bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integración de la Metodología D.O.I. (Diagnóstico Organizacional Integral), como Modelo para el Diagnóstico Organizacional en las PyMes
Authors: Martínez Varela José Alfredo , Sánchez Ginez Rocío , Acata Sánchez Zenón Elías
Published: January 2025

Este artículo explora estos desafíos y presenta el Diagnóstico Organizacional Integral (DOI) como una metodología innovadora y adaptativa diseñada para ayudar a las PyMEs a identificar y superar sus problemas organizacionales. El DOI es un enfoque holístico y sistémico que permite a las empresas obtener una comprensión profunda de sus operaciones internas, identificar áreas problemáticas y desarrollar estrategias efectivas para mejorar su desempeño. Mediante la implementación del DOI, las PyMEs pueden abordar de manera efectiva sus limitaciones de recursos, mejorar su capacidad de cumplimiento regulatorio, incrementar su competitividad, adoptar tecnologías de manera más eficiente y gestionar mejor su crecimiento. El artículo comienza con una revisión exhaustiva de los desafíos comunes que enfrentan las PyMEs, proporcionando un contexto claro sobre la importancia de abordar estos problemas. Luego, se introduce el concepto de DOI, detallando sus componentes clave y cómo se puede aplicar en el contexto de las PyMEs. A través de estudios de caso y ejemplos prácticos, se demuestra cómo el DOI puede transformar las operaciones de una PyME, mejorando su eficiencia y competitividad en el mercado. Finalmente, se discuten los beneficios a largo plazo de la implementación del DOI, incluyendo la mejora en la toma de decisiones, la optimización de procesos y el fortalecimiento de la resiliencia organizacional. Este artículo destaca la importancia de adoptar enfoques integrales y sistémicos para la gestión organizacional en las PyMEs, promoviendo una visión más estratégica y sostenible del crecimiento empresarial.
EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN TEMPAT TIDUR SEBAGAI EVALUASI MUTU DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Hendra Dwi Kurniawan  , Yovita Prabawati Tirta Dharma  , Budi Santoso
Published: January 2025

Kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh rumah sakit merupakan suatu hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan. Salah satu indikator dalam menilai kualitas pelayanan yang ada yaitu dengan melihat efisiensi penggunaan tempat tidur yang telah disediakan oleh rumah sakit. Dalam melihat efisiensi penggunaan tempat tidur dapat menggunakan indikator Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR), Length Of Stay (LOS), dan Turn Over Interval (TOI). Manajemen penggunaan tempat tidur merupakan suatu hal yang krusial, karena dapat mempengaruhi beberapa aspek yang ada di rumah sakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat gambarang efisiensi penggunaan tempat tidur yang ada di rumah sakit X. Desain studi pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu data rekam medis pasien yang ada di rumah sakit dari tahun 2019 hingga 2023. Hasil pada penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa efisiensi penggunaan tempat tidur dilihat dari indikator nilai BOR pada tahun 2019 hingga 2023 mengalami fluktuasi dikarenakan adanya pandemi covid-19, indikator nilai LOS dari tahun 2019 hingga 2023 cenderung rendah dikarenakan rumah sakit telah menerapkan metode ERACS pada pasien operasi dan indikator nilai TOI dari tahun 2019 hingga tahun 2023 dalam kategori ideal. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan tempat tidur yang ada dirumah sakit dari tahun 2019 hingga 2023 belum sepenuhnya optimal dikarenakan adanya pandemi covid-19 akan tetapi kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh rumah sakit masih tetap baik dan optimal.
Kata kunci: BOR, kualitas pelayanan, LOS, penggunaan tempat tidur, TOI
The quality of service provided by the hospital is an important thing to consider. One indicator in assessing the quality of existing services is by looking at the efficiency of bed use provided by the hospital. In seeing the efficiency of bed use, the Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR), Length Of Stay (LOS), and Turn Over Interval (TOI) indicators can be used. Bed use management is crucial because it can affect several aspects in the hospital. The purpose of this study was to see a picture of the efficiency of bed use in hospital X. The study design in this study was descriptive using secondary data, namely patient medical record data in the hospital from 2019 to 2023. The results of this study illustrate that the efficiency of bed use as seen from the BOR value indicator in 2019 to 2023 fluctuated due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the LOS value indicator from 2019 to 2023 tended to be low because the hospital had implemented the ERACS method in surgical patients and the TOI value indicator from 2019 to 2023 in the ideal category. The conclusion of this study is that the use of existing beds in hospitals from 2019 to 2023 has not been fully optimal due to the Covid-19 pandemic, but the quality of services provided by hospitals is still well maintained and optimal.
Keyword: BOR, service quality, LOS, bed utilization, TOI
IMPROVED IMPLEMENTATION of THE COMMUNITY-BASED WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAM (PAMSIMAS) in TANGGA JAYA VILLAGE, DULUPI SUB-DISTRICT, BOALEMO DISTRICT
Authors: Kiayi Merlis , Tui Fenti Prihatini , Tantu Romy
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine (1) The Implementation Process of the Community-Based Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) in Tangga Jaya Village, Dulupi District, Boalemo Regency, (2) Factors that Determine the Success of the Implementation of the Community-Based Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) in Tangga Jaya Village, Dulupi District, Boalemo Regency, with indicators of Communication, Resources, Disposition, and Bureaucratic Structure. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a qualitative description type of research. Based on the results of research analyzed in the field, it shows that the Implementation Process of the Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) in Tangga Jaya Village, Dulupi Sub-district, Boalemo Regency, at the stages of Disbursement of Direct Community Assistance Funds, Implementation of Community Work Plan Activities and Completion of Activity Implementation, has generally been carried out well. The disbursement of direct assistance funds went well because 100% of the funds came from the PERKIM Office. The Implementation of Community Work Plan Activities and the Completion of Activity Implementation stages are optimal because they are in accordance with existing Pamsimas procedures and guidelines. Factors that determine the success of the Implementation of the Community-Based Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) in Tangga Jaya Village, Dulupi Sub-district, Boalemo Regency, which include Communication, Resources, Disposition and Bureaucratic Structure, have been implemented well.
EFFECTIVENESS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH THE METHOD OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PLACE REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE
Authors: Soga Sukmawan , Abdussamad Juriko , Tui Fenti Prihatini D.
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine how effective waste management is based on the 3R Waste Management Site in Bone Bolango Regency. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach method, while the data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the effectiveness of waste management based on the 3R Waste Management Site in Bone Bolango Regency includes, program success, target success, satisfaction with the program, suitability of inputs and outputs, overall goal achievement has gone quite well, but has not been effective. This was influenced by several obstacles such as problems procuring funds for operational costs, limited knowledge of human resources, and lack of attention and supervision from the government on 3R Waste Management Sites, causing several 3R Waste Management Sites to stop operating. Factors that determine the success of waste management based on the 3R Waste Management Site in Bone Bolango Regency include organizational characteristics, environmental characteristics, worker characteristics, and management practices. Overall, these factors have been carried out well, it can be seen from the existence of administrators or managers who run the 3R Waste Management Site, adequate internal and external environments, managers who are skilled and responsible in carrying out their duties, and the active role of the chairman in mobilizing their members.
How Technology Can Make Writing Fun and Effective for Pupils
Authors: Zulmaidi Fatimah Az-Zahrah , Ismail Nor Irnahanis Sofia , Nasir Nur Syazwani , Md Yunus Melor
Published: January 2025

