bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEN OBJECTS OF SAMARA CONSTRUCTIVISM: STRATEGY FOR PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION
Authors: BUSS Simon , SAMOGOROV Vitaly A.
Published: September 2019

The surviving examples of the architecture of ‘Samara Constructivism’ from the 1920s and 1930s are surveyed, from which ten of the most valuable buildings in acute need of restoration are identified. The basic principles of a conservation strategy are formulated, primarily: authenticity - favouring conservation of original materials and architectural arrangements wherever possible; due consideration of the immediate architectural and urban contexts; and reversibility - a presumption against interventions of a permanent nature which might harm the historical significance of the building. Concrete measures are described for restoring and adapting these buildings to modern use, including remedial works to building fabric, facade reconstruction and works to the adjacent streetscape and landscaping. Options for future use are discussed. These particular examples suggest the basis for a general approach to the restoration of Constructivist buildings of the 1920s and 1930s in Samara, in both functional and aesthetic terms, such that their authenticity and uniqueness is preserved.
INTERACTION OF INTERIOR SPACE AND NATURAL LANDSCAPE
Authors: KOLESNIKOV Sergey A. , NUZHDINA Anastasiya V.
Published: September 2019

In modern design, nature dictates the forms, designs, textures, textures, colors, materials of products of modern design solutions. Realizing one of the main goals - the reconstruction of the natural environment in the spatial area of a person, the architect and designer apply the aesthetics of images suggested by nature itself. The article presents the term “natural landscape” identified by the authors from the point of view of the interior space, and highlights the factors identified by the author, through which the interaction between the interior and the natural landscape takes place. Examples of practical solutions confirming this interaction are considered
Dermatitis artefacta with finger loss
Authors: KARAYTUĞ Mahmut Onur , DEMİRKOL Mehmet Emin , GÜRBÜZ Mahmut
Published: September 2019

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Infusing Service-Learning into Allied Health Profession Curriculum: Perceived Enablers and Barriers
Authors: Uy Sally Jane
Published: September 2019

Service-learning may offer an innovative perspective in the competing global and national health interests among Philippine universities. This study sought to understand the enablers and barriers of implementing service-learning in the context of a premier private Catholic Philippine allied health profession education. It used an in-depth descriptive qualitative design. Transcripts from interviews, field notes and organizational documents were analyzed using thematic analysis. Data were coded and categorized into perceived barriers and enablers according to The Self-Assessment Rubric for Institutionalization of Service-Learning in Higher Education (SRISL) by Furco (2002). A wide range of enablers and barriers to implementing SL in one of the university’s health-related program were discussed. The results of this study may support further uptake of service-learning as a signature pedagogy in the allied health profession, particularly for its emerging unique professional identity and role in enhancing disability-related health outcomes.
Machado de Assis, cronista: o espiritismo kardecista sob a pena da galhofa
Authors: Da Silva Júnior Fábio
Published: September 2019

Este artigo busca compreender como a temática espírita aparece em crônicas de Machado de Assis. Mais especificamente, este estudo se volta para as crônicas publicadas nas cinco séries escritas pelo autor, entre os anos de 1883 e 1897, para o jornal carioca, Gazeta de Notícias. Considerando as mudanças sociais pelas quais o Brasil passou entre as décadas de 1860 e 1890, a situação dos espíritas também se modificou, o que resultou dos progressos e retrocessos políticos do país. Acompanhando as mudanças sociais em seu entorno, Machado também tematizou a ascensão espírita, mostrando sempre o seu posicionamento com relação à nova doutrina. Com isso, visando uma melhor compreensão a respeito do assunto, esta pesquisa busca compreender os recursos utilizados pelo autor para realizar suas críticas contra o espiritismo, especialmente, porque fez uso de diferentes estratégias para escrever cada uma das séries. Dessa forma, na medida em que o espiritismo passou por um processo de ascensão na sociedade oitocentista brasileira, Machado tornou a doutrina tema de suas crônicas, transformando o assunto em uma verdadeira forma de fazer troça dos espíritas, ao mesmo tempo em que converteu a temática em uma forma de criticá-los.
Epopeia e religião: fronteiras entre mito e história
Authors: Ramalho Christina Bielinski
Published: September 2019

