bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Development of Handicraft Sector (Small Industries) in India
Authors: Yadav Uma Shankar , Tripathi Ravindra , Tripathi Mano Ashish
Published: November 2021

Handicrafts products are made by hand, often with the use of simple tools and generally artistic and traditional. It is sometimes in the current scenario called Handomen craft (women handicraft) because most of the handicraft products are related to women artisans, and women have an apex role in the handicraft products of the rich Indian cultural heritage of the country. Indian handicraft industry is a decentralised, unorganised, labour-intensive cottage industry. The sector that has a strong potential to provide massive employment to the rural sector. However, it now faces several problems, and significant competition from machine-made and electronic products, and technology and artificial intelligence, and there is an increasing state of unemployment and jobless growth. For the welfare of Artisans especially women and their social and economic justice there is requirement of strong strategies for uplifting the standards of their life. This paper would discuss and cover important strategies in Handicraft sector and better labour relation, for their development and focused on level of Strategies and sustainable development of labour relation (SDR), Not only in India but also whole of the world and labour relation in management.
Mediating Role of Utilization of Financial Products and Services on the Relationship between Financial Access and MSMEs Growth in India
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Bansal Palvi
Published: November 2021

The study’s main aim is to figure out what function financial goods and services play in mediating the link between financial access and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)’ growth in developing markets. Consequently, this article aims to see whether the usage of monetary goods and services in a developing nation like India mediates the connection between financial access and MSMEs’ growth. The data were collected from 392 MSMEs in the Jammu region using a cross-sectional research method. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was used to see whether the use of financial goods and services in developing nations had a mediating consequence on the link between financial access and MSMEs’ growth. The study exclusively collected data from MSMEs in India’s Jammu region. There is still the possibility of confirming this result in other emerging economies. MSMEs may participate in financial access initiatives provided by organisations to use financial services better.
The Industrial Research and Development Profile of the MSME s Sector in India
Authors: Majeed Mehak , Khan Javaid Iqbal , Mushtaq Saeed Owais , Rather Zahid Gulzar
Published: November 2021

The process of research and development (R&D) is characterised by improvisation, improvement and innovation based on information, knowledge and experimentation. It is the key to modern industrial development. Theoretically, firms are supposed to invest in R&D in order to enhance their existing offering and stay in business, given the competitive globalised market. The Indian economy is characterised as one of the growing global economies. Industrialisation process in India is dominated by the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). A low level of operation keeps these firms on a small budget, thus making the sector non-conducive in conducting firm-specific R&D. The current article is an empirical elucidation of the MSMEs’ industrialisation process in light of industry-specific R&D. The study is based on the Annual Survey of Industries data, analysing the national-level industrialisation process for 3 years from 2016 through 2018. The article finds that the overall MSME sector-specific R&D atmosphere in the country is not satisfactory. There is no correlation and symmetry between the level of industrialisation across states, average output and the R&D process. The findings of the article recommend a change in the industrial policy with a focus on the growth and development of industry-specific R&D.
Microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors: An interdisciplinary exploration
Authors: Ó Fathaigh Ronan , Dobber Tom , Zuiderveen Borgesius Frederik , Shires James
Published: November 2021

This article discusses a problem that has received scant attention in literature: microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors. Microtargeting involves collecting information about people, and using that information to show them targeted political advertisements. Such microtargeting enables advertisers to target ads to specific groups of people, for instance people who visit certain websites, forums, or Facebook groups. This article focuses on one type of microtargeting: microtargeting by foreign actors. For example, Russia has targeted certain groups in the US with ads, aiming to sow discord. Foreign actors could also try to influence European elections, for instance by advertising in favour of a certain political party. Foreign propaganda possibilities existed before microtargeting. This article explores two questions. In what ways, if any, is microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors different from other foreign propaganda? What could lawmakers in Europe do to mitigate the risks of microtargeted propaganda?
Advancing digital disconnection research: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Lomborg Stine , Ytre-Arne Brita
Published: November 2021

Over the past decade, scholarly interest in “digital disconnection” and related concepts has grown in media and communication studies, and in related disciplines. The idea of digital disconnection explicitly references digitalization as a key societal development, creating conditions of intensified and embedded media involvement across social life. The notion of digital disconnection thereby represents a critical response to mediated conditions that characterize our societies and permeate our everyday lives. In this special issue, we take stock of the contributions, challenges, and promises of digital disconnection research. We showcase how digital disconnection scholarship intersects with other developments in media and communication research, and is part of debates and empirical analysis in related disciplines from tourism studies to psychology. We argue that one of the key strengths of the emergent work is the variety of social domains and conceptual debates that are included and explored in digital disconnection research. On the other hand, we also point to the need for further methodological development, conceptual consolidation, and empirical diversity, particularly in the face of global inequalities and ongoing crises.
Effect of Fuzheng Qingdu Therapy for Metastatic Gastric Cancer is Associated With Improved Survival: A Multicenter Propensity-Matched Study
Authors: Hou Chao , Yang Die , Zhang Yusen , Li Yifei , He Zhengfei , Dai Xiaojun , Lu Qingyun , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Xiaochun , Liu Yanqing
Published: November 2021

Objective

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically Fuzheng Qingdu (FZQD) therapy, on the survival time of metastatic GC patients.

