bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Patterns as Random Fractals
Authors: Griffen Dana T. , Sullivan Kim R.
Published: March 2019

The concept of fractals (or fractional dimensions), although known earlier, was formalized theoretically and given that name in 1967 by Mandelbrot. A fractal is some object, whether mathematically constructed or observed in the physical world, that exhibits scale in variance—that is, it looks essentially the same at all scales, or over some range of scales. Objects that exhibit fractal geometry and that are measured in the same units in both the x and y directions are said to be self-similar; geologic examples of self-similar fractals are a rocky coastline and a topographic contour, for which the east-west and north-south coordinates of any point are expressed in, say, meters or kilometers. Objects that exhibit fractal geometry but which are measured in different units along x and y are said to be selfaffine fractals; an example of a self-affine fractal is a topographic profile, in which the horizontal dimension is measured in kilometers and the vertical dimension is measured in meters.
Comparison of Modelled and Experimental Data for the NixRu1-xAl Intermetaixic Compound in the Ni-Ru-Al Ternary System
Authors: Harte A. S. , Hung P. M. , Horner I. J. , Hall N. , Cornish L. A. , Witcomb M. J.
Published: March 2019

A program was developed to predict d-spacings and intensities for peaks of binary phases, using data of the stoichiometric compositions as a basis, and was extended for ternary systems. Predicted data were compared with results from a series of alloys in the Ni-Ru-Al system, spanning the system near 50 atomic % aluminum, to ascertain the extension of the RuAl and NiAl intermetallic compounds into the ternary system. The microstructures mainly appeared cored, and one sample was single phase.

The program enabled easy identification of the peaks, and also allowed comparison of experimental data with predicted ordered and random spectra.
Demonstration of an X-ray Fluorescence Sensor for the Cone Penetrometer
Authors: Elam W. T. , Gilfrich J. V.
Published: March 2019

A feasibility test at the Naval Research Laboratory has shown that a miniature X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) sensor can be constructed for the cone penetrometer. Such a sensor would have detection limits for heavy metal contaminants in soils of a few parts per million. The next step is to demonstrate the capabilities of such a sensor in the cone penetrometer. A sensor for this purpose is being constructed and will be tested both in the laboratory and in the field. The XRF sensor will be capable of evaluating the in-situ detection limits and field screening (semi-quantitative) capabilities of x-ray fluorescence and can be transitioned to field activities for further evaluation and feedback. The sensor will consist of a miniature x-ray tube and an x-ray detector, together with appropriate apertures and x-ray filters, in a custom fabricated section of penetrometer pipe. The sensor will use commercially available components. High voltage and signal cables will couple the sensor to electronics in the truck. Boron carbide will be used for the x-ray windows which protect the sensor components from soil abrasion.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Assessment of Fe3+ Inclusion Complex of p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene Diamide Derivative
Authors: Chandio Anwar Ali , Ali Memon Ayaz , Memon Shahabuddin , Memon Fakhar N. , Panhwar Qadeer Khan , Durmaz Fatih , Nizamani Shafi Muhammad , Brohi Nazir Ahmed
Published: March 2019

Present study deals with the synthesis of the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene diamide derivative as ligand (L) and its Fe3+ complex, followed by its characterization using TLC and FT-IR, while UV-Vis and Job’s plot study were performed for complex formation. Antimicrobial activity of the derivative (L) and its metal complex was carried out by the disc diffusion method against bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus albus) and fungi (R. stolonifer). Different concentrations of the derivative (L) (6, 3, 1.5, 0.75, and 0.37 μg/mL) and its Fe3+ complex were prepared, and Mueller–Hinton agar was used as the medium for the growth of microorganisms. Six successive dilutions of the derivative (L) and Fe3+ complex were used against microorganisms. Two successive dilutions (6 and 3 μg/mL) of the derivative (L) showed antibacterial action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, three successive dilutions (6, 3, and 1.5 μg/mL) of the derivative (L) showed antifungal activity. However, all of six dilutions of the Fe3+ complex showed antimicrobial activity. Derivative (L) showed 3 and 1.5 μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against bacteria and fungi, respectively. On the contrary, its Fe3+ complex showed 0.37 μg/mL value of MIC against bacteria and fungi. Hence, Fe3+ complex of the derivative (L) was found to be a more effective antimicrobial agent against selected bacteria and fungi than the diamide derivative (L).
Nasal Delivery Devices: A Comparative Study on Cadaver Model
Authors: Moffa Antonio , Costantino Andrea , Rinaldi Vittorio , Sabatino Lorenzo , Trecca Eleonora Maria Consiglia , Baptista Peter , Campisi Paolo , Cassano Michele , Casale Manuele
Published: March 2019

