bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare-Earth Minerals in Kaolin Ore, Mine Tailings, and Sands – Central Georgia, Upper Coastal Plain
Authors: Boxleiter Anthony , Elliott W. Crawford
Published: June 2023

The total concentrations of rare-earth elements (REE) in the mined kaolin (0.02–0.06 wt.%), kaolin mine tailings (0.03–1.9 wt.%), and the kaolin-associated Marion Member sand lithology (0.03–4.6 wt.%) opened questions regarding the modes of occurrence of the REE and the role(s) of chemical weathering and secondary processes to explain the presence of REE in these materials. The REE were hosted primarily by phosphate minerals (monazite, xenotime) based on mineralogic analyses (scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction). Enrichments in the light rare-earth elements (LREE: La–Gd) and the high correlation coefficient values were noted between P and the total REE concentrations (r2 = 0.99) for the sands and the mine tailings. Lower correlation coefficient values were noted between total REE concentrations and Zr (r2 = 0.31). The coarse fractions of the mined kaolins were enriched in the heavy rare-earth elements (HREE: Y, Tb–Lu) relative to the kaolin-associated sand lithologies. The REE inventory cannot be explained solely by mineral inheritance within the mined kaolins. Lower correlation coefficient values between P and total REE, positive Eu/Eu* anomalies, and the presence of xenotime overgrowths on zircon showed the importance of the role of chemical weathering of the detrital minerals during post-depositional processes (such as diagenesis) leading to redistributed and fractionated REE within the mined kaolin. The possibility of adsorption of the REE to kaolin mineral surfaces in the fine fraction of the mined kaolins remains open and permits further study to characterize fully the multi-modal fractionation of REE possible in the Georgia kaolin deposits.
Pharmacovigilance Agreements: Negotiating Safety Data Exchange Timelines: To Agree to Disagree? That is the Question
Authors: Manko Singer Wendy , Pileggi Elizabeth MacEntee , Gibble Yvonne , Lewis David John
Published: June 2023

Pharmaceutical companies often enter into contractual arrangements with other companies to advance the development or expand patient access of licensed medicines. These partnerships include specific agreements detailing the exchange of safety-related data between the companies. Such agreements are used to fulfil regulatory reporting obligations, thereby ensuring timely awareness of potential safety considerations and formal maintenance of clinical trial applications and marketing authorisations. The authors conducted potentially the first benchmarking survey of contracts covering safety data exchange within the pharmaceutical industry. Data were analysed to establish the most common types of safety data exchanged, and the associated data exchange timelines. These data may provide an opportunity for companies to assess how their own timelines compare with others, and to consider whether there are actions they may take that could potentially improve negotiation and procedural efficiency. Ninety percent of the recipients responded to the survey, providing information from 378 individual contracts which included data from clinical trials and from postmarketing sources. Results showed less variability in the safety data exchange timelines of clinical trial ICSRs compared to the timelines of postmarketing ICSRs; these results may reflect greater harmonisation of regulatory reporting requirements for clinical trials. The variability captured in the benchmarking data reflects the challenges that contribute to the complexity of safety data exchange agreements between partner companies. The goal of the survey was to serve as a basis for future research and pursuit of additional insights that foster transparency. The aim was also to encourage the consideration of alternative approaches to address some of the challenges that we identified. Use of technology could facilitate the process of recording, tracking, and monitoring of safety data exchange within a partnership, improve efficiency through real time monitoring, and provide further insights. A proactive approach to developing agreements is essential for improved patient access and to maintain patient safety.
Gendered Crafts in the Great Salt Lake Desert: A Comparative Analysis of Late Holocene Cordage and Coiled Basketry
Authors: Coe Marion M.
Published: June 2023

Perishable artifacts are invaluable tools for reconstructing past lifeways of hunter-gatherers, and when preserved in arid settings, they can inform on dynamic interactions between communities and the environment. Many such materials were recovered from early archaeological surveys in Utah and Nevada but were largely excluded from contemporary analyses because of small sample sizes, their fragmentary nature, and insecure proveniences. This synchronic reanalysis of cordage and coiled basketry from 10 late Holocene sites in the Great Salt Lake Desert utilizes newer approaches to perishables analysis so as to collect data more conducive to statistical comparisons of subsistence and craft traditions absent from earlier Great Basin studies. Regional trends of conformity of fine cordage contrasted with a diversity of basketry manufacture suggest contemporaneous social stressors directing the production of materials and two potentially gendered subclasses of utilitarian objects. Feminine and masculine perishable crafts in the Bonneville Basin follow separate manufacturing traditions, observable despite small sample sizes and poor dating of these curated collections.
Establishing a baseline of antibiotic use in Massachusetts jails reveals heterogeneity in quantity of prescriptions and duration of therapy
Authors: Szewczyk Bart R. , Tenner Rebecca , Grussing Emily , Campion Maureen , Andujar Vazquez Gabriela , Bylsma Tara , Doron Shira , Wurcel Alysse G.
Published: June 2023

Optimizing antibiotic prescribing is a crucial element of the fight against antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic prescribing patterns in jails have not been studied. We established a baseline of antibiotic prescribing between Massachusetts jails. We detected heterogeneity in quantity and duration of antibiotic prescriptions, revealing an opportunity for improved practice.
Multistakeholder impression management tactics and sustainable development intentions in agri-food co-operatives
Authors: Callagher Lisa , Garnevska Elena
Published: June 2023

