bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C→G base mutations in the CArG box of c‐fosserum response element alter its bending flexibility
Authors: Stepanek Josef , Vincent Michel , Turpin Pierre‐Yves , Paulin Denise , Fermandjian Serge , Alpert Bernard , Zentz Christian
Published: April 2007

By binding to the CArG box sequence, the serum response factor (SRF) activates several muscle‐specific genes, as well as genes that respond to mitogens. The core domain of the SRF (core‐SRF) binds as a dimer to the CArG box C−5C−4A−3T−2A−1T+1T+2A+3G+4G+5of the c‐fosserum response element (SREfos). However, previous studies using 20‐mer DNAs have shown that the binding stoichiometry of core‐SRF is significantly altered by mutations C−5→G (SREGfos) and C−5C−4→GG (SREGGfos) of the CArG box [A Huet, A Parlakian, M‐C Arnaud, J‐M Glandières, P Valat, S Fermandjian, D Paulin, B Alpert & C Zentz (2005)FEBS J272, 3105–3119]. To understand these effects, we carried out a comparative analysis of the three 20‐mer DNAs SREfos, SREGfosand SREGGfosin aqueous solution. Their CD spectra were of the B‐DNA type with small differences generated by variations in the mutual arrangement of the base pairs. Analysis by singular value decomposition of a set of Raman spectra recorded as a function of temperature, revealed a premelting transition associated with a conformational shift in the DNA double helices from a bent to a linear form. Time‐resolved fluorescence anisotropy shows that the fluorescein reporter linked to the oligonucleotide 5′‐ends experiences twisting motions of the double helices related to the interconversion between bent and linear conformers. The three SREs present various bent populations submitted, however, to particular internal dynamics, decisive for the mutual adjustment of binding partners and therefore specific complex formation.
Effects of Topiramate on Mouse Eccrine Sweat Gland Responsiveness to Heat Exposure
Authors: Tian Jiyu , Huang Yuangui , Deng Yanchun , Chen Jianzong , Ma Lei , Chen Xiaoli , Jiang Wen , Zhao Gang , Wang Jingchun
Published: April 2007

Abstract:   Young mice (2 weeks old) were given topiramate daily for 1 month, and sudomotor function was evaluated utilizing impression mould techniques to determine the number of sweat glands reactive to heat exposure and sweat output per gland on the plantar surface of mice hind‐paws. Immunohistochemical quantitation of protein gene product 9.5, choline acetyltransferase and tyrosine hydroxylase in footpads was determined after topiramate treatment. While a 25% decrease in the number of secreting sweat glands and a 42% decline in sweat output per gland were observed following topiramate treatment, no significant differences were noted in sudomotor innervation, expressed as length of choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase and protein gene product 9.5 immunoreactive nerve profiles in single secretory coils or in sweat gland sizes within the secretory coil area. Long‐term topiramate stimulation resulted in a reduction in the number of reactive sweat glands, without changes in sweat gland innervation, suggesting that the diminished responsiveness of the glands to heat exposure induced by topiramate might have resulted from a decrease in the intrinsic regulatory activity of sweat glands, as opposed to the loss of periglandular neurotransmitters or the impairment of the structure of the glands.
THE PRODUCTION OF CYTOTOXIC ANTILEUCOCYTE ANTIBODIES BY PAROUS SHEEP
Authors: Ford C. H. J. , Elves M. W.
Published: April 2007

This communication describes the investigation of serum from parous ewes for the presence of cytotoxic antileucocyte antibodies. Sera from 195 sheep were tested using a fluorochromatic cytotoxic test: 119 from parous ewes, fifty‐nine from lambs and seventeen from rams. Only sera from ewes were cytotoxic and 52.1% possessed antibody. This is considered as prima facie evidence for the foetus being responsible for the antibody response. The results are compared with similar studies in man and the sheep and would suggest that maternal immunization is more frequent in this species than previously appreciated.
A SKIN‐GRAFT ENHANCING ANTISERUM WHICH RECOGNIZES TWO NEW B‐CELL ALLOANTIGENS DETERMINED BY THE MAJOR HISTO‐COMPATIBILITY LOCUS OF THE MOUSE
Authors: Archer J. R. , Smith Daphne A. , Davies D. A. L. , Staines N. A.
Published: April 2007

A mouse alloantiserum, raised by immunizing B10.D2/n mice with B10.M spleen, has been found to retain cytotoxic activity against a proportion of lymph node cells even after exhaustive absorption with B10.M red blood cells. Titration and absorption with a number of strains showed that the absorbed serum retained antibodies against two new specificities. The absorbed serum gave significant enhancement of B10.M skin grafts on B10.D2 and reacted mainly with B cells.
GENETIC STUDIES IN INBRED RATS
Authors: Kunz Heinz W. , Gill III Thomas J.
Published: April 2007

Two genetically inbred strains of rats with new histocompatibility alleles—the KGH and WKA strains—were characterized. Neither the KGH nor WKA strain cells reacted with known Ag‐B * specific antisera; specific antisera against these strains did not react with cells from any known Ag‐B group; and there was no cross‐reactivity between the histocompatibility antigens of the two strains. On the basis of these data, the KGH strain was assigned the Ag‐B7 allele and the WKA strain, the Ag‐B8 allele. Both strains were low responders to the test antigen poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15). In various crosses, the antibody response segregated as expected, i.e. low response was associated with the Ag‐B7 or Ag‐B8 alleles in the F2 and backcross generations.
GENETIC STUDIES IN INBRED RATS.
Authors: Cramer Donald V. , Shonnard John W. , Gill III Thomas J.
Published: April 2007

