bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the colostrum proteome of primiparous Holstein cows and its association with colostrum immunoglobulin G concentrations
Authors: Castillo-Lopez Ezequias , Biber Patrick , Sener-Aydemir Arife , Hummel Karin , Razzazi-Fazeli Ebrahim , Reisinger Nicole , Zebeli Qendrim , Kreuzer-Redmer Susanne , Hartinger Thomas
Published: January 2025

Background

The objective was to characterize the colostrum proteome of primiparous Holstein cows in association with immunoglobulin G (IgG) content. Immediately after calving, colostrum samples were collected from 18 cows to measure IgG concentration. Based on colostrum IgG content, samples were classified through cluster analysis and were identified as poor, average, and excellent quality. The proteome was assessed with quantitative shotgun proteomics; abundance data were compared among the colostrum types; enrichment analysis of metabolic processes and proteins classes was performed as well. We also tested correlations between this proteome and blood globulin level of cows and passive immunity level of calves.

Results

On average, 428 proteins were identified per sample, which belonged mainly to cellular process, biological regulation, response to stimulus, metabolic process, and immune system process. Most abundant proteins were complement C3 (Q2UVX4), alpha-S1-casein (P02662), Ig-like domain-containing protein (A0A3Q1M032), albumin (A0A140T897), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (P81265), lactotransferrrin (P24627), and IGHG1*01 (X16701_4). Colostrum of excellent quality had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of serpin A3-7 (A2I7N3), complement factor I (A0A3Q1MIF4), lipocalin/cytosolic fatty-acid binding domain-containing protein (A0A3Q1MRQ2), complement C3 (E1B805), complement component 4 binding protein alpha (A0AAF6ZHP5), and complement component C6 (F1MM86). However, colostrum of excellent quality had lower (P < 0.05) abundance of HGF activator (E1BCW0), alpha-S1-casein (P02662), and xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (P80457). This resulted in enrichment of the biological processes predominantly for complement activation alternative pathway, complement activation, complement activation classical pathway, humoral immune response, leukocyte mediated immunity, and negative regulation of endopeptidase activity in excellent-quality colostrum. Additionally, some colostrum proteins were found to be correlated with the blood globulin level of cows and with the passive immunity level of calves (P < 0.05; r ≥ 0.57).

Conclusions

This study provides new insights into the bovine colostrum proteome, demonstrating associations between IgG levels and the abundance of other proteins, as well as the enrichment of metabolic processes related to innate immune response. Thus, results suggest that the colostrum proteomic profile is associated with the content of IgG. Future research should deeply explore the association of these findings with pre-calving nutrition status and blood composition of the cow, and with passive immunity transfer to the calf.
Extreme time–frequency connectedness between oil shocks and sectoral markets in the United States
Authors: Ozcelebi Oguzhan , Pérez-Montiel Jose , Kang Sang Hoon
Published: January 2025

This study assessed the connectedness between oil shocks and industry stock indexes in the United States (US). We consider the normal and extreme conditions across different frequency horizons, and the quantile time–frequency connectedness method is used to determine the tail risk contagion under different frequency horizons. Our results reveal that the short-term frequency connectedness significantly exceeds the long-term frequency connectedness. We also indicate that the connectedness in the lower and upper quantiles is greater than at the conditional mean. Importantly, oil risk shock is the biggest net transmitter of shocks to the US sectors in normal and extreme conditions, highlighting that oil risk shocks cause substantial variations in US sector stock returns in the short, medium, and long term. Finally, QAR(3) model demonstrates the significant impact of oil risk shocks on US sector stock returns during extreme and normal conditions. Therefore, our study underscores the role of asymmetry in the reaction of US sector stock returns to oil-related shocks, and we suggest that policies aimed at overcoming the adverse effects of oil shocks on stock markets and promoting financial stability should incorporate asymmetric features.
Sleep quality among sample of Egyptian patients with Alzheimer’s disease: risk factors and role of genetic profiling for ACE, ACE 2 and APO E genotypes
Authors: Elbeh Khaled Ahmed , Abbas Mohamed Abdala , Hassan Mohammed H. , Hefny Mohamed Moslem , Sakr Shimaa Fathy , Mohamed Reham Bakry , Bekiet Mahmoud Ahmed , Desoky Tarek
Published: January 2025

Background

Most individuals having Alzheimer’s disease generally experience increased frequency of awakenings as well as prolonged wakefulness periods at night. Brain wave research indicate reductions in both REM (dreaming stage) along with NREM (non-dreaming stage). The inherited pattern of Alzheimer’s disease is attributed to presence of genetic polymorphisms. The association of these polymorphisms and sleep pattern in Alzheimer’s disease patients was not assessed before.

Purpose

This research was aimed at assessing the association between sleep quality as well as genetic polymorphisms of ACE, ACE2 and Apo E among Alzheimer’s disease patients in Upper Egypt.

Patients and methods

Our cross-sectional study with analytic component involved 50 cases having Alzheimer’s disease evaluated utilizing Pittsburg sleep quality index for sleep quality. They were accordingly divided into good as well as poor sleep quality groups. Genetic analysis of ACE, ACE2 (rs2285666) SNPs and Apo E (rs121918398) SNPs was done using (RFLP-PCR) I.

