bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Leucocytosis Parameter in the Occurrence of Pregnancy Complications in Women with Periodontal Disease
Authors: Maglaviceanu Camelia Fiera , Bechir Edwin Sever , Tuculina Mihaela Jana , Daguci Constantin , Dascalu Ionela Teodora , Daguci Luminita , Nicola Andreea , Popescu Mihaela Sanda , Bataiosu Marilena
Published: February 2020

For the present study, a total number of 109 pregnant patients in the second trimester of pregnancy were selected from the case studies of the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Municipal Clinical Hospital Filantropia in Craiova. Among these, 56 patients had gingivitis, 26 had mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis, and 27 patients were used as a control segment. Each patient had her leukocytes values tested and they had their oral cavity examined. Leukocyte neutrophils are the primary cells of the body�s defence system as well as primary protective cells against periodontal disease. Based on the study, we can say that there is a significant difference between the average number of leukocytes found in the four groups, because the result of the ANOVA test was below the threshold p [0.001. By analyzing the involvement of the leucocytosis parameter in the occurrence or presence of pregnancy complications, we found it present in periodontal disease pregnant women who had complications, namely: premature birth, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction.
Drinking Water Quality Risk Management. Risk Analysis of Nitrogen Groundwater Contamination Using Analytica Software
Authors: Iordache Alice , Woinaroschy Alexandru
Published: February 2020

Drinking water supply is essential for public health, quality of life, sustainable development of economic activity, and environmental protection. In this context, it is important to ensure continuous improvement of all stages of processes to guarantee water quality and safety [1]. The main objectives of the study are:
-development of an integrated method and probable risk analysis for a drinking water supply system;
-risk assessment of contamination of raw water with nitrate [2].
Modifying Cerebrospinal Fluid Constants for the Tuberculousis Etiology of a Meningitis Case
Authors: Mihai Ioana Florina , Largu Alexandra , Dorobat V. , Manciuc Carmen
Published: February 2020

Tuberculous meningitis is the most lethal form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, with a high rate of neurological complications and sequelae. We present the case of a 6 years old child diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis based on epidemiological, clinical and biological data and who has rapidly developed neurological complications with persistent fever and headache for a long time. Under tuberculostatic, depletion and corticosteroid treatment, the evolution of the disease was slowly favorable.
Compressive Strength and Thermal Conductivity of Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete Incorporated with Lightweight Aggregate, Expanded Clay Aggregate and Foaming Agent
Authors: Ming Liew Yun , Sandu Andrei Victor , Yong Heah Cheng , Tajunnisa Yuyun , Azzahran Siti Fatimah , Bayuji Ridho , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Vizureanu Petrica , Hussin Kamarudin , Jin Tan Soo , Loong Foo Kai
Published: February 2020

This paper investigates the effect of incorporation of lightweight aggregate and foam in the preparation of lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) and lightweight aggregate foamed geopolymer concrete (LWAFGC). The geopolymer paste was formed by alkali activation of Class F fly ash in mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution. LWAGC was incorporated with expanded clay lightweight aggregate and river sand while hydrogen peroxide was added as foaming agent for LWAFGC. Results showed that LWAGC and LWAFGC achieved an excellent 28-day compressive strength of 60 MPa and 20 MPa, respectively. The bulk densities were 1815 kg/m3 for LWAGC and 1593 kg/m3 for LWAFGC. Even so, low thermal conductivity of 0.12 W/mK and 0.09 W/mK were reported. It was concluded that the joint effect of lightweight aggregate and foam produced geopolymer concrete with good mechanical strength while having excellent thermal insulating properties. The geopolymer concretes possessed high strength-to-density ratio to be regarded as lightweight high-performance structures.
Determining the Effective Mass Transfer Area in Three-Phase Fluidized Bed with Low Density Inert Solids
Authors: Dragan Simion
Published: February 2020

The absorption process is strongly influenced by the effective mass transfer area. In this study the effective mass transfer area in gas-solid-liquid three-phase fluidized bed was determined, in a fluidizing column having an internal diameter of 0.14 m and a height of 1.10 m. The solid packing is made of plastic hollow spheres of 0.01 m diameter, with 415 m2/m3 geometric area and a density of 170 Kg/m3. The absorption of carbon dioxide from the air-carbon dioxide mixture with molar concentration of 0.05M, 0.08M and 0.1M CO2 into sodium hydroxide aqueous solutions of 0.5N and 1.0 N has been employed as test reaction. The experiments were conducted with liquid load changing from 6.49 to 16.24 m�/(m� h) and gas velocity of 1.1 m/s and 2.1 m/s. It was found that the effective mass transfer area increased both with the increase of the gas velocity and the increase of the liquid spray density. It has been observed that the effective mass transfer area in gas-solid-liquid three-phase fluidized bed absorber is from three to eight times higher than the geometric area of the solid packing. A mathematical correlation has been established in order to predict the effective mass transfer area,under the specified conditions, with a deviation of less than 5%.
Morphometry of the Placental Vessels
Authors: Bordei Petru , Surdu Loredana Stefania , Serbanescu Lucian , Tudorache Ioan Sorin
Published: February 2020

