bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injectable Chitosan Scaffolds with Calcium β-Glycerophosphate as the Only Neutralizing Agent
Authors: Owczarz Piotr , Rył Anna , Dziubiński Marek , Sielski Jan
Published: May 2019

The presented work describes the method of preparation of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels using calcium β-glycerophosphate salt as the only pH neutralizing agent and supporting the crosslinking process. The presence of calcium ions instead of sodium ions is particularly important in the case of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Rheological and physicochemical properties of low concentrated chitosan solutions with the addition of calcium β-glycerophosphate were investigated using rotational rheometry techniques, Zeta potential (by electrophoresis), XPS, and SEM analysis together with an EDS detector. It was found to be possible to prepare colloidal solutions of chitosan containing only calcium β-glycerophosphate (without sodium ions) undergoing a sol-gel phase transition at the physiological temperature of the human body. It has also been shown that it is possible to further enrich the obtained cellular scaffolds with calcium ions. Using the addition of calcium carbonate, hydrogels with a physiological ratio of calcium to phosphorus (1.6–1.8):1 were obtained.
Speckle Noise Reduction Technique for SAR Images Using Statistical Characteristics of Speckle Noise and Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Choi Hyunho , Jeong Jechang
Published: May 2019

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images map Earth’s surface at high resolution, regardless of the weather conditions or sunshine phenomena. Therefore, SAR images have applications in various fields. Speckle noise, which has the characteristic of multiplicative noise, degrades the image quality of SAR images, which causes information loss. This study proposes a speckle noise reduction algorithm while using the speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD) filter, discrete wavelet transform (DWT), soft threshold, improved guided filter (IGF), and guided filter (GF), with the aim of removing speckle noise. First, the SRAD filter is applied to the SAR images, and a logarithmic transform is used to convert multiplicative noise in the resulting SRAD image into additive noise. A two-level DWT is used to divide the resulting SRAD image into one low-frequency and six high-frequency sub-band images. To remove the additive noise and preserve edge information, horizontal and vertical sub-band images employ the soft threshold; the diagonal sub-band images employ the IGF; while, the low- frequency sub-band image removes additive noise using the GF. The experiments used both standard and real SAR images. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method, in comparison to state-of-the art methods, obtains excellent speckle noise removal, while preserving the edges and maintaining low computational complexity.
Monitoring Soil Moisture Drought over Northern High Latitudes from Space
Authors: Blyverket Jostein , Hamer Paul D. , Schneider Philipp , Albergel Clément , Lahoz William A.
Published: May 2019

Mapping drought from space using, e.g., surface soil moisture (SSM), has become viable in the last decade. However, state of the art SSM retrieval products suffer from very poor coverage over northern latitudes. In this study, we propose an innovative drought indicator with a wider spatial and temporal coverage than that obtained from satellite SSM retrievals. We evaluate passive microwave brightness temperature observations from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite as a surrogate drought metric, and introduce a Standardized Brightness Temperature Index (STBI). We compute the STBI by fitting a Gaussian distribution using monthly brightness temperature data from SMOS; the normal assumption is tested using the Shapior-Wilk test. Our results indicate that the assumption of normally distributed brightness temperature data is valid at the 0.05 significance level. The STBI is validated against drought indices from a land surface data assimilation system (LDAS-Monde), two satellite derived SSM indices, one from SMOS and one from the ESA CCI soil moisture project and a standardized precipitation index based on in situ data from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) project. When comparing the temporal dynamics of the STBI to the LDAS-Monde drought index we find that it has equal correlation skill to that of the ESA CCI soil moisture product ( 0.71 ). However, in addition the STBI provides improved spatial coverage because no masking has been applied over regions with dense boreal forest. Finally, we evaluate the STBI in a case study of the 2018 Nordic drought. The STBI is found to provide improved spatial and temporal coverage when compared to the drought index created from satellite derived SSM over the Nordic region. Our results indicate that when compared to drought indices from precipitation data and a land data assimilation system, the STBI is qualitatively able to capture the 2018 drought onset, severity and spatial extent. We did see that the STBI was unable to detect the 2018 drought recovery for some areas in the Nordic countries. This false drought detection is likely linked to the recovery of vegetation after the drought, which causes an increase in the passive microwave brightness temperature, hence the STBI shows a dry anomaly instead of normal conditions, as seen for the other drought indices. We argue that the STBI could provide additional information for drought monitoring in regions where the SSM retrieval problem is not well defined. However, it then needs to be accompanied by a vegetation index to account for the recovery of the vegetation which could cause false drought detection.
In-Fiber Closed Cavity Interferometric High-Resolution Aqueous Solution and Alcohol Gas Refractometer
Authors: Li Lijun , Xu Tianzong , Liu Yinming , Zhang Zhaochuan , Ma Qian , Shi Zhihui , Jia Weikang , Sun Jianhong , Yu Fei , Mba Ndong Mangue Paulino
Published: May 2019

