bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical investigation of Ludwigia adscendens subsp. diffusa aerial parts in context of its biological activity
Authors: Baky Mostafa H. , Elgindi Mohamed R. , Shawky Enas M. , Ibrahim Haitham A.
Published: December 2022

Ludwigia adscendens subsp. diffusa (Onagraceae), an important aquatic herb widely distributed in the Nile River and canals in Egypt. The goal of the current study is to investigate the phytochemical composition of L. adscendens aerial parts n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions and screening of its biological activities. Phytochemical investigation of L. adscendens resulted in the isolation and purification of eleven compounds belonging to flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and oligosaccharides, of which one compound was identified as new using different spectroscopic techniques. Compound 2 was identified as a new compound namely, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranoside (1 → 4) α-L-rhamnopyranoside]-23-O-feruloyl-hederagenin-28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1 → 2) β-D-glucopyranoside], along with other 10 well know compounds. Furthermore, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities of n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were investigated in vitro, revealing that ethyl acetate fraction was the most active as antidiabetic (IC50 = 62.3 µg/mL), hepatoprotective (IC50 = 80.75 µg/mL), and cytotoxic against human prostate cancer cell line (IC50 = 52.2 µg/mL). Collectively, L. adscendens aerial part is rich with a myriad of phytochemicals with potential health benefits.
Effect of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles on angiogenesis and the ensuing proliferative diabetic retinopathy through a miR-30b-dependent mechanism
Authors: Wang Ping , Li Chengqian , Deng Yujie , Yu Qing , Meng Xuxia , Jiang Tao , Wang Qing , Fu Yudong
Published: December 2022

Background/purpose

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a major diabetic microvascular complication, characterized by pathological angiogenesis. This study sets out to investigate the potential molecular mechanism in the angiogenesis during PDR.

Methods

The expression of microRNA-30b (miR-30b) was quantified in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse model of PDR. The binding affinity between SIRT1 and miR-30b was then identified and validated. After transduction with In-miR-30b or combined with sh-SIRT1, high-glucose (HG)-induced retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) were co-cultured with extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the plasma of PDR mice (plasma-EVs). The proliferation and angiogenesis of RMECs were then detected in vitro.

Results

miR-30b expression was upregulated in the retinal tissue of PDR mice. SIRT1 was a target gene of miR-30b and under the negative regulation by miR-30b in RMECs. In contrast, inhibition of miR-30b resulted in elevated SIRT1 expression, thus alleviating the angiogenesis of RMECs. miR-30b was enriched in the plasma-EVs and could be delivered to RMECs, in which miR-30b exerted pro-angiogenic effects. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-30b arrested the progression of PDR in mice by promoting the expression of SIRT1.

Conclusion

Collectively, the present study pinpointed the involvement of miR-30b delivered by plasma-EVs in PDR angiogenesis, thus laying the basis for the development of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of PDR.
The use of posteromedial portal for arthroscopic treatment of synovial chondromatosis of the knee: a case report
Authors: Zanna Luigi , Secci Gregorio , Innocenti Matteo , Giabbani Niccolò , Civinini Roberto , Matassi Fabrizio
Published: December 2022

Background

The synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon proliferative metaplastic process of the synovial cells that can develop in any synovial joint. An isolated primary chondromatosis of the posterior compartment of the knee is uncommon and few cases are reported in literature. Our purpose is to describe a rare case of primary chondromatosis of the knee posterior compartment and report the arthroscopic loose bodies excision through a difficult posteromedial portal, avoiding the use of the accessory posterior portal, most commonly reported for approaching this disease.

Case presentation

We report a rare case of a 35-year-old Caucasian male patient with diagnosis of chondromatosis of the posterior knee compartment. The radiographs showed multiple loose bodies of the posterior compartment. The MRI revealed minimal synovial hypertrophy areas, multiple osteophytes in the intercondylar notch, and loose bodies in the posteromedial compartment. The CT allowed us to assess the bony structures, the morphology of the intercondylar notch, and the presence osteophytes of the medial and lateral femoral condyles. The CT images were crucial to plan how to reach the posterior compartments of the knee through a trans-notch passage. The patient underwent arthroscopic surgery using anteromedial, anterolateral, and posteromedial portals. The tunneling through the intercondylar osteophytes was performed to allow the arthroscope to pass trans-notch. To avoid additional accessory posterior portals, we used a 70° arthroscope to better explore the posterior knee compartment. The cartilage-like bodies were removed and synovectomy of the inflamed areas was performed. The clinical and radiological follow-up was 12 months and the patient showed excellent clinical outcomes, returning to his activities of daily living and sport activity.

