bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatigue induces altered spatial myoelectric activation patterns in the medial gastrocnemius during locomotion
Authors: Schlink Bryan R. , Nordin Andrew D. , Brooks Christina N. , Ferris Daniel P.
Published: April 2021

This research investigates the effects of muscle fatigue on spatial myoelectric patterns in the lower limb during locomotion. Both spatial and frequency aspects of neuromuscular recruitment in the medial gastrocnemius change in response to fatigue, resulting in altered myoelectric patterns during walking and running. These data may help us better understand the adaptations that occur in lower limb muscles to avoid overuse injuries caused by fatigue.
The role of the medial olivocochlear reflex in psychophysical masking and intensity resolution in humans: a review
Authors: Jennings Skyler G.
Published: April 2021

This review addresses the putative role of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex in psychophysical masking and intensity resolution in humans. A framework for interpreting psychophysical results in terms of the expected influence of the MOC reflex is introduced. This framework is used to review the effects of a precursor or contralateral acoustic stimulation on 1) simultaneous masking of brief tones, 2) behavioral estimates of cochlear gain and frequency resolution in forward masking, 3) the buildup and decay of forward masking, and 4) measures of intensity resolution. Support, or lack thereof, for a role of the MOC reflex in psychophysical perception is discussed in terms of studies on estimates of MOC strength from otoacoustic emissions and the effects of resection of the olivocochlear bundle in patients with vestibular neurectomy. Novel, innovative approaches are needed to resolve the dissatisfying conclusion that current results are unable to definitively confirm or refute the role of the MOC reflex in masking and intensity resolution.
Influence of Steering Angle Profiles on the Orbit Transfer Trajectory
Authors: Lee Donghun , Song Young-Joo
Published: April 2021

This paper considers a planar orbit transfer trajectory design problem using finite thrust modeling. In this problem, the steering angles associated with the thrust direction are calculated from the predetermined profile format, and the unknown parameters in the profile are directly optimized. Three profile formats that were implemented in previous lunar exploration missions are considered. In addition, a steering angle profile defined in the rotating frame and the optimal steering angle profile are newly studied to compare the performances. To this end, the direct parameter optimization problem and the indirect optimization problem are formulated, and the characteristics of the steering angle profile and its influence on the transfer trajectory are analyzed.
Evaluation of the Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties of Tunichrome Released from Phallusia nigra Persian Gulf Marine Tunicate
Authors: Marhamati Zohreh , Marhamatizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Mohebbi Gholamhossein
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, nutraceutical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of tunichrome released from Persian Gulf tunicate (Phallusia nigra). For this purpose, molecular weight (SDS-PAGE), amino acid profile, chemical composition (GC-MS), mineral composition, functional groups (FTIR), total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties were investigated. The results showed that tunichrome contained a high amount of essential amino acids (i.e., Lys = 32.24 mg/100 g) and essential minerals. According to GC-MS results, tunichrome had different antioxidant and antimicrobial components. The TPC and TFC of tunichrome were 0.55 mg GA/g and 0.21 mg quercetin/100 g, respectively. Tunichrome showed higher antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid, and its radical scavenging activity values were increased from 30.28 to 82.08% by increasing concentration from 50 to 200 ppm. Inhibition zones of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were 14, 18, 17, and 15 mm, respectively. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration values of tunichrome for S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, S. enterica, and E. coli O157:H7 were 1.17, 0.59, 0.59, and 1.17 mg/ml, respectively. The minimum bacterial concentrations were 2.34, 1.17, 1.17, and 2.34 mg/ml for S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, S. enterica, and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. These results showed that tunichrome of Phallusia nigra has excellent biological effects as a bioactive compound for food fortification.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation following Noncardiothoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Subramani Yamini , El Tohamy Omar , Jalali Daniil , Nagappa Mahesh , Yang Homer , Fayad Ashraf
Published: April 2021

Background. Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in 16–30% of patients after cardiac and thoracic surgery and can lead to serious complications like hypoperfusion of vital organs, pulmonary edema, and myocardial infarction. The evidence on risk factors and complications associated with perioperative AF after noncardiothoracic surgery is limited. Methods. The primary objective was to determine demographic and clinical risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation associated with noncardiothoracic surgery. A secondary aim was to identify the incidence and odds of perioperative complications associated with the new-onset atrial fibrillation. A systematic search within multiple databases was conducted for studies that explicitly reported on new-onset atrial fibrillation after noncardiothoracic surgery. We reported data on demographics, comorbidities, and perioperative complications as mean difference (MD) or odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) using random effects models. A two-sided

P

value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. We performed meta-regression and sensitivity analysis of various subgroups to confirm the inference of our findings. Results. Eleven studies reporting on 121,517 patients were included, of whom 2,944 developed perioperative AF (incidence rate: 3.7%; 95% CI: 2.3%––6.2%). Advanced age (AF group versus control group: 69.36 ± 10.5 versus 64.37 ± 9.53 years; MD: 4.06; 95% CI: 1.67––6.44;

P
=
0.0009

), male gender (52.85% versus 43.59%; OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.62; I2: 84%;

