bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Astrocyte regulation of neuron structure and function mediated by Sonic hedgehog signaling
Authors:   , Hill Steven A. , Garcia Anna Denise R.
Published: October 2021

Astrocytes are important mediators of brain function and are required for diverse processes such as synapse formation, regulation of the ionic environment, and response to injury. Emerging evidence suggests astrocytes are diverse and demonstrate different functions based on the surrounding environment. In the cortex, a subset of astrocytes participates in neuron-astrocyte communication via Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, where a subset of neurons in Layer 5 express and release the ligand Sonic hedgehog and a subset of astrocytes express the Shh-dependent transcription factor, Gli1. In this dissertation, I probe the importance of this neuron-astrocyte communication to determine unique astrocyte-mediated functions in this distinct subpopulation. In Chapter 1, I consider the implications of astrocytic Shh signaling by discussing past research into its role in astrocyte function and highlight a few open questions to consider in the future. In Chapter 2, I utilized a knockout of astrocytic Shh signaling (Gfap Smo CKO) to identify its unique role in synapse organization, plasticity, and function on nearby L5 neurons and astrocyte-mediated K⁺ regulation via expression of Kir4.1. In Chapter 3, I analyzed gene expression in Gli1 astrocytes to determine the molecular implications of neuron-astrocyte Shh signaling and uncovered a unique enrichment of extracellular matrix genes in this subpopulation of astrocytes and a potential role in modulating perineuronal nets surrounding interneurons. Finally, in Chapter 4, I consider the implications of my work and propose future directions and a model for neuron-astrocyte Shh signaling in the brain. The results presented in this dissertation greatly expand our knowledge of astrocyte diversity by identifying novel astrocyte-mediated functions in a distinct molecularly defined subpopulation of astrocytes and provide new insight into neuron-astrocyte communication.
A cellular approach to understanding and treating Gulf War Illness
Authors:   , Yates Philip Langdon , Baas Peter W
Published: October 2021

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multisystem disorder with prominent cognitive impairments that affects approximately 30% of the nearly 700,000 U.S. veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. GWI is caused by low level exposure to organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents in combination with the physical stressors of the battlefield, thus implicating non-cholinergic, novel biological targets. To elucidate the mechanistic basis of the cognitive symptoms, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from GW veterans with and without GWI into forebrain glutamatergic neurons and forebrain cerebral organoids, and exposed them to a GW relevant toxicant regimen of cortisol (to mimic battlefield stress) and the sarin analog diisopropyl fluorophosphate. We observed numerous cellular changes, including elevations in the levels and pathological phosphorylation of tau, reductions in microtubule acetylation and neuronal activity, and alterations in mitochondrial health, dynamics, and transport. In addition, we observed increased astrocyte reactivity and impaired neurogenesis in the organoids. Many of the results suggest that veterans who acquired GWI might be predisposed to a heightened response to the toxicant regimen. Adult rats exposed to a similar toxicant regimen (with corticosterone instead of cortisol) displayed a mild learning and memory deficit, as well as tau pathology selectively in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Together, these results demonstrate that veteran-derived cell lines can be used as new model systems in coordination with rodent models to define the cellular responses that underlie the cognitive symptoms of GWI, and to screen for effective therapies for veterans with GWI.
The image of the fly in Polish, French and English phraseology. A comparative analysis
Authors: Sadowska-Dobrowolska Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

The article concerns the image of the fly in Polish, French, and English phraseology. Connections between language and culture are discussed, with comparative semantic analyses as an important element of intercultural dialogue. Such analyses also benefit translation studies and language teaching. It is considered what properties of the fly are important for a given linguistic community, how the insect is viewed axiologically, and what experience of the insect has been preserved in the language’s phraseology. In the analysis, parallel phraseological units in all three languages are identified, with an account of the connections motivated by the physical properties of flies, their behaviour and axiology in relation to humans. In each language, different features of the fly are preserved so that the overall images of the insect are different. The frequency of the units with the nominal ‘fly’ in these languages also varies.
Grammaticalization of modality in natural languages: The case of the noun tsumori in Japanese
Authors: Pietrow Jarosław Andrzej
Published: October 2021

Abstract The Japanese noun tsumori is used as the so-called formal noun and the head of syntactic nominalization. Its main meaning of ‘aim, intention’ is expressed through the basic sentence pattern of (suru) tsumori da. The modal meanings of this noun reveal close connections with the pragmatics of linguistic politeness and manifestation of attitudes in interpersonal communication. The article deals with the main sentential patterns and functions from the comparative perspective.
A heritage park or treasury? Material culture of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz preserved in their urban dialect: Etymological analysis
Authors: Dyszak Andrzej S.
Published: October 2021

