bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Associative Learning in Insects Tells Us about the Evolution of Learned and Fixed Behavior
Authors: Hollis Karen L. , Guillette Lauren M.
Published: March 2021

Contemporary models for the evolution of learning suggest that environmental predictability plays a critical role in whether learning is expected to evolve in a particular species, a claim originally made over 50 years ago. However, amongst many behavioral scientists who study insect learning, as well as amongst neuroscientists who study the brain architecture of insects, a very different view is emerging, namely that all animals possessing a nervous system should be able to learn. More specifically, the capacity for associative learning may be an emergent property of nervous systems such that, whenever selection pressures favor the evolution of nervous systems, for whatever reason, the capacity for associative learning follows ipso facto. One way to reconcile these disparate views of learning is to suggest that the assumed default in these evolutionary models, namely the non-learning phenotype, is incorrect: The ability to learn is, in fact, the default but, under certain conditions, selection pressures can override that ability, resulting in hard-wired, or considerably less plastic, responses. Thus, models for the evolution of learning actually may be models for the conditions under which inherent plasticity is overridden. Moreover, what have been revealed as the costs of learning in insects may, instead, be costs associated with far more complex cognitive feats than simple associative learning – cognitive skills that researchers are just now beginning to reveal.
Rats Time Long Intervals: Evidence from Several Cases
Authors: Crystal Jonathon D.
Published: March 2021

Long-interval timing fills the gap between the traditional range of short-interval timing (i.e., seconds to minutes) and the limited range of circadian entrainment (i.e., approximately a day). A number of reports suggest that rats time long intervals. However, a recent report proposed that anticipation of long, but noncircadian, intervals is highly constrained. We tested the hypothesis that long-interval timing is highly constrained by examining a number of cases: 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 13 hour intermeal intervals. We found evidence for long interval timing in each case. Long interval timing appears to be robust.
Sex Effect in the Temporal Perception of Faces Expressing Anger and Shame
Authors: Grondin Simon , Laflamme Vincent , Bienvenue Philippe , Labonté Katherine , Roy Mei-Li
Published: March 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate sex-related variations in the perception of the duration of emotional stimuli (human faces). Twenty male and 20 female participants estimated the duration of angry, ashamed and neutral faces marking 0.4 to 1.6 s intervals. Female faces were used in one session, and male faces in the other. Compared to the angry faces condition, intervals were underestimated when ashamed faces were shown. However, the intervals in neither conditions were significantly overestimated or underestimated compared to the neutral condition. Even more critical is the fact that there was an underestimation by male participants of the duration of male faces compared to female faces; and female participants overestimated the duration in the anger condition, compared with the shame condition, only when male faces were presented. Moreover, the emotional effects on the participants’ performance were correlated to inter-individual differences in empathic abilities. The findings are discussed in terms of sex differences, of social context, and of how attention is solicited and arousal generated by emotions.
Effects of dietary P:E ratio and Rhizoclonium in two stocking densities on growth and profitability of Nile tilapia in intensive pond culture
Authors: Serrano Jr Augusto E. , Tumbokon Barry L.M. , Abalos Rosie S. , de la Pena Raul , Bohulano Nenia N. , Binh Mac N.
Published: March 2021

Two onsite tests were carried out to determine the effects of varying dietary protein to energy (P:E) ratio in intensive culture of Nile tilapia in two different places at two stocking densities. In both field trials, three diets were used namely commercial (CM) diet, control (CO) diet containing no Rhizoclonium and a diet containing Rhizoclonium replacing 52% of soybean meal (RLP); the diets contained decreasing P:E ratio of 21, 16 and 12 g·MJ-1, respectively. The first trial was conducted in Aklan, Philippines at a stocking density of 17 fish·m-2 while the second was in Pangasinan, Philippines at 27 fish·m-2. In both trials, the three diets were fed for 2 months to 3 replicate cages of Nile tilapia, all of which were randomly placed in about 1.0 ha fresh water fish pond. In the first trial in Aklan, at 17 fish m-2 stocking density, no significant differences in the parameters were observed except in the absolute growth rate (AGR) in which the RLP dietary treatment exhibited a higher value than did either the CM or the CO diet. In Pangasinan, at 27 fish m-2 stocking density, significant differences in TFI, DFI and SGR were observed, all the other parameters were statistically similar. The RLP group exhibited lower total feed intake (TFI) and daily feed intake (DFI) but higher specific growth rate (SGR) than did either the CM or CO diet. In either stocking densities, feed cost was the main determinant of profitability in which the RLP group resulted in significantly highest profitability i.e., lowest total production cost, highest gross income and highest profit and profit margin. Although profit was significantly higher in the higher stocking density, profit margin was significantly higher in the lower stocking density. There was no statistical interaction between dietary treatment and stocking density as analyzed by two-way analysis of variance.
Impact of Energy Consumption on Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Parveen Shabana , Sadiqa Bibi Aisha , Yasmin Farrah , Ali Sher
Published: March 2021

