bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Highs and Lows of Pornography Use: Does Motivation Affect Users’ Life Satisfaction?
Authors:   ", SULYOK (DEMETER) Kármen ,   Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Applied Psychology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania * Corresponding author: karmen.demeter@ubbcluj.ro", KÁLCZA-JÁNOSI Kinga ,   Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Applied Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, KOTTA Ibolya ,   Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Applied Psychology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: July 2024

"The negative outcomes of problematic pornography use (PPU) have been well documented, but there is a gap in the literature on the underlying mechanisms that influence the life satisfaction and mental health of pornography users. In the current study we have used a cross-sectional, person-centered approach in order to reveal the motivational and life satisfaction profile of problematic and non-problematic pornography users based on the theoretical framework of Self-determination Theory (SDT). We also wished to determine the role of self-determination in the life satisfaction of pornography users, as this variable is considered to be relevant for the life satisfaction and mental health of online pornography consumers. Our participants (N = 4302) were Hungarian speaking adults from Romania and Hungary (age M=27,91; SD=9,50), selected through sampling on social networking sites related to pornography, sexual dysfunction and addiction. Individuals were assigned to one of 3 groups (i.e., no symptoms, few symptoms, problematic use), based on the presence of symptoms related to pornography use. Demographic data was gathered, self-determination, life satisfaction and pornography use were assessed using the online version of validated instruments. Results indicated that SDT-based motivation and life satisfaction have a significant role in shaping the profile of pornography users. Participants with PPU felt less satisfied with their life, were less self-aware and experienced lower levels of perceived choice than both no symptom and few symptom groups. Although self-determination significantly predicted life satisfaction, this effect was not influenced by the problematic character of pornography use. Keywords: self-determined motives; life satisfaction; online sexual activities; problematic pornography use."
Health Behaviour of Police Officers in Relation to Hypertension. Observations from a Hungarian County
Authors: AMBRUSZ Aliz ,   ", BORBÉLY Zsuzsanna , MALÉT-SZABÓ Erika ,   Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Police Headquarters, Nyíregyháza, Hungary Sárospatak Reformed Theological University, Sárospatak, Hungary Debrecen University, Hungary, Corresponding author: aliz.ambrusz@gmail.com",   Airport Police Directorate, Budapest, Hungary,   "Debrecen University, Hungary Ministry of Interior, Budapest, Hungary"
Published: July 2024

"The aim of this study is to assess the health behavior of those who are treated for high blood pressure among law enforcement officers, compared to those who are not under treatment for high blood pressure. Methodology: In Hungary, a cross-sectional survey was carried out among those serving in the County of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. This is the publication of partial results of a study carried out in the framework of a comprehensive health behavior survey. Findings: The number of items in the sample is 1,719. 11.40% were treated for hypertension. There is a significant difference in gender (χ2= 3.979; p=0.047). The highest proportion of people with hypertension is among those with a secondary school leaving certificate (18.8%). The lowest prevalence is among university graduates (9.1%). Education level is significantly associated with hypertension (χ2=17.013; p=0.004). There is a very strong significant association between length of time in service and hypertension (χ2=83.204; p= 0.000). The proportion of people with hypertension increases steadily with the length of service. No significant differences were found for work schedule, smoking, alcohol consumption or physical activity. When examining the relationship between social support and hypertension, there is a significant difference between grandparent support and parent support (p=0.002; p=0.012). Those treated for hypertension can count on less parental or grandparental support. Non-hypertensives have higher personal health awareness (p=0001), as well as higher self-assessment of health (p=0.000). They are more motivated to avoid unhealthiness (p=0.002) and to maintain their health (p=0.009). They feel in better health (p=0.000) and are confident that this will be maintained in the future (p=0.000). Health concern is higher among hypertension patients (p=0.045). Both internal and external health control scores are higher (p=0.000; P=0.001) as is health anxiety (p=0.000). Value: The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, so it is of paramount importance that appropriate health promotion programmes help law-enforcement workers to maintain their health. Keyword: high blood pressure, law enforcement, health behavior, health promotion"
Challenging Islamophobia by Action (An Overview of the Islamic Activist Movement in America from A Fiqh Aqalliyāt Perspective)
Authors: Khalik Subehan , Hj Rofie Mohamad Khadafi , Usman Ummi Farhah
Published: July 2024