The rise of digital tools in education has transformed traditional learning, offering dynamic ways to engage students, particularly in areas often perceived as challenging, like writing. This project explores the innovative role that Canva’s AI-powered tools play in making writing both enjoyable and effective for primary school students. It examines the intersection of creativity and technology, focusing on how Canva’s intuitive design and AI functionalities can enhance student engagement, improve writing skills, and foster a positive attitude toward creative expression. Through the use of visual templates, personalized prompts, and interactive design features, Canva AI enables pupils to visualize their narratives, encouraging a multimodal approach to writing. This not only aids in organizing thoughts but also supports the development of digital literacy, an essential skill in today’s tech-driven world. By integrating Canva AI into the curriculum, educators can offer a playful yet purposeful writing environment that appeals to various learning styles and meets diverse educational needs. Findings suggest that the gamified experience and visual reinforcement provided by Canva AI positively impact students’ willingness to write and revise, leading to improved outcomes. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the potential of AI-driven platforms like Canva to transform writing from a rote task into a creative and empowering experience for pupils, making it a valuable asset in modern classrooms.
Genetic diversity and character association studies for agro-morphological and quality traits of advanced breeding lines in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Jagadeesh Kommineni , C. S. Mahto , Kumar Niraj , H. C. Lal
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present study analysed the trait associations and the genetic diversity for morphological and qualitative traits among the 23 field pea genotypes using multivariate analysis. The correlation analysis revealed that traits like primary branches per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, harvest index and biological seed yield per plant showed a note-worthy positive association at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path analysis revealed the correlation of pod length, harvest index and biological yield per plant was due to direct positive effects. The principal component analysis indicated that the fiseven PCs together accounted for 86.56% of the total diversity. The cluster analysis classified genotypes into five different clusters with cluster 1 comprising 18 genotypes, cluster 2 with 2 genotypes, and the remaining three mono-genotypic clusters. The selection of diverse genotypes superior in traits with positive influence on yield can result in greater genetic gains and aid in crop improvement.

