bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Variability of Suspended Particulate Matter in a High-Arctic Estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) Using Sentinel-2 Time-Series
Authors: Walch Daniela M. R. , Singh Rakesh K. , Søreide Janne E. , Lantuit Hugues , Poste Amanda
Published: June 2022

Arctic coasts, which feature land-ocean transport of freshwater, sediments, and other terrestrial material, are impacted by climate change, including increased temperatures, melting glaciers, changes in precipitation and runoff. These trends are assumed to affect productivity in fjordic estuaries. However, the spatial extent and temporal variation of the freshwater-driven darkening of fjords remain unresolved. The present study illustrates the spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Adventfjorden estuary, Svalbard, using in-situ field campaigns and ocean colour remote sensing (OCRS) via high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery. To compute SPM concentration (CSPMsat), a semi-analytical algorithm was regionally calibrated using local in-situ data, which improved the accuracy of satellite-derived SPM concentration by ~20% (MRD). Analysis of SPM concentration for two consecutive years (2019, 2020) revealed strong seasonality of SPM in Adventfjorden. Highest estimated SPM concentrations and river plume extent (% of fjord with CSPMsat > 30 mg L−1) occurred during June, July, and August. Concurrently, we observed a strong relationship between river plume extent and average air temperature over the 24 h prior to the observation (R2 = 0.69). Considering predicted changes to environmental conditions in the Arctic region, this study highlights the importance of the rapidly changing environmental parameters and the significance of remote sensing in analysing fluxes in light attenuating particles, especially in the coastal Arctic Ocean.
GNSS-R Soil Moisture Retrieval for Flat Vegetated Surfaces Using a Physics-Based Bistatic Scattering Model and Hybrid Global/Local Optimization
Authors: Azemati Amir , Melebari Amer , Campbell James D. , Walker Jeffrey P. , Moghaddam Mahta
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a soil moisture retrieval scheme from Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) over land. The proposed inversion method consists of a hybrid global and local optimization method and a physics-based bistatic scattering forward model. The forward model was developed for bare-to-densely vegetated terrains, and it predicts the circularly polarized bistatic radar cross section DDM of the land surface. This method was tested on both simulated DDMs and CYGNSS DDMs over the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Yanco core validation site in Australia. About 250 CYGNSS DDMs from 2019 and 2020 over the Yanco site were used for validation. The simulated DDMs were for grassland and forest vegetation types. The vegetation type of the Yanco validation site was grassland. The vegetation water content (VWC) was 0.19 kgm−2 and 4.89 kgm−2 for the grassland and forest terrains, respectively. For the case when the surface roughness is known to the algorithm, the unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE) of soil moisture estimates was less than 0.03 m3m−3 while it was approximately 0.06 m3m−3 and 0.09 m3m−3 for the validation results from 2019 and 2020, respectively. The retrieval algorithm generally had enhanced performance for smaller values of soil moisture. For the case when both the soil moisture and surface roughness are unknown to the algorithm and only a single DDM is used for retrieval, the validation results showed an expected reduced performance, with an an ubRMSE of less than 0.12 m3m−3.
Mapping a European Spruce Bark Beetle Outbreak Using Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Dalponte Michele , Solano-Correa Yady Tatiana , Frizzera Lorenzo , Gianelle Damiano
Published: June 2022

Insect outbreaks affect forests, causing the deaths of trees and high economic loss. In this study, we explored the detection of European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus, L.) outbreaks at the individual tree crown level using multispectral satellite images. Moreover, we explored the possibility of tracking the progression of the outbreak over time using multitemporal data. Sentinel-2 data acquired during the summer of 2020 over a bark beetle–infested area in the Italian Alps were used for the mapping and tracking over time, while airborne lidar data were used to automatically detect the individual tree crowns and to classify tree species. Mapping and tracking of the outbreak were carried out using a support vector machine classifier with input vegetation indices extracted from the multispectral data. The results showed that it was possible to detect two stages of the outbreak (i.e., early, and late) with an overall accuracy of 83.4%. Moreover, we showed how it is technically possible to track the evolution of the outbreak in an almost bi-weekly period at the level of the individual tree crowns. The outcomes of this paper are useful from both a management and ecological perspective: it allows forest managers to map a bark beetle outbreak at different stages with a high spatial accuracy, and the maps describing the evolution of the outbreak could be used in further studies related to the behavior of bark beetles.
Investigating Phases of Thermal Unrest at Ambrym (Vanuatu) Volcano through the Normalized Hot Spot Indices Tool and the Integration with the MIROVA System
Authors: Marchese Francesco , Coppola Diego , Falconieri Alfredo , Genzano Nicola , Pergola Nicola
Published: June 2022

