bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do alcohol effects on interoception shape expectancies and subjective effects? A registered report using the heart rate discrimination task
Authors: Leganes-Fonteneau Mateo
Published: May 2023

Aims: Alcohol acutely impacts interoceptive processes, which in turn affect the perception of alcohol effects and the development of alcohol expectancies. However, previous research is limited by the tools used to measure cardiac interoception and subjective alcohol effects. This registered report proposes a re-examination of previous findings using a state-of-the-art measure of interoceptive capacity, the heart rate discrimination task, and measurements of subjective alcohol effects across both ascending and descending limbs.Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment, n=37 participants were given 0.4g/kg of ethanol, and a baseline measure of alcohol expectancies was obtained. Changes in interoceptive capacity after beverage administration, along with measures of light-headedness, mood, and biphasic alcohol effects, were assessed over two sessions.Hypotheses: As a registered in this secondary data analysis, alcohol is expected to acutely impact different indices of interoceptive capacity, and those changes are hypothesized to correlate with subjective alcohol effects and expectancies. Analyses will be conducted and results reported upon in-principle acceptance of this manuscript.
Cross-Checking Journalistic Fact-Checkers: The Role of Sampling and Scaling in Interpreting False and Misleading Statements
Authors: Markowitz David Matthew , Levine Timothy R. , Serota Kim B. , Moore Alivia
Published: May 2023

Professional fact-checkers and fact-checking organizations provide a critical public service. Skeptics of modern media, however, often question the accuracy and objectivity of fact-checkers. The current study assessed agreement among two independent fact-checkers, The Washington Post and PolitiFact, regarding the false and misleading statements of President Donald J. Trump. Differences in statement selection and deceptiveness scaling were investigated. The Washington Post checked PolitiFact fact-checks 77.4% of the time with 22.6% selection disagreement. Moderate agreement was observed for deceptiveness scaling. No disagreements were observed in bottom-line attributed veracity. Additional cross-checking with other sources (Snopes, FactCheck.org), original sources, and with fact-checking for the first 100 days of President Joe Biden’s administration were inconsistent with potential ideology effects. Our evidence suggests fact-checking is a difficult enterprise, there is considerable variability between fact-checkers in the raw number of statements that are checked, and finally, selection and scaling account for apparent discrepancies among fact-checkers.
Individual differences do not mask effects of unconscious processing
Authors: Yaron Itay , Faivre Nathan , Mudrik Liad , Mazor Matan
Published: May 2023

A wave of criticisms and replication failures is currently challenging claims about the scope of unconscious perception and cognition. Such failures to find unconscious processing effects at the population level may reflect the absence of individual-level effects, or alternatively, the averaging out of individual-level effects with opposing signs. Importantly, only the first suggests that consciousness may be necessary for the tested process to take place. To arbitrate between these two possibilities, we tested previously collected data where unconscious processing effects were not found (26 effects from 470 participants), using four frequentist and Bayesian tests that are robust to individual differences in effect signs. By and large, we found no reliable evidence for unconscious effects being masked by individual differences. In contrast, when we examined 135 non-significant effects from other domains, a novel non-parametric sign consistency test did reveal effects that were hidden by opposing individual results, though as we show, some of them might be driven by design-related factors. Taken together, four analysis approaches provide strong evidence for the restricted nature of unconscious processing effects not only across participants, but also across different trials within individuals. We provide analysis code and best-practice recommendations for testing for non-directional effects.
Increased anger and stress and heightened connectivity between IFG and vmPFC in victims during social interaction
Authors: Roehr Ann-Kristin , Kohn Nils , Bergs Rene , Clemens Benjamin , Lampert Angelika , Spehr Marc , Habel Ute , Wagels Lisa
Published: May 2023

Self-identification as a victim of violence may lead to increased negative emotions and stress and thus, may change both structure and function of the underlying neural network(s). In a trans-diagnostic sample of individuals who identified themselves as victims of violence and a matched control group with no prior exposure to violence, we employed a social exclusion paradigm, the Cyberball task, to stimulate the re-experience of stress. Participants were partially excluded in the ball-tossing game without prior knowledge. We analyzed group differences in brain activity and functional connectivity during exclusion versus inclusion in exclusion-related regions. The victim group showed increased anger and stress levels during all conditions. Activation patterns during the task did not differ between groups, but an enhanced functional connectivity between the IFG and the right vmPFC distinguished victims from controls during exclusion. This effect was driven by aberrant connectivity in victims during inclusion rather than exclusion, indicating that victimization affects emotional responses and inclusion-related brain connectivity rather than exclusion-related brain activity or connectivity. Victims may respond differently to the social context itself. Enhanced negative emotions and connectivity deviations during social inclusion may depict altered social processing and may thus affect social interactions.
Negative Emotional Reactivity and Maladaptive Emotional Regulation Strategies Mediate the Prospective Relationship Between Depression and Insomnia
Authors: Tsui Tsz Ching , Chan Wai Sze
Published: May 2023

