bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maturity in Automated Driving on Public Roads: A Review of the Six-Year Autonomous Vehicle Tester Program
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Zhang Yunlong
Published: June 2022

With support from United States Department of Transportation and state policies and regulations, in recent years manufacturers have initiated automated vehicle (AV) testing on public roads. Vehicle autonomy has grown from simulations and controlled environments to real-world driving environments with normal traffic. California is one of the states with an autonomous vehicle tester (AVT) program. It was established as early as 2014 for authorized manufacturers to test their AVs on public roads. This review examines permit holder information, autonomous mileage reports, autonomous vehicle disengagement reports, and autonomous vehicle collision reports over a six-year period. In addition to reviewing operating experience and the growth of AV testing, this study conducted in-depth analysis to evaluate maturity in automated driving technology and reported disengagement causes. It shows that a state-run AVT program boosts maturity in automated driving technology. At the same time, by participating in the AVT program, AV manufacturers showed a trend toward improvement in their AV technologies (e.g., an 8% fall in disengagements caused by hardware and software discrepancies and a 12% fall in those caused by perception discrepancies). States are encouraged to initiate or continue their AVT programs for the benefit of autonomous driving on public roads.
Evaluating the Effects of Disruptions on the Behavior of Travelers in a Multimodal Network Utilizing Agent-Based Simulation
Authors: Siegrist Mahsa Rahimi , Büchel Beda , Corman Francesco
Published: June 2022

Disruptions in transport networks have major adverse implications on passengers and service providers, as they can yield delays, decreased productivity, and inconvenience for travelers. Previous studies have considered the vulnerability of connections and infrastructures. Although such studies provide insights on general disruption management approaches, there is a lack of knowledge concerning integrated multi-level traffic management and its effects on travelers to reduce the impacts of disruptions. Integrated multi-level traffic management refers to coordinating individual network operations to create an interconnected mobility management system. This study sought to assess the management of road disruption utilizing multi-level disruption management. Multi-level disruption management is proposed that integrates an information dissemination strategy and allows changing the functionality of parking spaces to traffic lanes to facilitate the movement of travelers. The capacity/frequency of public transport vehicles is also increased to help travelers reach their destinations by changing to public transport mode. To achieve such goals, an extension to an agent-based simulation was developed. Numerical experiments are applied to a part of the city of Zürich. The results indicate that the proposed approach, multi-level disruption management in a multimodal network, can shorten travelers’ delays, especially comparing the effects of disruption management. Results show heterogeneity of behavior among agents. Adding lanes as a disruption management enhances the usage of car-mode by all agents, whereas it reduces the usage of car-mode by the directly affected agents, those who cannot pass the disrupted roads. In the presence of full information and increased capacity of transit vehicles, delay is reduced by 47%.
Supporting Canadian Nursing Students to Write the NCLEX-RN Exam: A Three-Phased Mixed Methods Descriptive Design
Authors: Gaudet Julie , Thibeault Catherine , Betts Lorraine , Mastrilli Paula , Saeed Dalia , Ilyin Nicole
Published: June 2022

Background

In 2015, the College of Nurses of Ontario, replaced the Canadian Registered Nurse Examination with the NCLEX-RN exam as entry-to-practice. Faculty in a college-university partnership searched for products to provide nursing students with focused practice in writing exams modelled on the Canadian NCLEX-RN test plan.

Purpose

The aim of this three-phased evaluation study was to test and validate NCLEX-RN exam preparation materials newly developed for the Canadian context.

Methods

A mixed methods descriptive design was used to capture subjective perspectives and objective measures. After ethical approval was obtained, 13 students assessed the e-learning platform's usability. Eight faculty/clinical experts assessed the content validity of materials using a content validity index (CVI) at both item (I-CVI), and scale (S-CVI) levels. Lastly, 72 completed tests served as the basis for assessing psychometric properties of selected test items.

Results

Materials were assessed as useful and easy to use and navigate. I-CVIs ranged between 0.5 to 1.0 with none falling below 0.5 while S-CVIs were above the standard for acceptability of greater than 0.8 with none falling below 0.9. Overall test reliability measured by the Kuder-Richardson formula was 0.73. Many items assessed for difficulty (64%) showed a proportion of correct responses within desired ranges, and most point-biserial indices ranged from fair to very good.