The study concerns the names of clothing, home furnishings, everyday objects, tools, and means of transport contained in the lexicon of the Bydgoszcz city dialect. This lexical stock includes the names of the outer garment (e.g. buks ‘trousers’), recreational clothes (badeje ‘swimming trunks’), headgear (e.g. lujmycka ‘hooligan’s cap’), footwear (e.g. kropusy ‘men’s shoes with high uppers’). Another area is the apartment; for example, the names of kitchen equipment have German origin (e.g. ausgust ‘kitchen sink’, kastrolka ‘saucepan’). This also concerns the names of three stools differing in height: the lowest one is called ryczka, a taller one is szemel, and the tallest is hoker. Texts in the Bydgoszcz city dialect also contain the names of artefacts necessary to perform everyday activities, such as cleaning (e.g. szruber ‘rice brush’) or laundry (e.g. balia ‘large wooden bath tub’). A separate place in the material culture of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz is occupied by technological vocabulary, such as the names of tools (żaga ‘saw’) and transport (e.g. rolwaga ‘horse-drawn cart for transportation of goods’). Most of the names are Germanisms. A smaller number come from rural or folk dialects (e.g. modre ‘bleaching agent’, rydelek ‘visor of a cap’, szlory ‘old, trodden footwear’, trygiel ‘cast iron pot’). It is concluded that the city dialect is not only a museum or heritage park but also a treasury of old words.
A Tale of Two Americas: The American Dream in Cobra Kai
Authors: Ben Mna Ilias
Published: October 2021

Which different conceptions of the so-called “American Dream” are still alive or gaining ground in the increasingly polarized social climate of the United States during the Trump era? I intend to shed light on this question by analyzing the different types of success ethics presented in the highly popular Netflix series Cobra Kai (2018 - present). This will include an investigation into notions of merit and masculinity and how they are intertwined in the principal conflict between the two main characters: the blue-collar Johnny Lawrence and the affluent Daniel LaRusso – both of whom operate their own respective karate schools. I will embed this conflict within a theoretical framework undergirded by Michael Sandel’s observations on contemporary definitions of “meritocracy” and the associated “rhetoric of rising.” In addition, I will lean on George Lakoff’s linguistic concepts of the “strict vs nurturant parent,” and Lauren Berlant’s notion of “cruel optimism.” In doing so, I hope to illuminate the deep-seated workings of competing philosophies on what “it takes to get ahead” in today’s United States. One of my main findings is that Lawrence’s brand of hard-bodied, Reagan-era masculinity is mutually reinforced with LaRusso’s incremental and cosmopolitan approach, thereby perpetuating polarization and antagonism. The fact that both karate teachers are keen to impart their vision on a younger generation is also indicative of how this enmity represents a battle for the “soul of America.” Given ongoing trends toward increasing social, economic, and cultural divides within the U.S., it is of great importance to examine how these developments are negotiated in popular culture. Cobra Kai offers fertile ground for addressing this question.
A Few Comments on Disciplinary Differences in Academic Publishing
Authors: Kozáčiková Zuzana
Published: October 2021

The review explores essential reading for students and teachers - Disciplinary persuasion in changing times by Ken Hyland and Feng Jiang. This book provides a comprehensive review of the main diciplinary practices in academic discourse and shows how academic discourse has changed over the past 50 years.
Desamor Republicano
Authors: Betín del Rio Carlos José
Published: October 2021

Concentrado en mi trabajo un enero no muy lejano, para no decir que no me acuerdo, oí una voz que era difícil de no distinguir, de olvidar. Los ruidos de los pasos subiendo por una escalera bastante particular, de casa an­tigua, inclinada hasta el peligro y difícil de subir, la delataron. Tranquilos, ahí quedaba mi oficina. Ahí, la volví a ver después de… no, sin años. Era igual, la misma de cuando jugábamos a conocernos, solo con la voz, inexpertos, excitados, problemáticos y feli­ces siéndolo. Era aquella sensación y acción sentimental que sabías que te iba a traer cual­quier clase de inconvenientes, pero que no te importaba, por el contrario, te emociona­ba. Hablamos como si nada por fuera, como si todo por dentro, desde mi trabajo, desde su necesidad. Su sobrina con ella, como al principio de todo, testigo y cómplice de todo aquello y de todo después...
“Not the Time For Kumbaya”
Authors: Fulambarker Buehler Anjali , Rogerson Christine , Gushwa Melinda
Published: October 2021

This paper describes the use of race-based caucusing in a foundation-level MSW course focused on racism and other systems of oppression at a primarily White university in the Northeast. This technique was chosen based on the desire to allow space for students to examine and dismantle their internalized racialized socialization. This strategy was used in three sections of this course across two semesters, and this paper describes the findings of focus groups conducted with students at the end of each semester to understand their experiences with caucusing and their perceptions of the drawbacks and benefits of using this strategy in the classroom context. We discovered that student experiences of caucusing centered around the separate spaces that race-based caucusing created. Specifically, we learned from students that they had varied initial reactions to the idea of race-based caucusing as well as encountering challenges and seeing benefits to the strategy. As instructors, we provide our own experiences with caucusing and, based upon our analysis of the focus group data, conclude that this strategy yielded different results for BIPOC and White students and offer some suggestions to aid other instructors considering implementation.
Effects of Telehomecare Interventions on the Management and Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dehghan Hamidreza , Morshediam Maryam , Dehghani Arezoo , Mirzaei Masoud , Fatehi Farhad
Published: October 2021

