bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seguimiento de un fibroma ameloblástico con transformación maligna a fibrosarcoma ameloblástico.
Authors: Galindo Obando Ursula , Delgado Azañero Wilson , Calderón Ubaqui Víctor , Beltrán Silva Jorge , Huamaní Parra Jaime , Paniura Rodriguez Dithel , Anchayhua Espinoza Miguel
Published: March 2016

La transformación maligna de un tumor odontogénico es poco común y puede desarrollarse a partir de un tumor odontogénico benigno. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 19 añosde edad, con el seguimiento secuencial de las radiografías y tomografía computarizada de una lesión inicialmente diagnosticada como Ameloblastoma, que posterior al tratamiento quirúrgico se establececomo Fibroma ameloblastico y al cabo de seis años sufre una transformación maligna determinado con un diagnostico histológico a Fibrosarcoma ameloblastico.El objetivo del presente reporte es exponer un caso que llego al Servicio de Medicina, Cirugía y Patología Oral de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia donde se recopilo los datos de la historia médica con los estudios de imágenes.
Recesión gingival y tratamiento de ortodoncia. Reporte de Caso
Authors: Injante Ormeño Patricia , Tuesta Da Cruz Orlando , Estrada Vitorino Marco , Liñán Durán Carlos
Published: March 2016

El periodonto es la estructura a través de la cual el ortodoncista mueve los dientes, por lo tanto el éxito de un tratamiento ortodóncico depende en parte de la integridad de la salud de los tejidos periodontales. Como ciertos movimientos ortodóncicos pueden afectar el periodonto y los tejidos gingivales, es básica una valoración periodontal previa al tratamiento. Problemas periodontales no diagnosticados y/o no tratados a tiempo, como defectos mucogingivales y recesiones gingivales, pueden empeorar con la terapia ortodóncica. El presente caso describe a una paciente de sexo femenino de 13 años de edad con recesión gingival a nivel de piezas 31 y 41 y apiñamiento dentario. El tratamiento periodontal consistió en un injerto de encía libre para aumentar la encía queratinizada y aumento de fondo de surco vestibular antes de iniciar el tratamiento de ortodoncia. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es presentar el manejo adecuado en la prevención y control de las recesiones gingivales para asegurar un mejor pronóstico a través de un trabajo interdisciplinario entre periodoncia y ortodoncia.
Traumatismos dentales en dentición permanente.
Authors: Mallqui Herrada Luis Lincoln , Hernández-Añaños Juan Felipe
Published: March 2016

Los traumatismos dentales en los últimos años han mostrado una alta predominancia reportada en estudios poblacionales, siendo la edad principalmente comprometida entre los 8 y 12 años, afectandomayormente al sexo masculino, por lo que representa actualmente un serio problema de salud pública.Se clasifican en fracturas coronarias, luxaciones y avulsiones Estos traumatismos son causadas en su mayoría por caídas y actividades deportivas como el ciclismo, siendo las fracturas coronarias no complicadas las lesiones más frecuentes. El manejo de estas lesiones es difícil para el clínico, por lo que el objetivo de la presente revisión fue brindar información actualizada del diagnostico, tratamiento y pronostico de las lesiones traumáticas en la dentición permanente.
Asociación del acceso a la atención dental y el edentulismo.
Authors: Belaúnde Gómez María Alejandra , Salazar Silva Fernando , Castillo-Andamayo Diana , Manrique Chávez Jorge , Orejuela Ramírez Francisco , Zavaleta Boza Carol , López Pinedo Martha
Published: March 2016

El acceso a la atención se basa en la capacidad del individuo para obtener atención dental cuando sea necesario, o ante algunas barreras que podrían impedir la atención. Objetivo: Determinar la relaciónentre el acceso a la atención dental y el edentulismo.Material y métodos: La investigación fue transversal, observacional y descriptiva. La muestra fue de 148 personas adultas entre 18 a 65 añosde edad del distrito de Cajabamba, provincia de Cajabamba, departamento de Cajamarca. El acceso a la atención dental se evaluó mediante tres variables que son: razón por la cual la última vez nopudo obtener cuidado dental, razón principal de última visita al dentista y última visita al dentista. Se realizó un análisis univariado para evaluar la distribución de cada una de las variables, de tal manera que se pudo detectar valores fuera de lo previsto. También se efectuó un análisis bivariado, mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado, para determinar la relación entre las variables componentes de acceso a la atención dental y el edentulismo. Las pruebas se realizaron con el programa Stata Inter Cooled 8.0.Resultados: El 100% de edéntulos totales superiores y parciales inferiores acudieron al dentista por última vez por presentar dolor, mientras que el 100% de edéntulos totales acudió para la confección deprótesis. En mayor proporción los dentados visitaron por última vez al dentista en un tiempo menor a 12 meses siendo el 33,73%, y con un 36,36% los edéntulos totales y edéntulos parcial bimaxilar acudieron en mayor proporción en un tiempo mayor a 5 años. Conclusión: Existe relación entre el acceso a la atención dental y el edentulismo
Pilares personalizados y sistemas cerámicos con tecnología CAD-CAM en el manejo estético del sector anterior sobre restau - raciones implanto soportadas. Reportes de casos.
Authors: Huamaní Chávez Alexis , Balarezo Razzeto José Antonio , Matta Morales Carlos , Ccahuana Vásquez Vanessa
Published: March 2016