Estudo da presença de Deus e de Jesus em epopeias estrangeiras e brasileiras, a saber: A saga de Mem de Sá, Memorial da infância de Cristo e Triunfo do Divino Amor, Anchieta ou O evangelho nas selvas, Christ e A cabeça calva de Deus, com o intuito de observar o modo como as fronteiras entre mito e história foram trabalhadas em poemas épicos religiosos ou de contaminação religiosa, com destaque para a importância do plano literário como agente de releitura de imagens míticas religiosas e de reinvenção da própria história. Espera-se também, com este breve estudo, contribuir para a constatação da permanência do épico como materialidade da arte literária em que mito e história ganham aderência através do heroísmo épico, resultando em expressões de importante caráter cultural, por revelarem pontos de vista que traduzem a experiência humano-existencial através dos tempos e dos espaços.
The Role of Corporate Governance in Mitigating Real Earnings Management: Literature Review
Authors: Sanad Zakeya , Shiwakoti Radha , Kukreja Gagan
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of the existing studies in the literature regarding real earnings management and corporate governance. The paper also addresses the gap in the real earnings management literature in the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) as a major market in the Middle East and proposes future research topics.
Keywords: earnings management, real earnings management, corporate governance, board of directors
Interlude
Authors: Coe Cati
Published: September 2019

This coda explores how home health workers displace the humiliation, powerlessness, and anger they experience at work into a longing for a house of their own, “at home.” The feelings of humiliation, which cannot be expressed to the patient except indirectly through flight, can be mitigated and channeled through trying to attain the culturally designated goal of one’s own house. The indignities of their profession drive them to seek dignity in their home countries. The coda focuses on the process of one care worker building a house in Ghana.
Interlude
Authors: Coe Cati
Published: September 2019

This coda describes a care worker undergoing a foreclosure on her house and retiring to live in Ghana. To the care worker, this loss is symbolic of her work not bearing fruit, and of the unfairness of the American legal system. Mortgages may be appropriate for workers in a stable job, but home health workers’ monthly income fluctuates because of the precarity of their work schedules.
Pengaruh Pengawasan Langsung dan Tidak Langsung Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Di Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Tasikmalaya
Authors: Fatimah Astri Siti
Published: September 2019

This research aims to obtain data and information relating to the supervision and performance of employees. Research methods used in this research is descriptive research method of analysis. Then the data obtained processed and compiled up to gained clarity about the influence of the variable variable bound against free. Data collection techniques used through three ways: 1) observation (direct observation against the object of the research); 2) interviews; 3 question form); 4) study of the documentation. Based on a number of data research results and hypothesis test results by using path analysis (path analysis), it can be concluded that the direct and indirect supervision has a significant influence on performance of religious Ministry Office clerk in Tasikmalaya Regency. The magnitude of the influence on performance of such oversight specified direct and indirect supervision. The greatest contribution given by direct supervision then followed by indirect supervision.
Spiritual-moral compass of healthcare professionals and patients
Authors: Svetlichnaya T. G , Smirnova E. A , Sukhoruchko M. A
Published: September 2019

The article outlines the results of the research aimed at complementarity of the value-based orientations of healthcare professionals and patients as conditions for shaping partnership relations in medicine. The received data allowed to ascertain the crucial similarity in the worldview beliefs of healthcare professional and patients. Most healthcare professionals (85.4%) and patients (71.7%) apperceive their belonging to the Orthodox ethics and recognise the need to preserve the traditional religious values in Russia (88.5% and 72.1% respectively). In practice, the application of rules of religious morale is admitted by only a negligible number of them - 9.7% of healthcare professionals and 19.5% of patients. The differences in the spiritual-moral compass are only contained in a varying breadth of principal life philosophy and moral values. The revealed unity of spiritual-moral compass of healthcare professionals and patients allows hoping for the successful formation of a new, collaborating model of ethical relations in medicine in the future.
BUSINESS INSTITUTIONS OF CULTURAL FARMERS IN IMPROVING COMPETITIVENESS IN BONDOWOSO REGENCY
Authors: Murdyastuti Anastasia , Ashari Abdul Kholiq , Negoro A.H.S.
Published: September 2019

Cassava in Indonesia is used as food ingredients to meet the food needs of the community and industry. Cassava is the result of farmers' business that can be processed into staple foods or marketable snacks so that they can penetrate the global market and source of state revenue. Bondowoso as an agricultural area has a large potential of cassava and some people have cassava business such as tape or other snack foods. Bondowoso cassava is also a supplier of manufactured industrial materials. Problems arise related to not being matched by institutionalized efforts, where cassava farmers do their agricultural business individually and are downhill. In addition, cassava is considered cheap food so it gets less attention from the government. Cassava farming businesses to develop need institutions that are built in synergy between various institutions to improve competitiveness. The institution is a combination of farmers, businessmen, government, who work together and synergize in giving strength to cassava farming businesses to develop. The government through its policy of positioning cassava as an industrial material that is considered and developed from quality and quantity and has competitiveness and increases revenue. Behavior that strengthens competitiveness is done through product, price, promotion and distribution proportionally in the institution so that the sustainability of cassava farming business and able to face competition in the global market. Institutionality can protect cassava farmers' business from the pressure of government policy and capitalist competition in order to run parallel between civil society, state and business in realizing good governance

