bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevención y erradicación del trabajo infantil en zonas floricultoras en Colombia: desafíos en la articulación institucional
Authors: Morales Rubiano María Eugenia , Duque Orozco Yenni Viviana , Ortiz Riaga María Carolina
Published: July 2020

Los problemas como el trabajo infantil (TI) requieren asumir una visión de mediano y largo plazo, que conlleve a la formulación de estrategias consensuadas entre diversos actores y donde la institucionalidad públicoprivada acompañe los procesos. El objetivo del artículo es exponer los desafíos para prevenir y erradicar el TI de manera articulada a partir de las acciones actuales de: el sector privado (cultivos agremiados a Asocolflores), el gobierno local y la escuela en tres departamentos (21 municipios) de Colombia. La metodología tuvo un abordaje mixto que incluyó revisión documental (planes de desarrollo local), aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas a jefes de talento humano de cultivos, y entrevistas a funcionarios del gobierno local y colegios públicos del área de influencia. Se encontró que las empresas se concentran en el cumplimiento normativo y no involucran su cadena productiva en las acciones contra el TI, lo que genera riesgos que pueden afectar la reputación del colectivo; los colegios y el gobierno local interpretan y actúan según la normativa nacional, pero existe desarticulación entre las acciones de estos tres actores y las familias.
Salud mental y calidad de vida en habitantes del barrio La Cruz, Medellín-Colombia
Authors: Vera Tangarife Wendy Estefanía , Lemos Mariantonia , Vásquez Andrés
Published: July 2020

Este estudio realiza una caracterización en salud mental y calidad de vida de habitantes del barrio La Cruz de Medellín, entendiendo la salud como concepto íntegro que abarca niveles psicológicos, físicos y sociales. Se tuvo una muestra de 83 personas del sector, 59% mujeres y 41% hombres, a quienes se les aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: Cuestionario de salud PHQ-9, Cuestionario de ansiedad GAD-7, Escala GENCAT de calidad de vida para adultos, Cuestionario para niños y adolescentes Kiddo-KINDL y la Escala de valoración del barrio para adolescentes. Se encontraron altos niveles de depresión y ansiedad en niños, adolescentes y adultos; así como también relaciones inversas entre la ansiedad con: el desarrollo personal (en adultos), el bienestar emocional (en niños y adolescentes) y el bienestar físico (en adolescentes). Se concluye la pertinencia de una contextualización sobre un barrio con índices de calidad de vida bajos, según antecedentes; además se conocen particularidades del sector y se obtienen resultados significativos con miras a desarrollar programas de promoción y prevención en salud que abarquen factores de riesgo y protección de la comunidad.
Anne Eğitim Düzeyi, Sözcük Bilgisi ve Sesbilgisel Farkındalık Becerilerinde Bir Risk Faktörü mü?
Authors: ERGÜL Cevriye , KILIÇ TÜLÜ Burcu , DEMİR Ergül , AKOĞLU Gözde , ÖKCÜN AKÇAMUŞ Meral Çilem , BAHAP KUDRET Zeynep
Published: July 2020

Araştırmada, anasınıfına devam
eden ve düşük anne eğitim düzeyine sahip çocukların sözcük bilgisi ve
sesbilgisel farkındalık becerilerinin gelişimsel profillerinin daha üst anne
eğitim düzeyine sahip çocuklarla karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Çocuklar anasınıfının güz, bahar ve birinci sınıfın güz
döneminde değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmaya normal gelişim gösteren ve anadili
Türkçe olan 531 çocuk katılmıştır. Çocukların sözcük bilgileri Türkçe İfade
Edici ve Alıcı Dil Testi, sesbilgisel farkındalık becerileri ise Erken
Okuryazarlık Testinin Sesbilgisel Farkındalık alt alanı ile
değerlendirilmiştir. Anne eğitim düzeyleri, ilkokul, ortaokul, lise, lisans ve
lisansüstü olmak üzere beş düzeyde sınıflandırılmıştır. Karma model varyans
analizi ile gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda anne eğitim düzeyleri farklı
olan çocukların sözcük bilgileri ve sesbilgisel farkındalık becerilerinin üç
dönem için benzer oranda değişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Anneleri ilkokul,
ortaokul ve lise mezunu olan çocuklar sözcük bilgisi ve sesbilgisel farkındalık
becerilerinde anneleri lisans ve lisansüstü mezunu olan çocuklara göre daha düşük
performans göstermişlerdir. Sonuçlar bu becerilerde düşük performans göstererek
anasınıfına başlayan çocukların ilerleyen dönemlerde de düşük performans
göstermeye devam ettiklerini ve bu açıdan risk grubunda
değerlendirilebileceklerini göstermektedir.
Optimization of backwash parameters for hollow fiber membrane filters used for water purification
Authors: Sangrola Shubham , Kumar Avinash , Nivedhitha S. , Chatterjee Jaideep , Subbiah Senthilmurugan , Narayanasamy Selvaraju
Published: July 2020

