bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nicotiana Tabacum Essential Oil Extract From Cigarettes Products Against Diverse Smokers Mouth Floral Isolates
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria, Osuntokun Oludare Temitope
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial divesity, and the antimicrobial potential of Nicotiana tabacum oil extracts against diverse Smokers Mouth Floral isolates The oral microbiota of smokers is significantly impacted by tobacco use, which may increase the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria, potentially leading to oral health complications.. Five (5) oral samples were collected from five smokers, and microbial analysis was carried out using standard microbiological techniques through the use of NA and MacConkey agar. Isolated were identify via cultural characterstics and through series of biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial activities of Nicotiana tabacum oil extracts was performed with varying concertation (100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, and 12.5 mg/mL) using agar well diffusion assay. The killing dynamics of Nicotiana tabacum oil extracts against isolated bacteria was done using UV spectrophotometer. Results showed CFUs ranging from 3.0 × 104 to 9.8 × 104 CFU/mL among the samples. This study identified several bacterial isolates from the oral flora of smokers, including Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus lactis, Pediococcus acidilactici, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, Actinomyces bovis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The oil extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity, particularly at higher concentrations, with inhibition zones of up to 13.0 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. Killing time assays revealed a reduction in bacterial load, with optical density (OD) dropping to 0.000 by 48 hours for most isolates, demonstrating effective bacterial killing.Nicotiana tabacum oil extracts showed promising antibacterial properties against oral pathogens from smokers. These findings suggest potential applications of the extracts as adjuncts to oral health treatments for smokers, warranting further research into their molecular mechanisms and long-term efficacy.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery vs. open thoracotomy in the management of empyema: A Meta-analytical perspective
Authors: Sudarma I Wayan , Yasa Ketut Putu , Harta I Komang Adhi Parama , Pertiwi Putu Febry Krisna
Published: January 2025

Background: Pleural empyema is a serious condition requiring surgical intervention in advanced stages. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and open thoracotomy in the management of pleural empyema.
Method: After performing a systematic search on electronic databases, 15 studies were included with a total of 1,795 patients.
Result: The results demonstrated that VATS was associated with significantly shorter chest tube duration (MD: −2.68 days, 95% CI: −4.22 to −1.13, p < 0.001), reduced rates of prolonged air leak (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.74, p = 0.001), and lower total complications (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.87, p = 0.006). Mortality, reoperation rates, and recurrence rates were comparable between VATS and open thoracotomy, indicating similar efficacy for long-term disease resolution. In conclusion, this analysis highlights the advantages of VATS as a minimally invasive approach, particularly in reducing postoperative morbidity and complications.
Conclusion: Open thoracotomy remains crucial for complex or advanced cases requiring extensive decortication. The findings underscore the importance of individualized surgical decision-making based on disease stage and patient characteristics.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNICAL REGULATION SYSTEM IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: BUTOVKA Alexey , KRETOV Dmitry
Published: January 2025

The article examines the issue of improving the technical regulation system in the construction industry of the Russian Federation. The authors of the article note that the current system has a number of shortcomings that hinder the introduction of innovative solutions and materials. This hinders the development of the industry and reduces its competitiveness. To solve the above problem, significant changes have been made to the technical regulation legislation, however, these changes have their own consequences and problems that are not currently resolved.
EXAMINATION OF THE STATE OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECT OF THE ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST CATHEDRAL IN SARANSK
Authors: LAVROVA Olga , ZHELTOVA Marina
Published: January 2025

The article considers an examination of the state of the cultural heritage object, St. John the Evangelist Cathedral in Saransk. The examination showed damage to the supporting structures of the vault. Calculation of damaged structures was carried out using the LIRA-FEM software complex. Based on the analysis of the calculation results, recommendations for strengthening the structural elements of the building are given.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO THE PROTECTION OF BUILDING METAL STRUCTURES BASED ON PROBABILITY-STATIC METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE PROPERTIES OF PAINT COATINGS
Authors: PCHELNIKOV Alexander , PICHUGIN Anatoly , ISKANDAROV Marat
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the development of a conceptual approach to the protection of building metal structures, which is based on a probabilistic-statistical method for controlling the properties of paint and varnish coatings. In general, it includes a diagram of the influence of adhesion and cohesion of paint and varnish coatings on their other properties, a factorial system of creation technology paint and varnish coatings and a constructed mathematical model for optimizing paint and varnish coatings, which allows, depending on the purpose of the coating, to determine the optimal composition of paint and varnish materials. The use of a systematic approach to the probabilistic-statistical concept of analysis and optimization of engineering solutions allows us to consider all components and factors affecting the durability of coatings and take into account their interaction with each other. This, in turn, allows to more fully and accurately assess the influence of each factor on the properties of coatings and optimize their parameters. Application of the presented conceptual approach will make it possible to develop operationally resistant protective coatings, taking into account the individual conditions of their use, as well as to evaluate coatings according to all technological, operational and process requirements.
STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF DISPERSED MICROSILICA
Authors: SELYAEV Vladimir , KUPRIYASHKINA Lyudmila
Published: January 2025

