bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Functional Regulation of Biomimetic Interfaces and Their Antifouling and Antibacterial Applications: A Review
Authors: Xu Youyin , Luan Xin , He Peng , Zhu Danzhu , Mu Rongqiu , Wang Yan , Wei Gang
Published: December 2023

Biomimetic synthesis provides potential guidance for the synthesis of bio‐nanomaterials by mimicking the structure, properties and functions of natural materials. Behavioral studies of biological surfaces with specific micro/nano structures are performed to explore the interactions of various molecules or organisms with biological surfaces. These explorations provide valuable inspiration for the development of biomimetic surfaces with similar effects. This work reviews some conventional preparation methods and functional modulation strategies for biomimetic interfaces. It aims to elucidate the important role of biomimetic interfaces with antifouling and low‐pollution properties that can replace non‐environmentally friendly coatings. Thus, biomimetic antifouling interfaces can be better applied in the field of marine antifouling and antimicrobial. In this review, the commonly used fabrication methods for biomimetic interfaces as well as some practical strategies for functional modulation is present in detail. These methods and strategies modify the physical structure and chemical properties of the biomimetic interfaces, thus improving the wettability, adsorption, drag reduction, etc. that they exhibit. In addition, practical applications are presented of various biomimetic interfaces for antifouling and look ahead to potential biomedical applications. By continuously discovering functional surfaces with biomimetic properties and studying their microstructure and macroscopic properties, more biomimetic interfaces will be developed.
Multifunctional Chiral d10‐Metal Coordination Polymers: Tunable Photoluminescence and Efficient Second‐Harmonic Generation with Circular Dichroic Response
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Cho Jeong Bin , Li Yang , Lee Kyeong‐Hyeon , Jang Joon Ik , Ok Kang Min
Published: December 2023

A series of homochiral coordination polymers (HCPs), [M2(SIAP)2(bpy)2] [M(S)] and [M2(RIAP)2(bpy)2] [M(R)] (M = Zn or Cd, SIAP or RIAP = (S,S)‐ or (R,R)‐ 2,2′‐(isophthaloylbis(azanediyl))di‐propionic acid, bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine), is successfully synthesized through solvothermal reactions, self‐assembling d10 metal cations, chiral dicarboxylic ligands, and π‐conjugated bipyridyl ligands. The HCPs crystallize in the extremely rare triclinic chiral space group, P1, and present 3D framework structures attributed to the strong intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking. Due to the unique crystal structures, the title compounds reveal efficient photoluminescence emission across a broad visible range, with significant brightness and color tuning by varying the excitation wavelength. Moreover, they exhibit efficient phase‐matched second‐harmonic generation (SHG) with very high laser‐induced damage thresholds, essential for high‐power nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. Intriguingly, the title compounds exhibit a measurable contrast in the SHG response under right‐ and left‐handed circularly polarized excitation, thereby providing a unique case of SHG circular dichroism from the chiral centers of SIAP2− or RIAP2− ligand packed in the noncentrosymmetric environment. These exceptional attributes position these HCPs as promising candidates for multifunctional materials, with potential applications ranging from NLO devices to tailored luminescent systems with polarization control.
Out‐of‐plane behavior of dry‐stack brick masonry walls
Authors: Erdil Barış , Kıpçak Fırat , Tapan Mücip
Published: December 2023

As a result of the combination of the complex behavior of masonry buildings with insufficient material quality and lack in engineering calculations, a large number of damages has been observed in the earthquakes that occurred in recent years. Therefore, a realistic understanding of the behavior of masonry walls and buildings is necessary to construct seismic‐resistant structures. Since masonry walls have many variables, performing experiments in which each variable is present at the same time will make it difficult to understand the behavior. For these reasons, considering the out‐of‐plane failures that are frequently mentioned in recent earthquakes, in this study, variables in dry‐stack brick masonry buildings such as the aspect ratio of the wall (2, 1.33, and 1), the presence of the transverse walls (2, 1, and 0), and the openings in the walls (door and/or window) were taken into account separately. Eighteen different wall configurations were designed, and a total of 48 dry‐stack walls having U‐shape, L‐shape, and I‐shape in plan were tested by a specially constructed tilting table setup to determine their out‐of‐plane behavior. From the test results, it was found that lateral load capacity of the U‐shaped walls without openings increased as the aspect ratio (L/H) decreased. No change in capacity was observed in L‐ and I‐shaped walls when the aspect ratio was reduced from 2 to 1. Door and/or window openings were found to affect only the L‐shaped walls. In addition, it was determined that failure patterns were affected from the aspect ratio and the presence of the openings.
Novel Auxiliary Resonant Pole Inverter and its Optimal Control Strategy
Authors: Liu Chuang , Wang Yanping , Li Qijun , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2023

