bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Central Asia: Redefining its Cultural Roots
Authors: Dönmez-Colin Gönül
Published: August 2019

CENTRAL ASIA: REDEFINING ITS CULTURAL ROOTS More than a decade after Independence, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, the Central Asian Republics of the former Soviet Union are still trying to establish a solid continuation of their cultural heritage. During the period of transition, lack of legislation in relation to creative organizations has created confusion and insecurity in the cultural sector, which was augmented by a high level of criminality and a low level of wages. In the previous regime, the Soviet State had provided steady finance for filmmaking and oversaw the education of the filmmakers and in return, controlled every aspect of filmmaking. Following Independence, a new culture began to develop in each of the States with very little creative dialogue with their neighbours. Economic crisis has had its repercussions on the film industries and state financed studios lost their support. Faced with serious social, economical and political...
Oneiric Metaphor in Film Theory
Authors: Rascaroli Laura
Published: August 2019

LIKE A DREAM. A CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE ONEIRIC METAPHOR IN FILM THEORY I know it's a cliché to say that films are like dreams -- like a collective unconscious,' Terry began, 'but I was thinking that nobody's ever really followed the idea through. There are different sorts of dreams, aren't there? And so obviously there are horror movies, which are like nightmares, and then there are dirty movies like Deep Throat and Emmanuelle, which are like wet dreams... Then there are remakes, and stories which keep getting told again and again, and those are like recurring dreams. And there are consoling, visionary dreams, like Lost Horizon or The Wizard of Oz. But when a film gets lost, and it's never been shown, and the print goes missing and nobody's ever seen it, that's the most beautiful kind of dream of all. Because that's the kind of dream that...
Heroines of Polish Cinema
Authors: Mazierska Ewa
Published: August 2019

AGNIESZKA AND OTHER SOLIDARITY HEROINES OF POLISH CINEMA Agnieszka is the heroine of two of Andrzej Wajda's films, Człowiek z marmuru (Man of Marble, 1976) and Człowiek z żelaza (Man of Iron, 1981). However, in Man of Iron, Agnieszka has quite a different personality and has a different narrative function, compared with Agnieszka in Man of Marble. What concerns me in this article, is the nature and socio-political background of Agnieszka's creation and her transformation from heroine of Man of Marble to Man of Iron and subsequently her 'post-Wajda incarnations' in later Polish films about the Solidarity movement. "Iron Agnieszka"In Man of Marble, which is set in the mid-1970s, Agnieszka is a final year film college student. She is completing her diploma film, financed by the state television, which also provides her with crew and equipment. Agnieszka decides to make a documentary, entitled Gwiazdy jednego sezonu (Falling...
The Problem of the Literary BioPic
Authors: Murphy A. Mary
Published: August 2019

THE BURGEONING interest in biography, within both popular culture and the academy, combines with the idea of film as a kind of literature to create a new body of texts which warrant study. At issue is the efficacy of film as a medium for telling literary lives, as opposed to other, more public, lives. The literary biopic may be ultimately unsatisfying because the time constraints of film make it inadequate to the demands of thoroughness a literary biography makes. Political lives, or public lives of any kind, lend themselves more easily to a medium which is so public and episodic in its nature but print is an intimate medium. Years of experiences, knowledge, and maturation, which a writer compresses into an art with a built-in slowness to it, perhaps cannot be developed with any fullness through filmable episodes skimmed from the life. As Jack Kerouac said, "Walking on water...
Una necesidad curricular ante los procesos homogeneizantes de la educación contemporánea
Authors: Jiménez Corrales Rafael
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo trata de analizar la creación de las propuestas curriculares como producto de la convergencia de microprocesos institucionales y personales y macroprocesos sociales, lo cual se denomina en la teoría sociológica como desarrollos sintéticos. El escrito parte de la idea de que la creación de productos curriculares sólidos, transita por procesos históricos previos, los cuales son sistematizados e interpretados por los actores sociales en escenarios a veces antagónicos académicamente. Para ilustrar tales procesos, utiliza el ejemplo de la creación de la Maestría en Pedagogía con énfasis en Diversidad en los Procesos Educativos de la División de Educación Básica del Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Educación de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, donde enfatiza en el impacto que los cambios sociales van generando en la discusión académica y cómo esta va convergiendo en la creación de un plan de estudios y en el desarrollo de una carrera.
La diversidad en el aula, el gran desafío en la actualidad. ¿Están el y la docente preparados para enfrentarlo?
Authors: Vásquez Érika
Published: August 2019

