bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feldversuch zum Rüttelstopfsäuleneinbau und Betrachtungen zur Hohlraumaufweitung
Authors: Mugele Luis , Knittel Lukas , Osinov Vladimir , Pandrea Paul , Stutz Hans Henning
Published: May 2024

Die Rüttelstopfverdichtung kommt als Baugrundverbesserung weltweit in fein‐ und grobkörnigen Böden zum Einsatz. Jedoch sind die Zustandsänderungen des anstehenden Bodens infolge des vollverdrängenden Säuleneinbaus und der induzierten Vibration noch nicht ausreichend untersucht. Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrags werden daher in einem Feldversuch die Auswirkungen der Rüttelstopfsäulenherstellung auf den Zustand des anstehenden Bodens untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Rüttelstopfsäuleneinbau in grobkörnigen Böden zu einer Verbesserung der bautechnischen Eigenschaften des anstehenden Bodens führen kann. Motiviert durch den Feldversuch betrachtet der zweite Teil der Arbeit anhand von simplifizierten Beispielen einen grundsätzlichen Vergleich verschiedener Hohlraumaufweitungsprozesse. Mithilfe eines hypoplastischen Stoffmodells wird dabei die Aufweitung eines Hohlraums infolge (1) einer monotonen und infolge (2) einer zyklischen Belastung betrachtet. Beide Fälle werden im Hinblick auf eine qualitative Übertragbarkeit auf die Modellierung der Säuleninstallation verglichen. Es zeigt sich ein qualitativ unterschiedliches Bodenverhalten: Eine monotone Aufweitung führt zum kritischen Zustand im Boden, während eine zyklische Aufweitung in Abhängigkeit von der Durchlässigkeit zu einer Verdichtung und/oder einer Spannungsrelaxation führt. Eine vollständige Vernachlässigung der Rüttlervibration in entsprechenden numerischen Modellen erscheint daher nicht zutreffend.
Research progress on the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of epilepsy
Authors: Yu Yue , Sun Fei‐Ji
Published: May 2024

Epilepsy is an abnormal neurologic disorder distinguished by the recurrent manifestation of seizures, and the precise underlying mechanisms for its development and progression remain uncertain. In recent years, the hypothesis that inflammatory mediators and corresponding pathways contribute to seizures has been supported by experimental results. The potential involvement of neuroinflammation in the development of epilepsy has garnered growing interest. This review centers attention on the involvement of inflammatory mediators in the emergence and progression of epilepsy within recent years, focusing on both clinical research and animal models, to enhance comprehension of the intricate interplay between brain inflammation and epileptogenesis.
Extracellular vesicles in skin health, diseases, and aging
Authors: Wang Juan , Yuan Siqi , Tu Yidong , Lv Zhi , Cheng Hua , Ding Xiaolei
Published: May 2024

The skin interfaces with the external environment, acting as both a physical barrier and an immunologic defense. The dynamic interactions between various cell types are essential for skin homeostasis and function. Emerging research has unveiled the significant role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key mediators of cell communication in regulating many aspects of skin physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in understanding the physiological and pathological roles of EVs in skin health, aging, and diseases, and discuss natural and engineered EVs in skin disease treatment along with the potential challenges. The burgeoning area of EVs may expand new therapeutic approaches for various skin disorders and open new avenues for personalized skincare treatments.
Exploring the interplay between triple‐negative breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment for effective therapeutic strategies
Authors: Zou Zhuoling , Luo Tinglan , Wang Xinyuan , Wang Bin , Li Qing
Published: May 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignancy with poor treatment outcomes. The interaction between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) plays an important role in the development of TNBC. Owing to their ability of self‐renewal and multidirectional differentiation, BCSCs maintain tumor growth, drive metastatic colonization, and facilitate the development of drug resistance. TME is the main factor regulating the phenotype and metastasis of BCSCs. Immune cells, cancer‐related fibroblasts (CAFs), cytokines, mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix within the TME form a complex communication network, exert highly selective pressure on the tumor, and provide a conducive environment for the formation of BCSC niches. Tumor growth and metastasis can be controlled by targeting the TME to eliminate BCSC niches or targeting BCSCs to modify the TME. These approaches may improve the treatment outcomes and possess great application potential in clinical settings. In this review, we summarized the relationship between BCSCs and the progression and drug resistance of TNBC, especially focusing on the interaction between BCSCs and TME. In addition, we discussed therapeutic strategies that target the TME to inhibit or eliminate BCSCs, providing valuable insights into the clinical treatment of TNBC.
Forecasting fish mortality from water and air quality data using deep learning models
Authors: Ting Chia‐Ching , Chen Ying‐Chu
Published: May 2024

