bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Behavior of Sloped Bottom Tank with Internal Object
Authors: Roy Sidhartha Sankar , Biswal Kishore Chandra
Published: November 2022

The sloped bottom tank generates higher sloshing-induced base shear with less liquid mass compared to rectangular tanks. Due to the improved sloshing characteristics, sloped bottom TLD achieves better performance than its conventional flat-bottom counterpart. These improvements in sloshing characteristics are due to the modified tank configuration, which reduces the impulsive liquid mass and results in higher convective participation of liquid mass during sloshing. To further increase the convective characteristics, a sloped bottom tank with internal object is proposed. A velocity potential-oriented finite element model has been adopted for the numerical analysis where a combination of three-node triangular and four-node quadrilateral finite elements is used to discretize the liquid domain. Seismic characteristics of liquid sloshing inside a ground-supported sloped bottom tank with internal object are investigated under six different seismic motions categorized as low-, intermediate-, and high-frequency contents. Also, the influence of the internal object on slosh dynamics is investigated suitably for different heights of the object under all earthquakes considered. The dynamic impulsive and convective components of base shear force and hydrodynamic pressure are quantified successfully. The developed numerical model in this study can be utilized in tuning and designing structures coupled with sloped-bottom TLD.
Damped Nonlinear Dynamics of FG-GPLRC Dielectric Beam with Active Tuning Using DQ and IHB Methods
Authors: Zhu Fan , Feng Chuang , Wang Yu , Qian Qiangfei , Hang Ziyan , Yang Jie , Wang Shuguang
Published: November 2022

The composites reinforced by graphene and its derivatives have demonstrated great potential in developing high-performance and smart materials and structures. This paper numerically studies the dynamic characteristics of functionally graded (FG) graphene platelets (GPLs) reinforced composite (FG-GPLRC) dielectric beam subjected to damping, mechanical excitation and electrical field. Required mechanical and physical properties of the composites are evaluated by effective medium theory (EMT). Governing equations for the structure are established based on Timoshenko beam theory and nonlinear von Kármán strain–displacement relationship. Differential quadrature (DQ) and incremental harmonic balance (IHB) together with an arc-length algorithm are combined to discretize and solve the highly nonlinear equations. The effects of the geometry and concentration of GPLs, attributes of electrical field, FG distribution profile, excitation and damping on the dynamic characteristics of the beam are comprehensively investigated. Two transition regions for the effect of AC (alternating current) frequency of the electrical field on the dynamic performances of the beam are identified. There exist thresholds for GPL concentration, FG slope factor and aspect ratio for the dynamic response of the composite beam. It is indicated that the dynamic performances of the FG composite beam can be actively tuned by changing the attributes of the electrical field. The numerical investigation is envisaged to provide guidelines for the design and optimization of developing smart engineering structures.
Complex psd-minimal polytopes in dimensions two and three
Authors: Bogart Tristram , Gouveia João , Torres Juan Camilo
Published: November 2022

The extension complexity of a polytope measures its amenability to succinct representations via lifts. There are several versions of extension complexity, including linear, real semidefinite, and complex semidefinite. We focus on the last of these, for which the least is known, and in particular on understanding which polytopes are complex psd-minimal. We prove the existence of an obstruction to complex psd-minimality which is efficiently computable via lattice membership problems. Using this tool, we complete the classification of complex psd-minimal polygons (geometrically as well as combinatorially). In dimension three we exhibit several new examples of complex psd-minimal polytopes and apply our obstruction to rule out many others.
On wreath products of groups, semigroups and algebras
Authors: Alahmadi Adel , Alsulami Hamed , Jain S. K. , Zelmanov Efim
Published: November 2022

We review various constructions of wreath products of groups, semigroups, Lie algebras and associative algebras and discuss their realizations in matrix wreath products of associative algebras. As an application we prove a new version of Evans’s embedding theorem [T. Evans, Embedding theorems for multiplicative systems and projective geometries, Proc. American Math. Soc. 3 (1952) 614–620].
Cohomological dimension of DG-modules
Authors: Rao Yanping , Liu Zhongkui , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: November 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative noetherian non-positive DG-ring, [Formula: see text] an ideal of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we introduce the notion of cohomological dimension of DG-modules and investigate the interplay between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. It is shown that [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text]. As an application, we recover a DG-version of Grothendieck’s vanishing and non-vanishing theorems for local cohomology. We also study the cohomological dimension of Koszul DG-modules and get some interesting results.
Modelling and Stability Analysis of a Rumour Propagation Model with Sentiments as Microscopic Observation
Authors: Gopal Greeshma N. , Kovoor Binsu C.
Published: November 2022

