bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of fat replacers in cooked sausages
Authors: Nasonova V V , Tunieva E K
Published: October 2019

Reduction of fat in meat products is an important task aimed at solving the problem of excessive fat intake. Different substances are used as fat replacers: plant and animal proteins, and polysaccharides. The aim of the research was a comparative study of the effect of different fat replacers (inulin; a mixture of hydrocolloids; soy protein, and; collagen protein) on the quality of low-fat cooked sausage. In the experimental samples, 50% of backfat was replaced with: inulin gel (exp. 1), a mixture of hydrocolloids (carrageenan, xanthan gum and guar gum) with additional incorporation of water (exp. 2), hydrated soy protein (exp. 3), or hydrated collagen protein (exp. 4). Addition of the fat replacers reduced the fat content by more than 40%. The use of hydrocolloids and soy protein in the hydrated form as fat replacers negatively affected sausage taste and consistency. Addition of the hydrated animal protein had no significant effect on taste, color characteristics, or water activity, but led to a decrease in the sausage shear force. The sausage produced with inulin had the organoleptic, color and strength characteristics closest to the control sausage. Inulin gel, therefore, is recommended as a fat replacer in cooked sausages.
Testing animal feed for the presence of ruminant DNA using the official real-time PCR method
Authors: Nesic K , Pavlovic N , Pavlovic M , Tasic A , Kureljusic J , Rokvic N , Radosavljevic V
Published: October 2019

Feed has become liable to testing for the presence of ruminant DNA as part of the eradication process of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. For safety reasons, by the so-called total feed ban, meat and bone meal has been excluded from the diet of food chain animals for years. However, changes in EU regulations that led to relaxation of this ban began from mid-2013 with the introduction of animal proteins derived from poultry and pigs in feed for aquaculture. The EU published an approved PCR method for determining the species of animals from which the ingredients originate. The EU also validated a real-time PCR protocol for detection of prohibited ruminant DNA. As a result of harmonization with the EU legislation, in 2016, amendments to the Serbian TSE regulations were published and an identical method of feed control prescribed. In the same year, this procedure was implemented by the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia and accredited to the required standard, so adequate feed control started. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the first 50 animal feeds or feed materials tested for the presence of ruminant DNA using the official realtime PCR method. A high percentage (54 %) of the 50 feeds/feed materials studied contained ruminant DNA.
Cadmium level trend in liver and kidney of pigs from Serbia during 2014-2018
Authors: Nikolic D , Jankovic S , Djinovic-Stojanovic J , Radicevic T , Stefanovic S , Spiric D , Simunovic S
Published: October 2019

Concentrations of cadmium (Cd) were measured in samples of liver (n=88) and kidney (n=226) of pigs within the Serbian National Residue Monitoring Program during 2014-2018. Levels of Cd were determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. All of the pigs had measurable amounts of Cd in liver and kidney, but none of the analyzed samples exceeded MRL for Cd – 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum Cd concentration in kidney amounting to 0.864 mg/kg was established in the first year of the residue monitoring program (2014). No statistically significant differences in Cd levels in liver samples during the examined period were observed, while statistical differences were established only between Cd levels in kidney collected in 2014 and 2015. On the basis of statistical analysis, it can be concluded that Cd levels have not increased in the analyzed organs during the investigated period.
The occurrence of ochratoxin A in kidneys of healthy pigs from Vojvodina province, Serbia
Authors: Polovinski Horvatovic M , Radovic I , Glamocic D , Jajic I , Krstovic S , Mirkov M , Vasiljevic V
Published: October 2019

Ochratoxin A is a potential contaminant of feed and consequently meat and meat products. Residues of this mycotoxin in meat can pose a food safety issue. Swine production in Serbia and the northern province of Vojvodina is highly developed, since household consumers in Serbia frequently purchase pork. The occurrence of OTA in pig’s kidney taken from the slaughter line is a good indicator of the presence of this mycotoxin in meat and meat products. A total of 95 pig’s kidneys from Vojvodina, Serbia, were analyzed for ochratoxin A. The results from 19 farms (5 samples per farm from Bačka, Banat and Srem districts of Vojvodina) showed the presence of OTA in 14.74% (14/95 kidneys). The average OTA content was 1.36 μg/kg, median 0.99 μg/kg, and range from 0.10 to 3.97 μg/kg. Results from our research do not suggest any serious problems with OTA contamination in pig’s kidneys, but continuous monitoring is needed to avoid any possible future problems.
Determination of natamycin (food additive in cheese production) by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Radicevic T , Jankovic S , Stefanovic S , Nikolic D , Djinovic-Stojanovic J , Spiric D , Tankovic S
Published: October 2019

