bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
After START: Hurdles Ahead
Authors: Pifer Steven
Published: May 2020

The Obama administration regards a post-START treaty as the first step in a continuing process of nuclear arms reductions. But this will prove the last ‘easy’ nuclear arms control agreement between Washington and Moscow.
Will Moscow Help with Trouble Spots?
Authors: Fedorov Yury E.
Published: May 2020

Russia is content to play a parasitic role regarding the world's trouble spots and Western—above all, American—involvement in them.
Why Russia Is So Russian
Authors: Kuchins Andrew C.
Published: May 2020

Since Vladimir Putin became president in 2000, the more traditional themes that marked the continuity between Russian czarist and Soviet foreign policy have gradually come to predominate.
Emerging Multipolarity: Why Should We Care?
Authors: Posen Barry R.
Published: May 2020

Isolation is perhaps the most dangerous situation in multipolarity, so states will pay close and constant attention to the game of coalition building.
Power Shuffle: Will the Coming Transition Be Peaceful?
Authors: Gartzke Erik
Published: May 2020

If the transition to a new power structure is abrupt or uneven, or if it is difficult for leaders to ascertain what exactly has come to pass, then the risk of conflict will increase.
The World's Water Challenge
Authors: Peterson Erik R. , Posner Rachel A.
Published: May 2020

If oil is the key geopolitical resource of today, water will be as important—if not more so—in the not-so-distant future.
Taking the Measure of Global Aid
Authors: Severino Jean-Michel , Ray Olivier
Published: May 2020

International development assistance has in effect been assigned a new grand purpose: managing interdependencies in a globalized world.
Obama and Latin America: New Beginnings, Old Frictions
Authors: Shifter Michael
Published: May 2020

Signs of frustration are unmistakable in Washington and in many Latin American capitals, despite Obama's immense personal appeal and the continued promise of a more productive partnership.
The Return of Continuismo?
Authors: McConnell Shelley A.
Published: May 2020

Latin America is witnessing an all-too-familiar pattern of presidents' manipulating the constitutional framework to seek additional terms in office.
East Europe Rides Out the Economic Storm
Authors: Bugajski Janusz
Published: May 2020

Predictions of massive social unrest, political breakdown, or reformist reversals have, to date anyway, proved misplaced.
The Making of a (Partly) New Order
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book recounts how the West won the cold war but lost an opportunity to develop a new strategic architecture for Europe.
At the Cemetery Gates?
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book assesses the challenges facing America and its allies in Afghanistan. Many of the challenges are compounded by strategic errors committed by the Bush administration.
Nigeria's Season of Uncertainty
Authors: Joseph Richard , Gillies Alexandra
Published: May 2020

Three years after Nigerians gave the largely unknown Yar'Adua the benefit of the doubt despite his disputed electoral victory, their hopes again rest with an untested leader.
The Rape of Zimbabwe
Authors: Rotberg Robert I.
Published: May 2020

Ending Robert Mugabe's purge of his country's human and physical capital will require more pressure smartly applied, particularly by neighboring nations.
Australia Faces a Changing Asia
Authors: Wesley Michael
Published: May 2020

Tensions between Australia's strategic alignment and its economic alignment … heighten Canberra's anxieties about having to choose between security and prosperity in the event of a confrontation between the United States and China.
Japan's Long Road to Competitive Politics
Authors: Vogel Steven
Published: May 2020

The Democratic Party of Japan achieved a historic victory in 2009, one that will have a lasting impact on Japanese politics. Yet the party since then has delivered … too much political overhaul and too little policy substance.
The Uncertain Fate of “Chindia”
Authors: Sharma Shalendra D.
Published: May 2020

Although Sino-Indian relations have greatly improved over the past decade, … [u]nresolved territorial disputes, China's unconditional support of Pakistan, and growing competition for energy resources and regional influence could quickly derail hard-won gains.
Turbulence in the Climate Regime
Authors: Peake Stephen
Published: May 2020

The global climate change regime ‥‥ was once considered an elegant, ground-breaking area of multinational environmental law [but] is now looking decidedly complex, increasingly weary, and, to some, unfit for its purpose.
Iraq Struggles to Govern Itself
Authors: Serwer Daniel
Published: May 2020

‘Success’ in Baghdad may include a Shiite-dominated government relatively friendly to Tehran, an outcome that the Americans are still trying to avoid but that they may ultimately have to accept.
Gazing Across the Divides
Authors: Crowder Lucien
Published: May 2020

Global economic trends at the start of the new year suggest fundamentally diverging prospects for rich nations (not promising) and developing countries (considerably better).
The Famous Dutch (In)Tolerance
Authors: Erk Jan
Published: May 2020

Variations of Geert Wilders's xenophobic message are shared by the majority of the political parties represented in the Dutch parliament.
Aging Europe's Demographic Destiny: Framing the Challenges Ahead
Authors: Harper Sarah
Published: May 2020

It appears likely that the twentieth-century approach of many aging European societies—relying on migrant workers from a younger, poorer South to prop up their economies—will no longer be a viable option in the coming decades.…
A Tale of Two Polities
Authors: Dadush Uri
Published: May 2020

Why have the fiscal paths of the United Kingdom (radical budget cuts) and the United States (extended tax cuts) diverged so dramatically?
When India Starved and Britain Stood By
Authors: Ganguly Sumit
Published: May 2020

