bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor Costs and Localization in Global Value Chains: Comparative Analysis and Conclusions for Poland
Authors: Kapela Magdalena
Published: November 2019

Labor costs in Poland are relatively low in comparison to other European Union (EU) countries. After long period of functioning Poland in closed economy, conditions significantly weakened the level of its competitiveness in the international market. When the boards were opened in 1989, it became clear that cheap work force was one of the most important factors to attract foreign investments. At the same time, globalization and internationalization of production created opportunity for entrepreneurs to establish global value chains. Participation in global value chain (GVC) of Poland can extend international trade and increase gross domestic product (GDP). On the other hand, low wages attract investments in low-technology industries and, moreover, place Poland in the middle of value chains, where semi-products are assembled and new value added is exiguous. The aim of the article is: 1) to present polish participation in global value chain, 2) to analyze how much low labor costs contribute to degree of share in global value chain, and 3) to show how level of labor costs contribute to position in value chain and how does it influence on benefits from participating in GVC. In the article, the quantitative and qualitative assessment of Eurostat (European statistic) and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) statistics data and research on labor costs carried out in Poland were analyzed. The research tools include a critical analysis of literature and descriptive analytical method. More than 50% of polish exports takes place within the global value chains. Low labor costs attract investors to allocate part of their production in Poland. Nevertheless, great part of export constitutes semi-products that do not create new value added so benefits from participation in GVC are not so considerable as expected. It is desirable to shift Poland toward beginning or the end of value chains, where profits are higher.
Measuring the Moment and the Magnitude of the Abrupt Change of the Gaussian Process Bandwidth
Authors: Chernoyarov Oleg , Marčokova Mariana , Salnikova Alexandra , Maksimov Maksim , Makarov Alexander
Published: November 2019

The maximum likelihood algorithm is introduced for measuring the unknown moment of abrupt change and bandwidth jump of a fast-fluctuating Gaussian random process. This algorithm can be technically implemented much simpler than the ones obtained by means of common approaches. The technique for calculating the characteristics of the synthesized measurer is presented and the closed analytical expressions for the conditional biases and variances of the resulting estimates are found using the additive local Markov approximation of the decision statistics. By statistical simulation methods, it is confirmed that the presented measurer is operable, while the theoretical formulas describing its performance well approximate the corresponding experimental data in a wide range of the parameter values of the analyzed random process.
Complicated Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors is Associated with the Presence of a Second Mesiobuccal Canal in Permanent Maxillary First Molars
Authors: Papic Milos , Papic Mirjana , Vuletic Miona , Zdravkovic Dejan , Misic Aleksandra , Zivanovic Suzana
Published: November 2019

Many studies have been conducted in order to define the root canal morphology based on age, gender, ethnic and racial characteristics of the population. However, relations within morphological variations of certain groups of teeth have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of mandibular lateral incisors and to determine the association between their morphologic characteristics and the presence of a second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars. Cone-beam computed tomography images from a pre-existing base were analyzed for the bilateral presence of both permanent mandibular lateral incisors and permanent maxillary first molars. Root canal morphology was analyzed according to the Vertucci classification. Associations of root canal morphologies between incisors and molars were calculated as probabilities using binary logistic regression analysis. In total, 126 mandibular lateral incisors and 126 maxillary first molars were included. 46% of all mandibular lateral incisors showed complicated root canal morphology and Vertucci type III canal configuration as the most frequent. Second mesiobuccal root canal was present in 62.7%. Root canal morphologies showed high level of bilateral symmetry in both tooth groups. The probability of a subject having complicated root canal morphology in lateral incisors was significantly higher when the second mesiobuccal canal was present. Clinicians should consider all available information on patients’ root canal morphology when planning new endodontic treatment. Root canal morphology of permanent mandibular lateral incisors showed high association with the root canal morphology of permanent maxillary first molars.
The Implementation of Results-Based Management in Quebec: Between School Principals’ Optimism and Teachers’ Skepticism
Authors: Kamanzi Pierre Canisius , Lapointe Pierre , Dembélé Martial
Published: November 2019

In this article, we examine the extent to which the implementation of results-based management (RBM) affects socio-professional relationships in public schools in Quebec. Our analyses of interview data show that the perceptions of RBM by Quebec teachers and school principals are more divergent than convergent. The observed differences of perception affects the socio-professional relationships between school principals and teachers to the extent that the former have to find adequate strategies to obtain the commitment of the latter.
POLITIK HUKUM PEMBENTUKAN BADAN KEAMANAN LAUT DALAM MENJAGA KEAMANAN MARITIM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Darajati Muhammad Rafi , Syafei Muhammad
Published: November 2019

