bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The functional independence measure in Sweden: experience for outcome measurement in rehabilitation medicine
Authors: Grimby G , Gudjonsson G , Rodhe M , Sunnerhagen KS , Sundh V , Ostensson ML.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study was to describe the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) in Sweden and to analyse some aspects on its structure and the possibility to predict length of stay in a rehabilitation ward. It assesses the degree of dependence with 13 physical and 5 social and cognitive items, using a 7-level ordinal scale. Data are presented from a total of 312 patients and from 267 first admission patients with a mean age of 45 (SD 13) years, 66% being men, in rehabilitation medicine wards in three hospitals in Sweden. The patients were divided into six diagnostic groups. Ratings were made at admission and at discharge. The level of dependence in physical and social cognitive items was reduced during the stay at the ward. Using Rasch analysis, separate physical and social-cognitive items and personal measures were obtained on a linear scale. It was demonstrated that the relative order of the items was similar at admission and discharge. There were minor differences between diagnostic groups for the physical items, whereas more diagnostic-specific differences were seen for the social-cognitive items, for stroke patients with and without aphasia. Individual statistics were used for demonstrating FIM changes during the rehabilitation period. There was a high correlation between admission and discharge FIM values, and the admission FIM (physical items) accounted for up to nearly 50% of the variation in length of stay in a homogeneous sample such as stroke patients, but for less than 40% in the total sample. FIM can be used to follow changes during inpatient rehabilitation and for comparisons between different rehabilitation units.
Maximal isometric knee extension strength and stair-mounting ability in 75- and 80-year-old men and women
Authors: Rantanen T , Era P , Heikkinen E.
Published: August 2024

The objective was to study whether the ability to mount different step heights depends on knee extension strength, and if this dependence varies according to age or sex among elderly persons. Altogether, 198 independently living 75-year-old women, 98 75-year-old men, 117 80-year-old women and 45 80-year-old men participated in the study. Maximal isometric knee extension strength was measured in a sitting position using a custom-built dynamometer chair. Results were standardized for body mass and height. In the stair-mounting test 10 cm high boxes were combined to form steps with heights of 10 to 50 cm. Older subjects, especially the women, exhibited poorer results in both tests. However, when groups based on maximum step height were analysed separately for strength, three-way analysis of variance revealed no sex effects. Although the number of men in the analysis was quite small, it was concluded that the strength requirements for mounting a certain step height were similar for both sexes. Owing to their sex-related lower average strength, old women may be at greater risk than old men of becoming impaired in certain motor tasks.
A pilot study of rehabilitation at home after stroke: a health-economic appraisal
Authors: Widén Holmqvist , De Pedro Cuesta , Möller G , Holm M , Sidén A.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed at describing the health-economic implications and organisational issues of rehabilitation at home in south-west Stockholm of 15 acute stroke patients, mean age 68.2, male:female ratio 9:6, independent in feeding and continent one week after their stroke. Average patient satisfaction with different dimensions of care was 92%. Perceived dysfunction, by means of the Sickness Impact Profile, 3 months after stroke was highest for Recreation-and-Pastime, Home Management and Ambulation. Between 3-12 months after stroke, functional improvement was particularly seen in Home Management, Recreation-and-Pastime and Emotional Behaviour. Three fourths of the patients received help with different ADL tasks from a family caregiver and 1/5 from home service assistants. According to the scores for subjective health of the spouses and time used to help the patient, the burden that the programme put on the patient's family was modest, temporary and in accordance with preferences reported by the elderly in Sweden. The mean duration of hospital stay for patients under rehabilitation at home was 14 days and for a selected comparison group with similar ADL-grade, 27 days. The mean number of therapy sessions at home was 11. Each home visit took 3.2 hours, 60% of which were direct patient time. In the selected comparison group, 1/3 was referred to other departments for rehabilitation and care, and 40% had contacts with day-care and paramedical professionals after discharge from the hospital. During the first year after stroke, the average, direct, per capita cost for rehabilitation at home amounted to SEK 127,730 divided between hospital care (50%), followed by contribution by family caregivers (18%), rehabilitation at home (10%), out-patient visits to physicians and nurses (8.8%), home-help service (7%), auxiliary equipment (2%), medication (1.5%), home adaptation (1%) and transportation service (0.3%). This organisational model of home-based rehabilitation of stroke patients constitutes a feasible, possibly less expensive alternative and complement to current rehabilitation in hospital and primary care, which could be further developed and evaluated.
Shear stress measured on beds and wheelchairs
Authors: Goossens RH , Snijders CJ , Holscher TG , Heerens WC , Holman AE.
Published: August 2024

