bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicolor Super‐Resolution Fluorescence Imaging via Multi‐Parameter Fluorophore Detection
Authors: Bates Mark , Dempsey Graham T. , Chen Kok Hao , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: December 2011

Understanding the complexity of the cellular environment will benefit from the ability to unambiguously resolve multiple cellular components, simultaneously and with nanometer‐scale spatial resolution. Multicolor super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques have been developed to achieve this goal, yet challenges remain in terms of the number of targets that can be simultaneously imaged and the crosstalk between color channels. Herein, we demonstrate multicolor stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) based on a multi‐parameter detection strategy, which uses both the fluorescence activation wavelength and the emission color to discriminate between photo‐activatable fluorescent probes. First, we obtained two‐color super‐resolution images using the near‐infrared cyanine dye Alexa 750 in conjunction with a red cyanine dye Alexa 647, and quantified color crosstalk levels and image registration accuracy. Combinatorial pairing of these two switchable dyes with fluorophores which enhance photo‐activation enabled multi‐parameter detection of six different probes. Using this approach, we obtained six‐color super‐resolution fluorescence images of a model sample. The combination of multiple fluorescence detection parameters for improved fluorophore discrimination promises to substantially enhance our ability to visualize multiple cellular targets with sub‐diffraction‐limit resolution.
Biosynthesis of Defensive Coccinellidae Alkaloids: Incorporation of Fatty Acids in Adaline, Coccinelline, and Harmonine
Authors: Haulotte Eveline , Laurent Pascal , Braekman Jean‐Claude
Published: January 2012

In this study, we report on in vitro incorporation experiments of several labelled fatty acids in the ladybird alkaloids coccinelline (Coccinella 7‐punctata), adaline (Adalia 2‐punctata), and harmonine (Harmonia axyridis). The obtained results clearly indicate that stearic acid is the precursor of coccinelline and harmonine, whereas myristic acid is at the origin of the carbon skeleton of adaline. Possible pathways for the biosynthesis of these alkaloids are presented.
Triply Branched Viologen Stars: Synthesis and Polymerization by Peripheral Benzyl Coupling
Authors: Constantin Veronica‐Alina , Bongard Dirk , Walder Lorenz
Published: January 2012

The synthesis of 0th (n = 1) and 1st (n = 2) generation, monodisperse, star‐shaped oligoviologens, C[(BnV++–PhV++)nCH2X]3, which consist of a phenyl or a 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl core (C) with triple 1,3,5‐branches, in which each branch consists of a linear alternating series of diphenyl‐ (PhV++) and dibenzyl viologens (BnV++) and a variety of peripheral groups X (CH3, OH, Br), is described. According to MM+ modeling, the stars adopt a flat structure with the branches pointing towards the corners of an equilateral triangle with a centre–corner distances of 2.9 (n = 1) and 5.8 nm (n = 2, repulsive charge interaction). Discrete redox chemistry from the benzyl‐ (–0.27, –0.70 V) and phenyl viologen subunits(–0.12, –0.42 V vs. Ag/AgCl) is observed as a set of four interdigitated reduction waves, which involve 3 × 4 = 12 (0th generation) and 3 × 8 = 24 electrons (1st generation) as shown by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry and supported by semiempirical PM6 calculations. Viologen stars C[(BnV++–PhV++)1‐CH2Br]3 (7) and C[(BnV++–PhV++)2CH2Br]3 (12) undergo electrochemical or Zn‐induced polymerization by benzyl–benzyl radical coupling. The polymer‐modified electrodes (average film thickness of ca. 60 nm) exhibit the same electrochemistry as the monomers. They were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, and STM, and those produced by Zn reduction by IR spectroscopy. Viologen stars in their monomeric and polymeric state represent a new multielectron redox material (12 e– and 24 e– per molecule for the 0th and 1st generation viologen stars are exchangeable, respectively) with localized redox orbitals and electrochemical activity, which exhibits four waves within a potential range of 0.58 V.
Spoilage Detection with Biogenic Amine Biosensors, Comparison of Different Enzyme Electrodes
Authors: Bóka Beáta , Adányi Nóra , Virág Diána , Sebela Marek , Kiss Attila
Published: December 2011

Three enzyme based amperometric biosensors for biogenic amines were applied for meat spoilage monitoring. With diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6), the total biogenic amine content was measured. Monoamine oxidase A (EC 1.4.3.4) was used for determination of tyramine, tryptamine and phenylethylamine content. Putrescine was selectively detected with putrescine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.10). The enzymes were separately co‐immobilized on graphite electrodes with peroxidase and Os mediator (PVI7‐dme‐Os). A fast extraction method using special centrifugal separator was applied for pork and fish samples stored at different conditions. Although partial extraction was achieved, the results correlate with total biogenic amine content measured by HPLC method.
Pain in clinical oncology: Patient satisfaction with management of cancer pain
Authors: Antón A. , Montalar J. , Carulla J. , Jara C. , Batista N. , Camps C. , Cassinello J. , Sanz‐Ortiz J. , Díaz‐Rubio E. , Martínez C. , Ledesma F. , Zubillaga E. ,   ALGOS Group,   DOME III Study Group
Published: December 2011

Background

Despite effective analgesic therapy, inadequate pain control is frequently perceived by patients and caregivers.