As the largest archipelagic state in the world, Indonesia has a very wide sea area. Indonesia has a natural resources which are very plentiful. These are certainly advantageous position for Indonesia as the main strength both in the Southeast Asia and Asia Pacific if we capable to exploiting it. Those conditions also can be a boost for the whole layer components of the nation to increase the possessed capability to establish itself as a maritime nation. However the current maritime security in Indonesia still vulnerable due to high levels of violations there. It happens because there are certain parties who enter Indonesia wanting to exploit the national resources illegally. Based on the various problem that often occur, the effort to protect and ensure the security of the country by seas in an absolute must. Authors use juridical normative research method with literature studies. The result of this research shows that Indonesia government’s strong desire to bring Indonesia into a maritime nations which one of the issues is related to the maritime security is by establishing the Indonesia Coast Guard. As for the legal policy formation Indonesia Coast Guard is to synergy the various agencies in securing the Indonesia’s sea because there will not be a sectoral ego either in institutions or governments which is connected so the maritime security will be run effectively.
MENAKAR PROGRESIVITAS TEKNOLOGI FINANSIAL (FINTECH) DALAM HUKUM BISNIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Tampi Mariske Myeke
Published: November 2019

The PBI Number 19/12/PBI/2017 concerning the Implementation of Financial Technology is a staple of policy that shows the Financial Technology (Fintech) has been allowed to exist in Business Law in Indonesia such as business to business and business to consumer with particular limitation. The regulation on electronic money that has been enacted before the issuance of PBI Number 19/12/PBI/2017 is also included in the definition of Financial Technology (Fintech) in PBI Number 19/12/PBI/2017. Enormous benefits from Financial Technology (Fintech) is a driving force of the progressivity of the Financial Technology (Fintech) regulation. Review of laws relating to Financial Technology (Fintech) in Indonesia illustrates that the policy of Financial Technology (Fintech) is quite progressive. Such progressivity may be examined from the view point of Satjipto Rahardjo’s progressive law theory and Roscoe Pound’s sociological jurisprudence. The cause of the emergence of rules regarding current Financial Technology (ius constitutum) is contained in 4 points of urgency and 3 (three) points of consideration of Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 19/12/ PBI/2017. As long as the product of Financial Technology does not conflict with the existing value system, the Financial Technology product can be developed and regulated in Indonesia in the future (ius constituendum).
TINJAUAN YURIDIS PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN RUMAH SAKIT ATAS KE IKUT SERTAAN DALAM PROGRAM BADAN PENYELENGGARA JAMINAN SOSIAL (BPJS) KESEHATAN
Authors: Gunadi Ariawan , Nursida Ida
Published: November 2019

The Social Security Administering Body (BPJS) is a public legal entity formed to organize a social security program. Social Security Agency can alleviate the burden of society in obtaining health services in hospitals or clinics. This is in accordance with Article 5 Paragraph (1) and Paragraph (2) of Law No.36 Year 2009 on Health. and Article 47 Regulation of Health BPJS No.1 Year 2014 on the implementation of Health Insurance. As an insurance company BPJS health ensures the implementation of health programsHospitals and Clinics as health service providers in demand by the government to play an active role in providing good health services to the community according to its function, in accordance with Law Number 44 Year 2009 on Hospital. But even if the hospital or health service supports the social health insurance program or BPJS is proved by the poster that the Hospital or Clinic receive BPJS patients, does not mean that the service received by the community is in line with expectations.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA TERHADAP PENGGUNA IJAZAH PALSU OLEH ANGGOTA DPRD DALAM PEMILIHAN UMUM LEGISLATIF (CONTOH KASUS PUTUSAN NOMOR: 196 K/PID.SUS/2016)
Authors: Firmansyah Hery , Dewi Imelda Yohana
Published: November 2019

A diploma is usually used as one of the conditions to meet the requirements for registration or recruitment from a position. For example, for the nomination of legislative members to be members of the DPR, DPD, Provincial DPRD and Regency DPRD. However, most legislative candidates in the regions do not have genuine diplomas for certain reasons, eventually the legislative candidates use fake diplomas in order to qualify in the general election. The problem studied is how criminal accountability of fake diploma users by DPRD members in legislative elections (Case Example Decision Number: 196 K / Pid.Sus / 2016)? The research method that I use is a normative legal research method which is also supported by interview data. The author analyzes that criminal liability is adjusted to the condition that a person can be held accountable based on criminal acts committed and articles used where the sanctions are there, in this case the article imposed is Article 69 paragraph (1) of the Law on the National Education System. When viewed from a decision that is used as an example by referring to its legal considerations, a court judge has considered everything so that he can be held to hold criminal responsibility and the judge has the right to decide. The author advises to conduct socialization so that there is no indication of the use of fake diplomas, it is necessary to impose a severe sentence for each actor, and the legislative candidates to be honest in nominating themselves as representatives of the people.
TINJAUAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN TENAGA KERJA ASING DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN PERATURAN PRESIDEN NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2018 JO. PERATURAN MENTERI KETENAGAKERJAAN NOMOR 10 TAHUN 2018
Authors: Atalim S , Debora Shierly
Published: November 2019

Indonesia is a legal state.Developing countries where development of technology is growing rapidly.So the country has high competitiveness to work. Then, the Government issued a new regulation governing Manpower, namely Presidential Regulation 20 Year 2018 concerning the Use of Foreign Workers, followed by its implementing regulation namely Minister of Manpower Regulation 10 year 2018 concerning Procedures for the Use of Foreign Workers, which replacing the old regulation namely Presidential Regulation 72 of 2014 concerning the Use of Foreign Workers and its implementing regulations, namely Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 35 of 2015. However, after the issuance of the latest regulations governing Manpower there were pros and cons, the pros against new regulations this is because since the latest regulation, the users of foreign labor have easy access to the terms of use of foreign workers. As for the contract, because workers in Indonesia feel that since the latest regulation, Indonesian workers feel their chances of working are fewer. So that the author writes about the problem of how the Regional Government policies in the use of foreign workers? The author uses normative legal methods and uses interview data and survey results as supporting data.The results of the research obtained are that the Government has taken a policy that is very helpful for the progress of the national economy in our country, only there are some problems in enforcing the regulations in the community there are still shortcomings.
Benin‘de Kanatlı Hayvan Etinin Üretimi ve Tüketimi
Authors: Issaka Ibrahima Foudelou
Published: November 2019

