bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Statistical Approach to Study the Effects of the Size of Coarse Aggregates and Percentage of Steel Fiber on Mechanical Properties and Ductility of Concrete
Authors: Taghia Seiyed Ali Haj Seiyed , Darvishvand Hamid Reza , Ebrahimi Masood , Keramati Elham
Published: September 2021

Concrete members are reinforced by steel fibers to overcome their brittle nature. This paper is focused on the effect of percentage of fiber and the maximum aggregate size on mechanical properties of concrete samples such as compressive and tensile strengths, and ductility. The mean values of these quantities show that by increasing the reinforcement content to 0.66% and the size to 12.5 mm, there is a dramatic improvement on properties of samples. Also, they demonstrate that the size of coarse aggregate has more effect on improvement of the quantities in comparison to steel fiber content and changing the size and fiber content has more effects on ductility than mechanical properties. Statistical approach which considers standard deviations of experimental data, confirms that the gravel regardless of fiber content, leads to the highest improvement on properties with size of 12.5 mm. But the results show for volumetric steel fiber without considering aggregate size, is 0.33%. This clearly indicates the effect of data scattering on mean values of mechanical properties and ductility.
Assessment of Traffic Noise Pollution due to Road Traffic
Authors: Demian Gabriela , Grecu Luminița , Demian Mihai
Published: September 2021

The paper presents aspects related to noise pollution due to road traffic in Drobeta Turnu Severin. The main noise sources in Drobeta Turnu Severin are: road transport, railway and industrial activities. Based on the noise level measurement performed to assess the traffic noise over a period of 7 years, namely between 2013 and 2019, on an important road traffic artery in the mentioned city, predictions for its level over the next three years are made, correlating it with the number of cars that are supposed to cross the artery. For this study a road where the equivalent noise level exceeded the limit almost every year, was chosen. For obtaining the correlation between our data we have used the regression method. The noise level depends on the time of day in which the measurements were made but also on the season. Another correlation, between the equivalent noise level, and the number and type of cars was made, for a winter day in 2020, on another important artery, in order to see how much influence these factors have, on the noise level.
DRESS syndrome (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms): sometimes, not all signs are there
Authors: Murteira Fábio , Oliveira Pedro , Miranda João , Moreira Albina , Correira Margarida
Published: September 2021

DRESS syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal multisystemic reaction that occurs two to six weeks after exposure to certain drugs. It is characterized by fever, eosinophilia, and skin rash. Case of a 37-year-old man, black, with gout (started allopurinol 4 weeks before). He arrived at the Emergency Room complaining of headache, fever, abdominal pain, and scattered maculopapular skin lesions. The conducted study showed elevated transaminases and C-reactive protein, hepatomegaly, and peri-hepatic adenomegalies. Allopurinol was stopped, but throughout hospitalization, liver, renal and neurological dysfunctions (with meningoencephalitis) worsened; it also appeared eosinophilia. A skin biopsy was performed, the possibility of DRESS syndrome was assumed, and methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg/day was started, with progressive improvement. The skin biopsy was compatible with DRESS. The described case reveals some peculiarities. Among the most relevant arethe late onset of eosinophilia and the difficulty in evaluating the rash due to the patient's skin tone and neurological manifestations (rare).
Investigating the prevention and mitigatory role of risk communication in the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of Bloemfontein, South Africa
Authors: Kunguma Olivia , Mokhele Mosekama O. , Coetzee Mercia
Published: September 2021

The South African disaster response activities surpass risk reduction since the implementation of the Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002 (DMA) and the National Disaster Management Framework of 2005 (NDMF). Risk reduction, in particular risk communication, remained unexploited until the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The legislation and policy mandate a proactive approach for disaster management, requiring a focus on disaster risk reduction. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the significance of risk communication as a critical prevention and mitigatory strategy in disaster risk management, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. Key to risk communication success is ensuring adequate comprehension, accurate perception of the disseminated information, and compliance with regulations. Questions of trustworthiness, acceptability, effectiveness, and usefulness of messages and strategies communicated sought answers from the Bloemfontein population. Furthermore, the Agenda-setting Theory provided the grounding for the study. The study sample was picked in a stratified random sampling manner, using the confidence level and margin of error equation. A questionnaire survey was used to collect the data required to achieve the research objectives. Risk communication as a disaster risk reduction strategy implemented concurrently with imposed regulations was found to have played a vital role in mitigating the virus spread. However, the respondents were not aware of the local disaster management centre, which is supposed to be engaged in COVID-19 disaster management activities.
Ramadan fasting in health and disease (2020): A narrative review
Authors: Hafidh Khadija , Ali Khawla , Beshyah Salem
Published: September 2021

