bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of data in stock assessment models with misspecified initial abundance and fishery selectivity
Authors: Altuna‐Etxabe Miren , Garcia Dorleta , Ibaibarriaga Leire , Huynh Quang C. , Murua Hilario , Carruthers Thomas R.
Published: May 2024

The age‐structured assessment model available in the MSEtool R package assesses stock status and exploitation for varying data availability, from limited to rich datasets. We investigated model accuracy in relation to data availability, population exploitation levels, initial population assumption and fishery selectivity misspecification. Estimates were accurate in all conditions when data were available for a stock in an unfished state. However, for estimates to be accurate without complete exploitation data, total catch and abundance index data needed to span more than two stock generations. When the data time series was shorter than two generations, fishery mean lengths spanning one generation improved relative estimates (e.g. depletion), but precise estimates of unfished recruitment required fishery age‐ or length‐structured data.
Improvement in gait velocity variability after cerebrospinal fluid elimination and its relationship to clinical symptoms in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Yamamoto Takahiro , Fujito Ryoko , Chadani Yoshihiro , Kashibayashi Tetsuo , Kamimura Naoto , Tsuda Atsushi , Akamatsu Masanori , Matsushita Takuya , Yamagami Takuji , Ueba Tetsuya , Saito Motoaki , Inoue Keiji , Izumi Masashi , Kazui Hiroaki
Published: May 2024

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the improvement in gait velocity variability after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) elimination, and the association between gait velocity variability and gait and cognitive impairment in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Methods

The gait velocity of 44 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus was measured using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) for a total of 10 times over 3 days each before and after CSF elimination. The coefficient of variation (CV) in the time required for the sequence of actions in TUG (TUG‐CV) was calculated using 10 TUG data, and used for measuring intraindividual gait velocity variability. Gait quality was evaluated with the Gait Status Scale Revised (GSSR), and cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the Frontal Assessment Battery.

Results

The TUG, TUG‐CV, GSSR and Frontal Assessment Battery results improved significantly after CSF elimination. The analyses using pre‐CSF elimination results showed that the TUG‐CV significantly and positively correlated with the TUG and GSSR results, and negatively with Mini‐Mental State Examination results, but not with age and the Frontal Assessment Battery results. The stepwise multiple regression analysis indicates that the TUG, GSSR and Mini‐Mental State Examination results were significant predictors of the TUG‐CV. The analysis using data of change after CSF elimination showed that ΔTUG and ΔGSSR were significant predictors of ΔTUG‐CV.

Conclusions

Gait velocity variability improved after CSF elimination, and gait velocity variability was associated with gait disturbances and cognitive impairment in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 693–699.
Dynamics and correlation between volatile compounds and microbial community in chestnut rice wine fermentation
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Xiaohui , Li Mingyuan , Wei Cunhong , Xiao Mingchun , Xiao Jingjing , Zhang Yaqi , Chang Xuedong , Zou Jing
Published: May 2024

Chestnut rice wine, also called banli mijiu (BLMJ), uses Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) in the fermentation of traditional glutinous rice wine. This study characterised the microbial communities and volatile compounds in BLMJ and explored their correlations. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) revealed that the major volatile compounds during BLMJ fermentation include eighteen important volatile compounds (OAV > 1). High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) demonstrated that the abundance and diversity of bacteria were significantly greater than those of fungi during the fermentation process. Among them, Kropensteria and Saccharomyces were the most abundant bacteria and fungi at the genus level during the fermentation of BLMJ. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that eighteen important volatile compounds were significantly positively correlated with seven microbial genera (|r| > 0.9, P < 0.01), including six bacterial genera (Rhodococcus, Lactococcus, Pseudomonas, Janthinobacterium, Unclassified_f_Bacillaceae and Burkholderia‐Caballeronia‐Paraburkholderia) and one fungal genus (Saccharomyces). Therefore, these bacterias and fungi may be core functional microorganisms during BLMJ fermentation. The findings may provide important reference for mediating the microbial community during fermentation to improve the flavour of BLMJ.
Multiple sclerosis and the intestine: Chasing the microbial offender
Authors: Peters Anneli , Gerdes Lisa Ann , Wekerle Hartmut
Published: May 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 2.8 million people worldwide but the distribution is not even. Although over 200 gene variants have been associated with susceptibility, studies of genetically identical monozygotic twin pairs suggest that the genetic make‐up is responsible for only about 20%–30% of the risk to develop disease, while the rest is contributed by milieu factors. Recently, a new, unexpected player has entered the ranks of MS‐triggering or facilitating elements: the human gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge of microbial effects on formation of a pathogenic autoreactive immune response targeting the distant central nervous system and delineate the approaches, both in people with MS and in MS animal models, which have led to this concept. Finally, we propose that a tight combination of investigations of human patients with studies of suitable animal models is the best strategy to functionally characterize disease‐associated microbiota and thereby contribute to deciphering pathogenesis of a complex human disease.
An Optimised Optional Randomised Response Technique
Authors: Pushadapu Kavya , Singh Sarjinder , Sedory Stephen A.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we begin by reviewing the optional randomised response technique estimator (ORRTE) developed by Chaudhuri and Mukerjee for estimating the proportion of a sensitive characteristic in a population. We show that their estimator is unbiased and has smaller variance than the Warner's estimator. Then we make an attempt at developing an optimised optional randomised response technique estimator (OORRTE). The proposed OORRTE is shown to be more efficient than the ORRTE. Findings from simulation studies are discussed and interpreted for various situations. Sample sizes for the Warner's estimator, the ORRTE and the OORRTE are computed based on power analysis introduced by Ulrich, Schroter, Striegel and Simon. Finally, we include an application to real data on COVID‐19 by considering it to be partially sensitive variable; that is, sensitive to some but not to others. The data used are included in the paper and the R‐codes used in the simulation study are documented in online material.
Evaluating the quality of home care in community health service centres: A machine learning approach
Authors: Xia Qiujie , Huang Qiyuan , Li Jingjie , Xu Yue , Ge Song , Zhang Xiao , Li Mei , Yu Dehong , Tang Xianping , Xia Youbing
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aim of the study is to develop a model using a machine learning approach that can effectively identify the quality of home care in communities.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated the quality of home care in 170 community health service centres between October 2022 and February 2023. The Home Care Service Quality Questionnaire was used to collect information on home care structure, process and outcome quality. Then, an intelligent and comprehensive evaluation model was developed using a convolutional neural network, and its performance was compared with random forest and logistic regression models through various performance indicators.

