bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instructional interactions in online classroom of English for nursing
Authors: Dahlina Ulinuha , Setiyani Solis , Wulandari Ratih Ayu , Sintawati Fairus
Published: October 2022

Pandemic COVID-19 had limited teacher-students and student-student interactions in face-to-face classroom. Whereas, nursing students need to make many interactions to develop their English language proficiency for their professional life in the future. This research aimed to investigate nursing students’ perceptions toward instructional interactions in online classes of English for Nursing Course. The study was descriptive, in which a structured questionnaire and in-depth interview were employed to 40 nursing students. The results showed that many students agreed that online classes of English for Nursing created a new learning paradigm. They also agreed that the teacher played an important role to facilitate teacher-student and student-student interactions. Besides, learning media and internet connection facility helped them to find online classes attractive. Thus, the researchers suggested teachers of English for Nursing to play their role well in providing instructional interactions and attractive learning media. The availability of stabile connection also needs to be facilitated.
Eco enzyme production from fruit peel waste and its application as an anti-bacterial and TSS reducing agent
Authors: Suliestyah Suliestyah , Aryanto Reza , Palit Christin , Yulianti Ririn , Suudi Bambang C , Meitdwitri Angelia
Published: October 2022

The increasing volume of organic waste in garbage dump facilities will emit methane gas, which is one of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming. By producing eco enzymes from fruit peel and vegetable waste, we can minimize organic waste while also creating beneficial products. In this research, eco-enzyme was produced from papaya, dragon fruit, and orange peel waste mixed with water and molasses. The weight ratio between water, organic compounds, and molasses was 10:3:1. The mixture was fermented for 3 months. The DNS method was used to test enzyme activity; the ASTM 2315:2008 method was used to measure bacteria killing power; and the SNI 06-6989-3-2004 method was used to measure TSS levels in liquid waste.The Eco enzyme product generated from this research has an amylase enzyme activity of 2.15 and a cellulase activity of 1.69. Eco enzyme effectiveness in killing E. coli bacteria reaches 99.95% and P. aeruginosa bacteria at 99.90% with only 20% of eco enzyme concentration within 15 seconds of contact time. The results of liquid waste processing using this eco enzyme show that TSS reduction rate is 65-88% on an initial TSS concentration of 345 ppm.
A Robust Second-Order Conic Programming Model with Effective Budget of Uncertainty in the Optimal Power Flow Problem
Authors: Zhang Lie , Fakhrabadi Reza , Khoshkhoo Maryam , Salama Husien
Published: October 2022

Integrating large-scale wind energy in modern power systems necessitates high-efficiency mathematical models to address classical assumptions in power systems. In particular, two main assumptions for wind energy integration in power systems have not been adequately studied. First, nonlinear AC power flow equations have been linearized in most of the literature. Such simplifications can lead to inaccurate power flow calculations and result in technical issues. Second, wind power uncertainties are inevitable and have been mostly modeled using traditional uncertainty modeling techniques, which may not be suitable for large-scale wind power integration. In this study, we addressed both challenges: we developed a tight second-order conic relaxation model for the optimal power flow problem and implemented the novel effective budget of uncertainty approach for uncertainty modeling to determine the maximum wind power admissibility and address the uncertainty in the model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that proposes an effective, robust second-order conic programming model that simultaneously addresses the issues of power flow linearization and wind power uncertainty with the new paradigm on the budget of uncertainty approach. The numerical results revealed the advantages of the proposed model over traditional linearized power flow equations and traditional uncertainty modeling techniques.
An Interview with Dr. David G. Smithard
Authors: Editorial Office OBM Geriatrics
Published: October 2022

Open AccessOBM GeriatricsInterviewAn Interview with Dr. David G. SmithardOBM Geriatrics Editorial OfficeLIDSEN Publishing Inc., 2000 Auburn Drive, One Chagrin Highlands, Suite 200, Beachwood, OH, USA; E-Mail: geriatrics@lidsen.comOBM Geriatrics 2022, volume 6, issue 4 doi:10.21926/obm.geriatr.2204207Received: October 09, 2022Accepted: October 09, 2022Published: October 09, 2022
کۆزانیاری، جۆر و بوارەکانی
Authors: Faraj Shakhawan Jalal , Jafar Nigar Star
Published: October 2022