This article presents experimental data on the study of the fine structure of dispersed microsilicas: surface topography, morphology of their particles. For this purpose, a multifunctional scanning electron microscope Quanta 200 i3DFEI was used, which allows viewing the details of the structure of porous associates of micrometer sizes, as well as nanometer-level particles. A detailed analysis of the obtained microphotographs allows tracing the structure of the hierarchical organization of particles of amorphous silicon dioxide and condensed microsilica. For a more accurate determination of the elemental composition of dispersed microsilicas, an ARLPerform`X 4200 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used, which allows obtaining information on the elemental composition of a significant volume of the object under study.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MAXIMUM DEFLECTION AND NATURAL VIBRATION FREQUENCY IN A FIVE-LAYER CLT PANEL WITH CHANGING THE PITCH OF LAMELLAE IN TRANSVERSE LAYERS
Authors: TROSHIN Mikhail , KOROBKO Andrey
Published: January 2025

The present study examines the relationship between the maximum deflection and natural vibration frequency in a five-layer CLT panel under varying board spacing in the transverse layers under different structural boundary conditions. For the study, a computational finite element model in the form of a composite plate with orthotropic properties of the layers has been created in the SCAD++ computational complex. The basis for the study is the regularity established for isotropic plates by V.I. Korobko, describing the relationship between the maximum deflection W0 and the frequency of natural vibrations ω of the structure. It is expressed through the proportionality coefficient K. The results of the study are the values of the maximum deflection and frequency of natural vi-brations in a five-layer CLT panel at different values of the pitch of lamellas in the transverse layers, as well as the values of the proportionality coefficient K obtained by calculation. The established relationship through the calculated value of the coefficient K is compared with its analytical value for different boundary conditions. It is established that the deviation of the calculated value of the coefficient does not exceed 2%.
ON THE STABILITY OF DEFORMATION OF AN ELASTIC BODY UNDER QUASI-STATIC LOADING
Authors: PEROVA Olga , LAVIT Igor
Published: January 2025

The paper describes a method that occupies an intermediate position between two different approaches to the formulation of the problem of stability of a deformable solid. The assumption of small deformations is used. The issue of stability of the equilibrium of an elastic body is considered as a difficulty of bifurcation of a stress-strain state. The solution of the Euler problem is given as an example of the application of the method.
SCIENTIFIC REPORT ON THE XXV INTERNATIONAL STC "ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY"
Authors: TRESHCHEV Alexander , SELYAEV Vladimir , PETROV Vladilen , ANPILOV Sergey , RIMSHIN Vladimir , TELICHKO Victor
Published: January 2025

In accordance with the Rector's order, from June 26 to 28, 2024, Tula State University hosted the XXV International Scientific and Technical Conference on “Actual Problems of Construction and the Construction Industry”. The conference was held in a hybrid format, allowing participants to attend in person or remotely, as well as submit their papers for publication in conference proceedings. The conference was organized within the framework of the Strategy for the development of the construction industry and housing and communal services of the Russian Federation until 2030 and Priority 2030 program. It was organized by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences, and Tula State University. The “Actual Problems of Construction” conference has been held annually since 2000. Its goal is to discuss problems in construction industry, promote construction science and education, and encourage young people to engage in scientific research. During the conference, modern issues and challenges in fields of building materials, products, structures technology, design theory, individual buildings and their operation, as well as historical aspects and current issues in education in “Construction” at all levels were discussed.
PROMISING AREA OF USING LARGE-TONNAGE RESERVES OF TECHNOGENIC AND SUBSTANDARD SIBERIAN RAW MATERIALS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF BUILDING MATERIALS
Authors: VERESHCHAGIN Vladimir , ROOT Lyudmila , BARANOVA Galina
Published: January 2025

The production of materials and products for advanced construction industry based on large-tonnage reserves of substandard and silicate raw materials is relevant. The article presents the results of the analysis of scientific research and practical use of nepheline sludge of the Achinsk Alumina Refinery, zeolite-containing rocks of the Sakhaptynsky deposit in the Krasnoyarsk Region and pyroxene waste from the enrichment of titanium ore of the Kachkanarsky Mining and Processing Plant. Promising areas of use of the considered types of silicate raw materials in the production of building materials are highlighted. Zeolite-containing rocks are effective in obtaining foamedglassceramic materials with a poured density of 430-450 kg/m3, water absorption of 3.5-3.8%, and compressive strength of 6.0-6.4 MPa using a single-stage technology. With a two-stage technology, the bulk density is 330-350 kg/m3 and the strength is 4.3-4.6 MPa. Pyroxene wastes, represented by iron-containing solid solutions of diopside, are promising for use in the production of wall ceramics and facing tiles. Along with the current production of cement clinker based on nepheline sludge, mass production of autoclaved foam silicate wall blocks is promising.
VERIFICATION OF THE ADEQUACY OF THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THERMAL FLUCTUATION CONSTANTS BY DIRECT TEMPERATURE AND REFERENCE POINT FOR WOODEN STRUCTURES
Authors: YEROFEYEV Alexander , MONASTYREV Pavel , YEZERSKY Valery , ANPILOV Sergey , KAZMIN Vladislav
Published: January 2025