An optical fiber interferometric refractometer for alcohol gas concentration and low refractive index (RI) solution (with 1.33–1.38 RI range) measurement is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. The refractometer is based on a single-mode thin-core single-mode (STS) interferometric structure. By embedding a suitably sized air cavity at the splicing point, high-order cladding modes are successfully excited, which makes the sensor more suitable for low RI solution measurement. The effect of the air cavity’s diameter on the sensitivity of alcohol gas concentration was analyzed experimentally, which proved that RI sensitivity will increase with an enlarged diameter of the air cavity. On this basis, the air cavity is filled with graphene in order to improve the sensitivity of the sensor; and the measured sensitivity of the alcohol gas concentration is −1206.1 pm/%. Finally, the characteristics of the single-cavity structure, graphene-filled structure and double-cavity structure sensors are demonstrated, and the linear RI sensitivities are −54.593 nm/RIU (refractive index unit), −85.561 nm/RIU and 359.77 nm/RIU, respectively. Moreover, these sensor structures have the advantages of being compact and easily prepared.
Gas Production from Gas Condensate Reservoirs Using Sustainable Environmentally Friendly Chemicals
Authors: Hassan Amjed M. , Mahmoud Mohamed A. , Al-Majed Abdulaziz A. , Al-Shehri Dhafer , Al-Nakhli Ayman R. , Bataweel Mohammed A.
Published: May 2019

Unconventional reservoirs have shown tremendous potential for energy supply for long-term applications. However, great challenges are associated with hydrocarbon production from these reservoirs. Recently, injection of thermochemical fluids has been introduced as a new environmentally friendly and cost-effective chemical for improving hydrocarbon production. This research aims to improve gas production from gas condensate reservoirs using environmentally friendly chemicals. Further, the impact of thermochemical treatment on changing the pore size distribution is studied. Several experiments were conducted, including chemical injection, routine core analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The impact of thermochemical treatment in sustaining gas production from a tight gas reservoir was quantified. This study demonstrates that thermochemical treatment can create different types of fractures (single or multistaged fractures) based on the injection method. Thermochemical treatment can increase absolute permeability up to 500%, reduce capillary pressure by 57%, remove the accumulated liquids, and improve gas relative permeability by a factor of 1.2. The findings of this study can help to design a better thermochemical treatment for improving gas recovery. This study showed that thermochemical treatment is an effective method for sustaining gas production from tight gas reservoirs.
Research Challenges in Digital Marketing: Sustainability
Authors: Diez-Martin Francisco , Blanco-Gonzalez Alicia , Prado-Roman Camilo
Published: May 2019

Great progress has been made in the field of marketing and sustainability. Nevertheless, there is still an important gap between the behavior and beliefs of society and markets about sustainability, and companies’ capability to understand and face this trend. Digital marketing is key to filling this gap. However, research in digital marketing and sustainability is very scarce. The purpose of this research is to examine the literature in the subject, since 2009 until 2018, and to elaborate a research agenda about digital marketing and sustainability. Through a previous analysis based on bibliometrics, a research agenda has been developed that shows the main challenges for the digital marketing and sustainability field: (1) customer orientation and value proposition; (2) digital consumer’s behavior; (3) digital green marketing; (4) competitive advantage; (5) supply chain; and (6) capabilities. This work contributes to the development of the research in digital marketing and sustainability, suggesting various challenges for the field that lead to future lines of research, and favoring the development of a new research approach capable of reducing the existing gap between society and business on sustainability issues.
Evaluation of Co-Existence Options of Marine Renewable Energy Projects in Japan
Authors: Kularathna A.H.T. Shyam , Suda Sayaka , Takagi Ken , Tabeta Shigeru
Published: May 2019

Consensus building among local stakeholders is vital for the success of the proposed initial commercial marine renewable energy (MRE) projects in Japan. Even though the literature on stakeholder acceptance highlights the importance of creating local benefits and co-creation options, very few studies and almost no empirical data have been published on the application of non-monetary benefit creation schemes in the context of MRE. Hence, the purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the possible co-existence options available for Japan’s MRE projects through data collected from interviews and questionnaire surveys in two development sites in Nagasaki and Kitakyushu in Southern Japan. To overcome the limitations of data unavailability and uncertainty, the Dempster Shafer Analytic Hierarchy Process (DS-AHP) was used for evaluating the best co-existence strategy out of five potential options. The results indicate that local fisheries prefer the oceanographic information sharing option whereas most of the other stakeholders prefer using local resources to construct and operate the power plant, creating business involvement opportunities for the local community. Analysis of stakeholders’ decision behaviors suggests that perceived impacts, knowledge, and values influence the preference decision. In addition to the validation of stakeholder preference of the previously proposed co-existence options with empirical data, this study provides a robust method to further evaluate the potential options with the availability of new data.
Application of Wavelet-Based Maximum Likelihood Estimator in Measuring Market Risk for Fossil Fuel
Authors: Vo Long Hai , Vo Duc Hong
Published: May 2019

