bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF CHRONIC EFFECTS OF VARYING DOSAGE OF X-RAYS ON HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: C Debajit , K Reshma , K Sudha , Chiranth Chiranth , Rahul Rahul , Yadav Charu , Rai Rajalaxmi
Published: February 2018

Objective: This study focuses on the chronic effects of various doses of radiation in the liver of albino Wistar rats subjected to irradiation using X-rays.Materials and Methods: In the present study, albino Wistar rats were exposed to various doses of X-rays (4 Gy, 6 Gy, and 6.6 Gy) and the animals were observed for 30 days, following which they were sacrificed and liver tissue, being one of the targets of radiation-induced damage was analyzed for the oxidative stress markers, namely, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and lipid peroxidation indicator, and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathological studies of the liver were also performed.Results: Indicated that there was a significant increase in GSH and SOD levels in the animals exposed to radiation compared to controls (p<0.05). A decrease in these values was observed at 6.6 Gy compared to 6 Gy which was non-significant. However, there was a significant and consistent decrease in catalase and a similar increase in MDA with increased doses of X rays (p<0.05). Damage in hepatic structural architecture and disruption of central vein correlated positively with increased doses of X rays.Conclusion: Our study strongly supports the hypothesis of the involvement of free radicals in radiation-induced damage to living systems.
EFFECT OF GREEN TEA LEAVES (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) AND CAROM SEEDS (TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI) EXTRACTS ON MALE MICE EXPOSED TO DIAZINON.
Authors: Pai Manju Ohri , Pai Venkatesh S , Gupta Anil K
Published: February 2018

Objective: The present communication is based on herb, namely, Trachyspermum ammi L. belonging to family Apiaceae, commonly known as “Ajowan” or carom seeds, and green tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceae) for the prevention of intoxication induced with a sublethal dose of diazinon.Methods: Male mice weighing around 6.5 mg/kg body weight were exposed to diazinon, a common pesticide used in plant cultivation. Carom seed and green tea leave extracts were given thereafter to the male mice to check their effect on the toxicity of diazinon.Results: After several weeks of exposure to these herbal extracts, there was a significant change observed in the hematobiochemical parameters with a significant increase in values of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, creatinine, glucose, and cholesterol. In contrast, no significant statistical difference was perceived in the values of all hematobiochemical parameters in mice treated with tea leaves extract, carom seed extract, and tea leave and carom seed extracts except the value of serum cholesterol in mice treated with carum seed extract which decreased as compared to the control group.Conclusion: These findings suggest the importance of the carom seeds and green tea and their combinatorial usage against diazinon toxicity, thus promising these plant products to be promising therapeutic agents against hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and metabolic disorders due to diazinon toxicity. This also makes the safety of herbal products an important public health issue.
Editorial
Authors: Hausjell Fritz
Published: February 2018

Editorial zu 1/1987
CROSSING ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARY’S EFFECT ON PARADIGMATIC SHIFT AND THE IMPLICATION TO MARKETING STRATEGY OF AN ORGANIZATION
Authors: Mustafa Fahrina , Mustafa Riad
Published: February 2018

This paper studies the paradigmatic shift as the effect on the crossing organizational boundaries activities. Boundary crossing as part of specific function of organizations is common to organization theories. Nevertheless, the increasing and strong rate of occurrence of the crossing boundary activities is considered important today as the consequence of the technological revolution in information and communication technology coupled with the future technologies. Crossing boundaries influence the people involved and the institutional sets. The relationships within the boundaries are increasingly dynamic. Hence, this, in turn, may lead to paradigmatic shift. From the perspective of organization and innovation studies these processes are to a great extent attractive since they may create different conditions the existing literatures on organization as well as innovation, and consequently, on marketing. Therefore, this paper aims at studying the marketing strategy response of an organization by identifying states that emerge or condition that may be created as the paradigms shifted.
Organizações sociais e canais de comercialização acessados por agricultores agroecológicos: um estudo de caso na feira-livre de Chapecó/SC
Authors: Filho Luiz Paulo Klock , Vasques Samuel Tafernaberri , Godoy Wilson Itamar
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho apresenta as experiências de agricultores que produzem alimentos no sistema de manejo agroecológico e estão inseridos nas cadeias curtas de comercialização. O objetivo do estudo é mostrar como produtores familiares, inseridos na feira central de produtos coloniais e agroecológicos do município de Chapecó, organizaram-se e comercializaram sua produção agroecológica. Verificou-se que os produtores se estruturam economicamente com a venda no canal de comercialização chamado feira-livre. Há potencialidades ao utilizar princípios da Agroecologia associados à conexão entre produtor e consumidor como estratégia para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Porém, é necessário que os produtores desenvolvam estratégias que fortaleçam suas organizações sociais, para, assim, aprimorar práticas de cooperação e fortalecimento do desenvolvimento local.
CENÁRIOS PROSPECTIVOS: O CASO DO ROMPIMENTO DA BARRAGEM EM MARIANA - MG
Authors: Lopes Michele Gomes
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo objetiva analisar e avaliar a relevância de se elaborar cenários prospectivos para evitar as consequências como o rompimento da barragem em Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser um estudo de caso exploratório e bibliográfico, utilizando o método qualitativo. Os dados foram coletados em relatórios disponíveis. Os resultados descrevem as consequências do desastre que estão sendo minimizadas através das ações corretivas da Samarco S. A. em conjunto com o Governo. Essas ações têm como base a segurança e a responsabilidade socioambiental. A principal conclusão foi que, mesmo com os esforços da Mineradora, acredita-se que os danos não foram sanados e terá uma recuperação lenta, a longo prazo. Esse foi considerado o maior desastre ambiental do mundo. Portanto, é fundamental a colaboração governamental para mitigar os impactos, bem como evitar eventos semelhantes.
Avanços e desafios das hortas comunitárias urbanas de base agroecológica: uma análise do município de Sete Lagoas
Authors: Calbino Daniel , Borges Iran , Andrade Luis , Abreu Caroline , Gonçalves Fernanda
Published: February 2018

