bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of technical level of new, promising models of equipment at the stage of their development in modern engineering practice
Authors: Skrypnik I L , Ksenofontov Yu G , Kaverzneva T T , Rumyantseva N V , Kiss V V
Published: May 2020

The problems of optimizing the selection of the best new model of technology are considered, based on an assessment of its functioning as part of the complex system. The composite indicator of the product technical level is proposed as such an assessment characteristic. It is represented by six basic components and can be used at all stages of the model development. Models and methods for calculating a generalized indicator of quality, novelty of technical solutions, functional and constructive organization, adaptability to advanced technology, reliability of a sample, its graphical representation based on classical methods of probability theory, expert and heuristic estimates, an ideal center, graph theory taking into account the functional cost analysis have been prepared.
Factors determining the decision on spatial location of mechanical engineering production forces
Authors: Fefelov A A , Malanina Yu N
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the search for the optimal spatial location of mechanical engineering production systems at the present stage of economic development of Russia. Spatial location is considered as an important investment issue that requires careful economic justification as part of choosing the appropriate strategy. The search for the most suitable place for spatial placement depends largely on what the mechanical engineering production system itself is. The article presents the approaches of various researchers, which are still relevant and valid in modern Russia, since they are focused on territories with a predominantly rural type of economy and are well correlated with the current system of administrative and territorial management of our country. The article describes a number of factors that affect the choice of spatial location of mechanical engineering production facilities, among which are the natural, historical, social, technical, economical, as well as governmental and political factors. The article concludes that the final decision on the specialization of the Russian Federation subject and the spatial location of machine-building production in the region depends on the requests of the entrepreneurs in a particular industry and the level of development of productive forces.
Development of a proactive project monitoring model
Authors: Averina T A , Glushkov A Yu , Moiseev S I , Shevchenko L V
Published: May 2020

The article proposes a model of proactive monitoring of the project performance consisting of a set of works. This model will allow you to predict in advance the values of the principal features of the project, the main of which is its duration. The use of this model in project management tasks will make it possible to make decisions at earlier stages. In the case of predicting the excess of their critical values, it becomes possible to take measures to eliminate the problem in advance. The mathematical model is based on the methods of regression analysis, namely, on modeling and forecasting the trends of the time series, consisting of the project deadlines at various points in time. The results of computational experiments are presented, which showed that the developed forecasting model provides adequate estimates and the forecasting results are in good agreement with empirical data. In addition, the model depends on a small number of parameters, the influence of which is studied in this paper.
Ways of automation and optimization of measuring instruments
Authors: Nektegyaev G G , Borisov A I
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the problem that forms the basis of automation of measurements and control, and reduction of time for control operations. Completely new requirements that should be presented to modern systems of measuring instruments are identified and described. The generalized structural diagram of the measuring instrument, which is common to any measuring instrument, is analyzed and the main automation tasks are identified. Particular attention is paid to the main functional tasks that automated measuring instruments should perform. The relevance of systematic approach to the creation of the production process using automated measuring instruments is analyzed. At the end of the article, it is shown that when using a systematic approach to creating modern production processes, it is possible to solve the problem of high-quality manufacturing of products by increasing the number of measurements and obtaining more complete data on the properties of products.
Technical and economic feasibility of the on-board location system application for the aircraft and satellite communication system
Authors: Kovalev I V , Andronov A S , Kartsan I N , Karaseva M V
Published: May 2020

The paper considers the joint application of the Iridium satellite communications system as well as the GLONASS and GPS satellite navigation systems that corresponds to the CNS/ATM concept. The originality of the proposed detection method is in constant communication between an object and a control center. The method can be applied to both manned and unmanned aircrafts. In any case, a control center can quickly respond to deviations of the trajectory of an object, or to an operation of accelerometers at critical overloads. The paper examines the advantages of introducing the Iridium satellite radio navigation system into the aviation sector to monitor aircrafts in both manned and unmanned aircrafts. Technical and economic advantages are given on the example of various search and rescue operations.
A model for generation a motion-blurred image of a radiating object’s shadow from a series of high-quality images
Authors: Galagan R , Muraviov A , Tomashuk A
Published: May 2020