Economic growth is a process that is not possible without a lot of energy consumption. Energy is considered as the life blood of an economy however, the energy consumption is also an important factor responsible for degrading the natural environment of the world. The present empirical work is an effort to empirically analyze the association of energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) with economic growth (GDP per capita annual growth), foreign direct investment (FDI net inflow as percentage of GDP), and environmental degradation (CO2 emissions, metric tons per capita) in case of Pakistan. The work is based on time series data for the years 1975 to 2018. Canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) method is used for the estimation of the coefficient of the  parameters. The results demonstrate that  energy use has  significant positive association with  FDI, economic growth,  and CO2 emissions. The empirical results recommend that policy makers in Pakistan require to work on policies regarding sustainable development and efficient use of energy as without achieving the efficiency in energy use, the desirable growth of the economy without environmental degradation cannot be achieved.
Literature Review of Online Registration System Based On SMS Gateway
Authors: Oktamianiza Mrs. , Putra Deni Maisa , Yulia Yulfa , Fitriani Yulia
Published: March 2021

Background: Online registration is a patient or patient's family registering to get an examination from a health care facility by utilizing remote technology facilities, for example a patient registering by using telephone, SMS, WhatsApp, web, and others. Because often there are problems with SIMRS which are caused by several factors. The purpose of this study is to describe the SMS gateway-based online outpatient registration systemMethods: This research method was carried out by conducting a literature review. with the literature study method. Sources of data in this study were obtained from several published journals with attention to inclusion and exclusion categories. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out by paying attention to aspects of similarity, inequality, views, comparisons and summaries.Results: The results obtained are based on a review of several journals with literature studies related to the online registration system, namely the discovery of the advantages and disadvantages of the SIM-RS implementation system in hospitals in terms of online registration, including from the aspect of system users, low user satisfaction, utilization. technology that is still limited and the quality of information is still inaccurate. Besides, the stipulation and implementation of SOPs is not optimal.Conclusions: It is necessary to establish SOP that is more measurable and can be implemented appropriately
MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISTEM KOORDINAT MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF NHT PADA SISWA KELAS VI SDN GISIKDRONO 02 SEMARANG
Authors: Suyati Mrs.
Published: March 2021

Berdasarkan refleksi yang dilakukan guru, selama ini ketrampilan guru dalam mengadakan variasi model pembelajaran dan gaya mengajar masih kurang sehingga menyebabkan aktivitas siswa hanya terbatas dalam mendengarkan ceramah dan mengikuti tanya jawab yang didominasi oleh guru. Hal tersebut berdampak langsung pada hasil belajar siswa yang kurang memuaskan. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar  siswa  pada materi sistem koordinat di SDN Gisikdrono 02 kecamatan Semarang Barat dengan menggunakan model Pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) dalam pembelajaran Matematika.Penelitian dalam rangka perbaikan pembelajaran ini dilaksanakan dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Objek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VI-C SDN Gisikdrono 02 Semarang. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik tes dan non tes. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah: 1) Pada siklus I perolehan skor kemampuan guru adalah 3,6 dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 4,6; 2) Jumlah siswa yang aktif pada siklus I ada 21 siswa, pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 28 siswa; 3) Sebelum diterapkan NHT, prosentase siswa yang mencapai nilai ketuntasan sebesar 37,50%; setelah diterapkan metode pembelajaran NHT Siklus I, prosentase ketuntasan naik menjadi 59,38%, dan meningkat lagi setelah penerapan Siklus II menjadi 90,63%. 4) Nilai rata-rata kelas prasiklus sebesar 58,75; meningkat pada siklus I sebesar 66,88; dan meningkat lagi pada siklus II sebesar 77,97. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran Matematika melalui penerapan model pembelajaran NHT (Numbered Head Together) dapat meningkatkan prestasi pembelajaran Matematika pada kelas VI SDN Gisikdrono 02 Kota Semarang. Saran untuk guru hendaknya selalu aktif untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran yang inovatif.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI KELAS IX I SMP NEGERI 1 KERSANA
Authors: Andriyana Winda
Published: March 2021

Kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika karena pada pembelajaran matematika sangat dibutuhkan kemampuan abstraksi dari peserta didik untuk mempelajarinya. Materi yang abstrak memerlukan dukungan media yang mampu mengkonkretkan materi, karena tidak mudah untuk membayangkan benda yang hanya dituangkan dalam gambar pada buku teks. Penggunaan bahan ajar dan media pembelajaran yang menarik jika disandingkan dengan model pembelajaran yang sesuai tentunya dapat merangsang peserta didik untuk aktif dalam proses pembelajaran.  Sehubungan dengan hal ini, maka penggunaan model pembelajaran beserta bahan ajar dan media pembelajaran yang menarik dapat digunakan sebagai jembatan guna mengatasi kesulitan dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di kelas IX I SMP Negeri 1 Kersana Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data pada penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan angket berdasarkan indikator keberhasilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Besarnya peningkatan keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Based Learning pada  peserta didik kelas IX I SMP Negeri 1 Kersana semester I tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 adalah keaktifan belajar peserta didik berdasarkan angket dari siklus I sebesar 79,61% meningkat mencapai 88,04% dan berdasarkan observasi dari siklus I sebesar 78,71% meningkat mencapai 86,27%. Ada peningkatan yang sangat signifikan dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 10,59% pada angket keaktifan belajar peserta didik dan sebesar 9,61% pada observasi keaktifan belajar peserta didik.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU MELALUI PEMBINAAN IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN OLEH KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 5 CIKARANG SELATAN KABUPATEN BEKASI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019-2020
Authors: SRIYANTO JOKO
Published: March 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) merupakan suatu cara bagi seorang kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi profesinya. Penulis  melakukan penelitian di SMP Negeri 5 Cikarang Selatan Kabupaten Bekasi, dengan menggunakan pendekatan  kualitatif  dengan metode action research  dalam mata pelajaran.  Peneliti melakukan pembinaan terhadap guru tentang implementasi manajemen dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Implementasi dari konsep di atas terlihat pada perkembangan kemampuan dan aktivitas guru dari tiap siklus yang dilaksanakan. Hal ini tampak pada awal pembelajaran pada siklus 1,  khususnya pada tahap eksplorasi, yaitu pemberian pengetahuan kognitif tentang manajemen terhadap guru untuk menunjang proses pembelajaran, kemudian pada siklus 2, pendalaman materi dilaksanakan dengan cara pemahaman lebih dalam terhadap konsep-konsep manajemen, dalam hal ini kepala sekolah berperan sebagai falisitator, selanjutnya pada siklus 3, kepala sekolah  sebagai pendorong kreativitas guru dengan peningkatan pemahaman pada pelaksanaan praktek dilapangan, mulai dari tahap perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengevaluasiaan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Perubahan yang signifikan terlihat dari tahap perencanaan yang awal persiapan mengajar hanya 20 % tetapi pada tahap berikutnya meningkat menjadi 60 % dan di siklus 3 sampai mencapai 80%.  Pada tahap pelaksanaan juga ada peningkatan dari mulai tahap apersepsi, kemudian penyampaian kegiatan inti dan kegiatan penutup, setelah melalui pembinaan pada siklus 1, siklus 2 dan siklus 3, mengalami peningkatan terutama dalam praktek pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dari 40 % dari 5 orang jumlah guru yang mempraktekkan prinsip-prinsip manajemen, menajdi 80 % melaksanakannya. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pembinaan oleh kepala sekolah terhadap peningkatan kinerja guru berpengaruh, dan pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi peningkatan mutu sekolah secara keseluruhan.
VALIDACIÓN DEL INSTRUMENTO SOBRE MANEJO DE LAS ESTRATEGIAS DE CONSERVACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA REDUCIR, RECICLAR Y REUTILIZAR LOS DESECHOS SÓLIDOS.
Authors: Parreño Urquizo Pepe Gustavo
Published: March 2021

Introducción:   Las actividades humanas producen un fuerte impacto en la degradación del ambiente. Por tanto, es necesario considerar que, si bien es cierto que en general, los residuos que genera no son tóxicos, su volumen es considerable, produciendo contaminación visual y la rápida colmatación de los vertederos. Objetivo: la presente propuesta de estudio tiene como objetivo validar un instrumento de investigación con el fin de obtener los datos necesarios para diseño de un plan de manejo ambiental y la búsqueda de estrategias para clasificar, reducir, y reutilizar los desechos. Y que autoevalúe el sistema de gestión ambiental, teniendo en cuenta aquellos aspectos relacionados con la normatividad de medio ambiente. Materiales y métodos: El instrumento fue sometido a consideración por juicio de expertos en el tema en el que intervinieron 3 PhDs y 2 especialistas del tema y determinó el grado pertinencia, la validez y la confiabilidad, aplicando el método Delphi que permite encontrar el coeficiente de competencia en forma y contenido. Resultados: Se evidencia que tanto los PhD y los especialistas indican que el instrumento está en la categoría de excelente, por tanto, se puede afirmar que es un instrumento pertinente, válido y confiable para ser aplicado en una prueba piloto. Conclusión: El instrumento presenta validez y confiabilidad aceptable para medir el manejo de las estrategias de conservación ambiental con el fin de reducir, reciclar y reutilizar los desechos sólidos
MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA: VINTE ANOS SEM CHICO MENDES
Authors: Paula Elder Andrade de , Silva Sílvio Simione da
Published: March 2021