Bu makalede, Benin‘in kanatlı hayvan eti üretimi sektöründeki girişimcilik fırsatlarının değerlendirebilmesi için kanatlı hayvan etinin üretim ve tüketim değerleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca ülkeye yıllık ithal edilen et ve ekonomik değeri de incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, INSAE, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı (MAEP) ve FAO raporları değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca daha önce yapılmış benzer makalelerden de bazı veriler kullanılmıştır. Bu makalenin sonucunda, kişi başına gelirin büyümesi ve gıda seçeneklerinin genişletilmesi sayesinde gıda ürünleri ve tüketim modellerinin değişmekte olduğu söylenebilmektedir. Benin‘de 2013 (sonraki yıllara ait veri bulunmamaktadır) yılında kişi başına et tüketimi 25,2 kg‘a ulaşmıştır. Ancak dünya ortalaması (43,22 kg/kişi/yıl) dikkate alındığında et tüketiminin oldukça düşük olduğu görülmektedir. Benin‘de ulusal üretilen etlerin %21‘i kanatlı hayvan etinden oluşmaktadır. Ulusal kanatlı hayvan eti üretimi ise yükselen et talebini karşılayamamaktadır. Yerel üretimin tüketimdeki payı 2005‘ten 2013‘e kadar oldukça düşmüştür (%21‘den %6‘ya). Benin‘e ithal edilen toplam et miktarının %98‘i kanatlı hayvan etidir (tavuk ve hindi eti) ve 2010-2016 yılları arasında yıllık ithal edilen kanatlı hayvan eti değeri ortalama 216.358 milyon dolar olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Bu durum döviz kaybına neden olmaktadır. Mevcut veriler değerlendirildiğinde Benin‘de kanatlı hayvan üretimine yönelik yatırım fırsatları değerlendirilmelidir. Ayrıca gıda güvenliği alanında önemli eksiklikler bulunmakta ve bu alanda ihtiyaçların karşılanması ve geliştirilmesi de girişimcilik fırsatlarını içermektedir.
Antosiyaninlerin Stabilitesini Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: Aşkın Buket , Küçüköner Erdoğan
Published: November 2019

Bilindiği gibi antosiyaninler meyve ve sebzelerin kırmızı, mavi, mor tonlardaki renginden sorumlu olan bileşiklerdir. Doğal renk maddelerinden biri olan antosiyaninler flavonoidler grubunda yer alan pigmentlerdir. Antosiyaninler glikozid formunda olup, içerdikleri şekere ve kimyasal kompozisyona bağlı olarak farklı özellikler göstermektedirler. Sağlık üzerine olumlu etkileri ile öne çıkan antosiyaninler, ürünlerin görsel özelliklerini de cazip hale getirirler. Ancak, bu pigmentlerin oldukça sınırlı stabiliteye sahip olması antosiyanin içeren meyve ve sebzelerin farklı ürünlere işlenmesi ve depolanması gibi işlemler sırasında önemli problemler oluşturabilmektedir. Antosiyaninlerin kimyasal yapısı ve stabilitesi ile ilgili önemli faktörler bu derleme kapsamında incelenmiştir.
Erkenez Çayı‘nda (Kahramanmaraş) Süt Ürünleri, Boya ve Tekstil Fabrikası Atık Sularından Kaynaklanan Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Canpolat Özgür , Vanlı Ece
Published: November 2019

Endüstriler atık sularının kompozisyonunun çeşitliliği nedeniyle sucul ekosistemler üzerinde kirlilik kaynağı olarak önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş ili Organize Sanayi Bölgesi‘nde faaliyet gösteren süt ürünleri fabrikası, boya fabrikası ve tekstil fabrikası atık sularının Erkenez Çayı‘nda meydana getirdiği ağır metal kirliliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda süt ürünleri fabrikası, boya fabrikası ve tekstil fabrikası atık sularında ve bu atık suların Erkenez Çayı‘na karıştığı bölgede bazı ağır metallerin (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As ve Hg) mevsimsel olarak konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Bütün istasyonlarda ağır metallerin mevsimsel değişimi dikkate alındığında genel olarak elementlerin en düşük konsantrasyonları kış mevsiminde, en yüksek konsantrasyonları ise yaz mevsiminde tespit edilmiştir. Süt ürünleri, boya ve tekstil fabrikası atık sularının ağır metal içerikleri karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek değerler tekstil fabrikası atık sularında bulunmuştur. İstasyonlar göz önüne alındığında USEPA ve su kalite kriterlerine göre süt ürünleri, boya ve tekstil fabrikası atık suları ile bu atık suların Erkenez Çayı‘na karıştığı bölgenin çok kirli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar dikkate alındığında bu fabrikaların atık sularının Erkenez Çayı‘nda ciddi bir ağır metal kirliliğine neden olduğu açıkça görülmektedir.
Effects of Different Pruning Systems on Fruit Yield and Quality in Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)
Authors: İmrak Burhanettin , Küden Ali , Küden Ayzin B. , Sarıer Abdulkadir
Published: November 2019

