bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematics and distribution of spruce species in the North-West of Russia
Authors: Orlova Larisa , Gussarova Galina , Glazkova Elena , Egorov Alexander , Potokin Alexander , Ivanov Sergey
Published: November 2020

Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Siberian spruce (P. obovata) are among the most important forest-forming coniferous species in the boreal part of Eurasia. Despite numerous publications on the taxonomy of Norway spruce and closely related taxa (P. obovata Ledeb. and P. fennica (Regel) Kom.), the problem of their identification, as well as clarification of their taxonomic status, has not been solved so far. Species delimitation is particularly challenging when P. abies, P. obovata and P. fennica occur in sympatry. Our study aims to assess taxonomic value of proposed earlier and search for stable diagnostic characters of cones and their scales to distinguish Picea abies and its sympatric in the North-West of Russia P. fennica and P. obovata. In addition, we analyzed and updated information on geographical distribution and phytocenotic characteristics of the above-mentioned species in the North-West of the European part of Russia. We examined herbarium specimens and cones sampled from 88 trees from 22 Picea stands located throughout the study region. Each tree was represented on average by 5 cones, in total 415 cones were analyzed. Morphometric analyses included 16 morphological characters of cones and their scales selected based on our own observations and published data. Multivariate comparison had shown a large overlap between P. obovata and P. fennica, while individuals of P. abies formed a separate and less overlapping cluster. Among the six qualitative (discrete) characters, shape of seed scale and shape of its upper margin have non-overlapping frequency distributions and can separate P. abies and P. obovata. Several new diagnostic characters are proposed: morphology and size of bract scales and ratio of the size of seed scales and bract scales. Phytocenotic analysis showed that different spruce taxa occupy specific habitats, which in their turn connected with the latitudinal gradient: in normally drained habitats, Picea obovata is found mainly in poor shrubby-green-mossy forests, which are typical of the northern and middle parts of the Northern taiga; Picea abies – in richer green-mossy habitats (Vaccinioso-hylocomiosum, Oxalidoso-hylocomiosum, Hylocomiosum), which begin to occur already from the middle part of the Northern taiga. Picea fennica occupies both habitats.
Até que ponto vale a pena tentar salvar o próprio negócio? O dilema ético de um contador
Authors: Paes Aurea Lopes da Silva , Correa Thiago Dias , Kurtz Renata Georgia Motta , Tractenberg Leonel , Gouveia Tania Maria de Oliveira Almeida
Published: November 2020

O caso relata a situação vivida por um contador, dono de um pequeno escritório, e de seu filho, também contador, prestes a suceder o pai na direção do estabelecimento. O dilema ético acontece quando, a partir de uma grave crise financeira no estado do Rio de Janeiro, pai e filho enfrentam a perda de clientes e a consequente diminuição do faturamento, gerando o seguinte impasse: fechar o escritório, demitindo todos os dedicados funcionários, inclusive alguns mais velhos, que dependem totalmente do emprego para sobreviver; ou aceitar um cliente com padrões éticos questionáveis, mas que sustentaria a empresa.
Leite é tudo igual? Estratégias de uma cooperativa na busca por vantagem competitiva
Authors: Braga Guilherme André , Barreto Lucas Silva , Soares Danilo Moreira , Freitas Vérica , De Paula Veronica Angélica Freitas
Published: November 2020

Este caso contempla o contexto de uma cooperativa do interior de Minas Gerais que optou por investir em estratégias de diferenciação no seu portfólio a fim de alcançar real vantagem competitiva no mercado lácteo, que, assim como o de commodities, de modo geral, é nivelado principalmente pelo preço. A organização em estudo conseguiu alcançar destaque inicialmente por meio da reestruturação de seus processos internos, do relacionamento com os consumidores e pela readequação de sua embalagem. O objetivo deste caso para ensino é discutir sobre estratégias de diferenciação e como o posicionamento pode se tornar uma fonte sustentável de vantagem competitiva.
Συμβουλευτική υποστήριξη εκπαιδευτικών για την ενίσχυση της ψυχικής ανθεκτικότητας και τη διαχείριση προβληματικών συμπεριφορών στο σχολείο: Δεδομένα από ένα πρόγραμμα παρέμβασης
Authors: Κουρκούτας Ηλίας , Μακρή-Μπότσαρη Ευανθία , Hart Angie , Kassis Wassilis , Σταύρου Πήλιος
Published: November 2020

Teachers face many challenges in a wide range of areas, mainly related to student behavioral problems, dealing with parents’ demands/expectations, educational/ teaching practices, as well as personal/professional development opportunities. International research indicates the high rates of young teachers’ drop-out. Stress/burnout, lack of adequate training, and support are the most common reasons why young teachers quit the profession. This paper will present findings from a counseling teacher program based on the theory/model of Resilience, Communities of Practice (CoP), and psychodynamic-systemic perspective, insofar as the teaching process involves a strong emotional/ relational component. The program was implemented over a two- year period in two groups of teachers of all grades. The program aimed to enhance teachers’ understanding of the psychology of “problematic” students (professional knowledge), teachers’ psychosocial skills (personal development/ resilience), and the development of techniques and methods (professional gain) through collective processes for the management of critical situations. The evaluation of the intervention was based on pre- and postintervention measures, using the Teacher Resilience Scale (individual motivation, ability to associate with colleagues), the Burn-out Scale, and an open-ended questionnaire. The data show a positive impact of the program on all teachers, as well as significant personal gains (resilience).
Πολιτικές του Σώματος, Διαδίκτυο και Ψυχοθεραπεία
Authors: Καραγεωργίου Ελένη , Θεοφανέλλης Τιμολέων
Published: November 2020

