bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Developing Direction of Mobile Contents under High-speed Mobile Network
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Park Hong-Jun
Published: June 2018

This study focused on deriving successful strategies as well as presenting the developing type of mobile contents under the coming high-speed network environment by analyzing changing environment, using type and influencing factors including the evolution process and technology evolution of mobile contents.
Mobile contents classifying systems are variously presented because of huge amount of mobile contents, variety of classifying method and viewpoint of research company. However, presented contents classifying systems so far looked variously, almost all of systems have classified based on 3 attributes-Communication, Informaton and Entertainment.
As research showed that personalized entertainment contents and communication contents are mainly used and users want to use life centric service such as mobile commerce and location based contents, the need of customers is changing into the suitable contents of mobile environment.
The influencing factors for the developing direction of mobile contents are the development of mobile technology and the function of mobile phone, the cost of service and the change of socio-cultural environment. Mobile contents are activating and growing by entertainment pursuit, the real time information acquiring of user, the evolving mobile phone as a high effectiveness multimedia instrument, increasing data speed and commercializing of two way streaming technology based on the development of network technology.
As mobile contents is changing as suitable for mobile environment and converged type of various contents, this study reconstructed mobile contents classifying system such as communication-centric, information-centric, entertainment-centric and economy-centric.
It constructed and proposed mobile contents type which is useful for high-speed mobile network environment as messenger integrating service type, multimedia integrating service type, LBS integrating service type, mobile commerce integrating service type and portal service type based on the analyzed result of mobile using analysis and influencing factors.
It also proposed following considering items for developing mobile contents. First, mobile contents are suitable for the none user of mobile contents and middle aged user. Second, the planning and producing of useful and differentiated contents through understanding customers' requirement are needed. Third, comparative contents which have creativeness and differentiation are considered. Fourth, easy interface for user is presented. This study implies that the producing of useful and comparative mobile contents would be possible through amalgamating industrial, technical and user focused approach.
It will be expected to use and enjoy better contents under high speed mobile network environment, if the results of study are referred to establish and examine policies for activating data service.
Korea-Sino FTA: From a Context of Regionalism
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Joo Jang-Hwan
Published: June 2018

This article argues that Korea's FTA has to be gone on like China and Japan from a context of regionalism, through the case of China. The aim of this research is explore the material implications to Korea through getting at root of the recognition and purpose of China and predicting her strategy.
For this, first, this article examine the recognition of China about Korea-Sino FTA. More specifically, I examine the China's Strategy about Korea peninsula in this part. Second, this article analyzes the purpose and strategy of China that is designed for achieving those. Third, I present some suggestions about Korea for countermeasures on China's these approach and thinking.
As a result, China positively uses FTA to realize the new foreign doctrine, 'harmonious diplomacy(Hexie Waijiao)', as a concrete tactic. So, China attaches more greater importance to diplomatic-security effect, to secure initiative of formation-process of east-asia regionalism etc. And China positively and quickly try to contract FTA with Korea. In addition, China is expected more positively setting for early contracting FTA with Korea.
If so, what do Korea do? To answer this question, some preparations and countermeasure are needed as below perspectives. First, Korea has to discuss and decide the future effect after contracting FTA with China from a diplomatic-security dimension More concretely, Korea has to form a careful judgement about these problems, what position will do gain Korea in the process of reorganization of east-north asia and east-asia order in the future? Which way will do select Korea among ‘Asian-pacific way', ‘ASEAN way', ‘Japan way', ‘Chinese way' and an independent way.
Second, Korea has to develop the promotion logic about economic dimension besides diplomatic-security dimension considering a particularity of Korea-Sino economic relationship. Especially, more attention is given to these situations, China has been Korea's the largest export destination since 2003 and the largest trade partner since 2004, producer goods is more than 80% in Korea-Sino trade, similarity of agriculture and fisheries industries etc. So, Korea has to set the strategy according to these particularities.
Lastly, Korea has to needed analysis and judgement about type of FTA with China. As to analysis, China prefer FTA with narrow-negotiation boundary and low- tariffconcession level to the others. But, this article argues that it is a more advantageous FTA for Korea that is included service and investment issues in addition to agriculture and fisheries and manufacturing industry. Korea also is prepare to think the solution when China give Korea to 'Early Harvest Programme' that China has given to ASEAN in the negotiation-process of FTA.
An Empirical Study on the Effects between the Euro Bond Market and the Federal Republic of Germany Stock Market Around the International Financial Crisis
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Yim Byung-Jin , Jang Seung-Wook
Published: June 2018

