bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Talk Dan Waktu Reaksi
Authors: Megantara Surya Medal
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the effect that self-talk has on the reaction time. In this study using the same research method with research methods conducted by tod et.al (2009). the population is all students of Level 3 PJKR Study Program. The sampling technique used is random sampling. Test results on these tests indicate that the significance level is 0. <0.05. Thus, ho is rejected and ha is accepted. In other words, there is an effect of self-talk on reaction time.
Peranan Olahraga Beladiri Militer Yongmoodo terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Anggota TNI-AD
Authors: Triono Sandi Dwi
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine whether the impact of Yongmoodo military martial sports on the self-confidence of TNI-AD members. The method used is the ex post facto method which is a research method used to solve or answer the problems faced in the current situation. The population in this study were members of the Indonesian Armed Forces in the Army Pangalengan. The sample used amounted to 27 people selected through simple random sampling technique. The instrument used was in the form of a questionnaire with the number of questions used 35 questions with instrument reliability 0.893. The results of the test of significance level indicate that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0,000 smaller than <0.05, which means that there is a significant influence of Yongmoodo martial arts on the confidence of members of the Army. The results of processing the confidence percentage data were 91.78%, with sub-variables of confidence in self-ability 92.59%, optimistic 82.96%, objective 90.33%, and responsible 91.85%, rational and realistic 89, 38%. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant influence on the yongmoodo military martial arts against the confidence of members of the TNI-AD SECATA, Pangalengan.
LEVEL OF SEX HORMONES AND THE SEVERITY OF HYPERPLASTIC PROCESSES IN THE GENITAL TRACT IN WOMEN WITH CHRONIC CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION
Authors: Guskova N. K. , Verenikina E. V. , Myagkova T. Yu. , Menshenina A. P. , Guskova E. A. , Chernikova N. V. , Selyutina O. N.
Published: March 2020

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the role of chronic chlamydial infection in the genesis of proliferative processes in the female genital area.

Materials and methods. The study involved 267 women aged from 27 to 43 years. Depending on the severity of the pathological process in the genital tract and the presence of the Chlamydia trachomatis infection, 6 groups were distinguished: 1st — 30 somatically healthy women without pathologies of the female reproductive system; 2nd and 3rd — those with inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs of non-chlamydial (36) and chlamydial nature (38); 4th and 5th — those with proliferative processes in the pelvic organs of non-chlamydial (50) and chlamydial nature (58); 6th — patients with cervical cancer (55). The PCR and ELISA (Chem Well, USA) methods were used to identify the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis. The concentration of estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) (ELISA) in the blood, as well as their ratio (E/P), was determined. The as-obtained data were compared with the results of cytomorphological and ultrasound studies.

Results. Proliferative processes in the genital tract are accompanied by a change in the level of female sex hormones, in particular, by a sharp decrease in progesterone in the luteal phase of the cycle against the background of absolute or relative hyperestrogenism. These changes are more pronounced in women with chronic chlamydial infection. A connection between the presence of the infectious agent in question and the severity of hyperplastic processes in the female genital tract is established. A comparison of the obtained morphological data with the blood progesterone content in women without Chlamydia trachomatis showed that an increase in the severity of disorders correlates with a decrease in the level of female hormones. In women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis, the severity of hyperplastic processes shifts to the right, i. e. towards normal progesterone values. Therefore, even at maximal progesterone concentrations close to the reference values, a greater severity of pathological changes is observed.

Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate the undeniable role of chronic chlamydial infection in initiating a hormonal imbalance towards absolute or relative hyperestrogenia with a severe progesterone deficiency. A causal relationship of the Chlamydia trachomatis infectious agent with the severity of hyperplastic processes in the pelvic organs is established. It is concluded that the detection of chlamydial infection should be considered as an essential element in the screening and prevention of hyperplastic processes.
Acerca de la constitucionalización del Derecho Privado.
Authors: Tomás Guillermo Rueda
Published: March 2020

La denominada “Constitucionalización del derecho privado” suscita algunas controversias en la doctrina por las diferentes posiciones asumidas en orden a su significado y alcance. Sin embargo, la introducción de los “nuevos derechos y garantías” en la re- forma constitucional de 1994, como también la valorable recepción legislativa de los derechos humanos (Art. 75, inc. 22, CN), que constituyen derechos fundamentales de jerarquía supranacional, exigen del Derecho Privado su adecuación a estas nuevas fuentes y no únicamente su subordinación (Art. 31, CN). El nuevo código civil y comercial no desatendió esa directiva, disponiendo su interpretación conforme a los Tratados sobre derechos humanos, los principios y los valores jurídicos, de modo coherente con todo el ordenamiento” (Art. 2 CCCN). La meritoria positivización de los Derechos Humanos, en la Constitución Nacional, impuso su aplicación en el nuevo código, fiel al efecto operativo de aquella.
GPS virtualiosios referencinės stoties regresinis modelis, taikant kolokacinius signalinius parametrus
Authors: Skeivalas Jonas , Dargis Robertas
Published: March 2020

