bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructural study of microwave welded austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Samyal Rahul , Bedi Raman , Bagha Ashok Kumar
Published: December 2023

The joining of austenitic stainless steels through microwave hybrid heating has gained much attention due to its advantages, like uniform and volumetric heating. However, to establish a microwave joining process for promising applications, a microstructural study of the welded joint is still an area to explore. In the present study, microstructural analysis of austenitic stainless steel (SS304) joints is explained through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers' micro-hardness tester. Further, detailed microstructural analysis of interlayer and heat-affected zone (HAZ) is studied through electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). XRD results reveal the development of various Ni, Cr and the M23C6 type carbides at the joint interlayer region. SEM results point toward non-epitaxial grain evolution along the fusion zone. The mean microhardness of 350 ± 20 HV was determined at the joint interlayer region. A relatively fine grain structure was observed along the fusion boundary. However, moving away from the joint, two different forms of coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) were observed. The presence of two different forms of CGHAZ is confirmed through inverse pole figure maps and grain size plots. The presence of high-angle boundaries (HABs) at 60° rotation describes the twin boundaries characterized along the <111> axis. The existence of improved fractions of HABs in the microwave-joined specimen of SS will favor the microstructure to retard bulk deformation. The joint specimen endures a maximum force of 6.98 kN, and the ultimate tensile strength of 613 MPa with 4.75% of elongation. It is observed that microhardness observations and the microstructural studies in the research help establish a solid microstructure-property correlation for the joined material.
Development of a double-layered AA6061 build using additive friction stir processing
Authors: Girish G.
Published: December 2023

In this study, a double-layered AA6061 build was developed using solid-state additive friction stir processing (AFSP) at different linear and tool rotational speeds. The cross-section of the build was examined using optical macroscopy, and microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness tester. Microstructural evolution was examined using advanced characterization techniques such as electron back scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, while bulk texture evolution was investigated using the X-ray neutron diffraction method. Defect-free builds were attained at rotational speeds of 1100 and 1300 rpm. Compared to the starting alloy, hardness values were significantly lower along the builds, demonstrating loss in the material's strength due to precipitate dissolution. A maximum average hardness of 63.73 HV was observed on the build developed at 1100 rpm, 60 mm/min. AFSP caused grain refinement and reduced grain size to 4.95 μm in the build zone, but dissoluted strengthening β Mg2Si and AlFeMnSi phases due to the intense heat. The microstructure of base material exhibited a texture index of 1.4432, while the microstructure of the build zone showed a reduced texture index of 1.1742. Intense deformation caused randomized grain orientation with reduced texture but retained the shear type S {123}<634>, copper {112}<111> and brass {011}<211> components in the build zone.
Dry sliding wear behavior of additively manufactured polylactic acid (PLA) with different surface texture
Authors: Küçük Yılmaz , Gök M Sabri , Kurşuncu Bilal , Altaş Emre , Çalış İbrahim
Published: December 2023

Additive manufacturing is a method that increases its importance in today's world and is preferred over other manufacturing methods to create complex geometries more easily. This method can be used to manufacture metallic, polymeric, and ceramic materials. Polymeric materials can be produced in complex geometries using this method, and their usage areas are increasing rapidly. The widespread use of these materials increases the importance of the wear behavior of these materials. This study applied to two different surface textures, Seams Line Ogons (SLO) and HoneyComb (HC), in parts made of polylactic acid. The dry sliding wear behavior was compared with the untreated surface. Dry sliding wear tests were performed at 0.075 mm/s for 900 s for 3N, 7N, and 10N load values. Scanning electron and optical microscope images were used to determine the wear mechanisms. In addition, surface textures were compared according to the changes in the friction coefficient. According to the results, the samples with SLO and HC surface textures exhibited higher abrasion resistance than the untreated surface. As the texture density increased, the wear resistance increased. The SLO sample, which has twice the surface texture density compared to the HC sample, showed the highest wear resistance. In both surface textures, the friction coefficient values increased compared to the untreated sample, and the friction coefficient decreased with increasing load in all samples. According to the scanning electron microscope images, the effective wear mechanisms were delamination and plastic deformation.
Mediterranean-like “fall dump” events in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Kaiser Jérôme , Tomczak Michał , Dellwig Olaf , Arz Helge W
Published: December 2023

