bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superoxide dismutase isoenzymes gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Ninić Ana , Bogavac-Stanojević Nataša , Sopić Miron , Munjas Jelena , Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena , Miljković Milica , Gojković Tamara , Kalimanovska-Oštrić Dimitra , Spasojević-Kalimanovska Vesna
Published: November 2018

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in wide world population. Dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to disruption of endothelium structure and function, atherosclerosis and CAD. Our study was aimed to determine whether Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) gene expression could be modulated by oxidative stress in CAD patients.

Methods

This study included 77 CAD patients and 31 apparently healthy persons. Serum lipid levels, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), total antioxidant status (TAS) and thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) were measured. SOD isoenzymes gene expression was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Mn SOD messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels were significantly lower in CAD patients than in controls (p=0.011), while Cu/Zn SOD mRNA levels did not change significantly between tested groups (p=0.091). We found significantly lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) (p<0.001) and TAS (p<0.001) levels and significantly higher hsCRP (p=0.002) and TBARS (p<0.001) in CAD patients than in controls. There were significant positive correlations between TAS and Mn SOD mRNA (ρ=0.243, p=0.020) and TAS and Cu/Zn SOD mRNA (r=0.359, p<0.001). TBARS negatively correlated only with Cu/Zn SOD mRNA (ρ=-0.215, p=0.040). TAS levels remained independent predictor for Mn SOD mRNA levels (OR=2.995, p=0.034).

Conclusions

Results of this study showed that Mn SOD gene expression were decreased in CAD patients compared to controls and can be modulated by non-enzymatic antioxidant status in blood.
Genetic changes in pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 induced by serial passages in chickens and microscopic lesions caused by the virus in various avian hosts
Authors: Olszewska-Tomczyk Monika , Dolka Izabella , Świętoń Edyta , Śmietanka Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Genotype VI of avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV-1) has pigeons and doves as its reservoir and is often termed pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1). The pathogenesis of PPMV-1 infections in poultry is largely obscure. It is known that PPMV-1 requires a series of passages in chickens before it becomes adapted to gallinaceous poultry.

Material and Methods: Changes in the genome of PPMV-1 were analysed after serial passages in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens, using high-throughput sequencing. Additionally, histopathological lesions induced by PPMV-1 in experimentally inoculated pigeons, chickens, and turkeys were evaluated.

Results: Following six passages of PPMV-1 in chickens, 10 nonsynonymous substitutions were found including one (in the NP protein) which dominated the genetic pool of viral quasispecies. Histopathological changes induced by the post-passage PPMV-1 strain were more prominent than changes wrought by the pre-passaged PPMV-1 strain and the lesions were most intense in pigeons followed by chickens and turkeys.

Conclusion: PPMV-1 is highly adapted to pigeons and passaging through chickens results in the acquisition of novel amino acids in the polymerase complex, which may alter the pathogenic potential of the virus.
Immunohistomorphometric Changes of The Pituitary Gonadotropic Cells After Testosterone Application in a Rat Model of the Andropause
Authors: Ristić Nataša , Ajdžanović Vladimir , Petrović-Kosanović Dragana , Miler Marko , Ušćebrka Gordana , Milošević Verica
Published: November 2018

Andropause, the culminating phase of male ageing, is characterized by deregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis and low circulating free testosterone. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistomorphometric characteristics of the pituitary gonadotropic i.e. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone (LH) producing cells after testosterone application in a rat model of the andropause. Middle-aged Wistar rats were divided into orchidectomized (ORX; n=8) and testosterone treated orchidectomized (ORX+T; n=8) groups. Testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg b.m./day) was administered for three weeks, while the ORX group received the vehicle alone. Immunohistochemically stained FSH and LH cells underwent morphometric and optical density-related analysis, while circulating concentrations of the sex steroids were measured by immunoassays. Serum concentrations of testosterone and estradiol were significantly (p<0.05) increased by 24 and 2.7 fold respectively, compared to the ORX group. The volume of FSH and LH cells was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 51.3% and 56.6% respectively, in comparison with ORX rats. Relative volume density of FSH and LH cells was also significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 54.0% and 72.8% respectively, compared to the ORX group. Results related to the optical density of gonadotropic cells (reflecting their hormonal content) were in line with the morphometric findings i.e. this parameter of FSH and LH cells was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 25.7% and 16.2% respectively, in comparison with ORX rats. Conclusion: In conclusion, applied testosterone increased the serum concentrations of sex steroids, as well as it decreased morphometric parameters and optical density of gonadotropic cells in ORX rats.
A Risk-based Assessment of Road Networks: Country Case-study and a Wide Range of Applications Covering from Logistics Operations and Security Controls to Regional Geo-economic Development
Authors: Karkazis John , Baltos Georgios C.
Published: November 2018