P
<
0.0001

), preoperative hypertension (60.42% versus 56.51%; OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.23; I2: 0%;

P
<
0.00001

), diabetes mellitus (22.6% versus 23.04%; OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.05; I2: 0;

P
<
0.00001

), and cardiac disease (30.64% versus 8.49%; OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 0.28 to 4.31; I2: 93%;

P
=
0.03

) were found to be significant predictors for perioperative AF. The AF group was at increased odds of developing postoperative cardiac complications (34.1% versus 5%; OR: 5.44; 95% CI: 0.49 to 10.39; I2: 82%;

P
=
0.03

), postoperative stroke (0.5% versus 0.1%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0.65 to 5.35; I2: 0%;

P
=
0.01

), and mortality (7.40% versus 1.92%; OR: 3.58; 95% CI: 0.14 to 7.02; I2: 0%;

P
=
0.04

). Study quality assessment by meta-regression and sensitivity analysis of the various subgroups did not affect the final inference of the results. Conclusion. We identified advanced age, male gender, preoperative hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac disease as important risk factors for perioperative atrial fibrillation. The atrial fibrillation group was at increased odds for postoperative cardiac complications, stroke, and higher mortality, emphasizing the need for risk stratification and close monitoring.
Effects of the Vertebral Artery Ostium/Subclavian Artery Angle on In‐Stent Restenosis after Vertebral Artery Ostium Stenting
Authors: Su Hui , Yu Shengyuan , Tian Chenglin , Du Zhihua , Liu Xinfeng , Wang Jun , Cao Xiangyu
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose. The cause of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) after vertebral artery ostium (VAO) stenting remains unclear. We evaluated factors associated with ISR in patients who underwent VAO stenting. We also assessed the feasibility of stenting for treating VAO stenosis (VAOS). Methods. Between January 2016 and October 2018, sixty‐four consecutive patients who underwent a total of 66 stenting procedures were screened for symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerotic VAOS. Of these patients, 57 had complete follow‐up data. The baseline patient demographics and morphological features of the VAO were recorded. Potential factors influencing ISR, including conventional cerebrovascular disease risk factors, were assessed, together with outcome events including recurrent transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, and vascular‐related mortality. Results. The average follow‐up period was 13.2 ± 4.6 months. Technical success was achieved in all interventions. The degree of stenosis was reduced from 77.2 ± 6.1% to 13.7 ± 8.9% after the procedure. ISR was detected in eight treated vessels (14.0%) and occlusion in two (5.3%) arteries. Of the 57 patients, one had an ischemic stroke and 5 had TIAs. The angle of the VAO at the subclavian artery was associated with the risk of restenosis (preoperative, P = 0.04; postoperative, P = 0.02). Conclusions. Stenting is a feasible and effective treatment for VAOS. The angle of the VAO at the subclavian artery may contribute to the development of ISR.
Ethacrynic Acid Enhances the Antitumor Effects of Afatinib in EGFR/T790M-Mutated NSCLC by Inhibiting WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway Activation
Authors: Zhang Xuehui , Huang Chaoyuan , Cui Biyu , Pang Yebin , Liang Rong , Luo Xiaoling
Published: April 2021

Background. Despite afatinib as a new first-line treatment for EGFR L858R and exon 19 deletion or other rare EGFR-mutation patients, the acquired resistance or toxic effects associated with it limited its use clinically. The controlling of acquired resistance or optimization of the afatinib dosage in EGFR/T790M mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still an important fundamental problem. Ethacrynic acid (EA) has been proved as a dual inhibitor of GST and WNT, and the α, β-unsaturated-keto structure of it is similar to that of irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, these beneficial effects of EA combined with afatinib have never been reported in NSCLC. Therefore, the antitumor effects of afatinib combined with EA in EGFR L858R/T790M-mutated NSCLC cells and related mechanisms were analyzed. Our in vitro and in vivo results showed that EA has strong synergistic antitumor effects with afatinib in EGFR L858R/T790M-mutated NSCLC cells, but has no cytotoxic effects in NSCLC cells when used it alone, i.e., the cytotoxic effects of afatinib (IC30) plus EA (IC30) were stronger than the effects of afatinib (IC50) alone. Our functional studies found that the antitumor mechanisms of afatinib when combined with EA mainly occurred by inhibiting WNT/β-catenin pathway activation and suppression of the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors. These results revealed that combination of afatinib with EA derivatives not only provided a new therapeutic approach for EGFR/T790M-mutated NSCLC patients but also offered a new idea for developing new drugs or optimizing the dose of afatinib in clinical use in future antitumor therapy.
Some Similarity and Distance Measures between Complex Interval-Valued q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets Based on Cosine Function and their Applications
Authors: Garg Harish , Ali Zeeshan , Mahmood Tahir , Aljahdali Sultan
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present a new method to solve the decision-making algorithm based on the cosine similarity and distance measures by utilizing the uncertain and vague information. A complex interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (CIVQROFS) is a reliable and competent technique for handling the uncertain information with the help of the complex-valued membership grades. To address the degree of discrimination between the pairs of the sets, cosine similarity measures (CSMs) and distance measures (DMs) are an accomplished technique. Driven by these, in this manuscript, we defined some CSMs and DMs for the pairs of CIVQROFSs and investigated their several properties. Choosing that the CSMs do not justify the axiom of the similarity measure (SM), then we investigate a technique to developing other CIVQROFSs-based SMs using the explored CSMs and Euclidean DMs, and it fulfills the axiom of the SMs. In addition, we find the cosine DMs (CDMs) by considering the inter-relationship between the SM and DMs; then, we have modified the procedure for the rank of partiality by similarity to the ideal solution method for the CDMs under investigation, which can deal with the associated decision-making problems not only individually from the argument of the opinion of geometry but also the fact of the opinion of algebra. Finally, we provide a numerical example to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed procedure, which is also in line with existing procedures. Graphical representations of the measures developed are also used in this manuscript.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Adrenal Cavernous Hemangioma: A Study of 8 Cases from a Single Center
Authors: Huang Henghai , Wu Xiaoyun , Lin Xiaocao , Li Delin , Zeng Jingjing
Published: April 2021

