bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of deep high-rank coal seam gas content and favorable area division based on GIS: A case study of the South Yanchuan block in Ordos Basin
Authors: Fu Yutong , Niu Qinghe , Cui Bin , Huang Dan , Xie Xinhan
Published: April 2022

The South Yanchuan block is the deepest developed high-rank coalbed methane (CBM) field in China, the geological conditions in this block are complex and the main controlling factors of CBM content are various. Thus, a decision-making model of the potential of deep high-rank coalbed methane resource based on geographical information system (GIS) and weighted linear combination (WLC) is established, the influence of geological conditions on CBM content is analyzed, the favorable areas of CBM potential are divided. Results show that the buried depth, coal rank and hydrodynamic condition in the coal seam are dominant factors that control the gas content on a block scale, while the gas content has a weak correlation with maceral composition, coal thickness and the effective thickness of the overlying strata. The study area is divided into five units according to the natural breaks method, i.e., the extramely favourable area, the favourable area, the relatively favourable area, the normally favourable area and the unfavourable area, which account for 14.23%, 22.23%, 24.77%, 25.08% and 13.70% in area, respectively. The extramely favourable area is located in the northwestern of the South Yanchuan block, which is considered to be the key exploration and development area. The study will deepen the understanding of the control of CBM potential in south Yanchuan Block, and is of practical significance for CBM recovery in this area.
Gendering Islamophobia at the crossroad of conflicting rights
Authors: Spini Debora
Published: April 2022

The presence of Muslims in the European public spheres has raised a hoist of debates concerning issues of neutrality, tolerance, and secularism. All over Europe, Muslims are the target of specific forms of hostility, a phenomenon rising substantial questions about the real inclusivity of European democratic spaces. The category of ‘Islamophobia’ has emerged as a valid heuristic tool to identify specific processes of racialization of religion. However, its validity has been fiercely questioned, and the use of this term has been defined as a pretext to bar the way to any form of criticism and objection to Islam. This paper will use the case of Islamophobia to reflect on the new set of conflicts between freedom of religion and freedom of speech, in the perspective of constructing post secularist, pluralistic public spheres. This paper adopts gender as a privileged lens to identify the mechanisms of essentialization and reification at work in the case of Islam
Individual differences in spontaneous facial expressions in people with visual impairment and blindness
Authors: Kim Hyung Nam , Sutharson Sam Jotham
Published: April 2022

People can visualize their spontaneous and voluntary emotions via facial expressions, which play a critical role in social interactions. However, less is known about mechanisms of spontaneous emotion expressions, especially in adults with visual impairment and blindness. Nineteen adults with visual impairment and blindness participated in interviews where the spontaneous facial expressions were observed and analyzed via the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). We found a set of Action Units, primarily engaged in expressing the spontaneous emotions, which were likely to be affected by participants’ different characteristics. The results of this study could serve as evidence to suggest that adults with visual impairment and blindness show individual differences in spontaneous facial expressions of emotions.
LINC00936 exacerbated myocardial infarction progression via miR-4795-3p/Wnt3a signaling pathway based on biological and imaging methods
Authors: Xu Lvyun , Wang Fan
Published: April 2022

Objective

LncRNAs show great potential in diagnosing and treating myocardial infarction (MI). Clarifying the mechanism of lncRNAs on MI is of great significance for the application of MI biomarkers. Therefore, this report intended to determine the role and mechanism of LINC00936 on MI by biological and imaging methods.

Methods

Hypoxia H9C2 model was established by hypoxia treatment. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay detected the apoptosis of H9C2. H2DCFDA staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) contents, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect LINC00936, Wnt3a and miR-4795-3p levels. Western blot detected Wnt3a protein expression. Dual luciferase reporter assays detected the relationship of miR-4795-3p to LINC00936 or Wnt3a. Echocardiography analysis detected cardiac function. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) detected the infarct size. Masson staining detected the pathological changes.

Results

LINC00936 level was elevated in the MI patients compared with the controls. Overexpression of LINC00936 promoted apoptosis and ROS accumulation in hypoxia H9C2 model and exacerbated MI progression in vivo. miR-4795-3p bound with LINC00936 in H9C2 cells and miR-4795-3p mimics inhibited apoptosis and ROS accumulation in hypoxia H9C2 model regulated by LINC00936. Wnt3a was targeted by miR-4795-3p and Wnt3a elevation promoted apoptosis and ROS accumulation in hypoxia H9C2 model.

