bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kamu Yararına Çalışan Derneklerin Vizyon ve Misyon Bildirgelerinin İzlenim Yönetimi Stratejileri Kapsamında İncelenmesi (Examination of the Vision and Mission Statements of the Public Benefit Associaitions within the Context of Impression Management Strategies)
Authors: Uzun Hülya
Published: September 2022

Amaç -Bu araştırmanın amacı, kamu yararına çalışan derneklerin, izlenim yönetim stratejilerini vizyon ve misyon bildirgelerine ne derece yansıttığının belirlenmesidir. Yöntem-Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılarak çalışmada tümdengelim yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren sivil toplum kuruluşları (STK), örneklemini ise Türkiye’de bir STK olarak faaliyette bulunan kamu yararına çalışan dernekler oluşturmaktadır. Kamu yararına çalışan dernekler ile ilgili veriler, T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Sivil Toplumla İlişkiler Genel Müdürlüğü web sitesinden elde edilmiştir. 25.08.2021 tarihinde elde edilen verilere göre kamu yararına çalışan dernek sayısı toplam olarak 364’tür. Web sitesi bulunmayan, vizyon ve misyon bildirgelerine web sitesinde yer vermeyen dernekler araştırma kapsamı dışında bırakılmıştır. Bulgular -Araştırma sonucunda, incelenen derneklerden %27’sinde(62 dernek) vizyon, %28’inde (66 dernek) ise misyon bildirgelerine yer verildiği belirlenmiştir. Bildirgelerde kullanılan ifadelerin kullanılma sıklıklarına göre değerlendirildiğinde, vizyon bildirgesi için “liderlik” kategorisi, misyon bildirgesi için ise “üyelerine ve toplumda ihtiyaç sahiplerine destek sağlamak” kategorisinde toplanan sıklıkla kullanılan ifadelerin sayısı diğer kategorilere göre önde gelmektedir. En belirgin izlenim yönetimi stratejisinin; vizyon bildirgelerine göre “örnek davranışlar sergileme”, misyon bildirgelerine göre ise “kendini sevdirme” stratejisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Derneklerden %59,26’sı (32 dernek) vizyon bildirgelerinde “açıklayıcı”, misyon bildirilerinde ise %63,79’u (37 dernek) “kanıtlayıcı” izlenim yönetimi stratejisini kullandığı tespit edilmiştir.Tartışma -Araştırma sonucu, literatürü destekler niteliktedir. Vizyon bildirgelerine göre “örnek davranışlar sergileme” stratejisi, en belirgin stratejidir. Bunun sebebi, kamu yararına çalışan derneklerin topluma hizmet etme, topluma yararlı faaliyetlerde bulunma amacıyla kurulmuş olması olabilir. Misyon bildirgelerine göre “kendini sevdirme” stratejisi, en belirgin stratejidir. Bunun sebebi ise kamu yararına çalışan derneklerin üyelerinin, kendilerini takip eden ve işbirliğinde bulunacakları kişi ve/veya kurumların sayısının artmasını sağlamak için topluma karşı sempatik davranışları olabilir.
Kalite Yönetim Sistemi Kavramının Bibliyometrik Analizi (Bibliometric Analysis of the Quality Management System Consept)
Authors: Bütüner Okan
Published: September 2022

Amaç –Kalite yönetim sistemi üzerine ele alınan bilimsel yayınların araştırma eğilimlerini incelemektir. Bu nedenle, çalışma kalite yönetim sistemlerinin güncel konularını anlamak ve araştırmaların değişim yönünü incelemek için önemli bir kaynak niteliğindedir.Yöntem–Scopus veri tabanında 1984-2020 yılları arasında yayımlanan İngilizce dilindeki çalışmaların R programı kullanılarak bibliyometrik analizi yapılmıştır. Bibliyometrik analiz sırasında R programının web ara yüzü olan Biblioshiny kullanılmıştır. Yayınlar sınıflandırılarak yıllarına göre eğilimleri incelenmiş; ülkelerine, yayınlandığı dergilerine, atıf sayılarına ve yazarlarına göre incelenmiştir.Bulgular–Alanın temel dergisi “Total Quality Management and Business Excellence”dır. Alanın en fazla referans alınan çalışma ise Terziovski, Samson ve Dow’un “The Business Value of Quality Management Systems Certification Evidence from Australia and New Zealand” isimli çalışmasıdır. Ülkeler arasındaki etkileşim ve ülkelerin yayınları incelendiğinde ise kalite yönetim alanın öncü ülkesinin A.B.D. olduğu söylenebilir. Tartışma–Özellikle 2016’dan sonra kalite yönetim sistemleri üzerine yapılan çalışmaların çoğunluğu yönetim üzerine olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ayrıca kültür, süreç ve kalite yönetim sisteminin etkileri üzerine de çalışmalar güncelliğini korumaktadır denilebilir.
A review of pain outcomes following targeted muscle reinnervation in lower extremity limb pain
Authors: Le Elliot L. H. , Greyson Mark A. , Constantine Ryan S. , Iorio Matthew L.
Published: September 2022

