bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preface
Authors: Lee Sang-gi
Published: March 2014

The 17th International Conference on Organic Synthesis (ICOS 17) was held in Daejeon, Korea during 22-27 June 2008 under the joint chairmanship of Prof. Eun Lee (Seoul National University) and Prof. Sunggak Kim (Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology). Professor Sung Ho Kang (Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) acted as Chair of the Organizing Committee for the event, which is the latest in a regular biennial series that was initiated in 1974 under the auspices of IUPAC. On this occasion, the Korean Chemical Society acted as cosponsors, and the Conference enjoyed generous financial support from the Korean Research Foundation, the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies, and a sponsorship club representing Korean industries.

Almost 1000 participants, including 412 foreign scientists, attended from 32 countries, once again demonstrating the ongoing international appeal and topicality of organic synthesis. The scientific program of ICOS 17 was characterized by in-depth coverage of many familiar aspects of the topic, such as synthetic methodology, natural products synthesis, bioorganic chemistry, chemical biology, organic materials, and medicinal chemistry. The program was delineated in five broad themes entitled:

- Discovery of new reagents and reactions

- Challenges and new trends in natural products synthesis

- Prospects in bioorganic chemistry and chemical biology

- Visions in organic materials researches

- Events in drug discovery and process development

A total of 51 invited lectures were delivered; in addition to 36 from academia, 13 emanated from industry and 2 from research institutes. A highlight of the lecture program was the Thieme-IUPAC prize lecture presented by Prof. Dean Toste (University of California, Berkeley, USA). The poster program was particularly well supported, and no less than 533 posters were presented during two sessions.

This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises a collection of 12 papers based on lectures delivered at ICOS 17. The organizers are particularly grateful to all who contributed to this issue for their timely efforts. The topics of these papers feature some of the major themes of the conference and thus furnish a representative insight into the scientific program and capture exciting new developments and trends. This series will continue in Bergen, Norway on 2-5 August 2010, and it is confidently expected that it will continue to fulfill an important scientific role in highlighting ongoing advances in modern organic synthesis.

Sang-gi Lee

Conference Editor
Preface
Authors: Henry Bryan R.
Published: March 2014

IUPAC is a global, scientific organization that contributes to the worldwide understanding of chemistry and the chemical sciences. It is certainly true that young chemists are shaping our science, and it is important for IUPAC to provide encouragement to our young colleagues. IUPAC accomplishes this goal through the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists. This prestigious annual prize honors four to five chemists for important and outstanding research carried out during recent Ph.D. studies. The work is mainly judged on the basis of a 1000-word essay which is supported by recommendations from the senior scientist(s) with whom the candidate collaborated.

As immediate Past President of IUPAC, I have had the pleasure of chairing an international prize selection committee of eminent chemists with a wide range of expertise in chemistry that adjudicated essays from 36 applicants from 19 countries. Reading these outstanding essays provided a wonderful overview of new trends in chemistry. Due to the large number of excellent candidates, it was not an easy task to pick the winners, but in the end the committee arrived at a unanimous decision and awarded the 2009 IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists to the following five chemists:

- Faisal A. Aldaye, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; "Supramolecular DNA nanotechnology: Discrete nanoparticle organization, three dimensional DNA construction, and molecule-mediated DNA self-assembly"

- Christopher Bettinger, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; "Synthesis and microfabrication of elastomeric biomaterials for advanced tissue engineering scaffolds"

- Xinliang Feng, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany: "C3-symmetric discotic liquid-crystalline materials for molecular electronics: Versatile synthesis and self-organization"

- Xing Yi Ling, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands: "From supramolecular chemistry to nanotechnology: Assembly of 3D nanostructures"

- Shengqian Ma, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; "Gas adsorption applications of porous metal–organic frameworks"

Each winner received a cash prize of USD 1000 and a trip to the 42nd IUPAC World Chemistry Congress, which took place in Glascow, Scotland, 2-7 August, 2009. Here the winners had the opportunity to present their work, which is an important stage of any research project. The prize winners also were invited to submit manuscripts on aspects of their research for publication in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC). It is a pleasure to see that all five prize winners have taken advantage of this offer. The result is five refereed papers which contain critical reviews of high quality and appear in PAC.

Finally, it is an honor and a pleasure to congratulate each of the winners (and their supervisors) for winning the 2009 IUPAC Prize. It is IUPAC's hope that each of them has been encouraged to continue to do exciting research that will contribute to a bright future for the molecular-based sciences, which are so important for our common future.

Bryan R. Henry

IUPAC Immediate Past President and Chair of the IUPAC Prize Selection Committee
Preface
Authors: Bai F. W. , Zhang W. , Zhong J.-J.
Published: March 2014

The IUPAC-sponsored 13th International Biotechnology Symposium (IBS) and Exhibition was held successfully from 12 to 17 October 2008 in Dalian, China, with about 2500 participants, including 50 % international delegates from about 80 countries. More details of the conference are available in Chemistry International31 (3), 28-29 (2009).

