bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre la convicción del pasado y el desencanto del futuro: lo político en el ayer y hoy de los sindicalistas del cobre de la fundición Caletones
Authors: Aguilera Delgado Julio Miguel
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo da cuenta de los resultados de un estudio cualitativo, explicativo e interpretativo realizado con sindicalistas del la Fundición Caletones de la Mina de cobre El Teniente, ubicada en la región de O´Higgins, del período previo al golpe de estado y de quienes hoy están en ejercicio. Los resultados muestran cuatro fenómenos emergentes desde los relatos de los sindicalistas, que evidencian que lo político en el sindicato ha transitado desde una fuerte inbricación a lo partidista en el período previo al golpe, hacia una posterior pérdida del anclaje a la política formal pasando hoy hacia un resurgimiento frente a la amenaza del posicionamiento de la organización y de la inseguridad laboral. Lo anterior en un escenario de identificación con la labor realizada, de irrupción de relaciones sociales mercantilizadas, consumismo, instrumentalización de la política y desvinculación ideológica.
Intervención Social y SENAME: Análisis crítico de discursos de mujeres interventoras
Authors: Toro Castillo Beatriz
Published: October 2020

El siguiente artículo tiene la finalidad de interpretar la práctica y significación interventiva de un grupo de mujeres interventoras del área de protección de SENAME, desde un enfoque epistemológico crítico. Metodológicamente, se realiza un análisis categorial de los hilos discursivos producidos por un grupo de mujeres que intervienen en este escenario, sumado al análisis de documentos, que en este caso corresponden a las bases técnicas de los programas en los cuales ellas trabajan, desde el enfoque propuesto por Jäger. El marco teórico que provee al análisis categorial, surge de las aportaciones de la teoría de la intervención social crítica de Karen Healy, Teresa Matus y Alfredo Carballeda. Las categorías teóricas, se sitúan comprensivamente desde la teoría de la perfomatividad planteada por Butler y Austin, referencia que en este artículo se hace cuidadosamente. Por último, se dan a conocer algunas categorías teóricas emergentes, que nacieron al alero de la interpretación, en este caso, corresponden a elementos de la teoría freudiana y la teoría del desarrollo ético-moral de Gilligan
Experimental Study on Combined Strength of Post-Installed Expansion Heavy-Duty and Wedge Anchors
Authors: Seo Seongyeon
Published: October 2020

Post-installed expansion heavy-duty anchors and wedge anchors have been used for fixing and bonding steel frames in the remodeling and construction of structures requiring a high level of safety. The use of post-installed expansion heavy-duty anchors and wedge anchors in the remodeling and construction of structural buildings have significantly increased since the 2000's. However, we observed that a reliable design standard or construction specification for post-installed expansion heavy-duty anchors and wedge anchors had not been established. Therefore, the objective of this study is to obtain basic technical data of post-installed expansion heavy-duty and wedge anchors in the remodeling and construction of buildings. Experimental tests were performed to evaluate the combined strength and fracture mode of post-installed expansion heavy-duty and wedge anchors implanted in concrete. The experimental variables were the loading angle and combined load (tensile and shear loads). The test results for the loading angles and combined loads were compared with the values obtained using the American Concrete Institute design standard.
Evaluation of Reservoir Slope Stability Considering Friction Angle Uncertainty and Earthquakes
Authors: Shin Seungwon , Ahn Seongnoh , Lee Sungsu , Jung Jongwon
Published: October 2020

Approximately 76% of the reservoirs built in Korea are facilities that are more than 50 years old. The risk of disasters has increased because of reservoir aging and the deepening polarization of drought and floods caused by abnormal weather conditions. In addition, the number of earthquakes has been gradually increasing in Korea, and anxiety has increased significantly because of the recent series of large earthquakes since the earthquakes in Pohang and Gyeongju. Accordingly, risk assessment and preparation are required through the stability evaluation of earthquakes in old reservoirs. The stability evaluation method, based on the limit equilibrium method, depends highly on the soil strength parameters; hence, it is essential to identify the soil strength parameters accurately. However, even though the soil strength parameters are of the same layer, they have different values because of the heterogeneity of the ground. It is difficult to select the representative value of the soil strength parameters because of the time and economic constraints of the ground survey. Therefore, in this study, the probability of failure of an old reservoir owing to seismic events was calculated, and the stability was evaluated. The water level and the uncertainty of the strength constant of the reservoir were considered. The analysis showed that the probability of collapse has increased because of the increase in the water level and the coefficient of variation of the friction angle, and the stability of the reservoir, considering the seismic events, was found to not satisfy the minimum factor of safety for slope activities.
Comparative Analysis of Past Earthquake Simulation and Test Operation
Authors: Lim Doyoon , Ahn Jae-Kwang , Lee Jimin
Published: October 2020

