bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approach to quantify the resistance of polymeric foams against thermal load under compression
Authors: Himmelsbach Andreas , Standau Tobias , Meuchelböck Johannes , Altstädt Volker , Ruckdäschel Holger
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, numerous techniques are used to quantify the resistance of cellular polymers against a thermal load. These techniques differ in significance and reproducibility and are all dependent on foam density, structure (i.e., cell size and -distribution) and sample geometry. Very different behaviors are expected for extrusion- and bead foams, as well as for amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers. Moreover, established tests use temperature ramps which would lead to temperature gradients within the sample and thus to faulty results. In this study, we developed a new approach from an engineering perspective to minimize these influences. In this approach, the resistance against the thermal load is derived from a steady creep test with defined temperature steps under a mechanical load, which is specifically set for each foam sample depending on its static compression behavior at room temperature. The two-stage test therefore combines (i) a standard quasi-static compression test at room temperature and (ii) a creep test with stepwise increased thermal loading. For each foam type, a rather low mechanical load (stress) is determined from the quasi-static compression test at room temperature; low enough to remain below the collapse strength and avoid irreversible deformation (i.e., buckling and/or breaking of the cell walls). This load is then applied in a creep test where the temperature is increased in defined steps from room temperature to a temperature close to T

g
or T

m
. The stepwise increase and holding of the temperature for a defined time enables a homogeneous temperature in the test specimen. The approach was applied to (i) polystyrene extrusion and bead foams (i.e., XPS and EPS), which have different foam structure, (ii) amorphous and semi-crystalline bead foams of polystyrene (EPS) and polypropylene (EPP), (iii) bead foams with different densities (30, 60, 120, and 210 kg/m3) and (iv) to a new type of bead foam made of the engineering polymer polybutylene terephthalate (E-PBT). The termination criterion for the test is defined as the temperature at which a relative compression of 10% is reached in the creep test with temperature steps. We suggest calling it the heat stability temperature T
HS. For the studied foams, the procedure delivers characteristic T
HS values that allow a good comparison between different polymer matrices and densities. The heat stability temperature T
HS of amorphous PS foams (i.e., XPS and EPS) was determined to be 98 °C, which is close to the glass transition temperature T

g
. Using the same approach, values of 99–107 °C were determined for EPP and 186 °C for the semi-crystalline bead foam E-PBT.
Reliability of conditioned pain modulation in healthy individuals and chronic pain patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nuwailati Rania , Bobos Pavlos , Drangsholt Mark , Curatolo Michele
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a psychophysical parameter that is used to reflect the efficacy of endogenous pain inhibition. CPM reliability is important for research and potential clinical applications. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the reliability of CPM tests in healthy individuals and chronic pain patients.

Methods

We searched three databases for peer-reviewed studies published from inception to October 2020: EMBASE, Web of Science and NCBI. Risk of bias and the quality of the included studies were assessed. A meta-analysis with a random effects model was conducted to estimate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results

Meta-analysis was performed on 25 papers that examined healthy participants (k=21) or chronic pain patients (k=4). The highest CPM intra-session reliability was with pressure as test stimulus (TS) and ischemic pressure (IP) or cold pressor test (CPT) as conditioning stimulus (CS) in healthy individuals (ICC 0.64, 95% CI 0.45–0.77), and pressure as TS with CPT as CS in patients (ICC 0.77, 95% CI 0.70–0.82). The highest inter-session ICC was with IP as TS and IP or CPT as CS (ICC 0.51, 95% CI 0.42–0.59) in healthy subjects. The only data available in patients for inter-session reliability were with pressure as TS and CPT as CS (ICC 0.44, 95% CI 0.11–0.69). Quality ranged from very good to excellent using the QACMRR checklist. The majority of the studies (24 out of 25) scored inadequate in Kappa coefficient reporting item of the COSMIN-ROB checklist.

Conclusions

Pressure and CPT were the TS and CS most consistently associated with good to excellent intra-session reliability in healthy volunteers and chronic pain patients. The inter-session reliability was fair or less for all modalities, both in healthy volunteers and chronic pain patients.
Ischemic stroke following STA–MCA double bypass
Authors: Zhao Haijun , Tong Xiaoguang , Wang Xu , Ding Maohua , Zhang Kai
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The surgical technique of STA–MCA double bypass is used to improve blood flow supplied by the distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) to the cerebral territory. This retrospective study from a single center aimed to compare the outcomes following STA–MCA double bypass in 12 patients with recurrent ischemic stroke.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data from patients with internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) who had undergone STA–MCA double bypass in our center from January 2016 to December 2020. The surgical indications, evaluation of circle of Willis (CoW), changes in cerebral hemodynamic, surgical results, and follow-up results were analyzed.

Results

Post-operative perfusion-weighted imaging showed hemodynamic improvement in all 12 patients. Ten patients (83.33%) showed clinical improvement, and 2 patients (16.67%) had stable disease. No intracranial infections or acute ischemic events occurred. The post-operative National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and modified Barther scores were significantly improved after 180 days of follow-up. Twenty three (96%) anastomoses maintain patency of their bypass vessels, and none had recurrent cerebral infarction during a minimum of 36 months follow-up.