Ambrym is an active volcanic island, located in the Vanuatu archipelago, consisting of a 12 km-wide summit caldera. This open vent volcano is characterized by an almost persistent degassing activity which occurs in the Benbow and Marum craters, which were also the site of recent lava lakes. On 15 December 2018, about three years after an intense lava effusion, the first recorded since 1989, a small-scale intra-caldera fissure eruption occurred. On 16 December, the eruption stopped, and the lava lakes at the Benbow and Marum craters were drained. In this work, we investigated the thermal activity of the Ambrym volcano, before, during, and after the 15 December 2018 eruption, using daytime Sentinel-2 (S2) Multispectral Instruments (MSI) and Landsat-8 (L8) Operational Land Imager (OLI) data, at a mid-high spatial resolution. The results were integrated with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations. Outputs of the Normalized Hotspot Indices (NHI) tool, retrieved from S2-MSI and L8-OLI data, show that the thermal activity at the Ambrym craters increased about three weeks before the 15 December 2018 lava effusion. This information is consistent with the estimates of volcanic radiative power (VRP), which were performed by the Middle Infrared Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) system, by analyzing the nighttime MODIS data. The latter revealed a significant increase of VRP, with values above 700 MW at the end of the October–November 2018 period. Moreover, the drastic reduction of thermal emissions at the craters, marked by the NHI tool since the day of the fissure eruption, is consistent with the drop in the lava lake level that was independently suggested in a previous study. These results demonstrate that the S2-MSI and L8-OLI time series, combined with infrared MODIS observations, may contribute to detecting increasing trends in lava lake activity, which may precede effusive eruptions at the open vent volcanoes. This study addresses some challenging scenarios regarding the definition of possible threshold levels (e.g., in terms of VRP and total Short Wave Infrared radiance) from the NHI and MIROVA datasets, which could require special attention from local authorities in terms of the occurrence of possible future eruptions.
Initial Tropospheric Wind Observations by Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar
Authors: Zhang Ning , Yue Xinan , Ding Feng , Ning Baiqi , Wang Junyi , Luo Junhao , Wang Yonghui , Li Mingyuan , Cai Yihui
Published: June 2022

Sanya incoherent scatter radar (SYISR) is a newly developed phased array incoherent scatter radar in the low latitudes of China located at Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E), Hainan Province. The main objective of SYISR is to observe the ionosphere. Given its frequency and power, it should have the capability to observe the troposphere. In this study, we show several tropospheric wind experiments that may indicate radar function expansion and capability verification, although observing the troposphere will not be an operation mode in the future. Reliable radar echoes were detected by SYISR up to 20 km with a turbulence scale of 0.35 m and a frequency of 430 MHz. Generally, both the geometric (GEO) method and the velocity azimuth display (VAD) method give similar wind profiles. Above 10 km, the discrepancy between the two methods becomes nonnegligible. For the same method, the discrepancy above 15–20 km among winds derived from different zenith angle measurements is nonnegligible. The VAD methods give more reasonable results at higher altitudes. The standard deviation of the difference (SYISR radar minus the reanalysis data ERA5) for zonal wind and meridional wind was 1.1 m/s and 0.78 m/s, respectively. During rainfall, we can distinguish the spectrum of rainfall and atmospheric turbulence from the power spectrum according to the spectral widths and Doppler frequency shifts.
Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services: Psychometric Properties among Adolescents
Authors: Brás Marta , Cunha Ana Margarida , Carmo Cláudia , Nunes Cristina
Published: June 2022

Mental health is an essential element of wellness; however, some populations are more vulnerable to mental health problems. Suicide is the second-highest cause of death in young people and help-seeking unwillingness is a significant obstacle to mental health interventions. Young people are especially reluctant to seek help and negative attitudes stand out as help-seeking barriers, highlighting the importance of evaluating these constructs. The Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS) is a measure that evaluates help-seeking attitudes; nevertheless, it lacks applicability in Portuguese youth. This study aims to explore the psychometric characteristics of the IASMHS in 750 Portuguese adolescents (52.3% female, Mage = 14.67), through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability and validity analyses. Results suggest that a three-factor structure was adequate, those factors being help-seeking propensity, indifference to stigma, and psychological openness. The IASMHS was shortened to 20 items and revealed satisfactory properties regarding internal consistency, convergent/discriminant validity, and temporal stability. These findings validate the IASMHS as an adequate tool in the assessment of young people’s help-seeking attitudes.
Influence of Digital Transformation Capability on Operational Performance
Authors: Yu Jiatong , Wang Jiajue , Moon Taesoo
Published: June 2022

With the changes in market environments and the development of digital technology, enterprises urgently need to develop the capability to adapt to profound changes in strategy and business processes. Some previous research regarded a digital marketing capability as a digital transformation capability, but other research explained the importance of digital competence to enterprises, from the perspective of resource allocation. However, they could not explain the phenomenon of enterprises on the usage of advanced digital technology to build the capability to refresh or replace the business model and the value creation process. This study constructed the dimensions of a digital transformation capability that contains three hub-factors (sensing, organizing, and restructuring) under the dynamic capability theory. This study collected 162 sets of enterprise data through a survey, and investigated the relationships of an enterprise’s strategy orientation, digital transformation capability, and operational performance by using SPSS and SmartPLS 3. The results show that strategic orientation has a positive impact on a digital transformation capability, and that digital transformation capability has a positive impact on operational performance. In addition, the digital transformation capability plays a mediating role between strategic orientation and operational performance. Doubtlessly, enterprises need to focus on building their own digital transformation capabilities to create new enterprise value. A digital transformation capability will encourage enterprises to integrate their business processes and routines through digital technology to achieve a competitive advantage.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Vegetation Indices and Heat Island Effect: A Remote Sensing Study of Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Sresto Mizbah Ahmed , Morshed Md. Manjur , Siddika Sharmin , Almohamad Hussein , Al-Mutiry Motrih , Abdo Hazem Ghassan
Published: June 2022