ئەم توێژینەوەیە هەوڵدەدات کۆزانیاری،لە چێوەی (درکپێکردنی پڕاگماتیکی "Pragmatic Cognitive") ی (زانستی زمانی درکپێکردن"Cognitive Linguistics")دا، کە بنەمایە بۆ دروستبوونی (کۆزانیاری) بخاتەڕوو، بەوپێیەی (کۆزانیاری) لە جەوهەردا  لە دنیابینی مرۆڤ و واتای بەکارهێنان (پڕاگماتیک)، کە مرۆڤ لە ڕێگەی ئەزموونکردنەوە شارەزایان دەبێت و بە ڕێگەی (بەچەمککردن) لە ئاوەزدا دادەکرێن پێکدێت، لێرەشەوە مەرج نییە هەمیشە ( کرۆک،ڕستە ناوەڕۆک "Proposition")ێک، وەک یەکەیەکی هەڵگری زانیاری ڕاستبێت، بەڵام کرۆکەکە بە تەنها نییە، بەڵکو چەندین زانیاری و لایەنی تر لەخۆ دەگرێت،کە دەبێتە هۆی بەرهەمهێنانی نیانییەک لە پڕۆسەکانی درکپێکردندا،کە بریتیین لە (سەرنجدان، تێگەیشتن، فێربوون،بڕیاردان.....)و هۆکارە بۆ گەیشتن بە ڕاستەقینە، ئەمەش ئەوە ڕووندەکاتەوە ،کۆزانیاری لە ڕێگەی هاوبەشیپێکردن و کاری ڕێکخراوەیی و کۆمەڵدا پەرەدەسەنێت ،تەنها پشت بە مەرجی ڕاستی و پاساوەکەی نابەستێت، بەڵکو فێربوونی کرداریی و جێبەجێکردنی کارەکی پاساو، بەهۆی ئەزموونکردنەوە پێواژۆکانی درکپێکردن، بۆ گەشەکردن و بەرهەمهێنانی زیاتر ئاڕاستە دەکەن، لەمڕوانگەیەشەوە (زانستی زمانی درکپێکردن)، گرنگی بە  هەردوو لایەنی ئاوەزیی و ئەزموونکردن،کە بەهۆی پێنج هەستەکەوە بە دەستدێت دەدات، کە بنەمایە بۆ گەشەکردنی (درکپێکردنی کۆزانیاری "Knowledge Cognitive") ئەمەش وادەکات بوارەکانی کۆزانیاری لە باری تایبەتیدا، بە شێوەیەکی داینامیکی، لە بوارێکەوە بۆ بوارێکی تر بگۆڕدرێت.
What Does DALL-E 2 Know About Radiology? (Preprint)
Authors: Adams Lisa C , Busch Felix , Truhn Daniel , Makowski Marcus R , Aerts Hugo J W L , Bressem Keno K
Published: October 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Generative models, such as DALL-E 2 (OpenAI), could represent promising future tools for image generation, augmentation, and manipulation for artificial intelligence research in radiology, provided that these models have sufficient medical domain knowledge. Herein, we show that DALL-E 2 has learned relevant representations of x-ray images, with promising capabilities in terms of zero-shot text-to-image generation of new images, the continuation of an image beyond its original boundaries, and the removal of elements; however, its capabilities for the generation of images with pathological abnormalities (eg, tumors, fractures, and inflammation) or computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasound images are still limited. The use of generative models for augmenting and generating radiological data thus seems feasible, even if the further fine-tuning and adaptation of these models to their respective domains are required first.
The Longitudinal Impact of Social Media Use on UK Adolescents' Mental Health: Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Plackett Ruth , Sheringham Jessica , Dykxhoorn Jennifer
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Cross-sectional studies have found a relationship between social media use and depression and anxiety in young people. However, few longitudinal studies using representative data and mediation analysis have been conducted to understand the causal pathways of this relationship.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the longitudinal relationship between social media use and young people’s mental health and the role of self-esteem and social connectedness as potential mediators.

METHODS

The sample included 3228 participants who were 10- to 15-year-olds from Understanding Society (2009-2019), a UK longitudinal household survey. The number of hours spent on social media was measured on a 5-point scale from “none” to “7 or more hours” at the ages of 12-13 years. Self-esteem and social connectedness (number of friends and happiness with friendships) were measured at the ages of 13-14 years. Mental health problems measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were assessed at the ages of 14-15 years. Covariates included demographic and household variables. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel linear regression models were used to estimate the association between social media use and mental health. We used path analysis with structural equation modeling to investigate the mediation pathways.

RESULTS

In adjusted analysis, there was a nonsignificant linear trend showing that more time spent on social media was related to poorer mental health 2 years later (n=2603, β=.21, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.84; P=.52). In an unadjusted path analysis, 68% of the effect of social media use on mental health was mediated by self-esteem (indirect effect, n=2569, β=.70, 95% CI 0.15-1.30; P=.02). This effect was attenuated in the adjusted analysis, and it was found that self-esteem was no longer a significant mediator (indirect effect, n=2316, β=.24, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.66; P=.22). We did not find evidence that the association between social media and mental health was mediated by social connectedness. Similar results were found in imputed data.

