bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) fragment numbers alone – in Atlantic cod and in general - do not represent functional variability
Authors: Dijkstra Johannes M. , Grimholt Unni
Published: September 2018

This correspondence concerns a publication by Malmstrømet al.in Nature Genetics in October 2016. Malmstrømet al.made an important contribution to fish phylogeny research by using low-coverage genome sequencing for comparison of 66 teleost (modern bony) fish species, with 64 of those 66 belonging to the species-rich clade Neoteleostei, and with 27 of those 64 belonging to the order Gadiformes. For these 66 species, Malmstrømet al.estimated numbers of genes belonging to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I lineages U and Z and concluded that in teleost fish these combined numbers are positively associated with, and a driving factor of, the rates of establishment of new fish species (speciation rates). They also claimed that functional genes for the MHC class II system molecules MHC IIA, MHC IIB, CD4 and CD74 were lost in early Gadiformes. Our main criticisms are (1) that the authors did not provide sufficient evidence for presence or absence of intact functional MHC class I or MHC class II system genes, (2) that they did not discuss that an MHC subpopulation gene number alone is a very incomplete measure of MHC variance, and (3) that the MHC system is more likely to reduce speciation rates than to enhance them. Furthermore, their use of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model is a typical example of overly naïve use of that model system. In short, we conclude that their new model of MHC class I evolution, reflected in their title “Evolution of the immune system influences speciation rates in teleost fish”, is unsubstantiated, and that their “pinpointing” of the functional loss of the MHC class II system and all the important MHC class II system genes to the onset of Gadiformes is preliminary, because they did not sufficiently investigate the species at the clade border.
ITSxpress: Software to rapidly trim internally transcribed spacer sequences with quality scores for marker gene analysis
Authors: Rivers Adam R. , Weber Kyle C. , Gardner Terrence G. , Liu Shuang , Armstrong Shalamar D.
Published: September 2018

The internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region between the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene is a widely used phylogenetic marker for fungi and other taxa. The eukaryotic ITS contains the conserved 5.8S rRNA and is divided into the ITS1 and ITS2 hypervariable regions. These regions are variable in length and are amplified using primers complementary to the conserved regions of their flanking genes. Previous work has shown that removing the conserved regions results in more accurate taxonomic classification. An existing software program, ITSx, is capable of trimming FASTA sequences by matching hidden Markov model profiles to the ends of the conserved genes using the software suite HMMER. ITSxpress was developed to extend this technique from marker gene studies using Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU’s) to studies using exact sequence variants; a method used by the software packages Dada2, Deblur, QIIME 2, and Unoise. The sequence variant approach uses the quality scores of each read to identify sequences that are statistically likely to represent real sequences. ITSxpress enables this by processing FASTQ rather than FASTA files. The software also speeds up the trimming of reads by a factor of 14-23 times on a 4-core computer by temporarily clustering highly similar sequences that are common in amplicon data and utilizing optimized parameters for Hmmsearch. ITSxpress is available as a QIIME 2 plugin and a stand-alone application installable from the Python package index, Bioconda, and Github.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ОСОЗНАННОЙ САМОРЕГУЛЯЦИИ ПРОИЗВОЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ И УРОВНЯ СУБЪЕКТИВНОГО КОНТРОЛЯ У СТУДЕНТОВ – БУДУЩИХ ПЕДАГОГОВ
Authors: Zobnina Tat’jаna Venerovna , Kisljаkova Lyubov’ Petrovna
Published: September 2018

Проблема выявления факторов, влияющих на уровень осознанной саморегуляции деятельности у студентов – будущих педагогов с целью ее последующего развития, становится особо актуальной в условиях современного высшего образования.Целью данной статьи является освещение результатов проведенного авторами исследования взаимосвязи осознанной саморегуляции произвольной активности и уровня субъективного контроля у студентов – будущих педагогов.Методики исследования. В ходе исследования применялись следующие методики: «Стиль саморегуляции поведения (ССПМ)» (автор В.И.Моросанова),«Уровень субъективного контроля» (УСК) (модифицированный вариант опросника Дж.Роттера).Результаты. Выявлены взаимосвязи между общим уровнем осознанной саморегуляции произвольной активности, а также компонентами индивидуальной системы саморегуляции деятельности студентов – будущих педагогов, с одной стороны, и обобщенным показателем уровня субъективного контроля, показателями их интернальности в области достижений, неудач, межличностных отношений, с другой стороны. Определено, что уровень субъективного контроля студентов-педагогов является предиктором общего уровня осознанной саморегуляции произвольной активности. Установлено, что студенты с интернальным локусом контроля статистически значимо превосходят студентов с экстернальным локусом контроля в отношении общего уровня осознанной саморегуляции произвольной активности, а также в отношении уровня развития моделирования значимых условий деятельности, программирования предстоящих исполнительских действий для достижения поставленных целей, оценивания результатов своей активности.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в образовательно-воспитательной среде педагогических учебных заведений.
PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP-PRINSIP GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL PADA BANK PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH (BPD) DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hidayah Nur , Ariesanti Alia
Published: September 2018

