bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in premature newborns
Authors: Vukelić V. , Čolić A. , Vrdoljak O. , Juretić E. , Ahmetašević S. Gverić , Vrdoljak J. , Kuliš I.
Published: November 2024

Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a developmental, dynamic process the course and final outcome of which depend on the time of diagnosis and thus enabled treatment initiation. The basic etiologic moment of developmental dysplasia of the hip has not yet been fully defined, thus the only possible prevention is timely detection and early treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in premature newborns, and to find out whether this group is at a risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip and should they be included in nonselective screening. At University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zagreb University Hospital Center, ultrasonographic examinations by measures of Graf were performed in 336 premature newborns (91.3% of all premature infants born during the study period) during one-year period (from October 2005 till September 2006). The incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in the study group was 10.1%. Physiological immature type IIa+ hips were recorded in 30 (8.9%) and dysplastic hips type IIc/IId without clinical signs of instability of the hip in 4 (1.2%) premature infants. There was no type III (subluxation) or IV (luxation) abnormal finding. Based on the study results, it is concluded that premature newborns are at a risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip and should be included in nonselective screening.
Anemia in children hospitalized at Department of pediatrics, Split University Hospital Center 2006-2010
Authors: Ilak D. , Čulić S. , Bešić K.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of particular types of anemia in children hospitalized at Department of Pediatrics, Split University Hospital Center, from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010. The prevalence of anemia was assessed according to age groups and severity of anemia. Data on all patients hospitalized during the study period were analyzed. Out of 16 494 hospitalized patients, 480 were diagnosed with anemia. There were 234 (48.7%) male and 246 (51.2%) female children. Sideropenic anemia was most common, found in 418 (87%) children, followed by hyporegenerative anemia in 39 (8.1%) and hemolytic anemia in 23 (4.7%) patients. There was no statistically significant sex difference in the prevalence of particular types of anemia among male and female children. Anemia usually was of low severity and associated with respiratory infections.
Characteristics of breastfeeding practices in Slovenia after the implementation of the Baby-friendly Hospital initiative
Authors: Hoyer S. , Križaj T. , Sotler R.
Published: November 2024

Results are presented of a comparative study of breastfeeding practices among Slovenian mothers before and after the implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. The research was designed as a comparative descriptive questionnaire-based study and included 592 mothers with children of a mean age of 18.18 months. The questionnaires addressing mothers’ breastfeeding behaviors were administered to the mothers of children between one and two years of age. Results were compared with two previous research projects. Results were analyzed by use of the Systat for Windows, frequency distribution, t-test and correlation test. Over the past fifteen years, the percentage of women who decided to breastfeed before childbirth increased from 77.3% to 94.6% of the women included in the study. The frequency of breastfeeding in 24-hour period increased from 7.85 to 9.1 times within the first month. Considerable improvement was noted in exclusive breastfeeding behavior at the end of the first month. In 1993, it was not practiced at all, whereas in 1997 it increased to 16.4% and now to 83.1% of mothers. Accordingly, study results indicated that exclusive breastfeeding, initiation and duration of breastfeeding improved in Slovenia. It is necessary to apply policies to promote health education of parents and health care professionals.
Effect of essential fatty acids on brain development
Authors: Jovančević M. , Skolan V. , Armano G. , Vulić D. Mladinić
Published: November 2024

In this review paper, the authors bring basic knowledge on essential fatty acids and their effect on early brain development. In particular, the authors stress the importance of the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in brain structure and functioning as well as the importance of optimal intake of these nutrients during pregnancy and early childhood.
Ossification centers in pediatric elbow: a rare normal variant
Authors: Ivelj R. , Leko M. , Župančić B.
Published: November 2024

A 2-year-old girl was brought to our attention due to refusal to use her right arm. Radiographic examination revealed unexpectedly an ossification center of medial epicondyle, even before ossification center of radial head. Taking into account the order of appearance of ossification centers, comparison radiographs of the left elbow were obtained to show an extremely rare variant ossification.
Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Stojanović V. , Barišić N. , Doronjski A. , Spasojević S.
Published: November 2024

There is a lack of epidemiological data related to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) among pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, comorbidity and outcome in patients with ARDS treated in tertiary level pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This retrospective cohort study included patients aged 1 month to 18 years treated at PICU during a five-year period (June 2004 to July 2009) that fulfilled all criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS according to the 1994 North American- European Consensus Conference on ARDS criteria. The incidence of ARDS among critically ill children older than 1 month was 5.7 cases per 1.000 patient-years. ARDS usually developed in a clinical framework of sepsis and severe lower respiratory tract infections. ARDS has a high share in mortality of PICU patients aged 1 month to 18 years, with a mortality rate of 25%, accounting for 10.71% of the total number of deaths in this age group. In patients with ARDS, fatal outcome is almost 6 times more frequent comparing to other life-threatened patients.
The visuospatial abilities of a young girl with Williams syndrome
Authors: Arapović D. , Pranjić V.
Published: November 2024