En la actualidad, Costa Rica cuenta con una población muy variada de niños y niñas en las aulas que, por factores como la migración, las diferencias socioeconómicas y otras, han convertido el aula en un espacio multicultural. La diversidad en el aula, por lo tanto, es un gran desafío para el y la docente, quienes deben de atender estudiantes con características sumamente variadas y ofrecerles una educación acorde con sus necesidades individuales. El contar con los conocimientos para atender el aula multicultural, es un reto que conlleva un cambio de actitud hacia los “otros”. Esto solamente se puede lograr a través de la aceptación de estos como seres humanos únicos y diferentes, personas que poseen una visión de mundo construida a través de las experiencias vividas a lo largo de su vida, las cuales deben ser tomadas en cuenta a la hora de enseñarles, porque de ello dependerá el éxito o el fracaso que se logre. Por lo anterior, es de suma importancia conocer diferentes enfoques que discuten sobre diversidad y multiculturalidad hoy en día, ya que ofrecen luz para guiarnos en el camino adecuado a seguir para enfrentar esta compleja realidad.
El plurigrado: una práctica pedagógica singular. Argentina
Authors: Fairstein Gabriela A , Pedernera Adriana
Published: August 2019

Recibido 20 de octubre de 2006 • Aprobado 15 de noviembre de 2006 Este artículo se inscribe en el marco de un proyecto de investigación referido a las concepciones del proceso de enseñanza y de aprendizaje de los docentes de escuelas rurales y comprende tres apartados que intentan dar cuenta sobre sus aspectos más relevantes. En primer lugar, se presentan algunas notas relativas al diseño del proyecto; también se fundamenta la relevancia que asume la educación rural como temática que se constituye en objeto de nuestra investigación. A continuación, se describen las características que adopta el mencionado diseño en relación con el abordaje metodológico elaborado e implementado en dos escuelas rurales de la provincia de La Rioja. Finalmente, se intenta caracterizar el aula plurigrado como una práctica pedagógica diferenciada del contexto de la escuela urbana.
Diversity of phenological patterns of Handroanthus ochraceus (Bignoniaceae) in Costa Rica
Authors: Lobo-Segura Jorge-Arturo
Published: August 2019

The study of phenological patterns in plant communities is of vital importance for understanding the temporal cycles of ecosystems, but there is little information on the diversity of phenological patterns that can occur at the intraspecific level, as well as the genetic or environmental factors causing this variation. In Handroanthus ochraceus, a deciduous tree species of neotropical dry forests, ecophysiological studies have proposed the release of water stress as the mechanism that triggers flowering and the sprouting of new leaves. During four years, I observed the cycles of leaf fall, flowering, fruiting, and new leaf production in seven Costa Rican sites that differed in their proximity to water courses and in soil moisture. Six were located in dry forest areas, and one in premontane forest. There were two general phenological patterns: the explosive, where trees depend on the first rains for floral anthesis and the expansion of leaf meristems, and the staggered pattern, with unsynchronized flowering at the beginning and middle of the dry season, independently of rainfall. Although this phenological variation has been previously recognized, the occurrence of these two patterns is not determined by the proximity of water courses, contradicting phenological models proposed for this tree species.
Effect of El Niño and La Niña on abundance of frugivorous and nectarivorous terrestrial birds in three tropical forests
Authors: Barrantes Gilbert  , Sandoval Luis
Published: August 2019

El Niño and La Niña climatic oscillations have dramatic effects on population dynamics and community structure of different animals. For marine birds, El Niño phenomenon drastically increases their mortality and reduces their reproductive success. In terrestrial ecosystems, the lack of long-term longitudinal data limits our understanding of the impact of El Niño and La Niña on bird populations and communities. We analyzed changes in abundance of frugivorous (large, medium, and small) and nectarivorous birds on three tropical forest types (lowland, premontane and montane) during El Niño, La Niña and neutral years using data from 16 Christmas’ Bird Counts in Costa Rica. Abundance of large and medium size frugivores increased during La Niña events, and the abundance of nectarivores during El Niño in the lowland forest, but neither of these events affected the abundance of small frugivores. In the montane forest, abundance of all four bird groups increased during El Niño, but decreased during La Niña events. Abundance of large, and small frugivores increased in the premontane forest during La Niña events, but other bird groups were not affected by La Niña. The abundance of small frugivores also increased during El Niño. We hypothesize that changes in abundance of frugivores and nectarivores during La Niña and El Niño events is probably correlated with fluctuations in food resources as it has been reported for other terrestrial tropical ecosystems.
Authentic Leadership: A Theoretical Thematic Analysis of the Contemporary Brazilian Leader’s Speech
Authors: Campos Maria Isabel de , Rueda Fabián Javier Marín
Published: August 2019

Abstract Authentic leadership has been prominent in research of organizational behavior since the beginning of this century. This study aimed to investigate the congruence between the theory of authentic leadership, in the form as condensed by some scholars of the area, and the discourse of the contemporary Brazilian leader. Ten professionals with experience in leadership positions participated. This is a qualitative study that used a structured interview for data collection and theoretical thematic analysis for the treatment of the data. The testimonies allowed to discriminate typical discourses of authentic and non-authentic leaders in a congruent way to the theory, regarding the definitions of the components of authentic leadership. We concluded that the findings contribute to the evolution of the construct and provide insights for the continuity of research in the area, suggesting a focus on longitudinal studies.
O ensino das partículas modais alemãs: estratégias didáticas em ALE
Authors: Aquino Marceli Cherchiglia
Published: August 2019