Patients and Methods

Databases of medical records of 6 hospitals showed that 432 patients with stage IV GC were enrolled from March 1, 2012 to October 31, 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the bias caused by confounding factors in the comparison between the TCM and the non-TCM users. We used a Cox multivariate regression model to compare the hazard ratio (HR) value for mortality risk, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the survival time of GC patients

Results

The same number of subjects from the non-TCM group were matched with 122 TCM-treated patients after PSM to evaluate their overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Median time of OS of TCM and non-TCM users were 16.53 and 9.10 months, respectively. TCM and non-TCM groups demonstrated a 1-year survival rate of 68.5% and 34.5%, 2-year survival rate of 28.6% and 3.5%, and 3-year survival rate of 17.8% and 0.0%, respectively. A statistical difference exists in OS between the 2 groups (χ2 = 33.39 and P < .0001). The PFS of TCM users was also longer than that of non-TCM users (χ2 = 4.95 and P = 0.026). Notably, Chinese herbal decoction, Shenmai and compound Kushen injections were commonly used for FZQD therapy.

Conclusion

This propensity-matched study showed that FZQD therapy could improve the survival of metastatic GC patients.
Emerging technologies and their impact on regulatory science
Authors: Anklam Elke , Bahl Martin Iain , Ball Robert , Beger Richard D , Cohen Jonathan , Fitzpatrick Suzanne , Girard Philippe , Halamoda-Kenzaoui Blanka , Hinton Denise , Hirose Akihiko , Hoeveler Arnd , Honma Masamitsu , Hugas Marta , Ishida Seichi , Kass George EN , Kojima Hajime , Krefting Ira , Liachenko Serguei , Liu Yan , Masters Shane , Marx Uwe , McCarthy Timothy , Mercer Tim , Patri Anil , Pelaez Carmen , Pirmohamed Munir , Platz Stefan , Ribeiro Alexandre JS , Rodricks Joseph V , Rusyn Ivan , Salek Reza M , Schoonjans Reinhilde , Silva Primal , Svendsen Clive N , Sumner Susan , Sung Kyung , Tagle Danilo , Tong Li , Tong Weida , Eijnden-van-Raaij Janny van den , Vary Neil , Wang Tao , Waterton John , Wang May , Wen Hairuo , Wishart David , Yuan Yinyin , Slikker Jr. William
Published: November 2021

There is an evolution and increasing need for the utilization of emerging cellular, molecular and in silico technologies and novel approaches for safety assessment of food, drugs, and personal care products. Convergence of these emerging technologies is also enabling rapid advances and approaches that may impact regulatory decisions and approvals. Although the development of emerging technologies may allow rapid advances in regulatory decision making, there is concern that these new technologies have not been thoroughly evaluated to determine if they are ready for regulatory application, singularly or in combinations. The magnitude of these combined technical advances may outpace the ability to assess fit for purpose and to allow routine application of these new methods for regulatory purposes. There is a need to develop strategies to evaluate the new technologies to determine which ones are ready for regulatory use. The opportunity to apply these potentially faster, more accurate, and cost-effective approaches remains an important goal to facilitate their incorporation into regulatory use. However, without a clear strategy to evaluate emerging technologies rapidly and appropriately, the value of these efforts may go unrecognized or may take longer. It is important for the regulatory science field to keep up with the research in these technically advanced areas and to understand the science behind these new approaches. The regulatory field must understand the critical quality attributes of these novel approaches and learn from each other's experience so that workforces can be trained to prepare for emerging global regulatory challenges. Moreover, it is essential that the regulatory community must work with the technology developers to harness collective capabilities towards developing a strategy for evaluation of these new and novel assessment tools.
Analyzing the importance of critical success factors for the adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies
Authors: Sukathong Sakonphot , Suksawang Poonpong , Naenna Thanakorn
Published: November 2021

The adoption of new technologies is the most important phase for integrating new technologies into the traditional processes of an organization. This study aims to assess the importance of critical success factors by developing a critical success factor framework, relationship, and subfactors that influence the adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The framework was developed based on previous studies that were grouped into five critical success factors, namely, strategy, organization, top management, environment, and technology. We then applied structural equation modeling (SEM). A total of 212 samples were gathered and grouped. The results indicate that strategy is the most important critical success factor, followed by organization, top management, technology, and environment.
Applying Property Pricing Models to Estimate a Foreclosure Discount in the Hotel Real Estate Sector
Authors: Singh Amrik
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the magnitude of the foreclosure sale discount in the hotel sector. The foreclosure sales discount is captured using three different models: hedonic, hybrid, and repeat sales. Controlling for various hotel attributes and time, the hedonic model shows a foreclosure discount of 40%, followed by the repeat sales model at 42% and the hybrid model at 45%, all relative to non-distressed market prices. The results of the study provide novel empirical evidence of cross-sectional variation in foreclosure discounts between independent hotels and branded hotel segments and by location. In particular, variation in the foreclosure discount is driven by independent and upscale hotels and hotels located in resorts, small metro towns, and urban locations. In addition, the study results reveal the influence of occupancy, deferred maintenance, renovation, and holding period on transaction prices.
Does Warming Up With Wearable Resistance Influence Internal and External Training Load in National Level Soccer Players?
Authors: Uthoff Aaron , Bustos Aníbal , Metral Gustavo , Cronin John , Dolcetti Joseph , Rumpf Michael C.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Adding wearable resistance (WR) to training results in superior performance compared with unloaded conditions. However, it is unclear if adding WR during warm-up influences training load (TL) in the subsequent session. The aim of this research was to track TL in soccer players during the transition from late preseason to early in-season and examine whether adding WR to the lower leg during a warm-up influenced TL measures during warm-ups and on-field training sessions after WR was removed.

