bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YAP drives cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma formation and progression
Authors: Vincent-Mistiaen Zoé , Elbediwy Ahmed , Vanyai Hannah , Cotton Jennifer , Stamp Gordon , Nye Emma , Spencer-Dene Bradley , Thomas Gareth J , Mao Junhao , Thompson Barry
Published: September 2018

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can progress to malignant metastatic cancer, including an aggressive subtype known as spindle cell carcinoma (spSCC). spSCC formation involves epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), yet the molecular basis of this event remains unknown. The transcriptional co-activator YAP undergoes recurrent amplification in human SCC and overexpression of YAP drives SCC formation in mice. Here, we show that human spSCC tumours also feature strong nuclear localisation of YAP and overexpression of activated YAP (NLS-YAP-5SA) with Keratin-5 (K5-CreERt) is sufficient to induce rapid formation of both SCC and spSCC in mice. spSCC tumours arise at sites of epithelial scratch wounding, where tumour-initiating epithelial cells undergo EMT to generate spSCC. Expression of the EMT transcription factor ZEB1 arises upon wounding and is a defining characteristic of spSCC in mice and humans. Thus, the wound healing response synergises with YAP to drive metaplastic transformation of SCC to spSCC.
Quantification of gene expression patterns to reveal the origins of abnormal morphogenesis
Authors: Martínez-Abadías Neus , Mateu Estivill Roger , Sastre Tomas Jaume , Motch Perrine Susan , Yoon Melissa , Robert-Moreno Alexandre , Swoger Jim , Russo Lucia , Kawasaki Kazuhiko , Richtsmeier Joan , Sharpe James
Published: September 2018

The earliest developmental origins of dysmorphologies are poorly understood in many congenital diseases. They often remain elusive because the first signs of genetic misregulation may initiate as subtle changes in gene expression, which are hard to detect and can be obscured later in development by secondary effects. Here, we develop a method to trace back the origins of phenotypic abnormalities by accurately quantifying the 3D spatial distribution of gene expression domains in developing organs. By applying Geometric Morphometrics to 3D gene expression data obtained by Optical Projection Tomography, we determined that our approach is sensitive enough to find regulatory abnormalities that have never been detected previously. We identified subtle but significant differences in the gene expression of a downstream target of a Fgfr2 mutation associated with Apert syndrome, demonstrating that these mouse models can further our understanding of limb defects in the human condition. Our method can be applied to different organ systems and models to investigate the etiology of malformations.
Learning recurrent dynamics in spiking networks
Authors: Kim Christopher M , Chow Carson C
Published: September 2018

Spiking activity of neurons engaged in learning and performing a task show complex spatiotemporal dynamics. While the output of recurrent network models can learn to perform various tasks, the possible range of recurrent dynamics that emerge after learning remains unknown. Here we show that modifying the recurrent connectivity with a recursive least squares algorithm provides sufficient flexibility for synaptic and spiking rate dynamics of spiking networks to produce a wide range of spatiotemporal activity. We apply the training method to learn arbitrary firing patterns, stabilize irregular spiking activity in a network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons respecting Dale’s law, and reproduce the heterogeneous spiking rate patterns of cortical neurons engaged in motor planning and movement. We identify sufficient conditions for successful learning, characterize two types of learning errors, and assess the network capacity. Our findings show that synaptically-coupled recurrent spiking networks possess a vast computational capability that can support the diverse activity patterns in the brain.
Preliminary analysis of New Zealand scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) diet using metabarcoding
Authors: van der Reis Aimee L. , Laroche Olivier , Jeffs Andrew G. , Lavery Shane D.
Published: September 2018

Deep sea lobsters are highly valued for seafood and provide the basis of important commercial fisheries in many parts of the world. Despite their economic significance, relatively little is known about their natural diets. Microscopic analyses of foregut content in some species have suffered from low taxonomic resolution, with many of the dietary items difficult to reliably identify as their tissue is easily digested. DNA metabarcoding has the potential to provide greater taxonomic resolution of the diet of the New Zealand scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) through the identification of gut contents, but a number of methodological concerns need to be overcome first to ensure optimum DNA metabarcoding results. In this study, a range of methodological parameters were tested to determine the optimum protocols for DNA metabarcoding, and provide a first view ofM.challengeridiet. Several PCR protocols were tested, using two universal primer pairs targeting the 18S rRNA and COI genes, on DNA extracted from both frozen and ethanol preserved samples for both foregut and hindgut digesta. The selection of appropriate DNA polymerases, buffers and methods for reducing PCR inhibitors (including the use of BSA) were found to be critical. Amplification from frozen or ethanol preserved gut contents appeared similarly dependable. The COI gene was found to be more effective than 18S rRNA gene for identifying large eukaryotic taxa from the digesta; however, it was less successfully amplified. The 18S rRNA gene was more easily amplified, but identified mostly smaller marine organisms such as plankton and parasites. This preliminary analysis of the diet ofM.challengeriidentified a range of species (13,541 reads identified as diet), which included the ghost shark (Hydrolagus novaezealandiae), silver warehou (Seriolella punctata), tall sea pen (Funiculina quadrangularis) and the salp (Ihlea racovitzai), suggesting that they have a varied diet, with a high reliance on scavenging a diverse range of pelagic and benthic species from the seafloor.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ И ОПАСНОСТЬ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ ОПОЛЗНЕВЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ СТАВРОПОЛЬСКОГО КРАЯ, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Разумов В.В. , Лиховид А. А. , Харин К. В.
Published: September 2018

