bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection on the performance of commercial sows and gilts of different parities and genetic lines
Authors: Lewis C , Torremorell Montse , Bishop S
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To examine the parity and genetic-line differences and trends for major sow reproductive traits during an outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and to determine whether specific parities or genetic lines are more severely affected by PRRS virus. Materials and methods: Reproductive performance data (gestation length, total piglets in utero, total piglets born alive, total piglets born dead, total mummified piglets born, total stillborn, and total weaned) were obtained from a commercial herd in China (8098 litters from 1820 sows) from differing genetic lines (Landrace, Large White, Pietrain, Meishan, Duroc composite, and various crosses). The dataset was partitioned into a baseline and a disease phase. Statistical analysis compared performance differences between these two phases for sows of different parities and lines. Results: PRRS caused significant production losses, impacting most reproductive traits. However, the impacts were greater in early parities, eg, the numbers of mummified piglets per litter were greater for sows of lower parities (1 through 5) than older sows (parities 6 through 11), for which there were no differences between disease and baseline data. Line differences and interactions were also detected, highlighting a greater impact of PRRS virus on the Meishan line than on their European counterparts. Implications: Parity should be considered when examining host genetic resistance to PRRS virus and when designing management strategies. The Meishan line may be more susceptible to reproductive PRRS. The use of the Meishan-type line to impact fecundity traits in a disease situation should be reconsidered.
Coliform mastitis in sows: A review
Authors: Gerjets Imke , Kemper Nicole
Published: August 2024

Coliform mastitis (CM) represents an economically very important disease complex in sows that also affects the health, welfare, and performance of the piglets. Most research has concentrated on the husbandry-influenced occurrence of CM. The pathogenesis of CM suggests a prominent role for Escherichia coli and its endotoxins, although other Enterobacteriaceae species have been isolated from affected animals. Most studies on CM were conducted between 1970 and 1990. It is time for a closer look at this disease, particularly with respect to the economic damage it causes and the lack of recent literature. Treatment and use of body temperature as a single indicator for diagnosis of CM must be regarded critically. A combination of appropriate criteria should be applied to achieve a proper diagnosis and to minimize use of antibiotics. Additional approaches, for instance, incorporating knowledge concerning virulence factors of E coli, are promising tools for future prevention.
Number of visits and length of each visit to a nipple cup drinker by 7-week-old pigs after a water deprivation period or ad libitum access to water
Authors: Jackson Ciara , Karriker Locke , Stalder Kenneth , Johnson Anna
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine how quickly all pigs visited the nipple cup drinker, the number and duration of visits, and water disappearance when water was restored after a 15-hour withholding period. Materials and methods: A total of 184 seven-week-old pigs, identified with unique numbers, were commercially housed (23 pigs per pen), with one stainless steel nipple cup drinker per pen. Two treatments were compared in a crossover design: withheld (WH; four pens), pigs did not have access to water for 15 hours, and control (C; four pens), pigs had ad libitum access to water. One camera was positioned over each drinker to record visits lasting ≥ 5 seconds between 7:00 am and 1:00 pm on 2 consecutive days. One meter was installed on each water line to record water disappearance. Results: All pigs from both treatments visited the nipple cup drinker during the 6-hour observation period. Control pigs made fewer total visits and spent less time at the nipple cup drinker than WH pigs (P < .05). The WH pigs spent longer at the water nipple and visited more often than the C pigs only for the first hour after water was restored (P < .05). Water disappearance was greater for the WH pigs (P < .05). Implications: Under the conditions of this study, all pigs were able to visit the nipple cup drinker between 7:00 am and 1:00 pm; thus, withholding water for 15 hours to encourage consumption of medicated water is not recommended.
Feed additives for swine: Fact sheets – carcass modifiers, carbohydrate-degrading enzymes and proteases, and anthelmintics
Authors: Jacela Jay , DeRouchey Joel , Tokach Mike , Goodband Robert , Nelssen Jim , Renter David , Dritz Steve
Published: August 2024

This is the second in a series of peer-reviewed practice tip articles, each including two or three fact sheets on feed additives for swine.
Feed additives for swine: Fact sheets – flavors and mold inhibitors, mycotoxin binders, and antioxidants
Authors: Jacela Jay , DeRouchey Joel , Tokach Mike , Goodband Robert , Nelssen Jim , Renter David , Dritz Steve
Published: August 2024

This is the third in a series of peer-reviewed practice tip articles, each including two or three fact sheets on feed additives for swine.
Pre-weaning mortality of piglets in a bedded group-farrowing system
Authors: Li Yuzhi , Johnston Lee , Hilbrand Adrienne
Published: August 2024

By retrieving sow performance data from 5 years of production, we evaluated factors that related to pre-weaning mortality of piglets in a bedded group-farrowing system. Data were collected on 421 litters that were weaned at 4 to 5 weeks of age. Average live litter size at birth and weaning was 11.5 and 8.9 pigs, respectively, resulting in an overall pre-weaning mortality rate of 22.6%. A reduction in piglet mortality was observed over the course of the study (P < .001), which may be attributed to improvement in management practices. During summer months, piglet mortality was greater than during other seasons (30% versus 22% ± 2.2%; P < .01). Average pre-weaning mortality of piglets born to younger sows was lower than in those born to mature sows (19% versus 29% ± 2.3%; P < .001). Large variation in piglet mortality among individual sows was observed, and the between-sow difference showed some consistency across parities (Rrep = 0.25). Results of this study suggest that by implementing good management practices, alleviating heat stress, increasing the proportion of younger sows, and removing sows with high piglet mortality in early parities, piglet mortality in group-farrowing systems can be reduced.
Evidence that persistent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in pigs does not require significant genetic change in open reading frame 5
Authors: Chang Chih-Cheng , Yoon Kyoung-Jin , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: August 2024

