bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ASTAXANTHIN LOADED SELF NANO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SNEDDS)
Authors: Tungadi Robert , Jusuf Herlina
Published: July 2022

Aim and Objective: SNEDDS (Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) is an isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant which forms nanoemulsions spontaneously when comes in contact with gastric fluid thereby increasing the solubility of active substances. Astaxanthin is one of the active substances having low solubility so it suits well with this nanoformulation. This study aims to formulate and characterize Astaxanthin SNEDDS.
Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental research using spontaneous emulsification method.
Results: Astaxanthin SNEDDS was made in 3 formulations by using the ratio of surfactants and co-surfactants that were characterized to produce a transmittance value of F1 91%, F2 90%, and F3 95%, with a particle size of F1 183.75 nm with a PDI 0.272, F2 195.25 nm with a PDI 0.341, and F3 105.75 nm with a PDI 0.392. The entrapment efficiency (%EE) of Astaxanthine SNEDDS was found to be as follows; F1, F2, and F3 had 94.62, 94.35, and  95.57% EE respectively. The results showed that F3 with a surfactant concentration of 72% and co-surfactant 18% was the best formula in forming SNEDDS.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the higher the surfactant concentration, the greater its ability to reduce the interfacial tension of the oil droplets so as to obtain small particle sizes and high entrapment efficiency values.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 May 2022; Revised: 9 June; Accepted: 25 June, Available online: 15 July 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. 
Received file:                                Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
Dr. Mohamed Salama, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt, salama47@yahoo.com
Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Adults in Riyadh
Authors: A Alfadeel Mona , H. Alanazi Haya , M. Alshabi Malak , A. Zubaidi Ghuzlan , K. Alshariri Kholod , S. Alharegi Dalal , T. Alanzi Mashael , A. Alotaibi Ghada , M. Abdi Alaa , S. Abudeyah Razan , S. Alfawaz Renad
Published: July 2022

The interest in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been well documented. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) studies in CAM are critical for paving the way for intervention efforts to raise awareness. The aim was to measure the knowledge and attitudes of adults and to identify the factors associated with the use and practice of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An observational cross-sectional, community-based, and multi-center study was conducted. After receiving consent, data were collected using a Google form-based online questionnaire. Most of the participants (82.5%) preferred to use CAM in combination with conventional medicine. The most common health problems were menstrual pain (49.5%) and abdominal pain (24.5%). The commonly used CAM remedies in this study were honey (65%) and Zamzam (Believed to be blessed holy water in the Islamic faith) (59.6%). The common causes given by the participants for preferring CAM remedies were because they were natural products (34%) and also avoiding the side effects of drugs (33.5%). Participants younger than 18 were the most supportive age group. Honey was the most chosen modality, contrary to the findings of the Qassim study. It was found that the common cold was the commonest reason for CAM use in the study's population, whereas in the Bahrain study diabetes mellitus was the reason. In conclusion, awareness about CAM was remarkably high among the participants of this study. A high proportion of respondents prefer to use CAM along with traditional medicines. The high proportion use of CAM encountered in this study was remarkable for the health education that addresses both advantages and drawbacks of CAM. Proper scientific research into safety and effectiveness is needed.
Bayesian networks approach on intelligent system design for the diagnosis of heat exchanger
Authors: Romahadi Dedik , Anggara Fajar , Youlia Rikko Putra , Habibullah Hifdzul Luthfan , Xiong Hui
Published: July 2022

The heat exchanger highly influences the series of cooling processes. Therefore, it is required to have maximum performance. Some of the factors causing a decrease in its performance are increased pressure drop in the Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE), decreased output flow, leakage, flow obstruction, and mixing of fluids. Furthermore, it takes a long time to conclude the diagnosis of the performance and locate the fault. Therefore, this study aims to design an intelligent system for the performance diagnosis of the PHE using the Bayesian Networks (BNs) method approach. BNs are applied to new problems that require a new BNs network model. The system was designed using MSBNX and MATLAB software, comprising several implementation stages. It starts by determining the related variables and categories in the network, making a causality diagram, determining the prior probability of the variable, filling in the conditional probability of each variable, and entering evidence to analyze the prediction results. This is followed by carrying out a case test on the maintenance history to display the probability inference that occurs during pressure drop on the PHE. The result showed that the BNs method was successfully applied in diagnosing the PHE. When there is evidence of input in the form of a pressure drop, the probability value of non-conforming pressure-flow becomes 61.12%, PHE clogged at 73.59%, and actions to clean pipes of 70.18%. In conclusion, the diagnosis carried out by the system showed accurate results.
How to boost the flow shop manufacturing agility using hybrid Genetic Tabu Search in scheduling
Authors: Umam Moch Saiful , Gondohanindijo Jutono
Published: July 2022

