bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Patronage and Economic Opportunity: Vertical Integration in Egyptian Textiles and Clothing
Authors: El-Haddad Amirah
Published: May 2023

Utilizing an original data set, this paper demonstrates how protectionist industrial policy during the period of hybrid liberalization has shaped the organizational structure of clothing firms in Egypt. It investigates determinants of vertical integration of clothing firms into fabric production. High-end market segments are a critical determinant of integration. Limited access to finance restricts the possibilities for many firms to undertake the investment required to integrate, whilst volatile and uncertain market conditions make firms more likely to rely on the market for their inputs. But there are nuances related to market segment. Producers of higher quality garments rely on imported textiles, so these producers do not integrate even if search and switch costs are high. But the opposite is true of producers relying on domestic suppliers. Foreign institutions are better able to ensure contract enforcement with respect to quality and timely delivery so that suppliers’ opportunistic behaviour is deterred, reducing the necessity of clothing firms to integrate. This may not be the case with respect to domestic suppliers when domestic institutions do not guarantee the same level of enforcement. The adoption of the hybrid liberalization model meant that the transition to a market economy was not preceded by the creation of the necessary regulatory framework. This model resulted in inefficient upstream production and in an institutional setting conducive to agency problems. It also meant that business suffers excessive and inefficient bureaucracy. It is thus not possible for firms to achieve the first best outcome of arm’s length relations based on frictionless market transactions. Given these structural constraints firms opt for the second best solution of make rather than buy, i.e. vertical integration. But only some firms are able to use the arbitrary and discretionary decision making system to their favour, negotiating government obstacles to successful business. Those linked to power, prospered, whilst the businesses of others foundered against the wall of patronage, bureaucracy and red tape.
Deep convolutional neural network accurately classifies different types of bladder cancer cells based on their pH fingerprints and morphology
Authors: Belotti Y. , Jokhun D. S. , Valerio V. L. M. , Chong T. W. , Lim C. T.
Published: May 2023

Non-invasive identification of different populations of cells at the single-cell level carries significant biomedical implications. We recently developed a novel fast and cost-effective method that, combining pH imaging and machine learning, enabled us to classify normal and cancer cells based on their different intracellular acidity. Here, we sought to capture and utilize intracellular structural features, known to undergo changes during cancer progression, in addition to intracellular pH patterns in order to make robust predictions. Leveraging both the biophysical and biochemical markers acquired via pH imaging with deep learning allowed us to classify cancer cells, at single-cell resolution, with very high accuracy. Specifically, the deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based strategy classified individual cells from the RT4 and J82 bladder cancer cell lines with an accuracy of 99.9%, compared to 94% achieved with our previously reported pH-based method.
An accurate method to extract thermal resistance of GaN-on-Si HEMTs
Authors: Shanbhag Ajay , Khade Ramdas P. , Sarkar Sujan , Sruthi M. P. , Nair Deleep , Chakravorty Anjan , DasGupta Nandita , DasGupta Amitava
Published: May 2023

An accurate method to extract the thermal resistance (RTH) of GaN-on-Si high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is proposed. It is shown that by pulsing the substrate, instead of drain or gate as done in the existing methods, one can significantly reduce the effect of traps on the extraction process. To demonstrate this, HEMTs are fabricated on two wafers, similar in all respects except that one has a carbon-doped buffer and the other does not. We obtain the same value of RTH for the two wafers using the proposed method, while the values are significantly different using the method based on drain pulsing. The extracted RTH is also used in a compact model to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.
An effective approach based on nonlinear spectrum and improved convolution neural network for analog circuit fault diagnosis
Authors: Chen Le-rui , Khan Umer Sadiq , Khattak Muhammad Kashif , Wen Sheng-jun , Wang Hai-quan , Hu He-yu
Published: May 2023

In this work, an effective approach based on a nonlinear output frequency response function (NOFRF) and improved convolution neural network is proposed for analog circuit fault diagnosis. First, the NOFRF spectra, rather than the output of the system, are adopted as the fault information of the analog circuit. Furthermore, to further improve the accuracy and efficiency of analog circuit fault diagnosis, the batch normalization layer and the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) are introduced into the convolution neural network (CNN) to propose a CBAM-CNN, which can automatically extract the fault features from NOFRF spectra, to realize the accurate diagnosis of the analog circuit. The fault diagnosis experiments are carried out on the simulated circuit of Sallen–Key. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can not only improve the accuracy of analog circuit fault diagnosis, but also has strong anti-noise ability.
Polarization-induced 2D electron gases in N-polar AlGaN/AlN heterostructures on single-crystal AlN substrates
Authors: Zhang Zexuan , Singhal Jashan , Agrawal Shivali , Kim Eungkyun , Protasenko Vladimir , Toita Masato , Xing Huili Grace , Jena Debdeep
Published: May 2023