Objective: To assess genetic and antigenic changes in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) over the course of infection in individual, persistently infected pigs. Materials and methods: Three individually housed “principal pigs” were inoculated (Day 0) with a plaque-cloned virus (CC-01) derived from the North American PRRSV isolate, VR-2332. Homogenates of tissues collected on Day 120 were inoculated into individually housed PRRSV-naive bioassay pigs. Genetic changes in open reading frames (ORFs) 1b, 5, and 7 in plaque-cloned viruses isolated from the original inoculum and serum of principal and bioassay pigs collected 7 days post inoculation were assessed by sequencing. Antigenic changes (in GP 5 and N proteins) were assessed by monoclonal antibody analysis. Results: One bioassay pig became infected with PRRSV. A total of 71 PRRSV plaque-cloned isolates were recovered from the virus inoculum, serum from the persistently infected principal pig, and serum from its corresponding bioassay pig. ORF 1b and ORF 7 amino-acid sequences from 30 plaque-cloned viruses isolated from the bioassay pig were identical with the virus inoculum (CC-01). Analysis revealed three ORF 5 amino-acid variants in the bioassay pig, with the dominant variant identical to one isolated from serum collected from the principal pig on Day 7. Monoclonal antibody analysis found no changes in the phenotypic epitopic profiles of the plaque-cloned isolates. Implications: Persistent PRRSV infection does not depend on mutations in ORFs 1b, 5, or 7. These results have implications for PRRSV immunology and for efforts to control or eliminate the virus.
The effect of gonadotrophin treatment at weaning on primiparous sow performance
Authors: Patterson Jennifer , Cameron Audrey , Smith Taylor , Kummer Aline , Schott Rydell , Greiner Laura , Conner Joseph , Foxcroft George
Published: August 2024

In sows treated at weaning with gonadotrophins, weaning-to-estrus interval was shorter than in untreated controls, but the proportions of sows bred within a 3-day period or 7 days after weaning, farrowing rate, total born, and born alive did not differ with treatment.
Influence of photoperiod on the behavior and performance of newly weaned pigs with a focus on time spent at the feeder, feed disappearance, and growth
Authors: Reiners Kerstin , Hessel Engel , Sieling S , Van den Weghe Herman
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate whether a prolonged photoperiod days 1 to 4 after weaning influences behavior and performance. Materials and methods: Weaned pigs were allotted to daily photoperiods of 20 hours and 8 hours of light, respectively, for days 1 to 4 after weaning. Data were obtained from 234 pigs from 12 pens, resulting in n = 6 replicates per treatment. Behavior was observed during the initial 48 hours after weaning and on day 5 (when photoperiod was changed from 20 hours to 8 hours) in the prolonged light exposure group. Feed disappearance was recorded throughout the whole nursery period. Pigs were individually weighed on the day of weaning and at weekly intervals during the 7-week nursery period. Results: Feed disappearance tended to be higher (P = .09) in the prolonged light exposure group in the initial 24 hours after weaning. Considering the whole nursery period, feed disappearance did not differ between the treatment groups (P = .73). Pigs in the prolonged light exposure group did not gain more weight in the first week after weaning (P = .34). Also considering the entire 7-week nursery period, body weight gain did not differ between the groups (P = .84). Implications: Feed disappearance on the day after weaning tends to be greater in pigs housed in a prolonged photoperiod. Nevertheless, prolonging the photoperiod during the first 4 days after weaning does not influence feed disappearance or body weight gain over the entire nursery phase.
Assessment of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate agent and antioxidant blend for mitigation of aflatoxin-induced physiological alterations in pigs
Authors: Harper Allen , Estienne Mark , Meldrum Blair , Harrell Robert , Diaz Duarte
Published: August 2024

