bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Surfactant and Controlled Release Polymer-based Solid
Dispersion
Authors: Gupta Aman , Paudwal Gourav , Dolkar Rigzin , Lewis Shaila , Gupta Prem N.
Published: February 2022

The oral route is the most preferred delivery route for drug administration due to its advantages such as lower cost, improved patient compliance, no need for trained personnel and the drug reactions are generally less severe. The major problem with new molecules in the drug discovery pipeline is poor solubility and dissolution rate that ultimately results in low oral bioavailability. Numerous techniques are available for solubility and bioavailability (BA) enhancement, but out of all, solid dispersion (SD) is proven to be the most feasible due to the least issues in manufacturing, processing, storage, and transportation. In the past few years, SD had been extensively applied to reinforce the common issues of insoluble drugs. Currently, many hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers are used to prepare either immediate release or controlled release SDs. Therefore, the biological behavior of the SDs is contingent upon the use of appropriate polymeric carriers and methods of preparation. The exploration of novel carriers and methodologies in SD technology leads to improved BA and therapeutic effectiveness. Moreover, the clinical applicability of SD-based formulations has been increased with the discovery of novel polymeric carriers. In this review, emphasis is laid down on the present status of recent generations of SDs (i.e., surfactant and controlled release polymer-based SD) and their application in modifying the physical properties of the drug and modulation of pharmacological response in different ailments.
Synthesis of Novel Urea and Sulfonamide Derivatives of Isatin Schiff Bases
as Potential Anti-cancer Agents
Authors: Demirel Ural U. , Ölgen Süreyya , Karaman Ecem F. , Tanol Mehmet , Özden Sibel , Göker Hakan
Published: February 2022

Background:

Among the many types of chemical scaffolds, isatin derivatives, including their
Schiff bases, have been extensively studied to find novel therapeutic agents against cancer. Amide or urea
groups containing derivatives were also discovered to be tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Objective:

This study aims to find potent compounds by designing 16 novel urea and sulfonamide derivatives
of isatin Schiff bases.

Method:

Compounds were tested against PC-3, HepG2, SH-SY5Y, A549 cancerous, and NIH/3T3 noncancerous
cell lines using cell culture assay.

Results:

Among the tested compounds 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7h, 8a, and 8f presented potential inhibitions
against cellular proliferation activities of HepG2 cells with average IC50 values of 31.97, 42.13, 31.50,
47.98, 32.59, 43.44, and 37.81 μM, respectively. They showed better inhibition potencies than the reference
compound doxorubicin, and its value was measured as 51.15 μM in the same culture assay. The
cytotoxic activities of the compounds in other cell lines were found to be less potent compared to doxorubicin.

Conclusion:

In vitro experiments demonstrated that designed compounds have the first evidence that they
might be active against hepatocellular carcinoma. According to ADME prediction results, all compounds
presented drug-like and good metabolic properties.
WITHDRAWN: Development, In Vitro and Ex-Vivo Assessment of CAP Liposomal Film for Dermal Delivery
Authors: babu Nikhilesh , Beeravelli Sudhakar , Murthy Kolapalli Venkata Ramana , Nimmathota Madhavi
Published: February 2022

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Recent Patents on Nanotechnology due to incoherent
content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere
must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Niosome-encapsulated Doxycycline Hyclate for Potentiation of Acne
Therapy: Formulation and Characterization
Authors: Kashani-Asadi-Jafari Fatemeh , Hadjizadeh Afra
Published: February 2022

Background:

Acne is the pilosebaceous units' disorder. The most important cause of
acne is the colonization of bacteria in the follicles. Among antibiotics, doxycycline hyclate kills a
wide range of bacteria.

Objectives:

The study aims to prevent oral administration's side effects, overcome the barriers of
conventional topical treatment, and improve the therapeutic effectiveness; this drug was loaded
into niosomal nanocarriers for topical application.

Methods:

Doxycycline hyclate was loaded into four niosomal formulations prepared by the thinfilm
hydration method with different percentages of constituents. Drug-containing niosomal systems
were evaluated for morphological properties via scanning electron microscopy, particle size,
drug entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, physical stability after 60 days, in
vitro drug permeation through rat skin, in vitro drug deposition in rat skin, toxicity on human dermal
fibroblasts (HDF) by MTT method after 72 hours, and antibacterial properties against the main
acne-causing bacteria via antibiogram test.

