bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scaling up a circular business model for remanufacturing: A case study of a sustainable value creation strategy for the white goods industry
Authors: Claudia Franzè , Emilio Paolucci , Chiara Ravetti
Published: July 2024

Because of the ever‐increasing pressure on producers to adopt environmentally responsible industrial practices, remanufacturing has emerged as a key strategy to address the challenges of resource conservation and waste reduction. In this paper, we address a conspicuous research gap regarding innovative and large‐scale circular solutions in the form of remanufacturing systems. We investigate how the private sector can build widespread remanufacturing networks to handle waste from the appliance industry. Starting from a successful case study of a leading Italian distributor of spare parts, our analysis expands their existing business model and inductively develops an original framework for regional remanufacturing. Our resulting model encompasses a centralised hub specialised in high‐tech data management and supply‐chain logistics, coupled with two tiers of remanufacturing labs and repairers, diffusing triple‐bottom‐line benefits throughout the local territory. We discuss the generalisability of such a centralised/decentralised model and propose avenues for the policy support of systemic circular innovations.
Peridynamic‐based modeling of elastoplasticity and fracture dynamics
Authors: Wang Haoping , Wang Xiaokun , Xu Yanrui , Zhang Yalan , Yao Chao , Guo Yu , Ban Xiaojuan
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a particle‐based framework for simulating the behavior of elastoplastic materials and the formation of fractures, grounded in Peridynamic theory. Traditional approaches, such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), to modeling elastic materials have primarily relied on discretization techniques and continuous constitutive model. However, accurately capturing fracture and crack development in elastoplastic materials poses significant challenges for these conventional models. Our approach integrates a Peridynamic‐based elastic model with a density constraint, enhancing stability and realism. We adopt the Von Mises yield criterion and a bond stretch criterion to simulate plastic deformation and fracture formation, respectively. The proposed method stabilizes the elastic model through a density‐based position constraint, while plasticity is modeled using the Von Mises yield criterion within the bond of particle paris. Fracturing and the generation of fine fragments are facilitated by the fracture criterion and the application of complementarity operations to the inter‐particle connections. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our framework in realistically depicting a wide range of material behaviors, including elasticity, plasticity, and fracturing, across various scenarios.
Synthesis of Acetaminophen‐Based Coumarins as Selective COX‐2 Inhibitors: An in vitro‐in silico Study
Authors: Jasim Mahmood H. M. , Mustafa Yasser Fakri
Published: July 2024

Acetaminophen, a centrally‐acting old analgesic drug, is a weak inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms with some selectivity toward COX‐2. This compound was used in this work as a precursor to create nine acetaminophen based coumarins (ACFs). To satisfy the aim of this work, which states the synthesis of acetaminophen‐based coumarins as selective COX‐2 inhibitors, the ACFs were subjected to two types of investigation: in vitro and in silico. Given the former type, the ACFs capacity to block COX‐1 and COX‐2 was investigated in lab settings. On the other hand, the in silico investigation included docking the chemical structures of ACFs into the active sites of these enzymes, predicting their anticipated toxicities, and determining the ADME characteristics. The results of the in vitro study revealed that the synthesized ACFs demonstrated good‐to‐excellent inhibitory properties against the enzymes under study. Also, these ACFs exhibited a high level of COX‐2 selectivity, which improved as the capacity of the aromatic substitute for withdrawing electrons was enhanced. Results of docking were comparable to the in vitro investigation in case of COX‐2. On the other hand, the in silico investigations indicated that the synthesized ACFs are safer than their precursor, acetaminophen, with a high potential to consider oral‐administrated candidates.
Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Enantioselective Aziridination Reaction: Recent Development in Catalysis and Future Perspectives
Authors: Hao Gui‐Lin , Wang Juanjuan , Mou Shu‐Bin , Luo Mu‐Peng , Teng Qiaoqiao , Wang Shou‐Guo
Published: July 2024

Chiral aziridines are important motifs in natural products and biologically significant compounds, as well as one of the most valuable and versatile building blocks for the construction of diverse chiral functionalized amines. Because of the importance of chiral aziridines, various novel transition‐metal‐based catalytic systems and synthetic strategies have been established to investigate the highly effective and enantioselective aziridination process. This review outlined the recent significant advances made in the transition‐metal catalyzed enantioselective aziridination reactions, as well as the challenges and potential of the field at the current stage.
The Strategies Towards Electrochemical Generation of Aryl Radicals
Authors: Zeng Xiaobao
Published: July 2024

The advancement in electrochemical techniques has unlocked a new path for achieving unprecedented oxidations and reductions of aryl radical precursors in a controlled and selective manner. This approach facilitates the construction of aromatic carbon−carbon and carbon−heteroatom bonds. In light of the green merits and the growing importance of this technique in aryl radical chemistry, this review aims to provide an overview of the recent advance in the electrochemical generation of aryl radicals organized by the aryl radical precursor type, with a focus on the substrate scope, limitation, and underlying mechanism, thereby inspiring future work on electrochemical aryl radical generation.
Effect of macromolecular sodium polyacrylate on the molecular structure and properties of polyvinyl butyral synthesized deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Lv Xiaolu , Zhang Yumeng , Li Fengtao , He Xuelian
Published: July 2024

Sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), a macromolecule surfactant, was employed in the synthesis of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the catalyst. Contrasting with traditional low molecular weight surfactants, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has confirmed that PAAS enhanced the uniformity of PVB granules while minimizing PAAS residuals, facilitating the production of films with superior transparency and resistance to yellowing. Investigations into the effects of varying molecular weights, dosages of PAAS, and aging times on the properties of PVB revealed that an increase in PAAS molecular weight correspondingly raised the acetal degree (AD) of PVB without affecting the molecular weight of PVB itself. Furthermore, yhe dosage of PAAS significantly impacted the properties of PVB, whereas aging time exhibits minimal influence on the AD of PVB. 1H‐NMR analysis indicated that the structural stability of PVB is due to the dominance of meso acetal isomers, which improved its mechanical properties when synthesized with PAAS3 (molecular weight 60,000 g/mol), containing 91.5% hexamethylene cycloacetal. Notably, compared to PVB synthesized using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), PVB synthesized with PAAS3 exhibits superior mechanical properties, with significantly improved tensile strength and elongation. This phenomenon is further elucidated by SEM images. A comparison between the optimized self‐made PVB and commercial PVB shows that the self‐made PVB performs better, highlighting the critical role of macromolecular PAAS in enhancing the structure and mechanical properties of PVB.
Skeletal Editing of Cyclic Molecules Using Nitrenes
Authors: Xu Yi‐An , Xiang Shao‐Hua , Che Jin‐Teng , Wang Yong‐Bin , Tan Bin
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Nitrenes, as neutral monovalent nitrogen‐centered molecular species, can insert into various bond or remove nitrogen atoms from amines. Nitrene assisted single‐atom skeletal editing, discovered decades ago, provides an efficient approach for the precise alteration of cyclic skeletons. In this review, we briefly summarize early studies on skeletal editing of cyclic frameworks involving nitrene species, and introduce several recent important advances systematically.
Beyond the PSA: The hidden costs of screening in prostate cancer
Authors: Sanyal Chiranjeev , Ragavan Meera V.
Published: July 2024

The diagnostic workup following a positive prostate‐specific antigen test may lead to significant out‐of‐pocket costs for patients. Providers should incorporate costs into shared decision‐making with patients; in parallel, policymakers and payers must identify solutions to mitigate financial burdens that risk widening existing disparities in prostate cancer care.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response Relationship of Zimberelimab in Chinese Patients with Advanced Tumors
Authors: Yang Fang , Lu Yongying , Bai Lihui , Deng Chenhui , Liu Zhen , Sun Zhihua , Li Li , Wang Shicong , Zhou Li , Feng Haifeng , Yan Shaoyu , Zhu Jiman
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model using data from 2 clinical trials of zimberelimab, evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of zimberelimab, explore the feasibility of 360 mg once every 3 weeks (Q3W) and 480 mg once every 4 weeks (Q4W) as alternative dosage regimens, and analyze the exposure‐response relationship of the efficacy and safety of zimberelimab for advanced tumors. The PKs of zimberelimab were described using the 2‐compartment model with time‐dependent nonlinear elimination. The prediction‐corrected visual predictive check was used to evaluate the model's predictive value on blood drug concentrations. In total, 2165 PK observations from 321 participants were included. The PopPK model demonstrated a high level of concordance between the observed data and the predicted values, indicative of a robust fit to the PK data of zimberelimab. The PK variables were similar for the 240 mg once every 2 weeks, 360 mg Q3W, and 480 mg Q4W regimens. No covariates significantly affecting the PK variables in the final model were found. The exposure variables of zimberelimab have no obvious correlations with efficacy and safety, and 360 mg Q3W and 480 mg Q4W are worthy of further study. This study establishes a PopPK model and analyzes the exposure‐response relationship of zimberelimab, which helps to explore the potential for alternative dosing regimens and offers a foundation for optimizing therapeutic strategies for advanced cancer patients through simulation‐based methods.
Upgrade of Acetone‐Butanol‐Ethanol Mixture to High‐Value Biofuels over Ca‐Doped Ni‐CaO‐SiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Li Wenyang , Yang Yishan , Zhang Huili , Fang Yunming
Published: July 2024

The selective conversion of biomass fermentation derived from an acetone‐butanol‐ethanol (ABE) mixture into high‐value biofuels is of paramount importance for industrial applications. However, challenges persist in effectively controlling the selectivity of long carbon chain ketones in elevated ABE conversion. In this research, a Ca‐doped Ni‐CaO‐SiO2 catalyst was designed and employed to achieve a remarkable conversion of 89.9 % into ketone products from the extracted ABE mixture. The selectivity for C8+ ketones reaches 41.8 %, demonstrating exceptional performance. The reversible phase transition between Ca2SiO4 and CaCO3 enhances the recyclability, thereby improving the sustainability of the process. Additionally, the trace intermediate 3‐hepten‐2‐one was successfully detected using two‐dimensional GC×GC−MS, elucidating the conversion pathway in the catalytic upgrading of the ABE mixture. This finding offers a potential route for the efficient utilization of biomass and the highly selective production of value‐added chemicals.
Analytical advances in horseracing medication and doping control from 2018 to 2023
Authors: Gray Bob , Lubbock Katy , Love Catherine , Ryder Edward , Hudson Simon , Scarth James
Published: July 2024