Aims

To assess satisfaction with management of pain in cancer patients.

Methods

Between January and May 2007, a cross‐sectional multicentre study was conducted in 64 Medical Oncology Departments throughout Spain. A total of 525 outpatients with oncological diseases completed a questionnaire with demographic data, characteristics and intensity of pain, and perceptions and attitudes towards pain management at the time of a routine clinical visit. Physicians also completed a questionnaire with tumour‐related and treatment‐related data. Cluster analysis was used to classify patients into three groups (satisfied, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied or neutral, dissatisfied) according to pain intensity and satisfaction with treatment.

Results

Patients satisfied with their analgesic treatment (33%) had lower pain intensities and, when regularly asked about their pain, considered their physicians to be more involved in their treatment. Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied patients (neutral) (44%) had higher mean pain intensities. Two‐thirds of them achieved marked relief of their pain and also thought that physicians were aware of their situation. Dissatisfied patients (23%) had moderate to severe pain intensities, and said that they were asked less frequently about their pain, and thought that their physicians were less involved in their analgesic treatment.

Conclusion

Physician–patient communication and information provided to patients are essential aspects of patient perceptions and attitudes towards control of cancer‐related pain. Pain is seen as a condition that may be controlled but affects the capacity to lead a normal life.
The Need for Counselor Licensure: A Rehabilitation Counseling Perspective
Authors: COTTONE R. ROCCO
Published: December 2011

The legal, ethical, and professional problems related to the private practice of rehabilitation counseling are described. Counselor licensure is recommended as a remedy.
The Uniqueness of Similarities: Parallels of Milton H. Erickson and Carl Rogers
Authors: GUNNISON HUGH
Published: December 2011

The philosophy and values of Carl Rogers hold a central position in the counseling profession. Today the writings and work of Milton H. Erickson are beginning to have a similar influence. Erickson's strategies and techniques have been explored from many theoretical frames of reference, but little attention has been paid to his values regarding the human condition. It is these value assumptions of Rogers and Erickson that will be examined in this article.
A Framework for Sex Role Counseling
Authors: COOK ELLEN PIEL
Published: December 2011

The androgyny model of masculinity and femininity serves as the basis for a framework for sex role counseling applicable to both sexes. A conceptualization of individual differences in sex role‐related characteristics suggests criteria for personal sex role adjustment other than universal conformity to traditional sex role requirements. It is suggested that consistency among an individual's feminine and masculine self‐attributions, sex role ideals, environmental demands with their accompanying rewards and costs, and the behavioral repertoire available for dealing with current situations is needed for a comfortable sense of self as a woman or man. Examples of sex role problems, counseling goals, and interventions are described within this framework. Sex role counseling thus requires a clear comprehension of the impact of sex roles on a personal level.
Perceived Influence of Male Sex Role Identity on Female Partner's Life Choices
Authors: WILSON JENNIFER B.
Published: December 2011

The relationship between a man's sex role identity and his and his female partner's perceptions of his influence on her life choices was investigated in this study. Sex role identity was measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), and perception of influence was measured by the Interpersonal Influence Survey (IIS). The BSRI and IIS were administered by mail to 131 pairs of female graduate students and their male partners. Male and female perceptions of the man's influence were found to be related to the man's BSRI scores. Masculine men were not found to differ in their perceptions of influence from feminine or un‐differentiated men, but they were found to have significantly lower perceptions of their influence than androgynous men. Feminine men were not found to differ in their perceptions of influence from masculine or undifferentiated men, but they were found to be lower in their perceptions of influence than androgynous men. Women with androgynous or feminine male partners perceived the man as being more influential than did female partners of masculine men, but they did not differ in their perceptions of male partner influence from women with undifferentiated male partners. Women with masculine or undifferentiated male partners did not differ in their perceptions of the male partner's influence.
John Watson Murray Rothney: Eminent Practitioner, Educator, and Researcher
Authors: ENGELS DENNIS W.
Published: December 2011

This article contains highlights of an interview with John Rothney concerning his personal and professional life and career of research, counseling, and teaching.
Institutional Affiliations of Contributors to the Personnel and Guidance Journal: Volumes 47–62
Authors: CESARI JOAN P. , PELSMA DENNIS M.
Published: December 2011

The institutional affiliations of contributors to the Personnel and Guidance Journal were examined for a 16‐volume period (Vols. 47–62). Authors from colleges and universities represented the major source of contributions (80%). Colleges and universities were then ranked according to the number of articles submitted in each of the two 8‐volume periods studied. The top 25 institutions for the entire 16‐volume period were identified and ranked according to their contributions to the Journal. Results were compared to a previous study of Journal contributors to highlight trends across a 32‐volume period.
Accountability Practices of School Counselors: A National Survey
Authors: FAIRCHILD THOMAS N. , ZINS JOSEPH E.
Published: December 2011