Nasal nebulization is a more effective method of delivering topical medication than nasal spray. The purpose of this study was to assess the deposition patterns of nebulization in delivering topical agents to the nasal cavities in the human cadaveric model using a color-based method. We have compared these following nasal devices: single-dose vial irrigation, syringe-irrigation, common nasal spray, Spray-sol, MAD nasal, and Rinowash nasal douche. Endoscopic images were recorded at six anatomical regions prior to and following each nasal device application and four reviewers evaluated the amount of surface area staining. At the nasal vestibule, the blue dye distribution achieved with Spray-sol was more extensive than nasal sprays. At inferior turbinate and nasal cavity floor, single dose vial, syringe, MAD nasal, Spray-sol, and Rinowash demonstrated a greater extent of dye distribution than nasal spray. At the middle turbinate, the average score of both Spray-sol and MAD nasal was significantly higher than other nasal investigated devices. At the nasopharynx, Spray-sol nebulization covers a surface significantly greater than other devices. Compared to traditional sprays, Spray-sol and MAD nasal provided a more effective method of delivering topical agents to the deeper and higher portions of the nasal cavities.
Degradation State Identification of Cracked Ultrasonic Motor by Means of Fault Feature Extraction Method
Authors: An Guoqing , Li Hongru
Published: March 2019

The cracking of piezoelectric ceramics is the main reason of failure of an ultrasonic motor. Since the fault information is too weak to reflect the condition of piezoelectric ceramics especially in the early degradation stage, a fault feature extraction method based on multiscale morphological spectrum and permutation entropy is proposed. Firstly, a signal retaining the morphological feature under different scales is reconstructed with multiscale morphological spectrum components. Then, the permutation entropy of the reconstructed signal is taken as the fault feature of piezoelectric ceramics. Furthermore, a sensitivity factor is defined to optimize the embedded dimension and delay time of permutation entropy according to double sample Z value analysis. Finally, a matrix composed of the probability distributions, obtained from permutation entropy calculation, is applied for the degradation state identification by means of probability distribution divergence. The analysis of actual test data demonstrates that this method is feasible and effective.
Nav1.7 via Promotion of ERK in the Trigeminal Ganglion Plays an Important Role in the Induction of Pulpitis Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Sun Shukai , Sun Jiangxing , Jiang Wenkai , Wang Wei , Ni Longxing
Published: March 2019

The trigeminal ganglion (TG) refers to sensory neurons bodies that innervate the spinal cord and peripheral axons that innervate teeth. The tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium (NA) channels (Nav1.7) play important roles in the pathophysiology of pain. In this study, we investigated the TG expression of Nav1.7 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in a rat model of pulpitis to explore the correlation between these channels and inflammatory pain. Pulpitis was confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. In this study, we demonstrated that the reflex of rats to mechanical stimulation increases after pulp exposure and that the exposed rat molar pulp can upregulate the expression of Nav1.7 and ERK in the rat TG. Three days after rat pulp exposure, the expression levels of the two ion channels in the TG increased. TG target injection of PF04856264, a Nav1.7 inhibitor, dose-dependently increased the mechanical pain threshold and was able to inhibit ERK expression. TG target injection of PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, dose-dependently increased the mechanical pain threshold. These factors simultaneously resulted in the highest production. In this study, with the established link to inflammatory pain, we found that Nav1.7 and ERK both play important roles in the induction of inflammatory pain caused by pulpitis. We also found a correlation between the expression levels of Nav1.7 and ERK and the degree of inflammatory pain. Furthermore, ERK signaling pathways were promoted by the Nav1.7 in TG after pulpitis.
Prevalence of Onchocerciasis and Associated Factors among Adults Aged ≥ 15 Years in Semen Bench District, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kifle Bedilu , Woldemichael Kifle , Nigatu Mamo
Published: March 2019

Background. Though onchocerciasis control and elimination through community directed treatment with ivermectin were conducted for the last fifteen years, prevalence of onchocerciasis and factors associated with it in the study area are yet not known. The aim of the current study is to assess prevalence of onchocerciasis and associated factors among adults aged greater than or equal to fifteen years in Semen Bench district, Bench Maji zone, southwest Ethiopia: community based cross-sectional study 2018. Methods. Community based cross-sectional study was conducted on 553 study participants selected by multistage sampling in April 2018. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were done to summarize dependent and independent variables. Bivariate logistic regression was done to select candidate variables. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of onchocerciasis infection. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI were calculated to assess association and statistical significance, respectively. Confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Result. The overall prevalence of onchocerciasis infection in the study area was 6.32%. Age category of 35-44 years (AOR: 13.48, 95%CI: 3.51, 51.76), age of 45 years and above (AOR: 9.41, 95% CI: 2.26, 39.06), male sex (AOR 4.568, 95% C.I: 1.622, 12.861), not being compliant with ivermectin treatment (AOR: 3.804, 95%CI: 1.524, 9.49), and residing at less than 2Km from the river (AOR: 9.15, 95%CI: 3.9, 21.49) were significantly associated with onchocerciasis infection. Conclusion and Recommendation. After more than a decade of treatment with ivermectin, onchocerciasis in the study area is still hypoendemic. Zonal health department and other stakeholders should evaluate therapeutic coverage and community directed treatment with ivermectin in the study area. Zonal health department with other stokeholds should give community based information education communication, giving due attention to older ages, male residents, and those living near the rivers. Further community based study should also be done to identify factors hindering the community compliance with the treatment.
Pancreatic Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor Associated with Elevated DHEA and Testosterone
Authors: Estifan Elias , Cavanagh Yana , Kapoor Ashima , Grossman Matthew
Published: March 2019

