bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Fair Is My Test?
Authors: Dumas Denis , Dong Yixiao , McNeish Daniel
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The degree to which test scores can support justified and fair decisions about demographically diverse participants has been an important aspect of educational and psychological testing for millennia. In the last 30 years, this aspect of measurement has come to be known as consequential validity, and it has sparked scholarly debate as to how responsible psychometricians should be for the fairness of the tests they create and how the field might be able to quantify that fairness and communicate it to applied researchers and other stakeholders of testing programs. Here, we formulate a relatively simple-to-calculate ratio coefficient that is meant to capture how well the scores from a given test can predict a criterion free from the undue influence of student demographics. We posit three example calculations of this Consequential Validity Ratio (CVR): one where the CVR is quite strong, another where the CVR is more moderate, and a third where the CVR is weak. We provide preliminary suggestions for interpreting the CVR and discuss its utility in instances where new tests are being developed, tests are being adapted to a new population, or the fairness of an established test has become an empirical question.
Early Predictors of Alpha and Beta Personality Factors in Adulthood
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Cheng Helen
Published: August 2022

Abstract. This study examined the predictors of two higher factors of personality (Alpha and Beta) using a large nationally representative sample. In total, we had 5,476 participants data on family social status measured at birth, childhood intelligence ability assessed at age 11 years, behavioral problems and leisure activities (sports and parties) at age 16 years, psychological distress at age 23 years, optimism and educational qualifications at age 33 years, occupational prestige at age 42 years, and Big Five personality measured at age 50 years. We combined Big Five scores into Alpha and Beta factors. Correlational analysis showed that childhood intelligence, teenager behavioral problems and leisure activities, psychological distress, optimism, educational qualifications, and occupational prestige were all significant correlates of the Alpha and Beta factors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that childhood intelligence, teenage behavioral problems, education and occupation as well as optimism were the direct predictors of the latent Alpha factor; and that childhood intelligence, education and occupation, psychological distress, and optimism were the direct predictors of the latent Beta factor. Gender was significantly associated with both Alpha and Beta factors. Implications and limitations are acknowledged.
Formation of Continental Crust by Diapiric Melting of Recycled Crustal Materials in the Mantle Wedge
Authors: Li Shi‐Min , Wang Qing , Zhu Di‐Cheng , Cawood Peter A. , Stern Robert J. , Zhao Zhidan
Published: August 2022

The compositional similarity between high‐Mg andesite‐dacite from accretionary orogens and bulk continental crust (CC) provides an opportunity to unravel the CC formation paradox. Compositional data from a global compilation of Quaternary magmatic arcs indicate the presence of low‐Mg series (LMS) and high‐Mg series (HMS). The LMS show trends of crystal fractionation and can be subdivided into high Ba/Th and high La/Sm groups, which likely originate from fluid‐ and sediment melt‐modified mantle wedge, respectively. In contrast, the HMS have variably mixed compositions (e.g., high Mg#, Ba/Th, and La/Sm) and can be explained by partial melting of mélange diapirs rising into the mantle wedge, which are mixtures of subducted sediment, eroded arc crust or CC, buoyant oceanic crust, and peridotite. We, therefore, propose a two‐step process for creating CC involving extraction of LMS from the mantle followed by re‐melting of recycled LMS in the mantle to generate HMS and thus CC.
Alcoves as Havens From a Harsh Martian Environment
Authors: De Hon R. A.
Published: August 2022

Future missions to Mars will undoubtedly be directed toward sedimentary terrains in search for evidence of past life and geologic history. Astronauts will need to find shelter from harsh surface conditions. Natural underground voids provide a readily adaptable habitat for crews to shelter from radiation. Naturally formed caves would be desirable habitat sites, but thick deposits of limestone or other soluble rocks in which karst topography would form have not been identified by current observations. Alcoves, arched recess in steep escarpments, should be widely distributed across the planet and provide an adaptable shelter for astronauts operating on the surface of Mars. Alcoves provide a more stable thermal environment, a reduced radiation environment, shielding from macro‐ and micro‐meteorite impacts, and protection from atmospheric disturbances.
Compound Wind and Precipitation Extremes in Global Coastal Regions Under Climate Change
Authors: Yaddanapudi Ramprasad , Mishra Ashok , Huang Whitney , Chowdhary Hemant
Published: August 2022

Compound wind and precipitation (CWP) extreme events can cause a significant increase in socio‐economic loss in coastal regions. This study investigated the potential impact of climate change on CWP events using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project model outputs for the coastal areas impacted by tropical cyclones on a global scale. We identified global hotspots of higher dependence between extreme wind and precipitation events. Under climate change, the results show a substantial increase in precipitation extremes compared to individual wind extreme events. The likelihood of CWP events under climate change indicates an increase (about 40%–50%) in most coastal regions in North Atlantic, East, and South Asia. The results of this study can help to identify hotspot regions under climate change and further assist in minimizing the impact of future disasters in vulnerable coastal areas.
ICON Observations of Equatorial Ionospheric Vertical ExB and Field‐Aligned Plasma Drifts During the 2020–2021 SSW
Authors: Zhang Ruilong , Liu Libo , Ma Han , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun
Published: August 2022

