bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial analyticity of solutions for a coupled system of generalized KdV equations
Authors: Atmani A. , Boukarou A. , Benterki D. , Zennir K.
Published: April 2024

We consider the well‐posedness of a coupled system for generalized Korteweg–de Vries (S‐gKdV)

where
and the initial data
are analytic in a strip and then the solutions of S‐gKdV continue to be analytic in a strip the width of which will decrease as time goes to
, by using the standard contraction method in analytic Bourgain space. Besides, we obtain algebraic lower bounds on the decreasing rate of the uniform radius of analyticity of the solutions.
Evaluation of Subjective Tinnitus Severity and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions and Extended High‐Frequency Audiometry
Authors: Tekumalla Sruti , Perlov Natalie M. , Gokhale Saket , Awosanya Samiat , Urdang Zachary D. , Croce Julia , Bixler Anna , Willcox Thomas O. , Chiffer Rebecca C. , Fitzgerald Dennis
Published: April 2024

Objective

Tinnitus is a multifactorial phenomenon with quality‐of‐life detriments for those affected by it. We aim to establish a relationship between subjective tinnitus severity with objective audiometric data in the extended high frequency (EHF) from 9 to 16 khz and with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). We hypothesize that severe subjective tinnitus as measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) does not correlate with increased hearing thresholds in the EHF range.

Study Design

Prospective.

Setting

Single Tertiary Care Center.

Methods

Patients identified with tinnitus and normal hearing thresholds within standard frequency range (250‐8000 Hz) were consented for participation. Those with underlying otologic disease, trauma, radiotherapy, or ototoxic drug use were excluded. The THI questionnaire was given to eligible patients and audiometric test results were collected. THI scores were categorized by severity groups. An n = 20 to 30 was determined to have an effect size of 0.7 with a significance level of P = .05.

Results

THI and audiometric data were collected for 38 patients and categorized into mild (n = 18, 47.4%), moderate (n = 8, 21.1%), slight (n = 7, 18.4%), and severe (n = 5, 13.2%) tinnitus severity groups. Mean THI score was 32.3 ± 19.6 with a statistically significant difference in scores by assigned THI severity group (P < .01). There were no significant differences or linear relationship among hearing thresholds in EHF range or DPOAE stratified by subjective tinnitus group (P = .49, r2 = 0.10)

Conclusion

Subjective tinnitus severity is not predictive of audiometric outcomes. This finding can be used as a counseling tool to help tinnitus patients manage symptoms, expectations, and overall treatment outcomes.
Development and cross‐validation of a circumference‐based predictive equation to estimate body fat in an active population
Authors: Taylor Kathryn M. , Castellani Michael P. , Bartlett P. Matthew , Oliver Tyler. E. , McClung Holly L.
Published: April 2024

Objective

The U.S. Army uses sex‐specific circumference‐based prediction equations to estimate percent body fat (%BF) to evaluate adherence to body composition standards. The equations are periodically evaluated to ensure that they continue to accurately assess %BF in a diverse population. The objective of this study was to develop and validate alternative field expedient equations that may improve upon the current Army Regulation (AR) body fat (%BF) equations.

Methods

Body size and composition were evaluated in a representatively sampled cohort of 1904 active‐duty Soldiers (1261 Males, 643 Females), using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (%BFDXA), and circumferences obtained with 3D imaging and manual measurements. Sex stratified linear prediction equations for %BF were constructed using internal cross validation with %BFDXA as the criterion measure. Prediction equations were evaluated for accuracy and precision using root mean squared error, bias, and intraclass correlations. Equations were externally validated in a convenient sample of 1073 Soldiers.

Results

Three new equations were developed using one to three circumference sites. The predictive values of waist, abdomen, hip circumference, weight and height were evaluated. Changing from a 3‐site model to a 1‐site model had minimal impact on measurements of model accuracy and performance. Male‐specific equations demonstrated larger gains in accuracy, whereas female‐specific equations resulted in minor improvements in accuracy compared to existing AR equations. Equations performed similarly in the second external validation cohort.

Conclusions

The equations developed improved upon the current AR equation while demonstrating robust and consistent results within an external population. The 1‐site waist circumference‐based equation utilized the abdominal measurement, which aligns with associated obesity related health outcomes. This could be used to identify individuals at risk for negative health outcomes for earlier intervention.
On‐demand microwave growth of porosity within a granular composite energetic material: Void formation via a dielectric loss phase change binder additive for propellant burning rate control
Authors: Lajoie Justin A. , Jones Brock , Lawrence Adam R. , Barkley Stuart J. , Sippel Travis R.
Published: April 2024

