bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choosing to Reform the Judiciary: Why Albania’s Political Actors Became Engaged in Anti-Corruption
Authors: Jusufi Islam
Published: December 2024

When and why would a government decide to tackle corruption? Several countries around the world have embarked on an effort to combat corruption. These fights are primarily the result of several domestic and international factors that have brought an understanding and urgency to prevail over corruption. The study of past cases has increased our knowledge about the need to fight corruption. However, a particular focus on reasons, motives and explanations of this fight, particularly within the judiciary, has been very limited. This article develops a framework of analysis to answer why the fight against corruption was undertaken by employing an inductive case study methodology. It draws upon the empirical work on developments in Albania, a country which has implemented stringent reforms in the last few years to rid the judiciary of corruption. By relying on evidence coming out of this particular reform process known as “Reforma në Drejtësi” (“Justice Reforms”), this article reconstructs the situations and circumstances that led to this reform. The study argues that this fight was driven by politicians and influenced by several national and international factors.
Bleeding Fingers and Failing Eyes: Occupational Health and the Manual Crafts of the Islamic Middle East
Authors: Milwright Marcus , Rhodes Graham
Published: December 2024

The manual crafts practised in the Middle East present a range of potential health hazards. These issues have been highlighted in published scholarship on contemporary crafts across the Islamic world, but much less attention has been paid to historical material as a source on the impact of craft specialization on long-term health. This article concentrates on the evidence that can be extracted from late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century photographs from Greater Syria, supplementing this with observations drawn from primary written sources and extant objects in public and private collections.
Lahore Fort Archaeological Excavation Report: The Hammam of the Akbari Quadrangle
Authors: Pradines Stéphane , Almela Íñigo , Renel Hélène
Published: December 2024

This report presents the archaeological excavations carried out in the fort of Lahore, Pakistan, just a few months before the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The Lahore Fort archaeological field-training programme was organised by Aga Khan University, the Aga Khan Cultural Service Pakistan, the Walled City of Lahore Authority, and the Department of Pakistani Antiquities. The main structure excavated was a Mughal hammam built at the location of the first Mughal palace when the emperor Akbar rebuilt the old fort of the city (r. 1556–1605). Our excavations indicated that this hammam was built in the second part of the 16th century and that it can be attributed to Akbar.
L’apprendimento dell’arabo nel contesto universitario tra HLL s e FLL s: il caso UniStraSi
Authors: Abdelsayed Ibraam , Cosenza Luana , Nasimi Aisha
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been a notable transformation in the profile of Arabic learners in university contexts in both Europe and the United States. This evolution has resulted in the emergence of a new category of learners, namely heritage language learners (HLL s). These students, who have an Arabic-speaking background, exhibit distinct motivations and needs compared to foreign language learners (FLL s) of Arabic. This study analyzes the motivations, linguistic competences, and perceptions of both groups at the University for Foreigners of Siena (UniStraSi), utilizing an ad hoc survey designed to address the specific characteristics of these two learner profiles. The findings underscore the necessity of integrating both Standard Arabic (AS) and dialectal Arabic (AD) into the curriculum, in order to accommodate the heterogeneous motivations, needs, and goals of both learner groups.
Religiosity and Noise Pollution by Pentecostal Churches in Nigeria
Authors: Uroko Favour C.
Published: December 2024

Although progress has been made in examining noise pollution in Nigeria, the aim of this study was to explore: 1) how Pentecostal churches contribute to environmental noise pollution in Nigeria; and 2) the adverse effects of this noise pollution on children and adults. This is a qualitative study using narrative method. Key informant interviews and relevant literature were used to collect the data, and it was analyzed using content analysis. Emerged themes included: (1) indoor services and outdoor services; (2) Pentecostal churches are located in illegal areas; (3) revival programs and night vigils; (4) irregular church programmes; (5) noise pollution on children; and (6) noise pollution on adults. Noise pollution by Pentecostal churches has had enormous negative impacts on Nigerians. Recommendations are discussed.
Nieznane oblicze katolicko-protestanckiego dialogu w Europie Środkowej? Zapomniane siedemnastowieczne epitafium szwedzkiego króla Gustawa II Adolfa w kolegiacie Świętego Krzyża we Wrocławiu
Authors: Czechowicz Bogusław , Cimała Alicja
Published: December 2024