Previous studies have revealed large anomalies in vertical ExB drift during the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), and little attention focused on the behaviors of field‐aligned plasma drift. We report the first simultaneous observations of the equatorial ionospheric vertical ExB and field‐aligned plasma drifts and neutral winds during the 2020–2021 SSW, using the Ionospheric Connections Explorer (ICON) satellite measurements. The downward ExB drift is observed in the afternoon equatorial topside ionosphere in longitudes of ∼180°–270°E, in good agreement with the Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar measurements. What is more, the ICON records the afternoon northward disturbance in field‐aligned plasma drift, which is mainly due to the disturbance meridional wind. The enhanced semidiurnal tides maybe contribute to the disturbances in equatorial topside plasma drifts and neutral winds. This study indicates that the field‐aligned motion is an important factor in the ionosphere‐thermosphere responses to SSW.
A Stimulated Emission Diagnostic Technique for Electron Temperature of the High Power Radio Wave Modified Ionosphere
Authors: Fu H. Y. , Jiang M. L. , Vierinen J. , Häggström I. , Rietveld M. T. , Varberg E. , Sato H. , Wu J. , Scales W. A. , Jin Y. Q.
Published: August 2022

We report observations of stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE) induced by high power high frequency (HF) radio waves near the third electron gyroharmonic (3) at European Incoherent Scatter Radar (EISCAT). It is discovered that stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) spectrum behaves similarly as spectral ion lines of the incoherent scatter radar (ISR) for HF pumping frequency above 3. The SBS spectral width shows correlation with electron to ion temperature ratio Te/Ti. A new inversion method is proposed by incorporating the SBS spectral width within an artificial neural network approach to achieve electron temperature inversion for ionospheric turbulent plasmas. This work provides a potential new technique to diagnose parameters in the modified ionosphere when the ISR is not available.
Aerosol Characterization of the Stratospheric Plume From the Volcanic Eruption at Hunga Tonga 15 January 2022
Authors: Kloss Corinna , Sellitto Pasquale , Renard Jean‐Baptiste , Baron Alexandre , Bègue Nelson , Legras Bernard , Berthet Gwenaël , Briaud Emmanuel , Carboni Elisa , Duchamp Clair , Duflot Valentin , Jacquet Patrick , Marquestaut Nicolas , Metzger Jean‐Marc , Payen Guillaume , Ranaivombola Marion , Roberts Tjarda , Siddans Richard , Jégou Fabrice
Published: August 2022

Following the Hunga Tonga eruption (20.6°S, 175.4°W, mid‐January 2022), we present a balloon‐borne characterization of the stratospheric aerosol plume one week after its injection (on 23 and 26 January 2022, La Réunion island at 21.1°S, 55.3°E). Satellite observations show that flight (a) took place during the overpass of a denser plume of sulfate aerosols (SA) compared to a more diluted plume during flight. (b) Observations show that the sampled plumes (at around 22, 25 and 19 km altitude, respectively) consist exclusively of very small particles (with radius <1 µm). Particles with radii between 0.5 and 1.0 µm show optically transparent features pointing to predominant SA. Particles with radii below 0.5 µm are partly absorbing, which could point to small sulfate coated ash particles, a feature not identified with space‐borne observations. This shows that in situ observations are necessary to fully characterize the microphysical properties of the plumes tracked by space‐borne instruments.
Establishment and assessment of rodent models of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)
Authors: Yan Ran , Jiang Ruixue , Hu Longwei , Deng Yuwei , Wen Jin , Jiang Xinquan
Published: August 2022

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is primarily associated with administering antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs. Despite significant research on MRONJ, its pathogenesis and effective treatments are still not fully understood. Animal models can be used to simulate the pathophysiological features of MRONJ, serving as standardized in vivo experimental platforms to explore the pathogenesis and therapies of MRONJ. Rodent models exhibit excellent effectiveness and high reproducibility in mimicking human MRONJ, but classical methods cannot achieve a complete replica of the pathogenesis of MRONJ. Modified rodent models have been reported with improvements for better mimicking of MRONJ onset in clinic. This review summarizes representative classical and modified rodent models of MRONJ created through various combinations of systemic drug induction and local stimulation and discusses their effectiveness and efficiency. Currently, there is a lack of a unified assessment system for MRONJ models, which hinders a standard definition of MRONJ-like lesions in rodents. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes assessment systems based on published peer-review articles, including new approaches in gross observation, histological assessments, radiographic assessments, and serological assessments. This review can serve as a reference for model establishment and evaluation in future preclinical studies on MRONJ.
Advancing preclinical models of psychiatric disorders with human brain organoid cultures
Authors: Dixon Thomas Anthony , Muotri Alysson R.
Published: August 2022

