bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Waste from Two-Phase Olive Oil Extraction as an Additive in Ceramic Material
Authors: Cotes Palomino M.T. , Martínez García Carmen , Iglesias Godino F.J. , Eliche Quesada D. , Pérez Latorre Francisco José , Calero de Hoces F.M. , Corpas Iglesias F.A.
Published: September 2015

The properties of ceramic materials are intimately related to a variety of factors, among them shaping procedure and sintering time. These factors condition, the microstructure and properties of the materials developed. Our study has formed materials from clays commonly used in the area of Bailén (Jaén) and wet pomace proceeding from the extraction of olive oil. The materials were shaped through extrusion. In this study, raw materials have been characterized and studied interesting properties of sintered materials, such as compressive strength, water absorption, open porosity or bulk density.
The study concluded that the addition of wet pomace from olive oil industry into traditional brick entails a saving of raw materials and reducing the environmental impact generated by their manufacture. The best results are obtained for the samples with waste content of 3 wt %.
Impact of introduction of culture-based fisheries on fish production and socio-economic conditions of fishers in Ampara wewa, a medium perennial reservoir
Authors: Pushpalatha K.B. Chandrani , Chandrasoma Jayantha , Fernando W.M.J. Rohitha
Published: September 2015

Introduction of culture-based fisheries (CBF) in minor perennial reservoirs is a recent development in Sri Lanka. CBF was introduced to Ampara wewa, (240 ha at FSL), a medium-sized perennial reservoir situated in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. Main activities involved in introduction of CBF were reorganization and strengthening of community-based fishers’ organization (CBO), training of CBO members, preparation of a development plan, stocking, introduction of fishery management measures and harvesting. Main species used in stocking was Nile tilapia. Other species used were catla, rohu and freshwater prawn (FWP).Introduction of CBF resulted in an increase of total average annual fish production of the reservoir from 5.6 to 118.1 tonnes. Main contributors to fish production after establishment of CBF were Nile tilapia (82.2%), catla (12.7%) and rohu (2.4%). Biomass gain of fish per fingerling of Nile tilapia, catla, rohu and freshwater prawn were 0.23, 0.45, 0.14 and 0.0048 respectively. Monetary gains for stocking a fingerling of tilapia, catla and rohu were Rs. 27.11, 38.59 and 10.87 respectively. Stocking of FWP had a negative monetary gain.With the establishment of CBF, number of full time fishers engaged in fishing increased from 13 to 33. In addition there were 22 part-time fishers. Similarly number of fish traders engaged in selling fish from Ampara wewa increased from 3 to 13. Average monthly income of a fisher was Rs. 40,360 after the establishment of CBF, which was a five-fold increase from pre-CBF period. Higher income has resulted in enhanced standard of living among fishers. Thirty percent of the fishers built new houses, and 70% improved/expanded existing houses. Sixty six percent of full time fishers purchased motor bicycles, whereas 39.3% purchased three-wheelers utilizing enhanced income from CBF. All 33 full-time fishers had saving accounts and 66% of the full-time fishers saved money in banks in the name of their dependents.
Co–management of the fishery of Senanayake Samudra, a large perennial reservoir in Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando W.M.J. Rohitha , Chandrasoma Jayantha , Pushpalatha K.B. Chandrani , Kulathilaka Mahinda
Published: September 2015

There are about 170,000 ha of perennial reservoirs in Sri Lanka and the inland fisheries of these reservoirs are well documented. The fisheries production in these reservoirs in 2013 was 55,000 tonnes, accounting for about 11.0% of the total fish production in the country. More than 80% of the inland fish production comes from medium and major perennial reservoirs (>250 ha.). Procedure existed for reservoir fisheries management was through a centralized management authority and fisher communities were not involved in decision making for management of fisheries.In 2004, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources introduced a strategy to get stakeholders involved for sustainable management of reservoir fisheries. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the strategy introduced for the fisheries management in Senanayake Samudra (7,793 ha at FSL), the largest perennial reservoir in Sri Lanka.Introduced strategy for management of the fishery had all ingredients of a co–management system. Stakeholders were fisheries authorities from the central government, fishers, wildlife authorities and the police. Tasks required for the sustainable management of fisheries were identified through active participation of stakeholders, which in turn were allocated to relevant parties. All stakeholders were consulted in the decision making process aimed at sustainable development. Relevant strategies were formulated in consensus with all stakeholders.Introduction of co-management to the fishery has resulted in significant decrease in the use of illegal fishing gear as well as unauthorized fishing. Further, direct involvement of members of community-based organization (CBO) resulted in the availability of reliable data on catch and effort. Introduction of management measures facilitated a significant increase in fish production. The process of collective decision making and responsibilities of stakeholders has reduced conflicts and contributed to long term sustainability. Fisher CBO has already observed benefits in the form of increased income due to enhanced fish catches.
Diurnal variation in the feeding patterns and food preferences of Dwarf panchax (Aplocheilus parvus)
Authors: Fernando G.K.A.W , Jayakody S. , Wijenayake W.M.H.K. , Galappaththy G.N.L. , Yatawara M. , Harishchandra R.D.J. , Wanninayake W.M.T.B. , Deniyage S.L.
Published: September 2015