As hortas comunitárias urbanas têm alcançado significativo avanço no Brasil enquanto alternativas de desenvolvimento local. Um exemplo é a realidade das hortas de Sete Lagoas (MG), que possuem um histórico de aproximadamente 33 anos. Neste contexto, o trabalho propõe discutir os avanços e desafios das hortas de base agroecológica no município, por meio de um estudo de caso. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para uma política pública que possibilita geração de renda para os produtores, aumento do abastecimento e segurança alimentar da região. Porém, destaca-se a necessidade de maior apoio para lidar com a limitação de conhecimentos técnicos dos produtores, bem como a importância de relações interpessoais mais solidárias. Apesar dos desafios lançados, sustenta-se que os resultados da pesquisa indicam que o fomento às políticas públicas de agricultura urbana, por meio de hortas comunitárias, apresenta-se hoje como um estratégico mecanismo de incentivo às economias locais.
Pengaruh penggunaan beberapa jenis filter alami terhadap pertumbuhan, sintasan dan kualitas air dalam pemeliharaan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Khalil Munawar
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan beberapa jenis filter alami zeolit, arang dan sabut kelapa dalam menetralisir pH dan Amoniak untuk memperbaiki kualitas air pada wadah pemeliharaan ikan mas dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan sintasan serta mengetahui media filter mana yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan ikan mas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November - Desember 2015 yang bertempat di Laboratorium Hatchery dan Teknologi Budidaya Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Malikussaleh, rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan 3 ulangan, dimana A: kontrol (tanpa filter), B: filter zeolit, C: filter arang, D: filter sabut kelapa dan E: kombinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Zeolit, Arang, Sabut kelapa dan Kombinasi dapat memperbaiki kualitas air untuk menetralisir pH dan amoniak. Pertumbuhan dan konversi pakan terbaik ditemukan pada perlakuan E (kombinasi) sedangkan untuk tingkat kelangsungan hidup terbaik ditemukan pada perlakuan D (sabut kelapa).This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the use of several types of natural zeolite filter, charcoal and coconut fiber in neutralizing the pH and ammonia to improve the quality of water in the goldfish maintenance container and the effect on growth and survival rate and determine the best filter media for the growth of gold fish. This study was conducted on November to December 2015 at Laboratory of Aquaculture Hatchery and Technology Studies Program Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture, University of Malikussaleh. The research design uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments 3 replications, that is A: control (without filter), B: zeolite filter, C: charcoal filters, D: coconut fiber filter and E: combination. The results showed zeolite, charcoal, coconut fiber and combination can improve water quality neutralize pH and ammonia. The best growth and feed conversion ratio are found in treatment E (combination) while for the best survival rate is found in treatment D (coconut fiber).
Therapeutic advice: a rhetorical-argumentative perspective on doctor-patient communication
Authors: Gambarelli Gaia
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this work is to analyze the persuasion which characterizes therapeutic advice and its collaborative goal. It is observed that this type of advice seems to be more effective when it is not limited to a mere scientific demonstration, but it considers also all the interlocutor’s subjective aspects. The study is supported by examples from a little corpus of transcribed real doctor-patient dialogues, collected and analyzed in a previous research work of the author. The research examines the principal arguments, argumentative figures and silences.
Redefining Preaching: A Beginning
Authors: Gaines Steven Tramel
Published: February 2018

Scholarly disagreement about preaching has suffered confusion due to definitions of the subject that do not sufficiently consider the diversity of that interdisciplinary field of study. This article provides a summary of historical perspectives that is more comprehensive than any such summary in recent literature. That overview leads to suggestions for investigating what preaching is and does.
THE ACTIVITIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE BLACK SEA: ITS POLICIES, STRENGTHS-WEAKNESSES AND RIVALRY WITH RUSSIA
Authors: ERDOĞAN Seven
Published: February 2018