This study is an empirical study on the effects between the euro bond market and the federal republic of germany stock market around the international financial crisis. The DAX is the Federal Republic of Germany stock index. The Base date for the DAX is 30 December, 1987 and it was started from a base value of 1,000. The euro bond interest rate with the introduction of the single currency and a common monetary policy, government bond yields converged swiftly in all countries.
We examine the interdependence of the euro bond market and the federal republic of germany stock market around the international financial crisis for 68 monthly data from june 2004 to February 2010. We employ Granger causality, impulse response function based on VAR model as well as variance decomposition after unit root tests and cointegration test. The finding that many macro time series may contain a unit root has spurred the development of the theory of non-stationary time series analysis. Engle and Granger(1987) pointed out that a linear combination of two ro more non-stationary series may be stationary. If such a stationary linear combination exists, the non-stationary time series are said to be cointegrated. The stationary linear combination is called the cointegrating equation and may be interpreted as a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The purpose of the cointegration test is to determine whether a group of non-stationary series are cointegrated or not. The vector autoregression(VARs) is commonly used for forecasting systems of interrelated time series and for analyzing the dynamic impact of random disturbances on the system of variables. The VAR approach sidesteps the need for structural modeling by treating every endogenous variable in the system as a function of the lagged values of all of the endogenous variables in the system.
This research showed following main results. First, from basic statistic analysis, both DAX index and the euro bond interest rate has unit roots, Second, there is at least one cointegration between them. In addition, we find that while the effect from DAX index and the euro bond interest rate is relatively strong after the international financial crisis.
The Effect of Theme Restaurant Image on the Customer Loyalty
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Yu Jong-Seo , Kim Jung-Mae
Published: June 2018

Restaurant industry is having big changes on market and competition grows, family owned restaurants are decreasing and franchise restaurants are increase on number. This economical trend caused dramatic changes on customers’ needs(foodbank, 2009).
Recently restaurants are having big challenges in uncertain market. Since atmosphere of the restaurant is the one of the most important factor to the customers, it is crucial to emphasize their own theme to customers to separate them from the other competitors(Kang Byoung Nam, Kim Hyoung Jun, 2004).
Many over sea theme restaurants are running under specific and special operation with competitors. Among those restaurants, the TGI Friday and the Bennigan’s are popular and well known to our market. This study will set these restaurants as theme restaurant known as family restaurant in our market and discuss about their images on the customers. Recently many franchise restaurants put effort to improve and follow trend image for customers needs. The purpose of this study is value the how image of the restaurant effect on customer’s royalty and suggest how to build customer royalty by maintaining theme restaurants’ menu, atmosphere, and interior.
To get the data for the study, research is done by people who when to the both of TGI Friday and Bennigan’s restaurants. The research period was from April of 2010 to June of 2010, total number of 200 research feedbacks from 250 without extreme 50 research feedbacks.
Case study and study verification for these variables were cleared on suitability the result of this study by variables are followed.
First, after verified restaurants image will effect positively(+) on the customer royalty, on regression analysis eco friendly image effect positively on customer royalty.
Specially, image that think about human and nature, and refreshing and distinctive images effects positively on the customer royalty. Recently eco-friendly trend is spreading rapidly, theme restaurant need to create green image to eco-friendly, humanism, and nature saving to separate them from the competitors.
Also, before change the image to eco-friendly, restaurant need to change the interior and customer service to match their new image. The program and event that appears eco-friendly image need to run and continuous marketing are needed to keep their position on the market.
A Study on the Distress Prediction about Financial Characteristics of the Saemaeul Kumko
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Cho Hee-Gook , Kim Yeong-Soo
Published: June 2018