Keywords: Genetic diversity, correlation, path analysis, PCA
Study on genetics of yield component traits under salt stress in two rice crosses raised using honeycomb selection design
Authors: C. Yoglakshmi , Pearl Rajan Isha , V Vengadessan , J Karthick , S Thirumeni
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Yield components related to grain yield were severely affected by salinity. For the agronomically important traits, precise phenotyping of crop plants is essential under stress where soil heterogeneity is aggravated for genetic analysis and developing improved crop varieties. A set of two F2 populations obtained from ADT(R)45 × FL478 (A × F) and ADT(R)45 × Nona Bokra (A × N) crosses along with check variety CSR10 were raised in Honeycomb Selection Design (HSD) to study the genetics of yield component traits under salt stress. The study found that the trait, panicle weight in A × F exhibited normal distribution while the other traits exhibited non-normal distribution in both the crosses. Negative skewness was observed for panicle length in both the crosses and days to flowering in the A × N indicating duplicate (additive × additive) gene interactions. Whereas positive skewness was observed for plant height, number of tillers, productive tillers and single plant yield in both the crosses, days to flowering and spikelet sterility in A × F and panicle weight in A × N indicating complementary gene interactions. Leptokurtosis was observed for days to flowering in the A × F. While the remaining characters in both the crosses exhibited platykurtosis. Transgressive segregants in both directions (towards both the parents) were obtained for all the eight characters studied in both the crosses suggesting that all traits were governed by additive gene action. Honeycomb selection design (HSD) provides an excellent phenotyping framework for studying the genetics of any quantitative traits, particularly yield and its component traits, as well as for breeding varieties that will provide more consistent results in yield in a shorter time frame.

Keywords: Skewness, kurtosis, transgressive segregation, gene action
Genetic diversity studies for yield and physiological traits using principal component analysis in little millet
Authors: T Venkata Ratnam , L Madhavi Latha
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to assess the genetic variability among 50 little millet genotypes based on yield and physiological traits. Results revealed six principal components with an Eigen value more than one, which accounted for 74.25% of the total variability. PC 1 contributed the most towards the total variability at 27.98%, while PC 2, PC 3, PC 4, PC 5, and PC 6 contributed 12.90%, 11.19%, 8.93%, 7.08%, and 6.14% respectively. Days to 50 per cent flowering, grain yield plot-1, harvest index, leaf area index at both panicle and 15 days after panicle initiation, specific leaf weight at 15 days after panicle initiation, and main panicle weight were the foremost contributors to genetic diversity among the studied genotypes. The biplot diagram revealed that WV-167, BL-6, TNPsu-174 and GPUL-2 were the most diverse genotypes, with high yield potential compared to other entries. GPUL-1 and DLM-186 are likely to be drought resistance due to lower relative membrane injury (%). Hybridization among these genotypes could result in transgressive segregants with desirable traits for yield and physiological characteristics.

Keywords: Little millet, Principal Component Analysis, Physiological traits, Yield traits
Analysis of genetic diversity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm lines based on agro-morphological traits and SSR markers
Authors: Md Ashfaq , K Jhansi Rani , D Padmaja , Yadav Praduman , Betha Usha Kiran
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An investigation was carried out with a set of fifty sesame genotypes to study the degree of genetic diversity based on morphological and marker based genotypic data. The genomic isolation was carried out using CTAB method and the molecular diversity was estimated with the help of fifty SSR markers using per cent polymorphism, PIC content and represented in dendogram. Morphological diversity was estimated by using D2 analysis. Quantitative traits, namely plant height (67.8-147.2 cm), number of capsules per plant (36-89), number of seeds per capsule (46-70), seed yield per plant (3.20-10.89 g), oil content (40.64-50.51 %), protein content (20.5-32.42 %), oleic acid content (31.25-42.85 %) and linoleic acid content (40.39-54.11 %) showed a significant amount of variation. Fifty genotypes were grouped into fourteen clusters based on data of 15 agro-morphological traits by following Tocher′s method. SSR markers showed 36% polymorphism with an average of 2.39 alleles per locus and 0.34 PIC value indicated a trend of moderate level of genetic diversity at molecular level in the collection of genotypes. In order to assess genetic diversity and to select various lines for breeding programs, the results highlighted the importance of utilizing both agro-morphological and molecular data.

Keywords: Sesame, genetic diversity, molecular markers, D2 analysis
Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: V Shasi Kiran Reddy , Swain Digbijaya , Sahoo Saswaty Priyadarshini , Agarwal Arjun Kumar , Lenka Devraj , Mohanty Mihir Ranjan , Kabi Mandakini
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present investigation was conducted on maize hybrids to determine the extent of heterosis and combining ability for 12 quantitative traits including yield and its contributing traits during Kharif, 2021. A set of 28 F1s developed by 8 x 8 half diallel mating design and the resultant hybrids along with parents and standard checks were evaluated in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replications. For standard heterosis over hybrid Bio 9544 ranged from 11.10 to 44.86 % and four F1 cross combinations (SNL 142828-4 x CML 451, CAL 1473-4 x CML 451, CAL 1424-1 x CML 470-1 and SNL 142828-4 x CML 470-1) exhibited standard heterosis of 10 % or more for grain yield/ ha. On the basis of general combining ability (gca) estimates, V351 was the best general combiner followed by CML 451 for grain yield/ ha. Considering the per se performance, standard heterosis and specific combining ability (sca) effects, the four hybrids i.e., SNL 142828-4 x CML 451, CAL 1473-4 x CML 451, CAL 1424-1 x CML 470-1 and SNL 142828-1 x CML 470 1 were identified as promising for exploiting heterosis for grain yield.

