bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoinflammationssyndrome
Authors: Meier‐Schiesser Barbara , French Lars E.
Published: March 2021

Autoinflammationssyndrome sind eine wachsende Gruppe entzündlicher Erkrankungen, die durch Fehlregulationen im angeborenen Immunsystem verursacht werden. Die klinische Präsentation ist vielfältig, charakteristisch sind jedoch rezidivierende Fieberschübe, Hautbeteiligung, Gelenkentzündungen und andere systemische Entzündungssymptome. Im Gegensatz zu klassischen Autoimmunkrankheiten sind Autoantikörper oder spezifische T‐Zellen nicht an der Pathogenese beteiligt. Vielmehr spielt die angeborene Immunität die größte Rolle in der Autoinflammation. Während die Aktivierung des angeborenen Immunsystems normalerweise selbstlimitierend ist, kann es durch Mutationen und Fehlregulationen zu chronischer und exzessiver Aktivierung der angeborenen Immunantwort und somit zur Ausbildung autoinflammatorischer Syndrome kommen.
Stellenwert diagnostischer Verfahren und Risiko von Zweittumoren bei primär kutanen Lymphomen
Authors: Scheu Alexander , Schnabl Saskia Maria , Steiner Daniel Patric , Fend Falko , Berneburg Mark , Yazdi Amir Sadegh
Published: March 2021

Hintergrund

Primär kutane Lymphome (PCL) unterscheiden sich oft stark im klinischen Verhalten und in der Prognose von systemischen Lymphomen des gleichen histopathologischen Typs. Ziel der Studie war es, die Verteilung der PCL‐Subtypen, die Zeitspanne von der Krankheitsmanifestation bis zur Diagnosestellung, den Stellenwert diagnostischer Verfahren, das Auftreten von Zweittumoren und die verschiedenen Behandlungsmodalitäten im Rahmen des Krankheitsverlaufs zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methodik

Retrospektive Analyse von 152 Patienten mit PCL, die von 2010–2012 an der Universitäts‐Hautklinik Tübingen behandelt wurden.

Ergebnisse

105 Patienten mit primär kutanem T‐Zell‐Lymphom (CTCL) (69,1 %) und 47 Patienten mit primär kutanem B‐Zell‐Lymphom (CBCL) (30,9 %) wurden eingeschlossen. Die Zeitspanne von der Krankheitsmanifestation bis zur Diagnose betrug durchschnittlich vier Jahre. Mycosis fungoides (MF) (47,4 %) wurde am häufigsten diagnostiziert. Die First‐Line‐Therapien umfassten hier entweder eine alleinige Phototherapie (PUVA, n = 48; UVB 311 nm, n = 7) oder Kombinationstherapien (PUVA mit systemischen Retinoiden, n = 18). Häufigste Second‐Line‐Therapie war Interferon (INF)‐α plus PUVA (n = 15). Der Behandlungsverlauf war insgesamt günstig (45,2 % Remission, 28,6 % stabile Erkrankung, 22,6 % Progress). Maligne Komorbiditäten wurden im Vergleich zu einer gesunden Vergleichsgruppe häufiger beobachtet.

Schlussfolgerungen

Bis zur Diagnosestellung der PCL dauert es oft mehrere Jahre. Der Wert der Staging‐Verfahren ist gering. Die Behandlungsmodalitäten in früheren MF‐Stadien basieren hauptsächlich auf der Phototherapie.
Tropherymawhipplei endocarditis
Authors: Sarvananthan Sajiram , Velissaris Theodore , Miskolczi Szabolcs , Yam TatShing , Shah Benoy N.
Published: March 2021

Tropheryma whipplei is a bacterium that causes a rare infection called Whipple's disease and can cause devastating effects if left untreated. It is important to recognize that patients with this infection may present with atypical symptoms and are often apyrexial with normal inflammatory markers. Moreover, routine blood cultures often do not isolate these bacteria in conventional growth media. Therefore, it requires a high level of clinical suspicion to make this diagnosis. Here, we present two cases of Tropheryma whipplei aortic valve endocarditis, with atypical presentation and similar unusual but striking echocardiographic images.
The Hague Convention and Transnational Custody Disputes
Authors: Abella Justice Rosalie Silberman , Plant Jocelyn
Published: March 2021

