bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Analysis of Bubble Formation Dynamics in Shear-Thinning Fluids
Authors: Fan Wen Yuan , Yin Xiao Hong
Published: January 2014

The dynamics of bubble generating in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) aqueous solution were studied using chaos method. The results show that for low position (P) and gas flowrate (Qg), the characteristic frequency of axial and radial velocities are both consistent to bubble periodic shear frequency; but for high position, power spectrums are of broad coverage within low frequency range. The magnitudes of radial characteristic peaks increase with gas flowrate. Phase portraits of reconstructed phase space of velocity time series display certain features of chaotic attractor. For lowPandQg, phase portrait takes on uniform elliptical shape due to liquid periodic motion caused by bubble periodic rising. Whereas for highPandQg, the liquid turbulence is reinforced by bubble increasing velocity and large-scale turbulent intensity around bubble increases, consequently, leading to significant compression of phase portrait.
Spontaneous Formation of DTAB/SLS Vesicles
Authors: Sun Jian , Li Hong Yun , Li Dong Hui , Shao Bing , Cui Lin Lin
Published: January 2014

Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/sodium dodecyl sulfate (DTAB/SLS) complex formulation of scale effect on the spontaneous formation of vesicles and the influence of different factors on the stability of vesicles were discussed, structure and morphology of vesicles were observed.
Ethanol Extract of Julu Honeysuckle May be a Potentially Promising Preservative Material
Authors: Zheng Li , Hu Ya Ping
Published: January 2014

Food preservative materials are indispensable for food commercialization. As serious side effects of chemical food preservative materials, new natural materials are central issues. Honeysuckle, a natural herb which is used as a clear away heat and toxic material in Chinese traditional medicine has activities of antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer and so on. It may be an potentially promising preservative material. Different varieties, different processing methods and different solvents were experimented by disk diffusion method, as a result, ethanol extract of Julu Honeysuckle was a best choice.
Effect of Poly-ε-Lysine on Vacuum Packed Tilapia Stored at 4°C
Authors: Ma Hai Xia , Cheng Lin Li , Li Lai Hao , Yang Xian Qing
Published: January 2014

Poly-ε-lysine (ε-PL) is a natural biologicalagent, it is water soluble, biodegradable, and non-toxic, so it can be used as food preservatives. Through sensory evaluation, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), total bacteria count (TBC) and K-values analyses, the effect of poly-ε-lysine (ε-PL) on tilapia fillets stored at 4°C was investigated. The results showed that each indicator correlated well with the storage time, and ε-PL could extend the shelf-life of tilapia fillets under refrigerated condition for at least4 days in comparison with the control group. Comparison tests indicated that 0.6% solution of ε-PL has better preservation effect than 0.2% and 0.4% ε-PL solutions.
Extraction, Purification and Partial Characterizations of Polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis
Authors: Yang Xian Qing , Liu Ming Qiu , Qi Bo , Li Lai Hao , Deng Jian Chao , Hu Xiao , Wu Yan Yan , Hao Shu Xian
Published: January 2014

In the present study, the crude polysaccharides were extracted from the microalgae Gracilaria lemaneiformis with ultrasonic-assisted extraction method and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography in that order. Two main fractions, GPC-1and GPC-2, were obtained through the extraction and purification steps. Then partial characterizations, such as chemical composition, ultraviolet (UV) spectrum and infrared (IR) spectrum of the two fractions were analyzed in this study. The results indicated that the total sugar contents of GPC-1and GPC-2 were 89.32% and 88.79%, and the protein contents of these two fractions were only 0.35% and 0.76%, compared with that of crude polysaccharides of 75.49% and 1.92%, respectively. Moreover, both the UV spectrum and the IR spectrum demonstrated that the two fractions were typical purified polysaccharides. As a consequence, these investigated characterizations could be considered as a favorable evidence for the identification of polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis.
Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Mead by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Zhang Yong , Ai Yao Qin , Wu Qi , Li Cong Fa , Chen Wen Xue
Published: January 2014

The main aim of the present work was to optimize mead production using Response Surface Methodology. The effects of pH (X1:4–6), diammonium phosphate concentration (X2: 90–150g/hL), and temperature(X3: 24–32°C) on mead quality, concerning the final ethanol, was studied. The results showed that regression equation fit well with experimental data and the optimum extraction conditions determined in order to maximize the combined responses were pH value of 6.5, diammonium phosphate concentration of 150g/hL, temperature of 28°C. The mead produced under these conditions had the following characteristics: ethanol concentration of 9.3% and good flavor.
ICP-AES Determination of Mineral Elements in Five Edible Seeds after Microwave Assisted Digestion
Authors: Wang Ying , Ma Qin Chao , Xu Hao Nan , Feng Kun , Tang Yan
Published: January 2014

The concentrations of 12 elements (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Se, Mn, Zn, Sn, Cu and Al) were determined in raw and roasted pumpkin seeds by ICP-AES following microwave-assisted acid digestion. The accuracy of the method determined by spiking experiments was very good (recoveries 95.48103.2%) and the limits of detection of elements of interest were from 0.1 up to 17.4μg g-1, the relative standard deviations were less than 3.52%. Compared with watermelon seeds, winter melon seeds, sunflower seeds and hanging melon seeds, the results showed the five kinds of roasted melon seeds are all rich in mineral elements.
Study on Pit Mud Lixivium from Different Years Pits by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wei Chun Hui , Huang Zhi Guo , Luo Hui Bo
Published: January 2014

