bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Antimicrobial Potential of Bupivacaine and Tolfenamic Acid-Loaded Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) for Orthopedic Infection
Authors: Sekar Amita , Inverardi Nicoletta , Lekkala Sashank , Thomson Andrew , Daesety Vikram , Trendafilova Darina , Tierney Peyton , Collins Jamie E. , Muratoglu Orhun K. , Oral Ebru
Published: February 2025

Peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a major post-arthroplasty complication that warrants alternative antibacterial approaches to improve prophylaxis and treatment outcomes. Local administration of analgesics post-surgery is common. Recent studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial potential of analgesics and the feasibility of dual drug-eluting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for local antibacterial applications. However, the antibacterial mechanism of action is poorly understood, and the translational value of antimicrobial dual drug-loaded UHMWPE has not been evaluated. In this study, we utilized the Laurdan assay and gene expression analysis to demonstrate the antibacterial action of bupivacaine hydrochloride (BP) and tolfenamic acid (TA) against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, we incorporated BP and TA into UHMWPE at different weight concentrations and studied their longitudinal drug release and real-time antibacterial properties. The analgesics showed a significant effect on the bacterial membrane properties comparable to known antibiotics and regulated bacterial gene expression. For the dual drug-loaded UHMWPE, the drug release rate from BP/TA combinations was interestingly not a direct function of the loaded drug weight percent, potentially due to the hydrophobicity of TA and the interactions between the two drugs. Combinations of BP and TA at the higher total drug concentration (10 and 20%) showed a prolonged antibacterial effect against S. aureus, with great potential for prophylactic use.
Single-Eye Porcine Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Cultures—A Validated and Reproducible Protocol
Authors: Dörschmann Philipp , Wilke Justine , Tietze Nina , Roider Johann , Klettner Alexa
Published: February 2025

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss in industrialized nations. AMD models based on standardized optimized cell culture models are warranted. The aim of this study is to implement a standard operation protocol for the preparation of porcine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from pig eyes with cells from one eye designated for one culture, generating a genetic homology within one culture and genetic heterogeneity between cultures, thereby implementing a relevant in vitro model for AMD investigations. In addition, the use of pigs’ eyes from slaughterhouse waste material is an active measure to reduce animal experimentation in ophthalmological research. Methods: Primary porcine RPE cells were prepared, and cells from one eye were seeded into one well of a twelve-well polystyrene plate. They were cultured for 7, 14, and 28 days. Different post-mortem times (2, 4, and 6 h), coatings (collagen I, IV, Poly-d-Lysine, fibronectin, and laminin), and serum content of media (1%, 5%, and 10%) were tested. The success rate for confluence and survival was determined. At the different time points, cell number (trypan blue exclusion assay), confluence and morphology (microscope imaging), VEGF content of supernatants, and gene and protein expression, as well as tight junctions (fluorescence imaging), were examined. In addition, a baseline for RPE morphometry using CellProfiler software was established. Results: A post-mortem time of 4 to 5 h is most suitable. A coating with Poly-d-Lysine is recommended due to high success rates, the fastest confluence, the highest expression of RPE65, and suitable morphologic properties. The results for confluence, protein expression, and morphology showed that a reduction of 10% to 5% FBS is acceptable. Conclusion: A basic best practice protocol for the preparation of porcine single-eye cultures with optimized parameters was established and is provided.
Prognostic Value of Lectin-like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 for Future Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aminuddin Amilia , Samah Nazirah , Che Roos Nur Aishah , Mohamad Shawal Faizal , Beh Boon Cong , A. Hamid Adila , Ugusman Azizah
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality globally, underscoring the need for robust predictive biomarkers to enhance risk stratification. Soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) has emerged as a promising biomarker linked to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, both critical mechanisms in atherogenesis and cardiovascular events. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of sLOX-1 in predicting major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), and stroke outcomes through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid databases for studies published between 2014 and October 2024. Eligible studies assessed the association between sLOX-1 levels and future CVD outcomes in adult populations. Meta-analysis pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were assessed using random- and fixed-effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic, and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: Fourteen studies were included, encompassing diverse populations with coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), or stroke, with follow-up durations ranging from 30 days to 19.5 years. The meta-analysis of three studies on CAD patients demonstrated a significant association between elevated sLOX-1 levels and increased MACCE risk (HR: 2.3, 95% CI: 0.99–5.33, p = 0.05), albeit with high heterogeneity (I2 = 83%). The fixed-effects analysis yielded a more consistent HR of 1.47 (95% CI: 1.19–1.81, p < 0.01). Conclusions: sLOX-1 shows promising potential as a prognostic biomarker for CVD and is associated with an increased risk of MACCEs in CAD patients. However, the high heterogeneity among the included studies highlights the need for standardized protocols and larger, well-designed prospective studies to validate its clinical utility. The integration of sLOX-1 into risk prediction models could improve CVD management by identifying high-risk individuals for targeted interventions.
Ultrasound Assessment in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Diagnosis: From Origins to Future Perspectives—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Di Michele Stefano , Fulghesu Anna Maria , Pittui Elena , Cordella Martina , Sicilia Gilda , Mandurino Giuseppina , D’Alterio Maurizio Nicola , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Angioni Stefano
Published: February 2025