The food and feeding studies of fish are useful to explore the possibilities of using them for various purposes such as aquaculture and biological control of problematic organisms. In the current study feeding patterns and diet composition of Aplocheilus parvus (E: Killi fish/Drawft panchax), a common surface feeding predator inhabiting freshwater systems were explored. A. parvus was collected from an abandoned brick pit in Pannala in 2012. Twelve fish were caught every two hours for 24 hours. Plankton net was used to obtain a representative sample of food items present in the system. Gut fullness, total and standard length of fish, total weight and gut weight were determined and using copepod as an arbitrary unit, total numbers of food items of individual fishes were estimated. The time at which active feeding occurred was established from total food particle amount and relative gut weight. Diet of A. parvus mainly consisted of adult or larval stages of insects and copepods. Also, gut had a higher fullness in day time compared to night. The peak gut fullness occurred during 1630 in males whilst females had the peak gut fullness at 1230. Copepods were detected mostly during late morning, whilst insect parts and coleopterans were present in all time periods. Main food items detected in the environment in descending order of abundance were copepods, filamentous algae and insects. This study demonstrated that A. parvus selectively preys on insects compared to other aquatic food sources during day time.
Growth, survival and immune responses of juvenile common carp Cyprinus carpio fed with diets enriched with α- tocopheryl acetate
Authors: Parakrama M.G.I.S. , Heenatigala P.P.M.
Published: September 2015

Cyprinus carpio is a popular food fish species and is stocked regularly in reservoirs of Sri Lanka. However in semi-intensive aquaculture, growth and survival of this species are very low resulting in high production cost. The present study was carried out to determine the growth, survival and immune enhancement to pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophyla of juvenile common carp fed with tocopheryl acetate augmented formulated feed. Experimental set up included four treatments each with three replicates arranged in completely randomized design. Initial total weight of the experimental individuals ranged from 200 to 320 g. Experimental fish, which were stocked in 150 cm x 150 cm x 60 cm cement tanks were fed twice a day. The four treatments were; non-enriched commercial feed (T1), non-enriched formulated feed (T2), formulated feed enriched with Tocopheryl Acetate (TA) 2 mg (T3) and formulated ration enriched with TA 4 mg (T4). After the end of the feed trial, experimental animals were exposed to 5 ppm A. hydrophila concentration for 5 minutes duration. The highest Specific Growth Rate (SGR) (1.21) was observed in treatment T4, followed by Control treatment T1 (1.16), which were not significantly different from T3 (1.11). The lowest SGR (1.04) was recorded for T2. The highest (93%) and the lowest (69%) survival were observed in T4 and T3 respectively. The lowest Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) (1.61) was also observed in T4. In T3 and control, they were 1.93 and 1.96 respectively. The highest FCR was also observed in T2 (2.14). No mortality was recorded in T4 after exposing to bacteria concentration while it was 20% in T3. The highest percentage mortality (60%) was recorded from T2 followed by the control (40%). Results indicate that enrichment of prepared feed using Tocopheryl Acetate gives a good growth rate, good survival, hence reducing the production cost. Further, results indicate that Tocopheryl Acetate positively enhances the immunity of the experimental fishes to Aeromonas infection.
Community structure of zooplankton and trophic status of some inland reservoirs in the low country intermediate zone of Sri Lanka
Authors: Sangakkara S.M.A.I. , Wijeyaratne M.J.S.
Published: September 2015

Diversity and abundance of zooplankton in relation to nitrate–N and total phosphorus levels of 20 minor and medium scale reservoirs in the low country intermediate zone of Sri Lanka were studied in June-October 2013. Total phosphorus content ranged from 0.029 mg L-1 recorded in Wendaruwewa reservoir to 0.529 mg L-1 recorded in Karangamuwa reservoir and Nitrate-N content varied from 1.186 mg L-1 recorded in Adukkane reservoir to 5.625 mg L-1 recorded in Anukkane reservoir indicating that all reservoirs studied are eutrophic. During the present study, a total of 43 species of zooplankton, comprising 31 species of rotifers, 9 species of cladocerans and 3 species of copepods were recorded. Number of zooplankton species in any one reservoir, which ranged from 4 to 13, was significantly correlated with the nitrate-N content (p<0.05). The most widely distributed zooplankton species was Diacyclops nanus, which was present in 15 reservoirs. Abundance of zooplankton ranged from 4 individuals L-1 recorded for Alona monocantha and Chydorus parvus in Wendaruwewa and Metiyagane reservoirs respectively to 1017 individuals L-1 recorded for Filinia terminalis in Galewela reservoir. Margalef index which ranged from 0.532 in Adukkane reservoir to 2.096 in Dewahuwa reservoir, was significantly correlated with nitrate-N content of water (p<0.05). Pielou index ranging from 0.65 in Galewela reservoir to 0.92 in Polpitiya reservoir and Shannon-Weiner index ranging from 0.91 in Munamaldeniya reservoir to 2.13 in Dewahuwa reservoir were not significantly correlated with nitrate-N and total phosphorus levels of water (p>0.05). Keratella quadrata was present only in Anukkane reservoir where the nitrate-N content was the highest and therefore it may be considered as a bio-indicator of high levels of nitrate-N. Eutrophic conditions of theses reservoirs may possibly be due to runoff of nutrients from agricultural fields as these are located in an intense agricultural area. Therefore, it is necessary to take immediate action to control the overuse of inorganic fertilizer in this area so that contamination of water bodies with nutrients can be minimized.
Influenza vaccination is safe and effective in patients suffering from fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Ablin J. N. , Aloush V. , Brill A. , Berman M. , Barzilai M. , Caspi D. , Mandelboim M. , Levartovsky D. , Polachek A. , Wolman Y. , Paran D. , Barkagan M. , Elkayam O.
Published: September 2015

The fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is considered to result from the exposure of a genetically susceptible individual to various triggers, such as physical trauma, stress, viral infections etc. A possible role of vaccination in FMS etiology has been suspected. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of influenza vaccination in FMS patients. Nineteen FMS patients underwent physical and dolorimetric examinations and answered the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), the widespread pain index (WPI) checklist and the symptoms severity scale (SSS), which are part of the 2010 diagnostic criteria. Thirty-eight healthy subjects were recruited as controls. All participants were vaccinated with the inactivated split virion influenza vaccine. Serum was collected for antibody titration. Six weeks after vaccination, sera were tested by hemagglutination (HI) against A/California (H1N1), A/Perth (H3N2) and B/Brisbane. Humoral response was defined as either a fourfold or greater increase in titer, or an increase from a non-protective baseline level of <1/40 to a level of 1/40. No severe vaccination reactions were observed. No significant change was observed between WPI, SSS and FIQ values before and after vaccination, indicating no worsening of FMS symptoms. Vaccine immunogenicity: Six weeks after vaccination, FMS patients showed a significant increase in geometric mean titers of HI antibody. The rates of sero-protection increased from 22.9% for H1N1 to 89.5% post-vaccination. A significant increase in HI antibody titers was also demonstrated among healthy controls. Influenza vaccination was both safe and effective in FMS patients. In view of these results, FMS patients should be encouraged to undergo influenza vaccination according to the standard WHO recommendations.
A checklist of the plants of the forests and grasslands in the Weza district, southern KwaZulu-Natal and a review of their status in the Red Data List
Authors: Grieve Graham R.H. , Downs Colleen T.
Published: September 2015

Eastern mistbelt forests are naturally fragmented forests with grassland which occur from the Eastern Cape to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. These were heavily logged by colonial settlers and continue to be harvested despite being protected. Consequently we documented a checklist of the plants of the forests and grasslands in the Weza district (3029DA WEZA), southern KwaZulu-Natal, including Ngeli Forest and nearby indigenous forest patches to highlight their biodiversity status and need for conservation. We also reviewed their status in the Red Data List. Of the 1554 records included in this summary of plant species for the Weza district, there were 6 lichens (0.4%), 46 bryophytes (3.0%), 58 pteridophytes (3.7%), 6 gymnosperms (0.4%) and the remaining 1424 species angiosperms (92.5%). Of the angiosperms, 27.3% were monocotyledons and 72.7% were dicotyledons. The most species-rich family was Asteraceae (239 species) followed by Fabaceae (115 species), Liliaceae (used for purposes of comparison against older studies – 89 species), Orchidaceae (89 species), Iridaceae (59 species), Poaceae (58 species), Asclepidaceae (again used for purposes of comparison against older studies – 57 species), Scrophulariaceae (42 species), Euphorbiaceae (32 species), Lamiaceae (32 species) and Rubiaceae (27 species). These 10 families each comprised more than 2% of the species in the list. Together they contributed 55% of the angiosperm species and 34.1% of the angiosperm genera. The biodiversity and conservation value of the study area are conserved pockets of eastern mistbelt forest, Drakensberg foothill moist grassland and mistbelt grassland. More than 4% of the species are under some degree of threat, as was evidenced by the number of species regarded as endangered (5), vulnerable (18), near threatened (10), critically rare (1), rare (20) or declining (11) amongst the 1554 species covered in the list.Conservation implications: In terms of taxa under some degree of threat, number of endemic and near endemic species the biodiversity and conservation value of the Ngele (3029DA WEZA) area is reinforced. This necessitates that the area is appropriately protected from invasive alien species, and uncontrolled and illegal use by the neighbouring communities.
Psychological capital, subjective well-being, burnout and job satisfaction amongst educators in the Umlazi region in South Africa
Authors: Hansen Andrea , Buitendach Johanna H. , Kanengoni Herbert
Published: September 2015