This study demonstrates, for the first time ever, the ability to grow, in an on‐command fashion, porosity within a granular composite energetic material to effect a change in energy output rate. Specifically, the study investigates the change in burning rates of ammonium perchlorate composite propellants as a result of porosity created in situ via microwave field‐driven volatilization of the low boiling point binder additive, ethylene glycol. Theoretical mass densities were measured before and after microwave irradiation finding that the maximum observed %TMD change for tested propellants is 6 %. Propellants were burned at 1.72 MPa to 6.89 MPa pressures, finding that for all propellants, microwave irradiation produced a change in ballistic characteristics. Most propellant formulations demonstrate acceptable burning rate parameters for use within rocket motors; some exhibited a large change in their pressure exponent as well as slope breaks attributed to the onset of convective burning, while microwave irradiation produced no change in burning rate or density in reference propellants without the additive. Microwave heating simulation results are presented to gain insight into the thermal environment of the propellant during microwave irradiation. These results provide valuable insight into propellant formulations that can have their burning rates (and thus the thrust profile for motor grains) altered after casting via microwave irradiation.
Research Progress on Transport Mechanisms of Materials with Intrinsically High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Song Xuhao , Zhao Yinchang , Dai Zhenhong
Published: April 2024

Finding parent thermoelectric materials with a high figure of merit is a direction that people pursue. However, the interplay and constraints among the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity pose formidable challenges. In this review, the decoupling effect of anisotropic electronic energy band and multi‐valley band structures are initially introduced on the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Subsequently, an overview of how materials with a host‐guest structure enable the coexistence of high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity through unique transport mechanisms is provided. Finally, deliberating on approaches to achieve intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity, encompassing low dimensionality, low phonon group velocities, and substantial anharmonicity. Moreover, a detailed analysis is conducted to dissect the physical mechanisms through which strong higher‐order anharmonicity restricts lattice thermal transport. It is believed that this review serves as a guiding resource for the quest for and design of efficient thermoelectric materials.
Differential graphical games of multiagent systems with nonzero leader's control input and external disturbances
Authors: Huang Guan , Zhang Zhuo , Yan Weisheng , Guo Xinxin
Published: April 2024

In this article, we investigate the problem of differential graphical games for multiagent systems (MASs) with external disturbances. In particular, the system considered in this article allows the leader to have an unknown bounded control input, and the communication topology between agents is allowed to be a weakly restricted structure with only containing a directed spanning tree. We propose a novel dynamic sliding mode control strategy to dispose the presence of leader's nonzero control input and external disturbances. Furthermore, a nominal controller based on the worst‐case control strategies of neighbors is designed to provide a distributed solution for differential graphics games of MASs. Finally, our algorithms are applied to solve multiple unmanned surface vessels games. Simulation studies are provided to test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Easily Prepared Wood–Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon for High–Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yali , Liu Yifeng , Wu Xiaoliang
Published: April 2024

Hierarchical porous carbon exhibits enormous application potential in the field of energy storage. In this paper, we develop a facile method to prepare hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) derived from wood powder and using KMnO4 as the activator. The optimized HPC‐600 samples possess the large specific surface area with hierarchical porous structure and massive oxygen–containing functional groups. The HPC‐600 electrode shows a specific capacitance of 362.7 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a capacitance retention of 101.5 % after 10, 000 cycles. In addition, the assembled HPC‐600//HPC‐600 symmetric supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 18.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 600 W kg−1. This paper provides a new and convenient method for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon for high performance supercapacitor.
TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Inside Ultrafine Ti Tubes with an Aspect Ratio of 2500 for Sensing Needles: The Bubble Effect in a Confined Space
Authors: Zhao Kaiqi , Xie Wei , Tang Rong , Chen Tengyu , Li Li , Liang Jinlin , Sun Lidong
Published: April 2024

Capillary metal tubes have attracted considerable interest for flexible electronics, portable devices, trace sampling, and detection. Tailoring the microstructure and wettability inside the capillary tubes is of paramount importance, yet it presents great difficulty because of the spatial confinement. Here, the coupling effect is revealed between the fluidic and electric field induced by bubble motion in a confined space during anodic oxidation. By controlling the bubble regeneration and flow rate, uniform and superhydrophilic TiO2 nanotube arrays are developed throughout the inner surface of an ultrafine Ti tube with a diameter of 0.4 mm and length of 1000 mm, equivalent to an aspect ratio of 2500 that is the largest value being ever reported. The inner surface of a capillary tube is further coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene layer and explored as a sensing needle for liquid detection in terms of concentration and species. This study provides an innovative approach to tailor the microstructure and wettability in a confined space for functional capillary tubes.
Electrocatalytic Glycerol Upgrading into Glyceric Acid on Ni3Sn Intermetallic Compound
Authors: Lyu Naixin , Chen Yangshen , Guan Anxiang , Wei Ruilin , Yang Chao , Huang Yuhang , Lv Ximeng , Hu Cejun , Kuang Min , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: April 2024

