bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism and Microstructural Changes in Avocado Pulp (Persea americana Mill.) After Scraped-Surface Heat Exchanger Processing
Authors: Valle-Gómez Amanda , Borja-Urby Raúl , Ortiz-Moreno Alicia , Téllez-Medina Darío Iker
Published: November 2024

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a fruit with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds, whose consumption has considerably increased in the USA and Europe. Thus, the conservation of the avocado mesocarp (pulp) has become more relevant. Avocado pulp was processed using a scraped-surface heat exchanger (SSHE) system to extend the shelf-life of the mesocarp. Through analysis with X-ray diffraction and HRTEM, it was possible to identify crystalline-type structures in the avocado pulp processed and stored at 4 °C. The 2θ-angles and d-spacing of the structures that reported the highest diffraction intensity are comparable to the polymorphs β′ reported in the literature for fatty acid mixtures processed under similar conditions. Furthermore, the X-ray signals suggest the presence of polymorphs α and β in all samples processed and stored at different temperatures. Calorimetry analysis showed curves with first-order phase changes as indicative of crystallization-type transitions. The shelf-life evaluation of the avocado pulp showed that the crystallization process minimized the losses of antioxidant capacity and prevented color change, while the enzyme polyphenol oxidase remained inactivated. The changes induced by the SSHE continuous processing applied might represent an alternative to obtaining avocado products that preserve avocado’s properties and extend its shelf-life.
Omega 3 Blends of Sunflower and Flaxseed Oil—Modeling Chemical Quality and Sensory Acceptability
Authors: Romanić Ranko , Lužaić Tanja , Pezo Lato , Radić Bojana , Kravić Snežana
Published: November 2024

Oil blending is increasingly utilized to improve and model the characteristics of enriched oils. This study aims to investigate the effect of blending refined sunflower oil (rich in essential omega 6 fatty acids) with cold-pressed flaxseed oil (a source of essential omega 3 fatty acids) on the fatty acid composition, quality, color, and sensory characteristics of the resulting oils. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the optimal fatty acid composition was achieved in the sample with 20% sunflower oil and 80% flaxseed oil (20S/80F). However, developing a new product is highly complex due to the importance of oil quality and sensory characteristics. Therefore, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was applied to optimize the proportions of flaxseed and sunflower oil to create an oil blend with improved nutritional, oxidative, and sensory characteristics compared to the individual oils. The ANN analysis determined the optimal composition of the oil blend to be 51.5% refined sunflower oil and 48.5% cold-pressed flaxseed oil. Sensory characteristics pose a particular challenge in optimization, as flaxseed oil, which increases essential omega 3 fatty acids, has a specific taste that is not widely favored by consumers. Nonetheless, by blending with refined sunflower oil, the resulting optimal blend (51.5% refined sunflower oil and 48.5% cold-pressed flaxseed oil) possesses pleasant sensory characteristics.
A Novel Normalized Quantitative Real-Time PCR Approach for Ensuring Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) Meat Authenticity in Game Meat Foods
Authors: Adenuga Bukola M. , Biltes Rita , Villa Caterina , Costa Joana , Spychaj Anita , Montowska Magdalena , Mafra Isabel
Published: November 2024

Roe deer meat is a prized game product in many European countries. However, concerns exist regarding the accuracy of the amount of declared roe deer in processed game meat foods. This study aimed to develop a reliable method for the detection and quantification of roe deer in commercialized game meat products. A TaqMan probe-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was designed, targeting a single-copy 120-bp region of the roe deer agouti signaling protein (ASIP) encoding gene. The method employed the normalized ∆Cq approach to establish a calibration curve for roe deer detection and quantification within 0.05–50% (w/w) in complex raw and processed matrices. The method proved to be specific for roe deer identification, achieving limits of detection and quantification of 0.04 ng of roe deer DNA and 0.05% (w/w) of roe deer in simulated pâté. Following validation with blind samples, highlighting the precision and trueness of the approach, the assay was applied to 46 market samples from four European origins (Poland, Portugal, France, and Spain). The analysis revealed significant discrepancies between declared roe deer content and actual levels in all roe deer labeled products. The global analysis of results, combining the previous survey on red deer species with present roe deer data, identified 61% of mislabeled/adulterated samples due to the absence of deer species, substitution of roe deer with red deer, substitution of fallow deer with other deer species and red deer with pork, and undeclared addition of roe deer. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed qPCR method for accurate roe deer meat authentication in foods, showing its usefulness as a tool for routine food inspection to ensure labeling compliance.
The Effects of Tree Shade on Vineyard Microclimate and Grape Production: A Novel Approach to Sun Radiation Modelling as a Response to Climate Change
Authors: Menezes Isilda Cunha , Santos Mário , Bugalho Lourdes , Pereira Mário Gonzalez
Published: November 2024