Background. Cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor that develops from the adrenal glands. In this study, we present our experience with patients with adrenal cavernous hemangiomas (ACH) in a Chinese population. Methods. Demographic, diagnostic, surgical, and pathological findings in patients at a single institution who were adrenalectomized as a result of ACH were retrospectively reviewed. Results. Among 601 patients who underwent adrenalectomy, 8 (1.33%; 5 men, 3 women) cases were diagnosed with ACH between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2018, in a single institution. The mean age was 53.25 ± 11.9 years (range, 35–67 years). Four (50%) were asymptomatic, and three (37.5%) complained of abdominal or flank discomfort. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed ACH in 3 (37.5%) cases. Well-defined borders and heterogeneous enhancement with characteristic progressive partial filling-in were characteristic CT features of ACH (tumor size>3 cm). The mean tumor size was 5.16 ± 3.4 cm (range, 1.5–11 cm). No recurrence occurred during a median follow-up period of 38.37 months (range, 8–60 months). Conclusions. ACH was asymptomatic in most cases, and diagnosis could be challenging. Adrenalectomy is a safe treatment modality for ACH, and it ensures favorable outcomes.
Automatic Data Collecting and Application of the Touch Probing System on the CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Tang Zhi , Jiang Xinyu , Zi Wenliang , Shen Xin , Zhang Die
Published: April 2021

For realizing automatic data collecting of the touch probing system on the CNC machine tool and practicing the application technology of big data from the CNC machining process, a special NC program was developed on the Siemens 840D SL controller to record data with a defined text format, and they were uploaded onto the host computer automatically. With the help of DB management software in the host PC, data obtained were sent into the MES database regularly, and then automatic data collecting of manufacturing process information was realized. With the big data technology, three applications based on big data technology have been listed. They are duo active error detection on the probing system, geometrical accuracy monitoring, and management of the cutting parameter and tool life. Tests of cutting on the platen of an injection molding machine with a PAMA SR3000 floor-type CNC boring-milling machine proved that the new technology achieves its design objectives.
Efficacy of ARB/HCTZ Combination Therapy in Uncontrolled Hypertensive Patients Compared with ARB Monotherapy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ma Linlin , Zheng Keyang , Yan Jiafu , Cheng Wenli
Published: April 2021

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of combination of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) compared to ARB alone in patients with uncontrolled hypertension via a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. We searched databases till July 2019 using relevant search terms. We included articles that were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ARB/HCTZ with ARB for a duration of at least 4 weeks and reported on the efficacy or safety. Meta-analyses for efficacy outcomes were performed. In addition, groups given different concentrations of HCTZ (12.5 and 25 mg) were analysed separately. Results. Sixteen RCTs (12,055 participants) were included. Overall, ARB/HCTZ combination therapy (both 12.5 and 25 mg HCTZ combination) resulted in better sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure control than ARB alone (mean difference (95% confidence interval (CI): −5.69 [−6.66, −4.73] for 12.5 mg and −9.10 [−11.78, −6.42] for 25 mg and mean difference (95% CI): −2.91 [−3.31, −2.51] for 12.5 mg and −4.16 [−4.75, −3.58] for 25 mg). ARB/HCTZ combination therapy resulted in a higher rate of target blood pressure achievement compared to ARB alone (risk ratio (95% CI): 1.50 [1.42, 1.59]). ARB/HCTZ combination therapy had similar rates of total adverse events (AEs) and severe AEs compared to ARB alone. Conclusion. ARB/HCTZ combination therapy is more efficacious for controlling blood pressure, and combination with a low concentration of HCTZ has similar AEs compared to ARB alone. Clinicians should consider adding HCTZ in the medication regime of patients with uncontrolled hypertension using ARB, if their clinical profile allows.
Driver Lane-Changing Behavior Prediction Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wei Cheng , Hui Fei , Khattak Asad J.
Published: April 2021

