bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Marian Cult as a Resistance Strategy
Authors: De Luca Candela , Hidalgo Javiera Jaque
Published: April 2022

This chapter studies indigenous confraternities’ Marian devotion in
eighteenth-century Potosi. This period saw an explosion in Marian devotion,
manifested through a proliferation of images, particularly paintings
and statues, around which developed local devotions, articulated through
numerous confraternities. This chapter proposes to draw a devotional
map, highlighting the mechanism of devotion around these images and
their relation to the Church and indigenous confraternities. This analysis
will underscore the tensions among the different social groups in this
space and their competition for sacred space, as well as point out how
these transformations were projected unto the political and religious
imaginary.
Think Tanks and Democratisation in South Africa
Authors: Nkrumah Bright
Published: March 2022

As policy and research institutes, think tanks have advisory and monitoring mandates that could be channelled towards consolidating democracy. Yet, although South Africa has some well-established think tanks (WETT), their presence has not translated into enhancing race relations and living conditions. There is therefore the need to explore why these institutions have been unable to sufficiently influence policy and practice, mainly in the area of social cohesion and socio-economic welfare. It is against this backdrop that the paper looks at the evolving nature and works of two WETTs. The paper considers their capacities and challenges in strengthening race relations and social protection. Proposing a persuasive argument for the creation of an enabling environment, the paper draws from political theories in suggesting ways of enhancing a vibrant think thank sector in contemporary South Africa.
“Sana All”: Netizens’ Perception of Government Responses to COVID-19
Authors: Vicentino Leo , Doroteo Janah Zerina T. , Garcia Lyn Angel V. , De Jesus Nicole Myem S.
Published: March 2022

Netizens posted views that contradicted the results released by research agencies about the Philippine government's responses to COVID-19. In this study, Twitter, which is a key communication channels, was the main source of data to explore the public’s perception of the Philippine government’s performance to the pandemic response. To limit tweets to be studied, sana all, a language phenomenon mostly used at the time of community lockdowns, was observed and utilized as a code identify relevant tweets. Between March and August 2020, 257 tweets were collected and researchers used presuppositions to extract socio-political context and truths implied in tweets. Then, the data underwent a 6-level thematic analysis and eleven categories were formed. The prevalent language intention emerging from the tweets is empathy. This paper will discuss how empathy associates the sound dissatisfaction of the netizens with the responses made by the current administration to combat the COVID-19 multi-effects.
Development of a new highly sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of cobalt at nanotrace levels in various complex matrices using N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-ethylenediamine
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Jamaluddin , Happy Tahmina
Published: March 2022

A new spectrophotometric reagent, N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-ethylenediamine (Salen), has been synthesized and characterized through novel reaction techniques. A very simple, ultrasensitive, and nonextractive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of the picotrace amount of cobalt (II) using Salen. Salen undergoes a reaction in a slightly acidic solution (0.001-0.003 M H2S04) with cobalt in 20% ethanol to give a light orange chelate, which has an absorption maximum at 459 nm. The reaction is instantaneous, and the absorbance remains stable for over 24 hours. The average molar absorption co-efficient and Sandell’s sensitivity were found to be 6.04×105 L/mol.cm and 5.0 ng/cm2 of Co, respectively. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.001-40 mg/Lof Co with a detection limit of 0.1 µg/L and RSD of 0-2 %. The stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 1:1 (Co:Salen). A large excess of over 60 cations, anions and some common complexing agents such as chloride, azide, tartrate, EDTA, SCN- etc. do not interfere in the determination. The developed method was successfully used in the determination of cobalt in several Certified Reference Materials (Alloys, steel, bovine liver, human hair, drinking water, sewage sludge, soil, and sediments) as well as in some environmental waters (Potable and polluted), biological fluids (Human blood, urine, and milk), soil samples, food samples (Vegetables, rice, and wheat) and pharmaceutical samples and solutions containing both cobalt (II) and cobalt (III) as well as complex synthetic mixtures. The results of the proposed method for assessing biological, soil, food and vegetable samples were comparable with ICP-OES and AAS were found to be in excellent agreement. The method has high precision and accuracy (s = ±0.01 for 0.5 mg/L).
Bivalent metal complexes of a novel modified nicotinic acid hydrazide drug: Synthesis, characterization, and anti-tubercular studies
Authors: Mikwa Cyprian Chunkang , Toh-Boyo Gwendoline Mochia , Njong Romanus Nyako , Ndoye Bridget Ndosiri , Ndamyabera Christophe Adrien , Katsuumi Natsuki , Mitani Yuta , Nfor Emmanuel Ngwang , Akitsu Takashiro
Published: March 2022