Keywords: Institutional, policy, competitiveness and business of cassava farmers
EVALUATION OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION 2018 VISIT YEAR AS AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE OF THE COMMUNITY IN SUMENEP REGENCY
Authors: Rasaili Wilda , Alfiyah Nur Inna
Published: September 2019

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of visit year 2018 policy as a way to developed regional tourism and increase regional economic independence . The program of visit  year 2018 started to be planned as policy featured local of  Sumenep government  since  2016. The policy as the program featured to develop a variety of tourism potential of the region, such as marine tourism, health tourism, tourism keris, culture and palace. But in fact, the increase in the economy of Sumenep district from 2016-2018 was quite slow, the increase was only 0,20 percent, the lowest compared to other districts in East Java . This condition is related to the ineffective implementation of the 2018 visit year policy. Good policies without effective implementation, policies will not be success (Akib and Tarigan, 2008). Policy implementation needs to get more attention, because policies will not find expectations if the implementation is not optimal (Pulzl and Treib. 2014: 127). This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. This study explained that the policy implementation of the visit year 2018 was not effective. 4 (four) indicators of policy implementation as in Edward III's theory, and the environmental aspects of implementation proposed by Nakamura and Smallwood (1980) , not running optimally, 1) human resources are not optimally prepared, and development is slow, 2) coordination and communication between actors in tourism development is still weak, 3) The dispositions didn’t work systematically organized, 4) The aspects of bureaucratic structure still occur over lapping between each OPD .The study recommends that need to be did developing human resources, the coordination and effective communicate between actors in the policy, and the disposition clearly, especially in the OPD.

Keywords: Evaluation , policy implementation , visit year 2018, economic independence
IMPACTS OF TRADITIONAL MARKET REVITALIZATION ON THE TRADERS’ CAPITAL EXPENDITURES IN SITUBONDO
Authors: Fauzi Hasan Muchtar , Firdaus Ahmad Yusuf
Published: September 2019

The impact of traditional market revitalization has an effect on the expenses and business capital of traders. Traditional markets are the economic fulcrum of the community, but traditional market conditions are synonymous with slums, dirty, smelly, irregular, muddy and so on. To survive the onslaught of modern markets there needs to be a revitalization of traditional markets, the emphasis is on the physical aspects of the market. so the hope of traders is that consumers interested in shopping in the market and the welfare of traders can increase, therefore researchers are interested in exploring the impact of market revitalization on traders in Situbondo Regency. The formulation of the problem is how the traditional market impacts on the expenses and capital of the merchant business, this type of research is (field research), is research conducted in the field by observing a phenomenon that is natural, while collecting data using observation, interviews and documentation . This study uses descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. The results show that the problems arising from revitalization are (1) the costs incurred by traders are very large, because they have to bear the costs of moving to a temporary place before occupying a revitalized market. (2) temporary relocation sites are very narrow and slum so that they have difficulty arranging their merchandise which has an impact on consumers' interest in shopping to decrease. (3) new buildings do not meet the expectations of traders, many traders complain starting from the size of the place that is too small and the design of buildings that are not in accordance with the products sold by certain traders (4) traders must renovate the kiosks provided by the market manager with the products they sell (5) due to the large amount of costs incurred by merchants ranging from temporarily moving to occupying new kiosks, the capital for their merchandise is reduced which results in incomplete merchandise.

Keywords: Revitalization Impact, Merchant Expenditures, merchandise capital.
The Effects of Immersive Simulation on Targeted Collaboration Skills among Undergraduates in Special Education
Authors: Robbins Sandra H , Gilbert Kristen A , Chumney Frances L , Green Katherine B
Published: September 2019

The use of immersive simulation as a pedagogical tool has great potential for making a significant impact on student learning in higher education. In this study, the effect of immersive simulation was evaluated for a cohort of undergraduate special education majors. The investigation aimed to determine whether facilitating an immersive co-planning simulation would have an impact on targeted collaboration skills, and also whether vicarious observational learning would occur for students who observed the simulation. Pre-service teachers in special education were evaluated by their peers on their ability to demonstrate knowledge of (1) co-teaching and co-planning, (2) professional communication, and (3) supports for students with disabilities. The results indicate that they did a better job of facilitating a co-planning session after having first practiced doing so via immersive simulation during a previous class session. It was also discovered that vicarious observational learning during immersive simulation positively impacted performance.
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Chick Nancy , Nowell Lorelli , Lenart Bartlomiej
Published: September 2019