It is predicted that the COVID-19 lockdown decreased environmental pollutants and, hence, urban heat island. Using the hypothesis as a guide, the objective of this research is to observe the change in vegetation pattern and heat-island effect zones in Dhaka, Bangladesh, before and after COVID-19 lockdown in relation to different forms of land use and land cover. Landsat-8 images were gathered to determine the vegetation pattern and the heat island zones. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI12) were derived for analyzing the vegetation pattern. According to the results of the NDVI, after one month of lockdown, the health of the vegetation improved. In the context of the MSAVI12, the highest MSAVI12 coverages in March of 2019, 2020, and 2021 (0.45 to 0.70) were 22.15%, 21.8%, and 20.4%, respectively. In May 2019, 2020, and 2021, dense MSAVI12 values accounted for 23.8%, 25.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. At the beginning of lockdown, the calculated LST for March 2020 was higher than March 2019 and March 2021. However, after more than a month of lockdown, the LST reduced (in May 2020). After the lockdown in May 2020, the highest UHI values ranging from 3.80 to 5.00 covered smaller land-cover regions and reduced from 22.5% to 19.13%. After the end of the lockdown period, however, industries, markets, and transportation resumed, resulting in the expansion of heat island zones. In conclusion, strong negative correlations were observed between the LST and vegetation indices. The methodology of this research has potential for scholarly and practical implications. Secondly, urban policymakers can use the methodology of this paper for the low-cost monitoring of urban heat island zones, and thus take appropriate spatial counter measures.
COVID-19 in US Economy: Structural Analysis and Policy Proposals
Authors: Apostolopoulos Nikolaos , Liargovas Panagiotis , Rodousakis Nikolaos , Soklis George
Published: June 2022

Based on an input–output framework, this paper analyses the intersectoral structure of the US economy and estimates the COVID-19 multiplier effects on this economy. For this purpose we employ a model of matrix multipliers—which, except for the technical conditions of production, also considers imports, income distribution, savings, and consumption patterns—using data from the input–output table of the US economy for the year 2015, i.e., the latest available data at the time of this research (a few months after the US presidential election). Furthermore, we detect the key commodities that are considered appropriate for implementing economic policies in the short term, i.e., for boosting growth and job creation, as well as the commodities that are suitable for long-term, structural policies. Our findings suggest that short-term policies for a direct recovery after COVID-19 should be based on public consumption expenditures and investments as well as through exports. It is also shown that there is a great variety of short-term and long-term policies that can be adjusted according to the challenges of the US economy. Finally, for reasons of completeness, we estimate the impact of the main plans of the American president’s policy program, i.e., the “American Jobs Plan and the American Families Plan”, and we show that both plans would cumulatively increase the US output by about USD 6.07 trillion over the next ten years, not only helping the US economy recover from the COVID-19 shock but also ensuring macroeconomic stability and social cohesion.
Social Influence and Meat-Eating Behaviour
Authors: Ge Jiaqi , Scalco Andrea , Craig Tony
Published: June 2022

In recent years, interest in non-meat diets has been growing at an exponential rate in many countries. There is a wide consensus now that increased meat consumption is linked to higher health risks and environmental impact. Yet humans are social animals. Even the very personal decision of whether to eat meat or not is influenced by others around them. Using data from the British Social Attitude Survey, we develop an agent-based model to study the effect of social influence on the spread of meat-eating behaviour in the British population. We find that social influence is crucial in determining the spread of different meat-eating behaviours. According to the model, in order to bring about large-scale changes in meat-eating behaviours at the national level, people need to (1) have a strong openness to influences from others who have different meat-eating behaviour and (2) have a weak tendency to reinforce their current meat-eating behaviour after observing others in their own social group sharing the same behaviour.
Evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks with Satellite Data Inputs for Daily, Monthly, and Yearly Solar Irradiation Prediction for Pakistan
Authors: Nawab Faisal , Abd Hamid Ag Sufiyan , Alwaeli Ali , Arif Muhammad , Fauzan Mohd Faizal , Ibrahim Adnan
Published: June 2022

Solar irradiation is the most critical parameter to consider when designing solar energy systems. The high cost and difficulty of measuring solar irradiation makes it impractical in every location. This study’s primary objective was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for global horizontal irradiation (GHI) prediction using satellite data inputs. Three types of ANN, namely, the feed forward neural network (FFNN), cascaded forward neural network (CFNN), and Elman neural network (EMNN), were tested. The findings revealed that altitude, relative humidity, and satellite GHI are the most effective parameters, as they are present in all the best-performing models. The best model for daily GHI prediction was FFNN, which decreased daily MAPE, RMSE, and MBE by 25.4%, 0.11 kWh/m2/d, and 0.01 kWh/m2/d. The FFNN daily MAPE, RMSE, and MBE values were 7.83%, 0.49 kWh/m2/d, and 0.01 kWh/m2/d. The EMNN performed best for monthly and annual prediction, reducing monthly MAPE, RMSE, and MBE by 50.62%, 0.13 kWh/m2/d, and 0.13 kWh/m2/d, while the reduction for yearly was 91.6%, 0.11 kWh/m2/d, 0.2 kWh/m2/d. The EMNN monthly MAPE, RMSE, and MBE values were 3.36%, 0.16 kWh/m2/d, and 0.16 kWh/m2/d, while the yearly values were 0.47%, 0.18 kWh/m2/d, and 0.004 kWh/m2/d.
Turning to Nature to Process the Emotional Toll of Nature’s Destruction
Authors: Westoby Ross , Clissold Rachel , McNamara Karen E.
Published: June 2022