In this paper a series of strategic logistics concepts, like transportation axes “attractivity”, substitution costs, geo-economic and emergency traffic paths, nodes and gates, are introduced and evaluated in a country case study assessing regional road networks. Based on the above mentioned, risk analyses are performed with regard to the logistics emergencies. Turkey’s main road network is being accordingly examined along with the policy implications of the results provided by current political changes in this country. This study exhibits that the R.T. Erdogan’s, AKP party-ruled, governments, caused not only high-level geopolitics and geo-economics repercussions but also have severe economic and logistics effects, activating incentives and infrastructure investments, especially in the so called Anatolian areas. The analysis of Turkey’s internal geo-economic trends offers notable insight into the mechanism controlling in general the regional socio-economic attractiveness and efficiency. In this context the socioeconomic indicator: "Roads Network Development" on regional basis and for each year of the period 1995-2012, has then been chosen and analyzed statistically as dependent variable in relation to the election results and the consequent political changes between the so called Kemalist and political Islam regimes; the results surprisingly confirm the relevant hypotheses tested.
Political Parties and National Integration in Emerging Democracies: A Focus on the Nigerian State
Authors: Omodia S. M.
Published: November 2018

Political Parties are Political institutions which are basically designed for power acquisition for the purpose of utilizing power for public good. In other words, political parties as agents of political development are expected not only to articulate and aggregate political interest but as a secondary group, political parties are expected to bring to their fold members from various ethnic background, class and religion for the purpose of galvanising them for national development. Thus, the concepts of people and integration are so central to the conception of leadership and organisation that defines political parties. This paper through the use of historical political analysis and the use of the structural-functional theory unfolds the activities of political parties in emerging democracies as regard the process cum pattern of mobilization for power acquisition and the utilization of such power for national development and integration. Based on the analysis, the deduction is that even though the leading political parties in Nigeria are national in outlook - both in party structure and membership, the parties are defective based on institutional weakness and the inability to provide functional check on party representative in government after utilizing the party to gain political offices. This is coupled with restrictive access to political offices through the zoning of such offices based on ethnic consideration, thereby fuelling ethnic identity in the Nigerian body - politic. The paper therefore views political parties as integrative mechanisms not only for deepening and widening democratic culture in emerging democracies but also as agents of national integration and development.
Millennial Work Ethic: A Preliminary Examination of the Work Ethic Profile of Filipino University Students
Authors: Velasco Joseph Ching , de Chavez Jeremy
Published: November 2018

At present, most students in the universities are considered millennials. As explained by Delcampo, Haggerty, Haney, and Knippel (2010), millennials are individuals born from 1981-2000. In general, millennials are perceived to be the “me” generation or “hero” generation. In addition, they are criticized as individuals who are self-centered, unmotivated, disrespectful, and disloyal (Myers & Sadaghiani, 2010). Given the conflicting and, to some extent, uncritical generalizations about the millennial cohort, this paper explores the work ethic profile of Filipino millennial university students. The respondents of this study are 248 university students from a private university in Metro Manila, Philippines. Through the Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile - Short Form (MWEP-SF), the seven dimension of work ethic were described. Results reveal that Filipino millennial university students scored high on self-reliance. Likewise, they have high mean scores in the dimensions of centrality of work, wasted time, morality/ethics, delay of gratification, and hard work. The dimension of leisure is ranked the lowest. The findings further reveal that there are significant differences in work ethic between male and female respondents. However, in terms of academic specialization, no significant differences were observed. Considering academic achievement, workload, and study hours, these factors interact with the different facets of work ethic.
Participation in Environmental Decision Making as an Imperative for Democracy and Environmental Justice in Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Gloria Amparo , Vargas-Chaves Iván
Published: November 2018

Restrictions on the scope of government action by forcing authorities to act exclusively to the extent permitted by law are a guarantee against abuses of power when authorities’ decisions have environmental implications. Such control ensures that this becomes a reality because it provides a way by which to overcome administrative inefficiency and avoid departure from the essential aims of public institutions. Environmental commitment is necessary for denationalization of the state; it appears as a subsidiary to the initiative and participation of citizens, which, by shifting functions to the private sphere, is also linked to destatization strategies. In light of these assumptions, and the consideration that decisions should not be taken without the input of communities, this article advocates the inclusion of citizens’ voices in environmental policies and management. These issues are addressed from the perspective of Hans Jonas’ ethic of responsibility, with the aim to develop socially responsible and participatory projects.
Public Debt and Economic Growth in Albania
Authors: Çifligu Eneida Përmeti
Published: November 2018