Scoping reviews offer a rigorous and systematic approach to examining the range and nature of literature in a particular field, identifying the existing literature and highlighting gaps where further exploration is required (Arksey & 0'Malley, 2005; Levac, Colquhoun, & O'Brien, 2010). In this article, we share our scoping review protocol—the explicit, step-by-step description of the plan for conducting the review, published separately and before completing the review. This genre of public documentation of our process is essential in scoping reviews to support careful planning and documentation, enable others to compare the protocol and completed review, support others in evaluating and/or replicating its methods, and encourage collaboration and development of follow-up research on the field (Shamseer et al, 2015).
Transgressive Learning Communities: Transformative Spaces for Underprivileged, Underserved, and Historically Underrepresented Graduate Students at Their Institutions
Authors: Drane Leslie E. , Lynton Jordan Y. , Cruz-Rios Yarí E. , Watts Malouchos Elizabeth , Kearns Katherine D.
Published: September 2019

In this paper we propose a new vision of educational development that reimagines how graduate instructors are socialized and professionalized in academic settings. We describe a Transgressive Learning Community (TLC) that empowers graduate instructors with tools to reveal, mitigate, and disrupt oppressive structures in higher education. Our learning community is founded on critical race and feminist conceptualizations of pedagogical inquiry in its design, implementation, and assessment to serve underprivileged, underserved, and historically underrepresented graduate students. We argue that the intersections of marginalized and graduate student identities create distinct experiences of discrimination, marginalization, tokenism, isolation, and impostor syndrome due to a lack of sustained teaching mentorship within the academy. The Transgressive Learning Community model that we propose in this paper functions to create spaces of transgressive and transformational pedagogical engagement for graduate students who exist at the intersections of these identities.
A NUTRIGENÔMICA COMO MÉTODO DE PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DE DOENÇAS
Authors: Assakawa Ludgero da Silva Samantha , Pimenta Raphael Sanzio
Published: September 2019

RESUMO

A incidência de doenças nutricionais crônicas não transmissíveis vem aumentando no mundo todo, consequentemente a busca e o aperfeiçoamento de tratamentos e meios de prevenção também. Com a conclusão do projeto Genoma Humano em 2003 tem sido possível obter uma melhor compreensão sobre a expressão de genes no organismo humano. Como uma das ramificações desse acontecimento, surge então a área da nutrigenômica (ciência que tem estudado as interações entre a alimentação e os genes de um determinado indivíduo). Os alimentos possuem compostos que podem favorecer expressões gênicas no organismo de quem os consomem. Os costumes alimentares, a busca pela qualidade de vida, estresse, a exposição a substâncias poluentes e outros fatores revelam a necessidade de uma dieta individualizada. Com a nutrigenômica isso será possível, bem como também a redução de gastos (com internações, cirurgias, e tratamentos farmacológicos), prevenção e tratamento de doenças como Alzheimer, Síndrome de Down, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, fibromialgia entre outras.

Palavras-chave: genes, alimentos e dieta.
Mathematical Model for Secondary Transport of Cations at the Root of Plants
Authors: Ban Byunghyun
Published: September 2019

A mathematical expression to describe cation absorption of root is expressed with simulation results. The root cells selectively emit H+ ions with active transport consuming ATPs to establish electrical gradient. The gradient promotes external positive ions to flow into the roots, while carries negatively charged particles with symport. In this paper, a mathematical model whose independent variables are the concentrations of external and internal cation is presented. This differential equation is induced from Ohm’s law. The equation has terms for plant physiology, ion’s physical and electrical properties, growth of plant, and interaction between the root and the surroundings. Simulation showed that the physiology-related coefficient has important role on nutrition absorption.
Solving the Time-Varying Cobb-Douglas Production Function Using a Varying-Coefficient Quantile Regression Model
Authors: Zhang Shangfeng , Zhu Jiani , Fang Qi , Liu Yaoxin , Xu Siwa , Tsai Ming-Hsueh ,   Research Institute of Quantitative Economics, Zhejiang Gongshang University 18 Xuezheng Street, Xiasha Education Park, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China,   National Academy for Educational Research No.2 Sanshu Road, Sanxia District, New Taipei City 23703, Taiwan
Published: September 2019