Hypothesis:

The addition of WR worn on the lower legs during an on-field warm-up would lead to decreases in relatively high-intensity external TL metrics, such as distance covered >6.11 m∙s−1 and acceleration and deceleration >/<3 m∙s−2 and increases in internal TL during the warm-up, yet would have little effect on the subsequent training session when WR was removed.

Study Design:

Matched-pair randomized design.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A total of 28 soccer players were allocated to either a WR training (WRT = 14) or unloaded (control [CON] = 14) group. Both groups performed the same warm-up and on-field training for 8 weeks, with the WRT group wearing 200 g to 600 g loads on their lower leg during the warm-up. External TL was measured via global positioning system data and internal TL was assessed using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE × time per session).

Results:

No statistically significant between-group differences ( P ≥ 0.05) were identified for any TL measurement during either warm-ups or training sessions. Lower leg WR resulted in trivial to moderate effects for all external TL metrics (−16.9% to 2.40%; d = −0.61 to 0.14) and sRPE (−0.33%; d = −0.03) during the warm-up and trivial to small effects on all external TL metrics (−8.95% to −0.36%; d = −0.45 to −0.30) and sRPE (3.39%; d = 0.33) during training sessions.

Conclusion:

Warming up with lower leg WR negatively affects neither the quality and quantity of the warm-up nor the subsequent training session once WR is removed.

Clinical Relevance:

Using WR on the lower leg during on-field warm-ups may be a means to “microdose” strength training while not unduly increasing TL. However, further research is needed to determine the influence of WR on strength qualities.
Antinomies of space and nature or an open totality? Neil Smith and Henri Lefebvre on nature and society
Authors: Napoletano Brian M. , Foster John Bellamy , Clark Brett
Published: November 2021

The work of Henri Lefebvre has played a pivotal role in human geography in recent decades. At the same time, it has frequently been subject to partial and fragmented appropriations that isolate his insights on the production of space from his broader corpus, leading to confusion and misunderstanding regarding his handling of the dialectical relationships between space, time, society, and nature. In particular, Neil Smith's claim that Lefebvre's conceptualization of nature was both deficient and inconsistent with his dynamic conceptualization of space has tended to dominate geographical engagements with Lefebvre in this area. Following Smith, researchers generally reconstruct the production of space as an epiphenomenon of the production of nature. We critically assess and respond to Smith's criticisms of Lefebvre. Specifically, we contrast Lefebvre's material–dialectical approach to Smith's production-of-nature thesis. While Smith's thesis is helpful in understanding how capital attempts to subsume all of nature under commodity production, Lefebvre's dialectical conceptualization of nature–society as an oppositional unity points both to the impossibility of capital subsuming all of nature and the dangers that its attempts to do so pose to human civilization (even survival). Lefebvre's observations, regarding the growing rupture between natural processes and spatial dynamics, which he incorporates into his own elaboration of Karl Marx's theory of metabolic rift, make his work indispensable to the development of an ecospatial critique within geography and the social sciences more generally.
Fight the Virus and Fight the Bias: Asian Americans’ Engagement in Activism to Combat Anti-Asian COVID-19 Racism
Authors: Jun Jungmi , Kim Joon Kyoung , Woo Bongki
Published: November 2021

The global COVID-19 pandemic reinforced anti-Asian biases, accompanied by the rise of violence against Asians. We examined Asian Americans’ engagement in activism to combat anti-Asian racism and advance their community using the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) and two additional factors—past discrimination and subjective norms. Asian American activism includes social media, political, and advocacy actions. Structural equation modeling was conducted with data from online survey responses of 240 Asian Americans. Our results suggest pathways from Asian Americans’ past racism experiences to political and advocacy actions via three perceptual factors in STOPS (problem, involvement, constraint recognition), subjective norms, and expression of opinion on social media.
Arthroscopic Repair of a Posterior Midcapsular Rupture Causing Posterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Yagnik Gautam P. , West Kevin , Sheth Bhavya K. , Vargas Luis , Uribe John W.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Gross posterior instability is rare and when found likely has an injury or deficiency to the posterior static restraints of shoulder associated with it. Traditionally, injuries to the posterior capsule have been difficult to diagnose and visualize with magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, and very little literature regarding arthroscopic repair of posterior capsular tears exists currently.