Iron(II) and manganese(II) complexes of N'-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)nicotinohydrazide (LH) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the ligand has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic spectroscopic techniques. Crystal data for LH, C13H12N4O: Orthorhombic, space group Pbcn (no. 60), a = 18.0824(3) Å, b = 7.86555(14) Å, c = 16.1614(3) Å, V = 2298.60(7) Å3, Z = 8, T = 103 K, μ(Mo Kα) = 0.093 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.388 g/cm3, 36729 reflections measured (5.042° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 54.966°), 2633 unique (Rint = 0.0224, Rsigma = 0.0124) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0383 (F2>2σ(F2)) and wR2 was 0.0988 (all data). The ligand was found to chelate to the metal ions through the azomethine nitrogen and amide oxygen atoms in a bidentate manner. The anti-tubercular activity of the ligand, its iron (II) and manganese (II) complexes were studied against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATTC 27294). The results revealed higher activity of the iron (II) complex with MIC value of 8.00±0.83 µM and a moderate activity of the manganese (II) complex having MIC value of 14.20±1.40 µM, compared to the reference drugs having MIC values of 9.41±0.92, 10.74±1.02, 25.34±2.6 µM and parent ligand with MIC value of 17.60±1.80 µM.
Theoretical study of a single-walled carbon nanotube and a cellulose biofiber as 5-fluorouracil anti-cancer drug carriers
Authors: Abdullah Eshraq Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Chemotherapy is one of the most valuable and widely available option in cancer treatment. However, a method of delivering the drug to achieve a therapeutic effect still a considerable challenge. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the non-bonding interaction of 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug with a single walled carbon nanotube and a Cellulose bio-fiber using density functional theory and molecular mechanics simulations. To do that, adsorption locator and DMol3 modules were utilized to determine the electronic and optical properties of carriers before and after adsorption processes. The interaction energies indicate that the 5-fluorouracil molecule can physically adsorb and the optimized geometries are stable. The charge transfer occurs between N4-H10 bond of the 5-fluorouracil molecule and the cellulose carrier by a synergistic effect of hydrogen bond formation and van der Waals forces. This effect smoothly transforms into van der Waals interactions by O3, N4, and N5 atoms in the case of single-walled carbon nanotubes. There is a clear difference in the absorption peak and a significant narrowing of the molecular energy gap of a cellulose complex because of the shifting of the electron accepting center to a drug molecule. The conductor-like screening model shows the affinity of the complexes toward hydrogen bond acceptor, which enhances their solubility in biological systems. A remarkable influence in the case of the cellulose complex works as a starting point to use natural polymers as drug delivery carriers.
Characterization of PLA nanofiber structures containing herbal extracts
Authors: Eroglu Nilsen Sunter , Canoglu Suat
Published: March 2022

The use of renewable, sustainable, and biocompatible products without chemical side effects is increasing day by day in antibacterial applications instead of materials that harm nature and humans. In biomedicine, antibacterial nanofiber composite surfaces with generally produced from materials with antibacterial properties such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, collagen, and silver nanoparticles. In this study, olive leaf, terebinth, and fumitory plants and biocompatible, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly polylactic acid (PLA) polymer were used to obtain nanofiber structures with 100% plant extracts. Viscosity and conductivity of solutions prepared with optimum properties were analysed, the nanofiber material was produced in solution with electrospinning method, and the morphological evaluation and mechanical measurement of the nanofiber material were performed. Finally, bacterial exchange analyses were performed before and after incubation in the UV-VIS spectrophotometer. As a result of the study, the thinnest and the most uniform fiber materials were found in CFO (consist of PLA (C1) and fumitory (FO)) coded nanofiber material, the best strength values were found in COE (consist of PLA (C1) and olive leaf (OE)) coded nanofiber structure, and the highest bacterial exchange was observed in CFO coded nanofiber material. Based on these results, it has been suggested that the CFO coded nanofiber structure can be used in biomedicine. It has been observed that olive leaf, terebinth, and fumitory plant extracts, which can be grown easily in every region in Turkey, have a significant level of bacterial resistance. In conclusion, fumitory and terebinth plants can be used in antibacterial agent applications since they allow obtaining smooth and uniform nanofiber structures, and thanks to their high bacteria nullification properties.
O PAPEL DOS ANTIOXIDANTES NA PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS
Authors: Santos Ilgner da Cruz , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: April 2022

Nos últimos 30 anos, cresceu o interesse pelos problemas relacionados ao estresse oxidativo e aos radicais livres, que causam ou agravam diversas patologias. Dessa forma, pesquisas buscam alternativas para reduzir os efeitos prejudiciais do excesso de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e melhorar a capacidade antioxidante do organismo, como forma de tratamento e prevenção de enfermidades e suas complicações. Tendo em vista o crescimento epidemiológico de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, são estudadas diversas fontes de nutrientes com função antioxidante. Como o estresse oxidativo é um fator negativo, presente na maioria das doenças crônicas, os antioxidantes são considerados como agentes eficazes na profilaxia e no combate a essas patologias.
La simulation numérique des procédés de fabrication additive
Authors: CARIN Muriel
Published: March 2022