To predict the bankruptcy of Saemaeul Kumko (“Kumko”) and objectively determine its bankruptcy, a model of bankruptcy prediction was developed, and the predictive power and utility of the model were verified. For the purpose of the study, 300 sample kumkos were selected. They were then divided into 60 kumkos, which had been classified as bankrupt kumko, and 46 kumkos classified as blue chip, according to the CAMELS rating (assessment of the kumko’s management condition) conducted at the end of 2008. Then, a discriminant analysis was carried out to come up with the prediction model, using the major financial ratios from 2005 to 2008. Using the model, the results of testing the predictive power of the model regarding 194 samples are as follows:First, among the 19 financial variables, 6 were considered useful in bankruptcy prediction, among which such indicators as stability, liquidity, profitability, asset size, and activity were found to be useful in discriminating the bankruptcy of a kumko.
Second, while variables based on stability, profitability, and asset size were adopted from the discriminant function, growth-related financial variables were not included even though they used to be selected for an assessment model or a model of bankruptcy prediction. This showed that since the financial crisis, stability, liquidity, and super-sizing have been critical factors in determining whether a kumko is bankrupt or not.
Third, As for the predictive power of testing samples in the model, the predictive of power of the Good kumko appeared higher towards the year of prediction (Y): 82.6% in the Y-4 year, 89.1% inY-3, 89.1% in Y-2, and 93.4% in Y-1. The percentage of accurate prediction of bankruptcy also became higher towards the year of prediction with 90.0% in Y-4, 88.3% in Y-3, 95.0% in Y-2, and 95.0% in Y-1. The average prediction of the bankrupt kumkos was higher than that of the Good kumko ones. The predictive power of the blue-chip kumko was higher as the prediction period became shorter, because the kumko’s business results improved during the sampling period, yielding a clear distinction between the bankrupt and Good kumko and, in turn, the consistent results of the predictive power of all the kumkos.
Fourth, the entire predictive power of the analysis sample was 92.1%, and that of the average bankruptcy prediction model was 81.0%. Therefore, this model will be a useful indicator for the financial authorities if they look forward to early predictions of bank bankruptcy and sound management. Additionally, this study will help provide theoretical foundations.
A Study on the Impact of ERP System Adoption on Financial Performance
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Han Dong-Hyup
Published: June 2018

The importance of ERP System is emphasized recently, because ERP System becomes the important way for organization to enhance our competitiveness and ERP System enables an organization to utilize management resources. Thus, this importance of ERP System makes an enterprise to introduce ERP System. The introduction of an ERP System is expected to increase the financial performance of an enterprise as well as the nonfinancial performance of an enterprise. Therefore we need to analyse the financial performance after ERP System introduction.
The purpose of this study is to identify the relation between ERP System introduction and the financial performance. According to prior literature, ERP System introduction gives the positive financial performance. On the basis of prior literature, This research tries to test the comparison between groups by available financial ratios. The financial ratios(the sales growth rate, the total assets turnover, the net profit to total assets, the current ratio) were obtained from 110 firms. We divide the financial ratios into two groups. Each group represents 2 years financial ratios prior to the ERP event and 2 years financial ratios after the ERP event respectively.
I develop a model that ERP System introduction affects the financial performance. Therefore, I set four hypothesis. First hypothesis is ERP System introduction affects the sales growth rate. Second hypothesis is that ERP System introduction affects the total assets turnover. Third hypothesis is that ERP System introduction affects the net profit to total assets. Fourth hypothesis is that ERP System introduction affects the current ratio.
In order to test the hypothesis, This kind of steps is as following. The data for the empirical analysis were collected from 110 korean firms that used ERP System. The financial performance variables(the sales growth rate, the total assets turnover, the net profit to total assets, the current ratio) between pre-ratios mean and post-ratios mean were chosen from the financial statements. With these data, the variance analysis tool was used as the statistical analysis. The p-value of sales growth rate is 0.11. The p-value of total assets turnover is 0.098. The p-value of net profit to total assets is 0.283. The p-value of current ratio is 0.383. The results of this study indicate that the total assets turnover is significantly related to financial performance, instead the sales growth rate, the net profit to total assets and the current ratio are not significantly related to financial performance. This study shows that it takes time to happen the financial performance. This result will partly contributes to prepare the ERP System in practical fields.
Inquiry into the Market Access System of Enterprises in China
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Cho Dong-Je
Published: June 2018

