bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Modeling of Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Reveals Transcriptional Compensation and Replicates a Trigger-Induced Phenotype
Authors: Snow John P. , Westlake Grant , Klofas Lindsay K. , Jeon Soyoun , Armstrong Laura C. , Swoboda Kathryn J. , George Alfred L. , Ess Kevin C.
Published: April 2020

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by heterozygous de novo missense mutations in the ATP1A3 gene that encodes the neuronal specific α3 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase (NKA) pump. Mechanisms underlying patient episodes including environmental triggers remain poorly understood, and there are no empirically proven treatments for AHC. In this study, we generated patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and isogenic controls for the E815K ATP1A3 mutation that causes the most phenotypically severe form of AHC. Using an in vitro iPSC-derived cortical neuron disease model, we found elevated levels of ATP1A3 mRNA in AHC lines compared to controls, without significant perturbations in protein expression. Microelectrode array analyses demonstrated that in cortical neuronal cultures, ATP1A3+/E815K iPSC-derived neurons displayed a non-significant trend toward less overall activity than neurons differentiated from isogenic mutation-corrected and unrelated control cell lines. However, induction of cellular stress by elevated temperature revealed a hyperactivity phenotype following heat stress in ATP1A3+/E815K lines compared to control lines. Treatment with flunarizine, a drug commonly used to prevent AHC episodes, did not impact this stress-triggered phenotype. These findings support the use of iPSC-derived neuronal cultures for studying complex neurodevelopmental conditions such as AHC and provide a potential route toward future therapeutic screening and mechanistic discovery in a human disease model.
20-Hydroxyecdysone activates the protective arm of the renin angiotensin system via Mas receptor
Authors: Lafont René , Raynal Sophie , Serova Maria , Didry-Barca Blaise , Guibout Louis , Latil Mathilde , Dilda Pierre J. , Dioh Waly , Veillet Stanislas
Published: April 2020

20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is a steroid hormone that plays a key role in insect development through nuclear ecdysone receptors (EcRs) and at least one membrane GPCR receptor (DopEcR) and displays numerous pharmacological effects in mammals. However, its mechanism of action is still debated, involving either an unidentified GPCR or the estrogen ERβ receptor. The goal of our study was to better understand 20E mechanism of action.

A mouse myoblast cell line (C2C12) and the gene expression of myostatin (a negative regulator of muscle growth) was used as a reporter system of anabolic activity. Experiments using protein-bound 20E established the involvement of a membrane receptor. 20E-like effects were also observed with Angiotensin-(1-7), the endogenous ligand of Mas. Additionally, the effect on myostatin gene expression was abolished by Mas receptor knock-down using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or pharmacological inhibitors.

17β-Estradiol (E2) also inhibited myostatin gene expression, but protein-bound E2 was inactive, and E2 activity was not abolished by angiotensin-(1-7) antagonists. A mechanism involving cooperation between Mas receptor and a membrane-bound palmitoylated estrogen receptor is proposed.

The possibility to activate the Mas receptor with a safe steroid molecule is consistent with the pleiotropic pharmacological effects of ecdysteroids in mammals and indeed this mechanism may explain the close similarity between angiotensin-(1-7) and 20E effects. Our findings open a lot of possible therapeutic developments by stimulating the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) with 20E.
A minimal and adaptive prediction strategy for critical resource planning in a pandemic
Authors: Prakash Meher K. , Kaushal Shaurya , Bhattacharya Soumyadeep , Chandran Akshay , Kumar Aloke , Ansumali Santosh
Published: April 2020

Current epidemiological models can in principle model the temporal evolution of a pandemic. However, any such model will rely on parameters that are unknown, which in practice are estimated using stochastic and poorly measured quantities. As a result, an early prediction of the long-term evolution of a pandemic will quickly lose relevance, while a late model will be too late to be useful for disaster management. Unless a model is designed to be adaptive, it is bound either to lose relevance over time, or lose trust and thus not have a second-chance for retraining. We propose a strategy for estimating the number of infections and the number of deaths, that does away with time-series modeling, and instead makes use of a “phase portrait approach.” We demonstrate that, with this approach, there is a universality to the evolution of the disease across countries, that can then be used to make reliable predictions. These same models can also be used to plan the requirements for critical resources during the pandemic. The approach is designed for simplicity of interpretation, and adaptivity over time. Using our model, we predict the number of infections and deaths in Italy and New York State, based on an adaptive algorithm which uses early available data, and show that our predictions closely match the actual outcomes. We also carry out a similar exercise for India, where in addition to projecting the number of infections and deaths, we also project the expected range of critical resource requirements for hospitalizations in a location.
Signature of the State measures on the COVID-19 Pandemic in China, Italy, and USA
Authors: Saif Farhan
Published: April 2020

We show the dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak in Italy and USA, in comparison with China, and the early response of the countries. Our mathematical techniques makes it possible to calculate the rate of growth of the cases efficiently, and provides a good understanding of future trends in Italy and USA. The evolution of the real time data makes it possible to analyse the suitability of steps taken to eradicate the pandemic by the countries. We compare the day to day development of the coronavirus cases in Italy and USA, that keeping in view the population pyramid and the population density, leads us to understand possible difference in the number of effected population.
Extrafascial transfissural approach with finger fracture technique approach for liver resection.Old is still gold?
Authors: Vasavada Bhavin B , Patel Hardik
Published: April 2020

Background

We evaluated our protocol of extrafascial transfissural approach for liver resection with intrafascial approach that we use in case of donor hepatectomy.