Adopted on October 24, 1980, the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction was designed to address the problem of international parental child abduction. More than 90 States are contracting parties to the Convention, making it one of the most important and successful family law instruments completed under the auspices of the Hague Convention on private international law. The Convention places a premium on prompt return in circumstances where a child was removed from one jurisdiction by a parent – the jurisdiction of “habitual residence” – in breach of the custody rights of the “left behind” parent. Once returned, custody can be determined by the relevant authorities in the jurisdiction of habitual residence. Habitual residence is central to the operation of the Convention, since the return mechanism in art. Twelve will only be triggered when a child is wrongfully removed from their State of habitual residence. The Supreme Court of Canada applies the “hybrid approach” to determining habitual residence, which treats the circumstances of the children and the intentions of the parties as factors to be considered in achieving a just result which fulfills the objectives of the Hague Convention. Under the hybrid approach, the court has the task of determining the focal point of the child's life immediately prior to the removal or retention. The child's perspective is thereby put squarely at the centre of Convention applications. Canada's approach represents an evolution from the formalism of early cases to a recognition that the best interests of children generally is not a substitute for the best interests of the particular children before the court.
Bioimpedance analysis is not superior to clinical assessment in determining hydration status: A prospective randomized‐controlled trial in a Western dialysis population
Authors: Sommerer Claudia , Felten Paul , Toernig Johannes , Zeier Martin , Dikow Ralf
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Fluid management is an important goal of dialysis treatment. The accurate assessment of fluid status is still a challenge for clinical nephrologists. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been proposed as an objective tool to assess hydration.

Methods

This was a prospective randomized controlled study to compare hydration status measured by clinical assessment compared to BIA using a body composition monitor (BCM). The primary outcome was defined as the decline of cardiac biomarker N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) from baseline to the end of the study.

Findings

About 281 chronic hemodialysis patients were assessed for eligibility, and 132 patients provided written informed consent to participate (65 BIA group, 67 clinical group). Predialytic NT‐proBNP, and decline of NT‐proBNP were similar in both groups. The amount of overhydration (2.18 ± 2.11 L vs. 1.29 ± 1.97 L; p 0.016) and the number of patients with severe overhydration (46.0% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.04) were significantly higher in the BIA group at the end of the study. Fluid accumulation in the interdialytic period was significantly lower in the clinical group (p = 0.013). Adverse events occurred more often in the BIA group (p = 0.032). The cumulative number of hypovolemic events was significantly higher in the BIA group (p = 0.002).

Discussion

Fluid management by BIA does not lead to a better cardiac outcome (appraised by surrogate markers) than fluid management by careful clinical assessment. Adapting the dry weight according to BIA results increases the risk of adverse events, especially hypovolemic episodes. Careful clinical fluid assessment is important for optimal care of chronic hemodialysis patients.
Real‐world hospital mortality of liver cirrhosis inpatients in Japan: a large‐scale cohort study using a medical claims database
Authors: Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Sano Hiromi , Hirano Takahiro , Shibasaki Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2021

Aim

Prognosis of liver cirrhosis patients is poor when ascites is present and liver function is impaired, but such up‐to‐date information from a large‐scale, real‐world setting is limited in Japan. We aimed to investigate the hospital mortality of Japanese liver cirrhosis inpatients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included data on liver cirrhosis inpatients between January 2011 and September 2018 extracted from an administrative claims database. The outcome was in‐hospital mortality. The 1‐ and 3‐year cumulative survival rates were examined for liver cirrhosis etiology, Child–Pugh classification, or ascites presence/absence using Kaplan–Meier analysis. The survival up to 1 year for tolvaptan prescription/nonprescription was examined.

Results

We analyzed the data of 57 769 inpatients. Survival rates did not substantially differ among etiologies, with a better prognosis for alcohol etiology and poorer prognosis for hepatitis C virus. According to the Child–Pugh classification, the 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates were 90.2% and 75.3% for grade A, 73.5% and 53.9% for grade B, and 41.9% and 28.9% for grade C, respectively. Patients without ascites had a higher survival rate (83.2% and 67.0% at 1 and 3 years, respectively) than those with ascites (51.9% and 36.3%, respectively). Based on examining matched patients with ascites using a propensity score, prognosis was poor in general but was better at 6 months (58.1%) or similar at 1 year (47.1%) in patients prescribed tolvaptan compared to those not prescribed tolvaptan (54.8% and 47.5%, respectively).

Conclusions

Poorer prognosis was suggested in inpatients with cirrhosis who had a worse Child–Pugh grade and ascites.
Do health service staff support the implementation of voluntary assisted dying at their workplace?
Authors: Fuscaldo Giuliana , Gwini Stella May , Larsen Richard , Venkataramani Amarita
Published: March 2021

Background

On 29 November 2017, the Victorian Parliament passed the Voluntary Assisted Dying (VAD) Act 2017, which came into effect on 19 June 2019.

Aims

To investigate whether staff from a large regional health service support the legalisation of VAD and the implementation of VAD at their workplace.

Methods

Staff were invited to complete an anonymous online survey comprising both closed‐ and open‐ended questions.

Results

Thirty‐eight percent of the workforce (n = 1624) responded to the survey. Most participants supported the legalisation of VAD (88%), the provision of eligibility assessment and/or the administration of VAD within the health service (80%). There were negligible differences in support for VAD by role; however, specialist doctors were significantly less supportive (65%). Approximately half of the respondents expressed concern about monitoring (49%) or implementation (53%) of VAD. Concerns were also raised about assessment of eligibility, support for staff involved in VAD and pressure on both patients and staff to participate. Nearly three‐quarters (71%) of participants agreed that if the health service offers VAD services, a special unit or facility should be available.