Approximately 75% experience phantom (PLP), residual (RLP), or general (GLP) limb pain following lower extremity amputation. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a peripheral nerve transfer that reroutes amputated nerves to motor endplates that can prevent or treat limb pain. This systematic review summarizes pain outcomes following primary and secondary treatment of lower extremity PLP, RLP, and GLP. Primary literature review of three databases - PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE - were used for all articles related to TMR and lower extremity limb pain, querying the same keywords: “targeted muscle reinnervation” AND “pain”. Citations were then reviewed and eliminated if only upper extremities were studied or the study lacked pain outcomes. Citations were categorized as primary or secondary TMR. Pain outcomes, including Numerical Rating Scales (NRS) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain scores, were aggregated when appropriate. Ten studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria after formal review for a total of 431 extremities, of which 79.1% (n = 341 limbs) were lower extremities. Average primary TMR PROMIS scores for PLP and RLP were lower than amputees without primary TMR. Average NRS scores and PROMIS Pain scores in secondary TMR demonstrated improvements in PLP, RLP, and GLP. Primary and Secondary TMR does prevent and improve PLP, RLP, and GLP; however, a minority of studies report quantifiable pain outcomes. All future TMR studies should include validated pain outcomes to better quantify the expected pain and quality of life improvements after lower extremity TMR.
Peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Yonemura Yutaka , Ishibashi Haruaki , Mizumoto Akiyoshi , Fujita Takuji , Liu Yang , Wakama Satoshi , Sako Syouzou , Takao Nobuyuki , Kitai Toshiyuki , Katayama Kanji , Kamada Yasuyuki , Taniguchi Keizou , Fujimoto Daisuke
Published: September 2022

This review provides an overview of articles about peritoneal mesothelioma (PM) to analyze the effect of treatment modalities on response rates, post-treatment side effects, morbidity and mortality, and survival. Median survival in months following systemic chemotherapy (SC) ranged from 8.7 to 26.8 months. However, no patient was reported to have survived for more than five years with SC alone. In contrast, comprehensive treatment that included cytoreductive surgery (CRS) + perioperative chemotherapy (POC) showed a significantly longer median survival time than SC alone. Additionally, CRS + POC demonstrated 10-year survival rates of 12%-35%. Accordingly, CRS + POC is an innovative treatment that provides long-term survival in selected patients with PM. Selection criteria are performance status (ECOG PS ≤ 1), the absence of extraperitoneal metastasis, PCI less than cutoff levels (from < 10 to < 28), MIB-1 index (< 10), and histologic type (epithelioid type). Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates after CRS + POC were significantly higher than with more conventional operations. Accordingly, CRS and POC should be done at the specialized peritoneal surface malignancy centers.
Arresting type 1 diabetes: are we there yet? Obstacles and opportunities
Authors: Mathieu Chantal , Martens Pieter-Jan
Published: September 2022

More than 100 years after the discovery of insulin, the exact etiology and pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains elusive, but our knowledge is growing. This leads to louder calls to initiate a risk screening for T1D in the general population. This risk screening could be based on the genetic risk (in the general population or targeted HLA genotyping in family members of persons with T1D) or on the screening for autoantibodies in blood (e.g., antibodies against insulin, GAD, IA2, or ZnT8). The presence of autoantibodies is known to convey a clearly increased risk of progressing to T1D, particularly when two or more antibody types are present. It remains a point of discussion whether screening efforts are cost-effective. At present, in the absence of interventions capable of delaying the onset of disease, the only benefit of screening is the earlier diagnosis of T1D, thus avoiding life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Nevertheless, large consortia (e.g., INNODIA and TrialNet) are currently focusing on not only disease biomarkers but also biomarkers of therapeutic effect of interventions. All hope is thus focused on the arrival of intervention strategies that could arrest the ongoing immune destruction of the beta cell and thus delay clinical disease onset. Thus far, attempts have focused on either protecting the beta cell or arresting the immune response, but the future seems to be one of combination therapy. Here, we perform a scoping review on the pathogenesis of T1D, discuss screening strategies, and present promising intervention strategies.
Effects of financial statement and macroeconomic factors on risk measures of banks in India
Authors: Banerjee Gaurango , Gupta Abhimanyu , Das Abhiman
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to analyse the effects of financial statement indicators and off-balance sheet items affecting risk measures among Indian banks employing both panel data regression and a non-parametric decision tree approach. We explore the effects of bank size, leverage, exposure to contingent liabilities including off-balance sheet derivatives usage and macroeconomic factors on risk measures for banks. In this paper, it is also aimed to examine the effects of the major financial liberalization policy period in the domestic market in India that started in the mid-1990s and ended around 2004 as well as impacts of the 2008 global financial crisis on the risk measures of banks operating in India.  As risk measures, we present a comparative analysis of liquidity, solvency, and interest rate risk measures of Indian banks across public (government) and private ownership categories. Main findings from our study demonstrate (i) significant impact of capital adequacy and the bank size on all the risk measures, (ii) contingent liabilities (including derivatives usage) at banks is observed to significantly impact the asset management measure of liquidity risk and the solvency risk of banks, (iii) GDP growth is observed to impact the asset management and liability management measure of liquidity risk, (iv) the global financial crisis is found to have a significant impact on the liquidity risk measures and interest rate risk, but a weak effect on solvency risk of Indian banks, (v) bank ownership category (government owned versus private sector banks) is observed to have a significant impact on all the risk measures, and finally (vi) financial liberalization reforms had a highly significant effect on the liquidity risk at banks.
Mechanical behavior investigation of rubberized concrete barriers in impact load
Authors: Şengel Hasan Selim , Özgören Ahmet Şahin , Erol Hakan , Canbaz Mehmet
Published: September 2022