The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) provides an earthquake early warning (EEW) service by issuing prompt earthquake information for the public to prepare for severe earthquakes. The KMA has established high-quality seismic stations to provide prompt and precise EEW service and has been monitoring observed seismic waves in real time. The ambient signal exhibits characteristics of small repeated amplitudes owing to the background noise near the seismic station. If seismic waves from earthquakes or explosions are observed in seismic stations, their detected amplitudes are higher than those of background noise and possess specific features. Thus, the methods for differentiating between the observed signal and any signal attributed to earthquakes or noise can be the starting of EEW and the main technique. Because this technique is based on the empirical relationship derived using postprocessed data or specific criteria as the standard, it can have more advantages for optimizing the criteria or standards through observing several seismic events in seismic stations operated in real time. However, fewer earthquakes have occurred in the Korean Peninsula compared to the West of the United States, Japan, and Taiwan. It is difficult to set up the optimal criteria and validate it for seismic stations operating in Korea. In this study, we applied simulated methods to validate the possibility of setting up the optimal criteria. For the simulated results, the analyzed data did not include any delayed waveforms under the ideal condition. We compared the analyzed results observed in detail during the EEW-testing periods. Even though differences between the simulation and EEW-testing results were observed, it was proven that there was no problem in analyzing the earthquake information. In addition, we could design the optimization of module for detecting the P-wave in the Korean Peninsula.
A Consideration of the Estimation of the Design Flood for Small Basin in Gangwon Yeongdong Region
Authors: Kim Young Jun , Kang Dong Ho , Kim Byung Sik
Published: October 2020

Due to the recent increase in heavy localized rain caused by climate change, the risk of flooding in mountainous areas and small streams is growing daily. To prevent damage to human life and property, it is necessary to accurately estimate the amount of design flood in the small river basin. Recently, the Standard Guidelines for Flood Estimation (Ministry of Environment, 2019) have been proposed to reduce uncertainties such as the subjective interpretations of engineers, which differ in the flood dischargeestimation, and to ensure a certain level of uniformity. However, in the case of Gangwon region,where the watershed area is small and the channel slope is steep, it is necessary to carefully approach the application of Clark’s watershed tracking method, suggested in the standard guidelines. As Gangwon-Yeongdong region is expected to be more sensitive to localized heavy rainfall due to the influence of the Taebaek Mountains andhas a relatively steeper watershed mean slope and euro slope than other regions, this study compares and analyzes the results of Clark’s basin tracking method and the “rational method”, to derive a more reasonable flood calculation method. Additionally, it suggests an appropriate flood discharge estimation method for the small river in Gangwon-Yeongdong region. Consequently, the flood amount can reasonably be calculated by applying a rational formula rather than Clark’sbasin tracking method, in which the flood volume is underestimated, when calculating the flood volume of a small river in Yeongdong, Gangwon Province, which has a low flow effect of less than 5 km2.
Estimation of Fire Load in Daegu Seomun Market
Authors: Lee Jiman , Lee Semyeoung
Published: October 2020

In this study, the fire load, which is a critical data in fire-risk assessment, of Seomun Market in Daegu, was calculated empirically. From the results of this study, the fire load on the 3rd floor of Seomun Market 2nd District was 53,405.24 MJ, and the fire load per unit area divided by the area of the sample block was 2,139.63 MJ/m2. These values were confirmed to be relatively high compared to the fire load on similar sales facilities in other countries. It is expected that the fire load value derived in this study could be used as a reference for the installation of an adequate firefighting facility in Daegu Seomun Market.
Brains, brawn, and beauty: The complementary roles of intelligence and physical aggression in attracting sexual partners
Authors: Seffrin Patrick , Ingulli Patricia
Published: October 2020

The current study compared physical aggression to factors affecting socioeconomic status in the accumulation of sex partners over the life course. Our data sample was drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (men, n = 5,636; women, n = 6,787). Participants were examined in terms of the number of lifetime sex partners they reported, nonrelationship partners, cheating or infidelity, and concurrent relationships. Intelligence and physical violence emerged as being especially likely to boost sex partner accumulation for the number of lifetime sex partners and nonrelationship partners in men. Intelligence also interacted positively with men's violence in cross‐sectional models but not longitudinally. Women's violence was not significant regardless of the outcome or model specification. Intelligence showed less consistent effects for women's mating indicators compared to men. Analyses controlled for well‐known correlates of aggression and sexual behavior and factors associated with beauty, including interviewer reports of survey participants' physical attractiveness and maturity, as well as self‐reported attractiveness, maturity, and health. Findings are consistent with evolutionary ideas regarding costly signaling as an effective mating strategy among men.
Constitutive Modeling of a Fine‐Grained Ti2AlNb‐Based Alloy Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying and Subsequent Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Sim Kyong‐Ho , Li Yun Chol , Li Chun‐Ho , Kim Myong‐Ok , Kim Hyok‐Chol
Published: October 2020

The flow stress evolution of a fine‐grained Ti2AlNb‐based alloy fabricated by mechanical alloying and subsequent spark plasma sintering is experimentally acquired for different deformation conditions. Isothermal uniaxial compression test is conducted in the deformation temperature range of 950–1070 °C and the strain rate range of 0.001–1 s−1. Based on the experimental flow stress with friction correction, the modified Johnson–Cook model and strain‐compensated Arrhenius‐type model are established in the α2 + β/B2 + O triple‐phase and α2 + B2 two‐phase fields. The average absolute relative error (AARE) and determination coefficient (R
2) are 9.78% and 0.9858 for the modified Johnson–Cook model, and 4.19% and 0.9927 for the strain‐compensated Arrhenius‐type model. Compared with the modified Johnson–Cook model, the strain‐compensated Arrhenius‐type model is more suitable for predicting the high‐temperature flow stress of a fine‐grained Ti2AlNb‐based alloy fabricated by mechanical alloying and subsequent spark plasma sintering.
Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence via an Unconjugated Donor–Acceptor System Realizing EQE of Over 30%
Authors: Peng Chen‐Chen , Yang Sheng‐Yi , Li Hong‐Cheng , Xie Guo‐Hua , Cui Lin‐Song , Zou Sheng‐Nan , Poriel Cyril , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: October 2020

