bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tratamiento ortodóntico de la mordida abierta anterior en adolescentes y adultos: Revisión de literatura
Authors: Nieto-Pillco Mónica , Lima-Illescas Miriam
Published: May 2023

La mordida abierta anterior es una maloclusión caracterizada por la ausencia de contacto de los dientes anteriores superiores con los inferiores cuando los dientes posteriores están en contacto. Esta patología es complicada de tratar en pacientes adultos debido a que produce alteraciones funcionales y estéticas. El tratamiento ortodóntico implica el uso de elásticos con técnica multi-loop edwegise (MEAW), arcos de curva inversa, bloques posteriores de resina y el uso de dispositivos de anclaje esquelético temporal como miniimplantes y miniplacas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue comparar los diferentes tratamientos de ortodoncia en la mordida abierta anterior en pacientes adolescentes y adultos. Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos científicos en bases de datos digitales, fueron incluidos 25 estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La corrección de la mordida abierta anterior con técnica multi-loop edgewise archwire (MEAW) se dió principalmente por la extrusión y retrusión de los dientes anteriores. El uso de elásticos intermaxilares anteriores y arcos de curva inversa de níquel-titanio y los bloques posteriores de resina ha demostrado ser efectivo en casos leves de mordida abierta anterior. La intrusión del sector posterior con miniimplantes es efectiva en el tratamiento de mordida abierta anterior moderada, en mordida abierta anterior grave se recomienda el uso de dispositivos de anclaje esquelético temporal o cirugía ortognática.
Aprender haciendo en Ecuador: Promover la experiencia práctica en la enseñanza técnica
Authors: Ayala-Pazmiño Mario , Prieto-López Yeimer
Published: May 2023

Este artículo examina el papel del aprender haciendo en la educación técnica en Ecuador. El artículo destaca la importancia de la experiencia práctica en la construcción de una fuerza laboral calificada y competitiva a través de la revisión de la literatura relevante y el análisis de las políticas e iniciativas gubernamentales. El Plan Nacional de Educación Técnica, desarrollado en 2011, enfatiza la necesidad de alianzas entre las instituciones educativas y la industria para proporcionar a los estudiantes habilidades relevantes para el mercado laboral. Varias escuelas técnicas y vocacionales en Ecuador ofrecen programas en mecánica, electrónica, soldadura e informática, que a menudo incluyen pasantías o programas de aprendizaje. El artículo concluye discutiendo los posibles beneficios y desafíos de aprender haciendo en Ecuador y destaca la necesidad de más investigación.
La responsabilidad social en las empresas exportadoras de cacao de la provincia de El Oro en el 2022.
Authors: Rivas-Arias Miriam , Solórzano-Solórzano Sandra
Published: May 2023

La dinámica de los mercados internacionales actuales, presentan grandes retos a nivel de competitividad para las empresas, los cambios tecnológicos, tendencias de consumo, normativas de producción ecológicas, entre otras, ponen en evidencia las exigencias a las que están siendo sometidas las organizaciones, el objetivo es potencializar la conquista de mercados internacionales para las exportadoras de cacao de El Oro, mediante las estrategias de responsabilidad social empresarial, la metodología que se utilizó es de tipo de investigación de carácter transversal, optando por una metodología de tipo mixta, en primera instancia se realiza una revisión de datos bibliográficos de bases de datos indexadas el enfoque cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo, con trabajo de campo para medir, interpretar y analizar adecuadamente las principales variables de la situación problemática, complementariamente se opta por una metodología de tipo cualitativa con el uso de entrevistas estructuradas y observación participativa, los resultados presentan que hoy en día toda organización exportadora debe de potencializar conceptos de sostenibilidad y responsabilidad social empresarial, finalmente la RSC debe ser vista como una posible estrategia que ofrece un entorno viable para que las empresas puedan crecer de manera sostenible y permanecer en contacto directo con el entorno, para lo cual es fundamental establecer un marco legal con posicionamientos claros y resolutivos.
Evaluación de la volatilidad del precio internacional del barril de petróleo y su implicación en los estados financieros de las entidades públicas, caso empresas petroleras, periodos semestrales 2020-2021
Authors: Chaluisa-Ante Erika , Jiménez-Silva Erlinda
Published: May 2023

El Ecuador es un país cuyo principal producto de exportación es el petróleo, por lo cual, se requiere de una eficiente administración económica y financiera en las empresas petroleras. No obstante, se identificó la limitada inversión en los campos de producción principalmente en Petroamazonas EP, que provocaron que el costo de producir sea elevado y no aporte a la generación de ingresos suficientes para el país. De tal manera, el objetivo de estudio fue analizar la volatilidad del precio internacional del barril de petróleo y su incidencia en los indicadores financieros de liquidez, endeudamiento, gestión y rentabilidad de las empresas Petroecuador y Petroamazonas EP mediante el análisis de los estados financieros del año 2018 al año 2021 para tener un mejor ratio de representación de los semestres 2020-2021. Para ello, se aplicó una metodología cuantitativa de alcance correlacional, cuyos resultados obtenidos demostraron índices aceptables de liquidez, mayor financiamiento de recursos propios, la rotación de cuentas por cobrar son mayores que la rotación de cuentas por pagar  y que los indicadores de rentabilidad son mejores en la empresa Petroecuador a comparación de Petroamazonas EP. De tal manera se concluyó que, la empresa Petroecuador ha demostrado mantener una administración eficiente en el manejo de los indicadores financieros, por lo que, la fusión con la empresa de Petroamazonas EP en el año 2021 ha provocado una diminución en los mismos y su rentabilidad se ha visto afectada lo que ha puesto en desventaja los beneficios de los accionistas de la empresa.
Alcance de la normativa penal respecto a la tala irracional de bosques en Ecuador
Authors: Jaramillo-Salcedo Milena , Galarraga-Carvajal Marcelo
Published: May 2023