The theme of the conference was "Biotechnology for the sustainability of human society", through which all key biotechnology topics closely related to the better living of human beings were discussed. Examples included biopharmaceuticals and advanced diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, green biotechnology for the improvement of agricultural production yield and efficiency, industrial biotechnology for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals from renewable biomass resources as alternatives to fossil-based feedstocks, bioremediation of pollutants and contaminants to save the continuously deteriorating eco-environment, and biosafety and biosecurity associated with the progress of advanced biotechnology.

With the sponsorships of international and domestic academic publishers, several special issues have been published for the conference, reporting or reviewing the frontiers of modern biotechnology with specific focus. It has been recognized that chemistry is the fundamental discipline to drive the progress of biotechnology R&D since its inception. This importance was highlighted by over half a century history of the IBS series dating back to as early as 1960 when the first IBS was initiated under the auspices of IUPAC in Rome, Italy, and continuously increased numbers of participants trained with chemistry backgrounds, which gives us, as the conference organizers, the pleasure of publishing this special issue in Pure and Applied Chemistry with a theme: "Building the bridge between chemistry and biotechnology".

Invitations were issued to 42 Symposium presenters whose contributions were deemed to be directly relevant to the chosen theme, and resulted in this collection comprising 29 papers devoted to aspects of research progress in the interdisciplinary area of chemistry and biotechnology. Although the publication comes later than expected, we believe that its objective to highlight the critical role of chemistry in the development of biotechnology is never out of date. As the guest editors of this special issue, we are very pleased to share this publication with colleagues around the world, and we are also grateful to IUPAC, the authors, and the referees for all of their contributions toward this record of an important interdisciplinary feature of the IBS program.

F. W. Bai, W. Zhang, and J.-J. Zhong

Conference Editors
Preface
Authors: Diederich François , Thilgen Carlo
Published: March 2014

The 13th International Symposium on Novel Aromatic Compounds (ISNA-13) was held in Luxembourg City, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, the smallest country so far hosting a conference of the ISNA series. It took place 19-24 July 2009 and was attended by 360 participants, mostly from academic institutions, representing 34 countries. The scientific program consisted of the Opening Plenary Lecture given by Prof. Jean-Marie Lehn (Institute of Science and Supramolecular Engineering and Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg), the 2009 Nozoe Lecture presented by Prof. Atsuhiro Osuka (Kyoto University, Kyoto), 34 invited lectures, 26 oral communications, and 194 posters presented in two sessions. In a public lecture, vice rector Prof. Luciënne Blessing presented the activities of the recently founded University of Luxembourg. The organizing committee made a strong and successful effort to attract numerous graduate and undergraduate students to ISNA-13.

The ISNA symposium series was launched by Prof. Tetsuo Nozoe in 1970 as the International Symposium on Nonbenzenoid Aromatic Compounds. Since then, the currently biennial conference rotates between Asia, North America, and Europe. As indicated by its present name, the focus of the symposium has broadened and is now set on new experimental and theoretical insights into the concept of aromaticity, synthesis and properties of novel aromatic compounds, as well as applications of π-conjugated systems in different fields of molecular science and technology. From a broader perspective, through interactions between participating scientists, ISNA conferences aim at the generation of new knowledge and its eventual application for the betterment of society.

In line with the above, the organizers of ISNA-13 emphasized not only the traditional and fundamental aspects of novel aromatic compounds, such as their theory, synthesis, structure, and properties, but also their application in materials science. This included, for example, macrocycles, oligomers, and polymers and their optoelectronic properties, supramolecular chemistry based on aromatic functional modules, aromatics on surfaces, and molecular electronics based on aromatic units. The main subjects of the meeting that are covered in this Special Topic issue are as follows:

- aromaticity and novel aromatic systems - theory

- aromaticity and novel aromatic systems - experimental

- fullerenes and concave aromatics

- aromatic polymers and oligomers and their optoelectronic properties

- supramolecular aromatic devices, switches, and machines

- aromatics on surfaces, including graphene

- optoelectronics

The next conference, ISNA-14, will be chaired by Profs. Michael M. Haley (University of Oregon, Eugene) and Benjamin T. King (University of Nevada, Reno) and will be held in Eugene, OR, USA, 24-29 July 2011. ISNA-15 will be organized by Prof. Ken-Tsung Wong (National Taiwan University) in Taipei, Taiwan.

François Diederich

A. Dieter Schlüter

Carlo Thilgen

Conference Editors
Preface
Authors: von Keudell Achim , Winter Jörg
Published: March 2014

The 19th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-19) was held at Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany, from 26 to 31 July 2009 under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Plasma Chemistry Society (IPCS), and under the patronage of the Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany. Bochum also served as the host venue for ISPC-10 in 1991, and this return occasion of ISPC-19 was co-sponsored by the German Science Foundation, the Ruhr-University Bochum, and the town of Bochum.

