bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Debottlenecking XYZ Flowstation to Increase Capacity and Optimize Performance
Authors: Nwosu Dixon , Bamisebi Adetiloye , Eleazu Goodluck
Published: July 2017

The XYZ field has a single-train two-stage separation facility consisting of a 3-phase test separator, a 3-phase HP separator, and a 3-phase LP separator. The reservoirs are of volatile-oil/condensate type, producing with comparatively high GOR and high FTHP. Its current production potential is 6,200bopd and a 35MMscfd, increasing steadily to a peak of 26,000bopd and 98MMscfd by 2022. Thus, in view of this anticipated increase in field production, it is expedient to assess the capacity and performance of the station, identifying bottlenecks that need to be addressed as well as defining requirements for the field's further development programme. Process simulation models, based on the facility's existing configuration and the proposed configuration, were developed with Aspen Hysys v7 using the Peng-Robinson fluid package. API 12J and API 14E criterion were then employed to determine the fluid handling capacity of the vessels and the sizing adequacy of the process lines respectively.

Results showed that the flow-station, which can handle the current field production albeit a minor restriction by the HP Flare KO Vessel outlet line and flare line, cannot handle the forecast production beyond 2016 owing mainly to limitations in the HP separator gas handling, under-sized process lines and an ultimate restriction from the LP separator oil outlet line. With peak production of 26,000 bopd, the station needs to be upgraded and debottlenecked by installing an XHP separator, as well as replacing identified under-sized lines, to resolve the identified constraints. The XHP separator, which constitutes an additional separation stage, will enhance liquid recovery amounting to 500bopd starting from 2019, decrease waste associated gas production and conserve off-separator gas pressure.
Obtaining BHP Data Via CITHP Extrapolation in an Economically and Security Challenging Environment
Authors: Korubo Waazor , Olugbenga Daodu , Nnadi Magnus , Tunji Bakare , Emelle Chima , Nwankwo Cosmas
Published: July 2017

Acquisition of bottom hole pressure is a statutory requirement in Nigeria. In addition, pressure data provide a better understanding of reservoir responses to production for effective wells, reservoirs and facilities management. The data is used to calibrate dynamic and well models in order to improve the quality and reliability of predictions that feed into Annual Review of Petroleum Resources (ARPR) cycle. Despite its importance in the oil and gas industry, there are often delays in mobilizing for Bottom Hole Pressure Data acquisition due to deferment concerns, budget constraints and security challenges. This was the case with some gas wells in Aowa field in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria where the bottom hole data could not be acquired on scheduled to support the technical evaluation of resources within the given timeframe of the annual volumes reporting cycle. This paper is a case study on the determination of closed in bottom hole pressure (CIBHP) from Closed in Tubing Head pressure (CITHP) during well shut in periods using the Cullender & Smith methodology. The proposed approach involves derivation of bottom hole pressure data from measured closed in tubing head pressure and known gas gradient.

The scope of implementation covered three gas wells in the Aowa field (AOWA 3, 4 & 5) that supply gas to NLNG and processed through a Central Processing Facility (CPF). The three gas wells are produced from three different reservoirs in the field with total expected gas rate of about 350 MMscf/d. These wells are significant to achieving the export nomination expected from the CPF. These wells came onstream in July 2013 and have produced as expected.

The novelty of this approach is the elimination of HSSE risks associated with undue staff exposure in the field, obtaining fit for purpose quality data without production deferment and costing down OPEX as ca. US$22,500 per well can be saved due to non-contractor engagement. The work flow established by this method can be applied across other operating units for gas wells having similar operation challenges.

The results obtained from this methodology compared favorably with actual measurement carried out later in the wells with the highest deviation of < 5%. The study revealed that the accuracy of the result using this approach is highly dependent on gas gradient.
A Realistic Kick Simulator for Casing Design-Part 1
Authors: Michael Ohaegbulam Chukwudi , Ugochukwu Ibeh Stanley , Boniface Obah , Chibunma Amaefule , Stephen Nnakaihe
Published: July 2017

Casing design an integral part of the well planning is divided into two phases: determination of the optimum casing depth and selection of appropriate casing grade. Conventionally, casing depth is determined using pore-fracture pressure data and an arbitrary kick margin (0.5ppg). This method maybe uneconomical or pose a well control risk since the kick margin may not reflect the actual well condition during fluid influx and subsequent circulation. A gas kick simulator is proposed in this work to aid the drilling engineer to make a good engineering decision during the well planning stage and rig-site well control operation. The kick simulator is derived using the using continuity equation, equation of state, and kick tolerance concept. The effects of temperature, fluid compressibility, annular friction pressure loss, choke line friction pressure loss, gas migration, variable fluid density and two-phase flow are incorporated in the the model. Beggs and Brill correlation is used to describe flow in the two-pase region; while frictional effects in the single-phase region and gas compressibility are modeled using Power Law Model and Peng-Robinson equation of state respectively. The effect of gas migration is modeled using Harmathy, Taylors and Zuber et al bubble rise velocity models. To account for liquid hold up, three types of flow regimes are adopted in the model: single gas bubble, mist and intermittent/transition flow. The results from the simulation study show that determining casing depth using pore-fracture data and an arbitrary kick margin may result to well control incident. Neglecting the effects of temperature, fluid compressibility and use of single gas bubble model is unrealistic and will require deeper casing depth. In offshore wells, choke line friction loss is an important factor that should be considered during the well planning stage.
Managing Reservoir and Operational Decline without a Rig: An Okan Case Study
Authors: Ogbuagu Frank , Afolayan Femi , Esan Femi , Obot Nsitie
Published: July 2017