Straipsnyje pateikiamas GPS metodu nustatytų taškų koordinačių, nešlio fazių skirtumų bei pseudoatstumų pataisų
skaičiavimo principas, sudarant GPS virtualiųjų stočių regresinius modelius pagal kolokacinius signalinius parametrus. Kolokaciniai
signaliniai parametrai nėra susiję funkcinėmis ir tikimybinėmis priklausomybėmis su pagrindiniais regresinių lygčių parametrais,
tačiau egzistuoja tikimybinė priklausomybė tarp papildomų ir signalinių parametrų. Regresinių lygčių parametrų reikšmės apskaičiuojamos
mažiausiųjų kvadratų metodu pagal žinomas tikslias referencinių stočių koordinates bei išmatuotas atitinkamų GPS dydžiu reikšmės. GPS
vartotojo imtuvu išmatuotų dydžių pataisos skaičiuojamos pagal sudarytus regresinius prognozinius modelius taikant apskaičiuotas
parametrų reikšmes. Prognozinių modelių tikslumas įvertinamas kovariacijų matricomis.
GPS virtualiosios referencinės stoties regresinio prognozinio modelio eksperimentiniai tyrimai
Authors: Skeivalas Jonas , Dargis Robertas
Published: March 2020

Straipsnyje pristatomi eksperimentiniai GPS metodu nustatytų taškų koordinačių pataisų tikslumo tyrimai,
sudarant GPS virtualiųjų stočių regresinius prognozinius modelius. Regresinių prognozinių lygčių parametrų reikšmės apskaičiuojamos
mažiausiųjų kvadratų metodu, taikant kolokaciją ir žinomas tikslias GPS referencinių stočių koordinates bei išmatuotų atitinkamų
GPS dydžių reikšmes. GPS vartotojo imtuvu išmatuotų prognozinių koordinačių pataisos skaičiuojamos pagal virtualiosiose stotyse
sudarytus regresinius modelius, taikant apskaičiuotas parametrų reikšmes. Pagal prognozinius modelius nustatytų GPS vartotojo
imtuvo prognozinių koordinačių tikslumas įvertinamas jų kovariacijų matricų įverčiais.
GLOBAL DISCUSSION ON THE FUTURE OF WORK
Authors: Zotova E. , Beletskaya M.
Published: March 2020

The article addresses the issues that are the subject of a global discussion on the future of work. The article reflects on the discussions of the future of work carried out by the G20 countries and the expert community. It reveals that the future of work starts today. Creation of high-quality jobs and expansion of employment opportunities, along with the implementation of labor rights of workers and ensuring their social protection are the main objective of countries policies aimed at shaping the future of work. The technological revolution, the demographic transition and globalization processes determine global trends, which influence labor market relations and institutions. Countries are concerned with the growth of informal employment and individualization of labor, leading to the decline of social protection coverage of workers. The future of work is increasingly influenced by education, qualifications and professional skills of workers that they receive throughout life. Ensuring labor rights of workers involved in the new forms of employment, as well as their social protection, remains a priority. Shaping of the future of work requires social dialogue and active participation of governments, associations of employers and trade unions or other organizations representing the interests of workers.
A REVIEW OF STUDIES ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TELEMEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Maslov A.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of a review of Russian and foreign literature on telemedicine. With the entry into force of the law on telemedicine in Russia, the spread of technologies for remote medical consultations has been accelerated, while the question of the economic eﬀectiveness of relevant technologies in Russian conditions remains unresolved. In this paper, 27 studies on the telemedicine economy (20 cost-benefit studies and 7 cost-utility studies) and 4 studies on the barriers to the introduction of telemedicine in practice, are analyzed. In most cases, telemedicine can reduce healthcare costs. In those cases when telemedicine is economically ineﬃcient, but its use improves the quality of medical services, the decision to use telemedicine should be taken depending on how much society values the added years of life and the saved years of quality life.
SMRT, VNEBOVZETJE IN VLOGA BOŽJE MATERE MARIJE V VERSKI TRADICIJI TER SLOVENSKIH LEGENDARNIH IN NABOŽNIH LJUDSKIH PESMIH
DEATH, ASSUMPTION AND THE ROLE OF MARY, GOD’S MOTHER IN RELIGIOUS TRADITION AND IN SLOVENIAN LEGENDARY AND RELIGIOUS FOLK SONGS</br
Authors: Brozovič Maruša
Published: March 2020

Razprava predstavi motiv Marijine smrti in vnebovzetja ter njeno vlogo priprošnjice v smrtni uri posameznika v legendarnih in nabožnih ljudskih pesmih ter apokrifnih molitvah. Z interdisciplinarno primerjalno metodo pokažemo na izvor verskih motivov iz zgodnjekrščanskih apokrifnih del, ki se pojavljajo v izbranih ljudskih pesmih. Marija je za svojo vlogo Božje Matere poplačana z najvišjo častjo: duševnim in telesnim vnebovzetjem, njena nova vloga v nebesih pa je vedno usmiljena materinska pomoč vernikom.***This paper considers motives of Saint Mary’s death and Assumption and her saving mediation in the last hour of individual in legendary and religious folk songs, as well as apocryphal prayers. With the interdisciplinary comparative method, we point on the source of religious motives from early Christian Apocrypha, included in Slovenian folk songs. Mary is well payed for her role of God’s Mother with Assumption of body and soul. Her new position in heaven is to help the men as always-merciful mother.
TRADICIJA LJUDSKIH PESMI V GLASBI SODOBNIH POGREBNIH SLOVESTNOSTI
MANUSCRIPT SONGBOOKS: BETWEEN RELIGIOUS AND FOLK

