bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Staffing, Financial, and Administrative Oversight Models and Rates of Injury in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Baugh Christine M. , Meehan William P. , McGuire Thomas G. , Hatfield Laura A.
Published: April 2020

Context

Structural features of health care environments are associated with patient health outcomes, but these relationships are not well understood in sports medicine.

Objective

To evaluate the association between athlete injury outcomes and structural measures of health care at universities: (1) clinicians per athlete, (2) financial model of the sports medicine department, and (3) administrative reporting structure of the sports medicine department.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

Collegiate sports medicine programs.

Patients or Other Participants

Colleges that contribute data to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We combined injury data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program, sports medicine staffing data from NCAA Research, athletic department characteristics from the United States Department of Education, and financial and administrative oversight model data from a previous survey. Rates of injury, reinjury, concussion, and time loss (days) in NCAA athletes.

Results

Compared with schools that had an average number of clinicians per athlete, schools 1 standard deviation above average had a 9.5% lower injury incidence (103.6 versus 93.7 per 10000 athlete-exposures [AEs]; incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.905, P < .001), 2.7% lower incidence of reinjury (10.6 versus 10.3 per 10000 AEs; IRR = 0.973, P = .004), and 6.7% lower incidence of concussion (6.1 versus 5.7 per 10000 AEs; IRR = 0.933, P < .001). Compared with the average, schools that had 1 standard deviation more clinicians per athlete had 16% greater injury time loss (5.0 days versus 4.2 days; IRR = 1.16, P < .001). At schools with sports medicine departments financed by or reporting to the athletics department (or both), athletes had higher injury incidences (31% and 9%, respectively).

Conclusions

The financial and reporting structures of collegiate sports medicine departments as well as the number of clinicians per athlete were associated with injury risk. Increasing the number of sports medicine clinicians on staff and structuring sports medicine departments such that they are financed by and report to a medical institution may reduce athlete injury incidence.
Semistable models of elliptic curves over residue characteristic 2
Authors: Yelton Jeffrey
Published: April 2020

Given an elliptic curve E in Legendre form $y^2 = x(x - 1)(x - \lambda )$ over the fraction field of a Henselian ring R of mixed characteristic $(0, 2)$, we present an algorithm for determining a semistable model of E over R that depends only on the valuation of $\lambda $. We provide several examples along with an easy corollary concerning $2$-torsion.
Debates electorales en los VOD de las RTV Públicas de Europa
Authors: Vaz-Álvarez Martín , Túñez-López José Miguel , Costa-Sánchez Carmen
Published: April 2020

Introducción: En los medios públicos, el debate electoral es de especial interés por las reglas que deben adoptar estas televisiones para cumplir con sus compromisos de servicio público y mantener los valores de diversidad, universalidad y participación. En el nuevo escenario que plantean las plataformas propias de VOD la inclusión de estos debates electorales televisados y las variaciones en su formato se plantea como un ejercicio de transparencia y un compromiso con la memoria audiovisual del país que refuerza los valores de diversidad, proximidad y universalidad representativa. Metodología: El artículo revisa de un modo comparativo el uso de este formato en siete de las principales emisoras públicas de televisión de Europa siguiendo los modelos de Hallin y Mancini y con una subdivisión regional dentro del modelo democrático-corporatista para obtener resultados con un corte étnico-político. Resultados y conclusiones: Existe una notable disparidad entre las televisiones públicas que tienen accesibles los debates electorales en sus plataformas de VOD. El análisis desvela que, a pesar de su trascendencia, los debates no se encuentran disponibles en los entornos online del medio, aunque sí son accesibles desde plataformas ajenas, principalmente YouTube.
Surgical Simulation Maximizing the Use of Fresh-Frozen Cadaveric Specimens: Examination of Tissue Integrity Using Ultrasound
Authors: Bell Courtney D. , O'Sullivan Joseph G. , Ostervoss Tamara E. , Cameron William E. , Petering Ryan C. , Brady Jacqueline M.
Published: April 2020

Background

Arthroscopic surgical simulation, including the use of cadaveric tissue, is valuable for training orthopedic surgery residents. However, it is unclear how often fresh-frozen cadaveric tissue can be reused to provide a reproducible model for developing arthroscopic skills.

Objective

We determined the usefulness of ultrasound in evaluating tissue degradation in fresh-frozen shoulder and knee joints used for surgical simulation.

Methods

Between February 7 and April 11, 2017, orthopedic residents participated in 6 wet lab sessions during 1 rotation. Knee and shoulder specimens were subjected to ultrasound using a SonoSite Edge machine and a linear probe after each freeze-and-thaw cycle. Degradation of each structure was determined based on standards created for living tissue and comparisons to previous images of the same tissue before initial use.