Conclusion

In this report, we illustrated that LINC00936 exacerbated MI progression via the miR-4795-3p/Wnt3a signaling pathway based on biological and imaging methods. These findings might provide potential molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of MI.
Free-water diffusion MRI detects structural alterations surrounding white matter hyperintensities in the early stage of cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Mayer Carola , Nägele Felix L , Petersen Marvin , Frey Benedikt M , Hanning Uta , Pasternak Ofer , Petersen Elina , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Cheng Bastian
Published: April 2022

In cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), both white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin and the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) contain microstructural brain alterations on diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI). Contamination of DWI-derived metrics by extracellular free-water can be corrected with free-water (FW) imaging. We investigated the alterations in FW and FW-corrected fractional anisotropy (FA-t) in WMH and surrounding tissue and their association with cerebrovascular risk factors. We analysed 1,000 MRI datasets from the Hamburg City Health Study. DWI was used to generate FW and FA-t maps. WMH masks were segmented on FLAIR and T1-weighted MRI and dilated repeatedly to create 8 NAWM masks representing increasing distance from WMH. Linear models were applied to compare FW and FA-t across WMH and NAWM masks and in association with cerebrovascular risk. Median age was 64 ± 14 years. FW and FA-t were altered 8 mm and 12 mm beyond WMH, respectively. Smoking was significantly associated with FW in NAWM (p = 0.008) and FA-t in WMH (p = 0.008) and in NAWM (p = 0.003) while diabetes and hypertension were not. Further research is necessary to examine whether FW and FA-t alterations in NAWM are predictors for developing WMH.
Communications to Promote Interest and Confidence in COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Thorpe Alistair , Fagerlin Angela , Drews Frank A. , Butler Jorie , Stevens Vanessa , Riddoch Marian S. , Scherer Laura D.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Communicating about COVID-19 vaccine side effects and efficacy is crucial for promoting transparency and informed decision-making, but there is limited evidence on how to do so effectively.

Design

A within-subjects experiment.

Setting

Online survey from January 21 to February 6, 2021.

Subjects

596 US Veterans and 447 non-Veterans.

Intervention

5 messages about COVID-19 vaccine side effects and 4 messages about COVID-19 vaccine efficacy.

Measures

COVID-19 vaccine interest (1 = “I definitely do NOT want the vaccine” to 7 = “I definitely WANT the vaccine” with the midpoint 4 = “Unsure”). Confidence about COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (1= “Not at all confident,” 2 = “Slightly confident,” 3 = “Somewhat confident,” 4 = “Moderately confident,” 5 = “Extremely confident”).

Results

Compared to providing information about side effects alone ( M = 5.62 [1.87]), messages with additional information on the benefits of vaccination (M = 5.77 [1.82], P < .001, dz = .25), reframing the likelihood of side effects (M = 5.74 [1.84], P < .001, dz = .23), and emphasizing that post-vaccine symptoms indicate the vaccine is working (M = 5.72 [1.84], P < .001, dz = .17) increased vaccine interest. Compared to a vaccine efficacy message containing verbal uncertainty and an efficacy range ( M = 3.97 [1.25]), messages conveying verbal certainty with an efficacy range ( M = 4.00 [1.24], P = .042, dz=.08), verbal uncertainty focused on the upper efficacy limit ( M = 4.03 [1.26], P < .001, dz = .13), and communicating the point estimate with certainty ( M = 4.02 [1.25], P < .001, dz = .11) increased confidence. Overall, Veteran respondents were more interested ( M Veterans = 5.87 [1.72] vs M NonVeterans = 5.45 [2.00], P < .001, d = .22) and confident ( M Veterans = 4.13 [1.19] vs M NonVeterans = 3.84 [1.32], P < .001, d = .23) about COVID-19 vaccines than non-Veterans.

Conclusions

These strategies can be implemented in large-scale communications (e.g., webpages, social media, and leaflets/posters) and can help guide healthcare professionals when discussing vaccinations in clinics to promote interest and confidence in COVID-19 vaccines.
Food Insecurity and Mental Well-Being Among Low-Income Families During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ling Jiying , Duren Paige , Robbins Lorraine B.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To examine the interaction effects of adult and child food insecurity on parents’ and children’s mental well-being.

Design

An online survey study was conducted.

Setting

Two Head Start organizations and the Qualtrics Panel.

Subjects

Four hundred and eight parents under poverty level and having a child aged 3–5 years participated.

Measures

Food insecurity was assessed by the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module. Parents’ stress, anxiety and depression; and children’s sadness, fear, anger, and positive affect were measured using instruments from HealthMeasures.

Analysis

Multivariate general linear models were performed in SPSS.

Results

Mean age was 31 years, 17% Hispanic, 21% Black. About 51% parents and 37% children were food insecure. After adjusting for demographics and child food insecurity, parents with adult food insecurity had higher stress ( B = 2.65, p = .002), anxiety ( B = 3.02, p = .001), and depression ( B = 3.66, p = .001); and fear in their children ( B = 5.03, p = .002) than those without adult food insecurity. Similarly, parents reporting child food insecurity had greater depression than those having no child food insecurity ( B = 4.61, p = .020). Black parents had lower stress ( B = −1.91, p = .018), anxiety ( B = −2.26, p = .012), and depression ( B = −4.17, p < .001) than their White counterparts.