Material and Method

We use extrafascial transfissural approach with finger fracture technique for liver resections and inftrafascial approach with clamp crush technique in case of donor hepatectomy. Major hepatectomy defined as resection of 2 or more adjacent segments.We compared these two techniques with regard to blood loss, operative time, morbidity and mortality.We also evaluated over all factors responsible for 90 days mortality.statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.(IBM).Categorical factors were evaluated using chi square test and numerical factors were analyzed using Mann Whitney U test. Multivariate analysis was done using logisitic regression method. Ethical approval for our clinical study was obtained by human research COA number SBI 3246.

Results

We evaluated 26 liver resections done in last three years. 19 liver resections were done using extrafascial transfissural approach for various liver tumors and 7 living donor hepatectomies were done using itrafascial technique with clamp crush methods. Mean age of patients was 50.73 years.16 patients were males and 10 were females. Mean blood loss was 273.9 ml and mean operative duration was 184.7 minutes. 22 were major resections, 4 were minor liver resections. All minor liver resections were in transfissural approach however there was no statistical significant difference between them. Being live liver doners patients in intrafacial group they were younger than extrafascial transfissural group. (p=0.01). There was no statistical significant difference in blood loss, blood products requirements, morbidity, in hospital and 90 days mortality in both the groups. However extrafascial transfissural with finger fracture technique was associated with significant less operative time. (168.13 minutes vs 222.86 minutes) (p=0.006). 90 days mortality was associated with higher ASA grade (0.018) and blood loss (0.008). However in multivariate analysis no factor indepedently predicted mortality.

Conclusion

Extrafascial transfissural approach significantly reduces operative time, without affecting morbidity and mortality in liver resection.
Litter decomposition rates of biocrust-forming lichens are similar to that of vascular plants and are affected by warming in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Berdugo Miguel , Mendoza-Aguilar Dinorah O. , Rey Ana , Ochoa Victoria , Gozalo Beatriz , García-Huss Laura , Maestre Fernando T.
Published: April 2020

Despite the high relevance of communities dominated by lichens, mosses and cyanobacteria living on the soil surface (biocrusts) for ecosystem functioning in drylands worldwide, no study to date has investigated the decomposition of biocrust-forming lichen litterin situ. Thus, we do not know whether the drivers of its decomposition are similar to those for plant litter (e.g., importance of abiotic degradation through UV radiation), the magnitude of lichen decomposition rates and whether they will be affected by climate change. Here we report results from a litter decomposition experiment carried out with two biocrust-forming lichens (Diploschistes diacapsisandCladonia convoluta) in central Spain. We evaluated how lichen decomposition was affected by warming, rainfall exclusion and the combination of both. We also manipulated the incidence of UV radiation using mesh material that blocked 10% or 90% of incoming UV radiation. Our results indicate that lichens decompose as fast as some plants typical of the region (k~0.3) and that the chemical composition of their thallus drives litter decomposition rates. Warming increased decomposition rates of both lichen species, and mediated the effects of photodegradation. While UV exposure accelerated the decomposition ofD. diacapsis, it slowed down that ofC. convoluta. Our results indicate that biocrust-forming lichens can decompose in the field at a rate similar to that of vascular plants, and that this process will be affected by warming. Our findings further highlight the need of incorporating biocrusts into carbon cycling models to better understand and forecast climate change impacts on terrestrial biogeochemistry.
ConvDip: A convolutional neural network for better EEG Source Imaging
Authors: Hecker Lukas , Rupprecht Rebekka , van Elst Ludger Tebartz , Kornmeier Jürgen
Published: April 2020

1

The EEG is a well-established non-invasive method in neuroscientific research and clinical diagnostics. It provides a high temporal but low spatial resolution of brain activity. In order to gain insight about the spatial dynamics of the EEG one has to solve the inverse problem, i.e. finding the neural sources that give rise to the recorded EEG activity. The inverse problem is ill-posed, which means that more than one configuration of neural sources can evoke one and the same distribution of EEG activity on the scalp. Artificial neural networks have been previously used successfully to find either one or two dipoles sources. These approaches, however, have never solved the inverse problem in a distributed dipole model with more than two dipole sources. We present ConvDip, a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that solves the EEG inverse problem in a distributed dipole model based on simulated EEG data. We show that (1) ConvDip learned to produce inverse solutions from a single time point of EEG data and (2) outperforms state-of-the-art methods on all focused performance measures. It is more flexible when dealing with varying number of sources, produces less ghost sources and misses less real sources than the comparison methods. It produces plausible inverse solutions for real EEG recordings from human participants. (4) The trained network needs less than 40 ms for a single prediction. Our results qualify ConvDip as an efficient and easy-to-apply novel method for source localization in EEG data, with high relevance for clinical applications, e.g. in epileptology and real time applications.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) envelope (E) protein harbors a conserved BH3-like sequence
Authors: Navratil Vincent , Lionnard Loïc , Longhi Sonia , Hardwick J. Marie , Combet Christophe , Aouacheria Abdel
Published: April 2020

