bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using self‐management strategies to improve toothbrushing for adults in supported community living
Authors: Miak Gatwech , Zane Thomas , Kuhn Robin M. , Koegel Lynn
Published: October 2024

Hygiene is an important area related to personal health and socialization. Regular toothbrushing can prevent painful procedures related to tooth decay and gum disease and reduce bad breath and plaque that may interfere with social and professional acceptance. Unfortunately, many individuals with disabilities do not engage in regular and thorough preventative dental hygiene, placing them at risk for oral disease. Using a multiple baseline design, three participants who independently brushed their teeth but did not brush frequently or thoroughly were taught to self‐evaluate and record using a self‐management (SM) checklist. The findings of this study suggest that SM may be a helpful method for improving the frequency and quality of toothbrushing. Outcomes regarding supporting individuals to achieve maximal independence in these essential life skills are discussed.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Sustainable Fluorescent Nanomaterials via Microwave Irradiation as a Probe for the Determination of Metformin in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Greenness and Whiteness Metrics
Authors: Abou El‐Alamin Maha M. , Mohamed Dina A. , Farag Amir Shaaban
Published: October 2024

A rapid, green and sensitive technique for the determination of metformin determination was developed based on the direct fluorescence enhancement of carbon dots (CDs) induced by the cited drug. The water‐soluble CDs were prepared via a one‐pot synthesis from avocado peels using domestic microwave. The prepared CDs exhibited strong fluorescence at 405 nm after excitation at 320 nm with a quantum yield of 51%. The fluorescence of CDs was enhanced linearly by increasing the concentration of metformin within the range 0.5–25 μg/mL with limit of detection 0.087 μg/mL and limit of quantification 0.263 μg/mL. The designed probe was proved to be selective toward metformin in the presence of other drugs such as vildagliptin and alogliptin and also in the presence of excipients in the pharmaceutical dosage form. The suggested and reported methods were compared with the help of the whiteness and greenness tools, specifically the white analytical chemistry and analytical greenness metric tools, for assessing hazardous solvents and reagents used.
Development of a rapid and robust hydrop interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of 13 endogenous amino acids as well as trimethylamine oxide in serum and tissues of the mice
Authors: Hu Didi , Liu Xudong , Yao Ying , Wei Shijie , Ji Hongyan , Yang Yang , Chen Jing , Chen Linwei
Published: October 2024

This work aimed to establish an HILIC‐MS/MS method to simultaneously determine the levels of 13 endogenous amino acids and trimethylamine oxide in the biological samples from the mice. Electrospray ion source was used for the analysis of mass spectrometry. The 20 min separation was applied in a Dikma Inspire Hilic column (2.1 × 100.0 mm, 3 μM). Positive ion mode under an MRM model gave a satisfying response value. The limits of quantitation were evaluated by accuracy from −12.59% to 7.89% and precision from 1.77% to 14.00% as well as acceptable interday and intraday precision, matrix effect, recovery, and stability. Later, the assay was successfully used to measure the concentrations of the determinands in the biological samples. Individual and tissue distribution differences for these metabolites were observable. The amino acids had a consistent highest content in the spleens, while the lowest levels were found in the livers. Alanine was the most abundant amino acid in the serum, and taurine kept the highest content in all of the tissues. Trimethylamine oxide remained low level, especially in the liver samples.
Sacrificial strategy towards the formation of vascular‐like networks in volumetric tissue constructs
Authors: Buckley Christian , Ibrahim Rana , Giordano Felicia , Xu Nuo , Sems Brandon , Wang Hongjun
Published: October 2024

The fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have made astounding progress in recent years, evidenced by cutting‐edge 4D printing technologies, precise gene editing tools, and sustained long‐term functionality of engineered tissue grafts. Despite these fantastic feats, the clinical success of tissue‐engineered constructs so far remains limited to only those relatively simple types of tissues such as thin bilayer skin equivalents or avascular cartilage. On the other hand, volumetric tissues (larger than a few millimeters in all dimensions), which are highly desirable for clinical utility, suffer from poor oxygen supply due to limited dimensional diffusion. Notably, large, complex tissues typically require a vascular network to supply the growing cells with nutrients for metabolic demands to prolong viability and support tissue formation. In recognition, extensive efforts have been made to create vascular‐like networks in order to facilitate mass exchange through volumetric scaffolds. This review underlines the urgent need for continued research to create more complex and functional vascular networks, which is crucial for generating viable volumetric tissues, and highlights the recent advances in sacrificial template‐enabled formation of vascular‐like networks.
Does EMA implementation promote green innovation? The mediation effects of both cross‐functional coopetition and supplier co‐creation
Authors: Xu Yizhen , Cheah Jun‐Hwa , Hair Joseph F. , Liu Yide
Published: October 2024