Black Sea is a region of opportunities and
challenges. The attractiveness of these opportunities pushes many international
actors including the EU to involve in the politics of the region despite the
challenges existing in the region. After the end of Cold War, it became
possible for the EU to establish relations with the countries in the region.
The eastern enlargement covering the post-Soviet countries in the Central and
Eastern Europe led to an increase in the importance of the Black Sea region in the
EU’s neighbourhood. By the way, the EU has been involving into the region
through various kinds of mechanisms. As the level of involvement of the EU to
the region increases, the competition between the EU and Russia aiming to
design their shared neighbourhoods in line with their own objectives has also
intensified. This study aims to examine the EU’s way of handling of its
relations with the Black Sea region. In this scope, firstly, the EU mechanisms targeting
the region will be elaborated. Secondly, the strengths and weaknesses of the EU
policies in the Black Sea region will be discussed. Finally, the balance
between the EU and Russia in the Black Sea will be considered.
AĞIN MERKEZİNDE YER ALMAK AKTÖRE AVANTAJ SAĞLAR MI?: TÜRK İŞLETME GRUPLARI ÖRNEKLEMİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA / Does Taking Place In The Central Network Position Provide Advantages To The Actor?: A Research In Turkish Business Groups Sample
Authors: SARI AYTEKİN Selcen
Published: February 2018

Bu araştırmanın
amacı, işletme gruplarının bağlı işletmelerinin, işletme grubu içerisinde
oluşan ağ düzeneğinde yer aldıkları konumun finansal performansları üzerindeki
etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu ilişki, Borsa İstanbul’da koteli ve bir işletme
grubuna bağlı işletmelerden oluşan örneklem
üzerinde analiz edilmiştir. Toplamda 15 işletme grubuna ait 74 bağlı işletmenin
verileri üzerinde analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, hem
ticari bağlardan oluşan ağ yapısı içerisinde hem de örtüşen yönetim kurulu
üyeliklerinden oluşan ağ içerisinde daha merkezi konumda bulunan bağlı işletmelerin
finansal performanslarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişkiler
gözlenmiştir.
On second-order differential subordination and superordination of analytic functions involving the Komatu integral operator
Authors: S. Juma Abdul Rahman , Awad Hameed Raad , Ibrahim Hameed Mustafa
Published: February 2018

In the present paper by using properties of the Komatu integral operator, we derive some properties of subordinations and superordinations associated with the Hadamard product concept.
Paper Currency Detection based Image Processing Techniques: A review paper
Authors: H. Shaker Shaimaa , Gheni Alawan Mohammed
Published: February 2018

The currency has a great meaning in everyday life. Thus currency recognition has gained a great interest for many researchers. The researchers have suggested diverse approaches to improve currency recognition. Based on strong literature survey, image processing can be considered as the most widespread and effective technique of currency recognition.  This paper introduces some close related works of paper-currency recognition. This paper has explained a variety of different currency recognition systems. The applications have used the power of computing to differentiate between different types of currencies with the appropriate layer. Choosing the proper feature would improve overall system performance. The main goal of this work is to compare previous papers and literatures through reviews these literatures and identify the advantages and disadvantage for each method in these literatures. The results were summarized in a comparison table that presented different ways of reviewing the technology used in image processing to distinguish currency papers.
La Historia desde la Imagen Poética
Authors: Colina Matos Rina Desireé
Published: February 2018

El presente ensayo procura explorar los vínculos existentes entre el discurso de la Literatura y el de la Historia; dentro de este contexto, se busca plantear a partir de la imagen poética reflejada en los textos: Canto General de Pablo Neruda (1950) y Santiago de León de Caracas de Ramón Palomares (1967), una lectura plurivisionaria que resulta ser una opción para acercarnos a la historia de una forma distinta a la presentada en los programas educativos. Partiendo de la idea que la Literatura es reveladora de sentidos, descubre la presencia del Otro. En síntesis, se plantea el análisis de los textos propuestos anteriormente con el objeto de demostrar el discurso alternativo de la Historia que presentan estos poetas, donde se establece una relación dialógica entre la Literatura y la Historia. Finalmente, se pretende que estas reflexiones puedan ser un aporte para el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de la Escuela Venezolana.
Techno-economic performance assessment of central-grid wind turbines at major geographical locations of Pakistan
Authors: MEHMOOD Aamir , SAİD Zafar , WAQAS Adeel , ARSHAD Waseem
Published: February 2018

This work is focused on techno-economic performance evaluation of grid
connected wind turbines of different power ratings (2 MW and 3 MW) at six
coastline areas of Pakistan using RETScreen software. Software imports the
weather data of selected locations from its database reported by National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. Software outcomes indicate the unadjusted
energy production, gross energy production and capacity factor of wind
turbines. Comparative study shows that the wind turbine of either rating
installed in Jiwani, having capacity factor 33.7% (of 2 MW turbine) and 36.8%
(of 3 MW wind turbine) produces ~64% more gross energy than at Karachi and ~4%
more than that at Ormara location. Financial viability of wind power project
installation is evaluated considering economic determinants and life cycle
savings. Technical analysis also reveals the amount of electricity exported to
grid. Comparative performance of 3 MW and 2 MW wind turbines are evaluated, and
3 MW wind turbine is found more viable and profitable. Jiwani is found the most
favorite location for wind power project installation.
Posterior Reversible Ensefalopati Sendromu (PRES) Olgularının Retrospektif Olarak Analizi: Acil Servis Başvuruları
Authors: AYDIN İrfan , ALTUN Yaşar , POYRAZ Mehmet Kaan , ALGIN Abdullah , KAFADAR Hüseyin
Published: February 2018