The medical literature on health aspects of Ramadan fasting (RF) is widely spread in many journals of varying access, making it less readily available to those interested in the subject. We performed a nonsystematic review of the international literature from a major online database (PubMed in 1 year [2020]). The search term “Ramadan fasting” was used, and relevant literature was narrated in a concise thematic account excluding diabetes. The publications spanned fundamental, clinical, ethical, professional, cultural, and advocacy facets. The publications predictably crossed the conventional disciplinary lines and geographical locations and appeared in journals with different access systems. The contents are presented under the emerged themes depending on the retrieved literature. This year, the basic coverage included changes in physiology, nutrition during Ramadan. However, the clinical issues included a more comprehensive range such as the impact of RF on the liver and gut, and endocrine conditions such as hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. Coverage also included chronic kidney disease, maternal health and fetal well-being, cardiovascular medicine, nature and function of eyes, and neurological conditions, especially epilepsy. Sports medicine and athletes' well-being received somewhat prominent coverage. Other researchers focused on documenting patients' and health-care professionals' perceptions, attitudes, and practices during Ramadan. Health aspects of RF received a sustained academic interest with a broad spectrum in 2020. This narrative provides a scoping overview to help researchers and clinicians catch up quickly with state-of-the-art science today.
Can the immature granulocyte count have a role in the diagnosis of coronavirus 2019 disease?
Authors: Selvi Fatih , Bedel Cihan , Korkut Mustafa
Published: September 2021

Background: The pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease is not clearly understood; inflammation has been shown to play a major role. The immature granulocytes count (IGC) can be an indicator of inflammation. To the best of our knowledge, there is no data on the usability of IGC for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Objectives: We aim to investigate the usability of the inflammatory marker IGC in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients and Methods: COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital were included in this study, and hemogram parameters, white blood cells, hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and IGC were investigated. According to the real-time reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction, patients were categorized into two groups as COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative. Results: The mean value of IGC was 0.02 (0.02) for the COVID-19-positive group and 0.11 (0.04) for the COVID-19-negative group. Patients with COVID-19 positive were found to have an IGC value that is significantly lower than the other group (P < 0.001). For IGC, it was calculated at a cut-off value of 0.03 (area under the curve: 0.718; sensitivity: 66.7%; specificity: 72.3%; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of our study have shown that on-admission IGC level is a novel, cost-effective, and readily available biomarker with a promising predictive marker for COVID-19 patients.
Два примера, связанные со свойствами дискретных мер
Authors: Suetin Sergey Pavlovich
Published: September 2021

Предложены два примера, основанные на свойствах дискретных мер.
В первой части статьи доказывается, что для произвольной единичной
меры $\mu$, $\operatorname{supp}{\mu}=[-1,1]$, логарифмический потенциал которой
непрерывный на $[-1,1]$, существовует (дискретная) мера $\sigma=\sigma(\mu)$,
$\operatorname{supp}{\sigma}=[-1,1]$, такая, что для соответствующих ортогональных полиномов
$P_n(x;\sigma)=x^n+\dotsb$ справедливо соотношение:
$$
\frac1n \chi(P_n( \cdot ;\sigma))\xrightarrow{*}\mu,\qquad n\to\infty,
$$
где $\chi( \cdot )$ - мера, считающая нули полинома.
Доказательство существования меры $\sigma$ основано на свойствах
обобщенных точек Лея (weighted Leja points).
Во второй части приводится пример компакта и последовательности
дискретных мер с носителями на этом компакте, обладающей следующим свойством.
Эта последовательность мер сходится в $*$-слабой топологии к равновесной мере
компакта, но соответствующая последовательность логарифмических потенциалов
не сходится по емкости к равновесному потенциалу ни в одной окрестности компакта.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Эффективные асимптотики решений задачи Коши с локализованными начальными данными для линейных систем дифференциальных и псевдодифференциальных уравнений
Authors: Dobrokhotov Sergey Yur'evich , Nazaikinskii Vladimir Evgen'evich , Shafarevich Andrei Igorevich
Published: September 2021

Начальные данные в задаче Коши мы называем локализованными, если они задаются функциями, сосредоточенными в окрестности подмногообразия положительной коразмерности, причeм размер окрестности зависит от малого параметра и вместе с ним стремится к нулю. Хотя решения линейных дифференциальных и псевдодифференциальных уравнений с локализованными начальными данными составляют относительно узкий подкласс множества всех решений, они очень важны с точки зрения физических приложений. Такие решения возникают во многих разделах математической физики. Они описывают распространение возмущений различной природы (будь то волны цунами, вызванные подводным землетрясением, или электромагнитные волны, излучаемые антеннами), и их исследованию (в том числе асимптотическому) посвящена обширная литература. Эффективными естественно называть асимптотики, позволяющие исследовать задачу достаточно быстро и с достаточно скромными вычислительными затратами. Понятие эффективности зависит от доступного вычислительного инструментария и значительно изменилось с появлением программных систем Wolfram Mathematica, MatLab и им подобных, обеспечивающих принципиально новые возможности оперативной реализации и визуализации математических построений, но и предъявляющих к конструкции асимптотик новые требования. В статье даeтся обзор современных методов построения эффективных асимптотик в задачах с локализованными начальными данными. Рассматриваемый класс уравнений и систем включает уравнения Шрeдингера и Дирака, уравнения Максвелла, линеаризованные уравнения газо- и гидродинамики, уравнения линейной теории волн на воде, теории упругости, акустики и т. д.
Библиография: 109 названий.
Effects of Iron Supplements on Heme Scavengers in Pregnancy
Authors: Nti Annette M. , Botchway Felix , Salifu Hassana , Cespedes Juan Carlos , Harbuzariu Adriana , Onyekaba John , Chambliss Christopher , Liu Mingli , Adjei Andrew , Jolly Pauline , Stiles Jonathan K.
Published: September 2021