A high public debt and its consequences in the economy remain a very important issue to be discussed, especially during the periods of crisis and recessions. During the crisis, although Albania managed to maintain a positive economic growth, its public debt remains high and worrying for the economists. The purpose of this paper is to determine if there exist a correlation between the public debt and the economic growth in Albania, where the economic growth will be considered as the increase of GDP. Many authors have provided their contributions with various empirical analyzes to study the mutual link between economic growth and public debt and the results and the methodologies are different in different countries and periods. What is the situation in Albania at about the last 25 years? Analyzing the macroeconomic situation (the structure of Albanian public debt, the data on economic growth and public debt, the reasons of a high deb etc.) and the main causes of a positive growth and a macroeconomic stability, but a high public debt, we can conclude over the expectations and the trend of the future.
Development of a Curriculum to Enhance the Characteristics of the Future Teaching Professions of Undergraduate Students in Thailand
Authors: Buaklay Nannum , Pimdee Paitoon , Pupat Phadungchai , Klinhorm Lertlak
Published: November 2018

Producing teachers with characteristics according to the profession’s traits is essential in progressing the country into being a learning community. This research was undertaken in order to assess and develop the present curriculum and to enhance the characteristics of the future teaching professions of undergraduate students in Thailand. The sample group comprised 24 senior undergraduate students of the English and Educational Technology program of the Faculty of Education. Percentage, mean, standard deviation (S.D.), and t-test were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that: 1. The most essential characteristics of the future teaching professions of undergraduate students were the fostering of individualized instruction, the sharing of responsibilities, the sensitive acceptance of diversity, the encouragement of creativity, and the demonstration of caring and kindness, respectively. The experts also agreed that there were 5 guidelines for the enhancement of characteristics of the teaching profession. 2. The experts agreed that the congruity of the curriculum was at a high level. 3. The students better demonstrated the characteristics of the teaching profession after trialing the curriculum. 4. The students’satisfaction with the implementation of the curriculum was at the highest level.
Current Land Use in the Lower Bîc Plane, Republic of Moldova
Authors: Angela Canţîr , Ghennadi Sîrodoev
Published: November 2018

In terms of identification and utilization, land categories, were adapted to the specific classification of the Moldavian cadastre as well as some classification items from the Romanian General Cadastre. Here are represented by maps for every utilization category and are given statistical data about every category. Also is made an analysis of all the land use categories and is given a general presentation of the conditions and state in which these land are kept.
Transformation Through CLC with the Continuous Research Techniques - GIS (Open Code) and RS (Geo-Web Services)
Authors: Isufi Florim , Bulliqi Shpejtim , Hajredini Ardita
Published: November 2018

Land cover has always been and still it is one of the main challenges in the field of geography. This study will be focused on “experimentation” of one of the most modern techniques of our time, becoming irreplaceable standard for decision-making in matters of land cover and the square method. Here we are talking about the standard named: CORINE Land Cover, a technique for describing the land cover, initiated by the European Union in 1985. More precisely part of this paper will be the principles of this technique and their practical application, by doing a research through these techniques for specific areas. CORINE Land Cover will be used to explain the coverage area while the square method will be used for the division of the research area. The research area has been designed through random method. In this study are given three study areas along the coastline with an area of 100 km2, by making the entire research area of 300 km2. Each “main” area is divided in sub-areas of 100 ha, while each of these sub-areas is divided into smaller squares with equal area of 1 ha.

There are two “main experiments” in this paper:

1. Land cover technique – to design the minimum research area we used the method of square, while for explaining the coverage we used CORINE Land Cover nomenclature.

2. Technology to implement the technique – we used the so called open source GIS software and for satellite images we used Google geo-web service.
Trajectories of Hail Cells with Potential of Generating Hailstorms in Moldova in 2016-2017
Authors: Elvis Țapu , Liviu Apostol
Published: November 2018

Hail is one of the most damaging weather phenomena. Inflicted damage affects mostly agriculture, but also human settlements. The effects produced are mainly due to the size of the hailstones and the amount of fallen ice and, of course, to the vulnerability of the territory in which it occurs. The average number of hail days in Moldova increases from less than 1 day / year in the Barlad Plateau to over 6 days a year on the high mountain peaks. Studies at national or regional level in Romania have not addressed the problem of trajectories of hail cells with potential of generating hailstorms. In addition to literature references, weather data from the ground, synoptic maps and satellite images for the warm seasons of the two years have been used. In the two observation seasons (15 April-15 October) of the years 2016 and 2018 for the analyzed territory, a number of days with similar convective cells were observed, 51, respectively 53. The direction of southwest movement (33%) dominated, followed by the northwest direction.
Biodiversity Conservation and Strategies of Public Awareness. Case Study: The Natural Landscapes of Central Tunisia
Authors: Saadaoui Islem , Bryant Christopher Robin , Rejeb Hichem , Petrişor Alexandru-Ionuţ
Published: November 2018