A national survey of practicing school counselors was conducted to obtain information regarding (a) their accountability practices, (b) barriers to the collection of accountability data, (c) the relationship between involvement in accountability efforts and demographic variables, and (d) strategies for increasing activity in the area of accountability. Results indicated that 55% of the 239 respondents were collecting accountability data, often for the purpose of enhancing their professional growth and development. The 108 school counselors not involved in the collection of such data identified lack of familiarity with procedures and time constraints as major barriers. Respondents indicated a need for additional preservice and in‐service training, as well as for dissemination of exemplary procedures.
A Last Word
Authors: SCHAUER ANDREW H.
Published: December 2011

Oh, that I would have read Buford Stefflre's (1969) parting words as editor of this journal before I began my co‐editorship of Testing the Test! Clearly knowing of what he wrote, Stefflre distilled the experience when commenting that editorship “taught me much about writers, reading, and myself‐some of which I never wanted to learn” (p. 1032). Such was my journey through editorhood, and because of it I am compelled to recall certain aspects of the task both for aspiring section or journal editors and those who wish to write for such.
Law Enforcement Officers: The Consequences of Exposure to Violence
Authors: ANDERSON WAYNE , BAUER BARBARA
Published: December 2011

Law enforcement officers are exposed to victims of violence, are themselves victims of violence, and, at times, use violence against offenders. The authors discuss methods that officers have developed for handling violent situations and explore some of the effects this exposure to violence has on both their mental and physical health. Suggestions are developed for counselors working with law enforcement personnel and others who need to cope with the direct and indirect effects of violence.
Privileged Communication in Selected Helping Professions: A Comparison Among Statutes
Authors: HERLIHY BARBARA , SHEELEY VERNON LEE
Published: December 2011

The authors present findings of an examination and assessment of existing privileged communication statutes and rules of evidence in the 50 states and the District of Columbia for clients of selected helping professionals: psychologists, social workers, marriage and family therapists or counselors, school counselors, and licensed professional counselors. Data are reported regarding the extent to which each of these professional groups has succeeded in establishing that their clients' communications with them are entitled to legal privilege, the scope of privilege extended, and specified exceptions to privilege. The report concludes with implications and suggested guidelines for practice.
The Potential Contribution of School Counseling to School Integration
Authors: RICH YISRAEL
Published: December 2011

The author discusses the goals of desegregation, the impact of desegregation on pupils' educational outcomes, and ways in which counselors can foster high quality education in integrated settings.
Low Cost Needs Assessment for a Rural Mental Health Center
Authors: MacDEVITT MARGARET , MacDEVITT JOHN
Published: December 2011

An inexpensive needs assessment was conducted using volunteer university students as telephone interviewers. The procedure and findings are described in terms of the literature, and the applicability of the low‐budget approach to other settings is discussed.
A Comparison of Gifted, General, and Special Learning Needs Students on Academic and Social Self‐Concept
Authors: COLANGELO NICHOLAS , KELLY KEVIN R. , SCHREPFER RAY M.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare students identified as gifted, general, and having special learning needs on academic and social self‐concept. The three groups of students were identified by their schools according to their academic abilities. Gifted students were selected because of inordinately high academic abilities, those with special learning needs because of inordinate academic difficulties, and general students because their academic abilities were not at either extreme. Junior high school students (N = 243) completed the Tennessee Self‐Concept Scale and the School Attitude Measure. These measures were given in September and then repeated in May of the same academic year. Gifted students tended to score highest on both academic and social self‐concept, although this relationship was influenced somewhat by sex. Students with special learning needs scored lowest on all variables. Differences found in the September testing were maintained in May. Educational implications of these results are elaborated.
Children's Social Skills: Assessment and Classification Practices
Authors: ELLIOTT STEPHEN N. , GRESHAM FRANK M.
Published: December 2011

After defining social skills, the authors review recent advances in the assessment and classification of children's social skills. Social skills have been demonstrated to be critical prerequisites to academic and interpersonal success. Therefore, knowledge of recent advances in the evaluation of social skills is essential to the functioning of counselors in schools.
The Nature of Preference: A Response to Grantham and Gordon
Authors: CHEATHAM HAROLD E. , PATRICK JOHN
Published: December 2011

Grantham and Gordon (1986) contended that preference was inadequately understood as a construct and that a more incisive conceptualization was needed to promote research and theoretical considerations. We contend that their offering adds to the terminological confusion. A brief critique of Grantham and Gordon's notions and an alternative conceptualization and schema are offered.
Understanding and Counseling Gay Men: A Developmental Perspective
Authors: GUMAER JAMES
Published: December 2011

The author reviews current concepts and research concerning homosexuality with emphasis on understanding gay men and their relationship behaviors. Because the current focus is on homosexuality as a developmental process, counseling considerations are presented from a developmental perspective and a case example is included.
Mentoring as a Career Enhancement Strategy for Women
Authors: HARING‐HIDORE MARILYN
Published: December 2011

Swoboda, M.J., & Millar, S.B. (1986). Networking‐mentoring: Career strategy of women in academic administration. Journal of NAWDAC, 49, 8–13.
A Comparison of the Ninth Mental Measurements Yearbook and Test Critiques, Volumes I—III
Authors: HARMON LENORE W.
Published: December 2011

Keyser, D.K., & Sweetland, R.C. (Eds.). (1985). Test critiques (Vols. I‐III). Kansas City, MO: Test Corporation of America.