The call for green innovation necessitates the creation of an ecosystem that is friendly to the environment. Certain environmental regulations and standards are put in place to foster this type of innovation. However, there are many literature debates on the impact of guidelines and management controls on green innovation. Drawing on both the resource‐based view (RBV) and dynamic capability theory (DCT), this study investigates the impact of environmental management accounting (EMA) implementation on green process and product innovation, considering the mediating effects of cross‐functional coopetition and supplier co‐creation. Multi‐wave surveys were conducted across 799 Chinese companies. The results show that EMA implementation has a positive effect on both cross‐functional coopetition and co‐creation. In addition, cross‐functional coopetition serves to mediate the relationship between EMA implementation and both green process and product innovation. However, it should be noted that supplier co‐creation only serves to mediate the relationship between EMA implementation and green process innovation, rather than green product innovation. Overall, this research adds to the RBV literature by offering a fresh perspective on the role of cross‐functional coopetition in situations where resources are shared and conflicts occur simultaneously. Furthermore, the study enhances our understanding of DCT by examining the role of supplier co‐creation. This research delves into how companies balance resource availability with environmental adaptability, striking a balance between replication and renewal.
Innovative optical imaging strategies for monitoring immunotherapy in the tumor microenvironments
Authors: Um‐e‐Kalsoom  , Wang Shiqi , Qu Junle , Liu Liwei
Published: October 2024

Background

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer progression and response to immunotherapy. Immunotherapy targeting the immune system has emerged as a promising treatment modality, but challenges in understanding the TME limit its efficacy. Optical imaging strategies offer noninvasive, real‐time insights into the interactions between immune cells and the TME.

Objective

This review assesses the progress of optical imaging technologies in monitoring immunotherapy within the TME and explores their potential applications in clinical trials and personalized cancer treatment.

Methods

This is a comprehensive literature review based on the advances in optical imaging modalities including fluorescence imaging (FLI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and photoacoustic imaging (PAI). These modalities were analyzed for their capacity to provide high‐resolution, real‐time imaging of immune cell dynamics, tumor vasculature, and other critical components of the TME.

Results

Optical imaging techniques have shown significant potential in tracking immune cell infiltration, assessing immune checkpoint inhibitors, and visualizing drug delivery within the TME. Technologies like FLI and BLI are pivotal in tracking immune responses in preclinical models, while PAI provides functional imaging with deeper tissue penetration. The integration of these modalities with immunotherapy holds promise for improving treatment monitoring and outcomes.

Conclusion

Optical imaging is a powerful tool for understanding the complexities of the TME and optimizing immunotherapy. Further advancements in imaging technologies, combined with nanomaterial‐based approaches, could pave the way for enhanced diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.
Network Analyses Applied to the Dimensions of Cancer‐Related Fatigue in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Baussard Louise , Ernst Marie , Diep Anh , Jerusalem Guy , Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey , Marie Nolwenn , Bragard Isabelle , Faymonville Marie‐Elisabeth , Gosseries Olivia , Grégoire Charlotte
Published: October 2024

Background

Understanding cancer symptom cluster through network analyses is a new approach in oncology, revealing interconnected and influential relationships among reported symptoms. We aimed to assess these relationships using network analysis in posttreatment breast cancer patients, focusing on the five dimensions of cancer‐related fatigue (CRF), and on other common difficulties encountered by oncological patients (i.e., pain, anxiety, depression, sleep difficulties, cognitive impairments, and emotion regulation and mental adaptation difficulties).

Method

This study involved a complementary analysis of data from two interventional studies. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the intervention, with baseline scores being used in this article. Partial correlation network analysis modeled the relationships between symptoms in five distinct networks, each of them including one specific dimension of CRF. The core symptom in each network was identified based on the highest centrality indices.

Results

Depression emerged as the core symptom in all networks, strongly associated with all fatigue dimensions (partial correlations ranging from 0.183 to 0.269) except mental fatigue. These findings indicate robust connections between symptoms, as variations in depression scores directly or indirectly influence fatigue and other symptoms within the cluster.

Conclusion

Our results support the multidimensional aspect of CRF, and its links with other common symptoms. To effectively reduce patient CRF, interventions should address not only fatigue but also the closely related symptoms from the cluster, such as depression, given its centrality in the cluster.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03144154 and NCT04873661). Retrospectively registered on May 1, 2017 and April 29, 2021, respectively.
A New Approach to Ultra‐Low Anterior Resection—Intersphincteric Dissection With Total Hiatal Ligament Excision for Very Low Rectal Cancer Located in the Posterior Wall of the Rectum: A More Satisfactory Technique for Local Recurrence Control
Authors: Li Shoufeng , Wang Ye , Cai Huajun , Pan Zhen , Liu Xing , Zhuang Jinfu , Guan Guoxian
Published: October 2024

Background

The hiatal ligament, as the anatomical landmark for the completion of total mesorectal excision (TME) for ultra‐low rectal cancer, represents a continuation of the longitudinal muscle of the rectum. It receives vascular supply from the median sacral artery and contains lymphatic vessels. In cases where ultra‐low rectal cancer is located in the posterior rectal wall, the hiatal ligament may theoretically serve as an anatomical region susceptible to direct tumor cell spread or distant metastasis.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of circumferential tumor location (CTL) on postoperative survival of low rectal cancer and to determine the effect of total hiatal ligament excision (THLE) on the prognosis of patients with posterior rectal cancer.