The hybridization between evolutionary genetic algorithm and tabu search has been proposed in this paper to address flow shop scheduling. It accommodates jobs that need to be rearranged and executed on identical machines serially. High agility is required in the manufacturing process, especially for the garment industry to be able to stand facing competitors. The manufacturing related to scheduling to deliver a product as early as possible, the tardiness, and waiting time are also concerned. A Genetic Algorithm was widely used to deal with this; which finds an optimal solution to the problems because it can obtain a more optimal solution. Unfortunately, it is easy to get stuck in optimum local (early convergence is faster). The tabu search algorithm works as a local explorer to better find and exploit the optimum local area, which can be combined with a Genetic Algorithm. This study aims to minimize the three objectives mentioned above to increase production agility. These strategies are evaluated on Taillard benchmark problems to show the significance of the proposed algorithm. The outcomes prove that the hybrid mechanism can boost the solution quality by 2.75% compared to our previous work and can resolve all of Taillard instances better. It has been proven by a 0.28% percentage relative deviation, which shows the error rate is lower and means better.
Recondition injector nozzle and its pressure effect on performance parameters of diesel engine Komatsu types SAA12V140E-1
Authors: Aziz Amiral , Fahmi Zul
Published: July 2022

The injector is one of the main components of a diesel engine fuel system. A typical fuel injector has two basic parts: the nozzle and the injector body. If either of these components is clogged or damaged, it will compromise the entire performance of the engine. Any injector problem can easily be fixed by cleaning, reconditioning, or replacement. If the engine is producing low power, replacing the injector nozzle with a new injector nozzle is necessary, so that engine performance reaches standard performance. However, replacing a new injector nozzle carries a huge maintenance cost. In this research, reconditioning or repairing the used injector nozzle to increase the fuel injection pressure in the engine is one solution that can be done to improve engine performance with low maintenance costs. The testing results found that brake power and brake thermal efficiency increase as fuel injection pressure increases, but specific fuel consumption decreases. For both the used injector and repaired injector, the minimum specific fuel consumption (SFC) does occur at the maximum brake power (BP) not generated. This means that the diesel engine never occurs in a condition of maximum power generated with minimum specific fuel consumption or vice versa.
The effect of variation of shear walls placement on the response of building structure using the Direct Displacement-Based Design method
Authors: Aji Hanif Satria , Rosyidah Anis , Saputra Jonathan
Published: July 2022

Shear walls' placement in specific positions could develop different structural responses to the building and affect the structure's strength to the received lateral loads. This research aims to find the variations in the shear walls' placement on the structure's response under the Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD) method. The object of this research is the model of a 10-story reinforced concrete building located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Modelling of building structures is carried out in this study with four variations of shear wall placement. First, the walls are located at every building's corner. The shear wall is then positioned in the core of the building, where the apertures have shrunk. Then, the shear wall is located on the edge of the building. Last, the shear wall is located on the edge of the building. ANOVA method is used to analyze the significant difference, i.e., variations in the walls' placement. This research indicates the significant differences in the x-direction shear force and the y-direction moment The shear walls are suggested to be placed according to the building's condition and the earthquake ground site's class to produce an optimal structure to resist earthquake loads.
An analysis of the effect of the bow entrance angle on ship resistance
Authors: Samuel S. , Timoty Frans Evan S. Sam , Trimulyono Andi , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Modifying the hull shape is one of the challenges in designing a ship. The angle of the ship's entrance is a significant determinant of the total resistance of the ship. This research aimed to analyze the total resistance of the ship due to changes in the shape of the ship's bow. This research used the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method with overset mesh technique to predict the ship's total resistance and trim angle. Parameters used in the five-speed numerical simulations. This research indicated that a change in the bow angle of the ship results in a 5% change in the ship's resistance for every change in the bow entrance angle. Therefore, the prediction of total resistance shows significant results in planning conditions. Compared to another bow entrance angle at low Fr, total resistance has no noticeable differences. Angle changes of the entrance of the ship's bow also significantly affected the trim conditions on the ship according to the speed. At Fr 1.03, the stern trim angle tended to decrease dramatically. As a result, the trim by stern under porpoising probably oscillates considerably.
Effect of forging load and heat treatment process on the corrosion behavior of A588-1%NI for weathering steel application in a marine environment
Authors: Rohmah Miftakhur , Paristiawan Permana Andi , Romijarso Toni B.
Published: July 2022

The study focused on the effect of forging load and heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of A588-1%Ni weathered steel. The samples used were hot forged steel (A588%-1%Ni) with a load of 50 tons and 75 tons at a temperature of 800-850 °C. The test sample was reheated at an intercritical temperature between A3–A1, around 780 °C, held for 1 hour, and then cooled to room temperature. The cooling media used are water, oil, and open air. Forging loads and heat treatment variation affect the microstructure and corrosion rate of A588-1%Ni. Based on the metallographic test and after the hot forging process, A588-1%Ni laterite steel has a microstructure as ferrite-perlite. Then, after heat treatment as ferrite and cementite-containing phase, pearlite, bainite, or martensite may very well. Cooling water delivers a uniformly distributed lath martensite with an acicular ferrite phase. In addition, the oil media creates bainite with an acicular ferrite phase coarser size. The open-air media produces a pearlite + ferrite phase. Corrosion behavior of laterite steel subjected to hot forging process and followed by heat treatment was evaluated in 3% NaCl solution. Oil cooling with bainite-ferrite microstructure has the lowest corrosion rate, which is 11.96x10-3 mmpy.
Post-Irradiation Mechanical Properties Prediction of Al 6070 of MTR-Fuel Bundle for Cutting Process
Authors: Hutagaol Antonio Gogo , Hidayat Imam , Ajiriyanto Maman Kartaman , Zakaria Supaat
Published: July 2022