Conventional inverters operate in hard‐switching mode, and as the switching frequency increases, the switching losses increase dramatically. Increasing the switching frequency helps reduce the size and cost of the inverter, but too high a switching frequency generates greater switching losses, which affects the inverter's transmission efficiency. In response to the problem that conventional hard‐switching inverters cannot be higher in frequency and have high switching losses and low transmission efficiency, an optimized auxiliary resonant commutated inverter and control strategy are proposed to make the inverter work in soft‐switching mode, which helps reduce the switching losses. The auxiliary converters in the bridge arm topology of each phase of the three‐phase inverter are divided into two groups, and the operating auxiliary converters are selected according to the direction of the load current. When the load current direction is positive, the upper bridge arm auxiliary device works and the lower bridge arm auxiliary device turns off, similarly when the load current direction is negative, the lower bridge arm auxiliary device works and the upper bridge arm auxiliary device turns off, this can ensure that only one group of devices works every half cycle, making the control strategy simple and reducing auxiliary circuit losses. Simulation and experimental verification of the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Developing Concepts About Print: A Social Justice Literacy Approach
Authors: Claravall Eric B. , Walthall Erica
Published: December 2023

It has been more than 50 years since Clay (1966) first introduced the concepts about print (CAP). Emergent readers, aged 4–5, must acquire an understanding of basic and hierarchical concepts of letters, words, and sentences; they must also learn basic knowledge about texts and books; they must develop an awareness of book orientation, directionality, and positions. CAP examines emergent readers' ability to recognize and understand the ways in which written language functions for the purpose of reading. However, we lovingly critique the elements of CAP (e.g., book orientation, directionality and print conventions) from the perspective of culturally sustaining pedagogies. Clay (1989) posited that “CAP as a test may be culturally inappropriate” (p. 71). We further argue that using this element marginalizes early young children of color who are learning ways of literacy practices that do not mirror the white monolingual middle‐class approach to learning foundational reading. In some cultures, readers turn pages left to right, read pages right to left, and decode logographic words. Does it matter if young children do not fully understand directionality and orientation at that age? What we think matters in the practice of CAP is the sense‐making process. Using social justice‐oriented texts, we offer a pedagogical framework that centers on the concepts of text and book. Using literature that features characters of color in non‐stereotype roles, we describe four principles for teaching CAP that advance social justice literacy: Relationship between written and oral language, print or pictures carry meaning, book orientation and directionality and conventions of print.
A separation‐of‐variable method for eigenbuckling analysis of closed and open circular cylindrical shells
Authors: Gao Jifeng , Chen Wujun , Zhang Xiaozhao , Li Kai , Yu Yong
Published: December 2023

The analytical solutions for buckling of closed and open cylindrical shells under different boundary conditions are challenging. A separation‐of‐variable method with closed‐form eigensolution under Donnell–Mushtari theory is proposed for eigenbuckling analysis in cylindrical shells. The modal function is adopted as the form W = eμαeλβ. It can be applied to the closed and open cylindrical shells with different boundary conditions, and the whole calculation process is explicit. The critical buckling capacities of short cylindrical shells are close under the simply supported or clamped boundary conditions. The predictions are in good agreement with those in literature and the finite element model.
Linking Urban Railways, People and Places: A Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis in the City of Catania
Authors: Accordino Filippo , Pappalardo Salvatore Eugenio , Codato Daniele , Peroni Francesca , De Marchi Massimo
Published: December 2023

The interconnection of urban contexts represents the baseline for the quality of life within them. An efficient urban mobility system ensures environmental, economic and social sustainability. It promotes inclusivity by fostering access to urban facilities and services. Moreover, it enables improvement to the organisation of urban space by allowing better allocation of city facilities. Urban railways connect the areas they cross by triggering relationships between these places, fostering the emergence of new centralities, urban regeneration practices and sustainable and inclusive mobility behaviour. This research proposes a model to study urban centrality through spatial data and multicriteria decision analysis. It shows a method to achieve a degree of centrality of station service areas according to different types of urban populations.
Nonrelativistic Dirac fermions on the torus
Authors: Aguilera-Damia Jeremías , Solís Mario , Torroba Gonzalo
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Two dimensional conformal field theories have been extensively studied in the past. When considered on the torus, they are strongly constrained by modular invariance. However, introducing relevant deformations or chemical potentials pushes these theories away from criticality, where many of their aspects are still poorly understood. In this note we make a step towards filling this gap, by analyzing the theory of a Dirac fermion on the torus, deformed by a mass term and a chemical potential for the particle number symmetry. The theory breaks conformal and Lorentz invariance, and we study its spectrum and partition function. We also focus on two limits that are interesting on their own right: a massless relativistic fermion with nonzero chemical potential (a simple model for CFTs at finite density), and nonrelativistic Schrodinger fermions (of relevance in condensed matter systems). Taking inspiration from recent developments in massive modular forms, we obtain a representation of the torus free energy based on Fourier-transforming over a twisted boundary condition. This dual representation fullfills many properties analogous to modular invariance in CFTs. In particular, we use this result to derive Cardy-like formulas for the high energy density of states of these theories.
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im und für das Alter stärken
Authors: Gellert Paul , Brandenburg Hermann , Franke Annette , Kessler Eva-Marie , Krupp Sonja , Pantel Johannes , Schramek Renate , Simm Andreas , Swoboda Walter , Wurm Susanne , Fuellen Georg
Published: December 2023

Hintergrund

Prävention von Erkrankungen und Gesundheitsförderung im und für das Alter haben an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dennoch bedarf es mehr (nationaler) Forschung und Umsetzung in der Praxis, wie der internationale Vergleich zeigt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Leitgedanken für Forschung und Praxis zu Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im und für das Alter entwickeln.

