bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Educación Plástica, Visual y Audiovisual en el currículo español de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Estudio comparado entre comunidades autónomas
Authors: Mateu-Luján Borja
Published: September 2021

Las políticas educativas internacionales derivadas de la OCDE y la Unión Europea apuntan que los sistemas educativos deberían priorizar los aprendizajes instrumentales sobre los artísticos y los humanísticos. Siguiendo estas directrices, en España, con la implantación de la LOMCE (2013), la Educación Plástica, Visual y Audiovisual pasó a ser una asignatura optativa. Así, solo se cursa de forma obligatoria en aquellas comunidades autónomas que lo han establecido en su legislación. En concreto, en este artículo se analiza cuál es la situación de la Educación Plástica, Visual y Audiovisual dentro de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Para tal propósito se ha realizado un estudio comparado entre las legislaciones que configuran cada uno de los currículos autonómicos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo la Educación Plástica, Visual y Audiovisual se cursa en España de forma obligatoria con una media de casi 4 sesiones a lo largo de la ESO, aunque cabe destacar que todas estas sesiones se agrupan en el 1er ciclo. Si le otorgamos un valor mínimo de 50 minutos a cada una de las sesiones, obtenemos que en España durante la ESO se cursa un mínimo de 3 h y 6 min de Educación Plástica, Visual y Audiovisual. No obstante, las diferencias entre comunidades son muy significativas. A modo de ejemplo, encontramos que Aragón, con 6 sesiones, dispone del doble de sesiones que Castilla-La Mancha y el triple que las Islas Canarias. Empero, a estas grandes desigualdades horarias entre territorios también cabe sumar las desigualdades existentes entre los aprendizajes que se adquieren. En este sentido, las comunidades autónomas de Cataluña y el País Vasco no han definido sus currículos de acuerdo con el Real Decreto 1105/2014. Finalmente, más allá de las diferencias territoriales que permita la legislación española, la Educación Plástica, Visual y Audiovisual debería ser obligatoria en todos los territorios, ya que, sin ella, estamos privando a gran parte de la población de conseguir el pleno desarrollo de la personalidad.
Un cadre d’intervention à l’épreuve du réel : développer l’activité d’un groupe de formateurs d’enseignants
Authors: Yvon Frédéric , Join-Lambert Rose
Published: September 2021

Cet article cherche à monter en quoi la tradition de l’analyse ergonomique du travail offre un cadre pour des recherches participatives à visée transformative. On illustre cette proposition par le récit d’une intervention auprès de formateurs d’enseignants. Cette recherche menée en collaboration avec les acteurs a été marquée par un déplacement. Initialement, elle avait pour objet la transformation des pratiques de formation de ce groupe. L’intervention a cependant pris acte au fur et à mesure de la richesse de l’expertise développée par le collectif de travail. L’objet final a donc été d’expliciter et de faire reconnaître cette expérience collective de manière à agir sur l’organisation du travail. Elle a aussi conduit le chercheur et les formateurs à s’interroger sur les « mots du métier » de manière à rendre communicable l’expérience professionnelle de la formation. Ce faisant, nous sommes du même coup amenés à proposer des développements de la méthodologie et des concepts de l’intervention.
Classification of Internet memes in realities of 2021
Authors: Ryzhkov Kirill  Leonidovich
Published: September 2021

The subject of this research is the corpus of the Internet memes of the English-language and Russian-language segments of the Internet. The object is the classification of the Internet memes, the division of relevant memes into the categories on various grounds. The author explores the emergence of new methods of content creation on the Internet, proliferation of popular culture and use of the concept of post-irony, as well as reflection of the latest social and political events in memes. Special attention is given to the detailed analysis of specific examples of the internet memes and their modifications by the users: the format of meme implies variability and possible modification by any content consumer. The main conclusions lies in the highlighted and illustrated examples of the new categories of Internet memes. The author’s special contribution consists in determination of the new categories of memes: post-ironic memes; memes created and spread via TikTok platform; and memes related to the reflection of coronavirus infection and its consequences in popular culture. The novelty of this research is define by classification and description of the aforementioned categories of Internet memes, as well as by outlining the prospects for further expansion of the classification. The article employs the methods of contextual and structural analysis of the corpus of the Internet memes; determines and groups the types of meme variations; and describes the potential for their transformation.
Stimulation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons suppresses colorectal cancer progression in mice
Authors: Pan Susu , Yin Kaili , Tang Zhiwei , Wang Shuren , Chen Zhuo , Wang Yirong , Zhu Hongxia , Han Yunyun , Liu Mei , Jiang Man , Xu Ningzhi , Zhang Guo
Published: September 2021