Local shear is understood to be one of the principal risk factors for the development of pressure sores. There is a need for a small deformable sensor that can measure the shear force between skin and deformable materials without disturbing the shear phenomenon. In the present study a new shear sensor is introduced with a contact area of 4.05 cm2. A series of validation experiments was performed with ten healthy young subjects. It was demonstrated that with a forward-tilted seat, the sum of the local shear forces between skin and sensormat is equal to the resultant shear force measured with a force plate. This result serves as a validation of the new sensor. The shear values recorded are 4.8 kPa in the longitudinal direction and 8.5 kPa in the transversal direction while sitting in a wheelchair, and 5.6 kPa in the longitudinal direction and 3.1 kPa in the transversal direction on a mattress of a hospital bed, while in sitting position in bed.
Effect of training on physical capacity and physical strain in persons with tetraplegia
Authors: Dallmeijer AJ , Hopman MT , Angenot EL , Van der Woude LH.
Published: August 2024

The effects of quad rugby training on physical capacity and physical strain during standardized activities of daily living were investigated in 9 trained (A) and 5 untrained quad rugby players (B), and 7 inactive persons with tetraplegia (C) at 0, 3 and 6 months after the start of a quad rugby training program (1.5h.wk[-1]). Physical capacity was measured as maximal isometric strength, peak power output (POpeak) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) on a stationary wheelchair ergometer. Physical strain was expressed as a percentage of heart-rate reserve. No measurable training effects could be observed for POpeak, VO2peak and physical strain. A significant rise in maximal isometric strength was found in group B after 3 and 6 months of training, whereas no significant changes were found in groups A and C. The results suggest that a higher training frequency and/or intensity may be needed to gain significant training effects for POpeak and VO2peak.
A comparison of the activation of muscles moving the patella in normal subjects and in patients with chronic patellofemoral problems
Authors: Morrish GM , Woledge RC.
Published: August 2024

The activation of the oblique fibres of vastus medialis, the postero-lateral fibres of vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris was studied by surface electromyography, during the force development of a maximal isometric contraction, performed near full extension (20 degrees of flexion), by 49 patients with chronic patellofemoral problems and 20 normal subjects. In the normal subjects activation of oblique portions of the vasti was in advance of force rise, during the time for 80% tension development. In the patient group, however, the activation of these lagged behind force rise. Force rise was slower in the patients even though the contraction was generally pain free. In all groups the activation of these two sections of the muscle remained approximately synchronous, suggesting that they have a reciprocal action in controlling patellar position, disruption of which might contribute to patellofemoral problems.
Eye Motility Dysfunction in Chronic Primary Fibromyalgia With Dysesthesia
Authors: Rosenhall U , Johansson G , Orndahl G
Published: August 2024

Thirty-six patients with "chronic primary fibromyalgia" combined with dysesthesia were studied using oculomotor tests. The test results were compared with those of a control group consisting of 71 healthy persons. The saccades were found to be abnormal in 42% of the patients studied. The maximum velocity of the saccades was often reduced, while the accuracy was normal. The smooth pursuit eye movements were deranged in 89% of the patients. The velocity gain was reduced and the number of corrective saccades was increased. The results indicate that brain dysfunction, often at the brainstem level, is commonly seen in patients with chronic primary fibromyalgia syndrome combined with dysesthesia.
The effect of shoulder muscle training in patients with recurrent shoulder dislocations
Authors: Broström LA Kronberg M
Published: August 2024