Membrane backwash is one of the most widely used membrane regeneration techniques in large-scale desalination operations and water and wastewater treatment applications. It is necessary in order to enhance membrane life and is critical in managing the cost of pure water. The estimation of optimal backwash conditions is very important for improved hollow fiber membrane (HFM) operations. A unique feature in HFM backwash operations is the lumen side pressure drop, which leads to variation in backwash water flow across the fiber length. In this work, the effect of fiber diameter, membrane structural properties and backwash water pressure and temperature on flow distribution across the membrane length is studied for HFM modules. An analytical model for HFM backwash is developed, and model predictions are compared with measured backwash water flow variation over the fiber length. Experimental results show that the backwash flow variation over the fiber length is minimized by maintaining low backwash water pressure. Simultaneously, minimum backwash flux for effective cleaning may be achieved by increasing backwash water temperature. Homogeneous flow distribution during backwash improves backwash efficiency or forward flow rejuvenation, which can also be achieved by optimizing fiber diameter and membrane permeability. The validated mathematical model may be used for the optimization of backwash operating conditions and HF dimensions to achieve homogeneous backwash flow distribution across the membrane length.
Current Trends and Future Approaches in Small-Molecule Therapeutics for COVID-19
Authors: Laws Mark , Surani Yasmin M. , Hasan Md. Mahbub , Chen Yiyuan , Jin Peiqin , Al-Adhami Taha , Chowdhury Madiha , Imran Aqeel , Psaltis Ioannis , Jamshidi Shirin , Nahar Kazi S. , Rahman Khondaker Miraz
Published: July 2020

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has created a global public health
emergency. The pandemic is causing substantial morbidity, mortality and significant economic
loss. Currently, no approved treatments for COVID-19 are available, and it is likely to
takes at least 12-18 months to develop a new vaccine. Therefore, there is an urgent need to
find new therapeutics that can be progressed to clinical development as soon as possible. Repurposing
regulatory agency-approved drugs and experimental drugs with known safety profiles
can provide important repositories of compounds that can be fast-tracked to clinical development.
Globally, over 500 clinical trials involving repurposed drugs have been registered,
and over 150 have been initiated, including some backed by the World Health Organisation
(WHO). This review is intended as a guide to research into small-molecule therapies to treat
COVID-19; it discusses the SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle and identifies promising viral therapeutic
targets, reports on a number of promising pre-approved small-molecule drugs with reference
to over 150 clinical trials worldwide, and offers a perspective on the future of the field.
Recent Advances on Antioxidant Identification Based on Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Feng Pengmian , Feng Lijing
Published: July 2020

Antioxidants are molecules that can prevent damages to cells caused by free radicals. Recent studies also demonstrated that antioxidants play roles in preventing diseases. However, the number of known molecules with antioxidant activity is very small. Therefore, it is necessary to identify antioxidants from various resources. In the past several years, a series of computational methods have been proposed to identify antioxidants. In this review, we briefly summarized recent advances in computationally identifying antioxidants. The challenges and future perspectives for identifying antioxidants were also discussed. We hope this review will provide insights into researches on antioxidant identification.
Current Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Lyutakov Ivan , Penchev Plamen
Published: July 2020

Background:

Oral administration of medications and current oral modified-release systems are the most
preferred drug delivery routes, but they provide efficacy up to 12-24 hours per administration and are not useful
when the patient has short transit time. The once-daily administered formulations are the endpoint of many types of
drug development, and some innovations in capsule endoscopy (CE) can solve this problem.

Objective:

This review aims to reveal recent advances in drug delivery systems (DDS) for CE as an essential field of
research for more precise drug targeting at the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Methods:

We performed a narrative overview of the MEDLINE database from 1991-2020 using the keywords of
DDS and CE with synthesizing the findings, hand searches, and authoritative articles.

Results:

There are microelectromechanical systems and non-mechanical patent technologies for DDS for CE, and the
implementation of wireless-capsule medical devices into the human body will provide new diagnostic and therapeutic
options. Integrating biomedical CE with DDS and the cloud technology will bring remote real-time feedbackbased
automated treatment or responsive medication.

Conclusion:

Swallowable drug delivery systems for capsule endoscopy brings an entirely new approach for diagnostic
and therapeutic methods in digestive diseases.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs): Nose-to-Brain Delivery and Theranostic Application
Authors: Ahmad Javed , Rizwanullah Md. , Amin Saima , Warsi Musarrat Husain , Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Barkat Md. Abul
Published: July 2020

Background:

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are in high demand in the existing pharmaceutical
domain due to its high versatility. It is the newer generation of lipid nanoparticulate systems having a solid
matrix and greater stability at room temperature.

Objective:

To review the evidence related to the current state of the art of the NLCs system and its drug delivery
perspectives to the brain.

Methods:

Scientific data search, review of the current state of the art and drug delivery perspectives to the brain
for NLCs were undertaken to assess the applicability of NLCs in the management of neurological disorders
through an intranasal route of drug administration

Results:

NLCs are designed to fulfill all the industrial needs like simple technology, low cost, scalability, and
quantifications. Biodegradable and biocompatible lipids and surfactants used for NLCs have rendered them acceptable
from regulatory perspectives as well. Apart from these, NLCs have unique properties of high drug payload,
modulation of drug release profile, minimum drug expulsion during storage, and incorporation in various
dosage forms like gel, creams, granules, pellets, powders for reconstitution and colloidal dispersion. Ease of surface-
modification of NLCs enhances targeting efficiency and reduces systemic toxicity by providing site-specific
delivery to the brain through the intranasal route of drug administration.