As the enterprises being the most important parts in the market, the rationality of market access system of enterprises has great effect to the economic development. But this system has been dropped behind during the conversing period from planning to marketing.
The market access means the permission of entering the market. It is a kind of control on products and services of the market subjects in such issues as entering and going out of market by setting some conditions. Market access is the direct control or intervention that the government (or country) allows market players and trading partners to enter a particular market to do, according to certain rules, in order to overcome market failures and achieve some sort of public policy. The main market access system is to establish and improve the socialist market economic system and the protection of the foundation. The market access law is a total of law rules that the government uses to regulate the market entry and exit of the market players, and the products and service they provide, in order to raise the late of resources distribution, prevent disorderly competition and protect economic security. Defining from the characteristics, law of market access has the features of public law while mixing some factors of private law. It is an organic body including substantial law and procedural law; it has a main part of law concerned with subjects in market while a miner part of law dealing with actions. In a word ,the law of market access belongs to economic law and it is an important part of law that regulates the markets on the whole.
However, because China's current laws and regulations are not perfect, leading to the main body of China's market access system for there are many disadvantages. Such as: incomplete registration laws, registration system is imperfect, complicated registration procedures, registration requirements and other restrictions too. Therefore, further reform and improve the market access system in China is a priority.
Since the requirement the market access asks governmental regulation for is effected by diverse factors, this demand-and-supply is changing dynamically. The establishment of China's market economy as well as the corresponding market access system for business establishment, has brought variety of forms of enterprises, and promote the prosperity and development of the market, but the standard of fairness to the formation of China's accession to the WTO the international competitiveness of the requirement to measure the environment, China's market access mechanism for surviving in a number of defects, how to reform the system of perfecting China's market access will become an important research topic, this article in the title Analysis of Chinese enterprises focus on the basic pattern of market access, analysis of its non-adaptive, thinking about reforming and perfecting the program.
The Effect of Credit Card Usage Activation on Gains in Tax Revenue : Focused on the Consumption taxes
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Song Jae Eun , Park Beom Jo , Kim Sang Kyum
Published: June 2018

While the increase in credit card usage is thought to augment tax revenue by livening up trades, to date, there have not been any specific studies or significant analyses regarding this subject. To remedy this problem, this study will attempt to test the theoretical link between credit card usage and its effect on tax revenue, and analyze it in depth. In theory, the increase in credit card usage is deemed to have an effect on tax revenue by increasing trade transparency and income and expenditures; the prior, through the identification of the sources of tax revenue, and the latter by providing convenient loan grants and opportunities for trade. Since the usage of credit card makes the transaction record everytime, activation of the usage would reveal the transactions in black market which could be hidden under the cash transaction. Also, activation of the credit card usage could enhance the stability of household consumption more securely, because by using the credit cards the household could achieve ‘consumption smoothing’ with the credit support which is provided by the credit card company. Our regression result shows this fact boldly. In fact, credit card usage supports the ‘consumption smoothing’ even in the economic recessions, which are occurred by unexpected economic crisis such as foreign exchange crisis that was happened in 1997 in Korea, and sub-prime level mortgage crisis of America in 2008. Thus, we could induce the conclusion that activation of credit card usage could broaden the tax base, in turn, lead to boost up the tax revenue.
After thorough analysis of tax revenue and credit card data, in was revealed that the increase in credit card expenditures led to a significant increase in VAT revenue. In other words, while the effects that credit cards have on tax revenue will differ according to time, based on the 2009, if credit card usage increased by 1%, VAT revenue would also increase by 0.75%. The regression results also show that other taxes which are closely related with credit card transactions, such as voluntary notify income tax, as well as transportation tax, special consumption tax, might affect on the revenues from each tax positively. However, due to the couple of limitations of data, the regression results are not reliable, since the test statistics indicate that the results are statistically insignificant.
One of the interesting results of this study is that the activation of credit card usage could help to achieve in revenue stability. Increasing in the usage of credit cards would be able to mitigate the fluctuations in consumption from business cycle, and there stabilize the consumption tax revenue.
The Study on the Asset Allocation by Bayesian Approach
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Byun Jong-Cook
Published: June 2018

