bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technique applied in the fabrication of two-layered tablets: The concept of a combined polypill
Authors: Adamov Ivana , Medarević Đorđe , Ivković Branka , Ivković Aleksandar , Ibrić Svetlana
Published: January 2023

Ever since 3D printing was introduced to the field of pharmacy, it has caused a paradigm shift from the manufacturing of large-scale to small batches of medicines tailored accordingly to the specific needs of patients. This study aimed to formulate and fabricate two-layered 3D tablets using the digital light processing (DLP) technique. Hydrochlorothiazide (HHT,5%,w/w) and warfarin sodium (WS,5%,w/w) were selected as model drugs. The printing process was initiated with 0.1% of photoinitiator, at a constant ratio of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) 400, 1:1, with the addition of water (10%,w/w). Single-layered tablets of 8.00 mm diameter and 1.50 mm thickness, containing HHT and WS respectively, were successfully printed, as well as combined two-layered 3D tablets, with each of the active substances in separate layers. Dissolution tests of single-layered tablets showed immediate, but incomplete release of WS (81.47±1.47%, after 45min), and prolonged and complete release of HHT (98.17±3.11%, after 8h), while significantly slower and incomplete release of both drugs from the combined two-layered 3D tablets was observed. The absence of drug-polymer interaction and presence of a layered cross-sectional tablet structure were confirmed. DLP technique enables simple and rapid fabrication of combined two-layered 3D tablets, while further optimization of formulation factors is necessary to achieve complete drug release.
Data mining techniques applied in the analysis of historical data
Authors: Kovačević Jovana , Kovačević Aleksandar , Miletić Tijana , Đuriš Jelena , Ibrić Svetlana
Published: January 2023

Understanding the effect of the characteristics of formulation and process parameters on the physicochemical properties of a pharmaceutical product is very significant for the development of solid dosage forms, as the knowledge gained on small scale batches in the early phase of development is used in the later phases of product lifecycle or in the development of other products. One of the approaches for gaining a better understanding of the effects of the formulation and production process on the quality of the finished product is to apply a systematical approach which concerns performing experiments according to a predefined factorial or fractional factorial experimental plan. However, often it is the case that there are available data gathered in a non-systematic way, because experiments were not performed according to a predetermined experimental plan. In such a case, data mining techniques could be used to extract useful data from the historical data set. In this research, the possibility of using several data mining techniques to build models that describe the effect of formulation characteristics on acid resistance and dissolution profile of a model drug from gastro-resistant pellets. The model drug used in the research is duloxetine hydrochloride from the group of antidepressants. It belongs to the BCS 2 class of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and it is therefore necessary for the release profile of duloxetine to be characterized by a higher number of tested time points. The developed models can be used for planning future laboratory trials, or in the development of other products.
Quality evaluation of wines from Kosovo and Metohija: Polyphenols content, antioxidant activity and elemental composition
Authors: Jevtić Sonja , Mutić Jelena , Đurđić Slađana , Babincev Ljiljana , Gurešić Dejan , Stanković Dalibor , Petković Branka
Published: January 2023

Wine is a very rich source of polyphenols and essential elements which have multiple biological activities. This study evaluates the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) of sixteen wine samples made from different grape varieties in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija, mostly from the area of Orahovac and Velika Hoča. The obtained results, determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, showed that wines from territory of Kosovo and Metohija are rich in polyphenols, with TPC ranges from 276±16 to 371±46 (white wines) and 1467±32 to 2823±43 mg gallic acid equivalents GAE/L (red wines). The total antioxidant activities, determined by ABTS method, range from 8.7±0.4 to 22.8±0.7 mmol trolox equivalents TE/L for red wines and from 1.3±0.1 to 3.8±0.3 mmol TE/L for white wines. Elemental content of studied wines showed certain difference between wines from nearby regions.
Comparative analysis of geomechanical verification the slope stability in the zone of preventive maintenance hall of the coal mine Pljevlja
Authors: Milijanović Aleksandar , Stanić Nikola , Stepanović Saša , Gomilanović Miljan
Published: January 2023