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical, metabolic, and ultrasound findings. Over time, ultrasound has evolved into a cornerstone for diagnosing polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), thanks to advances in probe technology, 3D imaging, and novel stromal markers. The recent incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) further enhances diagnostic precision by reducing operator-related variability. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of English-language articles in PubMed and Embase using the keywords “PCOS”, “polycystic ovary syndrome”, “ultrasound”, “3D ultrasound”, and “ovarian stroma”. Studies on diagnostic criteria, imaging modalities, stromal assessment, and machine-learning algorithms were prioritized. Additional references were identified via citation screening. Results: Conventional 2D ultrasound remains essential in clinical practice, with follicle number per ovary (FNPO) and ovarian volume (OV) functioning as primary diagnostic criteria. However, sensitivity and specificity values vary significantly depending on probe frequency, cut-off thresholds (≥12, ≥20, or ≥25 follicles), and patient characteristics (e.g., adolescence, obesity). Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and Doppler techniques refine PCOS diagnosis by enabling automated follicle measurements, stromal/ovarian area ratio assessments, and evaluation of vascular indices correlating strongly with hyperandrogenism. Meanwhile, AI-driven ultrasound analysis has emerged as a promising tool for minimizing observer bias and validating advanced metrics (e.g., SA/OA ratio) that may overcome traditional limitations of stroma-based criteria. Conclusions: The continual evolution of ultrasound, encompassing higher probe frequencies, 3D enhancements, and now AI-assisted algorithms, has expanded our ability to characterize PCOM accurately. Nevertheless, challenges such as operator dependency and inter-observer variability persist despite standardized protocols; the integration of AI holds promise in further enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Future directions should focus on robust AI training datasets, multicenter validation, and age-/BMI-specific cut-offs to optimize the balance between sensitivity and specificity, ultimately facilitating earlier and more precise PCOS diagnoses.
Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Phytoconstituents in Diabetes, Cancer, Infections, Cardiovascular Diseases, Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Ansari Prawej , Reberio Alexa D. , Ansari Nushrat J. , Kumar Sandeep , Khan Joyeeta T. , Chowdhury Suraiya , Abd El-Mordy Fatma Mohamed , Hannan J. M. A. , Flatt Peter R. , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H. A. , Seidel Veronique
Published: February 2025

Conditions like diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, infections, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders continue to have a major global impact on mortality and morbidity. Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times in ethnomedicine (e.g., Ayurveda, Unani, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and European Traditional Medicine) for the treatment of a wide range of disorders. Plants are a rich source of diverse phytoconstituents with antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and/or anti-inflammatory activities. This review focuses on the 35 plants most commonly reported for the treatment of these major disorders, with a particular emphasis on their traditional uses, phytoconstituent contents, pharmacological properties, and modes of action. Active phytomolecules with therapeutic potential include cucurbitane triterpenoids, diosgenin, and limonoids (azadiradione and gedunin), which exhibit antidiabetic properties, with cucurbitane triterpenoids specifically activating Glucose Transporter Type 4 (GLUT4) translocation. Capsaicin and curcumin demonstrate anticancer activity by deactivating NF-κB and arresting the cell cycle in the G2 phase. Antimicrobial activities have been observed for piperine, reserpine, berberine, dictamnine, chelerythrine, and allitridin, with the latter two triggering bacterial cell lysis. Quercetin, catechin, and genistein exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, with genistein specifically suppressing CD8+ cytotoxic T cell function. Ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rg3 demonstrate potential for treating cardiovascular diseases, with ginsenoside Rg1 activating PPARα promoter, and the PI3K/Akt pathway. In contrast, ternatin, tannins, and quercitrin exhibit potential in gastrointestinal disorders, with quercitrin regulating arachidonic acid metabolism by suppressing cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase activity. Further studies are warranted to fully investigate the clinical therapeutic benefits of these plants and their phytoconstituents, as well as to elucidate their underlying molecular mechanisms of action.
A Decision-Aid Model for Predicting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer ICI Response Based on Tumor Mutation Burden
Authors: Bendani Houda , Boumajdi Nasma , Belyamani Lahcen , Ibrahimi Azeddine
Published: February 2025

Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB), a genomic biomarker, has proven to be a strong predictor of immunotherapy response but is not widely adopted. This study investigates the association between TMB and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) response in TNBC patients. Methods: From the TCGA database, patients were stratified into two levels based on TMB and validated using survival analysis. Then, four machine learning models were trained to classify TNBC patients based on histological features into high and low TMB. To further validate our approach, we compared the genomic landscapes of both groups, identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and performed pathway enrichment analysis. Results: Our findings revealed a significant association between TMB and ICI response in TNBC. Random forest model effectively classified TNBC patients based on the representative histological features and clinical data with an accuracy of 0.82 on the validation set. The genomic analysis revealed that FAT3, TTN, and DYNC2H1 had a significantly high mutation rate in the TMB groups. Genes impacting cancer progression and immunogenicity were identified in the DEG analysis as IGF2, CLEC3A, and CASC9. Conclusions: This study constructs a model to identify suitable TNBC patients for immunotherapy and highlights the potential role of TMB associated with genomic alterations in predicting immune response in TNBC.
Use of Robotic Surgery in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Narrative Review
Authors: Novo Jennifer , Seth Ishith , Mon Yi , Soni Akshay , Elkington Olivia , Marcaccini Gianluca , Rozen Warren M.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Robotic systems offer enhanced precision, dexterity, and visualization, which are essential in addressing the complex nature of plastic surgery procedures. Despite widespread adoption in other surgical specialties, such as urology and gynecology, their application in plastic surgery remains underexplored. This review examines the use of robotic systems in plastic and reconstructive surgery with a focus on clinical outcomes. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Search terms included (“robotic surgery” OR “surgical robots”) AND (“plastic surgery” OR “reconstructive surgery”). Studies on clinical outcomes and biomimetic innovations published between 1980 and 2024 were included, while non-English, cadaver-based, and animal studies were excluded. Data were systematically extracted using Covidence and analyzed. Results: Twenty-nine studies were identified that evaluated the clinical outcomes of robotics in areas including breast reconstruction, microsurgery, and craniofacial procedures. Robotic systems like the Da Vinci and Symani platforms offer motion scaling, tremor elimination, and enhanced depth perception. In nipple-sparing mastectomies, they reduced skin necrosis rates from 8% to 2%, while in DIEP flap reconstruction, they enabled smaller fascial incisions (2.67 ± 1.13 cm vs. 8.14 ± 1.69 cm) and faster recovery with fewer complications. In microsurgery, they achieved 100% patency for vessels under 0.3 mm and a 25.2% limb volume reduction in lymphedema patients in 3 months. Conclusions: Robotic systems show significant promise, particularly in procedures such as nipple-sparing mastectomies, and have the potential to overcome challenges including surgeon fatigue. However, challenges such as longer operating times, high costs, and limited haptic feedback remain barriers to their adoption.
Achieving Optimal Esthetics with Immediate Implants and Veneers in the Smile Zone: A Case Study
Authors: Jurado Carlos A. , Villalobos-Tinoco Jose , Montealvan-Aguilar Daniel Alejandro , Rojas-Rueda Silvia , Karimi Kiarash , Fischer Nicholas G.
Published: February 2025

Background: This case report outlines the clinical workflows for immediate implant placement for both maxillary central incisors and ceramic laminate veneers for the remaining teeth in the smile zone. Methods: The patient’s chief complaint was to improve her smile and address periapical infections with purulent exudate at the apex of her central incisors. Clinical and CBCT evaluations determined that the maxillary central incisors were non-restorable, while the lateral incisors and canines showed signs of incisal wear. Atraumatic extractions were performed for the central incisors, and immediate implants were placed with a 3D-printed surgical guide in conjunction with an autogenous soft tissue grafting procedure. Once the soft tissue between the central incisors was contoured with provisional implant restorations, minimally invasive veneer preparations were performed for porcelain laminate veneers. Final restorations were bonded under dental dam isolation. Results: Single immediate implants for maxillary central incisors can be successfully paired with ceramic laminate veneers on adjacent teeth in the smile zone to replace non-restorable teeth in the esthetic zone. Conclusions: Atraumatic tooth extraction, 3D implant planning with grafting procedures, and minimally invasive ceramic veneers can help in meeting patients’ esthetic and functional expectations. Total isolation using a dental dam maximizes the bonding performance of ceramic restorations.
Multiple Scattering-Enhanced Fluorescence Within Randomly Oriented Low-Index Polymer Nanofiber Sensors
Authors: Sun Jing , Huang Tao , Wang Zhongyang
Published: February 2025

