated. Finally, to verify the predictive capability of the proposed modeling framework, the present predictions are compared with experimental results.

Highlights

A multiscale modeling framework of CNT‐incorporated nanocomposites is proposed.

A micromechanics model and molecular dynamics simulations are used.

The study includes a numerical parametric investigation.

The present predictions are compared with those obtained experimentally.
Development of machine learning models for the prediction of erosion wear of hybrid composites
Authors: Mahapatra Sourav Kumar , Satapathy Alok
Published: March 2024

This article reports on development of an adaptive framework for predicting the erosion performance of polymer composites using certain statistical and machine learning (ML) models. For this, ramie‐epoxy composites reinforced with variations (0–30 wt%) of sponge iron slag (an iron industry waste) are considered. The composites are fabricated and then subjected to high temperature solid particle erosion wear trials following Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. The effects of different control factors on the erosion rate in an interactive environment are appraised by analysis of variance (ANOVA) which reveals the filler content as the most significant factor contributing 66.21%, followed by impact velocity (22.86%) and impingement angle (2.28%). A regression model based on the input–output parameters obtained from experimentation is constructed for prediction of erosion rate. Further, four predictive models using different machine learning algorithms are also proposed to predict the erosion rate of the composites. The feasibility and performance of each ML model is assessed using appropriate performance metrics. Among all the models, the gradient boosting machine model is found to be the most reliable model exhibiting the highest prediction accuracy and least errors.

Highlights

Development of novel class of composites reinforced with sponge iron slag.

Database creation based on erosion wear experimentation on the composites.

Data‐driven modeling for prediction of erosion rates using machine learning.

Comparison of performance of different models and identifying the best one.
Tribological behavior and mechanism of Mo2Ti2C3/polyimide composite films under dry friction condition
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Chen Guojing , Huang Yufei , Ma Zhenqian , Yin Xuan , Chai Chunpeng
Published: March 2024

Polyimide (PI) has good mechanical properties and thermal stability, while high coefficient (COF) and wear rate limit its wide application. In order to endow PI with better friction and wear resistance, Mo2Ti2C3 MXene was used as solid lubricant to prepare Mo2Ti2C3/PI nanocomposites with different content of Mo2Ti2C3. The effect of the amount of Mo2Ti2C3 on the tribological behavior of PI was explored and the tribological mechanism was also analyzed Tribological tests showed that at 1.2 wt% of Mo2Ti2C3 addition, the composite material demonstrated superior friction and wear resistance, exhibiting a 19.9% decrease in the COF and a 79.7% decrease in the wear rate compared to single PI due to the good self‐lubricating properties of Mo2Ti2C3 MXene. Moreover, Mo2Ti2C3 can also effectively assist PI to form sleek transfer films without interruption or gaps on the steel balls, resulting in a reduced friction COF and wear rate of the material. This work demonstrates that Mo2Ti2C3 MXene is an aussichtsreich additive for polymers to improve the tribological properties and broadens the applications of Mo2Ti2C3/PI composites in friction material area.

Highlights

Mo2Ti2C3 significantly improves the tribological performance of polyimide.

The thermal properties of Mo2Ti2C3/polyimide are enhanced by the introduction of Mo2Ti2C3.

The minimum coefficient of Mo2Ti2C3/PI composites was only 0.246 at the 1.2 wt% content of Mo2Ti2C3.

The wear rate of Mo2Ti2C3/PI composites was decreased by 79.7% at the 1.2 wt% addition of Mo2Ti2C3.

Mo2Ti2C3 promotes the establishment of tribo‐film to protect the Mo2Ti2C3/PI composites from friction.
A novel biomimetic probe for galectin‐3 recognition: Chemical synthesis and structural characterization of a β‐galactose branched sodium hyaluronate
Authors: Nizzolo Sofia , Esposito Emiliano , Ni Ming‐Hong , Bertocchi Laura , Bianchini Giulio , Freato Nadia , Zanzoni Serena , Guerrini Marco , Bertini Sabrina
Published: March 2024