It is shown that at present the prediction of durability is carried out on the basis of the thermofluctuation concept of destruction and deformation of solids. According to this concept, in order to predict durability, it is necessary to experimentally determine the four thermal fluctuation constants of the generalized Zhurkov equation. One of the methods for determining constants is the direct temperature and control point method. There are cases of convergence of the direct temperatures of the dependence of the logarithm of durability on voltage to a point at an extremely low temperature. This pattern is observed for wooden structures. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to experimentally verify the adequacy of this technique for the case of convergence of direct temperatures to a point at extremely low temperatures using the example of wooden structures. The paper experimentally determined the values of durability of wooden beams at three different ambient temperatures and five values of non-destructive stresses for each of the selected temperatures. The thermal fluctuation constants of the generalized Zhurkov equation are determined in the classical way and using the direct temperature and control point method. The obtained results were compared, and conclusions were drawn about the possibility and scope of the methodology for determining durability by direct temperature and control point in the case of convergence of direct temperatures to a point at extremely low temperature.
THEORY AND PRACTICE ORIGINAL ARTICLE COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE VALUES OF METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS FOR TEMPERATE, SUBTROPICAL, EXTREMELY COLD AND ARCTIC CLIMATES
Authors: NIZINA Tatiana , CHIBULAEV Igor , NIZIN Dmitry , SPIRIN Ilya , PIVKIN Nikolai
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes quantitative indicators of change in temperature and relative humidity of the ambient air of moderate, extremely cold, Arctic and subtropical climates recorded at weather stations in Saransk, Yakutsk, the village Tiksi and Gelendzhik between 2019 and 2023. The minimum, average, and maximum values, as well as temperature and relative humidity distribution curves, are analyzed depending on the month of 2022. The distribution of temperature and relative humidity of the air during the calendar year was revealed on heat maps, as well as on maps of the complex impact of these meteorological indicators for the four above-mentioned climatic zones in 2019-2023.
Penerapan Pola Peran Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Administrasi Desa Melalui Sistem Informasi Manajemen
Authors: Siahaan Septony , Pasaribu Dompak , Simanjuntak Wesly Andri , SITORUS SUNDAY ADE
Published: January 2025

This service aims to implement a Management Information System (SIM) to improve the efficiency of village administration management, accelerate public services, and increase transparency in Sei Mencirim Village. This program also aims to improve the digital literacy of village officials to be able to utilize technology in managing village administration. This activity is carried out through socialization, technical training, and mentoring of village officials in using SIM. Socialization aims to provide a basic understanding of SIM, while technical training includes simulations of using SIM software and managing village administration data. The final stage is mentoring to ensure the SIM can operate optimally. The implementation of the SIM has improved the efficiency of village administration management, accelerated public services, and increased transparency of village budgets. The community felt the direct benefits in the form of faster document processing time, as well as increased transparency in budget use. Village officials can access and manage data in real-time, accelerating the decision-making process. The main challenges in implementing the SIM include limited technological infrastructure and low digital literacy of village officials. However, the training provided has improved the ability of village officials to manage administration better. The program is also credited with reducing administrative errors that are common in manual systems. However, strengthening the infrastructure and increasing the capacity of village officials are needed to optimize the operation of the SIM. The implementation of SIM in Sei Mencirim Village has brought positive impacts in the form of increased administrative efficiency and public services. Although there are still challenges such as limited infrastructure and digital literacy, this program can be used as a model for implementing technology in other villages. With the support of the local government, this program is expected to improve community welfare and encourage transparency in village management.
Successful reversal of intestinal obstruction by PRRT: two case reports and literature review of PRRT in Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors with mesenteric fibrosis
Authors: Dubois E , Geelen R , Leupe H , Deroose C.M. , Verslype C
Published: January 2025

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) typically follow an indolent disease course and are often accompanied by mesenteric lymph node metastases upon diagnosis. These tumors can incite a fibroblastic reaction within the mesenteric root. Here, we present two cases of patients with symptomatic small bowel obstruction due to such mesenteric involvement. These patients underwent peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), resulting in the stabilization of the mesenteric mass and remarkable improvements in obstructive symptoms. They experienced a return to oral intake and were able to discontinue parenteral nutrition. Despite some controversies, PRRT emerges as a promising tool in managing the mesenteric mass and achieving a reversal of debilitating complications such as obstruction and mesenteric ischemia.
Aspiration thrombectomy of the hepatic veins in Budd Chiari Syndrome
Authors: Geens C , Kwanten W.J. , Francque S , van der Zijden T , Voormolen M , Jardinet T
Published: January 2025