Energy commodity prices are inherently volatile, since they are determined by the volatile global demand and supply of fossil fuel extractions, which in the long-run will affect the observed climate patterns. Measuring the risk associated with energy price changes, therefore, ultimately provides us with an important tool to study the economic drivers of climate changes. This study examines the potential use of long-memory estimation methods in capturing such risk. In particular, we are interested in investigating the energy markets’ efficiency at the aggregated level, using a novel wavelet-based maximum likelihood estimator (waveMLE). We first compare the performance of various conventional estimators with this new method. Our simulated results show that waveMLE in general outperforms these previously well-established estimators. Additionally, we document that while energy returns realizations follow a white-noise and are generally independent, volatility processes exhibits a certain degree of long-range dependence.
Sustainable Short Sea Shipping
Authors: Christodoulou Anastasia , Woxenius Johan
Published: May 2019

Sustainability in maritime transport has been an issue of major concern during the last decades [...]
Construction of Knowledge Graphs for Maritime Dangerous Goods
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wen Yuanqiao , Zhou Chunhui , Long Hai , Han Dong , Zhang Fan , Xiao Changshi
Published: May 2019

Dangerous goods occupy an important proportion in international shipping, and government and enterprises pay a lot of attention to transport safety. There are a wide variety of dangerous goods, and the knowledge involved is extensive and complex. Organizing and managing this knowledge plays an important role in the safe transportation of dangerous goods. The knowledge graph is a mass of brand-new knowledge management technologies that provide powerful technical support for integrating domain knowledge and solving the problem of the “knowledge island.” This paper first introduces the knowledge of maritime dangerous goods (MDG); constructs a three-layer knowledge structure of MDG, dividing this knowledge into two categories; uses ontology to express the concepts, entities, and relations of MDG; and puts forward the representation methods of the conceptual layer and entity layer and designs them in detail. Finally, the knowledge graph of maritime dangerous goods (KGMDG) is constructed. Furthermore, we demonstrate the knowledge visualization, retrieval, and automatic judgment of segregation requirement based on KGMDG. It is proved that KGMDG does not only help to simplify the retrieval process of professional knowledge and to promote intelligent transportation but is also conducive to the sharing, dissemination, and utilization of MDG knowledge.
Assessment of Various Dry Photovoltaic Cleaning Techniques and Frequencies on the Power Output of CdTe-Type Modules in Dusty Environments
Authors: Al-Housani Mohammed , Bicer Yusuf , Koç Muammer
Published: May 2019

This study presents the conditions and results of experimental investigations on various photovoltaic (PV) module cleaning methods and the effects on the performance of cadmium-telluride CdTe-type photovoltaic (PV) modules located in Doha, Qatar. The study aims to find the optimum cleaning technique and frequency based on cleaning performance and cost. PV modules are in a dusty and rocky area in the western part of Doha, Qatar within the north campus of Education City. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is employed for five different PV modules. The results show that microfiber-based wiper along with microfiber & vacuum cleaner are the most effective cleaning methods with about 6% improvement for the weekly period compared to the control panel among the considered methods. However, due to the increased cost of adding a vacuum cleaner, the microfiber-based wiper is the most efficient method when both cost and improvement rates are considered. In addition, the most efficient cleaning frequency (among daily, weekly and monthly) is found to be the weekly cleaning under the tested climate conditions.
Application of a Smart City Model to a Traditional University Campus with a Big Data Architecture: A Sustainable Smart Campus
Authors: Villegas-Ch William , Palacios-Pacheco Xavier , Luján-Mora Sergio
Published: May 2019

Currently, the integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data seeks to cover the needs of an increasingly demanding society that consumes more resources. The massification of these technologies fosters the transformation of cities into smart cities. Smart cities improve the comfort of people in areas such as security, mobility, energy consumption and so forth. However, this transformation requires a high investment in both socioeconomic and technical resources. To make the most of the resources, it is important to make prototypes capable of simulating urban environments and for the results to set the standard for implementation in real environments. The search for an environment that represents the socioeconomic organization of a city led us to consider universities as a perfect environment for small-scale testing. The proposal integrates these technologies in a traditional university campus, mainly through the acquisition of data through the Internet of Things, the centralization of data in proprietary infrastructure and the use of big data for the management and analysis of data. The mechanisms of distributed and multilevel analysis proposed here could be a powerful starting point to find a reliable and efficient solution for the implementation of an intelligent environment based on sustainability.
Food Heritagization and Sustainable Rural Tourism Destination: The Case of China’s Yuanjia Village
Authors: Guan Jing , Gao Jun , Zhang Chaozhi
Published: May 2019