Authors: Prelovšek Anita
Published: March 2020

Po ugotovitvah terenske raziskave pogrebne glasbe v sodobni Sloveniji ostaja ljudska pesem glavna spremljevalka slovesa od pokojnih. Iz pisnih virov in pogovorov z glasbeniki, ki na pogrebih nastopajo več desetletij, izvemo, da je bila na pogrebih v preteklosti ljudska glasba v izvedbi moških pevskih skupin tradicionalna glasbena praksa. Terenska raziskava je pokazala, da se danes ta tradicija dopolnjuje z uporabo različnih zvrsti glasbe od klasične do popularne v izvedbi vokalnih ali inštrumentalnih skupin in solistov.***The field research of funeral music in today's Slovenia indicates that traditional songs are often employed to accompany the process of bidding farewell to a deceased person. From written sources and in conversations with musicians performing at funerals for decades, we find out that traditional music performed by male vocal groups was a traditional musical practice at funerals in the past. Field research revealed that this tradition is complemented by the use of various types of music from classical to popular, performed by vocal and instrumental soloists and groups.
Bioactive compounds from Syzygium malaccense leaves: optimization of the extraction process, biological and chemical characterization
Authors: Savi Aline , Calegari Matheus Augusto , Calegari Gabrielle Cristina , Santos Vidiany Aparecida Queiroz , Wermuth Denise , Cunha Mário Antônio Alves da , Oldoni Tatiane Luiza Cadorin
Published: March 2020

Syzygium malaccense belongs to the family Myrtaceae and it is popularly recognised as ‘jambo’ in Brazil. It is poorly studied regarding the bioactive compounds of fruits and leaves. This study aimed at optimizing the extraction and characterization of bioactives compounds from S. malaccense leaves. Extraction was optimized using a 23 full factorial design to evaluate the effect of ethanol concentration, time and temperature on polyphenols and antioxidants contents. Analyses of phenolic compounds content (Folin-Ciocalteau and HPLC-DAD), in vitro antioxidant capacities (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP), antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts of ethanolic extract was carried out in optimal conditions of extraction. The optimized extraction condition was 45 min., 80°C and 40:60 (v v-1) ethanol:water. The extract showed high total phenolic content (0.074 mg GAE kg-1), DPPH (0.666 μmol TE kg-1) and ABTS (0.853 μmol TE kg-1) free radical scavenging ability and appreciable ferric reducing power (1.267 μmol Fe2+ kg-1). HPLC methodology allowed the identification of four bioactive compounds: gallic acid (0.00036 mg kg-1), catechin (0.00021 mg kg-1), rutin (0.00027 mg kg-1) and quercetin (0.00003 mg kg-1). The extract showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus (1 µg L-1); S. bongori (8 µg L-1), C. albicans and C. tropicalis (2 µg L-1). It also showed microbicidal potential against S. aureus; C. albicans and C. tropicalis.
Simulation-based analysis of AGV workload used on aircraft manufacturing system: a theoretical approach
Authors: Nunes Victor Abreu , Barbosa Gustavo Franco
Published: March 2020

competitiveness in the aircraft manufacturing industry requires continuous improvement and modernization of its manufacturing processes, in order to keep the companies competitive in the market. In this context, the use of advanced manufacturing technologies and systems has been incessantly pursued to achieve productivity gains, sustainability and reduction of production costs, as well as being important in the individuals’ quality of life. Autonomous robotic systems such as Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have been used on shop floor to assist the aggregation of these competitive advantages to the business. Coupled to the use of these vehicles, other technologies such as the internet, digital factory and cloud-computing have been integrated into manufacturing in direction of the so-called advanced manufacturing, or Industry 4.0. Thus, this work aims to apply the concepts of digital factory in an example of aircraft manufacturing system, to analyze the efficiency and workload of the AGVs that transport materials from the warehouse to the assembly stations. Based on a theoretical approach by discrete-event simulation method and guided by the principles of Industry 4.0, analysis related to needed amount of AGVs, cycle times, deliveries and downtime of the vehicles were performed for different situations. Thus, it searches for better results in terms of productivity and decision-making support regarding adding-value related to materials transporting and information over long distances, delays, waiting and unnecessary movement of workers, in order to obtain improvement and profits for the aircraft manufacturing system.
Pesquisa como princípio científico e educativo na formação do enfermeiro / Research as a scientific and educational principle in nursing training
Authors: Begui Janaína Recanello , Guariente Maria Helena Dantas de Menezes , Garanhani Mara Lúcia , Carvalho Brígida Gimenez de , Ferrari Rosângela Aparecida Pimenta , Galdino Maria José Quina
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: Identificar como a abordagem do tema investigação científica pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da competência científica na percepção de estudantes do curso de Enfermagem. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritivo-exploratória do tipo estudo de caso desenvolvida em um curso de graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio de três grupos focais com 23 estudantes e de análise documental. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e discutidos na perspectiva teórica de Pedro Demo. Resultados: Dos dizeres, evidenciaram-se duas categorias: “Construindo a competência investigativa: definição, importância e momentos de aprendizagem” e “A competência científica em formação: a pesquisa como subsídio para a prática profissional”. Considerações finais: A competência investigativa para a formação do enfermeiro atribuiu-se aos arranjos curriculares, ao método da problematização, à estratégia pedagógica tutorial, ao papel do professor como ativador no processo ensino-aprendizagem em pesquisa e às atividades extracurriculares, para aperfeiçoamento da prática.
Age-Dependent Effects of Type I and Type III IFNs in the Pathogenesis of Bordetella pertussis Infection and Disease
Authors: Ardanuy Jeremy , Scanlon Karen , Skerry Ciaran , Fuchs Serge Y. , Carbonetti Nicholas H.
Published: March 2020