Emerging evidence suggests that the nervous system is involved in tumor development in the periphery, however, the role of the central nervous system remains largely unknown. Here, by combining genetic, chemogenetic, pharmacological, and electrophysiological approaches, we show that hypothalamic oxytocin (Oxt)-producing neurons modulate colitis-associated cancer (CAC) progression in mice. Depletion or activation of Oxt neurons could augment or suppress CAC progression. Importantly, brain treatment with celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, excites Oxt neurons and inhibits CAC progression, and this anti-tumor effect was significantly attenuated in Oxt neuron-lesioned mice. Furthermore, brain treatment with celastrol suppresses sympathetic neuronal activity in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion (CG-SMG), and activation of β2 adrenergic receptor abolishes the anti-tumor effect of Oxt neuron activation or centrally administered celastrol. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that hypothalamic Oxt neurons regulate CAC progression by modulating the neuronal activity in the CG-SMG. Stimulation of Oxt neurons using chemicals, for example, celastrol, might be a novel strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.
Determining relevant traits for selecting landrace accessions of Phaseolus lunatus L. for insect resistance
Authors: Ruiz-Santiago Roberto Rafael , Ballina-Gómez Horacio Salómon , Ruiz-Sánchez Esau , Martínez-Castillo Jaime , Garruña-Hernández René , Andueza-Noh Rubén Humberto
Published: September 2021

Plant-insect interactions are a determining factor for sustainable crop production. Although plants can resist or tolerate herbivorous insects to varying degrees, even with the use of pesticides, insects can reduce plant net productivity by as much as 20%, so sustainable strategies for pest control with less dependence on chemicals are needed. Selecting plants with optimal resistance and photosynthetic traits can help minimize damage and maintain productivity. Here, 27 landrace accessions of lima beans, Phaseolus lunatus L., from the Yucatan Peninsula were evaluated in the field for morphological resistance traits, photosynthetic characteristics, insect damage and seed yield. Variation was found in physical leaf traits (number, area, and dry mass of leaves; trichome density, specific leaf thickness and hardness) and in physiological traits (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon, water-use efficiency, and transpiration). Five accessions (JMC1325, JMC1288, JMC1339, JMC1208 and JMC1264) had the lowest index for cumulative damage with the highest seed yield, although RDA analysis uncovered two accessions (JMC1339, JMC1288) with strong positive association of seed yield and the cumulative damage index with leaf production, specific leaf area (SLA) and total leaf area. Leaf traits, including SLA and total leaf area are important drivers for optimizing seed yield. This study identified 12 important morphological and physiological leaf traits for selecting landrace accessions of P. lunatus for high yields (regardless of damage level) to achieve sustainable, environmentally safe crop production.
Creditable Health Information? An Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Messages on YouTube
Authors: Chia-Chen Chen Angela , Reifsnider Elizabeth , Ou Lihong , Samrock Steven , Vemuri Renuka , Lim Lance , Hock Gail , Lu Davis
Published: September 2021

Aims: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally. Vaccination is effective in preventing HPV-associated cancers and is recommended for children at ages 11-12; however, the vaccination rate is suboptimal. Credible information about HPV vaccine in social media will help the public make effective healthcare decisions. This study analyzed YouTube videos about HPV vaccine.

Study Design: Descriptive study. 

Place and Duration of Study: Videos in English posted on YouTube during 2006-2020.

Methodology: We used purposive sampling to select and conduct a quantitative content analysis of 151 YouTube videos that met the criteria. An instrument including video characteristics and theoretical constructs of the Health Belief Model was used to code the videos. Three researchers independently coded the data; another three verified the accuracy. The team discussed discrepancies until reaching a consensus. We conducted descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The major source of videos were medical centers/hospitals (26%), government (22%), media (20%), and consumers (15%). About 80% of the videos were positive in tone. Information covered included vaccine knowledge (85.4%), benefits (81.5%), severity if infected (79.5%), susceptibility (60.9%), and barriers (37.7%). The primary vaccination barriers were lack of knowledge of HPV and vaccine (12.6%), worries about adverse events/safety of vaccine (14.6%) and its side effects (9.3%). Videos in neutral tone had the highest number of views, likes and dislikes. Negative tone was mostly found in videos made by consumers and media while positive tone was found in videos made by governmental agencies and medical center/hospital.  

Conclusion: Despite YouTube being a popular avenue to disseminate health information and influence care, the HPV-related information on YouTube is mixed. Anecdotal health information without scientific support can mislead individuals’ decision in vaccination. Educational videos with comprehensive and accurate HPV information addressing barriers are imperative to promote vaccination and prevent HPV-related cancers.
Exogenous Spermine Mitigate Adversities of Salinity Induced Oxidative Stress through Antioxidant Metabolites in Wheat
Authors: Raghavendra Midathala , Rao Dommalapati Sudhakara , Kumar Naresh , Madan Shashi , Munjal Renu
Published: September 2021

