bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity and safety of the MF59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine in non-elderly adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Domnich Alexander , Trombetta Carlo-Simone , Fallani Elettra , Salvatore Marco
Published: December 2024

Objective

In Europe, the age indication for the MF59-adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aQIV) has recently been extended from ≥65 to ≥50 years. Considering that the earliest approval of its trivalent formulation (aTIV) in Italy was for people aged ≥12 years, we aimed to systematically appraise data on the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of aTIV/aQIV in non-elderly adults.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted according to the available guidelines and studies were searched in MEDLINE, Biological Abstracts, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and clinical trial registries. Studies on absolute and relative immunogenicity, efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of aTIV/aQIV in non-elderly adults (<65 years) were potentially eligible. These endpoints were analyzed by virus (sub)types and characteristics of vaccinees. Fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses were performed for data synthesis. Protocol registration: CRD42024512472.

Results

Twenty-four publications were analyzed. aTIV/aQIV was more immunogenic than non-adjuvanted vaccines towards vaccine-like strains: the absolute differences in seroconversion rates were 8.8% (95% CI: 3.7%, 14.0%), 13.1% (95% CI: 6.7%, 19.6%) and 11.7% (95% CI: 7.2%, 16.2%) for A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B strains, respectively. This immunogenicity advantage was more pronounced in immunosuppressed adults. Additionally, aTIV/aQIV was more immunogenic than non-adjuvanted counterparts towards heterologous A(H3N2) strains with a 10.7% (95% CI: 3.2%, 18.2%) difference in seroconversion rates. Data on antibody persistence and efficacy were limited and inconclusive. Overall, aTIV/aQIV was judged safe and well tolerated, although reactogenic events were more frequent in aTIV/aQIV recipients versus comparators. Serious adverse events were uncommon and no difference (risk ratio 1.02; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.63) between aTIV/aQIV and non-adjuvanted formulations was found.

Conclusions

In non-elderly adults, aTIV/aQIV is safe and generally more immunogenic than non-adjuvanted standard-dose vaccines.
Prevalence and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a newly identified endemic site in South-Ethiopia
Authors: Merdekios Behailu , Kote Mesfin , Pareyn Myrthe , Van Geertruyden Jean-Pierre , van Griensven Johan
Published: December 2024

Background

Although there are several areas in southern Ethiopia environmentally favourable for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), studies on the existence and risk factors of CL are lacking beyond a few well-known hotspots. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of CL in Bilala Shaye, a village in the southern Ethiopian highlands at an altitude of 2,250 meters.

Methods

A cross-sectional house-to-house survey was done between July-August 2021. Those with skin lesions were clinically assessed and data on individual risk behaviour and environmental and household features were collected using questionnaires. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify independent risk factors of CL at a 5% significance level with two-sided P-values <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Result

A total of 1012 individuals were interviewed; the median age was 23 years (interquartile range 12–50), with 7% below the age of five; 51% were female. All households had domestic animals, and for 143 (57%) households goats/sheep lived inside or around the house. Animal dung was found in the compounds of 194 (77%) households. The overall prevalence of active CL was 2.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–3.6), reaching 6.7% (95% CI 3.6–11.2) in children between 5–12 years old. The prevalence of CL scars was 38.5% (95% CI 35.5–41.6). In multivariate analysis, the presence of animal dung in the compound (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3–3.5, P = 0.003) and time spent outside in the late evening in areas where hyraxes live (adjusted OR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7–3.3, P <0.001) were identified as independent risk factors.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the existence of CL in this village, with the high prevalence of CL scars indicating long-term endemicity. Further studies are needed to understand the role of animals and their dung in (peri)-domestic CL transmission.
Prognostic value of procalcitonin in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qiyuan Pang , Changyang Lin , Gaigai Li , Ju Qiu , Xun Zhou
Published: December 2024

Aims

To evaluate the prognostic role of procalcitonin(PCT) on all-cause mortality in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Methods

Database including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to find relevant trials. We included studies with patients hospitalized for AECOPD, which assessed procalcitonin levels and reported on the association between procalcitonin and mortality..

Results

Fourteen trials involving 2983 patients were included. We found PCT levels in patients hospitalized for AECOPD are not associated with increased risk of mortality (RR 1.03, 95%CI 0.99–1.08). However, subgroup analysis showed PCT levels are indeed associated with an increased risk of mortality in mild to moderate AECOPD(RR 1.74, 95%CI 1.11–2.73). Deceased patients had significantly higher PCT levels, compared to survivors (MD 0.61, 95%CI 0.30–0.92). In PCT positive group, there was a significant increase in all-cause mortality(OR 3.21, 95%CI 1.84–5.61).