The objective of this paper is to share learnings from the Okan field, highlighting successful strategies adopted to mitigate reservoir and operational decline almost 8 years without producer drilling or major rig workovers. Value gained is quantified to show that over a third of the current Okan production is tied to strategies adopted during the period of interest.

Details of the different wellwork methodologies are provided to communicate how value was maximized using minimal cost. Key strategies adopted that have created the Okan success story over the period of interest include the jacket-centric rigless wellwork approach which has resulted in a drop in overall wellwork costs as multiple wells on the same jacket are worked over in one mobilization. The use of interwell gas lift systems for isolated jackets unlocked reserves that would otherwise be uneconomic because of costly pipelay. In addition to enhancing production from wells requiring gas lift, the conversion of idle oil line conversions to gas supply lines for gas lift ensured available facility assets are utilized, bringing pipelay savings as well as production gain. Also, taking full advantage of the Okan Gas Gathering and Compression Platform, production from reservoirs with high GOR has been optimized, resulting in oil and gas gain without routine gas flaring. Challenges encountered and lessons learned are also shared in this paper.

As a result of the strategies shared in this paper, the current Okan production is over 30% higher than what it would have been without the deployment of these strategies highlighted. The same strategies can be transferred to other assets to obtain optimum value in these times of low commodity prices.
Displacement Efficiency in a Deep Water Turbidite Field in Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Itua Osazua J.
Published: July 2017

In Deep Water (DW) turbidite reservoirs in the Gulf of Guinea (GoG), waterflooding is deployed to maintain reservoir pressure and improve hydrocarbon recovery. The overall recovery from a reservoir under waterflooding is the product of displacement efficiency (DE), which is a function of remaining oil saturation (ROS) of the swept region, the vertical efficiency, and the pattern efficiency.

Analysis of open hole logs from recent infill wells in the Eko field that penetrated swept intervals provided useful insight into in-situ ROS values. The found ROS of between 0.05 to 0.11 were significantly lower than the 0.2 observed from core. The resulting DE of 87% estimated on the basis of the ROS data across these swept intervals has the potential to significantly improve economic robustness of some DW projects if proven correct.
AskWells - A Way to Improve Well Delivery Performance Via Knowledge Archiving and Transfer
Authors: Majekodunmi Ayodeji A. , Ibeku Charles , Nnadozie Eze
Published: July 2017

Efficient knowledge utilization is crucial for organizations to remain competitive. Recent changes and challenges facing the global oil and gas industry require companies to improve operational efficiency by effectively capturing and transmitting knowledge across their organizations. This is currently done using various knowledge management tools and processes. Challenges such as poor data repository platform integration, database queriability and Graphic User Interphase ineffectiveness reduce knowledge management efficiency.

In line with on-going continuous improvement initiatives, the Wells Performance Team initiated a project to optimize its knowledge management process. The impact of recent changes including portfolio divestments, experienced personnel turnover and job role changes on knowledge archiving and transfer were identified. The limitations of existing platforms were also analysed and target solutions were designed.

These resulted in the creation of a tool – AskWells. AskWells is a search tool that queries existing knowledge databases to generate information required to respond to operational challenges based on learnings from historical experiences and recommendations from best practices. It is also a tool for documenting and cascading Learnings from Incidents, Investigations, After Action Reviews and Best Practices. The deployment of AskWells coupled with a review of the people process around data management led to an improvement in the business’ ability to document operational learnings for effective retrieval and cascade. The ability to identify historical challenges to similar well delivery operations and narrow down search results to similar case conditions have taken an upward notch, thus improving well delivery performance remarkably. Learnings from other work units and teams within the organization are also effectively accessible with AskWells.