In the Mediterranean Sea, organic carbon-rich sapropels have been deposited periodically over the last fifteen million years. Some sapropels are characterized by high contents of the mat-forming, planktonic diatom Pseudosolenia calcar-avis and the planktonic diatom Thalassionema nitzschioides as a result of their mass sinking in autumn (the so-called “fall dump”). The present study shows that fall dump events also occurred in the brackish Baltic Sea around 6300–5800 calibrated years before present (cal yr BP; present = AD 1950). In sediments from the northern Baltic Sea these events are evidenced by high contents of a lipid specific for P. calcar-avis (a C25:2 highly branched isoprenoid alkene) and corroborated by fossil remains of both P. calcar-avis and T. nitzschioides. A biomarker index based on long-chain alkyl diol lipids indicates that mat-forming Proboscia diatoms were also present. High contents of calanoid resting eggs further suggest that the copepod population was stressed being unable to feed on such large diatoms. The fall dump events occurred during a complete stratification of the water column and euxinic conditions, as reflected by the redox-sensitive trace metal uranium, allowing upward diffusion of nutrients and the growth of rhizosolenid mat-forming diatoms in a deep chlorophyll maximum. Synchronous remains of P. calcar-avis in the central Baltic Sea further suggest that these events occurred on a basin-wide scale.
Late to the table: Australian law and policy on food security
Authors: Spencer Liesel
Published: December 2023

Australia has no national food security strategy, and no overarching suite of law and policy to regulate the risks associated with food insecurity. We, as a nation, are long overdue for a comprehensive national response including law and policy to address critical regulatory deficits. This article considers possible explanations as to why food security as a fundamental responsibility of the State has been neglected in Australia and argues for a consistent regulatory response at all tiers of government and between government departments, informed by a national policy.
The Path to Entrepreneurship: The Role of Social Networks in Driving Entrepreneurial Learning and Education
Authors: Wasim Jahangir , Youssef Moustafa Haj , Christodoulou Ioannis , Reinhardt Robert
Published: December 2023

This research aims to examine the extent to which the way entrepreneurs learn is reflected in entrepreneurship education, highlighting the existing gap between the literature on entrepreneurial learning and the practice of entrepreneurship education. To explore entrepreneurial learning in-depth, we adopted an interpretivist-constructivist approach that involves participant observation at coworking spaces and semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs. Data were subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis. Major findings indicate that social networks play a vital role in facilitating entrepreneurial learning, with context and network serving as essential learning mechanisms. However, these elements are often disregarded in traditional entrepreneurship education approaches. This study highlights a gap in the literature where the focus of entrepreneurial learning is primarily on entrepreneurs, while entrepreneurship education primarily focuses on students and educators. The study’s contribution is its emphasis on the importance of social networks in entrepreneurial learning and its potential for redesigning entrepreneurship education. By bridging the gap between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurship education, it is possible to create educational approaches that more closely mimic how entrepreneurs learn in real life, potentially leading to more impactful entrepreneurial activity.
Flow Perspectives: Using the FSS-2 to Compare Climbers With and Without Disabilities
Authors: Warner Emily G. , Autry Cari E. , Loy David P. , Watts Clifton E. , Kim Jaehyun
Published: December 2023

Background: Participation in adventure as a recreational therapy intervention is well-recognized for its benefits for people with disabilities. Advances in technology and adaptive equipment have increased accessibility to adventure-based activities for those with physical disabilities. Climbing has long been established to facilitate the psychological state of flow; however, there is little research on the experience of flow in individuals with physical disabilities and adaptive climbing, specifically. Purpose: This study investigated if flow is experienced differently between individuals with and without physical disabilities who participated in climbing programs and to determine if there was a relationship between flow and intentions in future participation in climbing. Methodology: The Flow State Scale-2 was used to assess flow and additional questions measured participation. Findings: The global flow score on the FSS-2 indicated that climbers with and without disabilities both experienced a flow-like state. Climbers without disabilities reported a significantly higher sense of control, one of the nine dimensions of flow. Implications: With a better understanding of how people with physical disabilities experience flow, practitioners can better design interventions to facilitate this experience and should know how flow can best be used to promote an active leisure lifestyle.
Longitudinal Stability of Neural Correlates of Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study of Event Related Potentials and Electroencephalography
Authors: Peisch Virginia , Rutter Tara M. , Sargent Christina , Oommen Rachel , Stein Mark A. , Arnett Anne B.
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Stability and developmental effects of electroencephalography (EEG) and event related potential (ERP) correlates of ADHD are understudied. This pilot study examined stability and developmental changes in ERP and EEG metrics of interest.

Methods:

Thirty-seven 7 to 11-year-old children with ADHD and 15 typically developing (TD) children completed EEG twice, 11 to 36 months apart. A series of mixed effects linear models were run to examine stability and developmental effects of EEG and ERP metrics.