Conclusions

Results from this meta-analysis suggest that procalcitonin levels at the time of hospital admission for mild to moderate AECOPD are positively correlated with mortality.
Association between demographic, clinical characteristics and severe complications by SARS-CoV-2 infection in a community-based healthcare network in Chile
Authors: Leniz Javiera , Hernández-Jaña Sam , Soto Mauricio , Arenas Eduardo , Margozzini Paula , Suarez Francisco , Capurro Daniel , Rojas María Paulina , Bambs Claudia
Published: December 2024

Background

Most of the evidence on risk factors for COVID-19 complications comes from North America or Europe with very little research from Latin-America. We aimed to evaluate the association between sociodemographic, clinical factors and the risk of COVID-19 complications among adults in Chile, the fifth Latin-American country with more COVID-19 reported cases since de beginning of the Pandemic.

Methods

A retrospective population-based cohort study using data from electronic health records from a large Primary Care Network, linked to national hospital, immunization, Covid-19 PCR surveillance, mortality and birth records. We included people 18+ years old enrolled in the Primary Care Network between 1st January 2020 and 31st December 2021. Using Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, we evaluate the association between sociodemographic, clinical characteristics with three COVID-19 complications: (1) a hospital admission, (2) an ICU admission, and (3) death due to a COVID-19 infection that occurred between the 1st January 2020 and the 31st December 2021.

Results

44,674 people were included. The mean age was 44.30 (sd 17.31), 55.6% were female, 15.9% had a type of healthcare insurance for people from the lowest category of income, 11.6% and 9.4% had a record of hypertension or diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Among the 44,674 people, 455 (1.02%) had a hospital admission due to a COVID-19 infection and 216(0.48%) of them also had an ICU admission. Among the 44,674 people,148(0.33%) died due to COVID-19 infection. Older age and male sex were consistently associated with a higher risk of the three COVID-19 complications. Hypertension and diabetes were associated with a higher risk of a hospital admission and death, but not with an ICU admissions due to COVID-19 infection. Having two or more COVID-19 vaccine doses compared with no doses was associated with a lower risk of any hospital admission (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.77–0.84), an ICU admission (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.57–0.63) and death (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.46–0.54). Pregnant or puerperal women were more likely to be admitted to hospital (HR 2.89; 95% CI 1.41–5.89) or ICU (HR 3.04; 95% CI 1.01–9.14).

Conclusions

Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with COVID-19 complications such as age, sex and pre-existing conditions were comparable to those reported in similar studies from higher-income countries, and can be used to predict severity in COVID-19 patients.
Ascertaining provider-level implicit bias in electronic health records with rules-based natural language processing: A pilot study in the case of prostate cancer
Authors: Ramaswamy Ashwin , Hung Michael , Pelt Joe , Iranmahboub Parsa , Calderon Lina P. , Scherr Ian S. , Wang Gerald , Green David , Patel Neal , McClure Timothy D. , Barbieri Christopher , Hu Jim C. , Lindvall Charlotta , Scherr Douglas S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Implicit, unconscious biases in medicine are personal attitudes about race, ethnicity, gender, and other characteristics that may lead to discriminatory patterns of care. However, there is no consensus on whether implicit bias represents a true predictor of differential care given an absence of real-world studies. We conducted the first real-world pilot study of provider implicit bias by evaluating treatment parity in prostate cancer using unstructured data–the most common way providers document granular details of the patient encounter.

Methods and findings

Patients ≥18 years with a diagnosis of very-low to favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer followed by 3 urologic oncologists from 2010 through 2021. The race Implicit Association Test was administered to all providers. Natural language processing screened human annotation using validated regex ontologies evaluated each provider’s care on four prostate cancer quality indicators: (1) active surveillance utilization; (2) molecular biomarker discussion; (3) urinary function evaluation; and (4) sexual function evaluation. The chi-squared test and phi coefficient were utilized to respectively measure the statistical significance and the strength of association between race and four quality indicators. 1,094 patients were included. While Providers A and B demonstrated no preference on the race Implicit Association Test, Provider C showed preference for White patients. Provider C recommended active surveillance (p<0.01, φ = 0.175) and considered biomarkers (p = 0.047, φ = 0.127) more often in White men than expected, suggestive of treatment imparity. Provider A considered biomarkers (p<0.01, φ = 0.179) more often in White men than expected. Provider B demonstrated treatment parity in all evaluated quality indicators (p>0.05).

Conclusions

In this pilot study, providers’ practice patterns were associated with both patient race and implicit racial preferences in prostate cancer. Alerting providers of existing implicit bias may restore parity, however future assessments are needed to validate this concept.
Content validation of an activity-based therapy tracking tool in a community setting for people living with spinal cord injury or disease using cognitive debriefing interviews
Authors: Kaiser Anita , Idd Hanan , Chan Katherine , Djuric Alexander , Marshall Sandi , Cairns-Mills Heather , Leo Jennifer , Musselman Kristin E.
Published: December 2024

Background

Activity-based therapy (ABT) has shown promise as a viable therapeutic intervention to promote neurorecovery in people with spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D). Tools that track the details of ABT sessions may facilitate the collection of data needed to inform best practice guidelines for ABT.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content validity of a prototype ABT tracking tool.

