bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of lumbar disc herniations in adults with low back pain in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Anyanwu Godson E. , Ekwunife Remigius T. , Iyidobi Emmanuel C. , Nwadinigwe Cajetan U. , Ekwedigwe Henry C. , Agu Augustine U. , Agbo Emmanuel O.
Published: December 2019

Background: Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is used to describe a spectrum of anatomical abnormalities involving disc extension beyond the interspace. It follows a tear in the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc. It is one of the most common causes of low back pain among adults. The study aims to assess the epidemiological pattern of lumbar disc herniations among adults with low back pain in Enugu urban.

Methods: The study was a prospective study at National Orthopedic Hospital Enugu and Annunciation Specialist Hospital Enugu. Following ethical approval and written informed consent, patients who met the inclusion criteria were consecutively recruited. The MRI scans of the participants were viewed using DICOM® (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) software on laptop computer. The data included the patients’ demographics, functional disability index for back pain, weight, height, the anatomical level(s) and site(s) of the herniated disc among other parameters.

Results: A total of 81 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. The mean age of the subjects is 52.99±13.13 years. The most common affected age group is 51-60 years (27.2%). Majority of the subjects (68; 84%) had multiple level herniations which usually includes L4 level(74; 91.4%).

Conclusions: That multilevel lumbar disc herniation is far more common than single level herniation with a prevalence of 84% among adults with low back pain in Enugu urban. That, there is statistically significant association of lumbar disc herniation and increasing age.
Effect of sagittal imbalance on functional disability in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis
Authors: Maloth Ramdas
Published: December 2019

Background: Deformity of spine in sagittal plane is a major cause of pain and disability among patients presenting with low back pain to spine clinic. We have studied the effect of spinal sagittal imbalance on functional disability in these patients.

Methods: Cross sectional observational study in 50 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis of more than 45 years age group study done in period of1 years. Subjects underwent standing lateral radiographs of the spine in a relaxed position, facing forward, with their knees maximally extended and their arms raised horizontally forward resting on a support. 2 radiographic films are stitched at baseline using digital radiograph operating console (DROC) software.

Results: In our study out of 50 patients we observed female preponderance, female:male 3:1, degenerative spondylolisthesis more commonly involves L4-L5 level (46 patients). 58% of patients with severe degenerative spondylolisthesis. There is significant correlation between sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and severity (p=0.015) in both grade 1 and grade 2 DS, there is significant correlation between pi and functional disability (p=0.001 and 0.010 respectively) it is found that pelvic tilt with p=0.02 and sagittal vertical axis with p value 0.036 are the two most significant variables at the end of backward elimination analysis.

Conclusions: Sagittal imbalance is seen in degenerative spondylolisthesis which needs further evaluation with spinopelvic parameters. Pelvic incidence and sagittal vertebral axis are important determinants of functional disability in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Individuals with high pelvic incidence and more lumbo pelvic kyphosis showed more functional disability compared to others.
Posterior short segment spinal fixation in unstable fractures of the thoraco lumbar spine: radiological and neurological outcome assessment
Authors: S. Saju , Jacob Tigy Thomas
Published: December 2019

Background: A major dilemma still exists regarding management of unstable fractures of thoraco lumbar region. A posterior short segment spinal fixation without bone grafting improves spinal alignment, early ambulation and subsequent decrease in complications arising out of prolonged bedrest.

Methods: A total of 30 patients presenting at the Accident and Emergency Department meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. A complete neurological and radiological assessment was done preoperatively, immediate post operatively and after 6 months using Frenkels grade system and Denis pain scale and Denis work scale respectively.

Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the initial kyphosis of the injured vertebra as compared to immediate postoperative period (p<0.0001), Improvement in neurological status was statistically significant at 6 month follow up (Z=4.355, p=0.00). Functional assessment revealed that 47% of the subjects experienced a minimal pain with a mean pain score of 1.9 with a mean functional score of 3.83 at the final follow up.

Conclusions: Our study shows that short segment spinal fixation in unstable fractures of the thoraco lumbar spine provides a comparable neurological and functional outcome and is a reliable management option.
Use of proximal humerus internal locking system plate in proximal humerus fractures and its relation with the functional outcome
Authors: G. S. Prasanna Kumar , Mane Akash V. , Yadav Amit Kumar , Harsoor Abhishek , Manna Jithsen
Published: December 2019

Background: Proximal humerus fractures are the fractures occurs at or proximal to the surgical neck of the humerus, which accounts for 7% of all fractures and 80% of all humeral fractures. Now a days most of these fractures are managed with internal fixation because of better availability of anatomical plates. The aim was to assess the functional outcome and complications of proximal humerus fractures treated with proximal humerus internal locking system (PHILOS).

Methods: This is a prospective study of 30 patients with two, three, and four parts proximal humerus fractures treated with proximal humerus internal locking sysyem from 2016 to 2018 with 25 to 80 years of age in a tertiary care hospital. Functional outcome is assessed by using constant murley shoulder scoring system.