This study examines the organization impression management (OIM) tactics used in agri-food cooperatives to communicate their intentions toward sustainable development. Based on content analysis of the chairperson and CEO statements of 14 agri-foods cooperatives from six years' annual reports, this study sheds light on the role of member-owned firms in shifts toward realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper proposes multistakeholder OIM tactics. These insights about sustainable development extend knowledge of how senior managers communicate their intentions in multistakeholder situations, which include shareholders, suppliers, customers, and local communities. This study contributes to the literature on organizational impression management and member-owned firms. Managerial implications are also outlined.
‘Stable’ and ‘unstable’ are not useful descriptions of marine ice sheets in the Earth's climate system
Authors: Sergienko Olga , Haseloff Marianne
Published: June 2023

Investigations of the time-dependent behavior of marine ice sheets and their sensitivity to basal conditions require numerical models because existing theoretical analyses focus only on steady-state configurations primarily with a power-law basal shear stress. Numerical results indicate that the choice of the sliding law strongly affects ice-sheet dynamic behavior. Although observed or simulated grounding-line retreat is typically interpreted as an indication of marine ice sheet instability introduced by Weertman (1974), this (in)stability is a characteristic of the ice sheet's steady states – not time-variant behavior. To bridge the gap between theoretical and numerical results, we develop a framework to investigate grounding line dynamics with generalized basal and lateral stresses (i.e. the functional dependencies are not specified). Motivated by observations of internal variability of the Southern Ocean conditions we explore the grounding-line response to stochastic variability. We find that adding stochastic variability to submarine melt rates that produced stable steady-state configurations leads to intermittently advancing and retreating grounding lines. They can also retreat in an unstoppable manner on time-scales significantly longer than the stochastic correlation time-scales. These results suggest that at any given time of their evolution, the transient behavior of marine ice sheets cannot be described in terms of ‘stable’ or ‘unstable’.
Information-theoretic convergence of extreme values to the Gumbel distribution
Authors: Johnson Oliver
Published: June 2023

We show how convergence to the Gumbel distribution in an extreme value setting can be understood in an information-theoretic sense. We introduce a new type of score function which behaves well under the maximum operation, and which implies simple expressions for entropy and relative entropy. We show that, assuming certain properties of the von Mises representation, convergence to the Gumbel distribution can be proved in the strong sense of relative entropy.
Backchannels in conversations between autistic adults are less frequent and less diverse prosodically and lexically
Authors: Wehrle Simon , Vogeley Kai , Grice Martine
Published: June 2023

Backchannels (BCs; listener signals such as ‘mmhm’ or ‘okay’) are a ubiquitous and essential feature of spoken interaction. They are used by listeners predominantly to support the ongoing turn of their interlocutor and to signal understanding and agreement. Listeners seem to be highly sensitive to the exact realisations of BCs and to judge deviations from typical forms as negative. Very little is known about the use of BCs by speakers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In dialogue recordings of 28 German adults in two groups of disposition-matched dyads (i.e., both interlocutors were either autistic or non-autistic), we found that the ASD group was characterised by (1) a lower rate of BCs per minute (particularly in the early stages of conversation), (2) less diversity in the lexical realisation of BCs and (3) a less diverse and flexible mapping of different intonation contours to different BC types. We interpret these results as reflecting more general characteristics of autistic as compared to non-autistic individuals, namely different strategies in signalling attention towards an interlocutor and less flexible behaviour in social interaction.
La ofrenda de estatuillas en el rito de la capacocha y su relación con el mito del origen de los Incas
Authors: Horta Tricallotis Helena
Published: June 2023

En este artículo se propone un significado para las ofrendas de estatuillas en miniatura de seres humanos y camélidos en ritos incaicos, entre ellos la qhapaq hucha o capacocha, ceremonia principal de veneración a las huacas que incluía sacrificio humano. La investigación moderna ha buscado una explicación satisfactoria respecto de este rito, así como de la función de dichas estatuillas, apoyándose básicamente en información documental. Actualmente, se dispone de información de primera mano proveniente de hallazgos arqueológicos de diferentes cumbres de los Andes. En este trabajo se entrecruzan los datos históricos con los arqueológicos relativos a vestimenta e insignias de la nobleza inca, para proponer que dichas estatuillas simbolizaron a la pareja fundadora del linaje, Mama Ocllo y Manco Capac, en el acto mismo del surgimiento desde la pacarina del cerro Tambotoco, y que representaron por extensión, a los descendientes de tales progenitores. De esta manera, con las estatuillas se habría preservado la memoria de este pasaje crucial del mito de origen de la etnia inca, recordando a la pareja primigenia como creadora del orden social existente, y legitimando a la vez, el origen divino del poder de la élite gobernante.
Endogamia, movilidad y residencia posmarital en poblaciones incas del noroeste de Cusco
Authors: Varela Héctor Hugo , Valdano Silvia Graciela , Cocilovo José Alberto
Published: June 2023