Fluorescence enhancement technologies play a crucial role in biological and chemical sensors. Currently, effective fluorescence sensors primarily rely on noble metals and high-index dielectric nanostructures. While effective, they are plagued by optical losses and complex fabrication processes. In contrast, low-index material nanostructures offer significant advantages, including the absence of optical losses, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness, but they face the challenge of weaker electric field enhancement. Here, we designed a low-index, randomly oriented polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) nanofiber sensor via scalable electrospinning, enabling multiple scattering within the disordered nanofibers and resulting in an impressive surface-enhanced fluorescence factor of 1170. This sensor achieves a detection limit for rhodamine 6G as low as 7.24 fM, outperforming the reported fluorescence biosensors. Further results of photoluminescence decay dynamics and random lasing validate the effectiveness of multiple scattering in enhancing fluorescence within the polymer nanofiber sensor. With its excellent performance and scalable production process, this randomly oriented, low-index polymer nanofiber sensor offers a promising new pathway for efficient surface-enhanced fluorescence based on multiple scattering. Furthermore, PVAc nanofibers can be extended to other low-index materials capable of forming randomly oriented nanostructures, offering significant potential for cost-effective, high-performance fluorescence sensor applications.
Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Characteristics, and Quenching as Biocompatible Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Kamal Arif , Hong Seongin , Ju Heongkyu
Published: February 2025

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a new class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have emerged as nano-scaled probes with photoluminescence that have an eco-friendly and bio-compatible nature. Their cost-efficient synthesis and high photoluminescence quantum yields make them indispensable due to their application in opto-electronic devices, including biosensors, bioimaging, environmental monitoring, and light sources. This review provides intrinsic properties of CQDs such as their excitation-dependent emission, biocompatibility, and quenching properties. Diverse strategies for their easy synthesis are divided into bottom-up and top-down approaches and detailed herein. In particular, we highlight their luminescence properties, including quenching mechanisms that could even be utilized for the precise and rapid detection of biomolecules. We also discuss methodologies for the mitigation of fluorescence quenching, which is pivotal for the application of CQDs in biosensors and bioimaging.
Frameless Stereotaxy in Stereoelectroencephalography Using Intraoperative Computed Tomography
Authors: Grote Alexander , Gjorgjevski Marko , Carl Barbara , Delev Daniel , Knake Susanne , Menzler Katja , Nimsky Christopher , Bopp Miriam H. A.
Published: February 2025

Background: Pharmacoresistant epilepsy affects approximately one-third of all epilepsy patients, and resective surgery may offer favorable outcomes for carefully selected patients with focal epilepsy. The accurate identification of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is essential for successful surgery, particularly in cases where non-invasive diagnostics are inconclusive. Invasive diagnostics with stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) offer a reliable approach to localizing the EZ, especially in MRI-negative cases. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the data of 22 patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy who underwent frameless stereotactic SEEG electrode implantation with automated CT-based registration between September 2016 and November 2024. For measuring accuracy, Euclidean distance, radial deviation, angular deviation, and depth deviation were calculated for each electrode. Results: A total of 153 depth electrodes were implanted, targeting various cortical regions. The median Euclidean distance at the entry point was 1.54 mm (IQR 1.31), with a radial deviation of 1.33 mm (IQR 1.32). At the target level, the median Euclidean distance was 2.61 mm (IQR 1.53), with a radial deviation of 1.67 mm (IQR 1.54) and depth deviation of 0.95 mm (IQR 2.43). Accuracy was not significantly affected by electrode order, anatomical location, skull thickness, or intracranial length. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that frameless stereotactic SEEG electrode implantation is safe and feasible for identifying the EZ. The integration of automatic intraoperative CT-based registration ensures precision. While maintaining workflow efficiency, it achieves accuracy comparable to frame-based methods. Further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these results and assess their impact on surgical outcomes.
Interpersonal Conflict and Employee Behavior in the Public Sector: Investigating the Role of Workplace Ostracism and Supervisors’ Active Empathic Listening
Authors: Belgasm Hatem , Alzubi Ahmad , Iyiola Kolawole , Khadem Amir
Published: February 2025