Material und Methoden

Im Rahmen eines iterativen Prozesses kamen Mitglieder der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gerontologie und Geriatrie in Workshops und Symposien zusammen, um wesentliche Leitgedanken und Handlungsfelder zu Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung zu formulieren.

Ergebnisse

Herausgearbeitet wurden: 1. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung sind bis ins hohe Alter sinnvoll und möglich, 2. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung für das Alter sollten früh beginnen, 3. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung müssen die Diversität und Heterogenität der Lebenslagen alter Menschen aufgreifen, 4. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung fördern und fordern Selbstbestimmung und Partizipation, 5. Prävention von Mehrfacherkrankungen gilt es, stärker in den Blick zu nehmen, 6. Prävention von Pflegebedürftigkeit und Prävention in der Pflege sind gleichrangig zu behandeln, 7. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung müssen lebensweltlich und sektorenübergreifend gedacht werden, dabei sind v. a. Aspekte der sozialen Ungleichheit und eine Ressourcenorientierung mitzubeachten, 8. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung und die Forschung dazu sind inter- und transdisziplinär und auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen anzulegen, von molekular bis gesellschaftlich.

Diskussion

Die Leitgedanken spannen Schwerpunkte einer zukunftsgerichteten Alterns‑, Gesundheits- und Versorgungsforschung auf und öffnen Handlungsfelder, aber auch Grenzen dieses Zugangs für politische Entscheidungstragende, Forschende und Praktiker:innen.
Artificial intelligence in the practice of forensic medicine: a scoping review
Authors: Tournois Laurent , Trousset Victor , Hatsch Didier , Delabarde Tania , Ludes Bertrand , Lefèvre Thomas
Published: December 2023

Forensic medicine is a thriving application field for artificial intelligence (AI). Indeed, AI applications intended to forensic pathologists or forensic physicians have emerged since the last decade. For example, AI models were developed to help estimate the biological age of migrants or human remains. However, the uses of AI applications by forensic pathologists or physicians and their levels of integration in medicolegal practices are not well described yet. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. This review included articles that mention any AI application used by forensic pathologists or physicians in practice or any AI model applied in one expertise field of the forensic pathologist or physician. Articles in other languages than English or French or dealing mainly with complementary analyses handled by experts who are not forensic pathologists or physicians or with AI to analyze data for research purposes in forensic medicine were excluded from this review. All the relevant information was retrieved in each article from a grid analysis derived and adapted from the TRIPOD checklist. This review included 35 articles and revealed that AI applications are developed in thanatology and in clinical forensic medicine. However, those applications seem to mainly remain in research and development stages. Indeed, the use of AI applications by forensic pathologists or physicians is not actual due to issues discussed in this article. Finally, the integration of AI in daily medicolegal practice involves not only forensic pathologists or physicians but also legal professionals.
Outcomes of metachronous para-aortic lymphadenectomy in colorectal cancer: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Onafowokan Oluwatobi O. , Redfern Jennifer , Patel Agastya , Satyadas Thomas , Baltatzis Minas
Published: December 2023

Introduction and aim

Para-aortic lymph node metastasis associated with colorectal cancer is a very rare occurrence, but at the same time an important predictor of survival. Despite its importance, there is still no gold standard management strategy, particularly for lymph nodes detected during follow-up, after resection of the primary tumour. Therefore, this review was undertaken to examine the evidence available on the surgical and non-surgical management of metachronous para-aortic lymph node metastasis (m-PALNM) in colorectal cancer treatment.

Methods

This is a systematic review using the patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and study strategy. The literature search was undertaken using Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed databases with the following MeSH terms: lymph node excision, para-aortic lymph node, metastasis, metachronous and colorectal neoplasms.

Results

Five original papers met the study criteria including 188 patients in total (55.3% male, 44.7% female). Surgical resection of the m-PALND was the management of choice in 64% of patients. Reporting styles on survival outcomes were heterogeneous. However, patients undergoing surgical management for m-PALNM had longer disease-free survival and overall survival rates.