Indications:

We present a repair of a posterior midcapsular and posterior labral tear in a 26-year-old man with recurrent left posterior shoulder instability using a novel all–arthroscopic technique.

Technique Description:

We performed a shoulder arthroscopy in a lateral decubitus position with the arm at 45° of abduction using standard posterior viewing and anterior working portals. Diagnostic arthroscopy revealed a large posterior midcapsular rupture approximately 2 cm lateral to the glenoid with an associated posterior labral tear. We created an accessory posterolateral portal with needle localization that was outside the capsular defect yet allowed access to the posterior labrum. Anatomic closure of the capsular tear was achieved arthroscopically with 3 interrupted No. 2 nonabsorbable sutures in a side–to–side fashion. Posterior labral repair and capsular shift were done to further address the instability using 2 knotless all–suture anchors percutaneously placed at the 7 o'clock and 9 o'clock position. We closed the posterior portal with a combination of curved and penetrating suture passers. Incisions were closed with interrupted 4-0 nylon. Postoperatively, the patient was placed in an ultra–sling for 4 weeks before physical therapy. We allowed light strengthening at 8 weeks, full strengthening at 12 weeks, and estimated return to sport at 4 months.

Results:

At 6 months postoperatively, the patient has regained symmetric motion, full strength, and has no residual pain or instability.

Conclusion:

Gross posterior instability is a rare and difficult condition to diagnose and manage. If no significant labral injuries are identified, injury to the posterior capsule must be considered and full assessment should be done when visualizing from the anterior portal. Repair of the posterior capsule is necessary and can be achieved all arthroscopically with this technique.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress as a key mechanism in stunted growth of seawater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Morro Bernat , Broughton Richard , Balseiro Pablo , Handeland Sigurd O. , Mackenzie Simon , Doherty Mary K. , Whitfield Phillip D. , Shimizu Munetaka , Gorissen Marnix , Sveier Harald , Albalat Amaya
Published: November 2021

Background

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a salmonid species with a complex life-history. Wild populations are naturally divided into freshwater residents and sea-run migrants. Migrants undergo an energy-demanding adaptation for life in seawater, known as smoltification, while freshwater residents display these changes in an attenuated magnitude and rate. Despite this, in seawater rainbow trout farming all fish are transferred to seawater. Under these circumstances, weeks after seawater transfer, a significant portion of the fish die (around 10%) or experience growth stunting (GS; around 10%), which represents an important profitability and welfare issue. The underlying causes leading to GS in seawater-transferred rainbow trout remain unknown. In this study, we aimed at characterising the GS phenotype in seawater-transferred rainbow trout using untargeted and targeted approaches. To this end, the liver proteome (LC-MS/MS) and lipidome (LC-MS) of GS and fast-growing phenotypes were profiled to identify molecules and processes that are characteristic of the GS phenotype. Moreover, the transcription, abundance or activity of key proteins and hormones related to osmoregulation (Gill Na+, K + –ATPase activity), growth (plasma IGF-I, and liverigf1,igfbp1b,ghr1andctsl) and stress (plasma cortisol) were measured using targeted approaches.

Results

No differences in Gill Na+, K + –ATPase activity and plasma cortisol were detected between the two groups. However, a significant downregulation in plasma IGF-I and liverigf1transcription pointed at this growth factor as an important pathomechanism for GS. Changes in the liver proteome revealed reactive-oxygen-species-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress as a key mechanism underlying the GS phenotype. From the lipidomic analysis, key observations include a reduction in triacylglycerols and elevated amounts of cardiolipins, a characteristic lipid class associated with oxidative stress, in GS phenotype.

Conclusion

While the triggers to the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress are still unknown, data from this study point towards a nutritional deficiency as an underlying driver of this phenotype.
Genetic characteristics and ploidy trigger the high inducibility of double haploid (DH) inducer in Brassica napus
Authors: Luo Xuan , Yang Jin , Zhu Zhendong , Huang Liangjun , Ali Asif , Javed Hafiz Hassan , Zhang Wei , Zhou Ying , Yin Liqin , Xu Peizhou , Liang Xingyu , Li Yun , Wang Jisheng , Zou Qiong , Gong Wanzhuo , Shi Haoran , Tao Lanrong , Kang Zeming , Tang Rong , Liu Hailan , Fu Shaohong
Published: November 2021

Background

Our recently reported doubled haploid (DH) induction lines e.g., Y3380 and Y3560 are allo-octoploid (AAAACCCC, 2n = 8× ≈ 76), which can induce the maternal parent to produce DH individuals. Whether this induction process is related to the production of aneuploid gametes form male parent and genetic characteristics of the male parent has not been reported yet.