The Markowitz model of modern portfolio theory aims at the objectives of investment not only to maximize the expected return but to minimize risk. The result of optimization of Markowitz's formulation is a parabolic efficient frontier, indicating the combinations of assets with highest expected return given a certain level of risk.
In the reality, however, portfolio managers face the limitation to use this kind of Markowitz model. First, portfolio managers are centered on a small segment of the investment universe. But Markowitz model requires the expected return for all of universe assets. Second, portfolio managers in the reality think the weight found in the Markowitz model is inappropriate to be implemented for client's fund managed by themselves. The limitation that Markowitz model can be used in the practical manner may be found in the estimated error of the historical average returns which are used as alternatives for the equilibrium expected return.
Black-Litterman model(1992) starts from the motivation to mitigate such limitations in the Markowitz. Their model is flexible enough to combine the market equilibrium with subjective economic views and investor's economic reasoning. Therefore, Black-Litterman model tends to have less extreme investment weight compared with the traditional mean-variance optimization model.
In order for us to see the advantage of Black-Litter model against the traditional Markowitz, the monthly rate of returns from 2001 to 2010 are collected from the industry stock index in the KRX. Among all of industries on the KRX are classified into 10 sector group. Each sector is consisted with similar related industries. The industries with the small market capital are excluded from the each sector. The rate of average return for each sector can be estimated be the weighted average rate of return of each industry's index. Based on the index average rate of return, the volatility and correlation are also estimated.
Using the Markowitz model, the optimal weight tends to be extreme result. That means that optimized portfolios tend to overweight assets with large expected return. Whereas, the assets with small expected return are underweighted. And also the optimal portfolios tend to overweight assets with negative(positive) correlation and small(large) variance. Assets with extreme returns may tend to be affected by estimation error for historical average rate of return. But using Black-Litterman, this kind of extreme return problem can be seen to be weakened. This can be seen through the implied expected return. This research also show how to allow the portfolio managers' economic view in the Markowitz model. The absolute and relative views on future economic expectation can be incorporated in the model through vector P.
An Impact of Online Video Network on Views on Youtube: Focused on Parody of PSY Kangnam Style Music Video
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Leem Byunghak
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the effect of online parody video network regarding the views of videos. In order to achieve this goal, we first built the online video social network based on the video-sharing data of users, computed the network metrics, and then suggested a research model that the social network has a positive effect in regards to a video view. Data was collected from videos related with Kangnam style of Youtube, and then using NodeXL 1.0 to analyze the online video social network, and then using SPSS 21.0 to test our research hypotheses empirically. The result demonstrates that video comments, degree centrality, and clustering coefficient in the online video social network have a significant effect towards views. Explanations regarding the results that tested and validated our hypotheses are as follows.
First, users ’comments after watching videos were found to have a significantly positive effect towards a video view. A comment can express simple support or dissent for a regulatory action. However, a constructive,information-rich comment that clearly communicates and supports its claims is more likely to have an impact on regulatory decision making. Therefore, the online video users or managers help users to access a video, watch the video, and make a comment easily in video sites.
Second, a video’s degree centrality in a video social network was found to have a significantly positive effect towards videos’ views. Degree centrality of a network indicates that the more co-shared a video has the more central it is when a video is connected to a large number of other videos. According to our results, a video’s degree within this network affects its overall views. This suggests that videos with more links tend to watch more in terms of increasing its views. PSY waived the copyright to the song, and allowed the song to be co-opted by any group who wanted to use it for their own cause. By doing so, Kangnam style was tagged, commented, responded, and shared among video users. This increases the degree centrality and comments, and eventually views of the video.
Impact of Technology Acceptance Factor and Social Influence on Social Commerce Usage
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Leem Cheol
Published: June 2018