Natamycin is a polyene macrolide antifungal agent produced by aerobic fermentation of Streptomyces natalensis that prevents fungal growth on cheese surface. Commission Regulation EU 1129/2011 establishes a Union list of food additives and the use of natamycin (E235) in production of hard, semi-hard and semi-soft cheese, and lays down maximum residue limit (MRL) of 1mg/dm2 surface. It also stipulates that natamycin is not to be present at a depth of 5mm and deeper. The aim of this study was to present the analytical method for determination of natamycin in cheese by reverse phase liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Method validation was performed according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The method is linear in the concentration ranges of 0-5 mg/dm2, with the limit of detection (LoD) of 0.13 mg/dm2. The performance of the method was successfully verified by participating in a proficiency study.
Mastitis in dairy cow farms in canton Sarajevo and antimicrobial resistance of causative agents
Authors: Seric–Haracic S , Fejzic N , Clanjak-Kudra E , Velic S , Smajlovic M
Published: October 2019

Mastitis is frequent and costly disease in dairy farming, while antimicrobial resistance is an important public health threat. Increasing resistance among zoonotic pathogens led to more investigation among animal pathogens. Study, conducted on dairy farms in Canton Sarajevo, aimed to establish mastitis prevalence in dairy cows, causative bacteria and investigate antimicrobial resistance. Lactating animals (n=1214) were tested using the California Mastitis Test during November 2017. Milk from positive animals was microbiologically cultivated. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 9.9 %, while 19 out of 180 dairy farms had at least one mastitis case. In 49.2% of samples, we identified S. aureus, 2.5% contained E. coli, 0.8% contained Enterobacteriaceae, 13.3 % had mixed infection and 34.2% samples had no growth. Using disk diffusion test highest resistances were observed to bacitracin (E. coli), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Enterobacteriaceae) and penicillin (S. aureus). Since oversight on antimicrobial use in farm animals is sporadic in the country, additional investigations of antimicrobial usage and trends in antimicrobial resistance causing agents are needed. Reducing mastitis rates on farms requires compliance with preventive measures alongside early detection, isolation of cases, culling of repeated cases, microbiological monitoring and testing for antimicrobial resistance before treatment.
Assessment of meat products and saturated fatty acid intake in human diets
Authors: Trbovic D , Lakicevic B , Petronijevic R , Lukic M , Jankovic V , Petrovic Z , Nastasijevic I
Published: October 2019

The World Health Organization (WHO) has released a guide to proper diet in which the food pyramid is presented. The food pyramid indicates graphically which types of food should be eaten daily. Changes in the diet of any population are slow and difficult to achieve. The aim of this study was to investigate: a) the fatty acid composition of processed meat products, and; b) the daily saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, as calculated by estimated consumption of processed meat products (meat pieces preserved in plastic casing by heat treatment) present in the Serbian market. Consumption of 100 g of preserved pork meat pieces per day equated to 4.64 g saturated fat or 23.20% of daily fat intake being saturated, while consumption of preserved poultry meat pieces would result in 1.73 g of saturated fat, or 8.65% of daily fat intake being saturated which is closer to the recommended daily intake of 10% of fats being saturated. Further research is needed to understand better the optimal combination of unsaturated fatty acids in these processed meat products and recommended daily intakes that should maintain and enhance the health status of consumers.
The common foodborne viruses: A review
Authors: Velebit B , Djordjevic V , Milojevic L , Babic M , Grkovic N , Jankovic V , Yushina Y
Published: October 2019

Transmission pathways of foodborne viruses include contamination of food by infected food handlers, by contamination of food during the production process and by consumption of products of animal origin harbouring a zoonotic virus. Viral foodborne illnesses, which have become a significant cause of all reported foodborne illnesses in recent years and considered as an emerging risk in veterinary public health. Microbiological genomics studies discovered that Noroviruses and hepatitis A viruses were primarily associated with food-handler transmission and sewage-contaminated foods. In contrast, hepatitis E was associated with consumption of raw or undercooked meat of pig or wild animals. In order to facilitate source attribution and identify risk prevention measures, Routine harmonized surveillance of viral outbreaks, and surveillance of virus occurrence in food commodities, in combination with systematic strain typing, and joint expertise from veterinary, food, and clinical microbiologists would be recommended.
Evaluation of Serbian black locust honey quality parameters as a contribution to confirmation of its botanical origin
Authors: Vranic D , Petronijevic R , Koricanac V , Djinovic Stojanovic J , Lilic S , Borovic B , Lukic M
Published: October 2019

Acacia honey, like many other specialized kinds of honey, is derived purely from one plant species, in this case, the nectar of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) tree flowers. The present study investigated the quality of 270 acacia honeys from the Serbian market, collected during 2017 and 2018. Chemical and physical properties of honey were evaluated according to Serbian regulation. All applied methods were performed according to the Harmonized Methods of the International Honey Commission. Summarizing the results presented, none of the tested acacia honeys exceeded limits of national or EU regulations for moisture, free acid and insoluble matter contents as well as electrical conductivity. However, the most common parameters for non-compliant honeys were hydroxymethylfurfural and sugar contents and diastase activity. Among these parameters, this study shows the fructose to glucose ratio is also an important quality factor, significant for confirming the origin of acacia honey, while the correlation between glycemic index and the fructose to glucose ratio is especially important for individual honey consumers with impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance.
Effect of organic acid pretreatment of water hyacinth on enzymatic hydrolysis and biogas and bioethanol production
Authors: Tantayotai P , Mutrakulchareon P , Tawai A , Roddecha S , Sriariyanun M
Published: October 2019