RESUMO A investigação das partículas modais alemãs (doravante PMs) vem ganhando cada vez mais atenção no ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira (ALE). As dificuldades de aquisição das PMs podem ser superadas com a aplicação de estratégias didáticas, como: a análise contextual, a qual são diretamente dependentes; o conhecimento da função nuclear de cada PM; a distinção de seus homônimos; intenções e expectativas dos interlocutores; a análise contrastiva dos equivalentes funcionais em português. Assim, as PMs devem ser analisadas considerando seus aspectos gramaticais e pragmáticos. Oferecemos neste trabalho soluções didáticas e sugestões de materiais (filmes e quadrinhos) para a mediação das PMs em ALE para brasileiros, incentivando o desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas.
Enunciado emotivo e impacto sociointerativo: um estudo de caso em contexto francófono
Authors: Oliveira Ruth de
Published: August 2019

RESUMO Este trabalho é uma contribuição ao estudo das emoções no discurso e seu impacto sociointerativo, tomando as emoções como constitutivas das relações de troca, numa abordagem discursiva. A partir da análise de interações verbais observadas e repertoriadas em contexto francófono (DE OLIVEIRA, 2014, 2015): (i) associamos a deslocação pronominal à direita (LAMBRECHT, 1994; NØLKE, 1997) ao sentimento de aborrecimento do locutor (PLANTIN; DOURY; TRAVERSO, 2000; PLANTIN, 2011); (ii) mostramos de que maneira esse comportamento linguístico (global → particular) é incompatível com o contrato de cooperação (GRICE, 1975); e (iii) postulamos sobre as consequências negativas desse comportamento nas relações entre os participantes das trocas (JOBERT, 2010; KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, 2010). As marcas linguísticas da presença do sujeito discursivo possibilitam especular sobre a imagem que ele dá de si (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987). Por fundamentar-se na linguística aplicada, esta proposta visa atuar na conscientização dos locutores sobre o poder e o impacto da linguagem nas práticas cotidianas.
Identidade, representações e performatividade: palavras, ações e crucificação na Parada Gay em São Paulo
Authors: Rocha Daniella Corcioli Azevedo
Published: August 2019

RESUMO É objetivo deste relato de pesquisa investigar e discutir as implicações de comentários hostis e ofensivos de diferentes internautas às formas de representação da encenação da crucificação de Cristo pela modelo Viviany Beleboni na Parada Gay de São Paulo, em junho de 2015. Além dos conceitos relacionados à representação e à identidade, de Hall (2008) e de Woodward (2008), durante a análise dos dados foram mobilizados também os estudos de atos de fala e de performatividade de Austin (1962) e Rajagopalan (2012). Os resultados desta pesquisa corroboram os pressupostos teóricos utilizados, segundo os quais a linguagem serve para alterar e criar realidades, e não somente para descrevê-la ou representá-la. O presente estudo permitiu também evidenciar como a dicotomização de diferentes aspectos identitários pode beneficiar um grupo em detrimento de outros.
CONFIGURATIONS OF KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: ALVES ANDRE CHERUBINI , FISCHER BRUNO , VONORTAS NICHOLAS SPYRIDON , QUEIROZ SÉRGIO ROBLES REIS DE
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT The dominant discourse on Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) remains focused on the profile of a handful of successful locations. This has hindered a deeper comprehension of the economic mechanisms that shape evolutionary trends in entrepreneurial activity and how they operate in distinct places. We propose that EE have regularities, but they can also assume different configurations, i.e., varying combinations of influential dimensions. Through fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, we address this issue with data from the State of São Paulo, Brazil. This research focuses on five EE dimensions: Science & Technology, Human Capital, Market Dynamics, Business Dynamics, and Infrastructure. Findings point at the heterogeneous nature of EE distributed in three different paths. While configurations’ vary in terms of causal conditions, research universities, knowledge-intensive jobs and wider credit operations are core-causal conditions. Proximity to the main economic hub appears as a key differentiator among ecosystems.
Ovicidal and larvicidal potential of Rosmarinus officinalis to control gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
Authors: Pinto Natália Berne , Castro Leonardo Mortagua de , Azambuja Rosária Helena Machado , Capella Gabriela de Almeida , Moura Micaele Quintana de , Terto Wesley Douglas , Freitag Rogério Antonio , Jeske Sabrina Taiza , Villela Marcos Marreiro , Cleff Marlete Brum , Leite Fábio Pereira Leivas
Published: August 2019