The issue of Islamophobia and the treatment of minorities is deeply rooted in the culture of Muslim societies. Throughout history, Islamic constitutional law has focused on the treatment of minority groups. However, the meaning of "minority" has evolved and shifted from referring to non-Muslim minority groups to Muslim minority groups. This research employs a qualitative methodology with an Islamic law and legal sociology approach, relying on empirical data. The article aims to emphasize the need for reassessing "minorities" and setting new standards in combating Islamophobia through a sociological approach by advocating fiqh al-Aqalliyāt as a tool to promote inclusivity among the Muslim majority. The results show that the movement against Islamophobia, based on the study of maqashid al-shariah with an emphasis on fiqh al-aqalliyat, is the main choice for American Muslim minorities.
Abstrak
Isu Islamofobia dan perlakuan terhadap minoritas berakar kuat dalam budaya masyarakat Muslim. Sepanjang sejarah, hukum konstitusional Islam telah berfokus pada perlakuan terhadap kelompok minoritas. Namun, makna "minoritas" telah berevolusi dan bergeser dari merujuk pada kelompok minoritas non-Muslim menjadi kelompok minoritas Muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan hukum Islam dan sosiologi hukum, dengan mengandalkan data empiris. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menekankan perlunya menilai kembali "minoritas" dan menetapkan standar baru dalam memerangi Islamofobia melalui pendekatan sosiologis dengan mengadvokasi fiqh al-Aqalliyāt sebagai alat untuk mempromosikan inklusivitas di antara mayoritas Muslim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gerakan melawan Islamofobia yang didasarkan pada kajian maqashid al-syariah dengan penekanan pada fiqh al-aqalliyat menjadi pilihan utama bagi minoritas Muslim Amerika.
On the upper limits for complex growth rate in rotatory electrothermoconvection in a dielectric fluid layer saturating a sparsely distributed porous medium
Authors: Kumar Jitender , Kumari Chitresh , Prakash Jyoti
Published: July 2024

It is proved analytically that the complex growth rate n = nr
+ ini
(nr
and ni
are the real and imaginary parts of n , respectively) of an arbitrary neutral or unstable oscillatory disturbance of growing amplitude in rotatory electrothermoconvection in a dielectric fluid layer saturating a sparsely distributed porous medium heated from below, for the case of free boundaries, is located inside a semicircle in the right half of the nrni
− plane, whose centre is at the origin and radius =

max

T
a

P
r
2

,

R

ea

P
r

A

\sqrt {\max \left( {{T_a}P_r^2,{{{R_{ea}}{P_r}} \over A}} \right)}

, where Ta
is the modified Taylor’s number, Pr
is the modified Prandtl number, Rea
is electric Rayleigh number and A is the ratio of heat capacities. The upper limits for the case of rigid boundaries are derived separately. Furthermore, similar results are also derived for the same configuration when heated from above.
The Costs and Threats of the «Green» Energy Transition
Authors: Sechin I. I.
Published: July 2024

This article explores the challenges facing the modern energy market in the context of the accelerated energy transition. It concludes that neither the objectives nor the preparation for the energy transition have been aligned with the actual needs and demands of humanity. The current goals of the energy transition are ideologically driven and unrealistic, prompting countries and companies to reconsider their previously established timelines for achieving carbon neutrality, while investors are growing increasingly disillusioned with the «green» transition. Despite trillions of dollars in investments, alternative energy sources have failed to replace traditional fuels or ensure reliable energy supply. Concurrently, the demand for electricity will continue to rise with the advancement of artificial intelligence and the expansion of data processing centers.

The article highlights that in Europe, the emphasis on the «green» energy transition has led to economic downturns, while in developing countries, the implementation of the energy transition has manifested as «green» neocolonialism, characterized by resource extraction. Lobbying for an accelerated energy transition represents one form of market share competition. Another form includes unlawful sanctions and technological restrictions imposed by the United States on several countries, and the use of the dollar as an economic weapon, which has compelled developing nations to embark on dedollarization processes.

The article concludes that energy development must be linked to ensuring energy security, combating poverty, and addressing the interests of the majority. Therefore, hydrocarbons will continue to be a critical component of the energy sector.
The Origins of the Idea of “Civilizational” Multipolarity in Russian Religious Thought (from 19th to First Half of 20th Century)
Authors: Medovarov M. M.
Published: July 2024

The article explores the development of the concept of «civilizational» multipolarity in Russian religious thought from the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. This notion of «civilizational» multipolarity suggests that power centers, beyond forming a geopolitical balance, also represent distinct civilizations. During the first half of the 19th century, Russian conservatism was predominantly Eurocentric and semi-colonial. However, in the latter half of the century, Russian religious thinkers began to recognize the plurality of civilizations and their potential to emerge as independent power centers, thereby reevaluating Russia's role in the world. Thinkers like Nikolay Danilevsky, Vladimir Lamansky, and Konstantin Leontyev progressively moved away from a colonial mindset, leading to the crystallization of the idea of «civilizational» multipolarity.At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, thinkers such as Vladimir Gringmut, Lev Tikhomirov, Prince Esper Ukhtomsky, and Sergey Syromyatnikov further advanced these ideas. They identified an «awakening of the East» and advocated for Russia to align with Eastern civilizational powers in anticipation of an imminent world war. Post-1917 revolution, the concept of «civilizational» multipolarity persisted in the Eurasianist thought of the 1920s and 1930s, which is a focal point of this article. Leaders of the Eurasianist movement, such as Prince Nikolay Trubetskoy and Petr Savitsky, developed the doctrine of autarkic «worlds»-civilizations, envisioned as large economic blocs unified by common culture, ideology, and centralized authority. Religious ideas and rhetoric, including the trope of «Babylonian confusion», played a significant role in the Eurasianists' justification of their preferred international order.
Frequency of Peripheral IV Catheter in Neonates with Prolong Stay in Emergency of Low-Income Country
Authors: Javed Dr
Published: July 2024

