bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring fish communities through environmental DNA metabarcoding in the fish pass system of the second largest hydropower plant in the world
Authors: Dal Pont Giorgi , Duarte Ritter Camila , Agostinis Andre Olivotto , Stica Paula Valeska , Horodesky Aline , Cozer Nathieli , Balsanelli Eduardo , Netto Otto Samuel Mäder , Henn Caroline , Ostrensky Antonio , Pie Marcio Roberto
Published: November 2021

The Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant is the second largest in the world in power generation. The artificial barrier created by its dam imposes an obstacle for fish migration. Thus, in 2002, a fish pass system, named Piracema Channel, was built to allow fish to access areas upstream of the reservoir. We tested the potential of environmental DNA metabarcoding to monitor the impact of both the dam and associated fish pass system in the Paraná River fish communities and to compare it with traditional monitoring methods. Using a fragment of the 12S gene, we characterized richness and community composition based on amplicon sequence variants, operational taxonomic units, and zero-radius OTUs. We combined GenBank and in-house data for taxonomic assignment. We found that different bioinformatics approaches showed similar results. Also, we found a decrease in fish diversity from 2019 to 2020 probably due to the recent extreme drought experienced in southeastern Brazil. The highest alpha diversity was recorded in the mouth of the fish pass system, located in a protected valley with the highest environmental heterogeneity. Despite the clear indication that the reference databases need to be continuously improved, our results demonstrate the analytical efficiency of the metabarcoding to monitor fish species.
Polymorphism rs2682818 participates in the progression of colorectal carcinoma via miR-618-TIMP1 regulatory axis
Authors: Shao Wei , Xia Haina , Lan Qiangfang , Gu Jialu , Huang Haidong , Zheng Fei , Zheng Youyou
Published: November 2021

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has a high morbidity and mortality. Current studies have confirmed a variety of microRNA polymorphisms were associated with tumor susceptibility, however, the mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we were aimed to clarify how polymorphism rs2682818 participated in the progression of CRC. First of all, the differential expression of miR-618 was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in CRC patients with different genotypes of polymorphism rs2682818, including homozygous (TT) genotype, homozygous (GG) genotype and heterozygous (TG) genotype. Secondly, plasmids carried miR-168 precursor sequences harboring rs2682818 (SNP type) or without rs2682818 (wild type) were transfected into 293T cells to verify that polymorphism rs2682818 affected miR-618 expression. Thirdly, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay, transwell assay and mouse xenograft assay were performed to measure the biological functions of miR-618 in CRC. Fourthly, the candidate target genes of miR-618 which were predicted by bioinformatics tools were verified by luciferase reporter assay. Finally, in order to explain the potential molecular mechanisms, western blotting was performed to demonstrate the differential expression and phosphorylation of pathway related proteins. The results showed that miR-618 was down-regulated in colon cancer, especially in CRC patients with rs2682818 GG homozygous genotype. Higher expression of mature miR-618 occurred in patients with TT homozygous genotype, and these patients usually had a longer survival time. Moreover, miR-618 mimic obviously impaired the growth and invasion ability of CRC cells, and miR-618 mimic also remarkably promoted CRC cell apoptosis. Our luciferase experiments confirmed that TIMP1 was a target of miR-618 in CRC cells. Knockdown of TIMP1 also significantly inhibited the malignant cytological features of CRC, including malignant growth and invasion as well as apoptosis resistance. In summary, polymorphism rs2682818 participated in the progression of CRC via affecting the expression of mature miR-618 in CRC cells, and miR-618 inhibited the progression of CRC via targeting TIMP1expression.
New insight into the taxonomic resolution of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera) based on molecular data from Central Europe
Authors: Karpowicz Maciej , Świsłocka Magdalena , Moroz Joanna , Sługocki Łukasz
Published: November 2021

The taxonomic status of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera) has been debated since the second half of the XIX century. The most widespread view of recent decades has been that Bythotrephes is a monotypic genus, which was support by preliminary molecular data. However, the recent detailed morphological revision of this genus clearly distinguishes at least seven species. Therefore, we performed a multi-lake survey in Central Europe to give new insight into the taxonomic status of Bythotrephes by combining genetic analysis with traditional morphology-based taxonomy. Based on the morphology we identified two species in Central Europe, B. brevimanus and B. lilljeborgi, as well as hybrid forms. For the genetic analysis, we used newly obtained 113 sequences of mtDNA COI gene of the 535-bp length Bythotrephes from Central Europe and sequences downloaded from GenBank. There were no significant differences between all analyzed sequences, which supports the hypothesis that Bythotrephes is a monotypic genus, with only one highly polymorphic species. On the other hand, the results of our work could point out that the COI gene is insufficient to evaluate the taxonomic status of Bythotrephes. Nonetheless, we have identified 29 new haplotypes of mtDNA COI, and one which was the same as the haplotype found in North America and Finland. Furthermore, this haplotype was the source variant from which most other haplotypes were derived.
Improved reproductive performance achieved in tropical dairy cows by dietary beta-carotene supplementation
Authors: Khemarach Soparak , Yammuen-art Saowaluck , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak , Nithithanasilp Sutichai , Jaipolsaen Narongrit , Sangsritavong Siwat
Published: November 2021