Conclusion

Strong evidence supported the usability and content validity of the materials assessed. Item difficulty and discrimination analyses were within acceptable ranges. Suggestions for improvements were offered. Predictive analysis should form the basis of future research in this area.
Caregiver Perception of SUD Treatment Productiveness
Authors: D’Aniello Carissa , Tambling Rachel
Published: June 2022

When a loved one experiences a substance use disorder (SUD) often, a family member may assume a non-normative and intense caregiving role. Caregivers often experience strain as a result of the care they provide to their loved one experiencing an SUD. While SUDs are conceptualized as a family disease, little is known about caregiver perception of treatment productiveness, or usefulness of the treatment. To begin to address caregiver perception of treatment, we surveyed a national sample of 141 caregivers of a loved one with an SUD to investigate the aspects of family treatment that they felt were most productive in their loved one's recovery using moderation analyses.
Inviting the Spectral in Photos: A Poststructuralist Engagement With Visual Data in Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Tseliou Eleftheria , Benozzo Angelo
Published: June 2022

In this article, we share some poststructuralist ideas for interacting and intra-acting with photos as visual data in qualitative inquiry. The discussion of photos as visual data has mostly drawn from representational perspectives. Furthermore, poststructuralist theorizing has been mostly utilized to discuss discursive data. Drawing from poststructuralist ideas, like Derrida’s discussion of the absent-presence, we offer a poststructuralist glance at photos as spectral visual data. We view such approach as liberating of visual texts and as denotative of the unfinalizability of meaning. To illustrate our point, we engage into a dual mode of narrative, of both words and images, that is photos. Following a brief overview situating the use of photos as data within a representational framework in qualitative research, we illustrate our poststructuralist glance inspired by a Derridean framework. As an epilogue, we share reflections in the form of questions aiming to challenge our narrative in this article.
Inquiry as Unthought: The Emergence of Thinking Otherwise
Authors: Mazzei Lisa A. , Jackson Alecia Y.
Published: June 2022

This article is derived from a webinar series conversation titled “Post Philosophies and the Doing of Inquiry,” co-hosted by Candace R. Kuby and Viv Bozalek. This article is based on a conversation that the authors had, facilitated by Candace Kuby, on November 19, 2020.
Cemented acetabular components combined with trabecular metal augments provide excellent long-term survivorship for severe acetabular bone loss
Authors: Garala Kanai , Remtulla Mohammed abbas , Verma Raghav , Lawrence Trevor
Published: June 2022

Background:

Acetabular bone loss is a challenging problem for revision hip surgeons. This study aimed to explore long-term outcomes of patients who have undergone cemented acetabular revision in conjunction with trabecular metal augmentation and impaction bone grafting in cases with significant segmental bone loss.

Methods:

All patients who underwent cemented acetabular revision requiring impaction bone grafting and trabecular metal augments with a minimum Paprosky score of 2B and minimum follow up of 5 years were identified. Pre- and postoperative WOMAC scores were compared. An assessment of pre- and postoperative hip centre of rotation was performed and compared to native centre of rotation. Immediate postoperative centre of rotation was then compared to radiographs at latest follow up to measure for migration of acetabular components.

Results:

42 patients were identified. Mean age was 53 years old with 7 males and 35 female patients. Mean follow-up was 9.5 years. Preoperative WOMAC score was 30 and there was an increase to 90 ( p < 0.01) at latest follow-up. No hips were revised for loosening or infection. There was a mean improvement in centre of rotation of 6.80 mm (CI, 4.57–9.03 mm) which was significant ( p < 0.00002). There was no change of position of centre of rotation from immediate postoperative radiographs and those at latest follow up ( p = 0.3).

Conclusions:

Cemented acetabular components work well in conjunction with trabecular metal augments and impacted bone grafts in reconstructing complex acetabular defects. Together they provide immediate and long-term component stability, with excellent long-term clinical and radiological outcomes.
Live play, live sex: The parallel labors of video game live streaming and webcam modeling
Authors: Ruberg Bo
Published: June 2022

This article looks at two forms of online self-broadcasting: webcam modeling and video game live streaming. Though these practices have much in common, the parallels between them have gone largely unacknowledged, in part because the discriminatory cultures surrounding video games have rendered connections between streaming and sex work unspeakable. Drawing from an analysis of “tips and tricks” YouTube videos created by women webcam models and men live streamers, this research maps the relationship between camming and streaming as forms of labor. It illustrates the many overlaps between the two practices, challenging notions that camming is inferior to or even separate from streaming.
Telling stories from the New Silk Road: A news discourse analysis of BBC’s podcast episodes on the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Apirakvanalee Laksup , Zhai Yida
Published: June 2022