Psychiatric disorders are often distinguished from neurological disorders in that the former do not have characteristic lesions or findings from cerebrospinal fluid, electroencephalograms (EEGs), or brain imaging, and furthermore do not have commonly recognized convergent mechanisms. Psychiatric disorders commonly involve clinical diagnosis of phenotypic behavioral disturbances of mood and psychosis, often with a poorly understood contribution of environmental factors. As such, psychiatric disease has been challenging to model preclinically for mechanistic understanding and pharmaceutical development. This review compares commonly used animal paradigms of preclinical testing with evolving techniques of induced pluripotent cell culture with a focus on emerging three-dimensional models. Advances in complexity of 3D cultures, recapitulating electrical activity in utero, and disease modeling of psychosis, mood, and environmentally induced disorders are reviewed. Insights from these rapidly expanding technologies are discussed as they pertain to the utility of human organoid and other models in finding novel research directions, validating pharmaceutical action, and recapitulating human disease.
Behavioural and functional evidence revealing the role of RBFOX1 variation in multiple psychiatric disorders and traits
Authors: O’Leary Aet , Fernàndez-Castillo Noèlia , Gan Gabriela , Yang Yunbo , Yotova Anna Y. , Kranz Thorsten M. , Grünewald Lena , Freudenberg Florian , Antón-Galindo Ester , Cabana-Domínguez Judit , Harneit Anais , Schweiger Janina I. , Schwarz Kristina , Ma Ren , Chen Junfang , Schwarz Emanuel , Rietschel Marcella , Tost Heike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Pané-Farré Christiane A. , Kircher Tilo , Hamm Alfons O. , Burguera Demian , Mota Nina Roth , Franke Barbara , Schweiger Susann , Winter Jennifer , Heinz Andreas , Erk Susanne , Romanczuk-Seiferth Nina , Walter Henrik , Ströhle Andreas , Fehm Lydia , Fydrich Thomas , Lueken Ulrike , Weber Heike , Lang Thomas , Gerlach Alexander L. , Nöthen Markus M. , Alpers Georg W. , Arolt Volker , Witt Stephanie , Richter Jan , Straube Benjamin , Cormand Bru , Slattery David A. , Reif Andreas
Published: August 2022

Common variation in the gene encoding the neuron-specific RNA splicing factor RNA Binding Fox-1 Homolog 1 (RBFOX1) has been identified as a risk factor for several psychiatric conditions, and rare genetic variants have been found causal for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we explored the genetic landscape of RBFOX1 more deeply, integrating evidence from existing and new human studies as well as studies in Rbfox1 knockout mice. Mining existing data from large-scale studies of human common genetic variants, we confirmed gene-based and genome-wide association of RBFOX1 with risk tolerance, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Data on six mental disorders revealed copy number losses and gains to be more frequent in ASD cases than in controls. Consistently, RBFOX1 expression appeared decreased in post-mortem frontal and temporal cortices of individuals with ASD and prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. Brain-functional MRI studies demonstrated that carriers of a common RBFOX1 variant, rs6500744, displayed increased neural reactivity to emotional stimuli, reduced prefrontal processing during cognitive control, and enhanced fear expression after fear conditioning, going along with increased avoidance behaviour. Investigating Rbfox1 neuron-specific knockout mice allowed us to further specify the role of this gene in behaviour. The model was characterised by pronounced hyperactivity, stereotyped behaviour, impairments in fear acquisition and extinction, reduced social interest, and lack of aggression; it provides excellent construct and face validity as an animal model of ASD. In conclusion, convergent translational evidence shows that common variants in RBFOX1 are associated with a broad spectrum of psychiatric traits and disorders, while rare genetic variation seems to expose to early-onset neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders with and without developmental delay like ASD, in particular. Studying the pleiotropic nature of RBFOX1 can profoundly enhance our understanding of mental disorder vulnerability.
Maternal early-pregnancy body mass index-associated metabolomic component and mental and behavioral disorders in children
Authors: Girchenko Polina , Lahti-Pulkkinen Marius , Lipsanen Jari , Heinonen Kati , Lahti Jari , Rantalainen Ville , Hämäläinen Esa , Laivuori Hannele , Villa Pia M. , Kajantie Eero , Räikkönen Katri
Published: August 2022

Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and/or higher body mass index (BMI) have been associated with neurodevelopmental and mental health adversities in children. While maternal metabolomic perturbations during pregnancy may underpin these associations, the existing evidence is limited to studying individual metabolites, not capturing metabolic variation specific to maternal BMI, and not accounting for the correlated nature of the metabolomic measures. By using multivariate supervised analytical methods, we first identified maternal early-pregnancy BMI-associated metabolomic component during pregnancy. We then examined whether this component was associated with mental and behavioral disorders in children, improved the prediction of the child outcomes over maternal BMI, and what proportion of the effect of maternal BMI on the child outcomes this component mediated. Early-pregnancy BMI of 425 mothers participating in the PREDO study was extracted from the national Medical Birth Register. During pregnancy, mothers donated up to three blood samples, from which a targeted panel of 68 metabolites were measured. Mental and behavioral disorders in children followed-up from birth until 8.4–12.8 years came from the Care Register for Health Care. Of the 68 metabolites averaged across the three sampling points, 43 associated significantly with maternal early-pregnancy BMI yielding a maternal early-pregnancy BMI-associated metabolomic component (total variance explained, 55.4%; predictive ability, 52.0%). This metabolomic component was significantly associated with higher hazard of any mental and behavioral disorder [HR 1.45, 95%CI(1.15, 1.84)] and relative risk of having a higher number of co-morbid disorders [RR 1.43, 95%CI(1.12, 1.69)] in children. It improved the goodness-of-model-fit over maternal BMI by 37.7–65.6%, and hence the predictive significance of the model, and mediated 60.8–75.8% of the effect of maternal BMI on the child outcomes. Maternal BMI-related metabolomic perturbations during pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of mental and behavioral disorders in children. These findings may allow identifying metabolomic targets for personalized interventions.
Conserved subcortical processing in visuo-vestibular gaze control
Authors: Wibble Tobias , Pansell Tony , Grillner Sten , Pérez-Fernández Juan
Published: August 2022