Background:
Peripheral intra venous catheter-the usual route for administrating iv antibiotics, nutrition, and other medications. It is secured by splints and adhesive dressings to the skin. However, prolong stay in the ED, and other factors result in frequent IV cannulation which increases the risk of infection and is always a painful procedure. Multiple dressings used to secure the cannula may also result in skin injury and further increase risk for infection.
Objective:
The present study aims to establish a relationship between length of stay of neonates and the number of peripheral IV catheter lines placed.
Material and Method:
This is a retrospective chart review of neonates admitted through the emergency room of a public sector hospital supported by Child life foundation, their length of stay, and the number of IV catheters used during their stay with the help of EMR data from doctors, staff, and pharmacists for each patient.
Results:
1641 neonates admitted in ED between JAN-JUN 2023. 827(50.3%) neonates stayed in ED for less than 12 hours, with 1.7 average IV cannulations per neonate. 463(28.2%) neonates with length of stay between 12–24 hours had 2.08 IV cannulations per neonate. 239(14.56%) neonates stayed for 24–48 hours, with 2.3 IV cannulations per neonate. 78 (4.75%) neonates with length of stay between 48–72 had 2.76 IV cannulations per neonate. 34(2.07%) neonates stayed for more than 72hrs, with 3.17 IV cannulations per neonate. We established that as the need for IV medication and nutrition prolongs, so does the frequency of IV cannulations at new sites. The neonates were discharged on IV medication for a further 3–6 days, hence further increasing the need and number of peripheral IV cannulations per neonate. The frequency of change in cannulations is more in pre term as compared to term babies.
Conclusion
Increase length of stay is directly related to increase frequency of change in IV cannulation. Umbilical vein and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) can be utilized for IV antibiotics, nutrition, and other medications in ED. This will help in decreasing the risk of infection and painful stimulus to the neonates.
The use of ultrasound by emergency medicine teams after earthquakes: a scoping review
Authors: Verhoeven Evert , Pauwels Sofie , Debacker Michel , Hubloue Ives , Ecker Thomas
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Earthquakes can have a significant impact on imaging modalities available in the surrounding hospitals. Ultrasound can offer several advantages in earthquake response scenarios but is underrepresented in the bibliometric analysis on imaging modalities after earthquake. This scoping review aims to analyse the gap in literature by examining the possible roles of ultrasound during different timeframes after an earhtquake.
Methods: A scoping review was carried out using the PRISMA method searching Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science. Grey literature was searched and snowballing was performed on the reference list. Results were extracted into 3 time cathegories for use during the first 72 hours after, during the first 6 weeks after, and follow up of patients during the years after the earthquake.
Results: A total of 13034 studies were put into COVIDENCE TM, 69 references were found in Grey literature, 24 articles were witheld for extraction.
Limitations: Articles were excluded based on language exclusion criteria so valuable information may be missing from the final selection.
Discussion: During the first 72 hours after the earthquake ultrasound has been proven usefull for IO placement during rescuscitation, triaging patiens using Focussed Assessment with Sonography in Trauma, diagnosis of rhabdomyalisis and nerve injuries, evaluation of the need for renal replacement therapy, regional anesthesia through ultrasound guided nerve blocks and ultrasound guided procedures like evacuation of abcedations. During the first 6 weeks after the earthquake it can be primarily used in the hospital for regional anesthesia and procedures, and in remote shelters for Deep Venous Trombosis screening. In the years after the earhtquake the main use is follow up of stress cardiomyopathy and nerve injuries.
Conclusion: Ultrasound has demonstrated diverse applications, ranging from triaging patients, detecting injuries, guiding procedures, and providing long-term follow-up. Its portability, real-time visualization, and rapid accessibility make it a valuable tool in resource-constrained and post-disaster settings.
Composition features of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian rocks of the Losinoostrov Fm. and the role of extrabasin sources in their formation (Subpolar Urals)
Authors: Inkina N. S. , Saldin V. A.
Published: July 2024