Conclusions

The study’s results underscore the importance of reducing food insecurity in both parents and children as a whole family system to promote mental well-being of low-income families.
Longitudinal Cohort Study of Depression and Anxiety Among Older Informal Caregivers Following the Initial COVID-19 Pandemic Response in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Allen Joanne , Uekusa Shinya , Alpass Fiona M.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To assess the impact of providing care and conditions of care on psychological wellbeing among older informal caregivers following the initial period of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Methods

Data were from population-based cohorts of older adults participating in the 2020 Health, Work and Retirement longitudinal survey ( n = 3839, 17.4% informal caregivers). Changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety over 2018–2020 surveys associated with sociodemographic factors, caregiving, cohabitation with the care recipient, assistance provided with activities of daily living, support in providing care, and opportunity cost of care were assessed.

Results

Increased depression, but not anxiety, was associated with providing informal care. Among caregivers, lower living standards and cohabitation were associated with increased depression. Lower living standards, unemployment, and lower help from friend/family networks were associated with increased anxiety.

Discussion

Economic hardship and social capital provide targets for supporting psychological wellbeing of older caregivers during periods of pandemic restrictions.
Doing childhood, doing gender, but not doing sports: Unorganized girls’ reflections on leisure time from a relational perspective
Authors: Kassman Anders , Kneck Åsa
Published: April 2022

The aim is to analyze how girls from a multi-ethnic area, not doing sports, reason about their well-being during leisure time, and how they think about physical activities, social relations, and their near future. The results say that they mainly regard leisure time as a moment for rest. They have close relations in primary groups but weaker secondary relations. They reveal stereotypical opinions about gender divisions in sports. Physical activity is unwanted and tiresome, if not part of playing.
A human right to climate protection – Necessary protection or human rights proliferation?
Authors: Kahl Verena
Published: April 2022

In recent years, climate change has presented itself as a new challenge to human rights dogmatism. The present contribution examines the hurdles caused by interpreting existing regional and international human rights standards in the context of climate change, with particular reference to issues of causality, attribution, standing, and extraterritorial jurisdiction. As climate change does not neatly fit into present human rights categories, and progressive interpretation bears the risk of arbitrary and unjust results as well as overstretching the rules of interpretation, this article makes a case for an autonomous human right to climate protection without, however, losing sight of the risks of concomitant human rights overreach. It argues that a new human right to climate protection would respond to basic human needs and could allow for establishing clear legal standards that have the potential to strengthen human rights protection and secure pre-existing rights.
Tool path regeneration in five-axis flank milling for ruled surface based on error distribution
Authors: Yao Chenglin , He Gaiyun , Sang Yicun , Yan Yichen
Published: April 2022

Five-axis flank milling is widely used in the field of aerospace and automotive industry. However, the accurate model between variety conditions of machining and the errors is difficult to establish directly. It is urgent to obtain a tool path for reducing the errors of the parts. Herein, a tool path regeneration method is proposed for five-axis flank milling of ruled surface according to the actual error distribution. The method contains three steps: First, the errors at the middle of the straight generatrix on the machined surface are calculated according to error distribution, and the corresponding normal vectors are obtained by geometric calculation. Second, multi-peaks Gaussian fitting method is utilized to make connections between parameters in the original tool path and error distribution. Finally, the regenerative tool path is obtained by offsetting original tool path. Machining experiments are performed to test the effectiveness of the proposed tool path regeneration method. The error distribution after tool path regeneration shows that the average error reduces 92.32%, with the surface roughness staying constant. Results show that the proposed tool path regeneration method is effective to improve the accuracy for five-axis flank milling.
Experimental research on machinability characteristics of Al-9Si alloy: Effect of Sr and Mg additives
Authors: Hekimoğlu Ali Paşa , Bayraktar Şenol
Published: April 2022

In this study, the effects of strontium (Sr) and magnesium (Mg) elements in certain rates added to Al-9Si alloy manufactured using permanent mold casting technique on the structural, mechanical, and machinability properties of these alloys were investigated. While microstructural images of the alloys were obtained with an optical microscope, hardness, tensile strength, and elongation to fracture were determined by conventional methods. The resultant cutting force ( F) and average surface roughness ( Ra) were measured as experimental outputs in the turning process. It was observed that Al-9Si alloy comprised of α-Al, eutectic Al-Si, β, and primary Si phases. The addition of Sr to the Al-9Si alloy led to the formation of the Al4Sr phase and the transformation of the β phase into the δ phase. The addition of Mg to Al-9Si-0.1Sr alloy caused the δ phase to transform into the π phase. The hardness of the tested alloy increased significantly with the Mg addition. The yield strength and tensile strength of them increased with both Sr and Mg additions. On the other hand, elongation to fracture value of the Al-9Si alloy increased with Sr addition while it decreased with the Mg addition. The F and Ra values obtained from the Al-9Si alloy increased with Sr addition in the turning process while decreased with Mg addition. The results obtained from turning tests were discussed based on the mechanical properties of alloys.
Numerical investigation of an aggressive s-shaped compressor transition duct with boundary layer suction
Authors: Huang Song , Yang Chengwu , Han Ge , Zhao Shengfeng , Cheng Hongzhi , Lu Xingen
Published: April 2022

