bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Underwater Paleotopographic and Geoarchaeological Investigations at Le Castella (Crotone, Italy): New Data on the Late Holocene Coastline Changes and the Presence of Two Disappeared Islets
Authors: Medaglia Salvatore , Basso Daniela , Bracchi Valentina Alice , Bruno Fabio , Cellini Emilio , Gaetano Ercole , Lagudi Antonio , Mauri Fabrizio , Megna Francesco , Rende Sante Francesco , Severino Umberto , Taliano Grasso Armando
Published: November 2024

A submerged elevation located off the coast of Le Castella, a small village on the Ionian Coast of Calabria (Italy) populated for thousands of years that features notable archaeological remains from the Great Greece (Magna Graecia) and the Middle Ages, was investigated through in-depth, multidisciplinary, geoarchaeological research. This submarine elevation, once aligned with the marine terrace MIS 3 of Le Castella and still completely emerged between 10 and 8 ka years ago, slowly sank due to erosion and local tectonic-structural subsidence and was also favoured by a submerged normal fault that cuts the terrace in two. The dismantling and sinking of this part of the marine terrace has significantly changed the Late Holocene shorelines, with notable consequences on a topographic and archaeological level. In fact, one of the consequences of the sinking of this ancient promontory was the disappearance of two small islands that were reported to be right in front of Le Castella by numerous historical and cartographic sources. In the last decades, there has been a scientific debate over the existence of these islets, but no convincing evidence has been found about their actual presence up until now. This research, funded by the Marine Protected Area “Capo Rizzuto”, was conducted by means of underwater archaeological and geological surveys, geophysical seabed mapping systems, and both direct and instrumental optical surveys made with an Autonomous Surface Vehicle. The outcomes allow us to confirm the presence of these two partially emerged rock bodies up to half a millennium ago. In addition, the presence of anthropogenic extrabasinal materials in a marine area corresponding to one of the highest points of the submerged elevation allows us to define the exact position of one of the two islets. These archaeological findings have been subject, for the first time ever, to a thorough topographical and architectural analysis, then compared with other near and very similar submerged structures. On the basis of these comparisons, the findings should be attributed to the Byzantine Age or, at most, to the Middle Ages. In-depth archival research on portolan charts and navigation maps, in many cases unpublished and dating from the Middle Ages to the early 18th century, supports the results of our marine investigations from a historical point of view.
Pistachio Phenology and Yield in a Cold-Winter Region of Spain: The Status of the Cultivation and Performance of Three Cultivars
Authors: Núñez Lidia , Martín Hugo , Mirás-Avalos José Manuel , Álvarez Sara
Published: November 2024

In recent years, pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivation is undergoing a great expansion in Spain, which is promising for regions where water and winter chilling are not limiting. Many areas of Castilla y León (Spain) provide suitable conditions for pistachio production, but heat requirement could be a limiting factor. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate the status of pistachios in Castilla y León and the relationships between phenology and agroclimatic conditions and (ii) to assess the performance of three pistachio cultivars (‘Kerman’, ‘Lost Hills’, and ‘Golden Hills’) in a plantation within this region. This work describes the phenological and productive behavior of three pistachio varieties in seven orchards over three years. The chilling requirements were exceeded, and heat accumulation was sufficient to complete the cycle in all seasons. Bloom and harvest occurred later in ‘Kerman’ than in ‘Golden Hills’ and ‘Lost Hills’. In general, ‘Kerman’ had higher nut yield than the other two cultivars but also had more non-split and blank nuts, aspects that should be considered for future plantations. Despite the interannual variability in yield, a trend to increase the production with water received was observed, but this also affected the quality and modified the splitting percentage.
Male Wistar Rats Chronically Fed with a High-Fat Diet Develop Inflammatory and Ionic Transport Angiotensin-(3–4)-Sensitive Myocardial Lesions but Preserve Echocardiographic Parameters
Authors: Crisóstomo Thuany , Luzes Rafael , Gonçalves Matheus Leonardo Lima , Pardal Marco Antônio Estrela , Muzi-Filho Humberto , Costa-Sarmento Glória , Mello Debora B. , Vieyra Adalberto
Published: November 2024

The central aim of this study was to investigate whether male Wistar rats chronically fed a high-fat diet (HFD) over 106 days present high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Na+ and Ca2+ transport alterations in the left ventricle, together with dyslipidemia and decreased glucose tolerance, and to investigate the influence of Ang-(3–4). The rats became moderately overweight with an expansion of visceral adiposity. Na+-transporting ATPases, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), and the abundance of Angiotensin II receptors were studied together with lipid and glycemic profiles from plasma and left-ventricle echocardiographic parameters fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). IL-6 and TNF-α increased (62% and 53%, respectively), but returned to normal levels with Angiotensin-(3–4) administration after 106 days. Significant lipidogram alterations accompanied a decrease in glucose tolerance. Angiotensin II receptors abundance did not change. (Na+ + K+)ATPase and ouabain-resistant Na+-ATPase were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, but returned to normal values upon Angiotensin-(3–4) administration. SERCA2a lost its ability to respond to excess ATP. Echocardiography showed no changes in FS or EF. We conclude that being overweight causes an increase in Ang-(3–4)-sensitive IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and ion transport alterations in the left ventricle that could evolve into future heart dysfunction.
Effect of Constant Illumination on the Morphofunctional State and Rhythmostasis of Rat Livers at Experimental Toxic Injury
Authors: Grabeklis Sevil A. , Kozlova Maria A. , Mikhaleva Lyudmila M. , Dygai Alexander M. , Vandysheva Rositsa A. , Anurkina Anna I. , Areshidze David A.
Published: November 2024