Dairy farming in tropical climates is challenging as heat stress can impair reproduction in cows. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of beta-carotene supplementation on bovine reproductive performance. This study was performed in Thailand, where the temperature-humidity index (THI) during the experimental periods was measured to range from 78.4 to 86.1. Lactating Holstein cows classified as repeat breeders (previous artificial insemination [AI] failures) were randomly assigned into two treatments, control treatment (T1; received placebo, n = 200) and test treatment (T2; received 400 mg/h/day of beta-carotene, n = 200). All cows were subjected to a protocol for synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination (TAI). The day of the 1st ovulation synchronized protocol was defined as day 0, and the total experimental period was 160 days. Daily placebo or beta-carotene supplements were given orally on day 0 and each subsequent day of the experiment. Diagnosis of pregnancy was performed using ultrasound on day 30 after insemination. Non-pregnant cows were subjected to further ovulation synchronizations (maximum of four) and TAI over a period of 160 days. Milk samples were collected every ten days throughout the experiment. The samples were analyzed for beta-carotene concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The pregnancies per AI of the cows in T2 were significantly greater than that of T1 from the 2nd to 4th TAI. During the entire experimental period, the pregnancies in T2 were significantly greater than that of T1. Cox's proportional hazards regression model data indicated a 44% greater probability of pregnancy for cows receiving beta-carotene. The concentrations of milk beta-carotene in T2 were significantly greater than T1 from the 2nd to 4th TAI. Significantly greater SOD and GPx activities were observed in T2 than T1, suggesting a reduction of oxidative stress in cows treated with beta-carotene. Dietary supplementation with beta-carotene thus improves the reproductive performance of repeat breeders exposed to heat stress, possibly by reducing oxidative stress.
Cerebral small vessel disease phenotype and 5-year mortality in asymptomatic middle-to-old aged individuals
Authors: Lee Wei-Ju , Chou Kun-Hsien , Lee Pei-Lin , Peng Li-Ning , Wang Pei-Ning , Lin Ching-Po , Chen Liang-Kung , Chung Chih-Ping
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to determine whether a recently proposed cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) classification scheme could differentiate the 5-year all-cause mortality in middle-to-old aged asymptomatic CSVD. Stroke-free and non-demented participants recruited from the community-based I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study underwent baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2011 and 2014 and were followed-up between 2018 and 2019. The study population was classified into control (non-CSVD) and CSVD type 1–4 groups based on MRI markers. We determined the association with mortality using Cox regression models, adjusting for the age, sex, and vascular risk factors. A total of 735 participants were included. During a mean follow-up of 5.7 years, 62 (8.4%) died. There were 335 CSVD type 1 (57.9 ± 5.9 years), 249 type 2 (65.6 ± 8.1 years), 52 type 3 (67.8 ± 9.2 years), and 38 type 4 (64.3 ± 9.0 years). Among the four CSVD types, CSVD type 4 individuals had significantly higher all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 5.0, 95% confidence interval 1.6–15.3) compared to controls. This novel MRI-based CSVD classification scheme was able to identify individuals at risk of mortality at an asymptomatic, early stage of disease and might be applied for future community-based health research and policy.
Value of perfusion parameters histogram analysis of triphasic CT in differentiating intrahepatic mass forming cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Fang , Pang Guodong , Li Xuejing , Yang Shuo , Zhong Hai
Published: November 2021

We aim to gain further insight into identifying differential perfusion parameters and corresponding histogram parameters of intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (IMCC) from hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) on triphasic computed tomography (CT) scans. 90 patients with pathologically confirmed HCCs (n = 54) and IMCCs (n = 36) who underwent triple-phase enhanced CT imaging were included. Quantitative analysis of CT images derived from triphasic CT scans were evaluated to generate liver perfusion and histogram parameters. The differential performances, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), specificity, and sensitivity were assessed. The mean value, and all thepercentiles of the arterial enhancement fraction (AEF) were significantly higher in HCCs than in IMCCs. The difference in hepatic arterial blood supply perfusion (HAP) and AEF (ΔHAP = HAPtumor − HAPliver, ΔAEF = AEFtumor − AEFliver) for the mean perfusion parameters and all percentile parameters between tumor and peripheral normal liver were significantly higher in HCCs than in IMCCs. The relative AEF (rAEF = ΔAEF/AEFliver), including the mean value and all corresponding percentile parameters were statistically significant between HCCs and IMCCs. The 10th percentiles of the ΔAEF and rAEF had the highest AUC of 0.788 for differentiating IMCC from HCC, with sensitivities and specificities of 87.0%, 83.3%, and 61.8%, 64.7%, respectively. Among all parameters, the mean value of ∆AEF, the 75th percentiles of ∆AEF and rAEF, and the 25th percentile of HFtumor exhibited the highest sensitivities of 94.4%, while the 50th percentile of rAEF had the highest specificity of 82.4%. AEF (including ΔAEF and rAEF) and the corresponding histogram parameters derived from triphasic CT scans provided useful value and facilitated the accurate discrimination between IMCCs and HCCs.
Smartphone application improves fertility treatment-related literacy in a large-scale virtual randomized controlled trial in Japan
Authors: Yokomizo Ryo , Nakamura Akari , Sato Makoto , Nasu Risa , Hine Maaya , Urayama Kevin Y. , Kishi Hiroshi , Sago Haruhiko , Okamoto Aikou , Umezawa Akihiro
Published: November 2021