Aggressive s-shaped compressor transition ducts are important components in the connection between upstream boosters and downstream high-pressure compressors. The flow path is an s-shaped channel with struts and a large radial drop length ratio, which breaks through the limitations of traditional design and has a large aerodynamic loss. Therefore, this paper considers an aggressive s-shaped compressor transition duct in a geared turbofan engine and creatively proposes a method for controlling the flow separation through boundary layer suction. The results show that hub suction reduces the losses of the aggressive s-shape transition duct. As the mass flow rate of hub suction increases, the total pressure loss coefficient decreases and the rate of reduction in the total pressure loss slows down. Combined boundary layer suction reduces the total pressure loss to a greater extent. On the premise that the location of blade suction remains unchanged, the optimal location for the circumferential slot of hub suction is at 20% of the axial chord length of the strut, whereby the total pressure loss coefficient decreases by about 30% compared with the case of no suction. When the mass flow rate of suction is fixed at 3% of the inlet mass flow rate, a distribution of 0.5% from blade suction and 2.5% from hub suction reduces the total pressure loss by 1.6% compared with the case where all 3% comes from hub suction. The distribution of the mass flow rate for combined boundary layer suction has an optimal ratio.
Multiple Generations in the Modern Multinational Organisation and the Compelling Case for RecruitingTheir Individual Voices, Choicesand Spaces
Authors: Varma Tarun N. P.
Published: April 2022

The modern-day multinational organisation is striving to stay ahead in a relentless pursuit of profit, if not survival, while meeting rising expectations of customers, shareholders and society. Faced with challenges on multiple flanks, leaders and line managers seek to unleash the full potential of their multigenerational workforce, more so in a post-COVID-19 era as the world resembles a group of islands rather than one global village, and people are re-examining their life journeys. Through a case study, this paper calls on leaders and managers of multinational organisations to resist the temptation of aggregated labels and intervene where intergenerational differences are perceived to create bias. For this purpose, a comprehensive assessment is recommended of the efficacy and sufficiency of programmes and policies taken to recruit the voices of individual employees, trusting each one to make empowered choices about work and life and respecting the three spaces that matter: ‘workspace, mind space, my space’.
Psychological disorders in patients with orthopaedic oncological diseases and their coping strategies
Authors: Weng Hong Chung , Ajit Singh Vivek , Amar Singh Amarpreet Kaur
Published: April 2022

Background

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression among orthopaedic oncology patients, their quality of life and coping strategies.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited patients from the outpatient orthopaedic oncology clinic at a tertiary institution. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and Brief Coping with Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). Risk factors were analyzed with multiple logistic regression.

Results

191 patients were recruited. The median age was 39.4 years old (IQR 35.0). 29.8% had anxiety, 16.2% had depression, and 15.2% had mixed anxiety and depression. Quality of life median scores differed significantly between patients with anxiety and no anxiety and patients with depression and no depression ( p < 0.001). Patients with mixed anxiety and depression had a more inferior quality of life ( p < 0.001). Age, psychological health and radiotherapy were inversely associated with anxiety. Physical and psychological health were significantly associated with less depression. Ongoing chemotherapy was significantly associated with anxiety and depression. The commonest coping strategies were denial, behavioural disengagement, venting and self-blame.

Conclusion

Anxiety and depression are prevalent among orthopaedic oncology patients. Patients with mixed anxiety and depression had a more inferior quality of life. Patients with ongoing chemotherapy had higher risks of anxiety and depression. The commonest coping strategies were denial, behavioural disengagement, venting and self-blame. Psychosocial evaluation followed by appropriate psychiatric referrals and consultations could be established to facilitate orthopaedic oncology patients during their course of treatment.
We Are Not All the Same: The Influence of Personal Cultural Orientations on Vulnerable Consumers’ Financial Well-Being
Authors: Su Lixun , Tanner Emily C. , Marquart Natalie A. , Zhao Dan
Published: April 2022