Approximately 1.5 million waste tires are produced annually. Waste tires in landfills and stocks cause toxic chemicals to pollute the soil and cause major fires. Waste tires are a global environmental problem. This problem gave an idea of recycling of waste tires instead of landfills and stocks. In this paper, an experimental study is conducted to review the behavior under impact load of rubberized concrete with conventional concrete. Three different mixes were made by adding crumb rubber (0%, 5% and 10%) by volume to the concrete. Nine cantilever column specimens of three type cross section (10x10, 15x15 and 20x20 cm2) were used to investigate the behavior under impact load. The specimens with higher rubberized concrete have longer impact load duration at the initial peak point. Specimens with rubber content become much flexible than normal specimens. Furthermore, the damage level of columns is greater with increasing rubber content. Therefore, the specimens with higher rubberized concrete absorb more impact energy. The barriers with higher rubber content minimize injury and demise when an accidental impact happens. Using concrete with rubber content reduces costs and produces an environmentally sustainable solution.
Effect of waste concrete powder on slag-based sustainable geopolymer composite mortars
Authors: Alakara Erdinç Halis , Sevim Özer , Demir İlhami , Günel Gazi
Published: September 2022

In this study, the effect of waste concrete powder (WCP) on slag-based geopolymer composite mortars was investigated. Blast furnace slag (BFS) and WCP were used as binders in geopolymer mortars. WCP was substituted into the geopolymer mortar composites at rates of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of slag. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was used as the alkali activator in the mixtures and the solution activator concentration was chosen as 16 molars (M). After the prepared mortars were cured at 100°C for 24 hours, they were subjected to flexural strength (ffs), compressive strength (fcs), and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests. When the obtained results were examined, it was observed that ffs, fcs, and UPV results decreased with the increase in WCP replacement ratio. These decrements were seen clearly, especially after the 20% replacement ratio. However, despite these decrements, the compressive strengths of all groups were found to be above 50 MPa. In addition, it is thought that environmental pollution can be reduced by using WCP in geopolymer composite mortars.
Los faros agroecológicos: una metodología para el escalamiento de la agroecología en América Latina
Authors: Vivas García Julian Augusto , Monroy Isaza Sergio , Guevara Castañeda Diego Alejando
Published: September 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo plantear reflexiones metodológicas sobre la conformación de faros agroecológicos como una vía para el desarrollo rural de base agroecológica. Para esto se basa en la descripción y análisis de una experiencia particular de conformación de faros agroecológicos en la Provincia de Oriente, en el departamento de Cundinamarca (Colombia). Se argumenta que la principal fortaleza de esta estrategia consiste principalmente en el potencial articulador de diferentes actores locales. A su vez, se considera que tal articulación constituye un elemento fundamental en el actual proceso de escalamiento de la agroecología en América Latina. Se concluye que la comunicación popular es un elemento central, articulador de la red y agenciador de transformaciones en el sistema agroalimentario local o regional. En este proceso las diferentes experiencias articuladas en la red tienen la posibilidad de complementar y/o reforzar sus características en relación con las del territorio a través de la definición de objetivos y prioridades comunes, así como de la dinamización permanente de los lazos que articulan la red.
Classification of wintertime daily atmospheric circulation patterns over Brazil
Authors: Escobar Gustavo Carlos Juan
Published: September 2022

This study presents a synoptic classification at surface and at 500 hPa during the winter (June, July, and August) over Brazil, in order to identify the main synoptic-scale meteorological systems that influence the weather of this period. Through the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) for the 1979-2020 period, it was identified five main synoptic patterns that predominated during the winter which are practically the same for each of the three analyzed months. The most frequent synoptic pattern is associated with the climatological mean-field (CMF), represented by the two of the most characteristic systems of low-level atmospheric circulation in South America: The South Atlantic Subtropical High (SASH) and the North-Western Argentinean Low (NAL). There are two other synoptic patterns related to a classical cold front over the Southern (CF_SUL) and Southeastern (CF_SE) regions of Brazil, respectively. Finally, two other synoptic patterns are associated with a blocking anticyclone (BAn) and a cyclogenetic (CG) process over the Atlantic Ocean, respectively. Both of them correspond to the most frequent synoptic pattern related to cold waves and "Friagens" over Brazil.
Influence of the Angle of Seismic Incidence of Long-Period Pulse-like Ground Motion on an Irregular Base-Isolated Building
Authors: Fujii Kenji
Published: September 2022