Polarization-induced carriers play an important role in achieving high electrical conductivity in ultrawide bandgap semiconductor AlGaN, which is essential for various applications ranging from radio frequency and power electronics to deep UV photonics. Despite significant scientific and technological interest, studies on polarization-induced carriers in N-polar AlGaN are rare. We report the observation and properties of polarization-induced two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in N-polar AlGaN/AlN heterostructures on single-crystal AlN substrates by systematically varying the Al content in the 8 nm top layers from x = 0 to x = 0.6, spanning energy bandgaps from 3.56 to 4.77 eV. The 2DEG density drops monotonically with increasing Al content, from 3.8 × 1013/cm2 in the GaN channel, down to no measurable conductivity for x = 0.6. Alloy scattering limits the 2DEG mobility to below 50 cm2/V s for x = 0.49. These results provide valuable insights for designing N-polar AlGaN channel high electron mobility transistors on AlN for extreme electronics at high voltages and high temperatures, and for UV photonic devices.
Ensemble physics informed neural networks: A framework to improve inverse transport modeling in heterogeneous domains
Authors: Aliakbari Maryam , Soltany Sadrabadi Mohammadreza , Vadasz Peter , Arzani Amirhossein
Published: May 2023

Modeling fluid flow and transport in heterogeneous systems is often challenged by unknown parameters that vary in space. In inverse modeling, measurement data are used to estimate these parameters. Due to the spatial variability of these unknown parameters in heterogeneous systems (e.g., permeability or diffusivity), the inverse problem is ill-posed and infinite solutions are possible. Physics-informed neural networks (PINN) have become a popular approach for solving inverse problems. However, in inverse problems in heterogeneous systems, PINN can be sensitive to hyperparameters and can produce unrealistic patterns. Motivated by the concept of ensemble learning and variance reduction in machine learning, we propose an ensemble PINN (ePINN) approach where an ensemble of parallel neural networks is used and each sub-network is initialized with a meaningful pattern of the unknown parameter. Subsequently, these parallel networks provide a basis that is fed into a main neural network that is trained using PINN. It is shown that an appropriately selected set of patterns can guide PINN in producing more realistic results that are relevant to the problem of interest. To assess the accuracy of this approach, inverse transport problems involving unknown heat conductivity, porous media permeability, and velocity vector fields were studied. The proposed ePINN approach was shown to increase the accuracy in inverse problems and mitigate the challenges associated with non-uniqueness.
Preparation of low hygroscopicity ADN-based energetic composite microspheres and their performance study
Authors: Zhang Shimin , Huo Hongbiao , Ye Baoyun , Wang Jingyu , Feng Chenhe
Published: May 2023

In order to reduce the hygroscopicity of ammonium dinitramide (ADN), four different ADN/nitrocellulose (NC) samples were prepared from acetone solutions using electrostatic spraying, with the concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg ml−1. The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the samples with regular morphology and uniform size were examined by x-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry to investigate the crystal structure and obtain their thermal decomposition properties. Additionally, the mechanical sensitivity and hygroscopicity of the microspheres were also obtained from these studies. The ADN/NC energetic complexes prepared at a concentration of 5 mg ml−1 were found to be spherical, regular in shape, and uniform in size. The apparent activation energy and the critical temperature for thermal explosion were found to be reduced. The impact sensitivities were comparable to those of the raw material, whereas the friction sensitivities were enhanced. Water absorption tests showed that the moisture absorption of the raw ADN was 32.12%, and that of the ADN/NC sample after coating was 3.75%. The moisture absorption of the prepared samples was significantly reduced.
Biofilms of Campylobacter concisus: a potential survival mechanism in the oral cavity
Authors: Istivan Taghrid , Huq Mohsina
Published: May 2023

Campylobacter concisus, a member of the human’s oral microflora, is a Gram-negative, fastidious, microaerophilic bacterium. However, it is debatable whether it should be recognised as a commensal of the human oral cavity, or an opportunistic pathogen as it has been linked to oral and gastrointestinal infections. But there is no doubt that its biofilm-forming capacity has enhanced its survival mechanism whether as a commensal or a pathogen. Hence, through our investigation to assess C. concisus biofilms, we believe that its survival strategy in the oral cavity is enhanced by being protected in the biofilm environment with other oral microbes. Our hypothesis is supported by the findings that oral isolates of this bacterium possess a significantly higher biofilm forming capability than those isolated from the gastrointestinal tract.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate regulation of luteinising hormone-induced steroidogenesis and proliferation of bovine theca cells in vitro
Authors: Medina-Moctezuma Zaire B. , Hernández-Coronado Cyndi G. , Marín-López Lydia , Guzmán Adrián , González-Aretia David , Gutiérrez Carlos G. , Rosales-Torres Ana Ma.
Published: May 2023