The social commerce is a type of electronic commerce using social network service, which combines social media with e-commerce. This study investigates how technology acceptance and social influence factors have an influence on social commerce usage. The technology acceptance factors include the perceived usefulness and ease of use, and social influence factors include the subjective norm and social relationship. In order to analyze the study empirically we collected 355 data from college ages living in Busan city and analyzed it using PLS (Partial Least Squares) of structured equation models. The findings in this study are as follows. The first finding shows that the perceived usefulness and ease of use, bonding relationship, and subjective norm have a statistically significant effect on the intention to use social commerce, but bridging relationship has not. The perceived usefulness of these factors has the greatest influence and then subjective norm in order. Hence, social commerce manager should provide useful value to customers, make social relationship strong in the community, and build social identity in the community to enhance the intention to use social commerce. The second finding demonstrates that the perceived usefulness and subjective norm have a direct significant effect on the social commerce continuance, but bridging and bonding relationship have not. We found that the bridging and bonding relationship have no direct effect on the social commerce continuance, but setting subjective norm with strong and weak social relationship improve the continuous use of social commerce. The useful value to customers in social commerce also is important factor in the social commerce continuance. Therefore, the study suggests that social commerce managers should implement the programs to provide useful value and trust with customers and put an advertisement and public relationship to make subjective norm through strong or weak social relationship among customers. This study provides much contribution, but has some limitations.
The sample was limited to 20th ages in Busan city and the generalization of the results was difficult. In the future, it would be interesting to focus on an overall ages and area and analyze theirs difference. Secondly, we use PLS as structural equation model for exploratory study. We need to consider a method for more elaborate empirical study. Thirdly, this study focuses overall customers. This can overlook individual attributes of customers. Therefore, we will take individual attributes of customers in acceptance level of social commerce.
Large shareholder ownership and signals : evidence from stock split announcement effects in Korea
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Yi Kayoun
Published: June 2018

Stock split makes stock price change without any company's cashflow change. In theory a stock split is merely an accounting change, which leaves investors no better or worse off than they were before the split. There are some hypothesis to explain the stock split announcement effect. Three main questions about stock split event are belows. First, for the firms underwent stock split, is there a significant the large shareholder ownership changes after stock split? Second, does liquidity of stock increase after stock split? Third, does the signal theory or liquidity theory explain the stock split announcement effect? This paper empirically tests the various hypothesis that try to explain the excess returns occurred around the stock split announcement date. By using 163 stock split events from 2001 to 2010, there are several results. This study uses tests of means differences in turnover ratio and large shareholder's ownership before and after stock split. Also this study uses regression analysis of announcement effect using cumulative abnormal return. First, large shareholder's ownership of stock split firms increases after stock split. In this case as the asymmetry increases, the level of large shareholder ownership has an important role in stock split. Second, firms which underwent stock split increase the liquidity by using trading turnover ratio. Third, split announcements by firms with higher insider ownership have a more positive effect on the market than those by firms with lower insider ownership. There are signalling effects where stock splits function as a signal through with managers transmit a favorable information for investors. Results show that the abnormal returns at the announcement of stock splits are positively related to the level of insider ownership. The result prevail even after controlling for other relevant factors. Further analysis indicates the positive relation exists for small firms, but not for large firms. This indicates the market evaluates stock split decisions within the context of both insider ownership and information asymmetry.
The Case Study on social programs of social support for single parent families : Single moms, single Daddy, parent participation in the program
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Lee Aelyeon
Published: June 2018

Ministry of Gender Equality and Family is the one of the policy measures for the increase in single-parent families due to divorce in modern societyFor single-parent families to the event was sponsored Such destination corporation affiliated organizations of the Korean women'sorganizations Congress Women's Issues Research participated in organizing an event for single moms, Single Daddy (family camp).
Application for Single-Parent Families 20 people from July 9, 2011 July group. interviews and individual interviews, an open-ended questionnaire on family life, social life, Problems with family life and society of single-parent families living in a single-parent (economic problems, parenting problems if the problem comes from the social prejudices, psychological and emotional problems), mental problems, the problem of single-parent families with a child (school a case study on the problem), about the expectations of single-parent families on social policy (for wind in the social, political support for single-parent families.
The results of this study are as follows.
1. The economic difficulties of single-parent families. Participating practices who emphasized the lack of the government's welfare policies for single-parent families, Work life for welfare support was desired for child-rearing childcare policies, and training for professional.
2. Single parent families receive from family members or relatives, social prejudice and prejudice is hard and appeared to think that the children of single-parent families, schools and society receive from social prejudice and discrimination hurts. In particular cycle was ashamed that the children of single-parent families, single-parent families do not recognize the family type of social change that imposing adult single-parent families to live without.
3. Showed that social welfare programs, the academic support for children of single-parent familiesand the difficulties coming from the child-rearing problems that can be solved with the formation of self-help groups for single-parent families, and their continued support for the measures you want.
4. Evaluation of government policies for single-parent families, most of the opinion that the benefits too low and did not know anything about single-parent families on welfare policy. Policy for the problem of single parent families showed that economic hardship as the continuous efforts of the government for the welfare of single parents want to.
5. Practical alternative to social support for single parent families, social programs, education programs, parent education and training, family counseling and therapy, and supportive networks formed alternative policy suggestions are presented
US Rebalance and DPRK’s revisionist strategy
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Lee Jungchul
Published: June 2018