En el presente reporte se describen 03 casos clínicos de rehabilitación sobre implantes unitarios en el sector anterior: 01 sist. Lifecore-Renova (3,75 mm Ø, 13 mm. longitud, conexión interna), 02 del sist. Conexão (5 mm Ø x 13 mm. de longitud; 4,3 mm Ø x 15 mm. de longitud, conexión interna). En la etapa de provisionales, se realizó manejo de tejidos blandos a través de restauraciones atornilladas provisionales (6-8 meses). En la rehabilitación definitiva se rehabilitaron, mediante el uso de: un pilar anatómico personalizado de oro-paladio y dos metalo-cerámicos; la parte coronaria fue restaurada con una corona metal-free de zirconio sistema Everest, y dos del sistema E-Max CAD (disilicato de litio).Palabras clave: IMPLANTES DENTALES, PILARES PERSONALIZADOS, CAD-CAM
Condiciones favorables para el desempeño de prótesis sobre implantes utilizando conexiones externas
Authors: Gárate Arias Arturo , Ccahuana Vásquez Vanessa , Chang Suarez Carolina
Published: March 2016

La presente revisión tiene por objetivo mostrar las principales consideraciones favorables para distribuir las fuerzas de tensión a través del eje longitudinal del implante y evitar complicaciones protésicas en el sistema de conexión externa, prolongando la supervivencia o éxito del implante. Las complicaciones en el sistema de conexión externa son la fractura del pilar e implante, aflojamiento y fractura del tornillo y reabsorción ósea de la cresta alveolar. Para evitar estas complicaciones se busca una óptima precarga, estabilidad antirotacional y sentamiento pasivo. Estas propiedades son elementales para disminuir la tensión ante fuerzas de compresión, torsión y fricción. Otras consideraciones a tener en cuenta son la oclusión, el polígono de estabilización y el diseño protésico.
Orientación empática en estudiantes de odontología chilenos
Authors: Carrasco Mardones Doris Patricia
Published: March 2016

Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de orientación empática en alumnos de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción, Chile. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. Participaron 341 alumnos de un universo de 402 correspondientes a los niveles 1º, 2º, 3º, 4º y 5º de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción (Chile) en 2012, a quienes se les aplicó la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson (EEMJ). Para el análisis de los datos obtenidos se realizó la prueba de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilks y la prueba de homo-cedasticidad de Levene. Posteriormente se estimaron los estadígrafos descriptivos en todos los factores estudiados, y finalmente la comparación de las medias se realizó mediante un Análisis de Varianza Bifactorial y una prueba de comparación múltiple de Duncan. Resultados: Los puntajes obtenidos en la (EEMJ) son significativamente mayores en tercer año que en segundo año de la carrera. Las mujeres presentaron puntuaciones más altas que los hombres, en los distintos niveles estudiados. Esta diferencia se acentúa mucho más en quinto año. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de odontología de los niveles 3º, 4º y 5º de la Universidad de Concepción presentan un alto nivel de orientación empática. Las mujeres presentan mayor nivel de orientación empática que los hombres.
¿Representará alguna mejora el uso del ultrasonido en la remoción del barrillo dentinario?
Authors: Diaz-Amanca Erika Lucy , Velásquez-Huamán Zulema
Published: March 2016

Conociendo que el barrillo dentinario se forma al estar en contacto la pared de dentina con una lima manual o rotatoria es importante recordar que su remoción tiene un propósito doble al tener un componente orgánico e inorgánico para lo cual se recomienda el uso alternado de 10ml de ácido etilendiaminotetracético al 17 % y 10ml de hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25% por 1 minuto, sin embargo la eficacia en la remoción de barrillo dentinario en el tercio apical ha sido menor por tal motivo el objetivo de esta revisión fue recopilar información para dar a conocer el efecto que ha mostrado el uso del ultrasonido en la remoción del barrillo dentinario ya que es inevitable su formación cuando un conducto radicular es instrumentado.
Diabetes mellitus y enfermedad periodontal: Revisión bibliográfica de la situación actual.
Authors: Castillo-Ghiotto Gisella , López-Ramos Roxana , Tineo Tueros Mirella , Villarreal Neyra Lisbeth , Alarcón-Palacios Marco
Published: March 2016

La diabetes mellitus (trastorno metabólico que se caracteriza por la hiperglucemia) y la periodontitis (desorden inflamatorio que afecta a las estructuras de soporte a los dientes) son condiciones sistémicas, comunes y crónicas. Múltiples estudios demuestran la relación entre estas dos enfermedades revelando que existe una “bidireccionalidad” no presentando una clara evidencia de esta asociación. En la presente revisión bibliográfica se discutirá sobre los mecanismos de acción de la diabetes en la enfermedad periodontal, su efecto en el remodelado y reparación ósea así como los mecanismos que regulan los efectos de la periodontitis y la terapia periodontal en el control glucémico.
Situación de salud oral y calidad de vida de los adultos mayores
Authors: Moya Rivera Patricia , Chappuzeau Eduardo , Caro Juan Carlos , Monsalves María José
Published: March 2016