Internet diffusion in everyday life has brought dramatic changes in a person’s relation to his/her body. These changes need to be considered and maybe tacked as intervention points in Psychotherapy. In the present paper, in particular, three issues concerning non explicit politics of body management in internet are critically examined. These are a) the objectification of the body due to the prevalence of the image in the social media b) the impact internet porn has on interpersonal relationships and the sexual behavior and c) the escape to the internet world through the adoption of various virtual personas, vis a vis- their avatars. For the purposes of the present paper some clinical cases are also illustrated. The highlighting of this subject can be very useful in psychotherapeutic practice, since the body and the politics related to it are not traditionally the main focus of attention in psychotherapy. In addition, clients are nowadays frequently discussing problems related to their presence and life, as a whole, on the internet.
Διερεύνηση των σχέσεων της γονικότητας με την εκδήλωση τελειοθηρίας σε φοιτητικό πληθυσμό
Authors: Czepiel Diana , Τάνταρος Σπυρίδων
Published: November 2020

Previous research suggests that the origins of perfectionism lie in parental factors. The present study examined how parenting style and family perfectionism is associated with the manifestation of perfectionism in a sample of 855 Greek university students, using the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), the Family Almost Perfect Scale (FAPS) and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). The subscales of APS-R and FAPS are combined to provide three types of personal and family perfectionism respectively (adaptive, maladaptive, absence of perfectionism), whereas PAQ distinguishes three parenting styles (authoritarian, permissive, authoritative). The authoritative parenting style was positively associated with adaptive perfectionism in both genders and negatively associated with maladaptive perfectionism among women, the authoritarian parenting style was positively associated with maladaptive perfectionism among men, whereas the permissive parenting style was positively associated with maladaptive perfectionism among women and the absence of perfectionism among men. Moreover, the type of personal perfectionism was associated to the respective type of family perfectionism.
Γλωσσική Προσαρμογή και Ψυχομετρικά Χαρακτηριστικά της Κλίμακας University Student Depression Inventory (USDI)
Authors: Κουτσουμπής Αντώνης , Καριπίδου Ευγενία , Μπουρελάκη Σοφία , Τσαρτσίδου Αγγελική , Τσαούσης Ιωάννης
Published: November 2020

The present study provides an adaptation of the University Student Depression Inventory (USDI) in Greek language, and assesses its psychometric properties. After its translation and conceptual adaptation, the Greek version of the USDI was administered to 248 students of the University of Crete. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to evaluate its factorial design, comparing four different factorial models: the one factor model, the three factors model, the hierarchical model, and the bifactor model. Statistical analyses showed that the bifactor model had the best adaptation in Greek population, after the removal of an item (item seven). To assess the validity of the scale, four additional measures of related constructs (i.e., personality, well-being, depression, and anxiety) were administered. Those measures were used to establish the concurrent, convergent and divergent validity. Omega index was used to test the internal consistency of the scale. Overall, results showed that the Greek version of the USDI is a valid and reliable tool for measuring depression in Greek students.
ΨΥΧΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΤΕΥΧΟΣ 23(1) – ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 2019 Περιεχόμενα
Authors: Ελληνική Ψυχολογική Εταιρεία ΕΛΨΕ
Published: November 2020

SPECIAL SECTION «EMOTIONS: THEORY,RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS»Guest editor: Antonia Papastylianou
Συναίσθημα και διαπροσωπικές σχέσεις: Μια γόνιμη διαλεκτική
Authors: Καφέτσιος Κωνσταντίνος
Published: November 2020