Electrochemical glycerol oxidation features an attractive approach of converting bulk chemicals into high‐value products such as glyceric acid. Nonetheless, to date, the major product selectivity has mostly been limited as low‐value C1 products such as formate, CO, and CO2, due to the fast cleavage of carbon‐carbon (C−C) bonds during electro‐oxidation. Herein, the study develops an atomically ordered Ni3Sn intermetallic compound catalyst, in which Sn atoms with low carbon‐binding and high oxygen‐binding capability allow to tune the adsorption of glycerol oxidation intermediates from multi‐valent carbon binding to mono‐valent carbon binding, as well as enhance *OH binding and subsequent nucleophilic attack. The Ni3Sn electrocatalyst exhibits one of the highest glycerol‐to‐glyceric acid performances, including a high glycerol conversion rate (1199 µmol h–1) and glyceric acid selectivity (62 ± 3%), a long electrochemical stability of > 150 h, and the capability of direct conversion of crude glycerol (85% purity) into glyceric acid. The work features the rational design of highly ordered catalytic sites for tailoring intermediate binding and reaction pathways, thereby facilitating the efficient production of high‐value chemical products.
Averting H+‐Mediated Charge Storage Chemistry Stabilizes the High Output Voltage of LiMn2O4‐Based Aqueous Battery
Authors: Bhadra Abhirup , Swathilakshmi S. , Mittal Uttam , Sharma Neeraj , Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan , Kundu Dipan
Published: April 2024

H+ co‐intercalation chemistry of the cathode is perceived to have damaging consequences on the low‐rate and long‐term cycling of aqueous zinc batteries, which is a critical hindrance to their promise for stationary storage applications. Herein, the thermodynamically competitive H+ storage chemistry of an attractive high‐voltage cathode LiMn2O4 is revealed by employing operando and ex‐situ analytical techniques together with density functional theory‐based calculations. The H+ electrochemistry leads to the previously unforeseen voltage decay with cycling, impacting the available energy density, particularly at lower currents. Based on an in‐depth investigation of the effect of the Li+ to Zn2+ ratio in the electrolyte on the charge storage mechanism, a purely aqueous and low‐salt concentration electrolyte with a tuned Li+/Zn2+ ratio is introduced to subdue the H+‐mediated charge storage kinetically, resulting in a stable voltage output and improved cycling stability at both low and high cathode loadings. Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that repeated H+ intercalation triggers an irreversible phase transformation leading to voltage decay, which is averted by shutting down H+ storage. These findings unveiling the origin and impact of the deleterious H+‐storage, coupled with the practical strategy for its inhibition, will inspire further work toward this under‐explored realm of aqueous battery chemistry.
Study on Microstructure and Properties of Cold Metal Transfer and Pulse Hybrid Welded Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , He Jiahuan , Lu Xuecheng , Bai Yujie , Xu Lianyong , Wu Dongquan , Qu Sicheng , Han Yongdian
Published: April 2024

The investigation focuses on the microstructure, impact toughness, and pitting corrosion resistance of cold metal transfer and pulse hybrid welded joints of unified numbering system (UNS) S32750 duplex stainless steel. The results show that the filler pass exhibits the highest austenite ratio (47.9%), whereas the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) shows the lowest (32.3%). Notably, secondary austenite (γ2) is present in both the backing pass and HAZ, but conspicuously absent in the filler pass, indicating that reheating from subsequent weld pass is a prerequisite for the precipitation of γ2. Additionally, chromium nitride (Cr2N) also precipitates in the HAZ and backing pass. Comparative analysis with the weld metal (WM) and base metal (BM) indicates that the HAZ displays lower impact toughness, primarily attributing to imbalanced phase ratio, coarse ferrite grains and the brittle Cr2N. Owing to the lower austenite content and Cr2N precipitation in the backing pass, its toughness (122.6 J cm−2) is found to be inferior to that of the filler pass (130.1 J cm−2). Furthermore, the HAZ with a lower critical pitting temperature compared to the WM (79.1 °C) and BM (87 °C), and exhibits the worst pitting corrosion resistance due to the abundant precipitation of secondary phases and excessive ferrite with low pitting resistance equivalent number.
Untangling complex ethical issues involving wildlife
Authors: Shotton Justine
Published: April 2024

Reviewed by BVA past president Justine Shotton, head vet for wildlife and exotics, RSPCA.
From pets to parliament: why we chose to shape veterinary policy of the future
Authors: Trees Lord
Published: April 2024

Entering the political arena isn't for everyone, but here the second – and currently only – vet to sit in the House of Lords, Lord Trees, and his parliamentary intern, discuss why contributing to parliamentary business is an exciting and stimulating end and start to their respective careers.
Facile synthesis of licarin A from isoeugenol using Cu ion‐exchanged zeolite Y under mild conditions
Authors: Nguyen Thu Thi Minh , Nguyen Oanh Kim , Nguyen Tu Cam , Vu Tung Duy , Van Dang Long , Le Son Thanh , Van Do Dang
Published: April 2024

This research focused on investigating the selective synthesis of licarin A by oxidation of isoeugenol by employing copper (II) ion‐exchanged Y‐zeolite (xCuY, x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.10) as the catalyst. The xCuY catalyst was synthesized through the capillary impregnation method, enabling the exchange of Cu(II) ions within the porous structure of zeolite Y. The structure of xCuY was thoroughly characterized using various analytical methods, namely, SEM, EDX, XRD, FT‐IR, NH3‐TPD and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. A high yield of licarin A was obtained through isoeugenol selective oxidation using xCuY under modest and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Additionally, the xCuY catalyst exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining its catalytic activity even after being reused at least five times.
Macahuilettiin A, a new isoprenylated flavanone from the leaves of Macaranga hullettii King ex Hook and their antiplasmodial activity
Authors: Saputri Ratih Dewi , Tukiran Tukiran , Wati First Ambar , Purnamasari Amalia Putri , Wardhana Madya Wisnu , Tjahjandarie Tjitjik Srie , Tanjung Mulyadi
Published: April 2024

