bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surdez e letramento: pesquisa com surdos universitários de Curitiba e Florianópolis
Authors: Guarinello Ana Cristina , Berberian Ana Paula , Santana Ana Paula de Oliveira , Bortolozzi Kyrlian Bartira , Schemberg Simone , Figueiredo Luciana Cabral
Published: June 2009

Objetivamos com essa pesquisa apresentar aspectos que caracterizam as condições de letramento de surdos estudantes universitários, investigando o desempenho desses surdos em atividades de leitura e de escrita. Participaram dessa pesquisa vinte surdos Universitários. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos: um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas a partir do qual foram coletadas informações sobre as práticas de leitura e de escrita vivenciadas cotidianamente pelos sujeitos da pesquisa e seis textos formulados em diferentes gêneros textuais, os quais os sujeitos deveriam ler e formular respostas acerca de seus conteúdos Percebe-se por meio da análise que as condições de letramento de cada sujeito têm uma correlação direta com as práticas de linguagem vivenciadas em seus contextos de vida. Conclusões: no contexto da surdez, ainda contamos com leitores e escritores que apresentam grande dificuldade no processo de interpretação e produção textual de gêneros secundários. Esse estudo aponta, assim, a importância de um trabalho de letramento desde a escola fundamental até a universidade que envolva práticas nos mais diversos tipos de gêneros.
Competitividade e sustentabilidade de um cluster de turismo: uma proposta de modelo sistêmico de medida do impacto do turismo no desenvolvimento local
Authors: Cunha Sieglinde Kindl da , Cunha João Carlos da
Published: June 2009

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de medida de impactos de um cluster turístico no desenvolvimento local, com o objetivo de avaliar, de forma sistêmica, o grau de interação, competitividade e sustentabilidade do cluster turístico e seus impactos em termos econômicos, sociais e ambientais. O modelo tem como fundamentação teórica o conceito e a tipologia de cluster, adaptando e integrando os conceitos de competitividade sistêmica e de sustentabilidade nas dimensões econômicas, sociais, culturais, ambientais e políticas. O modelo proposto apresenta uma visão holística, multidisciplinar e multissetorial do desenvolvimento local, resgatando, por meio da abordagem sistêmica, os conceitos de competitividade, eqüidade social e sustentabilidade. Os resultados possibilitam orientar estrategicamente agentes responsáveis pelas políticas públicas do setor de turismo, bem como as empresas e instituições públicas e privadas em suas estratégias de competitividade, competição, cooperação e sustentabilidade.
Objective tests and their discriminating power in business courses: a case study
Authors: Cornachione Jr Edgard B
Published: June 2009

Evaluating students' learning experiences outcomes cannot be considered a simple task. This paper aims at investigating students' overall performance and the discriminating power of particular tests' items in the context of business courses. The purpose of this paper is to contribute with this issue while analyzing it, with scientific approach, from an accounting information systems standpoint: two experiments based on a database management system (DBMS) undergraduate course, involving 66 and 62 students (experiments E1 and E2, respectively). The discriminant analysis generated discriminant functions with high canonical correlations (E1= 0.898 and E2= 0.789). As a result, high percentages of original grouped cases were correctly classified (E1= 98.5% and E2= 95.2%) based on a relatively small number of items: 7 out of 22 items from E1 (multiple-choice), and 3 out of 6 from E2 (short-answer). So, with only a few items from the analyzed instruments it is possible to discriminate "good" or "bad" academic performance, and this is a measure of quality of the observed testing instruments. According to these findings, especially in business area, instructors and institutions, together, are able to analyze and act towards improving their assessment methods, to be of minimum influence while evaluating students' performance.
Nevoid Basal-Cell Syndrome: literature review and case report in a family
Authors: Tincani Alfio José , Martins Antônio Santos , Andrade Ricardo Gomes , Mello Jr. Edgar José Franco , Bueno Marco Antônio Camargo
Published: June 2009

The Nevoid Basal-Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCC), or as it is also referred to, basal-cell nevus syndrome or Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, is characterized by multiple early-appearing basal cell carcinomas, keratocytosis of the mandible, and anomalies of the ocular, skeletal reproductive system. We describe four patients in the same family, all of them possessing a large number of skin tumors associated with other typical clinical and X-Ray anomalies of NBCC. The definitive treatment of NBCC has yet to be established, however, early diagnosis is very important as well as the periodical follow-up examination of ten patients, mainly due to the transformations in the skin lesions that may occur.
Educação problematizadora a distância para a inserção de temas contemporâneos na formação docente: uma introdução à Teoria do Caos
Authors: Ferrari Paulo Celso , Angotti José André Peres , Tragtenberg Marcelo Henrique Romano
Published: June 2009

