bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of nickel‐titanium alloy particles on the vibration response and the mechanical properties of carbon fiber laminates
Authors: Cao Meng , Zang Jian , Wang Shuo , Song Xuyuan , Wang Zhijian , Zhang Yewei
Published: September 2024

This study discussed the effects of different contents of Nickel‐titanium alloy particles (NiTip) on the vibration properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and further verified the test results by dynamic mechanical analysis tests while analyzing the effects of NiTip on the thermal stability of CFRP. The test results showed that 1.0 vol% of NiTip was the most effective in reducing the vibration transmission rate of the CFRP while improving its thermal stability. The modal of the CFRP composite cantilever beam is analyzed using the finite element method. In addition, the mechanical properties of CFRP with different NiTip contents were tested, including tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear and impact properties. The test results showed that 1.0 vol% of NiTip was most effective in improving the flexural properties, tensile properties and interlayer shear properties of CFRP. At the same time, 3.0 vol% of NiTip was most effective in improving the impact properties of CFRP. In addition, the fracture surfaces of CFRP reinforced with different NiTip contents were microanalysed to elucidate the enhancement mechanism. This study developed a multifunctional composite material with both vibration damping and high performance. These results provide essential guidelines for the optimal design and application of NiTip reinforced composites in vibration control, structural and aerospace applications.

Highlights

The effects of different Nickel‐titanium alloy particles (NiTip) levels on the vibration and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) were investigated.

The influence of NiTip addition on the loss factor and thermal stability of CFRP was evaluated.

SEM images were used to analyze the influence mechanism of uniform dispersion of NiTip on the reduction of vibration transmission rate of CFRP and the improvement of mechanical properties of CFRP.
Study on mechanical properties of a roadbed rehabilitation polyurethane grouting material after freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Du Mingrui , Fang Hongyuan , Zhang Chao , Zhao Peng , Yao Xupei , Xiao Feng
Published: September 2024

The mechanical properties of roadbed rehabilitation polyurethane grouting material (RhPU) under freeze–thaw cycles are the theoretical basis for evaluating its long‐term performance in cold regions, but are currently not well understood. Freeze–thaw cycle tests were conducted on RhPU grouting materials of different densities using a rapid freezing method to investigate the effects of damage characteristics of RhPU. The experimental results indicate that the frost damage of RhPU is a fatigue failure process from the outside to the inside. During the freeze–thaw cycle, water‐filled cells experience compression damage due to freezing expansion and interconnected, forming more water seepage channels, accelerating the internal damage of RhPU. Therefore, the dynamic elastic modulus, longitudinal wave velocity, rigidity, and compressive strength of RhPU all decrease with an increase in freeze–thaw cycles. Moreover, at the same freeze–thaw cycles, the lower the density of RhPU, the greater the loss rate of the dynamic elastic modulus, longitudinal wave velocity, rigidity, and compressive strength. The square of the longitudinal wave velocity of RhPU samples before and after freeze–thaw cycles correlates well with density, and the longitudinal wave velocity loss rate better quantifies the internal damage of RhPU samples. Through scanning electron microscopy, the microstructure of RhPU after freeze–thaw cycles was observed, revealing that the lower density of RhPU exhibits more severe freeze–thaw damage compared to higher density RhPU, attributed to its larger cell diameter and greater contact area between adjacent cells. This indicates poorer freeze resistance performance for low‐density RhPU.

Highlights

The variations of surface damage of RhPU after freeze–thaw cycles were studied.

The correlation between and density of RhPU after freeze–thaw cycles was found.

The effect of freeze–thaw cycles on mechanical properties of RhPU was analyzed.

The microscale freeze–thaw damage mechanism of RhPU was revealed.
Synchronously enhanced thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of silicone rubber composites filled with the AlN‐PPy‐KH570 multilayer core‐shell hybrid structure
Authors: Yang Ke , Chen Yanru , Dong Hanhai , Jiao Jinqing , Lang Xuqing , Cheng Qingli
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of lithium battery technology is leading to the increasing miniaturization of electronic devices, thereby elevating the demand for dielectric materials with exceptionally high thermal conductivity and dielectric properties. In this study, the composites were fabricated by integrating multilayer core‐shell hybrid structure particles into silicone rubber (SR). These particles were created by attaching the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and the silane coupling agent (KH570) onto the surface of highly thermally conductive ceramic particles aluminum nitride (AlN). The combination of PPy and KH570 serves to enhance the interfacial compatibility between AlN and SR, thereby concurrently enhancing the thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of the composites. The experimental results demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the 50 phr AlN‐PPy‐KH570/SR composite was 0.37 W/(m · K), 1.65 times higher than that of pure SR (0.23 W/(m · K)). Additionally, the dielectric constant of the composite increased to 4.59, 1.32 times that of pure SR (3.48). Moreover, the thermal decomposition temperature of the composite was elevated to 475°C. The synthesized SR composites hold promise for widespread use in miniaturized electronic devices operating in high‐frequency and high‐temperature environments.
Developing and validating perceived intercultural communication anxiety/apprehension scale
Authors: Roohani Ali , Parhizkar Reza , Ostovar Shahla
Published: September 2024