Ce chapitre présente les éléments nécessaires à la simulation numérique des phénomènes physiques en fabrication additive. Les principales équations pour simuler le comportement thermo-hydrodynamique du bain liquide et le comportement thermo-métallurgique et mécanique de la pièce sont présentées. Divers exemples illustrent l’intérêt des outils de simulation, capables de prédire des défauts de surface, des porosités, des risques de fissuration.
The simulation of mineral dust in the United Kingdom Earth System Model UKESM1
Authors: Woodward Stephanie , Sellar Alistair , Tang Yongming , Stringer Marc , Yool Andrew , Robertson Eddy , Wiltshire Andy
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Mineral dust plays an important role in earth system models, being linked to many components: atmospheric wind-speed, precipitation and radiation, surface vegetation cover and soil properties, and oceanic biogeochemical systems. In this paper the dust scheme in the first configuration of the United Kingdom Earth System Model UKESM1 is described, and simulations of dust and its radiative effects are presented and compared with results from the parallel coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (GCM) HadGEM3-GC3.1. Not only changes in the driving model fields but also changes in the dust size distribution are shown to lead to considerable differences to the present-day dust simulations and to projected future changes. UKESM1 simulations produce a present-day top of the atmosphere (ToA) dust direct radiative effect (DRE – defined as the change in downward net flux directly due to the presence of dust) of 0.086 Wm-2 from a dust load of 19.5 Tg. Under climate change pathways these values decrease considerably: in the 2081–2100 mean of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP5-8.45 ToA DRE reaches 0.048 W m-2 from a load of 15.1 Tg. In contrast, in HadGEM3-GC3.1 the present-day values of -0.296 W m-2 and 15.0 Tg are almost unchanged, at 0.289 W m-2 and 14.5 Tg in the 2081–2100 mean. The primary mechanism causing the differences in future dust projections is shown to be the vegetation response, which dominates over the direct effects of warming in our models. Though there are considerable uncertainties associated with any such estimates, the results presented demonstrate both the importance of the size distribution for dust modeling, and also the necessity of including earth system processes such as interactive vegetation in dust simulations for climate change studies.
Statistical and machine learning methods for evaluating trends in air quality under changing meteorological conditions
Authors: Qiu Minghao , Zigler Corwin M. , Selin Noelle E.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Evaluating the influence of anthropogenic emissions changes on air quality requires accounting for the influence of meteorological variability. Statistical methods such as multiple linear regression (MLR) models with basic meteorological variables are often used to remove meteorological variability and estimate trends in measured pollutant concentrations attributable to emissions changes. However, the ability of these widely-used statistical approaches to correct for meteorological variability remains unknown, limiting their usefulness in the real-world policy evaluations. Here, we quantify the performance of MLR and other quantitative methods using two scenarios simulated by a chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, as a synthetic dataset. Focusing on the impacts of anthropogenic emissions changes in the US (2011 to 2017) and China (2013 to 2017) on PM2.5 and O3, we show that widely-used regression methods do not perform well in correcting for meteorological variability and identifying long-term trends in ambient pollution related to changes in emissions. The estimation errors, characterized as the differences between meteorology-corrected trends and emission-driven trends under constant meteorology scenarios, can be reduced by 30 %–42 % using a random forest model that incorporates both local and regional scale meteorological features. We further design a correction method based on GEOS-Chem simulations with constant emission input and quantify the degree to which emissions and meteorological influences are inseparable, due to their process-based interactions. We conclude by providing recommendations for evaluating the effectiveness of emissions reduction policies using statistical approaches.
Radiative and microphysical responses of clouds to an anomalous increase in fire particles over the Maritime Continent in 2015
Authors: Takeishi Azusa , Wang Chien
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The year of 2015 was an extremely dry year for Southeast Asia where the direct impact of a strong El Niño was in play. As a result of this dryness and the relative lack of rainfall, an extraordinary quantity of aerosol particles from biomass burning remained in the atmosphere over the Maritime Continent during the fire season. This study uses the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry to understand the impacts of these fire particles on cloud microphysics and radiation during the peak biomass burning season in September. Our simulations, one with fire particles and the other without them, cover the entire Maritime Continent region at a cloud-resolving resolution (4 km) for the entire month of September in 2015. The comparison of the simulations shows a clear sign of precipitation enhancement by fire particles through microphysical effects; smaller cloud droplets remain longer in the atmosphere to later form ice crystals, and/or they are more easily collected by ice-phase hydrometeors in comparison to droplets under no fire influences. As a result, the mass of ice-phase hydrometeors increases in the simulation with fire particles, and so does rainfall. On the other hand, the aerosol radiative effect weakly counteracts the invigoration of convection. Clouds are more reflective in the simulation with fire particles as ice mass increases. Combined with the direct scattering of sunlight by aerosols, the simulation with fire particles shows higher albedo over the simulation domain on average. The simulated response of clouds to fire particles in our simulations clearly differs from what was presented by two previous studies that modeled aerosol–cloud interaction in years with different phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), suggesting a further need for an investigation on the possible modulation of fire–aerosol–convection interaction by ENSO.
A convolutional neural network for spatial downscaling of satellite-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIFnet)
Authors: Gensheimer Johannes , Turner Alexander J. , Köhler Philipp , Frankenberg Christian , Chen Jia