CONCLUSIONS

There was little evidence to suggest that more time spent on social media was associated with later mental health problems in UK adolescents. This study shows the importance of longitudinal studies to examine this relationship and suggests that prevention strategies and interventions to improve mental health associated with social media use could consider the role of factors like self-esteem.
A Technical Review of Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System with MPPT Techniques
Authors: Patel Madhulika , Gupta Narayan Prasad , Agrawal D K
Published: October 2022

Abstract: The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technique used in power electronic circuits to extract maximum energy from the Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. In the recent decades, photovoltaic power generation has become more important due to its many benefits such as it needs a few maintenance with environmental advantage of being fossil fuel free. However, there are two major barriers for the use of PV systems, low energy conversion efficiency and high initial cost. To improve the energy efficiency, it is important to work PV system always at its maximum power point. So far, many researches has conducted and many papers were published and suggested different methods for extracting maximum power point.
Analysis and Providing Solutions for the Rectification of Black Spots On NH-27(OLD NH-28)
Authors: Pandey Vishal , Chaudhary Harivansh Kumar , Malik Akash
Published: October 2022

Abstract: This study primarily based totally on the road safety and specified observe of black spot. National highways represent a considerable percentage of these accidents, especially during the massive economic loss and exaggerates the development of the country. Basically the main aim of this paper is to Identify the black spot and more elaborated study for Analysis of Black Spots and its Rectification on the basis of traffic survey i.e. by Turning Movement Count survey. This study includes different approaches and methods that are used for Selection of particular study stretch i.e. NH-27, firstly collection of accident data and then we split down the data for better observation for the analysis of black spot also we throw light on the causes which are responsible for accident on the basis of ASI (Accident severity index). Also, it consists of a few strategies which might be used to profile those accident places and the usage of earlier than and after research to estimate the impact of remedy at the Black spots or dark spot on highway. This paper concludes the rectification methodology based on short term measurements, long term measurements, mitigation measures or geometric design improvement which depend on existing road conditions
Neurofeminism: Atwood Discusses Neurofeminist Issues of Consumerism and Cannibalism in the Edible Woman
Authors: Shaw Sudha , Prasannasree Dr. S.
Published: October 2022

Abstract: As neuroscience grows in its ability to appeal to the masses, it becomes more common to turn to it as an authority on various questions about how people shouldn't and should behave. This is especially evident with the issue of gender roles. The Edible Woman explores women's inability to eat and relationship distress, but was published at a time when the psychology of eating disorders was not often discussed. Margaret Atwood s The Edible Woman tells the story of a young woman struggling with society, her lover and food. It is often discussed as the first work of feminism. The novel's idea of consumption operates on a symbolic level. This novel explores themes of sexuality and consumerism in a layered, somewhat flamboyant style. As for the thematic exploration of the novel, the tendency of self-starvation becomes a way to express the hope of society. She feels constant pressure to conform to her dislikes, which affects her ability to eat and puts her life at risk. At the very least, neurofeminism critiques the portrayal of neuroscience in the popular media through the behaviour of Marian MacAlpin. This article provides an overview of the neurofeminist debate and current approaches to feminist neuroscience. The author concludes her review by calling for a more gender-appropriate research approach that takes into account the location and reflection within a neuroscientific framework, as well as questioning neurofeminist discourse on the use and misuse of the concept of wearing a fake smile and a red dress. Through this character of Marian McAlpin, Atwood cleverly shows that the pressure placed on women by society can have severe negative effects on their bodies and psyches. Our goal here is to examine the phenomena of neurosexism and neurofeminism using a primarily literary approach that incorporates insights from philosophy of mind, ethics, and feminist literature.
Sansad Immunity
Authors: Joon Sneha
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Immunity means a privilege enjoyed by a certain class of individuals which others might not have a access to. In reference to the parliament1 privilege refers to the powers and immunities given to each house of the parliament and its members collectively to enjoy the rights. These privileges are an exception to common law and allow the members to enact their duties without the fear of being threatened or punished, and even without any obstacle. The privileges of the parliament are equivalent to the immunity of the crown2 . Like the crown can administer without the help or interference of the parliament or the judges. Even both the houses of union supervise the privileges without the involvement of the judges. This paper talks about these parliamentary privileges in detail and to what extent the members can exercise them.
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE PERSONALITY AS AN OBJECT OF METALINGUISTICS
Authors: Vladimirova T. E
Published: October 2022