Neste artigo descrevemos um estudo de caso envolvendo a elaboração e aplicação de um mini-curso, na modalidade a distância, sobre o tema Caos em Sistemas Dinâmicos, para a formação de professores. O processo de elaboração do mini-curso foi inspirado no conceito de investigação temática, de Freire, o método de execução foi o dos três momentos pedagógicos, de Delizoicov e Angotti. Utilizamos o ambiente virtual Moodle como mediação tecnológica de educação a distância. Concluímos que a inserção de temas contemporâneos na formação de professores mediada por tecnologia pode ter caráter problematizador. Para tanto, depende da colaboração entre especialistas da área específica e pedagógica na escolha do conteúdo científico e metodologias de ensino, da participação dos futuros professores na co-autoria do material didático e de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their hydroxylated analogs in plasma of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the United States east coast
Authors: Houde Magali , Pacepavicius Grazina , Darling Colin , Fair Patricia A. , Alaee Mehran , Bossart Gregory D. , Solomon Keith R. , Letcher Robert J. , Bergman Åke , Marsh Göran , Muir Derek C.G.
Published: June 2009

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs) were determined in plasma of freeranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Charleston (CHS), South Carolina, and the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, USA. Significantly lower sums (Σ) of PBDE concentrations (sum of 12 congeners) were found in animals from the IRL (arithmetic mean, 5.45 ± 4.63 ng/g wet wt) compared with those from CHS (30 ± 40 ng/g wet wt). Brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-47 was the predominant PBDE in dolphins from the IRL (50% of the ΣPBDEs) and CHS (58%). The ΣPBDE concentrations in plasma of dolphins were negatively correlated with age at both locations. Fifteen and sixteen individual OH-PBDE congeners could be quantified in plasma of dolphins from IRL and CHS, respectively. Similar to ΣPBDE, mean ΣOH-PBDE concentrations were significantly higher in plasma of dolphins at CHS (1,150 ± 708 pg/g wet wt) compared with those at IRL (624 ± 393 pg/g wet wt). The predominant congener at both locations was 6-OH-PBDE-47 (IRL, 384 ± 319 pg/g wet wt; CHS, 541 ± 344 pg/g wet wt), representing 61.5% of total ΣOH-PBDE at IRL and 47.0% at CHS. Concentrations of ΣOH-PBDEs were weakly negatively correlated with age in dolphins from both locations (p < 0.05; IRL, r2 = 0.048; CHS, r2 = 0.021). In addition to the OH-PBDE congeners identified with technical standards, eight and four unidentified OH-PBDEs were detected and quantified, respectively, in animals from CHS (sum of unidentified OH-PBDEs = 1.35 ± 0.90 pg/g wet wt) and IRL (0.73 ± 0.40 pg/g wet wt). Results of the present study suggest that, unlike OH-PCBs, OH-PBDEs in bottlenose dolphins are minor products in plasma relative to ΣPBDEs and a significant proportion may be a consequence of the dietary uptake of naturally produced methoxylated- and OH-PBDEs.
Economical and technical efficiencies evaluation of full scale piggery wastewater treatment BNR plants
Authors: Oa S. W. , Choi E. , Kim S. W. , Kwon K. H. , Min K. S.
Published: June 2009

A method evaluating the economic efficiency of piggery waste treatment plant based on kinetics for nitrogen removal performances is executed in this study and five full scale plants were evaluated, monitored intensively during one year under steady-state conditions. The performance data from those surveyed plants were recalculated by first-order kinetic equation instead of the Monod's equation, and the nitrogen removal kinetics related with COD/TKN ratios. Two plants adapting two extreme strategies for pre treatment, ‘excess phase separation’, and ‘minimum phase separation’, were evaluated by the assessment of life cycle cost (LCC). Although the compared two plants use an opposite strategy to each other, similar evaluation results are deduced by nitrogen removal efficiencies and operational and construction costs. But the proportions of constituent elements are as different as two opposite strategies, so electrical and construction costs are inversely proportional to chemical costs and operational costs respectively.
Interpretation of seasonal water quality variation in the Yeongsan Reservoir, Korea using multivariate statistical analyses
Authors: Cho Kyung Hwa , Park Yongeun , Kang Joo-Hyon , Ki Seo Jin , Cha Sungmin , Lee Seung Won , Kim Joon Ha
Published: June 2009

The Yeongsan (YS) Reservoir is an estuarine reservoir which provides surrounding areas with public goods, such as water supply for agricultural and industrial areas and flood control. Beneficial uses of the YS Reservoir, however, are recently threatened by enriched non-point and point source inputs. A series of multivariate statistical approaches including principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to extract significant characteristics contained in a large suite of water quality data (18 variables monthly recorded for 5 years); thereby to provide the important phenomenal information for establishing effective water resource management plans for the YS Reservoir. The PCA results identified the most important five principal components (PCs), explaining 71% of total variance of the original data set. The five PCs were interpreted as hydro-meteorological effect, nitrogen loading, phosphorus loading, primary production of phytoplankton, and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) loading. Furthermore, hydro-meteorological effect and nitrogen loading could be characterized by a yearly periodicity whereas FIB loading showed an increasing trend with respect to time. The study results presented here might be useful to establish preliminary strategies for abating water quality degradation in the YS Reservoir.
Emergency extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Nussbaum Eric S. , Janjua Tariq M. , Defillo Archie , Lowary Jody L. , Nussbaum Leslie A.
Published: June 2009

Object

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of urgent extracranial-intracranial (ECIC) bypass in the management of intracranial cerebrovascular disease and acute cerebral ischemic injury in carefully selected patients.