Climate change threatens established agricultural systems and production, driving the need for adaptation and mitigation strategies. Vitiforestry, an alternative cultivation system combining trees and shrubs in the vineyard, promotes environmental sustainability and offers a possible adaptation strategy to climate change. This work scrutinizes the impact of shading on vineyards using an Integrated Model of Vineyard Shading and Climate Adaptation (IMVSCA), supported by a system dynamics approach. This model estimates solar radiation and computes daily and annual trends of insolation, air temperature, and relative humidity to shading and its influence on vineyard growth stages. It also assesses the effects of shading-related extreme weather events and the occurrence of grapevine disease development driven by daily weather conditions and zoning adaptations. The pilot results depict the effects of tree shading on vineyards, namely the impacts of solar radiation and air temperature on vine phenology, pollination, pollen germination, fungal diseases, and the complimentary indicators of grape production and quality. Our modeling framework and findings suggest that vitiforestry could be an interesting climate change adaptation technique, providing a starting point for further studies in this scope.
Waterlogging Stability Identification: Ray-Based Model Application in Mining Areas with High Groundwater Levels—A Case Study of Huainan Coal Field
Authors: Sun Yueming , Zhao Yanling , Ren He , Li Zhibin , Tang Yanjie
Published: November 2024

Surface subsidence and water accumulation are common consequences of underground coal mining in areas with high groundwater levels, leading to waterlogged zones. Predicting the stability of these subsidence-induced water bodies is critical for effective land reclamation, yet current methods remain inadequate, particularly when mining data are limited. This study addresses this gap by introducing a new approach to evaluate the stability of subsidence waterlogging zones. We developed a novel method based on the ray model to assess waterlogging stability in coal mining areas. Rays were cast from origins at 1° intervals to measure changes in water accumulation boundaries over time, using metrics like the Expansion Ratio Index and stability duration. The proposed method was applied to the Huainan coal field, a typical mining area with high groundwater levels in China. We studied 41 subsidence water patches, selecting ray origins for each patch and constructing a total of 14,760 rays at 1° intervals. (2) Out of all effective rays, 4250 (32.6%) were identified as stable. (3) Stability analysis classified 32.6% as “stable”, 66.4% as “observation required”, and 1.6% as “expanding.” Specific reclamation suggestions include filling shallow stable areas and developing permanent projects in larger stable zones.
Sense of Community and the Bears Ears National Monument
Authors: Cope Michael R. , Mueller Jaimi , Ward Carol , Sanders Scott R. , Long-Meek Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

This paper used the communities bordering the Bears Ears National Monument, located in rural Southeastern Utah, USA, as a case study to better understand the impact that potential changes in land management have on gateway communities. Our case study is concerned with capturing changes in the sense of community based on discussions concerning potential changes to the community. We employ “psychological sense of community” measures to assess the effect on community residents. Survey data from three gateway communities are modeled using bivariate regressions and ordinary least squares regressions with control variables to assess the four components of PSC against opposition to the proposed changes to the Bears Ears National Monument. We find that potential changes to the land designation significantly affect the respondents’ psychological sense of community. Because public protected areas and gateway communities are linked socioeconomically, environmentally, and culturally, changes in land designations can significantly impact those who live there.
Combined Effects of Forest Conservation and Population Resettlement on the Ecological Restoration of Qilian Mountain National Park
Authors: Wang Xi , Lopez-Carr David , Zhou Liang
Published: November 2024

The combined pressures of climate change and human activities have exacerbated ecological risks in fragile and sensitive areas. Assessing the ecological restoration status of key nature reserves and developing a new conservation and development framework are fundamental for achieving ecological civilization and enhancing sustainability. As an ecological security barrier in the northwestern alpine region, Qilian Mountain National Park (QMNP), is of great significance for maintaining the sustainable ecological environment of western China. By measuring changes in ecological land use and monitoring key vegetation indicator trends in QMNP, we constructed the Regional Ecological Resilience Indicator (RERI) and proposed a new restoration and restoration framework. The results show that: (1) the ecological land restoration in QMNP was remarkable, with a total of 721.76 km2 of non-ecological land converted to ecological land, representing a 1.44% increase. Forest restoration covered 110 km2, primarily made up of previously unused land from 2000 to 2020. (2) The average NDVI value increased by 0.025. Regions showing productivity growth (NPP) accounted for 51.82% of the total area from 2000 to 2020. The four typical eco-migration zones reduced the building profile area by 47.72% between 2015 and 2019. The distribution of high Composite Vegetation Index (CFI) values overlapped with concentrated forest restoration areas, revealing two main restoration models: forest conservation and population relocation. (3) RERI calculations divided the park into three ecological zones, Priority Conservation Area (PCA), Optimization and Enhancement Area (OEA), and Concerted Development Area (CDA), leading to the proposal of an ecological restoration and development framework for QMNP, characterized by “three zones, two horizontal axes, and one vertical axis”. Our findings contribute to strengthening the ecological security barrier in northwestern China; they offer new insights for the long-term, stable improvement of the ecological environment in QMNP and in other critical protected area systems globally.
“Pasture Not Pavements”: Governmental Planning Failure and the Slow Death of Melbourne’s Green Belt
Authors: Buxton Michael , Mercer David
Published: November 2024