In today’s dynamic organizational environments, interpersonal conflict and social exclusion can significantly impact employee behavior and organizational effectiveness. This study explores the complex interplay between interpersonal conflict, workplace ostracism, and interpersonal deviance in Jordan’s public sector, emphasizing the moderating role of supervisors’ active empathic listening. Using the stressor–emotion model, conservation of resources (COR) theory, and conflict expression (CE) framework, this study examined these relationships through a two-wave survey design. Data were collected from 501 public sector employees using validated scales, and an analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS, with structural equation modeling employed for hypothesis testing. The findings reveal that interpersonal conflict strongly predicts workplace ostracism and interpersonal deviance. Workplace ostracism mediates the relationship between conflict and deviance, while supervisors’ active empathic listening moderates these effects, reducing the likelihood of deviant behaviors. These results underscore the importance of fostering empathetic leadership and inclusive workplace environments to mitigate conflict’s negative impact. This research contributes to understanding workplace dynamics by highlighting the critical role of supervisors in moderating conflict and ostracism. The findings have practical implications for public sector organizations. Beyond training programs, supervisors can implement active empathic listening in practical settings by regularly holding one-on-one meetings in which they actively listen to employee concerns, using verbal and non-verbal cues to show engagement, asking open-ended questions to encourage deeper discussion, reflecting employee emotions to validate their feelings, and following up on issues raised to demonstrate concrete action based on what they have heard; this creates a culture of open communication in which employees feel heard and valued, leading to increased employee engagement and improved problem-solving abilities.
Uncertainty and Prediction Intervals of New Machine Learning Approach for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Concrete Compressive Strength
Authors: Alavi Seyed Alireza , Noel Martin
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a machine learning (ML) model for predicting concrete strength using a combination of two non-destructive testing (NDT) methods: ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and rebound number (RN). The model was developed using an extensive and diverse dataset and is the first such model to consider the effect of three different sample types: cubic, cylindrical, and core samples. This study is also the first of its kind to present an in-depth analysis of the results to quantify model uncertainty, which is an important prerequisite for its use in practice. Accordingly, two ML models were trained using 620 data points from the aforementioned sample types. The prediction intervals and associated uncertainties of the ML-based approach were thoroughly examined. Validation with the testing dataset showed that 93% of the testing data points for the combined cylindrical and cubic dataset fell within the 95% prediction interval, indicating strong alignment with expected results. Based on the findings, a roadmap is also proposed for future work.
Wind-Induced Vibration Characteristics and Shading Effects of a Double-Layer Cable-Supported Photovoltaic Module System Based on Wind Tunnel Test
Authors: Zhang Zhenkai , Xiao Zhiyu , Ma Wenyong , Liu Xinyue
Published: February 2025

The double-layer (DL) cable-supported photovoltaic (PV) module system is an emerging type of structure that has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its large span, strong terrain adaptability, and economic advantages. As it is a flexible structure supported by cables, wind-induced vibrations can lead to structural instability or even component damage, posing a serious threat to the safety of PV power plants. Determining the wind-induced vibration characteristics of the DL cable-supported PV module system is the foundation for ensuring its structural safety. In this study, based on wind tunnel tests performed on an aeroelastic model, a typical DL cable-supported PV module system used in a real engineering project was examined. The wind-induced displacement and torsional vibration characteristics of the model were compared and analyzed under different wind speeds. The shading effects of the PV array were also studied, and the impact of different wind angles and the initial tilt angles of PV modules on the wind-induced vibration characteristics was revealed. The results show that the greatest displacement vibration response occurs in the vertical direction; in comparison, displacements in other directions are smaller. Wind-induced torsional vibrations are negligible and can be ignored compared to displacement vibrations. The wind-induced vibration of the first row in the cable-supported PV array is significantly greater than that of the subsequent rows, and the shading effect is obvious. In the same row, the displacement vibration of modules at the center span is greater than at the sides. Different wind angles and initial PV module tilt angles affect the wind-induced vibration characteristics. When the wind direction is perpendicular to the cables and wind suction occurs, the wind-induced vibration is maximal. Within a limited range, the larger the initial tilt angle of the PV module, the greater the wind-induced vibration.
Sustainable Construction Practices: Challenges of Implementation in Building Infrastructure Projects in Malawi
Authors: Malik Abubakari , Mbewe Peter B. K. , Kavishe Neema , Mkandawire Theresa
Published: February 2025

The implementation of sustainable construction practices (SCPs) is recognised as a significant approach to enhancing the sustainability performance of infrastructure projects globally. However, the adoption and implementation of SCPs in low-income countries like Malawi remain in its early stages due to several challenges. This study provides an empirical analysis of the challenges hindering the implementation of SCPs in building infrastructure projects in Malawi. The study employed a systematic review and a quantitative method with a questionnaire survey among 193 construction professionals within the Malawian construction industry. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, one-sample t-tests, and exploratory factor analysis. The results revealed that higher costs of sustainable building processes, lack of information on sustainable building products, and higher costs of sustainable building materials are the major challenges for SCPs implementation in Malawi. The factor analysis further revealed that institutional limitations were the most critical, followed by inadequate technical experience, while financial constraints were the least significant challenge. These findings emphasise the urgent need to provide financial incentives, capacity-building programs for industry professionals, and supportive regulatory frameworks to facilitate the implementation of SCPs. This study provides practical insights for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance the sustainability of infrastructure projects in the construction sector.
Granular Pumice Stone: A Natural Double-Porosity Sound-Absorbing Material
Authors: Arenas Jorge P. , Parra Claudio C. , Rebolledo Juan , Venegas Rodolfo
Published: February 2025