The effect of dark deprivation on the morphofunctional state and rhythmostasis of the liver under CCl4 toxic exposure has been studied. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the hepatotoxic effect of carbon tetrachloride on the liver is well studied, but there are very few data on the relationship between CCl4 intoxication and circadian biorhythms, and most of the studies consider the susceptibility of the organism in general and of the liver in particular to the influence of CCl4 in some separate periods of the rhythm, but not the influence of this chemical agent on the structure of the whole rhythm. In addition, earlier studies indicate that light disturbance causes certain changes in the morphofunctional state of the liver and the structure of the circadian rhythm of a number of parameters. As a result of this study, we found that the effect of CCl4 in conditions of prolonged dark deprivation causes more significant structural and functional changes in hepatocytes, as well as leading to significant changes in the circadian rhythms of a number of parameters, which was not observed in the action of CCl4 as a monofactor. We assume that the severity of structural and functional changes is due to the light-induced deficiency of melatonin, which has hepatoprotective properties. Thus, the mechanisms of CCl4 action on CRs under conditions of light regime violations leave a large number of questions requiring further study, including the role of melatonin in these processes.
Novel Exosomal miRNA Expression in Irradiated Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Almujally Hebah , Abuharfeil Nizar , Sharaireh Aseel
Published: November 2024

The epidermis, the outer layer of the skin, relies on a delicate balance of cell growth and keratinocyte differentiation for its function and renewal. Recent research has shed light on exosomes’ role in facilitating skin communication by transferring molecules like miRNAs, which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Additionally, these factors lead to skin aging through oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this research project, experiments were conducted to study the impact of Sun2000 solar simulator irradiation on exosomal miRNA profiles in HEKa cells. We hypothesized that acute oxidative stress induced by solar simulator irradiation would alter the expression profile of exosomal miRNAs in HEKa cells. The cells were exposed to different durations of irradiation to induce oxidative stress, and the levels of reactive ROS were measured using the CellROX Deep Red flow cytometry assay kit. Exosomes were isolated from both control and irradiated cells, characterized using DLS and SEM techniques, and their miRNAs were extracted and analyzed using qPCR. Solar simulator irradiation led to a time-dependent increase in intracellular ROS and a decrease in cell viability. Exosomal size increased in irradiated cells. Fifty-nine exosomal miRNAs were differentially expressed in irradiated HEKa cells, including hsa-miR-425-5p, hsa-miR-181b-5p, hsa-miR-196b-5p, hsa-miR-376c-3p, and hsa-miR-15a-5p. This study highlights the significant impact of solar radiation on exosomal miRNA expression in keratinocytes, suggesting their potential role in the cellular response to oxidative stress.
Improved Kaempferol Solubility via Heptakis-O-(2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin Complexation: A Combined Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study
Authors: Han Dongxu , Han Zhongbao , Liu Liyan , Xin Shigang , Yu Zhan
Published: November 2024

Four cyclodextrins (CDs) including heptakis-O-(2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), heptakis-O-(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) were evaluated for their ability to enhance the aqueous solubility of kaempferol (Kae). Phase solubility studies indicated that these four CDs can form 1:1 type complexes with Kae and that HP-β-CD demonstrated the most significant solubilizing effect on Kae. Among the CDs tested, HP-β-CD demonstrated the most significant solubilizing effect on Kae. With an HP-β-CD concentration of 5.00 × 10−3 mol·L−1, the concentration of Kae reached 4.56 × 10−5 mol·L−1, which is 12.7 times greater than its solubility in water. Characterization of the HP-β-CD/Kae complex was performed using empirical methods. Molecular docking indicated that the A and C rings of Kae fit into the hydrophobic cavity of HP-β-CD, while the B ring remained at the rim. Six hydrogen bonds were found between HP-β-CD and the -OH groups of Kae. The negative complexation energy (ΔE) suggests the complex formation was exergonic. A 30-ns molecular dynamics simulation revealed no significant structural changes, with average root-mean-square deviation RMSD values of 2.230 Å for HP-β-CD and 0.786 Å for Kae, indicating high stability of the complex.
Calcium Indicators with Fluorescence Lifetime-Based Signal Readout: A Structure–Function Study
Authors: Simonyan Tatiana R. , Varfolomeeva Larisa A. , Mamontova Anastasia V. , Kotlobay Alexey A. , Gorokhovatsky Andrey Y. , Bogdanov Alexey M. , Boyko Konstantin M.
Published: November 2024