Conclusions

This study found that health workers have concerns about the implementation of VAD at their workplace but are generally supportive. This article provides information for health services considering the implementation of VAD, about staff concerns and issues that need to be addressed for the successful introduction of VAD.
In search of biomarkers for leprosy by unraveling the host immune response to Mycobacterium leprae
Authors: van Hooij Anouk , Geluk Annemieke
Published: March 2021

Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is still actively transmitted in endemic areas reflected by the fairly stable number of new cases detected each year. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of leprosy is challenging, especially at an early stage. Improved diagnostic tools, based on sensitive and specific biomarkers, that facilitate diagnosis of leprosy are therefore urgently needed. In this review, we address the challenges that leprosy biomarker research is facing by reviewing cell types reported to be involved in host immunity to M leprae. These cell types can be associated with different possible fates of M leprae infection being either protective immunity, or pathogenic immune responses inducing nerve damage. Unraveling these responses will facilitate the search for biomarkers. Implications for further studies to disentangle the complex interplay between host responses that lead to leprosy disease are discussed, providing leads for the identification of new biomarkers to improve leprosy diagnostics.
The lab In A box: A take‐out practical experience for an online invertebrate biology course
Authors: Novo Marta , Sánchez Nuria , Gutiérrez López Mónica , Cánovas Rosario G. , Pardos Fernando , Trigo Dolores , Díaz Cosín Darío
Published: March 2021

Hands‐on experience is critical to teaching invertebrate zoology, as students are unfamiliar with many animals and theoretical concepts are sometimes difficult to assimilate. As part of a fully online course, we decided to give students a box of take‐home materials so that they could do hands‐on work in their homes under the guidance of the teacher or at their own pace following the lecture scripts and presentations. The box contained whole specimens fixed in ethanol for observation and dissection, dried material such as skeletons and shells, and microscope slides. We also included a USB digital microscope to facilitate visualization of details and slides. The experience was very satisfying and proved to be not only a good alternative for mandatory online classes in times of pandemic, but also an interesting resource to supplement face‐to‐face classes.
Alterations in atrial electrogram amplitude as steady sinus rhythm transitions to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation during continuous monitoring in patients with implantable cardiac devices: Insights from the IMPACT study
Authors: Kantharia Bharat K. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Martin David T.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate whether device measured amplitudes of atrial electrogram (AEGM) would change when measured in sinus rhythm (SR) transitioning to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) from previous steady SR, and significance of such change.

Methods

From the IMPACT trial's database we selected two groups; (A) those who developed AF (n = 164), and (B) propensity‐matched control (n = 459) who stayed in SR during continuous Home Monitoring (HM) to compare AEGMs amplitudes at baseline SR and transition phase.

Results

During 420.0 ± 349.2 days (mean ± SD) from first postenrollment HM transmission to AF event transmission in Group A, and corresponding 515.3 ± 407.0 days in Group B, baseline and transition AEGM amplitude were 2.88 ± 1.146 and 2.74 ± 1.186 mV, respectively, for Group A (p = .1), and 2.88 ± 1.155 and 2.79 ± 1.145, respectively, for Group B (p < .005). Comparison of differences of AEGM amplitude, 0.14 ± 1.072 mV in Group A and 0.09 ± 0.893 mV in Group B were insignificant (p = .3). Age, sex, and hypertension identified as confounders had no association to AEGM changes (p = NS).

Conclusions

Independent of age, sex, and hypertension, AEGMs amplitudes decline over a long period of time in patients with defibrillators and substrate for AF. The significance of such change remains unclear as it occurs whether patients develop AF or not, but raises a possibility of progressive atrial myopathy that patients with substrate for AF may be predisposed to.
Secular trends in severe periodontitis incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life years in five Asian countries: A comparative study from 1990 to 2017
Authors: Luo Li‐Sha , Luan Hang‐Hang , Wu Lan , Shi Yu‐Jie , Wang Yong‐Bo , Huang Qiao , Xie Wen‐Zhong , Zeng Xian‐Tao
Published: March 2021

Aims

To investigate secular trends in severe periodontitis incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) rates in China, India, Japan, South Korea and Thailand from 1990 to 2017.

Materials and Methods

Data were obtained from the “Global Burden of Disease Study” 2017. The annual percentage change and average annual percentage change were calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. The independent age, period and cohort effects were estimated by age–period–cohort analysis.

Results

From 1990 to 2017, the overall age‐standardized incidence, prevalence and DALY rates increased in China, Japan and India, while decreasing in South Korea and Thailand. The highest incidence, prevalence and DALY rates were in India. By APC analysis, the age effect presented increase in 20–59 years in China, Japan and South Korea, 20–54 years in India and 20–64 years in Thailand; the period effect showed progressive increases in five countries, with the most significant increase shown in China; the cohort effect showed monotonic decreases with birth cohort in five countries.