Artykuł przedstawia sensacyjną informację o istnieniu w XVII wieku w kolegiacie św. Krzyża we Wrocławiu epitafium króla Szwecji Gustawa II Adolfa. Zabytek upamiętniający w katolickiej świątyni – swego rodzaju „rozszerzeniu” katedry św. Jana Chrzciciela – filar luteranizmu w Europie bez wątpienia był czymś niezwykłym. O istnieniu epitafium informują dwa niezależne źródła z 1682 i 1694 roku. Nie wiadomo, kto mógł być jego fundatorem ani kiedy ono powstało. W grę wchodzi okres 50 lat od śmierci króla, zmarłego w 1632 roku. Treść łacińskiego napisu upamiętniającego króla-wędrowca, jak go tam określono, wykazuje pewne powinowactwa z poezją katolickiego poety śląskiego Johannesa Schefflera, znanego pod pseudonimem Angelus Silesius (†1677). Jedną z okoliczności sprzyjających powstaniu epitafium mogło być objęcie diecezji wrocławskiej w 1672 roku przez kardynała Fryderyka von Hessen, który wcześniej w Rzymie był tutorem słynnej konwertytki, dawniej królowej szwedzkiej Krystyny, córki Gustawa II Adolfa. Nie wiadomo też, kiedy epitafium króla zlikwidowano. Mogło to się stać już około 1710 roku, kiedy w kościele powstał nowy ołtarz główny, co interpretowano jako reakcję wrocławskiego kleru katolickiego na konwencję w Altranstädt w 1707 roku. Wtedy to kolejny król szwedzki, Karol XII, wstawił się za śląskimi luteranami, tym samym stając się dla katolickich prałatów uosobieniem zła.
Konstrukcje przyimkowe ze znaczeniem przestrzennym w polskiej gwarze mieszkańców wsi Wierszyna na Syberii
Authors: Jaskólski Adam
Published: December 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opis konstrukcji przyimkowych ze znaczeniem przestrzennym funkcjonujących w polskiej gwarze mieszkańców wschodniosyberyjskiej wsi Wierszyna założonej w 1910 roku przez dobrowolnych osadników pochodzących z różnych części Małopolski. W obcym otoczeniu kulturowym i językowym do dziś zachowali swoją gwarę stanowiącą konglomerat różnych gwar południowopolskich. Niemniej z biegiem czasu nasilał się wpływ na nią języka rosyjskiego – w największym stopniu dotyczy to systemu leksykalnego i składniowego. Analiza zgromadzonego materiału wykazała, że w badanej gwarze z jednej strony zachowały się przyimki charakterystyczne dla południowych gwar polskich, z drugiej zaś odnotowano również pewną liczbę konstrukcji przyimkowych ze znaczeniem przestrzennym, których użycie w przeanalizowanych wypowiedziach należy tłumaczyć wpływem języka rosyjskiego, co z kolei jest typowym zjawiskiem w sytuacji kontaktu językowego.
Z zagadnień diachronicznej gramatyki onomastycznej (na przykładzie toponimii nowotestamentowej)
Authors: Zarębski Rafał
Published: December 2024

On the Issues of Polish Diachronic Onomastic Grammar (Based on the Example of New Testament Toponymy)
The aim of this article is to discuss the role of biblical toponyms in the context of onomastic grammar. The names under study were taken from Polish translations of the New Testament created at various stages of the history of the Polish language. They vary in terms of sources (Greek text vs Vulgate), confessional environment (Catholic vs Protestant) and translation method (literal vs free). Genetically foreign toponyms: (1) adapted to Polish grammar (as a result of syntactic requirements, through various ways of linguistic adaptation and due to formal similarity to Slavic lexemes, which allowed them to be incorporated into Polish inflection); (2) were resistant to the effect of Polish grammar (they modified and sustained the creation of new inflectional paradigms unknown to Old Polish or remained uninflected). The conclusion is that the form of biblical toponyms may have served to reflect local colour or functioned as a signal of code-switching.
 
Z zagadnień diachronicznej gramatyki onomastycznej(na przykładzie toponimii nowotestamentowej)
Celem artykułu jest omówienie roli toponimów biblijnych w kontekście gramatyki onomastycznej. Badane nazwy zostały zaczerpnięte z polskich przekładów Nowego Testamentu powstałych na różnych etapach dziejów polszczyzny. Są one zróżnicowane w zakresie: źródeł (tekst grecki vs. Wulgata), środowiska konfesyjnego (katolickie vs. protestanckie), metody przekładu (przekłady dosłowne vs. przekłady swobodne). Genetycznie obce toponimy: 1) dostosowywały się do polskiej gramatyki (w wyniku wymagań składniowych oraz dzięki różnym drogom adaptacji językowej i podobieństwu formalnemu do leksemów słowiańskich, co umożliwiało im włączanie się do polskiej fleksji); 2) były odporne na działanie polskiej gramatyki (modyfikowały i podtrzymywały tworzenie nowych nieznanych staropolszczyźnie paradygmatów fleksyjnych lub pozostawały nieodmienne). W konkluzji stwierdzono, że forma toponimów biblijnych mogła służyć oddaniu kolorytu lokalnego lub być sygnałem przełączania kodów.
Stringfellow’s Principalities and the Natures of Power
Authors: Commins Gary
Published: December 2024