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Gross primary productivity (GPP) is the sum of leaf photosynthesis and represents a crucial component of the global carbon cycle. Space-borne estimates of GPP typically rely on observable quantities that co-vary with GPP such as vegetation indices using reflectance measurements (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI, near-infrared reflectance of terrestrial vegetation, NIRv, and kernel normalized difference vegetation index, kNDVI). Recent work has also utilized measurements of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) as a proxy for GPP. However, these SIF measurements are typically coarse resolution, while many processes influencing GPP occur at fine spatial scales. Here, we develop a convolutional neural network (CNN), named SIFnet, that increases the resolution of SIF from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board of the satellite Sentinel-5P by a factor of 10 to a spatial resolution of 500 m. SIFnet utilizes coarse SIF observations together with high-resolution auxiliary data. The auxiliary data used here may carry information related to GPP and SIF. We use training data from non-US regions between April 2018 until March 2021 and evaluate our CNN over the conterminous United States (CONUS). We show that SIFnet is able to increase the resolution of TROPOMI SIF by a factor of 10 with a r2 and RMSE metrics of 0.92 and 0.17 mW m−2 sr−1 nm−1, respectively. We further compare SIFnet against a recently developed downscaling approach and evaluate both methods against independent SIF measurements from Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 and 3 (together OCO-2/3). SIFnet performs systematically better than the downscaling approach (r=0.78 for SIFnet, r=0.72 for downscaling), indicating that it is picking up on key features related to SIF and GPP. Examination of the feature importance in the neural network indicates a few key parameters and the spatial regions in which these parameters matter. Namely, the CNN finds low-resolution SIF data to be the most significant parameter with the NIRv vegetation index as the second most important parameter. NIRv consistently outperforms the recently proposed kNDVI vegetation index. Advantages and limitations of SIFnet are investigated and presented through a series of case studies across the United States. SIFnet represents a robust method to infer continuous, high-spatial-resolution SIF data.
Biogeochemical functioning of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Kuliński Karol , Rehder Gregor , Asmala Eero , Bartosova Alena , Carstensen Jacob , Gustafsson Bo , Hall Per O. J. , Humborg Christoph , Jilbert Tom , Jürgens Klaus , Meier H. E. Markus , Müller-Karulis Bärbel , Naumann Michael , Olesen Jørgen E. , Savchuk Oleg , Schramm Andreas , Slomp Caroline P. , Sofiev Mikhail , Sobek Anna , Szymczycha Beata , Undeman Emma
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Location, specific topography, and hydrographic setting together with climate change and strong anthropogenic pressure are the main factors shaping the biogeochemical functioning and thus also the ecological status of the Baltic Sea. The recent decades have brought significant changes in the Baltic Sea. First, the rising nutrient loads from land in the second half of the 20th century led to eutrophication and spreading of hypoxic and anoxic areas, for which permanent stratification of the water column and limited ventilation of deep-water layers made favourable conditions. Since the 1980s the nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea have been continuously decreasing. This, however, has so far not resulted in significant improvements in oxygen availability in the deep regions, which has revealed a slow response time of the system to the reduction of the land-derived nutrient loads. Responsible for that is the low burial efficiency of phosphorus at anoxic conditions and its remobilization from sediments when conditions change from oxic to anoxic. This results in a stoichiometric excess of phosphorus available for organic-matter production, which promotes the growth of N2-fixing cyanobacteria and in turn supports eutrophication. This assessment reviews the available and published knowledge on the
biogeochemical functioning of the Baltic Sea. In its content, the paper
covers the aspects related to changes in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, and P) external loads, their transformations in the coastal zone, changes in organic-matter production (eutrophication) and remineralization (oxygen availability), and the role of sediments in burial and turnover of C, N, and P. In addition to that, this paper focuses also on changes in the marine CO2 system, the structure and functioning of the microbial community, and the role of contaminants for biogeochemical processes. This comprehensive assessment allowed also for identifying knowledge gaps and future research needs in the field of marine biogeochemistry in the Baltic Sea.
There and back again, a journey of many pathways: conceptualising the marine organic carbon cycle
Authors: Scheffold Maike Iris Esther , Hense Inga
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Understanding and determining the pathways that organic carbon (OC) takes in the ocean is one of the pressing tasks of our time, as the fate of OC in the ocean is linked to the climate system and the functionality of marine ecosystems. The multitude and complexity of these pathways are typically investigated with sophisticated, mainly quantitative, methods focused on individual pathways in order to resolve their interactions and processes as realistically as possible. In addition to these approaches towards understanding and recreating complexity, there is a need to identify commonalities and differences between individual OC pathways and define their overarching structures. Such structures can provide a framework for the growing number of partly overlapping concepts, which conceptualise selected OC pathways, and promote more systematic comparisons and consistent communication, especially between different disciplines. In response, we propose a (visual) concept in which we define such higher-level “structures” by comparing and condensing marine OC pathways based on their sequences of processes and the layers of the marine system in which they operate. The resulting structures comprise “closed loops”, three remineralisation and two recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (rDOC) loops that close within marine systems, and “open loops”, condensing pathways leaving the marine system for the atmosphere or deeper sediment layers. In addition, we provide a synthesis of embedded processes, OC pools, and process-performing organisms (agents) embedded in these loops. By translating a definition of the biological carbon pump (BCP) into our concept, we show how the application and discussion of our defined structures facilitate a consistent visualisation, a systematic comparison of differently resolved concepts and studies, and integration of these into the larger picture of the marine OC cycle.
As a complement to quantitative studies and descriptions of individual pathways, our concept decomposes the complexity of OC pathways by defining new universal structures. These structures provide a skeleton that can be adapted to different systems and filled with life by the users.
Environmental behaviors of (E) pyriminobac-methyl in agricultural soils
Authors: Zhou Wenwen , Jia Haoran , Liu Lang , Li Baotong , Li Yuqi , Gao Meizhu
Published: March 2022