A “cultural turn” from those early management focused studies to more wholesome and exploratory socio-cultural analysis of food with sociological approaches has emerged in more recent food tourism studies. In the Chinese tourism context, however, extant studies are mainly conducted with marketing approaches linked to management to analyze the role of (heritage) foods in tourist perception and experience, and destination marketing. This study thus seeks to understand the mechanism of food heritagization and its effect in Yuanjia Village, a renowned rural tourism destination featuring traditional delicacies in China’s Shaanxi Province. Data were collected via interviews and participant observations. The findings show that, led by local elites and monitored by a bottom-up regulatory system, locals use raw materials associated with being “local”, “traditional”, and “organic”, make food with traditional crafts, and present food in a nostalgic atmosphere for consumption. Traditional foods are reinvented/reproduced as edible exemplars of the culture and heritage of the Guanzhong area (central Shaanxi Plain), and as carriers of nostalgia for a rural past that satisfies the imaginations and needs of surrounding urbanite visitors. This, in turn, contributes to the sustainability of the village as a rural tourism destination, featuring industry convergence that fosters economic sustainability, as well as governance embedded in rurality to deal with tourism benefit distribution (i.e., cooperatives) and social problems (i.e., peasant school) that promotes social sustainability. This research contributes to the understanding of food heritagization from a bottom-up perspective as well as rural destination sustainability from a gastronomical perspective in China.
Effects of Artificial Light Treatments on Growth, Mineral Composition, Physiology, and Pigment Concentration in Dieffenbachia maculata “Compacta” Plants
Authors: García-Caparrós Pedro , Almansa Eva , Chica Rosa , Lao María
Published: May 2019

Specific wavebands may allow precise control of plant growth. However, light sources must be carefully evaluated before the large-scale use of supplemental light sources can be implemented. Dieffenbachia maculata “Compacta” plants were grown for 8 weeks in pots in a growth chamber under tightly controlled temperature and humidity in order to assess the effects of supplemental light. Three treatments were applied: (i) using 18-W fluorescent bulbs (T1), (ii) using the same bulbs with supplemental light emitting diodes (LEDs) (Pure Blue and Pure Red Mix-Light-Emitting Diodes (BR-LEDs)) (T2), and (iii) using high-efficiency TL5 fluorescents (T3). Plant biomass, mineral composition, and physiological and photosynthetic parameters were assessed under each light treatment. Total plant dry weight was highest in plants grown under treatments T1 and T3. Other differences were observed between different light treatments, including variation in biomass partitioning as well as N and K concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves. Further, proline and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were higher in plants grown under the T1 treatment, whereas total soluble sugars and starch were higher in plants grown under treatment T3. Plants grown under treatment T1 had the lowest chlorophyll concentrations. No differences were observed in organ water content and P concentration. T2 was not the best treatment, as expected. The model proposed a linear regression between integrated use of spectral energy (IUSE) and total dry weight (TDW), which showed a good relationship with an R2 value of 0.83. Therefore, we recommend this methodology to discern the effects of the different spectral qualities on plant biomass.
Non-Coercive Radially Symmetric Variational Problems: Existence, Symmetry and Convexity of Minimizers
Authors: Crasta Graziano , Malusa Annalisa
Published: May 2019

We prove the existence of radially symmetric solutions and the validity of Euler–Lagrange necessary conditions for a class of variational problems with slow growth. The results are obtained through the construction of suitable superlinear perturbations of the functional having the same minimizers of the original one.
Characterization of Symmetry of Complex Networks
Authors: Chen Yangyang , Zhao Yi , Han Xinyu
Published: May 2019

Recently, symmetry in complex network structures has attracted some research interest. One of the fascinating problems is to give measures of the extent to which the network is symmetric. In this paper, based on the natural action of the automorphism group Aut ( Γ ) of Γ on the vertex set V of a given network Γ = Γ ( V , E ) , we propose three indexes for the characterization of the global symmetry of complex networks. Using these indexes, one can get a quantitative characterization of how symmetric a network is and can compare the symmetry property of different networks. Moreover, we compare these indexes to some existing ones in the literature and apply these indexes to real-world networks, concluding that real-world networks are far from vertex symmetric ones.
Characteristics of the Life Cycle of Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) In Vitro: Replication Kinetics, Cellular Ultrastructure and Virion Morphology, and Evidence of Inducing Autophagy
Authors: Qin Pan , Du En-Zhong , Luo Wen-Ting , Yang Yong-Le , Zhang Yu-Qi , Wang Bin , Huang Yao-Wei
Published: May 2019

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) causes severe diarrhea and vomiting in affected piglets. The aim of this study was to establish the basic, in vitro characteristics of the life cycle such as replication kinetics, cellular ultrastructure, virion morphology, and induction of autophagy of PDCoV. Time-course analysis of viral subgenomic and genomic RNA loads and infectious titers indicated that one replication cycle of PDCoV takes 5 to 6 h. Electron microscopy showed that PDCoV infection induced the membrane rearrangements with double-membrane vesicles and large virion-containing vacuoles. The convoluted membranes structures described in alpha- and beta-coronavirus were not observed. PDCoV infection also increased the number of autophagosome-like vesicles in the cytoplasm of cells, and the autophagy response was detected by LC3 I/II and p62 Western blot analysis. For the first time, this study presents the picture of the PDCoV infection cycle, which is crucial to help elucidate the molecular mechanism of deltacoronavirus replication.
A HER2-Displaying Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Protects from Challenge with Mammary Carcinoma Cells in a Mouse Model
Authors: Nika Lisa , Cuadrado-Castano Sara , Asthagiri Arunkumar Guha , Grünwald-Gruber Clemens , McMahon Meagan , Koczka Krisztina , García-Sastre Adolfo , Krammer Florian , Grabherr Reingard
Published: May 2019