Conclusions

Severe periodontitis poses a serious burden in Asian countries, especially China and India. We suggest raising people's awareness of periodontal health and providing professional interventions in these countries, especially for high‐risk groups, such as younger people aged ≤65 years.
Dermoscopic and trichoscopic features of primary cutaneous lymphomas – systematic review
Authors: Sławińska M. , Sokołowska‐Wojdyło M. , Olszewska B. , Nowicki R.J. , Sobjanek M. , Zalaudek I.
Published: March 2021

Dermoscopy and trichoscopy are non‐invasive methods used as auxiliary tools in diagnostics of different dermatoses. To date, no systematic review concerning the utility of dermoscopy and trichoscopy in the diagnostics of primary cutaneous lymphomas has been published. The aim of this study was to summarize the current state of knowledge on this topic based on systematic search of PubMed database and related references published before 8th of August 2020. Besides dermoscopic features, type of dermoscope, polarization mode, magnification, number of cases and histopathological correlation were analysed. A total of 34 records were included into the final analysis, evaluating 141 patients diagnosed with primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas and 70 patients with primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas. Most of the analysed records evaluated dermoscopic features (n = 206); trichoscopy was analysed in only 5 cases. Structures most commonly observed in classical mycosis fungoides (n = 108) were fine short linear vessels/linear vessels, spermatozoa‐like vessels and orange‐yellow patchy areas. In folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (n = 12), most frequently observed were comedonal lesions/comedo openings/central keratotic plugs and white halo around hair follicles/perifollicular accentuation. Primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (n = 42) and primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma (n = 20) most commonly presented with salmon‐coloured background and fine short/linear irregular/serpentine vessels. For other PCL, with less than 10 cases reported in the analysed records, details have been provided in the article. Most observations analysed in this systematic review rely on findings from case reports/case series (with the level of evidence V) and lack a control group. A few studies provided information concerning technical aspects of dermoscopic/trichoscopic examination. The role of dermoscopy/trichoscopy in diagnostics of cutaneous lymphomas requires further studies, especially in entities where dermoscopic features have been described in only single or a few cases. However, it seems that this practical, accessory tool in future may provide additional clues during clinical assessment.
Performance assessments and techno and enviro‐economic analyses on forced convection mixed mode solar dryer
Authors: Ekka Jasinta Poonam , Palanisamy Muthukumar
Published: March 2021

Solar drying is an energy‐efficient and eco‐friendly process, and it is extensively used in low‐temperature drying. In this paper, the year around performance and techno enviro‐economic assessments of a forced convection mixed‐mode solar dryer (MSD) are presented. The developed MSD has been tested throughout the year for the drying of various agricultural products such as jackfruit, red chili, turmeric, and ginger. The drying temperature of MSD was maintained 15–33°C higher than the ambient air temperature. The economic evaluation was done based on the net present worth, payback period, life cycle saving, and internal rate of return. The payback period was estimated as 0.9 years. The internal rate of return of 130% was obtained on the initial capital investment of the MSD. The effect of the embodied energies of the developed MSD on the environment was investigated based on equivalent thermal energy. The energy payback time (EPBT) of the developed dryer was 3.75 years, and the net CO2 mitigation potential over the life span of the dryer was 8.4 t. The developed MSD dries the agricultural products under hygienic conditions and provides economic viability to the potential users.

Practical application

The developed mixed‐mode solar drying system is used for drying various agricultural products. The moisture content of the product is removed at a much faster rate compared to the traditional sun‐drying method. The performance test for various agricultural products dried during their harvesting season shows its efficient performance throughout the year. The main focus of this work is to analyze the techno and enviro‐economic of the designed mixed‐mode solar dryer. The economic analysis shows a higher internal rate of return for the various products dried over the life span of the dryer. Drying in the solar dryer will enhance product quality, reduce post‐harvest losses, carbon emission and establish economic feasibility, helping the farmers get a good return on their produce.
Diffusion tensor imaging‐based magnetic resonance imaging‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor recurrence after radiofrequency thalamotomy: A case report
Authors: Ito Hisashi , Yamamoto Kazuaki , Fukutake Shigeru , Taira Takaomi , Yamaguchi Toshio
Published: March 2021

We report a 42‐year‐old, left‐handed woman with tremor recurrence after radiofrequency right ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) thalamotomy for an intractable essential tremor. The recurring tremor of the left hand disappeared on conducting magnetic resonance imaging‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) right Vim thalamotomy based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Referring the location of rubro‐thalamic‐cortical tract, we set the target medial to the prior lesion. Pre‐treatment evaluation with DTI could be important for an accurate targeting and a better outcome. Furthermore, MRgFUS Vim thalamotomy could become one of the options for tremor recurrence after surgical intervention.
Sex‐specific associations of human milk long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and infant allergic conditions
Authors: Miliku Kozeta , Richelle Jacqueline , Becker Allan B. , Simons Elinor , Moraes Theo J. , Stuart Turvey E. , Mandhane Piush J. , Sears Malcolm R. , Subbarao Padmaja , Field Catherine J. , Azad Meghan B.
Published: March 2021

Background

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may influence immune development. We examined the association of PUFAs in human milk with food sensitization and atopic dermatitis among breastfed infants.

