bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Submesoscale Frontal Instabilities Modulate Large‐Scale Distribution of the Winter Deep Mixed Layer in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension
Authors: Ding Yang , Xu Lixiao , Xie Shang‐Ping , Sasaki Hideharu , Zhang Zhengguang , Cao Haijin , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2022

In the mid‐latitude North Pacific, the wintertime ocean heat loss reaches the maximum in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension (KOE) region. However, the mixed layer depth (MLD) there is shallow (<50 m), flanked by a zonal band of deep MLD (>100 m) on either side. Such an observed mixed layer pattern is not reproduced by coarse‐resolution or mesoscale eddy‐resolving (1/10°) models. What causes the observed MLD shoaling along the KOE frontal region? Here we show that the mixed layer shoaling in the front is well reproduced by a 1/30°, submesoscale‐permitting ocean general circulation model, indicating that it is closely related to the submesoscale frontal dynamics. The geostrophic strain rate is strong along the sharp KOE front, favoring submesoscale frontal instabilities. The surface buoyancy loss during winter reduces stratification and enhances the fronts (i.e., with steeper, northward rising isopycnals). The available potential energy stored in the narrow fronts can be released in the form of eddy kinetic energy by the mixed layer baroclinic instabilities (MLI). The associated vigorous ageostrophic motions associated with MLI efficiently slump the vertically oriented isopycnals and restratify the mixed layer. Thus, the MLD is shallow in the KOE frontal region despite the strong surface heat loss and wind stirring during winter. The submesoscale processes revealed here have important implications for improving climate models.
Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System
Authors: Cawood Peter A. , Chowdhury Priyadarshi , Mulder Jacob A. , Hawkesworth Chris J. , Capitanio Fabio A. , Gunawardana Prasanna M. , Nebel Oliver
Published: December 2022

Understanding of secular evolution of the Earth system is based largely on the rock and mineral archive preserved in the continental lithosphere. Based on the frequency and range of accessible data preserved in this record, we divide the secular evolution into seven phases: (a) “Proto‐Earth” (ca. 4.57–4.45 Ga); (b) “Primordial Earth” (ca. 4.45–3.80 Ga); (c) “Primitive Earth” (ca. 3.8–3.2 Ga); (d) “Juvenile Earth” (ca. 3.2–2.5 Ga); (e) “Youthful Earth” (ca. 2.5–1.8 Ga); (f) “Middle Earth” (ca. 1.8–0.8 Ga); and (g) “Contemporary Earth” (since ca. 0.8 Ga). Integrating this record with knowledge of secular cooling of the mantle and lithospheric rheology constrains the changes in the tectonic modes that operated through Earth history. Initial accretion and the Moon forming impact during the Proto‐Earth phase likely resulted in a magma ocean. The solidification of this magma ocean produced the Primordial Earth lithosphere, which preserves evidence for intra‐lithospheric reworking of a rigid lid, but which also likely experienced partial recycling through mantle overturn and meteorite impacts. Evidence for craton formation and stabilization from ca. 3.8 to 2.5 Ga, during the Primitive and Juvenile Earth phases, likely reflects some degree of coupling between the convecting mantle and a lithosphere initially weak enough to favor an internally deformable, squishy‐lid behavior, which led to a transition to more rigid, plate like, behavior by the end of the early Earth phases. The Youthful to Contemporary phases of Earth, all occurred within a plate tectonic framework with changes between phases linked to lithospheric behavior and the supercontinent cycle.
Multi‐Scale Geomagnetic Forcing Derived From High‐Resolution Observations and Their Impacts on the Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Sheng Cheng , Deng Yue , Bristow William A. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Heelis Roderick A. , Gabrielse Christine
Published: December 2022

Techniques developed in the past few years enable the derivation of high‐resolution regional ion convection and particle precipitation patterns from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms All‐Sky Imager (ASI) observations, respectively. For the first time in this study, a global ionosphere‐thermosphere model (GITM) is driven by such high‐resolution patterns to simulate the I‐T response to the multi‐scale geomagnetic forcing during a real event. Specifically, GITM simulations have been conducted for the 26 March 2014 event with different ways to specify the high‐latitude forcing, including empirical models, high‐resolution SuperDARN convection patterns, and high‐resolution ASI particle precipitation maps. Multi‐scale ion convection forcing estimated from high‐resolution SuperDARN observations is found to have a very strong meso‐scale component. Multi‐scale convection forcing increases the regional Joule heating (integrated over the high‐resolution SuperDARN observation domain) by ∼30% on average, which is mostly contributed by the meso‐scale component. Meso‐scale electron precipitation derived from ASI measurements contributes on average about 30% to the total electron energy flux, and its impact on the I‐T system is comparable to the meso‐scale convection forcing estimated from SuperDARN observations. Both meso‐scale convection and precipitation forcing are found to enhance ionospheric and thermospheric disturbances with prominent structures and magnitudes of a few tens of meters per second in the horizontal neutral winds at 270 km and a few percent in the neutral density at 400 km through comparisons between simulations driven by the original and smoothed high‐resolution forcing patterns.
Lipid desaturation regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in mouse blastocyst-derived stem cells
Authors: Mannully Chanchal Thomas , Bruck-Haimson Reut , Zacharia Anish , Orih Paul , Shehadeh Alaa , Saidemberg Daniel , Kogan Natalya M. , Alfandary Sivan , Serruya Raphael , Dagan Arie , Petit Isabelle , Moussaieff Arieh
Published: December 2022

