bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Patient Engagement in Private Healthcare Institutions in Riyadh: An Analysis of Management Strategies
Authors: Alsaadouni Dina
Published: August 2024

The healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia is undergoing a remarkable transformation driven by factors such as population growth and rising disposable income. This has led to a significant surge in demand for private healthcare services, particularly in major cities like Riyadh. While catering to the needs of a growing patient base, there is an urgent need to ensure patient-centered care to enhance service quality and satisfaction. Multiple research studies have affirmed the positive impact of patient engagement. Studies consistently demonstrate that patients actively involved in their healthcare decisions experience improved quality of life, better adherence to treatment, and reduced hospital readmission rates. This ultimately leads to improved health outcomes and reduced overall healthcare costs. Despite these well-established benefits, many private healthcare institutions in Riyadh struggle to effectively integrate patient engagement strategies into their practices. This implementation gap necessitates a deeper understanding of the factors influencing these efforts. This study aims to address this pressing need by investigating the factors affecting patient engagement initiatives within private healthcare institutions in Riyadh. The study will explore the influence of three key domains: Digital Technology: The increasing reliance on digital tools in healthcare holds the potential to revolutionize patient engagement. This study will explore how technology platforms, telemedicine applications, and patient portals can facilitate patient engagement. Organizational Leadership: Leadership plays a pivotal role in fostering a patient-centered care culture. This research will examine how leadership styles, commitment to patient engagement, and resource allocation impact patient engagement initiatives. Organizational Culture: The overall culture of a healthcare institution significantly influences patient interactions. This study will explore how factors such as communication practices, staff training, and patient empowerment within the organizational culture shape patient engagement. By examining these three domains, the study aims to provide valuable insights into the factors that influence patient engagement in private healthcare settings in Riyadh. The findings will contribute to the development of effective strategies for enhancing patient engagement and improving overall healthcare quality.
MALAY ETHICS IN ABSTINENCE FROM PROHIBITION: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Rina Ari Rohmah  , Purwantoro
Published: August 2024

Abstinence is a type of verbal discipline that is used as a foundation for achieving social welfare by the majority of the Malay community. This research will look into Malay abstinence ethics. Nine previous journal articles were analyzed and presented in a meta-analysis study, revealing Malay ethics in abstinence. Meta-analysis is the study of a number of previous research results on similar problem topics in order to determine the results and conclusions of previous research. Purposive sampling was used to select research based on criteria such as suitability for the research topic discussed, articles published between 2012 and 2022, and articles published in accredited journals. To determine the outcomes of previous studies' narrative research, quantitative data analysis with percentages and qualitative data analysis were used. According to the study's findings, Malay ethics can be achieved by implementing abstinence in everyday life based on the problems encountered, because abstinence varies in various fields of life such as religion, education, custom, economy, and health.
Removal of sulphur and nitrogen compounds from model fuel by adsorption of modified activated carbon
Authors: Joseph Collin Glen , Selvam Narrisma Wengda , Anisuzzaman S. M.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to achieve the highest percentage removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT), quinoline (QUI), and indole (IND) adsorbed by double-impregnated modified activated carbon (MAC). Modification of commercial activated carbon (AC) by sulphuric acid (H2SO4) of 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, and 75% w/v followed by subsequent 1 zinc chloride (ZnCl2): 1 AC impregnation ratio and activated at 500 oC in a muffle furnace under self-generated atmosphere for an hour. The determination of optimized MAC was identified through the highest removal rate of DBT, QUI, and IND from adsorption experiments which were analysed using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. It was found that DBT and IND showed a removal high percentage of up to 86.23% and 82.77% respectively by using 75% H2SO4 with ZnCl2 MAC. Meanwhile, QUI favoured 30% H2SO4 with ZnCl2 MAC with a removal percentage of 33.17% which was still higher than unmodified AC. Physical and chemical properties such as the morphological structure, elemental analysis, porosity, pore size, surface functional group, percentage yield, pH, bulk density, content, ash content, and iodine number were studied for the optimized MAC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the MAC. Both MACs showed high percentage yields of 72.08% and 71.13% for 30% and 75% H2SO4 and ZnCl2 MAC respectively. Meanwhile, the pH was between the ranges of 5.36-5.53 for both MACs. Bulk densities were also favourable while the moisture and ash content were within acceptable limits. Iodine numbers for 30% and 75% H2SO4 and ZnCl2 MAC were 857 and 861 mg/g respectively, hence indicating that the MAC achieved high porosity and good adsorption performance. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm models as well as pseudo-first order (PFO) and pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetic models were considered for understanding the adsorption mechanisms. The study revealed that DBT, QUI, and IND removal processes, followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model with correlation coefficients, R2 of 0.9905, 0.9791, and 0.9964 respectively. Moreover, the adsorption kinetic data of DBT, QUI, and IND provided a better fitting to the PSO kinetic model with R2 of 0.9992, 0.9987, and 0.9998 respectively. According to the Langmuir isotherm model and PSO kinetic model, the adsorption mechanisms of DBT QUI and IND were chemisorbed under monolayer formations.
Assessment of variation for leaf parameters among different sources of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.)Wight &Arn. in Uttara Kannada district of Western Ghats
Authors: NITINKUMAR B. , HANUMANTHA M.
Published: August 2024