Results

Somatic chromosome counts of DH inducer parents, female wax-less parent (W1A) and their F1 hybrid individuals revealed the reliability of flow cytometry analysis. Y3560 has normal chromosome behavior in metaphase I and anaphase I, but chromosome division was not synchronized in the tetrad period. Individual phenotypic identification and flow cytometric fluorescence measurement of F1 individual and parents revealed that DH individuals can be distinguished on the basis of waxiness trait. The results of phenotypic identification and flow cytometry can identify the homozygotes or heterozygotes of F1 generation individuals. The data of SNP genotyping coupled with phenotypic waxiness trait revealed that the genetic distance between W1A and F1 homozygotes were smaller as compared to their heterozygotes. It was found that compared with allo-octoploids, aneuploidy from allo-octoploid segregation did not significantly increase the DH induction rate, but reduced male infiltration rate and heterozygous site rate of induced F1 generation. The ploidy, SNP genotyping and flow cytometry results cumulatively shows that DH induction is attributed to the key genes regulation from the parents of Y3560 and Y3380, which significantly increase the induction efficiency as compared to ploidy.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, we hypothesize that genetic characteristics and aneuploidy play an important role in the induction of DH individuals in Brassca napus, and the induction process has been explored. It provides an important insight for us to locate and clone the genes that regulate the inducibility in the later stage.
A pilot study of participatory and rapid implementation approaches to increase depression screening in primary care
Authors: Last Briana S. , Buttenheim Alison M. , Futterer Anne C. , Livesey Cecilia , Jaeger Jeffrey , Stewart Rebecca E. , Reilly Megan , Press Matthew J. , Peifer Maryanne , Wolk Courtney Benjamin , Beidas Rinad S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Most individuals with depression go unidentified and untreated. In 2016 the US Preventive Services Task Force released guidelines recommending universal screening in primary care to identify patients with depression and to link them to treatment. Feasible, acceptable, and effective strategies to implement these guidelines are needed.

Methods

This three-phased study employed rapid participatory methods to design and test strategies to increase depression screening at Penn Medicine, a large health system with 90 primary care practices. First, researchers solicited ideas and barriers from stakeholders to increase screening using an innovation tournament—a crowdsourcing method that invites stakeholders to submit ideas to address a workplace challenge. Second, a panel of stakeholders and scientists deliberated over and ranked the tournament ideas. An instant runoff election was held to select the winning idea. Third, the research team piloted the winning idea in a primary care practice using rapid prototyping, an approach that quickly refines and iterates strategy designs.

Results

The innovation tournament yielded 31 ideas and 32 barriers from diverse stakeholders (12 primary care physicians, 10 medical assistants, 4 nurse practitioners, 2 practice managers, and 4 patient support assistants). A panel of 6 stakeholders and scientists deliberated on the ideas and voted for patient self-report (i.e., through tablet computers, text message, or an online patient portal) as the winning idea. The research team rapid prototyped tablets in one primary care practice with one physician over 5 five-hour shifts to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of the strategy. Most patients, the physician, and medical assistants found the tablets acceptable and feasible. However, patient support assistants struggled to incorporate them in their workflow and expressed concerns about scaling up the process. Depression screening rates were higher using tablets compared to usual care; follow-up was comparable between tablets and usual care.

Conclusions

Rapid participatory methods engaged and amplified the voices of diverse stakeholders in primary care. These methods helped design an acceptable and feasible implementation strategy that showed promise for increasing depression screening in a primary care setting. The next step is to evaluate the strategy in a randomized controlled trial across primary care practices.
Postpartum septic symphysitis, a rare condition with possible long-term consequences: a cohort study with long-term follow-up
Authors: Elden Helen , Olsen Monika Fagevik , Hussein Nasrin Farah , Axelsson Lisa Wibeck , Sengpiel Verena , Ullman Michael
Published: November 2021

Background

Postpartum septic symphysitis (PPSS) is defined as acute onset of severe pain around the symphysis, restricted movement, fever, and elevated inflammatory parameters. It is a rare but serious condition requiring urgent diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up of PPSS.

Methods

This follow-up study included 19 out of 21 women diagnosed with PPSS from 1989 to 2017 at one tertiary care hospital in Sweden. Clinical data were retrieved from hospital records and compared to those retrieved from a regional registry. Women completed a postal questionnaire, and those who reported lumbopelvic pain (LPP) were offered a clinical examination.

Results

1) PPSS was diagnosed after a normal postpartum period of 24 to 50 h by blood tests (n = 19/19), ultrasonography (n = 9 /19), computer tomography (n = 8/19) or magnetic resonance imaging (n = 16/19) Treatment included aspiration of symphyseal abscesses, i.v. antibiotics and different physiotherapeutic interventions. Women with PPSS more frequently were primiparous (n = 14/19,p = 0.001), had an instrumental delivery (n = 14/19,p = 0.003), longer time of active labour (p = 0.01) and second stage of labour (p = 0.001) than women in the regional registry. 2) Ten out of 19 (52%) women reported LPP at follow-up. These women more often suffered impaired function related to LPP (Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire, 27 versus 0,p < 0.0001), a poorer health-related quality of life (EuroQol-5 dimensionsp = 0.001 and EuroQol-visual analogue scale, 65 mm versus 84 mm,p = 0.022) and higher levels of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) HADS-Anxiety, 7 versus 2,p = 0.010; and HADS-Depression, 1 versus 0,p = 0.028) than women with no pain. 3). Of the eight women who were clinically assessed, one had lumbar pain and seven had pelvic girdle pain (PGP).

