bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Story Book Towards School Environmental Hygiene Concern of Elementary School 5th graders in Gamping District Sleman Regency of Special Region Yogyakarta
Authors: Olfah Yustiana , Mendri Ni Ketut , Palestin Bondan
Published: January 2018

Background: Elementary school education is the basic level education where students were forged with many kind of study subject where each subject has to be mastered by the students. On the other hand students were also educated with attitude and behavior values that will be the basis for further developments in the future. One of the important attitude and behavior that needs to be educated early is environmental hygiene concern. Story book is a proper medium for attitude and behavior educaton for children, since they can accommodate children reading capacity and interest. Story books are usually written with short sentence, also simpler vocabulary and grammar compared to adult reading which makes them very effective in affecting the soul of the children.

Objectives: To reveal the influence of story book with hygiene environmental schools hygiene concern theme towards attitudes and behavior of hygiene environmental schools hygiene concern on students of elementary schools in the District Gamping, Sleman Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Method : Quasi-experimental "Pre test Post test with Control Design" Research Design. The research sampling was purposive sampling. Story books with environmental hygiene concern theme was given by reading together with the respondents and the researchers then followed by an explanation, while the control group didn’t exposed with the story books. Pre test and post test were used to determine the attitudes and behavior of hygiene environmental school concern before and after given the story book. Hypothesis testing using SPSS for Windows with T-test method with a significance level of p <0.05.

Results: The attitude analysis result of the experimental and control groups with Independent sample t-tests obtained sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05, which means story book gives significant influence on student’s attitude related to environmental hygiene concern.

While behavior analysis result of the experimental and control groups with independent sample t-test obtained sig. (2-tailed) of 0,343 > 0,05, which means story book gives no significant influence on student’s behavior related to environmental hygiene concern.

Conclusion: There is a correlation of using storybooks with environmental school hygiene concern themes towards the environmental school hygiene concern attitude and while no observed correlation towards the environmental school hygiene concern behavior.
Allah Memanggil Umat-Nya Untuk Menjadi Gereja Yang Tekun Berdoa Menurut Kisah Para Rasul 4: 23 – 31
Authors: Sutoyo Daniel
Published: January 2018

Doa merupakan sebuah aktivitas yang erat hubungannya dengan denyut nadi kekristenan; sehingga muncul semacam ungkapan, bahwa doa adalah nafas kehidupan orang percaya. Sejatinya, kegiatan doa bukanlah sebuah rutinitas ibadah belaka, melainkan pusat kehidupan itu sendiri. Dari zaman Yesus ada di muka bumi hingga pada pelayanan para rasul di Yerusalem bersama jemaat mula-mula, doa menjadi energi dari setiap pelayanan bahkan sendi kehidupan yang dilakukan. Artikel ini menyajikan sebuah telaah eksegetis tentang doa dalam Kisah Para Rasul 4:23-31, yang bertujuan menunjukkan secara biblikal sifat doa yang penting dan urgen. Pada akhirnya, gereja didorong untuk memahami esensi doa dan mulai berdoa dengan tekun. Pray is an activity most related to Christian’s life; so there is a saying that prayer is believers’ breath of life. Substantially, praying is not mere routinized of service, but also life center. From the time of Jesus was on earth untill the apostles’ ministry with early church in Jerusalem, pray becomes energy of every ministry even life. This article is giving an exegetical study of pray in Acts 4:23-31, which aim to show biblically character of pray, which is important and urgent. At least, it encourages church to understand the essence of pray and begin to pray on and on.
Analisi Kritis Ajaran “Rhema” Dan “Logos” Dalam Perspektif Kaum Pentakosta
Authors: Rifai Eliezer
Published: January 2018

Istilah Logos dan rhema adalah dua kata yang sering dijumpai dalam komunikasi firman melalui mimbar di gereja maupun diskusi teologi. Penggunaan dua istilah ini terkadang tidak pada porsinya; ada tendensi yang dilakukan beberapa pengkhotbah dari kalangan Pentakosta untuk meletakkan istilah rhema lebih “unggul” dari logos. Konseptualisasi teologis secara berimbang pun diabaikan dalam penggunaan dua istilah ini. Kajian ini bersifat analisis-eksegetis dari penggunaan konsepsi logos maupun rhema dalam Alkitab, yang bertujuan untuk menemukan makna yang tepat dan berimbang tentang penggunaan kedua konsep tersebut. Sehingga pada akhirnya didapatkan bahwa kedua istilah tersebut adalah sama, tidak ada yang lebih di antaranya, kecuali fungsi yang saling melengkapi. The terminology of Logos and rhema is oftenly found in communicating God’s Word in church and also in theological discussion. The using of both words sometimes is not at its place; there’s such tendency of placing rhema superior of logos from some Pentecostal preachers. There is an ignorance of proportionate theological concept of both terms. This is a study of exegetical analysis of conceptualizing logos and rhema in Bible, which purposing to find an exact and proportional meaning of both terms. Finally, both words are equal, not is superior, except a function of complementary from each other.
Hikmat Sebagai Implikasi Pendidikan Kristiani: Refleksi 1 Raja-raja 3:1-15
Authors: Siahaan Harls Evan Rianto
Published: January 2018