Overall, AskWells has contributed to an improvement in well delivery performance while deepening integration and collaboration with stakeholders. This paper discusses the AskWells tool in detail, bringing to light various aspects considered during tool development, and the success stories post deployment.
Production of Biolubricant From Castor Oil
Authors: Dibal Ibrahim N. , Okonkwo Paul C. , Haruna Ibrahim
Published: July 2017

In this research, bio-lubricant was produced from castor oil in two stage processes where methyl ester of the oil was produced by esterification and then transesterified using homogenous catalyst (NaOH). It was then blended with 15w/w% of Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) to produce bio-lubricant. By varying the amount of homogenous catalyst (1.0-1.2 w/w %), three (3) different grades of bio-lubricant samples were produced and subjected to physical and chemical test to determine their characteristics. The three grades of the bio-lubricant samples weighs 88.76g, 125.23g and 162.61g respectively with varying degrees of kinematic viscosity of 89.68, 67.24 and 58.01cst respectively at 40°C, and 8.14, 7.92 and 7.59cst respectively at 100°C. The viscosity indexes of the three samples are; 32, 78 and 91, pour points are −21, −18 and −18°C, and the flash points are 215, 211 and 223°C respectively for each of the samples. The properties of the biolubricant samples indicates that they can be used under wide range temperatures. Our results are comparable with mineral based lubricant standards of Motorlube (SAE 20W40).
Maximizing Opportunities in The Gas Sector by Using Existing Wells and a Fast-Track Development Approach: The Zeta Field Case Study
Authors: Azubike Obi , Wood Mark , Benyeogor Ogochukwu , Usman Ismail
Published: July 2017

The maturation and development of gas resources has of recent been on the front burner for many Oil & Gas producing countries and companies, mainly due to the drive for more environment friendly fuel and increasing demand for natural gas as a key driver for industrialization and growth. In Nigeria, the situation is not different, with proven reserves of 180 Tcf, but very low figures in production and utilisation of its gas resources, there has been an increased focus and push towards increased development in the natural gas sector.

From the inception of oil and gas exploration in the late 1950’s to late 1990’s, most of the focus in the Nigerian Oil and Gas industry has been towards oil development, with little or no focus on gas, which led to the suspension of many exploratory/appraisal gas discoveries in several fields, with no plans of further development.

The Zeta field is located in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, with predominantly gas bearing reservoirs. Together with other nearby fields, it has about 9 Tcf of discovered GIIP. There is no existing infrastructure to process or evacuate the gas. Zeta field currently has four exploration and appraisal wells drilled between 1973 and 1987 and encountered 13 stacked reservoirs with a total expectation GIIP of about 2 Tcf and CIIP of about 100 MMstb.

This paper highlights how opportunities in the gas sector has been maximized by deploying an innovative commercial and technical solution to unlock gas resources from a cluster of fields with large gas resource but not close to any evacuation facility. It shows how the existing exploration/appraisal wells has been planned for re-entry and side-track, to ensure a fast-tracked development of five Ready-To-Go (with no technically exploitable oil rim) reservoirs in the field. It also highlights how scalable reservoir models have been used in the development of the five reservoirs ensuring that the target onstream date is met.
Completeness of the Bethe states for the rational, spin-1/2 Richardson-Gaudin system
Authors: Links Jon
Published: July 2017

Establishing the completeness of a Bethe Ansatz solution for an
exactly solved model is a perennial challenge, which is typically
approached on a case by case basis. For the rational, spin-1/2
Richardson–Gaudin system it will be argued that, for generic values of
the system’s coupling parameters, the Bethe states are complete. This
method does not depend on knowledge of the distribution of Bethe roots,
such as a string hypothesis, and is generalisable to a wider class of
systems.
La competencia para aprender en programas de Educación de cuatro universidades colombianas
Authors: Jerónimo-Arango Lida Cruz , Yaniz Concepción
Published: July 2017