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is upregulated in 20% to 30% of breast cancers and is a marker of a poor outcome. Due to the development of resistance to passive immunotherapy with Trastuzumab, active anti-HER2 vaccination strategies that could potentially trigger durable tumor-specific immune responses have become an attractive research area. Recently, we have shown that budded virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in Sf9 insect cells are an ideal platform for the expression of complex membrane proteins. To assess the efficacy of antigen-displaying VLPs as active cancer vaccines, BALB/c mice were immunized with insect cell glycosylated and mammalian-like glycosylated HER2-displaying VLPs in combination with two different adjuvants and were challenged with HER2-positive tumors. Higher HER2-specific antibody titers and effector functions were induced in mice vaccinated with insect cell glycosylated HER2 VLPs compared to mammalian-like glycosylated counterparts. Moreover, insect cell glycosylated HER2 VLPs elicited a protective effect in mice grafted with HER2-positive mammary carcinoma cells. Interestingly, no protection was observed in mice that were adjuvanted with Poly (I:C). Here, we show that antigen-displaying VLPs produced in Sf9 insect cells were able to induce robust and durable immune responses in vivo and have the potential to be utilized as active cancer vaccines.
Stability of Irrigation Canal Slopes Considering the Sea Level Rise and Dynamic Changes: Case Study El-Salam Canal, Egypt
Authors: Abd-Elaty Ismail , Eldeeb Hazem , Vranayova Zuzana , Zelenakova Martina
Published: May 2019

Stability of canals slopes are of paramount importance in engineering works due to its interaction with the infrastructure including roads networks and buildings. The failure of these slopes could cause human disaster, catastrophic environmental, and economic losses. The present study aims to investigate the stability of canals slopes considering the climate changes through sea level rise, fluctuation of groundwater level and the seismic actions. The study was simulated on the North Eastern part of Nile Delta aquifer, Egypt using the finite difference code of Visual MODFLOW. Moreover, the groundwater flow under the effect of sea level rise was investigated to study its effect on slope stability of El-Salam Canal, Egypt. Furthermore, the finite element program of Phase 2 was implemented, and safety factors were calculated using the shear strength reduction method (SSRM). The models are calibrated and verified through experimental work using permeability and seepage model. Moreover, the two models were applied on El-Salam Canal considering three scenarios to identify the safety factors including the effect of sea level rise (SLR), earthquake acceleration and a combination of the two scenarios. The results indicated that dynamic response values of the canal slope have different variation rules under near and far field earthquakes. Finally, the damage location and pattern of the slope failure are different in varying groundwater conditions.
Fluid Structure Interaction of Buoyant Bodies with Free Surface Flows: Computational Modelling and Experimental Validation
Authors: Facci Andrea Luigi , Falcucci Giacomo , Agresta Antonio , Biscarini Chiara , Jannelli Elio , Ubertini Stefano
Published: May 2019

In this paper we present a computational model for the fluid structure interaction of a buoyant rigid body immersed in a free surface flow. The presence of a free surface and its interaction with buoyant bodies make the problem very challenging. In fact, with light (compared to the fluid) or very flexible structures, fluid forces generate large displacements or accelerations of the solid and this enhances the artificial added mass effect. Such a problem is relevant in particular in naval and ocean engineering and for wave energy harvesting, where a correct prediction of the hydrodynamic loading exerted by the fluid on buoyant structures is crucial. To this aim, we develop and validate a tightly coupled algorithm that is able to deal with large structural displacement and impulsive acceleration typical, for instance, of water entry problems. The free surface flow is modeled through the volume of fluid model, the finite volume method is utilized is to discretize the flow and solid motion is described by the Newton-Euler equations. Fluid structure interaction is modeled through a Dirichlet-Newmann partitioned approach and tight coupling is achieved by utilizing a fixed-point iterative procedure. As most experimental data available in literature are limited to the first instants after the water impact, for larger hydrodynamic forces, we specifically designed a set of dedicated experiments on the water impact of a buoyant cylinder, to validate the proposed methodology in a more general framework. Finally, to demonstrate that the proposed numerical model could be used for a wide range of engineering problems related to FSI in multiphase flows, we tested the proposed numerical model for the simulation of a floating body.
IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY SAVING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS AND RESIDENTIAL HOUSES IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors: Kasymov Turatbek
Published: May 2019

This article reviews energy consumption in the Kyrgyz Republic economy, environmental indicators and strategies to further develop the national fuel and energy system to ensure energy efficiency and energy saving. An existing situation in energy efficiency of buildings in the country is described. Secondary legislation and by-laws approved by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic as well as several technical standards, norms, methods and guidelines approved by the order of the State Construction Agency of the Kyrgyz Republic are presented. Applying modern insulating materials are suggested as possible solutions to increase energy efficiency and energy saving. The advantages of EPS-beton in comparison with other thermal insulation materials are discussed and foreign experience of use of EPS-beton products in increasing energy efficiency of buildings is presented.
ПЕНІТЕНЦІАРНИЙ ДОСВІД ЯПОНІЇ – ІСТОРИКО-ПРАВОВИЙ ДИСКУРС
Authors: Кириченко В.
Published: May 2019