Disclaimer text

The authors have withdrawn their manuscript whilst they perform additional experiments to test some of their conclusions further. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Hospital and Community-acquired Urinary Tract Infections by Escherichia coli: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Guanyu , Lv Xiaoju
Published: April 2020

In recent years, antimicrobial resistance has been increasingly reported. One main concern is the resistance of gram-negative bacteria like E. coli to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones). Gram-negative bacteria are the main cause of community and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). We aimed to review and analyze the data on ciprofloxacin resistance in hospital and community-acquired UTI. A literature search of three electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane) was performed. We considered the papers that were published from January 2004 to May 2019. The search yielded a total of 16097 studies besides 31 studies from a manual search. Filtering yielded 1297 relevant full-text papers. Eighty-three papers, equivalent of 99 cohorts, were finally included in this systematic review and in the analysis. The analysis results suggest that pooled ciprofloxacin resistance for community and hospital-acquired E. coli UTI is 0.27 (95% CI 0.246–0.303) and 0.30 (95% CI 0.22–0.38), respectively. Pooled resistance rates according to regions are 0.43 (95% CI 0.31–0.54) for Asia ensued by Africa 0.31 (95% CI 0.22–0.35), the Middle East 0.21(95% CI 0.13-0.30), Europe 0.18 (95% CI 0.13-0.22), and Australia 0.06 (95% CI 0.04-0.08). The pooled estimates revealed that ciprofloxacin resistance was higher in developing countries compared to that in developed countries, 0.35 (95% CI 0.30-0.40) and 0.13 (95% CI 0.10-0.16), respectively. Finally, plotting resistance over time deemed statistically significant (n= 79, r= 0.29,p= 0.038). Our findings suggest that ciprofloxacin resistance among UTI patients is a highly prevalent and serious issue. The suggested risks are low-income, acquiring hospital infection, and falling in highly-vulnerable regions like Asia and Africa. We also shed light on some approaches to correct the perception of patients and general practitioners (GPs) for antibiotic usage. We also suggest ideas to impede the progress of the post-antibiotic era in countries known for high antibiotic resistance.
A novel luminescence-based β-arrestin membrane recruitment assay for unmodified GPCRs
Authors: Pedersen Maria Hauge , Pham Jennifer , Mancebo Helena , Inoue Asuka , Javitch Jonathan A.
Published: April 2020

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal through activation of G proteins and subsequent modulation of downstream effectors. More recently, G protein-independent signaling via the arrestin pathway has also been implicated in important physiological functions. This has led to great interest in the identification of biased ligands that favor either the G protein or arrestin-signaling pathways. Currently available screening techniques that measure arrestin recruitment have required C-terminal receptor modifications that can in principle alter protein interactions and thus signaling. Here, we have developed a novel luminescence-based assay to measure arrestin recruitment to any unmodified receptor.

NanoLuc, an engineered luciferase fromophlorus gracilirostris(deep sea shrimp), is smaller and brighter than other well-established luciferases. Recently, several publications have explored functional NanoLuc split sites for use in complementation assays. Here, we have identified a novel split site and have fused the N-terminal fragment to a membrane tether and the C-terminal fragment to the N-terminus of either β-arrestin 1 or 2. Upon receptor activation, arrestin is recruited to the plasma membrane in an agonist concentration-dependent manner and the two NanoLuc fragments complement to reconstitute functional luciferase, which allows quantification of recruitment with a single luminescence signal. Our assay avoids potential artifacts related to C-terminal receptor modification. The split NanoLuc arrestin recruitment assay has promise as a new generic assay for measuring arrestin recruitment to diverse GPCR types in heterologous or native cells.
bHLH11 inhibits bHLH IVc proteins by recruiting the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED corepressors in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Yang , Lei Rihua , Pu Mengna , Cai Yuerong , Lu Chengkai , Li Zhifang , Liang Gang
Published: April 2020

Iron (Fe) homeostasis is essential for plant growth and development. Many transcription factors play pivotal roles in the maintenance of Fe homeostasis. bHLH11 was identified as a negative transcription factor regulating Fe homeostasis, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. We generated two loss-of-functionbhlh11mutants which display the enhanced sensitivity to Fe excess, the increased Fe accumulation and the elevated expression of Fe deficiency responsive genes. bHLH11 protein, localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, decreases in response to Fe deficiency. Coexpression assays indicate that bHLH IVc transcription factors (TFs) (bHLH34, bHLH104, bHLH105, and bHLH115) facilitate the nuclear accumulation of bHLH11 protein. Further analysis indicates that bHLH11 represses the transactivity of bHLH IVc TFs towards bHLH Ib genes (bHLH38, bHLH39, bHLH100, andbHLH101). bHLH11 contains two EAR motifs which are responsible for the repression function by recruiting the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPRs) corepressors. Correspondingly, the expression of Fe uptake genes increases in thetpr1 tpr4 tplmutant. Moreover, genetic analysis reveals that bHLH11 has functions independent of FIT. This study provides insights into the complicate Fe homeostasis signaling network.