In malaria endemic countries, anemia in pregnant women occurs as a result of erythrocyte destruction by Plasmodium infections and other causes including malnutrition. Iron supplementation is recommended as treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Erythrocyte destruction results in increased release of cytotoxic free heme that is scavenged by haptoglobin (Hp), hemopexin (Hx) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Paradoxically, iron supplementation in pregnant women has been reported to enhance parasitemia and increase levels of free heme. The relationship between free heme, heme scavengers, and birth outcomes has not been investigated, especially in women who are on iron supplementation. We hypothesized that parasite-infected pregnant women on routine iron supplementation have elevated heme and altered expression of heme scavengers. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the association between plasma levels of free heme, HO-1, Hp, Hx, and malaria status in pregnant women who received routine iron supplementation and their birth outcomes. Heme was quantified by colorimetric assay and scavenger protein concentration by ELISA. We demonstrated that iron-supplemented women with asymptomatic parasitemia had increased free heme (mean 75.6 µM; interquartile range [IQR] 38.8–96.5) compared with nonmalaria iron-supplemented women (mean 34.9 µM; IQR 17.4–43.8, P < 0.0001). Women with preterm delivery had lower levels of Hx (mean 656.0 µg/mL; IQR 410.9–861.3) compared with women with full-term delivery (mean: 860.9 µg/mL; IQR 715.2–1055.8, P = 0.0388). Our results indicate that iron supplementation without assessment of circulating levels of free heme and heme scavengers may increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes Regarding Antibiotic Use for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Insights from Patients in Sri Lanka
Authors: van Melle David T. , ten Asbroek Guus , Rolfe Robert , Vanderburg Sky , Abeysinghe Yohanna W. , Halloluwa Chathuh , Zhang Helen L. , Ostbye Truls , Kurukulasooriya Ruvini , Sheng Tianchen , Kanchana Sewwandi , Wijayaratne Gaya , Bodinayake Champica , Nagahawatte Ajith , Watt Melissa H. , Woods Christopher W. , de Silva Vijitha , Tillekeratne Gayani
Published: September 2021

Antibiotic resistance is an emerging global public health threat. One of the main drivers of this threat is the inappropriate use of antibiotics. In Sri Lanka, antibiotic consumption is increasing, but little is known locally about how patients perceive antibiotics. We conducted a qualitative study to gain a better understanding of the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of patients regarding antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Semi-structured interviews involving 18 patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) admitted to a large, public tertiary care hospital in southern Sri Lanka were conducted. Interviews were analyzed to identify themes regarding the patients’ knowledge of LRTI etiology and treatment, perceptions and attitudes toward LRTI treatment, including antibiotics, and patient–physician communication. Most patients mentioned multiple care visits and the use of multiple pharmaceuticals prior to admission. Patients sought a quick resolution to their ailments and frequently visited several private physicians to obtain a satisfying answer. Self-medication was also common. Patients reused prescriptions for antibiotics, kept antibiotics for later use after prematurely stopping their course of treatment, and bought over-the-counter antibiotics. Patients’ knowledge of disease etiology and antibiotics was poor. Only a few patients were aware of antibiotic resistance. Despite the desire to receive more information regarding disease and treatment, patient–provider communication was limited and mainly confined to prescription instructions. This qualitative study performed in Sri Lanka suggests that inappropriate use of antibiotics is a multifactorial problem. To improve antibiotic use, a multifactorial approach that includes educating the public, increasing awareness among physicians, and implementing systems-level changes to restrict access to antibiotics is urgently needed.
Preliminary Report of the Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Aedes albopictus in Bangladesh
Authors: Al-Amin Hasan Mohammad , Irish Seth , Lenhart Audrey , Alam Mohammad Shafiul
Published: September 2021

Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive mosquito species and a vector of human arboviral diseases including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. There are no effective drugs or vaccines for the treatment or prevention of most of these diseases, so the primary option for disease prevention and control is to target mosquitoes, often using insecticides. Despite vector control efforts, cases of arboviral diseases are increasing in Bangladesh and it is important to understand if this escalation is associated with the presence of insecticide resistance in Aedes populations, including Ae. albopictus. The CDC bottle bioassays performed on Ae. albopictus from two districts in Bangladesh detected resistance to permethrin but susceptibility to deltamethrin, malathion, and bendiocarb. The detection of permethrin resistance is worrisome, since arbovirus vector control strategies in Bangladesh currently include the use of permethrin. Routine monitoring of the susceptibility status of key vector populations in Bangladesh will allow a better understanding of resistance trends, enabling the strengthening of control strategies.
A Population-Based Cohort Study on Chronic Comorbidity Risk Factors for Adverse Dengue Outcomes
Authors: Lien Chia-En , Chou Yiing-Jenq , Shen Yi-Jung , Tsai Theodore , Huang Nicole
Published: September 2021

The global burden of dengue is increasing against a background of rising global prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and an epidemiological shift of dengue toward older age groups. The contribution of NCDs toward risk for adverse clinical and healthcare utilization outcomes was assessed in a national linked-database study. About 51,433 adult dengue cases between 2014 and 2015 were assessed for outpatient and inpatient claims data in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database for the 30 days after their dengue diagnosis. A multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to estimate the probability of adverse dengue outcomes in patients with NCDs compared with dengue patients without underlying diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis and related disease were associated with the highest risk of hospitalization after dengue diagnosis (odds ratio: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.37–2.30), followed by stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver cirrhosis, asthma, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, congestive heart failure, hypertension, and malignancy. Chronic kidney disease and diabetes were associated with higher risks of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) use, and all-cause mortality. After adjusting for socioeconomic status and other variables, the number of coexisting chronic diseases was associated with increasing risk of adverse dengue outcomes. Specific NCDs were associated with longer hospitalizations, ICU admission, and higher healthcare costs. Quantifying the risks of adverse dengue outcomes and health expenditures among dengue patients with preexisting NCDs provides insights for improved clinical management and essential inputs for health economic analyses on the cost-benefit of risk-based routine or catch-up immunization programs.
К вопросу о дефектности буквального и необходимости системного, а также телеологического толкования отдельных положений Закона о банкротстве (Комментарий к Определению Судебной коллегии по экономическим спорам ВС РФ от 08.04.2021 № 305-ЭС20-2287)
Authors: Морхат П.М.
Published: September 2021

Автор исследует подходы к толкованию положений законодательства о несостоятельности (банкротстве). На примере рассмотренного Верховным Судом РФ спора о разрешении разногласий по порядку распределения денежных средств, вырученных от реализации залогового имущества банкрота, выявлена дефектность буквального толкования положений п. 6 ст. 138 Закона о банкротстве и необходимость системного, а также телеологического толкования указанных положений. Сделан вывод о том, что буквальное толкование данных положений приведет к возникновению преимущественного права залоговых кредиторов перед иными кредиторами, так как расходы, непосредственно связанные с залоговым имуществом в виде текущих обязательств по уплате имущественных налогов, будут погашаться за счет активов должника в ущерб интересам незалоговых кредитов, что будет несправедливо по отношению к последним. Обращено внимание на то, что системное и телеологическое толкование п. 6 ст. 138 Закона о банкротстве не ущемляет прав залогового кредитора, так как стимулирует его на скорейшую реализацию залогового имущества. Судьба залогового имущества, с учетом принципа обособленности процедуры реализации такого имущества, зависит от волеизъявления залогового кредитора, которому Законом о банкротстве предоставлено правомочие ускорить решение вопроса о реализации заложенного имущества и не допустить накопления долговых обязательств по текущим имущественным налогам.
Конкурсная корпорация: к вопросу о потенциальной правосубъектности конкурсной массы
Authors: Суворов Е.Д.
Published: September 2021

В статье обосновывается тезис о возможности и целесообразности признания за конкурсной массой статуса правосубъектной корпорации. Отмечается, что такое признание позволит в рамках иного концептуального подхода разрешить известные проблемы банкротного права: статус и порядок выбора управляющего; природа управленческих полномочий со стороны собрания кредиторов и статус сообщества кредиторов; природа текущих обязательств; основания перехода вещных правомочий в отношении конкурсной массы от должника к управляющему, назначаемому по представлению кредиторов; проблема миноритарных кредиторов и способы защиты их интересов от злоупотреблений со стороны мажоритарных кредиторов; ответственность мажоритарного кредитора за причиненные массе убытки; оппозиция необеспеченных и залоговых кредиторов; распределение компетенции между органами кредиторов и органами должника; оборот требований; контроль кредиторов за объемом расходов и иных текущих обязательств; объяснение моратория в виде запрета на индивидуальнее исполнение и объяснение коллективного способа распределения. Приводится структура соответствующей корпорации, определяются права ее членов (кредиторы обычные, привилегированные и субординированные, должник).
Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Nanomagnetite-based Polymer Materials
Authors: Kuznetsova Ekaterina L. , Sha Minggong
Published: September 2021