This study was established at the experimental field of Horticulture Department of Çukurova University in Adana, Turkey during 2013-2015 harvest period two consecutive years. Two plum cultivars (‘Black Diamond‘, ‘Angeleno‘) and Friar as pollinizer grafted on Myrobolan rootstock were used as plant material. Trees produced commercially good yield in 2014, at the fourth growing season. The aim of this study was to compare four different pruning systems (spindle, 4 leader- Quad-V, central leader and open vase) and six different planting distances (0.8-1-1.2-1.6-2- 4 m and standard inter rows 4 m) for yield (ton ha-1) on several fruit quality variables such as (fruit weight, firmness, fruit flesh/seed weight, TSS, TA). Morphological and phenological characters were observed and chilling accumulation of the study area was determined. Sufficient chilling accumulation was calculated in both years regarding fruit crop load. The best results for quality characteristics were obtained from Spindel (1.2x4 m) high density pruning system for both cultivars. Also, ‘‘Black Diamond‘‘ cultivar on Spindel (1.2 m) gave the highest fruit weight (110.4 g) and yield (62.27 ton ha-1).
Examining the Youth Multi-Sport Event Environment: Implications towards athlete development and transitioning
Authors: MacIntosh Eric , Kinoshita Keita , Naraine Michael , Sato Shintaro
Published: November 2019

Many factors are associated with a person’s attitude formation and intention towards a behavior. In this study, we examined organizational factors that helped form young athletes attitudes regarding their future plans in high performance sport. Through a mixed method survey design, data was collected from 207 young pre-elite athletes who competed during the 2017 Commonwealth Youth Games in Bahamas. Several organizationally controlled aspects of the games environment were found to contribute to young athlete’s satisfaction with the event including their accommodations, available information regarding their sport and finally, the social and cultural activities during games-time. However, satisfaction with the games environment was not predictive of young athletes future intentions to remain in sport. Qualitative thematic coding denoted two key themes related to athlete plans to continue in high performance sport: level of satisfaction and learning. Further, qualitative results revealed five main impediments to continuing in high performance sport specifically, physiological, psychological, performance, environment and life concerns. The paper contributes to our understanding of the controllable and uncontrollable social and environmental factors in a multi-sport international event. Nationally controlled factors that influence young athletes attitude formation, specifically their satisfaction and intentions to remain in sport.
Alma Mater Studiorum. O genezie i początkach uniwersytetów
Authors: Maciejewski Marek
Published: November 2019

The origin of universities reaches the period of Ancient Greece when philosophy (sophists, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, stoics and others) – the “Queen of sciences”, and the first institutions of higher education (among others, Plato’s Academy, Cassiodorus’ Vivarium, gymnasia) came into existence. Even before the new era, schools having the nature of universities existed also beyond European borders, including those in China and India. In the early Middle Ages, those types of schools functioned in Northern Africa and in the Near East (Baghdad, Cairo, Constantinople, cities of Southern Spain). The first university in the full meaning of the word was founded at the end of the 11th century in Bologna. It was based on a two-tiered education cycle. Following its creation, soon new universities – at first – in Italy, then (in the 12th and 13th century) in other European cities – were established. The author of the article describes their modes of operation, the methods of conducting research and organizing students’ education, the existing student traditions and customs. From the very beginning of the universities’ existence the study of law was part of their curricula, based primarily on the teaching of Roman law and – with time – the canon law. The rise of universities can be dated from the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of modernity. In the 17th and 18th century they underwent a crisis which was successfully overcome at the end of the 19th century and throughout the following one.
Działalność kół naukowych prawników zorganizowanych przez polskich oficerów w niewoli niemieckiej w latach 1939–1945
Authors: Janczak Bartosz
Published: November 2019

Albert Hesse was one of the most eminent German professors of economic law and statistics. He was educated at the University Hale-Wittenberg, but spent most of his life, as a researcher in Wroclaw (1921–1945). In the period of Weimar Republic, he became one of the most prominent specialists, in his fields of research. He was engaged in various activities, connect ed with international organisations and on the forum of the League of Nations. What is more, he was also, initially, a worker, and then the co-director of East Europe Institute in Wroclaw, though in 1933, after the Nazis had taken over the power, he lost this position. The time of the Third Reich, was the beginning of Hesse’s end as a researcher as threads of the national socialist ideology appeared more and more often in his academic work, which contributed to a decline in his prestige. Nonetheless, there was no solid evidence of his possible harmfulness to anybody, which allowed him to continue teaching in the postwar Germany.
Pojęcie niezgodności rzeczy sprzedanej z umową
Authors: Zemła Sylwia
Published: November 2019

