bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grouping sunflower genotypes for yield, oil content, and reaction to Alternaria leaf spot using GGE biplot
Authors: Leite Regina Maria Villas Bôas de Campos , Oliveira Maria Cristina Neves de
Published: September 2015

Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the suitability of the multivariate method of principal component analysis (PCA) using the GGE biplot software for grouping sunflower genotypes for their reaction to Alternaria leaf spot disease (Alternariaster helianthi), and for their yield and oil content. Sixty-nine genotypes were evaluated for disease severity in the field, at the R3 growth stage, in seven growing seasons, in Londrina, in the state of Paraná, Brazil, using a diagrammatic scale developed for this disease. Yield and oil content were also evaluated. Data were standardized using the software Statistica, and GGE biplot was used for PCA and graphical display of data. The first two principal components explained 77.9% of the total variation. According to the polygonal biplot using the first two principal components and three response variables, the genotypes were divided into seven sectors. Genotypes located on sectors 1 and 2 showed high yield and high oil content, respectively, and those located on sector 7 showed tolerance to the disease and high yield, despite the high disease severity. The principal component analysis using GGE biplot is an efficient method for grouping sunflower genotypes based on the studied variables.
Development of a diagrammatic scale for the evaluation of postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava roots
Authors: Venturini Marcela Tonini , Santos Leandro Ribeiro dos , Oliveira Eder Jorge de
Published: September 2015

Abstract:The objective of this work was to develop a scale to assess the severity of postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of cassava roots, and to validate this scale for accuracy and reproducibility estimates. A diagrammatic scale (0 to 100%) for the damaged roots was analyzed according to precision, accuracy, and reproducibility. Seven evaluators (four with experience and three without it) quantified the PPD severity, with or without the scale, considering 150 roots with different levels of PPD. Without and with the use of the scale, respectively, the inexperienced evaluators obtained coefficients of determination (R2) from 0.76 to 0.86 and 0.87 to 0.92, and the experienced evaluators obtained R2 from 0.90 to 0.96 and 0.96 to 0.97. The values of the intercept (a) obtained by both the experienced and inexperienced evaluators who did not use the scale were all significant, while after using the scale, only two evaluators got values that were not significantly different from one. Evaluation reproducibility between the evaluators ranged from 0.61 to 0.91 for the inexperienced ones and from 0.83 to 0.95 for the experienced ones. The proposed diagrammatic scale was considered appropriate to estimate the severity of PPD in cassava roots, and can be used to identify sources of tolerance to postharvest deterioration.
Modeling growth and yield of loblolly pinestands under intensive management
Authors: Ferraz Filho Antonio Carlos , Scolforo José Roberto Soares , Oliveira Antonio Donizette de , Mello José Márcio de
Published: September 2015

Abstract:The objective of this work was to develop and validate a prognosis system for volume yield and basal area of intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands, using stand and diameter class models compatible in basal area estimates. The data used in the study were obtained from plantations located in northern Uruguay. For model validation without data loss, a three-phase validation scheme was applied: first, the equations were fitted without the validation database; then, model validation was carried out; and, finally, the database was regrouped to recalibrate the parameter values. After the validation and final parameterization of the models, a simulation of the first commercial thinning was carried out. The developed prognosis system was precise and accurate in estimating basal area production per hectare or per diameter classes. There was compatibility in basal area estimates between diameter class and whole stand models, with a mean difference of -0.01 m2ha-1. The validation scheme applied is logic and consistent, since information on the accuracy and precision of the models is obtained without the loss of any information in the estimation of the models' parameters.
Métodos de inoculação de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum para triagem de cultivares de soja resistentes ao mofo-branco
Authors: Garcia Riccely Ávila , Meyer Maurício Conrado , Ávila Kássia Aparecida Garcia Barbosa , Cunha Marcos Gomes da
Published: September 2015

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência e a praticidade de métodos de inoculação de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, para uso na seleção de cultivares de soja resistentes ao mofo-branco. Avaliaram-se quatro métodos de inoculação, em plantas no estádio fenológico V3/V4. Aos três e sete dias após a inoculação, mediu-se o comprimento da lesão na haste das plantas. As cultivares de soja BRS 8460RR, BRSGO Ipameri e P98Y11 apresentaram as menores lesões. O método de inoculação por meio de ponteira no pecíolo é o mais eficiente e mais prático para avaliar a resistência ao mofo-branco em soja.
Investigação epidemiológica de Estomatite vesicular por achados clínicos em bovinos e equinos no Estado do Maranhão
Authors: Arruda Roberto C.N. de , Segundo José M.F. , Soares Bruno A. , Martins Nelson R.S. , Barçante Thales A. , Barçante Joziana M.P.
Published: September 2015