Conclusion:

The present review encompasses the in-depth discussion over the current state of the art of NLCs,
nose-to-brain drug delivery perspectives, and its theranostic application as useful tools for better management
of various neurological disorders. Further, pharmacokinetic consideration and toxicity concern is also discussed
specifically for the NLCs system exploited in nose-to-brain delivery.
The Influence of Different Disease States on Rituximab Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Wang Xiaoxing , Du Wenwen , Zhang Xianglin , Li Pengmei
Published: July 2020

Background:

The anti-CD20 antibody rituximab, which promotes the selective depletion of CD20 positive B cells, was the first targeted therapy that was approved for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, and it is now widely prescribed in both malignant and non-malignant, immune-related diseases. However, the cause of its various clinical responses in certain diseases, have not been clearly elucidated. The variabilities in inter-individual pharmacokinetic and the emerging evidence of the relationships between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic may provide a better understanding of this drug.

Methods:

We searched and summarized the latest published articles on rituximab pharmacokinetic profiles and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models in different patient populations, including B-cell malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and glomerular kidney diseases.

Results:

Most pharmacokinetic data are drawn from clinical studies in oncology clinical practice. Body weight, gender, and antigen-related factors are proven to be the key factors affecting rituximab pharmacokinetics. In addition, the positive exposure-response relations were reported, which provide encouraging evidence for individualized therapies. While in immune disorders, especially in the off-labeled indications, pharmacokinetic studies are quite limited. Compared with that in B-cell malignancies, the differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters may be attributed to the different pathogeneses of diseases, mechanisms of action and dosing strategies. However, the correlation between drug exposure and clinical outcomes remains unclear.

Conclusion:

Here, we provide an overview of the complexities associated with rituximab pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in different diseases. Although many influencing factors need to be verified in future studies, a better understanding of the relationships between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic may assist in optimizing rituximab clinical practice.
Past and Present Behçet’s Disease Animal Models
Authors: Charles Jermilia , Castellino Francis J. , Ploplis Victoria A.
Published: July 2020

Behçet’s disease (BD) is presumably an autoinflammatory disease of unknown etiology for which several animal models have been described over the years. Agents and methods used for the development of these models have ranged from the herpes simplex type one virus (hsv-1) pathogen to the use of transgenic mice. Other models have also been used to investigate a possible autoimmune component. Each model possesses its own unique set of benefits and shortcomings, with no one model fully being able to recapitulate the disease phenotype. Here, we review the proposed models and provide commentary on their effectiveness and usefulness in studying the disease.
Progress in the Understanding of the Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Cheng Lei , Li Na , Xu Xiao-ling , Mao Wei-Min
Published: July 2020

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a remarkably aggressive thoracic malignancy
with a limited survival of only 5-12 months. However, MPM still remains unresponsive to conventional
standards of treatment, including pleurectomy and decortication, extrapleural pneumonectomy
for resectable disease with or without chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy. The mechanism of carcinogenesis
has not been fully elucidated, although approximately 80% of cases can still be linked to
asbestos exposure. The tumor immune microenvironment (TME) has been proven to play an important
role in MPM pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Several molecular pathways have been implicated
in the MPM tumor microenvironment, such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and
stromal processes. Immunotherapy has already shown promising results in other thoracic solid tumors,
such as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, immunotherapy has shown less convincing
results in MPM than in melanoma and NSCLC. A multicenter, randomized trial (DETERMINE)
proved that immune checkpoint inhibition using tremelimumab, an anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated
protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibody, failed to improve median overall survival. Therefore, it is
important to explore the relationship between the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and
immunotherapy. Here, we review the heterogeneity of the TME and the progress in the understanding
of the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy in MPM to explore the mechanisms of resistance
to immunotherapy.
Kratom Dependence and Treatment Options: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Bin Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman Leong
Published: July 2020

Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa Korth., is a tropical plant prevalent in Southeast Asia, and it
is utilized as a traditional remedy for symptomatic relief of various illnesses. It has been labeled as an
atypical opioid with significant narcotic-like properties, capable of inducing kratom dependence
among those who misuse or abuse it. The prevalence of kratom use has drastically increased worldwide,
raising concerns among healthcare providers, particularly regarding the availability of efficacious
treatment options for kratom dependence. This manuscript provides a comprehensive narrative
review of literature focusing on the psychoactive alkaloids of kratom, the possible neurobiological and
pathophysiological models underlying the occurrence of kratom dependence, and the clinical presentations
and effective treatment options available for kratom dependence. The psychoactive alkaloids of
kratom, such as mitragynine (MG) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG), act as partial mu opioid agonists
and induce kratom dependence. As a result, regular kratom use leads to withdrawal symptoms on
abstinence, along with craving, tolerance, and cross-tolerance to morphine. The psychological withdrawal
symptoms reported include depressed mood, anxiety, restlessness, irritability, and feeling
tense, while the physical withdrawal symptoms are myalgia and body ache, joint pain, lacrimation,
running nose, yawning, insomnia, diarrhea, feverish sensation, loss of appetite, tremors, itching over
the body, loss of concentration, and chills. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms, such as oral intolerance,
restlessness, irritability, and vomiting, are also reported in newborns of women who are on regular
kratom use. Sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (Suboxone) is reported as a promising treatment for
detoxification and maintenance replacement therapy for kratom-dependent users. Alternative treatments
for in-patient detoxification include intravenous clonidine and a combination of oral dihydrocodeine
and lofexidine. We conclude by adding a note on the research gap concerning kratom dependence,
which future studies should focus on.
Therapeutic and Mechanistic Approaches of Tridax Procumbens Flavonoids for the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Authors: Al-Bari Md. Abdul Alim , Hossain Showna , Mia Ujjal , Al Mamun Md. Abdullah
Published: July 2020