The relationship between the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) and the serologically defined antigens of the major histocompatibility complex was examined in twenty‐three strains of genetically inbred rats. Interstrain cell combinations involving representative members of the different major Ag‐B groups were associated with significant MLR responses. Strain combinations within a single Ag‐B group were never associated with significant MLR responses, suggesting that non‐Ag‐B loci probably do not play an important role in MLR reactivity among inbred strains of rats. The WKA and KGH strains, representing newly defined histocompatibility groups, were also examined. The WKA strain (Ag‐B8) showed positive MLR responses against representative members of all the different Ag‐B groups, including the KGH strain. The KGH strain (Ag‐B7) had positive MLR responses against all Ag‐B groups except Ag‐B1: no reactions occurred with three strains in this group, and inconsistent and weak reactivity was observed with a fourth strain (F344).
CONCANAVALIN A–RECEPTOR ON BLOOD CELLS OF SHEEP, GOAT AND PIG
Authors: Schmid D. O. , Cwik S.
Published: April 2007

Genetically determined Con‐A receptors were found to be present on erythrocyte membranes of sheep and goat. A two allelic system Con‐A and con‐a could be demonstrated. Con‐A receptors are also detectable on membranes of sheep lymphocytes, as well as on pig lymphocytes and granulocytes.
POLYMORPHISM OF CHICKEN SERUM ALLOTYPES
Authors: Ivanyi J.
Published: April 2007

Precipitating anti‐allotype sera were raised in chickens by intravenous immunization with antibody‐Bordetella pertussis complexes, and the following allotype systems were established: Gl—an IgG class‐specific marker localized on electrophoretically heterogeneous IgG fractions; M1—an IgM class‐specific marker which is carried also on the 7S monomer produced by reduction‐alkylation; Ll—a highdensity lipoprotein marker.

The incidence of antigens in the three allotype systems was examined in chickens of various strains whereby four G1 and three M1 specificities were demonstrated. The cross‐reactivities between antigens within the G1 and M1 systems indicate that they are products of multiple allelic genes.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AN HL‐A ANTIGEN AND AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN IN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES
Authors: Boettcher B. , Hay J. , Watterson C. A. , Bashir H. , MacQueen J. M. , Hardy G.
Published: April 2007

A group of Australian aborigines with a high frequency (15.5%) of asymptomatic Australia antigen (Au) carriers shows a statistically significant deficiency of W15 among Au carriers. The association was observed during an HL‐A survey, and was confirmed by a further study designed to investigate the observed association. Further, the pooled data establish the association.

The observed association can be explained satisfactorily in terms of an Au immune response locus closely linked with, and having alleles in linkage disequilibrium with alleles of, the Four locus of the HL‐A system. Since a deficiency of W15 among Au carriers has been reported in a northern European study, though it has not been observed in others, it is argued that the association has not occurred by chance, but that selection involving both HL‐A and immune response genes has been responsible for the observed association.

A significantly high proportion of Au carriers were observed to be homozygous for antigens of the Four series. The data, and their interpretation, lend support to the proposition that asymptomatic Au carriers are homozygous for an inactive allele of the gene responsible for the immune response to Au.
THE DISEASE OF THE NZB MOUSE II. FURTHER STUDIES ON TETRAPARENTAL NZB ? CFW CHIMAERAS DERIVED BY AGGREGATION OF EARLY EMBRYOS
Authors: Barnes R. D. , Wills E. J. , Tuffrey Maureen
Published: April 2007

Further evidence supporting the hypothesis that the autoimmune disease of the NZB results from failure of T cell mediated autoimmune suppressor function has been obtained from ovum fusion‐derived tetraparental NZB ? CFW chimaeras. Although the issue was complicated in three chimaeras by an acute interaction between the two parental strain cell populations, one animal remained well and no evidence of disease was found at postmortem. Electron microscopy demonstrated large numbers of C‐type particles in all the chimaeras and renal changes of an acute type rather than chronic NZB disease in two of the animals. Erythrophagocytosis was observed in all the chimaeras and was probably initiated by an antiautoantibody receptor‐determinant reaction. The phagocytosis of plasma cells suggested that the reaction was also directed against the clonal source of the autoantibody. A similar receptor‐determinant reaction may be responsible for the ‘normal’ elimination of aberrant autoimmune clones.
HL‐A TYPING IN DRIED BLOOD STAINS. II. COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON MICROCYTOTOXICITY AND MICROCOMPLEMENT FIXATION TESTS*
Authors: Rittner Ch. , Waiyawuth V.
Published: April 2007

With an improved method for extraction of HL‐A soluble antigen from dried blood stains, eighteen HL‐A antigens were tested in the microcytotoxicity test as described in the preceding paper (Rittner & Waiyawuth, 1974). With the antisera available, seven antigens could not be detected with sufficient confidence. As a serious handicap of the microcytotoxicity test, a selected panel of donor lymphocytes must be permanently available. A comparison between the microcytotoxicity and the microcomplement fixation test performed on platelet material recovered from the stains led to the conclusion that the microcomplement fixation test is better suited for a routine laboratory. Encouraging results were obtained in a larger series of microcomplement fixation tests with white blood cells from dried blood stains. Significant chi‐squared values were calculated for fourteen of sixteen antigens tested. The possible causes of false positive and negative reactions are discussed. Anticomplementary reaction of anti‐HL‐A sera in microcomplement fixation tests should be taken into account.
SEPARATE AND POLYMORPHIC LOCI CONTROLLING TWO TYPES OF POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS BEARING THE H‐2 PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SPECIFICITIES
Authors: Démant P. , Snell G. D. , Hess M. , Lemonnier F. , Neauport‐Sautes Catherine , Kourilsky F.
Published: April 2007