La competencia para aprender se constituye en una de las bases más importantes de la educación del siglo XXI. Objetivo: comparar el nivel de competencia para aprender en estudiantes que inician y finalizan programas de grado y posgrado en Educación en cuatro universidades colombianas. Método: investigación con alcance descriptivo de corte cuantitativo. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico de oportunidad en el que participaron 581 estudiantes matriculados en primer y último semestre de grado y posgrado en Educación a quienes se aplicó la Escala de Competencia de Aprendizaje (LCS). Los datos fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 23. Resultados: muestran diferencias significativas entre los estudiantes de primer semestre de pregrado y los estudiantes de último semestre de posgrado, y no así en los estudiantes que finalizan su formación de pregrado. Conclusión: la escala de competencia para aprender es un instrumento válido para medir el desarrollo de dicha competencia en la población estudiada. El desarrollo limitado de la competencia para aprender puede deberse a que es posible que en los primeros años de formación, los estudiantes participantes en este estudio desconocen la existencia de esta competencia y antes no experimentaron qué significa obtenerla, por consecuencia, la asumen como adquirida. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
La imagen de Gustavo Rojas Pinilla en la propaganda política durante la dictadura militar, Colombia 1953-1957
Authors: García-Villamarín Ana Lucía
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: analizar el uso que tuvo la imagen de Gustavo Rojas Pinilla como propaganda de su régimen durante el periodo que duró su dictadura: 13 de junio de 1953 a 10 de mayo de 1957. Método: cualitativo desde la estrategia documental (archivo, prensa y publicaciones oficiales). Se seleccionaron imágenes de Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, que hubiesen sido producidas o divulgadas en el periodo estudiado, las cuales fueron descritas, analizadas e interpretadas. Resultados: desde el inicio de la dictadura, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla utilizó su imagen como propaganda del régimen para crear un consenso popular por medio de alusiones de paz y progreso, constituyendo una iconografía populista que empleó intencionalmente referencias a Simón Bolívar y Cristo. La estrategia fue encaminada desde la Oficina de Información y Propaganda del Estado (ODIPE) en Colombia, y apoyada de cierta manera por la Hamilton Wright Organization en el ámbito internacional. Conclusiones: si bien la circulación de su imagen se dio de manera impuesta, su uso como propaganda política en la dictadura funcionó acertadamente en ese momento, pues fue diseñada para impactar a varios sectores de la sociedad que en su mayoría eran analfabetas. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Using terrestrial laser scanning in inventorying of a hybrid constructed wetland system
Authors: Obroślak Radomir , Mazur Andrzej , Jóźwiakowski Krzysztof , Dorozhynskyy Oleksandr , Grzywna Antoni , Rybicki Roman , Nieścioruk Kamil , Król Żanna , Gabryszuk Justyna , Gajewska Magdalena
Published: July 2017

The goal of this paper was to evaluate the possibility of using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for inventorying of a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) wastewater treatment plant. The object under study was a turtle-shaped system built in 2015 in Eastern Poland. Its main purpose is the treatment of wastewater from the Museum and Education Centre of Polesie National Park. The study showed that the CW system had been built in compliance with the technical documentation, as differences between values obtained from the object and those given in the design project (max. ± 20 cm for situation and ±5 cm for elevation) were within the range defined by the legislator. It was also shown that the results were sufficiently precise to be used for as-built surveying of the aboveground elements of the CW system. The TLS technique can also be employed to analyse quantitative changes in object geometry arising during long-term use (e.g. landmass slides or erosion), the identification of which can help in selecting the hot-spots at risk of damage and thus restore the object to its original state as well as prevent new changes.
Spatial Distribution Features of Debris Flows at Active Fault Zone Along Ya-Lu Highway, China
Authors: Yang Dingying , Han Zheng , Li Yange
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Active faults and accompanied tectonic activities are a key triggering factor for debris flows in mountainous region. In this paper, the spatial distribution of 19 debris flows along Ya-Lu highway in western China was analyzed.

Method:

We collected basic data of these 19 debris-flow gullies in the in-situ investigation work, and documented key parameters including watershed area, the averaged slope gradient, gully type, debris-flow magnitude, and developing stage of the gully. Based on the DTM data from SRTM database, the overall spatial distribution features of these debris flows are analyzed.

Result and Conclusion:

We used a polar coordinate system to illustrate the relationship between debris flow magnitude and the direct distance to the active fault. In this system, the spatial distribution of these debris flows is represented by the vertical distance to the fault and the angle between gullies to the fault. It is revealed that the debris-flow magnitude has a close positive relationship with the vertical distance to the active fault, that generally debris-flow magnitude increases as closing to the active fault.
Experiment of Ultimate Shear Failure and Friction Sliding Performance of Rubber Bearings of Bridges
Authors: Yue Li , Kehai Wang , Qiqi Wu
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

To fully ascertain the ultimate shear failure state and friction sliding performance of laminated rubber bearings used in bridges, a series of cyclic loading tests on such laminated rubber bearings was conducted.

Method:

The energy dissipation characteristics of rubber bearings with two fixed end plates, rubber bearings with unilateral friction sliding and a lead rubber bearing (LRB) under a low-frequency cyclic load were compared and analyzed.

Results and conclusion:

The results showed that (1) the ultimate shear deformation of the rubber bearings with two fixed end plates reached 300% to 400% of the rubber layer thickness. The damage was mainly focused on the rubber layer fracture. The energy dissipation capacity of the bearings was weak, and the hysteresis curve presented a narrow zonal shape. (2) The rubber bearings with unilateral friction sliding had a similar energy dissipation capacity compared to the LRB. The maximum energy dissipation in a single cycle could reach 126% of the LRB’s maximum energy dissipation. With an increase in the sliding distance, the dissipated energy continuously increased. The shear deformation of the bearing no longer increased after reaching its maximum. After the test, the bearings remained in good condition. The hysteresis curves of load-displacement presented a bilinear shape. (3) Under cyclic loading, the energy dissipation capacity of LRBs was stable. The LRBs played an effective role in energy dissipation during loading. After the test, the LRBs nearly returned to their original condition. The hysteresis curves of LRB were always fuller than the laminated rubber bearings.
Simulations of Local Scour Around a Cylindrical Bridge Pier And a Semicircular Abutment Using Unsteady k-ε Model Combined with σ-Grid
Authors: Liu Shi , Yang Yi , Wu Xiaobo
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Bridge scour is one of the major causes of bridge failure. Prediction of the maximum depth and shape of local scour plays an important role in bridge design and maintenance. In this paper, k-ε turbulent model combined with wall function was employed and complex flow fields are exhibited. The bed load transport model summarized by Qian and Wan [1] was applied to evaluate the development of local scour. Besides, σ-grid module was developed and embedded into the commercial solver FLUENT to fit the change of channel-bed.