A new book documents a tragic episode during World War II, when Winston Churchill could not be bothered to prevent starvation that killed nearly 4 million Indians.
Sudan on the Cusp
Authors: Williamson Richard S.
Published: May 2020

The appointed date for southern Sudan's separation fast approaches…. Once separation does take place, both north and south will still face a multitude of stress points, risks, and challenges.
Kabila's Congo: Hardly “Post-Conflict”
Authors: Turner Thomas
Published: May 2020

The real question is not whether Kabila will win reelection, but how he has survived for 10 years in the presidency.
Japan's Post-Catastrophe Politics
Authors: Vogel Steven
Published: May 2020

Japan's political leaders have failed to deliver decisive action precisely when the country needed it most—when it faced its most devastating crisis since World War II.
Is There a Proper Sequence in Democratic Transitions?
Authors: Fukuyama Francis
Published: May 2020

Stable democracy does not depend on a rigid set of preconditions, and has emerged in many surprising circumstances.
Letter from Damascus: Will Syria Descend into Civil War?
Authors: Moubayed Sami
Published: May 2020

Many in the opposition are now saying the regime is stronger than they had imagined.
Destructive Creation and the New World Disorder
Authors: Harris Paul , Sarewitz Daniel
Published: May 2020

To promote innovation through scientific and technological advance is also to promote social change—often radical social change.
Why the World Is More Peaceful
Authors: Pinker Steven
Published: May 2020

On top of all the benefits that modernity has brought us in health, experience, and knowledge, we can add its role in the reduction of violence.
Mexico's Big, Inherited Challenges
Authors: Starr Pamela K.
Published: May 2020

The 2011 election…will take place amid popular disappointment with Calderón's presidency and a widespread perception that it has left the country worse off than it was five years ago.
Why Austerity Isn't Working in Greece
Authors: Hess Franklin L.
Published: May 2020

The EU ought to…take a more pragmatic approach toward both the country's finances and the euro zone's economic future.
Europe's Threatened Solidarity
Authors: Jones Erik
Published: May 2020

Left unchecked, the current crisis could reshape almost everything from money and finance to security and defense, and from welfare state institutions to immigration policy.
The Fate of India's Strategic Restraint
Authors: Dasgupta Sunil
Published: May 2020

Managing New Delhi's participation in the Afghan endgame will be critical, and it will require a review of US-India policy in Washington.
The Enduring Madrasa Myth
Authors: Fair C. Christine
Published: May 2020

[W]idespread acceptance of the purported ties between Islamic schools and militancy in Pakistan relies on a number of empirically flawed assumptions and assertions….
The Election That Could Reorder South Korea's Politics
Authors: Shin Gi-Wook
Published: May 2020

Electing a new Korean president … will have far-reaching political and policy ramifications, both domestic and foreign, perhaps greater than ever in recent history.
Why Moscow Fears Arab Unrest
Authors: Mankoff Jeffrey
Published: May 2020

Throughout the upheaval in the Arab world, Moscow has been firmly on the side of the status quo.…
Central Asia Grows Wobbly
Authors: McGlinchey Eric
Published: May 2020

Aging autocrats and an absence of clear succession mechanisms make a combination that, if not soon addressed, will lead to political upheaval.…
Fighting Wars for Human Rights
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book recounts the history of the international human rights movement, a movement that of late has become in part an instrument of war.
Iraq Untethered
Authors: Serwer Daniel
Published: May 2020

Iraq is still in search of internal equilibrium and its proper international role after the trauma of more than thirty years of Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship and eight years of American military occupation’ .
Argentina's Democratic Decay
Authors: Schamis Hector E.
Published: May 2020

[D]emocracy is at risk of losing its meaning and purpose in the hands of presidents who, while freely elected, crush freedom once in office.
Reinvent the Summit of the Americas
Authors: Farnsworth Eric
Published: May 2020

Spoiler nations shouldn't be allowed to prevent progress on a common regional agenda among democracies willing to work with Washingon.
Haiti and the Crisis Caravan
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book meditates on Haiti before and since the 2010 earthquake, and about the do-gooders who visit, armed with “a kind of condescension filled with pity.”
France's Struggle to Compete
Authors: Tiersky Ronald
Published: May 2020

German economic dynamism still complicates French prosperity, but as the euro zone states struggle out of the financial crisis, it is clear that Germany and other EU partners also undergird France's economic resilience.
Nepal's Constitutional Crisis
Authors: Adhikari Aditya
Published: May 2020

[T]he struggle for power between the Maoists and the traditional political parties has dominated much of Nepal's politics for the past seven years.
In Pakistan, a New Focus for Counterterrorism
Authors: Chaudhary Shamila N.
Published: May 2020

A spike in Sunni-Shiite violence, increasing collaboration between sectarian and insurgent groups, and US forces' drawdown in neighboring Afghanistan warrant a fresh review of counterterrorism strategy in Pakistan.
Afghanistan's Unpromising Endgame
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

Three new books examine how it happened that, 12 years after going to war in Afghanistan, the United States and its allies are preparing to withdraw from a nation still largely ungovernable and pervaded by corruption, warlordism, and insecurity.
The Jobs Crisis Behind Nigeria's Unrest
Authors: Meagher Kate
Published: May 2020