The high rate of aquatic mortality incidents recorded in Taiwan and worldwide is creating an urgent demand for more accurate fish mortality prediction. Present study innovatively integrated air and water quality data to measure water quality degradation, and utilized deep learning methods to predict accidental fish mortality from the data. Keras library was used to build multilayer perceptron and long short‐term memory models for training purposes, and the models’ accuracies in fish mortality prediction were compared with that of the naïve Bayesian classifier. Environmental data from the 5 days before a fish mortality event proved to be the most important data for effective model training. Multilayer perceptron model reached an accuracy of 93.4%, with a loss function of 0.01, when meteorological and water quality data were jointly considered. It was found that meteorological conditions were not the sole contributors to fish mortality. Predicted fish mortality rate of 4.7% closely corresponded to the true number of fish mortality events during the study period, that is, four. A significant surge in fish mortality, from 20% to 50%, was noted when the river pollution index increased from 5.36 to 6.5. Moreover, the probability of fish mortality increased when the concentration of dissolved oxygen dropped below 2 mg/L. To mitigate fish mortality, ammonia nitrogen concentrations should be capped at 5 mg/L. Dissolved oxygen concentration was found to be the paramount factor influencing fish mortality, followed by the river pollution index and meteorological data. Results of the present study are expected to aid progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and to increase the profitability of water resources.
Prognostic Value of MRI Assessment of Residual Peritumoral Edema in Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Shigematsu Hideo , Fujimoto Mutsumi , Kobayashi Yoshie , Yasui Daisuke , Komoto Daisuke , Matsuura Noriaki , Kuraoka Kazuya , Yoshiyama Tomoyuki
Published: May 2024

Background

Peritumoral edema (PE) identified on T2‐weighted breast MRI is a factor for poor prognosis in breast cancer.

Purpose

To assess the prognostic value of residual PE (rPE) in patients with PE positive breast cancer prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) who subsequently underwent curative surgery.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

In total, 128 patients with nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer who underwent breast MRI before and after NACT.

Field Strength/Sequence

Axial precontrast 2D fast spin echo T2W fat‐suppressed sequence. Axial dynamic 3D gradient echo T1W fat‐suppressed sequence.

Assessment

PE was diagnosed when a signal intensity as high as water was detected surrounding the tumor on a T2‐weighted breast MRI. PE was qualitatively evaluated by three readers with more than 20 years of experience in interpreting breast field imaging findings. Residual cancer burden (RCB) were assessed post‐NACT. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated as the endpoints of this study.

Statistical Tests

Chi‐square test; Kaplan–Meier method, log‐rank test, and Cox proportional hazard model. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Pre‐PE was observed in 64 out of 128 patients. Of these, rPE was observed in 21. In the log‐rank test, breast cancer with rPE had significantly worse RFS and OS than that without rPE. Cox proportional hazard analysis identified rPE as a significant prognostic factor for recurrence (hazard ratio, 11.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.05–43.8) and death (hazard ratio, 17.8; 95% CI, 3.30–96.3). Breast cancer with rPE had significant worse RFS and OS than that without rPE in RCB class II, and significant worse OS in pathological complete response, class I and class II in the log‐rank test.

Data Conclusion

rPE on a T2‐weighted breast MRI was a significant factor for breast cancer recurrence and death in patients with pre‐PE‐positive breast cancer treated with NACT.

Level of Evidence

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Meaning in life among emerging adults: An examination of gender, relationship status, and social media use
Authors: Karayigit Cebrail , Ozier Michaela , Bloom Amber , Weaver Mark , Wiltz Samantha
Published: May 2024

Using a sample of 450 emerging adult university students, this study examined the effects of relationship status and gender on meaning in life (MIL) dimensions and the relationship between social media use and MIL dimensions among participants. The MIL Questionnaire (MLQ) and a subscale of the Sources of Meaning and MLQ (SoMe) were used to measure three different life meaning dimensions (presence of meaning, search for meaning, and crises of meaning). Findings suggested that being in a romantic relationship is positively associated with the presence of MIL. Findings also revealed that the time spent on social media and social media satisfaction affects MIL dimensions. Implications for counselors and other mental health professionals are presented and have the potential to impact college students’ MIL issues.
Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy versus percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for enteral feeding: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Meine Matheus Coelho , Tusato Isabela Ho , Hoffmeister Nathalia , Meine Gilmara Coelho
Published: May 2024

Background

Percutaneous radiological gastrostomy (PRG) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) are minimally invasive gastrostomy techniques for individuals requiring prolonged enteral feeding. Recent meta‐analyses concerning their efficacy and safety mainly included retrospective studies and yielded conflicting results. This meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to compare efficacy, safety, and procedure time between PRG and PEG for enteral feeding.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible RCTs comparing PRG and PEG for enteral feeding through February 23, 2024. The primary outcome was technical success. The secondary outcomes were (1) adverse events (AEs), (2) mortality, and (3) procedure time. We used the random‐effects model to calculate pooled risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with corresponding 95% CIs for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively.

Results

Five RCTs with 544 patients (268 PRG and 276 PEG) were included. There was similar technical success (RR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.98–1.05; I² = 35%; moderate certainty of evidence because of inconsistency), overall mortality (RR = 1.25; 95% CI = 0.63–2.47; I² = 47%; very low certainty of evidence because of inconsistency, indirectness, and imprecision), and overall AEs risk (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.63–1.76; I² = 81%; low certainty of evidence because of inconsistency and imprecision) between the two groups. However, compared with PEG, the procedure time was longer in the PRG group (MD = 19.35 min; 95% CI = 0.95–37.75 min; I² = 98%; very low certainty of evidence because of inconsistency and imprecision).