The calcium cation is a crucial signaling molecule involved in numerous cellular pathways. Beyond its role as a messenger or modulator in intracellular cascades, calcium’s function in excitable cells, including nerve impulse transmission, is remarkable. The central role of calcium in nervous activity has driven the rapid development of fluorescent techniques for monitoring this cation in living cells. Specifically, genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are the most in-demand molecular tools in their class. In this work, we address two issues of calcium imaging by designing indicators based on the successful GCaMP6 backbone and the fluorescent protein BrUSLEE. The first indicator variant (GCaMP6s-BrUS), with a reduced, calcium-insensitive fluorescence lifetime, has potential in monitoring calcium dynamics with a high temporal resolution in combination with advanced microscopy techniques, such as light beads microscopy, where the fluorescence lifetime limits acquisition speed. Conversely, the second variant (GCaMP6s-BrUS-145), with a flexible, calcium-sensitive fluorescence lifetime, is relevant for static measurements, particularly for determining absolute calcium concentration values using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). To identify the structural determinants of calcium sensitivity in these indicator variants, we determine their spatial structures. A comparative structural analysis allowed the optimization of the GCaMP6s-BrUS construct, resulting in an indicator variant combining calcium-sensitive behavior in the time domain and enhanced molecular brightness. Our data may serve as a starting point for further engineering efforts towards improved GECI variants with fine-tuned fluorescence lifetimes.
Microbiome-Derived Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) as a Multifaceted Biomarker in Cardiovascular Disease: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Jaworska Kinga , Kopacz Wojciech , Koper Mateusz , Ufnal Marcin
Published: November 2024

Biomarkers play a crucial role in various stages of disease management, including screening, diagnosis, prediction, prognosis, treatment, and safety monitoring. Although they are powerful tools in disease diagnosis, management, and drug development, identifying and validating reliable biomarkers remains a significant challenge. Among potential microbiome-derived biomarkers, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has gained notable attention for its link to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. However, despite the growing body of research on TMAO, its practical application in clinical settings for disease management and patient outcome enhancement is still not a reality. This paper presents recent data on the utility of TMAO as a cardiovascular biomarker, categorized by its various roles: diagnostic, prognostic, susceptibility/risk, monitoring, pharmacodynamic/response, predictive, and safety. It also briefly discusses research on TMAO’s potential role in cardiovascular disease development. While TMAO shows promise, particularly in prognostic applications, its reliability as a biomarker has been inconsistent across studies. These variances may result from several confounding factors that affect TMAO plasma levels, including diet, kidney function, and demographic variables. The review aims to elucidate the specific contexts in which TMAO can be valuable, potentially leading to more personalized and effective management of cardiovascular disease.
Radiogenomics Pilot Study: Association Between Radiomics and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Microarray Copy Number Variation in Diagnosing Renal Oncocytoma and Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Alhussaini Abeer J. , Veluchamy Abirami , Jawli Adel , Kernohan Neil , Tang Benjie , Palmer Colin N. A. , Steele J. Douglas , Nabi Ghulam
Published: November 2024

RO and ChRCC are kidney tumours with overlapping characteristics, making differentiation between them challenging. The objective of this research is to create a radiogenomics map by correlating radiomic features to molecular phenotypes in ChRCC and RO, using resection as the gold standard. Fourteen patients (6 RO and 8 ChRCC) were included in the prospective study. A total of 1,875 radiomic features were extracted from CT scans, alongside 632 cytobands containing 16,303 genes from the genomic data. Feature selection algorithms applied to the radiomic features resulted in 13 key features. From the genomic data, 24 cytobands highly correlated with histology were selected and cross-correlated with the radiomic features. The analysis identified four radiomic features that were strongly associated with seven genomic features. These findings demonstrate the potential of integrating radiomic and genomic data to enhance the differential diagnosis of RO and ChRCC, paving the way for more precise and non-invasive diagnostic tools in clinical practice.
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome: A Potential Regulator of B Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Yordanova Adelina , Ivanova Mariana , Tumangelova-Yuzeir Kalina , Angelov Alexander , Kyurkchiev Stanimir , Belemezova Kalina , Kurteva Ekaterina , Kyurkchiev Dobroslav , Ivanova-Todorova Ekaterina
Published: November 2024