In general, isolators and dampers used in seismically isolated buildings are designed to be isotropic in any horizontal direction. However, in the case of buildings with plan irregularities, their nonlinear responses depend on the direction of seismic loading. To discuss the influence of the angle of seismic incidence (ASI) on the nonlinear response of irregular building structures, it is important to define the angle of the critical axis of the horizontal ground motion. One possible choice is the “principal axis of ground motion” proposed by Arias (1970). However, because this principal axis is independent of the natural period of a structure, it could be complicated to use for seismically isolated structures with long natural periods. In this study, the influence of the ASI of long-period pulse-like seismic input on an irregular base-isolated building is investigated. First, the angle of the principal axis of ground motion is defined in terms of the cumulative energy input. Then, a nonlinear time-history analysis of a five-story irregular base-isolated building is performed using 10 long-period pulse-like ground motion records considering various ASIs. The results show that, compared with the principal axis of ground motion proposed by Arias, defining the principal axis of ground motion in terms of the cumulative energy input is more suitable for discussions concerning the influence of the ASI on the response of an irregular base-isolated building.
Investigation of Changes in Spermatozoa Characteristics, Chromatin Structure, and Antioxidant/Oxidant Parameters after Freeze-Thawing of Hesperidin (Vitamin P) Doses Added to Ram Semen
Authors: Yeni Deniz , Güngör Şükrü , Avdatek Fatih , Gülhan Mehmet Fuat , Olğaç Kemal Tuna , ̇İnanç Muhammed Enes , Denk Barış , Taşdemir Umut
Published: September 2022

We conducted this study to determine the potential cryopreservative effects of different hesperidin (vitamin P; HSP) doses on ram semen after freeze-thawing. Semen samples were obtained from Sönmez rams by an artificial vagina. The samples were divided into six groups: control, 10, 50, 100, 250, and 500 µg/mL HSP (C, HSP10, HSP50, HSP100, HSP250, and HSP500, respectively). At the end of the study, sperm motility and kinetic parameters, plasma membrane acrosome integrity (PMAI), high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP), viability, lipid peroxidation levels (LPL), chromatin damage, oxidant parameters, and antioxidant parameters were assayed. None of the doses of HSP added to the semen extender showed any enhancing effect on progressive motility compared to C (p>0.05). In fact, HSP500 had negative effects (p<0.05). Moreover, PMI activities were the highest at the HSP10 dose, while LPL values were the lowest (p<0.05). The doses of HSP10 and HSP50 added to the Tris extender medium showed positive effects on spermatozoon chromatin damage. Consequently, we can say that HSP doses used in this study are not effective on semen progressive motility, but the HSP10 dose is effective on PMAI and chromatin damage by reducing LPL.
Reciprocity and Representations for Wave Fields in 3D Inhomogeneous Parity-Time Symmetric Materials
Authors: Wapenaar Kees , Slob Evert
Published: September 2022

Inspired by recent developments in wave propagation and scattering experiments with parity-time (PT) symmetric materials, we discuss reciprocity and representation theorems for 3D inhomogeneous PT-symmetric materials and indicate some applications. We start with a unified matrix-vector wave equation which accounts for acoustic, quantum-mechanical, electromagnetic, elastodynamic, poroelastodynamic, piezoelectric and seismoelectric waves. Based on the symmetry properties of the operator matrix in this equation, we derive unified reciprocity theorems for wave fields in 3D arbitrary inhomogeneous media and 3D inhomogeneous media with PT-symmetry. These theorems form the basis for deriving unified wave field representations and relations between reflection and transmission responses in such media. Among the potential applications are interferometric Green’s matrix retrieval and Marchenko-type Green’s matrix retrieval in PT-symmetric materials.
Nanoscale Printing of Indium-Tin-Oxide by Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Hu Jingwen , Li Zhen-Ze , Zhao Yang-Yang , Xu Yi-Shi , Wang Lin , Han Molong , Hyde Lachlan , Ng Soon Hock , Wang Lei , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: September 2022

Deposition/printing of materials with sub-1 μm precision and size (cross sections) is required for optical and electrical micro-devices. Crystalline c-ITO (Indium tin oxide) nanostructures were patterned on glass with a precision that formed gaps of 20-50 nm between individual disks or lines of ∼ 250 nm diameter or width. The absorbed energy density [J/cm3] followed the second order dependence on pulse energy. This facilitated high resolution and precision for nanoscale laser writing at the 515 nm laser wavelength. Patterns for optical elements such as circular gratings and micro-disks were laser printed using ITO as a resist. Unexposed amorphous a-ITO was chemically removed in aqueous 1% vol. HF solution. This use of a-ITO as solid-resist is promising for metamaterial and micro-optical applications.
Numerical Study of the Electromagnetic Field Distribution in Pulsed Power Plasma Stimulation Technique - Potential Feasibility of Underground Detective and Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Xiao Yue , House Waylon , Soliman Mohamed Y. , Ibraguimov Akif
Published: September 2022

