bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of dynamic properties of railway bridges through forced excitation
Authors: Lachinger Stefan , Vorwagner Alois , Reiterer Michael , Fink Josef , Bruschetini-Ambro Sebastian-Zoran
Published: February 2021

The determination of dynamic properties of railway bridges is important for the assessment of structures, for example, to show their suitability for changing operating conditions (e.g. new train types, higher train speeds). Besides the determination of natural frequencies and mode shapes the identification of damping and its non-linear behaviour can be a particularly challenging task when dealing with stiff structures (e.g. frame bridges with short spans) using conventional methods like ambient vibration monitoring or impact testing. Also the results of measurements conducted by different companies may differ due to different methods used during data evaluation.

The project “KOMET” (funded by the Austrian Federal Railways – Division ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG) carried out by the engineering company REVOTEC, the research institute AIT and the Technical University Vienna aims to show the potential and the benefits of assessing dynamic parameters and their non-linear behaviour using forced excitation. Another focus of the project is to improve the comparability of measurements carried out by different contractors by updating a current guideline.

The paper will present results of three bridges from a first monitoring campaign conducted on newly erected short to medium span railway bridges. By comparing results from different methods of excitation (ambient, sandbag, impulse hammer and different exciters) the advantages and applicability of the individual methods will be shown. If possible also the non-linear behaviour of dynamic parameters (especially for damping values) are determined from the results.
Optimization of Sealing Plates for Hanger Connections at Tied Arch Bridges
Authors: Pfaffinger Marjolaine , Mensinger Martin
Published: February 2021

Railway bridges are a central component of the rail network in Germany and all over the world. These bridges, particularly in the case of large spans, are often designed as tied arch bridges with flat steel hangers. There are several variations for the connection between these hangers and the main support elements (bows or stiffening girders), whereas the most common connection type is an intersection between the hanger extension and a partition plate located inside the main support element. In this case, the hanger has to transverse one of the flanges of the main support element which leads to a hole in the flange. Usually, a sealing plate of 6 to 12 mm thickness is used to close this hole in order to protect the main support element from humidity. The sealing plate is welded circumferentially to the hanger at its inner side and to the flange at the external edges.

In the past, several damages were noticed at the outside welds of such sealing plates. Therefore, the question arises, how to optimize the sealing plates in order to increase their robustness and lifetime. For this purpose, finite element simulations are carried out for this detail and different shapes of sealing plates are compared. Amongst other results, it is shown that roundings of the corners do not always lead to a reduction in the relevant structural stresses.

In order to validate the simulations, fatigue tests on scaled models are also carried out. The surface stresses are measured with strain gauges.

In this paper, the results of the simulations are compared with the results from the fatigue tests and recommendations for the shape and manufacturing of the sealing plates are given.
Optimization of the curved pylon
Authors: Mikkonen Atte
Published: February 2021

Thu Thiem 2 Bridge is a new crossing to be built over the Saigon River in the city center of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. It will be a landmark for a new urban Thu Thiem area and for the whole city. The cable-stayed bridge has a single, well recognizable, backwards curved pylon and asymmetric span arrangement with lengths of 200 and 115 meters (Figure 1).

In the engineering design phase, the structure shall be optimised, including minimization of quantities, whilst ensuring constructability and safety of the works. Normally, the minimization of quantities brings about financial savings, however in a challenging construction the ease of erection may also be the key for economical success.

This paper discusses the design of the complex structural concept of the Thu Thiem 2 Bridge, with particular attention to the design of the pylon. Optimization, in big and complex bridge projects, is a chain of choices based on designers' experiences as well as understanding of the local environment and construction culture. This is not often a measureable task.
Numerical analysis of vertical pipe damper
Authors: Javanmardi Ahad , Ibrahim Zainah , Ghaedi Khaled , Khatibi Hamed
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes a new metallic energy dissipative device to mitigate structural damages under seismic excitations. In general, metallic dampers dissipate seismic energy through yielding. The inelastic cyclic deformation of the proposed damper, dissipates the seismic energy through yielding of the steel material. Herein, a three-dimensional finite element model of the damper is developed considering material nonlinearity, large displacement and contact. To aid the aim, the damper performance is studied through cyclic quasi-static tests. The parametric study is performed to find which parameters have higher influence on its performance. The results show that, the damper is exhibited excellent strength and ductility, stable hysteresis force-displacement behaviour with notable energy-absorbing capability to dissipate the seismic energy. Furthermore, it is found to have light weight, economical with ease of fabrication and implementation which used as a potential alternative for passive control of structures.
Design and Commissioning of a New Liquid Damper System for Wind- Induced Vibrations of Buildings
Authors: Ghisbain Pierre , Mendes Sebastian , Pinto Marguerite , Malsch Elisabeth , Scarangello Thomas
Published: February 2021

An innovative damper to reduce wind-induced vibrations in tall buildings was developed by Thornton Tomasetti in collaboration with the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA). The system is a collection of small liquid column dampers equipped with air springs and presents a number of performance, cost and practical advantages over traditional tuned mass dampers. A first implementation of the system was installed in 2016 on a residential building in Brooklyn, NY. This paper relates the design process of this prototype, which evolved during construction of the building as its dynamic properties became known with more certainty. The active and passive tests performed to tune and commission the damper are then described. The paper finally reports on the performance of the system measured after installation.
Basic design for a Submerged Floating Tube Bridge across the Digernessundet
Authors: Eidem Mathias , Minoretti Arianna , Xiang Xu , Fjeld Anette
Published: February 2021