This paper examined North Korea’s policy change, which is a reaction to US’ rebalance policy, ie, the pivot to Asia. Although the rebalance policy is located within and established as the United States’ larger geopolitical strategy against China in nature, it also is a distinct United States’ Asian-Pacific management strategy in practice. In this sense, it is more prevailing in the United States than in China that consider the rebalance policy as one of the risk management and alliance management policy rather than China containment policy. The latter view claims that the United States policy enters into a new phase from containment to risk management after late 2012.
This research claims that North Korea made a considerable policy change after 2009. North Korea abandoned its bandwagon policy and started to decouple peace treaty and diplomatic normalization with United States. Thus, the nature of peace treaty of which North Korea insisted, turned to a nuclear disarmament negotiation based on the military deterrence using its military power versus South Korea-United States military power, not a denuclearization negotiation that aims to normalize its diplomatic relations with the United States. In this sense, the series of North Korean Foreign ministry spokeman statements that emphasized the nuclear disarmament negotiation after January 2009, should not be considered as a diplomatic rhetoric.
North Korea’s self-regarding as a nuclear state became more apparent after 2013. It pressured and pursued aggressive policies against South Korea showing anti-status quo is more advantageous to it than maintaining it. North Korea’s aggressive policy against South Korea in the first half of 2013 is the result of its policy change.
It is worth mentioning that China might see the North Korean nuclear problem as a tool to check the deteriorating relations with United States as long as United States emphasizes risk and alliance management aspect above the containment regarding the rebalance policy. As long as the aim of rebalance policy is to manage the North Korean nuclear risk, China should partake in the United States’ North Korean Strategy. In this sense, it should be noted that China stared to put visable pressure on North Korean after 2012, the same year that United States changes its policy focus from China containment to risk management.
After June, North Korea enters into coordination phase after tuning the conflict between its revisionistic behaviour and United States’ rebalance policy of returning to Sino-US concert system. However, this research reveals that North Korea’s revisionist policy would enter into another stage if Sino-American cooperation might break.
Study on Political Position of Nationalist Groups in Ukraine
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Park Joung-Ho
Published: June 2018

Various nationalist political forces emerged in Ukraine since independence. However, the social status and influence of the nationalist political parties were weak. This fact was clearly demonstrated in the 1990’s and 2000’s Ukrainian general elections.
In the 2000’s Ukrainian nationalist parties began to pursue a new development strategy for their future. Among these parties, ‘Svoboda’ achieved great success in 2009 and 2010 local elections and general elections in 2012. ‘Svoboda’ has entered into the central and local councils as an independent political force. In addition, Nationalist political forces such as ‘Svoboda’ have played a leading role in the process of anti-government protests in 2013.
If we consider the political process in Ukraine since independence, It can be concluded as follows. Nationalist forces in the political arena were just a marginal existence. It can be defined that their political influence was also quite limited. However, political success of ‘Svoboda’ and the nationalist political forces in the anti-government protest have very important political implications in the history of nationalist movement in Ukraine. These events raise the need to give it a new valuation of nationalist political forces. As a result, these cases raise the need of new evaluation for nationalist political forces in Ukraine.
The study on symbolic image of companies to customer satisfaction and the intention of re-purchase
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Choi Woo-Suk , Han Moon-Sung
Published: June 2018