Context Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is synthesised by follicle granulosa cells under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone and seems to be necessary for the biological effects of this gonadotrophin. Aims To determine if luteinising hormone (LH) increases S1P production and if this sphingolipid, either induced by LH or added to culture media, regulates steroidogenesis and cell viability in bovine theca cells. Methods We used bovine theca cell cultures treated with: S1P (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM; Experiment 1), LH (0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 ng mL−1; Experiment 2) and LH (0.02 ng mL−1) plus a sphingosine kinase inhibitor (SKI-178; 0, 5 and 10 μM; Experiment 3). Key results Treatment with S1P did not affect (P > 0.05) theca cell viability or their ability to produce progesterone and testosterone. LH (0.02 ng mL−1) increased (P < 0.05) S1P production, and stimulated the expression of phosphorylated sphingosine kinase-1 (pSPHK1). However, the inhibition of SPHK1, by a specific SPHK1 inhibitor (SKI-178), reduced (P < 0.05) cell viability and progesterone secretion. Additionally, the use of SKI-178 increased theca cell testosterone production (P < 0.05). Conclusions S1P added to culture media did not affect cell viability or steroid synthesis. However, LH stimulated the production of S1P, by increasing phosphorylation of SPHK1 in theca cells. This intracellular S1P was inhibitory on testosterone production but augmented progesterone and viable cell number. Implications These results suggest a novel signalling pathway for LH in theca cells and underline the importance of S1P in the regulation of steroid synthesis.
Quantum criticality induced strong coupling between resonant modes
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Zheng Anshou , Liu Jibing
Published: May 2023

We propose a scheme to achieve a strong interaction between an optical cavity and a single polariton mode of an optomechanical cavity, despite a weak initial coupling between the two. This interaction is made possible by quantum criticality, and the coupled system comprising two optical cavities and an optomechanical cavity displays a phenomenon similar to the concepts of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting in atomic physics.
New optical dispersion models for the accurate description of the electrical permittivity in direct and indirect semiconductors
Authors: Lizárraga K , Enrique-Morán L A , Tejada A , Piñeiro M , Llontop P , Serquen E , Perez E , Korte L , Guerra J A
Published: May 2023

We propose new optical dispersion models to describe the imaginary part of the electrical permittivity of dielectric and semiconductor materials in the fundamental absorption region. We work out our procedure based on the well-known structure of the semi-empirical Tauc–Lorentz dispersion model and the band-fluctuations approach to derive a five-parameter formula that describes the Urbach, Tauc and high-absorption regions of direct and indirect semiconductors. Main features of the dispersion models are the self-consistent generation of the exponential Urbach tail below the bandgap and the incorporation of the Lorentz oscillator behavior due to electronic transitions above the fundamental region. We apply and test these models on optical data of direct (MAPbI3, gallium arsenide and indium phosphide), indirect (gallium phosphide and crystalline silicon), and amorphous hydrogenated silicon semiconductors, accurately describing the spectra of the imaginary part of the electrical permittivity. Lastly, we compare our results with other similarly inspired dispersion models to assess the optical bandgap, Urbach tail and oscillator central resonance energy.
Enhanced magneto-optical Kerr effect via the synergistic effect of surface plasmon resonance and spin–orbit coupling in Au@Pt nanohybrid layers
Authors: Lou Peiyang , Wu Qiong , Zhang Chang , Wang Ziqi , Song Yujun
Published: May 2023

Improving the magneto-optical saturation signal of materials is a crucial area of research in the field of magneto-optical effect. Au@Pt nanohybrids (Au@Pt NHs) with surface plasmon resonance and spin–orbit coupling effects were fabricated using a microfluidic technique in this investigation. The Au@Pt NHs were directly dripped onto the CoFeB/W film as a deposition layer, and its dual-mode resonance was applied to increase the longitudinal saturated magneto-optical Kerr angle of the CoFeB/W film by 4.4 times. The innovative concept of using a dual-mode resonance in this paper provides a new idea for the further search of materials that have large magneto-optical coefficients.
Three-quasineutron γ-band in 127Xe
Authors: Chakraborty S , Sharma H P , Jehangir S , Tiwary S S , Majumder C , Gupta A K , Bhat G H , Sheikh J A , Rather N , Banerjee P , Ganguly S , Rai S , Pragati  , Muralithar S , Singh R P , Bhattacharjee S S , Kumar S , Mayank  , Kumar A , Palit R
Published: May 2023

Structures of negative parity multi-quasiparticle states in 127Xe have been investigated through in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy. Excited states were populated via the 122Sn(9Be, 4nγ)127Xe fusion-evaporation reaction at E
beam = 48 MeV. Two new negative parity bands have been identified and their structures have been discussed using the triaxial projected shell model (TPSM) approach. One of the bands is established above the I

π
= 27/2− state at 3702 keV and based on the experimental inferences and TPSM results, this band is interpreted as a γ-band built on a three-quasineutron configuration. The second sequence, found above I

π
= 31/2− state at 4848 keV, is proposed to have a two-proton aligned configuration (