In this work, samples of magnetite nanoparticles are synthesized using various synthetic methods. It is shown that of the existing methods of magnetite synthesis, the most widespread is the method of coprecipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts. Less common, but of interest due to the slower and more controlled kinetics of particle nucleation, is the Fe2+ oxidation method. However, magnetite is unstable and under external influences its phase transition to maghemite can occur, which leads to a change in magnetic characteristics and a change in biological responses. After analyzing the results of the study of samples by the XRD method, the following conclusions can be drawn: The magnetite phase was identified by the characteristic peaks in the diffraction patterns for all samples, except for the sample with EDTA, which may be a consequence of an insufficient amount of the introduced oxidant, or poor diffusion of the oxidant to iron ions due to the formed chelate complex. It can be concluded that magnetite is a promising material for its use in industry and medicine.
Sectarianism: Nature and Defining Criteria
Authors: Al-Hindawi Fareed Hameed , Kadhim Basim Jubair
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the linguistic account of sectarianism in terms of definition, forms, defining criteria, types of sectarianism and all the strategies which may represent sectarianism within a certain society. To define the sectarian discourse, defining criteria as well as parameters to specify the discourse genre which is related to sectarianism are to be explored and discussed. This can set the blueprints of analysis  of the sectarian discourse.
Influence of Teachers’ Subject Competence and Teaching Experience on Use of Instructional Strategies to Enhance Pupils Literacy Skills in Busia County, Kenya
Authors: Paul Otwate , Begi Nyakwara , Mwangi Margaret
Published: September 2021

Language skills in young children provides a foundation to a better acquisition of cognitive, social, physical and emotional skills useful in the later years of life for children. It also enhances smooth transition, performance, and retention and completion rate in school for children. The paper presents findings from a study conducted to establish the influence of teacher’s subject competence and teaching experience on use of instructional strategies to enhance development of literacy skills in children in lower grade in Nambale Sub-county, Busia County Kenya. It is paramount to generate evidence based understanding of the primary role of teachers for language in enhancing children’s literacy skills to improve their chances of acquiring quality and inclusive education later in life. Researchers aimed to establish the influence of teacher’s subject competence and teaching experience during foundation level at which children should primarily acquire basic literacy skills to facilitate a smooth transition to later grades.
Inflexive Marker and Morphophonological Processes in the Lamalera Dialect of Lamaholot Language (LDLL)
Authors: Demon Yosef , Genua Veronika
Published: September 2021

Inflection is a universal linguistic phenomenon. The phenomenon of inflection occurs in every language according to each language system. The language system of each language greatly determines the peculiarities of the language inflection. Inflection in a language that is agglutinative is different from that in a language that has a synthetic, tonal and isolating system. The treatment of each language is different for this case of inflection. Lamalera Dialect of Lamaholot Language (LDLL) also shows inflection. Inflection in LDLL is different from inflection in other languages ​​because of the language system, especially the LDLL sound system. LDLL is not characterized by agglutinative, nor synthetic, tonal nor isolating morphology. What is the strategy for inflection in LDLL? The result of the study shows that in LDLL, inflection is expressed clitically on the verb. These clitics are cross-referenced by the verbs. There are two types of cross-reference clitics, namely cross-referencing proclitics and enclitics. Proclitic cross-referencing applies to both transitive and intransitive root verbs. This form of cross-referencing pronouns is both proclitic and enclitic, and morphophonological changes actually occur. This process cannot be avoided because morphophonological processes actually occur due to merging of the morpheme with another morpheme. In this case the clitic is considered as bound morpheme.
An Evaluation Study of The Role of Government in Community Based-Tourism Development
Authors:   College of Asia Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Oita 874-8577, Japan, Say Dietermar
Published: September 2021

Supporting community based-tourism (CBT) is a development strategy for local government to use tourism to improve local people’s livelihoods. Here local government takes over the agenda for the community and supplies updates and resources on development but leaves the decision making to the community itself. However it is not just the government that designs CBT strategies, the existing literature shows that members of academia and international organizations have been carrying out, publishing and analyzing CBT case studies, thus providing more insight as to why CBT fails or succeeds in communities. In general, the tourism transformation achieved by government may not always be satisfactory to the community as opposed to academia, international organizations, or the community itself. As each community is unique, the present study examines the general attitudes of 535 respondents about government performance in CBT from 40 different countries. The respondents are divided into four groups according to the respondents’ work experience with academia, government, international organizations, and the community. The results show that the government group sees themselves as the least productive, whereas the international organization group paradoxically sees the government’s ability in CBT as the most favorable. The outcome of this study provides a general overview of the capabilities and limits of government in CBT development which may be of use to communities and stakeholders that are considering becoming involved in such transformations.
Education and Social Change: The Basis of Evolution and Development of a Contemporary Society
Authors:   B.Barooah college , gauhati University, India, Mazumdar Suman
Published: September 2021