Celebration of Nigeria's economic recovery sits awkwardly with the realities of catastrophic poverty and unemployment in both the north and the south of the country.
Making the Most of Africa's Growth
Authors: Christiaensen Luc , Devarajan Shantayanan
Published: May 2020

Direct dividend transfer programs are promising as an additional instrument to reduce inequality and increase the poverty-reducing powers of economic growth in resource-rich countries.
Yudhoyono's Legacy: Between Politics and Principle
Authors: Tan Paige Johnson
Published: May 2020

[W]hen he departs the presidency in 2014, Yudhoyono will leave an Indonesia in which politics, while messy, is increasingly played according to the rules. …
Trauma and Triumphalism in Malaysia
Authors: Welsh Bridget
Published: May 2020

[T]he incumbent forces have reformulated old strategies to deflect contenders for power while narrowing the political space for substantive reform.
Can the Korean Princelings Make Progress?
Authors: Armstrong Charles
Published: May 2020

North and South Korea's leaders are both scions of ruling families with a history of mutual hostility. Still, there is cause to hope that the South's Park Geun-hye will try what is long overdue: clear-headed, sustained engagement with the North.
China's Shame and Rejuvenation
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

The authors of a new history of modern China argue that nationalism, not communism, has propelled the country's political evolution and its rise as an international power.
Georgia's Rocky Path to Democracy
Authors: George Julie A.
Published: May 2020

[T]he essential story of Georgian politics is a gradual, long-term trend: the slow growth in popular expectations of an accountable government that engages in fair economic and political play.
The Future of European Capitalism
Authors: Eichengreen Barry
Published: May 2020

It almost seems as if the European economic model is continuously experiencing an existential crisis.
The Great Enrichment Continues
Authors: McCloskey Deirdre Nansen
Published: May 2020

Capitalism has raised living standards worldwide by a thousandfold. Societies that respect innovation and entrepreneurship can expect more of the same.
Propaganda and Power in the Middle East
Authors: Nakhleh Emile
Published: May 2020

“The youth revolts … have shown that while regimes might be able to play the Islamic radicalism and sectarianism cards to bolster their hold on power in the short term, this is a failing strategy in the long run.” Third in a series on soft power around the world.
Storms of the Arab Spring
Authors: Dunne Michele
Published: May 2020

Three years ago, the Arab people rose up to demand bread, dignity, and freedom. While reactionary forces have proven resilient, there is no going back to the old status quo.
Converging Economic Destinies
Authors: Dadush Uri
Published: May 2020

Multitudes are escaping poverty in developing nations while rich economies stagnate.
Making Room for Rising Powers
Authors: Narlikar Amrita
Published: May 2020

New heavyweights have their own preferences when it comes to global burden sharing.
A Hundred Years of Current History
Authors: Lustig Joshua
Published: May 2020

An anniversary occasions a look back through this magazine's archives.
The Long View of Terrorism
Authors: Crenshaw Martha
Published: May 2020

The deep roots of extremist violence make military responses in most cases ineffective.
The Persistence of the Two Perus
Authors: Arce Moises
Published: May 2020

The governments of Toledo, Garciía, and currently Humala have embraced and deepened the economic liberalization policies that were set in place by Fujimori.
Can Africa Turn from Recovery to Development?
Authors: Mkandawire Thandika
Published: May 2020

For more than a decade, African policy making was limited to a narrow space prescribed by the Washington Consensus. Things are changing now, facilitated by the collapse of that doctrine.
Revolution, Reform, and Stasis in the Maghreb
Authors: Volpi Frédéric
Published: May 2020

Beyond idealistic notions of an 'Arab Spring' that would bring forth liberal democracies throughout the region, today there is a realization that many shades of gray remain in the (formal and informal) institutional orders after the uprisings.
China's Bullying No Match for US Pacific Power
Authors: Cumings Bruce
Published: May 2020

Beijing's grabs for puny islands have alarmed and alienated smaller countries in the region. But Washington doesn't need to “pivot” to Asia–it's been in charge there for decades.
Forbidden Memories of 1989
Authors: Merkel-Hess Kate
Published: May 2020

New books by Evan Osnos and Louisa Lim show the profound dissonance between official amnesia and personal recollections of the Tiananmen tragedy.
How to Avoid a New Cold War
Authors: Charap Samuel , Shapiro Jeremy
Published: May 2020

[T]here is a need to find a balance between sanctioning Russia for its recent transgressions of international norms and keeping the door open for better relations in the future.
Genocidal Legacies of the Great War
Authors: Levene Mark
Published: May 2020

[T]he war undoubtedly acted as a major catalyst to an aspect of the modern world we have seen time and time again, namely the mobilization of ethnic groups by great powers for their own geopolitical interests.
The Economic Consequences of the War and the Peace
Authors: Clavin Patricia
Published: May 2020

The modern, globalized economy had emerged with vigor and reach in the nineteenth century, but was no more a guarantor of domestic or world peace after 1918 than it had been in 1914.
Obama's Middle East Headaches
Authors: Norton Augustus Richard
Published: May 2020

Barack Obama has tried to reduce American involvement in the region, but events keep pulling him back in. Iraq and Syria are spiraling out of control, while allies only make things worse.
The Power Paradox
Authors: Narlikar Amrita
Published: May 2020