Objetivos: Conocer la situación de salud oral y calidad de vida del adulto mayor que asiste a centros de salud pública del área oriente de Santiago de Chile durante los años 2011-2012. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra probabilística de 380 adultos mayores. Se evaluó historia de caries, estado periodontal y situación protésica. La percepción de calidad de vida se midió con el Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Se establecieron dos categorías: “mala calidad de vida” (puntuación ≤ 57) y “buena calidad de vida” (puntuación >57). El análisis estadístico se hizo en programa STATA 11.0. Resultados: La edad media fue de 71,33 años (D.E. ± 7,26); 66,1% son mujeres; 51,6% casado y 78,9% pensionado. Un 32,4% tiene educación media completa. El COPD fue de 22,16 (IC: 95% 21,72-22,60) mayor en mujeres (p>0,05) y aumenta con la edad (p< 0.05). Un 44% tiene entre 1 y 4 piezas dentarias con lesiones de caries dental. El edentulismo fue de 7,1%. Un 20% presentó sacos periodontales > a 5,5 mm. Un 43% presenta higiene oral regular. Un 59,5% usa prótesis removible en el maxilar superior y 40,3% en el inferior. Un 76,6% percibe como mala su calidad de vida. Conclusión: Los adultos mayores son un grupo de especial interés para la salud pública debido a la mala percepción de su calidad de vida y vulnerabilidad de su salud bucal.
Relación entre las modalidades de ingreso y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de estomatología de las cohortes 2008-2009 en una Universidad Privada
Authors: Flores-Mori Mirza
Published: March 2016

Objetivos: Determinar la relación entre las modalidades de ingreso y el rendimiento académico universitario de los estudiantes de estomatología de las cohortes 2008-2009 de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH). Material y métodos: Diseño de corte descriptivo, observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo, se realizó en la población total de estudiantes de la Facultad de Estomatología Roberto Beltrán de la UPCH que ingresaron en los años 2008 y 2009 que cursaron el primer y segundo año académico. En el 2008 ingresaron 118 y en el 2009 fueron 110. Resultados: Respecto a las modalidades de ingreso se observa que el mayor número de estudiantes ingresaron por Factor Excelencia (N=135, 59%), seguido de Examen de admisión (N=52, 22%) y Centro Preuniversitario-CEPREU (N=38, 16%), respecto al rendimiento académico universitario según género se encontró que el mayor número de estudiantes fueron de sexo femenino (N= 159, 70%) seguido del sexo masculino (N=69, 30%), no se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al rendimiento académico universitario según sexo. Conclusiones: Respecto al estudio de la relación del rendimiento académico universitario con las modalidades de ingreso se encontró que los estudiantes obtuvieron promedios similares en el rendimiento académico universitario al margen de la modalidad de ingreso, en términos de promedio ponderado anual, la relación no fue estadísticamente significativa (P>0,05). Las modalidades de admisión parecen no ser un buen predictor del rendimiento académico; salvo el rendimiento escolar previo, una vez que el estudiante ingresa a la universidad se disipan algunas variables que los caracterizan durante la etapa escolar.
El colgajo miomucoso de la arteria facial para tratamiento de defectos intraorales. Reporte de 2 Casos.
Authors: Yuri Martínez Alan
Published: March 2016

El tratamiento de defectos intraorales puede resultar complicado y mórbido cuando se usan colgajos distantes. En determinados casos el uso del colgajo miomucoso de la arteria facial (CMMAF) puede facilitar el cierre de defectos intraorales de tamaño pequeño y mediano. Presentamos 2 casos manejados con CMMAF para cierre de fistulas oronasal y vestíbulo antero inferior mandibular. La técnica es sencilla y no requiere entrenamiento extensivo ya que la anatomía de la zona es muy familiar para todo cirujano oral y maxilofacial. En conclusión el CMMAF debería considerarse como una de la primeras opciones para reconstruir defectos intraorales de cierto tamaño.
Trial Germination of Coastal Vegetation (Terminalia catappa, Calophyllum inophylum L., and Barringtonia asiatica) in the Kima Atas Permanent Nursery
Authors: Suryawan Ady , Asmadi Nur , Mamonto Rinna
Published: March 2016

It was estimated that North Sulawesi needs 9,870,093.33 coastal vegetation seeds to rehabilitate the damage of coastal ecosystems which reach 14,805.14 ha, where the largest area 13.884 ha located in other land use. This study aims to provide information of seed germination techniques in Permanent Nursery Kima Atas, Manado. Research was arranged in complete randomized design as factorial with three replications. Ketapang (Terminalia cattapa) will obtain high viability in fluctuation of temperature and humidity, i.e used sand media, without wildlings and placed under 25% shade and rain. Keben (Baringtonia asiatica) through the incision and decay that placed in the open location will obtain viability until 90% within 2 months. Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) requires shell splitting in order to improve the viability and it can be done by cracking and stripping.
Modes and Manifestations of Improvisation in Urban Planning, Design, and Theory
Authors: Rowan Dean C.
Published: March 2016