Background: Diabetes is one of the most serious health challenges of the 21st century. The number of adults with diabetes has roughly tripled in the last 20 years. The increased burden of chronic diseases and scarce health resources compel healthcare systems to make modern patients more self-sufficient by requiring them to play a more active part in the treatment and management of their disease. Tele-home-care is a method of distance intervention through the transmission of electronic data for follow-up, education, prevention, clinical decision-making, and treatment modulation that has a high potential for the population with diabetes. Previous studies have not systematically evaluated the effects of different features of long-distance caregiving on diabetes at different stages of disease severity.
Objectives: The present study describes a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis for summarizing the evidence comparing telehomecare interventions on diabetes management and its complications.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane databases, HTA (Health Technology Assessment), NHS EED (NHS Economic Evaluation Database), DARE (Database of Abstract of  Reviews of Effects), Embase, and SID will be searched using medical subject heading (MeSH) keywords. Controlled clinical trials in patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes will be selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in studies will be checked using the JADAD score. The mean difference and its standard deviation will be calculated to be used as effect size. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool the results. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression will be conducted to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity.
Conclusion: The systematic review and meta-analysis provided by the results of a systematic review can be useful to endocrinologists, physicians, public health policymakers, and the general population.
A beginner's Guide to Sampling Methods in Medical Research
Authors: Basti Moslem , Madadizadeh Farzan
Published: October 2021

Background: Sampling methods are one of the main components of each research. Familiarity with a variety of sampling methods is essential for researchers.
Objective: The main purpose of this study was to teach different probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling methods to improve the knowledge of researchers in conducting more accurate research.
Methods: In this tutorial article, useful information about each sampling method, as well as how to properly use each method and its strengths and weaknesses are provided.
Results: Five cases of probabilistic sampling methods and four cases of non-probabilistic sampling methods that are common are mentioned. Probabilistic sampling included simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, systematic random sampling, and multi-stage random sampling. In addition to introducing each method, its strengths and weaknesses are also mentioned.
Conclusion: Probabilistic sampling methods despite limiting assumptions provide more reliable results. Therefore, if it is possible, researchers should use probabilistic sampling methods to increase the accuracy of the study.
Soybean Products Consumption in Chronic Kidney Disease: Cons and Pros
Authors: Amirinejad Ali , Yuzbashian Emad
Published: October 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Medical Science Students Regarding Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aramjoo Hamed , Abdollahi-Karizno Mahdi , Ghaffari Shokouh , Ebrahimzadeh Azadeh , Zare-Bidaki Majid
Published: October 2021

Background: Emerging infectious diseases are contagious illnesses made of a newfound lineage of a microorganism.
Objectives: This survey aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of health science students regarding emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 462 randomly selected students from several constituent colleges of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, including nursing, medicine, dentistry, and paramedical colleges (from October to March 2019) who had just passed their microbiology courses. A simple random sampling method was used to avoid bias that could influence the validity of the results. Moreover, participation was entirely voluntary. For data collection, a structured knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire was used, whose validity was checked by experts. In the end, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS V.19 using the independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: Totally, 462 medical science students (mean age = 20.27 ± 3.69 years) participated in this survey. According to the collected data, the mean scores for KAP were at a medium level, which was not ideal, and showed that there were several weaknesses in the curriculum. The mean knowledge scores for medicine, dentistry, laboratory science, and nursing students were 42.53 ± 15.78, 46.24 ± 20.99, 39.63 ± 15.35, and 40 ± 19.43, respectively. The mean attitude scores were 60.25 ± 6.13, 59.68 ± 5.86, 58.60 ± 5.06, and 57.77 ± 6.59, and the practice mean scores were 58.99 ± 25.11, 67.80 ± 25.72, 62.46 ± 24.48, and 62.29 ± 21.08, respectively.
Conclusions: According to the collected data, paying more attention to the microbiology courses is recommended in all medical and paramedical disciplines. Moreover, it is necessary to provide further education for the students to prepare them to take appropriate measures to prevent the spread of infection.
Nurses’ Perspectives About Reasons for Not Reporting Medical Errors in Educational Hospitals, Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Rahsepar Zahra , Faraji-Khiavi Farzad , Zahiri Mansour , Haghighizadeh Mohammadhosein
Published: October 2021