As challenges emerge in the context of the Anthropocene, one often overlooked area is the emotional toll that the Earth’s destabilisation has on the human psyche. Deeper investigation into perceived “negative” emotions of the Anthropocene requires closer attention if those in highly industrialised societies, as the major contributors to the climate crisis, are to avoid collective denial and move towards transformative change. This paper aims to provide insights into these “negative” emotions that are emerging in Australia in response to changes to the biosphere and the destruction of nature, including sadness, grief, anger, frustration, and anxiety. As a way of processing these “negative” emotions, the authors find that connecting with, and being in, nature is critical. Such connection allows people to cope, renew, and heal. In this way, nature is both the trigger for, and answer to, our ecological grief, anger, and anxiety, and, as such, is at the epicentre of human emotions in the context of the Anthropocene.
Performance Analysis of Overcurrent Protection in a Digital Substation with Process Bus
Authors: Tobar-Rosero Oscar A. , Candelo-Becerra John E. , Zapata Germán
Published: June 2022

The digitization of electrical substations brings great challenges for the commissioning of electrical protections, and interoperability tests must be performed with different equipment. Therefore, this work evaluates the response time of an electrical protection relay operating with sampled values in a digital substation with a process bus. A test scheme is proposed to emulate the process bus based on analyzing the main components in a digital substation with multi-vendor device interoperability. In addition, the delay times of the protection relay with the process bus are measured, considering interoperable infrastructure as a fundamental factor in the system performance. The results are compared with the response times of a conventional relay that operates with analog signals to identify the impact of the digitalization of signals in electrical substations with a process bus. Each relay has an instantaneous overcurrent function adjusted to operate with the same pickup currents at different fault current levels. The results show that tripping times are admissible for the operation of the protection relays, considering three-time measuring points in the test scheme. The time delays found are related to high data traffic in the communication network and the traffic saturation according to the time measuring point. Other delays related to processing SVs in an MU do not represent a risk for the protection scheme. For the industry, the methods presented in the research are useful for configuring and testing electrical substations with different equipment and topologies. In addition, the results presented here seek to generate confidence in companies and engineering teams when migrating to systems with digital substations.
Adoption of Micro-Mobility Solutions for Improving Environmental Sustainability: Comparison among Transportation Systems in Urban Contexts
Authors: D’Acierno Luca , Tanzilli Matteo , Tescione Chiara , Pariota Luigi , Di Costanzo Luca , Chiaradonna Salvatore , Botte Marilisa
Published: June 2022

Sustainable transport frameworks are gaining attention within national and international transportation policies, given the key role that decarbonisation plays in making urban environments people-friendly. Within this context, several shared services and micro-mobility options are being developed, especially as first/last mile facilities, further increasing public transport coverage levels. We present an overview of the environmental impacts of different transport modes and compare them from different perspectives, namely, CO2 emission levels, total costs (also including the user generalised cost) and service life of vehicles involved. The proposed methodology is applied to an urban context, using real trip data and showing the main findings under real conditions.
Residents’ Perceptions towards Tourism Development—The Case of Galaţi-Brăila Conurbation, Romania
Authors: Șorcaru Iulian Adrian , Capatina Alexandru , Muntean Mihaela-Carmen , Manea Ludmila-Daniela , Soare Ionica
Published: June 2022

Business and transit tourism are representative of the Galati-Brăila conurbation. Its favorable geographical location, at the eastern border of Romania and the EU, and its natural and cultural tourist potential are the main assets towards tourism development. Therefore, future tourist facilities developed by public authorities or private investors could generate a viable economic alternative for its residents. The objectives of this study were to identify residents’ perceptions, both positive and negative, concerning the impact of tourism development on tourist potential, socio-economic characteristics and the environment of the region. Another major objective was to establish the correlation between the residents’ involvement in tourism activities and tourism development in the region. In this regard, based on social exchange theory and applying the Sem-Pls method, we designed hypotheses and a research model which were verified based on a questionnaire implemented online. The data were processed using SmartPls3 software, all the research hypotheses being validated.
Data Analysis and Decision on Navigation Safety of Yangshan Port Channel
Authors: Bai Xiang’en , Guan Tian , Xu Xiaofeng , Xiao Yingjie
Published: June 2022