Study Objectives: Emotional reactivity and regulation have been frequently proposed to explain the relationship between insomnia and depression. However, no longitudinal study has examined insomnia, depression, and emotional reactivity and regulation simultaneously and evaluated the mediating role of emotional reactivity and regulation. The current study investigated emotional reactivity and regulation as potential mediators of the insomnia-depression relationship in a three-wave longitudinal study over three months. Methods: Nine hundred and twenty-four participants with moderate to severe levels of insomnia were recruited (ages ranging from 16-69 years, 72.9% female). They filled out questionnaires that measured insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, emotional reactivity, and the use of emotion regulation strategies once per month for three months. Results: The results showed that depressive symptoms predicted insomnia symptoms (but not vice versa) via negative emotional reactivity, rumination, and catastrophizing. Conclusions: These novel findings highlighted the importance of targeting these aspects in emotional processes in assessing and treating individuals with insomnia and depression.
Life Thinning and Gaming Disorder: A Longitudinal Qualitative Registered Report
Authors: Karhulahti Veli-Matti , Siutila Miia , Vahlo Jukka , Koskimaa Raine
Published: May 2023

The academic debates regarding the psychiatric relevance of gaming disorder continue largely because the lived experiences of treatment-seekers remain mostly unstudied. This registered report addresses the above research gap with a longitudinal design that pursues a comparative descriptive understanding of how intensive gaming experiences evolve in both clinical and non-clinical life situations. Accompanied by a rich health survey, interpretive phenomenological analysis was adapted to understand in-depth interview data from treatment-seeking (n=5) and esports-playing (n=4) participants, the latter of which did not experience any gaming-related health problems. The interviews were carried out as a 1-year follow-up. The study finds intensive relationships with gaming to be experienced through multidimensional cyclicality. For treatment-seekers, this manifests through shifting problem processing that involves a search of new gaming and life meanings; meanwhile, for esports-playing participants, the meanings of gaming evolve and can rapidly adapt to unexpected life events. We propose life thinning and resilience-integration processes as working models that can help better describe and theoretically explain how some individuals end up seeking gaming-related treatment, whereas for others gaming continues to be part of their identity and resilience. The findings call for more qualitative registered reports with treatment-seekers and other intensively gaming people from different cultures to better understand the spectrum of intensive gaming phenomenologically— and specifically, what it means for people to seek treatment for their gaming.
Examining the Network Structure among Moral Functioning Components with Network Analysis
Authors: Han Hyemin
Published: May 2023

I explored the association between components constituting the basis for moral and optimal human functioning, i.e., moral reasoning, moral identity, empathy, and purpose, via network analysis. I employed factor scores instead of composite scores that most previous studies used for better accuracy in score estimation in this study. Then, I estimated the network structure among collected variables and centrality indicators. For additional information, the structure and indicators were compared between two groups, participants who engaged in civic activities highly versus lowly. The results demonstrated significant intra- and inter-scale associations in the network. The network structure was invariant across the two groups. Despite the network invariance, I found that the global connectivity between and centrality indicators of examined factors were higher among the high civic engagement group in general. I discussed the implications of the findings in research on moral functioning based on moral psychology and virtue ethics.
The emotion paradox in the aging body and brain
Authors: Mather Mara
Published: May 2023

With age, parasympathetic activity decreases while sympathetic activity increases. Thus, the typical older adult has low heart rate variability (HRV) and high noradrenaline levels. Younger adults with this physiological profile tend to be unhappy and stressed. Yet, with age, emotional experience tends to improve. Why doesn’t older adults’ emotional well-being suffer as their HRV decreases? To address this apparent paradox, I present the autonomic compensation model. In this model, failing organs, the initial phases of Alzheimer’s pathology, and other age-related diseases trigger noradrenergic hyperactivity. To compensate, older brains increase autonomic regulatory activity in pregenual prefrontal cortex (PFC). Age-related declines in nerve conduction reduce the ability of the pregenual PFC to reduce hyperactive noradrenergic activity and increase peripheral HRV. But these pregenual PFC autonomic compensation efforts have a significant impact in the brain, where they bias processing in favor of stimuli that tend to increase parasympathetic activity (e.g., stimuli that increase feelings of safety) and against stimuli that tend to increase sympathetic activity (e.g., threatening stimuli). In summary, the autonomic compensation model posits that age-related chronic sympathetic/noradrenergic hyperactivity stimulates regulatory attempts that have the side effect of enhancing emotional well-being.
“Expectation” or “Exception”: Examining the Effect of Norms on Moral Self-Image and Behavioural Spillovers
Authors: Koaik Fatima , Krpan Dario , Dolan Paul
Published: May 2023