The morphometry of the placental vessels was studied on a number of 51 normal term placentas, using plastic injection (Technovit 7143), followed by sodium hydroxide corrosion. In 51 cases, we found the diameter of the umbilical vein between 6.2-10.5 mm, most commonly, in 54.90% of cases, finding it between 8.0-8.6 mm. The trunk of the umbilical vein arised from a number of 2-4 branches, most commonly, in 41.18% of cases, being made of 2 branches. We observed the umbilical arteries on a number of 42 cases. The diameter of the umbilical artery 1, was between 2.5-6.0 mm, most frequently, in 45.24% of cases, having a diameter between 4.0-4.9 mm. The ratio between the diameter of the umbilical artery 1 and the diameter of the corresponding venous trunk was most commonly between 50.0-58.82%. The diameter of the umbilical artery 2, was between 3.0-8.5 mm, most frequently, in 53.66% of cases, having a diameter between 4.0-4.8 mm. The ratio between the diameter of the umbilical artery 2 and the diameter of the corresponding venous trunk, was most commonly between 40.0-46.51%, in one case, the diameter of the umbilical artery 2 was equal to the diameter of the venous trunk. Comparing the diameters of the two umbilical arteries on 41 placentas, we found in 56.10% of cases, the diameter of the umbilical artery 2 was larger then the diameter of the umbilical artery 1 by 0.2-2.5 mm and in 39.02% of cases, the diameter of the umbilical artery 1 was larger then the diameter of the umbilical artery 2 by 0.1-0.9 mm. In 8.20% of cases the umbilical arteries had the same diameter.
Los Dibujos Animados: herramienta para la educación
Authors: USMA IPC
Published: February 2020

A través de los años, los medios de comunicación se han posicionado como el cuarto poder del estado al ser una herramienta transmisora de contenido “valioso” para la sociedad. Ese contenido se despliega en diversos géneros, con el objetivo de transmitir mensajes, impartir conceptos y entretener, utilizando diversas técnicas, especialmente los dibujos animados, para captar en su audiencia a la niñez, especialmente. Estos dibujos son producidos en una diversidad de colores, tamaños y temas, muchas veces presentando contenido no aptos para su audiencia. Esta investigación propone, primero una clasificación de esos dibujos animados, según su contenido. Y en segunda instancia, comprender las preferencias de dibujos animados que los estudiantes de sexto grado de escuelas primarias oficiales urbanas, demuestran. La investigación focalizo dos casos de estudio, el de mayor y menor puntaje según las pruebas TERCE.

 

Abstract

Over the years, the media has positioned itself as the fourth power in the world to be a transmitting tool of "valuable" content for society. This content is deployed in different genres, with the aim of transmitting messages, imparting concepts and entertaining, using different techniques, especially cartoons, to capture in their audience the childhood, especially. These drawings are produced in a variety of colors, sizes and themes, often presenting content not suitable for your audience. This research proposes, first, a classification of these cartoons, according to their content. And second, understand the cartoon preferences that sixth grade students from urban official elementary schools demonstrate. The research focused on two case studies, the highest and lowest score according to TERCE tests.
Determinación de Necesidades de Capacitación, según Colaboradores y Gerentes de Empresas en la Ciudad de Panamá
Authors: Herrera Vicente
Published: February 2020

El presente trabajo describe las actitudes de los colaboradores y gerentes de empresas sobre las necesidades de capacitación y otros aspectos relacionados con la formación. Es una investigación de tipo descriptiva y explicativa, y donde se aplicó un cuestionario a un total de 664 colaboradores que se visitaron en la Ciudad de Panamá, y se aplicaron 146 cuestionarios a gerentes de empresas.El trabajo de campo con los colaboradores, fue realizado por estudiantes de licenciatura, bajo la orientación de docentes. Por otro lado, los gerentes fueron encuestados por estudiantes de postgrados, igualmente bajo la orientación de docentes de la USMA. Los datos se tabularon y se procesaron utilizando el programa de estadística SPSS 24. Para reunir la información se aplicó un cuestionario que fuer validado, y que buscaba conocer las opiniones de colaboradores y gerentes sobre las necesidades de cursos de capacitación, y otros aspectos de formación en las empresas. Esta investigación es un aporte de la USMA al mostrar la realidad de las necesidades de capacitación empresarial, con el fin de adecuar una oferta de capacitación a las necesidades del entorno empresarial.
Impacto del uso de los Recursos Tecnológicos Didácticos en el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas en estudiantes de educación media en Ciudad de Panamá
Authors: Cataffi Ricardo
Published: February 2020