Results:

Stability and developmental effects of EEG and ERP correlates of ADHD varied considerably across metrics. P3 amplitude was stable over time and showed diverging developmental trajectories across groups. Developmental differences were apparent in error related ERPs and resting aperiodic exponent. Theta-beta ratio was stable over time among all children.

Conclusions:

Developmental trajectories of EEG and ERP correlates of ADHD are candidate diagnostic markers. Replication with larger samples is needed.
Aberrant Neurofunctional Responses During Emotional and Attentional Processing Differentiate ADHD Youth With and Without a Family History of Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Patino L. Rodrigo , Wilson Allison S. , Tallman Maxwell J. , Blom Thomas J. , DelBello Melissa P. , McNamara Robert K.
Published: December 2023

Objective:

To compare neurofunctional responses in emotional and attentional networks of psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with and without familial risk for bipolar I disorder (BD).

Methods:

ADHD youth with (high-risk, HR, n = 48) and without (low-risk, LR, n = 50) a first-degree relative with BD and healthy controls ( n = 46) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a continuous performance task with emotional distracters. Region-of-interest analyses were performed for bilateral amygdala (AMY), ventrolateral (VLPFC) and dorsolateral (DLPFC) prefrontal cortex, and anterior (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC).

Results:

Compared with HC, HR, but not LR, exhibited predominantly left-lateralized AMY, VLPFC, DLPFC, PCC, and rostral ACC hyperactivation to emotional distractors, whereas LR exhibited right VLPFC and bilateral dorsal ACC hypoactivation to attentional targets. Regional responses correlated with emotional and attention symptoms.

Conclusion:

Aberrant neurofunctional responses during emotional and attentional processing differentiate ADHD youth with and without a family history of BD and correlate with relevant symptoms ratings.
BOLD Activation During the Application of MOXO-CPT in School Patients With and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: García Beristain Juan Carlos , de Celis Alonso Benito , Barragan Perez Eduardo , Dies-Suarez Pilar , Hidalgo-Tobón Silvia
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 3% of children in the world.

Objective:

In this work, we seek to compare the different brain activations of pediatric patients with and without ADHD.

Methods:

A functional resonance examination with BOLD contrast was applied using the MOXO-CPT test (Continuous Performance test with single and double visual-auditory distractors).

Results:

Differences in BOLD activation were observed indicating that control children regularly presented negative BOLD activations that were not found in children with ADHD. Inhibitory activity in audiovisual association zones in control patients was greater than in patients with ADHD. The inhibition in the frontal and motor regions in the controls contrasted with the overactivation of the motor areas in patients with ADHD, this, together with the detection of cerebellar activation which attempted to modulate the responses of the different areas that lead to executive failure in patients with ADHD.

Conclusions:

In view of these results, it can be argued that the lack of inhibition of ADHD patients in their executive functions led to a disorganization of the different brain systems.
Research progress of surface texturing to improve the tribological properties: A review
Authors: Liu Yansheng , Yang Xuefeng , Ma Junbei , Li Kunjie , Chen Maolong , Gu Yanguang
Published: December 2023

In the process of machine and mechanical operation, it is inevitable to face problems such as friction and wear. At present, there are many solutions to solve the problems. As a very effective method, surface texturing has been applied in many projects. In recent years, surface texturing has made great achievements in the study of friction pair surface, which is of great significance to improve the tribological properties of friction pair surface. In this paper, the author reviews the main research results of surface texturing in controlling friction in recent years and points out the research purpose and development status of surface texture. The preparation of texturing is summarized and analyzed from two aspects: shape and size control accuracy and surface quality. The research on the anti-friction mechanism of texture is reviewed, and the three states of dry friction, fluid lubrication, and boundary lubrication are analyzed, respectively. The optimization of morphology and parameters was discussed, and the optimal parameter range was obtained. Finally, the above aspects of the full text are summarized, and the problems faced by all aspects are put forward. Combined with the actual situation of the current research, the future development prospect of surface texture technology is prospected.
Let the people’s will prevail: Self-uncertainty and authoritarianism predict support for populism
Authors: Gøtzsche-Astrup Oluf , Hogg Michael A.
Published: December 2023

Recent years have witnessed a widespread rise of right-wing populism—an ideology maintaining that the will of the people is supreme, but is subverted by antagonistic elites. Drawing on uncertainty-identity theory, three studies (total N = 5,882) tested the hypothesis that uncertainty would only strengthen support for populism among low authoritarian respondents. Studies 1 and 2 were secondary analyses of American National Election Survey (ANES) 2012 and 2016 data. They supported our key hypotheses in explaining support for the populist American Tea Party (Study 1, N = 1,917), and support for right-wing populist ideology and voting preference for Donald Trump rather than Hillary Clinton (Study 2, N = 2,520). Study 3 ( N = 1,445) experimentally manipulated self-uncertainty to allow a causal interpretation, and focused on right-wing populist ideology. The results are discussed in terms of their contribution to uncertainty-identity theory, and their societal relevance in an environment of growing populism.
Welfare service centers: Maintenance, repair, and care at the analog interfaces of the digital welfare state
Authors: Kaun Anne , Liminga Agnes
Published: December 2023