Resumo:A Estomatite Vesicular (EV) é uma doença infecciosa que acomete equinos, bovinos, suínos, mamíferos silvestres e humanos. Por apresentar sinais clínicos semelhantes a outras doenças vesiculares, principalmente, febre aftosa, sua presença em determinadas regiões pode interferir no intercâmbio comercial internacional dos animais, seus produtos e subprodutos. Apesar de sua importância, a epidemiologia e a manutenção do vírus no ambiente não estão totalmente esclarecidas dificultando a aplicação de medidas de controle efetivas. A doença já foi diagnosticada em todas as regiões brasileiras. Bovinos com sialorréia, perda do epitélio lingual, lesões abertas com bordas amareladas nas gengivas, lábios, língua e mucosa oral e equinos com sialorréia e lesões abertas na mucosa oral e lábios foram observados e notificados ao Serviço Veterinário Oficial do Estado do Maranhão, Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Maranhão (AGRD/MA). Amostras de soro de equinos e bovinos com sintomas de EV foram coletadas para investigação por ELISA e por neutralização viral, além do diagnóstico diferencial para Febre Aftosa (FA). Fragmentos epiteliais de bovinos com lesões na língua foram coletados para identificação molecular do agente. Todos os animais foram negativos para FA. Todos os bovinos e equinos foram reativos para EV nos testes sorológicos. A partir dos fragmentos epiteliais de bovinos enviados ao Instituto Biológico de São Paulo para PCR, foi possível caracterizar o agente como VesiculovirusIndiana III (Alagoas/VSAV).
Cytokine gene expression and molecular detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosisin organs of experimentally infected mice
Authors: Schwarz David G.G. , Pietralonga Pricila A.G. , Souza Marina C.C. , Carvalho Isabel A. , Cruzeiro Rosyane S. , Malaquias Juaci V. , Benjamin Laércio A. , Silva Júnior Abelardo , Moreira Maria A.S.
Published: September 2015

AbstractMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) can infect ruminants and remain subclinical for long periods within herds. The identification of organs that are more susceptible to infection and the evaluation of cytokine expression at the site of infection are important to understand the pathogenesis of MAP. In this study, the probability of detection of MAP-DNA and the expression of cytokines in organs of C57BL/6 mice infected intraperitoneally for 120 days were evaluated. Among the evaluated organs, the spleen (85%), colon (75%) and liver (60%) had the highest frequency of positivity. When compared these frequencies between organs, it has been found that the spleen had 1.54 times as likely to be positive in relation to the ileum, and 2.0 times more likely in relation to the Peyer's patches. In addition, at 60 days post-infection, the spleen and the liver were responsible for upregulation of IFN-γ , and the ileum by TNF-α and IL-4. The results indicate that the spleen is the best organ for evaluating an experimental infection by MAP, especially in the initial stages of the infection. Moreover, it showed that the spleen, liver and ileum have a direct role in the inflammatory response in experimental models.
Babesia canis vogeli infection in dogs and ticks in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Araujo Andreina C. , Silveira Júlia A.G. , Azevedo Sérgio S. , Nieri-Bastos Fernanda A. , Ribeiro Múcio F.B. , Labruna Marcelo B. , Horta Mauricio C.
Published: September 2015

Abstract:This study aimed to report the prevalence of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs and ticks in the urban and rural areas of Petrolina, Pernambuco. Serum and peripheral blood samples of 404 dogs were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and by blood smears, respectively. The presence of tick infestation was evaluated, and some specimens were submitted to DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of antibodies anti-B. canis vogeli was determinate in 57.9% (234/404) of dogs. The direct detection of Babesia spp was obtained in 0.5% (2/404) dogs by visualization of intraerythrocytic forms. Infestation by Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was observed in 54.5% (220/404) of dogs in both urban and rural areas. DNA of Babesia canis vogeli were obtained by PCR in 6% individual (3/50) and 8.7% of pool of ticks (7/80). The risk factors for the presence of anti-B. canis vogeli antibodies, as determined through the application of logistic regression models (P<0.05), were the following: medium breed size variables (P<0.001); contact with areas of forest (P=0.021); and access on the street (P=0.046). This study describes, for the first time, the confirmation of infection of B. canis vogeli in dogs and ticks in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil.
Avaliação da produção de biogás de dejetos de suínos utilizando a metodologia de superfície de resposta
Authors: Cancelier Adriano , Soto Ubiridiana Patrícia Dal' , Costelli Murilo Cesar , Lopes Toni Jefferson , Silva Adriano da
Published: September 2015

O presente estudo avaliou as condições operacionais que podem maximizar a produção do biogás a partir do uso de biodigestores. Os ensaios experimentais foram conduzidos utilizando dejetos de suínos em fase de terminação, com concentração de sólidos totais na coleta de 70,6% p/v. Os experimentos avaliaram, segundo a metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR), a influência de cinco fatores: temperatura, concentração inicial de matéria orgânica e influência da adição de nutrientes inorgânicos (FeSO4×7H2O, NiSO4×6H2O e MnSO4×4H2O). Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para a concentração de biomassa inicial de 395 a 595 g.L-1 e a temperatura de 33,5 a 44ºC. Em relação ao uso de nutrientes no processo de biodigestão anaeróbia, os resultados permitiram concluir que houve significativa redução no tempo de retenção hidráulica (TRH) e maior produtividade de biogás.
Desenvolvimento e validação de método para quantificação simultânea de ofloxacina, norfloxacina e ciprofloxacina em urina humana
Authors: Zanchetta Priscilla Garozi , Pena Angelina , Gonçalves Ricardo Franci
Published: September 2015

