bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОНФЛІКТАМИ В ТРУДОВОМУ КОЛЕКТИВІ
Authors: Овчарук О.М.
Published: April 2021

Менеджмент українських підприємств стикається зі значними культурними ризиками і комунікативними бар'єрами. У зв'язку із цим управління конфліктами стає темою підвищеної уваги не тільки в теорії менеджменту, а й у практиці управління у цілому. Метою дослідження є узагальнення теоретико-методологічних положень виникнення та вирішення організаційних конфліктів. У статті зазначено, що умовою виходу з економічної кризи для багатьох підприємств є саме конструктивний підхід до управління конфліктною взаємодією, оскільки в конфлікті від самого початку закладений потенціал для будь-якої організації. Здійснено огляд конкретних причин та базових складників організаційних конфліктів у трудовому колективі. Розглянуто методологію управління процесом конфлікту. Запропоновано профілактичні процедури в рамках організаційного середовища з метою зниження рівня конфліктів в організаціях. У результаті дослідження встановлено, що будь-яка організація може піддаватися різним видам конфліктів залежно від рівня якості корпоративної культури, розмірів організації, особистісних характеристик керівників та членів колективу.
РОЗВИТОК КРАУДФАНДИНГУ ДЛЯ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ МАЛОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Ахновська І.О. , Левченко О.В.
Published: April 2021

Краудфандинг є одним із найбільш популярних джерел фінансування проєктів малого бізнесу, а також таким, що найбільш динамічно розвивається. Вивчення принципів його функціонування та поширення даної інформації підвищують ефективність використання цього інструменту і дають змогу реалізовуватися новим проєктам. Дане дослідження має на меті розроблення рекомендацій щодо підвищення ефективності краудфандингу та його використання. У статті розглянуто теоретичні засади та зроблено порівняльну характеристику джерел фінансування малого бізнесу, розкрито економічну сутність краудфандингу і досліджено принципи та механізм його функціонування. Виконано оцінку світового досвіду фінансування малого бізнесу за допомогою краудфандингу та проаналізовано наявні краудфандингові платформи, здійснено порівняльний аналіз платформ. Значну частину уваги приділено стану розвитку краудфандингу на території Україні. Як підсумок проведеного аналізу та групування ключової інформації розроблено власний краудфандинговий проєкт і сформульовано рекомендації щодо підвищення ефективності крауфандингу.
ОЦІНКА ТА КАЛЬКУЛЮВАННЯ СОБІВАРТОСТІ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ ПОСЛУГ У СОЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ (SMM)
Authors: Грицак О.С.
Published: April 2021

Більшість вебстудій, маркетингових компаній та рекламних агенцій не може забезпечити реальну відповідність грошового вираження SMM-послуг їх дійсній величині і, як наслідок, визначити коректний фінансовий результат, тому у статті актуалізується проблема вивчення та вибору оптимального методу оцінки. У роботі акцентовано увагу на порядку обчислення собівартості послуг із SMM-просування та питанні доцільності використання справедливої вартості таких маркетингових послуг, особливостей її обчислення. Розроблено калькуляційну картку для потреб суб’єктів господарювання, основним видом діяльності (або одним з основних) є маркетинг у соціальних мережах – її використання забезпечить формування достовірної собівартості послуг, віддзеркалить чітке розмежування понесених витрат та покаже розмір стандартних і специфічних ЗВВ, що входять до складу собівартості SMM-послуг.
ОЦІНКА КЛІНІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ АЛЕРГЕНІМУНОТЕРАПІЇ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З АЛЕРГІЧНИМИ ХВОРОБАМИ
Authors: Зубченко Світлана , Гайдучок Ігор , Юр’єв Сергій , Чопяк Валентина
Published: April 2021

Патогенетично обумовленим методом лікування алергічних захворювань є специфічна алергенімуно-терапія (АІТ). Існують різні способи введення алерговакцини: від традиційних – субкутанних (СКІТ), до порівняно нових – сублінгвальних (СЛІТ). Ефективність алергенімунотерапії і безпека для пацієнта є метою багатьох досліджень.Мета. Аналіз клінічної ефективності АІТ з використанням різних способів введення алерговакцини (СЛІТ і СКІТ) у пацієнтів з алергічними хворобами.Матеріали і методи. Групу спостереження склали 165 хворих на різні алергічні хвороби, з них 73 (44,2%) жінок і 92 (55,8%) чоловіків, віком 32,6±2,4 років. Виконували загальні клінічні, лабораторні, інструментальні, специфічні алергологічні, в т.ч. молекулярні дослідження. Для АІТ використовували АЛКСОЇД (суміш полімеризованих екстрактів алергенів), для СЛІТ – спрей сублінгвальний ОРАЛТЕК, виробництва «Inmunotek», Іспанія. Оцінку клінічної ефективності на різних етапах трьохрічного періоду лікування проводили за візуальною аналоговою шкалою (ВАШ).Результати дослідження. Оцінку проводили у трьох групах: 87 (52,7%) осіб (група СЛІТ), 78 (47,3%) осіб (група СКІТ) і 42 пацієнтів з алергічними хворобами (контрольна група). Визначили, що у пацієнтів на АІТ незалежно від способу введення алерговакцини спостерігалось достовірне зниження оцінки за ВАШ верхніх носових, верхніх неносових і нижніх симптомів через 36 місяців терапії порівняно з контрольноюгрупою. Натомість, достовірної різниці оцінки симптомів між групами на СЛІТ і СКІТ на усіх етапах спостереження (р>0,05) не виявлено.Висновок. Проведений трьохрічний курс АІТ вакциною виробництва «Inmunotek», Іспанія, незалежно від способів її введення (сублінгвального чи субкутанного), продемонстрував точність персоніфікованого вибору алерговакцини на підставі молекулярних досліджень і високу клінічну ефективність у пацієнтів з різними типами алергічних хвороб, що підтверджувалось критеріями ВАШ.
Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan PT. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk. dan PT. FKS Multi Agro Tbk Periode Tahun 2017 - 2019 Menggunakan Analisis Du Pont System
Authors: Yulia Iis Anisa
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the comparison of the financial performance of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk and PT. FKS Multi Agro, Tbk for the period 2017-2019. The analytical method used to assess the company's financial performance in this study is the Du Pont System. The type of the research was a descriptive research. This research used secondary data from PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk and PT. FKS Multi Agro, Tbk from 2017-2019 obtained from IDX. Overall, the financial performance of the two emitens generally fluctuates, so it can be said that the company's financial performance is not in good condition. The results showed that the average financial performance of PT. FKS Multi Agro, Tbk has a better financial performance based on the Du Pont System method than PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk.