This article is devoted to the consideration of the Russian linguistic personality from the metalinguistic positions. The developed approach made it possible to reveal the essential (ontological) features of the Russian linguistic personality, which are manifested in its way of being, attitude towards the world and others. A comparative analysis of the Russian and Greek linguistic personalities through the prism of the conceptual and paremic worldviews led to the conclusion that the use of cultural transfer is promising to achieve mutual understanding between representatives of different linguistic cultures.
PHENOMENOLOGY OF LACUNARITY IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
Authors: Gabdreeva N. V , Marsheva T. V , Kalinina G. S
Published: October 2022

The paper deals with the problem of lacunarity, that is, the allomorphism of languages of different structures on heterogeneous material: translations of different times, lexicographic sources and opinion poll data of native speakers of the same language who study Russian, ways of eliminating lacunae at various historical stages in the development of the lexical system of different languages and the mismatch of signs of nomination, and also describes vector lacunarity in the speech etiquette of the Russian language from the point of view of translation into Arabic. The main approaches to the study of the phenomenon of lacunarity in modern linguistics are considered. A typology of lacunarity is proposed based on the material of languages with different structures.
A NEW SYSTEM OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY OF COSMISM
Authors: Sokolov V. G
Published: October 2022

The work is devoted to important aspects of the cardinal phenomenon of scientific and philosophical thought, with other words cosmism, or cosmic thinking, which began to form in the late 19th - early 20th centuries and continues to develop today. The work reveals the actual problem of understanding two main ways of knowledge - empirical scientific and metascientific (the comprehension of objects and phenomena by a person through his inner, spiritual, space), the synthesis of which is presented in the works of Russian scientists and cosmist philosophers. This synthesis is a new system of knowledge, which is the subject of research and allows us to understand a phenomenon or process in the most complete and deep way. This understanding is particularly relevant, because science faces a number of major problems that cannot be explained in terms of traditional, outdated approaches.
THREE GLOBES OF oἰκουμένη
Authors: Neklessa A. I.
Published: October 2022

The article is based on the reports at seminars at the Center for Civilizational and Regional Studies of the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The subject of the article is an analysis of the main aspects and trends of the evolution of history: routes and trends of universal transit as an interdisciplinary area of scientific research and as one of the "big challenges" for civilization. It examines the stepped path of history - three generations of the global organization: progress from the imperial colonization of the planet through decolonization and the unification of nations to a society of post-colonial nomadicity with an emphasis on personal sovereignty . The actuality of the problem is determined by the need to rethink the socio-cultural heritage of civilization, its current status and opening prospects. Postcoloniality, relying on creativity, experimenting with a variety of ways of self-organization and self-realization, finds itself in a symbiotic union with Postmodernity.
FOUNDATIONS OF CLASSICAL PHYSICS AND CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY
Authors: Katasonov V. N
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the twists and turns of the history of formulation of the inertia principle of classical mechanics and their dependence on the theological concepts of their time. The points of view on the movement and inertia of Aristotle, the authors of late scholasticism, Galileo, Descartes and Newton are subject to discussion. The fundamental concepts of classical mechanics are also compared with the tradition of Protestant theology.
HUMAN MODEL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RELATIONAL PARADIGM OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS
Authors: Egorov D. G
Published: October 2022

The main problems of the concepts of consciousness: explanation of the mechanism of the psyche; substantiation of free will; tabula rasa problem; the nature of the principles of scientific theories and morality - do not have a satisfactory solution within the framework of materialistic concepts. There are reasons to believe that consciousness goes beyond space-time, which leads to the idea of substantiating the nature of consciousness from the standpoint of the relational paradigm of theoretical physics.
Cluster approach to criteria evaluation of the quality of a student’s educational outcome
Authors: Pak Nikolai I. , Klunnikova Margarita M.
Published: October 2022

Problem and goal . The issues of criteria-based evaluation of the student's educational results remain relevant for the modern theory and practice of education. As a rule, measures to monitor educational results and resources in educational institutions are carried out by expert, manual, non-automated methods. In accordance with the directions of digital transformation of education, it is necessary to create a technological assessment system that meets the requirements of modern society, subject to automation and intellectualization. The purpose of the work is to substantiate a new model of criteria-based assessment of the quality of the educational result, based on the mathematical methods of the theory of clustering and pattern recognition and allowing to automate the procedures for assessing the quality of educational objects, resources, educational and personal achievements of students. Methodology. The quality of an educational result or resource is determined by criteria indicators, which can be represented as features of the evaluated object using the information vector. By clustering the set of acceptable objects into three classes - with low, medium and high quality - it is possible to evaluate an object by its belonging to one of these classes. Clustering is carried out on the basis of a mining algorithm, the metric of city blocks is taken as a measure of the similarity of objects. Results. A program has been developed that consists of a source data module, a clustering module, and a recognition and training module. The model results of the program correlate with traditional rating assessments, in which the quality of the object is determined by a point scale. The obtained test results confirm the validity of the recognition algorithm and the correctness of the software product. Conclusion. Thus, the proposed model based on clustering and the recognition method showed the possibility of automated assessment of the quality of educational results of trainees and educational resources.
Application of virtual reality technology in inclusive education of persons with complete or partial lower limb injury
Authors: Aslanov Roman E. , Bolshakov Alexander A. , Grinshkun Aleksandr V.
Published: October 2022