Like all theologians, William Stringfellow stressed some theological concepts and diminished others. Using political events as his theological canvas, he applied concepts of unredeemable principalities, a universal Fall, and the power of “death” to portray a permanent clash with divine powers, God’s Word, and the Christian’s ability to “live humanly.” Influenced by anti-Nazi resisters, engaged in civil rights and antiwar movements, and opposing the warmaking and law-breaking of Richard Nixon’s presidency, he used his theological framework to help Christians reconceptualize their work for social change amid contrasting kinds of power. His applied theology provides a unique framework for reimagining the natures of power, social ethics, and what it means to sustain hope in a continuously violent and unjust world.
Examining the earthquake-related experiences of people who experienced the earthquake in Turkey
Authors: Cemali Mustafa , Arslan Başak Çağla , Öztürk Demet , Sarı Mustafa , Alataş Duygu Mine , Cimilli Elif , Karaduman Aynur Ayşe
Published: December 2024

Background:

In the earthquake of magnitude 7.7 and 7.6 in Turkey on February 6, 2023, many buildings collapsed and many people suffered emotional and spiritual damage. It is important to understand the situations experienced by people who experienced the earthquake and to plan strategies according to these views in the future.

Objectives:

The aim of the study is to examine the preparations of people living in Hatay province before the earthquake, their experiences during the earthquake and their experiences after the earthquake in a qualitative design. Twenty-eight individuals (14 women and 14 men) between the ages of 18 and 65 years, who experienced the earthquake in Hatay, Turkey, participated in the study.

Result:

Participants were asked nine questions about before, during and after the earthquake using a semi-structured interview method. It was found that 32.1% of the participants made any preparations before the earthquake, all of them experienced the feeling of fear the most, 82.1% of them used prayer behavior instead of protective strategies during the earthquake, all of them were affected psychologically, socially, and economically, and 35.7% were physically affected.

Conclusion:

As a result of the analysis of participant opinions, it was seen that pre-earthquake preparation processes were insufficient, behaviors during the earthquake were not protective, and individuals and their environment were negatively affected after the earthquake.
Outcome of wage and self-employment intervention for persons with severe mental illness availing rural community-based rehabilitation project: Experience from South India
Authors: Sivakumar Thanapal , Reddy Shanivaram K , Jagannathan Aarti , Naveen Kumar Channaveerachari , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Bhat Shyam K
Published: December 2024

Background:

The World Health Organization advocates Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) for resource-constrained settings. There is a need for evidence-based models of employment for persons with severe mental illness (referred to as “patients”) from such settings.

Aims:

To facilitate and study the employment outcome of patients aged 18 to 50 y, availing a rural CBR project in South India.

Methods:

Of 98 consented patients, only three men chose wage employment, and eighty-nine chose self-employment. Patients seeking wage employment were offered training and job placement in the nearest metropolitan city. Ten patients were offered loans for self-employment as revolving funds without collateral through the family federation of persons with mental illness. The patients and families were followed up for 10 months after recruitment into intervention. The AIMS-SEEP tool assessed the impact on families that availed of loans.

Results:

All three men who chose wage employment in the city discontinued it. Two of ten families did not use it for the intended purpose, and one loan was written off. Seven families chose sheep rearing, and one bought a tailoring machine. Self-employment was a secondary source of income for families and was used for food, clothes, school expenses, health-related costs, household items, and debt repayment. The attendance at monthly meetings of the family federation has more than tripled since loans were issued. Families reported no adverse effects due to the intervention. Only three out of eight families had repaid the loan completely at the end of 10 months. Reasons cited for delay in loan repayment were hospital expenses for a sick family member and children’s school expenses.

Conclusion:

In impoverished rural areas, patients and their families prefer self-employment locally over shifting to the city for wage employment. Suggestions for implementing livelihood interventions in other resource-constrained settings are discussed. Families must own the initiative to ensure its sustainability.
Rewarding loyalty: Selective reassurance and enforcement of asymmetric alliances
Authors: Kudo Yasuki
Published: December 2024

Great powers frequently signal their alliance commitments during peacetime. While scholars see this peacetime practice as an integral part of great powers’ alliance maintenance, there is significant variation in the intensity of signals that junior allies receive. This article suggests that the choices made by great powers in signalling alliance commitments can be explained by the motivation to encourage compliance among junior allies. Great powers typically form alliances to exert control over their junior allies’ decision-making and thereby maintain their sphere of influence. Yet, great powers may face difficulty in making junior allies accommodate their demands as junior allies’ interests are not always in alignment. This article argues that great powers attempt to maintain their allies’ incentive to comply by reaffirming alliance commitments as an ex-post reward. In addition, to increase the efficiency of this reward strategy, great powers carefully select the targets, taking into account their allies’ willingness to make concessions. Empirical analysis using the sample of United States alliance relationships provides evidence that supports these arguments. This article contributes to the literature by deepening our comprehension of how great powers manage their alliances and providing at least a partial answer to how asymmetric alliances are maintained. Furthermore, this article has important implications for how great powers maintain their status within the international system.
Leveraging genetic algorithms and system dynamics for effective multi-objective policy optimization: a case study on the broadcasting industry
Authors: Sohrabinejad Azadeh , Hafshejani Kiamars Fathi , Sobhani Farzad Movahedi
Published: December 2024