Активизация оползневых процессов в равнинной западной части Ставропольского края и районе Кавказских Минеральных Вод (КМВ) происходит в основном под влиянием природно-климатических условий и инженерно-хозяйственной деятельности человека. Набор основных факторов активизации и степень их влияния на характер оползневой деятельности различаются по годам. За последние 10 лет наибольшая оползневая опасность отмечалась в 2005 и 2006 гг., наименьшая в 2013 г. За период 1992-2015 гг. максимальное количество (более 80%) чрезвычайных ситуаций и наиболее крупных происшествий, обусловленных оползневыми процессами, приходится на равнинные районы края. Больше всего чрезвычайных ситуаций оползневого характера за исследуемый период наблюдалось в Кочубеевском и Андроповском районах (по 23% от общего количества по краю), городах Ставрополе (19%) и Пятигорске (15%). Оползневые катастрофы чаще происходят в весенне-летний период (около 80%). На май месяц приходится порядка 30%.
СВЯЗЬ КАРСТА С НЕОГЕНОВЫМИ ДОЛИНАМИ СИСТЕМЫ ПАЛЕО-БЕЛОЙ В ЮЖНОМ ПРЕДУРАЛЬЕ, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Абдрахманов Р. Ф. , Попов В.Г.
Published: September 2018

Главным фактором, вызвавшим формирование переуглубленной речной сети систем Палео-Волги, Палео-Днепра, Палео-Дона, Палео-Урала и др. палеорек явились тектонические движения земной коры на востоке Русской плиты и Южном Урале в миоцен-плиоценовую эпоху. Они коренным образом трансформировали облик рельефа Южного Пред- уралья и определили характер и масштабы многих экзогенных процессов. При этом резко усилилась денудационная деятельность подземных вод. В палеодолинах рек Белой, Уфы, Быстрого Таныпа, Демы и др. залегает толща (до 200 м) глинистых (в основании разреза - песчано-галечниковых) осадков позднего миоцена-плиоцена. Они, в зависимости от строения и гидрогеологических условий, могут способствовать как дренированию, так и экранированию окружающих водоносных комплексов палеозоя. В первом случае вдоль склонов палеодолин, сложенных известняками и гипсами каменноугольного и нижнепермского возраста, под влиянием возросших напорных градиентов и скоростей движения вод интенсифицируются карстовые процессы, а во втором - к тому же образуются восходящие концентрированные потоки вод, разгружающиеся в виде крупных карстовых источников. Помимо комплекса естественноисторических факторов, контролирующих развитие карстового процесса (литология пород, тектоника, гидрогеологические особенности и пр.), его масштабы и характер зависят от хозяйственной деятельности человека. Активизацию карста и суффозии часто вызывает рост городов и освоение территорий. Неогеновые и современные долины содействовали развитию карста в нижнепермских гипсах на территории Уфимской промышленно-урбанизированной агломерации, где зафиксировано 63 карстовых поля. В последние 25 лет техногенный фактор, вызывающий подтопление территории, в 70-80% случаев являлся причиной аварийных и катастрофических ситуаций, связанных с интенсификацией карста. Карстово-суффозионные процессы представляют угрозу эксплуатации Юмагузинской и Павловской ГЭС, созданных на закарстованных карбонатных породах в местах расположения палеодолин Белой и Уфы, несмотря на проведении сложных противофильтрационных мероприятий.
АКТИВИЗАЦИЯ ЭРОЗИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА ВОДОСБОРАХ ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ АНТРОПОГЕННЫХ ФАКТОРОВ НА ЮЖНОМ УРАЛЕ И В ПРЕДУРАЛЬЕ, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Гареев А.М. , Чалов Р.С.
Published: September 2018

Рассматриваются основные закономерности, отражающие особенности и условия эрозионных процессов как следствие хозяйственной деятельности на речных водосборах, ее роль в развитии рельефа и влияние на состояние природно-хозяйственных систем на Южном Урале и Предуралье. Одним из основных факторов, обуславливающих активизацию эрозионных процессов, является трансформация склонового стока, в т.ч. увеличение его поверхностной составляющей и разрушающей способности водных потоков в условиях деградации природных комплексов на водосборе. Показано, что интенсивное развитие и тенденции к их увеличению сохраняются в регионах (например, в Республиках Башкортостан и Татарстан) благодаря усилению пастбищной нагрузки из-за увеличения поголовья скота в частном секторе и исчезновения экономических стимулов защиты от эрозии пахотных земель, несмотря на общее снижение антропогенных нагрузок. Дается характеристика негативного влияния указанных процессов на хозяйственно-экономические и экологические условия в бассейнах малых рек.
Age and Sex but Not ATP7B Genotype Effectively Influence the Clinical Phenotype of Wilson Disease
Authors: Ferenci Peter , Stremmel Wolfgang , Członkowska Anna , Szalay Ferenc , Viveiros André , Stättermayer Albert Friedrich , Bruha Radan , Houwen Roderick , Pop Tudor Lucian , Stauber Rudolf , Gschwantler Michael , Pfeiffenberger Jan , Yurdaydin Cihan , Aigner Elmar , Steindl‐Munda Petra , Dienes Hans‐Peter , Zoller Heinz , Weiss Karl Heinz
Published: September 2018

Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of hepatic copper metabolism with considerable variation in clinical presentations, the most common ones being liver disease and neuropsychiatric disturbances. This study investigated the clinical presentation in relation to mutations in a large cohort of patients with WD. A total of 1,357 patients (702 children, 655 adults; 1,172 index patients, 185 siblings, all with a Leipzig score ≥4, male/female: 679/678) were studied. The age and the symptoms at presentation were used as key phenotypic markers. Index patients were clinically classified as having either hepatic (n = 711) or neurologic disease (n = 461). Seven hundred fifteen (52.7%) patients had a liver biopsy at diagnosis. DNA was sequenced by the Genetic Analyzers ABI Prism 310 (Perkin Elmer) or 3500 (Applied Biosystems). Three hundred ninety‐four different mutation combinations were detected. The most frequent mutation was H1069Q (c.3207C>A; allele frequency: 46.9%), followed by P767P‐fs (c.2304dupC; 2.85%), P1134P‐fs (c.3402delC; 2.8%), and R969Q (c.2755C>T; 2.18%). There was no correlation between mutations and individual clinical manifestation. There was a gender effect in index patients: Hepatic presentation was more common in females (male/female: 328/383) and neurologic presentation in males (259/202; P < 0.001). At diagnosis, 39.5% of children/adolescents (≤18 years) and 58% of adults already had cirrhosis. The presence of cirrhosis did not correlate with the genotype. Conclusion: These findings refine and extend our understanding of the natural history and individual spectrum/manifestations of WD. Initially, there is asymptomatic hepatic involvement, which may progress and become symptomatic. Neurologic symptoms present many years later.
Spectroscopy of metal hexaborides: Phonon dispersion models
Authors: Alarco Jose A. , Shahbazi Mahboobeh , Talbot Peter C. , Mackinnon Ian D.R.
Published: September 2018

Raman spectroscopy of many metal hexaborides is well understood for vibrations of
symmetry that can be ascribed to the breathing and deforming modes of boron octahedral clusters at the corners of the cubic unit cell. However, the significance of the lower energy modes has been subject to debate wherein interpretation is dependent on “rattling” of the metal ion within the boron cage or on alternative mechanisms such as the presence of defects or of isotope clusters. Furthermore, converged calculations of phonon dispersions (PDs) using Density Functional Theory (DFT) for YB6 with
symmetry in the published literature are limited and equivocal. Converged PDs across all reciprocal lattice orientations are an important indicator of thermodynamic stability for a phase. We use this criterion to evaluate symmetry conditions for hexaboride structures and compare DFT models of PDs with Raman spectra for the hexaborides BaB6, LaB6, and YB6. We demonstrate that models with lower symmetry using a P4/mmm superlattice along one primary axial direction allow the lower energy modes to be assigned to a point symmetry. This approach, which models displacements of the metal position along the superlattice direction, results in a convergent PD for YB6, an outcome difficult to achieve with
symmetry.
Rapid isolation and characterization of crocins, picrocrocin, and crocetin from saffron using centrifugal partition chromatography and LC–MS
Authors: Karkoula Evangelia , Angelis Apostolis , Koulakiotis Nikolaos‐Stavros , Gikas Evangelos , Halabalaki Maria , Tsarbopoulos Anthony , Skaltsounis Alexios‐Leandros
Published: September 2018

This study demonstrates a simple method for one‐step isolation of the main secondary metabolites of a hydroalcoholic extract of Crocus sativus stigmas (saffron) using step‐gradient centrifugal partition chromatography. The analysis was performed in dual and elution−extrusion mode, using five biphasic systems of the solvents heptane/ethyl acetate/butanol/ethanol/water in ratios of 4:10:0:4:10, 1:13:0:4:10, 1:12:1:4:10, 1:10:3:4:10, and 1:7:6:4:10. Five major crocins, picrocrocin, and crocetin were directly isolated in one step. Scaling up to preparative level, allowed the recovery of significantly high quantities of pure compounds, especially trans‐crocin‐4, saffron's principal crocin. Comparing dual‐mode and elution‐extrusion, in dual‐mode, the trans‐crocin‐4 containing fractions were co‐eluted with a high amount of free β‐d‐glucose. In contrast, absence of free β‐d‐glucose was observed in the corresponding trans‐crocin‐4 fractions obtained by the second method denoting its superiority against dual‐mode. Initiating analysis with the 4th solvent‐system afforded selective isolation of trans‐crocin‐4, with reduction in experimental time and solvent consumption. Structure elucidation was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, and high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed methodology comprises an integrated approach for the purification and characterization of biologically active saffron components in a fast, selective, and environmentally friendly manner.
Interspace between Popliteal Artery and posterior Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) Injectate Spread: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Niesen Adam D. , Harris David J. , Johnson Christopher S. , Stoike David E. , Smith Hugh M. , Jacob Adam K. , Amundson Adam W. , Pawlina Wojciech , Martin David P.
Published: September 2018

Objectives

Local anesthetic injection into the interspace between the popliteal artery and the posterior capsule of the knee (IPACK) has the potential to provide motor‐sparing analgesia to the posterior knee after total knee arthroplasty. The primary objective of this cadaveric study was to evaluate injectate spread to relevant anatomic structures with IPACK injection.