Abstract Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection (GIN) are the main constraint to the production of small ruminants. Studies of medicinal plants have been an important alternative in the effort to control these parasites. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. The oil was extracted, analyzed by gas chromatography and tested on GIN eggs and larvae in six concentrations, 227.5mg/mL, 113.7mg/mL, 56.8mg/mL, 28.4mg/mL, 14.2mg/mL and 7.1mg/mL. To determine the ovicidal activity, GIN eggs were recovered from sheep feces and incubated for 48h with different concentrations of the oil. For the evaluation of larval migration, third-stage larvae (L3) were obtained by fecal culture, and associated with the essential oil for 24h at the same concentrations, after which they were left for another 24 hours on microsieves, followed by the count of migrating and non-migrating larvae. The assays of R. officinalis oil showed a significant (p<0.05) 97.4% to 100% inhibition of egg hatching and a significant (p<0.05) 20% to 74% inhibition of larval migration. The main constituent revealed by gas chromatography was Eucalyptol. The results indicate that R. officinalis essential oil has ovicidal and larvicidal activity on sheep GINs.
Identification of Sindhi cows that are susceptible or resistant to Haematobia irritans
Authors: Medeiros Márcia Alves de , Barros Antonio Thadeu Medeiros de , Riet-Correa Franklin , Marques Ana Rita , Lopes José Radmácyo Gomes , Vieira Vanessa Diniz , Miraballes Cecilia
Published: August 2019

Abstract To identify susceptible and resistant Haematobia irritans cows, horn flies were counted biweekly for 3 years in a herd of 25 Sindhi cows. Repeated measures linear mixed models were created including cow as a random factor. The results were analyzed by: 1) observing horn fly counts, considering fly-susceptible cows with infestations appearing in the upper quartile more than 50% of the weeks and in the lower quartile less than 20% of the weeks, and fly-resistant cows those that the number of flies was in the lower quartile more than 50% of the weeks and in the upper quartile less than 20%; 2) by the best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs), to evaluate the cow effect on fly counts. Fly-susceptible cows were those in which the infestation appeared in the 90th percentile of the BLUPs, whereas fly-resistant cows appeared in the 10th percentile. For the observational method the individuals identified as resistant varied between 8% and 20% and 8% to 12% were susceptible. For the BLUP method, the rates of susceptible and resistant cows were 12%. The agreement among methods suggests that susceptible cows can be identified by observations of fly counts, allowing for selective breeding, culling or treatment.
Self-Adversarially Learned Bayesian Sampling
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Jianyi , Chen Changyou
Published: August 2019

Scalable Bayesian sampling is playing an important role in modern machine learning, especially in the fast-developed unsupervised-(deep)-learning models. While tremendous progresses have been achieved via scalable Bayesian sampling such as stochastic gradient MCMC (SG-MCMC) and Stein variational gradient descent (SVGD), the generated samples are typically highly correlated. Moreover, their sample-generation processes are often criticized to be inefficient. In this paper, we propose a novel self-adversarial learning framework that automatically learns a conditional generator to mimic the behavior of a Markov kernel (transition kernel). High-quality samples can be efficiently generated by direct forward passes though a learned generator. Most importantly, the learning process adopts a self-learning paradigm, requiring no information on existing Markov kernels, e.g., knowledge of how to draw samples from them. Specifically, our framework learns to use current samples, either from the generator or pre-provided training data, to update the generator such that the generated samples progressively approach a target distribution, thus it is called self-learning. Experiments on both synthetic and real datasets verify advantages of our framework, outperforming related methods in terms of both sampling efficiency and sample quality.
Bayesian Execution Skill Estimation
Authors: Archibald Christopher , Nieves-Rivera Delma
Published: August 2019

The performance of agents in many domains with continuous action spaces depends not only on their ability to select good actions to execute, but also on their ability to execute planned actions precisely. This ability, which has been called an agent’s execution skill, is an important characteristic of an agent which can have a significant impact on their success. In this paper, we address the problem of estimating the execution skill of an agent given observations of that agent acting in a domain. Each observation includes the executed action and a description of the state in which the action was executed and the reward received, but notably excludes the action that the agent intended to execute. We previously introduced this problem and demonstrated that estimating an agent’s execution skill is possible under certain conditions. Our previous method focused entirely on the reward that the agent received from executed actions and assumed that the agent was able to select the optimal action for each state. This paper addresses the execution skill estimation problem from an entirely different perspective, focusing instead on the action that was executed. We present a Bayesian framework for reasoning about action observations and show that it is able to outperform previous methods under the same conditions. We also show that the flexibility of this framework allows it to be applied in settings where the previous limiting assumptions are not met. The success of the proposed method is demonstrated experimentally in a toy domain as well as the domain of computational billiards.
Large Scale Learning of Agent Rationality in Two-Player Zero-Sum Games
Authors: Ling Chun Kai , Fang Fei , Kolter J. Zico
Published: August 2019