Complex sociotechnical systems with multiple competing objectives and nonlinear dynamics pose significant challenges for policy optimization. Traditional simulation-based methods often struggle with high-dimensional policy spaces. This study addresses these challenges by combining genetic algorithms (GAs) with system dynamics (SD) modeling to optimize policy configurations in complex environments. Our approach merges SD’s capacity to simulate intricate system behaviors with GA’s prowess in multi-objective optimization. The SD model uses predefined decision variables to simulate system behavior, while GA iteratively adjusts these variables to find optimal policy configurations. We apply this hybrid approach to a media industry case study, focusing on balancing profit, competitiveness, and audience satisfaction. The research methodology integrates SD’s ability to capture complex system behaviors with GA’s strength in optimizing multiple objectives. An SD model simulates system behavior based on predefined decision variables representing key policy levers. GA then iteratively adjusts these variables based on fitness objectives derived from the SD model. This process evaluates performance and identifies the globally optimal policy configurations. The results show that the hybrid SD–GA framework significantly improves policy solutions compared to conventional methods. Sensitivity analysis confirms the optimized policies’ robustness and comparative assessments highlight our approach’s advantages in navigating complex policy spaces. This study introduces a new SD–GA framework that improves data-driven policy formulation in complex systems. It combines policy informatics and evolutionary algorithms to offer a comprehensive approach to multi-criteria decision-making. Future research could include long-term validation of this approach in the broadcasting industry to further refine and apply this methodology across various domains.
Data-driven reliability assessment of manufacturing systems using process mining
Authors: Friederich Jonas , Lazarova-Molnar Sanja
Published: December 2024

Reliability analysis has long been used to understand and predict system behaviors in various industries, including manufacturing, aerospace, and energy. However, the increasing complexity and dynamics of modern systems can quickly outpace manually developed, expert-based models. Conversely, the increasing availability of data from industrial Internet of Things (iIoT) sensors and advanced control systems enables a more data-driven approach to reliability modeling, coping with the aforementioned issues. In this paper, we introduce a framework for data-driven reliability assessment of manufacturing systems using process mining. With our framework, we aim to provide a systematic approach to extract, simulate, validate, and exploit reliability models to support decisions within manufacturing systems. We demonstrate our framework using two case studies based on a flow line commonly found in today’s shop floors.
Are Group Settings Intoxicating? Groups, Alcohol, and the Situational Dynamics of Violence
Authors: Lantz Brendan , Wouters Sarah R.
Published: December 2024

Research consistently demonstrates that both group offending and alcohol use change the anticipated rewards and consequences of offending, often exacerbating violent outcomes. Alcohol use is also a common feature of group delinquency and offending. Yet, scholars have yet to examine the interaction of these features of crime. Following this, this study investigates the interactive effects of co-offending and alcohol use on the severity of violent crimes using National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data. We find that the risk of serious injury is significantly higher in both crimes involving co-offending and crimes in which the suspects were using alcohol. The combination of co-offending and alcohol use intensifies this effect, even more so when the incident involves younger or male suspects. Intoxicated solo offenses, however, are strikingly similar to group offenses not involving alcohol in their propensity for injury, a finding that has significant theoretical implications for understanding the nature of group violence.
Coordinated tracking control for a class of fractional multi-manipulator system
Authors: Hua Shang , Zhao Huanyu , Liu Wei , Du Dongsheng , Yuan Deming
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the concept of fractional-order model is introduced to solve the problem of coordinated tracking control of multi-manipulator systems under a fixed and switching topology, respectively. The control algorithm of the leader-following consensus is adopted, and linear matrix inequality (LMI) is used to acquire the parameters to be designed of the control algorithm. The sufficient conditions for achieving consensus of the fractional-order system are obtained by using Lyapunov stability theory and algebraic graph theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical results is validated by numerical simulations.
Casting the Right Net: Childhood Socioeconomic Status Predicts Self-Perceived Mate Value and Mating Standards After Financial Threat
Authors: Cunningham Katja , Mengelkoch Summer , Bradshaw Hannah K. , Mittal Chiraag , Hill Sarah E.
Published: December 2024