Background: Reporting of medical errors is an approach to identify and prevent errors in hospitals.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the barriers to error rError Reporting; Nurse; Hospital; Ahvazeport from the nurses’ viewpoints in Ahvaz Educational hospitals.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done on 206 nurses working in educational hospitals of Ahvaz selected by stratified random sampling. The measurement tool used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire, which its validity was confirmed by content validity, and its reliability using Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to be 0.84. Data collection was performed from April to June 2019.
Results: The causes of failure to error reporting included educational, attitudinal, process, structural, and managerial factors. The total mean score of the factors causing non-reporting of errors was 3.88 ± 0.53, which was between 3 and 4 (“important”). Also, educational, attitudinal, and process factors were reported as “very important” for nurses. Structural and managerial factors were rated reported “important” by nurses over 90% of nurses rated educational, attitudinal, and process factors as important and very important, and more than 70% of them rated structural and managerial factors as important and very important. Nurses with different levels of education or work experiences had different scores in reasons for not reporting errors.
Conclusions: Some educational, attitudinal, process, structural, and managerial factors were critical reasons for not reporting errors. In order to reduce same errors in the future and promoting health care quality, officials need to develop strategies to remove barriers and consider the reasons for not reporting errors in nurses’ educational programs using team-based and forward-looking approaches, adopting an impersonal and systematic approach, and finally, modifying error reporting rules.
Role of Hospital Digital Services in Improvement of Clinical Regime of Patients
Authors: Bout Nassim , Ouzayd Fatima , Retmi Kawtar
Published: October 2021

Context: Healthcare supply chain management is the regulation of the flow of medical goods and services from manufacturers to patients. Supply chain management encompasses the planning and managing of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Therefore, it greatly helps material managers to manage through continuous improvement efforts while maintaining the quality of care. Moreover, reinforcing healthcare logistics information technology (IT) architecture immediately leads to more patient satisfaction.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop an architecture for designing efficient software aiding with the management of the healthcare supply chain.
Methods: This study showed the role of digital services in the improvement of the clinical regime of patients by presenting different approaches with distinguishing the main types of hospital logistics, such as physical flow management, food safety, and cold chain management approaches (e.g., “moving forward”), and modeling these components using the solution architecture principles of ITs, such as Business Process Model and Notation.
Results: This study proposed a hospital enterprise architecture by modeling a system to have a base for building a digital catering service that improves the clinical regime of patients.
CAG repeat polymorphism in androgen receptor and infertility: A case-control study
Authors: Sharestani Shiva , Mehdi Kalantar Seyed , Ghasemi Nasrin , Farashahi Yazd Ehsan
Published: October 2021

Background: Androgens play a role in the development of male phenotype and spermatogenesis during puberty, the function of which is regulated by the androgen receptor (AR) gene. There is a polymorphism site in exon 1 of the gene encoding this receptor that can have different frequencies of CAG trinucleotide repeats and leads to the formation of polyglutamine chains of different lengths in the N-terminal domain of the AR protein and reduced sperm production by affecting spermatogenesis.
Objective: To investigate whether the cause of a group of unexplained infertilities could be the increased frequency of CAG repeats in the AR gene of patients with oligozoospermia and azoospermia.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 84 men including 42 with unexplained infertility As a case group and 42 fertile men as a control group were selected. The frequency of CAG repeats was determined by the polymerase chain reaction method and then the difference in the frequency of these repeats was determined based on the difference in band size on the agarose gel.
Results: The mean CAG repeat length in the azoospermia and oligozoospermia group was 17.5 ± 0.63 and in the fertile group it was 16.11 ± 0.75 (p = 0.46). In addition, most men (88.1% in the case group and 71.41% in the control group) had 13-23 repeats.
Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between CAG repeat length and the risk of male factor infertility in an ethnically defined population of Iranian men. The role of regulatory factors and epigenetic changes should be taken into account too.
Key words: Infertility, Azoospermia, Androgens, X chromosome, Spermatogenesis.
Clinical Pharmacists: Practitioners Who Are Essential Members to Enhance Pharmaceutical Care During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mohebbi Niayesh , Rezazadeh Amir
Published: October 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Drug Utilization Evaluation of Agents Administered for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Mohammad , Farashi Ebrahim , Hesam Amir Reza , Chavoshi Seyed Hadi , Ghaffary Saba
Published: October 2021

Background: Due to the critical role of antibiotics and increasing trend of resistance in developing countries, comprehensive methods of antibiotic use is necessary to limit the threat of resistant microorganisms. In this study we compare antibiotics consumption by Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 100 bed-days in Shahid Ghazi hospitals during three months in Tabriz, Iran.

Methods: This is a retrospective study, which enrolled patients with malignancy who admitted to Shahid Ghazi hospital from January till March 2016. From all, 58 patients diagnosed with malignancy and received antibiotics for prophylaxis and/or treatment. For the purpose of Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) all antibiotics, antifungals and antiviruses consumption for any reason (prophylaxis, empiric therapy, targeted therapy) were recorded. Data on administered medications such as indication, duration, and dose were compared according to the guidelines of the NCCN 2.2016. The accuracy of antibiotics consumption was assessing by NCCN (2.2016) guideline. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code J01 was explained as defined daily doses per 100 bed- days (DDD/100) according to the ATC/DDD classification. The amount of consumption was assessed with DDD per 100 bed-days in three months.