Conclusions

In the largest cohort of patients with PPSS to date, primiparas and women with instrumental vaginal delivery were overrepresented, indicating that first and complicated deliveries might be risk factors. Approximately half of the women reported PGP at follow-up, with considerable consequences affecting health-related quality of life and function decades after delivery. Prospective multicentre studies are needed to establish risk factors, long-term consequences, and adequate treatment for this rare pregnancy complication.
Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy versus goniotomy with Kahook dual blade in patients with uncontrolled juvenile open-angle glaucoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Qiao Yunsheng , Tan Chen , Chen Xueli , Sun Xinghuai , Chen Junyi
Published: November 2021

Background

To compare the efficacy and safety of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) and Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) excisional goniotomy in patients with uncontrolled juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG).

Methods

Thirty-three patients (46 eyes) were included in this single-center, retrospective, comparative study and treated with GATT (36 eyes) or KDB goniotomy (13 eyes). Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, adverse events, and additional anti-glaucoma procedures were collected during pre- and postoperative visits. Surgical success was defined as 6 mmHg ≤ IOP ≤ 18 mmHg and ≥ 20% IOP reduction from baseline with (partial success) or without (complete success) IOP-lowering medications.

Results

The mean ± SD preoperative IOP was 30.48 ± 12.9 mmHg and 26.08 ± 13.1 mmHg (P = 0.164) on 3.71 ± 0.46 and 3.08 ± 0.86 (P = 0.023) glaucoma medications in GATT and KDB group, respectively. At 3 months, the mean ± SD IOP was 15.48 ± 5.93 mmHg and 20.0 ± 10.8 mmHg after GATT and KDB, respectively (P = 0.072). The percentage of IOP lowering from baseline was 44.4 in the GATT group and 14.1 in the KDB group (P = 0.011). The mean reduction in medications was 2.6 ± 1.7 and 0.8 ± 1.2 three months after GATT and KDB, respectively (P < 0.001). Cumulative proportion of partial and complete success were 65.6 and 44.7% in the GATT group, 30.8 and 15.4% in the KDB group at 6 months. Additional procedures were required in 13.9% of cases after GATT and in 61.5% after KDB (P = 0.001). Patients in the GATT group with prior anti-glaucoma procedures and postoperative IOP spikes were more likely to fail, while those with complete trabeculotomy had a better prognosis.

Conclusions

Reduction of IOP and medications were greater after GATT in uncontrolled JOAG eyes. Whereas, more additional IOP-lowering procedures were required after KDB goniotomy.

Trial registration

This study was registered under the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000034172, 27/06/2020).
Testing extra-linearity across a psychosis continuum
Authors: Coid Jeremy W. , Zhang Yamin , Zeng Jinkun , Li Xiaojing , Lv Qiuyue , Tang Wanjie , Wang Qiang , Deng Wei , Guo Wanjun , Zhao Liansheng , Ma Xiaohong , Meng Yajing , Li Mingli , Wang Huiyao , Chen Ting , Yang Min , Li Tao
Published: November 2021

Background

It is unclear whether psychotic experiences (PEs) gradually merge into states of clinical psychosis along a continuum which correspond to a dimensional classification or whether latent classes appear above a certain severity threshold which correspond better to diagnostic categories of psychosis.

Methods

Annual cross-sectional surveys, 2014–19, among Chinese undergraduates (N = 47,004) measured PEs, depression and etiological risk factors using standardized self-report instruments. We created a psychosis continuum with five levels and tested linear and extra-linear contrasts in associated etiological risk factors, before and after adjustment for depression. We carried out latent class analysis.

Results

Categorical expression of psychosis, including hallucinations and delusions, nuclear symptoms, and nuclear symptoms and depression were found at severe level 5. Etiological risk factors which impacted linearly across the continuum were more common for depression. Child maltreatment impacted extra-linearly on both psychosis and depression. Family history of psychosis impacted linearly on psychosis; male sex and urban birth impacted extra-linearly and were specific for psychosis. Four latent classes were found, but only at level 5. These corresponded to nuclear schizophrenia symptoms, nuclear schizophrenia and depressive symptoms, severe depression, and an unclassified category with moderate prevalence of PEs.

Conclusion

Quantitative and qualitative changes in the underlying structure of psychosis were observed at the most severe level along a psychosis continuum, where four latent classes emerged. These corresponded to existing categorical classifications but require confirmation with clinical interview. PEs are non-specific and our findings suggest some are on a continuum with depression, whilst others are on a continuum with non-affective psychosis. Differing patterns of impact from etiological risk factors across the spectrum of psychopathology determine outcome at the most severe level of these continua.
Time of onset and/or diagnosis of ADHD in European children: a systematic review
Authors: Rocco Ilaria , Corso Barbara , Bonati Maurizio , Minicuci Nadia
Published: November 2021

Background

Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood neurobehavioral conditions. Symptoms related to this disorder cause a significant impairment in school tasks and in the activities of children’s daily lives; an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment could almost certainly help improve their outcomes.