Mitchell, J.V., Jr. (Ed.). (1985). The ninth mental measurements yearbook (Vols. I & II). Lincoln: University of Nebraska, Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.
Sports Counseling: Enhancing the Development of the Student‐Athlete
Authors: CHARTRAND JUDY M. , LENT ROBERT W.
Published: December 2011

The academic and personal development of intercollegiate athletes is a growing concern among academic administrators and student affairs professionals. The authors explore two problems, role conflict and athletic retirement, commonly faced by student‐athletes. Also, they describe several potentially useful intervention models based on a psychoeducational approach and suggest some directions for future research in aiding understanding of student‐athlete development.
Counseling in Malaysia: An Emerging Profession
Authors: SCORZELLI JAMES F.
Published: December 2011

The emergence of counseling in Malaysia illustrates the importance of a strong professional association and counseling training programs at the university level.
Career Indecision: A Family Systems Perspective
Authors: LOPEZ FREDERICK G. , ANDREWS SCOTT
Published: December 2011

In existing theories of vocational development career indecision is generally attributed to character deficits in the young adult. The authors present an alternative, family systems perspective on career indecision. Also, they speculate on the family patterns that contribute to career indecisiveness and on the functions that this problem may serve within the larger family network.
Using Percentile Bands for Meaningful Descriptive Test Score Interpretations
Authors: HANNA GERALD S.
Published: December 2011

The author addresses practical issues concerning test score interpretation. Percentile bands are recommended for reporting to clients the extent and the limits of what test scores reveal. A variety of suggestions and examples are provided for rendering interpretations meaningful.
Contributing Factors to Early Premature Termination at a College Counseling Center
Authors: MARTIN GLEN A. , McNAIR DAVID , HIGHT WILLIAM
Published: December 2011

The authors investigated the relationships between clients' early premature termination of counseling and ratings of their counselors' expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness and the extent to which clients believed that they were understood by their counselors. A follow‐up survey was conducted to assess the clients' reasons for terminating prematurely. Participants were 148 students who sought individual counseling at a university counseling center. The two groups did not differ on the variables investigated. Most of the participants who terminated prematurely reported that they did so because they did not have time for further sessions, did not need further sessions, or forgot their appointments.
Children's Developmental Services: A Multidisciplinary Program of Psychological and Educational Services for Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: RESNICK MICHAEL B. , REISS JOHN , EYLER FONDA D. , SCHAUBLE PAUL
Published: December 2011

Psychologists, counselors, and educators provide an innovative interdisciplinary program for hospital care and follow‐up of premature infants at the University of Florida. This growing population of surviving neonates has a high risk of developmental disability, which can be reduced by developmental intervention.
The New Scholarship on Women
Authors: ALTMAIER ELIZABETH M. , GREINER MICHELE , GRIFFIN‐PIERSON SHARON
Published: December 2011

Biklen, S.K., & Dwyer, C. (Eds.). (1986). The new scholarship on women in education [Special issue]. Educational Researcher, 15(6).

McHugh, M.C., Koeske, R.D., & Frieze, I.H. (1986). Issues to consider in conducting nonsexist psychological research. American Psychologist, 41, 879–890.
Intervention for Multipotentiality: Effects of a Career Counseling Laboratory for Gifted High School Students
Authors: KERR BARBARA A. , GHRIST‐PRIEBE SUZANNE L.
Published: December 2011

Career counseling effectively enhanced high school students' desire to engage in discussion about their career development with counselors, parents, and peers. They also were somewhat more likely to plan to go to college. A total of 59% changed or confirmed their career plans.
Alcohol Education Through Computer‐Assisted Instruction
Authors: MEIER SCOTT T.
Published: December 2011

The author describes the application of computer‐assisted instruction (CM) to alcohol education. The program, titled If You Drink, contains five modules that teach about the effects of alcohol, blood alcohol content, drinking and driving, decision making about drinking, and interactions between alcohol and commonly prescribed medications.
Developmental Therapy: Integrating Developmental Processes into the Clinical Practice
Authors: IVEY ALLEN E. , GONCALVES OSCAR F.
Published: December 2011