The Al 6070 is the side plate material of the MTR-fuel plate bundle. These post-irradiation mechanical properties will be used in the side plate cutting process to obtain certain plates from the MTR-fuel plate bundle. This activity is part of a series of post-irradiation test processes from the MTR-fuel plate bundle in order to determine its performance. After testing in the form of a bundle (assembly), then continued testing of certain plates from the bundle. Disassembly of the plate is carried out by cutting along the two side plates (aluminum alloy) that clamp the plate. The mechanical properties of the workpiece material are important factors that affect the conditions of the machining (cutting) process. Prediction of post-irradiation mechanical properties was carried out using the change percentage of before and after irradiation of other aluminum alloys. The prediction carried out with the Si transmutation as the dominant one affects the post-irradiation mechanical properties changes in aluminum alloys. The change percentage added the mechanical properties of the pre-irradiated side plate material of the MTR-fuel plate bundle. Pre-irradiation testing of the Al 6070, namely chemical composition tests, pre-irradiation mechanical properties tests, including hardness tests (micro), and tensile tests (max stress, yield stress, and % elongation). Prediction of changes in mechanical properties of side plate material (aluminum alloy, Al 6070) before irradiation, compared to after irradiation is: hardness value from 98.51 to 127 (gf/µm2), tensile strength from 265.371 to 398 (N/mm2), the yield strength from 204.2 to 306 N/mm2.
A Partial Element Stage Cut Electrochemical Hydrogen Pump Model for Hydrogen Separation and Compression
Authors: Cheng Andi , Xiao Wu , Jiang Xiaobin , Ruan Xuehua , He Gaohong , Li Xiangcun , Wang Hanli , Wu Xuemei
Published: July 2022

In this work, a partial element stage cut electrochemical hydrogen pump
(EHP) model for multiple H2-contaning gases separation and hydrogen
compression which embed real factors (anode impurity diffusion, hydrogen
back-diffusion and anode catalyst deactivation) was established to study
EHP performance accurately under full hydrogen concentration. The
accuracy and reliability of proposed model were verified from four
aspects (current density distribution, polarization curve, hydrogen
recovery and purity) under different feedstock systems and wide pressure
range. The model has good applicability and accuracy (R^2≥0.96,
simulation and experiment results comparison). Simulation results show
that high hydrogen back-diffusion ratio can cause low energy efficiency
under high cathode pressure and low feedstock hydrogen content. The
variation law of hydrogen purity under multi-operating conditions was
studied, which shows dual-effect (PEM and GDL resistance) can affect
hydrogen purity prominently through current density under low feedstock
hydrogen content and applied potential.
An Electromyography (EMG) Analysis After Pre-Cooling Between Male and Female in Recreational Runners
Authors: Maghfiroh Rinna Ainul , Konharn Kurusart
Published: July 2022

Background: Maintaining internal body temperature is critical for the runner’s performance. The inability to reduce the rising temperature may result in hyperthermia and muscle fatigue. Pre-cooling may lower core temperature, allowing for greater heat storage during exercise and delaying thermally-induced fatigue, as well as increased motor output through decrease electrical activity by cooling the muscles. Furthermore, there have been lack studies that compare electrical activity in muscle between gender differences in response to prolonged exercise after pre-cooling. Objective: The purpose of this study to investigate the changes in electrical activity pre and post cold water immersion (CWI) in male and female recreational runners. Methods: This case involved 2 males and 2 females aged 20 years old who are physically active runner with normal-weight BMI. The outcome was measured using electromyography (EMG) which was carried out every 4 minutes while 1st and 2nd running sessions (16 minutes). Results: Male subjects' electrical activity (mV) decreased significantly between 8 to 16 minutes and 16 to 8 minutes (p=0.04, p0.05). But not in female subjects (p0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that CWI as pre-cooling had an effect of lowering the electrical activity level in the muscle during running in both genders.Keywords: electromyography, electrical activity, cold water immersion, gender, recreational runner
Model Hubungan Laju Sedimen Melayang Dan Indikator Biota Perairan Sungai
Authors: Dwi Arnanda Putra Novindio , Wahono Endro Prasetyo , Zakaria Ahmad
Published: July 2022