The current study, part of the Models Of Child Health Appraised (MOCHA) project, aims to explore the age at which children experience the onset or diagnosis of ADHD in European countries.

Methods

A systematic review was done examining the studies reporting the age of onset/diagnosis (AO/AD) of ADHD in European countries (28 European Member States plus 2 European Economic Area countries), published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019. Of the 2276 identified studies, 44 met all the predefined criteria and were included in the review.

Results

The lowest mean AO in the children diagnosed with ADHD alone was 2.25 years and the highest was 7.5 years. It was 15.3 years in the children with ADHD and disruptive behaviour disorder. The mean AD ranges between 6.2 and 18.1 years.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that there is a wide variability in both the AO and AD of ADHD, and a too large distance between AO and AD. Since studies in the literature suggest that an early identification of ADHD symptoms may facilitate early referral and treatment, it would be important to understand the underlying reasons behind the wide variability found.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration: CRD42017070631.
IRF7 and RNH1 are modifying factors of HIV-1 reservoirs: a genome-wide association analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Trypsteen Wim , Blaauw Marc , Chu Xiaojing , Rutsaert Sofie , Vandekerckhove Linos , van der Heijden Wouter , dos Santos Jéssica Cristina , Xu Cheng-Jian , Swertz Morris A. , van der Ven Andre , Li Yang
Published: November 2021

Background

Combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) cannot eradicate HIV-1 from the body due to the establishment of persisting viral reservoirs which are not affected by therapy and reinitiate new rounds of HIV-1 replication after treatment interruption. These HIV-1 reservoirs mainly comprise long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells and are established early after infection. There is a high variation in the size of these viral reservoirs among virally suppressed individuals. Identification of host factors that contribute to or can explain this observed variation could open avenues for new HIV-1 treatment strategies.

Methods

In this study, we conducted a genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to probe functionally relevant genetic variants linked to levels of cell-associated (CA) HIV-1 DNA, CA HIV-1 RNA, and RNA:DNA ratio in CD4+ T cells isolated from blood from a cohort of 207 (Caucasian) people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV) on long-term suppressive antiretroviral treatment (median = 6.6 years). CA HIV-1 DNA and CA HIV-1 RNA levels were measured with corresponding droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays, and genotype information of 522,455 single-nucleotide variants was retrieved via the Infinium Global Screening array platform.

Results

The analysis resulted in one significant association with CA HIV-1 DNA (rs2613996,P< 5 × 10−8) and two suggestive associations with RNA:DNA ratio (rs7113204 and rs7817589,P< 5 × 10−7). Then, we prioritizedPTDSS2,IRF7,RNH1, andDEAF1as potential HIV-1 reservoir modifiers and validated that higher expressions ofIRF7andRNH1were accompanied by rs7113204-G. Moreover, RNA:DNA ratio, indicating relative HIV-1 transcription activity, was lower in PLHIV carrying this variant.

Conclusions

The presented data suggests that the amount of CA HIV-1 DNA and RNA:DNA ratio can be influenced throughPTDSS2,RNH1, andIRF7that were anchored by our genome-wide association analysis. Further, these observations reveal potential host genetic factors affecting the size and transcriptional activity of HIV-1 reservoirs and could indicate new targets for HIV-1 therapeutic strategies.
Engagement of non-governmental organisations in moving towards universal health coverage: a scoping review
Authors: Sanadgol Arman , Doshmangir Leila , Majdzadeh Reza , Gordeev Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: November 2021

Background

Developing essential health services through non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is an important strategy for progressing towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC), especially in low- and middle-income countries. It is crucial to understand NGOs’ role in reaching UHC and the best way to engage them.

Objective

This study reviewed the role of NGOs and their engagement strategies in progress toward UHC.

Method

We systematically reviewed studies from five databases (PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), ProQuest, EMBASE and Scopus) that investigated NGOs interventions in public health-related activities. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool. PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed.

Findings

Seventy-eight studies met the eligibility criteria. NGOs main activities related to service and population coverage and used different strategies to progress towards UHC. To ensure services coverage, NGOs provided adequate and competent human resources, necessary health equipment and facilities, and provided public health and health care services strategies. To achieve population coverage, they provided services to vulnerable groups through community participation. Most studies were conducted in middle-income countries. Overall, the quality of the reported evidence was good. The main funding sources of NGOs were self-financing and grants from the government, international organisations, and donors.

Conclusion

NGOs can play a significant role in the country’s progress towards UHC along with the government and other key health players. The government should use strategies and interventions in supporting NGOs, accelerating their movement toward UHC.
A mouse model of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval cytoreductive surgery indicates impaired efficacy of perioperative cisplatin
Authors: Clark Mitchell , Kollara Alexandra , Brown Theodore J. , May Taymaa
Published: November 2021

Background

Investigate the impact of interval cytoreductive surgery (ICS) on progression in an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer and the impact of chemotherapy delivered at various timelines following surgery.