ν

h

11

/

2

⨂
π

h

11

/

2

2

), considering the properties of this band with the neighbouring isotopes. The analysis of the TPSM wave function substantiates the proposed interpretation of this band.
Radiosensitivity and early onset cancer
Authors: Chadwick K H
Published: May 2023

The article is concerned with the radioprotection of a substantial radiosensitive population who present with cancer in early adulthood and will probably be treated with radiotherapy. A theory of radiation-induced health effects based on the induction of DNA double strand breaks is used to associate the radio-sensitivity of carriers of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and the PALB2 gene with the defects in the homologous recombination repair of DNA damage found in the carriers. It is concluded that the defects in homologous recombination repair in these carriers will lead to an increased level of somatic mutations in all their cells and that this increased level of somatic mutations throughout their lifetime is, essentially, the reason that the carriers develop early onset cancer. This is a direct consequence of the more rapid accumulation of the cancer-inducing somatic mutations than the normal, slower accumulation in non-carriers. The radiotherapeutic treatment of these carriers needs to proceed with some care, taking account of their increased radio-sensitivity, and this suggests a need for international recognition and guidance of their radioprotection within the medical profession.
Coupled KIPP-EDGE2D modeling of parallel transport in the SOL and divertor plasma for the ITER baseline scenario
Authors: Chankin A V , Corrigan G
Published: May 2023

The KInetic code for Plasma Periphery (KIPP) models the parallel (along magnetic field lines) propagation of charged particles in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor of tokamaks. An iterative coupling between KIPP and a 2D edge fluid code, EDGE2D, which in turn is coupled to the Monte Carlo solver for neutrals, EIRENE, was used to achieve a converged KIPP-EDGE2D-EIRENE solution. In the iterative coupling algorithm, KIPP transfers kinetic parallel electron and ion heat conductivities to EDGE2D, whereas EDGE2D returns to KIPP 2D distributions of macroscopic plasma parameters across the computations grid. The initial EDGE2D-EIRENE solution simulated the SOL and divertor plasma of the ITER inter-edge localized mode (ELM) baseline scenario. This work employs the same methodology as an earlier study based on the analysis of JET high radiative H-mode conditions, with strong nitrogen injection leading to partial detachment at divertor targets (Chankin et al 2022 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
64 095007). The results are qualitatively similar to those of the JET study in demonstrating the strong heat flux limiting effect, together with the rise in electron and ion temperatures in the main SOL. At the same time, the kinetic effects of the parallel propagation of charged particles are not expected to drastically change the target power deposition at divertor targets calculated by EDGE2D-EIRENE alone.
Carathéodory’s thermodynamics of the Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence
Authors: Fathi Mohsen , Molina Martín , Villanueva J R
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we apply the Carathéodory’s method of geometrothermodynamics to investigate the behavior of the main thermodynamic parameters associated with a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence. The corresponding Pfaffian form is constructed by means of the Schwarzschild radius r

s
, and the quintessential radius r

γ
, as independent variables. This form is then used to characterize the thermodynamic manifold. The homogeneity of the system allows for the recognition of the empirical temperature and entropy, and thus, connects with the usual laws of thermodynamics. In particular, we show that the Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies lead to the same value for the Schwarzschild black hole, in the case of the vanishing cosmological term.
Surface plasmon resonance of nanoparticles in two-dimensional elastic system
Authors: Tang Wanjing
Published: May 2023

In this paper we demonstrate the surface plasmon resonance of nanoparticles in a two-dimensional elastic system. We use the layer potential technique related to the elastic equations and make an asymptotic expansion of the disturbed elastic wave field about the size of nanoparticles. The principal term in the asymptotic expansion mentioned earlier is related to the Neumann-Poincáre operator in the elastic system. Finally, the surface plasmon resonance is investigated by the spectral properties of the Neumann-Poincáre operator.
Hybrid metric-Palatini Higgs inflation
Authors: He Minxi , Mikura Yusuke , Tada Yuichiro
Published: May 2023

We propose an extension of the Higgs inflation to the hybrid metric-Palatini gravity,
where we introduce non-minimal couplings between Higgs and both the metric-type and the
Palatini-type Ricci scalars. We study the inflationary phenomenology of our model and find that
slow-roll inflation can be realized in the large-field regime, giving the observationally favored
predictions. In particular, the scalar spectral index exhibits an attractor behavior to
 n
s ∼ 0.964, while the tensor-to-scalar ratio can take an arbitrary value depending
on the non-minimal coupling parameters, with the metric-Higgs limit r ∼ 10-3 being the
maximum. We also investigate the unitarity property of our model. As the ultraviolet (UV) cutoff
as a low-energy effective field theory (EFT) of this model is significantly lower than the Planck
scale due to a strong curvature of field-space, we consider a possible candidate of UV-extended
theories with an additional scalar field introduced so as to flatten the field-space in
five-dimension. While the field-space can be flatten completely and this approach can lead to a
weakly-coupled EFT, we gain an implication that Planck-scale EFT can be only realized in the limit
of metric-Higgs inflation. We also discuss generalizations of the model up to
mass-dimension four.
Type Ia Supernova Explosions in Binary Systems: A Review
Authors: Liu Zheng-Wei , Röpke Friedrich K. , Han Zhanwen
Published: May 2023