Changes in society are shifts from the accepted way of life, either they are caused by changes in geography, culturale quipment, population structure, or philosophies, or by diffusion or innovations well within community.It is education that has been a chief instrument in bringing about phenomenal changes in all the aspects of society. A country without education produces incompetent policy makers rather than ideal leaders. The administration proves to be pathetic, with increased rate of crimes, corruption, social disorder, violation of- laws, rules, human rights, and so on. In addition, it is impossible for a society to attain a sustainable socio-economic development with zero contribution to human resource development. The paper significantly demonstrates a conceptual and qualitative research in the context of social change and education.
The Influence of Media Powtoon on the Ability of Writing Procedure Texts for VII Class Students of Junior High School 3 Pakkat
Authors:   Sisingamangaraja XII University Tapanuli, Saragih Mariati
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Powtoon media on the ability to write procedural texts for class VII students of SMP Negeri 3 Pakkat, Academic Year 2020/2021. The population in this study amounted to 62 people, and the sample of this study amounted to 32 students who were taken by a simple random sampling process. The research method used in this research is the experimental method. Hypothesis testing using the "t" test. From the data processing, the average pretest = 63.81, standard deviation = 9.38, standard error = 1.68. In the posttest, the mean = 83.62, standard deviation = 5.08, standard error = 0.91. Based on the normality test, the results of the pretest and posttest were normally distributed. For the homogeneity test, the F value is obtained from the table with the real rate = 0.05 or Fcount < Ftable or 3.40 < 4.17. This proves that the sample states that the variance of the two variables is homogeneous. The results of the "t" test obtained a value of to = 11.72. After to is known, then the value will be consulted with table 1 at a significant level of 5% of 2.03. Based on the calculations that have been done, it can be seen that to > t table is 11.72 > 2.03. Thus, Ho (nil hypothesis) is rejected, and Ha (alternative hypothesis) is accepted. This proves that there is an influence of Powtoon media on the ability to write procedural texts for Class VII students of SMP Negeri 3 Pakkat, Academic Year 2020/2021.
The Effect of the Greek Enlightenment on the Greek Revolution and the position of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Authors:   Department of Philosophy, University of Patras, Rion – Achaia, Greece, Psarrou Evi
Published: September 2021

The present study aims to discuss the connection between the Modern Greek Enlightenment and the Greek Revolution. It reveals the decisive effect of this intellectual movement upon the Greek subjects of the Ottoman Empire supporting that the Greek Enlightenment contributed to the awakening of the Greeks who eventually revolted against the Ottomans establishing a new independent national state. Additionally this paper reveals the position of the Orthodox Church and its reaction towards the Enlightenment and moreover highlights certain actions taken by the Church against the Enlightenment thinkers. Finally, an attempt is made and to the reasons that led the Church to adopt this position against the Enlightenment movement and the Greek Revolution. This paper derives from an in-depth study of the bibliography relevant to the aforementioned issues.
The North-South Divide, And Northernness in Road to Wigan Pier from George Orwell, A Novelist and Outsider’s View
Authors:   Haiyi Wang, Wang Haiyi
Published: September 2021

During the time that George Orwell lived, the Britain society was on the edge of development and fluctuation, the north-south divide was an issue discussed by journalists and politics, nationally and regionally. George Orwell, by traveling up and down in the whole English territory, wrote down what exactly he saw and experienced in 1930s. In Road to Wigan Pier, he depicted the unemployment and living conditions in North of England, as well as the class division and his potential political views. Road to Wigan Pier influences historical and literature scholars and triggers huge amount of debates on the politics, economy and history of England. Most importantly, it is both a mirror of England in 1930s and a future-teller of the modern society that we are living in. As Benjamin Jonson has claimed, “ He was not of an age, but for all time!”. Most scholars consider the novel is in two parts: the first is the people he met and his physical experience in Wigan, Barnsley and Sheffield (the north). The second is his critical view on socialism in England and the middle class. In Road to Wigan Pier, and contemplating his personal background, what we can conclude is that George Orwell is a novelist, and he is neither a “north” nor a “south”. We have no persuading reasons of his work is not as the same value as those first-hand such as scientific data and photography. However, it is worth analysing his work with the record of the broad social condition in England. As a novelist and an outsider, we can see from the whole novel Road to Wigan Pier that he has his own perspectives on “northernness” from the aspects of employment, working-class and class difference. All these comments of George Orwell, since subjective and personal, especially trigger the politics’ thinking and the improve the social research orientation.
Psychological Problems of Patients with a Stoma during Preoperative and Postoperative Period
Authors: Girdžiūtė Ieva , Bukartienė Loreta , Lukianskytė Rūta
Published: September 2021

Aim of the study. To reveal the psychological problems of patients with a stoma in the preoperative and postoperative periods.

Methods. Analysis of scientific literature and quantitative research. A quantitative research was conducted to reveal the psychological problems experienced by patients with a stoma in the preoperative and postoperative periods. It also aimed at revealing the opinion of nurses about the psychological problems experienced by patients with a stoma in the preoperative and postoperative periods. Patients and nurses were provided with anonymous questionnaires. The study included patients with a stoma (N = 34) in one of the largest cities hospital X and nurses who were caring of them (N = 30). A descriptive statistics was used for analysis.