Since its announcement in 2013, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has drawn considerable international attention and remarkably influenced the global economy and politics. By employing the methodological framework of the Discursive News Values Analysis (DNVA), this study scrutinizes how the BBC World Service portrays the BRI. Using its podcast “Stories from the New Silk Road,” we analyzed its coverage of how ordinary people see the BRI. Through different episode elements, such as interviewees, presenters, images, and titles, the findings reveal how news values are shaped. The four episodes of the podcast share, with slight differences, a similar pattern in constructed news values as seen in the narratives of the interviewees and presenters. Economic and environmental issues are frequently discussed in the narratives of the BRI in the podcast episodes. While the news value of Positivity is prevalent in the episodes, it has been observed that the construction of Negativity is mostly in the foreground.
Intimate Partner Violence and Child and Adolescent Cognitive Development: A Systematic Review
Authors: Savopoulos Priscilla , Bryant Christina , Fogarty Alison , Conway Laura J. , Fitzpatrick Kelly M. , Condron Patrick , Giallo Rebecca
Published: June 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health and human rights issue, with millions of children affected worldwide. While several reviews have explored the emotional-behavioural functioning of children exposed to IPV, this review aimed to examine the relationship between children's exposure to IPV and their cognitive development, and to identify associated factors such as aspects of parenting. The databases MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, CINAHL, and ERIC were searched using key words related to IPV, such as domestic, family, partner, interparental, spousal, marital, violence, abuse, aggression, assault, combined with key words related to cognitive functioning, such as neuropsychological, executive, intelligence, learning, memory, and key words related to children and adolescents. A total of 38 studies met the criteria for review which included reporting an estimate of the relationship between IPV and cognition using direct assessments of cognitive functioning. Approximately 70% of studies found a relationship between IPV and poorer cognitive functioning, with general IQ the most frequently assessed domain of functioning, followed by verbal abilities and academic skills. Most studies assessed skills during early childhood, with fewer studies assessing children during middle childhood and adolescence. Results were consistent across cognitive domains and developmental stages. In terms of factors associated with IPV and cognition, a range of demographic, individual, and family factors were included, with several studies exploring mediating and moderating mechanisms. The findings suggest that IPV in childhood is associated with poorer cognitive skills across a range of domains. Implications for policy, practice and research are discussed.
Development of a novel purification protocol to isolate and identify brain microglia
Authors: Doughty Deanna , Rajpurohit Surendra K , Trang Amy , Alptekin Ahmet , Korkaya Ahmet K , Achyut Bhagelu R , Arbab Ali S , Bradford Jennifer W
Published: June 2022

Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophage of the central nervous system (CNS), play a paramount role in brain health and disease status. Here, we describe a novel method for enriching and isolating primary microglia from mouse brain tissue. This isolation method yields a high number of cells from either young or adult mice, and importantly, maintains the health and function of the cells for subsequent cell culture. We also describe flow cytometry methods using novel cell surface markers, including CX3CR1 and Siglec-H, to specifically label microglia while avoiding other bone marrow and/or non-CNS derived macrophages and monocytes, which has been historically difficult to achieve. As microglia are crucial in multiple aspects of biology, such as in normal brain development/function, immune response, neurodegeneration, and cancer, this isolation technique could greatly benefit a wide range of studies in human CNS biology, health, and disease mechanisms. Being able to isolate a largely pure population of microglia could also allow for a more comprehensive understanding of their functional dynamics and role in disease mechanisms, advancement of potential biomarkers, and development of novel therapeutic targets to improve prognosis and quality of life in multiple diseases.
The β-catenin/CBP signaling axis participates in sepsis-induced inflammatory lung injury
Authors: Cheng Xia , Liu Dandan , Ren Xinxin , Nie You , Zhao Yibing , Chen Ruyu , Wang Hongwei
Published: June 2022

Sepsis-induced inflammatory lung injury is a key factor causing failure of the lungs and other organs, as well as death, during sepsis. In the present study, a caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model was established to investigate the effect of β-catenin on sepsis-induced inflammatory lung injury and the corresponding underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups, namely, the sham, CLP, β-catenin knockout (KO) + CLP, XAV-939 + CLP, and ICG-001 + CLP groups; the XAV-939 + CLP and ICG-001 + CLP groups were separately subjected to intraperitoneal injections of the β-catenin inhibitors XAV-939 and ICG-001 for 1 week preoperatively and 2 days postoperatively, respectively. Forty-eight hours after CLP, we measured β-catenin expression in lung tissues and evaluated mouse mortality, histopathological characteristics of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained lung tissues, serum cytokine (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-10, and IL-1β) levels, lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the number of apoptotic cells in the lung tissues. Our results indicated that both the inhibition of β-catenin expression and blockage of β-catenin/CREB-binding protein (CBP) interactions by ICG-001 effectively decreased mouse mortality, alleviated pathological lung injury, and reduced the serum TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1β levels, in addition to reducing the lung MPO activity and the number of apoptotic cells in lung tissues of the sepsis model mice. Therefore, it can be deduced that the β-catenin/CBP signaling axis participates in regulating sepsis-induced inflammatory lung injury.
Parent Perspectives for Type B Ulnar Polydactyly Management
Authors: Goebel Gunnar J. , Loewenstein Scott N. , Adkinson Joshua M.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Type B ulnar polydactyly is one of the most commonly encountered congenital hand differences and can be treated with ligation or excision. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors families consider in selecting treatment for their child with type B ulnar polydactyly.