La presente investigación, está desarrollada con el método deductivo, conforme al objetivo general que es el de establecer la necesidad de tipificar como delito la tala irracional de bosques en Ecuador, mediante el cual se determina los elementos de la conducta humana que alteran los bosques por la tala indiscriminada, la normativa ecuatoriana que salvaguarda la naturaleza, la falta de una posición reguladora de conducta a través de la tipificación en la normativa penal, con la finalidad que el lector reconozca las falencias de la ley, de las políticas gubernamentales y de la actuación de las autoridades ambientales para reflexionar en las razones por la cuales se establece la ausencia de interés estatal en la tipificación como delito de la tala irracional de bosques en Ecuador.
Percepción del valor de marca de la cerveza artesanal en el mercado millenial de la ciudad de Machala
Authors: Mosquera-Niebla Cristopher , Guerrero-Landi Steven , Aguilar-Gálvez William
Published: May 2023

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el valor de marca de la cerveza artesanal en el mercado millennial de la ciudad de Machala. La metodología tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo correlacional. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis multivariante de PLS-SEM con la finalidad de probar el modelo estructural planteado. Se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta aplicando como instrumento un cuestionario de preguntas valorado mediante la escala Likert en 5 puntos. Como resultado, se encontró que la confianza es un factor importante que se relaciona de manera positiva y significativa con el valor de marca. Así mismo, se comprobó que la lealtad es un elemento fundamental para la construcción de valor de marca, ya que también demuestra relación significativa. Esto permitió concluir que, ciertamente existe una relación positiva y significativa entre la confianza, la lealtad y el valor de marca, corroborando así las hipótesis de estudio.
La expresión corporal en la educación inicial
Authors: Chuni-Sanmatin Estrella , Larco-Pullas Jenny
Published: May 2023

La expresión corporal es una de las formas más elementales de comunicación que tiene el ser humano la misma que se desarrolla desde la etapa gestacional y se estimula desde los primeros meses de vida. Al haber atravesado por una pandemia y confinamiento que limitó el movimiento de los más pequeños surge la necesidad de investigar sobre la expresión corporal en los niños de educación inicial, para conocer las características y niveles evolutivos de la expresión de los infantes mediante el análisis de documentos científicos académicos publicados en revistas indexadas, para lo cual se utilizó la metodología de recolección bibliográfica, aplicando el proceso deductivo, para comprender la evolución de los movimientos; se aplicó también el método sistemático para mantener un orden adecuado en el manejo de la información recolectada para la elaboración del presente documento que contiene las etapas principales de la expresión corporal, las causas de la pérdida o disminución del normal desarrollo motriz, así como las características que el ser humano despliega según su edad. Se concluye con la extracción y comparación de varias investigaciones que permitieron establecer el conocimiento en diferentes contextos. Se concluye que no hay mayor información científico-académica que determine algún tipo de retraso en el normal desarrollo de la expresión corporal en los niños que cursan el nivel inicial, debido a la pandemia y posterior confinamiento aun cuando la realidad es digna de ser investigada con rigurosidad y a profundidad.
Producción y consumo avícola en Manabí. Una comparación interna entre demanda y consumo
Authors: Palma-Avellán Ana , Sabando-Mendoza Estela
Published: May 2023

El sector avícola es una de las industrias con mayor crecimiento en la actividad económica. En el Ecuador el sector avícola ha tenido un fuerte crecimiento en las últimas décadas, esto debido al crecimiento poblacional, lo que genera más demanda en el mercado. El presente estudio se centra en 4 cantones de la provincia de Manabí, tales como Pedernales, Calceta; Flavio Alfaro y Junín, en cuyo contexto se aplicó una encuesta de tipo cerrada, a consumidores. Esto, con el fin de conocer su preferencia a la hora de escoger productos del sector avícola. Con los resultados obtenidos se realizó una comparación interna entre estos 4 cantones. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo con un tipo de estudio correlacional y de campo. Obteniendo como resultado general que los productos de este sector son altamente consumidos por los habitantes de las zonas estudiadas. Al considerar esto último, se puede declarar el objetivo de la presente investigación; mismo que consistió en realizar una comparación interna entre los índices de demanda y consumo del sector avícola de los cantones anteriormente referidos. De lo antes expuesto se concluye que: El consumo de productos de este sector solo irá en aumento en los cantones anteriormente mencionados. En ese orden de ideas, se puede asumir como punto de partida de la presente investigación, el interés por conocer cuáles son los factores que se toman en consideración a la hora de adquirir productos del sector avícola por parte de los habitantes de estos cantones.
Instauración de la innovación en los emprendimientos.
Authors: Feijó-Cuenca Priscila , Ceular-Villamandos Nuria , Navajas-Romero Virginia , Feijó-Cuenca Tito , Quiroz-Peñarrieta Irlanda
Published: May 2023