Stem cells are defined by their ability to self-renew and differentiate, both shown in multiple studies to be regulated by metabolic processes. To decipher metabolic signatures of self-renewal in blastocyst-derived stem cells, we compared early differentiating embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their extra-embryonic counterparts, trophoblast (T)SCs to their self-renewing counterparts. A metabolomics analysis pointed to the desaturation of fatty acyl chains as a metabolic signature of differentiating blastocyst-derived SCs via the upregulation of delta-6 desaturase (D6D; FADS2) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D; FADS1), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The inhibition of D6D or D5D by specific inhibitors or SiRNA retained stemness in ESCs and TSCs, and attenuated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis. D6D inhibition in ESCs upregulated stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (Scd1), essential to maintain ER homeostasis. In TSCs, however, D6D inhibition downregulated Scd1. TSCs show higher Scd1 mRNA expression and high levels of monounsaturated fatty acyl chain products in comparison to ESCs. The addition of oleic acid, the product of Scd1 (essential for ESCs), to culture medium, was detrimental to TSCs. Interestingly, TSCs express a high molecular mass variant of Scd1 protein, hardly expressed by ESCs. Taken together, our data suggest that lipid desaturation is a metabolic regulator of the balance between differentiation and self-renewal of ESCs and TSCs. They point to lipid polydesaturation as a driver of differentiation in both cell types. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), essential for ESCs are detrimental to TSCs.
The estrous cycle modulates early-life adversity effects on mouse avoidance behavior through progesterone signaling
Authors: Laham Blake J. , Murthy Sahana S. , Hanani Monica , Clappier Mona , Boyer Sydney , Vasquez Betsy , Gould Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

Early-life adversity (ELA) increases the likelihood of neuropsychiatric diagnoses, which are more prevalent in women than men. Since changes in reproductive hormone levels can also increase the probability of anxiety disorders in women, we examined the effects of ELA on adult female mice across the estrous cycle. We found that during diestrus, when progesterone levels are relatively high, ELA mice exhibit increased avoidance behavior and increased theta oscillation power in the ventral hippocampus (vHIP). We also found that diestrus ELA mice had higher levels of progesterone and lower levels of allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid metabolite of progesterone, in the vHIP compared with control-reared mice. Progesterone receptor antagonism normalized avoidance behavior in ELA mice, while treatment with a negative allosteric modulator of allopregnanolone promoted avoidance behavior in control mice. These results suggest that altered vHIP progesterone and allopregnanolone signaling during diestrus increases avoidance behavior in ELA mice.
Epithelial TGFβ engages growth-factor signalling to circumvent apoptosis and drive intestinal tumourigenesis with aggressive features
Authors: Flanagan Dustin J. , Amirkhah Raheleh , Vincent David F. , Gunduz Nuray , Gentaz Pauline , Cammareri Patrizia , McCooey Aoife J. , McCorry Amy M. B. , Fisher Natalie C. , Davis Hayley L. , Ridgway Rachel A. , Lohuis Jeroen , Leach Joshua D. G. , Jackstadt Rene , Gilroy Kathryn , Mariella Elisa , Nixon Colin , Clark William , Hedley Ann , Markert Elke K. , Strathdee Douglas , Bartholin Laurent , Redmond Keara L. , Kerr Emma M. , Longley Daniel B. , Ginty Fiona , Cho Sanghee , Coleman Helen G. , Loughrey Maurice B. , Bardelli Alberto , Maughan Timothy S. , Campbell Andrew D. , Lawler Mark , Leedham Simon J. , Barry Simon T. , Inman Gareth J. , van Rheenen Jacco , Dunne Philip D. , Sansom Owen J.
Published: December 2022

The pro-tumourigenic role of epithelial TGFβ signalling in colorectal cancer (CRC) is controversial. Here, we identify a cohort of born to be bad early-stage (T1) colorectal tumours, with aggressive features and a propensity to disseminate early, that are characterised by high epithelial cell-intrinsic TGFβ signalling. In the presence of concurrent Apc and Kras mutations, activation of epithelial TGFβ signalling rampantly accelerates tumourigenesis and share transcriptional signatures with those of the born to be bad T1 human tumours and predicts recurrence in stage II CRC. Mechanistically, epithelial TGFβ signalling induces a growth-promoting EGFR-signalling module that synergises with mutant APC and KRAS to drive MAPK signalling that re-sensitise tumour cells to MEK and/or EGFR inhibitors. Together, we identify epithelial TGFβ signalling both as a determinant of early dissemination and a potential therapeutic vulnerability of CRC’s with born to be bad traits.
Realizing symmetry-guaranteed pairs of bound states in the continuum in metasurfaces
Authors: Doiron Chloe F. , Brener Igal , Cerjan Alexander
Published: December 2022

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have received significant attention for their ability to enhance light-matter interactions across a wide range of systems, including lasers, sensors, and frequency mixers. However, many applications require degenerate or nearly degenerate high-quality factor (Q) modes, such as spontaneous parametric down conversion, non-linear four-wave mixing, and intra-cavity difference frequency mixing for terahertz generation. Previously, degenerate pairs of bound states in the continuum (BICs) have been created by fine-tuning the structure to engineer the degeneracy, yielding BICs that respond unpredictably to structure imperfections and material variations. Instead, using a group theoretic approach, we present a design paradigm based on six-fold rotational symmetry (C6) for creating degenerate pairs of symmetry-protected BICs, whose frequency splitting and Q-factors can be independently and predictably controlled, yielding a complete design phase space. Using a combination of resonator and lattice deformations in silicon metasurfaces, we experimentally demonstrate the ability to tune mode spacing from 2 nm to 110 nm while simultaneously controlling Q-factor.
Deconstruction of a hypothalamic astrocyte-white adipocyte sympathetic axis that regulates lipolysis in mice
Authors: Chen Dan , Qi Yong , Zhang Jia , Yang Yunlei
Published: December 2022