This paper describes the basic structural design for a Submerged Floating Tube Bridge (from now on SFTB) across the Digernessund in Norway. The SFTB is proposed as part of a scheme for a new and improved fixed link along the E39 route, across the Bømlafjord in Norway. The existing fixed link consists of a 7.8 km long subsea rock tunnel below the main part of the Bømlafjord, and a 677 m long suspension bridge spanning across the Digernessund, which was too deep for a subsea rock tunnel. The two parts of the link meet at a small island named Føyno. The existing tunnel does not comply with new EU regulations for tunnels due to the high gradient, but an improved tunnel with a SFTB through the Digernessund will solve the problem.

The paper will discuss different structural solutions for the SFTB. A possible construction method will also be evaluated.
Sustainable Serviceability of Structural Concrete
Authors: Ghali Amin , Gayed Ramez B.
Published: February 2021

Long-term deflection of concrete grids is predicted by iterative application of elastic analysis. The grid consists of short elements of prestressed concrete beams. The procedure applies to floors and bridge decks, including irregular solid slabs with beams or drop panels. The grid is assumed horizontal and is subjected to gravity loads and prestressing forces. The displacements are considered at five degrees-of- freedom: two translations and two rotations about horizontal cartesian axes and a downward deflection. The effects of cracking, creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of prestressed reinforcement are analyzed by equilibrium and compatibility equations, avoiding the use of empirical multipliers. The analysis considers the effect on serviceability of cracking induced by construction loads at early age of concrete.
Aggregate effect in fastening applications
Authors: Ninčević Krešimir , Czernuschka Lisa-Marie , Marcon Marco , Boumakis Ioannis , Wendner Roman
Published: February 2021

In the last decade, the construction industry saw a shift towards rehabilitation and modular construction in order to address the growing demand for faster construction on one side, and change in usage and sustainability on the other side. Consequently, post installed fastening systems have become an important part of civil engineering structures and see increasingly wider application. In the present paper, the experimental investigation of a potential aggregate effect on the concrete cone capacity is presented. Three concrete batches were cast aiming at the same mix design while varying the petrography of the aggregates. Pull-out tests for mechanical anchors were performed at two different ages. Each concrete was fully characterized in terms of compressive, tensile strength, and fracture properties. Based on the obtained data the current design codes for concrete cone capacity in tension are evaluated regarding their ability to predict the anchor capacity from concrete compressive strength only in spite of the differences in used coarse aggregate.
An innovative metro viaduct using UHPC
Authors: Montens Serge , Olive Jérôme , Gautier Pierre-Etienne , Bernardi Sébastien
Published: February 2021

Systra had developed since 1996 a concept of U-shape viaduct, used for more than 300 km of metro viaducts throughout the world. In order to continuously improve the transportation infrastructures, SYSTRA has developed recently, with inputs from Lafarge Holcim, a new structural and architectural concept for metro viaducts, using UHPC.

The deck and the piers are made of a combination of UHPC and ordinary concrete. The lateral beams have openings in order to: clear the view from the metro passengers across the lateral beams, improve the architectural aspect and allow various esthetical expressions, and optimize the UHPC use. Thanks to this new design, the span between piers is about 45m to 50m (instead of formerly 35m for SYSTRA classical U-shape viaducts). Globally the carbon print of the UHPC viaduct is less important than the classical viaducts, due to a better durability of UHPC.
Opportunities in the Performance Based Seismic Design of Bridges in British Columbia
Authors: Kennedy Don , Dowling Jason , Du Helen
Published: February 2021

Performance-based seismic design was introduced formally in 2014 to the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC). The most important motivation was to encourage and require bridge owners and engineers to consider and discuss the post-seismic performance expectations for new and existing bridges, and to provide a design framework in which performance could be measured and evaluated. The need to facilitate this discussion was underscored by recent damaging earthquakes, including the February 2011 Christchurch event, in which a disconnect in expectations for seismic performance of structures among owners, society at large and engineers was underscored.

In the PBD of bridges, post-seismic performance is described in terms of bridge function, damage, acceptable repair times and timing of the return to service to traffic. This differs from previous force-based design approaches, including simply designing for accepted levels of ductility. In PBD the structural engineering profession must wrestle with the methods and changes in approach inherent in the application of displacement-based structural analysis and assessment as well as damage and repair cost estimating. Once this hurdle is cleared, it is hoped that more designers then will then turn their attention to the range of opportunities available in the conceptual and detailed design of structural systems that PBD facilitates.