A correct lane-changing plays a crucial role in traffic safety. Predicting the lane-changing behavior of a driver can improve the driving safety significantly. In this paper, a hybrid neural network prediction model based on recurrent neural network (RNN) and fully connected neural network (FC) is proposed to predict lane-changing behavior accurately and improve the prospective time of prediction. The dynamic time window is proposed to extract the lane-changing features which include driver physiological data, vehicle kinematics data, and driver kinematics data. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through the experiments in real traffic scenarios. Besides, the proposed model is compared with five prediction models, and the results show that the proposed prediction model can effectively predict the lane-changing behavior more accurate and earlier than the other models. The proposed model achieves the prediction accuracy of 93.5% and improves the prospective time of prediction by about 2.1 s on average.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum C: A Valuable Tool to Decipher the Signaling Pathways in Skin Cancers
Authors: Nasrallah A. , Fayyad N. , Kobaisi F. , Badran B. , Fayyad-Kazan H. , Fayyad-Kazan M. , Sève M. , Rachidi W.
Published: April 2021

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal genodermatosis that manifests clinically with pronounced sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the high probability of the occurrence of different skin cancer types in XP patients. XP is mainly caused by mutations in XP‐genes that are involved in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway that functions in the removal of bulky DNA adducts. Besides, the aggregation of DNA lesions is a life‐threatening event that might be a key for developing various mutations facilitating cancer appearance. One of the key players of NER is XPC that senses helical distortions found in damaged DNA. The majority of XPC gene mutations are nonsense, and some are missense leading either to the loss of XPC protein or to the expression of a truncated nonfunctional version. Given that no cure is yet available, XPC patients should be completely protected and isolated from all types of UV radiations (UVR). Although it is still poorly understood, the characterization of the proteomic signature of an XPC mutant is essential to identify mediators that could be targeted to prevent cancer development in XPC patients. Unraveling this proteomic signature is fundamental to decipher the signaling pathways affected by the loss of XPC expression following exposure to UVB radiation. In this review, we will focus on the signaling pathways disrupted in skin cancer, pathways modulating NER’s function, including XPC, to disclose signaling pathways associated with XPC loss and skin cancer occurrence.
Evaluation of a Modified Flow-Through Method for Predictive Dissolution and In Vitro/In Vivo Correlations of Immediate Release and Extended Release Formulations
Authors: Yi Hanxi , Liu Fan , Zhang Guoqing , Cheng Zeneng
Published: April 2021

The present study evaluated the ability of a modified flow-through method for predicting in vivo performance of immediate release (IR) and extended release (ER) formulations. In vitro dissolution of two model drugs, paracetamol IR tablets and felodipine ER tablets, was investigated under tuned conditions using the modified flow-through method and compared with the compendial quality control (QC) basket method. The in vivo absorption properties of paracetamol IR tablets and felodipine ER tablets were investigated in healthy volunteers. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) analysis was performed based on the obtained in vitro and in vivo data. Our results demonstrated that the compendial QC method was not able to reflect in vivo actual absorption, while satisfactory discriminatory power and comparable in vitro dissolution/in vivo absorption were achieved for both paracetamol IR tablets and felodipine ER tablets by the modified flow-through method. This study indicated that the modified flow-through method is a potential tool to reflect in vivo performance of the IR and ER formulations.
Forms of Solutions for Some Two-Dimensional Systems of Rational Partial Recursion Equations
Authors: Ibrahim Tarek F. , Khan A. Q.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we offer the closed-form expressions of systems of second-order partial difference equations. We will utilize an alternative approach to verify the results by (odd-even) dual mathematical induction. We research and enforce the specific solutions of partial difference formulas and ordinary difference formulas as a straight effect.
The FDA Oncology Center of Excellence Scientific Collaborative: Charting a Course for Applied Regulatory Science Research in Oncology
Authors: Schneider Julie A. , Gong Yutao , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Kluetz Paul G. , Theoret Marc R. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Beaver Julia A. , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Gormley Nicole J. , Jaigirdar Adnan A. , Lemery Steven J. , Mishra-Kalyani Pallavi S. , Reaman Gregory H. , Rivera Donna R. , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Singh Harpreet , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Pazdur Richard
Published: April 2021

The FDA Oncology Center of Excellence (OCE) is a leader within the agency in scientific outreach activities and regulatory science research. On the basis of analysis of scientific workshops, internal meetings, and publications, the OCE identified nine scientific priority areas and one cross-cutting area of high interest for collaboration with external researchers. This article describes the process for identifying these scientific interest areas and highlights funded and unfunded opportunities for external researchers to work with FDA staff on critical regulatory science challenges.
Racial Disparities in In-Hospital Adverse Events Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Implanted With a Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device: A US National Perspective
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zia , Munir Muhammad Bilal , Darden Douglas , Pasupula Deepak Kumar , Balla Sudarshan , Han Frederick T. , Reeves Ryan , Hsu Jonathan C.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Left atrial appendage occlusion using a Watchman device has shown promise in reducing stroke risk in selected atrial fibrillation patients. Limited data exist on differences in characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of Watchman recipients in the United States based on race/ethnicity.