Conclusion

There is significant paucity in the evidence available on the management of m-PALNM. However, the evidence reported by this review suggests that surgical management should be considered whenever possible, with the aim of prolonging survival. Future randomised trials are needed in order to provide further high-level evidence on m-PALNM management.
Relational correspondences for L-fuzzy rough approximations defined on De Morgan Heyting algebras
Authors: Järvinen Jouni , Kondo Michiro
Published: December 2023

We consider fuzzy rough sets defined on De Morgan Heyting algebras. We present a theorem that can be used to obtain several correspondence results between fuzzy rough sets and fuzzy relations defining them. We characterize fuzzy rough approximation operators corresponding to compositions of reflexive, transitive, mediate, Euclidean and adjoint fuzzy relations defined on De Morgan Heyting algebras using only a single axiom.
Development of inverse static model of continuum robots based on absolute nodal coordinates formulation for large deformation applications
Authors: Nada Ayman , El-Hussieny Haitham
Published: December 2023

Continuum robotics has emerged as a prominent trend within the robotics field for about two decades. Nevertheless, motion analysis of continuum robots based on dynamic modelling remains severely limited. In the realm of continuum robots, it is obvious that simplified theoretical models or first-order approximations utilizing springs and dampers are insufficient for capturing the dynamics of soft-bodied structures. This inadequacy is especially apparent in applications involving significant deformations in 3D space, continuous actuation, and interface effects. In this regard, the development of precise theoretical models is crucial. Within this particular framework, the paper presents the absolute nodal coordinates formulation (ANCF) to construct the kinematic models of continuum robots. The transformation between the structural, body, and element coordinate systems, as well as the derivation of the generalized external forces and moments using the principle of virtual work and the velocity gradient tensor, are demonstrated. Additionally, it proceeds to develop the strain measures required for the computation of the elastic forces of elements with circular cross sections, ultimately enabling the construction of the Forward Static Model (FSM) of continuum robots. A procedure based on B-spline surface geometry is proposed to figure out the robot shapes in space and generate the necessary nodal coordinates and gradients of ANCF elements. Finally, the inverse static model (ISM) of the ANCF-B-spline generated structure is presented using an iterative solution approach. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated by the analysis of numerical examples. According to the numerical results, it can be inferred that the ANCF method well captures the modelling aspects of continuum robots. The results obtained from the FSM demonstrate a high level of accuracy, moreover, the driving forces based on the ISM provide, from a practical standpoint, satisfactory results.
Faking Brownian motion with continuous Markov martingales
Authors: Beiglböck Mathias , Lowther George , Pammer Gudmund , Schachermayer Walter
Published: December 2023

Hamza and Klebaner (2007) [10] posed the problem of constructing martingales with one-dimensional Brownian marginals that differ from Brownian motion, so-called fake Brownian motions. Besides its theoretical appeal, this problem represents the quintessential version of the ubiquitous fitting problem in mathematical finance where the task is to construct martingales that satisfy marginal constraints imposed by market data.

Non-continuous solutions to this challenge were given by Madan and Yor (2002) [22], Hamza and Klebaner (2007) [10], Hobson (2016) [11] and Fan et al. (2015) [8], whereas continuous (but non-Markovian) fake Brownian motions were constructed by Oleszkiewicz (2008) [23], Albin (2008) [1], Baker et al. (2006) [4], Hobson (2013) [14], Jourdain and Zhou (2020) [16]. In contrast, it is known from Gyöngy (1986) [9], Dupire (1994) [7] and ultimately Lowther (2008) [17] and Lowther (2009) [20] that Brownian motion is the unique continuous strong Markov martingale with one-dimensional Brownian marginals.

We took this as a challenge to construct examples of a “barely fake” Brownian motion, that is, continuous Markov martingales with one-dimensional Brownian marginals that miss out only on the strong Markov property.
Reconnaissance archaeomagnetic study of ancient bricks from Northern Poland
Authors: Nawrocki Jerzy , Rosowiecka Olga , Wójcik Krystian , Werner Tomasz , Chadima Martin , Wasik Bogusz , Wiewióra Marcin
Published: December 2023

In total, 24 brick samples for archaeomagnetic studies were taken from ten historical buildings constructed between c.1280 AD and 1630 AD in northern Poland. Eight of them are from the gothic period. The Thellier–Thellier archaeointensity protocol was used in order to determine the ancient intensity and inclination registered by the bricks. In total, 28 representative specimens from 16 bricks gave successful archaeointensity determination with category B of results quality. For 25 of them the corrections for anisotropy of thermoremanent magnetization and cooling rate were introduced. A large number of specimens classified as category C (48%) is due to a high value of relative additivity check error d(AC) caused most probably by the presence of multi-domain magnetite. The curvature parameter k exceeds the limit value in 11 specimens. However, in the same sample specimens with k higher than 0.270 have provided very similar values of archaeointensity than those with k below this limit. Corrected data are convergent with the Central European master curve of archaeointensity. The corrections of raw data reduce their dispersion at specimen/sample level in most of sites.
Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia: Genetics and Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Authors: Xu Jiao-Jiao , Li Hong-Fu , Wu Zhi-Ying
Published: December 2023