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN) of the pancreas are extremely rare epithelial tumors with low malignant potential. They account for only 1-2% of pancreatic lesions. These masses often go unnoticed and when they become symptomatic it is often due to mass effect on neighboring structures. We encountered an unusual presentation in a healthy 34-year-old female who was found to have elevated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone levels during the evaluation of irregular menses. Subsequent abdominal imaging revealed an enhancing 2.7 cm pancreatic tail mass that was concerning for a pancreatic neoplasm. The patient underwent endoscopic ultrasound which confirmed the presence of a hypoechoic, 2.3 x 1.7 cm mass in the pancreatic tail. An intact interface was seen between the mass and adjacent structures, suggesting the absence of local invasion. Fine needle biopsy was performed and cytology was consistent with SPN. The patient later underwent curative distal pancreatectomy, with subsequent normalization of her menses. SPN are generally inactive on laboratory screening modalities (i.e., AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 125) and our patient showed no evidence of pancreatic insufficiency, pancreatic parenchymal injury, abnormal liver function, or cholestasis. Similarly to our patient, most SPN are asymptomatic. One retrospective study (spanning 15 years) reported vague abdominal pain in ~70% of patients, on initial presentation. Symptoms of tumor mass effect were the second most common. To our knowledge, this is the first reported presentation of elevated DHEA and testosterone levels associated with a solid pseudopapillary tumor in the absence of an underlying adrenal lesion or dysfunction. Despite extensive workup, no alternate etiology or correlatable medical condition could be elucidated for our patient’s hormonal dysregulation. We, therefore, recommend further review and investigation into this potential correlative relationship in an effort to guide the future diagnosis and management of this unusual neoplasm.
High-Gain Quad Array of Nonuniform Helical Antennas
Authors: Dinkić Jelena Lj. , Olćan Dragan I. , Djordjević Antonije R. , Zajić Alenka G.
Published: March 2019

We present a design of a high-gain quad array of nonuniform helical antennas. The design is obtained by optimization of a 3-D numerical model of four nonuniform helical antennas placed above a ground plane, including a model of a feeding network, utilizing the method of moments with higher-order basis functions. The gain of one optimal nonuniform helical antenna can be about 2.5 dB higher than the gain of a uniform helical antenna of the same axial length. Creating a 2×2 array further increases the gain up to about 6 dB. The resulting quad array fits into a box whose dimensions are 2.5×3.3×3.3 wavelengths, and the gain in the main radiating direction is about 20.5 dBi in the frequency range from 0.9 GHz to 1.1 GHz. The design is verified by measurements of a prototype of the quad array.
Human Papillomavirus Research: Where Should We Place Our Bets?
Authors: Cuschieri Kate , Lorincz Attila T. , Nedjai Belinda
Published: March 2019

Background: Massive strides have been made with respect to primary and secondary prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated disease as a result of prophylactic vaccination and cervical screening based on molecular HPV testing. However, cervical cancer continues to be an important clinical and societal burden. Additionally, other HPV-associated cancers, for which there are no screening programmes, are rising. Finally, the optimal combination of vaccination and screening strategies will require careful thinking. Considering this unprecedented and important time, we were keen to solicit the views of the expert community to determine what they perceived were the key priorities for HPV research. Our objective was to identify consensus and key priorities for HPV-based research through provision of a questionnaire disseminated to a multidisciplinary group of key opinion leaders (KOLs). Summary: A structured survey composed of 46 HPV research “categories” was sent to 73 KOLs who were invited to “rank” the categories according to priority. The invitees represented clinical and public health disciplines as well as basic scientists. Scores were weighted according to the number of responses. Invitees also had the opportunity to comment on barriers to the research and suggest other research areas that required attention not reflected in the survey. We received 29 responses in total; overall, the 3 highest-ranked categories were “optimal cervical screening in low and middle-income countries (LMICs),” “primary disease prevention in LMICs” and “impact of vaccine on HPV infection and associated disease.” “HPV and the microbiome” and “mechanisms of transformation” were the highest-ranked categories with respect to basic research. Consistent barriers to research were around governance on the use of samples and data and funding, particularly in an era of vaccination. Key Messages: Research to support the management of disease in LMICs is clearly perceived as a priority in the international community in addition to other diverse areas which necessitate an improved basic understanding of viral mechanisms and interactions. International, multidisciplinary efforts which articulate the broader HPV research agenda will be important when seeking funding in addition to international endeavours to support the efficient use of existing samples and cohorts to facilitate such research.
Learning as Movement in Social Design-Based Experiments: Play as a Leading Activity
Authors: Gutiérrez Kris D. , Higgs Jennifer , Lizárraga José Ramón , Rivero Edward
Published: March 2019