The role of non-neuronal glial cells in the regulation of adipose sympathetic nerve activity and adipocyte functions such as white adipose tissue lipid lipolysis is poorly understood. Here, we combine chemo/optogenetic manipulations of medio-basal hypothalamic astrocytes, real-time fiber photometry monitoring of white adipose tissue norepinephrine (NE) contents and nerve activities, electrophysiological recordings of local sympathetic inputs to inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and adipose tissue lipid lipolytic assays to define the functional roles of hypothalamic astrocytes in the regulation of iWAT sympathetic outflow and lipolysis. Our results show that astrocyte stimulation elevates iWAT NE contents, excites sympathetic neural inputs and promotes lipolysis. Mechanistically, we find that sympathetic paravertebral ganglia (PG) partake in those astrocyte effects. We also find that astrocyte stimulation excitespro-opiomelanocortin(POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH), and chemogenetic inhibition of POMC neurons blunts the effects induced by astrocyte stimulation. While we cannot exclude potential roles played by other cell populations such as microglia, our findings in this study reveal a central astrocyte-peripheral adipocyte axis modulating sympathetic drive to adipose tissues and adipocyte functions, one that might serve as a target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of obesity.
2D honeycomb transformation into dodecagonal quasicrystals driven by electrostatic forces
Authors: Schenk Sebastian , Krahn Oliver , Cockayne Eric , Meyerheim Holger L. , de Boissieu Marc , Förster Stefan , Widdra Wolf
Published: December 2022

Dodecagonal oxide quasicrystals are well established as examples of long-range aperiodic order in two dimensions. However, despite investigations by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), photoemission spectroscopy as well as density functional theory (DFT), their structure is still controversial. Furthermore, the principles that guide the formation of quasicrystals (QCs) in oxides are elusive since the principles that are known to drive metallic QCs are expected to fail for oxides. Here we demonstrate the solution of the oxide QC structure by synchrotron-radiation based surface x-ray diffraction (SXRD) refinement of its largest-known approximant. The oxide QC formation is forced by large alkaline earth metal atoms and the reduction of their mutual electrostatic repulsion. It drives the n = 6 structure of the 2D Ti2O3 honeycomb arrangement via Stone–Wales transformations into an ordered structure with empty n = 4, singly occupied n = 7 and doubly occupied n = 10 rings, as supported by DFT.
Cov-caldas: A new COVID-19 chest X-Ray dataset from state of Caldas-Colombia
Authors: Alzate-Grisales Jesús Alejandro , Mora-Rubio Alejandro , Arteaga-Arteaga Harold Brayan , Bravo-Ortiz Mario Alejandro , Arias-Garzón Daniel , López-Murillo Luis Humberto , Mercado-Ruiz Esteban , Villa-Pulgarin Juan Pablo , Cardona-Morales Oscar , Orozco-Arias Simon , Buitrago-Carmona Felipe , Palancares-Sosa Maria Jose , Martínez-Rodríguez Fernanda , Contreras-Ortiz Sonia H. , Saborit-Torres Jose Manuel , Montell Serrano Joaquim Ángel , Ramirez-Sánchez María Mónica , Sierra-Gaber Mario Alfonso , Jaramillo-Robledo Oscar , de la Iglesia-Vayá Maria , Tabares-Soto Reinel
Published: December 2022

The emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic forced researchers worldwide in various disciplines to investigate and propose efficient strategies and/or technologies to prevent COVID-19 from further spreading. One of the main challenges to be overcome is the fast and efficient detection of COVID-19 using deep learning approaches and medical images such as Chest Computed Tomography (CT) and Chest X-ray images. In order to contribute to this challenge, a new dataset was collected in collaboration with “S.E.S Hospital Universitario de Caldas” (https://hospitaldecaldas.com/) from Colombia and organized following the Medical Imaging Data Structure (MIDS) format. The dataset contains 7,307 chest X-ray images divided into 3,077 and 4,230 COVID-19 positive and negative images. Images were subjected to a selection and anonymization process to allow the scientific community to use them freely. Finally, different convolutional neural networks were used to perform technical validation. This dataset contributes to the scientific community by tackling significant limitations regarding data quality and availability for the detection of COVID-19.
Equilibrium space and a pseudo linearization of nonlinear systems
Authors: Sakata Ryotaro , Oshima Tatsuya , Kawai Shin , Nguyen-Van Triet
Published: December 2022

This paper attempts to extend the concept of the equilibrium point to what is called equilibrium space, which can adapt to a system in which there exists an infinite number of equilibrium points. In the context of Lyapunov’s linearization method extended for the equilibrium space, this paper proposes a pseudo linearization, from which we can derive a linear representation for a nonlinear system. The equilibrium state of this pseudo linearization and its stability are shown to be the same as that of the original nonlinear system. As an example of the applicability, the proposed pseudo linearization is applied to derive a discrete-time model for a control moment gyroscope system from a nonlinear continuous-time model. Simulation results show that the discrete-time model derived using the proposed pseudo linearization yields responses that are closer to that of the continuous-time model than the discrete-time model derived by the well-known forward-difference method and the conventional pseudo linear representation method, even with a large sampling interval.
Direct thrombin inhibitors as alternatives to heparin to preserve lung growth and function in a murine model of compensatory lung growth
Authors: Tsikis Savas T. , Hirsch Thomas I. , Fligor Scott C. , Pan Amy , Joiner Malachi M. , Devietro Angela , Mitchell Paul D. , Kishikawa Hiroko , Gura Kathleen M. , Puder Mark
Published: December 2022

Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may require cardiopulmonary bypass and systemic anticoagulation. Expeditious lung growth while on bypass is essential for survival. Previously, we demonstrated that heparin impairs lung growth and function in a murine model of compensatory lung growth (CLG). We investigated the effects of the direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) bivalirudin and argatroban. In vitro assays of lung endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis were performed. C57BL/6 J mice underwent left pneumonectomy and subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pumps. Pumps were pre-loaded with normal saline (control), bivalirudin, argatroban, or heparin and outcomes were assessed on postoperative day 8. Heparin administration inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and significantly decreased lung volume in vivo, while bivalirudin and argatroban preserved lung growth. These findings correlated with changes in alveolarization on morphometric analysis. Treadmill exercise tolerance testing demonstrated impaired exercise performance in heparinized mice; bivalirudin/argatroban did not affect exercise tolerance. On lung protein analysis, heparin decreased angiogenic signaling which was not impacted by bivalirudin or argatroban. Together, this data supports the use of DTIs as alternatives to heparin for systemic anticoagulation in CDH patients on bypass. Based on this work, clinical studies on the impact of heparin and DTIs on CDH outcomes are warranted.
Copper laser patterning on a flexible substrate using a cost-effective 3D printer
Authors: Chakraborty Sajal , Park Ho-Yeol , Ahn Sung Il
Published: December 2022

We studied the cost effective direct laser patterning of copper (Cu) on thin polyimide substrates (PI thickness: 12.5–50 µm) using a 405 nm laser module attached to an inexpensive 3D printer. The focal length of the laser was intentionally controlled to reduce defects on patterned Cu and surface damage of PI under predetermined process conditions. The appropriate focal length was examined at various focal distances. Focal distances of − 2.4 mm and 3 mm were found for the shorter focal length (SFL) and longer focal length (LFL), respectively, compared to the actual focal length. This resulted in clean Cu line patterns without line defects. Interestingly, the SFL case had a different Cu growth pattern to that of LFL, indicating that the small difference in the laser incident angle could affect Cu precursor sintering. Cu square patterns had a lower resistivity of 70 μΩ·cm for an LFL after three or four laser scans, while the SFL showed a resistivity below 48 μΩ·cm for a one-time laser scan. The residues of the Cu precursor on PI were easily removed with flowing water and normal surfactants. However, the resistivity of the patterns decreased after cleaning. Among the scan gaps, the Cu square pattern formed at a 70 μm scan gap had the lowest sheet resistance and the least change in resistance from around 4 to 4.4 Ω/ϒ after cleaning. This result implies that the adhesion of the patterned Cu could be improved if the coated Cu precursor was well sintered under the proper process conditions. For the application of this method to bioelectronics, including biosensors, LEDs were connected to the Cu patterns on PI attached to the arm skin and worked well, even when the substrate PI was bent during power connecting.
Mimicking Fibrous Topographical Features of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Sharma S. , Nain A. S.
Published: December 2022

The fibrous extracellular matrix surrounding the tumor microenvironment remodels with various stages of cancer. The chemical and mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment can drive a malignant phenotype, increasing invasion and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment is known to be drastically different, with varying levels of changes associated with fiber density, alignment, and stiffness with cancer malignancy. Cancer cells respond to these ‘desmoplastic’ changes further by actively remodeling their environment, making the tumor increasingly malignant. Various techniques such as micropatterning, hydrogels, and fiber spinning have been developed which can mimic different aspects of the tumor microenvironment. With the help of these platforms, individual and collective tumor cell behaviors have been studied, and interesting observations have been captured involving the cell's protrusive activity, migration, forces, and genetic and molecular modifications. Here, we review the recent developments to recapitulate the fibrous tumor environment and resulting cell behavior. We emphasize the need to develop a comprehensive knowledge base of cell–fiber interactions derived from multiple platforms to advance the field of cancer mechanobiology.
Advanced Scaffold Fabrication using Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Scott Taylor E. , Guelcher Scott A.
Published: December 2022

Scaffolds are an essential component of tissue engineering and modeling that must meet tissue- and/or pathophysiological-specific design criteria. Recent advances in additive manufacturing have enabled the production of scaffolds with complex architectures that are able to mimic the rich chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics of the tumor niche. In this chapter, additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate scaffolds, including key design considerations, materials used, advantages and disadvantages, and applications in tumor and tumor microenvironment modeling will be reviewed.
Tissue-engineered Cancer Models in Drug Screening
Authors: Cao R. , Fomina A. , McGuigan A. P.
Published: December 2022