Methods

Nine clinicians and five individuals with SCI/D from three community-based ABT clinics in Canada used the prototype tracking tool over three ABT sessions and then participated in individual cognitive debriefing interviews. The interview guide was developed based on recommendations by Brod and colleagues for establishing content validity (i.e., appropriate, comprehensive, comprehensibility). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using deductive followed by inductive content analysis.

Results

Overall, the ABT tracking tool was found to have good content validity. Identified categories included: (1) Content validity of the ABT tracking tool. Participants found the tool to be comprehensive and appropriate for all levels and severities of injury. Recommendations to improve the tool included adding a comment section and additional parameters to each activity. (2) Facilitators of tool use, dissemination and implementation. Using the tool during rest breaks or after the session were suggested to maximize therapy time. Providing the tool as an app and offering education and training on use of the tool were highly recommended. Advertising through community clinics and social media may facilitate dissemination of the tool. (3) Barriers of tool use, dissemination and implementation. The paper format of the tool, added workload, learning curve and challenge to adopt a new documentation system were considered barriers to tool use.

Conclusions

The prototype ABT tracking tool was validated for content using cognitive debriefing interviews. Recommendations will be used to improve the tool and assist in dissemination and implementation efforts.
Factors influencing the behavior and challenges faced by visually impaired individuals in waste separation
Authors: Srijuntrapun Patranit , Sirirungruang Issavara
Published: December 2024

Understanding the behavior and the challenges of visually impaired individuals in waste separation remains a significant research gap that affects the development of an inclusive and sustainable society. This research study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the waste separation behavior of visually impaired people and the key obstacles that these individuals face in public spaces. The study uses a quantitative approach, relying on surveys to gather data from a sample of 358 visually impaired individuals through the use of structured questionnaires. The data was then examined using multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that 91.1% possessed a moderate understanding of waste segregation, while 97.7% held generally positive attitudes toward the practice. Approximately 74.9% of the participants actively engaged in waste segregation at a moderate level. Motivation emerged as the most significant influence of proper waste management behavior, alongside attitude and knowledge. However, challenges persist in public settings, where 69.3% of participants discarded waste without regard to bin types, primarily due to difficulties in distinguishing bin colors and general ignorance. To better address their needs, participants recommended practical solutions, such as bins designed to be distinguishable by shape or sound, ensuring a more accessible and inclusive waste segregation system. This research can help in designing targeted interventions that promote sustainable waste management practices for visually impaired individuals. It can also provide valuable information to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working towards creating inclusive and accessible waste management environments and processes for people with visual impairments.
Awareness of anaphylaxis among public in Al-Ahsa City of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alanazy Ahmed , Boodai Raja Saad , Alhulaybi Badiah Ibrahim , Alraihan Amenah Ibrahim , Almulhim Raghad Ahmed , Almulhim Bainah Fahad , Rajappan Suchithra K. , Alruwaili Abdullah , Alanazi Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Background

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction requiring prompt treatment with epinephrine. However, gaps in public understanding exist globally. To guide future education efforts, this study assessed anaphylaxis awareness among adults in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey assessed knowledge among 380 adults using a validated questionnaire. Convenience sampling was used with data collected via online platforms. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and associations were tested. We analyzed the data using SPSS software.

Results

Knowledge was suboptimal, with a mean score of 34.5/60. Most identified the anaphylaxis definition (76.1%) and rapid symptom onset (78.9% within minutes). But just 37.9% recognized epinephrine as a first-line treatment and only 17.4% had auto-injector training. Nearly half (48.4%) needed to learn the proper EpiPen injection site. Under half understood the need for long-term allergen avoidance. Older age, more education, and Job status were associated with higher scores.

Conclusion

This study reveals critical gaps in anaphylaxis knowledge among adults in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Poor understanding of emergency treatment and long-term management highlights the urgent need for improved public awareness. Targeted educational initiatives must emphasize prompt epinephrine administration, proper auto-injector use, and allergen avoidance. Collaborative efforts engaging healthcare professionals, schools, and policymakers are essential to enhance anaphylaxis preparedness through focused training and tailored awareness campaigns. This will empower the Saudi public to recognize symptoms quickly and respond effectively, saving lives from this dangerous allergic reaction.
Macro- and microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract in the red-eared slider (Emydidae: Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Miyai Nonoha , Kozono Takuma , Kuriki Tatsu , Todoroki Mai , Murakami Tomoaki , Shinohara Kyosuke , Yoshida Toshinori , Kigata Tetsuhito
Published: December 2024