El estudio del parentesco permite comprender mejor las sociedades antiguas porque está relacionado con el comportamiento social, económico, político y reproductivo de la población. Es posible conocer la magnitud de la endogamia y hacer inferencias sobre la movilidad de ambos sexos. Una mayor similitud genética promedio dentro de muestras femeninas sugiere mayor migración masculina (modelo de residencia posmarital matrilocal). A la inversa se deduce un modelo de residencia patrilocal y si no hay diferencias se infiere un modelo bilocal. Nuestro objetivo es conocer la divergencia genética entre grupos incas del altiplano del noroeste de Cusco utilizando caracteres cuantitativos del cráneo para estimar el parentesco, el número de migrantes por generación y el patrón de residencia posmarital. Los restos óseos empleados (99 cráneos masculinos y 75 femeninos) proviene de los sitios Paucarcancha, Patallacta y Torontoy. Se aplicaron técnicas de análisis multivariado y modelos derivados de la genética de poblaciones. Existen diferencias morfológicas entre los sitios a pesar de la escasa distancia geográfica. La divergencia genética fue de 0,035 (siete individuos migrantes por generación). La varianza dentro de grupos es similar en ambos sexos (modelo posmarital bilocal). Se discute la evidencia obtenida con otras localidades y subregiones del Área Andina Centro Meridional.
A DYNAMICAL SYSTEM PROOF OF NIVEN’S THEOREM AND ITS EXTENSIONS
Authors: PANRAKSA CHATCHAWAN , SAMART DETCHAT , SRIWONGSA SONGPON
Published: June 2023

Niven’s theorem asserts that
$\{\cos (r\pi ) \mid r\in \mathbb {Q}\}\cap \mathbb {Q}=\{0,\pm 1,\pm 1/2\}.$
In this paper, we use elementary techniques and results from arithmetic dynamics to obtain an algorithm for classifying all values in the set
$\{\cos (r\pi ) \mid r\in \mathbb {Q}\}\cap K$
, where K is an arbitrary number field.
Associations of plasma retinol and α-tocopherol levels with skeletal muscle health in Chinese children
Authors: Huang Jiapeng , Zhang Xuanrui , Hong Zhen , Lin Xiaoping , Chen Fengyan , Lan Jing , Zhang Zheqing , Deng Hong
Published: June 2023

Childhood is a critical period for muscle accumulation. Studies in elders have reported that antioxidant vitamins could improve muscle health. However, limited studies have assessed such associations in children. This study included 243 boys and 183 girls. A seventy-nine-item FFQ was used to investigate dietary nutrients intake. Plasma levels of retinol and α-tocopherol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with MS. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and total body fat. The ASM index (ASMI) and ASMI Z-score were then calculated. Hand grip strength was measured using a Jamar® Plus+ Hand Dynamometer. Fully adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that for each unit increase in plasma retinol content, ASM, ASMI, left HGS and ASMI Z-score increased by 2·43 × 10−3 kg, 1·33 × 10−3 kg/m2, 3·72 × 10−3 kg and 2·45 × 10−3 in girls, respectively (P < 0·001–0·050). ANCOVA revealed a dose–response relationship between tertiles of plasma retinol level and muscle indicators (Ptrend: 0·001–0·007). The percentage differences between the top and bottom tertiles were 8·38 %, 6·26 %, 13·2 %, 12·1 % and 116 % for ASM, ASMI, left HGS, right HGS and ASMI Z-score in girls, respectively (Pdiff: 0·005–0·020). No such associations were observed in boys. Plasma α-tocopherol levels were not correlated with muscle indicators in either sex. In conclusion, high circulating retinol levels are positively associated with muscle mass and strength in school-age girls.
Detection of lytic phage infecting flavour-producing strain of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in the dairy effluents of Kerala
Authors: Chandran Archana , Beena Athrayil Kalathil , Vaiyapuri Murugadas , John Lijo , Rajakumar S. N. , Babu Sudheer , James Ligimol , Rahila Mundakka Paramban
Published: June 2023

The performance of the starter culture is a critical factor that decides the quality of fermented milk. Dahi is a fermented milk product popular in India made using a mixed starter culture of lactic acid bacteria comprising acid and flavour producers. The prevalence of bacteriophages in the dairy environment can critically affect the activity of these starter cultures resulting in starter failure. As there is little information available on the occurrence of bacteriophages in the dairy environment of Kerala, this research communication examines the presence of lytic bacteriophages acting against three potential flavour-producing strains of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (Lc. paracasei). Dairy effluent samples were screened for the presence of phages against the strains of Lc. paracasei by the multiple host enrichment method. Plates showing clearance zone in spot assay were confirmed for the presence of phages by double-layer agar assay. The plaques obtained in the double-layer agar assay were purified for further identification by next-generation sequencing. A bacteriophage infecting one of the three strains of Lc. paracasei was detected by the plaque assay and the blast annotation of the bacteriophage sequence found 86.05% similarity of the phage to Siphoviridae family. The study endorses the need for monitoring phages in the dairy environment to control phage-related starter failure in the state of Kerala.
The Language ENvironment Analysis system (LENA): A validation study with Italian-learning children
Authors: BASTIANELLO Tamara , LORENZINI Irene , NAZZI Thierry , MAJORANO Marinella
Published: June 2023