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play a key role in the fields of astrophysics and cosmology. It is widely accepted that SNe Ia arise from thermonuclear explosions of white dwarfs (WDs) in binary systems. However, there is no consensus on the fundamental aspects of the nature of SN Ia progenitors and their actual explosion mechanism. This fundamentally flaws our understanding of these important astrophysical objects. In this review, we outline the diversity of SNe Ia and the proposed progenitor models and explosion mechanisms. We discuss the recent theoretical and observational progress in addressing the SN Ia progenitor and explosion mechanism in terms of the observables at various stages of the explosion, including rates and delay times, pre-explosion companion stars, ejecta–companion interaction, early excess emission, early radio/X-ray emission from circumstellar material interaction, surviving companion stars, late-time spectra and photometry, polarization signals and supernova remnant properties. Despite the efforts from both the theoretical and observational sides, questions of how the WDs reach an explosive state and what progenitor systems are more likely to produce SNe Ia remain open. No single published model is able to consistently explain all observational features and the full diversity of SNe Ia. This may indicate that either a new progenitor paradigm or an improvement in current models is needed if all SNe Ia arise from the same origin. An alternative scenario is that different progenitor channels and explosion mechanisms contribute to SNe Ia. In the next decade, the ongoing campaigns with the James Webb Space Telescope, Gaia and the Zwicky Transient Facility, and upcoming extensive projects with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time and the Square Kilometre Array will allow us to conduct not only studies of individual SNe Ia in unprecedented detail but also systematic investigations for different subclasses of SNe Ia. This will advance theory and observations of SNe Ia sufficiently far to gain a deeper understanding of their origin and explosion mechanism.
Does Diffuse Circumnuclear Gas around Sgr A* Achieve Collisional Ionization Equilibrium or Remain Non-equilibrium Ionization?
Authors: Niu Shu , Xie Fu-Guo , Sun Wei , Ji Li
Published: May 2023

The feeding and feedback processes at the vicinity of a supermassive black hole (BH) are essential for our understanding of the connection between supermassive BH and its host galaxy. In this work, we provide a detailed investigation, both observational and theoretical, on the diffuse (∼2″–20″, ∼0.08–0.8 pc) X-ray emission around Sgr A*. Over two-decade Chandra observations are gathered to obtain highest signal-to-noise to date. We find that, the line center of iron lines of the outer 8″–18″ region,

ϵ

c

=

6.65

−
0.03

+
0.02

keV

, is comparable to that (

ϵ

c

=

6.60

−
0.03

+
0.05

keV

) of the inner 2″–5″ region. This is somewhat unexpected, since the gas temperature decreases further away from the central BH. Based on a dynamical inflow–outflow model that considers the gas feeding by stellar winds from Wolf–Rayet stars, we calculate the X-ray spectrum based on both the conventional collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) assumption, and the newly developed non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) assumption. We find that, theoretically gases within ∼8″–10″ remain in a CIE state, outside of this radius they will be in the NEI state. A comparison of the properties of ∼6.6 keV iron lines between CIE and NEI is addressed. Interestingly, the NEI interpretation of outer region is supported by the Chandra line center ϵ
c measurements of this region.
Magnetohydrodynamics in free surface liquid metal flow relevant to plasma-facing components
Authors: Sun Z. , Al Salami J. , Khodak A. , Saenz F. , Wynne B. , Maingi R. , Hanada K. , Hu C.H. , Kolemen E.
Published: May 2023

While flowing Liquid Metal (LM) Plasma-Facing Components (PFCs) represent a potentially transformative technology to enable long-pulse operation with high-power exhaust for fusion reactors, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) drag in the conducting LM will reduce the flow speed. Experiments have been completed in the linear open-channel LMX-U device [Hvasta et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion 58 01602] for validation of MHD drag calculations with either insulating or conducting walls, with codes similar to those used to design flowing LM PFCs for a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility [Kessel et al 2019 Fusion Sci. Technol. 75 886]. We observe that the average channel flow speed decreased with the use of conducting walls and the strength of the applied transverse magnetic field. The MHD drag from the retarding Lorentz force resulted in an increase of the LM depth in the channel that ‘piled up’ near the inlet, but not the outlet. As reproduced by OpenFOAM and ANSYS CFX calculations, the magnitude and characteristics of the pileup in the flow direction increased with the applied traverse magnetic field by up to 120%, as compared to the case without an applied magnetic field, corresponding to an average velocity reduction of ∼45%. Particle tracking measurements confirmed a predicted shear in the flow speed, with the surface velocity increasing by 300%, despite the 45% drop in the average bulk speed. The MHD effect makes the bulk flow laminarized but keeps surface waves aligned along the magnetic field lines due to the anisotropy of MHD drag. The 3D fringe field and high surface velocity generate ripples around the outlet region. It was also confirmed that the MHD drag strongly depends on the conductivity of the channel walls, magnetic field, and volumetric flow rate, in agreement with the simulations and a developed analytical model. These validated models are now available to begin to determine the conditions under which the ideal LM channel design of a constant flow speed and fluid depth could be attained.
Cable crimping intelligent measuring device
Authors: tao Guo , jing Fang
Published: May 2023