Many public administrations advocate digital services that allow for the deployment of algorithmic automation and the use of artificial intelligence. This shift has been discussed as the expansion of the digital welfare state. However, numerous citizens remain excluded from digital services provided by the state. In this context, welfare service centers have emerged as important interfaces of the digital welfare state. These service centers undergird many of the operations of digitalization as a large-scale, societal infrastructure project. In this article, we elaborate the specific characteristics of welfare service centers in Sweden, relying theoretically on interface theory and broken world thinking. Methodologically, we rely on ethnographic methods including in-depth interviews and observations. The article ultimately argues that the digital welfare state continues to be based on material inequalities and exclusions.
CIEC colloquium: Reflections on Beyond Quality at 25 years
Authors: Dahlberg Gunilla , Moss Peter , Pence Alan
Published: December 2023

In this colloquium, the authors of Beyond Quality in Early Childhood Education and Care, which was published 25 years ago, reflect on the book's core arguments about the ‘problem with quality’, the neoliberal origins of ‘the age of quality’ and the book's impact.
The influence of cultural constraints on entrepreneurial motivations: Exploring the experiences of Muslim women entrepreneurs in Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Noor , Ullah Farid , Smith Rob
Published: December 2023

This article explores the influence of cultural constraints on entrepreneurial motivations for women entrepreneurs of the Muslim faith. A qualitative approach is taken by drawing from extraordinarily rare interviews with 17 women entrepreneurs who run businesses in the open market in the Northwest region of Pakistan. Push and pull factors were examined in the context of cultural constraints using the lens of post-materialism and dissatisfaction theories. The findings reveal that some entrepreneurs are pulled into entrepreneurship to give something back to local youths and to improve their life chances and/or reduce hardship. In relation to the push factors, some entrepreneurs decided to do something about the harsh circumstances they found themselves in to demonstrate their agency. All were aware of the cultural constraints around them and are highly motivated to overcome these as role models for future generations and to hopefully achieve parity with male peers. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing new insights to the reader in extending the post-materialism and dissatisfaction theories for women Muslim entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Furthermore, it also demonstrates how cultural constraints related to family issues motivate women in a male-dominated society to become entrepreneurs.
Social sustainability in the decarbonized welfare state: Social policy as a buffer against poverty related to environmental taxes
Authors: Nelson Kenneth , Lindh Arvid , Dalén Pär
Published: December 2023

Decarbonization, environmental protection, and sustainable development are more topical than ever. Despite long-standing debates about the regressive profile of environmental taxes, the welfare state’s role in buffering adverse distributive impacts of climate policy is largely unexplored. We examine if social policy shields households from falling into poverty due to environmental taxes tied to consumption. We specifically focus on the importance of income replacement in social insurance and social assistance. To enable detailed assessments of the distributive outcomes of environmental policy, we impute environmental taxes into the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Our comparative analysis of 26 European countries indicates that the welfare state protects households from relative income poverty due to environmental taxes. Moreover, comparisons between educational groups suggest that both social insurance and social assistance play different yet complementary roles in reducing socio-economic gradients in poverty related to environmental taxes.
Iraqi heritage restoration, grassroots interventions and post-conflict recovery: reflections from Mosul
Authors: Larkin Craig , Rudolf Inna
Published: December 2023

The deliberate targeting and violent destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq’s ancient city of Mosul by the Islamic State (2014–17) has recently given way to the emergence of heritage initiatives aimed at restoring its urban character and reviving its cosmopolitan spirit. Such restoration projects invariably stir debates over timing, funding and local consultation, as well as their potential to contribute to post-war social cohesion and communal healing. This article argues that in post-conflict settings heritage restoration is always an ambivalent and contingent process, involving the selective use of emotive historic symbols to create new realities. Based on 50 in-depth interviews with a diverse section of Moslawi society and site observations from Mosul (2022–23), the article explores local perspectives and the ongoing dynamic negotiation of heritage restoration. Amidst conflicting communal perceptions of large-scale internationally funded reconstruction projects, the article highlights the potential for grassroots heritage initiatives to offer a new impetus towards communal rehabilitation. The paper focuses on three less examined but locally championed Moslawi heritage sites—the souqs, Qila’yat district and heritage homes. These civic spaces may offer greater opportunity for social recovery through economic development, cultural exchange and everyday co-existence.
Risk and Protective Factors for Firearm Assault Injuries Among Black Men: A Scoping Review of Research
Authors: Marineau Lea A. , Uzzi Mudia , Buggs Shani A. , Ihenacho Ngozi , Campbell Jacquelyn C.
Published: December 2023