Due to rapid growth and uncontrolled spreading of water hyacinth in aquatic natural and urban niches, the conversion of this weed to value-added chemicals and biofuels leads to the reduction of pollution and greenhouse effect. The rate-limiting step of the conversion process is hydrolysis reaction of lignocellulosic biomass to sugars, which are subsequently converted to biochemicals and biofuels. To improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of water hyacinth, the organic acid pretreatments were conducted in this study by using two types of organic acids, including oxalic acid and citric acid. The pretreatment parameters, including pretreatment time, pretreatment temperature, and acid concentration were optimized by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design. The highest reducing sugar concentration at 66.92 mg/100 mg-biomass was obtained when using oxalic acid pretreatment. The effects of organic acids on biogas and bioethanol production were observed compared to unpretreated water hyacinth. The biogas and bioethanol yields were increased for 75.61% and 23.26% when using citric acid and oxalic acid pretreatment, respectively. The improvement of biofuel production from water hyacinth by organic acid pretreatment suggested the possibility to applications and solutions in biorefinery industry and environmental situation.
Removal of malachite green toxicity using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) biomass
Authors: Pinontoan R , Supandi M T , Andhika J , Sutanto M I , Victor H
Published: October 2019

Malachite green (MG), a common synthetic dye that is used extensively in many industries including aquaculture, is highly toxic to cells. One of its metabolites, leucomalachite green, poses more toxic effects to cells compared to MG itself. Adsorption of this synthetic dye seems to be a promising method in removing dye without the formation of other harmful products. This study evaluated the potency of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) biomass of both root and leaf part of the plant in removing MG dye toxicity. Biomass from both root and leaf part of the plant showed high decolorization efficiency in less than 1 hour of incubation. Results from thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed no formation of other degradation metabolites, implying the decolorization process that occurred was solely adsorption. Toxicity test towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that water hyacinth biomass could reduce MG toxicity. Therefore, the root and leaf biomass collected from E. crassipes does have the potential to detoxify aqueous solution contaminated by MG.
Genome Sequencing of Pantoea agglomerans strain NC, isolated from peanut bacterial wilt nursery
Authors: Wang X Z , Tang Y Y , Wang Z W , Wu C Z , Chen J H , Wu Q , Wang C T
Published: October 2019

Pantoea agglomerans was ubiquitous in nature and it has been identified as an effective microbial antagonist against fungal pathogens associated with several plants. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of P. agglomerans strain NC which was isolated from bacterial wilt infected peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in Nan Chang city of China.
Soil phosphorus changes in a grey desert soil in Xinjiang, China, using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Wang B , Zhang X , Fu H , Liu H , Wang X H , Ma Y B
Published: October 2019

This study investigated the effects of different long-term fertilization regimes on the total phosphorus (TP) content and the phosphorus (P) composition of grey desert soil in Xinjiang, China, and clarified the variation in P content under different long-term fertilization regimes. Solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) was used to analyze the variation in TP and P composition under different long-term fertilization regimes. The results showed that phosphate monoester was the major form of P and that no other forms of soil organic P (OP) were detected in grey desert soil, Xinjiang, China.
Plant community structure and species diversity in Lingang wetland park in Tianjin China
Authors: Liu H Q , Kan Y , Liu Y , Zhang W M , Shan H Y , Wang Y H , Liang F H , Liu X L
Published: October 2019

Lingang wetland park is a newly built wetland park in Lingang district, Tianjin, China. The community composition, community structure, frequency of occurrence of arbor and shrub layer and dominant species of plant community in lingang wetland park were investigated. The results showed that the community of Lingang wetland park was mainly characterized by the structure of trees-shrubs-lawns, and the ratio of species and number of evergreen trees to deciduous trees was 2:15 and 1:23. Wetland park is rich in plant diversity, the dominance index at park's east gate and “qushuihuajing” were 0.8183 and 0.8152, which were far higher than other quadrants and the dominant species is golden elm. Among the tall trees, Ulmus pumila, Salix babylonica, Aureus locustae with the highest application frequency accounted for 23.8%. For shrubs, lonicera japonica, Euonymus japonicus and Lonicera maackii had the highest frequency of application. Festuca elata and Hemerocallis fulva had highest application frequency in lawns. They accounted for only 13.2% in herbs. It indicated that only several plants in the park have high frequencies.
Spatiotemporal variation of vegetation dynamics and correlations with climatic factors in the Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Fang Q L , Zhou L X , Zhu L P , Zhang X J , Yang J , Zhou J , Song W W , Yu X J , Luo Z H
Published: October 2019