This research examines global issues concerning the development of mountain areas considered as territories difficult to manage. The case study area is part of the sub-region of High Alpine Steppes belonging to the Tunisian Ridge and reaching Tebessa Mountains in Algeria. The central question of this article is based on the analysis of the links between the representations produced by mountain landscapes and the construction of a border line that must meet the requirements of sustainable development. Eco-landscape determinants and the role of public authorities and population must be better defined so that the products of this space provide a better quality of life endowed with the alternatives of local and sustainable development. Our hypothesis is that the mountain areas of West Central Tunisia still have a real ecological potential little disturbed by a chimerical development, and can constitute assets for the territorial development of the area. The approach adopted by this work is a scoping audit based on the floristic richness and the monitoring of its spatiotemporal dynamics. The results of this research allowed us to draw rich conclusions; the phyto-ecology approach has shown a relative floristic richness that remains highly dependent on the climatic cycles and intervention of human action; this area must be considered as a priority of the public planning policies aimed at improving the quality of lives in these fragile zones in the context of sustainable development.
Seroprevalence of Porcine Circovirus-2 in Domestic Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domestica) in Latvia
Authors: Pigiņka-Vjačeslavova Inga , Birģele Edīte , Šteingolde Žanete
Published: November 2018

Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) is the primary agent of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS), and is associated with Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease, which causes great economic losses in pig breeding. PCV2 infection is distributed worldwide throughout the domestic pig population. There have not been any investigations on the distribution of PCV2 sero-prevalence in the population of pigs in Latvia. However PCV2 is one of main differential infections for many diseases, and therefore it is very variable in clinical presentation of PMWS and other diseases associated with PCV2. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of PCV2 in pigs of different-scale farms located in different regions of Latvia. Blood samples of 963 pigs from 58 different-scale farms were examined for the PCV2 antibody from 2006 to 2016. It can be suggested that PCV2 is widespread within the territory of Latvia. Farms with pig number of up to 10 and farms with more than 5000 animals have different levels of biosafety, housing conditions and herd management. Nevertheless, the study showed that the number of PCV2-seropositive animals is similar in all farms (from 70.0% to 79.7%).
Discourse-Pragmatic and Processing-Related Motivators of the ordering of Reason Clauses in an Academic Corpus
Authors: Rezaee Abbas A. , Nemati Majid , Golparvar Seyyed Ehsan
Published: November 2018

The present research is aimed at examining the relative importance of the competing motivators of the sequencing of reason clauses in a corpus of research articles of applied linguistics. All the finite reason clauses accompanied by their main clauses in this corpus were collected. Random forest of conditional inference trees is the statistical modelling in this study. The findings showed that sentence-final reason clauses outnumber sentenceinitial ones. Moreover, subordinator choice and bridging, which are discourse-pragmatic constraints on clause positioning, emerged as the two more powerful predictors of the ordering of reason clauses in this corpus. Furthermore, the complexity of the clause turned out to be a stronger processing related predictor than the length of the clause.
Liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Mihăilă Romeo-Gabriel
Published: November 2018

Introduction
. The severity of liver fibrosis can be assessed noninvasively today by liver stiffness measurements. Vibration-controlled transient elastography, shear wave elastography or magnetic resonance elastography are techniques increasingly used for this purpose.

Methods
. This article presents the recent advances in the use of new techniques for liver fibrosis assessment in chronic hepatitis C: the correlation between liver stiffness values and liver fibrosis estimated by liver biopsies, the prognosis role of liver stiffness values, their usefulness in monitoring the treatment response, in assessing the severity of portal hypertension and in estimating the presence of esophageal varices. Scientific articles from January 2017 to January 2018 were searched in PubMed and PubMed Central databases, using the terms “liver stiffness” and “hepatitis C”.

Results
. The median liver stiffness values measured with different techniques are not identical, so that FibroScan thresholds cannot be used on any other elastographic machine. The higher the liver’s stiffness measurement, the higher the liver-related events in patients with chronic hepatitis C. A liver stiffness measurement over 17 kPa could be an independent predictor for the presence of esophageal varices as well as a spleen with a longitudinal span ≥ 15 cm for patients with a value of liver stiffness < 17 kPa. A progressive and persistent decrease in liver stiffness is dependent on sustained virological response achievement. The lack of liver stiffness decrease has been associated with relapsers and a low value of liver stiffness at baseline.

Conclusion
. Liver stiffness provides clues about the severity and evolution of liver disease.
Effect of statins on hearing function and subjective tinnitus in hyperlipidemic patients
Authors: Yücel Hilal , Yücel Abitter , Arbağ Hamdi , Cure Erkan , Eryilmaz Mehmet Akif , Özer Ahmet Bedri
Published: November 2018

Introduction
. It is known that hyperlipidemia reduces hearing functions. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of antihyperlipidemic drugs on hearing functions and tinnitus.