Method:

In this module, the change of the elevation of the channel bed is calculated through using user defined functions(UDF), and the motion of the grid system is realized based on a program developed through C++ language, which extends the applications of FLUENT. The evolution of local scour hole for two cases, i.e., local scour around a cylindrical pier and a semicircular abutment, was simulated.

Results and Conclusion:

The depth and the shape of local scour as well as the flow fields were predicted. Numerical result conforms well to the experimental measurement. Especially, it provides fairly reasonable prediction on the key issue of the maximum scour depth. The satisfactory agreement validates the numerical method developed in the present study. In addition to the validation purpose, the different performance of this method for predicting local scour around the cylindrical pier and the semicircular abutment was discussed.
DAYA HAMBAT DEKOK KULIT APEL MANALAGI (Malus sylvestris Mill) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Escherichia coli DAN Streptococcus agalactiae PENYEBAB MASTITIS PADA SAPI PERAH
Authors: Surjowardojo Puguh , Susilorini Tri Eko
Published: July 2017

Kulit apel manalagi (Malus sylvestris Mill.) mengandung banyak zat aktif yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan dari dekok kulit apel manalagi (Malus sylvestris Mill.) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus agalactiae penyebab mastitis pada sapi perah dan menentukan konsentrasi optimal dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri tersebut. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode difusi sumuran dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut terdiri dari konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30% dan iodips sebagai perlakuan standart. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dekok kulit apel manalagi (Malus sylvestris Mill.) dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri, dimana perlakuan yang paling baik yaitu pada konsentrasi 30%. Hasil perhitungan rata-rata luas zona hambat dekok kulit apel manalagi (Malus sylvestris Mill.) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli adalah berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) dan hasil perhitungan pada bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae adalah tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus agalactiae. Konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30% belum dapat mengimbangi kekuatan daya hambat dari iodips dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli, akan tetapi padaÂ  bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae mampu untuk menghambat pertumbuhannya.Â Kata kunci: kulit apel manalagi, dekok, daya hambat antibakteri, bakteri patogen.
AN EVALUATION OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT ROUTE. CASE STUDY: HOP-ON HOP-OFF, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Ismail Izzati Khairimah , Hoon Leh Oliver Ling , Ahmad Zaki Zulkifli
Published: July 2017

Urban public transportation system is a means of providing mobility to locals, visitors as well as tourists. KL Hop-On Hop-Off buses, for instance, are designed specifically for local and foreign tourists to move within the Kuala Lumpur (KL) city centre areas for the purpose of tourism. However, there is only one route provided by the KL Hop-On Hop-Off, with more than 20 stops. The duration for a complete route tour without any stop is too long; that is around 2-2 ½ hours. Coupled with the problem of traffic congestion in KL, passengers face the problems of punctuality and long waiting periods. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the existing route of the KL Hop-On Hop-Off bus services. GIS application and questionnaire survey were used to evaluate the route. As a result, this study proposes three new routes as the alternatives to the existing single route Hop-On Hop-Off bus service. With the new routes, duration of a single full route tour can be reduced based on the interest of tourist. Tourists will be able to concentrate on just one part of KL city centre for their one-day tour based on their interest either heritage, shopping or nature.
THE FINANCIAL COSTS OF URBAN SPRAWL: CASE STUDY OF PENANG STATE
Authors: Osman Shahriza , Abdullah Jamalunlaili , Nawawi Abdul Hadi
Published: July 2017