The Tibetan Plateau has been recognized as one of the most sensitive areas responding to climate change, and has becomes a hotspot for coupled studies on terrestrial ecosystem variation and climate change. Leaf area index (LAI) is a key indicator that reflects vegetation dynamics and has been widely used to analyze the responses of vegetation to climate change. In this study, the spatiotemporal variation of LAI in the growing season and its correlations with climatic factors were analyzed. The results showed that the spatial pattern of LAI decreased from southeast to northwest. In terms of the temporal trend of LAI, 85% of the total study area experienced an increased trend. Additionally, 74% of the whole plateau will experience an improved vegetation growth in the future. Furthermore, temperature, precipitation and solar radiation all showed positive correlations with LAI for most of the study area. Our results effectively revealed the variation of LAI and its correlations with climatic factors. However, grassland in the plateau have been shown to have a greater and more rapid response to climatic fluctuations. Therefore, more managements should be made by local governments to improve the fragile environment, especially for areas with a decreasing LAI trend.
Improvement of potato cultivation technology
Authors: Kalimullin M , Abdrakhmanov R , Andreev R , Semenov A , Vasilyev O , Zaitsev P , Arkhipov S
Published: October 2019

Existing methods for assessing the economic efficiency of the system of machines and technological methods contain numerous similar indicators. The multifaceted nature of the problem, its dynamism also cannot be covered by a single criterion – the value of the reduced costs. A method of systematic research and analysis of the technological efficiency of the production process has been developed to improve the technological processes and technical means for potato cultivation and to achieve higher economic indicators of agricultural production development. A generalized criterion characterizing the efficiency of the working process as a whole, which can be used to evaluate various technological operations in the production of potatoes, is obtained. Various technological processes performed by the working bodies of combined and serial machines were analyzed to verify and confirm the effectiveness of the developed provisions. At the same time, vector quantity was adopted as the main criterion for the comparative evaluation of machines and technologies. As a result of the implementation of this method, a scientifically based technological map for the cultivation of environmentally safe potatoes is proposed. The complex of agricultural practices for the implementation of the proposed technology is selected taking into account soil and climatic conditions and is designed for the cultivation of potatoes with minimal labor and money. The use of technological operations, such as the distribution of straw rolls on the field with its incorporation into the soil, germination of seed potatoes tubers in the peat-mineral shell, inter-row processing with sprinkling of plants with soil, simultaneous removal of the tops by crushing in the process of harvesting combines can significantly reduce costs in the production of potatoes.
Biologically active additives, their effect on the egg production of geese, hatchability, and development of goslings
Authors: Alekseev I A , Semenov V G , Pastukhova T V , Obukhova A V , Kuznetsov A F , Sofronov V G , Volkov A Kh , Dimitrieva A I
Published: October 2019

The prospects of goosewatch development are determined by several factors: goose meat contains 17.5-18.5% protein, 22-23% of fat, 0.9-1.0% of ash. Insufficient reflection of these issues in the husbandry industry, peasant farms determined the direction of our study – the study of the impact of "Pozitron-2 Air 1" artificial ozonizer on the microclimate of the plant growing geese and biologically active additives "Bacell", "Larikarvit" and "Sporobacterin" on the body of geese and gooslings. When performing research work, zoohygienic, hematological, biochemical, zootechnical, veterinary and sanitary, economic research methods using modern methods and instruments were used. The conducted studies had shown that 3-hour sessions of ozonation with the specified device at a dose of 0.02 m3 of ozonated air per 1 m3 of purified air of the room significantly changed the state of the microclimate in it for the better. Thus, the relative humidity in the room for growing gooslings after ozonation significantly decreased from 78.64±0.16 to 71.12±0.14%, that is, on average by 7.52% (P<0.05), ammonia concentration - by 22.73% (P<0.01), hydrogen sulfide – by 32.27% (P<0.01), carbon dioxide – by 18.18% (P<0.01), dust – by 60.56% (P<0.001), microorganisms – by 46.94% (P<0.01) (P < 0.001). These data indicated that the tested artificial ozonizer Pozitron-3 Air-1 improved and normalized the microclimate in the room for growing gooslings. When testing new dietary supplements, geese egg laying, hibernation hatching and hatchability were important indicators. The results of the study showed that egg production in geese of experimental groups, against the background of the use of dietary supplements "Larikarvit", "Bacell", "Sporobacterin", compared with analogues in the control of February – June was higher by an average of 6.44%, 7.49%, 6.64% (P<0.01). Among these experimental groups of birds, in comparison with intact birds, the highest egg production was in the second experimental group of gooslings, where the biologically active additive "Bacell" was used as part of the main diet, within 7.49% (P<0.01). As it is known, the output of young animals in goose breeding is determined by the number of viable, healthy gooslings, expressed as a percentage of the number of eggs laid in the incubator. The results showed that this important indicator in the application of dietary supplements in the diet of geese in experimental batches, compared with the control batch was significantly higher by 7.71, 10.31, 8.85 (P<0.05) percent.
Formation of yield and commodity qualities of potatoes, depending on the varietal characteristics
Authors: Voronov E V , Terekhova O B , Shashkarov L G , Mefodiev G A , Eliseeva L V , Filippova S V , Samarkin A A
Published: October 2019