Autoimmune diseases represent a severe personal and healthcare problem that seeks novel therapeutic solutions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with interesting cell biology and promising therapeutic potential. The immunoregulatory effects of secretory factors produced by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) were assessed on B lymphocytes from 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as defined by the 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for SLE, and 10 healthy volunteers (HVs). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients and HVs were cultured in a UC-MSC-conditioned medium (UC-MSCcm) and a control medium. Flow cytometry was used to detect the surface expression of CD80, CD86, BR3, CD40, PD-1, and HLA-DR on CD19+ B cells and assess the percentage of B cells in early and late apoptosis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantified the production of BAFF, IDO, and PGE2 in PBMCs and UC-MSCs. Under UC-MSCcm influence, the percentage and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD19+BR3+ cells were reduced in both SLE patients and HVs. Regarding the effects of the MSC secretome on B cells in lupus patients, we observed a decrease in CD40 MFI and a reduced percentage of CD19+PD-1+ and CD19+HLA-DR+ cells. In contrast, in the B cells of healthy participants, we found an increased percentage of CD19+CD80+ cells and decreased CD80 MFI, along with a decrease in CD40 MFI and the percentage of CD19+PD-1+ cells. The UC-MSCcm had a minimal effect on B-cell apoptosis. The incubation of patients’ PBMCs with the UC-MSCcm increased PGE2 levels compared to the control medium. This study provides new insights into the impact of the MSC secretome on the key molecules involved in B-cell activation and antigen presentation and survival, potentially guiding the development of future SLE treatments.
Host Immune Response to Dengue Virus Infection: Friend or Foe?
Authors: Dhole Priya , Zaidi Amir , Nariya Hardik K. , Sinha Shruti , Jinesh Sandhya , Srivastava Shivani
Published: November 2024

DENV belongs to the Flaviviridae family and possesses a single-stranded RNA genome of positive polarity. DENV infection manifests in mild subclinical forms or severe forms that may be dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Despite a lot of effort worldwide, the exact mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of severe DENV infection remains elusive. It is believed that both host and viral factors contribute to the outcome of dengue disease. The host factors are age at the time of infection, sex, nutrition, and immune status, including the presence of pre-existing antibodies or reactive T cells. Viral factors include the serotype, genotype, and mutation(s) due to error-prone RNA-dependent polymerase leading to the development of quasispecies. Accumulating bodies of literature have depicted that DENV has many ways to invade and escape the immune system of the host. These invading strategies are directed to overcome innate and adaptive immune responses. Like other viruses, once the infection is established, the host also mounts a series of antiviral responses to combat and eliminate the virus replication. Nevertheless, DENV has evolved a variety of mechanisms to evade the immune system. In this review, we have emphasized the strategies that DENV employs to hijack the host innate (interferon, IFN; toll-like receptors, TLR; major histocompatibility complex, MHC; autophagy; complement; apoptosis; RNAi) and adaptive (antibody-dependent enhancement, ADE; T cell immunity) immune responses, which contribute to the severity of DENV disease.
Soft Tissue Sarcoma with Lower Limb Impairment: Development of a Specific Rehabilitation Protocol Based on Demolitive and Reconstructive Surgery Types
Authors: Galluccio Caterina , Germanotta Marco , Valeri Sergio , Brunetti Beniamino , Vincenzi Bruno , Tenna Stefania , Pagnoni Chiara , Alloni Rossana , Angelucci Michela , Salzillo Rosa , Morelli Coppola Marco , Valeri Alice , Passa Roberto , Falchini Francesca , Pavan Arianna , Cortellini Laura , Lattanzi Stefania , Aprile Irene Giovanna
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are extremely uncommon tumors with a high rate of local recurrence that often require very demolitive surgery. The aim of our study is to propose a specific rehabilitation protocol for patients with STSs, based on the kind of demolition and reconstructive surgery performed, and evaluate its effects. Methods: The protocol was developed on the basis of the clinical experiences of physiatrists and surgeons, as well as data from the literature, recommending timelines for postural steps, verticalization, walking, and therapeutic exercises, in accordance with wound healing times and in order to prevent complications from disuse and immobility. The modified Barthel Index Scale (mBI), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Adapted Patient Evaluation Conference System (APECS), and the 10 Meter Walk Test (10 MWT) were used to clinically evaluate patients before and after the rehabilitation treatment. Results: Thirty-one patients with primary STSs were enrolled. Following the rehabilitation program, we found a statistically significant improvement in mBI (p < 0.001), APECS (p ≤ 0.001), and NRS (p = 0.001). In a subgroup of patients (n = 18) assessed with the 10 MWT, a statistically significant increase in walking speed was observed (p = 0.012). Conclusions: Patients who completed rehabilitation following the proposed protocol, customized according to the surgical intervention type, demonstrated marked improvements in motor performance, ability in daily activities, walking, and pain. The proposed protocol can assist the multidisciplinary team of surgeons, oncologists, and rehabilitators in maintaining alignment on patient management, thereby ensuring clear indications regarding the activities that patients can and cannot undertake during the recovery period.
The Impact of HIV on Early Brain Aging—A Pathophysiological (Re)View
Authors: Lazar Mihai , Moroti Ruxandra , Barbu Ecaterina Constanta , Chitu-Tisu Cristina Emilia , Tiliscan Catalin , Erculescu Teodora Maria , Rosca Ruxandra Raluca , Frasila Stefan , Schmilevschi Emma Teodora , Simion Vladimir , Duca George Theodor , Padiu Isabela Felicia , Andreescu Darie Ioan , Anton Andreea Nicoleta , Pacurar Cosmina Georgiana , Perdun Patricia Maria , Petre Alexandru Mihai , Oprea Constantin Adrian , Popescu Adelina Maria , Maria Enachiuc , Ion Daniela Adriana , Olariu Mihaela Cristina
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how HIV alters normal aging trajectories in the brain, presenting the HIV-related molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological pathways involved in brain aging. The review explores the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and viral persistence in the brain, highlighting how these factors contribute to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment and accelerate normal brain aging. Additionally, it also addresses the impact of antiretroviral therapy on brain aging and the biological markers associated with its occurrence. Methods: We extensively searched PubMed for English-language articles published from 2000 to 2024. The following keywords were used in the search: “HIV”, “brain”, “brain aging”, “neuroinflammation”, “HAART”, and “HAND”. This strategy yielded 250 articles for inclusion in our review. Results: A combination of blood-brain barrier dysfunction, with the direct effects of HIV on the central nervous system, chronic neuroinflammation, telomere shortening, neurogenesis impairments, and neurotoxicity associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART), alters and amplifies the mechanisms of normal brain aging. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that HIV infection accelerates neurodegenerative processes of normal brain aging, leading to cognitive decline and structural brain changes at an earlier age than typically observed in the general population.
Adverse Reactions to Dry Needling Therapy: Insights from Polish Physiotherapy Practice
Authors: Trybulski Robert , Kużdżał Adrian , Kiljański Marek , Gałęziok Kamil , Matuszczyk Filip , Kawczyński Adam , Clemente Filipe Manuel
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The current study aimed to characterize the adverse reactions associated with dry needling (DN) treatments reported by Polish physiotherapists, with a secondary objective of investigating whether the level of DN experience influences the occurrence of these adverse effects. Methods: A total of 102 Polish physiotherapists, all with regular DN practice, participated in an ad hoc online survey. The participants were categorized by their level of experience in DN treatment: 44 with 0–2 years, 43 with 3–6 years, and 15 with more than 7 years of experience. The survey consisted of 27 questions focused on both mild and severe adverse effects resulting from DN treatments. Results: The results showed that in the short term (over the past week), minor bleeding was the most commonly reported mild adverse effect (70%), followed closely by slightly pain during treatment (68%). Slight pain following treatment was also reported by 52% of respondents. No significant relationship was found between experience with dry needling (DN) and the reporting of mild adverse effects, with the exception of tingling (X(2) = 10.958; p = 0.004). In the retrospective analysis of the past month, most respondents reported experiencing bleeding between one and three times (49%), while bruising occurred one to three times in 44% of cases. Similarly, 44% of respondents noted pain after treatment one to three times, and 47% experienced pain during DN at this frequency. A significant interaction with DN experience was observed in the frequency of drowsiness reported over the past month (X(10) = 19.735; p = 0.032). Conclusions: Severe adverse effects were extremely rare in clinical practice: pneumothorax and shock were each reported by 3% of respondents, nerve palsy by 14%, infection by 2%, and hospitalization by 1%. In conclusion, this study suggests that most adverse effects are mild, typically involving bleeding and slight pain during or after treatment. Additionally, DN experience does not appear to be a significant factor influencing the type or prevalence of these adverse effects.
Correlation of Functional and Structural Outcomes with Serum Antibody Profiles in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated with Ranibizumab and Healthy Subjects: A Prospective, Controlled Monocenter Trial
Authors: Korb Christina A. , Gerstenberger Eva , Lorenz Katrin , Bell Katharina , Beck Anna , Scheller Yvonne , Beutgen Vanessa M. , Wolters Dominik , Grus Franz H.
Published: November 2024