Implementation of good corporate governance in banks is expected to eliminate mismanagement, forming a system of checks and balances that guarantee effective and all-powerful corporation in line with improving corporate performance through the creation process of making better decisions, improve operational efficiency and further improve services to stakeholders. The study was conducted to provide empirical evidence of the influence of the implementation of good corporate governance on managerial performance in Yogyakarta BPD Bank. Research object is the middle and lower level managers in the Regional Development Bank (BPD) Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data used are the primary data from respondents' answers, the  manager at the Bank BPD DIY. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) Transparency affect managerial performance. (2) Accountability affect managerial performance. (3) Responsibility affect managerial performance. (4) independency affect managerial performance. (5) Fairness does not affect managerial performance
KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA KOPERASI PENERIMA DANA BERGULIR MODAL KERJA DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA Studi Kasus pada Koperasi Serba Usaha (KSU) BMT An Ni’mah Kotagede
Authors: Mubiroh Siti , Winarso Beni Suhendra
Published: September 2018

Empowerment of cooperatives is part  of poverty reduction through the expansion of employment opportunities and the increase of society incomes. In the framework of economic empowerment and cooperatives income increasing in DIY, the provincial government provide Dana Bergulir Modal Kerja to increase the production capacity of the cooperative.The objective of this research is to analyze the financial performance of cooperatives before and after receiving Dana Bergulir Modal Kerja. The main data that was collected is secondary data. The financial data was analyzed using quantitave analysis using financial ratio analysis and different t-test (paired sample t test) .Result of analysis showed that there are some increases in  debt to total asset ratio and there is no increase in  current ratio, cash ratio, net profit margin ratio, return on asset ratio and return on equity ratio in KSU BMT An Ni’mah Kotagede after receiving Dana Bergulir Modal Kerja.
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI PENYUSUNAN ANGGARAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL (Studi pada Hotel di Kota Yogyakarta)
Authors: Rahayu Eka Ningsih Puji
Published: September 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of budgetary participation on managerial performance with decentralization, leadership style, and motivation as moderating variables. Primary data from 36 respondents consisting of hotel manager, heads of divisions and employees were obtained through direct survey from one hotel in Yogyakarta. Regression analysis were run four times to test four hypotheses. The results shows that only decentralization variable was found as moderating variable in strengthening the effect of budgetary participation on managerial performance.
How do modern parents deal with cultural beliefs about breastfeeding? A qualitative study
Authors: Anggraeni Mekar Dwi , Aji Budi , Setiyani Rahmi , Kartikasari Aprilia , Rahmawati Eni
Published: September 2018

Background

Cultural beliefs strongly affect the practice of breastfeeding. Interpretations of cultural beliefs change over time, particularly among modern parents; however, knowledge of these changes is limited.

Aim

To explore cultural beliefs related to breastfeeding and modern Indonesian parents' perceptions.

Methods

This article reports on the cultural beliefs about breastfeeding from an ethnographic study of 23 participants. Data were collected using focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and observations, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings

Analysis revealed four main themes: ‘suggested food and behaviour’; ‘restricted food and behaviour’; ‘consequences of avoiding taboos’ and ‘the dynamic change in cultural beliefs’.

Conclusions

Healthcare providers can use the results of this study to develop a culturally sensitive educational programmes that are congruent with modern parents' needs.
Enhancing the experience of transition from child to adult health services
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: September 2018

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses transition and how various publications have attempted to enhance care delivery to this vulnerable group of patients
From staff nurse to nurse consultant: Continuing professional development part 5: Learning from experience
Authors: Fowler John
Published: September 2018

John Fowler, Educational Consultant, explores CPD for the clinically based nurse, looking at demonstrating and validating experiential learning
Who should take the lead in the learning dance?
Authors: Cigman Julie
Published: September 2018

Children learn most effectively through a process called social constructivism, where adults and children take turns in leading and following, and where the child has a genuine sense of purpose in their play.
The workforce strategy needs government boost
Authors: Merrick Beatrice
Published: September 2018

While the Early Years Workforce Strategy has made tentative steps in the right direction, a number of proposals have already fallen by the wayside and there is concern that the government lacks ambition.
Evidence backs graduate impact
Authors: Davis Emma
Published: September 2018

The Early Years Workforce Strategy, although in no way perfect, promised much of benefit to early childhood educators, however, like most policies, poor funding and lack of support look set to undermine it.
The need for a ‘playful gravitas’
Authors: Dubiel Jan
Published: September 2018

It has never been more important to be clear about the serious nature of what we do and the impact of the quality of effective early education. This extends to how we present ourselves as a profession.
A natural way of learning
Authors: Pandit Kalpana
Published: September 2018

As babies grow they need more challenges and activities to broaden their knowledge and development; in this article, we explore outdoor learning activities for children from birth to three-years-old.
Revamping Higher Education Research in Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Fayyaz Ahmad Faize  , Prof. Dr. Adnan Sarwar Khan  , Dr. Inayat Kalim
Published: September 2018