Serological and genetic analyses of H‐2 antigens indicate that each K or D region allele controls two highly polymorphic antigenic sites, the alpha site corresponding to the private specificity and the gamma site corresponding to the long public specificities. Studies of cell surface distribution and biochemical characteristics of the alpha type specificity H‐2.4 and gamma type specificity H‐2.28 in the product of a D region allele, Dd, demonstrate that these specificities are carried on two different polypeptide chains. Accordingly, two distinct and polymorphic genes are postulated to code for the product controlled by the D region of H‐2.
IMMUNOGENETIC ASPECTS OF ANTIGENIC STRENGTH
Authors: Festenstein H. , Démant P.
Published: April 2007

It is well known that the major histocompatibility system (MHS) has unique properties pertaining to antigenic strength (Démant, 1973). In the 1973 and 1975 Workshops we investigated alloimmune interactions to try to find out which MHS genes are involved and how they confer antigenic strength. We found that in several models there are special antigenic strength conferring and/or controlling genes, that there are probably several such genes unique for each model, situated throughout the mouse MHS (H‐2 complex). For example, the cell mediated lympholysis (CML) controlling genes, the Effector Cell Stimulating (ECS) genes, conferring strength against K and D region antigens are in the I region but separate from the I‐A Lad genes (Festenstein et al., 1974) while the allograft controlling genes, for various rejection models, are in the D region as well as the I region (Festenstein et al., 1975). This is an attempt to bring together the data from these various models to formulate a functional concept of antigenic strength, in relation to its genetic basis.
THE ROLE OF H‐2 REGION INCOMPATIBILITIES IN GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST REACTIONS RAISED BY THYMUS CELLS
Authors: Králová Jarmila , Zachařová Gisela , Démant P.
Published: April 2007

Graft‐versus‐host reaction, after injection of parental thymus cells into F1 hybrid recipients, was measured by popliteal lymph node assay in combinations of congenic strains which involve incompatibilities at various regions of the H‐2 gene complex. The results indicate that incompatibility at genes in the I‐A, I‐B regions or their vicinity results in the strongest graft‐versus‐host reaction. Incompatibility at genes associated with the I‐E region also was effective, while no graft‐versus‐host reaction was seen in combinations with I‐C, S, and D region incompatibility.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE GENETIC BASIS OF THE GENERATION OF CML IN MICE
Authors: Matossian‐Rogers A. , Démant P. , Festenstein H.
Published: April 2007

Twenty‐six combinations of C57BL/10 congenic mice involving incompatibilities in the I region and the H‐2K or H‐2D regions of the major histocompatibility complex were studied in a cell‐mediated lympholysis assay (CML). All combinations were positive; however, six were unidirectional. Three of these were consistent with the mapping of an effector cell stimulating locus (ECS) between the IB and IC sub‐regions. Possible reasons are given for the negativity of CML in I/H‐2K or H‐2D region incompatible combinations. A statistical method used to analyse the data is described.
EFFECT OF M‐LOCUS DEPENDENT T‐CELL PROLIFERATION UPON THE INDUCTION OF ANTI H‐2 CYTOTOXIC T EFFECTOR CELLS
Authors: Röllinghoff M. , Wagner H.
Published: April 2007

The influence of M‐locus dependent T cell proliferation on the induction of anti H‐2 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was tested in an in vitro murine cytotoxic allograft model. BALB/c (or CBA/H) derived responder cells (H‐2d or H‐2k) were cultured together with either C57BL derived fibroblasts or C57BL derived (H‐2b), U.V. light irradiated, splenic lymphocytes. These stimulator cells lack functionally active lymphocyte activating determinants (LADs), but display serologically defined (SD) H‐2 antigenic specificities. The cytotoxic anti SD‐activity obtained was weak. Under certain experimental conditions, the addition of stimulator cells which are H‐2 identical to the responder cells but differ at the M‐locus (either DBA/2 or AKR strain derived) gave an enhanced cytotoxic anti SD H‐2 specificity directed activity (three cell experiments)—findings in keeping with the ‘two signal’ hypothesis for the production of CTL during in vitro alloimmune interaction: they also suggest that LADs encoded by the M‐locus can, under these circumstances, substitute for MHC I region incompatibility. However, in some experiments, in which M‐locus different third party cells were added to normal one way mixed lymphocyte cultures, a suppressive effect could be observed upon the generation of CTL. Furthermore, 2‐mercaptoethanol together with M‐locus incompatible cells regularly suppressed, rather than amplified, the production of CTL. The addition of mercaptoethanol alone without M‐locus incompatible cells had an amplifying effect on the production of CTL when fibroblast stimulators were used. The roles of M‐locus LADs and mercaptoethanol are clearly complex and require further investigations.
THE EXPRESSION OF H‐2K, H‐2D AND Ia ANTIGENS IN VARIOUS TISSUES AS ASSESSED IN Fc RECEPTOR INHIBITION SYSTEMS
Authors: Halloran P. , Schirrmacher V. , David Chella S. , Staines N. A.
Published: April 2007

The ability of mouse alloantibody to inhibit EA rosette formation and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was used to study the expression of H‐2K, Ia and H‐2D antigens in various tissues. As previously reported antisera against each of these groups of antigens inhibited B lymphocyte EA rosette formation. Continuing studies confirmed these observations but established that quantitative differences may exist in the ease with which antibody against antigens in each region can inhibit EA rosettes: anti H‐2D and anti‐Ia seemed stronger relative to their cytotoxic titres than anti H‐2K. Possible reasons for this are discussed. When rosette forming cells from other tissues were studied, (bone marrow cells, peritoneal macrophages and tumour cells), they were inhibited by anti H‐2K and anti H‐2D sera but not by anti Ia sera, presumably reflecting the restricted distribution of Ia antigens in those tissues.