Results:

The best formulation had the appropriate particle size of 362.88 ± 13.05 nm to target follicles,
entrapment efficiency of 56.3 ± 2.1%, the zeta potential of - 24.46±1.39 mV, in vitro drug
release of 54.93 ± 1.99% after 32 hours, and the lowest permeation of the drug through the rat skin
among all other formulations. Improved cell viability, increased antibacterial activity, and an approximately
three-fold increase in drug deposition were the optimal niosomal formulation features
relative to the free drug.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated the ability of nano-niosomes containing doxycycline hyclate
to treat skin acne compared with the free drug.
Tıp Fakültesi Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Hekimlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutumları ve İletişim Becerilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DAĞTEKİN Gökçe , TAŞCIOĞLU Umur , ARSLANTAS Didem , ÜNSAL Alaettin
Published: February 2022

Amaç: Mesleğe yönelik olumlu tutuma sahip olan öğrencilerin, gerek öğrenimlerinde, gerekse de iş yaşamlarında daha başarılı olacakları düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle, öncelikle öğrencilerde mesleğe yönelik tutum ve bununla ilişkili olan faktörlerin ayrıntılı şekilde ortaya konması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinde son sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerde, hekimlik mesleğine yönelik tutum ve iletişim becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma, 2019 ve 2020 akademik yıllarında, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan son sınıf öğrencilerde gerçekleştirilen kesitsel tipte bir araştırmadır. Çalışmanın yapılabilmesi için gerekli idari izin ve etik onay alınmıştır. Tıp fakültesi son sınıf öğrencilerine, e-posta ortamında ulaştırılan bilgilendirilmiş gönüllü onam formu ile anket formun online olarak doldurulması istenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, örneklem hacmi Gpower3.1 istatistik paket programından yararlanılarak 188 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Veriler, bilgisayar ortamında SPSS (versiyon 15.0) İstatistik Paket Programında değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde Mann Whitney U analizi, Kruskal Wallis testi ve Spearman Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık değeri olarak p<0.05 kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışma grubunu 121’i(%44.8) kadın, 149’u(%55.2) erkek olmak üzere 270 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerin yaşları 22-29 arasında değişmekte olup, ortalaması 23.9±1.1 yıl idi. Çalışmada, Osmangazi Üç Faktörlü Hekimlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nden alınan toplam puan 25.0 ile 83.0 arasında değişmekte olup, ortancası 61.0 idi. Çalışma grubunda, Osmangazi Üç Faktörlü Hekimlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nden alınan toplam puan ortancası (min-max) erkeklerde 58(25-83), kadınlarda ise 62(32-82) olup; kadınların ölçekten aldıkları puanların daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin, İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği’nden aldıkları puan ortancasının 96.5(36.0-125.0) olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma grubunda, Osmangazi Üç Faktörlü Hekimlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nden alınan toplam puan ile, İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği’nden alınan puanlar arasında pozitif yönde bir korelasyon olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: Çalışma grubundaki öğrencilerin, hekimlik mesleğine yönelik tutumları iyileştikçe iletişim becerilerinin de olumlu yönde değişim gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Hekimlik mesleğine yönelik tutum ile, iletişim becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin daha net ortaya konabilmesi için ayrıntılı ve nitel çalışmaların planlanması önerilmiştir.
National Issue in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Historical Background
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Kameneva Marina
Published: February 2022

The article presents the background of studying the national issue and national relations in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is one of the largest multinational states of the Asian con-tinent with the population of about 85 million people. The nature of the approach of the power structures representatives to solving the national problems in modern Iranian society not only plays a significant role, but also often determines the ways to overcome emerging conflict situa-tions both in the domestic political and sociocultural spheres, as well as at the level of foreign policy discourse. These problems are among the most acute and least discussed subjects in mod-ern Iran. The primary focus is placed on the works of the Russian scientists, including the spe-cialists in Iranian studies of the Soviet period. However, there are also mentioned the studies by Iranian, American, Israeli researchers, as well as works of some specialists in Iranian studies from the countries of near abroad. Moreover, there are highlighted the works on ethno-confessional problems of modern Iran, which continue to arouse the interest of researchers, de-spite the constantly decreasing number of representatives of these communities in Iranian socie-ty. The analysis of the presented works on the national issues in domestic and foreign Iranian studies allows concluding that the national/ethnic discourse does occupy an important place in Iranian studies of the past and present, and that this tradition will be continued in the future.
Monte Carlo tree search for generating vectors of lattice rules
Authors: Palani Manoj Kumar
Published: February 2022

Lattice rules are widely studied in the context of quasi-Monte Carlo methods as a means to achieve a small integration error. The rules themselves are determined completely by so called generating vectors, so there is an interest in methods for constructing vectors that perform well. This article introduces a new component-wise construction of a generating vector using the principles of Monte Carlo tree search, with the goal of avoiding local optima. Error bounds are proven for the vectors obtained from this method, which are analogous to existing results for the popular component by component construction.
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Metabolic, Anthropometric and Blood Pressure Effects of Adding Two Kiwifruit or Bottled Water into the Diets of People with Pre-Diabetes: A Randomised, Parallel Group, Intervention Study
Authors:   New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand, Mishra Suman , Bentley-Hewitt Kerry ,   New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand, Lubransky Alexandra ,   Dept. of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand, Venn Bernard ,   Dept. of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand, Hedderley Duncan ,   New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand, Dinnan Hannah ,   New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand, Martell Sheridan ,   New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand, Haszard Jillian ,   Dept. of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand, Monro John ,   New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand,   Current Affiliation: Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
Published: February 2022