En este estudio se analiza el impacto del uso de Recursos Tecnológicos Didácticos en el desarrollo de las habilidades cognitivas de estudiantes de educación media en la Ciudad de Panamá; específicamente las habilidades de Conocimiento, Comprensión, Aplicación, Análisis, Síntesis y Evaluación según la Taxonomía de Bloom. Se considera la información obtenida de dieciocho (18) profesores que laboran en doce (12) escuelas de educación media ubicadas en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Panamá. El problema a estudiar es si el uso de los Recursos Tecnológicos Didácticos influye en las habilidades cognitivas de los estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que hay una correlación significativa entre el uso de Recursos Tecnológicos Didácticos y el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas de los estudiantes en el contexto analizado. La metodología utilizada está basada en un estudio de tipo observacional, con diseño transversal y alcance correlacional con recopilación de información mediante encuestas en línea con preguntas cerradas aplicadas a una muestra de docentes activos relacionados con asignaturas de corte científico-tecnológico como parte de su plan de trabajo.
Estilos de aprendizaje de los Estudiantes de la Facultad de Negocios de la Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua de Panamá
Authors: Herrera Vicente , Bergantino Rodolfo
Published: February 2020

La presente investigación describe los Estilos de aprendizaje de los Estudiantes de la Facultad de Negocios de la Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua de Panamá. Sabemos que la misión de la universidad gira en torno de la docencia, la investigación y la extensión. Centrando la atención en la primera, la enseñanza adquiere sentido en función del aprendizaje que promueve. Sin embargo, la universidad mantiene en términos generales un sistema en el cual no se realiza un seguimiento constante del aprendizaje.  El conocer el estilo de aprendizaje es importante para determinar las estrategias de aprendizajes que se deben desarrollar en el aula de clase.Los resultados del estudio reflejó que la muestra de estudiantes de la Facultad de Negocios de la Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua, tenía una media de la edad de 20.4 años y que un 52.2% son del sexo masculino Un 49.4% (156 estudiantes) son de la carrera de Licenciatura en Negocios Internacionales. Al medir el estilo de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Negocios de la USMA, vemos que prevalecen los tipos convergentes y acomodadores. Un 36.4% son convergentes y un 35.8 son acomodadores. Por otro lado, un 14.2% son asimiladores y un 13.6% son divergentes.Producto de conocer el estilo de aprendizaje prevaleciente, se determina que es necesario fomentar el trabajo cooperativo, dinamizan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, donde se favorezca la participación y socialización. Además, evitar la memorización mecánica del material docente, y que el alumno deja de ser receptor para ser actor de sus propios aprendizajes, y gestor de sus conocimientos.La investigación nos lleva a señalar que los docentes de la Facultad de Negocios de la USMA deben desarrollar estrategias didácticas tales como: Simuladores de Negocios, Investigaciones y uso de Programas estadísticos, Ferias y exposiciones, Exposición abierta, Estudio de caso y Mapa conceptual y redes semánticas.
Desarrollo de un sistema fotovoltaico de generación eléctrica acoplado a un mecanismo de rotación automático (resultados preliminares)
Authors: Gil Ángel Arcia
Published: February 2020

La investigación en las áreas de energías renovables, específicamente de uso de energía solar fotovoltaica, es un área de fuerte desarrollo en la actualidad, debido a la necesidad de generar sistemas energéticos que permitan reducir el impacto de carbono que la actividad humana tiene sobre los ecosistemas. En este sentido, se desarrolló un prototipo de sistema fotovoltaico autónomo de seguimiento del sol, de poco procesamiento y bajo costo, buscando aumentar la capacidad de generación eléctrica de los paneles solares y hacer estudios comparativos de producción y análisis de factibilidad económica vs sistemas fijos. Adicionalmente, el proyecto permite a los estudiantes, profesores e investigadores involucrados, aprender conceptos complejos de manera práctica, diferenciando a la Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua (USMA) como ente generador de innovación tecnológica, aportando resultados y diseños innovadores en el mercado de generación eléctrica solar de bajo consumo.
The matrix model for assessing the investment attractiveness of industrial enterprises
Authors: N. Steblyuk  , V. Oparenko
Published: February 2020

The article defines the role of evaluation of investment attractiveness of the enterprise. The main directions of methodological approaches to the assessment of investment attractiveness of the enterprise are given, their peculiarities and purpose are defined. The main disadvantages of methodological approaches to the assessment of investment attractiveness are revealed. It is proposed to use a matrix model to evaluate the investment attractiveness of an industrial enterprise. The necessity of using precisely a matrix model of complex nature to assess the investment attractiveness of industrial enterprises based on the use of quantitative and qualitative factors is substantiated. The main advantages of the matrix model of estimation of investment attractiveness of the enterprise are determined. A methodological toolkit for estimating the investment attractiveness of an industrial enterprise on the basis of a matrix model has been improved, taking into account the current state of domestic industrial enterprises and identifying problematic areas of activity. The matrix model has been supplemented with a matrix of quantitative indicators by a group of property condition indicators, which will allow the investor to take a more objective approach to assessing the investment attractiveness of an industrial enterprise. Quantitative indicators of investment attractiveness are grouped and their marginal evaluation criteria are given. The general index of quantitative characteristic of investment attractiveness of industrial enterprise and possible variants of estimation of its financial condition are determined. The qualitative indicators of estimation of investment attractiveness on the basis of the matrix model are given, they are given weighting coefficients and their boundary intervals are defined. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative indicators, the levels of the generalized index of investment attractiveness of an industrial enterprise according to the matrix model have been formed, which will allow to prove to the investor the expediency of investing in an industrial enterprise.

