bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Depolymerization of Kappa Carrageenan Using Peracetic Acid
Authors: Sandria Nofri , Uju Uju , Suptijah Pipih
Published: January 2018

Kappa carrageenan is a galactose polysaccharide which is easily hydrolyzed on acidic and stable on
alkaline solution. Kappa carrageenan is widely used in food industries, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics as
thickening, stabilizing, and gelling agents. Peracetic acid (PAA) with the empirical formula CH3COOOH
is strong oxidizing agent as a selective agent of delignification. The aims of this study were to determine
the effect of peracetic acid concentration on the characteristics of depolymerization kappa carrageenan
such as, yield, total solubility, viscosity, molecular weight, microstructure, and its functional groups. The
result of this research showed that kappa carrageenan depolymerization had yield 32.78-98.11%, total
solubility 23.83-96.68%, viscosity 1.01-26.59 cP, and molecular weight 5.89-199.31 kDa. The higher of PAA
concentration used, the less yield, the increased solubility, lower viscosity, and smaller molecular weights.
Depolymerization treatment using 2% PAA caused changes to the microstructure and the function group
kappa carrageenan depolymerization.
Kullanımlar ve Doyumlar Bağlamında Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Kullanımı: Instagram Örneği
Authors: Yayla Hatice Mine
Published: January 2018

Kullanımlar ve Doyumlar yaklaşımının ana konusunu insanların
kitle iletişim araçlarıyla ne yaptığı sorusu oluşturmaktadır. Başlangıçta
gazete, televizyon ve radyo gibi geleneksel kitle iletişim araçlarını
insanların, ne amaçla kullandığı ve hangi ihtiyaçlarını doyuma ulaştırdığı
araştırılmıştır. Günümüzde internetin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte bireylerin
internet ve internetin en çok kullanılan ortamı olan sosyal medyayı kullanarak
hangi gereksinimlerini doyuma ulaştırdığı konusu üzerinde çalışılmaktadır.

Dünyada 600 milyon, ülkemizde ise 22 milyonun üzerinde
kullanıcıya sahip olan Instagram sosyal ve kültürel bir fenomene dönüşmektedir.
Bu çalışma, Kullanımlar ve Doyumlar yaklaşımı çerçevesinde Dokuz Eylül
Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi öğrencilerinin Instagram kullanım
alışkanlıklarını ampirik verilerle ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu doğrultuda.
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesinde öğrenim gören ve Instagram
kullanan 151 öğrenci ile anket yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışma, katılımcıları
Instagram kullanmaya yönelten motivasyonların neler olduğu, bu motivasyonlarla
katılımcıların sosyal medya ve Instagram kullanım süresi, ayrıca katılımcıların
demografik özellikleri ile Instagram kullanma nedenleri arasında farklılığın
olup olmadığını tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre
katılımcıların, Instagram kullanımında 9 faktörün etkili olduğu ortaya
çıkmıştır.
Intestinal inflammation markers in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Alomair Abdullatif , Alswayeh Ayman , Alhazmi Abrar , Alshammari Abdullah , Alsaffar Salma , Falamarzi Abrar , Alothman Moath , Rayes Lujain , Alkhathami Mohammed , Alhamidah Ali
Published: January 2018

During the past few decades, extensive researches were conducted to identify serological markers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can reliably diagnose and monitor disease activity and help in predicting relapses. To date, several serological markers have been identified. This review will address the different serological markers and their clinical significance and applicability in medical practice. Serological markers include antibodies against microbial antigens, peptide antigens, autoantibodies, and basic inflammatory markers. Some serological markers such as anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and antibodies against exocrine pancreas (PAB) help the confirmation of the diagnosis of IBD to differentiate it from other non-IBD. Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) and ASCA can distinguish Chron’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Certain markers can aid stratification of Chron’s disease including antibodies to Pseudomonas fluorescens associated sequence I2 (Anti-I2), antibodies to bacterial flagellin (Anti-CBir1), ASCA, and antibodies to outer membrane porin C (Anti-OmpC). ASCA and pANCA can predict disease response to therapeutic agents (e.g. Infliximab). ASCA can also unaffected family members at risk of developing Chron’s disease.
İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ MÜZAKERELERİ: TÜRKİYE’NİN PARİS ANLAŞMASI’NI İMZA SÜRECİ
Authors: KÖSE İsmail
Published: January 2018

İnsanlık tarihi döngüsü içinde
değerlendirildiğinde, küresel ısınma ve ısı artışının doğal sonucu iklim
değişikliği olgusuna neden olan fosil yakıt kapitalizminin, sanayi devrimiyle
hızlandırılan çok kısa bir sürece denk geldiği görülür. Tarih döngüsünde dar
bir zaman dilimi olsa da fosil yakıt kullanımı karbon emisyonunu artırarak
küresel ısınmaya neden olabilecek kadar ciddi bir tehdittir. Bu durumun sebep-sonuç
ilişkisi içerisinde iklim dengelerini bozarak çevre üzerinde bıraktığı olumsuz
etki oldukça büyüktür. Türkiye, coğrafi konumuyla küresel ısınmanın sebebiyet
verebileceği olası olumsuz etkilerden hem sosyo-ekonomik hem de siyasal olarak
etkilenme riski altındadır. Son elli yılda, küresel ısınmayı engellemeye
yönelik çok sayıda teşebbüste bulunulmuştur. Bu bağlamda Paris’te varılan
uzlaşı geleceğe yönelik ümitleri artırıcı niteliktedir.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DA PISCICULTURA NO ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA: DESENVOLVIMENTO E FATORES LIMITANTES
Authors: Meante Raica Esteves Xavier , Dória Carolina Rodrigues da Costa
Published: January 2018