Methods:

We reviewed treatment outcomes and administered a survey by telephone to parents of children with type B ulnar polydactyly treated at a pediatric hospital between 2015 and 2020. We assessed satisfaction, reasons for choosing treatment, and post-management complications.

Results:

The families of 70 of the 156 consecutive treated patients were successfully contacted and agreed to participate (45% response rate). The mean follow-up was 27 months. Twenty-eight chose in-office suture ligation and 42 chose excision. Rapid treatment was prioritized by those who opted for in-office ligation ( P = .044). The complication rate for suture ligation was significantly higher than excision ( P < .0001), with the most common complication being a residual remnant (nubbin or neuroma stump) (64%). Respondents with residual remnant reported significantly less satisfaction with the appearance of their child’s hand ( P < .001) and with treatment outcomes ( P = .028) compared to those without residual remnants.

Conclusions:

Factors considered by parents in choosing type of treatment for type B ulnar polydactyly vary and may be significantly influenced by the surgeon. Although the majority of parents remain extremely satisfied with their child’s outcome regardless of management type, time to treatment plays a determinative role in parents opting for ligation rather than excision in the operating room.
Dose-Response Effects of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation on Blood Parameters in Industrial Irradiation Workers
Authors: Guo Jia-jia , Liu Ning , Ma Zheng , Gong Zi-jun , Liang Yue-lang , Cheng Qi , Zhong Xin-guang , Yao Zhen-jiang
Published: June 2022

While previous studies have focused on the health effects of occupational exposure of radiations on medical radiation workers, few have analyzed the dose-response relationship between low radiation doses and changes in blood parameters. Even fewer studies have been conducted on industrial worker populations. Using a prospective cohort study design, this study collected health examination reports and personal dose monitoring data from 705 industrial irradiation workers who underwent regular physical examinations at Dongguan Sixth People’s Hospital. The dose-response effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on blood parameters were assessed using a generalized linear model and restricted cubic spline model. Red blood cell counts decreased then increased, before decreasing again with increasing ionizing radiation. This was in contrast to the curve of the total platelet count after irradiation. Additionally, a radiation dose of 2.904 mSv was the turning point for the nonlinear curve of hemoglobin count changes. In conclusion, long-term, low-dose ionizing radiation affects blood cell levels in industrial irradiation workers. There is a nonlinear dose-response relationship between red blood cell, platelet, and hemoglobin counts and the cumulative radiation dose. These findings should alert radiation workers to seek preventive medical treatment before the occurrence of any serious hematopoietic disease.
Developing coach education to enhance rugby coaches’ understanding and application of game centred approaches—The importance of questioning
Authors: Pritchard Rhys , Morgan Kevin
Published: June 2022

Although there seems a willingness to adopt pedagogical approaches that address the complexity of team games, there is little guidance as to how. Transforming coaching practice does not happen overnight, therefore developing non-linear approaches to coaching assumes the development of new knowledge. These approaches to coaching privilege social interaction and the use of questioning in the coaching process, which is far removed from the traditional approach to coaching. Greater exploration is needed as to how to support coaches in developing their application of non-linear coaching practices to support transformative coach learning. Research identified the challenges coaches face when trying to incorporate questioning into their practice. Recognising the pedagogical nature of coaching, this paper draws on Lev Vygotsky to support coaches in improving their coaching with game-centred approaches and the use of questioning. The study aim was to improve my practice as a coach educator to enhance rugby coaches’ understanding and application of the game-centred approach. It involved a group of six student rugby coaches. Using action research, coaches delivered an 11-week rugby programme to a class of year 5 children. Findings emphasised the importance of social interaction, privileging the use of language in developing coach autonomy. Providing time to build a collaborative relationship between the educator and coach assisted coach development. The major contribution this paper makes is to illustrate the value of effective questioning. The importance of questioning cannot be understated in coaching and coach education, with it leading to social interaction and facilitating opportunities to develop co-construction of new knowledge.
Characterizing the KRAS G12C mutation in metastatic colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort and assessment of expression differences in The Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Li Meredith , Keshavarz-Rahaghi Faeze , Ladua Gale , Swanson Lucas , Speers Caroline , Renouf Daniel J. , Lim Howard J. , Davies Janine M. , Gill Sharlene , Stuart Heather C. , Yip Stephen , Loree Jonathan M.
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), RAS mutations impart inferior survival and resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies. KRAS G12C inhibitors have been developed and we evaluated how KRAS G12C differs from other RAS mutations.

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective review evaluated patients in British Columbia, Canada with mCRC and RAS testing performed between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018. Sequencing information from The Cancer Genome Analysis (TCGA) was also obtained and analysed.