Type I and III IFNs play diverse roles in bacterial infections, being protective for some but deleterious for others. Using RNA-sequencing transcriptomics we investigated lung gene expression responses to Bordetella pertussis infection in adult mice, revealing that type I and III IFN pathways may play an important role in promoting inflammatory responses. In B. pertussis–infected mice, lung type I/III IFN responses correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokine expression and with lung inflammatory pathology. In mutant mice with increased type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) signaling, B. pertussis infection exacerbated lung inflammatory pathology, whereas knockout mice with defects in type I IFN signaling had lower levels of lung inflammation than wild-type mice. Curiously, B. pertussis–infected IFNAR1 knockout mice had wild-type levels of lung inflammatory pathology. However, in response to infection these mice had increased levels of type III IFN expression, neutralization of which reduced lung inflammation. In support of this finding, B. pertussis–infected mice with a knockout mutation in the type III IFN receptor (IFNLR1) and double IFNAR1/IFNLR1 knockout mutant mice had reduced lung inflammatory pathology compared with that in wild-type mice, indicating that type III IFN exacerbates lung inflammation. In marked contrast, infant mice did not upregulate type I or III IFNs in response to B. pertussis infection and were protected from lethal infection by increased type I IFN signaling. These results indicate age-dependent effects of type I/III IFN signaling during B. pertussis infection and suggest that these pathways represent targets for therapeutic intervention in pertussis.
Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing in Uncultured Naive Mouse T Cells for In Vivo Studies
Authors: Nüssing Simone , House Imran G. , Kearney Conor J. , Chen Amanda X. Y. , Vervoort Stephin J. , Beavis Paul A. , Oliaro Jane , Johnstone Ricky W. , Trapani Joseph A. , Parish Ian A.
Published: March 2020

CRISPR/Cas9 technologies have revolutionized our understanding of gene function in complex biological settings, including T cell immunology. Current CRISPR-mediated gene editing strategies in T cells require in vitro stimulation or culture that can both preclude the study of unmanipulated naive T cells and alter subsequent differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate highly efficient gene editing within uncultured primary naive murine CD8+ T cells by electroporation of recombinant Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein immediately prior to in vivo adoptive transfer. Using this approach, we generated single and double gene knockout cells within multiple mouse infection models. Strikingly, gene deletion occurred even when the transferred cells were left in a naive state, suggesting that gene deletion occurs independent of T cell activation. Finally, we demonstrate that targeted mutations can be introduced into naive CD8+ T cells using CRISPR-based homology-directed repair. This protocol thus expands CRISPR-based gene editing approaches beyond models of robust T cell activation to encompass both naive T cell homeostasis and models of weak activation, such as tolerance and tumor models.
Oral anticoagulant therapy in atrial fibrillation older patients with previous bleeding
Authors: Bo Mario , Giannecchini Francesco , Papurello Martina , Brunetti Enrico
Published: March 2020

Oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) with direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs) is the established treatment to reduce thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Bleeding risk scores are useful to identify and correct factors associated with bleeding risk in AF patients on OAT. However, the clinical scenario is more complex in patients with previous bleeding event, and the decision about whether and when starting or re-starting OAT in these patients remains a contentious issue. Major bleeding is associated with a subsequent increase in both short- and long-term mortality, and even minimal bleeding may have prognostic importance because it frequently leads to disruption of antithrombotic therapy. There is an unmet need for guidance on how to manage antithrombotic therapy after bleeding has occurred. While waiting for observational and randomized data to accrue, this paper offers a perspective on managing antithrombotic therapy after bleeding in older patients with AF.
Timing and Predictors of Subspecialty Career Choice Among Internal Medicine Residents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Jingkun , Singhal Surbhi , Weng Yingjie , Bentley Jason P. , Chari Neel , Liu Teresa , Delgado-Carrasco Karina , Ahuja Neera , Witteles Ronald , Kumar Andre
Published: March 2020

Background

Internal medicine residents face numerous career options after residency training. Little is known about when residents make their final career choice.

Objective

We assessed the timing and predictive factors of final career choices among internal medicine residents at graduation, including demographics, pre-residency career preferences, and rotation scheduling.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of graduates of an academic internal medicine residency program from 2014 to 2017. Main measures included demographics, rotation schedules, and self-reported career choices for residents at 5 time points: recruitment day, immediately after Match Day, end of postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1), end of PGY-2, and at graduation.