People with pre-diabetes may be reluctant to add fruit to their diets due to concerns around sugars. Our objective was to measure outcomes associated with potential adverse effects of ingesting fruit sugars while assessing metabolic benefits from eating nutrient-rich kiwifruit. Thirty-four people with pre-diabetes were randomized to receive two kiwifruit or 250 mL bottled water per day for 12-weeks; two people withdrew. The primary outcomes were between-group differences for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma vitamin C concentration. Secondary outcomes included anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, uric acid, glycaemic-, inflammatory- and oxidative-markers. Mean (95% confidence interval) vitamin C intake and plasma concentration increased by 170 (141, 200) mg/d (P<0.001) and 11 (5, 17) µM (P = 0.001), respectively, in the kiwifruit compared with the control group. There was no between-group difference for HbA1c or for anthropometric, blood pressure or metabolic markers except for Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, for which there was a mean decrease of 27 (3, 51) mM (P = 0.027) in the plasma of the kiwifruit compared with the control group. The inclusion of two kiwifruit per day into the diets of people with pre-diabetes raised vitamin C intake and status without causing metabolic disturbance due to the sugars contained in the fruit. The reason behind a reduction in TEAC in the kiwifruit group despite an increase in plasma vitamin C is unclear. For any beneficial effect on HbA1c to become evident, it may require a larger sample and a longer intervention.
Automatically Explaining Machine Learning Predictions on Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zeng Siyang , Arjomandi Mehrdad , Luo Gang
Published: February 2022

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of death and places a heavy burden on health care. To optimize the allocation of precious preventive care management resources and improve the outcomes for high-risk patients with COPD, we recently built the most accurate model to date to predict severe COPD exacerbations, which need inpatient stays or emergency department visits, in the following 12 months. Our model is a machine learning model. As is the case with most machine learning models, our model does not explain its predictions, forming a barrier for clinical use. Previously, we designed a method to automatically provide rule-type explanations for machine learning predictions and suggest tailored interventions with no loss of model performance. This method has been tested before for asthma outcome prediction but not for COPD outcome prediction.

Objective

This study aims to assess the generalizability of our automatic explanation method for predicting severe COPD exacerbations.

Methods

The patient cohort included all patients with COPD who visited the University of Washington Medicine facilities between 2011 and 2019. In a secondary analysis of 43,576 data instances, we used our formerly developed automatic explanation method to automatically explain our model’s predictions and suggest tailored interventions.

Results

Our method explained the predictions for 97.1% (100/103) of the patients with COPD whom our model correctly predicted to have severe COPD exacerbations in the following 12 months and the predictions for 73.6% (134/182) of the patients with COPD who had ≥1 severe COPD exacerbation in the following 12 months.

Conclusions

Our automatic explanation method worked well for predicting severe COPD exacerbations. After further improving our method, we hope to use it to facilitate future clinical use of our model.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/13783
Seroprevalence of COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers in Primary Health Care Centers in Al-Sader City District, Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Hussein Raheem , Lami Faris
Published: February 2022

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 infection produces detectable immune responses in most cases reported to date. A serological test could capture previous asymptomatic infections and help to assess the immune status of a subject. Health care workers are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, and providing personal protective equipment is the primary strategy to prevent disease transmission within the health care setting.

Objective

The aim of this paper was to determinate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 among health care workers in primary health care centers in the AL-Sader city district.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 primary health care centers, which were selected using a cluster random sampling technique from November 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020.

Results

A total of 470 participants were enrolled in the study; 101 (21.5%) of them had a history of COVID-19 infection, and 76 (16.1%) were diagnosed by polymerase reaction chain. There was a significant association between rapid tests and history of COVID-19 infection (P<.001). Rapid test sensitivity was 56.6%, and specificity was 79.2%. The rapid test was positive in 125 (26.6%) participants: IgG 104 (83.2%), IgM 5 (4%), and both IgG-IgM 16 (12.8%).

Conclusions

The percent of COVID-19 infection is higher than the expected level among participants. A significant association was found between rapid tests and COVID-19 infection, smoking, comorbidity, personal protective equipment training, and household infection.
Age- and Sex-Specific Differences in Multimorbidity Patterns and Temporal Trends on Assessing Hospital Discharge Records in Southwest China: Network-Based Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Liya , Qiu Hang , Luo Li , Zhou Li
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Multimorbidity represents a global health challenge, which requires a more global understanding of multimorbidity patterns and trends. However, the majority of studies completed to date have often relied on self-reported conditions, and a simultaneous assessment of the entire spectrum of chronic disease co-occurrence, especially in developing regions, has not yet been performed.