Inhibition of ADCC by various antisera reflected qualitatively and quantitatively the expression of H‐2 antigens in various tissues: whereas effector cell activity in spleen, bone marrow, or peritoneal cell populations was inhibited by anti H‐2 or anti‐Ia sera, the amount of inhibition observed with anti‐Ia was much less when the tissue expressed little Ia antigen (bone marrow) than when it expressed abundant Ia antigen (spleen). The ability of cytotoxicity inhibition to detect antibody coated cells was used to assess the relative amount of Ia antigen on thymus and on lymph node cells, showing significant amounts of Ia antigen on thymus cells. Fc receptor inhibition studies may thus be useful as new approaches to the study of the expression of the antigens of the major histocompatibility complex.
A RADIOASSAY FOR MACROPHAGES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR TESTING MACROPHAGE MEMBRANE ANTIGENS
Authors: Peña‐Martinez J. , Schirrmacher V. , Garrido F. , Festenstein H.
Published: April 2007

Monolayers of mouse peritoneal macrophages actively incorporated 14C‐labelled uridine, an RNA precursor. This uptake did not seem to be due to in vitro activation or stimulation of the cells but rather to their high RNA metabolic activity. 14C‐uridine uptake by the unstimulated adherent cells was a characteristic property of macrophages, because it was not reduced when the cells were (i) pretreated with trypsin (to detach remaining lymphocytes), (ii) precultured for several days (to allow PMN to die off) and (iii) pretreated with anti‐mouse immunoglobulin or anti‐θ serum plus complement.

Pretreatment of macrophage monolayers with antibody plus complement, followed by a measurement of their 14C‐uridine uptake could be used to test for anti‐macrophage activity, for instance in certain anti‐B cell or anti‐T cell sera, or to detect cell surface antigens on macrophages. With this technique we demonstrated the presence of H‐2 and Ia alloantigens on peritoneal macrophages. The presence of Ia antigens on macrophages may be of particular biological significance.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE HUMAN BLOOD GROUP P SYSTEM
Authors: Watkins Winifred M. , Morgan W. T. J.
Published: April 2007

Haemagglutination inhibition experiments were carried out with anti‐P1, anti‐Pk and anti‐P sera in an attempt to increase understanding of the chemical, genetical and serological relationships within the P system. The test‐substances comprised a glycoprotein with human blood group P1 and Pk activity isolated from sheep hydatid cyst fluid, fragments isolated from the partial acid hydrolysis products of the P1Pk active glycoprotein, glycolipids, monosaccharides and di‐ and oligosaccharides of known structure. The trisaccharide αGal(1→4)βGal(1→4)GlcNAc isolated from the glycoprotein hydrolysis products, and earlier established as the P1 determinant (Cory et al., 1974), was the only low molecular weight compound that gave strong inhibition with human, rabbit and goat anti‐P1 sera. A disaccharide αGal(1→4)Gal, also isolated from the glycoprotein hydrolysis products, failed to react with anti‐P1 reagents but inhibited human anti‐Pk sera as strongly as the trisaccharide. The glycolipid αGal(1→4)βGal(1→4)Glc‐Cer (ceramide trihexoside) and other oligosaccharides containing αGal(1→4)Gal at the non‐reducing terminal were also strong inhibitors of anti‐Pk sera. Oligosaccharides with terminal α‐galactosyl residues joined in other positional linkages gave definite, although less strong, inhibition. The inhibition results suggest a close structural relationship between the P1 and Pk determinants and indicate that the specificity of anti‐Pk sera is less closely delineated than that of anti‐P1. Human anti‐P sera differed markedly from anti‐P1 and anti‐Pk and were not inhibited by any of the compounds containing α‐galactosyl residues. The glycolipid βGalNAc(1→3)αGal(1→4)βGal(1→4)Glc‐Cer (globoside) strongly inhibited the anti‐P sera.

The inhibition of anti‐Pk and anti‐P sera by ceramide trihexoside and globoside, respectively, confirms the observations of Naiki & Marcus (1974) and supports their conclusions that Pk is the precursor of P. The genetic relationship of the P1 antigen to P and Pk is not clear but biosynthetic pathways are discussed that might explain the absence of P1, Pk and P antigens in individuals of the p phenotype.
THE COMPONENT FRAGMENTS OBTAINED BY ACID DISSOCIATION OF PAPAIN‐SOLUBILIZED H‐2 MOLECULES*
Authors: Natori T. , Tanigaki N. , Pressman D. , Henriksen O. , Appella E. , Law L. W.
Published: April 2007

H‐2Kk and H‐2Dd molecules were specifically purified from a radioiodinated H‐2a preparation obtained by papain digestion of spleen cell membranes of A/J strain mice. The molecules were isolated by binding to H‐2 alloantisera of the corresponding private specificity followed by precipitation with rabbit anti‐mouse IgG antiserum. The specifically precipitated radioiodinated H‐2Kk and H‐2Dd molecules were dissociated by acid treatment into large and small components of about 37,000 and 11,000 daltons respectively. These were separated by gel filtration at acid pH or by gel isoelectric focusing in the presence of 6 M urea. Each component separated by gel filtration of the acid‐dissociated H‐2 molecules showed a high degree of size homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Upon gel isoelectric focusing, however, the small components showed two peaks of radioactivity closely located together at pH 7–8, both of which had a restricted pH range, while the large components gave one peak of a relatively wide pH range of pH 5–6. The H‐2Kk and H‐2Dd molecules gave essentially the same pattern in terms of the numbers and the positions of the radioactivity bands. Under the iodination conditions used the large components of H‐2Kk molecules contained more radioactivity than the small components, while the reverse was true in case of H‐2Dd molecules. Such a difference was also found with H‐2Kk and H‐2Dd molecules isolated by use of alloantisera of the respective public specificity. The assay of binding of the isolated components with H‐2 alloantisera of defined specificity revealed that the large components retain most of the allospecificities of the parental H‐2 molecules. No H‐2 allospecificities were found on the small components. The small components showed extensive binding with rabbit antiserum against mouse β2‐microglobin. The same antiserum did not show any binding with the large components. On the other hand, both of the components did bind with rabbit antiserum against papain‐solubilized H‐2 molecules.
IMMUNE RESPONSE GENE (Ir‐SRBC) EXERTS ITS EFFECT VIA MACROPHAGES IN INBRED RATS
Authors: Tada N. , Itakura K. , Aizawa M.
Published: April 2007