Homeostasis of bone is closely regulated by the balanced activities between the bone resorbing
activity of osteoclast cells and bone-forming ability of osteoblast cells. Multinucleated osteoclasts
degrade bone matrix and involve in the dynamic bone remodelling in coordination with osteoblasts.
Disruption of this regulatory balance between these cells or any imbalance in bone remodelling
caused by a higher rate of resorption over construction of bone results in a decrease of bone matrix including
bone mineral density (BMD). These osteoclast-dominant effects result in a higher risk of bone
crack and joint demolition in several bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis
(RA). Tridax procumbens is a very interesting perennial plant and its secondary metabolites
called here T. procumbens flavonoids (TPFs) are well‐known phytochemical agents owing to various
therapeutic practices such as anti-inflammatory, anti-anaemic and anti-diabetic actions. This review
designed to focus the systematic convention concerning the medicinal property and mechanism of actions
of TPFs for the management of bone-related diseases. Based on the current literature, the review
offers evidence-based information of TPFs for basic researchers and clinicians for the prevention and
treatment of bone related diseases, including osteoporosis. It also emphasizes the medical significance
for more research to comprehend the cellular signalling pathways of TPFs for the regulation of bone
remodelling and discusses the possible promising ethnobotanical resource that can convey the preclinical
and clinical clues to develop the next generation therapeutic agents for the treatment of bonerelated
disorders.
Regulation of Catechins in Uric Acid Metabolism Disorder Related Human Diseases
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Wenji , Lai Xingfei , Li Qiuhua , Sun Lingli , Chen Ruohong , Sun Shili , Cao Fanrong
Published: July 2020

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. High uric acid levels form sodium
urate crystals that trigger biological processes, which lead to the development of several diseases,
including diabetes, hyperuricemia, gout, inflammatory disease, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease
and hypertension. Catechins have been suggested to be beneficial for the regulation of uric acid metabolic
disorders due to their powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. To identify an effective
and safe natural substance that can decrease levels of serum uric acid to improve uric acid metabolism
disorders. A search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify
comprehensive studies that presented summarized data on the use of catechins in lowering uric acid
levels in diseases. This review details the role of catechins in inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase
to decrease uric acid overproduction in the liver and in regulating expressions of uric acid transporters,
URAT1, OAT1, OAT3, ABCG2 and GLUT9, to balance levels of uric acid secretion and reabsorption
through the kidney and intestine. Additionally, Catechins were also found to prevent monosodium
urate-induced inflammatory reactions. In vivo, catechins can be used to decrease high uric acid
levels that result from hyperuricemia and related diseases. Catechins can be used to maintain the balance
of uric acid metabolism.
Cytotoxicity of Chitosan Ultrafine Nanoshuttles on the MCF-7 Cell Line as a Surrogate Model for Breast Cancer
Authors: Faris Tarek , Harisa Gamaleldin I. , Alanazi Fars K. , Badran Mohamed M. , Alotaibi Afraa Mohammad , Almanea Hafsa , Alqahtani Ali S. , Samy Ahmed M.
Published: July 2020

Aim:

This study aimed to explore an affordable technique for the fabrication of Chitosan
Nanoshuttles (CSNS) at the ultrafine nanoscale less than 100 nm with improved physicochemical properties,
and cytotoxicity on the MCF-7 cell line.

Background:

Despite several studies reported that the antitumor effect of CS and CSNS could achieve
intracellular compartment target ability, no enough information is available about this issue and further
studies are required to address this assumption.

Objectives:

The objective of the current study was to investigate the potential processing variables for
the production of ultrafine CSNS (less than; 100 nm) using Box-Behnken Design factorial design
(BBD). This was achieved through a study of the effects of processing factors, such as CS concentration,
CS/TPP ratio, and pH of the CS solution, on PS, PDI, and ZP. Moreover, the obtained CSNS was
evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, morphology. In addition, hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity
using Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and MCF-7 cell lines were investigated.

Methods:

Box-Behnken Design factorial design (BBD) was used in the analysis of different selected
variables. The effects of CS concentration, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) ratio, and pH on particle
size, Polydispersity Index (PDI), and Zeta Potential (ZP) were measured. Subsequently, the prepared CS
nanoshuttles were exposed to stability studies, physicochemical characterization, hemocompatibility,
and cytotoxicity using red blood cells and MCF-7 cell lines as surrogate models for in vivo study.