Williams syndrome (or Williams- Beuren) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by medical and cognitive developmental difficulties. It influences several developmental fields (cognition, behavior, motor). This research was carried out on a young girl with Williams syndrome, whose visuospatial abilities were tested longitudinally over a period of 22 months, from age 9 years and 3 months to 11 years and 1 month. The assumption was that the girl with Williams syndrome would have poorer visuospatial abilities than typically developing peers, and that in all tasks, due to the maturation processes, she would achieve better results in the final testing. Visuospatial abilities were analyzed by the following variables: connecting lines according to the model, copying geometric shapes, animal drawing, recogniz faces. A statistical difference was found between the visuospatial abilities of the girl with Williams syndrome and typically developing peers in all tested variables, except in face recognition. Moreover, in the final testing at the age of 11 years and 1 month, the girl achieved significantly better results than in the initial test, which is primarily the result of ongoing maturation.
Treatment of undescended testes – time for a change in approach and methods of surgical treatment
Authors: Župančić B. , Štampalija F. , Popović Lj. , Bastić M. , Bahtijarević Z. , Višnjić S. , Nikolić H. , Župančić V.
Published: November 2024

Undescended testis is one of the most common congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary tract. Outcomes of orchidopexy include the existance of a viable, palpabale testis in the scrotum, fertility, measured by parentity rate or by analyzing semen in adulthood, as well as the risk of testicular cancer. Many operative techniques have been described, with varying success rates. Over the past decade the success rate of orchidopexy for inguinal testes has been 95%. For abdominal testes it was 85 – 90% in most of clinical trials for single or two-stage Fowler- Stephens’ orchidopexy, whether performed laparoscopically or classically. Nevertheless, the presence of a testis in the scrotum does not insure fertility, as iatrogenic factors may negatively influence the outcome. This review is a summation of current guidelines for the treatment of undescended testes. The recommendation to abandon hormonal treatment remains controversial, although based on clinical evidence. We agree with the current consensus that orchidopexy should be performed under the age of 12 months in a centre, experienced both in pediatric surgery and in pediatric anaesthesiology. Based on this review we recommend the following algorythm: when an undescended testis is suspected at neonatal age and if it has not descended by the age of 5 – 6 months, the child should be appointed to a pediatric surgeon. If both testes are unpalpable or there are uncertainties during the clinical examination, the child should immediately be referred to a pediatric surgeon after birth. When an undescended testis has been diagnosed, the operation should be performed between the age of 6 and 12 months, certainly before the age of 18 months.
Hereditary polyneuropathies: molecular genetics and variability of clinical features
Authors: Barišić N. , Lehman I.
Published: November 2024

Hereditary peripheral neuropathies present a very heterogeneous group of peripheral nerves disorders both clinically and genetically. Neuropathies are classified according to the large peripheral nerves fiber affection in pure motor, sensory and autonomic or mixed motor, sensory and autonomic neuropathies. On the basis of their pathohistological and neurophysiological characteristics, inherited neuropathies are divided into demyelinating and axonal types. Charcot-Marie-Tooth’s disease (CMT) is one of the most common inherited neurological disorders which includes a very heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies both clinically and genetically. Clinical features include foot deformities, development of scoliosis, and later motor handicaps or severe motor disability. CMT 1 or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HSMN1) are primarily demyelinating neuropathies. CMT2 or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HSMN2) are primarily axonal neuropathies. The results of molecular genetic analyses are very important for appropriate diagnosis and genetic counseling and for development of etiological therapy in the future.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis – variety of clinical presentations
Authors: Lujić L.
Published: November 2024