Pada penentuan kesehatan sungai, faktor seperti laju sedimen dasar sungai terhadap kelimpahan dan keragaman bio-indikator khususnya makroinvertebrata air merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh untuk mengetahui apakah kondisi ekosistem sungai sehat. Keberadaan dan kelimpahan beberapa jenis makrozoobenthos sebagai hewan bentik sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi habitatnya yaitu sedimen dasar dan kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mengidentifikasi karakteristik sedimen, (2) Menganalisis besaran laju sedimen melayang, (3) Membandingkan kualitas ekosistem kedua sungai melalui aspek bio-indikator dan (4) Menganalisis hubungan antara laju sedimen melayang terhadap keragaman dan kelimpahan makroinvertebrata di ekosistem sungai. Lokasi penelitian ini terletak di sungai Ci Pampangan dan Ci Durian kecamatan Rajabasa, Bandar Lampung yangmembentang sepanjang wilayah hutan lindung Taman Hutan Raya (Pesawaran) hingga Batu Putu kota Bandar Lampung. Pengambilan sampel meliputi terbagi menjadi 3 yaitu sampel debit air, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan sampling makroinvertebrata. Secara keseluruhan sungai Ci Durian memiliki kualitas sungai yang lebih baik daripada sungai Ci Pampangan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai laju sedimen di sungai Ci Durian yang cenderung lebih stabil per harinya meskipun terjadi perubahan kondisi cuaca. Akibatnya nilai kelimpahan dan keragaman biota di sungai Ci Durian lebih tinggi dibandingkan sungai Ci Pampangan.
Climate Change and Land Use Dynamics in Djirnda Commune (Fatick Region - Senegal): Remote Sensing Approach
Authors: Faye Mbagnick , Tine Dome , Diouf Fatou , Cissay Adam , Faye Cheikh Sadibou
Published: July 2022

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. It is a real and rapid phenomenon which, perhaps, does not dramatically affect people today but will certainly have harmful effects on future generations. It has led to the weakening of ecosystems and accelerated the degradation of natural resources. This situation has prompted the scientific world to sound the alarm to warn of its environmental and socio-economic impacts.

This study seeks to analyze the dynamics of land use in Djirnda municipality in climate change. A pixel-based classification approach and the maximum likelihood algorithm were retained. The data used concerns Landsat images from 1986, 2000 and 2015. The post-classification comparison method is used to detect changes in the classified images. The overall accuracy of the classifications gives satisfactory results with 90 % for 1986, 89 % for 2000 and 91 % for 2015 and a respective Kappa coefficient of 89 %, 85 % and 90 %. The results of land use dynamics revealed an increase in mangroves (1553.13 ha) and salt lands (957.15 ha), and a regression in water surface (- 458.64 ha) and mudflats (- 2051.64 ha).
Provision of Tourism Facilities During the Covid-19 Pandemic (Case Study in Bali Zoo, Singapadu Village, Gianyar Regency)
Authors: Marcelino Jose Ayub , Sukana Made , Anom I Putu
Published: July 2022

The Covid19 pandemic that has hit the world has made the tourism sector one of the affected, after a presidential decree was issued for the community to face the new normal era, which means we can return to our activities as usual while still complying with health protocols. The purpose of this study is to look at the facilities at the Bali Zoo amid the pandemic. The results of this study show that the tourist facilities at the Bali Zoo are appropriate in the new normal era of the covid19 pandemic, after this pandemic the tourist facilities were equipped and adapted to health protocol standards. One of them is by facilitating hand washing and hand sanitizers at several tourist area points. In addition, several facilities for purchasing entrance tickets have also been added, tourists can buy entrance tickets online or come directly to the ticket booth. All staff at Bali Zoo have carried out full-dose vaccinations.
Evaluation of Property Investment (Case of Buy or Build Commercial Office Building in Jakarta’s CBD Area)
Authors: Novitasari Juwita , Rahadi Raden Aswin , Rahadi Raden Aswin
Published: July 2022

Financial security plays an important role in the company’s sustainability.  Property is one of the financial security mediums and at the same time also as the investment medium. Not only the medium but also the investment destination is very influential in the result. Therefore, Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia and as the centre of economic activity has a very big potential market. Jakarta is divided into 5 administrative cities, and CBD as the prime area is located in the golden triangle of Jakarta specifically in South Jakarta.
BPG Corporation is one of the companies based in Jakarta, with the intention to strengthen its financial security. The company assesses by the valuation to investing in a property sector, which faces two choices whether to buy or to build from the ground.
This study will use the Discounted Cash Flow method as the valuation tool to predict the risks, advantages, and weaknesses of the company’s financials. The result is that the buy option is more beneficial to the company with current available equity. IRR of the buy option has ranged from 8% to 13% and the NPV indicates also positive figures.
Stock Market Volatility and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Emerging and Developed Countries: An Application of the Asymmetric Exponential GARCH Model
Authors: Silva Carlos Alberto Gonçalves
Published: July 2022

The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of COVID-19 on the return and volatility of stock market indices of emerging and developed countries (Brazil, Canada, United States, France, India, and Mexico) using an asymmetric exponential GARCH model. The daily returns of the market indices from January 2019 to December 2020 were considered. The results reveal negative average daily returns for all stock market indices during the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020 to June 2020). Although the second half of the pandemic period (2020) reflects a recovery of all indices with altered strengths, volatility remains higher than in normal periods, signaling a bearish trend in the market. The variable COVID-19 has been shown to have a positive impact on the volatility of stock returns for all indices, i.e., indicating increased volatility in the analyzed stock markets. In addition, it is also found that the COVID variable has a negative impact on average returns only in the stock market of Brazil and France.
Sustaining Business Projects on Challenging Environments
Authors: Mwangangi Richard Isaac
Published: July 2022