In the previous report, strain differences of inbred rats were investigated in the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). A low‐responder strain (Fischer rats) produced only IgM antibody, but other high‐responder strains switched over from IgM to IgG antibody to SRBC. Pretreatment with incomplete Freund's adjuvant made Fischer rats a high‐responder. These results seemed to indicate that there are malfunctions of macrophages, together with T cells, in Fischer rat strain.

In this report, strain differences in the phagocytic activity of macrophages were examined using radiolabelled SRBC. High uptake of SRBC by the spleen in the low responder rats, and vice versa, was confirmed in various experimental conditions. Genetic analyses were made of the specific spleen uptake of the radiolabelled SRBC in backcrossed rats. The result clearly showed that the degree of spleen uptake of the radiolabelled SRBC is genetically determined by a single gene and this property itself has a close negative correlation with the ability of each rat to produce haemolysin against SRBC.

These results strongly suggest that the Ir‐SRBC gene exerts its effect, at least in part, via macrophages.

The relationship between the function of the macrophage and the antibody response is discussed.
A MOUSE PLASMA SUBSTANCE CARRYING β2‐MICROGLOBULIN ACTIVITY AND LACKING IN H‐2 ALLOANTIGENIC ACTIVITY*
Authors: Natori T. , Tanigaki N. , Pressman D.
Published: April 2007

A mouse plasma substance carrying β2‐microglobulin activity and lacking in H‐2 alloantigenic activity was separated from the blood plasma of A/J strain female mice. The plasma substance had a molecular size of about 300,000–400,000 daltons and an electrophoretic mobility of α‐globulin. The plasma substance was split by papain digestion to a fragment of about 50,000–60,000 daltons that still carried β2‐microglobulin activity. The papain‐split plasma substance was devoid of H‐2 alloantigenic activities and Thy‐1 and TL alloantigenic activities as well, but yet had a two‐component structure that was similar to papainsolubilized H‐2 molecules. It contained a 37,000‐dalton component linked non‐covalently to an 11,000‐dalton component, i.e. mouse β2‐microglobulin. This plasma substance appears to be different from Ss protein or Slp protein, both found in mouse serum.
ANTI‐B ACTIVITY OF A LECTIN COEXISTENT WITH BLOOD GROUP H‐LIKE SUBSTANCE IN SEEDS OF EUONYMUS SIEBOLDIANA
Authors: Yamamoto S.
Published: April 2007

Euonymus Sieboldiana seeds possess a lectin for human erythrocytes with anti‐B specificity. Lectin fractions with strong agglutinating activity were separated by ammonium sulphate precipitation from blood group H‐like substance, which is coexistent in the same seeds. The lectin has properties resembling a complete agglutinin, being non‐dialysable, inactivated by heat treatment at 70°C and specific for D‐galactoside.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY IN RUMINANTS THE PRODUCTION AND EVALUATION OF ALLO‐ANTIBODIES FOR GL‐A TYPING IN GOATS
Authors: van Dam R. H. , Werkhoven Cecile Borst‐van , van der Donk J. A. , Goudswaard J.
Published: April 2007

The production of goat lymphocytotoxic allo‐antisera by immunization by lymphocytes or allografting is described. Analysis of typing results of several goat families and the correlation between the lengthening of allograft survival and graft exchange between compatible and incompatible animals, suggest the existence of a major histocompatibility system (GL‐A) in goats.
RB, A DETERMINANT DEFINED BY LYMPHOCYTO‐TOXICITY BEING ASSOCIATED WITH ABO BLOOD GROUPS AND ABH SECRETOR STATUS FURTHER EVIDENCE THAT RB IS NOT PRODUCED BY LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Mayr W. R. , Pausch Vilma
Published: April 2007

In a case of chimaeric male twins which showed red and white cell chimaerism, the latter being demonstrated using polymorphism of autosomes, it could be shown that the determinant RB, being defined by lymphocytotoxicity and associated with ABO blood groups and ABH secretor status, is probably absorbed from the serum on to the lymphocyte surface and not produced by the cells themselves.
SIGNIFICANCE OF SPECIFIC OVARIAN RECEPTORS FOR SYNGENEIC NATURALLY‐OCCURRING HAEMAGGLUTINATING ANTI‐A ANTIBODIES
Authors: Arend P. , Nijssen J.
Published: April 2007