Results

Ultrasonographic assessment of the 2 knee and 2 shoulder specimens revealed lost integrity in subcutaneous fat and muscle with evidence of increased hypoechoicity and loss of normal fiber orientation and density in all specimens examined. Tendons, ligaments, cartilage, iliotibial band, and bone did not lose integrity during freezing and thawing. Ultrasonographic assessment revealed no loss of joint structure integrity. However, the intra-articular work assigned for the simulation curriculum had been carried out to a degree that by the third use, little opportunity remained for further arthroscopic practice on that specimen.

Conclusions

In this study, ultrasound findings showed that fresh-frozen shoulder and knee specimens maintained structural integrity useful for simulation training after 3 cycles of freezing.
Blended Formula Four Di (4D) with Actor Network Theory to Increases the Outcome of Literacy Culture
Authors: Tri Wahyu Liswati
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Blended Formula Four Di (4D) with Actor Network Theory in increasing the outcome of literacy culture is a case study that involves all school members. The obtained data were analysed by using qualitative descriptive methods. The analysis results inform that the Blended Formula Four Di (4D) with Actor Network Theory has proven to be effective in improving the outcome of literacy culture in schools. The application of "Blended Formula Four Di (4D) with Actor Network Theory to Increases The Outcome of Literacy Culture" is also able to improve literacy culture in SMAN 1 Ngimbang with indicators (1) increasing the number of visitors and borrowers in the library, (2) increasing the writing of the school residents, and (3) becoming the winner of the library competition.
Bankruptcy prediction for Japanese corporations using support vector machine, artiﬁcial neural network, and multivariate discriminant analysis
Authors: Masanobu Matsumaru , SHOICHI KANEKO , Hideki Katagiri , Takaaki Kawanaka
Published: April 2020

This study predicted the bankruptcy risk of companies listed in Japanese stock markets for the entire industry and individual industries using multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM) and compared the methods to determine the best one. The financial statements of the companies listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange in Japan were used as data. The data of 244 companies that went bankrupt between 1991 and 2015 were used. Additionally, the data of 64,708 companies that did not go bankrupt between 1991 and 2015 (24 years) were used. The data was acquired from the Nikkei NEEDS database. It was found from the results of empirical analysis that the SVM is more accurate than the other models in predicting the bankruptcy risk of companies. In the ANN analysis and MDA, bankruptcy prediction could be made accurately only for some individual industries. In contrast, the SVM could predict the bankruptcy risk of companies almost perfectly for either entire and individual industries. This bankruptcy prediction model can help customers, investors, and financiers prevent losses by focusing on the financial indicators before finalizing transactions.
Managerial Skills: An Imperative for Business Education in Enhancing Nigerian Dwindling Economy
Authors: Suleiman Lukman , Adam Mansur Saidu , Jibrin Usman Dahiru , Buba Umar
Published: April 2020

The main aim of this study is to determine the important of business education managerial skills in overcoming the problems of economic recession in Nigeria. Literature was extensively reviewed in relation to business education, managerial skills and economic recession, on that note the concept of business education was discussed by different literature. Furthermore, five (5) importance of business education were identified in relation to the economic development and the nation’s dwindling economy. The study went further and identifies different kind of managerial skills needed by business education students, these skills were found to be very essential in promoting the Nigerian economy and also serves as a way of eradicating the dwindling economy of any given nation.
Female Labour Force, ICT and Growth Nexus in Nigeria
Authors: Okon Emmanuel Okokondem
Published: April 2020

Growth in the labor force is one of the determinants of a nation’s maximum sustainable, or potential, rate of economic expansion. However, in the period of study in this paper, the relationship between women’s participation in the labor force of Nigeria and economic growth is inverse and insignificant. This is attributed to the level of economic development, social norms, education levels, fertility rates and other factors. From policy perspectives therefore educational opportunities for the girl child should be extended to the nooks and crannies of the country so as to enhance socio-economic family planning techniques and methods to reduce the burden of women in the labour force. In the same vein, employers should be encouraged to give all gender equal opportunity and chance to pursue their potentials especially if they have potentials required for a particular job. However, particular attention should be focused on men by enlightening them on the essence of encouraging their spouses on any career they may choose as long as it does not affected the family in any way.
Operations of Street Food Vendors and Their Impact on Sustainable Life in Rural Nigeria
Authors: Edeme Richardson Kojo , Nkalu Nkalu, C.
Published: April 2020

In recent times, street food vending has become source of livelihood to some urban dwellers and has offered economic benefits to vendors and nutritious foods for the urban dwellers, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the operations and existence of street food vending in Nsukka urban area and examine its effects on sustainable life.. Demographic profiles of vendors, their food safety knowledge, constraints in proper handling practices, the emergence of street food vending, its socioeconomic impact, nature and problems facing street food vendors and their impact on sustainable life were assessed using a closed ended questionnaire. It was found that street food vendors have existed in Nsukka urban area overtime and their emergence was consequent upon the quest for a better life. Also, street food vending has impacted positively on sustainable life in the area through being a source of employment and provision of essential services to the dwellers.
Hybrid Quantum Computing Apocalypse
Authors: Skopec Robert
Published: April 2020