Orientation: Challenges faced by educators in South Africa are increasing due to their working conditions, which in turn affects the educators’ enthusiasm towards their jobs. Change will likely be witnessed when educators are able to attain a positive and rewarding life, develop and flourish as individuals.Research purpose: This study sought to investigate the relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap), subjective well-being, burnout and job satisfaction and to explore whether PsyCap mediates the relationship between subjective well-being and burnout.Motivation for the study: The study is premised on the fact that enhancing the positive attributes and strengths of educators can have a positive impact not only on their performance and commitment, but also on the satisfaction of students.Research approach, design and method: This cross-sectional study used a biographical questionnaire, PsyCap questionnaire, satisfaction with life scale, burnout inventory and Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire to collect data from 103 educators.Main findings: Findings indicated statistically significant relationships between PsyCap, subjective well-being, burnout and job satisfaction. PsyCap was found to mediate the relationship between subjective well-being and burnout.Managerial implications: PsyCap mediates the relationship between subjective well-being and burnout. Organisations can minimise burnout through the enhancement of positive capacities inherent in PsyCap and the aiding potential of subjective well-being.Contribution/value-add: The findings highlighted the aiding potential of subjective wellbeing as well as the possible resources PsyCap, subjective well-being and job satisfaction can provide in times of distress.
Utilization and incorporation of tumor volume data in staging and prognostication of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive radiotherapy: A systematic review
Authors: Ahlawat Parveen , Rawat Sheh , Kakria Anjali , Pal Manoj , Chauhan Deepika , Khurana Ruparna , Tandon Sarthak
Published: September 2015

Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) are a group of heterogeneous tumors, evident by their diverse behavior and natural history. The largest diameter of tumor measured for T classification may not necessarily reflect the true tumor dimension. There is a need to take into account certain other feature(s) of these tumors other than the maximum single dimension which can reflect the true tumor burden more accurately. Tumor volume has been shown to be a useful and accurate tool burden because it is a measurement of tumor burden in all three dimensions. This review article has compiled and reviewed the literature published in past on impact of tumor volumes (TVs) on the prognosis of head and neck cancers. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed for terms “clonogens,” “TV” or “primary TV (PTV)” or “nodal volume” or “total TV (TTV)” or “volumetric analysis of TV in head and neck” or “predicting response in head and neck cancer” “prognostic factors head and neck cancers” and “outcome in head and neck cancer.” We identified 33 studies which have commented on the impact of TV in HNSCC on treatment outcome, 9 of these had analyzed PTV, 11 studies had analyzed total nodal volume, and 14 studies have analyzed TTV. Besides these, we have dealt with laryngeal cancers separately with 9 studies. This review article is also aimed to enhance our knowledge further regarding how best a physician can incorporate TV data in staging and predicting response to radiotherapy.
Neuroendocrine tumor of larynx: A review of literature
Authors: Kumar L , Armugham N , Triveni B , Krishna M
Published: September 2015

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx are rare but are the most common nonsquamous tumors of this organ. There are 4 different types of laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors composed of paraganglioma, typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid tumor, and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Carcinoids and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are epithelial neoplasms, whereas paragangliomas are of neural origin. Diagnosis is based primarily on light microscopy and confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Precise diagnosis is essential because the natural history, treatment, and prognosis vary widely for the different neoplastic categories. Typical carcinoids are very rare and are treated by wide local excision, usually partial laryngectomy, without elective neck dissection. Atypical carcinoid tumors are more common and more aggressive. They are treated by partial or total laryngectomy with elective or therapeutic neck dissection. Adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy may be of benefit in some cases. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are highly aggressive and should be considered disseminated at initial diagnosis. The treatment is by irradiation and chemotherapy as surgery has proven to be of a little benefit. Paragangliomas are treated by local excision or partial laryngectomy.
From Gospel to Gates: Modal Blending in African-American Musical Discourse before the Signifyin(g) Monkey
Authors: Coady Christopher
Published: September 2015

