bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of 12/15‐lipoxygenase as therapeutic strategy to treat stroke
Authors: Yigitkanli Kazim , Pekcec Anton , Karatas Hulya , Pallast Stefanie , Mandeville Emiri , Joshi Netra , Smirnova Natalya , Gazaryan Irina , Ratan Rajiv R. , Witztum Joseph L. , Montaner Joan , Holman Theodore R. , Lo Eng H. , van Leyen Klaus
Published: August 2012

Targeting newly identified damage pathways in the ischemic brain can help to circumvent the currently severe limitations of acute stroke therapy. Here we show that the activity of 12/15‐lipoxygenase was increased in the ischemic mouse brain, and 12/15‐lipoxygenase colocalized with a marker for oxidized lipids, MDA2. This colocalization was also detected in the brain of 2 human stroke patients, where it also coincided with increased apoptosis‐inducing factor. A novel inhibitor of 12/15‐lipoxygenase, LOXBlock‐1, protected neuronal HT22 cells against oxidative stress. In a mouse model of transient focal ischemia, the inhibitor reduced infarct sizes both 24 hours and 14 days poststroke, with improved behavioral parameters. Even when treatment was delayed until at least 4 hours after onset of ischemia, LOXBlock‐1 was protective. Furthermore, it reduced tissue plasminogen activator‐associated hemorrhage in a clot model of ischemia/reperfusion. This study establishes inhibition of 12/15‐lipoxygenase as a viable strategy for first‐line stroke treatment. Ann Neurol 2013
Fe3O4 nanoparticle‐supported copper(I): magnetically recoverable and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of quinazolinones and bicyclic pyrimidinones
Authors: Yu Lin , Wang Min , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei
Published: August 2012

A highly efficient, easily recoverable and reusable Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle‐supported Cu(I) catalyst has been developed for the synthesis of quinazolinones and bicyclic pyrimidinones. In the presence of supported Cu(I) catalyst (10 mol%), amidines reacted with substituted 2‐halobenzoic acids and 2‐bromocycloalk‐1‐enecarboxylic acids to generate the corresponding N‐heterocycle products in good to excellent yields at room temperature in DMF. In addition, the supported Cu(I) catalyst could be recovered at least 10 times without significant loss of its catalytic activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Neuroanatomy and Sleep‐Disordered Breathing: Implications for Autonomic Regulation
Authors: Harper Ronald M. , Kumar Rajesh , Macey Paul M. , Ogren Jennifer A. , Richardson Heidi L.
Published: August 2012

A major concern with sleep‐disordered breathing conditions, which include obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central apnea, and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), is the high incidence of accompanying autonomic dysfunction and metabolic disorders. Patients with OSA show exaggerated sympathetic tone, leading to hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, profuse sweating, impaired cerebral perfusion, and stroke. In addition, OSA appears in 86% of obese Type II diabetic patients, suggesting common deleterious processes. Autonomic deficiencies also appear in CCHS patients, who are often hypoglycemic. The impaired autonomic control may stem from injury to central sympathetic and parasympathetic regulatory areas resulting from apnea‐related inflammation, hypoxia, or perfusion‐related consequences in OSA, and genetic mutation repercussions in CCHS. Disturbed sleep organization from apnea arousals may also disrupt hormonal release. Brain areas affected in both OSA and CCHS include cortical and limbic regions that influence hypothalamic‐regulated sympathetic control and hormone release, essential for glycemic regulation, as well as parasympathetic nuclei influencing the pancreas and other viscera, and raphé serotonergic sites, important for thermal and vascular regulation. Brain injury and altered functional responses appear in OSA and CCHS, assessed with magnetic resonance imaging techniques, in areas which show regional gray matter loss, alterations of free water within tissue, loss of axonal integrity, and disruption of functional responses to autonomic and ventilatory challenges. Evaluation of neural injury and distortion in functional signals to autonomic challenges in localized brain areas can provide insights into common pathological mechanisms for dysregulation of hormonal release and autonomic processes in sleep‐disordered breathing and metabolic disorders. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of congenital limb deficiencies
Authors: Chen Lei , Bell Erin M. , Browne Marilyn L. , Druschel Charlotte M. , Romitti Paul A. , Schmidt Rebecca J. , Burns Trudy L. , Moslehi Roxana , Olney Richard S. ,   and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND

Animal studies have shown that high doses of caffeine might cause congenital limb deficiencies (LDs); however, no epidemiologic studies have explored this relation.

METHODS

This case‐control study assessed associations between maternal dietary caffeine and congenital LDs using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), with 844 LD cases and 8069 controls from 1997 to 2007. Caffeine intakes from beverages (coffee, tea, and soda) and chocolate combined and by beverage type were examined. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for subtypes of isolated LDs (no additional major anomalies) and LDs with other major anomalies separately, comparing the odds of 10 to <100, 100 to <200, 200 to <300, and 300+ mg/day total caffeine intake to 0 to <10 mg/day.

RESULTS

All total dietary caffeine intake categories of 10 mg/day and above were marginally associated with odds of all isolated LDs combined (aOR, 1.4–1.7), isolated longitudinal LDs (aOR, 1.2–1.6), and isolated transverse LDs (aOR, 1.3–1.8) compared to the lowest intake category. A dose‐response pattern for total dietary caffeine intake was not observed.