Chinese scientists won a major victory, by proving that the Majorana fermions – a particle we’ve found tantalizing hints for years – genuinely exists. This discovery has huge implications for quantum computing, and it might change the world. Don Lincoln, a senior physicist at Fermi lab, does research using the Large Hadrons Collider. He is the author of “The Large Hadrons Collider: The Extraordinary Story of the Higgs Boson and Other Stuff That Will Blow Your Mind”, and produces a series of science education videos. To the question: Why is there (in our Universe) something including cancer, rather than nothing? He is giving the simplest scientific answer: We shouldn’t exist at all.
Economic Implication of Absence of National Carrier in the Nigeria Aviation Industry
Authors: Kolawole T Gbadamosi , Emmanuel A. Adekunle
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study is to access the economic implication of absence of National carrier in the Nigeria aviation industry. The airline industry is the key drive of the travel and tourism industry and also a major contributor to many countries’ overall economy through international tourist arrivals and departures. The study estimate the amount of revenue Nigeria is losing to capital flights for not having a viable national carrier over the past ten years that is from 2007 to 2016.The estimated amount of revenue loss was examined on airlines offering direct flights on Nigeria to London route, in which we have two foreign airlines (British airways and Virgin Atlantic airline)and a Nigeria’s private national carrier which is Med-view airline. The class of tickets and services in each class of ticket being offered by the airlines was examined. The study reveals an estimate of total of over $6 Billion revenue were being lost to hands of foreign competitors over the past ten years with British airways generating closely to $4 billion, while Virgin Atlantic generated over $2.3 billion and Med-view generated over $133 million in the past ten years. The study also reveals that the higher the passenger carried the higher the revenue and vice versa. However, establishing a national carrier by the federal government is imminent which will express Nigeria culture and to better serve passengers especially Nigerians. Finally, banks and other governmental financial institutions should make available enough funds with longer payback period and little interest for both existing airlines to upgrade their services and new entrants to be able to purchase necessary equipment’s to make them competitive in the market.
Clinical Evaluation of the Method of Active Abdominal Drainage in General Peritonitis Rancid
Authors: V.I Shaposhnikov
Published: April 2020

Acute general putrid peritonitis refers to the severe inflammation of the peritoneum. He is constantly accompanied by jendotoksicheskim shock and progressive multiple organ failure. Macro and micro blood circulation in tissues and organs of the abdominal cavity Portal vein system is blocked from the first minutes the development of pathological process and toxins and nedookislennye metabolic products accumulate in them. For their removal requires efferent methods of treatment, one of which suggests the author of this article. Technical and physical techniques against a backdrop of complex drug therapy perpetrated as cleansing and forcible blood vessels promotion portal system. In this way manage to restore homeostasis. For developing this method, he was extradited to USSR patent (No. 1787036, dated March 7, 1991). To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method of treatment, the author describes the clinical observations.
‘Quality of Life’ of Persons with Disability: An Assessment in Selected Flood Prone Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Mir Hasan Shakil , Azad Md. Abul Kalam
Published: April 2020

The present study is on “Quality of Life” of person with disabilities living in flood prone areas of Bangladesh. In this aspect the specific objectives have been designed to determine the effects of disaster on physical and psychological health and social relationship between disabilities and community. The study has also assessed the adaptive capacity of persons with disabilities during and post-disaster period and find out the challenges faced by the persons with disabilities during disaster and post disaster that undermining their quality of life. In the determination of quality of life of PWDs in the selected flood prone area in Bangladesh a mixed method incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research approaches was used to conduct this study by using the tools of observation, case study, and face to face semi structured interview, with PWDs in Northern district of Gaibandha. The study shows that out of 110 respondent, nearly 63 per cent required assistance, while over 38 per cent respondent are required partial assistance, and 20 percent are required supervision. The study reveals that more than 9 per cent of the respondents maintains very poor quality of life while 20 per cent are maintaining poor quality of life, nearly 34 per cent respondents are identified their life neither poor or nor good in selected area.
Economic Analysis of Vulnerability and Capacity: A Study of Water Logging, Bhobodah, Keshabpur, Jessore
Authors: Mizanuzzaman Md.
Published: April 2020

Global environmental change and sustainability science increasingly recognize the need to address the consequences of changes taking place in the structure and function of the biosphere. These changes raise questions such as: Who and what are vulnerable to the multiple environmental changes underway, and where? This recognition requires revisions and enlargements in the basic design of vulnerability assessments, including the capacity to treat coupled human–environment systems and those linkages within and without the systems that affect their vulnerability. A vulnerability framework for the assessment of coupled human–environment systems is presented. (Turner. et.al).This study is related with economic analysis of vulnerability and capacity contextually Jessore’s village.
The Pair Lion Motif in Shiva Temple of Medieval Bengal: Its Source and Evaluation
Authors: Islam Sk. Zohirul
Published: April 2020