Abstract. E or pyriminobac-methyl (EPM), a pyrimidine benzoic acid esters herbicide, has a high potential as weedicide; nevertheless, its environmental behaviors are still not well understood. In this study, we systematically investigated, for the first time, the adsorption–desorption, degradation, and leaching behaviors of EPM in agricultural soils from five exemplar sites in China (Phaeozems – S1; Anthrosol – S2; Ferralsol – S3; Alisol – S4; Plinthosol – S5) through laboratory simulation experiments. Our results show that the EPM adsorption–desorption results were well fitted by the Freundlich model (R2>0.9999). In the analyzed soils, the Freundlich adsorption (i.e., Kf ads) and desorption (i.e., Kf des) coefficients of EPM varied between 0.85 and 32.22 mg1-1/n L1/n kg−1 and
0.78–5.02 mg1-1/n L1/n kg−1, respectively. The mobility of EPM in soils S1–S5 was categorized as immobile, slightly immobile, highly mobile, slightly mobile, and slightly mobile, respectively. Moreover, the degradation of EPM reflected first-order kinetics, where its half-life ranged between 37.46 and 66.00 d, depending on the environmental conditions, and abiotic degradation was predominant in the degradation of
this compound. Overall, the high leaching ability and desorption capacity of EPM were accompanied by a low adsorption capacity, and there were no significant relationships between pH and the leaching rate of EPM in the five types of soils. In contrast, the organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, and soil clay content were the main components responsible for the observed leaching rates. We found that EPM degrades easily, has a high adsorption affinity, and a low mobility in S1, which results in a low contamination risk for groundwater systems. On the contrary, this compound degrades slowly in S2, S3, S4, and S5, due to a low adsorption affinity and moderate mobility, which results in a high contamination risk for groundwater
systems. Therefore, our results may serve as a reference for evaluating the risks involved in the increasingly wide application of this compound.
Contribution of warm and moist atmospheric flow to a record minimum July sea ice extent of the Arctic in 2020
Authors: Liang Yu , Bi Haibo , Huang Haijun , Lei Ruibo , Liang Xi , Cheng Bin , Wang Yunhe
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The satellite observations unveiled that the
July sea ice extent of the Arctic shrank to the lowest value, since
1979, in 2020 with a major ice retreat in the Eurasian shelf seas including Kara,
Laptev, and East Siberian seas. Based on the ERA-5 reanalysis products, we
explored the impacts of warm and moist air-mass transport on this extreme
event. The results revealed that anomalously high energy and moisture
converged into these regions in the spring months (April to June) of 2020,
leading to a burst of high moisture content and warming within the
atmospheric column. The convergence is accompanied by local enhanced
downward longwave surface radiation and turbulent fluxes, which is favorable
for initiating an early melt onset in the region with severe ice loss. Once
the melt begins, solar radiation plays a decisive role in leading to
further sea ice depletion due to ice–albedo positive feedback. The typical
trajectories of the synoptic cyclones that occurred on the Eurasian side in
spring 2020 agree well with the path of atmospheric flow. Assessments
suggest that variations in characteristics of the spring cyclones are
conducive to the severe melt of sea ice. We argue that large-scale
atmospheric circulation and synoptic cyclones acted in concert to trigger the
exceptional poleward transport of total energy and moisture from April to
June to cause this record minimum of sea ice extent in the following July.
Efficient Bayesian calibration of aerodynamic wind turbine models using surrogate modeling
Authors: Sanderse Benjamin , Dighe Vinit V. , Boorsma Koen , Schepers Gerard
Published: March 2022