The rapid development of China’s economy has promoted the development of the power industry, and more and more UHV transmission lines have been put into construction. With the expansion of the cable scale, the power industry’s requirements for cable quality have also increased. In the construction of power transmission and transformation lines, the crimping of cables is an important link that affects the entire line. On the basis of the traditional crimping measurement method, this paper designs an intelligent measuring device for cable crimping, which uses STM32 microcontroller as data processor and integrates various digital measuring tools. The device is used in the cable crimping construction and quality inspection process. Improve the efficiency and quality of cable crimping construction, and realize the integration, digitization and informatization of cable crimping data measurement.
Research and application of box type substation operation safety management and control system based on three-dimensional modeling and UWB positioning
Authors: Li Xinzhuo , Zhang Li , Li Jinxin
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes a box type substation operation safety management and control system based on GIM modeling technology and UWB positioning technology to address the current challenges of personnel and vehicle control, single control methods, difficult information exchange, and blind spots in on-site substation operations. This system integrates safety control measures throughout the entire operation process of the substation before, during, and after operation, achieving closed-loop control of operation safety. Firstly, laser point cloud and power system GIM technology are used for three-dimensional modeling of substation environment and equipment. Then, UWB positioning technology is used for indoor positioning. Combined with various business systems such as substation work tickets and SCADA, the qualification review of station personnel and vehicles before substation operation is achieved, real-time monitoring of personnel status and movement trajectory during operation, and real-time monitoring of on-site environment after operation are achieved. The system has been deployed and applied to a 35kV box type substation in Guizhou, and through a period of actual operation, it has effectively controlled the operation site.
Internet of Things-based Water pH Level Monitoring for Arowana Cultivation
Authors: Daru A F , Christanto F W , Vydia V
Published: May 2023

The Arowana fish cultivation is a special cultivation that grows decorative fish instead of consumption. Unlike consumption fish, Arowana fish require a strict water pH level to live healthily. Hence, the cultivator must carefully maintain the water to prevent high acidity levels in the aquarium. A high acid level in the water may cause severe disease or death to Arowana. However, detecting acidity levels in the water required a particular tool, such as litmus paper. Litmus paper provided accurate acid detection by color indication. A strip of litmus paper is required for every aquarium to detect the acidity level. Buying many litmus papers may increase the unnecessary cost of cultivation. This research proposed acidity level monitoring by implementing Internet of Things technology to allow automation and remote monitoring. According to the evaluation result, the proposed model is capable of detecting the state of the acidity level with an accuracy of up to 100%. Besides that, the detection range of the proposed model is almost identical to a pH meter with a percentage error of less than 1% in many acidity levels.
Panicle branching of nutritious rice based on good agricultural practices
Authors: Hastini T , Rohaeni W R , Susanto U , Pramudyawardani E F , Nurdin A
Published: May 2023

Panicle branching is one of the characters that can distinguish one rice cultivar from another. Agricultural practices determined the performance of panicle branching. The trial aimed to study the differences among ten rice lines based on panicle branching characters cultivated based on good farming practices. Seven pure lines and three varieties were planted as genetic material in 4 replications. The trial was conducted in Bandung in 2020 at an altitude was 460 m asl. The characters observed were panicle length, main axis length, number of total grain per panicle, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, primary branch length, secondary branch length, and number of secondary branches primary branch. All the panicle branching characters showed different among genetical material planted. The longest panicle was found in IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-8, but the longest main axis length was found in Inpari IR Nutrizinc, local variety and IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-8. The genotype of IR 105734-B-64-1-1-SKI-1-SG-11 showed had the most grains number (223.28), and the genotype of IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-8 was not different with IR 105734-B-64-1-1-SKI-1-SG-11. In the other characters, the genotype of IR 105730-B-79-1-4-SKI-1-8 was relatively showed a good performance, especially in primary branch length, secondary branch length, and number of secondary branches primary branch.
The Effect of Benzyl Amino Purine and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on in Vitro Propagation of Pranajiwa (Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch) Benn.)
Authors: Ramadhani Defrita Fitri , Samanhudi  , Pramweswari Wuri , Syukri Daimon , Setyawati Andriyana
Published: May 2023