Emotion and relationships are involved in an intricate dialectic. Relational contexts can influence the perception, experience and communication of strong emotion, and conversely, emotion and affective processes within close relationships can influence the quality of the relationship between two persons. The present paper discusses central approaches to emotion in interpersonal relationships from a socio-cognitive, relational and behavioral perspective. Through a critical evaluation of those approaches the importance of focusing on emotional and affective processes in interpersonal interaction is underlined. These processes are suggestive of the interdependent nature of interpersonal interaction in relationships. Research and theory on emotion and affect in interpersonal interaction can provide the basis of a multilevel model that can explain how intrapersonal and relationally situated processes (including factors outside the relationship) can influence emotion in highly interdependent contexts, and conversely, how emotional and affective processes in interpersonal interaction can determine relational schemas.
Η ψυχομετρική αξιολόγηση μίας κλίμακας για την εκτίμηση της διαταραχής από τη συμμετοχή σε τυχερά παίγνια
Authors: Βάσιος Αναστάσιος Λ. , Ρούσσος Πέτρος Λ.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was the adaptation and reliability control of the, paraphrased instrument, Greek version of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder, in order to be a tool in clinical and epidemiological studies conducted in Greece. The questionnaire includes nine (9) questions. The respondent selects an answer, either yes or no, and the score is calculated by summing up the individual scores of the questions. The overall result (score) theoretically ranges from zero to nine (0-9) and the criteria are of equal weight. Occurrence of the criteria will relate to the period of the last twelve months. Randomly selected samples were used in this study: a) the general population b) online gamblers, and c) Gambler’s Anonymous. Patients and people in the general population, completed the survey questionnaire [this questionnaire included demographic characteristics and the Greek version of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder]. The psychometric tests applied included a) consistency of the questionnaire (coefficient Cronbach’s alpha 0.877 for group Α, for group B 0.866, for group C 0.946 and omega 0,89, 95% CI [0,85, 0,91] for group Α, 0,88, 95% CI [0,85, 0,90] for group Β, 0,96, 95% CI [0,96, 0,98] for group C . a) The total for all samples is 0.914 and 0,92, respectively, b) the Factor analysis of the scale’s structure highlighted one component and c) according the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) the factors loadings were all significant (p < .001), ranging from .623 to .855. The scale confirmed good psychometric properties for the Greek population. Ιn conclusion, the Greek version of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder provide us with valuable insights.
Communication Development Report [CDR]: A parent report instrument for the early screening of communication and language development in Greek-speaking infants and toddlers
Authors: Καρούσου Αλεξάνδρα , Πετρογιάννης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to explore the main psychometric properties of the CDR, a new parent report instrument for the early screening of communication and language development of Greek-speaking children. Based on a representative sample of 1391 children aged 7 to 30 months (M= 19.45, SD= 6.91), results are presented on the sensitivity, internalconsistency, and convergent and divergent validity of its two major scales (‘Preverbal behaviors’ and ‘Verbal behaviors’) and their respective subscales (vocal and non-vocal preverbal communication, language comprehension, productive vocabulary, morphology and syntax). Results also illustrate the developmental patterns of the dimensions of communicative/linguistic development assessed, as well as the high and significant correlations among these dimensions of (pre)linguistic knowledge. Overall, results provide evidence on the functionality, validity and reliability of the CDR, and point to its use as a tool for the early screening of communication development in Greek-speaking children for clinical, educational and research purposes.
Introduction: Political Psychology in an ‘Anti’-politics Era
Authors: Figgou Lia , Chryssochoou Xenia
Published: November 2020

Political psychology constitutes a problem-oriented and interdisciplinary field (Staerkle, 2015). In fact, being born in the decades between the First and Second World Wars, it is intrinsically characterized by the concern to study and cope with social and political crises and their implications (Nesbitt-Larking & Kinnvall, 2012). Its theoretical tools and concepts were developed in order to cast light on phenomena such as mass psychology and collective action, racism, the rise of fascism and authoritarianism. The role of psychology in the study of these phenomena was, as Moscovici (1988) argued, not only necessary but also functional.
Νευρωτισμός και Ψυχική Ανθεκτικότητα: Ο διαμεσολαβητικός ρόλος της Συναισθηματικής Νοημοσύνης
Authors: Ηλιόπουλος Παναγιώτης
Published: November 2020

Psychological resilience refers to the capacity of individuals to cope with and successfully manage adversities. Given the links between Neuroticism as a personality dimension, Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Resilience, the present study examined the mediating role of EI in the relationship between Neuroticism and Resilience. The sampleconsisted mostly of undergraduate students (mean age = 20,55). The Big Five Inventory (BFI) (Benet- Martinez, 1998), the Greek Scale of Emotional Intelligence (GEIS) (Tsaousis, 2008) and the Resilience Scale(RS) (Wagnlid & Young, 1993) were administered to the participants (n = 123). Correlation analyses showed a significant negative correlation between Neuroticism and Resilience, as well as between Neuroticism and EI. Conversely, EI correlated positively with Resilience. As shown by the mediation analysis, ΕΙ constitutes a significant mediational factor in the relationship between Neuroticism and Resilience, suggesting that theaforementioned link is mainly due to the mediating effect of EI. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the crucial mediational role of emotion-related processes in the effect of personality on psychosocial adjustment, expanding pre-existing findings. However, further research is needed by using alternative methods and considering additional mediators and moderators.
Creating and sustaining collaborative multi-institutional industry site visit programs: a toolkit
Authors: Collins Tammy R.L. , Hoff Kiri , Starback Molly , Brandt Patrick D. , Holmquist Christopher E. , Layton Rebekah L.
Published: November 2020

Background: As more early career scientists enter into diverse career pathways, visiting local companies or organizations can support their exploration of these paths. As an efficient way to facilitate this, we developed a collaborative regional site visit program: the Enhancing Local Industry Transitions through Exploration (ELITE) Consortium.  Consortium members arrange half-day visits to local industry sites, thus providing companies and trainees the opportunity to meet and identify potential professional and career opportunities. Three different training institutions worked cooperatively in the development and maintenance of the program. The ELITE Consortium was developed with eight phased steps; guidelines and operating procedures were created for each of these steps and are provided along with sample materials for institutions interested in building similar programs.