Results:

Age at diagnosis, sex, anatomic location and stage at diagnosis did not differ by RAS mutation type. Progression free survival on first chemotherapy for patients with metastatic KRAS G12C tumours was 11 months. Median overall survival did not differ by RAS mutation type but was worse for both KRAS G12C (27 months) and non-G12C alterations (29 months) than wildtype (43 months) ( p = 0.01). Within the TCGA, there was no differential gene expression between KRAS G12C and other RAS mutations. However, eight genes with copy number differences between the G12C and non-G12C RAS mutant groups were identified after adjusting for multiple comparisons ( FITM2, PDRG1, POFUT1, ERGIC3, EDEM2, PIGU, MANBAL and PXMP4). We also noted that other RAS mutant mCRCs had a higher tumour mutation burden than those with KRAS G12C mutations (median 3.05 vs 2.06 muts/Mb, p = 4.2e–3) and that KRAS G12C/other RAS had differing consensus molecular subtype distribution from wildtype colorectal cancer (CRC) ( p < 0.0001) but not each other ( p = 0.14).

Conclusion:

KRAS G12C tumours have similar clinical presentation to other RAS mutant tumours, however, are associated with differential copy number alterations.
Costs of acute hospitalisation for stroke and transient ischaemic attack in Australia
Authors: Kim Joosup , Grimley Rohan , Kilkenny Monique F , Cadigan Greg , Johnston Trisha , Andrew Nadine E , Thrift Amanda G , Lannin Natasha A , Sundararajan Vijaya , Cadilhac Dominique A
Published: June 2022

Background

Stroke is a high-cost condition. Detailed patient-level assessments of the costs of care received and outcomes achieved provide useful information for organisation and optimisation of the health system.

Objectives

To describe the costs of hospital care for stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and investigate factors associated with costs.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study using data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (AuSCR) collected between 2009 and 2013 linked to hospital administrative data and clinical costing data in Queensland. Clinical costing data include standardised assignment of costs from hospitals that contribute to the National Hospital Costing programme. Patient-level costs for each hospital admission were described according to the demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics of patients. Multivariable median regression with clustering by hospital was used to determine factors associated with greater costs.

Results

Among 22 hospitals, clinical costing data were available for 3909 of 5522 patient admissions in the AuSCR (71%). Compared to those without clinical costing data, patients with clinical costing data were more often aged <65 years (30% with cost data vs 24% without cost data, p < 0.001) and male (56% with cost data vs 49% without cost data, p < 0.001). Median cost of an acute episode was $7945 (interquartile range $4176 to $14970) and the median length of stay was 5 days (interquartile range 2 to 10 days). The most expensive cost buckets were related to medical ( n = 3897, median cost $1577), nursing ( n = 3908, median cost $2478) and critical care ( n = 434, median cost $3064). Factors associated with greater total costs were a diagnosis of intracerebral haemorrhage, greater socioeconomic position, in-hospital stroke and prior history of stroke.

Conclusion

Medical and nursing costs were incurred by most patients admitted with stroke or TIA, and were relatively more expensive on average than other cost buckets such as imaging and allied health.

Implications

Scaling this data linkage to national data collections may provide valuable insights into activity-based funding at public hospitals. Regular report of these costs should be encouraged to optimise economic evaluations.
Development of graphitic carbon nitride supported novel nanocomposites for green and efficient oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil
Authors: Jabar Ghulam , Saeed Muhammad , Khoso Sadaf , Zafar Anham , Saggu Javed Iqbal , Waseem Amir
Published: June 2022

The catalysts utilized for oxidative desulfurization have acquired significant attention and ability to improve the quality of the fuel oil by removing sulfur. In this work, the catalysts used for oxidative desulfurization include CoWO4 and Bi2WO6 with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as support were synthesized by the one-pot hydrothermal method. Graphitic carbon nitride was obtained by thermal polycondensation of melamine at 550°C for 5 h. These catalysts were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of the support and their structure, morphology, and properties were determined by different characterization techniques (Powder X-Ray Diffractometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Specific Surface Area (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (SBET)). The parameters that affect the efficiency of the desulfurization process such as catalyst amount, amount of oxidizing agent, and reaction temperature have been optimized thoroughly. The oxidative desulfurization reaction was studied in terms of kinetics which shows that reaction is pseudo first order. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the reaction is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The results determined that the catalytic efficiency for the removal of sulfur (as dibenzothiophene) is more than 90% in the presence of support (g-C3N4) to obtain sulfur free fuel.
Platform revolution in the database management system industry: Evolution of SAP’s business model
Authors: Balodi Krishna Chandra , Jain Rajesh , Kumar T B Kiran , Banerjee Debarati
Published: June 2022