The scope of this work was part of our previous research on Pulsed Power Plasma Stimulation Technique. Electromagnetic fields generated during a pulsed power plasma discharge were simulated using a finite element method in the COMSOL RF module. The field distributions were calculated during and after the pulse. The current paper takes advantage of prior work measuring and modeling the current distribution in the plasma arc. Agreement with laboratory experimental measurements provides support for extension of the model to reservoir scale. The validated model was used to quantify the signal attenuation level in different medium environment.
Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use on Cardiovascular Disease-related Inflammatory Biomarkers in Smokers with HIV in a Switching Study in the United States
Authors: Cioe Patricia A. , Lechner William V. , Tidey Jennifer W. , Kahler Christopher W.
Published: September 2022

People with HIV (PWH) experience higher rates of cardiovascular events (CVEs) compared with the general population. A substantial body of evidence supports that select biomarkers of inflammation (soluble CD14 [sCD14], soluble CD163 [sCD163], highly sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6]), and coagulation (D-dimer) are elevated in PWH and related to increased rates of CVEs. Our previous work showed that smoking compared with nonsmoking was associated with significantly elevated sCD14, a biomarker of monocyte activation. We aimed to explore the effect of electronic cigarette (EC) provision on inflammatory biomarkers in PWH who smoked daily and then switched to an EC. Nineteen PWH were enrolled in a pilot study in which an EC and e-liquid were provided weekly or 8 weeks. Blood specimens for inflammatory biomarker analysis were obtained at baseline (BL) and at week 8. Biomarker levels were high at BL and did not differ significantly at week 8. There were small nonsignificant reductions in sCD163 and CRP levels. Non-significant increases in IL-6, D-dimer and sCD14 levels were also noted. Use of ECs for 8 weeks does not appear to significantly increase or decrease inflammatory biomarker levels in SWH. Further research with larger samples and a control group is needed.
CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Insect Pest Stress Management in Crop Plants
Authors: Moon TasfiaTasnim , Maliha Ishrat Jahan , Khan Abdullah Al Moin , Chakraborty Moutoshi , Uddin Md Sharaf , Amin Md Ruhul , Islam Tofazzal
Published: September 2022

Global crop yield and food security are being threatened by phytophagous insects. Innovative methods are required to increase agricultural output while reducing reliance on hazardous synthetic insecticides. It appears to be quite effective at reducing production costs and boosting farm profitability to use the ground-breaking CRISPR-Cas technology to create plants that are insect resistant. In contrast, this new technique can modify an insect's genome to either produce gene drive or get beyond an insect's tolerance to various insecticides. This paper reviews and critically discusses the use of CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology in long-term insect pest management. The emphasis of this review is on the prospective uses of the CRISPR-Cas system for insect stress management in crop production by creating genome-edited crops and insects. The potential and difficulties of using CRISPR-Cas technology to reduce pest stress in crop plants are critically examined and discussed.
Bridging the Gap between Mechanistic Biological Models and Machine Learning Surrogates
Authors: Gherman Ioana M. , Marucci Lucia , Abdallah Zahraa , Grierson Claire , Gorochowski Thomas , Pang Wei
Published: September 2022

Mechanistic models have been used for centuries to describe complex interconnected processes, including biological ones. As the scope of these models has widened, so have their computational demands. This complexity can limit their suitability when running many simulations or when real-time results are required. Surrogate machine learning models can be used to approximate the behaviour of complex mechanistic models, and once built, their computational demands are several orders of magnitude lower. This paper provides an overview of the relevant literature, both from an applicability and a theoretical perspective. For the latter, the paper focuses on the design and training of the underlying machine learning models. Application-wise, we show how machine learning surrogates have been used to approximate different mechanistic models. We present a perspective on how these approaches can be applied to models representing biological processes with potential industrial applications (e.g., metabolism and whole-cell modelling) and show why surrogate machine learning models may hold the key to making the simulation of complex biological models possible using a typical desktop computer.
Structural Insights into Common and Host-Specific Transmission Mechanisms in Algal Picorna-Like Viruses
Authors: Wang Han , Munke Anna , Li Siqi , Tomaru Yuji , Okamoto Kenta
Published: September 2022