ISPC is a bi-annual international conference with topics encompassing the complete areas of plasma chemistry and plasma processing science. Almost 650 participants from over 40 countries presented 682 papers. Six plenary speakers and 22 topical invited speakers covered a broad range of topics. These keynote lectures were complemented by 105 oral contributions and about 530 poster presentations in 16 categorized scientific topics. The large number of papers reflects that the current field of plasma chemistry is lively and evolving, and crosses the borders between many disciplines ranging from natural to engineering sciences.

This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry contains 13 papers based on plenary lectures and topical invited talks presented at ISPC-19. This compilation illustrates very well that the traditional distinction between low-pressure and thermal high-pressure plasmas almost disappears; the current research topics on microplasmas and microplasma jets exhibit many similarities if compared to research on conventional arcs used for thermal spraying. We sincerely hope that this issue provides readers an overview of current and future scientific developments.

Achim von Keudell

Conference Chair

Jörg Winter

Conference Co-Chair
Preface
Authors: Hofer Thomas
Published: March 2014

The 31st International Conference on Solution Chemistry (ICSC-31) was held 21-25 August 2009 in Innsbruck, Austria. This conference series covers a wide range of topics related to solution chemistry, such as spectroscopy, thermodynamics, and kinetics to name just a few, addressing experimentalists and theoreticians alike.

Seventeen outstanding plenary and invited lectures were given by renowned scientists. The topics of the plenaries were solution NMR stuctures of proteins (J. Wüthrich), porous coordination polymers (S. Kitagawa), ab initio-based water potentials for simulation studies (S. Xantheas), and the hydration structures of metal ions in solution (I. Persson). Additionally, 33 oral contributions were presented and two poster sessions were held. A total of 29 countries were represented in this conference. The best poster award was given to Matjaz Boncina for his poster entitled "Thermodynamics of the ion–lysozyme association". Pierre Turq presented details of the next ICSC meeting to be held in 2011 in La Grande Motte, France.

Eight papers based on lectures presented at the ICSC-31 are included in this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The manuscripts cover investigations using different spectroscopic approaches, molecular simulation studies as well as thermodynamic measurements. The systems treated range from pure water and aqueous solution to ionic liquids and solutions containing polyelectrolytes. These contributions feature the major themes of the conference, serve as a representative view of current activities in the field of solution chemistry, and demonstrate that solutions still prove to be challenging targets for contemporary physical and chemical research alike.

Thomas Hofer

Bernhard Randolf

Conference Editors
Preface
Authors: Nikolić Branislav
Published: March 2014

The electrochemical community in the southeastern part of Europe has been renowned worldwide for more than 50 years. The contributions to electrochemical science, involving publications, scientific meetings, or, generally speaking, electrochemical research, development, education, and applications are recognized to a wider extent than expected, bearing in mind this relatively small geographic area. The tradition connected with 16 biannual Yugoslav Symposia on Electrochemistry, followed by a few Croatian Electrochemical Symposia and Electrochemical Symposia of Serbia and Montenegro merged into a Regional Symposium. Actually, the mutual idea was born in Belgrade, Serbia and Zagreb, Croatia. Going toward the European Union, nine chemical societies from southeast European organized the 2nd Symposium (the Serbian Chemical Society was the local organizer), held in Belgrade, Serbia, 6-10 June 2010 http://www.rse-see.net. The 1st Symposium, with the Croatian Society of Chemical Engineers as the local organizer, was held in Rovinj, Croatia in 2008.

The 2nd Symposium was attended by more than 200 participants, including young scientists (such as university students participating in the Satellite Student Symposium with 19 contributions) from more than 30 countries. Eminent invited plenary and keynote speakers delivered 9 and 18 lectures, respectively, and 46 oral and 118 poster presentations were contributed, promoting thereby contemporary electrochemical knowledge even outside the region. Topics such as fundamental aspects of electrochemistry, energy conversion, materials, corrosion, environmental electrochemistry, and bio-electrochemistry, among others, lead to the conclusion that this was a very successful meeting.

The selected papers published herein give a representative view of the Symposium, considering electrochemical thermodynamics, the fundamentals of electrochemical kinetics, the structure of electrode materials, and some basic electrochemical reactions and applications of electrochemical and materials science principles as biomedical implants, in analytical chemistry and corrosion.

The 3rd Regional Symposium on Electrochemistry of Southeast Europe is scheduled for 2012. The local organizer is the Romanian Chemical Society, and the venue will be Bucharest, Romania.

Branislav Nikolić

Conference Editor
Preface
Authors: Williams Peter A.
Published: March 2014

The 14th International Symposium on Solubility Phenomena and Related Equilibrium Processes (ISSP-14) was held at the Montanuniversität, Leoben, Austria, on 25-30 July 2010, co-chaired by Profs. Helmut Antrekowitsch and Heinz Gamsjäger. As part of the scientific program, a workshop on chemical modeling including kinetic effects was held over several days. The Symposium attracted scientists from all continents, save South America. Speakers at the Symposium covered an astonishing range of topics concerned with solubility phenomena in their widest sense. Oral presentations spanned the fields of analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, and modeling of aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, supersaturation, environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology, ionic liquids, solid solutions and phase relationships, and metallurgy. Aside from oral presentations, two lively poster sessions attracted some 43 presentations, also ranging across the above-mentioned topics.