Methods

The authors reviewed the medical records and neuroimaging studies in 13 consecutive patients who underwent urgent surgical cerebral revascularization to treat acute cerebral ischemia. None were thought to be appropriate candidates for endovascular therapy. The patients' ages ranged from 21 to 65 years (mean 41.2 years). The mean follow-up review was 3.5 years, and no patient was lost to follow-up.

Results

Preoperative angiographic evaluation identified critical narrowing of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) in 8 patients, the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 3, and the cervical/petrous ICA in 2. All patients had progressive, refractory symptoms associated with enlarging areas of infarction on diffusion weighted MR imaging, despite maximal medical therapy, which included anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents, blood pressure elevation, and fluid resuscitation. All patients underwent superficial temporal artery–MCA anastomosis on an urgent basis. In every case, the bypass prevented further stroke progression. In 2 cases, revascularization was followed by rapid, dramatic improvement of preoperative neurological deficits.

Conclusions

In the authors' experience, emergency EC-IC bypass in patients with acute ischemic injury was both safe and effective. This population was characterized by relatively young patients with severely limited collateral circulation. In this series of 13 carefully selected patients, bypass was successful in arresting progression of stroke, and in some cases resulted in rapid neurological improvement.
Multinodular/plexiform (multifascicular) schwannomas of major peripheral nerves: an underrecognized part of the spectrum of schwannomas
Authors: Hébert-Blouin Marie-Noëlle , Amrami Kimberly K. , Scheithauer Bernd W. , Spinner Robert J.
Published: June 2009

Object

In clinical practice, schwannomas are among the most common types of nerve sheath tumors. Their clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and operative features are well known. Over the past 20 years, clinical outcomes have improved due to resection of these tumors at a fascicular level. Despite these advances, a subgroup of patients with schwannomas is associated with a disappointing neurological outcome following resection. The purpose of this study was to correlate the imaging and histological features in this group of patients with more anatomically complex forms of schwannomas.

Methods

In a retrospective review performed at their institution over a 10-year period, the authors found a subgroup of patients with complex multinodular/plexiform schwannomas affecting major peripheral nerves. Eleven patients were identified, and the clinical, imaging, and pathological features of their disease were reviewed.

Results

The clinical presentation of multinodular/plexiform schwannomas of major peripheral nerves may be similar to that of conventional schwannomas, but their imaging features, operative appearance, and outcomes differ.

Conclusions

Preoperatively and intraoperatively, the distinguishing features of multinodular/plexiform schwannomas of major peripheral nerves may be subtle and can easily go unrecognized, thus explaining the often suboptimal surgical results. Familiarity with the imaging and operative features of multinodular/plexiform schwannomas will no doubt alter treatment approaches and improve neurological function in this subgroup of patients.
Career Self-Efficacy of the Student Who is Gifted/Learning Disabled: A Case Study
Authors: Hua C. Bruce
Published: June 2009

This study explores the development of career self-efficacy of a student who is gifted/learning disabled through a qualitative, case-study approach. The participant is a male, Caucasian high school junior who has been identified as both being gifted and having a learning disability. The results of this study indicate that early recognition of potential, opportunities and resources for talent development, and emotional supports from caring adults are critical, positive influences on career self-efficacy. Curricular and educational implications are also discussed.
Bifunctional Guanidine via an Amino Amide Skeleton for Asymmetric Michael Reactions of β‐Ketoesters with Nitroolefins: A Concise Synthesis of Bicyclic β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Liu Xiaohua , Zhou Lin , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: June 2009

Two activations are better than one: The chiral bifunctional guanidine 1, which features an amino amide backbone, catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition of a range of substrates and gives products with excellent stereoselectivities. The method also allows the efficient synthesis of optically pure β‐amino acid esters. Both the guanidine group and the NH proton of the amide were important for the dual activation.

magnified image
The Assembly of Macrocyclic Bis‐ and Tetra‐β‐lactams with Embedded Platinum or Palladium Square‐Planar Centers
Authors: Pellico Daniel , Gómez‐Gallego Mar , Ramírez‐López Pedro , Mancheño María José , Sierra Miguel A. , Torres M. Rosario
Published: June 2009

The synthesis, isolation, and full characterization of different types of stable, metal‐assembled macrocyclic β‐lactams are reported. By using adequately functionalized bis‐β‐lactams with defined stereochemistry as building blocks, a series of mono‐ and bimetallic Pd and Pt macrocycles has been prepared in good to quantitative yields. These novel structures combine the β‐lactam moiety with transition‐metal fragments with cis‐square‐planar geometry and constitute a new class of metal‐assembled cavities involving molecules with biological relevance as building blocks. By combining the adequate ligands, metallic fragments, and tuning the reaction conditions, different mono‐ and bimetallic macrocyclic β‐lactam cavities can be selectively obtained. Macrocycles with Pt–ethynyl groups are suitable to form host–silver triflate guest complexes in a tweezer fashion.
Dynamic Molecular Tweezers Composed of Dibenzocyclooctatetraene Units: Synthesis, Properties, and Thermochromism in Host–Guest Complexes
Authors: Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Kuwatani Yoshiyuki , Nishinaga Tohru , Iyoda Masahiko
Published: June 2009