El emprendimiento y la innovación, son dos factores que se encuentran vinculados entre sí, y que en el último tiempo han tenido un auge bastante importante, el objetivo fundamental de estudio es analizar los factores que inciden en el comportamiento del ambiente emprendedor y la escaza innovación. La metodología estuvo basada en un análisis de naturaleza descriptiva, ya que, a través de la técnica de la recopilación bibliográfica, se obtuvo información útil sobre el tema central de investigación. Adicionalmente, se determina que este estudio es de alcance no experimental ya que través de este diseño se recopilo la información sobre la evolución del emprendedor en el Ecuador. Como principal resultado se tiene que Ecuador posee una TEA del 36,9% una de las tasas mas altas a nivel de América Latina, sin embargo, se ha podido detectar que gran parte de los emprendimientos son repetitivos, y actualmente han decidido dar los primeros pasos para poder innovar. Finalmente, se concluye que la administración pública debería enfocar sus políticas para el fortalecimiento y desarrollo de este sector, así como una continua asesoría técnica, para que los emprendedores puedan sacar adelante sus ideas de negocio.
Importancia de las medidas cautelares dentro del procedimiento coactivo en el Ecuador
Authors: Aguirre-Ramírez Juan , D’Ambrocio-Camacho Diana
Published: May 2023

Las instituciones públicas en el Ecuador tienen la facultad legal para instaurar procedimientos coactivos en contra de sus deudores a fin de recuperar su cartera vencida, dentro de estos procesos administrativos, al igual que en los procesos judiciales, se ordenan medidas cautelares que son instrumentos de coacción idóneos para la recuperación efectiva de los valores vencidos. En el marco jurídico ecuatoriano existe la normativa idónea para que el proceso coactivo sea eficaz, pero en la práctica procesal se presentan problemas que afectan el normal desarrollo del procedimiento; mediante el análisis lógico y con el propósito de abordar la problemática que se presenta en la práctica procesal coactiva dentro el ámbito del derecho administrativo y con fundamento en el marco teórico - normativo se identificarán los tipos de medidas cautelares que se dictan en los procesos de recuperación vía coactiva, se evidenciarán los problemas procesales en la práctica que merman su efectividad y por último se establecerán recomendaciones de buenas prácticas para una gestión coactiva eficaz que promueva la utilización adecuada de las medidas cautelares a fin de elevar los índices de recuperación de las acreencias.
Eficacia del gobierno electrónico en el cumplimiento de obligaciones tributarias, en la ciudad de Portoviejo, 2021
Authors: Cuzme-Macay Cinthya , Zambrano-Montesdeoca Jasson
Published: May 2023

La gobernabilidad basada en las tecnologías es una tendencia que va en aumento entre los gobiernos latinoamericanos, los avances tecnológicos han logrado que muchos procesos que se debían realizar de manera presencial, ahora se realicen por medio de alguna aplicación web o al ingresar a determinada página web de cualquier organización. En este sentido, las tecnologías de la comunicación y la información están siendo las protagonistas de muchos cambios a todos los niveles, y tal es el caso de los gobiernos y democracias de diferentes partes del mundo, estos gobiernos se han planteado la posibilidad de incluir las nuevas tecnologías a los procesos gubernamentales, generando lo que se conoce como Gobierno Electrónico, el cual basa su idea central de aplicación en la incorporación de herramientas tecnológicas a sus procesos u opciones que se ofrecen al ciudadano con la finalidad de gestionar sus requerimientos de una manera más expedita, veraz y transparente. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la eficacia del gobierno electrónico en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias en la ciudad de Portoviejo año 2021, esto como parte de una nueva política de Gobierno Abierto adoptado por el Ecuador. La metodología empleada fue la de una investigación documental, en la que se concluyó que la ciudad de Portoviejo ocupa uno de los lugares intermedios en Ecuador en el que se incluye servicios eficientes en torno a los procesos de cobro a nivel tributario de la región, aparte de la información disponible en la página web de la ciudad.
Evaluating short- to medium-term effects of implantable satellite tags on southern right whales Eubalaena australis
Authors: Charlton C , Christiansen F , Ward R , Mackay AI , Andrews-Goff V , Zerbini AN , Childerhouse S , Guggenheimer S , O’Shannessy B , Brownell RL
Published: May 2023