The analytical approaches taken by laboratories to implement robust and efficient regulation of horseracing medication and doping control are complex and constantly evolving. Each laboratory's approach will be dictated by differences in regulatory, economic and scientific drivers specific to their local environment. However, in general, laboratories will all be undertaking developments and improvements to their screening strategies in order to meet new and emerging threats as well as provide improved service to their customers. In this paper, the published analytical advances in horseracing medication and doping control since the 22nd International Conference of Racing Analysts and Veterinarians will be reviewed. Due to the unprecedented impact of COVID‐19 on the worldwide economy, the normal 2‐year period of this review was extended to over 5 years. As such, there was considerable ground to cover, resulting in an increase in the number of relevant publications included from 107 to 307. Major trends in publications will be summarised and possible future directions highlighted. This will cover developments in the detection of ‘small’ and ‘large’ molecule drugs, sample preparation procedures and the use of alternative matrices, instrumental advances/applications, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, the detection and prevalence of ‘endogenous' compounds and biomarker and OMICs approaches. Particular emphasis will be given to research into the potential threat of gene doping, which is a significant area of new and continued research for many laboratories. Furthermore, developments in analytical instrumentation relevant to equine medication and doping control will be discussed.
Scaling relationships between the total number of leaves and the total leaf area per culm of two dwarf bamboo species
Authors: Wang Chengkang , Heng Yi , Xu Qingwei , Zhou Yajun , Sun Xuyang , Wang Yuchong , Yao Weihao , Lian Meng , Li Qiying , Zhang Liuyue , Niinemets Ülo , Hölscher Dirk , Gielis Johan , Niklas Karl J. , Shi Peijian
Published: July 2024

Total leaf area per plant is an important measure of the photosynthetic capacity of an individual plant that together with plant density drives the canopy leaf area index, that is, the total leaf area per unit ground area. Because the total number of leaves per plant (or per shoot) varies among conspecifics and among mixed species communities, this variation can affect the total leaf area per plant and per canopy but has been little studied. Previous studies have shown a strong linear relationship between the total leaf area per plant (or per shoot) (AT) and the total number of leaves per plant (or per shoot) (NT) on a log–log scale for several growth forms. However, little is known whether such a scaling relationship also holds true for bamboos, which are a group of Poaceae plants with great ecological and economic importance in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions. To test whether the scaling relationship holds true in bamboos, two dwarf bamboo species (Shibataea chinensis Nakai and Sasaella kongosanensis ‘Aureostriatus’) with a limited but large number of leaves per culm were examined. For the two species, the leaves from 480 and 500 culms, respectively, were sampled and AT was calculated by summing the areas of individual leaves per culm. Linear regression and correlation analyses reconfirmed that there was a significant log–log linear relationship between AT and NT for each species. For S. chinensis, the exponent of the AT versus NT scaling relationship was greater than unity, whereas that of S. kongosanensis ‘Aureostriatus’ was smaller than unity. The coefficient of variation in individual leaf area increased with increasing NT for each species. The data reconfirm that there is a strong positive power‐law relationship between AT and NT for each of the two species, which may reflect adaptations of plants in response to intra‐ and inter‐specific competition for light.
Turnover of bird species along the Nullarbor Plain: Insights from taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional beta diversity
Authors: García‐Navas Vicente , Martínez‐Núñez Carlos , Christidis Les , Ozgul Arpat
Published: July 2024

The Nullarbor Plain constitutes one of the main biogeographic barriers of Australia, and it has been suggested to have played a key role in the disjunct distribution of numerous southern Australian species. Although previous research has shown that the origin of this barrier coincides with the timing of the speciation events in some plant lineages, it is not clear whether the uplift of this barrier promoted divergence events in vertebrates. We addressed the role of the Nullarbor barrier and its fringing semiarid habitats as drivers of beta diversity in bird assemblages. Specifically, we determined the effect of distance from the Nullarbor barrier, environmental conditions, and isolation by distance on the composition of local communities on both sides of the plain. We measured beta diversity using taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional metrics of composition. The influence of precipitation, geographic distance, and distance to the Nullarbor barrier on these metrics was addressed using generalized dissimilarity models and a moving‐window approach. We also tested for differences in local extinction, dispersal and speciation rates, and lineage diversity between two regions, southeastern (SE) and southwestern (SW) Australia. Geological and orogenetic dynamics linked to the appearance of the Nullarbor Plain may have spurred speciation events in SE. However, evidence suggests that subsequent periods in which this region was wetter and forested favored dispersal, mainly from SE to SW. Accordingly, observed dissimilarity in species composition was lower than expected at random, suggesting the existence of considerable turnover between regions. Our results suggest that precipitation deficit (and the xeric vegetation that it promotes) was the most important predictor of beta diversity, whereas the distance to the barrier explained some variation in terms of phylogenetic composition. This study shows that the uplift of the Nullarbor barrier played a minor role in shaping present‐day bird diversity in southern Australia. Recent speciation events coupled with historical connectivity can explain the observed patterns.
Parasites as indicators of biodiversity and habitat complexity in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Moore Christopher S. , Gittman Rachel K. , Blakeslee April M. H.
Published: July 2024