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), the most common type of paroxysmal movement disorder, is characterized by sudden and brief attacks of choreoathetosis or dystonia triggered by sudden voluntary movements. PKD is mainly caused by mutations in the PRRT2 or TMEM151A gene. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of PKD remain unclear, although the function of PRRT2 protein has been well characterized in the last decade. Based on abnormal ion channels and disturbed synaptic transmission in the absence of PRRT2, PKD may be channelopathy or synaptopathy, or both. In addition, the cerebellum is regarded as the key pathogenic area. Spreading depolarization in the cerebellum is tightly associated with dyskinetic episodes. Whereas, in PKD, other than the cerebellum, the role of the cerebrum including the cortex and thalamus needs to be further investigated.
Structural and Optical Properties of Sol–Gel-Spin Coating Nanostructured Cadmium Zinc Nickel Phosphate (CZNP) Film and the Current Transport Properties of CZNP/p-Si-Based Diode
Authors: Hammad Ali B. Abou , Nahrawy Amany M. El , Mansour A. M.
Published: December 2023

In this work, the growth of CdZnNiPO (CZNP) thin films on glass and p-Si substrates using the sol–gel spin coating method was successfully achieved. The structure, and morphology of the CZNP films were analyzed using XRD and FE-SEM. The optical absorbance behavior, energy gap, refractive indices, optical dielectric, optical conductivity, and optical electronegativity of the films were studied using the UV–Vis optical spectroscopy technique. XRD analysis shows that zinc phosphate accommodates cadmium ions by replacing zinc ions in the unit cell, resulting in oxygen vacancies that maintain charge neutrality. Scanning electron microscope images reveal the presence of a highly interconnected and well-organized nano CZNP framework. The optical absorption studies of CZNP films were conducted in the wavelength range of 190–2500 nm. The results show both direct and indirect energy band gaps of 1.69 and 2.89 eV, respectively, were employed in the prepared system. The current–voltage-temperature (I-V-T) characteristics of the CZNP/p-Si junction was analyzed in dark mode. The device transport ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance were identified.
The Origins of European Integration
Authors: Segers Mathieu
Published: December 2023

Bringing together political, diplomatic, economic, cultural, and contemporary history, this book explores why and how European integration came to pass. It tells a fascinating story of ideals and realpolitik, political dreams and geographical realities, and planning and chaos. Mathieu Segers reveals that the roots of today's European Union lie deep in Europe's past and encompass more than war and peace, or diplomacy and economics. Based on original archival and primary source research, Segers provides an integrated history of the beginnings of European integration and the emergence of post-war Western Europe and today's European Union. The Origins of European Integration offers a broad perspective on the genealogy of post-war Western Europe, providing readers with a deeper understanding of contemporary European history and the history of transatlantic relations.
E Pluribus Unum – A dangerous concept for the world since not always those who are not like us are against us
Authors: Müllerson Rein
Published: December 2023

Today’s world is less stable than the Cold War international system. Why didn’t the high expectations for a peaceful world materialise that existed 30 years ago? This Article singles out two interrelated trends that stem from mistakes made when it seemed that humanity, having learned from history, was entering a period of the ‘end of history’. This forms the very basis for today’s negative tendencies to flourish. The triumphant West tried to unify the whole world under one leadership and to make it uniform. Yet, the world is simply too big, complex and diverse for only one ideology, be it Judeo-Christian, Anglo-Saxon, Confucian, Muslim or secular liberal-democratic, to dominate. Therefore, those states that couldn’t or didn’t want to follow Washington, began to claim their own place and the right to go their own way. Until it is recognised that there is a value in acceptance of diverse ways of life within a society and in the existence of diverse political systems, economic models and societal arrangements, there will not be even a relative peace in the world. Equally, recognition and acceptance of balance of power in international relations is even more important than the adherence to the principle of separation of powers within states. The second trend is expressed in conflicts between elites and masses, whose grievances are exploited by populists. The idea that globalisation would lead, if not to the disappearance of the State, then at least to a considerable shrinking of its role, turned out to be wrong.
How far does turbulence spread?
Authors: Alexakis Alexandros
Published: December 2023

How locally injected turbulence spreads in space is investigated with direct numerical simulations. We consider a turbulent flow in a long triply periodic box generated by a forcing that is localized in space. The forcing is such that it does not inject any mean momentum into the flow. We show that at long times a statistically stationary state is reached where the turbulent energy density in space fluctuates around a mean profile that peaks at the forcing location and decreases fast away from it. We measure this profile as a function of the distance from the forcing region for different values of the Reynolds number. It is shown that, as the Reynolds number is increased, it converges to a Reynolds-number-independent profile, implying that turbulence spreads due to self-advection and not due to molecular diffusion. In this limit, therefore, turbulence plays the simultaneous role of cascading the energy to smaller scales and transporting it to larger distances. The two effects are shown to be of the same order of magnitude. Thus a new turbulent state is reached where turbulent transport and turbulent cascade are equally important and control its properties.
Challenges for the Pro-Life Movement in a Post-Roe Era
Authors: Kaveny Cathleen
Published: December 2023