Conclusion

Our case report highlights the importance of the arthroscopic approach to treat synovial chondromatosis, despite the involvement of the posterior compartment of the knee. An optimal preoperative imaging allows to plan for the proper surgical procedure even in patients with severe osteoarthritis. Moreover, the adoption of an intercondylar notch tunneling and a 70° arthroscope can help surgeons to better explore the posterior knee compartment, avoiding an accessory posterior trans-septal portal. Therefore, a synovectomy of the inflamed foci may be useful to prevent recurrence.
A novel stop-gain pathogenic variant in FLT4 and a nonsynonymous pathogenic variant in PTPN11 associated with congenital heart defects
Authors: Tabib Avisa , Talebi Taravat , Ghasemi Serwa , Pourirahim Maryam , Naderi Niloofar , Maleki Majid , Kalayinia Samira
Published: December 2022

Background

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common congenital malformations, including structural malformations in the heart and great vessels. CHD complications such as low birth weight, prematurity, pregnancy termination, mortality, and morbidity depend on the type of defect.

Methods

In the present research, genetic analyses via whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 3 unrelated pedigrees with CHDs. The candidate variants were confirmed, segregated by PCR-based Sanger sequencing, and evaluated by bioinformatics analysis.

Results

A novel stop-gain c.C244T:p.R82X variant in the FLT4 gene, as well as a nonsynonymous c.C1403T:p.T468M variant in the PTPN11 gene, was reported by WES. FLT4 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in lymphatic development and is known as vascular endothelial growth factor 3.

Conclusions

We are the first to report a novel c.C244T variant in the FLT4 gene associated with CHDs. Using WES, we also identified a nonsynonymous variant affecting protein-tyrosine phosphatase, the non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) gene. The clinical implementation of WES can determine gene variants in diseases with high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity like CHDs.
The association of diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate with mortality in septic shock: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xiao Wenyan , Liu Wanjun , Zhang Jin , Liu Yu , Hua Tianfeng , Yang Min
Published: December 2022

Background

The effects of diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and heart rate (HR) on the prognosis of patients with septic shock are unclear, and whether these effects persist over time is unknown. We aimed to investigate the relationship between exposure to different intensities of DAP and HR over time and mortality at 28 days in patients with septic shock.

Methods

In this cohort study, we obtained data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV, which includes the data of adult patients (≥ 18 years) with septic shock who underwent invasive blood pressure monitoring. We excluded patients who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or glucocorticoids within 48 h of ICU admission. The primary outcome was mortality at 28 days. Piece-wise exponential additive mixed models were used to estimate the strength of the associations over time.

Results

In total, 4959 patients were finally included. The median length of stay in the ICU was 3.2 days (IQR: 1.5–7.1 days), and the mortality in the ICU was 12.9%, with a total mortality at 28 days of 15.9%. After adjustment for baseline and time-dependent confounders, both daily time-weighted average (TWA) DAP and HR were associated with increased mortality at 28 days and strong association, mainly in the early to mid-stages of the disease. The results showed that mortality in patients with septic shock was lowest at a DAP of 50–70 mm Hg and an HR of 60–90 beats per minute (bpm). Throughout, a significant increase in the risk of death was found with daily exposure to TWA-DAP ≤ 40 mmHg (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94–1.03) or TWA-HR ≥ 100 bpm (hazard ratio 1.16, 95% CI 1.1–1.21). Cumulative and interactive effects of harmful exposure (TWA-DAP ≤ 40 mmHg and TWA-HR ≥ 100 bpm) were also observed.

Conclusion

The optimal ranges for DAP and HR in patients with septic shock are 50–70 mmHg and 60–90 bpm, respectively. The cumulative and interactive effects of exposure to low DAP (≤ 40 mmHg) and tachycardia (≥ 100 bpm) were associated with an increased risk of death.
Splenectomy induces biochemical remission and regeneration in experimental murine autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Dywicki Janine , Buitrago-Molina Laura Elisa , Noyan Fatih , Schlue Jerome , Iordanidis Konstantinos , Manns Michael P. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Jaeckel Elmar , Hardtke-Wolenski Matthias
Published: December 2022

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease. It is known that AIH originates not from the spleen but from the liver itself. Nonetheless, most details of the etiology and pathophysiology are unknown. We induced experimental murine AIH (emAIH) in NOD/Ltj mice by single administration of a replication-deficient adenovirus and performed splenectomy during late-stage disease. Biochemical disease remission occurred, which was characterized by improvement in transaminase levels. The causes of this remission included a shift in the transcriptomic signature of serum proteins toward regeneration. At the cellular level, there was a marked decrease in activated CD8+T cells and an increase in intrahepatic regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here, intrahepatic Treg numbers correlated with biochemical remission. Notably, an imbalance in the T-cell/B-cell ratio was observed, with a disproportionate increase in total B cells. In summary, intrahepatic increases in Tregs, biochemical remission, and regeneration could be induced by splenectomy in the late stage of emAIH.
Operationalizing and automating Data Governance
Authors: Nadal Sergi , Jovanovic Petar , Bilalli Besim , Romero Oscar
Published: December 2022