The facilitation of development may be considered the primary goal of counseling and therapy. Developmental theory, however, remains relatively divorced from direct clinical work. Developmental therapy is oriented toward identifying how to use basic developmental theory in clinical consultation. Developmental therapy differs from life span developmental psychology in emphasizing specific processes of change, growth, and development rather than outcomes and life stages. Thus, developmental therapy supplements life span theory and provides specific suggestions for clinical‐counseling interventions that may be used to assess the developmental level of a client on a specific task, select counseling skills and theory to match client cognitive‐developmental level, and obtain feedback on the effectiveness of the intervention that will enable one to change counseling style to meet client needs. Basic to developmental therapy is a modern adaptatio of Platonic and Piagetian constructs that allows the systematic integration of counseling and therapy theory. Implications of the model for training and practice are discussed.
Family of Origin Violence and Courtship Abuse
Authors: MARSHALL LINDA L. , ROSE PATRICIA
Published: December 2011

Research has shown that family of origin violence is related to later courtship and marital abuse. Few researchers, however, have distinguished between observed and received violence as a child and expressed and received abuse in adult relationships. Questionnaires addressing these issues were completed by 336 undergraduates. Results indicated that 75% of the sample had expressed threats or actual violence and 64% had received such abuse in an intimate relationship. Only 25% had been publicly identified as a result of the violence. In this sample, 30% had parents who abused each other. Less often, the mother (9.1%) or father (8.5%) had been the sole abuser. Most (76.4%) had been abused as children. Multiple regression indicated that being abused as a child predicted receiving and expressing violence as an adult.
Communicating Distressful Information: A Video Training Program in a Special Education Setting
Authors: STONE GERALD L. , WOLRAICH MARK L. , HILLERBRAND ERIC
Published: December 2011

The authors developed and evaluated a videotape training program on teaching process and problem‐solving skills specifically related to issues associated with the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Results indicated that exposure to the training program reduced anxiety specific to the targeted issues. Feedback about the program was positive. Development and evaluation issues are discussed.
How to Fail in Private Practice: 13 Easy Steps
Authors: HINES MAX H.
Published: December 2011

Because the many burdens of establishing and maintaining a private practice can sometimes feel heavy, this article is offered as a catalyst for lightening up a bit. Having learned from making some form of each of these 13 mistakes, the author humbly presents them to readers with tongue in cheek.
Career Education for Students With Disabilities
Authors: BROLIN DONN E. , GYSBERS NORMAN C.
Published: December 2011

Career education is as important for students in special education services as it was a decade ago. The majority of these students continue to experience extreme difficulties in making a successful transition from secondary programs to employment and independent living. The authors review the state of the art and then present a life‐centered career education curricular approach to prepare students with the important competencies needed for successful adult adjustment. Sample programs are cited. The school counselor is viewed as an important contributor to this process, and several critical guidance functions are recommended by using a comprehensive guidance program model. A challenge to the professional is presented to complete the unfinished agenda that presently exists in services to students with disabilities.
Feminist Identity Development: Implications for Feminist Therapy With Women
Authors: McNAMARA KATHLEEN , RICKARD KATHRYN M.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the implications of the Downing and Roush (1985) model of feminist identity development for feminist therapy with women. Following a summary of the model, the potential pitfalls of feminist therapy with the passive‐acceptant client are described, as well as potential issues at subsequent stages of the client's identity development. Suggestions are made regarding how to facilitate clients' movement to higher levels of development. Finally, a research agenda is proposed that suggests hypotheses to be tested that arise from applying this model to conducting therapy with women.
Counseling Foreign Law Students
Authors: SVARNEY RONALD J.
Published: December 2011

This article examines issues that foreign students studying law in the United States may encounter, issues that are proposed within the context of existing information on foreign students, law students, and the law school experience. Implications for counseling are discussed.
Rollo May: A Man of Meaning and Myth
Authors: RABINOWITZ FREDRIC E. , GOOD GLENN , COZAD LIZA
Published: December 2011

Rollo May, a prominent existential psychologist and therapist, discusses his personal and professional development, his perspective on the state of the counseling profession, and his concerns about current societal issues.
Systematic Need Assessment: A Primer
Authors: COOK DANIEL W.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this article is to provide information on conducting program‐related needs assessment. A step‐by‐step approach to designing need assessments is given. Attention is directed to the importance of prioritizing needs; a scaling procedure for ensuring prioritization is reviewed; and an example of a need assessment using the scaling technique is presented.
A Program to Meet the Emotional and Social Needs of Gifted and Talented Adolescents
Authors: BARNETTE EDMUND L.
Published: December 2011

To address the affective needs of gifted and talented adolescents, a 3‐day group dynamics workshop became part of a 3‐week summer institute. The workshop contained activities designed to increase self‐esteem, group cohesion, and problem‐solving skills to prepare the adolescents for completing communication projects with retirees.
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Adolescents: A Critical Challenge to Counselors
Authors: COLEMAN ELI , REMAFEDI GARY
Published: December 2011