Haemagglutinins which specifically combine with membrane determinants of human blood group A erythrocytes and which are distinguishable from any other haemagglutinin specificities display marked sex dependency in C57BL/10 mice. All the sera of 80‐day‐old C57BL/10 females exert moderate to strong anti‐A haemagglutinin activities which could be detected only in approximately half of the sera of the males of the same age. Investigations of the murine tissues revealed that the production of anti‐A haemagglutinins in females is reflected by simultaneous synthesis of strong endogenous receptors detected in the ovaries and associated with water‐soluble glycolipid fractions. The receptor activity was demonstrated by means of haemagglutination inhibition in comparison with appropriate controls and glycolipid preparations from seventeen other different male and female tissues, and the inhibitory effects exerted by the ovarian glycolipids were statistically significant on the basis of multiple comparisons at the 1% level in each possible pair of effects.
THE LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATING INFLUENCE OF THE HLA‐A REGION
Authors: Bijnen A. B. , Schreuder Ieke , Volkers W. S. , Parlevliet Jannie , Rood J. J. van
Published: April 2007

Six individuals with an established recombination between the HLA‐A and the HLA‐B loci of the major histocompatibility complex have been tested in unilateral mixed lymphocyte cultures with other members of their families. A weak, but statistically significant lymphocyte activating influence of the HLA‐A chromosomal region has been observed.
IMMUNOGENETIC STUDIES ON METH‐A‐VACCINIA TUMOUR CELLS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO*
Authors: Garrido F. , Schmidt W. , Festenstein H.
Published: April 2007

The expression of H‐2 antigenic specificities on Meth‐A and meth‐A‐vaccinia were compared. Their ability to inhibit complement dependent cytotoxicity of 51Cr‐labelled normal lymphoid target cells was tested by anti H‐2 sera of restricted specificity. Normal lymphocytes positive or negative for a particular specificity, were used as controls. With this assay the expression of H‐2‐like specificities of foreign haplotypes on Meth‐A cells passaged together with vaccinia virus was confirmed.

In addition, using an immunofluorescence technique the expression of some foreign H‐2 antigens on non‐infected Meth‐A tumour cells was shown. Anti‐vaccinia virus sera were used to compare the reactivity of Meth‐A and Meth‐A‐vaccinia. Unexpectedly, anti‐vaccinia sera stained non‐infected Meth‐A and other tumour cells of different H‐2 origin and absorption of these sera with normal Meth‐A left little activity behind when testing against Meth‐A‐vaccinia.

Finally, the rǒle that the foreign H‐2 antigenic specificities present in Meth‐A after vaccinia virus infection may have in the growth of these tumour cells in syngeneic recipients was studied. A powerful inhibitory effect was observed and regressor mice were found to be resistant to a challenge of non‐infected meth‐A. In contrast, vaccinia virus was irrelevant to the rate of growth of P815 Y in DBA/2 mice.

These results are discussed in relation to the origin of the foreign H‐2 antigens on tumour cells after virus infection (derepression) and the role that this new antigenicity could have in immunopotentiation.
ANTI‐IgA ANTIBODIES OF LIMITED SPECIFICITY IN HEALTHY IgA DEFICIENT SUBJECTS
Authors: Koistinen J. , Cardenas R. M. , Fudenberg H. H.
Published: April 2007

To investigate the subclass and allotype specificity of anti‐IgA antibody synthesis, serum samples from 156 IgA deficient blood donors were screened for anti‐IgA antibodies by passive haemagglutination using IgA proteins of both subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2) as well as allotypes A2m(1) and A2m(2). Anti‐IgA activity was found in 25% (thirty‐nine). Antibodies were class‐specific in 19% (twenty‐nine) and of limited specificity in 6% (ten) of the samples. One unusual serum had anti‐IgA directed solely against IgA2. Its activity against A2m(2) was inhibited not only by A2m(2) protein but also by A2m(1) and by three IgA1 proteins. The anti‐A2m(1) activity of the same sample was inhibited only by A2m(1) proteins. The specific mechanism of IgA deficiency in this sample is discussed as well as the structural differences of the different allo‐ and subtypes of IgA and their relation to the antigenic properties of IgA. Inhibition studies could be performed with only one sample with anti‐IgA1 antibodies, but no allotypes of IgA1 were found. By haemagglutination inhibition, 15% (twenty‐three) of the samples contained minute amounts of IgA1, but no IgA2. None of the samples had only IgA2 or IgA1 and IgA2. Both findings, anti‐IgA antibodies with limited specificity in IgA deficient subjects and minute amounts of IgA of one subclass only in IgA deficient samples, are conceivable if IgA deficiency is caused by selective lack or defect of a subclass of B lymphocytes specifically synthesizing IgA2.
PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE apoA‐I OF RABBIT HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
Authors: Børresen Anne‐Lise , Kindt T. J.
Published: April 2007

Purfication of apoA‐I from rabbit high density lipoproteins (HDL) gave one single band in sodium dodecylsulphate‐polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis and reacted only with antiserum to apoA‐I. The molecular weight was about 25000. The amino acid composition of rabbit apoA‐I gave a difference index of 7.4 compared to human apoA‐I and of 6.5 compared to dog apoA‐I. Of the three carboxy terminal amino acid residues the rabbit protein has one in common with the dog.

The amino acid sequence of twenty‐nine amino terminal residues showed 62% homology with the human protein; a minimum of thirteen base changes were required in the DNA sequences that encoded these two proteins. When the same sequence was compared with dog apoA‐I, it was found that ten base changes would be sufficient to account for the differences between the proteins.
THE cis AB PHENOTYPE IN THREE GENERATIONS OF ONE FAMILY: SEROLOGICAL, ENZYMATIC AND CYTOGENETIC STUDIES
Authors: Sabo Bernice H. , Bush Miriam , German J. , Carne L. R. , Yates A. D. , Watkins Winifred M.
Published: April 2007

The blood from three individuals belonging to consecutive generations of one family were characterized as cis AB on the basis of (a) the serological behaviour of the B antigen on their red cells, (b) the presence of weak anti‐B in their sera and (c) family studies, which unequivocally demonstrated the genotype AB: O for two of the individuals with atypical AB groups.