This article addresses an approach to design-based research informed by cultural historical activity theory and ecological approaches to inquiry in which historicity, prolepsis, remediation, diversity and equity, transformability, resilience, and sustainability are organizing design principles. Social design-based experiments seek to co-design learning ecologies in which learning is made equitable and consequential for youth from nondominant communities. In this article, we focus on the ways the design of El Pueblo Mágico, an after-school STEAM-oriented 5th Dimension program, involved saturating the environment with new tools and forms of assistance and privileged intergenerational learning to engage youth and their university amigxs in new technology-mediated practices. In particular, we examine how designing around the leading activity of play opened up opportunities for youth to engage in consequential forms of learning across El Pueblo Mágico and home practices, as well as how digital tools and practices traveled and mediated new learning for young learners.
Cortical Cataract and Refractive Error
Authors: Michael Ralph , Pareja-Aricò Luis , Rauscher Franziska G. , Barraquer Rafael I.
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the presence of cortical cataract and accommodation effort, using refractive error as a proxy. Methods: Patients between 50 and 90 years, scheduled for cataract surgery, were selected with the help of a photographic database. Nuclear and cortical cataract were graded and patients grouped having no cataract, pure cortical, mixed or pure nuclear cataract. Refraction data at the time of the photograph was converted to estimated spherical equivalent refractive error each patient would have had at the age of 45 years. Results: From the initial 239 eyes from 239 patients, cases with myopia below –6.5 dpt and hyperopia above 6.5 dpt were excluded, resulting in 199 cases for final analysis. Eyes with no cataract showed the lowest median refractive error (–3.65 dpt), followed by the pure nuclear group (–2.69 dpt). The median refractive error for pure cortical (–0.23 dpt) and mixed cataracts (–0.87 dpt) were close to emmetropia. Cortical cataracts were found in 37% of myopes, 82% of emmetropes, and 85% of hyperopes. Conclusion: Emmetropes and hyperopes tend to develop more cortical cataract than myopes. These cortical cataracts might be caused by shear stress inside the crystalline lens due to accommodation efforts at the time of onset of presbyopia.
Die therapeutische Beziehungsgestaltung in der dolmetschergestützten Psychotherapie aus der Perspektive geflüchteter Patienten: Ergebnisse qualitativer Interviews
Authors: Hanft-Robert Saskia , Pohontsch Nadine Janis , Uhr Cornelia , Redlich Alexander , Metzner Franka
Published: March 2019

Hintergrund: Die Therapiebeziehung gilt als einer der wichtigsten Wirkfaktoren der Psychotherapie und ist auch in der dolmetschergestützten Psychotherapie für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung notwendig. Patienten und Methoden: Mittels dolmetschergestützter Leitfadeninterviews wurden 10 geflüchtete Patienten, die eine dolmetschergestützte Psychotherapie in Anspruch genommen haben, zu Faktoren befragt, die den Aufbau einer vertrauensvollen therapeutischen Beziehung in der Triade beeinflussen. Die Auswertung der Interviews folgte der inhaltlich strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 11 Faktoren identifiziert, die sich dem Dolmetscher, Therapeuten oder Patienten zuordnen ließen. Deutlich wurde die zentrale Rolle des Dolmetschers für die therapeutische Beziehungsgestaltung in der Triade. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Berücksichtigung der Faktoren, die aus Perspektive der Patienten den Aufbau und die Aufrechterhaltung einer vertrauensvollen Beziehung in der Triade bedingen, sowie der daraus abgeleiteten Handlungsempfehlungen für Psychotherapeuten und Dolmetscher kann zu einer Verbesserung der therapeutischen Behandlung von Geflüchteten führen.
Baseline Serum Magnesium Level and Its Variability in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Associations with Mortality
Authors: Wu Lingping , Cai Kedan , Luo Qun , Wang Lailiang , Hong Yue
Published: March 2019

Background/Aims: The study aimed at investigating the impact of serum magnesium (Mg) baseline level and its variability on mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: Eligible patients receiving regular MHD at Ningbo No. 2 Hospital between January 2009 and August 2016 were enrolled and follow-ups were conducted afterwards until death or transplantation. General information, laboratory results, and outcomes of subjects were collected. The relationship between baseline serum Mg level, its coefficient of variation (CV), and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality were assessed, respectively. Subjects were divided into groups in 2 manners: by serum Mg level (lower Mg group: serum Mg <1.00 mmol/L, higher Mg group: serum Mg ≥1.00 mmol/L) and by serum Mg CV (high variation group: CV ≥0.149 mmol/L, middle variation group: 0.114 mmol/L ≤ CV < 0.149 mmol/L, and low variation group: CV <0.114 mmol/L). Results: 169 MHD patients were recruited in the study, with mean serum Mg 1.00 ± 0.18 mmol/L, average age 60.20 ± 15.64 years, and median dialysis duration 37.00 (18.30, 77.97) months. During the follow-up, 69 (40.83%) patients died, 24 (34.78%) of which died due to cardiovascular disease. Comparing the two groups, patients in the lower Mg group had a higher all-cause mortality (50.00 vs. 29.33%, p = 0.007). The multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that lower Mg level was an independent factor for all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular mortality (HR = 13.268, 95% CI 6.234–28.237, p < 0.001; HR = 12.702, 95% CI 3.737–43.174, p < 0.001, respectively). However, there were no significant statistical differences of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among these three groups concerning Mg variation. And in the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, serum magnesium CV was not the independent factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions: The lower baseline serum magnesium level was associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in MHD patients. However, the variability of magnesium level was not independently associated with the risk of death and further studies need to be conducted.
Hematuria Alone or in Combination with Proteinuria Is a Harbinger of Poor Prognosis in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Fujii Teruhiro , Hara Masaki , Ohta Akihito , Ando Minoru , Nitta Kosaku
Published: March 2019