A new isoprenylated flavanone, macahuilettiin A (1), along with lonchocarpol A (2) and nymphaeol C (3), were isolated from Macaranga hullettii King ex Hook leaves. Their structures were combined by UV, high‐resolution ESI‐TOFMS, 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR spectra analysis. Flavanones 1–3 were assayed for antiplasmodial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, which was carried out using the Trager and Jansen method, showing that the IC50 values for flavanones 1–3 were 0.15, 1.64, and 0.61 µm, respectively, which is classified as high activity.
Yeast Crf1p is an activator with different roles in regulation of target genes
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Mashkoor Muneera , Balamurugan Priya , Grove Anne
Published: April 2024

Under stress conditions, ribosome biogenesis is downregulated. This process requires that expression of ribosomal RNA, ribosomal protein, and ribosome biogenesis genes be controlled in a coordinated fashion. The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) participates in sensing unfavorable conditions to effect the requisite change in gene expression. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, downregulation of ribosomal protein genes involves dissociation of the activator Ifh1p in a process that depends on Utp22p, a protein that also functions in pre‐rRNA processing. Ifh1p has a paralog, Crf1p, which was implicated in communicating mTORC1 inhibition and hence was perceived as a repressor. We focus here on two ribosomal biogenesis genes, encoding Utp22p and the high mobility group protein Hmo1p, both of which are required for communication of mTORC1 inhibition to target genes. Crf1p functions as an activator on these genes as evidenced by reduced mRNA abundance and RNA polymerase II occupancy in a crf1Δ strain. Inhibition of mTORC1 has distinct effects on expression of HMO1 and UTP22; for example, on UTP22, but not on HMO1, the presence of Crf1p promotes the stable depletion of Ifh1p. Our data suggest that Crf1p functions as a weak activator, and that it may be required to prevent re‐binding of Ifh1p to some gene promoters after mTORC1 inhibition in situations when Ifh1p is available. We propose that the inclusion of genes encoding proteins required for mTORC1‐mediated downregulation of ribosomal protein genes in the same regulatory circuit as the ribosomal protein genes serves to optimize transcriptional responses during mTORC1 inhibition.
Corruption and Illegality in Asian Investment Arbitration: The Philippines
Authors: Mondez Thomas Elliot A. , Cruz Jocelyn P.
Published: April 2024

Corruption is deeply rooted in Philippine culture. Much legislation was passed to strengthen the country’s legal frameworks to prosecute corruption cases. However, the abundant local anti-corruption laws have yet to produce the desired results. For most of the latter half of the twentieth century, the Philippines relied on protectionist policies conducive to corruption to shelter its domestic economy from the burgeoning highly competitive international markets. The succeeding adoption of trade liberalization policies enabled the country to attract foreign investments to bolster its economy. Unfortunately, it also exposed investors to the pitfalls of local corruption. The country’s first major investment dispute involving its main international airport was not a pleasant experience. The Philippines is no longer in a bubble. As an active member of the international community, it must adjust its law enforcement efforts, legal systems, treaty practice and business culture to match global anti-corruption standards.
Anti-Corruption Laws and Investment Treaty Arbitration: An Asian Perspective
Authors: Reyes Anselmo , Haechler Till
Published: April 2024

There are multiple international agreements that require states to criminalise corruption. This chapter deals with the effects of such international anti-corruption agreements in the field of investment treaty arbitration. Focus will be placed on Asia. This Asian perspective is pertinent given the continued prevalence of corruption in many Asian jurisdictions, despite their growing economic importance. International agreements on corruption and their implementation in domestic law can have an unintended consequence in the field of investment treaty arbitration. This is because anti-corruption laws can provide states with an effective defence against an arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction. This chapter concludes with a proposal on how this consequence can be tempered by applying to international investment law the more nuanced approach to illegality established in recent common law jurisprudence. The article will be divided into four sections. Section 4.2will survey multilateral and bilateral international agreements on corruption. Section 4.3 will discuss how international agreements on corruption have been implemented in the domestic laws of various Asian jurisdictions. It will consider differences in anti-corruption laws of Asian states and comment on whether such differences give rise to uncertainty as to the scope of corruption crimes. Section 4.4 will look into how host states can use anti-corruption laws as a means of evading the scrutiny by arbitral tribunals of confiscatory conduct. Section 4.5 will argue that the ‘all or nothing’ approach to investments tainted with corruption should be replaced with a balancing approach to illegality.
Corruption and Investment Treaty Arbitration in India
Authors: Ranjan Prabhash
Published: April 2024