Lions, particularly male lions, have been an important symbol for thousands of years and appear as a theme in cultures across Europe, Asia, and Africa. The cultural significance of stucco pair lion motif in Shiva temples of Bengal and relates with various types of representation of the same motif found in others. The pair Lion used as stucco (Jora Shiva Temple, Muroli, Jessore district). Shiva is the braver among the all God and Goddesses in Hindu religion during the early period and still. Thus we have found many Shiva temple build in Bengal (present West Bengal(Paschimbango) and Bangladesh). This article try to analyses about how the pair lion motif is depicting of the Shiva temple and what is the relation between Shiva and lion under Mythology and Purana. Shiva is the second most important male deity of Hindu. The usual Shiva –lingam’s which were mainly worshipped in the temples and under trees or in an open space. We would have tried to decipher about Pair Lion Motif decoration of 18th – 19th century Shiva temple of Bangladesh. Those would have to help the history of evaluation of stylized art waves is coming out by its  decoration  motif with ritual, beliefs and faith of Bengal society. We may look at the artistic tradition of lion sculptures those are widely found from different parts of west Bengal and Bangladesh.
Socio-Economic Profile of the Union Members in APSRTC:A Case Study of Visakhapatnam City
Authors: Lydia R. , Kumar B. Ravi
Published: April 2020

Trade unions help in accelerated pace of economic development in many ways. They are helping in the recruitment and selection of workers, inculcating discipline among the workforce, enabling settlement of industrial disputes in a rational manner and helping social adjustments with their activities. Workers have to adjust themselves to the new working conditions, the new rules and policies. Workers coming from different backgrounds may become disorganized, unsatisfied and frustrated. Unions will help them in such adjustment. The present study is an attempt to portray the socio-economic-profile of the sample respondents (union members) with reference to Visakhapatnam City.
Comparative Analysis of English Language Learners' Errors across Different Linguistic Backgrounds
Authors: Ogunyemi Kehinde Olufemi
Published: April 2020

The focus of the study is the comparative analysis of English as a second language learners’ errors across different linguistic backgrounds in Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The population for the study consisted of senior secondary school students in Ondo State. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select four secondary schools and 26 students from four schools in Akoko Ondo State(12 male, 14 female). The sample consisted students from three linguistic backgrounds (Igbo, Yoruba, and Hausa). The instrument used to gather data was a verbal ability test. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test- retest method (r = 0.83). Four research questions were answered. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference in the scores of students from different linguistic backgrounds in their use of tenses, pronouns, spellings and pronunciation. On the basis of these findings it was recommended that students are to be given time to pay attention to their use of English tenses, pronoun, spelling and pronunciation so as to maximize their academic potentials and possibilities. There is need to give teachers chance to experience in-service training and seminars. This will make them conversant with current development in pedagogy and language itself.
Design of Inventory Management System for Herat University Using Component-Based Methodology
Authors: Zabihi Somaia
Published: April 2020

The focus of CBSD is to assemble the previously-existing software components and to develop new and large software systems with new characteristics. It emphasizes on the use of Off the Shelf (OTS) components instead of building a system from the scratch. The first objective of this thesis is to discuss about the Component-Based Software Development (CBSD) as one of the advanced methodologies with the example of an inventory management system for Herat University, in Afghanistan. The second objective examines more closely whether CBSD can be a proper approach in Afghanistan, particularly in context of Herat University Inventory Management System (HU-IMS).This paper only focuses on selected phases such as requirement analysis and system design of HU-IMS life cycle. JavaBeans component model and user requirement analysis formulate to design the two separate components of HU-IMS (User Management and Resource Management).Both components are designed in a general way as they either can join as a part of a pre-functional system such as Higher Education Management Information System (HEMIS) or to be used for the purpose to develop new software systems. The results of the thesis confirm that considering CBSD when designing HU-IMS can be a proper approach in the Afghanistan scenario. However, the CBSD, particularly in Afghanistan context, has its own challenges and risks as all other approaches have. Since there are not many localized libraries and repositories available, the first challenge is to find and select the proper component which can be difficult and time-consuming; and the second is the adaptation and localization of the found component insomuch as most of the software developers are unfamiliar with the emerging concept.
Effects of Storytelling on Improving EFL Students’ Critical Thinking and Reading Comprehension
Authors: Sahibzada Javed , Ahmadzai Yar Mohammad Bahrami , Niaz Azadkhan , Laftah Susan Hussein
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to find the effects of storytelling (ST) on improving critical thinking and reading comprehension of EFL students at Kandahar University. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with critical thinking and reading comprehension pre and posttests. Total 27 Afghan EFL students were selected based on their performance on Placement test.  The participants of experimental group listened to their teacher telling the story. In order to find the improvement and different between these variables is significant the Paired Sample T-Test was administrated and the result indicates that there is significant improvement in post-tests in areas of reading comprehension and critical thinking in group of storytelling. However, improvement is higher in reading comprehension section than critical thinking.
New Algorithms for L1 Norm Regression
Authors: Bidabad Bijan
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we propose four algorithms for L1 norm computation of regression parameters, where two of them are more efficient for simple and multiple regression models.  However, we start with restricted simple linear regression and corresponding derivation and computation of the weighted median problem. In this respect, a computing function is coded.  With discussion on the m parameters model, we continue to expand the algorithm to include unrestricted simple linear regression, and two crude and efficient algorithms are proposed. The procedures are then generalized to the m parameters model by presenting two new algorithms, where the algorithm 4 is selected as more efficient. Various properties of these algorithms are discussed.
Employee Compensation a Panacea for Increasing Workers Productivity: A Case Study of Benin Owena River Basin Development Authority
Authors: Daramola Adedeji Adebola
Published: April 2020