Keywords
investment; investment attractiveness; investment potential; enterprise; matrix model.
Inflation and its Impact on the Economy of Ukraine
Authors: R. Byvshev  , A. Listopadov
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes the causal relationships of the dynamics of inflation processes in Ukraine using the tools of anti-inflationary policy. The main causes of inflationary processes in Ukraine are determined. The main directions for the improvement of anti-inflationary policy in Ukraine are proposed, the main ones being: the development of comprehensive state programs for the development of economic sectors that contribute to the creation of competitive, high-tech and high-tech production, especially in the agro-industrial complex and IT industry; improvement of the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine, which should consist of crediting efficient production in priority sectors of the economy, using a productive issue tool that through a credit channel facilitates the growth of production, import substitution, the saturation of domestic markets with domestic goods, growth of employment and wages; stabilization of the foreign exchange market through currency, banking, and monetary regulation reforms, which are aimed at balancing the development of the foreign exchange market, supporting the development of export-oriented industries with high added value, and creating positive incentives for bringing exporters to the country.

Keywords
inflation, anti-inflation policy, foreign exchange market, industrial products, consumers, producers, price index, national economy.
Pelagra en Sofala (Mozambique) tras el ciclón Idai. Respuesta de Médicos del Mundo
Authors: Miñana Planchart Cristina , Muñoz Martínez Jose Manuel , Ortiz Sánchez Maria Isabel , Sánchez Lozano Sandra S. , Beltrame Luca
Published: February 2020

El 15 de marzo de 2019 el ciclón Idai golpeó intensamente a varios países el sudeste de África, entre ellos, Mozambique. Una de sus provincias más afectada fue Sofala y Médicos del Mundo España (MdM) respondió a la emergencia instalando centros de salud temporales en el distrito de Nhamatanda (provincia de Sofala), para atender las necesidades sanitarias básicas de la población afectada. En el mes de mayo de 2019 se detectó el primer caso de pelagra en un centro operado por MdM, al que siguieron otros muchos en las siguientes semanas. Esto provocó la necesidad de ofrecer una respuesta coordinada. MdM aunó esfuerzos con las autoridades sanitarias, así como con diferentes actores locales e internacionales en la articulación de un plan estratégico basado en la detección de casos, diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la pelagra. En este artículo se describe la experiencia de MdM durante las ocho semanas en las que se detectaron y trataron los casos de pelagra.
Analisis Rantai Nilai dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja dan Keunggulan Kompetitif Perusahaan
Authors: Wijaya Muksin
Published: February 2020

Maksud dan tujuan dari jurnal ini adalah memberikan gambaran umum dan mendasar mengenai analisis rantai nilai sebagai salah satu pendekatan dan alat bantu yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur serta meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif perusahaan dan menghadapi tantangan-tantangan yang ada.  Di dalam tulisan ini juga kita akan mengetahui aktivitas utama yang perlu dilakukan dalam menganalisis rantai nilai, serta aktivitas-aktivitas pendukung lainnya sehingga analisis rantai nilai yang dilakukan dapat memberikan hasil dan kinerja yang lebih optimal bagi perusahaan.

Ketika kita memulai melakukan pengukuran kinerja perusahaan dengan analisis rantai nilai, kita akan dapat menemukan gambaran berbagai dimensi yang dapat kita perbaiki dan kita kembangkan lebih lanjut sehingga perusahaan kita dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan berkelanjutan. Dengan analisis rantai nilai, perusahaan dapat semakin memperkuat kredibilitasnya  dalam menghadapi persaingan bahkan dapat semakin mengasah keunggulan kompetitif perusahaan.

Analisis rantai nilai yang dilakukan perusahaan akan membantu perusahaan untuk memberikan gambar besar mengenai efektivitas kinerja perusahaan, serta tantangan-tantangan  yang perlu dihadapi perusahaan dalam mengimplementasi strategi. Dengan perusahaan mengetahui aspek tersebut, maka perusahaan akan dapat segera mengantisipasinya bahkan segera dapat merancang strategi yang terbaik dan pas diimplementasikan pada perusahaan berdasarkan perubahan lingkungan yang terjadi.
Aplicación de los drones en diversos contextos arqueológicos y en casos de reconstrucción geoarqueológica
Authors: Sampietro Vattuone M. Marta , Peña Monné J. Luis
Published: February 2020