Black men are disproportionately affected by firearm assaults in the United States, and these disparities are rooted in structural and social inequities. The objective of this scoping review of research was to identify risk and protective factors for firearm assault injuries among Black men at all levels of the social-ecological framework. The search was conducted in 2021. The initial search generated 1,122 articles. Studies were eligible if they (a) included an analysis of modifiable risk or protective factors for firearm assaults among Black men; (b) reported an estimate of correlation, association, or effect between risk or protective factors and firearm assault injuries, firearm violence, and/or firearm homicides; and (c) were published peer-reviewed articles. In all, 19 articles were identified for review. Risk factors identified at each ecological level include the following: (1) Individual: firearm possession/weapon use and criminal legal system interaction; (2) Relationships: gang membership and exposure to other people who have experienced a firearm assault; (3) Community: indicators for socioeconomic status and racial residential segregation; and (4) Societal: historical racist policy. Individual-level substance use had mixed results. Few (26%) studies examined protective factors at any ecological level, but community-level factors like neighborhood tree cover were identified. Future research needs to examine risk and protective factors at the societal level and multiple ecological levels simultaneously leading to more effective multi-level interventions that will guide policy formation. A greater diversity of study designs, research methods, and theoretical frameworks is needed to better understand factors associated with firearm assault among Black men.
Trauma-Informed Practice in Physical Activity Programs for Young People: A Systematic Review
Authors: Berger Emily , O’Donohue Katelyn , Jeanes Ruth , Alfrey Laura
Published: December 2023

Physical activity, sport, and physical education share many similar qualities with trauma-informed practice, including promoting relationships, inclusion, and physical and mental well-being. There is growing research and programs that incorporate trauma-informed practices into physical activity programs for young people. The aim of this systematic review was to explore current evidence-based, Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs for young people. Four databases were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. The search identified 19 studies that highlighted most Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs reviewed resulted in positive social, emotional, behavioral, and academic outcomes for children and adolescents. However, further research and randomized control trials are required to understand the longitudinal outcomes of Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs for children and adolescents. Program facilitators reported on the benefits of support and professional development opportunities for trauma awareness to administer Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs with children and young people. Implications from this study emphasize the importance of the continued design, delivery, and research of Trauma-Informed Physical Activity programs for young people exposed to trauma.
Assessing the Impact of Multilevel Comprehensive Programming on SNAP-Ed Participant Behaviors
Authors: Coombs Casey , Savoie-Roskos Mateja R. , Farnsworth Amria , Jimenez LaCee , LeBlanc Heidi
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To examine differences in dietary, physical activity, and food selection behaviors of Utah SNAP-Ed participants who had varied breadth of engagement with various components of multilevel programming.

Method:

SNAP-Ed participants received a survey approximately 1 year after participating in nutrition classes. The survey measured diet, physical activity, and food selection behaviors and breadth of engagement with components of SNAP-Ed programming. Components of programming included nutrition education for adults and youth, nudge programs in food pantries and corner stores, farmers’ market booths, social marketing campaign materials, and social media platforms. Kruskal–Wallis tests assessed differences in behaviors between varying breadths of program engagement.

Results:

Among the 124 respondents, certain dietary behaviors improved with increased breadth of program engagement including intake of vegetables, low-fat dairy, and lean protein. Food selection behaviors including using MyPlate and preparing healthy foods on a budget, also improved with increased engagement. Physical activity was not impacted by additional breadth of exposure.

Conclusions and Implications:

Findings suggest that multilevel comprehensive programming may enhance the impact of SNAP-Ed education for certain behaviors. Additional research is warranted on the impact of SNAP-Ed multilevel programming on targeted behaviors and health outcomes.
A Mixed Methods Approach to Analyzing Embodied Interaction: The Potentials of Integrated Mixed Methods Analysis of Video Interaction Data
Authors: Samuelsson Robin
Published: December 2023

Video has become a widespread tool for capturing naturalistic behavioral data. While mixed methods show great potential in understanding the active nature of children’s interaction, only a few studies have developed mixed methods for video-based interaction research. This paper presents a mixed methods embodied interaction model appropriate for studying complex embodied interaction and draws on methodological insights from a mixed methods project to capture changes in children’s interaction with touchscreen technologies. The paper details how integrated mixed methods analysis was needed to fully explain the results and how mono-method studies would provide misleading results. The theoretical advancements generated during the project illustrate how mixed methods for video-based studies have valuable properties for understanding complex interactional phenomena, such as learning.
The relationship between kinesiophobia and adaptation to illness in different chronic illnesses
Authors: Enzin Fatih , Dikici İbrahim Caner , Tülüce Derya
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between kinesiophobia and adaptation to chronic illness.