Novel anticancer therapeutics are urgently required to meet the increasing global cancer burden associated with aging populations. The development of new drugs is hindered by high failure rates at clinical stages, which are partly attributable to inadequate screening strategies which rely heavily on the use of cancer cell lines cultured in 2D and animal models. Although each of these models has certain advantages, they generally fail to accurately represent the human pathophysiology of malignant tumors. Emerging tissue-engineered 3D cancer models designed to better mimic in vivo tumors have the potential to provide additional tools to complement those currently available to address this limitation and improve drug discovery and translation in the long run. To successfully develop and implement a 3D cancer model for drug screening, several key steps are necessary: selection of the tumor type and concept to be modeled, identification of the essential components and set up of the model, model validation, establishment of a scalable manufacturing and analysis pipeline, and selection of a drug library to perform the screen. In this chapter, we elaborate on and evaluate each of these decision steps, highlight the challenges associated with each step, and discuss opportunities for future research.
Iron(ii)-α-keto acid complexes of tridentate ligands on gold nanoparticles: the effect of ligand geometry and immobilization on their dioxygen-dependent reactivity
Authors: Bera Abhijit , Sheet Debobrata , Paine Tapan Kanti
Published: December 2022

Iron(ii)-α-keto complexes of tridentate ligands immobilized on thiol-protected gold nanoparticles display enhanced reactivity in dioxygen-dependent decarboxylation and substrate oxidation. The geometry of ligands also affects catalytic dioxygen activation.
Nanostructured mixed transition metal oxide spinels for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Deka Sasanka
Published: December 2022

Illustration of the transition metal oxides considered and their supercapacitor studies.
Designing a multitarget In(iii) compound to overcome the resistance of lung cancer cells to cisplatin
Authors: Jiang Ming , Zhang Juzheng , Xu Shihang , Li Yanping , Li Wenjuan , Liang Hong , Yang Feng
Published: December 2022

The In compound exerts a chemotherapeutic effect through multiple mechanisms in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer.
Ferric ion substitution renders cadmium metal–organic framework derivatives for modulated Li storage based on local oxidation active centers
Authors: Jiang Wei , Gao Baihui , Yan Guosong , Xu Shichong , Chu Xianyu , Che Guangbo , Liu Bo , Lu Ming , Liu Chunbo
Published: December 2022

Fe3+ substituted Cd-based metal–organic framework deriving carbon-coated Fe3O4/Fe hybrid renders ion precise modulation to build local redox centers, exhibiting high Li+ storage performance.
Identification, molecular docking, and protective effects on H2O2-induced HEK-293 cell oxidative damage of antioxidant peptides from Pacific saury (Cololabis saira)
Authors: Luan Junjia , Wang Lei , Yang Junnan , Li Xuepeng , Wang Jinxiang , Cui Fangchao , Mi Hongbo , Xu Yongxia , Yi Shumin , Li Jianrong
Published: December 2022

We identified novel antioxidant peptides from Pacific saury (Cololabis saira).
Balance of photon management and charge collection from carbon-quantum-dot layers as self-powered broadband photodetectors
Authors: Hsiao Po-Hsuan , Kuo Kuan-Yi , Chen Yafeng , Wu Tsung-Yen , Chen Chia-Yun
Published: December 2022

The highly-sensitive, an rapid-response and self-powered photodetectors based on a single-layer carbon QD layers (CQDL) exhibit the remarkable photoresponsivity above 9.4 mA W−1, and detectivity above 5.9 × 1012 under broadband-light illuminations.
Photochemical halogen-bonding assisted generation of vinyl and sulfur-centered radicals: stereoselective catalyst-free C(sp2)–S bond forming reactions
Authors: Piedra Helena F. , Plaza Manuel
Published: December 2022

Constructing alkenyl sulfides has never been so easy! A new halogen-bonding assisted photochemical transformation allows for the catalyst free cross-coupling between vinyl halides and thiols under basic conditions and visible light irradiation.
Photoactivation of titanium-oxo cluster [Ti6O6(OR)6(O2CtBu)6]: mechanism, photoactivated structures, and onward reactivity with O2 to a peroxide complex
Authors: Brown Stephen E. , Mantaloufa Ioanna , Andrews Ryan T. , Barnes Thomas J. , Lees Martin R. , De Proft Frank , Cunha Ana V. , Pike Sebastian D.
Published: December 2022

The molecular titanium-oxo cluster [Ti6O6(OiPr)6(O2CtBu)6] can be photoactivated by UV light via a 2-electron pathway, which avoids free radicals, resulting in a deeply coloured mixed valent (photoreduced) Ti(iii/iv) cluster that can react with O2 to form a peroxide complex.
Truncated conjugation in fused heterocycle-based conducting polymers: when greater planarity does not enhance conjugation
Authors: Marin-Beloqui Jose Manuel , Gómez Sandra , Gonev Hristo Ivov , Comí Marc , Al-Hashimi Mohammed , Clarke Tracey M.
Published: December 2022

A Raman spectroscopy and theoretical study to find an unconventional structure-property relationship. A larger planarity forms an alternative truncated conjugation pathway that hinders the beneficial a-conjugation selenophene pathway.
Polymer sequence design via molecular simulation-based active learning
Authors: Ramesh Praneeth S , Patra Tarak K
Published: December 2022

We present a thorough analysis of active learning strategies for polymer sequence engineering and design.
Highly dispersed Cu2O quantum dots (about 2 nm) constructed by a simple functional group anchoring strategy boost the photocatalytic water splitting ability by 72 times
Authors: Hu Jindou , Shen Xiangjun , Liu Anjie , Lu Zhenjiang , Xie Jing , Hao Aize , Jiang Xinhui , Wang Jiangfeng , Cao Yali
Published: December 2022