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disorder, and there is growing evidence of immunological involvement in its pathogenesis. To address this, we aimed to identify biomarker candidates related to retinal antigens in patients with neovascular AMD treated with ranibizumab and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a prospective, open, parallel-group, interventional, single-center phase IV trial. Fifty subjects with neovascular AMD and twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled. The primary objective was to assess the efficacy of intravitreally (IVT) administered ranibizumab in terms of the change in best-corrected visual acuity in subjects with all subtypes of neovascular AMD and in a subgroup of pretreated AMD subjects. A secondary objective was to assess the efficacy of the same in terms of the change in central retinal thickness (CRT) in the same subjects. Another secondary objective was to identify antibodies against retinal antigens in patients with neovascular AMD treated with ranibizumab and healthy subjects. The last secondary objective was to correlate functional and structural parameters with the identified biomarker candidates to differentiate between initial and deferred responders to IVT administered ranibizumab. Serum was analyzed using customized antigen microarrays containing 58 antigens. Results: After 12 weeks of ranibizumab treatment, treated patients gained 4.02 letters on average. The central retinal thickness (CRT) measured in the complete AMD study population was significantly (p < 0.001) decreased at Week 24 compared to the baseline measurement, and the mean CRT dropped from 393.4 to 296.8 µm. A significant increase in the following autoantibodies was detected between the control group and AMD group at Week 24, as well as in the AMD group between baseline and Week 24: antibodies targeting the proteins serotransferrin, opioid growth factor receptor, 60 kDa chaperonin 2, neurotrophin-4, dermcidin, clusterin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Conclusions: The present trial was able to confirm the efficacy of ranibizumab treatment in neovascular AMD, and treatment-naïve patients benefitted the most. Up- and downregulations of antibodies were observed over the course of treatment with ranibizumab. Some antibodies seemed to have a fair correlation with the classification of initial and deferred responders.
Crossing Age Boundaries: The Unifying Potential of Presepsin in Sepsis Diagnosis Across Diverse Age Groups
Authors: de Moura Edmilson Leal Bastos , Pereira Rinaldo Wellerson
Published: November 2024