The world economy has shifted from export of natural resources to Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE) at present. The addition of hi-tech knowledge to finished products has provided impetus to many crippling economies. The role of higher education is very vital in realising this KBE. This is evident from the role that the US and European universities have assumed as business incubators and income generators through intensive industry-university liaison. However, the higher education institutes in Pakistan are still teaching-focussed. The need is to revamp higher education institutions by identifying the impediments in higher education research and exploring ways and means for improving it. The data for this study was collected from 655 faculty members selected from six universities through an open-ended questionnaire. For increasing reliability in the findings, a short semi-structured interview was conducted with 20 research experts. The questionnaire data was quantitatively analysed using percentages while the interviews were thematically analysed for drawing conclusions.
Early and Accurate Sex Determination by qPCR of Y Chromosome Repetitive Sequence (YRS) In Cell-Free Fetal DNA from Maternal Plasma
Authors: Jacobsen Ditte , Krog Grethe Risum , Clausen Frederik Banch
Published: September 2018

Background

Circulating cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) provides the opportunity for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Early knowledge of the fetal sex is essential in cases with a risk of a sex-linked genetic disease. A reliable and highly sensitive sex determination test is required for first trimester testing because of the low amounts of cffDNA.

Methods

First trimester blood samples from 326 pregnant women were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the presence of Y chromosome repetitive sequence (YRS). Blood samples were collected from gestational weeks 4–12. Fetal sex was predicted on the basis of results from the YRS assay of cffDNA extracted from maternal plasma. The predicted sex was compared with the phenotypic sex of the newborn baby (n = 294).

Results

There was high concordance between the test results from the YRS assay and the actual sex at birth. There were no false-positive results, indicating agreement between male YRS results and male sex at birth. Two results were false negative (from gestational weeks 4 and 6) predicting female fetuses, when the actual sex at birth was male. Overall, the sensitivity of the YRS assay was 98.6% (95% CI, 95.1%–99.8%), specificity was 100% (95% CI, 97.5%–100%), and accuracy was 99.3% (95% CI, 97.5%–99.9%). From 7 weeks of gestation, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%.

Conclusions

This study shows that qPCR can be used to detect and quantify repetitive DNA sequences from 0.3 genome equivalents per milliliter of plasma. Prenatal sex determination by qPCR of YRS in cffDNA from maternal plasma was reliable and robust with cffDNA extracted from 1 mL of nonhemolyzed plasma, with a plasma equivalent per PCR of 167 μL. The YRS assay can be used for early noninvasive prenatal sex determination from a gestational age of 7 weeks.
Pool of endoglucanase genes in Schizophyllum commune Fr.:Fr. (Basidiomycetes) on the territory of Ukraine
Authors: Boiko Sergiy M.
Published: September 2018

Pool of intracellular endoglucanases of the fungus Schizophyllum commune on the territory of Ukraine was studied. Two loci of endoglucanase (Eg1, Eg2) were found. The polymorphic locus Eg2 controls the expression of four alleles. Alleles Eg293, Eg296 and Eg2102 are rare and peculiar to certain populations. Amino acid sequence of the locus Eg2 in databases of NCBI (XP_003031634.1) and UniProt (D8Q439) was probably identified. It is classified among the family 5 (GH5) and consists of 333 amino acid residues.
Characterization of an acidophilic α-amylase from Aspergillus niger RBP7 and study of catalytic potential in response to nutritionally important heterogeneous compound
Authors: Mukherjee Riddha , Paul Tanmay , Halder Suman Kumar , Soren Jyoti Prakash , Banerjee Amrita , Mondal Keshab Chandra , Pati Bikash Ranjan , Mohapatra Pradeep Kumar Das
Published: September 2018

An acidophilic α-amylase from Aspergillus niger RBP7 was purified after solid state fermentation on potato peel substrate. Molecular mass of the purified α-amylase was 37.5 kDa and it exhibited 1.4 mg/ml and 0.992 μ/mol/min Km and Vmax values, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range from 2.0 to 6.0, at high NaCl concentration (3 M) and at temperatures between 40 °C and 70 °C. The enzyme showed an optimal activity at pH 3.0 and at 45 °C. The enzyme was inhibited by Hg2+ and was stable in the presence of different surfactants (Tween 60, Tween 80, and SDS at 1% level) and different inhibitory reagents (β-mercaptoethanol, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and sodium azide). This acidophilic amylase enzyme can digest heterogeneous food materials, i.e. the mixture of rice, fish, bread and curry with comparable activity to the commercial diastase enzymes available.
Analytical Review of Interest for Big Data
Authors: GORLEVSKAYA L. E. , SEKERIN V. D. , GUSOV A. Z. , GOROKHOVA A. E.
Published: September 2018

High importance and great power of Big Data in connection with the lack of common understanding of the term has led to multiple challenges in the field. In order to overcome some of the challenges this study appeals to the Big Data term and presents an overview of approaches to Big Data. Authors argue that volume is the key characteristic of Big Data and suggest making the definition which is clear to a wide audience. This paper determines modern trends of interest for Big Data from different economy participants. It shows that the Big Data term has become mature. The paper proves high steady interest to the topic in science, business, society, government. General research of Big Data passed to research of different Big Data segments by key issues, technologies or applied industries.
Analysis of Innovation Activity of Enterprises in Modern Business Environment
Authors: AKHMETSHIN Elvir , DANCHIKOV Evgeniy , POLYANSKAYA Tatyana , PLASKOVA Nataliya , PRODANOVA Natalia , ZHILTSOV Sergey
Published: September 2018

The article discusses the question of the possibility of the business community to implement mechanisms for the development of its structure. The authors show that in the process of historical transformation are implemented opportunities for market entry and process of improvement activities. The authors show that every company can produce a range of innovative products and its innovative principles transform of striving for improvement in the need to innovate. The subject of research is itself innovative activity of the organization, and the possibility of its integration in market conditions.