Ultra-small Cu2O QDs with an average particle size of only 1.8 nm were anchored on the TiO2 surface. The QDs are uniformly dispersed and the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution yield is 72 times higher than that of commercial P25.
Effects of Explicit Vocabulary Interventions for Preschoolers: An Exploratory Application of the Percent of Goal Obtained Effect Size Metric
Authors: Patrona Ella , Ferron John , Olszewski Arnold , Kelley Elizabeth , Goldstein Howard
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Systematic reviews of literature are routinely conducted to identify practices that are effective in addressing educational and clinical problems. One complication, however, is how best to combine data from both group experimental design (GED) studies and single-case experimental design (SCED) studies. Percent of Goal Obtained (PoGO) has been developed as a metric to express the size of the effect relative to the distance to a goal, which could have broad applicability. This study sought to augment this descriptive index with estimates of standard errors, which are needed to use PoGO as an effect size metric in meta-analyses of SCED and GED studies. This study investigated the application of PoGO and standard errors to both SCED and GED studies examining a common intervention approach used with a single population.

Method:

Sixteen articles investigating explicit vocabulary instruction applied to pre-K and kindergarten students were identified. PoGO and standard errors were calculated for variations of explicit vocabulary interventions. Evaluated interventions included six studies using exclusively an SCED, nine studies using a GED, and one that used both.

Results:

PoGO was calculated for each treatment condition when applicable (i.e., alternating treatments designs). Standard errors and confidence interval limits also were calculated. PoGO effect size values ranged from 14.4% to 93.6%. PoGO for single-case experiments was 49.2% with a standard error of 7.26, and for group experiments, it was 30.8% with a standard error of 3.71.

Conclusion:

Despite variation in the percentage of goal obtained across studies, the high degree of overlap in PoGO and standard errors between single-case and group experiments provides an indication that systematic reviews can apply this effect size metric to combine information obtained across experimental designs.
A local search algorithm with hybrid strategies for the maximum weighted quasi‐clique problem
Authors: Zhou Jincheng , Liu Shuhong , Gao Jian
Published: December 2022

Identifying cohesive subgraphs is an important topic in graph theory and complex network analysis. The quasi‐clique, as a generalization of clique, can be used to identify the functional and structural properties of various networks. In this paper, the authors study the maximum weighted quasi‐clique problem and propose a local search algorithm for solving the problem. In the algorithm, an iterated local search method is used as the search framework. To find the quasi‐clique with the maximum total weights, hybrid vertex selection strategies are proposed and incorporated into the authors’ algorithm. The hybrid strategies utilize a probability‐based mechanism for choosing sub‐strategies in each round of the local search. The authors conduct experiments on synthetic networks and real‐world networks to show the effectiveness of the authors’ algorithm. The results indicate that hybrid strategies perform better than existing methods, and thus the authors’ algorithm has a good ability to tackle various networks.
Reversible hybrid control resonant converter for electric vehicle battery charging and discharging system
Authors: Chen Jeng‐Yue , Wu Sin‐Yan , Chiou Gwo‐Jen , Juang Fuh‐Shyang
Published: December 2022

In this study, the control modes in the newly designed converter include a variable frequency control mode, a phase shift control mode, and hybrid switching with a dual control mode. Compared with the traditional resonant converter, the newly designed converter has the following characteristics: (1) Zero voltage and zero current soft switching to improve converter efficiency in forward and reverse mode and wide voltage range, (2) solves the problem of voltage adjustment being difficult and switching loss increasing at light load for the resonant converter under the variable frequency control mode, (3) hybrid switching with a dual‐control strategy to resolve the design
difficulty of digital control in hybrid switching control mode, (4) a closed loop control for the resonant converter with hybrid switching and dual‐ control mode. Finally, In the forward charging mode, the input voltage is 400 V, the output voltage is 250–450 V, the maximum power is 1000 W, and the maximum efficiency is 96.69%. In reverse discharge mode, the input voltage is 250–450 V, the output voltage is 400 V, and the efficiency at full load is 95.13%. The maximum conversion efficiency is 97.57% when the output power is 840 W.
3D non-LTE iron abundances in FG-type dwarfs
Authors: Amarsi A. M. , Liljegren S. , Nissen P. E.
Published: December 2022

Iron is one of the most important elements in-stellar astrophysics. However, spectroscopic measurements of its abundance are prone to systematic modelling errors. We present three dimensional non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (3D non-LTE) calculations across 32 STAGGER-grid models with effective temperatures from 5000 K to 6500 K, surface gravities of 4.0 dex and 4.5 dex, and metallicities from −3 dex to 0 dex, and we study the effects on 171 Fe i and 12 Fe ii optical lines. In warm metal-poor stars, the 3D non-LTE abundances are up to 0.5 dex larger than 1D LTE abundances inferred from Fe i lines of an intermediate excitation potential. In contrast, the 3D non-LTE abundances can be 0.2 dex smaller in cool metal-poor stars when using Fe i lines of a low excitation potential. The corresponding abundance differences between 3D non-LTE and 1D non-LTE are generally less severe but can still reach ±0.2 dex. For Fe ii lines, the 3D abundances range from up to 0.15 dex larger to 0.10 dex smaller than 1D abundances, with negligible departures from 3D LTE except for the warmest stars at the lowest metallicities. The results were used to correct 1D LTE abundances of the Sun and Procyon (HD 61421), and of the metal-poor stars HD 84937 and HD 140283, using an interpolation routine based on neural networks. The 3D non-LTE models achieve an improved ionisation balance in all four stars. In the two metal-poor stars, they removed excitation imbalances amounting to 250 K to 300 K errors in effective temperature. For Procyon, the 3D non-LTE models suggest [Fe/H] = 0.11 ± 0.03, which is significantly larger than literature values based on simpler models. We make the 3D non-LTE interpolation routine for FG-type dwarfs publicly available, in addition to 1D non-LTE departure coefficients for standard MARCS models of FGKM-type dwarfs and giants. These tools, together with an extended 3D LTE grid for Fe ii from 2019, can help improve the accuracy of stellar parameter and iron abundance determinations for late-type stars.
The softness diagram for MaNGA star-forming regions: diffuse ionized gas contamination or local HOLMES predominance?
Authors: Pérez-Montero E. , Zinchenko I. A. , Vílchez J. M. , Zurita A. , Florido E. , Pérez-Díaz B.
Published: December 2022