This article deals with the question of the incompatibility of a sold object with the contract. Before the act of consumer’s rights of 30 May 2014 entered into force, the term in use had been warranty and responsibility on the basis of incompatibility of the consumption item. At present, the regime of responsibility has been unified. One of the main changes included in the act of consumer’s rights is indeed the new form of the hitherto used definition of a physical defect. In the present law state, the priority is given to contractual arrangements, which were made by the parties while concluding the contract. In case no as such agreements are drawn, one should be guided by the objective occurrence included in Art. 5561 §1 c.c., which enables to state if a physical defect of the sold object has occurred. In comparison with the former legal statement of Art. 5561 c.c., the amendment is far more expanded and brings out a plethora of doubts con cerning its interpretation. This article discusses particular subsections and paragraphs of Art. 5561 c.c. simultaneously including research on realistic possibilities of using the laws mentioned above. An attempt to assess the changes has been made. Doubts arise with reference to Art. 5561 §2 c.c. and 5561 §3 c.c., where one is not able to state clearly the accuracy of solutions implemented from the directive 1999/44/WE of the European Parliament and the Committee of 25 May 1999 in terms of certain aspects of consumption items of trade and connected with these, warranties of 25 May 1999 on the basis of Polish law.
Koncepcja argumentu per analogiam i przykłady jego zastosowania w orzecznictwie sądowoadministracyjnym
Authors: Kowalewski Kamil Piotr
Published: November 2019

This article attempts to analyze the construction and application of the per analogiam argument in a practical legal discourse. The author seeks to examine, how the per analogiam argument is constructed, and how is it used by participants of a practical legal discourse. With the aim to find an answer to these questions the author analyzes a number of the judgments passed by the Supreme Administrative Court, wherein the Court comments on how to use the argument of similarities correctly. In addition, the author summarizes the deliberations of the Court on the arguments of similarities with the views of the doctrine on this issue. All these procedures make it possible to determine how and when we should use the per analogiam argumentation to achieve the desired results.
Piastowie śląscy w kronikach
Authors: Skibiński Edward
Published: November 2019

The paper contains an analysis of the vision of Silesia and the Silesian Piasts in our oldest historiography. The chronicles by Gall Anonymous, Master Vincent and Great Poland Chronicle are discussed succesively. Silesia in the narrative of the chronicles until testament Krzywoustego functions as an integral and important part of the Polish state. This is supported by the fact that it became a district of the princeps. Despite the expulsion of Władysław II coming back of his sons in the chronicle of Master Vincent is viewed as a positive step. They are not treated in the text as enemies to Kazimierz and Leszek the White. Their adherence to the camp Mieszko the Old stems rather from the ability of the latter to persuade people. This trend of Master Vincent’s chronicle is not maintained by the Great Poland chronicle. The Chronicler shows distinct dislikes of the Piasts of Silesia and their activities.
Dla kogo Śląsk? Konflikty Piastów w drugiej połowie XII wieku
Authors: Biniaś-Szkopek Magdalena
Published: November 2019

The events of the second half of the twelfth century was a watershed in the relationship between Poland and Silesia. In general, this period of Polish history is considered to be the beginning of the fragmentation of the Piast patrimony into politically separate principalities. Disagreements between individual Piast dynasts led to a series of civil wars which were sett-led by a further division of the Piast realm as apanages to younger members of the dynasty. Opportunistic Imperial interventions in the turbulent internal politics of the Piast monarchy further complicated matters, specifically the thorny issue of overlordship of Silesia became the key aspect of the relationship between Poland and the Empire. For these reasons the later part of the twelfth century is considered the era in which the origins of the separation of Silesia from the Piast monarchy was first placed.
Czy możliwa jest rehabilitacja skazanych w tzw. procesie brzeskim?
Authors: Hoc Stanisław
Published: November 2019

This paper is devoted to legal aspects of an eventual vindication of the former deputies to the Parliament who were sentenced in the so-called Brześć case. The author describes the background to the trial and its course, analyzes the Presidential Decree of 31 October 1939 on amnesty of the convicted, deputies’ interpellations and the bill on vindication of the sentenced. However, those initiatives did not achieve a positive effect because of the end of the VIIth term of the Sejm.
Obywatele Unii Europejskiej – wyborcy Parlamentu Europejskiego – parlamentu ponadnarodowego
Authors: Grochalski Stefan Marek
Published: November 2019

Parliament – an institution of a democratic state – a member of the Union – is not only an authority but also, as in the case of the European Union, the only directly and universally elected representative body of the European Union. The article presents questions related to the essence of parliament and that of a supranational parliament which are vital while dealing with the subject matter. It proves that the growth of the European Parliament’s powers was the direct reason for departing from the system of delegating representatives to the Parliament for the benefit of direct elections. It presents direct and universal elections to the European Parliament in the context of presenting legal regulations applicable in this respect. It describes a new legal category – citizenship of the European Union – primarily in terms of active and passive suffrage to the European Parliament, as a political entitlement of a citizen of the European Union.
Funkcjonowanie Rady Najwyższej Ukrainy (1996–2011). Wybrane aspekty
Authors: Nikołajew Jerzy
Published: November 2019