Sepsis is a pervasive condition that affects individuals of all ages, with significant social and economic consequences. The early diagnosis of sepsis is fundamental for establishing appropriate treatment and is based on warning scores and clinical characteristics, with positive microbiological cultures being the gold standard. Research has yet to identify a single biomarker to meet this diagnostic demand. Presepsin is a molecule that has the potential as a biomarker for diagnosing sepsis. In this paper, we present a narrative review of the diagnostic and prognostic performance of presepsin in different age groups. Given its particularities, it is identified that presepsin is a potential biomarker for sepsis at all stages of life.
Comparative Analysis of Real-World Clinical Outcomes of a Novel Pulsed Field Ablation System for Pulmonary Vein Isolation: The Prospective CIRCLE-PVI Study
Authors: Katov Lyuboslav , Teumer Yannick , Bothner Carlo , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Weinmann-Emhardt Karolina
Published: November 2024

Background: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) represents a novel non-thermal approach for treating atrial fibrillation (AF) through pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). By utilizing irreversible electroporation, PFA creates lesions with minimal impact on adjacent tissues. This study investigates the procedural outcomes and safety of a novel circular PFA catheter in comparison to an established PFA system in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: This prospective, single-center study enrolled 125 consecutive patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF undergoing first-time PVI with PFA at Ulm University Heart Center. Twenty-five patients underwent PFA PVI using a novel PFA system (PulseSelectTM, Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) which incorporates a new circular catheter design and additional features such as ECG-triggered energy application and phrenic nerve capture testing. In comparison, 100 patients were treated using the established PFA system (FarapulseTM, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA). Results: Acute PVI was achieved in 100% of the patients. Procedure duration, total left atrial (LA) time and fluoroscopy time remained comparable between both groups. The total number of energy deliveries was higher with the novel circular PFA catheter (34.0 vs. 32.0; p < 0.001). No procedure-related complications, including pericardial tamponade, phrenic nerve injury, atrial-esophageal fistula, vascular complications, embolisms, malignant cardiac arrhythmias, or coronary spasms were observed. Conclusions: The novel and the established PFA systems demonstrated comparable results in terms of procedure duration, fluoroscopy time, and LA time. In the hands of experienced operators, the novel circular PFA system enables an effective, consistent, and safe approach to successful PFA PVI.
Enhanced Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling Feature Fusion for Small Ship Instance Segmentation
Authors: Sharma Rabi , Saqib Muhammad , Lin C. T. , Blumenstein Michael
Published: November 2024

In the maritime environment, the instance segmentation of small ships is crucial. Small ships are characterized by their limited appearance, smaller size, and ships in distant locations in marine scenes. However, existing instance segmentation algorithms do not detect and segment them, resulting in inaccurate ship segmentation. To address this, we propose a novel solution called enhanced Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) feature fusion for small ship instance segmentation. The enhanced ASPP feature fusion module focuses on small objects by refining them and fusing important features. The framework consistently outperforms state-of-the-art models, including Mask R-CNN, Cascade Mask R-CNN, YOLACT, SOLO, and SOLOv2, in three diverse datasets, achieving an average precision (mask AP) score of 75.8% for ShipSG, 69.5% for ShipInsSeg, and 54.5% for the MariBoats datasets.
Integrating Bayesian Network and Cloud Model to Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Maritime Collision Accidents in China’s Coastal Port Waters
Authors: Li Zhuang , Zhu Xiaoming , Liao Shiguan , Yin Jianchuan , Gao Kaixian , Liu Xinliang
Published: November 2024

Ship collision accidents have a greatly adverse impact on the development of the shipping industry. Due to the uncertainty relating to these accidents, maritime risk is often difficult to accurately quantify. This study innovatively proposes a comprehensive method combining qualitative and quantitative methods to predict the risk of ship collision accidents. First, in view of the uncertain impact of risk factors, the Bayesian network analysis method was used to characterize the correlations between risk factors, and a collision accident risk assessment network model was established. Secondly, in view of the uncertainty relating to the information about risk factors, a subjective data quantification method based on the cloud model was adopted, and the quantitative reasoning of collision accident risk was determined based on multi-source data fusion. The proposed method was applied to the spatiotemporal analysis of ship collision accident risk in China’s coastal port waters. The results show that there is a higher risk of collision accidents in Guangzhou Port and Ningbo Port in China, the potential for ship collision accidents in southern China is greater, and the occurrence of ship collision accidents is most affected by the environment and operations of operators. Combining the Bayesian network and cloud model and integrating multi-source data information to conduct an accident risk assessment, this innovative analysis method has significance for improving the prevention of and response to risks of ship navigation operations in China’s coastal ports.
Trajectory Planning Method for Formation Rendezvous of Underactuated Multi-UUV Under Multiple Constraints
Authors: Wang Qingzhe , Xu Da , Liu Xiaoran , Zhang Gengshi , Han Zhao
Published: November 2024