Employees are a company's livelihood. How they feel about the work they are doing and the results received from that work directly impact an organization's performance and, ultimately, its stability. An unstable organization ultimately underperforms. The study had the following objectives: to establish the relationship between motivation and higher productivity among workers, to find out any relationship between motivational factors and work of staff and to determine how incentives influence workers approach to work and their performance. To achieve these goals, a questionnaire was designed based on the objectives. The completed questionnaires were processed and analyzed using the Simple Percentage. The findings of this study revealed that alongside monetary incentives, another key factor in motivating employees is to involve them in the process aimed at attaining organizational effectiveness because without their co-operation and support a great deal of managerial energy may be wasted. The study concluded that efforts should be aimed at motivating staff of all levels in order to increase productivity for higher returns. This study revealed that the higher motivation of workers leads to increasing productivity in BORBDA.
Nigerian Economic Recession: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Yusuf Ali D , Ahmad Razimi Mohd Shahril
Published: April 2020

As Nigerian economy continue to face constant economic recession, despite abundant of both natural and human resources in Nigeria due to adoption of falsehood economic system of capitalism inherent in its economic system. The major world views of economic system is on either capital or socialism which proved to be failures for centuries the only solution to the present economic predicament is Islamic economic system, which is recession proof, as it is purely based on ―Adl‖ which is fairness and justice, social responsibility, transparency, trust worthiness, and sharia compliance.
An Islamic Perspective of Leadership
Authors: Islam K. M. Anwarul , Karim Miajee Md. Rezaul
Published: April 2020

The point of this paper was Leadership is a much investigated subject in the western/contemporary school. From alluring, value-based, transformational, and worker administration speculations, which were the most broadly talked about, the center has now moved to the moral and good element of leadership.1– 3 Hunt and Conger affirm that the scope of new authority originations is very abroad. In the western/contemporary school of thought, authority is enthusiastic about the agenda.In expansion to administration standards developing and hailed by best partnerships.
An Islamic Perspective of Marketing
Authors: Islam K. M. Anwarul , Barghouthi Orobah Ali
Published: April 2020

The point of this paper was happened to think about whether there is anything, for example, "Islamic showcasing." Her argu¬ment began from the thought of inefficient use/lavishness in Islam: "Israf." She offered her clarification on how promoting today (which basically is contemporary advertising) centers on commercialization and "cre¬ating a need." The Webster's lexicon characterizes industrialism as "the concept that a regularly extending utilization of merchandise is favorable to the economy" which in Islam is "excess/Israf," and is profoundly dismissed. Just in this way, on the off chance that promoting depends on commercialization, quite a bit of what she said is genuinely like how individuals see the presence of Islamic advertising as an idea. To an expansive degree, this couldn't be opposing this idea.
Attaining Financial Inclusion through Ijarah Contract: Assessing the Potentials of Ijarah-Wa-Iqtina in Venture Financing of Tricycles in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Bako Muhammad , Aliyu Shehu U. R.
Published: April 2020

Ijarah-wa-iqtina, also known as Al-Ijarah Thummal Al-Bay (AITAB) is a leasing contract where the ownership of the leased asset is transferred to the lessee at the end of the leasing contract. With the inception of Ja’iz Bank Nigeria Plc, the product has grown in the Ja’iz Bank’s housing and auto-finance. Despite this popularity, majority of small scale businesses especially tricycle operators in Kano metropolis are still not aware of the product and the benefits attached to it. This research assesses the potentials of Ijarah-wa-iqtina in financing tricycle operation in Kano using a multiple regression model from a sample of 311 respondents. The study found myriad of problems associated with conventional mode financing arrangements prior to ijarah-wa-iqtina. It was also established that religious inclinations of respondents have strong influence on potential benefits from switching to ijarah-wa-iqtina. The paper recommends that Islamic financial institutions and well-to-do business persons in Kano metropolis on the need to promote both formal and non-formal Islamic finance among tricycles operators via ijarah-wa-iqtina.
Economic- Juristic Analysis of Usury in Consumption and Investment Loans and Contemporary Jurisprudence Shortages in Exploring Legislator Commandments
Authors: Bidabad Bijan
Published: April 2020