Results: Functional outcome as per constant score, 10 patients (33%) got excellent outcome, 06 patients (20%) got very good outcome, 07 patients got (23%) good outcome, 05 patients got (17%) fair outcome and 02 patients got (07%) poor outcome. Complications observed were superficial infections, implant failure and axillary nerve neuropraxia.

Conclusions: Open reduction and internal fixation by using PHILOS is the ideal method in treating displaced proximal humerus fractures mainly in two and three part proximal humerus fractures which provides stable fixation and less complications.
Giant cell tumour of the flexor tendon sheath of the hand
Authors: Mallik M. R. , Nayak S. S. , Maharaj R. C. , Mishra N. R. , Chand D. K. , Chaterjee A.
Published: December 2019

Background: Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath is a benign soft tissue lesion most commonly found in the flexor aspect of hand and wrist. Recurrence of the tumor is common even after excision.

Methods: It is an observational study where we present a review of 10 cases for which excision was done and were kept for regular follow up for minimum 6 months.

Results: No recurrences noted in our series with minimum six months to maximum two years follow-up though review literature shows 10-40% recurrence rates.

Conclusions: Complete excision with regular follow up care is indicated for this neoplasm due to its high propensity towards recurrence. The most important factor deciding recurrence pattern is incomplete excision and leaving behind satellite nodules.

 
Prospective study of prognosis of intertrochanteric fractures with lateral wall involvement as compared to intertrochanteric fractures with intact lateral wall
Authors: Bansal Amit
Published: December 2019

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures with fracture lateral wall (FLW) are biomechanically unstable fractures.

Methods: 40 patients who met inclusion criteria underwent surgery. Post-operatively patients were followed up for a minimum period of 24 weeks. Radiological and functional assessment was done post-operatively. Endpoints of fracture were studied thoroughly.

Results: Secondary lateral wall fractures were common than primary lateral wall fractures. Functional outcome was found to be poor in FLW than intact lateral wall (ILW) group (p=0.01). HHS of ILW fracture was 70, while in FLW it was 46. Displacement was found to be a better radiological parameter to assess reduction quality (p=0.02) than neck shaft angle. Implant position with Cleveland method was found to be a better predictor of fixation quality than tip apex distance. There were 6 (15%) mechanical failures. Screw cut out (3 cases) found to be most common mechanical complication (7.5%). There were four failures (33%) in FLW. Secondary lateral wall fractures were found to have poor prognosis than primary lateral wall fractures. A2.3 was found to have more chance of conversion to A3 due to thinned out lateral wall. Many of them happened when DHS was the implant of choice (60%).

Conclusions: Functional outcome of FLW is poor than ILW. Secondary lateral wall fractures have worse prognosis than primary lateral wall fractures. Fragment specific fixation is difficult in secondary lateral wall fractures as compare to primary lateral wall fracture, due to higher comminution.
A prospective study on clinical outcome of humerus shaft fracture and nonunion treated with antero medial plating
Authors: Kaki Deepak , Thalambedu Naveen Babu , Malagan Sunil , Gudaru Karthik , Gudaru Jagadesh
Published: December 2019

Background: Humeral shaft fractures have an incidence of 13 per 100000 per year and account for 3% of total fractures. The following study is carried out with intention for determining and verifying facts around plate osteosynthesis on anteromedial surface of humerus through anterior approach.

Methods: This is a prospective study of 38 patients presenting with humerus shaft fracture and non-union to the Balaji Institute of Surgery Research and Rehabilitation for the Disabled (BIRRD) from April 2015 to March 2016. Inclusion criteria were age>18 years, acute humerus shaft fractures and nonunion of humerus shaft. Exclusion criteria were undisplaced fractures, fractures associated with neurovascular injury, compound and pathological fractures, infected non unions. The functional outcome was graded based on the QuickDASH score. Fisher’s exact test was used to find the association between categorical data.

Results: Clinical union was noted in 87% of the patients and radiological union in 74% at the end of three months. The average time period required to achieve union was 13.57 weeks. Based on Quick DASH score, 66% of them had excellent outcome, 24% had good outcome, 10% had fair outcome, and none had poor outcome.

Conclusions: It may be concluded that, anteromedial plating through anterior approach for the treatment of humerus shaft fractures and non union leads to a satisfactory functional outcome in most of the patients. Most of the fractures were united by 3 months with good range of motion of shoulder and elbow.
Evaluation of curettage, synthetic bone grafting and fixation with implant in benign osteolytic and cystic lesions of long bones in children and young adults
Authors: Ghosh Tapas Kumar , Banik Rajeeb , Bhattacharjya Bijoy
Published: December 2019

Background: Curettage is one of the most common treatment options for benign lytic bone tumors and cystic lesions. In children and young adults, the resultant defect is usually filled with synthetic bone graft, which is a natural calcium phosphate hydroxyappatite (HA) in crystalline ceramic form.