This study is a validation of the LENA system for the Italian language. In Study 1, to test LENA’s accuracy, seventy-two 10-minute samples extracted from daylong LENA recordings were manually transcribed for 12 children longitudinally observed at 1;0 and 2;0. We found strong correlations between LENA and human estimates in the number of Adult Word Count (AWC) and Child Vocalisations Count (CVC) and a weak correlation between LENA and human estimates in Conversational Turns Count (CTC). In Study 2, to test the concurrent validity, direct and indirect language measures were considered on a sample of 54 recordings (19 children). Correlational analyses showed that LENA’s CVC and CTC were significantly related to the children’s vocal production, a parent report measure of prelexical vocalizations and the vocal reactivity scores. These results confirm that the automatic analyses performed by the LENA device are reliable and powerful for studying language development in Italian-speaking infants.
Resilience in children with chronic illness: Tests of the shift-and-persist and skin-deep resilience theories
Authors: Chen Edith , Jiang Tao , Chen Michelle A. , Chiu Rachel Y. , Miller Gregory E.
Published: June 2023

This study investigated, and discusses the integration of, the shift-and-persist (SAP) and skin-deep resilience (SDR) theories. The SAP theory states that the combination of shifting (adjusting oneself to stressful situations through strategies like emotion regulation) and persisting (enduring adversity with strength by finding meaning and maintaining optimism) will be beneficial to physical health in children experiencing adversity. The SDR theory states that high striving/self-control will be beneficial to mental health but detrimental to physical health among those confronting adversity. This study investigated 308 children ages 8–17 experiencing the adversity of a chronic illness (asthma). SAP and SDR (striving/self-control) were assessed via questionnaires, and physical health (asthma symptoms, inflammatory profiles), mental health (anxiety/depression, emotional functioning), and behavioral (medication adherence, activity limitations, collaborative relationships with providers) outcomes were measured cross-sectionally. SAP was associated with better physical health, whereas SDR was associated with worse physical health. Both were associated with better mental health. Only SDR was associated with better behavioral outcomes. Implications of findings and discussion of how to integrate these theories are provided. We suggest that future interventions might seek to cultivate both SAP and SDR to promote overall better health and well-being across multiple domains in children experiencing adversity.
Comparison of echocardiographic aortic stiffness index measurements and pulse wave velocity measurements in obese and overweight children
Authors: Kavgacı Akif , İncedere Fatma , Tunaoğlu Sedef , Karabörk Muhammet , Büyükkaragöz Bahar , Leventoğlu Emre , Oğuz Deniz , Kula Serdar , Terlemez Semiha
Published: June 2023

Background:

Aortic/arterial stiffness is a reliable, independent predictor and a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Arterial stiffness is assessed by pulse wave velocity and echocardiography. The purpose of this study is to analyse aortic/arterial stiffness in patients using echocardiographic and pulse wave velocity techniques.

Materials and Methods:

The participants of this study consisted of 62 patients who presented to the Gazi University Pediatric Endocrinology and Pediatric Cardiology outpatient clinics, including 21 obese, 20 overweight, and 21 normal-weight patients. Echocardiography was performed on all patients, and echocardiographic measurements were compared to pulse wave velocity measurements.

Results:

The mean (min-max) arterial strain measurements were 0.146 ± 0.0 (0.06–0.3) in the obese group and 0.106 ± 0.0 (0.05–0.18) in the overweight group. In comparison to the overweight group, the obese group had greater arterial strain measurements. The pulse wave velocity measurements in the obese and overweight groups were greater than those in the normal weight group (p > 0.05). Elastic modulus and aortic stiffness ß index values were shown to be positively correlated with pulse wave velocity measurements in the obese group (r = 0.56, r = 0.53, respectively; p = 0.008, p = 0.01, respectively). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were correlated with pulse wave velocity measurements in the obese group (r = 0.98, p = 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion:

In our study, echocardiographic aortic measurements showing the vessel wall were correlated with pulse wave velocity measurements. Echocardiographic evaluation should be included in the routine follow-up of patients because pulse wave velocity measurement devices are not available in all centres, echocardiography is available in many centres, it is easily applicable, and it facilitates the follow-up of patients.
Finding the fun: Towards a playful archaeology
Authors: Politopoulos Aris , Mol Angus A.A. , Lammes Sybille
Published: June 2023

Games and other forms of play are core human activities, as vitally constitutive of cultural and social practices in the past as they are today. Consequently, play, games and fun should be central in archaeological theory, but our review shows they are anything but. Instead, very few studies deal with these concepts at all, and most of those that do focus on how the affordances play offers link it to ritual, power or other ‘more serious’ phenomena. Here, we offer an explanation as to why play has taken such a backseat in archaeological thought and practice, relating it to the ambivalent aesthetics of having fun with the past in our own discipline. Building on our own playful practices and those of other scholars in the ancient board gaming and archaeogaming communities, we propose a move towards a more playful archaeology, which can provide us with a new window into the past as well as into our own professional practices.
Bid‘a and evolving conceptions of the shari‘a in Qing and Republican China
Authors: Glasserman Aaron Nathan
Published: June 2023