Methods
. Eighty-four patients aged 18 to 84, who were diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and started treatment with the statin group (atorvastatin 20 mg and 40 mg, rosuvastatin 10 mg and 20 mg, and simvastatin 20 mg) of antihyperlipidemic drugs, were included in this study. All patients underwent pure-tone audiometry before starting treatment with antihyperlipidemic drugs. Patients with tinnitus were evaluated by Tinnitus Severity Index and Visual Analogue Scale. In the 6th month of therapy, otologic examination, pure-tone audiometry and tinnitus evaluation of the patients were repeated.

Results
. No significant difference was found in the pure-tone averages of the patients before and after statin use (p > 0.05). However, it was found in the audiometry that, after statin use, all drugs caused to statistically significant decrease in the hearing thresholds at 6000 Hertz (p < 0.05). Also, a strong increase was found in the Speech Discrimination percentages after treatment in patients using rosuvastatin 10 mg (p = 0.022). A significant decrease was found in the tinnitus frequency, duration, severity and degree of annoyance in patients using rosuvastatin 10 mg and 20 mg (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
. Statin group of drugs can have a positive effect on the hearing functions and subjective tinnitus. In particular, it is seen that rosuvastatin group of statins has a more notable effect on tinnitus. It was considered that further studies with larger patient groups are needed.
Chest pain with increased troponin level; not always a cardiology issue
Authors: Papadatos Stamatis S. , Karakatsanis Stamatis J. , Deligiannis George , Gatsa Eleni
Published: November 2018

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy syndrome resulting from decrease or absence of “a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif member 13” (ADAMTS13). TTP has been characterized by the classical pentad of thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, fever, renal injury and neurological deficits, yet the patient may present with any atypical symptom related to microthrombi formation in the microcirculation. Here we present a rare case of a young patient with retrosternal chest pain and myocardial injury as the first manifestation of TTP.
Screening for Anxiety Disorders Among Schoolchildren with Asthma
Authors: Milovanovic Jasmina R. , Dajic Katerina , Stojkovic Anđelka , Lucic Aleksandra Tomic , Jankovic Slobodan M. , Matovic Sandra
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to perform screening for anxiety disorders among children with asthma and to reveal factors associated with general anxiety disorder and its specific forms.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among out-patients with asthma during routine visits to pediatricians. They were screened for anxiety disorders using SCARED self-reported questionnaire. Additional data were collected using specially designed questionnaire as well as the patient files. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPPS software using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Study population consisted mostly of schoolchildren (n=58), 8-12 years old, and adolescents (13-17 years) (n=13). Approximately 33.8% respondents were positive for general anxiety disorder. The most common were separation anxiety and social anxiety, recorded among 49.3% and 32.4% of patients, respectively. Generalized anxiety and panic/somatic disorder were recorded in the same percentage of patients (21.3%), while avoiding school was the least frequent (14.08%). Influence of numerous factors was tested, but only the following showed significant effects: peak expiratory flow test was associated with general anxiety disorder, patient’s age and gender with PD, and living place, asthma control according to GINA and age on GAD. Parent’s smoking was associated with SAD, age and patient’s weight status with SPH, and GINA asthma control with SA.

These findings suggest that anxiety disorders are common among children and adolescents with asthma. Various factors can be associated with general anxiety disorder and its specific forms, but some of them being preventable as avoiding smoking in the family.
Introduction with remarks on the history of negation
Authors: Olszewski Adam , Trzęsicki Kazimierz
Published: November 2018

In the introduction to the volume on negation, first the source ways of understanding it from antiquity to modern times are presented, as well as the basic points of contention connected with it. Subsequently, the works contained in this volume are briefly presented in the order in which they appeared.
Logical analysis of empirical expressions. What is wrong with empiricism
Authors: Materna Pavel
Published: November 2018

The following well-known problem motivated my handling more general problems. As we surely know, our pupils and even students are confronted with much more trouble when learning mathematics (and even physics) than when they learn ‘empirical’ sciences like biology, mineralogy etc. There are many factors that can at least partially explain this phenomenon. I would however mention one factor that is not too frequently adduced: mathematics, logic, and much of physics use concepts that are abstract while the empirical sciences seem to support understanding by using expressions concerning (denoting? expressing?) concrete objects. Therefore the first topic to be explained (or explicated) is: Abstract vs. concrete. The second point will consist of applying the first point to explanation of the trouble with learning mathematics. The third point will ask Logical Analysis of Natural Language how to tell abstract expressions from concrete ones. The fourth point will confront the concept described in the foregoing point with conceptions trying to abandon the distinction between analytic and empirical expressions. Here it will be shown that the empiricism representing this latter conception deprives semantics as applied to Natural language of important features of expressivity.
Negating as turning upside down
Authors: Skowron Bartłomiej , Kubiś Wiesław
Published: November 2018