A mathematical model (SEPNS) for rumour spreading on social media is proposed here with the required differential equations. Microscopic observations are considered here to obtain the compartments in this epidemiological model. The predictions based on this model can help social media analysts provide valuable and specific suggestions in business and politics. The equilibrium points are obtained for this model. Later, the stability analysis based on basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is done for both the rumour free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. Finally, numerical simulation of the model is done to understand the influence of different parameters during rumour spread.
Examining Implicit Price Variation for Lake Water Quality
Authors: Swedberg Kristen , Boyle Kevin J. , Stachelek Jemma , Ward Nicole K. , Weng Weizhe , Cobourn Kelly M.
Published: November 2022

Hedonic price models are commonly used to estimate implicit prices for lake water quality across small geographic regions that might be assumed to be a part of a common real estate market. Yet recent studies expand the geographic scale of the hedonic model potentially obscuring important differences in implicit prices across markets. We estimate implicit prices for lake water quality across multiple states in the northeast and upper Midwest in the United States of America at three different geographic scales: substate, state, and multistate. We find implicit price estimates are heterogeneous at both the substate and state-levels, which is not accounted for in state-level or multistate hedonic models. Our results show that estimates across a broad geographic scale can be driven by a single subregion within the defined area. Overall, the study demonstrates that using a single hedonic model over a large geographic area may obscure important heterogeneity in implicit prices used to estimate potential benefits for water-quality improvements.
Ethics and Efficacy of Unsolicited Anti-Trafficking SMS Outreach
Authors: Bhalerao Rasika , McDonald Nora , Barakat Hanna , Hamilton Vaughn , McCoy Damon , Redmiles Elissa
Published: November 2022

The sex industry exists on a continuum based on the degree of work autonomy present in one's labor conditions: a high degree of autonomy exists on one side of the continuum where certain independent sex workers have a great deal of agency, while much less autonomy exists on the other side, where sex is traded under conditions of human trafficking. Various organizations across North America perform outreach to sex workers to offer assistance in the form of services (e.g., healthcare, financial assistance, housing) as well as prayer and intervention. Increasingly, technology is used to look for trafficking victims and/or facilitate the provision of assistance or services, for example through scraping and parsing sex industry workers' advertisements into a database of contact information that can be used by outreach organizations. However, little is known about the efficacy of anti-trafficking outreach technology, nor the potential risks of using such technology to identify and contact the highly stigmatized and marginalized population of those working in the sex industry. In this work, we investigate the use, context, benefits, and harms of an anti-trafficking technology platform via qualitative interviews with multiple stakeholders: the technology developers (n=6), organizations that use the technology (n=17), and sex industry workers who have been contacted or wish to be contacted (n=24). Our findings illustrate misalignment between developers, users of the platform, and sex industry workers they are attempting to assist. In their current state, anti-trafficking outreach tools such as the one we investigate are ineffective and, at best, serve as a mechanism for spam and, at worst, scale and exacerbate harm against the population they aim to serve. We conclude with a discussion of best practices -- and the feasibility of their implementation -- for technology-facilitated outreach efforts to minimize risk or harm to sex industry workers while efficiently providing needed services.
Computer Supported Livestock Systems: The Potential of Digital Platforms to Revitalize a Livestock System in Rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Gwaka Leon Tinashe
Published: November 2022

Livestock contribute to household food security, financial security, and societal status. However, most rural livestock systems are fragile characterized by poor infrastructure, information asymmetry, and dysfunctional markets. Literature suggests that digital platforms show promise to contribute towards addressing these challenges and yet, contrary evidence cautions against growing concerns like platform providers' power accumulation which can further marginalize users. I use evidence from the MOSMAC intervention in Beitbridge (Zimbabwe) to explore the potential of digital platforms to revitalise a livestock system. Findings suggest that digital platforms strengthen the livestock system through connecting system actors, improving coordination, and enabling transactions. However, these platforms are fraught with hidden complexities often invisible to users and can worsen prevailing conditions. I demonstrate data aggregation, power consolidation through product integration and power shifts which are often unknow to the users. These insights can inform design considerations and empower users to make informed decisions towards digital platforms
Producing and Consuming Instructional Material in Manufacturing Contexts: Evaluation of an AR-based Cyber-Physical Production System for Supporting Knowledge and Expertise Sharing
Authors: Hoffmann Sven , Pinatti de Carvalho Aparecido Fabiano , Schweitzer Marcus , Abele Nils Darwin , Wulf Volker
Published: November 2022