Methods: Sixteen cases of benign lytic and cystic lesions of bone were managed by simple curettage and grafting using hydroxyappatite blocks. Displaced pathological fractures or impending peritrochanteric fractures were fixed by implant. Commercially available HA was used for this purpose. Mean duration of follow up was 17.5 months (range 12 –30 months). Mean patient age was 11.2 years (range 6–20 years). Radiological staging of graft incorporation was done as per criteria of Irwin et al.

Results: Among 16 cases, 2 patients presented with non-ossifying fibroma and 2 patients with simple bone cyst, 12 cases were aneurysmal bone cyst. 5 patients had pathological fracture. Healing of lesion and graft incorporation is seen in all of the cases. At 6 months of follow up 3 cases were in Irwin stage III, 9 cases were in Irwin stage II and 4 cases were in Irwin stage I. At final follow up 10 cases were in Irwin stage III and rest was in Irwin stage II. No recurrence seen till date.

Conclusions: We conclude that meticulous curettage and filling of bone cavity by calcium phosphate hydroxyappatite and fixation with implant in displaced pathological fracture or impending fracture is the procedure of choice of management of benign lytic lesions of bone.
Open reduction of carpometacarpal fracture dislocations: a case report
Authors: Singh Surya Vijay , Puri Gyanendra , Chopra Rajesh K. , Kuppusamy Nivendiran , Samanta Pritam , Goel Lakshay
Published: December 2019

Dislocations of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joints are uncommon injuries. Up to 70% of carpometacarpal dislocations are missed or misdiagnosed. Post traumatic dislocation of carpal and CMC joint results most commonly due to high energy trauma. A 24 year old male with right hand dominant presented 5 days after in emergency room with alleged history of fall from 4 feet height on right hand with wrist in extension. On clinical examination revealed marked swelling over dorsum of right hand with wound over volar aspect of hand. There was minimal movement of fingers due to pain. There was no finger paresthesia. CRT was normal. Radiography revealed a volar dislocation of 2nd to 5th CMC joint with intra-articular fracture of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb. He was treated by open reduction and percutaneous fixation using Kirschner wires. The functional results were excellent at 6 months of follow-up.
A rare case of plasma cell osteomyelitis with atypical presentation
Authors: Meghalamane Mallikarjuna Reddy Rowdur , Kumar Alla Vasanth , Avinash Gandham Satya , Surendra Yellapu
Published: December 2019

Plasma cell osteomyelitis is an uncommon type of localized chronic osteomyelitis which is characterized by the absence of typical clinical features of infection. It usually affects the metaphysis of long bones and presents as dense thickening of bone without sequestrum formation. We present an atypical case of plasma cell osteomyelitis with a lesion in the diaphysis of long bone and sequestrum formation. A 23 year old male patient came to our OPD with complaint of pain in mid-thigh radiating to the left knee since 2 months. X-ray showed radiolucencies in the medulla of middle third of shaft of femur along with a linear sequestrum suggestive of chronic osteomyelitis. An open biopsy was performed and surgical curettage was done. Histopathological examination was consistent with plasma cell osteomyelitis. Chronic plasma cell osteomyelitis is a rare condition with nonspecific findings and an unclear cause. Histopathology is the definitive tool for obtaining a diagnosis. Knowledge of this condition and proper management can give a better outcome, at the same time avoiding unnecessary investigations and procedures.
Simple and effective method to protect from toxic fumes of methyl methacrylate (bone cement) in operation theatre
Authors: E. G. Mohan Kumar , G. M. Yathisha Kumar , Noorudheen Mohammed , Kumar Ajay
Published: December 2019

Methyl methacrylate is a monomer of acrylic resin widely used in a variety of medical, dental, and industrial applications. Its extensive use in surgery, particularly for arthroplasties, has often raised concerns regarding potential human toxicity for orthopaedic surgeons, surgical nurses, and other operating-room staff who are occupationally exposed to the compound.
A study of clinical spectrum of patterns of cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Gangaiah Narendra , Thimmappa Veena , Gajam Harish Kumar , Kumar Naveen
Published: December 2019

Background: Adverse drug reactions are unwanted pharmacodynamic effects following administration of a drug. With an increase in number of newer drugs adverse drug reactions have become very common in recent times. Among them cutaneous reactions have been steadily gaining importance and constitute a major proportion of all the adverse drug reactions.

Methods: This observational study was conducted at Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Hospital Tumkur, Karnataka, India, involving 73 patients with cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR) during November 2016 to May 2018. The aim of the study is to identify the causal drug and categorised into definite/probable/possible Naranjo Algorithm scale was used.