Pranajiwa (Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch) Benn.) is an endangered medicinal plant known for its function as aphrodisiac, antidote, expectorant, and tonic. It also can be used to cure TBC. Research has found that pranajiwa is difficult to be propagated, but the tissue culture propagation method has never been applied to this species. This research is aimed to figure out the procedure to induce callogenesis of pranajiwa with the addition of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and to determine the proper combination of BAP and 2,4-D to produce an optimal callus. MS-based medium with 25 combinations of BAP and 2,4-D has been used for the callus induction. Parameters observed in this research are callus appearing time, percentage of inducted calluses, and morphology observation, including the texture and color of the callus. Result shows that 90.67% calluses was successfully inducted. The optimal callus was obtained by combining BAP 1 ppm and 2,4-D 1,5 ppm with 5 days of appearing time, friable texture and green color.
Optimitimization of sorghum protein isolates as a by-product of starch extraction using enzymatic methods
Authors: Wulandari E , Sumanti D M , Andoyo R , Safitri S
Published: May 2023

The lack of protein consumption in Indonesian society has caused an increase in malnutrition sufferers in the country. One of the prevention efforts is making protein isolates with sorghum as raw materials because sorghum is a cereal with the highest protein content compared to other grains. To produce food-grade isolates, the isolation process is carried out with the help of the α-amylase enzyme, which has an activity of 6,666,563 units/ml. This study aimed to determine the optimization value and functional characteristics of sorghum protein isolate produced using enzymatic methods. This research was conducted with an experimental method followed by hypothesis testing using a CCD (Central Composite Design) RSM (Response Surface Methodology) test with α-amylase enzyme variables and 0.9 % -1.8% and 1.5-2.5 hours for reaction times of each upper and lower limit. The desired response variable is protein content. Protein isolates with the highest levels or 58.40% were obtained with an enzyme amount of 1.35% with a hydrolysis length of time of 3.4 hours. Estimation validation will get optimum levels or more than 90% will be produced using the α-amylase enzyme of 2.63% and hydrolyzed for 2 hours.
Physical Characteristics of Emulsion-Type Sausage from Lamb Meat with Varying Fat Levels
Authors: Iswoyo  , Sumarmono J , Setyawardani T
Published: May 2023

The study aims to develop processed lamb products in emulsion-type sausages with variations in fat content. Treatments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), and each treatment had four replicates. The emulsion-type sausage was manufactured from Batur lamb meat mixed with lamb fat at varying proportions (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 percent). The ingredients added were salt 2 percent, dextrose 0.5 percent, garlic powder 0.5 percent, pepper powder 0.5 percent, paprika powder 0.3 percent, and chili powder 0.5 percent (w/w). Meat, fat, and other ingredients were mixed, emulsified, and then stuffed into collagen casings. The sausages were cooked for 45 minutes. The variable measured included pH, cooking losses, and tenderness of the sausages. Results showed that fat level in sausage mixes produced sausages with significant pH variation. The cooking losses and tenderness of the sausages were barely changed. This study concludes that adding 10 percent of lamb fat into sausage mixes produces emulsion-type sausages of the most optimum quality.
The Effect of Different in Liquid Egg Yolk Storage Temperature on Physical, Chemical, Microbiological and Functional Properties
Authors: Wibowo C. Hari , Sudjatinah
Published: May 2023

The research objective was to determine the effect of differences in liquid egg yolk storage temperature on physical, chemical and functional properties. This research was conducted for 6 (six) months at the Food Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Technology Universitas Semarang. The materials used were 500 eggs, and plastic packing. The equipment used in this study were: egg tray, knife, filter, mixer, container. stainless steel, steam pasteurization equipment, plastic packaging, refrigerator, pH. The experimental design was completely randomized in one direction pattern, with the treatment factor being the storage temperature. The applied treatments were as follows: P2: Storage at chiller temperature (5°C), P3: Storage at refrigerator temperature (10°C), and P4: Storage at freezer temperature (-18°). The treatment was repeated 5 times. Observations were made on fresh conditions, storage time of 14 days and storage time of 28 days. The variables observed were pH,, TPC (total plate count), viscosity, and fat content (%). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance, if there were differences due to the treatment, it was continued with the DMRT test, with a significance value of 5% using SAS software version 9.2. The results showed that there were significant differences in the average values of pH, TPC, viscosity and fat content in both storage for 14 days and 28 days. The lower the storage temperature, the higher the pH value and fat content but the lower the TPC value and viscosity.
Small Hankel operators on generalized weighted Fock spaces
Authors: Cascante Carme , Fàbrega Joan , Pascuas Daniel
Published: May 2023

In this work we characterize the boundedness, compactness and membership in the Schatten class of small Hankel operators on generalized weighted Fock spaces

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p
,
ℓ

(
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F^{p,\ell }_\alpha (\omega )

associated to an

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, for

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.
scME: a dual-modality factor model for single-cell multiomics embedding
Authors: Zhou Bin , Yang Fan , Zeng Feng
Published: May 2023

Motivation

Single-cell multiomics technologies are emerging to characterize different molecular features of cells. This gives rise to an issue of combining various kinds of molecular features to dissect cell heterogeneity. Most single-cell multiomics integration methods focus on shared information among modalities while complementary information specific to each modality is often discarded.