People of reproductive age have unmet needs related to deficiencies in fertility literacy. Here, we aimed to investigate whether providing fertility-related information via a smartphone application could improve fertility treatment-related literacy in participants. We performed a randomized control-group pretest posttest study and recruited participants between June 18 and 25, 2020. Participants’ fertility treatment-related literacy was assessed with a pretest that comprised of 28 questions and participants were allocated with stratified randomization to either intervention group or control group. The intervention comprised a one-week smartphone application-based provision of information on fertility-related information and the control group received general information about women’s healthcare. Effectiveness of intervention was assessed using a posttest. A total of 4137 participants were administered the questionnaire and pretest, among which 3765 participants (91.0 %) responded and were randomly allocated into either the intervention group (N = 1883) or the control group (N = 1882). A significantly higher posttest mean score was observed for the intervention group compared to the control group (P = 0.0017). We also observed that posttest scores were significantly improved compared to pretest scores in both the intervention and control group (P < 0.001). When examining by specific test question, the proportion answering correctly increased at posttest compared to pretest for both intervention and control groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the intervention group showed a greater mean difference between posttest and pretest scores than the control group (P < 0.001). In conclusion, educational intervention using a smartphone application contributed to enhancing fertility treatment-related literacy.
Arsenite-loaded albumin nanoparticles for targeted synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy of HCC
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Dan , Zhou Bin , Liu Jiani , Luo Xiangjie , Wei Ruixue , Wang Lizhu , Hu Xiaojun , Su Zhongzhen , Lin Hongyu , Gao Jinhao , Shan Hong
Published: November 2021

Arsenic trioxide (ATO, As2O3), an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as an effective therapeutic agent for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).
Efficient full-spectrum driven ammonia synthesis over heterostructured TiO2 nanosheet arrays
Authors: Mu Xiaowei , Cai Shuang , Fu Rong , Qian Yumeng , Pan Ziye , Li Lu
Published: November 2021

The enhanced reduction potential, light trapping effect and abundant oxygen vacancy defects of heterostructured TiO2 nanosheet arrays resulted in efficient photocatalytic ammonia synthesis across the entire solar spectrum.
Ionothermal synthesis of calcium-based metal–organic frameworks in a deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Teixeira Michaël , Maia Renata A. , Karmazin Lydia , Louis Benoît , Baudron Stéphane A.
Published: November 2021

The ionothermal synthesis of Ca-MOFs has been performed using the 1 : 2 choline chloride : e-urea deep eutectic solvent, allowing the preparation of water sensitive materials.
Novel ruthenium complexes bearing bipyridine-based and N-heterocyclic carbene-supported pyridine (NCN) ligands: the influence of ligands on catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketones
Authors: Piyasaengthong Akkharadet , Williams Luke J. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Walton James W.
Published: November 2021

A series of ruthenium complexes is presented. The complexes are designed as catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of ketones. The most active complexes show improvements upon commercially available catalysts. A mechanistic study is included.
Facile synthesis of mesoporous polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets anchored by Pt with ultralow loading for high-efficiency photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Ye Siyuan , Su Changsheng , He Lili , Li Mengli , Yan Zheng , Wu Jun , Shen Hongxia , Cao Xuebo
Published: November 2021

Mesoporous carbon nitride nanosheets synthesized through a facile proton-assisted method exhibit enhanced H2 evolution activity from water and high atom utilization of the co-catalyst.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon occurrence in forest soils in response to fires: a summary across sites
Authors: Yang Biwei , Shi Yameng , Xu Shan , Wang Yinghui , Kong Sifang , Cai Zongwei , Wang Junjian
Published: November 2021

Forest fires are important sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils.
Dimension dependency of tungsten oxide for efficient gas sensing
Authors: Yadav Aditya , Singh Preetam , Gupta Govind
Published: November 2021

In this review, the impact of the structure dimensionality and surface morphologies of WO3 for efficient detection of gases such as H2, NH3, H2S, CO, O3, VOCs etc. along with the influence of surface functionalization and doping has been discussed.
Engineering of porous graphene oxide membranes for solar steam generation with improved efficiency
Authors: Xu Chao , Li Haibo
Published: November 2021

The porous graphene oxide membrane has demonstrated the high interfacial solar steam generation performance due to the enhanced internal reflection of incident light.
Organophosphorus chemical security from a peaceful perspective: sustainable practices in its synthesis, decontamination and detection
Authors: Silva Valmir B. , Santos Yane H. , Hellinger Renata , Mansour Sergui , Delaune Antonin , Legros Julien , Zinoviev Sergey , Nogueira Evandro S. , Orth Elisa S.
Published: November 2021

Organophosphorus compounds play an important role in the modern chemical industry and have a broad range of applications as flame retardants, agrochemicals, and chemical warfare agents.
Silicon and indium as secondary cathodes for the analysis of solid alumina and sapphire by slow-flow direct-current glow discharge mass spectrometry
Authors: Busam Jochen , Paudel Gagan , Di Sabatino Marisa
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate and compare the capabilities of indium and silicon as secondary cathodes for the analysis of flat, solid alumina and sapphire matrices by direct current glow discharge mass spectrometry (dc-GDMS).
Design and engineering of neuroglobin to catalyze the synthesis of indigo and derivatives for textile dyeing
Authors: Chen Lei , Xu Jia-Kun , Li Lianzhi , Gao Shu-Qin , Wen Ge-Bo , Lin Ying-Wu
Published: November 2021