For a progressive business, there are necessary projects. All business implements their growth strategic plan through the development of projects. The business projects can either be identified as financial or non-financial. Every type of project has its unique environmental challenges. These become amplified in the context of complex environments or when projects deteriorate to the point they should be killed or need recovery. This paper focuses on strategies how to sustain business projects in challenging environments. The pillars of all business projects are the project period, cost, and resources. Project environment challenges will always affect these pillars. To mitigate the environmental challenges the paper narrowed the scope to project identification/ initiation, planning, and implementation in order to successfully handle the project environment. Different types of environments are also discussed in this paper; macro, micro, and intermediate environment on how they affect business projects. All these environments are examined to highlight how best a project business can navigate successfully through its challenges. In an operating environment that is dynamic and highly challenging, business projects need to appreciate the importance of crafting and effectively executing strategies that can help them navigate the environment challenge to carry it through any unexpected and challenging eventuality. The paper concludes that good and sincere project identification/ initiation, and planning will ultimately ensure smooth project implementation through a challenging project environment.
Performance Evaluation of Call Admission Control Schemes in 3GPP Long Term Evolution Networks
Authors: Abdulazeez Abdulhakeem , Malami Umar Maniru , Yese Solomon Orduen , Mohammed Aminu
Published: July 2022

Radio resource management (RRM) techniques are employed for resource utilization in wireless broadband networks. One of the major RRM techniques that are aimed at controlling the admission and rejection of new or handoff calls/connections in a network is known as Call Admission Control (CAC). CAC accepts or rejects a connection request based on a certain pre-determined criterion(s). Performance Evaluation of some existing CAC schemes was presented in this paper. The schemes evaluated are; Adaptive Call Admission Control Scheme with Bandwidth reservation termed as (ACAC), QoS-Aware Call Admission Control Scheme termed as (QA-CAC) and Enhanced Adaptive Call Admission Control Scheme with bandwidth reservation termed (EA-CAC). Vienna LTE system level simulator was used for the simulation experiments conducted. After several experiments, the results show that the QA-CAC and EA-CAC schemes perform better in terms of increasing the throughput of real-time (RT) traffic while all the three schemes almost have the same performance in terms of admitting the non-real-time (NRT) traffic.
Evidence of a Magmatic Intrusion in the Tim Mersoi Basin in Relation With Uranium Mineralizations
Authors: Abdoulwahid Sani , Idi Souley B. , Idi Karimou L. , Halarou Mallam M. , Chekaraou Mahamane M. S. , Konaté Moussa
Published: July 2022

The Tim Mersoi Basin is a very rich uranium basin. It is a basin that belongs to the Iullemenden syncline located in the northern part of Niger. Research work in recent years in this basin has revealed significant mineralization. The present study in this basin is based on the QEMSCAN and petrographic analysis of samples particularly highlighted during recent exploration campaigns. This study has shown that the basement of the sector is granitic in nature but the presence of an andesite intrusion has been revealed in this studied area. The presence of this andesite dyke has also shown a close link with uranium mineralization.
Case Series: Iatrogenic Rupture of The Bladder
Authors: Putra I Gede Mega , Megadhana I Wayan , Darmayasa I Made , Karisma Made Nathassa
Published: July 2022

Rupture of the bladder is a rare occurrence, and some are significantly caused by trauma to the abdomen. In rare cases, Rupture of the bladder could cause by surgery (iatrogenic). Rupture of the bladder is most frequently iatrogenic, can happen to the operation gynecology and urology because of proximity structures in the pelvis, but can happen too with general surgery and orthopedic surgery. Because tear or Rupture of the bladder occurs in trauma cases and can also happen because action surgery (iatrogenic) is vital for doctor surgery or doctor content that does action on the pelvic area for more alert. That thing remembers complications from Rupture. This is when no quick handle could result in death. Case series this made for giving description and management if occur Rupture of the bladder consequence of the process or action operation. There are 4 case series; this is to be expected could increase knowledge of the occurrence of Rupture of the bladder consequence of the surgery performed by the doctor. Case series can also help identify actions that can only result in Rupture of the bladder so that doctor Becomes more alert and careful when to do surgery.
An Assessment of The Mahdi Discourse in the Shahkulu Rebellion and Hijri 1000
Authors: Artan Mihriban
Published: July 2022