Aims. We explore the so-called softness diagram – whose main function is to provide the hardness of the ionizing radiation in star-forming regions – in order to check whether hot and old low-mass evolved stars (HOLMES) are significant contributors to the ionization within star-forming regions, as suggested by previous MaNGA data analyses.

Methods. We used the code HCM-TEFF to derive both the ionization parameter and the equivalent effective temperature (T*), adopting models of massive stars and planetary nebulae (PNe), and exploring different sets of emission lines in the softness diagram to figure out the main causes of the observed differences in the softness parameter in the MaNGA and CHAOS star-forming region samples.

Results. We find that the fraction of regions with a resulting T* > 60 kK, which are supposedly ionised by sources harder than massive stars, is considerably larger in the MaNGA (66%) than in the CHAOS (20%) sample when the [S II] λλ 6716,6731 Å emission lines are used in the softness diagram. However, the respective fractions of regions in this regime for both samples are considerably reduced (20% in MaNGA and 10% in CHAOS) when the [N II] emission line at λ 6584 Å is used instead. This may indicate that diffuse ionised gas (DIG) contamination in the lower resolution MaNGA data is responsible for artificially increasing the measured T* as opposed to there being a predominant role of HOLMES in the H II regions.
Communication Strategy in Cultural Evolution Through Verbal Expression on Film Dua Garis Biru
Authors: Tiani Riris , Trifidya Meinar
Published: December 2022

Emotion is a pictures human feelings when faced with various different situations and conditions. Emotional expression a strategy for expressing one's feelings. Human emotions not only have function survival. It can also used as an energy generator that can provide power to be passionate human life. Emotions also messenger in life. The film Two Blue Lines is one of the films that depicts a person's various emotions when facing problems. The purpose this study to determine communication strategies in evolution of culture are form and function of emotions on films related to emotions. The analytical method used descriptive phenomenological method. The unit analysis that targeted verbal messages in context of emotions. Furthermore, it analyzed using the theory of emotion. The results this study indicate that form of communication strategy as a cultural evolution through the expression of emotions in the form of love, enjoyment, fear, and sadness. Emotional psychology functions as a survival, energy generator, and messenger.
A long-term monitoring database on fish and crayfish species in French rivers
Authors: Irz Pascal , Vigneron Thibault , Poulet Nicolas , Cosson Eddy , Point Thierry , Baglinière Erick , Porcher Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2022

The data presented here cover ∼4 decades of electrofishing surveys in mainland France rivers. Despite some changes in field protocols and sampling site locations over time, the ASPE database offers a unique set of 47,869 georeferenced and standardised sampling surveys. Fish individuals are identified to species, measured and weighted. Additional information encompasses habitat features as well as “river health” assessment by two fish-based indices. Though preferentially focused on fishes, the surveys also report crayfish data. Numerous studies have been already published using these data, mainly on the fields of macroecology, community and/or population ecology and bioassessment. However, we believe much more knowledge can be gained from the database in fields such as population dynamics or conservation practices in the context of global change.
Therapie von komplizierten proximalen Radiusfrakturen mit
Köpfchen
Authors: Abend Annika
Published: December 2022

Viele Radiusfraktur-Patient*innen können ihren Arm nur noch
eingeschränkt bewegen. Frau L. ist eine von ihnen. Tägliche
Zweifel, spürbare Einschränkungen bei jeder Bewegung und die
Hoffnung auf komplette Wiederherstellung begleiteten die gemeinsame Arbeit. Frau
L. verzeichnete durch ihren Ehrgeiz und ihre Stärke einen fantastischen
Therapieerfolg. Der Preis dafür: viel Disziplin, Geduld und
Training.
Indikationsstellung in der Adipositastherapie – Surgeons first? // Indications in obesity therapy - surgeons first?
Authors: von Heesen Maximilian
Published: December 2022