The formation rendezvous of multiple underwater unmanned vehicles (UUVs) necessitates comprehensive consideration of various complex constraints, including kinematics, collision avoidance, and communication. However, existing methods inadequately address these constraints, making it challenging to meet practical needs. In response to these issues, this paper presents a rendezvous points allocation method and a trajectory planning method for formation rendezvous based on dynamic parameter particle swarm optimization (DPPSO) optimizing polynomial trajectories. First, various constraints involved in the formation rendezvous of UUVs are defined, including state constraints, velocity constraints, distance constraints, and turning radius constraints. Subsequently, considering the turning radius and heading angle constraints, temporary trajectories for UUVs are generated using the Dubins curve in the rendezvous points allocation. An evaluation function that accounts for trajectory length and uniformity is designed, ultimately resulting in the optimal allocation scheme. Ultimately, the polynomial trajectory planning method generates initial trajectory clusters. By integrating constraints into the DPPSO algorithm’s fitness function, the boundary conditions of the polynomial trajectories are iteratively optimized to derive trajectories that satisfy all constraints. In the simulation, the proposed method was used for rendezvous point assignment in the desired rectangular formation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method provides a rendezvous point assignment solution that meets the design requirements. Furthermore, based on the rendezvous point assignment for the rectangular formation, the method proposed in this paper was applied to trajectory planning for formation rendezvous. The simulation results show that the generated trajectory successfully achieves the formation rendezvous while satisfying multiple constraints.
Review on Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Strategy Algorithms for Offshore Floating Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Huang Lei , Pan Baoyi , Wang Shaoyong , Dong Yingrui , Mou Zihao
Published: November 2024

Floating photovoltaic systems are rapidly gaining popularity due to their advantages in conserving land resources and their high energy conversion efficiency, making them a promising option for photovoltaic power generation. However, these systems face challenges in offshore environments characterized by high salinity, humidity, and variable irradiation, which necessitate effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technologies to optimize performance. Currently, there is limited research in this area, and few reviews analyze it comprehensively. This paper provides a thorough review of MPPT techniques applicable to floating photovoltaic systems, evaluating the suitability of various methods under marine conditions. Traditional algorithms require modifications to address the drift phenomena under uniform irradiation, while different GMPPT techniques exhibit distinct strengths and limitations in partial shading conditions (PSCs). Hardware reconfiguration technologies are not suitable for offshore use, and while sampled data-based techniques are simple, they carry the risk of erroneous judgments. Intelligent technologies face implementation challenges. Hybrid algorithms, which can combine the advantages of multiple approaches, emerge as a more viable solution. This review aims to serve as a valuable reference for engineers researching MPPT technologies for floating photovoltaic systems.
Collision Avoidance for Unmanned Surface Vehicles in Multi-Ship Encounters Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process–Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Xiao Zhongming , Hou Baoyi , Ning Jun , Lin Bin , Liu Zhengjiang
Published: November 2024

Path planning and collision avoidance issues are key to the autonomous navigation of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). This study proposes an adaptive differential evolution algorithm model integrated with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP-ADE). The traditional differential evolution algorithm is enhanced by introducing an elite archive strategy and adaptively adjusting the scale factor F and the crossover factor CR to balance global and local search capabilities, preventing premature convergence and improving the search accuracy. Additionally, the collision risk index (CRI) model is optimized and combined with the quaternion ship domain, enhancing the precision of CRI calculations and USV autonomous collision avoidance capabilities. The improved CRI model, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, and the optimal collision avoidance distance were incorporated as evaluation factors in a fitness function assessment, with weights determined through the AHP to enhance the rationality and accuracy of the fitness function. The proposed AHP-ADE algorithm was compared with the improved particle swarm algorithm, and the performance of the algorithm was comprehensively evaluated using safety, economy, and operational efficiency. Simulation experiments on the MATLAB platform demonstrated that the proposed AHP-ADE algorithm exhibited better performance in scenarios involving multiple ship encounters, thus proving its effectiveness.
Global Mean Sea Level Change Projections up to 2100 Using a Weighted Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Wang Fengwei , Shen Yunzhong , Geng Jianhua , Chen Qiujie
Published: November 2024