Infinitely developing communication market resulting from radical advance of scientific technology is expected to boost competition even more; meanwhile, companies need to precisely understand consumer’s purchase behavior to sell their products and service in the market. There are a lot factors affecting consumer’s purchase behavior, however, this study is to identify how the symbolic image of cell phone manufactures affects the actual purchase behavior by investigating the influencing power that company’s symbolic image has on consumer’s purchase behavior.
The study results are as follows.
First, the measurement parameters used to verify the proposed hypotheses overall showed high degree of credibility and validity, leading to increase the trustworthiness of the study results. The acquired credibility and validity which are generally accepted in social science, in turn, guarantee the possibility of generalization of this research’s results.
Second, the empirical analysis on how company’s symbolic image affected consumer satisfaction (CS) showed the following results.
Regression analysis regarding company’s symbolic image on CS according to consumer purchase behavior indicated that, among the selected symbolic image factors, price, service quality and company ads had positive impact on CS, while accessibility did not.
Among the symbolic image factors with positive impact on CS (price, service quality and company ads), price showed the highest relative importance, followed by service quality and company ads. Thus, consumers are most highly affected by price among the company’s symbolic images.
Thirdly, the empirical analysis on how CS affects the intention of repurchase showed the following results.
As shown in the verification of hypotheses above, CS has positive impact on the repurchase intentionFinally, I believe that companies can grow their competitive power by generating the image founded by broad understanding of the proposed three factors with positive impact on CS, that is, price, service quality and company ads.
The Impacts of Creativity, Production, and Market Capabilities on Foreign Performance of Korean Performing Arts
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Shin Woo-Jin , Shin Hyung-Deok
Published: June 2018

Recently, many Korean culture and arts contents are consumed in foreign countries, so are Korean performing arts. From 2008 to 2011, the number of foreign performance of Korean performing arts increased gradually up to 2,271 in total(Performing arts international exchange data, 2009-2011). Since performing arts have unique characteristics that physical settings on site may affect the overall performance of the performing arts, domestic and foreign performance may not necessarily consistent. Cultural contents may not be exactly evaluated before they are consumed like other experience goods. Performing arts which carry cultural contents also have the characteristics of experience goods such that the value of experience of the performing arts on site may not be exactly evaluated. This kind of uncertainty would be even higher when the performing arts are on the stages in foreign countries. Thus, it is likely that Korean performing arts with high level of capabilities that could decrease uncertainty would be successful in foreign countries. This study investigates the impacts of creativity, production, and market capabilities, which have been found to affect domestic performance, on foreign performance of Korean performing arts. Based on 159 Korean foreign performance data from 2008 to 2011 at Korea Arts Management Service, we found that creativity capabilities, measured by award records of producing firms, production capabilities, measured by awards records of performance products, and market capabilities, measured by if the performance is non-verbal, have positive and significant relationships with foreign performance, measured by the number of performance in foreign countries. Especially, market capabilities are found to have interaction effects with performance locations in the developed countries. The results of this study confirmed that the success factors in foreign performing arts market are not very different from the factors in domestic market.
The Chinese Shadow Banking and the Effects on the Stock Market Movements
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Huang Seth H. , Choi Moon Sub
Published: June 2018

Based on recent estimates, as of 2014, the Chinese shadow banking market size was as much as the 80% of the GDP (Elliott, Kroeber, Qiao). Usually, when the shadow banking market is discussed, in academia the focus has been on the detrimental effects on the economy as off-bank lending often requires no collateral, may result in the credit crisis and, in the case of citizen lending, unreported tax revenue (Smits and etc.). The opposite has also been argued. As China does not have an established credit score system for individuals, and the credit rating agencies have long focused on large, state-owned enterprises, shadow banking serves as an important function for capital markets for SMEs. This paper takes a different approach in examining the total “social lending” and its effects on the stock market. We exclusively use data from People’s Bank of China (PBOC) as many data sources provide data that may be incomplete, corrupted or have various different definitions for similar items. By using the PBOC data, we can ascertain the integrity of the consistency. Specifically, there have been a variety of estimates on the size of shadow banking, with a range so drastic as to render insightful context impossible. In this paper, we study the relationship between the Chinese shadow banking activities and the stock market movements. It has been well documented that over 80% of stock market investors are retail investors, and as a result, the Chinese stock market had rapidly reached a bubble level. A main speculation is retail investors actively take out bank loans to invest in the stock market (Bolvin et al., 2015). Here, we provide a different perspective. We show that shadow banking as recorded by Chinese government, had not contributed to the Chinese stock market movements. Specifically, off-balance-sheet loans such as entrusted loans, which banks lend to wealthy individuals and preferred companies, had negative effects on the stock market trading volume, indicating that these loans are not taken out to be reinvested in the stock markets. Additionally, contrary to prevalent opinion, pure bank RMB loans to individuals and companies do not contribute much to the capital market movements, suggesting that these loans do enter the economy in the forms of productions and consumptions. After controlling for a variety of factors, we demonstrate there is no evidence supporting that the shadow banking contributed to the Chinese stock market bubble.