This thesis analyzed pit mud lixivium of 20 years, 100 years, 200 years, and 300 years pit age by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. Through analyzing experimental results, 20 kinds of substances were obtained, and 10 kinds of substances were mutual in all pit mud samples. After carefully analyzing many substances in every pit age, the conclusion was obtained that the longer the pit mud had been stored, the more substances it had, the more complicated components were in pit mud, the higher metabolize diversity microorganism had, and the better quality the liquor had.
Preparation of an Amphiphilic Magnetic Copolymer Microspheres
Authors: Liu Zai Man , Liu Yun , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2014

The magnetic polymer microspheres were synthesized by copolymerization of styrene with a water-soluble polyurethane macromonomer in the presence of Fe3O4in ethanol/water medium. The structure of copolymer was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The morphology and the average size of magnetic microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic properties were recorded with a vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the magnetic microspheres had an average particle size of 500nm. The magnetic microspheres have super paramagnetic, enhanced hydrophilicity and the characteristics of simple and rapid magnetic separation. The magnetic susceptibility was 3.898×10-5emu/(Oe·g) and the saturation magnetization was 41.122 emu/g.
Progress in the Synthesis of Ternary Carbide by Carbothermal Reduction from Natural Raw Material
Authors: Yu Chao , Zhu Hong Xi , Yuan Wen Jie , Deng Cheng Ji , Zhou Shi Min
Published: January 2014

Aluminum-containing ternary carbide, Al4SiC4-Al4Si2C5 composites, were synthesized using a mixture of bauxite, kaolin and carbon black as starting materials. The effects of raw materials ratio on the phase transformation and micromorphology of ternary carbide were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum condition for synthesizing Al4SiC4-Al4Si2C5 composites was 2 h sintering at 1900 °C in flowing argon atmosphere. Al4Si2C5, Al, Si and SiC formed when carbon black content was lower than stoichiometric amount. With increasing of carbon black content, the Al and Si content decreased and Al4Si2C5 content increased in the products. Al4SiC4 appeared when stoichiometric amount of carbon black was used, and about 20 mol% excess of carbon black promoted the formation of Al4SiC4.
Preparation of Waterbased Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin and its Application on Para-Aramid Paper
Authors: Qin Yong Sheng , Qiao Yuan Jian , Xu Gui Long , Wang Yi , Hu Jian
Published: January 2014

Waterbased phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was prepared and applied to enhance the mechanical strength of aramid paper in this paper. The water dilution stability of prepared PF resin was studied. The chemical structure and the thermal stability of prepared PF resin were characterized. The comprehensive performances of aramid paper before and after strengthen by PF resin were tested. The Micro-morphology of aramid paper was observed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM0. The results shows that the comprehensive performances of aramid paper were greatly enhanced after being strengthen by PF resin. Its expected that the prepared PF resin has promising application in aramid paper industry.
Microstructure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of In Situ TiB/Ti Composites Prepared by Arc-Melting Technique
Authors: Lu Ji Fang , Zhang Zhao Hui , Wang Fu Chi
Published: January 2014

In this paper, in situ TiB reinforced Ti-3Al, Ti-6Al and Ti-6Al-4V matrix composites were prepared by arc-melting technique utilizing the reaction between Ti and TiB2, and then forged in the α+β phase field. Phase identification was carried out via X-ray diffraction. Microstructure of the composites was studied by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of the composites after forging were measured at various temperatures by tensile experiment. The results showed that Ti-6Al-4V-2TiB composite exhibits fine equiaxed matrix microstructure with a grain size of 5-10μm. The tensile strength and elongation of the composite at room temperature reached 1069MPa and 10.0%, respectively.
Growth Characteristics of Hydride for Aging Treated U-5.5wt.%Nb Alloy
Authors: Ji He Fei , Yang Jiang Rong , Hu Gui Chao , Jiang Chun Li
Published: January 2014

The hydriding behavior of as-quenched U-5.5Nb alloy followed by 400 °C×3h aging treatment has been studied at 100 °C with the hydrogen pressure specially chosen at 1.0 bar. The pitting and initial growth of hydride was in-situ monitored by hot stage microscope. The morphology and positions of hydrides on sample surface were then carefully studied by the laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) which were also applied for investigating the microstructure changes before and after the aging treatment. It is clearly found that the acicular phase all over the metal matrix caused by the 400 °C, 3 hr heat-treatment determined the preferential growth of the hydride in specific directions.
Study on Interfacial Bonding Strength of SiO2/PET Composite Packaging Film
Authors: Ding Ze Liang , Wang Wen Tao , Sun Min , Dong Yun Chao
Published: January 2014

SiO2/PET composite packaging film was prepared by depositing SiO2on PET film substrates through magnetron sputtering technology. The state of SiO2particles and its dispersion properties in PET substrates were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and bonding strength tester. The effects of the sputtering process parameters and intermediate layer on the bonding strength of the coating-substrate system were investigated. Results show that the bonding strength of coating-substrate system firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of sputtering process parameters. It is up to a maximum at the argon flow of 10 mL/min, radio-frequency power of 250 W and sputtering time of 70 min; and it is 0.14 MPa, 0.22 MPa and 0.19 MPa, respectively. The bonding strength of coating-substrate system increases with the increasing background pressure. Meanwhile, we find that the bonding strength of coating-substrate system is improved by depositing A12O3intermediate layer between SiO2film and PET substrates.
Study on Photocatalytic Degradation Performance of Nano Carbon Load WO3 Doping TiO2 Composites
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhu Hui Hui , Lei Kai Chen , Quan Heng
Published: January 2014