 

Keywords: Du Pont System, Financial Statements, Financial Performance
2021 National Institute of Justice Forensic Science Research and Development Symposium
Authors: Jones Nicole S. , Fornaro Erica
Published: April 2021

The 2021 National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Forensic Science Research and Development (R&D) Symposium is intended to promote collaboration and enhance knowledge transfer of NIJ-funded research. The NIJ Forensic Science R&D Program funds both basic or applied R&D projects that will (1) increase the body of knowledge to guide and inform forensic science policy and practice or (2) result in the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods that have the potential for forensic application. The intent of this program is to direct the findings of basic scientific research; research and development in broader scientific fields applicable to forensic science; and ongoing forensic science research toward the development of highly discriminating, accurate, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid methods for the identification, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence for criminal justice purposes.
GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE IN THE CONTEXT OF PHILOSOPHIC AND MYTHOLOGICAL CULTURE OF ANTIQUITY
Authors:   State Hrunichev’s Space Scientific and Industry Center, Golovko E.P. , Golovko Yu.V. ,   Non-Government Autonomous Non-Commercial High Education Entity “World’s Civilizations’
Published: April 2021

The article examines the phenomenon of garden and landscape in the culture of antiquity through the prism of mythology and philosophy. Various functions of the garden are analyzed as a factor in the spiritual and intellectual development of civilization. Particular attention is paid to the aesthetic value of the garden and landscape, where green spaces served as a source of clean air, coolness, inexhaustible beauty and inspiration, performed a cognitive function, filled a person's being with aesthetic and ethical emotions. The article shows the attitude to the garden by thinkers and society as a whole - from the period of antiquity, the late European Middle Ages to the present. The garden is seen as one of the tools of introspection, a place that creates conditions for productive thinking. A classification is proposed for a number of important functions that gardens have performed throughout the history of mankind.
PANDEMIC AND LITERATURE: A STUDY ON KAKKANADAN'S VASOORI
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, INDIA, BOBAN RENU ANNA
Published: April 2021

The current pandemic situation has completely altered our lives. In this context, it is imperative to look back at the history of human civilization to see how the ancient faced such situations. Works dealing with the horrors of plague have been written in various regional literature across India, the famous being Rabindranath Tagore’s Puraton Bhritto, Ahmed Ali’s Twilight in Delhi and U.R Anandamoorthy’s Samskara. The article focuses on a Malayalam novel, Vasoori, written by Kakkanadan (1968) which revolves around the lives of common village folk caught in the jaws of smallpox. The novel focuses on the lived in experience of a community forced to face the disease almost every year. It is enlightening to go through the novel in the current Covid-19 pandemic as it concentrates on the first human reaction to pandemics – fear. By using the motif of smallpox, Vasoori pushes the reader to reflect on the ancestral fear of humans to infectious diseases and how it completely shatters the body’s internal perceptions. Thus reading Vasoori in the current pandemic situation is one way of understanding how the human race dealt with a disease for which there seemed no solution in sight.
DIGITAL LEARNING, STUDENTS' MENTAL HEALTH AND ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDIA
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar and UGC Senior Research Fellow,  Department of Education, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Pin Code- 793022, Meghalaya, INDIA, Sarif Md Nawaz , Vandana Dr. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Education, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Pin Code- 793022, Meghalaya, INDIA
Published: April 2021