Aiming at the problem of pilotage disruption under high wind control, this paper provides statistics on wind direction and wind levels during high wind control days, measures pilotage disruption at Yangshan Port for a total of ten years (from 2011 to 2020), notes the wind direction and wind levels that trigger pilotage disruption, and models and analyzes the effects of different wind directions and wind-level coupling on pilotage disruption. In addition, the difference of traffic flow in the alert area under normal and interrupted conditions of pilotage is analyzed by combining pilotage interruption data and the observation data of the alert area. The law of traffic volume and speed of container ships of different lengths is also analyzed. Based on the data of each observation line, the speed and time of ships in the warning area were evaluated by combining the speed, heading, and time from the records. The traffic law of different types of ships are summarized; that is, the ship’s speed in the caution area is roughly positively correlated with its length: the longer the ship’s length, the faster the ship’s speed, and the less the sailing time. The article provides a basis for the research of pilotage safety operations.
Transmission of Grapevine Ampelo- and Vitiviruses by the Bohemian Mealybug Heliococcus bohemicus Šulc (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Hommay Gérard , Beuve Monique , Herrbach Etienne
Published: June 2022

Grapevine-infecting ampelo- and vitiviruses are transmitted by several scale insect species, including the Bohemian mealybug, Heliococcus bohemicus Šulc. Virus infectivity experiments were performed with this species to study the transmission ability of natural populations living in infected vineyards in Alsace, France. Mealybugs were sampled on vines infected by grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, -2, and -3) and by grapevine virus A (GVA), either alone or in combinations. Out of six natural populations tested, only one, located at Bennwihr, was able to transmit GLRaV-1 and -3 to healthy vines, though with low transmission rates (1.6 and 11.8%, respectively). Mealybugs from Bennwihr were also able to transmit GLRaV-3 from grapevines of another location where H. bohemicus was not a vector. Conversely, mealybugs from two other locations did not transmit any virus acquired from infected grapevines at Bennwihr. These results suggest differences in vector ability between H. bohemicus populations. Moreover, laboratory experiments were developed to estimate the minimal acquisition and inoculation access periods (AAP and IAP, respectively) for virus transmission of GLRaV-1 and -3, and GVA. First instar nymphs transmitted GLRaV-1 after 6 h AAP, GLRaV-3 and GVA together after 1 h AAP, and the three viruses after only 1 h IAP, supporting a semi-persistent mode of transmission. Second instar nymphs fed on multi-infected grapevine for 72 h then starved or fed on potatoes tested positive by RT-PCR for GLRaV-1 and -3 after up to 35 and 40 days, respectively, contrasting with the short retention times generally observed for mealybugs. These findings provide new knowledge of the vector ability of H. bohemicus.
A Socio-Hydrological Unit Division and Confluence Relationship Generation Method for Human–Water Systems
Authors: Chang Huanyu , Sang Xuefeng , He Guohua , Wang Qingming , Chang Jiaxuan , Liu Rong , Li Haihong , Zhao Yong
Published: June 2022

Studies on human activities and the natural water cycle as a coupled system are essential for effective water resource management in river basins. However, existing calculation methods based solely on the natural water cycle do not meet the accuracy requirements of natural society dualistic water cycle simulations. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a more scientific and reasonable calculation unit division method and river confluence relationship determination method. This paper presents a socio-hydrological unit with natural society dual characteristics based on both the hydrological characteristics and the social administrative characteristics of the river basin. According to the elevation of the river buffer zone, river confluence relationships among socio-hydrological units are determined, and upstream and downstream confluence of the human–water system is obtained. Finally, a case study of the Jing-Jin-Ji region in China, an area of intensive human activities, was performed. A reliability of 94.3% was reached using the proposed socio-hydrological unit division and river confluence calculation method, suggesting that the approach is highly applicable. Thus, the proposed method for generating socio-hydrological units and determining river confluence relationships can be applied to study the mutual influence and spatial distribution characteristics of natural society dualistic water cycles. The data requirement is minimal, and the approach can provide benefits in research on human water systems.
Soil Loss Estimation Coupling a Modified USLE Model with a Runoff Correction Factor Based on Rainfall and Satellite Soil Moisture Data
Authors: Todisco Francesca , Vergni Lorenzo , Ortenzi Sofia , Di Matteo Lucio
Published: June 2022

Satellite observations (Copernicus Sentinell-1) can supply antecedent soil moisture data, which helps to predict thresholds triggering runoff and runoff volume. In the paper, we developed a runoff correction factor to the USLE, using rainfall and satellite antecedent soil moisture data, following the approach of the modified USLE models such as the USLE-M and USLE-MM. The runoff and soil loss estimations accuracy are validated by plot-scale measurements (2008–2020 period) provided by SERLAB (Soil Erosion Laboratory) of the University of Perugia. The results show that the event rainfall depth added to the antecedent soil moisture is a fairly suitable predictor of the runoff. Using the simulated runoff in a USLE-MM model, the capability to predict event soil losses is enhanced with an RMSE = 0.57 Mg/ha lower than the RMSE ≈ 3.1 Mg/ha obtained by the USLE model. Using a modified USLE model, albeit with remote estimated runoff data, is still more advantageous at the event scale than the USLE model, which does not consider the runoff. These results are particularly significant for the estimation of runoff and soil losses. Satellite data shows the potential of applying the modified USLE models for large-scale monitoring and quantification of event soil erosion and runoff.
Developing Toxic Metal Environmental Justice Indices (TM-EJIs) for Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Manganese Contamination in Private Drinking Wells in North Carolina
Authors: Gavino-Lopez Noemi , Eaves Lauren A. , Enggasser Adam E. , Fry Rebecca C.
Published: June 2022