This volume of Pure and Applied Chemistry presents papers based on eight of the key lectures and one of the invited oral presentations at the Symposium. Subjects include the applications, experimental data and theory of the chemistry of salts in aqueous solutions, computational thermochemistry, impurities and calcium sulfate hydrates in hydrometallurgical processes, kinetics of diffusive phase transformations, environmental remediation, free energy minimization methods, supersaturation and phase transformations, and melt corrosion of refractories. These papers offer a glimpse of current research activity in diverse practical and applied aspects of solution chemistry and provide an up-to-date commentary on them.

The Organizing Committee is delighted that these papers have been gathered together in one volume and thanks the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for its continuing support in bringing the above-mentioned topics to the attention of the wider scientific community.

Peter A. Williams
Conference Editor
Preface
Authors: Abu Zarga Musa H.
Published: March 2014

It was a great honor for the University of Jordan to organize the 11th Eurasia Conference on Chemical Sciences (EuAsC2S-11), which was held at the Dead Sea, Jordan from 6 to 10 October 2010.

The main objective of the Eurasia Conferences is to give young chemists and graduate students from developing countries the opportunity to meet and interact with eminent scientists from all over the world.

The theme of the 11th Eurasia Conference, “ChemistryCares”, underlines the role of chemistry in society and the responsibility of chemists to improve our lives.

The scientific program featured 12 plenary lectures, 108 invited lectures, 36 oral presentations, and more than 100 poster presentations. The topics covered the following major themes:

Natural Products Chemistry

Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Design

Bioorganic Chemistry

Organic Synthesis

Heterocyclic Chemistry

Bioinorganic and Inorganic Chemistry

Coordination Programming

Materials Science and Nanochemistry

Renewable Energy and Water Research

Physical and Computational Chemistry

Analytical Chemistry

Electrochemistry

Molecular Aspects of Liquids and Solutions

Educational Chemistry

In addition, there were 4 workshops, 5 panel discussions, and 5 scientific exhibitions.

The conference was attended by 630 participants from 59 countries. Many of the participants were young chemists from Jordan and other developing countries who had the opportunity to meet and interact with prominent scientists from around the world, including three Nobel laureates.

We are grateful to all who contributed to the success of the conference, especially the speakers and the national and international sponsors.

Musa H. Abu Zarga

Conference Editor
Preface
Authors: Rajendran V. , Hillbrands Burkard , Geckeler Kurt E.
Published: March 2014

The International Conference on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (NANO-2010) was organized by the Center for Nanoscience and Technology (CNST), K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, in association with the Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), World Class University (WCU), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), South Korea, and the Technische Unversität Kaiserslautern, Germany, from 13 to 16 December 2010. The interdisciplinary conference was held at the KSRCT, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India, and included a series of scientific lectures, an exhibition, and a panel discussion with funding agencies such as the DST, Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), DAE, and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

In addition, a special session for DRDO was arranged, including a benefit for the delegates to explore potential areas of collaboration with the DRDO laboratories. This special session on the “Application of Nanotechnology for National Security” was held 14 December 2010. Also, 13 companies exhibited their products in the exhibition hall. Distinguished persons from various funding agencies participated in the panel discussion to identify the road map for nanotechnology in India. The conference was enlightened by three plenary lectures, which included one given by Prof. Dr. Richard Ernst, Nobel laureate. In addition, 39 invited lectures and more than 560 contributed papers from over 24 countries were presented.

We would like to thank IUPAC for coming forward to publish the invited papers in Pure and Applied Chemistry. Out of 39 invited lectures, 12 papers were accepted after peer review for publication. We also thank IUPAC for sponsoring this event.

Our special thanks are due to the reviewers for their help with critical reviews and detailed comments on the manuscripts and also to the speakers for considering the reviewers’ comments.

V. Rajendran, Burkard Hillbrands, and Kurt E. Geckeler

Conference Editors
Preface
Authors: Tundo Pietro
Published: March 2014

The first Special Topic issue devoted to green chemistry was published in Pure and Applied Chemistry in July 2000 [Pure Appl. Chem.72, 1207-1403 (2000)]. Since then, three collections of works have been published, arising from the recently launched IUPAC series of International Conferences on Green Chemistry:

- 1st International Conference on Green Chemistry (ICGC-1), Dresden, Germany, 10-15 September 2006: Pure Appl. Chem.79, 1833-2100 (2007)

- 2nd International Conference on Green Chemistry (ICGC-2), Moscow, Russia, 14-20 September 2008: Pure Appl. Chem.81, 1961-2129 (2009)

- 3rd International Conference on Green Chemistry (ICGC-3), Ottawa, Canada, 15-18 August 2010: Pure Appl. Chem.83, 1343-1406 (2011)

This Special Topic issue forms part of the series on green chemistry, and is an outcome of IUPAC Project No. 2008-016-1-300: “Chlorine-free Synthesis for Green Chemistry” previously announced in Chemistry International, May-June, p. 22 (2011).