Researchers often use surrogate species for assessing biodiversity—organisms that can indicate the presence of additional taxa or provide insight into environmental processes. As indicators of anthropogenic impact, “cross‐taxon” surrogates are theorized to be effective shortcuts for determining how communities respond to environmental change. However, few studies have implemented cross‐taxon surrogates given the challenge of validating the strength of the relationship between surrogates and their target taxa. Trophically transmitted parasites require multiple invertebrate and vertebrate taxa to complete their life cycles (e.g., annelids, mollusks, fishes, shorebirds), making them ideal cross‐taxon surrogates of community diversity. By sampling for these parasite surrogates, it is theoretically possible to infer the composition of the overall host community based on the species of parasites present. In our study, we tested the use of parasites as cross‐taxon surrogates of biodiversity by sampling for digenetic trematodes in the mudsnail Ilyanassa obsoleta, collected from coastal shoreline environments with or without artificial structures (e.g., bulkheads, seawalls). We found that trematode richness, evenness, and diversity were all greater in snails sampled from natural shorelines versus those with artificial structures. While parasite communities clustered by shoreline type (with vs. without artificial structures), we found no differences in multivariate dispersion, or beta‐diversity, between groups in our system. At the species level, trematodes requiring polychaetes and estuarine fishes as downstream hosts dominated parasite communities at shorelines with artificial structures. These taxa are ubiquitous but more abundant in degraded environments. In contrast, trematode species requiring mollusks and shorebirds as hosts was only documented from shorelines without artificial structures (i.e., natural), which may indicate that these areas are less degraded and have greater overall host diversity. High parasite diversity in easily collected hosts (e.g., mudsnails) provides evidence that the secondary (polychaetes, crustaceans) and tertiary (fishes, shorebirds) hosts required by the parasites are present in the system. Our study also helps validate the concept of surrogate species by demonstrating how a single species can represent broader taxonomic groups.
Symbiotic species diversity can explain invasion success and host–parasite system stability: The case of gammarid hosts
Authors: Sarabeev Volodimir , Balbuena Juan Antonio , Oros Mikuláš , Domnich Valerii , Sueiro Rosa Ana , Leiro Jose Manuel , Ovcharenko Mykola
Published: July 2024

A major current challenge related to invasions is the absence of a comprehensive theoretical basis for preventing the introduction of alien species and controlling their populations. By using a macroecological framework, we aim to examine patterns of symbiotic species diversity across native and invasive hosts to understand the mechanisms underlying the host–parasite system stability. The symbiotic communities of seven gammarid species, two native and five invasive, were analyzed at 16 fresh and brackish water sites along the Baltic coast of Poland. We investigated the influence of four factors—locality, habitat, host species, and host origin—on diversity patterns and assessed their relative contribution to diversity variation. Our results indicate that all factors are crucial in determining the composition and abundance of symbiotic communities in gammarids. Among these factors, locality and host species apparently have a greater influence on symbiotic communities than habitat conditions and host origin. Comparative analysis of diversity indexes of symbiotic organisms from native and invasive hosts showed that the richer communities of native gammarids were paradoxically less diverse. We assume that these rich and uneven symbiotic communities keep the host–parasite system of native gammarids in equilibrium. Highly dominant symbiotic species with a high load per host individual may stabilize the growth of the host population. Symbiotic communities of the invasive host exhibited lower species richness but displayed a relatively even distribution of species with moderate loads per individual, resulting in a scarcity of heavily infected gammarids within the population. Thus, the survival rate of invasive gammarids is expected to be relatively high, facilitating their population growth and further spread. We conclude that complex communities of native gammarids constructed from many symbiotic species may prevent host populations from undergoing explosive growth, while such mechanisms may be completely or partially reduced in invasive hosts.
Personalized care in dilated cardiomyopathy: Rationale and study design of the activeDCM trial
Authors: Sedaghat‐Hamedani Farbod , Amr Ali , Betz Theresa , Kayvanpour Elham , Reich Christoph , Wettstein Reto , Heinze Oliver , Mohr Isabell , Krisam Regina , Sander Anja , Klose Christina , Friedmann‐Bette Birgit , Frey Norbert , Meder Benjamin
Published: July 2024

Background

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of heart failure, particularly in younger individuals. Low physical strength is a global risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, and physical activity and a healthy lifestyle have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure. However, inappropriate exercise may increase the risk of arrhythmias in certain individuals with DCM. The determinants for predicting individual risks in this setting are poorly understood, and clinicians are hesitant to recommend sports for cardiomyopathy patients. The activeDCM trial aims to assess the safety and efficacy of a personalized exercise and activity programme for individuals with DCM.

Study Design

The activeDCM trial is a prospective, randomized, interventional trial with a 12 month follow‐up. Three hundred patients, aged 18–75 years with DCM, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 50% and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes I–III, will be enrolled. The intervention includes a personalized exercise and activity programme. The primary outcome is the increase in peak oxygen uptake (VO2max, mL/kg/min) from baseline to 12 months. Secondary endpoints include adherence to personalized activity programmes, freedom from clinically relevant arrhythmia, unplanned hospitalization for heart failure and changes in NYHA class, quality of life scores, 6 min walk distance, muscular strength, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) levels and cardiac function. Advanced research questions include high‐density phenome and omics analysis combined with digital biomarkers derived from Apple Watch devices.