Results

The convolutional neural network model was built upon seven variables, which encompassed the qualification of home nursing staff, developing and practicing emergency plan to cope with different emergency rescues in home environment, being equipped with medication and supplies for first aid according to specific situations, assessing nutrition condition of home patients, allocation of the number of home nursing staff, cases of new pressure ulcers and patient satisfaction rate. Remarkably, the convolutional neural network model demonstrated superior performance, outperforming both the random forest and regression models.

Conclusion

The successful development and application of the convolutional neural network model highlight its ability to leverage data from community health service centres for rapid and accurate grading of home care quality. This research points the way to home care quality improvement.

Impact

The model proposed in this study, coupled with the aforementioned factors, is expected to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of a comprehensive evaluation of home care quality. It will also help managers to take purposeful measures to improve the quality of home care.

Reporting Method

The reporting of this study (Observational, cross‐sectional study) conforms to the STROBE statement.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The application of this model has the potential to contribute to the advancement of high‐quality home care, particularly in lower‐middle‐income communities.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting cognitive frailty in patients on maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Qin Tong , Fan Chun , Liu Qingwei , Wang Jizhe , Zhu Xiuli
Published: May 2024

Aims

This study aimed to construct a nomogram for predicting the risk of cognitive frailty in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.

Design

An explorative cross‐sectional design was adopted.

Methods

From April 2022 to July 2022, 496 participants were recruited from five haemodialysis centres in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. Participants with cognitive frailty were screened by Frailty Phenotype scale and Mini‐Mental State Examination. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression were utilized to determine predictors. The predictive performance of the nomogram was validated by calibration and discrimination. Decision curve analysis was used to assess clinical utility. Internal validation was implemented using 1000 bootstrap samples to mitigate overfitting.

Results

The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 17.5% (n = 87). Six risk predictors, namely health empowerment, alexithymia, age, educational level, marital status and dialysis vintage, were screened and used to develop a nomogram model. The nomogram had satisfactory discrimination and calibration, and decision curve analysis revealed considerable clinical utility.

Conclusions

A nomogram incorporated with the six risk predictors was developed, and it exhibited excellent prediction performance. The nomogram may strengthen the effective screening of patients at high risk of cognitive frailty.

Impact

This study established a tool for healthcare staff to predict cognitive frailty probability and identify risk factors in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. The nomogram can meet the needs of personalized care and precision medicine simultaneously.

Patient or Public Contribution

Data were collected from patients on maintenance haemodialysis by using questionnaire survey.

Reporting Method

STROBE checklist was used.
Hypoxia‐related THBD+ macrophages as a prognostic factor in glioma: Construction of a powerful risk model
Authors: Tang Weichun , Du Juntao , Li Lin , Hu Shangshang , Ma Shuo , Xue Mengtong , Zhu Linlin
Published: May 2024