Досліджується процес перебудови пенітенціарної системи Японії, успадкованої від сьогунату. Трансформація відбувалася під знаком рецепції передових європейських систем, але завжди зі збереженням власної самобутності та за умов крайнього японського педантизму.
ВИТОКИ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ ТЮРЕМНОЇ РЕФОРМИ (XVI–XVIII СТОЛІТТЯ)
Authors: Сокальська О.
Published: May 2019

У статті досліджено тюремну систему Англії XVI–XVIII ст., проаналізовано пам’ятки пенітенціарної думки Англії XVI–XVIII ст., висвітлено погляди та ідеї правників, громадських і релігійних діячів на стан тюрем та шляхи реформування тюремної системи, що стали підґрунтям формування англійської пенітенціарної моделі наприкінці XVIII ст.
Elevage et agriculture dans le pays d’Auge : la tradition
Authors: Frémont Armand
Published: May 2019

L'élevage et l'agriculture occupent une place de premier plan dans l'économie du pays d'Auge. Le pays d'Auge doit ses anciennes fortunes au lait, à la viande, aux chevaux. Actuellement encore, dans beaucoup de cantons, plus de la moitié de la population active se trouve occupée dans l'agriculture. En considérant que, en dehors des petites villes et de la zone littorale, la majorité des actifs du secteur tertiaire assurent une fonction de service liée à la population agricole, on peut affirmer que l'agriculture et l'élevage viennent bien toujours en tête de l'activité économique du pays. Cependant, les fortunes d'antan semblent bien lointaines aux contemporains de 1972. Très anciennement spécialisé dans l'élevage, le pays d'Auge a subi une longue stagnation économique avant d'aborder les difficultés de la période contemporaine.
L'évolution récente des petites et moyennes villes de Haute-Normandie
Authors: Kamal Jean
Published: May 2019

La parution des résultats du recensement général de population de 1975 permet de faire le point sur les petites et moyennes villes de Haute-Normandie et de mesurer, sur deux décennies, leur évolution.

Celle-ci est d'abord examinée dans son cadre régional, avec référence constante aux deux grandes agglomérations de Rouen et du Havre. La dernière phase intercensitaire (1968-1975), à l'exemple des autres régions françaises, se caractérise par un fléchissement de la croissance démographique urbaine dû à l'affaiblissement des soldes migratoires. Cependant, les communes rurales proches des villes enregistrent des gains de population relativement importants. Une part de l'expansion urbaine semble donc se diffuser en auréole sur des zones encore classées comme rurales (la «rurbanisation» ).

Les tendances et rythmes généraux sont la résultante de comportements locaux très variés. Une typologie des évolutions démographiques de 1954 à 1975 a été établie. Sauf cas d'espèce et indépendamment de Rouen et du Havre, les villes à forte et moyenne croissance se localisent en Basse-Seine et à relative proximité de la Région parisienne. Les organismes en stagnation ou à progression lente occupent une position «périphérique» : littoral, marges occidentale, septentrionale de la région, séparés des grands foyers d'activité par des cantons ruraux en voie de dépeuplement.

Un tableau des structures urbaines en 1975 est ensuite dressé de façon à définir un certain nombre de catégories de villes. Le but est d'aboutir à une typologie combinant faits de structure et données d'évolution. Schématiquement, se distinguent :

— les villes à structure peu différenciée, en stagnation ;

— les petites villes de services des zones rurales qui se sont dans l'ensemble maintenues, bénéficiant d'une concentration d'équipements autrefois répartis entre bourgs et campagnes, mais dont l'avenir apparaît incertain ;

— les petites et moyennes villes industrielles, pour la plupart situées en Basse-Seine, parfois en difficulté, mais dans la majorité des cas, dynamiques ; cependant, la multiplication des emplois, par décentralisation de la Région parisienne, s'est souvent accompagnée d'une déqualification du travail.

— les villes moyennes tertiaires dont l'expansion résulte - parallèlement à des implantations industrielles - des effets multiplicateurs de leur rôle administratif et commercial. Toutefois, leur dynamisme a pour contrepartie leur intégration à un réseau global à niveau de décision national.