La popularización del uso de los Vehículos Aéreos no Tripulados (VANT), o drones, está influyendo enormemente a la disciplina arqueológica. La incorporación de esta técnica con los procesamientos pertinentes permite una aproximación de gran detalle al conocimiento de los sitios arqueológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar seis casos distintos de aplicación en estudios realizados en Argentina y España que demuestran que esta técnica permite abordar problemas arqueológicos y geoarqueológicos complejos.  El control de las escalas de trabajo, que pueden alcanzar gran detalle, facilita labores como el control patrimonial y el seguimiento multitemporal de los sitios arqueológicos, de gran importancia para conocer  sus problemas de deterioro. Finalmente, se ofrece como una técnica valiosa para la sincronización de las plantas de excavación, aún en el caso de sitios con múltiples ocupaciones o intervenciones espaciadas temporalmente.
INVESTIGACIONES ARQUEOMALACOLÓGICAS EN SUDAMÉRICA: ENTRE LA SUBSISTENCIA, LO UTILITARIO Y LO SIMBÓLICO
Authors: Gordillo Sandra , Gascue Andrés , Pastor Sebastián
Published: February 2020

La malacología en contextos arqueológicos tuvo, en los últimos años y a nivel mundial, un notable impulso con un aumento considerable del número de publicaciones en este campo multi e interdisciplinar donde convergen (a través de los moluscos como eje organizador) las ciencias naturales y sociales.
A Spectral Analysis of Fermi-LLE Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Duan Ming-Ya , Wang Xiang-Gao
Published: February 2020

The prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts remains mysterious since the mechanism is difficult to understand even though there are many more observations with the development of detection technology. Most of the gamma-ray bursts spectra show the Band shape, which consists of the low-energy spectral index α, the high-energy spectral index β, the peak energy E

p
, and the normalization of the spectrum. We present a systematic analysis of the spectral properties of 36 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which were detected by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and simultaneously were also observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the LAT Low Energy (LLE) detector on the Fermi satellite. We performed a detailed time-resolved spectral analysis for all of the bursts in our sample. We found that the time-resolved spectrum at peak flux can be well fitted by the empirical Band function for each burst in our sample. Moreover, the evolution patterns of α and E

p
have been carried for statistical analysis and the parameter correlations have been obtained such as E

p
–F, α–F, and E

p
–α, all of them are presented by performing a detailed time-resolved spectral analysis. We also demonstrated that the two strong positive correlations α–F and E

p
–α for some bursts originate from nonphysical selection effects through simulation.
Neutrino Production Associated with Late Bumps in Gamma-Ray Bursts and Potential Contribution to Diffuse Flux at IceCube
Authors: Guo Gang , Qian Yong-Zhong , Wu Meng-Ru
Published: February 2020

IceCube has detected many TeV–PeV neutrinos, but their astrophysical origins remain largely unknown. Motivated by the observed late-time X-ray/optical bumps in some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we examine the correlation between IceCube neutrinos and GRBs allowing delayed neutrinos ∼days after the prompt gamma-rays. Although we have not found any definitive correlation, up to ∼10% of the events observed so far at IceCube may have been neutrinos produced by the late-time GRB activities at ∼1 day. Assuming a connection between some IceCube events and the late GRB bumps, we show in a model-independent way that GRB sites capable of producing late ∼PeV neutrinos should be nonrelativistic or mildly relativistic. We estimate the diffuse neutrino flux from such sources and find that they can possibly account for a few IceCube events. Future observations of high-energy neutrinos and late-time GRB afterglows can further test the above proposed connection.
Large-scale Dynamics of Winds Originating from Black Hole Accretion Flows. I. Hydrodynamics
Authors: Cui Can , Yuan Feng , Li Bo
Published: February 2020

Winds from black hole accretion flows are ubiquitous. Previous works mainly focus on the launching of wind on the accretion flow scale. It still remains unclear how far the winds can propagate outward and what their large-scale dynamics is. As the first paper of this series, we study the large-scale dynamics of thermal wind beyond accretion scales via analytical and numerical methods. Boundary conditions, which are crucial to our problem, are analyzed and presented based on small-scale simulations combined with observations of winds. Both black hole and galaxy potential are taken into account. For winds originating from hot accretion flows, we find that the wind can reach large scales. The radial profiles of velocity, density, and temperature can be approximated by

and

, where v

r0, ρ
0, and T
0 are the velocity, density, and temperature of winds at the boundary

, and γ is the polytropic index. During the outward propagation, the enthalpy and rotational energy compensate for the increase of gravitational potential. For thin disks, we find that because the Bernoulli parameter is smaller, winds cannot propagate as far as the hot winds, but stop at a certain radius where the Bernoulli parameter is equal to the potential energy. Before the winds stop, the profiles of dynamical quantities can also be approximated by the above relations. In this case, the rotational energy alone compensates for the increase in potential energy.
Probing Cosmic-Ray Transport with Radio Synchrotron Harps in the Galactic Center
Authors: Thomas Timon , Pfrommer Christoph , Enßlin Torsten
Published: February 2020