During the geomechanical verification the stability of mining facilities, it is necessary to correctly select the calculated values of the rock material properties from an engineering point of view. In order to complete the previous steps, the starting point is data collection from the open pit. This characterizes the demanding work that is put before the engineers, all with the aim of forming a quality database within which the various characteristics of rock mass, covered by the open pit, are collected and analyzed. Based on this, it is possible to adopt the calculation values of the rock material properties, all with the aim of obtaining the relevant data for the slope stability analysis using different groups of methods. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of determination the safety factors in a part of the Hall for preventive mechanical and electrical maintenance at the Potrlica open pit. Considering the state of working slope in the position of the Hall for preventive mechanical and electrical maintenance, the system of cracks, as well as the presumed faults that occur in the mentioned zone, it is necessary to include in the analysis different groups of methods for verification the safety factor of analyzed working slope. The application of different analysis methods creates an opportunity for a comparative analysis of the obtained safety factors, which is a direct indicator of the state of analyzed working slope.
Rehabilitation of the landslide at the "Landfill 3" in the zone of the Čukaru Peki flotation tailing dump
Authors: Rajković Radmilo , Kržanović Daniel , Mikić Miomir , Požega Emina
Published: January 2023

The "Landfill 3" was formed at the location of the flotation tailing dump "Čukaru Peki", where the earthen material, created during the dam construction of the flotation tailing dump was placed. A part of the deposited material and substrate at this landfill has slipped that endangers the local road and "Kusak" stream at the landfill foot. That is why this landslide needs to be rehabilitated.
Overview of application the Soft Computing methods in the field of mining in our country and in the world
Authors: Stanić Nikola , Gomilanović Miljan , Stepanović Saša , Milijanović Aleksandar
Published: January 2023

Application of the Soft computing in the mining industry is of great importance. This paper shows only a part of the published scientific and professional articles on application the Soft Computing methods in our country and in the world in the field of mining. Originally, the Soft Computing methods arose from the need to analyze the complex processes and problems in a quick and simple way with relatively little knowledge of the influencing parameters. Considering that the mining problem is related to numerous and largely insufficiently investigated influential factors, the soft computing methods are widely applied in this area and their application leads to an improvement in understanding the mutual influence of natural and technical-technological factors in the processes of exploitation, selection and maintenance of the basic and auxiliary mining equipment, the impact of mining operations on the environment, social environment and other aspects of mining activities.
Analysis of the working environment conditions in the function of water drainage into massive at the quarry Veliki Krivelj
Authors: Stepanović Saša , Stanić Nikola , Doderović Aleksandar , Novković Željana
Published: January 2023

The conditions of the open pit drainage are usually very complex and, as a rule, insufficiently researched. When it comes to the exploitation of technical stone, especially limestone, the working environment is characterized by the crack porosity, and the present system of cracks and faults, apart from being in a complex relationship with each other, is characterized by greater or lesser water permeability as a function of the size of crack openings, type of material with which they are filled and degree of filling. As a result of exploitation works, the seismic impact that occurs as a result of blasting at the open pit, change in stress conditions due to the excavation and filling of the openings of existing cracks by the formation of transport roads and working plateaus at the open pit itself and during exploitation, the working environment conditions are changed, affecting the selection and functioning of drainage system of the open pit. Due to a number of affecting factors and their changes during exploitation, the selection and achievement of high efficiency of the open pit drainage system is a complex task. When it comes to testing the possibility of applying the water drainage from the open pit into surrounding rock massif, in order to achieve the expected high efficiency and safety of the drainage system, the working environment characteristics must be well known. This paper presents an analysis of application the conditions of the Kriveljski Kamen open pit drainage system by mine water drainage into massif [1]. This type of system was analyzed as a part of development the limestone exploitation project at this open pit with the basic idea of creating a reliable and economical system for protecting the open pit from water in the conditions of extremely high rainfall.
The judicial implementation of the right to the truth: Some thoughts on the Argentinian experience of the Juicios por la Verdad
Authors: Chisari Chiara
Published: January 2023

Safeguarding the right to the truth has become crucial in dealing with systematic violations of human rights. Especially in contexts of transition to democracy, telling the truth is considered of utmost importance for fighting against impunity and promoting peace. Nevertheless, scholars have paid little attention to the judicial implementation of this right and, in particular, to the value of judicial protection of the right to the truth. The article aims to fill this gap by discussing the Juicios por la Verdad (the Truth Trials), a unique experience promoted by the Argentinian civil society in the wake of the military dictatorship. Specifically, it investigates the impact of the judicial recognition of the right to the truth on both the victims' lives and society's attempt to come to terms with the past. The analysis shows that the right to the truth may serve as a tool for knowledge, acknowledgment, strengthening the rule of law and, to an extent, for justice.
The EU institutional model of competition law enforcement evisited: How much rule of law suffices?
Authors: Marković-Bajalović Dijana
Published: January 2023