Despite its origins in the literary realm, Henry Louis Gates The Signfiyin(g) Monkey: A Theory of African-American literary criticism has become a standard methodological text for the study of African-American music. Those who embrace the theory accept as the foundation of their argument an apparent link between African-American linguistic and musical realms. This short paper locates the origin of this type of modal blending in research into the rhetorical practices of Gospel services in the United States during the early 1970s. It posits that this body of work established a consensus in the field of Cultural Studies over the affinity of linguistic/musical practices in African-American culture and demonstrates that this understanding was used to justify the application of Gates theory to musical analysis in the 1990s. The ubiquity of Gates theory in the study of African-American music today is therefore shown to be the result of interdisciplinary collaboration rather than the legacy of any one particular individual.
Thermal-optical analysis for the measurement of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in ambient air a literature review
Authors: Karanasiou A. , Minguillón M. C. , Viana M. , Alastuey A. , Putaud J.-P. , Maenhaut W. , Panteliadis P. , Močnik G. , Favez O. , Kuhlbusch T. A. J.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Thermal-optical analysis is currently under consideration by the European standardization body (CEN) as the reference method to quantitatively determine organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in ambient air. This paper presents an overview of the critical parameters related to the thermal-optical analysis including thermal protocols, critical factors and interferences of the methods examined, method inter-comparisons, inter-laboratory exercises, biases and artifacts, and reference materials. The most commonly used thermal protocols include NIOSH-like, IMPROVE_A and EUSAAR_2 protocols either with light transmittance or reflectance correction for charring. All thermal evolution protocols are comparable for total carbon (TC) concentrations but the results vary significantly concerning OC and especially EC concentrations. Thermal protocols with a rather low peak temperature in the inert mode like IMPROVE_A and EUSAAR_2 tend to classify more carbon as EC compared to NIOSH-like protocols, while charring correction based on transmittance usually leads to smaller EC values compared to reflectance. The difference between reflectance and transmittance correction tends to be larger than the difference between different thermal protocols. Nevertheless, thermal protocols seem to correlate better when reflectance is used as charring correction method. The difference between EC values as determined by the different protocols is not only dependent on the optical pyrolysis correction method, but also on the chemical properties of the samples due to different contributions from various sources. The overall conclusion from this literature review is that it is not possible to identify the "best" thermal-optical protocol based on literature data only, although differences attributed to the methods have been quantified when possible.
Development of a highly sensitive spectral camera for cartilage monitoring using fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Kuehn A. , Graf A. , Wenzel U. , Princz S. , Mantz H. , Hessling M.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The Ulm University Medical Center and the Ulm University of Applied Sciences are developing a bioreactor to grow facial cartilage using the methods of tissue engineering. To ensure a sufficient quality of the cartilage prior to implantation, the cartilage growth has to be monitored continuously. Current cartilage analysis methods are destructive so that analysed cartilage sample is no longer suitable for implantation. Alternatively, it seems feasible to analyse cartilage during the cultivation process and before implantation using fluorescence spectroscopy after UV light excitation. This approach is non-invasive and allows an evaluation of the cartilage in terms of composition and quality. Cultured cartilage implants can reach sizes of several square centimetres and therefore it is necessary to examine it over its entire area. For recording fluorescence spectra of different spots of the cartilage sample, a highly sensitive spectral camera is being developed in two steps. The first step is a one-dimensional spectral camera that is able to record fluorescence spectra along a sample line. The second step enables the detection of spectra over the required two-dimensional sample area. This approach is based on computed tomography imaging spectrometry (CTIS) and allows non-invasive distinguishing of the most important cartilage compounds collagen I and collagen II.
Recent trends in daily rainfall extremes over Montenegro (1951–2010)
Authors: Burić D. , Luković J. , Bajat B. , Kilibarda M. , Živković N.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. More intense rainfall may cause a range of negative impacts upon society and the environment. In this study we analysed trends in extreme ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) rainfall indices in Montenegro for the period between 1951 and 2010. Montenegro has been poorly studied in terms of rainfall extremes, yet it contains the wettest Mediterranean region known as Krivošije. Several indices of precipitation extremes were assessed including the number of dry days and rainfall totals in order to identify trends and possible changes. A spatial pattern relationship between extreme rainfall indices and the North Atlantic Oscillation has also been examined. The results generally suggest that the number of days with precipitation decreased while rainfall intensity increased, particularly in south-western parts of the country. A slight tendency towards intense rainfall events is suggested. The examined rainfall indices and North Atlantic Oscillation over Montenegro seemed to be directly linked to changes in one of the major large-scale circulation modes such as the NAO pattern that is particularly evident during the winter season.
Soil biochemical properties in brown and gray mine soils with and without hydroseeding
Authors: Thomas C. , Sexstone A. , Skousen J.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Surface coal mining in the eastern USA disturbs hundreds of hectares of land every year and removes valuable and ecologically diverse eastern deciduous forests. Reclamation involves restoring the landscape to approximate original contour, replacing the topsoil, and revegetating the site with trees and herbaceous species to a designated post-mining land use. Re-establishing an ecosystem of ecological and economic value as well as restoring soil quality on disturbed sites are the goals of land reclamation, and microbial properties of mine soils can be indicators of restoration success. Reforestation plots were constructed in 2007 using weathered brown sandstone or unweathered gray sandstone as topsoil substitutes to evaluate tree growth and soil properties at Arch Coal's Birch River mine in West Virginia, USA. All plots were planted with 12 hardwood tree species and subplots were hydroseeded with a herbaceous seed mix and fertilizer. After 6 years, the average tree volume index was nearly 10 times greater for trees grown in brown (3853 cm3) compared to gray mine soils (407 cm3). Average pH of brown mine soils increased from 4.7 to 5.0, while gray mine soils declined from 7.9 to 7.0. Hydroseeding doubled tree volume index and ground cover on both mine soils. Hydroseeding doubled microbial biomass carbon (MBC) on brown mine soils (8.7 vs. 17.5 mg kg−1), but showed no effect on gray mine soils (13.3 vs. 12.8 mg kg−1). Hydroseeding also increased the ratio of MBC to soil organic C in both soils and more than tripled the ratio for potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) to total N. Brown mine soils were a better growth medium than gray mine soils and hydroseeding was an important component of reclamation due to improved biochemical properties and microbial activity in mine soils.
The Effectiveness of Applying Multimedia Web-Based Technologies in Culinary Skills Training
Authors: Hsu Liwei , Chang Chien Ming-Yu , Chang Chien Ming-Yu
Published: September 2015