Objective: To assess hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) and an antioxidant supplying ethoxyquin and tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) as dietary additives to mitigate physiological effects of aflatoxin in feed for pigs. Materials and methods: Ninety pigs (9.42 ± 0.05 kg) were used in a study with five dietary treatments: an uncontaminated control diet with no additives and four similar diets that were contaminated with 500 ng per g aflatoxin B1 (AB1) and supplemented with no additive, with 0.5% HSCAS, with an antioxidant preparation providing 125 mg per kg of ethoxyquin and 10 mg per kg of TBHQ, or with both HSCAS and the antioxidant preparation. Results: Feed consumption and growth were poorer (P < .05) in pigs consuming AB1-contaminated feed without additives than in pigs fed the uncontaminated control diet. Serum chemistry constituents were altered (P < .05) in a manner consistent with ingestion of AB1. Growth performance and serum chemistry constituents did not differ between pigs fed an AB1-contaminated diet supplemented with HSCAS and pigs fed uncontaminated feed. In pigs fed the AB1 diet with antioxidant, growth was poorer than in controls (P < .05), but serum gamma glutamyltransferase levels (P < .05) were lower than in pigs fed AB1-contaminated feed without supplementation. Implications: Supplementation of HSCAS is effective in preventing the negative effects of dietary aflatoxin in young pigs as measured by growth and serum chemistry parameters. Supplementing with antioxidant does not mitigate most negative physiological effects associated with aflatoxin consumption.
Effects of creep feeder design and feed accessibility on preweaning pig performance and the proportion of pigs consuming creep feed
Authors: Sulabo Rommel , Tokach Michael , DeRouchey Joel , Dritz Steve , Goodband Robert , Nelssen Jim
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine the effects of creep feeder design and feed accessibility on preweaning performance and the proportion of eaters of creep feed. Materials and methods: A total of 54 sows and their litters were assigned to three treatments: rotary feeder with hopper, rotary feeder without hopper, and pan feeder. A creep diet with 1.0% chromic oxide was offered ad libitum from Day 18 until weaning (Day 21). Fecal samples were collected from piglets with sterile swabs 3 to 12 hours before weaning. Piglets were categorized as “eaters” when either of the two fecal samples was colored green; otherwise, they were categorized as “non-eaters.” Pigs were weighed Days 0 (birth), 18, and 21, and litter creep-feed disappearance was determined daily. Results: There were no differences (P > .05) in preweaning gains and weaning weights of pigs and litters using the different types of creep feeder. Litters provided creep feed using the rotary feeder with the hopper had 2.7 times lower total creep-feed disappearance than litters using the rotary feeder without the hopper and the pan feeder (P < .001). However, the rotary feeder with the hopper produced the highest proportion of pigs consuming creep feed within the litter (80%; P < .001). Implications: The proper choice of creep feeder is essential to manage creep feeding and to maximize the number of eaters in the litter. A creep feeder with a hopper may create more eaters with less feed wastage.
An outbreak of porcine malignant catarrhal fever in a farrow-to-finish swine farm in the United States
Authors: Gauger Phillilp , Patterson Abby , Kim Wonil , Stecker Keith , Madson Darin , Loynachan Alan
Published: August 2024

Malignant catarrhal fever is a sporadic, often fatal viral disease affecting multiple species, including swine. Ovine herpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2), the cause of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever, incites nonspecific clinical signs and occasional death in swine. An outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in a farrow-to-finish swine farm in the United States was confirmed by identifying OvHV-2 DNA in two clinically affected adult swine previously exposed to sheep. Forty-one swine exhibited clinical signs of lethargy, anorexia, and fever, with recovery or death in 22 and 19 animals, respectively. Abortion was also reported in two clinically affected pregnant females. Ovine herpesvirus type 2 DNA was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in spleen, brain, and lung tissue. A BLAST homology search of the sequenced PCR amplicon matched the conserved region of the OvHV-2 tegument protein. Porcine malignant catarrhal fever is difficult to diagnose due to the nonspecific clinical signs, rarity of occurrence, and sporadic nature of the disease. Polymerase chain reaction assays and serologic testing are available to assist in an accurate diagnosis. Veterinarians should consider malignant catarrhal fever a potential differential diagnosis in swine with poorly defined clinical signs, intermittent death, and previous exposure to sheep.
Organisational and methodological support of internal audit and conceptual approaches to its improvement
Authors: Mukhamejanova Aigul , Zhumatayeva Bakhytzhamal , Primzharova Kalyash , Ukubassova Galiya , Zhumartov Talap
Published: August 2024

Relevance. The study addresses the ongoing need to improve the organisational and methodological support of internal audits. In a competitive environment, companies require an effective management system and an internal audit subsystem. Developing the concept of internal auditing in enterprise management is crucial. Purpose. This study is aimed at reviewing and studying the organisational and methodological support of internal audit and the search for conceptual approaches to improve it. Methodology. The study uses synthesis and analysis, deductive and inductive methods, and comparative analysis, along with a review of related research papers. Results. The paper presents problematic issues in the development of internal audits and their solutions. Increasing requirements for management efficiency necessitate the functional activation of internal audits as an integral part of the internal control system of organisations. Such trends require a qualitative and new theoretical understanding of their essence and role in enterprise management. Internal auditing allows the organisation to attain its own strategic goals and objectives by using a methodical and controlled approach to calculating and increasing the level of effectiveness of risk management processes, their switch, and management. Conclusions. This study can be used to investigate the concept of an internal audit. The presented information is of particular value for practitioners and theorists in this area since it is aimed at considering the organisational and methodological support of internal audit and at finding conceptual approaches to improve its implementation. Keywords: accounting; financial accounting; internal control; management
Kajian Serapan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Pertumbuhan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum)
Authors: Lestari Hepa , Mustikarini Eries Dyah , Khodijah Nyayu Siti
Published: August 2024