Terminalia arjuna is one of the medicinally important native tree species of India and Sri Lanka and well knownfor its superlative cardio-protective properties. As bark is the most economical part of the tree, only a handful of informationis available on leaves, but leaves act as good morphological markers to assess morphometric superiority of the trees. Presentinvestigation was carried out to study variation of quantitative and qualitative parameters of leaf in four different girthclasses (G1: 0-50 cm, G2: 50-100 cm, G3: 100-150 cm and G4: >150 cm) of four different sources of Uttara Kannada district{Hosakambi (S1), Manchikeri (S2), Yellapura (S3), and Mundgod (S4)}. Significant variation was observed in quantitativeleaf parameters i.e., leaf length, leaf width and leaf area; among the sources highest leaf length (15.10 cm), leaf width (4.80cm) and leaf area (70.90 cm2) was recorded for the trees of Hosakambi source (S1). Among the girth classes, highest leaflength (17.00 cm), leaf width (5.10 cm) and leaf area (81.70 cm2) was recorded for leaves of G1 girth class. Significantvariation was observed in qualitative leaf parameters i.e., leaf shape, leaf tip shape and leaf margin. Among the sources, moreoblong (38.33%) and elliptical (38.33%) shaped leaves; more leaves with crenate-serrate margin (76.67%) were recorded inMundgod source (S4). Whereas, Hosakambi (S1) source recorded more number of leaves with sub-acute leaf tip (56.67%).Overall, among the sources and girth classes, more number of trees exhibited elliptical shaped leaves (38.00%), more numberof leaves with crenate-serrate (72.00%) margin and higher proportion of sub-acute (53.00%) leaf tip shapes. The currentstudy revealed that the leaf parameters are reliable morphological characters to study the source variation.
Growth and yield response of strawberry cultivars under northern transitional tract of Karnataka
Authors: BAI J.M. KOUSALYA , BIRADAR M.S. , SHASHIDHAR T.R. , SALAKINKOP S.R.
Published: August 2024

A research trial was carried out in the experimental field at Hi-Tech Horticulture Unit, Main AgriculturalResearch Station, University of Agricultural Scienes, Dharwad during rabi season of 2021-22 to evaluate the performanceof strawberry cultivars for the Northern transitional tract of Karnataka. The results revealed that cultivar Winter Dawnproduced higher vegetative growth with higher plant height, number of leaves, plant spread, leaf area, number of crowns andrunners per plant while the minimum was in cultivar Sweet Ann. Early flowering and fruiting was observed by FloridaBeauty and Winter Dawn respectively whereas Pircinque was too late in flowering. Maximum number of flowers and fruitsper plant was recorded in cultivar Winter Dawn and Brilliance, respectively. Larger and higher fruit weight having maximumduration of harvesting was observed in Winter Dawn while highest number of pickings was obtained in Brilliance. Highestfruit yield per plant was recorded in Winter Dawn which was on par with Brilliance
Factors influencing personality traits of rural and urban college students
Authors: BAMA SATHYA , MUKTAMATH VINUTHA U
Published: August 2024

Personality is defined as the characteristics of behaviors, emotional patterns and cognitions that progress fromenvironmental and biological factors. The present study was conducted in Dharwad with an objective to study the factorsinfluencing personality factors of rural and urban college students. The total sample comprised of 215 science degree collegestudents including 115 from urban and 100 from rural Dharwad in the age range of 18-21 years. General informationschedule and socio economic status scale were used to gather the personal information and Socio-economic status of thestudents. Personality factors of the college students were assessed by using the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and intelligencewas measured using Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM). Results revealed that majority of the students hadhigh level of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, average level of emotional stability and openness to experience.Both males and females scored better on agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experienceand most of them were in average range. Ordinal position had significant relationship with agreeableness and emotionalstability. Intelligence was significantly related to extroversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience. Type offamily had significant relationship with extroversion, agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience. SESwas significantly related to agreeableness factor. Locality was significantly related to agreeableness, conscientiousness,emotional stability and openness to experience. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that various familial andpersonal factors play major role in deciding the personality of the college students
System analysis of browntop millet based intercropping system in vertisols under rainfed condition
Authors: DARSHAN H.P. , MANSUR CHIDANAD P. , SHIVAMURTHY D. , NEELAKANTH J.K.
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad during kharif season,2021-22 to analyze the browntop millet intercropping system with legumes. The experiment was laid out in randomizedcomplete block design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. Among thirteen treatments the browntop millet wasintercropped with groundnut, soybean, green gram and black gram in 4:2 and 2:1 row ratio and remaining treatments wereindividual sole crops. Sole browntop millet was recorded significantly higher grain yield (973.61 ka ha-1), whereas, amongthe different intercropping systems 4:2 row proportion of browntop millet + groundnut was recorded numerically highergrain yield (674.31 kg ha-1). Significantly higher browntop millet equivalent yield (BMEY) was recorded in sole groundnut(3689 kg ha-1), whereas, among the different intercropping system browntop millet + groundnut (4:2) was recordednumerically higher BMEY (2326 kg ha-1). Browntop millet + black gram at 4:2 row proportion was recorded numericallyhigher value of land equivalent ratio, area time equivalent ratio and system productivity index (1.192, 1.13 and 1159.49,respecitvely). Browntop millet was shown negative trend with respect to agrressivity. Significantly higher value of relativecrowding coefficient was recorded with browntop millet + groundnut with 4:2 row ratio (18.12). Sole groundnut wasrecorded significantly higher gross returns, net returns and benefit cost ratio ( `1,13,438, `72,934 ha-1 and 2.80, respectively).However, among the different intercropping systems browntop millet + groundnut at 4:2 row proportion was recordednumerically higher gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio ( `72,397 ha-1, `37,971 ha-1 and 2.10, respectively).
Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to soil and foliar application of boron in a vertisol
Authors: PREMALATHA J.R. , VIDYAVATHI G.Y. , PUNITHA B.C. , KUMAR B.H.PRASANNA
Published: August 2024