The infectious COVID-19 has triggered an irremediable global health crisis and has increased the burden of stress, anxiety, and depression, the most categorized mental health problems among the general population. The present study is to understand the current status quo of digital learning in India and aims to suffice students' mental health issues attending online classes. It also intends to examine the role of psychological capital(PsyCap)in mitigating the problems of students' mental health. The present study is a qualitative in which different newspapers and pertinent studies were analyzed using a thematic research design. The findings showed that shifting to online education has gained momentum during the pandemic. Both central and state governments have launched multiple initiatives like Swayam Prabha, e-pathshala, VidyaDaan, SMILE, KITE’s Victers TV channel, and Ghar Se Padhao Abhiyan. However, the study has found different issues of online education inducing mental health problems among students. Further, it was found that the students’ PsyCap has a great potential helping students in coping with variousmental health issues. Herewith, it was convinced that developing PsyCap in students can be proven as a protective factor that helps them engage online actively and helps in reducing their mental health issues.
TRADITIONAL FOLK IDEAS ON GOOD AND EVIL AND THEIR REPRESENTATION IN THE CHUVASH LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW
Authors: Борисова Людмила Валентиновна , Чуева Эльвира Витальевна
Published: April 2021

В статье предпринята попытка выявить национально-культурные особенности репрезентации концептов «добро» и «зло» в чувашской языковой картине мира. В работе применен антропоцентрический подход к анализу языковых явлений. Исследование выполнено на материале, отобранном из лексикографических и фольклорных источников. Моделирование одного из значимых фрагментов чувашской языковой картины мира производится на основе положений когнитивно-дискурсивного подхода к анализу языка, выдвинутых Е. С. Кубряковой. В работе использованы метод концептуального анализа, дистрибутивный анализ, метод компонентного анализа, а также оппозитивный анализ. Исследование показало, что когнитивные категории добра и зла в традиционном народном сознании функционируют как базовые элементы культурного кода нации. Они характеризуются оппозитивными семантическими отношениями, но при этом образуют единую смысловую парадигму. Эти когнитивные категории получают репрезентацию в языке и дискурсе. Исследование позволило выявить пять основных способов языковой и дискурсивной репрезентации дихотомии «добро - зло» через семантические ряды с выражаемыми обобщенными значениями. Дискурсивная репрезентация добра и зла как важных когнитивных категорий в паремиологическом фонде носит исторический характер и может в определенной степени не соответствовать современным представлениям об этих понятиях. Постулирована возможность расширения когнитивного пространства добра и зла в чувашской языковой картине мира.

The article attempts to identify the features of national culture in the representation of the concepts of “good” and “evil” in the Chuvash linguistic worldview. The study employed an anthropocentric approach to the analysis of the linguistic phenomena and is based on the material selected from lexicographic and folklore sources. Modeling of one of the most significant fragments of the Chuvash linguistic worldview is based on the provisions of the cognitive approach to language analysis put forward by E. Kubryakova. The authors used the method of conceptual analysis, distributive analysis, component analysis, and opposition analysis. The study showed that the cognitive categories of good and evil in the traditional folk ideas function as basic elements of the cultural code of the nation. They are characterized by oppositional semantic relations, but they form a single semantic paradigm. The study revealed five main ways of linguistic and discursive representation of the conceptual opposition “good - evil” through semantic series with expressed generalized meanings. The discursive representation of good and evil as important cognitive categories in the Chuvash folklore is historical in nature and may to some extent not correspond to modern ideas about these concepts. The paper states the possibility of expanding the cognitive space of good and evil in the Chuvash linguistic worldview.
INTERROGATIVE CONSTRUCTION AS A SYNTACTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSIVENESS IN AN ONLINE NEWSPAPER HEADLINE (ON THE MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN, CHUVASH AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES)
Authors: Гаврилов Артем Дмитриевич
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена сопоставительному анализу экспрессивных вопросительных конструкций в позиции сетевого газетного заголовка на русском, чувашском и английском языках. На примере заголовков сетевых версий качественных изданий «Ведомости» и «Известия» (на русском языке), «Хыпар» (на чувашском языке), «The Times» и «The Guardian» (на английском языке) автор выявил лежащие в их основе шесть ключевых синтаксических моделей экспрессивных вопросительных конструкций: с вопросительным словом и без вопросительного знака; с вопросительным словом и вопросительным знаком; с двоеточием; в виде вопросно-ответной формы; с разделительным союзом «или»; с частицей «ли». Описаны особенности каждой синтаксической модели, и дана их характеристика в прагматическом аспекте. Актуальность работы обусловлена особым положением газетного заголовка в Интернете и его способностью управлять вниманием читателей, вызывать у них определенные эмоции и влиять на их отношение к различным событиям. Автор приходит к выводу, что вопросительные конструкции являются эффективным средством усиления выразительности высказывания в сетевом газетном заголовке на разных языках. Он подчеркивает, что в современных условиях активной сетевой коммуникации сопоставительные исследования экспрессивных возможностей разносистемных языков обретают не только лингвистическую, но и общесоциальную значимость.