The ability to cross data from multiple sources represents a competitive advantage for organizations. Yet, the governance of the data lifecycle, from the data sources into valuable insights, is largely performed in an ad-hoc or manual manner. This is specifically concerning in scenarios where tens or hundreds of continuously evolving data sources produce semi-structured data. To overcome this challenge, we develop a framework for operationalizing and automating data governance. For the first, we propose a zoned data lake architecture and a set of data governance processes that allow the systematic ingestion, transformation and integration of data from heterogeneous sources, in order to make them readily available for business users. For the second, we propose a set of metadata artifacts that allow the automatic execution of data governance processes, addressing a wide range of data management challenges. We showcase the usefulness of the proposed approach using a real world use case, stemming from the collaborative project with the World Health Organization for the management and analysis of data about Neglected Tropical Diseases. Overall, this work contributes on facilitating organizations the adoption of data-driven strategies into a cohesive framework operationalizing and automating data governance.
Alternaria alternata strain VLH1: a potential entomopathogenic fungus native to North Western Indian Himalayas
Authors: Paschapur Amit Umesh , Subbanna A. R. N. S. , Singh Ashish Kumar , Jeevan B. , Stanley Johnson , Rajashekara H. , Mishra Krishna Kant , Koti Prasanna S. , Kant Lakshmi , Pattanayak Arunava
Published: December 2022

Background

The inadvertent observation of a substantial population reduction of greenhouse whiteflies infecting Salvia divinorum plants grown in a polyhouse sparked a flurry of inquiries on the cause of the population decline. The entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) (Alternaria alternata strain VLH1) infecting greenhouse whitefly on S. divinorum plants was isolated and morphologically and molecularly characterised using multilocus sequence typing.

Results

The fungus was found to be highly virulent against sucking pests; with LC50 values ranging from 1.7 × 104 to 2.5 × 106 spores per ml for the Mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach) and soybean sucking bug (Chauliops choprai Sweet and Schaeffer), respectively. In the lepidopteran larvae treated with a concentration of 3 × 105 spores per ml, the fungus induced developmental abnormalities such as aberrant larval to pupal moulting, defective pupae, and deformed adults. Pathogenicity studies on the two beneficial insects (Coccinella septempunctata (Linn.) and Apis mellifera L.) and 11 host plants revealed no disease signs, indicating that it is safe for use in pest management in hill agriculture. The chitinolytic activity of the fungus and its crude protein extracts was reported in studies conducted against target insect pests, with the highest chitinase enzyme production (117.7 U/ml) on the fourth day of inoculation. Furthermore, over a 96-h period, third instar Helicoverpa armigera (Hubn.) larvae fed on a protein fraction-amended artificial diet showed a significant decrease in nutritional physiology indices such as relative growth rate, relative consumption rate, efficiency of ingested food conversion, efficiency of digested food conversion, and approximate digestibility. Moreover, the polyhouse and open-field studies against two sucking pests; Myzus persicae (Sulz.) infesting capsicum in polyhouse and L. erysimi infesting Indian rapeseed in open-field conditions showed, 81.14% and 63.14% mortality rates, respectively, at 3 × 107 spore/ml concentration.

Conclusions

Entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) was reported to be an effective biocontrol agent, which caused direct mortality in sucking pests to developmental abnormalities in lepidopteran insects. Despite positive findings in in vitro and in vivo bioassay investigations against various insect pests, the fungus still has to be inspected before it can be used on a broad scale for biological pest management.
Biocontrol of the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae) using indigenous entomopathogenic fungi
Authors: Eski Ardahan , Biryol Seda , Acici Ozden , Demir İsmail
Published: December 2022

Background

The western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae), is one of the major pest in seed orchards of various conifers, significantly affects pine seed production and causes economic damage. Biological control by natural enemies has been well studied, but its entomopathogens have been poorly studied. In this study, the efficacy of twelve indigenous entomopathogenic fungi belonging to the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Isaria on L. occidentalis adults was investigated.

Results

All isolates were found to be pathogenic at a concentration of 107 conidia/ml where the virulence ranged from 16 to 90%. Moreover, the virulence of two Metarhizium flavoviride isolates (As2 and As18) reached 90% at 107 conidia/ml concentration. In addition, L. occidentalis treated with M. flavoviride As18 (LT50 = 2.53 days) died more rapidly than with M. flavoviride As2 (LT50 = 5.83 days) at the same treated concentration. For concentration-dependent virulence for isolate As18, five conidia concentrations: 103, 104, 105, 106, and 107 conidia/ml were used. Also, the median lethal (LC50) value of As18 isolate was estimated to be 7.61 × 103 conidia/ml after 10 days of treatment. Since L. occidentalis is known to accumulate during overwintering, conidial transmission among adults was investigated. Unfortunately, horizontal transmission between adults did not occur.