This paper outlines some of the design challenges and opportunities afforded by performance-based seismic design. It illustrates a low-damage bridge designs using a hybrid lateral load-resisting system in which performance would not be demonstrated adequately, if at all, using force-based design and its inherently limited design philosophy. It describes the performance assessments of a hybrid base isolation and sub-structure ductility on sites that include highly variable compressible soils. Seismic isolation limits damage from moderate to large earthquakes, but would not preclude some limited plastic hinging of a ductile extended-concrete-filled steel pipe pile substructure for the largest event. Part of the motivation was to provide a rational, low-maintenance bridge articulation scheme, which saves both first and ongoing life-cycle costs throughout the life of the bridge regardless of whether either ever experiences a large earthquake. The analyses, design process and performance measures for the multiple levels of seismic hazard are described. In addition, some design considerations and related issues including deterministic vs probabilistic approaches, design innovation and peer review, bridge articulation, consideration of aftershocks in damage, and return to service, and societal and contractual incentives are also provided.
Teaching Research Methodology: Student-centered Approach Computing Education Undergraduate Course
Authors: Motjolopane Ignitia
Published: February 2021

Teaching research methodology is one of the core components of various degree programs. Scholarship around teaching research methodology is beginning to grow with most work concentrated in Social Work, Health, Social Science, and limited work in the area computing education. This paper presents a reflection on adopting a student centred approach towards teaching research methodology course to three different groups of fourth level university students. In this paper the strategies for facilitating deep learning in teaching research methods and research methods in the Information Systems domain will be discussed. In addition, reflections on the use of a student centred approach, student experiences and strategies used. The experiences and strategies relate to facilitating deep learning. The experiences are focused on topic identification, conducting, and writing up the literature reviews, developing an understanding of the research methodology inclusive of data analysis and presenting the research report. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01255 Full Text: PDF
Resilience of Meat Supply Chains during and after COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Grinberga-Zalite Gunta , Pilvere Irina , Muska Aina , Kruzmetra Zenija
Published: February 2021

To protect their population during pandemic outbreak, countries apply several preventive restrictions and even shut down their economies to slow the spread of the coronavirus. Since food supply chains in developed countries are complicated and dependent on their external suppliers, these restrictions cause not only economic but also social tension. The limited access to raw materials, packaging material and labour force result in the increasing prices of food products, which forces the population to refuse from quality food products. In the European Union food supply chains, which are negatively affected by protectionist elements and COVID-19 restrictions, the room for manoeuvre of Latvia’s small open economy is limited. The current paper analyses the impact of COVID-19 crisis on global food industry, providing a deeper insight into the case study of Latvia meat supply chains’ experience in overcoming pandemic risks. The research outcomes lead to the conclusion that although COVID-19 impact during first breakout has not caused unexpected and serious consequences for the meat sector companies, the main internal and external risks are associated with further uncertainty and instability in the EU markets. Based on extensive analysis of meat sector specifics, the authors have summarized the recommendations for meat sector companies to better prepare for further potential pandemic situations. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01257 Full Text: PDF
Improved Identity Based Encryption System (IIBES): A Mechanism for Eliminating the Key-Escrow Problem
Authors: Patel Maitri , Patel Rajan
Published: February 2021

A revolutionary change to public-key cryptography can be considered as an Identity Based Cryptography (IBC) in which identity of the receiver is being used as a public key for encrypting a message and Key Generation Centre (KGC). IBC will generate and distribute the private key to each user to decrypt a message. The thought behind presenting the scheme was to improve and reduce the complexity of certificate and key management, but it also gives rise to key escrow problem, access to encrypted information to unauthorized users. The paper represents Improved Identity-Based Encryption Scheme (IIBES) for Domain Name System (DNS) security which provides confidentiality and authentication through modified identity based encryption and identity based digital signatures. The IIBES comprises key revocation mechanism for non-revoked users and also eliminates key escrow problem. Thus, the IIBES aids to implement the identity-based cryptography more safely in reality and protects DNS against cache poisoning, spoofing attack and masquerade attack. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01259 Full Text: PDF
Efeitos fisiológicos decorrentes do jejum intermitente
Authors: Bicalho Elton , Alves Leonardo , Gomes Diego
Published: February 2021

O jejum intermitente é caracterizado por período de privação alimentar seguido de alimentação ad libitum, e atualmente vem sendo utilizado como estratégia alimentar. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos fisiológicos decorrentes do jejum intermitente descritos na literatura. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa com estudos selecionados utilizando os descritores “jejum”, “restrição calórica”, “fasting”, “caloric restriction”, bem como artigos e livros acadêmicos relacionados a bioquímica, fisiologia e história do Ramadã. De acordo com a literatura, o jejum intermitente promove importantes alterações nos níveis de concentração de VLDL, LDL, HDL, colesterol total e triglicerídeos. Alterações nos indicadores hematológicos, glicemia, insulina e resistência à insulina também são reportados por alguns estudos. Os resultados podem variar de acordo com o consumo alimentar, duração do jejum, estado de hidratação, a prática de atividade física, sexo, mudanças sazonais, saúde fisiológica e patológica do adepto a essa prática alimentar.
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
Authors: Jain Basanti
Published: February 2021

The abnormal increase in the concentration of the greenhouse gases is resulting in higher temperatures. We call this effect is global warming. The average temperature around the world has increased about 1'c over 140 years, 75% of this has risen just over the past 30 years.