Methods: Prior to fully developing the program, trainee interests were evaluated via questionnaire. During program implementation and thereafter, program directors tracked attendance and collected career outcome data from publicly available sources to identify first job positions after training. Regression analyses and chi-squared analyses were used to examine site visit matches and career outcome data.

Results: Analyses suggest a positive impact of site visits on postdoctoral and graduate trainees’ career outcomes at companies or institutions that match a similar sector (e.g., for-profit) and type (e.g., biotech, pharmaceutical, contract research organization). Despite a small sample size, evidence suggests an especially positive impact on trainees who organize site visits to companies compared with those who simply participate.

Conclusions: The ELITE Consortium was successful in helping trainees explore and identify a multitude of career paths. Trainees attained employment either directly or in related companies and institutions visited by ELITE participants. The joint, three-institution, flexible nature of the ELITE Consortium positively impacts the program’s sustainability and reach. The toolkit provided here will help other institutions to replicate and adapt the program with minimal effort.
A tool for assessing the climate change mitigation and health impacts of environmental policies: the Cities Rapid Assessment Framework for Transformation (CRAFT)
Authors: Symonds Phil , Milner James , Mohajeri Nahid , Aplin Juliette , Hale Joanna , J Lloyd Simon , Fremont Henry , Younkin Sam , Shrubsole Clive , Robertson Lawrie , Taylor Jonathon , Zimmermann Nici , Wilkinson Paul , Davies Mike
Published: November 2020

Background: A growing number of cities, including Greater London, have set ambitious targets, including detailed policies and implementation plans, to reach global goals on sustainability, health, and climate change. Here we present a tool for a rapid assessment of the magnitude of impact of specific policy initiatives to reach these targets. The decision-support tool simultaneously quantifies the environmental and health impacts of specified selected policies.

Methods: The ‘Cities Rapid Assessment Framework for Transformation (CRAFT)’ tool was applied to Greater London. CRAFT quantifies the effects of ten environmental policies on changes in (1) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, (2) exposures to environmental hazards, (3) travel-related physical activity, and (4) mortality (the number of attributable deaths avoided in one typical year). Publicly available data and epidemiological evidence were used to make rapid quantitative estimates of these effects based on proportional reductions in GHG emissions and environmental exposures from current baseline levels and to compute the mortality impacts.

Results: The CRAFT tool estimates that, of roughly 50,000 annual deaths in Greater London, the modelled hazards (PM2.5 (from indoor and outdoor sources), outdoor NO2, indoor radon, cold, overheating) and low travel-related physical activity are responsible for approximately 10,000 premature environment-related deaths. Implementing the selected polices could reduce the annual mortality number by about 20% (~1,900 deaths) by 2050. The majority of these deaths (1,700) may be avoided through increased uptake in active travel. Thus, out of ten environmental policies, the ‘active travel’ policy provides the greatest health benefit. Also, implementing the ten policies results in a GHG reduction of around 90%.

Conclusions: The CRAFT tool quantifies the effects of city policies on reducing GHG emissions, decreasing environmental health hazards, and improving public health. The tool has potential value for policy makers through providing quantitative estimates of health impacts to support and prioritise policy options.
Logical Nihilism and the Logic of ‘prem’
Authors: Fjellstad Andreas
Published: November 2020

As the final component of a chain of reasoning intended to take us all the way to logical nihilism, Russell (2018) presents the atomic sentence ‘prem’ which is supposed to be true when featuring as premise in an argument and false when featuring as conclusion in an argument. Such a sentence requires a non-reflexive logic and an endnote by Russell (2018) could easily leave the reader with the impression that going non-reflexive suffices for logical nihilism. This paper shows how one can obtain non-reflexive logics in which ‘prem’ behaves as stipulated by Russell (2018) but which nonetheless has valid inferences supporting uniform substitution of any formula for propositional variables such as modus tollens and modus ponens.
Considering the switch to a latex-free glove policy to safeguard staff and patients
Authors: Jeffery Steven
Published: November 2020

While it is difficult to imagine that before the late 1800s, surgeons in the theatre environment operated on patients without gloves, gloves are now a clinical necessity. Their use has risen exponentially over the last 30 years, along with concerns over staff and patient allergy and sensitivity to the natural rubber latex proteins used in their manufacture. Having used latex gloves for the better part of 35 years, the author recently evaluated a latex-free alternative. In this article, which presents a rationale for the introduction of a latex-free glove policy across NHS departments and trusts, particularly in theatre settings, the author presents his experience, together with cases from four other surgeons, as well as evidence from the literature regarding potential clinical outcomes, quality of life and cost-effectiveness associated with latex-free gloves.
Becoming fall-safe: a framework for reducing inpatient falls
Authors: Renshaw Mark , Tucker Paula , Norman Karen
Published: November 2020

This article describes a 10-year programme of work that has reduced inpatient falls rate by 46% and how this improvement has been sustained. The methodology applied in this initiative has forced one Trust to challenge expectations about the inevitability of patient falls in hospital. This initiative has resulted in approximately 568 fewer falls each year. Based on costings from NHS Improvement, the estimated 5108 fewer falls between 2011 and 2019 have saved the Trust £13.3 million.
Patient expectations of pressure ulcer prevention in the NHS, healthcare demands and national policy: a critical commentary
Authors: Wynn Matthew
Published: November 2020