Does breaking the line in a context where queuing is the expectation bear similar self-perception and emotions compared to breaking the line in a context where queueing is the exception? We present a theoretical framework that differentiates between behaviours that are the “Expectation” and others that are the “Exception”. We tested this framework on a sample of participants from the UK by comparing standing in line (as the expectation) and getting an electric car (as the exception). The findings show that when participants wait in line (i.e., do conform to the expectation) and do not buy an electric car (i.e., do not engage in the exception) they feel neutral in terms of emotions and their perceived moral self-image. However, when participants break the line (do not conform to the expectation), they felt negative about themselves and felt positive when buying an electric car (engage in the exception). This study proves that social expectations moderate the effect of engaging in positive behaviour on experienced emotions and moral self-image.
Practicing Responsible Research Assessment: Qualitative study of Faculty Hiring, Promotion, and Tenure Assessments in the United States
Authors: Rushforth Alexander , de Rijcke Sarah
Published: May 2023

Recent times have seen the growth in the number and scope of interacting professional reform movements in science, centered on themes such as open research, research integrity, responsible research assessment, and responsible metrics. The responsible metrics movement identifies the growing influence of quantitative performance indicators as a major problem and seeks to steer and improve practices around their use. It is a multi-actor, multi-disciplinary reform movement premised upon engendering a sense of responsibility among academic evaluators to approach metrics with caution and avoid certain poor practices. In this article we identify how academic evaluators engage with the responsible metrics agenda, via semi-structured interview and open-text survey responses on professorial hiring, tenure and promotion assessments among senior academics in the United States – a country that has so far been less visibly engaged with the responsible metrics reform agenda. We explore how notions of ‘responsibility’ are experienced and practiced among the very types of professionals international reform initiatives such as the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) are hoping to mobilize into their cause. In doing so, we draw on concepts from science studies, including from literatures on Responsible Research and Innovation and ‘folk theories’ of citation. We argue that literature on citation folk theories should extend its scope beyond simply asking researchers how they view the role and validity of these tools as performance measures, by asking them also what they consider are their professional obligations to handle bibliometrics appropriately.
Music Therapy and Functional Music: How Worked with Mirror Neuron System
Authors: Liu Hangqi , Tian Siyu , Tan Huibing
Published: May 2023

Music therapy has been practiced in music and medical education for many years in China. Functional music is also widely used in many arenas and/or commercial places, etc. However, music therapy is not systematically accepted by national medical system. Some conservatories and medical schools in China also have music therapy majors, and music therapists in China have outpatient clinics and treatment rooms in sports rehabilitation and attached children's hospitals, as well as independent music therapy clinics. However, many hospitals still have concerns when conducting and preparing for music therapy because there is no guideline for fees. In some specialized affiliated hospitals, music therapy has been established to strengthen comprehensive treatment, and due to the problem of charging standards, although music therapy is given to necessary patients, it is still low and free of charge, and the personnel expenses of this treatment project are allocated by the hospital. And music therapy is not covered by health insurance. Briefly, with reviewed several textbooks of music therapy, we hypotheses that mirror neuron system may play potential role in music therapy. We also believe that the mirror neuron system plays important role in so called social brain. Compared with foreign countries, more effort should be made to carry out scientific research in music related with medicine and neuroscience in China institutes.
Better to grow up poor in a richer place? Social housing, neighbourhood comparisons, and English teenagers’ lives
Authors: Bezzo Franco Bonomi , Vanhuysse Pieter
Published: May 2023

How does being comparatively socio-economically disadvantaged within their neighbourhood affect the lived experiences of young teenagers? We explore this question on a sample of 13 to 15-year-old teenagers living in social housing in England. We explore three major domains of problems in young teenagers’ lives: (a) their sense of generally leading a bad life, (b) conflictual family interactions, and (c) unhappy social interactions with their peers. We find that living in a social housing estate within a less deprived neighbourhood does not negatively affect teenagers’ general sense of leading a bad life and does not increase conflictual family interactions. But it does make them less likely to report unhappy social interactions with their peers, indicating a positive effect of social mixing at the neighbourhood level.
New Methods for Old Questions: Predicting Historical Urban Renewal Areas in the United States
Authors: Xu Wenfei
Published: May 2023

Mid-20th urban renewal in the United States was transformational for the physical urban fabric and socioeconomic trajectories of these neighborhoods and its displaced residents. However, there is little research that systematically investigates its impacts due to incomplete national data. This article uses a multiple machine learning method to discover 204 new Census tracts that were likely sites of federal urban renewal, highway construction related demolition, and other urban renewal projects between 1949 and 1970. It also aims to understand the factors motivating the decision to “renew” certain neighborhoods. I find that race, housing age, and homeownership are all determinants of renewal. Moreover, by stratifying the analysis along neighborhoods perceived to be more or less risky, I also find that race and housing age are two distinct channels that influence renewal.
Review of “Metaphors in the History of Economic Thought: Crises, Business Cycles and Equilibrium” edited by Roberto Baranzini and Daniele Besomi
Authors: Boianovsky Mauro
Published: May 2023