Glioma is a prevalent malignant tumour characterized by hypoxia as a pivotal factor in its progression. This study aims to investigate the impact of the most severely hypoxic cell subpopulation in glioma. Our findings reveal that the THBD+ macrophage subpopulation is closely associated with hypoxia in glioma, exhibiting significantly higher infiltration in tumours compared to non‐tumour tissues. Moreover, a high proportion of THBD+ cells correlates with poor prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Notably, THBD+ macrophages exhibit hypoxic characteristics and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition features. Silencing THBD expression leads to a notable reduction in the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells. Furthermore, we developed a THBD+ macrophage‐related risk signature (THBDMRS) through machine learning techniques. THBDMRS emerges as an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients with a substantial prognostic impact. By comparing THBDMRS with 119 established prognostic features, we demonstrate the superior prognostic performance of THBDMRS. Additionally, THBDMRS is associated with glioma metastasis and extracellular matrix remodelling. In conclusion, hypoxia‐related THBD+ macrophages play a pivotal role in glioma pathogenesis, and THBDMRS emerges as a potent and promising prognostic tool for GBM, contributing to enhanced patient survival outcomes.
Formation of tendinous intersections in the human fetal rectus abdominis
Authors: Iwasa Yui , Kanahashi Toru , Matsubayashi Jun , Imai Hirohiko , Otani Hiroki , Yamada Shigehito , Takakuwa Tetsuya
Published: May 2024

Previous studies have poorly described the initial development process of the tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM). The present study aimed to observe the formation of tendinous intersections in the RAM during the early fetal period using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Fifteen human fetal specimens (crown‐rump length [CRL]: 39.5–93.7 mm) were selected. Three‐dimensional measurements revealed that Zone‐4 (i.e., the zone between the pubic symphysis and the caudal base of the umbilical ring in the RAM) had a smaller width and was thicker than Zone‐1 and Zone‐2 (i.e., the zones between the costal arch and the cranial base of the umbilical ring) and Zone‐3 (i.e., the zone at the umbilical ring). Characteristics of tendinous intersections in the RAM during the early fetal period were assessed according to number, size, type, laterality, and sex. The mean number of tendinous intersections on both sides was 3.1 (range: 2.0–4.0), and 21% of specimens had only two tendinous intersections, which was higher than that reported in previous adult studies. The present data suggest that the formation of tendinous intersections was still in progress in specimens with two tendinous intersections in the RAM and that the third tendinous intersection was formed in Zone‐2. Ordinal logistic regression via generalized estimating equations revealed that the odds for a higher type of tendinous intersections in Zone‐1 and Zone‐2 were significantly higher than those in Zone‐4 (adjusted odds ratio: 14.85, 8.84). The odds for the presence of incomplete types (tendinous intersections that could not completely transverse the RAM) in Zone‐3 were significantly higher than those in Zone‐1 (adjusted odds ratio: 7.4). The odds for missing tendinous intersections in Zone‐4 were significantly higher than those in Zone‐1 (adjusted odds ratio: 20.5). These zonal differences in the formation of tendinous intersections were consistent with those observed in previous adult studies. In this study, DTI detected tendinous intersections in a sample with a CRL of 45.8 mm (approximately 11 weeks of gestation), which is earlier than that in previous histological findings, indicating that the RAM does not have mature tendinous intersections until the 17th week of gestation. In conclusion, DTI could detect the premature differentiation of tendinous intersection formation. Our data may aid in elucidating the developmental processes of tendinous intersections in the RAM.
Emerging digital inequality in early life: Parenting and differential usage of digital devices among urban preschoolers in China
Authors: Liu Airan , Li Wangyang , Li Minyi
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the following questions: (1) how Chinese preschoolers’ usage of digital devices differ by their family socioeconomic status (SES), and (2) how socioeconomic differences in children's usage of digital devices can be accounted for by parents’ digital parenting attitudes and behaviors.

Background

Scholars in social stratification and inequality have warned about “Digital Inequality” and argued that the fact that people from different socioeconomic backgrounds differ in their access to digital equipment and their knowledge of how to use digital devices effectively would eventually contribute to social inequality. Unfortunately, most of the current studies on digital inequality focus on the population of adults or adolescents; whether and how digital inequality emerges in early life remains heavily understudied.

Methods

We use data from Early Childhood Study‐The Great Bay Area (ECS‐GB), a regional representative survey conducted in 2018 and designed to assess preschool children's social‐emotional and cognitive development in Guangdong, a coastal province in South China. Our analytical sample consists of 11,445 preschool children aged from 3 to 6 with urban hukou.

Results

Our results show that compared with children from lower‐SES families, preschoolers from higher‐SES families spend less time on digital devices daily, are less likely to use digital devices for prolonged time, and spend significantly less time on non‐education purposed and leisure activities. These socioeconomic differences in children's digital usage in terms of time and types of activities are attributable to the fact that parents of higher SES families impose more restrictions, provide more guidance to their children's digital activities, and are more conscious about their children's digital usage in daily life.