Discussion

The activeDCM trial will provide valuable insights into the safety and efficacy of personalized exercise training in DCM patients, inform clinical practice and contribute to the development of heart failure management programmes. The study will generate data on the impact of exercise on various aspects of cardiovascular disease, including genetic, metabolic, phenotypic and longitudinal aspects, facilitating the development of future digital tools and strategies, including the incorporation of smart wearable devices.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of 1,3‐Diaryl‐7‐imino‐1,7‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazines: Products of Unexpected Conversion of Polyfluorinated Blatter Radicals
Authors: Gulyaev Dmitry , Serykh Andrey , Gadimov Nurlan , Shangin Pavel , Syroeshkin Mikhail , Sosunov Egor , Tretyakov Evgeny
Published: July 2024

Derivatives of the first substituted 7‐imino‐1,7‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazines, namely 1‐(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoropyridin‐4‐yl)‐N,3‐diphenyl‐7‐(phenylimino)‐1,7‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin‐6‐amine and 1‐(pentafluorophenyl)‐N‐phenyl‐7‐(phenylimino)‐3‐(2,3,4,5‐tetrafluorophenyl)‐1,7‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin‐6‐amine, were unexpectedly isolated as the only products in yields of about 20–30 % after an attempt to obtain Blatter radicals from the corresponding amidrazones bearing polyfluorinated electron‐withdrawing substituents. All new compounds were fully characterized, and their molecular and crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Adverse childhood experiences, brain efficiency, and the development of pain symptoms in youth
Authors: Miller Samantha , Cobos Karen L. , Rasic Nivez , Long Xiangyu , Lebel Catherine , Bar Am Neta , Noel Melanie , Kopala‐Sibley Daniel , Mychasiuk Richelle , Miller Jillian Vinall
Published: July 2024

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are often reported by youths with chronic pain, and both ACEs and chronic pain disrupt how information is processed. However, it is unknown whether changes to shared neural networks underlie the relationship between ACEs and the development of pain symptoms. This study explored the relationships between ACEs, brain efficiency, and pain symptomology in youth.

Methods

A community sample of youths aged 14–18 years underwent MRIs, answered trauma and pain questionnaires, and underwent pain sensory testing, twice, 3 months apart (Nbaseline = 44; Nfollow‐up = 42). Sensory testing determined thresholds for mechanical and thermal stimuli. Global and local network efficiencies were evaluated using graph theory. Generalized estimating equations were applied to examine whether brain efficiency moderated the relationships between ACEs, pain intensity, and pain sensitivity (i.e., mechanical detection, heat pain, and temperature change thresholds).

Results

There was a significant interaction between ACEs and global brain efficiency in association with pain intensity (β = −0.31, p = 0.02) and heat pain (β = −0.29, p = 0.004). Lower global brain efficiency exacerbated the relationship between ACEs and pain intensity (θX → Y|W = −1.16 = 0.37, p = 0.05), and heat pain sensitivity (θX → Y|W = −1.30 = 0.44, p = 0.05). Higher global brain efficiency ameliorated the relationship between ACEs and pain intensity (θX → Y|W = 1.75 = −0.53, p = 0.05).

Conclusions

The relationship between ACEs and pain symptomology was comparable to chronic pain phenotypes (i.e., higher pain intensity and pain thresholds) and may vary as a function of brain efficiency in youth. This stresses the importance of assessing for pain symptoms in trauma‐exposed youth, as earlier identification and intervention are critical in preventing the chronification of pain.

Significance

This article explores the relationship between ACEs, pain symptomology, and brain efficiency in youth. ACEs may affect how the brain processes information, including pain. Youths with lower brain efficiencies that were exposed to more ACEs have pain symptomology comparable to youths with chronic pain. Understanding this relationship is important for the earlier identification of pain symptoms, particularly in vulnerable populations such as youths exposed to trauma, and is critical for preventing the chronification of pain.
Interfacial Engineering of BiVO4/Bi2Mo2O9 Heterojunction Toward Photogenerated Carriers Anisotropic Transfer
Authors: Xiong Yuli , Zhou Yuting , Zhou Nan , Peng Bo , Wei Xijun , Wu Zhimin
Published: July 2024

Developing an advanced strategy to decrease the charge recombination of BiVO4 is a vital requirement to boost charge transfer for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Herein, a type II BiVO4/Bi2Mo2O9 heterojunction is successfully synthesized on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrate by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. Thanks to the Fermi‐level energy difference of 275 mV between BiVO4 and Bi2Mo2O9, an outward built‐in electric filed pointing from Bi2Mo2O9 to BiVO4 is induced, which accelerates the directional flowing of photogenerated electron and hole. Such a unique design structure fastens the electron migration from BiVO4 to Bi2Mo2O9, and the holes will transfer to the surface to participate in water oxidation. The longer lifetime (9.2 ns) by time‐resolved transient photoluminescence signifies that the Bi2Mo2O9 can boost interfacial carriers’ anisotropic migration; the surface charge transfer rate of BiVO4/Bi2Mo2O9 is up to 387.6 s−1 (1.4 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)). The BiVO4/Bi2Mo2O9 heterojunction exhibits a remarkable charge separation efficiency of 64% and outstanding photocurrent density of 0.9 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE.
High efficient CuCeO2‐δ/SiO2 catalyst for RWGS reaction: impact of Ce content and loading sequence
Authors: Zhao Shan , Yang Le , Yao Shen , Dai Yahong , Chen Shuang , Zeng Jia , Jia Aiping , Xie Hongmei , Zhou Guilin
Published: July 2024