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a subacute inflammatory and degenerative disease of the entire brain. Onset of the disease is most often during childhood. In developed countries the disease is nowadays extremely rare, but with occasional outbursts of measles, sporadic cases appear. Epidemiology is different in undeveloped countries with low immunization rates for measles, and many affected children with high rates of mortality. Clinical presentation of the disease is most often characterized by the onset of behavioral and intellectual deterioration, involuntary movements and seizures, motor and sensory changes, as well as vegetative and systematic changes. They can appear years after an acute measles infection (usually up to 10 years, but sometimes more). Clinical presentation can be very variable, and erroneous diagnosis is not rare.Before the war, Bosnia and Herzegovina had high immunization rates and very rarely diagnosed patients with SSPE. During the war immunization rates dropped often to less than 20% and after the war we had a surge of children diagnosed with this disease. Clinical presentations varied and initial diagnosis was sometimes difficult. We are presenting patients for the last 10 years, and the variability of their symptoms. Initial symptoms and the course of SSPE are highly variable, and clinicians should have in mind the possibility of the disease in different neurological conditions.
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2): clinical features of our 9 patients
Authors: Sabol Z. , Gjergja Z. , Klancir S. Bela , Šižgorić M. Kovač , Hafner K. , Hajnšek S. , Miklić P.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant (AD) disorder with development of multiple tumors of central (bilateral acoustic neurinomas or vestibular schwanomas) and peripheral nerve system (spinal and cutaneous neurofibromas, schwanomas) and ophthalmologic changes (juvenile cataract). Although the complete clinical expression of the NF2 gene, localized on chromosome 22 can be found mostly in adults, the first changes and/or symptoms can be seen during childhood. AIM of this study was to show the clinical manifestations, clinical course and outcome of NF2 in our patients. Patients and methods: During the period from 1988 to 2008 we diagnosed, treated and followed-up 9 patients with NF2 (2 males, 7 of female sex). In 5 patients the disease started during childhood. All patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for NF2. Results: In 4/9 patients the disease was of AD familial type and 5/9 patients were sporadic with novel gene mutation. Average age at the time of first symptoms was 18.0 years (R 5.0 – 38.0), and age at the time of diagnosis 22.0 years (R 9.5 – 38.4). Clinical signs of NF2 were: bilateral (6/9) and unilateral vestibular schwanomas with hearing loss (2/9), multiple cerebral meningeomas (3/9), multiple spinal neurinomas (2/9), multiple spinal meningeomas (1/9), spinal intramedular gliomas (1/9), juvenile cataract (2/9 patients). Two female patients had refractory epilepsy, one had hypertensive hydrocephaly. In the majority (8/9) signs of peripheral neurofibromatosis (multiple café au lait spots and cutaneous neurofibromas) were noticed to a lesser degree. The mortality rate during the period in question was 33.3 % (3/9).
Headaches in children
Authors: Cvitanović-Šojat Lj. , Jerković I. , Kramer D.
Published: November 2024

together the anamnestic data and findings of children hospitalized at the Neuropaediatric Unit with headache as the primary diagnosis – to associate the duration, clinical features and causes of headaches and classify them according to the criteria of The International Classification of Headache Disorders Second Edition. Methods: The retrospective analysis of clinical data in 377 children followed up from January 1st 2003 until December 31st 2007. Results: The analysis includes data from 221(58.6%) girls and 156 (41.4%) boys. Mean age was 11 years (y) and 8 months (m) (2y8m – 22y). Headache with duration ≤3m was found in 137 (36.3%), >3m in 220 (58.4%) children. In 20 (5.3%) children the data was unknown. Acute headache was present in 144 (38.2%), recurrent headache in 215 (57.0%) children. In all children the haematological- biochemical-microbiological findings were made, together with neurological, ophthalmologic and ORL evaluation. Based on anamnestic data and findings we classified headaches as follows: tension-type (36.1%), possible tension-type (5.6%), associated with structural changes of the organs in the head (20.7%), migraine (16.7%), post-traumatic (3.2%), intracranial non-vascular (neoplasms, dysfunction of Pudenz drainage system) (1.8%) and vascular (CVI) (0,3%). Frequency of headaches associated with infection (systemic infection, after meningitis) was 0.8%, headache 0.5% was due to hypertension, while other causes were noted in 14.3% (non-classified, sideropenic anaemia, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, menstruation).Conclusion: The most frequent type of headache was tension-type headache. In order to evaluate the etiological diagnosis of headaches which demand specific therapy, we recommend detailed clinical evaluation in children with duration of headaches of more than 3 months.
Treatment of central neuropathic pain (CNP) in children with brain damage
Authors: Juraški R. Gjergja , Krot Ž. Gerenčir O. , Mučić-Pucić B. , Antolović V. , Cetinić L. , Weiss M.
Published: November 2024

Aim of the study: Assessing the effectiveness of introducing gabapentin in children suffering from permanent and severe brain damage and CNP. Patients and methods: To a cohort od 32 patients (14 females), we introduced gabapentin and in another of 27 patients, baclofen as well. The average age was 14.5 yrs (from 3 – 27). Fifteen children (46.8%) were born prematurely, two (6.2%) were twins, 14 (43.7%) had pre- and/or peripartal asphyxia of various degrees. Other patients had metabolic diseases, congenital brain malformations (holoprosencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum), polytrauma and subsequent coma vigil. Apart from cerebral paralysis of the spastic type, all patients had epilepsy and symptoms of CNP with clinical manifestations – chronic painful stimuli, sleep deprivation, loss of body mass and great difficulty in provision of rehabilitation and physical therapy. Taking into account the fact that these are severely handicapped children, in our work we could not use any of the usual painscales, but we relied on clinical observations: 1.) crying, 2.) quality of sleep, 3.) development of motor skills, 4.) gain in body mass. In 27 (84%) of patients, with the introduction of gabapentin alone or in combination with baclofen, improvement was registered in the assessment of all the above mentioned parameters. Conclusion: By introduction of gabapentin in the treatment and habilitation of children with severe brain damage, regardless of its etiology, accompanied with CNP, significant improvement in quality of life can be achieved in such patients.
Occupational therapy with visual impairments children with additional disability
Authors: Jurišić D.
Published: November 2024