Pumice forms when a volcanic explosion ejects highly pressurized, superheated rock, rapidly cooling and depressurizing, resulting in a porous structure. In countries with high volcanic activity, pumice stone is a low-cost natural material that is lightweight, non-toxic, eco-friendly, durable, and heat-resistant. Among other applications, pumice has been used as an aggregate to produce lightweight concrete or cementitious material to produce blended cement or geopolymer. Since pumice stone is highly porous, it could be used as a naturally occurring multiscale porous sound-absorbing material, which may add interesting properties for absorbing sound energy. Normally, a double-porosity granular material presents higher sound absorption at low frequencies than a solid-grain material with the same mesoscopic characteristics at a reduced weight. This study uses theoretical and experimental approaches to investigate the sound absorption characteristics of granular pumice samples. The tests were conducted on crushed pumice stones in granular form. The study suggests that pumice stones can be used as a novel material for sound absorption in room acoustics and noise control applications.
Near Real-Time 3D Reconstruction of Construction Sites Based on Surveillance Cameras
Authors: Sun Aoran , An Xuehui , Li Pengfei , Lv Miao , Liu Wenzhe
Published: February 2025

The 3D reconstruction of construction sites is of great importance for construction progress, quality, and safety management. Currently, most of the existing 3D reconstruction methods are unable to conduct continuous and uninterrupted perception, and it is difficult to achieve registration with real coordinates and dimensions. This study proposes a hierarchical registration framework for 3D reconstruction of construction sites based on surveillance cameras. This method can quickly perform on-site 3D reconstruction and restoration by taking surveillance camera images as inputs. It combines 2D and 3D features and does not need transfer learning or camera calibration. By experimenting on one construction site, we found that this framework can complete the 3D point cloud estimation and registration of construction sites within an average of 3.105 s through surveillance images. The average RMSE of the point cloud within the site is 0.358 m, which is better than most point cloud registration methods. Through this method, 3D data within the scope of surveillance cameras can be quickly obtained, and the connection between 2D and 3D can be effectively established. Combined with visual information, it is beneficial to the digital twin management of construction sites.
Construction of a miRNA Panel for Differentiating Lung Adenocarcinoma Brain Metastases and Glioblastoma
Authors: Torner Bernadett , Géczi Dóra , Klekner Álmos , Balogh István , Penyige András , Birkó Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Brain metastases (BM) are the most common type of intracranial malignant tumor and are associated with high mortality. More than 50% of BM cases originate from lung cancer, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is most commonly associated with the development of BM (25%). The differential diagnosis of solitary BM and glioblastoma (GBM)—one of the most aggressive and fatal malignant brain tumors—remains a considerable challenge. Given the major role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating gene expression, their clinical potential as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis offers significant promise. Methods: Next-generation RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to assess the miRNA expression profiles of 6 LUAD-BM, 6 GBM, and 6 control (non-tumoral brain tissue samples) human brain tissue samples. miRNAs exhibiting the most significant differential expression in LUAD-BM patients in comparison to both control subjects and GBM patients were selected for validation through RT-qPCR. Results: The analysis of RNA-seq data revealed the presence of 229 differentially expressed miRNAs in the comparison between LUAD-BM and control samples and 46 in the comparison between LU-AD-BM and GBM samples. Eight miRNAs were selected for further analysis, four of which were upregulated and four downregulated, based on the significant differences in their expression levels observed between the LUAD-BM samples and the other two groups, as confirmed with the Mann–Whitney U test. Functional enrichment analysis was also conducted based on a miRNA-centered target analysis performed using the miRNet tool. To assess the diagnostic potential of these differentially expressed miRNAs, we performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Conclusions: A panel of eight miRNAs was identified in human brain tissue samples, exhibiting high accuracy in distinguishing LUAD-BM from both GBM and control samples.
Computed Tomography-Based Sarcopenia and Pancreatic Cancer Survival—A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Exploring the Influence of Definition Criteria, Prevalence, and Treatment Intention
Authors: Láinez Ramos-Bossini Antonio Jesús , Gámez Martínez Antonio , Luengo Gómez David , Valverde-López Francisco , Morillo Gil Antonio Jesús , González Flores Encarnación , Salmerón Ruiz Ángela , Jiménez Gutiérrez Paula María , Melguizo Consolación , Prados José
Published: February 2025