The extensive use of fossil energy leads to wanton emission of CO2 and serious environmental problems. The exploration of high‐performance catalysts plays a pivotal role in CO2 resource utilization. In this paper, CuCeyK catalysts are prepared by wet impregnation method using ordered mesoporous SiO2 as support for the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts are characterized by H2‐TPR, BET, XRD, Quasi in‐situ XPS, H2‐TPD, and CO2‐TPD techniques. The results demonstrate thatthe Cu0 species can form synergistic effects with oxygen vacancies (Ov) to enhance the CuCeyK catalytic performance. Additionally, the electronic effects between Ce and Cu not only enhances the adsorption and activation performances of the catalyst towards CO2 and H2 molecules, but also effectively suppresses the sintering of Cu0 species, thereby enhancing the stability of the corresponding catalyst. It is worth mentioning that the Ce content also directly affects the catalytic performances of the CuCeyK catalyst. The CuCe15K catalyst with a Ce content of 15% displays excellent CO2 hydrogenation performances, and the CO2 conversion and CO selectivity up to 41 % and 100 % at 420 °C, respectively. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear and weakly nonlinear analyses of double‐diffusive convection in porous media with chemical reaction using LTNE model
Authors: Ramchandraiah Chirnam , Kishan Naikoti , Reddy J. SharathKumar , Ravi Ragoju
Published: July 2024

The onset of convection in a horizontal porous layer with chemical reaction and local thermal nonequilibrium is investigated. The nondimensional governing equations have been solved using the normal mode technique, which results in an eigenvalue problem. The analytical expressions for both stationary and oscillatory Rayleigh numbers are obtained. The effect of different parameters has been investigated and presented. The amplitude equation is derived using weakly nonlinear theory. Nusselt number is calculated using an amplitude equation to investigate heat transport. When modeling a fluid‐saturated porous medium, previous research on double‐diffusive convection has uniformly operated under the assumption of local thermal equilibrium (LTE) between the fluid and solid phases at all points within the medium. This standard practice assumes a minimal temperature gradient between the phases at any given location. However, in practical scenarios involving high‐speed flows or significant temperature differentials between the fluid and solid phases, the LTE assumption proves insufficient.
Unravelling the spatiotemporal variation in the water levels of Poyang Lake with the variational mode decomposition model
Authors: Gan Min , Lai Xijun , Guo Yan , Lu Zhao , Chen Yongping , Pan Shunqi , Pan Haidong , Chu Ao
Published: July 2024

Poyang Lake is a dynamic floodplain lake system that exhibits complex water level fluctuations and experiences significant regime changes over space and time, which remains to be further explored. This study used the variational mode decomposition (VMD) model to decompose the Poyang Lake's water levels from 1960 to 2022 at four key stations into six intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), namely IMF1–IMF6, representing variations on different time scales. The results present significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The multi‐year variation (IMF1) accounts for 5.6%–12.4% of the total variation and displays a northward decreasing trend, reflecting the lake's river‐like characteristics. The spectrum of IFM1 also reveals a significant 3.6‐year fluctuation mainly attributed to the tributary inflow, especially the Ganjiang River. The IMF1 differences between stations show abrupt decreases since the 2000s, indicating the impact of concentrated sand mining activities on the northern and central regions. The annual variation (IMF2) is the most prominent, contributing 76.1%–88.4% of the total variation, and shows a southward attenuation trend, likely due to the weakening influence of the Yangtze River flow. The intra‐annual scale (IMF3–IMF6) represents 6.0%–11.5% of the total variation and exhibits less spatial difference compared to the multi‐year and annual variations. The VMD model effectively separates the water level signals into different frequency bands, providing insights into the complex interactions between the lake, tributaries, and Yangtze River, as well as the impacts of human activities like sand mining, enhancing understanding of floodplain lake dynamics. The results also imply the importance of coping with the water level decline of Poyang Lake.
Deletion of the polyketide synthase‐encoding gene pks1 prevents melanization in the extremophilic fungus Cryomyces antarcticus
Authors: Catanzaro Ilaria , Gerrits Ruben , Feldmann Ines , Gorbushina Anna A. , Onofri Silvano , Schumacher Julia
Published: July 2024