Improving our understanding of the effects of satellite tags on large whales is a critical step in ongoing tag development to minimise potential health effects whilst addressing important research questions that enhance conservation management policy. In 2014, satellite tags were deployed on 9 female southern right whales Eubalaena australis accompanied by a calf off Australia. Photo-identification resights (n = 48) of 4 photo-identified individuals were recorded 1 to 2894 d (1-8 yr) post-tagging. Short-term (<22 d) effects observed included localised and regional swelling, depression at the tag site, blubber extrusion, skin loss and pigmentation colour change. Broad swelling observable from lateral but not aerial imagery (~1.2 m diameter or ~9% of body length) and depression at the tag site persisted up to 1446 d post-tagging for 1 individual, indicating a persistent foreign-body response or infection. Two tagged individuals returned 4 yr post-tagging in 2018 with a calf, and the medium-term effects were evaluated by comparing body condition of tagged whales with non-tagged whales. These females calved in a typical 4 yr interval, suggesting no apparent immediate impact of tagging on reproduction for these individuals, but longer-term monitoring is needed. There was no observable difference in the body condition between the 2 tagged and non-tagged females. Ongoing monitoring post-tagging is required to build on the sample size and statistical power. We demonstrate the value of long-term monitoring programmes and a collaborative approach for evaluating effects from satellite-tagging cetaceans to support species management.
Lepeophtheirus (Copepoda: Caligidae) associated with fish: global infection patterns, parasite-host interactions and geographic range
Authors: Tavares-Dias M , Oliveira MSB
Published: May 2023

Lepeophtheirus Nordmann, 1832 is a genus of sea lice that have been reported to cause parasitic disease problems for fish farming and the fishery industry. This first global investigation on Lepeophtheirus species associated with fish and infestation patterns, parasite-host interactions and geographic ranges linked to these ectoparasites covered articles published from 1940 to 2022. The total of 481 samples of Lepeophtheirus spp. comprised 49 species of these ectoparasites and were found parasitizing 100 teleost fish species from 46 families and 15 orders. Globally, a total of 9 Lepeophtheirus species were found in farmed fish (1 species occurred only in farmed fish and 8 species in both farmed and wild fish) and 48 in wild fish. The highest numbers of occurrences of Lepeophtheirus were in Serranidae and Pleuronectidae. L. pectoralis and L. salmonis were the species with widest geographic distribution. Host specificity was an important factor in the geographic distribution of L. salmonis. Most of the parasite species showed specificity for host fish families, as well as specificity for geographic regions. Little is known about many Lepeophtheirus species compared to the economical important L. salmonis. This could be an obstacle to developing improved management control strategies for the parasite in the fish farming industry, in addition to the diminishing knowledge of parasite taxonomy in many regions.
Influences of natural and anthropogenic habitat variables on Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins Sousa chinensis in Hong Kong
Authors: Jefferson TA , Becker EA , Huang SL
Published: May 2023

Indo-Pacific humpback dolphinsSousa chinensisin Hong Kong (HK) waters are part of a large (ca. 2000-2500), but declining, population that occurs in the Pearl River Estuary of southern China. To understand the factors that may influence dolphin densities in 4 different parts of HK, a 25 yr (1996-2020) database containing 66439 km of line-transect survey effort and 4052 dolphin sightings was used. Seventeen variables representing natural and anthropogenic habitat factors were evaluated using generalized additive models (GAMs) to identify the preferred habitat of humpback dolphins in HK waters. In the environmental GAMs, rainfall, salinity, and river discharge were significant factors related to dolphin density, consistent with their observed strong preference for estuarine habitat. Sea surface temperature was also important for one of the 4 subareas. In the anthropogenic GAMs, the only significant variable was the amount of habitat area lost to land reclamation in North Lantau. This finding is consistent with previous hypotheses that heavy coastal engineering in North Lantau has contributed to observed declines in dolphin abundance during the study period. This study provides some of the first quantitative indications of factors that are potentially influencing the density of the animals in various parts of HK. As such, it will be a valuable tool for evaluating and mitigating potential impacts of both natural and anthropogenic factors on the population in the future.
THE EAST ASIA-AFRICA RELATION DYNAMICS: THE IMPLICATIONS OF PRC-NIGERIA ECONOMIC COOPERATION THROUGH (FOCAC) FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS
Authors: Mulyaman Darynaufal , Sitepu Yafet Wibowo Gegeh Aronta , Sontany Raden Ariobimo Bayu
Published: May 2023

This paper reviews the form of cooperation and the implications of economic cooperation between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Nigeria, in the economic field within the framework of the Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). The theory used is the theory of International Cooperation according to K.J. Holsti. the author will look specifically at what are some of Nigeria's abundant wealth that should be utilized and how it has implications for the Nigerian economy and the author will also look at how the region building in Africa is in political and economic challenges. The purpose of writing this paper is to find out how cooperation takes shape and the implications of PRC-Nigeria economic cooperation through the Forum on China Africa Cooperation. The author also argues that China also has a national interest in Nigeria. The author also sees the economic implications for Nigeria as important to encourage Nigeria and the African region in general.
The Effects of Resveratrol and Melatonin on Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetic Elderly Female Rats
Authors: Akgun-Unal N , Ozyildirim S , Unal O , Bugra Baltaci S , Mogulkoc R , Kasim Baltaci A
Published: May 2023

We aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin and resveratrol on diabetes-related papillary muscle dysfunction and structural heart disorders. The protective effect of resveratrol and melatonin supplementation on cardiac functions was investigated in a diabetic elderly female rat model. 16-month-old rats (n=48) were allocated into 8 groups. Group1: Control, Group2: Resveratrol Control, Group3: Melatonin Control, Group4: Resveratrol and Melatonin Control, Group5: Diabetes, Group6: Diabetes Resveratrol, Group7: Diabetes Melatonin, Group8: Diabetes Resveratrol and Melatonin. Streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally to the rats for experimental diabetes induction. Thereafter, resveratrol (intraperitoneal) and melatonin (subcutaneous) were administered for 4 weeks. Resveratrol and melatonin had a protective effect on the contractile parameters and structural properties of the papillary muscle, which was impaired by diabetes. it has been presented that diabetes impairs the contractile function of the papillary muscle for each stimulus frequency tested and the responses obtained as a result of Ca+2 uptake and release mechanisms from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum, and it has been observed that these effects are improved with resveratrol and melatonin injection. The decrease in myocardial papillary muscle strength in the diabetic elderly female rat can be reversed with the combination of resveratrol, melatonin and resveratrol+melatonin. Melatonin+resveratrol supplementation is no different from melatonin and/or resveratrol supplementation. Resveratrol and melatonin supplementation may have a protective effect on cardiac functions in a diabetic elderly female rat model.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS ON DATA PROCESSING LEARNING MATERIALS THROUGH THE AIR (AUDITORY, INTELLECTUAL, REPETITION) LEARNING MODEL
Authors: Indriani Erlinda , Isrok'atun I. , Sujana Atep
Published: May 2023

Conveying ideas is needed to direct mathematical communication skills. In fact, mathematical communication abilities are indicated not to be maximized. Several conditions imply that the students' mathematical communication skills are less than optimal, one of which is teacher-based learning. In this paper, the research was conducted specifically to measure the improvement of students' abilities in mathematical communication by applying the AIR model to data processing learning material. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental method with the Nonequivalent Control Group design. The results of the initial and final tests of students' mathematical communication skills indicate an improvement. The students at Grade V of SD Negeri Pataruman and SD Negeri Darmaraja I were the control and experimental classes for the research sample. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling technique. The results of the data analysis indicate that the students’ mathematical communication skill average score of the experimental class applying the AIR model was higher than the control class score by applying conventional learning. In the experimental class, the average score of mathematical communication skills was 43,34% in medium interpretation. Meanwhile, in the control class, the average score was 13,06% with a low interpretation. The description implies that the treatment in the experimental and control classes improves the students' mathematical communication skills differently.
ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM THROUGH ACADEMIC SUPERVISION AT SDN 95 PEKANBARU
Authors: Harahap Amir Hakim
Published: May 2023

This paper documents the improvement of teacher professionalism through academic supervision. Teacher professionalism has been widely scrutinized as one of the main issues in education. Because one of the components that determine student learning outcomes is the teacher. With academic supervision, teacher professionalism can be increased at the institutional level. Therefore, the implementation of academic supervision needs to be carried out systematically by supervisors so that the teachers can carry out their duties effectively and efficiently. The implementation of academic supervision needs to be directed to the attempts that provide opportunities for teachers to develop professionally. The research in this paper is School Action Research (PTS) using Kemmis and Mc. Taggart research design model. The research was conducted at SDN 95 Pekanbaru. The research subjects involved 27 teachers. Two cycles that reveal the results of the teacher's ability or understanding are increasing. The initial conditions’ percentage score in cycle I were 44.44%, 51.85%, 51.85%, and 44.44%. Subsequently, it increased significantly in cycle II, which were 100%, 92.59%, 88.88%, and 85.18%. Overall, teacher professionalism increased significantly. Based on this case, academic supervision helps teachers to develop their abilities in achieving the learning objectives, which have been set for their students.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LEARNING-BASED GAME METHOD TO IMPROVE ELEMENTARY STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACTIVENESS
Authors: Zega Yusnarita , Tangkin Wiyun Philipus
Published: May 2023