Background: Screening for hematuria is essential during health checkups in the general population. However, urine examinations in patients with cancer tend to be overlooked. This study attempted to demonstrate the novel utility of urinalysis in the assessment of the prognosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods: A longitudinal, retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the association between hematuria and mortality in 294 patients with NHL. Urinalysis was performed using a dipstick test. A multivariate, logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate factors associated with the presence of hematuria. Statistical association between hematuria and the time to all-cause mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, followed by multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for covariates that might be related to mortality. Results: The prevalence of hematuria alone and in combination with proteinuria was 11.6 and 5.1%, respectively. C-reactive protein was a significant factor associated with the presence of hematuria (OR [95% CI] 1.17 [1.03–1.34], p = 0.0194). The cumulative mortality was significantly higher in patients with hematuria alone (51.1%), proteinuria alone (47.1%), and both (66.7%), than in those with neither (24.3%). Moreover, the presence of hematuria alone was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [95% CI] 1.78 [1.10–3.50], p = 0.0455), and patients with concomitant proteinuria were at the highest risk (4.01 [1.71–8.33], p = 0.0001). Conclusions: In patients with hematuric NHL, systemic inflammation is likely to develop to such a great extent that kidney damage occurs. Therefore, the presence of hematuria, alone or especially in combination with proteinuria, predicts a poor prognosis of NHL.
Management of Adverse Events Due to Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors
Authors: Ettl Johannes
Published: March 2019

Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors have become standard of care in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. They have been shown to double the efficacy of endocrine-based treatment. Three oral agents are available to date: palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib. The aim of this article is to give a short overview of the existing efficacy data, to summarize the recommended clinical monitoring procedures for patients under CDK4/6 inhibitors, and to shed light on the clinical management of the most common treatment-emergent adverse events. The hematological class side effect neutropenia as well as non-hematological toxicities (e.g., impaired liver function, prolonged QTc interval, and diarrhea) are discussed. In addition, the current knowledge about relevant drug interactions is reviewed.
High Plasma sRAGE (Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products) Is Associated With Slower Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression and Lower Risk for First-Time Coronary Events and Mortality
Authors: Grauen Larsen Helena , Marinkovic Goran , Nilsson Peter M. , Nilsson Jan , Engström Gunnar , Melander Olle , Orho-Melander Marju , Schiopu Alexandru
Published: March 2019

Objective—

RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) and EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) are immune receptors for proinflammatory mediators. These receptors can also be found in a soluble form in the circulation. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) has shown atheroprotective properties in animal studies, possibly by acting as a decoy receptor for its ligands. Whether sEMMPRIN (soluble EMMPRIN) has similar roles is unknown. We hypothesized that sRAGE and sEMMPRIN might be associated with vascular disease progression, incident coronary events, and mortality.

Approach and Results—

We measured baseline sRAGE and sEMMPRIN in 4612 cardiovascular disease-free individuals from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Measurements of intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery were performed at inclusion and after a median of 16.5 years. sRAGE was negatively correlated with carotid intima-media thickness progression, independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, kidney function, and hsCRP (high sensitive C-reactive protein). Additionally, sRAGE was associated with decreased risk for major adverse coronary events (hazard ratio=0.90 [0.82–0.97];
P
=0.009) and mortality (hazard ratio=0.93 [0.88–0.99];
P
=0.011) during a follow-up period of 21 years. The relationship with mortality was independent of all considered potential confounders. We found no correlations between EMMPRIN, intima-media thickness progression, or prognosis.

Conclusions—

Individuals with high levels of circulating sRAGE have a slower rate of carotid artery disease progression and a better prognosis. Although its predictive value was too weak to promote sRAGE as a useful clinical biomarker in the population, the findings support further research into the potential anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective properties of this soluble receptor.
Blood Pressure Measurement and Treatment Decisions
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Thijs Lutgarde , Staessen Jan A.
Published: March 2019

White-coat and masked hypertension are important hypertension phenotypes. Out-of-office blood pressure measurement is essential for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of these conditions. This review summarizes literature related to the detection and diagnosis, prevalence, epidemiology, prognosis, and treatment of white-coat and masked hypertension. Cardiovascular risk in white-coat hypertension appears to be dependent on the presence of coexisting risk factors, whereas patients with masked hypertension are at increased risk of target organ damage and cardiovascular events. There is an unmet need for robust data to support recommendations around the use of antihypertensive treatment for the management of white-coat and masked hypertension.
Shear-Induced CCN1 Promotes Atheroprone Endothelial Phenotypes and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hsu Pei-Ling , Chen Jheng-Sin , Wang Chin-Yung , Wu Hua-Lin , Mo Fan-E
Published: March 2019

Background:

Atherosclerosis occurs preferentially at the blood vessels encountering blood flow turbulence. The matricellular protein CCN1 is induced in endothelial cells by disturbed flow, and is expressed in advanced atherosclerotic lesions in patients and in the
Apoe
−/−
mouse model. The role of CCN1 in atherosclerosis remains undefined.