The red-eared sliders (Emydidae: Trachemys scripta) is characterised by a high adaptability to a variety of environment and threatens the habitat of Japanese native species. The ability to digest a variety of diets may attribute to the high adaptive capacity of this species to various environments, however, the digestive morphology remains scarcely described in red-eared sliders. In this study, we investigated the macro- and microscopic anatomy of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine in red-eared sliders. All segments of the digestive tract had longitudinal mucosal folds, the height and width of which varied in each segment of the digestive tract. The stomach had the highest and widest mucosal folds. The mucosal folds in the proximal-to-middle small intestine exhibited a zigzag shape, whereas those in the distal small intestine were linear. The wall of the digestive tract regularly consisted of mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica adventitia or serosa. In each segment of the digestive tract, the epithelial structure was different. The esophagus and small intestine were lined by the pseudostratified columnar epithelium. In both segments, the basal part of the pseudostratified epithelium included proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive proliferating cells. The stomach and large intestine were lined by the simple columnar epithelium. In the stomach and large intestine, PCNA-positive proliferating cells were present in the neck of the proper gastric gland and crypt-like structures, respectively. The proper gastric gland was composed of oxynticopeptic and mucous cells. This study revealed the detailed macro- and microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract in red-eared sliders. Overall, our findings may provide an anatomical basis for understanding the relationship between morphology and function in the digestive tract of turtles.
Preparation and validation of the content of an instrument to assess the quality of services of reception with risk classification in obstetrics
Authors: de Oliveira Dannielly Azevedo , Ferreira Douglissandra de Morais , Lisboa Lilian Lira , Nobre Thaiza Teixeira Xavier
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The expectations and needs of users and those assisting determine the quality of services. It becomes a priority to understand how all elements involved in the care process perceive the quality of the services offered, aiming to intervene promptly and organize them to satisfy the needs of both and improve the assistance provided.

Objective

To develop and carry out content validation of an instrument for evaluating the quality of the Reception service with Risk Classification in obstetrics with evaluation dimensions for users, health professionals, and managers.

Methodology

This is a methodological study for constructing and validating content. Consider the Pasquali Model, following the theoretical pole’s component steps and the empirical’s beginning. An instrument was created and divided into 3 modules: with a dimension for the user (module 1), health workers (module 2), and manager (module 3), created based on the theoretical framework according to Donabedian and the objectives proposed by the World Health Organization and Brazilian Ministry of Health. Validated for content by a committee of judges (experts) specializing in the area of the instrument. The analysis was carried out based on the committee’s agreement rate, Content Validity Index (CVI), and Kappa index for the evaluation and achievement of the ideal parameters of agreement and content validity of the tool among the judges.

Results

The results suggest that the tool has good content validity. CVI, Kappa, and CI were evaluated above 0.8. Item values considered lower than 0.8 were excluded.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the tool has good content validity, and the pilot test stage can be continued to complete the validation process.
Exploring perceived walkability in one-way commercial streets: An application of 360° immersive videos
Authors: Vo Dao Chi , Kim Jeongseob
Published: December 2024

This study explores the perceived walkability of one-way commercial streets by utilizing immersive 360-degree virtual reality (VR) videos. While one-way roads are often introduced to facilitate smooth traffic flow on narrow roads, providing safe and walkable environments for pedestrians on the one-way roads is crucial, especially in commercial areas with heavy pedestrian traffic. We recruited 40 students to assess the perceived walkability of one-way roads based on ten VR scenarios. For each scenario, variables such as road width, one-way traffic status, vehicle approach direction, and the presence of sidewalks were configured differently. This study found that while there is awareness of one-way road types, the presence of sidewalks is considered critical factor contributing to enhanced perceived walkability on narrow commercial street. In the condition of narrow road width, one-way roads are the only applicable road layout to have a sidewalk, implying the potential of one-way roads for better walkability. Besides, the study also revealed the high correlation between five dimensions of perceived walkability, emphasizing their role to enhance perceived walkability in a setting of one-way roads. This study’s findings could be utilized for more systematic walkability assessments and urban design improvements, especially in constrained road spaces.
Solving the maximum cut problem using Harris Hawk Optimization algorithm
Authors: Islam Md. Rafiqul , Islam Md. Shahidul , Boni Pritam Khan , Sarker Aldrin Saurov , Anam Md. Asif
Published: December 2024