OBJECTIVE

We attempted to provide a multidimensional approach to understand the full spectrum of chronic disease co-occurrence among general inpatients in southwest China, in order to investigate multimorbidity patterns and temporal trends, and assess their age and sex differences.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis based on 8.8 million hospital discharge records of about 5.0 million individuals of all ages from 2015 to 2019 in a megacity in southwest China. We examined all chronic diagnoses using the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) codes at 3 digits and focused on chronic diseases with ≥1% prevalence for each of the age and sex strata, which resulted in a total of 149 and 145 chronic diseases in males and females, respectively. We constructed multimorbidity networks in the general population based on sex and age, and used the cosine index to measure the co-occurrence of chronic diseases. Then, we divided the networks into communities and assessed their temporal trends.

RESULTS

The results showed complex interactions among chronic diseases, with more intensive connections among males and inpatients ≥40 years old. A total of 9 chronic diseases were simultaneously classified as central diseases, hubs, and bursts in the multimorbidity networks. Among them, 5 diseases were common to both males and females, including hypertension, chronic ischemic heart disease, cerebral infarction, other cerebrovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis. The earliest leaps (degree leaps ≥6) appeared at a disorder of glycoprotein metabolism that happened at 25-29 years in males, about 15 years earlier than in females. The number of chronic diseases in the community increased over time, but the new entrants did not replace the root of the community.

CONCLUSIONS

Our multimorbidity network analysis identified specific differences in the co-occurrence of chronic diagnoses by sex and age, which could help in the design of clinical interventions for inpatient multimorbidity.
www.coronabambini.ch: Development and usage of an online decision support tool for pediatric COVID-testing in Switzerland (Preprint)
Authors: Starvaggi Carl , Travaglini Nicola , Aebi Christoph , Romano Fabrizio , Steiner Isabelle , Sauter Thomas C , Keitel Kristina
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

To support the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) national pediatric COVID-19 testing strategy, we created an online public health decision tool for caregivers and healthcare workers.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the development and usage of www.coronabambini.ch as an example of a pediatric electronic public health application and to explore its potential in providing information on disease epidemiology and public health policy implementation.

METHODS

We developed and maintained a non-commercial online decision support tool, www.coronabambini.ch, based on the FOPH pediatric COVID-19 guidelines around testing and school/daycare attendance. We analyzed the online decision tool as well as a voluntary follow-up survey from October 2020 to September 2021 to explore its potential as a surveillance tool for public health policy and epidemiology.

RESULTS

68’269 users accessed the tool and 52’726 filled out the complete online decision tool. 3% (1’399/52’726) filled out a voluntary follow-up survey via mail after 14 days. 92% (18’797/20’330) of users were parents. Certain dynamics of the pandemic and changes in testing strategies were reflected in the data captured by the tool: gastrointestinal symptoms were reported more frequently in the younger age groups (13% (3’308/26’180) in children 0-5 years, 9% (3’934/42’089) in children ≥6years, X 2=184, P=<.001). The proportion of users consulting the tool for a positive contact without symptoms in children 6-12 years increased from 4% (1’415/32’215) to 6% (636/9’872) after the FOPH loosened testing criteria in this age group, X 2=69, P=<.001. Adherence to the recommendation was generally high 84% (1’131/1’352) but differed by the type of recommendation: 89% (344/385) for “stay at home and observe”, 75% (232/310) for “school attendance”, X 2=25, P=<.001.

CONCLUSIONS

www.coronabambini.ch played a central role during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland through supporting testing decisions for children. Certain patterns in epidemiology and adherence to public health policy could be depicted showing the potential of digital decision support as public health tools.
Kognat Bahasa Jawa dan Bahasa Bali: Sebuah Studi Kontrastif
Authors: Wijana I Dew Putu
Published: February 2022

This article is about a contrastive analysis of Javanese and Balinese cognates, the two genetically related local languages spoken in Indonesia. Using data extracted from a Javanese dictionary and compared with their Balinese equivalents retrieved from my intuitions as a Balinese native speaker, it is found that even just from A and B entries, the two languages  share a lot of cognates which are hypothetically derived from theirs descending language, proto language, Austronesian. In spite of cognates that have identically semantic contents and formal appearances, there also ones that have different phonological forms and semantic senses.
Metafora Anggota Tubuh dalam Masyarakat Muna
Authors: Lufini Andi Wardatul Wahidah
Published: February 2022