Results

No statistically significant variation was documented among both groups regarding age as well as age at diagnosis. Female patients were more susceptible for poor sleep quality. In addition, patients came from rural areas were significantly higher among poor sleep quality group. Statistical significant variations were documented among both groups as regard presenting symptoms and HAM-A and HAM-D. No statistically significant variations were documented among both groups as regard ACE genotypes; however, ACE 2 AA genotype and A allele were higher with statistically significant difference among poor sleep quality group. Apo E3/E4 genotype and E4 allele were greater with statistically significant variations among poor sleep quality group.

Conclusions

Female patient and rural Alzheimer’s disease patients at high risk for poor sleep quality. In addition, Apo E4 carriers and ACE2 AA carriers are at increasing susceptibility for poor sleep quality.
Integrative transcriptome profiling for identifying ALS potential treatment using the drug repurposing approach
Authors: Kashani Navid , Sabbaghian Amir , EmamiPari Fatemeh , Khalili Gorjimahalleh Mohammad , Aalikhani Mahdi
Published: January 2025

Background

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an alarming neurodegenerative disorder, induces muscle atrophy and motor deterioration. The current treatments exhibit limited improvement in survival rates. Thus, we here attempted to identify crucial genetic biomarkers through transcriptome profiling and systems biology methodologies to advance our knowledge of the diagnosis and pathogenesis of ALS. Following this, a drug repurposing approach was employed to introduce possible treatments for ALS.

Results

After analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEG) using different in silico approaches, 43 DEGs (23 upregulated and 20 downregulated) were identified, which were abnormally expressed in ALS patients compared to healthy individuals. Two proteins CMPK2 and IFI44L were identified as ALS biomarkers and selected for molecular docking. Then, molecular docking was performed to repurpose drugs that have the potential to suppress upregulated proteins. Accordingly, three drugs including ketoprofen, thalitone, and cromolyn have been repurposed against CMPK2 and IFI44L proteins.

Conclusions

CMPK2 and IFI44L serve as potential biomarkers for ALS and may be applied in the diagnostic assessment of this disorder within the bloodstream of affected individuals. Furthermore, three drugs were proposed as potential therapeutic candidates for ALS with the help of transcriptomics profiling. We advocate for the implementation of these identified pharmacotherapies in animal models of ALS to validate their therapeutic efficacy. This approach also would help narrow down the options to more suitable targets and economically viable treatments.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 in pediatric hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sharaf Salma A. Rahman , Fahmy Sarah Farid , Abou Zaghla Heba M. Adel , Hassan Ahmed Hussein , Zaki Sara Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

Background

There is evidence from clinical trials that coenzyme Q10 significantly improves mitochondrial function and decreases oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in adult hemodialysis patients. However, we have never fully investigated its role in pediatric patients before. This study aimed to assess the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in pediatric hemodialysis patients. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-six pediatric hemodialysis patients were recruited and simply randomized to receive either oral coenzyme Q10 (3–5 mg/kg) daily or placebo daily for 12 weeks.

Results

Using the Mann–Whitney test, children in the intervention group showed a significant reduction in the median percent change of blood urea nitrogen from baseline of − 58.18 versus − 9.6 in the placebo group (p = 0.002). The median percent change of serum malondialdehyde significantly decreased by − 55.68 in the intervention group, while it increased by 39.75 in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Additionally, the median percent change from baseline in serum tumor necrosis factor-α levels significantly decreased by − 46.69 in the intervention group and increased by 8.5 in the placebo group (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Supplementation of oral coenzyme Q10 may have beneficial effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in pediatric hemodialysis patients. This study emphasized the potential efficacy of an average coenzyme Q10 dose of 4 mg/kg/day in pediatric hemodialysis patients; this gives the green light for other researchers to confidently evaluate larger doses as an attempt to control the systemic inflammation in this patient population. Further research is needed to determine whether coenzyme Q10 treatment improves clinical outcomes such as infection, hospitalization, cardiovascular events, and mortality in pediatric hemodialysis patients.

Trial Registration Clinical trials.gov, NCT05170893, Registered 28 December 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05170893?cond=NCT05170893&rank=1.

Graphical abstract
Letetresgene Autoleucel in Advanced/Metastatic Myxoid/Round Cell Liposarcoma
Authors: D'Angelo Sandra P. , Druta Mihaela , Van Tine Brian A. , Liebner David , Schuetze Scott M. , Tap William D. , Preston Jessica , Goodison Sophia , D'Souza Jimson W. , Kapoor Gurpreet S. , Suchindran Sunil , Zajic Stefan , Bhaskar Aishwarya , Kaczynski Heather , Kim Jaegil , Klohe Erika , Corigliano Ellie , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Nathenson Michael J. , Somaiah Neeta
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE

The cancer/testis antigen New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a promising target in myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS).

METHODS

In this pilot study, we assessed the adoptive T-cell therapy NY-ESO-1c
259
T letetresgene autoleucel (lete-cel) in patients with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01–, HLA-A*02:05–, and/or HLA-A*02:06–positive advanced/metastatic NY-ESO-1–expressing MRCLS. Patients underwent a reduced-dose (cohort 1) or standard-dose (cohort 2) lymphodepletion regimen (LDR). The primary end point was investigator-assessed overall response rate (ORR). Safety was assessed through adverse event (AE) reports. Correlative biomarker analyses were performed post hoc. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier:
NCT02992743
).