The output elasticity estimated by the traditional Cobb-Douglas production function is a fixed constant that describes developed countries with relative stable factor shares well. While the fixed constant fails to describe developing countries with changing factor shares during economic transitional periods, such as China. In this paper, we construct a time-varying elasticity production function model and extend the Cobb-Douglas production function to a time-varying elasticity Cobb-Douglas production function. The semi-parametric varying-coefficient quantile model, together with the local polynomial and the two-phase methods, is used for the estimation of the time-varying elasticity of the capital coefficient and the labor force. Empirical research on Chinese economic growth shows that the time-varying elasticity of capital is declining and the time-varying elasticity of the labor force is increasing gradually.
Neural Network Based Online Anthropomorphic Performance Decision-Making Approach for Dual-Arm Dulcimer Playing Robot
Authors: Fei Ting , Chen Xin , Zhou Li ,   School of Automation, China University of Geosciences No.388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China,   Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems No.388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China,   School of Arts and Communication, China University of Geosciences No.388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: September 2019

A neural network based online anthropomorphic performance decision-making approach is described for a dual-arm dulcimer playing robot. Because it is difficult to extract experiential rules manually to describe the decision behavior of a human playing a dulcimer, the proposed method relies on the self-learning function of a artificial neural network (ANN). The training data of the network consists of three types of information: the note pitch of adjacent notes, time interval in a piece of music, and decision results in actual performance processes of human beings. A decision-making approach, devised through combining the well-trained ANN with music for which performance decisions were required, is then applied. The numerical results show that, for several pieces of music with different characteristics, the accuracy and precision of the decision results are always relatively high, which verifies the practicability and good generalizability of the method.
MR-AntMiner: A Novel MapReduce Classification Rule Discovery with Ant Colony Intelligence
Authors: Kong Yun , Zhao Junsan , Dong Na , Lin Yilin , Yuan Lei , Chen Guoping ,   Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology No. 68 Wenchang Road, 121 Avenue, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China,   Library of Kunming University of Science and Technology No. 727 Jingming Nan Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China,   School of Information Science and Technology, Yunnan Normal University No. 1 Yuhua District, Chenggong New District, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China,   Geomatics Engineering Faculty, Kunming Metallurgy College No. 388 Xuefu Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan 650028, China
Published: September 2019

Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms have been successfully applied to data classification problems that aim at discovering a list of classification rules. However, on the one hand, the ACO algorithm has defects including long search times and convergence issues with non-optimal solutions. On the other hand, given bottlenecks such as memory restrictions, time complexity, or data complexity, it is too hard to solve a problem when its scale becomes too large. One solution for this issue is to design a highly parallelized learning algorithm. The MapReduce programming model has quickly emerged as the most common model for executing simple algorithmic tasks over huge volumes of data, since it is simple, highly abstract, and efficient. Therefore, MapReduce-based ACO has been researched extensively. However, due to its unidirectional communication model and the inherent lack of support for iterative execution, ACO algorithms cannot easily be implemented on MapReduce. In this paper, a novel classification rule discovery algorithm is proposed, namely MR-AntMiner, which can capitalize on the benefits of the MapReduce model. In order to construct quality rules with fewer iterations as well as less communication between different nodes to share the parameters used by each ant, our algorithm splits the training data into some subsets that are randomly mapped to different mappers; then the traditional ACO algorithm is run on each mapper to gain the local best rule set, and the global best rule list is produced in the reducer phase according to a voting mechanism. The performance of our algorithm was studied experimentally on 14 publicly available data sets and further compared to several state-of-the-art classification approaches in terms of accuracy. The experimental results show that the predictive accuracy obtained by our algorithm is statistically higher than that of the compared targets. Furthermore, experimental studies show the feasibility and the good performance of the proposed parallelized MR-AntMiner algorithm.
A Parallel Algorithm for Mining Non-Redundant Recurrent Rules from a Sequence Database
Authors: Yoon Seung-Yong ,   Department of Computer Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan, Seki Hirohisa
Published: September 2019

We propose a parallel algorithm for mining non-redundant recurrent rules from a sequence database. Recurrent rules, proposed by Lo et al. [1], can express “Whenever a series of precedent events occurs, eventually a series of consequent events occurs,” and they have shown the usefulness of recurrent rules in various domains, including software specification and verification. Although some algorithms such as NR3have been proposed, mining non-redundant recurrent rules still requires considerable processing time. To reduce the computation cost, we present a parallel approach to mining non-redundant recurrent rules, which fully utilizes the task-parallelism in NR3. We also give some experimental results, which show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Paraphernalia Laws, Criminalizing Possession and Distribution of Items Used to Consume Illicit Drugs, and Injection-Related Harm
Authors: Davis Corey S. , Carr Derek H. , Samuels Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2019

The United States remains in the grip of an unprecedented epidemic of drug-related harm. Infections of HIV, hepatitis C, and endocarditis related to lack of access to new syringes and subsequent syringe sharing among people who inject drugs have increased alongside a surge in opioid overdose deaths.