Di dalam sutdi Perjanjian Lama, hikmat menjadi bagian yang terpenting dalam aktualisasi hidup tokoh yang berhasil. Di antara tokoh tersebut adalah Salomo yang disebut sebagai orang yang paling berhikmat, sehingga pada zamannya ia tidak tertandingi dalam banyak hal mencakup seluruh aspek kehidupan mausia saat itu. Intinya, Perjanjian Lama menunjukkan nilai lebih yang diberikan oleh hikmat yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh orang pada umumnya.  Kajian ini merupakan penelitian teks 1 Raja-Raja 3:1-15 tentang hikmat yang diperoleh Salomo. Hikmat yang diberikan oleh Allah pada waktu itu pada hakikatnya adalah sebuah jawaban atas permintaan Salomo tentang hati yang mendengar atau dengar-dengaran. Di sisi lain, Pendidikan Kristen hadir untuk mendidik peserta didik memiliki sikap hati yang tunduk, mendengar kepada firman Tuhan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan pencapaian hidup yang berkualitas oleh hikmat melalui Pendidikan Kristiani. In the Old Testament study, wisdom becomes a most important theme of succeesful men’s actualizing live. It is Solomon as a wisest man of his time, so none could stand against, in many things involving whole life’s aspect. The point is, Old Testament shows superior value given by wisdom which people couldn’t do in general. This study is a textual research on 1 Kings 3:1-15 which about Solomon’s acquiring wisdom. God’s giving wisdom basically is a response on what Solomon asked before, that is about a hearing heart. On the other side, Christianity Education is existing to educate people for having a heart of obey, to hear God’s Word. This study is aiming to show achieving life’s quality by wisdom through Christianity Education.
Mengajarkan Nasionalisme Lewat Momentum Perayaan Paskah: Refleksi Kritis Keluaran 12:1-51
Authors: Siahaan Harls Evan
Published: January 2018

This research is due to social phenomenon in Indoensia lately, where tendention of nationalism is decreasing. Church, which is being a part of this nation component, has responsibility to build its people’s sense of nationalism, not mere making them as heavenly citizen. The aim of this article is to point out a biblical study about Passover celebration at the first time in The Old Testament, which constituted a commemoration of Israel nationality deliverance from the bondage of Egypt, what was to become an implication of Jesus’ death and resurrection event. It uses a historical analysis on biblical text Exodus 12:1-51 with exposition approach for acquiring an event implication in Old Testament theology context. After reading the whole text in the passage, considering its context and genre, then reconstruct its narrative and analyze it, so the conclusion is, that Passover celebration in the first time is God’s action to deliver Israel as a nation from Egypt. The research finding is to recommend that Passover celebration in future will be able to increase church’s sense of nationality in Indonesia context.Artikel ini adalah sebuah penelitian yang berkaitan dengan fenomenologi sosial di Indonesia dewasa ini, di mana kecenderungan memupusnya sikap nasionalisme anak bangsa. Gereja Tuhan sebagai bagian dari komponen bangsa ini memiliki tanggung jawab untuk membangun rasa nasionalisme umat, tidak hanya sekadar menjadikannya warga surga seperti idealisme teologi. Tujuan artikel ini untuk menunjukkan kajian biblikal tentang perayaan Paskah yang secara asali merupakan peringatan tentang perjuangan pembebasan Israel sebagai sebuah bangsa, yang di kemudian hari memberikan implikasi teologis pada peristiwa kematian dan kebangkitan Kristus. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis historis pada teks Keluaran 12:1-51 dengan pendekatan eksposisi, untuk mendapatkan implikasi peristiwa dalam konteks teologi Perjanjian Lama. Setelah membaca teks secara keseluruhan, lalu memperhatikan konteks dan genre sastera, merekonstruksi narasi teks dan menganalisisnya, maka disimpulkan bahwa pada awalnya peristiwa Paskah merupakan perbuatan ilahi untuk membebaskan Israel dari penjajahan Mesir. Temuan pembahasan dan simpulan merekomendasikan agar momentum perayaan Paskah dapat meningkatkan rasa nasionalisme gereja dalam konteks Indonesia.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel 1,2,3-Triazole-Sulfonamide Hybrids
Authors: Li Na , Liu Nan , Tang Shu , Li Duo-Lu , Zhang Xiao-Jian
Published: January 2018

Nine novel 1-(4′-sulfamoylphenyl)-1,2,3-triazole derivatives bearing an N-heterocycle moiety were designed using a molecular hybridisation approach and synthesised by alkyne/azide click chemistry. Most of the synthesised compounds exhibited good to moderate antiproliferative activity (IC50 values 3.7 to 77.1 μM) against stomach, oesophagus and prostate cancer cell lines, but a compound containing an S-(2-pyridyl)thiomethyl moiety showed 10-fold greater activity against the stomach cell line than 5-fluorouracil. These results demonstrate that N-heterocycle-1,2,3-triazolylsulfonamides could be promising lead compounds to develop new antitumour drugs.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA INFECTION IN POULTRY IN GAZIPUR DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Hossain M. R. , Meher M. M. , Afrin M.
Published: January 2018