As developing countries have come to exercise greater voice and more effective veto power, multilateral processes have deadlocked and rich countries have preferred to transfer their negotiating efforts to alternative forums.
The Root Causes of the Central American Crisis
Authors: Cruz José Miguel
Published: May 2020

[T]he ceaseless undocumented migration from Central America can be traced back to institutional failures that have blocked the development of peaceful societies under the democratic rule of law. …
Curtains for Argentina's Kirchner Era
Authors: Murillo M. Victoria
Published: May 2020

In 2014, the currency devaluation and inflationary spike dented the president's popularity and eroded perceptions of her government's economic competence.
Old Ways and New Alternatives in Brazilian Politics
Authors: Hochstetler Kathryn , Oliveira Marília
Published: May 2020

Winning higher office requires building cross-party electoral coalitions at lower levels; governing requires different coalitions that may be only partially related to the electoral alliances.
Nationalism and Globalization in Latin America
Authors: Siekmeier James
Published: May 2020

“Latin American nationalism is unique in comparison with the nationalisms of other regions in the developing world because it achieved political independence at least a century before it gained social and economic independence.” Fifth in a series on resurgent nationalism around the world.
Europe's Embers of Nationalism
Authors: O'Leary Brendan
Published: May 2020

There are dangerous sparks and embers of national, ethnic, and cultural conflict throughout the continent, capable of causing new conflicts and reanimating old ones, but they are mostly subdued by historical standards.
Europe's Tragic Political Economy
Authors: Jones Erik
Published: May 2020

[T]he deeper problem is that European policy makers emphasize consensus over solidarity, pay more attention to principle than to interdependence, and weaken common institutions. …
Can Modi Deliver a New India?
Authors: Varadarajan Siddharth
Published: May 2020

[D]espite the global goodwill, economic good fortune, and political triumphs Modi has enjoyed, questions are increasingly being asked about his capacity to deliver on the promises that won him the election.
War-Weary Pakistan's Internal Divides
Authors: Iqtidar Humeira
Published: May 2020

[T]he decade and a half of demands placed on the army since the start of the war have opened up a growing chasm within the ranks that is beginning to threaten its viability as the main arm of American influence …
Bangladesh and the Global Climate Debate
Authors: Haque Masroora , Huq Saleemul
Published: May 2020

Bangladesh, which is particularly exposed to the consequences of climate change and suffered two devastating cyclones in recent years, has taken a leading role … in advocating new international commitments to support countries that bear the heaviest burden of loss and damage.
Citizenship Reborn in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nira
Published: May 2020

The unexpected ouster of an authoritarian president in January's election was the result of a slow-burning citizens' uprising. Will this revival of civil society lead to lasting progress?
Nigeria's New Democratic Dawn?
Authors: Kendhammer Brandon
Published: May 2020

[W]hile the March election map shows how divided the country still is in many respects, the peaceful turnover is a chance to build a greater sense of national solidarity around democratic institutions.
The International Criminal Court and the Making of a Kenyan President
Authors: Lynch Gabrielle
Published: May 2020

[T]he ICC's intervention did not help prompt a political transition, but was instead effectively framed as an injustice and used by the defendants and their supporters to mobilize political support.
New Spaces, New Controls: China's Embryonic Public Sphere
Authors: Veg Sebastian
Published: May 2020

[T]he privatization of the economy, technical innovations on the Internet, and the sinophone sphere of debate have combined to create new spaces for informed discussion of topics that are officially banned …
The End of Ambiguity in Russia
Authors: Greene Samuel A.
Published: May 2020

The narrative underpinning all of these shifts—the construction of a new hierarchy of power, the unrelenting attacks on the opposition, the rise of confrontation with the United States—was one of threat.
China and Russia's Soft Competition in Central Asia
Authors: Pantucci Raffaello
Published: May 2020

China is the increasingly dominant power in the region, but it is acting in full concordance with Russia.
The Decay of the Russian Public Sphere
Authors: Etkind Alexander
Published: May 2020

[A]lthough the level of political control in Putin's Russia is not much different from what was typical for the late Soviet period, the means of control have changed entirely. Second in a series on public spheres around the world.
The Urban-Rural Gap and the Dilemma of Governance
Authors: Krishna Anirudh
Published: May 2020

For generations, this urban bias in policy making, inherited from colonial times, has stunted the growth of human capital among the vast rural populations of [developing] countries.
How Genetic Engineering Can Help Small Farmers in Developing Countries
Authors: Thomson Jennifer A.
Published: May 2020

Genetically modified crops alone are not enough to assure that smallholder farmers will prosper, but they can help to improve their livelihoods.
Growth, the Environment, and Development in the Anthropocene
Authors: Gupta Joyeeta
Published: May 2020

Unlike the developed world, which is locked into its production-, consumption-, and infrastructure-intensive lifestyles, the developing countries still have multiple options.
A Better Model for Foreign Aid
Authors: Savedoff William D.
Published: May 2020

The most promising new paradigm calls for providing aid based on results, without … demanding adherence to particular plans.
Can the ‘Great Surge' Continue?
Authors: Lustig Joshua
Published: May 2020

In his new book, Steven Radelet hails the historic advances of developing nations over the past couple of decades in health, education, and poverty reduction, but hedges his bets on the future.
A Bold Call for Middle Eastern Feminism
Authors: Moghadam Valentine M.
Published: May 2020