Problem and goal. The annual growth in the number of people with disabilities determines the relevance of the problems of inclusive education, the solution of which requires new teaching aids that are more interactive and visual than classical tools. This problem necessitates the use of innovative solutions, one of which is the use of virtual reality technology as a way of interactive communication of information and a comfortable environment for students with disabilities. Methodology. The main object of the study is an immersive virtual simulator designed for teaching disabled students in a technical direction. Using the example of the simulator, a solution for interactive and comfortable for perception transfer of knowledge in the specialty is demonstrated. The analysis of the number of persons with disabilities and the number of students with disabilities in secondary vocational and higher education was carried out using open sources, such as sfri.ru and rosstat.gov.ru. Results. Definitions are given for understanding the essence of virtual reality technology and solutions, in the form of simulators suitable as simulators with a unique approach to information perception. Consideration of the developed immersive virtual simulator for the maintenance of personal computers in a broad context allowed us to reflect the features of the application of innovative solutions for inclusive education. Conclusion. In the process of carrying out research work using various means of analysis virtual simulator, the main areas of application of virtual reality for people with disabilities are considered and appropriate conclusions are drawn about the use of virtual reality technology in inclusive education.
Digital transformation of the university library in the context of information abundance
Authors: Lotova Elena Yu.
Published: October 2022

Problem and goal. In the context of digital transformation of education, the importance of digital library formation is justified, taking into account the training areas, research topics and other requests of all target groups of the educational institution. Active use by students and teachers of Internet sources raises the problem of popularization and disclosure of electronic collections, organization of problem-free access to valuable, reliable information from legitimate sources. Implementation of the practice of constant use of verified content by students, teachers, scientists has become the main task of the library. In this regard, the principles and methods used in the scientific library of the university for the collection and dissemination of information, organization of events, implementation of academic standards and new forms of work for the use of information resources in the educational process and research activities are studied. Methodology. As a generalization and systematization of the accumulated practical experience of working with electronic information, the stages of formation of a classical university digital library, methods of statistical analysis to evaluate the use of collections, forms of content promotion and work with target user groups are described. Results. The author analyzes the experience of the project on the formation and promotion of the university digital library, accumulates data on the effectiveness of content use, promotional mechanisms, achieved results for use in the work of libraries in the field of education. Proved the necessity of formation of university digital library using cluster approach - universal, specialized and profile resources, regarding peculiarities of promotion in different target groups of university, importance of analytical work on content use for optimization of subscriptions and elimination of information gaps, obligatory introduction of information culture and activation of digital educational resources use in the context of professional activity of the teacher. Conclusion. Using theoretical and practical data, statistical analysis and various aspects of both Russian and foreign experience of digital transformation of the university libraries in the conditions of information abundance, the stages of modification of the library collections, communication channels, and the results in a particular library were considered and analyzed.
Special aspects of enrolment onto the training according to the educational programs of higher education in the sphere of the information technologies
Authors: Komelina Elena V.
Published: October 2022

Problem and goal . Highly-qualified employees of IT section play an important role in the development of a state. Namely they make basic contribution to the innovative development of IT area, communication and telecommunication industries. By the experts’ projections, by the year 2027, the deficit of IT specialists in Russia will make two million people. In accordance with the Federal Program “Digital Economics of the Russian Federation” the educational system is supposed to provide the country by competent manpower. For these reasons some professions related to the IT field were specified and some changes in the admission quotas for universities were introduced. The research is aimed at the search of peculiarities, revealing of factors explaining small number of enrollees and great difference in the level of educational background for admission to studies on educational programs of higher education in the sphere of IT technologies. Methodology. Issues of the development of the information-oriented society and evaluation of the commitment of different regions of the country as well as theoretical aspects of availability of IT specialists have been scrutinized. The study is based on the detailed analysis of the statistical data on admittance of students into IT departments of universities and the number of university graduates trained as IT specialists in Russia. The data analysis has been run and some conclusions have been drawn. Results. The study revealed that the number of enrollees to the IT specialties hardly surpasses the number of state-funded openings. Some basic facts have been highlighted which testify that the list of enrollment tests whilst entering the same specialties in universities are different. Enrollees with different educational background are admitted onto IT-specialties. The research results let find reasons for scatter and varied total score. Conclusion. The obtained results testify that the problem of IT-specialists’ training is the issue of the day. Suggested range of factors can be considered as one of the reasons preventing from choosing the IT-specialties by school leavers.
Rat adrenal medulla modular organization
Authors: Kemoklidze Konstantin G. , Tyumina Natalia A.
Published: October 2022