Extensive literature on peri-urban issues has paid only occasional attention to the details of spatial planning systems and their impacts on peri-urban natural resources. This paper investigates the relationships between a deregulated land use planning system and declining natural resource and agricultural values in the peri-urban area of Melbourne, in the state of Victoria, Australia. This paper uses a case study area consisting of Melbourne’s green belt and an outer peri-urban area northeast of Melbourne, concentrating on the effectiveness of an urban growth boundary and controls over land uses. A document analysis was undertaken on the provisions of the land use planning system, supporting documents, urban and peri-urban development, land ownership, land uses, and natural resources in the case study area. Threats from urban and rural–residential development, land fragmentation, and land development were identified, and the impacts of the planning system on current and future land uses were analysed. Particular reference was given to the debate on the concept of multi-functional land uses. This paper investigates the likely impacts of peri-urban development and the spatial planning framework on a range of sectors, particularly agricultural production, biodiversity, and landscapes, and highlights the failure of the spatial planning system to protect remnant peri-urban natural resources from increasing threats.
Viability and Motility of Escherichia coli Under Elevated Martian Salt Stresses
Authors: Riekeles Max , Santos Berke , Youssef Sherif Al-Morssy , Schulze-Makuch Dirk
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effects of three Martian-relevant salts—sodium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, and sodium chloride—on the viability and motility of Escherichia coli, a model organism for understanding microbial responses to environmental stress. These salts are abundant on Mars and play a crucial role in forming brines, one of the few sources of stable liquid water on the planet. We analyze the survivability under different salt concentrations using colony plating. Additionally, we perform a semi-automated motility analysis, analyzing microbial speeds and motility patterns. Our results show that sodium perchlorate is the most toxic, followed by sodium chlorate, with sodium chloride being the least harmful. Both survivability and motility are affected by salt concentration and exposure time. Notably, we observe a short-lived increase in motility at certain concentrations, particularly under sodium chlorate and sodium perchlorate stress, despite rapid declines in cell viability, suggesting a stress response mechanism. Given that motility might enhance an organism’s ability to navigate harsh and variable environments, it holds promise as a key biosignature in the search for life on Mars.
Steel Catenary Riser Fatigue Assessment: Fracture Mechanics Approach Versus S–N Curve Method
Authors: Zhang Niantao , Deng Caiyan , Zhang Wenqiang , Li Siyuan , Gong Baoming
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the fatigue resistance of a full-scale Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) girth weld is investigated using the Strength–Number of cycles (S–N) curve method based on weld formation quality and fracture mechanics approaches. The test results, presented in the form of S–N curves, are superior to the design curve E in BS 7608. Compared with the S–N curve determined by a resonant bending rig, the analytical fracture mechanics, i.e., engineering critical assessment (ECA) based on BS 7910, can provide a rational estimation of full-scale girth welds. For the numerical methods, the short crack growth phase is crucial to improving the accuracy and reliability of the assessment. For the girth weld with a concave root, the geometries of the weld cap are the predominant factors for fatigue life. Although the crack initiation site is always located at the outer surface regardless of the flushed or welded caps, the weld grinding treatment is still effective in promoting fatigue life.
Dynamics and Chaos Intensity Analysis of Under-Actuated Mechanism by Uniformity and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Li Hui , Shu Yang , Gu Yongping , Xiang Wuye , Zhang Feng
Published: November 2024

Generally, nonlinear systems have dynamic uncertainties, and under certain conditions, the systems exhibit different chaos intensities. Therefore, it is an important consideration for designers to realize the suppression and enhancement of chaos intensity under nonlinear factors according to the actual situation, but there are few research results on this problem. To investigate the dynamic performance and chaotic intensity of a nonlinear mechanism, a planar closed-chain under-actuated mechanism, which has not been extensively studied before, is taken as an example. It is worth noting that a small change in the parameters of a nonlinear system will cause a large change in the motion state of the system and even the mutual transformation between chaotic phenomena and periodic phenomena. To solve this problem, uniformity is used to evaluate the chaos intensity of the system. Finally, based on uniformity, the particle swarm optimization algorithm successfully achieves the suppression and enhancement of the chaos intensity of the closed-chain under-actuated five-bar mechanism by optimizing its linkage length and driving speed, and the results are verified by the experimental platform.
CLDP-pFedAvg: Safeguarding Client Data Privacy in Personalized Federated Averaging
Authors: Shen Wenquan , Wu Shuhui , Tao Yuanhong
Published: November 2024

The personalized federated averaging algorithm integrates a federated averaging approach with a model-agnostic meta-learning technique. In real-world heterogeneous scenarios, it is essential to implement additional privacy protection techniques for personalized federated learning. We propose a novel differentially private federated meta-learning scheme, CLDP-pFedAvg, which achieves client-level differential privacy guarantees for federated learning involving large heterogeneous clients. The client-level differentially private meta-based FedAvg algorithm enables clients to upload local model parameters for aggregation securely. Furthermore, we provide a convergence analysis of the clipping-enabled differentially private meta-based FedAvg algorithm. The proposed strategy is evaluated across various datasets, and the findings indicate that our approach offers improved privacy protection while maintaining model accuracy.
Enhancing Comminution Process Modeling in Mineral Processing: A Conjoint Analysis Approach for Implementing Neural Networks with Limited Data
Authors: Moraga Carlos , Astudillo César A. , Estay Rodrigo , Maranek Alicia
Published: November 2024