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare, potentially lifethreatening condition characterised by obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow tract due to thrombosis. Treatment typically involves lifelong anticoagulation and relieving the obstruction. This case report introduces hepatic venous thromboaspiration as an additional endovascular technique to achieve recanalisation.
A DIFUSÃO DO CONHECIMENTO SOBRE EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA RESIDENCIAL: UMA PERSPECTIVA PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE NA REGIÃO DO CARIRI
Authors: Santos Anna Késsia Farias , Silva Larissa Pordeus de Araújo , Meneses Caio Henrique Pereira de , Silva Milena Vanessa da , Saraiva Piedley Macedo
Published: January 2025

A eficiência energética é essencial para minimizar impactos ambientais e promover a sustentabilidade. Na região do Cariri, onde predominam altas temperaturas, a conscientização sobre práticas construtivas sustentáveis é crucial para reduzir o consumo de energia e melhorar o conforto térmico das residências. Este artigo aborda uma iniciativa para difundir o conhecimento sobre eficiência energética na construção civil, utilizando materiais acessíveis (panfletos informativos) e digitais (postagens em redes sociais) para alcançar a comunidade local. A pesquisa, de natureza aplicada e qualitativa, envolveu entrevistas com profissionais da construção civil e campanhas educativas direcionadas ao público. Os resultados indicaram uma lacuna significativa no conhecimento sobre práticas de eficiência energética, mas também revelaram uma aceitação positiva da comunidade em resposta às campanhas educativas. O perfil no Instagram alcançou 2.500 interações em dois meses, e os panfletos distribuídos em lojas de materiais de construção geraram interesse em materiais sustentáveis. Os principais desafios identificados foram a falta de formação técnica e apoio financeiro para implementar práticas eficientes. A pesquisa conclui que a eficiência energética é uma solução prática e viável para a sustentabilidade, mas necessita de maior difusão entre moradores e profissionais locais. Futuros trabalhos podem incluir a expansão geográfica da pesquisa, o desenvolvimento de aplicativos educativos, parcerias com instituições de ensino e estudos de longo prazo para avaliar o impacto das práticas de eficiência energética. A consolidação de uma cultura de sustentabilidade na região do Cariri depende do engajamento contínuo da comunidade e de parcerias estratégicas.
A INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E A TOMADA DE DECISÃO DO ASSISTENTE SOCIAL CONTRIBUTOS PARA A FORMAÇÃO EM SERVIÇO SOCIAL
Authors: Mota Gonçalo
Published: January 2025

Neste artigo realizamos uma reflexão sobre a forma como a inteligência artificial (IA), nomeadamente o desenvolvimento de modelos de decisão baseados em algoritmos poderão influenciar a construção da tomada de decisão dos assistentes sociais. Defendemos que o recurso a estas plataformas poderá promover um enviesamento de decisões, o cometimento de erros e amplificar desigualdades e práticas discriminatórias, e que, por isso, merecem uma profunda reflexão enquanto dimensão ética do Serviço Social. Suportamos o nosso argumento numa análise teórico-conceptual de natureza exploratória, centrada na problematização sobre as questões de natureza ética suscitadas pela utilização das ferramentas de IA por parte destes profissionais. Com base na nossa análise, entendemos que deve existir um debate sobre a necessidade de integração da temática da IA, de forma transversal, nas disciplinas de Ética e Deontologia dos ciclos de estudos em Serviço Social, por forma a preparar os futuros assistentes sociais para os desafios éticos que decorrem da introdução de plataformas de IA na sua prática profissional.
Flow channelling and variability in transit times and tortuosity in a fractured rock model with small scale heterogeneity
Authors: Frampton Andrew
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Transit times and tortuosity for advective particles following water flow in a three-dimensional discrete fracture network with high-resolution representation of internal fracture heterogeneity in aperture is investigated using a numerical model with a stochastic Lagrangian transport framework. The fracture network properties are obtained from field measurements and data of a deep fractured rock formation in the Forsmark site in Sweden. Different assumptions for describing the variance and correlation length used for internal heterogeneity of fracture aperture fields are considered. It is shown that cases with strong variance and correlation length cause earlier first arrivals and delayed late arrivals, thereby extending the range of the transit time breakthrough distribution, compared to the assumption of constant fracture aperture. Also, the timing of peak mass arrival is delayed and its density is reduced. Furthermore, a strong correlation between transit time and tortuosity which occurs for early and bulk mass arrival is revealed, which breaks down for late mass arrival. Thereby two transport regimes are identified, where a first regime is mainly controlled by the network structure and exhibits strong correlation with tortuosity, and a second regime is mainly controlled by the fracture aperture heterogeneity and exhibits weak correlation with tortuosity.
Cancellation of cloud shadow effects in the absorbing aerosol index retrieval algorithm of TROPOMI
Authors: Trees Victor J. H. , Wang Ping , Stammes Piet , Tilstra Lieuwe G. , Donovan David P. , Siebesma A. Pier
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Cloud shadows can be detected in the radiance measurements of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5P satellite due to its high spatial resolution and could possibly affect its air quality products. The cloud-shadow-induced signatures are, however, not always apparent and may depend on various cloud and scene parameters. Hence, the quantification of the cloud shadow impact requires the analysis of large data sets. Here we use the cloud shadow detection algorithm DARCLOS to detect cloud shadow pixels in the TROPOMI absorbing aerosol index (AAI) product over Europe during 8 months. For every shadow pixel, we automatically select cloud- and shadow-free neighbour pixels in order to estimate the cloud-shadow-induced signature. In addition, we simulate the measured cloud shadow impact on the AAI with our newly developed three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer algorithm MONKI. Both the measurements and simulations show that the average cloud shadow impact on the AAI is close to zero (0.06 and 0.16, respectively). However, the top-of-atmosphere reflectance ratio between 340 and 380 nm, which is used to compute the AAI, is significantly increased in 95 % of the shadow pixels. So, cloud shadows are bluer than surrounding non-shadow pixels. Our simulations explain that the traditional AAI formula intrinsically already corrects for this cloud shadow effect via the lower retrieved scene albedo. This cancellation of cloud shadow signatures is not always perfect, sometimes yielding second-order low and high biases in the AAI which we also successfully reproduce with our simulations. We show that the magnitude of those second-order cloud shadow effects depends on various cloud parameters which are difficult to determine for the shadows measured with TROPOMI. We conclude that a potential cloud shadow correction strategy for the TROPOMI AAI would therefore be complicated if not unnecessary.
Ozone decrease observed in the upper atmosphere following the May 11th 2024 Mother’s day solar storm
Authors: Winant Alexandre , Pierrard Viviane , Botek Edith
Published: January 2025