A piscicultura de Rondônia apresenta-se com a maior produção de espécies nativas do país. O sucesso dessa atividade se deve ao clima favorável, a abundância de água disponível para o cultivo e espécies nativas com características adequadas para a produção em cativeiro. O objetivo da pesquisafoi caracterizar a cadeia produtiva da piscicultura praticada no estado de Rondônia, visando identificar os fatores críticos que dificultam o seu desenvolvimento. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando a metodologia de levantamento de dados secundários, análise documental e a realização de entrevistas com questionários semi-estruturados com 34 piscicultores. Os dados comprovaram que o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) é a espécie mais cultivada no estado seguida do pirarucu (Arapaima gigas). O sistema de produção utilizado pelos produtores é o semi-intensivo com produção média de 7,8 t ha-1. Cerca de 84% dos empreendimento possuem menos de 5 hectares de lâmina d’água, caracterizando a atividade como familiar. Os piscicultores entrevistados consideraram o preço da ração como sendo o principal fator limitante da piscicultura no estado. A partir da pesquisa realizada pode se concluir que a piscicultura no estado de Rondônia tem como elos fracos da cadeia produtiva a industrialização, distribuição e comercialização da produção. O sistema de produção utilizado apresenta alta dependência de rações o que implica nas maiores dificuldades dos produtores o alto preço das rações e dificuldade de comercialização da produção. Novos estudos deverão contemplar as transações comerciais entre os elos da cadeia produtiva visando maior competitividade. Assim como avaliar a sustentabilidade da atividade determinando os possíveis impactos ambientais gerados pela intensificação da produção e maiores estudos sobre os recursos hídricos, considerando as bacias hidrográficas do estado para a realização de um zoneamento aquícola. Os dados apresentados podem servir para subsidiar setores públicos e privados em suas ações estratégicas no sentido de melhorar ações e processos produtivos como um todo.
The Role of Environmental Management Concept in the Supply Chain
Authors: Urbaniak Maciej
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this article is to define the role of environmental management in the implementation of the concept of a Green Sustainable Supply Chain. Widespread interest in the implementation of this concept determines the environmental activities which are undertaken by companies. For this reason, more and more organizations are interested in the introduction of an environmental management system (based on the requirements of the ISO 14000 family of standards). The involvement of companies in the implementation of the concept of sustainable development is also reflected in the propagation of this idea among business partners in the supply chain. Undertaking activities mitigating the negative impact on the environment is considered by many organizations an important criterion in the initial and periodic assessment of suppliers. Many companies, while working on developing of a strong and positive brand image among their customers, use environmental labels when promoting their products. In recent years, more and more companies implement the material flow cost accounting concept which takes into consideration the relationships in the supply chain.
Role of soluble silica in alleviating oxidative stress in soybean crop
Authors: Rangwala T. , Bafna A. , Vyas N. , Gupta R.
Published: January 2018

Sudden changes in environment causes abiotic and biotic stress due to which farmers are facing problem of decreased yield. The present study was designed to improve yield by alleviating oxidative stress in crops. Silicon is gaining importance in promoting growth and yield of plants. Soluble silica in the form of AgriboosterTM was sprayed on test field of soybean during cultivation. Proline content was found to be decreased significantly in soybean sprayed with soluble silica. Significantly decreased malondialdehyde content was observed in soybean which indicates beneficial role of silica in preventing lipid peroxidation. Soluble silica increased peroxidase activity by increasing water availability and total phenol content was also found to be increased significantly in soybean. So from the present study it can be concluded that silica when applied on crops in soluble form prevent oxidative stress caused due to various environmental factors which may help in better quality product and yield.
Sources of growth to Indian groundnut: A state-wise decomposition analysis
Authors: Meena Murlidhar , Khunt K. A. , Husen Khorajia
Published: January 2018

The sources of growth has direct connotation with agricultural development policies. Growth from area expansion and price is unsustainable,where as if it comes from yield enhancement is sustainable over a long run. This paper has analysed the patterns and sources of growth to groundnut production in India from 1985-86 to 2014-15. Increase in value of groundnut produce was measured during 1985-86 and 94-95 as result of technology mission on oilseeds launched during mid-80s. Decrease in VOP during 1995-96 and 2004-05 may be because of adverse effect of trade liberalisation in this period. Restoration took place in last ten years from 2005-06 to 2014-15,where groundnut VOP increased in the country and all the major states except Maharashtra. The largest source of the growth to Indian groundnut in study period was yield followed by price (7.53%) and area effect (0.97%). Yield contributed fifteen per cent of total growth in the country and to the maximum of 55 per cent in Tamil Nadu. Diversification effect was measured negative at the country as well as at major states in post-WTO periods indicated the drifting away of groundnut acreage to the other crops, is needed to be taken care by appropriate policy measures at central and state levels.
Kinetika Adsorpsi Cangkang Telur pada Zat Warna Metilen Blue
Authors: Badriyah Lailatul , Putri Mardiana Prasetyani
Published: January 2018