Human neuroglobin (Ngb) was rationally engineered into an enzyme by triple mutations, A15C/H64D/F49Y Ngb, which efficiently catalyzes the synthesis of indigo and derivatives with different colors for textile dyeing.
Colloidal oxide nanoparticle inks for micrometer-resolution additive manufacturing of three-dimensional gas sensors
Authors: Chen Hehao , Min Xinjie , Hui Yue , Qin Weiwei , Zhang Boyu , Yao Yuan , Xing Wang , Zhang Wei , Zhou Nanjia
Published: November 2021

A novel ink design strategy for micrometer-resolution 3D printing of functional oxides and creation of 3D structured gas sensors is demonstrated.
Multifunctionality of cerium decoration in enhancing the cycling stability and rate capability of a nickel-rich layered oxide cathode
Authors: Hao Shuaipeng , Zhang Dianwei , Li Yunjiao , Xi Xiaoming , Wang Shan , Li Xiaohui , Shen Xinjie , Liu Shuaiwei , Zheng Junchao
Published: November 2021

A double-shell structure with a CeO2−x coating and surface spinel phase to mitigate particle microcrack formation.
Imaging atomic motion of light elements in 2D materials with 30 kV electron microscopy
Authors: de Graaf Sytze , Ahmadi Majid , Lazić Ivan , Bosch Eric G. T. , Kooi Bart J.
Published: November 2021

Low-voltage electron microscopy reveals light atoms and their motion in 2D materials using fast atomic electrostatic potential imaging.
Triggered and monitored drug release from bifunctional hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Rowley Jason V. , Wall Patrick A. , Yu Huayang , Howard Mark J. , Baker Daniel L. , Kulak Alexander , Green David C. , Thornton Paul D.
Published: November 2021

Polymer-coated carbon dot-containing calcium carbonate nanoparticles are reported as unique nanocomposites capable of encapsulating a chemotherapeutic drug and displaying afterglow behaviour.
Bottom-up synthesis strategy of a two-dimensional {Fe5} cluster-based coordination polymer: stepwise formation of a {Fe5} cluster and its dimension augmentation
Authors: Tao Ye , Qin Huang-Fei , Hu Zhi-Rong , Pan Zhao-Ting , Yao Peng-Fei , Bian He-Dong , Yao Di , Qin Xiao-Huan , Huang Fu-Ping
Published: November 2021

A 2D cluster-based coordination polymer of {Fe5}-2D was developed by hierarchical dimension augmentation from its 1D coordination polymer of {Fe5}-1D and discrete 0D cluster of {Fe5}-0D. And a possible bottom-up synthesis mechanism was proposed.
Structure elucidation of multicolor emissive graphene quantum dots towards cell guidance
Authors: Gómez I. Jénnifer , Sulleiro Manuel Vázquez , Dolečková Anna , Pizúrová Naděžda , Medalová Jiřina , Bednařík Antonín , Preisler Jan , Nečas David , Zajíčková Lenka
Published: November 2021

Inside-out elucidation of multicolor emissive graphene quantum dots using advanced NMR techniques combined with traditional spectroscopy and electron microscopy.
Asymmetric hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation in the enantioselective synthesis of flavonoids
Authors: Caleffi Guilherme S. , Demidoff Felipe C. , Nájera Carmen , Costa Paulo R. R.
Published: November 2021

In this review, we explore the applications of Asymmetric Hydrogenation (AH) and Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (ATH) in the total synthesis of natural flavonoids and their analogues, highlighting the limitations and opportunities in the field.
Synthesis of amidines via iron-catalyzed dearomative amination of β-naphthols with oxadiazolones
Authors: Fan Yan-Hui , Guan Xiao-Yu , Li Wen-Pei , Lin Cheng-Zhou , Bing De-Xian , Sun Mei-Zhi , Cheng Guo , Cao Jing , Chen Jun-Jie , Deng Qing-Hai
Published: November 2021

An efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of amidines bearing a β-naphthalenone moiety catalyzed by cheap iron(ii) chloride is presented by employing oxadiazolones as the nitrene precursors.
Single-atom-based catalysts for photoelectrocatalysis: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Liu Dong , Wan Xueying , Kong Tingting , Han Weiwei , Xiong Yujie
Published: November 2021

This perspective outlines recent advances, future opportunities and challenges in the research field of single-atom-based catalysts (SACs) in the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) system.
Solar-irradiated carbon dots as high-density hot spots in sponge for high-efficiency cleanup of viscous crude oil spill
Authors: Su Yucheng , Chang Qing , Xue Chaorui , Yang Jinlong , Hu Shengliang
Published: November 2021

A novel solar-heating superhydrophobic sorbent system created by the in situ chemical reaction of carbon dots with commercial porous sponge has been developed for the high-speed sorption of viscous crude oil from a seawater surface.
Magnetic field assisted fabrication of asymmetric hydrogels for complex shape deformable actuators
Authors: Gong Chen , Zhai Yanduo , Zhou Jinping , Wang Yixiang , Chang Chunyu
Published: November 2021

Our work provides a facile yet universal strategy to fabricate programmable hydrogel actuators with asymmetric structures.
Lightweight key establishment with the assistance of mutually connected sensors in wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
Authors: Liu Wei , Harn Lein , Weng Jian
Published: November 2021