In this article I revise the conventional account of the contestation over Islamic reform in late Qing and Republican China. I argue that previous scholarship has overlooked important similarities between so-called “reformists” or “Yihewani” and “traditionalists” or “Gedimu.” Based on an analysis of several texts and their exposition of the concept of bid‘a, I show that scholars associated with opposite sides of this divide in the early twentieth century shared a legalistic understanding of the shari‘a as a system of categories for classifying human action; and that this classificatory conception of the shari‘a differed from the practice-centered approach reflected in earlier Chinese Islamic works.
Causal Associations of Air Pollution With Cardiovascular Disease and Respiratory Diseases Among Elder Diabetic Patients
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Lv Shiyun , Lu Feng , Guo Moning , Wu Zhiyuan , Liu Yue , Li Weiming , Liu Mengmeng , Yu Siqi , Jiang Yanshuang , Gao Bo , Wang Xiaonan , Li Xia , Wang Wei , Liu Xiangtong , Guo Xiuhua
Published: June 2023

Extensive researches have linked air pollutants with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory diseases (RD), however, there is limited evidence on causal effects of air pollutants on morbidity of CVD or RD with comorbidities, particularly diabetes mellitus in elder patients. We included hospital admissions for CVD or RD among elder (≥65 years) diabetic patients between 2014 and 2019 in Beijing. A time‐stratified case‐crossover design based on negative‐control exposure was used to assess causal associations of short‐term exposure to air pollutants with CVD and RD among diabetic patients with the maximum lag of 7 days. A random forest regression model was used to calculate the contribution magnitude of air pollutants. A total of 493,046 hospital admissions were recorded. Per 10 μg/m3 uptick in PM1, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and 1 mg/m3 in CO was associated with 0.29 (0.05, 0.53), 0.14 (0.02, 0.26), 0.06 (0.00, 0.12), 0.36 (0.01, 0.70), 0.21 (0.02, 0.40), −0.08 (−0.25, 0.09), and 4.59 (0.56, 8.61) causal effect estimator for admission of CVD among diabetic patients, corresponding to 0.12 (0.05, 0.18), 0.09 (0.05, 0.13), 0.05, 0.23 (0.06, 0.41), 0.10 (0.02, 0.19), −0.04 (−0.06, −0.01), and 3.91(1.81, 6.01) causal effect estimator for RD among diabetic patients. The effect of gaseous pollutants was higher than particulate pollutants in random forest model. Short‐term exposure to air pollution was causally associated with increased admission of CVD and RD among elder diabetic patients. Gaseous pollutants had a greater contribution to CVD and RD among elder diabetic patients.
Observation‐Driven Characterization of Soil Moisture‐Precipitation Interactions in the Central United States
Authors: Ford Trent W. , Steiner Joshua , Mason Bridgette , Quiring Steven M.
Published: June 2023

Soil moisture feedbacks that initiate, enhance, or suppress convection initiation and precipitation are important components of regional hydroclimatology. However, soil moisture feedbacks and the processes through which they operate are notoriously challenging to observe and study outside of model environments. In this study, we combine a climatological assessment of event frequency‐based measurements of soil moisture‐precipitation coupling in the central United States with a process‐based analysis of the mechanisms by which wet‐ and dry‐soil feedbacks may operate in the region. We use the Thunderstorm Observation by Radar algorithm to identify the location of convection initiation, circumventing the issue of using precipitation accumulation as a proxy for convection initiation. Results show substantial spatial variability in the climatological sign and strength of soil moisture‐precipitation coupling in the central United States, including regions that exhibit signs of both wet‐ and dry‐soil feedbacks. Within the regions with the strongest feedback signals, we find consistently strong coupling between soil moisture and the partitioning of surface heat flux, and strong coupling between surface heat flux—particularly sensible heat flux—and diurnal change in planetary boundary layer height. In all three regions assessed, the process‐based metrics confirmed the potential of wet‐ and/or dry‐soil feedbacks leading to convection initiation.
Six Hundred Years of Reconstructed Atmospheric River Activity Along the US West Coast
Authors: Borkotoky Swatah Snigdha , Williams A. Park , Steinschneider Scott
Published: June 2023

Atmospheric rivers (AR) are critically important to water resources management along the US west coast, driving variability in both droughts and floods across the region. Inter‐annual variability of ARs is well documented in the instrumental record back to the mid‐twentieth century, but long‐term variations in the frequency and landfall location of ARs along the US west coast are poorly understood due to limited records. This limitation impedes the ability to contextualize emerging trends and projections of AR activity. Here we use station‐based records of daily precipitation and tree‐ring records to present novel, spatially explicit estimates of daily AR occurrences in the first half of the twentieth century and annual AR counts over the last 600 years. First, we use neural networks and daily precipitation across Western North America to classify the daily occurrence of AR landfalls in three regions along the US west coast during the cold season back to 1916 CE. Then, we reconstruct the annual frequency of AR landfalls in those same regions back to 1400 CE using a gridded, tree‐ring based reconstruction of the standardized precipitation index and a Poisson regression framework. The skillful reconstruction of daily and annual AR occurrences provides previously unavailable estimates of AR landfall variability and highlights new peaks in AR activity and modes of low‐frequency variability prior to the instrumental record. Our reconstructions suggest that the average latitude of AR landfall has varied considerably on multi‐decadal scales over the last 600 years, but without any discernible trends beyond this quasi‐oscillatory behavior.
GOLD Synoptic Observations of Quasi‐6‐Day Wave Modulations of Post‐Sunset Equatorial Ionization Anomaly During the September 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Gan Q. , Oberheide J. , Goncharenko L. , Qian L. , Yue J. , Wang W. , McClintock W. E. , Eastes R. W.
Published: June 2023