Abstract. On May 11th 2024, a succession of coronal mass ejections that merged together struck the Earth and induced large scale perturbations in the magnetosphere. During this event, satellite observations showed a large solar energetic proton (SEP) event associated to an extreme geomagnetic storm. At the same time, satellite observations of atmospheric ozone have been performed by AURA/MLS. In this work, we present the first observations of the effect of the storm of May and the following SEP of June 8th on ozone concentration throughout the atmosphere. Observations of the MLS show that the event of May lead to stronger depletion of O3 in the upper part of the atmosphere than in June. This difference is explained by the type of particle precipitation that occurred during the two events, with both protons and electrons in May and only protons in June. Neither event caused ozone depletion in the stratosphere while strong decreases are observed in the mesosphere. In May, mesospheric ozone depletion is observed during 18 days and reaches a maximum of 60 %. In addition, the storm of May also caused a noticeable decrease in ozone concentration (up to 20 %) at altitudes above 90 km.
Dissolution-precipitation creep in polymineralic granitoid shear zones in experiments II: Rheological parameters
Authors: Nevskaya Natalia , Berger Alfons , Stünitz Holger , Ohl Markus , Plümper Oliver , Herwegh Marco
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The transition from strong to weak mechanical behaviour in the Earth's continental middle crust is always caused by an initiation of viscous deformation. Microstructural evidence from field examples indicates that viscously deforming polymineralic shear zones represent the weakest zones in the crust and may dominate mid-crustal rheology. The results of recent experiments (as in companion paper 1) demonstrate that the observed weak behaviour is due to the activation of dissolution-precipitation creep (DPC). Formation of fine-grained material and efficient pinning of grain growth are important prerequisites for the formation of a stable deforming microstructure. However, available rheological parameters for fine-grained polymineralic rocks deforming by DPC are insufficient. A series of three types of experiments was conducted on a granitoid fine-grained ultramylonite to different strains at 650 °C–725 °C, 1.2 GPa with strain rates varying from 10-3 s-1 to 10-6 s-1. Type I and II experiments are solid natural samples, providing key microstructural evidence for DPC. Type III are general shear experiments performed on coarse- and fine-grained ultramylonite powder. All experiments were combined to estimate rheological parameters for such polymineralic shear zones. A stress exponent n≈1.5 and grain size exponent m≈-1.66, with uncertainties, were estimated and coupled with microstructural observations. Extrapolations indicate that at slow natural strain rates, DPC in polymineralic granitoid fault rocks can occur at lower temperatures than monomineralic quartz. A deformation mechanism map is proposed, indicating a transition in the deformation mechanism from dislocation creep in monomineralic quartz to DPC in weaker polymineralic fine-grained granitoid, based on strain rate and grain size. Most importantly, the polymineralic composition is the determining factor in achieving the fine grain sizes necessary for DPC to become activated. This is due to the presence of additional chemical driving potentials and phase mixing, both of which are absent in monomineralic systems.
A machine-learning reconstruction of sea surface pCO2 in the North American Atlantic Coastal Ocean Margin from 1993 to 2021
Authors: Wu Zelun , Lu Wenfang , Roobaert Alizée , Song Luping , Yan Xiao-Hai , Cai Wei-Jun
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Insufficient spatiotemporal coverage of observations of the surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) has hindered precise carbon cycle studies in coastal oceans and justifies the development of spatially and temporally continuous pCO2 data products. Earlier pCO2 products have difficulties in capturing the heterogeneity of regional variations and decadal trends of pCO2 in the North American Atlantic Coastal Ocean Margin (NAACOM). This study developed a regional reconstructed pCO2 product for the NAACOM (Reconstructed Coastal Acidification Database-pCO2, or ReCAD-NAACOM-pCO2) using a two-step approach combining random forest regression and linear regression. The product provides monthly pCO2 data at 0.25° spatial resolution from 1993 to 2021, enabling investigation of regional spatial differences, seasonal cycles, and decadal changes in pCO2. The observation-based reconstruction was trained using Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) observations as observational values, with various satellite-derived and reanalysis environmental variables known to control sea surface pCO2 as model inputs. The product shows high accuracy during the model training, validation, and independent test phases, demonstrating robustness and a capability to accurately reconstruct pCO2 in regions or periods lacking direct observational data. Compared with all the observation samples from SOCAT, the pCO2 product yields a determination coefficient of 0.92, a root-mean-square error of 12.70 µatm, and an accumulative uncertainty of 23.25 µatm. The ReCAD-NAACOM-pCO2 product demonstrates its capability to resolve seasonal cycles, regional-scale variations, and decadal trends of pCO2 along the NAACOM. This new product provides reliable pCO2 data for more precise studies of coastal carbon dynamics in the NAACOM region. The dataset is publicly accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14038561 (Wu et al., 2024a) and will be updated regularly.
Modelling extensive green roof CO2 exchanges in the TEB urban canopy model
Authors: Mirebeau Aurélien , de Munck Cécile , Bonan Bertrand , Delire Christine , Lemonsu Aude , Masson Valéry , Weber Stephan
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Green roofs are promoted to provide ecosystem services and to mitigate climate change in urban areas. This is largely due to their supposed benefits for biodiversity, rainwater management, evaporative cooling, and carbon sequestration. One scientific challenge is quantifying the various contributions of green roofs using reliable methods. In this context, the green roof module already running in the Town Energy Balance urban canopy model for water and energy exchanges was improved by implementing the CO2 fluxes and the carbon sequestration potential. This parametrisation combines the ISBA (Interaction Between Soil Biosphere and Atmosphere) photosynthesis, biomass and soil respiration module with the green roof module in order to quantify the net CO2 amount emitted or fixed by the green roof over a time period. The parametrisation was fully achieved by using data of an extensive Sedum non irrigated green roof located at the Berlin BER airport in Germany from 2016 to 2020. The five years of measurements were used to do a sensitivity analysis of the photosynthesis module parameters in order to classify the parameters according to their influence, followed by a calibration over the most important parameters and evaluation. Results show a good agreement of the simulated leaf area index and CO2 fluxes with in situ observations, with good diurnal, seasonal and inter-annual variability, even if the model tends to be overly responsive on the day to day variability. The model reproduces well the Net Ecosystem Exchange which provides a reliable estimation of the annual carbon sequestration. Those results are encouraging in quantifying the potential of carbon sequestration of green roofs and open up the possibility of applying the new parametrisation on a city-wide scale to evaluate green roof scenarios.
Modelling the influence of streamwise flow field acceleration on the aerodynamic performance of an actuator disc
Authors: Zengler Clemens Paul , Troldborg Niels , Gaunaa Mac
Published: January 2025