Methods:

To assess the function of CCN1 in vivo, knock-in mice carrying the integrin α6β1–binding-defective mutant allele
Ccn1-dm
on the
Apoe
−/−
background were tested in an atherosclerosis model generated by carotid artery ligation. Additionally, CCN1-regulated functional phenotypes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, or primary mouse aortic endothelial cells isolated from wild-type and
Ccn1

dm/dm

mice, were investigated in the in vitro shear stress experiments under unidirectional laminar shear stress (12 dyn/cm
2
) versus oscillatory shear stress (±5 dyn/cm
2
) conditions.

Results:

We found that
Ccn1
expression was upregulated in the arterial endothelium 3 days after ligation before any detectable structural changes, and intensified with the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Compared with
Apoe
−/−
controls,
Ccn1

dm/dm

/
Apoe
−/−
mice were remarkably resistant to ligation-induced plaque formation (n=6). These mice exhibited lower oxidative stress, expression of endothelin-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and monocyte homing. CCN1/α6β1 critically mediated flow-induced activation of the pleiotropic transcription factor nuclear factor-κB and therefore the induction of atheroprone gene expression in the mouse arterial endothelium after ligation (n=6), or in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells or primary mouse aortic endothelial cells exposed to oscillatory shear stress (n=3 in triplicate). Interestingly, the activation of nuclear factor-κB by CCN1/α6β1 signaling prompted more production of CCN1 and α6β1. Blocking CCN1-α6β1 binding by the
Ccn1-dm
mutation or by T1 peptide (derived from an α6β1-binding sequence of CCN1) disrupted the positive-feedback regulation between CCN1/α6β1 and nuclear factor-κB, and prevented flow-induced atheroprone phenotypic alterations in endothelial cells or atherosclerosis in mice.

Conclusions:

These data demonstrate a causative role of CCN1 in atherosclerosis via modulating endothelial phenotypes. CCN1 binds to its receptor integrin α6β1 to activate nuclear factor-κB, thereby instigating a vicious circle to persistently promote atherogenesis. T1, a peptide antagonist selectively targeting CCN1-α6β1, can be further optimized for developing T1-mimetics to treat atherosclerosis.
Attitudes to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Defibrillator Use: A Survey of UK Adults in 2017
Authors: Hawkes Claire A. , Brown Terry P. , Booth Scott , Fothergill Rachael T. , Siriwardena Niroshan , Zakaria Sana , Askew Sara , Williams Julia , Rees Nigel , Ji Chen , Perkins Gavin D.
Published: March 2019

Background

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
CPR
) and public access defibrillator (
PAD
) use can save the lives of people who experience out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Little is known about the proportions of
UK
adults trained, their characteristics and willingness to act if witnessing an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, or the public's knowledge regarding where the nearest
PAD
is located.

Methods and Results

An online survey was administered by YouGov to a nonprobabilistic purposive sample of
UK
adults, achieving 2084 participants, from a panel that was matched to be representative of the population. We used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression modeling for analysis. Almost 52% were women, 61% were aged <55 years, and 19% had witnessed an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Proportions ever trained were 57% in chest‐compression‐only CPR, 59% in
CPR
, and 19.4% in
PAD
use. Most with training in any resuscitation technique had trained at work (54.7%). Compared with people not trained, those trained in
PAD
use said they were more likely to use one (odds ratio: 2.61), and those trained in
CPR
or chest‐compression‐only
CPR
were more likely to perform it (odds ratio: 5.39). Characteristics associated with being trained in any resuscitation technique included youth, female sex, higher social grade, and full‐time employment.

Conclusions

In the United Kingdom, training makes a difference in people's willingness to act in the event of a cardiac arrest. Although there is considerable opportunity to increase the proportion of the general population trained in
CPR
, consideration should be also given to encouraging training in
PAD
use and targeting training for those who are older or from lower social grades.
A new species of Piptolepis (Lychnophorinae, Vernonieae, Asteraceae) from the Brazilian Central Plateau
Authors: DE A. BRINGEL JR. JOÃO BERNARDO , CÂNDIDO JACQUELINE BONFIM E , LOEUILLE BENOÎT
Published: March 2019