Sensitive data collected by a wireless sensor network (WSN) should be protected by a secret key shared between two adjacent (or neighboring) sensors. Sensors are mobile devices with limited memory and computational power, and sensors are deployed in a field randomly in which relative positions among sensors cannot be pre‐determined. Key distribution in WSN is a challenging research problem. Random key distribution is one of the most popular key distribution techniques in WSN; but it is a probabilistic key distribution scheme since two neighboring sensors may or may not share any pairwise key. There are many published papers to improve the probability of connectivity of two neighboring sensors. In this paper, a novel design of lightweight key establishment is proposed based on top of random key distribution. The first scheme can increase the probability of connectivity of two neighboring sensors, and the second scheme can also enable sensors to authenticate the established pairwise key. Both schemes need only XOR operation so they are lightweight and especially suitable for WSNs.
Reach‐avoid games with two heterogeneous defenders and one attacker
Authors: Chen Xi , Yu Jianqiao
Published: November 2021

This article addresses a reach‐avoid game with two heterogeneous defenders and one attacker in a bounded, convex domain consisting of a target region and a play region. The attacker aims to reach the target region before being captured by any defenders, while the defenders strive to capture the attacker in advance. A simple geometric method is introduced that only considers the position relation between the reaching regions of the players and the boundary of the target region to construct the barrier of the two‐player version reach‐avoid game analytically. Next, based on the speed ratio between the defenders, the necessary and sufficient conditions suitable for the general game setups to judge which defender contributes to the barrier and decompose the problem into several two‐player version subproblems are given. Then, the barrier of the original game is constructed analytically by combining these subproblems in all possible situations. The method provided an analytical expression of the barrier and has essentially no computation burden. Thus, the method is suitable for online applications. And solutions given in this work can be extended to general multiplayer situations and the game with complex setups for further research.
A polarization‐insensitive time‐modulated frequency‐selective surface for broad frequency range
Authors: Saikia Mondeep , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav , Ramakrishna S. Anantha
Published: November 2021

Usually, Radar signature of an object is reduced using microwave absorber surface. Recently, another approach based on time‐modulated frequency‐selective surfaces has been developed to deceive Radar detection by selectively generating harmonics/sidebands. Here, a polarization‐insensitive time‐modulated frequency‐selective surface is proposed that works over a broad frequency range. The design employs a PIN diode‐based switchable frequency‐selective surface to switch between the two states of reflection coefficient. Monochromatic incident electromagnetic (EM) wave, upon reflection from the surface is modulated by a periodic time‐varying reflection coefficient to generate several harmonics/sidebands along with the incident frequency. In the frequency spectrum of the reflected EM wave, the power of the incident frequency component is suppressed below that of the sidebands. The time‐modulated frequency selective surface has the capability to suppress the incident frequency component for any incident EM wave in 2–4 GHz that is S band, as well as generate spurious reflection sidebands.
A review of recent progress and developments in China smart cities
Authors: Shan Zhiguang , Zhang Yanqiang , Zhang Yaqi , Tang Sisi , Wang Wei
Published: November 2021

Since 2008, the development of China's smarter cities has experienced four phases: Exploration and practice phase, normative adjustment phase, strategic breakthrough phase and all‐round development phase. A number of innovative practices such as the city brain and ‘unified online government service’ have provided the world with Chinese solutions for smart city construction. This study explains the concept and connotation of innovative smarter cities, summarizes the development status of China's innovative smarter cities, analyses and judges the seven development trends in the construction of innovative smarter cities, analyses the shortcomings and deficiencies, and puts forward policy suggestions to promote the development. It has an important reference value for comprehensively understanding the development concept and overall development status of China's innovative smarter cities and clarifying the next development direction.
GOODS-ALMA 2.0: Source catalog, number counts, and prevailing compact sizes in 1.1 mm galaxies
Authors: Gómez-Guijarro C. , Elbaz D. , Xiao M. , Béthermin M. , Franco M. , Magnelli B. , Daddi E. , Dickinson M. , Demarco R. , Inami H. , Rujopakarn W. , Magdis G. E. , Shu X. , Chary R. , Zhou L. , Alexander D. M. , Bournaud F. , Ciesla L. , Ferguson H. C. , Finkelstein S. L. , Giavalisco M. , Iono D. , Juneau S. , Kartaltepe J. S. , Lagache G. , Le Floc’h E. , Leiton R. , Lin L. , Motohara K. , Mullaney J. , Okumura K. , Pannella M. , Papovich C. , Pope A. , Sargent M. T. , Silverman J. D. , Treister E. , Wang T.
Published: November 2021