WO3doping TiO2composites with nanocarbon are prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal, and the composites are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible light scanning. The photocatalytic degradation effects of different conditions on the direct scarlet 4BS solution has been Investigated. The results show that doped WO3does not change the main structure of TiO2, but affect its crystalline properties. When WO3doping amount is 3.0 mol%, the crystallinity of composite reaches maximum value. The introduction of nanocarbon can improve the crystallinity of composite when the molar ratio of WO3doping is 3.0%, the photocatalytic activity is the highest, nanocarbon as a carrier can increase the photocatalyst adsorption capacity to achieve the objective of improving the photocatalytic efficiency when WO3and nanocarbon doped TiO2, the stability of the composite about catalytic activity is excellent.
The Research of Nafion/PTFE/Inorganic Composite Membrane Used in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Su Dong Yun , Ma Jun , Pu Hai Kun
Published: January 2014

PTFE/Nafion (PN) membranes were fabricated for the application of moderate and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), respectively. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were fabricated by PTFE/Nafion membranes with commercially available low and high temperature gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs).The influence of [ZrOCl2]/[Nafio wt. ratio of Nafion/ZrOCl2 solution on the membrane morphology of NFZrP and PEMFCs performance was investigated. And the influence of hybridizing silicate into the PN membranes on their direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance and methanol crossover was investigated. Silicate in PN membranes causes reduction both in proton conductivity and methanol crossover of membranes. Due to the low conductivity of PTFE and silicate, PNS had a higher proton resistance than Nafion-112.The effects of introducing sub-μm porous PTFE film and ZrP particles into Nafion membranes on the DMFC performance were investigated. The influence of ZrP hybridizing process into NF membranes on the morphology of NFZrP composite membranes and thus on the DMFC performance was also discussed.
Fabrication of Gold Nanoflowers and the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Performance
Authors: Wang Chun Rong , Yan Xian Zai , Yu Lili , Li Jian Dan
Published: January 2014

Gold nanoflowers were simply produced in aqueous solution containing peptides (NH2-Leu-Aib-Trp-Ome) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. HAuCl4 was reduced by peptides. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show flower-like nanoparticles were about 50-100 nm. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction patterns suggest face-centred cubic structures for these gold branched nanoparticles. There are three main stages in the growth of the gold nanoparticles: nanocrystal, aggregated nanoparticle, and flower-like nanostructure. The performance of the gold nanoflowers when used for surface enhanced Raman scattering was explored using crystal violet as the probe, which indicates that the these gold nanoflowers are promising for use as excellent surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates.
Characterization and Synthesis of Additive Coated BaTiO3 Nano-Powder
Authors: Lee Jung Min , Chun Myoung Pyo , Shin Hyo Soon , Kim Byung Ik , Lee Jong Heun
Published: January 2014

Two different BaTiO3 (160nm) nanopowders coated with Y and with Dy were fabricated by an aqueous chemical coating method, and their dielectric properties and microstructures were investigated with X-ray diffraction, Impedance analyzer, SEM and TEM. Y and Dy were coated on the BaTiO3 powder using nitrates. Coated BaTiO3 powders were pressed in a disk shape and sintered at 1150~1200°C for 2 hours in reduced atmosphere of 10%H2 - 90%N2. Coating layer of the BaTiO3 particle was thin with a thickness of 3 ~ 5nm. Coated BaTiO3 sintered sample exhibited a larger lattice parameter (a, c) and smaller tetragonality (c/a) than pure BaTiO3 one. Y coated BaTiO3 sample sintered at 1200°C showed good dielectric properties with a high dielectric constant of around 2000 and a stable temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC).
Research Progress on Preparation Technology of Calcium Sulfate
Authors: Li Guo Bin , Du Meng Meng , Su Yi , Li Hu Ping , Hu Liang
Published: January 2014

Calcium sulfate is an important inorganic chemical products which is widely used in construction, pharmaceutical and food industries. Especially, calcium sulfate whisker with fibrous structure developed in recent years is further used in rubber, coating, plastic, adhesives, textile, papermaking, and many other industries due to its superior performance and characteristics of environmental protection and nontoxic.The paper reviewed the preparation technology of calcium sulfate according to the different raw materials, especially for industrial waste (by-product).
Study on Experiments of Anion Exchange Resin Column for Purification of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Luan Guo Yan , Gao Wei Ping , Yao Ping Jing
Published: January 2014

The technologies of ion exchange resin for ultra pure hydrogen peroxide production are more and more focused.The aim of this research was to select suitable parmeters for effective removal of P ion impurities from the experimetal aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution to produce ultra-pure hydrogen peroxide. Dynamic experiments for the different operation conditions, i.e., initial concentrations, flow rates, ratios of height to diameter were carried out. The concentrations of P anion of the effluent samples from the anion exchange resin column were determined by ICPS-7510.The breakthrough curves of P ion were measured and analyzed. The results showed that P ion could be reduced effectively from the experimetal aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with the fitting conditions of ion exchange resin column, It provided the basis for determining of the suitable operating conditions of ion exchange column of commercial plant.
The Oxidation Behavior of Heavy Oil and Sands
Authors: Hao Qiang Sheng , Ma De Sheng , Zan Cheng , Jiang Hang , Ye Li Juan
Published: January 2014