Piptolepis rosmarinifolia, a new species from Brazil, is here described and illustrated, and its conservation status assessed. The new species is endemic to the Maranhão River Plateau in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Piptolepis rosmarinifolia is closely related to P. pabstii but differs by its smaller and linear to very narrow elliptic densely spiraled leaves, solitary terminal syncephalium, a higher number of heads per syncephalium and triseriate pappus.
Hieracia balcanica XVII. Hieracium wierzbickii (Asteraceae) a new hybridogenous species from Banat in Romania
Authors: SZELĄG ZBIGNIEW
Published: March 2019

Hieracium wierzbickii, a new, apomictic, triploid (x = 9) species of presumably hybrid origin between sexual, diploid H. umbellatum and agamospermous, tetraploid H. wiesbaurianum subsp. herculanum, is described from Banat in Southern Romania, and illustrated by a photograph of the holotype. This is the first Hieracium species of the morphological formula H. umbellatum – H. wiesbaurianum.
Nidirana chapaensis (Bourret, 1937), one additional anuran species for the amphibian fauna of China
Authors: YUAN ZHIYONG , LIU XIAOLONG , WANG KAI , WANG JIAN , CHEN JINMIN , JIN JIEQIONG , WEI PINGFAN , ZHOU JIAJUN , CHE JING
Published: March 2019

The China-Vietnam border region is a well-known biodiversity hotspot, harboring a striking diversity of species and endemism. However, the largest part of this region is so far understudied due to restrictions by political boundaries and difficulties in accessibility. Consequently, many species have only been reported from one side of the political boundary, despite the presence of continuous habitat on both sides. In this study, we present our discovery of the frog Nidirana chapaensis in southern Yunnan Province, China. This species was previously known only from Vietnam. All major morphometric characters of these Chinese specimens were found to match with the Vietnamese specimens. In addition, our mitochondrial phylogeny suggests that the Chinese population is monophyletic with respect to topotypic Nidirana chapaensis, with uncorrected pairwise distances of 0.2% at the COI gene fragment analyzed. Therefore, we report Nidirana chapaensis as a new member of amphibian fauna of China, describe the morphological variation of the Chinese population, and provide additional natural history data of this species based on our observation from China.
Three new species of Daveyoungana Blocker & Webb (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Hyalojassini) from Brazil
Authors: DOMAHOVSKI ALEXANDRE CRUZ , CAVICHIOLI RODNEY RAMIRO
Published: March 2019

Three new species of Daveyoungana are described and illustrated from Brazil: Daveyoungana blockeri sp. nov. from Maranhão, Daveyoungana longibrachia sp. nov. from Rondônia and Daveyoungana pentacorni sp. nov. from Mato Grosso. A key to species of the genus is provided.
Acusana DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini), a genus not previously recorded in Brazil: description of four new species for the Brazilian fauna
Authors: DOMAHOVSKI ALEXANDRE CRUZ , CAVICHIOLI RODNEY RAMIRO
Published: March 2019

The genus Acusana is recorded from the Brazilian fauna for the first time, with the description of four new species: Acusana adunca sp. nov. and Acusana spina sp. nov. from Mato Grosso, Central-Western Brazil and Acusana dilatata sp. nov. and Acusana longa sp. nov. from Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. Detailed description and illustrations of male and female are provided, as well a revised diagnosis for the genus. The female genitalia of Acusana species is described and illustrated by the first time. A new record of Acusana paga DeLong & Freytag, 1966 is added from Costa Rica.
Too Good to Hire? Capability and Inferences about Commitment in Labor Markets
Authors: Galperin Roman V. , Hahl Oliver , Sterling Adina D. , Guo Jerry
Published: March 2019

We examine how signals of a candidate’s capability affect perceptions of that person’s commitment to an employer. In four experimental studies that use hiring managers as subjects, we test and show that managers perceive highly capable candidates to have lower commitment to the organization than less capable but adequate candidates and, as a result, penalize high-capability candidates in the hiring process. Our results show that managers have concerns about a high-capability candidate’s future commitment to the organization because they view highly capable candidates as having lower levels of organizational interest—meaning they care less about the mission and values of the organization and exert a lower level of effort toward those ends—and because they assume highly capable candidates have more outside job options, increasing their flight risk. Our findings highlight that capability signals do not necessarily afford candidates an advantage in selection, suggesting an upper limit on credentials and other signals of capability in helping candidates get jobs. Our study contributes to research on labor markets, human capital, and credentialing by offering a theory for why and when capability signals can negatively influence job candidate selection decisions.
The role of public-sector accounting in controlling corruption: an assessment of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries
Authors: Cuadrado-Ballesteros Beatriz , Citro Francesca , Bisogno Marco
Published: March 2019

This study adds new insights to the academic debate on the effectiveness of both accrual-basis systems and the adoption of harmonised accounting rules at the international level by considering an additional perspective: their effect on corruption. This study investigates a sample of 33 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries for the period 2010–2014, creating a panel data set that allows the taking of an international comparative approach. The results indicate that corruption is reduced as governments advance in public-sector accounting reforms, adopting International Public Sector Accounting Standards, or implementing accrual-basis systems.