Methods

The study was conducted with descriptive design. The questionnaire consists of three parts: a form including questions about socio-demographic characteristics and chronic diseases-related characteristics of the participants, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, and Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale.

Results

A total of 217 patients participated in the study, consisting of 99 patients with diabetes, 74 with heart failure (HF), and 44 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The general mean age of the patients participating in the study was 61.03 ± 11.99 years, and the mean duration of disease diagnosis was 9.83 ± 7.16 years. While age, physical adaptation, and psychological adaptation affected the level of kinesiophobia of the patients with COPD and HF by 44.3% and 47.7%, respectively, physical adaptation and psychological adaptation affected the level of kinesiophobia of the patients with DM by 29.6%.

Discussion

While the level of kinesiophobia was found to be high in all disease groups, it was determined that the level of adaptation to the disease was limited. Psychological and physical adaptation to illness was correlated with kinesiophobia.
Impact of an educational intervention on hand hygiene practice among nursing students, with a focus on hand drying efficacy
Authors: Gammon John , Hunt Julian , Duffy Lisa , Humphreys Ioan , Hinkin Jon , Watkins Alan
Published: December 2023

Background

Hand hygiene and its significance for reducing the spread of infection is well evidenced and has been brought into sharp focus following the COVID-19 pandemic. Although a crucial clinical skill in ensuring safe healthcare, little is known regarding nursing students’ effectiveness of hand hygiene practice.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on hand hygiene practice, designed by the research team for first year pre-registration nursing students. Particular emphasis was placed upon hand drying technique and time.

Methodology

825 nursing students were observed and assessed for their hand hygiene practice in a clinical suite at a university setting. Nursing students were observed for compliance against set outcome measures involving hand hygiene preparation, hand and wrist washing technique, hand drying technique and time. Data were analysed quantitatively using SPSS.

Results

The educational intervention had a significant impact on the clinical skills learning of nursing students. 779 students passed the assessment at the first attempt (94.4%). Of the 46 students that failed to meet the necessary criteria, 45 satisfied the criteria at the second attempt; giving an overall optimal compliance of 99.9%. 99.6% of students complied with recommended hand drying standards.

Conclusion

This study offers an important contribution to the development and delivery of nursing education programmes. The educational intervention improved compliance with recommended hand hygiene technique and practice. Lack of attention to hand drying may negate effective hand hygiene in healthcare.
Factors Affecting Food-Related Activity Performance in Low-Income Older Adults
Authors: Runzheimer Kristin , Martin Jennifer L. , McCarroll Michele L.
Published: December 2023

In an effort to reduce food access issues for older adults, the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP) provides monthly food assistance specifically for low-income older adults through local food banks. The purpose of this study was to explore factors that influence an older adult’s performance in food-related activities. Older adults eligible to receive a monthly senior food box from community food distribution sites were recruited to complete a survey. The survey included home information, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS®) v1.1 Global Health measure, individualized supplemental food utilization profile (FP), and a kitchen inventory. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. From December 2021 until March 2023, n = 200 participants were recruited and n = 36 took the survey for an 18% completion rate with a mean age of 71 years old; 61% were female and 36% were male. Of the participants who took the survey, 64% ( n = 23) acknowledged having at least one chronic disease and 89% ( n = 32) indicated they prepared meals for themselves. The OPMF revealed grocery shopping, cooking, and eating as “extremely important” and directly related to their performance and satisfaction. The FP rate revealed that 61% ( n = 22) of participants always use 100% of their food box by the end of each month. While the participants in this study report having at least one chronic disease, most are functional and independent when it comes to food-related activities, and most report that they have the tools to manage and use their food resources.
A Functionalist Approach to Seeking Anonymity: Examining the Role of Motives, Cost, and Individual Differences
Authors: Nitschinsk Lewis , Tobin Stephanie J. , Vanman Eric J.
Published: December 2023