The objective of this research is to investigate the oxidation behavior of typical extra heavy oil from Xinjiang oil field. TGA/DSC data of both oil and oil sands were obtained. The results indicates that both heavy oil and its sands exhibited similar patterns which can be characterized as three distinctive regions: low temperature oxidation, fuel deposition and high temperature oxidation. Further investigation of oil quartz and man-made sand with different amount of montmorillonite show that the existence of sands and clays enhance the exothermic behavior of oxidation reactions in fuel deposition and high temperature oxidation regions.
The Study of the Influence of Sulfur on the Catalyst Structure in Low Temperature Claus Processes
Authors: Li Jin Jin , Huang Li Ming , He Jin Long
Published: January 2014

The efficiency of 2 samples of alumina catalyst has been studied experimentally in the course of the Claus 'tail gas' treating processes at the sulphur sub-dew point. The process was carded out in a fixed bed reactor. The sulphur produced in the reaction condenses on the solid surface contributing to its deactivation by fouling. Sulphur incorporation into the solid is governed by internal diffusion of the reactants in microdomains of the porous network, the factors affecting the latter being of capital importance in the occupation degree of the solid. The textural characteristics of the catalysts supports were studied by porosimetric techniques: nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and mercury intrusion. The surface morphology of catalyst and sulfur distribution on catalyst before and after adsorption is determined by SEM-EDX. The results show that, there has some relevance between the surface change and pore volume change. And in the low temperature Claus sulfur recovery catalyst, pore volume should be mor important than the surface area.
Flame Retardant Properties of Viscose Fibers Containing Talcum Powder
Authors: Li Chun Xia , Ji Quan , Song Cui Cui , Quan Feng Yu , Xia Yan Zhi
Published: January 2014

Cellulose-insoluble silicate (talcum powder) hybrid fibers with 10%, 20%, 30% silica contents were prepared by wet spinning. The flammabilities and combustion processes were evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry. The LOI results suggested that the hybrid fibers were flame retandant with the LOI value of 22, 25 and 27, as compared to 20 of pure cellulose fibers. Cone calorimetry showed that the rate of heat release value and total heat release value of hybrid fibers decreased. Hybrid fibers with 20% SiO2 loading is the best flame retardant sample. SEM studies of residues after cone calorimetry indicated that the hybrid fibers produced tight and hard residue crusts.
Analysis of Certain Phenomena in Tussah Silk Dye-Free Coloration
Authors: Shi Hui Bei , Cui Yong Zhu , Ye Fang , Wang Xiao , Lv Li Hua
Published: January 2014

Different color tussah fabric was got applied by dye-free coloration technology. When tussah fabric was treated with p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, red tussah fabric was obtained by coloration directly and two-step for deeper color, and brown color fabric was shown in one-bath coloration. In this paper, some phenomena showing in different processes of dye-free colorations was analyzed.
Preparation and Characterization of La2Ti2O7:Pr3+-Coated Pearlescent Pigment with Fluorescent
Authors: Zhou Wei Ming , Chen Qing Hua , Ke Mei Zhen , Wu Nan , Qian Qing Rong , Zhang Hua Ji , Yuan Zhan Hui , Huang Bao Quan
Published: January 2014

The La2Ti2O7:Pr3+-coated fluorescent pearlescent pigment (FPP) was prepared as follows: preparation of TiO2-mica pearlescent pigment; subsequently coated with lanthanum hydroxide and praseodymium hydroxide; finally treated with high-temperature annealing to form La2Ti2O7:Pr3+. The obtained samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pan-automatic chromatis-meter, laser particle size analyzer, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and emission (PL). It is shown that the surfaces of FPP are homogeneous, dense and smooth when pH = 8.0. Moreover, the color shifts to a green-yellow hue for FPP compare with TiO2-mica pearlescent pigment. Besides, strong blue emission at 504 nm and red emission at 605 nm are observed on FPP.
Study on the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Reactive Brilliant Blue X-BR with Lanthanum-Modified ZnO-TiO2
Authors: Zhu Lei , Xiao Yang Fan , Wang Xun
Published: January 2014

The sol-gel method is adopted in this study to prepare the TiO2-composite semiconductor materials doped with ZnO, whose crystal structures are characterized by way of X-ray diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It is concluded that the optimal doping amounts of Zn and lanthanum and the calcination temperature are respectively 3%, 0.3% and 500°C. Mixed with water, the photocatalytic oxidation effects of reactive brilliant blue X-BR, taken as the degradation target, was investigated in this study. When the doping amount of lanthanum is 0.3%, the chroma removal rate of the reactive brilliant blue X-BR by lanthanum-modified ZnO-TiO2 can reach 97.3%. The conditions for optimal decolorization rate are: under ultraviolet light for 2h, using the 100mg / L reactive dyes, controlling pH at about 1 and the chloride concentration at 1mol / L.
Synthesis and Properties of Composite Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Chesnokova Alexandra N. , Lebedeva Oksana V. , Pozhidaev Yury N. , Ivanov Nikolay A. , Rzhechitskii Alexander E.
Published: January 2014