In order to understand negation as such, at least since Aristotle’s time, there have been many ways of conceptually modelling it. In particular, negation has been studied as inconsistency, contradictoriness, falsity, cancellation, an inversion of arrangements of truth values, etc. In this paper, making substantial use of category theory, we present three more conceptual and abstract models of negation. All of them capture negation as turning upside down the entire structure under consideration. The first proposal turns upside down the structure almost literally; it is the well known construction of opposite category. The second one treats negation as a contravariant functor and the third one captures negation as adjointness. Traditionally, negation was investigated in the context of language as negation of sentences or parts of sentences, e.g. names. On the contrary we propose to negate structures globally. As a consequence of our approach we provide a solution to the ontological problem of the existence of negative states of affairs.
Negation and infinity
Authors: Trzęsicki Kazimierz
Published: November 2018

Infinity and negation are in various relations and interdependencies one to another. The analysis of negation and infinity aims to better understanding them. Semantical, syntactical, and pragmatic issues will be considered.
Tendencies in modern sport
Authors: Koprivica Vladimir
Published: November 2018

Sport is a very dynamic social phenomenon that has developed rapidly especially after the Second World War. Studying the history of sport and its present may help determine the tendencies of modern sport and predict how sport will look in the future. This very significant issue has not been addressed extensively in the professional literature. Determining the tendencies of sport development represents the basis of the preparation of young athletes-future successful seniors, but also the basis of the organization of sport within society, the improvement of the system of athletes' preparation and competition. The main modern sport tendencies include the following: sport is becoming more important in society; sports information is becoming more extensive and easily accessible; the number of scientific papers on sports has increased; new sports branches are constantly emerging; the number of sports branches included in the Olympic Games is increasing; the volume of training work and competition activities is increasing; general preparation has been reduced in seniors' training and used as an active rest; the orientation towards multi-year planning of preparation and competition has been more emphasized; the harmonization of training and competition activities has been searched for; non-traditional means of preparation have been increasingly used; the model characteristics of athletes, training stages and competition activities are a landmark in the selection of athletes and their preparation; the methodology of motor skills learning has been improved; the selection of athletes is getting better; the control of sports activities has become better; modern technologies have been increasingly applied in sports; the work in sports has been increasingly team-based, and a larger number of specialists from different professions have been engaged in a team; the sports system has been improved.
Sports photography and historical development
Authors: Stamenković Miloš
Published: November 2018

Sports photography undoubtedly has a significant place in sports press and publicism. It's main and primary role is to present sports to the readers as art, which it is. Sport is characterized by dynamic and varied movements, and the main role of sports photography is reflected in the fact that it is in this way that sport shows its essence. Having in mind that photography tells more than a thousand words it sends a clear message to the reader as well to people who are informed about events via sports portals. Sports photography is a multidimensional art for many reasons. When we say "multi", it primarily refers to a wider range that sports photography has to offer, which means sports photography is not only directed at presenting athletes on the move and the main actors who contribute to achieving the results by their engagement - it also has the role of sports "psychophotography" which is an analysis and capture of the emotional reaction of an athlete after winning or losing from the opposing team.
Rendzina (rędzina) – Soil of the Year 2018 in Poland. Introduction to origin, classification and land use of rendzinas
Authors: Kabała Cezary
Published: November 2018

Following the other pedological societies, the Soil Science Society of Poland has launched a programme „Soil of the Year”, and Rędzina (Rendzina) was selected as the soil inaugurating the programme in 2018. Polish term „rędzina” was internationally popularized by Stanisław Miklaszewski in the second/third decade of 20th century and is present in the most soil classification systems as „Rendzina”, „Rendoll”, or „Rendzic” until now. In the Polish tradition, the rendzinas are soils developed from massive rocks rich in calcite, dolomite or gypsum, quite often with admixtures of glacial/periglacial materials, at all development stages. Contemporary classifications of soils in Poland distinguish four main groups (as the types or sub-types): raw rendzina – Calcaric Lithic / Hyperskeletic Leptosols (a minimal thickness of regolith and an initial development of genetic horizons), proper rendzina – Calcaric Leptosols (medium thick profile, but diagnostic horizons are absent), brown rendzina – Calcaric Skeletic Cambisols (have a diagnostic cambic horizon), and chernozemic/humic rendzina – Rendzic Skeletic Phaeozems (have a diagnostic mollic horizon). Rendzina soils are featured by high content of calcium/magnesium, neutral and alkaline reaction, and high base saturation throughout the soil profile, but the individual soil subtypes differ significantly in their usability for agriculture and forestry, depending on the thickness of the soil profile (i.e. a depth to the hard rock or extremely skeletal subsoil), stoniness, texture, and humus content.
Rendzina soils in the Tatra Mountains, central Europe: a review
Authors: Miechówka Anna , Drewnik Marek
Published: November 2018