Intercultural communication research has highlighted the significance of intercultural communication apprehension/anxiety measurement and instrument development in diverse sociocultural contexts. This study embarked on developing and validating a scale, the Perceived Intercultural Communication Anxiety/Apprehension Scale (PICAS) in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context. By drawing upon the review of the literature and expert judgment, a Likert scale with 52 items was developed for assessing the construct of intercultural communication anxiety/apprehension, which was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 760 Iranian EFL learners. The ultimate results of exploratory factor analysis evidenced 17 items with a stable five‐factor solution, comprising L2 proficiency, prejudice and stereotypes, significant others' attitudes, status, and context familiarity factors. The subsequent CFA confirmed the five‐factor model. The five‐factor PICAS was found to be psychometrically reliable and valid. Potential applications, future directions, and limitations are finally addressed.
Synthesis and properties of a sustainable, vanillin‐based phthalonitrile resin
Authors: Laskoski Matthew , Brown Loren C. , Kerr Andrew T.
Published: September 2024

The renewable and biosynthetic molecule, vanillin, was used in the preparation of a new phthalonitrile resin (PN), containing two phthalonitrile groups without pre‐modification of the vanillin structure. This PN resin was characterized thoroughly by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, rheometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The monomer exhibited excellent rheometric viscosities below 250 cP at processing temperatures and a good pot life. After complete curing, the PN polymer exhibited thermal stability above 500°C, a glass transition temperature (Tg) above the final postcure temperature of 380°C, and exceptional retention of structural integrity. These results highlight a vanillin‐derived PN resin is an excellent candidate for a variety of applications where high temperature and mechanical stability over a large temperature range are required.
Ventilator variables predicting extubation readiness in extremely premature infants with prolonged mechanical ventilation: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Nguyen Truong An , Matoušek Josef , Kuběna Aleš , Resl Kilián , Kudrna Petr , Dunajová Klára , Plavka Richard
Published: September 2024

Background

The current generation of neonatal ventilators enables periodic storage of set, measured, and calculated ventilatory parameters.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Objectives

To evaluate and identify the ventilatory, demographic, and clinical pre‐extubation variables that are significant for estimating extubation readiness.

Methods

Eligible subjects included premature infants <33 weeks of gestation weaned from mechanical ventilation (MV) lasting >24 h. A total of 16 relevant ventilator variables, each calculated from 288 data points over 24 h, together with eight demographic and three clinical pre‐extubation variables, were used to create the generalized linear model (GLM) for a binary outcome and the Cox proportional hazards model for time‐to‐event analysis. The achievement of a 120‐h period without reintubation was defined as a successful extubation attempt (EA) within the binary outcome.

Results

We evaluated 149 EAs in 81 infants with a median (interquartile range) gestational age of 25+2 (24+3–26+1) weeks. Of this, 90 EAs (60%) were successful while 59 (40%) failed. GLM identified dynamic compliance per kilogram, percentage of spontaneous minute ventilation, and postmenstrual age as significant independent positive variables. Conversely, dynamic compliance variability emerged as a significant independent negative variable for extubation success. This model enabled the creation of a probability estimator for extubation success with a good proportion of sensitivity and specificity (80% and 73% for a cut‐off of 60%, respectively).

Conclusions

Ventilator variables reflecting lung mechanical properties and the ability to spontaneously breathe during MV contribute to better prediction of extubation readiness in extremely premature infants with chronic lung disease.
Ruscogenin Exerts Anxiolytic‐Like Effect via Microglial NF‐κB/MAPKs/NLRP3 Signaling Pathways in Mouse Model of Chronic Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Qi Jing‐yu , Jin Yu‐chen , Wang Xin‐shang , Yang Liu‐kun , Lu Liang , Yue Jiao , Yang Fan , Liu Yong‐sheng , Jiang Yong‐li , Song Da‐ke , Lv Tao , Li Xu‐bo , Zhang Kun , Liu Shui‐bing
Published: September 2024

Long‐term inflammation can cause chronic pain and trigger patients' anxiety by sensitizing the central nervous system. However, effective drugs with few side effects for treating chronic pain‐induced anxiety are still lacking. The anxiolytic and anti‐inflammatory effects of ruscogenin (RUS), an important active compound in Ophiopogon japonicus, were evaluated in a mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain and N9 cells. RUS (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day, i.g.) was administered once daily for 7 days after CFA injection; pain‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors were assessed in mice. Anti‐inflammatory effect of RUS (0.1, 1, 10 μM) on N9 microglia after LPS treatment was evaluated. Inflammatory markers (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, CD86, IL‐4, ARG‐1, and CD206) were measured using qPCR. The levels of IBA1, ROS, NF‐κB, TLR4, P‐IKK, P‐IκBα, and P65, MAPKs (ERK, JNK, and P38), NLRP3 (caspase‐1, ASC, and NLRP3) were detected by Western blotting or immunofluorescence staining. The potential target of RUS was validated by molecular docking and adeno‐associated virus injection. Mice in CFA group exhibited allodynia and anxiety‐like behaviors. LPS induced neuroinflammation in N9 cells. Both CFA and LPS increased the levels of IBA1, ROS, and inflammatory markers. RUS (10 mg/kg in vivo and 1 μM in vitro) alleviated these alterations through NF‐κB/MAPKs/NLRP3 signaling pathways but had no effect on pain hypersensitivity. TLR4 strongly interacted with RUS, and TLR4 overexpression abolished the effects of RUS on anxiety and neuroinflammation. RUS exerts anti‐inflammatory and anxiolytic effects via TLR4‐mediated NF‐κB/MAPKs/NLRP3 signaling pathways, which provides a basis for the treatment of chronic pain‐induced anxiety.
Cover Image
Authors: Zhou Qun , Gao Siqi , Yu Xiaohan , Zhang Linzhang , Zhang Zheng , Fu Yadong , Liu Wei , Mu Yongping , Zhang Hua , Liu Ping , Chen Jiamei
Published: September 2024