In her new book, Mona Eltahawy argues that a sexual revolution is needed in the region to overcome religious ideologies that oppress women's rights. Without progress toward gender equality, broader political reforms are bound to fail.
Strangers in the Public Sphere
Authors: Lustig Joshua
Published: May 2020

After the Paris massacres, a polemical essay and a novel provide alternative perspectives on the religious and colonial roots of the present state of emergency.
Brazil in the Crucible of Crisis
Authors: Taylor Matthew M.
Published: May 2020

Whichever way the impeachment train rolls, the … crisis has opened new fissures in a democratic system that has been in place only since 1985.
Term Limits and Beyond: Africa's Democratic Hurdles
Authors: LeBas Adrienne
Published: May 2020

Executives are able to act with impunity because there is no strong, organized opposition to challenge entrenched incumbents and push them toward a genuine political opening.
Can the US and China Coexist in Asia?
Authors: Beeson Mark
Published: May 2020

The absence of effective regional institutions means that the geopolitical competition between the United States and China is likely to play out without the constraining influence such organizations can provide …
Democratic Backsliding and the Reach of ISIS in Southeast Asia
Authors: Kurlantzick Joshua
Published: May 2020

Governments in Southeast Asia have adopted policies that are fueling militancy by restricting freedoms and fostering authoritarianism.
Mao's Ordinary People
Authors: Thornton Patricia M.
Published: May 2020

The latest in a string of recent books on the Cultural Revolution focuses on the experience at the grassroots, where violent upheaval unexpectedly ended in the return of capitalism.
Mexicans in the United States: In Pursuit of Inclusion
Authors: Alonso Alexandra Délano
Published: May 2020

The disadvantages faced by Mexican migrants, the challenges of their integration into US society, and the question of the rights due to noncitizens are at the core of the immigration debate in the United States.
A Mixed-Up World
Authors: Korom Frank J.
Published: May 2020

A new book seeks to explain how diaspora cultures interact to form new creole blends. From London to the Caribbean, carnival season can be a mashup of politics and heritage.
Labor Rights in the Age of Global Supply Chains
Authors: Mosley Layna
Published: May 2020

[C]hanging the incentives for governments in developing countries is probably necessary—albeit not sufficient—to achieve sustained improvements for workers.
Visions of a Borderless World
Authors: Sigona Nando
Published: May 2020

Donald Trump vows to build a wall while Europe tries to pull up the drawbridge. A new book argues that borders violently enforce inequality, barring the global poor from prosperity.
The Challenges of Formalizing Labor in Latin America
Authors: Carnes Matthew E.
Published: May 2020

The most important question concerning labor in Latin American today is how … to achieve a meaningful incorporation of all citizens of working age and ability in the workforce.
Venezuela's Manmade Disaster
Authors: McCarthy Michael M.
Published: May 2020

The deterioration of Venezuelan democracy that precipitated Chávez's rise and then worsened under his rule has devolved into a turn toward outright authoritarianism under Maduro.
India's Weakened Unions Face a Push for Reform
Authors: Teitelbaum Emmanuel
Published: May 2020

Ironically, the interests and objectives of union leaders may align with those of the ruling coalition: employment growth in the organized sector is essential to the labor movement's survival in the coming decades, just as it is for the survival of the Modi government.
Demonetization in India: One More Rock in the River
Authors: Krishna Anirudh
Published: May 2020

An attempt to curb tax evasion by taking large-denomination bills out of circulation overnight imposed new hardships on an Indian populace long accustomed to capricious government initiatives.
The Contentious Politics of African Urbanization
Authors: Paller Jeffrey W.
Published: May 2020

The prospects for sustainable urban development are embedded in larger political struggles.
AIDS in Africa: Progress and Obstacles
Authors: Mojola Sanyu A.
Published: May 2020

Many African countries are still a long way from being able to sustain their own prevention and treatment efforts, and continued momentum is dependent on global funding and support.
South Africa's Divided Working-Class Movements
Authors: Paret Marcel
Published: May 2020

South Africa's organized labor movement is now, arguably, weaker and more fragmented than at any other time in the past three decades. Disagreement over how unions should relate to the ruling party, the ANC, is central to this fragmentation.
A New President Aims to Change South Korea's Course
Authors: Kang David C.
Published: May 2020

The reality is that powerful business and political clans are deeply embedded in Korean society and unlikely to disappear anytime soon.
Trump and the Asia-Pacific: Do the Ties Still Bind?
Authors: Beeson Mark
Published: May 2020

The possibility of miscalculation or accident is already high at a time when the region is undergoing major geopolitical change, and when questions about international leadership are much more unsettled than we might have guessed only a few short months ago.
The Russian Orthodox Church's Conservative Crusade
Authors: Stoeckl Kristina
Published: May 2020

The Russian Orthodox Church has emerged as a powerful force for cultural, social, and political conservatism.
The Liberal World Order Loses Its Leader
Authors: Bukovansky Mlada
Published: May 2020

[T]he United States is voluntarily abdicating much of its global leadership role. And it is doing so in what appears to be a fit of petulance, as though it has been aggrieved and made into a victim by the very international order it helped to build.
Arabia Infelix: The War Devouring Yemen
Authors: Carapico Sheila
Published: May 2020