Thirty-three shoulders in 29 patients with recurrent shoulder dislocations, of both traumatic and nontraumatic type, have been studied. The patients suffered from muscle weakness, and had also a hypotrophy of the supra- and infraspinatus muscles. A special training program using an isokinetic pulley-weight apparatus, for muscle strength, coordination and endurance training of the rotator-cuff muscles and the deltoid were given all patients. Shoulder flexors, internal and external rotator muscles were trained three times a week, during a period of 8 weeks. At follow-up one year after completion of the specific training program all shoulders except five were improved. Five shoulders had remaining instability. Four of these patients had generalized joint laxity and a much decreased humeral head retroversion, and were later on stabilized with a rotational osteotomy of the proximal humerus. One of the shoulders with remaining instability was of traumatic type with normal skeletal anatomy. This patient was later on stabilized with a Putti-Platt procedure. We conclude that most of the patients were relieved from pain, and had decrease or cessation of their dislocations. Factors indicating a less good result of training were an abnormal skeletal anatomy, and/or a multidirectional type of instability.
Mechanical performance, level of continuous contraction and muscle pain symptoms in home care personnel
Authors: Elert J Brulin C
Published: August 2024

The interrelationships between reported complaints, clinical status, mechanical performance and EMG pattern of the shoulder flexors and the knee extensors, respectively, during maximum dynamic contractions were investigated. A group of 97 randomly selected women employed in the home care service participated. Those who reported complaints had more clinical findings, such as reduced mobility, tender points and muscle tightness, than non-complainers. The level of muscle activity during the passive part of the contraction cycle was significantly higher in the shoulder flexors than in the knee extensors. Subjects without reported complaints who had been employed for more than ten years had a significantly lower activity level in the shoulder muscles than subjects without complaints who had been employed for a shorter time. We suggest that a high muscle tension level between contractions might precede muscle pain. A cluster analysis including sociodemographic, clinical and physiological variables revealed different subgroups, which points to the need to investigate the work situation in a multivariate way.
Rehabilitation and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Formisano R Pratesi L
Published: August 2024

In this study we evaluated the efficacy of physical therapy together with drug therapy in a group of parkinsonian patients, compared with a group of patients treated using drug therapy only. The physical therapy program lasted four months and included passive and active mobilization exercises, adopted for postural control and equilibrium, walking and prevention of contractures and ankylosis. The assessment was accomplished by means of clinical rating scales and motor performance tests. Patients treated by means of physiotherapy showed an improvement at the end of the study in both clinical scales and motor performance tests. This improvement was noted in both patients with less severe and more severe symptoms as well as in those with shorter and longer disease duration. It is not easy to assess the role played by physical therapy due to the difficulty of an objective evaluation; our results, however, show an improvement in the functional performance of patients and suggest the usefulness of physical therapy associated with drug therapy in a comprehensive treatment for Parkinson's disease.
Assessment of handicap in chronic dialysis diabetic patients (Uremidiab section study)
Authors: Borgel F Benhamou PY
Published: August 2024

As part of a large epidemiological study concerning 494 diabetic patients undergoing dialysis throughout France--the so-called Uremidiab section study--we collected data with the aim of describing objective as well as subjective aspects of quality of survival. Questionnaires were completed from medical records and from direct interviews by trained collectors. The data included: (a) medical status and impairments; (b) functional status with the Barthel index for basic activities of daily living; (c) subjective aspects through self-estimation of fatigue, pain, care burden, quality of life and working capacity. Only 21% of the patients had type 1 diabetes and more than 71% were currently insulin-treated. Among the various long-term complications registered, visual impairment was a prominent feature: 25% of the patients were blind and the best eye vision scored 0.8 or more for only 20%. The differences found between the two types of diabetes are discussed. As a result of these impairments, functional status was poor even when considering basic activities, with a mean Barthel index (BI) of 80 +/- 19. Type 2 patients and those patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis had significantly lower BI. The results are discussed in the light of the literature. Compared with a group of 121 non-dialyzed diabetics, patients scored higher for fatigue and pain, but not for care burden and quality of life.
Mucus clearance at rest and during exercise in patients with bronchial hypersecretion
Authors: Olséni L Midgren B
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects on mucus clearance after physical exercise. We measured mucociliary clearance at rest and during exercise in eleven patients with mild or moderate bronchial hypersecretion. The subjects inhaled an aerosol containing 99mTc-labelled albumin millimicrospheres. Four sets of scintigraphic images were obtained with 15 minute intervals. The lung retention of radioactivity was quantified using a gamma camera and the clearance of particles from the lungs were calculated for each 15 min period. The first image was obtained directly after inhalation, the second after a period of 15 min rest, the third after a period of exercise on a bicycle ergometer and the final fourth image after another period of rest. We found no differences in the clearance rate at rest and after exercise.
Algometry. Measuring pain threshold, method and characteristics in healthy subjects
Authors: Hogeweg JA Langereis MJ
Published: August 2024