Novel dynamic molecular tweezers (DMTs) 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b, and 5 b, composed of two tub‐shaped dibenzocyclooctatetraene (DBCOT) units, were designed and synthesized. The cyclooctatetraene (COT) rings of these DMTs readily invert in solution, and the molecular structure shows rigid syn and anti forms in an equilibrium mixture in solution. The syn and anti conformers can be observed by NMR. The isomerization barriers of 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b, and 5 b are in the range of 16.5–21.3 kcal mol−1, depending on steric repulsion between substituents of the COT rings and protons of the central benzene ring. These DMTs form complexes with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) and 1,2,4,5‐tetracyano‐benzene (TCNB) in solution and in the solid state. The binding abilities of these DMTs increase with electron‐donating substituents on COT, which increase the electron densities of the cavity of the syn form, as supported by theoretical calculations. In addition, elongation of the terminal alkoxy chains of the DMTs was found to cause the enhancement of van der Waals contact with guest molecules. Therefore, 5 b, which has CH2OMe groups on the COT rings and longer ethoxy groups on the terminal benzene rings, showed the highest electron density of the cavity and hence the highest binding ability with the electron‐deficient guest molecules. Interestingly, solutions of 3 b, 4 b, and 5 b show thermochromism in the presence of DDQ. A solution of 3 b or 4 b with DDQ in CHCl3 is green due to charge‐transfer interaction at room temperature and the color changes from green to yellow upon heating to 60 °C and from green to blue upon cooling to −40 °C, whereas the high complexation ability of 5 b with DDQ only shows a change in the shade of blue.
Chemiebücher des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts. Für Frauen
Authors: Boeck Gisela
Published: June 2009

Die “Frauenchemiebücher” sind faktisch so alt wie die nicht geschlechtsspezifischen populären Chemiebücher. An der Wende des 18. zum 19. Jahrhundert unterscheiden sie sich weder im Inhalt noch in der literarischen oder der didaktischen Gestaltung signifikant von anderen zeitgenössischen populärwissenschaftlichen Schriften auf dem Gebiet der Chemie. Warum lassen Vorworte und Titel trotzdem auf eine “angebliche” Ausrichtung auf Frauen schließen? Die Autoren wussten, dass die Zeit der Frau eine Grundbildung zugestand. So sollten die Bücher einen Weg zu einer angemessenen Bildung eröffnen, aber primär mit dem Ziel, dem Ehemann Gesprächspartnerin sein und an der Erziehung der Kinder maßgeblich teilhaben zu können.
Ist der Kompass der Vögel eine chemische Reaktion?
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: June 2009

Vor mehr als 40 Jahren entdeckte Wolfgang Wiltschko den Einfluss statischer Magnetfelder auf die Orientierung von Zugvögeln, doch Ort und Art des Vogelkompasses sind noch immer ungeklärt. Die aussichtsreichste Hypothese: Eine chemische Reaktion mit Radikalen fungiert als Sensor für Magnetfelder.
Dynamic cell shapes and contacts in the developing Drosophila retina are regulated by the Ig cell adhesion protein hibris
Authors: Grillo‐Hill Bree K. , Wolff Tanya
Published: June 2009

Cell shapes and contacts are dynamically regulated during organogenesis to enable contacts with relevant neighboring cells at appropriate times. During Drosophila larval eye development, an apical contact is established between one pair of non‐neuronal cones cells, precluding contact between the opposing pair. Concurrent with changes in cell shape, these contacts reverse in early pupal life. The reversal in cone cell contacts occurs in a posterior to anterior gradient across the eye, following the developmental gradient established in the larval eye imaginal disc. Hibris (Hbs), an Immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecule homologous to vertebrate Nephrin, is required for cone cell morphogenesis. In hbs null mutants, a majority of cone cells fail to both establish wild‐type contacts and achieve mature cone cell shapes. hbs acts cell autonomously in the cone cells to drive these changes. The work presented here indicates hbs contributes to the remodeling of cell contacts and cell shapes throughout development. Developmental Dynamics 238:2223–2334, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Chiral Lewis Bases Derived from L‐Pipecolinic Acid Showing Stereocontrol Highly Dependent on the Catalyst Design in the Hydrosilylation of N‐Phenyl Ketimines
Authors: Collados Juan F. , Quiroga‐Feijóo María L. , Alvarez‐Ibarra Carlos
Published: June 2009

Chiral L‐pipecolinic acid based catalysts, the N‐functionalized pipecolinamides 4a–h and 5a–e, have been obtained in a straightforward two‐step synthesis starting from Boc‐L‐pipecolinic acid. The catalysts form a complex with trichlorosilane, which proved to be effective for the enantioselective addition to the standard N‐phenylimine substrate 6. We have tested the enantioselectivity of the ligands to establish the influence of N‐ and O‐functionalization on the chiral α‐amino acid. Whereas the N‐formylpipecolinamides give rise to R‐configured amines, the opposite result was obtained by using the urea‐pipecolinamide 5c, which proved to be an efficient activator of trichlorosilane. The observed reactivities and stereoselectivities have been rationalized not only on the basis of the conformational dependence of the ligands, but also by noncovalent interactions, which has allowed the structures of the transition states to be deduced. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Sodium Tetraalkoxyborates: Intermediates for the Quantitative Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones to Alcohols through Ball Milling with NaBH4
Authors: Naimi‐Jamal M. Reza , Mokhtari Javad , Dekamin Mohammad G. , Kaupp Gerd
Published: June 2009