Marnaviridae viruses are abundant algal viruses that regulate the dynamics of algal blooms in aquatic environments. They employ a narrow host range because they merely lyse their own algal host species. This host-specific lysis is thought to correspond to the unique transmission mechanism of the Marnaviridae viruses. Here, we present the atomic structures of the full and empty capsids of Chaetoceros socialis forma radians RNA virus 1 built in 3.0 Å and 3.1 Å cryo-electron microscopy maps. The empty capsid structure and the structural variability provide insights on its assembly and uncoating intermediates. In conjunction with the previously reported atomic model of the Chaetoceros tenuissimus RNA virus type II capsid, we have identified the common and diverse structural features of the VP1 surface between the Marnaviridae viruses. We have also tested the potential usage of AlphaFold2 for structural prediction of the VP1s and a subsequent structural phylogeny for classifying Marnaviridae viruses by their hosts. These findings will be crucial for inferring the host-specific transmission mechanism in Marnaviridae viruses, which is decisive for monitoring and possibly regulating the occurrence and disappearance of algae blooms.
Advancement of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys in the Role of Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Sharma Sachin Kumar , Grewal Harpreet Singh , Saxena Kuldeep Kumar , Mohammed Kahtan A. , Prakash Chander , Davim J.P. , Buddhi Dharam , Raju Ramesh , G. Mohan Dhanesh , Tomków Jacek
Published: September 2022

Magnesium and Aluminum alloys continue to be important in the context of modern and lightweight technologies. With the advancement of additive manufacturing (AM), components can be produced directly in a net shape, widen up the usage of magnesium and aluminum alloys as well as holding new ideas for the application of unique physical structures made feasible by 3D printing. Laser-based approach, one of the metal additive manufacturing (AM) methods, enables the formation of arbitrary 3D structures. With promising findings, research in this area is advancing quickly, bringing up a variety of potential applications in both the scientific and industrial sectors. Complex structures can now be manufactured easily utilizing AM technologies to meet the pre-requisite objectives like reduced part numbers, greater functionality, and lightweight, among others. AM has the ability to meet demands by lowering costs and speeding up the manufacturing process. Due to their popularity in numerous high-value applications, aluminum, and magnesium alloys are one of the key material systems being researched in the laser-based additive manufacturing approaches. The review here aims to comprehensively examine the additive manufacturing of magnesium and aluminum alloys, highlighting the influence of the laser-based additive manufacturing approach on the mechanical characteristics, microstructure, and tribological performance of magnesium and aluminum alloys.
Machine Learning for Aiding Blood Flow Velocity Estimation Based on Angiography
Authors: Padhee Swati , Johnson Mark , Yi Hang , Yang Zifeng , Banerjee Tanvi
Published: September 2022

Detailed flow distributions in vascular systems are the key to identifying hemodynamic risk factors for the development and progression of vascular diseases. Although computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely used in bioengineering research on hemodynamics predictions, not only are high-fidelity CFD simulations time-consuming and computing-expensive, but also not friendly to clinical applications due to the difficulty of comprehensive numerical calculations. Machine learning (ML) algorithums to estimate the flow field in vascular systems based on the angiographic images of the blood flow using existed diagnostic tools are emerging as a new pathway to facilitate the mapping of hemodynamics. In present work, the dye injection in a water flow was simulated as an analogy of the contrast perfusion in blood flow using CFD. In the simulation, the light passes through the flow field and generates projective images, as an analogy of X-ray imaging. The simulations provide both the ground truth velocity field and the projective images of the flow with dye patterns. A rough velocity field was estimated using the optical flow method (OFM) based on projective images. ML algorithums are then trained using the ground truth CFD data and the OFM velocity estimation as the input. Finally, the interpretable (logistic regression) and deep (neural networks, convolutional neural networks, long short term memory) machine learning models are validated by using parallel in vitro experiments on the same flow setup. The validation results showed that the employed ML model significantly reduced the error rate from 53.5% to 2.5% in average for the v-velocity estimation.
A Meta Analysis of Inductive Learning-Based Modules to Improve Critical Thinking Skills in Science
Authors: Nugroho Anwari Adi , Wati Widya , Ramli Murni
Published: September 2022

Critical thinking skills in science learning can be improved by learning accompanied by learning model-based modules. Inductive learning is one of the lessons that can be integrated with the module as an alternative to empower critical thinking skills. This meta-analysis research aims to determine the effectiveness of learning with inductive learning-based modules to improve critical thinking skills, especially in the fields of science (biology, physics, and chemistry). This type of research was survey research and descriptive. Data were collected online and obtained 13 articles in the fields of biology, physics, and chemistry from 2014-2019 published in Indonesia and outside Indonesia. The calculation results show that the average effect size (ES) was 2.1 with the high category. These results indicate that science learning with inductive learning-based modules provides high effectiveness in improving critical thinking skills. Based on the relationship between variables, it was known that the variable in the field of study gives the greatest ES results (ES = 4.3) in the field of physics, while the variable for education level gives the largest ES result (ES = 2.14) at the high school level.
Strengthening Reflective Thinking Ability of Junior High School Students Using Weblog Media
Authors: Rahmadianti Putri , Suryawati Evi , Natalina. L Mariani , Feniwati Feniwati
Published: September 2022