Conclusion

In this small study, in patients with recurrent ischemic stroke without other types of treatment, STA–MCA double bypass surgery was more effective in the subgroup of patients with ICAO and poor blood supply to the CoW and an area of cerebral hypoperfusion that exceeded the area supplied by the MCA.
Transdisziplinäre End-of-Life-Analyse von Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Harder Philipp , Dreßler Daniel , Böning Christian , Stonis Malte
Published: February 2022

Für mehr als die Hälfte der ca. 30.000 Windenergieanlagen in Deutschland endet in den kommenden zehn Jahren die 20-jährige EEG-Förderung. Wie technisch-wirtschaftlich optimale Nachnutzungsstrategien aussehen könnten, ist ungeklärt. Das BMWK-Verbundprojekt „TransWind“ verfolgt das Ziel, die End-of-Life-Thematik auf Mikro- und Makroebene transdisziplinär zu analysieren, um Akteure aus Politik, Windbranche sowie Ressourcen- und Kreislaufwirtschaft bei der Auswahl von Nachnutzungsstrategien zu unterstützen.
Anforderungen für den Einsatz von 5G in Produktionsumgebungen
Authors: Boshoff Marius , Miro Michael , Kuhlenkötter Bernd
Published: February 2022

Die sich mittels 5G-Netzwerktechnik ergebenden Möglichkeiten werden zwar vielfach als wegweisend für die Produktionsautomatisierung diskutiert, jedoch fehlen Unternehmen häufig eine objektive Entscheidungsgrundlage und die notwendige Erfahrung, um die Vor und Nachteile bzw. das Einsatzspektrum der Technologie einschätzen zu können. Im Projekt 5Guarantee werden daher Fragen rund um den Einsatz von 5G in der Produktion erörtert und zudem Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Bereich der Robotik analysiert.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Game Day Preparation for Team Sports: A Delphi Study With Expert Consensus
Authors: Mason Billy R.J. , Pumpa Kate L. , McKune Andrew J. , Gill Nicholas D. , Ball Nick B.
Published: February 2022

Mason, BRJ, Pumpa, KL, McKune, AJ, Gill, ND, and Ball, NB. A multidisciplinary approach to game day preparation for team sports: A Delphi study with expert consensus. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1345–1352, 2022—The aim of this study was to identify game day preparation strategies used by performance staff to improve team sport performance and to determine consensus regarding the application and importance of these strategies. Twenty-five performance staff working in high performance or professional team sports participated in this Delphi study, which implemented 3 survey rounds. The first round sought responses to open-ended questions relating to the use of game day preparation strategies. These responses were developed into statements and recirculated (round-2 survey), with subjects asked to rate their level of agreement with each statement. The third and final survey presented revised versions of statements that did not reach a consensus in the previous round, along with new statements derived from subject responses. A thematic analysis of the open-ended responses in the first survey identified 5 key themes relating to game day preparation strategies: “exercise,” “nutrition,” “psychological,” “technical and tactical,” and “other.” The round-2 survey included 38 statements across the 5 themes, with 22 reaching the consensus threshold (≥75%) for agreement. The remaining 16 statements did not reach consensus. The final survey included 18 statements (16 revised and 2 new) with 12 reaching the consensus threshold for agreement. Key preparation strategies identified in this study include structured and progressive warm-ups, strength and power–based priming sessions, individualized nutrition plans, and precooling in hot conditions. Performance staff working in similar environments should consider adopting these strategies to improve athlete or team performance.
Performance Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt Reinforced by Basalt Fibers with Various Diameters
Authors: Kou Changjiang , Wu Xing , Kang Aihong , Xiao Peng , Wu Zhengguang
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the experimental results to investigate the potential effect of fiber diameters on the performance of hot mix asphalt reinforced by basalt fibers (BFs). BFs with different diameters—7, 13, and 25 μm—were mixed into stone mastic asphalt in a dry process to prepare specimens of BF-reinforced hot mix asphalt. Several tests, such as the uniaxial penetration test, low-temperature beam bending test, immersed Marshall test, and semicircular bending (SCB) test were conducted to evaluate the performances of the specimens. Simultaneously with the SCB test, the digital image correlation (DIC) method was adopted to capture the images and further analyze the crack propagation process of the SCB specimens. According to the findings, the optimal asphalt contents became high with smaller fiber diameters. The 7-μm BFs enhanced the performances of BF-reinforced hot mix asphalt well. The crack propagation rate (v) obtained from the DIC method proved that BFs could well defer the propagation of the cracks. The slippage theory further explicated the strengthening mechanism of the BF-reinforced asphalt mixture.
Implant Rehabilitation of Internal Root Resorption after Dental Trauma
Authors: Gabrić Dragana , Vuletić Marko , Baraba Anja , Pelivan Ivica
Published: February 2022