Results: from 56 patients, 46 of them had hematologic malignancy and 10 of them had solid tumors. The indication of antibiotics and antifungal prophylaxis were wrong in 19.6% of indications. The prophylaxis dosage of antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral and PCP were wrong in 8.8%, 41.7%, 80% and 50%, respectively. The prophylaxis duration of antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral and PCP were wrong in 69.4%, 61.2%, 80% and 100% respectively. The dose adjustment of antibiotics with GFR and renal status of patients, in 8 of 9 patients (88.88%) who received meropenem, and in 9 of 23 patients (39.13%) who received imipenem, were not applicable according standard guidelines. The total consumption of systemic antibiotics in Ghazi Hospital during 3 months was 5091 (Table 7). From all patients 75% of them received antibiotics according to the ATC/DDD classification System.

Conclusion: Specific strategies should be employed in infection control development and engage rational antibiotic utilization in order to reduce future resistant strains and increase anti-microbial efficacy.
A Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Pathological Disorders in Patients
Authors: Ali Ghorbat Saleh , Ozdemir Betul , Selamoglu Zeliha
Published: October 2021

Firstly, a new coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China, sparking a pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans. Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic after the infection spread globally and disease caused by the new type of coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was named as COVID-19. The virus originated from bats and has been passed to humans. Initially, SARS-CoV-19 infects respiratory system an acute serious viral infection mainly developed with over a million people worldwide were transmitted rapidly in a few months. SARS-CoV-19, progress a moderate to serious severe respiratory symptoms such as headache, cough, and breathlessness. Also, digestive system symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain.  Although the precise of the mechanism of inflammation unclear but this virus firstly use the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of the alveolar cells of lung tissue causing inflammation and cell death.  Then virus spreads and affects other important organ and tissues with complex pathophysiological alterations, the coronary disease, pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease are the most prevalent comorbidities among patients. In COVID-19 infection therapy lots agents recommended. Unfortunately, there is no clear effective drug for treatment. This review presented potential pathogenic pathway of the SARS-CoV-19 infection and symptoms in the patients and given the information about the negative effects on different systems in the respiratory, cardiac system, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, and urinary tract.
A Rare Case of Aluminum Phosphide Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Alizadeh Nafiseh , Borran Mina , Behnoosh Behnam , Dianatkhah Mehrnoush
Published: October 2021

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) has remained a chemical cause of completed suicides in some developing countries. ALP toxicity can cause multi-system damage. As far as we know, this is the first case of ALP-induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) and its successful management. A 34-year-old man, who had attempted suicide with ALP was admitted to our hospital. On the 3rd day of admission, the patient developed hematuria, hemolysis, and thrombocytopenia. Based upon available evidence, TTP was diagnosed. Following a complete patient evaluation, ALP was recognized as the probable cause of TTP. Following the treatment using prednisolone and therapeutic plasma exchange, the patient substantially improved. Finally, he was discharged on the 22nd day. Toxin-induced intravascular hemolysis should be considered for patients presenting with ALP toxicity. As reported in this patient, TTP is another manageable consequence of ALP poisoning.
Short and Long-term Survival Rates following Myocardial Infarction and its Predictive Factors: A Study Using National Registry Data
Authors: Mozaffarian Samaneh , Etemad Korosh , Aghaali Mohammad , Khodakarim Soheila , Sotoodeh Ghorbani Sahar , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed
Published: October 2021

Background: Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death worldwide as well as in Iran. The present study was designed to predict short and long-term survival rates after the first episode of myocardial infarction (MI).
Methods: The current research is a retrospective cohort study. The data were collected from the Myocardial Infarction Registry of Iran in a 12-month period leading to March 20, 2014. The variables analyzed included smoking status, past medical history of chronic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, signs and symptoms during an attack, post-MI complications during hospitalization, the occurrence of arrhythmias, the location of MI, and the place of residence. Survival rates and predictive factors were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method, the log-rank test, and the Cox model.
Results: Totally, 21 181 patients with the first MI were studied. There were 15 328 men (72.4%), and the mean age of the study population was 62.10±13.42 years. During a 1-year period following MI, 2479 patients (11.7%) died. Overall, the survival rates at 28 days, 6 months, and 1 year were estimated to be 0.95 (95% CI: 0.95 to 0.96), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.90 to 0.91), and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.88 to 0.89). After the confounding factors were controlled, history of chronic heart disease (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), and diabetes (p<0.001) had a significant relationship with an increased risk of death and history of hyperlipidemia (p<0.001) and inferior wall MI (p<0.001) had a significant relationship with a decreased risk of death.
Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence for health policy-makers and physicians on the link between MI and its predictive factors.
Consequências do trabalho que atravessam culturas: saúde e sofrimento do trabalhador universitário
Authors: Maffioletti Gabriella Suzana Lorenzzon , Teixeira Edival Sebastião
Published: October 2021