Students’ learning activeness is crucial in the ongoing learning process. In fact, there are still students who do not have active in learning. Based on the observation, it was found that there were still students who did not have active in learning. Students never expressed opinions and questions, students were not enthusiastic, students played or talked with friends during the learning process, students hesitated to express opinions, students often got permission to leave class, and students did not contribute to group discussions. The solution to these problems is to apply the game method in learning. The aim is to explain that the application of the game method can increase the students’ activeness in learning during the learning process in the classroom. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method. The result is that the application of the game method can increase students’ learning activeness. It is marked by a change in the response showed by students in which students become enthusiastic while participating in learning, students actively ask and answer questions, and students are actively involved in discussions and some of them are in accordance with indicators of student’s learning activeness. Nevertheless, to obtain significant results, a teacher can apply this method repeatedly. As a Christian teacher, of course, the teacher must be able to use their abilities and intellect to see the problems that students are experiencing in class, then the teacher seeks the right solution based on Bible truth. The suggestion that can be given to teachers is to evaluate the problems of students’ learning activeness in order to be able to determine other methods that are more effective for the improvement of students’ learning activeness.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NUMBERED-HEAD-TOGETHER METHOD TO IMPROVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses the improvement of Class IV students’ learning process at SDN Segeran Kidul Indramayu by applying the Numbered-Head-Together cooperative learning model. The method used is classroom action research (CAR) using Kemmis and Mc. Taggart model for three cycles. The research instruments include student and teacher observation sheets, multiple-choice questions, and documentation. Data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the research imply that there was an improved learning process followed by significant learning outcomes. There was an increased percentage of students’ learning process at 51% in the first cycle. The increased percentage of students’ learning process in the second cycle was 69.38% with a significant percentage of 18.38% from the first cycle. In the third cycle, students fulfilled the learning process indicator of 84.5% with a significant percentage of 15.12% from the second cycle. This significant percentage was reinforced by the pre-test average score of 46.73 smaller than the post-test average score of 62.82 with a completeness percentage of 21.73%  in the first cycle. The percentage of students’ learning outcomes in the second cycle was 47.82% with an average value of 72.17. The increased percentage was 26.09% based on the student’s learning outcomes in the first cycle. The percentage of students’ learning outcomes in the third cycle was 82.60% with an average value of 82.39. There was a significant percentage of 34.78% based on the student’s learning outcomes in the second cycle. These results have achieved the school’s minimum criteria of mastery learning indicator (KKM) at 75%. Therefore, the Numbered-Head-Together method is effective and able to increase the elementary school students’ learning process, especially at SDN Segeran Kidul Indramayu.
Assessing soil health following conversion from forestry to pasture in Canterbury
Authors: Schon Nicole L , Roberts Ants , Narbey Rhys
Published: May 2023

Soil health was assessed across land conversions from forestry (Pinus radiata) to irrigated dairy pasture. Samples were collected and indicators of soil fertility, organic matter, soil physical condition and biological activity assessed. Soil health scores were calculated from the indicators and distance from optimum shown in radar plots. Soil health was improved for pastoral land use following conversion from forestry. The timesince forestry ceased and irrigation commenced had a signification effect on indicators of soil health, although many were not optimum even for the sites longest out of forestry/under irrigation. The main factors contributing to lower scores across all sites were suboptimal fertility,high C:N ratios, high macroporosity, low microbial respiration and low earthworm abundance and diversity. Some aspects (e.g., fertility) could be managed through nutrient application, while other aspects are more difficult to manage (e.g., C:N ratio and biological activity). Management targeting these properties may accelerate the path to a healthy and well-functioning soil. The inclusion of a wider range of indicators can help to better understand and manage soils during the conversion from forestry to pasture. This approach could be useful across all pasture systems to help ensure well-functioning soils.
Plantain dominated in mown mixed swards, but produced less than the original ryegrass-dominant sward
Authors: Taylor Anna , Moss Ray
Published: May 2023

This trial determined the effect of compost on mixed species pasture. Existing (five year old) perennial ryegrass provided the control. A mixture of perennial ryegrass, white clover and plantain was sown into sprayed-out treatment plots, giving five replicates of six treatments. One treatment was direct drilled another was cultivated and drilled. The remaining three were spread with compost (50, 100 or 150 t/hawet weight) and cultivated. Plots were mown at 35 d intervals for two years with clippings returned to the sward. Although grass established well at 500 plants/m2 plantain quickly came to dominate in all renewed plots, at 55-61% of DM in year 1 and 57-79% of DM in year 2. Grass contributed 29-35% of DM in year 1 and 10-30% in year 2, with clover 5-8% in year 1 and 10-14% in year 2. Grass dominated control plots (73and 82% DM, respectively), while clover contributed more DM in absence of plantain (22% and 17%). Compost did not affect production. Cultivation gave a slight advantage over direct drilling, but new swards produced <50% the total DM of the control (P<0.05). Substantial investment was involved, so rewards need to be considerable to recoup costs.
Participation of Local Administration Bodies of Provisional Military Administration and Reichskommissariat ‘Ukraine’ in Ensuring Holocaust Measures (1941-1944)
Authors: Honcharenko Oleksiy , Ivanenko Alina
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the research paper is to uncover the role and significance of local administration bodies that were established on the territories under the control of the Provisional Military Administration (PMA) and the Reichskommissariat ‘Ukraine’ (RKU) in ensuring the Holocaust policy.

Scientific novelty is based on the original documentary sources analysis. It is determined that the employees of local administration bodies in the German occupation zones of Ukraine, even against their will, took an active part in various forms of preparation and technical support for actions to exterminate Jews, their persecution by the authorities, and looting of the property belonging to them.

Conclusions. In the territories under the control of the PMA and the RKU, local administration bodies were established, which, although not unified, were still typical institutions of occupation administration. Despite the unequal organizational structure, local administration bodies had to perform all the tasks assigned by the German authorities. In the practical activity of those authorities, there were no repressive and punitive functions, but it was their staff who had to provide the measures that were the basis of the Holocaust policy, which was consistently and all-out conducted by the Nazis in occupied Ukraine.