Methods

After receipt of Institutional Review Board Biospecimen Subcommittee approval, IPACK injection was performed on fresh‐frozen cadavers. The popliteal fossa in each specimen was dissected and examined for injectate spread.

Results

Ten fresh‐frozen cadaver knees were included in the study. Injectate was observed to spread in the popliteal fossa at a mean ± SD of 6.1 ± 0.7 cm in the medial‐lateral dimension and 10.1 ± 3.2 cm in the proximal‐distal dimension. No injectate was noted to be in contact with the proximal segment of the sciatic nerve, but 3 specimens showed injectate spread to the tibial nerve. In 3 specimens, the injectate showed possible contact with the common peroneal nerve. The middle genicular artery was consistently surrounded by injectate.

Conclusions

This cadaver study of IPACK injection demonstrated spread throughout the popliteal fossa without proximal sciatic involvement. However, the potential for injectate to spread to the tibial or common peroneal nerve was demonstrated. Consistent surrounding of the middle genicular artery with injectate suggests a potential mechanism of analgesia for the IPACK block, due to the predictable relationship between articular sensory nerves and this artery. Further study is needed to determine the ideal site of IPACK injection.
Hamiltonian approach and quantization of D = 3,$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ supersymmetric non-Abelian multiwave system
Authors: Bandos Igor , Sabido M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract

We develop Hamiltonian formalism and quantize supersymmetric non-Abelian multiwave system (nAmW) in D=3 spacetime constructed as a simple counterpart of 11D multiple M-wave system. Its action can be obtained from massless superparticle one by putting on its worldline 1d dimensional reduction of the 3d SYM model in such a way that the new system still possesses local fermionic kappa-symmetry.

The quantization results in a set of equation of supersymmetric field theory in an unusual space withsu(N)-valued matrix coordinates. Their superpartners, the fermionicsu(N)-valued matrices, cannot be split on coordinates and momenta in a covariant manner and hence are included as abstract operators acting on the state vector in the generic form of our D=3 Matrix model field equations. We discuss the Clifford superfield representation for the quantum state vector and in the simplest case ofN= 2 elaborate it in a bit more detail. As a check of consistency, we show that the bosonic Matrix model field equations obtained by quantization of the purely bosonic limit of our D=3 nAmW system have a nontrivial solution.
Four-point functions of 1/2-BPS operators of any weights in the supergravity approximation
Authors: Arutyunov Gleb , Klabbers Rob , Savin Sergei
Published: September 2018

Abstract

We present the computation of all the correlators of 1/2-BPS operators in

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

SYM with weights up to 8 as well as some very high-weight correlation functions from the effective supergravity action. The computation is done by implementing the recently developed simplified algorithm in combination with the harmonic polynomial formalism. We provide a database of these results attached to this publication and additionally check for almost all of the functions in this database that they agree with the conjecture on their Mellin-space form.
On the need for soft dressing
Authors: Carney Daniel , Chaurette Laurent , Neuenfeld Dominik , Semenoff Gordon
Published: September 2018

Abstract

In order to deal with IR divergences arising in QED or perturbative quantum gravity scattering processes, one can either calculate inclusive quantities or use dressed asymptotic states. We consider incoming superpositions of momentum eigenstates and show that in calculations of cross-sections these two approaches yield different answers: in the inclusive formalism no interference occurs for incoming finite superpositions and wavepackets do not scatter at all, while the dressed formalism yields the expected interference terms. This suggests that rather than Fock space states, one should use Faddeev-Kulish-type dressed states to correctly describe physical processes involving incoming superpositions. We interpret this result in terms of selection rules due to large U(1) gauge symmetries and BMS supertranslations.
Trauma in the Elderly: Demographic Trends (1995–2014) in a Major New Zealand Trauma Centre
Authors: Burstow Matthew , Civil Ian , Hsee Li
Published: September 2018

Background

Population studies have confirmed an increase in the proportion of elderly patients (≥65 years of age), and this could be expected to be reflected in trauma admissions and outcomes. This study aims to investigate the demographic trends for elderly patients admitted following trauma to Auckland City Hospital (ACH) and their outcomes.

Materials and methods

The ACH Trauma Database was searched from 1995 to 2014, and data including date of admission, injury cause, age, sex, mortality, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay and length of stay (LOS) were extracted.

Results

A total of 26,882 patients were identified, with 4428 patients ≥65 years of age admitted following trauma. In the mid‐1990s between 200 and 250 trauma patients ≥65 years were admitted to ACH annually. This has increased to >400 in 2014 and now represents >20% of all admissions. Females are over represented (61.7%) in those ≥65 years (vs. 29.4% in < 65 years, p < 0.001), and falls are the greatest cause of admission for trauma in those ≥65 years at 72% (vs. 36.9% in those < 65 years, p < 0.001). Elderly trauma patients are more than twice as likely to die (5.6% vs. 2.3%, p < 0.001) compared with trauma patients < 65 years despite an identical median ISS of 4 (p = 0.86). Furthermore, of those ≥65 years, 2.2% died of minor/moderate trauma (ISS ≤ 15) versus only 0.12% for those < 65 years confirming the complexities of ageing physiology in a trauma setting. Until 2003, mortality from trauma in elderly patients closely paralleled the rate of severe trauma admissions (ISS ≥ 16), but after 2003, despite a steady increase in severe trauma in this cohort, mortality rates have fallen.