Review of “Metaphors in the History of Economic Thought: Crises, Business Cycles and Equilibrium” edited by Roberto Baranzini and Daniele Besomi
BUILDING INTEGRATED MODELS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMICS: THE CASE OF GORDON’S 1954 FISHERY MODEL
Authors: Parent Baptiste , Mouysset Lauriane , Missemer Antoine , Levrel Harald
Published: May 2023

Environmental and natural resource economics lies inherently at the interface between economic and natural dynamics (e.g. geological constraints, climate change, biodiversity evolution). Building models in that field often means building integrated models, calling on knowledge and methods from both economics and physics, climatology, biology or ecology. Howard Scott Gordon’s 1954 article on fishery economics is considered to be seminal in the history of bioeconomic modeling, integrating biological and economic variables in a microeconomic model. Yet the precise role played by biology in Gordon’s initial work remains unclear. On the basis of archival material and thorough analysis of Gordon’s early research, this paper examines Gordon’s model building and his persistent oscillation between two objectives – the production of a heuristic economic model with standard assumptions and the conception of a predictive policy tool relevant from a fishery-biology standpoint – and how he finally favored the first over the second. Moreover, contrary to received wisdom, we show that it was not Gordon but biologist Milner B. Schaefer who transformed Gordon’s model into an integrated model. These results shed new light not only on Gordon’s 1954 contribution but also on a whole tradition of integrated environmental and natural resource economics models, based on his work.
Embracing Generational Labels: An Analysis of Self-Identification and Sociopolitical Alignment
Authors: Lindner Andrew Micah , Stelboum Sophia , Hakim Azizul
Published: May 2023

Despite the popularity of generational labels like Boomers, Gen X, Millennials, and Gen Z in mass media, social scientists have debated their usefulness and accuracy in research. Consequently, little is known about the actual rate of self-identification with these generational labels in the US population. This study investigated these labels as social identities and examined the extent of intra-generational variation in identification rates by birth year. Additionally, we explored the associations among political partisanship, demographic factors, and generational self-identification. Using logistic regression analyses of data from a nationally representative survey of 1,478 Americans, we find that a majority of respondents self-identify with their “correct” corresponding generational labels but individuals with birth years in the middle of the generational range exhibit much higher rates of self-identification. However, our analysis reveals little evidence for variation in generational self-identification based on party, race, or other demographic characteristics.
Extremists of a Feather Flock Together? Community Structure and Patterns of Homophily in the US Islamist Co-Offending Network
Authors: Schwarzenbach Anina , Jensen Michael
Published: May 2023

Violence is exacerbated in small close-knit groups and through social identi cation processes.Furthermore, the homophily principle postulates that individuals tend to form relationshipsbecause of shared characteristics. We analyze the community structure of the Islamist co-o endingnetwork { a highly violent social network { and assess whether shared characteristics increase theprobability to form co-o ending ties. We rely on a new database on the individual attributes andthe co-o ending relationships of 503 Islamist o enders radicalized in the United States between1948 and 2020. Using community detection algorithms, we show that the US Islamist co-o endingnetwork is highly clustered, modular, and includes only a few large communities. Furthermore,results from the exponential random graph modeling evidence the roles of spatial proximity,ideological a liation, and shared social characteristics in driving co-o ending among US Islamists.Overall, these  ndings demonstrate that small, local communities and homophily shape violentsocial networks.
What the Purple Women of Oakmont Taught Me About Aging and Resilience: Qualitative Perspectives from Lesbian Women
Authors: de Silva M. W. Amarasiri
Published: May 2023

This study examines verbal histories of lesbian culture by women aged 65+ years of age who reside in a retirement community. We examine how key aspects of Californian lesbian women’s’ lives, including activism, gender discrimination, parent-child relationships, alcoholism, and mental health have morphed into a highly unique and robust elderly culture. This research interviewed 8 women residing in a 55+ active community in Oakmont, California. We utilized an open-ended interview method in anthropology to guide the conversations with women. Age range of the sample varied from 65 to 81 years (median age = 74). Findings show that lesbian women in the Oakmont community felt isolated and “other” in their early lives and women of color considered this alienation as a challenge to daily life. Social relationships, community support systems, high-level activism, and professionalism helped lesbian women combat potential discrimination and barriers to quality of life and care. Yet, homophobia remains a pertinent issue and fear for elderly lesbians. Many women interviewed mentioned they take precautions in public life to keep their lesbian status protected from discrimination. Given the overturning of Roe v Wade in 2022, anger, fear, depression, and frustration were shared emotions that lesbian women felt as they continue to fear the instability of gay rights. Primary obstacles that many women anticipated facing included their rights to privacy, inequality for children of LGBTQ+ couples, and religious discrimination.
假借字成因探寻——汉字声音的秘密
Authors: Tang Jing
Published: May 2023