CONCLUSIONS

A weak increased risk of congenital LDs associated with maternal dietary caffeine consumption was observed in this study; however, risk did not vary by amount of caffeine consumed. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teratology public affairs committee position paper: Iodine deficiency in pregnancy
Authors: Obican Sarah G. , Jahnke Gloria D. , Soldin Offie P. , Scialli Anthony R.
Published: August 2012

Iodine deficiency is an important nutritional deficiency, with more than 2 billion people worldwide estimated to be at risk. The developing fetus and young children are particularly at risk. During pregnancy and lactation, iodine requirements increase, whether in iodine‐poor or iodine‐sufficient countries, making the mother and the developing fetus vulnerable. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommends 250 micrograms per day of iodine intake for pregnant and lactating women. The thyroid gland is able to adapt to the changes associated with pregnancy as long as sufficient iodine is present. Dietary intake is the sole source of iodine, which is essential to the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine is found in multiple dietary sources including iodized salt, dairy products, seaweed, and fish. Prenatal vitamins containing iodine are a good source of iodine, but iodine content in multivitamin supplements is highly variable. Congenital hypothyroidism is associated with cretinism. Clinical hypothyroidism has been associated with increased risk of poor perinatal outcome including prematurity, low birth weight, miscarriage, preeclampsia, fetal death, and impaired fetal neurocognitive development. Subclinical hypothyroidism is also associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and potential fetal neurocognitive deficits, but the data are more variable than those for clinical hypothyroidism. We concur with the ATA recommendation that all pregnant and lactating women should ingest (through diet and supplements) 250 micrograms of iodine daily. To achieve this goal, we recommend that all pregnant and lactating women take daily iodine supplementation of 150 micrograms. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:677–682, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of ICD‐9‐CM codes for craniofacial microsomia
Authors: Luquetti Daniela V. , Saltzman Babette S. , Vivaldi Daniela , Pimenta Luiz A. , Hing Anne V. , Cassell Cynthia H. , Starr Jacqueline R. , Heike Carrie L.
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition characterized by microtia and mandibular underdevelopment. Healthcare databases and birth defects surveillance programs could be used to improve knowledge of CFM. However, no specific International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) code exists for this condition, which makes standardized data collection challenging. Our aim was to evaluate the validity of existing ICD‐9‐CM codes to identify individuals with CFM.

METHODS

Study sample eligibility criteria were developed by an expert panel and matched to 11 ICD‐9‐CM codes. We queried hospital discharge data from two craniofacial centers and identified a total of 12,254 individuals who had ≥1 potentially CFM‐related code(s). We reviewed all (n = 799) medical records identified at the University of North Carolina (UNC) and 500 randomly selected records at Seattle Children's Hospital (SCH). Individuals were classified as a CFM case or non‐case.

RESULTS

Thirty‐two individuals (6%) at SCH and 93 (12%) at UNC met the CFM eligibility criteria. At both centers, 59% of cases and 95% of non‐cases had only one code assigned. At both centers, the most frequent codes were 744.23 (microtia), 754.0 and 756.0 (nonspecific codes), and the code 744.23 had a positive predictive value (PPV) >80% and sensitivity >70%. The code 754.0 had a sensitivity of 3% (PPV <1%) at SCH and 36% (PPV = 5%) at UNC, whereas 756.0 had a sensitivity of 38% (PPV = 5%) at SCH and 18% (PPV = 26%) at UNC.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest the need for a specific CFM code to facilitate CFM surveillance and research. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrosatable drug exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy and selected congenital malformations
Authors: Brender Jean D. , Werler Martha M. , Shinde Mayura U. , Vuong Ann M. , Kelley Katherine E. , Huber John C. , Sharkey Joseph R. , Griesenbeck John S. , Romitti Paul A. , Malik Sadia , Suarez Lucina , Langlois Peter H. , Canfield, Mark A. ,   and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND

Nitrosatable drugs can react with nitrite in the stomach to form N‐nitroso compounds, and results from animal studies suggest that N‐nitroso compounds are teratogens. With data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, the relation between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and limb deficiencies, oral cleft, and heart malformations in offspring was examined.

METHODS

Maternal reports of drugs taken during the first trimester of pregnancy were classified with respect to nitrosatability for mothers of 741 babies with limb deficiencies, 2774 with oral cleft malformations, 8091 with congenital heart malformations, and 6807 without major congenital malformations. Nitrite intake was estimated from maternal responses to a food frequency questionnaire.

RESULTS

Isolated transverse limb deficiencies and atrioventricular septal defects were associated with secondary amine drug exposures (adjusted odds ratios [aORs], 1.51; 95% confidence limit [CI], 1.11–2.06 and aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.19–3.26, respectively). Tertiary amines were associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.10–2.04) and single ventricle (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.06–2.45). These two malformations were also significantly associated with amide drugs. For several malformations, the strongest associations with nitrosatable drug use occurred among mothers with the highest estimated dietary nitrite intake, especially for secondary amines and atrioventricular septal defects (highest tertile of nitrite, aOR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.44–7.58).