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of expressive interrogative constructions in the position of the online newspaper headline in Russian, Chuvash and English. Using the examples of the headlines of the online versions of the broadsheets Vedomosti and Izvestia (in Russian), Khypar (in Chuvash), The Times and The Guardian (in English), the author identified six key syntactic models of expressive interrogative constructions: with a question word and without a question mark; with a question word and a question mark; with a colon; in the form of a question-and-answer form; with the disjunctive conjunction or; with the conjunction whether. The features of each syntactic model are described and their characteristics are given in the pragmatic aspect. The relevance of the work is conditioned by the special position of the newspaper headline on the Internet and its ability to control readers’ attention, make them feel certain emotions and to have an influence on their attitude to various events. The author comes to the conclusion that interrogative constructions are effective means of increasing the expressiveness of an utterance in the online newspaper headline in different languages. The author emphasizes that in the modern conditions of active network communication, the comparative studies of the expressive potential of different-structured languages do not only acquire linguistic, but also general social significance.
UTTERANCE NOMINALIZATION PECULIARITIES BY MEANS OF PERSON NAMES IN THE ENGLISH AND TATAR LANGUAGES
Authors: Ибрагимова Эльмира Рафаилевна
Published: April 2021

В данной статье анализируются высказывания из национальных лингвистических корпусов татарского и английского языков с точки зрения возможности их номинализации посредством наименований лица, включенных в состав данных высказываний. Рассмотрены как традиционно выделяемые типы номинализации - события, факта, пропозиции, так и номинализация посредством наименования лица как периферийный тип. Установлено, что как английское, так и татарское номинативное предложение не выполняет по отношению к называемому одушевленному лицу функции субституции и конкретное наименование лица, выражая признак, обладает лишь предикативной референцией. Выявлены сходства и различия в функционировании наименований лица как средства номинализации в английских и татарских высказываниях. Сделаны выводы о том, что в английском языке автономное функционирование наименования лица как отдельного предложения возможно только в разговорной речи. В стилистически нейтральных высказываниях английского языка всегда имеет место глагол. В татарском языке оценка может выражаться как наименованием лица, так и прилагательным. В обоих языках достаточно частотными являются наименования лица, образованные от имен прилагательных путем инверсии. И в английском, и в татарском языках исследуемые примеры довольно часто содержат сопровождающее местоимение второго лица.

This article analyzes the statements from the national linguistic corpus of the Tatar and English languages from the point of view of their nominalization potential by means of the person names in these above-mentioned statements. The author considered both the traditionally distinguished types of nominalization (events, facts, propositions) and nominalization by the person name as a peripheral type. It has been established that both the English and Tatar nominative sentences do not fulfill the function of substitution in relation to the named animate person, and the specific person name expressing the feature has only a predicative reference. The similarities and differences in the functioning of the person names as the means of nominalization in English and Tatar expressions have been revealed. The author concluded that in English the autonomous functioning of the person name as a separate sentence is possible only in colloquial speech. In stylistically neutral expressions of the English language, a verb always occurs. In the Tatar language, the assessment can be expressed both by the person name and by the adjective. In both languages, the person names formed from adjectives by means of inversion are quite frequent. In both the English and Tatar languages, the studied examples quite often contain an accompanying second person pronoun
ANALYSIS OF THE CHUVASH ATHLETES’ PERFORMANCES AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES FROM 1952 TO 2016
Authors: Пьянзин Андрей Иванович , Пьянзина Надежда Николаевна
Published: April 2021

На сегодняшний день имеет место противоречие между большим объемом эмпирического и статистического материала по достижениям чувашских спортсменов в крупнейших международных соревнованиях и недостаточно глубоким их анализом, лежащим в основе выявления закономерностей и перспектив развития спорта в республике. Целью исследования является выявление динамики и закономерностей участия спортсменов Чувашской Республики в составе сборной команды страны на Олимпийских играх 1952-2016 гг. Методы исследования: теоретический анализ исторической и справочной литературы по теме исследования, анализ документальных материалов, методы математической статистики. В советский период наибольшее число участников Олимпийских игр среди спортсменов Чувашской Республики (по 4 человека) приходится на игры 1972 и 1976 гг. Самыми успешными можно признать выступления спортсменов Чувашской Республики на Олимпийских играх 1968, 1976 и 1980 гг. Наиболее высокое среднее место приходится на бокс, фехтование, командную велогонку, борьбу классическую. В постсоветский период представительство спортсменов Чувашской Республики в составе Олимпийской сборной России заметно увеличилось и составило по 10 человек на играх в 2000 и 2004 гг., 9 человек на играх в 2008 г. Можно выделить 20-летний период успешного выступления спортсменов Чувашской Республики на Олимпийских играх - с 1992 по 2012 гг. Наиболее высокое среднее место приходится на спортивную гимнастику, бег 3000 м с препятствиями.

Today, there is a contradiction between a large volume of empirical and statistical material on the achievements of athletes of the Chuvash Republic in major international competitions and insufficient analysis, which is the basis for identifying the regularities and prospects for the development of sports in the republic. The aim of the study is to identify the dynamics and patterns of participation of athletes of the Chuvash Republic in the national team at the Olympic Games of 1952-2016. The research methods are theoretical analysis of historical and reference literature on the research topic, analysis of documentary materials, methods of mathematical statistics. In the Soviet period, the largest number of participants in the Olympic Games among athletes of the Chuvash Republic (4 people) was in the 1972 and 1976 Games. The performances of the Chuvash athletes at the Olympic Games of 1968, 1976 and 1980 can be considered the most successful. The most striking results were achieved in boxing, fencing, team cycling, and Greco-Roman wrestling. In the post-Soviet period, the representation of athletes of the Chuvash Republic in the Russian Olympic team has noticeably increased and amounted to 10 people at the games in 2000 and 2004, 9 people - at the games in 2008. A 20-year period from 1992 to 2012 can be considered most successful. The greatest results were achieved in gymnastics and steeplechase.
MODEL OF PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTION OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN FORMATION OF PATRIOTIC CULTURE AT STUDENTS
Authors: Тимофеев Андрей Александрович
Published: April 2021