With the recent advances in solving large, zero-sum extensive form games, there is a growing interest in the inverse problem of inferring underlying game parameters given only access to agent actions. Although a recent work provides a powerful differentiable end-to-end learning frameworks which embed a game solver within a deep-learning framework, allowing unknown game parameters to be learned via backpropagation, this framework faces significant limitations when applied to boundedly rational human agents and large scale problems, leading to poor practicality. In this paper, we address these limitations and propose a framework that is applicable for more practical settings. First, seeking to learn the rationality of human agents in complex two-player zero-sum games, we draw upon well-known ideas in decision theory to obtain a concise and interpretable agent behavior model, and derive solvers and gradients for end-to-end learning. Second, to scale up to large, real-world scenarios, we propose an efficient first-order primal-dual method which exploits the structure of extensive-form games, yielding significantly faster computation for both game solving and gradient computation. When tested on randomly generated games, we report speedups of orders of magnitude over previous approaches. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on both real-world one-player settings and synthetic data.
Una metodología de posicionamiento cooperativo diferencial para el posicionamiento de dispositivos múltiples
Authors: Trigos Guevara William Javier , Pedraza Ferreira Gabriel , Ramos Pollan Raúl
Published: August 2019

Introducción: esta publicación es el producto de una investigación del grupo de investigación de computación avanzada y en gran escala (Cage) de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, a lo largo de 2018. Objetivo: Se propone un algoritmo de posicionamiento cooperativo en el que un conjunto de dispositivos intercambia observables satelitales, y estimaciones de distancia entre dispositivos GPS cercanos, con el objetivo de aumentar su precisión de posicionamiento. Metodología: se establecen escenarios donde los receptores de GPS intercambian información satelital, y utilizan diferentes modelos de corrección ionosférica con el fin de evaluar las condiciones en que es posible mejorar la precisión en posicionamiento. Conclusiones: El algoritmo propuesto produce una mayor precisión cuando todos los receptores emplean el mismo modelo de corrección ionosférica. Además, el nivel de incertidumbre en la medida de distancia entre dispositivos no presenta mayor influencia sobre la mejora de la precisión, cuando la separación entre receptores es muy grande. Originalidad: el algoritmo propuesto permite explotar la naturaleza del problema sin aumentar la complejidad a nivel de hardware y software, y se ofrece como una alternativa de solución de posicionamiento cooperativo de bajo costo. Limitación: Los resultados exponen la ejecución del algoritmo cooperativo utilizando archivos Rinex de estaciones de referencia gnss. Por lo tanto, para los escenarios en que la distancia de separación entre estaciones es muy alta, los niveles de error en posicionamiento pueden ser elevados.
Green Supplier Selection via an Integrated Multi-Attribute Decision Making Approach
Authors: YALCİN Ahmet Selcuk , KİLİC Huseyin Selcuk
Published: August 2019

The environmental awareness of society and the
global competition market has increased significantly due to the environmental
problems that happen today. Companies have recognized the importance of
focusing on environmental issues in order to be strong in a modern competitive
business environment. Therefore, environmental factors are taken into
consideration during the supplier selection process, which is an important
decision point in the supply chain. In this study, two robust multi-attribute
decision making techniques, Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP (IF-AHP) and PROMETHEE,
are used in an integrated way to better handle this selection problem. The steps
are clearly explained in the proposed methodology. First, the relative weights
of the criteria are determined by IF-AHP, which allows decision makers (DMs) to
deal with the uncertainty of the evaluation process. Subsequently, the weights
of criteria obtained are used in the PROMETHEE method for the best ranking of
alternative suppliers. An application is performed in the air filtration
industry to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Streptavidin yielding with Ponceau v1
Authors: De Las Casas Manuela
Published: August 2019

The aim is to see if the streptavidin binds correctly to the nitrocelullose membrane. Only after achieving a positive result is recommended to proceed to the next step (the dot blot).
Streptavidin dot blot with aptamers v1
Authors: De Las Casas Manuela
Published: August 2019

The aim of this protocol is to check the efficiency of the detection system that will be present in the strips. The result expected is a good binding between the streptavidin and the aptamers, great hybridization between both aptamers and a clear visible result when yielding with peroxidase.
Noninvasive investigation of the cardiodynamic response to 6MWT in people with stroke using impedance cardiography v1
Authors: YM YM YM Jones Alice , Liu Fang , CC Tsang Raymond , Wang Yao , Zhou Jing , Zhou Mingchao , Wang Yulong
Published: August 2019

This protocol describes the procedures adopted in a study which aimed to investigate cardiodynamic response (HR, SV, CO, CI) to a 6MWT using impedance cardiography in a cohort of people with stroke. Title of this study: Noninvasive investigation of the cardiodynamic response to 6MWT in people with stroke using impedance cardiography Fang Liu1, Alice YM Jones2,3, Raymond CC Tsang4, Yao Wang1,5, Jing Zhou1, Mingchao Zhou1, Yulong Wang1
Fatores predisponentes de tuberculose em indivíduos privados de liberdade: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Bruno Neves da , Temoteo Rayrla Cristina De Abreu , Véras Gerlane Cristinne Bertino , Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira
Published: August 2019