The article presents data on the study of the effect of varietal characteristics of potatoes on the formation of yield and quality of tubers. The aim of the work was to identify the best varieties of potatoes for cultivation in Nizhny Novgorod region. For conducting research, the following methods were used: experiments at cultivation, storage, use of potatoes, laboratory studies, tasting evaluation, and ranking. The effect of tuber damage by common scab and rhizoctoniosis on the safety of potato tubers was revealed. It had been established that all varieties of potatoes in conditions of highly cultivated sod-podzolic soils form a high yield of tubers. The maximum yield provides cultivation varieties Crystel and Sandrine. Crystel and Sandrine Varieties were characterized by a maximum yield of marketable tubers and weight per tuber. They also had the high starch content in tubers, the maximum tasting and overall assessment of tubers. It was noted that tubers of all varieties were slightly affected by common scab and rhizoctoniosis, which had a positive effect on their ability to work. To a lesser extent, these diseases affected the tubers of the varieties Crystel, Sandrine, and Serafina. The quality of these varieties was at the level of the standard.
Enzyme preparations in compound feed for ducklings
Authors: Sherne V S , Lavrentev A Y , Evdokimov N V , Petrov N S , Nemtseva E Y , Danilova N V
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the results of the enzyme preparations in various combinations influence on the dynamics of growth, development and slaughter quality of ducklings. Scientific and economic experiment was held in the Chuvash Republic. For the experiments, the control and 2 experimental groups of ducklings (50 animals each), were selected and formed. Ducklings of the 1st experimental group received enzyme preparations amilosubtilin in the amount of 0,05 kg/t and protosubtilin in the amount of 0,05 kg/t during the entire period of cultivation in combination with the feed. Ducklings of the 2nd experimental group of feed got enzyme preparations amilosubtilin in the amount of 0,1 kg/t and celloviridin in the amount of 0,075 kg/t. It was established that ducklings, who received enzyme preparations in addition to animal feed had increased growth energy throughout the experiment. By the end of the experiment, the live weight of the ducklings control group was - 3,424 kg, the first experimental group, who received enzyme preparations amylosubtilin in the amount of 0,05 kg/t and protosubtilin in the amount of 0,05 kg / t in addition to feed – 3,712 kg. In the second experimental group, live weight by the end of the experiment was - 3,804 kg, where ducklings received enzyme preparations amylosubtilin in the amount of 0,1 kg/t and celloviridine in the amount of 0,075 kg/t in addition to feed. The average daily gain in live weight of animals in the control group was 53,52 g, and in the first experimental group – 58,10 g, in the second – 59,56 g. The inclusion of a mixture of enzyme preparations in animal feed in experimental animals contributed to an increase in body length compared with the control by an average of 0,9 cm and 1,6 cm, the tarsus length by 2,5 cm and 4,3 cm, and the chest girth by 1,8 cm and 2,5 cm, respectively. Based on the measurements, body indexes were calculated and had similar values, but with a slight increase in the experimental groups: in terms of massiveness - by 3,16 % in the first and 7,12 % - in the second, in the wide-body index - by 3,84 % in the first and 4,54 % - in the second and by erisomia, respectively - by 2,51 % and 2,66 % compared to the control. Increasing the productivity of ducklings during the cultivation has affected the reduction of feed costs and the unit cost of production, which contributed to an increase in profits in the experimental groups. Thus, the cost of 1 kg of gain in the second experimental group compared with the control group decreased by 7.9 rubles. The profit per 1 kg of gain in the second experimental group compared with the control was more by 7.9 rubles or 22,6%. Compared with the first experimental group at 2.88 rubles, or by 8,3 %.
Characterization of protease activity from hepatopancreas of blue crab
Authors: Makkapan W , Narkthewan P
Published: October 2019

Proteolytic enzymes play an important role in determining the quality of blue crab during postmortem storage. Activity of endogenous proteases is involved in the texture softening and autolysis of blue crab, which limits the customer acceptance and marketing price. This research aimed to characterize the protease activity of crude enzyme extract from the hepatopancreas of blue crab. The optimum activity of crude protease extract was found at pH 7.0 and 50°C. The crude protease enzyme was highly stable over a wide pH range of 4.0-11.0 and showed high stability at temperatures below 40°C. In addition, the protease activity continuously decreased with an increasing concentration of NaCl (0-15% w/v). Therefore, an understanding of the endogenous proteases in the blue crab could be used to develop appropriate storage methods during its distribution process.
Streptomyces spp. culture filtrates reduced T4 infectivity to E. coli
Authors: Lee M J , Liu B L , Kuo H R , Chen C J , Chang K M , Chang C A
Published: October 2019