The present study was undertaken to determine the present status of fowl cholera (FC) infection of poultry in Gazipur district during September 2016 to February 2017. A total of 282 either dead or sick birds (Layer and Sonali) were taken as sample in which the sick birds were subjected to record clinical data and consequently the dead birds were for post mortem examination. Hence, overall 12.41% prevalence was found for FC and about 87.59% was for mixed other diseases.  All the birds were grouped into six named as A1, A2 and up to A6 accordingly their age. The highest incidence (29.79 %) was found in A1 (8-20weeks) group and the lowest was 4.26% in A5 (51-60 weeks) group. Furthermore, six FC infected farms were categorized to treat with six specific antibiotics individually. Thereafter, the highest recovery rate (89.6% and 87.5%) was recorded in two farms using Enrofloxacin and Gentamicin particularly. The lowest recovery rate (60%) was in Erythromycin treatment group. However, the layer birds of six farms lost their body weight almost 11.84%, specifically the highest percentages (16.49%) was in treated with Ampicillin and lowest percentages (5.79%) found in a farm treated with Gentamicin. In brief, FC commonly appears just near to laying age and therapeutic management trivially decreases the body weight that ultimately shoots up the production cost.
Territorial Governance. A Comparative Research of Local Agro-Food Systems in Mexico
Authors: Torres-Salcido Gerardo , Sanz-Cañada Javier
Published: January 2018

The article attempts to provide a theoretical discussion on territorial governance by presenting both the neo-institutionalist position and the De Sousa Santos’ alternative models, with a view of highlighting the dimensions that can be relevant to understanding the territorial dynamics of Local Agro-food Systems (LAFS). The paper aims to build up a system of indicators, structured in four dimensions, concerning the territorial governance of LAFS: (i) multi-level coordination; (ii) democratic participation and accountability; (iii) cooperation among producers and other stakeholders and (iv) relationships with the environment. We verify, as a hypothesis, that the typology of markets to which the identity-based products are directed plays a decisive role in the way that processes of territorial governance of LAFS are constructed. The results of an empirical research, developed in four LAFS in Mexico, are presented: prickly pear cactus in Morelos, blackberry in Michoacán, cuitlacoche (corn smut) in Tlaxcala and coffee in Veracruz. Two types of territorial governance of LAFS may be distinguished: those that can be strengthened by the geographical and organisational proximity of the markets and the action of local stakeholders and governments—prickly pear cactus and cuitlacoche—versus those which are devoted to export and are conducted by large companies in which marketing networks involve certification mechanisms and a large number of institutions—coffee and blackberry.
Email Reminders Increase the Frequency That Pet Owners Update Their Microchip Information
Authors: Goodwin Katie , Rand Jacquie , Morton John , Uthappa Varun , Walduck Rick
Published: January 2018

Stray animals with incorrect microchip details are less likely to be reclaimed, and unclaimed strays are at increased risk of euthanasia. A retrospective cohort study was performed using 394,747 cats and 904,909 dogs registered with Australia’s largest microchip database to describe animal characteristics, determine whether annual email reminders increased the frequency that owners updated their information, and to compare frequencies of microchip information updates according to pet and owner characteristics. More than twice as many dogs (70%) than cats (30%) were registered on the database; the most numerous pure-breeds were Ragdoll cats and Staffordshire Bull Terrier dogs, and the number of registered animals per capita varied by Australian state or territory. Owners were more likely (p < 0.001) to update their details soon after they were sent a reminder email, compared to immediately before that email, and there were significant (p < 0.001) differences in the frequency of owner updates by state or territory of residence, animal species, animal age, and socioeconomic index of the owner’s postcode. This research demonstrates that email reminders increase the probability of owners updating their details on the microchip database, and this could reduce the percentages of stray animals that are unclaimed and subsequently euthanized.
The Derivation of the Stability Bound of the Feedback ANC System That Has an Error in the Estimated Secondary Path Model
Authors: Moon Seong-Pil , Chang Tae-Gyu
Published: January 2018

This paper investigates the stability problem of the feedback active noise control (ANC) system, which can be caused by the modeling error of the electro-acoustic path estimation in its feedback mechanism. A stability analysis method is proposed to obtain the stability bound as a form of a closed-form equation in terms of the delay error length of the secondary path, the ANC filter length, and the primary noise frequency. In the proposed method, the system’s open loop magnitude and phase response equations are separately exploited and approximated within the Nyquist stability criterion. The stability bound of the proposed method is verified by comparing both the original Nyquist stability condition and the simulation results.
Investigation of Pear Drying Performance by Different Methods and Regression of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient with Support Vector Machine
Authors: Das Mehmet , Akpinar Ebru
Published: January 2018