The cover image is based on the article Total astragalus saponins attenuate primary sclerosing cholangitis in mice by upregulation of TGR5 by Qun Zhou et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8297.

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Green Synthesis of Quinazolinones via Selective Electro‐oxidation Using Iron Electrode and NaCl Electrolyte as an Eco‐friendly Electrolyte
Authors: Basem Ali , Naglah Ahmed M. , Alaridhee Zaman Abdalhussein Ibadi , Altayeh Aiham O. , Al‐Rubaye Ameer H. , Ugiloy Yusupova , Durbek Usmanov , Berdimurodov Elyor , Almehizia Abdulrahman A. , Zen Amer Alhaj
Published: September 2024

Primary alcohols 2(a–h) and o‐aminobenzamides 1(a–h) can be selectively oxidized electrochemically to yield dihydroquinazolinone 4(a–h) and quinazolinones 5(a–h) in an efficient and chemoselective manner. This methodology employs sodium chloride (NaCl) 3(a) as a co‐catalyst and electricity as the oxidizing agent, utilizing cost‐effective and commercially available materials such as Graphite anode, Iron (Fe) cathode, and isopropyl alcohol (iPrOH) as a solvent and weak base. The synthesis yields various quinazolinone derivatives with diverse structural characteristics in good quantities, showcasing the method‘s broad applicability. This approach facilitates the production of a range of dihydroquinazolinones and quinazolinones (24 examples), highlighting its versatility and compatibility with different functional groups. Characterization of the synthesized derivatives included CHN analysis, 1HNMR spectroscopy, and determination of melting points.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Catalysis: A Pathway to Novel and Selective Chemical Transformations in Condensed Phase
Authors: Jiang Shang , Late Evelyne Kafui Yawa , Jeromé Francois , Amaniampong Prince Nana , Mushrif Samir H.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we review the concept of synergistically using ultrasonic sonochemistry in combination with heterogeneous catalysis, to selectively perform condensed phase chemical transformations. Through specific examples, we highlight that ultrasound induced cavitation bubbles not only provide local high temperature and pressure conditions for initiating chemical reactions but also improves heat, mass and charge transfer characteristics in the system. We also show that sonocatalysis can alter reaction mechanisms and open new activation and reaction pathways that are not intuitive to thermocatalysis. Computational chemistry tools are introduced and are combined with sonocatalysis experimental studies to demonstrate that, in‐situ generated radicals propelled into the bulk liquid solution upon bubbles implosion can be stabilized by catalyst surfaces, while creating active sites for unique reactions during heterogeneous sonocatalytic chemistry. We also report recent examples of condensed phase sonocatalysis applications, including pollutant degradation, chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis and biomass upgrading, and provide mechanistic insights into the process.
A Recyclable Polyimide Derived Hard Carbon as a High‐Performance Negative Electrode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Qian , Wang Xiaojie , Chen Peiting , Ruan Dianbo , Qiao Zhijun
Published: September 2024

Hard carbon, characterized by high ion storage capacity, low operating voltage, and excellent cycling stability, is considered an ideal negative electrode material for sodium‐ion batteries. However, the high cost and low carbon yield of thermosetting precursors limit their practical application in SIBs, while low‐cost and high‐yield raw materials exhibit highly ordered carbon structures and narrow interlayer spacing under high‐temperature carbonization. Discarded polyimide materials are inexpensive, which offer a high carbon yield and possess good thermal stability and thermoplasticity, with functional groups of imide rings (−CO−N−CO−) on their main chains. This study recycled and converted polyimide materials into hard carbon materials from discarded engineering plastics, investigating the influence of carbonization temperature on the degree of graphitization, interlayer spacing, and pore structure of the materials to achieve high reversible sodium storage capacity. After carbonization at 1300 °C, the polyimide material exhibited 319 mAh g−1 reversible capacity and excellent electrochemical performance (with a capacity retention of 91.92 % after 100 cycles at a 0.5 C current rate) and rate performance (up to 242.5 mAh g−1 at 2 C). This study provided a simple, high‐yield, and effective method for the reuse of discarded organic polymers, promoting the sustainable utilization of resources.
Three‐Dimensional Printed Integrated Electrochemical Devices for Various Applications–A Review
Authors: Triveni B. V. , Lalithamba H. S. , Bharath H. S. , Kumar N. V. , Prashanth G. K.
Published: September 2024