Keywords: Maize, gca, sca, heterosis, diallel
Contract Cheating ‘Pseudepigraphy’. A Cardinal Sin in Higher Education? A Phenomenological Narrative of Andragogical Experiences, Insights and Reflections
Authors: Glover Reuben Agbelengor , Kpodo Cyril Senyo , Sosu Selasi Awusi
Published: January 2025

This interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) study is a reflection on valuable insights gained by the authors in supervising graduate students’ theses, dissertations, and project works/reports, active participation in seminars on ethics in higher education and first-hand andragogical teaching experiences in the Ghanaian setting. The study explored contract cheating among graduate students and strategic interventions used by faculty to address it. Using an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) in a qualitative narrative paradigm, the study discussed the critical causal factors, strategic interventions, andragogy, heutagogy, support mechanisms and software employed to mitigate graduate students’ indulgence in contract cheating in their final year thesis, dissertations, and project works/reports. Findings revealed that contract cheating among graduate students is influenced by personal, contextual, cultural, situational, institutional, and technological factors, as well as a misconception of widespread participation in higher education. The study recommends a paradigmatic shift away from the punitive and toward the developmental approach when responding to contract cheating. The study contributes new insights to enrich the ongoing scholarly conversation on contract cheating and interventions in Ghanaian universities.

Keywords: Contract Cheating, Pseudepigraphy, Essay Mills, Academic Integrity, Andragogy
Comptabilisation des quotas carbone : une lecture conventionnaliste
Authors: Caron Marie-Andrée , Clermont Etienne , Tessier Sophie , Fortin Anne
Published: January 2025

Le normalisateur comptable international (l’IASB) œuvre depuis 2003 à élaborer une norme de comptabilisation des quotas d’émission carbone. Or, aucune norme n’existe à ce jour. En l’absence de norme, les émetteurs ont fait des choix qui rejoignent les deux principales bases d’évaluation comptable, c’est-à-dire le coût historique et la juste valeur. Cet article s’intéresse aux conditions sous-jacentes aux choix de base d’évaluation pour la comptabilisation des quotas carbone à la lumière de la théorie des conventions, dans une situation exceptionnelle où il y a absence de normalisation à l’égard d’un objet comptable de première importance pour la lutte contre les changements climatiques. La méthodologie repose sur une analyse de contenu. L’échantillon est constitué des états financiers de 53 émetteurs assujettis, produits au cours de la période 2005 à 2018, et de documents issus des normalisateurs et de grands cabinets d’audit. Les résultats montrent l’émergence de conventions différentes, selon l’usage qui est fait des quotas « carbone ». Trois conditions sont mises en évidence, à partir desquelles se développe une convention, soit : (1) la présence d’un ancrage, (2) la cohérence avec le système comptable en place, et (3) la légitimité de la convention accordée par des acteurs influents, constituant une contribution théorique importante à la théorie des conventions. Une autre contribution théorique importante tient à une meilleure compréhension de l’utilisation de la juste valeur, comparativement au coût historique, à partir de l’étude d’un contexte spécifique. À cela s’ajoute une contribution pratique pouvant aider le normalisateur, soit la mise au jour de l’importance de l’usage des quotas carbone dans le choix d’une base d’évaluation.
Addressing Dementia Care Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives From Home Care Workers
Authors: Bell Sue Anne , Kruger Katherine , Ikari Ryoko , Kuhnmuench Christina , Gates Karen , Rosemberg Marie-Anne
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To uncover the barriers, facilitators, and adaptations that affected home care workers' care practices for their clients with dementia during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with home care workers employed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Michigan. Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit participants who were interviewed using a guide informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. To identify themes across interviews, the research team combined content analysis with coding software for qualitative data.

Results

Participants (
N
= 34) were predominantly female and ranged in age from 19 to 79 years. From the analyzed transcripts, five themes emerged: (1)
Challenges in Complying With Pandemic Precautions
; (2)
Personal Protective Equipment–Related Disruption in Communication
; (3)
Client Fear and Agitation Exacerbated by Isolation
; (4)
Difficulties Necessitating Increased Patience
; and (5)
Continuation of Pre-Pandemic Holistic Care Practices Facilitating Well-Being
.

Conclusion

Home care workers adapted to meet their clients' health and well-being needs in the face of the demands of the pandemic. This study's findings are critical to informing the development of strategies to support home care workers and people living with dementia during future pandemics. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 51
(3), 29–36.]
The role of polymer nanocomposites in sustainable wax deposition control in crude oil systems - systematic review
Authors: Aji Abubakar , Mohyaldinn Mysara Eissa , Mahmud Hisham Ben
Published: January 2025