This research aims to develop weblog media about environmental contamination material to determine the reflective thinking skills of junior high school students. The development of a weblog as a learning medium used the ADDIE model. In this research up to the development phase. The weblog design has gone through the validation phase. The validation was performed by 4 validators using a validation sheet. Student responses were collected using a questionnaire and reflective thinking skills using a multiple-choice test. The developed weblog has been tested on 20 students of 8th grade. The results showed that the use of blogging media positively impacted students' reflective thinking skills, given the increase in mean pre-test and post-test scores from a score of 69.5 to 82. The increase in reflective thinking skills was seen in of the three indicators of reflective thinking, namely reacting from 79% to 81,5% in the high category, elaborating from 50% in the low category to 75% in the high category, and contemplating from 67% in normal category to 78,4% in the high category. The use of blogging media to reinforce thinking skills is also supported by the results of student responses with an average result of 92,8% for aspects of reflective thinking
Contributions of E-Defense Shaking Table to Earthquake Engineering and its Future
Authors: Horiuchi Toshihiko , Ohsaki Makoto , Kurata Masahiro , Ramirez Julio A. , Yamashita Takuzo , Kajiwara Koichi ,   Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Division, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience 1501-21 Nishikameya, Mitsuda, Shijimicho, Miki, Hyogo 673-0515, Japan,   Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,   Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,   Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA,   Network Coordination Office, Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure, West Lafayette, USA
Published: September 2022

A shaking table is an experimental facility consisting of a table that loads a structural specimen and actuators that produce acceleration of the table to simulate seismic motions. This is a powerful tool in earthquake engineering because it permits direct observation of the seismic responses of structures under controlled conditions. The 3-D Full-Scale Earthquake Testing Facility, known by its nickname as “E-Defense,” is the largest facility of its kind in terms of table size and operated by National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED). Since its start of operations in 2005, E-Defense has been contributing to earthquake engineering through as many as 113 experimental projects successfully completed as of fiscal year 2020. To elucidate its future operations as well as to provide other similar facilities with useful knowledge, this paper reviews the E-Defense experiences of operations and research conducted, shares the lessons learned from the experiences, and proposes the future challenges for continued contributions to earthquake engineering, by covering: the history of E-Defense facility operations and its challenges; the contributions of E-Defense to numerical simulation, another important area in earthquake engineering complementing experiment; publications of experimental data and metadata from E-Defense experiments; and international collaborations in experimental research projects.
Eruptive Volume and Age of Large-Scale Pumice Eruptions of the Asama-Maekake Volcano, Central Japan, as Revealed by Detailed Trench Surveys: Implications for Future Volcanic Hazards
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Yasui Maya , Kanamaru Tatsuo , Nakagawa Mitsuhiro ,   Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan,   Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan,   Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Published: September 2022

The eruptive volumes and ages of the large-scale pumice eruptions of the Asama-Maekake volcano were obtained from extensive trench-based surveys. The calibrated radiocarbon age unit (CRAU) was adopted instead of each calibrated radiocarbon age. From the high-resolution tephro-stratigraphy of large-scale pumice eruptions and CRAU dating, the eruptive history of the Asama-Maekake volcano is divided into three active and two moderately active stages as follows: active stage I (9430 to 7260 ycalBP), moderately active stage 1 (7261 to 6446 ycalBP), active stage II (6447 to 3160 ycalBP), moderately active stage 2 (3161 to 1819 ycalBP), and active stage III (1820 ycalBP to present). The eruptions of the Asama-Maekake volcano consists of small-scale (phreatic to phreato-magmatic), intermediate-scale (Vulcanian), and large-scale pumice eruptions (sub-Plinian). The active stages were characterized by the occurrence of large-scale pumice eruptions. In the moderately active stages, pumice producing eruptions were lacking but instead Vulcanian eruptions dominated. A step diagram showing the relationship between eruption volumes (DRE) and ages (CRAU) is proposed, which indicates that active stage III is not time-predictable but is volume-predictable; if the large-scale pumice eruption occurs in 2022 AD, the forecasted eruptive volume is approximately 0.21 km3. The eruption rate is not constant and changes in each stage, and the average eruption rate of active stage III (0.0011 km3/year) is larger than those of active stage I (0.00006 km3/year) and II (0.0001 km3/year).
Bifactor and Bifactor S-1 Model Estimations with Non-Reverse-Coded Data
Authors: BARİS PEKMEZCİ Fulya
Published: September 2022

The bifactor model is an extension of Spearman’s two-factor theory. The bifactor model has a strict assumption, which is named orthogonality. The bifactor S-1 model was developed by stretching the orthogonality assumption of the bifactor model. The bifactor S-1 model, contrary to the bifactor model, allows correlation between specific factors and enables items that do not form a common specific factor to be loaded only on the general factor. In psychology, data are mostly multidimensional due to the nature of psychological constructs. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) which is one of the psychological tests and has two dimensions named positive affect and negative affect. In the literature studies on PANAS, negative affect dimensions were not reverse coded while implementing the bifactor model. Therefore, negative path coefficients were revealed. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether or not the items in the negative affect factor should be reverse coded in the PANAS. Within the scope of the current study, bifactor and bifactor S-1 model analyses were implemented for the two data sets, which were reverse coded and non-reverse coded. As a result of this study, with reverse-coded data, the bifactor S-1 model was seen as the better model for the PANAS. Additionally, in the modeling of unique variances of items with specific factors, the bifactor S-1 model performed well and also resolved the problem of negative loading on the general factor. The point to take into consideration, which should be noted by researchers who will study the PANAS, is that negative items should be reverse coded.
Health Remedies as a Source of Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic Exposure, New York City, 2010–2019
Authors: Hore Paromita , Alex-Oni Kolapo , Sedlar Slavenka , Patel Kari , Saper Robert B.
Published: September 2022

Objectives. To describe the types of health remedies collected during poisoning investigations in New York City over a 10-year period that were found to contain high levels of lead, mercury, or arsenic.