Fast-paced knowledge and expertise sharing (KES) is a typical demand in contemporary workplaces due to dynamic markets and ever-changing work practices. Past and current computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) research has long been investigating how computer technologies can support people with KES. Recent claims have asserted that augmented reality- (AR-)based cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) are poised to bring significant changes in the ways that KES unfolds in manufacturing contexts. This paper scrutinises such claims by implementing a short-term evaluation of an AR-based CPPS and assessing how it can potentially support (1) the generation of AR content by experienced production workers and (2) the visualisation and processing of such content by novice workers. We, therefore, contribute a user study to the CSCW community that sheds light on the use of a particular type of AR-based CPPS for KES in industrial contexts.?
I Know I Am, But What Are You? How Culture and Self-Categorization Affect Emotions Toward Robots
Authors: Correia Filipa , Christeson Sean , Mascarenhas Samuel F. , Paiva Ana , Fraune Marlena
Published: November 2022

As routinely working with robots spreads globally, it becomes important to understand how best to customize robots to each culture to maximize collaboration between humans and robots. In two distinct cultures (United States and Portugal) we examined group-based emotions toward robots with participants self-categorizing three different ways (ingroup, outgroup, and neutral). We tested and confirmed our baseline assumptions that Portuguese participants are more collectivistic and less individualistic, and feel closer with a team in negative, but not positive, scenarios, compared to United States participants. Supporting our hypotheses, the results showed that participants rated more positive emotions toward the robot in the ingroup condition than in the outgroup or neutral conditions. Moreover, an interaction effect between culture and self-categorization revealed that Portuguese participants had more positive group-based emotions toward the robot than United States participants when self-categorizing as an ingroup. We discuss the implications in terms of human-robot teaming and potential future research directions.
The Distressing Ads That Persist: Uncovering The Harms of Targeted Weight-Loss Ads Among Users with Histories of Disordered Eating
Authors: Gak Liza , Olojo Seyi , Salehi Niloufar
Published: November 2022

Targeted advertising can harm vulnerable groups when it targets individuals' personal and psychological vulnerabilities. We focus on how targeted weight-loss advertisements harm people with histories of disordered eating. We identify three features of targeted advertising that cause harm: the persistence of personal data that can expose vulnerabilities, over-simplifying algorithmic relevancy models, and design patterns encouraging engagement that can facilitate unhealthy behavior. Through a series of semi-structured interviews with individuals with histories of unhealthy body stigma, dieting, and disordered eating, we found that targeted weight-loss ads reinforced low self-esteem and deepened pre-existing anxieties around food and exercise. At the same time, we observed that targeted individuals demonstrated agency and resistance against distressing ads. Drawing on scholarship in postcolonial environmental studies, we use the concept of slow violence to articulate how online targeted advertising inflicts harms that may not be immediately identifiable. CAUTION: This paper includes media that could be triggering, particularly to people with an eating disorder. Please use caution when reading, printing, or disseminating this paper.
"Kabootar": Towards Informal, Trustworthy, and Community-Based FinTech for Marginalized Immigrants
Authors: Rohanifar Yasaman , Sultana Sharifa , Hasan Shaid , Chandra Priyank , Ahmed Syed Ishtiaque
Published: November 2022

Financial technology (FinTech) platforms often exclude certain countries from their services due to global political conflicts. As a result, immigrants from these neglected countries struggle with transferring money to and from their homeland through formal mechanisms. Instead, they get involved in informal transnational transactions that, while flexible, are often risky and full of hassles. We looked into this issue through an online survey (n=127) and engaged with multiple stakeholders (n=16), including the Iranian immigrant community in Canada, to co-design an application called ?Kabootar' that matches senders and receivers of money across borders. In this application, a sender-receiver pair is matched with a pertinent pair sending money in the opposite direction. By facilitating two intra-national transactions in local currencies instead of two relatively complicated inter-national transactions, the need for money to cross borders is eliminated while staying within the boundaries of the law. Our user study (n=13) revealed several tensions in users trusting such informal transnational transactions. This work contributes to CSCW, HCI, and social computing's growing scholarship in personalized and collaborative computing technologies by advocating for a novel design approach based on collaboration and informality and extends their scope to the domain of FinTech for politically marginalized communities.
Harmonizing the Cacophony with MIC: An Affordance-aware Framework for Platform Moderation
Authors: Bajpai Tanvi , Asher Drshika , Goswami Anwesa , Chandrasekharan Eshwar
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate the advantages of using an affordance-aware framework like MIC by analyzing several social platforms over the course of two case studies. First, we analyze individual platforms using MIC and demonstrate how MIC can be used to examine the effects of platform changes on the moderation ecosystem and identify potential new challenges in moderation. Next, we use MIC to systematically compare three platforms and propose potential moderation mechanisms that each can adapt. Moderation researchers and stakeholders can use such comparisons to uncover where platforms can emulate the moderation practices of successful, established, and better-studied platforms, as well as learn from the pitfalls other platforms have encountered.
The Gift that Keeps on Giving: Generosity is Contagious in Multiplayer Online Games
Authors: Bisberg Alexander J. , Jiang Julie , Zeng Yilei , Chen Emily , Ferrara Emilio
Published: November 2022