Die Adipositas ist weltweit ein zunehmendes Problem. Seit dem Jahr 2010 waren erstmals mehr Menschen übergewichtig als untergewichtig. Insbesondere die adipositasassoziierten Erkrankungen,
allen voran der Diabetes mellitus Typ II, stellen das Gesundheitssystem vor enorme Herausforderungen. Am 3. Juli 2020 hat der Deutsche Bundestag Adipositas als Krankheit anerkannt und die
Entwicklung eines Disease-Management-Programms (DMP) angestoßen, das zurzeit ausgearbeitet wird. Bisher richtet sich die Indikation einer Behandlung der Adipositas in Deutschland nach der
S3-Leitlinie „Chirurgie der Adipositas und metabolischer Erkrankungen“ der DGAV von 2018 und der S3-Leitlinie „Prävention und Therapie der Adipositas“ der Deutschen Adipositas-Gesellschaft
e. V. von 2014. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuell in Deutschland verfügbaren konservativen, medikamentösen, endoskopischen und chirurgischen Therapiemethoden des
Übergewichts und der Adipositas und erläutert die Indikationen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Neuausrichtung der Adipositasbehandlung im Rahmen des DMP und der anstehenden Überarbeitungen der
Leitlinien sollte die bisherige Indikationsstellung kritisch diskutiert werden. Die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre zeigen, dass durch eine chirurgische Behandlung der
Adipositas aktuell im Langzeitverlauf nicht nur der größte Gewichtsverlust erreicht wird, sondern auch, dass adipositasassoziierte Erkrankungen effektiver behandelt werden und die
Gesamtmortalität im Vergleich zur konservativen Behandlung deutlich effektiver gesenkt wird.
Virtual Planning and 3D Printing in the Management of Acute Orbital Fractures and Post-Traumatic Deformities
Authors: Sharaf Basel , Leon Daniel E. , Wagner Lilly , Morris Jonathan M. , Salinas Cristina A.
Published: December 2022

Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and three-dimensional (3D) printing have advanced surgical reconstruction of orbital defects. Individualized 3D models of patients' orbital bony and soft tissues provide the surgeon with corrected orbital volume based on normalized anatomy, precise location of critical structures, and when needed a better visualization of the defect or altered anatomy that are paramount in preoperative planning. The use of 3D models preoperatively allows surgeons to improve the accuracy and safety of reconstruction, reduces intraoperative time, and most importantly lowers the rate of common postoperative complications, including over- or undercontouring of plates, orbital implant malposition, enophthalmos, and hypoglobus. As 3D printers and materials become more accessible and cheaper, the utility of printing patient-specific implants becomes more feasible. This article summarizes the traditional surgical management of orbital fractures and reviews advances in VSP and 3D printing in this field. It also discusses the use of in-house (point-of-care) VSP and 3D printing to further advance care of acute orbital trauma and posttraumatic deformities.
Modulating multiple leakage current mechanisms in the [LaNiO3/Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3]3 multilayer heterostructure thin films via dielectrics/electrode interface modifications
Authors: Yu Tong , Liu Yun , Huang Binbin , Chen Xiaoyang , Yu Ping
Published: December 2022

Ferroelectric (FE) multilayer heterostructure films have attracted significant attention due to their superior dielectric performance, which shows increasing opportunities in the application of energy storage capacitors or high-capacitance density systems. However, the leakage current density in FE multilayer heterostructure thin films is closely linked to the thickness of each single FE layer and the number of hetero-structure interfaces. In Pt/[LaNiO3/Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3]3 (Pt/[LNO/BST]3) multilayer thin films, the dominant leakage current mechanism is Poole–Frenkel (PF) emission at room temperature. The space charge limited current (SCLC) and the co-dominated leakage current mechanism from the PF and Schottky (SC) emissions were observed under higher operating temperatures. After inserting an ultrathin SrTiO3 (STO) layer between the Pt/[LNO/BST]3 multilayer thin films and the top Au electrode, the SCLC region was replaced by an Ohmic region, and the SC emission was not detected in the temperature range of 288–368 K. Moreover, the calculated zero-field energy barriers ϕPF of PF emission are higher than the prepared multilayer thin films without the STO layer. Consequently, the leakage current density of Pt/[LNO/BST]3 thin films showed a significant decrease.
Second order hydrodynamics based on effective kinetic theory and electromagnetic signals from QGP
Authors: Naik Lakshmi J , Sreekanth V
Published: December 2022

We study the thermal dilepton and photon production from relativistic heavy ion collisions in presence of viscosities by employing the recently developed second order dissipative hydrodynamic formulation estimated within a quasiparticle description of thermal quantum chromo-dynamics (QCD) medium. The sensitivity of shear and bulk viscous pressures to the temperature dependence of relaxation time is analyzed within one- dimensional boost invariant expansion of quark gluon plasma (QGP). The dissipative corrections to the phase-space distribution functions up to first order in gradients are obtained from the Chapman–Enskog like iterative solution of effective Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation. Thermal dilepton and photon production rates for QGP are calculated by employing this viscous modified distribution function. Yields of these particles are quantified for the longitudinal expansion of QGP with different temperature dependent relaxation times. Our analysis employing this second order hydrodynamic model indicates that the spectra of dileptons and photons get enhanced by both bulk and shear viscosities and are well behaved. Also, these particle yields are found to be sensitive to relaxation time. Further, we do a comparison of these particle spectra with a standard hydrodynamic formulation.
Improving energy harvesting by nonlinear dual-beam energy harvester with an annular potential energy function
Authors: Shao Nan , Yang Hongxin , Huang Zhen , Xu Jiawen , Xu Xiaosu , Yan Ruqiang
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we develop a nonlinear dual-beam energy harvester for broadband energy harvesting. Two identical piezoelectric cantilevers are placed orthogonal to each other and coupled by repulsive magnetic force. Analytical and experimental studies indicate that the combination of the resonant motions of the two beams yields an annular potential energy function, where the oscillator can circumambulate around the potential barrier. The advantages of the design concerning a conventional bistable piezoelectric cantilever were examined. It is proved that the proposed harvester has a bandwidth of 3.4 Hz and a voltage output performance 298.7% better than that of a bistable one under excitations of 0.5 g.