The paper proposes a model of the reconstruction process for a series of images of the shadow casted by radiating cylindrical object and diffraction pattern from a motion-blurred image generated by an optical device at unequal speeds of an object’s movement and image generation by the device. Using the proposed model, methods and their software implementation, separate images of the shadow of the radiating objects and diffraction patterns were generated in order to obtain a motion-blurred image, which can later be stored in a database and used as a template for recognizing the trajectory and speed of an object’s movement, measuring its individual parameters, etc. The proposed model and methods can be improved and used in the future to optimize the optical monitoring system for the parameters of the radiating cylindrical objects, such as wire or optical fiber in the high-temperature process of their manufacture. Heated wire with a diameter of 200 microns made of NiCr alloy and carbon fiber with a diameter of 7 microns were used as the test objects for carrying out experiments.
Automation of air-conditioning systems with controlled microclimate in the Russian penitentiary system
Authors: Kiryanov A Y , Fokin R V , Vidov S V , Tkalich S A
Published: May 2020

The global development of information technology is increasingly integrated into all spheres of human life and is no exception to the technological field in which one of the most promising is the development of air conditioning systems with controlled microclimate. This study discusses some aspects of climate control using programmable logic microcontrollers. This study improves the efficiency of the use of air traffic control systems in the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation through the use of modern achievements of science and technology. The article presents two options for using different levels of automation in climate control systems in closed rooms of the Russian penitentiary system, depending on the volume of production, the algorithms of the climate control system are considered.
Virtual NOx-emission sensors for robust aero engine automatic control system
Authors: Kuznetcova T A , Avgustinovich V G
Published: May 2020

Modern robust control systems use built-in mathematical models for estimation of unmeasured by the direct methods parameters such as NOx emission. The two models of NOx emissions virtual sensor built into the smart controller of an aero engine low-emission combustion chamber are proposed in this study. A stochastic nonlinear mathematical model is based on the Zeldovich equation. It applies the superposition principle of NOx production in diffusion and homogeneous flames. Probability density distribution functions of the air-fuel mixture concentration in these flames take into account both of a spatial non-uniformity of the mixture composition and a harmonic component of the acoustic waves generated by the heat release. The NOx generation rate is averaged over the fuel flow through diffusion and homogeneous flames based on the probability density distribution function. An exponentiality of a decrease in the generation rate along the length of the combustor space is proposed. The concept of integral relations models has been developed with the use of numerical modeling of spatial and temporal non-uniformities of the air-fuel mixture concentration (4D-metamodeling) and available experimental data. Another virtual sensor model is based on the neural network. A well-known approach of NOx emissions prediction used in monitoring systems of gas turbine power plants is applied. The example of a neural network and results of its training on a real combustion chamber is presented. It is shown that the two or three-layer neural network having 20… 30 neurons provides an acceptable error (not exceeding 10%) of the NOx emission display and can be used as a virtual emission sensor in an engine control system. The normalized level of NOx emission per take-off and landing cycle is considered as a target function of the automatic control of low-emission combustion. The estimation of the level of NOx emission by a built-in virtual sensor is proposed for robust aero engine automatic control.
Automation of full-scale regression testing of radio monitoring equipment
Authors: Bizyukov P E , Radchenko D S , Tokarev A B , Matveev B V , Povetko V N , Slinchuk S A
Published: May 2020

Modern means of radio monitoring (RM) are complex hardware and software systems based on SDR (Software-defined Radio) technology. The software (SW) modernization of RM complexes requires the parallel work of large teams of developers. Introducing insufficiently coordinated changes in the software is accompanied by the risk of conflicts, failures and other side effects in the long-used software elements. In this case, failures do not always manifest themselves on mathematical models of systems, and sometimes they are found only in the framework of field tests. Delays in detecting such failures can significantly slow down the process of software modernization; therefore, it is very important for developers of RM tools to have a mechanism for the fastest and most accurate detection of problem situations that accompany the operation of equipment in real-life conditions. Recommendations on the creation of a mechanism for regression testing the performance of RM tools are given in this article. This mechanism is based on the development of a set of tests for a system that automatically controls both the item to be checked and the monitoring, signal-generating and measuring equipment, and is capable of interacting with the interface modules of the RM complexes without operator intervention. It is shown that the proposed testing methodology allows several times reducing the time spent searching for problematic situations of the functioning of RM in real operating conditions.
Designing and producing a geographic information system to forecast vegetation fire danger according to weather conditions
Authors: Glagolev V , Bazhenov R , Povkh I , Chuyko O , Dolmatova O
Published: May 2020