Overwhelming evidence shows that using a new syringe with every injection prevents injection-related blood-borne disease transmission. Additionally, there is promising research suggesting that the distribution of fentanyl test strips to people who inject drugs changes individuals’ injection decisions, which enables safer drug use and reduces the risk of fatal overdose. However, laws prohibiting the possession of syringes and fentanyl test strips persist in nearly every state.

The full and immediate repeal of state paraphernalia laws is both warranted and needed to reduce opioid overdose death and related harms. Such repeal would improve the health of people who inject drugs and those with whom they interact, reducing the spread of blood-borne disease and fatal overdose associated with infiltration of illicitly manufactured fentanyl into the illicit drug supply. It would also free up scarce public resources that could be redirected toward evidence-based approaches to reducing drug-related harm.
Firearm Policy: Physician Organizations’ Role in Political Action Committee Funds, 2018
Authors: Neufeld Miriam Y. , Sanchez Sabrina E. , Siegel Michael
Published: September 2019

Objectives. To compare donations to individual politicians from physician organization political action committees (PACs) and from the National Rifle Association Political Victory Fund (NRA PVF) in 2018.

Methods. We identified 7 organizations with published firearm injury prevention policy. We determined the difference in funds received from physician organization PACs and the NRA PVF for each congressmember. We examined their voting records on firearm-related legislation.

Results. A total of 141 congressmembers received funds from both physician organization PACs and the NRA PVF. Of these, 99.3% voted for legislation not consistent with organization recommendations. The majority (70.2%) received more funds from the combined physician organization PACs than from the NRA PVF.

Conclusions. Physician organization PACs have a financial impact on NRA-backed congressmembers. They currently contribute to politicians with voting records inconsistent with their own policy recommendations. Firearm violence prevention does not currently outweigh other legislative priorities for physician organization PAC contributions.
Considerations for Modernized Criminal HIV Laws and Assessment of Legal Protections Against Release of Identified HIV Surveillance Data for Law Enforcement
Authors: Galletly Carol L. , Benbow Nanette , Killelea Amy , Lazzarini Zita , Edwards Ruth
Published: September 2019

In November 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention distributed guidance to funded agencies under its Integrated HIV Surveillance and Prevention Programs Initiative to support the implementation of the program’s third strategy: HIV transmission cluster investigation and outbreak response efforts. Cluster detection seeks to identify persons infected with HIV (diagnosed and undiagnosed) who are linked to infections in single or related sexual and injection drug networks. Identifying expanding clusters allows public health personnel to intervene directly where active HIV transmissions occur.

However, in the context of HIV infection where most US states have enacted criminal exposure laws, these efforts have sparked concerns about the protection of HIV surveillance data from court order or subpoena for law enforcement purposes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention calls for funded agencies to evaluate relevant confidentiality laws to ensure that these are sufficient to protect the confidentiality of HIV surveillance data from use by law enforcement.

We present four often overlooked factors about the criminalization of HIV exposure and HIV surveillance data protections that should be considered in statutory assessments.
Uneven Access to Smoke-Free Laws and Policies and Its Effect on Health Equity in the United States: 2000–2019
Authors: Hafez Amy Y. , Gonzalez Mariaelena , Kulik Margarete C. , Vijayaraghavan Maya , Glantz Stanton A.
Published: September 2019

Tobacco control measures have played an important role in the reduction of the cigarette smoking prevalence among US adults.

However, although overall smoking prevalence has declined, it remains high among many subpopulations that are disproportionately burdened by tobacco use, resulting in tobacco-related health disparities. Slow diffusion of smoke-free laws to rural regions, particularly in the South and Southeast, and uneven adoption of voluntary policies in single-family homes and multiunit housing are key policy variables associated with the disproportionate burden of tobacco-related health disparities in these subpopulations.

Developing policies that expand the reach of comprehensive smoke-free laws not only will facilitate the decline in smoking prevalence among subpopulations disproportionately burdened by tobacco use but will also decrease exposure to secondhand smoke and further reduce tobacco-caused health disparities in the United States.
Lessons for the United States From Single-Payer Systems
Authors: Greer Scott L. , Jarman Holly , Donnelly Peter D.
Published: September 2019

US political debates often refer to the experience of “single-payer” systems such as those of Canada and the United Kingdom. We argue that single payer is not a very useful category in comparative health policy analysis but that the experiences of countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden, and Australia provide useful lessons. In creating universal tax-financed systems, they teach the importance of strong, unified governments at critical junctures—most notably democratization. The United States seems politically hospitable to creating such a system.