Bawang merah sebagai komoditas sayuran dengan banyak manfaat sehingga dibutuhkan dalam jumlah besar. Pengembangan bawang merah pada Lahan Pasca Tambang diterapkan oleh beberapa petani hortikultura Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.  Budidaya Bawang Merah pada Pasca Tambang Timah teridentifikasi tercemar logam berat timbal (Pb) di bawah batas maksimum residu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bawang merah pada media tanam mengandung logam berat Pb dan tingkat konsentrasi Pb yang dapat mencemari umbi bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bawang merah pada media tanam mengandung logam berat Pb dan tingkat konsentrasi Pb yang dapat mencemari umbi bawang merah.  Metode yang digunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) sebanyak 6 perlakuan. Perlakuan dosis pemberian logam timbal (Pb) terdiri dari P0 (0 ppm) sebagai kontrol, P1 (25 ppm), P2 (50ppm), P3 (75 ppm), P4 (100 ppm) dan P5 (150 ppm). Pemberian logam berat timbal (Pb) pada media tanam dengan konsentrasi berbeda menunjukkan pengaruh tidak nyata pada pertumbuhan bawang merah.  Serapan Pb sangat dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi jumlah logam berat yang diberikan.  Serapan logam berat Pb tertinggi sebesar 0,27 ppm yaitu pada perlakuan P5 dengan konsentrasi 150 ppm.  Logam berat Pb dengan konsentrasi 25-150 ppm  dapat mencemari umbi bawang merah jika terdapat pada media tanam.  Hasil uji diketahui bahwa umbi bawang merah yang tercemar tidak melebihi batas maksimum cemaran sebesar 0,5 ppm sesuai dengan standar batas maksimum cemaran SNI 7387 Tahun.
Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Terhadap Waktu Perendaman dan Konsentrasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
Authors: Amaliah Bayyinah Nur , Irfan Muhamad , Mutakin Jenal , Sativa Novriza
Published: August 2024

Zingiber officinale Rosc atau disebut dengan jahe merupakan tanaman herba yang bernilai ekonomi. Kendala yang terjadi saat ini adalah adanya masa dormansi yang cukup lama pada bibit jahe merah, sehingga dibutuhkan zat pengatur tumbuh menggunakan PGPR. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memahami interaksi antara waktu perendaman dan konsentrasi PGPR terhadap respons pertumbuhan bibit tanaman jahe merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2023 hingga Mei 2023 Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Garut. Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) dengan 2 faktor digunakan pada penelitian ini. Faktor pertama yakni lama perendaman dengan durasi: 0 menit (m0), dan 45 menit (m1). Faktor kedua adalah pemberian konsentrasi larutan PGPR sebanyak: 0 ml/l (k0), 25 ml/l (k1), 50 ml/l (k2), 75 ml/l (k3), dan 100 ml/l (k4) setiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PGPR dapat berpengaruh nyata terhadap waktu muncul tunas, tinggi tunas, jumlah akar, dan indeks vigor. Perlakuan aplikasi selama 45 menit dan konsentrasi PGPR 75 ml/l air dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan waktu muncul tunas selama 11 hari dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tunas dan akar.
Pengaruh Aplikasi dan Konsentrasi Larutan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) pada Pertumbuhan Bibit Rimpang Jahe Emprit (Zingiber officinale var. amarum)
Authors: Pratama Delfis Yoga , Irfan Muhamad , Sativa Novriza , Rismayanti Ai Yanti
Published: August 2024

Jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) termasuk ke dalam kategori tanaman obat dan rempah. Budidaya jahe emprit menggunakan rimpang terkendala fase dormansinya yang cukup panjang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan antara pemberian konsentrasi PGPR dan lama perendaman pada perkembangan rimpang jahe. Metode penelitian menggunakan 2 faktor dengan ulangan tiga kali dengan desain Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF). Faktor pertama yaitu aplikasi PGPR selama e0 (0 menit) dan e1 (45 menit). Faktor kedua, yaitu konsentrasi PGPR k0 (0 ml/l), k1 (25 ml/l), k2 (50 ml/l), k3 (75 ml/l) dan k4 (100 ml/l). Parameter pengamatan meliputi indeks vigor, waktu muncul tunas, rimpang busuk, diameter tunas, tinggi tunas, jumlah akar, jumlah daun dan panjang akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi terhadap parameter jumlah akar dengan dosis terbaik 75 ml/l air dan waktu perendaman 45 menit. Dan mempercepat waktu muncul lebih yaitu 15,21 hari, indeks vigor yang tinggi, sedikit rimpang busuk dan pertumbuhan yang optimal pada tinggi, diameter, jumlah daun dan panjang akar.
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Stroberi (Fragaria sp.) Varietas Mancir Terhadap Pemberian Trichokompos Kohe Sapi dan NPK
Authors: Pratiwi Sri Hariningsih , Purnamasari Retno Tri , Hidayanto Fajar , Bakhtiar Irwan Darwis
Published: August 2024