Croissance et concentration urbaines sont plus que jamais -sous des formes parfois nouvelles - facteurs essentiels de l'organisation de l'espace.
Y a-t-il trop de fonctionnaires en Haute-Normandie ? L'évolution de l'emploi dans le secteur public
Authors: Guermond Yves , Levaudel Philippe
Published: May 2019

L'emploi public est, paradoxalement, moins bien connu que l'emploi privé. L'imprécision des statistiques est due à la diversité des services (agents de l'Etat, agents des collectivités locales, agents des établissements publics) et à la diversité des statuts du personnel (postes vacants occupés par des contractuels, agents en congé de longue durée, etc...). Sur le plan régional, les études d'une évolution dans le temps sont particulièrement difficiles. On ne possède donc pas de données solides sur les qualifications et il faut se contenter de comparaisons portant sur le nombre total d'agents. On peut constater qu'il y a, en Haute-Normandie, moins de fonctionnaires qu'ailleurs, et que dans certains services (hôpitaux, personnel communal, SNCF) l'évolution est moins favorable sur le plan de l'embauche, que dans le reste de la France. Globalement le retard de la Haute-Normandie a été réduit de 1969 à 1975, mais cette évolution ne semble pas se prolonger après 1975.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, NET PROFIT MARGIN, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL DAN REPUTASI AUDITOR TERHADAP PRAKTIK PERATAAN LABA (INCOME SMOOTHING)
Authors: Yunengsih Yuyun , Icih Icih , Kurniawan Asep
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, net profit margin, debt to equity ratio, kepemilikan manajerial, dan reputasi auditor terhadap praktik perataan laba (Income Smoothing) (studi kasus pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2011-2014). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011 sampai 2014. Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh sampel yang sesuai kriteria sebanyak 30 perusahaan. pengujian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda yaitu meliputi uji statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji t, uji F dan koefisien determinasi (R 2 ) sedangkan untuk analisis data menggunakan program SPSS Versi 22. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa secara parsial net profit margin, dan reputasi auditor berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap praktik perataan laba. Sedangkan ukuran perusahaan, debt to equity ratio, dan kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap praktik perataan laba. Secara simultan ukuran perusahaan, net profit margin, debt to equity ratio, kepemilikan manajerial, dan reputasi auditor berpengaruh signifikan terhadap praktik perataan laba
PENGARUH MODAL INTELEKTUAL DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA BUMN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Budianto Budianto , Putra Zainal , Wahyuni Eka Suci
Published: May 2019

The main problem to be studied in this research is whether the variable of intellectual capital and profitability give positive influence in increasing company value in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The purpose of this research is to test empirically the influence of intellectual capital and profitability to company value. The population in this research are State-owned Enterprises (BUMN) listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year of observation 2014 until 2016. Total population are 60 observation (20 companies x 3 years). Data used in this research are balanced panel data. The analysis method that is applied in this research is multiple regression analysis. The results of this research show that simultaneously intellectual capital and profitability have an effect to firm value. Partially, intellectual capital has a positive but not significant effect to firm value, while profitability have a positive and significant effect to firm value.
ACCURACY OF SPRINGATE, ZMIJEWSKY AND GROVER AS LOGISTIC MODELS IN FINDING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY OF FINANCING COMPANIES
Authors: Munawarah Munawarah , Hayati Keumala
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine both the Springate model, Grover and Zmijewski able to predict the condition of financial distress in finance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. And of the three models can be known which model is the most accurate in predicting financial distress. The population in this study are companies in the financing sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2013 to 2017 as many as 17 companies. By using purposive sampling technique, a total sample of 85 financing companies was obtained. The data used are secondary data sourced from the company's annual financial reports. The analysis model used is logistic regression. Simultaneously, all predictive models for Springate, Zmijewski, and Grover affect the probability of financial distress. While partially only Zmijewski can influence the prediction of financial distress conditions in Financing sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Nagelkerqe Square value shows 0.606 meaning that only 60.6% variation of the accuracy of these three models in predicting financial distress conditions of finance companies. While the remaining 39.4% can be explained by other models not examined in this study
THE EFFECT OF CEO COMPENSATION, INDEPENDEN DIRECTOR AND AUDIT QUALITY ON TAX AGGRESSIVENESS
Authors: Kurnia Kurnia , Pratomo Dudi , Handoko Tommy
Published: May 2019

Tax is one of the largest sources of revenue from the State Budget (APBN). Every year it is expected that the achievement will be in accordance with the targets set by the government. On the other hand for Taxpayers, tax is a burden that must be reduced because it affects the profits earned. Tax avoidance by taxpayers was called tax aggressiveness, where taxpayers try to minimize the tax burden in order to increase profits.This study aims to determine the effect simultaneously and partially between tax aggressiveness as the dependent variable with executive compensation, independent director and audit quality as an independent variable with leverage control variables that were proxied by a debt to asset ratio (DAR).The research method used quantitative research with descriptive objectives verification and had a type of causality. The analytical unit used a mining company that was consistently listed on the IDX, consistently publishes financial statements and did not experience losses during the study period of 2011-2017. Based on these criteria 8 samples of the company were obtained with a study period of 7 years, resulting in 56 research samples. The method of data analysis used descriptive statistical analysis and panel data regression analysis which was assisted by Microsoft Excel 2016 and E-Views 10 Student Version software.From the results of descriptive statistical analysis and panel data regression it was concluded that executive compensation, independent directors and audit quality had an effect on simultaneously on tax aggressiveness. Partially, executive compensation and independent directors had no effect on tax aggressiveness, while audit quality had a significant negative effect on tax aggressiveness. This shows that taxpayers must pay attention to the independent variable of audit quality because it could affect tax aggressiveness
THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON INCOME SMOOTHING
Authors: Pratomo Dudi , Kurnia Kurnia , Dzil Ikram Adli
Published: May 2019