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of the use of multimedia web-based technologies in culinary skills training with a mixed method. One hundred high school students of hospitality programme in Taiwan were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups respectively using multimedia web-based educational technologies and traditional educational methods, with two dishes (one basic and one advanced) as target contents to be learned and delivered. The findings indicated that the experimental group performed better on both dishes. The effect size validated the applicability of multimedia web-based technologies in culinary skills training. A focus group of 10 interviewees from the experimental group were formed for qualitative part of research. Furthermore, results of focus group interviews revealed that convenience was mentioned by eight interviewees as a benefit of the experimental instructional method, while the ability to present material with captions was seen as the most significant functionality.
Coming Unhinged:
Authors: Gold Alexandra
Published: September 2015

This paper examines the dialogic exchange between New York School poet Frank O’Hara's long poem, “In Memory of My Feelings,” and contemporary painter Jasper John's eponymous piece, In Memory of My Feelings—Frank O’Hara that converges both on a fluid negotiation of artistic modes and on a discourse of “the body.” Conferred permission to “read” John's art or envision O’Hara's poem, these pieces promulgate a sense of de-familiarization that not only transforms the audience's embodied response, but that equally problematizes a binary between the private and public spheres. So, too, does the continual movement—the artists’ and our own—between surface (body/public) and interior (feelings/private) complicate divisions between subject and object, sexual conformity and difference, and life and death. For both O’Hara and Johns there is a fundamental tension between corporeal presence and absence, bodily avowal and negation, that has traction in the artists’ shared male homosexual identity. The deconstructive impulse in these works therefore illuminates the bodily self as inevitable artifice—literally a skilled “making by art.” The body becomes an index that lives on only through “touch” and “memory,” and the paper concludes with a discussion of two O’Hara/Johns post-“Feelings” pieces, which actualize this effect.
Bao-yu and the Second Self:
Authors: Ferrara Mark S.
Published: September 2015

In the eighteenth-century Chinese novel Honglou meng (Dream of the Red Chamber, 红楼梦), the numerous instances of pairing, mirroring, and doubling around the protagonist Jia Bao-yu serve to highlight a philosophical view of mutability grounded in Ying-Yang theory and Daoism, to emphasize the dynamic process of acquiring self-knowledge, and to subvert and problematize dualistic classification (truth/fiction, right/wrong, real/unreal). By considering the significance of the hero’s transformation in this context from the rejected Stone, into the Divine Luminescent Stone-in-Waiting, and then into Jia Bao-yu and his second self, I seek to expose the utopian dimensions of the text grounded in tension between Daoism and Confucianism and exemplified by Jia Bao-yu and Zhen Bao-yu respectively.
Snijden in eigen vlees
Authors: Schmidt Eduard
Published: September 2015

Cutback management: The role of top civil servants’ values for implementing cutbacks

Governments throughout the whole world feel the need to cut spending due to the current financial crisis. The Netherlands are no exception in this matter. Top civil servants are up to the task to implement these cutbacks within their own organizations. However, not much is known about what influences their choice for certain implementation strategies. One factor of interest are the values of top civil servants, which are supposed to be influenced by their work experience. This is a relevant factor, since the introduction of New Public Management made it more common for managers from the private sector to reach the higher echelons of government. Top civil servants with different backgrounds and from different Dutch ministries were interviewed for this study. It seems that using across-the-board cuts are present within Dutch ministries, sometimes combined with targeted cuts. Surprisingly, no differences in values and implementation strategies were found between managers with and without experience in the private sector, contrary to expectation. The implementation strategies used seem mainly influenced by values such as soberness and thrift, values which are not present in current public values literature.
Externe advisering binnen de Nederlandse overheid
Authors: van den Berg Caspar , Schmidt Arjen , van Eijk Carola
Published: September 2015

External policy advice in the Netherlands: Towards an empirically and theoretically informed research agenda

In this article we discuss the influence of external policy advisors on the policy process. In the Dutch context, little is known about the role, function and influence of external policy advisors (like consultants) who are hired on a temporary basis by the government. Based on a survey (N = 378) this study provides a profile of external policy advisors and the nature of their advice work. An interesting result is that external advisors generally conduct process-related policy work, but may also provide policy substance. Furthermore, the article develops an empirically and theoretically informed research agenda as a starting point for additional research.
Coördinatie in complexe systemen: het ontstaan van stuurloosheid in het Nederlandse spoorwegsysteem
Authors: Schipper Danny , Koppenjan Joop , Gerrits Lasse
Published: September 2015

Coordination in complex systems: the loss of a common ground in the Dutch railway system

We are only fully aware of our dependency on large scale technical infrastructure systems when they fail to provide reliable services. Yet, at the same time we have witnessed the dismantling of the organizations providing these services due to privatization and liberalization policies. In this article we provide insight into the complexity of managing these now networked systems, consisting of several private and public organizations, by looking at the Dutch railway system. More specifically we analyze a case in which the decision to take several railway tracks and switches out of service resulted in a large scale disruption during rush hour in one of the busiest parts of the Netherlands. With the concept of sensemaking we show that the different actors involved were unable to create a common understanding of the situation to enable coordinated action.
Verdien ik niet te veel?
Authors: Trappenburg Margo
Published: September 2015

Do I earn too much? Wage decency for students of public administration

During the first decades after World War II income policy was an important topic of public debate in the Netherlands. This changed in the eighties and nineties when gross wages were ‘demoralized’ and taken off the political agenda. Income policy was deemed pointless, inefficient, or superfluous. Moreover wages were determined according to technocratic schemes designed by consultancy firms. These schemes encourage employees to compare themselves with people with a comparable education in other organizations rather than with coworkers in their own organization thus fostering a caste mentality.