This article considers challenges facing the pro-life movement after Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022). It identifies four questions the movement must face: (1) whether to adopt a combative or conciliatory rhetorical stance; (2) how to prioritize new legislative goals; (3) how to define the limits of acceptable compromise; and (4) how to respond to Americans with ambivalent attitudes toward abortion. The article argues that each of these issues could precipitate serious division in the pro-life movement that will impact likelihood of future success.
Political Polarisation in Uruguay in the Early 1960s: The Role of Luis Batlle Berres and Lista 15
Authors: Monestier Felipe
Published: December 2023

The historiography on Uruguay during the Cold War has identified the period 1959–62 as a key juncture in the process of political polarisation that culminated in the fall of democracy in 1973. Based on the analysis of press articles and other documentary sources, I describe the role played by the main fraction of the Partido Colorado (Red Party) led by Luis Batlle Berres in promoting polarisation of the Uruguayan political system in those years. My findings contradict the conventional depiction of Batlle Berres as a moderate who tried to prevent the polarisation provoked by other agents.
Morphology and ASAP analysis of the important zoonotic nematode parasiteBaylisascaris procyonis(Stefahski and Zarnowski, 1951), with molecular phylogenetic relationships ofBaylisascarisspecies (Nematoda: Ascaridida)
Authors: Gu Xiao-Hong , Chen Hui-Xia , Hu Jun-Jie , Li Liang
Published: December 2023

Species ofBaylisascaris(Nematoda: Ascarididae) are of great veterinary and zoonotic significance, owing to cause Baylisascariosis or Baylisascariasis in wildlife, captive animals and humans. However, the phylogenetic relationships of the current 10Baylisascarisspecies remain unclear. Moreover, our current knowledge of the detailed morphology and morphometrics of the important zoonotic speciesB. procyonisis still insufficient. The taxonomical status ofB. procyonisandB. columnarisremains under debate. In the present study, the detailed morphology ofB. procyoniswas studied using light and scanning electron microscopy based on newly collected specimens from the raccoonProcyon lotor(Linnaeus) in China. The results of the ASAP analysis and Bayesian inference (BI) using the 28S, ITS,cox1 andcox2 genetic markers did not support thatB. procyonisandB. columnarisrepresent two distinct species. Integrative morphological and molecular assessment challenged the validity ofB. procyonis, and suggested thatB. procyonisseems to represent a synonym ofB. columnaris.Molecular phylogenetic results indicated that the species ofBaylisascariswere grouped into 4 clades according to their host specificity. The present study provided new insights into the taxonomic status ofB. procyonisand preliminarily clarified the phylogenetic relationships ofBaylisascarisspecies.
Daily nonsuicidal self-injury thoughts in emerging adulthood: The relevance of pre-adolescent borderline traits
Authors: Franssens R. , Kaurin A. , De Clercq B.
Published: December 2023

Longitudinal studies exploring the role of early personality vulnerabilities as risk factors for later NSSI dynamics are scarce. In this study, we assess how pre-adolescent borderline personality pathology (BPP) traits (assessed at mean age 12.78; SDage = 1.38, age range = 7.17–14.78) shape dynamic links between daily socio-emotional dysregulation and NSSI thoughts during emerging adulthood (Mage = 20.96, SDage = 1.63). Mothers of 131 children completed questionnaires about their child’s BPP traits in pre-adolescence. These children were re-assessed eight years later and were asked to complete a daily diary for 14 consecutive days. During these 14 days, behavioral and emotional dysregulation as well as NSSI thoughts were self-reported. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used (1) to examine dynamic links between socio-emotional dysregulation manifestations and NSSI thoughts in early adulthood, and (2) to explore the role of pre-adolescent BPP traits in moderating these early-adult dynamic associations. Our findings suggest that young adults who were described by their mothers as high on BPP traits (especially anxious and paranoid traits) during pre-adolescence, tended to respond more with NSSI thoughts when experiencing dysregulation or when perceiving others as rejecting in young adulthood. Results are discussed in terms of potential targets for indicated prevention of NSSI development.
The predictive validity of the strange situation procedure: Evidence from registered analyses of two landmark longitudinal studies
Authors: Nivison Marissa , Caldo Paul D. , Magro Sophia W. , Raby K. Lee , Groh Ashley M. , Vandell Deborah Lowe , Booth-LaForce Cathryn , Fraley R. Chris , Carlson Elizabeth A. , Simpson Jeffry A. , Roisman Glenn I.
Published: December 2023