Produktivitas stroberi setiap tahun cenderung fluktuatif dikarenakan kesuburan tanah di Indonesia sebagian besar sudah mengalami penurunan. Penggunaan pupuk Trichokompos kotoran hewan sapi menjadi alternatif untuk mendukung penggunaan pupuk anorganik selama ini oleh petani stroberi. Tujuan penelitian ini guna mengkaji tanggapan pertumbuhan serta capaian stroberi terhadap diberikannya pupuk Trichokompos serta pupuk mutiara (16:16:16). Penelitian memakai Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan satu faktor terdiri dari empat perlakuan yang terdiri dari pupuk NPK (kontrol), pupuk Trichokompos 30 ton ha-1 + NPK 50%, pupuk Trichokompos 40 ton ha-1+ NPK 50% dan pupuk Trichokompos 50 ton ha-1+ NPK 50% yang masing-masing diulang enam kali. Data yang dihasilkan dianalisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan uji lanjut BNJ 5%. Pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, luas daun, bobot buah, indeks luas daun, laju asimilasi bersih dan laju pertumbuhan relatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pemberian pupuk Trichokompos sebanyak 50 ton ha-1 serta pupuk NPK 50% secara nyata menghasilkan bobot buah terberat pada 35 HST yaitu 29,57 g tanaman-1. Pupuk Trichokompos dan kombinasinya dengan pupuk mutiara juga berpengaruh nyata pada laju asimilasi bersih, indeks luas daun, serta laju pertumbuhan relatif sampai pada usia tanaman 21-28 HST, namun tidak terdapat pengaruh yang nyata pada umur 35 HST, diduga sudah mengalami penurunan penerimaan sinar radiasi matahari dan laju fotosintesis. Aplikasi pupuk terpadu antara pupuk organik dan anorganik menjadi alternatif untuk memperbaiki sifat tanah dan mampu mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman dengan baik.
Analisis Perubahaan Lahan DAS Tapakis Tahun 2013 Hingga Tahun 2023 Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis
Authors: Valery Allen Rio , Syahfitra Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Abstrak. Perubahaan penggunaan lahan DAS Tapakis Padangpariaman mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Perubahaan penggunaan lahan yang signifikan berimplikasi pada meluasnya kebutuhan ruang. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna mengetahui perubahaan penggunaan lahan selama periode tahun 2013 hingga tahun 2023. Mengklasifikasikan jenis-jenis kelas penggunaan lahan yang terjadi dengan menggunakan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Berdasarkan hasil analisis SIG diketahui kelas penggunaan lahan yang ada di DAS Tapakis Padangpariaman adalah berupa Hutan, Badan Air, Tanah Kosong dan Perumahaan, dan Lahan Pertanian. Hasil analisis perubahan lahan DAS Tapakis diketahui bahwa tejadi penurunan fungsi lahan pada lahan pertanian dan badan air, sedangkan peningkatan fungsi luas lahan terjadi pada tanah kosong dan perumahan serta lahan hutan. Perubahan yang terjadi tidak lepas dari faktor perubahan alam dan faktor manusia.
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENCABUT BULU AYAM TIPE VERTIKAL
Authors: Defrian Angga , Malrianti Yefsi , Zulfakri Zulfakri
Published: August 2024

Ayam pedaging atau ayam boiler menjadi salah satu komoditi peternakan di Sumatera Barat. Pencabutan  bulu ayam untuk membersihkan ayam dari bulu dan kotoran di beberapa daerah sudah menggunakan mesin pencabut bulu ayam dengan beragam desain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang mesin pencabut bulu ayam tipe vertikal untuk menjawab permasalahan kekurangan dan kelemahan pada mesin pencabut bulu ayam sebelumya sehingga bisa merontokkan bulu ayam secara efektif dan efesien. Mesin Pencabut bulu ayam tipe vertikal ini dirancang dari besi siku dengan ukuran 3,5 x 3,5cm dengan panjang 59,5 cm, lebar atas 59,5 cm, dan tinggi 50 cm. Rancangan mesin ini terdiri dari rangka, inlet, outlet, gear gardan, V-belt dan pulley, bearing, poros, alas plat, karet plucker dan motor listrik. Kapasitas pencabutan mesin yang dihasilkan pada perlakuan adalah 25 ekor/jam, dengan tingkat kerusakan ±1.41%, Efisiensi penerusan daya sebesar 70,97% dengan waktu perontokan rata-rata 0,015 jam/ekor.
Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah Minimum Provinsi Dan Kemiskinan Terhadap Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja Di Provinsi Sumatera Barat
Authors: Safitri Aura Endang , Iryani Nelvia
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The labor force participation rate is a certain population group, namely the ratio between the total labor force and the total working age population in the same group. The labor force participation rate describes the number of people working as part of their daily life at a certain point in the survey period. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of economic growth, the provincial minimum wage and poverty on the labor force participation rate in West Sumatra Province. The method used in this study is the multiple linear regression analysis model or the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The data source was obtained from the BPS of West Sumatra Province. The results showed that the variable number of poor people had no significant effect on the labor force participation rate in West Sumatra Province, but for the regional gross domestic product variable it had a negative and significant effect on the labor force participation rate in West Sumatra Province. Meanwhile, the provincial minimum wage variable has a positive and significant effect on the labor force participation rate in West Sumatra Province.
 
Abstrak. Tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja merupakan suatu kelompok penduduk tertentu yaitu perbandingan antara jumlah angkatan kerja dengan jumlah penduduk usia kerja pada kelompok yang sama. Tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja menggambarkan jumlah penduduk yang bekerja sebagai bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari pada suatu titik tertentu dalam periode survey. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  untuk menganalisis pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, upah minimum provinsi dan kemiskinan terhadap  tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan model analisis regresi linear berganda atau Teknik metode kuadrat terkecil biasa (OLS). Sumber data diperoleh dari BPS Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk variabel jumlah penduduk miskin tidak signifikan terhadap tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja di Provinsi Sumatera Barat, tetapi untuk variabel produk domestik regional bruto berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap  tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja di Provinsi Sumatera Barat . Sedangkan variabel upah minimum provinsi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja di Provinsi Sumatera Barat.
The Effect of Shade on Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Dogfruit (Pithecellobium jiringa) Genotypes
Authors: Zainal Aprizal , Satria Benni , Mawati Idel , Wulantika Trisia
Published: August 2024