Throughout the history of Islam, many people who wanted to benefit from the power of the Savior concept declared themselves “Mahdi”. In addition, members of many political formations, religious-mystical groups and sects accepted the leader of the community to which they belonged as Mahdi. The existing powers, political formations/ movements and beliefs that these Mahdis saw as rivals have become a symbol of evil against them. Thereby a tremendous rivalry, representing good and evil, developed between them. In this rivalry, the goal of the leaders or belief leaders, who declared themselves Mahdi, was to eliminate the rival political formations, raise themselves to the dominant position and seize power. This situation has been occurred since the early days of Islam and this kind of cases have always had similar characteristics. Similar methods have been used in most of the rebellions organized around this idea. Shahkulu which occurred in 1511 was undoubtedly manifested by similar ways.This paper will examine the Mahdian aspect of the Shahkulu Rebellion and the methods applied by Shahkulu. The study will have some basic questions in this direction and will make some inferences about the role of the Mahdi discourse in the Shahkulu Rebellion within the scope of these questions. How was the phenomenon of Mahdi understood in 16th-century Islam? Why did the leaders of the 16th-century Islamic states (Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires) and sects use the title Mahdi? How did Shahkulu reach the rank of Mahdi? What metaphors of the Mahdi concept did Shahkulu use? How did Shahkulu utilize Shah Ismail’s charisma for his political interests? The answers to all these questions, which present the basic questions of our study, will be given in the conclusion.Within the scope of the above-mentioned questions, this paper will try to enlighten the effect of Hijri 1000 on the Mahdi concept in the 16th century, the nature that the Mahdi discourse (seen in the Shahkulu Rebellion wich was the first of the Kizilbash uprisings with the Mahdi concept, emerged in the 16th century) gave to the rebellion, and the ground prepared for the next uprisings. Besides, the paper will discuss and compare the main sources, reports, letters and researches by using a descriptive, interpretive and holistic method.
Penggembangan Bahan Ajar Teks Puisi Berbasis Aplikasi Anchor Siswa Kelas X SMA Swasta Raksana Tahun Pembelajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Lubis Fitriani , Lase Herni Serli Yanti
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk, (1) Mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan bahan ajar teks puisi berbasis aplikasi Anchor pada siswa kelas X SMA Swasta Raksana Tahun Pembelajaran 2021/2022, (2) Mendeskripsikan kelayakan bahan ajar berbasis aplikasi Anchor pada siswa kelas X SMA Swasta Raksana Tahun Pembelajaran 2021/2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 32 peserta didik dengan metode Research and Development (R&D) instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala likert, pada analisis kebutuhan, validasi materi, desain dan penilaian peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Teks Puisi Berbasis Aplikasi Anchor Siswa Kelas X SMA Swasta Raksana Tahun Pembelajaran 2021/2022 termasuk kriteria “Sangat Baik”dapat dilihat dari hasil rata-rata penilaian dosen ahli materi dengan presentase 92% . Hasil dari penilaian dosen ahli desain 82% termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Baik”, dan didukung dari hasil uji coba produk kepada peserta didik memperoleh penilaian dengan presentase 88,2% yang termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Baik”. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar teks puisi berbasis aplikasi Anchor layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Sistem Pivot Bahasa Mandailing: Kajian Tipologi Bahasa
Authors: Handayani Dila , Ritonga Maimunah
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan sistem pivot bahasa Mandailing (BM). Analisis data menggunakan metode agih dengan teknik ganti dan ubah-ujud. Uji pivot dilakukan terhadap konstruksi koordinatif, subordinatif, klausa adverbial dan klausa verba tak terbatas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara gramatikal BM termasuk tipologi bahasa akusatif. Uji pivot menunjukkan bahwa pelesapan FN dalam BM dapat dilakukan secara langsung apabila FN ada dalam fungsi S atau A. Apabila FN berada dalam fungsi P pelesapan tidak dapat dilakukan secara langsung, tapi salah satu klausa harus dipasifkan atau ditopikalisasikan lebih dulu. Berdasarkan pola tersebut disimpulkan bahwa BM sebagai bahasa bertipologi akusatif dengan pola pivot S/A.
Metafora dan Strategi Penerjemahannya pada Surat Ali Imran Versi Indonesia dan Inggris
Authors: Rijal Achmad Saifur , Rasyid Fathor , Rofiq Zainur
Published: July 2022

Metafora adalah ekspresi bahasa kiasan yang memberikan kognisi dan membuat bahasa terlihat lebih estetis. Ungkapan ini sering ditemukan dalam Al-Qur'an yang harus dipahami dengan baik, karena makna Al-Qur'an terkadang dinyatakan secara tersurat dan kadang tersirat dengan memakai bahasa kiasan. Penerjemahan metafora pada kitab suci merupakan sebuah tantangan tersendiri karena kitab suci ini memiliki kandungan kesusastraan yang tinggi, sehingga, terjemahan yang baik harus mampu mempertahankan keindahan unsur sastra maupun kandungan makna yang disampaikan. Penelitian ini mengkaji metafora dalam Al-Qur’an Surat Ali Imran dan strategi penerjemahannya dalam versi Bahasa Indonesia dan Inggris. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis metafora serta strategi yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan metafora tersebut. Data diambil dari terjemahan Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia pada Surat Ali Imran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa ekspresi metafora dalam Surat Ali Imran serta terdapat dua strategi penerjemahan metafora yang diterapkan dalam versi bahasa Inggris dan tiga strategi dalam versi bahasa Indonesia. Strategi tersebut adalah mereproduksi citra yang sama dalam bahasa sasaran, mengubah metafora menjadi maknanya, dan menggabungkan metafora dengan makna (hanya dalam versi bahasa Indonesia).
Nilai Sosiologis Dalam Lagu Anakhon Hi Do Hamoraon Di Ahu karya Nahum Situmorang
Authors: Siregar Junifer , Siahaan Rachel Yoan Katherin Putri , Sihombing Maslan
Published: July 2022