Relevance. The concept of the tissue morpho-functional units (modules) of the adrenal medulla is currently not fully developed for adrenaline-storing (A-) cells and completely undeveloped for noradrenaline-storing (NA-) cells. Aim. Separately for A- and NA-cells, establish modules in adrenal medulla based on criteria developed by fundamental histology. Materials and Methods. The study used serial, semithin, and ultrathin sections of the adrenal glands, 7-9 µm thick, from 6 adult male Wistar rats (weight 335 ± 25 g). The sections were stained according to the Honoré method with additional staining with toluidine blue, which allows one to reliably distinguish between A and HA cells in the medulla. A cells are stained blue and HA cells are stained green. Light and electron microscopy was used to visualize serial, semithin, and ultrathin sections of the adrenal glands of adult male rats with A- and HA-cell differentiation. Results and Discussion. A-cells formed round clusters, in which they were located in one layer on the basement membrane. Their lateral sides closely adjoined each other, while the inner sides (the central part of the complexes) formed intercellular expansions, microprotrusions, and primary cilia. Less firmly pressed NA-cells formed polyhedral beams. Both types of cell complexes were associated with auxiliary components (stromal, nervous, circulatory, etc.). The central expansions of A-cell round clusters apparently to serve to retain some of the already produced adrenaline, which increases the readiness of the medulla to rapidly release large amounts of adrenaline in case of hyperacute stress. Accordingly, the adherence of A-cell complexes to a rounded shape is determined by the need to create such central isolated storage expansions. NA-cells are located more freely and do not form isolated intercellular expansions. This allows NA-cells to wedge between stably round A-cell complexes and form polyhedral beams as a result. Conclusion. It was found that the rat adrenal medulla contains two logically and morpho-functionally distinct types of specific modules. A-module are A-cells rounded cluster and NA-module is polyhedral NA-cells beam, both associated with auxiliary components.
Redox intensity and psychoemotional status of rats in burn skin injury
Authors: Azhikova Alfiya K. , Samotrueva Marina A.
Published: October 2022

Relevance. Currently, the problem of regeneration of damaged skin, including of a burn nature, remains relevant. The work describes the results of the study of the redox intensity and of the psychoemotional status of rats in thermal skin injury. The aim of the study is an experimental study of the redox intensity and of the psychoemotional status of rats in burn skin injury. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on nonlinear male rats of average weight 250 grams for 6-8 months. To assess psychoemotional status, studies were carried out using standard psychophysiological methods: «Open Field», «Elevated cruciform maze», «Suok Test» and «Porsolt.» The intensity of redox processes in the hypothalamic and prefrontal regions of the brain was assessed by determining the intensity of lipid peroxidation and catalase activity. The activity of lipid peroxidation was determined by the initial content of malonic dialdehyde, as well as by the rate of spontaneous and ascorbic peroxidation of lipids. Results and Discussion. During the study, it was found that burn damage to the skin was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of TBC-active products of lipid peroxidation in the hypothalamic and prefrontal regions of the brain of rats, which resulted in the development of oxidative stress. Burn injury initiated peroxidation processes in the studied areas of the brain, the most pronounced in the early period of the burn process (on days 2-4), with varying degrees decreasing in the following periods (on days 7, 10). The results of the assessment of the psychoemotional status of animals in burn skin injury in standard behavioral tests confirm the involvement of the nervous system in response to stress, the reflex activity of which under stressful conditions manifests itself in a change in behavioral reactions. In the conditions of burn damage to the skin, signs of an alarming-depressive state, in particular disorientation in space, suppression of the psychoemotional state, and a change in the nature of behavioral reactions were noted. Conclusion. Thus, the revealed changes in the intensity of redox processes and the peculiarities of the psychoemotional status of rats in burn skin damage are the result of biochemical and functional disorders of the brain, activated during protective and adaptation reactions in burn injury.
Drug dependence analysis in young adults living in Moscow and across Russia for the years 2010-2020
Authors: Abramov Alexey Y. , Koshkina Evgeniya A. , Kicha Dmitry I. , Alekseyenko Anton O.
Published: October 2022