Личностные характеристики и нравственные ориентиры подрастающего поколения определяются сложившимися и принятыми социумом моральными нормами и приоритетами. Ведущие ориентиры поведения и жизнедеятельности как система ценностей обусловливают поведение человека и его поступки, формируясь с детского возраста на основе духовного и социально ориентированного воспитания. Особое место в системе ценностей отводится патриотизму - категории нравственного контура, которая оказывает существенное влияние на личность и распространяется на все население страны в контексте социально-экономической жизнедеятельности и безопасности. Поиск новых форм и ресурсов патриотического воспитания, способных привлечь молодежь к социально активной созидательной деятельности, определяет тему исследования. Авторская структурно-функциональная модель представлена через описание совокупности блоков (нормативно-целевого, теоретико-методологического, содержательного, организационно-технологического и диагностическо-результативного), последовательно раскрывающих процесс педагогического взаимодействия социальных институтов в формировании патриотической культуры учащейся молодежи. Статья предназначена для сотрудников сферы общего и дополнительного образования, работников общественных организаций, профильных ведомств, занимающихся вопросами патриотического воспитания молодежи.

Personal qualities and moral guide of younger generation are conditioned by accepted moral standards. The key guidelines of behavior and living as a system of values determine the behavior of a person since childhood basing on spiritual and society-oriented education. Patriotism is given a special place in the system of values. It has a significant influence on the individual and extends to the entire population of the country in the context of socio-economic life and security. The search for new forms and resources of patriotic education that can attract young people to socially active creative activities determines the topic of the study. The author’s structural-functional model is presented through a description of a set of blocks (normative-target, theoretical-methodological, substantive, organizational-technological and diagnostic-effective), which consistently reveals the process of pedagogical interaction of social institutions in the formation of patriotic culture at young students. The article is intended for specialists of general and additional education, employees of public organizations, specialized departments dealing with issues of patriotic education of youth.
Safe Prescription for Junior Doctors in Accordance with All Wales Prescribing Standards
Authors: Naz Mavra , Khan Adil Umer , Aslam Muhammad Usama , Ameer Muhammad Kamran , Mehboob Faiza
Published: April 2021

Background: Prescribing errors are quite common and according to one estimate out of 100 patients admitted into UK hospitals 15 will have some form of prescribing error in their records. It is a general understanding that most of the time these errors are made due to lack of awareness. Severity of these errors can range from minor to major mistakes that can lead to fatal results.
Materials and Methods: A simplified anonymous approach of identifying these errors and then using a step wise approach to educate the prescribers’ especially junior doctors can be quite fruitful in reducing these errors. Unfortunately there are not many studies or projects available to back our proposal however these seems a logical way forward and is exactly what we have shown in our study.
Results: We performed a prospective snapshot study involving 100 inpatients to get baseline measurements. The errors and mistakes were identified and fed back to the junior doctors in an anonymous manner. Clear & legible writing, frequency of use, responsible consultant name, allergy box filled, VTE assessment, oxygen prescribing and labeling of medication discontinuation were the most common negligence identified. At the same time junior doctors were reminded of local prescription standards and guidelines which usually don’t form part of induction.
Conclusion: Multiple deficient areas were identified during this audit like legible writing, dosage frequency, VTE prophylaxis and oxygen prescription. It was highlighted to junior doctors how important are these components as they play a key role in patient getting better after medical review. Above mentioned steps did improve prescription errors to an extent, but aim should be to achieve 100% results.  Repeated reminders are important in this case as that helps to improve practice and avoid clinical accidents.
Health Disparities and Access to Healthcare in Rural vs. Urban Areas
Authors: Reilly Megan
Published: April 2021

Individuals and families in rural areas face disparities in health as well as access to healthcare. Research has found that when compared to urban communities, rural areas have worse health outcomes including challenges with mental health, substance abuse, physical health, and sexual health. Relevant findings have also shown that in order to understand these challenges it is important to discuss access, including the different factors involved: availability, affordability, and acceptability. Along with defining access, there are several theories and frameworks that additionally help explain healthcare access in rural areas. Although availability, affordability, and acceptability are important variables when it comes to access, there are also several barriers that must be considered, including poverty, occupation, education, insurance, and lack of competence. Once all of these aspects are addressed, different strategies can be more easily implemented in order to improve health and access to care in rural areas. These different disparities in heath and access to care can be seen throughout the North Country, and can be helpful in understanding the larger pattern of health in rural and urban areas.
MODEL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCE IN SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Занковский А. Н. , Латынов В. В.
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена изложению предложенной авторами модели психологического воздействия в социальных сетях. Основанием модели послужили теоретические подходы, направленные на понимание особенностей реагирования отдельного человека, столкнувшегося с потоком информации в социальных сетях, а также концепции, ориентированные на анализ роли социальной идентичности человека и его социального окружения в процессах воздействия. Описаны элементы модели: субъект воздействия, объект воздействия, средства, эффекты и контекст воздействия. Охарактеризованы четыре группы факторов эффективности психологического воздействия в социальных сетях: характеристики субъекта воздействия, особенности средств и контекста воздействия, характеристики объекта воздействия.