Recent observations with the MeerKAT radio telescope reveal a unique population of faint nonthermal filaments pervading the central molecular zone, a region rich in molecular gas near the Galactic center. Some of those filaments are organized into groups of almost parallel filaments, seemingly sorted by their length, so that their morphology resembles a harp with radio-emitting “strings.” We argue that the synchrotron-emitting GeV electrons of these radio harps have been consecutively injected by the same source (a massive star or pulsar) into spatially intermittent magnetic fiber bundles within a magnetic flux tube or via time-dependent injection events. After escaping from this source, the propagation of cosmic-ray (CR) electrons inside a flux tube is governed by the theory of CR transport. We propose to use observations of radio harp filaments to gain insight into the specifics of CR propagation along magnetic fields of which there are two principle modes: CRs could either stream with self-excited magnetohydrodynamic waves or diffuse along the magnetic field. To disentangle these possibilities, we conduct hydrodynamical simulations of either purely diffusing or streaming CR electrons and compare the resulting brightness distributions to the observed synchrotron profiles of the radio harps. We find compelling evidence that CR streaming is the dominant propagation mode for GeV CRs in one of the radio harps. Observations at higher angular resolution should detect more radio harps and may help to disentangle projection effects of the possibly three-dimensional flux-tube structure of the other radio harps.
Modern Technologies Used in Education
Authors: Bocanet Vlad I. , Fleseriu Cristina
Published: February 2020

This chapter gives an insight into technologies that can improve the learning experience of the students in higher education and increase their academic results. The authors look at online learning technologies like the massive open online course and how they can be used to flip the classroom in order to get higher student engagement and satisfaction. Methods like problem-based learning and active learning are also addressed together with ways of increasing student motivation like gamification. The use of social media in education is also addressed. In the second part, the authors share their experience with using some of these technologies. Although these technologies have become widely available, each teacher needs to find the right tools and methods specific to his/her own class and use them accordingly.
Mathematics Exercise Generator
Authors: Oliveira Maria Paula , Carvalho Paula
Published: February 2020

Nowadays, the process of teaching and learning is changing from a traditional model in which teachers were the source of information to a model in which teachers appear as advisors who carefully observe students, assist in the selection of information by identifying their learning needs, and support students in their autonomous study. In this chapter, the authors describe an approach used in curricular units of first year in science and engineer degrees, which results from a connection of three projects born in University of Aveiro—MEGUA, SIACUA, and PmatE—and the interconnections of their informatics platforms. Although any scientific area besides mathematics can use this tool, the authors focus in a case study using an example on a specific topic of calculus courses for first year students on Engineering: Sequences and Series of Functions. The methodology described allows teachers to achieve further goals on learning strategies and students to have enough material to practice.
Use of Digital Objects for Improving the Learning Process
Authors: Ovtšarenko Olga , Safiulina Elena , Makuteniene Daiva , Timinskas Edgaras
Published: February 2020

Effective integration of virtual technologies is aimed at improving the quality of education. It is very important to form trends of study at the initial stage of education. This document presents the first steps in the project “Development of a Virtual Learning Environment in Technical Higher Education,” jointly funded by the Erasmus program, which includes institutions from four countries: Estonia, Lithuania, Turkey, and Poland, for 24 months. It aims to create a digital house simulator and a set of training materials for construction specialties freshmen. The tasks of this simulator are to give a learner the opportunity to independently obtain knowledge about the details of the structure through the internet without special equipment. Learning through the virtual house model will help students develop spatial thinking, which is necessary for success in graphics and engineering in general. This, in turn, will increase their professional competence, since spatial visualization refers to the curriculum for all industrial technologies and engineering programs.
The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Method in Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Toklu Merve Cengiz
Published: February 2020

Decision-making process is the selection of the most appropriate one among the alternatives. Different selection criteria are considered in the decision-making process. Simultaneous assessment of different evaluation criteria may not always be possible. Multi-criteria decision-making techniques provide an easily applicable mathematical solution in this respect. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is one of the multi-criteria decision-making techniques. This method is used in many problems in literature and allows multiple decision makers to choose the most suitable alternative by evaluating them together with different criteria. Assessments of decision makers may include linguistic statements. In this case, the Fuzzy Logic approach can be used. In this chapter, Fuzzy TOPSIS method is explained with a detailed numerical example.
Data Analysis on Global Stratification
Authors: Bhatele Kirti Raj , Singhal Stuti , Mithora Muktasha R. , Sharma Sneha
Published: February 2020

This chapter will guide you through the modeling, uses, and trends in data analysis and data science. The authors focus on the importance of pictorial data in replacement of numeric data. In most situations, graphical representation of data can present the information more distinctly, informative, and in less space than the same information requires in sentence form. This chapter provides a brief knowledge about representing data to more understandable form such that any person whether layman or not can understand it without any difficulty. This chapter also deals with the software Tableau which we use to convert the table data into graphical data. This Chapter contains 11 heat maps related to the world economies and their detailed study on several different topics. It will also give light on the basics of Python Language and its various algorithm studies to compare all the world economies based on their development.
Applying a Developmental Lens to Educational Game Designs for Preschoolers
Authors: Callaghan Melissa N , Reich Stephanie M
Published: February 2020