One-sentence summary

bHLH IVc proteins promote the bHLH11 protein accumulation in the nucleus where bHLH11 inhibits the transcriptional activation ability of bHLH IVc via its EAR motifs recruiting the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED corepressors.
The 3.2Å resolution structure of human mTORC2
Authors: Scaiola Alain , Mangia Francesca , Imseng Stefan , Boehringer Daniel , Berneiser Karolin , Shimobayashi Mitsugu , Stuttfeld Edward , Hall Michael N. , Ban Nenad , Maier Timm
Published: April 2020

The protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the central regulator of cell growth. Aberrant mTOR signaling is linked to cancer, diabetes and neurological disorders. mTOR exerts its functions in two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Here we report a 3.2 Å resolution cryo-EM reconstruction of mTORC2. It reveals entangled folds of the defining Rictor and the substrate-binding SIN1 subunits, identifies the C-terminal domain of Rictor as the source of the rapamycin insensitivity of mTORC2, and resolves mechanisms for mTORC2 regulation by complex destabilization. Two novel small molecule binding sites are visualized, an inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) pocket in mTOR and an mTORC2-specific nucleotide binding site in Rictor which also forms a zinc finger. Structural and biochemical analyses suggest that InsP6 and nucleotide binding do not control mTORC2 activity directly but rather have roles in folding or ternary interactions. These insights provide a firm basis for studying mTORC2 signaling and for developing mTORC2-specific inhibitors.
DEBay: a computational tool for deconvolution of quantitative PCR data for estimation of cell type-specifc gene expression in a mixed population
Authors: Devaraj Vimalathithan , Bose Biplab
Published: April 2020

The expression of a gene is commonly estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using RNA isolated from a large number of pooled cells. Such pooled samples often have subpopulations of cells with different levels of expression of the target gene. Estimation of gene expression from an ensemble of cells obscures the pattern of expression in different subpopulations. Physical separation of various subpopulations is a demanding task. We have developed a computational tool, Deconvolution of Ensemble through Bayes-approach (DEBay), to estimate cell type-specific gene expression from qPCR data of a mixed population. DEBay estimates Normalized Gene Expression Coefficient (NGEC), which is a relative measure of the expression of the target gene in each cell type in a population. NGEC has a direct algebraic correspondence with the normalized fold change in gene expression measured by qPCR. DEBay can deconvolute both time-dependent and -independent gene expression profiles. It uses the Bayesian method of model selection and parameter estimation. We have evaluated DEBay using synthetic and real experimental data. DEBay is implemented in Python. A GUI of DEBay and its source code are available for download at SourceForge (https://sourceforge.net/projects/debay).
Supplier flexibility and performance: an empirical research
Authors: Üstündağ Asuman , Ungan Mustafa C.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

A literature review conducted for this study showed that although different aspects of supply chain flexibility have been studied, research on the factors affecting supplier flexibility and the impact of supplier flexibility on supplier performance are conspicuously absent. The present study aims to fill in this gap in the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research design was adopted. Data were collected from 119 manufacturing companies operating in Turkey and analyzed by structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings show that supplier flexibility is associated with environmental uncertainty, relationships with the buyer and the quality of information shared between the buyer and the supplier, but not with the level of information shared between the buyer and the supplier. The findings also indicate that supplier flexibility affects supplier performance.

Research limitations/implications

The generalizability of the findings can be considered as a limitation. In the future, sector-based larger-scale studies are desirable. Also, data can be collected from both the main business and suppliers and findings may be compared.

Practical implications

The findings of this study help decision-makers to make more informed decisions about information exchange, supplier relationships and environmental uncertainties depending on the degree of flexibility that they request from their suppliers.

Originality/value

A literature review for this study indicated that there is a lack of research on the factors affecting supplier flexibility. Therefore, this research is expected to make an original contribution to the literature.
A hierarchical model for critical success factors in apparel supply chain
Authors: Chowdhury Nighat Afroz , Ali Syed Mithun , Paul Sanjoy Kumar , Mahtab Zuhayer , Kabir Golam
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Supply chain management plays an important role in sustaining businesses in today's competitive environment. Therefore, industrial managers are focusing on exploring the key performance improvement attributes of supply chain management to achieve a better position in the global market. Aimed at ensuring best supply chain management practices, this study presents the key performance improvement attributes, known as critical success factors (CSFs), within the context of the apparel supply chain of Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the interpretive structural modeling method (ISM) has been applied to develop a structural framework to analyze the contextual relationship among the factors under consideration. MICMAC (Matriced' Impacts Croise´s Multiplication Applique´e a´ unClassement) analysis has also been performed to define the classification of the CSFs in terms of their driving and dependence power.