The solar radiation, as it reaches the earth, produces "greenhouse effect" in the atmosphere. The thick atmospheric layers over the earth behaves as a glass surface, as it permits short wave radiations from coming in, but checks the outgoing long wave ones. As a result, gradually the atmosphere gets heated up during the day as well as night. If such an effect were not there in the atmosphere the ultraviolet, infrared and other ionizing radiations would have also entered our atmosphere and the very existence of life would have been endangered. The ozone layer shields the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiations. The warm earth emits long wave (infrared)   radiations, which is partly absorbed by the green house gaseous blanket. This atmospheric blanket raises the earth’s temperature.
CHANGING BUSINESS TRENDS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
Authors: Sharma Jaya
Published: February 2021

Businesses have been adopting every possible way to minimize their manufacturing cost in order to maximize their profit. Previously it was not a matter of concern for businesses to opt for some specified way of manufacturing, producing, marking and or packing so that the harmful impact on environment can be stopped. With the passing of time we are witnessing a world full of environmental problems like pollution, impure drinking water, poisonous crops and edibles. A huge amount of wastes is available everywhere to harm our earth in many ways may it be air, water of land. Thus there seems an urgent need to take some steps that may help to lessen such hazardous impacts on our environment. As business are an important part of our world it becomes a moral responsibility of all manufactures, industrialists and marketers to adopt the changing trends in their business which can help preventing our environment. The present paper tries to discuss some issues that are linked with finding out some new trends in business marketing and also suggests some views regarding better managements of waste material.
DIETARY MANAGEMENTOF POLLUTION GENERATED EPIDEMICS AS A RESULT OFNATURAL DISASTERS
Authors: Joshi Monica
Published: February 2021

Natural disasters at times are themselves the result of uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources. Deforestation results in soil erosion, in the initial stage and if uncontrolled, in the ultimate analysis, is found to be the basic reason for landslides and such other catastrophic disasters. It can thus be seen that the excessive exploitation of natural resources, without any program for restoration and replenishment of the damage done leads to an ecological imbalance that the generations to come have to live with.   Besides there being an irreparable damage to the flora and fauna, the natural resources shall become a matter to be read about in journals and historical articles.
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN INDIA AND HEALTH HAZARDS
Authors: Sharma Rekha
Published: February 2021

The ambient air quality in Indian cities has degraded to hazardous levels over the last two decades. People are exposed to extreme health risks due to increasing particulate matter, hazardous airborne agents in indoor spaces Outdoor air quality is affecting indoor air quality too.(1) Indoor air pollution is the degradation of indoor air quality by harmful chemicals and other materials; it can be up to 10 times worse than outdoor air pollution.  Over a million people in India die every year because of indoor air pollution, among highest in the world,(2).

Indoor air pollution can be traced to prehistoric times when humans first moved to temperate climates and it became necessary to construct shelters and use fire inside them for cooking, warmth and light. (3) Approximately half the world’s population and up to 90% of rural households in developing countries still rely on unprocessed biomass fuels in the form of wood, dung and crop residues (4). Even today, about 43 percent of rural households and 31 percent of all Indian households use kerosene, for lighting purposes. Its impact on health and environment can be threatening.
HOW TO REDUCE IMPACT OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Lakhani Leena
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Aquatic animals and aquatic resources are valuable natural assets. Aquatic animals give higher productivity and protein yield as compared to agriculture or animal husbandry and have less energy expenditure for food production. Besides protein, fish flesh contains sufficient quantity of vitamins and minerals, which are essential for growth. Aquatic animals enhance national economy and provide financial benefits by employment, profit and money savings. Sea food industry provides jobs for commercial fishers, wholesaler and retailors.
The rapidly increasing use of pesticides in agriculture, poses serious danger, both to the public health, fisheries and aquatic ecosystem. Pesticides enter in aquatic ecosystem causes undesirable loss in the form of pathology or mortality of aquatic animals, which causes decline of aquatic micro-organisms, fish and other aquatic species, like prawns, frogs, turtles, muscles, water birds etc. These aquatic animals are main source of natural food chains. If flesh of these insecticides accumulated animals, eaten by other animals and by men, are also affected by these pesticides.
Pesticides must be used with great care, so that the health of humans, animals and the environment are protected. Disadvantages of pesticides include their toxicity to some humans, animals and useful plants, and the persistence (long life) of some of these chemicals in the environment, which causes serious hazard both to the public health and the environment.
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS TOPOLOGICAL AND NON-SPATIAL CONSERVATION
Authors: Saxena Asha , Chauhan Sunita
Published: February 2021

In general terms, biodiversity refers to the ethnic differences found in living organisms (flora and fauna). From whale fish to microscopic bacteria, there is an expansion of biodiversity from humans to fungi. Biodiversity has declined due to environmental degradation. Biodiversity is being rapidly destroyed due to uncontrolled human activities, power, greed and political reasons. The ever-increasing population, growth of urban areas, construction of buildings, roads and roads, deforestation for agriculture, digging of mines, etc. are some examples which have led to depletion of natural resources.Biodiversity is a resource that cannot be regenerated. Today there is no effective way to regenerate lost plants and animals.