The EU model of competition law enforcement has been criticized by many authors ever since antitrust provisions in the EEC Treaty became effective. The fundamental contradiction between the high level of fines threatened (and often imposed) for antitrust violations and the administrative, inquisitorial procedure for investigating antitrust offences and imposing sanctions has principally inspired the critics. The compatibility of the EU model with Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (the ECHR) was disputed, instigating the EU institutions to take steps to improve the institutional and procedural framework for applying competition rules. This process has not been completed yet. Directive 2019/1 raised additional controversies regarding the compliance of variegated national enforcement models with the rule of law. This article aims to analyze the genesis of the competition enforcement model in the EU, which materialized mainly through the EU secondary legislation and ECJ case law. We evaluate the EU model against the enforcement system imagined by the Ordoliberal school of thought and, secondly, against administrative models existing in two "old" Member States, in which the rule of law has deeply rooted - France and Germany. We conclude by identifying the most cumbersome deficiencies of the EU model and proposing possible solutions for eliminating them.
Catechism without God: Legal basis and ideological premises of teaching Marxism in schools of socialist Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1991
Authors: Božić Marko
Published: January 2023

The paper sketches a general timeline and defines key milestones in some fifty years long teaching Marxism within the state school system of the socialist Yugoslavia. The research relies primarily on relevant legal framework, especially the School Reform Acts of 1958 and 1974, and associated doctrinal writings. Through discourse analysis of these legal and doctrinal sources, the paper discloses the evolving role and purpose of teaching Marxism as an institutionalized belief that was meant to contend the traditional religion. By questioning the experience of this socalled school-Marxism, the study contributes to a better understanding of socialist secularism as a historical phenomenon, potentially also instigating new attempts at reconsidering whole series of old, yet still persisting controversies, such as interrelation of science and atheism, the role and place of moral education, or religious neutrality of school curricula.
Parliamentary representation of national minorities in Serbia and Hungary: Mechanism for effective participation of minorities, or tool for political manipulation?
Authors: Korhecz Tamás
Published: January 2023

In multiethnic states, in which numerically large national, ethnic or linguistic minorities exist with a strong distinct identity, the principle of democracy requires that these groups have representatives in parliaments. However, in many multiethnic states the national-ethnic majority makes efforts to exclude or minimize the representation of minority national-ethnic groups in legislative bodies. Serbia and Hungary are nation states with relatively high percentage of citizens belonging to national-ethnic minorities, and with developed systems of the protection of minority rights. Both states enacted electoral laws facilitating the representation of national minorities in highest elected state bodies. This article describes, critically analyzes and compares the electoral rules and their practical implementation in both states, in order to answer the question whether these rules make it efficiently possible for national minorities to acquire proper representation in parliament. In order to answer this question, the results and experiences of the latest parliamentary elections - organized in 2022 in both states - will be elaborated as well.
Less is more?: On the number of judges and judicial efficiency
Authors: Spaić Bojan , Đorđević Mila
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we deal with the relationship between the relative number of judges within a jurisdiction and the efficiency of the judiciary. To determine how the number of judges influences efficiency, we compare data on the judiciary from six countries: Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Austria and Norway. The analysis is based on data collected within the 2020 Evaluation cycle (2018 data) of CEPEJ and World Justice Report Rule of Law Index for 2018. We conclude that judicial efficiency does not increase with an increase in the number of judges in a jurisdiction.
Isokinetic exercises in quadriceps strength and endurance recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Dragičević-Cvjetković Dragana , Erceg-Rukavina Tatjana , Jovičić Željko
Published: January 2023

Background/Aim: Muscle strength and endurance recovery of the quadriceps after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is necessary for normal knee function. In addition to the use of the isokinetic dynamometer for diagnostic purposes, its possible therapeutic effect is also important, ie targeted correction of the measured muscle deficit. This work was aimed to examine the level of quadriceps strength and endurance recovery 6 months after the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients who performed isokinetic training and to determine whether it is a superior therapeutic intervention compared to isodynamic training. Methods: A total of 70 patients of both sexes were monitored in a prospective clinical study. Three months postoperatively, all patients had quadriceps torque measured to body weight on an isokinetic dynamometer at angular speeds of 60 and 180 °/s. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of applied rehabilitation protocol. Group A patients (n = 35) underwent a rehabilitation program 5 times a week using an individual kinesitherapy program (isometric and isotonic exercises for quadriceps and hamstrings) and neuromuscular electrostimulation of the quadriceps. In addition patients from group B (n = 35) were included in targeted isokinetic exercises for the quadriceps. Control isokinetic testing was performed 6 months after surgery. The comparison of the effect of the applied therapeutic procedures in groups A and B was performed with the Student t-test (p < 0.05). Results: An average age of patients was 27.29 ± 5.94 years. In patients in group B, statistically significantly higher values of the peak torque to body weight were measured at angular velocities of 60 and 180 °/s for the quadriceps of the operated knee 6 months after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with hamstring tendons (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Isokinetic training achieved significantly better quadriceps strength and endurance in patients 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendons compared to dynamic exercises.
The effect of sulphate-sulphide mineral baths on blood glucose level in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Erceg-Rukavina Tatjana , Dragičević-Cvjetković Dragana , Đuric Dragan , Stojiljković Miloš , Škrbić Ranko
Published: January 2023