In this study, an air heated solar collector (AHSC) dryer was designed to determine the drying characteristics of the pear. Flat pear slices of 10 mm thickness were used in the experiments. The pears were dried both in the AHSC dryer and under the sun. Panel glass temperature, panel floor temperature, panel inlet temperature, panel outlet temperature, drying cabinet inlet temperature, drying cabinet outlet temperature, drying cabinet temperature, drying cabinet moisture, solar radiation, pear internal temperature, air velocity and mass loss of pear were measured at 30 min intervals. Experiments were carried out during the periods of June 2017 in Elazig, Turkey. The experiments started at 8:00 a.m. and continued till 18:00. The experiments were continued until the weight changes in the pear slices stopped. Wet basis moisture content (MCw), dry basis moisture content (MCd), adjustable moisture ratio (MR), drying rate (DR), and convective heat transfer coefficient (hc) were calculated with both in the AHSC dryer and the open sun drying experiment data. It was found that the values of hc in both drying systems with a range 12.4 and 20.8 W/m2 °C. Three different kernel models were used in the support vector machine (SVM) regression to construct the predictive model of the calculated hc values for both systems. The mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), relative absolute error (RAE) and root relative absolute error (RRAE) analysis were performed to indicate the predictive model’s accuracy. As a result, the rate of drying of the pear was examined for both systems and it was observed that the pear had dried earlier in the AHSC drying system. A predictive model was obtained using the SVM regression for the calculated hc values for the pear in the AHSC drying system. The normalized polynomial kernel was determined as the best kernel model in SVM for estimating the hc values.
Exploring the Effect of Au/Pt Ratio on Glycerol Oxidation in Presence and Absence of a Base
Authors: Villa Alberto , Jouve Andrea , Sanchez Trujillo Felipe , Motta Davide , Prati Laura , Dimitratos Nikolaos
Published: January 2018

Bimetallic AuPt nanoparticles with different Au:Pt ratios (molar ratio: 9-1, 8-2, 6-4, 2-8, 1-9) and the corresponding Au and Pt monometallic ones were prepared by sol immobilization and immobilized on commercial TiO2 (P25). The catalytic activity was evaluated in the liquid phase glycerol oxidation in presence and absence of a base (NaOH). It was found that the Au:Pt molar ratio and reaction conditions strongly influence the catalytic performance. In the presence of NaOH, Au-rich catalysts were more active than Pt-rich ones, with the highest activity observed for Au9Pt1/TiO2 (6575 h−1). In absence of a base, a higher content of Pt is needed to produce the most active catalyst (Au6Pt4/TiO2, 301 h−1). In terms of selectivity, in presence of NaOH, Au-rich catalysts showed a high selectivity to C3 products (63–72%) whereas Pt-rich catalysts promote the formation of formic and glycolic acids. The opposite trend was observed in absence of a base with Pt-rich catalysts showing higher selectivity to C3 products (83–88%).
Vertical Transistors Based on 2D Materials: Status and Prospects
Authors: Giannazzo Filippo , Greco Giuseppe , Roccaforte Fabrizio , Sonde Sushant
Published: January 2018

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene (Gr), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), offer interesting opportunities for the implementation of vertical transistors for digital and high-frequency electronics. This paper reviews recent developments in this field, presenting the main vertical device architectures based on 2D/2D or 2D/3D material heterostructures proposed so far. For each of them, the working principles and the targeted application field are discussed. In particular, tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) for beyond-CMOS low power digital applications are presented, including resonant tunneling transistors based on Gr/h-BN/Gr stacks and band-to-band tunneling transistors based on heterojunctions of different semiconductor layered materials. Furthermore, recent experimental work on the implementation of the hot electron transistor (HET) with the Gr base is reviewed, due to the predicted potential of this device for ultra-high frequency operation in the THz range. Finally, the material sciences issues and the open challenges for the realization of 2D material-based vertical transistors at a large scale for future industrial applications are discussed.
Flipped Classroom Research: From “Black Box” to “White Box” Evaluation
Authors: Stöhr Christian , Adawi Tom
Published: January 2018

The flipped (or inverted) classroom model has gained increasing interest among university teachers in recent years. In the flipped classroom approach, students are encouraged to watch short video lectures as preparation for class, and classroom time is dedicated to more active forms of learning. In this editorial, we provide a thumbnail sketch of the origins and concept of the flipped classroom followed by a summary of the contributions to this special issue, which highlight the importance of considering a range of individual as well as contextual factors when implementing and evaluating the flipped classroom approach. Based on this observation, we propose and briefly discuss realist evaluation as a promising approach to evaluating educational interventions and for advancing our theoretical understanding of the flipped classroom. We argue that realist evaluation provides an analytical framework for posing the next generation of questions about the flipped classroom and we encourage scholars to address the questions: “How or why does the flipped classroom work, for whom, and in what circumstances?”
Dynamic Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Power Plant by Stochastic Hybrid Fault Tree Automaton Model
Authors: Chiacchio Ferdinando , Famoso Fabio , D’Urso Diego , Brusca Sebastian , Aizpurua Jose , Cedola Luca
Published: January 2018