A field investigation was performed to know the response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to soil and foliarapplication of boron in a vertisol during rabi 2022 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.The experiment was laid out under RCBD design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments included wereabsolute control, RPP, soil (1, 1.5 and 2 kg ha-1) and foliar application (0.1% and 0.2%) of boron and their combinations. Theresults revealed that a significant higher seed yield of 1603 kg ha-1 and haulm yield (3491 kg ha-1)was recorded with RPP + soilapplication of boron @ 2 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of boron @ 0.2% along with significantly increase in plant height, number ofbranches per plant, dry matter production, number of capitulum plant-1, weight of capitulum per plant and test weight. Atharvest, soil available N, P, K, S and B were also higher in the above said treatment. However, benefit cost ratio was found tobe higher in treatment which received soil application of boron @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of boron @ 0.1% along
Management of cotton boll rot complex through fungicides and bioagents
Authors: NANDA M. , KULKARNI V. R.
Published: August 2024

Boll rot complex is one of the major diseases of cotton which is responsible for loss of yield and quality. Anexperiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad farm, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwadduring kharif 2017 under rainfed conditions to know the efficacy of 7 fungicides and 2 bioagents for managing boll rotcomplex of cotton. Two control plots viz., one with the insecticide spray alone and the other with no spray weremaintained. The experiment was laid out in replicated trial of randomized block with 11 treatments. The study revealed thatamong the treatments evaluated, trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% WG at the rate of 1.0 g/ lit (8.97 PDI), pyraclostrobin5% + metiram 55% WG at the rate of 3.5 g/ lit (11.37 PDI) and tebuconazole 25.9% EC at the rate of 1.0 ml/ lit (12.69 PDI)were found very effective against the disease as they reduced the severity of the disease and enhanced the yield. Maximumyield of 14.11 q/ ha was recorded in the plots treated with trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% WG at the rate of1.0 g/ lit. Spray of biocontrol agents also reduced the severity of disease and increased the yield significantly over thecontrol. Tebuconazole 25.9% EC at the rate of 1.0 ml/ lit was found economical with the highest B: C ratio of 1.52:1.However, trifloxystrobin+ tebuconazole (1.43:1) and pyraclostrobin+ metiram (1.43: 1) may be recommended as thecomponents in integrated disease management of cotton, as the combi products are broadspectrum and can take care ofother foliar diseases of Bt cotton than the solo products like tebuconazole alone
Population dynamics of major insect pests and their natural enemies in brinjal ecosystem
Authors: PRASHANTH G. , SUNITHA N.D. , CHAVAN S.S.
Published: August 2024

The field experiment was carried out at College of Agriculture, Vijayapura to study population dynamics of majorinsect pests and their natural enemies in brinjal ecosystem. The present study revealed that peak activity of sucking pestviz., aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), leafhoppers (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida) and white flies (Bemesia tabaciGennadius) was during 9th, 5th and 13th standard meteorological week (SMW) respectively. Per cent shoot damage byLeucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) was peak during 3rd SMW (51.72% shoot damage) and minimum incidence (1.26%) wasobserved during 10th SMW. Per cent fruit damage was maximum during 13th SMW (58.49%) and minimum (16.8%) during4th SMW. The coccinellid population was substantially associated with the aphid population. During 9th SMW, populationwas at its peak (3.62 adults/ grub/plant), whereas, least activity of coccinellid was noticed during 13th SMW (0.13 adult/grub/plant). The correlation studies indicated that, maximum temperature had significant positive correlation with per centfruit damage, leaf hoppers, aphids and white flies (r= 0.961**, 0.682**, 0.725** and 0.933** respectively) and non-significantly negatively correlated with per cent shoot damage (r=-0.362NS). Morning relative humidity showed significantnegative correlation with per cent fruit damage, leaf hoppers, aphids and white flies (r= -0.879**, -0.789**, -0.883** and-0.887**, respectively). Evening relative humidity showed significant negative correlation with per cent fruit damage, leafhoppers, aphids and white flies (r= -0.845**, -0.940**, -0.922** and -0.921**). The correlation of aphids, leaf hoppers,white flies and per cent shoot damage with sunshine duration was positive and significant (r=0.677**,0.750**, 0.473*and0.549* respectively). Per cent fruit damage had shown positive and non-significant correlation with sunshine duration(0.338NS). Rainfall showed negative and significant correlation with aphids, leaf hoppers, white flies (r= - 0.500*, -0.565**, -0.461*) and non-significantly negatively correlated with per cent shoot damage and per cent fruit damage (-0.360NS and - 0.340NS).
Efficacy of chemical insecticides against pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae (Passerini)(Homoptera: Aphididae) in northern dry region during Ambe bahar
Authors: MARADI RAMESH M , JAGGINAVAR S.B. , MALLAPURA C.P. , HIREMATH S.M. , JAMADAR M.M.
Published: August 2024

The pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pestsin Karnataka on pomegranate tree. The study presented in this paper was conducted during 2020 to compare the efûcacyand selectivity of chemical insecticides (imidacloprid 17.8 SL, flonicamid 50 WG, acetamiprid 20 SP, thiamethoxam 25 WG,clothianidin 50 WDG and fipronil 5 SC) against A. punicae. The results revealed that the selected insecticides were effectivein reducing the aphids population over untreated control. Among the different insecticides tested, highest per cent reductionof 87.48% was recorded in imidacloprid 17.8 SL followed by flonicamid 50 WG (85.00%), acetamiprid 20 SP (80.52%) andthiamethoxam 25 WG (78.86%). Whereas, the lowest of 63.01 per cent reduction of aphid was recorded in dimethoate 30EC treated plot
Predominance and prevalence of Fusarium head blight ofwheat in northern parts of Karnataka
Authors: DEVAIAH MEGHASREE , HEGDE GURUDATT  M. , PATIL P.V. , UDAY G.
Published: August 2024

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. Epidemics of FHB disease aresporadic globally and have caused havocs due to the reduction in the yields and production of mycotoxins. Among the manyspecies involved in the complex, Fusarium poae is reported as the causal organism in northern parts of Karnataka.However, the incidence and severity of FHB as well as the causal Fusarium speciesare reported to vary among geographicalregions and years due to variation in climatic and weather conditions and cropping practices. A survey was conducted duringrabi 2021-22 to record the incidence and severity of Fusarium head blight of wheat in major wheat growing regions ofnorthern parts of Karnataka viz., Dharwad, Bagalkote and Belagavi districts. The maximum FHB index was recorded inBelagavi district (12.20%) followed by Bagalkote district (11.89%) and the lowest FHB index was observed in Dharwad district(6.05 %). The maize-wheat sequential cropping system exhibited higher incidence and severity of the disease. The wheat sownduring first fortnight of October and second fortnight of November recorded the maximum Fusarium head blight index
Genetic variability and correlation studies of different rice (Oryza sativa L.)genotypes under aerobic condition
Authors: QUADRI SYED SHA   TAHER , N SHASHIDHARA , REDDY UDAY G , LAMANI KUMAR D
Published: August 2024

Nineteen rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes along with two checks were evaluated for yield and its attributingtraits under aerobic condition to study genetic variability parameters and correlation among its component traits duringkharif 2021 by taking mean values of characters across six environments under aerobic condition. For all of the yield andyield contributing traits, variance tests revealed incredibly substantial significant differences between all of the rice(Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for all the characters studied, indicating the presence of a variable amount of genetic variability.High values of GCV and PCV were observed for the characters viz., number of panicles sqm-1, grain yield plant-1, numberof productive tillers panicle-1, grain breadth (mm) indicating huge amount of variation within these characters. ModerateGCV and PCV values were observed for the characters viz., plant height, number of tillers bearing panicle, L/B ratio,biomass and grain length indicating moderate genetic variability within these characters. High GCV and PCV values coupledwith high heritability and high genetic advance over mean were observed for the characters viz., number of panicles sqm-1,grain yield plant-1, number of productive tillers panicle-1indicating the lesser influence of environment on the expression ofthese characters and are also governed by additive genes which provides perfect criteria for selection of these characters forfurther improvement. Correlation studies suggests the characters viz., panicle length, number of panicles sqm-1, grain yieldplant-1, number of productive tillers panicle-1, grain breadth (mm), grain breadth, L/B ratio, test weight, biomass and spikeletfertility had significant and positive correlation with grain yield indicating indirect selection of these characters could beperfect criteria for the genetic improvement of particular genotype during breeding programme.
Survey and surveillance of soybean pink pod borer, Cydia ptychora (Meyrick) in northern Karnataka
Authors: ATTAR SURAIYA  A , R CHANNAKESHAVA , SUGANDI ROHINI , G SOMANAGOUDA
Published: August 2024

Roving survey was undertaken in three districts of northern Karnataka viz., Dharwad, Belagavi and Haveri toknow the incidence pattern of pink pod borer, Cydia ptychora during kharif 2021. The highest larval incidence was observedin Dharwad district (4.12 larvae/5 plants) followed by Belagavi district (3.92 larvae/5 plants) and the lowest incidence wasrecorded in Haveri district (1.19 larvae/5 plants). The maximum number coccinellids and chrysopids were observed inBelagavi (0.71 and 0.41 adults/plant) and lowest population was recorded in Haveri (0.50 and 0.17 adults/plants). Fixedplot survey was conducted during kharif 2021 at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences,Dharwad. The incidence of pink pod borer on soybean was noticed from 32nd Meteorological Standard Week (MSW) andcontinued till 40th MSW. The larval population in JS 335 variety ranged from 0.99 to 13.02 larvae/5 plants. The incidence ofnatural enemies were found from 32nd MSW onwards and the mean number of coccinellids (Cheilomenes sexmaculata andIlleis sp.) and chrysopids (Chrysoperla carnea) observed were 0.59 and 0.33 per plant, respectively
Economic analysis of horticulture nursery enterprises in Koppal district of Karnataka
Authors: . SHWETANJALI , TEVARI PRABHULING , K SURESH , BEERALADINNI DEVENDRA , KAMMAR SHIVANAND
Published: August 2024