This poster presentation would tray to show few aspects of occupational therapist (OT) work. OT start with assessment (GOTA, GMFM 66/88), preparation for intervention ( goals, which kind of treatment OT needs, which kind of equipment), intervention (sensory integration, training of activity of daily life, and instrumental activity, splinting, early intervention and creative activity), and evaluation (give results of our intervention and all process of interaction with child). Also poster presentation would give answer for multidisciplinary team and knowledge which OT must have if work with this population.
Liquid-crystal-based diffractive optical elements with high Pancharatnam-Berry phase accuracy for holographic displays fabricated using an optimized liquid crystal on silicon device
Authors: Wu Weijie , Wang Chongkai , Pivnenko Mike , Chang Xin , Chu Daping
Published: November 2024

A rapid and accurate photoalignment technique was proposed for the fabrication of liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry phase diffractive optical elements (LC PB-DOEs). The in-plane orientation of LCs was precisely manipulated through the polarized illumination of an optimized liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) device. LCOS and thereafter spatial light modulator (SLM) can generate polarization patterns at pixel level at will. The quality of such alignment was improved significantly by minimizing the phase flicker of the phase-only LCOS SLM. This was confirmed by the increase of the measured quality of the holographic images reconstructed using our DOE in terms of structural similarity (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) at 30% and 5%, respectively. Furthermore, a bi-focal LC PB-lens was fabricated and used as a high quality Fourier lens in holographic display to validate the usefulness of such LC PB-DOEs. This work illustrated a ubiquitous approach of fabricating different types of lightweight and thin form factor DOEs of random phase patterns at pixel level with low cost and high throughput.
Study on the chiroptical properties of carbon dots based on citric acid and formamide with the addition of various chiral molecules
Authors: Stepanidenko Evgeniia A. , Vedernikova Anna A. , Mitroshin Alexander M. , Arefina Irina A. , Parfenov Petr S. , Cherevkov Sergei A. , Ushakova Elena V.
Published: November 2024

Subject of study. The study focuses on luminescent carbon nanoparticles, specifically carbon dots, based on citric acid, formamide, and various chiral molecules. Aim of study. The aim is to assess the influence of chiral molecules used in the synthesis of carbon dots on optical transitions in the long-wavelength spectral region and to investigate the mechanism underlying the circular dichroism signal of these nanoparticles. Method. Carbon dot samples were synthesized using two methods: (i) a one-step solvothermal synthesis of carbon dots from citric acid, formamide, and various chiral molecules and (ii) a two-step method involving the solvothermal synthesis of achiral carbon dots from citric acid and formamide, followed by surface treatment with L-cysteine. Absorption and luminescence spectroscopy methods were employed to study the chemical structure and optical properties of the carbon dots. The chiroptical properties of the obtained samples were analyzed using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Main results. The addition of various chiral molecules to a mixture of precursors during one-step synthesis enabled the fabrication of carbon dots with different chemical compositions, including variations in surface groups and types of emission centers in the spectral region of 350–700 nm. The use of L-phenylglycine and L-tryptophan in the one-step synthesis was shown to lead to the formation of nanoparticles with optical transitions in both short- and long-wavelength regions of the spectrum. The addition of L-glutathione during the one-step synthesis resulted in the formation of carbon dots with short-wavelength emission, while the addition of L-cysteine did not alter the emission characteristics of achiral carbon dots based on citric acid and formamide. The optical properties of the chiral carbon dots obtained using the two-step synthesis method with L-cysteine remained unchanged compared with those of the achiral carbon dots synthesized from citric acid and formamide. The circular dichroism spectra of all the samples showed a signal at ∼250nm, which was attributed to the derivatives of the chiral precursors attached to the surface of the nanoparticles, irrespective of the preparation method. Practical significance. Chiral carbon dots hold promise in biomedicine as sensors, luminescent biomarkers, and other applications due to their biocompatibility and non-toxicity. The results obtained in this work will serve as a foundation for the further fabrication and investigation of chiral carbon nanoparticles with long-wavelength luminescence.
Lead-free metal–halide perovskite nanocrystals: synthesis and optical properties [Review]
Authors: Timkina Yulia A. , Skurlov Ivan D. , Litvin Aleksandr P. , Ushakova Elena V.
Published: November 2024

Subject of study. Lead-free perovskite nanocrystals (LFPNCs), their main characteristics, synthesis methods, and optical properties are examined. Aim of study. The aim is to analyze the state-of-the-art research data on the synthesis methods and optical properties of LFPNCs. In addition, the formation processes of LFPNCs, their main synthesis methods, and the dependence of nanocrystal size and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) on synthesis parameters (such as method, temperature, and ligand type) are determined. Main results. The formation of LFPNCs is analyzed based on the LaMer and cluster growth models. According to the research data, the primary methods for preparing these nanocrystals (NCs) are hot-injection and ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP). Evidently, the average size of LFPNCs increases with increasing reaction temperature. For NCs synthesized by LARP, increasing the reaction temperature to 100°C leads to a slight decrease in the quantum yield. However, for the NCs prepared by hot-injection, the PLQY remains independent of the temperature. Additionally, using oleic acid as a ligand results in a narrow size distribution of NCs, whereas using a mixture of ligands results in NCs exhibiting the highest PLQY. Practical significance. The literature analysis results show that the LARP method is the most promising for synthesizing LFPNCs owing to its ease of implementation, energy efficiency, and scalability. The LFPNCs produced using this method can be applied as active materials in sensor technologies, photovoltaics, and optoelectronic devices.
Closed-form analytical solution for the transfer matrix based on Pendry-MacKinnon discrete Maxwell’s equations
Authors: Lipan Ovidiu-Zeno , Sabata Aldo De
Published: November 2024