Anonymity is widely available in online environments, yet more needs to be understood about why people seek it out. In three studies ( N = 677), we used a novel dictator game to assess how financial motivations, cost, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy influence people’s choice to seek anonymity. We found that: (1) People sought anonymity to keep more money for themselves or to give more money to their partner. (2) Those high in Machiavellianism viewed anonymity as valuable and were motivated to keep more money for themselves only when they were anonymous. (3) Those high in psychopathy viewed anonymity as less valuable and were less likely to pay to be anonymous to achieve their goals. Our findings shed new light on the complex interplay of individual differences, motivations, and situational affordances in shaping people’s behavior.
Connecting government officials & behavioral scientists to promote evidence-based decision-making: An interview with Bill de Blasio
Authors: D’Aunno Thomas
Published: December 2023

Supporting evidence-based management and policy decisions by government officials is a key objective for behavioral scientists. Yet researchers often face formidable barriers to developing effective working relationships with government officials. In an interview, former New York City mayor Bill de Blasio argues that researchers can overcome these challenges by making a commitment to building long-term relationships and, critically, trust with government officials. Doing so requires persistence, especially because efforts to connect with officials often fail—at least at the outset. Researchers also can develop skills for communicating more effectively with officials, who are neither specialists in policy domains nor experts in research methods. He suggests highlighting core messages from complex data and beginning communication of those messages with straightforward solutions to problems; only after those proposals are under consideration should issues related to their complexities be raised. Last, de Blasio suggests that the best way for researchers to develop trusting relationships with government officials, as well as a deeper appreciation of the challenges they face, may be to devote time to government service in posts that embed them in decision-makers’ daily work. He illustrates his points with lessons from the successful adoption and implementation of policies and programs in New York City, including those that aimed to provide free prekindergarten education (Pre-K for All), respond to the COVID pandemic, reduce traffic accidents and fatalities (Vision Zero), and prevent overdose deaths through the use of supervised drug-consumption sites.
A Collective Case Study of Elementary Music Teachers Integrating Modern Band into the Curriculum
Authors: Vasil Martina
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this collective case study was to examine how four elementary music teachers (from different U.S. regions) integrated modern band into their curricula. Data included semi-structured interviews, videos, emails, and a researcher journal. Teachers integrated modern band to improve student “buy-in” and to gain instruments. All started modern band with older students in Grades 4 to 6 or 3 to 5, with some expanding to younger grades. Instruments were accumulated over time through various forms of funding, with repertoire selection coming primarily from students. All participants used approximation and multiple access points for making music when teaching modern band. Challenges were teachers’ lack of knowledge and skills (playing modern band instruments and teaching rap and hip hop) and overcoming personal biases of popular music. Facilitating factors included access to training and resources and administrative funding and support. Implications include considerations for music teachers and music teacher educators.
Introduction to a review series on myelodysplastic syndromes in the age of genomic medicine
Authors: Cazzola Mario
Published: December 2023

There has been rapid change in our understanding of clonal hematopoiesis and its relationship to myelodysplasia. In this Review Series edited by Special Section Editor Mario Cazzola, 4 articles by leading experts highlight recent advances in knowledge and put them in current perspective to assist in the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes.
Cost-effectiveness of second-line lisocabtagene maraleucel in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Choe Jee H. , Yu Tianzhou , Abramson Jeremy S. , Abou-el-Enein Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel), a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, received the US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2022 for second-line treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) for patients with refractory disease or early relapse after first-line chemoimmunotherapy. This decision was based on the TRANSFORM study demonstrating improvements in event-free survival with liso-cel compared with standard care. Given the high costs of CAR T-cell therapies, particularly as they transition to second-line treatment, a cost-effectiveness analysis is essential to determine their economic viability. The study used a partitioned survival model with standard parametric functions to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of liso-cel aganist platinum-based chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation over a lifetime horizon The analysis relied on data from the TRANSFORM and TRANSCEND trials, established literature, and public data sets to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). For a representative cohort of US adults aged 60 years, ICER of liso-cel was $99 669 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) from a health care sector perspective and $68 212 per QALY from a societal perspective, confirming its cost-effectiveness at the $100 000 per QALY threshold. Nonetheless, under certain scenarios, liso-cel surpasses this benchmark but remains within the US acceptable range of $150 000 per QALY. A key finding underlines the importance of incorporating productivity losses into such analyses to capture the broader societal values of novel therapies. Although these therapies offer substantial clinical benefits, their high acquisition costs and limited long-term data critically challenge their economic sustainability.
The Association of Physiological and Pharmacological Anesthetic Parameters With Motor-Evoked Potentials: A Multivariable Longitudinal Mixed Model Analysis
Authors: Dulfer Sebastiaan Eckhardt , Groen Henk , Groen Robertus J. M. , Absalom Anthony R. , Sahinovic Marko M. , Drost Gea
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

During spinal surgery, the motor tracts can be monitored using muscle-recorded transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials (mTc-MEPs). We aimed to investigate the association of anesthetic and physiological parameters with mTc-MEPs.