Research subject. The Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian rocks of the Losinoostrov Formation of the Belsk-Eletsk structural-formational zone, exposed on the left bank of the Kozhim river, near the mouth of the stream Northnichael of the western slope of the Subpolar Urals. Methods. Optical and electron microscopic methods (including cathodoluminescence), chemical silicate, carbonate and X-ray diffraction analyses. Results and conclusions. The studied rocks are assigned to three main groups: mixtolites (rocks of mixed composition), carbonatoliths, and silicytolites with varieties.  Mixtoliths consist of three and four main components: carbonate, silty, argillaceous and siliceous. The variable ratio of rock-forming components of mixtolites was clearly reflected in the discriminative modular diagram. Here, fields of predominantly siliceous and silty mixolites (cluster I), predominantly argillaceous (cluster III), as well as transitional mixolites (cluster II) are identified. Relatively pure and silty-argillaceous-siliceous limestones were distinguished among carbonatoliths. According to the formed elements, pure limestones are divided into bioclastic and peloid-micritic. Silicytolites are represented by (1) radiolarites and radiolarian spongoliths; (2) silty-argillaceous silicytolites and (3) cherts (secondary siliceous formations). The established quantitative ratios of rock-forming components showed that more than half of the studied mixtoliths are composed mainly of the material of extrabasinal origin. Relatively high contents of extrabasinal fine material in carbonatoliths indicate a periodic decrement of the hydrodynamic regime during the accumulation of the upper part of the formation. The studied deposits were probably formed in distal and proximal ramp settings.
Experiencia de estudiantes universitarios argentinos ante los exámenes finales: subjetividad, ansiedades y desacoples institucionales
Authors: Labin Agustina , Cuello Pagnone Marina , Madeira Celeste , Forestello Daiana , Taborda Alejandra
Published: July 2024

Este artículo explora las razones de la inasistencia a exámenes finales, que en la universidad argentina estudiada ha aumentado durante más de una década llegando a 60% de ausentismo. Los antecedentes tienden a explicaciones unicausales —individuales o de gestión institucional— y una marcada escasez de análisis de la subjetividad estudiantil. Por ello, se presenta un estudio cualitativo exploratorio, descriptivo e interpretativo, con 23 estudiantes distribuidos en cuatro grupos homogéneos, a través del dispositivo de grupos focales. Cinco categorías principales agrupan las razones esgrimidas por los/as estudiantes para no asistir a exámenes finales: la inabarcabilidad de la tarea de estudiar; desajustes en la organización y planificación de tiempos; experiencias disruptivas previas; deseos de venganza y temores a represalias, y una circulación representacional que reemplaza el encuentro con la normativa institucional. Las conclusiones reafirman la importancia de localizar la subjetividad para discutir las discontinuidades en trayectorias educativas universitarias.
 
Argentinian university students’ experience with final examinations: subjectivity, anxieties and institutional disconnections
Abstract
This paper explores the reasons for absence from final examination, which have increased for more than a decade, reaching 60% absenteeism at the Argentinian university studied. The background highlights monocausal explanations, focused on individuals or institutional management, and a marked lack of analysis of student subjectivity. Due to this, we present an exploratory, descriptive and interpretive qualitative study, with 23 students distributed in four homogeneous groups, through the focus group technique. The reasons given by students for not attending final exams are grouped into five main categories: the incomprehensibility of the task of studying, imbalances in organization and time planning, previous disruptive experiences, desires for revenge and fears of reprisals and a representational circulation that replaces institutional regulations. In conclusion, we reaffirm the importance of locating subjectivity to discuss discontinuities in university educational trajectories.
Etnografía reflexiva y arteterapia, metodología para intervención con niñas y niños en espacios vulnerables
Authors: González Reyes Alba H. , Báez Ramírez Laila Ishtar , Neri Francisco Arleth , Banda Guzmán Zendi Vanessa
Published: July 2024

En este escrito se presenta el trabajo realizado con niñas, niños en espacios vulnerables. Estudiantes de trabajo social han sido parte del proceso de atención de acompañamiento con técnicas diversas: dibujos, escultura, narrativa, teatro, para, frente a la violencia sexual, ofrecer información de cuidado de cuerpo desde la Educación Sexual Integral. La intervención social se realiza desde un abordaje etnográfico reflexivo que convoca a múltiples posibilidades de acompañamiento para la prevención de la violencia a infantes. En el trabajo de atención con niñas, ante un posible trauma, una condición para no victimizar a infantes es el trabajo con el silencio como aliado. Recurrimos a Marcus Banks (2020) quien propone en trabajo de campo sumar a los datos verbales y de observación, los datos visuales que ofrecen oportunidades prácticas y éticas para promover el sentido de la acción social comprometida con los actores sociales, participantes en las transformaciones de su realidad.
Violencias, religión y escuelas en México situaciones que inciden en la cultura de paz escolar, con relación al derecho y a la libertad de pensamiento religioso
Authors: Baez Aguilera Eunice Zuleika , Gutiérrez Hernández Norma
Published: July 2024

Las violencias se han convertido en un problema nacional para México desde distintas aristas, ya sea tratado desde el género, forma de vestir, religión, escuela, nivel socioeconómico, edad, etc. La sociedad mexicana muestra un rostro de intolerancia por la otredad, en la cual, los rasgos identitarios de las personas para algunos y algunas constituyen un pretexto para el ejercicio del odio a lo que es diferente. Esta investigación trata sobre las violencias que se encausan a partir de la intolerancia religiosa, y cómo repercute esta situación en el ámbito educativo.
La mujer michoacana y los delitos de robo, lesiones y adulterio, 1911-1920
Authors: Gaytán Villalpando Fany , Gaytán Villalpando Beatriz Adriana
Published: July 2024