The extraction and utilization of crude oil are fundamental to global energy production, driving economies and fueling countless industries. However, wax deposition in pipelines and equipment creates several challenges, causing issues during the production, transportation, and refining of waxy crude oil. On the other hand, conventional chemicals such as alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used in the treatment have negative environmental and human health effects. Nanocomposites of polymers have emerged as promising solutions to mitigate wax damage. They represent a revolutionary class of nanocomposite hybridized polymer matrices. Moreover, to our knowledge, there has been a lack of comprehensive reviews of researchers who have combined and evaluated the effectiveness of these methods over the last decade. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state of knowledge and recognize emerging research trends, in this systematic review, we critically evaluated the published research on the role of polymer nanocomposites in the environmentally friendly management of wax deposition in crude oil systems. This review covers numerous topics, including (1) spatiotemporal distribution of research on polymer nanocomposites, (2) synthesis routes of millennium polymer nanocomposites, (3) reaction mechanisms for wax improvement, (4) common emerging trends in applications, (5) diverse polymer candidates for nanomaterials, (6) trending nanoparticle candidates for polymerization, and (7) future perspectives. However, further progress in understanding the effects of polymer nanocomposites on waxy crude oil is hindered by the lack of comparative studies on their reaction mechanisms and human health toxicity. However, despite these limitations, polymer nanocomposites continue to show great promise in addressing challenges related to waxy crude oil.
Heat transfer augmentation of Jeffery–Hamel hybrid nanofluid in a stretching convergent/divergent channel through porous medium
Authors: Ullah Subhan , Ali Ghazwani Hassan , Khan Dolat , Khan Zareen A.
Published: January 2025

The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the enhancement of heat transfer in a Jeffery–Hamel hybrid nanofluid through a porous medium, within stretching/shrinking and convergent/divergent channels. The Darcy–Forchheimer (DF) law was employed to model the flow and thermal behavior of the nanofluid. The governing system of equations was derived using appropriate transformations. Numerical computations were performed using the NDSolve method in Mathematica-11. Results are presented through numerical data and graphical representations, illustrating the effects of various physical parameters on the flow profiles. Key findings indicate that increasing the inertia coefficient and nanoparticle volume fraction accelerates the velocity of the nanofluid in both divergent and convergent channels. Furthermore, higher porosity and inertia coefficients lead to increased drag forces exerted by the channel. Jeffery–Hamel hybrid nanofluids are significantly enhanced by increasing nanoparticle volume fraction, inertia coefficient, porosity, and the presence of radiation and heat source parameters, with a notably higher rate observed in the case of an expanding channel compared to a contracting one.
Estudio de un conjunto de anillos votivos del santuario periurbano de Tútugi (Cerro del Castillo, Galera, Granada)
Authors: Rodríguez-Ariza María Oliva , Montero Ruiz Ignacio , Rueda Galán Carmen , Muriel López Paloma , Montes Moya Eva
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo presenta el estudio morfotipológico y elemental de 46 anillos y 8 objetos de distinta tipología y metal (bronce, plomo, hierro y oro) recuperados en la intervención arqueológica realizada en el santuario periurbano de Tútugi, así como un conjunto de 22 anillos del Museo de Galera, con procedencia del Cerro del Real, que es el yacimiento sobre el que se desarrolla la Tútugi ibero-romana, como análisis básico para poder contrastar los resultados. La mayoría de anillos presentan una tipología similar, con algunas variantes formales, aunque con una heterogeneidad en su manufactura y procedencia. Se utilizaron bronces binarios o bronces plomados de manera indistinta, con un conjunto minoritario de cobres sin alear. Se constata cómo la ofrenda y depósito de los anillos es común al espacio ritual ibero de los siglos IV-III a. C., incorporándose como práctica que viene a completar una amplia cadena de acciones rituales, destacando en este lugar el depósito de miles de ollas y platos/cuencos. Asimismo, incorporamos algunas propuestas interpretativas que ponen de relieve cómo este tipo de ofrendas contribuye a la generación de memorias colectivas que incorporan nuevas fórmulas de cohesión social que tienen en los santuarios espacios de referencia fundamental.
Introduction. Palmyre-Tadmor : le patrimoine culturel en guerre
Authors: Crogiez-Pétrequin Sylvie
Published: January 2025

On pensera le patrimoine de l’humanité défini par la classification de l’Unesco comme un bien commun à toute l’humanité menacé par des conflits armés, même si les dangers encourus par le patrimoine archéologique et architectural demeurent multiples. Après son instrumentalisation par le régime baasiste syrien, la destruction par Daech du patrimoine archéologique de Palmyre, perçu comme un symbole à la fois de la civilisation occidentale et national de l’État syrien, est ainsi destinée à choquer les Occidentaux, au même titre que l’utilisation de Palmyre était envisagée par l’État syrien dans la construction du roman national syrien.
FinTech Adoption for SMEs
Authors: Gillani Syed Ahmad , Alvi Areeba Rahat , Ahmad Humara , Gillani Syed Afraz , Tanveer Yasir
Published: January 2025

The available Financial Technology or more commonly known as FinTech has simplified ways that the small businesses can access financial services for their growth solutions. Out of these, the leading forms of finance technology such as third-party payment systems, peer-to-peer online lending, crowdfunding have promoted cross border electronic trade, credit processes and sources availing financial backing to ideas. These technologies enhance the efficiency, speed and convenience hence attracting small businesses which have issues such as high cost of collateral and high training costs. In this way, the FinTech platforms use big data and algorithms to fill the existing funding gap that the conventional sources failed to provide. FinTech differs to some extent around the world, mobile money is most used in developing countries while P2P lending is widely used in the developed countries.
Exploring AI's Impact on Fintech and Financial Inclusion
Authors: Shriya K. , Velmurugan T.
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates how fintech and AI are interacting, especially in terms of improving financial inclusion. Examining elements such as effort expectancy, performance expectancy, social influence, digital literacy, digital transformation sentiment analysis, behavioral intention, and perceived risk, it explores the intricate relationship between AI, Fintech, and inclusivity. We examine the impact of these factors on adoption intentions and perceived risk using a combination of approaches, including surveys and interviews. The study employs statistical techniques such as sentiment analysis algorithms and regression analysis on a broad sample size of 212 people. The results highlight the importance of elements like social influence and effort expectation, underscoring the need for customized interventions to successfully promote adoption.
Predicting Customer Transactions Using Machine Learning
Authors: Patel Ansh , Prajapati Kalp , Lakshmi D.
Published: January 2025