Three‐dimensional Printing (3DP) and computer‐assisted design (CAD) are a boon for producing high‐quality analytical and electrochemical devices using low‐cost components. This review briefly explains various 3D printing techniques. The focus is on the fabrication of integrated miniature devices developed through the 3DP process, mainly by the Fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique. Examples of integrated electrochemical devices are presented to highlight the potential of 3DP. Special emphasis is given to surface activation of 3D printed electrodes to enhance their electrochemical activity and various activation methods. This paper discusses the opportunities and future applications in developing all‐in‐one miniature electrochemical devices that might lead to on‐site environmental measurements, point‐of‐care tests, and the development of portable instruments with reduced sample volume.
Carbonization and Gasification of Cow‐Dung and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles at Different Operating Conditions for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Sathish T. , Suresh Kumar P. , Uma Mageswari S. D. , Stalin N. , Pandian R. , Giri Jayant , Atif M. , Prakash Chander , Yusuf Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Cow dung is an abundant agricultural by‐product that poses disposal challenges. Converting this waste into a valuable energy resource aligns with sustainable waste management practices and contributes to a circular economy. This research aims at Cow dung disposal by carbonization and gasification for hydrogen generation and maximizes it by optimizing the process parameters. In the pyrolysis‐carbonization process, the influence of temperature on cow dung and its biochar characteristics was initially investigated. On the cow dung feedstock, different operating temperatures at about 400, 500, and 600 °C and response times of about 30, 60, and 120 min were tested. With CD450 as the feedstock, the gas concentrations and hydrogen yield were around 62 vol% and 0.69 m3 kg−1, respectively, for longer reaction times. Similar to this, the gas concentration and yield value for hydrogen at 600 °C gasification temperature is around 64 vol% and 0.91 m3 kg−1. Cow dung is evidently acceptable for larger hydrogen production at higher gasification temperatures and reaction times when the carbonization temperature is 450 °C. In addition, when compared to feedstock without adding nanoparticles, including Fe3O4 nanoparticles may increase the hydrogen concentration and yield by around 13.5 % and 4.21 %, respectively.
1O2‐Mediated Selective Oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐diformylfuran by Ag/Ag3PO4 under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhu Rui , Li Xinglong
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) through photocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an attractive approach. In this manuscript, a photocatalytic selective oxidation strategy for HMF was developed, using Ag/Ag3PO4 as the photocatalyst and O2 as the oxidizing agent. The prepared catalyst was characterized systematically by SEM, XRD, XPS, UV‐Vis, PL spectra, and so on. In contrast to previous photocatalytic oxidation strategies for HMF conversion, this catalytic system could efficiently generate 1O2 without other reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light irradiation. DFF would be obtained with about 90 % selectivity. Moreover, the exclusive formation of 1O2 was linked to the more positive conduction band potential (+0.90 eV) of Ag/Ag3PO4, confirmed by an array of characterization techniques. Additionally, the stability of the catalyst was assessed through cyclic testing and analyses including XRD, and XPS. Nonetheless, this catalytic system could potentially serve as a robust platform for various selective oxidation reactions in the future, due to its exclusive presence of 1O2 without the involvement of other ROS.
A Facile Preparation of Tetrasubstituted Arylalkenes Catalyzed by p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid Monohydrate (p‐TsOH⋅H2O): Application in the Synthesis of the Intermediate of Tamoxifen
Authors: Sutani Tomohiro , Kimura Nagisa , Nakata Kenya
Published: September 2024

An efficient synthesis of tetrasubstituted arylalkenes was readily achieved by the reaction of α‐(tert‐butyl)benzylic alcohols using p‐toluenensulfonic acid monohydrate as a Brønsted acid. A broad range of substrates was applicable for the reaction in good yield with high regioselectivity. The key intermediate in the synthesis of tamoxifen was produced using the present method as an example, and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed by examining the reaction intermediates.
A Novel 4‐Fluorophenyl Isocyanate Additive Constructing Solid Cathodes‐Electrolyte Interface for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Jinfeng , Qiu Yu , Liao Shengnan , Yue Zhihao , Fang Shan , Zhou Naigen , Li Yong , Jiang Yinzhu
Published: September 2024

Building a stable cathode‐electrolyte interface (CEI) is crucial for achieving high‐performance layered metal oxide cathode materials LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2 (NCM). In this work, a novel 4‐fluorobenzene isocyanate (4‐FBC) electrolyte additive that contains isocyanate and benzene ring functional groups is proposed, which can form robust and homogeneous N‐rich and benzene ring skeleton CEI film on the cathode surface, leading to significant improvement in the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries. Taking LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) as an example, the NCM523/SiO@Graphite pouch full cells with electrolytes containing a mass fraction of 1% 4‐FBC additives demonstrate improved capacity retention after 200 cycles, retaining capacity retention rates of 81.3%, which is much higher than that of 39.1% without additive. The improvement can be ascribed to the mitigation of electrolyte decomposition and inhibition of transition metal ions the dissolution from the cathode material due to the stable CEI film. Moreover, the electrochemical performance enhancement can also be achieved in high voltage and Ni‐rich cathode materials, indicating the universality and effectiveness of this strategy for the practical applications of high energy density lithium‐ion batteries.
Electroactive Nanomaterials for the Prevention and Treatment of Heart Failure: From Materials and Mechanisms to Applications
Authors: Kong Chunyan , Guo Zhen , Teng Teng , Yao Qi , Yu Jiabin , Wang Mingyu , Ma Yulan , Wang Pan , Tang Qizhu
Published: September 2024