Introdução: O ambiente prisional proporciona predisposição de diversas doenças, como é o caso da tuberculose, cujo risco de adoecimento aumenta em 28 vezes no interior das prisões. Objetivo: Integrar os fatores causadores de tuberculose em indivíduos privados de liberdade, mencionados na literatura nacional e internacional. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e PUBMED nos meses de abril a junho de 2017. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 12 estudos. Os resultados permitiram constatar que o uso de drogas ilícitas injetáveis, o tempo de encarceramento, o compartilhamento de cela com outros detentos e a coinfecção HIV/TB foram os principais fatores relacionados ao adoecimento por tuberculose na população penitenciária. Ademais, a tuberculose pulmonar foi o principal achado dentro do ambiente prisional, seguida pela infecção latente por tuberculose. Conclusão: O controle da tuberculose é uma necessidade urgente na sociedade. O desenvolvimento de programas de controle desta, bem como a instalação de serviços de saúde efetivos, que promovam um cuidado integral e a prevenção e promoção, assim como a reabilitação da saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade constitui-se em uma necessidade imperiosa no contexto prisional.
PATTERNS OF TIES BETWEEN THICKNESS AND SPREADING OF TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINIAN SHIELD IN THE NORTH
Authors: Baran A.
Published: August 2019

This article focuses on identifying patterns typical for formations of sediment stratum that covers crystalline foundation in the north of Ukrainian shield, and on their basisfinding new methods that could be used during regional research, and also while exploring and prospecting sediment minerals fields. In particular, there are researches of statistical relations between average thickness and spreading of terrigenous sediments using the example of two territories situated on Novograd block of Volyn mega block and Fastiv block of Rosynsk-Tikytsk mega block. For this purpose, method of double correlation analysis was used. It was found out that there are various correlation connections between these indexes for the whole stratum, Quaternary and Neogene deposits. Part of them has strong and very strong relative connections. The following pattern was identified: in relatively well sorted or not sorted sediments correlational connection between thickness and spreading is always stronger than in all the sediments together in the case when they form the bigger part of sediment stratum volume or the volume of its researched part. Thus, one of the main factors that influence the correlational connections between thickness and spreading of all the sediment stratum or its part is their sorted or unsorted state. The information about existence of strong correlation connections between thickness and spreading of sediments of all the sediment stratum or its part can makegeological or sedimentological maps more substantial if they reflect spreading of these sediments. In this case according to the region of spreading of a sediment one can make at least qualitative evaluation of its average thickness, and thus its volume on the territory that is shown on the map. The identified pattern can be used while calculating projected resources of some minerals in some fields, zones, areas of their spreading. First of all, it concerns minerals that form separate horizons. They are secondary kaolin, expanded and bentonite clay, brown coal etc. With the help of this pattern one can calculate mineragenic potential in separate topographical sheets, administrative and geomorphological areas etc. The research of correlation connections between sediment thickness and spreading on the other mega blocks of Ukrainian shield and other regions may be perspective.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETITE AND QUARTZ IN THE PRODUCTIVE STRATA OF NORTHERN DISTRICT OF KRYVYI RIH BASIN
Authors: Тіkhlivets S.
Published: August 2019

Currently, the main task for the geological service of Hannivka deposit of the Northern Ore Mining and Processing Works is to ensure the Ore Mining and Processing Works with raw materials, which allows receiving high-quality iron ore concentrate that meets the requirements of the world market. It is only possible to meet this challenge taking into account the morphological features of the main rock-forming minerals, and as a consequence, the natural capabilities of the ores, their dressability by increasing the efficiency of the blending ores of various mineral varieties and of different technological potential, in order to achieve the optimal composition of the ore mixture, which is fed to the beneficiation plant.

Morphological studies of the main minerals in unchanged and metasomatically altered ferruginous quartzites were performed according to the standard method. Measurement of the magnetite and quartz grain sizes was carried out using an eyepiece micrometer mounted on a mineralographic microscope. The determining of their average indexes was carried out with the use of mathematical methods.

The results of the study of the main morphological characteristics of iron ore-bearing minerals and their variations, depending on the location within the unchanged and metasomatically altered ferruginous quartz of Hannivka deposits at Northern region are represented. The results of the study of the dihedral angles of magnetite and quartz crystals, changes in the particle size distribution of these minerals, depending on the imposed geological processes on the banded-iron formation of Kryvyi Rig basin are shown.

The scientific novelty consists in detailed conducting of mineralogical researches of the magnetite and quartz morphological features depending on their location in the section of the banded-iron formation of the Kryvyi Rih basin and in the further utilization of these results in topominerological mapping of the Northern region.