Conclusion

The isolate M. flavoviride As18, which had low LC50 and LT50 values, appeared to be a promising biological control agent against L. occidentalis. This isolate should be formulated as a myco-insecticide and tested under field conditions in further studies.
Selection hub MicroRNAs as biomarkers in breast cancer stem cells in extracellular matrix using bioinformatics analyses
Authors: Shirinsokhan Armaghan , Azarmehr Zahra , Jalili Arsalan , Sadrabadi Amin Ebrahimi , Partan Arman Saadati , Tutunchi Sara , Bereimipour Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Background

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, and many people get it every year. The cancer stem cells are maybe crucial role to exacerbates and relapse the breast cancer. Therefore, finding biomarkers in human secretions can be an suitable solution for early detection and neo adjuvant therapy. This study aimed to investigate the molecular events related to the cancer stem cells in breast cancer, after which we nominated a suitable MicroRNAs participates in breast cancer pathogenesis.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the relationship between molecular pathways using a bioinformatics approach. First, we selected the appropriate RNA-Seq datasets from the GEO database. We used Enrichr, KEGG, and Shiny GO databases to evaluate the signal pathways and gene ontology after isolating the gene expression profiles. In the next step, we used the STRING database to assess the protein network, and we used the Targetscan database to nominate the MicroRNA.

Results

510 high-expression genes and 460 low-expression genes were associated with breast cancer and the cancer stem cells. Highly expressed genes were involved in the cell cycle and cellular aging pathways. On the other hand, low-expression genes were involved in the RNA transports, spliceosome, and apoptosis pathways. After evaluating the ontology of genes and the relationship between proteins, high-expression SPARC, INHBA, FN1, and GBA proteins were nominated. In the next section, the MicroRNAs related to these genes were hsa miR-9.5p, hsa miR-203.3p, and hsa miR-429.

Conclusion

In general, we examined more closely and more the relationship between the cancer stem cells pathway and breast cancer using a regular and accurate bioinformatics framework. Finally, we nominated suitable MicroRNAs that were involved in breast cancer stem cells.
The Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma International Prognostic Index: Development and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model From the HoLISTIC Consortium
Authors: Rodday Angie Mae , Parsons Susan K. , Upshaw Jenica N. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Gallamini Andrea , Hawkes Eliza , Hodgson David , Johnson Peter , Link Brian K. , Mou Eric , Savage Kerry J. , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Maurer Matthew , Evens Andrew M.
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE

The International Prognostic Score (IPS) has been used in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) for 25 years. However, analyses have documented suboptimal performance of the IPS among contemporarily treated patients. Harnessing multisource individual patient data from the Hodgkin Lymphoma International Study for Individual Care consortium, we developed and validated a modern clinical prediction model.

METHODS

Model development via Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis guidelines was performed on 4,022 patients with newly diagnosed advanced-stage adult cHL from eight international phase III clinical trials, conducted from 1996 to 2014. External validation was performed on 1,431 contemporaneously treated patients from four real-world cHL registries. To consider association over a full range of continuous variables, we evaluated piecewise linear splines for potential nonlinear relationships. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS

The median age in the development cohort was 33 (18-65) years; nodular sclerosis was the most common histology. Kaplan-Meier estimators were 0.77 for 5-year PFS and 0.92 for 5-year OS. Significant predictor variables included age, sex, stage, bulk, absolute lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, and albumin, with slight variation for PFS versus OS. Moreover, age and absolute lymphocyte count yielded nonlinear relationships with outcomes. Optimism-corrected c-statistics in the development model for 5-year PFS and OS were 0.590 and 0.720, respectively. There was good discrimination and calibration in external validation and consistent performance in internal-external validation. Compared with the IPS, there was superior discrimination for OS and enhanced calibration for PFS and OS.

CONCLUSION

We rigorously developed and externally validated a clinical prediction model in > 5,000 patients with advanced-stage cHL. Furthermore, we identified several novel nonlinear relationships and improved the prediction of patient outcomes. An online calculator was created for individualized point-of-care use.
A Genetic Assessment of Dopamine Agonist-Induced Impulse Control Disorder in Patients With Prolactinoma
Authors: Sahin Serdar , Sudutan Tugce , Kavla Yasin , Durcan Emre , Özogul Yeliz Yagiz , Poyraz Burc Cagri , Sayitoglu Muge , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Kadioglu Pinar
Published: December 2022

Context

Dopamine agonist (DA)–induced impulse control disorder (ICD) represents a group of behavioral disorders that are increasingly recognized in patients with prolactinoma.

Objective

We aimed to examine the genetic component of the underlying mechanism of DA-induced ICD.

Methods

Patients with prolactinoma receiving dopamine agonist (cabergoline) treatment were included in the study. These patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who developed ICD due to DA and patients who did not. Patients were evaluated for polymorphisms of the DRD1, DRD3, COMT, DDC, GRIN2B, TPH2, OPRK1, OPRM1, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, HTR2A genes.

Results

Of the 72 patients with prolactinoma using cabergoline, 20 were diagnosed with ICD. When patients with and without ICD were compared according to genotype frequencies, OPRK1/rs702764, DRD3/rs6280, HTR2A/rs6313, SLC6A4/rs7224199, GRIN2B/rs7301328, TPH2/rs7305115, COMT/rs4680, DRD1/rs4532 polymorphisms significantly increased in patients with DA-induced ICD.