Performing the functions of the occupation administration, the employees of the local administration bodies of the PMA and the RKU took an active part in both the preparatory measures and the purely technical support of actions for the extermination of the Jews. With the assistance of the local administrative staff members, the German authorities managed to settle the matter of registration and identification of the Jewish population, establish an effective system of control over issuing personal documents, as well as search and selection of places for conducting the massacres. Without their active participation, the Nazis would not have been able to organize actions of extermination people so quickly, as well as to identify systematically those who managed to avoid death and were hiding from the persecution of the German occupiers. Also quite actively, some employees of local administration bodies participated in propagandistic provision and justification of massacres of the Jews in Ukraine.

Local authorities took part in the redistribution of property that belonged to the killed Jews. A great part of the former Jewish property, with the permission of the German authorities, was given to the local authorities, and the funds received after its sale were transferred to the bank accounts of the local authorities and used to finance their activities. At the same time, many employees of local administration bodies, using their official position, tried to obtain part of the property of people who had already been killed.
Interest in Historical Figures on the World Wide Web as a Marker of Historical Consciousness in Contemporary Ukraine
Authors: Telvak Vitalii , Werner Wiktor
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the article – to determine the specifics and intensity of interest in M. Hrushevskyi from 2004 to 2022 based on statistical data from the Google search engine.

The scientific novelty of the study consists in clarifying the peculiarities of M. Hrushevskyi’s reception in cyberspace, manifested in the frequency of searching for information about him using the popular Google search engine, as well as Wikipedia, the largest online encyclopedia.

Conclusions. At the end of our research, we conclude that M. Hrushevskyi appears to be a well-known and important figure to Ukrainian users, but on the contrary, does not generate much interest amongst Internet users from other countries. As we can see from the acquired results, search queries concerning M. Hrushevskyi are mainly dominated by scientific and didactic topics. Therefore, a certain working hypothesis can be derived in that the discourse dealing with M. Hrushevskyi is not noticeably politicized, as might be expected given his dizzying career during the revolutionary years. Instead, the discourse relates more to education, cultural heritage research, memory and history. The obtained data will be useful primarily to sociologists working on establishing the attitude change dynamics of Ukrainians towards our most famous historical figures.
DIRECTED SYNTHESIS OF INNOVATIVE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS: GENERAL PRINCIPLES, POSITIONS AND MODELS
Authors:   National Transport University, Krasnoshtan Olexander
Published: May 2023

A new approach to the process of synthesis of innovative transport systems is proposed. The proposed method has a number of significant advantages over existing methods. The main ones are guaranteed access to the required structures and parameters, less time-consuming and reduced time. Keywords: transport systems, synthesis of systems, directional synthesis, innovative transport systems.
CRISPR-Cas and catalytic hairpin assembly technology for target-initiated amplification detection of pancreatic cancer specific tsRNAs
Authors: Wu Jie , Xu Hongpan , Hu Fenghua , Jiang Yiyue , Fan Boyue , Khan Adeel , Sun Yifan , Di Kaili , Gu Xinrui , Shen Han , Li Zhiyang
Published: May 2023

Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) tRF-LeuCAG-002 (ts3011a RNA) is a novel class of non-coding RNAs biomarker for pancreatic cancer (PC). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been unfit for community hospitals that are short of specialized equipment or laboratory setups. It has not been reported whether isothermal technology can be used for detection, because the tsRNAs have rich modifications and secondary structures compared with other non-coding RNAs. Herein, we have employed a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) circuit and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) to develop an isothermal and target-initiated amplification method for detecting ts3011a RNA. In the proposed assay, the presence of target tsRNA triggers the CHA circuit that transforms new DNA duplexes to activate collateral cleavage activity of CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) 12a, achieving cascade signal amplification. This method showed a low detection limit of 88 aM at 37 °C within 2 h. Moreover, it was demonstrated for the first time that, this method is less likely to produce aerosol contamination than RT-qPCR by simulating aerosol leakage experiments. This method has good consistency with RT-qPCR in the detection of serum samples and showed great potential for PC-specific tsRNAs point-of-care testing (POCT).
The effect of building height on thermal properties and comfort of a housing project in the hot arid climate of the UAE
Authors: Salameh Muna , Elkhazindar Ayat , Touqan Basim
Published: May 2023

A city’s microclimate is greatly impacted by urbanization. The ratio of building height to street width affects the thermal properties of urban canyons. This characteristic is one of the main elements that control the thermal radiation emitted and how much solar radiation is absorbed, causing the urban air temperature to be much greater than in rural areas (urban heat island effect). The main aim of this study is to examine the thermal effect of the variations in the height of housing buildings on the urban layout and canyons in the hot arid climate of the UAE. The study used a qualitative method based on ENVI-met software and a case study of an existing housing project to investigate the current situation and the future thermal conditions of proposed configurations. The study investigated two groups of configurations with unified and diverse heights. The results of the study found that the best case among the first group of configurations with unified heights was U3, which had unified mass heights reaching 20 m height, the highest H/W ratio, and the lowest sky view factor; it recorded 0.5°C reduction in the 2:00 p.m. air temperature compared to the base case. The results also revealed that in the case of diverse heights, it is better to locate the highest masses in the hot wind direction. The D2, with highest masses of 20 m height that were located only on the north and west sides of the area blocking the hot north-west prevailing wind, recorded a reduction about 0.9°C compared to the base case. Moreover, in the cases with lower air temperature, U3 and D2 recorded the best predicted mean vote readings, especially in the daytime, when the air temperature is highest.
Disease tolerance: a protective mechanism of lung infections
Authors: Xu Jianqiao , Xiao Nan , Zhou Dongsheng , Xie Lixin
Published: May 2023