Change in climatic scenarios due to global warming is characterized by extreme climate variability, land and water degradation which resulted in water scarcity. Accumulation of salts at the surface and sub-surface layers of soils affect crop production of major cereals which is a constraint in sustainable food production. Salinity is a major challenge to tackle wheat cultivation and harness productivity in arid and semi-arid regions of India. In the present investigation, mitigation of salinity induced oxidative stress through exogenous application of spermine (Spm) in four wheat genotypes was studied in relation to antioxidant metabolites. The levels of O2.- increased with increasing levels of salinity in wheat flag leaves. DBW 88 showed the levels of O2.- of 11.75 nmol g-1 FW and 15.74 nmol g-1 FW (at 8 dSm-1 and 12 dSm-1 respectively) at 21 Days After Sowing (DAS) and application of Spm decreased the O2.- content under control and saline stressed conditions at 8 dSm-1 and 12 dSm-1. Hydrogen peroxide content was increased with increasing levels of salinity in all the wheat varieties at 21 DAS. However, the increase was more in the case of DBW 88 when compared with HD 3086. Treatment of Spm decreased the H2O2 content when compared with control and saline stressed wheat varieties. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased with increasing levels of salinity at 21 DAS. The highest increase in MDA content was seen in DBW 88 whereas the lowest increase was found in Kharchia 65. Application of Spm decreased the MDA content under control at both levels of salinity treated wheat varieties. The carotenoid content decreased with increasing levels of salinity in all four wheat varieties. However, the decrease was more in DBW 88 when compared with other varieties viz. HD 3086, Kharchia 65 and KRL 210 at 21 DAS. Exogenous Spm increased the carotenoids content in all four wheat varieties irrespective of the salinity. The leaves of Kharchia 65 and KRL 210 had higher levels of ascorbic acid as compared to that of DBW 88 and HD 3086. Increased content of carotenoid was observed in Spm-treated wheat. Exogenous application of Spm increased the ascorbic acid content in control at both levels of salt stress. The glutathione content increased with an increase in salinity treatment in all the varieties however, a higher increase was observed in Kharchia 65. Exogenous Spm increased the glutathione content in all the varieties irrespective of salinity stress. The results presented in the study indicated that the exogenous application of Spm improved their tolerance levels under salinity.
Application Technology in the use of Correctives in Corn Culture
Authors: Shimada Belmiro Saburo , Simon Marcos Vinícius , Souza Inglid Laís Batista Cunha de , Tonin Fabiana
Published: September 2021

Corn is one of the most cultivated cereals in the world and is used for various purposes and its production is linked to its economic importance, requiring the use of means and methods that enable the increase of its production and one of them is the correction of the ground. The objective of this work is to carry out a brief literature review on the application technology in the use of correctives in the corn crop, highlighting the benefits of its use and the need for its use in the crop. The present study was developed based on a literature review and relevant research on the technology of application of correctives in corn crop, highlighting the benefits of its use and the need for its use in corn crop. Agriculture went through a long development, improving its production system and application technology came with one of the alternatives helping to maintain and improve soil quality, enabling the application of correctives in the soil with greater efficiency. The need for soil correction has to do with the relationship between the plant and the soil, highlighting the acidity, which in many cases is a problem for the cultivation of crops. The use of correctives to correct soil acidity brings many benefits to the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, reduces fertilizer losses caused by leaching, provides calcium and magnesium to the soil adjusting the soil profile so that plants can benefit from available nutrients. Thus, application technology is essential for the corn crop and for the entire production system, even more in the application of correctives, as acidity is one of the causes of yield limitations. Thus, application technology favors soil correction, ensuring the benefits provided by proper application, becoming a means of increasing crop productivity and corn as well, due to the various productive aspects provided by the correct application in the soil.
Experimental Investigation of Heat Losses from a Heat Pipe Based Parabolic Trough Collector used for Direct Steam Generation
Authors: Tersoo Abiem Louis , Olufemi Akoshile Clement
Published: September 2021

The performance of a thermosiphon based parabolic trough collector (PTC) used for direct steam generation depends largely on the heat losses of the solar thermal system. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the heat losses in a thermosiphon based solar thermal system that used a linear receiver with a PTC for the generation of low temperature steam. A locally constructed PTC was used to concentrate sun rays to a linear copper pipe enclosed in an evacuated glass tube and held at the focal line of the PTC to heat water and generate steam. Circulation of the water in the closed-loop solar thermal system was through natural convection. A solar meter was used to measure the incident radiation flux at the experimental site and PT100 temperature sensors were installed at different points of the system to measure the temperature distribution within the system. The thermal efficiency and overall heat losses of the system were investigated by fitting the experimental data to standard equations. The results showed that the instantaneous thermal efficiency of the system was 46.48%, 43.1% and 45.32% respectively for three days examined. The overall heat losses in the system were 1211.95, 974.32 and 911.26 kwh per day respectively for the three days investigated. Heat losses from the tank accounted for over 83% of the losses for all the days examined. The evacuated glass tube reduced heat losses from the receiver to very low values of 2.31, 1.63 and 1.43 KWh per day respectively for the three days tested. The use of a better insulating material on the tank was recommended to reduce convective and conductive heat losses, thereby enhancing the performance of the system.
Dengue Shock Syndrome Complicating High Risk Twin Pregnancy during Late Gestation: Extinguishing Fuel added Flames
Authors: Madaan Sparsh , Talwar Dhruv , Kumar Sunil , Jaiswal Arpita , Acharya Neema , Eleti Manila Reddy
Published: September 2021

Incidence of Dengue has been on the up rise ever since the second wave of the pandemic of COVID19 has ended introducing an old enemy on the frontline to the health care professionals.A 28 year old Gravida 2 Parity 0 Living 0 Abortion 1 with twin pregnancy presented with fever along with chills and retro orbital pain along with body ache since two days in the emergency department  with the gestational age of 36 weeks.She tested positive for Dengue NS1 antigen.Patient was having thrombocytopenia and was managed with intravenous fluids,platelet and blood transfusion and was taken for caesarian section and she delivered twins with normal birth weight.During the post operative period the patient went into dengue shock syndrome and which was managed with fluids and inotropic support and patient ultimately recovered and was discharged on day seventeen of admission .This case report emphasises on the importance of prompt detection and management of dengue in a case of high risk pregnancy such as twin pregnancy.After extensive review of literature we found that this is the first case report to report the association of twin pregnancy with dengue shock syndrome making it an important topic of discussion.
Determination of Professional Behaviours among Nurses Working at a Selected Teaching Hospital in India
Authors: Alshahrani Shadia Hamoud , Paulsamy Premalatha , Qureshi Absar Ahmed , Venkatesan Krishnaraju , Lobelle E. Eva , Mohamed Sanaa , Sethuraj Pranave
Published: September 2021