The IUPAC Subcommittee on Green Chemistry was founded in July 2001 and has selected the following definition for green chemistry [1]: “The invention, design and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances” [2].

Much controversy persists about the appropriate terminology to describe this new field of research. Which term should be selected, “green chemistry” or “sustainable chemistry”? Perhaps consensus can be achieved if different purposes and interests of chemists are reconciled. If we are involved in fundamental research devoted to the discovery of new reaction pathways and reagents, “green” is the best word because it defines these intents, thus the term “green chemistry” would be the best name for this field of research. If we are interested in exploitation of a process or a product that must be profitable, then such chemical manufacture must be sustainable by many criteria (price, competition, profit, environment, etc.), and, accordingly, “sustainable chemistry” is the term that best defines this objective.

This Special Topic issue has been designed with the intent to explore the restriction, or preferably prevention, of the use of halogenated compounds, whenever feasible, through the assembly and reporting of already identified information. This intent has been pursued through innovative synthetic pathways using clearly identified production drivers (e.g., energy consumption, environmental impact, economical feasibility, etc.). In past decades, scientific knowledge and feasible technologies were unavailable, but we now have enough expertise to pursue discontinuation of hazardous and toxic reagents. In fact, the replacement of reagents that are toxic, dangerous, and produced by eco-unfriendly processes is still an underdeveloped area of chemistry today.

Pietro Tundo

Project Co-chair

1. For a short history of green chemistry, see: P. Tundo, F. Aricò. Chem. Int.29(5), (2007).

2. P. Anastas, D. Black, J. Breen, T. Collins, S. Memoli, J. Miyamoto, M. Polyakoff, W. Tumas, P. Tundo. Pure Appl. Chem.72, 1207 (2000).
Preface
Authors: Gibson Colin
Published: March 2014

It is a privilege to act as the conference editor for this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The 11 papers in this issue constitute selected contributions from the 23rd International Congress on Heterocyclic Chemistry, which was held in the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre in Glasgow between 31 July and 4 August 2011. This congress of the International Society of Heterocyclic Chemistry was attended by over 400 participants from over 40 different countries.

The conference papers in this issue arise from plenary (Profs. Magid Abou-Gharbia and David O’Hagan), invited (Profs. Janine Cossy, Keiji Maruoka, Ganesh Pandey, Philippe Renaud, and Vinod Singh), and some selected exciting contributions from younger participants (Dr. David Barker, Prof. Tom Pettus, Dr. Jun Shimokawa, and Dr. Michael Smietana). These contributions reflect the main congress themes:

- Synthetic methodology

- Synthesis

- Natural product and complex molecule synthesis materials

- Medicinal chemistry

- Nanochemistry

- Chemical biology/biosynthesis

- Chemical biology/DNA and nucleoside analogues

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the valuable contributions made to the highly successful conference, especially by the conference chair, Prof. Colin Suckling, the local organizing and scientific advisory committees, and the sponsors of the event: Edward C. and Virginia Taylor, Astra Zeneca, Chemical Sciences Scotland, Eisai, EPSRC, Glasgow City Council, GSK, IUPAC, Pfizer, Scottish Enterprise, Syngenta, and the University of Strathclyde. The professional conference organizers, Meeting Makers, did a sterling service in keeping everything on track and the organizers in check.

Of course, no conference is possible without the willing participation of the contributors to the scientific program, speakers and poster presenters, session chairs as well as the audience. I would also like to thank the contributors to this issue for agreeing to provide manuscripts and for their timely efforts and to the editorial staff for their valuable help.

Colin Gibson

Conference Editor

[Back to Contents]
Preface
Authors: Puskas Judit E.
Published: March 2014

The IUPAC International Symposium on Ionic Polymerization (IP 2011), was held in Akron, Ohio 10-15 July 2011. We welcomed 165 participants from 18 countries. This was a "homecoming"-the symposium series was initiated by Prof. Joseph P. Kennedy in 1976. This biannual event travelled around the globe, and after 35 years it came back to the University of Akron, the global leader in polymer research. The symposium was co-chaired by Judit E. Puskas from the University of Akron and Robson F. Storey from the University of Southern Mississippi. It started with a mini-symposium honoring the honorary chair, Prof. Kennedy, with international leaders as speakers.

The symposium covered a broad range of topics. A unique feature of the symposium was a session devoted to "rising stars" in the field of ionic polymerizations. This volume presents papers based on presentations from that session. We hope to see the rising stars as the next leaders in the field.