In the contemporary financial landscape, predicting customer transactions plays a crucial role in enhancing customer service, personalizing marketing strategies, and improving operational efficiency. This research paper delves into the prediction of customer transactions using machine learning. Various machine learning techniques have been employed in previous research to predict customer transactions. Utilizing the anonymized Customer Transaction Prediction dataset, this study undertakes a comprehensive data analysis, rigorous feature engineering, and model training. The primary aim is to predict the likelihood of a customer making a specific transaction in the future. The methodology encompasses various data visualization techniques, statistical analyses, and model evaluation metrics to ensure robust and accurate predictions. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the LightGBM model in handling large-scale datasets with numerous features, achieving a competitive AUC score.
Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Perceived Organizational Performance of State Commercial Banks Within Northwestern Province in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jeewanthi Rupika , Rajakaruna Niluka , Dissanayake Hiranya
Published: January 2025

The stability of the Sri Lankan financial system heavily relies on the sound health regarding the performance and the capital adequacy of the six largest Licensed Commercial Banks (LCBs). Those banks are described as Systemically Important Banks (SIBs). This group consists of the two main reputed public sector commercial banks which have been targeted in this study. However, the ineffective implementation of the Human Resource Management function of public sector Commercial banks has been a continuing issue within the Sri Lankan context. The current study examines how the perceived organizational performance of public sector commercial banks is linked with human resource management practices namely, Recruitment and Selection, Training and development, Performance Appraisal, Rewards management, Employee retention, and Employee relations which provides a solution for the problem of relatively low performance of state commercial banks in Sri Lanka compared to employee base. The study was quantitative and the survey method was applied for data collection. A structured questionnaire was distributed using simple random sampling and 158 clear and completed responses were returned representing a population of 750 managerial employees within two public sector commercial banks of Northwestern Province of Sri Lanka. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The methods used in the analysis of this study involved simple descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The findings concluded a significant positive relationship of perceived organizational performance with recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, rewards management, employee retention and employee relations.
Editorial
Authors: Fernando Heather
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
Thermal Interface Materials in the HPC Era
Authors: Mackie Andy C. , Jensen Tim , Saums David
Published: January 2025

The high performance computing (HPC) module market is seeing some enormous simultaneous changes. The compute needs of XPU and tensor processors are causing die area to grow, with higher areal power density, and HBM DRAM stacks are now located immediately adjacent to the processor. The paper will discuss how metallic thermal interface materials are providing the low thermal resistance, high reliability and flexibility for advanced compute modules and systems, in both TIM1 (die-lid), TIM 2 (lid-heatsink) and TIM 0 (1.5) (die to heatsink) applications.

Reflowed indium as a TIM1 has a nearly two decade performance record in high volume production, where a combination of CTE matching and very high relative bulk thermal conductivity is highly advantageous. This presentation will discuss the latest developments on indium and other metal alloys as known good solderable solutions that have demonstrated very high bulk thermal conductivity, relative to more common polymer TIMs for TIM1 applications, as well illustrating engineered variations of indium alloys that do not require a solder reflow process, eliminating manufacturing process steps. Discussion also includes metallic TIMs designed for use in TIM0 (TIM1.5) applications with the compression inherent in heat sink attachment with mechanical retention.

Novel liquid-metal-based solutions are also under development, and the paper will describe some ways in which gallium alloys are providing ways to resolve some of the conflicting requirements (such as pressure and thinned die and reliability) of emerging applications.
Using Deca’s Adaptive PatterningTM to Win the Chiplet Integration Race with Siemens EDA and ASE
Authors: Gabriel Robin , Kellar Jan , Felton Keith , Gabbitas Ian , Hunt John , Cao Lihong
Published: January 2025

As the need for chiplet integration becomes more prevalent in industry, the current standard of silicon interposers is not sustainable for broad adoption. Among the top technologies competing in this race are embedded bridge chip structures, chips-last fan-out, and chips first-fan out. Deca’s M-SeriesTM, a fully organic chips-first planar structure, promises a new way to achieve equivalent density to benchmark high density interconnects without the need for the complex structures and processes. Deca Technologies, Siemens EDA, and ASE formed a collaboration to design, verify, build, and perform physical analysis on an M-Series chiplet test vehicle. For this proof of concept, a 10-die chiplet package was designed using Siemens EDA’s Xpedition high density advanced packaging (HDAP) technologies. Siemens EDA’s Calibre was then used to perform verification and signoff. With design, verification and signoff complete, follow up plans are to build a test vehicle with ASE for physical characterization.