RESULTS

Of 23 enrolled patients, 10 in cohort 1 and 10 in cohort 2 received lete-cel. Investigator-assessed ORR was 20% (95% CI, 2.5 to 55.6) and 40% (95% CI, 12.2 to 73.8), median duration of response was 5.3 months (95% CI, 1.9 to 8.7) and 7.5 months (95% CI, 6.0 to not estimable [NE]), and median progression-free survival was 5.4 months (95% CI, 2.0 to 11.5) and 8.7 months (95% CI, 0.9 to NE) in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. AEs included cytokine release syndrome and cytopenias, consistent with T-cell therapy/LDR. Post hoc correlative biomarkers showed T-cell expansion and persistence in both cohorts.

CONCLUSION

To our knowledge, this study is the first demonstrating the clinical promise of lete-cel in HLA-/NY-ESO-1-positive patients with advanced MRCLS.
Genetics and Pathophysiology of Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Yang Ming , White Perrin C
Published: January 2025

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disease that manifests clinically in varying forms depending on the degree of enzyme deficiency. CAH is most commonly caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) due to mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. Whereas there is a spectrum of disease severity, 21OHD is generally categorized into 3 forms. The classic form encompasses salt-wasting and simple virilizing CAH and the least affected form is termed nonclassic CAH. The classic form of 21OHD occurs in ∼1 in 16 000 births with the most severe salt-wasting cases presenting in the neonatal period with cortisol and aldosterone deficiencies and virilization of external female genitalia. Cortisol deficiency removes normal feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to elevations in ACTH and adrenal androgen levels, which often accelerate skeletal maturation, leading to premature epiphyseal growth plate closure. Additionally, supraphysiologic doses of glucocorticoids are necessary to suppress androgen levels, adversely affecting final adult height. This paper highlights a brief history of 21OHD and provides an overview of the genetic basis and pathophysiology of 21OHD.
Population-Based vs. Health System and Insurer Records: Significant Underdiagnosis of Pcos - A Systematic Review
Authors: Hatoum Sana , Amiri Mina , Hopkins Dawnkimberly , Buyalos Richard P , Bril Fernando , Azziz Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent cardio-metabolic disorders in women. However, PCOS diagnosis is often missed or delayed, which may have serious physical and mental health consequences. The extent of underdiagnosis remains unknown.

Objective

To estimate the extent to which PCOS is underdiagnosed.

Materials and Methods

We systematically searched PubMed and Embase through July 2023 for studies reporting PCOS prevalence in the general population and the Health System or Insurer Records (HSIR).

Results

We identified 6,583 records of which we included seven population-based studies and eleven HSIR-based studies from the same populations in three countries. In the USA, population-based studies reported PCOS prevalence between 4% and 19.6%, while HSIR-based studies reported 0.2% to 5.2%. In the UK, an HSIR-based study reported a PCOS prevalence of 1.34%, compared to around 8% prevalence in the population. In South Korea, two population-based studies reported a PCOS prevalence of 4.9% and 7%, compared to 0.12%-0.33% in one HSIR, and 4.3% in another. When data was available, PCOS detection in HSIR appeared to improve over time, although it was still far from reflecting the actual prevalence in the population.

Conclusion

Our data revealed a substantially lower rate of PCOS in HSIR relative to population-based studies in the USA, the UK, and South Korea, likely indicating that PCOS is underdiagnosed and/or underreported. Overall, these findings highlight the critical need to improve the awareness of healthcare practitioners and payers, and likely the public at large, regarding PCOS.
Altered expression of aromatase and estrogen receptors in adipose tissue from men with obesity or type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ahmed Fozia , Hetty Susanne , Laterveer Rutger , Surucu Ece Busra , Mathioudaki Argyri , Hornbrinck Edvin , Patsoukaki Vagia , Olausson Johan , Sundbom Magnus , Svensson Maria K , Pereira Maria J , Eriksson Jan W
Published: January 2025

Objective

Obesity and insulin resistance in men are linked to decreased testosterone and increased estradiol (E2) levels. Aromatase (ARO) converts testosterone into E2, and this occurs mainly in adipose tissue in men. E2 acts through estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2, and they potentially affect development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study explored alterations in ARO, ESR1 and ESR2 in men with obesity or T2D.

Methods

Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from men with or without obesity or T2D was analyzed for ARO, ESR1, and ESR2 gene and protein expression. Data were compared across groups and correlated with markers of obesity, glycaemia, insulin resistance, and sex hormones. Moreover, SAT was incubated with E2 or testosterone for ex vivo glucose uptake measurements.

Results

Aromatase ARO levels were higher in SAT from men with obesity compared to non-obese men, and gene expression correlated positively with adiposity, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. No association was found between ARO and circulating E2. Men with obesity had lower levels of ESR1 and ESR1:ESR2 ratio, but not ESR2. ESR1 gene expression in SAT correlated negatively with adiposity and insulin resistance markers as well as with ARO expression, and tended to be lower in men with T2D. E2 reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, while testosterone increased basal glucose uptake in adipocytes.