Results. The majority of patients agreed that they had felt fear before the operation, and this was noticed by all the nurses in the study. Nearly half of patients agreed that after surgery they feared they would not be able to cope with a stoma, and almost all nurses agreed. Most patients agreed that they experienced the lack of information and psychological discomfort. However, the patients disagreed that they had felt lonely and unsup-ported after surgery. The patients noted the lack of theoretical knowledge about stoma care after surgery.
PENGARUH PERPUTARAN PIUTANG DAN PERPUTARAN KAS TERHADAP TINGKAT LIKUIDITAS (QUICK RATIO) PADA PERUSAHAAN KONSTUKSI (STUDI KASUS PT WIJAYA KARYA TBK)
Authors: Maulana Jaka , Karim Abdul
Published: September 2021

Suatu perusahaan dikatakan likuid apabila perusahaan tersebut mampu memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendeknya sesuai dengan waktu yang telah jatuh tempo. Likuiditas diperlukan bagi perusahaan sebagi jamnian pemenuhan kewajiban jangka pendeknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh perputaran piutang dna perutaran kas terhadap likuiditas (quick ratio) PT Wijaya Karya (persero) Tbk. Objek penelitian ini adalah PT Wijaya Karya (persero) Tbk. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji normalitas, korelasi product moment, analisis regresi linear berganda, koefisien determinasi, uji-t dan uji-f dengan bantuan SPSS versi 22.0. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah laporan keuangan triwulan PT Wijaya Karya (persero) Tbk pada periode 2009 samapi dengan 2016 yang diperoleh dari perusahaan tersebut dengan jumlah sampel 32. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil dari uji-t, perputaran piutang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap (quick ratio secara positif, sedangkan perputaran kas berpengaruh negatif terhadap (quick ratio) pada PT Wijaya Karya (persero) Tbk. Adapun secara simultan perputaran piutang dan perputaran kas terhadap quick ratio pada PT Wijaya Karya berpengaruh secara signifikan.
PENGARUH AUDIT INTERNAL DAN PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN KECURANGAN (FRAUD) di PT PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA VIII
Authors: Firmansyah Indra
Published: September 2021

PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII adalah perusahaan yang bergerak pada bidang usaha agro industri. Berdasarkan Laporan Hasil Audit Tahun 2018 terdapat indikasi yang mengarah pada kecurangan di PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII. Dimana terdapat beberapa lahan yang digunakan tanpa adanya payung hukum. Sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya penyalahgunaan atau kecurangan penggunaan terhadap lahan tersebut. Selain itu ada beberapa pelaksanaan program dan juga sistem pencatatan yang tidak sesuai dengan prosedur dan pedoman yang seharusnya. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, hasil hipotesis pertama didapat bahwa audit internal secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pencegahan kecurangan (fraud) dimana nilat t hitung > t tabel dengan nilai 2,150 > 2,016. Hasil hipotesis kedua didapat bahwa pengendalian internal secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pencegahan kecurangan (fraud) dimana nilat t hitung > t tabel dengan nilai 8,933 > 2,016. Hasil hipotesis ketiga di dapat bahwa audit internal dan pengendalian internal secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pencegahan kecurangan (fraud) dimana nilat F hitung > F tabel dengan nilai 54,328 > 3,21.
Social change, preserving what is valuable
Authors: Stănescu Nina , Tasențe Tănase
Published: September 2021

Social relationships are generally defined as that type of interconnection between two, three or more social actors acting together, thinking together, feeling together, waiting or asking for an answer from one another, within life manifestations or common, palpable, sustainable and meaningful activities. The foundation of social relationships (and their framework) is, therefore, represented by the manifestation of life that includes at least two individuals. When this life manifestation takes the form of the meaning of life, the foundation of a social action and, thus, the manifestation of a social relationship, is created. When the manifestation of life takes the form of a professional activity, we say that it has a professional meaning. The meaning of life is expressed in connection to the profession and, cumulatively, as a vocation”
Psychological well-being in college students: Psychometric properties of the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) and the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT)
Authors: Arslan Gökmen
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the psychometric properties of two integrative inventories of psychological well-being– the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) and the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT)– that could be widely used among Turkish young adults. This study also aimed to examine whether students with severe psychological health symptoms reported higher levels of loneliness, lack of control, and negative feelings, and fewer positive domains of the CIT (e.g., support, belonging, positive feelings, and self-efficacy).  The participants of this study included 314 Turkish undergraduate students (76% female with an age range of 18–47 years [M = 22.83, SD = 4.09]) from a state university in Turkey. Confirmatory factor analyses showed good psychometric fit statistics of both the CIT and BIT, confirming the latent structure of inventories. Factor loadings of the CIT items were strong, with robust indicator reliabilities. With regard to the concurrent validity of the measures, the study results showed that the domains and the brief version of the measure had significant correlations with psychological health symptoms. Additionally, individuals with severe mental health symptoms reported fewer positive psychological domains of psychological well-being, whereas having higher negative domains of psychological well-being than those with mild symptoms. Specifically, Cohen's d effect sizes were large for some social resources and subjective well-being domains. Overall, these results provide evidence suggesting that both the CIT and BIT could be used to assess psychological well-being among Turkish young adults.
EFFECT OF MACRO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN KENYA OF REGISTERED REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS TRUSTS
Authors: Wanjiku Sophia , Bosire Joshua , Matanda Joshua
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the macroeconomic effect on Registered Real Estate Investments Trusts (REITs) financial performance in Kenya.