Conclusion

PRG and PEG demonstrate similar efficacy and safety; however, the endoscopic technique may boast a shorter procedure time.
Growth charts for use at birth and in the neonatal period: Recommendations of the French Neonatal Society
Authors: Guellec Isabelle , Simon Laure , Vayssiere Christophe , Senat Marie‐Victoire , Ego Anne , Zeitlin Jennifer , Subtil Damien , Verspyck Eric , Lapillonne Alexandre , Roze Jean‐Christophe , Claris Olivier , Picaud Jean‐Charles , Monier Isabelle , Geraldine Gascoin
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The use of different growth charts can lead to confusion in discussions between professionals. There are obstetric charts (of fetal growth) and neonatal charts (of measurements at birth and of postnatal growth). These charts can be descriptive (derived from an unselected population) or prescriptive (derived from of a population at low risk and with optimal conditions for growth).

Objectives

(1) To describe available charts for infants at birth and in the neonatal period and compare them, and (2) to recommend one or more charts for use in neonatology in France.

Methods

Bibliographic research was conducted on MEDLINE and completed by the guidelines of professional societies.

Results

Antenatal information about fetal growth restriction or fetuses identified as small‐for‐gestational‐age using Intrauterine charts must be integrated into the identification of newborns at risk, but the use of Intrauterine charts to evaluate birthweight is not recommended to allow consistency with postnatal charts used in neonatal practice. Z‐score variations using the updated Fenton postnatal charts are the most appropriate for the assessment of birthweight and postnatal growth for infants born preterm. These charts are sex‐specific, include the three measurements (length, weight, and head circumference) and enable longitudinal follow‐up of growth up to 50 weeks of corrected age and are linked to the World Health Organization charts at term. The French Audipog charts, although are individualized, accessible online and can be used in maternity units to evaluate birthweight for term infants, but do not allow the follow‐up of postnatal growth, while Fenton charts may be used to evaluate birthweight and postnatal growth in the first month for hospitalized term infants.

Conclusion

The updated Fenton charts are the neonatal charts that best suit the objectives of pediatricians in France for monitoring the growth of preterm newborns. The use of the Audipog charts at term remains an alternative in maternity wards, while Fenton charts can be used for hospitalized term newborns.
Natural History of Untreated Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Ying Yu‐Lan Mary , Tseng Christopher C. , Shin Jennifer , Rauch Steven
Published: May 2024

Objective

Although corticosteroids and other treatments for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) have been described, understanding its prognosis without intervention provides valuable information for patient management. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive, quantitative statistical analysis of the natural history of untreated idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).

Study Type and Design

A systematic review and meta‐analyses.

Methods

Two independent searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases up to June 30, 2022, were performed. Adults with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss who received placebo or were untreated and had audiometric outcome measures in all study types were reviewed. These data indicative of the natural history of ISSNHL were analyzed, as were study characteristics related to risk of bias. Heterogeneity as assessed viaI2and random effects analyses were performed.

Results

Six studies meeting the inclusion criteria yielded 319 untreated patients whose natural history could be assessed. Heterogeneity among studies was moderate, with a variety of reported outcomes. A hearing improvement of at least 30 dB HL was observed in 36% (95% CI 0.28–0.44) of untreated patients, and of at least 10 dB HL was observed in 70% (95% CI 0.57–0.82) of untreated patients at 3 months. The mean hearing gain among untreated patients was 24.0 dB HL (95% CI 2.65–45.37) at 2–3 months.

Conclusions

The observed natural history of ISSNHL suggests that patients can regain some hearing without active treatment. In the absence of future studies collecting prospective natural history data from untreated or placebo‐treated ISSNHL patients, the data presented here provide the best available historical control data for reconsideration of results in past ISSNHL studies, as well as a roadmap for design and interpretation of future ISSNHL treatment clinical trials. Furthermore, knowing there is a statistically significant mean hearing gain of 24.0 dB HL in the untreated/placebo group provides an ethical basis for future placebo study of ISSNHL. The current status on ISSNHL management calls for a multi‐institutional, randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial with validated outcome measures to provide science‐based treatment guidance.Laryngoscope, 134:S1–S15, 2024
Microenvironment‐Responsive Hydrogel Reduces Seizures After Traumatic Brain Injury in Juvenile Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Hippocampal Inflammation
Authors: Han Zhengzhong , Zhao Zeqi , Yu Hao , Wang Lansheng , Yue Chenglong , Zhu Bingxin , Zhu Yongqi , Li Zhengwei , Sha Zhuang
Published: May 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the primary cause of child mortality and disability worldwide. It can result in severe complications that significantly impact children's quality of life, including post‐traumatic epilepsy (PTE). An increasing number of studies suggest that TBI‐induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory sequelae (especially, inflammation in the hippocampus region) may lead to the development of PTE. Due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), typical systemic pharmacological therapy for TBI cannot deliver berberine (BBR) to the targeted location in the early stages of the injury, although BBR has strong anti‐inflammatory properties. To break through this limitation, a microenvironment‐responsive gelatin methacrylate (GM) hydrogel to deliver poly(propylene sulfide)60 (PPS60) and BBR (GM/PB) is developed for regulating neuroinflammatory reactions and removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain trauma microenvironment through PPS60. In situ injection of the GM/PB hydrogel efficiently bypasses the BBB and is administered directly to the surface of brain tissue. In post‐traumatic brain injury models, GM/PB has the potential to mitigate oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory responses, facilitate functional recovery, and lessen seizing. These findings can lead to a new treatment for brain injuries, which minimizes complications and improves the quality of life.
3D Porous Binary Composites of Collagen, Elastin, and Fibrin Proteins Orchestrate Adipose Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Sawadkar Prasad , Mandakhbayar Nandin , Patel Kapil D , Owji Nazanin , Rajasekar Poojitha , Sarama Roudin , Lee Jung‐Hwan , Kim Hae‐Won , Knowles Jonathan , García‐Gareta Elena
Published: May 2024