Methods

Patients with ultra‐low rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgery between March 2014 and October 2021 were enrolled in this study. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients in the posterior group and the non‐posterior group. Prognostic factors were identified using COX regression. PSM analysis was also used in the posterior tumor subgroup to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients in the hiatal ligament traditional transection (HLTT) and THLE groups.

Results

After PSM, OS, and DFS were comparable between the posterior and non‐posterior groups. Similarly, no difference was noted in the local recurrence rate between the two groups (p = 0.23). The prognosis of ultra‐low rectal cancer was not affected by CTL. However, the local recurrence rate was significantly lower in the THLE group compared with the HLTT group (p = 0.023). Multivariate analysis of the posterior group identified CRM, TNM stage III, and HLTT as independent risk factors for local recurrence‐free survival.

Conclusions

CTL is not a prognostic risk factor for low rectal cancer. In posterior wall tumors, THLE significantly reduces the local recurrence rate for low rectal cancer.
Predictive Significance of Combined Plasmatic Detection of BRAF Mutations and S100B Tumor Marker in Early‐Stage Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Polivka Jiri , Gouda Mohamed A. , Sharif Mahyar , Pesta Martin , Huang Helen , Treskova Inka , Woznica Vlastimil , Windrichova Jindra , Houfkova Katerina , Kucera Radek , Fikrle Tomas , Ricar Jan , Pivovarcikova Kristyna , Topolcan Ondrej , Janku Filip
Published: October 2024

Background

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer with ability to recur also after early‐stage tumor surgery. The aim was to identify early‐stage melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence using liquid biopsy, estimating of mutated BRAF ctDNA and the level of tumor marker S100B in plasma.

Methods

Eighty patients were enrolled in the study. BRAF V600E mutation was determined in FFPE tissue and plasma samples using ultrasensitive ddPCR with pre‐amplification. The level of S100B was determined in plasma by immunoassay chemiluminescent method.

Results

The best prediction of melanoma recurrence after surgery was observed in patients with combined high level of S100B (S100Bhigh) and ctDNA BRAFV600E (BRAFmut) in preoperative (57.1% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.025) as well as postoperative blood samples (83.3% vs. 14.3%, resp., p = 0.001) in comparison with low S100B and BRAF wild‐type. Similarly, patients with preoperative and postoperative S100Bhigh and BRAFmut experienced worse prognosis (DFI p = 0.05, OS p = 0.131 and DFI p = 0.001, OS = 0.001, resp.).

Conclusion

We observed the benefit of the estimation of combination of S100B and ctDNA BRAFmut in peripheral blood for identification of patients at high risk of recurrence and unfavorable prognosis.

Significance

There is still no general consensus on molecular markers for deciding the appropriateness of adjuvant treatment of early‐stage melanoma. We have shown for the first time that the combined determination of the ctDNA BRAFmut oncogene (liquid biopsy) and the high level of tumor marker S100B in pre‐ and postoperative plasma samples can identify patients with the worst prognosis and the highest risk of tumor recurrence. Therefore, modern adjuvant therapy would be appropriate for these patients with resectable melanoma, regardless of disease stage.
Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Using FTIR and LC‐HRMS for Differentiating Sonchus arvensis Plant Parts and Evaluating Their Biological Activity
Authors: Maslahat Mamay , Mardinata Dion , Surur Siti Maspupatu , Lioe Hanifah Nuryani , Syafitri Utami Dyah , Rafi Mohamad , Rohaeti Eti
Published: October 2024