Conclusion

In contemporary China, digital inequality emerges in early life and such inequality is closely related to family's digital parenting practices.
Reflections on race/ethnicity categorisations
Authors: van Andel Chantal E. E.
Published: May 2024

Reflecting on Danquah's Cross‐cutting Edge article, van Andel argues it is critical to argue why an identity aspect, such as ethnicity, needs taken into account to deliver optimal care if we are to avoid the risks of misclassification.
Optimizing multiple equipment scheduling for U‐shaped automated container terminals considering loading and unloading operations
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Hong Ziyan , Xi Haoning , Li Jingwen
Published: May 2024

U‐shaped automated container terminals (ACTs) represent a strategic design in port infrastructure that facilitates simultaneous loading and unloading operations. This paper addresses the challenges of scheduling multiple types of equipment, such as dual trolley quay cranes (DTQCs), automated guided vehicles (AGVs), double cantilever rail cranes (DCRCs), and external trucks (ETs) in U‐shaped ACTs. This paper proposes a mixed integer linear programming model for optimizing the multiple equipment scheduling, aiming to minimize container completion time and AGV waiting time simultaneously. This paper customizes a hybrid genetic‐cuckoo optimization algorithm (HGCOA) with double‐point crossover and Lévy flight Cuckoo search strategies. Extensive numerical results show that the proposed HGCOA outperforms the benchmark genetic algorithms in terms of solution quality and computational time while significantly improving efficiency without substantial sacrifices in solution quality compared with the exact solution method. Overall, this study presents a promising solution for enhancing coordination and operation efficiency in U‐shaped ACTs.
Exploring factors of adherence to weight loss interventions in population with overweight/obesity: an umbrella review
Authors: Wang Deng , Benito Pedro J. , Rubio‐Arias Jacobo Á. , Ramos‐Campo Domingo J. , Rojo‐Tirado Miguel A.
Published: May 2024

Adherence is key for achieving the optimal benefits from a weight loss intervention. Despite the number of studies on factors that promote adherence, their findings suggest inconsistent and fragmented evidence. The aim of this study was to review the existing factors of adherence to weight loss interventions and to find factors that facilitate the design of effective intervention programs. Six databases were searched for this umbrella review; after the screening process, 21 studies were included. A total of 47 factors were identified in six groups as relevant for adherence: (i) sociodemographic (n = 7), (ii) physical activity (n = 2), (iii) dietary (n = 8), (iv) behavioral (n = 4), (v) pharmacological (n = 3), and (vi) multi‐intervention (n = 23). In addition, a map of adherence factors was created. The main findings are that with respect to demographic factors, the development of personalized intervention strategies based on the characteristics of specific populations is encouraged. Moreover, self‐monitoring has been shown to be effective in behavioral, dietary, and multi‐interventions, while technology has shown potential in dietary, behavioral, and multi‐interventions. In addition, multi‐interventions are adherence‐promoting strategies, although more evidence is required on adherence to pharmacological interventions. Overall, the factor map can be controlled and modified by researchers and practitioners to improve adherence to weight loss interventions.
Reduction of MRONJ risk after exodontia by virtue of ozone infiltration: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Di Fede Olga , La Mantia Gaetano , Del Gaizo Carmine , Mauceri Rodolfo , Matranga Domenica , Campisi Giuseppina
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Exodontia is commonly considered as a risk factor for the development of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in individuals exposed to bone modifying agents. This study was aimed at assessing the efficiency and safety of a gaseous oxygen–ozone mixture as an adjuvant to a standard exodontia to reduce the risk of MRONJ development.

Methods

A randomized, open‐label, phase II, single‐center clinical trial involving 117 patients at risk of MRONJ was conducted. The study protocol tested injections of an oxygen–ozone mixture in the post‐extraction site. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: oxygen‐ozone therapy, and standard tooth extraction protocol. Post‐extraction wound healing was assessed using the Inflammatory Proliferative Remodeling (IPR) Wound Healing Scale.

Results

The oxygen‐ozone therapy group exhibited a significant improvement in wound healing post‐extraction during the inflammatory and proliferative phases, as indicated by the IPR scale scores at 3–5 days (p = 0.006) and 14 days (p < 0.001) respectively.

Conclusion

Oxygen–ozone therapy shows promise in improving post‐extraction healing in patients at risk of MRONJ. Future studies with larger sample sizes and multicenter collaborations are recommended to confirm the validity of these findings and explore the long‐term efficacy of ozone therapy.
Baseline masticatory muscles' performance may predict pain relief in temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Rosati Riccardo , Val Matteo , Manfredini Daniele , Carmagnola Daniela , Fortunati Claudia , Guarda‐Nardini Luca , Dellavia Claudia
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To compare masticatory muscles' recruitment in patients with temporomandibular disorders and asymptomatic control subjects. To evaluate if the masticatory muscles' recruitment pattern may predict symptoms' improvement after temporomandibular disorders treatment.

Materials and Methods

Standardized surface electromyography of anterior temporalis and superficial masseters muscles were recorded and compared at baseline in 26 patients with arthrogenous temporomandibular disorders (study group) and 26 asymptomatic subjects (control group). The study group was treated pharmacologically and by means of five arthrocentesis sessions. Pre‐, during‐, and post‐treatment pain and mandibular function were assessed and compared among timepoints. Clinical improvement in terms of pain and mandibular function was correlated with pre‐treatment standardized surface electromyography values.