Background/Aim: Type 2 diabetes is a common comorbidity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Bearing in mind that obesity and insulin resistance are risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis, physical therapy and balneotherapy containing hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has a positive effect on the functional and metabolic status of these patients. This work was aimed to investigate the effect of sulphate-sulphide-rich mineral baths containing H2S on the level of serum glucose in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: An open prospective randomised clinical trial included patients suffering from stage I and II of the knee osteoarthritis. Patients were divided into two groups of 40 subjects each: control group and experimental group. All subjects underwent inpatient physical treatment consisting of kinesitherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 6 days a week. Patients from experimental group, in addition to all the mentioned treatments, also took sulphate-sulphide mineral water baths once a day for 30 minutes for 7 days, unlike the patients from control group who took tap water baths, according to the same schedule. The level of serum glucose was monitored in all patients on admission, after discharge and 6 months after the treatment. The Student t-test was used for statistical data processing and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Study included 80 patients of both sexes, with an average age of 67.00 ± 5.75 years. All patients had elevated serum glucose values on admission. The initial levels of glycaemia in the control and experimental groups were not significantly different (6.99 ± 1.95 and 7.88 ± 1.90 mmol/L, respectively). At discharge, patients who performed balneotherapy had a statistically significant decrease in serum glucose values compared to patients from the control group (by 1.84 vs 0.26 mmol/L, p < 0.001). This effect did not persist six months after the end of the treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The application of balneotherapy with sulphate-sulphide mineral baths containing H2S as a potent gas transmitter significantly reduces serum glucose levels in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Beatriz Echeverri Dávila, La Gripe Española cien años después. Breve crónica del COVID-19
Authors: Castillo Patton Andy Eric
Published: January 2023

-
Controlling an HIV Hotspot
Authors: Mendiharat Pierre , Rahmouni Elba , Salumu Léon
Published: January 2023

Despite a concerted international effort in recent decades that has yielded
significant progress in the fight against HIV/AIDS, the disease continues to
kill large numbers of people. Although there is still no definitive cure or
vaccine, UNAIDS has set an ambitious goal of ending the epidemic by 2030,
specifically via its 90-90-90 (‘treatment cascade’) strategy
– namely that 90 per cent of those with HIV will know their status, 90
per cent of those who know their status will be on antiretroviral therapy and 90
per cent of those on antiretroviral therapy will have an undetectable viral
load. These bold assumptions were put to the test in a five-year pilot project
launched in June 2014 by MSF and Kenya’s Ministry of Health in Ndhiwa
district, where an initial NHIPS 1 study by Epicentre (MSF’s epidemiology
centre) in 2012 revealed some of the world’s highest HIV incidence and
prevalence, and a poor treatment cascade. Six years later, a new Epicentre
study, NHIPS 2, showed that the 90-90-90 target had been more than met. What
explains this ‘success’? And given the still-high incidence, is it
truly a success? MSF Deputy Director of Operations Pierre Mendiharat and
physician Léon Salumu, Head of MSF France Kenya programmes, discuss the
political, scientific and operational challenges of the Ndhiwa project in an
interview conducted by Elba Rahmouni.
Seeing Suffering
Authors: Flynn Jeffrey
Published: January 2023

This review essay focuses on two books, Heide Fehrenbach and Davide
Rodogno’s Humanitarian Photography: A History (2015) and
Lasse Heerten’s The Biafran War and Postcolonial Humanitarianism:
Spectacles of Suffering (2017). It situates the books in relation
to broader debates about similarities and differences between humanitarianism
and human rights practice, with a particular focus on the visual cultures of and
ethical debates surrounding representations of suffering.
The Main Directions of Increasing the Effectiveness of Liability for Recidivism of Administrative Offenses
Authors: Akhtanina Natal'ya Anatol'evna
Published: January 2023