The article presents the overview of the rendzinas found in the Polish Tatra mountains based on literature data and unpublished authors results and observations. Particular attention was paid to soil properties related to the high mountain environment in Poland occurring only in the the Tatra Mountains. The influence of soil forming factors on the genesis of rendzinas and their spatial distribution was described. Furthermore the soils properties were analysed in order of distinguished soil units. Finally the proposal for classification of Tatra rendzinas was given.
Pathêt: di Atas Kertas dan di Atas Panggung Wayang Kulit dalam Perspektif Teori Praktik
Authors: Nugraha Christianto Wisma , Haryono Timbul , Lono L. Simatupang G. R. , - Soetarno
Published: November 2018

Pathêt: on the Paper and on the Stage of Shadow Puppet Theater in Practice Theory Perspectif. Researchesabout karawitan focusing on pathêt has given conceptual result which repairs and clarifi es the result of previousresearches, with different paradigms. Some are even repetitive. On the other hand, in the practical level and socialdevelopment, some changes and dynamic art performing paradigm have changed. If the researches and the researchparadigms on this matter cannot accommodate the changes, the result will be static. There have been some pathêtresearches that inspired a critical development of karawitan and performance studies. The result of the researchesimplied a temporal context, demanding revisiting on the temporary context and its relation to non-theoretical matter,partial, practicality, and social reality. A scientifi c construction based on human activity as a practice is neededto construct scientifi c atmosphere to balance social dynamics, performance, and the harmony of gending karawitanrelated to the utilization of pathêt as a part of coherent structure. Social reality of wayang kulit stage is close to theaesthetic and art feel towards karawitan music. Social structure and performance structure in the present time do notalways posses linier relation to the symbolic structure and past aesthetic. Symbolic and aesthetic constructs have theability of symbolic formation and high level of musical appreciation. Therefore, Pierre Bourdieu’s practical critiqueserves as an alternative encouragement reacting to critical pretension towards problem solution and reception ofpathêt in the conceptual and practical level
Teknik Pengelolaan Tenaga: Kajian dalam Koreografi Tunggal
Authors: - Sarjiwo
Published: November 2018

Power Management Techniques: A Study In Choreography Single Dance. This study aims to reveal thepower management techniques in a single choreographic works (solo dance). Data collection techniques used byobservation and interviews. Observations made by looking at and following the staging of activities undertakenby informants/interviewers. While, the interviews were conducted in a structured interview guide that has beenprepared to crawl processed data so that it can be more focused and directed. Collected data were analyzed byqualitative descriptive analysis techniques with management approach. According to this research it can beconcluded that, in order to make good quality of choreography character and good quality of dancer characteristicrequired planning process by conducting exercises diligently. Exercise is necessary for organisms of the body to becapable to performing its function as a medium for optimal expression of dance. The pattern of organization ormotion compotition could not be separated from the planning process that has been made. Each choreographerhas a different way with each other. Activities of implementation related to the power management at the timechoreography displayed, related to the ability of the dancers on the power control, regulate breathing pattern byplacing a breathing pattern as part of the choreography, and management of emotions that are not easily infl uencedby the presence of spectators. Evaluation is required at the time of the cultivation process and after the choreographyform was displayed. Evaluation is needed so that the creation that has been produced not quit on the spot.
Gaya Bernyanyi dengan Teknik Bel Canto: (Re)Konstruksi Subjektivitas Penyanyi Perempuan dalam Pertunjukan Musik
Authors: Gustina Susi , Haryono Timbul , Lono L. Simatupang G.R. , Bramantyo Triyono
Published: November 2018

Bel Canto Singing Technique. This article attempting to understand the subjectivity of a woman singer in musicperformance. The poststructuralist feminist perspective is used to focus on the historical and cultural backgroundof the woman’s experiences. Based on the perspective, the research questions refer to: 1) the application of womansinger’s knowledge and cultural perception in songs reproduction so that she can (re)construct her subjectivity; and2) the intention of woman singer to use Western classical music or seriosa in music performance. The life historymethod is used to understand all the subjective experiences of woman singer based on her perspective. The fi ndingsof this research are: 1) subjectivity (re)construction of a woman singer is depend on her knowledge and culturalperception so that her subjectivity is differ from others; and 2) the difference that a woman singer do in musicperformance is related to her intention, i.e. to struggle a music genre that she loves since in the early of her life.
Eksistensi Legong Keraton: Tradisi dan Kreasi
Authors: Sudewi Ni Nyoman
Published: November 2018