Abstract. In the present work, a simple model is derived for the situation of an actuator disc (AD) operating in a background flow field featuring a constant streamwise velocity gradient. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of this scenario are performed, showing that a positive acceleration yields a reduction of induction and vice versa, a negative acceleration leads to an increase of induction. The new model accurately captures this behavior and significantly reduces the prediction error compared to classical momentum theory, where the effect of the background flow acceleration is disregarded. The model indicates that the maximum power coefficient and the corresponding values of the optimal induction and thrust coefficient depend on the flow acceleration.
Prevalence of Hypocalcemia in Infants of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Sarwar Nida , Fayyaz Khurram , Ata Imrana , Aslam Sehar , Begum Hajra , Ahmad Khubaib
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of newborn hypocalcemia among infants of mothers with gestational diabetes. Study Design & Setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted at PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from November 2023 to March 2024
Methodology: Each mother's fasting blood sugar level was evaluated by drawing 5 ml of blood. At 24 hours after delivery, sterile blood samples (2 cc) were taken to determine the neonate's calcium level; a serum calcium level below 7 mg/dl was regarded as hypocalcemia. All information was gathered using a research template that was created in-house. Serum calcium was measured using the Arsenazo III method, and serum albumin was assessed using the bromocresol green (BCG) method.
Results: The mean ± S.D. of the maternal age of the study participants was 26.83 ± 3.87 years. The mean ± S.D. of the gestational age of the study participants was 37.35 ± 0.86 weeks. The mean ± S.D. of fasting glucose levels of the study participants was 104.5 ± 15.1 mg/dl. A total of 27.5% of infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes had hypocalcemia. Infants' median Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were 6 and 9, respectively. The prevalence of hypocalcemia in newborns was highest among mothers aged 21–30, though this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.139).
Conclusion: The results showed that 27.5% of infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes had hypocalcemia. Maternal age did not have a statistically significant association with hypocalcemia in newborns.
Diagnostic Efficacy of grey-zone Serum Prostate Specific Antigen level in patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: Hussain Syed Atif , Tumrani Rukhsana , Nigar Afsheen , Rahim Anber , Chaudhry Mahnoor , Zahra Seerat Fatima Tu
Published: January 2025