A pressure algometer was tested using a specially designed protocol in 28 healthy adult males and females. Two observers examined the pressure threshold (PT) of local tenderness at the joints of the wrists, elbows, knees, ankles, and at the paravertebral tissues. Several characteristics of the instrument were found. There were no significant differences in PT's between the same points on either side of the body (r = 0.738-0.934). A large source of variance was the measurement of one area within short time intervals. No significant differences in means were found between the two observers for the paravertebral points, while significant differences were found at the peripheral joints. Male subjects had significantly higher PT's than females. The PT's of the paravertebral tissues decreased in a cranial direction, while PT's of the peripheral joints showed similar levels. There was no significant influence on observing PT's on different dates or in a different order.
Back pain in school children. A study among 1178 pupils
Authors: Troussier B , Davoine P , De Gaudemaris , Fauconnier J , Phelip X.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of back pain in school children and the role of several contributing factors; 1178 school children of both sexes answered a previously validated questionnaire. The cumulative prevalence of back pain was 51.2%. Lumbar and leg pain, and thoracic pain were more common. After multivariate analysis, five qualitative variables were correlated with back pain with a statistical, significant positive correlation with age, previous back injury, volley-ball, female sex and time spent watching television.
Outcomes of geriatric discharge planning. A quality assurance study from a geriatric rehabilitation ward
Authors: Styrborn K , Larsson A , Drettner G.
Published: August 2024

The outcome of a discharge planning procedure at a geriatric rehabilitation ward was studied with an interdisciplinary and multidimensional approach, where medical, nursing, functional and psychosocial factors were included. The patient's own expectations and attitude to functional performance and outcome were explored in an interview at the day of discharge and one month later in a follow-up telephone interview. Data were also collected from registers and medical and professional records. All the 36 patients discharged to their own homes, mostly after home assessment, or to old people's homes were followed up. The median rehabilitation stay was 30 days. Their medical status was stable over time and nursing interventions remained frequent. The functional level was unchanged for 18, and further enhanced for 10 patients. Most patients felt secure at home and received the home help they anticipated. Worries were expressed by one-third on realistic grounds, mainly medical or ideas on the accommodation. Some interventions were required and carried out by the team. Home living was as expected or better for two-thirds of the patients. The timing and the patient's situation at discharge seemed to have been well assessed, with an overall positive outcome after a month at home. Further development of practical multidimensional evaluations adapted to elderly patients is necessary in a quality assurance perspective.
Testing daily functions post-stroke with standardized practical equipment
Authors: Lindmark B , Hamrin E , Törnquist K.
Published: August 2024

Two hundred and seven stroke patients were tested with Standardized Practical Equipment (SPE) three months after a stroke. One year after the stroke 183 survivors from this stroke population were tested with the equipment. The SPE test consists of 12 common daily activities, which the patient was asked to perform. The construct validity of SPE was estimated by factor analysis from the results of one-year follow-up. Three factors explained 82% of the variance of the 12 variables of SPE. Factor 1 mainly concerned cognitive factors and co-ordination, Factor 2 construction and hand function and Factor 3 variables that were dependent on mobility and balance. No significant difference was noted between the performance with SPE three months and one year after the stroke among the one-year survivors. There were some differences between men and women; for example the men were more successful in tasks with technical components. The women had more difficulty with some of the tasks involving mobility, such as climbing stairs without support. The Standardized Practical Equipment gave good additive information about the ability of a stroke patient to manage at home and could be used in any set-up.
Benefits of sport and physical activity for the disabled: implications for the individual and for society
Authors: Shephard RJ.
Published: August 2024