Using observations from the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission, we investigate post‐sunset ionospheric responses to the September 2019 Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming –first ever from a synoptic perspective. Observations reveal a prevalent quasi‐6‐day periodicity in the equatorial ionization anomaly region over South America and the Atlantic, coincident with enhanced quasi‐6‐day wave (Q6DW) activity in the mesosphere (Liu et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028909). The atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling via large‐scale waves is rarely studied over the ocean due to the lack of observations. More importantly, further analyses suggest that multiple pathways are involved in transmitting the quasi‐6‐day periodicity from the middle atmosphere into the post‐sunset F‐region ionosphere, including modulation of F‐region field aligned winds and pre‐reversal enhancements by the tides and or Q6DW. A remarkable depletion in electron density, attributable to the overall change in thermosphere composition driven by the dissipative tides and or Q6DWs, is also seen during the period of enhanced Q6DW activity.
Extreme Events and Probability Analysis Along the United States East Coast Based on High Spatial‐Coverage Reconstructed Storm Surges
Authors: Yang Lianjun , Jin Taoyong , Xiao Mingyu , Gao Xianwen , Jiang Weiping , Li Jiancheng
Published: June 2023

Analyzing the features of extreme events and estimating their probabilities robustly require high spatial coverage, high temporal resolution, and sufficiently long storm surge (SS) records. However, in situ observations cannot always meet these demands due to spatiotemporal sparseness. Here, we proposed a novel regional all‐site modeling framework based on a machine learning method, the extreme gradient boosting tree. This framework can reconstruct long SS records simply and quickly and can estimate storm surges simultaneously at both gauged and ungauged locations. Compared to in situ observations, the distribution patterns of SS variations during extreme events can be recognized easily from the reconstructed hourly SS data set. Since its available record is longer than 60 years (1959–2020), the estimation uncertainties of extreme event probabilities are significantly decreased. Noticeably high extreme SS return levels were found along the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico, which should be given great attention.
Optical Properties of Boundary Layer Aerosols From High Spectral Resolution Lidar Measurements in a Polluted Urban Environment (Seoul, Korea)
Authors: Park Soojin , Kim Man‐Hae , Park Jong‐Uk , Yeo Huidong , Holz Robert E. , Kuehn Ralph E. , Eloranta Edwin W. , Omar Ali H. , Park Jin‐Soo , Ahn Joonyoung , Kim Sang‐Woo
Published: June 2023

Continuous measurements of aerosol extinction coefficient (σext) from the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) in Seoul from 2016 to 2018 were used to investigate the diurnal variation of the aerosol optical depth (AOD). Nighttime AOD displayed a larger mean and standard deviation (0.45 ± 0.47) than daytime (0.40 ± 0.29). Hygroscopic growth of aerosols under humid conditions was a key factor in the relative enhancement of nighttime AOD. Taking advantage of the HSRL's vertically resolved measurements, the contribution of aerosols within the boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT) to AOD and its temporal variation were investigated. Unlike the diurnal AOD variation, AOD within the BL (AODBL) showed similar diurnal variations with the mixing layer height (MLH), displaying lower nighttime values with a peak around 14–15 local standard time. However, the low correlation between MLH and AODBL (R2 = 0.06) implied that MLH was not the sole deterministic factor of AODBL. A larger AOD of FT aerosols (AODFT) was observed during spring due to frequent elevated dust layers. Using mean σext within the BL and surface PM10 concentrations, the mass extinction efficiency (MEE) of aerosols in Seoul was estimated. The PM10 MEE showed a mean of 5.40 g m−2 and displayed significant variability by PM2.5 to PM10 ratio, season, and ambient relative humidity. The uncertainty of estimated surface PM10 concentrations was minimized when the seasonality and humidity factor in MEE were taken into account (the normalized mean bias decreased from 10.6%, using a single MEE value, to 6.2%).
Genomic risk for post-traumatic stress disorder in families densely affected with alcohol use disorders
Authors: Saenz de Viteri Stacey , Zhang Jian , Johnson Emma C. , Barr Peter B. , Edenberg Howard J. , Hesselbrock Victor M. , Nurnberger John I. , Pandey Ashwini K. , Kamarajan Chella , Kinreich Sivan , Tischfield Jay A. , Plawecki Martin H. , Kramer John R. , Lai Dongbing , Kuperman Samuel , Chan Grace , McCutcheon Vivia V. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Porjesz Bernice , Meyers Jacquelyn L.
Published: June 2023