Methods

In a selected subgroup of 1109 mother‐infant dyads from the CHILD Cohort Study, human milk was analyzed by gas‐liquid chromatography to quantify PUFAs including arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). At 1 year of age, food sensitization was determined by skin‐prick testing for egg, peanut, cow's milk, and soybean, and atopic dermatitis was diagnosed by pediatricians. Logistic regression analyses controlled for breastfeeding exclusivity, family history of atopy, and other potential confounders.

Results

Overall, 184 infants (17%) were sensitized to one or more food allergens and 160 (14%) had atopic dermatitis. Sex‐specific associations were observed between these conditions and milk PUFAs. Girls receiving human milk with lower proportions of DHA had lower odds of food sensitization (aOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.12, 0.99 for lowest vs highest quintile), and a clear dose‐dependent association was observed for the ARA/DHA ratio (aOR 2.98; 95% CI 1.10, 8.06 for lowest vs highest quintile). These associations were not seen in boys. Similar sex‐specific tendencies were observed for atopic dermatitis.

Conclusions

Human milk PUFA proportions and their ratios are associated with infant atopic conditions in a sex‐specific manner. In female infants, a higher ratio of ARA/DHA may reduce the risk of food sensitization and atopic dermatitis. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance of this sex‐specific association.
Continuous renal replacement therapy and extended indications
Authors: Ronco Claudio , Reis Thiago
Published: March 2021

Extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) techniques provide support for critically ill patients with single or multiple organ dysfunction. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the modality of choice for kidney support for those patients and orchestrates the interactions between the different artificial organ support systems. Intensive care teams should be familiar with the concept of sequential extracorporeal therapy and plan on how to incorporate new treatment modalities into their daily practices. Importantly, scientific evidence should guide the decision‐making process at the bedside and provide robust arguments to justify the costs of implementing new EBP treatments. In this narrative review, we explore the extended indications for CRRT as an adjunctive treatment to provide support for the heart, lung, liver, and immune system. We detail practicalities on how to run the treatments and how to tackle the most frequent complications regarding each of the therapies, whether applied alone or integrated. The physicochemical processes and technologies involved at the molecular level encompassing the interactions between the molecules, membranes, and resins are spotlighted. A clinical case will illustrate the timing for the initiation, maintenance, and discontinuation of EBP techniques.
Retrospective symptoms and learning difficulties predicting ADHD in adults: Differences between prison inmates and the clinical population
Authors: Rodríguez Celestino , García Trinidad , Areces Débora , Rodríguez Javier , Arteaga‐Henriquez Gara , Ramos‐Quiroga Antoni
Published: March 2021

People who suffer from ADHD in their childhood are more likely to be involved in criminal acts in late adolescence and adulthood. This study analyses the association between retrospective ADHD symptoms and associated problems (somatic and learning difficulties), and current symptoms in a sample of adults from imprisoned and clinical populations. Four hundred and fifty‐seven participants, aged between 17 and 69 years, were divided into four groups: ADHD prison group without clinical history of symptoms (n = 61), prison group (n = 162), ADHD clinical group (n = 176) and clinical group (n = 58). The ADHD‐IV scale and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) were administered to the four groups and demonstrated high rates of persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood. ADHD groups reported significantly higher impairment both during childhood (symptoms, somatic and learning difficulties) and at present, with the ADHD clinical group being the most severely impaired. Finally, current symptoms of ADHD, along with childhood ADHD symptoms and learning difficulties, significantly predicted current impairments, but only in the clinical group. These findings represent some initial steps into the identification of predictors of ADHD symptomatology in adulthood in order to elucidate its etiopathogenesis and better identify high‐risk groups for targeted prevention.
Analysis of the mediating effect of mentalization on the relationship between attachment styles and emotion dysregulation
Authors: Parada‐Fernández Pamela , Herrero‐Fernández David , Oliva‐Macías Mireia , Rohwer Heidi
Published: March 2021