In the first part of the article, the author deals with the question of the functions of the Ukrainian Parliament, which include constitutional, legislative, budgetary and financial, controlling and creative functions. Then, there are attempts to clarify the meaning of these functions. The author pays particular attention to the importance of the legislative functions of the Verkhovna Rada [Supreme Council]. The next part deals with the issues concerning the structure of the Parliament, including specific responsibilities of various bodies and their functioning. Next, the author refers to the mode of Parliament’s operating, sessions, as well as meetings of committees and commissions. He pays special attention to the fact that the competences of the standing committees of the Ukrainian Parliament cover the entirety of public life in this country. The parliamentary factions are also important for the functioning of the Verkhovna Rada. Further, the author examines the status of Members of Parliament, including the issues of formal and substantive immunity. Next, the subject of the consideration includes the duties and powers arising under the mandate of a people’s deputy. Another topic touches upon the incompatibility of a deputy’s mandate with execution of other public functions. The article is concluded with general remarks which imply that the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada relies on the parliamentary rules used elsewhere. However, what distinguishes the Verkhovna Rada is its unicameralism and corruption problems connected with the functioning of a young democracy.
Prawne aspekty eutanazji w Holandii
Authors: Stefanowicz Grzegorz
Published: November 2019

This article undertakes to show the way that has led to the statutory decriminalization of euthanasia-related murder and assisted suicide in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It presents the evolution of the views held by Dutch society on the euthanasia related practice, in the consequence of which death on demand has become legal after less than thirty years. Due attention is paid to the role of organs of public authority in these changes, with a particular emphasis put on the role of the Dutch Parliament – the States General. Because of scarcity of space and limited length of the article, the change in the attitudes toward euthanasia, which has taken place in the Netherlands, is presented in a synthetic way – from the first discussions on admissibility of a euthanasia-related murder carried out in the 1970s, through the practice of killing patients at their request, which was against the law at that time, but with years began more and more acceptable, up to the statutory decriminalization of euthanasia by the Dutch Parliament, made with the support of the majority of society.
Medical Student Knowledge and Interest in Interventional Radiology following a Rotation Integrated into the Surgery Clerkship
Authors: Kleedehn Mark , Robbins Jessica B. , O’Rourke Ann , Woods Michael , Laeseke Paul
Published: November 2019

Objective:

The objective of the study was to evaluate how early exposure to interventional radiology (IR) affects medical students’ knowledge and interest in IR.

Methods:

Surveys assessing students’ awareness of IR training pathways, IR services, and interest in IR were distributed in 2018. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Likert scale data were evaluated using Mann–Whitney U-test. We hypothesized that students’ interest in IR and knowledge of the specialty would increase following their rotations.

Results:

16/20 (80%) pre-rotation and 13/20 post-rotation (65%) students responded to the surveys. About 73% of pre and 85% of post students knew that IR had its own new residency program. About 50% of pre and 100% of post students knew that integrated IR residency was a new training pathway. About 38% of pre and 46% of post students knew that independent IR residency was a new training pathway. About 38% of pre and 62% of post students knew that early specialization was a new training pathway. The number of students who knew IR had admitting privileges doubled (62% post vs. 31% pre). More students knew that IR had a clinic at our hospital (85% vs. 63%). The level of interest in becoming an IR increased from 3.00 to 3.23 (P = 0.36), and the level of interest in becoming a diagnostic radiologist increased from 2.56 to 2.69 (P = 0.91).

Conclusion:

Awareness of IR as a clinical specialty and familiarity with the new training pathways increased after an IR elective integrated into a surgery rotation. Students’ interest in pursuing IR also non-significantly increased.
Testing a Silver Nanowire Catalyst for the Selective CO₂ Reduction in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Half-cell Setup Enabling High Mass Transport Conditions
Authors: Gálvez-Vázquez María de Jesús , Alinejad Shima , Hu Huifang , Hou Yuhui , Moreno-García Pavel , Zana Alessandro , Wiberg Gustav K. H. , Broekmann Peter , Arenz Matthias
Published: November 2019

In this work, we discuss the application of a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup for benchmarking electrocatalysts for the reductive conversion of CO2 (CO2RR: CO2 reduction reaction). Applying a silver nanowire (Ag-NW) based catalyst, it is demonstrated that in the GDE setup conditions can be reached, which are relevant for the industrial conversion of CO2 to CO. This reaction is part of the so-called 'Rheticus' process that uses the CO for the subsequent production of butanol and hexanol based on a fermentation approach. In contrast to conventional half-cell measurements using a liquid electrolyte, in the GDE setup CO2RR current densities comparable to technical cells (>100 mA cm–2) are reached without suffering from mass transport limitations of the CO2 reactant gas. The results are of particular importance for designing CO2RR catalysts exhibiting high faradaic efficiencies towards CO at technological reaction rates.
Bimetallic Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Ren Dan , Gao Jing , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael
Published: November 2019

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, using the electricity generated from renewable energy sources, has the potential of rendering a carbon-neutral energy economy. Developing selective, efficient and robust electrocatalysts is the key step towards establishing this promising
technology. While different nanostructures of Cu have been extensively studied for the formation of C1–C3 alcohols and hydrocarbons, Cu-based bimetallic catalysts showed better activity compared to monometallic Cu. In this review, we will first summarize recent
advances in designing Cu-X bimetallic catalysts. We categorized the bimetallic catalysts into different groups based on the CO2 reduction activities of the ' X ' metal, including hydrogen-producing metals, formate-producing metals and CO-producing metals. The key factors in determining
the selectivity are discussed. Additionally, representative examples of Cu-free bimetallic catalysts, with appreciable selectivity towards hydrocarbons/alcohols, will also be presented. We will conclude this review with challenges and promising research directions.
Visualization of Latent Fingerprints on Aluminum
Authors: Fischer Rachel , Oetken Marco
Published: November 2019