The serological behaviour of the A antigen on the red cells was intermediated between that of normal A1 and A2 cell. The B antigen gave weak and variable reactions with naturally occurring antibodies. Treatment of the cis AB red cells with an α‐galactosyltransferase in the serum from an A1B individual rendered them agglutinable by the normal range of anti‐B sera, demonstrating that the red cells do not lack precursors for the formation of normal B‐active structures.

The cis AB sera all contained relatively strong α‐N‐acetylgalactosaminyl‐transferases which had pH optima of 6.0, characteristic of A1 gene‐specified enzymes. The affinity of the enzymes for UDP‐galactose, as measured by the apparent Ki, appeared to be greater than that of the A transferases in normal A1 and A1B sera. The B‐gene transferases in the cis AB sera were very weak and were more readily inhibited by UDP‐N‐acetylgalactosamine than were the α‐galactosyltransferases in normal B and AB sera. Both the A‐ and B‐transferase activities in the cis AB sera are, therefore, in some ways different from the corresponding enzyme activities in the sera of normal A, B or AB donors.

Cytogenetic study of blood lymphocytes from all three individuals showed normal karyotypes. Specifically, the terminal bands of the long arms of the No. 9 chromosomes, to which the ABO:Np‐1: AK‐1 linkage group has been assigned, displayed G bands similar to those in cells from other (normal) individuals examined simultaneously.
HLA ANTIGENS AS POSSIBLE MARKERS OF HETEROGENEITY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Iványi D. , Zemek P. , Iványi P.
Published: April 2007

The distribution of HLA‐A‐, ‐B‐ and ‐C‐locus antigens was tested in 200 male patients with final diagnosis of schizophrenia. A significant increase of HLA‐A28 and HLA‐Cw4 antigens and haplotype A10‐B18 was found. Indications were obtained for the increase of HLA‐Al in hebephrenic patients.

It was presumed that the increase of Cw4 represents the common denominator of the diverse findings on paranoid schizophrenia. The increase of Cw4 indicates that the paranoid schizophrenia disease susceptibility locus is either the C locus itself or another closely linked locus (or loci). This would stress the importance of the HLA ‘central' regions for HLA and disease associations.

A hypothesis is presented which points to the possibility that HLA antigens could be genetic markers of three ethiopathogenetic subgroups of schizophrenia. The possible tests of this hypothesis are also suggested.
α‐N‐ACETYL‐d‐GALACTOSAMIYL‐ AND α‐d‐GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITIES IN SERA OF CIS AB BLOOD GROUP INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Badet J. , Ropar C. , Salmon C.
Published: April 2007

Thirteen cis AB persons from five families were examined for serum glycosyltransferase activities associated with the biosynthesis of A and B blood group characters. Their transferases were generally homogeneous within one family, except for A2/cis AB genotypes, whose A enzyme level was similar to the A2 normal sera, but they varied from one family to another. These activities differed quantitatively and qualitatively from A, B and AB normal sera. Studies of A transferase showed variations in the pH‐dependent curve, the effect of cofactors and the capacity of conversion of O red cells into A‐active cells. Moreover, A and B transferases behaved differently with respect to their relative levels than did AB heterozygous normal sera. The results were discussed and it was suggested that a mutation of a single enzyme transferring both galactose and N‐acetyl‐galactosamine could explain these properties.
EVIDENCE FOR A POSSIBLE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (BLA) IN CATTLE
Authors: Spooner R. L. , Leveziel H. , Grosclaude F. , Oliver R. A. , Vaiman M.
Published: April 2007

Lymphocytotoxic sera have been produced in forty‐seven cattle following skin grafting or lymphocyte immunization between dam‐offspring pairs. From these sera seventy antilymphocyte reagents have been produced. Seven of the sera were operationally monospecific without absorption, thirty‐seven others were made operationally monospecific and twenty‐six partially purified by absorption with lymphocytes. Thirty‐five of these sera were used in France and an additional thirty‐five were used in Scotland.

The inheritance of the antigenic factors detected by these sera has been studied in 480 cattle families and the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that at least seventeen of the factors are inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion. Fourteen of these factors show evidence of linkage with at least one other factor and are likely to be controlled by a limited number of closely linked loci. It is suggested that these loci should be identified as the BLA region.
GENETIC CONTROL OF ANTI‐DNP RESPONSE TO DNP‐BSA GIVEN BY CONTINUOUS INFUSION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Ikeda H. , Takizawa K. , Yamamoto T. , Odaka T.
Published: April 2007

Ten inbred strains of mice were administrated with dinitrophenyl‐bovine serum albumin (DNP‐BSA) at a dose of 30 or 300 μg/day by continuous infusion technique. Anti‐DNP plaque‐forming cells (PFC) in their spleens were assayed 10 to 12 days after the beginning of the infusion. NZB, BALB/c, C3H/He and NC strains were high responders to both doses of DNP‐BSA. KK, SII and TES strains were low responders: the antibody response was low to the dose of 30 μg/day, and high to the dose of 300 μg/day. Breeding tests between high responder BALB/c and intermediate responder DDD mice indicated that the immune response was largely controlled by a gene linked to the H‐2 complex. Similar studies with high responder NZB and low responder TES mice suggested an involvement of a few genes: at least one of the controlling genes may be linked to the H‐2 complex.
MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF T‐LYMPHOMA IMMUNOGLOBULIN
Authors: Moseley Jane M. , Beatty Elizabeth A. , Marchalonis J. J.
Published: April 2007