Findings

The research findings reveal that supply chain collaboration/partnership and customer satisfaction are of crucial importance to success in the context of supply chain management of the readymade (RMG) garments industry of Bangladesh. Further evidence suggests that these, along with other success factors, can assist in achieving a competitive advantage and better market position. A number of theoretical and managerial implications have been provided for managers and practitioners, and for further evaluation of the study.

Originality/value

This paper considers a new supply chain problem which identifies and evaluates critical success factors. This paper also develops a new structural model for evaluating critical success factors.
Abusive supervision and frontline employees’ attitudinal outcomes
Authors: Al-Hawari Mohd Ahmad , Bani-Melhem Shaker , Quratulain Samina
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine a moderated mediation model that explains how abusive supervision influences employees’ capacity to satisfy customers (via their silence behavior) and how a customer-oriented work climate moderates the indirect influence of abusive supervision on frontline employees’ (FLEs) capacity to satisfy customers.

Design/methodology/approach

A time-lagged design was used to collect data from 335 FLEs of 57 hospitality organizations. A multilevel analysis was performed to test the hypotheses underpinning the study.

Findings

The findings revealed that employees are more likely to remain silent when they experience abusive supervision and this silence directly affects their ability to serve customers. The effect that abusive supervision has on silence behaviors is stronger when organizational customer orientation is low.

Practical implications

The study findings can provide hospitality managers with a better understanding of the complex relationship between supervisory behaviors and the organizational environment and how these factors influence employees’ discretionary behaviors (e.g. decision to intentionally withhold information) and capacity to serve customers.

Originality/value

The findings provide a novel contribution by explaining how abusive supervision affects hospitality employees’ capacity to serve customers and when this effect is more pronounced. These findings highlight that hospitality organizations need to understand that when leader behavior does not align with what is prescribed for a customer-oriented service climate, the benefits of a favorable work climate do not exist.
Investigating the triangular relationship between temporary event workforce, event employment businesses and event organisers
Authors: Michopoulou Eleni , Azara Iride , Russell Anna
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine issues of talent management (TM) in events. Specifically, it investigates the triangular relationship that exists amongst temporary event workforces, event employment businesses (EEBs) and event organisers (EOs).

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed method design was used including a quantitative survey of UK temporary event workers (TEW) to examine their characteristics and motivations to work at events; a qualitative survey with (EOs) to understand the reasons for using TEW and (EEBs) and interviews with EEBs to understand their challenges in delivering best-fit between TEW and EOs.

Findings

This study sheds light on the complex relationships amongst temporary event workforces, EOs and event employment businesses. Findings show TEW who display high levels of affective commitment towards their employment organisation and possess the characteristics of extraversion and contentiousness, are highly motivated to work at events. EOs suggest their operational restrictions (such as limited resources, time and expertise) are fuelling the need to use EEBs to source staff with the right skills and attitudes. In turn, these recruiters demonstrate they play an active role in reconciling the often-conflicting needs of EOs and TEW.

Originality/value

This study extends knowledge and understanding on TM in events by providing insights into the characteristics of TEW as a growing labour market segment in the event sector. Significantly, the study contributes to a better understanding of the critical role that EEBs play in the construction, development and management of talent in events.
The Xenocentrism scale in Brazil: validation with wine consumers
Authors: Mueller Adilson , Damacena Cláudio , Torres Cláudio Vaz
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to obtain evidence for validity of the consumer xenocentrism scale adapted to wine consumption in Brazil. Xenocentrism is the internalized belief of the consumer about the inferiority of national products, and a propensity to prefer foreign products when compared to national products for the purposes of social aggrandizement.

Design/methodology/approach

Two samples composed of wine consumers were investigated (online and paper-and-pencil questionnaires), and the scale validation process was carried out in two studies. The sample of the first study was composed of 195 participants, and in the second study, 258 participants were investigated. Data were treated with confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling.

Findings

Main results pointed to the discriminant and predictive validity for the Brazilian version of the scale of consumer xenocentrism adapted to the context of wine consumption.

Originality/value

This study expands on the original one by Balabanis and Diamantopoulus (2016), proposing the validation of the scale with Brazilian consumers. It also expands on the understanding of this behavior to a specific product (domestic wines) and offers evidence of scale validity in a culturally and economically context different from that of the original study, suggesting some evidence that the xenocentrism construct may actually occur in different cultures. An agenda of empirical research is suggested, to the understanding of the antecedents of xenocentric consumption behavior that will help Brazilian wineries to come up with more effective marketing strategies.
A tribometer and methodology for wear and friction testing of porous journal bearings at elevated temperatures
Authors: Ielchici Christian Dejan , Krenn Stefan , Eder Stefan J.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims on a methodology to overcome the fact that conventional service life testing of porous journal bearings (PJBs) requires long test times and is not economical.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper sketches out a pathway to strongly accelerated life tests for PJBs enabled by high load and elevated temperature, which saves months or even years of testing. The testing time is not only reduced to a few weeks, but the results are also statistically secured via a multiple test rig construction of a custom-made tribometer.