The current study aims to explore the relationship between attachment styles, mentalization and emotion dysregulation. Moreover, the mediation effect of mentalization in the relationship between attachment and emotion dysregulation is analyzed. A sample composed of 607 participants taken from the Spanish general population completed the measures in a cross‐sectional designed study. The results show that secure attachment is negatively related to emotion dysregulation dimensions, whereas insecure attachment styles show a positive correlation. Furthermore, the mentalization variables are in general significantly related to emotion dysregulation. The mediation model shows a large mediational effect size (f2 = 2.64). The results suggest that mentalization significantly mediates the relationship between emotion dysregulation and preoccupation, self‐sufficiency, and childhood trauma. These results have important implications, as they indicate that clinical interventions on mentalization should reduce emotion dysregulation even in those people with a predominant insecure attachment style.
Efficient estimation via envelope chain in magnetic resonance imaging‐based studies
Authors: Liu Lan , Li Wei , Su Zhihua , Cook Dennis , Vizioli Luca , Yacoub Essa
Published: March 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique that scans the anatomical structure of the brain, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uses the same basic principles of atomic physics as MRI scans but image metabolic function. A major goal of MRI and fMRI study is to precisely delineate various types of tissues, anatomical structure, pathologies, and detect the brain regions that react to outer stimuli (e.g., viewing an image). As a key feature of these MRI‐based neuroimaging data, voxels (cubic pixels of the brain volume) are highly correlated. However, the associations between voxels are often overlooked in the statistical analysis. We adapt a recently proposed dimension reduction method called the envelope method to analyze neuoimaging data taking into account correlation among voxels. We refer to the modified procedure the envelope chain procedure. Because the envelope chain procedure has not been employed before, we demonstrate in simulations the empirical performance of estimator, and examine its sensitivity when our assumptions are violated. We use the estimator to analyze the MRI data from ADHD‐200 study. Data analyses demonstrate that leveraging the correlations among voxels can significantly increase the efficiency of the regression analysis, thus achieving higher detection power with small sample sizes.
Model checking for multiplicative linear regression models with mixed estimators
Authors: Zhang Jun
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we introduce the mixed estimators based on product least relative error estimation and least squares estimation in a multiplicative linear regression model. The asymptotic properties for the mixed estimators are established. We present some explicit expressions of the optimal estimator of the mixed estimators, and we also suggest some numerical solutions in the simulation studies and real data analysis. Studying model checking problems for multiplicative linear regression models, we propose four test statistics. One is the score‐type test statistic, the second one is the residual‐based empirical process test statistic marked by proper functions of the covariates. The third one is the integrated conditional moment test statistic by using linear projection weighting function, and the fourth one is the adaptive model test statistic. These test statistics are all related to the mixed estimators. The asymptotic properties of these test statistics are established, and some bootstrap procedures for calculating the critical values are also proposed. Simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimation procedures, and a real example is analyzed to illustrate its practical usage.
Identification of the novel HLA‐A*68:250 allele in a volunteer bone marrow donor from Sao Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Iacontini Evelyn Guerra Rapanello , Rampim Gisele Fabianne , Terapin Caroliny Fernandes , de Lima Maria Gerbase , de Freitas Dutra Valéria
Published: March 2021

The allele HLA‐A*68:250 differs from HLA‐A*68:27:01 by three nucleotides.
Ex vivo comparison of standing and recumbent repair of incomplete parasagittal fractures of the first phalanx in horses
Authors: Labens Raphael , Jermyn Kieri
Published: March 2021

Objective

To assess suspensory ligament extensor branch location and fracture gap reduction with simulation of standing and recumbent cortical bone screw repair of experimental incomplete parasagittal proximal phalanx (P1) fractures.

Study design

Controlled laboratory study.

Sample population

Twenty equine cadaver forelimbs.

Methods

Simulated fractures were repaired twice in random order. A proximal cortical bone screw was placed in lag fashion with the limb unloaded (simulated recumbent repair) and loaded to 38% of body weight (range, 375–568 kg; simulated standing repair). Changes in fracture gap width were assessed on computed tomography (CT) images and with intraplanar force‐sensitive resistors measuring voltage ratios (V△) between loaded recumbent (R‐1) and standing repair simulations (R‐2). Extensor branch borders were determined relative to implant position and sagittal P1 width on transverse CT images. P ≤ .05 was considered significant.

Results

Standing repair simulation‐associated fracture gaps were not wider than in R‐1 while controlling for confounding factors (loading weight, implant position, or animal age; P > .7, repeated‐measures analysis of variance). Voltage ratio data associated with R‐2 were not smaller than with R‐1 (mean difference, 0.002 ± 0.052; one‐sided Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, P = .27). More of P1 width was approachable palmar to extensor branches when limbs were loaded (0.804 ± 0.314 cm) vs unloaded (0.651 ± 0.31 cm; paired Student's t test, P < .001).

Conclusion

Simulated standing repair was not associated with inferior fracture reduction compared with loaded simulations of recumbent repairs. Limb loading affected extensor branch location relevant to implant positioning.

Clinical significance

Unloading during standing repair of incomplete parasagittal proximal P1 fractures may not be required to optimize fracture reduction.
Teachers’ Beliefs about Authoritative Teaching: Response and Demand, or Response and Control?
Authors: Torff Bruce
Published: March 2021

In two studies, 254 secondary teachers completed a survey assessing beliefs about three putative factors of “authoritative teaching,” response, demand, and control. Control was positively associated with response, suggesting that teachers viewed development of relationships with students as congruent with classroom discipline. But demand was not associated with response, suggesting beliefs holding that academic rigor does not necessarily undermine relationships. Teachers apparently view authoritative teaching as combining response and control, not response and demand. Beliefs as such provide a window on classroom practices and provide a starting point for teacher educators who aim to facilitate optimal interactional styles in schools.
A Tabular Method of Calculating Helicopter Blade Deflections and Moments
Authors: Myklestad N. O.
Published: March 2021