Conclusions

Elderly patients bring with them a greater burden of co‐morbidities, and trauma admission of elderly patients has almost doubled over 20 years, including severe trauma (ISS ≥ 16), but despite this mortality has decreased. Integration of services into the new ACH in 2003 as well as improving trauma and medical care may be possible explanations. Further resources will be required to meet service demand, along with consideration of strategies to integrate multi‐disciplinary care and consolidate trauma management for this vulnerable patient group.
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment individuals with dissimilar pathologic origins show common regional vulnerability in the default mode network
Authors: Rane Swati , Donahue Manus J. , Claassen Daniel O.
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (AD and PD) are distinct disorders but share similar biomarker profiles. The regions of the default mode network are implicated in these diseases and are associated with amnestic symptoms. The role of apolipoprotein‐ε4 (APOE‐ε4), which is associated with cognitive function, is unclear in PD.

Methods

In this work, we evaluated cortical thickness of default mode network regions that are likely affected in both early AD and PD individuals, that is, with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. We identified the prevalence of APOE‐ε4 and evaluated its association with cortical atrophy.

Results

We observed significant parahippocampal atrophy and hippocampal atrophy rates in amnestic mild cognitive impairment subjects, regardless of disease origins (AD or PD). Similarly, mild cognitive impairment ε4 carriers showed significant precuneal atrophy compared with noncarriers.

Discussion

This work supports that converging changes to default mode network regions, especially the temporal lobe and precuneus, are shared in AD and PD.
Progress and future challenges in aging and diversity research in the United States
Authors: Brewster Paul , Barnes Lisa , Haan Mary , Johnson Julene K. , Manly Jennifer J. , Nápoles Anna María , Whitmer Rachel A. , Carvajal‐Carmona Luis , Early Dawnte , Farias Sarah , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose , Melrose Rebecca , Meyer Oanh L. , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina , Hinton Ladson , Mungas Dan
Published: September 2018

In 2016, the UC Davis Latino Aging Research Resource Center and UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Center brought together experts from across the country to consolidate current knowledge and identify future directions in aging and diversity research. This report disseminates the research priorities that emerged from this conference, building on an earlier Gerontological Society of America preconference. We review key racial/ethnic differences in cognitive aging and dementia and identify current knowledge gaps in the field. We advocate for a systems‐level framework for future research whereby environmental, sociocultural, behavioral, neuropathological, genetic, and psychometric levels of analysis are examined together to identify pathways and mechanisms that influence disparities. We then discuss steps to increase the recruitment and retention of racial/ethnic minorities in aging studies, as none of the recommendations will be possible without strong collaboration between racial/ethnic minority communities and researchers. This approach is consistent with the National Institute on Aging Health Disparities Research Framework.
Concomitant Use of Opioids and Benzodiazepines in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Simon Jeremy , Gehret Jeffrey , Stolzenberg David , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Teng Jonathon , Paskey Taylor , Raju Robin
Published: September 2018

Background

Benzodiazepines have been identified as a concurrent factor in opioid‐related deaths. Although the dangers of concomitant administration of opioids and benzodiazepines are well documented, implementation of this knowledge into practice may be lagging behind.

Objective

To examine the concomitant use of opioids and benzodiazepines in the outpatient setting.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Academic outpatient multispecialty practice.

Participants

Over 2000 outpatient clinic visits from January 2018 to April 2018 among four physiatrists were analyzed.

Methods

All patients were reviewed in the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) website to identify whether they have filled either opioid or benzodiazepine prescription(s) in the last 12 months.

Main Outcome Measurements

Number of opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions, discrepancies in reporting of medications, providers prescribing medications, and cigarette/alcohol use.

Results

A total of 353 patients were identified to have filled either opioid or benzodiazepine prescription(s) in last 12 months. 49.4% of patients prescribed opioids were found to be taking benzodiazepines concurrently. Reporting discrepancies were noted between the outpatient electronic medical record and PDMP in 17.2% of patients. Among patients taking both opioids and benzodiazepines, 38.9% had multiple providers prescribing these medications, 41.9% were over 65 years old, and 11.9% were daily cigarette/alcohol users. Patients taking both types of drugs (opioids and benzodiazepines) were significantly more likely to use different providers (38.9%) compared to patients taking one type of drug (9.8%, P < .001). The former group was also noted to fill significantly more prescriptions than the latter group (P < .001).

Conclusion

The study results emphasize that clinicians may not be aware that some of their patients are concurrently taking opioids and benzodiazepines. These results highlight the importance of routinely checking the PDMP and using that information to make fully informed decisions to minimize risks in use of these controlled substances.