The analyze of reaction kinetic adsorption of methylene blue by egg shell was studied. Methylene Blue was one of the dye which used in industry applied. It was an organic compound that dangerous if it throw away in the river without prepraration yet. As a consequence would be object that could interfere biota aquatic. So, it need a treatment in liquid dye waste, that could reduce degree of dye. One of the treatment was adsorption. Egg shell shyntesized were analyzed by using FTIR. It was done to know some function groups that in. The reaction kinetic experiment was done to count in adsorption dye process, especially in the wastewater from textile industry. Dyes adsorption by using egg shell has equilibrium time at the 70 minutes after adsorption process. After that, the process has not a different significantly. The experiment data were fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Both of the adsorption isoterm, the R2 value of Langmuir isotherm model was the highest, 0,9986. Having a As coeficient 0,3589 and Kb 0,7962. The adsorption kinetics of Methylene Blue on egg shell could be described by a pseudo second order model, with the regresion, R2 0,9979.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Hidroksiapatit dari Limbah Tulang Hewan
Authors: Amalia Vina , Hadisantoso Eko Prabowo , Hidayat Dede , Diba Riska Farah , Dermawan Muhamad Fahmi , Tsaniyah Siti Wilamah
Published: January 2018

Tulang vertebrata mengandung 60% kalsium fosfat. yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar hidroksiapatit. Hidroksiapatit merupakan material biokeramik yang memiliki sifat adsorpsi yang baik sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi hidroksiapatit dari beberapa limbah tulang, yaitu tulang sapi, kambing, gurame, dan tongkol. Hidroksiapatit dari limbah  tulang sapi dan kambing diisolasi dengan cara kalsinasi pada suhu 1000°C dan diaktivasi menggunakan Na2CO3. Isolasi hidroksiapatit dari limbah tulang gurame dan tulang tongkol tidak dilakukan kalsinasi hanya digunakan hidrolisis menggunakan NaOH. Karakterisasi menggunakan XRD menunjukkan bahwa telah terbentuk hidroksiapatit kristalin dari hasil isolasi tulang sapi dan kambing, dan terbentuk hidroksiapatit amorf dari hasil isolasi tulang gurame dan tongkol. Perbandingan Ca/P hidroksiapatit hasil isolasi dari tulang sapi, kambing, gurame, dan tongkol, masing-masing adalah 1,71; 1,79; 1,97 dan 1,86. Spektra IR hidroksiapatit menunjukkan adanya gugus –OH, PO43-, dan CO32-. Morfologi permukaan hidroksiapatit hasil isolasi berpori dengan ukuran partikel 1-2 µm.
Penerapan Program Matrikulasi Biologi Umum Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Tahun 2016/2017 [On The Implementation of General Biology Matriculation Program Faculty of Education In 2016/2017]
Authors: Sahetapy Meilane
Published: January 2018

Matriculation is an adjustment program intended to accelerate the adaptive ability of students’ academic and non-academic skills at the beginning of study at a university. The university is authorized to design and create its own forms of matriculation programs in accordance with the ability of university and the conditions of prospective students who have been accepted. The purpose of the Matriculation Program in the Biology Education Study Program is to help students to better understand foundational knowledge, especially in general Biology. This study was an evaluative research, and data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The total sample was 48 students. The results show that matriculation is important for participants with diverse educational backgrounds. The result of this study should be developed by evaluating suggestions and inputs for the development of matriculation activities in the next academic year.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Matrikulasi adalah program penyesuaian yang dimaksudkan untuk mempercepat kemampuan adaptasi akademik maupun non-akademik mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi yang bersangkutan. Perguruan Tinggi pelaksana diberi kewenangan untuk merancang dan mengkreasi sendiri bentuk program matrikulasi sesuai dengan kemampuan perguruan tinggi dan kondisi calon mahasiswa yang diterima.  Tujuan Program matrikulasi pada. Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi adalah agar mahasiswa lebih memahami pengetahuan dasar khususnya pada mata kuliah Biologi Umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian evaluatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner dan wawancara. Jumlah sampel 48 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa matrikulasi penting bagi peserta dengan latar belakang pendidikan yang beragam. Hasil penelitian ini perlu dikembangkan dengan mengevaluasi saran dan masukan untuk pengembangan kegiatan matrikulasi pada tahun akademik berikutnya.
Pendampingan Orang Tua pada Anak Usia Dini dalam Penggunaan Teknologi Digital [Parent Mentoring of Young Children in the Use of Digital Technology]
Authors: Alia Tesa , Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: January 2018