Internal root resorption is a result of complex interaction of resorbing and inflammatory cells which are responsible for progressive destruction of intraradicular dentin along the middle and apical thirds of the canal walls due to osteoclastic action. It is a rare phenomenon that can manifest through a slow or rapid progression. If the IRR is extensive and the prognosis of endodontic treatment questionable, extraction of the tooth with socket preservation is recommended so that further complications can be avoided. After tooth extraction, a series of processes take place including scarring of the alveoli, with an inevitable three-dimensional loss of alveolar bone. Over the years many different techinques of socket preservation and socket grafting have been used, preserving the socket from collapse during normal healing process. A 20-year old female patient was referred by the endodontist to the Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb because of a progressive internal root resorption of upper right lateral incisor and upper left central incisor. She reported trauma in the area of upper incisors in her childhood during playing with peers but without any further consequences until now. After analysing few different solutions, the patient agreed to have her teeth extracted with socket preservation and after healing period of 6 months for the implants to be placed in the extracted site. Dental implants (4.0 mm/12 mm for central incisor; 3.3 mm/12 mm for lateral incisor) were inserted in the positions of the missing teeth. The implants were loaded after 6 months with individual CAD/CAM made zirconia abutments with CAD/CAM made temporary acrylic crowns mainly for emergence profile modelling. Two lithium-disilicate crowns, supported with individual CAD/CAM zirconia abutments served as final restoration. Keywords: Root resorption; Alveolar bone; Socket; Dental implant; Crown;
The Parodontium under Homeostatic Conditions
Authors: Vesna Ambarkova
Published: February 2022

The gingival epithelium is the first line of the host defense, physically impeding the microbial invasion of the periodontal tissues, but there is also a biological action to suppress the spread of pathogenic microbes [1]. In the absence of clinical signs of inflammation, about 30,000 polymorphonuclear leucocytes migrate per minute through the gingival epithelium to the bottom of the gingival sulcus, together with different molecules, which is a host defense system against bacterial invasion [2]. There is a dynamic equilibrium in the host cell bacteria, which can be disrupted by increased accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, or from present factors. The coordinated regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation are events that are controlled by the signaling mechanisms of the host, and it is a tissue homeostasis. These signaling mechanisms in the maintenance of parodontium homeostasis are carried out by regulating epithelial cellular functions, as well as the functions of connective tissue cells and hematopoietic cells [3]. In the early stage of the disease, the first bacteria-mediated cells are parodontium fibroblasts that relieve cytokines and chemo-attributants that are important regulators of the inflammatory process, as well as factors that directly participate in bone metabolism (from Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand, RANKL). These cells also secrete molecules involved in cell migration and extracellular matrix degradation, which in turn leads to further leukocyte infiltration and thereby defense against pathogens, but can also lead to tissue damage [4].
Explore Paleoanthropology Fieldwork
Authors: Montgomery Andrew , Peixotto Becca
Published: February 2022

This classroom exercise utilizes a free mobile virtual reality app to introduce students to (1) the process by which paleoanthropologists find and interpret fossils, (2) the importance of two recent hominin fossil finds in the Cradle of Humankind of South Africa, and (3) the variety of science careers that contribute to paleoanthropological research. Before their virtual field trip, learners are introduced to the Homo naledi and Australopithecus sediba discoveries and to some of the researchers from the team through a collection of online resources. In the app, learners explore and find fossils in the Dinaledi Chamber of Rising Star Cave in South Africa, where the first fossils of H. naledi were found. Postexploration analysis and reflection prompts encourage learners to consider how researchers decide how and where to excavate, which skills are needed to study our human origins, and why this research is important.
BioInteractive’s Free Online Professional Learning Course on Evolution
Authors: Beardsley Paul , Csikari Melissa , Ertzman Ashley , Jeffus Meghan
Published: February 2022

Teachers are eager for professional development on teaching evolution, especially if it includes direct ties to relevant curricula and detailed lesson plans. Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s BioInteractive Online Professional Learning: Evolution course was developed to provide educators with free, in-depth, multimedia resources that highlight important scientific concepts and studies in evolution and engage participants through interactive activities that link to student resources. Our goals in the development of the asynchronous, nonfacilitated course were to (1) deepen teachers’ content knowledge of evolutionary concepts essential to NGSS and AP Biology courses, (2) increase teachers’ confidence and comfort in teaching evolution content to general biology and AP Biology students, (3) have teachers identify major evolutionary concepts in scientific studies, authentic data, or educational media used to teach evolution, and (4) assist teachers in identifying and incorporating relevant BioInteractive resources to illustrate evolutionary content and science practices in their own course(s). Our results from a postcourse survey that included pre-post retrospective confidence questions suggest that the course improved educators’ knowledge in evolution and their confidence in teaching evolutionary topics. Overall, this course provides educators the opportunity to deepen their content knowledge and obtain exciting, relevant, and reliable resources to use in their classrooms.
Cannus stannous
Authors: Allchin Douglas
Published: February 2022