The financial cost of urban sprawl is the additional or incremental costs measured relative to the type, density and location of sprawl development compared to inner city development. The costs are incurred by both the public and private sectors. Numerous studies on costs of sprawl found that there is an increase in infrastructure costs associated with sprawl development compared to compact development. Sprawl increases infrastructure costs in several ways. Lower density means each yard of linear infrastructure such as water and sewer serves fewer households. Housing type and location affect the number of water and sewer laterals and resultant costs. Road network cost increases as well. The increase in costs compels researchers to examine what type and which location of development should be encouraged. This paper adopts a case study approach in examining housing development costs of eleven housing projects in Penang State, Malaysia. Mathematical and statistical analysis are applied on actual data. The results of cross tabulation reveal that costs per unit of housing development, based on traditional development calculations, are cheaper with greater distance from CBD. However, when additional development costs data (infrastructure costs such as roadworks, sewerage and water lines from housing projects to the sub-service centres) are factored in, the results show that the cost per unit is higher with greater distance from CBD. These results support international findings that cost per unit of development rises as distance increases and densities decreases, characteristics of sprawl development. This is perhaps the first empirical results on financial costs of sprawl in Malaysia and hope to be a springboard to future studies on costs of urban sprawl in Malaysia.
HUMAN INTERACTION IN URBAN SPACES: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS IN URBAN PARK, SHAH ALAM CITY, SELANGOR
Authors: Ibrahim Filzani Illia , Omar Dasimah , Nik Mohamad Nik Hanita
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to provide valuable insight of the various dimensions of human needs’ towards open spaces. This study employed a mixed method research design involving both quantitative and qualitative methods that were utilised to identify and evaluate the human-human interaction and human-nature interaction in the area of study. Primary data was gathered by using questionnaire survey that was administered to 861 respondents who were visitors to public parks. The finding of this study is intended to show the main domains that reflect human needs’ toward open spaces together with perceived benefits to the open space users.
THE IMPACT OF GENTRIFICATION ON LOCAL URBAN HERITAGE IDENTITY IN OLD QUARTER, MELAKA HERITAGE CITY
Authors: Raja Othman Raja Norashekin
Published: July 2017

Gentrification represents a new trend of development towards the new forms of socio-spatial divisions of the city centre. It also restores the quality of urban development and life of the local community. However, there are various issues arising from this developmental process. These issues have been identified as the demand for physical development, economic worth and sociological evaluation of the community, which have an effect on the local identity of the study area. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the impact of gentrification on the local urban heritage identity in the heritage city of Melaka. The study takes a quantitative research approach. This study also shows the positive and negative impacts to the local communities, and these effects may differ with other cities. The study evaluates the impact on the socio-culture and spatial structure in this area. Hence, recommendations of this paper place emphasis on the involvement of the local community in determining the direction of development. Apart from that, safeguarding the local intangible cultural heritage value in the urban development process should also be emphasised as it is intended to respect and protect the rights of the local community while creating a balanced development without compromising quality of cultural heritage assets of the historic city.
ARCHITECTURAL-BUILDING AERODYNAMICS
Authors: Poddaeva Olga Igorevna , Dunichkin Ilya Vladimirovich
Published: July 2017

This article gives a brief historical digression about the formation of architectural and building aerodynamics as a separate branch of the construction science. The main methods and approaches to the solution of problems of architectural and building aerodynamics are listed; the classification of problems of aerodynamics of structural steel according to the studied objects is given; main peculiarities of the research in selected areas are briefly indicated. The aim of the work is to systematize existing approaches to assessing wind impact on structural steel taking into account some modern international requirements, as well as to choose the optimal method for solving this problem in relation to various structural steel. It is established that, currently, the study about wind impact is especially important for high-rise buildings, structures, and structural steel nonresistant to dynamic loads (long span bridge conduits, gins polarized, thin-shell tubes, etc.), as well as for residential estates with restrained urban conditions. It is necessary to carry-out these aerodynamic studies at the designing stage for the above objects because it is directly related to the issues of reliability and safety.
ARCHITECTURE AND ITS WINDAGE
Authors: Limonad Mikhail Yurievich
Published: July 2017

The article deals with the composition of the landscape and building on the basis of the laws of aerodynamic resistance of objects to the wind flow and the resulting physical effect of sail. The application of landscape-visual assessment based on windage properties as a criterion for the development of the architectural and town-planning appearance of buildings is presented. Windage is studied as a physical phenomenon arising in landscape forms, buildings, loose materials, surface and vegetation of the relief. Similarities are found between the silhouettes of windage ships and urban buildings. It is revealed that in the architectural qualification the center of the sail and the center of the lateral resistance of the object can help assess the relative position of the elements of the landscape and the appearance of the building in order to achieve compositional integrity. Thus, a technique for assessing visual appearance based on a system of visual moments of sailness with respect to the object’s observation center has been developed. The influence of high-rise buildings on the conditions of the active surface for human stay on domestic and foreign examples is analyzed. Among the described objects there are high-rise buildings on Novy Arbat in Moscow, the sculpture “Motherland Calls!” In Volgograd, Spinaker Tower in Portsmouth (United Kingdom), Burj Al Arab Hotel in Dubai (United Arab Emirates). It is noted that to assess the compositional integrity of the observed landscapes by visual windage, photographs from the ground level and significant heights of window openings are used. It is proposed to use this to assess the existing types and panoramas, for which they need to capture a photo or video of planar or volumetric images, while performing editing to establish the adequacy of visual perception of a person in real conditions. In conclusion, the result of the study reveals the application of the method of assessing visual windage to determine the proportional unity of the external volume of the building with the environment. On this compositional characteristic, the creation of an artistically completed whole landscape is based, which increases its aesthetic and economic value.
WIND PROTECTION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Trubitsyna Natalja Anatolevna
Published: July 2017