Results: The mean age of study participants was 35 years. Majority of cases observed had fixed drug eruptions (FDE: 37%), followed by maculo papular drug reaction (MPDR: 26%). Antimicrobials (42%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs: 26%), anticonvulsants (9.5%) were commonly implicated drugs causing CADR. Among those with FDE, definite causality was highest for NSAIDs (9.6%) predominantly paracetamol whereas in MPDR definite causality was noted with anti-tubercular drugs (rifampicin 1.4%) and probable causality was highest for cephalosporins (5.5%) predominantly cefpodoxime. In present study it was observed female patient aged ≥35 years showed statistically significant mucosal involvement and past history of CADRs.

Conclusions: A wide range of clinical spectrum of CADRs ranging from FDE to serious toxic epidermal necrolysis was observed. Most of these drug eruptions were caused by antimicrobials. Eliciting past history of CADRs with causal association will help to prevent and manage cases in a better way.
Clinico-epidemiological study of facial hyper-melanoses among patients attending dermatology outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital at Pondicherry
Authors: Rao Chitralekhya , Paqurissamy Oudeacoumar , J. Govardhan , Medasani Varsha
Published: December 2019

Background: Hypermelanoses involving predominantly the face and the neck is relatively common and often presents a complex diagnostic problem. The present study titled “Clinico-epidemiological study of facial hyperpigmentation” was done in the study population of 500 patients of facial pigmentation, attending the skin outpatient department in AarupadaiVeedu Medical College and Hospital from October 2015 to September 2017.

Methods: Aim and objective of the study was to study various clinical patterns of facial pigmentation, their clinical characteristics, their association with other pigmentary disorders and to evaluate the different etiotogical and precipitating factors. A special proforma was prepared. Patients were thoroughly interviewed and examined to find out dermatological and systemic diseases and they were subjected to investigations to evaluate different etiological factors and diagnose the clinical type of facial pigmentation.

Results: The present study showed a strong female preponderance. Among the total study population there were 55% cases of melasma, 20% cases of Riehls melanosis, 10% cases of periorbital pigmentation and 5% of miscellaneous causes.

Conclusions: Facial pigmentation was commonly seen in the females. 21-30 years age group was the most commonly affected age group in all types of facial pigmentation. Melasma, Riehls melanosis and periorbital pigmentation were the most common clinical types of facial pigmentation observed.
Evaluation of newer imidazoles in dermatophytosis
Authors: Nakka Annie Ratnam , Bommakanti Janardhan , Karumuri Siva Rami R. , Thambisetti Naresh B.
Published: December 2019

Background: Eberconazole, a newer Imidazole derivative, antimycotic drug. Similarly, sertaconazole and luliconazole are also newer antifungal which all exhibit fungicidal, fungistatic and anti-inflammatory actions. But, sertaconazole in addition have antipruritic effect also.

Methods: Randomized, open-labelled, prospective study comprising of 75 patients divided into three equal groups A, B, C of 25 patients each. Group A received eberconazole 1%, Group B received sertaconazole 2% and Group C received luliconazole 1% for twice daily topical application for 4 weeks. Patients were asked to review at 2nd and 4th week to record clinical and mycological cure.

Results: In this study out of 75, seventy patients completed the complete course of treatment whereas, five patients were not reported for review citing personal reasons. Parameters included are pruritus, erythema, scaling and vesicles in all three groups. In this study, marked relief of pruritus was achieved clinically with eberconazole (72.7%) followed by luliconazole and sertaconazole with 50.0% and 33.3% respectively at 4th week of treatment phase and reduction of scaling was achieved more with eberconazole (90.9%), sertaconazole (87.5%) and luliconazole (83.3%). All three groups of patients showed successful mycological cure by confirming with negative 10% potassium hydroxide examination at the end of treatment course.

Conclusions: Eberconazole 1% cream was better than sertaconazole 2% cream and luliconazole 1% cream in relieving symptoms like pruritus and scaling at the end of treatment phase and follow up.
Clinicoepidemiological study of chronic urticaria in a government tertiary care centre in South India
Authors: Vijayabhaskar C. , Venkatesan S.
Published: December 2019

Background: According to the consensus statement 2017, urticaria is a common skin condition with a lifetime prevalence of 22% and point prevalence of 1%. This study aims to study the clinico epidemiological presentation of chronic urticaria in patients attending a govt. tertiary care center and to assess absolute eosinophil count.

Methods: This observational study was conducted in patients with chronic urticaria presenting to the outpatient clinic of Dermatology department. Patients details including demographics, clinical manifestations, investigations, associated comorbidities, and therapeutic were collected.

Results: Chronic urticaria is commonly present in females-appears commonly in 4th decade but patients present to tertiary care center only in 5th decade-duration was less than 1 year in males, but it was equally between 1-2 and 2-4 years in females. Ear, nose, throat and dental involvement are negligible and common comorbidities are diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypothyroidism. 42% of patients present with more than normal absolute eosinophil count.