Meeting the health care needs of gay, lesbian, and bisexual teenagers has become a public health imperative, and mental health professionals should be prepared for the challenge. The stigma of homosexuality often gives rise to psychosocial problems for adolescents, who are in the process of sexual identity development. The stigma also may complicate delivery of appropriate, ethical, and sound mental health treatment. Suggestions are offered to support healthy development, to assist recovery from stigma, and to avert the disastrous consequences of suicide and AIDS.
Incorporating Lesbian and Gay Issues Into Counselor Training: A Resource Guide
Authors: BUHRKE ROBIN A.
Published: December 2011

In order for counselors to facilitate the growth of their lesbian and gay clients, they must be familiar with and become sensitive to the special needs of this population. However, most counselors and counselor trainees have had little exposure to these needs. One way of increasing their awareness and sensitivity is to incorporate lesbian and gay issues into counselor training programs. The focus of this article is to present a limited list of strategies and resources that can be used to supplement materials in traditional courses in counselor training so as to better prepare counselors for dealing with lesbian and gay clients.
Career Transition for Actors: A Program Description
Authors: ORMONT RONDA J.
Published: December 2011

This article provides an overview of the distinctive problems actors pose from a counseling standpoint and the manner in which a recently established program addresses these needs. The author describes how performers are assisted in securing dignified interim work, changing their careers, and renewing their sense of purpose in life.
A Japanese Perspective on Client Inaction: Removing Attitudinal Blocks Through Morita Therapy
Authors: ISHIYAMA F. ISHU
Published: December 2011

Seven self‐defeating attitudinal factors contributing to client inaction and procrastination are discussed from the Morita therapist's perspective. Morita therapy is briefly described, and ways of facilitating desirable action and reducing self‐preoccupations are suggested. The suggested approach challenges the client's assumption that resisting and removing the unwanted feelings and imperfect psychological conditions is a prerequisite for implementing necessary action. The counselor's reinforcement of clients' mood‐governed action style is also discussed as a factor contributing to the client's inaction.
Autonomy and the Struggle for Female Identity: Implications for Counseling Women
Authors: McBRIDE MARTHA C.
Published: December 2011

Many feminist writers have seen autonomy as a male developmental issue rather than as one appropriate for women. When a woman strives to become an equal member of society, however, her internal programming often gets in the way. Whether dealing with inequity in the workplace, with friends, or with family, many women find themselves giving up their autonomy to accommodate others. This article discusses different views of autonomy and some cognitive behavioral approaches that can help women raise their self‐esteem and overcome dependency. Other methods are suggested for helping women become more autonomous without giving up such attributes as being caring and showing compassion.
Prevalence of Counselor Self‐Reference in the Therapeutic Dyad
Authors: ROBITSCHEK CHRISTINE G. , McCARTHY PATRICIA R.
Published: December 2011

Ninety‐one male and female counselors completed a survey assessing the frequency of their use of self‐referent statements (positive and negative self‐disclosure and positive and negative self‐involving responses) in individual counseling. As the researchers hypothesized, counselors reported using a significantly greater frequency of positive versus negative self‐reference. Contrary to hypotheses, there were no significant differences due to either counselor gender or level of counseling experience alone. There was, however, an interaction for males such that as experience increased, self‐reference decreased. Implications for training and research are discussed.
Effects of Culturally Consistent Counseling Tasks on American and International Student Observers' Perception of Counselor Credibility: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: SODOWSKY GARGI ROYSIRCAR
Published: December 2011

The researcher investigated the causes of international students' perception of counselor credibility. Student observers viewed two videotapes of simulated counseling that were determined to be significantly different: Tape A was consistent with the Asian lndian client's cultural values; Tape B, with mainstream counseling. The observers, White American students and Asian Indian and South Korean international students, were asked to view Tape A or Tape B and answer Barak and LaCrosse's Counselor Rating Form (CRF). The Asian Indians found the culturally consistent counselor significantly more expert‐like and trustworthy than the culturally discrepant counselor. The Asian Indians differed from the Americans on their perceptions of the culturally discrepant counselor.
Single Parenthood: Leading With My Heart
Authors: BALDWIN CYNTHIA
Published: December 2011

Personally Speaking provides a forum for readers to describe important issues or events in their lives and the role, if any, counseling has played. Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be obtained from Stephen G. Weinrach, 303 Falvey Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085–1699.
A Multicultural Perspective in an Undergraduate Human Services Program
Authors: GARCIA MIKEL HOGAN , WRIGHT JEROME W. , COREY GERALD
Published: December 2011

This article describes the undergraduate human services program at California State University, Fullerton, which is designed to integrate theory and practice as a foundation for training human service workers. The article focuses on a course in cultural diversity that is taught from a multicultural perspective. The course is designed to help students understand and value diversity based on the nature of the clients they will be working with in the future. Because a single course is not sufficient to provide students with the necessary knowledge and skills needed for effective practice in a multicultural society, the article also describes the program's attempt to weave a multicultural perspective throughout the curriculum. We believe a multicultural curriculum improves both the academic achievement of our students and their success as future human service workers in the community because they will be able to adapt intervention strategies to meet the needs of a diverse client population.