The objective of the max-cut problem is to cut any graph in such a way that the total weight of the edges that are cut off is maximum in both subsets of vertices that are divided due to the cut of the edges. Although it is an elementary graph partitioning problem, it is one of the most challenging combinatorial optimization-based problems, and tons of application areas make this problem highly admissible. Due to its admissibility, the problem is solved using the Harris Hawk Optimization algorithm (HHO). Though HHO effectively solved some engineering optimization problems, is sensitive to parameter settings and may converge slowly, potentially getting trapped in local optima. Thus, HHO and some additional operators are used to solve the max-cut problem. Crossover and refinement operators are used to modify the fitness of the hawk in such a way that they can provide precise results. A mutation mechanism along with an adjustment operator has improvised the outcome obtained from the updated hawk. To accept the potential result, the acceptance criterion has been used, and then the repair operator is applied in the proposed approach. The proposed system provided comparatively better outcomes on the G-set dataset than other state-of-the-art algorithms. It obtained 533 cuts more than the discrete cuckoo search algorithm in 9 instances, 1036 cuts more than PSO-EDA in 14 instances, and 1021 cuts more than TSHEA in 9 instances. But for four instances, the cuts are lower than PSO-EDA and TSHEA. Besides, the statistical significance has also been tested using the Wilcoxon signed rank test to provide proof of the superior performance of the proposed method. In terms of solution quality, MC-HHO can produce outcomes that are quite competitive when compared to other related state-of-the-art algorithms.
The influence and spatial spillover effects of producer services agglomeration on urban green development in China
Authors: Gong Weimin , Wang Chengxin , Men Dan , Zhang Ming , Wang Jian
Published: December 2024

Based on the analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of producer services agglomeration and urban green development efficiency in China, this study measures the influence and spatial spillover effects of producer services agglomeration on urban green development. Research results reveal that the specialization agglomeration level of producer services has undergone a dynamic decline process, demonstrating spatial characteristics where the east exhibits higher levels than the west, and the north surpasses the south. In contrast, the diversification agglomeration level of producer services has demonstrated a consistent upward trajectory, characterized by a spatial distribution that is broadly scattered but concentrated on a smaller scale. Regarding China’s urban green development, its efficiency shows a dynamic upward trend and displays characteristics of agglomeration and contiguous development in space. Overall, both modes of producer services agglomeration have beneficial diffusion impacts on urban ecological advancement. Furthermore, the impact of this agglomeration on the efficiency of green development notably varies across regions and industries.
Response of sorghum genotypes to anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) resistance under field conditions in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Aragaw Girmay , Terefe Habtamu
Published: December 2024

Sorghum anthracnose is one of the major diseases that have negative impacts on sorghum production in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance response of sorghum genotypes against sorghum anthracnose and to determine yield performances of sorghum genotypes under field conditions in two consecutive cropping years. Forty-nine sorghum genotypes were tested for their reactions to anthracnose in the East and West Hararghe Zones, East Ethiopia, during the 2017 and 2018 main cropping seasons. The design of the experiment was laid out in triple lattice square design with three replications. Anthracnose severity was assessed on 16 randomly selected and pre-tagged sorghum plants in the middle two rows of each plot. The eight subsequent times of severity assessments were used to evaluate the response of the genotypes to sorghum anthracnose. The ranges of the mean severity of anthracnose in 2017 and 2018 were 35 to 91% and 38 to 93%, respectively. In 2017 and 2018, the area under disease progress curve varied from 1744 to 3865% of days and from 2354 to 4908% of days, respectively. During the two growing seasons, the genotype ETSL 101469 displayed the highest anthracnose severity, followed by BTX-623. In both experimental years, anthracnose had very strong negative relationships with grain yield and thousand seed weight. The current study demonstrated how Ethiopian sorghum genotypes affect anthracnose development in the field conditions. Throughout the two experimental years, the sorghum genotypes ETSL 100335, ETSL 100395, ETSL 10474, ETSL 100523, ETSL 100498, ETSL 100989, ETSL 100597, and ETSL 101000 continuously exhibited lower disease levels than the other genotypes. Therefore, it is advised to use these genotypes as alternate sources of sorghum anthracnose resistance. Nonetheless, further research across location is necessary to validate their anthracnose resistance in a variety of agro-ecologies.
Colchicine combination therapy increases treatment tolerance in patients with arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Changwei , Hao Xiaogang , Cai Wenjun , Zeng Ling-Feng , Zhao Wenhai , Li Xiangxin
Published: December 2024

Background

Arthritis seriously affects people’s quality of life, and there is an urgent clinical need to improve the efficacy of medications as well as to reduce the adverse effects induced by treatment. Combined colchicine therapy is gradually being embraced in clinical care, but the evidence remains insufficient.

Methods

English databases were searched from the establishment to September 4, 2024. Eleven eligible Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The quality of the literature was assessed by the risk of bias tool in the Cochrane Handbook. Relative risk (RR) and Cohen’s d (SMD) were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively, at 95% confidence interval (CI), and Stata 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Sensitivity analyses were used to verify the stability of the analyzed results, and heterogeneity analyses were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity in the studies. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias.