Stoichiometric molecular solid‐state vibrational ball milling, solvent‐free kneading ball milling, and mechanochemical ball milling of varied aldehydes and ketones with unmodified sodium borohydride under temperature control uses all hydrogen atoms of the reducing agent in fast reactions. It provides quantitative yields of thermally stable sodium tetraalkoxyborates. The easily isolated solids are extremely sensitive towards hydrolysis, leading to quantitative yields of the corresponding alcohols. The rapid syntheses are regiospecific and stereoselective. Varied substituents are not attacked, including the bromine of α‐bromo ketones. Conjugated aldehydes and ketones provide quantitative yields of the allylic alcohols free of contamination by saturated alcohols that would occur by reaction in solution. Depending on the stoichiometric ratio, benzil is quantitatively reduced to benzoin (4:1 ratio) or dihydrobenzoin (2:1 ratio). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in high‐throughput detection, quantification and confirmation of anabolic steroids in equine plasma
Authors: You Youwen , Uboh Cornelius E. , Soma Lawrence R. , Guan Fuyu , Li Xiaoqing , Rudy Jeffrey A. , Liu Ying , Chen Jinwen
Published: June 2009

An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method for fast‐throughput analysis of eight anabolic and androgenic steroids (AAS) in equine plasma is reported. Analytes were recovered by liquid‐liquid extraction using methyl tert‐butyl ether, separated on a 1.9 µm C18 reversed‐phase column, and analyzed in positive electrospray ionization mode on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and full product ion scans. Two SRM ion transitions were monitored for each AAS during screening to obtain highly selective screening results. Full product ion spectra of excellent quality for AAS, at 100 pg/0.5 mL in plasma, devoid of interfering spectra from impurities in plasma, were obtained. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the acquisition of full product ion spectra at such a low analyte concentration and plasma volume using a triple quadrupole instrument. In addition to product ion intensity ratios obtained from three SRM scans for identifying AAS in equine plasma, full product ion spectra were used as supporting evidence for confirmation. For quantification, deuterium‐labeled testosterone and stanozolol were used as internal standards (ISs). The limits of detection, quantification and confirmation were 6.25–12.5 pg/0.5 mL, 25 pg/0.5 mL and 50–100 pg/0.5 mL, respectively. There was no significant matrix effect on the analysis of all eight AAS. Intra‐day precision and accuracy were 2–15% and 91–107%, respectively. Inter‐day precision and accuracy were 1–21% and 94–110%, respectively. Total analysis time was 5 min. To date, the method has been successfully used in the analysis of >12 000 samples for AAS in plasma samples from racehorses competing in the State of Pennsylvania. The method is fast, selective, reproducible, and reliable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation behavior of metal‐coded affinity tag (MeCAT)‐labeled peptides
Authors: Pieper Stefan , Beck Sebastian , Ahrends Robert , Scheler Christian , Linscheid Michael W.
Published: June 2009

Quantitative proteomics has become an important method in modern life sciences. Besides protein identification, the aspect of quantification is of rapidly increasing relevance. MeCAT (metal‐coded affinity tagging) is able to provide a tool that enables relative as well as absolute quantification. For structural elucidation, knowledge on the fragmentation behavior of MeCAT‐modified peptides is highly beneficial. Therefore, the fragmentation behavior of MeCAT‐labeled peptides under collision induced dissociation (CID), electron capture dissociation (ECD) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) conditions was studied. Application of CID and ECD allowed a straight‐forward sequence elucidation of MeCAT‐labeled peptides. During IRMPD all MeCAT‐labeled peptides form characteristic fragments resulting from the fragmentational cleavage of the tagging group, thus, providing a screening method for the identification of labeled compounds. Furthermore, occurring side reactions during the labeling process were investigated. By‐products were structurally characterized and reaction conditions were optimized in order to prevent the formation of these. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid determination of oxidized methionine residues in recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with in‐source collision‐induced dissociation
Authors: Ohkubo Tsutomu , Inagaki Shinsuke , Min Jun Zhe , Kamiya Daiki , Toyo'oka Toshimasa
Published: June 2009

The primary structure of the deteriorated recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) was determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS) with in‐source collision‐induced dissociation (CID). The rhbFGFs before and after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were separated using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH300 C18 column (1.7 µm, 150 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.) with a gradient elution of a mixture of water/acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. The separated proteins were then detected by a SYNAPT™ High Definition Mass Spectrometry™ system (SYNAPT‐MS). Two methionine (Met) residues in the rhbFGF structure were oxidized to Met‐sulfoxide (Met‐O) in 0.03% H2O2 at pH 2.0. As the result, three peaks, except for the peak of rhbFGF, appeared on the chromatogram. The three proteins corresponding to each peak were estimated as the denatured rhbFGFs including the Met‐O residue(s) with TOF‐MS. Furthermore, the position of the Met‐O residue(s) was efficiently identified by UPLC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS using the in‐source CID technique. The proposed method seems to be very useful for the structural elucidation of proteins, because the oxidized Met residues in rhbFGF were easily and rapidly identified. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Associated with Local Recurrence After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation with Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kim Nam‐Kyu , Kim Young‐Wan , Min Byung‐Soh , Lee Kang‐Young , Sohn Seung‐Kook , Cho Chang‐Hwan
Published: June 2009

Background

The purpose of the present study was to investigate risk factors associated with local recurrence in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy in combination with total mesorectal excision (TME).