Buscamos identificar estudos internacionais que descrevem as causas do adoecimento mental em trabalhadores universitários, focando em características do trabalho que, independentemente da cultura, possam afetar a saúde mental dos trabalhadores. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, realizamos uma revisão de literatura. Foram feitas pesquisas em duas bases de dados principais: Scopus e Web of Science. A busca teve como objetivo compor uma amostra heterogênea contemplando estudos de vários países e continentes. Identificamos algumas características que tendem a influenciar no sofrimento e adoecimento mental dos trabalhadores em diferentes lugares do mundo, tais como falta de controle e intensificação do trabalho, assim como afetividade e participação na gestão parecem ter essa propriedade. Conclui-se que, considerando que algumas características do trabalho afetam o trabalhador independentemente da cultura em que esteja inserido, o desenvolvimento material por si só não consegue resolver essa questão, já que sendo assim, os países economicamente mais avançados já não sofreriam com as doenças mentais relacionadas ao trabalho. Assim, o desenvolvimento material pode melhorar as condições de trabalho somente quando é mediado pela ética, visando bem-estar social já que o desenvolvimento econômico não significa imediata repercussão positiva em termos de saúde mental para os trabalhadores.
Ocena parametrów przestrzeni porowej łupków menilitowych z odsłonięcia w Birczy
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Dudek Lidia , Ziemianin Konrad
Published: October 2021

Celem pracy było scharakteryzowanie przestrzeni porowej łupków menilitowych występujących w odsłonięciach powierzchniowych z rejonu Birczy w jednostce skolskiej. Wszystkie próbki zostały pobrane z całego profilu stratygraficznego w jednym odsłonięciu w Birczy o długości 1 m. Struktura porowa próbek łupków wygrzanych w 105°C była mierzona metodą porozymetrii rtęciowej (ang. mercury injection capillary pressure, MICP) w temperaturze otoczenia oraz metodą adsorpcji azotu w temperaturze wrzenia ciekłego azotu. Ze względu na deformację przestrzeni porowej pod wpływem wysokich ciśnień roboczych rtęci, z krokami ciśnienia od 0 do 4136,84 bara, mikropory i mezopory można błędnie interpretować. Jako metodę uzupełniającą zastosowano więc pomiar adsorpcji azotu w celu prawidłowego obliczenia całkowitej połączonej objętości porowej. Na wykresach dV/dD (pochodnych objętości względem średnicy) połączono wyniki z obu technik pomiarowych, uzyskując pełniejszy obraz rozkładu objętości porów. W pracy przedstawiono możliwość dokładniejszego obliczenia objętości porów na podstawie nowego podejścia do analizy wykresów pochodnych. Obie metody zapewniają również kompleksową ocenę parametrów struktury porów, w tym powierzchni właściwej (ang. specific surface area, SSA), objętości mikro- i mezoporów oraz rozszerzonego zakresu rozkładu wielkości porów (ang. pore size distribution, PSD). Porównując wyniki metody adsorpcyjnej z użyciem azotu z wynikami porozymetrii rtęciowej, należy pamiętać o różnicach w zakresach obu technik badawczych oraz o tym, że azot i rtęć rejestrują struktury porowe w znacząco odmienny sposób. Zatłaczanie rtęci do struktury porowej jest regulowane przez przewężenia porów, podczas gdy zjawisko adsorpcji jest kontrolowane przez powierzchnię porów. Zastosowanie porozymetrii rtęciowej i adsorpcji azotu do łupków menilitowych pokazuje, jak użycie tych dwóch metod może wpłynąć na uzyskanie wzajemnie uzupełniających się informacji, które weryfikują obliczenia objętości porowej głównej skały macierzystej dla karpackich rop naftowych.
The Governance of Covid-19 Pandemic Health Emergency in Italy: A Constitutional Perspective
Authors: Cossiri Angela
Published: October 2021

The essay focuses on the measures that have been taken in Italy to limit the contagion with Coronavirus in the first phase of the health emergency in 2020. The Italian Government was the first to face the epidemiological crisis in a constitutional democracy. The lockdown was one of the most drastic in Europe. On the one hand, fundamental freedoms of individuals have been compressed; on the other, the objective of limiting the expansion of the contagion in the early stage of pandemic expansion has been achieved, probably saving all European countries from an ungovernable health crisis before a minimal preparation. Even some critical aspects in the decision making process could be highlighted from a constitutional law perspective, the Author believes that the temporary measures, although drastic, not exceeded the limits allowed by the Italian Constitution, nor they seriously affected the balance between the powers at least in the first/second phase.

The majority of Parliament approved ex post the law-decrees adopted by the Council of Ministers, demonstrating that it share the Government’s political position. Furthermore, in a very short time, the Italian people, in their vast majority, spontaneously adapted to the imposed prohibitions, demonstrating a sense of responsibility and solidarity towards the most vulnerable categories with respect to the effects of the virus (elderly and sick people, for example).