Addressing vulnerability worldwide is the goal of many organizations (e.g., nongovernmental organizations, nonprofit service providers, policy makers) and scholars, yet vulnerable consumers sometimes reject help that could ameliorate their vulnerability, especially when offered services that conflict with their personal cultural orientations. This article utilizes secondary data collected in the United States and primary data collected in the United States and China to explore how two personal cultural orientations—idiocentrism (i.e., individualism at the individual level) and allocentrism (i.e., collectivism at the individual level)—influence one's perceived financial vulnerability and behavior. The results demonstrate that idiocentrism (vs. allocentrism) decreases (vs. increases) perceived financial vulnerability through other personal cultural orientations (i.e., long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity). Finally, perceived financial vulnerability leads to consumers engaging in financial behaviors that negatively affect financial well-being. The results contribute to the literature by deepening understanding of the formulation mechanism and consequences of perceived financial vulnerability from the perspective of personal cultural orientations. In addition, the results indicate that personal cultural orientations can be changed by idiocentrism/allocentrism and thus can be treated as endogenous variables in international marketing research.
Stiffness design and multi-objective optimization of machine tool structure based on biological inspiration
Authors: Hao Yanpeng , Zhu Lida , Yan Boling , Ren Tianyu , Zhao Jinze , Ning Xuefeng , Lu Hao
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a novel method to design the internal stiffeners layout of the supporting parts of a machine tool. This method skillfully adopts the natural growth law of leaf veins. Firstly, the similarity between the growth law of leaf veins and the layout of stiffeners in the supporting parts is dealt with in detail. The mechanical properties of different growth types of leaf veins are compared and analyzed by the finite element simulation. In addition, the optimality of the adaptive growth law of leaf veins is also analyzed. Then, a parameter optimization method of stiffeners layout based on a variable cross-section structure is proposed. Distinct from the traditional design of stiffeners layout, the method proposed in this paper not only adopts the idea of a variable cross-section structure, but also simulates the adaptive growth law of leaf veins through a parametric method. In the process of establishing a meta model, three modeling methods are compared, and the excellent performance of the genetic algorithm and BP neural network (GABPNN) method in meta model accuracy is determined. And a marine predator algorithm is implemented to optimize the meta model. Finally, the method proposed in this paper is applied to the design of the column part of a machine tool, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experiments, which provides a good idea for the design of stiffeners layout of the supporting parts of a machine tool.
Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiographic Detection of a Gerbode Defect in a Patient Referred for Aortic Valve Endocarditis: A Case Report
Authors: Fernando Rohesh J. , Johnson Sean D. , Richardson Karl
Published: April 2022

This clinical challenge discusses a case in which a patient was referred for aortic valve repair or replacement due to severe aortic regurgitation from infective endocarditis. In addition to discovering a previously unknown tricuspid valve vegetation, the intraoperative echocardiographic evaluation was instrumental in revealing an undiagnosed Gerbode defect. The flow through this Gerbode defect was previously mistaken for tricuspid regurgitation, and the patient was misdiagnosed as exhibiting severe pulmonary hypertension. This case highlights the importance of reviewing preoperative echocardiographic imaging, as well as diligence in completing a thorough intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic exam prior to cardiopulmonary bypass. In addition, while flow typically occurs in Gerbode defects during systole, this case demonstrates that flow can also occur during diastole, which was most likely due to the severe aortic regurgitation. Fortunately, the patient was able to undergo successful treatment for the unexpected sequalae of the infective endocarditis, including repair of the Gerbode defect, tricuspid valve repair, and aortic valve and root replacement. Importantly, the incorrect diagnosis of severe pulmonary hypertension was removed.
Improving older adults’ vaccination uptake: Are existing measures of vaccine hesitancy valid and reliable for older people?
Authors: Cogan Nicola , Gallant Allyson J , Nicholls Louise A Brown , Rasmussen Susan , Young David , Williams Lynn
Published: April 2022

We sought to establish whether two recently developed measures, the 5C scale and the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) were reliable and valid for use with older adults. A total of 372 UK-dwelling participants (65–92 years, M = 70.5 years, SD = 4.6) completed a cross-sectional survey measuring health and socio-demographic characteristics in relation to vaccine uptake for influenza, pneumococcal and shingles. The 5C and VAX scales were administered to test their reliability, validity and dimensionality. Both scales showed good internal reliability and convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity. Their factor structures were also confirmed, supporting their use with older adult populations.
Relationship between oral narrative and vocabulary skills among bilingual language-minority children and their monolingual peers in primary school
Authors: Vettori Giulia , Bigozzi Lucia , Incognito Oriana , Pinto and Giuliana
Published: April 2022

Aim:

This study investigates whether the conditions of bilingual language-minority (BLM) children versus monolingualism have different effects on oral narrative and vocabulary skills in the societal language (SL-Italian) and on the predictive interrelations between the two skills.

Methodology:

A total of 112 primary school children (44 % BLM L1-Chinese, L2-Italian and 56 % Italian monolinguals) aged 7–11 years ( M age = 113 months, SD = 12.03; 44 girls, 68 boys) performed an oral story-narration task and a vocabulary task. The purpose of the former was to assess the children’s textual (structure, coherence) and language (cohesion, word productivity) competences, while the latter test assessed their ability to define written words by implementing different cognitive-linguistic processes. A parental questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding age, socioeconomic status (SES), and home language exposure.