There has been a stupendous expansion of investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) cases involving foreign investors challenging sovereign state action as breaches of the investment treaty. This expansion has resulted in a wide range of non-investment concerns being brought before ISDS tribunals. One such non-investment concern is corruption. ISDS tribunals are increasingly required to deal with the allegation that the foreign investor was involved in corrupt activities in the host state while making or working on the investment. Against this global backdrop, this chapter looks at this issue in the Indian context. The chapter studies India’s new investment treaty practice, which has developed in the last few years as a response to a large number of ISDS claims brought against India. India’s new investment treaty practice has provisions aimed at dealing with foreign investors’ corrupt practices, which is a step forward considering that India’s old investment treaties didn’t deal with corruption. However, there’s a need to strengthen these provisions in a manner that would allow the host state to bring counter-claims against foreign investors. The chapter also discusses the case of Devas v. India, where India (mis)handled the issue of the alleged involvement of the investor in corruption.
Handbook of derivative AdS amplitudes
Authors: Bzowski Adam
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In the 2022 study, together with Paul McFadden and Kostas Skenderis, I analyzed tree-level 3- and 4-point Witten diagrams (amplitudes) of scalar operators in anti-de Sitter space in momentum space. This paper constitutes its extension to Witten diagrams with bulk interactions involving spacetime derivatives. In d = 3 boundary dimensions the Witten diagrams involving conformally coupled and massless scalars can be evaluated in closed form. Such cases are of interest in holographic cosmology and correspond to dual operators of conformal dimensions ∆ = 2 and 3 respectively. I present explicit formulae for all such amplitudes and provide a Mathematica package serving as the repository of all the results. I discuss renormalization issues and show that, contrary to the expectation, even finite correlators may acquire non-trivial renormalization effects.
Supersymmetry and the celestial Jacobi identity
Authors: Ball Adam , Spradlin Marcus , Srikant Akshay Yelleshpur , Volovich Anastasia
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this paper we study the simplifying effects of supersymmetry on celestial OPEs at both tree and loop level. We find at tree level that theories with unbroken supersymmetry around a stable vacuum have celestial soft current algebras satisfying the Jacobi identity, and we show at one loop that celestial OPEs in these theories have no double poles.
Fermionic shift symmetries in (anti) de Sitter space
Authors: Bonifacio James , Hinterbichler Kurt
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We study extended shift symmetries that arise for fermionic fields on anti-de Sitter (AdS) space and de Sitter (dS) space for particular values of the mass relative to the curvature scale. We classify these symmetries for general mixed-symmetry fermionic fields in arbitrary dimension and describe how fields with these symmetries arise as the decoupled longitudinal modes of massive fermions as they approach partially massless points. For the particular case of AdS4, we look for non-trivial Lie superalgebras that can underly interacting theories that involve these fields. We study from this perspective the minimal such theory, the Akulov-Volkov theory on AdS4, which is a non-linear theory of a spin-1/2 Goldstino field that describes the spontaneous breaking of $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 1 supersymmetry on AdS4 down to the isometries of AdS4. We show how to write the nonlinear supersymmetry transformation for this theory using the fermionic ambient space formalism. We also study the Lie superalgebras of candidate multi-field examples and rule out the existence of a supersymmetric special galileon on AdS4.
Examining the sensitivity of FASERν to generalized neutrino interactions
Authors: Escrihuela F. J. , Flores L. J. , Miranda O. G. , Rendón Javier , Sánchez-Vélez R.
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We investigate the sensitivity of the FASERν detector, a novel experimental setup at the LHC, to probe and constrain generalized neutrino interactions (GNI). Employing a comprehensive theoretical framework, we model the effects of generalized neutrino interactions on neutrino-nucleon deep inelastic scattering processes within the FASERν detector. By considering all the neutrino channels produced at the LHC, we perform a statistical analysis to determine the sensitivity of FASERν to constrain these interactions. Our results demonstrate that FASERν can place stringent constraints on the GNI effective couplings. Additionally, we study the relation between GNI and a minimal Leptoquark model where the SM is augmented by a singlet Leptoquark with hypercharge 1/3. We have found that the sensitivities for various combinations of the Leptoquark Yukawa couplings are approximately $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1), particularly when considering a Leptoquark mass in the TeV range.
On the two-loop penguin contributions to the Anomalous Dimensions of four-quark operators
Authors: Morell Pol , Virto Javier
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We revisit the Next-to-Leading Order (two-loop) contributions to the Anomalous Dimensions of ∆F = 1 four-quark operators in QCD. We devise a test for anomalous dimensions, that we regard as of general interest, and by means of which we detect a problem in the results available in the literature. Deconstructing the steps leading to the available result, we identify the source of the problem, which is related to the operator known as Q11. We show how to fix the problem and provide the corrected anomalous dimensions. With the insight of our findings, we propose an alternative approach to the one used in the literature which does not suffer from the identified disease, and which confirms our corrected results. We assess the numerical impact of our corrections, which happens to be in the ballpark of 5% in certain entries of the evolution matrix. Our results are important for the correct resummation of Next-to-Leading Logarithms in analyses of physics beyond the Standard Model in ∆F = 1 processes, such as the decays of Kaons and B-mesons.
Going beyond Top EFT
Authors: Lessa André , Sanz Verónica
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We present a new way to interpret Top Standard Model measurements going beyond the SMEFT framework. Instead of the usual paradigm in Top EFT, where the main effects come from tails in momenta distributions, we propose an interpretation in terms of new physics which only shows up at loop-level. The effects of these new states, which can be lighter than required within the SMEFT, appear as distinctive structures at high momenta, but may be suppressed at the tails of distributions. As an illustration of this phenomena, we present the explicit case of a UV model with a $$ \mathcal{Z} $$
Z
2 symmetry, including a Dark Matter candidate and a top-partner. This simple UV model reproduces the main features of this class of signatures, particularly a momentum-dependent form factor with more structure than the SMEFT. As the new states can be lighter than in SMEFT, we explore the interplay between the reinterpretation of direct searches for colored states and Dark Matter, and Top measurements, made by ATLAS and CMS in the differential $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