Nursing is an essential component of all healthcare services, with the potential to have a significant and long-term impact on health outcomes for the world's ageing population. As their professional behaviour plays a major role in improving the quality of patient care, this study was conducted to determine the professional behaviour of nurses. A descriptive and cross-sectional study design was selected with fifty nurses working in a selected teaching hospital who were selected using convenient sampling technique. The Behavioural Inventory for Professionalism in Nursing (BIPN) was used to determine the professional behaviour of nurses. The inventory has a total possible composite score of 27. All of the items were dichotomous and questioned about the nurse's actions in the last two years. The autonomy and research were the areas where nurses receive the lowest mean ratings from the BIPN subscales. The nurse's mean scores in the areas of competence and continuous education (mean = 1.97), educational preparedness (mean = 1.87) and application of theory (mean = 1.73) were the highest with the mean total score from BIPN was 10.44± 3.55. The results showed that age, gender, nurses' role, their years of experience and educational status had a statistically significant association with professional behaviour. Hence, the ways to improve the professional behaviour among nurses to be investigated and must be supported to uplift the image of nursing and the quality of patient care.
DFT Calculations and Total Antioxidant Capacity Studies of some Substituted Monodentate Salicylaldimines
Authors: Iyewumi Demehin, Abidemi
Published: September 2021

Three substituted monodentate salicylaldimines namely 5-chloro-N-[(2- methoxy) phenyl] salicylaldimine [I],  5-chloro-N-[(4-chloro)phenyl]salicylaldimine [II] and 5-chloro-N-[(2-methyl-5-chloro)phenyl] salicylaldimine [III] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H and 13C NMR. Theoretical calculations were also performed on the optimized structures of the compounds. The IR, NMR and UV spectra of the compounds were calculated and the results compared with the corresponding experimental spectra to augment the structural elucidation. The calculated IR, NMR and UV values were in agreement with the experimental results. The total antioxidant capacities of the compounds were determined by phosphomolybdenum assay.
Moser, Brian (1935–2023)
Authors: Henley Paul
Published: December 2024

Brian Moser was a key figure in the development of a distinctively British ethnographic film format through his role as the founding series producer of the long‐running and much copied Granada Television strand,
Disappearing World
(1970–93). The format of this strand broke with previous presenter‐led television formats, aiming instead to provide greater access to the voice of the film subjects. It was also innovative in that every film was typically based directly on the fieldwork of an academic anthropologist who participated at every stage of the production. Moser also contributed to the refinement of the format through his own work as a director, making a number of films that represent prime examples of this way of doing ethnographic filmmaking.
Metal Ion “Adjuvant” [Si─O4] Tetrahedron Addresses Coagulation Interruption and Promotes Multi‐Tissue Regeneration via Smart Ionic Capturing and Cell Membrane Transporting
Authors: Xie Lv , Shan Zhengjie , Zhang Linjun , He Xinyi , Gui Mixiao , Zhang Yingye , Xue Junlong , Ye Chen , Zou Yang , Su Mengxi , Chen Zhuofan , Wu Shiyu , Xiao Yin , Chen Zetao
Published: December 2024

Metal ions have regulatory activities of multi‐tissue regeneration but usually interrupt early coagulation, resulting in an abnormal hematoma structure that is not conducive to long‐term repair or regeneration. To address free metal ions immobilization during the coagulation phase and effectively promote ionic bioactivities through controlled macrophage uptake after coagulation, metal ion “adjuvants” are required. [Si─O4] tetrahedron has a unique coordination tetrahedral structure to capture various metal ions and adsorb plasma proteins such as fibrinogen to facilitate macrophage uptake via receptor‐mediated endocytosis during the degradation of the fibrin network. Taking advantage of the hypoxia induction and tissue regeneration ability of copper ions, Cu[Si─O4] tetrahedrons are prepared which successfully immobilized copper ions and addressed the coagulation interruption. Cu[Si─O4] tetrahedrons effectively promote copper ionic uptake by macrophages via LRP1‐mediated endocytosis to create a hypoxia microenvironment and promote periodontal multi‐tissue regeneration. Therefore, [Si─O4] tetrahedron is a kind of advanced multifunctional metal ion “adjuvants” that can capture metal ions and assist their transmembrane transporting to address metal ion‐induced coagulation interruption and promote multi‐tissue regeneration, providing a new strategy for metal ion‐mediated biotherapy research.
Designing Highly Strain‐Responsive and Recyclable Sensors Via Multilevel Strong and Weak Dynamic Structures Under Low Strain
Authors: Yang Tiantai , Xu Hualiang , Liu Zhimeng , Xiao Yao , Fu Xiaowei , Lei Yuan , Lei Jingxin , Jiang Liang
Published: December 2024