The contribution of renewable energies to the reduction of the impact of fossil fuels sources and especially energy supply in remote areas has occupied a role more and more important during last decades. The estimation of renewable power plants performances by means of deterministic models is usually limited by the innate variability of the energy resources. The accuracy of energy production forecasting results may be inadequate. An accurate feasibility analysis requires taking into account the randomness of the primary resource operations and the effect of component failures in the energy production process. This paper treats a novel approach to the estimation of energy production in a real photovoltaic power plant by means of dynamic reliability analysis based on Stochastic Hybrid Fault Tree Automaton (SHyFTA). The comparison between real data, deterministic model and SHyFTA model confirm how the latter better estimate energy production than deterministic model.
A Review of Vehicle to Vehicle Communication Protocols for VANETs in the Urban Environment
Authors: Abbasi Irshad , Shahid Khan Adnan
Published: January 2018

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have been gaining significant attention from the research community due to their increasing importance for building an intelligent transportation system. The characteristics of VANETs, such as high mobility, network partitioning, intermittent connectivity and obstacles in city environments, make routing a challenging task. Due to these characteristics of VANETs, the performance of a routing protocol is degraded. The position-based routing is considered to be the most significant approach in VANETs. In this paper, we present a brief review of most significant position based unicast routing protocols designed for vehicle to vehicle communications in the urban environment. We provide them with their working features for exchanging information between vehicular nodes. We describe their pros and cons. This study also provides a comparison of the vehicle to vehicle communication based routing protocols. The comparative study is based on some significant factors such as mobility, traffic density, forwarding techniques and method of junction selection mechanism, and strategy used to handle a local optimum situation. It also provides the simulation based study of existing dynamic junction selection routing protocols and a static junction selection routing protocol. It provides a profound insight into the routing techniques suggested in this area and the most valuable solutions to advance VANETs. More importantly, it can be used as a source of references to other researchers in finding literature that is relevant to routing in VANETs.
Numerical Study on Mixed Convection in Ventilated Cavities with Different Aspect Ratios
Authors: Carozza Antonio
Published: January 2018

An unsteady numerical investigation on mixed convection in a two dimensional open ended cavity with different aspect ratios is carried out. In this investigation, uniform temperature is set to the left and the right sides of the cavity while the other surfaces are adiabatic. The simulation is performed for a wide range of Reynolds numbers (Re = 100–1000) and Richardson numbers (Ri = 0.132–6.5 × 102), and various cavity aspect ratios (L/D = 0.5–4.0) and H/D = 0.1. Governing equations are solved using a cell centered finite volume code, a SIMPLE numerical projection scheme and a 2nd order accuracy. Results are presented in the form of streamlines, isothermal lines, and velocity profiles in the channel. The conclusion is that the enhancement of heat transfer rate is generated principally by the increasing Re and the assisting configuration is thermally more efficient when compared to the opposing one.
Examining Spillovers between Long and Short Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma Games Played in the Laboratory
Authors: Arechar Antonio , Kouchaki Maryam , Rand David
Published: January 2018

We had participants play two sets of repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma (RPD) games, one with a large continuation probability and the other with a small continuation probability, as well as Dictator Games (DGs) before and after the RPDs. We find that, regardless of which is RPD set is played first, participants typically cooperate when the continuation probability is large and defect when the continuation probability is small. However, there is an asymmetry in behavior when transitioning from one continuation probability to the other. When switching from large to small, transient higher levels of cooperation are observed in the early games of the small continuation set. Conversely, when switching from small to large, cooperation is immediately high in the first game of the large continuation set. We also observe that response times increase when transitioning between sets of RPDs, except for altruistic participants transitioning into the set of RPDs with long continuation probabilities. These asymmetries suggest a bias in favor of cooperation. Finally, we examine the link between altruism and RPD play. We find that small continuation probability RPD play is correlated with giving in DGs played before and after the RPDs, whereas high continuation probability RPD play is not.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Addictions among Homeless People in the Greater Paris Area, France
Authors: Laporte Anne , Vandentorren Stéphanie , Détrez Marc-Antoine , Douay Caroline , Le Strat Yann , Le Méner Erwan , Chauvin Pierre ,   The Samenta Research Group
Published: January 2018

The Samenta study was conducted in 2009 in the Greater Paris area to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in homeless people. A cross-sectional survey was performed with a three-stage random sample of homeless people (n = 859), including users of day services, emergency shelters, hot meal distribution, long-term rehabilitation centres, and social hotels. Information was collected by a lay interviewer, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and completed by a psychologist through an open clinical interview. In the end, a psychiatrist assessed the psychiatric diagnosis according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD, 10th revision). One third of homeless people in the Paris area had at least one severe psychiatric disorder (SPD): psychotic disorders (13%), anxiety disorders (12%), or severe mood disorders (7%). One in five was alcohol-dependent and 18% were drug users. Homeless women had significantly higher prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression compared to men, who were more likely to suffer from psychotic disorders. Homeless people of French origin were at higher risk of SPD, as well as people who experienced various adverse life events before the age of 18 (running away, sexual violence, parental disputes, and/or addictions) and those who experienced homelessness for the first time before the age of 26. The prevalence rates of the main psychiatric disorders within the homeless population of our study are consistent with those reported in other Western cities. Our results advocate for an improvement in the detection, housing, and care of psychiatric homeless people.
Enhanced Thermostability of Glucose Oxidase through Computer-Aided Molecular Design
Authors: Ning Xiaoyan , Zhang Yanli , Yuan Tiantian , Li Qingbin , Tian Jian , Guan Weishi , Liu Bo , Zhang Wei , Xu Xinxin , Zhang Yuhong
Published: January 2018