The composition and concentration of compounds in medicinal plants vary based on several factors, including the specific part of the plant being used. These variations in composition and concentration lead to differences in biological activity levels. In this study, we aimed to assess the phytochemical profile of Sonchus arvensis and to investigate the biological activity of different plant parts (roots, stems, and leaves) using a metabolomics approach. We analyzed the plant extracts for total phenolic and flavonoid levels, antioxidant activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibition. We also conducted metabolite profiling using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 17 metabolites were identified (13 in leaves, 10 in stems, and 9 in roots). Principal component analysis effectively differentiated S. arvensis extracts based on differences in plant parts. These findings indicate that the quantity and diversity of metabolites present in the roots, stems, and leaves influence the biological activity of S. arvensis.
In‐silico and In‐vitro Investigation of Flavonoids and Alkaloids from Artocarpus heterophyllus, Tinospora cordifolia, and Glycosmis pentaphylla as Potential NF‐κB Inhibitors in Oral Cancer
Authors: Gotsurve Komal Nagesh , Das Joyeeta , Kutre Suraj , Teja Parusu Kavya , Rathod Rajeshwari , Chauthe Siddheshwar K. , Behera Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Oral cancer is a global health concern, particularly because of its aggressive tissue invasion and metastases, holding 16th position on occurrence among all carcinoma worldwide. The aberrated transcription factor NF‐κB1 influences development and spread of oral cancer, making it a potential therapeutic target. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of a few natural compounds from Artocarpus heterophyllus, Tinospora cordifolia, and Glycosmis pentaphylla in the treatment of oral cancer. Two FDA‐approved drugs (5‐fluorouracil, Docetaxel) and 16 natural compounds, including Artocarpin, Artocarpanone, Cycloartocarpin from Artocarpus heterophyllus; Berberine, Hydrastine, Magnoflorine, Palmatine Chloride, Tetrahydropalmatine from Tinospora cordifolia; and 5‐Hydroxyarborinine, 5‐Hydroxynoracronycine, 1‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐10‐methyl‐9‐acridone, Des‐N‐methylacronycine, Des‐N‐methylnoracronycine, Kokusagenine, Noracronycin, Skimmianine from Glycosmis pentaphylla were examined using in‐silico techniques. Among the 16 natural compounds studied, Hydrastine shown the highest binding energy (−6.87 kcal/mol) against NF‐κB1, surpassing all other drugs, including the standards 5‐fluorouracil (−4.04 kcal/mol) and docetaxel (−2.4 kcal/mol). Further molecular dynamics simulations and in‐vitro experiments verified Hydrastine's exceptional anti‐cancer activity. The results of in‐vitro were well‐aligned with the findings of in‐silico, revealing considerable cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest. The findings revealed natural compounds’ potential as safer, more effective alternatives to current cancer therapeutics, opening up new avenues for oral cancer treatment.
An Expanded Substrate Spectrum of Sulfide:Quinone Oxidoreductase Found in Pollutant Degrading Bacteria
Authors: Fang Shiqi , Lu Jinfeng , Zhou Wenwen , Sun Chao , Chen Guoqing , Tang Yuhang , Chen Dongzhi , Li Jun
Published: October 2024

Sulfide:Quinone Oxidoreductase (Sqr) Catalyzes The Initial Procedure On Sulfide Transformation, Alongside Sulfide (H2S, S2−) Oxidization Coupled With Coenzyme Q (CoQ) Reducing And Reactive Sulfur Species (RSS) Production. Here, We Assessed The Reactivity Of Propanethiol (PT) As An Alternative Substrate For Sqr To Maintain Intracellular Homeostasis In Strain S‐1 Capable Of Degrading Emerging Sulfur‐Containing Pollutants. We Deleted A Gene Encoding Sqr, And Serial Transcriptional Difference Induced By RSS Dynamics Was Therefore Revealed. Next, The Reaction Properties Of Two Sqr Homologs From Strains JMP134 And S‐1 Were Comparatively Characterized, Respectively. As A Result, An Additional Role Of Sqr In Yielding RSS From PT Was Found In Reaction Mixture Prepared By Cell‐Free Extracts Or Purified Enzymes. Interestingly, The Transformation Velocity Of PT By Sqr Was Slower Than That Of Sulfides. From This Scenario, It Was A Rate‐Determining Step That PT As A Nucleophilic Compound Can Be Added Into Sqr Cysteine To Form Disulfide Bond And Likely Serve Nonoptimal Sulfur Recipient. In Addition, The Role Of Persulfidation Driven By RSS In Combating Oxidative And Sulfur Stresses Required To Be Further Clarified. Nevertheless, This Promiscuity Of Sqr‐Binding Organosulfur Compounds And Its Catalytic Modulation Underscored That Expanded Substrates Might Benefit Sulfide Homeostasis In Thiol‐Degrading Bacteria.
Neuroendocrine tumor mimicking a recalcitrant vocal fold granuloma: Appearances can be deceiving
Authors: Lazzeroni Matteo , Pini Giuditta , Solimeno Lorenzo Salvatore , Pescia Carlo , Runza Letterio , Pignataro Lorenzo , Cantarella Giovanna
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

Posterior glottic lesions resembling granulomas unresponsive to conservative treatment should raise suspicion of a neoplastic condition. Although surgery is rarely recommended for arytenoid granulomas due to their high recurrence rate, histological evaluation is mandatory in cases of uncertain diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware that, although very rare, a laryngeal neuroendocrine tumor occurring in the posterior glottis can mimic the appearance of an idiopathic granuloma, presenting a diagnostic challenge.
A case of spinal metastasis with osteoblastic lesion: The risk of epidural extension and paralysis
Authors: Ino Tasuku , Toda Yu , Hirata Hirohito , Yoshihara Tomohito , Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Mawatari Masaaki , Morimoto Tadatsugu
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

One patient with metastatic spinal tumors from colorectal cancer experienced malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC). Determining the extent of the lesion using magnetic resonance imaging is essential, even if the lesion is osteoblastic. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the risk of MSCC in patients with metastatic spinal tumors.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C(4)−H Fluoroalkoxylation of Indoles Through Weak Chelation Assistance
Authors: Vijaykumar Muniyappa , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Punji Benudhar
Published: October 2024