Nursery is a place where plants are grown, nurtured and sold out. In current scenario nursery raising is the mostbenefited sector, because it needs small area and short time to generate more income. The Koppal district was purposelyselected as it occupies prime place in the nursery raising of horticultural crop in the region. The primary data was collectedfrom 30 nursery owners in the study area. The present study aims to analyze the costs and returns of nursery enterprisesin Koppal district of Karnataka state. The findings of the study revealed that, the costs involved in the production ofseedlings was `2,64,840.43 and `6,20,071.01 in small and large sized shade net house, respectively. Of which, variablecost and fixed costs constituted `2,42,111.04 and `22,729.39 in small sized and `5,69,347 and `50,724.01 in large sizedshade net house, respectively. The financial feasibility analysis indicated net present worth of `1,73,128 and `2,87,789with a discounted benefit cost ratio of 2.29 and 2.40 and payback period was estimated to be 1.05 and 1.07 years and theIRR generated in the nursery enterprise was found to be 28 and 30 percent for small and large nurserieswhich is higher thanthe prevailing interest rate. According to the study, the ratio of variable costs has a higher share compared to that of fixed costsand also this business has vast potentials of generating employment and income of the owners in rural areas of Koppal district
Assessment of variability of Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc) germplasmlines for morphological and physiological traits
Authors: M KARTHIK , WADEYAR BANGAREMMA , C D SOREGAON , V H ASHWATHAMA
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted to assess the mean, range and variance of various morphological and physiologicaltraits.The total of 108 horse gram germplasm lines along with checks (GPM-6,CRIDA-18R,CRHG-4) were grown inaugmented block design during kharif 2021-22 at the College of Agriculture,Vijayapur. Analysis of variance revealed that themean sum of squares attributable to germplasm lines vs checks were significant for all the traits except seed yield per plant,fodder yield per plant, test weight and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading at 30 and 60 days.The mean and range of horsegramgerm plasm lines for different characters like days to 50 percent flowering was 78.34 days and 58.00-87.48 days, respectivelyand for other traits like days to maturity was (147.83 days and119.14 days to171.81days), plant height (29.36cm and10.28to 42.70 cm), number of pods per plant (28.58 and 17.02 to 41.02), number of seeds per pod (4.52 and 3.29 to 6.02), testweight (3.69 g and 2.26 - 4.61g), fodder yield per plant (8.24 g and 4.02 to10.98 g), seed yield per plant (4.38g and 2.33g(CG-Kulthi) to 7.67g (GPM-19) and some of physiological traits like specific leaf weight (3.41mg/cm2and1.18-5.90mg/cm2),leaf area index which ranged from 1.13 to 5.54 with mean of 2.96. The range of genotypic variance and phenotypicvariance for seed yield and yield attributing traits was 0.04 to 56372.89,0.08 to 67584.39, while the magnitude of genotypicvariance and phenotypic variance was maximum for seed yield (56372.89 and 67584.39, respectively) and the range ofgenotypic variance and phenotypic variance for physiological traits was 0.28 to 64.80, 0.44 to100.30,the maximumgenotypic variance and phenotypic variance was recorded in seed yield (64.80 and 100.30, respectively).
Leaf morphometric variation among the different natural sources ofCinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. in Uttara Kannada district
Authors: MANOHARAN SOURAV , M HANUMANTHA
Published: August 2024

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume., native to Sri Lanka and the West coast region of India, belongs to the familyLauraceae.True cinnamon leaves are valuable NTFP and also used for the commercial extraction of essential oil. Theprotogynous dichogamy of the cinnamon flower is a natural adaptation for cross-pollination. An enormous diversity ofCinnamon has been produced by this special type of pollination behaviour. Thus, the current study aimed to determine theextent of morphological variation within and among the sources. The study was conducted during the period of 2020-22 atthe various sites in the Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka. Sixty phenotypically superior cinnamon trees were selectedamong the six different natural sources, for the evaluation of five leaf morphometric parameters. In this study, the dark greencoloured leaves were predominately expressed in all six sources and all tree had only green coloured petiole. Five types ofleaf shape viz., elliptic, oblong, ovate, ovate-elliptic and ovate lanceolate and four types of leaf apex (acuminate, acute, sub-acute and obtuse) were noticed among the six sources. Elliptic leaf shape and acuminate leaf tip was predominantlyexpressed. Leaf morphometric traits could be easily used to measure the magnitude of the diversity
Fodder productivity and economics of berseem cultivation as influenced by varieties,row spacing and nutrient levels in transitional tract of peninsular India
Authors: B S VIDYASHREE , V S KUBSAD , B G SHIVAKUMAR , G K ANIL   KUMAR , HEBBARA MANJUNATHA
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22 under irrigated conditions on redsandy loamy soil to study the fodder productivity and economics of berseem as influenced by varieties, row spacing andnutrient levels. The treatments comprised of three varieties viz., ‘Vardhan’, ‘BB 2’ and ‘BB 3’; two row spacings viz., 30and 45 cm; and three nutrient levels viz., 75%, 100% and 125% of RDF. The results indicated that variety ‘BB 2’ recordedsignificantly higher green fodder (19.20 t ha-1), dry fodder (2.67 t ha-1) yield and net returns (`34763 ha-1) as compared to‘BB3’ and ‘Vardhan’. The sowing of beerseen in 45cm row spacing being on par with 30cm row spacing recorded highergreen fodder (17.41 t ha-1), dry fodder (2.43 t ha-1) yield and net returns (`29395 ha-1). Among the nutrient levels,application of 125% of RDF recorded significantly higher green fodder (18.96 t ha-1), dry fodder (2.66 t ha-1) yield and netreturns (` 32345 ha-1). The combination of berseem variety ‘BB 2’ with 125% of RDF at 45 cm row spacing recorded highergreen fodder (22.18 t ha-1), dry fodder (3.07 t ha-1) yield and net returns (`42005 ha-1) as compared to other treatmentcombinations.
In vitro evaluation of seed dressing fungicides against seed borne diseases ofBt cotton by paper towel method
Authors: . GANGADHAR , R KULKARNI V , S L RAO M , M D AKBAR S
Published: August 2024