Glucose oxidase (GOD, EC.1.1.3.4) specifically catalyzes the reaction of β-d-glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of oxygen, which has become widely used in the food industry, gluconic acid production and the feed industry. However, the poor thermostability of the current commercial GOD is a key limiting factor preventing its widespread application. In the present study, amino acids closely related to the thermostability of glucose oxidase from Penicillium notatum were predicted with a computer-aided molecular simulation analysis, and mutant libraries were established following a saturation mutagenesis strategy. Two mutants with significantly improved thermostabilities, S100A and D408W, were subsequently obtained. Their protein denaturing temperatures were enhanced by about 4.4 °C and 1.2 °C, respectively, compared with the wild-type enzyme. Treated at 55 °C for 3 h, the residual activities of the mutants were greater than 72%, while that of the wild-type enzyme was only 20%. The half-lives of S100A and D408W were 5.13- and 4.41-fold greater, respectively, than that of the wild-type enzyme at the same temperature. This work provides novel and efficient approaches for enhancing the thermostability of GOD by reducing the protein free unfolding energy or increasing the interaction of amino acids with the coenzyme.
Improving Freeze–Thaw Resistance of Concrete Road Infrastructure by Means of Superabsorbent Polymers
Authors: Craeye Bart , Cockaerts Geert , Kara De Maeijer Patricia
Published: January 2018

The scope of the paper is to report an investigation on durability of infrastructure concrete for roads and bridges by creating a size and shape-designed pore systems in concrete in order to improve it, especially in terms of freeze–thaw resistance. By means of this experimental laboratory study, an alternative for usage of air entrainment agents (AEA) in concrete infrastructures was found in the way of using superabsorbent polymer materials (SAPs). The effect of the addition of SAPs of different amounts and different types into fresh concrete mix was investigated, including: compressive strength tests, weight loss measurements, visual and microscopic inspections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The detrimental strength reduction effect was not observed. The freeze–thaw procedure was varied, using different types of de-icing salts and heating/cooling regimes. It can be concluded that an improvement of the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete infrastructure depends on the particle size and optimal amount of SAPs added into concrete mix. The addition of 0.26 wt % of dry SAPs into the fresh concrete reference mix led to the significant decrease of scaling up to 43% after 28 freeze–thaw cycles. Both dosage and particle size of the SAPs had a significant impact on the obtained results and the freeze–thaw resistance in this experimental laboratory study.
Postural Stability Is Affected in Older Males with Haemophilia—A Matched Control Study
Authors: Digby-Bowl Caroline , Brown Mathew , Stephensen David
Published: January 2018

Despite fall-related injuries having serious consequences for older haemophilic patients, few studies have investigated their postural stability and risk of falls. The aim was to examine postural stability, joint function and joint mobility in haemophiliacs and age-matched controls. Centre of pressure excursions in four 60 s balance conditions, two minute walk test, passive ankle and knee range of motion, Haemophilia Joint Health Score, and Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound score were measured in eight men with haemophilia (people with heamophilia, PWH), and eight age-matched men without haemophilia (people without heamophilia, PWOH). PWH have significantly worse postural stability under physically perturbed conditions (p = 0.001–0.028, η p 2 = 0.19–0.34), reduced joint function (p = 0.001–0.010, d = 1.33–2.62) and mobility (p < 0.001–0.025, d = 1.01–4.61), and increased centre of pressure (CoP) velocity (p < 0.001–0.003) when compared to PWOH. Postural stability among PWH did not deteriorate with time standing, although significant decreases compared to PWOH across all time intervals were observed (Eyes Open Foam (EOF) CoP ellipse (time x group) p = 0.011, η p 2 = 0.28; path (time × group) p = 0.035, η p 2 = 0.21; EOF CoP antero-posterior (AP) (time × group) p = 0.021, η p 2 = 0.24). Joint function, mobility, and postural stability are reduced in PWH compared to PWOH, driven by differences in the CoP AP range. Dynamic tests incorporating physical perturbation may be more effective than static balance tests on a level surface, and longer period of time to assess postural stability may determine whether fatigue affects ability of PWH to maintain postural stability. Adoption of a possible ‘hip strategy’ by which to achieve balance suggests falls prevention programs need to focus on increasing hip strength and retraining ankle strategy movement to allow PWH to improve balance stability.
Auxeticity of Concentric Auxetic-Conventional Foam Rods with High Modulus Interface Adhesive
Authors: Lim Teik-Cheng
Published: January 2018