Methods

Rectal cancer patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation with TME were studied. We compared 26 patients who developed local recurrence with 119 recurrence‐free patients during the follow‐up period.

Results

The median follow‐up period was 52 months (range: 14–131 months). Based on the use of univariate and multivariate analyses, circumferential margin involvement (p = 0.02), the presence of lymphovascular or perineural invasion (p = 0.02), and positive nodal disease (p = 0.03) were contributing factors for local recurrence. The local recurrence rate was different between ypN(+) patients and ypN(–) patients with more than 12 nodes retrieved (p = 0.01). There was no difference in local recurrence rates between ypN(+) patients and ypN(–) patients with <12 nodes (p = 0.35) or between ypN(–) patients with <12 nodes or ≥12 nodes (p = 0.18).

Conclusions

Patients with circumferential margin involvement, the presence of lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and positive nodal disease should be regarded as a high‐risk group. We also determined that lymph node retrieval (<12 nodes) in patients with node‐negative disease was a risk factor for local recurrence.
An Artificial Intelligence Approach for Modeling and Prediction of Water Diffusion Inside a Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Ahadian Samad , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2009

Modeling of water flow in carbon nanotubes is still a challenge for the classic models of fluid dynamics. In this investigation, an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is presented to solve this problem. The proposed ANFIS approach can construct an input–output mapping based on both human knowledge in the form of fuzzy if-then rules and stipulated input–output data pairs. Good performance of the designed ANFIS ensures its capability as a promising tool for modeling and prediction of fluid flow at nanoscale where the continuum models of fluid dynamics tend to break down.
The Idea of Absolute Monarchy in Seventeenth-Century England
Authors: Daly James
Published: June 2009

And first, it is necessary that we should agree what we mean by an absolute Monarch, which is indeed a point rather controverted, than clearly decided by any Author, that I have yet met withal. [Thomas Goddard, Plato's Demon, 1684.]
Hanging for Felony: the Rule of Law in Elizabethan Colchester
Authors: Samaha Joel B.
Published: June 2009

Just after midnight on 24 January 1577, Alice Neate crept into a bedchamber at the New Hythe in Colchester and slit her sister-in-law's throat. She wrapped the body in a red blanket and dragged it out into the woodhouse yard where it was discovered the following morning. An intensive investigation immediately ensued. All the chief suspects except Alice Neate, namely neighbours who had visited the Neate cottage on the evening prior to the murder, satisfactorily established their innocence. The testimony against Alice was overwhelming. Even her husband conceded that his sister had been murdered and prayed, ‘God save [my] wife!’ To be sure it was only indirect evidence, yet nonetheless damaging because it came from her own husband. Her daughter Abigail's testimony, however, was utterly devastating. At first steadfastly maintaining her mother's innocence, Abigail's support collapsed when under pressure of ‘straight examination’ she finally admitted that her mother had persuaded her to conceal clear proof of the homicide. Abigail shared the bedchamber with her murdered aunt, and since she had been wide awake during the killing had been an eyewitness to the whole bloody tragedy. If that was not enough, Alice also had a clear motive. Her hatred of her sister-in-law was well known and stemmed from her belief that the murdered woman had herself murdered two of Alice's children. On the basis of this overwhelming case against her, Alice Neate was committed to prison where she was held until the next gaol delivery at which she was duly prosecuted, convicted and sentenced to hang for murder, according to the blood law of felony.
II. The ‘London Evening Post’, 1727–1744: A Study in the Development of the Political Press
Authors: Cranfield G. A.
Published: June 2009

One of the most significant of the anti-ministerial newspapers of the early eighteenth century was the London Evening Post. Its importance has been overshadowed by such great newspapers as the Craftsman, which has come to be regarded as the main propaganda weapon of the Opposition to Walpole. But it seems probable that the London Evening Post reached a wider public, and that its influence was more sustained and more immediately effective. The Craftsman was published only once a week, and devoted the greater part of its space to its political essay. These essays were undoubtedly immensely influential, and in times of unusual excitement the paper' circulation could reach quite remarkable figures. But the regular circulation of such a paper was bound to be limited. Outside the capital, London newspapers were not cheap: and few readers would be so politically minded as to be prepared to subscribe regularly to a purely political paper. Most country readers wanted news as well as views: and perhaps no eighteenth-century paper set out to satisfy both demands more effectively than did the London Evening Post. Its reputation was increasingly to be based upon its political content: but its various printers never lost sight of the fundamental fact that their product was first and foremost a newspaper, and even in the most hectic political campaigns the news always received priority. On the political side, instead of relying, as did most political papers of this period, upon lengthy and often tedious essays, the Post preferred to make its point by brief but exceedingly pungent comment upon the news and by the savagely humorous verses for which it was to become notorious. In this way, it made politics both interesting and amusing. The result was that the Post very rapidly became established as one of the main sources of London and foreign news throughout the countryside. By the 1740', there were few country papers indeed which did not draw heavily upon the Post: and these papers reproduced not only the Post's news items but also its politics. In fact, its political influence became so pronounced that on two occasions, in 1733 and 1754, the Whig ministry paid it the supreme compliment of endeavouring to prevent its transmission through the Post Office.
VI. The Political Significance of German-Soviet Trade Negotiations, 1922–5
Authors: Morgan R. P.
Published: June 2009