In this work, two novel thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, 2tDMG and 3tDMG, are synthesized for high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), The two emitters have a tilted face‐to‐face alignment of donor (D)/acceptor (A) units presenting intramolecular noncovalent interactions. The two TADF materials are deposited either by an evaporation‐process or by a solution‐process, both of them leading to high OLED performance. 2tDMG used as the emitter in evaporation‐processed OLEDs achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 30.8% with a very flat efficiency roll‐off of 7% at 1000 cd m−2. The solution‐processed OLEDs also display an interesting EQE of 16.2%. 3tDMG shows improved solubility and solution processability as compared to 2tDMG, and thus a high EQE of 20.2% in solution‐processed OLEDs is recorded. The corresponding evaporation‐processed OLEDs also reach a reasonably high EQE of 26.3%. Encouragingly, this work provides a novel strategy to address the imperious demands for OLEDs with high EQE and low roll‐off.
Highly Ordered 2D‐Assemblies of Phase‐Segregated Block Molecules for Upconverted Linearly Polarized Emission
Authors: van Son Martin H. C. , Berghuis Anton M. , Eisenreich Fabian , de Waal Bas , Vantomme Ghislaine , Gómez Rivas Jaime , Meijer E. W.
Published: October 2020

Materials based on the laminar ordering of self‐assembled molecules have a unique potential for applications requiring efficient energy migration through densely packed chromophores. Here, employing molecular assemblies of coil–rod–coil block molecules for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) based on triplet energy migration with linearly polarized emission is reported. By covalently attaching discrete‐length oligodimethylsiloxane (oDMS) to 9,10‐diphenylanthracene (DPA), highly ordered 2D crystalline DPA sheets separated by oDMS layers are obtained. Transparent films of this material doped with small amounts of triplet sensitizer PtII octaethylporphyrin show air‐stable TTA‐UC under non‐coherent excitation. Upon annealing, an increase in TTA‐UC up to two orders of magnitude is observed originating from both an improved molecular ordering of DPA and an increased dispersion of the sensitizer. The molecular alignment in millimeter‐sized domains leads to upconverted linearly polarized emission without alignment layers. By using a novel technique, upconversion imaging microscopy, the TTA‐UC intensity is spatially resolved on a micrometer scale to visually demonstrate the importance of molecular dispersion of sensitizer molecules for efficient TTA‐UC. The reported results are promising for anti‐counterfeiting and 3D night‐vision applications, but also exemplify the potential of discrete oligodimethylsiloxane functionalized chromophores for highly aligned and densely packed molecular materials.
A Tuned Alternating D–A Copolymer Hole‐Transport Layer Enables Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells with Superior Fill Factor and Efficiency
Authors: Kim Hong Il , Baek Se‐Woong , Cheon Hyung Jin , Ryu Seung Un , Lee Seungjin , Choi Min‐Jae , Choi Kyoungwon , Biondi Margherita , Hoogland Sjoerd , de Arquer F. P. García , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Kim Yun‐Hi , Park Taiho , Sargent Edward H.
Published: October 2020

The need for optoelectronic and chemical compatibility between the layers in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photovoltaic devices remains a bottleneck in further increasing performance. Conjugated polymers are promising candidates as new hole‐transport layer (HTL) materials in CQD solar cells (CQD‐SCs) owing to the highly tunable optoelectronic properties and compatible chemistries. A diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based polymer with benzothiadiazole derivatives (PD2FCT‐29DPP) as an HTL in these devices is reported. The energy level, molecular orientation, and hole mobility of this HTL are manipulated through molecular engineering. By levering the polymer's optical absorption spectrum complementary to that of the CQD active layer, EQE across the visible and near‐infrared regions is maximized. As a result, a PD2FCT‐29DPP‐based device exhibits a fill factor of 70% and approximately 35% efficiency enhancement compared to a PTB7‐based device.
Defect‐Rich Adhesive Molybdenum Disulfide/rGO Vertical Heterostructures with Enhanced Nanozyme Activity for Smart Bacterial Killing Application
Authors: Wang Longwei , Gao Fene , Wang Aizhu , Chen Xuanyu , Li Hao , Zhang Xiao , Zheng Hong , Ji Rui , Li Bo , Yu Xin , Liu Jing , Gu Zhanjun , Chen Fulin , Chen Chunying
Published: October 2020

Nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme‐like activities, namely “nanozymes,” are showing increasing potential as a new type of broad‐spectrum antibiotics. However, their feasibility is still far from satisfactory, due to their low catalytic activity, poor bacterial capturing capacity, and complicated material design. Herein, a facile synthesis of a defect‐rich adhesive molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/rGO vertical heterostructure (VHS) through a one‐step microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method is reported. This simple, convenient but effective method for rapid material synthesis enables extremely uniform and well‐dispersed MoS2/rGO VHS with abundant S and Mo vacancies and rough surface, for a performance approaching the requirements of practical application. It is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that the as‐prepared MoS2/rGO VHS possesses defect and irradiation dual‐enhanced triple enzyme‐like activities (oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase) for promoting free‐radical generation, owing to much more active edge sites exposure. Meanwhile, the VHS‐achieved rough surface exhibits excellent capacity for bacterial capture, with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) destruction through local topological interactions. As a result, optimized efficacy against drug‐resistant Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria can be explored by such defect‐rich adhesive nanozymes, demonstrating a simple but powerful way to engineered nanozymes for alternative antibiotics.
Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic 4‐Anilinoquinazolines and N‐Quinazoline‐Indoles via Selective C−H Bond Activation
Authors: Liu Xin‐Yang , Liu Hao , Liao Xian‐Zhang , Dong Lin , Chen Fen‐Er
Published: October 2020

An efficient rhodium(III)‐catalyzed site‐selective functionalization of 4‐anilinoquinazolines offers exciting possibilities for fused polycyclic 4‐anilinoquinazoline derivatives and N‐quinazoline‐indoles by using diazo compounds as the elegant coupling partners. This one‐pot cascade approach to establish various complex 4‐anilinoquinazoline units with potential biological activities only depends on substrates and additives.

magnified image
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Organomulticatalysis
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Shao Bing‐Xuan , Lu Yin‐Jie , Cao Qian‐Qian , Xia Chun‐Nian , Chen Fen‐Er
Published: October 2020

Asymmetric multi‐catalysis, designed to mimic catalytic processes in nature, is a powerful instrument to fulfil fascinating transformations. As a result, this area of research has attracted considerable interests within chemistry communities. Although there are numerous reviews involving multi‐catalysis, reviews describing asymmetric organomulticatalysis remain rare. Taking into consideration that organocatalysts possess the superiorities of effortless availability, inexpensiveness, hypotoxicity, facile handling and hyposensitivity to moisture and oxygen, they have definite advantage in their own distinct modes of activation when utilized in multi‐catalytic reactions. Organomulticatalysis refers to the synthetic strategies of modular combination of organo‐catalyzed reactions into one synthetic operation with minimum workup or change in conditions. It is apparent that a variety reports utilizing the concept of enantioselective organomulticatalysis have substantially surfaced in the past few years. Hence, it is indispensable to succinctly present all such reports by means of disclosing the mechanistic analysis, as well as the challenges and issues associated in the development of the asymmetric catalytic system. Additionally, this review will introduce some of the unsettled conundrums and possible innovations in this field.

magnified image
A Quenched Annexin V‐Fluorophore for the Real‐Time Fluorescence Imaging of Apoptotic Processes In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Kim Hyunjin , Kim Hee Yeon , Lee Eun Young , Choi Boem Kyu , Jang Hyonchol , Choi Yongdoo
Published: October 2020

Annexin‐based probes have long been used to study apoptotic cell death, which is of key importance to many areas of biological research, drug discovery, and clinical applications. Although apoptosis is a dynamic biological event with cell‐to‐cell variations, current annexin‐based probes are impractical for monitoring apoptosis in real‐time. Herein, a quenched annexin V‐near‐infrared fluorophore conjugate (Q‐annexin V) is reported as the first OFF‐ON annexin protein‐based molecular sensor for real‐time near‐infrared fluorescence imaging of apoptosis. Q‐annexin V is non‐fluorescent in the extracellular region, due to photoinduced electron transfer interactions between the conjugated dye and amino acid quenchers (tryptophan and tyrosine). The probe becomes highly fluorescent when bound to phosphatidylserines on the outer layer of cell membranes during apoptosis, thereby enabling apoptosis to be monitored in real‐time in 2D and 3D cell structures. In particular, Q‐annexin V shows superior utility for in vivo apoptosis fluorescence imaging in animal models of cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury and cancer immune therapy, compared to the conventional polarity‐sensitive pSIVA‐IANBD or annexin V‐Alexa647 conjugates.
Crystal Engineering in Organic Photovoltaic Acceptors: A 3D Network Approach
Authors: Lai Hanjian , He Feng
Published: October 2020

The power conversion efficiency of organic solar cell (OSC) devices has surpassed 18% rapidly. In order to further promote OSC development, it is necessary to understand the packing information at the atomic level to help develop acceptor systems with superior performance. The packing arrangements and intermolecular interactions of these acceptors in the solid state, observed by single crystal X‐ray crystallography, are often used to design materials with expected physicochemical properties. In this review, the chemical structures of acceptors revealed by single crystal X‐ray crystallography are summarized, and the relationship between structural design, packing arrangement, and device properties is discussed. In addition, the concept of “3D network packing” in acceptor systems is proposed, which offers better charge transfer properties in reported chlorinated, fluorinated, brominated, and trifluoromethylated systems, an understanding of 3D network transport also provides guidance in high‐performance materials design. Finally, some current issues related to single crystal studies in OSCs are discussed, with an emphasis on the significance of developing acceptors by understanding and adjusting the aggregation states and intermolecular interactions of materials by single crystal analysis.
Multi‐Photocatalyst Cascades: Merging Singlet Oxygen Photooxygenations with Photoredox Catalysis for the Synthesis of Alkaloid Frameworks
Authors: Kalaitzakis Dimitris , Bosveli Artemis , Sfakianaki Kalliopi , Montagnon Tamsyn , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios
Published: October 2020