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic markers of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in civilian and military populations. However, studies have yet to examine the genetics of PTSD while factoring in risk for alcohol dependence, which commonly co-occur. We examined genome-wide associations for DSM-IV PTSD among 4,978 trauma-exposed participants (31% with alcohol dependence, 50% female, 30% African ancestry) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). We also examined associations of polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC)-PTSD Freeze 2 (N = 3533) and Million Veterans Program GWAS of PTSD (N = 5200) with PTSD and substance dependence in COGA, and moderating effects of sex and alcohol dependence. 7.3% of COGA participants met criteria for PTSD, with higher rates in females (10.1%) and those with alcohol dependence (12.3%). No independent loci met genome-wide significance in the PTSD meta-analysis of European (EA) and African ancestry (AA) participants. The PGC-PTSD PRS was associated with increased risk for PTSD (B = 0.126, p < 0.001), alcohol dependence (B = 0.231, p < 0.001), and cocaine dependence (B = 0.086, p < 0.01) in EA individuals. A significant interaction was observed, such that EA individuals with alcohol dependence and higher polygenic risk for PTSD were more likely to have PTSD (B = 0.090, p < 0.01) than those without alcohol dependence. These results further support the importance of examining substance dependence, specifically alcohol dependence, and PTSD together when investigating genetic influence on these disorders.
Plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid and the expression of its receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are altered in patients with cocaine use disorders
Authors: Flores-López María , García-Marchena Nuria , Pavón-Morón Francisco J. , Requena-Ocaña Nerea , Sánchez-Marín Laura , Martín-Chaves Laura , García-Medina Mónica , Pedraza Carmen , Castilla-Ortega Estela , Ruiz Juan J. , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Araos Pedro , Serrano Antonia
Published: June 2023

We have recently reported alterations in the plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in patients with substance use disorders. In order to further explore the potential role of the LPA signaling system as biomarker in cocaine use disorders (CUD) we conducted a cross-sectional study with 105 patients diagnosed with CUD and 92 healthy controls. Participants were clinically evaluated and blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of total LPA and LPA species (16:0-, 18:0-, 18:1-, 18:2-, and 20:4-LPA), and the gene expression of LPA1 and LPA2 receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that patients with CUD had significantly lower plasma concentration of the majority of LPA species, while the mRNA expression of LPA1 receptor was found to be higher than controls. Moreover, we found a positive association between plasma concentration of 20:4-LPA and relevant CUD-related variables: age of onset cocaine use and length of cocaine abstinence. The statistical analysis revealed sex differences in concentrations of total LPA and LPA species, and women showed higher LPA concentrations than men. Furthermore, studies in rats of both sexes showed that plasma concentrations of total LPA were also altered after acute and chronic cocaine administration, revealing a sexual dimorphism in these effects. This study found alterations on the LPA signaling system in both, patients with CUD and rats treated with cocaine. Our results demonstrate that LPA signaling is impacted by CUD and sex, which must be taken into consideration in future studies evaluating LPA as a reliable biomarker for CUD.
RNF128 regulates neutrophil infiltration and myeloperoxidase functions to prevent acute lung injury
Authors: Liu Pei-Yao , Chen Chih-Yuan , Lin Yu-Lung , Lin Chien-Ming , Tsai Wen-Chiuan , Tsai Yu-Ling , Lin Gu-Jiun , Chen Yu-Guang , Wang Shih-Yun , Sun Rui-Nong , Huang Yu-Chuan , Chang Hung , Chen Ying-Chuan
Published: June 2023

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterised by severe pulmonary inflammation, alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, and pulmonary oedema. Therefore, establishing effective therapeutic targets for ALI prevention is crucial. The present study reports a novel function of RNF128 in regulating LPS-induced ALI. Severe lung damage and increased immune cell infiltration were detected in RNF128-deficient mice. In vitro experiments revealed that RNF128 inhibits neutrophil activation by binding to myeloperoxidase (MPO) and reducing its levels and activity. Moreover, RNF128 regulates alveolar macrophage activation and neutrophil infiltration by interacting with TLR4, targeting it for degradation, and inhibiting NF-κB activation, hence decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results demonstrate for the first time that RNF128 is a negative regulator of MPO and TLR4 in neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, respectively. However, AAV9-mediated RNF128 overexpression alleviated lung tissue damage and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Thus, RNF128 is a promising therapeutic candidate for pharmacological interventions in ALI.
TRPS1 regulates the opposite effect of progesterone via RANKL in endometrial carcinoma and breast carcinoma
Authors: Yang Linlin , Fan Qiong , Wang Jing , Yang Xiaoming , Yuan Jiangjing , Li Yuhong , Sun Xiao , Wang Yudong
Published: June 2023

Medroxyprogesterone (MPA) has therapeutic effect on endometrial carcinoma (EC), while it could promote the carcinogenesis of breast cancer (BC) by activating receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL). However, the selective mechanism of MPA in endometrium and breast tissue remains obscure. Multiomics analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed in cell lines derived from endometrial cancer and mammary tumor to screen the differential co-regulatory factors of progesterone receptor (PR). Dual-luciferase assays and ChIP-PCR assays were used to validate the transcriptional regulation. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence assays were carried out to explore molecular interactions between PR, the cofactor transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1 (TRPS1), and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). Subsequently, human endometrial cancer/breast cancer xenograft models were established to investigate the regulation effect of cofactor TRPS1 in vivo. In the current study, we found that MPA downregulated RANKL expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner in EC, while had the opposite effect on BC. Then PR could recruit cofactor TRPS1 to the promoter of RANKL, leading to histone deacetylation of RANKL to repress its transcription in EC, whereas MPA disassociated the PR/TRPS1/HDAC2 complex to enhance RANKL histone acetylation in BC. Therefore, TRPS1, the coregulator recruited by PR played a critical role in the selective mechanism of progesterone in EC and BC and could become a potential candidate for targeted therapy to improve the anticancer effect of MPA on EC and avoid its carcinogenic effect on BC.
Interventions to support patients with sharing genetic test results with at-risk relatives: a synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM)
Authors: Ballard Lisa Marie , Band Rebecca , Lucassen Anneke M.
Published: June 2023