Result:

The present results revealed that the optimized CSNS has ultrafine nanosize, (78.3 ± 0.22 nm),
homogenous with PDI (0.131 ± 0.11), and ZP (31.9 ± 0.25 mV). Moreover, CSNS has a spherical
shape, amorphous in structure, and physically stable. Moreover, CSNS has biological safety as indicated
by a gentle effect on red blood cell hemolysis, besides, the obtained nanoshuttles decrease MCF-7 viability.

Conclusion:

The present findings concluded that the developed ultrafine CSNS has unique properties
with enhanced cytotoxicity, thus promising for use in intracellular organelles drug delivery.
Cardio-Rheumatology: Two Collaborating Disciplines to Deal with the Enhanced Cardiovascular Risk in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Manolis Antonis S. , Tzioufas Athanasios G.
Published: July 2020

In Part 1 of this Thematic Issue entitled “Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Cardiology”, a
panel of specialists and experts in cardiology, rheumatology, immunology and related fields discussed the cardiovascular
complications of spondyloarthritides, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome and vasculitides, as well as relevant cardiovascular
issues related to non-biologic and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and provided
their recommendations for prevention and management of these complications. In part 2 of this Thematic Issue, experts
discuss the enhanced cardiovascular risk conferred by additional autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), including systemic
lupus erythematosus, the antiphospholipid syndrome, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
These, and the previous articles, place inflammation as the key common link to explain the enhanced risk of cardiovascular
complications in patients with ARDs. It follows that treatment should probably target inflammation. From all
these contemporary reviews, the conclusion that is derived further supports the notion of the emerging field of Cardio-
Rheumatology where physicians and experts from these two disciplines collaborate in risk stratification and optimization
of preventive strategies and drug therapies in patients with ARDs.
Designing a Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against Htlv-1 Related Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Farahi Elnaz , Mokhtari Mohammad Javad , Ghasemi Younes , Nezafat Navid
Published: July 2020

Background:

Cancer is a genetic disorder in which several factors like oncoviruses are
involved. Among viruses, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a human oncovirus whose
long-term infection leads to Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL).

:

The lack of a vaccine against HTLV-1 and limited efficacy of available treatments for ATLL due
to the weakness of the immune system led us to develop novel therapeutic\prophylactic epitope
vaccine, which is able to potentiate the immune system against HTLV-1.

Methods:

In this research, the amino acid sequences of TAX, HBZ, gp62 and NY-ESO-1 were retrieved
from the UniProt database. Afterwards, the bioinformatics analyses were performed to select
the Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) and Helper T Lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes using IEDB,
RANKPEP, CTLpred and PA Complex servers. The selected epitopes, along with RS09 protein adjuvant,
were connected to each other via proper amino acid linkers.

:

RS09 adjuvant was used as a TLR4 agonist to assure the induction of immune response. Then, the
three-dimensional model of the protein vaccine was generated via Phyer2 software. In the next
step, the optimization of the final structure of the protein vaccine was performed using
GalaxyRefine, Galaxyloop and KOBAMIN servers.

Results:

Evaluation of 3D protein vaccine with ERRAT, PROSA-web and Ramachandran plots
servers showed that the vaccine possesses a high-quality structure; moreover, the vaccine was antigen
and non-allergen.

Conclusion:

We believe that the designed vaccine candidate can stimulate cellular and humoral immunity
effectively; however, the potency of the vaccine should confirm via in vitro and in vivo immunological
assays.
Application of Poly(Vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium Tribromide) Resin as an Efficient Polymeric Catalyst in the Acetalization and Diacetylation of Benzaldehydes
Authors: Zheng Zubiao , Han Bingbing , Hu Junjun , Li Xianwei
Published: July 2020

The applications of a new supported tribromide reagent (poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium
tribromide) resin) were reported. This supported tribromide resin was used as a catalyst in
the acetalization and diacetylation of benzaldehydes under mild conditions with high efficiency. The
effects of solvents, and amount of the supported tribromide resin on the reactions were investigated.
Under the optimal conditions, most of acetal and 1,1-diacetates of benzaldehydes were selectively obtained
in excellent yields.
A Review on the Synthetic Approach of Marinopyrroles: A Natural Antitumor Agent from the Ocean
Authors: Patel Ashish , Shah Hirak , Shah Umang , Bambharoliya Tushar , Patel Mehul , Panchal Ishan , Parikh Vruti , Nagani Afzal , Patel Harnisha , Vaghasiya Jitendra , Solanki Nilay , Patel Swayamprakash , Shah Ashish , Parmar Ghanshyam
Published: July 2020