The development of photocascades that rapidly transform simple and readily accessible furan substrates into polycyclic alkaloid frameworks or erythrina natural products is described. Each of the sequences developed makes use of photocatalyzed energy transfer processes, which generate singlet oxygen, to set up the substrates for the second photocatalyzed reaction, wherein electron transfer generates carbon‐centered radicals for the cyclizations that give the final complex frameworks. A chemical switch has been developed that can “switch off” one photocatalyst; thus, allowing a second photocatalyst to take over control of the sequence. As a corollary, this strategy represents the first time it has been possible to use multiple photocatalysts in photocascades, and, as such, it expands significantly the reactions that can be included in such cascades and the order in which they can be initiated.
Interaction and Isolation in New Georgia: insights from the Nabo Point ceramic assemblage, Tetepare
Authors: THOMAS TIM , MCSTAY AMY , SHEPPARD PETER , SUMMERHAYES GLENN
Published: October 2020

This paper describes a ceramic assemblage from a Post‐Lapita site on Tetepare, a geologically distinct island on the periphery of the New Georgia group, Solomon Islands. Previous studies of ceramic assemblages in the region have found evidence of exotic sherds and patterns of pottery transfer indicating population mobility during a colonisation phase establishment of new communities in coastal lagoon settings. Here, a geochemical and petrographic comparison of the Tetepare assemblage to samples from similarly‐aged sites in nearby Roviana Lagoon and Kolombangara establishes a pattern of predominantly local production, with equivocal support for exotic transfers. This leads us to refine a model of increasing environmental knowledge, access and social connectivity, during the early phase dispersal of ceramic technologies into the region. We argue that our results clearly discriminate the Tetepare sherds from other assemblages and connect this observation to inferences about the variable character of regional interaction patterns. In addition, the environmental setting of the Tetepare site supplies further context for assessing the role of post‐depositional taphonomic processes and sea‐level change in structuring the visibility of intertidal pottery assemblages in the region.
Measuring cognitive reflection without maths: Development and validation of the verbal cognitive reflection test
Authors: Sirota Miroslav , Dewberry Chris , Juanchich Marie , Valuš Lenka , Marshall Amanda C.
Published: October 2020

The cognitive reflection test (CRT) became popular for its impressive power to predict how well people reason and make decisions. Despite the popularity of the CRT, a major issue complicates its interpretation: The numerical nature of the CRT confounds reflection ability with mathematical ability. We have addressed this issue by developing the verbal CRT (CRT‐V), a novel 10‐item measure of cognitive reflection (https://osf.io/xehbv/), using nonmathematical problems with good statistical and psychometric properties and with low familiarity. First, we selected suitable items with relatively low familiarity and optimal difficulty as identified in two different populations (Studies 1 and 2) and with high content validity as judged by an expert panel (Study 3). Second, we demonstrated good criterion and construct validity for the test in different populations with a wide range of variables (Studies 4–6, 8) and a good internal consistency (Studies 4–8) and test–retest reliability (Study 7). The CRT‐V was less associated with math anxiety, objective and subjective numeracy than the original CRT, and it was test equivalent across gender, age groups and administration setting. In contrast with the original CRT (Hedge's g = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.17, 0.40]), the CRT‐V showed no gender differences (Hedge's g = −0.06, 95% CI [−0.18, 0.06]). The CRT‐V can complement existing, numerical, tests of cognitive reflection.
Green analysis of newly approved binary omeprazole/aspirin mixture in presence of aspirin impurity using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography and thin‐layer chromatography methods
Authors: Abdelaleem Eglal A. , Abou El Ella Dalal A. , Mahmoud Alaa M. , Abdelhamid Nessreen S.
Published: October 2020

Two green, simple, and accurate chromatographic methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of omeprazole and aspirin mixture in the presence of salicylic acid, a major impurity of aspirin. Method A is a reversed‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography; the separation was performed on a C18 column, with a mobile phase composed of ethanol:0.1% aqueous solution of triethylamine acidified with orthophosphoric acid (pH 3) (30:70, v/v) at 0.15 mL/min flow rate and 230 nm. Omeprazole, aspirin, and aspirin impurity retention times were 7.47, 4.40, and 5.13 min, respectively. Good linearity was achieved in the concentration ranges of 5–80, 5–85, and 3–50 μg/mL for the three mentioned components, respectively. Method B is thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) where silica gel TLC F254 plates were utilized to achieve separation using ethanol:ethyl acetate (2:8, v/v) as a developing system at 240 nm. The resulted Rf values were 0.83, 0.65, and 0.23 for omeprazole, aspirin, and impurity, respectively. The concentration ranges of 0.1–3 μg/band for the three drugs showed good linearity. The proposed methods are eco‐friendly and greener when compared to the already reported method (Microchemical Journal, 152, 104350). This is the first use of TLC method for the determination of the three drugs. International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines were followed to ensure the validity of developed methods.
The impact of ISO 14001 on firm environmental and economic performance: The moderating role of size and environmental awareness
Authors: Arocena Pablo , Orcos Raquel , Zouaghi Fedaous
Published: October 2020