Conclusion

Elevated ARO in SAT was found in obese men, and this was linked to insulin resistance and glycaemia, supporting that local estrogen production contributes to metabolic dysregulation. ESR1 was reduced in men with T2D and was linked to adiposity and insulin resistance. Taken together, high ARO and low ESR1 expression in SAT in obese men may contribute to insulin resistance and T2D development.
Impact of Sex on Cardiac Functional Adaptation to Different Modes of Exercise Training: A Randomized Cross-Over Study
Authors: Naylor Louise H. , Marsh Channa E. , Thomas Hannah J. , Maslen Barbara A. , Collis Julie , Lester Leanne , Green Daniel J.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

We hypothesized that male and female volunteers would exhibit distinct changes in cardiac morphology, systolic, and diastolic function following endurance (END) and resistance (RES) training.

Methods

Thirty-eight females and 26 males participated in a randomized cross-over design trial in which all participants completed 12-weeks END and RES, separated by a 12-week washout. Echocardiograms assessed morphology (left ventricular mass, LVM), systolic function (ejection fraction, EF, and global longitudinal strain, GLS), diastolic function (mitral valve velocities, E, A; tissue Doppler velocities, e’, a’), and left atrial volume.

Results

Males responded to RES by increasing LVM (Δ 9.1 ± 14.3 g, P = 0.005), while E/e’ increased (Δ 0.74 ± 1.08, P = 0.004, indicating a decline in diastolic function). There were no significant changes in females following RES. In response to END, LVM increased in both males (Δ 8.8 ± 15.7 g, P = 0.008) and females (Δ 6.5 ± 12.5 g, P = 0.004), with no difference in E/e’ (Δ -0.29 ± 0.90) in males but a significant difference in females (Δ -0.39 ± 1.06, P = 0.012, indicating an improvement in diastolic function). Systolic function was not impacted significantly by END or RES in either sex.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that females were less responsive to RES training than males, that RES increased LVM and caused a decline in diastolic function (i.e. an increase in E/e’) in males, whereas END improved E/e’ (i.e. decreased) in females. These data suggest that sex differences exist in cardiac structural and functional adaptations to different forms of exercise training.
Σχεδιασμός, εφαρμογή και αξιολόγηση μιας Διδακτικής Μαθησιακής Ακολουθίας (ΔΜΑ) για φοιτητές/τριες αναφορικά με τις γνώσεις και τις αξίες που σχετίζονται με το Υδατικό Αποτύπωμα
Authors: Γαρυφαλλογιάννη Ευμορφία , Μαλανδράκης Γεώργιος , Παπαδοπούλου Πηνελόπη
Published: January 2025

Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται η ανάπτυξη, η εφαρμογή και η αξιολόγηση μιας Διδακτικής Μαθησιακής Ακολουθίας (ΔΜΑ) για τη διδασκαλία του Υδατικού Αποτυπώματος (Υ.Α.), όπως αυτή εφαρμόστηκε σε 27 φοιτητές/τριες Παιδαγωγικού Τμήματος, στα πλαίσια εξαμηνιαίου μαθήματος. Παράλληλα με το Y.A. διδάχθηκαν η έννοια του Εικονικού νερού, τρόποι εξοικονόμησης νερού, καθώς και αξίες σχετικά με τη χρήση του νερού. Η ΔΜΑ ολοκληρώθηκε σε 12 διδακτικές ώρες. Σκοπός της ΔΜΑ ήταν να γνωρίσουν οι φοιτητές/τριες τις έννοιες-όρους που συνδέονται άμεσα με τη χρήση νερού σε όλο τον κύκλο ζωής των προϊόντων, τους τρόπους εξοικονόμησης νερού, καθώς και την άμεση και έμμεση χρήση νερού στα προϊόντα. Στόχος της ΔΜΑ ήταν η κατανόηση των προβλημάτων που αφορούν το νερό και η ευαισθητοποίηση των φοιτητών/τριών για άμεση ανάγκη μαζικής δραστηριοποίησης για την προστασία των υδάτινων πόρων, την αποφυγή της λειψυδρίας, καθώς και η απόκτηση θετικών στάσεων ως προς την ανάγκη εξοικονόμησης νερού. Για την αξιολόγηση της ΔΜΑ επιδόθηκε, πριν και μετά την εφαρμογή της, ένα ερωτηματολόγιο δεκατεσσάρων (14) ερωτήσεων, οργανωμένων σε έξι (6) θεματικούς άξονες, εκ των οποίων οι εννέα (9) ερωτήσεις ήταν ανοιχτού τύπου, η μία (1) κλειστού τύπου και οι υπόλοιπες τέσσερις (4) τύπου Likert. Το ερωτηματολόγιο στόχευε στην ανίχνευση των γνώσεων και των αξιών των συμμετεχόντων/ουσών σχετικά με Υ.Α.. Η ανάλυση των δεδομένων από τη σύγκριση των Αρχικών και Τελικών ερωτηματολογίων κατέδειξε ότι οι φοιτητές/τριες, μετά τη διδακτική παρέμβαση, μπορούν να κατανοήσουν τα περιβαλλοντικά προβλήματα που σχετίζονται με το άμεσο Υ.Α., όχι όμως με το έμμεσο. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, διαπιστώνεται ότι μπορούν να κατανοήσουν την άμεση και έμμεση χρήση νερού στα διάφορα στάδια ζωής των προϊόντων, καθώς και τις επιπτώσεις στο περιβάλλον από τη χρήση των προϊόντων αυτών. Ωστόσο, δεν διαφαίνεται σημαντική διαφορά, μετά τη διδασκαλία, σχετικά με τους τρόπους μείωσης  του Υ.Α. στα υπό μελέτη προϊόντα, όπως και στις διάφορες αξίες που διακυβεύονται αναφορικά με το Υ.Α..
Ecological Self: Integrating Environmental Psychology, Ecopsychology, and Ecotheology in the Anthropocene
Authors: Fountoulakis Georgios , Alkhouri Khader I.
Published: January 2025