Este articulo describe el programa de estudios de Asistencia Social en California State University, Fullerton, el cual se ha diseñado para intregar la teoría y la practica como un base para entrenar a los Asistentes Sociales. El artículo se centra en un curso de diversidad cultural, enseñado desde una perspectiva multicultural. Se ha diseñado el curso para ayudar a los estudiantes a entender y evaluar la diversidad de clientes con quienes trabajarán. Porque sólo un curso no es suficiente para dar a los estudientes el conocimiento y capacidades necesarios para la práctica eficaz en una sociedad multicultural, el artículo tambien describe el intento del programa de incorporar al programa una perspectiva multicultural. Nosotros creemos que un programa multicultural mejora a la vez los resultados académicos de nuestros estudiantes y su éxito como futuros Asistentes Sociales en la comunidad, porque de esta manera podrán adaptar estrategias de intervención para una población variada de clientes.
Multicultural Counseling Instruction: A Challenge for Faculties in the 21st Century
Authors: MIDGETTE THOMAS E. , MEGGERT SANDRA S.
Published: December 2011

Publicly, most counselors and therapists subscribe to the notion that there is a need and rationale for a multicultural perspective to better serve the culturally different. Professionals in many counselor education programs, however, have only superficially addressed this issue. In this article we describe some of the challenges facing faculties in the 21st century and why counselor training programs must be more assertive in addressing cultural competency issues as they relate to counseling theories, practice, and research. Strategies are provided that may be used in program and curricula development.

La mayoría de consejeros y terapéutas subscribirían públicamente la idea de que hay una necisidad y una razón fundemental para la perspectiva multicultural para asistir mejor a los que son diferentes culturalmente hablando. Sin embargo, muchos programas de consejería solamente se dirigen superficialmente a este asunto. En este artículo se describen algunos de los desafios a los que las facultades se enfrentarán en el siglo XXI y porque los programas de entrenamiento de consejeros tienen que ser más agresivos al referirse a los asuntos de competencia cultural en relación con las teorías, la práctica, y las investigaciones de consejería. Se dan estrategias que se pueden utilizar en el desarrollo de programas.
Sexual Harassment: A Female Counseling Student's Experience
Authors:   ANONYMOUS
Published: December 2011

A counseling student describes her experience as a target of long‐term, systematic harassment in the form of sexual seduction. The harassing professor was the student's practicum supervisor. The author recounts the effects of experiencing the harassment, confronting her harasser, and enduring an investigation. The events of the case demonstrate that sexualization of the professor‐student relationship has a powerful potential to destroy trust, a fundamental element in the student's future profession. They also demonstrate that taking action can empower a student to resolve the experience for herself, gain strength from her actions, and move forward with her life.
The Evolution of Trait‐and‐Factor Career Counseling: A Person × Environment Fit Approach
Authors: CHARTRAND JUDY M.
Published: December 2011

This article illustrates how the trait‐and‐factor model of career counseling has evolved into a person × environment fit approach. Criticisms of the original model are presented and then rebutted by clarifying misconceptions and noting advances in theory and practice. Specifically, theoretical advances include the addition of dynamic assumptions underlying the model and the development of mature theories of career choice and adjustment. Counseling advances include use of more comprehensive diagnostic schemes, explication of the counseling process, and a more sophisticated understanding of counselor and client interactions. Finally, the role of differential diagnosis, problem‐solving interventions, and psychometric information within this approach are clarified.
The Therapeutic Reactance Scale: A Measure of Psychological Reactance
Authors: DOWD E. THOMAS , MILNE CHRISTOPHER R. , WISE STEVEN L.
Published: December 2011

This article describes the development of the Therapeutic Reactance Scale, which was developed to measure psychological reactance as defined by Brehm (1966). The scale was factor‐analyzed into verbal and behavioral reactance subscales. Reliability and validity data are also presented.
Meeting the Psychological Needs of Gifted Black Students: A Cultural Perspective
Authors: FORD‐HARRIS DONNA Y. , SCHUERGER JAMES M. , HARRIS J. JOHN
Published: December 2011

In the literature, one finds rich analyses of the psychological, emotional, and social needs of gifted people. The data on the specific psychological needs of gifted minority children, however, are lacking; one finds even less information on their cultural needs. This article examines the psychological and social difficulties confronting gifted Black students. Racial identity development theory is described briefly, including the significance of culture on achievement and psychological well‐being. Finally, recommendations are made for counselors who wish to work effectively with gifted Black students.
Joy, 20 Years Later: A Conversation With Will Schutz
Authors: LEAL ANITA
Published: December 2011

Will C. Schutz, an encounter groups pioneer, was interviewed about his personal life, the turning points of his life that led to his involvement in group work, his experiences before, at, and after Esalen, and his views on the field of counseling.
Confronting Our Own Hypocrisy: Being a Model for Our Students and Clients
Authors: KOTTLER JEFFREY A.
Published: December 2011