CONCLUSION

Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs may be associated with several congenital malformations, especially with higher nitrite intake. The possible interaction between nitrosatable drugs and dietary nitrite on risk of congenital malformations warrants further attention. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:701–713, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short interpregnancy interval and gastroschisis risk in the national birth defects prevention study
Authors: Getz Kelly D. , Anderka Marlene T. , Werler Martha M. , Case Amy P.
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND

The micronutrient depletion hypothesis proposes that consecutive pregnancies spaced too closely may leave insufficient time for maternal micronutrient replenishment. Short interpregnancy intervals (IPI) have been associated with an increased risk for several adverse pregnancy outcomes, but an association with gastroschisis risk has not been previously explored.

METHODS

Within a population‐based, case‐control study, we evaluated the association between IPI length and gastroschisis risk using multivariable logistic regression models to estimate gastroschisis odds ratios for IPI <12 months and 12 to 17 months relative to those 18 to 23 months. We further evaluated the association between IPI and gastroschisis risk stratified by maternal age, periconceptional multivitamin use, preceding pregnancy outcome, study center region, and season of conception to explore whether observed associations were compatible with the hypothesis of maternal micronutrient depletion.

RESULTS

For women with IPI <12 months, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.5). The magnitude of the observed effect did not differ among strata of maternal age or periconceptional multivitamin use. However, the association was more pronounced after a miscarriage or termination (aOR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1–5.6) and among women who resided in northern study areas (aOR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3–5.9). The higher risk observed with short IPI among women in northern study areas was attenuated for spring/summer conceptions.

CONCLUSION

Short IPI was associated with an increased risk for gastroschisis, particularly among women whose preceding pregnancy resulted in a miscarriage or termination and among those who resided in northern study areas with winter/fall conception. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:714–720, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Birth defects in infants born in 1998–2004 to men and women serving in the U.S. military during the 1990–1991 Gulf War era
Authors: Bukowinski Anna T. , DeScisciolo Connie , Conlin Ava Marie S. , K. Ryan Margaret A. , Sevick Carter J. , Smith Tyler C.
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND

Concerns about reproductive health persist among U.S. military members who served in the 1990–1991 Gulf War. This study explores the long‐term impact of 1990–1991 Gulf War deployment on the prevalence of birth defects among infants of Gulf War veterans.

METHODS

Health care data from the Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry and demographic and deployment information from the Defense Manpower Data Center were used to identify infants born between 1998 and 2004 to both male and female 1990–1991 Gulf War veterans. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds of any birth defect and eight specific birth defects among infants of deployers versus non‐deployers. In addition, birth defects were evaluated among infants born to 1990–1991 Gulf War veterans with deployment‐specific exposures.

RESULTS

Among 178,766 infants identified for these analyses, 3.4% were diagnosed with a birth defect in the first year of life. Compared to infants of non‐deployers, infants of deployers were not at increased odds of being diagnosed with a birth defect, or any of eight specific birth defects, in the first year of life. A slightly increased prevalence of birth defects was observed among infants born to men who deployed to the 1990–1991 Gulf War for 153 to 200 days compared to those who deployed for 1 to 92 days. No other deployment‐specific exposures were associated with birth defects in these infants.

CONCLUSIONS

The 1990–1991 Gulf War deployers, including those with specific exposures of concern, were not found to be at increased risk for having infants with birth defects 7 to 14 years after deployment. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:721–728, 2012. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solvent independent conformational propensities of [1,2,3]triazolyl‐bridged parathyroid hormone‐related peptide‐derived cyclo‐nonapeptide analogues
Authors: Scrima Mario , Grimaldi Manuela , Di Marino Sara , Testa Chiara , Rovero Paolo , Papini Anna Maria , Chorev Michael , D'Ursi Anna Maria
Published: August 2012

The recently introduced Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne 1,3‐dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition as a prototypic “click chemistry reaction” presented an opportunity for introducing the 1,4‐disubstituted‐[1,2,3]triazolyl moiety as a new isostere for peptide bonds in the backbone. Previous study in our lab focused on the synthesis of a model i‐to‐i+4 side chain‐to‐side chain 1,4‐ and 4,1‐disubstituted‐[1,2,3]triazolyl‐bridged cyclo‐nonapeptide I (Scheme 1) as analogues of its structurally related helical i‐to‐i+4 lactam‐bridged cyclo‐nonapeptide [Lys13(& 1),Asp17(& 2)]parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP)(11–19)NH21 a truncated version of the α‐helical and potent parathyroid hormone receptor 1 agonist [Lys13(& 1),Asp17(& 2)]PTHrP(1‐34)NH2,2,3 Nα‐Ac‐Lys‐Gly‐Lys(& 1)‐Ser‐Ile‐Gln‐Asp(& 2)‐Leu‐Arg‐NH2]. Systematic [1,2,3]triazolyl‐containing bridge structure–conformation relationship studies in hexafluoroacetone/water mixture included incorporation of bridges varied in size and position and orientation of the triazolyl ring within the bridge. These studies revealed that the size of methylene bridge flanking triazolyl moiety is critical to reproduce in the heterodetic cyclo‐nonapeptides. The conformational features of the analogues cyclo‐nonapeptide in which Lys13 and Asp17 are bridged by the isosteric lactam. Here, we extend our conformational analysis to dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixture in an effort to characterize inherent conformational properties of the heterodetic cyclopeptides that are solvent independent. Our present study shows that the physicochemical properties of the structure‐supporting solvent cannot override the effect of the size of methylene bridge to form helical mimetic structures. Moreover, we prove that [1,2,3]triazolyl ring is not a simple bioisostere of lactam bond, but it affects the secondary structure of the peptide, in relation to its positioning orientation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 535–545, 2012.
A rapid HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for determination of β‐asarone, a potential anti‐epileptic agent, in plasma after oral administration of Acorus calamus extract to rats
Authors: Nandakumar Sreenath , Menon Sasikumar , Shailajan Sunita
Published: August 2012