Makalalah bertujuan untuk menjelasakan konseptualisasi anggota tubuh dalam ungkapan-ungkapan metaforis di masyarakat Muna. Muna merupakan salah satu nama suku sekaligus bahasa yang merupakan rumpun bahasa Austronesia dengan sub-grub Muna-Buton. Dalam berkomunikas masyarakat pengguna bahasa ini juga tidak lepas dari adanya pemetaforaan. Terdapat empat topik metafora yang paling sering dijumpai dalam yaitu yang berkaitan dengan hewan, tumbuhan, istilah kekeluargaan dan anggota tubuh. Diantara istilah-istilah yang berkaitan dengan metafora tersebut, anggota tubuh merupakan pemetaforaan yang paling banyak digunanakan oleh masyarakat Muna dibandingkan dengan metafora dengan istilah kekeluargaan, hewan dan tumbuhan. Cara pandang yang berbeda menyebabkan kekhususan konsep dan dasar pemetaforaan bagi setiap kelompok masyarakat. Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan ungkapan-ungkapan metaforis yang diambil melalui kamus online bahasa Muna yang dapat diakses melalui laman https://www.webonary.org/muna/?lang=en. Pembicaraan dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan semantik kognitif sedangkan analisis data akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori Great Chain Methapor Theory (GCMT). Hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa dipilihnya anggota tubuh sebagai bagian dari istilah-istilah dalam metafora terjadi bukan tanpa alasan. Setidaknya terdapat empat hal yang mendasari penggunaan anggota tubuh dalam istilah bermetafor. Keempat hal tersebut adalah letak, fungsi, sifat dan bentuk dari anggota tubuh tersebut. Selain membuktikan bahwa terbatasnya kosa kata tidak membuat kreatifitas pengguna bahasa menjadi sempit hal ini juga membuktikan bahwa masyarakat menggunkan sesuatu yang sangat dengan dengan lingkungan sosial dan budaya dalam mengkonstruksi sebuah metafora.
Fenomena Afiks Informal Bahasa Indonesia dalam Media Sosial Twitter
Authors: Sunarti Sunarti , Winarti Daru
Published: February 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor internal dan eksternal penggunaan afiks-afiks informal pada media sosial twitter. Sumber data diperoleh dari media sosial twitter dengan data dari tiga akun twitter terpilih. Purposive sampling digunakan sebagai metode pemilihan akun. Media pembantu pengunduhan tweet adalah vicinitas.id. Pencarian data menggunakan aplikasi WordSmith 4 dan klasifikasi data menggunakan Ms.Excel. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan kajian variasi morfologis. Hasil dari penelitian dari faktor internal adalah adanya variasi morfologis pada afiks informal dengan tiga pengelompokan berdasarkan kategori. Pertama afiks informal pembentuk verba, yaitu sufiks -an, sufiks -in, prefiks N-, prefiks ke-, prefiks m-, kombinasi N-in, kombinasi di-in, dan kombinasi m-in. Kedua, afiks informal pembentuk adjektiva terdiri dari sufiks -in dan kombinasi ke-an. Ketiga, afiks informal pembentuk adverbial yaitu prefiks se- dan kombinasi se-an. Faktor eksternal dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial yang meliputi latar belakang dan usia. Sedangkan alasan penggunaannya dikarenakan sebagai bentuk interaksi keakraban, humor, identitas, informalitas, dan emosi.
Sistem Pemantauan dan Pengendalian Sepeda Listrik Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Muhammad Ridwan Arif Cahyono  , Ita Mariza  , Wirawan
Published: February 2022

Sepeda listrik kini telah beredar cukup banyak di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, rata-rata sepeda listrik yang dijual saat ini belum terintegrasi dengan smartphone, sehingga belum mampu dipantau dan dikendalikan dari jarak jauh. Pada makalah ini dikembangkan sistem pemantauan dan pengendalian sepeda listrik berbasis internet of things (IoT). Mikrokontroler berbasis ESP32 digunakan sebagai perangkat IoT: untuk mengukur jarak tempuh menggunakan sensor GPS dengan menerapkan metode Haversine, mengukur kecepatan sepeda, merancang sistem keamanan sepeda, dan merancang sistem pengukuran kalori saat sepeda dikayuh. Modul SIM800L digunakan sebagai perangkat komunikasi. Modul ini mampu melakukan komunikasi internet melalui jaringan 2G. Controller sepeda listrik dimodifikasi agar dapat terintegrasi dengan ESP32, sedangkan sebagai penggerak sepeda listrik, digunakan motor tipe BLDC dengan tegangan 36 V. Raspberry Pi digunakan sebagai server web penyimpan dan pengolah data, sedangkan perhitungan kalori terbakar dilakukan menggunakan metode metabolic equivalent of task (MET). Proses pemantauan dan pengendalian sepeda listrik dilakukan dengan membangun aplikasi berbasis smartphone Android dengan menggunakan aplikasi Kodular, dengan fitur layanan peta yang digunakan berbasis OpenStreetMap. Aplikasi ini mampu menyalakan dan mematikan sepeda listrik dari jarak jauh, mengatur posisi gear kecepatan, mengatur kecepatan, menyalakan alarm, melacak lokasi terakhir, melakukan pelacakan riwayat lokasi, dan melakukan pengukuran kalori. Proses pengendalian tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menekan tombol dan menggunakan perintah suara dalam bahasa Indonesia. Aplikasi ini telah diuji coba dengan metode black box dengan hasil 100% berhasil dengan delay waktu sebesar 8,82 s. Pengukuran kalori memiliki akurasi 94,24% dibandingkan dengan peralatan pengukur kalori yang berada di pasaran. Pengendalian kecepatan dapat dilakukan secara linear dengan R2 sebesar 0,9984.
The Teacher's Knowledge/Doing About Active methodologies for meaningful Learning in Higher Education: An Integrative Review
Authors: Carvalho Osvaldo Luis , Rocha Danielle Cruz , Carvalho Eluane Costa , Carvalho Eluana Costa
Published: February 2022