Dog fruit (Pithecellobium lobatum Benth, synonyms P. jiringa, Archidendron pauciflorum) is one of the popular tropical plants. The objectives of this research are to determine the best (i) the best genotype for germination and growth of dogfruit seedlings (ii) combination of shade and genotype, (iii) the best percentage of shade and. This research was carried out by direct observation of seed germination and seedling formation. The study was carried out in an experimental garden located ± 255 meters above sea level. The average temperature and mean humidity during the experiment were 27 ºC and 65%, respectively. The experiment used a completely random design consisting of two factors. The first factor was shade (0%, 40%, or 80% shading). The second factor was genotype (bareh and lokan). Data were analysed using analysis of variance and significant differences were further analysed using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. Observations for determining the time of radicle appearance, root length, radicular colour, and germination type seeds were germinated in seedbeds. Temperature and humidity were recorded in every observation. The best interaction with respect to leaf area is 80% shade cloth and the lokan genotype. Eighty percent shade cloth is the best for germination and growth of Dogfruit seedlings. The best genotype for germination and growth is lokan. It is recommended to use 80% shade cloth because it provides optimal growth of Dogfruit seedlings.
Perancangan Prototype Pemantauan Polusi Udara dalam Ruangan Berbasis IoT
Authors: Noviardi  , Budiman Arif , Franata Michael
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini mendiskusikan tentang perancangan dan implementasi alat pemantauan polusi udara berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) memanfaatkan sensor MQ-135 untuk mendeteksi konsentrasi karbon dioksida (CO2), dengan NodeMCU ESP8266 yang dimanfaatkan untuk mengakuisisi data dan mentransmisikannya melalui jaringan internet nirkabel ke platform Thingspeak. Adapun kendala yang ditemukan di lapangan termasuk keterbatasan akurasi sensor dan konektivitas Wi-Fi yang tidak stabil. Solusi kreatif yang diajukan meliputi kalibrasi ulang sensor secara berkala untuk meningkatkan akurasi dan penggunaan modul Wi-Fi eksternal untuk konektivitas yang lebih stabil. Metode pengujian eksperimental menunjukkan bahwa alat ini efektif dalam mendeteksi perubahan kadar CO2 secara real-time dan menyimpan data yang dapat digunkan dalam manajemen kualitas udara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ada beberapa keterbatasan, alat ini memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut guna memberikan solusi serta pemahaman dan kendali kualitas udara yang berfokus pada konsentrasi gas CO2
IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP “CEGAH, AWASI, TINDAK” DALAM PENGAWASAN NETRALITAS APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (ASN) PEMILU 2019 (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PROVINSI JAWA BARAT)
Authors: Abdullah
Published: August 2024

Netralitas Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) menjadi salah satu persoalan yang selalu muncul pada penyelenggaraan Pemilu dan Pemilihan. Meskipun, Pemerintah telah membuat ragam regulasi untuk membatasi keterlibatan ASN dalam segala bentuk kegiatan politik, perilaku tidak netral masih saja terjadi. Hasil pengawasan pada Pemilu 2019 lalu, di provinsi Jawa Barat terdapat 20 (dua puluh) perkara pelanggaran Netralitas ASN terjadi di 12 (dua belas) Kabupaten/Kota. Seluruh perkara pelanggaran Netralitas ASN telah ditangani oleh Bawaslu Kabupaten/Kota dan ditindaklanjuti dengan penerusan rekomendasi ke Komisi Aparatur Sipil Negara (KASN) oleh Bawaslu Provinsi. Pengawas Pemilu seluruh tingkatan melakukan upaya pengawasan Netralitas ASN sesuai mandat yang telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Pemilu dengan menerapkan konsep “Cegah, Awasi, Tindak” untuk mengatasi masalah pelanggaran netralitas ASN. Tupoksinya mengawasi keterlibatan ASN dalam segala bentuk kegiatan Kampanye, Mencegah terjadinya pelanggaran Netralitas ASN, dan menindak ASN yang menguntungkan/merugikan Peserta Pemilu. Penelitian ini mendasarkan kepada landasan pemikiran bahwa ASN wajib menjaga netralitasnya dalam kegiatan politik.
MENGUATKAN PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PENGAWASAN TAHAPAN PEMILU 2024
Authors: Nurlia Dian Paramita
Published: August 2024