The research experiment was conducted in laboratory during 2020 to test the efficacy of different seed dressingfungicides against seed borne fungal infections in Bt cotton (DCH-32) by using paper towel method. The results of theexperiment revealed the least per cent seed infection of 9.33 per cent was noticed in seed treatment with carboxin 37.5% WS+ thiram 37.5% WS @ 2 g/ kg of seed and next best treatment was seed treatment with penflufen 13.28% w/w FS +trifloxystrobin 13.28% w/w FS @ 2 g/ kg of seed with seed infection of 12 per cent as compare to control with per cent seedinfection of 32.67
Integrated weed management in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
Authors: GAJENDRA K. R. , NOOLI S. S. , NADAGOUDA B. T. , VIDYAVATHI G. Y.
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated weed management on growth and yield of soybean at Agricultural Research Station, Hukkeri, Belagavi, during kharif, 2022. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments comprising of 8 pre-emergence herbicides (Sulfentrazone + Clomazone, Sulfentrazone + Metolachlor, Metolachlor, Metribuzin, Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr, Flumioxazin, Pendimethalin, Diclosulam) and they were tested along with one intercultivation operation. Among the herbicidal treatments, application of Sulfentrazone 28% + Clomazone 30% WP (350 + 375 g a.i ha-1) RM @ 1250 g ha-1 as PE followed by one inter cultivation at 35 DAS recorded significantly lower weed density (2.27 m-2), dry weight of weeds (2.42 g m- 2) and higher weed control efficiency (88%) for total weeds at 15 days after herbicide application (DAHA) with lower weed index (5.30%). It also recorded higher plant height (53.89 cm), number of branches (7.75 plant-1), total dry matter production (16.80 g plant-1), seed yield (2413 kg ha-1), gross returns (`115824 ha-1), net returns (`70887 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.58). The lower seed yield, net returns and benefit cost ratio was recorded with Metribuzin 70% WP (0.35 kg a.i. ha-1) @ 500 g ha-1 as PE followed by one inter cultivation at 35 DAS due to phytotoxicity of Metribuzin on soybean. Seed quality was not influenced by herbicidal treatments.
Integrated weed management in rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under rainfed conditions
Authors: ANJU H. U. , NANDAGAVI R. A. , PATIL S. B. , SHIRAHATTI M. S.
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of weed management on growth and yield of grain sorghum at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Vijayapura during rabi 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and comprised eleven treatments. These treatments included five preemergence herbicide treatments (Atrazine @1000 g a.i. ha-1, Metribuzin @ 350 and 700 g a.i. ha-1, Metolachlor @ 750 and 1500 g a.i. ha-1) followed by two intercultivation at 30 & 60 DAS, as well as four post-emergent herbicide treatments (Metribuzin @ 350 and 700 g a.i. ha-1, Mesotrione + Atrazine (RM) @ 550 and 825 g a.i. ha-1) followed by one intercultivation at 60 DAS. These nine herbicide treatments were compared to a weedy check and a weed free check. The experimental results showed that weed free condition recorded minimal weed infestation, better crop growth, higher yield and economical returns. Among the herbicidal treatments, application of Metolachlor 50EC @ 1500 g a.i. ha-1as pre-emergence followed by two intercultivations at 30 and 60 DAS recorded significantly lower weed count (1.67 m-2), weed biomass (4.67 g m-2) and higher weed control efficiency (92%) for total weeds at 60 DAS, with a reduced weed index of 7.21%. Additionally, this treatment led to significantly higher grain yield (1389 kg ha-1), stover yield (3031 kg ha-1), gross returns (`73,759 ha-1), net returns (`40,968 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.25). In contrast, the weedy check treatment resulted in lower grain yield, net returns, and benefit cost ratio.
Inventory study of ethno-medicinal herbs, shrubs and climbers from Terakanahalli reserve forest area of Sirsi taluka, Karnataka, India
Authors: MAJGE SATISH , AHMED MD. MUDASSIR , NINGAYYA K. , UPADHYA VINAYAK
Published: August 2024