Conclusions: Chronic urticaria was common in females with 5th decade being the common age of presentation to the tertiary care center and 4th decade being the common age of disease onset. Paediatric population is less affected. Common comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypothyroidism are to be ruled out. Raised absolute eosinophil count has to be looked for.
Leveraging intrinsic resources for the protection of health information assets
Authors: Kativu Kevin Tatenda , Pottas Dalenca
Published: December 2019

The prevailing state of rural economies continues to constrain the use of digital applications for improved healthcare. These constraints are attributed to the unavailability of key infrastructure and financial resources. Moreover, a prevailing shortage of skilled health workers highlights the critical role digital solutions have to play in alleviating health service delivery challenges. Resource-constrained settings need secure low cost and long shelf-life solutions that leverage existing resources to provide adequate and secure health services. The objective of this paper is to identify the existing resources that can be engaged in the protection of the broader health information assets (including digital applications). To meet the objective, a single case study was conducted. Questionnaires were distributed to twenty-five Community Health Workers to identify existing stressors and resources in the context. The paper leads with a description of resource-constrained settings, highlights the challenges facing healthcare systems in these contexts and emphasizes the need for health information asset protection. The findings, recommendations and conclusions are subsequently presented. The contribution of this paper is a set of recommendations for improving health information asset protection in resource-constrained settings as informed by stressors and resources identified in the case study.
The Design and the implementation of a robust scheme to combat the effect of malicious nodes in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc networks
Authors: Mapunya Sekgoari Semaka , Velempini Mthulisi
Published: December 2019

Cognitive radio network, which enables dynamic spectrum access, addresses the scarcity of radio spectrum caused by ever-increasing demand for spectrum. Cognitive radio technology ensures the efficient utilisation of underutilised licenced spectrum by secondary users (SU). Secondary users, sense the radio environment before utilising the available spectrum to avoiding signal interference. The SU cooperatively sense the spectrum to ensure global view of the network. unfortunately, cooperative sensing is vulnerable to Byzantine attacks whereby SU falsify the spectrum reports for selfish reasons. Hence, this study proposes the implementation of a scheme to combat the effects of Byzantine attack in cognitive radio network. The proposed scheme, known as the extreme studentized cooperative consensus spectrum sensing (ESCCSS), was implemented in an ad hoc cognitive radio networks environment where the use of a data fusion centre (DFC) is not required. Cognitive radio nodes perform their own data fusion making spectrum access decisions. They fuse their own reports with reports from neighbouring nodes. To evaluate the performance of our scheme and its effectiveness in combating the effect of byzantine attack, comparative results are presented. The comparative results show that the ESCCSS outperformed the Attack-Proof Cooperative Spectrum Sensing scheme.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS IN SOCIAL POLICY REPRESENTATION
Authors: Hajiyev Javid
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study: In modern conditions, communications play a decisive role. The information has become a “product” not only in the economic and political areas, but also in quite unexpected institutions of the post-industrial society (humanitarian, social or public, and cultural). In the article, the authors present the role of media communications in the representation of social policy and analyze experience gained from the interaction of media communications and social policy. Methodology: In the study’s practical section based on expert monitoring of articles in the printed media and the Internet, the authors analyze possibilities and prospects of institutionalization of media communications in social policy representation. Main Findings: Besides, in the study, the authors define a list of priority social topics in the publications under analysis and various aspects of media activities that influence the probability of representation of social policy by media communications. In the study, the authors indicate requirements for the responsible social position of a media professional and present policy and role diversity of media communications in the course of institutionalization.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METACOGNITIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES AND PROFICIENCY IN EFL CLASSROOM IN CHILE
Authors: Ranjan Ranjeeva , Philominraj Andrew , Kumar Gaurav
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study: The main aim of the present study is to analyze and explain the use of metacognitive strategies in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Chile. To comprehend the metacognitive strategy usage of EFL learners, Oxford´s (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) was used in this study.
Methodology: The present research is a quantitative study within the characteristics of the descriptive correlational framework in which the metacognitive strategies used by participants were examined in a university EFL setting. Further, the mid-semester grades were used for quantifying proficiency to see the correlation between proficiency and the use of metacognitive strategies.
Main Findings: Results showed that the participants used metacognitive strategies more frequently with an average use of 4.16. Two groups of strategies showed a positive relationship with language performance; cognitive (r=.26) and metacognitive strategies (r=.585). The measured R² (coefficient of determination) was found to be .342 which means 34% of the variance for the language proficiency of the participants was explained by metacognitive strategy use.
Applications of this study: The results of this study can be applied by the language teachers in their classroom teaching practices and by researchers for furthering their research in the field of language learning strategies. It can also be used by the students to facilitate their learning process.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The present study is a contribution to our understanding of how the learners use metacognitive skills and strategies in learning a foreign language. Language teachers can use these strategies in their classroom for successful learning.
NATIONAL AND CULTURAL REALIAS OF TRANSLATIONS INTO TATAR
Authors: K. Yerbulatova Ilmira , N. Kirillova Zoya , Sahin Liaisan
Published: December 2019

Purposes: This article is devoted to the study of realityн translation, the identification of the main types and difficulties of translation based on the material of literary works translated from Russian into Tatar.