This article provides an in-depth exploration of the intersection between environmental psychology, ecopsychology, and ecotheology in addressing contemporary environmental challenges. It examines how these interdisciplinary fields can contribute to fostering sustainable human-nature relationships and environmental stewardship in the context of the Anthropocene. The research analyzes psychological, spiritual, and ethical dimensions of human-nature interactions, emphasizing the need for an integrative approach that incorporates scientific, humanistic, and spiritual perspectives. Key themes include the psychological and health impacts of nature exposure, religious and philosophical views of nature, environmental ethics, risk perception, adaptation to environmental changes, and strategies for promoting pro-environmental behaviors. By synthesizing insights from multiple disciplines, this article aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and nurturing the ecological self in the face of global environmental challenges.
Who do you think they are? An exploratory analysis of face-based impressions formed by cisgender, transgender and gender nonbinary individuals
Authors: Fasoli Fabio , Divine Ivvy , Hopkins-Doyle Aífe
Published: January 2025

Background Individuals make first impressions of others based on how they look. Facial cues trigger gender social categorisation and elicit gender stereotyping. However, it remains unclear to what extent such impressions are influenced by the perceivers’ gender identity and gender beliefs. Methods We recruited cisgender and transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) participants (N = 195). Participants were shown three morphed faces (prototypical male versus. prototypical female versus. androgynous) and, for each target, were asked to create a sentence describing their first impression. To do so, they had to choose from a list of pronouns, professions, and personality traits. Participants also reported how confident they were in their first impression and rated the gender of the targets. Results Results showed that overall participants perceived the prototypical male target as masculine while both the prototypical female and androgynous targets were seen as feminine. Participants also felt more confident when forming an impression about the prototypical male target. Further, impressions were influenced by perceivers’ gender identity. Cisgender participants formed stronger stereotypical impressions of the prototypical male and female target than TGNB participants. In particular, cisgender participants were more likely to use masculine pronouns for the prototypical male target and more feminine pronouns for the prototypical female target, but less neutral pronouns for the androgynous target, than TGNB participants. The difference in pronoun use was mediated by cisgender participants stronger endorsement of gender binary beliefs. Conclusions These findings provide new insights into face-based stereotyping and show the importance of considering different stereotype components and individual differences such as gender identity and beliefs.
A pilot protocol for surveillance of infection and antibiotic prescribing in primary healthcare across the globe: Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Healthcare Point Prevalence Survey (APC-PPS)
Authors: Cook Aislinn , Goelen Jan , Moore Catrin E. , Martin Jennifer , Pouwels Koen B. , Sharland Michael
Published: January 2025

Little data is available from the primary healthcare setting in low- and middle-income countries to describe the burden of clinical infections and antibiotic prescribing proportions for those infections. The AWaRe Antibiotic Book provides a framework for assessing antibiotic prescribing in primary healthcare but requires understanding both frequency of clinical infections and their antibiotic prescribing proportions. The Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Healthcare Point Prevalence Survey (APC-PPS) project is a series of point prevalence surveys conducted at primary healthcare facilities in LMICs to capture the frequency of consultation for different clinical infections and diagnoses and the frequency and type of antibiotic prescribing associated with these infections in primary healthcare facilities. This study aims to assess the feasibility of using a PPS methodology to collect data on clinical presentation and antibiotic prescribing in primary healthcare settings. The data collected are necessary to be able to summarise relative rates of presentation of different clinical infections and antibiotic prescribing practices to inform global estimates of antibiotic use and inform the development of surveillance methods and representative sampling frames. Each site will conduct 6-8 point prevalence surveys over the course of 12 months. Completely anonymous data on age, sex, relevant comorbidities, infection symptoms and diagnoses and antibiotic prescription are collected for patients of all ages with acute infection symptoms (up to 14 days of symptoms) who present to the facility on the day of the survey. No identifiable data will be collected from individuals. Data is collected via ODK Collect and stored in a secure ODK Cloud server hosted by City St. George’s, University of London. Sites will be active between early 2023- end 2024, with regular interim data analysis scheduled and final data analysis planned by mid 2025. All required local and national ethical and regulatory approvals will be obtained prior to sites starting.
Mitochondrial myopathy revealed postoperative acute respiratory failure: A case report
Authors: Park Seon Yeong , Hong Sung Min , Lee Ho Young , Kim Mi-Yeong , Lee Hyun-Kyung , Han Ji-Yeon , Cho Hwa Jin , Oh Seong-Il , Lee Hongyeul
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Mitochondrial myopathies are characterized by primary dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain; they typically present as chronic muscle weakness. Clinically visible acute respiratory dysfunctions associated with mitochondrial myopathies occur rarely.