Background: Sarcopenia has been associated with poor outcomes in pancreatic cancer (PC). However, published results are heterogeneous in terms of study design, oncological outcomes, and sarcopenia measurements. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of computed tomography (CT)-based sarcopenia on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with PC, considering potential confounders such as the CT-based method and thresholds used to define sarcopenia, as well as treatment intention. Methods: We systematically searched databases for observational studies reporting hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and PFS in PC patients stratified by CT-based sarcopenia status. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled crude and adjusted HRs (cHRs and aHRs, respectively), with subgroup analyses based on sarcopenia measurement methods, cutoff values, sarcopenia prevalence, and treatment intention. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 and τ2 statistics, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results: Data from 48 studies were included. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with worse OS (pooled cHR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.38–1.82; pooled aHR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.16–1.66) and worse PFS (pooled cHR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.29–1.86; pooled aHR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11–1.55). Subgroup analyses revealed significantly different, stronger associations in studies using stricter sarcopenia cutoffs (<50 cm2/m2 for males) and in patients undergoing curative treatments. Heterogeneity was substantial across analyses (I2 > 67%), but with generally low τ2 values (0.01–0.25). Egger’s test indicated potential publication bias for OS (p < 0.001), but no significant bias was observed for PFS (p = 0.576). Conclusions: Sarcopenia determined by CT is an independent predictor of poor OS and PFS in PC, but this association varies depending on the cutoff used for its definition as well as on the treatment intention. Therefore, its routine assessment in clinical practice could provide valuable prognostic information, but future research should focus on standardizing sarcopenia assessment methods.
Enantioselectivity Enhancement of a Geobacillus thermoleovorans CCR11 Lipase by Rational Design
Authors: Bustos-Baena Aaron-Salvador , Quintana-Castro Rodolfo , Sánchez-Otero María Guadalupe , Espinosa-Luna Graciela , Mendoza-López María Remedios , Peña-Montes Carolina , Oliart-Ros Rosa María
Published: February 2025

Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic esters at a lipid–water interface and are able to catalyze reactions such as alcoholysis, esterification, transesterification, and enantioselective synthesis in organic media. They are important biocatalysts for biotechnological and industrial applications—such as in the food and flavor industry—and in the production of biopharmaceuticals, biofuels, biopolymers, and detergents. A desirable property of lipases is stereoselectivity for the production of chemicals with high optical purity. In this work, we report the improvement of the enantioselective capabilities of the Geobacillus thermoleovorans CCR11 lipase. By means of a rational design and bioinformatic approaches, six amino acids of the catalytic cavity of the lipase LipTioCCR11 were substituted resulting in an increase in the optimum temperature of the enzyme and in the resistance to the presence of organic solvents in hydrolytic reactions, and in the promotion of the enantioselective recognition of R isomers of carboxylic acids with importance for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Immune Modulation in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Pathogenesis to Immunotherapy
Authors: Balkhi Sahar , Di Spirito Anna , Poggi Alessandro , Mortara Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia, affecting a significant proportion of the elderly population. AD is characterized by cognitive decline and functional impairments due to pathological hallmarks like amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Microglial activation, chronic neuroinflammation, and disruptions in neuronal communication further exacerbate the disease. Emerging research suggests that immune modulation could play a key role in AD treatment given the significant involvement of neuroinflammatory processes. This review focuses on recent advancements in immunotherapy strategies aimed at modulating immune responses in AD, with a specific emphasis on microglial behavior, amyloid clearance, and tau pathology. By exploring these immunotherapeutic approaches, we aim to provide insights into their potential to alter disease progression and improve patient outcomes, contributing to the evolving landscape of AD treatment.
Metabolic Regulation by the Hypothalamic Neuropeptide, Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone at Both the Central and Peripheral Levels
Authors: Son You Lee , Meddle Simone L. , Tobari Yasuko
Published: February 2025

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is well-established as a negative regulator of reproductive physiology and behavior across vertebrates, acting on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis; however, recent data have also demonstrated its involvement in the control of metabolic processes. GnIH neurons and fibers have been identified in hypothalamic regions associated with feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, with GnIH receptors being expressed throughout the hypothalamus. GnIH does not act alone in the hypothalamus, but rather interacts with the melanocortin system, as well as with other neuropeptides. GnIH and its receptors are also expressed in peripheral tissues involved in important metabolic functions. Therefore, the local action of GnIH in peripheral organs, including the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, gonad, and adipose tissue, is also suggested. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the emerging role of GnIH in metabolic regulation at both the central and peripheral levels.
Chemical and Biological Investigation of Ceiba chodatii Hassl. Flowers
Authors: Ibrahem Engy Saadalah , Fahim John Refaat , Samy Mamdouh Nabil , Darwish Ahmed G. , Desoukey Samar Yehia , Kamel Mohamed Salah , Ross Samir A.
Published: February 2025