The article is concerned with the research and development of a geo information system for forecasting fire danger according to weather conditions. A structured approach is used to introduce the workflow process of the system in IDEF0 technique: generating data files/array, assessing the current fire danger, a spatial fire danger forecasted information and fire breaking-out, verifying the forecast index reliability and fire probability. The two-tiered architecture of a distributed data system and functional modules consisting of presentation logic, domain logic and database logic is focused on. Generation of meteorological data arrays is organized in a hypercube form and rated values of fire danger index. The surface planes of a hypercube include the month of fire danger season as well as the title and index of the weather station number, meteorological parameters and fire danger characteristics. The system is tested in the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region in order to construct fire probability maps according to weather conditions using the developed geographic information system based on MapInfo Professional 15 and programming environments MapBasic and RAD Studio Delphi 2010. Forecast verification of fire danger index of three days lead-time amounts to 85% on the first day, it is 80%on the 2nd day, they are 70% and 65% on the third and fourth days respectively. The probability of vegetation fires in the territory of Birobidzhan subdivision of the JAR Forest Department is calculated depending on weather conditions. The forecast success rate is 75%.
Using image processing to improve semaphore communication
Authors: Spenkov K A , Nikitin O R , Zhigalov I E , Dubov I R , Pozdnyakov A D
Published: May 2020

Currently, the training of semaphore communication of younger signalmen on ships has been canceled due to a lack of hours for training. However, according to statistics, a quarter of accidents at sea occur due to a lack of coordination between vessels. They are due to the complexity of using radio links in close interaction, when a ship can get into the “dead zone”. An alternative may be optical communication. At the same time, signal floodlights are not always visible in bright sunshine. An alternative is semaphore communication. This article discusses the possibility of replacing the signalman with technical means using digital image processing. The main issue under consideration is the use of RGB color histograms to determine the transmitted signal.
Method of hiding the architecture and configuration of the sensor network based on the dynamic topology
Authors: Kushko E A , Parotkin N Y
Published: May 2020

Sensor network usually refers to a wireless distributed self-configuring network that consists of sensors and execution units and is designed for machine-to-machine communication, automation, machine diagnostics, telemetry task solving. Sensor networks differ from other networks by the ease of use and deployment, low maintenance requirements, fault tolerance, and reliability. Every year, sensor networks, which are usually used in industrial systems, are increasingly exposed to malicious attacks. Although some sensor network communication protocols support encrypted connections, the nature of node data exchange allows attackers to identify key nodes and possible attack vectors. In this paper we present a method of hiding the architecture and configuration of the sensor network, which allows to protect against compromise not only the nodes involved in data exchange, but also the transmitted data. This method does not interfere with the attacker’s actions, but significantly complicates network traffic analysis, so that the intruder cannot carry out an attack because of the lack of data on network structure and configuration.
Asymptotic secrecy of the information protection by the usage of simple integer splitting method
Authors: Alhussain Amanie Hasn
Published: May 2020

The integer splitting method is a special method that is used to encrypt the text. In this method, each text character is represented as an integer in accordance with the selected code table after that this integer is replaced on the base of another number with a sequence of k integers (k-splitting level) and this is performed by the usage of modular arithmetic. This article studies the property of asymptotic secrecy of the simple integer splitting method when it is used in the field of cryptography; the research is conducted from the point view of the hacker. The purpose of using integer splitting method is to increase the level of security and provide the ability to control the degree of protection of information. So a lemma was proven in this article and as a conclusion we can notice that the more usage of the splitting level leads to the more level of safety and protection of information.
New information technologies in the estimation of stationary modes of the third type systems
Authors: Grigorenko V V , Bashkatova Yu V , Shakirova L S , Egorov A A , Nazina N B
Published: May 2020