Preventive care was recently identified as a Government priority, which is likely to affect pressure ulcer (PU) preventive care in the NHS. Contemporary economic analyses of PU prevention interventions are undermined by factors including methodological challenges and poor inter-rater reliability of PU risk assessment tools. Healthcare demands on the NHS created by PU prevention remain unclear, although the burden is high, with litigation costs rising continuously. The poorly understood economics of PU prevention may create variation in practice. Patient expectations of PU prevention may be influenced by mainstream media, national awareness campaigns and the varied information and advice offered by professionals. Patient expectations and low levels of functional health literacy may create confusion and unrealistic expectations. This article critically examines the impact of recent changes in Government priorities related to PU prevention, considering the effects of healthcare demand, economics and patient expectations.
Synthesis, Characterization, Theoretical and Electrochemical Studies of Pyrazoline Derivatives
Authors: Ben Soumane Yahya , Baouid Abdesselam , El Hadrami El Mestafa , Idouhli Rachid , El Ammari Lahcen , Ben Tama Abdeslam , Maatallah Mohamed , Berraho Moha , Saadi Mohamed
Published: November 2020

The reaction of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of trans-anethole and three different diarylnitrilimines bearing different substituents X= {H, CH3, Cl} yield to the creation of three 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrazoles. These reactions produce a single regioisomer. These compounds' structures were studied using diverse spectroscopic techniques such as 1H, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Afterwards, X-ray diffraction is performed at 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1,3-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole. Also, Density Functional Theory (DFT) is performed to characterize these cycloadducts.

Moreover, these synthesized compounds' molecular geometry and electronic structures have been studied using high-level ab initio calculations and DFT using the B3LYP functional. All geometries have been optimized at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) basis set with different kinds of solvents. In the end, the protection against corrosion of copper surface is tested using these pyrazolines. As a result, the experimental analysis proved that the obtained cycloadducts belong to the pyrazoline family. Also, X-ray diffraction determined the stereochemistry of these compounds. DFT-based calculations revealed the existence of three stable conformations of each compound. The theoretical study and the experimental spectroscopic data showed perfect matching. The electrochemical investigation indicates that these pyrazoline compounds exhibit a good inhibition performance, preventing the degradation of copper in NaCl (3%) solution with a high inhibition efficiency of 80%.
Dynamic coherent diffractive imaging using unsupervised identification of spatiotemporal constraints
Authors: Hinsley Gerard N. , Kewish Cameron M. , van Riessen Grant A.
Published: November 2020

Dynamic coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) reveals the fine details of structural, chemical, and biological processes occurring at the nanoscale but imposes strict constraints on the object distribution and illumination. Ptychographic CDI relaxes these constraints by exploiting redundant information in data obtained from overlapping regions of an object, but its time resolution is inherently limited. We have extended ptychographic redundancy into the spatiotemporal domain in dynamic CDI, automatically identifying redundant information in time-series coherent diffraction data obtained from dynamic systems. Simulated synchrotron experiments show that high spatiotemporal resolution is achieved without a priori knowledge of the object or its dynamics.
Theoretical investigation of compact high-resolution interleaved arrayed waveguide gratings with multi-layer structures
Authors: Zhu Xiaotao , Hong Wei , Bai Ningfeng , Sun Xiaohan
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a compact high-resolution two-stage interleaved arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) system with a 3D structure on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform is proposed. The device is comprised of a 7-channel primary AWG with a 0.4-nm resolution and seven 26-channel second-stage AWGs, each with a 2.8-nm resolution. Different arrayed waveguide widths are utilized to achieve the wavelength tuning of the second-stage AWGs. The AWGs have a greater fabrication tolerance than conventional AWGs. A taper-MMI input structure is utilized to make the -3 dB pass-band reach 0.4 nm, which is 100% of the channel spacing. Also, the horizontal slot arrayed waveguides are individually introduced into the AWG to reduce the inter-layer crossing and bending losses, which is also found to greatly reduce the footprint of the device. The proposed AWGs have an average crosstalk of about -24 dB in the 2-µm band, demonstrating the feasibility of the on-chip 3D optoelectronic integration design.
A quantitative CT parameter for the assessment of pulmonary oedema in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Leiser Patrick , Kirschning Thomas , Weiß Christel , Hagmann Michael , Schoettler Jochen , Centner Franz-Simon , Haubenreisser Holger , Riffel Philipp , Janssen Sonja , Henzler Claudia , Henzler Thomas , Schoenberg Stefan , Overhoff Daniel
Published: November 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to establish quantitative CT (qCT) parameters for pathophysiological understanding and clinical use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The most promising parameter is introduced.

Materials and methods

28 intubated patients with ARDS obtained a conventional CT scan in end-expiratory breathhold within the first 48 hours after admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Following manual segmentation, 137 volume- and lung weight-associated qCT parameters were correlated with 71 clinical parameters such as blood gases, applied ventilation pressures, pulse contour cardiac output measurements and established status and prognosis scores (SOFA, SAPS II).

Results

Of all examined qCT parameters, excess lung weight (ELW), i.e. the difference between a patient’s current lung weight and the virtual lung weight of a healthy person at the same height, displayed the most significant results.