In this article, by analyzing the deduction methodology of jurisprudence commandments, we try to touch the existing shortages in its methodological aspects. By discussing on different sources of Islamic jurisprudence like the Quran, Sunna (Tradition), consensus, intellect, fame, analogy, preference, public interest considering, blocking the means, we will explicates that the divine authority (person who is allowed by the messenger or by someone whom messenger has allowed him) has been ignored in religious deduction, and thus these different ideas have emerged in Islamic commandments. In this regards, juristic decrees may be compared, which are different and even conflict solutions to a unique problem or question. These conflicts enlighten two important propositions.

The juristic deduction methodology needs revision.

Ignorance to theosophy principle of jurisprudence is the main source of conflicts.

By defining and analyzing usury and interest in an economic-juristic frame and specifically in the Quran and with respect to wisdom or theosophy principle in jurisprudence to distinguish usury and non-usury finance, we conclude:

The loaner must share in profit and loss of the economic activity of the loan receiver.

The rate of interest-because of inability to determine the capital productivity rate a priori- should not be determined and conditioned in advance.

Receiving interest in consumption loans is usury and not allowed.

Transformation of credit and deposit markets’ oscillations to the real sector is the main initiation of real sector economic fluctuations. Respect to wisdom (theosophy) principle of religious legislation, and by introducing a mathematical model, we show that usury causes economic fluctuations and by deleting usury from the economy, we conclude that real economy will be more stable.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402329
Squandering in Ethic Economics: Consumer and Producer Behaviors Analysis
Authors: Bidabad Bijan
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This paper investigates the effects of squandering on the economic behavior of consumer and firm. Moreover, we analyze consumer work-leisure behavior from the squandering viewpoint.

Findings: Commodity squandering creates no utility for the consumer. Just the "(real) consumption (usage)" satisfies the preference ordering rules of consumer behavior and the "squandered" commodities do not satisfy these rules. Definitionally, consumption is equal to "real usage" plus "squandered" commodities. Thence, the consumer will lose some parts of her utility because of squandering (because of lost resources). The amount of lost income resources due to squandering should be recompensated by more works to preserve the consumer's welfare constant. Squandering effects in total productivity, non-optimal allocation of production factors, product wastage, and product decay are analyzed as less productivity and less supply of products due to squandering. According to this analysis, theoretically, it can be concluded that squandering will decrease the leisure and its corresponding utility of human being.

Social implications: If the ethic economics' doctrine affects the consumption pattern, this process will moderate consumption. Otherwise, the society will move toward exploiting all of her capital to: "just produce-just consume". The latter will be intensified by knowledge-based economic progress. 

JEL: D11, D21, Z12, D19, D24

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402339
Marketing of Financial Service: Evidence from Nigeria Financial Market
Authors: Lucky Lucky Anyike
Published: April 2020

Nigeria financial market is emerging, the growth in institutions and products require a marketing strategy that will meet the needs of growing population. This study examined marketing of financial services. It discussed financial service products, segmentation of financial products, brands in financial market, financial service marketing environment, marketing of financial service through the internet, distribution channels of financial products, strength, weakness, opportunities and threat of Nigeria financial market, the needs for marketing of financial services, features of financial products and pricing of financial products. The study concludes that marketing of financial services is a determinant of financial inclusion, therefore policies and strategies should be advanced by management and regulators in the financial market.
An Empirical Study on Family Related Issues in Health Sector
Authors: Kusuma G.D.V. , Lakshmi B. Vijaya , Kumar B. Ravi
Published: April 2020

This study "Women in Profession" is conducted on the basis of my observation and interaction with working women, especially professional women and the realization of the fact that they are passing through strenuous period of adjustment between work at home and profession. In order to get to the root of the problem it seemed necessary to study women in their social relations at work and to discover the processes whereby their social relations have changed over time. The present study is an attempt to depict the family related issues in selected hospitals.
Review on Effects of Logistics Practices and Information Sharing on Supply Chain Performance
Authors: Gebisa Diriba Ayele
Published: April 2020