The object of the study is social relations arising on the basis of legal norms regulating administrative responsibility in the commission of several administrative offenses. The subject of the study is: scientific literature, regulatory legal acts and law enforcement practice considering the commission by the same person for the second or more time after bringing to administrative responsibility an intentional administrative offense. The methodological basis of this article is formed by general and particular scientific methods of cognition, including: - dialectical method (when studying the institute of administrative responsibility, establishing links and contradictions of phenomena, implementing their legal assessment); - historical method (in the study of the evolution of the recurrence of administrative offenses, its chronological features and relationships);- interpretation of the norms of law (when studying the norms governing the issues of bringing to administrative responsibility); - system-structural (when studying the conditions and procedure for bringing to responsibility for administrative offenses); - formal legal (when analyzing the norms of administrative law, developing author's conclusions, provisions); - logical (when presenting the research topic and formulating theoretical and practical conclusions), as well as other methods. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the justified and planned changes in administrative legislation, which determines the relevance of improving the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation in terms of regulating issues of administrative responsibility for offenses committed by a person previously subjected to administrative punishment. Based on the analysis of modern administrative delicacy, the author concludes that it is necessary to distinguish a new form of recidivism in the multiplicity of administrative offenses. The social danger of relapse is caused by the greater danger of the act, and at the same time the identity of the perpetrator, the persistence of his antisocial views. The fact that a new intentional offense was committed by a person to whom administrative punishment measures were applied indicates that the previous punishment was insufficiently effective, which should be the basis for imposing a more severe punishment, including the basis for prejudicial elements of crimes.
Prevention of Professional Deformation of Employees of Internal Affairs Bodies: Psychological, Pedagogical, Organizational and Legal Aspects
Authors: Korsun Ksenia Ivanovna , Zadorina Mariia Andreevna
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the issue of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies and prevention of its occurrence and development. The subject of the study are regulations, scientific publications and conditions for the organization of work on the prevention of professional deformation of employees in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research is an interdisciplinary approach that allows accumulating the achievements of scientists from different fields – pedagogy, psychology, management and law. During the research, analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation, study of experience, special legal methods of cognition were used. The reasons for the appearance of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies are considered. Special attention is paid to the stages of formation of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies. In order to reduce the risk of exposure to the development of occupational deformation, the authors state the need for timely prevention of occupational deformation and offer its possible options. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the complex of preventive measures proposed by the authors that contribute to the prevention of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies. The authors come to the conclusion that for the successful implementation of preventive measures to prevent the development of professional deformation, it is necessary to expand the staff of the psychological service, develop the institute of mentoring, develop and adopt programs for the prevention of professional deformation of employees in specific departments of internal affairs bodies, taking into account the specifics of their activities, improve pedagogical and other conditions for the prevention of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies. The results of the study will be useful to specialists of personnel and psychological services, the management staff of the internal affairs bodies, as well as specialists in educational work of higher educational institutions that train future employees of the internal affairs bodies of Russia.
A Source Complex for the Construction of a Scientifically Based Virtual Reconstruction of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin of the XIX - early XX Centuries.
Authors: Pavlov Kirill Vital'evich
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of forming a source complex on the history of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin of the XIX - early XX centuries in order to create its scientifically based virtual reconstruction. As a result of many years of work, the author has collected a significant documentary base on the history of the temple, which includes four large groups of sources: written, pictorial (graphic), cartographic and material (museum exhibits). Each of them is analyzed in detail with the allocation of materials that are most important for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the designated historical object. The paper also discusses methods and technologies for analysis, verification and initial digital processing of pictorial sources from its composition. The scientific novelty of the study is expressed in the fact that for the first time a relevant source complex on the history of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the 1830s was formed, which radically distinguishes this study from previous excursion and tourist virtual reconstructions of this temple. In addition, the technique of digital processing of visual sources and their translation into 3D format, developed by the author and presented in this article, has a certain novelty, which allows to preserve their original appearance as much as possible. The collected documentary base on the history of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin allowed us to assert the possibility of its authentic historical virtual reconstruction.
Сommodity and Money Flows in Russian Empire in the Second half of the Nineteenth Century: Network and Geoinformation Analysis
Authors: Salomatina Sofya
Published: January 2023