Findings

An exemplary bearing-lubricant combination is tested in the mixed lubrication regime, where the coefficient of friction is monitored during the test.

Originality/value

A Weibull curve is fitted to the experimental results to show the survival probability of the combination over time.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at:https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2019-0351/
High pressure‐assisted vacuum‐freeze drying: A novel, efficient way to accelerate moisture migration in shrimp processing
Authors: Ling Jian‐Gang , Xuan Xiao‐Ting , Yu Ning , Cui Yan , Shang Hai‐Tao , Liao Xiao‐Jun , Lin Xu‐Dong , Yu Jing‐Feng , Liu Dong‐Hong
Published: April 2020

High pressure processing (HPP), as nonthermal processing technology, has the potential to increase the drying rate due to its improvement of heat and mass exchange in different processes. In this study, the moisture migration in shrimps during HPP‐vacuum‐freeze drying (HPP‐VFD) processes has been monitored by using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance image (MRI) in comparison with hot air‐drying and VFD. Based on the T2 relaxation spectra, three water fractions corresponding to bound water (hydrogen‐bonded water), immobile water (water trapped by organization structure or cell member), and free water were observed. For group B, with increasing drying time (4 to 22 hr), the transverse relaxation times of T21, T22, and T23 were significantly decreased (76.79%, 57.78%, and 40.9%) (P < 0.05). The content of immobile water (A22) and free water (A23) decreased (81.55% and 89.07%), whereas the bound water (A21) increased (7.26%). In comparison with group B, the T21, T22, and T23 of group C showed greater decrease (83.12%, 87.12%, and 89.57% for group C) so that HPP pretreatment could shorten the relaxation time. MRI analysis further proved that HPP‐VFD drying has improved drying efficiency, and moisture migration was from the exterior to the interior part with increasing drying time. SEM analysis demonstrated that no significant damage of muscle fibers with narrower gaps was observed for groups B and C. Overall, HPP, as a pretreatment technology, could accelerate the moisture migration and improve the drying efficiency of VFD process for shrimp.

Practical Application

High pressure processing (HPP) is now well known as a nonthermal processing technology and becoming increasingly acknowledged. However, there is limited information about its application in shrimp‐drying process and the moisture dynamic of shrimp subjected to high pressure processing‐assisted vacuum‐freeze drying. This study could provide valuable information regarding the moisture status and migration in HPP‐VFD shrimp monitored by LF‐NMR and MRI methods. The results showed that HPP processing at 550 MPa for 10 min can be used as an interesting method for drying pretreatment, increasing its drying rate and consequently reducing its process time, and it demonstrated that the methods used in this study had good correlation coefficient with physicochemical properties of shrimp, which may be real‐time and nondestructive monitoring methods for shrimp‐drying process.
Meeting the needs of older people living in Australian residential aged care: A new conceptual model
Authors: Ibrahim Joseph E , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre , Rayner Jo‐Anne , McAuliffe Linda , Jain Briony , Bauer Michael
Published: April 2020

Objective

To report on the conceptualisation of a model for residential aged care in Australia.

Methods

Three‐stage approach involving initial model conceptualisation; extensive consultation with stakeholders to test and develop the model for feasibility and acceptability; and examination of whether the model addresses circumstances that arise in scenarios of organisational failure.

Results

A model consisting of five domains relevant to the experience of older adults living in residential aged care—health care; social inclusion; rights; personal care and re‐ablement; and dementia management.

Conclusions

This proposed model of residential aged care takes as its purpose the provision of person‐centred care to older people with complex health issues, requiring end‐of‐life care, and/or living with dementia. This includes supporting dignity of risk and quality of life and enabling older adults to thrive.
Carcinoid tumours of the appendix: an analysis of emergency appendicectomies over a 24‐year period and outcomes of laparoscopic versus open resection
Authors: Chai Qijun D. , Pillai Sooraj , Mcclure Robert , Laycock Andrew , Wijesuriya Ruwan
Published: April 2020

Background

Carcinoid tumours of the appendix are the most common primary malignant lesion of the appendix. However, the overall incidence remains low; found in as few as 0.3–0.9% appendicectomy specimens. Almost all appendiceal carcinoids are found incidentally during surgery for suspected appendicitis.

Methods

A retrospective review of all appendiceal carcinoids was performed in six hospitals from January 1990 until December 2013. Demographic data, operative technique, histopathological characteristics, clinic reviews and need for further treatment were recorded and compared with literature.