Results

Temporomandibular disorders patients showed improved maximum mouth opening and pain during and after treatment with arthrocentesis compared to baseline (T‐test p < 0.01). Standardized surface electromyography values were significantly different in temporomandibular disorders subjects compared to controls (T‐test p < 0.05). Improvement in pain at rest after treatment was inversely correlated with pre‐treatment masseters standardized surface electromyography symmetry (R‐coefficient 0.3936; p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Temporomandibular disorders patients showed a different muscular recruitment pattern compared to controls. The lesser the pre‐treatment masseters symmetry, the greater the improvement of pain at rest after treatment.
The property and function of proteins undergoing liquid‐liquid phase separation in plants
Authors: Yang Xuejiao , Huang Yang , Xia Pengguo
Published: May 2024

A wide variety of membrane‐less organelles in cells play an essential role in regulating gene expression, RNA processing, plant growth and development, and helping organisms cope with changing external environments. In biology, liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) usually refers to a reversible process in which one or more specific molecular components are spontaneously separated from the bulk environment, producing two distinct liquid phases: concentrated and dilute. LLPS may be a powerful cellular compartmentalisation mechanism whereby biocondensates formed via LLPS when biomolecules exceed critical or saturating concentrations in the environment where they are found will be generated. It has been widely used to explain the formation of membrane‐less organelles in organisms. LLPS studies in the context of plant physiology are now widespread, but most of the research is still focused on non‐plant systems; the study of phase separation in plants needs to be more thorough. Proteins and nucleic acids are the main components involved in LLPS. This review summarises the specific features and properties of biomolecules undergoing LLPS in plants. We describe in detail these biomolecules' structural characteristics, the mechanism of formation of condensates, and the functions of these condensates. Finally, We summarised the phase separation mechanisms in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation.
Association of HLA B‐ and T‐cell molecular mismatches with HLA antibodies, rejection, and graft survival in pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Gramkow Ann‐Maria , Baatrup Johanne H. , Gramkow Emilie T. , Thiesson Helle C. , Koefoed‐Nielsen Pernille
Published: May 2024

Background

Optimizing graft survival and diminishing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sensitization are essential for pediatric kidney transplant recipients. More precise HLA matching predicting epitope mismatches could reduce alloreactivity. We investigated the association of predicted HLA B‐ and T‐cell molecular mismatches with the formation of de novo donor‐specific antibodies, HLA antibodies, rejection, and graft survival.

Methods

Forty‐nine pediatric kidney transplant recipients transplanted from 2009 to 2020 were retrospectively studied. Donors and recipients were high‐resolution HLA typed, and recipients were screened for HLA antibodies posttransplant. HLA‐EMMA (HLA Epitope MisMatch Algorithm) and PIRCHE‐II (Predicted Indirectly ReCognizable HLA Epitopes) predicted the molecular mismatches. The association of molecular mismatches and the end‐points was explored with logistic regression.

Results

Five recipients (11%) developed de novo donor‐specific antibodies. All five had de novo donor‐specific antibodies against HLA class II, with four having HLA‐DQ antibodies. We found no associations between PIRCHE‐II or HLA‐EMMA with de novo donor‐specific antibodies, HLA sensitization, graft loss, or rejection. However, we did see a tendency towards an increased odds ratio in PIRCHE‐II predicting de novo donor‐specific antibodies formation, with an odds ratio of 1.12 (95% CI: 0.99; 1.28) on HLA class II.

Conclusion

While the study revealed no significant associations between the number of molecular mismatches and outcomes, a notable trend was observed – indicating a reduced risk of dnDSA formation with improved molecular match. It is important to acknowledge, however, that the modest population size and limited observed outcomes preclude us from making definitive conclusions.
The causal relationship between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid diseases: A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Zhang Yunxuan , Liu Wanshu , Huang Xuhao , Luo Xiaoyan , Wang Hua
Published: May 2024

Background

Vitiligo is an acquired autoimmune depigmented disorder characterized by the presence of white and well‐defined patches on the skin, mucous membrane, or both. It is associated with a significant disease burden and has a profoundly impacts patients' quality of life. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) result from an autoimmune system dysregulation, leading to an erroneous immune attack on the thyroid gland. Previous observational and epidemiological studies have suggested the association between vitiligo and AITDs. However, the bidirectional cause‐effect relationship between vitiligo and AITDs has not been formally assessed.

Method

Two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to explore potential causal relationships between genetically increased risk of vitiligo and AITDs, using summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies in European populations. Causal effects were primarily estimated using the inverse variance weighted method, and additional quality control was performed using the MR‐Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weight mode methods. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the results.

Results

The forward MR analysis showed a positive causal relationship between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AIH), and Graves' disease (GD). The odds ratio (OR) were 1.17 (95% CI, 1.01–1.35; p = 0.04), 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03–1.22; p = 0.01), and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06–1.20; p < 0.01), respectively. In the reverse MR analysis, a positive causal relationship was found between AIT and vitiligo, with an OR of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01–1.35; p = 0.04). However, no causal relationship was observed between AIH (p = 0.10) or GD (p = 0.61) and vitiligo. Sensitivity analysis revealed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.