Governo do Estado do Acre, instituições do governo federal, Comitê Chico Mendes, representantes do sindicalismo rural e Rede Globo tomaram a iniciativa em 2008, de marcar através de uma série de eventos, os “vinte anos sem Chico Mendes”. As diversas encenações anunciadas procuram coroar em “alto estilo” uma monumental transmutação do legado revolucionário de uma das principais lideranças do sindicalismo rural na Amazônia brasileira, convertido em pacato “ambientalista”. O objetivo desta Comunicação é mostrar que essa transmutação foi habilmente articulada pelo Estado (no sentido ampliado) na tentativa de re-significar a natureza e a cultura para fins de legitimação da ideologia do “desenvolvimento sustentável” e assim, facilitar o processo de espoliação em curso na Amazônia. Nas conclusões, procura-se mostrar que apesar de bem sucedida no decorrer dessas duas décadas, essa estratégia começa a mostrar sinais de esgotamento, existem evidências de retomada da “voz” por parte de alguns movimentos sociais na região, como é o caso da Via Campesina. A abordagem está referenciada no método histórico comparativo e na análise de processos e fenômenos sociais vinculados ao ambientalismo internacional.
TRABALHO DOS EXTENSIONISTAS NO CONTEXTO DA ATES: O CASO DOS ASSENTAMENTOS DE CANDIOTA/RS (Work of workers in the context of ATES: the case of settlements Candiota/RS)
Authors: Vargas Daiane Loreto de
Published: March 2021

Sabe-se que a questão agrária e os problemas que dela se originam não são recentes e nem estão resolvidos, mas, também se reconhece que muitas iniciativas vêm sendo tomadas nesse sentido. Dentre elas é importante destacar o serviço de Assessoria Técnica, Social e Ambiental à Reforma Agrária (ATES), criado pelo Instituto Nacional da Reforma Agrária (INCRA) com objetivo de ser uma alternativa na prestação de serviços de extensão rural para agricultores assentados. Dessa forma, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de campo no contexto dos assentamentos do Município de Candiota/RS. Onde se teve por objetivo compreender as ações da extensão rural na prática, tendo em vista as orientações do Programa de Ates e os possíveis conflitos que daí se origina, ou seja, os conflitos entre teoria e prática no cenário das orientações desse programa para o serviço de extensão rural.
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR – ESTUDO DE CASO NO ASSENTAMENTO TEIJIN, MUNICÍPIO DE NOVA ANDRADINA, MS/Family farms - case study in Teijin settlement, municipality of Nova Andradina, MS
Authors: Dettmer Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2021

A busca por subsídios para construção de indicadores que sejam relevantes na gestão das unidades de produção agropecuárias é constante. Objetiva-se neste trabalho, identificar e analisar os principais indicadores socioeconômicos, na gestão de unidades de produção agropecuária do tipo familiar em assentamento de reforma agrária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa com caráter exploratório e descritivo. Quanto aos procedimentos técnicos ou forma da coleta dos dados, a estratégia de pesquisa, utilizada, foi o levantamento a campo por meio de entrevista. Adotou-se também, estudos exploratórios, descritivos e documentais. Na amostra foram entrevistadas 59 famílias rurais do assentamento Teijin, Nova Andradina - Mato Grosso do Sul. Como principais atividades exploradas pelas famílias assentadas destacam-se: a produção do leite, praticada em 69,6% das UPA's, bovinos de corte em 6,8%, e a produção de hortifrutigranjeiros, mandioca. Também a atividade do part time é destaque. Cada Unidade de Produção Agropecuária possui uma área para exploração de 14,52 hectares. A sucessão familiar aparece como um dos principais indicadores que compromete a sustentabilidade das UPA's.
MARTELOS NAS CERCAS: AINDA TEMOS UMA QUESTÃO AGRÁRIA?/Hammers in the fences: do we still have an agrarian question?
Authors: Bosetti Cleber José
Published: March 2021

A partir de uma análise dos discursos do principal movimento que tem reivindicado a reforma agrária no Brasil, desde sua formação até o momento atual, este artigo procura mostrar como o tema da reforma agrária foi sendo significado e resignificado de acordo com os diferentes momentos políticos do país, bem como em função das transformações econômicas e tecnológicas ocorridas na agricultura. Nesta trajetória, a reforma agrária foi reivindicada em nome da existência de um grande contingente de camponeses sem terra que viviam em mundo rural cercado pelo latifúndio improdutivo; como solução para o desemprego urbano; como legitimação para uma sociedade democrática e cidadã; como projeto de transformação social e, recentemente, como um caminho para a construção de outra perspectiva de desenvolvimento rural. Em suas significações e resignificações, o discurso da reforma agrária reafirma a permanência de uma questão agrária não resolvida.
A TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO DO MST A PARTIR DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO NOS ASSENTAMENTOS FAZENDA ANNONI E BELA VISTA/The territorialization of the MST from the Education of the Field in the settings Fazenda Annoni and Bela Vista
Authors: Folmer Ivanio , Meurer Ane Carine
Published: March 2021