Accurate detection of minute external strains is crucial for the development of efficient strain‐responsive sensors. However, designing a recyclable strain‐responsive sensor that simultaneously combines high sensitivity at low strain levels, excellent mechanical properties, and cost‐effectiveness remains a significant challenge. In this study, a strain‐responsive sensor named Cu2+‐crosslinked conductive acrylic resin (PAV/Cu2+‐CB‐x) has been designed by integrating conductive carbon black (CB) into an acrylic resin matrix crossed by Cu2+ to form a hierarchical dynamic network. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that this molecular structure consists of multilevel strong and weak dynamic bonds: weaker coordination bonds and hydrogen bonds endow this sensor with exceptional sensitivity to minor strains, while stronger ionic bonds ensure superior mechanical properties. This meticulous molecular design enables the PAV/Cu2+‐CB‐x to exhibit a tensile strength of 7.16 MPa, an elongation at break of 355.50%, high conductivity of 0.294 S cm−1, and excellent sensitivity under the strains below 5% (gauge factor = 8.24). Additionally, this PAV/Cu2+‐CB‐x demonstrates a remarkable tensile strength recovery rate of 95.35% after multiple recycling. When applied as a strain‐responsive sensor, it can precisely capture movements of human joints and throat activity. This work provides a promising solution for future applications in motion detection and voice recognition.
Enzymatic Redox‐Mediated Fabrication of Textiles with Multimode Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity through Embedding Nanosilver in Dynamic Polydisulfide Networks
Authors: Wu Leilei , Li Zirong , Bao Xueming , Cheng Xingyi , Deng Chao , Yu Yuanyuan , Wang Qiang , Wang Ping
Published: December 2024

The adhesion and proliferation of bacteria on textiles can lead to unacceptable cross‐infection and potential contamination. Herein, an antimicrobial and anti‐adhesive textile is prepared through enzymatic redox‐mediated fabrication of nanosilver‐embedded polydisulfide networks. Specifically, γ‐methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is introduced to cotton fibers to build a reactive hydrophobic layer. Subsequently, α‐lipoic acid‐modified tyramine (mTA) is oxidized using horseradish peroxidase and enzymatically grafted onto the vinylated cotton, producing brown polyphenols containing dynamic disulfide bonds. Ultimately, in situ reduction and entrapment of nanosilver are accomplished by the sulfhydryl groups generated from mTA units, forming an antimicrobial network on fiber surfaces. After contact with bacteria for 30 min or fungi for 3 h, the antibacterial rates of the resulting fabric both reach 99.99%. Benefiting from the encouraging photothermal conversion property, bacteria and fungi on fabric surfaces can be killed after 10 min of irradiation at 100 mW cm−2, demonstrating multimode synergistic antibacterial activity. Strikingly, the fabric has impressively durable antimicrobial and bacterial anti‐adhesive properties, maintaining a high bactericidal efficiency after cyclic bacterial contamination tests. Besides, in situ coloring of the fabric is realized while maintaining its inherent wearability, accompanying by satisfactory biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. The presented work provides novel insights into the design and construction of highly efficient antimicrobial textiles.
Polymer Brush Growth by Surface‐Initiated Ring‐Opening Polymerization from a Cross‐Linked Polymer Thin Film
Authors: Betancourt‐Ponce Miguel , Govindarajan Bharathan , Pike Jacob , Gopalan Padma
Published: December 2024

Modification of a surface with polymer brushes has emerged as an effective approach to tune the properties of a substrate. Brushes grown from an inimer‐containing cross‐linkable polymer coating provide significant advantages compared to other “grafting‐from” methods, such as improved stability, increased grafting density, and the potential to control the grafting density. So far, the inimer coating method has only been applied for surface‐initiated controlled radical polymerizations. In this work, an approach is presented for the fabrication of a stable cross‐linked ultra‐thin polymer coating containing hydroxyl groups which serve as initiating sites for surface‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization (SI‐ROP). The polymers used for the fabrication of the coatings consist of 2‐((tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐yl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate (THPEMA), a small fraction of a cross‐linkable unit, and a diluent styrene. Three coatings with varying THPEMA and styrene content are fabricated, and poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) brushes are grown by SI‐ROP of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), and ε‐caprolactone respectively. The brushes are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), static contact angle measurements, ellipsometry and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results demonstrate a well‐controlled ROP of D3 and ability to control grafting density by tuning the THPEMA content of the coatings.
In Vivo‐Like Scaffold‐Free 3D In Vitro Models of Muscular Dystrophies: The Case for Anchored Cell Sheet Engineering in Personalized Medicine
Authors: Shahin‐Shamsabadi Alireza , Cappuccitti John
Published: December 2024

Progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms of muscular dystrophies is hindered by the lack of pathophysiologically relevant in vitro models. Here, an entirely scaffold‐free anchored cell sheet engineering platform is used to create patient‐specific three‐dimensional (3D) skeletal muscle in vitro models. This approach effectively replicates mature muscle phenotypes and tissue‐ and disease‐specific extracellular matric (ECM). Models were developed using primary cells from healthy individuals and patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Through a combination of quantified histological staining (Hematoxylin & Eosin, Movat's Pentachrome, Masson's Trichrome) and immunostaining (desmin, myosin heavy chain, laminin, and dystrophin), it was demonstrated that the models formed mature constructs closely resembling their respective in vivo conditions. Proteomics analysis revealed that the models exhibited appropriate upregulation and downregulation of disease‐relevant pathways. Models of diseased tissues accurately reflected key phenotypic features of the diseases, including alterations in muscle fiber integrity and ECM composition. Upon treatment with therapeutically beneficial drugs, significant changes in their proteomic profiles were documented, highlighting the models’ potential for drug screening. This novel in vitro modeling approach, unlike other 3D techniques that rely on exogenous biomaterials that interfere with natural cellular behaviors, provides a promising platform for studying muscular dystrophies.
A Versatile and High‐Resolution Hydrogel Platform for Volumetric Additive Manufacturing Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate and Alginate Blends
Authors: Hall Patrick C. , Chasko DeShea , Wheeler Tim , Ostojich Diana , Aptecker Judah , Liashenko Ievgenii , Luxenhofer Robert , Lindberg Gabriella C.J. , Dalton Paul D.
Published: December 2024

Volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) has emerged as a potent method for fabricating complex structures out of soft materials such as hydrogels. In this study, a low‐cost photopolymer platform is developed based on low molecular weight poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and alginate (Alg) blends which reduces material costs ≈1000x. By adding non‐crosslinked 0.5 wt.% of Alg to these 5, 10, or 15 wt.% PEGDA precursor solutions, the viscosity is raised from <1 mPa*s to 50 mPa*s, which enables VAM of low molecular weight PEGDA. The fabricated hydrogels have customizable mechanical properties, ranging from 14 ± 4 kPa to 90 ± 24 kPa, and 289 ±121 kPa and correspond to equilibrium water contents of 96.8 ± 0.3%, 91.2% ± 0.8% and 84.1% ± 0.9%. The printed structures have minimum feature sizes ranging between 56 ± 9 µm for 5 wt.% PEGDA + 0.5 wt.% Alg, 47 ± 12 µm for 10 wt.% PEGDA + 0.5 wt.% Alg, and 39 ± 7 µm for 15 wt.% PEGDA + 0.5 wt.% Alg. Additionally, these materials are printable into designs with internal voids, unsupported struts, and interlocked features. This work establishes a low cost, mechanically tunable hydrogel platform for VAM which can improve accessibility and adoption.
MLLT3 Regulates Melanoma Stemness and Progression by Inhibiting HMGB1 Nuclear Entry and MAGEA1 M5C Modification
Authors: Li Yaling , Liu Hong , Li Jingyi , Fu Chang , Jiang Bin , Chen Bancheng , Zou Yanfen , Yu Bo , Song Bing
Published: December 2024

Melanoma stem cells are a kind of cells with self‐renewal and multi‐directional differentiation potential. They are one of the key factors in the occurrence, development and metastasis of melanoma. This study demonstrates that MLLT3 is a transcription factor that regulates the stemness and progression of melanoma. MLLT3 interacted with HMGB1 to inhibit its entry into the nucleus, MLLT3 interacted with YBX1 to inhibit its reading of m5C of MAGEA1, thereby inhibiting the mRNA stability of MAGEA1, and directly transcribed P53 to inhibit the stemness, proliferation and metastasis of melanoma cells. This study further explored the potential mechanism of the interaction between miR‐542‐3p/miR‐3922‐3p and MLLT3. Furthermore, the scRNA‐seq of melanoma cells with MLLT3 knock‐out resulted in important changes in cell subsets, activating the TP53 and MAPK pathways and transforming into stem cells. The results indicate that the transcription factor MLLT3 is a suppressor gene that regulates the stemness and progression of melanoma, and is expected to become a target for melanoma therapy.
Tunable Picoliter‐Scale Dropicle Formation Using Amphiphilic Microparticles with Patterned Hydrophilic Patches
Authors: Song Xinpei , Udani Shreya , Ouyang Mengxing , Sahin Mehmet Akif , Di Carlo Dino , Destgeer Ghulam
Published: December 2024

Microparticle‐templated droplets or dropicles have recently gained interest in the fields of diagnostic immunoassays, single‐cell analysis, and digital molecular biology. Amphiphilic particles have been shown to spontaneously capture aqueous droplets within their cavities upon mixing with an immiscible oil phase, where each particle templates a single droplet. Here, an amphiphilic microparticle with four discrete hydrophilic patches embedded at the inner corners of a square‐shaped hydrophobic outer ring of the particle (4C particle) is fabricated. Three dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations predict droplet formation dynamics and differing equilibrium conditions depending on the patterning configuration. Experiments recapitulate equilibrium conditions, enabling tunable dropicle configurations with reproducible volumes down to ≈200 pL templated by the amphiphilic particles. The dropicle configurations depend predominantly on the size of the hydrophilic patches of the 4C particles. This validates that the modeling approach can inform the design of dropicles with varying volumes and numbers per particle, which can be harnessed in new amplified bioassays for greater sensitivity, dynamic range, and statistical confidence.
Recycling Bottom Ash and Steel Slag Containing CaO into Electrically Insulating and Heat‐Dissipating Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Kang Joo Han , Kang Min Gyeong , Hong Jae Jin , Kim Mi Na , Choi Woo Seong , Oh Myung Jun , Kim Seong Yun
Published: December 2024