Installing fluoroalkyl motifs into biorelevant indoles is particularly interesting due to their ubiquitous presence in drug molecules. Herein, we demonstrate the regioselective C4 fluoroalkoxylation of indoles using fluoroalcohols via palladium‐catalyzed chelation‐assisted C─H activation. The weak chelating benzoyl moiety at the C3 position acts as a directing group for remote C(4)─H fluoroalkoxylation of diversely substituted indoles. This methodology demonstrates a high level of regioselectivity and tolerates a range of crucial functional groups, yielding diverse trifluoroalkoxylated indoles in moderate to good yields. Removal of directing/protecting groups and further functionalization established the synthetic utility of the methodology. A preliminary mechanistic investigation is conducted by isolating the palladacycle intermediate and performing the deuterium scrambling study.
Water Chemistry at the Nanoscale: Clues for Resolving the “Water Paradox” Underlying the Emergence of Life
Authors: Lee Hye‐Eun , Russell Michael , Nakamura Ryuhei
Published: October 2024

Water is the most common, yet highly peculiar, liquid on Earth. Biological systems manipulate the properties of water to perform reactions that are extremely difficult in synthetic chemistry. One such example is polymerization, which is essential for life and requires the removal of water; however, the removal of water adversely affects the redox reactions that harness the free energy to sustain life. This dichotomy in the water chemistry of life is referred to as the “water paradox”, which remains an unsolved puzzle in the origins of life research. In the present concept paper, we propose that the water paradox may be resolved if anomalous water behavior, including the extremely low dielectric constant and modulation of the enthalpy‐entropy compensation relationship arising from nanoscale confinement, are considered. The unique properties of confined water allow for polymerization reactions to proceed even in water‐rich hydrothermal vent (HV) environments due to the structurally aligned nanopores within HV walls. Studies of how structural changes in water networks in nano‐spaces affect catalysis and free energy exchange represent the next frontier in the field of origins of life research and synthetic chemistry.
Designing Alkylammonium Cations for Enhanced Solubility of Anionic Active Materials in Redox Flow Batteries: The Role of Bulk and Chain Length
Authors: Visayas Benjoe Rey B. , Pahari Shyam K. , Poudel Tulsi M. , Golen James A. , Cappillino Patrick J. , Mayes Maricris L.
Published: October 2024

Advancing grid‐scale energy storage technologies is crucial for realizing a fully renewable energy landscape, with non‐aqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs) presenting a promising solution. One of the current challenges in NRFBs stems from the low energy density of redox active materials, primarily due to their limited solubility in non‐aqueous solvents. Herein, this study explores the solubility of vanadium(IV/V) bis‐hydroxyiminodiacetate (VBH) crystals in acetonitrile, aiming to use them as anionic catholytes in NRFBs. We focused on enhancing VBH solubility by modifying the structure of the alkylammonium cation. Employing periodic density functional theory and a solvation model, we calculated the dissolution free energy
), which includes sublimation (
) and solvation (
) energies. Our results indicate that neither elongating straight‐chain alkyl groups beyond a tetrabutylammonium baseline nor introducing bulky substituents at the nitrogen center significantly enhances solubility. However, the introduction of carbon spacers combined with terminal bulky substituents markedly improves solubility by favorably altering both
and
. These findings underline the nuanced impact of cation structure on solubility and suggest a viable approach to optimize VBH‐based anionic catholytes. This advancement promises to enhance NRFB efficiency and sustainability, marking a significant step forward in energy storage technology.
Science‐Based Mobile Apps for Reducing Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Doğan Türkan , Koçtürk Nilüfer , Akın Ercan , Kurnaz M. Furkan , Öztürk Cemile Dur , Şen Ali , Yalçın Mehmet
Published: October 2024

This systematic review and meta‐analysis examines the effectiveness of science‐based mobile apps for reducing anxiety. A systematic review was employed to identify experimental studies on science‐based mobile applications developed anxiety disorders. International databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and ProQuest were searched to locate relevant articles. After the systematic review, 16 (k = 20) experimental studies on the effectiveness of science‐based mobile apps for reducing anxiety that met the inclusion criteria were included in the meta‐analysis study. The analysis findings concluded that science‐based mobile apps have a noteworthy impact on reducing anxiety symptoms. Additionally, the moderator analysis indicated that various factors, including participant characteristics (such as gender and age), methodological factors (such as the measurement tool for anxiety and type of control group) and the intervention duration, play a crucial role in this impact. These findings suggest that science‐based mobile apps can provide a helpful tool for individuals seeking to manage their anxiety symptoms and that a range of therapeutic techniques, such as mindfulness, cognitive restructuring and psychoeducation, can be effectively employed in these apps.
Elite germplasm introduction, training set composition, and genetic optimization algorithms effect on genomic selection‐based breeding programs
Authors: Fritsche‐Neto Roberto , Yassue Rafael Massahiro , da Silva Allison Vieira , Prado Melina , DoVale Júlio César
Published: October 2024