Sodium hyaluronate (HA), a derivative of hyaluronan, is a natural and biocompatible polysaccharide that interacts with cluster of differentiation‐44 receptor to promote fine‐tuning of inflammation, fibrosis, and tissue remodeling. HA has a smaller molecular weight than hyaluronan and is overall more stable being less prone to oxidation. In this study, we report a novel lactose‐functionalized sodium hyaluronate, named HYLACH®. Functionalization with multiple β‐galactose residues facilitates its interaction with galectin‐3, a β‐galactose binding lectin implicated in various pathological processes including inflammation, host defense, and fibrosis, especially critical in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Our strategy was to modify HA, to varying extents, at carboxyl sites with 1‐amino‐1‐deoxy‐lactitol, in the presence of 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methyl morpholinium chloride in aqueous media. We characterized the chemical structure, molecular weight, and degree of substitution of HYLACH® using NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. We further determined several key parameters including its stability toward enzymatic degradation and the binding affinity and conformational changes of galectin‐3 interaction with HYLACH®. Collectively, the generation of a novel functionalized HA with an ability to bind and suppress galectin‐3 function, in combination with safety and biocompatibility, offers the opportunity to test this compound in therapeutic trials of devastating fibrotic diseases such as IPF.
Confirmation and characterization of the first case of acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibitor resistance in Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus) in the US
Authors: Adari Manogna Devi , Pandian Balaji Aravindhan , Gaines Todd A. , Prasad PV Vara , Jugulam Mithila
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thumb.) is one of the problematic annual weeds in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and is generally controlled by acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Repeated use of the ALS inhibitor propoxycarbazone‐Na resulted in the evolution of resistance to this herbicide in three B. japonicus populations, i.e., R1, R2, and R3 in Kansas (KS). However, the level of resistance and mechanism conferring resistance in these populations is unknown. The objectives of this research were to (i) evaluate the level of resistance to propoxycarbazone‐Na in R1, R2, and R3 in comparison with a known susceptible population (S1), (ii) investigate the mechanism of resistance involved in conferring ALS‐inhibitor resistance, and (iii) investigate the cross‐resistance to other ALS inhibitors.

RESULTS

Dose–response (0 to 16x; x = 44 g ai ha−1 of propoxycarbazone‐Na) assay indicated 167, 125, and 667‐fold resistance in R1, R2 and R3 populations, respectively, compared to S1 population. ALS gene sequencing confirmed the mutations resulting in amino acid substitutions, i.e., Pro‐197‐Thr (R3, R1)/Ser (R2, R1) bestowing resistance to these ALS inhibitors. Such amino acid substitutions also showed differential cross‐resistance to sulfosulfuron, mesosulfuron‐methyl, pyroxsulam, and imazamox among resistant populations. Pretreatment with malathion (a cytochrome P450 enzyme‐inhibitor) followed by imazamox treatment suggested cross‐resistance to this herbicide possibly via metabolism only in R3 population.

CONCLUSION

Overall, these results confirm the first case of target‐site based resistance to ALS inhibitors in B. japonicus in the US, highlighting the need for exploring herbicides with alternative modes of action to enhance weed control in winter wheat. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of novel α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone derivatives containing benzothiophene moiety
Authors: Li Luwei , Hui Tuoping , Li Yuying , Wang Yaqiang , Gu Huiping , Chen Guangyou , Lei Peng , Gao Yanqing , Feng Juntao
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

The discovery of agricultural fungicide candidates from natural products is one of the key strategies for developing environment friendly agricultural fungicides with high efficiency, high selectivity and unique modes‐of‐action. Based on previous work, a series of novel α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone (MBL) derivatives containing benzothiophene moiety were designed and synthesized.

RESULTS

The majority of the proposed compounds displayed moderate to considerable antifungal efficacy against the tested pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, some exhibiting broad spectrum antifungal activity. Notably, compounds 2 (3‐F‐Ph) and 7 (4‐Cl‐Ph) showed excellent antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.94 and 0.99 mg L−1, respectively, comparable to the commercial fungicide tebuconazole (EC50 = 0.96 mg L−1), and also displayed significant inhibitory effects against V alsa mali with EC50 values of 2.26 and 1.67 mg L−1, respectively – better than famoxadone and carabrone. The in vivo protective and curative effects against R. solani of compound 2 were 57.2% and 53.7% at 100 mg L−1, respectively, which were equivalent to tebuconazole (51.6% and 52.4%). Further investigations found that compound 2 altered the ultrastructure of R. solani cell, significantly increased the relative conductivity of the cells, and reduced the activity of complex III in a dose‐dependent manner. Molecular docking results showed that compound 2 matched well with the Qo pocket.

CONCLUSION

The results revealed that MBL derivatives containing benzothiophene moiety are promising antifungal candidates and provide a new backbone structure for further optimization of novel fungicides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.