Este estudo se estrutura na análise de dois assentamentos do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais: O Assentamento Bela Vista- Jari/ RS e o Assentamento de Fazenda Annoni – Pontão/ RS, com o objetivo de entender o processo de territorialização desses Assentamentos, a partir do posicionamento da Educação do Campo. Dessa forma, buscam-se analisar o papel da Educação do campo no processo de territorialização das políticas do MST, discutir os conceitos de território, territorialização, territorialidades e Educação do Campo. No que se refere à busca desses objetivos, adota-se uma metodologia que se adequasse  a esta pesquisa, da mesma forma que auxiliasse na busca de levantamento dos dados, até mesmo para criar novas indagações. Os resultados desta pesquisa se mostram favoráveis à permanência de Educação do Campo dentro do assentamento.
GEOGRAFIAS DAS LUTAS POR DIREITOS NO DISTRITO DO GRAJAÚ-SP: O CASO DO MOVIMENTO SOCIAL “NÓS DA SUL”/Geography of the struggles for rights in the district of Grajaú-SP: the case of the social movement "Nós da Sul"
Authors: Castro Cloves Alexandre
Published: March 2021

A proposta deste estudo foi a de investigar os movimentos sociais do extremo Sul da cidade de São Paulo, que se articularam em torno da rede de movimentos sociais “Nós da Sul”, na conjuntura das chamadas “jornadas de junho”. Trata-se de uma rede de movimentos que abrigam e articulam as lutas por moradia, educação, saúde e transportes em uma das regiões mais populosas e esquecidas da metrópole paulista. O esforço do presente trabalho foi o de fazer uma análise geográfica desses movimentos sociais seja por meio dos espaços e territórios que eles produzem, como também, na condição do próprio movimento social, como categoria geográfica. Durante todo o trabalho, procuramos articular o nosso objeto de pesquisa, suas demandas e lutas à conjuntura política brasileira.
GRANDES PROJETOS DE INFRAESTRUTURA NA AMAZÔNIA: IMAGINÁRIO, COLONIALIDADE E RESISTÊNCIAS/ Major infrastructure projects in the Amazon: imagery, coloniality and resistance/ Grandes proyectos de infraestructura en la Amazonia: imaginario, colonialidad y resistencia
Authors: Rodrigues Jondison Cardoso , Lima Ricardo Angelo Pereira
Published: March 2021

O processo de formação socioeconômica da Amazônia configurou-se historicamente por meio de lógicas impositivas e espoliativas, do qual os grandes projetos (rodoviário, ferroviário, portuário, hidrelétrico e minerário) são representativos. Tal processo constitui o objetivo desse artigo, que é apresentar e refletir sobre o imaginário e as narrativas acerca da Amazônia que vem se costurando (colando-se) e alimentando a lógica “recente” de grandes projetos de infraestrutura e de agentes econômicos, e, o planejamento e as políticas públicas “conduzidas” pelo Estado brasileiro. Pretende-se além de mostrar os grandes projetos planejados, busca-se destacar como as populações tradicionais vêm resistindo a esses projetos; e, paralelamente, a isso, refletir sobre os desejos/necessidades dessas populações que vão para além do “projeto modernidade”. O caminho de pesquisa teve como recorte empírico-espacial, o estado do Pará (janeiro de 2014 a junho de 2019), com observações, entrevistas, “participações” em audiências públicas, em Barcarena (Nordeste do Pará) e Itaituba (Oeste do Pará), pesquisas de campo; além de reflexões a partir dos diálogos e formações com movimentos e resistências sociais e seminários em parceria com movimentos sociais.
LIMOLAYGO TOYPE: AS ASSEMBLEIAS INDÍGENAS E A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE TERRITORIAL DOS XUKURU DO ORORUBÁ /Limolaygo toype: Indigenous assemblies and the construction of the territorial identity of the Ororuba Xukuru / Limolaygo toype: Asambleas indígenas y la construcción de la identidad territorial del Ororubá Xukuru
Authors: Silva Beatriz Barbosa da , Gonçalves Claúdio Ubiratan , Santos Júnior Avelar Araújo , Pinto Luana Elis Oliveira
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo trazer a lume uma abordagem sobre as comunidades indígenas no Nordeste, demonstrando, através dos Xukuru do Ororubá, povo indígena habitantes no município de Pesqueira (Pernambuco), o processo de defesa e de relações materiais e imateriais existentes em seu território. Com isso, será analisada como as Assembleias Xukuru, realizadas desde 2001, representam um elemento central para a construção da identidade territorial dos Xukuru do Ororubá. Para a elaboração desta pesquisa foram realizadas três idas ao território Xukuru, além de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e sistematização dos documentos gerados nas Assembleias. Como citar este artigo:SILVA, Beatriz Barbosa; GONÇALVES, Claudio Ubiratan; JUNIOR, Avelar Araujo; PINTO, Luana Elis Oliveira. Limolaygo toype: As Assembleias indígenas e a construção da identidade territorial dos Xukuru do Ororubá. Revista NERA, v. 23, n. 54, p. 186-211, dossiê, 2020.
The Influence of Personal and Psychological Factors toward Consumer Purchase Decision (Case Study: PETERSAYSDENIM, Bandung)
Authors: Fitrayanti Vici , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of personal and psychological factors toward consumer purchase decision of PeterSaysDenim in Bandung. Those factors are important to the company because it would influence in consumer purchase decision on company’s product. This research uses quantitative analysis with has six independent variables (motivation, belief and attitudes, occupation, economic situation, personality and self-concept, and lifestyle) and one dependent variable (purchase decision). The analysis method that is used in this research is multiple linear regressions. The result shows that, there are partial significant influence of motivation, personality and self-concept, and lifestyle, and no partial significant influence toward consumer purchase decision. There is simultaneous significant influence of motivation, belief and attitudes, occupation, economic situation, personality and self-concept, and lifestyle toward consumer purchase decision with adjusted R square is 47.8%. The most significance value from all independent variables toward dependent variable is lifestyle.
MEDIA RESOURCES: THE REQUIREMENT OF THE MODERN GENERATION OF LEARNERS
Authors: Zakhro Umarova
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the organization of educational activities according to the requirements of representatives of modern generations and time. According to the author, the use of media resources in the educational process is a dictate of the time.
Applied Theatre
Authors: Busby Selina
Published: March 2021