This article deals with the domestic interregional cash flows in the Russian Empire, which flowed in the opposite direction to the flows of commodities and services; thus, they can be used as proxies of the resource allocation and uneven development of regions. This study is based on the statistics of transfers between branches of the State Bank of the Russian Empire, and it conducts a network and geoinformation analysis for 1868, 1878, 1888, and 1898. The study proves that the top segment of the payment network, including ties with St. Petersburg and Moscow, was organized like a “double star” (i.e., a star-type network with centers in two capitals with a huge flow between them). From St. Petersburg, the largest proportion of payments for goods and services were dispersed throughout the country, while Moscow was primarily a nationwide center for buying goods or receiving payments. The metropolitan segment always serviced more than half of all settlements in the country. In the European part of the empire, the largest regional ties (beyond the capitals) looked like the flows in the “pre-railway” period (1868); then, the largest flows were redistributed along the principal railways (1878); later, the flows compressed during the depression (1888); and then, the intraregional (local) flows increased sharply due to the expansion of local railroads (1898). Large interregional flows in the Asian part of the empire were inferior in size to those in the European part; until the 1890s, their main axis was the ties between Tomsk and Irkutsk as well as access to Nizhny Novgorod in the European part (through Yekaterinburg from the 1870s onwards). In the 1890s, new segments appeared in the Far East, in the Steppe Region (Kazakhstan), and in Central Asia.
Dynamics and Factors of Medical Service in European Russia at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Danilov Evgenii Vladimirovich
Published: January 2023

The article examines the evolution of medical service in European Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it is displayed that by 1913 the number of medical care cases increased by half up to 550 services per 1000 people. The key factors determining the dispersion of medical service were health care funding level, doctor and paramedics availability and the zemstvo status of the province. Also, a statistically significant relationship was revealed between medical service and the level of well-being of the population. In urban area, the independent factors determine the variance of studied factor substantially worse than the one in rural areas; by 1913, the most significant factor changed from the zemstvo status of the province to the level of accessibility of medical care. The obtained data allow to infer that in the Russian Empire there were parallel and interdependent processes of developing practices of public health organization and healthcare seeking.
„Schlimmer als die Nazis“ – Ein korpuslinguistischer Ansatz zur Untersuchung von NS-Vergleichen und NS-Metaphern
Authors: Giesel Linda
Published: January 2023

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht NS-Vergleiche und NS-Metaphern (NS-V/M) anhand linguisti- scher Klassifikationen basierend auf quantitativen und qualitativen Methodenansätzen. Im Rahmen einer Korpusstudie wurde eine Analyse von 10.235 E-Mails vorgenommen, die zwischen 2002 und 2014 bei der Botschaft des Staates Israel in Deutschland und beim Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland eingingen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass insgesamt 945 (9,2 %) der E-Mails antisemitische NS-V/M beinhalten und zu ähnlichen Anteilen an beide Institutionen gerichtet sind und sowohl in Zeiträumen, in denen militärische Auseinandersetzungen im israelisch-palästinensischen Konflikt stattfinden, als auch in Zeiträumen ohne Konfrontationen kontinuierlich gesendet werden. Zur Realisierung der NS-V/M greifen Verfasser*innen häufiger auf lexikalische Vergleichsindikatoren als auf klassische Junktoren zurück und verwenden zusätzlich NS-Vokabular, um die Täter*innen- Opfer-Umkehr auszudrücken. Die ermittelten Metaphern treten überwiegend als substantivische Prädikativmetaphern oder als Kompositummetaphern in Erscheinung.
Derivation and external validation of clinical prediction rules identifying children at risk of linear growth faltering
Authors: Ahmed Sharia M , Brintz Ben J , Pavlinac Patricia B , Shahrin Lubaba , Huq Sayeeda , Levine Adam C , Nelson Eric J , Platts-Mills James A , Kotloff Karen L , Leung Daniel T
Published: January 2023

Background:

Nearly 150 million children under-5 years of age were stunted in 2020. We aimed to develop a clinical prediction rule (CPR) to identify children likely to experience additional stunting following acute diarrhea, to enable targeted approaches to prevent this irreversible outcome.

Methods:

We used clinical and demographic data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) to build predictive models of linear growth faltering (decrease of ≥0.5 or ≥1.0 in height-for-age z-score [HAZ] at 60-day follow-up) in children ≤59 months presenting with moderate-to-severe diarrhea, and community controls, in Africa and Asia. We screened variables using random forests, and assessed predictive performance with random forest regression and logistic regression using fivefold cross-validation. We used the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study to (1) re-derive, and (2) externally validate our GEMS-derived CPR.

Results:

Of 7639 children in GEMS, 1744 (22.8%) experienced severe growth faltering (≥0.5 decrease in HAZ). In MAL-ED, we analyzed 5683 diarrhea episodes from 1322 children, of which 961 (16.9%) episodes experienced severe growth faltering. Top predictors of growth faltering in GEMS were: age, HAZ at enrollment, respiratory rate, temperature, and number of people living in the household. The maximum area under the curve (AUC) was 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 0.75) with 20 predictors, while 2 predictors yielded an AUC of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.72). Results were similar in the MAL-ED re-derivation. A 2-variable CPR derived from children 0–23 months in GEMS had an AUC = 0.63 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.65), and AUC = 0.68 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.74) when externally validated in MAL-ED.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that use of prediction rules could help identify children at risk of poor outcomes after an episode of diarrheal illness. They may also be generalizable to all children, regardless of diarrhea status.