Meta-analyses demonstrate that the quality of early attachment is modestly associated with peer social competence (r = .19) and externalizing behavior (r = −.15), but weakly associated with internalizing symptoms (r = −.07) across early development (Groh et al., Child Development Perspectives, 11(1), 70–76, 2017). Nonetheless, these reviews suffer from limitations that undermine confidence in reported estimates, including evidence for publication bias and the lack of comprehensive assessments of outcome measures from longitudinal studies in the literature. Moreover, theoretical claims regarding the specificity of the predictive significance of early attachment variation for socioemotional versus academic outcomes had not been evaluated when the analyses for this report were registered (but see Dagan et al., Child Development, 1–20, 2023; Deneault et al., Developmental Review, 70, 101093, 2023). To address these limitations, we conducted a set of registered analyses to evaluate the predictive validity of infant attachment in two landmark studies of the Strange Situation: the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (MLSRA) and the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD). Across-time composite assessments reflecting teacher report, mother report, and self-reports of each outcome measure were created. Bivariate associations between infant attachment security and socioemotional outcomes in the MLSRA were comparable to, or slightly weaker than, those reported in the recent meta-analyses, whereas those in the SECCYD were weaker for these outcomes. Controlling for four demographic covariates, partial correlation coefficients between infant attachment and all socioemotional outcomes were r ≤ .10 to .15 in both samples. Compositing Strange Situations at ages 12 and 18 months did not substantively alter the predictive validity of the measure in the MLSRA, though a composite measure of three different early attachment measures in the SECCYD did increase predictive validity coefficients. Associations between infant attachment security and academic skills were unexpectedly comparable to (SECCYD) or larger than (MLSRA) those observed with respect to socioemotional outcomes.
Food insecurity is associated with chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain in the USA
Authors: Tamargo Javier A , Strath Larissa J , Karanth Shama D , Spector Antoinette L , Sibille Kimberly T , Anton Stephen , Cruz-Almeida Yenisel
Published: December 2023

Objective:

This study evaluated whether food insecurity (US Adult Food Security Survey) was associated with chronic pain (≥ 3 months) and high-impact chronic pain (i.e. pain that limits work and life) among US adults.

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting:

Nationally representative sample of non-institutionalised adults in the USA.

Participants:

79 686 adults from the National Health Interview Survey (2019–2021).

Results:

Marginal, low and very low food security were associated with increased prevalence odds of chronic pain (OR: 1·58 (95 % CI 1·44, 1·72), 2·28 (95 % CI 2·06, 2·52) and 3·37 (95 % CI 3·01, 3·78), respectively) and high-impact chronic pain (OR: 1·28 (95 % CI 1·14, 1·42), 1·55 (95 % CI 1·37, 1·75) and 1·90 (95 % CI 1·65, 2·18), respectively) in a dose–response fashion (P-trend < 0·0001 for both), adjusted for sociodemographic, socio-economic and clinically relevant factors. Participation in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and age modified the association between food insecurity and chronic pain.

Conclusions:

These findings illustrate the impact of socio-economic factors on chronic pain and suggest that food insecurity may be a social determinant of chronic pain. Further research is needed to better understand the complex relationship between food insecurity and chronic pain and to identify targets for interventions. Moreover, the consideration of food insecurity in the clinical assessment of pain and pain-related conditions among socio-economically disadvantaged adults may be warranted.
Exploration of Thermal Bridging Through Shrub Branches in Alpine Snow
Authors: Domine Florent , Fourteau Kevin , Choler Philippe
Published: December 2023

In the high Arctic, thermal bridging through frozen shrub branches has been demonstrated to cool the ground by up to 4°C during cold spells, affecting snow metamorphism and soil carbon and nutrients. In alpine conditions, the thermal conductivity contrast between shrub branches and snow is much less than in the Arctic, so that the importance of thermal bridging is uncertain. We explore this effect by monitoring ground temperature and liquid water content under green alders and under nearby alpine tundra in the Alps. During a January 2022 cold spell, the ground temperature at 5 cm depth under alders is 1.3°C colder than under alpine tundra. Ground water freezing under alders is complete, while water remains liquid under tundra. Finite element simulations reproduce the observed temperature difference between both sites, showing that thermal bridging does affect ground temperature also under Alpine conditions.
Influence of Sediment Supply Timing on Bedload Transport and Bed Surface Texture During a Single Experimental Hydrograph in Gravel Bed Rivers
Authors: Hassan Marwan A. , Li Wenqi , Viparelli Enrica , An Chenge , Mitchell Alexander J.
Published: December 2023

Channel stability and sediment transport in gravel bed streams depend on temporally and spatially variable fluid forces, bed surface structures, armoring, and sediment supply/storage. Of particular interest here is the influence of sediment supply timing on bedload transport rate and grain size distribution, bed surface composition and channel morphology. We conducted flume experiments in a sediment feed flume with poorly sorted sediment. A symmetrical, identical stepped hydrograph was used with five different sediment feeding schemes: no feed, constant feed, rising‐limb only feed, falling‐limb only feed, and variable feed. The same sediment mass of 800 kg was fed during each experiment. Sediment transport rates ranged over five orders of magnitude regardless of feeding scheme. Clockwise hysteresis was observed for bedload transport rate and bedload grain size, that is, the transport rate was larger and coarser during the rising limb. Counterclockwise hysteresis was observed for the grain size distribution of the bed surface, that is, the bed surface was finest during the rising limb. In all experiments sediment yield during the rising was higher than during the falling limb, indicating that the rising limb is more capable to transport the supplied sediment. Our study provides insight on how timing of sediment supply influences sediment transport and bed surface during a single hydrograph, essential information for artificial sediment supply projects to restore and habilitate gravel bed streams.
The blurred lines of professionalism in dentistry
Authors: Bartlett Sophie , Russ Elaine , Bullock Alison , Cserzo Dorottya , Cowpe Jonathan
Published: December 2023

Introduction Literature surrounding the definition, portrayal and teaching of professionalism in dentistry is widespread. However, there has been substantially less focus on the boundaries of professionalism and what constitutes unprofessional or a lapse in professionalism.