सामान्य शब्दों में जैव विविधता से तात्पर्य सजीवों (वनस्पति और प्राणी) में पाए जाने वाले जातीय भेद से है। व्हेल मछली से लेकर सूक्ष्मदर्षी जीवाणु तक मनुष्य से लेकर फफंूद तक जैव विविधता का विस्तार पाया जाता है। पर्यावरणीय ह्रास के कारण जैव विविधता का क्षय हुआ है। मानव के अनियंत्रित क्रियाकलापों, बिजली, लालच और राजनीतिक कारणांे से जैव विविधता का विनाष बहुत तेजी से हो रहा है। लगातार बढ़ती जनसंख्याा, नगरीय क्षेत्रों की वृद्धि बाॅधों, भवनों तथा सड़कांे का निर्माण, कृषि के लिए वनों का कटाव, खदानों की खुदाई आदि ऐसे कुछ उदाहरण है जिनसे प्राकृतिक संसाधनों में कमी आई है।जैव विविधता एक ऐसा संसाधन है जिसे फिर से नहीं बनाया जा सकता है। आज ऐसा कोई कारगर तरीका नहीं है जिससे लुप्त हुए पौधों और जन्तुओं को फिर से उत्पन्न किया जा सके।
HUMAN HEALTH AND POLLUTION
Authors: Verma Pratibha , Katiyar Alka
Published: February 2021

Environment refers to the entire physical and biological world. In which organisms live, grow, thrive and develop their natural tendencies. The truth is that the existence of life is basically dependent on the environment. Changes in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of any element of the environment that are harmful to humans or other beings is called environmental pollution.Environmental pollution has taken the form of a worldwide problem today and in India also this problem is seen in various forms. Due to industrial and technological development, rapid population growth, urbanization etc., the environmental pressure started increasing. Today, the greatest need is "destruction-free development" but due to human activities, environmental imbalance increases, which pollutes the environment and endangers the existence of other animals and flora including humans. Environmental pollution affects human health, causing fatal diseases.

पर्यावरण का तात्पर्य समूचे भौतिक एवं जैविक विश्व से है। जिसमें जीवधारी रहते हैं, बढ़ते हैं, पनपते हैं और अपनी स्वाभाविक प्रवृत्तियों का विकास करते हैं। सत्य तो यह है कि जीवन का अस्तित्व मूलतः पर्यावरण पर निर्भर है। पर्यावरण के किसी भी तत्व के भौतिक, रासायनिक अथवा जैविक विशेषताओं में परिवर्तन जो मानव या अन्य प्राणियों के लिए हानिकारक हो पर्यावरण प्रदूषण कहलाता है। पर्यावरण प्रदूषण आज एक विश्वव्यापी समस्या का रूप ले चुका है और भारत में भी यह समस्या विविध रूपों में दृष्टिगत होती है। औद्योगिक एवं तकनीकी विकास, तीव्र जनसंख्या वृद्धि, शहरीकरण आदि के कारण पर्यावरण के दबाव में निरन्तर बढ़ोतरी होने लगी। आज सबसे बड़ी आवश्यकता है ‘‘विनाश रहित विकास’’ किन्तु मानवीय क्रियाकलापों से पर्यावरणीय असंतुलन बढ़ता ही जाता है जिससे पर्यावरण प्रदूषित हो जाता है और मानव सहित अन्य प्राणियों एवं वनस्पतियों का अस्तित्व खतरे में पड़ता जा रहा है। पर्यावरण प्रदूषण मानवीय स्वास्थ्य को प्रभावित करता है जिससे घातक रोग उत्पन्न होते हैं।
EARTH MEDICINE
Authors: Kadam Seema
Published: February 2021

Today the grief of mother is well known. The elements holding it - water, vegetation, sky and air, are gasping due to the smoke emanating from the chimneys of development.The greedy tongue of landmassification has introduced all these elements in the market in beautiful packing as a commodity of trade. Due to the reduction of these four, the fifth organ, Agni, has surrounded the entire earth from inside to outside. Because of which everything has started to heat up inside and outside the earth. That is why under the guise of 'Earth Days', distant relatives of UN-type earth keep peeping the earth lying on the dialyses in the ICU from the rooms of glass. The United Nations has recently published a 'Millennium Environmental Assessment', sitting on a thermometer leaning in worry like distant relatives from Earth's fever.

आज धरती माॅं का दुःख सर्वविदित है। उसे संभाले रखने वाले तत्व-जल, वनस्पति,आकाश और वायु, विकास की चिमनियों से निकलने वाले धुएं के कारण हांप रहे हैं ।भू-मण्डलीकरण की लालची जीभ ने इन सभी तत्वों को बाजार में सुन्दर पैकिंग में भर व्यापार की वस्तु के रूप में पेश कर दिया है । इन चारों के कम होने से पाॅंचवे अंग यानी अग्नि ने आज पूरी धरती को भीतर-बाहर से घेर लिया है । जिसके कारण धरती का भीतर-बाहर सब तपने लगा है । इसीलिए ‘पृथ्वी दिवसों’ की आड़ में संयुक्त राष्ट्र टाइप धरती के दूर के रिश्तेदार आईसीयू में डाॅयलिसिस पर लेटी धरती को शीशों के कमरों से झांकते रहते हैं । धरती के बुखार से दूर के रिश्तेदारों की तरह चिंता में दुबले हो रहे थर्मामीटर लेकर बैठे संयुक्त राष्ट्र ने हाल ही में ‘सहस्त्राब्दि का पर्यावरण आकलन’ छापा है ।
NEW DIMENSIONS OF FARMING: COMPROMISE AGRICULTURE
Authors: Kesharwani Harish
Published: February 2021

The major issue is the improvement and development of agriculture as a result of increasing population, changing lifestyles, commercialization of agricultural products as well as seasonal variability, changes in production trend and agricultural inequality. Regardless of the extent of human development, but its supply will be either from the ground or its processing. Changes in the agricultural system can also be seen as a result of all kinds of changes in the context of agriculture. Also, the world's population is increasing rapidly and in the context of India, it is a fact that it is the second most populous country in the world, by 2030 it will overtake China to become the world's most populous country. Also, the population of India increases by 2 crore people every year, for which the demand for bread, cloth, house demand also increases.