Conclusion

Our results show that multiple neurotransmission systems affect DA-induced ICD in patients with prolactinoma.
Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Resistance in South Asians
Authors: Fosam Andin , Bansal Rashika , Ramanathan Amrita , Sarcone Camila , Iyer Indiresha , Murthy Meena , Remaley Alan T , Muniyappa Ranganath
Published: December 2022

Context

Identification of insulin resistance (IR) in South Asians, who are at a higher risk for type 2 diabetes, is important. Lack of standardization of insulin assays limits the clinical use of insulin-based surrogate indices. The lipoprotein insulin resistance index (LP-IR), a metabolomic marker, reflects the lipoprotein abnormalities observed in IR. The reliability of the LP-IR index in South Asians is unknown.

Objective

We evaluated the predictive accuracy of LP-IR compared with other IR surrogate indices in South Asians.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study (n = 55), we used calibration model analysis to assess the ability of the LP-IR score and other simple surrogate indices (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, Adipose insulin resistance index, and Matsuda Index) to predict insulin sensitivity (SI) derived from the reference frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. LP-IR index was derived from lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Predictive accuracy was determined by root mean squared error (RMSE) of prediction and leave-one-out cross-validation type RMSE of prediction (CVPE). The optimal cut-off of the LP-IR index was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the Youden index.

Results

The simple surrogate indices showed moderate correlations with SI (r = 0.53-0.69, P < .0001). CVPE and RMSE were not different in any of the surrogate indices when compared with LP-IR. The AUROC was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64-0.89). The optimal cut-off for IR in South Asians was LP-IR >48 (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 70%).

Conclusion

The LP-IR index is a simple, accurate, and clinically useful test to assess IR in South Asians.
Predicting Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Biopsy-Proven Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: Development and Validation of the DCIS-met Model
Authors: Meurs Claudia J. C. , van Rosmalen Joost , Menke-Pluijmers Marian B. E. , Siesling Sabine , Westenend Pieter J.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

In patients with a biopsy-proven ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), axillary staging is frequently performed, but in hindsight often turns out to be superfluous. The aim of this observational study was to develop a prediction model for risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with a biopsy-proven DCIS.

Methods

Data were received from the Dutch Pathology Databank and the Netherlands Cancer Registry. The population-based cohort consisted of all biopsy-proven DCIS patients diagnosed in the Netherlands in 2011 and 2012. The prediction model was evaluated with the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic, and a calibration plot and a decision curve analysis and was validated in a Dutch cohort of patients diagnosed in the period 2016–2019.

Results

Of 2892 biopsy-proven DCIS patients, 127 had metastasis (4.4%). Risk factors were younger age (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99), DCIS not detected by screening (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.01–2.38), suspected invasive component at biopsy (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.01–3.41), palpable tumour (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.34–3.18), BI-RADS score 5 (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.53–3.78), intermediate-grade DCIS (OR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.27–7.15) and high-grade DCIS (OR = 3.20, 95% CI 1.36–7.54). For 24% (n = 708) of the patients, the predicted risk of lymph node metastasis was above 5%. Based on the decision curve analysis, the model had a net benefit for a predicted risk below 25%. The AUC was 0.745. Of the 2269 patients in the validation cohort, 53 (2.2%) had metastasis and the AUC was 0.741.

Conclusions

This DCIS-met model can support clinical decisions on axillary staging in patients with biopsy-proven DCIS.
Commercial extract of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and mango essence as potential attractants for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Araújo Alexandre Santos , Leal Leandro do Santos , Correia Lorena Araújo Peixoto , Andrade Jennifer da Silva , Barreto Artur Magno Fiais , Costa Carina Cristina de Oliveira Santos , Cardoso Amanda Amorim Silva , Galvão-Silva Fábio Luís , Passos-Roriz Alzira Kelly , Mesquita Paulo Roberto Ribeiro de , Joachim-Bravo Iara Sordi
Published: December 2022

Various host compounds have been investigated to produce an alternative attractant for monitoring and controlling pest insects. Several studies evidenced that volatile molecules released by coffee and mangoes attracted both male and female Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), a significant pest in fruit crops. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of the commercial glycolic extract of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and a commercial mango essence (Mangifera indica L.) to attract C. capitata. We identified the main volatile compounds (VOCs) emitted from such products. The experiments were conducted in field cages and showed that the glycolic extract of coffee attracts both sexes of C. capitata, while the mango essence attracts only males. After seven days, the pH of the coffee extract and mango essence did not change. These results indicate that attractants based on commercial fruit extracts and essences can be an option for integrated pest management of the Mediterranean fruit fly in orchards.
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) a rare cause of uncommon fatigue
Authors: Lejman Jan , Panuciak Kinga , Nowicka Emilia , Mastalerczyk Angelika , Makowska Karolina , Obel Michał , Czyżak Kamila , Wiśniewski Wiktor
Published: December 2022

Introduction and purpose:

Muscle weakness in newborns, infants and young children can be caused by disorders of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of rare genetic diseases whose symptoms resemble the clinical picture of autoimmune myasthenia gravis. There are many mutations that can disrupt the neuromuscular transmission leading to pathology. The diagnosis of CMS is based on genetic testing. The aim of this study is to draw clinicians' attention to the symptoms and present current forms of CMS diagnosis and management.