ÖZET Giriş; Posterior
reversible ensefalopati sendromu (PRES) , nörolojik ve radyolojik  bulguların eşlik ettiği geri döndürülebilir
bir sendromdur. İlk olarak 1996 yılında Hınchey J ve ark. tarafından tanımlanan
bu sendrom genellikle hipertansiyon, baş ağrısı, konfüzyon, konvülziyon,kusma
ve görme bozukluğunun eşlik ettiği geri döndürülebilir  bir hastalık olarak literatüre geçmiştir.
Patofizyolojisinde iki hipotez öne sürülmüştür, birincisi   aniden yükselen tansiyona bağlı olarak
serebral hiperperfüzyon ve buna bağlı vazojenik ödem, ikincisi ise  endojen ve eksojen toksinlerin neden olduğu
endotel disfonksiyonudur. Klinik olarak çeşitli nörolojik semptomlarla
karekterize olup, akut veya subakut gelişebilir. Birkaç saat sürebildiği gibi
günler ve haftalarca da sürebilir.Gereç ve Yöntem; Bu çalışma
2012-2017 yılları arasında Adıyaman Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Acil Servise
başvuran hastalar arasından retrospektif olarak yapıldı. Baş ağrısı,
ensefalopati, nöbet, görme bozukluğu veya fokal nörolojik defekti içeren akut
başlangıçlı nörolojik semptomlar ve 
beyin görüntülemesinde fokal vazojenik ödem tespit edilen beş PRES  olgusu çalışmaya alındı. Olgular yaş, cinsiyet,
acil servise başvuru şikayeti,kronik hastalık, gebelik durumu, BBT,MR ve
elektroensefalografik (EEG) bulgularına göre sınıflandırıldı.Sonuç  olarak; acil servise baş ağrısı, görme kaybı,
bilinç kaybı ve özellikle konvülziyonla başvuran kadın ve gebelerde PRES akla
gelmelidir. Anahtar
Kelimeler:
PRES, acil servis, konvülziyon  ABSTRACT Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy
syndrome (PRES) is a reversible syndrome accompanied by neurological and
radiological findings by Hynchy J et al. in 1996 .  This syndrome is often referred with
hypertension, headache, confusion, convulsions, vomiting, and loss of vision.Two
hypotheses have been proposed for pathophysiology. The first being cerebral
hyperperfusion due to suddenly elevated blood pressure and the associated
vasogenic edema and the second endothelial dysfunction caused by endogenous and
exogenous toxins. It is clinically characterized by various neurological
findings which may develop acutely or subacutely.  It can last for several hours or days and
weeks.Material
and method: This study was retrospectively performed between
Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine Emergency Service between 2012-2017. Acute onset
neurological symptoms including headache, encephalopathy, seizure, visual impairment
or focal neurologic deficit, and five PRES cases with focal vasogenic edema on
brain imaging were included in the study. The cases were classified according to age, gender,
complaint of emergency service, chronic disease, pregnancy status, BBT, MR and
electroencephalographic (EEG) findings.Conclusion: As a result;
emergency headache, visual loss, loss of consciousness, and PRES in women and
pregnant women, especially those who are referred for convulsions.

Keywords: PRES,emergency,
convulsions
Hastanemiz Çocuk acil servisine farmakolojik ajanlar alımı sonrası zehirlenme şikayeti ile başvuran hastaların sosyo-demografik, klinik ve laboratuvar özelliklerinin irdelenmesi
Authors: Özarslan Kasım , Konca Çapan , Tekin Mehmet
Published: February 2018

Amaç: Çalışmamızda hastanemiz Çocuk Acil Servisine tıbbi ilaç zehirlenmesi şikayetiyle başvuran hastaların demografik, sosyokültürel ve laboratuvar bulgularının retrospektif olarak incelenmesi ve alınabilecek önlemlerin neler olabileceğinin ortaya konması amaçlandı.Gereç ve yöntemler: Çalışmada Ocak 2013 ile Aralık 2013 tarihleri arasındahastanemiz Çocuk Acil Servisine tıbbi ilaç zehirlenmesi şikâyetiyle başvuran 256 hastanın kayıtlı bilgileri geriye dönük olarak tarandı. Dosyalardan hastaların yaşları, cinsiyetleri, yaşadıkları yer, anne-baba eğitim düzeyi, hastaneye başvuru süreleri, klinikte yatış süresi gibi parametreler incelendi. Ayrıca olguların laboratuvar değerleri, zehirlenmeye sebep olan ilaç türü ve zehirlenme sebebi kayıt edildi. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) paket programı kullanıldı.Bulgular: Olguların 180’ini (%70,3) kaza sonucu, 76’sı (% 29,7) ise intihar amaçlı zehirlenmeler idi. Olguların 134’ü (% 52,3) kız, 122’si (% 47,7) ise erkek idi. Tüm zehirlenme olguları dikkate alındığına cinsiyet açısından farklılık olmamasına rağmen, intihar amaçlı zehirlenmelerde kızlarda anlamlı düzeyde farklılık olduğu görüldü. Olguların216’sının (% 84,3) bir, 28’inin (% 10,9) iki, 12’sinin (% 4,6) ise üç ve üzeri farklı ilaç ilezehirlendiği saptandı. En sık zehirlenme etkenleri analjezik ve antipiretik ilaçlar (% 41,7) idi. Lökositoz, kreatinin artışı ve LDH yüksekliği en sık patolojik laboratuvar bulguları iken; sinüs taşikardisi ve QT uzaması en sık patolojik EKG bulguları idi. Sonuç: İlaçlara bağlı zehirlenme olaylarında toplumun eğitim düzeyininyükseltilmesi, hastaneye erken başvuru, uygun tedaviler ve yakın izlem sayesinde ölüm veyaistenmeyen sonuçlarda belirgin azalma sağlanabileceğini düşünüyoruz.
Community Empowerment in Plempoh Cultural Tourism Village
Authors: Hidayat Angger , Rahmanita Myrza , Hermantoro Henky
Published: February 2018