This case discusses how database management systems (DBMSs) have evolved and become more sophisticated, distributed, and specialized, focusing on SAP’s transition from a traditional pipeline to a platform company. When DBMS was first introduced to the market, firms expected DBMS to store a large set of data in an organized way and extract the stored data consistently and efficiently. With the advent of technologies in the software, hardware, and networking domains, the DBMS industry has seen dramatic changes in the notions of product, customer, market, competitor, value chain partners, business model, and the industry itself. While SAP has dominated the enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution market since 1972, Oracle is closing the gap from 2018 onwards. The loss of SAP’s leadership position in some of the recent customer perception surveys may eventually lead to the loss of its market leadership position. How can SAP retain its market leadership while simultaneously regaining its leadership position in customer perception surveys form the core of this case? The case ends with questions about strategic choices that can help SAP keep up its leadership position and chart out future growth trajectory.
Environmental Crisis as an Enabler of Entrepreneurial Activities in a Non-Profit Organization: A Case Study on Kendriya Vidyalaya
Authors: Pal Sritama , Aljanova Nurlykhan , Biswas Samir
Published: June 2022

Although extant research shows that the environmental crisis enables entrepreneurial activities in for-profit firms, the relationship between the environmental crisis and entrepreneurial activities in the non-profit public sector organizations could not draw sufficient attention from the researchers. These organizations enjoy limited flexibility within a bounded framework under government rules and protocols. Hence, the scope of implementing creative and innovative measures is restricted by those guidelines. It leads to a pertinent question about the possibility of entrepreneurial activities in public sector organizations. To explore the sources of such activities, we conduct participatory case research at a government school—Kendriya Vidyalaya Ordnance Factory Dum Dum, located in Kolkata, India. The usual teaching-learning process in the school has stopped at the onset of the COVID pandemic. The school has undertaken various novel and innovative steps within a guided framework mandated by the government to ensure continuity of education. Our reflexive process study uncovers that the strict rules, usually followed in regular times, are relaxed in the event of an environmental crisis, and the organizations are provided flexibility to adopt various unique measures considering the broader objective. The crisis enacts sensemaking that causes the organizations to implement entrepreneurial activities beyond the pre-defined path. In this process, the organizations can unearth hidden potentials and strengthen their usual operation in various dimensions, making the delivery mechanism more focused and effective. The theorization contributes to the extant literature by proposing a process model in which environmental crisis acts as an enabler to transform the existing mode of operation through entrepreneurial activities. It also shows the possibility of such activities in a restricted setup during a crisis.
Conventions for unconventional language: Revisiting a framework for spoken language features in autism
Authors: Luyster Rhiannon J , Zane Emily , Wisman Weil Lisa
Published: June 2022

Background and aims

Autism has long been characterized by a range of spoken language features, including, for instance: the tendency to repeat words and phrases, the use of invented words, and “pedantic” language. These observations have been the source of considerable disagreement in both the theoretical and applied realms. Despite persistent professional interest in these language features, there has been little consensus around terminology, definitions and developmental/clinical interpretation.

Main contribution

This review paper updates and expands an existing framework for unconventional language in autism to include a broader range of non-generative (echolalia and self-repetition) and generative (idiosyncratic phrases, neologisms and pedantic language) features often observed in the language of individuals on the autism spectrum. For each aspect of the framework, we review the various definitions and measurement approaches, and we provide a summary of individual and contextual correlates. We also propose some transitional language features that may bridge non-generative and generative domains (e.g., mitigated echolalia and gestalt language).

Conclusions

This updated framework offers a unified taxonomy and nomenclature that can facilitate further investigation and interpretation of unconventional language in autism.

Implications

There are important implications of this work for our understanding of the complex interplay between autism and language development. Equally important are the clinical ramifications that will guide evidence-based practice in assessment and intervention for individuals on the autism spectrum.
Effects of magnesium borate on the mechanical performance, thermal and chemical degradation of polyethylene terephthalate packaging material
Authors: Demirel Bilal , Kılıç Esra , Yaraş Ali , Akkurt Fatih , Daver Fugen , Gezer Derya U
Published: June 2022

This study is on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) compounded with magnesium borate (MB) (Mg2B2O5) powders between (0.2–3.2% by weight) which were synthesized via sol-gel technique at laboratory-scale. The MB/PET composites were characterized in terms of chemical, thermal degradation, and mechanical properties. Their phases and chemical structures were identified by X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses. The MB added into PET matrix significantly reduced PET degrading to acetaldehyde, carboxylic acids and diethylene glycol. However, while at 0.2 wt.% MB isophthalic acid (IPA) decreased and at higher MB concentrations there were higher IPA levels. The added MB increased the composites intrinsic viscosity (IV) compared to the pure PET. The highest IV (0.701 dL/g) was at the 0.2 wt.% MB/PET composite. Both Tg and Tm temperatures trended down up to 3.2 wt.% MB. Compared to pure PET, glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased to 80.4°C (at 3.2 wt.% MB) from 81°C, whereas melt temperature (Tm) decreased to 248.5°C (at 3.2 wt.% MB) from 249.4°C. The MB/PET composite tensile strength increased by 11.31% to a 60 MPa maximum at 0.2 wt.% MB compared to neat PET (53.9 MPa). However, at 0.4 wt. % and higher MB the dispersion was insufficient causing the MB powders to aggregate in the PET matrix, resulting in reduced tensile strength.
Probiotic potential of Tetragenococcus halophilus EFEL7002 isolated from Korean soy Meju
Authors: Kim Da Hye , Kim Seul-Ah , Jo Yu Mi , Seo Hee , Kim Ga Yun , Cheon Seong Won , Yang Su Hwi , Jeon Che Ok , Han Nam Soo
Published: June 2022