Points for practitioners

Our findings show the relevant role played by public sector accounting reforms in reducing corruption. Concretely, International Public Sector Accounting Standards implementation and accrual-accounting adoption can attenuate the information advantage of politicians towards citizens, reducing the level of corruption. This article contributes to the debate concerning the institutional arrangements that should be implemented to reduce corruption.
To the question of thermal joining of composite Al-B materials
Authors: Galinsky Andrey A , Ryabkov Anton V , Berg Vladimir I , Zakuraev Aslan F
Published: March 2019

This work deals with the application of new approaches to welding production of modern light, strong, and heat-resistant metal composite materials in aeronautical and space technology. The objective of this article is to substantiate introduction of modern technology for welding composites in production, namely the development of argon-arc welding technology and the choice of equipment when using composites of the Al-B system for manufacturing the flame tube of the combustion chamber of an aircraft engine. Based on the study of technical literature and scientific publications, a short analysis of the existing technological processes for welding heat-resistant glass-ceramic composites was carried out. The problems arising in the process of welding aluminum composites reinforced with boron and steel fibers are considered. A modern gas tungsten arc welding based on new technological processes is offered with an example of welding in manufacturing a combustion chamber of a modern gas turbine modified engine.
Activation time- and electrical power-dependent deformation behavior of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics
Authors: Ashir Moniruddoza
Published: March 2019

There is considerable need for research into the application potential of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics based on shape memory alloys, in particular with regard to industry-specific solutions. Hence, this paper presents the activation time- and voltage amplitude-dependent deformation behavior of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics incorporating shape memory alloy. In order to attain this goal, shape memory alloy was textile-technically converted into shape memory alloy hybrid yarn using the friction spinning technology. Subsequently, the manufactured hybrid yarn was integrated into the reinforcing fabric in the warp direction using weaving technology. To increase the deformation potential of the adaptive fiber-reinforced plastic, a hinged woven fabric was developed by floating of the warp yarn. The functionalized preform was infused by the Seemann Corporation Resin Infusion Molding Process. Later, an extensive electro-mechanical characterization of the adaptive fiber-reinforced plastic by varying electrical power resulting from the varying voltage amplitude and activation time was completed. The maximum deformation of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics was achieved at an electrical power of 95 W (50 V/1.9 A) and 60 s of thermal induced activation.
Why Do People Experience the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO)? Exposing the Link Between the Self and the FoMO Through Self-Construal
Authors: Dogan Volkan
Published: March 2019

With the advent of social media, it is getting easier to be informed about different aspects of individuals’ lives. Therefore, experiencing fear of missing out (FoMO), which is characterized by the desire to stay continually connected with others, is becoming increasingly widespread among people. The concept of FoMO has drawn considerable attention from researchers; however, past research has yet to expose the link between the self-concept and FoMO. Drawing on the self-construal theory, we argue that the construal of the interdependent self underlies FoMO. In other words, the current article proposes that people with interdependent self-construal are more vulnerable to FoMO. In Study 1, we conducted online survey research with 566 MTurk participants, 287 U.S. participants and 279 Indian participants. In Study 2, we conducted an experiment with two conditions with 188 MTurk participants residing in the United States. The findings from the two studies provide consistent and convergent findings that FoMO is positively associated with interdependent self-construal. Implications are discussed and further research suggestions are provided.
Welfare Conditionality and Blaming the Unemployed
Authors: McGann Michael , Nguyen Phuc , Considine Mark
Published: March 2019

Welfare recipients are increasingly subject to various forms of work-related conditionality that, critics argue, presuppose a “pathological” theory of unemployment that stigmatizes welfare recipients as de-motivated to work. Drawing on surveys of Australian frontline employment services staff, we examine the extent to which caseworkers attribute being on benefits to recipients’ lack of motivation, and whether this problem figuration of unemployment is associated with a “harder edged” approach to activation. We find that it is, although it is diminishing. This reflects how frontline discretion has become more routinized from the application of more intensive forms of performance monitoring and compliance auditing.
The teaching of philosophy in public administration programmes
Authors: Ongaro Edoardo
Published: March 2019

Public administration can be considered as an applied, interdisciplinary field, whose study demands the contribution of a range of disciplines, including political science, management, law, sociology and others. The article argues that the disciplines of public administration should also include philosophy, not as a discipline (philosophy is not a discipline in the sense modern sciences are; rather, at the roots of philosophy are key questions: what there is (ontology); who we are (philosophy of the mind); how to live well (ethics); how to live well together (political philosophy) and so on) but as the foundation of all the other disciplines studying public administration, from political science (whose roots are in political philosophy), to management and sociology (whose underpinnings are in ontological conceptions of the individual and society), to law (whose roots are in the philosophy of law) and so on. If philosophy is foundational to public administration, then two key questions arise: in researching public administration, what is the contribution of philosophy to advancing our understanding of public administration? And in the teaching of public administration, what is the place of philosophy in the curricula of public administration programmes? The article, after briefly reviewing the philosophical foundations of public administration, aims to discuss the latter question about the contribution of philosophy to educational and training programmes in the field of public administration, and the place of philosophy in public administration education curricula.