Understanding social interactions and generous behaviors have long been of considerable interest in the social sciences community. While the contagion of generosity is documented in the real world, less is known about such phenomenon in virtual worlds and whether it has an actionable impact on user behavior and retention. In this work, we analyze social dynamics in the virtual world of the popular massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) Sky: Children of Light. We develop a framework to reveal the patterns of generosity in such social environments and provide empirical evidence of social contagion and contagious generosity. Players become more engaged in the game after playing with others and especially with friends. We also find that players who experience generosity first-hand or even observe other players conduct generous acts become more generous themselves in the future. Additionally, we show that both receiving and observing generosity lead to higher future engagement in the game. Since Sky resembles the real world from a social play aspect, the implications of our findings also go beyond this virtual world.
"It's a lonely disease": Cultivating Online Spaces for Social Support among People Living with Dementia and Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Johnson Jazette , Arnold Vitica , Piper Anne Marie , Hayes Gillian R.
Published: November 2022

People living with dementia as well as dementia caregivers are finding new ways to provide and receive support online. The emerging use of social media platforms-such as TikTok, Clubhouse, and Facebook-by people with dementia and dementia caregivers enables new forms of sharing about stigmatized, poorly understood, and often under-discussed experiences. Building on prior work focused on formal support groups, we report findings from an interview study of how people living with dementia and dementia caregivers provide and receive social support through emerging online spaces and communities. Our analysis reveals that both groups cultivate new online spaces for sharing about the experience of dementia while also navigating tensions surrounding public disclosure of lived experiences, advocacy, education, and the ability to protect and keep private elements of life experiences. We discuss how these groups cultivate online spaces across platforms and contribute to ongoing ethical debates about consent in online communities. We conclude with questions that guide future work on emerging online spaces for supporting people living with dementia and caregivers of people living with dementia.
'Don't make assumptions about me!': Understanding Children's Perception of Datafication Online
Authors: Wang Ge , Zhao Jun , Van Kleek Max , Shadbolt Nigel
Published: November 2022

Datafication, which is the process in which children's actions online are pervasively recorded, tracked, aggregated, analysed, and exploited by online services in multiple ways that include behavioural engineering, and monetisation, is becoming increasing common in the online world today. However, we know little about how children feel about such practices and how they perceive datafication. Through online interviews with 48 children aged 7-13 from UK schools, we examined how children perceive datafication practices, especially how such practices could make inference on them. We identified three key knowledge gaps in children's perceptions, including their lack of recognition of who were involved in the data processing and how, data being transmitted across platforms, and their data ownership. Through situating our findings under a critical algorithmic literacy framework, our findings provided some immediate indications regarding how we could better support children in the datafied society through more transparency and autonomy-supportive designs, as well as the need for a fundamental shift of the current data governance structure.
A Seat at the Virtual Table: Emergent Inclusion in Remote Meetings
Authors: Lacy Amanda , Polsley Seth , Ray Samantha , Hammond Tracy
Published: November 2022

The shift to virtual has changed our society and left an impact on nearly every part of our lives. Although it brought many challenges, global remote access also opened up a world of educational and professional opportunities for many people who did not have them before. In this work, we detail the findings of a study collecting feedback on inclusivity in virtual, in-person, and hybrid spaces, with the goal of building a greater understanding of the issues and personal challenges faced by access and equity stakeholders. From a survey of 104 individuals and detailed interviews with 12, we have used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to discover key challenges. The diversity of experiences and opinions was striking, with many winners and losers going into the virtual space. We propose some modifications to the online environment and in-person practices with the aim of furthering equality.
"Acting Out" Queer Identity: The Embodied Visibility in Social Virtual Reality
Authors: Freeman Guo , Acena Dane
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on embodied visibility emerging in social Virtual Reality (VR) as a new lens to explore how queer users build and experience visibility in nuanced ways. Drawing on 29 queer social VR users' experiences across various countries and cultures, we identify three main strategies for building and experiencing embodied visibility in social VR, limitations of each strategy, and impacts of such visibility on queer users' identity practices online and offline. We broaden current studies on queer visibility online and expand the traditional lens of selective visibility by highlighting how embodiment both supports and challenges the multidimensional online presentations of queer identity. We also propose potential design considerations to further support diverse queer users' visibility in social VR and inform future directions for creating inclusive online social experiences.
Social-Spiritual Face: Designing Social Reading Support for Spiritual Well-being
Authors: Kim Inyeop , Ko Minsam , Park Joonyoung , Moon Sung Wook , Jung Gyuwon , Lim Youn-kyung , Lee Uichin
Published: November 2022