It is assumed that the blade rotates about a fixed axis with a constant angular velocity and that it is subjected to a known load parallel to the axis of rotation. The axis of the blade, which is a line through the centroid of each cross section, is not necessarily a straight radial line, but its deviation from such a line must be small. For each cross section, one of the principal axes of moment of inertia is also considered to be parallel to the axis of rotation and bending is assumed to take place in a plane through this axis. The load as well as the mass of the blade are concentrated at distinct points on the blade axis. Under these assumptions the proposed method of analysis will give the shear forces, bending moments, slopes, and deflections by performing a series of tabular calculations. The load, which is always periodic, must first be put in the form of a constant term and a series of harmonic terms, each of which must be analyzed separately. The effects of the constant load and the eccentricity and slope at the base of the blade axis are found together and are easily disposed of in two simple tabular calculations involving only real quantities. The effect of each harmonic involves three tabular calculations with complex numbers. The complex numbers take care of the phase angles which vary along the axis of the blade.
Burn-Up Dependent Modeling of Fuel-to-Clad Gap Conductance and Temperature Predictions for Mixed-Oxide Fuel in the ESFR-SMART Core
Authors: Lavarenne Jean , Bubelis Evaldas , Davies Una , Gianfelici Simone , Gicquel Solène , Krepel Jiri , Lainet Marc , Lindley Ben , Mikityuk Konstantin , Murphy Christophe , Perrin Benoit , Pfrang Werner , Ponomarev Alexander , Schubert Arndt , Shwageraus Eugene , Van Uffelen Paul
Published: March 2021

Accurate coupled neutronic-thermal-hydraulic analysis of sodium fast reactor (SFRs), including European sodium fast reactor—safety measures assessment and research tools (ESFR-SMART), requires an accurate calculation of the fuel-to-clad gap conductance. This is typically derived using a fuel performance code and is dependent on fuel rating and burn-up history, among other parameters. In this paper, the gap conductance of the mixed oxide fuel (MOX) pins in the ESFR-SMART project is investigated through predictive modeling in seven independent fuel performance codes, to provide confidence in results and to aid the understanding of the uncertainties associated with gap conductance predictions. A parameterization is then defined. A single pin model for both the inner and outer fuel was built. The fuel was burned for 2100 effective full power days, with the axial power distribution varying over time. This paper presents a comparison of the gap conductance and predicted fuel temperature distribution between codes. The values produced from the codes are then combined to produce a best estimate prediction of the gap conductance expressed as a function of nodal fuel rating and burn-up, for both inner and outer fuel for all seven codes. A 2D fit was applied to the data thus obtained. The spread between results is such that, to 95% confidence, gap conductance predictions may vary from the correlation by up to a factor of ∼4. The gap conductance results obtained show a general increase of conductance with fuel rating and burn-up, from 0.22 at 0 burn-up and 10 kW/m to 0.45 W/cm/K at 0 burn-up and 50 kW/m and to 1.00 W/cm/K at 150 GWd/t and 50 kW/m. Some spread between codes has been noted and appears to be consistent with the spread published earlier by several code developers. There is good agreement between codes at low burn-up for both the central and surface fuel temperature predictions. The spread between codes increases with burn-up due to multiple phenomena, including gap re-opening, joint oxyde gain (JOG) formation, and clad swelling.
Influence of Low Ambient Temperatures on the Exhaust Gas and Deposit Composition of Gasoline Engines
Authors: Appel Dominik , Hagen Fabian P. , Wagner Uwe , Koch Thomas , Bockhorn Henning , Trimis Dimosthenis
Published: March 2021

To comply with future emission regulations for internal combustion engines, system-related cold start conditions in short-distance traffic constitute a particular challenge. Under these conditions, pollutant emissions are seriously increased due to internal engine effects and unfavorable operating conditions of the exhaust aftertreatment systems. As a secondary effect, the composition of the exhaust gases has a considerable influence on the deposition of aerosols via different deposition mechanisms and on fouling processes of exhaust gas-carrying components. Also, the performance of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems may be affected disadvantageously. In this study, the exhaust gas and deposit composition of a turbocharged three-cylinder gasoline engine are examined in situ upstream of the catalytic converter at ambient and engine starting temperatures of −22 °C to 23 °C using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer and a particle spectrometer. For the cold start investigation, a modern gasoline engine with series engine periphery is used. In particular, the investigation of the behavior of deposits in the exhaust system of gasoline engines during cold start under dynamic driving conditions represents an extraordinary challenge due to an average lower soot concentration in the exhaust gas compared to diesel engines and so far has not been examined in this form. A novel sampling method allows ex situ analysis of formed deposits during a single driving cycle. Both, particle number concentration and the deposition rate are higher in the testing procedure of real driving emissions (RDEs) than in the inner city part of the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC). In addition, reduced ambient temperatures increase the amount of deposits, which consist predominantly of soot and to a minor fraction of volatile compounds. Although the primary particle size distributions of the deposited soot particles do not change when boundary conditions change, the degree of graphitization within the particles increases with the increasing exhaust gas temperature.
Enhancement of the Photovoltaic Potential in Mimosa pudica-Based Dye for Sensitization of the Working Electrode in the Construction of Solar Cell
Authors: Shitta M. B. , Ogedengbe E. O. B. , Familoni O. B. , Ogundipe O. T.
Published: March 2021