Plempoh Cultural Tourism Village possesses a unique attraction such as natural resources and cultural heritage. Collaborating with the government, entrepreneurs, academicians and media, a group of tourism awareness called Pokdarwis Prabu Boko appears to be the central group behind every development of the Plempoh Cultural Tourism Village. However, previous research reveals that poverty still appears in this village, there is lack of community confidence and knowledge related to tourism; and lack of community participation in developing the village. This research aims to study the realization and the level of community empowerment in terms of economical, psychological, social and political aspect. This research used qualitative paradigm with descriptive method and purposive sampling technique. Data is collected using interview technique, observation and documentation. The data is then validated using source triangulation. The result shows that the community empowerment efforts undertaken by village stakeholders have not been optimal because some of the tourism village stakeholders still have not given strong commitment and they have not received trust from local communities. However, there are some evidence of community empowerment progress as follows: (1) the economic empowerment has now reached the fourth stage, namely support level. (2) the psychological empowerment is at the second stage, called reinforcement; (3) the social empowerment of the community is at its fifth stage, namely Maintenance, (4) the political empowerment is at the lowest level, namely possibility.
Analysis of Tourist Travel Pattern for Youth Travel Segment in Ambon Island
Authors: Simasima Tassya Yuliani , Ariani Vitria , Ingkadijaya Rahmat
Published: February 2018

This study aimed to identify The Youth Travel Characteristic, The Youth Travel Pattern and The Model of Youth Travel Pattern Development in Ambon island. This study used  descriptive methods approach. Mean and frequencies are for analyzing respondents’ characteristics. Travel Pattern was analyzed by using GIS software.  SWOT analysis was used to develop the Travel Pattern Model.  The respondents were 100 youth travels at the age between 15 years - 30 years who visited Ambon City.  The research sampling technique was convenience sampling. The questionnaires were distributed between June 2017 – July 2017.  This study found that youth travelers who visited Ambon Island was dominated by young local tourists, under 26 years old, well educated, searched for  cultural and social values. The main information sources during the trip were from friends or internet and they tend to plan their travel independently or with their family and friends rather then using travel agencies. The main trip driver is outdoor with leisure activities on the beach. This study also found out that security was the most influencing factor in determining travel itinerary of youth traveler. During the trip in Ambon Island, youth traveler was formed five travel pattern. The most travel pattern was formed by youth traveler was a single point. The study developed four youth travel pattern models to incrase the number of youth traveler visiting Ambon Island
Ternate Government’s Efforts in Establishing Culture-based Tourism Destinations through Heritage City
Authors: Nurlaili Nurlaili , Nursiana Adinoto , Hermantoro Henky
Published: February 2018

Ternate, one of the oldest cities in Indonesia, has committed to establish a culture-based tourism through heritage city. This city needs to go through some approaches by conducting inventory of historical studies and mapping the existing historical assets. To achieve the goals above, the history of the city can provide distinctiveness on the theme of the city as heritage-based coastal and islands. This research aims to find out the efforts conducted by the local government to create the heritage city as part of culture-based tourism. The method used in this research is the mixed methods which combines qualitative and quantitative. The research is done by combining two forms of pre-existing research which emphasizes on the understanding of problems in social life based on reality on natural setting. The research has revealed some attempts from the local government to increase the value of assets heritage and also to restore the glory of Ternate in the future simultaneously. And these efforts, have gained full support from the local community
Tax Knowledge Among University Teachers In Pokhara
Authors: Poudel Resam Lal
Published: February 2018