Techno-spiritual practices refer to the use of digital technologies to support various spiritual activities, such as scripture reading. While prior human-computer interaction studies largely focus on understanding techno-spiritual practices in both personal and ministry environments, there is a lack of design research that explores novel design opportunities, based on longitudinal field deployment. As an important techno-spiritual practice, this work focuses on scripture reading and investigates the design space of "social scripture reading," as it is often organized into small groups for successful behavior maintenance. We designed and evaluated BibleCell, a social scripture reading tool that supports personalized reading plans, scripture reading, and social sharing. After the third year of deployment, we performed a two-month user study in Korean Protestant churches to deepen our understanding of techno-spiritual practices in social contexts via in-depth interviews (n = 27). We report the major themes of social techno-spiritual practices, such as social motivators, social interaction patterns, and leadership roles. We discuss our findings using a novel design concept of social-spiritual awareness that considers both the social and spiritual aspects of interactions in social computing systems.
AI and Disaster Risk: A Practitioner Perspective
Authors: Moitra Aparna , Wagenaar Dennis , Kalirai Manveer , Ahmed Syed Ishtiaque , Soden Robert
Published: November 2022

Emerging techniques developed by AI researchers promise to offer the capacity to support disaster risk management (DRM), through making data collection or analysis practices faster, less costly, or more accurate. However, in every socially consequential domain in which AI tools have been applied, these technologies have been demonstrated to have some degree of negative consequences. This paper explores an attempt to convene technical experts in the area of DRM to discuss potential negative impacts, their approaches toward mitigating these impacts as well as identifying some of the overarching challenges. In doing so, we contribute new findings about a domain that has received relatively little attention from critical and ethical AI researchers, and the opportunities and limitations that are presented by working with domain experts to evaluate the social consequences of emerging technologies.
Alignment Work for Urban Accessibility: A Study of How Wheelchair Users Travel in Urban Spaces
Authors: Wu Yiying , Ding Xianghua(Sharon) , Dai Xuelan , Zhang Peng , Lu Tun , Gu Ning
Published: November 2022

Mobility is the key for people with disabilities to have full participation in life. To support their mobility, previous work primarily focused on accessibility as an attribute of the external environment to be evaluated, labeled, visualized, and improved. Relatively less work has looked at how people with disabilities go out and move around in practice and work to achieve mobility. This paper presents a qualitative study of 14 wheelchair users' travel practices in everyday life in China, highlighting urban accessibility as alignment work -- the use of an awareness of the conditions along the journey to continuously align and re-align various resources to ensure accessibility and mobility across contexts and moments. By highlighting alignment work, we present another side of the story of urban accessibility, and broaden design considerations to support mobility for wheelchair users.
Awe Versus Aww: The Effectiveness of Two Kinds of Positive Emotional Stimulation on Stress Reduction for Online Content Moderators
Authors: Cook Christine L. , Cai Jie , Wohn Donghee Yvette
Published: November 2022

When people have the freedom to create and post content on the internet, particularly anonymously, they do not always respect the rules and regulations of the websites on which they post, leaving other unsuspecting users vulnerable to sexism, racism, threats, and other unacceptable content in their daily cyberspace diet. However, content moderators witness the worst of humanity on a daily basis in place of the average netizen. This takes its toll on moderators, causing stress, fatigue, and emotional distress akin to the symptomology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goal of the present study was to explore whether adding positive stimuli to breaktimes-images of baby animals or beautiful, aweinspiring landscapes-could help reduce the negative side-effects of being a content moderator. To test this, we had over 300 experienced content moderators read and decide whether 200 fake text-based social media posts were acceptable or not for public consumption. Although we set out to test positive emotional stimulation, however, we actually found that it is the cumulative nature of the negative emotions that likely negates most of the effects of the intervention: the longer the person had practiced content moderation, the stronger their negative experience. Connections to compassion fatigue and how best to spend work breaks as a content moderator are discussed.
CrowdGraph: A Crowdsourcing Multi-modal Knowledge Graph Approach to Explainable Fauxtography Detection
Authors: Kou Ziyi , Zhang Yang , Zhang Daniel , Wang Dong
Published: November 2022