Enlisting of plant species from the different regions is a continuous and important process in understanding the changes occurring in floral composition over a period of time. Present study enumerated a total of 60 medicinal species of herbs, shrubs and climbers belonging to 34 families from Teraknahalli Reserve Forest area. The plants belong to diverse families with Apocynaceae, Fabaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Rubiaceae, and Solanceae were top five families contributing a sum of 23 species. This shows the richness in species diversity of the present study area. The documented plants have diverse medicinal usage. Total 25 medicinal species were regarded under different Rare Endemic Threatened categories by FRLHT, Bengaluru and IUCN. The study area is under great pressure because of human interference. The reserve forest needs proper management and conservation practices to improve the floral and faunal diversity of the area.
Estimating the clonal multiplication potential of different bamboo species through branch mini-cutting
Authors: SHETTY PRACHEEKA J. , VASUDEVA R.
Published: August 2024

Assessing the efficiency of nodal cutting in clonal propagation is crucial for understanding how bamboo culms can be effectively propagated through branch mini cutting. This capability varies across various bamboo species. Enhancing the quantity of mini-cuttings from branches can enhance the clonal propagation of bamboo, ultimately resulting in a greater production of propagated material.The potential of mini-cuttings from branches on various aspects were evaluated based on data gathered from published sources. The study was conducted in twelve bamboo species i.e.Bambusa vulgaris (green), Dendrocalamus brandisii, Bambusa balcooa, Guadua angustifolia, Bambusa vulgaris (yellow), Bambusa nutans, Bambusa multiplex (green), Bambusa multiplex (yellow), Dinchloa compactiflora, Ochlandra scriptoria, Dendrocalamus stocksii, Guadua parvifolia.The divergence in branch mini-cutting potential among these bamboo species is quite striking. Bambusa vulgaris (Green) exhibited maximum potential up to 1,76,400 branch mini-cuttings per clump per year. Close behind is Dendrocalamus brandisii, with a noteworthy yield of 70,818 mini-cuttings, In stark contrast, Guaduaparvifolia lags behind with the lowest branch mini-cutting yield, offering a mere 6,240 mini-cuttings per clump per year. This variation in branch mini-cutting potential emphasizes the importance of species selection in bamboo clonal propagation.
Investigations on magnitude and symptomatology of newly invasive leaf spot and tip blight of Nandi (Lagerstroemia lanceolata Wall.)
Authors: KUMAR K. H. SACHIN , SURYANARAYANA V.
Published: August 2024

Leaf spot and tip blight of Lagerstroemia lanceolata, two new invasive foliar diseases pose a serious threat to the quality planting stock production. Investigations were done in three eco-climatic zones of Canara circle (i.e., plain, hilly and coastal of Uttara Kannada district) revealed the incidence positivity of both the diseases in all nine nurseries surveyed. Maximum mean leaf spot incidence was in hilly zone (DI- 85.46%; PDI- 69.55) and coastal zone had highest tip blight (DI- 76.71; PDI- 59.49). The leaf spot disease induced seedling mortality was dominated by Kyadagi nursery in hilly zone (32.37%) and Sharavathi nursery (coastal zone) for tip blight disease (37.21%). The distinct leaf symptoms were red circular spots covered by a yellow halo. Similarly, tip blight showed white cottony growth on lower and corresponding yellow symptoms on upper leaf lamina.
Impact of seasons on genetic variability parameters in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Authors: SPOORTHI B. , NAIDU G. K. , DESHPANDE S. K. , MUMMIGATTI U. V.
Published: August 2024

Soybean being a photoperiod sensitive crop usually grown during kharif season. Due to higher returns from soybean, the farmers are growing even in rabi and summer seasons. Hence, understanding genetic variability during different seasons is essential for undertaking selection during particular season. In this regard, fifteen soybean genotypes were studied at Main Agriculture Research Station, UAS, Dharwad during kharif, rabi and summer. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for physiological, phenological, yield components, yield and quality traits in all the seasons. Higher mean was noted across soybean genotypes for chlorophyll ‘a’, days to maturity, plant height, protein content, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight and seed yield during kharif while for oil content during rabi. Higher range was observed for SCMR, chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and total, days to initiation of flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant during summer. PCV and GCV was high for chlorophyll ‘b’, number of pods per plant, seed yield during rabi and summer. Chlorophyll ‘b’, plant height, number of pods per plant and seed yield have high heritability and GAM in all the seasons indicating the scope for phenotypic selection.
Evaluation of different fungicides against Alternaria solani causing early blight disease of potato under in vitro conditions
Authors: SUREKHA S. R. , KULKARNI VENKATESH R. , RAO M.S.L. , SHASHIDHAR T. R
Published: August 2024

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a widely cultivated starch crop known for its edible underground storage organ, providing essential nutrients globally. Early blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani can lead to significant yield losses in potato crop, reports indicated that average annual yield losses due to early blight range from approximately 50 per cent to 75 per cent of production. Chemical protection have been a prominent approach in controlling early blight. Under in vitro evaluation fungicides, among non-systemic fungicides, mancozeb 75% WP exhibited the highest mean mycelial growth inhibition at 96.25 per cent, followed by thiram 75% WP with a mean mycelial growth inhibition of 92.51 per cent. Among six systemic fungicides evaluated, hexaconazole 5% EC and tebuconazole 25.9% EC recorded cent per cent mycelial growth inhibition at all four concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15%) tested which were significantly superior over rest of fungicides followed by difenconazole 25% EC. Among seven combi product fungicide tested, (captan 70% + hexaconazole 5%) 75% WP showed the mycelial growth inhibition of 100 per cent at all three concentrations tested, significantly over other combi-product fungicides.
In vitro bioefficacy of fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri causing chickpea wilt
Authors: ASHWINI S. , RAO M. S. L. , PATIL B. S. , ASHTAPUTRE S. A. , NAYAK SPURTHI N.
Published: August 2024