This paper takes phonetic loan characters as the object of study, and analyzes that the reason why phonetic loan characters appear in large numbers in ancient pre-Qin texts is that phonetic loan characters tend to express similar shapes and can be substituted for each other. It is further pointed out that because phonetic loan characters express similar shapes, the sounds of Chinese characters can also express certain shapes. Finally, it concludes that the shape of the sound of Chinese characters is expressed by a combination of the expression of the initial consonants and the expression of the compound vowels.
‘The Ruler of the Powers of the Air’: Ephesians 2:2 and ‘The Present World Order’.
Authors: Blaber Richard Michael
Published: May 2023

This paper will examine, briefly, the issue of the authorship and date of the Letter to the Ephesians, before subjecting Eph.2:2 to close analysis, asking what is meant by the Koiné Greek phrase archonta tēs exousias tou aeros, seeking to learn lessons from literature and comparative mythology regarding its symbolism, and then explaining the meaning of the phrase huiois tēs alētheias.
The Stratified Effect of Extreme Temperatures on Birth Outcomes: The Role of Energy Prices
Authors: Rubio-Cabañez Maria
Published: May 2023

This paper fills a notable gap in the existing literature by examining how energy prices moderate the effects of extreme temperatures during pregnancy on birth outcomes. It uses a sharp increase in energy prices that occurred in Spain in March 2021 as identification strategy and incorporates a new weather dataset that increases the number of monitors from which weather data is derived in previous research by more than six-fold. The results show that the negative effects of extreme temperatures on birth weight are amplified at higher energy prices, especially for mothers of lower socioeconomic status. By focusing on how energy prices moderate the impact of extreme temperatures on birth outcomes, opportunities arise for policy interventions aimed at reducing health inequalities at birth. Moreover, given the critical role that events in utero play in individuals' later development, such policies have the potential not only to reduce health inequalities at birth, but also to address broader inequalities in long-term outcomes.
Uncertainty in Crisis Bargaining with Multiple Policy Options
Authors: Kenkel Brenton , Schram Peter
Published: May 2023

Formal models commonly characterize interstate bargaining as dichotomous, ending in either war or peace. But there are many forms of coercion—including supporting rebel groups, sanctions, and cyberattacks. How does the availability of intermediate policy options affect the incidence of war and peace? We present an analysis of crisis bargaining models with intermediate policy options that challenges conventional results about the relationship between private information and negotiation outcomes. In our "flexible-response" modeling framework, unlike in traditional crisis bargaining models, we find that greater private war payoffs may be associated with a lower probability of war or worse settlement values. When intermediate options are available, the relationship between the private efficacy of war and the private efficacy of these other options largely determines equilibrium outcomes. By utilizing the tools of mechanism design, we derive game-form free results on how private information shapes international conflict, regardless of the precise negotiating protocol.
Living Work - Rethinking approaches to the management of teaching staff within a dance conservatoire
Authors: Else James
Published: May 2023

I am currently writing this abstract whilst also arranging cover for tomorrow’s teaching sessions, giving my daughter a bath, and cooking tea. This highlights for me that the management strategies and working approaches descended from 19th century sociological ideals and industrial factory work are no longer fit for purpose. This project aims to test a different organisational strategy for the management of teaching staff at Northern School of Contemporary Dance (NSCD), a dance conservatoire in the North of England. This strategy will focus on maintaining productivity, increasing motivation, whilst better reflecting the complex relationship between work and life within the multifaceted paradigms of current social structures.
Le Jacobin mécanique par Russel Kirk
Authors: Remy Sylvain Pierre
Published: May 2023

Translation to French of Russel Kirk's The Mechanical Jacobin (1962). Traduction en français de The Mechanical Jacobin de Russel Kirk (1962).
A biopsychosocial analysis of Arthur’s developmental status in the film “Joker”
Authors: Venieri Aspasia
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this paper is to provide a biopsychosocial analysis of the developmental status of Arthur Fleck, the young adult protagonist in the film “Joker” by exploring the emotional, cognitive, physical, social and cultural diversity domains. The theories of the following scholars are employed to explain Arthur’s pathways to become the ‘Joker’: Freud (1856-1939); Mahler (1955); Erikson (1963, 1968); Bowlby (1969-1971); Ainsworth (1978-1993); Kohlberg (1969); McAdams (2001, 2015); Bronfenbrenner (1995); Marcia (1980); Super (1976, 1980); Holland (1997); Brown & Lent (2016); Sternberg (1986).
Managing Government Hierarchy: Electoral Turnover and Intra-Governmental Cooperation
Authors: Li Christopher M. , Sasso Greg , Turner Ian R
Published: May 2023

Theories of political accountability often consider voter-politician interactions in isolation from politician-bureaucrat interactions. We study a model of electoral accountability with a governing hierarchy: voter-politician-bureaucrat. The politician and bureaucrat both produce government output valued by the voter. The voter controls the politician via election and the politician provides incentives to bureaucrats. We show that when times are conducive to high quality governance---budgets are large and players are farsighted---incorporating the politician-bureaucrat relationship leads to weaker accountability standards. However, when times are tough and budgets are small or players are myopic voters may benefit from adopting more demanding standards.
SparseMomentum 2: Constructing highly Sparse DNNs using Iterative Momentum-based pruning
Authors: Ruiqi  , washington elvin , Xiaochen.Tang
Published: May 2023