Objective: Map the scientific evidence about the knowledge and actions of university professors about active methodologies and describe the perception and opinion about the modes of organization, methodological approaches and evaluation systems that define the teaching-learning process. Method: This is an integrative literature review, in which 11 articles were selected from the Google Scholar, SciELO and PubMed databases, by fulfilling the requirements established in the eligibility criteria and answering the research question. Results: The findings were categorized into 1) Benefits of applying active methodologies in higher education; 2) Knowledge of professors working in higher education about active methodologies; 3) Practices of active faculty in higher education on active methodology. Final Considerations: Promoting active learning is not an easy task to be achieved and teachers play a fundamental role in its implementation process.
Traumatic History and Transcultural Memory: A Reading of Numair Atif Choudhury’s Babu Bangladesh in the context of Nation formation
Authors: Dutta Dr. Sagarika
Published: February 2022

In the age of interdisciplinary studies Literary and Memory Studies is an emerging field of interest to young scholars and researchers. The manner in which Memory Studies interlink across various disciplines as history, geography, literature, psychology is worthy of exploring. Cultural memory entails convergence of fields such as cultural history, social psychology, media archaeology, political philosophy, comparative literature and relate past to the present. It is bifocal in nature since it leads to both remembering and forgetting. There are diverse ways in which Memory studies can be located in literary and media studies. My focus is to highlight how an exploration of memory studies further leads to a study of psychological trauma buried deep in the memory of an individual as well as its culture. The experience of undergoing the two World Wars, Holocaust, 9/11 episode, 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, political strife in Afghanistan are major areas that can be studied with the aid of memory studies. I shall highlight on this specific area of memory studies by contextualizing how memory operates by its twin process of remembering and forgetting to bring out the trauma of the civilians of East Pakistan who had witnessed the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. For this purpose Numair Atif Choudhary’s Babu Bangladesh (2019) is chosen to elucidate how the process of nation building is intrinsically connected to the present and past lives of its citizens. The narrative of formation of a new nation is continually questioned and reframed by the oral narratives of the generations of people who have witnessed its creation.
19th century Britain, a time of reshaping women in the ideology of “separate spheres”
Authors: Chakraborty Shrabani Ganguly
Published: February 2022

The main issue of this article is to analyse the 19th century Britain , a time of great progress and reform in British society due to industrialisation and social upheaval.But one of the most controversial debates were the “gender inequality “ in the then period. How in this era women were discriminated against by men. Throughout the 19th century a system existed which was entirely patriarchal. Britain was run by common law; a law which dictated that once a woman married, she ended up with no rights to anything. Patriarchal society did not allow women to have the same privileges as men. Consequently, women were ascribed the more feminine duties and pursuing the outlets of feminine creativity. The most ridiculous thing was that this era symbolised by the reign of a female monarch, Queen Victoria, still the women were subject to the voice of men . They were deprived of their own property, voting rights and even right over her own body. People believed in Tennyson’s words, “men for the field, women for the home “. So in a sense it can be rightly said that the age is the supreme example of the proverb “Darkness reigns at the foot of the light-house”.
Abortion in the times of Zika: the perspective of women in two Brazilian municipalities
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Zanatta-Coutinho Raquel , Branco-Simão Andréa ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Published: February 2022

In Brazil, abortion is considered a crime under the Criminal Code since 1940. After the Zika virus epidemic (2015-2017) and the consequent appearance of microcephaly in newborns struck South America, the debate on the decriminalization of abortion in the Brazilian society was reignited. Using data obtained from focus groups comprising women of reproductive age across different socioeconomic strata and two Brazilian cities, we investigated the perceptions of the participants on abortion, especially its use during the Zika epidemic. Although legally criminalized, abortion is prevalent among women, as a way to fulfill their reproductive desire. Criminalization puts the health and lives of women at risk, particularly those with less economic and cultural capital. We also discover the role of friends in women’s decision to utilize the procedure. The strong asym-metry of power between men and women contributes to the greater vulnerability of women. The results suggest an urgent need to review the legislation on abortion concerning its criminalization and the option of safer abortion within the scope of the public health service.
Associations between household arrangements for couples and satisfaction with life
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Braz-Golgher André
Published: February 2022