More than 70 years ago, W. Weaver introduced the classification of all systems of nature. A special place in this classification was allocated to the third type systems, which (as was proved over the past 20 years) do not possess statistical stability. For such systems, it is proposed to construct pairwise comparison matrices of samples that demonstrate the lack of their homogeneity. In this regard, new invariants and new models are introduced to describe the stationary modes of the third type systems and their kinematics (motion) in state phase space. The parameters of the pseudo-attractors are calculated.
Organization of cluster systems based on the PCI Express switching environment
Authors: Vasyaeva N S , Vasyaeva E S
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the organization of computing cluster systems that have a limit on the maximum distance between computing nodes and data storage nodes. Known options of building clusters based on the PCI Express switching environment are considered as the most.
Classification of handwritten digits using the Hopfield network
Authors: Belyaev M A , Velichko A A
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the results of the classification of handwritten digits from the MNIST database using the Hopfield network. A strong correlation of training binary patterns does not allow the use of the standard Hebbian learning method. The application of the Storkey learning method increases the capacity of associative memory, and the optimized pattern binarization threshold and pattern size reduce the correlation of patterns. By optimizing these parameters, a network achieved a classification accuracy of 56.2% on a set of validation data used for network training. The selection of the optimal binarization threshold for a separate set of test images increased the classification accuracy to 61.5%.
Vision system for detection of defects on apples using hyperspectral imaging coupled with neural network and Haar cascade algorithm
Authors: Balabanov P V , Divin A G , Egorov A S , Yudaev V A , Lyubimova D A
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the development of algorithms for detecting defective apples transported on a roller conveyor using a vision system. In developing the algorithms, the possibility of classifying various regions of interest (intact and damaged by rot, scab, codling moth, as well as the conveyor) by the principal component method was investigated. When choosing the optimal spectral region for cluster analysis, spectrograms obtained in various spectral ranges, including Vis-NIR (400–1000 nm), NIR (780–1000 nm), and Vis (400–780 nm) were used. The PCA method showed that for the successful classification of the conveyor area, intact, decayed and damaged by the codling moth, it is necessary to use spectrograms in the Vis-NIR range. To classify these ROIs, it was proposed to use a direct distribution neural network with two hidden layers of 128 and 64 layers, respectively, the “relu” activation function in the hidden layers and the “softmax” activation function in the output layer. The optimal network configuration was determined experimentally. This configuration showed a classification accuracy of 0.847 on a test sample of 6,000 apples. Since the samples of spectrograms of scab and stem regions do not differ, for their classification in parallel with the neural network, it was proposed to use the Haar cascade classifier trained on 2000 two-dimensional images of apples in the visible region containing scab and stem regions. The classification accuracy was at least 0.95. The developed algorithm is intended for use in the robotic sorting of apples.
Differential parameter method of aircraft flight simulation in aviation virtual electronic proving grounds
Authors: Bestugin A R , Filin A D , Kirshina I A
Published: May 2020

The study has been carried out to justify and choose an optimal method of aircraft flight simulation when designing virtual electronic proving grounds. A differential parameter method and algorithm of a set aircraft flight path simulation has been proposed based on the target status word assignment corresponding to each simulated aircraft and the joint implementation of a set of Euler’s dynamical equations.
Transformation of types of signs for a task of the regression analysis
Authors: Narzullaev D Z , Abdurakhmanov B A , Baydullaev A S , Ilyasov Sh T , Shadmanov K K
Published: May 2020

Today there are a large number of methods and analysis algorithms of data for solution of problems of image identification, automatic classification, component, correlation and regression analysis which in case of availability of data of the different type nature become inapplicable because they are intended only for processing of quantitative information. The approach to solution of this problem named conversion of types of signs for a problem of regression analysis is described in the offered article. At the same time conversion of type of signs is presented in the form of the separate task allowing to pass from not quantitative signs to quantitative ones and in further processing to use all range of traditional methods of the analysis of an original information. The offered algorithm is implemented in integrated environment of working out of the of Delphi 10 Seattle software.
Development of LANE software for the modelling complex engineering systems in aerospace
Authors: Rakov Dmitry
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the modelling the complex engineering systems in Aerospace on pre-conceptual design stage. It has been established that the analytical dependence for the modelling do not fully satisfy the modern requirements for the accuracy of calculations and can lead to large errors. This suggests a lack of methodological security of modelling in the preconceptual design. The developed software LANE is a sequential process of iterative procedures of the modelling, decomposition, analysis and synthesis new complex engineering systems in Aerospace.
Mathematical model of distributed registry architecture based on cloud and fog technologies
Authors: Vorobyev S P , Shirobokova S N , Evsin V A
Published: May 2020

The formalized statement of the problem of the distribution of computing and information resources for storing and processing data, as well as the provision of services at the levels of the cloud and fog systems within the framework of optimizing the multi-level topology of the computing network of the distributed registry system from cloud and fog computing paradigm, is presented. The possibility of using a multi-level representation of the topological structure to determine the optimal network architecture of a distributed registry system based on cloud and fog computing using the genetic algorithm for a fractal model of information traffic is shown, in particular, the results of an experiment to minimize response time from the number of generations for Poisson and fractal models are presented traffic.
Development of the formal model of the optical recognition mechanism for tabular documents
Authors: Rabin A V , Petrushevskaya A A
Published: May 2020