Counselor educators, supervisors, and practitioners sometimes act in ways that contradict the most significant beliefs and values that they espouse. Despite communicating to students and trainees the importance of being caring, respectful, warm, flexible, honest, and personally competent, we are sometimes found to be operating quite differently. Issues related to the counselor educator, supervisor, and practitioner's narcissism, self‐indulgence, abuses of power, illusions of omnipotence, prejudices, and unresolved issues are discussed. A case is strongly presented that we would all be a lot more effective if we worked to confront our hypocrisies and practice more what we preach.
Improving School Guidance programs: A Framework for Program, Personnel, and Results Evaluation
Authors: GYSBERS NORMAN C. , HUGHEY KENNETH F. , STARR MARION , LAPAN RICHARD T.
Published: December 2011

This article describes the overall evaluation framework that is guiding Missouri's efforts to evaluate comprehensive school guidance programs. Evaluation is viewed as an ongoing process designed to improve a school's guidance program. The overall evaluation framework described consists of program, personnel, and results evaluation. It is an outcome‐based framework. Five questions guide the evaluation process. Are the program elements in place? Are school counselors supervised and evaluated based on their comprehensive guidance program job description? Are procedures used to measure students' mastery of guidance competencies? Are procedures used to measure the impact of the program on the climate and goals of the school? Are the individuals served by the program and the patrons in the community satisfied with the program?
Fairy Tales: Visions for Problem Resolution in Eating Disorders
Authors: HILL LAURA
Published: December 2011

This article introduces a framework that uses fairy tales, such as Cinderella, as a vision‐to‐action treatment alternative for psychological dysfunctions focusing on eating disorders. Clinical examples are provided that integrate guided imagery, cognitive reframing, and behavioral assignments.
Assessment of Selected CACREP Standards by Accredited and Nonaccredited Programs
Authors: BOBBY CAROL L. , KANDOR JOSEPH R.
Published: December 2011

This study surveyed both accredited and nonaccredited counselor education program professionals to investigate their perceptions of whether a select group of standards was a hindrance to seeking and achieving accreditation.
Social Support in Academic Programs and Family Environments: Sex Differences and Role Conflicts for Graduate Students
Authors: MALLINCKRODT BRENT , LEONG FREDERICK T. L.
Published: December 2011

We hoped to identify the sources and types of social support that are most beneficial for helping graduate students cope with stress. A second purpose of our study was to identify sex differences in stress and the most beneficial types of support. Students living in graduate student housing were surveyed to assess (a) social support in their academic programs and in their family environments, (b) recent stressful life events, and (c) depression and anxiety as psychological symptoms of stress. Women reported significantly more stress, more symptoms of stress, and significantly less support from their academic departments and family environments than did men. Family support had only buffering effects, but no direct effects on stress symptoms for women. Graduate program and family support had direct effects, but no buffering effects on stress symptoms for men. These results may indicate greater role strain for women, perhaps resulting from less support for their multiple roles and greater concerns about balancing academic and family demands.
Physical Illness and Subscription to Ellis's Irrational Beliefs
Authors: Lichtenberg James W. , Johnson Diana DeVore , Arachtingi Barrie Mariner
Published: December 2011

Research has shown a generally positive correlation between a person's propensity for illness and certain psychosocial variables. This study investigated the relationship between age, sex, and degree of subscription to each of Ellis's 10 irrational beliefs and frequency and type of illness. Participants were 122 adults who were assessed on the Irrational Beliefs Test and an illness questionnaire. Participants' scores on both instruments were analyzed using a canonical correlation analysis. There was a statistically significant relationship between participants' sex, age, and subscription to irrational beliefs, and frequency and type of physical illness. Specifically, the authors found that the older the participant, and more often for women, higher need for approval, higher need for competency and achievement, lower need to find perfect solutions to problems, and to a lesser extent, higher dependency on stronger persons were correlated with a greater number of organ systems affected by illness, a greater number of chronic illnesses, and to a lesser extent, a greater total frequency of illness. Conversely, the younger the participant, and more often for men, lower need for approval from others, lower need for competency and achievement, higher need to find perfect solutions to problems, and to a lesser extent, lower dependency on others were correlated with a fewer number of organ systems affected by illness, fewer chronic illnesses, and to a lesser extent, a lower total frequency of illness. Implications of these findings for counselors are discussed.
The Relationship of Paper‐and‐Pencil Wellness Measures to Objective Physiological Indexes
Authors: DeStefano Thomas J. , Richardson Peter
Published: December 2011

College freshmen completed a paper‐and‐pencil wellness assessment instrument and a supplemental questionnaire and were given a number of physical tests including measures of body composition, cholesterol, blood pressure, and pulse rate. Analyses indicated there were no significant relationships between specific paper‐and‐pencil physical scores and specific objective physiological indicators but that when several wellness scores were considered simultaneously and general indicators of health were used, significant relationships did exist. There were also significant relationships between wellness scores and people's perceptions of their health. Limitations and implications of the results are discussed.