Abstract. This paper presents an efficient strategy for the Bayesian calibration of parameters of aerodynamic wind turbine models. The strategy relies on constructing a surrogate model (based on adaptive polynomial chaos expansions), which is used to perform both parameter selection using global sensitivity analysis and parameter calibration with Bayesian inference. The effectiveness of this approach is shown in two test cases: calibration of airfoil polars based on the measurements from the DANAERO MW experiments and calibration of five yaw model parameters based on measurements on the New MEXICO turbine in yawed conditions. In both cases, the calibrated models yield results much closer to the measurement data, and in addition they are equipped with an estimate of the uncertainty in the predictions.
Predictors of Early (0-7 Days) and Late (8-30 Days) Readmission in a Cohort of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients
Authors: Cholack George , Garfein Joshua , Krallman Rachel , Feldeisen Delaney , Montgomery Daniel , Kline-Rogers Eva , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Eagle Kim , Rubenfire Melvyn , Bumpus Sherry
Published: April 2022

Background: Readmissions following acute coronary syndrome are unevenly distributed across the 30-day post-discharge period. There is limited data on predictors of all-cause readmission in early (0-7 day) and late (8-30 day) post-discharge periods for this population; the purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to identify predictors of early and late readmission.
Methods: Patients at Michigan Medicine (Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States) with a principal discharge diagnosis of unstable angina, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction between April 2008 and November 2017 were identified. Predictors of early and late readmission were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression models.
Results: Of 1120 patients hospitalized following acute coronary syndrome, 198 (17.68%) were readmitted within 30 days while 70 (6.25%) were readmitted within 7 days of discharge. Of 30-day readmissions, early readmissions were more likely in females [OR 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23, 4.16], non-white individuals (p=0.05), or patients requiring intensive care unit admission during hospitalization (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.14, 4.24). Relative to patients not readmitted within 7 days, patients who were female, had history of atrial fibrillation, principal discharge diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, or required intensive care unit admission were more likely readmitted early. History of congestive heart failure was a predictor of late readmission when compared to patients not readmitted in 30 days.
Conclusion: Following acute coronary syndrome, predictors of readmission varied between early and late readmission groups. Readmission predictors provides healthcare providers with information useful in minimizing readmissions and concomitant financial penalties.
An intersectional analysis of socio-cultural identities and gender and health inequities among children and youth in street situations in western Kenya
Authors: Embleton Lonnie , Wachira Juddy , Kiplagat Jepchirchir , Shah Pooja , Blackwell-Haride Victoria , Gayapersad Allison , Kamanda Allan , Ayuku David , Braitstein Paula
Published: March 2022

Research has uncovered substantial gender, social, and health disparities among children and youth in street situations (CYSS) in Eldoret, Kenya. From 2013-2014 we engaged CYSS aged 11-24 years in a qualitative study to explore the sexual language and practices used in the street subculture in Eldoret, Kenya. We engaged 65 CYSS in 25 in-depth interviews and 5 focus group discussions. This work uncovered stark gender inequities, which result in girls and young women in street situations experiencing profound levels of sexual and gender-based violence and harmful sexual and reproductive health outcomes. To comprehend the underlying drivers of these inequities and to appropriately and adequately intervene, we sought to comprehend how CYSS’s social identities intersect with systems of oppression and privilege to produce and maintain these inequities. We therefore sought to reanalyze the original data from this study using intersectionality as a theoretical framework to explore how systems of oppression in Kenya have shaped the street subculture, construct CYSS’s street and resistance social identities, and how these social identities and the street subculture intersect with macro-level structural factors to produce health and gender inequities. Our analysis identified three distinct social identities that are given to CYSS in Eldoret: Chokoraa (garbage pickers), Mshefa (hustlers), and Mboga ya jeshi (vegetables for soldiers). Our findings revealed how these identities and the street subculture intersect with the Patriarchy, the political-economic context, and social cultural forces in Kenya, resulting in hegemonic masculinity and detrimental gender roles and norms for young men and women. Our findings show that CYSS are a product of the oppressive systems that construct their circumstances and shape their social identities. This population urgently requires policies and programs that intervene at multiple levels to halt the harmful practices within street subculture and associated with street-involvement.
The nutritional value of rabbit meat when using stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) in the ration of rabbits
Authors: Burmistrova Olga , Burmistrov Eugene , Naumova Natalya , Lukin Aleksandr , Betz Julia
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of studying the influence of the supplementary feeding with stinging nettle hay on the ration balance, biochemical indicators, nutritional value, and keeping quality of rabbit meat. It was established that the replacement of 5% and 25% of coarse fodder with stinging nettle hay resulted in an increase in the content of crude (by 3.5-20.3%), digestible protein (by 4.4-22.8%) and carotene (by 3.3-22.7%) in terms of nutritional value. Growing rabbits with the introduction of a dosage of 5% and 25% of the stinging nettle hay of the nutritional value of coarse fodders was characterized by the least feeds per 10 g of the gain as compared to the content in the traditional ration (1.17 kg of feed units/day). The introduction of 5% of the nettle hay into the rabbit ration as compared to the control group: influenced a decrease in the moisture content (the power of influence of -10,38%, P<0.001), an increase in the content of protein (the power of influence of 34.2%, P<0.01), zinc (the power of influence of 35.6%, P<0.01) and manganese (the power of influence of 34.2%, P<0.01) in the rabbit meat.
An Investigation into the relationship between AI enabled Chabot Interface and Online buying behavior of Consumers in Delhi NCR Region
Authors: Jain Manika , Khurana Jhanvi
Published: March 2022