Implication/Application: Among the objective difficulties of the works of Russian writer translation into the Tatar language, one can note the mismatch of Russian and Tatar words or phrases expressing realities. It is especially difficult to translate those words and expressions that are close in meaning, but differ in “volume”.

Results: The authors show the dependence of translation strategy choice on external sociocultural and pragmatic factors. The study also found out what problems may arise during the transfer of realities in translation, and the main difficulties are highlighted that arise during the translation of realities, in particular, during the absence of an equivalent, correspondence or analogue in the translated language, the need to convey not only the meaning of reality but also its color.

Novelty: In our work, the essence of the realities was determined, the main aspects of reality transfer during translation were analyzed, the types of correspondences by a value between the realities, which can be grouped into three main ones, are considered: full, partial correspondence and its absence.
INTEGRATION OF FACEBOOK MESSENGER IN THE ENGLISH LITERATURE CLASSROOM: LEARNERS’ ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Nafea Farhan Raed , Shah Yusoff Zailin
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate learners’ attitudes and perceptions toward the integration of online discussion forum via Facebook Messenger into the EFL/ literature classroom.

 Methodology: For this research, a convenience sampling method was used to collect 45 samples through a questionnaire to gauge learners’ attitudes and perceptions of using the online discussion forum for learning the literature from those who are incorporated for group discussions on the course’s prescribed novel, Lord of the Flies. The research data was analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20.

Main Findings: The results of the experimental study revealed that the respondents’ positive attitudes towards the integration of ODF (Overall Mean = 4.03, SD = 0.84) and perceptions on the effects of online discussion forum on learning the novel were revealed (Overall Mean = 3.99, SD = 0.87). Thus, this study proposes an online discussion forum as an invaluable element to enhance the teaching of the literature component in the EFL classroom.

Applications: This study proposes ODF as an invaluable element to enhance the teaching of the literature component in the EFL/ ESL classroom based on the learners’ positive attitudes and perceptions. It is conducted at the University of Anbar in Iraq. Undergraduate EFL learners who were enrolled in the English language course at the Department of English, College of Education for Humanities participated in the study. It can be used by literary students, from universities and other literary centers.

Novelty: Industrial revolution 4.0 requires a shift from face-to-face lecture approach to a technology-enhanced environment whereby learners can take responsibility for their own learning through collaboration, critical discussion, and negotiation. Taking up this challenge, online discussion forum (ODF) via Facebook Messenger was first introduced into the EFL literature classroom at the University of Anbar, Iraq to replace the predominantly used traditional approach.
Dimension of Migration – Challenge or Concern for European Future?
Authors: Nová Monika
Published: December 2019

Migration is a significant process through which the dynamics of population on the move substantially affect the long-term development of mankind. During the recent sixty years, a host of citizens of the world have enjoyed improvements in the key indicators of development, such as the life expectancy and access to education and/or medical services, though, admittedly, this rule does not apply to all countries and all regions. Relying on her argument on historical facts complemented by current events, the author of the paper presents the chosen subject of migration as it relates to the European future and to the demographic patterns of migration. The article deals with the current wave of migration – it is about integration and people on the road. The arguments that the author puts forward rely, inter alia, on her personal experience gathered in a refugee camp a.k.a. the hotspot.
Calculating Cultural Ecosystem Services as part of Greenspace Management?
Authors: Gavitt Jocelyn M. , Smardon Richard C.
Published: December 2019

Lake related greenspace provides many benefits to residents and visitors, which often get unnoticed. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Project (2005) proposed the valuation of ecosystem services, defined as regulatory, provisional, ecosystem support, providing cultural services from natural resources, free of charge. The challenge here is: How can we use cultural ecosystem services derived from scenic landscapes for Greenspace management and assessment? Cultural ecosystem services received international recognition as part of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Project (2005). Also, ecosystems services encompass regulatory, provisional and ecosystem support. For this article, we are particularly concerned with cultural services, which include recreation, science and education, spiritual/historical as well as aesthetic functions. De Groot (2002) and Farber (2006) provided descriptions of cultural Ecosystem services. De Groot (2002) describes Information functions as comprising of; aesthetic information, recreation, cultural-artistic information and spiritual/historical information. Farber (2005) description of cultural services includes; aesthetic, recreation, science/education, and spiritual/historical functions. This article examines the existing literature with the objective of assessing ecosystem cultural services related to water-based scenic landscape resources and applies it to an Upstate New York lake landscape. Careful accounting of greenspace ecosystem services is presented as applied to lakeshore residents, village residents and town/watershed residents and other lake greenspace users utilizing the US Environmental Protection Agency’s user benefit calculations to yield over 10.6 million dollars of benefits per year (Smardon 2018).
Globalization: Intersection Between Communication, Innovation and Knowledge
Authors: Machado Andreia , Hack Araci , José Sousa Maria
Published: December 2019