The obtained variability of the main minerals' morphology of the ore-bearing strata must be taken into account in the mineral mapping of the deposit and the Northern region of the Kryvyi Rih basin in general, when specifying the mineral-technological classification of ores and the blended mineral varieties of ores before feeding to the beneficiation plant.
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOIL AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN EROSION STUDIES
Authors: Kruglov O. , Menshov О. , Nazarok P. , Kolada L. , Kolada V. , Achasova A.
Published: August 2019

Water erosion of the soil is a major factor in the degradation of agricultural land in Ukraine. About 13 million hectares of arable land need additional protection. The study of the influence of the mentioned hazard processes is important both for the scientists and land endusers. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the possibilities of soil magnetic susceptibility mapping in erosion studies. The comparison with traditional methods is implemented. The studies were carried out at the territory of Farm Enterprise "Phoenix" of the Bliznyukovsky district of the Kharkiv region at the distance of 6 km to the southeast of the Lozova. The study site is used for crop production. The relief of the site is complicated by the developed ravine network. The soil is ordinary chernozems (Haplic Chernozems in WRB classification). We have registered high correlation between magnetic susceptibility (MS) of the studied chernozems and humus content (organic matter). The Spearman correlation coefficient slightly depends on the frequency magnetic susceptibility coefficient. The results give the opportunity to recommend soil MS studies as the additional tool in soil erosion mapping. The magnetic measurements are expensive and fast for the humus (organic matter) identification of eroded soil. The relation of the values of soil MS and the value of potential soil loss at the studied area was low. The study of the magnetic mineralogy confirmed the absence of the anthropogenic soil pollution. We confirmed this by the values of the frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility which were above 6. The domination of the superparamagnetic (SP) grains with the size less than 20 nm was confirmed by the values of the frequency dependence of magnetic too. The majority of the MS values are 10-20. The magnetic minerals of the studied soil have been formed in real time under the pedogenic (natural soil formation) process.
Effect of vitamin D on depression: an experimental study
Authors: Kolla Rohan , Majagi Suneel I.
Published: August 2019

Background: There is a scarcity of studies regarding antidepressant activity of vitamin D in animals while there are some contradictory reports regarding the same in humans. Therefore the present study was planned to investigate the antidepressant effect of vitamin D and its interaction with standard antidepressant drugs in animals.Methods: Forced swim test (FST) in adult male Wistar rats and tail suspension test (TST) in adult male Swiss albino mice were used to investigate antidepressant activity of vitamin D administered in single dose and multiple doses. Imipramine, a tri-cyclic antidepressant and fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor were used as standard antidepressant drugs. For interaction studies, half the therapeutic equivalent dose of vitamin D was combined with sub-effective dose (SED) of imipramine or fluoxetine. Data was expressed as Mean±SD and analyzed by standard statistical tests. P<0.05= significant. Present study was ethically approved.Results: Single dose administration of vitamin D did not show significant antidepressant effect either in FST or TST. Multiple dose administration of vitamin D showed significant antidepressant activity in TST but not in FST. Combination of vitamin D (half dose) with SED of either standard antidepressant drugs did not show any significant antidepressant activity. None of the treatment groups showed any significant difference on locomotor activity.Conclusions: In the present study, multiple dose administration of vitamin D showed some antidepressant activity. Further studies are needed to confirm and elaborate the role of vitamin D in behavioral disorders like depression.
Antimicrobial usage and its quantification for neonatal sepsis at a tertiary care hospital neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Kumari Manjari , Chatterjee Suparna , Som Tapas , Chattopadhyay Pinaki
Published: August 2019

Background: Antimicrobial therapy for neonatal sepsis is challenging as its judicious use can save neonates while its inappropriate use can lead to rapid emergence of resistant strains. Quantification of consumption of antimicrobial agents (AMA) has not been undertaken in Indian neonatal intensive care units (NICU) setting. This prospective observational study evaluated the antimicrobial prescribing pattern and quantified its consumption in clinically suspected neonatal sepsis (NS) cases.Methods: Clinically suspected NS cases admitted over study period of 18 months in a tertiary care level III NICU were enrolled. Data of antimicrobials prescribed, its consumption, culture sensitivity profile of organisms isolated were collected.Consumption was quantified by computing the days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient-days (PD).Results: 150 clinically suspected NS cases were enrolled; 37.33% were culture positive. The most common AMA prescribed were netilmicin (94.67%), piperacillin-tazobactam (88.67%). Only 0.67% cases received reserve antimicrobials like colistin, vancomycin and linezolid. 58% received 2 AMA, 39.33% received ≥3 agents. Total antimicrobial consumption was 614.86 DOT/1000 PD and 21.68 DOT/ neonate. Statistically significant difference in total AMA consumption amongst culture positive versus negative cases (p <0.001) was observed but difference was not significant in EOS versus LOS (p=0.95).Conclusion: Usage of antimicrobials for neonatal sepsis was guided by sensitivity pattern of local prevalent flora and clinical response. Usage of reserve antimicrobials were restricted. However, consumption of AB was higher compared to developed countries and we intend to use the study outcome data for antibiotic stewardship program to reduce antibiotic consumption and modify prescribing trends at the study setting.
Comparison of safety pattern of drugs used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: B. Dharmaraj , L. M. Abhijith , K. Jagadeesh , S. Basavaraj
Published: August 2019