Karya sastra merupakan bentuk dari seni, seperti halnya seni musik, seni lukis, seni tari, dan sebagainya, didalamnya sudah mengandung penilaian seni dan kata seni. Karya sastra dapat berupa tulisan dan lisan yang mengandung nilai-nilai kebaikan yang ditulis dalam bahasa yang indah. Beberapa bentuk sastra tulisan adalah kitabkitab dan beberapa buku-buku lainnya. Beberapa contoh dari sastra tulisan yang masih ditemukan sampai saat ini adalah pustaha Batak dan Aksara Batak. Sastra lisan memiliki contoh lagu-lagu daerah, umpama, dan umpasa (dalam Batak Toba) sebagai hal-hal yang menjadi kebudayaan turun temurun. Karya sastra biasanya akan bersifat dinamis dan perkembangannya biasanya dipengaruhi oleh apa yang dialaminya pada kehidupan dan pengalamannya sehari-hari. Lagu daerah merupakan salah satu hal yang paling menarik dari suatu daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai sosial yang terkandung pada teks lagu anakhon hi do hamoraon di au karya Nahum Situmorang. Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan cara analisis interpretasi dan wawancara.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Bermakna Melalui Metode Project Based Learning (PJBL) Pada Materi Teks Prosedur Kelas XI
Authors: Sitompul Lista , Nababan Ernie Bertha
Published: July 2022

Mengimplementasikan pembelajaran bermakna merupakan tanggung jawab seorang guru. Diperlukan pemilihan metode yang bersinergi dengan materi agar tercapai pembelajaran bermakna. Dalam penelitian pada materi teks prosedur kelas XI, didapati bahwa metode yang dipilih belum memenuhi indikator pembelajaran bermakna karena kurangnya sinergi metode pembelajaran dan materi pembelajaran, yaitu teks prosedur kelas XI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi pembelajaran bermakna melalui metode Project Based Learning (PjBL) pada materi teks prosedur kelas XI dengan mengkaji sinergi antara metode PjBl dan materi pembelajaran. Deskriptif kualitatif adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode PjBL memiliki sinergi dengan materi teks prosedur kelas XI dan keenam langkah dalam metode Project Based Learning (PjBL) memenuhi indikator pembelajaran bermakna pada materi teks prosedur kelas XI karena megakomodir semua ranah kehidupan siswa mulai dari pikiran (head), hati (heart), dan tindakan (hand).
Efektivitas Strategi Pembelajaran Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir (SPPKB) dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi pada Siswa Kelas X SMA
Authors: Rosmiati Ati
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa menulis Teks eksposisi menggunakan Strategi Pembelajaran Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir (SPPKB), strategi pembelajaran konvensional. Strategi manakah yang lebih efektif, apakah Strategi Pembelajaran Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir (SPPKB) atau konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, dengan instrumen tes kemampuan menulis Teks eksposisi berbentuk tulisan/karangan. Tes ini diujikan sebanyak 2 (dua) kali. Setelah masing-masing kelompok mengikuti pretes maka diberi perlakuan menggunakan SPPKB dan konvensional. Karena penelitian ini bersifat komparatif, maka harga skor variabel XA dan variabel XB diperbandingkan satu sama lain. Perbandingan yang digunakan adalah statistik “t”.
حروف الجر ومعا نيها في سورة هود
Authors: Muh. Jabir  , Titin Fatimah  , Rezki Awaliyah
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji jumlah dan makna huruf jarr dalam Al Quran pada surah Hud. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa terdapat 251 huruf jarr pada surah Hud, yang terbagi dalam 76 harf min,  26 harf ila, 10 harf ‘an, 36 harf ‘ala, 40 harf fi, 46 harf ba’, 4 harf kaf, dan 13 harf lam.
Effects of Environmental Stresses on the Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana Rosette Leaves
Authors: Jiao Xiang , Peng Chenchen , Zhang Huichun , Huang Zhihui , Zhao Yan
Published: July 2022

Plant growth is constantly affected by biotic and abiotic stresses, which are especially expressed in plant leaves. Therefore, leaf phenotype is considered to be an important indicator of phenotypic plasticity in plants. The effects of various growth environmental factors on the final size of Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves and the number of leaves were analyzed in orthogonal tests using image analysis, and growth curves were estimated statistically. Finally, the optimum growth environment for A. thaliana Col-0 was determined. In this study, temperature, humidity, and light intensity were chosen as factors and studied at the three levels each (temperature: 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C; humidity: 50%, 65%, 80%; light intensity: 92 μmol·m−2·s−1; 184 μmol·m−2·s−1; 278 μmol·m−2·s−1). The results showed that light intensity was a major factor in the final leaf size, whereas for the number of plant leaves the most important was temperature. According to the major and minor order of environmental factors, the following scheme appeared to be optimal for A. thaliana growth: temperature 22 °C, humidity 50%, illumination intensity 184 μmol·m−2·s−1.
A Spatial Model of Forest Area in the Middle Ages Based on Historical, Archaeological and Geographic Data: A Case Study of 13th-Century Chełmno Land (North-Central Poland)
Authors: Molewski Paweł
Published: July 2022