This paper forecasts global mean sea level (GMSL) changes from 2024 to 2100 using weighted singular spectrum analysis (SSA) that considers the formal errors of the previous GMSL time series. The simulation experiments are first carried out to evaluate the performance of the weighted and traditional SSA approaches for GMSL change prediction with two evaluation indices, the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results show that all the RMSEs and MAEs of the weighted SSA are smaller than those of the traditional SSA, indicating that the weighed SSA can predict GMSL changes more accurately than the traditional SSA. The real GMSL change rate derived from weighted SSA is approximately 1.70 ± 0.02 mm/year for 1880–2023, and the predicted GMSL changes with the first two reconstructed components reaches 796.75 ± 55.92 mm by 2100, larger than the 705.25 ± 53.73 mm predicted with traditional SSA, with respect to the baseline from 1995 to 2014. According to the sixth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR6), the GMSL change by 2100 is 830.0 ± 152.42 mm/year with the high-emission scenarios is closer to weighted SSA than traditional SSA, though SSA predictions are within the prediction range of IPCC AR6. Therefore, the weighted SSA can provide an alternative future GMSL rise prediction.
Microbiological Aspects and Enzymatic Characterization of Curvularia kusanoi L7: Ascomycete with Great Biomass Degradation Potentialities
Authors: Alberto Vazquez Maryen , Saa Luis Rodrigo , Valiño Elaine , Torta Livio , Laudicina Vito Armando
Published: November 2024

The complex structure of the plant cell wall makes it difficult to use the biomass produced by biosynthesis. For this reason, the search for new strains of microorganisms capable of efficiently degrading fiber is a topic of interest. For these reasons, the present study aimed to evaluate both the microbiological and enzymatic characteristics of the fungus Curvularia kusanoi L7strain. For this, its growth in different culture media was evaluated. Wheat straw mineralization was evaluated by gas chromatography assisted by infrared spectroscopy. The production of endo- and exoglucanase, laccase, and peroxidase enzymes in submerged solid fermentation of wheat and sugarcane bagasse were characterized. The strain efficiently mineralized raw wheat straw, showing a significant decrease in signals associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the infrared spectra. High enzyme productions were achieved in submerged solid fermentation of both substrates, highlighting the high production of endoglucanases in sugarcane bagasse (2.87 IU/mL) and laccases in wheat (1.64 IU/mL). It is concluded that C. kusanoi L7 is an ascomycete with a versatile enzyme production that allows it to exhaustively degrade complex fibers such as raw wheat straw and sugar cane bagasse, making it a microorganism with great potential in the bioconversion of plant biomass.
Exploring the Application of Neurostructural Principles to the Design of Public Spaces on University Campuses
Authors: Zhou Qihang , Fang Xingxing
Published: November 2024

In this study, we examined the application of neurostructural principles to the design of public spaces on university campuses to optimize students’ learning efficiency, social interactions, and psychological well-being. Using Hainan University in China as a case study, a descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the case study design of the data. Data on students’ preferences for and satisfaction with public learning spaces (libraries, student centers, and open learning areas) were also collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on the four stages of the AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action) model and covered basic information about the participants and their first impressions of the learning spaces, design element preferences, emotional and cognitive influences, and willingness to participate in improving the design of campus spaces. Data were analyzed using quantitative methods, including frequency analysis and score aggregation, to assess the students’ satisfaction with the existing design elements of the learning space and their suggestions for potential improvements. A random sample of students enrolled at Hainan University was used to ensure that the data were representative. The results of the study indicate that the rational allocation of natural light, the optimization of the acoustic environment, the adoption of soothing color schemes, and flexible spatial layouts are effective at relieving students’ psychological stress, enhancing their academic performance, and facilitating social interactions. Some of the existing designs are already in line with neurostructural principles, but there is still room for improvement, especially in terms of color schemes and spatial configurations. Students have positive attitudes towards participating in campus space improvement, with especially high interest in light optimization, spatial layout, and the use of natural materials. This study verifies the effectiveness of using neural structure principles in campus public spaces by establishing an empirical model, proves its positive effect on the quality of the campus environment and students’ well-being, and provides empirical evidence and theoretical support for future campus design.
Prediction Model of Late Fetal Growth Restriction with Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Lee Seon Ui , Choi Sae Kyung , Jo Yun Sung , Wie Jeong Ha , Shin Jae Eun , Kim Yeon Hee , Kil Kicheol , Ko Hyun Sun
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aimed to develop a clinical model to predict late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods: This retrospective study included seven hospitals and was conducted between January 2009 and December 2020. Two sets of variables from the first trimester until 13 weeks (E1) and the early third trimester until 28 weeks (T1) were used to develop the FGR prediction models using a machine learning algorithm. The dataset was randomly divided into training and test sets (7:3 ratio). A simplified prediction model using variables with XGBoost’s embedded feature selection was developed and validated. Results: Precisely 32,301 patients met the eligibility criteria. In the prediction model for the whole cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.73 at E1 and 0.78 at T1 and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPR) was 0.23 at E1 and 0.31 at T1 in the training set, while an AUC of 0.62 at E1 and 0.73 at T1 and an AUPR if 0.13 at E1, and 0.24 at T1 were obtained in the test set. The simplified prediction model performed similarly to the original model. Conclusions: A simplified machine learning model for predicting late FGR may be useful for evaluating individual risks in the early third trimester.