An increase of physical activity is commonly recommended to those with physical disability, but it is necessary to distinguish competitive sport from fitness programmes, remedial gymnastics and active recreation. Potential benefits of enhanced activity are reviewed. Likely psychological gains include an improvement of mood-state, with a reduction of anxiety and depression, an increase of self-esteem and feelings of greater self-efficacy. Sociological gains include new experiences, new friendships, and a countering of stigmatization. Perceived health is improved, and in a more long-term perspective there is a reduced risk of many chronic diseases. Finally, there is a greater likelihood of employment, with less absenteeism and enhanced productivity. Both the health and the industrial benefits have a potential to yield cost savings that could make an important contribution toward the expense of suitably adapted physical activity programmes. It is concluded that the physically disabled should be encouraged to engage in physical activity, although further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to determine the optimal type of programme for such individuals.
Vocational rehabilitation in northern Sweden. I. A socio-demographic description
Authors: Eklund M Fugl-Meyer AR.
Published: August 2024

Some socio-demographic variables were registered by structured interview in a consecutive series (n = 149) of subjects referred for vocational rehabilitation with a diagnosis of somatic disease. Two years later the subjects were re-interviewed about current occupational and financial status. Initially 43% received sickness allowance and 18% unemployment compensation, the remaining 39% were vocationally active. Almost 19% needed only technical aids to be able to return to/remain in work; an intervention which was used significantly more often for the--relatively older--self-employed than for the rest of the sample. Two years later 80% of those who were vocationally active at the time of referral were still at work, the remaining 20% were undergoing training (11%) or were vocationally inactive (9%). Among those who were receiving sickness benefit/unemployment compensation at referral, 44% were at work and 20% were receiving education. Return to work after vocational inactivity was financially beneficial. It is concluded that vocational rehabilitation in Umeå had a fair rate of success. This may be due to the low rate of handicaps.
Effects of a single session of prolonged plantarflexor stretch on muscle activations during gait in spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Richards CL Malouin F
Published: August 2024

Activations of the triceps surae (TS) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles during gait were studied in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) immediately before and after 30 min of standing on a tilt-table with the ankle dorsiflexed to stretch the TS in the experimental group (n = 8) or after a rest period in the control group (n = 11). The EMG activity from the TS and TA was recorded concomitantly with electronic footswitch signals by a computer. Video records were made of the sagittal gait movements. Effects of PMS were determined by comparing change scores for selected spatiotemporal and muscle activation parameters between the groups. The change scores defined for the muscle activations were: a post-test/pre-test ratio of the EMG activity in specific segments of the gait cycle and a locomotor spasticity index. PMS did not significantly (p greater than 0.05) affect any of the spatiotemporal parameters nor did it alter any of the TS and most of the TA activation parameters or the SI indexes for the TS and TA. Only the TA post/pre activation ratio for the 0-16% segment of the gait cycle was smaller (p less than 0.01), indicating a decrease in TA activation post-PMS.
Professional role and autonomy in physiotherapy. A study of Swedish physiotherapists
Authors: Bergman B.
Published: August 2024

A study of 163 physiotherapists' conception of their professional role and autonomy and the implications for their work has been completed. About half (55%) felt that physicians and other staff members primarily expected them to act as independent professionals, while about one-third (34%) felt that they were expected to undertake treatment after referral from or discussion with the physician. Most physiotherapists (86%) were firmly in control of their treatment methods, but had somewhat restricted freedom in deciding whom to treat, and when to terminate treatment. The majority (96%) regarded their professional tasks as being important for others. Few (14%) had carried out any systematic evaluation of their methods and results--hence few obtained any objective feedback from their work, which is believed to affect the quality of work, as well as work motivation and job satisfaction.
Neck and shoulder disorders in medical secretaries. Part II. Ergonomical work environment and symptom profile
Authors: Kamwendo K Linton SJ
Published: August 2024

Seventy-nine medical secretaries with neck and shoulder pain were included in a study aimed at an in-depth description of the ergonomical work environment and the participant's symptom profile, as well as analysing relationships between ergonomical factors and symptoms. Data were collected by daily ratings, questionnaires, and direct observation. The symptom profile showed low mean daily ratings of perceived fatigue and pain, a low medicine consumption, and few stress symptoms. A mean number of 2.1 undesirable work postures was observed. The correlations between perceived fatigue, pain, and well-being with number of shifts from sitting to standing and time spent typing, were generally small. This study suggests that risk factors for neck and shoulder pain are individual and multifactorial.
Psychosocial job factors and symptoms from the locomotor system--a multicausal analysis
Authors: Theorell T Harms-Ringdahl K
Published: August 2024