This paper analyzes the impact of adopting the ISO 14001 standard on firm environmental and economic performance. In particular, it is argued that the degree of environmental awareness of the society (EAS) and firm size are two factors moderating the effect of ISO 14001 on firm performance. A number of hypotheses are formulated and empirically tested on an international sample of 583 listed companies in 46 countries over the period of 2009–2018. The findings show that (i) ISO 14001 adoption contributes to reducing firm carbon emission intensity and increasing firm profitability; (ii) the impact of ISO14001 on profitability is greater for companies from countries with high EAS and for larger firms; and (iii) the impact of ISO 14001 on carbon intensity is greater for headquartered in countries with low EAS. Managerial and policy implications resulting from the widespread adoption of certifiable environmental standards are also discussed.
Optical Biosensors for Virus Detection: Prospects for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19
Authors: Maddali Hemanth , Miles Catherine E. , Kohn Joachim , O'Carroll Deirdre M.
Published: October 2020

The recent pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused huge worldwide disruption due to the lack of available testing locations and equipment. The use of optical techniques for viral detection has flourished in the past 15 years, providing more reliable, inexpensive, and accurate detection methods. In the current minireview, optical phenomena including fluorescence, surface plasmons, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and colorimetry are discussed in the context of detecting virus pathogens. The sensitivity of a viral detection method can be dramatically improved by using materials that exhibit surface plasmons or SERS, but often this requires advanced instrumentation for detection. Although fluorescence and colorimetry lack high sensitivity, they show promise as point‐of‐care diagnostics because of their relatively less complicated instrumentation, ease of use, lower costs, and the fact that they do not require nucleic acid amplification. The advantages and disadvantages of each optical detection method are presented, and prospects for applying optical biosensors in COVID‐19 detection are discussed.
Daratumumab efficacy in extramedullary orbital myeloma
Authors: Gozzetti Alessandro , Cerase Alfonso , Bocchia Monica
Published: October 2020

Daratumumab is very efficacious in multiple myeloma. Few reports are present about efficacy in extramedullary myeloma. We report here daratumumab efficacy in extramedullary ocular myeloma in a young 46‐year‐old man diagnosed 3 years earlier and relapse refractory to five previous lines of therapy.
On the Stability of Co3O4 Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts in Acid
Authors: Etzi Coller Pascuzzi Marco , van Velzen Matthijs , Hofmann Jan P. , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: October 2020

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts suitable to work in acid are typically restricted to platinum group noble metal oxides because of their high activity and, especially, stability. Co3O4 is currently explored as an alternative OER catalyst. Herein we prepared Co3O4 films on fluorine‐doped Sn oxide (FTO) glass and Ti foil via thermal decomposition of nitrate salts and evaluated their activity and stability in 0.05 M H2SO4. Crystalline Co3O4 films deposited on FTO were stable during chronopotentiometry at 10 mA cm−2 for over 16 hours. The dissolution rate was 61 ngCo cm−2 min−1. The choice of a stable support such as FTO is essential to ensure the stability of the catalyst‐substrate interface and to prevent substrate passivation under OER conditions. Doping Co3O4 with Li resulted in a higher OER activity under acidic conditions to be attributed to the larger electrochemical surface area, although the stability was impeded compared to undoped Co3O4.
Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitride Supported Single‐Atom Catalysts for Energy Conversion
Authors: Zhao Meng , Feng Jing , Yang Weiting , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: October 2020

Single‐atom catalysts are one of the most energetic frontier research fields of catalysis, which exhibit distinctive performance for diverse chemical reactions due to the unique coordination environment, high atomic utilization, high activity and selectivity. Nevertheless, the size decrease of catalyst particles is accompanied with the sharply increased surface energy, thus ultra‐small particles are easy to form aggregation of nanoclusters and cannot maintain the atomic level dispersion. The key factor to protect catalytic sites is to regulate and control the interaction between single atoms and the substrate. As one of the most promising two‐dimensional supports to stabilize the isolated metal atoms, graphitic carbon nitride has been widely studied owing to the existence of abundant pyridine‐like nitrogen atoms for strongly anchoring metal centers and the distinct structure originating from electron rearrangement caused by the interaction between carbon and neighbor nitrogen atoms. In this review, we systematically generalize the controllable syntheses, theoretical calculations, characterizations and applications of graphitic carbon nitride supported isolated single‐atom catalysts, and finally, the prospects and challenges in this emergent field are featured on the basis of current experimental and computational efforts.
Effects of Various Energy Suppliers in Green Processes for Obtaining Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Pulit-Prociak Jolanta , Staroń Paweł , Staroń Anita , Chwastowski Jarosław , Banach Marcin
Published: October 2020