Methods:

Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample database for calendar years 2015 to 2018. The study sample was stratified into 4 groups (White, Black, Hispanic, and other races). Baseline characteristics, procedural complications, and key in-hospital outcomes were then assessed. We also analyzed the independent association of race/ethnicity with key in-hospital outcomes including major complications, prolonged hospital stay, and increased hospitalization cost.

Results:

A total of 34 960 Watchman recipients were included in the final analysis. Black and Hispanic patients had higher prevalence of heart failure, hypertension, obesity, and renal failure when compared with White patients. The crude rate of overall procedural complications was also higher in Blacks, Hispanics, and patients of other race when compared with White patients (15.2%, 12.4%, and 14.1% versus 9.9%;
P
<0.01). After multivariable adjustment, compared with White patients, Blacks, Hispanics, and patients of other race experienced a higher likelihood of a major complication from the procedure (adjusted odds ratio, 1.223 [95% CI, 0.986–1.517], 1.296 [95% CI, 1.075–1.561], and 1.924 [95% CI, 1.569–2.360], respectively) and prolonged length of stay >1 day (adjusted odds ratio, 1.631 [95% CI, 1.431–1.859], 1.239 [95% CI, 1.110–1.383], and 1.619 [95% CI, 1.403–1.869], respectively).

Conclusions:

Non-White patients undergoing Watchman implantation had higher prevalence of key comorbidities and also experienced increased Watchman-related adverse events including procedural complications and prolonged length of stay, even after adjustment for potential confounders. Further research is needed to identify etiologies behind differential outcomes among non-White patients after Watchman implantation.
Did Aristotle Use a Laptop?A Question Answering Benchmark with Implicit Reasoning Strategies
Authors: Geva Mor , Khashabi Daniel , Segal Elad , Khot Tushar , Roth Dan , Berant Jonathan
Published: April 2021

A key limitation in current datasets for multi-hop reasoning is that the required steps for answering the question are mentioned in it explicitly. In this work, we introduce StrategyQA, a question answering (QA) benchmark where the required reasoning steps are implicit in the question, and should be inferred using a strategy. A fundamental challenge in this setup is how to elicit such creative questions from crowdsourcing workers, while covering a broad range of potential strategies. We propose a data collection procedure that combines term-based priming to inspire annotators, careful control over the annotator population, and adversarial filtering for eliminating reasoning shortcuts. Moreover, we annotate each question with (1) a decomposition into reasoning steps for answering it, and (2) Wikipedia paragraphs that contain the answers to each step. Overall, StrategyQA includes 2,780 examples, each consisting of a strategy question, its decomposition, and evidence paragraphs. Analysis shows that questions in StrategyQA are short, topic-diverse, and cover a wide range of strategies. Empirically, we show that humans perform well (87%) on this task, while our best baseline reaches an accuracy of ∼ 66%.
Behavioural impacts on the taphonomy of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation, Brazil

Authors: BARLING NATHAN T. , HEADS SAM W. , MARTILL DAVID M.
Published: April 2021

The relative completeness of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) fossils from the Crato Formation is investigated and compared to other fossil insect groups from the same formation. Tagma completeness is measured as present, partial, or absent, with some additional subdivision of body components (head, thorax, limbs, individual wings, anterior and posterior abdomen). These data are statistically explored for trends using principal coordinate analysis. While no definitive clustering is identified, most Crato Formation Odonata fossils plot positively on coordinate two, whereas the majority of non-odonatan insect fossils plot negatively on this coordinate. This shows that the Crato Formation odonates are less complete compared to other insect groups from the same beds. Specimens preserved as isolated wings and those preserved with damaged or lost abdomens are identified as contributing to this difference. The causes of these differences are discussed, highlighting collection bias, predation, carcass scavenging, physical conditions of the palaeoenvironment, as well as the autecology of odonates.
A new species of Prosyntexis Sharkey, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Sepulcidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil confirmed by geometric morphometric analysis

Authors: JOUAULT CORENTIN , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: April 2021

Examination of new fossil specimens of Prosyntexis from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil reveled a new species namely Prosyntexis sennlaubi sp. nov. To ensure the validity of the new taxon we examined previously described and figured specimens but we also figured an additional specimen of Prosyntexis gouleti Sharkey, 1990. The new species can be differentiated from the other Prosyntexis species of the Crato formation by its larger size but also in having the cell 2R1 small, the cell 2M small and short, the cell 3R1 narrow and the vein a directed toward wing apex. We performed a Geometric Morphometric Analysis (GMA) to estimate the variation in the forewing venation of the two species from the Crato Formation and ensure our placement.
New fossil psocids from Cretaceous Siberian ambers (Psocodea: Trogiomorpha: Atropetae)