Tax knowledge is the major factor contributing to raise revenue for the country. The objective of this study is to investigate the level of tax knowledge of university teachers. Questionnaire has been administered including five point likert scale classifying different items of tax knowledge from 193 university teachers in Pokhara employing convenience sampling method. The results suggestes that tax knowledge has a significant impact, even though the level of tax knowledge varies significantly among respondents. The result indicates that more attention should be given to deliver tax related information in order to increase tax knowledge among university teachers. Relating to tax knowledge, results reveals that there is no significant difference on the basis of marital status, type of college and gender. The results of this study can inform policymakers on the extent to which tax knowledge is important in a self assessment system and in what ways it can affect compliance.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. X No. 1 December 2017, page: 69-77
Fully-Deterministic Execution of IEC-61499 Models for Distributed Avionics Applications
Authors: Insaurralde Carlos
Published: February 2018

The development of time-critical Distributed Avionics Applications (DAAs) pushes beyond the limit of existing modeling methodologies to design dependable systems. Aerospace and industrial automation entail high-integrity applications where execution time is essential for dependability. This tempts us to use modeling technologies from one domain in another. The challenge is to demonstrate that they can be effectively used across domains whilst assuring temporally dependable applications. This paper shows that an IEC61499-modeled DAA can satisfy temporal dependability requirements as to end-to-end flow latency when it is properly scheduled and realized in a fully deterministic avionics platform that entails Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) computation along with Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP) communication. Outcomes from the execution design of an IEC61499-based DAA model for an IMA-TTP platform are used to check runtime correctness through DAA control stability. IEC 61499 is a modeling standard for industrial automation, and it is meant to facilitate distribution and reconfiguration of applications. The DAA case study is a Distributed Fluid Control System (DFCS) for the Airbus-A380 fuel system. Latency analysis results from timing metrics as well as closed-loop control simulation results are presented. Experimental outcomes suggest that an IEC61499-based DFCS model can achieve desired runtime latency for temporal dependability when executed in an IMA-TTP platform. Concluding remarks and future research direction are also discussed.
Optimal Selection of Clustering Algorithm via Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) for Load Profiling Applications
Authors: Panapakidis Ioannis P. , Christoforidis Georgios C.
Published: February 2018

Due to high implementation rates of smart meter systems, considerable amount of research is placed in machine learning tools for data handling and information retrieval. A key tool in load data processing is clustering. In recent years, a number of researches have proposed different clustering algorithms in the load profiling field. The present paper provides a methodology for addressing the aforementioned problem through Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and namely, using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). A comparison of the algorithms is employed. Next, a single test case on the selection of an algorithm is examined. User specific weights are applied and based on these weight values, the optimal algorithm is drawn.
An Innovative and Efficient Method for Reverse Design of Wheel-Rail Profiles
Authors: Chen Rong , Hu Chenyang , Xu Jingmang , Wang Ping , Chen Jiayin , Gao Yuan
Published: February 2018

Well-designed wheel-rail profiles are not only helpful in achieving expected dynamic vehicle performance but also in extending the service lives of wheels and rails. In this paper, a method for designing wheel-rail profiles is presented based on the rolling radius difference. This method consists of three parts, i.e., the reverse designs of wheel profiles, symmetric rail profiles and non-symmetric rail profiles. A reverse design method for wheel-rail profiles that can obtain smooth profile formed by quadratic curves is established according to the mapping relation between the rolling radius difference and the wheel-rail profile gradient. This reverse design method is verified and an example for optimizing the design of wheel profiles is introduced. Results show that the design method is effective and efficient. The static/dynamic indexes of the optimized wheel profiles matched with CHN60 can be greatly improved. According to the comparative analysis of wheel-rail contact and dynamic performance, when the lateral displacement reaches 6 mm, the maximum contact stress will be distributed evenly and can be decreased by 184.4 MPa compared to that of existing profiles, while the critical speed can be increased by 10.8% and the running stability can be improved by around 7%. It can be seen that this method is useful for the design of new wheel-rail profiles and optimization of existing wheel-rail profiles.
Variability of Rainfall Erosivity and Erosivity Density in the Ganjiang River Catchment, China: Characteristics and Influences of Climate Change
Authors: Li Xianghu , Ye Xuchun
Published: February 2018

Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental hazards in the world. Understanding the changes in rainfall erosivity (RE) and erosivity density (ED), as well as their affecting factors, at local and catchment scales in the context of climate warming is an important prerequisite of soil erosion prevention and soil loss risk assessment. The present study identified the variability and trends of RE and ED in terms of both time and space in the Ganjiang River catchment over the period of 1960–2012, and also analyzed and discussed the impact of climate change. The results show that RE and ED in the catchment had great monthly variations and high year-to-year variability. Both presented long-term increasing trends over the entire study period. The highest RE and ED were observed in June and in the eastern and northeast parts of the catchment, which indicated that June was the most susceptible month for soil erosion in this area and the lower reaches of the Ganjiang River was the riskiest area for soil erosion. Finally, the East Asian summer monsoon and climate change were highly correlated with changes in RE and ED.
Development and Evaluation of a Comprehensive Atmospheric Emission Inventory for Air Quality Modeling in the Megacity of Bogotá
Authors: Pachón Jorge , Galvis Boris , Lombana Oscar , Carmona Luis , Fajardo Sandra , Rincón Alexander , Meneses Sandra , Chaparro Rafael , Nedbor-Gross Robert , Henderson Barron
Published: February 2018