Results

Of the 138 residents eligible for the study, 5 were excluded based on participation in a fast-track program for an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education subspecialty fellowship. Among the remaining 133 residents, 48 (36%) pursued general internal medicine fields and 78 (59%) pursued fellowship training. Career choices from recruitment day, Match Day, and PGY-1 were only weakly predictive of the career choice. Many choices demonstrated low concordance throughout training, and general medicine fields (primary care, hospital medicine) were frequently not decided until after PGY-2. Early clinical exposure to subspecialty rotations did not predict final career choice.

Conclusions

Early career choices before and during residency training may have low predictability toward final career choices upon graduation in internal medicine. These choices may continue to have low predictability beyond PGY-2 for many specialties. Early clinical exposure may not predict final career choice for subspecialties.
Como culpar os trabalhadores por suas próprias mortes: uma análise das políticas públicas para os acidentes de trabalho durante a ditadura militar
Authors: Speranza Clarice Gontarski
Published: March 2020

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A global rockfall map of the Moon powered by AI and Big Data
Authors: Bickel Valentin , Aaron Jordan , Manconi Andrea , Loew Simon , Mall Urs
Published: March 2020

Under certain conditions, meter to house-sized boulders fall, jump, and roll from topographic highs to topographic lows, a landslide type termed rockfall. On the Moon, these features have first been observed in Lunar Orbiter photographs taken during the pre-Apollo era. Understanding the drivers of lunar rockfall can provide unique information about the seismicity and erosional state of the lunar surface, however this requires high resolution mapping of the spatial distribution and size of these features. Currently, it is believed that lunar rockfalls are driven by moonquakes, impact-induced shaking, and thermal fatigue. Since the Lunar Orbiter and Apollo programs, NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) returned more than 2 million high-resolution (NAC) images from the lunar surface. As the manual extraction of rockfall size and location from image data is time intensive, the vast majority of NAC images have not yet been analyzed, and the distribution and number of rockfalls on the Moon remains unknown. Demonstrating the potential of AI for planetary science applications, we deployed a Convolutional Neural Network in combination with Google Cloud’s advanced computing capabilities to scan through the entire NAC image archive. We identified 136,610 rockfalls between 85°N and 85°S and created the first global, consistent rockfall map of the Moon. This map enabled us to analyze the spatial distribution and density of rockfalls across lunar terranes and geomorphic regions, as well as across the near- and farside, and the northern and southern hemisphere. The derived global rockfall map might also allow for the identification and localization of recent seismic activity on or underneath the surface of the Moon and could inform landing site selection for future geophysical surface payloads of Artemis, CLPS, or other missions. The used CNN will soon be available as a tool on NASA JPL’s Moon Trek platform that is part of NASA’s Solar System Treks (trek.nasa.gov/moon/).
Mechanisms of soil matrix water replenishment in a sub-arctic till soil based on an isotope tracer experiment
Authors: Muhic Filip , Ala-Aho Pertti , Sprenger Matthias , Marttila Hannu , Klöve Björn
Published: March 2020

Due to changes in the snowmelt timing and the potential shift towards less snowfall and more rainfall, infiltration patterns into the soil will increasingly be altered in a warming climate. Mixing and transport processes of water in the unsaturated topsoil layer regulate the subsurface transport and retention of solutes and contaminants, as well as the distribution of plant available water. Recent advances in soil isotope ecohydrology indicate that in some ecosystems, water in macropores largely bypasses soil matrix and rapidly percolates into the groundwater. Here we combine tracer experiments and geophysical surveys to explore soil water mixing in non-stratified till soil in the Pallas catchment located in sub-arctic conditions in Finnish Lapland. A 5x20 m plot at the Kenttärova hilltop was sprinkled with deuterated water (d2H 88‰) for two days (totally 200 mm at average intensity of 6.7 mm/h), until surface water ponding was observed on substantial share of the plot. Soil moisture dynamic were monitored by a network of soil moisture sensors and manual soil probe measurements. Soil water was sampled hourly with suction cup lysimeters at three (5 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm) depths and pan lysimeter at 35 cm depth in two soil profiles on the irrigation plot. Groundwater was sampled hourly, while xylem samples from spruce and birch trees in the plot were collected on each day of the experiment and on a weekly basis during the following month. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey and soil coring with window sampler down to 1 m depth were completed four times over the course of the experiment, and additional set of soil cores were taken two weeks after the experiment to inspect how natural precipitation events have infiltrated into the deuterium enriched zone. We investigate the mechanisms of soil matrix water replenishment by answering the following questions: i) Can all soil matrix water be displaced during high volume events and when does newly introduced soil matrix water become available to the plants?; ii) What is the extent of soil water mixing at different depths?; and iii) What is the effect of increased moisture content and groundwater table rise on soil water mixing? Due to paucity of field data sets and inability of most hydrological models to accurately simulate soil freezing and thawing effects, ecohydrologic partitioning has been barely studied in Northern regions with seasonal snow cover. We present a novel field data set that focuses on soil matrix water replenishment in glaciated till soil at sub-arctic conditions. Results support our understanding of ecohydrological processes in northern environments where hydrological cycle is dominated by intense infiltration events as it occurs during snowmelt.
Are site characteristics and channel hydro-morphology related with check dam functioning? A case study in México
Authors: Esteban Lucas-Borja Manuel , Gianmarco Carrà Bruno , Antonio Zema Demetrio , Yu Yang
Published: March 2020