Environmental stress promotes accelerated mating goals among adults with low childhood socioeconomic status (CSES). However, little is known about proximal psychological changes that would need to co-occur with shifting mating goals to ensure their success. Across five studies, we tested the possibility that one such change may occur in individuals’ self-perceived mate value, as lower self-perceived mate value could widen the pool of available partners by lowering one’s standards for suitable mates. An internal meta-analysis of the five studies revealed adults with low CSES reported lower mate value following exposure to financial threat (relative to control). Furthermore, lower self-perceived mate value predicted lower standards for indirect mating benefits and increased perceived compatibility with low-quality partners (Studies 2a–3). Similar responses were not observed among individuals from high CSES environments. The current research provides insight into one set of psychological changes that may facilitate accelerated mating goals in response to environmental stressors.
Puberty Timing and Adolescent Antisocial Behavior: The Role of Callous-Unemotional Traits, Sensation Seeking, and Parental Hostility
Authors: Michielsen Philip J. S. , Spaan Pascalle , Ravensbergen Susan J. , de Neve-Enthoven Nita G. M. , Hoogendijk Witte J. G. , Grootendorst-van Mil Nina H. , Roza Sabine J.
Published: December 2024

Deviant puberty timing has been shown preceding antisocial behavior in adolescence. Within this association, the aim of the present study was to consider the co-occurrence and potential interaction of callous-unemotional (CU) traits, sensation seeking, and parental hostility. In a community based high-risk cohort of adolescents ( N = 522; mean age = 14.6; SD = 0.73) puberty timing, level of callous-unemotional traits, sensation seeking, and parental hostility were tested in a cross-sectional design for each sex separately with self-reported delinquent, rule-breaking behavior, and aggressive behavior as outcomes. Additionally, moderation analyses were performed on the associations found. Sex-specific effects were found for different types of puberty timing measurement. This study adds to the knowledge of separate and mutual effects of puberty timing and callous-unemotional traits. Pubertal timing is a relevant aspect of mental health functioning, and its assessment may contribute to identifying youngsters at risk of developing antisocial behavior problems.
Bridging Artificial Intelligence and Railway Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Anomaly Detection Review
Authors: Qi Jingwen , Wang Jian
Published: December 2024

Recently, the techniques of industrial control systems (ICS) have developed rapidly, which leads to new cyber threats in this field. The railway system, as a special ICS, is also facing more and more challenges in the intrusion detection and risk evaluation fields. However, compared with other ICS, the intrusion detection and defense methods for railway systems are lagging behind. This paper is a comprehensive review of the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the railway industry, with a particular focus on cybersecurity. We examine existing anomaly detection methods based on AI and their implementation in ICS and railway operations. We found that machine learning and deep learning algorithms are effective in processing large amounts of network traffic data, modeling normal system behavior, and detecting anomalies. Different AI-based anomaly detection algorithms each have their own strengths and weaknesses, and they hold significant potential for enhancing the cybersecurity of railway systems. While the field of AI in the railway industry is still in its early stages, several case studies demonstrate that AI technologies have already shown considerable promise in safeguarding railway networks. However, there are still numerous challenges in practical applications, such as improving accuracy, generalizability, and robustness. Addressing these challenges will be critical for realizing the full potential of AI in railway cybersecurity and ensuring the safety and efficiency of railway operations in the future. Our work serves as a guide for future explorations, aiming to contribute to the broader discourse of AI applications in industrial cybersecurity.
Examining Spatial Variations in Walking Activity Among Older Adults Considering the Impact of Topographical Characteristics
Authors: Shi Zhuangbin , Zhou Canyu , Cheng Long , He Mingwei , Liu Yang
Published: December 2024

As global demographics tilt toward an aging populace, walking’s role in promoting senior health and social engagement is becoming paramount. However, few studies focus on walking activity among older adults in mountainous cities, and the influence of mountainous terrains on older adults’ walking patterns remains unknown. This study bridges this information gap using a comprehensive 2021 travel survey that captures 8,554 senior walking trips in Guiyang and applies geographically weighted regression (GWR) for in-depth analysis. The analytical results show the important influence of topographic characteristics on the walking behaviors of the aging population, though this influence varies by location. Peripheral terrains appear to be a challenge as they shorten walking distances for older adults, whereas the central regions—with moderate average gradients and path undulation degrees and gentle slope ratios—contribute to the walking experience. Interestingly, older adults in higher age groups are more sensitive to changes in walking paths, although sensitivity to slopes near home remains similar across different age groups. Beyond topography, the study dissects the nuanced influences of built environments and sociodemographic factors, providing a detailed landscape of determinants. By integrating these topographical nuances into the assessment of senior walking behaviors, our findings make a groundbreaking contribution. These findings contribute to implementing more effective and locally tailored interventions, offering valuable guidance and support for developing age-friendly mountainous cities.
Study on the Effect of Multi-Row Pile Geometric Parameters on the Effective Isolation Zone
Authors: Yu Chuanqing , Liu Jinglei , Feng Guishuai , Zhao Xiaoyu
Published: December 2024