The effects of physical and psychosocial work environment factors on emotions, psychosomatic and endocrine (cortisol and testosterone) states, back pain, symptoms of degenerative joint disease, and absenteeism for sickness, were studied in 147 men and 60 women in six occupations representing widely different physical and psychological activities. In most subjects, measurements were carried out twice to four times over one year. Statistical analyses were performed of the associations between different factor levels, such as age, gender, height, body mass index, and physical stressors at work. It was found that psychological work demands were associated with physiological indicators of strain (plasma cortisol and self-reported muscle tension) and that self-reported muscle tension was associated with several emotional reactions as well as with symptoms from the back, neck and shoulders. Little possibility for decision-making was associated with a high rate of absenteeism for sickness. In men, a high plasma testosterone level was associated with self-reported muscle tension. The results indicate that work environment factors influence mood, bodily tension and somatic symptoms, but that load on the locomotor system and opportunity to influence decisions play an important and more direct role in absenteeism for sickness.
The effect of steering on the physiological energy cost of wheelchair propulsion
Authors: Reid M , Lawrie AT , Hunter J , Warren PM.
Published: August 2024

Previous studies of the energy cost of wheelchair propulsion have used ergometers or tracks requiring little steering. We have measured minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2) and heart rate (HR) during exercise in a two arm, hand-rim propulsion wheelchair on a treadmill, and on three tracks of increasing tortuosity in eight able-bodied subjects. During propulsion at 0.6 m/sec, VE, VO2, and VCO2 were significantly greater on the track with the maximal steering component than on that with the minimal steering component, or on the treadmill with no steering component. Heart rate was significantly higher on the maximal compared to minimal steering component track. Exercise at speeds varying from 0.2 to 1.0 m/sec showed that VO2 and VCO2 were significantly higher on the medium steering component track than on the treadmill at speeds of 0.6 m/sec and above. We conclude that the effort of steering contributes significantly to the energy cost of wheelchair propulsion particularly at higher speeds.
The hip joint: forces needed for distraction and appearance of the vacuum phenomenon
Authors: Arvidsson I.
Published: August 2024

Joint traction and other mobilization techniques are commonly used in physical therapy for patients with osteoarthrosis. The aim of this study has been to: (a) measure the separation of the joint surfaces in the normal hip joint during application of different forces; (b) investigate whether or not the degree of separation was influenced by the position of the joint; (c) compare hip joint laxity in men and women; (d) find the traction force needed to cause the appearance of vacuum phenomena. To achieve a separation in the hip joint, a traction force of at least 400 N must be applied. The distraction was greater in the loose packed position than in the close packed position at equal force and in both males and females. Vacuum phenomena appeared at between 400 and 600 N of traction, varying with joint position.
Effects of prolonged muscle stretch on reflex and voluntary muscle activations in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Tremblay F , Malouin F , Richards CL , Dumas F.
Published: August 2024

We studied the short term effects of a single session of prolonged muscle stretch (PMS) on reflex and voluntary muscle activations in 22 children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) assigned to an experimental (n = 12) and a control group (n = 10). Children of the experimental group underwent PMS of the triceps surae (TS) by standing with the feet dorsiflexed on a tilt-table for 30 min, whereas children of the control group were kept at rest. The effects were determined by measuring the associated changes in torque and in electromyographic (EMG) activity of the TS and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles during both passive ankle movements and maximal static voluntary contractions. The results indicate that PMS led to reduced spasticity in ankle muscles as demonstrated by the significant reductions (p less than 0.05) of the neuromuscular responses (torque and EMG) to passive movement. These inhibitory effects lasted up to 35 min after cessation of PMS. In addition, the capacity to voluntarily activate the plantar flexors was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased post-PMS, but the capacity to activate the dorsiflexors was apparently not affected. These findings suggest that repeated sessions of PMS may have beneficial effects in the management of spasticity in children with CP.
The physical and psychosocial effect of moderate osteoarthrosis of the knee
Authors: Mattsson E Broström LA.
Published: August 2024