Bottom ash (BA) and steel slag (SS) wastes are generated in large quantities and primarily recycled as raw materials for concrete. However, the influx of expansive components can cause pop‐outs in concrete and reduce the mechanical properties of concrete, prompting the need for alternative recycling methods. Herein, as a new method of recycling BA and SS, an electrically insulating and thermally conductive thermal interface material (TIM) is proposed by incorporating BA or SS filler into a polymer. CaO, which has historically been an obstacle to efficient recycling BA and SS into concrete, is found to improve the thermal conductivity of TIMs. The resulting TIMs exhibit both effective electrical insulation (<2.99 × 10−9 S m−1) and thermal dissipation (3.64 W m−1 K−1) properties. The proposed recycling method based on BA and SS can contribute to the development of low‐cost, electrically insulating, and heat‐dissipating TIMs.
Extraction of valuable metals from waste Li‐ion batteries by deep eutectic solvent: Experimental and mechanism analysis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Hai , Hu Ruoyu , Zhou Yan , Wang Shuai , Qi Jianguang , Wang Yinglong , Zhu Zhaoyou , Li Guoxuan
Published: December 2024

A novel phospho‐based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) is proposed to selectively extract valuable metals from waste lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Under the optimized extraction conditions, the single‐stage extraction efficiency of HDES [TOP][Lid] for Co2+ and Ni2+ were 98.5% and 83.9%, and HDES [TBP][Lid] for Co2+ and Ni2+ were 96.0% and 82.9%, and Li+ was enriched in the extract. FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and ESP analysis confirmed the hydrogen bond between HBD and HBA. The metal ion extraction mechanism by HDESs was analyzed based on quantum chemistry (QC) and molecular dynamics (MD). The extraction mechanism at the molecular level is that electrostatic and coordination interactions between transition metal ions and HDESs dominate the extraction of metal ions (Co2+ and Ni2+). The interaction intensity with HDESs was stronger than that between Li+ and HDESs.
Peripheral risk factors and their role in biomarker‐based screening for dementia in the community
Authors: Hu Yi‐Han , Meirelles Osorio , Shiroma Eric J. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Seshadri Sudha , Tracy Russell P. , Gudnason Vilmundur , Launer Lenore J.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Peripheral risk factors (PRFs) may correlate with dementia plasma biomarkers, potentially reflecting peripheral rather than brain health. This study explores the associations between PRFs and plasma biomarkers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and total‐tau, and their role in predicting future dementia.

METHODS

Data from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility–Reykjavik Study (2002–2015) included 4353 participants mean age of 76.6 years. A subsample of 910 participants tested their association with PRFs and plasma biomarkers’ predictive performance. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, sensory, and lifestyle variables (n = 305) were grouped into 34 clusters.

RESULTS

Besides age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), significant associations were found between plasma biomarkers and clusters related to hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution, and inflammation. Incorporating these clusters into predictive models enhanced precision and sensitivity, though overall prediction improvement was modest (area under the precision‐recall curve: GFAP 0.17 to 0.34, NfL 0.20 to 0.38).

DISCUSSION

PRFs are significantly associated with dementia plasma biomarkers; Considering these factors may enhance the predictive accuracy of dementia biomarkers.

Highlights

Machine learning identifies key peripheral factors influencing neurodegenerative biomarkers.

Hemoglobin and red blood cell distribution cluster associates significantly with biomarker levels.

Incorporating diverse peripheral factors modestly enhances incident dementia prediction accuracy in community settings.
Alkene Epoxidation with Water by Confined Active Co Sites on BiVO4 Photoanodes under Visible Light
Authors: Wu Haisu , Wang Yankun , Huang Meirong , Cheng Jiajia , Sa Baisheng , Fang Yuanxing , Wang Xinchen
Published: December 2024

Heterogeneous photoelectrocatalysis systems have recently seen significant growth in organic transformations, but are limited by the inherent physicochemical properties of electrode materials. To enhance selectivity in these processes, we propose an innovative advancement in the rational design of photoanodes. Specifically, we incorporated cobalt porphyrin co‐catalysts with confined Co sites onto bismuth vanadate films as a photoanode. This photoanode significantly enhances the efficacy of styrene epoxidation, achieving selectivity and conversion rates of 90 % and 99 %, respectively. Notably, the reaction utilizes water as the sole oxygen source, operates at room temperature, and is easily scalable for gram‐scale synthesis. The developed photoanode demonstrates robust performance across various alkene substrates. Operando characterizations reveal that during the epoxidation reaction, the confined Co sites within the porphyrin structure catalyze the oxidation of H2O to form Co−O*, serving as critical intermediates that facilitate cyclization reactions via one‐electron processes. This study introduces an innovative heterogeneous photoelectrocatalysis strategy with customizable active sites tailored for selective catalytic organic transformations.
Solvent‐Free Chemical Recycling of Polyesters and Polycarbonates by Magnesium‐Based Lewis Acid Catalyst
Authors: Zhao Wuchao , Guo Zongpeng , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao
Published: December 2024