Authors: HAKIM MARINA , HUANG DI-YING , AZAR DANY
Published: April 2021

Empherium rasnitsyni gen. et sp. nov. (Empheriidae) and Eolepinotus zherikhini sp. nov. (Trogiidae), two atropetan trogiomorphan psocids from two Siberian ambers sites, are characterized, described and illustrated. Their taxonomical assignations are discussed. Lists of all fossil empheriids and trogiids are given.
A contribution to the knowledge of the prominent moths (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Notodontidae) of the Maputo Special Reserve with descriptions of four new species
Authors: LÁSZLÓ GYULA M. , SCHINTLMEISTER ALEXANDER , VETINA ALVARO A.
Published: April 2021

This paper provides the first comprehensive summary of the Notodontidae fauna of the Maputo Special Reserve in southern Mozambique listing 51 species. Four species are described as new to science (Thacona smithi László & Schintlmeister sp. n., Arciera meridiana László & Schintlmeister sp. n., Leptolepida krugeri László & Schintlmeister sp. n., Thaumetopoea latinivea László & Schintlmeister sp. n.) and 23 species are recorded as new country records. Several taxonomic changes are made: the genus Arciera Kiriakoff, 1962 is reinstated and a lectotype is designated for Turnaca grisea Holland, 1893; Thacona pinheyi is transferred to the genus Subscrancia Gaede, 1928 (Subscrancia pinheyi (Kiriakoff, 1965) comb. nov.); and Hoplitis gigas Distant, 1899 is reinstated from synonymy to species rank (Amyops gigas (Distant, 1899) stat. rev.). 106 colour and 40 black and white diagnostic figures are provided including the hitherto unknown females of Archistilbia mlawula Schintlmeister & Witt, 2015 and Eurystauridia iphis Kiriakoff, 1968.
Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheoidea) from off the northwestern coast of the Baja California Peninusla, Mexico
Authors: HENDRICKX MICHEL E.
Published: April 2021

Four species of squat lobsters were collected off the northwestern coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, during an exploratory survey of fishing resources. Janethogalathea californiensis, described from California was previously known from off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (two localities) and from the Gulf of California (three localities). Of the three species of Munida collected during the survey, M. tenella is recorded off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula for the first time. These are the fourth record of M. hispida and the second record of M. quadrispina in western Mexico.
A new species, Agapetus kaengkrungensis (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) from Kaeng Krung National Park, southern Thailand with the distribution map of the genus in Thailand
Authors: VADON SOLOMON BOGA , PONGTIPATI PATTIRA , LAUDEE PONGSAK
Published: April 2021

The male of a new species of caddisfly, Agapetus kaengkrungensis n. sp. (Glossosomatidae) is described and illustrated from Kaeng Krung National Park, Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand. Agapetus kaengkrungensis n. sp. is distinguished from other species by the characters of segment IX and inferior appendages. The distributions of the Agapetus spp. of Thailand are mapped and discussed.
Songs and morphology in grasshoppers of the Stenobothrus eurasius group (Orthoptera: Acrdidae: Gomphocerinae) from Russia and adjacent countries: clarifying of taxonomic status
Authors: TARASOVA TATIANA A. , SEVASTIANOV NIKITA S. , VEDENINA VARVARA YU.
Published: April 2021

On the basis of the song and morphological analyses, we revised the status of the subspecies Stenobothrus eurasius eurasius Zubowsky, 1898, and S. eurasius hyalosuperficies Vorontsovskii, 1927. The status of the subspecies S. eurasius hyalosuperficies Vor. has been changed to the species level. The most striking difference between S. eurasius and S. hyalosuperficies lies in the song parameters. The calling songs differ not only in temporal parameters but are also produced by different mechanisms. S. eurasius generates calling songs by common leg stridulation, whereas S. hyalosuperficies produces sound by wing clapping. The courtship songs of both species are complex (contain several elements) and very different in temporal structure. The morphological differences between the two species are not as striking as the differences in bioacoustics: we found the only differences in the hind wing venation. At the same time, we suggest these differences to be important since they might be due to different mechanisms of sound production. We revised the ranges of the two species on the territory of Ukraine, Russia and Kazakhstan. We also reviewed the type localities of S. eurasius Zub. and designated lectotype and paralectotype of this species.
Marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) found in empty barnacle shells, including a new species, from southern Mexican Pacific
Authors: RAMOS-SÁNCHEZ MARIELA , CARRASCO-RODRÍGUEZ DAHANI S. , GARCÍA-MADRIGAL MARÍA DEL SOCORRO , BASTIDA-ZAVALA J. ROLANDO
Published: April 2021

The association of some species of polyclads of the suborder Acotylea with barnacles has been recorded worldwide. In contrast, no species of the suborder Cotylea has been recorded present in these crustaceans. The aim of this work is to describe the species of polyclads found in the empty barnacle shells on the coasts of Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific. Thirty polyclad specimens in the barnacles’ empty shells were collected, corresponding to two species. A new species of acotylean, Stylochus mistus sp. nov., was found in Paraconcavus pacificus; and the cotylean Prosthiostomum cf. parvicelis in Megabalanus peninsularis. Both species of polyclads are considered to use the shells of Megabalanus and Paraconcavus as an occasional shelter site; however, it is not ruled out that these species feed on these barnacles, as polyclads normally prey on the communities they inhabit. This work records for the first time the presence of a cotylean polyclad in barnacles, as well as the first record of the polyclad genera Stylochus and Prosthiostomum from the southern Mexican Pacific.
Nine new species of Cnodalonini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Hainan Island, with additional records of other Tenebrionidae
Authors: ANDO KIYOSHI , YUAN CAI-XIA
Published: April 2021