Results

Eleven eligible RCTs were included in this study. Compared with conventional treatment, combined colchicine treatment improved patient’s global assessment results (SMD = 1.24, 95% CI [0.01, 2.47], P = 0.05, I2 = 0]), stiffness (SMD = -0.81, 95% CI [-1.43, -0.19], P = 0.01, I2 = 63.91%]) and did not increase adverse effects (RR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.31, 1.27], P = 0.36, I2 = 0.00%). However, combined colchicine treatment did not improve visual analog scores (VAS) (SMD = -0.96, 95% CI [-2.85, 0.93], P = 0.13, I2 = 97.99%]), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.27], P = 0.91, I2 = 0]), WOMAC function (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI [-0.36, 0.16], P = 0.44, I2 = 0]), Total WOMAC scale (SMD = -0.05, 95% CI [-0.33, 0.22], P = 0.70, I2 = 0]), physician ’s global assessment (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI [-2.27, 3.00], P = 0.79, I2 = 97.04%]) and Modified Clinical Health Assessment Questionnaire (ModHAD) (SMD = -1.72, 95% CI [-4.90,1.45], P = 0.29, I2 = 99.11%]).

Conclusion

Compared with colchicine alone, combination therapy improves patients’ quality of life without increasing the incidence of adverse events.
Preliminary evaluation of ex vivo and in vivo skin permeability of aromatic amines
Authors: Yanagiba Yukie , Ono Megumi , Toyooka Tatsushi , Wang Rui-Sheng
Published: December 2024

A potential link has been reported between skin exposure to aromatic amines, such as ortho-toluidine (OT) and 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (MOCA), and bladder cancer cases observed in Japanese chemical factories. To evaluate this association, we explored the permeability of OT and MOCA through pig skin and investigated the subsequent changes in plasma and urine concentrations in rats following percutaneous exposure. Employing Yucatan micropig skin, we first executed a permeability test by affixing the skin to a diffusion cell and applying 14C-labeled OT or MOCA. The receptor fluid’s radioactivity was quantified at intervals of 1, 3, 6, 8, 24, and 48 h after application using a liquid scintillation counter. Next, we applied lint cloths drenched in OT and MOCA solutions to the backs of 7-week-old male F344 rats and monitored plasma and urine concentrations over time. Additionally, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of 14C-labeled OT or MOCA solutions for 8 h following percutaneous administration. Both OT and MOCA demonstrated high skin penetration; in particular, plasma concentrations significantly rose at 6 h for OT and 8 h for MOCA after exposure. However, OT was rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and swiftly excreted into the urine, indicating quick absorbability. In contrast, MOCA penetrated the skin quickly but exhibited delayed bloodstream entry and urinary excretion, suggesting slower absorbability. Pharmacokinetic findings revealed the rapid urinary excretion of OT, whereas MOCA was excreted in the urine and potentially in the feces as well via bile. These findings indicate that implementing measures based on chemical absorbability could significantly enhance the management of industrial chemicals where percutaneous absorbability is a concern.
Exploring the perspectives of healthcare workers and Program managers on the use of Truenat as a new tool for TB and DR-TB diagnosis in Nigeria: A qualitative study
Authors: Nwokoye Nkiru , Ihesie Austin , Olabamiji Jamiu , Ochei Kingsley , Eneogu Rupert , Umoren Michael , Odola Femi , Nongo Debby , Agbaje Aderonke , Odume Bethrand , Oyelaran Omosalewa , van Germert Wayne , Mupfumi Lucy , Emeka Elom , Anyaike Chukwuma , Scalise Sarah Cook , Ossai Edmund Ndudi
Published: December 2024

Background

World Health Organization in the year 2020 recommended the use of Truenat as a replacement for smear microscopy in Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and detection of rifampicin resistance. This study was designed to assess enablers and barriers to effective implementation of Truenat assays for TB diagnosis in Nigeria and determine the acceptability of use of Truenat among healthcare workers and TB Program managers in Nigeria.

Methods

A descriptive exploratory study design was used. Qualitative data were collected via Zoom platform using a pre-tested focus group discussion (FGD) guide and key informant interview (KII) guide. Four FGDs were conducted among Truenat laboratory staff, State Quality Assurance Officers, Local Government Tuberculosis Supervisors and Clinicians working at Truenat sites. Three KIIs were conducted among laboratory leads of Truenat implementing partners and the National TB Control Program.

Results

All the participants attested to the reliability and acceptability of Truenat results, they also highlighted the portability and ease-of-use especially for community outreach testing. Stakeholder engagement, training of Truenat laboratory staff and the perceived low operational cost associated with Truenat were the enablers of Truenat implementation. Major barriers to the implementation included human resource for health constraints, lack of power supply, frequent Trueprep breakdown and Truenat machine connectivity. The same human resource constraint was viewed as the major barrier to scale up of Truenat while employment and retention of Truenat staff coupled with training were seen as the facilitators to scale-up. The participants implored the manufacturers of Truenat to increase the number of modules for Truenat, enable the use of stool for diagnosis of TB and attach a solar panel to the machine.