Ground vibration negatively affects both residents’ health and the operation of sensitive equipment, particularly in areas adjacent to transport infrastructure. Currently, multiple-row piles are commonly employed for vibration isolation; however, there is limited research on their vibration isolation zone (VIZ). This paper conducted field tests to examine the relationship between the geometric configuration of piles, such as pile length, spacing, row distance, arrangement, and number, and the VIZ. Using two-dimensional contours of the amplitude reduction ratio ( Ar), this paper defines the effective vibration isolation zone (EVIZ) as an area where Ar ≤0.45. The findings indicate that the EVIZ increases with longer pile lengths and more rows, but decreases with wider pile spacing and greater row distances. Moreover, diamond layouts are found to be more effective than rectangular layouts in expanding the EVIZ. Recommendations include maintaining a pile length to Rayleigh wavelength ratio between 0.58 and 0.87, and ensuring pile spacing and row distances are less than 0.12 and 0.11 times the Rayleigh wavelength. This research offers valuable insights for designing multiple-row pile systems.
Exploring the Associations Between Community Gun Violence Exposure and Adolescent Delinquency: Evidence from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study
Authors: Pei Fei , Li Xiaomei , Kang Luyao , Wang Chenming
Published: December 2024

In the past decades, an increasing body of research has delved into the mechanisms of adolescent delinquency from various perspectives, including individual characteristics, interpersonal relationships, school environments, and community settings. However, limited research focused on its association with community gun violence exposure. Utilizing data from 3,595 adolescents ( M = 15.63, SD = 0.71) and their families, we examined how the number of gun violence incidents proximal to adolescents’ homes and schools was linked with their self-reported delinquent behaviors, controlling for other important individual, interpersonal, and community-level predictors of adolescent delinquency. Results revealed relationships between gun violence within 1,000 and 500 m of homes (but not schools) and adolescent delinquency; yet the direction of the relationship differs by distance.
Modernity and Tradition at Sea: Filipino Seafarers and their Superstitious Beliefs
Authors: Turgo Nelson , Sampson Helen
Published: December 2024

The architectural and technological modernity of contemporary ships belies the prevalence of the multitude of superstitious beliefs which are held and honored by crew members in their daily lives. This article focuses on the superstitious beliefs of Filipino seafarers, in particular, and how these beliefs connect them to their more localized homeland communities, while serving at sea, thereby bridging the divide between workplace modernity and community-based traditions. We explore the ways in which the expression of community-based superstitious beliefs combines with traditional occupational attitudes to connect the localized values of seafarers to the complex shipboard cultures associated with the global shipping industry. The data presented in this article are derived from interviews and fieldnotes associated with voyages made on two cargo ships in 2017 and 2018. These are contextualized with broader fieldwork notes made by the authors on a further 12 shipboard voyages on cargo vessels in the period 1999–2015.
Performing Conservative Politics
Authors: Wagner Emily
Published: December 2024

Research on political performance has typically addressed macro-level performances, such as highly visible protests and demonstrations from progressive organizations. Using ethnographic data from various conservative organizations in Southern Nevada, I demonstrate how conservatives perform their ideology with a small-scale, generally like-minded audience. The activists I observed strategically created places filled with conservative symbolism to demonstrate the ideas and practices they welcome and support. They embodied a conservative style through their self-presentation, signaling their political commitments. They perform their ideology through the talk they engage in with others in the political spaces. I pay particular attention to the role of place in ideological performances, detailing how activists strategically create and transform ordinary spaces into conservative places, setting a specific tone, mood, and message for their performances, and enhancing participants’ experiences. In these conservative places, activists display and forge their collective identity, demarcate boundaries between themselves and others, and sustain their participation.
Nonlinear vibration and primary resonant characteristics of a fluid-conveying cantilever GPL-reinforced micropipe resting on a viscoelastic foundation
Authors: Ghahnavieh Sina , Hefzabad Pouya Nouhi , Rajabi Kaveh , Hosseini-Hashemi Shahrokh
Published: December 2024

A new size-dependent dynamical model for the nonlinear free vibration and primary resonance of fluid-conveying cantilever Graphene Platelet Reinforced (GPL-R) micropipes with fractional viscoelastic damping on nonlinear foundations has been proposed. This study aims to present numerical results that demonstrate the effects of GPL weight fraction and pattern, the length scale parameter, fractional derivative order, and nonlinear viscoelastic foundation coefficients on the steady-state response of the system. The mathematical model incorporates a fractional-order dynamic model for a viscoelastic GPL-reinforced polymeric pipe conveying fluid. The influence of size is integrated into the governing equations of motion through the application of modified coupled stress theory. The multiple scales method in conjunction with the Galerkin’s method is utilized to solve the governing equations. The results indicated that the response amplitude of pipes predicted by the fractional damping models is significantly larger than that reported in earlier studies utilizing the Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model. An increase in the weight fraction of the GPLs leads to a reduction in hardening nonlinearity. Various reinforcement patterns did not have a notable impact on the peak of the frequency-response curve. The application of the MCST resulted in a decrease in the maximum response to forced vibration and an increase in the resonance frequency. Finally, the findings of this research can be applied in the field of fluidic force microscopy, medical instruments, drug delivery.
Dynamic modeling and vibration response analysis of an internal gear pump
Authors: Ye Shaogan , Lin Quan , Zheng Chenliang , Zhao Shoujun , Liu Huixiang
Published: December 2024