Toxic metal exposure via private drinking wells is an environmental health challenge in North Carolina (NC). Policies tainted by environmental racism shape who has access to public water supplies, with Black People, Indigenous People, and People of Color (BIPOC) often excluded from municipal services. Thus, toxic metal exposure via private wells is an environmental justice (EJ) issue, and it is under-studied in NC. In this study, we developed four Toxic Metal Environmental Justice Indices (TM-EJIs) for inorganic arsenic (iAs), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn) to quantitatively identify areas of environmental injustice in NC. TM-EJIs were calculated at the census tract level (n = 2038) as the product of the following: (1) number of well water tests with concentrations exceeding national standards, (2) percentage of the low-income and minority population, and (3) population density. Mn had the greatest proportion (25.17%) of positive TM-EJIs, which are indicative of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups exposed to toxic metals. Positive TM-EJIs, particularly for Pb and Mn, were primarily located in eastern NC. These results highlight several new counties of concern and can be used by public health professionals and state environmental agencies to prioritize remediation efforts and efforts to reduce environmental injustices.
Efficient Vanadate Removal by Mg-Fe-Ti Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Guo Yanwei , Lu Hongtao , Han Bangjun , Zou Tiemei , Zhu Zhiliang
Published: June 2022

A series of novel layered double hydroxides (Mg-Fe-Ti-LDHs) containing Mg2+, Fe3+ and Ti4+ were prepared. The adsorption performance of Mg-Fe-Ti-LDHs on vanadate in aqueous solution was investigated and the effects of various factors on the adsorption process were examined, including initial vanadate concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, solution pH and coexisting ions. A preliminary discussion of the adsorption mechanism of vanadate was also presented. Results show that the adsorption efficiency of vanadate increased with the introduction of Ti4+ into the laminate of LDHs materials. The adsorption capacity of the materials also differed for different anion intercalated layers, and the Mg-Fe-Ti-LDHs with Cl− intercalation showed higher vanadate removal compared to the CO32− intercalated layer. Furthermore, Mg-Fe-Ti-CLDH showed higher vanadate removal compared to pre-calcination. The adsorption experimental data of vanadate on Mg-Fe-Ti-LDHs were consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The pH of the solution significantly affected the vanadate removal efficiency. Meanwhile, coexisting ions PO43−, SO42− and NO3− exerted a significant influence on vanadate adsorption, the magnitude of the influence was related to the valence state of the coexisting anions. The possible adsorption mechanisms can be attributed to ion exchange and layered ligand exchange processes. The good adsorption capacity of Mg-Fe-Ti-LDHs on vanadate broadens the application area of functional materials of LDHs.
2000-2020 Yılları Arasında İsrail-Latin Amerika İlişkileri
Authors: HASANOĞLU Eldar , ÇAĞLIYAN Oğuzhan
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada İsrail ve Latin Amerika ülkeleri arasındaki ilişkilerin 2000-2020 yılları arasında nasıl bir seyir izlediği incelenmektedir. Dört başlıkta ele aldığımız bu çalışmamızın ilk bölümünde Venezuela’da Hugo Chavez’in seçilmesiyle başlayan Pembe Dalga akımının 2000’li yıllarda Latin Amerika ülkelerinin Ortadoğu politikalarını nasıl etkilediği tetkik edilmektedir. İkinci bölümde, Pembe Dalgayla başlayan Latin Amerika-Arap ve Latin Amerika-İran yakınlaşmalarına paralel olarak İsrail-Latin Amerika ilişkilerinin nasıl bir seyir izlediği ele alınmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde, 2009-2014 yılları arasında gerçekleşen İsrail’in Gazze’ye yönelik askeri operasyonlarının ve Mavi Marmara olayının İsrail-Latin Amerika ilişkilerinde yol açtığı gerilimler ve bu gerilimlerin gölgesinde Netanyahu hükümetinin Latin Amerika’ya yönelik başlattığı diplomasi atağı incelenmektedir. Son bölümdeyse 2010’ların ortasından itibaren Latin Amerika’da gerçekleşen siyasal değişimlerin etkisiyle İsrail ve eski Pembe Dalga ülkeleri arasındaki ikili ilişkilerin nasıl yeniden şekillendiği etüt edilmektedir.
Perfil Cineantropométrico, Composición Corporal Y Somatotipo Del Plantel De Fútbol Femenino De Primera División Y Reserva Del Club Estudiantes De Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Leandro Gabriel Martínez
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: obtener el perfil cineantropométrico para conocer la composición corporal (haciendo hincapié en la masa muscular y adiposa) y el somatotipo del plantel de fútbol femenino del club, a fin de compararlos con equipos de similar nivel y de elite. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo y se midieron en 32 jugadoras las variables antropométricas de perfil restringido de acuerdo con los estándares de la Sociedad Internacional para el Avance de la Cineantropometría (ISAK). Se utilizó el método de cinco componentes de Kerr para obtener la composición corporal y el de Heath-Carter para calcular los componentes del Somatotipo. Resultados: peso 58.92 ± 8.56 kg (media ± DS); talla 160.43 ± 6.14 cm; IMC 22.88 ± 3.02; masa muscular 41.54 ± 4.52 %; masa adiposa 33.16 ± 5.17 %; Σ 6 Pliegues 95.32 ± 27.61 mm; somatotipo 4.32-3.89-1.85, clasificación endomorfo- mesomorfo. Conclusiones: se observan porcentajes de masa muscular por debajo y de masa adiposa por encima con respecto a los de los equipos comparados por lo que resulta necesario incrementar el nivel de entrenamiento ya que la mejora de éstos genera una posición de ventaja para la práctica del fútbol. Se hace necesario un seguimiento longitudinal para generar un perfil por puesto y mayores estudios para construir los de los diferentes niveles del fútbol argentino.
The symbol of Ramayana in Mu. Mehta’s collection of poems ‘Agaayathukku Aduttha Veedu’
Authors: G Jeyachitra
Published: June 2022