The article discusses the interaction between the wind regime and the landscape. Examples of objects of landscape architecture in high-tech and science-intensive spheres, such as the launch pad of a spacecraft, are given. Wind protection is represented as a result of work on wind power engineering and a means of increasing bioclimatic comfort. The terms of landscape architecture are disclosed and mutual influence on the climate and impact on woody-shrub vegetation and field crops are analyzed. The phenomenon of air permeability for optimal operation of windproof structures and orientations of geoplastics and dendroplastics is described. In this paper, a classification of terrain types is described with a description of their elemental composition, as well as various categories of landscape. The proposal to consider the landscape as a territorial complex, and landscape buildings, landscape-architectural structures as objects of landscape architecture possessing properties of wind protection and air permeability was introduced. Thus, the concept of a landscape-architectural complex as a single group of landscape-architectural objects located on the territory and connected by a common system of communications, functions, technical elements and a visual image is formulated. Further research is based on the rationale for the use of the term ensemble in relation to the objects of the landscape and architectural complex and the identification of their design and planning features that can affect the parameters of wind protection and air permeability. The paper concludes that frequent coincidence of favorable for the fauna wind regime and mimicry of landscape architecture objects. The combination in the landscape of functions for wind protection and aesthetics is analyzed with analysis of such elements of landscape architecture as hedges and windproof properties of green plantations. In the work examples of wind engineering small architectural forms are shown in the form of sculptures moving from air streams, which also change the speed and direction of the wind. All this is generalized in further directions of research within the framework of the designated terrain theme, bioclimatic comfort and wind protection.
LIGHTWEIGHT SLAB CAST OVER PRECAST JOISTS
Authors: Koyankin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2017

Precast-monolithic house-building in domestic and world practice is a significant part in the mass construction. We propose a relatively large number of designs of precast-monolithic buildings, as well as its individual elements. Despite this, we cannot say that found the most effective constructive solutions able to satisfy the requirements of consumers (future residents) and builders. On this basis, we developed quite effective, from the point of view of construction and further operation, a constructive solution of light weight precast-monolithic overlap. Some features offered are overlapping: smaller mass, compared with beams of heavy concrete; increased heat and sound insulation properties; optimal use of the structural properties of heavy and light precast monolithic concrete and longitudinal reinforcement, depending on the stage of construction. The author has carried out in this article the results of numerical studies the proposed design of precast-monolithic overlap, confirming its compliance with the requirements of 1st and 2nd group of limit States.
HIGH-PRESSURE WATER SPRAY APPLICATION FOR AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINCTION IN THE UNDERGROUND
Authors: Prokhorov V.P. , Vagner E.S.
Published: July 2017

The paper is devoted to ensuring the fire safety of an important object for the majority of megacities as the underground. The author examines in detail the fire-hazardous production processes and talks about the use of high-pressure water spray (WS) for extinguishing fires at underground facilities as the most effective firefighting measures. The paper describes the advantages of using of high-pressure water spray for automatic fire extinguishing in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.
ELIMINATION OF THE DISADVANTAGES OF SCHEDULING-NETWORK PLANNING BY APPLYING THE MATRIX OF KEY PROJECT EVENTS
Authors: Morozenko Andrey Aleksandrovich , Krasovskiy Dmitriy Viktorovich
Published: July 2017

The article discusses the current disadvantages of the scheduling-network planning in the management of the terms of investment-construction project. Problems associated with the construction of the schedule and the definitions of the duration of the construction project are being studied. The problems of project management for the management apparatus are shown, which consists in the absence of mechanisms for prompt response to deviations in the parameters of the scheduling-network diagram. A new approach to planning the implementation of an investment-construction project based on a matrix of key events and a rejection of the current practice of determining the duration based on inauthentic regulatory data. An algorithm for determining the key events of the project is presented. For increase the reliability of the organizational structure, the load factor of the functional block in the process of achieving the key event is proposed. Recommendations for improving the interaction of the participants in the investment-construction project are given.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC EVENTS CYCLICITY METHOD CONSIDERATION
Authors: Yaskova Natalia Yur'ievna
Published: July 2017

The cyclicity of economic phenomena is not only their immanent property but also the subject of economic analysis. The modern way of making managerial decisions requires analysis of a number of cycles that fill any kind of activity. Accounting and reconciliation of construction, design, investment, purchasing, reproduction, leasing and other cycles is important for the investment and construction sector, both from the point of view of the need for their synchronization and from the position of determining trends in sectoral development. The analysis has showed that three main types of development are characteristic for investment and construction activity. Increasing intensity is inherent in a high level of cyclic synchronization. The degradation trend arises as a result of mismatched cycles. The stabilization character is inherent in the regular modes of maintaining the established proportions and cyclical inter-conformity. The study of the cyclical nature of investment and building processes is impossible without understanding their co-ordination. The principles of synchronization and subordination of the cycles should be used not only for the construction of cost-effective systems but also for the development of management tools.
Empathy as moderator of gender differences in Chinese insurance agents' business ethical sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhang Jian , Wang Jing
Published: July 2017