Deca’s technology has surpassed other fan-out technologies in the chiplet integration race with Adaptive Patterning achieving significantly higher density for both vias and traces while enabling designs with the tightest device bond pad pitch. The planar surface of M-Series enables trace width and spacing of 2 microns and Adaptive Patterning makes possible a smaller copper stud size (competitors add an additional copper layer to increase the size) yielding a 20 micron copper stud pitch. In addition to an 80% reduction in the area required for a set number of copper studs, this technology also provides the highest integrity electrical connections with superior via contact areas. When compared to competing technologies, a 500% increase in via contact area can be achieved for the same bond pad pitch. This test vehicle design proves that Adaptive Patterning provides a compelling solution which surpasses competitors in the chiplet integration race.
Universal IoT Sensor Platform based on a FOWLP RDLfirst Approach
Authors: Braun Tanja , Böttcher Mathias , Schiffer Michael , Pötter Harald , Brockmann Carsten , Becker Karl-Friedrich , Freimund Damian , Schneider-Ramelow Martin
Published: January 2025

This publication presents the concept and the corresponding packaging solution of a universal IoT sensor platform with a System-on-Chip (SoC) family as central control and computing unit. The platform consists of 4 levels, ranging from the highly integrated SoC, to the mounting option of both housed and unhoused sensors, to the system board, which provides the most common wired and wireless interfaces. The layout for sensor mounting can be adapted to in-dividual customer requirements to meet special requirements for the measurement task. The core technology of the package consists of a mold package in fan-out technology with rewiring of the SoC on the underside to the balling pads and bushings for rewiring on the top for mounting the sensors.

The selected platform packaging technology, FOWLP RDLfirst approach, is developed on 300 mm wafer size. A thin-fim redistribution layer (RDL) is built up on a glass carrier as a first process step. The top layer is providing pads for flip assembly of the SoC. Large plated Cu pillars on the RDL will act as through package vias (TPV) for top and bot-tom layer connection. After SoC assembly the RDLfirst wafer is encapsulated by compression molding. Capillary un-derfill (CUF) in combination with an extra overmolding step as well as a molded underfill has been investigated (MUF). Backgrinding of the upper mold layer gives access to the TPVs. A thinfilm based RDLlast on the mold is then providing the routing and connection layer for various sensors. By using maskless laser direct imaging (LDI) the rout-ing can be quickly adapted to different sensors and sensor combinations. After debonding of the carrier from the molded wafer with embedded SoC by laser the seed layer of the BGA pads is etched and solder balls are attached. Sensors are soldered on the singulated packages by standard SMT assembly.

In summary the paper will present the platform concept as well as the technology developments with challenges as the warpage evolution during processing. Finally the functional proof of the platform will be also demonstrated.
Automotive Packaging - System Integration and Reliability
Authors: Meyer Thorsten
Published: January 2025

Table of Contents:

• Automotive Packaging Platforms • Automotive Quality and Reliability • Advanced Packaging

– Trends

– Example: Tire Pressure Sensor - Fan-out WLB

– Example: Modules & Integration

• Gaps

– Reliability & Quality

– Co-Design

– Material

• Summary
Trends in FOWLP: 600mm Panel Level for 6-Sided Die Protection with M-Series
Authors: Lim Jacinta Aman
Published: January 2025

The fastest adoption of Fan-Out technology is now in 5G, automotive and healthcare. Traditional applications such as audio codecs, PMICs, micro-controller units (MCU) and radio frequency (RF) continue to use Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging as an alternative to Wafer Level Chip Scale packaging (WLCSP) due to its 5 -sided or 6-sided die protection. As Fan Out packaging becomes mainstream and to get broader adoption of Fan-Out, the need for driving down the cost continues to be at the forefront of Fan-Out suppliers. Traditional 300mm carrier wafer for Fan-Out is currently the mainstream format used for PMICs, RF and other single die applications. As volume of these devices continue to ramp up, the 300mm medium used for Fan-Out processing continues to stay the same. The need for migrating to panel sizes larger than 300mm becomes a necessity to lower down costs and handle higher volumes. Not all products would benefit from migrating from circular 300mm carriers to large panel. If the total area of the panel is not fully utilized, it translates into wasted materials and loss. Currently, there is lack of panel-size standard in the industry. There are various panel sizes such as 300mm x 300mm (square), 457mm x 610mm, 510mm x 515mm, 600mmx 600mm, to name a few. The size of the panels chosen is dependent on utilizing existing equipment or processing capability that would utilize minimal capital expenditure. In 2011, Deca Technologies first established the 600mm panel standard. SEMIâ€™s Fan -Out PLP Panel Task force had formulated a ballot process and 2 panel options had been narrowed down to 510mm x 515mm and 600mm x 600mm (Fan-Out). The 600mm x 600mm format would enable the panel to be singulated into 4x 300mm or 9x200mm square segments to enable utilizing existing probe test equipment in the industry. Coupling the 6-sided die protection process (M-Series) with 600mm x 600mm panel level processing paves the way for innovative methods for Fan-Out processing. New photolithography processing utilizing Adaptive Patterning to auto scale for die shift mitigation, is heavily dependent on segmentation of the panel. In this instance, the 600mm panel is either segmented into 4X 300mm, 9 x 200mm or 1x600mm for Photolithography steps. Depending on the number of fiducials used during the photolithography steps, capital expenditure and exposure accuracy would be highly dependent on the segmentation chosen. In addition, new metrology tools, panel warpage management will need to be considered for quality assurance. This paper will present the background of utilizing 600mm x 600mm panel size, the processing method for 6-sided die protection (M-Series) of a single die, large panel processing considerations, panel level inspection considerations post mold cure, reliability considerations and future of 600mm x 600mm panel level processing for 6-sided die protection.
Enhancing the Punch MLF®/QFN Package for Improved Robustness in Automotive Applications
Authors: Mangrum Marc A.
Published: January 2025