Developing a simple and efficient catalyst system for closed‐loop recycling of polymers to monomers is an essentially important but challenging task for the recycle of polymer wastes and preventing the downcycle of plastic products. Herein, we employ inexpensive, commercially available Lewis acids (LAs) to achieve closed‐loop recycling in bulk through the catalytic depolymerization of aliphatic polyesters and polycarbonates. The scope of LAs is screened by thermogravimetric analysis experiments and distillation experiments. MgCl2 shows the best catalytic performance that can efficiently depolymerize eleven aliphatic polyesters and polycarbonates (i.e. poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) and poly(trimethylene carbonate)), into monomers (up to 98 % yield) at temperatures significantly lower than the ceiling temperature. Moreover, this catalyst system exhibits high selectivity and compatibility towards the depolymerization of (co)polyesters as well as the blends of polyesters and polycarbonates in the presence of other commodity plastics, as well as excellent recycle and reuse catalyst performance. Mechanistic studies indicate that the closed‐loop recycling of monomers is achieved through the random chain scission and terminal group cyclization.
Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activities of Multi‐Functional C2‐Functionalized 1,4‐Naphthoquinonyl Organoseleniums
Authors: Jha Raushan Kumar , Chhavi  , Jaiswal Svastik , Parganiha Devendra , Choudhary Vishal , Saxena Deepanshi , Maitra Rahul , Singh Swechcha , Chopra Sidharth , Kumar Sangit
Published: December 2024

A practical and efficient reaction for C2‐selenylation of 1,4‐naphthoquinones has been explored. This coupling reaction of two redox structural motifs, such as 2‐bromo‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with diaryldiselenide/ebselen has been achieved by using sodium borohydride reducing agent at room temperature. Using this approach, several 2‐selenylated‐1,4‐naphthoquinones were obtained in moderate to good yields and thoroughly characterized by multinuclear (1H, 13C, and 77Se) NMR, cyclic voltammetry, and mass spectrometry. Further, light‐irradiated thiolation of the synthesized selenazinone was also performed to show the utility of the synthesized compound for post‐functionalization. Several 2‐selenylated‐1,4‐naphthoquinones were studied by SC‐XRD in which intramolecular Se⋅⋅⋅N (from quinolinyl ligand) non‐bonded interactions were observed. Photophysical studies (UV‐visible, emission, solvatochromism, and quantum yield) were also performed on selected C2‐selenylated naphthoquinones. The naphthoquinonyl organoseleniums were also screened for their antibacterial properties and quinonyl organoselenium 5 d shows good antibacterial potential against S. aureus ATCC 29213 with MIC 0.5 μg/mL and a Selectivity Index of >200. Moreover, it also exhibited equipotent activity against various strains of S. aureus and Enterococcus faecium, including strains resistant to vancomycin and meropenem. From structure‐activity correlation, it seems that nice blend of oxidant properties from quinone and antioxidant properties from selenium moiety makes it better candidate for antibacterial activity.
Saving a hopeless tooth with a four‐wall bone defect: A case report
Authors: Nagahara Takayoshi , Iwata Tomoyuki , Wada Keinoshin , Ueda Tomoya , Kono Shoko , Ouhara Kazuhisa , Mizuno Noriyoshi
Published: December 2024

Background

Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 (rhFGF‐2) has been shown to effectively promote the formation of new periodontal tissues, and its efficacy has been demonstrated in clinical settings. Moreover, the clinical and radiographic outcomes in the treatment of periodontal infrabony defects can be improved by using rhFGF‐2 in combination with a bone substitute. Here, we present a case of four‐wall bone defect in a tooth treated by combination regenerative therapy using rhFGF‐2 and beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP).

Methods

A 43‐year‐old male with a four‐wall bone defect in tooth #28 was subjected to combination therapy with rhFGF‐2 and β‐TCP. Periodontal clinical parameters and radiographic images were evaluated at the first visit, after the initial periodontal treatment, and after 4 months and 4 years postoperation.

Results

Although gingival recession and nonvital pulp were observed postoperation, improvements in the periodontal parameters and radiographic outcomes were subsequently recorded.

Conclusion

Periodontal regenerative therapy with a combination of rhFGF‐2 and β‐TCP showed great potential in the treatment of four‐wall bone defects of teeth.

Key points

Periodontal regenerative therapy using recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 (rhFGF‐2) and beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) showed immense potential in the treatment of four‐wall bone defect in teeth.

In addition to using computed tomography for assessing bone defects and root morphologies, an evaluation of root canal morphology and pulp diagnosis is essential for understanding the internal and external aspects of the defect, which would aid in tooth preservation.

Appropriate periodontal and endodontic treatments enabled tooth preservation following apical periodontitis after periodontal regenerative therapy.

Plain language summary

This case report focuses on a new approach for the treatment of a four‐wall bone defect, a significant dental issue in which the bone around the tooth is damaged, thereby decreasing the stability of the tooth. We treated a 43‐year‐old male patient with a combination of two key components: the growth factor rhFGF‐2, which helps promote the growth of new tissues, and the synthetic bone graft substitute β‐TCP, which acts as a substitute for the missing bone. Over the course of 4 years, we monitored the patient's progress using dental exams and X‐ray photos. Despite some minor side effects, such as gum recession and the loss of tooth vitality, the overall condition of the tooth and surrounding bone showed significant improvement. This combination therapy shows promise in repairing similar bone defects, which would help save teeth that might otherwise be lost.
Youth tobacco survey results released
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2024

Last fall, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), together with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), released data from the 2024 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) on youth tobacco use in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: “Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students — ­National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2024.”