For aluminum, a new visualization method is presented in which copper is deposited electrochemically. The fingerprint on the aluminum (trace carrier) serves as an insulator as it prevents direct contact between electrolyte and aluminum. The decisive factor is the choice of an ammoniacal
copper sulfate solution, which acts as a corrosion inhibitor due to the ammonia molecules. This enables uniform copper deposition on aluminum and thus the development of a clearly defined negative image.
Penerapan Endless Runner Game untuk Memperkenalkan Pariwisata Kota Pontianak
Authors: Apriyandi Dimas , Anra Hengky , Pratiwi Helen Sasty
Published: November 2019

Sektor pariwisata memegang peranan yang penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia, baik sebagai salah satu sumber penerimaan devisa, memperluas kesempatan kerja maupun kesempatan berusaha. Kota Pontianak memiliki banyak keragaman yang dapat ditonjolkan dalam pariwisata, tetapi muncul sebuah permasalahan karena jumlah wisatawan lokal dan internasional yang mengunjungi Kota Pontianak tergolong lebih sedikit dibandingkan kota lain di Indonesia berdasarkan Badan Pusat Statistik Pontianak. Salah satu faktor yang memegang peran penting dalam hal itu adalah publikasi, pengenalan informasi pariwisata dapat dikenalkan dalam suatu media yang sedang digemari masyarakat yaitu permainan smartphone, salah satunya adalah endless runner game. Permainan endless runner game adalah jenis permainan yang tidak ada akhir, dan tujuan pemain adalah harus mendapatkan skor tertinggi. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan pariwisata Kota Pontianak melalui endless runner game. Responden memiliki latar belakang 10 masyarakat warga negara Indonesia, dan 10 masyarakat warga negara selain Indonesia, yang berusia 20 - 30 tahun dan pernah berwisata. Data tersebut diolah menggunakan Likert’s Summated Rating dan mendapatkan hasil 1139 yaitu aplikasi cukup berhasil dalam segi mekanik, cerita atau informasi, dan aestetika, serta berdasarkan hasil pengujian dari Bitbar Testing menyatakan 100% metode dalam aplikasi dapat berjalan lancar dalam perangkat Android.
View of modern medicine in Islamic perspective
Authors: Fathin Faziera Mansor  , Mohd Rahman Omar
Published: November 2019

The term ‘Islamic medicine’ is controversial. Some denied modern medicine as Islamic practice as its origin from the Western. They believe Islamic medical practices follow the Prophetic Medicine (‘Al-Tibb al-nabawī’) which is the advice and practices of the Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) regarding sickness and treatment. This review is to enlighten practitioners regarding the concept of Islamic medicine and the view of modern medicine from the Islamic perspective.These literature reviews were carried out by collecting evidence from books, reports and the electronic databases (Google Scholars, Medline, PUBMED and EBSCOhost). According to the majority of Islamic and medicine scholars, the concept of Islamic medicine does not contradict the concept of modern medicine.  The major differences was the basic paradigms, concept values and procedure conform to the Quran, Sunnah and tawhid to Allah.  Islamic medicine is universal, flexible, and allows for growth and development. There is misconception the term Islamic Medical practice came from the Arabic civilization from the time of the Prophet (pbuh). Modern medicine on the other hand was a journey of knowledge by all civilizations including Ancient Egyptian, Greek and Medieval Islamic during the legacy of Prophet Muhammad pbuh. Further steps are needed to abolish misconceptions in Islamic medicine and to instil awareness among Muslim patients seeking medical treatment. Science and knowledge from ancient civilization, along with research in the modern day setting gives rise to modern medicine. Understanding the origin of modern medicine will deliberately highlight parts of the Islamic way of practicing medicine.
Feasibility of Dect Imaging in material separation: A Phantom Study
Authors: Zuraida Ramli  , Rafidah Zainon  , Abd Aziz Tajuddin  , Nur Shakila Othman
Published: November 2019