Deep Neural Networks have been used in a wide variety of applications with significant success. However, their highly complex nature owing to comprising millions of parameters has lead to problems during deployment in pipelines with low latency requirements. As a result, it is more desirable to obtain lightweight neural networks which have the same performance during inference time. In this work, we propose a weight based pruning approach in which the weights are pruned gradually based on their momentum of the previous iterations. Each layer of the neural network is assigned an importance value based on their relative sparsity, followed by the magnitude of the weight in the previous iterations. We evaluate our approach on networks such as AlexNet, VGG16 and ResNet50 with image classification datasets such as CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100. We found that the results outperformed the previous approaches with respect to accuracy and compression ratio. Our method is able to obtain a compression of 15$\times$ for the same degradation in accuracy on both the datasets.
Two-Stream CNNs for Human Action Recognition in Video Data Systems
Authors: Ruiqi  , Kang Mark KyungPyo , Xiaochen.Tang  , CHEN Jiarui , Li Ping
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we propose a feature pruning method that utilizes the spatio-temporal neighborhood of each feature in a video sequence to eliminate irrelevant or redundant features. Additionally, we assume that human movements are highly correlated with sound emissions, and thus employ canonical correlation analysis to determine the correlation between audio and visual features before fusing them. Our approach is evaluated on two datasets containing political speeches and human interactions from TV shows, and experimental results demonstrate its superiority over several baseline and alternative methods for recognizing human behavior. Overall, our method provides a promising approach for improving human action recognition in video data.
A Novel Antibacterial and Biocompatible Ta-Ag Coating Fabricated by Cold Spray Technology
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Yin Shuo , Lupoi Rocco , O'Brien Fergal J , Genoud Katelyn J , Xie Yingchun
Published: May 2023

Infection caused by bacterial contamination is a critical problem challenging the successful use of medical implants in orthopaedic and dental applications. Consequently, medical implants with antibacterial abilities are in high demand. Tantalum and silver have been previously characterized to have excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial ability, but due to their significantly different properties, it is challenging to manufacture Ta-Ag components via thermal processing methods. Herein, by taking advantage of the unique characteristics of cold spray (CS) technology, an antibacterial Ta-Ag coating was successfully fabricated for the first time. In the CS process, blended Ta-Ag powders with different Ag concentrations were used to fabricate CS Ta-Ag coatings. Their antibacterial ability was preliminary tested and deposition behaviour was systematically investigated. The coating significantly reduced the metabolic activity of S. aureus bacteria, and a better deposition efficiency was obtained by blended Ta-Ag powder. It was found that soft Ag could aggregate in the coating and hard Ta particles were prone to rebound, which induced the peening effect for Ag and mass loss of Ta in the final coating Moreover, the clue of metallurgy bonding between Ta and Ag was detected in the region that experienced severe deformation despite their immiscibility.
Additive Manufacturing of Channels and Surface Features Using Wire-Arc Spray
Authors: Palumbo Joshua , Ramaraju Ramgopal Varma , Chandra Sanjeev
Published: May 2023

Developing a cost-effective fabrication method for devices containing metal channels with surface features on the submillimeter scale is essential for the development of novel, high efficiency micro-reactors and heat sinks. Traditional methods are limited by their high cost, low geometric accuracy, high energy consumption, and long processing times. This study presents a low-cost additive manufacturing method using twin wire arc spray to make surface features at the sub-millimeter scale. Water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) paste is first placed onto a mold containing a negative of the desired surface features and allowed to cure. The cured PVA is removed from the negative and metal sprayed onto its surface. The deposited metal film was backed by epoxy for added rigidity. The PVA paste was then dissolved in a water bath, resulting in a metal surface with the surface features of the mold. Surface features with length scales as small as 200 μm were reproduced. Coating delamination was prevented by minimizing the temperature of the substrate during spraying by increasing the standoff distance and scanning speed of the spray torch.
Tribological Assessment of Cold Sprayed Aluminum-Quasicrystal Composite Coatings
Authors: Jafari Reza , Vippola Minnamari , Koivuluoto Heli , Cizek Jan , Lukac Frantisek , Cvrcek Ladislav , Buril Matej , Walter Jan , Kiilakoski Jarkko , Honkanen Mari , Vippola Minnamari
Published: May 2023