However, following the financial crisis a cry for remoralization was launched which ended in a new law which determined that civil servants and top administrators in public organizations should never earn more than a government minister (178.000 euros per annum). In this article it is argued that such a partial remoralization of the highest wages in the public sector is unsatisfactory. It is argued that wages at large should be a moral topic for organizations that should explain their reward policy for their highest and lowest employees, thus encouraging workers to see themselves as members of their organization rather than their educational caste. Public administration scholars should play a role in this debate.
Srovnání žákovské obliby školy a matematiky pohledem mezinárodních šetření
Authors: Federičová Miroslava , Münich Daniel
Published: September 2015

Spokojenost žáků ve škole, obliba školy a učení zvyšují intenzitu osobního zapojení žáků do výuky, jejich ztotožnění se s procesem vzdělávání, což v konečném důsledku může mít výrazný pozitivní dopad na samotné výsledky vzdělávání. Cílem naší analýzy je podrobnější empirické zmapování oblíbenosti školy a učení se matematice, jak je vnímaná a vykazovaná žáky 4., 8., 9. a 10. ročníků na základě různých mezinárodních šetření TIMSS a PISA. Zaměřujeme se na případ České republiky, jejíž žáci vykazují abnormálně nízkou oblibu školy a učení se matematice i v jiných šetřeních. V první části prezentujeme podrobnější mezinárodní srovnání, v druhé části se soustředíme na oblibu u specifických skupin žáků a ve třetí části na asociace s charakteristikami škol a učitelů. Pro všechny země je charakteristický pokles obliby školy a učení s postupem do vyšších ročníků, nižší obliba u chlapců, pozitivní asociace se vzdělávacími výsledky žáků a vzdělaností rodičů, a to především ve vyšších ročnících. Ve srovnání s evropskými zeměmi je velmi nízká obliba školy a učení se v Česku dána především výrazně negativnějšími postoji chlapců, což se nejvíce projevuje v 8. třídách základních škol, kde je také patrná vysoká míra neobliby u žáků s nejhoršími výsledky. Podíl variace obliby vysvětlitelný faktory na straně učitelů a škol zachycenými šetřením TIMSS je velmi nízký.
Os primeiros Congressos Americanos da Criança e a pan-americanização dos debates sobre a infância (1916 a 1922)
Authors: Souza Gizele de , Cordeiro Andréa
Published: September 2015

Nas primeiras décadas do século XX passam a se reunir periodicamente, em diferentes países da América Latina, autoridades políticas, especialistas e filantropos interessados em debater as questões da infância americana. O papel simbólico da infância na modernização da América, a educação da criança como motor do desenvolvimento das nações e do continente, em debate nos primeiros Congressos Americanos da Criança (1916-1922), são o cerne deste artigo. Palavras-chave: Infância - História; Educação - America Latina - História; Criança - Congressos.
La representación de la infancia en América Latina y el Comité de los Derechos del Niño (1990-2013)
Authors: Naya Garmendia Luis M. , Davila Balsera Pauli
Published: September 2015

La construcción social de la infancia está sometida a discursos científicos, populares, académicos, etc. que han configurado una amalgama de imágenes y representaciones alrededor de los niños, las niñas y los adolescentes. Entre estos discursos, queremos destacar el elaborado por el Comité de los Derechos del Niño, órgano de seguimiento de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño (CDN), de 1989, que, desde la década de los 90, no ha cesado de emitir observaciones y recomendaciones en las que queda patente un discurso hegemónico, compartido con el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (Unicef), sobre la infancia. El análisis que hemos abordado parte de una fuente muy rica en matices como son los informes que dicho Comité emite a la hora de evaluar públicamente la situación de la infancia en los países del mundo. En concreto, nos centramos en un corpus documental importante con referencia a América Latina, pues analizamos todos los informes comprendidos entre 1990 y 2013 y que recogen información suficiente sobre la situación de la infancia. Entre esas fechas, todos los países de la región enviaron sucesivos informes sobre la implementación de los derechos de las niñas, los niños y los adolescentes al mencionado Comité. El resultado de la investigación nos ofrece un perfil de la infancia en América Latina caracterizado por unos trazos relativos a la defensa de una infancia libre de violencia, digna y adecuada y una infancia sin discriminación en los 25 años de vigencia de la Convención. Palabras clave: Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño; América Latina; Representación de la Infancia; Comité de los Derechos del Niño.
A cor do abandono: as crianças em situação de rua no Recife na Ditadura Civil-Militar (1964-1985)
Authors: Miranda Humberto Silva
Published: September 2015