Data analysis:

We compared BLM and monolinguals’ lexical competence and oral narrative ability in an independent t-test analysis. We further verified the relationship between the lexical and oral narrative abilities in Spearman bivariate correlations analyses and investigated their interrelations in a stepwise regression model. Age and SES were controlled for.

Findings:

BLM children fall significantly behind their monolingual peers on textual structure and lexical skills. Meanwhile, their textual and language competences in stories are similar. In the total sample and monolingual group, lexical skills are positively correlated with the text structure. Results of stepwise regression analyses show that lexical skills completely mediate the effect of BLM versus monolingualism on text structure.

Originality:

Results on school-aged BLM (L1-Chinese, L2-Italian) children’s oral narrative, vocabulary skills, and their relations extend previous research on bilingualism.

Significance:

The scarce narrative structure in BLM children’s stories is related to limited vocabulary input. High-level textual processing difficulties may result from the high cognitive effort of managing both the choosing of adequate words in L2 and composing an oral story concurrently.
Ally endorsement: Exploring allyship cues to promote perceptions of allyship and positive STEM beliefs among White female students
Authors: Johnson India R. , Pietri Evava S.
Published: April 2022

Many science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) domains are White-male-dominated; yet, investigations exploring how White men scientists can counter women’s underrepresentation are lacking. We examined whether exposure to a White male scientist endorsed as an ally by a gender ingroup member (i.e., an allyship cue) encouraged identity-safety and positive STEM beliefs among White female students. Relative to a White male scientist without an allyship cue, participants that viewed an endorsed scientist reported greater perceptions of allyship, identity-safety (Experiment 1–3), interest, and self-efficacy in computer science (Experiments 2 and 3). In Experiment 3, we recruited White women in STEM and found that ally endorsement from a White or Black female, but not a White male, promoted identity-safety. Moreover, the endorsed scientist encouraged perceptions that they possessed a shared reality with participants and recognized the bias that women in STEM face. Allyship cues may help White men attract White female students to STEM.
Investigating motivations underlying collective narcissism and in-group identification
Authors: Eker Irem , Cichocka Aleksandra , Sibley Chris G.
Published: April 2022

We draw on self-determination theory and research on religious orientations to investigate motivations associated with collective narcissism—a belief in in-group greatness that is underappreciated by others—versus secure in-group identity, an unpretentious positive regard for the in-group. Four surveys examined these associations focusing on different social identities: personally important groups (Study 1, N = 212), nationalities (Study 2, N = 196), and religious groups (Study 3, N = 1,690; Study 4, N = 399). In Studies 1, 2, and 4, self-determined motivations were associated with secure in-group identity, whereas non-self-determined motivations were related to collective narcissism. In Studies 3 and 4, intrinsic religiosity was related to collective narcissism and secure in-group identity, while extrinsic personal religiosity was associated with collective narcissism only. Results indicate that collective narcissism is motivated by seeking external and internal rewards.
Fatigue analysis of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under high compressive residual stresses by considering the non-propagating crack region
Authors: Farshbaf Sima , Chakherlou Tajbakhsh Navid , Bakhshan Hadi
Published: April 2022

This article is a numerical investigation to determine the fatigue life of cold expanded fastener holes in 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. To estimate the numerical fatigue life, a combination of initiation and propagation lives was used. Three multiaxial fatigue criteria were employed to estimate the initiation life, while the AFGROW software was employed to predict the propagation life. The current research encountered the difficulty of high compressive residual stress at the edge of the cold expanded hole which hinders the crack growth. This overload zone near the hole edge is called the non-propagating crack region. Three models were considered to simulate the effect of the non-propagating crack region. Each model tried to provide the ability of the crack growth in this area by modifying factors such as residual stress and stress intensity factors. The S–N diagrams show longer lives for the cold expanded specimens. Moreover, to ensure the accuracy of the numerical results, they were compared with the experimental data in which the numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Associations between Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) attendance, adversity and language outcomes of 2-year-olds
Authors: Lim Sarah , Levickis Penny , Eadie Patricia
Published: April 2022

Research evidence suggests children experiencing adversity are at risk of language disparities in early childhood. This puts these children at risk of poor language outcomes, perpetuating disadvantage in later development and academic life. This study aimed to investigate associations between Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) attendance, hours of attendance and quality in a cohort of 2-year-old children experiencing adversity with their language outcomes at age five. Pregnant women experiencing adversity, based on women meeting two or more of 10 factors on a brief risk factor survey, were recruited from maternity hospitals in Victoria and Tasmania, Australia. At age 2 years, ECEC data was collected via survey, including ECEC attendance, amount of time spent and ECEC quality (using the Australian government’s national measure of quality, the National Quality Standard assessment) ( n = 161). At age 5 years, child language outcomes were measured using a standardised language assessment. This data was analysed using logistic regressions and the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test to identify associations. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found language scores at age five were higher, on average, for children who attended ECEC at age two compared to those who did not attend. However, hours of attendance and ECEC quality, was not found to be associated with language outcomes. Findings suggest ECEC attendance in the early developmental years (birth to age 3 years) may be a protective factor against social disadvantage factors and contribute to positive language development for children experiencing adversity. This information is important for the ECEC sector, policymakers and families to advocate, enable and ensure high-quality ECEC is accessible, particularly for children experiencing adversity.
Taking care of the beloved patient
Authors: Appel Jacob M
Published: April 2022