Materials and Methods: Causal research design was used to describe the REITs financial performance. This study used the population comprising of thirteen REITs firms in Kenya. The entire population (census) was used for the study. This study utilized secondary sources of data to get the information required to satisfy the research objectives. Time series data on REITs financial performance was computed for a four-year period as at 1st January 2016 to 31stDecember 2019, thus making use of 4 data points. The process of data analysis entailed preparation of the collected data through cleaning, editing and coding so that statistics could be keyed in the SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) package. The data was presented through tables and figures

Results:  The regression model results without the moderating variable showed that R = 0.792, R² = 0.627 indicating that 62.7% of the variance in the REITs financial performance can be accounted for by the independent variables (macroeconomic variables). On the other hand, the regression model results with the moderating variable showed that R = 0.838, R² = 0.703 indicating that 70.3% of the variance in the REITs financial performance can be accounted for by the independent variables (macroeconomic variables) and the moderating variable considered in this study. 

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that the government and REITs stakeholders should focus on policies and strategies that encourage favorable balance of payment in Kenya. REITs develop and design their products to suit consumers tastes and preferences to ensure their increased as consumption increases. Lastly, the government should expand the money supply to lower the inflation rates through tight fiscal and economic policies.
Effect of Paracetamol on Sperm Biological Parameters and Testosterone Level in Albino Male Mice
Authors: Eljaafari Habiba , EL Mabrouk Zainab , Rashrash Marwan
Published: September 2021

Backgrounds and objectives. The wide use of paracetamol at high doses was found to alter sperm parameters especially sperm morphology, and thus its fertilizing capability. Therefore, the present study was designed to use different doses of paracetamol to identify its effect on sperm parameters and testosterone levels in adult male mice. Methods. Forty adult male albino mice were divided into four equal groups, the first group injected with distilled water, the three treated groups injected with different doses of paracetamol (20, 40, 80 mg/kg body weight /day) over a period of 42 days. All doses were given once daily via intraperitoneal injection. Results. The results showed that paracetamol causes a significant decrease in body weight, non-significance effect on sperm parameters at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg, while it led to a significant effect on sperm parameters at a dose of 80 mg/kg. Also, there was no difference in testosterone level between control and the treated groups (20 and 40mg/kg). But it showed a significant decrease in testosterone level at dose 80 mg/kg treated groups. Conclusion. It is considered safe to use paracetamol at doses 20 and 40 mg/kg but the dose 80 mg/kg has adverse effects on sperm parameters and testosterone level.
Scientific Approaches in Screening the Analgesic property of Sida Cordata
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry., K Srinivasan , T Sivakumar ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry., N Kiruthiga ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry., Sherief S Haja ,   Department of Pharmacology., S Sengottuvelu ,   Department of Pharmacology., R Duraisami ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode – 638052. Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2021

Pain is likely the most common symptomatic complaint in medicine; an understanding of its mechanism is critical to interpret it. Nociception refers to the detection of noxious stimuli by nociceptors, followed by transduction and transmission of the sensory nervous information from the periphery to the brain. Plants have played a unique holistic role for the provision of food, drugs, clothing, shelter, etc. Natural compounds have been extensively explored for new drug discoveries. Indeed, plants have been used as medicines for more than 5000 years, as a source of antibiotics, antineoplastic, analgesics, cardioprotective, among others. About 70–90% of the population in developing countries continue to use ancient medicines based on plant extracts. Sida cordata popularly known as “bala” is regarded as a valuable drug in the Ayurvedic System of Indian Medicine. In order to validate the ethnomedical claim of Sida cordata as pain reliever, a study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Sida cordata whole plant in laboratory animals. For centrally mediated analgesic activity, eddy’s hot plate method was employed and Pentazocine was uses as reference control. For peripherally mediated analgesic activity, acetic acid induced writhing model was employed and Dicofenac was used as reference control. Sida cordata ethanolic extract was administered orally at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. In eddy’s hot plate method, both the doses of Sida cordata significantly increased the reaction time compare to vehicle control. In acetic acid induced writhing test, both the doses of Sida cordata significantly reduced the number of writhing compare to vehicle control. In both the models, the effect produced by Sida cordata was comparable to that of respective reference control. The results obtained suggest that the ethanolic extract of Sida cordata has showed marked analgesic activity in experimental animal models and this strappingly supports the ethnopharmacological applications of the plant for the target activity.