We built an emission inventory (EI) for the megacity of Bogotá, Colombia for 2012, which for the first time augments traditional industrial and mobile sources by including commercial sources, biogenic sources, and resuspended dust. We characterized the methodologies for estimating each source annually, and allocated the sources to hourly and 1 km2 spatial resolution for use as inputs for air quality modeling purposes. A resuspended particulate matter (RPM) emission estimate was developed using the first measurements of road dust loadings and silt content for the city. Results show that mobile sources dominate emissions of CO2 (80%), CO (99%), VOC (68%), NOx (95%), and SO2 (85%). However, the newly estimated RPM comprises 90% of total PM10 emissions, which are at least onefold larger than the PM10 emissions from combustion processes. The 2012 EI was implemented in a chemical transport model (CTM) in order to understand the pollutants’ fate and transport. Model evaluation was conducted against observations from the city’s air quality monitoring network in two different periods. Modeling results for O3 concentrations showed a good agreement, with mean fractional bias (MFB) of +11%, and a mean fractional error (MFE) of +35% with observations, but simulated PM10 concentrations were strongly biased high (MFB +57%, MFE +68%), which was likely due to RPM emissions being overestimated. NOx, CO, and SO2 were also biased high by the model, which was probably due to emissions not reflecting current fleet conditions. Future work aims to revise emission factors for mobile sources, which are the main sources of pollutants to the atmosphere.
Megacity-Induced Mesoclimatic Effects in the Lower Atmosphere: A Modeling Study for Multiple Summers over Moscow, Russia
Authors: Varentsov Mikhail , Wouters Hendrik , Platonov Vladimir , Konstantinov Pavel
Published: February 2018

Urbanization leads to distinct meteorological features of urban environments, and one the best-known is the urban heat island (UHI) effect. For megacities, these features become mesoscale phenomena (scale ≥ 10 km) that are amplified by the tropospheric feedbacks, and have substantial implications on human well-being. For the first time, a three-dimensional statistical description of the megacity-induced meteorological effects extending towards the lower troposphere for summer is acquired on a quasi-climatological timescale (a decade) based on high-resolution (1 km) simulations for Moscow with the COSMO-CLM model with and without its urban canopy model TERRA_URB. Our results confirm the features from previous observational and modeling studies, including the UHI itself, the cooling effect above established by the cross-over effect, the urban dry/moist islands and the urban breeze circulation. Particularly, the UHI shows a strong diurnal variation in terms of intensity and vertical extent between daytime (≈0.5 K/≈1.5 km) and nighttime (>3 K/≈150 m). We have discovered a systematic veering in the downwind shift of the UHI spatial pattern established by the Coriolis effect, and an enhanced stable stratification of the rural surroundings established by the urban plumes further downwind. Finally, extending the analysis to multiple summers demonstrates a substantial increase in summer precipitation (up to +25%) over the city center and its leeward side. These urban-caused mesoclimatic effects need to be taken into account in weather and climate services, including the design of future megacities.
Sustainable Bio-Aggregate-Based Composites Containing Hemp Hurds and Alternative Binder
Authors: Stevulova Nadezda , Cigasova Julia , Schwarzova Ivana , Sicakova Alena , Junak Jozef
Published: February 2018

This experimental study was focused on the application of a surface-modified hemp- hurds aggregate into composites using an alternative binder of MgO-cement. This paper presents the results of the comparative study of the parameters (chemical and physico-chemical modification, and hardening time) affecting the physical (density, thermal conductivity coefficient and water-absorption behavior) and mechanical properties (compressive strength) of the bio-aggregate-based composite. A test of the parameters of the bio-composite samples showed some differences, which were determined by the chemical and surface properties of the modified filler, and which affected the mechanisms of hardening. The bulk density values of the hemp hurd composites hardened for 28 days place this material in the lightweight category of composites. The values of water absorption and the thermal conductivity coefficient of bio-composites decreased, and the strength parameter increased with an increase in the hardening time. The lower values of compressive strength, water absorption, and thermal conductivity coefficient (except for the ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid-treated filler) were observed in composites based on fillers chemically treated with NaOH and Ca(OH)2) compared to referential composites (based on original hemp hurds). This is related to changes in the chemical composition of hemp hurds after chemical modification. The composites with ultrasound-treated hemp hurds had the greatest strengths at each hardening time. This is related to pulping the bundles of fibers and forming a larger surface area for bonding in the matrix.
Phosphorylation of Sox2 at Threonine 116 is a Potential Marker to Identify a Subset of Breast Cancer Cells with High Tumorigenecity and Stem-Like Features
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Gopal Keshav , Wu Chengsheng , Alshareef Abdulraheem , Chow Alexandra , Wu Fang , Wang Peng , Ye Xiaoxia , Bigras Gilbert , Lai Raymond
Published: February 2018