A Streptomyces spp. culture was isolated and identified. Its filtrate was found to be able to destroy ORSV and CYmMV virus coat protein, and could be used to reduce the transmission of plant virus disease in vivo, in our previous study. We also tested and found that it can destroy the coat proteins of 13 other of plant viruses, suggesting that the mechanism of action is not specific to a few plant viruses. Aim: To test if this culture filtrate can destroy or affect the infectivity of non-plant viruses. Materials and methods: Streptomyces spp. were cultured in soybean-based culture medium for 14 days, and the culture was collected and filtered. T4 phage infection of E. coli was used as a model. E. coli was cultured on 0.75% TSA agar plates. The T4 phage was incubated with various concentrations of Streptomyces spp culture filtrate for 30 minutes, before adding to the E. coli lawn. Culture filtrates of two strains, the C5-6 and the SML-1, were used. T4 phage incubated with 300 ppm virusbom (a known anti-viral agent) was used as a positive control. The formation of T4 lysis colony was calculated for the plaque-forming unit (PFU). Results: The dilution of 1 in 8 of the culture filtrates reduced the number of phage colony on E. coli lawn. The infectivity was significantly reduced when T4 was incubated with the culture filtrate at 1/8 dilution when compared to the non-treated groups. The virusbom treated PFU was significantly reduced, in comparison with C5-6 treated group (P=0.013), and with SML-1 treated group (P=0.028) as per ANOVA test followed by Tukey post-hoc comparison. Summary: These data demonstrated that culture filtrates of Streptomyces spp. reduced T4 to E. coli infectivity and suggested that the anti-viral compounds in the filtrate is not specific to plant viruses. The application of the culture filtrate and its content might have broader applications.
Production of vinegar from organic broken rice noodles
Authors: Jaikang J , Rungsardthong V , Thumthanaruk B , Puttanlek C , Uttapap D , Plathanaporn V , Vatanyoopaisarn S
Published: October 2019

Organic broken rice noodles (OBRN) are generally considered as waste material from noodle processing factories and are of low value. The purpose of this research study was to increase the value of OBRN by converting it to fermented vinegar. In the first step, the hydrolysis methods of OBRN were studied. The conversion of starch into reducing sugar using acid hydrolysis, mold inoculation, and rice cake starter (loog-pang) were compared. For acid hydrolysis, 0.6 M sulfuric or hydrochloric acid at 80, 100, and 121°C was used. For biological hydrolysis, steamed OBRN was soaked in water at a ratio of 1:2 for 1 h, then mixed with 0-0.4 % (w/w) koji or ricecake starter and left to ferment. The latter methods yielded the highest glucose of 167.66 and 178.94 g/L, respectively, when 0.2 % of starters were inoculated for 3 days. In a second step, OBRN wine was made from a mixture of hydrolyzed OBRN liquid and 20° Brix of pineapple juice at a 1:1 ratio and subsequently fermented for 7 days. The alcohol produced from OBRN showed the highest concentration of 10.05 % (v/v) at 7 days of incubation. Lastly, wine was prepared at various alcohol concentrations of 4-6 % (v/v) and at a pH of 5.5 for further vinegar fermentation usingAcetobacter pasteurianusTISTR 102, by shaking at 150 rpm for 7 days. The result showed that the appropriate alcohol concentration for producing vinegar was 4 % (v/v) and the OBRN vinegar exhibited clear, light yellow color, and had total acidity content of 3.52 % (v/v) and a pH of 3.28 after 4 days of incubation.
Effect of freshness and salt on quality of white shrimp
Authors: Kundacha N , Rungsardthong V , Kiatponglarp W , Vatanyoopaisarn S , Puttanlek C , Uttapap D , Hirunarj C , Thumthanaruk B
Published: October 2019

The concentration of salt (NaCl) in white shrimp, which is one of the main export products of Thailand, is very important in quality control. In this research study, Na and Cl distribution in white shrimp was investigated using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique to examine salt absorption and distribution within samples at two freshness levels, freshness levels 3 and 4. White shrimp of both freshness levels were soaked in a salt solution at 9 % (w/v) for 90 min and boiled for 110-130 sec, in accordance with work instructions from a factory. Additional samples were cooked after soaking, and still other samples of raw shrimp (not soaked, not cooked) were examined by the XRF technique and the results obtained were compared with quantitative salt analysis by the titration method. The concentration of Na and Cl can be matched to a color scale to represent the level of Na and Cl absorption. The results show that white shrimp with freshness level 3 absorbed a higher concentration of salt solution (2.49±0.11 %) than the samples with freshness level 4 (2.20±0.14 %). The results were similar to those resulting from the titration method, although the samples at freshness level 3 indicated higher salt concentration. However, white shrimp with freshness level 4 also indicated a higher TVB-N value than that of freshness level 3, but still meets the Thai standard for frozen shrimps and prawns.
Effect of culture conditions and medium compositions on kojic acid production by Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 10124
Authors: Promsang A , Rungsardthong V , Thumthanaruk B , Puttanlek C , Uttapap D , Foophow T , Phalathanaporn V , Vatanyoopaisarn S
Published: October 2019

Kojic acid is a secondary metabolite produced by some strains of Aspergillus spp and has been exploited commercially in food and cosmetic products. The objective of this work was to optimize the cultivation conditions of Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 10124 prior to triggering the fermentation process using organic broken rice noodles (OBRN) as a carbon source. Trials with various carbon and nitrogen sources show that 10% glucose and 0.05% yeast extract with ammonium sulfate was favorable for A. oryzae to produce kojic acid (1.58 g/L at day 4 of cultivation). Initial pH and agitation rate significantly affected the kojic acid formation. The maximum quantities of kojic acid were obtained when the pH of the medium was at 2.5, and shaking was at 200 rpm, at 1.60 g/L and 1.65 g/L, respectively. When the carbon source was changed to OBRN, the substrate was saccharified by alpha-amylase and glucoamylase, and 100% of the hydrolysate was used to replace glucose for the kojic acid fermentation. Kojic acid content increased when using OBRN, at 1.52 g/L, and was comparable to that yielded from the fermentation with glucose (1.58 g/L).
Effect of barrel temperatures and starch type on some properties of extruded glass noodles
Authors: Thapnak C , Rungsardthong V , Vatanyoopaisarn S , Vimolchalao C , Puttanlek C , Uttapap D , Wongsa J , Thumthanaruk B
Published: October 2019