The transfer matrix method effectively analyzes wave scattering in homogeneous layered media but struggles with structures having spatially varying material properties. This paper introduces an analytic method to determine transfer matrix elements for all Bloch-Floquet modes in structures with spatially varying dielectric properties. We demonstrate the approach using a bilayer device of two thin layers, each patterned with tessellated polygons representing distinct dielectric regions. Our analytical formulas are derived from Pendry and MacKinnon’s discrete version of Maxwell’s equations. The result reduces the complex interaction of many path operators into key channels guiding electromagnetic field propagation from input to output.
Spatiotemporal requirements of nuclear β-catenin define early sea urchin embryogenesis
Authors: Lhomond Guy , Schubert Michael , Croce Jenifer
Published: November 2024

Establishment of the 3 primordial germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm) during early animal development represents an essential prerequisite for the emergence of properly patterned embryos. β-catenin is an ancient protein that is known to play essential roles in this process. However, these roles have chiefly been established through inhibition of β-catenin translation or function at the time of fertilization. Comprehensive analyses reporting the totality of functions played by nuclear β-catenin during early embryogenesis of a given animal, i.e., at different developmental stages and in different germ layers, are thus still lacking. In this study, we used an inducible, conditional knockdown system in the sea urchin to characterize all possible requirements of β-catenin for germ layer establishment and patterning. By blocking β-catenin protein production starting at 7 different time points of early development, between fertilization and 12 h post fertilization, we established a clear correlation between the position of a germ layer along the primary embryonic axis (the animal-vegetal axis) and its dependence on nuclear β-catenin activity. For example, in the vegetal hemisphere, we determined that the 3 germ layers (skeletogenic mesoderm, non-skeletogenic mesoderm, and endoderm) require distinct and highly specific durations of β-catenin production for their respective specification, with the most vegetal germ layer, the skeletogenic mesoderm, requiring the shortest duration. Likewise, for the 2 animal territories (ectoderm and anterior neuroectoderm), we established that their restriction, along the animal-vegetal axis, relies on different durations of β-catenin production and that the longest duration is required for the most animal territory, the anterior neuroectoderm. Moreover, we found that 2 of the vegetal germ layers, the non-skeletogenic mesoderm and the endoderm, further require a prolonged period of nuclear β-catenin activity after their specification to maintain their respective germ layer identities through time. Finally, we determined that restriction of the anterior neuroectoderm territory depends on at least 2 nuclear β-catenin-dependent inputs and a nuclear β-catenin-independent mechanism. Taken together, this work is the first to comprehensively define the spatiotemporal requirements of β-catenin during the early embryogenesis of a single animal, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, thereby providing new experimental evidence for a better understanding of the roles played by this evolutionary conserved protein during animal development.
Voices from the ground: Qualitative perspectives on Ugandan national mental health system strengths, challenges, and recommendations
Authors: Dwanyen Lekie , Luberenga Ibrahim , Asiimwe Ronald , Galukande Pendo , Blow Adrian , Kasujja Rosco
Published: November 2024

Mental health capacity building is a growing priority in Ugandan healthcare systems. Despite increased governmental attention to community mental health and mental healthcare needs, no empirical assessments document qualitative perspectives from stakeholders in the Ugandan mental health system. The goal of the current needs assessment study was to systematically explore stakeholders’ perceptions of strengths, challenges, and recommendations for enhancing capacity in the national mental health system in Uganda. Using ethnographic research methods, data were collected from 15 key informant interviews and four community focus groups with a total of 44 stakeholders involved in mental healthcare in Uganda. Thematic analyses of data yielded several themes in each domain, including 1) system strengths reflected in the existing policy and action plan, free medications, growing private sector, and partnerships and collaborations; 2) system challenges including socioeconomic constraints, stigma, and limited family engagement; and 3) recommendations surrounding enhanced education and training, integrating systemic approaches, and policy advocacy. We describe clinical, research, and policy implications that can inform systemic mental health efforts in Uganda and comparable global settings.
Photodynamic inactivation strategies for maximizing antifungal effect against Sporothrix spp. and Candida albicans in an in vitro investigation
Authors: Rocha Amanda Regina , Inada Natalia Mayumi , da Silva Ana Paula , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador , Buzzá Hilde Harb
Published: November 2024

Background

Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix spp., leading to skin lesions that can, in some cases, progress and result in the death of infected individuals. Candida albicans is another fungus involved in several skin, oral, and vaginal mucosal infections. Fungal diseases are concerning due to increasing incidence and the limited variety of antifungal classes available for treatment. Furthermore, antifungal medications can cause various side effects, exacerbated by their prolonged use during infection treatment. There is a need to explore alternatives to conventional drugs that are effective, fast, and safe in combating sporotrichosis. This study aimed to achieve in vitro elimination of the fungi Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii through Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI), using curcumin as a photosensitizer and in combination with antifungal agents used in the treatment of sporotrichosis.