The reasons of the economy, which would have required not to stop business activities, have been temporarily recessive with respect to the protection of the health of the community. This decision seems to find its ultimate foundation in the Article 2 of the Italian Constitution which requires everyone to respect the duty of social solidarity.
Examining Primary School Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Distance Education in the COVID-19 Period
Authors: Karalar Halit , Sidekli Sabri
Published: October 2021

Due to pandemic effects all over the world, the sudden switch to distance education has doubtlessly affected primary schools more adversely in education. Concerning the pandemic period, this study aimed to examine primary school teachers' attitudes on distance education. More specifically, the survey study with 173 primary school teachers’ participation examined whether teachers' attitudes towards distance education have a meaningful difference in terms of gender, age, and teaching experience. The data which was collected via the “Attitude Scale on Distance Education” were analyzed through independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between gender and primary school teachers' attitudes towards distance education; however, there is a statistically significant difference according to age and teaching experience. In addition, primary school teachers' attitudes towards distance education were negative. The possible reasons for these results were discussed and some implications were presented for research, practice, and policymakers.
Antalya İlinin Tularemi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: MIZRAKÇI Serpil , DİNDAR DEMİRAY Emine Kübra
Published: October 2021

Türkiye tularemi açısından endemik ülkeler arasında bulunmaktadır. Zoonotik bir hastalık olan tularemi, ülkemizde zaman zaman salgınlara ve sporadik vakalara neden olan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Sıklıkla bulaş yolu, enfekte/kontamine hayvan teması, kontamine suların tüketilmesi veya vektörler aracılıklı olabilir. Hastalık en sık boyunda lenfadenopati ile kendini göstermekte ve çoğu zaman yanlış tanı almaktadır. Hastalığın tanısında serolojik yöntemlerin gerekli olması nedeniyle akla gelmemesi durumunda hastalık tanısının konulmasında sorun oluşturmaktadır. Hastalığın ülkemizdeki bilinen en büyük salgını Antalya ilinde olmuştur. Mevsimsel değişiklikler ve artan göçler gibi birçok değişken hastalık epidemiyolojisinin değişmesine neden olmuştur. Biz de bu derleme çalışmasında, Antalya ilinin tulareminin açısından değerlendirmesini yapmayı amaçladık.
Sociabilidades e Direitos no Programa Morar Feliz de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ
Authors: Belchior Mesquita Wania Amélia , Da Paz Fontes Braullio , Junqueira Pessanha Giullia , Da Silva Rodrigues Maura Simone , Da Conceição Carvalhaes Justo Thayna , De Fátima Rocha de Freitas Rosana
Published: October 2021

O presente texto busca descrever as experiências dos bolsistas e profissionais envolvidos no Projeto de extensão “Sociabilidades e Direitos no Programa Morar Feliz de Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ”, da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro – UENF. As atividades desenvolvidas no Conjunto Residencial João Batista são voltadas ao público infantil. As atividades acontecem na área de uso comum do conjunto, promovendo a convivência das crianças e familiares no espaço. Além de descrever as atividades realizadas pelos bolsistas, o trabalho busca apresentar uma análise do perfil socioeconômico das crianças e familiares e as mudanças ocorridas no espaço de uso comum do conjunto.
A tecnologia como forma de emancipação em um projeto de extensão para adolescentes em conflito com a lei
Authors: Neto Luiza Fernandes , Da Silva Luciane Soares , Pinheiro Ana Carla de Oliveira , Pereira Lara dos Anjos , Silva Yuri Costa Moraes da , Paula Yann Almeida Belmont
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo expõe a experiência de desenvolvimento do projeto de extensão direcionado a adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducaticativa em meio aberto, a saber, Liberdade Assistida (LA) e Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade (PSC) no município de Campos dos Goytacazes. Problematizando as estratégias institucionais frequentemente adotadas para o processo de ressocialização, nossa proposta seguiu no sentido de propor a inclusão digital como alternativa de combate aos preconceitos e estigmatizações que perpassam a trajetória de adolescentes que entram em conflito com a lei. Por meio de uma abordagem propositiva, as ações do projeto se articularam às propostas da Fundação Municipal da Infância e Juventude, uma autarquia municipal, a fim de alcançar o público-alvo do projeto. Em sua primeira fase de desenvolvimento nossos esforços se concentraram em compreender e operar com as lógicas institucionais, e, consequentemente, acessar os adolescentes. Com continuidade prevista até 2021, o projeto entra numa nova etapa, visando dar curso ao plano de trabalho diretamente com os jovens.
Ketidaktepatan Kode Sebab Dasar Kematian menjadi Penyebab Kerugian 600 Juta Dana di Unit ICCU RSUD dr Moh Saleh Probolinggo
Authors: Sari Novita , Rokhmah Dewi , Ma’rufi Isa
Published: October 2021