The article is devoted to the presentation of the model of psychological influence on social media proposed by the authors. The model is based on theoretical approaches aimed at understanding the characteristics of the individual's response to the flow of information in social networks, as well as concepts focused on analyzing the role of a person's social identity and social environment in the impact processes. The elements of the model are described: subject of influence, object of influence, means, effects and context of influence. Four groups of factors of the effectiveness of psychological influence in social media are characterized: characteristics of the subject of influence, features of the means of influence and context of influence, characteristics of the object of influence.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF LIFE AND VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURS AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THEIR ECONOMIC SELF-DETERMINATION
Authors: Позняков В.П.
Published: April 2021

Представлены результаты теоретико-эмпирического исследования взаимосвязей смысложизненных и ценностных ориентаций личности предпринимателей и показателей их экономического самоопределения. Результаты корреляционного анализа показали наличие множественных статистически значимых связей смысложизненных ориентаций предпринимателей с показателями их экономического самоопределения. Наибольшее число обнаружили шкалы «Процесс жизни или интерес и эмоциональная насыщенность жизни» и «Локус контроля - жизнь или управляемость жизни». Высокая значимость ценностей, объединенных Ш. Шварцем в блоки «открытость изменениям» (самостоятельность и стимуляция) и «самовозвышение» (власть и достижения), в сочетании с высокой значимостью ценности «гедонизм», которая, по Шварцу, составляет отдельный блок и включает элементы как открытости изменениям, так и самовозвышения, которые положительно коррелируют с показателями экономического самоопределения, характеризующимися позитивными оценками своей деловой активности и динамики ее изменения, отношения к конкуренции и риску, собственных возможностей в повышении успешности своего бизнеса и успешности своей предпринимательской деятельности. Результаты исследования подтверждают правомерность рассмотрения смысложизненных и ценностных ориентаций личности в качестве факторов самоопределения предпринимателей.

The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the interrelationships of the meaning-life and value orientations of the individual entrepreneurs and the indicators of their economic self-determination. The results of the correlation analysis showed the presence of multiple statistically significant relationships between the meaning-of-life orientations of entrepreneurs and indicators of their economic self-determination. The scales "Life process or interest and emotional saturation of life" and "Locus of control - life or manageability of life" found the greatest number of correlations with indicators of economic self-determination. The high importance values, the United Schwartz block "openness to change" (self-direction and stimulation) and "self-exaltation (power and achievement) combined with high significance values "hedonism", which, according to Schwartz, is a separate unit, and includes elements of both openness to change and self-exaltation, is positively correlated with indicators of economic self-determination, characterized by positive assessments of their business activity and the dynamics of its changes, the relationship of competition and risk, their own opportunities to increase the success of their business and the success of their business activities. The results of the study confirm the validity of considering the meaning of life and value orientations of the individual as factors of self-determination of entrepreneurs.
К ЮБИЛЕЮ НАДЕЖДЫ НИКОЛАЕВНЫ ХАЩЕНКО - НАУЧНОГО СОТРУДИКА ЛАБОРАТОРИИ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ ИП РАН
Authors: Журавлев А.Л. , Нестик Т.А. , Воробьева А.Е. , Гагарина М.А. , Дробышева Т.В. , Емельянова Т.П. , Тихомирова С.В. , Тугарёва Е.В. , Журавлева Е.В. , Грачев А.А. , Лебедев А.Н. , Китова Д.А. , Ковалева Ю.В. , Позняков В.П. , Соснин В.А. , Сухарев А.В.
Published: April 2021

17 февраля 2021 г. исполнилось 60 лет нашей замечательной коллеге - научному сотруднику Лаборатории социальной и экономической психологии Института психологии РАН, доценту кафедры социальной психологии ГАУГН, Надежде Николаевне Хащенко!
Treatment Modification after Second-Line Failure among People Living with HIV in Asia-Pacific
Authors: Jiamsakul Awachana , Azwa Iskandar , Zhang Fujie , Yunihastuti Evy , Ditangco Rossana , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Ng Oon Tek , Chan Yu-Jiun , Ly Penh Sun , Choi Jun Yong , Lee Man-Po , Pujari Sanjay , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Chaiwarith Romanee , Merati Tuti Parwati , Sangle Shashikala , Khusuwan Suwimon , Sim Benedict LH , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Do Cuong Duy , Tanuma Junko , Ross Jeremy , Law Matthew ,   the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database of IeDEA Asia-Pacific
Published: April 2021

Background

The World Health Organization recommends continuation with the failing second-line regimen if third-line option is not available. We investigated treatment outcomes among people living with HIV in Asia who continued with failing second-line regimens compared with those who had treatment modifications after failure.

Methods

Treatment modification was defined as a change of two antiretrovirals, a drug class change or treatment interruption (TI), all for >14 days. We assessed factors associated with CD4 changes and undetectable viral load (UVL <1,000 copies/ml) at 1 year after second-line failure using linear and logistic regression, respectively. Survival time was analysed using competing risk regression.