Technological advances have a significant influence on people's lives including within families. It is undeniable that the current technological advances mainly based on internet services have had both positive and negative impacts on the growth of children in the family. Children born after the 1980’s are a living generation who grew up with information technology and diverse online social applications. Electronic gadgets such as smartphones, laptops, computers, tablets, and so forth have made it easy for children to access the Internet almost anywhere and anytime. Parents play an important role in the development of early childhood communication, especially for children under the age of five. One of the efforts of parents in providing education for children in the family in the digital era is by providing assistance in the use of technology for children. Through mentoring, parents can supervise children and direct positive content for children to use technological advancements appropriately in accordance with the child's growth and development.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Kemajuan teknologi memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kehidupan masyarakat termasuk dalam ruang lingkup keluarga. Tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa kemajuan teknologi saat ini terutama berbasis layanan internet memberikan dampak positif dan juga dampak negatif bagi tumbuh kembang anak dalam keluarga. Anak-anak yang lahir setelah era tahun 1980-an merupakan generasi yang hidup di tengah majunya teknologi informasi dan beragam aplikasi sosial dimulai secara daring (online). Melalui gadget seperti smartphone, laptop, komputer, tablet, dan lain sebagainya memberikan kemudahan bagi anak untuk mengakses jaringan internet di mana pun dan kapan pun. Orang tua berperan penting dalam perkembangan komunikasi anak usia dini, khususnya anak di bawah usia lima tahun. Salah satu upaya orang tua dalam memberikan pendidikan bagi anak dalam keluarga di era digital seperti sekarang adalah dengan memberikan pendampingan dalam penggunaan teknologi bagi anak. Melalui pendampingan tersebut, orang tua dapat mengawasi anak dan mengarahkan konten-konten positif bagi anak untuk menggunakan kemajuan teknologi secara tepat  sesuai dengan masa tumbuh kembang anak. 
Ortaca Yöresi Sera Domatesi Bitkisinin (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Beslenme Durumunun Belirlenmesi
Authors: TUNA Atilla Levent , ALTUNAY İsmail
Published: January 2018

 

Bu çalışmada Muğla-Ortaca ilçesindeki 10

domates serasından alınan yaprak ve toprak örneklerinde N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn

ve Mn besin elementleriyle, toprakta pH, EC (tuz), CaCO3 ve organik

madde kapsamları tespit edilmiştir. Bu sayede yöre seralarının besin maddesi

kapsamları ile olası beslenme problemlerinin tespiti ve dengeli gübrelemeye

yönelik çözüm önerileri amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre; sera

toprakları genellikle alkali, tuz yönünden problemsiz, organik madde kapsamı

yetersiz veya orta, CaCO3 kapsamı ise orta veya yüksek seviyede

bulunmuştur. Toprak örneklerinde, toplam N fakir ve çok iyi düzey arasında

değişken, P, K ve Ca yeterli, Fe genellikle yetersiz iken, Cu, Mn ve Zn

kapsamları da yeterli düzeyde bulunmuştur. Yaprak örneklerinde ise yalnız K

kapsamları yetersiz bulunurken, diğer besin elementleri yeterli veya yüksek

düzeyde bulunmuştur.
Hayvancılık Sektöründe Uygulanan Politikaların Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerine Etkisi Üzerine Üretici Görüşlerinin Saptanması: İzmir İli Örneği
Authors: UZMAY Ayşe
Published: January 2018

 

Hayvancılık  sektöründe uygulanan politikaların etkileri özellikle büyükbaş faaliyet alanında

üretim periyodunun uzun olması nedeniyle ayrı önem taşımaktadır. Bu

araştırmanın üç ana amacı bulunmaktadır. İlki son dönemde uygulanan destekleme

politikalarının süt sığırcılığı işletmeleri üzerinde yarattığı etkilerin

üretici görüşleri dikkate alınarak ortaya konması, ikincisi üreticilerin

uygulanan politikalardan genel olarak memnuniyet durumunun belirlenmesi,

üçüncüsü ise, işletme ve üreticiye yönelik hangi faktörlerin memnuniyet

durumunda etkili olduğunun ortaya konmasıdır. Araştırma İzmir ilinde yürütülmüş

95 üretici ile yüz yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Üreticilerin politikalardan

memnuniyet durumu tespit edilirken, multinomial logit regresyon modelinden

yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda üreticilerin öncelikle ithalat

politikalarından olumsuz etkilendiği, genel olarak yeni yatırım planları

olmadığı, kredi kullanımlarının arttığı, ancak desteklemeler olmasa da genelde

süt sığırcılığına devam edecekleri belirlenen sonuçlar arasındadır. Destekleme

politikalarından memnun olanlarla olmayanların oranı eşitken, multinomial logit

regresyon sonucuna göre,  işletmecinin

aile birey sayısı, toplam gelir içinde süt sığırcılığının payı, işletmecinin

yeni yatırım planlayıp/planlamama durumu, 

işletme ölçeği (sağmal sayısı), işletmecinin tarım programlarını TV ve

radyodan takip etmesinin destekleme politikasına yönelik görüşlerde etkili

olduğu dikkati çekmektedir.
Agradecimento aos Revisores da Acta Médica Portuguesa
Authors: Guimarães Miguel , Villanueva Tiago
Published: January 2018

- / -
Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Combined Treatment with Dermal Template, Skin Graft and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy, a Case Study
Authors: Ribeiro Luís Mata , Guerra Ana Silva
Published: January 2018