Human-centric fauxtography is a category of multi-modal posts that spread misleading information on online information distribution and sharing platforms such as online social media. The reason of a human-centric post being fauxtography is closely related to its multi-modal content that consists of diversified human and non-human subjects with complex and implicit relationships. In this paper, we focus on an explainable fauxtography detection problem where the goal is to accurately identify and explain why a human-centric social media post is fauxtography (or not). Our problem is motivated by the limitations of current fauxtography detection solutions that focus primarily on the detection task but ignore the important aspect of explaining their results (e.g., why a certain component of the post delivers the misinformation). Two important challenges exist in solving our problem: 1) it is difficult to capture the implicit relations and attributions of different subjects in a fauxtography post given the fact that many of such knowledge is shared between different crowd workers; 2) it is not a trivial task to create a multi-modal knowledge graph from crowd workers to identify and explain human-centric fauxtography posts with multi-modal contents. To address the above challenges, we develop CrowdGraph, a crowdsourcing based multi-modal knowledge graph approach to address the explainable fauxtography detection problem. We evaluate the performance of CrowdGraph by creating a real-world dataset that consists of human-centric fauxtography posts from Twitter and Reddit. The results show that CrowdGraph not only detects the fauxtography posts more accurately than the state-of-the-arts but also provides well-justified explanations to the detection results with convincing evidence.
Distance Education During the COVID-19 Shutdown: A Process Model of Online Learner Readiness, Experiences and Feelings of Learning
Authors: Nowak Kristine L. , Watt James H.
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic that forced the closure of campuses in the spring of 2020 accelerated the diffusion of distance education in Universities worldwide. The need to shift to distance education without time to prepare or train teachers or students led to what has been called a crisis learning situation in what was far from a seamless transition. This article surveyed 200 students at a large university in the United States at the end of the spring semester in 2020 about their online learner readiness including access to technological infrastructure (computers and highspeed Internet access), computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, and how that influenced positive and negative learning experiences and feelings about distance education and learning. A four-stage Structural Equation Model shows a detailed picture of the distance education process and suggests intervention points to improve its outcomes. Results suggest that access to technological infrastructure are necessary but not sufficient for successful distance education experiences and point to the critical importance of computer self-efficacy and anxiety in predicting positive (or negative) learning experiences, which lead to increased feelings of learning and the likelihood that students will choose distance education in the future.
Gender and Participation in Open Source Software Development
Authors: Frluckaj Hana , Dabbish Laura , Widder David Gray , Qiu Huilian Sophie , Herbsleb James D.
Published: November 2022

Open source software represents an important form of digital infrastructure as well as a pathway to technical careers for many developers, but women are drastically underrepresented in this setting. Although there is a good body of literature on open source participation, there is very little understanding of the participation trajectories and contribution experiences of women developers, and how they compare to those of men developers, in open source software projects. In order to understand their joining and participation trajectories, we conducted interviews with 23 developers (11 men and 12 women) who became core in an open source project. We identify differences in women and men's motivations for initial contributions and joining processes (e.g. women participating in projects that they have been invited to) and sustained involvement in a project. We also describe unique negative experiences faced by women contributors in this setting in each stage of participation. Our results have implications for diversifying participation in open source software and understanding open source as a pathway to technical careers.
Impact of Social Distancing on Face To Face Meetups for Software Practitioners during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ingram Claire , Drachen Anders
Published: November 2022

Thousands of technology professionals attend in-person meetups each month in cities around the world. However, during the Covid-19 pandemic, social distancing requirements have forced meetups in many locations to operate exclusively virtual events for the first time. We surveyed participants (n=251) who attend technology meetup communities in the UK to find out how the pivot from in-person to virtual meetings has affected meetup communities. We gathered data about participants' experiences of virtual meetups and compared with in-person experiences. While in-person meetups are important venues for practitioners to network, learn, socialise, meet people and participate in discussions (enabling transfer of tacit knowledge), participants attend virtual meetings primarily for learning. Virtual meetups offer poor support for socialising, networking, discussion and transfer of tacit knowledge, However, they do offer learning opportunities via structured talks and content, and can rival in-person meetups when it comes to learning new skills like programming, keeping up to date with general technology developments and improving one's general practice. The low barrier to entry for virtual events improves accessibility for both speakers and participants. Our findings suggest that some meetups may benefit from considering how to incorporate virtual meeting formats into their schedules for the long-term.
Probing the Potential of Extended Reality to Connect Experts and Novices in the Garden
Authors: Maddali Hanuma Teja , Irlitti Andrew , Lazar Amanda
Published: November 2022