Methodology

Yeasts of Candida albicans, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix schenckii were subjected to Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) using light at a wavelength of 450 ± 10 nm, irradiance of 35 mW/cm2, delivering a fluence of 31.5 J/cm2, with curcumin as the photosensitizer at doses ranging from 0.75 to 150 μg/mL. After determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of the antifungal drugs itraconazole, ketoconazole, and potassium iodide, sub-MIC doses of these antifungals were combined with sub-MIC doses of curcumin in a new PDI session.

Conclusion

Photodynamic inactivation is a promising technique in the treatment of sporotrichosis, as well as its combination with antifungals. The combination of curcumin in concentrations ranging from 0.75 g/mL a 7.5 g/mL with sub-MIC concentrations of itraconazole, ketoconazole, and potassium iodide was able to completely inactivate the fungi C. albicans, S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii, indicating that PDI may increase the effectiveness of antifungals. However, further studies are needed to establish protocols for future clinical applications.
Unlocking insights: Mahout’s perceptions and practices in managing Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) infection among captive Asian elephants in Surin province, Thailand
Authors: Kittisirikul Narueporn , Bangkaew Nuttapon , Phimpraphai Waraphon , Sripiboon Supaphen
Published: November 2024

Surin, situated in the northeastern region of Thailand, has earned the reputation of being an "elephant village" due to its high captive elephant population and unique tradition of elephant rearing. However, the continuous occurrence of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infection poses a significant threat to elephants, particularly the young ones. This study investigated various aspects of EEHV-related elephant care among ninety-two mahouts at the Surin Elephant Kingdom Project. This study used semi-structured interviews and observations to assess the mahouts’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP scores) toward EEHV transmission, prevention, and management. The result revealed knowledge and practice scores below expectations, indicating an insufficient understanding the nature of disease and preventive measures. However, the mahouts exhibited awareness of the severity of the disease and factors contributing to transmission risk. Regarding the relationship among KAP scores, a positive correlation was observed at a low level (p < 0.05) between the knowledge and practice scores. Interestingly, approximately 55% of the survey respondents were confident that their elephants would not receive EEHV, leading to inadequate prevention measures. From the result, it is crucial to provide comprehensive knowledge about the nature of the disease and preventive measures to all mahouts. This education should emphasize the importance of early monitoring signs, appropriate weaning age, and preventing viral transmission practices. The KAP survey offers valuable insights that can identify areas requiring improvement and guide the development of effective and targeted disease prevention programs within the specific population. Therefore, it is recommended that the KAP survey should be employed in other parts of the country where the elephant management system differs.
Long-term outcome for patients with distal radius fractures treated with volar locking plates versus percutaneous wires
Authors: Wretö Linnea , Fornander Lotta
Published: November 2024

Background

Fractures of the distal radius are the most common fractures of the upper extremity. The choice of surgical method has been debated and studies show that short-term differences, in favour of volar locking plates, are indistinguishable at 1 year follow-up. Few studies have investigated long-term outcomes beyond one year. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term (6–10 years) patient-reported outcomes after distal radius fracture surgery, and to determine how fracture pattern/complexity (Buttazzoni fracture type) affects the results.

Methods

303 patients surgically treated for a distal radius fracture, from 2012–2016 were included. The questionnaires used were PRWE, Quick-DASH and EQ-5D. Previous studies have shown that fracture type influences the choice of surgical method and therefore fracture type was adjusted for in the statistical analysis.

Results

We found that patients treated with K-wires had significantly better Quick-DASH scores (p <0.05) and a lower degree of pain (PRWE pain scale) (p <0.05) than patients treated with volar locking plates. There was no difference between the two groups regarding the remaining outcome measures for any Buttazzoni type of fracture.

Conclusion

On the basis of these results, K-wires can be considered an equivalent option to locking plates because of equal or better long-term outcomes, lower costs, and shorter operation times.
Healthcare provider-related perceptions toward deprescribing inappropriate medications among older adult outpatients
Authors: Rababa Mohammad Jamil , Al Ghazo Ali
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To examine healthcare provider-related perceptions toward deprescribing inappropriate medications among older adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional, correlational study used a convenience sample of outpatient older adults to measure their perception toward deprescribing using a Patient’s Perceptions of Deprescribing (PPoD), which include 57 multiple-choice questions related to patients’ sociodemographic data, health, medicines, healthcare providers, and experience of care provided by the clinic. Data were collected by a graduate nursing student from one pharmacy in a public hospital, five days per week, via in-person interviews.