Mineral processing is a crucial stage in the mining process, involving comminution and concentration stages. Comminution is modeled using various ore variables and operational parameters, representing a complex system. An alternative to simplifying the complexity of these stages is adopting machine learning (ML) techniques; however, ML often requires a substantial amount of data for effective training and validation. The conjoint analysis methodology was used to develop a procedure for discretizing input variables and reducing the data needed for training neural networks, requiring only 77 different scenarios. Using the results from a comminution plant simulator built in Matlab Simulink, neural networks were trained to predict the key output parameters, such as the water consumption, energy consumption, operational parameters, and particle size generated by the plant. The predictive capability of the neural networks was excellent, achieving R2 > 0.99 in all cases. The networks were tested with a new set of scenarios to assess their response to values not categorized in the discretization process, achieving R2 > 0.98. However, the prediction capability was lost for out-of-range input variables. This approach is attractive for developing easy-to-implement ML tools capable of representing complex systems without needing large amounts of input data, thereby simplifying the modeling process in mineral processing.
Pyrolysis of Hydrothermal Sewage Sludge and Food Waste Digestate for Heavy Metals Stabilization and Ecological Risk Reduction
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Ruming , Zhang Guangyi
Published: November 2024

The application of municipal sewage sludge is often limited by concerns over heavy metal (HM) safety. This study explored the reduction of HM content in hydrothermal sewage sludge (HTS) through co-pyrolysis with food waste digestate (FD), aiming to lower ecological risks in the produced biochar. Results indicated that FD addition effectively lowered HM concentrations in biochar, mainly via dilution effect. Moreover, increased pyrolysis temperatures and FD addition promoted the stabilization of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb. Notably, a 50% FD mix significantly increased the proportion of HMs in the residual fraction of Ni (75.66%), Cu (71.66%), Zn (98.13%), and Cd (58.14%) compared to solo pyrolysis at 700 °C. Consequently, the potential ecological risk index significantly dropped from 47.86 to 26.29. Biochar created under optimal conditions (700 °C with a 50% FD ratio) showcased improved application prospects due to reduced bioavailability, thus diminishing HM-related ecological dangers.
Effects of Surface Treatment on Adhesive Performance of Composite-to-Composite and Composite-to-Metal Joints
Authors: Paranjpe Nikhil , Uddin Md. Nizam , Rahman Akm Samsur , Asmatulu Ramazan
Published: November 2024

This study deals with the long-running challenge of joining similar and dissimilar materials using composite-to-composite and composite-to-metal joints. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of surface morphology and surface treatments on the mechanical performance of adhesively bonded joints used for the aircraft industry. A two-segment, commercially available, toughened epoxy was chosen as the adhesive. Unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg and aluminum 2021-T3 alloys were chosen for the composite and metal panels, respectively. Surface treatment of the metal included corrosion elimination followed by a passive surface coating of Alodine®. A combination of surface treatment methods was used for the composite and metal specimens, including detergent cleaning, plasma exposure, and sandblasting. The shear strength of the single-lap adhesive joint was evaluated according to the ASTM D1002. Ultraviolet (UV) and plasma exposure effects were studied by measuring the water contact angles. The test results showed that the aluminum adherent treated with sandblasting, detergent, and UV irradiation resulted in the strongest adhesive bonding of the composite-to-composite panels, while the composite-to-metal sample cleaned only with detergent resulted in the least bonding strength. The failure strain of the composite-to-composite bonding was reduced by approximately 50% with only sandblasting. However, extended treatment did not introduce additional brittleness in the adhesive joint. The bonding strength of the composite-to-composite panel improved by approximately 35% with plasma treatment alone because of the better surface functionalization and bonding strength. In the composite-to-aluminum bonding process, exposing the aluminum surface to UV resulted in 30% more joint strength compared to the Alodine® coating, which suggests the origination of higher orders of magnitude of covalent groups from the surface. A comparison with published results found that the joint strengths in both similar and dissimilar specimens are higher than most other results. Detailed observations and surface analysis studies showed that the composite-to-composite bonding mainly failed due to adhesive and cohesive failures; however, failure of the composite-to-aluminum bonding was heterogeneous, where adhesive failure occurred on the aluminum side and substrate failure occurred on the composite side.
Peer-to-Peer Transactive Energy Trading of Smart Homes/Buildings Contributed by A Cloud Energy Storage System
Authors: Hussein Shalau Farhad , Golshannavaz Sajjad , Li Zhiyi
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a model for transactive energy management within microgrids (MGs) that include smart homes and buildings. The model focuses on peer-to-peer (P2P) transactive energy management among these homes, establishing a collaborative use of a cloud energy storage system (CESS) to reduce daily energy costs for both smart homes and MGs. This research assesses how smart homes and buildings can effectively utilize CESS while implementing P2P transactive energy management. Additionally, it explores the potential of a solar rooftop parking lot facility that offers charging and discharging services for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) within the MG. Controllable and non-controllable appliances, along with air conditioning (AC) systems, are managed by a home energy management (HEM) system to optimize energy interactions within daily scheduling. A linear mathematical framework is developed across three scenarios and solved using General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS 24.1.2) software for optimization. The developed model investigates the operational impacts and optimization opportunities of CESS within smart homes and MGs. It also develops a transactive energy framework in a P2P energy trading market embedded with CESS and analyzes the cost-effectiveness and arbitrage driven by CESS integration. The results of the comparative analysis reveal that integrating CESS within the P2P transactive framework not only opens up further technical opportunities but also significantly reduces MG energy costs from $55.01 to $48.64, achieving an 11.57% improvement. Results are further discussed.
Anomaly Detection Utilizing One-Class Classification—A Machine Learning Approach for the Analysis of Plant Fast Fluorescence Kinetics
Authors: Tran Nam Trung
Published: November 2024