To expand the business ethics research field, and to increase society's understanding of Chinese insurance agents' business ethics, we investigated how gender differences are related to agents' business ethical sensitivity and whether or not these relationships are moderated by empathy.
Through a regression analysis of the factors associated with the business ethical sensitivity of 417 Chinese insurance agents, we found that gender played an important role in affecting business ethical sensitivity, and empathy significantly affected business ethical sensitivity. Furthermore,
empathy had a moderating effect on the relationship between gender and business ethical sensitivity. Both men and women with strong empathy scored high on business ethical sensitivity; however, men with strong empathy had higher levels of business ethical sensitivity than did women with little
empathy. The findings add to the literature by providing insight into the mechanisms responsible for the benefits of empathy in increasing business ethical sensitivity.
In Conversation with Mamang Dai
Authors: Sarangi Jaydeep
Published: July 2017

An interview with a reputed writer from the North East India.Mamang Dai is a significant Indian English poet and novelist from Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh. She was correspondent with the Hindustan Times, Telegraph and Sentinel newspapers and President, Arunachal Pradesh Union of Working Journalists. She also worked with World Wide Fund for nature in the Eastern Himalaya Biodiversity Hotspots programme. She has received the Verrier Elwin Award from the State government of Arunachal Pradesh (2003) and Padma Shri from the Government of India (2011).Mamang Dai’s books include: Arunachal Pradesh: The Hidden Land (non-fiction, 2003/2009); The Legends of Pensam (novel, 2006); The Sky Queen and Once Upon a Moontime (illustrated folklore for young readers, 2003); Stupid Cupid (novel, 2008); Mountain Harvest: The Food of Arunachal (non-fiction, 2004); River Poems (2004); and The Black Hill (novel, 2014); Hambreelsai’s Loom (2014): El bálsamo del tiempo/The balm of time (bilingual poetry edition, 2008); Midsummer Survival Lyrics (poetry, 2014).
In Conversation with Subodh Sarkar
Authors: Sarangi Jaydeep
Published: July 2017

Subodh Sarkar’s first book of poem was published in the late 1970s, and now he has 26 books to his credit – 20 of poems, two of translations and one travelogue on America. His poems have been translated into English, French and several Indian languages and published in several journals and anthologies. Sarkar is the editor of Bhashanagar, a Bengali culture magazine with occasional English issues. He is the guest editor of Indian Literature, New Delhi. He is a recipient of the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award (2013).
A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA A GESTÃO ESCOLAR: DIVERSOS OLHARES
Authors: Silva Deborah Breda da , Neumann Martins Silvana , Diesel Aline , Castoldi Natanael Pedro
Published: July 2017

A educação de qualidade é um desafio à escola e cabe à gestão escolar unir e conduzir os diferentes pensamentos a fim garantir a melhoria do ensino e da aprendizagem. Entretanto, por diversas vezes, o professor assume um cargo de gestão, sem ter uma formação específica, ignorando a complexidade da tarefa de gerenciar os espaços escolares. Diante dessa situação, objetivou-se investigar as percepções de gestores com relação aos desafios da gestão e as contribuições da formação inicial e da formação continuada na sua atuação. A formação inicial oferece ao professor o aporte teórico para a atuação docente, enquanto a formação continuada mostrou-se como ferramenta propulsora de desacomodação. A formação inicial forneceu as percepções teóricas em relação à gestão, porém, na prática, os profissionais encontraram dificuldades para lidar com os desafios desta carreira.
MATEMATICANDO: A GEOMETRIA NAS MANDALAS
Authors: Souza Mariana Baumhardt , Quartieri Marli Teresinha , Marchi Miriam Ines
Published: July 2017

Este artigo pretende socializar os resultados de uma prática pedagógica desenvolvida com alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública, localizada em Porto Alegre/RS. O objetivo da prática foi propiciar aos alunos atividades que relacionassem conteúdos matemáticos com a arte, por meio da construção de mandalas. Além disso, foram investigados quais conceitos geométricos poderiam emergir durante a realização das atividades propostas, bem como as reações dos alunos durante a efetivação das mesmas. A coleta dos dados foi realizada a partir do diário de bordo e registros fotográficos de cada intervenção. A prática possibilitou a emergência de conteúdos geométricos relacionados a simetria, posição de retas, figuras planas. Percebeu-se a motivação e o interesse dos alunos durante as atividades propostas. Ademais, a cada encontro resgatavam conhecimentos adquiridos e compreendiam novos saberes relacionando a geometria com a arte.