ELW correlated significantly with the amount of inflated lung tissue [%] (p<0.0001; r = -0.66) and was closely associated with the amount of extravascular lung water (EVLW) (p<0.0001; r = 0.72). More substantially than the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) or any other clinical parameter it correlated with the patients’ mean SOFA- (p<0.0001, r = 0.69) and SAPS II-Score (p = 0.0005, r = 0.62). Patients who did not survive intensive care treatment displayed higher values of ELW in the initial CT scans.

Conclusions

ELW could serve as a non-invasive method to quantify the amount of pulmonary oedema. It might serve as an early radiological marker of severity in patients with ARDS.
Relationship of taxonomic error to frequency of observation
Authors: Stribling James B. , Leppo Erik W.
Published: November 2020

Biological nomenclature is the entry point to a wealth of information related to or associated with living entities. When applied accurately and consistently, communication between and among researchers and investigators is enhanced, leading to advancements in understanding and progress in research programs. Based on freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate taxonomic identifications, inter-laboratory comparisons of >900 samples taken from rivers, streams, and lakes across the U.S., including the Great Lakes, provided data on taxon-specific error rates. Using the error rates in combination with frequency of observation (FREQ; as a surrogate for rarity), six uncertainty/frequency classes (UFC) are proposed for approximately 1,000 taxa. The UFC, error rates, FREQ each are potentially useful for additional analyses related to interpreting biological assessment results and/or stressor response relationships, as weighting factors for various aspects of ecological condition or biodiversity analyses and helping set direction for taxonomic research and refining identification tools.
Blood group typing from whole-genome sequencing data
Authors: Paganini Julien , Nagy Peter L. , Rouse Nicholas , Gouret Philippe , Chiaroni Jacques , Picard Chistophe , Di Cristofaro Julie
Published: November 2020

Many questions can be explored thanks to whole-genome data. The aim of this study was to overcome their main limits, software availability and database accuracy, and estimate the feasibility of red blood cell (RBC) antigen typing from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. We analyzed whole-genome data from 79 individuals for HLA-DRB1 and 9 RBC antigens. Whole-genome sequencing data was analyzed with software allowing phasing of variable positions to define alleles or haplotypes and validated for HLA typing from next-generation sequencing data. A dedicated database was set up with 1648 variable positions analyzed in KEL (KEL), ACKR1 (FY), SLC14A1 (JK), ACHE (YT), ART4 (DO), AQP1 (CO), CD44 (IN), SLC4A1 (DI) and ICAM4 (LW). Whole-genome sequencing typing was compared to that previously obtained by amplicon-based monoallelic sequencing and by SNaPshot analysis. Whole-genome sequencing data were also explored for other alleles. Our results showed 93% of concordance for blood group polymorphisms and 91% for HLA-DRB1. Incorrect typing and unresolved results confirm that WGS should be considered reliable with read depths strictly above 15x. Our results supported that RBC antigen typing from WGS is feasible but requires improvements in read depth for SNV polymorphisms typing accuracy. We also showed the potential for WGS in screening donors with rare blood antigens, such as weak JK alleles. The development of WGS analysis in immunogenetics laboratories would offer personalized care in the management of RBC disorders.
Spatial variability of low frequency brain signal differentiates brain states
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Ao Yujia , Yang Qi , Liu Yang , Ouyang Yujie , Jing Xiujuan , Pang Yajing , Cui Qian , Chen Huafu
Published: November 2020

Temporal variability of the neural signal has been demonstrated to be closely related to healthy brain function. Meanwhile, the evolving brain functions are supported by dynamic relationships among brain regions. We hypothesized that the spatial variability of brain signal might provide important information about brain function. Here we used the spatial sample entropy (SSE) to investigate the spatial variability of neuroimaging signal during a steady-state presented face detection task. Lower SSE was found during task state than during resting state, associating with more repetitive functional interactions between brain regions. The standard deviation (SD) of SSE during the task was negatively related to the SD of reaction time, suggesting that the spatial pattern of neural activity is reorganized according to particular cognitive function and supporting the previous theory that greater variability is associated with better task performance. These results were replicated with reordered data, implying the reliability of SSE in measuring the spatial organization of neural activity. Overall, the present study extends the research scope of brain signal variability from the temporal dimension to the spatial dimension, improving our understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of brain activities and the theory of brain signal variability.
La variación en las paremias del español de España y de México
Authors: Sevilla Muñoz Julia
Published: November 2020

Se ha investigado bastante sobre la estabilidad formal de las paremias como rasgo distintivo, pero bastante poco sobre su posible variación. Por eso, el presente trabajo se interesa por la variación diatópica mediante el estudio de las paremias pertenecientes a un gran espacio lingüístico: la hispanofonía, y en particular las paremias en español de España y de México. Para llevar a cabo dicho estudio, nos basaremos principalmente en las teorías geoparemiológicas de Temistocle Franceschi, en la labor paremiográfica y paremiológica realizada por pioneros y grupos de investigación españoles, además de las obras de Herón Pérez Martínez sobre el refranero mexicano. El análisis de las paremias seleccionadas permitirá descubrir las semejanzas y diferencias existentes entre ellas, así como los referentes culturales idiosincrásicos. Los resultados obtenidos serán de utilidad para proponer aplicaciones de la variación paremiológica en la enseñanza de lenguas, la traducción y el tratamiento de las lenguas.
Variación diatópica y análisis de corpus: algunos casos en la fraseología del español
Authors: López Meirama Belén
Published: November 2020