Gaze stabilization compensates for movements of the head or external environment to minimize image blurring. Multisensory information stabilizes the scene on the retina via the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKR) reflexes. While the organization of neuronal circuits underlying VOR is well-described across vertebrates, less is known about the contribution and evolution of the OKR and the basic structures allowing visuo-vestibular integration. To analyze these neuronal pathways underlying visuo-vestibular integration, we developed a setup using a lamprey eye-brain-labyrinth preparation, which allowed coordinating electrophysiological recordings, vestibular stimulation with a moving platform, and visual stimulation via screens. Lampreys exhibit robust visuo-vestibular integration, with optokinetic information processed in the pretectum that can be downregulated from tectum. Visual and vestibular inputs are integrated at several subcortical levels. Additionally, saccades are present in the form of nystagmus. Thus, all basic components of the visuo-vestibular control of gaze were present already at the dawn of vertebrate evolution.
Neuronal congruency effects in macaque prefrontal cortex
Authors: Yao Tao , Vanduffel Wim
Published: August 2022

The interplay between task-relevant and task-irrelevant information may induce conflicts that impair behavioral performance, a.k.a. behavioral congruency effects. The neuronal mechanisms underlying behavioral congruency effects, however, are poorly understood. We recorded single unit activity in monkey prefrontal cortex using a task-switching paradigm and discovered a neuronal congruency effect (NCE) that is carried by target and distractor neurons which process target and distractor-related information, respectively. The former neurons provide more signal, the latter less noise in congruent compared to incongruent conditions, resulting in a better target representation. Such NCE is dominated by the level of congruency, and is not determined by the task rules the subjects used, their reaction times (RT), the length of the delay period, nor the response levels of the neurons. We propose that this NCE can explain behavioral congruency effects in general, as well as previous fMRI and EEG results in various conflict paradigms.
Local molecular and global connectomic contributions to cross-disorder cortical abnormalities
Authors: Hansen Justine Y. , Shafiei Golia , Vogel Jacob W. , Smart Kelly , Bearden Carrie E. , Hoogman Martine , Franke Barbara , van Rooij Daan , Buitelaar Jan , McDonald Carrie R. , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Schmaal Lianne , Veltman Dick J. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Stein Dan J. , van Erp Theo G. M. , Ching Christopher R. K. , Andreassen Ole A. , Hajek Tomas , Opel Nils , Modinos Gemma , Aleman André , van der Werf Ysbrand , Jahanshad Neda , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Thompson Paul M. , Carson Richard E. , Dagher Alain , Misic Bratislav
Published: August 2022

Numerous brain disorders demonstrate structural brain abnormalities, which are thought to arise from molecular perturbations or connectome miswiring. The unique and shared contributions of these molecular and connectomic vulnerabilities to brain disorders remain unknown, and has yet to be studied in a single multi-disorder framework. Using MRI morphometry from the ENIGMA consortium, we construct maps of cortical abnormalities for thirteen neurodevelopmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders from N = 21,000 participants and N = 26,000 controls, collected using a harmonised processing protocol. We systematically compare cortical maps to multiple micro-architectural measures, including gene expression, neurotransmitter density, metabolism, and myelination (molecular vulnerability), as well as global connectomic measures including number of connections, centrality, and connection diversity (connectomic vulnerability). We find a relationship between molecular vulnerability and white-matter architecture that drives cortical disorder profiles. Local attributes, particularly neurotransmitter receptor profiles, constitute the best predictors of both disorder-specific cortical morphology and cross-disorder similarity. Finally, we find that cross-disorder abnormalities are consistently subtended by a small subset of network epicentres in bilateral sensory-motor, inferior temporal lobe, precuneus, and superior parietal cortex. Collectively, our results highlight how local molecular attributes and global connectivity jointly shape cross-disorder cortical abnormalities.
Peripheral gene interactions define interpretable clusters of core ASD genes in a network-based investigation of the omnigenic theory
Authors: Fóthi Ábel , Pintér Csaba , Pollner Péter , Lőrincz András
Published: August 2022