Methods

Luciferase-expressing ID8 murine ovarian cancer cells were implanted intra-bursally and IP to C57BL/7 mice. Once disease was established by bioluminescence, 2 cycles of neoadjuvant cisplatin were administered, and animals received either ICS (removal of the injected bursa/primary tumor) or anesthesia alone. Postsurgical chemotherapy was administered on the same day as the intervention (ICS/anesthesia), or on day 7 or day 28 following the intervention. Progression was quantified serially with in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Volume of ascitic fluid volume collected at necropsy was measured.

Results

Animals were matched for tumor burden at stratification. There was no accelerated growth of residual tumor after interval cytoreduction compared to controls. Animals who received chemotherapy on postoperative day (POD) 7 had better disease control compared to standard-of-care POD 28. Animals who underwent surgery had less ascites at necropsy compared to those who had anesthesia alone.

Conclusions

In this animal model, surgical wounding with suboptimal cytoreduction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not cause accelerated expansion of residual disease. Surgical wounding appears to impair cisplatin activity when given at time of surgery.
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging evidence of olfactory bulbs changes in a newborn with congenital Citomegalovirus: a case report
Authors: Bianchi Andrea , Coviello Caterina , Leonardi Valentina , Luzzati Michele , Chiti Stefano , Ermini Daniele , Miele Vittorio , Fainardi Enrico , Dani Carlo , Scola Elisa
Published: November 2021

Background

Citomegalovirus (CMV) infects approximately 1% of live newborns. About 10% of the infants affected by congenital CMV infection are symptomatic at birth and up to 60% of these infants will develop permanent neurological disabilities. Depending on gestational age (GA) at the time of infection, the involvement of central nervous system (CNS) can lead to malformations of cortical development, calcifications, periventricular white matter lesions and cysts, ventriculomegaly and cerebellar hypoplasia.

Case presentation

We report the MRI findings in a Caucasian female born at 32 weeks of post-menstrual age with post-birth diagnosis of congenital CMV infection showing an unusual and peculiar marked T2 hyperintensity of the inner part of olfactory bulbs in addition to the CMV related diffuse brain involvement. Despite the known extensively described fetal and neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings in CMV infected fetuses and newborns, any in vivo MRI depiction of olfactory system damage have never been reported so far. Nevertheless, in murine studies CMV is known to infect the placenta during pregnancy showing particular tropism for neural stem cells of the olfactory system and previous neuropathologic study on CMV infected human fetal brains from 23 to 28 weeks of GA reported damage in the olfactory bulbs (OB) consisting in disseminated cytomegalic cells, inflammation, necrosis and neuronal and radial glial cell loss. Therefore, we assume an OB involvement and damage in congenital CMV infection.

Conclusion

To our knowledge this is the first in vivo MRI evidence of OB damage in a newborn with congenital CMV infection that may give new insights on CMV infection.
Resequencing of 388 cassava accessions identifies valuable loci and selection for variation in heterozygosity
Authors: Hu Wei , Ji Changmian , Liang Zhe , Ye Jianqiu , Ou Wenjun , Ding Zehong , Zhou Gang , Tie Weiwei , Yan Yan , Yang Jinghao , Ma Liming , Yang Xiaoying , Wei Yunxie , Jin Zhiqiang , Xie Jianghui , Peng Ming , Wang Wenquan , Guo Anping , Xu Biyu , Guo Jianchun , Chen Songbi , Wang Mingcheng , Zhou Yang , Li Xiaolong , Li Ruoxi , Xiao Xinhui , Wan Zhongqing , An Feifei , Zhang Jie , Leng Qingyun , Li Yin , Shi Haitao , Ming Ray , Li Kaimian
Published: November 2021

Background

Heterozygous genomes are widespread in outcrossing and clonally propagated crops. However, the variation in heterozygosity underlying key agronomic traits and crop domestication remains largely unknown. Cassava is a staple crop in Africa and other tropical regions and has a highly heterozygous genome.

Results

We describe a genomic variation map from 388 resequenced genomes of cassava cultivars and wild accessions. We identify 52 loci for 23 agronomic traits through a genome-wide association study. Eighteen allelic variations in heterozygosity for nine candidate genes are significantly associated with seven key agronomic traits. We detect 81 selective sweeps with decreasing heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity, harboring 548 genes, which are enriched in multiple biological processes including growth, development, hormone metabolisms and responses, and immune-related processes. Artificial selection for decreased heterozygosity has contributed to the domestication of the large starchy storage root of cassava. Selection for homozygous GG allele in MeTIR1 during domestication contributes to increased starch content. Selection of homozygous AA allele in MeAHL17 is associated with increased storage root weight and cassava bacterial blight (CBB) susceptibility. We have verified the positive roles of MeTIR1 in increasing starch content and MeAHL17 in resistance to CBB by transient overexpression and silencing analysis. The allelic combinations in MeTIR1 and MeAHL17 may result in high starch content and resistance to CBB.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into allelic variation in heterozygosity associated with key agronomic traits and cassava domestication. It also offers valuable resources for the improvement of cassava and other highly heterozygous crops.