Resistance and tolerance are two important strategies employed by the host immune response to defend against pathogens. Multidrug-resistant bacteria affect the resistance mechanisms involved in pathogen clearance. Disease tolerance, defined as the ability to reduce the negative impact of infection on the host, might be a new research direction for the treatment of infections. The lungs are highly susceptible to infections and thus are important for understanding host tolerance and its precise mechanisms. This review focuses on the factors that induce lung disease tolerance, cell and molecular mechanisms involved in tissue damage control, and the relationship between disease tolerance and sepsis immunoparalysis. Understanding the exact mechanism of lung disease tolerance could allow better assessment of the immune status of patients and provide new ideas for the treatment of infections.
A neutralizing bispecific single-chain antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant produced based on CR3022
Authors: Yu Kaikai , Liu Bin , Yu Haotian , Sun Chengbiao , Wang Xuefeng , Li Guorui , Dong Mingxin , Wang Yan , Zhang Jianxu , Xu Na , Liu Wensen
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The constantly mutating SARS-CoV-2 has been infected an increasing number of people, hence the safe and efficacious treatment are urgently needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are potentially effective therapeutics against COVID-19. As a new form of antibody, bispecific single chain antibodies (BscAbs) can be easily expressed in E. coli and exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity.

Methods

In this study, we constructed two BscAbs 16-29, 16-3022 and three single chain variable fragments (scFv) S1-16, S2-29 and S3022 as a comparison to explore their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The affinity of the five antibodies was characterized by ELISA and SPR and the neutralizing activity of them was analyzed using pseudovirus or authentic virus neutralization assay. Bioinformatics and competitive ELISA methods were used to identify different epitopes on RBD.

Results

Our results revealed the potent neutralizing activity of two BscAbs 16-29 and 16-3022 against SARS-CoV-2 original strain and Omicron variant infection. In addition, we also found that SARS-CoV RBD-targeted scFv S3022 could play a synergistic role with other SARS-CoV-2 RBD-targeted antibodies to enhance neutralizing activity in the form of a BscAb or in cocktail therapies.

Discussion

This innovative approach offers a promising avenue for the development of subsequent antibody therapies against SARSCoV-2. Combining the advantages of cocktails and single-molecule strategies, BscAb therapy has the potential to be developed as an effective immunotherapeutic for clinical use to mitigate the ongoing pandemic.
Host innate immune responses and microbiome profile of neonatal calves challenged with Cryptosporidium parvum and the effect of bovine colostrum supplementation
Authors: Gamsjäger Lisa , Cirone Karina M. , Schluessel Steffany , Campsall Mackenzie , Herik Aydin , Lahiri Priyoshi , Young Daniel , Dufour Antoine , Sapountzis Panagiotis , Otani Saria , Gomez Diego E. , Windeyer M. Claire , Cobo Eduardo R.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Calves are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal infection with Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum), which can result in watery diarrhea and eventually death or impaired development. With little to no effective therapeutics, understanding the host’s microbiota and pathogen interaction at the mucosal immune system has been critical to identify and test novel control strategies.

Methods

Herein, we used an experimental model of C. parvum challenge in neonatal calves to describe the clinical signs and histological and proteomic profiling of the mucosal innate immunity and microbiota shifts by metagenomics in the ileum and colon during cryptosporidiosis. Also, we investigated the impact of supplemental colostrum feeding on C. parvum infection.

Results

We showed that C. parvum challenged calves experienced clinical signs including pyrexia and diarrhea 5 days post challenge. These calves showed ulcerative neutrophil ileitis with a proteomic signature driven by inflammatory effectors, including reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidases. Colitis was also noticed with an aggravated mucin barrier depletion and incompletely filled goblet cells. The C. parvum challenged calves also displayed a pronounced dysbiosis with a high prevalence of Clostridium species (spp.) and number of exotoxins, adherence factors, and secretion systems related to Clostridium spp. and other enteropathogens, including Campylobacter spp., Escherichia sp., Shigella spp., and Listeria spp. Daily supplementation with a high-quality bovine colostrum product mitigated some of the clinical signs and modulated the gut immune response and concomitant microbiota to a pattern more similar to that of healthy unchallenged calves.

Discussion

C. parvum infection in neonatal calves provoked severe diarrheic neutrophilic enterocolitis, perhaps augmented due to the lack of fully developed innate gut defenses. Colostrum supplementation showed limited effect mitigating diarrhea but demonstrated some clinical alleviation and specific modulatory influence on host gut immune responses and concomitant microbiota.