The productions of stable suspensions of silver nanoparticles using a microwave reactor, an ultraviolet (UV) reactor, a low‐frequency low‐temperature plasma reactor, a high‐pressure reactor, and an open reactor are compared. All reactors served as sources of energy for stimulating the nanoparticle growth process. The silver nanoparticles were obtained based on the chemical reduction method. The processes were conducted using gallic acid as the reducing‐stabilizing substance. The influence of the variable parameters time (for all types of reactors), temperature (for the open and high‐pressure reactors), power (for the microwave reactor), energy density (for the UV reactor), and voltage (for the low‐frequency low‐temperature plasma reactor) was investigated. Temperature was found to be the most important factor influencing all processes.
Atomically Precise Alloy Nanoclusters
Authors: Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Imai Yukari , Suzuki Daiki , Kato Shun , Kobayashi Ibuki , Suzuki Taiyo , Kaneko Ryo , Hossain Sakiat , Negishi Yuichi
Published: October 2020

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yuichi Negishi at Tokyo University of Science. The image depicts the alloy nanoclusters reported in this review. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202001877.
Post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide versus antithymocyte globulin in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation from HLA‐identical sibling donors: A retrospective analysis from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Battipaglia Giorgia , Labopin Myriam , Hamladji Rose‐Marie , Blaise Didier , Chevallier Patrice , Brissot Eolia , Gerbitz Armin , Socié Gerard , Afanasyev Boris , Ciceri Fabio , Meijer Ellen , Koc Yener , Cornelissen Jan J. , Huynh Anne , Ozdogu Hakan , Maertens Johan , Paul Franciane , Labussière‐Wallet Hélène , Ruggeri Annalisa , Aljurf Mahmoud , Bazarbachi Ali , Savani Bipin , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Addition of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCY) to standard immunosuppressive agents reduces GVHD in different donor settings.

METHODS

We compared the outcomes of adults with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allo‐HSCT from HLA‐identical sibling donors after the use of PTCY (n = 197) or ATG (n = 1913).

RESULTS

Patients in the PTCY group were younger than those in the ATG group (median age, 47 vs 54 years; P < .01). Peripheral blood was the most frequently used stem cell source, being significantly more frequent in the ATG group than in the PTCY group (95% vs 70% P < .01). The conditioning regimen was more frequently myeloablative in the PTCY group than in the ATG group (59% vs 48%; P < .01). Time to neutrophil engraftment was shorter in the ATG group than in the PTCY group (17 vs 20 days; P < .01). No differences were observed according to the other transplantation outcomes, except for chronic GVHD of all grades and extensive chronic GVHD at 2 years, which were significantly lower in the ATG group compared with the PTCY group (P < .02).

CONCLUSION

PTCY is feasible in an HLA‐identical sibling setting, and despite similar outcomes, ATG may be associated with lower incidence of chronic GVHD.
Comparative efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy versus immunotherapy for advanced non–small cell lung cancer: A network meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Pathak Ranjan , De Lima Lopes Gilberto , Yu Han , Aryal Madan Raj , Ji Wenyan , Frumento Katherine Stemmer , Wallis Christopher J. D. , Klaassen Zachary , Park Henry S. , Goldberg Sarah B.
Published: October 2020

Background

To the authors' knowledge, in the absence of head‐to‐head trials, it is unclear whether chemoimmunotherapy provides an additional overall survival (OS) benefit compared with immunotherapy alone in the first‐line treatment of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors conducted a systematic literature review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy versus ICI.

Methods

MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to April 2020. Phase 3 trials evaluating the efficacy of first‐line ICI or chemoimmunotherapy and reporting efficacy outcomes (OS, progression‐free survival [PFS], and the overall response rate [ORR]) stratified by programmed death–ligand 1 (PD‐L1) status were included. NMA with a Bayesian random effects model was performed.

Results

A total of 12 eligible trials comprising 7845 patients were included. In patients who were negative for PD‐L1 (tumor proportion score [TPS] <1%), NMA comparing chemoimmunotherapy with dual‐agent ICI failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference with regard to OS, PFS, or the ORR. In patients with low PD‐L1 (TPS 1%‐49%), there was no statistically significant difference observed between chemoimmunotherapy compared with either single‐agent ICI or dual‐agent ICI with regard to OS or the ORR. In patients with high PD‐L1 (TPS ≥50%), chemoimmunotherapy was found to be associated with an improved PFS and ORR compared with single‐agent ICI, but not with dual‐agent ICI. No differences in OS were observed with chemoimmunotherapy when compared with either single‐agent or dual‐agent ICIs.