This paper investigated the relationship between marital arrangements and satisfaction with life in Brazil. Initially, household arrangements with couples in Brazil were classified into seven different groups: one for marriage or relationships indistinguishable from marriage, and six for consensual unions. This allowed the paper to empirically address the natural heterogeneity of marriage and cohabitation and their relationship to levels of satisfaction with life. Then, taking into account the fact that these associations are plagued by endogeneity, econometric models addressed whether the different household arrangements were correlated with different levels of satisfaction with life. After this, the reverse link was also analyzed with the use of econometric models. The results suggest that household arrangement types were weakly or non-significantly correlated with the levels of life satisfaction. Conversely, life satisfaction levels were significant-ly correlated with the different types of household arrangements.
Emprendedoras en México en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Zamora Torres América Ivonne , Díaz Barajas Yesica , Jiménez Belmont María Concepción
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: revisar el efecto que tuvieron en 2020 la variación en la actividad económica, el desempleo y la participación en el mercado laboral de las emprendedoras en las entidades federativas de México, en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: el estudio se realizó mediante un modelo de clúster jerárquico. Resultados: se establecieron cuatro grupos de entidades federativas, en los cuales los factores mencionados afectaron de forma diferente el emprendimiento de las mujeres. Limitaciones: se considera conveniente ahondar el estudio incorporando variables, como el acceso de las mujeres al financiamiento y la violencia de género. Valor: el estudio aporta referencias actuales que pueden apoyar futuras investigaciones en temáticas de género y de desarrollo regional y mejorar el análisis de las políticas públicas con perspectiva de género desde el ámbito local. Conclusiones: la pandemia ha tenido un efecto negativo en diferentes factores que determinan la participación de las emprendedoras: se ha verificado un retroceso considerable en dicha participación en comparación con la que había en 2019, sobre todo para las empleadoras.
Comparison of the Antagonistic Potential of the Entomopathogenic Bacterium Serratia nematodiphila GCSR38 with other Effective Microorganisms for the Control of Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight
Authors: Sutthisa Waraporn
Published: February 2022

The efficacy of antagonistic microorganisms and secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic bacteria was evaluated in vitro and in vivo against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a causal agent of rice bacterial leaf blight. The effect of the culture filtrates of the microorganisms was tested against Xoo, using the agar well diffusion assay. Trichoderma sp. UB05/3 was the most effective against Xoo. However, the results were not statistically different from those of the entomopathogenic bacterium Serratia nematodiphila GCSR38 with a 22.97 mm and 19.15 mm zone of inhibition, respectively. The effect of the secondary metabolite crude extracts of antagonistic microorganisms (2,000 µg/ml) on Xoo inhibition was tested by the paper disc diffusion method. Only S. nematodiphila GCSR38 was able to control Xoo, with an inhibition zone of 17.60 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using a 96-well microtiter plate. The MIC of secondary metabolites crude extracts of S. nematodiphila GCSR38 was 1,000 µg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 1,000 µg/ml. The efficacy of the secondary metabolite crude extract of S. nematodiphila GCSR38 against Xoo was tested using the detached leaf technique; the secondary metabolite crude extracts controlled the disease, with 24.45% and 15.56% disease severity when used before and after inoculation with Xoo, respectively. Inoculation with Xoo alone resulted in a disease severity of 44.45%. The secondary metabolite crude extracts of S. nematodiphila GCSR38 can reduce disease severity of bacterial leaf blight in rice by 28.89%, whereas zinc thiazole causes a disease severity of 22.22% and Xoo alone causes a disease severity of 66.67%.
Immunological Response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine among Health Care Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai
Authors: Sneka P. , Hamsadwani K.P. , Sangamithra V.
Published: February 2022