Judit E. Puskas

Conference Co-Chair
Filling up the glass: A look atthe historiography of screenwriting
Authors: Stempel Tom
Published: March 2014

This article covers the historiography of screenwriting over the past 60 years, discussing whether there has developed a critical mass of scholars, writers, and publishers in the area. It begins with writings in the fifties, sixties and seventies by such writers as Pauline Kael and Richard Corliss, then spends time with the author’s experiences in writing about the history of screenwriting, and the problems he faced dealing with publishers. From there, the article moves on to the development of books about the history of screenwriting and screenwriters. There is a brief history of the rise, death and revival of Creative Screenwriting, which started as an academic journal and evolved into a magazine. The article notes that non-American academics got into the field earlier and in more depth than the Americans. The reasons American academia avoided the study of screenwriting are discussed, as is the recent growing involvement of American academics in the field.
Marxismo e cconomia política: "o caso Caraça"
Authors: Bastien Carlos
Published: March 2014

Bento de Jesus Caraça (1901-1948) foi um intelectual destacado na cena cultural portuguesa do período entre guerras e do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. A sua obra, baseada numa interpretação heterodoxa das ideias marxistas, repartiu-se pela matemática, pela filosofia da cultura, pela doutrinação política. O objectivo do presente artigo é caracterizar um aspecto do seu pensamento não referido nos estudos antes publicados, a saber, a natureza das suas ideias económicas, a forma como relacionava essas ideias com a visão marxista e a introdução da econometria em Portugal.
From governmental accounting to national accounting: implications on the Portuguese central government deficit
Authors: Jorge de Jesus Maria Antónia , Jorge Susana Margarida
Published: March 2014

Based on the relevant differences between Governmental Accounting (GA/microeconomic perspective) and National Accounting (NA/macroeconomic perspective) this paper examines the main adjustments made in Portugal to the General Government Sector data required to convert Governmental Accounts into National Accounts. It also assesses the impact of those adjustments on the Central Government deficit, the largest share in the Portuguese public deficit.Following mostly a qualitative research methodology, the empirical study is based on interviews to officials preparing NA and on several documental sources. The purpose is to validate the major data adjustments from GA into NA regarding Central Government, while, in addition, assessing their impact using data from April 2008 Excessive Deficit Procedure notification, covering the 2004-2007 period. The main findings indicate that differences concerning the accounting basis are the most relevant and that the subsequent adjustments have a considerable impact on the Portuguese Central Government deficit. This research points therefore to the need for more convergence between GA and NA, namely with respect to the transactions recognition criteria in order to use a common accounting basis, and for a complete and coherent reporting information system in GA.
Mind the gap: education inequality at the regional level in Portugal, 1986-2005
Authors: Fidalgo João Gabriel , Simões Marta , Duarte Adelaide
Published: March 2014

Portugal stands as one of the most unequal countries in terms of income among the developed countries. Over the period 1980-2005, income inequality kept high, fostered mainly by a monotonic increase in earnings inequality. Given the close link between education and earnings, it is of major importance to study the distribution of education. This paper examines the distribution of education at the regional level in Portugal between 1986 and 2005. Our results indicate that education inequality decreased for the whole country as the average education level of the workforce rose, over the sample years. This finding does not apply at the regional level however, with several districts initially poor in terms of education exhibiting an increase in education inequality. The evidence also supports the existence of a Kuznets curve of education: as the average level of education rises, education inequality first increases, and, after reaching a peak at 5.13 years of schooling, starts declining.
Input-output modelling based on total-use rectangular tables: is this a better way?
Authors: Sargento Ana , Ramos Pedro Nogueira , Hewings Geoffrey
Published: March 2014

Input-output tables can be presented in different formats, according to three main criteria: 1) symmetric or rectangular format; 2) total or domestic-use flows and 3) valuation prices (basic prices – bp or purchasers’ prices – pp). Official National Accounts (at least in EU) produce in a regular base a total use rectangular table at pp – also known as the Make and Use (M&U) format – that is different from the lay-out upon which traditional input-output models were developed (domestic use, symmetric, bp). The problem with this latter one is of course that it is only available at times in many countries. The objective of this paper is to prove (under common hypotheses) the equivalence between two alternative procedures, from the point of view of the results of an input-output model: 1) to convert the M&U input-output table into the traditional format – a domestic-use symmetric table at bp – and then implement the model; 2) to perform the direct modelling of the original table (the total-use rectangular table at pp). That equivalence is illustrated with Portuguese data for the year 2002.
Financial constraints and exports: an analysis of Portuguese firms during the European monetary integration
Authors: Silva Filipe , Carreira Carlos
Published: March 2014

Financial constraints are a key determinant that hinders firms' ability to export. This paper analyses the nexus between these constraints and firms' engagement in international trade, as well as it explores the impact of the European monetary integration process upon firms' financial constraints. Therefore, we estimate cash to cash-flow sensitivities for different periods (1996-2000 and 2001-2004) and different groups of firms, according to their exporting and importing activity. Our results indicate that, depending on their international openness, the European monetary integration seems to have generally helped reducing the degree of financial constraints faced by Portuguese firms. Additionally, our findings suggest that rather than unconstrained firms self-selecting into exporting firms' constraints were reduced after they started exporting.
Comment
Authors: Lopes José Silva
Published: March 2014