β‐Asarone (BAS), a phenylpropanoid from Acorus calamus Linn., has shown biological effects in the management of cognitive impairment conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The present paper describes a selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method (HPLC‐MS/MS) using electrospray ionization source (ESI) for quantification of BAS in rat plasma. Briefly, the plasma samples were pre‐treated using a simple solid‐phase extraction method. The separation of BAS and the internal standard, caffeine, was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax XDB C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm i.d., 5 µm) using 0.2 mL/min isocratic mobile phase flow. The detection was performed using an Applied Biosystems Hybrid Q‐Trap API 2000 mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI source operated in positive mode. Also, the developed bioanalytical method was validated as per the US FDA bioanalytical guidelines over the concentration range of 9.79–4892.50 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.9951) for BAS from rat plasma. The mean percentage recovery (n = 3) for the low, middle and high quality control samples was 86.92 ± 3.89, 85.30 ± 1.09 and 87.24 ± 4.03%, respectively. The applicability of the validated HPLC‐MS/MS method was demonstrated by successful measurement of BAS from plasma following oral administration of Acorus calamus rhizome extracts to three female albino Wistar rats. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of polyphyllin I, polyphyllin II, polyphyllin VI and polyphyllin VII in beagle dog plasma after oral administration of Rhizoma Paridis extracts by LC‐MS‐MS
Authors: Yin Xingbin , Qu Changhai , Li Zhaoxia , Zhai Yujing , Cao Sali , Lin Longfei , Feng Lijun , Yan Lei , Ni Jian
Published: August 2012

For the first time, a rapid and specific LC‐MS‐MS method has been developed for the analysis of polyphyllin I, polyphyllin II, polyphyllin VI and polyphyllin VII in beagle dog plasma. The method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of Rhizoma Paridis extracts containing polyphyllin I, polyphyllin II, polyphyllin VI and polyphyllin VII. The analysis was carried out on an Agilent Zorbax XDB‐C18 reversed‐phase column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) by isocratic elution with acetonitrile and water (50:50, v/v). The flow rate was 0.25 mL/min. All analytes including internal standards were monitored by selected reaction monitoring with an electrospray ionization source. Linear responses were obtained for polyphyllin I, polyphyllin II, polyphyllin VI and polyphyllin VII ranging from 10 to 5000 ng/mL. The intra‐and inter‐day precisions (RSDs) were less than 6.66 and 9.15%. The extraction recovery ranged from 95.53 to 104.21% with RSD less than 8.69%. Stability studies showed that polyphyllin I, polyphyllin II, polyphyllin VI and polyphyllin VII were stable in preparation and analytical process. The validated method was successfully used to determine the concentration–time profiles of polyphyllin I, polyphyllin II, polyphyllin VI and polyphyllin VII. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of fluoxetine enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations by electrokinetic chromatography–counter current technique
Authors: Asensi‐Bernardi Lucía , Martín‐Biosca Yolanda , Fornet‐Herrero Eder , Sagrado Salvador , Medina‐Hernández María José
Published: August 2012

In this work, an electrokinetic chromatography–counter current procedure for the separation of fluoxetine enantiomers using highly sulfated β‐cyclodextrin was optimized and applied to the determination of the enantiomers in three pharmaceutical formulations according to the matrix features. Quality criteria were applied to facilitate its transferability to testing laboratories. Fluoxetine was used therapeutically as the racemate, although a stereospecificity associated with its interactions with the neuronal serotonin‐uptake carrier was demonstrated. In this context, the development of enantioselective methods for the chiral analysis of pharmaceuticals allowing stereoisomer ratio estimations has increasing interest in pharmaceutical industry. The proposed method allows the quantification of both enantiomers in less than 2 min with high resolution (Rs = 2.4). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomarker‐driven trial in metastatic pancreas cancer: feasibility in a multicenter study of saracatinib, an oral Src inhibitor, in previously treated pancreatic cancer
Authors: Arcaroli John , Quackenbush Kevin , Dasari Arvind , Powell Rebecca , McManus Martine , Tan Aik‐Choon , Foster Nathan R. , Picus Joel , Wright John , Nallapareddy Sujatha , Erlichman Charles , Hidalgo Manuel , Messersmith Wells A.
Published: August 2012