The potential enhancement of extract from Mimosa pudica (M. pudica) leaf for sensitizing TiO2 layer toward the production of the organic solar cell is investigated. A unique diffusion model that incorporates the concentration of the extract in the TiO2 layer is adopted. The diffusion characterization of the extract into the TiO2 provides a proper understanding of the dynamics of the extract within the layer. This research applies the combination of experimental and numerical techniques toward the investigation of the diffusion characteristics in M. pudica extract. Experimental chromatograph of the extract is conducted in order to reveal the properties and concentration of the extract. Three different thicknesses of TiO2 deposit are sensitized at different hours in order to monitor the absorbance. Using the finite volume method (FVM), the adsorption and diffusion characteristics of the extract into the layer of TiO2 are modeled. The current–voltage characteristics of the cell are combined in series as a standard module and applied to an audited office space. The cell area characterized is 0.3848 cm2, and the conversion efficiency of 1.35% is obtained. The concentration model of the extract in TiO2 and the entrance velocity is presented. The experimental and numerical results compared favorably. However, it is anticipated that additional taxonomical characterization of M. pudica and advanced investigation into organic matrix composite will provide a useful guide for the synthesis of the natural dye and enhance the conversion efficiency of the solar module for renewable power generation.
Development of a Knowledge-Based Sequence Design System for Cross Wedge Rolling
Authors: Fu X. P. , Dean T. A.
Published: March 2021

A prototype knowledge-based system of sequence design for cross wedge rolling (CWR) is described. This is a part of a complete system developed for cross wedge rolling process. Parts are catalogued with a hybrid solid rotational part classification and coding system utilizing the principles of group technology, together with metal-flow features. The proper knowledge representation of the rolled part and wedge tool configurations is incorporated into an expert system. Given a part code and its geometric data via the text input, the rolling sequence and wedge tool configurations are automatically determined by the system. Wedge tool feature patterns are embedded into the knowledge representation to match a corresponding rolled part. Examples demonstrated in this paper show that this system has been applied to modelling sequence designs and these designs have assisted the modelling die design activities for the CWR process.
A Generic Petri Net Model for Dynamic Process Planning
Authors: Kiritsis Dimitris , Porchet Michel , Belhi Abdelkader
Published: March 2021

In this paper a generic dynamic model for process planning is presented, based on Petri net technology. The proposed Petri net model 1) represents manufacturing knowledge of the type of precedence relations constraints 2) represents dynamically the process planning procedure itself, and 3) encapsulates all possible process planning solutions (process plans). Furthermore, process planning simulation can be performed directly on the Petri net and reachability analysis of the model gives the complete set of solutions (process plans). Then, optimum solutions can be found by using a method based on heuristics.
OMEGA: An Expert CAPP System
Authors: Sabourin Laurent , Villeneuve François
Published: March 2021

This article presents the validation of a part analysis method for the creation of a process planning system for automobile prototype activity at the PSA group. The methodology presented is founded upon the division of the problem into two semi-separate sub-fields. The first consists in automatically defining the operation sequences, by the association between functional and machining features. The second one defines the sequencing of machining operations in set ups, founded upon a constraint planning strategy. The methods developed in this article have been implemented as an expert system named OMEGA.
Supporting Creative Mechanical Design
Authors: Sun Kun , Faltings Boi
Published: March 2021

Knowledge-based CAD systems limit designers’ creativity by constraining them to work with the prototypes provided by the systems’ knowledge bases. We investigate knowledge-based CAD systems capable of supporting creative designs in the example domain of elementary mechanisms.

We present a technique based on qualitative explanations which allows a designer to extend the knowledge base by demonstrating a structure which implements a function in a creative way. Structure is defined as the geometry of the parts, and function using a general logical language based on qualitative physics. We argue that the technique can accommodate any creative design in the example domain, and we demonstrate the technique using an example of a creative design.

The use of qualitative physics as a tool for extensible knowledge-based systems points out a new and promising application area for qualitative physics.
Automated Verification of Clamping Stability in Computer-Aided Fixture Design
Authors: Rong Yiming (Kevin) , Wu Sheng-hua , Chu T. Philip
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a method for automated verification of clamping stability in computer-aided modular fixture designs. When a modular fixture design is conducted by using a CAD system, equilibrium between clamping forces and locating responses needs to be evaluated for a reliable locating. If the positions and directions of locating and clamping components are not appropriately placed, the clamping action may not secure the locating but destroy it. In this paper, two technical problems related to clamping stability verification are studied: automated extraction of positions/directions of clamping forces and locating responses, and evaluation of clamping equilibrium of the fixture design. The automated extraction of the locating/clamping positions/directions is implemented by adding special attributes into a fixture component CAD database based on an analysis of locating and clamping methods using modular fixture components. To verify the clamping stability of a fixture design, the clamping forces are assumed as active and known input forces, and the locating responses are passive and variables to be solved. In the solution, all locating responses should be non-negative for a stable clamping, and the friction should be in a feasible range for a stable clamping.