Submillimeter/millimeter observations of dusty star-forming galaxies with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have shown that dust continuum emission generally occurs in compact regions smaller than the stellar distribution. However, it remains to be understood how systematic these findings are. Studies often lack homogeneity in the sample selection, target discontinuous areas with inhomogeneous sensitivities, and suffer from modest uv coverage coming from single array configurations. GOODS-ALMA is a 1.1 mm galaxy survey over a continuous area of 72.42 arcmin2 at a homogeneous sensitivity. In this version 2.0, we present a new low resolution dataset and its combination with the previous high resolution dataset from the survey, improving the uv coverage and sensitivity reaching an average of σ = 68.4 μJy beam−1. A total of 88 galaxies are detected in a blind search (compared to 35 in the high resolution dataset alone), 50% at S/Npeak ≥ 5 and 50% at 3.5 ≤ S/Npeak ≤ 5 aided by priors. Among them, 13 out of the 88 are optically dark or faint sources (H- or K-band dropouts). The sample dust continuum sizes at 1.1 mm are generally compact, with a median effective radius of Re = 0.″10 ± 0.″05 (a physical size of Re = 0.73 ± 0.29 kpc at the redshift of each source). Dust continuum sizes evolve with redshift and stellar mass resembling the trends of the stellar sizes measured at optical wavelengths, albeit a lower normalization compared to those of late-type galaxies. We conclude that for sources with flux densities S1.1 mm >  1 mJy, compact dust continuum emission at 1.1 mm prevails, and sizes as extended as typical star-forming stellar disks are rare. The S1.1 mm <  1 mJy sources appear slightly more extended at 1.1 mm, although they are still generally compact below the sizes of typical star-forming stellar disks.
The SEDIGISM survey: A search for molecular outflows
Authors: Yang A. Y. , Urquhart J. S. , Wyrowski F. , Thompson M. A. , König C. , Colombo D. , Menten K. M. , Duarte-Cabral A. , Schuller F. , Csengeri T. , Eden D. , Barnes P. , Traficante A. , Bronfman L. , Sanchez-Monge A. , Ginsburg A. , Cesaroni R. , Lee M.-Y. , Beuther H. , Medina S.-N. X. , Mazumdar P. , Henning T.
Published: November 2021

Context. The formation processes of massive stars are still unclear, but a picture is emerging involving accretion disks and molecular outflows in what appears to be a scaled-up version of low-mass star formation. A census of outflow activity toward high-mass star-forming clumps in various evolutionary stages has the potential to shed light on high-mass star formation.

Aims. We conducted an outflow survey toward ATLASGAL (APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy) clumps using SEDIGISM (structure, Excitation, and Dynamics of the Inner Galactic InterStellar Medium) data and aimed to obtain a large sample of clumps exhibiting outflow activity in different evolutionary stages.

Methods. We identify the high-velocity wings of the 13CO lines, which indicate outflow activity, toward ATLASGAL clumps by (1) extracting the simultaneously observed 13CO (2–1) and C18O (2–1) spectra from SEDIGISM, and (2) subtracting Gaussian fits to the scaled C18O (core emission) from the 13CO line after considering opacity broadening.

Results. We detected high-velocity gas toward 1192 clumps out of a total sample of 2052, corresponding to an overall detection rate of 58%. Outflow activity has been detected in the earliest (apparently) quiescent clumps (i.e., 70 μm weak) to the most evolved H II region stages (i.e., 8 μm bright with tracers of massive star formation). The detection rate increases as a function of evolution (quiescent = 51%, protostellar = 47%, YSO = 57%, UC H II regions = 76%).

Conclusions. Our sample is the largest outflow sample identified so far. The high detection rate from this large sample is consistent with the results of similar studies reported in the literature and supports the scenario that outflows are a ubiquitous feature of high-mass star formation. The lower detection rate in early evolutionary stages may be due to the fact that outflows in the early stages are weak and difficult to detect. We obtain a statistically significant sample of outflow clumps for every evolutionary stage, especially for outflow clumps in the earliest stage (i.e., 70 μm dark). The detections of outflows in the 70 μm dark clumps suggest that the absence of 70 μm emission is not a robust indicator of starless and/or pre-stellar cores.
Estimation of the vitrified canister production for a PWR fleet with the CLASS code
Authors: Tillard Léa , Doligez Xavier , Senentz Gérald , Ernoult Marc , Liang Jiali , Thiollière Nicolas
Published: November 2021

This article presents an assessment of fuel cycle parameter impact on waste production through the prism of vitrified container and minor actinide masses, using a scenario simulated with the CLASS code. The number of canister introduces a new focus on waste production estimation for a nuclear fleet, as it helps to set the repository size for deep geological disposal of high level waste. To evaluate the number of canisters, dedicated developments to model a simplified waste vitrification unit in the CLASS package are presented. It relies on artificial neural network estimations of decay heat, α radiation and mass content, for different material flow coming from reprocessing and sent to vitrification. Then, the studied scenario considers a transition from a PWRs plutonium mono-recycling fleet to a plutonium multi-recycling fleet. Vitrified waste container production is calculated as a function of different material reprocessing options. Simulations shows that up to 19% variation may be observed (in 2060) in canisters’ total number depending on the different assumptions. Impact of vitrification parameters such as the size of buffer before vitrification is also analysed and the importance of mixing material coming from MOX and MIX spent fuels with material from UOX spent fuels is clearly established.
Bestrahlungsplanung und Dosisverifikation für die kombinierte interne und externe Strahlentherapie (CIERT)
Authors: Freudenberg Robert , Hartmann Holger , Andreeff Michael , Oehme Liane , Leichtner Thomas , Fischer Alexander , Paulus Timo , Krause Mechthild , Kotzerke Jörg
Published: November 2021

Ziel Die kombinierte interne und externe Radiotherapie (CIERT) mittels offenen Radionukliden und externer Bestrahlung ermöglicht die Ausnutzung der Vorteile beider Bestrahlungsansätze. Hierzu zählen steile Dosisgradienten und eine geringe Normalgewebstoxizität durch die Bestrahlung mit offenen Radionukliden sowie die homogene Dosisdeposition innerhalb des Tumors durch externe Bestrahlung. Für eine kombinierte Bestrahlungsplanung soll eine Infrastruktur zur Berücksichtigung der Dosisbeiträge aus beiden Modalitäten geschaffen werden. Anschließend soll die physikalische Verifikation der Dosisverteilung messtechnisch mittels OSL-Detektoren erfolgen.