Dual-energy CT allows the determination of tissue composition based on the different atomic numbers and attenuation profiles of the constituents. The aims of this study is to assess the feasibility of dual-energy CT at Imaging Unit, Advanced Medical, and Dental Institute, USM, to quantify different materials, permitting imaging assessment of elemental deficiencies, metabolic imbalances, and any abnormal tissue in clinical practice. The study was conducted at the Imaging Unit, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The study was performed using a new fabricated abdominal phantom for spectral CT imaging that scanned on the single-source, fast switching dual-energy CT scanner (Somatom Definition; Siemens AG, Wittelsbacherplatz Muenchen, Germany) system in dual-energy mode at tube voltages of 80 kVp for low energy and 140 kVp for high energy using abdominal protocol. The phantom was scanned at 4.0 mm slice thickness and pitch value 1.2 using CAREDose 4D (automated tube current modulation). Four tubes filled with calcium chloride, ferric nitrate, water, and sunflower oil that represents bone, blood, soft tissue, and fat respectively were analyzed in an abdominal phantom. Image post-processing was analyzed. All the tissue-mimicking materials, calcium chloride, ferric nitrate, water, and oil can be differentiated clearly in an unenhanced image scan. By applying the two different energy levels, all these materials can be accurately differentiated from one another based on their differential absorption levels of the x-ray energy. The material separation in the dual-energy CT technique is based on the attenuation interaction in the irradiated materials by applying varies x-ray beam at low and high energy. Furthermore, in clinical practice, a radiation source is usually composed of individual photons with a wide range of energies, and each photon energy is attenuated differently by the types of tissues in the human body. Material separation can be accurately quantified with a dual-energy CT system available at Universiti Sains Malaysia. Thus, the dual-energy CT capable of tissue characterization.
A study on prevalence and effects of allergic rhinitis and asthma on quality of life among secondary school’s student in Kinta District, Perak
Authors: Soe AK  , Aizat AF  , Bellahcene MA  , Atiqah N  , Husna N
Published: November 2019

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) are common inflammatory chronic respiratory diseases, and they are significant public health challenges on a global scale. The prevalence of these diseases are on the rise in all regions of the world, affecting all ages but more commonly among children and adolescences. Both AR and BA affect patients to a different extent with variable restrictions in the physical, emotional, and social aspects of the patient's life. They may be seen as two presentations of the same disease by sharing common epidemiologic, histologic, physiologic, and immunopathologic linkages. To determine the prevalence and impact of allergic rhinitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis with asthma on quality of life among secondary school students in Kinta District, Perak. A cross-sectional study was done among secondary school students from randomly selected three schools in Kinta District, Ipoh, Perak. A well-vetted and validated questionnaire was used to collect the data, and statistical analysis was done to determine the prevalence and impact of AR, BA, or both. A total of 250 secondary school students were involved in this study. Malays were the majority among the participants. The prevalence of AR alone, BA alone, and disease co-occurance were 27.2%, 9.2%, and 8%, respectively. Nearly 20% of the participants were troublesome but low scale in terms of quality of life followed by disturbed sleep, restricted participation in school, and daily activities. Only 6% of the participants experienced sleep disturbance due to asthma, but daily anti-asthmatic medication was essential in only 1.2%. This study showed that although a relatively high prevalence of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. There was no significant low quality of life among sufferers.
Alternative paper produced from albedo of citrus maxima (POMELO)
Authors: Nia Camelia  , Nur Alissa  , Nax Cynosius  , Sofia Safee  , Muhammad Irfan  , Khor Poh Yen  , Seow Lay Jing
Published: November 2019

Paper is a material that are produced by pulp that are being compressed, which are one of the leading cause of pollution in an aquatic environment.  The aim of the study was to produce a non-chemical treatment natural paper from pomelo albedo waste.  The Citrus Maxima (Pomelo) albedo wastes were heated in distilled water and converted into pulp.  The pulp was placed in a handmade frame and oven-dried at 60°C for an hour. A paper quality survey was conducted among diploma in pharmacy students (N=36) using a structured interviewing questionnaire. Eighty percent of the respondents agree/strongly agree that different colour of pen, 2B pencil, colour pencil, and crayon can be used as in written or sketch on the albedo pomelo paper. There is no clear tendency to result on the usage of highlighter and correction Tape.  Most of the respondents disagree with smoothness, elasticity, and waterproof of the paper. The Pomelo paper is potential as an alternative eco-friendly natural paper for writing and colouring with different materials. The pomelo paper making process can be shared as an educational kit, especially to children, to expose them on the papermaking process.
The screening of antioxidant activities and FTIR analysis of Christia Vespertilionis leaves extracts
Authors: Nur Syafiqah Salma Mohd Shukri  , Vikneswari Perumal  , Tavamani Balan  , Suganya Murugesu  , Alfi Khatib  , Mohammed S. M. Saleh  , Lee Wing Hin  , Khairun Afiqah Darus  , Izzyan Ahmad Zailani  , Fatin Alya Huda Muhamad Zahidi
Published: November 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals may be harmful to our body as it can cause many health problems. Antioxidants can act as radical scavengers to prevent these mechanisms. Christia vespertilionis or butterfly wings is widely found in South East Asia, traditionally used for many medical benefits. There are limited data that can be found about this plant from all possible scientific sources. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze multiple C. vespertilionis leaves extracts for its antioxidants’ capacity and infrared analysis. Five different extracts of different solvents viz, hexane, hexane: ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate: methanol, and methanol were obtained from C. vespertilionis leaves. All the extracts were assessed for 2, 2-diphenyl-1-pierylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) followed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate: methanol showed high radical scavenging activity with the lowest IC50 value of 0.549 ± 0.02 mg/mL compared to other extracts while ethyl acetate: hexane has the highest FRAP value of 271.67 ± 0.93 AAE µg ascorbic acid/g. The rapid FTIR analysis revealed the present of O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O, and N-H predominantly in the extracts. This study provides the information for further application of C. vespertilionis on various pharmacological and phytochemical aspects as not many scientific studies can be found.