Funding:

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health under Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award NIH T32AI055434 and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI135114).
Spatial frequency representation in V2 and V4 of macaque monkey
Authors: Zhang Ying , Schriver Kenneth E , Hu Jia Ming , Roe Anna Wang
Published: January 2023

Spatial frequency (SF) is an important attribute in the visual scene and is a defining feature of visual processing channels. However, there remain many unsolved questions about how extrastriate areas in primate visual cortex code this fundamental information. Here, using intrinsic signal optical imaging in visual areas of V2 and V4 of macaque monkeys, we quantify the relationship between SF maps and (1) visual topography and (2) color and orientation maps. We find that in orientation regions, low to high SF is mapped orthogonally to orientation; in color regions, which are reported to contain orthogonal axes of color and lightness, low SFs tend to be represented more frequently than high SFs. This supports a population-based SF fluctuation related to the ‘color/orientation’ organizations. We propose a generalized hypercolumn model across cortical areas, comprised of two orthogonal parameters with additional parameters.
Mechanotransduction events at the physiological site of touch detection
Authors: Ziolkowski Luke H , Gracheva Elena O , Bagriantsev Sviatoslav N
Published: January 2023

Afferents of peripheral mechanoreceptors innervate the skin of vertebrates, where they detect physical touch via mechanically gated ion channels (mechanotransducers). While the afferent terminal is generally understood to be the primary site of mechanotransduction, the functional properties of mechanically activated (MA) ionic current generated by mechanotransducers at this location remain obscure. Until now, direct evidence of MA current and mechanically induced action potentials in the mechanoreceptor terminal has not been obtained. Here, we report patch-clamp recordings from the afferent terminal innervating Grandry (Meissner) corpuscles in the bill skin of a tactile specialist duck. We show that mechanical stimulation evokes MA current in the afferent with fast kinetics of activation and inactivation during the dynamic phases of the mechanical stimulus. These responses trigger rapidly adapting firing in the afferent detected at the terminal and in the afferent fiber outside of the corpuscle. Our findings elucidate the initial electrogenic events of touch detection in the mechanoreceptor nerve terminal.
On the origin of mitochondria: a multilayer network approach
Authors: Borges Dérick Gabriel F. , Carvalho Daniel S. , Bomfim Gilberto C. , Ramos Pablo Ivan P. , Brzozowski Jerzy , Góes-Neto Aristóteles , F. S. Andrade Roberto , El-Hani Charbel
Published: January 2023

Backgound

The endosymbiotic theory is widely accepted to explain the origin of mitochondria from a bacterial ancestor. While ample evidence supports the intimate connection of Alphaproteobacteria to the mitochondrial ancestor, pinpointing its closest relative within sampled Alphaproteobacteria is still an open evolutionary debate. Many different phylogenetic methods and approaches have been used to answer this challenging question, further compounded by the heterogeneity of sampled taxa, varying evolutionary rates of mitochondrial proteins, and the inherent biases in each method, all factors that can produce phylogenetic artifacts. By harnessing the simplicity and interpretability of protein similarity networks, herein we re-evaluated the origin of mitochondria within an enhanced multilayer framework, which is an extension and improvement of a previously developed method.

Methods

We used a dataset of eight proteins found in mitochondria (N = 6 organisms) and bacteria (N = 80 organisms). The sequences were aligned and resulting identity matrices were combined to generate an eight-layer multiplex network. Each layer corresponded to a protein network, where nodes represented organisms and edges were placed following mutual sequence identity. The Multi-Newman-Girvan algorithm was applied to evaluate community structure, and bifurcation events linked to network partition allowed to trace patterns of divergence between studied taxa.

Results

In our network-based analysis, we first examined the topology of the 8-layer multiplex when mitochondrial sequences disconnected from the main alphaproteobacterial cluster. The resulting topology lent firm support toward an Alphaproteobacteria-sister placement for mitochondria, reinforcing the hypothesis that mitochondria diverged from the common ancestor of all Alphaproteobacteria. Additionally, we observed that the divergence of Rickettsiales was an early event in the evolutionary history of alphaproteobacterial clades.