In genomic selection (GS), the prediction accuracy is heavily influenced by the composition of the training set (TS). Currently, two primary strategies for building TS are used: one involves accumulating historical phenotypic records from multiple years, while the other is the “test‐and‐shelf” approach. Additionally, studies have suggested that optimizing TS composition using genetic algorithms can improve the accuracy of prediction models. Most breeders operate in open systems, introducing new genetic variability into their populations as needed. However, the impact of elite germplasm introduction in GS models remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a case study in self‐pollinated crops using stochastic simulations to understand the effects of elite germplasm introduction, TS composition, and its optimization in long‐term breeding programs. Overall, introducing external elite germplasm reduces the prediction accuracy. In this context, test and shelf seem more stable regarding accuracy in dealing with introductions despite the origin and rate, being useful in programs where the introductions come from different sources over the years. Conversely, using historical data, if the introductions come from the same source over the cycles, this negative effect is reduced as long as the cycles and this approach become the best. Thus, it may support public breeding programs in establishing networks of collaborations where the exchange of germplasm will occur at a predefined rate and flow. In either case, the use of algorithms of optimization to trim the genetic variability does not bring a substantial advantage in the medium to long term.
Magnetic Supraparticles as Identifiers in Single‐Layer Lithium‐Ion Battery Pouch Cells
Authors: Deuso Sara Li , Ziegler Simon , Weber Daniel , Breuer Felix , Haddad Daniel , Müssig Stephan , Flegler Andreas , Giffin Guinevere A. , Mandel Karl
Published: October 2024

The development of effective recycling technologies is essential for the recovery and reuse of the raw materials required for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Future recycling processes depend on accessible information, necessitating the implementation of a digital battery passport. The European battery regulation mandates the use of a machine‐readable identifier physically attached to the batteries for accessing digital information. Since externally applied optical labels are vulnerable to mechanical damage, technologies for identification without these restrictions could be beneficial. This study demonstrates that magnetic supraparticles (SPs) can be used for contactless identification of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) battery pouch cells via magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) and that multiple pouch cells can be discriminated based on their specific magnetic code. A comparison of three independent model scenarios revealed that the detection of SPs and the impact on cell performance are dependent on the integration location. The results validate the concept of magnetic identification in metallic environments with MPS as an alternative to optical labeling methods. This study provides a foundation for the development of a new selective labeling and identification technology for batteries, with the potential to facilitate recycling and contribute to a more sustainable future.
Precursor Development and Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition for BiVO4 and W‐Doped BiVO4 Photoanodes: A Universal Ligand Approach
Authors: Harris‐Lee Thom R. , Surman Matthew K. , Straiton Andrew J. , Marken Frank , Johnson Andrew L.
Published: October 2024

Green hydrogen production is a key area of importance for advancing into a completely sustainable world, not only for its use in industry and ammonia production, but also for its potential as a new fuel. One promising method for generating green hydrogen is light‐driven water splitting using photoelectrodes. Here, a bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode deposition process was developed using new, bespoke dual‐source precursors, tailored for use in aerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD). The resulting thin films were highly nanostructured and consisted of phase‐pure monoclinic BiVO4. Pristine films under 1 sun solar irradiation yielded photocurrent densities of 1.23 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE and a peak incident photon‐electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 82 % at 674 nm, the highest performance of any CVD‐grown BiVO4 film to date. A new, AACVD‐compatible WO3 precursor was subsequently designed and synthesised for the deposition of W‐doped BiVO4 within the same single deposition step.
A low‐RCS dual‐bandstop golden ratio‐based fractal‐FSS for defense applications
Authors: Solunke Yogesh , Kothari Ashwin
Published: October 2024

A single‐layer, dual‐band, low‐profile golden‐frequency selective surface (G‐FSS) for electromagnetic wave shielding in defense applications is presented in this study. The unit cells, based on a golden ratio fractal design and incorporating stub‐shaped conducting strips, have been carefully designed and fabricated. The designed G‐FSS structure was built on an FR‐4 substrate, and its performance was tested in an anechoic chamber. The G‐FSS has two stop bands at 5.68 and 8.75 GHz, which shield devices operating in the C‐band and X‐band frequency ranges. The unit cell size of the proposed G‐FSS considering is the wavelength of the first resonant frequency is . The dual‐band frequency selective surface (FSS) is designed symmetrically, which results in a consistent stop‐band response for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, and it also demonstrates high stability across different angles. Also, a characteristics modal analysis with conformal and radar cross‐section (RCS) analysis was performed to validate the structure. The simulation results closely match the experimental findings, indicating strong consistency between the two data sets.
Performance Analysis of a CR‐Enabled Energy‐Efficient Device‐to‐Device Network With Ambient Backscattering and NOMA
Authors: Chidambaram Saranya K. , Nallagonda Srinivas , Choukiker Yogesh K. , Bhowmick Abhijit
Published: October 2024