METHODS:

Intraoperative mTc-MEP amplitudes, mTc-MEP area under the curves (AUC), and anesthetic and physiological measurements were collected retrospectively from the records of 108 consecutive patients undergoing elective spinal surgery. Pharmacological parameters of interest included propofol and opioid concentration, ketamine and noradrenaline infusion rates. Physiological parameters recorded included mean arterial pressure (MAP), bispectral index (BIS), heart rate, hemoglobin O2 saturation, temperature, and Etco
2. A forward selection procedure was performed using multivariable mixed model analysis.

RESULTS:

Data from 75 (69.4%) patients were included. MAP and BIS were significantly associated with mTc-MEP amplitude (P < .001). mTc-MEP amplitudes increased by 6.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7%–10.4%) per 10 mm Hg increase in MAP and by 2.79% (CI, 2.26%–3.32%) for every unit increase in BIS. MAP (P < .001), BIS (P < .001), heart rate (P = .01), and temperature (P = .02) were significantly associated with mTc-MEP AUC. The AUC increased by 7.5% (CI, 3.3%–11.7%) per 10 mm Hg increase of MAP, by 2.98% (CI, 2.41%–3.54%) per unit increase in BIS, and by 0.68% (CI, 0.13%–1.23%) per beat per minute increase in heart rate. mTc-MEP AUC decreased by 21.4% (CI, −38.11% to −3.98%) per degree increase in temperature.

CONCLUSIONS:

MAP, BIS, heart rate, and temperature were significantly associated with mTc-MEP amplitude and/or AUC. Maintenance of BIS and MAP at the high normal values may attenuate anesthetic effects on mTc-MEPs.
Decolonizing Transnational Feminism
Authors: Osman Wazhmah , Bajoghli Narges
Published: December 2023

This article analyzes the Afghan and Iranian feminist uprisings of the early 2020s spurred by #MahsaAmini’s death and the return of the Taliban, and their predecessors, #MyRedLine and #MyStealthyFreedom. It assesses why these movements, which gained international traction and a huge global online and offline presence, are no longer in the mainstream media spotlight. The article examines the efficacy and dangers of these feminist movements, which attempt to redress the tide of Islamist ideology in both countries by building solidarity with international governmental and nongovernmental human rights organizations. It also highlights how Afghan and Iranian women’s activism is selectively recognized and appropriated by neo-imperial agendas and provides strategies for decolonization. Finally, the article argues that #MahsaAmini and #MyRedLine are exemplary instances of feminist transnational collaboration and global mobilization for women’s rights, whereas #MyStealthyFreedom and the lack of coverage of the Afghan women’s right uprising since Taliban 2.0 fall into the paradigm of imperial feminism.
The Economic Impact of Depression Treatment in India: Evidence from Community-Based Provision of Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Angelucci Manuela , Bennett Daniel
Published: December 2023

This study evaluates the impact of depression treatment on economic behavior in Karnataka, India. We cross-randomize pharmacotherapy and livelihoods assistance among 1,000 depressed adults and evaluate impacts on depression severity, socioeconomic outcomes, and several potential pathways. When combined, the interventions reduce depression severity, with benefits that persist after treatment concludes. Pharmacotherapy alone has a weaker effect that is only marginally significant and dissipates sooner. Depression treatment does not significantly increase earnings, consumption, or human capital investment in children. (JEL I12, I15, I18, J13, J22, J31, O15)
Developing the next generation of renewable energy technologies: an overview of low-TRL EU-funded research projects
Authors: Pérez Caballero Laura María , Neira D'Angelo Fernanda , Tschentscher Roman , Gottschalk Axel , Salem Ahmed M. , Carbonell Daniel , Dudita-Kauffeld Mihaela , Bruch Arnaud , Alamaro Eleonora , Pasquini Luca , Ceroni Paola , Grozdanova Anastasia , Privitera Stefania , Vermang Bart , Schulz Philip , Mencarelli Davide , Pierantoni Luca , Midrio Michele , Leithead William , Gurruchaga Ignacio , Haberl Robert , Vermaut Jasper , Kauffeld Michael
Published: December 2023

A cluster of eleven research and innovation projects, funded under the same call of the EU’s H2020 programme, are developing breakthrough and game-changing renewable energy technologies that will form the backbone of the energy system by 2030 and 2050 are, at present, at an early stage of development. These projects have joined forces at a collaborative workshop, entitled ‘Low-TRL Renewable Energy Technologies’, at the 10th Sustainable Places Conference (SP2022), to share their insights, present their projects’ progress and achievements to date, and expose their approach for exploitation and market uptake of their solutions.