Natural products play an important role in various drug discovery and development approaches. They are known to be the rich resources for the identification of new chemical entities (NCEs) intended to treat various diseases. Many drugs have been discovered and developed from natural sources. Indeed, collaborative efforts involving biologists as well as organic, medicinal, and phytochemists usually facilitate the identification of potent NCEs derived from natural sources. Over the past 20 years, more than 50% of NCEs have been derived either from marine sources or synthetic/ semisynthetic derivatives of natural products. Indeed, many drug molecules have been designed by considering natural products as the starting scaffold. The first bis-pyrrole alkaloid derivative of marinopyrroles was obtained from the marine-derived streptomycete species. In the laboratory, it can be synthesized via Clauson-Kaas and Friedel-Crafts arylation as well as copper-mediated N-arylation process under microwave irradiation. The marinopyrrole A (±)-28 was discovered to overcome resistance against human cancer cells by antagonizing B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) and induced myeloid leukaemia cell (Mcl-1). In this review, we elaborated on various synthetic pathways of marinopyrroles possessing anti-cancer potential, which could encourage researchers to discover promising anti-tumor agents.
Isolation and Identification of Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Marine Algae Enteromorpha sp
Authors: Rodrigues Lima , Tilvi Supriya , Fernandes Michelle S. , Harmalkar Sarvesh S. , Tilve Santosh G. , Majik Mahesh S.
Published: July 2020

:

The extract of marine green algae Enteromorpha sp. was evaluated in vitro for inhibitory
activity against mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. The principle active agents i.e. coumarin; 4-hydroxycoumarin
(1) and two sterols; ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (2) & ergosterol peroxide (3) were isolated for
the first time, from a crude methanol extract of Enteromorpha sp. showing anti-tyrosinase activity.
Their structures were elucidated by IR, extensive NMR spectroscopy, LC-ESI-MS, Single crystal
X-ray diffraction techniques. Thus, Enteromorpha sp. can be an alternative edible anti-tyrosinase
agent.
An Overview of High-grade Glioma: Current and Emerging Treatment Approaches
Authors: Kavya S.G. , Reghu R.
Published: July 2020

High grade glioma is one of the severe form of tumour that progresses in the glial cells
of the brain and spinal cord. Age, gender, exposure to infections, race, ethnicity, viruses and allergens,
environmental carcinogens, diet, head injury or trauma and ionizing radiation may report
with increased glioma risk. Headache, seizure mainly generalized tonic-clonic seizure, memory
loss and altered sensorium are considered as common symptoms of glioma. Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI), CT scans, neurological examinations and biopsy are considered as the diagnostic
option for glioma. Treatment for glioma mainly depended upon the tumour progression, malignancy,
cell type, age, location of tumour growth and anatomic structure. The standard treatment includes
surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Temozolomide is usually prescribed at a
dosage of 75 mg/m2 and began in combination with radiation therapy and continued daily. The primary
indicator of hepatotoxicity is the elevation of the liver profiles, i.e. the changes in any of the
liver panels may be considered to be hepatotoxic. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT),
Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are rising panels
of the liver, which are elevated during toxicity. In some patients, albumin and globulin levels
may show variations. Treatment for glioma associated symptoms like seizures, depression anxiety
etc. are also mentioned along with supportive care for glioma. New trends in the treatment for glioma
are RINTEGA, an experimental immunotherapeutic agent and bevazizumab, a recombinant
monoclonal, a humanized antibody against the VEGF ligand [VEGF-A (vascular endothelial
growth factor)] in tumor cells.
The Wenckebach Phenomenon
Authors: Hansom Simon P. , Golian Mehrdad , Green Martin S.
Published: July 2020

:

Medicine has many great pioneers, and in 1899, one such pioneer - Karel Frederik
Wenckebach made a discovery which, even to this day, remains one of the fundamental concepts
within electrophysiology.

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Since the Wenckebach Phenomenon was first described, the field of electrophysiology has developed
at a rapid pace, allowing us to observe this behaviour, and its complexities, in many new
ways. In a similar way, this chapter will illustrate Wenckebach behaviour across a spectrum of modalities
from the 12 lead ECG, through to the intra-cardiac recordings from both electrophysiological
studies and implantable cardiac devices. In doing so, we continue to shed light on the phenomenon
first identified through Wenckebach’s meticulous attention to detail some 120 years ago.
Transient Hepatotoxicity Induced by Vinblastine in a Young Girl with Chiasmatic Low Grade Glioma
Authors: Franke Niels E. , Blok Geert Jan , Voll Marsha L. , Schouten-van Meeteren Antoinette Y.N.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Vinblastine (VBL) is a cytostatic drug frequently applied in children with
lymphoma and progressive low-grade glioma (LGG), with hematotoxicity as the main side effect.

Case Report:

Here, the case of a 7-month-old girl with tumor progression of an LGG during standard
chemotherapy with carboplatin and vincristine, is presented. Switching to VBL led to a 20-30-
fold increase of transaminases (grade IV CTCAE 5.0), spontaneously resolving after the end of
treatment. The toxicity is possibly age-related since it did not re-occur at the restart of VBL at 4
years old. This finding might have consequences for toxicity screening in future protocols, especially
when including infants.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Over Pt/Co-TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Akel Soukaina , Dillert Ralf , Bahnemann Detlef W.
Published: July 2020

Aims:

In this study, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction from aqueous methanol was investigated upon simulated solar light using platinum loaded on cobalt doped TiO2(Pt/Co-TiO2) composites.

Background:

Controversial results of cobalt-based composites create doubts about their photocatalytic activity. Thus, cobalt doped TiO2composites were synthesized differently, and the photocatalytic activity was examined for the photocatalytic hydrogen generation.