A cooperative device‐to‐device (D2D) communication system with cognitive radio (CR) enabled that integrates ambient backscattering (AB) and energy harvesting is studied in this paper. Cellular network (CN) resources are exploited by D2D users. The transmission between source and destinations is hybrid (overlay or underlay) based on sensing information. In overlay, cellular users (CUs) are absent in the given channel; thus, relay transmits with high power based on available harvested energy. On the other hand, in underlay CUs are present, and they communicate with each other via base station (BS); thus, in D2D network, relay transmits with controlled power using nonorthogonal multiple‐access (NOMA) technique. In contrast to the conventional hybrid transmission, in the proposed work, relay adopts the ambient backscatter communications (ABCs) in underlay because RF signal of BS is available. The relay first backscatters the source information using available RF signal of BS; thereafter, it uses its own battery for controlled transmission and keeps the interference to the CU receiver within a tolerable limit. Spectrum sensing (SS) and a transmit power limitation are taken into consideration while developing analytical models for throughput, outage, and energy efficiency (EE). An algorithm is proposed to optimize the relay transmit power in the underlay scenario. Through meticulous simulation, the network performance in terms of throughput, outage, and EE is examined for hybrid transmission with ABCs.
Technology‐based instrumental activities of daily living in persons with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders
Authors: Benge Jared F. , Ali Arsh , Chandna Neha , Rana Noor , Mis Rachel , González David A. , Kiselica Andrew M. , Scullin Michael K. , Hilsabeck Robin C.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) increasingly involve technology (e.g., making payments online, texting). The current study examined the applicability and diagnostic accuracy of technology‐based iADLs in those evaluated for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

METHODS

A total of 264 care partners of persons undergoing comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations completed the Functional Activities Questionnaire and 11 technology‐based iADL items.

RESULTS

Technology‐based iADLs applied to more than 80% of patients. Average dependence on technology‐based items was overall less than for traditional iADLs. The addition of technology‐based items to traditional iADL items slightly improved the ability to identify individuals with dementia. When considered separately, technology‐based iADL items demonstrated comparable ability to distinguish between diagnostic stages.

DISCUSSION

Technology use is common in older adults with ADRD for a range of daily activities. Accounting for technology use increases the content validity of existing iADL measures for the modern context and yields comparable diagnostic accuracy.

Highlights

Technology use is often integral to daily activity performance for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Daily technologies, such as smartphones, were used frequently by those with ADRD.

Many individuals were less dependent on technology activities than traditional activities.

Adding technology questions slightly increased diagnostic accuracy for detecting dementia.
Modeling the Distribution and Environmental Preferences of the Ladakh Urial in the Arid Himalayas
Authors: Lambe Jeremy Roy , Raza Mohd , Namgail Tsewang
Published: October 2024

Mountains play a crucial role in shaping the climate of an area and subsequently, the environments and species that are suited to those particular conditions. Understanding the relationships between environmental conditions and their influence on the occurrence of a species is necessary to make informed decisions when conserving relevant habitats. This study evaluated and compared the potential for different interactions between climatic variables to describe the environmental preferences and the range of the Ladakh urial, a narrowly distributed sub‐species of Ovis vignei, in the arid Himalayas. Species distribution models were created from spatially thinned presence‐only occurrence data of 50 locations using a Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model. For this, we subdivided the modeled distribution into environmental categories with varying degrees of suitability. We identified a high cold precipitation to annual precipitation ratio typical of cold desert climates well suited to describe the highest quality environments for urial. The inverse, low warm precipitation to annual precipitation ratio was found to better describe the urial's range at the lower end of potential habitat. In this comparison, we observed that with the exclusion of unsuitable cold steppe habitat with a higher warm precipitation to annual precipitation ratio, we were able to refine the extent of this species range but at a trade‐off to the accurate description of high‐quality environments. This study demonstrated the strong potential of cold arid climatic conditions to describe the distribution of urial in India, which have implications for identifying important areas for the conservation and management of the species in the high altitude rangelands of Ladakh.
Benign and malignant cutaneous nasal lesions
Authors: Sarikhani Hamed , Zhao Karena , Polacco Marc A. , Gropper Charles , Helman Samuel N.
Published: October 2024

The nose is a structure of both cosmetic and functional importance. Cutaneous lesions of the nose occasionally represent a diagnostic challenge and involve the expertise of several specialties from dermatology, otolaryngology—head and neck surgery, infectious disease, and pathology, among others. We present a review of salient features of malignant and benign cutaneous nasal lesions which are of importance to physicians treating these complicated pathologies.
Hypervalent Iodine Catalyzed Cascade C−H Functionalization: An Atom‐Economical Strategy to Access Diverse 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles
Authors: Shakeena Kotari , Srinivas Bokka , Sai Sriram Thammana Subha , Prasad Chamanthula Leela , Indukuri Kiran , Krishna Kumar Muthyala Murali , Kumar Alla Santhosh
Published: October 2024

A metal‐free 4,5‐difluoro‐2‐iodobenzoic acid catalyzed C−H functionalization strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 2‐(hetero)aryl benzothiazoles from aryl isothiocyanates and unfunctionalized arenes/thiophenes/furans at room temperature. The procedure entails one‐pot cascade carbon−carbon and carbon−sulfur bond formation facilitated by triflic acid, which serves as both a Brønsted acid and a ligand source at the in situ generated I(III) center. This process is atom‐economical and offers benefits over existing protocols for synthesizing benzothiazoles in terms of ease of use, eco‐friendliness, and not requiring the typical use of aryl aldehyde/carboxylic acid precursors. Mechanistic studies were carried out, and the synthetic utility of the protocol was demonstrated for the synthesis of the benzothiazole‐based antitumor drug GW‐610.
Study on characteristics, efficiency, and variations of water flooding in different stages for low permeability oil sandstone
Authors: Fan Houjiang , Liu Xiaoqiang , Li Gang , Li Xiang , Radwan Ahmed E. , Yin Shuai
Published: October 2024