Hidrosadenitis supurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease with great physical and psychological impact. Although conservative treatments may be effective in mild forms of the disease, extensive surgical resection and reconstruction are necessary in more severe forms of the disease. The purpose of this paper is to describe our two-stage reconstructive procedure regarding this kind of disease. We present a clinical case of a patient with severe, bilateral axillary hidrosadenitis. In the first surgical step we excised the lesions and applied the artificial dermis secured with negative pressure wound therapy. In the second step we used a split thickness skin graft to close the wound and again applied negative pressure wound therapy. The graft take was very good, without complications. The cosmetic outcome is acceptable and shoulder mobility was not compromised. No recurrence was detected (nine months follow up).
Risk Factors for the Development of Postembolization Syndrome after Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment
Authors: Lima Mariana , Dutra Sofia , Gomes Filipe Veloso , Bilhim Tiago , Coimbra Élia
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Hepatic transarterial chemoembolization is a widely used technique for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The most common complication of this procedure is postembolization syndrome. The main objective of this study was to assess risk factors for the development of postembolization syndrome.Material and Methods: Single-centre retrospective analysis of 563 hepatic transarterial chemoembolization procedures from January 1st, 2014 – December 31st, 2015. Hepatic transarterial chemoembolization was performed with ½ - 2 vials of 100 - 300 μm microspheres loaded with doxorubicin. Patients who experienced postembolization syndrome were identified based on prolongation of hospitalization due to pain, fever, nausea and/or vomiting. A control group with the patients who did not have postembolization syndrome was randomly created (three controls for one case). Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed.Results: The overall prevalence of postembolization syndrome was 6.2%. Hepatic transarterial chemoembolization with doxorubicin dosage above 75 mg (more than one vial), the size of the largest nodule and female gender had statistically significant relation with development of postembolization syndrome (p = 0.030, p = 0.046 and p = 0.037, respectively). Discussion: Doxorrubicin dosage above 75 mg is associated with a higher risk of postembolization syndrome. This result can be helpful for decision-making in clinical practice, whenever it is possible to avoid a higher dose without compromising the efficacy of the treatment. The size of the largest nodule and female gender also constitute risk factors for postembolization syndrome. The other variables studied were not related to the development of postembolization syndrome.Conclusion: The dose of doxorrubicin, the size of the largest nodule treated and female gender are potential risk factors for the development of postembolization syndrome after hepatic transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Congenital Hip Dislocation: A Rare Case in Adulthood
Authors: Ferreira Natália , Abreu Marcelo , Abreu Armando
Published: January 2018

- / -
Delirium: O 7º Parâmetro Vital?
Authors: Prayce Rita , Quaresma Filipa , Neto Isabel Galriça
Published: January 2018

Introdução: O delirium é uma síndrome neuropsiquiátrica transitória e flutuante com início súbito frequente nos doentes internados, em particular na população geriátrica e paliativa. Material e Métodos: Através de uma breve revisão da literatura, os autores propuseram-se a sistematizar a definição, fisiopatologia e etiologia do delirium, principais ferramentas para o seu diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento, bem como o seu impacto socio-económico.Resultados e Discussão: O delirium é uma entidade pouco reconhecida pelos profissionais de saúde, que se associa a maior morbi-mortalidade e custos, interfere com a avaliação e abordagem da dor e de outros sintomas e acarreta elevado distress nos doentes, famílias e profissionais de saúde. O melhor tratamento do delirium é a prevenção, que se baseia em intervenções multidisciplinares sob os principais fatores de risco para o seu desenvolvimento. A evidência científica para o tratamento do delirium existe, mas é escassa, sendo a terapêutica preferencial a não farmacológica, com implementação de estratégias ambientais, comportamentais e sociais. O tratamento farmacológico é de segunda linha e deverá ser instituído de forma a prevenir que o doente se coloque em risco, nomeadamente através do uso de antipsicóticos.Conclusão: O reconhecimento e prevenção do delirium são essenciais, pelo que é fundamental a educação e formação dos profissionais de saúde, bem como o acompanhamento e apoio aos familiares. É por todo o impacto que tem nos serviços de saúde, nos profissionais e, sobretudo, nos doentes e seus familiares, que sugerimos maior atenção ao delirium e, porque não, passar a considerá-lo como o 7º sinal vital.
Neutralidade de rede: mudanças na infraestrutura da internet e como isso influencia na sua vida
Authors: Parentoni Leonardo Netto
Published: January 2018

Este texto aborda a neutralidade de rede. Inicia contextualizando como a internet surgiu, seus propósitos, os princípios utilizados no seu design e como era sua arquitetura originária. Na sequência, descreve algumas das principais mudanças pelas quais vem passando, nos últimos anos, com destaque para o monitoramento e controle dos pacotes de dados, viabilizando o tratamento discriminatório entre eles. Explica-se como essas mudanças afetam bilhões de pessoas, mundialmente. Por fim, aborda-se a neutralidade de rede como principal resposta regulatória a essas mudanças, a fim de preservar o potencial inovador e o compartilhamento de conteúdo típicos da internet. Frisa-se que essa neutralidade decorre dos próprios princípios utilizados no design original da internet, devendo ser interpretada em sintonia com eles, a fim de compatibilizar, de um lado, a livre concorrência, as estratégias empresariais e suas vantagens competitivas; e, de outro, a privacidade, a liberdade de expressão, a inovação e a autonomia dos usuários.
Antimicrobial Activities of Bacteriocin-Like Extracellular Metabolites Produced by Soil Bacteria
Authors: Adedire O. M.  , Odeniyi O. A.
Published: January 2018