Processos de tratamentos têm sido alvo de estudos com a finalidade de promover a remoção dos fármacos na urina humana de forma a garantir a segurança ambiental da utilização dessa como fertilizante na agricultura. Neste artigo foi desenvolvido e validado um método de CLAE-DF para a determinação simultânea de ofloxacina, norfloxacina e ciprofloxacina na urina humana. O método proposto descreve uma alternativa eficaz para a determinação de resíduos de fluoroquinolonas, eliminando o passo de limpeza. Além disso, o método proposto demonstrou ser seletivo, com boa linearidade (r>0,99), sensibilidade, precisão (80% a 107%) e repetitividade. Este método mostra ser adequado para análises de rotina (de baixo custo, simples, e utilizando pequeno volume de solventes) para abordagens ecológicas.
Utilização de coalescedor com leito de resinas de trocas catiônicas para pré-tratamento de óleo emulsionado em efluentes líquidos
Authors: Motta Albérico Ricardo Passos , Borges Cristiano Piacsek , Kiperstok Asher , Esquerre Karla Patricia
Published: September 2015

O tratamento de efluentes com coalescedor de leito consiste em induzir o aumento das gotas de óleo, pela passagem da emulsão por um leito poroso, para que elas possam, posteriormente, flotar por processo de separação gravitacional. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar considerações técnicas e experimentais sobre o uso do coalescedor de leito granular, com leito constituído por resinas de trocas catiônicas, visando o pré-tratamento de óleo emulsionado em efluentes líquidos. Os testes ocorreram em uma unidade em escala de bancada alimentada com emulsão óleo em água (O/A) com um teor de óleos e graxas (TOG) entre 200 e 400 mg.L-1 e diâmetro de gotas entre 3 a 8 μm. As velocidades do fluido (v) testadas foram entre 4,4 e 17,4 m.h-1. A altura do leito do coalescedor foi fixada em 5 cm. Os parâmetros usados para avaliar a eficiência dos testes foram eficiência de remoção de óleo (%E), pressão diferencial através do leito (Δp) e permeabilidade do leito (ko). Os resultados mostraram que o processo operou em estado estacionário e que os valores de TOG testados influenciaram no processo, bem como as velocidades do fluido, cuja elevação reduziu a eficiência significativamente. Os valores aproximados de %E obtidos foram 50 e 20-30%, para valores de v de 4,4 e 17,4 m.h-1, respectivamente.
Tamanho de bolhas de ar formadas por difusores não porosos na água
Authors: Lima Neto Iran Eduardo
Published: September 2015

Neste estudo foram realizados experimentos para investigar o tamanho de bolhas de ar formadas a partir de difusores não porosos em um tanque de água. O tamanho das bolhas individuais e o diâmetro de Sauter foram avaliados usando uma técnica de processamento de imagens. Os resultados confirmam que a vazão de ar e o diâmetro do orifício são parâmetros importantes que controlam a distribuição do tamanho das bolhas e o diâmetro de Sauter. Análise dimensional é realizada para fornecer uma relação adimensional geral para predição do diâmetro de Sauter (usando uma escala de comprimento adequada, baseada na vazão de ar) e o número de Reynolds na saída do orifício. Essa relação apresenta bom ajuste aos dados experimentais obtidos neste estudo e a partir de investigações anteriores disponíveis na literatura, incluindo também experimentos com múltiplos orifícios. Finalmente, são apresentadas aplicações potenciais da relação adimensional obtida.
Disposição continental de sedimentos de dragagem em solos tropicais: avaliação do risco ecológico de metais baseada em bioensaios com organismos aquáticos e edáficos
Authors: Cesar Ricardo , Colonese Juan , Bidone Edison , Castilhos Zuleica , Egler Silvia , Polivanov Helena
Published: September 2015