La mujer Michoacana y los delitos de robo, lesiones y adulterio, tienen como fuente primaria los expedientes judiciales de 1911 a 1920, del acervo del Poder Judicial del Estado de Michoacán, que guardan como testimonio los procesos judiciales en contra de las mujeres infractoras durante el periodo revolucionario, analizados desde la óptica de la perspectiva de género, lo cual nos permite acercarnos al imaginario del “deber ser” femenino, así como la forma en que la mujer es concebida en la ley. En el artículo, se comprueba que la mujer hace uso de su “ser mujer” para manipular la decisión del juez, apelando a su vulnerabilidad, detalles que se pueden ir observando a lo largo de las relatorías que buscan justificar los hechos, en esta línea, también se visualiza un mundo de violencias en la vida cotidiana de las mujeres morelianas, relacionadas con sus relaciones amorosas.
Carta Editorial
Authors: García García Ana María del Socorro , Rivera Gómez Elva
Published: July 2024

Pasado y presente. Miradas en torno a la violencia contra las mujeres acuerpa interpretaciones disciplinarias desde la historia de las mujeres, los estudios de género.
Generation Z media consumption practices in social media
Authors: Nemirovskaya Elena Pavlovna
Published: July 2024

The subject of the work is the media consumption of generation Z in social media. Within the framework of the subject of the study, the author presents a brief theoretical and methodological justification, paying special attention to the aspects of research in the field of media consumption by Russian authors A.V. Sharikov, I.A. Poluekhtova, V.P. Kolomiets, M.M. Nazarova, T.E. Grinberg, and also focuses on how large companies study media consumption of the audience (Analytical Center "Video International", TNS Russia). The focus of the research object is on generation Z. The author examines the boundaries of the generation and outlines the basic values inherent in it, in particular, the value of content consumption in social media, which the author emphasizes, referring to previous research. The study used the in-depth interview method, since it is important to obtain qualitative, rather than quantitative, information to identify the media consumption practices of generation Z in social networks. As a result of the study, the following aspects of media consumption of generation Z were revealed: specific sources of consumption of entertainment, news, educational, humorous content, situations when representatives of generation Z turn to social networks on weekdays and weekends, conditions for abandoning social networks, the problem of choosing content, listing significant bloggers, the need for microinfluencers, openness of new information and boundaries the news feed. The main significant conclusion of the work is that the media consumption of generation Z transforms their usual daily practices: waking up and preparing for bed, cooking and eating, walking and exercise. We can say about the transformation of social networks from platforms for communication into platforms that informatively accompany centenials throughout the day.
The attitude of the Tatars of the Kirov region (Russia) to religious rites
Authors: Odegova Kseniya Igorevna , Moskvin Artem Sergeevich
Published: July 2024

In modern Russia, much attention is paid to the preservation of cultural traditions of different peoples and faiths, but at the same time many aspects remain undisclosed in research. A rich material for study exists in the multiethnic and multicultural Kirov region. Tatars occupy the second largest population in the region and have their own rich cultural traditions based on Islam and influencing the culture of the region. The purpose of the research is to study the attitude of Tatars to religious rituals on the example of the Kirov region. To achieve this goal, ethnosociological expeditions were undertaken in 2018-2023 to the Malmyzhsky and Kilmezsky districts of the Kirov region as one of the most representative areas where the Tatar population lives. Within the framework of the expeditions, methods of included observation were used, as well as interviews in the form of interviews. As a result, the attitude of the Tatars towards such religious ceremonial as the obligatory observance of prayer, marriage (nikyah), the prohibition on eating pork, as well as the special position of women was revealed. As the study showed, Tatars in the Kirov region do not have a canonical manifestation of the foundations of Islam, but a folk faith characterized by a simplified perception of these foundations: not all Tatars observe the fivefold prayer, some of them also eat pork. It remains important for the Tatar population to observe the nikyah rite at marriage, but at the same time there is a relaxation in choosing a partner – he can be of any nationality, but must be a Muslim or convert to Islam. There are certain changes in the situation of women: there are no restrictions on their rights and freedoms, and not all Muslim women adhere to a strict and closed style of dress. In addition, the Tatars' desire to combine the traditional way of life with the modern dominant culture, as well as with other national cultures of the region ("neighborly mutual assistance", holding various festivals of traditional cultures, assimilation of Tatars) was revealed. It was concluded that the attitude towards traditional confessional rituals in the Tatar community is softened and does not imply strictness in observance. The results of the study are useful for building intercultural communications between various stakeholders (government, business, non-profit organizations).
Study of Clinical Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations in HIV/AIDS Seen at Tertiary Referral Hospital in India
Authors: Bhagwat Kiran , Yegade Walmik , Singh Jai Inder , Meshram Ashok , Goel Jitesh
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

The pandemic caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the fastest growing health problems in the world today. Neurological manifestations of HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are being seen in a frequency that is parallel to the increasing number of new cases seen the world over. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 36.7 million people in the world are infected with HIV. Neurological manifestations of HIV disease can be seen in 20% of outpatients in HIV clinics and almost half of HIV patients being treated as in-patients. Of the various subtypes of HIV, subtype C is responsible for more than 50% of HIV1 infections causing rapidly growing epidemics in India. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To evaluate the prevalence of neurological manifestation in HIV-positive patients admitted to a tertiary referral Hospital in India. (2) To describe the neurological manifestations documented. (3) To find the possible predictors of neurological manifestations.