The paper is devoted to the sol-gel synthesis of proton conductive organic-silicon composite membranes based on tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and copolymers of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine and vinyl chloride (MVP-VC), 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine and vinyl acetate (MVP-VA), copolymers of ethylene glycol vinyl glycidyl ether and styrene (KS-1 and KS-2), and nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic derivatives of sulfonic acids: 2-phenyl-5-benzimidazolsulfonic acid (PBISA) and pyridine-3-sulfonic acid (PSA). Properties of synthesized membranes, such as proton conductivity, activation energy, ion exchange capacity, dimensional stability have been investigated.
UV Protection Property of Colorant from Lac for Silk Fabric Dyeing by Cold Pad-Batch: The Influence of Metal Mordants Concentration
Authors: Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol , Rungruangkitkrai Nattadon , Tubtimthai Nitaya , Sasivatchutikool Nuttanan
Published: January 2014

In the present study, natural dye from lac dye and various metallic salts have been used to identify the proper dyeing condition for attaining high quality natural dyeing along with imparting UV protection property to the dyed silk fabric. Silk fabrics dyed with lac extract showed a light pink shade, while those dyed with alum and stannous chloride pinkish-red colour. Silk substrates dyed with CuSO4gave a purple red colour, while those dyed with FeSO4had a reddish-gray colour. The fastness properties ranged from fair to good, while washing fastness was poor level. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) values of silk fabric dyed with and without metal mordants ranged between very good and excellent for the silk fabric.
Effect of Latent Heat Related to Solidification Kinetics on Heat Transfer during Solidification of Al Alloy
Authors: Lee Seok Jae
Published: January 2014

The effect of the latent heat related to the rate of the solidification kinetics during solidification was investigated by using the heat transfer simulation. The latent heat was generated proportional to the amount of the fraction of transformed solid phase and directly affected the temperature compensation during solidification. The importance of the solidification kinetics was discussed by comparing cooling curves calculated using different solidification kinetics with experimentally measured cooling curve of A356 alloy.
Effect of Ozone Application to Microbial Contaminated Samples of In-Use Metalworking Fluids
Authors: Gerulova Kristina , Tatarka Ondrej , Stefko Tomas , Szabova Zuzana , Fiala Jozef
Published: January 2014

Metalworking fluids are prone to bacterial contamination during the operational time. They are unwanted due their impact on the quality of the fluid, health impact of the microbial toxins, pathogens and degradation products of fluid. Typically bacteria are eliminating by the adding of biocides, which could be also harmless to operators health. Ozone is used as a sterilizing agent in many industrial applications, mostly in water disinfection. Wide varieties of microorganisms can be treated by the ozone. Ozone, a powerful disinfectant, is very efficient to inactivate resistant microorganisms under low concentration and short contact time. We studied the application of ozone to sterilize two types of metalworking fluids (synthetic and emulsion) with avoiding of oxidation power of ·OH radicals which are generated during ozonation process.
Effect of the Electrode Shape on Properties of GaN-Based LED Chips
Authors: Kuang Hai , He Shi An , Luo Ying , Zhang Xiang Qing , Xiong Zhi Hua
Published: January 2014

Before cutting into a single chip, we have tested LED chip with different electrode that is produced under the same condition. With drive current changes, comparing the intensity of light emission of LED chip and operating voltage about the two samples. The conclusion shows that the shape of electrode makes influence on the performance of LED, and the performance of circular electrode with angle is better. The result demonstrates that the better electrode structure of LED chip can improve its performance.
Morphological and Compositional Changes in the SiO2/SiC Interfacial Layer Induced by Thermal Annealing of Different Temperature
Authors: Zhong Zhi Qin , Zheng Lu Da , Wang Shu Ya , Dai Li Ping , Zhang Guo Jun
Published: January 2014

The authors have systematically investigated the effects of different annealing temperatures in Ar atmosphere on the SiO2/4H-SiC interfaces by scan electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Results show that the annealing temperatures are strongly correlated with the morphological and compositional changes of SiO2/4H-SiC interface. Annealing at 600 °C can significantly improve the quality of SiO2/4H-SiC interface. However, the sample annealed at 350 °C and 900 °C displays some particles. The reason for such improvement in the quality of the SiO2/4H-SiC interface after moderate temperature annealing at 600 °C can be explained by the formation and consumption of carbon clusters and silicon oxycarbides during annealing.
Study on Microwave Curing and Mechanical Properties Quartz/UPR Composites
Authors: Kong Xiang Wen , Yin Zhuo , Wang Ji Hui
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a feasibility of microwave curing for SiO2/UPR composites. Experimental results show that the curing time by microwave curing is shorter than that of heat curing. Compared with the heat cured samples, the mechanical properties and infrared structure of the samples cured by microwave is constant. Research shows that microwave curing is efficient that for SiO2/UPR composites.
The Creep Properties of Materials and Finite Element Method
Authors: Chen Hong Jiang
Published: January 2014

Creep material forms are prevalent in many areas, but also directly affect the use of state and life system, how to analyze the creep properties of materials is crucial to the performance of the system. This paper introduces the creep properties of materials under certain temperature factor equation and finite element method is used to analyze the.
The Microstructure and Rheological Properties of the Crosslinked Polymer Microspheres
Authors: Chen Hai Ling , Zheng Xiao Yu , Li Xian Jie , Wei Qian Qian , Jiang Qing Zhe
Published: January 2014