The enterprise of musical improvisation is examined as a fruitful source of approaches to urban planning, design, and theory. When musicians improvise, they cooperate and take risks in ways that recommend fitting strategies for urban planners, who traditionally view their planning function as dependent upon values of liberal rationalism. Furthermore, some improvising musicians deliberately stage their performances as interventions in their urban communities, thereby linking the aesthetic aspects of music to social and political action. Examples of three modes of musical improvisation—deviation, response, and insurgency—adapted to the work of urban planners, designers, theorists, and historians illustrate how such enterprises can challenge a purely rational, purely planned understanding of such work, as well as how planning work already and inevitably entails improvisational impulses and influences. The paper thus urges on planning professionals an ethos of improvisation inspired by musicians.
Musical Archetypes and Collective Consciousness: Cognitive Distribution and Free Improvisation
Authors: Burrows Jared B
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates free improvisation from the perspectives offered by cognitive distribution theories as pioneered by Vygotsky, Wundt, and Mead. Using a hypothetical 'script' of an improvised performance, the paper suggests possible explanations for the kinds of socially-mediated, cognitive interactions which can take place in a group improvisation. Diagrams and models developed from Engeström's work on activity theory are used as heuristic devices to explore the possible physical and psychological conditions and factors which influence and contribute to a group performance. Successive models are shown to be useful in understanding certain aspects of the improvising process, but it is also made clear that there are key spiritual and emotional components of the process which defy empirical observation and description. The paper suggests that improvised musical dialogue and narrative are developed through 'archetypes', musical gestures which carry meanings and intentions between and among participants in a performance.
Gittin' to Know Y'all: Improvised Music, Interculturalism and the Racial Imagination
Authors: Lewis George E.
Published: March 2016

This essay examines one of the first extensively documented musical collaborations between two experimental music communities that emerged at around the same moment in time: members of the European “free jazz” or “free improvisation” movement, an international development that spanned the continent, and the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM), a product of Chicago’s racially segregated, all-black South Side. The collaboration, organized by the important critic and radio producer Joachim Ernst Berendt, took place in 1969 at the Baden-Baden “Free Jazz Treffen” in the German Schwarzwald. While the goals, methods, materials, geographical base, historical outlook, political and cultural stances, and critical reception of the two avant-gardes differ markedly, both of these movements are framed in music histories as key representatives of a second generation of the “free jazz” movement spearheaded by Ornette Coleman, Albert Ayler, Cecil Taylor and John Coltrane, among many others. By 1965, these two experimental networks, based on different continents and unaware of each other, yet sharing important characteristics, goals and acknowledged musical antecedents, were in the process of crystallization. A studio recording from the “Free Jazz Treffen” was released in 1970 under Lester Bowie's leadership, bearing the pointedly ironic title, “Gittin’ To Know Y'All." Reading the history of the two avant-gardes around the Bowie recording, the essay seeks answers to the question of why these two avant-gardes, despite their seeming compatibilities, remain relatively distanced from each other in terms of certain kinds of collaborations.
The Challenge of the Changing Same: The Jazz Avant-Garde of the 1960s, the Black Aesthetic and the Black Arts Movement
Authors: Robinson Jason
Published: March 2016

This essay focuses on the relationship between writers associated with the Black Arts Movement in the United States and the experimental directions in jazz that occurred during the 1960s, the decade generally associated with the evolution of the Black Arts Movement as well as the rise of the jazz avant-garde. The emergent experimentalism in the music centered on transgressive and innovative uses of improvisation that led to new approaches, sounds and interpretive meanings. While it is necessary to understand that both poetry and music of the 1960s were important sites where hegemonic processes were contested, it is equally important to draw out differences in the strategies of various black artists. Throughout this period, the attitudes, values, and goals of black artists were anything but monolithic. Instead, the interrelated worlds of black literature and musical experimentalism created a dialogic space that encouraged interrogation, innovation and articulation of new artistic ideas. Within this environment, “black music” took on heterotopic meanings; rather than a rigid, collectivized notion of “black identity” in music, the Black Arts Movement and the jazz avant-garde were marked by multiple, sometimes competing, conceptions of artistic identity. In most cases, the musicians stridently resisted any single narrative of racial and socio-aesthetic identity. The essay clarifies the complex critical positions of those involved with the Black Arts Movement and the jazz avant-garde, while challenging the possibility of any one unifying narrative about this improvised, processual music.
Dominant Positions: John Coltrane, Michel Foucault, and the Politics of Representation
Authors: Nicholls Tracey
Published: March 2016