As extended reality (XR) systems become increasingly available, XR-based remote instruction is being adopted for diverse purposes in professional settings such as surgery and field servicing. Hobbyists have been well-studied in HCI and may similarly benefit from remote skill-sharing. However, little is known about how XR technologies might support expert-novice collaboration for skilled hobby activities. This paper examines the potential and limitations of XR to connect experts and novices for one such activity: gardening. Through two studies involving 27 expert and novice gardeners, we designed prototypes to understand 1) practitioner perceptions of XR and remote skill-sharing in the garden and 2) what kinds of interactions can be supported in XR for expert-novice groups. We discuss design opportunities and challenges for XR systems in supporting informal connecting interactions and meaningful sensory interactions with a remote environment during skill-sharing.
Revealing Cumulative Risks in Online Personal Information: A Data Narrative Study
Authors: Nicol Emma , Briggs Jo , Moncur Wendy , Htait Amal , Carey Daniel Paul , Azzopardi Leif , Schafer Burkhard
Published: November 2022

When pieces from an individual's personal information available online are connected over time and across multiple platforms, this more complete digital trace can give unintended insights into their life and opinions. In a data narrative interview study with 26 currently employed participants, we examined risks and harms to individuals and employers when others joined the dots between their online information. We discuss the themes of visibility and self-disclosure, unintentional information leakage and digital privacy literacies constructed from our analysis. We contribute insights not only into people's difficulties in recalling and conceptualising their digital traces but of subsequently envisioning how their online information may be combined, or (re)identified across their traces and address a current gap in research by showing that awareness is lacking around the potential for personal information to be correlated by and made coherent to/by others, posing risks to individuals, employers, and even the state. We touch on inequalities of privacy, freedom and legitimacy that exist for different groups with regard to what they make (or feel compelled to make) available online and we contribute to current methodological work on the use of sketching to support visual sense making in data narrative interviews. We conclude by discussing the need for interventions that support personal reflection on the potential visibility of combined digital traces to spotlight hidden vulnerabilities, and promote more proactive action about what is shared and not shared online.
Sleep Patterns and Sleep Alignment in Remote Teams during COVID-19
Authors: Breideband Thomas , Martinez Gonzalo J. , Talkad Sukumar Poorna , Caruso Megan , D'Mello Sidney , Striegel Aaron D. , Mark Gloria
Published: November 2022

Working remotely from home during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant shifts and disruptions in the personal and work lives of millions of information workers and their teams. We examined how sleep patterns---an important component of mental and physical health---relates to teamwork. We used wearable sensing and daily questionnaires to examine sleep patterns, affect, and perceptions of teamwork in 71 information workers from 22 teams over a ten-week period. Participants reported delays in sleep onset and offset as well as longer sleep duration during the pandemic. A similar shift was found in work schedules, though total work hours did not change significantly. Surprisingly, we found that more sleep was negatively related to positive affect, perceptions of teamwork, and perceptions of team productivity. However, a greater misalignment in the sleep patterns of members in a team predicted positive affect and teamwork after accounting for individual differences in sleep preferences. A follow-up analysis of exit interviews with participants revealed team-working conventions and collaborative mindsets as prominent themes that might help explain some of the ways that misalignment in sleep can affect teamwork. We discuss implications of sleep and sleep misalignment in work-from-home contexts with an eye towards leveraging sleep data to facilitate remote teamwork.
Six Feet Apart: Online Payments During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shaikh Omar , Ung Cassandra , Yang Diyi , Chacon Felipe A.
Published: November 2022

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, businesses have faced unprecedented challenges when trying to remain open. Because COVID-19 spreads through aerosolized droplets, businesses were forced to distance their services; in some cases, distancing may have involved moving business services online. In this work, we explore digitization strategies used by small businesses that remained open during the pandemic, and survey/interview small businesses owners to understand preliminary challenges associated with moving online. Furthermore, we analyze payments from 400K businesses across Japan, Australia, United States, Great Britain, and Canada. Following initial government interventions, we observe (at minimum for each country) a 47% increase in digitizing businesses compared to pre-pandemic levels, with about 80% of surveyed businesses digitizing in under a week. From both our quantitative models and our surveys/interviews, we find that businesses rapidly digitized at the start of the pandemic in preparation of future uncertainty. We also conduct a case-study of initial digitization in the United States, examining finer relationships between specific government interventions, business sectors, political orientation, and resulting digitization shifts. Finally, we discuss the implications of rapid & widespread digitization for small businesses in the context of usability challenges and interpersonal interactions, while highlighting potential shifts in pre-existing social norms.
Social Robots in Aged Care: Care Staff Experiences and Perspectives on Robot Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Coghlan Simon , Lederman Reeva , Waycott Jenny
Published: November 2022