Seven known species of Tenebrionidae are recorded from Hainan Island, of which six species are recorded from this island for the first time. Also nine new species of Cnodalonini are described from Hainan Is. under the names of Androsus pullus sp. n., Euhemicera hirtipes sp. n., Gnesis amabilis sp. n., Hemicera (Hemicera) viridula sp. n., Plamius laoshei sp. n., Pseudonautes fulgidicollis sp. n., Taichius caeruleopunctatus sp. n., Tetragonomenes sylvestris sp. n. and Tetraphyllus hlaicolus sp. n.
The Australian endemic genera Mesystoechus Waterhouse, 1878, Amblochilus Blanchard, 1851, and Bilobatus Machatschke, 1970 revisited (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)
Authors: ALLSOPP PETER G.
Published: April 2021

The endemic Australian ruteline genus Mesystoechus Waterhouse, 1878 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini: Schizognathina) is revised and compared with Amblochilus Blanchard, 1851 and Bilobatus Machatschke, 1970. Mesystoechus lithgowae new species is described from inland southeastern Queensland. Diagnostic characters and information on the distribution, natural history, and ecology of the two previously described species (M. ciliatus Waterhouse, 1878 and M. costatus Carne, 1958) and a description of the female of M. costatus are given. A key to males of the genus is proposed. Lectotypes are designated for Amblochilus bicolor Blanchard, 1851, Mesystoechus ciliatus Waterhouse, 1878, Homotropus luridipennis Waterhouse, 1878 (now Bilobatus luridipennis), and Homotropus testaceipennis Ohaus, 1901 (now Bilobatus testaceipennis), and their distributions are clarified.
Six new species of Archimonocelididae Meixner, 1938 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata) from the Pacific, with proposal of a new genus
Authors: CURINI-GALLETTI MARCO , SCHOCKAERT ERNEST R.
Published: April 2021

The genus Tajikacelis n. gen. is introduced for species of Archimonocelididae (Proseriata) characterized by the lack of atrial spines in the copulatory organ and by the opening of the seminal vesicles into the prostate vesicle at its ventral side. Six new species from the Pacific Ocean are ascribed to the new genus; they may be distinguished by features of the genital systems and the morphology of their copulatory stylets. T. tajikai n. sp. (type species of the new genus) and T. macrostomoides n. sp., both from eastern Australia, have a long tubular stylet. In T. macrostomoides n. sp., the stylet is more curved, bending to 180°, and has a narrower basis compared to that of T. tajikai n. sp. In T. artoisi n. sp., from Hawai’i, and T. nematoplanoides n. sp., from South Australia, the stylet is shaped as a truncated cone, with a broad, oblique proximal opening and a very short tubular part. T. artoisi n. sp. is distinct for the much stronger thickening of the dorsal side of the stylet, and for the different shape of the proximal opening. In T. acuta n. sp. and T. truncata n. sp., from West Panama, the tubular stylet is comparatively short; the two species differ for the shape of the distal opening, produced into a sharp spike in T. acuta n. sp., and square-ended in T. truncata n. sp.. Two species previously described in the genus Archimonocelis are transferred to Tajikacelis n. gen.: T. itoi Tajika, 1981 from Japan and T. keke Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1989 from Sulawesi (Indonesia). The taxonomic position of the problematic Archimonocelis glabrodorsata Martens and Curini-Galletti, 1989 from the Caribbean is discussed. The relationships of and within the genus Tajikacelis n. gen. are discussed and compared with recent results based on DNA studies.
2. Clergymen Made Scarce
Authors: Yeandle David
Published: April 2021

This chapter investigates Hunt’s 48-page booklet by that name, the second, more extensive, edition of which he published in 1867, documenting his experiences as a curate from 1855 to 1866.
HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among social work students: A comparative study
Authors: Labra Oscar , Ependa Augustin , Chamblas Isis , Gingras-Lacroix Gabriel , Antoniadis André , Biston Cristine , Mukeshimana Marthe , Giroux Marie-Ève
Published: April 2021

The article describes a quantitative cross-sectional study of a sample of 674 university students enrolled in social work programmes in four countries: Belgium, Canada, Chile and Switzerland. The study aimed to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among participants. The median HIV-KQ-18 score for the sample was 14.0, which Carey and Schroder classify as indicating borderline low levels of knowledge. Based on the results, the authors argue that social work education and training programmes should more comprehensively address HIV/AIDS within their curricula to better equip future social workers to challenge stigmatising and exclusionary practices rooted in long-standing lack of knowledge and erroneous beliefs about the disease.
Massed Prolonged Exposure for PTSD in Two Firefighters: Preliminary Case Study Findings
Authors: Zwetzig Sarah E. , Koch Lauren M. , Blount Tabatha H. , Graham Melissa M. , Peterson Alan L.
Published: April 2021