This classroom activity highlights how evolution by natural selection is nonteleological—that is, not guided by need, by organismal intent, by inherent progress, by an external ideal, or by any observable purposive agent. Rather, it is driven by chance opportunity, environmental context, and historical happenstance. Students simulate the evolution of a population of tin cans, based on temperature retention/loss in either arctic or hot desert habitats. Chance and necessity interact in separate lab groups (as isolated populations), based on similar starting organisms. The process demonstrates not only selection but also how even organisms in similar environments may not evolve with identical traits, depending on available mutations. It shows that even when selection occurs, it may not do so consistently or uniformly with each generation. It shows both divergence based on different contexts of selection and variability based on the vagaries of history.
Sexual Behaviour Risk Among Male Regular Partners of Female Sex Workers
Authors: Namale Gertrude , Kamacooko Onesmus , Kawuma Rachel , Bagiire Daniel , Mayanja Yunia , Ssali Agnes , Kiwanuka Thadeus , Mbonye Martin , Ruzagira Eugene , Seeley Janet
Published: February 2022

We assessed HIV prevalence and associated sexual behaviour risks among male regular partners (MRPs) of female sex workers (FSWs) attending a peri-urban clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Between June 2012 and June 2017, we conducted a mixed-methods cross-sectional study among MRPs (aged ≥ 18 years old). Eligible and interested men were consented and offered HIV counselling and testing. Data on socio-demographic, sexual behaviour and clinical characteristics were collected. Multivariable Poisson regression with robust variance was used to identify factors associated with HIV prevalence. In-depth interviews were conducted to elicit information on participants’ knowledge of HIV and its prevention as well as sexual risk practices. Qualitative data were analysed using a thematic content approach. One hundred and sixty-two men were included in the analysis; mean age was 35 years (standard deviation ± 8.43), and most (73%) reported not using a condom during the last sexual intercourse. Overall HIV prevalence was 65 of 162 (40%). Absence of sexually transmitted infection symptoms in the last 12 months adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.37, 0.85] and condom use at last sexual intercourse (aPR = 0.63, 95% CI = [0.45, 0.88]) were associated with a lower HIV prevalence. Being uncircumcised (aPR = 1.83, 95% CI = [1.22, 2.74]) and having ≥2 sexual partners in the last 12 months (aPR = 1.91, 95% CI = [1.27, 2.85]) were associated with higher HIV prevalence. Qualitative data showed that most participants reported not consistently using condoms with their FSW partners because of the emotional connections, desire to have children and trust. HIV prevalence among MRPs was high compared to the national average. HIV prevalence among MRPs was associated with high-risk sexual behaviour and circumcision status. Interventions are needed to address the high sexual behaviour risks among MRPs of FSWs as well as supporting them to access safe voluntary medical male circumcision, HIV care and support services.
A microbial perspective on the local influence of Arctic rivers and estuaries on Hudson Bay (Canada)
Authors: Morency Carlee , Jacquemot Loïc , Potvin Marianne , Lovejoy Connie
Published: February 2022

A clear divide typically exists between freshwater and marine microbial communities, with transitional communities found in estuarine zones. The estuarine communities can derive from inflowing rivers and the sea via tidal mixing and incursions or be comprised of unique brackish species, depending on flow regimes and retention time within an estuary. Only a few studies have been carried out in the Arctic, where moderate salinities associated with the influence of seasonal ice melt could potentially favor marine microbes adapted to lower salinities in fresh-to-saltwater transition zones irrespective of river flows and tidal mixing. To test this idea, we examined early summer microbial communities in 2 western Hudson Bay (Canada) river-to-sea systems: the Churchill and Nelson river systems. Both rivers originate from the same headwaters, suggesting similar catchment conditions, but differ in geomorphology and hydroelectric diversions that induce very different flow and stratification regimes. Using amplicons of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, we identified distinct riverine bacterial communities that were significantly different from the 2 associated estuaries and offshore communities. In the much smaller Churchill Estuary, the microbial community showed a marked influence of freshwater microbial species, along with marine influences. In contrast, in the larger high-flow Nelson River Estuary, riverine bacterioplankton were less evident in the estuary, where the marine signal was much stronger. The marine samples in both systems differed somewhat consistently with the phenology of the phytoplankton bloom in the Bay and tended to harbor distinct attached and free-living bacterial communities. Our results highlight the relevance of river flow and estuarine circulation on selection of bacterial species in estuaries, with ecological implications for food web functionality and biogeochemical cycles in the Anthropocene, where flow regimes would be affected by larger climatic variability.
Non-balanced translocation between the short arms of chromosomes 8 and 6 associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Netto Vitor Scalone , Bellincanta Gabriel , Neto Guido de Paula Colares , de Araujo Evangelista Nara Michelle , Figueiredo Carolina Costa , Salmona Patricia , Tonetto-Fernandes Vânia de Fátima
Published: February 2022

We describe a rare case of a girl with an initial diagnostic hypothesis of chromosome 8 trisomy based on clinical findings and karyotyping, which identified a structural change in the short arm of chromosome 8 (46,XX,add(8)(p23)). At the age of 7, she developed type 1 diabetes mellitus and started insulin therapy with multiple daily doses, and then she started to use a continuous insulin infusion system (pump) at 10 years of age. At the age of 12, she underwent a molecular study that identified an unbalanced translocation between the short arms of chromosomes 6 and 8 – 46,XX,add(8)(p23).ish der(8)t(6;8)(GS-196I5+;RP-11338B22−).