Level of Evidence

III
Learning the lessons of WannaCry
Authors: Adams Chris
Published: September 2018

It was May 2017 when the ransomware attack WannaCry made headlines around the world. The virus brought unprecedented attention to malicious software-based threats that don't just infect technology systems but also demand money.
Data in the post-GDPR world
Authors: Datoo Akber
Published: September 2018

Data is without doubt the ‘new oil’ – the currency that now underpins the digital economy. But in the wake of the Cambridge Analytica and Facebook misuse scandal, the concept of data monetisation is rightly under serious scrutiny. As we enter a new era of data privacy, from the recently implemented EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to rapidly growing awareness of the way personal data is harvested and mined, organisations can no longer adopt a cavalier attitude to customer data.
From the Editor
Authors: Landis Ronald S. , Fink Alexis , Finkelstein Lisa , Poteet Mark , Rogelberg Steven
Published: September 2018

This is the first issue of Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice (IOP) under a new editorial team. In light of this, now is a good opportunity to recognize the work of those who have helped build the journal into its current state and to describe the goals for the next few years.
Calling on Male Allies to Promote Gender Equity in I-O Psychology
Authors: Cheng Shannon , Ng Linnea , Trump-Steele Rachel C. E. , Corrington Abby , Hebl Mikki
Published: September 2018

As Gardner, Ryan, and Snoeyink (2018) state, their findings on gender representation in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology indicate that “the profession as a whole falls into the category of ‘not walking the talk’” (p. 385). We agree that it is imperative to understand the current state of gender inequity in our field while also actively working toward achieving gender equity. This article attempts to inspire each and every individual in I-O psychology to feel a personal responsibility to engage in behaviors that reduce gender disparities in our field. Although women are normatively the focus in fights for gender equity, men should be equal partners in these efforts. In this commentary, we focus on the contributions that male allies in I-O psychology can make in fostering gender equity. To be clear, we are not claiming that women need to be rescued by men; however, we do believe that I-O psychology can achieve the greatest progress toward gender equity when both women and men engage in supportive efforts. As Emma Watson said in her 2014 United Nations speech, “How can we affect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation?” (UN Women, 2014). In times when political leaders and national laws may fail women, it is crucial that local communities—like the I-O community—adopt a clear stance in promoting gender equity. In this commentary, we define allyship, discuss the importance of male allies, suggest ways in which male allies can help promote gender equity in I-O psychology, and consider potential barriers to male allyship and ways to overcome them. The strategies that we propose are by no means exhaustive; rather, they are suggestions for how to initiate a larger movement.
Let the Pigs Fly: What We Say and How We Say It When We Talk About Gender
Authors: Hernandez Theresa R. , Bernard Liana , Martinez Larry R.
Published: September 2018

“What if gender mattered less? Pigs might actually fly before that happens,” said Dr. Mikki Hebl at the Shaken & Stirred event at the 2017 Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) conference (I-O Shaken & Stirred, 2017). If gender mattered less, “SIOP itself would see differences. Women comprised only six out of the 21 SIOP fellows this year, and five of the 25 major award recipients yesterday . . . were women.” With that, she dropped the microphone and walked off the stage. This video has been viewed on YouTube more than twice as many times as most of the other Shaken & Stirred videos that are available, and it is this boldness that is needed in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology if we expect to see changes.
Gender Differences in SIOP Research Fellows’ Publication Networks
Authors: McMillan Jeremiah T. , Shockley Kristen , Carter Dorothy R.
Published: September 2018

Gardner, Ryan, and Snoeyink (2018) provide illuminating analyses regarding the role of gender in career advancement within industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology. One of their suggestions for further advancing this area of research is to examinehomophily, defined as the tendency for individuals to have social ties with those who are similar to themselves, in the social networks of men and women in the field. Such research is warranted because social networks—in particular, the networks of research collaboration relationships (e.g., publications, grants) scientists develop throughout their careers—are critical to success in academia (e.g., Bozeman & Corley, 2004).
Beyond Representation of Women in I-O to Producing Gender-Inclusive Knowledge
Authors: Stockdale Margaret S. , Eagly Alice H.
Published: September 2018

Gardner, Ryan, and Snoeyink (2018) provided an excellent and much-needed analysis of the status of women in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology. Although others have produced overall assessments of the status of women in psychology (Eagly & Riger, 2014; Kite et al., 2001), these are not sufficient to identify conditions within the subfields of psychology. As shown by statistics on the divisions of the American Psychological Association (http://www.apa.org/about/division/officers/services/profiles.aspx), the subfields differ greatly in their gender balance, with some being male dominated (e.g., experimental and cognitive science), others female dominated (e.g., developmental psychology), and still others representing women and men more equally (e.g., social and personality psychology). I-O psychology is among the more gender-balanced fields, with an increasing proportion of women over time. It would seem that I-O's gradual inclusion of more women should have changed aspects of research and discourse in this field. In this comment, we argue that these women have produced impressive changes.
PEERING INTO THE DUSTY CORNERS: MICRO-DEBRIS ANALYSIS AND USE OF SPACE AT THE SITE OF ABU TBEIRAH (NASIRIYAH, IRAQ)
Authors: Cereda Susanna , Romano Licia
Published: September 2018

Excavations carried out in the last five years by “La Sapienza” University of Rome and Iraqi teams at the site of Abu Tbeirah (Nasiriyah, Iraq) exposed a large multi-phased mud-brick building (Building A), internally articulated into various rooms with different purposes, which probably hosted a wide range of activities. This building presents an opportunity to investigate the use of these spaces in order to glimpse the daily life and the socio-economic structure of its past inhabitants. In this paper we present the preliminary outcomes of this study, based on the results of a micro-debris analysis that looked at the distribution of the material residues embedded within the floor of Room 5 of the building.
Dynamics and stability of gap-flow interference in a vibrating side-by-side arrangement of two circular cylinders
Authors: Liu B. , Jaiman R. K.
Published: September 2018