Legong Keraton atau Legong tradisi sebagai produk budaya masa lalu telah memberi kontribusi yang cukupsignifikan bagi pertumbuhan tari di Bali. Kehadirannya yang mengusung prinsip estetik berbeda dari genre tariperiode sebelumnya. Tari Gambuh telah menempatkan Legong Keraton sebagai sumber penciptaan tari. Legongtradisi menjadi sumber penciptaan Legong kreasi. Legong kreasi berarti Legong tradisi yang disajikan dengan carabaru, juga menunjuk pada garap tari palegongan, yaitu tarian yang dalam penciptaannya memanfaatkan elemenelementertentu dari konsep estetika Legong Keraton yang terakumulasi dalam konsep palegongan. Legong tradisiberkembang dan tetap eksis berdampingan dengan variannya yang baru. Pembahasan tentang Legong Keratonini dimaksudkan untuk memahami karakteristik Legong Keraton yang ada dalam cakupan Legong tradisi danperkembangannya menjadi Legong kreasi. Legong Keraton merupakan perpaduan berbagai aspek seperti tema,struktur tari, pola tabuh, dan rias busana, yang diekspresikan penarinya. Masing-masing aspek saling berkaitansehingga Legong dapat diidentifi kasikan sebagai sebuah bentuk tari yang memiliki muatan isi tertentu, mencerminkankeindahan sebuah ekspresi budaya Bali.Kata kunci: Legong tradisi, Legong kreasi, tari Bali.ABSTRACTThe Tradition and Existence of Legong Keraton. Legong Keraton or traditional Legong as a cultural productof the past has undoubtedly contributed signifi cantly to the development of other dances in Bali. Legong Keraton with itsdifferent aesthetic principles is different from the previous dance genre, such as Gambuh. Traditional Legong has become the basis of new creations of Legong. Creations of Legong are also called as creations of Palegongan because those creations use certain elements of the aesthetic concepts of Legong Keraton accumulated in the palegongan concepts. Traditional Legong develops and continues to exist with new variants of Legong. The examination of Legong Keraton aims to understand the characteristics of Legong Keraton that exists within the scope of traditional Legong and its development into the creations of Legong. Legong makes use of various dance elements such as theme, structure of the dance, percussion patterns, and fashionable make-up applied by the dancers. These elements are so intertwined that Legong can be identifi ed as a form of dance that has a specifi c content and refl ects the beauty of Balinese culture.Keywords: Legong dance, Balinese dance, palegongan
A Solution to the Fingering Problem of Brahms Cellos Sonata No. 1 Opus 38 and Shostakovich Cello Sonata Opus 40
Authors: Wirayudha Asep Hidayat
Published: November 2018

The flexibility of fingers is one main factor of responsibility on their spread ability. Considering thecello playing, the spread ability of cellists’ fingers is very important since it has a direct correlation to theirability to play the octave interval. The short- fingers cellists would find difficulties to play the octave intervalsat the first, second, third, and fourth position. Nevertheless, short-fingers are not dead-end for cellist. Thespread ability of finger, up to some extent, might be increasing through practices and exercises. It is with thisspirit that the author proposes some stratagems, which may be used to increase the spread ability of a cellist’sfingers in this section - using the octave interval problems as a case of pint. The discussion on the types andstyles of problem show that even though the octave intervals in Brahms cellos sonata No. 1 opus 38 andShostakovich cello sonata opus 40 are different in details, but fundamentally they are similar: the problemscome from the difficulty of the first and the fourth fingers to reach the proper note when the size and lengthof the fingers are limited.Solusi dari Permasalahan Fingering dalam Brahms Cellos Sonata No.1 Opus 38 danShostakovich Cello Sonata Opus 40. Kemampuan penyebaran jari pemain cello sangat penting karenamemiliki korelasi langsung dengan kemampuan mereka untuk bermain interval oktaf. Jari-jari pendekpemain cello akan menemukan kesulitan untuk bermain interval-interval oktaf di posisi pertama,kedua, ketiga, dan keempat. Namun demikian, kemampuan penyebaran jari, bisa ditingkatkan melaluipraktik dan latihan. Hal tersebut menggugah penulis untuk mengusulkan beberapa siasat baru mengenaikemampuan teknis memainkan interval dan oktav dan persoalan jarak interval dalam konteks Sonatayang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penyebaran jari seorang pemain cello. Meskipuninterval oktaf di Brahms cello sonata No 1 opus 38 dan Shostakovich cello sonata opus 40 berbeda,tetapi pada dasarnya keduanya sama: masalah datang ketika kesulitan terjadi pada jari pertama dankeempat untuk mencapai nada yang tepat ketika ukuran dan panjang jari-jari terbatas.