Heart failure (HF) represents a cardiovascular disease that significantly threatens global well‐being and quality of life. Electroactive nanomaterials, characterized by their distinctive physical and chemical properties, emerge as promising candidates for HF prevention and management. This review comprehensively examines electroactive nanomaterials and their applications in HF intervention. It presents the definition, classification, and intrinsic characteristics of conductive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric nanomaterials, emphasizing their mechanical robustness, electrical conductivity, and piezoelectric coefficients. The review elucidates their applications and mechanisms: 1) early detection and diagnosis, employing nanomaterial‐based sensors for real‐time cardiac health monitoring; 2) cardiac tissue repair and regeneration, providing mechanical, chemical, and electrical stimuli for tissue restoration; 3) localized administration of bioactive biomolecules, genes, or pharmacotherapeutic agents, using nanomaterials as advanced drug delivery systems; and 4) electrical stimulation therapies, leveraging their properties for innovative pacemaker and neurostimulation technologies. Challenges in clinical translation, such as biocompatibility, stability, and scalability, are discussed, along with future prospects and potential innovations, including multifunctional and stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials for precise HF therapies. This review encapsulates current research and future directions concerning the use of electroactive nanomaterials in HF prevention and management, highlighting their potential to innovating in cardiovascular medicine.
LLMs for science: Usage for code generation and data analysis
Authors: Nejjar Mohamed , Zacharias Luca , Stiehle Fabian , Weber Ingo
Published: September 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have been touted to enable increased productivity in many areas of today's work life. Scientific research as an area of work is no exception: The potential of LLM‐based tools to assist in the daily work of scientists has become a highly discussed topic across disciplines. However, we are only at the very onset of this subject of study. It is still unclear how the potential of LLMs will materialize in research practice. With this study, we give first empirical evidence on the use of LLMs in the research process. We have investigated a set of use cases for LLM‐based tools in scientific research and conducted a first study to assess to which degree current tools are helpful. In this position paper, we report specifically on use cases related to software engineering, specifically, on generating application code and developing scripts for data analytics and visualization. While we studied seemingly simple use cases, results across tools differ significantly. Our results highlight the promise of LLM‐based tools in general, yet we also observe various issues, particularly regarding the integrity of the output these tools provide.
An Encryption Algorithm Based on Public‐Key Cryptosystems for Vector Map
Authors: Tan Tao , Zhang Liming , Liu Shuaikang , Wang Lei
Published: September 2024

As the foundation of information security, encryption technology employs encryption algorithms and keys to transform the vector map into an unrecognizable ciphertext state. Existing encryption algorithms for vector maps rely on symmetric encryption, which poses risks in key management and distribution. Secondly, most existing vector map encryption algorithms cannot encrypt point data. To address these issues, we designed a lossless asymmetric, encryption algorithm for vector maps based on the RSA public key system. Firstly, the integer part of the coordinate value in the vector map is dynamically selected to improve encryption efficiency, and RSA is used to perform asymmetric encryption on this part. Secondly, to achieve the encryption effect of one map and one ciphertext, the information from the vector map itself is used to generate the key for a two‐dimensional chaotic system through the SHA‐512 hash algorithm. Subsequently, a random sequence is generated through the iterative process of the chaotic system to scramble and reorganize the X and Y coordinates of the vector map. The experimental results demonstrate that the asymmetric encryption algorithm is applicable to all types of vector map data and can achieve lossless encryption and decryption. In addition, the algorithm can be applied to various types of geospatial data, such as 3D point clouds and oblique photography 3D models.
Homomorphic Encryption and Collaborative Machine Learning for Secure Healthcare Analytics
Authors: Gandhi Bhomik M. , Vaghadia Shruti B. , Kumhar Malaram , Gupta Rajesh , Jadav Nilesh Kumar , Bhatia Jitendra , Tanwar Sudeep , Alabdulatif Abdulatif
Published: September 2024