Advances in technological possibilities have made communication present in different media and spaces. By enabling interaction between different countries, by becoming a facilitator between knowledge and innovation in the globalized world, it has opened frontiers by providing innovations in various sectors of the knowledge society. In this sense, the objective in this article is to map the intersection of communication, innovation and knowledge in the globalized world. To that end, the methodology used in the research was the systematic search of literature that pointed out that the intersection is motivated by the use of innovative technologies in the process of knowledge sharing, and studies are still scarce in this area. It is possible to perceive, further, that this intersection is branched out, through Social Sciences, Business, Management and Accounting, Computer Science, Medicine, Engineering, Decision Sciences, Nursing, Arts and Humanities, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Psychology, aligned Health Professions, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Energy, Environmental Science, Mathematics, Materials Science, Multidisciplinary, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical and Veterinary.
PÓS-ESTRUTURALISMO E TEORIA DA DECISÃO JUDICIAL: OS DESAFIOS METÓDICOS DO PENSAMENTO DESCONSTRUTIVISTA NA PERSPECTIVA DE BALKIN
Authors: Pepino Emanuel José Lopes , Bussinguer Elda Coelho de Azevedo
Published: December 2019

O trabalho objetiva discutir a proposta de desconstrução transcendental elaborada por Jack Balkin como uma teoria da decisão judicial. Para tanto, analisa a forma de pensar desconstrutivista criada por Derrida com os aportes teóricos feitos por Balkin. Exemplifica como o desconstrutivismo pode ser usado no Direito. Finalmente, analisa os pressupostos da desconstrução transcendental, comparando-os com o direito como integridade usando como exemplo privilegiado a discussão da idade mínima para votar. Concluindo pela ineficácia da teoria de Balkin como uma teoria da decisão judicial.
Human integral assessment methodology capital of the region
Authors: Serebryakova N. A. , Volkova S. A. , Volkova T. A.
Published: December 2019

A methodology has been developed for assessing the region’s human capital based on the calculation of an integral indicator. The modern economic development trends, expressed in the activation of digitalization processes, are considered. The place of the Voronezh region in terms of digitalization among other regions is determined. The region occupies a leading position among the studied areas, but at the same time, further development in the direction of digitalization is necessary, since the region has the resources for higher rates of digitalization in the long term. Under the assumption that human capital plays a key role in the process of transformation of the modern economic system of the region, the authors propose a system of indicators for an integrated assessment of the human capital of the region. Indicators are united in enlarged groups (demographic, labor and educational, research, sociocultural). To calculate the integral indicator of the state of human capital in the region, the coefficients of significance of each of its components are determined. Significance factors were established using an expert method. Next, we calculated the weighted indicators for assessing the components of the region's human capital and the integral indicator. The calculations made it possible to determine the key components in the structure of indicators of human capital: labor and educational, which made it possible to orient the directions of development of human capital in the regions. Particular attention is paid to the development of the innovation sphere, which cannot be realized without the development of human capital. The results of empirical studies have confirmed the possibility of practical use of the developed methodology for assessing the human capital of the region, allowing to assess its condition and identify key areas of development.
Compound Danshen Dropping Pills Enhanced Erythrocyte Oxygen Delivery Capacity via Modulating ROS-Dependent Mechanism Based on Target-Network Analysis
Authors: Hu Yunhui , Sun Jia , Wang Tongxing , Wang Hairong , Zhao Chunlai , Wang Wenjia , Yan Kaijing , Yan Xijun , Sun He
Published: December 2019

Hypoxia is the main survival challenge that human beings encounter in high altitudes, it is also the leading cause of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). Studies have shown that hypoxia induces a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AMS patients, and the surge of ROS leads to the reduction of oxygen delivery capacity of erythrocyte, senescence and inflammatory impairment of erythrocyte and vascular endothelial cells to a certain extent. Through depicting a target-pathway network, our study indicates that Compound Danshen Dropping Pills (CDDP), which is one of the best-known traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of myocardial ischemic diseases, can improve red blood cell oxygen delivery capacity in AMS patients, alleviate tissue and organ damage, relieve a series of clinical symptoms caused by hypoxia through ROS clearance and related mechanisms. We further elucidate the active ingredients of CDDP targeting ROS related pathway by target-ingredient correspondence analysis. Tanshinone IIA, catechol and some other compounds of CDDP were identified to have certain targeting effect on ROS and ROS dependent pathways. This study provides new understandings of CDDP in clinical application on AMS.
Investigation of Propane and n- butane Hydrate Formation Condition and Determination of Equilibrium Pressure
Authors: Salehfekr Somayeh , Porgar Sajjad , Rahmanian Nejat
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the equilibrium conditions for the formation of a mixture of propane and normal butane hydrates including temperature, pressure and mole fraction. In order to prevent the formation of hydrates in the cooling path, it is necessary to examine the conditions of hydrate formation and provide solutions. Modeling of hydrate formation conditions was performed using Hydoff software and compared with experimental results in this field, which obtained an acceptable error percentage. The range of temperature is between 267-276 °C and the molar percentage of propane is 0.7,0.8 and 0.9 and the mathematical equation was presented to predict hydrate formation. By analyzing the results, it was found that by increasing the concentration of ethane in the presence of other compounds, hydrate growth increased and hydrates formed more stable, also by increasing the concentration of propane and normal butane the amount of equilibrium pressure will decrease.
38-Month Long Progression-Free and Symptom-Free Survival of a Patient With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report of the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet (PKD) Used As a Stand-Alone Treatment after Failed Standard Oncotherapy
Authors: Tóth Csaba , Dabóczi Andrea , Chanrai Madhvi , Schimmer Mária , Clemens Zsófia
Published: December 2019