Background

Probiotic starters can improve the flavor profile, texture, and health-promoting properties of fermented foods. Tetragenococcus halophilus is a halophilic lactic acid bacterium that is a candidate starter for high-salt fermented foods. However, the species is known to produce biogenic amines, which are associated with neurotoxicity. Here, we report a probiotic starter strain of T. halophilus, EFEL7002, that is suitable for use in high-salt fermentation.

Results

EFEL7002 was isolated from Korean meju (fermented soybean) and identified as T. halophilus, with 99.85% similarity. The strain is safe for use in food as it is a non-hemolytic and non-biogenic amine producer. EFEL7002 is tolerant to gastrointestinal conditions and can adhere to Caco-2 cells. This strain showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects against the human gut epithelial barrier. EFEL7002 grew well in media containing 0–18% NaCl showing maximum cell densities in 6% or 12% NaCl.

Conclusions

T. halophilus EFEL7002 can be used as a health-promoting probiotic starter culture for various salty fermented foods.
A self-assessment tool for predicting discomfort and tolerance in Chinese patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Ou Jinqing , Lu Kuiqing , Li Junzhen , Deng Xi , He Junhui , Luo Guijin , Mo Hongdan , Lu Lingli , Yang Man , Yuan Jinqiu , Lei Pingguang
Published: June 2022

Background

For patients taking esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), sedation should ideally be used individually based on patients’ comfort and tolerance level. However, currently there is no valid predictive tool. We undertook this study to develop and temporally validate a self-assessment tool for predicting discomfort and tolerance in Chinese patients undergoing EGD.

Methods

We recruited 1522 patients undergoing routine diagnostic EGD without sedation. We collected candidate predictor variables before endoscopy and evaluated discomfort and tolerance with a 5-point visual analogue scale after the procedure. We developed logistic regression predictive models based on the first 2/3 of participants, and evaluated the calibration and discrimination of the models in the later 1/3 of patients.

Results

30.2% and 23.0% participants reported severe discomfort or poor tolerance to EGD respectively. The predictive factors in the model for discomfort included sex, education, expected level of discomfort, and anxiety before endoscopy. The model for tolerance included income, expected level of discomfort, and anxiety before endoscopy. In the validation population, the established models showed a moderate discriminative ability with a c-index of 0.74 for discomfort and 0.78 for tolerance. Hosmer–Lemeshow test suggested the models had fine calibration ability (discomfort: P = 0.37, tolerance: P = 0.41).

Conclusions

Equations for predicting discomfort and tolerance in Chinese patients undergoing EGD demonstrated moderate discrimination and variable calibration. Further studies are still required to validate these tools in other population.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800020236).
The genomic and transcriptome characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma patients with previous breast cancer
Authors: Wang Yan , Song Wenpeng , Zhou Sicheng , Chang Shuai , Chang Junke , Tian Jie , Zhang Liming , Li Jue , Che Guowei
Published: June 2022

Background

Breast cancer and lung cancer are the top two malignancies in the female population and the number of patients with breast cancer and subsequent primary lung cancer has increased significantly in recent years. However, the unique molecular characteristics of this group of patients remains unclear.

Purpose

To identify the genomic and transcriptome characteristics of primary lung adenocarcinoma patients with previous breast cancer by comparison with single primary lung adenocarcinoma (SPLA) patients.

Methods

The tumor and normal pulmonary tissue specimens of ten primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with previous breast cancer (multiple primary cancer, MPC) and ten SPLA patients were prospectively collected. The whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed to analyze the gene mutation and expression differences between MPC and SPC patients.

Results

The results of WES indicated that the mutations of TRIM73, DLX6 and CNGB1 only existed in MPC patients. The results of RNA-seq manifested the occurrence of second primary lung adenocarcinoma in breast cancer patients was closely associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor action, autophagy, PI3L-Akt, cAMP and calcium ion signaling pathways. Besides, the expression levels of FGF10 and VEGFA genes were significantly increased in MPC patients.