Feminist ideas emerged in the late 18th century, and following the feminist movement in India, too, womanist ideas emerged and flourished. Feminist literature also arose in connection with it. In Tamilnadu also, literature related to feminism is emerging and gaining widespread attention. In the history of Tamil literature, Poet Mu. Mehta was one of the most important creators who contributed to the spread of the renewed form of poetry, known as unconventional poetry. Poet Mu. Mehta is also credited with inspiring innumerable young people to innovate. Poet Mu. Mehta's ‘Kanneer Pookkal’ (Tear Flowers) is a book that has been published over 40 editions.
Sistem Pengenalan Citra Wajah Menggunakan Metode Eigenface dengan Visual Studio
Authors: Sanusi Sanusi , Alfaizun Alfaizun , Mahyuddin Mahyuddin
Published: June 2022

Pengenalan wajah seseorang biasanya hal yang mudah dilakukan oleh manusia. Akan tetapi, bagaimana jika yang melakukannya sebuah sistem, tentu tidak semudah yang dilakukan oleh manusia. Apalagi pada masa sekarang ini sistem pengolahan data berbasis pengenalan citra wajah secara otomatis telah berkembang pesat, hal tersebut karena tingginya permintaan untuk sistem identifikasi pada instansi atau institusi tertentu untuk mencari data melalui pengenalan wajah agar lebih cepat. Peneliti merancang dan mengimplementasikan aplikasi pengenalan wajah agar dapat digunakan pada instansi atau suatu kelompok yang bersifat rahasia untuk kepentingan mencari data seseorang menggunakan metode Eigenface dengan algoritma Principal Component Analysis (PCA) pada sistem pengenalan wajah. Jumlah citra wajah yang digunakan sebanyak 52 citra. Selanjutnya citra tersebut dilakukan pra-proses untuk mengambil pola wajahnya saja, lalu normalisasi dengan PCA yang selanjutnya mengambil nilai egenface dari hasil PCA untuk digunakan saat pelatihan dan pengujian pengenalan wajah. Pada percobaan pertama menggunakan 3 (tiga) sampel pada setiap 1 (satu) sampel terdiri dari 10 foto wajah. Hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa percobaan pertama mendapatkan keakurasian 93,33%.
Peta Sebaran Clorofil-a di Perairan Laut Aceh Menggunakan Satelit Aqua Modis
Authors: Andini Mirna Ria , Murhaban Murhaban , Suryadi Suryadi
Published: June 2022

Teknologi penginderaan jauh dapat digunakan dalam pemetaan kondisi lingkungan seperti sebaran klorofil-a secara spasial maupun multitemporal. Sebaran klorofil-a merupakan salah satu parameter oseanografi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui dan mempermudah dalam menganalisis daerah potensial penangkapan ikan, sehingga dapat membantu nelayan Aceh dalam meningkatkan jumlah hasil pengakapan ikan.  Adapun metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi data citra satelit Aqua MODIS konsentrasi klorofil-a dengan menggunakan aplikasi SeaDAS. Data yang digunakan adalah data akumulasi bulanan pada bulan Januari hingga Desember 2016. Dalam data citra klorofil-a satelit aqua MODIS terdapat lebih dari 1500 piksel yang bernilai nul (0) dan sebesar 90 persen dari piksel yang terdapat dalam sebuah data citra memiliki nilai dibawah 0.4319 mg/ m3. Sebaran klorofil-a diperairan laut Aceh bernilai maksimum sebesar 18.89 mg/ m3 pada bulan Juli tahun 2016 dan nilai rata-rata sebaran klorofila- sebesar 0.20 mg/ m3 hingga 0.37 mg/ m3.
Analysis of The Impact of Covid-19 on MSMEs Case Study: Street Vendors (PKL) in Pasar Raya Padang
Authors: Chandra Rofi , Giatman Muhammad , Yuliana
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, which is currently being felt by the world's population, has had a lot of impacts, both by the government and even small communities. The real impact of Covid-19 is that it affects economic problems. One of the impacts that has a very big influence is economic problems. Global economic growth is also declining, marked by a declining world GDP of 2%. Indonesia's economy in the future will be very dependent on the process of handling this pandemic. This research explains the current state of MSMEs that are experiencing a recession, and how MSME actors can maintain their activities. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with the method of interviewing directly with first-party speakers and SWOT analysis. MSMEs are currently very influential during the pandemic in order to stabilize the economy.
Characteristics of cognitive functioning of patients who have undergone cardiosurgical interventions
Authors: Mankovskyi D.
Published: June 2022