The method to analysis the rheological property of the crosslinked polymer microspheres is presented in this paper. The flow curves and hysteresis loop areas of different swelling time and different mass concentrations of microspheres gotten. Through the above experimental data, the flow pattern and the time-dependent property are judged. Combined with the environmental scanning electron microscope images of microspheres, we can draw the conclusion that the concentration has obvious effects on the rheological property of the microspheres.
Bio-Synthesis of GABA by Streptococcus thermophilus QYW-LYS1 Isolated from Traditional Fermented Yoghurt
Authors: Liu Han , Zhang Jie , Yang Wen Qin , Liu Zhen Yan , Chen Xue , Guo Hao , Liu Bai Yang , Zang Chuan Gang , Liu Yu Chao , Liu Ji Cheng , Guan Hong
Published: January 2014

Thirteen strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the local traditional fermented yoghurt. One of them showed the highest GABA-producing ability in MRS broth with 1% L-glutamate. The strain was identified Streptococcus thermophilus QYW-LYS1 based on morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence determination. The single factor design was applied to optimize culture conditions. The optimal initial cell density, temperature and reaction time were 0.2OD·mL-1, 34°C and 72h respectively. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the production of GABA was 2.905g/L.The result may contribute to the development of traditional fermented dairy product with functional properties.
Comparison of the Effect of Sterilization Pretreatment Using Four Different Bacteriostatic Agents on the Quality of Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Wei Ya , Zhao Yong Qiang , Hao Shu Xian , Yang Xian Qing , Huang Hui , Lin Wan Ling , Yang Xian Qing
Published: January 2014

Four different bacteriostatic agents H2O2, NaClO, ClO2, and ozone water (O3) were used to the sterilization pretreatment of fresh muscle ofpenaeus vannamei. The bactericidal effect of these bacteriostatic agents were evaluated by aerobic bacterial count method, sensory evaluation and chromatic aberration analysis. The results showed that the optimum pretreatment concentrations of sterilization pretreatment by H2O2, NaClO, ClO2and ozone water (O3) were 3.0 g/kg, 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg respectively. The optimum pretreatment time of sterilization pretreatment by H2O2, NaClO, ClO2and ozone water (O3) were 60 s, 300 s, 300 s and 300 s respectively. Furthermore, the bactericidal coefficients of sterilization pretreatment by H2O2, NaClO, ClO2and ozone water (O3) were 91.6%, 95.1%, 92.3% and 99.6% respectively. The effects of color and flavor of fresh muscle treated by these four bacteriostatic agents were compared. The results showed that the color and flavor of fresh muscle was less effected by ozone water (O3) method used for sterilization pretreatment method than other three methods. The total number of bacterial colony of sample treated 600 s by 1.0 mg/kg of ozone water (O3) method was reduced to 3.4 lgCFU/g, and the advantages of this method are significant sterilization effect as well as the low influences of color and sensory quality.
Effect of Complex Food Environment on Production of Enteriocin IN 3531 with Enterococcus faecium IN3531 as a Starter in Chinese Fermentation Paocai Making
Authors: Liu Wen Li , Zhang Lan Wei , Shi John , Yi Hua Xi
Published: January 2014

Enterococcus faeciumIN3531 has beensuccessfully confirmed to have no disease-causing factors and antibioticresistance and it had been confirmed that the ability to produce bacteiocins inMRS. In this study, the effects of the complex food environment in Chinese fermentationpaocai making on Enteriocin IN3531 production were studied. It was concludedthat the complex food environment didn’t thoroughly interferes with bacteriocinproduction levels. Results obtained showed that the suitable fermentationconditions for enterocin IN3531 production in Chinese fermentation paocai makingusingEnterococcus faeciumIN3531 asa starter were the initial salt concentration of 2%, the inoculum size of 3%,the fermentation temperature of 35 °C, the ratio of material to liquid of 30%, fermentationtime of 108 hours.
Effects of Huachansu Parenteral Emulsion on Immune Function in Mice
Authors: Liang Xin , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2014

AimTo evaluate the effect of Huachansu Parenteral Emulsion on immune function in mice.MethodsClearance of charcoal particles and Serum hemolysin test was used to evaluate the immune function of the drug.RESULTSHuachansu Parenteral Emulsion (0.04mg/kg, i.v.) and Lentinan for Injection (0.02mg/kg, i.v.) remarkable enhanced the clearance rate K, clearance index α. Huachansu Parenteral Emulsion (0.04mg/kg 0.06mg/kg, i.v.) and Lentinan for Injection (0.02mg/kg, i.v.) remarkable enhanced serum hemolysin level on Cyclophosphamide for injection (Cy)-induced immunodeficiencies in mice, but had no effect in normal mice.
Extract of Housefly (Musca domestica) Maggot Anti-Inflammatory Parts could Regulate the Proliferation and Migration of TNF-α- Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Chu Fu Jiang , Ma Hong Yan , Jin Xiao Bao , Zhu Jia Yong
Published: January 2014