Learning points

Patients with an unbalanced translocation between the short arms of chromosomes 6 and 8 – 46,XX,add(8)(p23).ish der(8)t(6;8)(GS-196I5+;RP-11338B22-) may present syndromic features suggestive of chromosome 8 trisomy.

Main characteristics are a prominent forehead, ocular and breast hypertelorism, ocular, external ear and palate abnormalities, a short neck, heart defects, and developmental delay.

Patients with 46,XX,add(8)(p23).ish der(8)t(6;8)(GS-196I5+;RP-11338B22-) may present autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Karyotyping is an essential tool for the diagnosis of chromosomal changes, but it has some limitations.

Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, array-single nucleotide polymorphism and fluorescence in situ hybridization can help diagnose genetic syndromes in patients with atypical evolution.
Adrenal haemorrhage and infarction in the setting of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis after SARS-CoV-2 (Oxford–AstraZeneca) vaccination
Authors: Graf Anneke , Armeni Eleni , Dickinson Louise , Stubbs Matthew , Craven Brian , Srirangalingam Umasuthan , Chung Teng-Teng
Published: February 2022

Rare cases of vaccine-induced Immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) are being identified after vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccination. We report on two such patients with associated adrenal involvement, which is now being recognised. Both patients presented with abdominal pain, back pain and vomiting. Case 1 was a 46-year-old male who had received the first dose of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccination 8 days earlier. Imaging demonstrated a number of serious thrombotic complications including evolving bilateral adrenal haemorrhage (right adrenal haemorrhage identified at presentation, with the left-sided changes only evident on day 4 of the admission). Case 2 was a 38-year-old female who had received the first dose of Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccination 11 days prior. Imaging demonstrated left renal vein thrombosis and left adrenal infarction. VITT was diagnosed in both cases given these changes and other consistent haematological findings. Both patients were treated empirically for adrenal insufficiency, a diagnosis subsequently confirmed in case 1. We report these two cases of VITT presenting with adrenal complications (haemorrhage and infarction) after Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccination to highlight the association and the need for prompt management of co-existing adrenal insufficiency, especially given the potential for evolving adrenal involvement.

Learning points

Adrenal complications (thrombosis/infarction/haemorrhage) may develop as a part of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia (VITT) after SARS-CoV-2 Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccination.

Evolving adrenal involvement is possible and ongoing assessment is required to identify this promptly.

Cortisol levels may be difficult to interpret when assessing for adrenal insufficiency, given high doses of corticosteroids may be used to manage VITT.

Clinicians should have a low threshold for starting empirical replacement with corticosteroids until reliable assessment of adrenal function can be performed.
Central hypothyroidism related to antipsychotic and antidepressant medications: an observational study and literature review
Authors: Keen Frederick , Chalishazar Anuja , Mitchem Kelly , Dodd Alan , Kalhan Atul
Published: February 2022

Objective

To investigate the final diagnosis and clinical outcome of patients referred to endocrinology in our district general hospital with biochemical isolated central hypothyroidism (CeH), and whether there is an association between this biochemical picture and treatment with antidepressant and antipsychotic medications.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study of patients referred to endocrinology with unexplained biochemical isolated CeH over a 5-year period.

Results

Of the 29 patients included in the study, 4 were found to have a partially empty or empty sella and 1 to have a bulky pituitary gland which was deemed to be an incidental radiological finding. No patients had any clinically significant pathology. On reviewing their medications, 18/29 (62%) were found to be on psychotropic medications.

Conclusions

Our study suggests a relationship between patients on psychotropic medications and biochemical isolated CeH, an association only described in a very limited amount of literature prior to this. The mechanism behind this may be suppression of TSH secretion via antagonism of the dopamine-serotoninergic pathway. Determining a correlation between psychotropic medications and isolated CeH could lead to the avoidance of further radiological investigations and unnecessary anxiety for patients. However, a larger observational study is needed to provide further evidence to support/refute our finding.
Dezynfekcja narzędzi medycznych zgodnie z obowiązującymi zasadami
Authors: Piwowarczyk Justyna
Published: February 2022

Istotnym elementem zapobiegania rozprzestrzenianiu się zakażeń związanych z opieką zdrowotną jest dekontaminacja narzędzi medycznych w taki sposób, aby były bezpieczne dla pacjentów i pracowników. Zakres tych procesów zależy od wymaganego poziomu czystości mikrobiologicznej – od niszczenia form wegetatywnych drobnoustrojów (bakterii, grzybów) i wirusów, aż po formy przetrwalnikowe (spory). Proces dezynfekcji odbywa się poprzez zastosowanie metod chemicznych i/lub termicznych/termiczno-chemicznych. Zakres wymaganej skuteczności dezynfekcji narzędzi należy oprzeć o wyniki szacowania ryzyka transmisji drobnoustrojów za ich pośrednictwem. Na skuteczność przeprowadzonego procesu ma wpływ wiele czynników, jednak wiadomym jest, że preparat do dezynfekcji jest skuteczny w określonym zakresie, jeśli został zbadany metodyką norm europejskich zawartych w normie nadrzędnej PN-EN 14885. Badania normatywne dają możliwość skutecznego i jednoznacznego porównania produktów do dezynfekcji i wyboru środka o odpowiednim spektrum działania w obszarze medycznym.
Evaluación en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de un idioma extranjero en la educación remota
Authors: Tolentino Quiñones Hermis
Published: February 2022