What began as a popular uprising against a corrupt dictatorship has been overtaken by a struggle for regional supremacy, with the Middle East's poorest country as sacrificial victim.
The Enigma of the Arab Uprisings
Authors: Kraidy Marwan M.
Published: May 2020

Did the same pro-market economic policies that gave rise to the Arab Spring also doom the would-be revolutionaries by sapping their capacity for envisioning radical alternatives?
Ecuador's Unexpected Transition
Authors: Conaghan Catherine M.
Published: May 2020

Rather than take marching orders from the outgoing president, Moreno distanced his government from the authoritarianism and corruption of the Correa era.
Race and Rising Inequality in Cuba
Authors: Hansing Katrin
Published: May 2020

Afro-Cubans, who were once considered the backbone of the revolution, for the most part are being left out of the island's new opportunities …
The Radical Right's Gains in the Heart of Europe
Authors: Art David
Published: May 2020

Xenophobic nationalists have entered Germany's federal parliament and Austria's ruling coalition. Will the far right shed its pariah status or will it succumb to infighting as it has in the past?
India's Turbulent Ascent
Authors: Ganguly Sumit
Published: May 2020

India has emerged onto the global stage after decades of adherence to strategic nonalignment and protectionist trade rules limited its influence. But triumphalism is premature.
European Missteps on Controlling African Migration
Authors: Hirt Nicole
Published: May 2020

In the long run, a policy whose main focus is on improving so-called border management in countries that are known to trample human rights and disrespect the rule of law cannot be successful.
The Nature of Chinese Capital in Africa
Authors: Taylor Scott D.
Published: May 2020

A new study of Chinese projects in one African nation offers a nuanced picture of a distinct type of state-led foreign investment often caricatured as a rapacious new form of imperialism.
Chinese Australians Face a Foreign Influence Panic
Authors: Gao Jia
Published: May 2020

The most disturbing aspect of the debate is the impact it is having on Chinese Australians who want to successfully integrate into Australian society.
Trump, Kim, and an Uncanny Diplomatic Opening
Authors: Cumings Bruce
Published: May 2020

For all his bluster, Donald Trump may have recognized what US strategy long refused to acknowledge: North Korea is ready to discuss denuclearization in exchange for recognition and respect.
Armenia's Unfinished Revolution
Authors: Ishkanian Armine
Published: May 2020

The revolution … ended the hopelessness, apathy, and indifference that had come to characterize the post-Soviet period.
The Kremlin and the Thieves' World
Authors: Ries Nancy
Published: May 2020

A definitive history of organized crime in Russia shows how political leaders have long used gangsters to serve the state's purposes.
Southern Discontent Spurs an Iraqi Protest Movement
Authors: Ali Zahra , Khalaf Safaa
Published: May 2020

The security and military apparatus that was trained, armed, and strengthened in the fight against the Islamic State is now being used to repress political activism against the Iraqi regime.
The Libyan Unraveling
Authors: Pargeter Alison
Published: May 2020

After intervening to help topple an eccentric dictator in 2012, the United States and its allies have stood aside and watched as rival militias tear apart a country lacking civil institutions.
As the Stakes Rise, Climate Action Loses Momentum
Authors: Busby Joshua
Published: May 2020

Backsliding on the Paris Agreement by the United States and others is steering the globe down a dangerous path toward runaway climate change.
Heat But Little Light: Peru's Memory Debates
Authors: Vergara Alberto
Published: May 2020

Peruvians are bitterly divided over how—or even whether—the terrible violence that engulfed the country in the 1980s and '90s should be remembered.
Social Policy and the New Middle Class in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Inglot Tomasz
Published: May 2020

“The region has seen a radical shift from widespread unemployment to labor shortages, a historic expansion in higher-education opportunities, and unprecedented mass migration to the West.” Seventh in a series on social mobility around the world.
Obstacles to Social Mobility in India—And the Way Forward
Authors: Krishna Anirudh
Published: May 2020

“For many … significant upward mobility remains a doubtful prospect, while substantial downward mobility is a real possibility.” Eighth in a series on social mobility around the world.
Sri Lanka's Post—Civil War Problems
Authors: DeVotta Neil , Ganguly Sumit
Published: May 2020

Sri Lanka's ethnoreligious divisions are bound to continue as long as the likes of Rajapaksa dominate the island's political scene.
Everyday Life in a Post-Slavery Society
Authors: Greene Sandra E.
Published: May 2020

In Mauritania, where slavery remained legal until 1981, women descended from slaves are taking charge of their lives and redefining their identities.
Escape from Jakarta?
Authors: Kusno Abidin
Published: May 2020

The lack of planning can be understood as an art of governing, for it ensures the operation of informality.
Gay Marriage in Taiwan and The Struggle for Recognition
Authors: Chiang Howard
Published: May 2020

Advances for minority rights in Taiwan may help make the case for independence at a time when China has increased pressure for reunification and faces protests in Hong Kong.
Latvia's Russian Questions
Authors: Platt Kevin M. F.
Published: May 2020

Many ethnic Russians in the Baltic state are still excluded from full citizenship and tend to be susceptible to Moscow's influence through cross-border media.
Tourism and Its Discontents in the Global South
Authors: Cheer Joseph
Published: May 2020

Rather than assuming that host communities must serve the industry, expectations should be adjusted so that tourism genuinely aligns with those communities' own priorities.
The Rise of Data-Driven Governance
Authors: Chandler David
Published: May 2020