Conclusions

The genetic‐level investigation provides evidence of a genetic causal association between susceptibility to vitiligo and an increased risk of AITDs. Additionally, the results demonstrate a genetic causal association between susceptibility to AIT and an increased risk of vitiligo, while not indicating a similar association with susceptibility to AIH or GD.
WARBA Dance Steps of Ganzourgou: Conflict Prevention and Resolution in Burkina Faso
Authors: OUEDRAOGO Boukaré , NANA Brigitte , OUEDRAOGO Mamoudou
Published: May 2024

In the Ganzourgou province, an ancestral ludomotor activity is practiced: the warba, a traditional dance on which the Moaga society has engraved its mechanisms of prevention and resolution of conflicts that often oppose its members. It is a dance that conveys through body gestures, deep messages whose objectives are, among others, the quest for social cohesion. To grasp the different articulations of this traditional dance of prevention and conflict regulation, a stay was made in Ganzourgou where a participatory observation was carried out on the intangible cultural heritage of this people. From the analysis of the results, it appears that the warba dance steps such as the Laadem-lacre or the Kar-valga implemented under the instrumental air during sacred or profane dance ceremonies, convey messages that consolidate social relations. However, the results also show that this reference social practice is under the influence of modern and African-inspired dances, thus leading to its gradual disappearance. To face this influence, research suggests the revitalization of this local knowledge of the Moose people of Ganzourgou, bearer of endogenous values of conflict regulation, and its inclusion in school curricula and in the practice of maintenance sport.
Corrosion and wear performance of β-Ti based biomedical shape memory alloys
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Yunfei , Feng Xinxin , Cao Xinjian , Liu Xiao , Wang Haizhen , Yi Xiaoyang , Meng Xianglong , Gao Zhiyong
Published: May 2024

The corrosion performances and tribological behaviors of β-type Ti–V–Al based biomedical shape memory alloys were systematically investigated through electrochemical experiments and reciprocating friction and wear tests. The results revealed significant distinctions in corrosion performances between the Ti–V–Al–Zr and Ti–V–Al–Sn shape memory alloys, which can be attributed to the difference in the types of oxides formed during the corrosion process. In comparison, Ti–V–Al based shape memory alloys exhibited superior corrosion properties by adding an Sn alloying element. In addition, adding the moderate Sn alloying element could significantly improve the wear resistance compared with Ti–V–Al–Zr shape memory alloys. In summary, the present study provided a theoretical basis for the selection of Ti–V–Al based shape memory alloys applied for various biomedical fields.
Rab1b facilitates lipid droplet growth by ER–to–lipid droplet targeting of DGAT2
Authors: Malis Yehonathan , Armoza-Eilat Shir , Nevo-Yassaf Inbar , Dukhovny Anna , Sklan Ella H. , Hirschberg Koret
Published: May 2024

Lipid droplets (LDs) comprise a triglyceride core surrounded by a lipid monolayer enriched with proteins, many of which function in LD homeostasis. How proteins are targeted to the growing LD is still unclear. Rab1b, a GTPase regulating secretory transport, was recently associated with targeting proteins to LDs in a Drosophila RNAi screen. LD formation was prevented in human hepatoma cells overexpressing dominant-negative Rab1b. We thus hypothesized that Rab1b recruits lipid-synthesizing enzymes, facilitating LD growth. Here, FRET between diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and Rab1b and activity mutants of the latter demonstrated that Rab1b promotes DGAT2 ER to the LD surface redistribution. Last, alterations in LD metabolism and DGAT2 redistribution, consistent with Rab1b activity, were caused by mutations in the Rab1b–GTPase activating protein TBC1D20 in Warburg Micro syndrome (WARBM) model mice fibroblasts. These data contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of Rab1b in LD homeostasis and WARBM, a devastating autosomal-recessive disorder caused by mutations in TBC1D20.
Particle uptake in cancer cells can predict malignancy and drug resistance using machine learning
Authors: Goldstein Yoel , Cohen Ora T. , Wald Ori , Bavli Danny , Kaplan Tommy , Benny Ofra
Published: May 2024