The objective for this study is to advance the development of a specialized biomaterial that can effectively facilitate the regeneration of adipose tissue. In prior studies, the assessment of collagen (Col), elastin (Ela), and fibrin (Fib) unary scaffolds has been conducted. However, it is important to note that native adipose tissue is comprised of a diverse array of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents. To mimic this behavior, binary compositions of collagen, elastin, and fibrin are fabricated in a 1:1 ratio, resulting in the formation of Col/Ela, Col/Fib, and Ela/Fib composites through a customized fabrication procedure. The physical properties of these scaffolds are comprehensively analyzed using a range of material characterization techniques. Additionally, the biological properties of the scaffolds are investigated by examining the survival, proliferation, and phenotype of adipose‐derived stem cells. Subsequently, the aforementioned binary scaffolds are implanted into a rodent model for 28 days. the explants are analysed through X‐ray microtomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. The findings of the study demonstrate that the utilization of binary combinations of Col/Ela, Col/Fib, and Ela/Fib has a discernible impact on the physical and biological characteristics of the scaffolds. Nevertheless, Ela/Fib exhibits characteristics that make it a suitable candidate for adipogenesis due to its notable upregulation of caveolin‐1 expression in both acellular and cellular cohorts. The combination of two natural polymers in this cell–material interaction has significantly enhanced the comprehension of adipogenesis.
Thermo‐mechanical behavior of ball grid packages with different solder ball grid patterns investigated through moiré interferometry
Authors: Joo J. W.
Published: May 2024

Plastic ball‐grid array (PBGA) package assembly comprises various materials with different thermo‐mechanical properties, and the solder ball‐grid patterns can significantly influence the package deformation and solder ball stress. This study utilizes moiré interferometry to investigate the deformation behavior of wire bonded plastic ball‐grid array (WB‐PBGA) packages under varying temperatures. Real‐time moiré interferometry experiments were conducted to capture fringe patterns representing package deformation at different temperature stages. Experiments were conducted for three different wire bonded plastic ball‐grid array packages with distinct solder ball array configurations: full grid patterns (WB‐PBGA‐FG) and perimeter patterns with/without central connections (WB‐PBGA‐PC/P). The analysis revealed considerable variations in thermal strain distribution and positioning of the critical solder ball within the package assembly, depending on the solder ball‐grid pattern. Among these wire bonded plastic ball‐grid array packages, WB‐PBGA‐P/C exhibited the most substantial bending deformation, experiencing the highest effective strain, which directly impacts solder ball failure. These findings emphasize the importance of solder ball‐grid patterns in understanding the deformation behavior and reliability of WB‐PBGA packages under varying temperature conditions.
Low‐loss compact diplexer based on complementary spiral resonators
Authors: Giannetti Giacomo , Maddio Stefano
Published: May 2024

The article describes a novel low‐loss microwave diplexer based on compact planar filtering elements. These are composed of spiral resonators and etched directly onto the signal layer. Furthermore, their design and optimization prove to be easy, and their native high‐pass/low‐pass characteristics are perfectly suited for assembling a diplexer. To verify the claim, a diplexer is designed and fabricated. It operates at 1.9 GHz and 3.5 GHz, and it is intended for personal communications service and 5G applications. The proposed device has an active area of 15.5 mm  19.5 mm. It shows an insertion loss of 0.35 dB and 0.28 dB for the two channels, representing the lowest data reported in the literature for this kind of device and technology. Additionally, the −10 dB‐fractional bandwidths for the lower and upper bandwidths are 40.6% and 20.2%, respectively, and isolation is at least 25 dB for both channels.
A self‐quadruplexing antenna for quad‐band wireless applications
Authors: Gautam Neeraj , Kumar Kundan , Murmu Lakhindar , Mandi Bipin Chandra
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a compact self‐quadruplexing antenna (SQA) designed through the utilization of substrate‐integrated rectangular cavity (SIRC) technology for quad‐band applications. It operates at four distinct frequencies, which are 3.29, 4.27, 5.20, and 5.72 GHz. The antenna's maximum gains were estimated to be 5.09, 6.46, 5.79, and 6.21 dBi at their respective operating frequencies. The proposed antenna has minimum 24.42 dB isolation among the any two resonance frequencies. Moreover, variation in the patch length enables individual control over all resonant frequencies. The proposed antenna exhibits high isolation, compactness, and independent impedance control, making it well‐suited for compact and planar radio frequency systems.
Liquid‐phase NMR of asphaltenes
Authors: Krivdin Leonid B.
Published: May 2024