According to the recently proposedomnigenictheory, all expressed genes in a relevant tissue are contributing directly or indirectly to the manifestation of complex disorders such as autism. Thus, holistic approaches can be complementary in studying genetics of these complex disorders to focusing on a limited number of candidate genes. Gene interaction networks can be used for holistic studies of the omnigenic nature of autism. We used Louvain clustering on tissue-specific gene interaction networks and their subgraphs exclusively containing autism-related genes to study the effects of peripheral gene interactions. We observed that the autism gene clusters are significantly weaker connected to each other and the peripheral genes in non-neuronal tissues than in brain-related tissues. The biological functions of the brain clusters correlated well with previous findings on autism, such assynaptic signaling,regulation of DNA methylation, orregulation of lymphocyte activation, however, on the other tissues they did not enrich as significantly. Furthermore, ASD subjects with disruptive mutations in specific gene clusters show phenotypical differences compared to other disruptive variants carrying ASD individuals. Our results strengthen the omnigenic theory and can advance our understanding of the genetic background of autism.
Truncated FGFR2 is a clinically actionable oncogene in multiple cancers
Authors: Zingg Daniel , Bhin Jinhyuk , Yemelyanenko Julia , Kas Sjors M. , Rolfs Frank , Lutz Catrin , Lee Jessica K. , Klarenbeek Sjoerd , Silverman Ian M. , Annunziato Stefano , Chan Chang S. , Piersma Sander R. , Eijkman Timo , Badoux Madelon , Gogola Ewa , Siteur Bjørn , Sprengers Justin , de Klein Bim , de Goeij-de Haas Richard R. , Riedlinger Gregory M. , Ke Hua , Madison Russell , Drenth Anne Paulien , van der Burg Eline , Schut Eva , Henneman Linda , van Miltenburg Martine H. , Proost Natalie , Zhen Huiling , Wientjens Ellen , de Bruijn Roebi , de Ruiter Julian R. , Boon Ute , de Korte-Grimmerink Renske , van Gerwen Bastiaan , Féliz Luis , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. , Ross Jeffrey S. , van de Ven Marieke , Rottenberg Sven , Cuppen Edwin , Chessex Anne Vaslin , Ali Siraj M. , Burn Timothy C. , Jimenez Connie R. , Ganesan Shridar , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. , Jonkers Jos
Published: August 2022

Somatic hotspot mutations and structural amplifications and fusions that affect fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (encoded by FGFR2) occur in multiple types of cancer1. However, clinical responses to FGFR inhibitors have remained variable1–9, emphasizing the need to better understand which FGFR2 alterations are oncogenic and therapeutically targetable. Here we apply transposon-based screening10,11 and tumour modelling in mice12,13, and find that the truncation of exon 18 (E18) of Fgfr2 is a potent driver mutation. Human oncogenomic datasets revealed a diverse set of FGFR2 alterations, including rearrangements, E1–E17 partial amplifications, and E18 nonsense and frameshift mutations, each causing the transcription of E18-truncated FGFR2 (FGFR2ΔE18). Functional in vitro and in vivo examination of a compendium of FGFR2ΔE18 and full-length variants pinpointed FGFR2-E18 truncation as single-driver alteration in cancer. By contrast, the oncogenic competence of FGFR2 full-length amplifications depended on a distinct landscape of cooperating driver genes. This suggests that genomic alterations that generate stable FGFR2ΔE18 variants are actionable therapeutic targets, which we confirmed in preclinical mouse and human tumour models, and in a clinical trial. We propose that cancers containing any FGFR2 variant with a truncated E18 should be considered for FGFR-targeted therapies.
BRAX, Brazilian labeled chest x-ray dataset
Authors: Reis Eduardo P. , de Paiva Joselisa P. Q. , da Silva Maria C. B. , Ribeiro Guilherme A. S. , Paiva Victor F. , Bulgarelli Lucas , Lee Henrique M. H. , Santos Paulo V. , Brito Vanessa M. , Amaral Lucas T. W. , Beraldo Gabriel L. , Haidar Filho Jorge N. , Teles Gustavo B. S. , Szarf Gilberto , Pollard Tom , Johnson Alistair E. W. , Celi Leo A. , Amaro Edson
Published: August 2022

Chest radiographs allow for the meticulous examination of a patient’s chest but demands specialized training for proper interpretation. Automated analysis of medical imaging has become increasingly accessible with the advent of machine learning (ML) algorithms. Large labeled datasets are key elements for training and validation of these ML solutions. In this paper we describe the Brazilian labeled chest x-ray dataset, BRAX: an automatically labeled dataset designed to assist researchers in the validation of ML models. The dataset contains 24,959 chest radiography studies from patients presenting to a large general Brazilian hospital. A total of 40,967 images are available in the BRAX dataset. All images have been verified by trained radiologists and de-identified to protect patient privacy. Fourteen labels were derived from free-text radiology reports written in Brazilian Portuguese using Natural Language Processing.
Proof of concept for developing novel feeds for cattle from wasted food and crop biomass to enhance agri-food system efficiency
Authors: Dou Zhengxia , Toth John D. , Pitta Dipti W. , Bender Joseph S. , Hennessy Meagan L. , Vecchiarelli Bonnie , Indugu Nagaraju , Chen Ting , Li Yunyun , Sherman Rachel , Deutsch Jonathan , Hu Bo , Shurson Gerald C. , Parsons Brianna , Baker Linda D.
Published: August 2022

Modern agri-food systems generate large amounts of crop-based biomass that are unfit for direct human consumption but potentially suitable for livestock feeding in production of meats, milk, and eggs. This study aims to develop novel feeds for cattle from some of those biomass materials through the natural microbial-driven processes of ensiling. Fruit and vegetables resembling supermarket discards were ensiled alone or co-ensiled with corn crop residues, mushroom wastes, etc. via laboratory experiments. Longitudinal sample analyses showed that (co-)ensiling was successful, with pH and fermentation acids changing rapidly into desirable ranges (pH < 4.5, the acids 5–13% DM with lactic acid dominating). The (co-)ensiled products had key nutritional parameters comparable to those of good quality forages commonly used on dairy farms. Additionally, in vitro incubation experiments indicated that the ensiled products could substitute certain conventional feeds while maintaining diet digestibility. Findings from this pilot study provide a proof of principle that quality novel feeds for cattle can be generated by co-ensiling food discards and low-value crop residues. Future research and animal feeding trials to demonstrate the utility of this approach can help societies more effectively utilize untapped biomass resources, strengthening the regenerative capacity of agri-food systems towards a more sustainable food future.
Shear characteristics and shear strength model of rock mass structural planes
Authors: Dong Shan , Peng Yulin , Lu Zhichun , Zhang Heng , Hou Weihua , Su Aijun
Published: August 2022