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (Covishield) has shown good efficacy data but the presence of non responders to the vaccine and the duration of protection conferred by the vaccine has not been clearly documented. To study the immunological response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine among Health Care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Materials and Methods: A Prospective study was conducted to analyze the duration of protection conferred by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine by testing the serum samples for Anti SARS IgG Antibody to spike protein by EUROIMMUNE ELISA Kit protocol by testing the pre vaccine sample, samples 2 weeks and 4 weeks following 1st dose,3 months and 6 months post 2 doses of vaccination and to study the association of waning immune response with comorbidities. A total of 265 Health Care Workers (HCWs) involving Nurses (35%), Doctors (32%), Technical staffs (17%) and House keeping staffs (16%) were included in the study. Majority were in age group of 41-50 Years (33%). Associated comorbidity was noticed in 19 % of HCWs. All 100% had sero conversion 4 weeks following Covishield but only 88 % had sero conversion 2 weeks following the 1st dose of Covishield. 100% of the HCWs had detectable levels of Anti SARS IgG antibody to spike protein 3 months following 2nd dose of Covishield but 6 months post 2nd dose only 90.5 % detectable levels of Anti SARS IgG antibody to spike protein. Among the 9.5% with waning immune response 68% had associated comorbidity like obesity (47%), Diabetes Mellitus (41%), Hyperlipidemia (6%) and Chronic lung disease (6%). It is important to maintain the protective antibody titers by vaccinating all the individuals with booster dose of the vaccine and considering population with comorbidities a high risk group for early priority.
Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Hepatitis E Virus among Pregnant Women in Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Mustafa Alaa Abdulrahman Mohammad , Abdalla Wafaa Mohammed , Ahmed Hind Haidar , Saeed Samar M. , Hashim Ahmed Ibrahim , Khalifa Sarrah Elnoor , AbdAlla Ahmed Bakheet , Ahmed Tagwa Salah , Junaid Kashaf
Published: February 2022

Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been widely understood as a public health concern in pregnant females, it is sometimes overlooked because of unusual observations of hepatitis E-induced complications during pregnancy. The objective of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to find out how frequent Hepatitis E virus infection is in pregnant women in Sudan. Blood samples were collected from pregnant women (n = 90) attending Khartoum North Hospital from February to December 2019. The specimens were investigated for Hepatitis E virus IgG and IgM antibodies using the commercial kits based on the enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Out of ninety pregnant women, 36 (40%) were found positive for IgG antibodies, and 5 (6%) were tested positive for IgM antibodies. In addition, 13 (14.5%) of the positive cases are women in their third trimester. These data showed a significant association between previous Hepatitis E virus infection and miscarriage (p <0.001). This study did not find a significant association between maternal and gestation age, education, water sources, and hepatitis E virus infection. In conclusion, there was a high percentage of HEV infections among pregnant women attending Khartoum North Hospital. This study estimates the Hepatitis E virus burden in Khartoum state, but more extensive studies are required to confirm the burden in Sudan.
Exploiting Rhizobium for Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticle Synthesis: Heterologous Expression of an Escherichia coli DH10B Enzyme, YbdK [EC: 6.3.2.2] in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234
Authors: Dave Akash , Khanna Tanvi , Robin Pushpa
Published: February 2022

Escherichia coli DH10B has 1.1 kb ybdK gene which is responsible for encoding YbdK enzyme that possess a Gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase activity. ybdK gene was ligated downstream of a constitutive derepressed lac promoter of a low copy number plasmid vector pBBR1MCS-2, giving rise to a recombinant plasmid pPAT. Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 transformed with pPAT showed an augmented production of glutathione which in turn increased the production of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles to some extent. Also, a heterologous expression of YbdK in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 improved the oxidation status of bacterial cells which is confirmed by fluorescence microscopy images and fluorometry. Genetically modified (GM) cells stained by DCFDA showed a significant decrease in fluorescence compared to wild type (WT) cells. Physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles produced by the pPAT transformed Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 differed significantly compared to wild type (WT) Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234. Comparative analysis of the nanoparticles by FTIR and SEM analysis revealed the functional groups attached to nanoparticles and average nanoparticle size respectively. Nanoparticles synthesized by genetically modified (GM) bacteria were about 3 times smaller in size compared to those produced by wild type (WT) rhizobium. FTIR analysis revealed an augmented presence of peptide with the nanoparticles produced by GM bacteria compared to those produced by the WT bacteria. XRD data revealed that biosynthesized CdS nanoparticles are face centered crystalline particles which was confirmed by comparing the peaks to standard JCPDS data (JCPDS card no. 10-454).
Cis Elements: Added Boost to the Directed Evolution of Plant Genes
Authors: Valli Harisomayajula , Prasanna Devi , Rajput Vikrant Singh , Sridhar Wuriti , Sakuntala N.N.V. , Harshavardhan Padamata , Runthala Ashish
Published: February 2022

To increase the expression of a native/foreign plant/bacterial gene, the complete network of cis-elements must be excavated to increase its biosynthetic yield, especially under industrial stress conditions. For selecting the best set of cis-elements for a foreign gene and aiding the workflow of researchers, often untrained in bioinformatics methodologies, we developed a modular PERL script for their identification and localization. The script is functional on any operating system. It localizes the cis element network of a gene. It aids an easy customization, as per the required analysis, and provides robust strategy, unlike the usually used databases where several applied calculations often become a tricky task. The script allows an uncomplicated analysis of multiplicity of cis elements along with their relative distances, making it easier for designing the more beneficial network of genes for directed evolution experiments. Through a batched scrutiny of several functionally similar genes, it would aid an easy extraction of their evolutionarily favored network of cis elements. It would be extremely helpful to develop the crop plants that are better adapted to the stressful conditions.