Aims What about a dentist's conduct calls their professionalism into question? In exploring this, we shed light on where the boundary between professional and unprofessional conduct is blurred.

Methods Drawing on data from a larger study, we conducted a thematic analysis on a series of statements surrounding professionalism and 772 open-text online survey responses from dental professionals and the public.

Results Professionalism in dentistry and the circumstances where it is brought into question appears to centre around patient trust. Blurriness occurs when we consider how trust is established. Two lines of argument were constructed: patients' trust in the professionalism of their dentist is founded on any behaviour bearing a direct influence on clinical care or that challenges the law; and patients' trust also extends to aspects that reveal the inherent character of the dentist and that can threaten their integrity.

Conclusion We recommend an approach to professionalism that mirrors a dentist's approach to clinical practice: learned and tailored interactions, and judgement and reflection.
Long-term findings of rectal endoscopy and rectal bleeding after moderately hypofractionated, intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Bae Bong Kyung , Kim Ji Eun , Pyo Hongryull , Hong Sung Noh , Park Won
Published: December 2023

To present rectal endoscopic findings and toxicity after definitive moderately hypofractionated, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent IMRT for prostate cancer and underwent post-radiotherapy endoscopies between 2008 and 2018. Endoscopic findings were reviewed and graded using Vienna Rectoscopy Score (VRS). We have analyzed the association between endoscopic findings and rectal bleeding, and investigated risk factors for rectal bleeding. Total 162 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study. There was a trend of VRS worsening during the initial 3 years after radiotherapy followed by recovery. Rectal bleeding was highest at 1 year after radiotherapy and improved thereafter. The 5-year cumulative incidence of grade ≥ 2 rectal bleeding was 14.8%. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR] 2.732, P = 0.037), rectal wall V65 (HR 1.158, P = 0.027), and VRS ≥ 3 in first post-radiotherapy endoscopy (HR 2.573, P = 0.031) were significant risk factors for rectal bleeding. After IMRT for prostate cancer, VRS and rectal bleeding worsened over 1–3 years after radiotherapy and recovered. Cardiovascular disease, rectal wall V65, and VRS ≥ 3 in first post-radiotherapy endoscopy were significant risk factors for rectal bleeding.
Morphological and cytoskeleton changes in cells after EMT
Authors: Nurmagambetova Assel , Mustyatsa Vadim , Saidova Aleena , Vorobjev Ivan
Published: December 2023

Epithelial cells undergoing EMT experience significant alterations at transcriptional and morphological levels. However, changes in the cytoskeleton, especially cytoskeleton dynamics are poorly described. Addressing the question we induced EMT in three cell lines (MCF-7, HaCaT and A-549) and analyzed morphological and cytoskeletal changes there using immunostaining and life cell imaging of cells transfected with microtubule and focal adhesion markers. In all studied cell lines, cell area after EMT increased, MCF-7 and A-549 cells became elongated, while HaCaT cells kept the aspect ratio the same. We next analyzed three components of the cytoskeleton: microtubules, stress fibers and focal adhesions. The following changes were observed after EMT in cultured cells: (i) Organization of microtubules becomes more radial; and the growth rate of microtubule plus ends was accelerated; (ii) Actin stress fibers become co-aligned forming the longitudinal cell axis; and (iii) Focal adhesions had decreased area in all cancer cell lines studied and became more numerous in HaCaT cells. We conclude that among dynamic components of the cytoskeleton, the most significant changes during EMT happen in the regulation of microtubules.
Modified SVPWM technique for CMV reduction in asymmetrical dual three phase induction machine drive
Authors: Chaudhury Manoj K. , Pathak Mukesh K. , Singh Girish K.
Published: December 2023

Due to its advantages, the asymmetrical dual three-phase induction motor drive is a strong choice in high-power applications. However, the common-mode voltage produced by the voltage source inverters affects the winding insulation and damages the bearings. Common-mode voltage is also responsible for electromagnetic interference and leakage currents. This paper, therefore, analyses the common-mode voltage produced by the inverter supplying a dual three-phase induction motor drive and proposes a novel modified space vector decomposition-based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique for common mode reduction. The vector space decomposition-based space vector modulation technique offers excellent flexibility as it reduces the common-mode voltage (CMV) by exploiting the additional degree of freedom in a dual three-phase system. The common-mode voltage (CMV) can be reduced to one-sixth of the DC link voltage compared to the highest CMV, i.e. half of the DC-link voltage produced in conventional space vector modulation. The proposed method is also validated experimentally to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of the amplitude of CMV, pulsations, and total harmonic distortion(THD) in current.