The process of creation, however, highlights the malleability of interests in the health care system, the opportunities for creative coalition building, and the problems caused by linking health care finance and reform. In maintaining these systems, keeping the middle class supportive is crucial to avoiding universal health care that is essentially a program for the poor.

For a technical term from the 1970s, “single-payer health care” has proved to have remarkable political power and persistence. We argue it is not a very useful term but the lessons from such systems can be valuable for those contemplating movement toward universal health coverage in the United States.
Trayectoria de acceso al diagnóstico oportuno del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad: una perspectiva del cuidador primario
Authors: Martínez-Jaime Ma. Magdalena , Reyes-Morales Hortensia
Published: September 2019

Objetivo. Evaluar el acceso al diagnóstico oportuno del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) e identificar sus barreras mediante una trayectoria de hechos que va desde percibir los síntomas hasta obtener el diagnóstico formal. Material y métodos. Se empleó un modelo con­ceptual integral (basado en cuatro dimensiones: percibir, buscar, llegar y usar) y centrado en el paciente. Ello permitió trazar una trayectoria de hechos vividos por las diadas (paciente y su cuidador primario), a partir de la cual se diseñó una cédula com­puesta por 143 preguntas dicotómicas o politómicas, y cinco preguntas abiertas. Participaron 177 diadas. Resultados. Se identificaron numerosas barreras para acceder al diagnóstico oportuno; la falta de percepción del TDAH resultó clave como obstáculo para el acceso inicial. Conclusión. La barrera de la falta de percepción podría evitarse brindando información a los cuidadores para que perciban los síntomas nucleares del TDAH como problemas potenciales de salud mental.
A Time-dependent Genome-Wide SNP-SNP Interaction Analysis of Chicken Body Weight
Authors: Li Fang-Ge , Li Hui
Published: September 2019

Background
The important property of the quantitative traits of model organisms is time-dependent. However, the methodology for investigating the genetic interaction network over time is still lacking. Our study aims to provide insights into the mechanistic basis of epistatic interactions affecting the phenotypes of model organisms.
Results
We performed an exhaustive genome-wide search for significant SNP-SNP interactions associated with male birds’ body weight (BW) (n=475) at multiple time points (day of hatch (BW0) and one, three, five, and seven weeks (BW1, BW3, BW5, and BW7)). Statistical analysis detected 67, four, and two significant SNP pairs associated with BW0, BW1, and BW3, respectively, with a significance threshold at 8.67×10 −12 (Bonferroni-adjusted: 1%). Meanwhile, no significant SNP pairs associated with BW5 and BW7 were found. The SNP-SNP interaction networks of BW0, BW1, and BW3 were built and annotated.
Conclusions
With strong annotated information and a strict significant threshold, SNP-SNP interactions underpinned the gene-gene interactions that might occur between chromosomes or within the same chromosome. Comparing and combing the networks, the results indicated that the genetic network for chicken body weight was dynamic and time-dependent.
A lil3 chlp double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice
Authors: Li Chunmei , Liu Xin , Pan Jihong , Guo Jia , Wang Qian , Chen Congping , Li Na , Zhang Kuan , Yang Bin , Sun Changhui , Deng Xiaojian , Wang Pingrong
Published: September 2019

Background:
Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHLP gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis.
Results:
In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys , in rice ( Oryza sativa ). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys . Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on the OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys . OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys ( lil3 chlp ) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage.
Conclusions:
We identified the OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.
Improving maternal health services through social accountability interventions in Nepal: An analytical review of existing literature
Authors: Nepal Adweeti , Dangol Santa Kumar , Kwaak Anke van der
Published: September 2019

Background: The persistent equity and quality gap in maternal health services in Nepal has resulted in poor maternal health outcomes. The Government of Nepal has emphasized on responsive and accountable maternal health services since 2005, while social accountability interventions have been commenced as a strategical approach. This review is an attempt to critically explore the social accountability interventions in maternal health services in Nepal and its outcomes by analyzing existing evidence to contribute informed policy. Methods: A literature review and desk study were done between December 2018 to May 2019. An adapted framework of social accountability by Lodenstein et al. 2013 was used for critical analysis and synthesis of the existing literature from Nepal and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The literature was searched and extracted from the search engines i.e. google and google scholar using keywords. The searched includes both published and grey literature. Results: The review found different social accountability interventions initiated by the government and external development partners in maternal health services in Nepal. The evidence from Nepal and other LMICs showed that the social accountability interventions improve the quality of maternal health services through improving health system responsiveness, enhancing community ownership, addressing inequalities and enabling the community to influence the policy decision-making process. The strong gender norms, caste-hierarchy system, socio-political and economic context and weak enforceability mechanism in the health system are major contextual factors influencing community engagement in social accountability interventions in Nepal. Conclusions: The evidence show that social accountability interventions have the potential to improve the quality of maternal health services in Nepal. Critical factors of successful outcomes in maternal health services include quality implementation of the interventions. Similarly, continuous effort is needed from policymaker to strengthen monitoring and regulatory mechanism of the health system and decentralization, improve access to the information and establishment of proper channels to capture complaints and feedback from the community to ensure the effectiveness of the interventions for the long run. Furthermore, research is needed to evaluate the impact of the existing social accountability interventions in the reduction of maternal mortality in Nepal.
CD59 receptor targeted delivery of miRNA-1284 and Cisplatin-loaded liposomes for effective therapeutic efficacy against cervical cancers
Authors: Wang Li , Liang Ting-Ting
Published: September 2019