While the rule of mixture is applicable for addressing the overall Poisson’s ratio of a concentrically aligned bi-layered rod under longitudinal loading, the same cannot be said for this rod under torsional loading due to the higher extent of deformation in the rod material further away from the torsional axis. In addition, the use of adhesives for attaching the solid inner rod to the hollow outer rod introduces an intermediate layer, thereby resulting in a tri-layered concentric rod if the adhesive layer is uniformly distributed. This paper investigates the effect of the adhesive properties on the overall auxeticity of a rod consisting of two concentrically aligned cylindrical isotropic foams with Poisson’s ratio of opposite signs under torsional loads. An indirect way for obtaining Poisson’s ratio of a concentrically tri-layered rod was obtained using a mechanics of materials approach. Results show that the auxeticity of such rods is influenced by the adhesive’s stiffness, Poisson’s ratio, thickness, and radius from the torsional axis.
Mixtures of Lipophilic Phycotoxins: Exposure Data and Toxicological Assessment
Authors: Alarcan Jimmy , Biré Ronel , Le Hégarat Ludovic , Fessard Valérie
Published: January 2018

Lipophilic phycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by phytoplanktonic species. They accumulate in filter-feeding shellfish and can cause human intoxication. Regulatory limits have been set for individual toxins, and the toxicological features are well characterized for some of them. However, phycotoxin contamination is often a co-exposure phenomenon, and toxicological data regarding mixtures effects are very scarce. Moreover, the type and occurrence of phycotoxins can greatly vary from one region to another. This review aims at summarizing the knowledge on (i) multi-toxin occurrence by a comprehensive literature review and (ii) the toxicological assessment of mixture effects. A total of 79 publications was selected for co-exposure evaluation, and 44 of them were suitable for toxin ratio calculations. The main toxin mixtures featured okadaic acid in combination with pectenotoxin-2 or yessotoxin. Only a few toxicity studies dealing with co-exposure were published. In vivo studies did not report particular mixture effects, whereas in vitro studies showed synergistic or antagonistic effects. Based on the combinations that are the most reported, further investigations on mixture effects must be carried out.
Effect of Process Parameters on Flow Length and Flash Formation in Injection Moulding of High Aspect Ratio Polymeric Micro Features
Authors: Eladl Abdelkhalik , Mostafa Rania , Islam Aminul , Loaldi Dario , Soltan Hassan , Hansen Hans , Tosello Guido
Published: January 2018

This paper reports an investigation of the effects of process parameters on the quality characteristics of polymeric parts produced by micro injection moulding (μIM) with two different materials. Four injection moulding process parameters (injection velocity, holding pressure, melt temperature and mould temperature) were investigated using Polypropylene (PP) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Three key characteristics of the mouldings were evaluated with respect to process settings and the material employed: part mass, flow length and flash formation. The experimentation employs a test part with four micro fingers with different aspect ratios (from 21 up to 150) and was carried out according to the Design of Experiments (DOE) statistical technique. The results show that holding pressure and injection velocity are the most influential parameters on part mass with a direct effect for both materials. Both parameters have a similar effect on flow length for both PP and ABS at all aspect ratios and have higher effects as the feature thickness decreased below 300 μm. The study shows that for the investigated materials the injection speed and packing pressure were the most influential parameters for increasing the amount of flash formation, with relative effects consistent for both materials. Higher melt and mould temperatures settings were less influential parameters for increasing the flash amount when moulding with both materials. Of the two investigated materials, PP was the one exhibiting more flash formation as compared with ABS, when corresponding injection moulding parameters settings for both materials were considered.
Biodiversity within Melissa officinalis: Variability of Bioactive Compounds in a Cultivated Collection
Authors: Chizzola Remigius , Lohwasser Ulrike , Franz Chlodwig
Published: January 2018

Phytochemical characters were evaluated in a five-year-old lemon balm collection consisting of 15 and 13 subspecies officinalis and altissima accessions, respectively. Stems were lower in essential oil than leaves. First cut leaves (June) gave more oil than those of the second cut (August). Subspecies officinalis plants had leaf oils rich in geranial, neral and citronellal in various proportions in the first cut. However, in the second cut the oils from all accessions appeared very similar with 80–90% geranial plus neral. Leaf oils of subsp. altissima contained sesquiterpenes (β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D) and also further monoterpenes in the second cut. Leaves had higher rosmarinic acid (RA) contents than stems. More RA was in subsp. officinalis than subsp. altissima leaves. First cut leaves were richer in RA than those from second cut. Total phenolics and antioxidant parameters showed that lemon balm is a valuable source of plant antioxidants.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity of New 1-Phenyl-3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)urea Scaffold-Based Compounds
Authors: Al-Sanea Mohammad , Ali Khan Mohammed , Abdelazem Ahmed , Lee So , Mok Pooi , Gamal Mohammed , Shaker Mohamed , Afzal Muhammad , Youssif Bahaa , Omar Nesreen
Published: January 2018