Src tyrosine kinases are overexpressed in pancreatic cancers, and the oral Src inhibitor saracatinib has shown antitumor activity in preclinical models of pancreas cancer. We performed a CTEP‐sponsored Phase II clinical trial of saracatinib in previously treated pancreas cancer patients, with a primary endpoint of 6‐month survival. A Simon MinMax two‐stage phase II design was used. Saracatinib (175 mg/day) was administered orally continuously in 28‐day cycles. In the unselected portion of the study, 18 patients were evaluable. Only two (11%) patients survived for at least 6 months, and three 6‐month survivors were required to move to second stage of study as originally designed. The study was amended as a biomarker‐driven trial (leucine rich repeat containing protein 19 [LRRC19] > insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 2 [IGFBP2] “top scoring pairs” polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay, and PIK3CA mutant) based on preclinical data in a human pancreas tumor explant model. In the biomarker study, archival tumor tissue or fresh tumor biopsies were tested. Biomarker‐positive patients were eligible for the study. Only one patient was PIK3CA mutant in a 3′ untranslated region (UTR) portion of the gene. This patient was enrolled in the study and failed to meet the 6‐month survival endpoint. As the frequency of biomarker‐positive patients was very low (<3%), the study was closed. Although we were unable to conclude whether enriching for a subset of second/third line pancreatic cancer patients treated with a Src inhibitor based on a biomarker would improve 6‐month survival, we demonstrate that testing pancreatic tumor samples for a biomarker‐driven, multicenter study in metastatic pancreas cancer is feasible.
ChemInform Abstract: New Nonlinear Optical Crystal: NaBa4Al2B8O18Cl3.
Authors: Zhang Jianxiu , Zhang Shufeng , Wu Yicheng , Wang Jiyang
Published: August 2012

Single crystals of the title compound with sizes up to 34 x 34 x 16 mm3 are prepared by the top‐seeded solution growth method using a 2:1 mixture of NaF and LiCl as a flux.
ChemInform Abstract: [Mn2(N3)5]n‐n: Four Different Azide Bridging Modes and Dicubane Subunits Observed in a New Mn(II)‐Azide only 2D System.
Authors: Mautner Franz A. , Sudy Beate , Egger Andreas , Mautner Eva M. , Escuer Albert , Vicente Ramon
Published: August 2012

The new, green title compound (II) (caution: azides are potentially explosive and should be handled with care) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Tetra‐Cobalt(II)‐Substituted Sandwich‐Type Tungstophosphate, (1,3‐H2dap)2H4 [Co4(1,3‐Hdap)2 (α‐B‐PW9O34)2] ·3H2O.
Authors: Wang Zi‐Liang , Xi Hui‐Ping
Published: August 2012

The title compound (1,3‐dap: 1,3‐diaminopropane) is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Na2WO4, NaH2PO4, CoCl2, Co(OAc)2, 1,3‐dap, and H2O (autoclave, 160 °C, 4 d, 16% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Strecker Reaction of Cyclic (Z)‐Aldimines.
Authors: Shao You‐Dong , Tian Shi‐Kai
Published: August 2012

Both enantiomers of nitriles (III) and (V) are prepared by Strecker reaction of 3H‐indoles (I) and benzothiazines (IV) with ethyl cyanoformate in the presence of a quinidine‐ or quinine‐based thiourea catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free, Aerobic Ketooxygenation of Alkenes Using Hydroxamic Acids.
Authors: Schmidt Valerie A. , Alexanian Erik J.
Published: August 2012

The radical‐mediated approach avoids the strongly oxidizing conditions necessary for transition metal catalyzed ketooxygenations, and proceeds with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity in all cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Reactions of Allylic Esters with Arylboronic Acids or Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Yao Bo , Liu Yan , Wang Meng‐Ke , Li Jin‐Heng , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Deng Chen‐Liang
Published: August 2012

Depending on the organoboron compound used, either 1,3‐diarylpropenes or 3‐arylalkylacetates are selectively accessible by the present protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium Tri(isopropoxide)‐Catalyzed Selective Meerwein—Ponndorf—Verley Reduction of Aliphatic and Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Lee Jaeyoung , Ryu Taekyu , Park Sangjune , Lee Phil Ho
Published: August 2012

Aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes are reduced to alcohols and a number of functional groups is tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast and Efficient Synthesis of Sulfinamides by the Oxidation of Sulfenamides Using Potassium Fluoride and m‐Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid.
Authors: Datta Mrityunjoy , Buglass Alan J.
Published: August 2012

A fast and highly efficient oxidation of sulfenamides to the corresponding sulfinamides is achieved by use of the system MCPBA—KF.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectfluor F‐TEDA‐BF4 Mediated Thiocyanation or Isothiocyanation of Alcohols by in situ Generation of [+SCN] under Heterogeneous and Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Rahmati Sadegh , Khalafi‐nezhad Ali , Saednia Shahnaz
Published: August 2012

Treatment of primary and secondary alcohols with ammonium thiocyanate in the presence of Selectfluor F‐TEDA‐BF4 generally affords the corresponding thiocyanates or isothiocyanates directly in good to high yields under heterogeneous and neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Four Nucleophilic Additions to Alkenynedioic Acid Derivatives in Tandem; Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Bicyclo[4.2.0]octenols.
Authors: Hata Takeshi , Imade Haduki , Urabe Hirokazu
Published: August 2012

The bicyclooctenols can smoothly be converted into polysubstituted cyclohexanes like (IV) via retro‐aldol reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Blocks for the Synthesis of Cyclopentanoids from [2 + 2]‐Cycloadduct (I) of Dichloroketene and Dimethylfulvene.
Authors: Ivanova N. A. , Akhmetdinova N. P. , Valiullina Z. R. , Akhmet'yanova V. A. , Shitikova O. V. , Lobov A. N. , Suponitskii K. Yu. , Spirikhin L. V. , Miftakhov M. S.
Published: August 2012