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the conventional healthcare system has evolved into a smart healthcare system, offering intelligent prognosis and diagnosis services. However, as the healthcare sector embraces technological advances, concerns about the privacy and security of critical patient data have become more prevalent. Due to adversarial attacks on traditional machine learning (ML), the security of these intelligent systems is increasingly at risk. Collaborative machine learning (CML) and homomorphic encryption (HE) have recently become viable approaches to circumvent the security challenges of healthcare systems. Inspired by the staggering benefits of CML and HE, this research article examines different cryptographic techniques that enable computations on encrypted data while delving into the fundamental ideas of HE. Simultaneously, it explores various frameworks for CML and highlights their potential for decentralized model training. The paper also critically analyses the benefits and challenges of integrating HE with CML, offering insights into safe model aggregation, guaranteeing data privacy, and performance optimization techniques for use in healthcare environments. Further, we delved into pragmatic scenarios and actual implementations, illustrating how the unified framework can improve diagnosis and cooperative research in smart healthcare systems. Lastly, we presented a case study that evaluates different ML algorithms, such as k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR), to secure healthcare analytics. The results show that KNN had the best accuracy of 76.5%, with RF and SVM having an accuracy of 76%. The accuracy for LR is 73.5%, which is lower than all other models. These findings offer insightful information for selecting models that take accuracy and the trade‐off between precision, recall, and F1 score into account. This helps researchers make well‐informed selections for their classification work in securing healthcare analytics.
The Chemical Profile and the Quantification of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules Erchen Decoction Analyzed by Ultra‐High Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method
Authors: Lai Enping , Ning Jinrong , Liu Yiqi , Zhang Yu , Luo Wenhui , Hu Yunguang , Liu Yujie , Liang Ziqi , Li Peipei , Tian Jingyuan , Zheng Guodong , Wei Minyan
Published: September 2024

Traditional Chinese medicine formula granules (TCMFGs) are the advanced dosage forms of the single traditional Chinese herbal decoction pieces, which are widely used for clinical treatment in China. With the clinical application of TCMFG, Erchen decoction (ECD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula treating phlegm–dampness syndrome, is treated as TCM formula granules instead of herb decoction pieces. However, the chemical profiles and chemical consistency between TCM formula granules ECD and herbal decoction pieces are still unclear. To clarify the chemical profiles in TCM formula granules ECD, the ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry technology was used to characterize the chemical profiles of TCM formula granules ECD, and nine characteristic chemical components were further determined. Our exciting finding indicated that a total of 64 components were quantified and glycyrrhizic acid, hesperidin, liquiritigenin, and nobiletin were found to be the major compounds in TCM formula granules ECD and might be the pharmacodynamic material basis of ECD for phlegm–dampness syndrome treatment. The study is to explore the chemical profile and the major compounds quantitatively analysis of TCM formula granules ECD for the first time, which provides a valuable knowledge for the quality control and clinical application on TCM formula granules ECD.
Enhanced Detection of Curcumol in Biological Samples via Acetonitrile‐Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate Salt‐Assisted Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction Coupled With High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Zhao Yucai , Meng Qiuyi , Liang Yuanli , Su Linjing , Xu Jingyan , Chen Zhengyi , Xiong Yuhao
Published: September 2024

Curcumol, a significant bioactive molecule, requires accurate detection methods due to its extensive pharmacological properties. This study develops high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods to detect curcumol and constructs sample pretreatment techniques using salt‐assisted liquid‐liquid microextraction (SALLME). The optimization process focuses on conditions for acetonitrile (ACN) anhydrous sodium sulfate‐assisted liquid‐liquid microextraction. By adding excess anhydrous sodium sulfate to an ACN aqueous solution, ACN precipitates, forming a saturated saline solution and resulting in a two‐phase system. Curcumol, being highly soluble in ACN, separates into and enriches within the ACN phase, achieving effective matrix separation. SALLME demonstrated an enrichment factor of up to 12.4 for curcumol. The extracted ACN is then injected into an HPLC instrument for quantitative detection and analysis. The method exhibited a good linear range (0.5–10.0 µg/mL) and a low detection limit (0.05 µg/mL). The results indicate that curcumol can be effectively separated from complex matrices using this technique. By optimizing salt concentration and temperature, the HPLC method for determining curcumol in biological samples was successfully established, achieving recoveries between 86.2% and 137.6% in spiked urine and blood samples. Furthermore, this method offers rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly sample preparation, promising significant applications in pharmacological and clinical settings.
Load‐path analysis of transverse tensile stresses in multiple‐pile caps
Authors: He Zhi‐Qi , Sami Ullah Muhammad , Liu Gao
Published: September 2024

Strut‐and‐tie modeling (STM) is commonly employed in the design of multiple pile caps in bridge structures. However, the construction of the model can be complicated by manual and experience‐related challenges. Based on load‐path modeling (LPM), this study presents analytical solutions for solving the elastic stress distribution in multiple‐pile caps with various structural configurations. This is accomplished by employing the transparent LPM approach that combines graphical and analytical features. It is found that the LPM is able to capture the distribution of transverse tensile stresses in the bottom region of multiple‐pile caps. At the same time, direct equations are developed to calculate the resultant transverse tension forces in multiple‐pile caps. The LPM results can be used as a quantitative basis for constructing strut‐and‐tie models. Finally, a worked example is provided to show the efficiency of the proposed LPM.
Enhancing Concrete Performance with Waste Foundry Sand Using Ternary Blended Mixes of Ordinary Portland Cement, Silica Fume, and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Yamini Roja S. , Murali K. , Shanthi V. M.
Published: September 2024