बढ़ती जनसंख्या, बदलती जीवन शैली, कृषिगत उत्पादों का व्यवासायीकरण के साथ साथ मौसमी परिवर्तनशीलता, उत्पादन प्रवृत्ति मे बदलाव और कृषिगत विषमता के परिणाम स्वरूप सबसे प्रमुख मुददा कृषि के सुधार और विकास का है। मानव अपने विकास की चाहे जो सीमा निर्धारित कर ले परंतु उसकी उदरपूर्ति जमीन से उगे आनाज या उसके प्रसंस्करण से ही होगी। कृषि के संदर्भ मे तमाम प्रकार के बदलावों के परिणाम स्वरूप कृषि प्रणाली मे भी बदलाव देखे जा सकते हैं। साथ ही विश्व की जनसंख्या तेजी के साथ बढ़ रही है तथा भारत के संदर्भ मे यह तथ्य है कि यह विश्व की दूसरी सर्वाधिक जनंख्या वाला देश है जो 2030 तक यह चीन को पीछे छोड़ते हुए विश्व की सर्वाधिक आबादी वाला देश हो जाएगा। साथ ही भारत की आबादी मे प्रतिवर्ष 2 करोड़ लोग बढ़ जाते है जिनकी आवश्यकता हेतु रोटी, कपड़ा, मकान की माॅग मे भी वृद्धि होती जाती है।
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND HINDUISM
Authors: Kothari Mamta
Published: February 2021

Under the environment, air, water, vegetation, plants, animals, humans all come. In nature, all these quantities and their composition are arranged in such a way that a balanced life continues on the earth. For the last few years, ever since the Earth came into being as animal, animal and other bacterial consumers, this cycle of nature has been going on continuously and smoothly. Whatever is needed and is getting from nature and nature preserves it by producing more in itself. If we observe human history, five hundred and seven hundred years ago, man was close to nature. The food he got from nature was normal, it was his happy life, when water and air were safe. But gradually the change took place with time and the desire of man to live happily increased. With the advancement of science man began to interfere with the natural cycle. The effect of this was that the items of the primary needs of human beings began to lack water, air and food. The immense reserves of nature started decreasing day by day and the word pollution emerged. There was a need for environmental protection.

पर्यावरण के अन्तर्गत वायु जल भूमि वनस्पति पेड़ पौधे, पशु मानव सब आते है । प्रकृति में इन सबकी मात्रा और इनकी रचना कुछ इस प्रकार व्यवस्थित है कि पृथ्वी पर एक संतुलनमय जीवन चलता रहे । विगत करोंड़ांे वर्षो से जब से पृथ्वी मनुष्य पशुपक्षी और अन्य जीव-जीवाणु उपभोक्ता बनकर आये तब से, प्रकृति का यह चक्र निरंतर और अबाध गति से चल रहा है । जिसको जितनी आवष्यकता है व प्रकृति से प्राप्त कर रहा है और प्रकृति आगे के लिये अपने में और उत्पन्न करके संरक्षित कर लेती है । मानव इतिहास का अवलोकन करे तो आज से पंाॅच सौ सात सौ वर्ष पूर्व मनुष्य प्रकृति के समीप था । प्रकृति से मिले भोजन पर सामान्य आश्रित था , वह उसका सुखमय जीवन था, जब जल वायु निरापद थे । लेकिन धीरे-धीरे समय के साथ परिवर्तन हुवा और मनुष्य मंे सुखमय जीने की लालसा में वृद्धि हुई । विज्ञान की प्रगति के साथ मनुष्य ने प्राकृतिक चक्र में हस्तक्षेप करना शुरू कर दिया । इसका दूष्प्रभाव यह हुवा कि मनुष्य की प्राथमिक आवष्यकताओं की वस्तुऐं जल, वायु भोजन का अभाव होने लगा । प्रकृति के अपार भण्डार दिन प्रतिदिन कम होने लगे और प्रदुषण शब्द का उदय हुवा । पर्यावरण संरक्षण की आवष्यकता होने लगी ।
ROLE OF SOCIETY IN CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND SOCIAL, MEDICINAL VALUE
Authors: Sharma Ranjana
Published: February 2021

The objective of the World Nature Fund India has always been that we participate in sustainable and equitable development with the protection of nature and environment. 1Contamination occurs as long as external substances come into our environment. Initially it is in small quantities, causing human harm to a level until it falls into the category of contamination, but as soon as this limit is violated, it becomes pollution rather than contamination.In the Hindu scripture "Varaha Purana" it is said that the five Mahayagas are the benefactors of trees. They treat planets by giving them shade and rest to fuel pilgrims, birds to nests and medicine to all living beings with leaves, roots and ulcers.