Results

Appendiceal carcinoids were identified in 175 specimens. The mean age is 32 years (range 8–87 years), with 69 (39.4%) males and 106 (60.6%) females (P < 0.0001). Of these, 106 underwent open surgery with standard McBurney incision, nine underwent full laparotomy and 60 underwent laparoscopic surgery. Six of the laparoscopic surgeries were converted to open procedures. We recorded 159 (90.75%) classical carcinoids and 16 (9.25%) goblet cell carcinoids. Overall, 131 (75.7%) had concurrent appendicitis; classical carcinoid 72.6% versus goblet cell carcinoid 93.8%. The median size of the goblet cell carcinoids was significantly larger than classical carcinoids. Classical carcinoids were mostly distal to the base, while goblet cell carcinoids had equal distribution. It appears that the involvement of resection margins was not influenced by the surgical technique. Thirty patients required further right hemicolectomy as treatment for high‐risk features; open 19 (15.9%) versus laparoscopic 11 (20.4%).

Conclusions

Laparoscopic appendicectomy did not seem to adversely influence the margin clearance in appendiceal carcinoid, though we recommend that all appendicectomies should include the mesoappendix.
Clinical course of adrenal myelolipoma: A long‐term longitudinal follow‐up study
Authors: Hamidi Oksana , Raman Ram , Lazik Natalia , Iniguez‐Ariza Nicole , McKenzie Travis J. , Lyden Melanie L. , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Dy Benzon M. , Young William F. , Bancos Irina
Published: April 2020

Objective

We aimed to describe clinical course of myelolipoma and to identify predictors of tumour growth and need for surgery.

Design

A retrospective study.

Patients

Consecutive patients with myelolipoma.

Results

A total of 321 myelolipomas (median size, 2.3 cm) were diagnosed in 305 patients at median age of 63 years (range, 25‐87). Median follow‐up was 54 months. Most myelolipomas were incidentally detected (86%), whereas 9% were discovered during cancer staging and 5% during workup of mass effect symptoms. Thirty‐seven (12%) patients underwent adrenalectomy. Compared to myelolipomas <6 cm, tumours ≥6 cm were more likely to be bilateral (21% vs 3%, P < .0001), cause mass effect symptoms (32% vs 0%, P < .0001), have haemorrhagic changes (14% vs 1%, P < .0001) and undergo adrenalectomy (52% vs 5%, P < .0001). Among patients with ≥6 months of imaging follow‐up, median size change was 0 mm (−10, 115) and median growth rate was 0 mm/y (−6, 14). Compared to <1 cm growth, ≥1 cm growth correlated with larger initial size (3.6 vs 2.3 cm, P = .02), haemorrhagic changes (12% vs 2%, P = .007) and adrenalectomy (35% vs 8%, P < .0001).

Conclusions

Most myelolipomas are incidentally discovered on cross‐sectional imaging. Myelolipomas ≥6 are more likely to cause mass effect symptoms, have haemorrhagic changes and undergo resection. Tumour growth ≥1 cm is associated with larger myelolipoma and haemorrhagic changes. Adrenalectomy should be considered in symptomatic patients with large tumours and when there is evidence of haemorrhage or tumour growth.
Comparison of the safety and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy between octogenarians and non‐octogenarians
Authors: Abe Hirofumi , Tanaka Shinwa , Kawara Fumiaki , Toyonaga Takashi , Ariyoshi Ryusuke , Sakaguchi Hiroya , Sako Tomoya , Ikezawa Nobuaki , Kodama Yuzo
Published: April 2020

Objectives

This study compared the safety and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal motility disorders between octogenarians and non‐octogenarians.

Methods

This retrospective observational study recruited 321 patients (28 octogenarians and 293 non‐octogenarians) who underwent peroral endoscopic myotomy from two institutions. Clinical success (postoperative Eckardt score ≤ 3), technical success (completion of gastric and esophageal myotomy), and perioperative adverse events were compared between octogenarians and non‐octogenarians. Perioperative adverse events were classified into major and minor adverse events based on the International Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy Survey criteria and were subdivided into technical and non‐technical adverse events according to the presence of a direct causal relationship with the procedure.

Results

There were no significant differences in the rates of clinical success 1 year after treatment (100% vs. 97.3%, P = 0.64) and technical success (100% vs. 99.7%, P = 0.91) between octogenarians and non‐octogenarians. Octogenarians had a higher incidence of perioperative adverse events (28.6% vs. 10.2%, P = 0.00097), particularly major adverse events (25.0% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of minor adverse events (7.1% vs. 7.9%, P = 0.67). Although there was no difference in the incidence of technical adverse events (10.7% vs. 9.2%, P = 0.74), octogenarians had a significantly higher incidence of non‐technical adverse events (17.9% vs. 1.0%, P = 0.0002).