Conclusion

The occurrence of second primary lung adenocarcinoma may be related to the cytokine-cytokine receptor action, autophagy, PI3L-Akt, cAMP and calcium ion signaling pathways. Furthermore, the mutations of TRIM73, DLX6 and CNGB1 and high expression of FGF10 and VEGFA might play an important role in the development of lung adenocarcinoma in breast cancer patients. However, more in-depth investigations are needed to verify above findings.
Case series on the Charcot neuroarthropathy in hands after cervical central cord syndrome
Authors: Wang Wenting , Tong Anni , Liu Nan , Biering-Soerensen Fin , Tong Shuai
Published: June 2022

Background

Charcot neuroarthropathy (CNA) of the upper extremity occurs most frequently in shoulders. However, CNA in the hands is uncommon and seldom be reported. The onset of CNA is usually insidious. If this process continues undetected, it can result in joint deformity, ulceration and/or superinfection, loss of function, and amputation or even death. In this article, we are going to present three cases of CNA in the hands of individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) with central cord syndrome.

Case presentation

Three male individuals with cervical spinal stenosis contracted tetraplegia (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale Grade D, D, and B) due to spinal cord contusion after a trauma and developed hand swelling without pain 2 to 3 months after their SCI. X-ray showed degenerative joint changes in the hands. CNA was considered due to the patient’s history of cervical SCI, loss of motor function and sensation, symptoms of painless swelling, physical examination, and X-ray findings. The self-care sub scores of Spinal Cord Independence Measure III improved slightly only during rehabilitation and follow-up due to poor hand function.

Conclusions

CNA may develop after a central or peripheral neurological disorder. Nearly every joint of the body can be affected and the lower limbs are the most frequently involved. However, CNA of the hand is rare. We present three patients with CNA in the hands after cervical SCI and review the features and early differential diagnosis of CNA. Currently there is no specific treatment available. Therefore, early identification of CNA and adequate protection to the affected joints seem important.
Basic life support knowledge in a war-torn country: a survey of nurses in Yemen
Authors: Alkubati Sameer A. , McClean Christopher , Yu Rebecca , Albagawi Bander , Alsaqri Salman H. , Alsabri Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Background

Successful implementation of Basic life support (BLS) is critical to improving survival rates and outcomes, especially among healthcare workers. To our knowledge, there is no available literature pertaining to the level of BLS knowledge of health care professionals in Yemen.

Methods

Data was collected for this cross-sectional descriptive study from June to August 2020, using a 10-item questionnaire related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and BLS, along with questions on socio-demographic characteristics. Participants were nurses in public and private hospitals located in Al-Rahida and Al-dimna cities, Taiz governance and Hodeidah city, Hodeidah governance in Yemen.

Results

Out of 220 distributed questionnaires, 200 were returned with a response rate of 90.9%. More than a half (53.65%) of answer choices for BLS knowledge were correct. There was a significant difference in knowledge score based on level of education where those who had Bachelor degree had more knowledge (P = 0.000). Those who said they had received training in CPR or received information about CPR had significantly higher scores than those who did not receive (P = 0.000).

Conclusions

BLS knowledge among nurses in Yemen is below an acceptable level to ensure maximum survival in the event of cardiac arrest. Disseminating BLS information and training in a cost effective and efficient manner will provide a large benefit in terms of lives saved with minimal costs.
Cost-consciousness among Chinese medical staff: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Liang Fei , Hu Shu , Guo Youqi
Published: June 2022

Background

Rapidly increasing health care costs are a widespread problem in the world. The cost-consciousness among Chinese medical staff is an important topic that needs further investigation. Our study aimed to focus on the cost-consciousness of Chinese medical staff and explore the factors related to their cost-consciousness. Differences regarding cost-consciousness between doctors and nurses were also reported.

Methods

Eight hospitals in Liaoning Province, China, were surveyed using a self-reporting questionnaire. A total of 1043 respondents, including 635 doctors and 408 nurses, participated in the study. A revised Chinese Cost-consciousness Scale was used to estimate cost-consciousness.

Results

The mean score of the Cost-consciousness Scale was 27.60 and 28.18 among doctors and nurses, respectively, and there were no significant differences in any personal characteristics. Most Chinese medical staff were aware of the treatment costs and considered cost control as their responsibility. Chinese doctors disliked adhering to guidelines more and preferred to remain independent in making or denying a treatment decision; thus, they like autonomously balancing the treatment and cost. Chinese nurses have similar attitudes, but nurses tended to deny costly services and interventions and were more sensitive to the health care costs by rationing decisions and uncertainty in their medical practice.

Conclusion

We reveal the attitudes regarding cost-consciousness among Chinese medical staff. Chinese medical staff was aware of their responsibility in health cost control. Chinese doctors and nurses had different tendencies with regard to health care cost containment. Our study highlights the importance of education and professional training on cost-consciousness.