The present review focuses on the most recent advances in liquid‐phase NMR of asphaltenes, leaving apart an overwhelming amount of publications dealing with solid‐state NMR investigations in this field. Owing to the complexity of the coal‐derived products, and in particular, asphaltenes, their 1H and 13C NMR spectra consist of a number of overlapping signals belonging to different hydrocarbon types. Comprehensive studies of asphaltenes by means of NMR reveal the characteristic functional groups of their fractions together with the spectral regions in which they resonate. NMR studies of asphaltenes provide a straightforward guideline for their chemical composition and that of the related coal‐derived products.
Clinical phenotypes of adults with monogenic and syndromic genetic obesity
Authors: Welling Mila S. , Mohseni Mostafa , Meeusen Renate E. H. , de Groot Cornelis J. , Boon Mariëtte R. , Kleinendorst Lotte , Visser Jenny A. , van Haelst Mieke M. , van den Akker Erica L. T. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Considering limited evidence on diagnostics of genetic obesity in adults, we evaluated phenotypes of adults with genetic obesity. Additionally, we assessed the applicability of Endocrine Society (ES) recommendations for genetic testing in pediatric obesity.

Methods

We compared clinical features, including age of onset of obesity and appetite, between adults with non‐syndromic monogenic obesity (MO), adults with syndromic obesity (SO), and adults with common obesity (CO) as control patients.

Results

A total of 79 adults with genetic obesity (32 with MO, 47 with SO) were compared with 186 control patients with CO. Median BMI was similar among the groups: 41.2, 39.5, and 38.7 kg/m2 for patients with MO, SO, and CO, respectively. Median age of onset of obesity was 3 (IQR: 1–6) years in patients with MO, 9 (IQR: 4–13) years in patients with SO, and 21 (IQR: 13–33) years in patients with CO (p < 0.001). Patients with genetic obesity more often reported increased appetite: 65.6%, 68.1%, and 33.9% in patients with MO, SO, and CO, respectively (p < 0.001). Intellectual deficit and autism spectrum disorder were more prevalent in patients with SO (53.2% and 21.3%) compared with those with MO (3.1% and 6.3%) and CO (both 0.0%). The ES recommendations were fulfilled in 56.3%, 29.8%, and 2.7% of patients with MO, SO, and CO, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

We found distinct phenotypes in adult genetic obesity. Additionally, we demonstrated low sensitivity for detecting genetic obesity in adults using pediatric ES recommendations, necessitating specific genetic testing recommendations in adult obesity care.
Approach to the Core Structure of Signermycin B
Authors: Pham Khoa Linh , Maier Martin E.
Published: May 2024

Among the natural tetramic acids with a decalinoyl part, signermycin B is unique because it contains a cis‐decalin. In this paper, we demonstrate that the cis‐decalin section of signermycin B can be accessed by an anionic oxy‐Cope rearrangement. The substrate, a tricyclic dienol was prepared by an intramolecular Diels‐Alder reaction of a masked ortho‐benzoquinone, generated by oxidation of an α‐methoxyphenol in presence of cis‐2‐hexenol. After a superfluous bromine on the cycloadduct was removed, reaction of the tricyclic ketone with isopropenylmagnesium bromide led to the tricyclic trienol that underwent the oxy‐Cope rearrangement to a cis‐decalinone. While we could show, that introduction of the 4‐ethyl substituent (signermycin B numbering) is possible by enolate alkylation, the 4‐epi‐isomer was formed.
Recent advances in polyethylene glycol as a dual‐functional agent in heterocycle synthesis: Solvent and catalyst
Authors: Servesh Anushka , Lokesh Kumar S. , Govindaraju Santhosh , Tabassum Sumaiya , Raj Prasad J. , Kumar Niraj , Ramaraj Sankar Ganesh
Published: May 2024

Reactant solubility, which dictates achievable concentrations, and the stability of reaction intermediates (excited states), solvents modulate the potential energy landscape and influence reaction rates. Consequently, solvent selection is pivotal in optimizing process productivity, economic feasibility, and environmental footprint. At present, organic synthesis pivots around the idea of sustainability. In particular, PEG‐400, a popular solvent and phase transfer catalyst, is considered greener as it can be reused several times without significant loss in its catalytic activity, which checks the box regarding sustainability. This review highlights the emerging potential of Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG‐400) as a dual‐threat agent in sustainable organic synthesis. We explore its efficacy as a catalyst, promoting various reactions under mild conditions and often eliminating the need for traditional metal catalysts. Additionally, PEG‐400's role as a green solvent is addressed, emphasizing its biodegradability, low toxicity, and ability to facilitate reactions without hazardous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). The review examines recent research on PEG‐400 mediated reactions, showcasing its effectiveness in diverse transformations, thus exploring the potential of PEG 400 as a facilitator for heterocycle synthesis in both multicomponent reactions and stepwise approaches. It identifies exciting research directions that promise to expand the boundaries of polymer‐based solvents in heterocyclic chemistry.
Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney (DICER1‐sarcoma of the kidney): A report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry
Authors: Schoettler Peter J. , Smith Caroline C. , Nishitani Miki , Harris Anne K. , Nelson Alexander T. , Watson Dave A. , Kamihara Junne , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Hill D. Ashley , Messinger Yoav H. , Fair Douglas B. , Kumar Kiran A. , Dehner Louis P. , Ash Shifra , Chen Kenneth S. , Schultz Kris Ann P.
Published: May 2024