final state. We also compare our method with what one would expect using the SMEFT reinterpretation, finding that using the full loop information provides a better discriminating power.
Improving new physics searches with diffusion models for event observables and jet constituents
Authors: Sengupta Debajyoti , Leigh Matthew , Raine John Andrew , Klein Samuel , Golling Tobias
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We introduce a new technique called Drapes to enhance the sensitivity in searches for new physics at the LHC. By training diffusion models on side-band data, we show how background templates for the signal region can be generated either directly from noise, or by partially applying the diffusion process to existing data. In the partial diffusion case, data can be drawn from side-band regions, with the inverse diffusion performed for new target conditional values, or from the signal region, preserving the distribution over the conditional property that defines the signal region. We apply this technique to the hunt for resonances using the LHCO di-jet dataset, and achieve state-of-the-art performance for background template generation using high level input features. We also show how Drapes can be applied to low level inputs with jet constituents, reducing the model dependence on the choice of input observables. Using jet constituents we can further improve sensitivity to the signal process, but observe a loss in performance where the signal significance before applying any selection is below 4σ.
Large N Schur index of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM from semiclassical D3 brane
Authors: Beccaria M. , Cabo-Bizet A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We consider the refined Schur superconformal index of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 U(N) SYM and the first term of its giant-graviton expansion, first predicted in arXiv:2001.11667 using indirect superconformal algebra considerations and analytic continuation of fugacities. This correction is the leading non-perturbative correction to the index at large N and we reproduce it from the semiclassical partition function of quantum D3 brane wrapped on S1 × S3 in a twisted modification of the AdS5 × S5 string background, depending on the index R-symmetry fugacity. Our calculation does not exploit directly supersymmetry. It is based on the determination of the partition function of the various bosonic and fermionic fluctuations on the wrapped brane whose action is conformal with specific constant holonomies along thermal cycle. We show how those partition functions may be obtained by adapting the operator counting method of Cardy to the twisted background.
A Diophantine Equation With Powers of Three Consecutive $$k-$$Fibonacci Numbers
Authors: Gómez Carlos A. , Gómez Jhonny C. , Luca Florian
Published: April 2024

Thek–generalized Fibonacci sequence$$\{F_n^{(k)}\}_{n\ge 2-k}$${Fn(k)}n≥2-kis the linear recurrent sequence of orderkwhose firstkterms are$$0, \ldots , 0, 1$$0,…,0,1and each term afterwards is the sum of the precedingkterms. The case$$k=2$$k=2corresponds to the well known Fibonacci sequence$$\{F_n\}_{n\ge 0}$${Fn}n≥0. In this paper we extend the study of the exponential Diophantine equation$$\left( F_{n+1}\right) ^x+\left( F_{n}\right) ^x-\left( F_{n-1}\right) ^x=F_{m}$$Fn+1x+Fnx-Fn-1x=Fmwith terms$$F_r^{(k)}$$Fr(k)instead of$$F_r$$Fr, where$$r\in \{n+1,n,n-1,m\}$$r∈{n+1,n,n-1,m}.
The role of annexins in central nervous system development and disease
Authors: White Zachary B. , Nair Sindhu , Bredel Markus
Published: April 2024

Annexins, a group of Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins, exert diverse roles in neuronal development, normal central nervous system (CNS) functioning, neurological disorders, and CNS tumors. This paper reviews the roles of individual annexins (A1-A13) in these contexts. Annexins possess unique structural and functional features, such as Ca2+-dependent binding to phospholipids, participating in membrane organization, and modulating cell signaling. They are implicated in various CNS processes, including endocytosis, exocytosis, and stabilization of plasma membranes. Annexins exhibit dynamic roles in neuronal development, influencing differentiation, proliferation, and synaptic formation in CNS tissues. Notably, annexins such as ANXA1 and ANXA2 play roles in apoptosis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and depression, involve annexin dysregulation, influencing neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier integrity, and stress responses. Moreover, annexins contribute to the pathogenesis of CNS tumors, either promoting or suppressing tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion. Annexin expression patterns vary across different CNS tumor types, providing potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. This review underscores the multifaceted roles of annexins in the CNS, highlighting their importance in normal functioning, disease progression, and potential therapeutic interventions.
Zweifaches Rezidiv nach endoskopischem Iliopsoas-Release bei Hüfttotalendoprothese
Authors: Greiser Josefa , Banke Ingo J. , Stadelmeier Leo Federico , Willinger Lukas , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Twardy Vanessa
Published: April 2024