Preschool-aged learners process information differently from older individuals, making it critical to design digital educational games that are tailored to capitalize on young children's learning capabilities. This in-depth literature synthesis connects features of digital educational game design - including visuals, feedback, scaffolding challenge, rewards, and physical interactions to how young children learn. Preschoolers' interests and abilities (e.g., limited attention-span, early reading skills, etc.) are different than older users. As such, developmental science should be used to guide the design of educational games from aesthetic decisions that capture preschoolers' initial interest (e.g., meaningful characters) to carefully select end-of-game rewards (e.g., leveling up). This article connects learning and developmental science research to the design of digital educational games, offering insights into how best to design games for young users and how to select developmentally appropriate games for children.
Bio-Based Products
Authors: Wurster Simone , Ladu Luana , Arisaktiwardhana Dhandy
Published: February 2020

Communicating the related environmental benefits of bio-based products to consumers represents a key component of their market uptake. In this regard, the use of ecolabels ISO 14024 Type I play a crucial role. This article identifies and analyzes different criteria proposed by ecolabels for conducting a sustainability assessment of bio-based products considering its entire lifecycle. A comparison of the selected criteria with existing indicators ruled out by the SDGs is proposed. Through expert consultation, the suitability of existing ecolabel criteria for bio-based products has been tested for four applications of biobased products: food packaging from PLA; biobased automotive components; bio-based mulch film; and bio-based insulation material.
A TGF-β– and p63-Responsive Enhancer Regulates IFN-κ Expression in Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Klein Katrin , Habiger Christina , Iftner Thomas , Stubenrauch Frank
Published: February 2020

Type I IFNs have antiviral and immune-modulating activities. IFN-α/-β have very low basal expression levels but are strongly induced upon activation of pattern recognition receptors. In contrast, IFN-κ is constitutively expressed in uninfected keratinocytes and responds only weakly to pattern recognition receptor activation. IFN-κ expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases and in limiting human papillomavirus replication in human keratinocytes. We have identified an enhancer ∼5 kb upstream of the IFNK gene driving its expression in keratinocytes. The enhancer consists of binding sites for the transcription factors jun-B, SMAD3/4, AP-2α/γ, and p63, of which the latter two are key regulators of keratinocyte biology. The jun-B and SMAD3/4 elements confer activation by the TGF-β pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK1/2 kinases activates IFN-κ expression. Our study provides a framework for the cell type–specific, constitutive expression of IFN-κ and its modulation by signal transduction pathways in human keratinocytes.
Irregular migration and the EU-external border policy in Africa: historical and philosophical insights
Authors: Faleye Olukayode A.
Published: February 2020

This paper advances a historical and philosophical explanation of the dynamics of irregular migration and the EU-external border policy in Africa. The refugee crisis in Europe has led to tougher security measures, including the EU’s externalization of its boundaries to transit countries with serious implication for human security and regional stability in Africa. In re-assessing the foundation of international migration policies through historical and philosophical lenses, this work brings to the fore the internal contradictions in EU-external border policy in Africa. Whereas migration studies have drawn insights from political and applied moral philosophy, this approach is rare in the debate on irregular migration and informal transborder flows between the EU and Africa. The article particularly unveils the inter-relational complexity between globalization, migration, human rights and development. The approach is qualitative based on the critical analysis of ethnographic survey, government documents, mass media reports and existing literature. Underpinned by the philosophical tenets of the Hobbesian “collective right” and Lockean concept of “inalienable” human rights, as well as the discourse on the “priority thesis”, it concludes that the resolution of the migration dilemma lies in the ethical modification of the immigration laws in line with the universal notion of democratic values, the rule of law, human rights and the reality of global inter-connectivity.Keywords: Africa, External Border Control, European Union, Development, Human Rights, Irregular Migration; Priority Thesis
Perceived patient benefits from using prescription opioids and other therapies to manage persistent pain
Authors: Mitra, MD, MBBS, FRACGP, DA, Dip. AC Farzana , Woolley, PhD, MPHTM Torres
Published: February 2020