The novelty of this study is the assumption that the innovation activity of the enterprise does not depend on the amount of goods produced and the number of shipped innovative products. The main indicator is the amount of revenue from goods that are produced on the basis of a new technological cycle. In the course of the work are analyzed the statistics and formed the algorithmization of actions to increase the share of innovative products

The authors show and this is the basis for further research that the advancement and increase of the share of innovative products determines the possibility of development of a qualitatively new setting and identifies opportunities for technological and, consequently, the social capital of a certain territory.
Zur gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung des voll autonomen Fahrens und seiner möglichen nachhaltigkeitsbezogenen Implikationen
Authors: Hampel Jürgen , Kropp Cordula , Zwick Michael M.
Published: September 2018

Dieser Artikel thematisiert die Nachhaltigkeit des autonomen Fahrens. Die Daten des TechnikRadars, einer für die deutsche Wohnbevolkerung repräsentativen Bevölkerungsumfrage, aktuell zur Digitalisierung, erlauben es, methodisch belastbar Aussagen uber die Wahrnehmung des autonomen Fahrens zu machen. Der Artikel fügt dem bislang vorrangig expertenbasierten Diskurs explizit die Stimme der Öffentlichkeit hinzu. Obwohl das System des autonomen Fahrens noch nicht hinreichend definiert ist, können für die weitere Entwicklung bedeutsame Aspekte aufgezeigt werden: Autonomes Fahren trifft derzeit nicht auf einen gesellschaftlichen Bedarf, die Delegation des Autofahrens an technische Systeme wird nur von einer Minderheit begrüßt. Skepsis finden wir vor allem bei der sozialen Nachhaltigkeit autonomer Mobilitat; insbesondere werden Sicherheitsmängel und die Anfälligkeit des Systems, etwa gegenüber Angriffen von Cyber-Kriminellen, befürchtet.
The method of normative reconstruction as a tool for social criticism
Authors: Byczyński Marcin Jan
Published: September 2018

The main objective of this article is to introduce Axel Honneth’s method of normative reconstruction. The stages of its development will be shown—beginning from the intuitive reconstructions of empirically available social normativity up to the perspective of social criticism. Starting with Honneth’s self-criticism towards his own early methodological assumptions, I will indicate relevant factors that influenced the change in his methodological approach. Finally, I shall explain why the criticism formulated against the current stage of Honneth’s theory is mainly inadequate.
Averroes and the essential reinterpretation of Aristotle’s metaphysics
Authors: Kokoć Damian
Published: September 2018

Question of relation between an essence and an existence was one of major medieval philosophical problems. The first ones who started considerate this issue were Muslim thinkers, especially Avicenna and Averroes. The latter of them was one of the main figure in this debate. Étienne Gilson claims that on ground of Averroes’ thought Aristotle struggles with problem of existence. Averroes claimed that this two components differ only in logical manner. In reality an essence and an existence are identical and an existence is something which flows from essence of being. That is why Averroes did not agree with Avicenna that existence is only a accident of essence, because such claim is contradictory with Aristotle’s theory of being. According to this Greek thinker, all accidents can be described by one of the categories (except a category of substance which is the subject on which other categories are predicated) and an existence is not one of them. For Averroes, Avicenna‘s conception is example of contamination of Aristotle’s  thought by theological components. That is why he tried to purify interpretations of Aristotle’s philosophy from this ideas, foreign to his thought. According to Averroes problem of relation between an essence and an existence is wrongly formulated because when we want explain why the being is, we must only point on it cause and we don’t need to search answer about an existence of being.
Law and values in the theory of law of Józef Nowacki
Authors: Tkacz Sławomir
Published: September 2018

The contents of the paper present the basic assumptions of Józef Nowacki’s theory of law. The author was a proponent of Hans Kelsen’s theory. The characteristic of Józef Nowacki’s views was the conviction that the foundations of the study of the  aw should be their „purity”. It is understood by him as freedom from any ideological assumption. This approach is consistently presented in his works dealing with issues of a specific nature. In the course of deliberations, the problem of the concept of law was discussed, as understood by Józef Nowacki. His works on the issues of the rule of law were also analyzed. Moreover, they presented his critical attention devoted to the jurisdiction of the Polish Constitutional Court. The conclusions highlight the validity of the author’s view that the consideration of the law should be free of any ideological assumptions
Using computerized virtual cases to explore diagnostic error in practicing physicians
Authors: Trowbridge Robert L. , Reilly James B. , Clauser Jerome C. , Durning Steven J.
Published: September 2018

Background

Diagnostic errors are a significant cause of patient harm. Cognitive processes often contribute to diagnostic errors but studying and mitigating the effects of these errors is challenging. Computerized virtual patients may provide insight into the diagnostic process without the potential for patient harm, but the feasibility and utility of using such cases in practicing physicians has not been well described.