The study of the state of cognitive functioning of patients who underwent Сardiо-Surgery Interventions (CSI) was studied to take into account the data obtained when creating rehabilitation programs for this category of patients. We examined 700 patients who were treated at the State Institution "Heart Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" after undergoing CSI with an artificial circulation procedure. First, the general state of cognitive functioning in the sample was analyzed. Then, in front of the examined patients, we selected a group of patients with manifestations of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), numbering 504 persons. Thus, in the second stage of the work, the indicators of patients in this group were compared with the indicators of patients who underwent CSI, without signs of CSI, the number of 196 persons taken from the same sample. As a result of the study, significant cognitive impairment was revealed in more than 70% of patients who underwent CSI. This manifested itself in the slowing down of mental processes and reduced switching of attention, manifestations of inhibition, rigidity of thinking, exhaustion, decreased speed and efficiency of memorization; in general, a total decrease in the speed and efficiency of cognitive processes, which is consistent with the data of modern scientific literature on the significant manifestations of cognitive deficits in the postoperative period after cardiac interventions. The answer to the question of identifying defensive factors inherent in a group of patients without signs of cognitive deficits will be obtained as a result of our further work. The identified patterns should be taken into account in the development of treatment, rehabilitation and prevention measures for patients who have suffered from CSI.

Keywords: cardiac surgery, artificial blood circulation, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, cognitive functioning.
Analysis of aggressiveness and hostility manifestations in the structure of psychoemotional sphere disorders in patients after cardio-surgical intervention
Authors: Mankovskyi D.
Published: June 2022

We examined 700 patients who were treated at the State Institution "Heart Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" after undergoing Cardio-Surgical Intervention (CSI) with an artificial circulation procedure. Among the examined patients we identified the following groups: 1) patients with cerebral infarction in the postoperative period, numbering 86 persons, 2) patients with signs of postoperative encephalopathy, numbering 217 persons, 3) patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction, numbering 504 persons. As a result of study in patients who underwent CSI, the presence of increased levels of aggression and hostility. At the same time, the highest levels were inherent in verbal aggression, the rate of which corresponded to a high level; slightly lower – irritation, the rate of which corresponded to high, closer to elevated levels; even lower – guilt, the rate of which corresponds to an elevated, closer to high, level; negativism, feelings of resentment and suspicion, the indicators of which correspond to a higher level; and the lowest – physical aggression, the rate of which corresponds to an elevated, closer to average, level. The aggression index and the hostility index in patients who underwent CSI corresponded to elevated levels. The presence of ischemic and neurological complications increases the levels of aggression (to a greater extent) and hostility (to a lesser extent). This tendency is most pronounced in patients with postoperative cerebral infarction, slightly less in patients with signs of postoperative encephalopathy, and least in patients with signs of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The identified patterns should be taken into account when developing treatment-and-rehabilitation and preventive measures for patients who have undergone heart surgery.

Keywords: cardiosurgical intervention in the conditions of artificial blood circulation, disturbance of psychoemotional sphere, aggression, hostility.
THE BUILDING OF SAND MOUNTAIN CEREMONY: SYMBOL OF RELIGIOUS CULTURE AT THE KHMER NEW YEAR IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM
Authors: Son Da Chanh
Published: June 2022

Cultural symbols are research objects that many scholars are interested in when studying cultures. The article is based on the structural theory of symbolic anthropology (or interpretive anthropology) to study and decipher the meaning of sand mountains in Khmer culture. The building of sand mountains duringceremonies on New Year’s Day is an important cultural and spiritual activity that illustrates religious harmony with cultural life during traditional festivals. In the article, the symbolic meaning of the sand mountain is deciphered to explore  the cultural values and religious philosophies hidden in the heart of Khmer culture in Southern Viet Nam.
La economía política de la gestión externa subnacional en la Región Centro, Argentina: 2004-2019
Authors:   , Trebucq Federico Iván
Published: June 2022

La presente investigación dará cuentas de la política de vinculación transnacional llevada a cabo por la Región Centro de Argentina, durante el periodo 2004-2019 en función de la distribución de intereses regionales, la vinculación con el gobierno central y la influencia del contexto internacional. Para ello se propone un estudio de caso único en donde se complementan las herramientas teóricas de la Paradiplomacia con los aportes de la Economía Política Internacional, en tanto permite identificar los procesos de re escalamiento de la autoridad política sobre la actividad económica y el rol que asumen los gobiernos subnacionales en la economía mundial. La experiencia de la Región Centro en las Relaciones Internacionales es un caso que plantea la necesidad de realizar construcciones transdisciplinarias y consecuentemente implementar un diseño pluralista de investigación dada la cantidad de actores involucrados en el proceso de toma de decisiones de la política pública y en los niveles que inciden en el resultado final de la proyección internacional.