A ecotoxicidade associada à disposição continental de sedimentos de dragagem (oriundo da Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro) em latossolos e chernossolos foi estudada através de bioensaios agudos com o cladócero Daphnia similis e o oligoqueta Eisenia andrei; e de bioensaios crônicos com a alga doce Pseudokirchneriella subcaptata. Os teores de metais no dragado estavam acima dos preconizados pela legislação brasileira para disposição de materiais dragados. Os bioensaios empregados sugerem níveis maiores de toxicidade para as misturas de latossolo:dragado, em comparação aos tratamentos de chernossolo:dragado. No caso do chernossolo, a abundância de argilominerais 2:1, associada à alta fertilidade, parece ser capaz de reduzir a ecotoxicidade potencial. Em latossolo, mesmo as menores dosagens de aplicação de sedimento (3,33 e 6,66%) foram capazes de provocar efeitos adversos significativos aos microcrustáceos e às algas. Em misturas de chernossolo, efeitos significativos foram observados somente para doses de 6,58 e 13,16% para microcrustáceos e algas, respectivamente. Tais dados indicaram a ocorrência potencial de risco ecotoxicológico para as comunidades aquáticas vizinhas em cenários em que solos misturados com materiais dragados pudessem ser lixiviados e soluções tóxicas atingissem sistemas fluviais vizinhos. O ensaio agudo de papel de contato com E. andrei também acusou a ocorrência potencial de efeitos adversos sobre a fauna edáfica, a partir das doses de 13,12 e 19,74% em latossolo e chernossolo, respectivamente. O emprego do referido ensaio parece ser extremamente promissor no monitoramento da ecotoxicidade potencial de solos impactados pela disposição de resíduos sólidos e/ou contaminados por metais.
Precipitação química de estruvita: Recuperação de nutrientes em reator cônico de leito fluidizado utilizando magnésia industrial de baixo custo
Authors: Castro Samuel Rodrigues , Crutchik Dafne , Garrido Juan Manuel , Lange Liséte Celina
Published: September 2015