Results

Of the 328 patients who failed second-line ART in our cohorts, 208 (63%) had a subsequent treatment modification. Compared with those who continued the failing regimen, the average CD4 cell increase was higher in patients who had a modification without TI (difference =77.5, 95% CI 35.3, 119.7) while no difference was observed among those with TI (difference =-5.3, 95% CI -67.3, 56.8). Compared with those who continued the failing regimen, the odds of achieving UVL was lower in patients with TI (OR=0.18, 95% CI 0.06, 0.60) and similar among those who had a modification without TI (OR=1.97, 95% CI 0.95, 4.10), with proportions of UVL 60%, 22% and 75%, respectively. Survival time was not affected by treatment modifications.

Conclusions

CD4 cell improvements were observed in those who had treatment modification without TI compared with those on the failing regimen. When no other options are available, maintaining the same failing ART combination provided better VL control than interrupting treatment.
A checklist of vascular plants of Ewe-Adakplame Relic Forest in Benin, West Africa
Authors: Houngnon Alfred , Adomou Aristide C. , Gosling William D. , Adeonipekun Peter A.
Published: April 2021

Covering 560.14 hectares in the south-east of Benin, the Ewe-Adakplame Relic Forest (EARF) is a micro-refugium that shows insular characteristics within the Dahomey Gap. It is probably one of the last remnants of tropical rain forest that would have survived the late Holocene dry period. Based on intensive field investigations through 25 plots (10 × 50 m size) and matching of herbarium specimens, a checklist of 185 species of vascular plant belonging to 54 families and 142 genera is presented for this forest. In addition to the name for each taxon, we described the life form following Raunkiaer’s definitions, chorology as well as threats to habitat. The Rubiaceae family was the richest (20 species) followed by the Fabaceae (15 species). Life forms showed the preponderance of phanerophytes (88%). The Chorological spectrum was dominated by Guineo-Congolean species (66%). Species richness estimated were 200.52 ± 9.2808 for Bootstrap; 217.62 ± 14.5972; 224.16 ± 15.3725 and 242.67 respectively for Chao, Jacknife1 and Jacknife2. Bootstrap appears to be the estimation closer to the field records. In Benin, EARF is home for Rinorea species described as West African forest bio-indicators and single location for Nesogordonia papaverifera, Mansonia altissima, Englerophytum oblanceolatum, Octolobus spectabilis, Vitex micrantha and most of Drypeteae tribe species (Drypetes aframensis, Drypetes afzelii, Drypetes gilgiana and Drypetes leonensis) recorded in Benin. Our results provides baseline information for further in-depth analysis of vegetation history in Benin by raising the question on the past floristic connection of the Dahomey gap and community engagement in conservation.
A new synonym of Polygonatum in China, based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: Xia Maoqin , Liu Ying , Liu Jingjing , Chen Donghong , Shi Yan , Bai Zhicong , Xiao Yu , Peng Chen , Si Jinping , Li Pan , Qiu Yingxiong
Published: April 2021

Polygonatum kingianum Collett et Hemsl. var. grandifolium D.M. Liu & W.Z. Zeng (1981), which sprouts twice a year, once in spring and once in autumn, differs from Polygonatum kingianum in leaves, bracts, perianth and filaments. Morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny indicate that it is identical to the newly-published Polygonatum hunanense H.H. Liu & B.Z. Wang (2021). Hence, we propose that P. kingianum var. grandifolium should be recognised as a new synonym of P. hunanense. In addition, phylogenetic analyses confirmed that P. hunanense is sister to Polygonatum sect. Polygonatum, rather than P. kingianum of Polygonatum sect. Verticillata.
Stygobromus bakeri, a new species of groundwater amphipod (Amphipoda, Crangonyctidae) associated with the Trinity and Edwards aquifers of central Texas, USA
Authors: Gibson Randy , Hutchins Benjamin T. , Krejca Jean K. , Diaz Peter H. , Sprouse Peter S.
Published: April 2021

A new stygobitic groundwater amphipod species, Stygobromus bakerisp. nov., is described from 4 central Texas limestone karst springs; John Knox Spring (Comal County), Jacob’s Well (Hays County), Mormon Spring (Travis County) and Salado Springs (Bell County). This species belongs to the predominately western Nearctic hubbsi species group of Stygobromus and differs from other species in the group by gnathopod 1 with row of 4 to 5 setae posterior to the defining angle, pereopods 6 and 7 with broadly expanded bases and distinct distoposterior lobes, gnathopods 1 and 2 with 2 rows of 3 singly inserted setae on the inner palm, and uropod 3 with single, slightly distal peduncular seta. Habitat, sympatric groundwater species, and conservation issues are discussed.
Molecular structure and spectra of danthron and emodin studied by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and DFT techniques
Authors: Barik Bijay Kumar , Mallya H Madhukar , Sinha Rajeev K. , Chidangil Santhosh
Published: April 2021