In this work, the coupled dynamics of the gap flow and the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a side-by-side (SBS) arrangement of two circular cylinders is numerically investigated at Reynolds numbers

$100\leqslant Re\leqslant 500$

. The influence of VIV is incorporated by allowing one of the cylinders to vibrate freely in the transverse direction, which is termed as a vibrating side-by-side (VSBS) arrangement. A comparative three-dimensional study is performed between the stationary side-by-side (SSBS) and the VSBS arrangements to examine the characteristics of the complex coupling between the VIV and the gap flow. The results are also contrasted against the isolated configurations without any proximity and gap-flow interference. Of particular interest is to establish a relationship between the VIV, the gap flow and the near-wake instability behind bluff bodies. We find that the kinematics of the VIV regulates the streamwise vorticity concentration, which accompanies a recovery of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic response at the peak lock-in. Moreover, the near-wake instability may develop around an indeterminant two-dimensional streamline saddle point along the interfaces of a pair of imbalanced counter-signed vorticity clusters. The interaction between the imbalanced vorticity clusters and the gap-flow momentum are closely interlinked with the prominence of streamwise vortical structures. In both SSBS and VSBS arrangements, the flip-flopping frequency is significantly low for the three-dimensional flow, except at the VIV lock-in for the VSBS arrangement. While an early onset of VIV lock-in is observed for the vibrating configuration, a quasi-stable deflected gap-flow regime with stably deflected gap flow is found at the peak lock-in. The increase of the gap-flow proximity interference promotes the energy transfer and stabilizes the VIV lock-in. Finally, we employ the dynamic mode decomposition procedure to characterize the space–time evolution of the vortex wake system behind the cylinders.
COMMON MISTAKE IN CONTRACT: RARE SUCCESS AND COMMON MISAPPREHENSIONS
Authors: Morgan Jonathan
Published: September 2018

Disputes involving shared mistakes should be resolved by considering the meaning (explicit and implicit) of the parties’ agreement. There is no room for a free-standing doctrine of mistake. The argument is illustrated by considering three recent decisions on common mistake.
Palimpsests of the Past: Oral History and the Art of Pointillism
Authors: Bowie Katherine A.
Published: September 2018

The use of oral histories is embedded in the interplay of archival limitations and shifting historiographical questions. This essay begins with a preliminary historiography of oral history usage in Asia, exploring its contrasting usages among scholars of China, Japan, India, and Thailand. However, more than filling in archival gaps, oral histories can challenge broader historiographies. Arrested multiple times, Kruba Srivichai (1878–1939) is northern Thailand's most famous monk. Illustrating a pointillist approach that draws upon hundreds of oral histories and dividing the palimpsest of Srivichai's controversial life into four time periods, this essay shows how oral histories challenge four corresponding paradigms and thereby force a reengagement with the overall narrative of Thai nation-state formation. This essay argues for the importance of oral history, not merely in “filling in gaps” in archival sources, but in challenging hegemonic historiographical paradigms.
Experiments relevant to astrophysical jets
Authors: Bellan P. M.
Published: September 2018

This paper summarizes the results of an experimental program at Caltech wherein magnetohydrodynamically driven plasma jets are created and diagnosed. The theory modelling these jets, the main experimental results and their relevance to astrophysical jets are presented. The model explains how the jets are driven and why they self-collimate. Characteristic kink and Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities are shown to occur and the ramifications of these instabilities are discussed. Extending the experimental results to the astrophysical situation reveals a shortcoming in ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) that must be remedied by replacing the ideal MHD Ohm’s law by the generalized Ohm’s law. It is shown that when the generalized Ohm’s law is used and the consequences of weak ionization are taken into account, an accretion disk behaves much like the electrodes, mass source and power supply used in the experiment.
LEGITTIMITÀ, CONSOLIDAMENTO E CRISI NELL'EUROPA MERIDIONALE
Authors: Morlino Leonardo , Montero José Ramon
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

Nei primi anni novanta gli effetti politici della crisi economica si fanno sentire in tutti i paesi occidentali, e soprattutto in quelli caratterizzati da economie più deboli, come i paesi del Sud Europa. Crescono gli atteggiamenti di critica e protesta, e in questo senso diminuisce la legittimità governativa. Tutto ciò si manifesta in Grecia, innanzi tutto, con la sconfitta del governo conservatore nelle elezioni dell'ottobre 1993, in Spagna con la diminuzione dei voti socialisti nel giugno dello stesso anno e la perdita della maggioranza assoluta in parlamento, in Portogallo con più forti dissensi e critiche al governo in assenza di elezioni. In Italia i fenomeni di protesta sono più profondi, al punto di poter parlare – in questo stesso periodo – di crisi e transizione di regime. L'Italia, dunque, presenta un «differenziale» rispetto agli altri paesi che va spiegato.
ELEZIONI LOCALI E DESTRUTTURAZIONE PARTITICA. LA NUOVA LEGGE ALLA PROVA
Authors: Virgilio Aldo Di
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

La vertiginosa accelerazione che, con modalità e accenti propri delle fasi di crisi e transizione di regime, ha investito la politica italiana degli ultimi venti mesi ha conferito alle tornate elettorali del giugno e del novembre-dicembre 1993 un rilievo e un significato politico riconosciuto assai di rado a elezioni comunali e provinciali1.