“Data-driven governance assumes the need for constant adaptation to change.” Fourth in a series on ways of governing.
Are We at a Climate Tipping Point?
Authors: McElwee Pamela
Published: May 2020

Political leaders once again failed to commit to adequate action against climate change, but its increasingly visible impacts have galvanized citizen activists.
Who Gains from Our Online Lives?
Authors: Ebeling Mary F. E.
Published: May 2020

Two books detail how global technology giants vacuum up all the data they can get on consumers, the better to serve them on a platter to digital capitalists and colonizers.
The Impact of Atorvastatin on Cardiac Performance for Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Fu Lin , Shang Xiaoyang , Zhang Xiaoshan
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The efficacy of atorvastatin for dilated cardiomyopathy remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of atorvastatin on cardiac performance for dilated cardiomyopathy.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through February 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of atorvastatin on cardiac performance for dilated cardiomyopathy. This meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model.
Results: Five RCTs involving 401 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control groups for dilated cardiomyopathy, atorvastatin treatment resulted in a significantly positive impact on left ventricular ejection fraction (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33 to 0.84; P < .00001), 6-minute walk test (SMD = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.27 to 1.31; P = .003), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (SMD = –0.60; 95% CI = –1.18 to –0.01; P = .04), left ventricular systolic volume (SMD = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.79; P = .03), low-density lipoprotein (SMD = –1.37; 95% CI = –1.92 to –0.82; P = .00001), and C-reactive protein (SMD = –0.47; 95% CI = –0.72 to –0.22; P = .0002), but showed no obvious influence on left ventricular end-diastolic volume (SMD = 0.14; 95% CI = –0.37 to 0.64; P = .59).
Conclusions: Atorvastatin treatment provides significant benefits for dilated cardiomyopathy.
Influencia de dos tipos de calentamiento sobre la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior en estudiantes de Educación Física
Authors: Ruiz Garrigós Alfonso , De Vicente Durán Álvaro , Sánchez-Pay Alejandro
Published: May 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las posibles influencias de dos tipos de calentamiento (tradicional y específico) sobre la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior. Se realizaron dos pruebas (salto con contramovimiento -CMJ- y sprint 5 metros) sobre tres grupos: grupo sin calentamiento (GSC), grupo de calentamiento tradicional (GCT) que incluía movilidad articular, carrera continua y estiramientos estáticos; y grupo de calentamiento específico (GCE) que incluía movilidad articular, carrera continua, estiramientos dinámicos y pliometría. Se realizó un pre y post test y se utilizó la prueba de ANOVA de medidas repetidas para comparar la influencia del tipo de calentamiento sobre las pruebas entre los diferentes grupos. Posteriormente se calculó el tamaño del efecto a través de g de Hedges. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el pre y post test en el GCT y en el GCE;. además, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<.05) entre GSC y el GCE en el post test sólo en la prueba de salto. Realizar estiramientos dinámicos y pliometría como parte del calentamiento parece influir positivamente en la capacidad de salto vertical. Los datos sugieren que los profesores de educación física deberían utilizar calentamientos con estiramientos dinámicos y pliometría para mejorar el rendimiento en actividades que incluyan el salto.
Prototipe Sistem Keamanan Rumah Berbasis Web dan SMS Gateway
Authors: Hamidi Eki Ahmad Zaki , Effendi Mufid Ridlo , Ramdani M Rizki
Published: May 2020

Kenyamanan sebuah rumah tinggal perlu didukung oleh sistem keamanan yang tersistematis dan dapat dimonitor dari jarak jauh. Modul SIM800L sebagai media komunikasi SMS dan Web sebagai antarmuka dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk monitoring rumah secara jarak jauh. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun prototipe sistem keamanan rumah berbasis web dan SMS gateway. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan riset pengembangan (RnD). Penelitian ini menggunakan Arduino dan mikrokontroller Atmega2560 yang berfungsi mengambil data dari sensor PIR serta menjadi input untuk buzzer yang berfungsi sebagai alarm. Jangkauan dan respon PIR diuji dalam beberapa kondisi suhu ligkungan yang berbeda. Modul SIM800L akan mengirimkan SMS bagi pengguna. Untuk melihat kondisi ruangan rumah, tracking IP Camera dilakukan menggunakan motor servo. Pengujian menunjukan bahwa sensor PIR mampu melacak setiap pergerakan dengan suhu 27 derajat celcius pada radius pergerakan 4-7 meter dengan delay rata-rata 2 detik. Mikrokontroller mengirimkan perintah ke buzzer untuk membunyikan alarm dan SMS akan terkirim pada pengguna. Monitoring juga dapat dilakukan pengguna melalui web. Prototipe sistem yang dikembangkan dapat berjalan sesuai dengan target.
Coacción en el derecho y razón práctica. Las limitaciones del positivismo jurídico en un texto de Frederick Schauer
Authors: Massini-Correas Carlos-I.
Published: May 2020

En un libro reciente (The Force of Law), el iusfilosofo norteamericano Frederick Schauer intenta justificar un retorno a la version originaria del positivismo juridico, la elaborada por Bentham y Austin, en la que se reduce el derecho a imperativos dotados de la amenaza de una sancion para el caso de incumplimiento. Desde esta perspectiva, critica a Hart y sus discipulos, asi como a los iusnaturalistas, y propone una vision estrictamente positivista-reductivista del derecho, aunque ampliando la nocion de “sancion”. El autor del articulo critica de diversos modos esta propuesta de Schauer, principalmente en razon de su reductivismo.
From Sergio Cotta’s Technological Challenge to the Threshold of Enhancement
Authors: Zini Francesco
Published: May 2020