The opening of the cyclobutanone ring in compound (I) proceeds readily under the action of chiral amine (II) to afford inseparable diastereomeric amides (III) and (IV), which are converted into separable lactams (V) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Furans from Aryloxyenynes.
Authors: Li Ende , Yao Wenjun , Xie Xin , Wang Chengyu , Shao Yushang , Li Yanzhong
Published: August 2012

A mild Au‐catalyzed two reaction one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of the title compounds (II) and (IV) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Effect of Palladium and Copper Catalysts: Catalytic Cyclizative Dimerization of ortho‐(1‐Alkynyl)benzamides Leading to Axially Chiral 1,3‐Butadienes.
Authors: Yao Bo , Jaccoud Carole , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: August 2012

The concurrent formation of vinylpalladium and vinylcopper species followed by transmetalation is the key feature in the Pd/Cu co‐catalyzed cyclizative dimerization of the alkynes (I) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Double C—H Functionalization in Sequential Order: Direct Synthesis of Polycyclic Compounds by a Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Alkenylation—Arylation Cascade.
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki , Iuchi Mutsumi , Kojima Naoto , Yoshimitsu Takehiko , Fujii Nobutaka , Tanaka Tetsuaki
Published: August 2012

Palladium‐catalyzed cyclization of m‐bromoanilines bearing N‐tethered bromocinnamyl groups proceeds via a C—H alkenylation—arylation cascade to afford tetracyclic pyrroline derivatives, e.g. (II), (IV)/(V) or (XI), in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activities of Novel 4,4′‐Arylmethylene‐bis(1H‐pyrazole‐5‐ol)s from Lignin.
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Pinghu , Zhou Yonghong , Wang Junsong , Liu Hongjun
Published: August 2012

Derivatives (IIIa) and (IIId) exhibit the highest antioxidant activities against DPPH among the tested compounds in this study.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactivity of gem Cyanoester Ketene Dithiolates Towards the Development of Potent Antioxidant Heterocycles.
Authors: Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Venkatesh Bhumireddy C. , Muralikrishna Akkarapalli , Padmaja Adivireddy
Published: August 2012

A variety of tetrasubstituted thiophene, thieno‐thiophene and tris‐heterocyclic compounds are synthesized by intra‐ or intermolecular cyclocondensation reactions of gem‐cyanoester ketene dithiolates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Arylation of Chromones via a Double C—H Activation: An Expedient Approach to Flavones.
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Lee Hyun Seung , Kim Se Hee , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: August 2012

Optimized conditions are developed for a regioselective 2‐arylation of chromenone substrates to provide the desired flavones in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Multicomponent Formal [1 + 2 + 1 + 2]‐Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Girling P. Ricardo , Batsanov Andrei S. , Shen Hong C. , Whiting Andrew
Published: August 2012

A scandium‐catalyzed dihydropyridine synthesis by a multicomponent cycloaddition reaction is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminohydroxyacetone Synthone: Versatile Intermediates for the Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Komatsu Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Riki , Ikishima Hideaki , Nakano Keiji , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo
Published: August 2012

A new and practical synthesis of the title synthon (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazin‐5‐yl‐chromen‐2‐one Derivatives via Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Chunduru Venkata Sreenivasa Rao , Vedula Rajeswar Rao
Published: August 2012

of bromoacetylcoumarin derivatives (I) with thiocarbohydrazide and various carbonyl compounds under environmentally benign conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Access to Optically‐Enriched Oxabispidines.
Authors: Brice Heloise , Gill Duncan M. , Goldie Laura , Keegan Philip S. , Kerr William J. , Svensson Per H.
Published: August 2012

A range of C‐substituted oxabispidines are synthesized from commercially available chiral epoxypropylphthalimide (I) using a novel stereoselective intramolecular Mannich reaction [→(XI)] as key transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Monoselective C—H Borylation of Acetanilides under Acidic Conditions.
Authors: Xiao Bin , Li Yi‐Ming , Liu Zhao‐Jing , Yang Han‐Yi , Fu Yao
Published: August 2012

A practical, new Pd‐catalyzed selective C—H borylation of acetanilides under acidic conditions is developed, which shows a good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Phospha‐Michael Addition of Dialkyl Phosphites, a Phenyl‐H‐phosphinate, and Diphenylphosphine Oxide to Maleic Derivatives.
Authors: Balint Erika , Takacs Judit , Drahos Laszlo , Keglevich Gyoergy
Published: August 2012

A variety of new P‐substituted succinic acid derivatives is synthesized via microwave‐assisted phospha‐Michael addition of phosphites, phosphinates or phosphine oxides to maleimide or maleic acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Kaempferol 3,7‐O‐Bisglycosides via Successive Glycosylation with Glycosyl ortho‐Alkynylbenzoates and Trifluoroacetimidates.
Authors: Yang Weizhun , Sun Jiansong , Yang Zhongyi , Han Wei , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Yu Biao
Published: August 2012

.The first regioselective glycosylation of (II) at the 3‐OH position is achieved with glycosyl ortho‐alkynylbenzoates, followed by glycosylation at the 7‐OH group with trifluoroacetimidates.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanotubes
Authors: Vogel Eugenio E. , Vargas Patricio , Altbir Dora , Escrig Juan
Published: August 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Organic Nanotubes (MONTs)
Authors: Dai Fangna , Zhang Guoqing , Sun Daofeng
Published: August 2012