Water flooding is an important way to improve recovery in low‐permeability sandstone oil reservoirs. How to decouple the water flooding process using dynamic and static information is a hot topic. In this paper, taking the Paleocene low‐permeability oil sandstone, BY area, eastern Nanxiang Basin as an example, the microscopic water flooding process in the low‐permeability sandstone matrix was systematically investigated, and the characteristics of water channeling under the conditions of fracture existence were analyzed using the dynamic and static monitoring data. The results show that the target layer mainly develops frequently thin stacked composite sand bodies. Under the combined influence of matrix and fracture seepage, the low‐permeability sandstone developed by water flooding shows that there is a single direction of efficiency. The direction of advantageous water advancement is 45° north–east, and the speed of water flooding advancement is 2.57 m/day. Microscopic water‐drive oil experiments show that bound water is mainly distributed in the original low‐permeability sandstone as a membrane in the pore wall and as short rods in the throat. Differences in pore structure and petrophysical properties affect the residual oil content and degree of oil recovery. For sandstones with good petrophysical properties, mild water flooding can improve crude oil recovery. The increase in oil production is mainly concentrated in the early stage of water flooding development, and the increase in oil recovery degree is not significant with the increase in injection multiples in the middle and late stages. However, for sandstones with relatively poor petrophysical properties, water flooding is more effective in the early and late stages than in the middle stages. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the water flooding measures according to the differences in the petrophysical properties of the sand body. Local tectonics and natural fracture strikes are important factors affecting the direction of the expansion of water flooding fractures. Overall, the prevention of water channeling in low‐permeability sandstones has to take into account the complex coupling between water flooding fractures, natural fractures, and hydraulic fractures.
Geomorphological processes and landforms in the Alpine Sulzenau Valley (Tyrol, Austria): Glacier retreat, glacial lake evolution and the 2017 glacial lake outburst flood
Authors: Piroton Valentine , Emmer Adam , Schlögel Romy , Hřebřina Jan , Pummer Elena , Mergili Martin , Havenith Hans‐Balder
Published: October 2024

Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are sudden, and often hazardous, floods occurring upon the failure of a glacial lake dam or moraine. A GLOF occurred at Sulzenau Lake (Tyrol, Austria) in August 2017 due to a partial moraine and dam failure, damaging nearby infrastructure. Due to the ongoing retreat of Sulzenau Glacier, the areal extent, depth, water volume, and shoreline configuration of Sulzenau Lake fluctuate over both short‐ and long‐term periods. Here, we used remote sensing data to create a detailed geomorphological overview of the valley, analyse the lake's evolution since 2009, and characterize the conditions leading to the 2017 dam failure. Using optical remote sensing imagery, we generated detailed pre‐ and post‐event geomorphological maps of Sulzenau Lake and areas impacted by the GLOF to characterize erosional and depositional zones. We employed the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and mapped the post‐event boulder distribution. Based on multi‐temporal mapping, we calculated water volumes, analysed changes in lake and glacier surfaces since 1970, and compared them with ERA‐5 meteorological data. Lake growth was primarily due to rising temperatures and glacier retreat. In 2017, both precipitation and air temperatures in the Sulzenau Valley exceeded the 1991–2021 averages, with precipitation 14.8% higher and air temperatures 0.35°C above the 30‐year mean. Ice velocities for Sulzenau Glacier reached 170 m/year during 2015–2022. By modelling flow conditions required for observed boulder movements during the GLOF, we constrained the peak discharge to 150–200 m3/s. No significant pre‐2017 GLOF activity or meteorological anomalies were detected. Accordingly, we attribute the GLOF and dam failure to an increased meltwater flux and increased precipitation, possibly augmented by subglacial/englacial lake drainage. The 2017 Sulzenau Valley GLOF is a pertinent example of environmental changes and associated hazards in high‐mountain glacial environments due to global warming.
Integrated Long‐Term Expansion Planning and Short‐Term Operation Assessment in Brazil Considering Utility‐Scale Storage
Authors: Borba Bruno , Bitencourt Leonardo , Peters Pedro , Oliveira Maycoln , Yeganyan Rudolf , Cannone Carla , Howells Mark , Dias Bruno
Published: October 2024

Long‐term power system expansion planning aligned with current sustainable development policies plays a pivotal role in achieving global targets for energy transition, particularly in developing countries. This paper presents a comprehensive long‐term expansion planning model for Brazil, taking into account decarbonisation pathways using OSeMOSYS integrated with Flextool. Four scenarios explore the potential benefits of increasing the share of variable renewable energy (VRE), specifically photovoltaic (PV) and offshore wind, to 40% of the total energy produced, both with and without a storage system. Results indicate that policies better aligned with net‐zero strategies do not impose a significant cost burden.