House fly maggot, Musca domestica (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae) is one of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In our earlier studies, the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic functions of the housefly maggot have been found and also the anti-inflammatory effective parts have been acquired. In this study, the effect of housefly maggot anti-inflammatory parts on proliferation and migration of TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were investigated. And the results showed that the proliferation index and the migration rates of HUVEC which stimulated by TNF-α were decreased significantly in housefly maggot anti-inflammatory parts treatment group. And also the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was decreased too compared with only TNF-α treatment group. Based on the above, the housefly maggot anti-inflammatory parts could regulate the endothelial cell dysfunction through decreasing cell proliferation and migration and a reduction in VEGF expression might plays a key role in this process.
Optimization of Operation Parameters of Dry Anaerobic Co-Digestion from Animal Manure and Straw in a Batch Reactor
Authors: Shi Li Jun , Liu Wen Lan , Liu Hui Fen , Zhang Wei Yu
Published: January 2014

Dry anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Startup characteristics and biogas production perform of dry digestion were studied, and the effect of operation temperature and incubation amount on dry digestion was also investigated. The study result showed that under the conditions of C/N=25-30, TS=20% and T=(36±1)°C,dry digestion can start up quickly with acclimated thickening sludge as incubation sludge. Compared to dry digestion of chicken manure and pig manure, dry digestion of cow manure proceeded steadily with high biogas yield. It is found that incubation is necessary in the process of dry digestion and biogas yield increases with more incubation amount. The appreciate incubation ratio is about 10%. Temperature change has apparent effect on biogas production, and it is suggested that mesophilic temperature should be chosen in the scaled project of dry digestion.
Prokaryotic Expression and Identification on the ag85a and mpb70 Fusion Gene of Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Chun Fang , Ma Hong Xia , Gao Yun Hang , Guan Jia Ning , Lin Jia Ming , Luo Bao Feng , Ai Bing , Jiang Xiu Yun
Published: January 2014

Based on splicing by overlapping extension (SOE) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ,theag85aandmpb70were amplified and the fusion gene ag85a-mpb70 were cloned into pMD18-T vector, and then we got the recombinant plasmid pMD-85a-70. pMD-85a-70 and pET28a (+) were digested byBamHI andEcoRI double enzymes. The purified ag85a-mpb70 fusion gene was subcloned into the expression vector pET28a (+),and the prokaryotic expression vector pET-85a-70 was constructed. Plasmid containing pET-85a-70 was transformed into competenceEscherichia coliBL21(DE3).The bacterium was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), approximately 49 kDa fusion protein was observed on the SDS-PAGE. The protein was analyzed by using Western-blotting. The results indicated that Ag85A-MPB70 was of antigenic activity ofMycobacterium bovis. These results could serve as a basis for further studies on the usefulness of the fusion gene and its expression product in the development of novel vaccine against bovine tuberculosis.
Regression Analysis between Ash Content and Ultimate Analysis Indexes for Bio-Fuels from the Biomass Power Plant
Authors: Fu Zheng Hui , Wang Bing , Sun Guan Zhong , Li Wei , Liu Lei
Published: January 2014

Woody biomass fuel from the biomass power plant was used as the test sample, of which ash content and C, H and O contents were measuredin this paper.To quantitative analysis the correlation between the woody bio-fuel ash contents and ultimate analysisindexes, the multivariate linear regression and error analysis methods were employed. In the developed regressionmodel, the ash content was recognized as the dependent variable and the contents of C, H and O are recognized as independent variables. Themodel result shows that the ash content of woody biomass has the significant negative correlation relationship with the contents of C, H and O elements.Moreover, the model prediction result also indicates that the prediction error would be minor if the ash content and C, H and O contentsare in the appropriate ranges which are defined by the proposed regression model.
Simultaneous Separation and Determination of Aconitine Compounds in Radix aconiti praeparata by High Performance Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: Gao Su Ya , Wang Li , Zhang Yun , Li Hua
Published: January 2014

A simple and inexpensive high performance capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was applied to separate and determine three alkaloids in Radix Aconiti Praeparata simultaneously. The optimized conditions for separation were obtained using 20 mmol/L borax buffer (pH 9.0) containing 2 mmol/L beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 20% methanol. Online UV detection was performed at 235 nm. A voltage of 16 kV was carried at 25°C. Injection was performed at 0.5psi for 10 s. The separation and determination were satisfactory and quick.
Stability and Toxicology of the Controlled-Release Tablets of Sasanquasaponin-Casein
Authors: Liu Xiao Zhou , Liu Xiao Zhen , Lai Zhong Fang , Song Yue Xing , Zhai Cheng Min
Published: January 2014

The light stability, wet stability and thermal stability of the controlled-release tablets of sasanquasaponin (SQS)-casein were studied, respectively. The median lethal dose of SQS and the controlled-release tablets of SQS-casein were studied respectively. After strong light illumination the controlled-release tablets of SQS-casein for 5 days and 10 days respectively and placement the controlled-release tablets of SQS-casein for 5 days and 10 days respectively in humidity being 75±5, respectively, the release rates of the controlled-release tablets of SQS-casein meet the requirements of United States Pharmacopoeia, and the controlled-release tablets of of SQS-casein release SQS by slowness and constant in 12h. When humidity were 90±5% , the release rates of the controlled-release tablets of SQS-casein meet the requirements, but the controlled-release tablets of of SQS-casein do not release SQS by constant in 12h. When temperature were 40±2°C and 60±2°C respectively, the release rates of the controlled-release tablets of SQS-casein does not meet the requirements. The anti-high temperature and moistureproof measures are required in production, packaging, transpor-tation and storage of the controlled-release tablets of SQS-casein. The toxicity of the controlled-release tablets of SQS-casein are much lower than that of SQS.
The Application of PCR-DGGE Technique in Sheep Intestinal Microbial Diversity Research
Authors: Yuan Sen , Xie Yuan Hong , Zhang Hong Xing , Lian Zheng Xing , Han Hong Bing , Liu Hui
Published: January 2014