The analysis of fast fluorescence kinetics, specifically through the JIP test, is a valuable tool for identifying and characterizing plant stress. However, interpreting OJIP data requires a comprehensive understanding of their underlying theory. This study proposes a Machine Learning-based approach using a One-Class Support Vector Machine anomaly detection model to effectively categorize OJIP measurements into “normal”, representing healthy plants, and “anomalies”. This approach was validated using a previously published dataset. A subgroup of the identified “anomalies” was clearly linked to stress-induced reductions in photosynthesis. Furthermore, the percentage of these “anomalies” showed a meaningful correlation with both the progression and severity of stress. The results highlight the still largely unexploited potential of Machine Learning in OJIP analysis.
Geospatial Variation in Vaccination Coverage and Zero-Dose Prevalence at the District, Ward and Health Facility Levels Before and After a Measles Vaccination Campaign in Nigeria
Authors: Utazi C. Edson , Olowe Iyanuloluwa D. , Chan H. M. Theophilus , Dotse-Gborgbortsi Winfred , Wagai John , Umar Jamila A. , Etamesor Sulaiman , Atuhaire Brian , Fafunmi Biyi , Crawford Jessica , Adeniran Adeyemi , Tatem Andrew J.
Published: November 2024

Many measles endemic countries with suboptimal coverage levels still rely on vaccination campaigns to fill immunity gaps and boost control efforts. Depending on local epidemiological patterns, national or targeted campaigns are implemented, following which post-campaign coverage surveys (PCCSs) are conducted to evaluate their performance, particularly in terms of reaching previously unvaccinated children. Due to limited resources, PCCS surveys are designed to be representative at coarse spatial scales, often masking important heterogeneities in coverage that could enhance the identification of areas of poor performance for follow-up via routine immunization strategies. Here, we undertake geospatial analyses of the 2021 measles PCCS in Nigeria to map indicators of coverage measuring the individual and combined performance of the campaign and routine immunization (RI) at 1 × 1 km resolution and the ward and district levels in 13 states. Using additional geospatial datasets, we also produced estimates of numbers of unvaccinated children during the campaign and numbers of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) zero-dose children before and after the campaign at these levels and within health facility catchment areas. Our study revealed that although the campaign reduced the numbers of MCV zero-dose children in all the districts, areas of suboptimal campaign and RI performance with considerable numbers of zero-dose children remained. Our analyses further identified wards and health facility catchment areas with higher numbers of unvaccinated children within these areas. Our outputs provide a robust evidence base to plan and implement follow-up RI strategies and to guide future campaigns at flexible and operationally relevant spatial scales.
Efficiency Improvements of Solar Collectors by Turbulence Promoters
Authors: Lahcene Abdelkader , Benamara Nabil , Benguediab Mohamed , Benazza Abdelilah
Published: November 2024

Due to their sustainability and availability, solar thermal collectors are frequently employed to heat homes. This technique has the advantage of being non-polluting and efficient. The poor thermal efficiency of classic solar air heaters is caused by the low convective heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and the circulating fluid. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal configuration of flow disruptors - including their shape, size and distribution - in order to streamline the efficiency of the solar collector while maintaining affordable costs.
Contractus Mohatrae ve Fıkıhtaki Îne Satışıyla İlişkisi
Authors: Gökgöz Yasin
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışma, Orta Çağ kanon/kilise hukukunda “contractus mohatrae” adıyla bilinen ve satış görüntüsü altında tefecilik işlemini mümkün kılan, ancak kilise tarafından yasaklanmış bir sözleşme türüne odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca bu sözleşmenin Roma hukukundaki kaynağı olarak gösterilen mesele ile İslam hukukundaki îne satışı ile aynı olup olmadığı iddiası araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, “contractus mohatrae” teriminin kilise hukukunda ve genel olarak Orta Çağ edebiyatında tam olarak neyi ifade etmek için kullanıldığı, sözleşmenin Klasik Dönem Roma hukukuyla bağlantısı, “mohatra” kelimesinin kökeni ve fıkıhtaki karşılığının ne olabileceği, muhâtara ifadesinin fıkıhta kullanıldığı anlamlar ve sözleşmenin îne satışıyla ilişkisi gibi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Son olarak îne satışının erken dönem İslam kaynaklarında ve fıkıh literatüründe neye karşılık geldiği incelenecektir. Ayrıca, îne satışının erken dönem İslam kaynaklarındaki yeri ve fıkıh literatüründe neyi ifade ettiği incelenecektir.
Impacto da realidade virtual e real na recuperação pós-AVC da destreza e força muscular
Authors: Ribeiro Heloísa Rocha Reverte Siqueira , Da Silva Carvalho Maria Vitória , Almeida Sassi Larissa , Santana Koga Karen Ayumi , Zamberlan Ferreira Natália
Published: November 2024