Background: As per GOLD (Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease) guidelines bronchodilators are required for symptomatic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Currently there is no evidence to say about the safety of fixed dose combinations used in COPD patients. Since the drugs are to be taken for longer period, it is essential to know the safety aspects of these drugs. Moreover we don’t have adequate studies and documentation to say that a particular drug combination is better and safer for COPD patients.Methods: Prospective, open labelled, randomized, comparative, interventional clinical study conducted by the Departments of Pharmacology and Pulmonary Medicine of Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga in 40 COPD patients.Results: The fixed dose combinations of drugs used in both the treatment groups i.e. salmeterol/fluticasone and tiotropium/formoterol were equally safer and well tolerated. Some side effects noticed during the course of treatment were statistically significant when compared between the 2 groups, however they were milder and predictable adverse drug reactions.Conclusions: Systemic and severe adverse drug reactions were not observed during 8 week treatment period and the local side effects observed were mild in both the treatment groups. Hence the fixed dose combinations of salmeterol or fluticasone and tiotropium or formoterol are found to be safer for maintenance therapy in COPD patients.
Prescription auditing and observational study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Gari Manju , Varshney Manisha , Lal Shreya
Published: August 2019

Background: Prescription is an important document written by a doctor which if not written properly can lead to various problems such as adverse drug reactions in patients, incompatibility to follow the instructions to take timely medications and sometimes over dosage due to improper prescription can even lead to death of the patient.Methods: This prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 6 months. The study was conducted in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi. Various prescriptions were collected from outpatient care facilities of a tertiary care hospital. Results were analyzed and assessed on 150 prescriptions collected.Results: Total 150 prescriptions were evaluated out of which 49.3% were males and 50.7% were females. Various parameters were assessed during the study which showed that there is still a scope of improvement in prescribing patterns in areas of writing complete prescriptions, prescribing generic medications and mentioning drug dosage forms as well as time of administration in each prescription.Conclusions: The results showed there is still a scope of improvement in writing practices of prescription. The doctor should incur the habit of writing generic names of drug in every prescription. They should adopt proper handwriting skills and no mistakes should be done in a prescription. A good prescription written by a doctor will help in legible practice and will also be very helpful in patient’s care.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of painful knee joint: an experience form a rural medical college of West Bengal, India
Authors: Nandy Debabrata , Sinha Nirmalya
Published: August 2019

Background: Painful knee is considered as one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability affecting all age group. It happens due to varied reasons ranged from injury to various disease processes. The present study documented the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in painful knee.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 painful knee patients referred to the Radiodiagnosis department of the Midnapore Medical College of West Bengal for evaluation. MRI scans performed using GE 1.5 Tesla  MRI scanner. Results were expressed in terms of numbers and proportions.Results: The commonest soft tissue lesion found was meniscal tears which mainly involved posterior horn of the medial meniscus and of grade 2 nature. In case of any injury, vertical meniscal tear was found the commonest type. Tear was found the commonest lesion involved the anterior-cruciate ligament (ACL), mostly acute in nature while partial tear commonly found in posterior-cruciate ligament (PCL). Nearly one-third (30%) had features of bone contusions; mostly tibia followed by lateral femoral condyle. Popliteal cyst was the commonest cystic lesion and was associated with effusions and meniscal tears while patello-femoral compartment mostly involved by the osteo-arthritic process.Conclusions: MRI is an ideal, non-invasive and more precised imaging technique for the radiological evaluate of the painful knee condition for better clinical management.
Neovascularization: topical effects of streptococcus thermophilus and low level laser therapy in treatment of diabetic wound in rats
Authors: Kumari Devi , Khan Hina , Jiskani Asad R. , Rafique Muhammad , Asif Muhammad , Kumar Vijay , Maqsood Syed
Published: August 2019

Background: Diabetic wound is a major socioeconomic debilitating problem in this society. Various treatment options are available but still it requires better treatment option. In diabetes mellitus the oxygenation to the tissues is reduced. In this study effects of low level laser therapy were compared with topical application of Streptococcus thermophilus on diabetic wounds that induces formation of new blood vessel and free radical scavenging system, a comparative study to get better treatment option for diabetic wounds.Methods: 18 male rats were selected and divided randomly into three groups. Diabetes was induced in all the rats by using the Alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 120mg/kg of the body weight. Group A was treated with normal saline, group B was treated with low level laser therapy and group C was treated with Streptococcus thermophilus topically. Skin tissues were collected on day three and seven, slides were prepared for microscopic examination to observe the new blood vessels formation.Results: Mean number of new blood vessel formation was observed in group B compared with group A and C. Significant vasculogenesis was seen in group B when treated with Low level laser therapy.Conclusions: In the group of low level laser therapy new blood vessel formation was seen with better wound healing. It means LLLT provides better oxygenation to the tissues by generation of new blood vessels compared with Streptococcus thermophilus and normal saline.