Cold spray (CS) technology has proven an enormous potential in the production of composite coatings, enabling a production of materials with superior qualities such as enhanced tribological behavior. This study aims to investigate the tribological properties of CS Al-based composite coatings reinforced by quasicrystalline (QC) particles. Two different Al alloys were used as the matrix, AA 6061 and AA 2024, and mixed with Al-based QC particles (Al-Cr-Fe-Cu) at different Al/QC ratios. A room-temperature ball-on-disc test was then used to evaluate the wear resistance of the CS composite coatings in air and compared to those of the CS non-reinforced Al alloy coatings as well as cast counterparts (AA 6061-T6). We have demonstrated that CS could be employed to produce dense and thick Al-QC composites. Further, the addition of the QC particles into the structure increased the wear resistance of the matrix resistance up to 8 times.
High Ductility and Strength by Internal Interface Recrystallization of Cold Sprayed Zinc and its Fracture Behavior
Authors: Huang Chunjie , Wiehler Levke , List Alexander , Elsenberg Andreas , Gärtner Frank , Klassen Thomas , Fu Banglong , Chen Ting , Klusemann Benjamin , Zhang Zhengmao , Li Wenya
Published: May 2023

Tailoring strength and ductility in additive manufacturing or repair is key to successful applications. Therefore, cold spraying must be tuned for maximum amounts of well-bonded internal interfaces as well as sufficient softening of the highly workhardened deposit. Zinc (Zn) with its low melting temperature is an ideal model system to study phenomena associated with high strain rate deformation and local temperature distributions, both, in single impacts and thicker deposits. Bonding and recrystallization can be facilitated by covering selected wide parameter regimes in cold spraying. Despite the low temperatures, Zn single splats already show recrystallization at internal interfaces, the respective amounts then scaling with increasing process gas temperatures. At higher process temperatures, deposits are almost fully recrystallized. The recrystallization seems to improve bonding at internal and at deposit-substrate interfaces. Under optimum conditions, an ultimate deposit cohesive strength of up to 135 MPa and an elongation to failure of 18.4% are reached, comparable to that of laser-manufactured or bulk Zn parts. This demonstrates a welltuned interplay between high amounts of bonded interfaces and softening by recrystallization that allows for deriving bulk-like performance of cold sprayed material without additional posttreatments. Correlations between microstructures, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanisms supply information about prerequisites needed for reaching high ductility as obtained in damage and failure modes of deposits and bulk materials in global and local approaches.
Influence of Current Modulation on Particle Sizes by Wire Arc Atomizing
Authors: Weis Sebastian , Brumm Stefan , Grunert Robin , Halmaghi Manuel , Morgenschweis Jan , Bosler Jürgen
Published: May 2023

Additive manufacturing with metal powders enables a high degree of design diversity and an enormous material flexibility for components. The development of new products using special alloys requires just a small amount of powder. Therefore, a wire arc spraying process using nitrogen is applied for powder production by atomizing. The remaining oxygen content, the nitrogen temperature and pressure in the atomizing chamber are monitored to ensure consistent quality. The power source enables direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). Further parameters like basic current Iground, pulse current Ipulse, pulse duration tpulse, impulse frequency fpulse and alternating current frequency fAC can be varied. On the process side, the following parameters are recorded during the tests: current, voltage, wire feed speed and flow rate of the atomizing gas as well as oxygen content and temperature inside the spray chamber. These parameters have an influence on particle size and composition. The aim is to influence the melting behavior by electrical and other process parameters. The investigations are carried out on solid wires made of an iron-based alloy EN ISO 14341-A: G42 4 M21/2 C1 3 Si1, AWS A 5.18: ER 70-6.
Printed Thermal Sensors for Harsh Environment by Plasma Spray
Authors: Duminica Florin D. , Karuppasamy Muthu , Guaino Philippe
Published: May 2023

Temperature sensors are critical components in many industrial and research applications, particularly in harsh environments where high temperatures, corrosion and mechanical stress are prevalent. In this paper, we investigate the use of plasma spray technique as a versatile and simple method to print thermocouples and Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) on metallic and ceramic substrates. The thermocouples based on NiCr-NiAl coatings were directly printed using thick metallic masks, while the RTD’s were structured using laser ablation. The manufacturing methods and the preliminary characterization of these temperature sensors are presented and discussed.
Functionalization of Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics for EMF-Shielding Applications
Authors: Reif Manuel , Gebauer Jana , Paul Alexander , Rothe Christiane , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: May 2023

With an increasing demand for lower fuel consumption of different means of transportation, the demand for lightweight construction materials is rising. In this frame, usually metallic parts can be replaced by components consisting of fiberreinforced plastics. On the other hand, the components lose their electromagnetic field (EMF) shielding properties, which are required for many applications such as housings for electrical components. This issue can be solved by applying electrically conductive foils or meshes, often by a manual process that increases the time of production and process. In this publication, the application and parameter influence of thermally sprayed electrically conductive coatings for EMFshielding applications is discussed. Laser structuring is used as a novel surface preparation process, for the subsequent thermal spray process. The influence of the used laser-parameters is discussed accordingly. The coatings are applied by the wire-arc spray with Zinc feedstock as well as the atmospheric plasma spray (APS) process with Copper feedstock. It was found that coating properties such as adhesion strength, EMF-shield strength as well as electrical properties are provided by the proposed technology.
Characterisation of Shrouded Plasma-Sprayed Al4C3-Ni Alloy Composite Coatings as Novel Bond Coats for TBCs
Authors: Kan Wen-Fa , Matthews Steven
Published: May 2023