Social robots have the potential to augment the care provided to older adults in residential aged care homes. However, social robots can only be valuable in aged care if care staff successfully incorporate them into their ongoing care practices beyond a limited research period. This study examines the benefits and challenges of using different types of social robots in real-world practices from care staff perspectives. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eleven staff members who have first-hand experience of employing robots in their work. Our findings highlight the entangled relationships among the actors in the older adult/carer/robot triad. We discuss the role of robots in supporting a mutually beneficial relationship between care staff and older adults, and how robopets and humanoid robots impact care staff in different ways. Finally, we offer recommendations for the future deployment of robots. We argue that sustainable deployment of robots in care practice might involve recognizing and promoting positive impacts for both human parties in the triad, and that the practice of using robots needs to align with the needs and interests of both caregivers and care recipients.
Depression at Work: Exploring Depression in Major US Companies from Online Reviews
Authors: Sen Indira , Quercia Daniele , Constantinides Marios , Montecchi Matteo , Capra Licia , Scepanovic Sanja , Bianchi Renzo
Published: November 2022

Studies on depression in the workplace have mostly investigated its impact on individual employees. Little is known about its association with the company as a whole, or the state where the company is based. This is due to the lack of scalable methodologies operationalizing depression in the specific context of the workplace, and of data documenting potential distress. In this work, we adapted a work-related depression scale called Occupational Depression Inventory (ODI), gathered more than 350K employee reviews of 104 major companies across the whole US for the (2008-2020) years, and developed a deep-learning framework (called AutoODI) scoring these reviews on a composite ODI score. Presence of ODI mentions manifested itself not only at micro-level (companies scoring high in ODI suffered from low stock growth) but also at macro-level (states hosting these companies were associated with high depression rates, talent shortage, and economic deprivation). This new way of applying AutoODI onto company reviews offers both theoretical implications for the literature in computational social science, occupational health and economic geography, and practical implications for companies and policy makers.
Ladange, Adange, Jeetange: The Farmers' Movement and Its Virtual Spaces
Authors: Gupta Paridhi , Petterson Adrian , Motla Divyani , Chandra Priyank
Published: November 2022

The farmers' movement began in November 2020, when more than 300,000 protesters marched towards New Delhi in India in opposition to new agrarian acts introduced by the Indian central government. Organised by over 400 farmers' unions along with other organisations, for the next year, farmers and allied protesters set up bases around New Delhi and sustained the movement leading to its eventual success. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with participants from the movement and explored the social organisation, the underlying technical infrastructures, and how collective action was organised. We outline how the social media ecosystem enabled hybrid forms of organisational structures and facilitated coalition-building between diverse groups. Further, the movement created and disseminated alternative media that opposed mainstream media narratives and facilitated community-building. We discuss how designed technologies and spaces can support social movements in the face of powerful antagonistic actors.
Magic Brush: An AI-based Service for Dementia Prevention focused on Intrinsic Motivation
Authors: Yang Migyeong , Lee Kyungha , Kim Eunji , Song Yeosol , Lee Sewang , Kang Jiwon , Han Jinyoung , Song Hayeon , Kim Taeeun
Published: November 2022

This study proposes Magic Brush, an AI-based application for dementia prevention targeting middle-aged individuals who may be at risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. In order to prevent dementia effectively at home, it is important to strengthen their intrinsic motivation. Promoting motivation is a critical issue in designing computerized cognitive therapy (CCT) for sustainability. Guided by self-determination theory, three main factors of intrinsic motivation were utilized as the main themes for the development: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Especially, we focused on demotivating factors of low competence which are commonly shared among the elderly and developed a magic brush function equipped with neural style transfer technology to help disconnect the link between low competence and demotivation. The user study (n=35) targeting individuals aged over 50 was conducted with both quantitative and qualitative methods. In general, users reported positive experiences with Magic Brush. The results of Structural Equation Modeling analysis showed that intrinsic motivation is an important contributor to the intention to use together with perceived usefulness. Intrinsic motivation can be promoted by AI therapist likability and perception of one's own performance. Discussion and implications are provided in relation to using AI technology to promote motivation.
Revisiting Piggyback Prototyping: Examining Benefits and Tradeoffs in Extending Existing Social Computing Systems
Authors: Epstein Daniel A. , Liu Fannie , Monroy-Hernández Andrés , Wang Dennis
Published: November 2022

The CSCW community has a history of designing, implementing, and evaluating novel social interactions in technology, but the process requires significant technical effort for uncertain value. We discuss the opportunities and applications of "piggyback prototyping", building and evaluating new ideas for social computing on top of existing ones, expanding on its potential to contribute design recommendations. Drawing on about 50 papers which use the method, we critically examine the intellectual and technical benefits it provides, such as ecological validity and leveraging well-tested features, as well as research-product and ethical tensions it imposes, such as limits to customization and violation of participant privacy. We discuss considerations for future researchers deciding whether to use piggyback prototyping and point to new research agendas which can reduce the burden of implementing the method.