The coding of the diagnosis is important for patient care, hospital management and research. However, coding accuracy is a major problem in the diagnosis process and has impact on hospital income levels. This study is about the inaccuracy of the underlying cause of death coding toward the level of hospital income. The Methods employed is the Analysis of the accuracy of the diagnosis according to the mortality coding rules compiled in the Instruction Coding Manual of the World Health Organization (WHO). Afterwards, the percentage of losses is calculated using the system of INAcbg’s, in the Diagnosis Based on Indonesian Case system. The result shows that, out of 176 files were studied, 114 files or 65% of the diagnosis codes of the cause of death were incorrect, 57 files or 32% were correct and 5 files or 3% of files were not coded. Further, the study found out that 65% of these inaccuracies contributed to hospital losses which includes 40-75 % loss with the total loss received by the hospital as much as IDR 597,849,006 or nearly 600 million rupiah. The research concludes that the absence of a diagnosis of death increases hospital losses by more than 40% to 75%. Keywords: Accuracy, Code of Basic Cause of Death, ICD 10
Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan COVID-19 di Era New Normal Pada Kampung Tangguh Desa Karangdoro, Terminal Jajag, dan RTH Maron Genteng, Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Winarso Sugeng , Kukuh Prastyantoko , Dhanny Prasetya , Elia Yuliani , Ogis Pratiwi , Rizqi Aprilia
Published: October 2021

Corona Virus or COVID-19 is a virus outbreak in the early 2020 attacking the society and was a terrifying experience for people around the world. Banyuwangi is a regency affected by Covid-19 with the data distribution including 1911 persons positively infected, 1463 persons recovered, and 159 mortality rates. Therefore, it is necessary to study the health protocol implementation in Banyuwangi to minimize the infections. The area of research includes Karangdoro village (resilient village), Jajag Bus station, and RTH Maron. Resilient village is supported by the head of the village to enable health protocol implementation to minimize Covid 19 and to empower its residence against the outbreak. Sanitation is not managed well in RTH Maron since water waste is not IPAL standardized. It indicates that health protocols in not well implemented in RTH Maron. Jajag Bus Station shows low awareness of people on health protocol implementation due to false information on COVID 19. Solution on health protocol in new normal era is obeying and implementing 3 steps including: Masque Wearing, distancing, and hand washing to improve body cleanliness to avoid viruses. Society at all level must be hand in hand to work together by strictly implementing Health Protocol. Keywords: New Normal, Covid19, Resilient Village Karangdoro, Terminal Jajag, RTH Maron.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Perilaku Penggunaan APD pada Buruh Tani Tembakau (Studi di PTPN X Kabupaten Jember)
Authors: Aprilya Nurina , Soesetijo F.X. Ady , Prayitno Hadi
Published: October 2021

The utilising of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is necessary in order to prevent both accident and workrelated illness among farmer, such as Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) within tobacco farmer. The aim of this study was to understand the role of knowledge and attitude toward the PPE usage behavior. This was observational analytics study with cross sectional design. The participant of this study was 175 farmers. In addition, statistical analysis was performed by logistic regression through SPSS. This study found that the significant level of knowledge and attitude toward PPE usage behavior is 0.030 and 0.000, respectively. It indicated that there is correlation between both knowledge and attitude toward PPE usage behavior among farmer. Keyword: Knowledge, Attitude, PPE utilising behavior
Kartezjusz — Lyotard — Dukaj. „Perfekcyjna niedoskonałość” jako propozycja oświecenia po uznaniu końca paradygmatu wielkich narracji
Authors: Ronge Gerard
Published: October 2021

The paper explores the philosophical statements emerging from the plot of Jacek Dukaj’s science-fiction novel Perfekcyjna niedoskonałość [The Perfect Imperfection]. The argument of the article states that the Polish novel proposes a complete philosophical model of possible ways of imagining the future which is unique, yet fully coherent with the Enlightenment paradigm.
After recapitulating the most important arguments of the mid-century’s discussion about the end of the grand narratives and brief recall of most canonical texts of the period of the Enlightenment, the author analyses ontological presuppositions hidden after the structure of the fictional world created by Dukaj. The novel appears to fully acknowledge the Cartesian dualistic model of the human being (which strongly separates its biological and mental roots) and sets plots in times when all biological limitations have been transgressed. Despite that, both optimistic scenarios of eighteenth-century utopians and catastrophic visions of twentieth-century sci-fi authors have never been fulfilled and the fictional world of the twenty-ninth century appears to be just the same as ours in its core, despite being totally different in terms of its phenomenological appearance.
Jaki kraj, taki Superman
Authors: Szyłak Jerzy
Published: October 2021

No hero similar to Superman could have appeared in communist Poland, as he represented the power of individualism and followed his own feelings of justice. Meanwhile, the communists expected one to act in a collectivity fully subordinate to the official government. This deficiency was compensated by superhero parodies. One should firstly enumerate the TV film Hydrozagadka, about a hero, who had no drawn equivalent, though he was a mockery of the comic book poetics and of the simplifications it conveys.
After the communist system fell, other superhero parodies appeared, such as Ratman, Strain, Milkyman and Wilq. Also, Likwidator by Ryszard Dąbrowski constituted irreverent and mischievous comment to political events in Poland. Only later did serious superhero stories essays appear: Bler by Rafał Szłapa, Biały Orzeł by Adam Kmiołek and Jan Hardy by Jakub Kijuc. These authors take their heroes very seriously but readers can find much irony in the stories.