Conclusions

Although chemoimmunotherapy appears to improve the ORR and PFS in patients with PD‐L1–high tumors when compared with single‐agent ICI, it does not appear to confer an OS benefit over single‐agent or dual‐agent ICI for patients with advanced NSCLC regardless of PD‐L1 status. Prospective trials are needed to validate these findings.
Utilization of cytology smears improves success rates of RNA‐based next‐generation sequencing gene fusion assays for clinically relevant predictive biomarkers
Authors: Ramani Nisha S. , Chen Hui , Broaddus Russell R. , Lazar Alexander J. , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Patel Keyur P. , Rashid Asif , Routbort Mark J. , Stewart John , Tang Zhenya , Bassett Roland , Manekia Jawad , Barkoh Bedia A. , Dang Hyvan , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita
Published: October 2020

Background

The use of RNA‐based next‐generation sequencing (NGS) assays to detect gene fusions for targeted therapy has rapidly become an essential component of comprehensive molecular profiling. For cytology specimens, the cell block (CB) is most commonly used for fusion testing; however, insufficient cellularity and/or suboptimal RNA quality are often limiting factors. In the current study, the authors evaluated the factors affecting RNA fusion testing in cytology and the added value of smears in cases with a suboptimal or inadequate CB.

Methods

A 12‐month retrospective review was performed to identify cytology cases that were evaluated by a targeted RNA‐based NGS assay. Samples were sequenced by targeted amplicon‐based NGS for 51 clinically relevant genes on a proprietary platform. Preanalytic factors and NGS quality parameters were correlated with the results of RNA fusion testing.

Results

The overall success rate of RNA fusion testing was 92%. Of the 146 cases successfully sequenced, 14% had a clinically relevant fusion detected. NGS testing success positively correlated with RNA yield (P = .03) but was independent of the tumor fraction, the tumor size, or the number of slides used for extraction. CB preparations were adequate for testing in 45% cases, but the inclusion of direct smears increased the adequacy rate to 92%. There was no significant difference in testing success rates between smears and CB preparations.

Conclusions

The success of RNA‐based NGS fusion testing depends on the quality and quantity of RNA extracted. The use of direct smears significantly improves the adequacy of cytologic samples for RNA fusion testing for predictive biomarkers.
Spatially and Temporally Resolved Measurements of NO Adsorption/Desorption over NOx‐Storage Catalyst
Authors: Wan Sui , Guo Yiran , Häber Thomas , Suntz Rainer , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: October 2020

The two‐dimensional (2D) temporal evolution of the NO‐concentration over a NOx‐storage catalyst is investigated in situ with planar laser‐induced fluorescence (PLIF) in an optically accessible parallel wall channel reactor. Signal accumulated phase‐correlated 2D‐recordings of repetitive adsorption/desorption cycles are obtained by synchronizing the switching of the NO gas flow (on/off) with the laser and detection system, thereby significantly increasing the signal‐to‐noise ratio. The gas compositions at the reactor outlet are additionally monitored by ex‐situ analytics. The impacts of varying feed concentration, temperature and flow velocities are investigated in an unsteady state. Transient kinetics and the mass transfer limitations can be interpreted in terms of the NO concentration gradient changes. The technique presented here is a very useful tool to investigate the interaction between surface kinetics and the surrounding gas flow, especially for transient catalytic processes.
Effects of Protein and Calorie Restriction on the Metabolism and Toxicity Profile of Irinotecan in Cancer Patients
Authors: de Man Femke M. , van Eerden Ruben A.G. , van Doorn Gerdien M. , Oomen‐de Hoop Esther , Koolen Stijn L.W. , Olieman Joanne F. , de Bruijn Peter , Veraart Joris N. , van Halteren Henk K. , Sandberg Yorick , Moelker Adriaan , IJzermans Jan N.M. , Lolkema Martijn P. , van Gelder Teun , Dollé Martijn E.T. , de Bruin Ron W.F. , Mathijssen Ron H.J.
Published: October 2020

Preclinical data suggests that protein and calorie restriction (PCR) might improve treatment tolerability without impairing antitumor efficacy. Therefore, we have studied the influence of PCR on irinotecan pharmacokinetics and toxicity. In this crossover trial, patients with liver metastases of solid tumors were included and randomized to treatment with irinotecan preceded by 5 days of PCR (~ 30% caloric and ~ 70% protein restriction) during the first cycle and a second cycle preceded by a normal diet or vice versa. Pharmacokinetic blood sampling and biopsies of both healthy liver and liver metastases were performed. The primary end point was the relative difference in geometric means for the active metabolite SN‐38 concentration in healthy liver analyzed by a linear mixed model. No significant differences were seen in irinotecan (+ 16.8%, P = 0.22) and SN‐38 (+ 9.8%, P = 0.48) concentrations between PCR and normal diet in healthy liver, as well as in liver metastases (irinotecan: −38.8%, P = 0.05 and SN‐38: −13.8%, P = 0.50). PCR increased irinotecan plasma area under the curve from zero to 24 hours (AUC0–24h) with 7.1% (P = 0.04) compared with normal diet, whereas the SN‐38 plasma AUC0–24h increased with 50.3% (P < 0.001). Grade ≥ 3 toxicity was not increased during PCR vs. normal diet (P = 0.69). No difference was seen in neutropenia grade ≥ 3 (47% vs. 32% P = 0.38), diarrhea grade ≥ 3 (5% vs. 21% P = 0.25), and febrile neutropenia (5% vs. 16% P = 0.50) during PCR vs. normal diet. In conclusion, plasma SN‐38 exposure increased dramatically after PCR, whereas toxicity did not change. PCR did not alter the irinotecan and SN‐38 exposure in healthy liver and liver metastases. PCR might therefore potentially improve the therapeutic window in patients treated with irinotecan.