State of knowledge:

An increasing number of genetic changes are associated with CMS pathology. They are divided, depending on the location in the NMJ of the encoded protein, into presynaptic, synaptic and postsynaptic. The most common disorder is the mutation of CHRNE, which is responsible for the expression of one of the subunits in the structure of the acetylcholine receptor. Regardless of the type of disease, the characteristic symptom is uncommon fatigue of skeletal muscles. It may present as ptosis of one or both eyelids or gait disturbance. The interview, laboratory tests and EMG are helpful in the diagnosis, but genetic tests play a key role. They can target specific mutations or cover the entire genome comprehensively. Currently used drugs alleviate the course of CMS by increasing the release of acetylcholine or increasing the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.

Conclusion:

Because of its rarity and variability, many CMS patients may be misdiagnosed. It is important to implement extensive genetic diagnostics and early implementation of treatment. There is a need for long-term studies of CMS cases and implementation of therapies targeted at specific mutations.
Hair loss after SARS-CoV2 Infection
Authors: Kuczyńska Beata , Czelej Magdalena , Gładysz Konrad , Gieroba Krzysztof , Szydłowski Marcin , Kłos Aleksander , Szydłowska Justyna , Żuchnik Olga , Król Olgierd , Kwiatkowski Piotr
Published: December 2022

Introduction:Since the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in China, more than 3.8 million people have died. A big problem is the long-term effects and complications of this disease. The pathogenesis of these long-term effects is not fully known. Significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines have been observed among people with complications. Their dermatological manifestations are due to the presence of receptors for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the skin and other tissues.

Aim of the study: Summary of current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment of hair loss after Covid-19.

Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database, using the following terms: “Hair loss after Covid”, “Tellgoen Effluvium covid”, “Alopecia areata covid”, “androgenetic alopecia covid”.

Results: The most commonly reported among the dermatological manifestations is hair loss, the predominant type of which is telogen alopecia, which involves a prolongation of the resting phase of the hair most likely due to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and depletion of anticoagulant proteins, leading to microthrombosis. There has also been a significant increase in the incidence of alopecia areata, in the development of which, in addition to autoimmunity, psychological and physiological stress factors are also highly influential and are higher during the course of the disease including SARS-CoV2. Androgenetic alopecia results from excess androgens and increased sensitivity of hair follicles to them, transmembrane serine protease 2 facilitates the "entry" of the virus into the body by facilitating the binding of viral particles to ACE-2 receptors, which acts as a gateway. 

Conclusion: Hair loss is not life-threatening however it has serious psychological and social implications, so it is very important to educate patients about the mechanism and treatment of this phenomenon.
Impact of serum C-reactive protein level as a biomarker of cancer dissemination in canine lymphoid neoplasia
Authors: Manachai Nawin , Umnuayyonvaree Duangchanok , Punyathi Panitnan , Rungsipipat Anudep , Rattanapinyopituk Kasem
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a highly sensitive but non-specific acute phase protein that has been widely used to predict the biological behavior of patients with cancer. This study aimed to examine the significance of the serum CRP biomarker in predicting the prognosis of dogs with lymphoma.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples (5 mL) were collected from 34 lymphoma dogs and control healthy dogs. Canine lymphoma clinical staging was classified using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. All lymphoma dogs were reclassified into two groups based on the disease stage. Stages IV and V were designated as advanced stages, and Stages I–III were designated as other stages. The serum CRP level was then determined using a commercial canine CRP fluorescent immunoassay kit and routine hematological and biochemical analyses. C-reactive protein levels, circulating inflammatory parameters, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and albumin levels were compared between advanced stages (IV and V) and Stages I to III using Mann–Whitney U tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also generated to determine the cutoff value, diagnostic sensitivity, and specificity of the CRP level.

Results: A prospective study identified 34 dogs recently diagnosed with canine lymphoma. C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in lymphoma dogs in advanced stages (IV and V) than in lymphoma dogs in Stages I–III. According to the ROC curve analysis, a CRP cutoff level of 54.1 mg/L indicates advanced-stage canine lymphoma, which can be used as a biomarker to predict cancer dissemination.

Conclusion: Serum CRP concentrations can assist clinical decision-making on the WHO stage in lymphoma dogs in clinical applications. The limitations of this study include a small number of lymphomas and no survival analysis.
Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus vaccines in Nigeria
Authors: Sajo Mohammed Usman , Sa'idu Lawal , Souley Maman Moutari , Fagbohun Olusegun Adesina
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) caused by ND virus (NDV) is a serious impediment to effective poultry production in developing countries such as Nigeria. Despite employing vaccination and other control measures to curtail this disease, its severe forms still persist. This study aimed to confirm the virus strains in the NDV vaccine brands commonly used in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: We employed reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sequencing, and sequence analysis to characterize NDV strains in four NDV vaccines commonly used in Nigeria. Fragments of 300 bp from NDV fusion genes from the vaccines were amplified. Polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and analyzed using multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses to characterize the vaccine viruses as pathotypes.

Results: All the vaccines gave positive results, confirming the presence of NDV. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that two of the vaccines had the lentogenic pathotype, while the other two had the mesogenic or velogenic pathotype.