Objective:

The current study aims to investigate the influence of cobalt doping and platinum loading on the photocatalytic activities of TiO2nanoparticles for the photocatalytic H2 generation.

Methods:

The 0.5 wt.% Co-TiO2and bare TiO2photocatalysts were synthesized using two different methods, namely, reflux and hydrothermal synthesis. Additionally, the Pt deposition on the prepared Co-TiO2and TiO2catalysts (1 wt.% Pt) was performed using a photo-platinization method.

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The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/ energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet- visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Result:

The XRD and EPR studies clearly indicated that the Co was incorporated into the titanium dioxide lattice. The EIS results suggested that the reduction of protons over Co-TiO2and bare TiO2materials was possible from a thermodynamic point of view. However, the photocatalytic results revealed that the formed amount of H2was extremely low and close to the detection limit. The evolution of H2from aqueous methanol (10 vol%) showed higher rates when employing 1 wt.% Pt loaded on 0.5 wt.% Co-TiO2photocatalysts under simulated solar light irradiation. A maximum of 317 ± 44 μmol.h-1 was observed over the Pt/Co-TiO2-HT photocatalyst.

Conclusion:

EPR results confirmed that the cobalt ions were introduced into the TiO2lattice by trapping the photogenerated conduction band electrons and decreasing the defects in the crystal cell. The Mott−Schottky analysis of electrochemical impedance measurements showed that all catalysts were ntype semiconductors and that cobalt doping induces impurity level within the band gap of TiO2. The experimental results of photocatalytic H2generation from methanol-reforming demonstrated that no significant impact of Co-doping on the photocatalytic H2formation was observed neither for bare TiO2samples nor for the platinized materials. Based on these experimental findings, a possible mechanism for the continuous photocatalytic activity of Pt/Co-TiO2photocatalysts under simulated solar light was proposed.
SARS-CoV-2 Therapy: Old Drugs as New Interventions
Authors: Samaiya Puneet K. , Kumar Mahendra
Published: July 2020

An outburst of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
has become a grave threat to global health and the economy. As of May 13, 2020, a total of
42,81,838 cases have been confirmed, with over 2,92,376 deaths worldwide. In India, 75,048 cases have
been reported to date with 2,440 deaths. Management of this new coronavirus (COVID19) has mainly
focused on infection prevention, case detection, monitoring, and supportive care. As there is no vaccine
or specific antiviral treatment for human SARS-CoV-2, therefore identifying the drug treatment options
as soon as possible is critical for the response to the COVID19 outbreak. Pro-inflammatory cascade and
cytokine storm play a key role in the pathogenesis of new coronavirus. A large number of therapeutic
interventions such as antiviral, antimalarial, convalescent plasma therapy, BCG vaccine, mTOR inhibitors,
Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Human monoclonal antibodies, Anti-parasitic agents, Immunoenhancers,
Nutritional interventions, JAK-STAT signaling inhibitors, ACE2 receptor modulators, and Angiotensin
II receptor blockers have been either tried or suggested for effective treatment of patients with
SARS-CoV-2 disease. Hence, we recommend that all the above potential interventions must be implemented
in terms of their safety and efficacy through proper clinical experiments to control the emerging
SARS-CoV-2 disease.
PERAN KOMITE SEKOLAH DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN SMK DI DIY
Authors: Alip Moch. , Soenarto Soenarto
Published: July 2020