Applied Theatre is a widely accepted term to describe a set of practices that encompass community, social and participatory theatre making. It is an area of performance practice that is flourishing within international contexts and communities. This book offers a critical consideration of long-term applied and participatory theatre projects. In doing so it is a timely analysis of the concepts that inform applied theatre and argues that a number of concepts that form cornerstones of the discipline, have become shibboleths in applied theatre thinking, practice and teaching.

The book problematises some of these key concepts, specifically regarding change and transformation, safe spaces, impact, exit strategies, ethical practice, process versus product and the concept of the applied theatre practitioner tool kit. Busby analyses applied theatre projects in India, Malta, New Zealand, the USA and the UK to consider her key question: is the 21st century the end for applied theatre as it was understood to function at the end of the previous century? Drawing on 20 years of practice in prisons, youth theatres and with street and slum-dwellers, this book focuses on long-term interventions that raise troubling questions about applied theatre, cultural colonialism and power, while arguing that community or participatory theatre conversely has the potential to generate a resilient sense of optimism, or what Busby terms a ‘nebulous utopia’.
Precarity in Contemporary Literature and Culture
Authors: Hogg Emily J. , Simonsen Peter
Published: March 2021

The contemporary moment is characterized by precarity – an expanding and intensifying vulnerability conditioned by political and economic structures. Using literary and cultural texts to develop a nuanced and critical exploration of the concept of precarity that emphasizes its contemporary manifestations while also attending to its historical roots and existential dimensions, this book examines the vulnerabilities which characterize our anxious existence, including unemployment, environmental crisis, temporary contracts and patterns of migration. Broken down into three key themes of feelings, bodies and time, Precarity in Contemporary Literature and Culture asks whether precarity can be considered a new phenomenon; explores the relationship between precarity and traditional class politics; analyses precarity’s global dimensions; and reflects on the links between contemporary crises and underlying existential human vulnerability. With reference to a wide range of forms such as contemporary, realist, science fiction and modernist novels, film, theatre, and the lyric poem, this book goes beyond one national context to consider texts from the US, UK, Germany and South Africa.
MALAT1/miR-320a in BMSC function may inform on mechanisms underlying osteoporosis
Authors: Su Chengli , Wang Hongning , Xu Luchen , Zhang Yue , Li Yunfeng
Published: March 2021

Introduction

growing evidence supports the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in bone metabolism and diseases. This study aims to investigate the involvement of the lncRNA MALAT1 in the pathological process of osteoporosis and the effects of MALAT1 on the regulation of BMSC differentiation through competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms.

Material and methods

the expression of MALAT1 and miR-320a was determined using RT-PCR in bone tissue derived from female SD(Sprague Dawley) rats with osteoporosis. Immumohistochemical staining (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and β-catenin. BMSCs were divided into 4 groups: Control, NC (Negative control), MALAT1 siRNA, and miR-320a mimics. Fourty-eight hours later, the effect of MALAT1 on the miR-320a expression, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was investigated. Two weeks later, the cell activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA expression of Osterix and Runx2 were evaluated. Three weeks later, alizarin red staining of calcified nodules and Western blot analysis of the expression of β-catenin, NRP-1, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) were performed.

Results

downregulated MALAT1 or upregulated miR-320a expression inhibited the activity and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, resulting in low ALP activity and NRP-1 expression, fewer calcified nodules, decreased mRNA levels of Osterix and Runx2, and inhibited expression of NRP-1, OCN, and OPN. MALAT1 silencing did not decrease the protein level of β-catenin in the cytoplasm but suppressed that in the nucleus.

Conclusions

downregulated MALAT1 and upregulated miR-320a expression play an important role in the pathological process of osteoporosis, via inhibition of the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Berberine induces apoptosis and arrests the cell cycle in multiple cancer cell lines
Authors: Li Qian , Zhao Hui , Chen Weimin , Huang Ping
Published: March 2021

Introduction

To examine the anti-cancer effects of berberine on multiple cancer cell lines, and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Material and methods

The IC50 values for the action of berberine on Tca8113 (oral squamous cell carcinoma), CNE2 (nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell), MCF-7 (breast cancer), Hela (cervical carcinoma), and HT29 (colon cancer) cells were determined by MTT cell viability assay. Early apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were examined by flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively. For expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes and proteins were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively.