Studies in animal models have suggested that the ketogenic diet may be effective in the treatment of cancer. However, human cohort studies on the ketogenic diet have, thus far, failed to show benefits in cancer survival or in any other hard clinical endpoints of the disease. This paper presents a case report of a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. The patient had initially been treated with standard oncotherapy including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite standard treatment, the patient experienced a recurrence of the glioblastoma seven months later. Subsequently, the patient refused radiotherapy and chemotherapy and opted to use the paleolithic ketogenic diet (PKD) as a stand-alone therapy. Following the adoption of the PKD, progression of the disease has been completely halted. At the time of writing, the patient has remained in remission for 38 months, is without side-effects and experiences an excellent quality of life without the use of any drugs.
Effect of UV Radiation and Salt Stress on the Accumulation of Economically Relevant Secondary Metabolites in Bell Pepper Plants
Authors: Ellenberger Jan , Siefen Nils , Krefting Priska , Schulze Lutum Jan-Bernd , Pfarr Daniel , Schröder Lukas , Remmel Maja , Röhlen-Schmittgen Simone
Published: December 2019

The green biomass of horticultural plants contains valuable secondary metabolites (SM) which can potentially be extracted and sold. When exposed to stress, plants accumulate higher amounts of these SMs, making the extraction and commercialization even more attractive. We evaluated the potential for accumulating of the flavones cynaroside and graveobioside A in leaves of two bell pepper cultivars (Mavras and Stayer) when exposed to salt stress (100 mM NaCl), UVA/B excitation (UVA 4-5 W/m²; UVB 10-14 W/m² for 3 hours per day) or a combination of both stressors. HPLC analyses proved the enhanced accumulation of both metabolites under stress conditions. Cynaroside accumulation is effectively triggered by high-UV stress, whereas graveobioside A contents increase under salt stress. Highest contents were observed in plants exposed to combined stress. Effects of stress on overall plant performance differed significantly between treatments, with least negative impact on aboveground biomass found for high-UV stressed plants. The usage of two non-destructive instruments (Dualex and Multiplex) allowed us to gain insights in ontogenetical effects at the leaf level and temporal development of SM contents over time. Indices provided by those devices correlate fairly with amounts detected via HPLC (Cynaroside: R2 = 0.46 – 0.66; Graveobioside A: R2 = 0.51 – 0.71). The concentrations of both metabolites tend to decrease at leaf level during the ontogenetical development even under stress conditions. High-UV stress is a promising tool for enriching plant leaves with valuable SM without major effects on plant biomass. All data is available online [1].
On the Directivity of Lamb Waves Generated by Wedge PZT Actuator in Thin CFRP Panel
Authors: Shevtsov Sergey , Chebanenko Valery , Shevtsova Maria , Chang Shun-Hsyung , Kirillova Evgenia , Rozhkov Evgeny
Published: December 2019

This paper addresses investigation of guided-wave excitation by angle-beam wedge piezoelectric transducers in multi-layered composite plate structure with orthotropic symmetry of the material. The aim of present study is to determine the capability of such actuators to provide the controlled generation of acoustic wave of desirable type with the necessary wavelength, propagation distance and directivity. The studied CFRP panel is considered as homogenous with effective elastic moduli and anisotropic structural damping, whose parameters were determined experimentally. According to the results of dispersion analysis and taking into account the data of wave attenuation in a highly damping CFRP composite, two types of propagating waves A0 and S0 were considered theoretically and experimentally in the frequency range 10 - 100 kHz. Using the results of a previous study, the structure of the wedge actuator was reconstructed to develop its finite element (FE) model, and a modal analysis was carried out, which revealed the most intense natural vibration modes and their eigenfrequencies within the used frequency range. Both experimental and numerical studies of the generation, propagation, directivity and attenuation of waves in the orthotropic composite panel under study revealed the influence of the angular orientation of the actuator on the formation of wave patterns and allowed to determine the capabilities of the wave's directivity control.