Ceiba (syn. Chorisia) trees have attracted multifaceted attention not only due to their ornamental and economic value but also for their remarkable metabolic diversity and therapeutic properties. In view of that, this work explores the chemical composition of Ceiba chodatii Hassl. and its biological potential. Overall, GC–MS-based analysis of the lipoidal constituents of C. chodatii flowers revealed the presence of diverse classes of metabolites that were dominated by long-chain aliphatic esters (77.016%), ketones (6.396%), aliphatic hydrocarbons (5.757%), fatty alcohols (3.718%), aromatic acid esters (2.794%), alkylamides (1.58%), aldehydes (1.035%), aromatic hydrocarbons (0.31%), and ethers (0.29%). In addition, repeated chromatographic fractionation of different fractions of the total alcoholic extract of the flowers afforded 13 metabolites of varied structural types, including fatty esters and alcohols, phytosterols, monoglycerides, furanoids, and flavonoid glycosides. Structures of the obtained compounds were determined by different spectroscopic techniques, such as 1H- and 13C-NMR, APT, DEPT, and EI–MS analyses. Noteworthily, a wide range of the metabolites identified herein using different analytical approaches were described for the first time in the plant species under study or in those belonging to the genus Ceiba. Finally, the total extract and different fractions of C. chodatii flowers as well as the isolated flavonoids showed weak anti-infective potential against a group of human pathogens at concentration ranges up to 200 and 20 µg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the total extract and different fractions of the flowers exerted mild to moderate anti-proliferative activities against MDA-MB-468 cells, with IC50 in the range of 21.69–47.60 μg/mL.
Adolescents’ Self and Bullying Victimisation: The Key Role of Gender
Authors: Perazzini Matteo , Bontempo Danilo , Giancola Marco , D’Amico Simonetta , Perilli Enrico
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The primary factors influencing victimisation in bullying have recently become a topic of debate in the psychological literature. This research sought to explore the association between self-criticism (as captured in terms of inadequate self, hated self, and reassured self) and bullying victimisation, also addressing the moderating effects of gender. Methods: This study relies on a cross-sectional research design, enrolling a sample of 328 adolescents (Mage = 14.93; SDage = 0.81; 162 females, 49.4%). Participants completed a short questionnaire about their age, gender, and family’s socio-economic status. They also answered questions from the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale and the Florence Bullying and Victimisation Scales. Results: Statistical analysis indicated gender moderated only the interplay between hated self and bullying victimisation. Conclusions: Through a multidimensional approach, these findings provided further insight into the primary factors of self to the phenomenon of bullying victimisation, also yielding further evidence about the key role of gender during a critical developmental stage, such as adolescence. Limitations, implications, and future research directions are discussed.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Unmet Needs Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chiappedi Matteo
Published: February 2025

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic formally began on 11 March 2020, when the World Health Organization declared it as an evolution of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) [...]
Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diabetes Caused by ATP-Channel Mutations: Genetic Insights, Sulfonylurea Therapy, and Future Directions
Authors: Trada Michela , Novara Chiara , Moretto Martina , Burzi Edoardo , Tinti Davide , De Sanctis Luisa
Published: February 2025

Background: Neonatal diabetes (NDM) is a rare genetic disorder diagnosed in infants under six months of age, characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from insufficient or absent insulin production. Unlike the more common forms of diabetes, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), NDM is predominantly caused by monogenic mutations affecting ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels in pancreatic beta cells. The most common mutations involved in NDM are found in the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes, which encode the Kir6.2 and SUR1 subunits of the K-ATP channel, respectively. These mutations prevent normal insulin secretion by disrupting the function of the K-ATP channel. While genetic advances have identified about 40 genes implicated in NDM, the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 mutations are most commonly seen. Methods: This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the genetic basis, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies for NDM including the role of sulfonylureas, which have revolutionized the management of this condition. Furthermore, it presents a detailed case study of an infant diagnosed with an ABCC8 mutation, illustrating the pivotal role of genetic testing in guiding clinical decisions. Conclusions: Finally, the article discusses challenges in management, such as the persistence of neurological impairments, and outlines potential directions for future research including genetic therapies and prenatal diagnosis.