Tumor heterogeneity is a primary factor that contributes to treatment failure. Predictive tools, capable of classifying cancer cells based on their functions, may substantially enhance therapy and extend patient life span. The connection between cell biomechanics and cancer cell functions is used here to classify cells through mechanical measurements, via particle uptake. Machine learning (ML) was used to classify cells based on single-cell patterns of uptake of particles with diverse sizes. Three pairs of human cancer cell subpopulations, varied in their level of drug resistance or malignancy, were studied. Cells were allowed to interact with fluorescently labeled polystyrene particles ranging in size from 0.04 to 3.36 μm and analyzed for their uptake patterns using flow cytometry. ML algorithms accurately classified cancer cell subtypes with accuracy rates exceeding 95%. The uptake data were especially advantageous for morphologically similar cell subpopulations. Moreover, the uptake data were found to serve as a form of “normalization” that could reduce variation in repeated experiments.
Quasi-waffle solar distiller for durable desalination of seawater
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Wei Tianqi , Wang Yue , Zeng Jinjue , Wang Tao , Wang Qi , Zhang Shuo , Zeng Mengyue , Wang Fengyue , Dai Pengcheng , Jiang Xiangfen , Hu Ming , Zhao Jin , Hu Zheng , Zhu Jia , Wang Xuebin
Published: May 2024

Water purification via interfacial solar steam generation exhibits promising potential. However, salt crystallization on evaporators reduces solar absorption and obstructs water supply. To address it, a waffle-shaped solar evaporator (WSE) has been designed. WSE is fabricated via a zinc-assisted pyrolysis route, combining low-cost biomass carbon sources, recyclable zinc, and die-stamping process. This route enables cost-effective production without the need of sophisticated processing. As compared to conventional plane-shaped evaporators, WSE is featured by extra sidewalls for triggering the convection with the synergistic solute and thermal Marangoni effects. Consequently, WSE achieves spontaneous salt rejection and durable evaporation stability. It has demonstrated continuous operation for more than 60 days in brine without fouling.
CLUH maintains functional mitochondria and translation in motoneuronal axons and prevents peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Zaninello Marta , Schlegel Tim , Nolte Hendrik , Pirzada Mujeeb , Savino Elisa , Barth Esther , Klein Ines , Wüstenberg Hauke , Uddin Tesmin , Wolff Lisa , Wirth Brunhilde , Lehmann Helmar C. , Cioni Jean-Michel , Langer Thomas , Rugarli Elena I.
Published: May 2024

Transporting and translating mRNAs in axons is crucial for neuronal viability. Local synthesis of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins protects long-lived axonal mitochondria from damage; however, the regulatory factors involved are largely unknown. We show that CLUH, which binds mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins, prevents peripheral neuropathy and motor deficits in the mouse. CLUH is enriched in the growth cone of developing spinal motoneurons and is required for their growth. The lack of CLUH affects the abundance of target mRNAs and the corresponding mitochondrial proteins more prominently in axons, leading to ATP deficits in the growth cone. CLUH interacts with ribosomal subunits, translation initiation, and ribosome recycling components and preserves axonal translation. Overexpression of the ribosome recycling factor ABCE1 rescues the mRNA and translation defects, as well as the growth cone size, in CLUH-deficient motoneurons. Thus, we demonstrate a role for CLUH in mitochondrial quality control and translational regulation in axons, which is essential for their development and long-term integrity and function.
Ultrastrong and ductile medium-entropy alloys via hierarchical ordering
Authors: Gu Lei , Zhao Yonghao , Li Yong , Hou Rui , Liang Fei , Zhang Ruisheng , Wu Yinxing , Fan Yong , Liang Ningning , Zhou Bing , Chen Yang , Sha Gang , Chen Guang , Wang Yandong , Chen Xiang
Published: May 2024

Long-range ordered phases in most high-entropy and medium-entropy alloys (HEAs/MEAs) exhibit poor ductility, stemming from their brittle nature of complex crystal structure with specific bonding state. Here, we propose a design strategy to severalfold strengthen a single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc) Ni
2
CoFeV MEA by introducing trigonal κ and cubic L1
2
intermetallic phases via hierarchical ordering. The tri-phase MEA has an ultrahigh tensile strength exceeding 1.6 GPa and an outstanding ductility of 30% at room temperature, which surpasses the strength-ductility synergy of most reported HEAs/MEAs. The simultaneous activation of unusual dislocation multiple slip and stacking faults (SFs) in the κ phase, along with nano-SF networks, Lomer-Cottrell locks, and high-density dislocations in the coupled L1
2
and fcc phases, contributes to enhanced strain hardening and excellent ductility. This work offers a promising prototype to design super-strong and ductile structural materials by harnessing the hierarchical ordered phases.
DNMT3B splicing dysregulation mediated by SMCHD1 loss contributes to DUX4 overexpression and FSHD pathogenesis
Authors: Engal Eden , Sharma Aveksha , Aviel Uria , Taqatqa Nadeen , Juster Sarah , Jaffe-Herman Shiri , Bentata Mercedes , Geminder Ophir , Gershon Adi , Lewis Reyut , Kay Gillian , Hecht Merav , Epsztejn-Litman Silvina , Gotkine Marc , Mouly Vincent , Eiges Rachel , Salton Maayan , Drier Yotam
Published: May 2024

Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing 1 (SMCHD1) is a noncanonical SMC protein and an epigenetic regulator. Mutations in SMCHD1 cause facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), by overexpressing DUX4 in muscle cells. Here, we demonstrate that SMCHD1 is a key regulator of alternative splicing in various cell types. We show how SMCHD1 loss causes splicing alterations of DNMT3B, which can lead to hypomethylation and DUX4 overexpression. Analyzing RNA sequencing data from muscle biopsies of patients with FSHD and Smchd1 knocked out cells, we found mis-splicing of hundreds of genes upon SMCHD1 loss. We conducted a high-throughput screen of splicing factors, revealing the involvement of the splicing factor RBM5 in the mis-splicing of DNMT3B. Subsequent RNA immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that SMCHD1 is required for RBM5 recruitment. Last, we show that mis-splicing of DNMT3B leads to hypomethylation of the D4Z4 region and to DUX4 overexpression. These results suggest that DNMT3B mis-splicing due to SMCHD1 loss plays a major role in FSHD pathogenesis.
Streptococcus agalactiae
glycolipids promote virulence by thwarting immune cell clearance
Authors: Joyce Luke R. , Kim Sol , Spencer Brady L. , Christensen Priya M. , Palmer Kelli L. , Guan Ziqiang , Siegenthaler Julie A. , Doran Kelly S.
Published: May 2024

Streptococcus agalactiae
[group B
Streptococcus
(GBS)] is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis, with late-onset disease (LOD) occurring after gastrointestinal tract colonization in infants. Bacterial membrane lipids are essential for host-pathogen interactions, and the functions of glycolipids are yet to be fully elucidated. GBS synthesizes three major glycolipids: glucosyl-diacylglycerol (Glc-DAG), diglucosyl-DAG (Glc
2
-DAG), and lysyl-Glc-DAG (Lys-Glc-DAG). Here, we identify the enzyme, IagB, as responsible for biosynthesis of Glc-DAG, the precursor for the two other glycolipids in GBS. To examine the collective role of glycolipids to GBS virulence, we adapted a murine model of neonatal meningitis to simulate LOD. The GBS∆
iagB
mutant traversed the gut-epithelial barrier comparable to wild type but was severely attenuated in bloodstream survival, resulting in decreased bacterial loads in the brain. The GBS∆
iagB
mutant was more susceptible to neutrophil killing and membrane targeting by host antimicrobial peptides. This work reveals an unexplored function of GBS glycolipids with their ability to protect the bacterial cell from host antimicrobial killing.
Freeform metasurface color router for deep submicron pixel image sensors
Authors: Kim Changhyun , Hong Jongwoo , Jang Junhyeok , Lee Gun-Yeal , Kim Youngjin , Jeong Yoonchan , Lee Byoungho
Published: May 2024

Advances in imaging technologies have led to a high demand for ultracompact, high-resolution image sensors. However, color filter–based image sensors, now miniaturized to deep submicron pixel sizes, face challenges such as low signal-to-noise ratio due to fewer photons per pixel and inherent efficiency limitations from color filter arrays. Here, we demonstrate a freeform metasurface color router that achieves ultracompact pixel sizes while overcoming the efficiency limitations of conventional architectures by splitting and focusing visible light instead of filtering. This development is enabled by a fully differentiable topology optimization framework to maximize the use of the design space while ensuring fabrication feasibility and robustness to fabrication errors. The metasurface can distribute an average of 85% of incident visible light according to the Bayer pattern with a pixel size of 0.6 μm. The device and design methodology enable the compact, high-sensitivity, and high-resolution image sensors for various modern technologies and pave the way for the advanced photonic device design.
Evaluating initial usability of a hand augmentation device across a large and diverse sample
Authors: Clode Dani , Dowdall Lucy , da Silva Edmund , Selén Klara , Cowie Dorothy , Dominijanni Giulia , Makin Tamar R.
Published: May 2024

The advancement of motor augmentation and the broader domain of human-machine interaction rely on a seamless integration with users’ physical and cognitive capabilities. These considerations may markedly fluctuate among individuals on the basis of their age, form, and abilities. There is a need to develop a standard for considering these diversity needs and preferences to guide technological development, and large-scale testing can provide us with evidence for such considerations. Public engagement events provide an important opportunity to build a bidirectional discourse with potential users for the codevelopment of inclusive and accessible technologies. We exhibited the Third Thumb, a hand augmentation device, at a public engagement event and tested participants from the general public, who are often not involved in such early technological development of wearable robotic technology. We focused on wearability (fit and control), ability to successfully operate the device, and ability levels across diversity factors relevant for physical technologies (gender, handedness, and age). Our inclusive design was successful in 99.3% of our diverse sample of 596 individuals tested (age range from 3 to 96 years). Ninety-eight percent of participants were further able to successfully manipulate objects using the extra thumb during the first minute of use, with no significant influences of gender, handedness, or affinity for hobbies involving the hands. Performance was generally poorer among younger children (aged ≤11 years). Although older and younger adults performed the task comparably, we identified age costs with the older adults. Our findings offer tangible demonstration of the initial usability of the Third Thumb for a broad demographic.