CASE SUMMARY

In this report, we present the case of a patient who developed postoperative hypoventilation after undergoing an uneventful administration of general anesthesia. A 34-year-old woman with no family history of myopathy underwent laparoscopic removal of a right-sided ureteric stone. Two days postoperatively, her oxygen saturation decreased rapidly, and blood gas analysis revealed hypercapnia. We promptly intubated and initiated the patient and initiated her on mechanical ventilation as she remained awake. Clinical examination findings were unremarkable; the results of laboratory investigations, including those for thyroid, hepatic, renal, and neuromuscular functions, were within normal limits. Muscle biopsy revealed muscle fibers of varying sizes as well as several degenerating and regenerating myofibers. Modified Gomori trichrome staining of the cross-sections revealed ragged red fibers. Based on these findings, we diagnosed the patient with mitochondrial myopathy. The patient’s condition gradually improved, and she was discharged on a home ventilator 73 days postoperatively.

CONCLUSION

Our case highlights that mitochondrial myopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with postoperative respiratory failure.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis induced by the anti-programmed cell death-1 inhibitor tislelizumab: A case report
Authors: Zhao Jian-Hui , Wang Jing-Jiao , Li Yi-Wen
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new class of antitumor agents. They enhance antitumor effects by blocking inhibitory receptors and related ligands expressed on T cells. ICIs also modulate regular immune cell activity, affecting the immune system and causing immune-related adverse events. The renal system is sometimes affected by these adverse events. Currently, the literature on ICIs-related glomerular injuries is scarce.

CASE SUMMARY

We present a patient who developed granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) 3 weeks after treatment with the anti-programmed cell death-1 inhibitor, tislelizumab. The patient experienced proteinuria, hematuria, and acute kidney injury without pulmonary hemorrhage and tested positive for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-cytoplasmic type. Renal biopsy confirmed ANCA-associated vasculitis, and GPA was finally diagnosed. The patient received pulse treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide, and renal function improved. After self-discontinuation of the drug, the disease recurred, and the original treatment regimen was continued. However, the patient’s renal function continued to deteriorate.

CONCLUSION

Glucocorticoids plus cyclophosphamide are effective for treating GPA induced by tislelizumab. However, follow-up and patient education are needed.
Effect of brush rinse on the diagnostic accuracy of biliary stricture evaluation: A multicenter trial
Authors: So Hoonsub , Jang Sung Ill , Ko Sung Woo , Yoon Seung Bae , Lee Young Sub , Bang SungJo , Kim Misung , Choi Hye-Jeong
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Brush cytology is the most commonly used technique for tissue acquisition during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the evaluation of biliary strictures. Nonetheless, brush cytology is limited by its low sensitivity due to insufficient cellular yield.

AIM

To evaluate the impact of the sheath-rinse technique on improving the cellularity yield.

METHODS

A total of 112 patients with suspected malignant biliary strictures were enrolled at two tertiary centers in South Korea. The sample cellularity and diagnostic accuracy of brush-wash and sheath-rinse specimens were compared.

RESULTS

A significantly increased number of total cell clusters per representative 20 × field was recorded in the sheath-rinse compared with the brush-wash specimens (median: 12 vs 3, P < 0.001). This trend persisted when large (> 50 cells) clusters (median: 8 vs 3, P < 0.001), medium (6-49 cells) (median: 7 vs 3, P < 0.001), and small (2-5 cells) clusters (median: 9 vs 3, P < 0.001) were evaluated. Diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for differentiating malignancy were superior with sheath-rinsing than with the brush-wash method (72.3% vs 62.5%, P < 0.001 and 69.9% vs 59.2%, P < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Incorporating sheath-rinse specimens significantly improved the yield and diagnostic accuracy of biliary brush cytology. Sheath-rinsing should be integrated into routine clinical practice to improve diagnostic performance for biliary strictures.
Thermally tunable THz modulator based on a metasurface with VO2
Authors: Xu Lanlan , Wang Naihui
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a “C”-shaped terahertz (THz) metasurface
modulator that leverages the phase transition properties of vanadium
dioxide (VO2) between its metallic and insulating
states. The resonant frequencies of the modulator are tunable by the
structural geometric parameters. At low temperatures, the single
resonance mode is primarily driven by the longitudinal metal arm,
whereas at high temperatures, the single resonance mode is dominated
by the transverse arm of VO2, transitioning to the metallic phase.
The modulation achieves a modulation depth exceeding 50% across four
filling methods, and reaching a maximum of 97% at 0.405 THz.
Additionally, it demonstrates high-temperature sensitivity, achieving
a value of 0.046/°C in the range of 50–74°C. These results highlight
the excellent modulation performance and temperature-sensing
capabilities of the proposed metasurface modulator. With potential
applications in smart windows, sensors, and 6G communications, this
work offers valuable insights into advancing THz functional devices
and improving their performance and practicality.
Polarization enhancement of contrast through a water surface
Authors: Venkatesulu Erica , Buglione Kyndra L. , Field Nathaniel J. , Doney Kirstin D. , Shaw Joseph A.
Published: January 2025