The settlement established under German law in Chełmno Land in the 13th century, the resultant changes in the structure of agriculture and land cultivation techniques, and the growing demand on wood as timber, fuel and raw materials for crafts, all combined to contribute to the significant deforestation of the territory. The extent of this deforestation remains conjectural. The purpose in creating a model of forest area in 13th-century Chełmno Land was to attempt to reconstruct it and determine its size and, consequently, to verify hypotheses concerning the scale and the ultimate end of deforestation in the research area. The spatial model is based on published historical and archaeological data relating to selected components of the geographical environment that pertain to the forest area. A retrogressive method combined with Multi-Criterion Evaluation (MCE) was used to build a forest area model. The basic platform for collecting, analysing and visualising spatial data was the geographic information system (GIS). The presented estimates indicate that the forest area of Chełmno Land in the 13th century was larger than had previously been assumed, at about 20–25% of the entire territory.
The role of integral assessment of ecosystem level of non-State pension funds in achieving competitiveness when implementing the ecosystem approach
Authors: v Mikhail V. , YAROVAYA Ekaterina S.
Published: July 2022

Subject. The article addresses the ecosystem of non-State pension fund (NPF), as a tool to ensure competitiveness, and criteria of its assessment.
Objectives. The aim is to determine trends in the pension industry, review ecosystems that are emerging on the basis of banks and existing approaches to the analysis of competitiveness of credit financial institutions, define the place and role of the ecosystem indicator in assessing the NPF competitiveness, formulate recommendations for competitiveness criteria.
Methods. We employ the systems and structural-functional methods to examine the main approaches, used in assessing the competitiveness, evaluation of the findings of theoretical and applied research in the field of analysis of enterprise competitiveness given the high variability of external environment.
Results. We defined and systematized factors affecting the competitiveness of non-State pension funds in modern market conditions. It is necessary to expand assessment criteria and add those reflecting the ecosystem indicator. The paper offers an approach to ranking this indicator, which can be applied regardless of the chosen method for assessing the competitiveness of non-State pension funds.
Conclusions. Ecosystems will act as a driver of growth and competitiveness of non-State pension funds. Accordingly, there is an acute question of methodology for calculating the quantitative characteristic of the index of NPF competitiveness in the ecosystem approach implementation. Some aspects of this article were reflected in the development strategy for AO NPF Surgutneftegas for 2022–2026.
Methodological aspects of assessing the commercial and social efficiency of e-waste recycling projects
Authors: RATNER Svetlana V. , BAGAEVA Dar'ya M.
Published: July 2022

Subject. The economic and social efficiency of e-waste recycling projects significantly depend on the recycling volume, quality and efficiency of the system for waste collection and transportation. The key issue in organizing such a system is the ability to predict the volume of waste generated by electronic and electrical equipment in the selected area.
Objectives. The study aims to develop and test a methodology for predicting the volume of electronic waste generation at the level of individual territories, based on annually published Rosstat statistics.
Methods. We employ methods of project analysis, time series analysis, the methodology of the Global E-waste Statistics Partnership (GESP). We also use statistical books of the Federal State Statistics Service “Regions of Russia. Socio-economic Indicators” for 2017–2021, as information base.
Results. We obtained a projection of the volume of electronic waste generation for ten regions of the Russian Federation, assessed the potential for creating new jobs in the field of e-waste recycling for each considered region. The data can be used in calculating the indicators of commercial and social efficiency of projects for industrial processing facility construction.
Conclusions. The predicted results can be refined by conducting additional empirical studies to identify changes in the consumer behavior of Russian citizens in response to a change in the economic situation and arising problems with the availability of a number of electronic goods.
Transparency, Detection and Imitation in Strategic Classification
Authors: Barsotti Flavia , Kocer Ruya Gokhan , Santos Fernando P.
Published: July 2022

Given the ubiquity of AI-based decisions that affect individuals’ lives, providing transparent explanations about algorithms is ethically sound and often legally mandatory. How do individuals strategically adapt following explanations? What are the consequences of adaptation for algorithmic accuracy? We simulate the interplay between explanations shared by an Institution (e.g. a bank) and the dynamics of strategic adaptation by Individuals reacting to such feedback. Our model identifies key aspects related to strategic adaptation and the challenges that an institution could face as it attempts to provide explanations. Resorting to an agent-based approach, our model scrutinizes: i) the impact of transparency in explanations, ii) the interaction between faking behavior and detection capacity and iii) the role of behavior imitation. We find that the risks of transparent explanations are alleviated if effective methods to detect faking behaviors are in place. Furthermore, we observe that behavioral imitation --- as often happens across societies --- can alleviate malicious adaptation and contribute to accuracy, even after transparent explanations.