While the management of treating “hateful” patients has been the subject of considerable commentary, far less attention has been paid to the ethical challenges involved in the treatment of “beloved” patients. This essay offers a non-exhaustive taxonomy of “beloved” patients that includes relatable patients, inspiring patients, empathy-inducing patients, and joyful patients, and then discusses the potential pitfalls involved in the optimal care of each group. By drawing attention to these often overlooked and unwitting risks, the hope is to mitigate both their direct impact upon individual “beloved” patients and their residual impact upon those patients who are not viewed as “beloved” by their providers.
Contest Outcome Uncertainty and Fan Decisions: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Collins Clay , Humphreys Brad R.
Published: April 2022

Outcome uncertainty represents a central, defining area of sports economic research. Contest outcome uncertainty (COU), the idea that fan expectations about game outcomes affects attendance decisions, receives substantial attention in the literature, including many papers published in this journal. The standard model of fan decisions under uncertainty generates two diametrically opposed predictions about the COU-attendance relationship, depending on fan preferences, generating tension in the empirical literature. We undertake a meta-analysis of the empirical COU literature to assess empirical support for these predictions. We identify more than 500 empirical model specifications reported in 97 COU papers. The results slightly favor the loss aversion version of the model, but the literature contains no consensus. Sport analyzed and choice of COU proxy variable have no relationship to reported results. Simple OLS and panel data methods generate much of the evidence, highlighting the importance of using causal inference methods in future research.
A Blended Cognitive–Behavioral Intervention for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression: A Case Study
Authors: Branquinho Mariana , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Fonseca Ana
Published: April 2022

Postpartum depression is a highly prevalent mental health problem with harmful consequences for women, babies, and mother–infant relationships. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) is among the most effective treatment options for postpartum depression. However, a large number of postpartum women do not seek professional help, suggesting the need for new treatment delivery formats. The present article describes the application of Be a Mom Coping with Depression, a blended CBT treatment for postpartum depression, for a 31-year-old postpartum woman. The intervention was provided over a period of 13 weeks, integrating seven biweekly sessions with a psychologist and six sessions within an online program, and it is described in detail. A summary of the patient’s progress and the results obtained throughout treatment is reported. At the end of the intervention, a significant decrease in depressive and anxiety symptoms was observed, as well as increased perceived maternal self-efficacy, higher psychological flexibility, and higher self-compassion. This case study provides encouraging data for the preliminary evidence of the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of the Be a Mom Coping with Depression intervention in the reduction of depressive symptoms during the postpartum period. Advantages of this treatment format and implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Clinical and genetic investigations in Chinese families with retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Chen Ling , Wang Ningli , Lai Mingying , Hou Fei , He Jing , Fan Xianming , Yao Xue , Wang Ruijuan
Published: April 2022

To describe clinical and genetic characteristics in a series of Chinese patients with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa, a total of 20 unrelated Chinese pedigrees with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa were evaluated. Complete ophthalmic examinations data including the Humphrey visual field, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography, full-field electroretinography, and fundus fluorescence were collected and analyzed. Targeted exome sequencing was utilized to investigate variations in 260 known genes of inherited retinal disease, including the 90 known causative retinitis pigmentosa genes. We initially identified the potential candidate variants in the pedigrees, then validated the variants using the Sanger sequencing and performed segregation analysis to verify that the variants constituted disease-causing mutations in these pedigrees. We detected three novel (likely) pathogenic and eight previously reported (likely) pathogenic variations in nine genes reported to be related to non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa in nine of the pedigrees. We report clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with retinitis pigmentosa and novel mutations responsible for non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa in Chinese pedigrees, expanding the number of gene mutations associated with this disorder and clarifying its genetic basis in the Chinese population. These data will help with rapid and efficient molecular diagnosis and the study of targeted treatment for retinitis pigmentosa in this population.
Analysis of condensation and ventilation phenomena for double skin façade units
Authors: Squadroni Francesco , De Michele Giuseppe , Mazzucchelli Enrico Sergio , Demanega Ingrid , Mangialardo Sara , Avesani Stefano
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a study of the thermo-hygrometric behaviour of a Double Skin Façade (DSF) unit. The study aims (i) at comparing currently used calculation procedures according to European and American standards (UNI EN ISO 10077, UNI EN ISO 12631:2018, ISO 15099:2003, ANSI/NFRC 100 for the thermal performance and ISO 13788:2012 (2012) for the condensation risk), and (ii) at assessing the 2D hygrothermal performance of a double skin module through a Finite Element Method (FEM)-based model. According to the current standards, a detailed characterization of thermal and fluid dynamic phenomena in closed and ventilated cavities is neglected and a simplified approach is proposed, which tends to overestimate the overall U-value of the curtain wall (UCW) due to an incremental thermal resistance that depends on the thickness of the air gap layer and the level of ventilation. The potential risk of this simplification is that the DSF estimated design performance, whilst complying with regulatory requirements, present inconsistencies respect to the real behaviour, impacting energy, comfort, material degradation, etc. Accurate assessments could be done already during design through detailed FEM multi-physic analyses. Nevertheless, those require a specific knowledge, are cost and time-consuming. As a first step, this study focuses on comparing the normed calculation approach for the design, against a detailed FEM-based multi-physics methodology. Specifically, this couples CFD, hygrothermal and Ray Tracing physics in a tool for the calculation of thermal transmittance, g-value and relative humidity of a DSF with a customizable geometry. As a second step, given a real DSF unit that showed unforeseen phenomena of surface condensation inside the cavity during several hours in spring and autumn, the multi-physic tool has been used to evaluate the condensation risk with the current and modified DSF design, under static and time-dependent boundary conditions.
The binding structure of event elements in episodic memory and the role of animacy
Authors: Schreiner Marcel R , Meiser Thorsten , Bröder Arndt
Published: April 2022