Mineral admixtures play an important part in improving the strength characteristics of concrete. This manuscript presents the incorporation of silica fume (SF) and ground granulated blast furnace slag into the concrete mix to decrease the cement content and enhance the strength and concrete's durability. In addition, river sand deposits have started to dry up. Also, eco‐friendly disposal of industrial wastes acts as a major threat to industries. Hence, the use of waste foundry sand (WFS) and M‐sand (MS) as fine aggregate is attempted in this study. In the first phase of this research work, concrete specimens have been prepared by partially replaced cement with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by SF to find their optimum replacements in Ternary Blended Concrete (TBC). In the second phase, concrete specimens replaced with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by WFS for fine aggregate (MS) were prepared and found optimum usage of foundry sand in waste foundry sand concrete (WFSC). In the third phase, a ternary blended green concrete (TBGC) was prepared by partially replaced cement with 30% GGBFS and 10% SF and replaced MS with 30% WFS and conducted strength (flexural strength, compressive and split tensile strength) and durability (acid and sulfate attack) studies. The above combination was found to be a promising way for the development of environmentally friendly concrete.
Polarimetric radar observations of the Jersey tornadic supercell on 1–2 November 2023
Authors: Clark Matthew R.
Published: September 2024

A large tornado and severe hailstorm struck Jersey, Channel Islands, just before midnight on 1–2 November 2023. Radar data are analysed to explore the morphology of the parent supercell thunderstorm. A tornado debris cloud was evident in polarimetric fields, collocated with a reflectivity ‘debris ball’. The debris cloud comprised a small region of exceptionally low correlation coefficient (<0.8) collocated with differential reflectivity ≤0dB. In vertical section, the debris signature comprised a column of low correlation coefficient and high reflectivity that tilted north‐northeast with height and extended to at least 2km above ground level.
Para‐aortic lymph node dissection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for type 4 or large type 3 gastric cancer with extensive lymph node metastasis
Authors: Wada Takeyuki , Yoshikawa Takaki , Honda Shunya , Fujisaki Yurina , Uotani Tomofumi , Kumamoto Yudai , Ogawa Rei , Nishino Masashi , Sakon Ryota , Ishizu Kenichi , Hayashi Tsutomu , Yamagata Yukinori , Seto Yasuyuki
Published: September 2024

Background

D2 and para‐aortic lymph node dissection (PAND) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are reportedly effective for gastric cancer (GC) with extensive lymph node metastasis (ELM), such as para‐aortic nodal metastasis or bulky nodal metastasis, around the major perigastric arteries. However, type 4 and large type 3 tumors were excluded from previous studies, as they are considered special subtypes that easily spread to the peritoneum. Whether or not PAND contributes to the survival of type 4 or large type 3GC with ELM is thus unclear.

Methods

This study examined patients who underwent radical gastrectomy with D2 resection and PAND following NAC between 2002 and 2019. Patients were classified into the normal‐type group and the type 4 or large type 3 group. The overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors were investigated.

Results

Forty‐nine patients were examined and classified into the normal‐type group (34 patients) and type 4 or large type 3 group (15 patients). The 5‐year OS rates of the normal‐type and type 4 or large type 3 groups were 55.5% and 26.7%, respectively. Type 4 or large type 3 tumors were an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis in the multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 2.506, 95% confidence interval: 1.111–5.650, and p = 0.027).

Conclusions

The prognosis of type 4 or large type 3 GC with ELM treated with radical gastrectomy with D2 and PAND after NAC was poor. Type 4 or large type 3 GC with ELM should be treated using a different strategy than the normal type with ELM.
The landscape of lncRNAs in cell granules: Insights into their significance in cancer
Authors: Mathias Carolina , Rodrigues Ana Carolina , Baal Suelen Cristina Soares , de Azevedo Alexandre Luiz Korte , Kozak Vanessa Nascimento , Alves Leticia Ferreira , de Oliveira Jaqueline Carvalho , Guil Sonia , Gradia Daniela Fiori
Published: September 2024

Cellular compartmentalization, achieved through membrane‐based compartments, is a fundamental aspect of cell biology that contributes to the evolutionary success of cells. While organelles have traditionally been the focus of research, membrane‐less organelles (MLOs) are emerging as critical players, exhibiting distinct morphological features and unique molecular compositions. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in MLOs and their involvement in various cellular processes across different organisms. In the context of cancer, dysregulation of MLO formation, influenced by altered lncRNA expression, impacts chromatin organization, oncogenic transcription, signaling pathways, and telomere lengthening. This review synthesizes the current understanding of lncRNA composition within MLOs, delineating their functions and exploring how their dysregulation contributes to human cancers. Environmental challenges in tumorigenesis, such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia, induce stress granules, promoting cancer cell survival and progression. Advancements in biochemical techniques, particularly single RNA imaging methods, offer valuable tools for studying RNA functions within live cells. However, detecting low‐abundance lncRNAs remains challenging due to their limited expression levels. The correlation between lncRNA expression and pathological conditions, particularly cancer, should be explored, emphasizing the importance of single‐cell studies for precise biomarker identification and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
Introduction: Remembering Urban Terror in Europe—Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Memorialisation, Narratives, and the Politics of Memory
Authors: Karcher Katharina , Dimcheva Yordanka , Parkes Mia , Toribio Medina Mireya
Published: September 2024