Conclusion: This study provides information to facilitate strategies for regular control of the quality of vaccines in Nigeria.
Metabolic Complications of Diabetics Admitted in Emergency at the Souro-Sanou University Hospital Center, Bobo-Dioulasso (CHUSS)
Authors: Alassane ILBOUDO , Severin Delwende Samandoulougou Rene , Thibaut Joseph Zoungrana , Seck Mbaye MBAYE Salissou , Idrissa Zampaligre , Aboubacar Drabo Lakinapin , Macaire Ouédraogo S , Macaire Ouédraogo S
Published: December 2022

The diabetic is most of the time admitted in emergency for acute complications. An inventory of these complications will guide promotional programs aimed at preventing the occurrence of these complications. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying acute complications and decompensation factors in diabetics admitted in emergency to the Souro Sanou University Hospital Center (CHUSS).It was an observational study, of descriptive transversal type, with prospective collection for 4 months. It concerned diabetics admitted to the medical and surgical emergency departments of the CHUSS. A total of 90 diabetics were included in the study. The average age was 58.81 ± 14.7 years. Type 2 diabetes accounted for 85.6% of cases. The diagnosis of diabetes was known in 74.4% of cases. The reasons for consultation were dominated by impaired conscientiousness and fever, 54.4% and 50% respectively. Metabolic complications were found in 44.4% of patients. They were dominated by hypoglycemia, which accounted for 55.3% of cases. Dietary error was the main decompensation factor in cases of hypoglycemia and was reported in 71.4% of cases.

Metabolic complications are common in diabetics admitted in emergency at the CHUSS. Decompensation factors are mostly preventable.
Common Clinical Presentations of GBV Survivors Seen Between 2020-2022 at a GBV Clinic in a Tertiary Care Referral Facility in South East Nigeria
Authors: Chukwu H.C Uro- , Chukwu H.C Uro- , Chukwu H.C Uro- , Anyanwu, U.O , Anyanwu, U.O , Anyanwu, U.O
Published: December 2022

Background
Gender based violence (GBV) refers to any violence targeted at an individual or group on the basis of their gender. It could occur in different forms with several clinical manifestations. The authors have described several clinical manifestations of GBV in a tertiary health centre, knowledge of which would help in case identification and early clinical management.

Methods
Retrospective descriptive study of all clients seen at a gbv clinic over a sixteen months period.Data was obtained from case records and clinical presentations were entered into excel. Data analysis was done usingIBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25. The results were presented in frequency tables and graphs

Results
Of 86 clients studied, 56(65.1%) were of pediatric age (< 18years) while 30(34.9%) were adults with a mean age of 18.33+11.64(range 1-64years).72(82.6%) belonged to the low social class. Physical abuse in the forms of battering, human bite, walking and sitting disturbances, hearing loss possibly from slapping or hitting and red eye possibly from trauma on the eye, constituted 37.6% of the clinical presentations. Other presentations were; sexual abuse in the form of forced sex which constituted 34.9%, while gynaecological / obstetrics presentations in the forms of bleeding per vagina, pregnancy due to forced sex and vaginal pain made up 13.9%. Emotional/psychological abuse was observed in all clients irrespective of their different presenting complaints.

Conclusion
While various forms of physical abuse were common, emotional abuse was present in all clients but masked probably due to prioritization of physical injuries. Therefore we recommend that all GBV survivors be screened for psycholocal abuse and psychotherapy given.
Antimicrobial Resistance: A Situational Analysis in the Deido Health District, Douala, Cameroon
Authors: Njukeng Patrick A. , Njumkeng Charles , AMIN Elvis T. , K. T. Akoachere Jane-Francis , Njukeng Patrick A. , Njumkeng Charles
Published: December 2022

Background
The rapid and ongoing spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms threatens the ability to successfully prevent, control, or treat a growing number of infectious diseases in developed and developing countries. This study was designed to convey more insight on the profile of antimicrobial resistance and the capacity of laboratories conducting antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Cameroon.

Methods
A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 in the Deido Health District. Laboratories that carry out culture and sensitivity testing within the Deido Health District were identified and assessed to determine their capacity as well as the quality of results from microbiological investigations. Information on antimicrobial susceptibility of various isolates was collected using tablet phones in which the study questionnaires had been incorporated.

Results
Gaps identified in antimicrobial susceptibility testing that cut across laboratories included; insufficient standard operating procedures, inadequate records on personnel training and competency assessment, lack of safety equipment such as biosafety cabinet, stock out and non-participation in external quality assurance program. The turnaround time for antimicrobial susceptibility testing ranged from 3 – 7 days. Out of the 1797 samples cultured, 437(24.3%) had at least one isolate. A total of 15 different isolates were identified with Candida albicans being the most frequent 178 (40.7%), followed by Escherichia coli 80(18.3%). Among the 15 classes of antimicrobial drugs used in this study, the overall resistance of the isolates showed that five classes had class median resistance above 40% (Cephalosporins, Penicillins, Beta-lactam, Macrolides, and Polyenes).