Este artículo pretende mostrar cómo pueden contribuir los estudios empíricos basados en corpus en el desarrollo de la fraseología diatópica, trascendiendo los tradicionales enfoques que limitan la variabilidad a la existencia de formas específicas en las diferentes sintopías. Para ello, se analiza la estructura polisémica de dos locuciones, por momentos y a conciencia, y se pone de manifiesto que el factor de la frecuencia de uso de los diferentes sentidos revela importantes disimilitudes entre las variedades geográficas que incluso pueden propiciar el desarrollo de diferencias diatópicas en tal estructura. Asimismo, se revisan algunas construcciones fraseológicas, como [a + Splural/acción violenta] (a tiros), estructuras comparativas convencionalizadas de valor elativo (como un tiro) o la construcción con verbo soporte [dar(se) de + Splural] (darse de trompadas), en las que, de nuevo, los parámetros de frecuencia y uso en los corpus, en este caso de las diferentes instancias, evidencian variaciones diatópicas interesantes.
Percepção de usuários de praias em relação ao lixo marinho como uma ferramenta para ações efetivas contra essa problemática
Authors: Bom Fabio Cavalca , Neves Rafael Carvalho , Fraga Nairana Santos , Fernandes Joelson Musiello , Zappes Camilah Antunes , Sá Fabian
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to identify the perception of beach users about the problem of marine litter, and to characterize them from the socioeconomic point of view. To this, 43 open questionnaires were conducted with users from Curva da Jurema and Ilha do Boi beaches, in Vitória, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. From the socioeconomic point of view, our results showed that there were no significant differences between the users of the two beaches. With respect to marine litter, the interviewees showed a high level of knowledge about this issue, knowing what the proper disposal of the litter they produce should be and what damage it can cause to the environment and also to humans. It is noteworthy that respondents blame other beach users for the accumulated litter, suggesting that the lack of education and awareness of other people is the main factor for beach garbage. Thus, we conclude that users of both beaches perceive the problem of marine litter, but do not identify their actions as part of the problem. Thus, constant measures are required in public-private partnerships focused on education on the subject, in addition to the installation of various points of garbage collection and monitoring their effectiveness. As a final product, actions were suggested with the different actors involved in the problem, in order to minimize the effects of this pollution.
A lumbális gerinc lokális stabilizátorainak vizsgálata és kezelése nem specifikus derékfájdalom esetén
Authors: Kasza Blanka Bernadett , Domján, Dr. Andrea
Published: November 2020

Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A nem specifikus derékfájdalom hátterében a gerinc lokális stabilizáló izomzatának – mint a Musculus transversus abdominis (TrA) és a multifidi (MF) – funkciózavara áll. Vizsgálatunkban felmértük a lokális stabilizátorok szelektív feszítési képességét és fejleszthetőségét derékfájdalommal küzdő betegek körében.

Módszerek: Tíz önkéntest vizsgáltunk (7 nő, 3 férfi, átlagéletkor: 25,1 ± 1év). A deréktáji panaszokat az Oswestry-kérdőívvel, Roland–Morris-indexszel, és Quebec Back Pain Disability kérdőívvel, illetve Visual Analóg Skálával mértük fel. A szelektív feszítés vizsgálata és tanítása során felületes EMG-vel és ultrahanggal kontrolláltuk a TrA és az MF működését. Vizsgáltuk a testtömegközéppont kitérését, amelyet NeuroCom Basic Balance Masterrel rögzítettünk, a tréningprogram előtt és után.

Eredmények: Alanyaink a derékfájdalomra vonatkozó kérdőív eredményei alapján a közepes károsodás kategóriájába tartoztak, a tréningprogramot megelőzően nem voltak képesek a TrA és az MF szelektív megfeszítésére. A kontrollált feszítés elsajátítása és gyakorlása után képesek voltak a lokális stabilizátorokat szelektíven megfeszíteni, a statikus egyensúlyi paramétereik javultak, fájdalmuk csökkent.

Következtetés: Kutatásunk eredményei alátámasztották, hogy a TrA és az MF szelektív feszítése egy jól elsajátítható módszer, továbbá, hogy a szelektív feszítésük tanítása és gyakorlása – a többi lokális stabilizáló izom funkciójának helyreállítása mellett – a nem specifikus derékfájdalmak terápiájának alapját képezi.
Az ápolási dokumentáció hatékony alkalmazásának aspektusai
Authors: Oláh Mónika
Published: November 2020

Bevezetés

Az ápolási dokumentáció vezetése az egyik legfontosabb önálló ápolói kompetencia, hiszen a dokumentáció egy olyan információforrás, ami visszajelzést ad az ápolók munkájáról és annak minőségéről is. Egy strukturálisan és tartalmát tekintve jól összeállított ápolási dokumentáció illeszkedik a dokumentációt alkalmazó területek specifikumaihoz, ápolási gyakorlatához, ami nélkülözhetetlen a személyre szabott és biztonságos betegellátás megvalósulásához.