Comment
Teoria da mente ao longo do desenvolvimento normativo: Da idade escolar até à idade adulta
Authors: Martins Carla , Barreto Ana Luísa , Castiajo Paula
Published: March 2014

A teoria da mente, enquanto marco do desenvolvimento sócio-cognitivo normativo emergente em idade pré-escolar, define-se como a capacidade para compreender e atribuir estados mentais – desejos, cognições, crenças e emoções – a si e aos outros, o que, por seu turno, permite a previsão e interpretação do comportamento dos outros (Astington & Barriault, 2001). Mas como se carateriza a teoria da mente no âmbito do desenvolvimento normativo ao longo do ciclo vital? E como se avalia? O presente artigo pretende responder a ambas as questões através de uma revisão teórica deste constructo no âmbito do desenvolvimento normativo em idade escolar, adolescência e idade adulta e uma síntese das principais metodologias desenvolvidas para a sua avaliação.
Preditores da dependência nicotínica e do comportamento planeado para deixar de fumar
Authors: Afonso Fernanda , Pereira M. Graça
Published: March 2014

Este estudo avaliou os preditores da dependência tabágica e o modo como as representações do tabaco contribuem para as variáveis socio-cognitivas na cessação tabágica. Participaram no estudo 224 fumadores. Os resultados revelaram que ter menos idade, ser do sexo masculino, ter doença respiratória, fumar mais cigarros por dia, ter um parceiro que fuma, menor qualidade de vida mental e mais morbilidade psicológica foram preditores de maior dependência tabágica. Por sua vez, mais idade, menor compreensão, representações emocionais mais ameaçadoras e parceiro não fumar revelaram-se preditores da intenção; menor compreensão, representações cognitivas mais ameaçadora e parceiro não fumar previram as atitudes face ao comportamento deixar de fumar; mais idade, representações emocionais e cognitivas mais ameaçadoras e parceiro não fumar previram as crenças de comportamento em relação a deixar de fumar; representações emocionais mais ameaçadoras e parceiro não fumar previram as normas subjetivas; representações cognitivas menos ameaçadoras e parceiro não fumar previram o controlo comportamental percebido; mais idade, parceiro não fumar e representações emocionais mais ameaçadoras previram as crenças normativas/controlo. As representações emocionais e cognitivas mais ameaçadoras e ser do sexo masculino, foram os preditores do planeamento do coping/ação. Este estudo enfatiza a importância das representações do tabaco nos programas de cessação tabágica.
Literacia Familiar – Crenças de pais de crianças em idade pré-escolar e características das práticas de literacia na família.
Authors: Pacheco Patrícia , Mata Lourdes
Published: March 2014

Na realização deste trabalho tivemos presentes dois grandes objectivos: compreender e caracterizar as crenças dos pais sobre o processo de aprendizagem da linguagem escrita e sobre o seu papel nesse processo; analisar as relações entre os vários tipos de crenças dos pais e também entre estas e as práticas e ambientes de literacia familiar. Para isso trabalhámos com 198 pais de crianças a frequentar o último ano do pré-escolar. Para a recolha de dados utilizámos um questionário que contemplava a caracterização de quatro componentes diferentes: (1) práticas de literacia familiar; (2) crenças sobre a aprendizagem da literacia; (3) crenças sobre o papel dos pais nesta aprendizagem; (4) ambientes de literacia. Os resultados permitiram-nos a identificar diferentes frequências de ocorrência consoante os tipos de actividades: as práticas de Ensino e Treino foram as referidas como mais regulares, seguidas das práticas de Entretenimento e, por último, as do Dia-a-dia. No que se refere às crenças, constatámos que os pais valorizavam bastante o seu papel em várias vertentes (leitura de histórias, práticas contextualizadas e ensino). Uma análise de clusters permitiu a identificação de três grupos de pais, com características distintas quer nas práticas de literacia quer nas suas crenças. Pudemos concluir sobre a não existência de uma associação linear entre crenças e práticas pois, pais em grupos distintos, em alguns aspectos apresentavam concepções semelhantes. Contudo, cada grupo apresentava algumas particularidades que nos permitiram uma compreensão mais aprofundada das relações entre crenças sobre a aprendizagem e de papel e também destas com as práticas de literacia familiar. No que diz respeito às implicações deste estudo, elas são discutidas no âmbito da parceria escola/família e das práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas em contexto de educação pré-escolar.
Estilos parentais e relações de vinculação
Authors: Cardoso Jordana , Veríssimo Manuela
Published: March 2014