The essay deals with the theme of enhancement starting from the thought of Sergio Cotta that already in the late ‘70s in his texts ≪La sfida tecnologica≫ and ≪L’uomo tolemaico≫, he had identified those problems and those lines of research that currently they are the object of the transhumanist perspective of overcoming the human. The purpose is the artificial construction of a new implemented subject, capable of performing higher functions and expanding its capabilities, eliminating the aging process, to reach a condition beyond human human-machine hybridization. It is cooked in a lucid and prophetic way, carries out a predictive analysis on the consequences of such technological progress, re-proposing fundamental questions about man and mortal finitude, highlighting the limits and future prospects.
La teoria del diritto come pratica sociale e la coercizione
Authors: Viola Francesco
Published: May 2020

Poiche non si puo trattare del posto che la coercizione ha nel concetto di diritto senza far riferimento ad una specifica teoria del diritto, il paper ricostruisce le linee generali della teoria del diritto come pratica sociale, focalizzando in particolare l’obiettivo del diritto di custodire l’agency dei consociati per contrastare l’uso arbitrario del potere. Nella seconda parte si affronta dal punto di vista del diritto come pratica sociale il tema generale della coercizione giuridica e ci si chiede soprattutto se l’uso giuridico della forza non sia anch’esso nella sostanza una forma di potere che contraddice il fine generale della custodia dell’agency.
Criterios de la justicia: coacción, deber, persona
Authors: Carpintero Francisco
Published: May 2020

La teoria y la filosofia del derecho son reflexiones sobre la justicia, y la maxima aspiracion de ellas –o ella– es mostrar porque el derecho debe ser obedecido, es decir, en que consiste y como se manifiesta el deber juridico. Pero la teorizacion sobre el derecho corre hoy el peligro de perderse entre la teoria de la democracia como culmen de toda justicia, o alguna exposicion o teoria sobre los derechos humanos. El autor pretende aludir a los momentos ontologicos (las cosas) y a los inesquivables datos metafisicos que son el deber y la personalidad humana.
Сytokine markers for different variants of sclerotic lichen in women
Authors: Kolesnikova E. V. , Zharov A. V. , Kharitonova I. A. , Mizina Yu. S. , Fedak S. V.
Published: May 2020

Our work was aimed for studying the role of systemic of IL-23 and IL-20 levels in different clinical variants of sclerotic lichen in women. The study was based on results of clinical data (anamnesis, examination, palpation, vulvoscopy) and immunological studies (determination of IL-20 and IL-23 cytokines in peripheral blood) in the patients with sclerotic lichen (114 patients aged 42.5±15.1 years). Group I included patients with atrophic variant of sclerotic lichen (n = 58); group II, with sclerotic variant of sclerotic lichen (n = 34). Group III included women with a sclero-atrophic variant of this disorder (n = 22). The control group consisted of conditionally healthy women without present, or previously documented vulvar pathology (30 persons). Criteria for inclusion were as follows: women 20 to 60 years old, the presence of a benign vulvar disease, absence of treatment with immunotropic drugs over past year. Exclusion criteria: presence of viral infection (HPV, HSV), detection of STI, presence of acute inflammatory process (including vulvitis and vaginitis), cancer diagnosis, symptoms of autoimmune disorders, pregnancy, and the patient’s reluctance to participate in the study.

Predominant increase of IL-23 was revealed in all clinical groups of the examined patients, the most pronounced increase (2.7 times) was in severe sclerotic lichen (p < 0.0001). IL-23 concentration in the 2nd clinical group corresponded to the reference age-matched values. There was a significant increase in the blood content of IL-20 in subgroup 2.2 of the patients with sclerotic lichen (p < 0.0001), as well as in patients from group 3 with a mixed clinical course of its disorder (p < 0.0001). Meanwhile, the absence of pronounced vulvar tissue sclerosis in sclerotic variant of sclerotic lichen (subgroup 2.1) was accompanied only by a tendency for increased IL-20 concentration (p = 0.502), and only a trend for decrease in atrophic variant of sclerotic lichen (p = 0.288). In general, analysis of these data presumes a significant role of IL-20 and IL-23 in pathogenesis of sclerotic lichen in women. The cytokine assays in various clinical variants of this vulvar disorder may provide additional differential diagnostics (IL-20), and to assess severity of atrophic and sclerotic changes in vulvar tissues (IL-23) in women with sclerotic lichen.
Taxonomic Revision of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) in Madagascar
Authors: Pereira-Silva Rafaela Alves , Athiê-Souza Sarah Maria , Fabriani Federico , Laurênio de Melo André , Ferreira de Sales Margareth , Armbruster W. Scott
Published: May 2020

Abstract—In an account of 13 taxa (12 species and one variety) of Dalechampia occurring in Madagascar, ten species were lectotypified, two were synonymized, and one species was reestablished. Information about typifications as well as maps of distribution for
each species are provided herein. Illustrations and a key for identifying species of Dalechampia in Madagascar are also provided.