Peran perempuan dalam mewujudkan pengawasan pemilu yang efektif dan berkeadilan merupakan salah satu wujud partisipasi politik. Perempuan selama ini menjadi obyek dalam pelaksanaan pemilu. Secara nasional terkait partisipasi perempuan khususnya di ranah politik masih belum memenuhi kuota 30 persen. Budaya politik perempuan secara umum masih terdoktrin oleh urgensi peran domestik yang harus dijalankan. Pendidikan pemilih kepada kelompok perempuan menjadi salah satu solusi efektif untuk terus menyadarkan pentingnya partisipasi perempuan dalam pengawasan pemilu. Pendidikan dan pelatihan terkait materi-materi politik pentingnya pemilu bagi perempuan sekaligus menyakinkan mereka bahwa kesetaraan dalam dunia politik menjadi syarat penting untuk berani mengawasi tahapan pemilu. Arena politik terbuka bagi semua warganegara, dan bahwa politik bukan arena yang penuh konflik dan dan intrik yang menakutkan. Keberanian menjadi pelapor dalam menemukan kejadian pelanggaran pemilu perlu terus didorong. Perlu adanya perlindungan terhadap pelapor sekaligus menjaga kestabilan demokrasi dengan terus mencegah terjadinya potensi pelanggaran.
PEMANFAATAN KARTU ATENG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PADA SISWA KELAS VI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 14 PINCURAN VII TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Triana Rani
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari masih rendahnya nilai mata pelajaran IPS dibandingkan dengan KKM yang ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keberhasilan proses pembelajaran menggunakan  Kartu Ateng pada pembelajara IPS tentang kondisi geografis sosial budaya negara-negara ASEAN. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode penelitian tindakan kelas pada siswa kelas VI di SDN 14 Pincuran VII. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua  siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaa (Planning), pelaksanaan (Acting), Pengamatan (Observing), dan Refleksi (Reflecting). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VI  SDN 14 Pincuran VII Kecamatan Ampek Angkek yang berjumlah 29 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes tertulis dan dokumentasi. Observasi digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang keaktifan siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Tes tertulis digunakan untuk mengukur pencapaian siswa setelah pembelajaran. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilaksanakan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Kartu ateng  ini dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam bekerja sama dan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran dengan meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS tentang kondisi geografis sosial budaya negara-negara ASEAN di kelas VI SDN 14 Pincuran VII tahun 2022. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil tiap siklus mengalami peningkatan yaitu diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas pada siklus I sebesar 69,62 meningkat menjadi 73,51 pada siklus II. Presentase jumlah siswa yang mencapai standar ketuntasan juga meningkat pada siklus I sebesar 88,88% (Kategori Baik), meningkat menjadi 91,67% (Kategori Istimewa) pada siklus II.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEDAGOGIK GURU DALAM PENGELOLAAN ADMINISTRASI KELAS MELALUI PELAKSANAAN SUPERVISI ADMINISTRASI DI SD NEGERI 01 SIMPANG AMPEK KECAMATANAN AMPEK NAGARI KABUPATEN AGAM SEMESTER I TAHUN PELAJARAN 2022/2023
Authors: Meriyulvita
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi masih adanya guru  yang belum memahami tentang tugas tambahan sebagai wali kelas, bahkan masih ada guru kelas  yang tidak tahu siswa yang jarang masuk sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah yang tepat dalam melaksanakan supervisi administrasi kelas sehingga mampu meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru terutama dalam manajemen kelas yang pada akhirnya akan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua siklus. Subyek penelitian guru kelas I, II, III, IV, V, VI, PAI, Penjas dan SBDP di SD Negeri 01 Simpang Ampek Kecamatan Ampek Nagari Kabupaten Agam. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui supervisi administrasi kelas dengan tahapan observasi kelas, untuk mencatat kejadian-kejadian penting yang berhubungan dengan penelitian. Teknik analisa data yang menjadi pedoman pengolahan data dengan menggunakan dengan konstanta 100. Untuk melihat  interpertasi dengan menggunakan kriteria interpertasi skor  untuk memperkuat penafsiran dalam kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 80 - 100  (Baik Sekali),  66 - 79 ( Baik), 56 - 65 (Cukup), dan 40 - 55 (Kurang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pedagogik guru  dalam  menyusun  administrasi kelas di SD Negeri 01 Simpang Ampek Kecamatan Ampek Nagari Kabupaten Agam meningkat berdasarkan penilaian terhadap kelengkapan administrasi kelas dari 41,97 pada kondisi awal menjadi 60,94 pada siklus pertam dan 85,65 pada siklus kedua. Kesimpulannya adalah pelaksanaan supervisi kelas terbukti dapat meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru kelas khususnya pada pengelolaan administrasi kelas di SD Negeri 01 Simpang Ampek Kecamatan Ampek Nagari Kabupaten Agam.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS APLIKASI CANVA MELALUI KEGIATAN IHT DI SDN 29 KOTO HILALANG KECAMATAN AMPEK ANGKEK KABUPATEN AGAM SEMESTER 2 TAHUN PELAJARAN 2022/2023
Authors: Harni Meiriza
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini menekankan kepada peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi canva dengan pelaksanaan kegiatan iHT di masa pandemi Covid 19. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) dengan empat langkah pokok, yaitu : perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah 18 guru di SD Negeri 29 Koto Hilalang Kecamatan Ampek Angkek Kabupaten Agam. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik observasi dan dokumentasi. Validasi data dengan teknik triangulasi. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian  ini  menggunakan  analisis data kualitatif.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat kesimpulan bahwa pelaksanaan iHT  terbukti mampu meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi canva. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan peningkatan hasil penilaian  kompetensi guru-guru di SD Negeri 29 Koto Hilalang Kecamatan Ampek Angkek Kabupaten Agam dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi canva di mana pada kondisi awal  rata-rata nilai 45,88 dan masuk dalam kategori Kurang (K), meningkat pada siklus pertama dengan rata-rata nilai 70,93 dan masuk dalam kategori Cukup (C) dan pada siklus kedua dengan rata-rata nilai 90,40 dan masuk dalam kategori Baik (B). Adapun peningkatan kompetensi guru-guru di SD Negeri 29 Koto Hilalang Kecamatan Ampek Angkek Kabupaten Agam dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi canva secara individu pada kondisi awal belum ada guru yang dinyatakan tuntas, pada siklus pertama 10 guru atau 55,56% dinyatakan tuntas dan pada siklus kedua 18 guru atau 100% dinyatakan tuntas. Dari penjelasan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan iHT terbukti dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru-guru di SD Negeri 29 Koto Hilalang Kecamatan Ampek Angkek Kabupaten Agam dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi canva.
Prevalence and Predictors of Postpartum Depression among Mothers Attending Tertiary Care Hospital, Jammu, India
Authors: Bala Jyoti , Kumari Rashmi , Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Langer Bhavna , Mahajan Richa , Zaffer Imran
Published: August 2024