Results

Berberine displayed a cytotoxic effect on all the cell lines tested. The IC50 values were determined (Tca8113, 218.52 ±18.71; CNE2, 249.18 ±18.14; MCF-7, 272.15 ±11.06; Hela, 245.18 ±17.33; and HT29, 52.37 ±3.45). PI staining revealed that berberine treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest at G2/M. The treatment also induced early apoptosis as shown by annexin V staining. In addition, berberine significant elevated gene and protein expression of BAX, which was accompanied by substantial decreases in BCL-2 gene and protein levels. The effects of berberine on BAX and BCL-2 were time-dependent.

Conclusions

Berberine exhibited cytotoxic effects on multiple cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The BCL-2/BAX signaling pathway may be the common pathway underlying the anti-tumor effect of berberine. The findings support the notion that berberine is a dietary compound that can be further developed into a drug candidate for cancer treatment.
Influence of lipid-lowering drugs on inflammation: what is yet to be done?
Authors: Ugovšek Sabina , Zupan Janja , Rehberger Likozar Andreja , Sebestjen Miran
Published: March 2021

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with risk of cardiovascular events. The best-characterised and well-standardised clinical indicator of inflammation is C-reactive protein. Current evidence-based drug therapies for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases are mainly focused on reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, these drugs do not provide sufficient protection against recurrent cardiovascular events. One of the possible mechanisms behind this recurrence might be the persistence of residual inflammation. For the most commonly used lipid-lowering drugs, the statins, their reduction of cardiovascular events goes beyond lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Here, we review the effects of these lipid-lowering drugs on inflammation, in terms of statins, ezetimibe, fibrates, niacin, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid and antisense oligonucleotides. We focus in particular on C-reactive protein, and discuss how the effects of the statins might be related to reduced rates of cardiovascular events.
De zichtbare hand: een historisch-sociologische benadering van neoliberalisme in Nederland
Authors: Oudenampsen Merijn , Mellink Bram
Published: March 2021

Since the financial crisis of 2008, the international literature on neoliberalism is booming. Despite the ubiquity of neoliberalism as a topic in Dutch public debate, Dutch academia thus far seems to be an exception to the trend. This introduction reflects on the relative scarcity of Dutch academic literature on neoliberalism, provides a brief overview of recent developments in the international literature and proposes a historicalsociological approach to study neoliberalism, with particular emphasis on the pivotal role of ideas and their translation into policy practices.
Voorbij de oude ballast: neoliberalisme en het nieuwe marktdenken van Nederlandse economen (1945-1952)
Authors: Harmsma Jonne
Published: March 2021

After the Second World War, Dutch economists became protagonists of party-political and ideological change. Representing this generation was Jelle Zijlstra (1918-2001), a Rotterdam graduate who became professor in 1948 and was appointed Minister of Economic Affairs in 1952. Together with fellow students like later managing director of the IMF Johan Witteveen, Zijlstra articulated a new pro-market consensus in economic thinking, influenced both by domestic and international developments. Grounded in modern thinking and expertise, Dutch economists started playing an important role in the post-war debate on economic order and policymaking. They made their stand jointly by appealing to Parliament in 1949 and 1951, while individually Zijlstra collided repeatedly with the old guard of the Anti-Revolutionary Party, whose socio-economic views he called ‘obsolete and outdated’. Conversely, conservatives labelled their advocacy of state intervention in economic life ‘socialist’, but on closer inspection the new consensus should be characterized as neoliberal. Dutch economists hailed consumer interests, deeming intervention necessary for free enterprise with the state promoting freedom and protecting ‘workable competition’. Meanwhile, Zijlstra used Hayek’s Road to Serfdom to determine whether policy measures exceeded ‘critical values’, endangering economic and political freedom. As such, neoliberalism surfaced in Dutch economic thinking and possibly policymaking as well.
Worstelen met de markt: de vele gezichten van het neoliberalisme bij Nederlandse beleidsadviesraden (1998-2005)
Authors: Zuidhof P.W.
Published: March 2021

This article studies the quiet rise of neoliberal modes of government in the Netherlands during the 1990s. Using a Foucauldian governmentality perspective, it examines twelve reports issued by independent governmental policy advisory councils between 1998 and 2005 to see how they reflected on the changing relationship between the market and government. In response to the growing neoliberalization of Dutch policy, the advisory councils asked how market instruments could be put to better use for attaining public policy goals. Four patterns were identified in their response. First, the advisory councils moved to depoliticize the market question by providing a scientific and rational footing for neoliberal policies. Second, the reports indirectly pointed out that neoliberal policies are not concerned with real markets but play on the market metaphor when designing marketlike solutions for public purposes. Third, it was shown that the neoliberal play on the market metaphor enabled the articulation of a variety of neoliberal interventions, each with distinct political implications. Fourth, it showed how Dutch neoliberal discourse was increasingly being framed around the notion of ‘borgen’ (safeguarding) of the public interest, in an attempt to realign neoliberal policies with the public interest. These findings challenge popular explanations that tend to view ‘neoliberalism’ as a grand ideology or policy agenda but point at the everyday role of policy advice
Towards Comparing Machine Learning Models to Foresee the Stages for heart disease
Authors: Amen Khalid , Zohdy Mohamed , Mahmoud Mohammed
Published: March 2021