The rapid advancement in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has offered tremendous opportunities to different organizations engaged in serving customers. AI provides a platter of add-ons that promise to enhance relationships with the stakeholders, to seamlessly upgrade and update marketing initiatives and to positively impact the consumer buying behaviour process. COVID-19 pandemic emerged as an immitigable disaster for many businesses; however, at the same time, online platforms gave way for a new edition of digital marketing. Thanks to the e-commerce websites consumers are now purchasing anything and everything online be it groceries or vegetables or clothes or washing machines. The need to physically visit a store to shop appeared to have weakened against the compulsion to shop from home during pandemic. However, studies have shown that given a chance, consumers will not trade-off traditional mode of shopping for online shopping, at least not completely. There still exists a desire to connect- physically, socially and emotionally- to buying process. In order impart personal touch to online shopping experience of the consumers a new AI enabled application, ‘Chatbot’, was developed. Chatbot assumes a human persona to enhance consumers’ online shopping experience, modify (amplify) their expectations related to product and assist them in making an informed purchase decision. Chatbots are a novel and trending artificial intelligence (AI) innovation. Through this study we attempt to investigate the impact of AI enabled Chatbots on pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase behaviours of consumers in Delhi NCR region. The study proposes to investigate the relationship between consumers’ interface with AI enable chatbots and the impact thereof on pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase behaviours. The implications of the study to marketers have also been suggested. The research employs correlation and regression techniques to test the research hypothesis on the Page primary data collected using a structured and undisguised questionnaire. The sample size is projected to be 200 respondents.
Genetic variability studies in cherry tomato for growth, yield, and quality traits in open field conditions
Authors:   Division of Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, J & K (India), Hussain K. , Lone Sameena ,   Division of Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, J & K (India), Malik Ajaz ,   Division of Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, J & K (India), Masoodi Khalid Z. ,   Transcriptomics laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, J & K (India), Dar Z.A. ,   Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, J & K (India), Nazir Nageena ,   Division of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, J & K (India), Ali Gowher ,   Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, J & K (India), Farwah Syeda ,   Division of Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar- 190 025, J & K (India)
Published: March 2022

The goal of this study was to learn more about the nature and extent of genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic progress in cherry tomatoes for various growth, yield, and quality traits. Ten diverse lines of cherry tomato were crossed in diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) and evaluated for genetic variability studies in open field conditions. The experimental findings revealed that the phenotypic variation and the genotypic variation were equal in magnitude for all the traits indicating less influence of environment on all these traits. High PCV, GCV, and genetic advance as percent mean was observed for several fruits plant-1, average fruit weight (g), fruit yield hectare-1 (q), reducing sugar (%), non-reducing sugar (%), total sugars (%), titratable acidity (%) and ascorbic acid content (mg100g-1), indicating the additive genetic effect. Phenotypic selection for their improvement could be achieved by simple selection.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Journal of Taiwan Academy of Periodontology during 1996-2020
Authors: Chia-Wei Lu Chia-Wei Lu , Chia-Wei Lu Cathy Yi-Wen Tsai , Cathy Yi-Wen Tsai Chia-Dan Cheng , Chia-Dan Cheng Mei-Chu Chen , Mei-Chu Chen Siao-Han Chen , Siao-Han Chen Chi-Hsiang Chung , Chi-Hsiang Chung Cheng-Yang Chiang , Cheng-Yang Chiang Ren-Yeong Huang , Ren-Yeong Huang Wan-Chien Cheng
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the publication trends during the past 25 years (1996-2020) in The Journal of Taiwan Academy of Periodontology (J Taiwan Periodontol). Material and Methods: The search strategy consisted of a manual search of the J Taiwan Periodontol in the library from September 1996 to December 2004, and an electronic search of the Taiwan Academy of Periodontology (TAP) website and Airiti Library for all the publications from March 2005 to December 2020. The bibliometric parameters, including year of publication, study design, scope of study, Taiwanese institute of origin, inter-in- stitute collaboration, authorship, inter-nation collaboration, and funding resource, were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the publications trends. Sig- nificance was accepted when the P value was < 0.05. Results: The study design of reviews and case report/series consisted of the majority of publications, and the number of publications has been steady throughout the investigat- ed time periods (1996-2000, 2001-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015, 2016-2020). However, cross-sectional studies declined significantly throughout the time periods (P <0.001). Pub- lication trends have been changing, and the frequency distribution of articles published relating to implantology has been significantly arising (P <0.001). The number of articles with single author published in the J Taiwan Periodontol has been decreasing statistically (P <0.001), in other words, the number of authors participating in a study has been increasing, sometimes amounting to more than five authors (P <0.001). Meanwhile, the frequency dis- tribution of single-instituted collaboration has decreased statistically. Conclusion: This is the first study provides valuable information regarding the breadth of study design, scope of study, institute of origin, inter-institute collaboration, authorship, inter-nation collaboration, and funding resource of articles published in the J Taiwan Perio- dontol. The trends of publications have changed within the time periods.