Results

Data were analyzed for 200 participants. The level of patient collaboration with their primary care providers (PCPs) is linked to their trust in PCPs, beliefs about medication use, PCP knowledge, and medication concerns (p < .0001). Patient involvement in medication deprescribing decision-making is also associated with trust in PCPs and willingness to stop a medication (p < .0001). Additionally, trust in PCPs is related to patient involvement in decision-making, PCP knowledge, general health, collaboration with PCPs, and receiving conflicting information about a medicine (p = .010). Lastly, PCP medication knowledge is associated with trust in PCPs, views on the importance of medicines, medication concerns, seeking help with medicines, interactions with clinical pharmacists, and being advised by a clinical pharmacist to discontinue medication (p < .0001).

Conclusions

The study found that older adults’ trust in their PCP, collaboration with their PCP, involvement in the decision-making of deprescribing, and knowledge about medication are associated with clinical and medicine-related factors. Therefore, PCPs should discuss the benefits of deprescribing inappropriate medications to prevent long-term side effects. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of evidence-based deprescribing protocols for older adults.
Association between systemic immunity-inflammation index and glucose regulation in non-diabetic population: A population-based study from the NHANES (2005–2016)
Authors: Qing Wenxiang , Qian Yujie
Published: November 2024

Background

To investigated the link between the systemic immunity-inflammation index (SII), a new inflammatory biomarker, and the risk of abnormal glucose regulation in non-diabetic population.

Methods

Using data from the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted a cross-sectional study on non-diabetic adults with data on SII and glucose regulation markers. We analyzed the relationship between SII and indicators of glucose regulation, including fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and states of abnormal glucose regulation like impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), insulin resistance, and prediabetes.

Results

Adjusting for confounders, higher SII levels were significantly associated with a higher OGTT and a greater likelihood of IGT (OR = 2.673, 95% CI: 1.845, 3.873). In subgroup analysis, participants without hyperlipidemia in the highest SII quartile had a 240% higher odds of IGT compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 3.407, 95%CI: 1.995, 5.820), an association not observed in those with hyperlipidemia (p for interaction < 0.05).

Conclusions

SII emerges as a useful biomarker for identifying IGT in non-diabetic individuals, specifically in those without hyperlipidemia.
The impact of vocabulary assessments on quality of life: Insights from professionals on their application with students with disabilities
Authors: Alqraini Faisl , Alasim Khalid , Alqahtani Abdulaziz
Published: November 2024

Assessing vocabulary skills is a crucial aspect of educational interventions for students with disabilities, as it directly influences their academic progress, overall communication abilities, and quality of life. This study aims to explore professionals’ perceptions regarding the vocabulary assessments used with students with disabilities. By gaining insights into their perspectives and experiences, we can improve the assessment process and enhance instructional practices, ultimately contributing to a better Quality of Life (QoL) for these students. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire completed by 375 professionals working in the field of special education. The findings indicate that professionals in the private sector express higher satisfaction levels and demonstrate better proficiency in applying vocabulary assessment tools compared to those in the public sector. Furthermore, the results reveal that professionals specializing in speech and language disorders report higher satisfaction levels compared to professionals in other specialized areas.
Taxonomia para pagamentos por serviços ambientais:
Authors: Scarpeline de Castro Biancca , Frickmann Young Carlos Eduardo
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo considerar a diversidade de situações na discussão sobre o desenho das iniciativas de pagamentos por serviços ambientais (PSA), com foco no estabelecimento do pagamento a ser realizado para os provedores desses serviços. A hipótese central é que a base de cálculo do pagamento dos serviços ambientais deve ser diferenciada de acordo com o local e o grupo social beneficiário. Em particular, argumenta-se que metodologias baseadas no custo de oportunidade do trabalho devem ser pensadas para beneficiar agentes que não sejam proprietários da terra ou têm ações não relacionadas ao seu uso, como forma de compensar o tempo e esforço demandado pelas práticas sustentáveis que se deseja estimular. O artigo é exploratório e pautado por revisão bibliográfica da literatura nacional e internacional sobre PSA e sua relação com a política ambiental. O principal resultado é a elaboração de uma taxonomia simplificada que diferencia os modelos de pagamento em sistemas voltados para propriedades rurais privadas com objetivo de produção comercial e as demais situações onde a terra não é privada ou o objetivo do PSA não está relacionado ao uso da terra. Também se argumenta que sistemas de PSA financiados por recursos privados tendem a se concentrar no primeiro caso, enquanto o uso de recursos públicos deve ser primordialmente direcionado para o segundo caso. Essa diferenciação pode ser importante para a implementação da Lei nº 14.119, que institui a Política Nacional de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais no Brasil.
A inclusão dos povos originários nas discussões das Conferências das Partes:
Authors: Stoll Sabrina Lehnen , Leves Aline Michele Pedron , Cavalheiro Larissa Nunes
Published: November 2024