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of Non‐Conventional Metals Extracting Technologies from Ore and Waste
Authors: Chen Y. , Mariba E. R. M. , Van Dyk L. , Potgieter J. H.
Published: August 2012

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cyclization Reactions of Allenoates with Imines or α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Organocatalysts Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids.
Authors: Pei Cheng‐Kui , Shi Min
Published: August 2012

Review: [60 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: H‐Donor Anion Acceptor Organocatalysis — The Ionic Electrophile Activation Approach
Authors: Beckendorf Stephan , Asmus Soeren , Garcia Mancheno Olga
Published: August 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazobenzothiazoles. Synthesis and Application
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F. , Mohamed Hanan A.
Published: August 2012

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Thiol‐X Click Chemistry
Authors: ten Brummelhuis Niels , Schlaad Helmut
Published: August 2012

Review: 218 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Free Radical Chemistry in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Shkrob Ilya A. , Wishart James F.
Published: August 2012

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Radical Chemistry
Authors: Lucarini Marco
Published: August 2012

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Overview of Radical Initiation
Authors: Lalevee Jacques , Fouassier Jean Pierre
Published: August 2012

Review: 165 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Halogen and Chalcogen Transfer Chemistry
Authors: Li Chaozhong
Published: August 2012

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rotaxanes — Self‐Assembled Links
Authors: Ma Xiang , Tian He
Published: August 2012

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Spintronics Based on Single‐Molecule Magnets Composed of Multiple‐Decker Phthalocyaninato Terbium(III) Complex
Authors: Katoh Keiichi , Isshiki Hironari , Komeda Tadahiro , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: August 2012

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Stability — Thermochemical Aspects
Authors: Hioe Johnny , Zipse Hendrik
Published: August 2012

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemistry and Hydrogen Transfer Kinetics
Authors: Zavitsas Andreas A.
Published: August 2012

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Gasparini Giulio , Dal Molin Marta , Lovato Andrea , Prins Leonard J.
Published: August 2012

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inflammation and Cancer: Chemical Approaches to Mechanisms, Imaging, and Treatment.
Authors: Marnett Lawrence J.
Published: August 2012

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Shape Persistence Delivers Lock‐and‐Key Chloride Binding in Triazolophanes
Authors: McDonald Kevin P. , Hua Yuran , Lee Semin , Flood Amar H.
Published: August 2012

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Matsumoto Hajime
Published: August 2012

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multidimensional Correlation Spectroscopy by Covariance NMR
Authors: Snyder David A. , Bruschweiler Rafael
Published: August 2012

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Labels and Spin Probes
Authors: Bardelang David , Hardy Micael , Ouari Olivier , Tordo Paul
Published: August 2012

Review: 506 refs.
Alterations in sulfated chondroitin glycosaminoglycans following controlled cortical impact injury in mice
Authors: Yi Jae‐Hyuk , Katagiri Yasuhiro , Susarla Bala , Figge David , Symes Aviva J. , Geller Herbert M.
Published: August 2012

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) play a pivotal role in many neuronal growth mechanisms including axon guidance and the modulation of repair processes following injury to the spinal cord or brain. Many actions of CSPGs in the central nervous system (CNS) are governed by the specific sulfation pattern on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to CSPG core proteins. To elucidate the role of CSPGs and sulfated GAG chains following traumatic brain injury (TBI), controlled cortical impact injury of mild to moderate severity was performed over the left sensory motor cortex in mice. Using immunoblotting and immunostaining, we found that TBI resulted in an increase in the CSPGs neurocan and NG2 expression in a tight band surrounding the injury core, which overlapped with the presence of 4‐sulfated CS GAGs but not with 6‐sulfated GAGs. This increase was observed as early as 7 days post injury (dpi), and persisted for up to 28 dpi. Labeling with markers against microglia/macrophages, NG2+ cells, fibroblasts, and astrocytes showed that these cells were all localized in the area, suggesting multiple origins of chondroitin‐4‐sulfate increase. TBI also caused a decrease in the expression of aggrecan and phosphacan in the pericontusional cortex with a concomitant reduction in the number of perineuronal nets. In summary, we describe a dual response in CSPGs whereby they may be actively involved in complex repair processes following TBI. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3295–3313, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scalable Microwave Plasma Sources From Low to Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Schulz A. , Büchele P. , Ramisch E. , Janzen O. , Jimenez F. , Kamm C. , Kopecki J. , Leins M. , Merli S. , Petto H. , Mendez F.R. , Schneider J. , Schumacher U. , Walker M. , Stroth U.
Published: August 2012

There are very specific demands on the plasma processes used in various plasma technological applications. Microwave plasmas offer a wide range of applications for different pressures ranging from very low pressure (<0.1 Pa) over low pressure (0.1‐100 Pa) and medium pressure (103‐104 Pa) up to atmospheric pressure (105 Pa). This contribution is a short review on some microwave based plasma sources at different pressure ranges and a brief introduction into the plasma physics behind them (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of transverse aeolian ridge profiles derived from HiRISE images of Mars
Authors: Shockey K. M. , Zimbelman J. R.
Published: August 2012