The article describes the tasks of the optical recognition system for tabular documents and the development of a formal model of the optical recognition mechanism for tabular documents. The aim of the study is to use the developed system of automatic analysis of platform-type documentation as expert and training to support decision making, semantic analysis or audit of any content, including in other industries based on the principle of automatic filling of ontologies. The proposed system will allow to overcome this barrier in a cardinal way – by automatically creating a database. In this case, the user’s role will be reduced to the choice of sources for filling ontologies (the choice of thesauruses, corpus of texts in machine-readable or natural language, etc.) and the configuration of inference rules, i.e., essentially, to the configuration operations.
Optical diagnostics fractal structures: methodical aspects
Authors: Korolenko P , Ryzhikova Yu
Published: May 2020

The properties of fractal structures defined by complex functions are tested. The amplitude-phase characteristics and spatial spectra of probing light beams are considered. An important methodic aspect of spectral analysis of structures with fractal geometry is the ability to expand the range of information obtained by parallel amplitude and phase processing. In deciphering the Fourier images of fractals, one can use the discovered fact that the intensity maxima and phase singularities coincide. As a positive point, it should be noted a high degree of the spatial spectrum stability to the influence of optical noise. The registered degree of asymmetry of the Fourier image structure can be used to determine the level of phase disturbances in the initial light field. The performed work expands the knowledge of factors requiring consideration in the optical diagnostics of fractal objects.
Interaction between convective cloud systems and the Earth’s surface
Authors: Turko S Yu , Vlasenko M V , Trubakova K Yu , Khnyckin A S
Published: May 2020

The nature of interaction between electric fields in convective cloud systems with the underlying surface is considered. Differences in charge potentials at different points of the Earth are indicated. Modern theories about the appearance of positive and negative charges in clouds, about the development of lightning and places of their destruction are presented. Data on the influence of cloud systems depending on the properties of the Earth’s surface are presented. It is established that the interaction of cloud systems with the earth’s surface depends on the electrical properties of clouds. This interaction depends on the following factors: humidity, density, temperature, chemical and mineralogical composition, soil particle composition, structure, nature and properties of the soil solution.
Modeling the salt-dust aerosols distribution in the atmosphere, taking into account the soil erosion
Authors: Ravshanov N , Ravshanov Z , Bolnokin V E
Published: May 2020

In the general case, when modelling the process of air pollution dispersion, it is necessary to take into account factors associated with the interaction of air mass with the underlying earth surface or wind erosion. The main purpose of this work is to study the factors affecting the amount of particulates carried upward from the soil into the air due to wind erosion. The study of this aspect is very relevant for the analysis of environmental situation in the Aral region of Uzbekistan. The major share of harmful substances emission in Aral Sea region is undertaken by dust, salts and toxic chemicals blown up from dried bottom of the Aral Sea. Thus, in mathematical modelling of atmospheric dispersion process, it is necessary to take into account the physic and mechanical properties of the particles and basic forces acting on them. In the paper there are presented certain numerical calculations for studying the process of soil erosion depending on the air mass velocity of the atmosphere, the size and density of particles, and the acting forces. The basic forces that play a significant role in the process of soil erosion were determined by carried numerical calculations.
Model for calculating the reaction rates of nitrogen oxide formation in a diesel cylinder
Authors: Lopatin O P
Published: May 2020

For the purpose of considering the activated complex, the uncertainty relation from quantum mechanics is used. It is assumed that at the peak of the parabola, the complex corresponds to a volume with finite dimensions. In classical theories, such assumptions exist, and since the barrier has a flat shape, the accepted assumptions do not change the overall picture of the main chemical reactions of combustion. It follows that you can use a statistical average from a set of complexes, which will allow you to get the same result. Statically, the reaction rates are considered with the assumption that the initial substances and activated complexes are found in the equilibrium state. The presented model makes it possible to calculate the values of the pre-exponential multiplier of chemical reactions and, consequently, the absolute rate of formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the diesel cylinder.
Study of thermal conductivity temperature dependence for amorphous materials based on Al2O3 and SiO2 oxides
Authors: Maryushin L A , Tikhonova D A , Kiryanov I I
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study the process of thermal energy transfer in materials with pronounced crystalline structure and to analyze thermophysical heat transfer mechanisms in Al2O3, SiO2 oxides (fused quartz, quartz glass). The dependence of thermal conductivity versus temperature for materials in which heat transfer is determined by conduction electrons is graphically shown.
Predicting the reliability of auxiliary equipment of heat sources
Authors: Bonnet V V , Loginov A Yu , Prudnikov A Yu , Bonnet Y V , Bonnet M V
Published: May 2020