Methods

We developed a series of computerized virtual cases depicting common presentations of disease that included contextual factors that could result in diagnostic error. Cases were piloted by practicing physicians in two phases and participant impressions of the case platform and cases were recorded, as was outcome data on physician performance.

Results

Participants noted significant challenges in using the case platform. Participants specifically struggled with becoming familiar with the platform and adjusting to the non-adaptive and constraining processes of the model. Although participants found the cases to be typical presentations of problems commonly encountered in practice, the correct diagnosis was identified in less than 33% of cases.

Conclusions

The development of virtual patient cases for use by practicing physicians requires substantial resources and platforms that account for the non-linear and adaptive nature of reasoning in experienced clinicians. Platforms that are without such characteristics may negatively affect diagnostic performance. The novelty of such platforms may also have the potential to increase cognitive load. Nonetheless, virtual cases may have the potential to be a safe and robust means of studying clinical reasoning performance.
Liability for Means of Mass Transportation in Scandinavia
Authors: Askeland Bjarte
Published: September 2018

The article presents an overview of Norwegian law with regard to damages caused by means of mass transportation by buses, railways and airplanes. The author explains why and how in Norway, as elsewhere in Scandinavia, there is strict liability for damages caused by means of mass transportation. Also the assessment of damages in the mentioned categories is discussed. For personal injuries there are no caps for trains or buses, partly because a greater part of the loss of income is covered by social security benefits, something which is typical of the ‘Nordic model’. Along the same lines, the rules on contributory negligence favour the victim somewhat more than in other parts of Europe, with regard to accidents caused by both buses and trains. Hence the law is all in all rather friendly to the victim. As for damage caused by air traffic, there are tensions between the ‘victim-friendly’ attitude and the relevant EU regulations which make the Montreal Convention applicable to Scandinavian law. These tensions are discussed towards the end of the article. Thus the article highlights and illustrates how the Scandinavian legal culture with the ‘Nordic Model’ as its special hallmark endorses solutions that somewhat contradict the common solutions in continental Europe and in the UK.
It Is Impossible That There Could Have Been Nothing: New Support for Cosmological Arguments for the Existence of God
Authors: Ottesen Søvik Atle
Published: September 2018

Cosmological arguments for the existence of God defend God as a necessary being against (among others) the alternative that the universe came from nothing. “Nothing” is an ambiguous term, but when clarified it can be argued that a strong sense of the term is self-contradictory and thus impossible. This article discusses the arguments Lorenz B. Puntel has put forth in favour of this conclusion. The arguments herein rely on Puntel’s understanding of theoretical frameworks in explanations, which is also discussed. This article finds that there are good arguments against the possibility of nothing in a strong sense of the term, ending by considering this argument’s relevance to cosmological arguments for the existence of God.
A meta-analysis on residential exposure to magnetic fields and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Röösli Martin , Jalilian Hamed
Published: September 2018

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is caused by the gradual degeneration and death of motor neurons, with mostly unknown etiology. Some risk factors have been suggested for this disease including extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) exposure. This meta-analysis assesses the association of residential exposure to ELF-MF with the risk of ALS. Five studies have addressed the risk of ALS in relation to overhead power lines. A pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 1.07] for the most exposed population group (either <200 m distance from high voltage power lines or >0.1 μT) was found. Little heterogeneity (I2=0.00%, p=0.67) and indication for publication bias (PBegg’s test=0.22; PEgger’s test=0.19) was seen. Overall, we found no evidence for an association between residential exposure to ELF-MF and the risk of ALS, although the number of exposed cases is low.
Three-component condensation reaction of various aldehydes, dimedone and malononitrile catalyzed by boric acid in water in comparison with multifunctional ionic liquids as green catalytic systems
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Nik Heidar Ali Alavi , Moosavi-Zare Ahmad Reza , Afshar-Hezarkhani Hadis
Published: September 2018

Triethanol ammonium acetate ([TEAH]+[OAc]−) and triethanol ammonium formate ([TEAH]+[HCOO]−) as multifunctional ionic liquids and catalysts were successfully applied for the preparation of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans by the one-pot three-component condensation reaction of various aldehydes, dimedone and malononitrile under solvent-free conditions. These reactions were also tested using boric acid in water. In this catalytic system, by the reaction of water with boric acid, the hydronium ion caused by water separation can catalyze the reaction.
La publicidad como vendedora de sueños. Una reflexión desde la ética / Advertising as a seller of dreams. A reflection from ethics
Authors: Pellicer Jordá María Teresa
Published: September 2018