To identify the intestinal microflora diversity of transgenic sheep and non-transgenic one with overexpression of foreign antiviral gene (VP1 & SB-SW), DNA of total bacteria were extracted from 16 sheep fecal samples (4 non-transgenic sheep, 6 VP1 transgenic sheep and 6 SB-SW transgenic sheep). And then PCR amplification with bacterial universal primers of V3 variable region of 16S rRNA were taken to get the fingerprint profile by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technology. The results showed that the DGGE profiles of the 16 fecal samples were highly polymorphic. The number of DGGE bands, considered indicative of the total species richness, did not vary predictably among the three different samples. The DNA sequences were analyzed and the dominant bacteria in sheep fecal were found to beBacteroides,Clostridium, andRuminococcus.Specially, non-transgenic sheep had moreAlistipesfinegoldiiandClostridium lentocellum, transgenic sheep with VP1 had moreClostridiumdrakeiandClostridium populetiand transgenic sheep with SB-SW had moreBarnesiellaintestinihominisandClostridium ljungdahlii. So the PCR-DGGE technique can be applied to evaluate genetically modified (GM) animal potential risks to the environment.
The Effects of Floating Granulosa Cells Density on the Developmental Competence of Bovine Oocytes: A Study Using the Well-in-Well Culture System
Authors: Feng Wei Guo , Ren Chun E , Pan Zhi Fang
Published: January 2014

In this study, we succeed to establish the well in the well (WIW) culture system. Using this system we studied the effect of floating granulosa cells density on oocyte developmental competence. Results: Apoptosis rate of the floating cells were high (73.576.3%) and did not differ (P > 0.05) among follicles of different sizes. Hatching rates of blastocysts did not differ (P > 0.05) between oocytes cultured in the WIW system (13.3%) and those cultured in the group system (16.3%). In 4-8mm follicles, oocyte developmental competence is higher (P < 0.05) in follicles with 1030×105/mL floating cells than in follicles with < 10 or >30%×105/mL floating cells.
Determination of Picogram Levels of Levodopa in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biofluids by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence
Authors: Zhang Yun , Gao Su Ya
Published: January 2014

An ultrasensitive method for determination of L-dopa at picogram levels by flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) as presented for the first time, based on the quenching effect of levodopa (L-dopa) on the luminol-lysozyme reaction. It was found that the decrement of CL intensity was linearly proportional to the logarithm of L-dopa concentration ranging from 3.0 to 7.0 × 103pg mL-1(R= 0.9967), with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 pg mL-1(3σ). The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of L-dopa in pharmaceutical preparations, human saliva, serum, and urine samples with the recoveries ranging from 96.7% to 104.3% and RSDs less than 4.0% (n= 5).
Preparation of 4,6-Trichloromethyl-2-(p-Acetobiphenyl)-1,3,5-Triazine
Authors: Zhang Yue , Song Hai Wen , Liu Ting Ting , Du Man , Xu Shi Xia , Li Wei Ling
Published: January 2014

Triazine Compound has many Potential Applications in Industries. in this Paper, a Convenient and Efficient Method for Preparation of 4,6-Trichloromethyl-2-(p-Acetobiphenyl)- 1,3,5-Triazine (compound 1) was Provided by Oxidition of 4,6-Trichloromethyl-2-(p-Ethylbiphenyl)- 1,3,5-Triazine (compound 4). Compound 4 was Prepared by Reacting 4-Cyano-4-Ethylbiphenyl with Trichloroacetonitrile.
Startup of Seawater Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Reactor
Authors: Wang Jing , Hao Jian An , Zhang Ai Jun , Yang Bo , Jiang Tian Xiang , Zhang Xiu Zhi , Zhang Xiao Qing , Zhang Yu Shan
Published: January 2014

Muds and water samples collected from the Bohai Sea were selected to build seawater anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor. The reaction volume was 18 L. The startup of reactor was divided into two stages. The first stage lasted five months and hydraulic retention time was 18L/7 d. The second stage lasted a month and hydraulic retention time was 18L/14 d. Ammonia and nitrite of influent and effluent were monitored. During the first stage, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was around 50% and the nitrite nitrogen increased by 50%. During the second stage, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reached more than 75% and the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen reached more than 90%. The removal ratio of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was about 1:1.17. These results suggested reactor start-up successful. Microbial community in reactor was monitored by polymerase chain reaction. Once the reactor started, specific bands of anaerobic ammonia oxidation microorganisms were found.
Effect of Ionic Liquid Pretreatment on the Structure and Enzymatic Saccharification of Cassava Stillage Residues
Authors: Cui Li Hong , Wang Meng , Li Ji Hua , Wang Qing Huang
Published: January 2014

Cassava stillage residue (CSR), the solid wastes generated from cassava-based bio-ethanol production, can be used to produce ethanol because of its high contents of cellulose. This study has focused on the pretreatment of CSR using the ionic liquid (IL) of 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl). The changes in surface morphology, particle size and functional groups of pretreated CSR were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser diffraction instrument and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that [Bmim]Cl pretreatment could significantly damage the structure of cassava cellulose and increase the enzymatic saccharification rate.