Today companies no longer compete merely as an independent business but rather as supply chains. Individual businesses no longer operate in isolation and neither should their strategic orientation be wholly individualistic. This attracted supply chain management concept to be used. Supply chain management primarily designed by firms to get competitive advantage over the rival firms and to overcome the intense global competition coming from globalization, innovation, free trade and economic cooperation formed in different region. The concept led to cooperation and integration among firms and with their suppliers, distributors, consumers, and transport agency. It is totally systematic coordination and management from upstream to downstream paths of an organization. The importance and research interest in supply chain management are growing from time to time; however, the number of professional materials and well-organized review literature is limited relative to the growing trend of the area. Therefore, this paper reviewed different supply chain management articles, reports, and books by concentrating on logistics practices and information sharing on supply chain performance to develop a well-organized research article that advances supply chain management understanding. Under the logistics practices, the major variables discussed were the effect of the road network, transportation cost, facility location, waiting time, inventory management and mode of transportation, whereas the effect information sharing discussed from the viewpoints of the level of information sharing and quality of information on supply chain performance.
Shari‘ah Governance: An Islamic Economic System
Authors: Barghouthi Orobah Ali
Published: April 2020

This paper examines the roots of shari‘ah in order to provide a solid theoretical foundation that is needed for understanding Islamic jurisprudence in general and Islamic transactional law in particular. Without this minimum understanding of shaiī‘ah, it would be rather difficult to discuss Shari‘ah governance.
The Critical Appraisal of Limited North European Corporate Governance Standards after Global Crisis, Corporate Scandals and Market Manipulation
Authors: Ngoc Huy Dinh Tran
Published: April 2020

This paper mainly analyzes principles and standards of some international and North European corporate governance frameworks which are issued during or after the global crisis.First, it looks at the United Nation Good corporate governance practices and analyzes its strengths and impacts on corporate governance model of a company.Second, it compared the UN standards to generally accepted governance standards of Sovereign Wealth Funds. The paper finds out that during the global crisis time 207-2008, despite taking care of risk management, there still lacks of certain governance standards in these 2 Codes. Then, it analyzes some relative good corporate governance standards in a few North European countries including: Norway and Finland.Third, this paper provides with a short summary of evaluation of these above 2 corporate governance principles in 2 groups which can enable corporations tocompare to their current codes.Last but not least, it aims to realize a limited general set of standards of corporate governance and give proper recommendations to relevant governments and organizations. Additionally, it includes a section for recommending corporate governance for developing countries including Viet Nam.
Effect of conversion from azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil on renal function in stable kidney transplant recipients
Authors: USTA Mehmet , ERSOY Alparslan , AYAR Yavuz
Published: April 2020

Abstract Aim: This study investigated the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MPA) treatment instead of azathioprine (AZA) on renal function after kidney transplantation. Methods: Thirteen of all recipients were taking a cyclosporine-based regimen and serum creatinine levels were above 1.5 mg/dL. In 13 patients, MPA treatment was started instead of AZA. Renal functions were evaluated for 12 months after MPA treatment. Results: Serum creatinine levels increased from 2.11±0.48 mg/dL to 2.16±0.72 mg/dL at 12th months. This increase was not statistically significant. Serum creatinine levels decreased in 5 of 13 patients. Conclusion: In selected patients, conversion from AZA to MPA may slow down the rate of deterioration in graft functions.
Plâtre de Paris. Las maquetas de Le Corbusier y Charles Lasnon (1922-1938). Diálogos sobre la materia y la forma
Authors: De la Cova Morillo-Velarde M.A.
Published: April 2020

El atelier Le Corbusier-Jeanneret encargó a Charles-Augustin Lasnon-Dussaussay las maquetas de yeso de los proyectos de villas presentados en los Salones de Otoño de 1922 y 1923, así como las de sus propuestas para las ciudades de Argel y Nemours realizadas durante los años treinta. Estas maquetas son las primeras expresiones en tres dimensiones del pensamiento arquitectónico de Le Corbusier: realizadas para ser fotografiadas, publicadas y expuestas, son también una primera aproximación a la construcción de la forma, en las que la materia y el color juegan un papel predominante. Perteneciente a una saga parisina de mouleurs o artesanos del yeso, Charles Lasnon añade a la tradición artesanal un conocimiento avanzado en estereofotogrametría militar, que aplicó a la realización de las carte-reliefs como colaborador habitual del Service Geographique de la Armée.  Durante toda su trayectoria, los vínculos de Le Corbusier con ciertos artesanos para llevar a cabo su obra es una característica de su producción artística, conjugando con ellos tradición e innovación. En este caso, el resultado son las pequeñas arquitecturas de sus maquetas que, más allá de su condición representativa, son diálogos mediante juegos de escala sobre la materia y la forma.
Recensions
Authors: Varios Autores
Published: April 2020

Marta Sequeira, Towards a public space: Le Corbusier ant the Greco-Latin Tradition in the modern city / Xavier Monteys

 Danièle Pauly, Dessins de Le Corbusier. Catalogue raisonné, Tome I 1902-1916 / Rémi Baudouï
Estilística de corpus: uma ponte entre os estudos linguísticos e literários
Authors: Mahlberg Michaela , Carneiro Raphael Marco Oliveira , Novodvorski Ariel
Published: April 2020