Introdução. Pacientes pós-acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), apresentam disfunções nos membros superiores (MMSS), e consequentemente perdas funcionais que afetam a força e destreza manual. Intervenções baseadas na realidade virtual contribuem para o tratamento e motivação dos pacientes durante o processo de reabilitação e as atividades reais enfatizam tarefas realizadas de maneira similar à realidade virtual no âmbito real. Objetivo. Verificar o impacto da realidade virtual e real na destreza manual e força de membros superiores em indivíduos pós-AVC. Método. Estudo longitudinal, composto por 12 indivíduos pós-AVC, de ambos os sexos, idade superior a 18 anos, randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo Realidade Virtual (GRV) submetidos a intervenção com o MoveHero® e o Basquetebol KID® e Grupo Atividade Real (GAR) com cicloergômetro, basquete e jogo com balão. Foi realizado uma avaliação pré- e pós-intervenção de força de preensão manual (FPM) e o teste da caixa e blocos (TCB), assim o protocolo de intervenção se dividiu em 6 sessões, totalizando 3 semanas. Resultados. Houve diferenças significantes na FPM (p=0,002) e TCB (p=0,01) no membro superior (MS) com hemiparesia do GRV. No TCB do GAR houve melhora em ambos os MMSS, com valor de p=0,001 no MS com hemiparesia e p=0,04 no MS sem hemiparesia. Conclusão. Deste modo, a realidade virtual utilizada nessa pesquisa impactou na destreza manual e força muscular dos MMSS, enquanto as atividades reais produziram melhora apenas na destreza manual.
Novel Biomarkers and Imaging Tests for Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Mistry Kavita , Sadarangani Sagar , Moreno Daiana , Mejia Sherley M. , Moledina Dennis G. , Sise Meghan E.
Published: November 2024

The lack of noninvasive urine and blood-based biomarkers for the diagnosis of AKI in patients with cancer is an area of significant unmet clinical need. Traditional noninvasive diagnostic tools that are currently used in the clinic, such as creatinine and cystatin C–based eGFR measurements, urinalysis, urine sediment examination, urine protein quantification, and urine electrolyte measurement, lack the sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between the various underlying etiologies of AKI in patients with cancer. Imaging-based diagnostics can be helpful to rule out urinary obstruction, but also lack sensitivity and specificity to diagnose the etiology of AKI. Kidney biopsy is often required for definitive diagnosis. As our scientific understanding of the biological pathways that are dysregulated in AKI has advanced, there has been considerable interest in developing new biomarkers for AKI. For example, the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis, which can occur in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, promises to be revolutionized by the incorporation of urinary testing for inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-X-C motif ligand 9, TNF-α, and IL-9. In the case of cisplatin administration, biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 may improve prognostication, differentiating between persistent AKI resulting from acute tubular injury versus prerenal azotemia. The development and validation of blood, urine, and imaging biomarkers into widely used diagnostic tests will require a concerted effort, but could improve diagnosis, management, and prognostication for a growing group of patients who are at high risk of developing AKI during the course of their illness.
NATO STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS: CURRENT STATUS AND PROBLEMS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Yeroshyn A.
Published: November 2024

Achievement of government strategic goals requires modernization of public administration and communication with target audiences. Increasing efficiency in this area can be achieved by sending a signal from the government to explain the strategic purpose and stakeholder involvement. The form of this signal can be considered strategic communications. This article describes the key features of NATO modern strategic communications. The nature and definition of the concept of strategic communications are outlined. Scientific literature dedicated to this problem is reviewed. Special attention is paid to the current definition of the role and function of strategic communications in hybrid wars and information confrontation during the international military and political conflict in Ukraine. Summarizing the highlighted peculiarities of NATO strategic communications, recommendations on their better performance are given. In global confrontation between liberal democracies and autocracies, existential challenges for international and European security, during the unprovoked and illegal aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the question of revealing the essence and functional role of modern NATO strategic communications has significant scientific interest and research potential. This issue is gaining particular importance in the context of deepening geopolitical confrontation between the Russian Federation and Europe and the USA in the media, political and economic spheres. The author concludes that current strategic communications are one of the key means of combating informational and psychological intervention in modern hybrid and information war, They have become a common phenomenon in the 21st century, yet largely understudied and require additional scientific scrutiny. In general, we can state that NATO as a world-class organization is in crisis due to Russian aggression against Ukraine and the growing probability of an armed conflict with the Russian Federation on the eastern flank of the Alliance. Among other things, to overcome this challenge, the Alliance needs to work on mistakes in strategic communications. After all, it will be impossible to get NATO out of the crisis without such an effective tool as a strategic committee. Keywords: international diplomacy, strategic communications, hybrid warfare, information influence, NATO
WAR IN SUDAN AS AN ARENA FOR GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE
Authors:   Lviv Politechnic National University, Buchyn M. , Dvorianyn A. ,   Lviv Politechnic National University
Published: November 2024