Background: In this study, we have designed the CD59sp-conjugated miRNA-1284/cisplatin(CDDP)-loaded liposomes for the enhanced therapeutic effect against cervical cancers. Methods: A substantially higher uptake of CD59 antibody-conjugated miRNA-1284/CDDP-loaded liposomes (CD/LP-miCDDP) was attributed to the CD59-based receptor-mediated cellular internalization in HeLa cells. Results: MiR-1284 showed a typical concentration-dependent cell killing effect in the cervical cancer cells owing to the downregulation of HMGB1. CD59-antibody conjugated formulation exhibited a significantly lower cell viability compared to that of free CDDP and non-targeted LP-miCDDP. The combination of miR-1284 and CDDP could result in a synergistic anticancer effect on the cervical cancer cells. The IC50 value of CDDP, LP-miCDDP and CD/LP-miCDDP was observed to be 12.4 µg/ml, 7.23 µg/ml and 3.12 µg/ml, respectively. CD/LP-miCDDP exhibited remarkable cell/nuclei rupturing and apoptotic bodies’ formation indicating a severe apoptosis effect in HeLa cancer cells. Flow cytometer analysis showed that CD/LP-miCDDP resulted in maximum apoptosis effect (~60%) compared to CDDP (~20%) or miR-1284 (~12%) treated cells indicating the superior anticancer effect in the cancer cells. Conclusions: Finally, CD/LP-miCDDP significantly prolonged the blood circulation of encapsulated drug in rats with significantly higher AUC (o-t) , t 1/2 and lower CL compared to that of free CDDP. Overall, CD/LP-miCDDP could hold a promising potential in the treatment of cervical cancers.
Impact of omega-3 fatty acid oral therapy on healing of chronic venous leg ulcers in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled single-center trial
Authors: McDaniel Jodi , Rausch Jamie , Tan Alai
Published: September 2019

Background This trial addresses the global problem of chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLUs), wounds that cause significant infirmity for an estimated 9.7 million people annually - mainly older adults with comorbidities. Advanced therapies are needed because standard topical therapies are often ineffective or yield only short-term wound healing. Thus, we are testing a new oral therapy containing the bioactive elements of fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for targeting and reducing the high numbers of activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in wound microenvironments that keep CVLUs “trapped” in a chronic inflammatory state.Methods This double-blind RCT will include 248 eligible adults ≥ 55 years of age with CVLUs receiving standard care at a large Midwest outpatient wound clinic. Participants are randomized to 2 groups: 12 weeks of daily oral therapy with EPA+DHA (1.87 g/d of EPA + 1.0 g/d of DHA) or daily oral therapy with placebo. At 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, across the 2 groups, we are pursuing three specific aims: Aim 1. Compare levels of EPA+DHA-derived lipid mediators, and inflammatory cytokines in blood and wound fluid; Subaim 1a. Compare inflammatory cytokine gene expression by PMNs in blood; Aim 2. Compare PMN activation in blood and wound fluid, and PMN-derived protease levels in wound fluid; Aim 3. Compare reduction in wound area, controlling for factors known to impact healing, and determine relationships with lipid mediators, cytokines and PMN activation. Subaim 3a. Compare frequency of CVLU recurrence and levels of study variables in blood between randomly assigned 2 subgroups (continuing EPA+DHA therapy versus placebo therapy beyond Week 12) within the EPA+DHA group with healed CVLUs after 3 months of therapy. Subaim 3b. Compare symptoms of pain at all time points and quality of life at first and last time points across the 2 groups and 2 subgroups.Discussion This trial will provide new evidence about the effectiveness of EPA+DHA oral therapy to target and reduce excessive PMN activation systemically and locally in patients with CVLUs. If effective, this therapy may facilitate healing and thus be a new adjunct treatment for CVLUs in the aging population.