Material and Methods:

This study was a single centre prospective cross-sectional study in which out of 200 HIV/AIDS patients, 40 patients with neurological manifestations were analysed over a period of 18 months. They were interviewed and evaluated with particular reference to neurological manifestations, and were classified using the WHO staging system.

Results:

Amongst the studied population of 40 patients, 16 patients (40%) manifested as tuberculous meningitis (TBM) with or without brain tuberculomas, followed by seven patients (18%) presented with peripheral neuropathy and six patients (15%) presented with central nervous system (CNS) vasculitic or multi-infarct state. Cryptococcal meningitis was seen in five patients (12%), efavirenz-induced psychosis/seizure seen in one patient, while HIV-induced polymyositis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, acute inflammatory demylinating polyradiculoneuropathy, AIDS dementia complex and CNS toxoplasmosis were seen in one patient each respectively. One patient presented with dual opportunistic infection with coexistence of cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis.

Conclusion:

Headache with or without vomiting, seizures and altered sensorium were the most common neurological symptoms. Fundus abnormalities, meningeal signs, gait abnormalities, cranial nerve dysfunction and hemiplegia were the most common neurological signs. New-onset headache was a significant predictor of the occurrence of neurological complications. Opportunistic infections such as TBM and Cryptococcal meningitis were most commonly observed.
30 ЛЕТ ТОБОЛЬСКОЙ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ НАУЧНОЙ СТАНЦИИ УРО РАН: ИСТОРИЯ, СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Татарникова А.И.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена истории образования и развития Тобольской комплексной научной станции, которой в 2024 г. исполняется 30 лет. Показан вклад инициаторов создания учреждения, его руководства и трудового коллектива в научное изучение сибирского региона, укрепление материально-технической базы организации, популяризацию научных знаний, налаживание сотрудничества с реальным сектором экономики. Отмечено научное и общественное признание результатов работы коллектива станции.

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and development of the Tobolsk complex scientific station, which turns 30 years old in 2024. The contribution of the initiators of the establishment of the institution, its leadership and staff to the scientific study of the Siberian region, strengthening the material and technical base of the organization, popularization of scientific knowledge, and establishment of cooperation with the real sector of the economy is shown. Scientific and public recognition of the results of the work of the station team was noted.
КОНСПЕКТ ФЛОРЫ ОСОБО ОХРАНЯЕМОЙ ПРИРОДНОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ «ЧИСТОЕ БОЛОТО» (ТЮМЕНСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ)
Authors: Капитонова О.А.
Published: July 2024

Урочище Чистое болото представляет собой уникальный лесоболотный природный комплекс, расположенный на правобережной надпойменной террасе р. Иртыш к северу от г. Тобольска (Тюменская область). Цель исследований заключалась в выявлении флоры высших растений урочища в границах особо охраняемой природной территории «Чистое болото». Результатом работы является конспект флоры изученной территории, содержащий сведения о 461 виде высших растений, относящихся к 282 родам, 105 семействам, 12 классам и 5 отделам, в том числе мохообразных – 121 вид, сосудистых растений – 340 видов. Для каждого вида приводятся характерные места произрастания в пределах урочища, а также встречаемость и обилие. Примечательной особенностью изученной флоры является высокий уровень представленности видов, охраняемых на региональном и национальном уровнях. В пределах урочища выявлено произрастание 38 видов растений, занесенных в Красную книгу Тюменской области с категориями редкости от 0 до 5, еще 4 вида включены в Список редких и уязвимых видов, нуждающихся в постоянном контроле и дополнительном изучении (Приложение к Красной книге Тюменской области) (всего 9.1% от выявленного видового состава), в том числе 7 видов занесены в Красную книгу Российской Федерации.

The “Chistoye boloto (Clean Swamp)” site is a unique forest-swamp natural complex located on the right bank above-floodplain terrace of the river Irtysh north of the city of Tobolsk (Tyumen region). The purpose of the research was to identify the flora of higher plants of the site within the boundaries of a specially protected natural area of the same name. The result of the work is a check-list of the flora of the studied area, containing information about 461 species of higher plants belonging to 282 genera, 105 families, 12 classes and 5 divisions, including bryophytes – 121 species, vascular plants – 340 species. For each species, characteristic places of growth within the site, as well as occurrence and abundance are given. A notable feature of the studied flora is the high level of representation of species protected at the regional and national levels. Within the site, the growth of 38 plant species listed in the Red Book of the Tyumen Region with rarity categories from 0 to 5 was identified, another 4 species are included in the List of rare and vulnerable species that require constant monitoring and additional study (Appendix to the Red Book of the Tyumen Region) (total 9.1% of the identified species composition), including 7 species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
Re-engineering lysozyme solubility and activity through surfactant complexation
Authors: Mu Jiaming , Mao Leran , Andrews Gavin , Carmali Sheiliza
Published: July 2024