A qualidade dos cuidados parentais, no contexto das relações precoces, tem sido apontada como fundamental para o desenvolvimento das crianças. No presente artigo abordamos a tipologia dos estilos educativos parentais proposta por Baumrind, e o impacto dos estilos parentais no desenvolvimento infantil. Seguidamente, são explicitados conceitos como o de relação de vinculação, base-segura e sensibilidade parental, com referência também à investigação que se debruça sobre o impacto das relações de vinculação no desenvolvimento. Finalmente, destacam-se os pontos em comum entre estes dois domínios da parentalidade, os estudos encontrados e uma reflexão sobre o futuro da investigação neste campo
Poetry, Texas: a critical reflection
Authors: Brettle Kyla
Published: March 2014

Poetry, Texas is a lyrical work in which an ensemble of voices, snatches of actuality and compelling narration is woven into a meditation on a fading way of life and beauty within the ordinary. It's a piece in which style and substance figure as enamoured equals engaged in a delightful dance. Malinovski's journey into the heart of the Texan town of Poetry is the central narrative frame of this work. An ensemble cast of fourteen characters including a cowboy called Rooster, Don Strictland, the undeclared mayor of Poetry, schoolchildren, various religious leaders and the local historian gives voice to the community. The sonic frame of Poetry, Texas articulates two distinct aural planes that both extend and enhance the thematic dynamic he develops between the literal and literary meaning of 'poetry’.
Malinovski’s physical journey and the town community are both represented by earthy unrehearsed location recordings. The recordings position the listener as an observer rather than the one spoken to. The material feels experiential and ‘of the moment’; it is steeped in a diegetic sense of a lived environment and continuous timeframe. In contrast, Malinovski’s narration is controlled, scripted and recorded in a dead room with a warm, close microphone. A strong reliance on this form of authorial first-person narration can easily become heavy-handed and narratively swamp and overpower other voices and sounds. Of course the mitigating quality here is the poetic inclination of Malinovski's narration – the degree to which his thoughts, ideas and arguments provide a permeable and playful series of observations, connections and resonant sound-word ideas for listeners to engage with. Like a flip card with a picture of a bird on one side and a cage on the other that is animated through movement, Malinovski manages to capture and express something about Poetry that is intangible, provocative, playful and beautiful with a delightfully light touch.
Kyla Brettle is Lecturer in the Media Program at RMIT University, Melbourne and an independent radio documentary maker. Her work explores the theory and practice of observational radio and the rich affordances of audio in non-fiction storytelling. Her features have been broadcast internationally and she has won Best New Artist at the Third Coast International Audio Festival. She is completing a PhD examining online and participatory audio documentary production. Poetry, Texas received a special commendation from the judges of the Prix Europa 2012.
Consumer Click Behavior at a Search Engine: The Role of Keyword Popularity
Authors: Jerath Kinshuk , Ma Liye , Park Young-Hoon
Published: March 2014

The authors study consumers’ click behavior on organic and sponsored links after a keyword search on an Internet search engine. Using a data set of individual-level click activity after keyword searches from a leading search engine in Korea, the authors find that consumers’ click activity after a keyword search is low and heavily concentrated on the organic list. However, searches of less popular keywords (i.e., keywords with lower search volume) are associated with more clicks per search and a larger fraction of sponsored clicks. This indicates that, compared with more popular keywords, consumers who search for less popular keywords expend more effort in their search for information and are closer to a purchase, which makes them more targetable for sponsored search advertising.
Insulinoma in childhood: clinical, radiological, molecular and histological aspects of nine patients
Authors: Padidela Raja , Fiest Miriam , Arya Ved , Smith Virpi V , Ashworth Michael , Rampling Dyanne , Newbould Melanie , Batra Gauri , James Jacqueline , Wright Neville B , Dunne Mark J , Clayton Peter E , Banerjee Indraneel , Hussain Khalid
Published: March 2014

Background

Insulinomas are a rare cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) in children. The clinical features, investigations, management and histology of these rare pancreatic tumours in children have not been described in a large cohort of patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2012, presenting to two referral centres in the United Kingdom. Clinical, biochemical, imaging (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 6-l-18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) PET/CT scanning) and histological data were collected.

Results

Nine children (age range 2–14.5 years) were diagnosed during the study period at Great Ormond Street Hospital (n=5) and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (n=4). The combination of abdominal MRI scan (7/8) and18F-DOPA PET/CT scan (2/4) correctly localised the anatomical location of all insulinomas. Before surgery, diazoxide therapy was used to treat hypoglycaemia, but only four patients responded. After surgical resection of the insulinoma, hypoglycaemia resolved in all patients. The anatomical localisation of the insulinoma in each patient was head (n=4), uncinate process (n=4) and tail (n=2, one second lesion) of the pancreas. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of insulinoma with the presence of sheets and trabeculae of epithelioid and spindle cells staining strongly for insulin and proinsulin, but not for glucagon or somatostatin. Two children were positive forMEN1, one of whom had two separate insulinoma lesions within the pancreas.

Conclusions

We describe a cohort of paediatric insulinoma patients. Although rare, insulinomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of HH, even in very young children. In the absence of a single imaging modality in the preoperative period, localisation of the tumour is achieved by combining imaging techniques, both conventional and functional.