In an attempt to competitively inhibit other organisms within the same environment, microbial cells produce a wide range of bioactive bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like extracellular metabolites (BLEM). Bacterial species (Bacillus and Pseudomonas) were isolated from soil samples, screened for BLEM production and the crude activity of cell free metabolites determined by agar diffusion assay. Partial purification of metabolites was achieved by protein precipitation with ammonium sulfate and BLEM sensitivities to temperature, pH, surfactant and ultraviolet radiation along with the mode of action of partially purified BLEM on indicator strains and other pathogens were characterized. Bacillus subtilis SF8 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SF4 produced BLEM inhibitory to closely related strains with partially purified activity units of 768 and 2048AU/mL respectively. BLEMs retained large percentages of their inhibitory activities over a wide range of temperature and pH, 71%, 92% and 80% activity was retained by BLEM from B. subtilis SF8 while 91%, 81% and 89% activity was retained by BLEM from P. aeruginosa SF4 after 60 minutes of BLEM pre-incubation at 900C, pH 4 and 10, respectively. Ultraviolet radiation enhanced BLEM production in P. aeruginosa SF4 but not in B. subtilis SF8. Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that BLEMs from both B. subtilis SF8 and P. aeruginosa SF4 interfered with cell membrane components of B. macerans SF2 and P. fluorescence BS2 respectively. The BLEM also had a broad inhibitory range on test bacterial and fungal pathogens.
Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and Traditional Uses of Aegle marmelos
Authors: Yogita Choudhary  , Abhishek Saxena  , Yatendra Kumar  , Sagar Kumar  , Vijay Pratap
Published: January 2018

Since ancient times, plants are used as source of medicine. Aegle marmelos is a pharmacologically varied medicinal plant. The various parts of Aegle marmelos, precisely fruit, have an immense range of medicinal uses in folk medicine and used for the healing of different disease. The numerous phytochemical constituents of this plant have been exposed namely, marmeline, Agelin, aegelenine, marmeline, dictamine, fragrine, inulin, proteins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids. Researchers reported pharmacological potential of various parts such as fruits, leaves, and stems of Aegle marmelos as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective etc. We performed PUBMED, EMBASE, Google scholar searches for medicinal values along with other uses of Aegle marmelos. In present review, comprehensive study focused on knowledge regarding several traditional, chemical and pharmacological activities of Aegle marmelos has been described.
Comparative Studies on the Mineral Elemental Composition of Gamma Irradiated Smoked Shrimps (Penaeus notialis) from 3 Different Water Sources in Ghana
Authors: Felicia Akuamoa  , George Tawia Odamtten  , Nii Korley Kortei  , Akwasi Akomea  Agyekum
Published: January 2018

Dry and smoked shrimp constitute an important nutrient supplement for the populace in Ghana. Shrimp continues to represent one of the safest forms of muscle protein consumed in the world. Despite this safety record, shrimp have a high tolerance to toxins in polluted areas. The effect of irradiation on the nutrient and mineral elements including heavy metals were examined after storage for 4 months in dense polyethylene bowls. Elemental composition was estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The Flame Photometer (FP) was used in the determination of Sodium and Potassium. There were clear differences in the concentration of heavy metals, and macro nutrients (Mg, K, Na, Zn) due to influence of the type of water body they dwelled in. Irradiation had some or no effect on the concentration of these listed elemental and components, but there were interactions between sources of shrimp, storage time and irradiation dose in some instances. Multivariate analysis of elemental composition showed that, accumulation of Fe, Cu, Zn, and N was generally attended by uptake of Pb, Cr, Na, and K. The order of elemental concentration (in decreasing order) was: Fe > Cu > Zn > N > Mn >Pb> Cr >Na > K > Ni > Cd.
Management of Diabetes and Complication: Herbal Therapies
Authors: Triveni Kanwar  , Amit Roy  , Pushpa Prasad
Published: January 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a universal metabolic disease characterized by means of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyper aminoacidemia and hypoinsulinaemia. It leads to diminish in insulin, secretion and insulin action. Insulin is natural hormone secreted commencing the β‐ cells of pancreas which help out the cells to uptake glucose molecules from the blood flow. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease related by selective damage of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. There are lots of multiple agents obtainable to control and to care for diabetic patients, although total recovery from diabetes has not been reported up to this time. Alternative in the direction of these synthetic agents, plants and nutrients supply a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs and are extensively used in some traditional systems of medicine toward prevent diabetes. Conventional systems of medicines with the perspectives of protection, efficiency, and quality will controls.
Evaluation of Calcium Concentration of Medicinal Plants Incorporating in Dashmool by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Yogita Choudhary  , Abhishek Saxena  , Yatendra Kumar  , Sagar Kumar  , Vijay Pratap
Published: January 2018

Ayurveda is one of the traditional medicinal systems of Indian. The philosophy behind Ayurveda is preventing unnecessary suffering and living a long healthy life. Dashmool is Ayurvedic preparation containing various parts of ten medicinal plants. The medicinal plants used in Dashmool are collected from different parts of India and variation in elemental concentration has been observed. The present study was aimed to determine the level of Calcium of Aegle marmelos (root), Clerodendrum phlomidis (root), Desmodium gangeticum (root), Stereospermum suavaveolens (Stem bark), Oroxylum indicum (Stem bark), Gmelina arborea (stem bark), Solanum xanthocarpum (root), Solanum indicum (stem bark), Tribulus terrestris (root) and Uraria picta (leaves) used for the formulation of Dashmool by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The findings demonstrated that the concentration of Calcium in selected medicinal plants was under the prescribed limits. Such information could be helpful in standardization of Dashmool and imparts better therapeutic efficacy.
Evaluation of Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Tridax procumbens Extract
Authors: Pooja Singh  , Kirti Jain  , Swati Khare  , Padma Shrivastav
Published: January 2018

Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse disease states. The polyphenol and flavonoids are used for the treatment of various diseases triggered by oxidative stress. Tridax procumbens have been used as indigenous medicine for a variety of ailments. In the present study, it was planned to investigate the phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant activity of the ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of Tridax procumbens leaves. The ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of Tridax procumbens leaves were prepared and performed its phytochemical analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity namely DPPH, total polyphenol content, total flavonol content and reducing power assay were performed. The qualitative chemical test exhibited the presence of alkaloids, polyphenol, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponin and glycoside in ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of Tridax procumbens. The findings of in vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated that ethanol extracts expressed higher antioxidant activity compared to methanol and aqueous extract. These results are an indication of antioxidant potential of the extracts and may be responsible for some of the therapeutic uses of Tridax procumbens.
SOLUSI PENGEMBANGAN UMKM MELALUI ONTOLOGI
Authors: Susanto Irwan
Published: January 2018

SMEs proved as the most contributor (92.71%) to the Indonesian employment. Ironically SMEs have many problems. Several attempts were employed, but they were unsucceessful. This article reached the problem solution through onthological philosophy as the novelty. Through descriptive analysis, SMEs were viewed from four dimensions (quantity, autonomy-correlation, dynamic of the process, meaning-value). The result of the study of onthology that described the reality of SMEs Indonesian context is the con-cept of businesses activities which cannot stand alone. It must correlate with the govern-ment and the environment and society and proceed dynamically to adjust to the environ-ment that is formed from the value of the nation's character (togetherness, brotherhood, mutual cooperation). The implications of onthology are the concept of SME development that should be based on the character of SMEs. SMEs still need protection and proactive support on both micro-businesses and macro-businesses aspect of SMEs, by all stake-holders such as government, business associations, universities. To make SMEs grow, it needs government’s integrated policies that can encourage the development of SMEs.
ANALISIS PENGARUH MODAL SENDIRI, MODAL LUAR, VOLUME USAHA, DAN TINGKAT PERPUTARAN PIUTANG TERHADAP SISA HASIL USAHA
Authors: Putri Gaviota Gilda , Sunarko Bambang , Widuri Retno
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this research was to describe the development of cooperatives, to investigate the influence of own capital, loan capital, bussines volume, and receivable turn over on added value of cooperatives. The samples of this research were financial statements in Sejati Mulia business cooperatives, Ceger Jaya busiess cooperatives, and Tunas Jaya business cooperatives from 2004-2014. The method of this research was purposive sampling. The technique of data analysis used was linier multiple regression with classical assumption. The result indicated that own capital,loan capital, bussines volume, and
Multiple Risk Management during Agricultural Production Shortages in a Mountain Village in Northern Laos—Roles of Forest Resources, Livestock and the Market Economy
Authors: Hirota Isao
Published: January 2018

In areas with strongly seasonal climates, local people often use complex strategies to manage agricultural production shortages, including diverse activities such as hunting, selling and consuming non-agricultural products, and wage labor. We surveyed all the households in a village in northern Laos to evaluate how such livelihood activities varied during years with differing agricultural production conditions. We compared two years with normal rice production conditions (2010, 2012) and one year with a severe rice shortage (2011) due to a rodent outbreak. Earning wages inside and outside the village was the most important activity for mitigating rice shortages, followed by selling livestock and using/selling non-timber forest products. Villagers also borrowed rice from a village rice bank. Most cash income was earned from selling rice. We concluded that a balance of traditional risk management activities under the swidden system (e.g., raising livestock) with the more recent rice bank system and wages from the market economy will be critical for the sustainable development of mountain villages in northern Laos. Permanent crops and monocultures tend to make local livelihoods more dependent on a single crop, but maintaining the traditional swidden system will help local people to manage agricultural production shortages.
Dentine Laser Welding: A New Help for Fractured Teeth? A Preliminary Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Fornaini Carlo , Merigo Elisabetta , Poli Federica , Rocca Jean-Paul , Selleri Stefano , Lagori Giuseppe , Cucinotta Annamaria
Published: January 2018

An important surgical goal is to provide a first intention wound healing without trauma produced by sutures and for this aim in the past several methods have been tested. The aim of this preliminary ex vivo study is to demonstrate the capacity of a 1070 nm pulsed fiber laser to treat the dental fractures by dentine melting with the apposition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as filler. Only the specimens of the group b showed a real process of welding of the two parts, while specimens of groups a and c did not reach a complete welding process. Out of thirty freshly-extracted human third molars, decay-free, twenty-four cylinders of 5 mm thickness were obtained to perform the test. The device used was a 1070 nm Yb-doped pulsed fiber laser: this source has a maximum average output power of 20 W and a fixed pulse duration of 100 ns, while the repetition rate ranges from 20 kHz to 100 kHz. The samples were divided in three groups (a, b, c) of eight teeth and each specimen, with the two portions strictly placed side by side, was put inside the box and irradiated three times, the first and the second at 30 kW and the last at 10 kW power. The frequency was maintained at 20 kHz for all the tests as well as the speed of the beam at 10 mm/sec. The samples of the group a were irradiated without apposition, in the group b nanoparticles (<200 nm) of hydroxyapatite were put in the gap between the two portions while in the group c, a powder of hydroxyapatite was employed. Only the specimens of the group b showed a real process of welding of the two parts, while specimens of groups a and c did not reach a complete welding process.
A Javascript GIS Platform Based on Invocable Geospatial Web Services
Authors: Evangelidis Konstantinos , Papadopoulos Theofilos
Published: January 2018