The article examines the problem of the military conflict in Sudan in 2023-2024. The main interests that led to the presence of the Russian Federation in Sudan are disclosed: obtaining significant profits from mining and selling gold; interest in the construction of a Russian naval base on the territory of Sudan; the desire to increase its geopolitical influence on the African continent. Features of involvement and the role of fighters of the Russian private military company Wagner in Sudan military conflict are shown. In particular, attention is focused on the following forms of military support by the Russian Federation of Rapid Support Forces: training of Sudanese rebels by fighters of the Russian private military company Wagner; direct supplies of weapons to the Rapid Support Forces; direct participation of Russian mercenaries in battles against Sudanese government forces, etc. Peculiarities of involvement of Ukrainian servicemen in the military conflict in Sudan are studied. The main reasons for Ukraine's participation in the military conflict in Sudan are revealed: a direct request to Ukraine for help from the head of Sudan A. Burhan; the desire to oppose the spread of Russian influence in Sudan; the desire to reduce the opportunities of the Russian Federation to make profitrs from mining and selling gold on the territory of Sudan; interest in the supply of weapons from Sudan, etc. Features of Ukraine's participation in the military conflict in Sudan are shown: training the government army to opposer rebels and Russian mercenaries, in particular, by using drones; direct participation in combat operation against Russian mercenaries and Rapid Support Forces; providing food aid to Sudan, etc. It is emphasized that the activities of the Ukrainian special services in Sudan led to government troops seizing the initiative on the battlefield and achieving certain military victories. Keywords: military conflict, Sudan, Russian Federation, Ukraine, geopolitical struggle, Russian mercenaries, Ukrainian special services.
دور أوقاف مؤسسات التعليم العالي في تمويل الأبحاث العلمية: تجربة جامعة هارفرد خلال الفترة (2012-2021) والدروس المستفادة
Authors: Bounihi Meriem
Published: November 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور أوقاف مؤسسات التعليم العالي في تمويل الأبحاث العلمية بشكل عام مع عرض تجربة "جامعة هارفرد" الأمريكية خلال الفترة (2012-2021) والأساليب التي انتهجتها لاستقطاب أموال الوقف، بالإضافة إلى الدروس المستفادة من هذه التجربة.  تشير أهم النتائج إلى أن الأوقاف تمثل مصدر دائم لتمويل الأبحاث العلمية في "جامعة هارفرد"، حيث تعتمد هذه الأخيرة على عدة طرق وأساليب من أجل استقطاب أموال الوقف، كاستخدام الموقع الإلكتروني للجامعة لطلب الدعم المادي، الشفافية والإفصاح حول تطور أموال الأوقاف والهبات التي تتلقاها، توفير طرق سهلة وبسيطة لتسهيل عملية التبرع عن طريق الدفع الإلكتروني، وكذا التركيز على الجانب البيئي والاستدامة لجذب أكير عدد من المتبرعين.
The Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on profitability: case study of companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange during the years (2019 – 2020)
Authors: Al-Adwan Ashraf , Al-Shaer Basel
Published: November 2024

The Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) is a major financial institution in Jordan, and the pandemic is likely to have had an impact on the profitability of companies listed on the ASE. This study aims to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the profitability of companies listed on the ASE during the years 2019-2020.
The study will analyze the impact of the pandemic on various financial indicators such as net profit, revenue, and operating income. This study also depended on analyzing the recommendations of previous research that’s been done on the same topic which were published in scientific journals during 2019-2022.
The findings of this study provide insights into the impact of the Covid-19 on the profitability of companies listed on the ASE. The results showcase that many companies were indeed affected by the pandemic, and other companies managed to minimize the side effects and survive this crisis.
تجربة الإصلاحات الاقتصادية في تركيا" دراسة تحليلية"
Authors: BEN KHEIRA Tahar
Published: November 2024

تعتبر التجربة التركية من التجارب الناجحة في الإصلاحات الاقتصادية، ومن ثمارها ان نقلت تركيا نقلة نوعية في مسار التقدم والاستقرار الاقتصادي، حيث أصبح الاقتصاد التركي من بين اقوى الاقتصاديات في العالم، والى عهد قريب كان الاقتصاد التركي قبل سنة 2002 يعاني من اختلالات داخلية وخارجية، أهمها انخفاض الناتج القومي وارتفاع الدين الخارجي وارتفاع معدلات الفقر والبطالة والتضخم وانخفاض الدخل الفردي وعجز الميزان التجاري وميزان المدفوعات، بالإضافة إلى الظروف السياسية والإقليمية، ساهمت هذه العوامل في فشل الإصلاحات الاقتصادية المتعددة، التي طبقت في تركيا. وسنحاول في هذه الورقة البحثية استقراء التجربة التركية والسياسات الإصلاحية التي تبنتها تركيا وطبقتها ونجحت في تحقيق اهم الأهداف التي سطرتها، ثم إبراز عوامل وأسباب نجاح النموذج التركي في تجسيد الإصلاحات الاقتصادية.
استخدام النموذج الشبكات العصبية الاصطناعية للتنبؤ بإستهلاك الطاقة الكهربائية في الجزائر
Authors: SARI-HASSOUN Salaheddine , NAMANE Mohamed Abdeldjalil , MALIOUI Abdelghani
Published: November 2024