In a 1979 essay on the principles of a contemporary movement in literature, écriture, Michel Foucault quotes approvingly a rhetorical question posed by minimalist author Samuel Beckett: “what does it matter who is speaking?” (“What Is an Author?” 205). My purpose in this paper is to argue that endorsing such critical-theoretical inattention to speakers’ identities actually promotes some of the abuses of power that Foucault and the theorists he has inspired most object to. Notably, inattention to identity forecloses analysis of the speaker’s position within the discourse and, in so doing, permits both the continued dominance of socially-legitimated points of view and continued marginalization of social commentaries and critiques that oppose themselves to these dominant threads of discourse. My critique of this curious blind-spot in Foucault’s theorizing is worked out through an analysis of critical attention to John Coltrane’s ‘free jazz’ experimentations of the 1960s. One of the central points I am concerned to make in discussing Coltrane is that how artistic projects are represented depends at least in part upon the willingness of critics to take notice of issues of identity and social positioning (both their own, and that of the artists they evaluate). I choose to engage with evaluations of Coltrane, specifically, because there are certain features of his relation to his audience and his critics that demand of us an especially nuanced and complex analysis of the power jazz journalism can exert.
A Conversation between Jesse Stewart and Michael Snow.
Authors: Stewart Jesse
Published: March 2016

Improvising percussionist and visual artist Jesse Stewart converses with renowned artist, film maker, and improviser Michael Snow. Snow's relationship to improvisation began with his early roots in swing, his presence in the New York loft scene of the 1960s, and his involvement with two influential improvisation ensembles in Toronto: the Artists' Jazz Band, and CCMC. Stewart asks Snow about the role of improvised music in his broader arts practice.
An Interview with Fred Frith: The Teaching of Contemporary Improvisation
Authors: Chan Charity
Published: March 2016

An interview with Fred Frith, guitarist/composer/improviser and the founder of the Master of Fine Arts Contemporary Improvisation program at Mills College in Oakland CA. The interview covers areas regarding gender representaiton, institutionalization of improvisation, and the difficulties and considerations of creating and establishing an improvisation program at a higher education institute.
From the Margins to the Mainstream: Jazz, Social Relations, and Discourses of Value
Authors: Stanbridge Alan
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the manner in which particular discourses have served to shape and influence broader social understandings of various forms of contemporary jazz and improvised music, exploring the somewhat conflicted relationship that these forms of music have had with both the mainstream and the margins, examining the value claims made on behalf of these forms from a cultural, social, and political perspective. In the post-World War II years, jazz occupied a curiously paradoxical discursive position within North American culture, combining its ‘outsider’ role with a significant degree of mainstream exposure – issues pursued in the first section of the paper. The second section of the paper addresses the manner in which, more recently, a populist conceptualization of the music, linked to a narrowly defined notion of the jazz canon, has functioned not only as a marketing category, but has also served to influence the increasingly mainstream positioning of a delimited, neo-traditionalist category of ‘jazz.’

Concurrent with these developments, and in sharp contrast to the discursive role of jazz as a marketing category or a historical style, some more contemporary and challenging forms of jazz and improvised music have exhibited a rather more conflicted relationship with the cultural mainstream, claiming – or having claimed on their behalf – an oppositional politics, linked to often romanticized notions of marginality. In some circles, these musical forms have been employed as the locus for discussions of the role that such forms might play as models for social change. In this case, significant rhetorical claims, linked to a wide range of socio-political benefits, are made on behalf of contemporary jazz and improvised music. The final sections of the paper engage critically with these discourses, situating them within broader debates regarding the social benefits and impacts of the arts. The paper concludes by arguing for a somewhat more realistic view of the socio-political potential of a wide range of contemporary forms of music-making.
Itutu ("On how to appropriately present oneself to others"): Extra-musical pedagogical values of creative music
Authors: Pierrepont Alexandre , Carsalade Pierre , Tesler Romain
Published: March 2016

Pierre Carsalade, Romain Tesler and Alexandre Pierrepont have assembled their observations on the workshops led by Cooper-Moore and William Parker that took place in the context of the Actions musicales of the Paris-based Banlieues Bleues Festival. Moore’s and Parker’s involvement contributed to the empowerment of disenfranchised youth of the Paris suburbs and fostered dialogue within their community and beyond. Carsalade, Tesler and Pierrepont’s sociological perspective situates the musicians’ intervention within an African-American tradition where “music is considered as both an aesthetic process and as a form of social, ethical, and political expression."
Dream Improvisation: An Interview with Coco Zhao
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: March 2016

As one of the relatively few Chinese singers on the international jazz circuit, Coco Zhao (Zhao Ke) has garnered much attention and acclaim in the last few years. His performances have been acclaimed for their blending of Eastern and Western musical styles. This interview explores the social and historical contexts for Zhao's performance, his views on contemporary music cultures in China, his reception in

the West, his understanding of how sexuality intersects with improvisation, and how questions of identity animate his career and creativity.
Listening to/at/with Marilyn Lerner’s "They’re All in Families"
Authors: McNeilly Kevin
Published: March 2016

Marilyn Lerner’s audio-art composition “They’re All in Families” (1998) re-works a sound clip from a virulently homophobic message left on an answering machine, turning hate-speech back on itself to expose the rhythms and textures of verbal violence.
Big Ears: Listening for Gender in Jazz Studies
Authors: Attrep Kara A.
Published: March 2016