Este artigo científico aborda o tema da justiça climática socioambiental, enfatizando a importância da inclusão dos povos originários nas discussões democráticas internacionais, especialmente nas Conferências das Partes (COP’s). A pesquisa objetiva investigar, de modo geral, como a participação desses grupos pode contribuir para o cumprimento dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) da ONU, focando particularmente no ODS nº. 13, que visa a adoção de medidas urgentes contra a mudança climática global. O problema norteador do estudo pode ser sintetizado no seguinte questionamento: de que forma a inclusão dos povos originários nas COP’s pode fortalecer a justiça climática e ajudar o Brasil a alcançar o ODS nº. 13? A hipótese embrionária reside na ideia de que essa inclusão dá visibilidade aos conhecimentos decoloniais do Sul Global, potencializando a luta contra a injustiça climática e justificando a relevância da verticalização temática. Desse modo, o artigo está estruturado duas seções, as quais objetivam, especificamente, analisar: a contextualização da emergência climática e a necessidade de corresponsabilidade global; a importância da participação dos povos originários nas discussões climáticas em níveis nacional e internacional. No que concerne aos recursos metodológicos, foi empregado o método científico hipotético-dedutivo por meio da abordagem qualitativa, de procedimentos monográficos exploratórios e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Além disso, a compreensão teórica foi factibilizada através da interpretação jurídica com viés sociológico, reconhecendo o Direito como uma ciência social dinâmica. Por fim, resta evidente que um diálogo intercultural, mais amplo e inclusivo, pode colaborar para o cumprimento das agendas climáticas, sobretudo em âmbito nacional.
Serviços ecossistêmicos:
Authors: Ely Melo Melissa , Dallago Conejo Silva Dayane , De Almeida Mohedano Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

Trata-se de artigo científico cujo objeto de análise são os serviços ecossistêmicos sob a perspectiva de seu(s) conceito(s) e suas possíveis classificações, além de tecer reflexões teóricas acerca da recepção do conceito doutrinário de serviços ecossistêmicos e ambientais no âmbito da legislação ambiental brasileira. O contexto socioeconômico do estudo proposto parte da inegável constatação da existência de impactos ambientais que desempenham um papel crítico na conservação da biodiversidade e no fornecimento de serviços ecossistêmicos imprescindíveis. Razão pela qual, o problema de pesquisa debruça-se sobre o papel da recepção jurídica do conceito de serviços ecossistêmicos e serviços ambientais na construção doutrinária da temática e, sobretudo, para a valorização socioeconômica das funções e dos processos ecológicos essenciais que desenvolvem. Assim, o trabalho é dividido em três tópicos, sendo o primeiro dedicado à organização de um panorama conceitual dos serviços ecossistêmicos na literatura ecológica, buscando-se sintetizar a transformação sofrida ao longo do tempo. Já o segundo, traz as principais classificações teoricamente construídas, tais como a da Avaliação Ecossistêmica do Milênio (MEA, 2005). Por último, são feitas reflexões acerca da relação dos serviços ecossistêmicos com os seus serviços ambientais, sob o ponto de vista do tratamento jurídico dado à questão. A metodologia de abordagem é o método hipotético-dedutivo, já as técnicas de pesquisa são as bibliográficas e as documentais, incluindo fontes legislativas. A hipótese do trabalho é corroborada ao compreender que a incorporação dos conceitos doutrinários de serviços ecossistêmicos e serviços ambientais pela legislação ambiental brasileira possui papel relevante para a valorização de suas respectivas funções e processos ecológicos essenciais.
Construção de Consenso na proteção do patrimônio socioambiental:
Authors: Damasceno Mara Livia Moreira , Teixeira Maryana Fonseca
Published: November 2024

A Praia do Futuro, em Fortaleza/CE apresenta necessidade de uma requalificação e reordenamento das barracas em termos ambientais e urbanísticos e em virtude da complexidade do cenário que envolve a Praia do Futuro, é necessário utilizar uma forma de solução de conflitos que atenda às necessidades das múltiplas partes envolvidas neste contexto. Assim,  este estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar a possível adequação da ferramenta da Construção de Consenso para a resolução do conflito referente a qualificação da Praia do Futuro - CE. Para isso, elegeu-se como específicos, a necessidade de (a) verificar como é possível construir acordos em conflitos envolvendo múltiplas partes; (b) examinar as razões para a requalificação da Praia do Futuro; (c) identificar a possibilidade de utilização de mecanismos de solução de conflitos não regulamentados no Brasil. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, desenvolveu-se pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, do tipo bibliográfica, com coleta documental e com análise descritiva. Como resultado, entendeu-se que a Construção de Consenso figura hoje como o método mais adequado para a resolução de conflitos que envolvam múltiplas partes, como o da requalificação da Praia do Futuro, proporcionando a participação dos interessados na construção de um plano executável por todos os envolvidos.