Accurately determining the shear strength of structural planes is crucial for evaluating the stability of rock masses. The shear test using the sawtooth structural plane usually captures the main influencing factors of its shear characteristics. In this study, the two-dimensional particle flow code (PFC2D) numerical simulation method was used to conduct shear tests on the sawtooth structural planes of rock masses with undulant angles of 10°, 20°, and 30°, respectively. With the increase in normal stress and the undulant angle, the shear failure of the structural planes was found to no longer be pure slip failure or shear failure but accompanied by a compression-induced fracture phenomenon. Based on the analysis of the shear test results, a peak shear strength model considering different undulant angles and normal stresses was proposed, and the hyperbolic function post-peak shear strength model was improved. The peak shear strength obtained from the physical direct shear tests was compared with those calculated using the proposed model, Parton model, and Shen model. The calculation error under low and high normal stress of the proposed method was found to be within an acceptable range. Additionally, when calculating the peak shear strength of a structural plane under high normal stress, applying the calculation method proposed in this study is a better option than applying the other models. Furthermore, although the variation trend of the post-peak shear strength was similar to that of the experimental results, the values obtained using the hyperbolic variation model were too large. The variation trend of the post-peak shear strength obtained using the improved function was essentially consistent with the experimental results, and the calculated values were close to the experimental results. The systematic research on the shear strength calculation model of rock mass structural planes contributes to the theoretical research of rock mass mechanics, and this study can act as a guide for landslide prediction and control projects.
β-Cyclodextrin-functionalized graphene and metal–organic framework composites for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol
Authors: Du Haotian , Yin Tengyue , Jie Guifen
Published: August 2022

Novel β-CD@functionalized graphene /Cu-BTC composites were in situ prepared using β-CD functionalized graphene and Cu-BTC, and a new electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of chloramphenicol was developed based on the composites.
Biomimetic control of charge transfer in MOFs by solvent coordination for boosting photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Zejin , Ding Rui , Zhang Jie , Chen Linrong , Wang Ying , Liu Jianguo , Zou Zhigang
Published: August 2022

Torsion of perylene in Ni-MOFs caused by solvent coordination accelerates electron transmission speed.
Diagnostic plasmonic sensors: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Das Chandreyee Manas , Kong Kien Voon , Yong Ken-Tye
Published: August 2022

The medical fraternity is currently burgeoned and stressed with a huge rush of patients who have inflammatory conditions, metabolite diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
Palladium-catalyzed hydroamination of vinylidenecyclopropane-diester with pyrroles and indoles: an approach to azaaromatic vinylcyclopropanes
Authors: Yang Ze-ren , Zhang Bo , Long Yong-jie , Shi Min
Published: August 2022

A new method for the synthesis of azaaromatic vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) via palladium and Lewis acid catalyzed hydroamination of vinylidenecyclopropane-diesters (VDCP-diesters) under mild conditions.
Trap-tuning in afterglow perovskite crystals through alkali metal ion doping
Authors: Shi Yihan , Zhang Xiangzhou , Chen Xiangxiang , Zhang Yuhai
Published: August 2022

Alkali metal ions were doped in a single-crystal perovskite to tune the trap level, whereby an extended afterglow up to 3600 s was activated at low temperature.
Light-driven reduction of CO2: thermodynamics and kinetics of hydride transfer reactions in benzimidazoline derivatives
Authors: Ostojić Bojana D. , Stanković Branislav , Đorđević Dragana S. , Schwerdtfeger Peter
Published: August 2022

CO2 capture, conversion and storage belong to the holy grail of environmental science. Here we explore an important photochemical hydride transfer reaction of benzimidazoline derivatives with CO2 in a polar solvent (DMSO) by quantum-chemical methods.
Reaction dynamics of Diels–Alder reactions from machine learned potentials
Authors: Young Tom A. , Johnston-Wood Tristan , Zhang Hanwen , Duarte Fernanda
Published: August 2022

Recent advances in the development of reactive machine-learned potentials (MLPs) promise to transform reaction modelling.
Characterization of nanoparticle size distributions using a microfluidic device with integrated optical microcavities
Authors: Malmir Kiana , Okell William , Trichet Aurélien A. P. , Smith Jason M.
Published: August 2022

Open-access optical microcavities act as a combined optical trap and sensor. This work shows that the integration of optical microcavities into microfluidics with controlled flow speed can open up new avenues for nanoparticle characterization.
Thieno[3,2-b]indole–benzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophen-3(2H)-one-based D–π–A molecules as electron transport materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Steparuk A. S. , Irgashev R. A. , Zhilina E. F. , Rusinov G. L. , Petrova S. A. , Saranin D. S. , Aleksandrov A. E. , Tameev A. R.
Published: August 2022