Bei einem 49-jährigen Patienten trat 4 Monate nach zementfreier Implantation einer Hüfttotalendoprothese (Hüft-TEP) ein persistierender messerstichartiger Leistenschmerz sowie ein erhöhter Tonus des M. iliopsoas auf. Die klinische Diagnose eines Iliopsoas-Impingements wurde durch eine positive diagnostische Infiltration an den vorderen Pfannenrand bestätigt. Nach endoskopischem Iliopsoas-Release (Trochanter minor) konnte der Patient beschwerdefrei entlassen werden. Zwölf Monate später stellte sich der Patient erneut mit den ihm bekannten Leistenschmerzen vor nach initialer postoperativer Beschwerdefreiheit für 9 Monate. Der klinische Verdacht einer Reinsertion der Iliopsoassehne konnte in einer MARS-MRT (Magnetresonanztomographie metallartefaktreduzierender Sequenz) und schließlich Revisionsendoskopie (Trochanter minor) bestätigt werden. Es erfolgte ein erneutes endoskopisches Iliopsoas-Release. Anschließend berichtete der Patient von einem schlagartigen Verschwinden der Leistenschmerzen. Fünf Jahre nach Revision des Release (darunter 3,5 Jahre Beschwerdefreiheit) wurde ein erneutes Rezidiv diagnostiziert, und der Patient erhielt eine arthroskopische Revision des Re-Release der Iliopsoassehne (Hüftgelenk), nach welchem er eine deutliche Befundbesserung aufwies.
Initiating a Fetal Cardiac Program from Scratch in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Structure, Challenges, and Hopes for Solutions
Authors: Rakha Shaimaa
Published: April 2024

Although fetal cardiac programs are well established in developed countries, establishing an efficient program in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is still considered a significant challenge. Substantial obstacles usually face the initiation of fetal cardiac service from scratch in LMICs. The primary structural frame of a successful fetal cardiac program is described in detail, emphasizing the required team members. The potential challenges for starting fetal cardiac services in LMICs include financial, awareness-related, prenatal obstetric screening, sociocultural, psychosocial, and social support factors. These challenges could be solved by addressing these barriers, such as collecting funds for financial support, raising awareness among families and health care providers, telemedicine, building international health partnerships, modifying training protocols for fetal cardiologists and sonographers, and initiating support groups and social services for families with confirmed fetal cardiac disease. Initiating a successful fetal cardiac program requires multi-aspect structural planning. The challenges for program initiation require diverse efforts, from modified training and promoting awareness of care providers and the community to governmental and nonprofit organizations’ collaborations for proper building and utilization of program resources.
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic removal of organic micropollutants with spent mushroom substrate of Agaricus bisporus
Authors: van Brenk Brigit , Kleijburg Fleur E.L. , Kemperman Antoine J.B. , van der Meer Walter G.J. , Wösten Han A.B.
Published: April 2024

Water bodies are increasingly contaminated with a diversity of organic micropollutants (OMPs). This impacts the quality of ecosystems due to their recalcitrant nature. In this study, we assessed the removal of OMPs by spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and by its aqueous tea extract. Removal of acesulfame K, antipyrine, bentazon, caffeine, carbamazepine, chloridazon, clofibric acid, and N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) by SMS and its tea was between 10 and 90% and 0–26%, respectively, in a 7-day period. Sorption to SMS particles was between 0 and 29%, which can thus not explain the removal difference between SMS and its tea, the latter lacking these particles. Carbamazepine was removed most efficiently by both SMS and its tea. Removal of OMPs (except caffeine) by SMS tea was not affected by heat treatment. By contrast, heat-treatment of SMS reduced OMP removal to < 10% except for carbamazepine with a removal of 90%. These results indicate that OMP removal by SMS and its tea is mediated by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. The presence of copper, manganese, and iron (0.03, 0.88, and 0.33 µg L-1, respectively) as well as H2O2 (1.5 µM) in SMS tea indicated that the Fenton reaction represents (part of) the non-enzymatic activity. Indeed, the in vitro reconstituted Fenton reaction removed OMPs > 50% better than the teas. From these data it is concluded that spent mushroom substrate of the white button mushroom, which is widely available as a waste-stream, can be used to purify water from OMPs.
Alternative splicing analysis of lignocellulose-degrading enzyme genes and enzyme variants in Aspergillus niger
Authors: Xu Yifan , Dong Feiyu , Wang Ruoxin , Ajmal Maria , Liu Xinyu , Lin Hui , Chen Hongge
Published: April 2024