Objective: Evaluation of diagnostic role of grey zone serum prostate specific antigen level(4-10ng/ml) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate carcinoma keeping histopathology as gold standard. Study design and setting: Cross-sectional study conducted in department of urology and chemical pathology, sheikh Zayed hospital Rahim yar khan.
Methodology: Patients with grey zone serum prostate specific antigen level (4-10ng/ml), lower urinary tract symptoms or abnormal DRE (digital rectal examination) were included and diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of histopathology. Chi square test used to see the statistically significant difference between subgroups. P value <0.05 was deemed as significant. Diagnostic role evaluated by ROC curve analysis.
Results: Mean age of study subjects was 60.21±10.046 years and 155 (81.2%) subjects were having serum prostate specific antigen level in grey zone (4-10ng/ml). Of the total 191 study subjects, 59(30.9%) were histopathologically confirmed cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 34(17.8%) were confirmed cases of prostate carcinoma. 41 (26.45%) cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia were having serum PSA level in grey zone (4-10ng/ml) and 16(10.32%) cases with prostate carcinoma were having PSA level in grey zone (4-10ng /ml). ROC curve analysis shows AUC=0.584 in case of BPH and AUC=0.707 in case of CA prostate.
Conclusion: On the basis of our study, it is concluded that grey zone serum PSA level in symptomatic individuals should be used in conjunction with other non-invasive diagnostic and clinical parameters to improve diagnosis and to avoid unnecessary biopsy in every symptomatic individual
Liraglutide - A Promising Approach Against Obesity
Authors: Rafi Nabila , Jaffri Muhammad Sajid Abbas , Yousuf Kamran
Published: January 2025

Obesity has emerged as a global chronic condition that poses a significant public health issue. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has reported a significant increase in obesity rates, which have nearly quadrupled since 1975.1 Thus, it is crucial to consider the significant health risks associated with this issue, including the potential for developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, endocrinal malignancies, and musculoskeletal difficulties. Furthermore, obesity incurs substantial expenses for healthcare systems and populations at large.
Non-destructive testing for uniform cellulosic filter materials using light transmission
Authors:   , Notoprajitno Cornelia Pradita
Published: January 2025

This study explores testing of cellulosic filter materials by using light transmission to quantify the performance and uniformity of filtration properties, particularly grey level. Filtration properties of the sample materials were inferred from related physical properties, particularly basis weight (gram per square meter), that were distinguishable using optical methods.
Compatibility of supercritical co2 with structural alloys for concentrated solar power applications
Authors:   , Delkasar Maher Salar
Published: January 2025

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is a renewable technology that can significantly solve present energy deficiency issues. In CSP, to achieve higher system efficiencies, advanced thermodynamic cycles, peak temperatures above 600 °C and higher-pressure ranges of 20-30 MPa are prerequisites. Under such conditions and the existence of degradation mechanisms, only a few material choices are available for long-term commercial use. This research will shed the light on material selection and their compatibility with supercritical CO2 in the power block section for the next generation of CSP.
Combining HIIT with Small-Sided Soccer Games Enhances Cardiometabolic and Physical Fitness More Than Each Alone in Overweight Youth: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zheng Bo , Xu Qi , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to compare the effects of a combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and small-sided games (SSG) training program (SSG + HIIT) with training programs consisting solely of either HIIT or SSG on the cardiometabolic and physical fitness of sedentary, overweight youth. A randomized, parallel-controlled study design was employed, with interventions lasting six weeks (twice a week, with each work time lasting 12-16 minutes). Fifty-seven sedentary, overweight male youth participants (15.1 ± 0.8 years) were assessed twice on anthropometric measures, blood pressure, endurance (using the Multi-Stage Fitness Test, MSFT), muscle power (countermovement jump and broad jump), and change of direction ability (using the 5-0-5 COD test). The session's ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and scores on the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were also monitored. The HIIT group exhibited a significantly smaller waist circumference compared to the control group (p = 0.041) after the intervention. The control group exhibited a significantly worst COD deficit compared to the SSG + HIIT (p = 0.002), SSG (p = 0.001) and HIIT (p = 0.048) after the intervention. In the case of MSFT, the group exhibited a significantly smaller distance covered than SSG + HIIT (p = 0.002), and SSG (p = 0.005). Moreover, significant differences on RPE (p < 0.001) and PACES (p < 0.001) was found between groups. The SSG + HIIT or SSG are effective for improving COD and aerobic capacity, while being more enjoyable and less intense than HIIT alone. However, HIIT is more effective in reducing waist circumference. The research limitations include the short intervention duration, lack of control for diet and external factors, and the need for longer-term research.
Adaptación transcultural del Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) al español de Chile
Authors: Iturra-Osorio Daniela , Camus Torres Alondra , Allende-Valenzuela Tamara , Aparici Aznar Melina
Published: January 2025