Hydrophobic ion-pairing is an established solubility engineering technique that uses amphiphilic surfactants to modulate drug lipophilicity and facilitate encapsulation in polymeric and lipid-based drug delivery systems. For proteins, surfactant complexation can also lead to unfolding processes and loss in bioactivity. In this study, we investigated the impact of two surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) on lysozyme’s solubility, activity, and structure. SDS and DOSS were combined with lysozyme at increasing charge ratios (4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4) via hydrophobic ion pairing at pH 4.5. Maximum complexation efficiency at the 1:1 charge ratio was confirmed by protein quantitation assays and zeta potential measurements, showing a near neutral surface charge. Lysozyme lipophilicity was successfully increased, with log D n-octanol/PBS values up to 2.5 with SDS and 1.8 with DOSS. Bioactivity assays assessing lysis of M. lysodeikticus cell walls showed up to a 2-fold increase in lysozyme’s catalytic ability upon complexation with SDS at ratios less than stoichiometric, suggesting favourable mechanisms of stabilisation. Secondary structural analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that lysozyme underwent a partial unfolding process upon complexation with low SDS concentrations. Molecular dynamic simulations further confirmed that at these low concentrations, a positive conformation was obtained with the active site residue Glu 35 more solvent-exposed. Combined, this suggested that sub-stoichiometric SDS altered the active site’s secondary structure through increased backbone flexibility, leading to higher substrate accessibility. For DOSS, low surfactant concentrations retained lysozyme’s native function and structure while still increasing the protein’s lipophilic character. Our research findings demonstrate that modulation of protein activity can be related to surfactant chemistry and that controlled ion-pairing can lead to re-engineering of lysozyme solubility, activity, and structure. This has significant implications for advanced protein applications in healthcare, particularly towards the development of formulation strategies for oral biotherapeutics.
A Sequential Nitro-Michael Addition and Reductive Cyclization Cascade Reaction for Diastereoselective Synthesis of Multifunc-tionalized 3,3'-pyrrolidinyl-spirooxindoles
Authors: Nichinde Chandrakant , Bhati Meema , Girase Amardipsing , Patil Baliram , Chaudhari Suryakant , Gamidi Rama Krishna , Joshi Kavita , Kinage Anil
Published: July 2024

In this investigation, we elucidated, one-pot two stage efficient synthesis of multifuctionalized spiro[oxindole-3,3′-pyrrolidine]. The methodology proceeds via organocatalyzed nitro-Michael addition reaction between indolylidenecyanoesters and nitroalkanes to formed nitro-Michael adduct which transformed into multifunctionalized 3,3'-pyrrolidinyl-spirooxindoles by metal catalyzed reductive cyclization cascade. DFT investigations were conducted to elucidate the mechanism underlying the preferential reduction of the nitro group, with subsequent attack on the nitrile and ester groups remain inert throughout the reaction process. The approach is operationally simple, easily scalable, exhibits compatibility with readily accessible starting material and catalysts, thereby emphasizing cost effectiveness.
Microbially derived P=S and P=Se bond formation
Authors: Trotter Connor , Gordon Rory , Law Samantha , Wallace Stephen
Published: July 2024

Microbial metabolism is a diverse and sustainable source of synthetic reagents that can be programmed for controlled and high-level production via synthetic biology. However, despite the chemical diversity of metabolism, the chemical utility of metabolites, and the available tools to control metabolic chemistry, there remain few examples of the use of cellular metabolites directly for chemical synthesis. Herein we report that diverse bacteria perform P=S bond formation (Ph3P to Ph3PS) via central sulfur metabolism and non-enzymatic chemistry in vivo and can also be applied to effect microbial P=Se bond formation (Ph3PSe). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first biochemical and genetic investigation of P=S bond formation in a microbial cell and the first use of microbial metabolites for P=Se bond formation in chemical synthesis.
Putting Enhanced Chemical Reactivity in Water Microdroplets Under the Microscope: The Case of a Diels-Alder Reaction
Authors: Gong Ke , Nandy Abhijit , Song Zhexuan , Li Quansong , Hassanali Ali , Cassone Giuseppe , Banerjee Shibdas , Xie Jing
Published: July 2024