Experienced events consist of several elements which need to be bound together in memory to represent the event in a coherent manner. Given such bindings, the retrieval of one event element should be related to the successful retrieval of another element of the same event, thus leading to a stochastic dependency of the retrieval of event elements. The way in which bindings are structured is not yet clearly established and only few moderators of the binding of event elements have been identified. We present results from three experiments aiming to distinguish between an integrated binding structure, in which event elements are bound into a unitary representation, and a hierarchical binding structure, in which event elements are preferentially bound to specific types of elements. Experiments 2 and 3 were additionally designed to identify animacy, an entity’s property of being alive, as a potential moderator of the binding of event elements. We also offer a new approach for modelling dependencies of the retrieval of event elements which mitigates some limitations of previous approaches. Consistent with previous literature, we found dependencies of the retrieval of event elements if all of an event’s constituent associations were shown. We found mixed evidence for integrated or hierarchical binding structures but found dependency of the retrieval of event elements to be sensitive to the presence of animacy in an event. The results suggest that binding structures may vary depending on moderators such as animacy or event structure awareness. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
A phase 1 study of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of escalating doses followed by dose expansion of the selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) selinexor in Asian patients with advanced or metastatic malignancies
Authors: Ho Jingshan , Heong Valerie , Peng Yong Wei , Soo Ross , Ean Chee Cheng , Wong Andrea , Sundar Raghav , Liang Thian Yee , Gopinathan Anil , Yan Pang Mei , Koe Priscillia , Nathan Jeraj Santhiay , Pyar Soe Phyu , Yar Soe Mu , Tang Tiffany , Ng Matthew C.H. , Tai David W.M. , Tan Tira J.Y. , Xu Hongmei , Chang Hua , Landesman Yosef , Shah Jatin , Shacham Sharon , Chin Lee Soo , Tan Daniel S.W. , Cher Goh Boon , Tan David S.P.
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

This phase 1 study aims to evaluate the tolerability and the recommended phase 2 dose of selinexor in Asian patients with advanced or metastatic malignancies.

Experimental Design:

A total of 105 patients with advanced malignancies were enrolled from two sites in Singapore (National University Hospital and the National Cancer Centre, Singapore) from 24 February 2014 to 14 January 2019. We investigated four dosing schedules of selinexor in a 3 + 3 dose escalation design with an additional Phase 1b expansion cohort. Adverse events were graded with the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v 4.03. Pharmacodynamic assessments included nuclear cytoplasmic localization of p27, XPO1 cargo proteins pre and post selinexor dosing and pharmacokinetic assessments were conducted at doses between 40 and 60 mg/m2.

Results:

In our Asian patient cohort, dosing at 40 mg/m2 given 2 out of 3 weeks, was the most tolerable for our patients. At this dose level, grade 3 adverse events included fatigue (8%), hyponatremia (23%), vomiting (5%), thrombocytopenia (5%), and anaemia (2%). Selinexor had a rapid oral absorption with median Tmax of 2 h and no PK accumulation after multiple doses of tested regimens. Complete responses were seen in two lymphoma patients. Partial responses were noted in three diffuse large B cell lymphomas, one Hodgkin’s lymphoma and thymic carcinoma patient, respectively.

Conclusion:

Selinexor is tolerated by Asian patients at 40 mg/m2 twice a week given 2 out of 3 weeks. A 1-week drug holiday was needed as our patients could not tolerate the current approved continuous dosing regimens because of persistent grade 3 fatigue, anorexia and hyponatremia.