Cryomyces antarcticus, a melanized cryptoendolithic fungus endemic to Antarctica, can tolerate environmental conditions as severe as those in space. Particularly, its ability to withstand ionizing radiation has been attributed to the presence of thick and highly melanized cell walls, which—according to a previous investigation—may contain both 1,8‐dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) and L‐3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) melanin. The genes putatively involved in the synthesis of DHN melanin were identified in the genome of C. antarcticus. Most important is capks1 encoding a non‐reducing polyketide synthase (PKS) and being the ortholog of the functionally characterized kppks1 from the rock‐inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola. The co‐expression of CaPKS1 or KpPKS1 with a 4′‐phosphopantetheinyl transferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the formation of a yellowish pigment, suggesting that CaPKS1 is the enzyme providing the precursor for DHN melanin. To dissect the composition and function of the melanin layer in the outer cell wall of C. antarcticus, non‐melanized mutants were generated by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing. Notwithstanding its slow growth (up to months), three independent non‐melanized Δcapks1 mutants were obtained. The mutants exhibited growth similar to the wild type and a light pinkish pigmentation, which is presumably due to carotenoids. Interestingly, visible light had an adverse effect on growth of both melanized wild‐type and non‐melanized Δcapks1 strains. Further evidence that light can pass the melanized cell walls derives from a mutant expressing a H2B‐GFP fusion protein, which can be detected by fluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, the study reports on the first genetic manipulation of C. antarcticus, resulting in non‐melanized mutants and demonstrating that the melanin is rather of the DHN type. These mutants will allow to elucidate the relevance of melanization for surviving extreme conditions found in the natural habitat as well as in space.
Superior accuracy in knee double level osteotomy using a novel hybrid fixation technique compared to conventional double plating
Authors: Mabrouk Ahmed , Monda Maureen , Bell Lucy , Broderick James , Dawson Matthew
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to compare two different double‐level knee osteotomy (DLO) fixation techniques. The primary outcome reported the radiological coronal plane correction and its accuracy. The secondary outcomes reported the correction outliers, the clinical outcomes, the 5‐year postoperative satisfaction and the complications.

Methods

A retrospective review of a single surgeon osteotomy database identified 52 cases of DLO between 2011 and 2019, of which 24 cases met the inclusion criteria. Patients were categorised into two groups: the nail‐plate (NP) group fixed with a magnetic extendable intramedullary tibial nail and femoral conventional plate, and the double‐plate (DP) group fixed with conventional plates (tibia and femur). Radiographic parameters were recorded, including the mechanical femorotibial angle (mFTA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA) and weight‐bearing line ratio (Mikulicz %). Surgical accuracy was calculated as the difference between the achieved and the planned correction. Outliers were defined as those with a greater than 10% difference from the planned correction. Simple knee value scores and visual analogue scale for pain were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 and 5 years. Five‐year patient satisfaction was recorded.

Results

A total of 24 patients were included: the NP group (n = 12) and the DP group (n = 12). Significant coronal plane corrections were achieved in the NP group for the mean mFTA (preoperative 167.9° ± 3.4° to postoperative 182.1° ± 1.4°), the mean MPTA (preoperative 83.5° ± 2.9° to postoperative 91.3° ± 2.8°) and the mean mLDFA (preoperative 89.8° ± 3.4° to postoperative 85.9° ± 4.4°). Similarly, significant coronal plane corrections were achieved in the DP group for the mean mFTA (preoperative 168.6° ± 4.4° to postoperative 182.2° ± 2°), the mean MPTA (preoperative 84.2° ± 2° to postoperative 88.3° ± 4.1°) and the mean mLDFA (preoperative 90.7° ± 2.9° to postoperative 83.9° ± 1.7°) (all p < 0.05). The mean correction accuracy was higher for the NP versus DP group at 3.4 ± 3.4% versus 7.1 ± 3.9% (intergroup p < 0.05). There were no outliers in the NP group versus two outliers (overcorrected) (16.7%) in the DP group. Significant clinical improvement was reported in both groups at 2 and 5 years postoperatively (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Superior correction accuracy and no outliers were achieved in hybrid fixation double‐level knee osteotomy compared to the conventional double‐plating technique. The magnetic extendable nail offers the advantage of fine‐tuning the correction postoperatively and could be a potential research template for future designs of postoperative correction implants.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Evaluation of ventricular pacing suppression algorithms in dual chamber pacemaker: Results of “LEADER” study
Authors: Hwang Jongmin , Han Seongwook , Park Hyoung‐Seob , Chung Tae‐Wan , Jung Minsu , Park Seung‐Jung , Lee Chan‐Hee , Ahn Jin Hee , Choi Eue‐Keun , Bae Myung Hwan , Lee Young Soo , Park Sang Won , Lee Dae In , Kim Yoo‐Ri , Ahn Min‐Soo , Shim Jaemin
Published: July 2024

Background

There is limited research on the intra‐individual efficacy of ventricular pacing minimization algorithms developed by Biotronik—the Ventricular Pace Suppression algorithm (VpS) and the Intrinsic Rhythm Support plus algorithm (IRSplus) (BIOTRONIK SE & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany). We performed a randomized pilot trial that evaluated the efficacy of two algorithms in patients with symptomatic sinus node dysfunction (SND) who received a dual‐chamber pacemaker.

Methods

The trial was conducted in 11 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. The patients were randomized to either the VpS or IRSplus algorithm group after a 3‐month period of fixed atrioventricular (AV) delay. The primary outcome was the ventricular pacing percentage (Vp%) at each follow‐up visit. The secondary outcomes were the occurrence of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) during the study period.