Con la llegada del coronavirus 19 (COVID-19), las instituciones educativas optaron por las clases remotas conllevando esto a hacer cambios, ajustes y adaptaciones en la práctica pedagógica; sin embargo, son pocos o nulos los cambios en la modalidad de evaluación, cuando se aprende-enseña un idioma extranjero, razón por la cual, este ensayo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre qué y cómo evaluar. Para ello, se presentó la realidad problemática, los antecedentes y las teorías relacionadas a la evaluación y a la educación remota. Se analizaron e interpretaron los datos para llegar a la conclusión que, las actividades de interacción oral con estudiantes de otros países, la producción escrita creativa y colaborativa, el uso de podcast, entre otros, permiten no solo desarrollar las habilidades de comprensión y producción escrita además de la oral, sino que también que, son útiles para llevar a cabo la evaluación sumativa y formativa.
Estilos de liderazgo del director educativo
Authors: Meza Matos Kety , Ramos Martínez Alexandra Shirley
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la percepción acerca de los estilos de liderazgo directivo a partir de la opinión de docentes de la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local 6 – distrito de Ate. Con tal propósito, se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo y basada en análisis estadístico descriptivo. Se aplico un instrumento de 56 ítems los cuales fueron respondidos a través de una escala de Likert. Los resultados del estudio muestran una percepción negativa del accionar ercido por los directores. Las conclusiones del estudio muestran que el liderazgo autoritario es el predominante, seguido de los estilos democrático y liberal.
Одноелектронні оптичні властивості металевих нанооболонок з неконцентричним ядром. Врахування квантування електронного спектра
Authors: Куліш В.В.
Published: February 2022

Роботу присвячено дослідженню одноелектронних оптичних властивостей (внесок одноелектронної компоненти є суттєвим у областях частот, далеких від плазмонного резонансу) сферичного нанояйця (деформованого еліпсоїда), що складається з діелектричного ядра та тонкої металевої оболонки, зі слабким зміщенням центра ядра відносно геометричного центра всієї наночастинки. Запропоновано модель, що дозволяє записати хвильові функції та спектр хвильових чисел для електрона у оболонці композитної наночастинки такого типу. За допомогою цієї моделі отримано матричні елементи оптичних переходів та одноелектронну оптичну провідність нанояйця як без урахування (напівкласична провідність), так і з урахуванням квантування хвильових чисел електрона у оболонці. Показано, що врахування вищеназваних ефектів квантування приводить до появи осцилюючої залежності оптичної провідності нанояйця від частоти світла. Показано, що вплив зміщення центрів та квантування спектра на оптичну провідність нанояйця у першому наближенні можна враховувати незалежно.
The Relationship Between Demographic Features and Iranian EFL Teachers’ Attachment Style
Authors: Ganji Mansoor , Samani Farzane Safarzade
Published: February 2022

This study investigated Iranian English as a foreign language teachers’ attachment styles and possible influential factors such as age, teaching experience, gender, and educational degree. The participants were 108 female and 79 male Iranian English teachers, chosen through convenience and snowball sampling. Using Google forms, a researcher-made questionnaire was sent to the participants. There was a positive relationship between age and a secure style, and a negative relationship between fearful and preoccupied styles and age. Further, there was a positive correlation between a secure style and teaching experience, and a negative relationship between fearful and preoccupied styles and teaching experience. Male teachers were more secure, and educational degree made no difference in secure and preoccupied styles.
A Synthesis of EFL Research in Chilean High Schools: Research Shortage or Research Opportunities?
Authors: Jaramillo-Yanquepe Claudio
Published: February 2022

This article is a configurative literature review that aims to synthesize available research on English as a foreign language education, undertaken specifically in Chilean high-school settings. Drawing on a pre-COVID-19 research corpus, I identified a limited number of concordant accounts (n = 23) published during the last decade. I used a critical interpretive synthesis methodology which yielded three research fields ranging from didactics to socio-structural problematics. The synthesis shows that the research addresses curricular aspects devoid of socio-political and historical contexts, emphasizing primarily teachers’ teaching tensions and challenges. Finally, I discuss the English as a foreign language research limitations and implications for the Chilean context, for which I suggest some innovations to broaden future inquiry critically.
Standar Kelayakan Berita Headline di Media Online
Authors: Muhaemin Abdul , AS Enjang , Marfuah Luk Luk Atin
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAK

Informasi menjadi hal yang penting bagi masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, penyebaran informasi saat ini masih diterapkan dalam berbagai media baik itu media cetak, elektronik hingga media online.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berbagai kriteria redaksi Pikiran-Rakyat.com dalam mempubilkasikan suatu berita yang dijadikan sebagai headline. Sesuai dengan standar kelayakan berita yaitu penting, menarik, aktual dan faktual. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan jenis data kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara serta dokumentasi dari situs Pikiran-Rakyat.com. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Gatekeeping yang dikemukakan oleh Kurt Lewin. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa Pikiran-Rakyat.com menjadikan berita yang terkait dengan Bandung, Jawa Barat dan Persib Bandung sebagai berita yang penting dan mendapatkan porsi khusus untuk dijadikan sebagai headline. Dari aspek menarik Pikiran-Rakyat.com sering menjadikan headline adalah berita yang tengah viral serta berita-berita ringan seperti gaya hidup, trend, fashion, hingga film. Untuk berita aktual yang dijadikan headline adalah tentang peristiwa terbaru yang bersifat penting untuk diketahui oleh masyarakat seperti breaking news. Sementara untuk berita headline berdasarkan aspek faktual, Pikiran-Rakyat.com memprioritaskan berita yang diliput langsung oleh wartawan ke lapangan.

Kata Kunci :  Media Online; Standar Berita; Headline.

ABSTRACT

Information becomes an important thing for the community in daily life, information dissemination is still applied in various media, both print, electronic and online media. The purpose of this research is to find out various editorial criteria of Pikiran-Rakyat.com in publishing a story that is used as a headline. In accordance with the standards of news feasibility that is important, interesting, actual and factual. The method used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative data types. Methods of collecting data using the method of observation, interviews and documentation from the site Pikiran-Rakyat.com. The theory used in this study is the Gatekeeping theory proposed by Kurt Lewin. The results of this study that Pikiran-Rakyat.com make news related to Bandung, West Java and Persib Bandung as important news and get a special portion to be used as headlines. From the interesting aspect, Pikiran-Rakyat.com often makes headlines a viral news and light news such as lifestyle, trend, fashion, and film. For the actual news that is used as a headline is about the latest events that are important to be known by the public such as breaking news. While for headline news based on factual aspects, Pikiran-Rakyat.com prioritizes news that is covered directly by reporters to the field.

Keywords: Online media; News Standard; Headline.
Structure of the Avadānaśataka
Authors: Appleton Naomi
Published: February 2022

Part A of the volume introduces the Avadānaśataka and its themes and concerns, with a particular focus on placing the first four chapters of the text – those translated in Part B of the volume – into the context of developing ideas about the Buddha and buddhahood. After a general introduction to the text, the discussion moves through themes that are core to each of the chapters under discussion: the many buddhas of the past and future who feature in chapters 1 and 2; the past lives of the most recent Buddha, Śākyamuni, which are related in chapters 2 and 4; and the pratyekabuddhas (beings awakened in times of no Buddhism) of chapter 3. The discussion then uses features common to the whole text, including miracles, aspirations and predictions, to mount an argument that the Avadānaśataka treads a fine line between acknowledging the validity of the three paths to awakening (full buddhahood, pratyekabuddhahood and arhatship) while clearly placing full buddhahood at the pinnacle. Furthermore, even within the category of full buddhas, Śākyamuni Buddha takes centre stage as the miracle-working, prediction-making, magical-smiling, utterly awe-inspiring Buddha of our time.
One Buddha, Many Lessons
Authors: Appleton Naomi
Published: February 2022

Part A of the volume introduces the Avadānaśataka and its themes and concerns, with a particular focus on placing the first four chapters of the text – those translated in Part B of the volume – into the context of developing ideas about the Buddha and buddhahood. After a general introduction to the text, the discussion moves through themes that are core to each of the chapters under discussion: the many buddhas of the past and future who feature in chapters 1 and 2; the past lives of the most recent Buddha, Śākyamuni, which are related in chapters 2 and 4; and the pratyekabuddhas (beings awakened in times of no Buddhism) of chapter 3. The discussion then uses features common to the whole text, including miracles, aspirations and predictions, to mount an argument that the Avadānaśataka treads a fine line between acknowledging the validity of the three paths to awakening (full buddhahood, pratyekabuddhahood and arhatship) while clearly placing full buddhahood at the pinnacle. Furthermore, even within the category of full buddhas, Śākyamuni Buddha takes centre stage as the miracle-working, prediction-making, magical-smiling, utterly awe-inspiring Buddha of our time.
First Decade (Stories 1-10)
Authors: Appleton Naomi
Published: February 2022

The ten stories in the first chapter of the text tell of people predicted to future buddhahood by Śākyamuni Buddha. While the details differ, the general pattern is the same: someone has an impressive encounter with Śākyamuni Buddha (usually involving a miraculous display of some sort) and makes a vow to achieve future buddhahood, which is confirmed by Śākyamuni through a miraculous light-emitting smile.
Second Decade (Stories 11-20)
Authors: Appleton Naomi
Published: February 2022