Célkitűzés

Jelen közlemény célja az ápolási dokumentáció hatékony alkalmazását befolyásoló tényezők ismertetése.

Módszer

Szakirodalmi áttekintés során ismertetésre kerülnek az ápolási dokumentációval kapcsolatos irányelvek és útmutatások, továbbá azon hibák, amelyek a dokumentáció vezetése során leggyakrabban előfordulnak.

Következtetés

Hazai vonatkozásban az ápolási dokumentáció kutatása -jelentősége ellenére- nem kap kellő prioritást. Az ápolóképzésben és az ápolási gyakorlatban végbemenő változások szükségessé teszik az ápolási dokumentáció korszerűsítését is.
REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA URBANA: E A LEGALIZAÇÃO DOS LOTEAMENTOS URBANOS
Authors: Motta Débora
Published: November 2020

O objetivo geral do presente artigo é compreender o instituto da Regularização Fundiária, sua importância no cotidiano e a repercussão sobre os direitos fundamentais constitucionais, a fim de abordar a Regularização Fundiária Urbana decorrente dos loteamentos irregulares e clandestinos, de acordo com a Lei n. 13.465/2017 (Lei de Regularização Fundiária Rural e Urbana); a Resolução n. 8/2014, do Estado de Santa Catarina; e a Lei Complementar n. 337/2016, do Município de Herval d’Oeste. Frisa-se que o desrespeito às leis federais, estaduais e municipais fez com que os adquirentes passassem a construir e residir em suas habitações nas suas propriedades, porém, em razão da irregularidade da criação dos loteamentos e desmembramentos, não podem registrá-las devidamente em seus respectivos nomes. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada pelo método dedutivo, baseada na fundamentação doutrinária, aplicação da legislação especial sobre a Regularização Fundiária federal, estadual e municipal, artigos científicos e entendimentos jurisprudenciais. Assim, pretende-se demonstrar a possibilidade de transformar as propriedades consideradas “informais” ou “clandestinas” em loteamentos legítimos, segundo a legislação vigente e de acordo com a aplicação dos direitos fundamentais da propriedade, da moradia e da dignidade da pessoa humana.
Does Size Really Matter?
Authors: Coelho-Prabhu Nayantara , Kane Sunanda
Published: November 2020

Ileocolonoscopy remains the mainstay of objective disease assessment in Crohn's Disease, and various validated indices are used to grade severity of the disease. The most commonly used indices are the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (including the size of ulcers) and the Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (including the depth of ulcers). These measurements are highly subjective, especially the depth of an ulcer, and are based solely on the discretion of the endoscopist coupled with the imaging capabilities of the colonoscope and adequacy of the bowel prep. Narula et al. undertook a post hoc analysis of baseline predictors of endoscopic remission (ER) at week 26 in a subset (172 of 508) of moderate-severe Crohn's disease patients participating in the SONIC trial. The authors found no significant differences in the odds of achieving ER when comparing overall or segmental severe inflammation (high Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease [>16 overall or >3 per segment] or Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity [>12 overall or >3 per segment] scores) with moderate inflammation. The number of affected segments involved also did not impact the likelihood of achieving week 26 ER. The authors then found a potentially synergistic effect with large and deep ulcers in the ileum and rectum. The optimal time to assess whether ulcers ultimately heal or not is unknown, but waiting longer than 26 weeks may negate any lead time bias regarding ulcer size. Therefore, similar to many areas of life, it is likely that size ultimately does not matter, but instead location, location, and location.
Enlarged paintings: a proposal for classification
Authors: Bonilla Ana Isabel López , García José Manuel Barros , Rey Susana Martín
Published: November 2020

The concept of enlarged painting refers to the technique of extending the support of an easel painting as well as its compositional space, to simulate a continuity with the original painting. Enlargements of support are considered historical additions with a huge documentary weight, so making decisions about their conservation entails great responsibility. Furthermore, additions can be key for a painting to fulfil its function within a certain social assemblage or network, so to promote correct decision making, it is vital to know the reasons why a painting was enlarged. The aim of this research has been to develop a classification of enlarged paintings, according to the purpose of the enlargement. The classification includes the following categories: updating pictures, adaptation to a new space and/or a new frame, completing mutilated paintings, changes in iconography, enlargement in order to create independent works, and grouping paintings together.
Meteorites as a Scientific Heritage
Authors: Franza Annarita , Pratesi Giovanni
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates the importance of meteorites as a scientific heritage. While the significance of meteorites as natural heritage is relatively easy to establish, the implication of their meaning as scientific heritage may be more difficult to define. With this aim in mind, in this paper, we present the catalogue standards for meteorite specimens, preserved either in natural history museums or in private collections, proposed by the Italian Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione–ICCD (Central Institute for Catalogue and Documentation). This work outlines the structure of the catalogue card that describes the meteorite specimen along with other information related to the sample (e.g., archival documentation on collectors and traders, museum catalogues and inventories, general bibliography). This essay concludes discussing the cataloguing, according to ICCD standards, of two Renazzo meteorite specimens, which fell in the eponymous Italian village in 1824 and are now preserved at the Natural History Museum of the University of Firenze.