Methode Die interne Bestrahlung erfolgte durch Re-188 in einem Zylinderphantom mit drei zylindrischen Einsätzen. Nach Akquisition von SPECT-Aufnahmen wurde die interne Dosis mittels der Software STRATOS berechnet und als DICOM-RT-Datensatz exportiert. Mittels der Planungssoftware Pinnacle wurde diese Dosisverteilung als Vorbestrahlung berücksichtigt und die externe Bestrahlung mit 6 MV Photonen geplant. Die Messung der Dosisbeiträge erfolgte mittels OSL-Detektoren aus Berylliumoxid für die kombinierte Bestrahlung und für beide Modalitäten getrennt.

Ergebnisse Die geplante Kombinationsbestrahlung mit 1 Gy, 2 Gy und 4 Gy konnte innerhalb der Messunsicherheit der Detektoren sowohl für die getrennten als auch die kombinierte interne und externe Bestrahlung verifiziert werden. Das mittlere Ansprechvermögen der Detektoren bei der internen Bestrahlung mit Re-188 betrug dabei (88,6 ± 2,4) % gegenüber der Kalibrierung mit 200 kV Röntgenstrahlen, wogegen das Ansprechvermögen für 6 MV Photonen bei (146,0 ± 4,9) % lag.

Schlussfolgerung Es wurde ein Ablaufschema für die Bestrahlungsplanung bei der kombinierten internen und externen Radiotherapie entwickelt und erfolgreich getestet. Messtechnisch konnte die Dosisverifikation mittels OSL-Detektoren erfolgreich umgesetzt werden, so dass die physikalisch-technischen Grundlagen für die Dosimetrie bei Kombinationsbestrahlungen gelegt sind.
Übersicht über die Entwicklung der invasiven Spiroergometrie (iCPET)
Authors: Ewert Ralf , Stubbe Beate , Heine Alexander , Desole Susanna , Habedank Dirk , Knaack Christine , Hortien Franziska , Opitz Christian F.
Published: November 2021

Die Standardmethode zur Messung der pulmonalen Hämodynamik ist der Rechtsherzkatheter (RHK) unter Ruhebedingungen, welcher international standardisiert ist. In den letzten Jahren wurden Bemühungen unternommen, auch die methodischen Aspekte des RHK unter Belastung zu vereinheitlichen und die somit gewonnenen Daten hinsichtlich ihrer prognostischen Aussagekraft zu definieren. Die Spiroergometrie als eine nichtinvasive Methode kann zusätzliche Aspekte der Pathophysiologie unter Belastung darstellen, und beide Methoden werden zunehmend kombiniert (als sog. invasive Spiroergometrie, iCPET) und ermöglichen eine sehr differenzierte Analyse der Belastungsreaktion.

In dieser Übersicht werden die bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der invasiven Spiroergometrie dargestellt und insbesondere methodische Details erläutert.

Die bisherigen Daten zur invasiven Spiroergometrie zeigen, dass diese komplexe Untersuchung besonders bei der Differenzierung der zugrundeliegenden Ursachen einer unklaren Dyspnoe hilfreich ist. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass über die Kombination aus hämodynamischen sowie ventilatorischen und gasanalytischen Daten schon frühe Formen einer kardialen bzw. pulmonalvaskulären Störung zu detektieren sind. Durch die zunehmende Validierung gewonnener Parameter aus der iCPET sind zukünftig Grenzwerte zur Unterscheidung normaler vs. pathologischer Belastungsreaktionen zu erwarten, die genauer als durch die alleinige Anwendung der jeweiligen Methoden möglich werden.
Visual Diagnosis of Pleural Tuberculosis and its Association with Tissue Biopsy, Culture and Xpert Assay
Authors: Sumalani Kamran Khan , Akhter Nousheen , Chawla Dimple , Rizvi Nadeem Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Introduction The diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis remains a clinical challenge due to the paucibacillary nature of disease. Medical thoracoscopy remains the gold standard in diagnosing tuberculous pleuritis.

Objective To establish the diagnostic yield of sago-seed thoracoscopic appearance of pleura in tuberculosis and its correlation with histopathology, tissue AFB culture and tissue Xpert MTB/Rif assay.

Methods All consecutive patients with lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion, who fulfilled inclusion criteria of the study underwent medical thoracoscopy under local anesthesia and pleural tissue was sent for histopathology, AFB culture and Xpert MTB/Rif assay. Chronic granulomatous inflammation on histopathology and response to anti-tuberculous treatment was taken as reference standard for diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.

Results A total of 249 patients were included in the study, out of which 168 had effusion secondary to tuberculosis. Sago-like nodules visualized on thoracoscopy had a sensitivity of 58.9 %, specificity of 92.6 % and diagnostic accuracy of 69.88 % for pleural tuberculosis. There is a strong association between the presence of sago-like nodules and detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis on Xpert MTB/Rif assay and AFB culture of pleura (p-value 0.007).