Service equipment of the heat sources taken by supervision consisted of centrifugal water pumps, blast air fans and exhausters. Robust and fail safe operation of the heat sources is impossible without the effective operation of this service equipment. Malfunctions of the service equipment resгде in disruption of heat supply, losses and emergencies. Consequently, to provide a robust operation of the equipment there were found the impending failure, classified and described. The main type of the electric engines used for the electric drive of the working organs of the service equipment are asynchronous electric drives with a short-circuited rotor which is mostly exposed to the external influence. In this work there are collected and analyzed reasons of fault inception of the service equipment as well as methods to define the complex parameter of technical state is developed and its functional dependence on failure interval is set. The acquired data may be used to define the readiness of the equipment for operation to the coming period as well as plan its maintenance operation and overhaul.
Development of resource-saving technology for solid waste disposal of industrial gas dehumidifiers of petrochemical enterprises in the process of producing urethane rubbers
Authors: Kozhevnikova I V , Safiullina T R , Zenitova L A , Vdovina S V , Nurieva E N
Published: May 2020

Currently, environmental issues are receiving much attention. Considering the fact that several of the largest oil refining and petrochemical enterprises in Russia are concentrated in the Republic of Tatarstan, the improvement of the environmental situation near industrial territories is very important. Previously, the authors of the article investigated the possibility of using wastes of industrial gas dehumidifiers (silica gel and aluminum oxide) as fillers for urethane rubbers of the SKU-OM and SKU-PFL types, both cold and hot cured. Studies have shown that the introduction of silica gel in the injection composition of SKU-OM and SKU-PFL is possible up to 20% of the mass without deterioration of physical and mechanical properties, and spent alumina can be introduced into SKU-OM up to 50% of the mass, which is absolutely not typical for this type of rubber. Thus, the strength properties remain at the level of unfilled analogues, the oil and gas resistance of the compositions increase. Based on these studies, the authors proposed three flowcharts of technological processes, the first of which is a generalized scheme for converting silica gel and alumina waste into secondary material resources, or, basically, into fillers for polymer and rubber mixtures. The second and third schemes are improved flowcharts for the production of injection molded urethane rubbers hot cured (scheme 2) and cold cured (scheme 3). Both schemes can be implemented at enterprises for the production of injection molding polyurethanes, as well as at oil refineries. Economic calculations showed a reduction in the cost of the final polyurethane product by 29% in the case of used silica gel, and by 9% when filling polyurethane with aluminum oxide waste.
The effect of the use of natural gas on the emissivity of a flame in a cylinder of an automobile diesel engine
Authors: Rossokhin A V , Anfilatov A A
Published: May 2020

The issues and features of heat transfer in the cylinder of a high-speed diesel engine of 4CHN 11,0/12,5 dimension when working on diesel and gas engine fuel (gas-diesel process) are considered. The spectral and integrated radiation characteristics of soot particles in the cylinder of the 4CHN 11,0/12,5 gas diesel engine were calculated depending on the angle of rotation of the crankshaft.
Impact of methanol use in a diesel engine on workflow performance
Authors: Anfilatov A A , Chuvashev A N
Published: May 2020

World experience in solving environmental problems associated with the use of diesel engines as propulsion systems allows us to conclude that the most acceptable solution to the problem of reducing exhaust gas toxicity and improving environmental performance is the use of alternative fuels. Gaseous hydrocarbon fuels (natural gas and propane-butane), which are environmentally friendly motor fuels, are most widely used in road transport. Among liquid alternative fuels, fuel ethanol and methanol are the most common. Vyatka state agricultural Academy has been conducting research on converting internal combustion engines to synthetic motor fuel for many years. The article presents the results of using methanol as a motor fuel when it is fed directly into the diesel combustion chamber through a multi-jet nozzle. Indicator diagrams obtained in the maximum torque mode are analyzed.
Improvements in industrial energy rationing methods
Authors: Rakhmonov I U , Reymov K M , Dustova S H
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the existing methods of rationing the electrical consumption of industrial enterprises. The results of the analysis of the state of normalization of electric consumption in the ferrous metallurgy industry are given. The developed multilevel structure of normalization of electric consumption by results of research which gives prospects of definition of possibility of energy saving on considered object is described.
Energy-economic analysis of the applicability of supercritical fluid extraction of ethylene oxide
Authors: Akhmetlatyypova D D
Published: May 2020

A new scheme has been developed for the separation of ethylene oxide from its aqueous solution using supercritical carbon dioxide and further concentration of the product. An energy and economic comparative analysis of new methods of the separation of ethylene oxide from an aqueous solution and its further concentration with the traditional scheme has been carried out. This analysis showed that a scheme with supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide and the addition of propane into the scheme is energetically and economically advantageous.
Study of velocity characteristics of section based on data acquired by seismic technique of Parametric Deconvolution of Reflection
Authors: Ahmedov T R , Amirov A M
Published: May 2020