विश्व प्रकृति निधि भारत का हमेशा ही यह उद्देश्य रहा है कि हम प्रकृति और पर्यावरण संरक्षण के साथ दीर्घकालिक तथा न्याय संगत विकास करने में सहभागी बनें।1जब तक हमारे पर्यावरण में बाह्य पदार्थ आकर मिलते हैं संदृषण होता है। प्रारम्भ में यह अल्प मात्रा में होता है, जिससे एक स्तर तक मनुष्य को कोई हानि नहीं पहुँचती तब तक यह संदूषण की श्रेणी में, लेकिन जैसे ही इस सीमा का उल्लंघन होता है तो यह दूषण संदूषण न रहकर प्रदूषण बन जाता है। हिन्दू धर्म ग्रन्थ ‘‘वाराह पुराण’’ में लिखा है कि वृक्षों के उपकार पाँच महायज्ञ हैं। वे ग्रहस्थों को ईंधन पथिकों को छाया तथा विश्राम, पक्षियों को घोंसले तथा पत्ते, जड़ एवं छालों से सारे जीवों को औषधि देकर उनका उपचार करते हैं।
PENTINGNYA PENGEMBANGAN KEBIJAKAN PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENYULUH KEHUTANAN DALAM ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Authors: Wulandari Christine
Published: February 2021

Penerbitan Undang Undang Pemerintahan Daerah (Nomor 23 Tahun 2014) ternyata banyak berdampak pada tata kelola sumberdaya alam termasuk sumberdaya hutan dalam mendukung pengelolaan yang lestari. Dampak yang tampak nyata dan masih harus terus ditingkatkan efektifitasnya hingga saat ini adalah perubahan kelembagaan pengelola sumberdaya hutan termasuk sumberdaya yang ada didalamnya, baik di dinas kehutanan maupun lembaga penyuluhnya. Kurang efektifnya lembaga penyuluh akan berpengaruh terhadap optimalisasi capaian sosialisasi dan distribusi program kehutanan kepada masyarakat, termasuk program adaptasi perubahan iklim. Hal ini terjadi, salah satunya karena belum ada landasan kebijaksanaan yang akan menjamin adanya suatu program secara berkelanjutan di suatu wilayah.  Di KPH Batutegi diperlukan adanya kebijakan pengembangan kapasitas yang intensif dan terstruktur tentang adaptasi perubahan iklim terhadap penyuluh karena diketahui minimnya pemahaman si penyuluh juga masyarakat akan berpengaruh terhadap efektifitas pelaksanaan program adaptasi perubahan iklim.
ALIRAN PERDAGANGAN LADA INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Jannah Eka Miftakhul
Published: February 2021

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara produsen dan eksportir lada terbesar di dunia. Namun pertumbuhan volume ekspor lada Indonesia memiliki pertumbuhan lebih rendah dari pertumbuhan produksinya. Rendahnya ekspor lada Indonesia disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan lada Indonesia di pasar internasional. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan lada Indonesia di pasar internasional dan menjelaskan potensi perdagangan lada Indonesia di negara tujuan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data panel dengan gravity model dan analisis potensi perdagangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aliran perdagangan ekspor lada Indonesia secara signifikan sangat dipengaruhi oleh nilai GDP riil per kapita Indonesia, GDP riil per kapita negara tujuan ekspor, jarak ekonomi Indonesia dengan negara tujuan ekspor, nilai tukar rupiah terhadap negara tujuan ekspor, dan nilai RCA Indonesia. Namun demikian tarif impor negara tujuan ekspor tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan. Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk terus meningkatkan perdagangan lada terhadap negara China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Belanda, Perancis, dan Jerman. Hal ini disebabkan perdagangan lada Indonesia dengan mitra dagang masih mengalami under trade. Sementara China merupakan negara yang memiliki potensi perdagangan paling tinggi.
Kajian Penilaian Kualitas Air Sungai Bedadung di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Elida Novita  , Pradana Hendra Andiananta , Dwija Satria Priambada
Published: February 2021

Penilaian kualitas air sungai berperan penting dalam penentuan peruntukan sumber air pemukaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi daya tampung beban pencemaran dan menilai status mutu air menggunakan metode CCME-WQI. Sungai Bedadung yang melewati segmen Perkotaan Kabupaten Jember. Pemantauan parameter kualitas air dan debit dilakukan pada 5 lokasi pengambilan contoh air. Parameter TSS, BOD, COD, dan debit air pada periode pengamatan tahun 2019 digunakan untuk mengukur nilai daya tampung beban pencemaran. Data input kualitas air berupa parameter fisika, kimia, dan mikrobiologi pada periode pengamatan tahun 2016 – 2019 digunakan untuk menentukan nilai indeks kualitas air menggunakan metode CCME-WQI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai daya tampung beban pencemaran Sungai Bedadung segmen Perkotaan Kabuoaten Jember berdasarkan parameter TSS, BOD, dan COD secara berurutan yaitu 17429,99 kg/hari; 410,75 kg/hari; dan 2357,33 kg.hari. Rentang nilai Indeks Kualitas Air Sungai Bedadung segmen Perkotaan Kabupaten Jember dari tahun 2016 – 2019 sebesar 53,21 – 79,31 dengan kategori fair sampai marginal. Parameter yang mengakibatkan rendahnya nilai IKA yaitu BOD, COD, H2S, Cl-, PO4, dan total coliform.
KUPU-KUPU DI TAMAN KOTA KEDIRI MEMORIAL PARK
Authors: Indah Tutut
Published: February 2021