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue realizar la adaptación transcultural al español de Chile del Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives – MAIN, una herramienta de evaluación narrativa disponible en diversas lenguas. El proceso consideró seis etapas: traducción directa, síntesis, retrotraducción, revisión y versión preliminar, pilotaje, informe final y presentación al comité de expertos. La adaptación prestó especial atención a aspectos léxicos, gramaticales y culturales para asegurar la comprensión y familiaridad del instrumento en el contexto cotidiano de los niños chilenos, sin comprometer la estructura y el formato original de la prueba. De acuerdo con estudios previos en otras lenguas, los resultados del pilotaje mostraron un incremento en el desempeño de las categorías de producción narrativa con la edad de los niños de 4 a 7 años 11 meses. En cuanto a la comprensión, se observó una mejora con la edad, alcanzado un punto máximo alrededor de los 6 años. Estos hallazgos coinciden con investigaciones anteriores realizadas con el MAIN. La disponibilidad de una herramienta común adaptada a diferentes lenguas facilita la comparación y el intercambio de datos entre profesionales e investigadores de diversos contextos lingüísticos y culturales. Este trabajo también fomenta la adaptación del MAIN a otras lenguas habladas en Iberoamérica, abriendo la posibilidad de evaluar combinaciones lingüísticas que no suelen ser consideradas en la actualidad.
Análisis multidimensional de la voz en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson: Un estudio de casos
Authors: Jara Cabrera Gerson , Peralta Castillo Carolina , Gallegos Lobos Dafna , Sepúlveda Ordiqueo Carlos , Carrasco Currín Paula , Higuera Seguel Cristianne , Gálvez Pino Catalina
Published: January 2025

La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es una patología neurodegenerativa que afecta el sistema nervioso central, caracterizada por manifestaciones clínicas motoras y no motoras. Dentro de las dificultades motoras se encuentra la disartria hipocinética la cual afecta la voz de quienes padecen la enfermedad. El propósito del presente trabajo es describir desde una mirada multidimensional de la voz aspectos tales como: medidas acústicas, aerodinámicas y laringoscópicas, en un grupo de sujetos con EP. Para tal propósito, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el que se evaluaron 10 sujetos con EP en diferentes estadios de evolución de la enfermedad. Se evaluaron parámetros acústicos mediante programa Praat, tiempo máximo de fonación y configuración glótica a través de una nasofibrolaringoscopía.
En la evaluación acústica se halló una variación de la frecuencia fundamental encontrándose levemente aumentada en hombres y disminuida en mujeres. El Jitter se encontraba normal. Cuatro sujetos arrojaron un valor de shimmer aumentado y dos presentaron un aumento del nivel de ruido. La relación alpha ratio se encontraba con valores negativos en todos los participantes.  En el tiempo máximo de fonación, 60% de la muestra presentó valores descendidos. A nivel visual en el cierre glótico se evidenciaron 6 sujetos con un cierre deficiente y en actividad supraglótica 5 participantes presentaron contracción de bandas.
Los sujetos con Parkinson participantes presentan alteraciones en los parámetros acústicos de la voz, tiempo máximo de fonación y configuración glótica. Estas dificultades se hacen más notorias a medida que avanza la enfermedad y las dificultades motoras son más evidentes.
Primary malignant giant cell tumor (PMGCT): Diagnosis and management challenges in low resource settings
Authors: Prasad Roshan , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya , Mittal Gaurav , Wanjari Mayur
Published: January 2025

Bone primary malignant giant cell tumor (PMGCT) cases are extremely rare, and the optimal management remains unclear. This case report details the diagnosis and successful management of PMGCT in a 45-year-old female presenting with left knee pain, swelling, and restricted movement for one year. Accompanying weight loss and loss of appetite led the patient to seek tertiary care after unsuccessful prior treatment. Imaging, including X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), revealed a tumor measuring 7.9 × 7.7 × 6.6 cm, and histopathological examination using fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis of PMGCT. A multidisciplinary approach was taken, involving orthopedic surgery to remove the tumor successfully, and physiotherapy for post-operative care. The patient underwent tumor excision and curettage under spinal and epidural anesthesia, followed by a week of bed rest, and then physiotherapy was started to aid in limb mobilization. Post-operative care involved blood transfusions, femoral artery stenting, continued physiotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy, initiated two weeks post-surgery, with a total dose of 50 Gy delivered in 25 sessions to reduce the risk of recurrence. Initial monthly follow-ups, later transitioning to quarterly, showed improved joint mobility and function, with no recurrence at the 9-month follow-up. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach in managing PMGCT. Collaboration across specialties contributed to the positive outcome, even in a resource-limited setting. Long-term monitoring remains essential to detect recurrence, and further research is needed to refine treatment strategies for malignant GCTs.