New small molecule D–π–A compounds, bearing thieno[3,2-b]indole and benzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophen-3(2H)-one scaffolds, were prepared, characterized and utilized as electron transport materials in perovskite solar cells.
Pentanuclear MII–MnII (M = Ni and Cu) complexes of N2O2 donor ligands with a variation of carboxylate anions: syntheses, structures, magnetic properties and catecholase-like activities
Authors: Ganguly Sayantan , Bhunia Pradip , Mayans Júlia , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: August 2022

One NiII2MnII3 and two CuII2MnII3 complexes have been synthesized using N2O2 donor ligands. The former complex exhibits spin crossover at 2 K temperature. All the complexes exhibit catecholase-like activities.
Au3-Decorated graphene as a sensing platform for O2 adsorption and desorption kinetics
Authors: Libeert Guillaume , Murugesan Ramasamy , Guba Márton , Keijers Wout , Collienne Simon , Raes Bart , Brems Steven , De Gendt Stefan , Silhanek Alejandro V. , Höltzl Tibor , Houssa Michel , Van de Vondel Joris , Janssens Ewald
Published: August 2022

A new approach to sensitively measure the sorption kinetics of molecules on few-atom clusters, by making use of a graphene sensor, is proposed. The approach is illustrated for the reaction of O2 with Au3 clusters.
Study on the thermal decomposition behavior of ammonium perchlorate catalyzed by Zn–Co cooperation in MOF
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zhang Siwei , Ren Zhuoqun , Wang Yazhou , Zhang Yifu , Huang Chi
Published: August 2022

The combustion performance of solid propellants plays a decisive role in the overall application of rockets.
Robust metal–organic framework with abundant large electronegative sites for removal of CO2 from a ternary C2H2/C2H4/CO2 mixture
Authors: Xiong Cheng , Xiao Yan-Hong , Liu Qingyou , Chen Ling , He Chun-Ting , Liu Qing-Yan , Wang Yu-Ling
Published: August 2022

Herein, a MOF with cavities decorated with high-density electronegative F and O sites for the challenging separation of a ternary equimolar mixture of C2H2, C2H4, and CO2 is presented.
The cobalt(ii)-catalyzed acyloxylation of picolinamides with bifunctional silver carboxylateviaC–H bond activation
Authors: Yao Yongqi , Su Shaoting , Wu Nan , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: August 2022

The cobalt(ii)-catalyzed C–H bond acyloxylation of picolinamides with bifunctional silver carboxylate has been developed. The mild and practical esterification provides an atom-economic route to access to polysubstituted naphthalene compounds.
Entropy directs the self-assembly of supramolecular palladium coordination macrocycles and cages
Authors: Poole III D. A. , Bobylev E. O. , Mathew S. , Reek J. N. H.
Published: August 2022

These studies demonstrate that ΔS drives the self-assembly of supramolecular palladium-based coordination macrocycles and cages. As this ΔS contribution arises from solvation, these findings broadly reflect the thermodynamic drive of self-assembly to form compact structures.
Correction: Dual crosslinking hydrogels with tunable injectability and stability for bone repair
Authors: Chu Wenlin , Ke Xiang , Dong Zhiyun , Xie Jing , Luo Jun , Li Jianshu
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Dual crosslinking hydrogels with tunable injectability and stability for bone repair’ by Wenlin Chu et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022, 10, 4386–4394, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TB00545J.
The smallest oligothiophene diradicals by asymmetric substitution of quinoidal cores
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhan Qian , Han Bo , Quintero Sergio Moles , Huang Wanjing , Ji Yu , Miao Fang , Chen Hanjiao , Casado Juan , Zheng Yonghao
Published: August 2022

The asymmetry of our PTI-n diradical pursuing a soft donor–donor energy difference was the structural design that we characterised by several spectroscopic and magnetic tools complemented with quantum chemical calculations.
Recent advances in designing thermoelectric materials
Authors: Mukherjee Madhubanti , Srivastava Ashutosh , Singh Abhishek K.
Published: August 2022

Strategies for designing advanced thermoelectric materials.
Speech-Language Pathology Assessment of School-Age Children With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review
Authors: Riccardi Jessica S. , Crook Libby , Oskowski Madeline , Ciccia Angela
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe evidenced-based assessment practices for school-age children with any severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that could inform the practice of speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method:

A scoping review of the literature was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Included studies were assigned thematic labels related to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework.

Results:

A total of 30 articles met inclusion criteria for this study. Most studies included adolescent or teenage participants with mild TBIs in the acute stages of recovery. Twenty-two different assessments were reported on for children with TBI addressing body structure/function (
n
= 19 assessments), activities and participation (
n
= 1 assessment), and contextual factors (
n
= 3 assessments).

Conclusions:

Current assessments have a clear focus on body structure/function for adolescents after childhood TBI, with little research evidence to address activities and participation or contextual factors. The limited amount of functional assessments directly related to the SLP scope of practice stresses the need for additional research on ecologically valid and comprehensive assessment approaches for school-age children with TBI. The results of this review could be utilized as a resource in providing theoretical, evidence-based, and person-centered evaluation methods for children with TBI.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20422170
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives of Communication Sciences and Disorder Programs Across the United States
Authors: Stewart Jessica R. , Mishra Srikanta
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this pilot study is to begin exploring the diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives being implemented by communication sciences and disorders (CSD) programs at various universities across the United States with the intent to guide and support future research studies.