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali informasi tentang bagaimana realisasi peran Komite Sekolah SMK di DIY sebagai bahan kaji ulang mekanisme kerja dan peranannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif feno-menologis rancangan multisitus yang dipilih berdasarkan dua pertimbangan, yaitu: objek penelitian tidak dimanipulasi dan data berupa kata-kata, kalimat, paragraf, dan dokumen. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan pengkajian dokumen, kemudian dianalisis secara induktif dan terus-menerus, melalui penggolongan, klasifikasi, dan reduksi. Subjek adalah pengurus komite sekolah terbaik di setiap Kabupaten/Kota di DIY berdasarkan informasi dari Dinas Pendidikan terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komite sekolah terpilih sangat aktif, namun belum melaksanakan semua perannya secara optimal, yaitu sebagai pemberi pertimbangan, pendukung, pengontrol, dan sebagai mediator. Komite sekolah nampak sangat aktif dalam mendukung kebijakan sekolah tentang pengumpulan dana sekolah, cukup aktif sebagai mediator antara sekolah dengan DUDI, dan aktif sebagai pemberi pertimbangan, namun kurang aktif sebagai badan pengontrol dan belum ada yang mengembangkan mekanisme kontrol. Kondisi demikian kemungkinan terjadi karena komite dibentuk dan difasilitasi oleh kepala sekolah serta pengurus komite adalah mantan pengurus badan pendukung penyelenggaraan pendidikan yang perannya memang sebagai badan pendukung. Kata kunci: peran komite sekolah
PENINGKATAN KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA KULIAH PENDIDIKAN KESEGARAN JASMANI
Authors: Suharjana Suharjana
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran, mengurangi kesalahan penguasaan konsep pembelajaran dan meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian tindakan kelas pendekatan problem based learning berlangsung selama tiga siklus. Penelitian dilakukan pada mata kuliah Pendidikan Kesegaran Jasmani Program Studi D2-PGSD Penjaskes, Jurusan POR FIK-UNY, pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2007/2008. Disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran problem based learning dapat meningkatkan keaktifan, pemahaman materi, prestasi belajar, dan kemampuan mahasiswa untuk menyelesaikan tugas individu. Kata kunci: problem based learning, diskusi kelompok
Komparasi Ketepatan Estimasi Koefisien Reliabilitas Teori Skor Murni Klasik
Authors: Widhiarso Wahyu , Mardapi Djemari
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan ketepatan estimasi koefisien reliabilitas pada teori skor murni klasik. Peneliti membandingkan ketepatan estimasi koefisien-koefisien reliabilitas melalui data simulasi. Data simulasi dibangkitkan secara acak berdasarkan besarnya nilai reliabilitas murni, model pengukuran, ukuran sampel dan distribusi normal. Ukuran sampel yang dipakai terdapat empat jenis yaitu sebesar 50, 250, 1000 dan 5000. Reliabilitas murni yang dipakai terdiri dari lima kondisi yaitu 0,5; 0,6; 0,7; 0,8 dan 0,9. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (a) koefisien reliabilitas dalam teori skor murni klasik yang dikembangkan oleh para ahli pengukuran memiliki ketepatan estimasi yang bervariasi. (b) Rata-rata koefisien reliabilitas memiliki ketepatan estimasi yang cukup tinggi yang dibuktikan dengan kecilnya rerata bias estimasi. (c) Koefisien reliabilitas komposit memiliki ketepatan yang tinggi pada model paralel dan kesetaraan tau, Koefisien Feldt pada model konjenerik, Koefisien Wang pada model korelasi antarsesatan dan Koefisien alpha berstrata pada model multidimensi.
Pengembangan Instrumen Kemandirian Belajar Mahasiswa
Authors: Hidayati Kana , Listyani Endang
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun dan mengembangkan instrumen kemandirian belajar mahasiswa yang handal. Metode yang digunakan adalah model pengembangan teoretik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di FMIPA UNY, pada semester gasal tahun akademik 2009/2010. Populasi adalah seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FMIPA UNY. Sampel diambil dengan cara cluster random sampling. Kelas terpilih adalah Prodi PMatNR kelas C angkatan 2007, Prodi PMatR angkatan 2007, dan Prodi PMatR angkatan 2008. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) Penyusunan dan pengembangan instrumen dilakukan dengan delapan langka'h. (2) Instrumen tersusun memiliki validitas yang baik, ditinjau dari validitas isi oleh expert judgement, validitas konstruk dengan analisis faktor dan validitas empiris dengan Peanon product moment correlation. Pengujian validitas konstruk melalui analisis faktor dengan metode eksploratori berhasil diekstraksi enam faktor sesuai dengan teori yang diestimasikan yaitu: (a) Ketidaktergantungan terhadap orang lain, (b) kepercayaan diri, (c) Berperilaku disiplin, (d) rasa tanggung jawab, (e) Berperilaku berdasarkan inisiatif sendiri, dan (f) kontrol diri. (3) Reliabilitas instrumen termasuk kategori cukup tinggi yang ditunjukkan dengan besarnya koefisien reliabilitas alpha yakni sebesar 0.8797. Kara kunci: instrumen kemandirian belajar mahasiswa
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Model Pendidikan Luar Biasa di SDLB Playen Gunungkidul dan Pengasih Kulonprogo
Authors: Haryanto Haryanto
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan model Pendidikan Luar Biasa, khususnya model Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa (SDLB). Pelaksanaan model diketabui dengan cara mengevaluasi komponen program yang telah digariskan dari Depdikbud, di antaranya: (1) komponen makro, meliputi pendataan anak berkelainan, penentuan lokasi dan persyaratan gedung sekolah, (2) komponen mikro, meliputi ketenagaan, kurikulum, alat dan fasilitas pendidik­an, kerjasama antar departemen, organisasi kemasyarakatan terkait. Model penelitian evaluatif, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Terapat penelitian di SDLB Playen dan Pengasih. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi, interviu, dan dokumenter. Teknik analisis data jenis kualitatif, menerapkan pendekatan filsafat positivisme dan rasional, membandingkan kenyataan pelaksanaan program yang sebenarhya di lapangan dengan program yang seharusnya dilaksanakan sebagai kriterium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) pendataan anak berke­lainan telah dilaksanakan, walaupun belum sempurna, (2) penentuan lokasi gedung sekolah tidak berdasar populasi anak berkelainan, tetapi dipertimbangkan tersedianya lahan dan memenuhi volume proyek, (3) bangunan gedung sekolah belum memenuhi standart kriteria tempat pendidikan anak berkelainan, (4) tenaga kependidikan di kedua sekolah telah memenuhi kualifikasi yang ditentukan, sedang tenaga non kependidikan belum ad a, (5) pelaksanaan belajar-mengajar mengikuti kalender pendidikan dari Kanwil Depdikbud Propinsi DIY. (6) kerjasama kedua SDLB dengan instansi dan organisasi kemasyarakatan terkait berjalan baik.