O processo físico-químico da precipitação de estruvita é uma técnica que apresenta elevado potencial na remoção de nutrientes, a partir de diferentes tipologias de efluentes. O presente estudo teve por objetivo a avaliação de um composto industrial com elevado teor de magnésia e baixo custo como fonte reagente alternativa de magnésio e alcalinidade necessários ao processo de precipitação, tornando-o economicamente viável com a redução de gastos despendidos com químicos. Suspensões de Mg(OH)2 foram obtidas e tiveram desempenho avaliado em função da remoção de nutrientes, a partir de um efluente sintético rico em N-NH4+ e P-PO43-, e qualidade dos cristais gerados, com a identificação do mineral de interesse - estruvita. O experimento foi realizado em escala laboratorial utilizando reator cônico de leito fluidizado operado em semi-contínuo. O adequado controle operacional do pH (8,0-8,5) pela adição automatizada da suspensão de Mg(OH)2 possibilitou uma considerável remoção de P-PO43-, que atingiu valor médio igual a 93,5%. Os sólidos recuperados no processo apresentaram pureza de, aproximadamente, 84% de estruvita.
Impact of educational lectures on female adolescents’ knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer in the city of Jundiaí, SP
Authors: Borges João Bosco Ramos , Belintani Marcus Vinícus Gonçalves , Miranda Patrícia Frodl , Camargo Ana Carolina Marchesini de , Guarisi Renata , Maia Edna Marina Cappi , Gollop Thomaz Rafael
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of adolescents living in Vila Ana and Morada das Vinhas region, in the city of Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on prevention and diagnosis of the main sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and on cervical cancer, as well as the immediate impact of educational lectures. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed to assess the knowledge of a particular group of female adolescents about STDs and cervical cancer, by means of a questionnaire applied before and after educational lectures. Results: After the lecture, there was an increased number of correct answers about sexual education, knowledge about HPV (44%), and prevention of cervical cancer (22%). Conclusion: The adolescents in our study had little knowledge about STDs and cervical cancer, but educative lectures could change this reality at a low cost to Public Health services.
Efficacy and toxicity of mitoxantrone and oral etoposide in the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer: pilot study
Authors: Kaliks Rafael , Guerra Camila , Giglio Auro Del
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the association of mitoxantrone and oral etoposide. Methods: Twelve consecutive patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer were treated with mitoxantrone and oral etoposide. Toxicity, response rate and response duration were assessed. Results: Partial response was observed in two patients (response duration of seven and four months) and one patient had stable disease (during four months). Mitoxantrone and oral Etoposide were well tolerated and did not affect tolerability to subsequent chemotherapy. Conclusion: Mitoxantrone and oral etoposide association is an active and well-tolerated regimen in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Morbidity in neonates according to the mode of delivery: a comparative study
Authors: Breim Maria Cecilia Santa Cruz , Segre Conceição Aparecida de Mattos , Lippi Umberto Gazi
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of the modes of delivery on the health of newborns in a private maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo. Methods: Between January 1995 and December 1998, all patients consecutively admitted for deliveries were included in this cross-sectional retrospective study. A total of 8,457 medical records were analyzed, being excluded of the sample 460 multiple pregnancies and 517 pregnant women with obstetric and/or clinical disorders. The incidence of neonatal birth injury, respiratory distress and anoxia was analyzed, as well as birth weight, type of delivery and gestational age (according to Näegele and Capurro). Results: The final sample consisted of 7,480 neonates, and 69.6% were born by cesarean section, 24% vaginally and 6.4% through the vagina with the aid of forceps. A significant association was found between anoxia and the three types of delivery (p < 0.001). Respiratory distress was more frequent in cesarean delivery in newborns with gestational age superior to 37 weeks and in newborns weighing more than or equal to 2,500 g. Respiratory distress was significantly associated with cesarean delivery and/or forceps delivery, as compared with vaginal delivery, in the entire sample. Neonatal birth injury was associated with the use of forceps. In neonates born by cesarean section, anoxia was associated with lower gestational age estimated by the Capurro method and with lower weight. Conclusions: The abdominal approach is associated with greater morbidity of fetuses due to respiratory distress. Vaginal delivery is safer in newborns with more than 37 weeks of gestation and in those weighing more than 2,500 g.
A new experimental model for inducing interstitial cystitis by oxidative stress using intravesical instillation of a nitric oxide donor gel
Authors: Palma Thais Figueiredo , Alvarenga Márcia Lanzoni de , Seabra Amedea Barozzi , Oliveira Marcelo Ganzarolli de , Riccetto Cássio Luis Zanettini
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an experimental model of inducing interstitial cystitis through intravesical instillation of a polymeric solution containing the NO donor S-nitrousglutathione (GSNO) and to compare it to the experimental interstitial cystitis induced by vesical instillation of protamine and potassium chloride. Methods: A total of 40 female Wistar rats were used and divided into four groups: 1 – ten rats treated with saline solution + GSNO; 2 – ten rats treated with saline solution + polymeric solution (without GNSO); 3 – ten rats treated with protamine sulphate + KCl; 4 – ten rats treated with protamine sulphate + GSNO. The rats received one application (five animals in each group) or three applications (five animals in each group) of the corresponding substance through intravesical instillation, and after six days (five animals in each group) or nine days (five animals in each group) they were euthanized and their bladders were removed for macroscopic evaluation and histological study. Results: In the macroscopic evaluation edema and hyperemia of the mucosa were observed in 2 (22%) animals in Group 1, in no (0%) animal in Group 2, in 10 (100%) animals in Group 3, and in 5 (50%) animals in Group 4. In the protamine + KCl group and in saline + GSNO, similar effects were observed in the bladder wall. The animals in Group 2 (saline + polymeric solution) showed significantly less vascular congestion compared to the other groups after 9 days of the instillation (p = 0.0035). Significant fibrosis was observed in Groups 3 and 4, 6 days (p = 0.3781) and 9 days (p = 0.0459) after instillations, when compared to controls (Group 2). All groups presented neutrophilic infiltrate of variable intensity, 6 days after instillations (p = 0.7277). After 9 days, there was a regression of the infiltrate, with no evidence of accentuated neutrophilic reaction in all the groups (p = 0.2301). Conclusions: The inflammatory response to bladder instillation with an aqueous solution of S-nitrousglutathione was very similar to that induced by bladder instillation of protamine and KCl. Instillation of an aqueous solution of S-nitrousglutathione can be considered a new model for experimental induction of interstitial cystitis.
Biomarkers in Parkinson Disease: global gene expression analysis in peripheral blood from patients with and without mutations in PARK2 and PARK8
Authors: Aguiar Patricia Maria de Carvalho , Severino Patricia
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the performance of gene expression analysis in the peripheral blood of Parkinson disease patients with different genetic profiles using microarray as a tool to identify possible diseases related biomarkers which could contribute to the elucidation of the pathological process, as well as be useful in diagnosis. Methods: Global gene expression analysis by means of DNA microarrays was performed in peripheral blood of Parkinson disease patients with previously identified mutations in PARK2 or PARK8 genes, Parkinson disease patients without known mutations in these genes and normal controls. Each group consisted of five individuals. Results: Global gene expression profiles were heterogeneous among patients and controls, and it was not possible to detect a consistent pattern between groups. However, analyzing genes with differential expression of p < 0.005 and fold change ≥ 1.2, we were able to identify a small group of well-annotated genes. Conclusions: Despite the small sample size, the identification of differentially expressed genes suggests that the microarray technique may be useful in identifying potential biomarkers in the peripheral blood of Parkinson disease patients or in people at risk of developing the disease. This will be important once neuroprotective therapies become available, and may contribute to the identification of new pathways involved in the disease physiopathology. Results presented here should be further validated in larger groups of patients.
Two-dimensional analysis of gait asymmetry in spastic hemiplegia
Authors: Zonta Marise Bueno , Ramalho Júnior Amancio , Camargo Regina Maria Ribeiro , Dias Fabiano Hessel , Santos Lúcia Helena Coutinho dos
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: Simple measures of gait for routine clinical use could be useful when the complex gait analysis systems are not available. The aim of this study was to quantify asymmetry in children with spastic hemiplegia using a two-dimensional gait analysis by videography and to relate the asymmetry to motor function. Methods: Twenty-four children with spastic hemiplegia (19 males, 5 females; mean age 49 months [SD 5 months], range from 39 to 60 months) were assessed with a two-dimensional gait analysis by videography and the analyzed parameters were compared with normal values and with clinical and functional data. Results: There were significant differences in swing time (p = 0.002), stance time (p = 0.01) and stance/swing time ratio (p < 0.001). The comparison with the normal values described by Sutherland also demonstrated gait asymmetry. There was no direct relationship between the motor function and asymmetry but a score analysis for specific Gross Motor Function Measure items could quantify it in terms of age of gait acquisition. Children with more adequate muscle tone presented longer stance time in the involved limb than those with more spasticity (p = 0.03). Conclusions: These results suggest that the best performance is associated with the smallest asymmetry in this sample. Although two-dimensional gait analysis does not provide as much data as three dimensional gait analyses, we believe it can contribute significantly to the gait assessment of children with cerebral palsy.
Benign bone tumors subperiosteal on the talar neck resected anthroscopically: case reports
Authors: Prado Marcelo Pires , Mendes Alberto Abussamara Moreira , Amodio Daniel Tassetto
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Two cases of benign chondral tumors of the talar neck region (an osteoid osteoma and a chondroblastoma) were described. Because of their specific, unusual site they could be resected by arthroscopy. The imaging aspects, incidence in foot bones and possibilities of treatment were discussed, and a literature review is presented.
A well site reclamation prioritisation model framework
Authors: Thiessen Ron J. , Achari Gopal
Published: September 2015