Conclusion Sago seed nodules on pleura have a high positive predictive value for tuberculous pleurisy. In high endemic countries patients with this finding on thoracoscopy can be commenced on anti-tuberculous treatment before histopathology or culture results are available.
Novel Classification of Acromegaly in Accordance with
Immunohistochemical Subtypes: Is There Really a Clinical
Relevance?
Authors: Akkus Gamze , Odabaş Fulya , Sözütok Sinan , Sert Murat , Ak Numan Emre , Evran Mehtap , Tetiker Tamer
Published: November 2021

According to the recent studies, immunohistochemical subtypes of growth hormone
(GH) secreting adenomas have been considered as a predictive factor in
determining the clinical outcomes including biochemical, radiologic, and
endocrine remission. In a 20 year-of time period, acromegaly patients who were
treated and followed at the Endocrinology Department of our University Hospital
were screened for the study. Of total 98 patients, 65 patients who had been
operated by transsphenoidal surgery and having postoperative specimens were
included. Postoperative specimens of the surgery of the patients were classified
into 3 groups based on the histochemical characteristics (densely, sparsely, and
mixed). Parasellar extensions of pituitary tumors were classified into the five
grades according to Knosp classification. The patients were investigated and
evaluated for postoperative clinical progress, remission rates, comorbidities
regarding with the histopathological patterns. Of total 65 patients, 31 were
classified as densely granulated (group 1), 32 were classified as sparsely
granulated (group 2), and 2 patients were assessed as mixed granulated (group
3). There was no difference between groups for age and gender. Pre-treatment of
adenoma size in all groups was correlated with each other and the frequency of
macroadenoma (1 vs. 2, 77.4 vs. 84.3%) was higher in two groups.
Although mean initial GH levels in group 1 was higher than the other groups
(p=0.03), IGF1 levels (age and gender matched) were similar in each
group. Adenomas in all groups demonstrated noninvasive radiological
characteristics (Knosp grade 0–1–2). Ki-67 proliferation index
of both groups (64.5 vs. 50%) was predominantly 1%. With a
similar follow-up period, the endocrine remission rates
(GH<1 μg/l) in groups were 64 vs. 69%,
respectively. In conclusion, classification according to immunohistochemical
subtypes of growth hormone secreting adenomas may not be a qualified parameter
to evaluate patients with patterns of aggressiveness, clinical outcomes, or
treatment response.
Assessing Audiologists' Exposure, Knowledge, and Attitudes when Working with Individuals Within the Deaf Culture
Authors: Cottrell Chelsea E. , Medwetsky Larry , Boudreault Patrick , Easterling Beth A.
Published: November 2021

Abstract Background Historically, the Deaf community and audiologists have had differing views concerning hearing loss intervention. Even so, members of the Deaf community may see an audiologist for a variety of reasons and it is important that audiologists understand
how to best work with these individuals. Professional audiological organizations encourage cultural competence when working with different cultures, including the Deaf community. Purpose This study investigates audiologists' current cultural competency and exposure to, knowledge
of, and attitudes towards Deaf individuals. Research Design A survey was sent out to 600 audiologists and descriptive analyses was completed. Data Collection and Analysis Study data were managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools and subsequently tabulated
for each of the various survey questions. Results Findings indicate that audiologists have relatively limited exposure to this population in a clinical setting, most use interpreters, and most would like to take more ASL courses. Audiologists' attitudes were positive in serving
members from the Deaf community. Conclusion Findings suggest that more education on the use of interpreters would be beneficial. Future research may include examining the Deaf community's experience with audiologists, and the impact of exposure and other variables on the knowledge
of and interactions with this population.
Influence of the Inclination of the Incisal Edge of Planas Direct Tracks on Deciduous Dentition with Anterior Crossbite: Finite-Elements Study
Authors: Matos Gabriel Ribeiro de , Neto Ruben Ribeiro , Júnior Almiro José Machado , Junior Rui Barbosa Brito
Published: November 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the influence of three different inclinations of the incisal edge of Planas direct tracks (PDTs) on the upper deciduous incisors (15, 30, and 45 degrees) through simulations using the finite-elements method.

Materials and Methods A three-dimensional virtual model of tooth 51 was elaborated by using the Rhinoceros computer-aided design (CAD) software. A mesh was constructed by using the Patran software, and the evaluations were processed by using the ANSYS 15.0 software. The geometry of the elements used consisted of a triangular-base tetrahedron composed of 2,167,386 elements and 3,012,995 nodal points.

Results Progressive alterations of proportional intensity and distribution were seen in the areas of tension on the dentoalveolar structures, with increasing inclination of the edge of the PDT. The tractive contact tensions were seen to be concentrated in the vestibular apical thirds and palatine cervical thirds, while the compressive contact tensions were in the palatine apical thirds and vestibular cervical thirds.

Conclusion It was concluded that a 30-degree inclination for the PDT was most appropriate for the cases of anterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition. Nevertheless, because this was a laboratory evaluation, clinical criteria and complementary examinations for each case need to be taken into consideration in making therapeutic decisions.
Progressive Clinical and Neuroradiological Findings in a Child with BCL11B Missense Mutation: Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of Related Disorder
Authors: Alfei Enrico , Cattaneo Elisa , Spaccini Luigina , Iascone Maria , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Doneda Chiara
Published: November 2021

We report a patient affected by BCL11B-related disorder, providing the first extensive demonstration of clinical and neuroradiological progressive course of the disease, with possible implications on the way it is studied and followed-up. Never described clinical aspects such as toes abnormalities and hypospadias widen the range of dysmorphisms associated with this condition. Our data suggest that BCL11B mutations may be implicated not only in impaired morphogenesis and hematopoiesis but also in progressive central nervous system damage, which remains to be further investigated and clarified.