Alternative splicing (AS) greatly expands the protein diversity in eukaryotes. Although AS variants have been frequently reported existing in filamentous fungi, it remains unclear whether lignocellulose-degrading enzyme genes in industrially important fungi undergo AS events. In this work, AS events of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes genes in Aspergillus niger under two carbon sources (glucose and wheat straw) were investigated by RNA-Seq. The results showed that a total of 23 out of the 56 lignocellulose-degrading enzyme genes had AS events and intron retention was the main type of these AS events. The AS variant enzymes from the annotated endo-β-1,4-xylanase F1 gene (xynF1) and the endo-β-1,4-glucanase d gene (eglD), noted as XYNF1-AS and EGLD-AS, were characterized compared to their normal splicing products XYNF1 and EGLD, respectively. The AS variant XYNF1-AS displayed xylanase activity whereas XYNF1 did not. As for EGLD-AS and EGLD, neither of them showed annotated endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity. Instead, both showed lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) activity with some differences in catalytic properties. Our work demonstrated that the AS variants in A. niger were good sources for discovering novel lignocellulose-degrading enzymes.

Key points

• AS events were identified in the lignocellulose-degrading enzyme genes of A. niger.

• New β-1,4-xylanase and LPMO derived from AS events were characterized.
Do Balloon Catheters have a Different Radial Force Along Their Longitudinal Axis?
Authors: Choi Tae Won , Kim Jinoo , Won Je Hwan
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This experimental study was designed to compare radial forces between the central portion and both ends of balloon catheters when dilating stenosis.

Materials and Methods

Three balloon catheters of 6 and 8 mm in diameter and of variable length were tested: Mustang, Conquest, and Genoss PTA. Cylindrical modules to position balloon catheters and install the measuring tip during radial force measurements were made using a 3D printer. The measuring tip created 20% stenosis at the inner lumen. Both ends and center of the balloon catheter were located at the measuring tip. The radial force was measured after inflating the balloon catheter to the rated burst pressure.

Results

For the different diameters and lengths of balloon catheters and cylinder sizes, the median inccenter, the radial rease in radial force at the distal end compared to the center was 16.5% (range: 9.8–35.2%) for Mustang, 12.4% (range: 10.3–25.5%) for Genoss, and 7.4% (range: −0.3–13.1%) for Conquest balloon catheters. Similarly, compared to that at the force at the proximal end was 10.8% greater (range: −2.9–18.3%) for Mustang, 9.9% greater (range: 3.9–22.3%) for Genoss, and 7.3% greater (range: −1.3–12.4%) for Conquest catheters.

Conclusion

The radial force is greater at both ends of the balloon than at the central portion, especially at the distal end. Dilation using the distal end of the balloon catheter is a practical method that can be applied in clinical practice without additional devices when encountering resistant stenosis, especially with semi-compliant balloons.

Graphical Abstract
Endovascular balloon usage in endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus during a national shortage: case series and technical note
Authors: Feldman Michael J. , Boudreau Hunter , Tuan Anh Le , Tsemo Georges Boubda , Blount Jeffrey P. , Rozzelle Curtis J.
Published: April 2024

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a well-established surgical technique for treating hydrocephalus. Many providers have transitioned to utilizing the specialized Neuroballoon for the stoma dilation in ETV; however, these devices are intermittently unavailable during supply chain shortages. We present the experience of employing cardiac angioplasty and neurovascular balloons as substitutes for the Neuroballoon in 3 patients. The scepter balloon (Microvention), priced at $1800 compared to the standard $300 Neuroballoon (Integra), proved effective, but its pliability presented technical challenges. The substantial cost differential compared to a Neuroballoon ($300) raises economic considerations. The Cardiac TREK balloon (Abbott) was similarly effective, while also being easier to manage endoscopically and cheaper at $158. These experiences support the viability of non-neuroendoscopic specialized balloons as alternatives for ETV dilation of the floor of tuber cinereum.
Sub-seasonal to seasonal drivers of regional marine heatwaves around Australia
Authors: Gregory Catherine H. , Holbrook Neil J. , Marshall Andrew G. , Spillman Claire M.
Published: April 2024

As marine heatwaves (MHWs) become more intense and longer lasting due to global warming, understanding the drivers and impacts of these events is crucial for effective marine resource management. This study investigates the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Southern Annular Mode (SAM), Sub-Tropical Ridge High (STRH), and Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) on sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and MHWs around Australia. The aim of this research is to improve our understanding of the drivers of MHWs on sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, which bridges the gap between short-term weather and interannual to long-term climate variability. By analysing SST anomalies and MHWs characteristics during specific driver phases, a simple MHW hazard index is developed. Our findings support previous research indicating that La Niña plays a role in driving MHWs off the coast of Western Australia and reveals a previously unrecognised connection between ocean warming off Queensland and Tasman Sea low-pressure systems associated with the negative phase of the STRH. Our research emphasizes the importance of considering multiple drivers and their compounding effects on MHWs by showing significant changes to typical La Niña MHW patterns with the additional influence of the MJO. By considering drivers acting in the S2S timescale, forecasts can more accurately capture the timing, intensity, and spatial extent of MHW events within a season. These improved forecasts can enhance the ability of marine managers to adapt and allocate resources based on evolving climate conditions, enabling effective implementation of harm minimisation strategies.