Background

Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney (ASK) is a DICER1‐related neoplasm first identified as a distinctive tumor type through the evaluation of unusual cases of putative anaplastic Wilms tumors. Subsequent case reports identified the presence of biallelic DICER1 variants as well as progression from cystic nephroma, a benign DICER1‐related neoplasm. Despite increasing recognition of ASK as a distinct entity, the optimal treatment remains unclear.

Methods

Individuals with known or suspected DICER1‐related tumors including ASK were enrolled in the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry. Additionally, a comprehensive review of reported cases of ASK was undertaken, and data were aggregated for analysis with the aim to identify prognostic factors and clinical characteristics to guide decisions regarding genetic testing, treatment, and surveillance.

Results

Ten cases of ASK were identified in the Registry along with 37 previously published cases. Staging data, per Children's Oncology Group guidelines, was available for 40 patients: 13 were stage I, 12 were stage II, 10 were stage III, and five were stage IV. Outcome data were available for 37 patients. Most (38 of 46) patients received upfront chemotherapy and 14 patients received upfront radiation. Two‐year event‐free survival (EFS) for stage I–II ASK was 81.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.2%–99.6%), compared with 46.6% EFS (95% CI: 24.7%–87.8%) for stage III–IV (p = .07). Two‐year overall survival (OS) for stage I–II ASK was 88.9% (95% CI: 75.5%–100.0%), compared with 70.0% (95% CI: 46.7%–100.0%) for stage III–IV (p = .20). Chemotherapy was associated with improved EFS and OS with hazard ratios of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02–0.31) and 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02–0.42), respectively.

Conclusion

ASK is a rare DICER1‐related renal neoplasm. In the current report, we identify clinical and treatment‐related factors associated with outcome including the importance of chemotherapy in treating ASK. Ongoing data collection and genomic analysis are indicated to optimize outcomes for children and adults with these rare tumors.
An experimental‐based thermal prediction model for butt fusion welding of polymer pipes
Authors: Awadi Walid , Zidi Mondher , Ben Chiekh Maher
Published: May 2024

High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the most used thermoplastic materials for piping applications, due to its significant advantages. The butt‐fusion process is the most used joining processes for HDPE welding. During the process, the behavior of the material changes. This behavioral change depends on the applied welding process and on the used parameters. Thermal analysis can be used as a tool to reveal and evaluate the modifications of the physical and mechanical properties. In this study, an experimental program was applied to HDPE to assess the effects of different parameters on the welding process including heating temperature, heating duration and the applied strength. Tests are performed according to a full factorial design of experiment (DOE). Mathematical models derived from experimental data are used to establish relationships between the input parameters, such as force and heating duration and the corresponding outputs such as temperature distribution during the different welding phases and the thickness of the molten polymer. The empirical models can be used to implement a control strategy for the temperature and hence quantify the thickness of the molten zone to improve the quality of the weld joint by selecting the appropriate welding conditions for the molten zone.

Highlights

High‐density polyethylene piping butt‐fusion joint examination using Infrared imaging.

Spatial–temporal distribution of temperature for different phases of the welding process.

Mathematical Regression techniques are performed.

Thickness of molten polymer is assessed.

Results are useful for saving material and improvement of the process.
Scaling up laser polishing using a polygon scanner
Authors: Pabst Linda , Ebert Robby , Streek André
Published: May 2024

Surface roughness has a significant influence on the performance and appearance of components. By combining a boost laser with ultrafast beam deflection using a polygon scanner, very high processing speeds can be achieved. A 65 % improvement in surface roughness has been achieved on stainless steel, with Sa < 0.1 μm, while the gloss has increased from 130 to 366 GU. As a result, the previously matt surface became reflective, improving the appearance of the material. A real area rate of 156 cm2/s was achieved, comparable with industrial process times.
Wärme in der Quantenwelt
Authors: Winkelmann Clemens B.
Published: May 2024