With the increase in heart disease rates at advanced ages, we need to put a high quality algorithm in place to be able to predict the presence of heart disease at an early stage and thus, prevent it. Previous Machine Learning approaches were used to predict whether patients have heart disease. The purpose of this work is to compare two more algorithms (NB, KNN) to our previous work [1] to predict the five stages of heart disease starting from no disease, stage 1, stage 2, stage 3 and advanced condition, or severe heart disease. We found that the LR algorithm performs better compared to the other two algorithms. The experiment results show that LR performs the best with an accuracy of 82%, followed by NB with an accuracy of 79% when all three classifiers are compared and evaluated for performance based on accuracy, precision, recall and F measure.
Phenomenological Experiences of Women through Microcredit Programs of Upper Sindh: Stepping towards the Empowerment.
Authors: Et al., Sarah Wali Qazi
Published: March 2021

This research study extracts the women experiences about empowerment which are comprehended through the use of microcredit. During the Literature exploration, it was obvious that there is an optimistic verdict between women empowerment and microcredit; also it alleviates the poverty of women that is a feminization of poverty. This study has assessed the lived experiences of women that how they precipitate their feelings for grasping empowerment with microcredit. This is an abductive research strategy along with the philosophy of hermeneutic phenomenology within a feminist paradigm, and generally, research design reveals the truth of numerous subjective perspectives and would help in creating the meaning of empowerment from the upper Sindh’s context. This study is conducted in upper Sindh; women who availed microcredit from microfinance banks and institutions are respondents. For data collection, in-depth interviews by using interview protocol have been conducted till the saturation point. The interpretative phenomenological analysis is used to extract the themes and constructing meanings. Women associate financial ability for having three meals a day and decision taking capability as their empowerment, they think the transformation of families’ lives in a better way is their empowerment. From subjective views of upper Sindh women, it was seen that microcredit transforms their lives if used in some economic activity. This study would be valuable for the policy designers of microfinance that they can plan strategies and policies accordingly.
Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS): The Case of Latin American & Caribbean Developing Economies
Authors: Shah Mumtaz Hussain
Published: March 2021

The growing share of knowledge-intensive products in international trade and the increasing sensitivity of multinational firms to intellectual property theft make it imperative to analyse the effect of IPR promulgation on their FDI decision. In this perspective the current article gauge the importance of Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement under World Trade Organisation (WTO) in increasing a Latin American & Caribbean (LAC) developing economy’s appeal for investors from abroad. Infrastructure and skilled labour availability, market size, macroeconomic stability, economic development, and trade liberalization are also considered. Time-invariant phenomena such as access to the sea, regional affiliations/proximities, income groupings and ability to speak one of the international languages, though desirable were not done because fixed effect panel estimation technique does not permit the use of dummy variables. Due to the 2008-2009 recession in the developed economies, the available investment funds withered, making the investors’ sceptic apropos the safety of their tangible and intangible property, especially in the developing world, causing a decrease in FDI to these nations in general. However, LAC countries were somewhat resilient and received a steadily increasing flow of foreign investment. Thus, it demands to analyse the factors that overcame the overseas investors’ scepticism and prompted them to invest in the LAC region. By utilizing annual data for 28 years that is 1989-2016 from 24 LAC developing nations it is found that infrastructure and human capital availability, macroeconomic stability, economic development, strengthening and worldwide harmonization of intellectual property right standards through TRIPS positively effects the overseas investor's investment decision. The host population used to measure market size is found to be insignificant when tested with other conventional FDI location pull factors. Similarly, liberalization, consistent with horizontal FDI theory, exerts a significant negative effect on inward FDI.
The Development of Quality Assurance Mechanism and Accreditation of Open and Distance Education in Pakistan
Authors: Et al., Waqar Un Nisa Faizi
Published: March 2021

The research was conducted with the intent to analyze authorization and quality development procedure for the open Distant Education system that is adopted in Pakistan. The Higher Education Commission in Pakistan has implemented various strategies for assuring a high level of quality education is provided. One of the efforts includes reorganizing the infrastructure of the educational institutes for its proficient implementation. The research method adopted in it is of qualitative nature which constitutes of analyzing various literature and evaluating the responses of questions gathered from the 21 Heads of Department. The responses were also generated from the four public universities in which the randomly selected answers were of forty students. The responses were studied to evaluate their perception, prospection, and the difficulties they perceive are associated with the methods and services adopted for improving educational quality in Pakistan. The study suggests that the quality enhancement follows an outline which is based on the fundamentals of making students nurture on the international viewpoint, educational quality standards and ownership standards, self-determination and relations, improving the student's knowledge quality and integrating all the parties associated for the formation of an effective system.