Methods. Between 2010 and 2019, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene collected 584 samples of health remedies during poisoning investigations and store surveys for lead, mercury, or arsenic analysis.

Results. There was a significant association between blood lead levels and estimated cumulative daily lead exposures among adult users of rasa shastra Ayurvedic medications. Also, average blood lead levels among adult rasa shastra users were significantly higher than levels among those using other types of non-Ayurvedic health remedies.

Conclusions. Rasa shastra Ayurvedic medications can contain very high levels of lead, mercury, and arsenic. This underscores the importance of screening for lead, mercury, and arsenic exposures within at-risk populations.

Public Health Implications. The general ease of accessibility to rasa shastra medications raises concerns. There is a need for systemic change that results in primary prevention, that is, removal of the source through policy development and regulatory enforcement in the country of origin. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S7):S730–S740. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306906 )
Exposure Sources Among Veterans With Elevated Blood Lead Levels, United States, 2015‒2021
Authors: Oda Gina , Sharma Aditya , Lucero-Obusan Cynthia , Schirmer Patricia , Holodniy Mark
Published: September 2022

Objectives. To determine characteristics and sources of exposure in veterans with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs).

Methods. We included users of US Veterans Health Administration care aged 18 years or older tested for BLL from October 2015 to September 2021. Prevalence of BLL 10 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL) or higher and 25 µg/dL or higher was determined within demographic groups. Logistic regression analysis measured association of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification‒coded conditions with elevated BLL. Electronic notes were reviewed for exposure sources.

Results. Among 1007 unique veterans with BLL 10 µg/dL or higher, prevalence of BLL 10 µg/dL or higher and 25 µg/dL or higher peaked at 4.9 and 1.3 per 100 000 veterans, respectively (fiscal year 2019), and was highest in non-Hispanic White men and those aged 25 to 34 years. Conditions predicted by elevated BLL were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nausea or vomiting. Firearms represented 70.1% of occupational and 85.9% of nonoccupational exposures. Toxicology consults occurred in 17 of 298 (6%) with BLL 25 µg/dL or higher.

Conclusions. Firearms were the largest exposure source among veterans with elevated BLL. Clinicians should be alert for potential conditions (including ADHD and nausea or vomiting in our study) associated with lead exposure. Standardization of care regarding toxicology referral practices is warranted. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S7):S670–S678. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306936 )
Techniques For Testing Website Security Using The Escaping Metacharacter Method
Authors: Utama Aditya Wira , Fitrani Arif Senja
Published: September 2022

Information has become a very important need and has even become a basic need in this day and age. Much of the information available is confidential and not everyone has access to that information. CrossSite Scripting is a type of injection attack against a site by relying on weaknesses from the website or the user itself. Attackers try to steal data, confidentiality and website structure with certain commands through code scripting which is very contrary to the principles of information system security. So that the basic principles of information system security can be fulfilled, it is necessary to conduct research with the aim of finding loopholes and the effect of certain treatments for CrossSite Scripting attacks on websites under controlled conditions and closing the vulnerability gaps of the website. The research was conducted using the escaping metacharacter method which functions to convert special characters into HTML format. This method also functions as a filter on input so that the script that is injected by the user will not be executed by the browser and will be considered as normal input. From the results of the study, it shows that by entering certain characters or words as a rule (filter) which is the hallmark of the xss script, a pattern will be obtained which can later be used as a determinant of whether the input is really an ordinary string or script injection. The research contribution to be achieved is the importance of doing penetration testing on an information system for Agencies, Institutions and Companies, to always be able to recognize, analyze and respond to attacks on information systems and provide security and comfort to users of the information system.
Sensory Properties of Mustard Greens Crackers (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Krisnawati Ayu , Saidi Ida Agustina
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the sensory properties of crackers by the addition of green mustard flour or green mustard paste. This research was experimental research single factor used Randomized Block Design. This treatment was the ratio of addition of green mustard flour or green mustard paste namely K0 (without the addition of green mustard flour or green mustard paste), K1 (1% green mustard flour), K2 (2% green mustard flour), K3 (3% green mustard flour), K4 (4% green mustard flour), K5 (5% green mustard flour), K6 (10% green mustard paste), K7 (15% green mustard paste), K8 (20% green mustard paste), K9 (25% green mustard paste) and K10 (30% green mustard paste). The data were analyzed using the Friedman test. The results showed that the addition of green mustard flour or green mustard paste has a significant effect on the hedonic test of color, aroma, taste, and texture of mustard crackers.