Relevance. A statistical study of drug addiction among young people for 2010-2020 is needed in order to develop recommendations for the treatment of drug addiction. The aim of the research was to analyze trends of substances dependence disorder among adolescents. Materials and Methods. The present research is based on the national statistics data collected and presented in Federal Statistical Monitoring Form № 11 ‘Data on substances dependence disorder cases’; Federal Statistical Monitoring Form № 37 ‘Data on drug and toxic substances (inhalant) addicted adults’, which include estimates about adolescents aged 15-17 who seek addiction treatment initiation at public medical health facilities across Russia and in Moscow. The monitoring period is from 2010 to 2020. All substances dependence disorder morbidity rates were analyzed according to ICD-10 and presented as a breakdown of: drug addiction (dependence) syndrome and health detrimental abuse, first admissions; diagnostic groups, and medical conditions - mental disorders and deviant behaviors caused by drug and non-narcotic psychoactive substances abuse. The data were collected, compiled and Microsoft Office Excel 2016-processed to underlie a database. Results and Discussion. Alcohol and psychoactive substances abuse disorders showed the downward trend, both across Russia and Moscow. Drug abuse disorders showed the decline across Russia, while Moscow saw the same rates growing. Conclusion. The set of the government-backed programs adopted across Russia and in Moscow to fight the spread of adolescent substances dependence disorders delivered a positive result.
Suprascapular notch morphometric study
Authors: Chawla Maheshwar , Sinsinwar Pankaj , Mishra Abhibhusan , Sorout Jitender , Rao Aayushee
Published: October 2022

Relevance. The suprascapular notch is one of the most crucial areas of the scapula from a clinical standpoint. Aside from its anatomical relevance, the suprascapular notch type may also have some clinical implications for suprascapular nerve entrapment. Aim of the study was the determination of the different dimensions of the suprascapular notch based on the maximum depth (MD) and superior transverse diameter (STD), as well as the clinical relation between those dimensions and suprascapular nerve entrapment. Materials and Methods. The study’s materials were 100 unknown dry human scapulae from the from the anatomy department of the Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Sitapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Each scapula was studied for suprascapular notch. From each of the scapulae, maximum depth and superior transverse diameter were determined. Fifty were from right side and Fifty were from left side. Different types of suprascapular notches were observed based on maximum depth and superior transverse diameter. Results and Discussion. In this study, the overall percentage distribution frequency of the suprascapular notch in 100 scapulae is MD STD (25 %), MD = STD (0 %), STD MD (60 %) and SSN Absent (15 %) respectively. The most common SSN type is STD MD (60 %) type and least common SSN type is MD = STD (0 %) type. Conclusion. Morphological examination of the scapular notch reveals a common site of nerve compression and also demonstrates the surgical importance of the scapular nerve during shoulder surgery.
Dynamics and Prospects for China - Latin America Relations from the Perspective of Latin American Scholars
Authors: Bernal-Meza Raúl
Published: October 2022

The research reveals Latin American academic thought on the relationship between Latin America countries and China. The relevance of the topic is linked to the growing importance and presence of China in the foreign policy of Latin American countries, whose bilateral relations are developing against a backdrop of growing US - China tensions. Today, China is one of the key economic partners of several Latin American countries, as well as implementing a number of infrastructure projects on the continent. This forces Latin America to choose between traditional ties of dependence vis-à-vis Washington and increasing economic and investment cooperation with Beijing. Methodologically the article is based on the study and interpretation of the ideas of Latin American scholars and experts gathered from secondary sources, monographs and academic articles. The author puts forward two hypotheses based on the existence of two conjectures. The first hypothesis is that there is no consensus among Latin American scholars and representatives of research centers about the impact of China’s bilateral relations with the countries of the region in the logic of the core-periphery model on the economic development of Latin America. The second hypothesis is that the views of the local academic community have little or even no influence on the decisions Latin American governments make regarding China. The author concludes that at a time when Latin America is going through a crisis cycle of integration processes the region is unable to take a unified position on the issue of assessing China’s performance.
Latin America in/and the AIIB: A Constructivist Analysis
Authors: Turzi Mariano , Mendez Álvaro
Published: October 2022

This research focuses on the relationship between Latin America and China. The authors try to answer the question of why the countries of the region have been passive in the context of their interaction with the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). The relevance of the topic stems from the gradual increase in China’s importance and presence in the Latin American region. Today, China is one of the key economic partners of several Latin American countries. To date, however, countries in the region have not been very active in their engagement with the AIIB, despite the existence of specific material incentives. Methodologically, the study is based on a constructivist approach. According to the authors, alternative paradigms of international relations, such as liberalism and realism, fail to explain the paradox of stubborn inaction by the countries of the region. This is due to the fact that the historically rooted and culturally bound procedural nature of international relations allows constructivism to uncover the individual facts that led to this result. The authors conclude that governments in the Latin American region have “constructed” between themselves quite a few customary modes of behaviour which debilitate their demonstrated capacity for agency in international affairs. This has created a vacuum of effective strategy in relations with China in the region. Moreover, this pattern of engagement is not limited to China and is evident in the relations of regional countries with the US and other extra-regional powers.
Central America Facing the Bicentennial Crisis: Political Uncertainty, Economic Hardship and Climate Challenges
Authors: Martí i Puig Salvador , Rodríguez Suárez Daniel
Published: October 2022