The paper is devoted to more accurate design of velocity model of geological section on the basis of Parametric Deconvolution of Reflections (PRO) technique. CDP technique applied widely does not solve too many problems without resolution of which the petroleum industry in the country will definitely be behind the leading petroleum industries worldwide. The reason of such low economic indexes of geological survey consists in no improvement of resolution ability of CDP technique in Azerbaijan for over 30 years. One of the most complex and important tasks of seismic survey in areas with complicated setting in Azerbaijan consists in evaluation of velocity characteristics of geological environment which is crucial for development of adequate geological model. The paper gives the examples of practical use of PRO method applied to real seismic data from the worldwide practice. Results of PRO velocities calibration with the average velocities of vertical seismic profiling has been shown: the curves almost coincide. It has been noted that detailed development of velocity model by use of PRO allows to successfully resolve kinematic, as well as dynamic problem: velocity anomalies (low interval velocities) are stipulated by gas deposit presence. Results of PRO application in one of the areas of Absheron oil and gas region are displayed. Study of PRO velocities allowed to outline low velocity areas related to overpressure zones and possible presence of oil and gas reservoirs. Recently drilled well recovered oil and gas horizon in Miocene deposits.
Complex permittivity of organic solvents at microwave frequencies
Authors: Zarubina A Yu , Kibets S G , Politiko A A , Semenenko V N , Baskov K M , Chistyaev V A
Published: May 2020

The complex electrical permittivity of industrially produced organic solvents of several classes with different abilities to form hydrogen bonds, such as ketones (acetone, 2-butanone), alcohols (ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol), acetic esters (ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate), hydrocarbon solvents (toluene, ortho-xylene, heptane, solvent Nefras), chlorine-containing solvents (carbon tetrachloride, tetrachlorethylene), as well as a mixed solvent based on acetone, butyl acetate and ortho-xylene of brand R-5A, were studied. The frequency dependences of permittivity were measured by the coaxial probe method in a wide frequency range from 200 MHz to 20 GHz. It is shown that the chemical nature of solvents has a significant effect on their permittivity. It was found that solvents with weak hydrogen bonds (hydrocarbons and chlorine-containing solvents) have low values of the permittivity (not higher than 2.6) and negligible dielectric losses. Solvents with moderately strong bonds (acetic acid esters and ketones) have high values of permittivity with pronounced frequency dispersion, noticeable dielectric losses and Debye relaxation frequency above 20 GHz. Strong hydrogen bonded solvents (alcohols) are characterized by high values of the permittivity with significant frequency dispersion and Debye relaxation frequency below 1.5 GHz.
The effect of operational modes of diesel engines to emissions of nitrogen oxides
Authors: Lopatin O P
Published: May 2020

The levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are presented depending on the operating modes of diesel engines, which determine on the one hand the existence of high temperatures in the cycle, at which there is intense nitrogen oxidation, and on the other hand, depending on the value of the excess air coefficient α, the excess of free oxygen for nitrogen oxidation.
Digital control circuit of a pulse voltage stabilizer implemented by Field-Programmable Gate Array
Authors: Titovskii S N , Titovskaya T S , Titovskaya N V
Published: May 2020

The article describes the digital control circuit of a pulse voltage stabilizer using a kind of integral-differential control law. The article discusses the implementation of such a control circuit on the Cyclone II EP2C20 FPGA in the form of a Leon3 IP processor core, which contains, in addition to standard configuration nodes, a specially designed timer-counter. The test results of a stabilizer prototype with the described control circuit are presented.
Control unit for a high voltage installation of X-ray microtomograph
Authors: Trubitsyn A A , Polonsky B A , Grachev E Yu , Davydov G V , Agaltsov K D
Published: May 2020