When imaging underwater scenes from above the water surface, the reflection from the air–water interface creates an obscuring background that varies with illumination and viewing angles. It is well known that the reflected light is horizontally polarized, and using a vertically transmitting polarizing filter is a common technique to improve the contrast of underwater scenes. However, to our knowledge, no quantitative measurements of polarization-enabled contrast enhancement have been reported in the literature. In this work, panchromatic and RGB division-of-focal-plane polarization cameras were used to record images of black and white tiles submerged in water for determining contrast as a function of viewing angle, both without a polarizer and with a vertical polarizer. Experiments were conducted in two outdoor locations and in a black tub indoors with controlled color and brightness of the reflected background. The maximum contrast through a vertical polarizer occurred near the Brewster angle, but the amount of contrast enhancement (the ratio of contrast through a polarizer to contrast without a polarizer) was found to increase until much larger angles. Also, the observed changes in contrast resulting from changing properties of the reflected background were consistent with the Fresnel reflection coefficients.
Dynamic gradient optimization position correction method in ptychography
Authors: Liu Mengnan , Han Yu , Xi Xiaoqi , Zhong Qi , Zhang Liyang , Li Lei , Xu Zijian , Zhang Xiangzhi , Yan Bin
Published: January 2025

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) overcomes the limitation of the optical component fabrication technology on imaging resolution. Ptychography, an important variant of CDI, can reconstruct the complex transmission of the object through a series of diffraction patterns, while providing a large field of view with a high resolution. However, the accuracy of the scan positions has a significant effect on the image quality of the ptychography. Herein, the translation parameters are dynamically and adaptively adjusted by the gradient optimization algorithms within the extended ptychographic iterative engine. Six advanced gradient optimization algorithms are evaluated through simulations. The results show that they can achieve subpixel correction accuracy. In addition, the method is tested on an experimental ptychography dataset using soft X-ray, which also verifies its capability for reconstruction improvement.
Experimental study on high-precision phase diversity wavefront sensing using a distorted grating
Authors: Pan Xianfa , Xu Boqian , Bai Xiaoquan , Gao Yan , Dong Jihong , Ju Guohao
Published: January 2025

Phase diversity using a distorted grating is recognized as an effective wavefront sensing technique. The distorted grating is capable of simultaneously generating multiple images with specific diversity phases, offering advantages such as high efficiency of phase diversity image acquisition and resistance to vibrations. However, the application and development of this technique have been limited due to the lack of experimental validation for achieving high-precision wavefront sensing. In this study, a distorted grating was designed and fabricated to produce three defocused images. An improved Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithm was employed to enhance the stability and efficiency of the phase diversity algorithm when processing large-scale data from multiple images. Experimental verification was conducted using an off-axis two-mirror optical system, and the results demonstrated that this method achieves high-precision wavefront sensing. This paper aims to contribute to the promotion and broader application of phase diversity with distorted grating.
Hyperbolic transition of phonon polaritons from volume to surface modes in β-Ga2O3
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Hu Yidan , Liu Lu , Zeng Yali , Hou Tao , Yin Yuhang , Dai Zhigao , Zhu Shan , Chen Huanyang
Published: January 2025

As hybrid quasi-particles formed by the coupling of photons with lattice vibrations, phonon polaritons (PhPs) play a crucial role in nanophotonics due to their intense field confinement and long lifetimes. Exotic polaritonic behaviors were achieved by manipulating the in-plane anisotropy of crystals. However, the influence of the out-of-plane permittivity to the manipulation of polaritons needs further exploration, due to its significant impact on light behaviors. Here, we find a transition of phonon polaritons from volume to surface modes in a finite-thickness β-Ga2O3 flake, which arises from the sign reversals of the out-of-plane permittivities at different frequencies. Through theoretical analysis, the volume mode and the surface mode of PhPs are distinguished, and the relationship between the surface-bulk properties and the field distribution of PhPs is revealed. Finally, we provide a comprehensive explanation of the thickness-dependent behavior of PhPs. Our findings deepen the understanding of the propagation behavior of PhPs in van der Waals crystals.
Miniature FBG force sensor capable of effectively resisting lateral forces
Authors: Dong Shiyuan , Zhang Xingyu , Lou Yuyang , Luo Dong , Wu Jianwei , Tao Ran , Liu Huanhuan , Yang Tianyu , Dong Yuming
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a high-precision miniature force sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for measuring axial contact force (CF) between a medical instrument tip and tissue during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) palpation. The newly designed FBG force sensor, with a reduced diameter of 1.5 mm and a total length of 12 mm, is easier to integrate into miniature medical instruments compared to existing 3 mm diameter sensors. The sensor consists of a tubular elastomer structure and two optical fibers. A unique staggered inclined notch design on the elastomer surface enhances sensitivity to axial forces and mitigates lateral force-induced strains. The central axial optical fiber has FBG1 inscribed to detect strains from axial forces and temperature changes, while the adjacent fiber has FBG2 to measure only temperature-induced strains. Calibration and temperature compensation experiments confirmed the sensor’s accuracy in measuring CF and decoupling temperature effects. The sensor has an axial force sensitivity range of 0 to 1.4 N with a sensitivity of 270.809 pm/N and a dynamic measurement error of less than 0.2 g. The post-temperature compensation error is less than 0.08 N. Simulation palpation experiments, using silicone embedded with hard blocks to mimic pathological tissues, validated the sensor’s effectiveness in detecting tissue abnormalities and distinguishing the hardness of different blocks during MIS palpation. A comparative experiment was conducted with a traditional helical-structured sensor to assess lateral force resistance, confirming that the designed sensor exhibits excellent lateral force resistance.
Twist- and cross-phase-modulated Laguerre-Gaussian correlated Schell-model beam and its radiation forces
Authors: Peng Xiaofeng , Zhu Yuguang , Liu Lin , Wang Haiyun , Liu Leixin , Cai Yangjian
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we introduce what we believe to be a novel partially coherent beam with a nonconventional correlation function, named the twist- and cross-phase-modulated Laguerre-Gaussian correlated Schell-model (TCPM-LGSM) beam, which carries both twist and cross phase. The propagation properties of the TCPM-LGSM beam have been investigated in detail. Our results indicate that both the twist phase and cross phase hinder the evolution of the beam’s intensity distribution from a Gaussian to a hollow profile due to the correlation structure. Additionally, when the beam simultaneously carries both phases, it forms an intensity distribution with two intensity peaks in the focal plane. Furthermore, the twist phase and cross phase can improve the beam’s ability to maintain its distribution of the spectral degree of coherence (SDOC) in the far field. Under the combined influence of phases, although the distribution of the SDOC changes, it significantly enhances the ability to measure the order of the correlation structures with higher orders. Moreover, we studied the orbital angular momentum (OAM) distribution of the TCPM-LGSM beam and found that, although the correlation structure itself does not carry OAM, it substantially alters the beam’s OAM distribution when beam carries the twist and cross phase. Finally, we explored the application of the proposed beam in particle trapping. By modulating the beam’s source parameters, particles can be trapped at the ring, the center, or at the two intensity peaks, respectively. This work provides valuable theoretical guidance for information transfer and particle trapping.
Data-driven model discovery and model selection for noisy biological systems
Authors: Wu Xiaojun , McDermott MeiLu , MacLean Adam L
Published: January 2025