Often, chemical reactions are markedly accelerated in microdroplets compared to the corresponding bulk-phase. While identifying the precise causative factors remains challenging, the interfacial electric field (IEF) and partial solvation are the two widely proposed factors, accounting for the acceleration or turning on many reactions in microdroplets. In sharp contrast, this combined computational and experimental study demonstrates that these two critical factors have negligible effect on promoting a model Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between cyclopentadiene and acrylonitrile in water microdroplets. Instead, the acceleration of the DA reaction is driven by the effect of confinement. Quantum chemical calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations coupled with enhanced sampling techniques predict that the air-water interface exhibits a higher free-energy barrier of this reaction than the bulk, while external electric fields marginally reduce the barrier. Remarkably, the catalytic capability of the IEF at the water microdroplet surface is largely hampered by its fluctuating character. Mass spectrometric assessment of the microdroplet reaction corroborate these findings, showing that the DA reaction is not facilitated by the IEF as increasing the spray potential suppresses the DA products by promoting substrate oxidation. While the DA reaction exhibits a surface preference in water microdroplets, the same reaction tends to occur mainly within the core of the acetonitrile microdroplet, suggesting the partial solvation is not necessarily a critical factor for accelerating this reaction in microdroplets. Moreover, experiments indicate that the rapid evaporation of microdroplets and the subsequent reagent enrichment (confinement) caused the observed acceleration of the DA reaction in water microdroplets.
Anticancer activity of 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines
Authors: Oliveira Thaís , Silva Jackson , Esperandim Tábata , Acésio Nathália , Tavares Denise , Crotti Antônio
Published: July 2024

We have synthesized 22 symmetric and asymmetric 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) by a “green” microwave-assisted one-pot multicomponent Hantzsch reaction and evaluated their cy-totoxicity to three human cancer cell lines viz. U-251MG (human glioblastoma), HeLa 229 (human cervical adenocarcinoma), and MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma). None of the 1,4-DHPs were cytotoxic to U-251MG cells. Most of the 1,4-DHPs did not affect HeLa 229 or MCF-7 cell viability. On the other hand, the symmetric 1,4-DHPs 18 ((±)-diethyl 4-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate), 19 ((±)-diethyl 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate), and 20 ((±)-diethyl 4-(3-fluor-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate) reduced HeLa (IC50 = 3.6, 2.3, and 4.1 µM, respectively) and MCF-7 (IC50 = 5.2, 5.7, and 11.9 µM, respectively) cell viability. These 1,4-DHPs were more cytotoxic to HeLa and MCF-7 cells than to GM07492 (normal human fibroblast) cells, as evidenced by their selectivity indexes. Therefore,1,4-DHPs 18, 19, and 20 may serve as novel lead compounds to discover other 1,4-DHP derivatives with improved anti-cancer potency and selectivity.
Substrate diversity of NSUN enzymes and links of 5-methylcytosine to mRNA translation and turnover
Authors: Guarnacci Marco , Zhang Pei-Hong , Kanchi Madhu , Hung Yu-Ting , Lin Hanrong , Shirokikh Nikolay E , Yang Li , Preiss Thomas
Published: July 2024

Maps of the RNA modification 5-methylcytosine (m5C) often diverge markedly not only because of differences in detection methods, data depth and analysis pipelines but also biological factors. We re-analysed bisulfite RNA sequencing datasets from five human cell lines and seven tissues using a coherent m5C site calling pipeline. With the resulting union list of 6,393 m5C sites, we studied site distribution, enzymology, interaction with RNA-binding proteins and molecular function. We confirmed tRNA:m5C methyltransferases NSUN2 and NSUN6 as the main mRNA m5C “writers,” but further showed that the rRNA:m5C methyltransferase NSUN5 can also modify mRNA. Each enzyme recognises mRNA features that strongly resemble their canonical substrates. By analysing proximity between mRNA m5C sites and footprints of RNA-binding proteins, we identified new candidates for functional interactions, including the RNA helicases DDX3X, involved in mRNA translation, and UPF1, an mRNA decay factor. We found that lack of NSUN2 in HeLa cells affected both steady-state levels of, and UPF1-binding to, target mRNAs. Our studies emphasise the emerging diversity of m5C writers and readers and their effect on mRNA function.
The European Green Deal and prospects for Ukraine
Authors: Achasova A. O. , Achasov A. B.
Published: July 2024

In January 2020, the European Union launched the European Green Deal, a comprehensive programme for the transition to new environmental standards in all sectors of the economy with the aim of making Europe the first carbon-neutral continent. Given Ukraine's European ambitions, it is important for it to understand the requirements of the Green Deal and assess the possibilities of taking these requirements into account in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.

Purpose. To examine the requirements and current achievements in the implementation of the European Green Deal with a view to the prospects of Ukraine's post-war recovery.

Results. Based on the EU regulations, current thematic reports, statistics and other open-source publications, the article analyses the main components of the European Green Deal in the context of plans and current achievements in their implementation in the following areas: legislative support, emissions trading system, carbon emissions regulation mechanism at the EU border, transport, energy, construction, agriculture and land use, ecosystem and biodiversity restoration, financial support of the green transition, science and education. Some promising directions of post-war recovery of Ukraine in the context of the Green Deal are considered.

Conclusions. Despite the harsh criticism of the European Green Deal, it is vital to overcome the most acute environmental crisis in history, which threatens sustainable development and possibly the very existence of humanity. During the first 3 years of the Green Deal implementation, significant progress has already been made in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, although there are still some difficulties and obstacles. Ukraine has a significant potential for post-war restoration of the energy and industry sector in line with environmental requirements, but this will require significant investments.