تعتبر الطاقة بشكل عام من أهم العناصر الأساسية للاقتصاديات العالمية وتصنف كعنصر استراتيجي للتنمية الاقتصادية، اذ أظهرت الأحداث الأخيرة وبالخصوص (الحرب الروسية الأكرانية) وهذا ما يدل على أهمية هذا المورد الأساسي. في هذه الدراسة تطرقنا إلى دراسة التنبؤ بإستهلاك الطاقة الكهربائية في الجزائر خلال الفترة 1980 إلى 2022 باستخدام الشبكات العصبية الاصطناعية. تم تطرق الى منهجية ذه الطريقة ومرحلة التشخيص وبعدها تم اختيار النموذج الشبكات العصبية الاصطناعية متعددة الطبقات (MLP) تم التوصل إلى أن النموذج الأفضل هو MLP 3-1-1 والقيم المتنبأ بها لسنة 2023 هي 76,83 مليار TWh وشهدت زيادة استهلاك الطاقة بنسبة 3.434% في سنة 2024 بقيمة 79,47 مليار TWh
Theoretical Foundations of the New Geographic and Territorial Economy
Authors: Louadj Mounir , Kirat Souhila
Published: November 2024

Space in economic analysis has gone from a marginal vision to a general recognition, with the principle that no economic phenomena exist without a specific relationship to territories, regions, and rural areas. The study aims to demonstrate the shift in the economy from land and raw materials and the logistics of means of transport that have emptied certain territories to an immaterial economy that provides territories with a new future.
Philipe Aydalot emphasized the foundations of a new approach to the "territorial economy" through the concept of an innovative environment: in a word. This territorial environment promotes collective learning processes among local actors. Using this historical method, we demonstrate that development is no longer conceived as the result of a simple process of spatial diffusion of new technologies but a process of adaptation and creative adoption by local production systems that incorporate them according to their needs and culture.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Digital Marketing: Insights from SHEIN for VMS Industry
Authors: KHERBACHI Sonia , BENKHIDER Naima , KEDDARI Nassim
Published: November 2024

In the current global landscape, where technology-driven data penetration is the hardcore of digital marketing, Artificial Intelligence has gained paramount importance. This paper explores artificial intelligence applied to digital marketing practices through associated technologies. Through qualitative and quantitative approaches, we aim to propose research directions addressing AI challenges firms encounter in marketing. A qualitative interview with VMS Industry’s marketing manager and a quantitative analysis of Hugging Face’s implementation in SHEIN’s marketing activities were conducted. The results have revealed that using Artificial Intelligence fundamentally redefines how firms’ approach and succeed in their digital marketing practices. SHEIN’s experience in integrating artificial intelligence into its marketing practices could be an emerging solution for gaining visibility on the web. For the VMS Industry, the results have confirmed that Artificial Intelligence’s selective and targeted use in personalizing interactions with customers and creating visual and textual content is optimized.
The Alphabets of Arabic Letters between Translation Arabization and Science Fiction
Authors: Rawad Alhashmi
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the importance of developing the Arabic scientific language to keep pace with technological progress through the reliance on the creative power of science fiction in creating new innovations supported by translation and Arabization. In addition, patents and naming in Arabic are important steps for the growth of Arabic language in the age of technology. Despite the lack of innovations in the Arab world and the great reliance on Western technology, investing in science fiction and imagining sophisticated innovations along with supporting scientific research can help in providing the necessary resources to advance the growth of Arabic language. Thus, science fiction plays a significant role in the development of the scientific Arabic language, insofar as the genre is not limited to imagining travel through the time machine, but rather it is a medium to compete with time by inventing what can be imagined in the future in the present, far from speculation and myths. Therefore, the link between science fiction and Arabic scientific language must be treated—not as a fictional station, but rather, as a key in promoting the scientific Arabic language and its growth, insofar as it is the wing that will pursue progress in the global space. In this paper, I aim to stimulate scholarly discussions about promoting Arabic language as a vital means for inventing cutting-edge innovations through relying on science fiction along with the role of translation and the Arabization thereof.
Takfir and takfirism The origins and consequences
Authors: Charafi Brahim
Published: November 2024

The article explores the historical roots of Takfirism, a radical movement in contemporary Islam and its evolution through the decades. It examines the ideological foundations of takfirism, highlighting its rigid interpretation of religion and its use of takfir (excommunication) to justify violence against Muslims considered heretics. The analysis also covers the expansion of takfirism, from its beginnings in the jihadist movements of the 1970 and 1980 to its current influence on global terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda and Daesh. Finally.
 the article explores contemporary challenges posed by takfirism, including its spread via social media and its ability to attract radicalized young followers. By understanding the origins and developments of this phenomenon, it becomes possible to develop effective strategies to counter its spread and promote a more moderate and tolerant religious discourse.