Results

Data from 131 patients were analyzed. Initially, their average Vp% over 3 months with a fixed AV interval was 14.1 ± 19.4%. Patients were randomly assigned to VpS and IRSplus groups, with 66 and 65 in each. Algorithms reduced average Vp% to 4.0 ± 11.3% at 9 months and 6.7 ± 14.9% at 15 months. These algorithms were more effective for patients with paced AV delay (PAVD) ≤300 ms compared to those with PAVD >300 ms. Both algorithms were equally effective in reducing Vp%. Clinical AF or HF hospitalization was not observed during the study period.

Conclusion

The VpS and IRSplus algorithms are effective and safe in minimizing unnecessary ventricular pacing in patients with SND.
Advancing on ametrine pesticide detection through surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and Ag colloid: Understanding the pH effect and the adsorption mechanism supported by theoretical calculation
Authors: Rubira Rafael Jesus Gonçalves , Furini Leonardo Negri , Tuttolomondo Maria Eugenia , Constantino Carlos José Leopoldo , Sanchez‐Cortes Santiago
Published: July 2024

The excessive use of pesticides has detrimental effects on the ecosystem, leading to soil contamination and the spread of pollution beyond the targeted areas. Concerns arise regarding the permissible limits of pesticides, typically around 10−8 mol/L. In this study, we employed surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a highly sensitive and selective technique, to investigate the behavior of the pesticide ametrine (AMT) on silver colloids. The Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibited an average size of (26 ± 2) nm and a zeta potential of (−30 ± 1) mV in the absence of AMT, which decreased to (−24 ± 1) mV in the presence of AMT, resulting in mild AgNPs aggregation, with the average diameter of AgNPs increasing to approximately 300 nm. This aggregation is advantageous, as they provide active sites for pesticide detection. Besides, the purification method employed ensured that AMT remained undegraded, and various conformations of AMT were simulated using Ag clusters to study the SERS effect. Comparison with the experimental spectra indicated that the SERS‐4 conformer closely resembled the experimental spectrum, suggesting simultaneous interaction between the Ag surface and the sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) atoms of the AMT triazine ring. Notably, changes in the AMT molecule were observed with pH variations: at pH below 5, hydroxylation occurred, resulting in an Ag–Cl stretching at 241 cm−1 in the SERS spectra. Conversely, at pH above 5 (pH 6–13), the presence of bands at 230 and 219 cm−1 in the SERS spectra indicate the formation of Ag–N and Ag–S bonds, respectively, between the AMT and the AgNPs. Furthermore, the study successfully detected AMT at pH 7, establishing a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.36 × 10−8 mol/L (3 ppb) based on the SERS spectra. These findings underscore the applicability of the SERS technique in the sensitive and selective detection of AMT, offering a promising approach for monitoring the presence of this pesticide in environmental samples.
The role of renewable energy and carbon dioxide emissions on the ESG market in European Union
Authors: Mohammed Kamel Si , Pata Ugur Korkut , Serret Vanessa , Kartal Mustafa Tevfik
Published: July 2024

In view of global climate problems, public interest in the environment has recently evolved over decision economics. Accordingly, this study assesses the impact of carbon emission allowances (CEA), information technology (IT), renewable energy generation (REG), and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the environmental, social, governance (ESG) in the European Union (EU) by applying quantile‐based models from January 2, 2019 to February 29, 2024. The outcomes demonstrate that CEA and IT have an increasing effect on the ESG with the moderating effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU). REG has a declining effect on the ESG, while the EPU moderates the effect and makes the effect increasing across higher quantiles.
Long‐term outcome of fibula flaps in complex limb reconstruction compared to alternative procedures, a median follow up of 41 months
Authors: Challita Raymond , Forli Alexandra , Giot Jean‐Philippe , Corcella Denis
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Complex open long bone fractures present a multidisciplinary surgical challenge. Various treatment options are discussed with no consensus. Fibula flaps (FF) are frequently used in maxillofacial surgery, however their use in limb injuries is less common. With the tremendous improvement in microsurgery, orthoplastic surgery gained importance. Our retrospective study aims to assess the long‐term results and the quality of life of the patients operated by FF for complex traumatic limb reconstruction.

Patients and Methods

We conducted an observational mono centric retrospective study from the year 2011 to the year 2021. Patients operated for complicated traumatic limb fractures using FF were included in the study. Not only long‐term clinical results were evaluated, but also Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROM). These included the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, shoulder and hand (Qdash), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The statistical analysis was done using the R Software.

Results

Twenty patients were included in our study. 80% achieved complete union with no re fracture rate at a median follow‐up of 41 months. All of the patients (n = 4) who underwent amputation were smokers (p = .09), were operated for lower limb fractures (p = .54), and were males (p = 1). The length of hospital stay was associated with an increased duration to complete bony union (p = .01, coefficient = 2.88). At the end of follow‐up, the LEFS median score was 67 for the total population and 63.5 for the lower limb reconstructed sub group.

Conclusion

VFF is an important tool in the armamentarium of orthoplastic surgeons. Encouraging long term functional and clinical outcomes were obtained in patients with complex traumatic limb fractures.