Traditional production of glass noodles is a long and complicated processes mainly uses mung bean starch which is costly. This research aimed to study the extrusion effect of barrel temperature of zone 3 on size, cooking time and stability time (time until the noodles tear in boiling water) compared to the control, the commercial glass noodle produced by the traditional processes. The effects of using starch blends from mung bean starch (MBS) and pea starch (PS), potato starch (PTS), cassava starch (CS) and modified cassava starch (MCS) at the ratio of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 0:100 (w/w) on the size and cooking properties of the glass noodles were investigated and compared to the control. Results showed that the increased barrel temperature of zone 3 of the extruder increased the size of the dried and cooked glass noodles. The starch blends of MBS and PTS glass noodle resulted to the highest cooking loss (7.94-25.09%). The cooking weights (%) of glass noodle were lower with the decrease of MBS followed with the increase of cooking losses (%) in most cases. However, the starch blends of MBS and MCS showed the lowest values of cooking loss at all ratios used (5.30-5.83%). The extruded glass noodles showed similar appearance with lower cooking time (2 min) and stability time (8 min) compared to the control (3 min and 20 min, respectively). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the starch blends of MBS and MCS glass noodle yields cooking properties better than other types of starch blends for the extruded glass noodles.
Utility of ion-exchange substrates to grow potato seedlings under pot conditions
Authors: Filippova S V , Eliseeva L V , Mefodev G A , Makushev A A , Shashkarov L G
Published: October 2019

Present study reports the cultivation of potato seedlings on ionite substrates in pot culture. The possibility of using these substrates to preserve the qualitative characteristics of the potato genotype was studied. The research was conducted on hybrid seed potatoes produced in VNIIKH named after A. G. Lorch. During the growing season, the intensity of seedlings development in terms of stem height (every 2 weeks) was taken into account. At the end of the growing season, the number of leaves was analyzed, and after harvesting, the yield and its contributing components were taken into account. Dispersion analysis was performed to study the quantitative assessment of phenotypic factors. In peat soil, depending on their origin and year of cultivation, the percentage of seedling death varied from 26.0 to 41.6%. On ionite substrates, the survival rate of seedlings significantly increased - only 4.0-14.4% died when grown in cuvettes. After picking in pots, the full survival of seedlings was observed both in the control and in the experimental variants. The best of the experimental options for growing seedlings in pot culture was the substrate IS-2E, prepared on the basis of IS-2V and clinoptilolite in a volume ratio of 3:1. Growth and survival rate of seedlings on ionite substrates significantly increased by 19.3-30.2% over control and thus reduces percentage of seedlings elimination. Growing seedlings is one of the first and most important stages in the general scheme of potato breeding [1,2]. The pot culture of seedlings in greenhouses, which provides separate cultivation of genotypes, high planting density and the ability to eliminate the seasonality of this process, has acquired great importance [3]. However, the mixtures used as a substrate for growing plants do not provide optimal conditions for the growth and development of seedlings and the preservation of all genotypes [4,5]. Identifying optimal substrates and methods for obtaining hybrid seedlings of potatoes and improving the efficiency of selecting high-yielding genotypes at an early stage of selection is considered as an important researchable issue to increase the effectiveness of the entire selection process [6,7]. All this leads to strengthen the research in this direction, which has not yet developed and reported [8].
Food security in Java Island, Indonesia: Panel data of ordinary least square approach
Authors: Prasada I M Y , Masyhuri
Published: October 2019

Food security over the past few years has become a major problem faced by developing countries, including Indonesia, and needs to be resolved properly. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors that influence the food security of the population in Java Island. The data used in this study were secondary data taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2008-2017, namely data on real prices of cooking oil, real sugar prices, real beef prices, real price of rice, food and non-food expenditures, real per capita income, and area of agricultural land. The data was analyzed using a fixed effect regression panel data model. The results of the study show that the factors influencing the share of food expenditure in Java Island were the variables of real prices of rice and real per capita income.
Application of the technology of encapsulation of rowanberry extract to develop a functional cottage cheese dessert
Authors: Matseychik I V , Korpacheva S M , Martynova E G , Lomovsky I O
Published: October 2019