The Treaty of Rapallo, signed on 16 April 1922, cemented a German-Soviet partnership that promised advantages of several different kinds: economically, the reconstruction and development of the Soviet Union by means of German trade and investment seemed good business for both partners; militarily, the secret co-operation between the Red Army and the Reichswehr made possible the introduction of the latest weapons for the one, evasion of the Versailles Treaty for the other, and effective training for both; and politically, German and Soviet policy-makers entertained hopes which ranged, according to the time and the individual concerned, from the modest expectation that the treaty-partner would refrain from joining any hostile coalition to the grandiose ambition of jointly attacking and dismembering the fragile and presumptuous state of Poland.
VI. The Royal Titles Act and India
Authors: Knight L. A.
Published: June 2009

The consolidation of the Indian Empire after the Mutiny brought with it a more closely defined honorific hierarchy. From the first investiture at Windsor in 1861 of the Star of India and increasingly agter the assumption by the Queen of her new title of Empress, high service came to be rewarded in honours and distinctions with a discriminating lavishness reminiscent of the creations of the Younger Pitt. But the title assumed by the Queen and announced on 28 April 1876 had not originally been designed for India alone. It was Disraeli's caution that induced the Queen to abandon the style of ‘Empress of Great Britain, Ireland and India’. In his anxiety to avoid controversy many assurances were given that the United Kingdom would not be affected. Thus limitation of the title to India did not at first have any special significance. In reply to Lowe's criticisms, the Prime Minister saw no reason why two of the Queen's sons should not become Dukes of Canada and Australia. It was only in the course of the preparations for proclaiming the title on the first day of 1877 that the Indian Government, recovered from its surprise, suggested that the occasion might be invested with a political as well as a symbolic significance. The Viceroy, Lytton, came to believe that the occasion was a unique opportunity, not merely for broadening the base of the imperial Government through a popular symbol, but for materially strengthening the executive by a new understanding with the native princes of India.
VIII. The Importance of Energy in the First and Second World Wars
Authors: Jensen W. G.
Published: June 2009

Modern technical and scientific development has altered war from a contest between men into a combat between machines. Even the development of firearms did not bring about a change of this magnitude, since firearms went into combat propelled by animal energy (of man and beast). This change-over occurred first at sea when steam engines started to propel ships of war. In days of sail at sea a great deal depended on the purely human factor of seamanship. With the introduction of ships moved by machinery all came depend on the quality and power of this machinery. Drake, De Ruyter Nelson, with all their skill or experience, could have done nothing against steam man-of-war. On land this development took longer. Throughout nineteenth century railways carried men and beasts to the scene of combat and brought them their supplies, but on the battlefield men and horses carried the weapons of war into battle. The invention of the petroleum-driven internal combustion engine changed all that. For the first time man commanded the power necessary to propel engines freely over land and in the air, an invention which had already occupied the imagination of Leonardo da Vinci and appeared in the prophetic writings of Jules Verne and H. G. Wells.
VIII. The Erosion of Foreign Office Influence in the Making of Foreign Policy, 1916–1918
Authors: Warman Roberta M.
Published: June 2009

Lord Hardinge, returning to the Foreign Office as Permanent Undersecretary in June 1916, after an interval of six years spent as Viceroy of India, remarked that he could scarcely recognize the pre-war Foreign Office in the structure with which he was confronted. Hardinge was thinking of the more obvious changes wrought by the war on the Foreign Office, where the work had increased dramatically since August, 1914 – indeed, by 1918, it was estimated that it had ‘more than quintupled since the outbreak of hostilities’ – and the resulting increase in staff had produced almost insurmountable practical difficulties. Yet there were other, more subtle ways in which the Foreign Office of 1916 differed from that over which Hardinge had presided from 1906 to 1910. Lord Bertie, British Ambassador in Paris, hinted at what was perhaps the most fundamental change when, writing to congratulate Hardinge on his appointment, he commented: ‘I think you will find that the Foreign Office is in great part a “pass-on” department viz. it issues instructions at the instance of other offices often without considering whether such instructions are advisable or feasible…’ Bertie's comment was to prove as relevant to the second as to the first half of the war. Indeed, there were occasions during the 1916–18 period when the Foreign Office might more properly have been described as a ‘passed-over’ department with little influence on the policy-making process.
Francois de Callieres and Diplomatic Theory
Authors: Keens-Soper Maurice
Published: June 2009