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of channel geometry, check dam size, and stream hydrology, as well as site or check dam characteristics including sediment retention capacity and structural conditions of more than 200 check dams recently installed in a large river of Mexico. Analysis was completed using a combination of statistical multivariate techniques (ANOVA and PCA). ANOVA has shown that (i) only check dam material and vegetation cover of the contributing sub-watershed significantly influence check dam conditions and sediment retention capacity, respectively, and (ii) soil type? texture? may play an important role in these check dam characteristics. Conversely, other variables, such as land use and longitudinal slopes of the drained sub-watersheds as well as check dam location have   less influence on check dam sediment storage. PCA has provided two derivative variables related to channel dimensions and vegetation cover , thus demonstrating the influence of these watershed? features on sediment retention behind check dams.
MAG-GIC: Geomagnetically Induced Currents risk hazard in the Portuguese power network
Authors: Alves Ribeiro Joana , Pais Maria Alexandra , J. G. Pinheiro Fernando , Monteiro Santos Fernando A. , Soares Pedro
Published: March 2020

The MAG-GIC project has as a main goal to produce the chart of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) risk hazard in the distribution power network of Portugal mainland.

The study of GICs is important as they represent a threat for infrastructures such as power grids, pipelines, telecommunication cables, and railway systems. A deeper insight into GICs hazard may help in planning and designing more resilient transmission systems and help with criteria for equipment selection.

GICs are a result of variations in the ionospheric and magnetospheric electric currents, that cause changes in the Earth's magnetic field. The Coimbra magnetic observatory (COI) is one of the oldest observatories in operation in the world and the only one in Portugal mainland. It has been (almost) continuously monitoring the geomagnetic field variations since 1866, and in particular, it has registered the imprint of geomagnetic storms during solar cycle 24. Besides the geomagnetic storm signal, which represents the GICs driver, the crust and upper mantle electrical conductivities determine the amplitude and geometry of the induced electric fields.

To present a better approximation of the Earth's conductivity structure below the Portuguese power network, we initiated a campaign to acquire magnetotelluric (MT) data in a grid of 50x50 km all over the territory. Nonetheless, there already exist enough MT data to create a realistic 3D conductivity model in the south of Portugal.

The other important input is the electric circuit for the network grid. We benefit from the collaboration of the Portuguese high voltage power network (REN) company, in providing the grid parameters as resistances and transformer locations, thus allowing us to construct a more precise model. In particular, we implement in our model the effect of shield wires and shunt reactors resistances.

In this study, we present the results of GIC calculations for the south of Portugal for some of the strongest geomagnetic storms in the 20015-17 period recorded at COI during solar cycle 24. We will focus on the sensitivity of results concerning two different conductivity models and different values of the shielding circuit parameters and shunt reactors devices.
Network models for ponding on sea ice
Authors: Coughlan Michael , Hewitt Ian , Howison Sam , Wells Andrew
Published: March 2020

Arctic sea ice forms a thin but significant layer at the ocean surface, mediating key climate feedbacks. During summer, surface melting produces considerable volumes of water, which collect on the ice surface in ponds. These ponds have long been suggested as a contributing factor to the discrepancy between observed and predicted sea ice extent. When viewed at large scales ponds have a complicated, approximately fractal geometry and vary in area from tens to thousands of square meters. Increases in pond depth and area lead to further increases in heat absorption and overall melting, contributing to the ice-albedo feedback.

Previous modelling work has focussed either on the physics of individual ponds or on the statistical behaviour of systems of ponds. We present a physically-based network model for systems of ponds which accounts for both the individual and collective behaviour of ponds. Each pond initially occupies a distinct catchment basin and evolves according to a mass-conserving differential equation representing the melting dynamics for bare and water-covered ice. Ponds can later connect together to form a network with fluxes of water between catchment areas, constrained by the ice topography and pond water levels.

We use the model to explore how the evolution of pond area and hence melting depends on the governing parameters, and to explore how the connections between ponds develop over the melt season. Comparisons with observations are made to demonstrate the ways in which the model qualitatively replicates properties of pond systems, including fractal dimension of pond areas and two distinct regimes of pond complexity that are observed during their development cycle. Different perimeter-area relationships exist for ponds in the two regimes. The model replicates these relationships and exhibits a percolation transition around the transition between these regimes, a facet of pond behaviour suggested by previous studies. Our results reinforce the findings of these studies on percolation thresholds in pond systems and further allow us to constrain pond coverage at this threshold - an important quantity in measuring the scale and effects of the ice-albedo feedback.
Bridging the gap between Big Earth data users and future (cloud-based) data systems - Towards a better understanding of user requirements of cloud-based data systems
Authors: Wagemann Julia , Siemen Stephan , Bendix Jörg , Seeger Bernhard
Published: March 2020

The European Commission’s Earth Observation programme Copernicus produces an unprecedented amount of openly available multi-dimensional environmental data. However, data ‘accessibility’ remains one of the biggest obstacles for users of open Big Earth Data and hinders full data exploitation. Data services have to evolve from pure download services to offer an easier and more on-demand data access. There are currently different concepts explored to make Big Earth Data better accessible for users, e.g. virtual research infrastructures, data cube technologies, standardised web services or cloud processing services, such as the Google Earth Engine or the Copernicus Climate Data Store Toolbox. Each offering provides different types of data, tools and functionalities. Data services are often developed solely satisfying specific user requirements and needs.