Structural studies of T‐cell immunoglobulin light chains have been carried out in order to ascertain whether they possess a unique structure or if they resemble standard kappa or lambda isotypes. T‐cell immunoglobulin was isolated from 125I‐labelled culture medium of monoclonal, continuously cultured T‐lymphoma cells, and the purified 125I‐labelled light chains were subjected to either cleavage by cyanogen bromide or digestion with trypsin. These peptides were then resolved and compared with those derived from 125I‐ and 131I‐labelled murine kappa and lambda chains in mixed label experiments, by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate‐containing buffers and ion exchange chromatography. The profiles obtained suggested that T‐lymphoma immunoglobulin light chains are immunoglobulin polypeptides and most closely resemble kappa chains. These results support available antigenic and mRNA hybridization data, which also suggest that T cells bear kappa‐like light chains.
HLA IN POPULATIONS: AN APPROACH FOR GENETICAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CANCER
Authors: Feingold Nicole , Degos L. , Feingold J.
Published: April 2007

The geographical correlations between the incidence of various cancers and the HLA and ABO antigen frequencies are studied. There is, for example, a positive correlation between breast and colorectal carcinoma and AI, B8 and B12 antigens, and a negative one between prostate carcinoma and B12.

The role of the HLA system itself or other genes involved in these associations is discussed. This study gives some evidence of a possible genetic background of susceptibility or resistance to cancer.
GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN THE MITOGENIC RESPONSE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN THE CHICKEN
Authors: Lassila O. , Nurmi T. , Eskola J.
Published: April 2007

The mitogenic responses of chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes were compared in two partially inbred chicken lines and in their hybrids. The lymphocytes of line P chickens showed a higher phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response than those of line V chickens and (P x V)F1hybrids. The Con A responses were of the same magnitude in all chicken lines. The higher PHA response in line P chickens was not sex‐linked, apparently was not associated with the major histocompatibility complex and it did not correlate with immunoglobulin G allotypes.
DISCRIMINATION OF ANTIBODIES TO HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN FROM ANTIBODIES TO INHERITED SERUM PROTEIN VARIANTS IN IMMUNE SERA OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL ORIGIN
Authors: Solaas Marit Hornberg
Published: April 2007

Antisera to hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen, both of human and rabbit origin, have been examined. The anti‐HBsserum derived from a multiply transfused patient did, in addition, contain antibodies directed against the inherited β‐lipoprotein antigen Ag(x), whereas one of the rabbit immune sera also contained antibody to the inherited Lp(a) antigen. Thus, in human, as well as in animal anti‐HBssera, antibodies to inherited normal serum antigens may cause false positive reactions. This problem may be overcome by absorption procedures if appropriate control systems are avialable. False positive reactions caused by the Ag(x) antigen may also be avoided by use of agarose as supporting medium for the test, as Ag(x) precipitin lines do not appear in this medium. An undialysable high molecular weight component may be obtained from Oxoid ‘Ionagar’ by washing. When this added to agarose the Ag(x) antigen reaction appears also in this medium.
DIFFERENCES IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MHC AND NON‐MHC MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTIONS TO SUPPRESSION BY MURINE AMNIONIC FLUID AND ITS COMPONENTS
Authors: Krco C. J. , Johnson Elizabeth , David Chella S. , Tomasi, Jr T. B.
Published: April 2007

The ability of mouse amniotic fluid (MAF), alpha‐foetoprotein (AFP) and MAF depleted of AFP (MAF ‐ AFP) to suppress primary one‐way MLR's was investigated. It was found that MAF, AFP and MAF ‐ AFP were all suppressive of MLR's specific for MHC, K, D or I + S determinants. Suppression was observed when either lymph node or spleen cells were used as the responder cells. Nylon wool column passage of these cells did not significantly affect the immunosuppressive action of these substances. In contrast, MLR's specific for non‐MHC/M‐locus determinants demonstrated either diminished suppression or augmentation of the response, compared with the MHC stimulated MLR's. Our results show a differential effect of whole MAF and its fractions on the proliferative responses induced by various allogeneic stimuli and suggest that suppression is not due to a non‐specific effect on proliferation regardless of the stimulus or cell type involved.
LITTER SIZES IN INBRED STRAINS OF RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)
Authors: Gill T. J. , Kunz H. W. , Hansen C. T.
Published: April 2007

The average litter sizes and reproductive performance of twenty‐five inbred strains of rats, maintained in a conventional colony in Pittsburgh, and twenty‐six inbred strains, maintained in a barrier facility at the National Institutes of Health, were calculated from data collected for periods of 3 and 10 years, respectively. There were considerable variations in both parameters in each of the two colonies studied. In addition, there were quite wide variations in male to female ratios among inbred strains (0.80 to 1.42).
H‐2d‐LIKE SPECIFICITIES ON GARDNER (H‐2k) TUMOUR DETECTED IN A RESTRICTED ANTI‐TUMOUR REACTION
Authors: Matossian‐Rogers A. , Giorgi L. De , Festenstein H.
Published: April 2007

Cytostatis of the H‐2d tumour LSTRA by H‐2‐restricted effector lymphocytes was inhibited by antisera against H‐2.4 and H‐2.31 but not by antisera against public specificities or non‐H‐2 antigens. The unexpected reaction of the same effector cells against Gardner tumour (H‐2k) was also shown to be inhibited by a combination of antisera against H‐2.4 and H‐2.31 but not by each antiserum used separately. The inhibitory capacity of these antisera was removed by absorption with B10.D2 but not with B10 lymphocytes. This indicated the presence of H‐2d‐like specificities on gardner tumour which could function as self‐recognition structures in an H‐2Kd and H‐2Dd restricted system.