To illustrate both physical and psychosocial effects of moderate gonarthrosis, clinical examination of patients has been supplemented with a questionnaire SIP (Sickness Impact Profile), to describe the functional health status. Sixty patients, 35 women and 25 men, mean age 63 years, with moderate medial osteoarthrosis of the knee and no symptoms from other joints, were included in the study. The mean BOA score and the self-selected walking speed were decreased in these patients compared to normal individuals. All patients graded pain during walking. The SIP revealed both physical and psychosocial changes in these patients with moderate gonarthrosis. Patients considered that their knee osteoarthrosis had great influence physically on ambulation, during recreation and pasttimes, during sleep and rest, and psychosocially on emotional behaviour. Significant correlations (p less than 0.01) were found between pain during walking and the psychosocial questions in the SIP, between the BOA score and questions in the SIP concerning the physical performance, and between self-selected walking speed and the physical questions. It is concluded that the SIP appears to be a measure with sufficient sensitivity to detect physical and psychosocial changes in patients with moderate osteoarthrosis of the knee. In clinical practice determination of self-selected walking speed and pain during walking will appropriately reflect general function.
Group training in parkinsonism: quantitative measurements of treatment
Authors: Pedersen SW , Oberg B , Insulander A , Vretman M.
Published: August 2024

Ten patients with mild to moderate parkinsonism were tested before and after a 12-week training program. Strength was tested with simultaneous EMG registration in the ankle flexors at different angular velocities using a modified Cybex II equipment. Peak Torque (pT), Torque area (Ta) and Emg area (iEMGa) for the eccentric and concentric contractions were calculated. Quotients-q (Ta)/(iEMG) for evaluation of work per iEMG in concentric and eccentric contractions were calculated. Gait analysis and a questionnaire for evaluation of the functional level were also included. Mean peak torque values did not change with training. Concentric quotients-q between test one and control was significantly lower in 30 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s; eccentric quotient-q was significantly lower in the same velocities but between test 2 and control. No improvement in gait was found. Patient questionnaire ratings did not improve significantly though patients had an overall impression of a beneficial effect of physical therapy. No long term effect was found. The results showed with the measuring methods presented no consistent measurable effect from group training in Parkinson's disease.
Incidence and survival of multiply revised knee arthroplasties in Denmark 1998–2021: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Hald Julius T , El-Galaly Anders B , Petersen Michael M , Lindberg-Larsen Martin , Christensen Robin , Odgaard Anders
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The primary aim of our study was to identify the absolute incidence and implant survival of multiply revised knee arthroplasties based on nationwide register data. The secondary aim was to determine the change in the absolute incidence and implant survival of multiply revised knee arthroplastiesMethods: We performed a retrospective observational study of primary knee arthroplasties using several nationwide Danish registers. All primary knee arthroplasties performed in Denmark from 1998 to 2021 were identified. From these primary arthroplasties, revision procedures were identified. Kaplan–Meier plots were used in survival analysis to estimate the likelihood of implant survival.Results: 161,384 primary knee arthroplasties and their revisions performed between 1998 and 2021 were identified; of 13,786 (8.5%) revisions there were 10,638 1st revisions, 2,148 2nd revisions, 624 3rd revisions, 223 4th revisions, and 153 procedures that had been revised more than 4 times. The 10-year revision-free survival of primary arthroplasties was 92.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 92.2–92.5). First-time revisions had a 10-year revision-free survival of 75.9% (CI 74.9–76.9). The 10-year survival of second- and third-time revisions was 65.1% (CI 62.6–67.6) and 57.8% (CI 53.4–62.5), respectively. The 10-year implant survival probabilities of primary knee arthroplasties were 91.4% in 1998–2009 and 93.3% in 2010–2021 (difference 2.2%). The 10-year implant survival probabilities of 1st revisions were 77% in 1998–2009 and 75% in 2010–2021 (difference –2.4%).Conclusion: We found that 0.3% of all primary knee arthroplasties resulted in 3 or more revisions. The implant survival decreased for each consecutive revision, with almost half of the 3rd revisions being re-revised within 10 years. The 10-survival of the primary implant was higher in 2010–2021, and the 10-year survival of the 1st revision was higher in 1998–2009.
Influence of design features and brand of reverse shoulder arthroplasties on survivorship and reasons for revision surgery: results of 5,494 arthroplasties with up to 15 years’ follow-up reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register 2007–2022
Authors: Hole Randi M , Fenstad Anne Marie , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Hallan Geir , Furnes Ove N
Published: August 2024