This is a book review of the edited volume Big Ears: Listening for Gender in Jazz by Nichole T. Rustin and Sherrie Tucker focusing on the various methodologies used in the study of gender and music.
Resisting Poems: Expressions of Dissent and Hegemony in Modern Basque Bertsolaritza
Authors: Mouillot Francois
Published: March 2016

This paper analyzes the relevance of bertsolaritza—the art of sung improvised poetry in Basque in front of an audience—in light of the current situation of the Basques as a globalizing cultural and linguistic minority of France and Spain. In the context of the democratic freedom and degree of self-governance granted to the Basques with the creation a Basque autonomous community (Euskadi) in post-Franco Spain, bertsolaritza has been subjected to a large-scale process of institutionalization across the entire Basque country. Most significantly, this process redefined the organization of the practice into widely broadcast large-scale competitions which have increased its following by all segments of the Basque population (Bascophones and non-Bascophones alike) and made it the most popular expression of Basque culture today. Following a brief history and contextualization of the Basque Country and of Basque nationalism, the author considers how bertsolaritza, through the intercultural dimension of improvisation and the careful modernization of its organization, consolidates a hegemonic definition of Basque national identity based on the notion that ‘being Basque means speaking Basque.’ In the final section, the author examines the role of the Basque improviser as an activist, and how, at the same time as offering great potential for community-building within Basque society, modern bertsolaritza offers a complex discourse of resistance to other, more global forms of political, economic, and cultural hegemonies.
Fission and Fusion: From improvisation to formalism in law and music
Authors: Manderson Desmond
Published: March 2016

Law and classical music are both performative disciplines. Both became concerned with practices of textual interpretation, and with questions of the authority of those texts and the legitimacy of those interpretations. But exactly how did that happen, and with what social consequences? The relationship between law and music across the centuries shows striking parallels and echoes. If we study them carefully each can illuminate the other, binding them together so that we can see them as two aspects of the same process and the same histories. The insights we gain from the novelty of their conjunction help us to understand these social changes better and differently. This conjunction will also help us see how much our disciplinary blinkers prevent us from observing the far-reaching social forces which these cultural practices at each moment both echo and animate.
Truth in the Telling: Procedure, Testimony, and the Work of Improvisation in Legal Narrative
Authors: Authers Benjamin
Published: March 2016

This article considers how legal trials participate in the production of culturally valourised narratives of truth. Trial procedures legitimate certain narratives, and certain ways of producing narrative, through procedural constraints that promulgate legal aesthetics and legal rights that articulate these procedures as norms for human behaviour. Law’s forms, then, determine law’s content, with significant connotations for the broader culture. Notable amongst these narrative forms is legal testimony, whose apparently improvised, interrogative creation imbues it with especial qualities as a representation of truth. Spontaneously performed in and effected by the valorised space of the courtroom, testimony reflects the cultural pervasiveness of law’s aesthetics, and underscores how narratives of truth are constituted by, and dependent upon, the privileged forms of their production.
Keeping on...
Authors: Roberts Matana
Published: March 2016

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Subject, Object, Improv: John Cage, Pauline Oliveros, and Eastern (Western) Philosophy in Music
Authors: McMullen Tracy M
Published: March 2016

This essay investigates composers Pauline Oliveros and John Cage, their use and abuse of Buddhist philosophy, and how these (mis)understandings influenced and were reflected in their attitudes toward improvisation. While John Cage famously claimed to remove his “self” from his work, I argue that his practices (informed by a mis-reading of Zen through a Protestant ideology) served to further instantiate a self that mastered the body. Oliveros’s interest in meditation, improvisation, and corporeal practices demonstrates an understanding of the “self” as intersubjective and de-centralized. I argue that the ideology of the subject/object, self/other split within the Western intellectual tradition has functioned to attenuate the radical elements within these artists’ work that challenged Western conceptions of the self, influencing Cage’s own philosophical understanding, and marginalizing the improvisatory and corporeal practices of Oliveros.
"Na Cadencia Bonita do Samba": Accomplishing Suingue in Toronto
Authors: Pravaz Natasha
Published: March 2016

What happens when Afro-Brazilian sounds like samba are lifted from their context of origin and performed by and for non-Brazilians in Canada? In particular, what happens to the samba groove--"cadência" or "suingue" as Brazilians call it--and what does this suingue do, or not do, to those performing? I explore such questions by focusing on two interrelated matters pertaining to what the editors of this volume refer to as a presumed Brazilian improvisative consciousness: the pedagogical dynamics of samba transmission, and the dialectics of freedom and restraint in samba’s creative processes, particularly in the context of Canadian samba. This article is informed by my ongoing field research with performers of Afro-Brazilian music in Toronto and surrounding areas who play in large, amateur ensembles such as Batucada Carioca, of which I am a member.
Urban Improvisations: The Profanatory Tactics of Spectacularized Spaces
Authors: Jacques Paola Berenstein
Published: March 2016