La publicidad ya no sólo vende productos, vende mucho más. Vende sueños, valores, modelos de vida y, en definitiva, un universo simbólico asociado a ese producto o servicio anunciado. Lo cierto es que esa venta de cuestiones ‘inmateriales’ provoca una serie de efectos en los consumidores, que muchas veces no ven satisfechos su expectativa tras adquirir el producto o servicio en cuestión. Esto da lugar a una reflexión ética, ya que, ese universo simbólico que promete la publicidad no es reclamable judicialmente ni de ningún otro modo, ya que es una promesa implícita y difícilmente comprobable. Es por esto que en este artículo pretendemos hacer una reflexión sobre esta cuestión y hacer un repaso por los mecanismos a través de los cuáles la publicidad vende esos sueños y modelos de vida. Para ello, haremos una revisión teórica con las reflexiones y pensamientos de distintos autores expertos en publicidad, ética y comunicación.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONCENTRAÇÕES DE NUTRIENTES E METAIS PESADOS NAS PRINCIPAIS MACRÓFITAS AQUÁTICAS DO RESERVATÓRIO DE SANTANA – RJ NO PERÍODO DE TRÊS ANOS
Authors: Pitelli Robinson Antonio , Pitelli R.L.C.M. , Cerveira Filho W.R. , Rocha Rinaldo José Da Silva , Cruz F. , Neto Jorge Jacob
Published: September 2018

As macrófitas aquáticas colonizam o reservatório de Santana desde seu enchimento em 1955 em função da eutrofização da água, especialmente a ingressa pelo Canal de Santa Cecília, bombeada do Rio Paraíba do Sul. A colheita mecânica é o principal método adotado para a retirada destas plantas, visando prevenir interferências no meio ambiente e usos múltiplos da água e do corpo hídrico. Este trabalho foi realizado por três anos com o objetivo da avaliar as composições químicas das principais macrófitas que formam a biomassa retirada pela colheita mecânica e inferir sobre os riscos de sua utilização na recuperação de solos de áreas degradadas. As macrófitas avaliadas foram Salvinia molesta, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Enydra sessilis, Polygonum lapathifolium, Eichhornia azurea, Urochloa subquadripara, Panicum rivulare, Egeria densa e Potamogeton pectinatus. Os padrões de concentrações de nutrientes foram diferentes entre plantas marginais, flutuantes e submersas, houve variação sazonal dentro das espécies, os valores foram compatíveis com a literatura e as concentrações de metais pesados foram abaixo das exigências legais para fertilizantes orgânicos. Os resultados sugerem baixo risco ambiental da utilização direta desta biomassa na recuperação de áreas degradadas.
A EXPERIÊNCIA HISTÓRICA DO ANARQUISMO PERANTE A QUESTÃO DAS RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO: DIMENSÕES DA LUTA NA ARGENTINA E NO BRASIL
Authors: Martins Angela Maria Roberti , Souza Ingrid Souza Ladeira de
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo aborda as concepções libertárias sobre as relações de gênero, colocando em evidência as experiências dos movimentos anarquistas de Argentina e Brasil. Seu propósito é problematizar as temáticas ligadas à sexualidade, as quais seriam indispensáveis na construção de novas subjetividades que apontavam para a necessidade da transformação dos papéis sociais/sexuais de homens e mulheres em benefício de uma ética libertária. Tendo como fonte escritos femininos e masculinos publicados na imprensa anarquista de ambos os países, traça um breve panorama dos debates que envolviam as libertárias e os libertários sobre as questões do amor livre, da livre união, da emancipação feminina, em fins do século XIX e início do século XX. O artigo contribui para os estudos de gênero, apresentando reflexões históricas sobre o posicionamento libertário diante de temas relativos às questões femininas, revelando que muitos desses assuntos permanecem vivos, atravessando os séculos.
ANÁLISE NUMÉRICA E ANALÍTICA DA CARGA NO PROCESSO DE ROLAMENTO
Authors: Oliveira João Pedro Silva , Neo Georgyson Dias , Dos Santos Carlos Eduardo Lima , Dos Santos Bruno Berner , Rodrigues Gustavo Simão
Published: September 2018

The rolling process is of great importance to the industry and the understanding is a fundamental function for its design and use. Currently there are two traditional processes for steel rolling: Hot rolling (from 1300 ⁰C to ⁰700 C) and cold rolling (at room temperature). The process consists in reducing the cross section of a billet by means of compressive forces, applied by rolling rolls, mounted in a rolling mill. In order to control the efforts in the mill, the billet usually passes several times between the rollers, with a thinner thickness each time less. Between each rolling, annealing processes may be applied to recover the ductility of the reduced metal by the scrubbing and pickling to remove the oxide layer formed on the surface. A good calibration of the rolling mill and material is important to avoid rolling defects, generating products with imprecise dimensions and undesirable deformations. Two mathematical models can be presented: Homogeneous Deformation Method and Equilibrium Method. A case study is proposed.  The study consists in calculating the efforts required to laminate a defined steel billet, comparing both analytical formulations to the results obtained by Finite Element Method developed in ABAQUS software. The results of the analytical path are compared with the simulation results. Finally, the difference of the presented results can be explained by the consideration of the increase of the tension for plastic deformation due to the hardening by ABAQUS software.
EFEITO DO CONFINAMENTO EM ESPAÇOS NANOMÉTRICOS NO EQUILIBRIO CETO-ENOLICO DA ACETILACETONA
Authors: Batista Luciano Do Nascimento , Tavares Maria Inês Bruno
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo aborda os efeitos do confinamento molecular em espaços nanométricos. O confinamento molecular pode se dar de diversas maneiras como EM filmes finos de polímeros, moléculas inseridas em micelas, em estruturas de metal organic framework, ou mesmo em estruturas sofisticadas como nanoporos orgânicos, grafeno ou silicatos porosos. Os efeitos do confinamento abrangem a aceleração de reações, aumento de seletividade de reações, alterações de temperatura de fusão de substância ou modificação severa de viscosidade. Neste artigo foi preparado e caracterizado um silicato mesoporoso altamente regular e foi usada a acetilacetona como molécula sonda para analisar o comportamento desta molécula confinada em relação a constante de equilíbrio ceto-enolico. O equilíbrio ceto-enolico é muito relevante para diversas reações químicas como condensações e reações envolvendo cetonas. O equilíbrio ceto enolico foi determinado por ressonância magnética nuclear.  Os resultados mostram que há uma alteração muito significativa no equilíbrio ceto-enolico quando a molécula está confinada em silicatos mesoporos favorecendo o deslocamento de equilíbrio para a forma cetonica de forma acentuada.
AVALIAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE PBH POR RELAXOMETRIA DE CICLO RÁPIDO DE CAMPO
Authors: Silvino Alexandre Carneiro , Cavalcante Maxwell De Paula , Da Silva Emerson Oliveira , Sebastião Pedro José Oliveira , Tavares Maria Inês Bruno
Published: September 2018