Wärme ist eine ungeordnete Form von Energie und die Grundlage der Thermodynamik. Ganz anders verhalten sich ideale quantenmechanische Systeme – hoch geordnet und kohärent. Trotzdem können beide Sichtweisen vereinbart werden, durch die Quantenthermodynamik. Dieser Artikel beschreibt, wie nichtideale Quantenprozesse bei endlicher Temperatur, also mit Dissipation und Dekohärenz, beschrieben werden können. Aus der Perspektive von Quantenschaltkreisen wird gezeigt, wie Dissipation und Wärmeleitung von Elektronensystemen in der Nähe des absoluten Temperatur‐Nullpunkts experimentell beobachtet werden können. Dabei zeigen sich deutliche Abweichungen vom Wiedemann‐Franz‐Gesetz der klassischen Wärmeleitung in Nanostrukturen. In der Quanteninformationsverarbeitung sorgt die Konversion von Information in Wärme nach dem Landauer‐Prinzip bei jeder logischen Operation für ein unteres Limit der Erwärmung in einem Schaltkreis. Mit fortschreitender Miniaturisierung von Quantenbits stellt sich somit die Frage, welches Limit diese fundamentale Wärmeerzeugung jeweils bei den unterschiedlichen Technologien setzen wird.
Not first‐line antihypertensive agents, but still effective—The efficacy and safety of imidazoline receptor agonists: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Érszegi András , Viola Réka , Bahar Muh Akbar , Tóth Barbara , Fejes Imola , Vágvölgyi Anna , Csupor Dezső
Published: May 2024

Cardiovascular disorders are the leading cause of death in the world. Many organ diseases (kidney, heart, and brain) are substantially more prone to develop in people with hypertension. In the treatment of hypertension, first‐line medications are recommended, while imidazoline receptor agonists are not first‐line antihypertensives. Our goal was to conduct a network meta‐analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of imidazoline receptor agonists. The meta‐analysis was performed following the PRISMA guidelines using the PICOS format, considering the CONSORT recommendations. Studies were collected from four databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. A total of 5960 articles were found. After filtering, 27 studies remained eligible for network meta‐analysis. Moxonidine reduced blood pressure in sitting position statistically significantly after 8 weeks of treatment (SBP MD: 23.80; 95% CI: 17.45–30.15; DBP MD: 10.90; 95% CI: 8.45–13.35) compared to placebo. Moreover, moxonidine reduced blood pressure more effectively than enalapril; however, this difference was not significant (SBP MD: 3.10; 95% CI: −2.60–8.80; DBP MD: 1.30; 95% CI: −1.25–3.85). Dry mouth was experienced as a side effect in the case of all imidazoline receptor agonists. After 8 weeks of treatment, the appearance of dry mouth was highest with clonidine (OR: 9.27 95% CI: 4.70–18.29) and lowest with rilmenidine (OR: 6.46 95% CI: 0.85–49.13) compared to placebo. Somnolence was less frequent with moxonidine compared to rilmenidine (OR: 0.63 95% CI: 0.17–2.31). Imidazoline receptor agonists were nearly as effective as the first‐line drugs in the examined studies. However, their utility as antihypertensives is limited due to their side effects. As a result, they are not first‐line antihypertensives and should not be used in monotherapy. However, in the case of resistant hypertension, they are a viable option. According to our findings, from the point of view of safety and efficacy, moxonidine appears to be the best choice among imidazoline receptor agonists.
Empowering lung cancer treatment: Harnessing the potential of natural phytoconstituent‐loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Siddiquee Taufique , Bhaskaran Navya Ajitkumar , Nathani Khushali , Sawarkar Sujata P.
Published: May 2024

Lung cancer, the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths, accounts for a substantial portion, representing 18.4% of all cancer fatalities. Despite advances in treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy, significant challenges persist, including chemoresistance, non‐specific targeting, and adverse effects. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches to overcome these limitations. Natural compounds, particularly phytoconstituents, have emerged as promising candidates due to their potent anticancer properties and relatively low incidence of adverse effects compared to conventional treatments. However, inherent challenges such as poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and enzymatic degradation hinder their clinical utility. To address these obstacles, researchers have increasingly turned to nanotechnology‐based drug delivery systems (DDS). Nanocarriers offer several advantages, including enhanced drug stability, prolonged circulation time, and targeted delivery to tumor sites, thereby minimizing off‐target effects. By encapsulating phytoconstituents within nanocarriers, researchers aim to optimize their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Moreover, the integration of nanotechnology with phytoconstituents allows for a nuanced understanding of the intricate molecular pathways involved in lung cancer pathogenesis. This integrated approach holds promise for modulating key cellular processes implicated in tumor growth and progression. Additionally, by leveraging the synergistic effects of phytoconstituents and nanocarriers, researchers seek to develop tailored therapeutic strategies that maximize efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. In conclusion, the integration of phytoconstituents with nanocarriers represents a promising avenue for advancing lung cancer treatment. This synergistic approach has the potential to revolutionize current therapeutic paradigms by offering targeted, efficient, and minimally toxic interventions. Continued research in this field holds the promise of improving patient outcomes and addressing unmet clinical needs in lung cancer management.
Characterization of spironolactone and metabolites derivatized using Girard's reagent P using mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Jones Stephanie M. , Kirkwood‐Donelson Kaylie I. , Alexander Georgia M. , Perera Lalith , Dudek Serena M. , Jarmusch Alan K.
Published: May 2024

Rationale

Spironolactone is a steroidal drug prescribed for a variety of medical conditions and is extensively metabolized quickly after administration. Measurement of spironolactone and its metabolites remains challenging using mass spectrometry (MS) due to in‐source fragmentation and relatively poor ionization using electrospray ionization. Therefore, improved methods of measurements are needed, particularly in the case of small sample volumes.