A historiografia registra que o cenário urbano do Recife, durante a ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985), foi marcado por crescimento econômico e aumento das desigualdades sociais. A cidade que crescia, convivia com a presença de meninos e meninas, em situação de abandono, que ocupavam as ruas e avenidas e faziam do espaço público local de trabalho e morada. A questão do abandono passou a ser propagada na imprensa local e nacional. Para o Diário de Pernambuco, o abandono tinha uma cor: sépia, que descoloria o cenário da cidade. Neste artigo, pretendo analisar como o discurso do abandono e as políticas públicas de assistência foram construídas nesse período sócio-histórico. A partir desse objetivo, proponho construir uma conexão com a atuação da Febem em Pernambuco, instituição fundada no primeiro ano da Ditadura Civil-Militar. Palavras-chave: Menores Ambandonados - Recife; Fundação Estadual do Bem-Estar do Menor (PE); Menores de Rua.
Políticas de construcción del peronismo. El discurso de las FAR en los albores de la década del setenta en Argentina
Authors: González Canosa Mora
Published: September 2015

Fundadas por grupos que rompieron con el PC y el MIR-Praxis en los sesenta, las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias fueron expresión de un cauce de radicalización política distinto al que dio lugar al resto de las organizaciones armadas peronistas: las profundas reconfiguraciones operadas en la cultura política de la izquierda argentina.Este artículo analiza una de las huellas de origen de ese cauce de radicalización que le imprimió a las FAR su perfil distintivo. Nos referimos a sus concepciones sobre el peronismo, básicamente a los lentes marxistas desde los cuales la organización construyó su visión del movimiento y la posibilidad de conjugarlo con el socialismo. Desde esas claves analíticas, y apelando tanto a entrevistas orales como a los documentos que la organización elaboró en 1971, el artículo examina los principales núcleos de la estrategia discursiva que le permitió a las FAR legitimar su identificación con el peronismo desde una perspectiva marxista y un proyecto político cuyo objetivo final era el socialismo. Palabras clave: Identidades políticas; Peronismo; Marxismo; “Nueva izquierda”.
Radar Target Recognition
Authors: Eom Kie B.
Published: September 2015

Recent advances in radar target recognition are presented. Modern radar systems provide information not available in other sensors with sufficient details for target recognition. Target recognition approaches using different types of radar systems are presented, and recent advances in target recognition approaches are discussed. Approaches to improve the performance of target detection by the fusion of information from different types of radars are presented. The reduction of speckle noise in radar images is important as imaging radar is inherently noisy. Recent advances in speckle noise reduction approaches are also presented.
Influence of sea level rise on the dynamics of salt inflows in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Hordoir Robinson , Axell Lars , Löptien Ulrike , Dietze Heiner , Kuznetsov Ivan
Published: September 2015

The Baltic Sea is a marginal sea, located in a highly industrialized region in Central Northern Europe. Saltwater inflows from the North Sea and associated ventilation of the deep exert crucial control on the entire Baltic Sea ecosystem. This study explores the impact of anticipated sea level changes on the dynamics of those inflows. We use a numerical oceanic general circulation model covering both the Baltic and the North Sea. The model successfully retraces the essential ventilation dynamics throughout the period 1961–2007. A suite of idealized experiments suggests that rising sea level is associated with intensified ventilation as saltwater inflows become stronger, longer, and more frequent. Expressed quantitatively as a salinity increase in the deep central Baltic Sea, we find that a sea level rise of 1 m triggers a saltening of more than 1 PSU. This substantial increase in ventilation is the consequence of the increasing cross section in the Danish Straits amplified by a reduction of vertical mixing.
An EarthCARE/ATLID simulator to evaluate cloud description in climate models
Authors: Reverdy M. , Chepfer H. , Donovan D. , Noel V. , Cesana G. , Hoareau C. , Chiriaco M. , Bastin S.
Published: September 2015

Clouds still remain the largest source of uncertainty in model‐based predictions of future climate; thus, the description of the clouds in climate models needs to be evaluated. In particular, the cloud detailed vertical distribution that impacts directly the cloud radiative effect needs to be evaluated. Active satellite sensors directly measure the cloud vertical distribution with high accuracy; their observations should be used for model evaluation together with a satellite simulator in order to allow fair comparison between models and observations. The next cloud lidar in space, EarthCARE/ATmospheric LIDar (ATLID), is planned for launch in 2018, while the current spaceborne cloud lidar CALIPSO/CALIOP is expected to stop collecting data within the next coming years. Here we describe the characteristics of the ATLID on board the EarthCARE satellite (spatial resolution, signal‐to‐noise ratio, wavelength, field of view, pulse repetition frequency, orbit, and high‐spectral resolution lidar) that need to be taken into account to build a Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observation Simulator Package (COSP)/ATLID simulator. We then present the COSP/ATLID simulator, and the low‐, middle‐, high‐level cloud covers it produces, as well as the zonal mean cloud fraction profiles and the height‐intensity histograms that are simulated by COSP/ATLID when overflying an atmosphere predicted by LMDZ5 global circulation model. Finally, we compare the clouds simulated by COSP/ATLID with those simulated by COSP/CALIPSO when overflying the same atmosphere. As the main differences between ATLID and CALIOP are taken into account in the simulators, the differences between COSP/ATLID and COSP/CALIPSO cloud covers are less than 1% in nighttime conditions