Biological systems exhibit complex dynamics that differential equations can often adeptly represent. Ordinary differential equation models are widespread; until recently their construction has required extensive prior knowledge of the system. Machine learning methods offer alternative means of model construction: differential equation models can be learnt from data via model discovery using sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy). However, SINDy struggles with realistic levels of biological noise and is limited in its ability to incorporate prior knowledge of the system. We propose a data-driven framework for model discovery and model selection using hybrid dynamical systems: partial models containing missing terms. Neural networks are used to approximate the unknown dynamics of a system, enabling the denoising of the data while simultaneously learning the latent dynamics. Simulations from the fitted neural network are then used to infer models using sparse regression. We show, via model selection, that model discovery using hybrid dynamical systems outperforms alternative approaches. We find it possible to infer models correctly up to high levels of biological noise of different types. We demonstrate the potential to learn models from sparse, noisy data in application to a canonical cell state transition using data derived from single-cell transcriptomics. Overall, this approach provides a practical framework for model discovery in biology in cases where data are noisy and sparse, of particular utility when the underlying biological mechanisms are partially but incompletely known.
Extracting the fingerprints of sequences of random rhythmic auditory stimuli from electrophysiological data
Authors: Najman Fernando A. , Galves Antonio , Svarc Marcela , Vargas Claudia D.
Published: January 2025

It has been classically conjectured that the brain assigns probabilistic models to sequences of stimuli. An important issue associated with this conjecture is the identification of the classes of models used by the brain to perform this task. We address this issue by using a new clustering procedure for sets of electroencephalographic (EEG) data recorded from participants exposed to a sequence of auditory stimuli generated by a stochastic chain. This clustering procedure indicates that the brain uses the recurrent occurrences of a regular auditory stimulus in order to build a model.
Reseña del libro: Ricardo-María Jiménez-Yáñez, Con la religión hemos dado, Sancho. Framing de la religión en editoriales de cuatro periódicos españoles
Authors: Contreras Diego
Published: January 2025

Ricardo-María Jiménez-Yáñez, Con la religión hemos dado, Sancho. Framing de la religión en editoriales de cuatro periódicos españoles. Madrid: Editorial Fragua, 2021. 316 pp. ISBN 978-84-7074-910-0.
Comentarios acerca del silencio. Estrategias discursivas en las columnas de la prensa mexicana sobre la negativa de López Obrador a reconocer la victoria de Biden
Authors: Goßen Christiane M.
Published: January 2025

En la siguiente investigación se analizan artículos de opinión de las versiones digitales de seis medios impresos mexicanos publicados entre noviembre y diciembre de 2020 que abordan la negativa del presidente mexicano Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) a extender una felicitación a Joe Biden por su victoria presidencial en noviembre, así como la felicitación finalmente emitida en diciembre. En primer lugar, se presenta un marco teórico para definir y analizar los artículos de opinión en general. A continuación, se examina el corpus de artículos empleando el análisis crítico del discurso. Se puede observar que los periodistas evalúan a AMLO y sus acciones desde una perspectiva unilateral, es decir, particularmente crítica frente al actual gobierno mexicano. Sin embargo, las estrategias discursivas utilizadas por los distintos autores difieren. En este estudio se examinan dichas estrategias contrastantes, consultando como base metodológica la descripción de los actores sociales según Theo van Leeuwen (2008) y el cuadrado ideológico (“ideological square”, 2004) según Teun A. van Dijk.