Military service members and first responders experience significant trauma exposure in the line of duty. Service members who transition to first-responder positions may be at an increased risk for developing PTSD due to the cumulative effects of trauma exposure. A common criticism of the standard delivery methods for most evidence-based treatments for PTSD is high dropout rates. Massed-prolonged exposure (Massed-PE) has been demonstrated to be efficacious and reduces dropouts by about 50%. This case study is the first of its kind to specifically assess the clinical utility of using Massed-PE to treat PTSD in two firefighters. Results from this case study indicate that both firefighters had significant reductions in their PTSD symptoms. Massed-PE may be an effective approach to treating PTSD in firefighters and may help overcome some of the barriers of conventional treatment delivery. Additional controlled research is needed to further evaluate this promising treatment approach in firefighter populations.
FK506-binding protein 5 promotes the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Gao Zhenya , Yu Fang , Jia Huanxia , Ye Zhuo , Yao Shijie
Published: April 2021

Objective

To detect the expression of FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) in human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues, and explore its possible role in the progression of PTC.

Methods

FKBP5 expression levels were assessed in 115 PTC tissues and corresponding normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. We also examined the correlations between FKBP5 expression and clinicopathological factors and survival in 75 patients with PTC. The effects of FKBP5 on the proliferation and apoptosis of PTC cells were detected by colony-formation, MTT, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. We further investigated the effects of FKBP5 on tumor growth in mice.

Results

We revealed high expression levels of FKBP5 in human PTC tissues compared with normal tissues. Furthermore, high FKBP5 expression was associated with an increased incidence of intraglandular dissemination, and lower overall and progression-free survival. FKBP5 depletion remarkably suppressed the proliferation and induced apoptosis of PTC cells in vitro. FKBP5 further contributed to the growth of PTC tumors in mice.

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrated the potential involvement of FKBP5 in the progression of PTC, and confirmed FKBP5 as a novel therapeutic target for PTC treatment.
The Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory–Revised (K-MPAI-R): Validation of the French version
Authors: Antonini Philippe Roberta , Kosirnik Céline , Klumb Petra L , Guyon Amélie , Gomez Patrick , Crettaz von Roten Fabienne
Published: April 2021

This study aimed at validating the psychometric properties of the French version of the 40-item revised Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI-R). The certified French version was used and answered by 211 student musicians (aged 16–65 years, SD = 9.58) from different music schools and music colleges in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. The K-MPAI-R is based on Barlow’s model of anxiety and was designed to measure performance anxiety in musicians. Through descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis, the correlation matrix and the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were performed. The confirmatory factor analysis showed evidence of validity (Cronbach’s α, Factor G = .91) with internal reliabilities going from α = .78 to .86. Nine items present low factor loading (<.30). Given the adequate psychometric properties of the French K-MPAI-R, this instrument is valid and reliable for the measurement of performance anxiety among French-speaking musicians. When accompanying musicians in mental preparation (e.g., psychologists, mental trainer), the total score should be taken as a general information, but factors and their associated lowest items could be interesting to work on pertinent aspects with the musician.
Detection of parking slots occupation by temporal difference of inverse perspective mapping from vehicle-borne monocular camera
Authors: Hu Zhaozheng , Xiao Hanbiao , Zhou Zhe , Li Na
Published: April 2021

Detection of parking slots occupation is a crucial task for parking assistance, automatic parking, and autonomous driving systems. This paper proposed a novel method, called Temporal Difference of Inverse Perspective Mapping Difference (TD-IPM), without explicit 3D reconstruction or objection detection. In this method, temporal images from monocular camera are first inverse perspective mapped (IPM) onto the ground plane based on camera calibration results. Second, we proposed an algorithm, called Block Consensus based on Rotation Invariance Phase-Only Correlation (BC-RIPOC), for fast and robust motion estimation. From the estimated motion, we can align these two IPM images and generate IPM difference map. Third, the IPM difference map is segmented and filtered to generate a binary map that can distinguish objects on the ground plane or not for occupation detection. The obstacle is readily localized from the difference map as well. The proposed TD-IPM method has been validated in both underground and outdoor parking lots. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed TD-IPM method can successfully detect various occupation objects, such as vehicles, cones, lockers, and others, with 97.9% average detection accuracy and speed of 17.5 frames per second (fps). The proposed method suggests an effective and low-cost solution to intelligent parking systems.
Reinventing the Universal Structure of Human Values: Development of a New Holistic Values Scale to Measure Indian Values
Authors: Sharma Rajat
Published: April 2021

This article investigates the universal values scale, Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) for its applicability to measure cultural context-specific values. The study establishes a need to construct a new scale by identifying and incorporating Indian culture-specific values in SVS. Deriving data using self-assessment questionnaires from 709 respondents in 2 studies and analysing them using principal component analysis and structural equation modelling, the article reconceptualizes Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) and the 10 motivational value factors and develops a new 76-item Holistic Values Scale (HVS) to measure Indian values using well-established scale development methods. The article further presents the research and policy implications and future research areas in this domain.