How can we think of micro-resistances or critical deviations to the contemporary process of urban spectacularization? This process generates both the pacification and the sacralization of public spaces in current projects of so-called urban regeneration. An interesting suggestion proposed in this paper is to think of improvisations as urban tactics of desecration in spectacularized public spaces, with a focus on the uses, practices, and popular appropriations already existing in the city—in particular in the opacity, vitality, and intensity of public life in the most popular and informal areas of the cities.
Na ponta do verso: poesia de improviso no Brasil (2008) Edited by Alexandre Pimentel and Joana Corrêa
Authors: Perrone Charles A.
Published: March 2016

Na ponta do verso: poesia de improviso no Brasil (literally, “on the tip of the verse, improvised poetry in Brazil”) is a volume of nine well-crafted essays that concern some of the principal forms of improvised, popular poetry from different regions of Brazil. Each contribution is linked to corresponding sound recordings on the companion CD, which contains both live and studio examples. The results are unique and valuable, telling of the encounters and evolution of improvisative poetic traditions and adaptations in the first decade of the new century and millennium.
“A Thread that Connects the Worlds”: Ovoid Logics and the Contradictory Lines of Force of Brazilian Improvisations
Authors: Stanyek Jason
Published: March 2016

From sports to politics, from architecture to economics, from the arts to pedagogy, the social and cultural spheres of Brazil have often been characterized as having decidedly improvisative valences. The importance of improvisation to the enactment of brasilidade (Brazilianness) would seem to be borne out by the sheer abundance of common words and phrases used in everyday Brazilian speech that highlight extemporaneous action: jeitinho, malandragem, ginga, jogo de cintura, malícia, gambiarra, esperteza, axé, manha, suingue, astúcia, drible, malabarismo, balanço, equilibrista, pirataria, arranjar-se, molejo, cordialidade, and so on.

This essay points to a few “complex tendencies” and “contradictory lines of force,” that emerge out of this lexicon, providing snapshots of three key loci within and around which one can examine and critique the stories people—Brazilians and non-Brazilians alike—tell about what is often taken to be the zygotic relationship between improvisation and brasilidade (Brazilianness). Each of these snapshots—of the jeitinho brasileiro, of the gambiarra aesthetics of the global favela, of futebol brasileiro (Brazilian soccer)—reveal, I hope, that the concept of improvisation (rendered directly and in its many other lexical guises) performs a vital function in Brazil. It’s a nexus around which deliberations over matters of national import take place, a ready-to-hand theoretical apparatus for peering into the “inert vectoring” that characterizes the varied performances of citizenship that take place within Brazilian communities. I’m careful, however, to let the discussions contained in this essay play out within a global frame, working under the assumption that Brazil is not (and never has been) coterminous with itself, and showing that Brazil is constantly being reborn—infranationally, nationally, and globally—under the contradictory forces of appraisals of the improvisative.
Activating Bodies of Knowledge: Improvisation, Cognition, and Sports Education
Authors: Ross David Scott
Published: March 2016

While researchers in diverse fields have begun using improvisation as a conceptual metaphor for collaborative means of negotiating indeterminacy, little work has related these theoretical perspectives to physical education. In this paper, I argue that improvisation provides a frame for understanding the cognitive benefits of sports play, and presents learning opportunities for developing skills in tactical and strategic thinking, problem solving, and the enactment of procedural knowledge. I begin by drawing upon the work of Varela et. al.(1991) and Lakoff and Johnson (1999) to discuss perspectives which have effected a significant shift in the understanding of the role that embodiment plays in cognition, perspectives which emphasize the interdependence of the organism and its environment. I then discuss the ways in which context-dependent action is fundamental to improvisation, and means by which improvisation-based curricula effectively promote the integration of cognitive, affective and embodied forms of learning. The importance of enactive perspectives is evident in recent curricular theorizing in physical education. I discuss the possible pedagogical application of these perspectives by looking at one model, Teaching Games for Understanding (Light and Fawns 200, Griffin and Butler 2005), which shifts the focus of game playing from skill execution to situated cognition. In schools, physical education class is the primary context in which students have the opportunity to improvise, with group sports as a structured context that utilizes improvisation as a constitutive element in game playing. In contrast to learning environments that are divorced from immediate exigencies in the topics under discussion, sports play encourages players to “think on their feet,” both literally and figuratively. I conclude that, rather than consigning physical education to a marginal position in schools, work needs to be done to foreground the cognitive dimension in sports play and the ways in which cognitive and metacognitive skills in physical education classes may be further enhanced. I suggest that a pedagogical approach that incorporates understandings from improvisation may lead to a more holistic understanding of embodied learning and a reconceptualization of the role that physical education plays in education.
On the Convergence Liberation of Makam X
Authors: Modirzadeh Hafez
Published: March 2016

Improvisation, by definition, fuelled by the same creative energies that move life, and as a fluid variance on and constant trickster of form, embodies the subversive. As sound, this paradoxical force gives rise to the metaphoric renaming of the harmonic series as "Makam X," thereby coiling such intervallic gravity with musical and extra-musical messages: here, speculation on a "cradle-mode" leads to implications of the tetrachordal, and subsequently, the appreciation of shared principles among African American, Persian, Andalucian, and Filipino musical traditions. This inspired me, through several personal encounters that included masters Mahmoud Zoufonoun, Danongan Kalanduyan, and Ornette Coleman, to pursue the eventual convergence and consequent disintegration of such systems, seeking not only a drive towards shared source, but also the liberation from formal restraints that suppress shared empowerment. In consideration of all this, and in light of recent shape-shifting movements throughout the world, I present an omnivorous model for improvisation used towards the proposal of a Convergence Liberation Principle.
Khyal, Improvisation, and Social Change
Authors: Paranjape Wasanti
Published: March 2016