In this work, experimental and theoretical studies on danthron and emodin are presented. Experimentally, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and UV–Vis spectra of danthron and emodin were recorded. The structure and vibrational frequencies of the molecules were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional using the triple zeta (TZVP) basis set. Among various possible structures of danthron and emodin, it was found that the most stable structures involve intramolecular hydrogen bonds between two OH and C=O groups. The theoretical IR spectra of the most stable conformations of danthron and emodin correlate well with their experimental FTIR. Detailed vibrational frequency analysis was done for all the vibrational modes obtained and were assigned to the ring vibrations along with the stretching and bending of specific bond vibrations. The bands obtained from the experimental FTIR and Raman spectra of both the molecules correlate well with their theoretical data.
Measurement of two-photon absorption by gold nanoparticles of different sizes photodeposited onto the core of an optical fibre
Authors: Cuvas-Limón Jesús Manuel , Ortega-Mendoza José Gabriel , Padilla-Martínez Juan Pablo , Zaca-Morán Plácido
Published: April 2021

In this work, the study of two-photon absorption by gold nanoparticles of different diameters photodeposited onto the core of a single-mode optical fibre is presented. The photodeposition of nanoparticles with diameters of 10, 20, 50 and 100 nm was achieved using a continuous wave laser at a wavelength of 1550 nm and a power of 50 mW. Nonlinear optical characterization was carried out by using the P-scan technique of a high gain erbium doped fibre amplifier with pulses of 20 ns at a frequency of 10 kHz, that provides a maximum intensity of approximately 60 MW/cm2. The results show that for gold nanoparticles greater than 20 nm photodeposited onto the fibre, in both cases, the nonlinear coefficient as well as the third-order susceptibility increase as the diameter of the nanoparticles increases, describing a typical behaviour of the two-photon absorption. The obtained results can be used for the design of filters and optical limiters in the communications area.
Cyber-Culture, Cyber-Art, and Mnemonic Energy
Authors: Atay Simber
Published: April 2021

The word cybernetics has a very rich etymology. On the other hand, Norbert Wiener's Cybernetics and Society (1950) has very fluid style with its literary intertextual texture. Cyber prefix defines many aspects of life. Today, cyber-culture has gained new meanings due to virtual art activities during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Cybernetics has shown its impact on artistic creativity with two exhibitions, Cybernetic Serendipity (1968, London) and Software (1970, New York), which featured early examples of digital-art, cyber-art, and new media performances. Cyber-art is a very broad category. There are countless cyber-artists. In the institutional context, Can't Help Myself of Sun Yuan and Peng Yu (2016), Memory of Topography of teamLab (2018), and The City As A House of Rebecca Merlic (2020) are three valuable works. This subject was developed under the light of the ideas of Benjamin, Wiener, Deleuze, and Guattari, and the specified examples were analyzed with the descriptive method.
Hydrogen-Energy Vector Within a Sustainable Energy System for Stationary Applications
Authors: Badea Gheorghe , Felseghi Raluca-Andreea , Așchilean Ioan
Published: April 2021

Today, hydrogen is recognized as a non-polluting energy carrier because it does not contribute to global warming if it is produced from renewable energy resources. Hydrogen is the only secondary energy carrier that is suitable for wide application. At the center of attention is the fact that hydrogen can be obtained from a wide range of primary energies. It can be used advantageously for a wide range of applications. Hydrogen can be used in decentralized systems without emitting CO2. Hydrogen is already a part of today's chemical industry, but as an energy resource, its rare benefits can only be achieved through fuel cell technology. The next generations of energy systems for stationary applications based on hydrogen fuel cell have the potential of using and implementing clean energy in the residential buildings sector, as well as in the tertiary and industrial sector, thus having a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions decreasing, specific characteristics of hydrogen technology having an important role in the decarbonization of energy production systems.
Considerations Regarding the Use of Fuel Cells in Combined Heat and Power for Stationary Applications
Authors: Bolboaca Andrei Mircea
Published: April 2021

Covering the energy demands under environmental protection and satisfying economic and social restrictions, together with decreasing polluting emissions, are impetuous necessities, considering that over half of the pollutant emissions released in the environment are the effect of the processes of electricity and heat production from the classic thermoelectric powerplant. Increasing energy efficiency and intensifying the use of alternative resources are key objectives of global policy. In this context, a range of new energy technologies has been developed, based on alternative energy conversion systems, which have recently been used more and more often for the simultaneous production of electricity and heat. An intensification of the use of combined energy production correlated with the tendency towards the use of clean energy resources can be helpful in achieving the global objectives of increasing fuel diversity and ensuring energy demand. The chapter aims at describing the fuel cell technology, in particular those of the SOFC type, used in the CHP for stationary applications.
Classroom Equity and the Role of a Teacher Leader
Authors: Dove Kimberly G.
Published: April 2021

Classrooms are filled with students from multiple backgrounds. Teachers see students of different races, genders, and socioeconomic statuses. Providing the best education for these students is a necessity to produce productive members of society. To do so, teachers must work toward classroom equity. The research collected in this chapter can help teachers move toward an equitable classroom environment. There are many factors that need to be considered in creating equity. Once these factors are contemplated, the ability to change can be easily instituted. Teacher leaders have the potential to initiate change, but there are circumstances within the school that can hinder or support this change. Once schools meet the necessary criteria to create change, the role of teacher leaders is imperative in making equitable classrooms a reality.