Objective: There is current controversy surrounding the long-term prescription of opioids to persistent pain (PP) patients due to potential dangers of addiction and overdose. This study is the first to explore the perspectives of PP patients attending a multidisciplinary pain clinic on the benefits associated with using opioids and other self-medication strategies for pain relief.Design, patients, and setting: Cross-sectional study utilizing a self-administered survey of patients attending an Australian General Practice pain clinic for treatment of PP for at least 1 year (n = 93; response rate = 89 percent). Results: Of the 93 participants, 79 percent reported being on opioid medication, with 49 percent on such medication for over 1 year. One or more side-effects were experienced by 53 percent of PP patients using opioids (although all felt these side-effects were at least “somewhat” acceptable). In addition, 64 percent of PP on opioid medication felt the benefits were “substantially” worth the risk of harm, and 50 percent reported their medication had led to “substantial” improvements in their quality of life. Many PP patients also used nonprescription medications and other complementary therapies for pain relief; however, only the illicit drug cannabis was consistently stated (by 79 percent of users) to have benefits regarding relaxation and sleeping.Conclusion: Overall, PP patients felt the benefits of opioid use outweighed the risks, and using opioid medication significantly improved their quality of life. This may be partly due to the poor efficacy of other nonprescription medications and complementary therapies in managing PP beyond short-term relief.
Uncertainty analysis of a European high-resolution emission inventory of CO2 and CO to support inverse modelling and network design
Authors: Super Ingrid , Dellaert Stijn N. C. , Visschedijk Antoon J. H. , Denier van der Gon Hugo A. C.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions is receiving a
lot of attention because of its relevance for climate mitigation.
Complementary to official reported bottom-up emission inventories,
quantification can be done with an inverse modelling framework, combining
atmospheric transport models, prior gridded emission inventories and a
network of atmospheric observations to optimize the emission inventories. An
important aspect of such a method is a correct quantification of the
uncertainties in all aspects of the modelling framework. The uncertainties
in gridded emission inventories are, however, not systematically analysed.
In this work, a statistically coherent method is used to quantify the
uncertainties in a high-resolution gridded emission inventory of CO2
and CO for Europe. We perform a range of Monte Carlo simulations to
determine the effect of uncertainties in different inventory components,
including the spatial and temporal distribution, on the uncertainty in total
emissions and the resulting atmospheric mixing ratios. We find that the
uncertainties in the total emissions for the selected domain are 1 % for
CO2 and 6 % for CO. Introducing spatial disaggregation causes a
significant increase in the uncertainty of up to 40 % for CO2
and 70 % for CO for specific grid cells. Using gridded uncertainties, specific
regions can be defined that have the largest uncertainty in emissions and
are thus an interesting target for inverse modellers. However, the largest
sectors are usually the best-constrained ones (low relative uncertainty), so
the absolute uncertainty is the best indicator for this. With this knowledge,
areas can be identified that are most sensitive to the largest emission
uncertainties, which supports network design.
Localized basal area affects soil respiration temperature sensitivity in a coastal deciduous forest
Authors: Pennington Stephanie C. , McDowell Nate G. , Megonigal J. Patrick , Stegen James C. , Bond-Lamberty Ben
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs), the flow of CO2 from the soil
surface to the atmosphere, is one of the largest carbon fluxes in the
terrestrial biosphere. The spatial variability of Rs is both large and
poorly understood, limiting our ability to robustly scale it in space. One
factor in Rs spatial variability is the autotrophic contribution from
plant roots, but it is uncertain how the presence of plants affects the
magnitude and temperature sensitivity of Rs. This study used 1 year of Rs measurements to examine the effect of localized basal area on
Rs in the growing and dormant seasons, as well as during
moisture-limited times, in a temperate, coastal, deciduous forest in eastern
Maryland, USA. In a linear mixed-effects model, tree basal area within a 5 m
radius (BA5) exerted a significant positive effect on the temperature
sensitivity of soil respiration. Soil moisture was the dominant control on
Rs during the dry portions of the year, while soil moisture,
temperature, and BA5 all exerted significant effects on Rs in
wetter periods. Our results suggest that autotrophic respiration is more
sensitive to temperature than heterotrophic respiration at these sites,
although we did not measure these source fluxes directly, and that soil
respiration is highly moisture sensitive, even in a record-rainfall year.
The Rs flux magnitudes (0.46–15.0 µmol m−2 s−1) and
variability (coefficient of variability 10 %–23 % across plots) observed
in this study were comparable to values observed in similar forests. Six
Rs observations would be required in order to estimate the mean across
all study sites to within 50 %, and 518 would be required in order to
estimate it to within 5 %, with 95 % confidence. A better understanding
of the spatial interactions between plants and microbes, as well as the
strength and speed of above- and belowground coupling, is necessary to
link these processes with large-scale soil-to-atmosphere C fluxes.
Late Pliocene Cordilleran Ice Sheet development with warm northeast Pacific sea surface temperatures
Authors: Sánchez-Montes Maria Luisa , McClymont Erin L. , Lloyd Jeremy M. , Müller Juliane , Cowan Ellen A. , Zorzi Coralie
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The initiation and evolution of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet are relatively poorly constrained. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 341 recovered marine sediments at Site U1417 in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Here we present alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) analyses alongside ice-rafted debris (IRD), terrigenous, and marine organic matter inputs to the GOA through the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. The first IRD contribution from tidewater glaciers in southwest Alaska is recorded at 2.9 Ma, indicating that the Cordilleran Ice Sheet extent increased in the late Pliocene. A higher occurrence of IRD and higher
sedimentation rates in the GOA during the early Pleistocene, at 2.5 Ma,
occur in synchrony with SSTs warming on the order of 1 ∘C relative
to the Pliocene. All records show a high degree of variability in the early
Pleistocene, indicating highly efficient ocean–climate–ice interactions
through warm SST–ocean evaporation–orographic precipitation–ice growth
mechanisms. A climatic shift towards ocean circulation in the subarctic
Pacific similar to the pattern observed during negative Pacific Decadal
Oscillation (PDO) conditions today occurs with the development of more extensive Cordilleran glaciation and may have played a role through increased moisture supply to the subarctic Pacific. The drop in atmospheric CO2 concentrations since 2.8 Ma is suggested as one of the main forcing mechanisms driving the Cordilleran glaciation.