Methods

Girard's reagent P (GP) derivatization of spironolactone was employed to improve response and provide an MS‐based solution to the measurement of spironolactone and its metabolites. We performed ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to fully characterize the GP derivatization products. Analytes were studied in positive ionization mode, and MS/MS was performed using nonresonance and resonance excitation collision‐induced dissociation.

Results

We observed the successful GP derivatization of spironolactone and its metabolites using authentic chemical standards. A signal enhancement of 1–2 orders of magnitude was observed for GP‐derivatized versions of spironolactone and its metabolites. Further, GP derivatization eliminated in‐source fragmentation. Finally, we performed GP derivatization and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) in a small volume of murine serum (20 μL) from spironolactone‐treated and control animals and observed multiple spironolactone metabolites only in the spironolactone‐treated group.

Conclusions

GP derivatization was proven to have advantageous mass spectral performance (e.g., limiting in‐source fragmentation, enhancing signals, and eliminating isobaric analytes) for spironolactone and its metabolites. This work and the detailed characterization using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS/MS) and IMS serve as the foundation for future developments in reaction optimization and/or quantitative assay development.
Sequential metamodel‐based approaches to level‐set estimation under heteroscedasticity
Authors: Zhang Yutong , Chen Xi
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes two sequential metamodel‐based methods for level‐set estimation (LSE) that leverage the uniform bound built on stochastic kriging: predictive variance reduction (PVR) and expected classification improvement (ECI). We show that PVR and ECI possess desirable theoretical performance guarantees and provide closed‐form expressions for their respective sequential sampling criteria to seek the next design point for performing simulation runs, allowing computationally efficient one‐iteration look‐ahead updates. To enhance understanding, we reveal the connection between PVR and ECI's sequential sampling criteria. Additionally, we propose integrating a budget allocation feature with PVR and ECI, which improves computational efficiency and potentially enhances robustness to the impacts of heteroscedasticity. Numerical studies demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed methods compared to state‐of‐the‐art benchmarking approaches when given a fixed simulation budget, highlighting their effectiveness in addressing LSE problems.
Additive‐Assisted Hydrothermal Growth Enabling Defect Passivation and Void Remedy in Antimony Selenosulfide Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Seunghwan , Wang Yazi , Hwang Jiseon , Chu Jinwoo , Kim Kihwan , Jung Hee Joon , Shin Byungha
Published: May 2024

Antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) has recently emerged as a promising light‐absorbing material, attributed to its tunable photovoltaic properties, low toxicity, and robust environmental stability. However, despite these advantages, the current record efficiency for Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells significantly lags behind their Shockley–Queisser limit, especially when compared to other well‐established chalcogenide‐based thin‐film solar cells, such as CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2. This underperformance primarily arises from the formation of unfavorable defects, predominately located at deep energy levels, which act as recombination centers, thereby limiting the potential for performance enhancement in Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells. Specifically, deep‐level defects, such as sulfur vacancy (VS), have a lower formation energy, leading to severe non‐radiative recombination and compromising device performance. To address this challenge, thioacetamide (TA), a sulfur‐containing additive is introduced, into the precursor solution for the hydrothermal deposition of Sb2(S,Se)3. This results indicate that the incorporation of TA helps in passivating deep‐level defects such as sulfur vacancies and in suppressing the formation of large voids within the Sb2(S,Se)3 absorber. Consequently, Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells, with reduced carrier recombination and improved film quality, achieved a power conversion efficiency of 9.04%, with notable improvements in open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. This work provides deeper insights into the passivation of deep‐level donor‐like VS defects through the incorporation of a sulfur‐containing additive, highlighting pathways to enhance the photovoltaic performance of Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells.
An Effective DNA‐Based File Storage System for Practical Archiving and Retrieval of Medical MRI Data
Authors: Rasool Abdur , Hong Jingwei , Hong Zhiling , Li Yuanzhen , Zou Chao , Chen Hui , Qu Qiang , Wang Yang , Jiang Qingshan , Huang Xiaoluo , Dai Junbiao
Published: May 2024

DNA‐based data storage is a new technology in computational and synthetic biology, that offers a solution for long‐term, high‐density data archiving. Given the critical importance of medical data in advancing human health, there is a growing interest in developing an effective medical data storage system based on DNA. Data integrity, accuracy, reliability, and efficient retrieval are all significant concerns. Therefore, this study proposes an Effective DNA Storage (EDS) approach for archiving medical MRI data. The EDS approach incorporates three key components (i) a novel fraction strategy to address the critical issue of rotating encoding, which often leads to data loss due to single base error propagation; (ii) a novel rule‐based quaternary transcoding method that satisfies bio‐constraints and ensure reliable mapping; and (iii) an indexing technique designed to simplify random search and access. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through computer simulations and biological experiments, confirming its practicality. The EDS approach outperforms existing methods, providing superior control over bio‐constraints and reducing computational time. The results and code provided in this study open new avenues for practical DNA storage of medical MRI data, offering promising prospects for the future of medical data archiving and retrieval.