Conclusion

Truenat has gained high acceptance among health workers and TB Program managers in Nigeria. The perceived low operational cost and low infrastructural requirements have been a major boost. There is a need to ensure the retention of health workers especially the Truenat laboratory staff. Training should be sustained including the payment of incentives. Increasing the number of modules of the Truenat machine, enabling the use of stool for TB diagnosis and having a solar panel attached to Truenat machine are essential.
Perceived mistreatment in patients with rheumatic diseases: The impact of the underlying diagnosis
Authors: Contreras-Yáñez Irazú , Ledón-LLanes Loraine , Guaracha-Basañez Guillermo Arturo , Sánchez-Hernández América , Ortiz-Haro Ana Belén , Pascual-Ramos Virginia
Published: December 2024

Background

Mistreatment is a complex problem that impacts people’s quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. In aged people, it has been associated with female sex, poor general health, depression, functional and cognitive decline, and increased dependence levels, all of which are well-recognized characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases (RMDs). The objective was to describe the mistreatment phenomenon in Mexican patients with RMDs. We additionally report the adaptation and validation of the Geriatric Mistreatment Scale (GMS) in the target population.

Patients and methods

This cross-sectional study was developed in two phases (June 28, 2023-February 2, 2024), and three convenience samples were used: S-1 (n = 30), S-2 (n = 260), and S-3 (n = 372). Phase 1 consisted of adapting the GMS to RMDs (RMD-MS) (experts’ agreement), followed by RMD-MS face validity (pilot testing, S-1), content validity (experts’ agreement), concurrent criterion validity (family APGAR score ≤3, S-2), construct validity (exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity, S-2), reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability, S-2) and feasibility (in S-1). Phase 2 consisted of the mistreatment description in S-3.

Results

Patients represented typical RMD outpatients with substantial disease duration. There were 187 (50.3%) patients with overall mistreatment, and psychological was the most frequent in 142 (75.9%) patients, followed by neglect mistreatment in 96 (51.3%), sexual in 30 (16%), physical in 23 (12.3%), and economic mistreatment in 20 (10.7%) patients. Patients’ perceived mistreatment was related to the underlying RMD in 13.3% of sexual mistreatment and 53.3% of psychological mistreatment. The number of "I do not want to answer" responses raised to 21.7%-67.7% for abusers’ sex and 40%-72.9% for the abusers’ relationship with the participant. The RMD-MS was valid, reliable, and feasible.

Conclusions

Half of the Mexican patients with RMDs perceived some mistreatment, most frequently psychological mistreatment, which is also often perceived as related to the underlying RMD.
Can ICT investment promote green development? new insights from highly polluting listed enterprises in China
Authors: Wang Yingdong , Li Qingbo
Published: December 2024

Green development is related to the long-term sustainable development of enterprises, but there is little literature on the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) investment on green development of enterprises. To fill this gap, based on the sample of A-share high-polluting industry enterprises in China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2007 to 2019, this paper uses the dynamic panel threshold model to deeply study the non-linear impact of ICT investment on green development. This paper found that: (1) there is a threshold effect on the impact of ICT investment on green development of enterprises in high-polluting industries, and when ICT investment breaks through the threshold value, it can promote green development. This conclusion remains robust after the estimation of Multi-period DID model and instrumental variable; (2) ICT investment mainly promotes green development of enterprises by improving production efficiency and promoting green technology innovation; (3) ICT investment has a significant impact on green development of enterprises with higher management level, heavy industrial enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, but has no significant impact on green development of enterprises with lower management level, light industrial enterprises and state-owned enterprises. And digital technology investment has a stronger role in promoting green development than traditional ICT investment. This paper proposes that enterprises in high-pollution industries can increase ICT investment to promote green development.
Social vulnerability and exposure to private well water
Authors: Wamsley Miriam , Coker Eric S. , Wilson Robin Taylor , Henry Kevin , Murphy Heather M.
Published: December 2024

One quarter of the population of Pennsylvania relies on private domestic well water: two-fold greater than the US average. Private well owners are responsible for the maintenance and treatment of their water supply. Targeted interventions are needed to support these well owners to ensure they have access to safe drinking water, free of contaminants. To develop appropriate interventions, an understanding of the characteristics and social vulnerability of communities with high well water use is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial patterning of social vulnerability in Pennsylvania and assess the association between social vulnerability and private domestic wells using profile regression. Census data and water supply information were used to estimate the proportion of the population using domestic wells. Ten area-level measures of social vulnerability at the census-tract level were investigated, using Bayesian profile regression to link clustering of social vulnerability profiles with prevalence of private domestic wells. Profile regression results indicated 15 distinct profiles of social vulnerability that differ significantly according to the area-level prevalence of domestic well use frequency. Out of these, two profiles of census tracts were identified as socially vulnerable and had a high proportion of well-water users, representing approximately 1.1 million Pennsylvanians or a third of all well water users in the State. High area-level social vulnerability profiles coincide with a high frequency of private well-water use in PA. This study presents a data-driven approach to supporting public health programs aimed at reducing exposure and health risks of chemical and infectious agents in household water supplies by targeting vulnerable populations.
Ultrasound elastography in dogs: Physical principles and application in intestinal evaluation
Authors: Oliveira Iago Martins , da Silva Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues , Ribeiro Rafaela Rodrigues , Lopes Mariana Moreira , Costa Paulo Renato dos Santos , Borges Naida Cristina
Published: December 2024