Central America meets the bicentenary of its independence in the midst of a threefold crisis: a political crisis marked by democratic regression; an economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 maelstrom and the subsequent collapse of international trade and tourism; finally, a humanitarian crisis generated by the pandemic and climate change. In this article we will focus our attention on how this triple crisis has hit five Central American republics - the three that make up the so called Northern Triangle, as well as Nicaragua and Costa Rica. This article will look at the political level by country and jointly address the problems created by the pandemic and the challenges and costs posed by the climate crisis. Based on the complex nature of the crisis the defended theses are threefold. The first is that the democracy of the prevailing political regimes has been eroded in the 21st century. In some cases, as a result of the collapse of the traditional party systems, in other cases due to a lack of public confidence, and in some cases due to the increase of power in the hands of presidents. The second thesis relates to unexpected natural phenomena, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters, for instance, hurricanes. These phenomena increased the demands on weakened institutions and highlighted the precariousness in which the majority of the population lives. The third thesis points out that in order to cope with the political and humanitarian crisis many of the region’s citizens opted to migrate northwards. Central Americans’ individual preference for emigration implies the dismissal of the possibility of seeking social improvements through collective commitments and struggles in their own country.
Latin America: From the “Washington” to the “Cornwall Consensus”
Authors: Moseykin Yury N. , Ojeda Calluni Elvis , Moseykina Marina N.
Published: October 2022

The research examines the proposals of the “Cornwall Consensus” in the context of their possible application in Latin America. The authors argue that these proposals could contribute to the development of a new economic development strategy for the post-liberal period. It is likely that the “Cornwall Consensus” proposals become dominant in shaping the global agenda on the new economic paradigm. Although it is important to mention that nowadays there also also “Beijing” and “Delhi” consensuses those are linked to the Chinese and Indian models of economic liberalization and constitute an alternative to the “Washington Consensus”. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the “Washington Consensus” adjustment mechanism, carries out a comparative analysis of the Latin American economies that pursued both liberal and statist development models. Then the article examines the main recommendations and ideas of the “Cornwall Consensus”, the prospects of adapting the Latin American region to the proposals of a new development model against the background of existing experience in implementing the recommendations of the “Washington Consensus”, its consequences and existing “post-neoliberal” alternatives. The authors conclude that, despite the adaptability of the Latin American economies, the question remains whether the proposals of the “Cornwall Consensus” can contribute to the revival of the development policy in Latin America aimed at creating a new type of “welfare state”? The study concludes that the proposals of the “Cornwall Consensus” could contribute to the formulation of a new development policy, since the “welfare state” in its Latin American version, regardless of whether “neoliberal” or “progressive”, has exhausted itself.
Venezuelan Forced Migrants and Refugees in Brazil and Ecuador: Security Issues and Social Provision during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pacifico Andrea P. , Da Costa Santos Johnatan , Silva F.L. Silva
Published: October 2022

The worsening economic and social crisis in Venezuela has led to a massive flow of Venezuelan migrants to neighbouring Latin American countries. The influx of forced migrants from Venezuela has challenged the regional security of Latin American countries, which were already experiencing structural and social problems. Brazil and Ecuador, where a significant number of Venezuelan nationals arrived, faced great obstacles in providing the arriving migrants with access to health care and education for their children, jobs, while at the same time meeting the needs and social problems of the local population. After the upheaval of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, social problems such as health, education, job access, security, and governance have proven to be the most challenging in the region. However, as the pandemic situation showed, regional leaders were negligent in their response to the disease and refused to cooperate in addressing the problem, with dire consequences. This article analyses the impact of the Brazilian and Ecuadorian immigration laws and asylum policy on the protection of Venezuelans’ forced migrants and refugees who entered Brazil and Ecuador before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a regional security issue, the protection of Venezuelans is the basis for regional stability, which can only be achieved through cross-issue persuasion. The article, therefore, concludes that Brazil and Ecuador, after having created rules and implemented public policies before and after the pandemic, in cooperation or not with diverse international and national actors, to host and integrate Venezuelan citizens in both countries, have followed their commitment in accordance with previously adopted international and regional agreements, and domestic laws.