Sistemas de poli (3-hidroxi butirato) (PHB) foram analisados por relaxometria de ciclo rápido de campo (Fast-field cycling-FFC), visando entender a homogeneidade dos sistemas em face das interações criadas nestes e consequentemente da dispersão de fases e nanopartículas, propiciando ou não sistemas heterogêneos, porém homogeneamente dispersos. O parâmetro de relaxação determinado foi o spin-rede e a tendência dos valores determinados para os sistemas à base de PHB foram determinantes para a avaliação da homogeneidade destes.
Friends of Rose Canyon
Authors: Wiese Andrew
Published: September 2018

Place-based activism has played a critical role in the history of urban and environmental politics in California. This article explores the continuing significance of environmental place making to grassroots politics through a case study of Friends of Rose Canyon, an environmental group in San Diego. Based in the fast-growing University City neighborhood, Friends of Rose Canyon waged a long, successful campaign between 2002 and 2018 to prevent construction of a bridge in the Rose Canyon Open Space Park in their community. Using historical and participant observer methodologies, this study reveals how twenty-first-century California urbanites claimed and created meaningful local places and mobilized effective politics around them. It illuminates the critical role of individual activists; suggests practical, replicable strategies for community mobilization; and demonstrates the significant impact of local activism at the urban and metropolitan scales.
Blood Pressure Elevation and Risk of Moyamoya Syndrome in Patients With Trisomy 21
Authors: Santoro Jonathan D. , Lee Sarah , Mlynash Michael , Nguyen Thuy , Lazzareschi Daniel V. , Kraler Lironn D. , Mayne Elizabeth W. , Steinberg Gary K.
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk for the development of moyamoya syndrome (MMS); MMS is often recognized only after a resulting stroke has occurred. Our goal with this study was to determine if elevations in blood pressure (BP) precede acute presentation of MMS in individuals with DS.

METHODS:

A single-center, retrospective case-control study was performed. Thirty patients with MMS and DS and 116 patients with DS only were identified retrospectively. Three BP recordings were evaluated at set intervals (18–24 months, 12–18 months, and 6–12 months before diagnosis of MMS). These were then compared against control averages from patients with DS only. To assess changes over the time, we used general linear model repeated measures analysis of variance. To identify independent predictors of MMS and DS, we used a multivariable analysis using generalized estimating equations accounting for repeated measures of BP.

RESULTS:

BP in patients with MMS and DS rose significantly over the 24-month period preceding presentation (34th, 42nd, and 70th percentiles at the 18–24–month, 12–18–month, and 6–12–month periods, respectively). BPs in the patients with both MMS and DS were significantly higher than in the DS-only controls in the 6 to 12 (P < .001) and 12 to 18 months before presentation (P = .016). Higher Suzuki scores, bilateral disease, and posterior circulation involvement were also predictive of BP elevation before presentation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Elevations in BP may foreshadow presentation of MMS in individuals with DS. This simple, low-cost screening measure may lead to early identification of at-risk patients in the medical home and prevent irreversible neurologic injury.
What Is and to What End Does One Study the History of East German Literature?
Authors: Emmerich Wolfgang , Burgoyne Nicole G. , Hamilton Andrew B. B.
Published: September 2018

East german literary history is a case study of how political and cultural institutions interact. the state's cultural regime mo-nopolized the right to publish within its borders and demanded that the nation's new art describe contemporary life or its precedents. Even authors seen in the West as dissidents understood themselves, more often than not, as pursuing that goal and the broader aims of socialism with their work. During the lifespan of the German Democratic Republic, this political albatross weighed on all literary scholarship. Even now, whatever their feelings toward the socialist state, scholars, critics, and readers are bound to approach a text from East Germany as an artifact of its political culture—and rightly, because the political sphere encroached heavily on the artistic. But since German unification, the rise and fall in the stock of so many East German authors has directly resulted from political revelations, raising a number of troubling questions. Though historical distance seemed to have sprung up as abruptly as the Berlin Wall had come down, to what extent does scholarship from the German Democratic Republic represent only a heightened case of what is always true of literary history— namely, that political motivation colors critical evaluation? Is it possible to consider a work of literature with no recourse to the social and political circumstances under which it was written? And would it even be desirable to do so?
Aging with Austen
Authors: Lanser Susan S.
Published: September 2018