Ultrasound elastography provides diagnostic information based on tissue elasticity. There is a lack of specific studies on the application of elastography in canine intestinal assessment. Therefore, we reviewed comparative medicine studies and those referring to the literature listed in the databases. Static and dynamic elastography techniques are widely applied in human intestinal diseases, especially Chron’s disease, but few studies have investigated the application of these modalities in canine enteropathies. This case raises questions about the use of new diagnostic imaging techniques in veterinary gastroenterology and highlights the need for further research. Hence, this study aimed to review the literature on the physical principles of elastography and its clinical application in the intestinal evaluation of dogs.

Keywords: canine elasticity, intestine elasticity, tissue stiffness.
Standardization and validation of a novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method for detecting virulent strains of the infectious bursal disease virus
Authors: Longa-Bobadilla Vladimir , Ormeño-Vásquez Phillip , Criollo-Orozco Manuel , Tataje-Lavanda Luis , Huamán-Gutierrez Katherine , Montalván Ángela , Zimic Mirko , Fernández-Sanchez Manolo , Fernández-Díaz Manolo
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim: Gumboro disease is an economically crucial veterinary condition in chickens. It is caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). This virus consists of two serotype groups, of which serotype I strain is pathogenic to chickens. For many years, the development of molecular techniques for either diagnostic purposes or surveillance of the appearance of new pathogenic strains has mainly focused on targeting the VP2 genomic region. However, due to the constant necessity for the discrimination between already prevalent vaccine strains and new pathogenic strains of this virus, it becomes imperative to have an immediate molecular method targeting a consensus sequence to achieve this task using field samples to reduce costs. Consequently, we focused on developing a novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure solely for this purpose.

Materials and Methods: Eight VP5 sequences were aligned, and the sequence with the majority of nucleotide coincidences was used to design a set of consensus primers. Then, a pathogenic strain of IBDV was propagated in embryonated chicken eggs, and the viral RNA was extracted. Finally, the conditions for this novel RT-PCR were evaluated using a commercial kit and the newly designed primers.

Results: After determining the optimal RT-PCR conditions, the newly designed primers successfully amplified a 402-bp consensus sequence of the VP5 gene. In addition, these primers specifically amplified the VP5 sequence of the IBDV-positive samples, not the other samples previously confirmed to be positive for other common poultry pathogens.

Conclusion: Our novel RT-PCR procedure has been demonstrated to be helpful in selectively amplifying the consensus sequence of the VP5 gene, indicating that this novel RT-PCR procedure constitutes an important and useful tool to execute initial discrimination of field-retrieved samples containing and not containing virulent strains of this virus before deciding to execute a blindly and more costly sequencing procedure of all the samples together.

Keywords: alignment of sequences, infectious bursal disease virus, novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, virulent strains, VP5 gene.
Fatores críticos de sucesso na implementação de ERP cloud em PMEs: Um estudo de caso em organizações brasileiras
Authors: Barbieri Leonardo Moro , Sott Michele Kremer
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Este estudo visa identificar e discutir os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) que impactam a implementação de ERP Cloud em Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs). Método: Realizou-se um estudo de casos múltiplos em PMEs brasileiras para identificar como os FCS impactaram o processo de implementação do ERP Cloud. Os dados qualitativos foram obtidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O software NVivo foi utilizado para a codificação das entrevistas, a partir da qual foi realizada análise de conteúdo. Originalidade/Relevância: Este estudo identifica e compila os FCS que impactam a implementação de ERP Cloud em PMEs. Além disso, analisa o impacto de cada FCS por meio de casos reais de PMEs. Resultados: Foram identificados 16 FCS que impactam a implementação de Cloud ERP em PMEs. Os FCS foram classificados de acordo com o framework TOE (fatores organizacionais, ambientais e tecnológicos). Dentre os FCS que mais se destacam estão: competitividade, conhecimento em sistemas de informação, flexibilidade de acessibilidade, vantagem relativa e segurança. Além disso, dois novos FCS foram identificados: boas práticas e definição de processos. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Este estudo contribui com a literatura ao identificar dois novos FCS que impactam a implementação de ERP Cloud em PMEs. Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: Os resultados visam auxiliar PMEs na identificação de FCS na implementação de ERP Cloud. Também auxiliam empresas provedoras de ERP Cloud, que enfrentam diversos desafios para entregarem um sistema de forma eficiente e eficaz para seus clientes.