The dynamic behavior of internal gear pump is complex, and the dynamic model is of significance for capturing its dynamic vibration responses. This study builds a dynamic model consisting of four masses with 20 degrees of freedom. The main components of the internal gear pump are simplified using multiple lumped mass points connected to each other by spring-damping elements. The dynamic excitation forces are computed by utilizing the chamber pressures simulated with a lumped parameter (LP) model. The construction of an experiment apparatus is undertaken to validate the accuracy of LP model and dynamic model. The experiment results show the effectiveness of both models. Employing the developed model, the study investigates the influences of the outlet pressure and rotary speed on the vibration responses and phase trajectory. The results reveal that the fundamental frequency of the pump and its orders are determined by the rotary speed, and the order vibration responses escalate with an increase in outlet pressure. The phase trajectory figures undergo distinct changes at various working conditions. As the rotary speed increases, the irregular movements might be varied into less irregular movements. These results show the vibration response characteristics of internal gear pump at various working conditions.
Research on noise reduction method of vibration signal based on CEEMDAN-PE-Wavelet Packet
Authors: Xuan Liang , Shen Ao , Hong Wenxiong
Published: December 2024

The operational health status of the gearbox determines the performance efficiency and precision of industrial robots, significantly impacting long-term stability. Therefore, it is highly significant to analyze the impact of various component vibration factors on the dynamic response generated by the gearbox transmission. This paper focuses on the non-stationary vibration signals of RV reducers. Based on empirical mode decomposition, it proposes a denoising technique based on CEEMDAN-PE-Wavelet Packet vibration signals. This technique aims to address the noise issue of RV reducer vibration signals that interfere with subsequent studies. Through comprehensive comparisons of various denoising algorithms via simulation experiments, this paper presents a vibration signal denoising method with a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 9.0037 and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.38, both of which outperform other denoising techniques. The analysis demonstrates that this method can enhance both the SNR and computational accuracy when applied to the vibration signals of RV reducers. The feasibility of the technique applied to RV reducer vibration signals is proved by building a vibration test bench, collecting vibration acceleration signals, and de-manipulating them using the noise reduction method proposed in the paper.
Taking ‘the right to life’ seriously: Addressing the role of ‘the right to life’ in the context of assisted dying
Authors: Papadopoulou Nataly , Wicks Liz
Published: December 2024

This article highlights the crucial role of the right to life protected in Article 2 of the European Convention of Human Rights (‘ECHR’) within the context of assisted dying. It notes four different potential roles for Article 2, with a special focus on its positive obligations and including an argument that the United Kingdom may be in violation of its positive obligations under the provision because of the unavailability of assisted dying domestically. The article is also a reminder of established, but also recent Strasbourg jurisprudence that highlights the need for safety when assisted dying is offered as an option by a Member State. We argue that Article 2 has the potential to play a crucial role in ensuring that Member States find the right balance between choice and safety, in protecting both the lives of those who may be at risk by the availability of the option, while also allowing individuals to choose death over life when they so choose. This will strike the right balance between Article 8 and Article 2, but also within Article 2 itself, with the ‘right to life’ of different individuals engaged.
Galangin Ameliorates Gamma Radiation-induced DNA Damage and Subsequent Chromosomal Aberrations in Human Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Zhao Huiying , Xia Yongshou
Published: December 2024

Background

Natural compounds with radioprotective properties have gained attention due to their potential to reduce health risks associated with radiation exposure. Galangin (GA), a flavonoid recognized for its antioxidant activity, has been investigated for its capacity to alleviate oxidative stress.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the radioprotective effects of GA against gamma radiation-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs), dicentric chromosomes (DCs), and cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) in human blood lymphocytes.

Methods

Human blood peripheral lymphocytes (HBPLs) were treated with varying concentrations of GA (1, 5, and 10 µM) for 24 h before being exposed to gamma radiation (3 Gy). Following radiation exposure, the cells were incubated for another 24 h to evaluate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cytogenetic assays were performed to measure DC and CBMN frequencies, while DSBs were assessed using γ-H2AX analysis. Additionally, the phosphorylation of ATM (p-ATM) was analyzed through Western blotting, and DNA repair gene expression was examined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Statistical methods were employed to analyze the data and determine the significance of GA’s protective effects.

Results

Gamma radiation exposure markedly increased the incidence of DCs and CBMN in HBPLs in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with GA, however, significantly reduced these effects in a concentration-dependent fashion. GA also decreased radiation-induced DSBs, as demonstrated by reduced levels of γ-H2AX and p-ATM. Furthermore, GA-treated cells exhibited a downregulation of DNA repair-related gene expression compared to cells exposed solely to radiation. Among the tested concentrations, 10 µM GA provided the greatest protective effect.