A control and indication unit for current operating parameters has been developed for the Spellman XRF-160 high-voltage generator with an output voltage of up to 160 kV, used as part of a high-voltage X-ray microtomograph installation. Thanks to the use of isolating amplifiers in the unit, galvanic separation of the circuits for the formation of control and indication signals with executive circuits of the high-voltage generator is implemented. This makes it possible to virtually eliminate the possibility of the formation of stray ground loops and the flow of dangerous pulsed currents from electrostatic and corona discharges of a high-voltage source in the sensitive circuits of the tomography recording camera and Ethernet communication with the control computer and, as a result, radically increase the reliability of the device. The unit supports the operation of the XRF-160 generator in the modes of stabilization of the output voltage or stabilization of the emission current of the X-ray tube and provides adjustment and indication of the main parameters of the high-voltage installation - the maximum permissible and operating filament current of the cathode, high voltage and emission current of the tube. The unit is assembled in a typical 19-inch case.
Coupling to substrate adhesions drives the maturation of muscle stress fibers into myofibrils within cardiomyocytes
Authors: Taneja Nilay , Neininger Abigail C. , Burnette Dylan T.
Published: May 2020

Focal adhesions have been known to be involved in the assembly of sarcomere-containing myofibrils for decades. Here, we define several molecular players required for the connection between adhesions and myofibrils and show that the strength of this connection positively correlates with myofibril maturation.
4. Congruences, clocks, and calendars
Authors: Wilson Robin
Published: May 2020

‘Congruences, clocks, and calendars’ demonstrates how we might apply the idea of congruence, first introduced by Gauss in 1801, to problems such as testing which Mersenne numbers are primes and finding the day of the week on which a given date falls. Ancient Chinese puzzles depended on the solving of simultaneous linear congruences, inspiring mathematicians and giving rise to the Chinese Remainder Theorem. Exploring quadratic congruences leads towards the law of quadratic reciprocity, noted by Euler and Legendre and proved by Gauss. The problem, ‘Is 1066 a square or a non-square?’ can be solved by applying this law several times to reduce the numbers involved.
Ideological confrontations over globalization
Authors: Steger Manfred B.
Published: May 2020

Debates about globalization are often characterized by rhetoric suggesting it is either ‘a good thing’ or ‘a bad thing’. ‘Ideological confrontations over globalization’ focuses on the assumptions behind these concepts and clashes. Market globalism is underpinned by neoliberal theories which suggested that globalization is both positive and inevitable. Justice globalism has sprung up around the world with various ‘Occupy’-style movements, while religious globalisms seek to mobilize a religious community imagined in global terms in defence of religious values and beliefs thought to be under attack by the forces of secularism and consumerism. Recently, there has been a rise in ‘anti-globalization’ voices in authority from populist movements.
The future of globalization
Authors: Steger Manfred B.
Published: May 2020

‘The future of globalization’ explores three possible scenarios, first exploring the possibility of a backlash against globalization with the consequence of increased restrictions to movement and the strengthening of political authoritarianism. The second possibility is the weakening of nationalist populism and a return to a neoliberal, left-leaning globalization, possibly with a high-tech face. The third possibility is a stalemate between the two forces of nationalism and market globalism. Globalization has both caused and responded to new global problems beyond the reach of any one nation-state, and for new problems, we need new, more inclusive, and sustainable solutions guided by the principles of ethical globalism.
Unipept CLI 2.0: adding support for visualizations and functional annotations
Authors: Verschaffelt Pieter , Van Thienen Philippe , Van Den Bossche Tim , Van der Jeugt Felix , De Tender Caroline , Martens Lennart , Dawyndt Peter , Mesuere Bart
Published: May 2020

Unipept is an ecosystem of tools developed for fast metaproteomics data-analysis consisting of a web application, a set of web services (application programming interface, API) and a command-line interface (CLI). After the successful introduction of version 4 of the Unipept web application, we here introduce version 2.0 of the API and CLI. Next to the existing taxonomic analysis, version 2.0 of the API and CLI provides access to Unipept’s powerful functional analysis for metaproteomics samples. The functional analysis pipeline supports retrieval of Enzyme Commission numbers, Gene Ontology terms and InterPro entries for the individual peptides in a metaproteomics sample. This paves the way for other applications and developers to integrate these new information sources into their data processing pipelines, which greatly increases insight into the functions performed by the organisms in a specific environment. Both the API and CLI have also been expanded with the ability to render interactive visualizations from a list of taxon ids. These visualizations are automatically made available on a dedicated website and can easily be shared by users.

Availability and implementation

The API is available at http://api.unipept.ugent.be. Information regarding the CLI can be found at https://unipept.ugent.be/clidocs. Both interfaces are freely available and open-source under the MIT license.

Contact

pieter.verschaffelt@ugent.be

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Indirect connectome-based prediction of post-stroke deficits: prospects and limitations
Authors: Umarova Roza , Thomalla Götz
Published: May 2020

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Post-stroke deficit prediction from lesion and indirect structural and functional disconnection’, by Salvalaggio et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa156).