For this essay, I would like to take as a starting point the assumption that music forms an integral part of its culture and is therefore inextricably linked to the artistic and also the social and political context of that culture. This article observes changes in North Indian Classical music that came about with the emergence of Khyal (a distinct branch of North Indian Classical music) and the social changes that occurred as a result.
Altering a Fixed Identity: Thinking through Improvisation
Authors: Douglas Anne
Published: March 2016

"Replacing artist with player as if adopting an alias is a way of altering a fixed identity. And a changed identity is a principle of mobility, of going from one place to another…" (Kaprow, Essays on the Blurring of Art and Life 125-6)

This paper explores an experiment in improvisation in which the practices of music, the visual arts, philosophy, and anthropology come together. Calendar Variations (2010-11) draws different kinds of artists into creative experiences through the use of verbal scores. The score invites participation in a process in which the outcome is indeterminate. The experiment raises a question within the group of artists and participants about the nature of artistic practice itself and whether any single aesthetic approach is more appropriate than another.

The experiment frames the following questions: Why do we have/institute improvisation in life? Can art particularly inform those situations in life in which the unscripted and contingent challenge us to rethink in situations in which we may be encountering failure either in what is around us or failure in ourselves to cope?

Drawing in particular on Allan Kaprow’s articulation of Experimental Art (Essays), informed by Ingold and Hallam’s construct of improvisation as a metaphor for existence (Creativity and Cultural Improvisation), I propose that the radical questioning of certainty in experimental art practices offers a different insight into improvisation, one that deals with experiences of failure. The paper concludes that sustaining uncertainty about what the arts might be has given rise to two possible understandings of visual art, one based on contemplation, and the other on time and duration. Our creative imagination is challenged by the collisions and complementarities of these different understandings to sustain a perpetually mobile state of creativity, akin to "adopting an alias as a way of altering a fixed identity" (Kaprow, Essays).
Improvising Freedom in Prison
Authors: Basu Nayanee
Published: March 2016

Basu, as ethnographer, details the experiences of two individuals, Alokananda Roy, established classical dancer and Mr B.D. Sharma, appointed Additional Director General of Correctional Services, West Bengal Police in 2005. Basu’s fieldwork (which begins in 2008) describes and analyses their introduction of dance into the male and female prison communities of West Bengal. Small workshops importantly become major public performances of Tagorean dance dramas played to large and influential public audiences. Improvisation in this project works at a number of levels. The subject and content of the dance dramas, while built around classical themes of good and evil, the rule bound v unpredictability, lend themselves to formal artistic improvisatory interpretations. These are not just performed, but lived in the experiences of prisoners and guards as well as through civic processes as these slowly bend in response to the new energy. The effort gradually provokes change, seen simultaneously in the attitudes and practices of the prisoners towards greater levels of interest, self reliance, respect, and self organisation, as well as in the policy and rules of penal organisation in the region of West Bengal. Artistic improvisation opens up doubt in this case study in the social realm, challenging the instituted physical and emotional separation between prisoners and non-prisoners in quite practical, judged ways that do not dissolve but alter the system.
Creativity, Labour, and the Politics of Profit in the Improvised Music Field
Authors: Johnston Peter David
Published: March 2016

Despite its ubiquity in everyday life and non-Eurocentric musics, improvisation is discursively constructed in Western culture as an edgy, radical, and subversive activity. Although there is no agreement on an ontology of improvisation in either the popular or scholarly domains, recent writings in music studies and the humanities propose that the improvisatory practices of jazz and related musics can be applied to contexts outside of the arts to address static, unethical, or otherwise outmoded ways of organizing society. A problematic example of this cross-fertilization of ideas is the recent trend in management studies of exploring the value in bringing improvisatory practices traditionally associated with the arts into the business field. Proponents of this idea suggest that applying the operational frame of improvisation to business organization can help companies develop new products and labour practices to respond to the shifting demands of the market. In this article I argue that much of the recent work in management studies fails to meaningfully address the real world material conditions under which artists work, nor the ethical implications of incorporating the practices of economically marginalized subjects into profit-based enterprises. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the improvised music fields in London, England, and Toronto, Canada, I will explore the issues raised by this trend in management studies by putting the ideas and experiences of improvisers in dialogue with those of theorists who are looking to the arts for new and innovative business strategies.
Crisis Management as Ethical Improvisation
Authors: MacDonald Chris
Published: March 2016

The skills needed by a corporate CEO seeking to guide a company ethically through a time of crisis bears a striking resemblance to the skills needed by the improvising musician. As in musical improvisation, ethical crisis management requires decision-makers to strike a fine balance between structure and innovation, between playing by the rules and adapting in novel and creative ways.