We have previously identified a novel phenotypic dichotomy in breast cancer (BC) based on the response to a SRR2 (Sox2 regulatory region 2) reporter, with reporter responsive (RR) cells being more tumorigenic/stem-like than reporter unresponsive (RU) cells. Since the expression level of Sox2 is comparable between the two cell subsets, we hypothesized that post-translational modifications of Sox2 contribute to their differential reporter response and phenotypic differences. By liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found Sox2 to be phosphorylated in RR but not RU cells. Threonine 116 is an important phosphorylation site, since transfection of the T116A mutant into RR cells significantly decreased the SRR2 reporter luciferase activity and the RR-associated phenotype. Oxidative stress-induced conversion of RU into RR cells was accompanied by Sox2 phosphorylation at T116 and increased Sox2-DNA binding. In a cohort of BC, we found significant correlations between the proportion of tumor cells immuno-reactive with anti-phosphorylated Sox2T116 and a high tumor grade (p = 0.006), vascular invasion (p = 0.001) and estrogen receptor expression (p = 0.032). In conclusion, our data suggests that phosphorylation of Sox2T116 contributes to the tumorigenic/stem-like features in RR cells. Detection of phospho-Sox2T116 may be useful in identifying a small subset of tumor cells carrying stem-like/tumorigenic features in BC.
1,3-Diene Polymerization Mediated by Homoleptic Tetramethylaluminates of the Rare-Earth Metals
Authors: Hollfelder Christoph , Jende Lars , Diether Dominic , Zelger Theresa , Stauder Rita , Maichle-Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner
Published: February 2018

During the past two decades homoleptic tetramethylaluminates of the trivalent rare-earth metals, Ln(AlMe4)3, have emerged as useful components for efficient catalyst design in the field of 1,3-diene polymerization. Previous work had focused on isoprene polymerization applying Ln(AlMe4)3 precatalysts with Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd and Y, in the presence of Et2AlCl as an activator. Polymerizations employing Ln(AlMe4)3 with Ln = La, Y and Nd along with borate/borane co-catalysts [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] and [B(C6F5)3] were mainly investigated for reasons of comparison with ancillary ligand-supported systems (cf. half-sandwich complexes). The present study investigates into a total of eleven rare-earth elements, namely Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Er and Lu. A full overview on the polymerization behavior of Ln(AlMe4)3 in the presence of perfluorinated borate/borane cocatalysts and R2AlCl-type activators (R = Me, Et) is provided, probing the monomers isoprene and 1,3-butadiene (and preliminary ethylene). Virtually complete cis-1,4-selectivities are obtained for several catalyst/cocatalyst combinations (e.g., Gd(AlMe4)3/Me2AlCl, >99.9%). Insights into the ‘black box’ of active species are obtained by indirect observations via screening of pre-reaction time and cocatalyst concentration. The microstructure of the polydienes is investigated by combined 1H/13C NMR and ATR-IR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the reaction of [LuMe6(Li(thf)x)3] with AlMe3 has been applied as a new strategy for the efficient synthesis of Lu(AlMe4)3. The solid-state structures of Gd(AlMe4)3 and Tb(AlMe4)3 are reported.
Assessing Density-Functional Theory for Equation-Of-State
Authors: Söderlind Per , Young David
Published: February 2018

The last decade has seen a continued development of better experimental techniques to measure equation-of-state (EOS) for various materials. These improvements of both static and shock-compression approaches have increased the accuracy of the EOS and challenged the complimentary theoretical modeling. The conventional modeling of EOS, at least at pressure and temperature conditions that are not too extreme, is founded on density-functional theory (DFT). Naturally, there is an increased interest in the accuracy of DFT as the measurements are becoming more refined and there is a particular interest in the robustness and validity of DFT at conditions where experimental data are not available. Here, we consider a broad and large set of 64 elemental solids from low atomic number Z up to the very high Z actinide metals. The intent is to compare DFT with experimental zero-temperature isotherms up to 1 Mbar (100 GPa) and draw conclusions regarding the theoretical (DFT) error and quantify a reasonable and defensible approach to define the theoretical uncertainty. We find that in all 64 cases the DFT error at high pressure is smaller than or equal to the DFT error at lower pressures which thus provides an upper bound to the error at high compression.
Efficacy of Multimedia Learning Modules as Preparation for Lecture-Based Tutorials in Electromagnetism
Authors: Moore James
Published: February 2018

We have investigated the efficacy of on-line, multimedia learning modules (MLMs) as preparation for in-class, lecture-based tutorials in electromagnetism in a physics course for natural science majors (biology and marine science). Specifically, we report the results of a multiple-group pre/post-test research design comparing two groups receiving different treatments with respect to activities preceding participation in Tutorials in Introductory Physics. The different pre-tutorial activities were as follows: (1) students were assigned reading from a traditional textbook, followed by a traditional lecture; and (2) students completed on-line MLMs developed by the Physics Education Research Group at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), and commercially known as FlipItPhysics. The MLM treatment group earned significantly higher mid-term examination scores and larger gains in content knowledge as measured by the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM). Student attitudes towards “reformed” instruction in the form of active-engagement tutorials were also improved. Specifically, post-course surveys showed that MLM-group students believed class time was more effective and the instructor was more clear than reported by non-MLM students, even though there was no significant difference between groups with respect to in-class activities and the same instructor taught both groups. MLM activities can be a highly effective tool for some student populations, especially when student preparation and buy-in are important for realizing significant gains.