Results

To disentangle and combine shared and complementary information across modalities, we develop a dual-modality factor model named scME by using deep factor modeling. Our results demonstrate that scME can generate a better joint representation of multiple modalities than those generated by other single-cell multiomics integration algorithms, which gives a clear elucidation of nuanced differences among cells. We also demonstrate that the joint representation of multiple modalities yielded by scME can provide salient information to improve both single-cell clustering and cell-type classification. Overall, scME will be an efficient method for combining various kinds of molecular features to facilitate the dissection of cell heterogeneity.

Availability and implementation

The code is public for academic use and available on the GitHub site (https://github.com/bucky527/scME).
itol.toolkit accelerates working with iTOL (Interactive Tree of Life) by an automated generation of annotation files
Authors: Zhou Tong , Xu Kuidong , Zhao Feng , Liu Weiyue , Li Longzhao , Hua Zhongyi , Zhou Xin
Published: May 2023

iTOL is a powerful and comprehensive phylogenetic tree visualization engine. However, adjusting to new templates can be time-consuming, especially when many templates are available. We developed an R package namely itol.toolkit to help users generate all 23 types of annotation files in iTOL. This R package also provides an all-in-one data structure to store data and themes, accelerating the step from metadata to annotation files of iTOL visualizations through automatic workflows.

Availability and implementation

The manual and source code are available at https://github.com/TongZhou2017/itol.toolkit
Surgeon wellbeing in the 21st century
Authors: Marchalik Daniel , Shanafelt Tait D
Published: May 2023

Physician time is under assault. Optimizing surgeons time and maximizing time spent on work that brings them the greatest professional fulfillment should be central tenants of these efforts.
Precision diagnosis and staging of TDP-43 proteinopathies: harnessing the power of artificial intelligence
Authors: Hickman Richard A , Scholz Sonja W
Published: May 2023

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Data-driven neuropathological staging and subtyping of TDP-43 proteinopathies’ by Young et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad145).
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation modulates neural activities during NREM and REM depending on the stimulation phase of slow oscillations and theta waves in the hippocampus
Authors: Dong Shuxun , Xie Zhenyu , Yuan Yi
Published: May 2023

Modulation of the hippocampal neural activity by low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation depends on the phase of theta rhythm and can also regulate sleep rhythm. However, until now, the modulatory effect of ultrasound stimulation on neural activity in different sleep states depending on the phase of local field potential stimulation in the hippocampus was unclear. To answer this question, closed-loop ultrasound stimulation was applied to in-phase (upstate)/out-of-phase slow oscillations in the hippocampus during non-rapid eye movement sleep, and to the peaks and troughs of theta oscillations in the hippocampus during wake in a mouse model. Local field potential of the hippocampus within 3-h after the ultrasound stimulation during light-on sleep cycle was recorded. We found that (i) under slow-oscillation in-phase stimulation, ultrasound stimulation upregulated the non-rapid eye movement ratio and decreased the wake ratio. Furthermore, it increased the ripple density during non-rapid eye movement and enhanced the coupling of the spindle–ripple during non-rapid eye movement as well as the theta–high gamma phase–amplitude coupling during the REM period. In addition, theta during the REM period showed a more stable oscillation mode. (ii) Under slow-oscillation out-of-phase stimulation, ultrasound stimulation increased the density of ripple during non-rapid eye movement and enhanced the theta–high gamma phase–amplitude coupling strength during REM. Furthermore, theta oscillations during REM were significantly slower and showed higher variability. (iii) Under the phase-locked peak and trough stimulation of theta oscillation, ultrasound stimulation increased the ripple density during non-rapid eye movement, weakened the coupling strength of spindle–ripple during non-rapid eye movement, and enhanced theta–high gamma phase–amplitude coupling during REM. However, theta oscillation mode was not changed significantly during REM. The above results suggest that the regulatory effect of ultrasound stimulation on neural activity in different sleep states depends on the stimulation phases of slow oscillations and theta waves in the hippocampus.
Linguistic landscapes tasks in Global Englishes teacher education
Authors: Solmaz Osman
Published: May 2023

This cross-sectional study attempts to investigate the impacts of linguistic landscape (LL) tasks on EFL teacher candidates’ understanding of English in local and global contexts. To this end, three cohorts of student teachers carried out LL fieldwork, uploaded images of English signage to an LL application, Lingscape, and submitted a mini research paper on the use of Englishes. They also wrote a reflective journal featuring a discussion of their experiences. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to interpret the data for the purpose of illustrating major themes emerging from the data. The findings highlighted a heightened awareness among student teachers towards locating and reflecting on Englishes in everyday contexts, an improved understanding of English as a lingua franca and Global Englishes, and their intentions to adopt Global-Englishes-oriented language teaching practices in the future. The study concludes by discussing the implications of this approach, and calls for a wider inclusion of LL-centred tasks in EFL teacher education curricula.