Conclusions

There were no significant differences in short‐term clinical success and technical success between octogenarians and non‐octogenarians. However, octogenarians showed a significantly higher incidence of perioperative adverse events, particularly in major adverse events and non‐technical adverse events. Peroral endoscopic myotomy for octogenarians should be carefully applied.
Comparison of genomic diversity and structure of sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) in zoos, conservation centers, and private ranches in North America
Authors: Gooley Rebecca M. , Tamazian Gaik , Castañeda‐Rico Susette , Murphy Katherine R. , Dobrynin Pavel , Ferrie Gina M. , Haefele Holly , Maldonado Jesús E. , Wildt David E. , Pukazhenthi Budhan S. , Edwards Cody W. , Koepfli Klaus‐Peter
Published: April 2020

As we enter the sixth mass extinction, many species that are no longer self‐sustaining in their natural habitat will require ex situ management. Zoos have finite resources for ex situ management, and there is a need for holistic conservation programs between the public and private sector. Ex situ populations of sable antelope, Hippotragus niger, have existed in zoos and privately owned ranches in North America since the 1910s. Unknown founder representation and relatedness has made the genetic management of this species challenging within zoos, while populations on privately owned ranches are managed independently and retain minimal‐to‐no pedigree history. Consequences of such challenges include an increased risk of inbreeding and a loss of genetic diversity. Here, we developed and applied a customized targeted sequence capture panel based on 5,000 genomewide single‐nucleotide polymorphisms to investigate the genomic diversity present in these uniquely managed populations. We genotyped 111 sable antelope: 23 from zoos, 43 from a single conservation center, and 45 from ranches. We found significantly higher genetic diversity and significantly lower inbreeding in herds housed in zoos and conservation centers, when compared to those in privately owned ranches, likely due to genetic‐based breeding recommendations implemented in the former populations. Genetic clustering was strong among all three populations, possibly as a result of genetic drift. We propose that the North American ex situ population of sable antelope would benefit from a metapopulation management system, to halt genetic drift, reduce the occurrence of inbreeding, and enable sustainable population sizes to be managed ex situ.
Comprehensive histological investigation of age‐related changes in dermal extracellular matrix and muscle fibers in the upper lip vermilion
Authors: Gomi T. , Imamura T.
Published: April 2020

Objective

Few histological studies have directly examined age‐related changes within the lips, although non‐invasive investigations of such changes are increasing. Therefore, this study aimed to provide histological and molecular data on age‐dependent alterations in the vermilion.

Methods

Upper vermilion specimens from 15 female Caucasian cadavers (age range, 27–78 years) were investigated histologically or immunohistochemically.

Results

Histologically, age‐dependent decreases in areas occupied by hyaluronan and collagenous fibres in the dermis of upper vermilion were demonstrated. Elastic fibre content varied widely between individuals. The area occupied by muscle fibres in the orbicularis oris muscle region within the vermilion also correlated negatively with age. Immunohistochemically, signals of four proteins were attenuated in vermilion from older individuals compared with young individuals: procollagen type I, hyaluronan synthase (HAS)1, myosin heavy chain (MYH)2 (a component of fast‐twitch oxidative muscle fibres) and MYH7 (a component of slow‐twitch muscle fibres). In contrast, signals of cell migration inducing hyaluronidase 1 (CEMIP) were intensified in vermilion from older individuals. No marked differences between young and older individuals were seen in procollagen type III, HAS2, HAS3, hyaluronidase (HYAL)1, HYAL2, MYH1 or MYH4.

Conclusion

Age‐dependent decreases of hyaluronan in the dermis of vermilion were prominent, possibly due to both the decrease in synthesis (HAS1) and the increase in degradation (CEMIP). Furthermore, age‐dependent decreases in collagenous fibres and two types of muscle fibre in the vermilion were also identified histologically. Type I collagen, MYH2 and MYH7 appear to represent the molecules responsible for these respective decrements.
Virtual Reality as a novel educational tool in pre‐clinical paediatric dentistry training: Students’ perceptions
Authors: Zafar Sobia , Lai Yvonne , Sexton Christopher , Siddiqi Allauddin
Published: April 2020

Background

Dental students are required to demonstrate competency by pre‐clinical simulated practice before performing invasive clinical procedures on patients. The Moog Simodont® Dental Trainer provides a virtual reality‐based dental simulation environment for training students.

Aim

This cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study compared students’ perception of the pre‐clinical paediatric dentistry training gained in Simodont® and conventional simulation environment.

Design

The dental students who completed pulpotomies and stainless steel crowns (SSCs) training in Simodont® and conventional pre‐clinical simulation laboratory were invited to complete a questionnaire on their experience in both environments. The percentages for the distribution of responses to statements about training modality were tabulated, and intra‐participant comparisons were used to measure student preference for either Simodont® or conventional simulation training.

Results

One hundred students completed the survey. Fifty‐one per cent of students agreed that using Simodont® assisted their learning, and 56% felt Simodont® training facilitated their understanding of paediatric dentistry tasks. Generally, participants felt more comfortable with simulation training than Simodont® for both practical exercises. Eighty‐eight per cent of the participants disagreed that Simodont® should replace conventional simulation.

Conclusions

The study suggests that Simodont® could be used as an adjunct in training dental students for pre‐clinical paediatric dentistry restorative exercises.