In 2015 i received a letter from the mla informing me that since i had now been a member for forty years, i no longer had to pay dues. hat should have been welcome news, but I was horrified. Could I be that old? Had I actually given papers and chaired sessions at some thirty-five annual meetings since 1975, as my hastily consulted curriculum vitae proclaimed? hough rhetorical, the questions prompted a nostalgic encounter with a few nearly forgotten conference talks and a deeper contemplation of the person who delivered them. (How) had my reading and writing altered across the decades in which I moved from graduate student through the tenure ranks to professor emerita? What had it meant to age as a reader? Or, for the purposes of this short meditation, what had it meant to age as a reader of Jane Austen, whose presence threads through my teaching and writing from beginning to not-yet end?
Sedimental Education; or, Reading As We Age
Authors: Rabinowitz Peter J.
Published: September 2018

Discussions of reading as we age are usually tangled up in discussions of rereading, for good reason. recognizing change requires some point of orientation. Yes, there are things we can learn about the impact of aging when we read a new text (we may recognize, for example, that we don't read with the same speed and concentration that we once did). But, for the most part, the effects of the aging process emerge with greater clarity and with more nuance when we have an old reading (or a memory of an old reading) to hold up against our present perceptions. So imagine that you've read a work, on and off, over forty years (an act of imagination that will be easier for some readers than for others). What sorts of differences in your reactions are liable to emerge? here are lots of them, which run along several axes and often conflict.
Learning from Wikipedia
Authors: Perloff Marjorie
Published: September 2018

The jobs of the future require deep understanding of the technologies changing our workplace and our society. That understanding requires experimental and experiential training and the kind of grounded academic thinking that lets big ideas soar. The programs, the faculty, and the universities that understand that challenge will lead us all. (Davidson 132)

For cathy n. davidson, university education is equivalent to job preparation, which is not to say that she is talking about vocational training in the usual sense—the training, say, of medical technicians or park rangers, computer programmers or hotel personnel. On the contrary, her “new education” is designed as broadly as possible to be a replacement of the old liberal arts paradigm. The soaring cost of college education, she argues, will not decrease until public officials can be convinced that four (or even two) years of “university” training “can provide exactly the analytical and cross-cutting interdisciplinary thinking and communication skills that are most in demand in a complex workplace” (185). Goodbye, accordingly, to the traditional curriculum that has been in force for over a hundred years, goodbye to “passive, hierarchical models of teaching and learning” (103), to individual majors (and minors) like English, history, economics, or chemistry, with their lecture courses and discussion sessions, their final exams and pop quizzes, and welcome to the new world of “student-centered,” “project-based” “learning,” to the classroom “where students learn how to learn” (263).
Sanger sequencing protocol - BRCA1/2 mutations are not a common cause of malignant melanoma in the Polishpopulation v1
Authors: J Scott Rodney , Górski Bohdan , Masojć Bartłomiej , Kram Andrzej , Maleszka Romuald , Cybulski Cezary , Paszkowska-Szczur Katarzyna , Kashyap Aniruddh , Murawa Dawid , Malińska Karolina , Kiedrowicz Magdalena , Rogoża-Janiszewska Emilia , Rudnicka Helena , Deptuła Jakub , Domagała Paweł , Kluźniak Wojciech , R. Lener Marcin , Lubiński Jan
Published: September 2018

In the study we have used a standard Thermo Fisher Scientific Sanger sequencing protocol which can be found under this link: http://www.ramaciotti.unsw.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/sequencing_handbook_FLR.pdf
Endopredict test v1
Authors: Lemonnier Jerome
Published: September 2018

the EPclin score, a RNA based multigene signature associated to clinico-pathological data (surgical nodal status and tumor size), was developed to predict the likelihood of distant recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor-positive Her2-negative fully operated breast cancer. EndoPredict® is based on the analysis of the mRNA expression of 8 tumour genes (+ 3 housekeeping genes), identified as particularly relevant for disease progression, in combination with the classical prognostic factors of nodal status and tumour size. By means of the reverse transcription and polymerase chain reactions, EndoPredict® determines the activity of 8 genes in the tumour cells using a mathematical formula. This includes genes that are associated with cell division or hormone receptor pathways, and reference and normalization genes. The molecular EndoPredict® score (EP score) is calculated on a scale of 0 to 15: - the values less than five correspond to the low-risk group - the values of five or more assign the patient to the high-risk group. The EP score has been shown to provide additional prognostic information beyond that obtained by all classical clinical and pathological parameters. It has the ability to identify a low risk group with less 5% risk of distant metastatic relapse risk at 10 years. On the opposite, the EP score identifies a high-risk group whose 10 years’ DFS is only around 60-80% according to nodal status