In questa direzione convergevano già dalla vigilia molteplici fattori. I due test elettorali presentavano anzitutto un'indubbia visibilità quantitativa e simbolica. In secondo luogo la maggior parte delle città e delle province era convocata al voto in anticipo rispetto alla scadenza naturale dei propri consigli2a causa di circostanze connesse a vario titolo con la crisi politica nazionale (diretto coinvolgimento di intere amministrazioni locali nelle inchieste giudiziarie connesse alle molte «tangentopoli» venute alla luce

Questo lavoro anticipa alcuni risultati di una ricerca più ampia tuttora in corso di svolgimento. Desidero ringraziare Stefano Bartolini, Roberto D'Alimonie e Paolo Feltrin con cui ho discusso vari aspetti di questo lavoro. Ringrazio inoltre la dott.ssa Paola Menta e la sig.ra Maria Grazia Burattini del Servizio elettorale del Ministero degli Interni per la loro disponibilità nel fornirmi, a più riprese, i dati elettorali.
CARLOS GASPAR e VASCO RATO, Rumo à memória. Crónicas da crise comunista, Lisbona, Quetzal Editores, 1992, pp. 339.
Authors: Bosco Anna
Published: September 2018

Scavare nelle vicende del partito comunista portoghese non è facile. Il «partito con pareti di vetro», come lo ha definito il suo leader storico, Alvaro Cunhal, è in realtà un'organizzazione impenetrabile, caratterizzata da una tradizionale riluttanza a fornire dati ed informazioni attendibili. «Gli archivi del partito sono inaccessibili, le testimonianze dei responsabili rarissime, e i documenti pubblicati normalmente irrilevanti» scrivono Gaspar e Rato nell'introduzione del loro libro (p. 10); simili difficoltà spiegano, almeno in parte, perché la letteratura sul Pcp sia ancora oggi esigua e limitata soprattutto al periodo della «rivoluzione dei garofani». Per questa ragione l'uscita contemporanea di due volumi che sistematizzano le conoscenze sul comunismo portoghese è un fatto estremamente positivo, che può costituire uno stimolo per ricerche successive. Oltretutto i due libri sono complementari: lo studio di Cunha, infatti, ricostruisce l'evoluzione della linea politica del partito tra la sua fondazione, nel 1921, e la prima metà degli anni ottanta, mentre il lavoro di Gaspar e Rato si concentra soprattutto sulla crisi che investe l'organizzazione comunista nella seconda metà del decennio passato, in concomitanza con il crollo del «socialismo reale».
L'ALTA BUROCRAZIA MINISTERIALE: MODELLI DI RECLUTAMENTO E CARRIERA
Authors: Chiarini Rosalba
Published: September 2018

Il problema e le ipotesi

Il rendimento e la ricettività dei sistemi politici democratici in termini di capacità di risoluzione dei problemi da parte di apparati e strutture amministrative sono stati spesso interpretati facendo riferimento a caratteristiche culturali, politico-partitiche, socio-economiche. L'adozione di diverse angolazioni analitiche di questo tipo ha senza dubbio contribuito ad accrescere la conoscenza degli apparati pubblici e del loro grado di funzionalità. Tuttavia, sembra produttivo insistere nell'analisi delle dimensioni organizzative delle burocrazie pubbliche, in particolare dei fattori attinenti al reclutamento e alla socializzazione in quanto, ormai da tempo, hanno dimostrato la loro importanza al fine di interpretare il comportamento di un'organizzazione anche nelle sue relazioni con l'ambiente esterno.
APPRENDIMENTO E CAMBIAMENTO NELLE POLITICHE PUBBLICHE. IL RUOLO DELLE IDEE E DELLA CONOSCENZA
Authors: Gualmini Elisabetta
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

Le più recenti direzioni di ricerca nell'ambito dell'analisi delle politiche pubbliche rivelano un interesse sempre più marcato verso lo studio delle componenti cognitive del fenomeno politico: le idee e gli assunti normativi che informano l'azione dei decisori pubblici1. Un'ampia letteratura, di prevalente origine anglosassone, si è sviluppata intorno al concetto dipolicy learning, inteso come processo di revisione degli obiettivi e degli strumenti contenuti nei programmi pubblici, nonché delle premesse di valore a cui essi rimandano, in risposta agli errori cumulati nell'esperienza passata, all'acquisizione di nuove informazioni e all'innescarsi di logiche imitative. Più in dettaglio, si individuano tre tematiche salienti intorno alle quali pare meritorio interrogare questa letteratura: la possibilità di spiegare il cambiamento nelle politiche pubbliche accostando alle variabili strutturali, prevalentemente riconducibili alla fenomenologia del potere e del conflitto, le dimensioni cognitive da cui esse non possono prescindere; il riconoscimento della rilevanza della conoscenza e della circolazione delle idee non solo come fonti di innovazione, ma comeframesentro cui la formulazione stessa dei problemi dipolicy, la loro salienza e la loro trattabilità vengono costruite socialmente; l'accettazione dell'indeterminatezza causale e dell'ambiguità strutturale nella descrizione (e spiegazione) del rapporto tra attori, problemi e soluzioni.