For this reason, we conducted a user requirements survey between November 2018 and June 2019 among users of Big Earth Data (including users of Earth Observation data, meteorological and environmental forecasts and other geospatial data) to better understand user requirements of Big Earth Data. To reach an active data user community for this survey, we partnered with ECMWF, which has 40 years of experience in providing data services for weather forecast data and environmental data sets of the Copernicus Programme.

We were interested in which datasets users currently use, which datasets they would like to use in the future and the reasons why they have not yet explored certain datasets. We were interested in the tools and software they use to process the data and what challenges they face in accessing and handling Big Earth Data. Another part focused on future (cloud-based) data services and there, we were interested in the users’ motivation to migrate their data processing tasks to cloud-based data services and asked them what aspects of these services they consider being important.

While preliminary results of the study were released last year, this year the final study results are presented. A specific focus will be put on users’ expectation of future (cloud-based) data services aligned with recommendations for data users and data providers alike to ensure the full exploitation of Big Earth Data in the future.
An idealised model of the Indian monsoon onset
Authors: Recchia Lucy , Griffiths Stephen , Parker Douglas
Published: March 2020

The Indian monsoon is a seasonal large-scale circulation system with complex dynamical and thermodynamical interactions, the physics of which is not fully understood. In particular, the advance of the monsoon over India, propagating against the mean mid-level wind field, cannot be explained by simple moisture flux arguments. 

Here we introduce an idealised two-layer model of the moisture dynamics of monsoon onset, with simple and transparent physics, based on conservation laws applied to a vertical plane (which could represent a transect from northwest to southeast India). The model allows for moisture replenishment in the lower layer (corresponding to evaporation or a moist inflow), a flux of water vapour between the layers (corresponding to convection), and along-transect advection by prescribed upper and lower-layer flows. With idealised parameterisations of replenishment and convection, the model can be written as a pair of coupled partial differential equations, which permits both analytical and numerical solutions. When an equilibrium solution is perturbed by either a change in replenishment rate, convection strength, or winds, we observe the propagation of moisture fronts in both the upper and lower layers as the solution adjusts to a new equilibrium. When these moisture fronts propagate northwestwards against the upper-layer flow, they can be viewed as the monsoon onset. Taking advantage of the simplicity of the model, which allows a wide parameter regime to be investigated efficiently, we show how the onset speed depends on the assumed timescales of the parameterised convection and lower-layer replenishment, and that physically plausible parameterisations can lead to realistic onset speeds, even in this highly idealised model.
The RPW Low Frequency Receiver (LFR) on Solar Orbiter: in-situ LF electric and magnetic field measurements of the solar wind expansion
Authors: Chust Thomas , Le Contel Olivier , Berthomier Matthieu , Retinò Alessandro , Sahraoui Fouad , Jeandet Alexis , Leroy Paul , Pellion Jean-Christophe , Bouzid Véronique , Katra Bruno , Piberne Rodrigue , Khotyaintsev Yuri , Vaivads Andris , Krasnoselskikh Volodya , Kretzschmar Matthieu , Souček Jan , Santolík Ondrej , Maksimovic Milan , Bale Stuart D. ,   MMS team
Published: March 2020

Solar Orbiter (SO) is an ESA/NASA mission for exploring the Sun-Heliosphere connection which has been launched in February 2020. The Low Frequency Receiver (LFR) is one of the main subsystems of the Radio and Plasma Wave (RPW) experiment on SO. It is designed for characterizing the low frequency (~0.1Hz–10kHz) electromagnetic fields & waves which develop, propagate, interact, and dissipate in the solar wind plasma. In correlation with particle observations it will help to understand the heating and acceleration processes at work during its expansion. We will present the first LFR data gathered during the Near Earth Commissioning Phase, and will compare them with MMS data recorded in similar solar wind condition.
Hyperspectral imaging for high-resolution mapping of soil profile organic carbon distribution in an Austrian Alpine landscape
Authors: Ostovari Yaser , Köppendörfer Baptist , Guigue Julien , Van Groenigen Jan Willem , Creamer Rachel , Guggenberger Thomas , Grassauer Florian , Hobley Eleanor , Ferron Laura , Martens Henk , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid , Vidal Alix
Published: March 2020