The possibility of using the technology of encapsulation of rowanberry extract to remove the natural bitter taste of raw material is discussed in this paper. Fruits of the rowan native to Novosibirsk city and the Altai region (Russia) were subjected to infrared (IR) drying (the rowanberries were collected in September 2017 and 2018). A plant extract produced using the IR-dried rowanberry powder was utilized for encapsulation. Two encapsulation technologies, spray drying and freeze drying, were discussed and compared. Polysaccharides (konjak gum and guar gum) were used as encapsulating agents. It was found that encapsulation could significantly improve properties of the finished product. The developed encapsulated powder can be used to produce value-added functional cottage cheese dessert. The functional properties of the samples before and after encapsulation were verified using physicochemical methods. The resulting powder had increased contents of vitamin C, β-carotene, flavonoids, and antioxidants.
The competitiveness of indonesian cloves commodity in international market
Authors: Pratama A P , Darwanto D H
Published: October 2019

Clove is one of the plantation commodities that contributes to the Indonesian economy. Indonesia, with a large potential of land area, is expected to be able to increase domestic clove production to provide domestic and international demand, increasingly. The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian clove commodities in the international market. Using the Revealed Comparative Adventage (RCA) indicator, the Trade Specialization Index and the Acceleration Ratio (AR). The results of the analysis show that Indonesian clove commodities have a comparative advantage, and play a role as net clove exporters and are able to compete and reduce the international market share.
Experimental analyses on shearing properties of hop stem
Authors: Yang J , Li X K
Published: October 2019

In order to solve the problems of low cleaning rate and high breakage rate of the existing hop harvesting mechanical cutting devices, single factor and multi-factor orthogonal tests were carried out on hop stems of different varieties, such as Qingdao big flower, Marco Polo and Fragrant flower, by using the universal testing machine. The tests were focused on the influence of the factors, including moisture content, shearing mode and shearing velocity on shearing force. The results show that the influence of the above three factors are all significant, among which the first two are more significant. The shearing force will increase with the decrease of moisture content and it will decrease with the increase of shearing velocity. When the shearing velocity is kept between 100 mm/min and 200 mm/min, it will be the most advantageous to the cutting, and the slip cutting is the most labour-saving mode. The tests show that the cutting effect will be the best during the course of harvesting when the hop stems are fresh. The shearing velocity arrives at 100mm/min and the slip cutting mode is adopted. The results can provide a theoretical basis for improving the cutting devices of the existing hop harvesting machinery.
Amelioration of genetic diversity and its assessment in Brassica napus - carinata introgression lines
Authors: Dhaliwal I , Mason A , Banga S , Bharti S , Banga S S
Published: October 2019

One of the breeding goals in Brassica napus has been to facilitate introgression of novel traits from wild or closely related species through inter- and intra-specific crosses. The present study is based on the evaluation of B. napus – carinata introgression lines (ILs) for introgressed morphological and genetic diversity in comparison to the parental B. napus lines. A set of 81 Brassica napus – carinata ILs, developed previously following a back cross strategy, was assessed for introgressed genetic diversity by comparing them with the 15 B. napus recipient parents under two environments (E1: timely sown and E2: late sown) for phenotypic expression of 13 morpho-physiological traits. Trait averages as well as trait variations were generally higher for ILs, indicating introgression of variability in the desired direction. In comparison to the parents, the ILs were observed to be early to flower, early to mature, higher yielding, had more siliquae on the main axis and the siliquae were longer. ANOVA revealed highly significant differences amongst genotypes for 10 traits of which 4 traits, viz., days to 50% flowering, days to 100% flowering, plant height and pod length were highly significant in both the environments. SNP-based chromosome-wise gene diversity, as estimated using software SELECTIONTOOL, indicated high estimates for individual chromosomes in ILs as compared to the parental lines. The phenotypic variability estimated for majority of the traits in ILs is being utilized for developing new high yielding rapeseed varieties.
Study of pre-treatment and frying condition for seasoned deep fried shredded bamboo shoots (Thyrsostachys siamensis)
Authors: Rajchasom S , Vuthijumnonk J T , Pianpayoungpong P , Kantawong P , Thingakhuea P
Published: October 2019

The objective of this research is to develop a new product of bamboo shoots, which is a seasoned deep fried shredded bamboo shoot. The study was divided into three parts which were the assessment of pre-treatment process for seasoned deep fried bamboo shoot prior to frying, the frying conditions and the consumer acceptability of the seasoning and flavour of the final product. Three pre-treatment processes assessed were freezing, vacuum drying and freeze drying. Three frying temperature levels were 160, 170, and 180°C for 3 and 5 seconds. Two seasoning flavours, corn cheese and paprika, were chosen in this study for a consumer acceptance evaluation. The results showed that the appropriate pre-treatment and frying conditions were the vacuum drying at 60°C for 3 hours and frying at 180°C for 3 second. This condition provided the good characteristics of inflated light golden yellow of the product with a low moisture content of 3.40±1.08% wet basis (w.b.), crispness value of 7.58 N and colour value in L* a* b* term were 51.57±0.91, 6.44±0.19 and 21.96±1.09, respectively. The consumer acceptability of the product was evaluated by sensory test using 9-points hedonic scale, it was found that the overall acceptability on corn cheese and paprika flavours of the product were moderate to much with the score of 7.08±1.44 and 7.18±1.25, respectively. It can be concluded that the bamboo shoots processed in this way have the potential to be developed into a new product.