There are approximately 60 000 oil and gas well sites in Alberta that are abandoned but not reclaimed. This number is growing at approximately 10% per year. Currently, there is no regulatory requirement to reclaim well sites within a defined period after abandonment. The government regulator is reviewing this issue and is considering options to improve timely reclamation. In preparation for this change, the article provides the structure of a model to prioritise oil and gas well site reclamation across a portfolio of sites according to negative environmental, social and economic impacts. Adverse environmental receptor effects, adverse public response, environmental liability and property value diminution are used to quantify these impacts. Ordinal logistic regression and partial order methods to classify and rank well sites are applied in the model. A case study illustrates the prioritisation model.
College students’ knowledge and attitude towards new regulation on smoking ban in public places in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Sushma , Maharjan Sabina , Subedi Raj Kumar , Maharjan Juna
Published: September 2015

Background: Nepal as a signatory to Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2003 has passed a new tobacco control bill entitled “Tobacco product control and regulatory bill, 2010” in 2011. On this background, it is imperative to assess the knowledge and attitude of people towards this new regulation that forbids smoking in public places.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 students of higher secondary level in three randomly selected colleges of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Information on respondents’ awareness on current ban, source of information, implementation status and their attitude towards the new regulation were collected using self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of quantitative data was done using descriptive statistics whereas qualitative data were analyzed manually.Results: Majority of respondents (79.9%) said that there is ban on smoking in public places in Nepal. The most common source of information was television (72.3%), followed by friends (36.5%) and family members (33.9 %). Most of the respondents (67.4%) had frequently seen people smoking in public places and 48.8% had not seen or heard any penalty given to those people. Overall, 74.1% of the participants stated that the ban on smoking in public places was a ‘very good thing’. Majority of those who viewed that the ban was good, reasoned ‘it will protect people from diseases like cancer’. Those who viewed that the ban was not good, reasoned ‘people cannot be changed by compelling’ and ‘to smoke or not to smoke is people’s own will’.Conclusion: This study shows that majority of adolescents are aware of and have positive attitude towards new regulation on smoking ban in public places in Nepal. There is need of implementing the policy strictly by raising awareness among people and penalizing those who violate it.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Management of Urolithiasis
Authors: Hamal Bhairab Kumar , Bhandari Bharat Bahadur , Thapa Narayan
Published: September 2015

Introductions: Since 1980, when Chaussy in West Germany first demonstrated the efficacy of Dornier prototype lithotripsy HM1, extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy has become a convenient, noninvasive, outpatient procedure used to fragment urinary stones. It is a standard internationally accepted first line preferred option for the management of renal stone less than 2.5 cm size. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the department of surgery of Shree Birendra Hospital on outpatient department basis during the period of March 2002 to February 2012. All consecutive patients presenting with renal and upper ureteric stones detected either on X-ray or ultrasound of the Kidney- Ureter-Bladder who were treated with extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Descriptive analysis included age, sex, stone location, need of total session, use of double J stent and complications. Results: Total 710 diagnosed cases of urolithiasis were taken for the study. The youngest age was 16 years and oldest 69 years of age. Overall stone clearance rate was 73.52%. The stone free rate for upper, middle, and lower calyx were 85.94%, 90.20% and 50.52% respectively. Conclusions: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was successful in the management of the stones smaller than 2.5 cm in all caliceal locations and minimal morbidity.Plain Language Summary ESWL with new generation Lithotripter was safe and effective in adult out patients with urolithiasis less than 2.5 cm in functioning kidney without distal obstruction or urine infection. Stone clearance was 70%. DJ stenting was done in stone larger than 2 cm. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13007 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):4-7
Outbreak of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Klebsiella Species Causing Neonatal Sepsis at Patan Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Amatya Puja , Joshi Suchita , Shrestha Shrijana
Published: September 2015