Semantic Web technologies are being increasingly adopted by the geospatial community during last decade through the utilization of open standards for expressing and serving geospatial data. This was also dramatically assisted by an ever increasing access and usage of geographic mapping and location-based services via smart devices in people’s daily activities. In this paper we explore the developmental framework of a pure Javascript client-side GIS platform exclusively based on invocable geospatial Web services. We also extend Javascript utilization on the server side by deploying a node server acting as a bridge between open source WPS libraries and popular geoprocessing engines. The vehicle for such an exploration is a cross platform Web browser capable of interpreting Javascript commands to achieve interaction with geospatial providers. The tool is a generic Web interface providing capabilities of acquiring spatial datasets, composing layouts and applying geospatial processes. In an ideal form the end-user will have to identify those services, which satisfy a geo-related need and put them in the appropriate row. The final output may act as a potential collector of freely available geospatial web services. Its server-side components may exploit geospatial processing suppliers composing that way a light-weight fully transparent open Web GIS platform.
Technology Focus: Formation Damage
Authors: Fleming Niall
Published: January 2018

Technology Focus

Coreflooding is one of the principal tools through which we qualify drilling and completion fluids and assess the potential for formation damage, but is it relevant? By “relevant,” I mean does it give an accurate portrayal of the likely performance of the selected fluids in terms of potential damage and how effectively a well will clean up? These are important considerations, but can they be derived from a core plug that is representative of the main production interval and is used in a coreflood test where one of the main results obtained is a return permeability (the difference between the initial and final permeability after fluid exposure)? In reality, most use of coreflooding is in the selection of the optimal drilling and completion fluids on the basis of comparison of the return permeabilities. Many coreflood procedures use, for example, a standard sequence of drawdowns after exposure of the plug to drilling and completion fluids to represent cleanup without considering actual well conditions and expected flow rates. Are such core-floods relevant, or could we be discarding fluids that could function quite well if field-relevant coreflood testing conditions had been selected?

Are there instances where performing coreflooding is not relevant? Can the same mud formulation that has been tested and qualified for one field be used on an adjacent field where the reservoir type and conditions are similar? A thorough evaluation needs to be performed before making any decision, and there can be cases where additional coreflooding could be deemed unnecessary. How about the case where there has been a change to a mud formulation that has already been qualified by coreflooding (e.g., base oil has been changed with another or change to the emulsifier package)? Should the new formulation be requalified through coreflooding?   

There are many questions here to think over; however, consider the first question: “Is coreflooding relevant?”  Yes, it is. We will be discussing this topic along with others at the Friday Forum of the SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control, 7–9 February, in Lafayette, Louisiana. Come along!

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 178963 Laboratory Simulation and Damage in Openhole Water Injectors by Michael Byrne, LR Senergy, et al.

SPE 183888 Best Practices for Effective Wellbore Cleanup and Displacements in Openhole Sand-Control Completions by M. Beldongar, Schlumberger, et al.

SPE 182320 Modeling of Slow Fines Migration and Formation Damage During Rate Alteration by Y. Yang, University of Adelaide, et al.
Maintaining Injectivity of Disposal Wells: From Water Quality to Formation Permeability
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 183743, “Maintaining Injectivity of Disposal Wells: From Water Quality to Formation Permeability,” by Ali A. Al-Taq, Mohammed N. Al-Dahlan, and Abdullah A. Alrustum, Saudi Aramco, prepared for the 2017 SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Manama, Bahrain, 6–9 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

An extensive laboratory study was carried out with two objectives: to evaluate the effect of water quality on injectivity of disposal wells with reservoir core plugs and to restore injectivity of damaged wells. In this paper, water-quality guidelines to minimize or prevent formation damage are recommended. On the basis of laboratory work, a novel chemical treatment was successfully applied to restore injectivity of several damaged disposal wells. This novel treatment reduced the long operation time and cost of a typical treatment practice while effectively stimulating the well.

Effect of Water Quality and Formation Permeability on Injectivity

Water quality has a major influence on the injectivity of injection and disposal wells. Poor injection or disposal-water quality can compromise the effective injectivity of even high-quality sandstone or carbonate formations. Source water used for injection often contains solids, which can reduce permeability of the formation around the wellbore.

Solids-particle damage depends on particle size of the solids, oil present in the injected water, and the average pore-throat diameter of the formation. If the particles are larger than the average pore-throat diameter of the formation, then the particles cannot penetrate the pores. As a result, an external filter cake with permeability lower than that of the formation will form (Fig. 1a). Another type of injectivity impairment occurs when the size of the particles present in the injected water is smaller than the average pore-throat diameter of the formation. These particles will invade the formation and bridge at some pores (Fig. 1b). As solids concentration in the injection water is increased, the rate of permeability decline becomes greater. Obviously, if the size of the particles is significantly smaller than the average pore-throat diameter of the formation (Fig. 1c), then the particles will flow through the formation without causing any damage. As a result, there will be no loss of injectivity for a long period of time.