Ni/Co-based alloys have been widely employed as bond coats (BCs) in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to provide oxidation resistance through the formation of a dense thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer. TGO thickening is a major contributor to TBC failure. Conventional approaches to minimize its growth have included refinement/optimization of the BC composition, deposition techniques, and post-treatments. However, these approaches have only led to incremental improvements in TBC performance and do not directly address the effect of the thin interfacial oxide layer on the TBC lifetime. In a shift from conventional thinking, the development of an Al4C3-Ni alloy composite BC aims to overcome the challenges generated by current TGOs. Post-deposition heat treatment tailors the coating microstructure to form a continuous internal carbide network. At elevated temperatures, the Al4C3 preferentially oxidizes to form an interlacing protective Al2O3 “root” that provides better TGO anchoring and reduces TBC thermal mismatch with the substrate. In this paper, the coatings were manufactured through gas-shrouded plasma spraying using various parameters to optimize the degree of inflight carbide dissolution and minimize the extent of coating porosity and cracking. XRD and carbon analysis were performed on the coatings and the microstructure was observed using SEM. Differences between coatings are discussed in relation to the spraying parameters.
Supersaturated Solid Solution Formation in the Metastable Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy Al0.3CoCrFeNiMo0.75 by Laser Metal Deposition and Degradation of Wear Resistance by Segregation
Authors: Preuß Bianca , Lindner Thomas , Lampke Thomas
Published: May 2023

In particular, eutectic HEAs (EHEAs) are of interest for coating technology. The microstructure of these multiphase systems is determined by the cooling conditions during solidification and the heat treatment condition. High cooling rates can suppress segregation and allow the formation of a supersaturated solid solution microstructure. Therefore, the property profile differs from that of the equilibrium state. The effect of cooling conditions on the functional properties of EHEA coatings has not been investigated so far. In the current study, the microstructure formation and wear resistance of the metastable EHEA Al0.3CoCrFeNiMo0.75 was investigated. Laser metal deposition (LMD) of the inert gas atomized powder forms a directional vertically solidified lamellar structure. A supersaturated solid solution and a metastable BCC and HCP phase was formed. The microstructure resembles a Widmanstätten structure. By spark plasma sintering (SPS), a statistically distributed orientation of the fine lamellae was produced. The highest microhardness and oscillating wear resistance were detected for the ultrafine LMD coating. By increase of the microstructure domain size, the hardness and oscillating wear resistance decrease. This study reveals the great potential of supersaturated solid solutions of ultrafine EHEAs obtained by LMD processing with high cooling rates.
Hybrid Aerosol Deposition of Dense Al2O3 Coatings and Evaluation of the Through-Thickness Effect
Authors: Shahien Mohammed , Shinoda Kentaro
Published: May 2023

Hybrid aerosol deposition (HAD) has been proposed recently as a new coating regime to deposit homogeneous ceramic coatings via the utilization of mesoplasma and solid particle deposition. This study will discuss the implementation of HAD for the deposition of alumina (Al2O3) coatings on 304 stainless steel and aluminum substrates, and evaluation of the hardness and Young’s modulus using a nanoindentation method to clarify the through-thickness properties. Dense and uniform coatings with a nanocrystalline structure were fabricated on both substrate materials. The fabricated HAD coatings consisted of α-Al2O3 phase. The hardness and Young’s modulus distributions along the through-thickness direction showed a significant difference across the coating-substrate interface and tended to show a slight decrease by 10-15% as the measured position went close the surface. Increasing the hardness and Young’s modulus on the substrate side near the interface is presumably related to the peeing effect of the substrate as well as the increase of interface roughness during the room temperature impact consolidation (RTIC) and deformation of the hard ceramic particles on the substrate. The decrease in the coating’s mechanical properties along the through-thickness direction is considered to be related to the particle deformation tendency during the coating build-up. At the beginning stage of the deposition, initial particles are impacting on a metallic substrate which is ductile enough to facile plastic deformation and the deposited layer can have an enough hammering effect by the subsequent impacting particles. The hardness and Young’s modulus in this location are 15.6 GPa and 246 GPa, respectively, and the highest through the thickness in case of the stainless steel substrate. However, the later particles are impacting on a hard ceramic surface (initially formed HAD Al2O3 layers), which hardly undergo plastic deformation or led to less particle deformation. In addition, through-thickness measurements revealed that the deposited coatings on the stainless steel substrate showed higher hardness than deposited coatings on aluminum substrates. Thus, the stainless steel enhances the degree of deformation of the deposited particles, and the resulted smaller crystallite size and strain lead to increased hardness and modulus.