Background: Postpartum depression refers to non-psychotic depressive episode that begins immediately after childbirth. Although delivering a baby is a happy event but many females develop depressive symptoms. About 13% of postpartum women experience a mental disorder, primarily depression worldwide. The aim is to estimate the prevalence of Postpartum depression among the mothers and to determine the association of Perceived Social Support, socio demographic and other obstetric variables with Postpartum depression.
Methodology: The study was conducted among the Postpartum mothers attending the immunization section of a Tertiary care hospital, Jammu, India. Tools used are- Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hamilton depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). SPSS software was used to analyse the data.
Results: Prevalence of Postpartum Depression was found to be 16.1%. Variables like residence, occupation, h/o domestic violence, family h/o mental illness, eventful antenatal period, h/o hospitalization of baby, unwanted parenthood and low social support emerged to be independent predictors of Post Partum depression.
Conclusions: Postpartum mothers particularly those, who were having poor social support are highly vulnerable to depression. Every postpartum mother should be screened for postpartum depression and timely referred to the psychiatrists. Also, family members need to be counselled.
Understanding the Mental Health of Child Sexual Abuse Survivors in Real and Reel Life
Authors: Kolla Swati , Rao Srinivasa Nalamari
Published: August 2024

Child sexual abuse is a widespread issue that has social implications for the victims' mental health. The child sexual abuse is a widely spread manifestation of trauma leaving the victims with immense and long-term mental effects. This review paper introduces CSA and how individuals who went through it are psychologically impacted. By looking at a real-world example of how this happens, we get to explore the many struggles and challenges that CSA survivors face, and also highlight the ways in which they manage to cope with the traumatic experiences they have gone through. Furthermore, this review draws attention to both the resonant and possible distortion of CSA in public discourse by contrasting these real-life tales with representations in popular media (reel-life case studies), such as literature and film. This review seeks to delve deep into the minds of CSA victims and acquires information on how their mental health is affected. The synthesis of research findings and personal narratives is to gain more insight into the tragic mental health outcomes of CSA victims and to appreciate the importance of support and intervention in their healing process.
District Residency Programme (DRP) for Post-graduates: The Community Medicine Perspective
Authors: Doddihal Chandrika , Pattankar Tanuja
Published: August 2024

A major change in postgraduate medical education in India will occur in 2023 with the launch of the District Residency Programme (DRP) by the National Medical Commission (NMC). This required three-month curriculum immerses resident physicians in the reality of district-level healthcare with the goal of bridging the knowledge gap between theory and practice. Postgraduates in community medicine have a priceless chance to close the knowledge gap between theory and practice using DRP. They become well-prepared public health professionals ready to have a big impact on community health by actively engaging in public health programs and obtaining clinical experience within the district system. Its successful implementation will however depend on addressing the issues of what work community medicine postgraduates should be assigned and custom duties for them.
Early Menarche and its Possible Predictors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southwestern Region of Karnataka, India
Authors: T Sowjanya , Nagalla Balakrishna
Published: August 2024

Background: Early menarche has emerged as a significant global concern due to its myriad health implications. Divergent findings characterize existing research on its determinants, prompting the necessity for this study to elucidate the discordance among them and to broaden the spectrum of predictors of early menarche. The primary objective of this study is to determine the mean menarcheal age and to study the influence of various factors, including socio-demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and lifestyle habits, on the onset of menarche in our study population.
Methodology: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study carried out in the southwestern region of Karnataka between 2016 and 2017. A total of 700 high school girls aged between 14 and 16 years were recruited for the study via a simple random sampling technique.
Results: The mean menarcheal age was found to be 12.67 ± 1.19 years, with 33% experiencing it before the age of 12. Factors accelerating menarche included high BMI, excessive exposure to audio-visual media, lack of exercise, non-vegetarian diet, and late sleeping habits, as determined by stepwise logistic regression analysis.
Conclusions: Findings emphasize the significance of monitoring menarcheal trends and identifying modifiable factors influencing its onset. There is a need for educational programs focusing on the holistic health of girls.
An Analysis of the First Literary Period Translations in the History of Pashto Literature
Authors: Taib Alokozay , Khaliqyar Mirwais
Published: August 2024

The ancient period of the history of Pashto literature spans from the second century (Hijri) to the tenth (Hijri). Along with the many advancements in Pashto, this literary era also sees the strengthening of ties with other languages and the start of a number of translations into Pashto. Hashim bin Zaid al-Sarwani opens the translation for the first time in Pashto literature. He was a poet of the third century (Hijri), and he translated an Arabic poetry into Pashto for the first time. Following Hashim, around the close of the 9th and start of the 10th centuries, Zarghuna Kakarie translated Saadi's Bostan from Persian to Pashto. These two systematic translations, the first in the Ghazal style and the second in the Masnavi form, both deal with moral and societal themes and are translated into Pashto in a clear and easy-to-understand manner. Thus yet, just a few authors have discussed the themes; no specialized writings have been done about the analysis of this topic. Descriptive and analytical methods have been used to study the material gathered from many books, as the topic requires its own analysis and explanation. Abu Muhammad Hashim and Zarghuna Kakarie completed the first literary translations in Pashto, both of which maintained the majority of the language's morphology and linguistic combinations.