Studies on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks mostly focus on topsoils (< 30 cm). However, 30 to 63% of the SOC are stored in the subsoils (30 to 100 cm), and the factors controlling SOC storage in subsoils may be substantially different than in topsoils. The low mean SOC content in subsoils makes its quantification and characterization challenging. Thus, new approaches are required to depict the SOC stocks distribution in full soil profile. Hyperspectral imaging of soil core samples can provide high spatial resolution of the vertical distribution of SOC in a soil profile. The main objective of the ongoing study, within the Horizon 2020 European Project Circular Agronomics, is to apply laboratory hyperspectral imaging with a variety of machine learning approaches for the mapping of OC distribution in undisturbed soil cores. Soil cores were collected down to a depth of one meter in grasslands of 15 organic farms located in the Lungau Valley, in Austria. Some samples were divided into five depths in the field for classical bulk soil measurements (total carbon and nitrogen, texture, pH, EC and bulk density) on disturbed samples. Undisturbed soil cores were sliced vertically for laboratory hyperspectral imaging in the range of Vis-NIR (400-1000 nm). We were able to reveal the hotspots of OC and map the OC distribution in soil profile by applying a variety of machine learning approaches (i.e. partial least square and random forest regression) as a function of spectral responses. A digital elevation model was further exploited to investigate the effects of topographical factors such as elevation, aspect and slope on SOC profile distribution. Landsat 8 data were also used to depict the spatial variability of land insensitive cover/vegetation in study area.
Ecosystem scale evidence for the contribution of vanadium-based nitrogenase to biological nitrogen fixation
Authors: Bellenger Jean-Philippe , Darnajoux Romain , Magain Nicolas , Renaudin Marie , Lutzoni Francois , Zhang Xinning
Published: March 2020

Nitrogen is the primary limiting nutrient in high latitude ecosystems. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by microorganisms associated with cryptogamic covers, such as cyanolichens and bryophytes, is an important source of new reactive nitrogen in pristine, high-latitude ecosystems. BNF is catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase, for which three isoforms have been described; the canonical molybdenum (Mo) nitrogenase which requires Mo in its active site and two alternative nitrogenases, the vanadium and iron-only nitrogenases. The low availability of Mo on land has been shown to limit BNF in many ecosystems from the tropical forest to the arctic tundra. Alternative nitrogenases have been suggested as viable alternatives to cope with Mo limitation of BNF, however, field data supporting this long-standing hypothesis have been lacking.

Here, we elucidated the contribution of the vanadium nitrogenase to BNF by cyanolichens across a 600 km latitudinal transect in eastern Canadian boreal forests. We report a widespread activity of the vanadium nitrogenase which contributed between 15 to 50% of total BNF rates on all sites. Vanadium nitrogenase contribution to BNF was more robust in the northern part of the transect. Vanadium nitrogenase contribution to BNF also changed during the growing season, with a three-fold increase between the early (May) and late (September) growing season. By including the contribution of the vanadium nitrogenase to BNF, estimates of new N input by cyanolichens increase by up to 30%, a significant change in these low N input ecosystems. Finally, we found that Mo availability was the primary driver for the contribution of the vanadium nitrogenase to BNF with a Mo threshold of ~ 250 ng.glichen-1 for the onset of vanadium based BNF.

This study on N2-fixing cyanolichens provides extensive field evidence, at an ecosystem scale, that vanadium-based nitrogenase greatly contributes to BNF when Mo availability is limited. The results showcase the resilience of BNF to micronutrient limitation and reveal a strong link between the biogeochemical cycle of macro- and micronutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. Given widespread findings of Mo limitation of BNF in terrestrial ecosystems, additional consideration of vanadium-based BNF is required in experimental and modeling studies of terrestrial biogeochemistry.
A novel technique for studying volcanic gas chemistry and dispersion on short time scales
Authors: Fuchs Christopher , Kuhn Jonas , Bobrowski Nicole , Platt Ulrich
Published: March 2020

Volcanic gas emissions, in particular, of sulphur and halogen species, play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. Due to the complex reaction kinetics of halogen radicals inside the volcanic plume, many properties like e.g. chemistry limiting factors and timescales of reactions, are still not well understood.
Imaging techniques based on optical remote sensing can get valuable insights into the study of both volcanic degassing fluxes and chemical conversions within the plume that continuously mixes with the atmosphere. However, state-of-the-art techniques are either too slow to resolve plume chemistry processes on its intrinsic time scales (e.g. DOAS) or show many cross sensitivities and hence are limited to rather high trace gas concentrations (e.g. SO2 cameras). 

We introduce a novel technique for volcanic trace gas imaging, which, by employing a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI), uses detailed spectral information for the detection of the target trace gas. Cross sensitivities are thereby drastically reduced, allowing for the detection of much lower SO2 concentrations and imaging of other trace gas species like, e.g., BrO, OClO. Furthermore, the inherent calibration of the new techniques avoids the requirement of additional DOAS measurements or gas cells for calibration.

We present the first measurements of volcanic SO2 with an imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer correlation spectroscopy (IFPICS) prototype. The sensitivity of ≈ 1019 cm2 molec-1 is comparable to filter based SO2 cameras, whereas the selectivity is much higher (e.g. no ozone interference). This will largely increase the accuracy of SO2 emission rates, which are routinely used to approximate fluxes of other volcanic gas emissions into the atmosphere.

Additionally, sensitivity studies for further trace gases combining laboratory measurements and radiation transfer modelling show promising prospected BrO detection limits of < 1014 molec cm-², corresponding to mixing ratios of 10 to 100 ppt in volcanic plumes. The direct visualisation of BrO within the volcanic plume mixing with the ambient atmosphere will give important insights into the plume’s halogen chemistry and, thereby, its impact on the atmosphere.