Photoclinometry was used to analyze selected High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images of Transverse Aeolian Ridges (TARs) on Mars. Sixty Mars profiles have been assessed and a summary of their morphologic characteristics compiled. Measurements collected quantified the symmetry of the feature, the curvature of the crest, flank slopes, width, height and several comparative ratios. Results show that small TARs have physical characteristics generally similar to measurements obtained from lower resolution images of Mars. The HiRISE image data allow for much improved sampling along each feature; the improved resolution reveals relatively few features not seen in earlier studies, but is well suited for topographic sampling. Measured TAR profiles, when scaled by the width of the feature, can be compared to similarly scaled profiles for terrestrial dunes and megaripples. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Large roughness element effects on sand transport, Oceano Dunes, California
Authors: Gillies John A. , Lancaster Nicholas
Published: August 2012

The effect of large roughness elements on sand transport efficiency was evaluated on a coastal sand sheet by measuring sand flux with two types of sand traps [Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) and the Cox Sand Catcher (CSC)] at 30 positions through a 100 m‐long × 50 m‐wide roughness array comprised of 210 elements each with the dimensions 1·17 m long × 0·4 m high × 0·6 m wide. The 210 elements were used to create a roughness density (λ) of 0·022 (λ = n bh/S, where n is the number of elements, b the element breadth, h the element height, and S is the area of the surface that contains all the elements) in an area of 5000 m2. The mean normalized saltation flux (NSF) values (NSF = outgoing sand flux/incoming sand flux) at the furthest downwind distance for the two trap types were 0·44 and 0·41, respectively. This is in excellent agreement with an empirical model prediction of 0·5. The reduction in saltation flux is similar to an earlier separate study for an equivalent λ composed of elements of similar height (0·36 m), even though the roughness element forms were different (rectangular in this study as opposed to circular) as were the horizontal porosity of the arrays (49% versus 16%). This corroborates earlier results that roughness element height is a critical parameter that enhances reduction in sand transport by wind for similar λ configurations. The available data suggest the form of the relationship between transport reduction efficiency and height is likely a power relationship with two limiting conditions: (1) for elements ≤ 0·1 m high the effect is minimized, and (2) as element height matches and then exceeds the maximum height of the saltation layer (≥ 1 m), the effect will stabilize near a maximum of NSF ≈ 0·32. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural gas & electricity pricing: The yin and yang of natural gas prices and renewable resources
Authors: Bodell Tanya
Published: August 2012

Natural gas and renewable resources have a yin and yang relationship. This became very apparent at the recent Wall Street Renewable Energy Finance Forum where I had the honor of speaking on a panel with natural gas experts to discuss whether natural gas and renewables were complements, collaborators, or competitors.1 The unanimous answer is that they are all of the above—complementary opposites that compete within the greater dynamic system of the energy industry.
Technology: Smart meters' usefulness investigated
Authors: Skinner R. Kenneth
Published: August 2012

If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound? Maybe in the ninth grade you found yourself debating that question. I was recently told a joke about smart meters. What do you call a meter that is not a smart meter? A dumb meter! OK, it's a pretty lame joke, but it did get me thinking about the falling tree debate. If your utility installs a smart meter but it does not change your energy consumption choices, is it really a smart meter? What is it then?
Dual functions of perirhinal cortex in fear conditioning
Authors: Kent Brianne A. , Brown Thomas H.
Published: August 2012

The present review examines the role of perirhinal cortex (PRC) in Pavlovian fear conditioning. The focus is on rats, partly because so much is known, behaviorally and neurobiologically, about fear conditioning in these animals. In addition, the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of rat PRC have been described in considerable detail at the cellular and systems levels. The evidence suggests that PRC can serve at least two types of mnemonic functions in Pavlovian fear conditioning. The first function, termed “stimulus unitization,” refers to the ability to treat two or more separate items or stimulus elements as a single entity. Supporting evidence for this perceptual function comes from studies of context conditioning as well as delay conditioning to discontinuous auditory cues. In a delay paradigm, the conditional stimulus (CS) and unconditional stimulus (US) overlap temporally and co‐terminate. The second PRC function entails a type of “transient memory.” Supporting evidence comes from studies of trace cue conditioning, where there is a temporal gap or trace interval between the CS offset and the US onset. For learning to occur, there must be a transient CS representation during the trace interval. We advance a novel neurophysiological mechanism for this transient representation. These two hypothesized functions of PRC are consistent with inferences based on non‐aversive forms of learning. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tree structure generation from ensemble forecasts for real time control
Authors: Raso L. , van de Giesen N. , Stive P. , Schwanenberg D. , van Overloop P. J.
Published: August 2012

This paper presents a new methodology to generate a tree from an ensemble. The reason to generate a tree is to use the ensemble in multistage stochastic programming. A correct tree structure is of critical importance because it strongly affects the performance of the optimization. A tree, in contrast to an ensemble, specifies when its trajectories diverge from each other.

A tree can be generated from the ensemble data by aggregating trajectories over time until the difference between them becomes such that they can no longer be assumed to be similar, at such a point, the tree branches.

The proposed method models the information flow: it takes into account which observations will become available, at which moment, and their level of uncertainty, i.e. their probability distributions (pdf). No conditions are imposed on those distributions.

The method is well suited to trajectories that are close to each other at the beginning of the forecasting horizon and spread out going on in time, as ensemble forecasts typically are. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.