A new series of 1-phenyl-3-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)urea derivatives were synthesized and subjected to in vitro antiproliferative screening against National Cancer Institute (NCI)-60 human cancer cell lines of nine different cancer types. Fourteen compounds 5a–n were synthesized with three different solvent exposure moieties (4-hydroxylmethylpiperidinyl and trimethoxyphenyloxy and 4-hydroxyethylpiperazine) attached to the core structure. Substituents with different π and σ values were added on the terminal phenyl group. Compounds 5a–e with a 4-hydroxymethylpiperidine moiety showed broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity with higher mean percentage inhibition values over the 60-cell line panel at 10 µM concentration. Compound 5a elicited lethal rather than inhibition effects on SK-MEL-5 melanoma cell line, 786-0, A498, RXF 393 renal cancer cell lines, and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line. Two compounds, 5a and 5d showed promising mean growth inhibitions and thus were further tested at five-dose mode to determine median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. The data revealed that urea compounds 5a and 5d are the most active derivatives, with significant efficacies and superior potencies than paclitaxel in 21 different cancer cell lines belonging particularly to renal cancer and melanoma cell lines. Moreover, 5a and 5d had superior potencies than gefitinib in 38 and 34 cancer cell lines, respectively, particularly colon cancer, breast cancer and melanoma cell lines.
Advances in the Development of PET Ligands Targeting Histone Deacetylases for the Assessment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Tago Tetsuro , Toyohara Jun
Published: January 2018

Epigenetic alterations of gene expression have emerged as a key factor in several neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, inhibitors targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs), which are enzymes responsible for deacetylation of histones and other proteins, show therapeutic effects in animal neurodegenerative disease models. However, the details of the interaction between changes in HDAC levels in the brain and disease progression remain unknown. In this review, we focus on recent advances in development of radioligands for HDAC imaging in the brain with positron emission tomography (PET). We summarize the results of radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of the HDAC ligands to identify their successful results and challenges. Since 2006, several small molecules that are radiolabeled with a radioisotope such as carbon-11 or fluorine-18 have been developed and evaluated using various assays including in vitro HDAC binding assays and PET imaging in rodents and non-human primates. Although most compounds do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, adamantane-conjugated radioligands tend to show good brain uptake. Until now, only one HDAC radioligand has been tested clinically in a brain PET study. Further PET imaging studies to clarify age-related and disease-related changes in HDACs in disease models and humans will increase our understanding of the roles of HDACs in neurodegenerative diseases.
Liver Fat Scores Moderately Reflect Interventional Changes in Liver Fat Content by a Low-Fat Diet but Not by a Low-Carb Diet
Authors: Kabisch Stefan , Bäther Sabrina , Dambeck Ulrike , Kemper Margrit , Gerbracht Christiana , Honsek Caroline , Sachno Anna , Pfeiffer Andreas
Published: January 2018

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disorder all over the world, mainly being associated with a sedentary lifestyle, adiposity, and nutrient imbalance. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD accommodates similar developments for type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related comorbidities and complications. Therefore, early detection of NAFLD is an utmost necessity. Potentially helpful tools for the prediction of NAFLD are liver fat indices. The fatty liver index (FLI) and the NAFLD-liver fat score (NAFLD-LFS) have been recently introduced for this aim. However, both indices have been shown to correlate with liver fat status, but there is neither sufficient data on the longitudinal representation of liver fat change, nor proof of a diet-independent correlation between actual liver fat change and change of index values. While few data sets on low-fat diets have been published recently, low-carb diets have not been yet assessed in this context. Aim: We aim to provide such data from a highly effective short-term intervention to reduce liver fat, comparing a low-fat and a low-carb diet in subjects with prediabetes. Methods: Anthropometric measurements, magnetic resonance (MR)-based intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content, and several serum markers for liver damage have been collected in 140 subjects, completing the diet phase in this trial. Area-under-the-responder-operator-curves (AUROC) calculations as well as cross-sectional and longitudinal Spearman correlations were used. Results: Both FLI and NAFLD-LFS predict liver fat with moderate accuracy at baseline (AUROC 0.775–0.786). These results are supported by correlation analyses. Changes in liver fat, achieved by the dietary intervention, correlate moderately with changes in FLI and NAFLD-LFS in the low-fat diet, but not in the low-carb diet. A correlation analysis between change of actual IHL content and change of single elements of the liver fat indices revealed diet-specific moderate to strong correlations between ΔIHL and changes of measures of obesity, ΔTG, and ΔALT (all low-fat, only) and between ΔIHL and ΔGGT (low-carb, only). With exception for a stronger decrease of triglycerides (TG) levels in the low-carb diet, there is no statistically significant difference in the effect of the diets on anthropometric or serum-based score parameters. Conclusion: While liver fat indices have proved useful in the early detection of NAFLD and may serve as a cost-saving substitute for expensive MR measurements in the cross-sectional evaluation of liver status, their capability to represent interventional changes of liver fat content appears to be diet-specific and lacks accuracy. Liver fat reduction by low-fat diets can be monitored with moderate precision, while low-carb diets require different measuring techniques to demonstrate the same dietary effect.