Discussion

GA effectively mitigates gamma radiation-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes by lowering the incidence of DSBs, DCs, and CBMN. The protective effects appear to be mediated through modulation of the DNA damage response and the reduction of oxidative stress.

Conclusion

This study highlights GA’s potential as a radioprotective agent and suggests its relevance in radiation therapy and preventive applications. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate its mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
Comparison and Estimation of Salivary sTREM-1 and IL-1β in Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus Patients before and after Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy using Hyaluronic Acid and Diode LASER: A Clinical Trial
Authors: MG Visha , Ravindran Deepak Moses , SK Balaji , Ashokkumar Lekha
Published: December 2024

Background

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that activates the innate immune response. Activation of the TREM-1 signaling pathway promotes the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Hyaluronic acid (HA) can be used to treat periodontitis as an adjunct to mechanical debridement due to its healing properties.

Purpose

To evaluate and compare soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and IL-1β in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy using conventional root planing and adjuncts like HA (Gengigel®) and diode LASER (940 nm).

Methods

Chronic periodontitis patients were allocated to groups based on with and without diabetes mellitus (groups I and II), respectively. Assessment of periodontal parameters: periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and periodontal inflammatory surface area (PISA) index were done. About 5 mL of unstimulated whole saliva was collected from every patient at baseline and 1 month. Patients were subgrouped based on the treatment protocol (subgroup A: conventional scaling and root planing (SRP), subgroup B: SRP + HA (0.8% Gengigel®), and subgroup C: SRP + 940 nm diode LASER). The primary and secondary outcomes before and after therapy were determined.

Results

Intragroup comparison of group I showed the statistical significance of parameters in subgroups B and C. Intragroup comparison of group II in all three subgroups. Intergroup comparison of groups II and III showed the statistical significance of all periodontal parameters and salivary biomarker levels in A–C subgroups.

Conclusion

Therefore, within the study’s limitations, the use of adjuncts to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis had an additional improvement in all clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers over conventional root planing.
Housing Plus Services in Public Housing: A Narrative Review of Approaches and Evidence
Authors: Foell Andrew
Published: December 2024

The importance of housing and neighborhood conditions for health has led to calls to integrate housing plus services interventions in public housing. However, the effectiveness of different models on resident outcomes is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess housing plus services intervention models, components, and effects on resident self-sufficiency and health outcomes, and develop a composite theory of change across interventions. Findings from a narrative review of the literature suggest substantial variation in service models and limited effects on resident outcomes. Interventions that tailor services and treatment intensity based on family needs show promising effects. With notable exceptions, current interventions do not operate at the level of intensity required to create significant change. Social work research, policy, and practice recommendations are discussed to envision new models of care.
Bettering Biotech Foods’ Foul Flavor: An Experiment on Correcting Citizens’ Misconceptions About Genetic Modification
Authors: Klimmt Christoph , Spreen Nico
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop and test “myth-busting,” a promising strategy for science communicators to debunk common misconceptions among citizens. Widely spread counterfactual beliefs about biotechnologically produced food (BTF) as (a) unhealthy and unsafe, (b) unsustainable, and (c) unnatural served as context of application. A preregistered online experiment ( N = 2,925) showed that myth-busting messages effectively correct misconceptions. Trust in science but not pre-existing beliefs moderated this effect. Reduced misconceptions in turn led to greater changes in attitudes toward BTF. The study exemplifies an interesting option for science communicators to address citizens’ misbeliefs about complex science and technology.
Pharmacist interventions in optimising opioid medication therapy in pain management for palliative care patients: A systematic review
Authors: Shrestha Rajeev , Shrestha Sunil , Iqbal Ayesha , Gülpınar Gizem
Published: December 2024

Background

Opioid therapy is a critical component in managing pain in palliative care, where pharmacists’ specialised expertise is crucial in ensuring quality care for patients. This systematic review aims to document available evidence on pharmacist interventions and their impact on optimising opioid therapy for pain management in palliative care patients.

Methods

We searched Medline (OVID), Embase (OVID), APA PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for relevant articles published from the beginning to 31st December, 2022. All original studies documenting pharmacists’ intervention and impact in optimising patients receiving opioid therapy for their pain management in palliative care settings were included in this review.

Results

The database and reference search yielded to a total of 7154 studies. Out of these, only 3 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this study. These studies were conducted in Korea, Canada and United States. Pharmacists were involved in assessing pain, suggesting medication for pain and other symptom management, providing patient education, counselling and recommendation, assessing patient's medication effects such as adverse effects, drug interaction and duplication, and adjusting medication. Similarly, their involvement showed improvements in pain management, opioid usage and management strategies.

Conclusion

This systematic review highlights the important role of pharmacists in optimising opioid medication therapy for pain management in palliative care patients. Their contributions to palliative patient care improve pain outcomes and overall quality of life. Integrating pharmacists into palliative care teams can enhance pain management practices and provide better care for palliative patients. Further studies accompanying the robust methodologies and broader settings will validate the findings of this review.