The MicroLeadFrame® (MLF®)/Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) packaging solution is extremely popular in the semiconductor industry. It is used in applications ranging from consumer electronics and communications to those requiring high reliability performance, such as the automotive industry. The wide acceptance of this packaging design is primarily due to its flexible form factors, size, scalability and thermal dissipation capabilities.

The adaptation and acceptance of MLF/QFN packages in automotive high reliability applications has led to the development of materials and processes that have extended its capabilities to meet the performance and quality requirements. One such development that is enabling the success of the punch MLF format within the automotive industry is a package enhancement known as Edge Protection Technology (EPT™). A long-standing concern with the punch form factor of MLF packaging solutions has been the tendency of the exposed corners and top edge flange areas to be cracked during handling, electrical test operations, shipping and surface mount technology (SMT) printed circuit board (PCB) assembly. To resolve this issue, EPT was introduced to improve the robustness of the package by extending the molding compound to encapsulate the exposed edge areas of the singulated package top flange and corners.

This presentation will review the need for and detail the benefits of using the Edge Protection Technology to enhance the robustness of the punch format by minimizing the possibility of creating micro gaps or cracks as may occur during manufacturing processes and/or post package singulation handling such as shipping and ATE testing.
Promuovere la ricerca e l’innovazione: l’analisi della prima mappatura dell’organizzazione e delle attività in ambito di ricerca sanitaria e biomedica delle aziende sanitarie piemontesi
Authors: Betti Marta , Penpa Serena , Alberico Grazia Maria , Alesina Marta , Barbieri Antonella , Borsotti Lucia , Canicattì Manuela , Chiesa Giuliana , Colombo Davide , Crivelli Francesca , Fagioli Franca , Fenoglio Luigi , Fruttero Claudia , Gallo Federica , Macchiolo Carlo , Matella Romina , Milanesio Erika , Pacileo Guglielmo , Pace Jessica , Perga Simona , Reimondo Giuseppe Matteo , Roccatello Dario , Sciascia Savino , Scozzari Gitana , Ripa Franco , Maconi Antonio
Published: January 2025

La ricerca sanitaria, intesa come parte integrante delle attività del Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN), è fondamentale per garantire una sanità efficiente e rispondente ai reali bisogni di assistenza e cura del Paese. La Regione Piemonte riconosce la ricerca sanitaria e biomedica come cruciale per il suo sviluppo strategico. La Deliberazione della Giunta Regionale n.40-4801 del 18 marzo 2022, ha delineato il ruolo chiave del Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI) nel sostenere la Regione Piemonte nella governance delle attività di ricerca. In linea con questa DGR, è emersa la necessità di effettuare una mappatura completa delle attività di ricerca svolte all'interno delle Aziende Sanitarie Regionali (ASR).
La survey, riferita al 2021, è stata compilata online attraverso la piattaforma web-based REDCap da tutte le 18 ASR piemontesi. Dalla mappatura risulta l’attivazione di 1193 nuovi studi clinici, la pubblicazione di 2476 articoli scientifici su riviste indicizzate e/o impattate, la finalizzazione di 341 collaborazioni di ricerca e il finanziamento di 99 progetti, inclusi 15 europei. Inoltre, la survey ha evidenziato un panorama eterogeneo delle infrastrutture di ricerca, con una prevalenza di strutture per l'attivazione e gestione delle sperimentazioni cliniche (61%) e per la gestione amministrativa della ricerca (67%). La biobanca rappresenta l'infrastruttura meno presente (17%). Questi risultati suggeriscono la necessità di un approccio più coordinato e integrato per rafforzare la ricerca sanitaria nella Regione.
La mappatura dell’organizzazione e dell'attività scientifica nelle ASR, realizzata per la prima volta dalla Regione Piemonte, attraverso il DAIRI, ha messo in luce l'importanza crescente di centralizzare e coordinare gli sforzi di ricerca e innovazione nel Sistema Sanitario Regionale. Tuttavia, affinché questi sforzi diano frutti tangibili e sostenibili, è essenziale la presenza di un quadro istituzionale solido. L'istituzionalizzazione della ricerca sanitaria a livello regionale attraverso una legge specifica potrebbe fornire la direzione necessaria per garantire che tali sforzi siano sostenuti nel lungo termine.