The second decade stories each tell of Śākyamuni Buddha-to-be serving a buddha of the distant past. Although these stories of the past are fairly formulaic, there is more variety in the frame narratives, and the emphasis is on the experiences of Śākyamuni in his final (and, in narrative terms, current) lifetime, and how these are explained by past devotional encounters.
Many Buddhas, One Buddha: A Study and Translation of Avadānaśataka 1-40
Authors: Appleton Naomi
Published: February 2022

Many Buddhas, One Buddha introduces a significant section of the important early Indian Buddhist text known as the Avadānaśataka, or “One Hundred Stories”, and explores some of its perspectives on buddhahood. This text, composed in Sanskrit and dating to perhaps the third to fifth centuries of the Common Era, is affiliated with the Sarvāstivāda or Mūlasarvāstivāda, and thus provides important evidence of the ideas and literatures of lost non-Mahāyāna schools of Indian Buddhism. The text is a rich literary composition, in mixed prose and verse, and includes some elaborate devotional passages that illuminate early Indian perspectives on the Buddha and on the role of avadāna texts. The book introduces the first four chapters of the Avadānaśataka through key themes of these stories, such as predictions and vows, preparations for buddhahood, the relationship between Śākyamuni and other buddhas, and the relationship between full buddhahood and pratyekabuddhahood. The study of these stories closes with an argument about the structural design of the text, and what this tells us about attitudes towards different forms of awakening. The second part of the book then presents a full English translation of stories 1-40. From tax-dodging merchants, to monks fretting about their sewing skills, the stories offer a rich and entertaining slice of Indian Buddhist literature and teaching.
Comparison Between The Satun Dialect and The Patani Dialect of The Melayu Language
Authors: Menjamin Sumaiyah , Chema Andareena
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe the comparison of the Satun dialect and the Patani dialect of the Malayu language. Satun is a province located to the west of Peninsular Malaysia, while Patani is located in the eastern part of Malaysia, namely in Kelantan. This research is a descriptive field research about BMDS and BMDP dialect forms. The data collected are forms of dialect used by people who use BMDS and BMDP. The Data was collected via interview, the matching method, and by analyzing the basic vocabulary comparison method based on 200 Swadesh words. Data obtained from 2 sources, BMDS-informant and DMDP-informant. The results of this study are a form of comparison between the Satun dialect and the Patani dialect of the Malayu langauge. (1) There are 48 vocabularies with the same form and (2) 152 vocabularies with different forms. Both dialeks are based in the same language, Austronesian Malay. Based on the location of different provinces, the location gets influence from the loghat of the area bordering Kedah and Kelatan. Therefore, these two languages have a regional language or dialect that is together and different in the form of words and sounds.
"I am more interested than you know, Bill": The Life and Times of William Henry Duckett, Jr.
Authors: Blalock Stephanie M. , O'Neil Brandon James
Published: February 2022

Traces Whitman's carriage driver and "youthful companion" Bill Duckett's (1869-1904?) life, filling in details of his ancestry, his family, his childhood, and his peripatetic adult life—including his marriage, divorce, military service, occupation, and death, all previously unknown to Whitman scholars.
David Grant. “The Disenthralled Hosts of Freedom”: Party Prophecy in the Antebellum Editions of Leaves of Grass.
Authors: Butt Andrew
Published: February 2022

Review of David Grant, "The Disenthralled Hosts of Freedom": Party Prophecy in the Antebellum Editions of Leaves of Grass.
Stacked 1/3 Tubular Plates for Fixation of Pediatric Forearm Fractures: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Hearon Bernard , Cooper Benjamin , Wendling Alexander , Isaacs-Pullins Sharon , White Joel , Hollenbeck Steven
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Among operatively treated pediatric forearm fractures, many different fixation constructs are described. The goal of this study is to define the biomechanical properties of a double stacked 1/3 tubular plate construct used by the senior author for some fractures and to review available literature regarding the use of stacked plates.
Methods. Biomechanical testing was performed by 4-point bending of 3 different plate constructs: 1/3 tubular plate, stacked 1/3 tubular plates, and 2.7 mm LC-DCP plate. Five test specimens were evaluated for each of the three plate constructs.  From stress-strain curves, flexural stiffness (N/mm), force to cause plastic deformation (N), and force to cause 10º bend (N) were calculated and compared using standard t-test statistics.
Results. Key outcome parameter means (± SD) for the three plate constructs (1/3 tubular plate, stacked 1/3 tubular plates, and 2.7 mm LC-DCP plate) are reported respectively as follows: flexural stiffness (55.4 ± 3.5 N/mm, 131.7 ± 3.5 N/mm, 113.3 ± 12.1 N/mm), force to cause plastic deformation (113.6 ± 11.0 N, 242.1 ± 13.0 N, 192.2 ± 17.9 N), and force to cause a 10º bend (140.0 ± 8.4 N, 299.4 ± 14.1 N, 265.5 ± 21.2 N).  Mean values of all three measures were significantly larger for the stacked 1/3 tubular plates than for the other plate constructs.
Conclusions. The stacked 1/3 tubular plate construct was biomechanically superior to the other plate constructs. Stacked plating significantly improves stiffness of the fracture fixation construct supporting use of this technique in selected trauma cases.