Introductions: Klebsiella sepsis is the most important nosocomial infection in neonates. The objectives of this study were to review an outbreak in a neonatal unit caused by Klebsiella species, to identify the source of the infections, and to identify infection control measures for eradication and prevention of these infections. Methods: The case notes and investigation reports of all sepsis cases admitted in neonatal units of Patan hospital from July to December 2011 caused by Klebsiella species were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic profile, risk factors along with clinical features and management of sepsis were reviewed. Results: Twenty three out of 37 neonatal blood cultures grew Klebsiella species. Thirty one were K. pneumoniae and six K. oxytoca. Seventeen of the 31 (55%) K. pneumoniae isolates were multidrug resistant and extended spectrum beta lactamase producers. Eighteen of 23 (78%) neonates with Klebsiella sepsis died. After extensive cleaning methods and identifying an intermittently leaking roof in one of the nurseries below a vescicovaginal fistula room of gynecological ward above, the infection outbreak was finally controlled. Conclusions: Infections with extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Klebsiella spp. are a threat in neonatal units because of limited treatment options for these multidrug resistant organisms. Identification of the source and control of the outbreak can be a challenge. Plain Language Summary: The study was done to review an outbreak caused by Klebsiella species, to identify the source of the infections along with infection control measures for eradication and prevention of these infections in neonate unit. Identification of the source and eradication of the outbreak of Klebsiella species can be a challenge. Hand washing remains one of the most important methods to prevent cross infections and nosocomial infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13011 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):20-25
Students’ Perception and Preference of Problem Based Learning During Introductory Course of a Nepalese Medical School
Authors: Ghimire Satish Raj , Bhandary Shital
Published: September 2015

Introductions: Problem based learning is considered superior to the conventional didactic teaching for contextual learning, long term retention of knowledge, development of generic skill and attitudes. This study looked in to the students’ perception and preference of problem bases learning in a sixmonth introductory course in the beginning of undergraduate medical school program. Methods: A 20-item questionnaire with four-point rating scale (1-strongly disagree, 2-Disagree, 3-Agree and 4-Strongly agree) was administered to collect first year medical students’ perception on problem based learning during first six month introductory course (June 2010 to November 2010) of first batch of medical students. The questionnaire included 13-items for perception and seven for preferences. It also had an open-ended comment section. Results: Students showed positive reaction problem based learning irrespective of gender or educational background in providing contextual learning and retention of knowledge. Students agreed that it fostered generic skills (communication, group work, critical thinking, reasoning, reflectiveness and self-directed learning). Students wished for more such sessions in more subjects with short content assessment at the end of the sessions. Conclusions: Problem based learning is fun, provides contextual learning and imparts long term retention of knowledge through students’ active participation in a small group. It also promotes generic skills and self-directed life-long learning. Plain Language Summary: The study was conducted to see the effectiveness of problem based learning (PBL) in a six-month long ‘Introductory Course’ of undergraduate medical sciences program. The study found that PBL made topics interesting and created a fun-filled learning environment. It found PBL to be effective in fulfilling learning objectives and making the contents relevant. It also showed PBL to be effective in promoting a set of generic skills and attitudes. Thus, the curricular contents presented in context through PBL can impart meaningful knowledge and a set of generic skills that are important to develop of a habit of self-directed, life-long learning. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13023 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):64-68
Treatment of Gingival Hyperpigmentation by Diode Laser for Esthetical Purposes
Authors: El Shenawy Hanaa M. , Nasry Sherine A. , Zaky Ahmed A. , Quriba Mohamed A.
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: Gingival hyperpigmentation is a common esthetical concern in patients with gummy smile or excessive gingival display. Laser ablation has been recognized recently as the most effective, pleasant and reliable technique. It has the advantage of easy handling, short treatment time, hemostasis, decontamination, and sterilization effect.AIM: In the present study we wanted to explore the efficacy of a 980 nm wavelength diode laser in gingival depigmentation clinically by using both VAS and digital imaging method as means of assessment.METHODS: Diode laser ablation was done for 15 patients who requested cosmetic therapy for melanin pigmented gums. The laser beam delivered by fiberoptic with a diameter of 320 Âµm, the diode laser system has 980 nm wave lengths and 3 W irradiation powers, in a continuous contact mode in all cases, the entire surface of each pigmented maxillary and mandibular gingiva that required treatment was irradiated in a single session. Clinical examination and digital image analysis were done and the patients were followed up for 3 successive months.RESULTS: There was a statistically significant change in prevalence of bleeding after treatment, as none of the cases showed any signs of bleeding 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after ablation. No statistically significant change was observed in the prevalence of swelling after treatment The VAS evaluation demonstrated that only 4 patients complained of mild pain immediately after the procedure. No pain was perceived from the patients in the rest of the follow up period. There was no statistically significant change in prevalence of pain immediately after treatment compared to pain during treatment. There was a decrease in cases with mild pain after 1 week, 1 month as well as 3 months compared to pain during treatment and immediately after treatment.CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the use of diode laser was shown to be a safe and effective treatment modality that provides optimal aesthetics with minimal discomfort in patients with gingival hyperpigmentation.
A Comparative Evaluation of Low-Level Laser and Topical Steroid Therapies for the Treatment of Erosive-Atrophic Lichen Planus
Authors: Elshenawy Hanaa M. , Eldin Amany M.
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes bilateral white striations, papules, or plaques on the buccal mucosa, tongue, and gingivae. Erythema, erosions, and blisters may or may not be present. Several empirical therapies have been used in the treatment of (OLP).OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) versus topical steroids for the treatment of erosive-atrophic lichen planus. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with erosive-atrophic (OLP) were categorized into two groups. In the first group patients were treated with 970nm diode laser irradiation, while, in the second group patients used topical corticosteroids (0.1% triamcinolone acetonide orabase). The gender, medical history and pain score were recorded. The pain score was measured before and after treatment by visual analogue scale (VAS).RESULTS: Steroid-treated group (0.1% triamcinolone acetonide orabase) show reduced pain score than laser group.CONCLUSION: Topical steroids are more effective than LLLT. LLLT may be used as an alternative treatment for symptomatic OLP when steroids are contraindicated.
Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Ocimum basilicum L. Essential Oil
Authors: Abou El-Soud Neveen Helmy , Deabes Mohamed , Abou El-Kassem Lamia , Khalil Mona
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: The leaves of Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) are used in traditional cuisine as spices; its essential oil has found a wide application in perfumery, dental products as well as antifungal agents.AIM: To assess the chemical composition as well as the in vitro antifungal activity of O. basilicum L. essential oil against Aspergillus flavus fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 production.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The essential oil of O. basilicum was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed using gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The essential oil was tested for its effects on Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) mycelial growth and aflatoxin B1 production in Yeast Extract Sucrose (YES) growth media. Aflatoxin B1 production was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).RESULTS: Nineteen compounds, representing 96.7% of the total oil were identified. The main components were as follows: linalool (48.4%), 1,8-cineol (12.2%), eugenol (6.6%), methyl cinnamate (6.2%), Î±-cubebene (5.7%), caryophyllene (2.5%), Î²-ocimene (2.1%) and Î±-farnesene (2.0%).The tested oil showed significant antifungal activity that was dependent on the used oil concentration. The complete inhibition of A. flavus growth was observed at 1000 ppm oil concentration, while marked inhibition of aflatoxin B1 production was observed at all oil concentrations tested (500, 750 and 1000 ppm).CONCLUSION: These results confirm the antifungal activities of O. basilicum L. oil and its potential use to cure mycotic infections and act as pharmaceutical preservative against A. flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 production.
Cystic Adventitial Disease in Former Athlete
Authors: Fatic Nikola , Nikolic Aleksandar , Maras Dejan , Bulatovic Nikola
Published: September 2015