Income smoothing is an earnings management action by raising or lowering earnings to make it look more stable. This was done by company management for reasons not achieving the company's targets. In financial statements, a stable company profit illustrates that the company had good business continuity.Explained in the concept of corporate governance, institutional ownership, government ownership, and managerial ownership were believed to be able to minimize the occurrence of income smoothing. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect of institutional ownership, government ownership, and managerial ownership with profitability and leverage control variables on income smoothing both simultaneously and partially in BUMN companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012 - 2017.The technique used to select samples was purposive sampling technique. In the process, 10 research samples were obtained with a period of 6 years, so that 60 sample units were obtained. Then, to carry out the analysis, the analytical method used logistic regression analysis with the software used SPSS 23.0.After the analysis of this study, the results stated that simultaneous institutional ownership, government ownership, and managerial ownership with profitability control variables and leverage had a significant influence on income smoothing. Furthermore, partially the results of this study stated that government ownership had a significant effect on the negative direction of income smoothing. While the other two independent variables, namely institutional ownership and managerial ownership variables did not have a significant effect on income smoothing.
THE MODERATING EFFECT OF COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES ON INTELECTUAL CAPITAL AND COMPANY VALUE IN BANKING COMPANIES
Authors: Rumini Rumini , Sugiharto Bambang , Kurniawan Asep
Published: May 2019

This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of Intellectual Capital on Corporate Values with Competitive Strategies in increasing and decreasing the relationship between Intleectual Capital and Corporate Value. Intellectull Capital in this study was measured using VAIC developed by Pulic. The sample in this study were 17 banking companies listed on (Indonesia Stock Exchange) IDX as much as 8 years.By using a simple regression analysis the results of the equation are obtained: Y = 0.201483 + 0.22356vaic + e . While the results of the T test obtained a T value with a probability of 0.0150, which means less than 0.05. The F test obtained an F value with a probability of 0.000154 <0.05. These results prove that the Intellectual Capital variable has a positive effect on Company Value. While the multiple linear equations obtained by the equation: Y = 1.471970 + 0.214295vaic + 0.4581455vaicsb + e. Based on these results Intellectual Capital gives a coefficient of 0.214295 with a probability value of 0.0013 <0.05, while Intellectual Capital with a Competitive Strategy gives a coefficient of 0.458145 with a probability of 0.0007 <0.05 means that Intellectual Capital has a positive effect on Corporate Values and Competitive Strategies can influence (strengthen) the relationship between Intellectual Capital with Corporate Value
FINANCIAL STATEMENT QUALITY AND INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY
Authors: Umiyati Indah , Riyanto Riyanto
Published: May 2019

This study aims to analyze the relationship between financial statements quality with reduced over-investment and under-investment. The study was conducted on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008-2015 totaling 1,525 years. The analysis was done using an estimation of multinomial logistic regression. The results of the data analysis show that financial statements quality does not have an influence on the reduced opportunities for over-investment or under investment
Electrophilic oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis using dM-Dmoc for amino protection
Authors: Shahsavari Shahien , Eriyagama Dhananjani N A M , Halami Bhaskar , Begoyan Vagarshak , Tanasova Marina , Chen Jinsen , Fang Shiyue
Published: May 2019

Solid-phase synthesis of electrophilic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) was achieved using dimethyl-Dmoc (dM-Dmoc) as amino protecting group. Due to the high steric hindrance of the 2-(propan-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiane side product from deprotection, the use of excess nucleophilic scavengers such as aniline to prevent Michael addition of the side product to the deprotected ODN during ODN cleavage and deprotection was no longer needed. The improved technology was demonstrated by the synthesis and characterization of five ODNs including three modified ones. The modified ODNs contained the electrophilic groups ethyl ester, α-chloroamide, and thioester. Using the technology, the sensitive groups can be installed at any location within the ODN sequences without using any sequence- or functionality-specific conditions and procedures.
Tautomerism as primary signalling mechanism in metal sensing: the case of amide group
Authors: Deneva Vera V , Dobrikov Georgi , Crochet Aurelien , Nedeltcheva Daniela , Fromm Katharina M , Antonov Liudmil
Published: May 2019

The concept for sensing systems using the tautomerism as elementary signaling process has been further developed by synthesizing a ligand containing 4-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalene-1-ol as a tautomeric block and an amide group as metal capturing antenna. Although it has been expected, that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding (between the tautomeric hydroxyl group and the nitrogen atom from the amide group), could stabilize the pure enol form in some solvents, the keto tautomer is also observed. This is a result from formation of intramolecular associates in some solvents. Strong bathochromic and hyperchromic effects on the visible spectra accompany the complex 1:1 formation with some alkaline earth metal ions.