Method:

Publicly available data of DEI initiatives used by CSD programs across the United States were utilized for this study. A three-step procedure was used to explore reported initiatives. First, responses were reviewed to determine whether the reported initiatives were focusing on diversity, equity, and/or inclusion. Second, each independent initiative was reviewed, and common themes were identified. Third, the reported impact of DEI initiatives on CSD programs was explored.

Results:

This study produced four major findings related to DEI initiatives in CSD programs: (a) The majority of CSD programs included in this study reported use of DEI initiatives focusing on inclusion; (b) CSD programs included in this study reported implementation of DEI initiatives that fall into seven themes; (c) CSD programs included in this study reported DEI initiative impact on students and a reduced number of programs reported impact on faculty, staff, and the community; and (d) the DEI initiatives of CSD programs included in this study appeared to vary according to university-level factors.

Conclusions:

There is a dearth of information relating to the use of DEI initiatives being implemented by CSD programs. The results of this pilot study can be used to implement future studies and programs with the ultimate goal of improving DEI in the fields of speech-language pathology and audiology.
A hybrid assessment framework for human‐centred sustainable smart campus: A case study on COVID‐19 impact
Authors: Yip Christine , Zhang Yuchen , Lu Erwan , Dong Zhao Yang
Published: August 2022

The continuous development of modern information and communication technologies is driving the smart revolution in the global education system. The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic has recently posed unprecedented challenges to educational institutes. The education informatisation technologies are playing a vital role to ensure the continuity and enhance the performance of education during the pandemic, which accelerates the integration of cutting‐edge technologies and thus the overall development of the smart campus. Alongside the technological advancement, the existing studies indicate that the success of smart campus development mainly depends on three key dimensions: technology capability, sustainability, and student health and well‐being. However, the state‐of‐the‐art assessment on smart campus are mostly unilaterally dependent but lack a balanced evaluation of the three dimensions. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a hybrid assessment framework that integrates all three key aspects, aiming to provide a multi‐dimensional view of campus smartness for human‐centred sustainable development. The smart campus assessment index resulting from the proposed framework is constructed under a limiting factor formulation to jointly model the individual contributions from the three dimensions as well as their trade‐off relationship. The contribution from each dimension is the weighted normalised sum of a set of precisely selected indicators. A case study is also conducted on the historical data of a US university to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the assessment index in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, which also demonstrates the rationality of the hybrid framework for smart campus assessment.
Surface photovoltage characterisation of metal halide perovskite on crystalline silicon using Kelvin probe force microscopy and metal-insulator-semiconductor configuration
Authors: Bojar Aleksandra , Regaldo Davide , Alvarez José , Alamarguy David , Donchev Vesselin , Georgiev Stefan , Schulz Philip , Kleider Jean-Paul
Published: August 2022

In this study we analysed halide perovskite films deposited directly on crystalline silicon by means of two set-ups using different operating modes of the surface photovoltage (SPV) methods, i.e., the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) technique. The KPFM allowed to visualize surface potential distribution on a microscale while MIS technique allowed to study SPV spectral dependence. We studied wavelength dependent SPV of these samples, which allowed us to effectively vary the probe depth in the sample and discern the contribution from each interface to the overall effect measured under white light illumination. Depending on where the photocarriers are generated, different SPV signals are observed: at the perovskite/Si interface, the signal depends on Si doping type, while at the surface the SPV is always negative indicating downward surface band bending. This is confirmed by analysing SPV phase measured in the AC MIS mode. In addition, distinction between slow and fast processes contributing to measured SPV was possible. It has been observed, that with decreasing the illumination wavelength, the processes causing SPV become slower, which can indicate that high energy photons not only generate electronic photocarriers but can also induce chemical changes with creation of defects or ionic species that also modify the measured SPV.
Numerical simulation and experimental study on production of high-speed steel powder by high-frequency induction melting gas atomization
Authors: Zhao Bo , Xia Min , Wang Jun-Feng , Ge Chang-Chun
Published: August 2022

A new method (electrode induction gas atomization, EIGA) of producing high-speed steel powder was preliminarily studied by a combination of numerical simulation and experiment. Based on COMSOL Multiphysics® software, the effect of various parameters including coil angle, output frequency and power of the electrical source on flux density, induced current, temperature field and phase field was simulated. Meanwhile, the experiment was carried out on the EIGA device to produce high-speed steel powder. The results of FEM simulation indicate that when the coil angle is 30°, there is the highest thermal efficiency on the electrode cone, and the induced current and temperature will increase as the output frequency and power of the electrical source increase. In addition, the powder experimentally obtained by the EIGA method exhibits good particle sphericity regardless of the size, with a median diameter (D50) of 71.4 μm and a low oxygen content of 81 μg/g. The phase composition of the powder is mainly composed of γ-Fe and α-Fe structures and MC-type carbides. Due to the faster cooling rate, a solidification microstructure consists of fine cellular crystals and dendrites, and no coarse eutectic carbide network is observed, also confirmed by EDX elemental mapping.