In this paper we present a 39-year old former athlete complaining with pain in his legs during long walk resembling to intermittent claudication. Color duplex scan described a popliteal artery with 10 mm in diameter with mural thrombus that caused stenosis 75% of lumen. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a stenosis of right popliteal artery. The suspicion for Cystic adventitial disease was set. The patient was operated on by posterior direct approach. After incision, a yellowish viscous material was observed in adventitia. Partial resection of the affected popliteal artery and replacement by an autogenous great saphenous vein graft was performed. Patient was dismissed on the seventh postoperative day, in good condition and without any complication.Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intermittent claudication, especially in former sportsmen patients. Partial resection of the affected popliteal artery and replacement by an autogenous great saphenous vain graft produces excellent results.
Disturbance of Antioxidant Enzymes and Purine Metabolism in the Ejaculate of Men Living in Disadvantaged Areas of Kyzylorda Region
Authors: Kislitskaya Valentihna N. , Kenzhin Zhandos D. , Kultanov Berikbay Zh. , Dosmagambetova Raushan S. , Turmuhambetova Anar A.
Published: September 2015

AIM: Objective of the study was to evaluate the state of the main indicators of antioxidant status and enzymes of purine metabolism in the germ cells of men living in the zone of ecological catastrophe Aral Sea region.METHODS: The criterion for inclusion is the stay of an adult in the Aral Sea area is not less than 5 years, employment in occupations with no more than 2 hazard class. Determination of the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) was conducted in semen by the method of Nemechek et al., 1993. Determination of the activity of catalase (CAT) was performed according by the method of Korolyuk et al., 1988.RESULTS: Results of the study indicate a change in the activity of catalase and adenosine deaminase, due to increased levels of oxidative stress and the development of the pathological process.CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of study, it was put the influenceÂ  of negative factors of the Aral Sea region in menâ€™s sperm of reproductiveÂ  age gives to disability free-radical processes, that proves changing of ferments of ant oxidative protection Catalase and adenosine deaminase (ADA).Â  This disturbance in menâ€™s sperm of reproductive age leading to increased level of oxidative stress and impaired activity ofÂ  antioxidant enzymes and purine metabolism, responsible for the abnormal transmembrane and intracellular processes, reflecting the degree of imbalance of enzymes.