Whilst the finding of heritable susceptibility to disease was once relatively rare, mainstreaming of genetic testing has resulted in a steady increase. Patients are often encouraged to share their genetic test results with relevant relatives, but relatives may not receive this information, leaving them without knowledge of their own risk. Therefore, strategies to help communicate such information are important. This review aimed to explore the efficacy of existing interventions to improve the sharing of genetic test results. A synthesis without meta-analysis design was used. A systematic search of Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and AMED was conducted, and five studies were identified worldwide. Data were extracted for each study regarding study aim, participant characteristics, condition, intervention details, comparison, study duration, outcome measures, theory and behaviour change techniques used. Limited efficacy and application of theory was found. Knowledge, motivation and self-efficacy were not increased in any intervention. No gender differences in communication behaviour were encountered in interventions that recruited men and women. Two studies reported an evaluation of acceptability, which showed that the interventions were well received by patients and health professionals. No study reported the involvement of the target population in any phase of intervention development. Given the lack of health psychology-informed interventions in this area of clinical genetics, we recommend genetic health professionals, health psychologists and patients collaborate on all stages of future interventions that involve the cascading of genetic health information within families. We also provide guidance regarding use of theory and intervention elements for future intervention development.
A fluorinated cation introduces new interphasial chemistries to enable high-voltage lithium metal batteries
Authors: Liu Qian , Jiang Wei , Xu Jiayi , Xu Yaobin , Yang Zhenzhen , Yoo Dong-Joo , Pupek Krzysztof Z. , Wang Chongmin , Liu Cong , Xu Kang , Zhang Zhengcheng
Published: June 2023

Fluorides have been identified as a key ingredient in interphases supporting aggressive battery chemistries. While the precursor for these fluorides must be pre-stored in electrolyte components and only delivered at extreme potentials, the chemical source of fluorine so far has been confined to either negatively-charge anions or fluorinated molecules, whose presence in the inner-Helmholtz layer of electrodes, and consequently their contribution to the interphasial chemistry, is restricted. To pre-store fluorine source on positive-charged species, here we show a cation that carries fluorine in its structure is synthesized and its contribution to interphasial chemistry is explored for the very first time. An electrolyte carrying fluorine in both cation and anion brings unprecedented interphasial chemistries that translate into superior battery performance of a lithium-metal battery, including high Coulombic efficiency of up to 99.98%, and Li0-dendrite prevention for 900 hours. The significance of this fluorinated cation undoubtedly extends to other advanced battery systems beyond lithium, all of which universally require kinetic protection of highly fluorinated interphases.
Cyclic di-AMP traps proton-coupled K+ transporters of the KUP family in an inward-occluded conformation
Authors: Fuss Michael F. , Wieferig Jan-Philip , Corey Robin A. , Hellmich Yvonne , Tascón Igor , Sousa Joana S. , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Vonck Janet , Hänelt Inga
Published: June 2023

Cyclic di-AMP is the only known essential second messenger in bacteria and archaea, regulating different proteins indispensable for numerous physiological processes. In particular, it controls various potassium and osmolyte transporters involved in osmoregulation. In Bacillus subtilis, the K+/H+ symporter KimA of the KUP family is inactivated by c-di-AMP. KimA sustains survival at potassium limitation at low external pH by mediating potassium ion uptake. However, at elevated intracellular K+ concentrations, further K+ accumulation would be toxic. In this study, we reveal the molecular basis of how c-di-AMP binding inhibits KimA. We report cryo-EM structures of KimA with bound c-di-AMP in detergent solution and reconstituted in amphipols. By combining structural data with functional assays and molecular dynamics simulations we reveal how c-di-AMP modulates transport. We show that an intracellular loop in the transmembrane domain interacts with c-di-AMP bound to the adjacent cytosolic domain. This reduces the mobility of transmembrane helices at the cytosolic side of the K+ binding site and therefore traps KimA in an inward-occluded conformation.
How soluble misfolded proteins bypass chaperones at the molecular level
Authors: Halder Ritaban , Nissley Daniel A. , Sitarik Ian , Jiang Yang , Rao Yiyun , Vu Quyen V. , Li Mai Suan , Pritchard Justin , O’Brien Edward P.
Published: June 2023

Subpopulations of soluble, misfolded proteins can bypass chaperones within cells. The extent of this phenomenon and how it happens at the molecular level are unknown. Through a meta-analysis of the experimental literature we find that in all quantitative protein refolding studies there is always a subpopulation of soluble but misfolded protein that does not fold in the presence of one or more chaperones, and can take days or longer to do so. Thus, some misfolded subpopulations commonly bypass chaperones. Using multi-scale simulation models we observe that the misfolded structures that bypass various chaperones can do so because their structures are highly native like, leading to a situation where chaperones do not distinguish between the folded and near-native-misfolded states. More broadly, these results provide a mechanism by which long-time scale changes in protein structure and function can persist in cells because some misfolded states can bypass components of the proteostasis machinery.