Kupu-kupu merupakan serangga yang bergantung terhadap daya dukung habitatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman, kemerataan dan kemelimpahan kupu-kupu di Kediri Memorial Park beserta faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhinya. Metode sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah VES (Visual Eccounting Survey). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 6 spesies kupu-kupu. Indeks keanekaragaman sebesar 1,68401 dan indeks kemerataan menunjukkan nilai 0,40646. Derajad kemelimpahan spesies masuk dalam kategori langka, dengan rata-rata perjumpaan kurang dari 5 perjumpaan per hari.
THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE PROCESS APPROACH IN THE FORMATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF TRADING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Onashchenko Dmytro
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to define and substantiate the basic principles of the process approach, as well as the stages of its use in the formation of the organizational architecture of trading enterprises based on the process approach. Continuing changes in the world economy associated with its globalization, as well as its crisis nature, growing competition in all spheres of the economy and especially in the field of trade, the owners and managers of each enterprise raise the urgent question: how to survive and what to do in this situation? What actions to take and what management tools to rely on to make life-changing business decisions? Methodology. During the analysis, the features of the process approach were considered when using it to form the organizational architecture of an enterprise, the essence, features and classification of business processes of an enterprise. Results. Shrinking most markets requires businesses to not only offer products that have the greatest value to customers, but also create variations of that product for different consumer segments, and make the necessary internal changes. The process approach to the formation of the organizational architecture of the enterprise and the enterprise management system offers a solution based on a simple mechanism – a business process, the task of which is to create value for the client. In addition, the process approach allows enterprises to maintain the required speed and efficiency of their activities. For in modern conditions of a high level of competition between enterprises, it is very important to focus on key customers, determine their requirements and criteria for evaluating the results of the processes performed by the company), quickly organize processes and ensure their parameters in accordance with consumer expectations. Practical implications. Analysis of the features of the process approach when using it to form the organizational architecture of an enterprise, the essence and features of business processes made it possible to conclude that they really contribute to the establishment of effective and flexible activities of the enterprise, increase the competitiveness of the enterprise in the market compared with other enterprises. Value/originality. The use of system analysis made it possible to formulate the features of the application of the process approach in modeling, improving the organizational architecture of trading enterprises.
METHODICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINATION OF LEVEL OF INNOVATION COMPETITIVENESS OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES
Authors: Fisunenko Pavlo
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the paper is to develop and prove the combined methodical approach to estimation of the level of innovation competitiveness of construction enterprises. Methodology. Theoretical and methodical basis of the research is the system approach to study of fundamental concepts of economic science to providing enterprises’ competitiveness. Development of the combined methodical approach is based on the results of comparative analysis of the existing approaches to estimation of companies’ competitiveness, including researches of the methods assessing total competiveness as well as its separate components. Dialectical and abstract logical methods as well as induction and deduction were used to generalize theoretical and methodological aspects of competitiveness evaluation and develop the combined approach. The results of the comparative analysis of publications devoted to estimation of enterprises’ competitiveness showed that the approach used by the researchers is based on using one or several methods of evaluation: based on the competitive advantages theory, effective competition, quality of goods, matrix, integral, scoring, analytical hierarchy, VIKOR and others. All these methods that can be used to estimate innovation competitiveness of construction companies are divided into three groups: quantitative, qualitative, and specialized. A combined approach to estimation of construction enterprises’ competitiveness based on combination of methodical concepts of stakeholder analysis theory (interested parties) using comparative advantage, matrix and integrated methods. Practical implications is development of scientific, methodological and practical approach to estimation of construction enterprises’ competitiveness allowing to receive the basis to creating the strategy of innovation competitiveness in order to provide economical safety. Value/originality is development of theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of estimation construction enterprises’ competitiveness including combined methodical approach as a complex of separate blocks, each is aimed at solving separate research task and has one purpose.
SIGNIFICANCE OF COOPERATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Authors: Alieksieieva Olha
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the impact of the basic principles and benefits of the development of cooperative movement on the development of organic agricultural production, as well as to determine the role of cooperation in the development of organic entrepreneurship. Methodology. The author has used the methods of analysis and synthesis, the method of statistical grouping and comparison, induction and deduction, structural and functional approach to solve the problems and achieve the goals. The study is based on the comparative analysis and synthesis of scientific literature. Results. Organic food is increasing in popularity. The growing demand is mainly attributable to consumer concerns about negative implications of conventional agriculture for human health and the environment. Organic agriculture has a great potential to neutralize a negative impact of agricultural intensification on the environment. The article describes the concept and analyzes the current state of cooperation in agriculture. It is found that during the period under the research, the number of registered cooperatives has increased by almost 45%. The concepts of organic agriculture and organic production are clarified. The dynamics of agricultural lands engaged in organic production and the number of certified organic farms in Ukraine are studied. It is indicated that the consumption of organic products in Ukraine is much lower than in the European countries and the United States. The advantages of introducing a cooperative movement in the field of organic agriculture are identified. Being part of a cooperative helps small farms to be able to produce enough to generate profits and ensure their substance, which is an opportunity to compete with larger companies. Risks arising in the process of establishing organic cooperatives are outlined considering the international experience. It is concluded that efficient organic farming cooperatives can support local and export markets, stimulate production efficiency and promote local logistics. Practical implications. The advantages of consolidation of enterprises and entrepreneurs in the field of organic agriculture on the basis of cooperation can be used for the development of state programs to support the cooperative movement in organic farming. Value/originality. Views on the organization of production, processing and logistics activities of organic agricultural producers through the introduction of cooperatives have been expanded.