Conclusion

By leveraging complex networks methods to the challenging question of circumscribing mitochondrial origin, we suggest that the entire Alphaproteobacteria clade is the closest relative to mitochondria (Alphaproteobacterial-sister hypothesis), echoing recent findings based on different datasets and methodologies.
Stem transcriptome screen for selection in wild and cultivated pitahaya (Selenicereus undatus): an epiphytic cactus with edible fruit
Authors: Oltehua-López Omar , Arteaga-Vázquez Mario A. , Sosa Victoria
Published: January 2023

Dragon fruit, pitahaya or pitaya are common names for the species in the Hylocereus group of Selenicereus that produce edible fruit. These Neotropical epiphytic cacti are considered promising underutilized crops and are currently cultivated around the world. The most important species, S. undatus, has been managed in the Maya domain for centuries and is the focus of this article. Transcriptome profiles from stems of wild and cultivated plants of this species were compared. We hypothesized that differences in transcriptomic signatures could be associated with genes related to drought stress. De novo transcriptome assembly and the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) allowed us to identify a total of 9,203 DEGs in the Hunucmá cultivar relative of wild Mozomboa plants. Of these, 4,883 represent up-regulated genes and 4,320, down-regulated genes. Additionally, 6,568 DEGs were identified from a comparison between the Umán cultivar and wild plants, revealing 3,286 up-regulated and 3,282 down-regulated genes. Approximately half of the DEGs are shared by the two cultivated plants. Differences between the two cultivars that were collected in the same region could be the result of differences in management. Metabolism was the most representative functional category in both cultivars. The up-regulated genes of both cultivars formed a network related to the hormone-mediated signaling pathway that includes cellular responses to auxin stimulus and to hormone stimulus. These cellular reactions have been documented in several cultivated plants in which drought-tolerant cultivars modify auxin transport and ethylene signaling, resulting in a better redistribution of assimilates.
Development of Interactive World History Big Book Application Based on Big Data as a Digital Learning Source for History Education Students
Authors: Nasution Abd. Haris , Tanjung Flores , Sinaga Rosmaida
Published: January 2023

This research is motivated by the need for an Interactive World History Babon Book Application as a big data-based digital learning resource that can be accessed by students of the Department of History Education from all over the country. This application is needed to answer the challenges of Education in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 and the Independent Learning Curriculum of the Independent Campus. In learning world history/spatial history, lecturers and students usually only use printed teaching resources whose content is not relevant to the CPL-CPMK Department of History Education FIS UNIMED. This is because the currently available baboon printed books only contain limited material about the history of human civilization with a limit of years in the 20th century, while in the 21st century there have been drastic changes in culture and civilization experienced by humans, coupled with the outbreak of a pandemic that has plagued humans. also change the pattern of human life habits. Then the use of the interactive world history baboon book application will make it easier for students of the History Education Department to explore other learning resources in the form of multimedia such as audio, video, animation, photos, graphics, etc. In addition, the application will give students access to historical archives from the KITLV, ANRI, National Library sites, to the latest scientific articles through the national.international Journal links that will be available on the application. Therefore, research on the development of the big data-based Interactive World History Babon Book Application that is connected to it is important to do. As for the formulation of the problem, among others: 1) How to develop an interactive World History Babon book application based on Big Data as a digital learning resource for History Education Students in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka Curriculum? 2) How is the Effectiveness of the Big Data-based interactive World History Babon book application as a digit.
Trabajo Social e Investigación: Las urgencias del campo educacional
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Razeto Pavez Alicia
Published: January 2023

Durante cinco décadas, la Revista de Trabajo Social nos ha mostrado diversos campos de investigación disciplinar. El educacional es uno de los múltiples y fecundos campos en los cuales realizan investigación los/as trabajadores/as sociales, pues sabemos que la escuela es un espacio social intenso y continuo, en el que se manifiestan gran parte de las urgencias y problemas sociales. Las cifras de deserción escolar entre el 2021 y 2022 entregadas por el Ministerio de Educación hace unas semanas atrás, revelan que los vastos esfuerzos puestos en favor de la equidad educativa, por medio de políticas sociales y educacionales, no han sido suficientes para retener a los estudiantes en la escuela. James Heckman, quien recibió el año 2000 el Premio Nobel de Economía, diría que para enfrentar la deserción escolar se necesita una política de desarrollo humano unificada y centrada en ayudar oportunamente no sólo a los estudiantes, sino que también a sus familias, de modo asegurarles un buen ambiente en el hogar para el desarrollo temprano y acompañamiento educativo. En un contexto de crisis profunda como el actual, esta propuesta cobra especial sentido para los/as trabajadores/as sociales.