Taking the 2004 bombings in Madrid’s Atocha Station as a case study, this chapter introduces and explores the central themes of the work that follows: the narrating, remembering, and forgetting of terror attacks across Europe between 2004 and 2019. The aim of this volume is to offer ‘thick descriptions’ (Geertz, 1973) of the material, cultural, and political impact of this violence. As such, this introduction offers an initial contextualisation of the debate surrounding political violence in Europe—including state violence, mass atrocities, epistemic violence, and urban attacks—and proposes that the ways in which we remember such violence is a question not only of Europe’s past, but also one of re-imagining its potential futures. In particular, considering questions of politics and power, this chapter explores the definitions of ‘terror’ and ‘terrorism’ as concepts, and aims to show that these labels should be studied as both political and cultural phenomena. Finally, this introduction also contextualises the use of art throughout the volume, suggesting that works of art may be understood as a new means through which terror and violence can be remembered, imagined, and commemorated across Europe.
‘He Must Continue Living Through Us’: The Role of Living Memorials in Continuing Bonds with the Deceased in the Aftermath of Terrorist Violence in France (2015–2016)
Authors: Dimcheva Yordanka
Published: September 2024

Two of the deadliest terrorist attacks committed in France—the 13 November 2015 Paris attacks and the 14 July 2016 attack in Nice—have sent unprecedented shockwaves throughout the country and been the subject of numerous commemorative practices ranging from spontaneous memorials to state-led projects such as the inauguration of a memorial-museum and a memorial garden in tribute to the victims. While inert memorials and public commemorative events have attracted vast public and media attention, individual affect-laden practices of remembrance have rarely been considered (e.g. Allen and Brown 2011). Little attention has also been paid to the role such embodied forms of memorialisation play in supporting bereaved families in finding meaning in their experiences of loss and coming to terms with grief. Based on phenomenological interviews with bereaved parents in the aftermath of terrorism in France, this chapter aims to expand our understanding of memorialisation beyond the traditional memorial space and argues that affective memory-making labour does not only contribute to the enduring remembrance of the lost loved one, but also presents a way of continuing bonds with the deceased as part of the individual grief process.
Articulation
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas
Published: September 2024

Articulation as the distinguishing and combining of tones (I. Braudo) and as semiotic organisation (A. J. Greimas). Articulation as the understanding and interpretation of text (P. Ricoeur, L. Wittgenstein). The means of articulation: metric, rhythmic and emotional accents (J. Cage, A. Pazovskiy).
Interpretation (the Main Form of the Manifestation of Music)
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas
Published: September 2024

Based on the author’s course at the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre. 16.1. The Origin and Meaning of Interpretation. The work exists as a possibility of an undefined set of interpretations: so long as it exists like this, it exists not for us; we only make it our own through interpreting it (A. Maceina). Before something becomes interpretable, it first has to be understood. Performance vs. interpretation. Hermeneutics, exegesis and interpretation. Whoever wants to understand a text projects a meaning of the whole (H. Gadamer), as well as the sequence of musical events—the narration. Lived experience (Erlebnis) and understanding (W. Dilthey). Interpretation and style. 16.2. Interpretation as Action. Cohesion of person and action must be present in interpretation (K. Wojtyla). To actualise a work calls for interpretation, i.e. the transformation of a musical work from its situation of potential into real being. 16.3. The Specific Character of Musical Interpretation. Exteriorisation is a prerequisite for the performer who wants to become an interpreter: without understanding “what” the work is speaking “about”, we cannot find adequate means of expressing the “what” (M. Heidegger, P. Ricoeur, R. Steiner; V. Daujotytė). The rare example of essays by another professional musician, A. Cortot. 16.4. Is a Single True Interpretation Possible? The author’s criticism of the position that a musical work is the communication of a particular fact, which cannot have multiple meanings (A. Šliogeris; H. Gadamer, G. Steiner). Existence of a standard interpretation would question creativity. The text is always the same, but it is revealing itself in a different way depending on a person’s changing experience (A. Šliogeris). If the composer performs their own work, they become just one of a number of interpreters. The creativity of the performer is stimulated by the conditionality of marking of the composer‘s intentions. 16.5. Identity (Invariance). Remarks on the limits of interpretive freedom. When a work is interpreted, the main elements of the work are preserved: the melody, the harmony, the rhythmic design, although both the melody and the rhythm acquire new features. The variation of the work in the process of interpretation must preserve features and qualities which do not jeopardise the idea of the work. 16.6. The Whole and the Detail. Structural analysis: the whole (of a musical work) is not the sum of its parts: they are dependent on it, and on it having been understood. The form is a particular totality of intonations, which dictates its expressions from within. “Hermeneutic circle”: the parts, determined by the whole, determine this totality as well. Harmonising all the particulars with the whole is the criterion of correct understanding (H. Gadamer). Entelechy: the intonational potential of the work is turned into reality through the act of interpretation.