 
Accuracy Assessment of Static Computer-aided Implant Surgical Guide
Authors: Ping-Jung Hsieh Ping-Jung Hsieh , Ping-Jung Hsieh Yu-Lin Lai , Yu-Lin Lai Hsuan-Hung Chen , Hsuan-Hung Chen Ya-Chi Chen , Ya-Chi Chen Bor-Jian Chen , Bor-Jian Chen Jui-Ying Yen , Jui-Ying Yen Yi-Chen Hsieh , Yi-Chen Hsieh Yi-Chun Lin
Published: April 2022

As the progress of science and technology and its application in medical treatment, the static computer-aided surgical guide for implant surgery is commonly used nowadays. For achieving a more accurate implant position, factors affecting the accuracy of the computer- aided surgical guide are generally concerned. The aim of this article was to perform a comprehensive overview of literatures and assessment of patient-related, guide stent-related and surgery-related factors affecting the accuracy of the static computer-aided implant surgical guide. It could be concluded that the position of guide, types of tissue support, fixation of guide, types of guided surgery (totally or partially guided), the sleeve length, the key height, and the distance between the sleeve and the implant platform might influence the accuracy of static computer-aided implant surgery. Knowledge of factors related to the accuracy of the surgical guide can aid the clinician to place implants precisely and safety, prevent complications and achieve predictable outcomes.

 
Effect of Bioactive Agents on Alveolar Ridge Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Che-Hao Ting Che-Hao Ting , Che-Hao Ting Yi-Wen Cathy Tsai , Yi-Wen Cathy Tsai Chia-Dan Cheng , Chia-Dan Cheng Wen-Hsiang Huang , Wen-Hsiang Huang Da-Yo Yuh , Da-Yo Yuh 林詩淳 , Shih-Chun Lin Chih-Chi Sheen , Chih-Chi Sheen Wan-Chien Cheng
Published: April 2022

Objectives: This review aimed at investigating the impact of bioactive agents on alveolar ridge augmentation at peri-implant sites and edentulous ridges. Material and Methods: Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted for articles up to April 2021. Human randomized clinical trials, clinical trials, or retrospective studies reporting outcomes of alveolar ridge augmentation procedures with or without bioactive agents were included. Sinus lifting or extraction socket preservation articles were excluded in this study. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted to investigate ridge dimensional changes and complication rate. Results: Overall, ten articles were included in the quantitative analysis. In bone width and height augmentation, the weighted mean difference (WMD) of the horizontal bone gain at edentulous ridges was 0.38 mm (95% CI = 0.07 to 0.69 mm, p = 0.02) when comparing sites with and without PRP/PRF. The WMD of the vertical bone gain at edentulous ridges was 0.46 mm (95% CI = 0.06 to 0.86 mm, p = 0.02) when comparing sites with and without platelet- rich plasma (PRP) or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). When evaluating the effect of adjunctive use of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) at alveolar ridge augmentation sites compared to alveolar ridge augmentation sites without BMP application, the WMD of the horizontal bone gain at edentulous ridges was 0.90 mm (95% CI = 0.30 to 1.49 mm, p = 0.003). In addition, the odds ratio of the titanium mesh exposure was 0.13 (95% CI of 0.02 to 0.71, p = 0.02). All analyses showed favorable outcomes at the sites with bioactive agent. Conclusion: Within the limits of this review, application of bioactive agents during alveolar ridge augmentation procedures presents increased horizontal and vertical bone augmentative changes. The complication rate can also be reduced with usage of PRP/PRF in titanium mesh-guided alveolar ridge augmentation.

 