Francois de Callieres (1645–1717) was a diplomatic envoy and man of letters who in 1716 published De la Manière de Négocier avec les Souverains. A Normand of literate and noble, but modest ancestry, he lived for many years in various parts of Europe before securing, somewhat late in a long life, a position in the service of Louis XIV. Although he won admission to the Académie Française for a panegyric on the King and published several other books including a noteworthy contribution to the ‘Battle of the Ancients and Moderns’, the high point in his sombre but determined life came during the Nine Years War when as a secret envoy he negotiated the crucial terms with the Dutch which led to the Congress of Ryswick (1697) and peace. Thereafter he held the sensitive position of secrétaire du cabinet at Versailles and supplied the secretary of state for foreign affairs with a flow of memoranda on the conditions of peace.
II. The Ministry of All the Talents: The Whigs in Office, February 1806 to March 1807
Authors: Harvey A. D.
Published: June 2009

The Ministry of All the Talents was essentially a coalition of three parties: the followers of Fox, of Grenville, and of Sidmouth. Yet in retrospect it was looked upon as principally a Whig ministry. This was partly because office consolidated what had hitherto been the rather uneasy alliance of Foxites and Grenvillites; partly also because for adherents of the main Foxite tradition of Whiggism the ministry of 1806 provided the only experience of government between 1783 and 1827.
The Vatican, Great Britain, and Relations with Germany, 1938–1940
Authors: Conway John S.
Published: June 2009

The Vatican in the twentieth century has played a far less considerable role on the world's stage than in previous centuries. Stripped of its temporal possessions, the Vatican no longer exercises that military and political power which Napoleon estimated to be worth an army corps of 20,000 men, but which his latter day successor, Stalin, could sardonically dismiss with the (apocryphal) question: ‘How many divisions has the Pope?’ Nevertheless, the papacy remains an influential factor in world affairs; and there is still strong appeal in die ideal of the papacy pursuing aims which, in contrast to those of other powers, are solely peace and reconciliation.
The Mond-Turner Talks, 1927–1933: A Study in Industrial Co-operation
Authors: McDonald G. W. , Gospel Howard F.
Published: June 2009

There has been no full study of the Mond-Turner talks and the subsequent conferences between the Trades Union Congress, die National Confederation of Employers’ Organizations (NCEO) and die Federation of British Industries (FBI). This is largely because until recendy die relevant archives and paper collections have not been open for research. From the official government papers, the archives of the Confederation of British Industries and some TUC material, it is now possible for die first time to present a detailed study of diis series of talks, important as a major attempt at industrial co-operation at national level.
VI. Britain, Siam and the Malay Peninsula, 1906–1909
Authors: Klein Ira
Published: June 2009

The British ‘New Imperialism’ has frequently been described as a monolith, generated in the opinion of Hobson and others by the search for capital outlets and markets, or in Schumpeter's analysis by the residue of feudalism.2 These mechanistic interpretations allow little importance to mediating philosophies or institutions, to anti-imperialist convictions or inner divisiveness, or to conditions in indigenous societies. Views of the uniqueness of the New Imperialism, and also of imperial expansion being simply determined, were powerfully challenged by Professor Gallagher and Dr Robinson in their article, ‘The Imperialism of Free Trade’.3
VII. The ‘Action FranÇaise’ in French Intellectual Life
Authors: Wilson Stephen
Published: June 2009

The Action Française was neither a widespread nor a powerful nor a successful political movement, and its political objectives were anachronistic to the point of absurdity. Its intention to carry out a coup d'état could not be taken seriously when its leaders were so eager to find reasons for avoiding or postponing action.1 Critics of the movement rightly claimed, for this reason, that it did not deserve its name.2 Of course, the Action Francaise always claimed to have considerable political influence, but its very poor showing in the elections of 1919 and 1924,3 when what influence it had was probably at its height, only emphasized the movement's real complexion.
Protector Somerset and Requests
Authors: Bush M. L.
Published: June 2009

It is commonly thought that one of the ways in which Protector Somerset expressed his idealistic consideration for the lower orders was by his involvement with a court of requests - either a private court supposedly established in his own house, or the official court of requests - which he used not merely to safeguard against injustice but also to implement social views out of keeping with the aristocratic assumptions of the age, particularly in the interests of agrarian reform. This paper examines the evidence for the existence of a private court and for Somerset's connexion with the official court. Its aim is to question the persisting view, to redefine the Protector's social concerns and to illuminate the operation of Requests in the early years of Edward VI's reign.
VIII. The East Fulham By-Election, 25 October 1933
Authors: Stannage C. T.
Published: June 2009

Only at four by-elections in twentieth-century British history has there been a turnover of more than 18,000 votes: at Dudley in 1968, at Orpington in 1962, at East Fulham in 1933 and at Dartford in 1920. Dartford and Orpington have been commented upon as landmarks in the histories of the Labour and Liberal Parties respectively, and Dudley is likely to be seen as the outstanding manifestation of discontent with the economic policies of the Labour Government in the 1960s. East Fulham, however, is the most notorious of all the “boilover’ by-elections. Taking place in a decade troubled by depression and fear of war, it resulted in a National Government majority of 14,521 votes being transformed into a Labour Party majority of 4,840, on a massive swing of 26–5 per cent.