Tradução
Size-dependence in chord characteristics from simulated and observed continental shallow cumulus
Authors: Griewank Philipp J. , Heus Thijs , Lareau Neil P. , Neggers Roel  A. J.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In this study, we compare long-term lidar observations against a full month of large eddy simulations of continental shallow cumulus clouds. The goal is to evaluate if the simulations can reproduce the mean observed vertical velocity and moisture structure of cumulus clouds, and to establish if these properties depend on the size of the cloud. We propose methods to compare continuous chords of cloud detected from Doppler and Raman lidars with equivalent chords derived from 1D and 3D model output. While the individual chords are highly variable, composites of thousands of observed and millions of simulated chords contain a clear signal. We find that the simulations underestimate cloud size and fraction, but successfully reproduce the observed structure of vertical velocity and moisture perturbations. There is a clear scaling of vertical velocity and moisture anomalies below the chords with chord size, but the moisture anomalies are only 1–2 % higher than the horizontally mean values. The differences between the observations and simulations is smaller than the difference in sampling the modelled chords in time or space. The shape of the vertical velocity and moisture anomalies from cloud chords sampled spatially from 3D model snapshots is almost perfectly symmetric. In contrast, the chords sampled temporally from the lidar observations and 1D model output have a marked asymmetry with stronger updrafts and higher moisture anomalies occurring earlier on.
Validation of acetonitrile (CH3CN) measurements in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere from the SMILES instrument on the International Space Station
Authors: Fujinawa Tamaki , Sato Tomohiro O. , Yamada Takayoshi , Nara Seidai , Uchiyama Yuki , Takahashi Kodai , Yoshida Naohiro , Kasai Yasuko
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is a volatile organic compound (VOC) and a potential tracer of biomass burning.
We evaluated the capability of using observations derived from the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station (ISS) to measure CH3CN profiles.
The error in a CH3CN vertical profile from the Level-2 research (L2r) product version 3.0.0 was estimated by theoretical error analysis and also compared with other instrumental measurements.
We estimated the systematic and random errors to be ∼5.8 ppt (7.8 %) and 25 ppt (60 %), respectively, for a single observation at 15.7 hPa in the tropics, where the CH3CN measurements are enhanced.
The major source of systematic error was the pressure-broadening coefficient, and its contribution to the total systematic error was approximately 60 % in the middle stratosphere (15.7–4.8 hPa).
The random error decreased to less than 40 % after averaging 10 profiles in the pressure range of 28.8–1.6 hPa.
The total error due to uncertainties in other molecular spectroscopic parameters (2.8 ppt) was comparable to that of CH3CN spectroscopic parameters.
We compared the SMILES CH3CN profiles with those of the microwave limb sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite (version 4.2).
The SMILES CH3CN values were consistent with those from MLS within the standard deviation (1σ) of the MLS observations.
The difference between the SMILES and MLS CH3CN profiles increased with altitude and was within 20–35 ppt (20 %–260 %) at 15.7–1.6 hPa.
We observed discrepancies of 5–10 ppt (10 %–30 %) between the SMILES CH3CN profiles observed by different spectrometers, and hence, we do not recommend merging SMILES CH3CN profiles derived from different spectrometers.
We found that the SMILES CH3CN volume mixing ratio (VMR) in the upper stratosphere has a seasonal maximum in February.
Retrieval of daytime mesospheric ozone using OSIRIS observation of O2(a1∆g) emission
Authors: Li Anqi , Roth Chris , Pérot Kristell , Christensen Ole Martin , Bourassa Adam M. , Degenstein Doug , Murtagh Donal
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Improving knowledge of the ozone global distributions in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) is a crucial step in understanding the behaviour of the middle atmosphere. However, the ozone concentration under sunlit conditions in the MLT is often so low that its measurement requires instruments with very high sensitivity. Fortunately, the bright oxygen airglow can serve as a proxy to retrieve the daytime ozone density indirectly, due to the strong connection to ozone photolysis in the Hartley band. The OSIRIS IR imager (hereafter IRI), one of the instruments on the Odin satellite, routinely measures the oxygen infrared atmospheric band (IRA band) at 1.27 μm. In this paper, we will describe the detailed steps of retrieving the calibrated IRA band limb radiance, the volume emission rate of O2(a1∆g) and, finally, the ozone number density. This retrieval technique is applied to a one-year-sample IRI dataset. The resulting product is a completely new ozone dataset with very high along-track resolution. The performance of the retrieval technique is demonstrated by a comparison of the coincident ozone measurements from the same spacecraft, as well as zonal mean and monthly average comparisons between OS, SMR, MIPAS and ACE-FTS. The consistency of this IRI ozone dataset implies that such a retrieval technique can be further applied to all the measurements made throughout the 19 years-long mission, leading to a long-term, high resolution dataset in the middle atmosphere.