Conclusion
This study has shown the need to develop a coordinated national approach to fight antimicrobial resistance. Scaling-up of antimicrobial susceptibility testing will, therefore, require strengthening the microbiology units of laboratory systems as well as ensuring the use of laboratory data for decision making
Thyroid Function Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Miraj A K Al , Rahman Magfur , Hoque Faraji Anwarul , Abduz Zaher Muhammad , Ata Ullah Mohammad
Published: December 2022

The function of the thyroid gland is one of the most important in the human body as it regulates the majority of the body's physiological actions. The thyroid produces hormones (T3 and T4) that have many actions including metabolism, development, protein synthesis, and the regulation of many other important hormones. There is a lot of interaction between the kidney and thyroid gland during the disease States thyroid hormones have a major role in regulating the glomerular filtration rate through its hormonal actions in normal physiology. But these things are altered in the disease States such as chronic kidney disease. It is a well-known fact that hypothyroidism causes decreased Glomerular filtration rate whereas hyperthyroidism causes increased Glomerular filtration rate leading to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation. In our study we aim to see the prevalence of low T3 syndrome in different stages of CKD which is a state of physiological benefit in preserving the proteins lost through the Kidneys in CKD patients and since CKD is progressed in hyperthyroidism state it is a protective mechanism in restoring the CKD status. Other subclinical hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism. Autoimmune hypothyroidism. Glomerulonephritis are all part of a dynamic endocrine and nephrology sequence. Thorough knowledge of these is required for optimum treatment of thyroid in CKD patients.
Oxidative Status and Reproductive Characteristics in Female Cavies (Cavia porcellus L.) Fed on Aqueous Extract of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Seed
Authors: Ferdinand Ngoula , Mary Momo Chongsi Margaret , Markhous Adam Mahamat Tahir , Adamou Mohamadou , Motchewo Nadège Djuissi , Brice Menkem , Fulbert Aimé Lontio , Hervé Tchoffo , Narcisse Vemo Bertin , Arius Baulland Dongmo Nguedia , Markhous Adam Mahamat Tahir
Published: December 2022

The present study was initiated to improve the farm animals’ productivity through the use of medicinal plants. More specifically, to determine in female cavies the effects of aqueous extract of avocado seed powder (AEASP) on the estrous cycle, the levels of LH, estradiol and tissues (ovarian and uterine) biomarkers of oxidative stress. For the trial, 24 female cavies with regular estrous cycles were selectedamong 40 trough observation of 4 estrous cycles. They were randomly shared into 4 groups of 6 females each, comparable in term of body weight (bw) (463.60±77.69 g). They received by gavage 1 mL/kg bw of distilled water for the control and 100, 200, 400 mg/kg bw of AEASP respectively for the groups EA100, EA200 and EA400. Subsequently, 3 estrous cycles were studied every day during all the treatment period. At the end, the cavies were slaughtered at the estrus phase; blood, ovaries and uterus were collected for analysis. As result, the AEASP significantly (p<0.05) increase the duration of the estrus phase in females of group EA100, without affecting significantly the duration of the estrous cycle as referred to the control. It significantly reduce the serum level of total cholesterol and increase (p<0.05) the serum concentration of LH in cavies of group EA100 compared to the control. AEASP significantly increase the serum concentration of estradiol in all treated females as referred to the control. It significantly increase the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ovaries of the females of group EA400. In the uterine tissue, superoxide dismutase (SOD) increase significantly in the cavies of group EA200 compare to the control. We can conclude that the AEASP increase the duration of the estrus phase of cavies without affecting the duration of the estrous cycle. Subsequently, it increases the serum concentration of LH and estradiol.
Generation of a Single-Domain Antibody against Isolated Escherichia Coli that Causes Camel-Calf Death
Authors: Anouassi Abdelhaq , Hassan Faysal Abdishakur , Thueng-in Kanyarat , Hassan Faysal Abdishakur , Ketudat-Cairns Mariena , Parnpai Rangsun
Published: December 2022

Antibodies and antibody fragments, especially single-domain antibodies known as nanobodies, are important tools in diagnostics, research, and therapeutics. In a conventional antibody, light and heavy chains contribute to the formation of the antigen binding site. In addition to conventional antibodies, old and new world camels also have heavy-chain antibodies (hcAbs), which lack the light-chain antibodies that usually bind to the antigen, as well as single domain antibodies, the VHH domain, which are the smallest antigen-binding fragments and have high solubility, stability, and specificity.

A VHH library against E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was produced using the camel immune system. E. coli strains from dead camel calves were isolated to extract the LPS and used to immunize a 2-year-old female camel. After isolating mononuclear lymphocytes for RNA extraction and amplification of the VHH gene, the PCR product was cloned into the pF1AT7 Flexi vector and transformed into JM109 E. coli competent cells by heat shock, resulting in a comprehensive VHHs library with 6.9 × 104 cfu/µg. The VHHs were expressed and screened with ELISA and PCR. Eleven colonies were positive by PCR, six of which were sequenced and submitted to Genbank compared with GenBank data to confirm the production of nanobodies with a similarity >90%.