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) holds significant importance as a pulse crop cultivated throughout India. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, the causal agent of chickpea wilt, stands as a major affliction in northern Karnataka. This disease is transmitted via soil and seeds, with abundant pathogenic presence in the soil coupled with favourable environmental conditions leading to plant fatality and subsequent yield depreciation. An experiment was carried out to identify effective fungicides for managing chickpea wilt. Five combinations of fungicides andfive systemic fungicides were tested against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri under laboratory conditions, employing three concentrations for each. Systemic fungicides, specifically carbendazim 50% WP, displayed significant hindrance of mycelial growth, registering 83.61%. Among the combination fungicides, carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50% demonstrated remarkable complete inhibition of mycelial growth.
Population dynamics of pod pest complex of pigeonpea
Authors: HARSHITA H. S. , GUNDANNAVAR K. P. , KAMBREKAR D. N. , YENAGI BASAVARAJ S.
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, to study the population dynamics of pod pest complex of pigeonpea. The observations were recorded at fortnightly intervals starting from flower initiation stage upto the harvest of the crop. The peak activity of gram pod borer (3.63 larvae/plant), spotted pod borer (3.63 larvae/plant) and pod bugs (4.62 bugs/plant)was observed during 50th Standard Meteorological Week. The pod damage caused by Helicoverpa armigera (25.02%) and Maruca vitrata (16.77%) was also highest during 50th Standard Meteorological Week. The maximum pod damage by plume moth (12.02%) was noticed at 52nd Standard Meteorological Week. The 52nd Standard Meteorological Week witnessed highest pod fly population (10.80 maggots / 10 pods), per cent pod damage (27.75%), and per cent seed damage (17.51%).The correlation studies of incidence of pod pest to prevalent weather parameters revealed that, gram pod borer and the spotted pod borer were more prevalent as the minimum temperature rose, but pod fly and pod bugs population increased negatively. There was a negative correlation between the population of all pod pest, including gram pod borer, spotted pod borer, pod bugs and pod fly with maximum relative humidity, minimum relative humidity and rainfall.
Evaluation of different plant products against pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) infesting chickpea under certified organic farming system
Authors: . MEGHA , . SHEKHARAPPA , TIPPANNAVAR P. S. , PATIL C. R. , HEBBARA MANJUNATHA
Published: August 2024

Pest management under organic farming is a challenging task, wherein, ecofriendly approaches against insect pest were accomplished through the use of appropriate strategies which promotes manipulation and alteration of agro-ecosystem. In this view, an experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with JG-11, a chickpea variety sown during rabi of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at certified organic block (certified since 2006), Bio-Resource Farm, Institute of Organic Farming, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The analysis of pooled data for two seasons revealed that, among various plant products evaluated the plots treated with NSKE @ 5% found superior with significantly least larval population of Helicoverpa armigera (0.72 larvae/m row), with minimum per cent defoliation (12.02%) as well as significantly lower pod damage (11.75%) which was followed by Vitex negundo @ 5%. Similarly, statistically higher chickpea yield was noticed under plots sprayed with NSKE @ 5% with (825.40 kg/ha) with B:C ratio (1.77) during 2021-22, and (788.36 kg/ha) with B:C ratio of (1.69) during 2022-23, compared to untreated check with 161.02 kg/ha and 195.77 kg/ha during 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively. However, in comparison with inorganic check, organically treated plots documented, relatively higher population of major natural enemies of chickpea ecosystem such as Campoletis chlorideae and coccinellids which was on par with untreated control.
Comparative bio-efficacy of different insecticides on major sucking pests of Bt-cotton
Authors: HANCHINAL S. G. , RAKHESH S. , MAHANTESH S. T. , ASHIQ I. MAHAMED , NIDAGUNDI J. M. , AJAYKUMAR M. Y. , VIJAYAKUMAR J. S.
Published: August 2024

The field evaluation of various insecticides on major sucking pests of Bt-cotton during the 2022-23 season demonstrated significant reductions in pest occurrence across all treatments compared to the control. However, the efficacy varied depending on the insecticide used. Among all the treatments, Flonicamid 50 WG proved highly effective in managing all the sucking pests by recording lowest incidence of thrips (8.44/ 3 leaves), leaf hopper (5.43/ 3 leaves), aphid (3.64/ 3 leaves) and whitefly (3.29/ 3 leaves) with highest cotton yield (19.41 q/ha), net returns (53,540 `/ha) and B: C ratio (1.85) as compared to all other treatments. In addition, other promising alternatives such as Dinotefuran 20 SG, Spinetoram 11.7 SC, and Diafenthiuron 50 WP for combating thrips, Dinotefuran 20 SG and Spinetoram 11.7 SC for addressing leaf hoppers, and Pyriproxyfen 10 EC, Diafenthiuron 50 WP, and Dinotefuran 20 SG can be utilized for managing aphids and whiteflies in Bt- cotton. Utilizing these findings to optimize the selection and application of insecticides can enable growers to more effectively control pest pressures, thereby enhancing both the productivity and quality of Bt-cotton crops. Overall, Flonicamid 50 WG emerged as the most cost-effective option, underscoring its potential as a key solution for managing sucking pests in Bt-cotton cultivation.