Background and purpose: We aimed to report the survival of different reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) designs and brands, and factors associated with revision. The secondary aim was to evaluate the reasons for revision.Methods: We included 4,696 inlay and 798 onlay RSAs reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register (NAR) 2007–2022. Kaplan–Meier estimates of survivorship and Cox models adjusted for age, sex, diagnosis, implant design, humeral fixation, and previous surgery were investigated to assess revision risks. The reasons for revision were compared using competing risk analysis.Results: Overall, the 10-year survival rate was 94% (confidence interval [CI] 93–95). At 5 years all brands exceeded 90%. Compared with Delta Xtend (n = 3,865), Aequalis Ascend Flex (HR 2.8, CI 1.7–4.6), Aequalis Reversed II (HR 2.2, CI 1.2–4.2), SMR (HR 2.5, CI 1.3–4.7), and Promos (HR 2.2, CI 1.0–4.9) had increased risk of revision. Onlay and inlay RSAs had similar risk of revision (HR 1.2, CI 0.8–1.8). Instability and deep infection were the most frequent revision causes. Male sex (HR 2.3, CI 1.7–3.1), fracture sequelae (HR 3.1, CI 2.1–5.0), and fractures operated on with uncemented humeral stems had increased risk of revision (HR 3.5, CI 1.6–7.3).Conclusion: We found similar risk of revision with inlay and onlay designs. Some prosthesis brands had a higher rate of revision than the most common implant, but numbers were low.
Urban territorial planning and integrated watershed management in comparative perspective. the Mendoza (Argentina) and Aconcagua (Chile) rivers
Authors:   Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Chile, Escudero Peña Natalia , Martin Liber ,   Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad de Mendoza, Sepúlveda Ocampo Rubén ,   Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Chile, D'Inca Verónica ,   Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño, Universidad de Mendoza, Razquin Oscar ,   Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño, Universidad de Mendoza, Bravo Sánchez José ,   Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Chile, Andino Marcela ,   Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad de Mendoza
Published: August 2024

Extreme weather phenomena (heat waves, forest fires, melting glaciers, rising sea levels, warmer and more acidic oceans, hurricanes, droughts and floods, etc.), which are changing and intensifying as a result of climate change, are seriously affecting the lives of people in both urban and rural areas. One of the most urgent problems to be solved is water scarcity.It has been demonstrated that part of this meteorological drought is due to human actions and that the water variable must be integrated into urban and land use planning.The hypothesis of this research is that factors of different nature do not allow achieving territorial planning based on integrated watershed management,in the two investigated case studies: the Mendoza River Basin in Argentina and the Aconcagua River Basin in Chile.The objective of this study was to analyze the regulatory, institutional, governance, sustainability, and climate change components that hinder integrated water resource managementthrough a qualitative methodology. Both case studies reveal obstacles to achieving territorial planning based on integrated watershed management. The Chilean case presents even greater difficulties due to a regulatory and legal framework that still centers on private ownership of water.
Search of circular surface landforms with negative topography associated with geological processes in a physical geography framework within the province of Pichincha, Ecuador
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Herrera Centeno Myrian , Guerrero Narváez Francisco ,   Dirección de Investigación Cartográfica, Geográfica y Espacial, Instituto Geográfico Militar. Quito, Ecuador, Ramírez Navas Milton ,   Dirección de Investigación Cartográfica, Geográfica y Espacial, Instituto Geográfico Militar. Quito, Ecuador
Published: August 2024

The circular surface landforms with negative topography are the result of the interaction of factors of natural origin associated with active and inactive geological processes; therefore, if these processes occur again, they would generate events that may constitute a threat to the population, the means of production and the environment, making it necessary to identify, define and spatially locate these structures in the territory. This study is a first approximation of achieving this purpose through compositions of geometric signatures using the variables of slope, texture, convexity, concavity, valley depth, convergence index and analytical hillshading in the SAGA 7.8.2 software. The procedure carried out began with the recognition of circular landforms with positive topography as volcanic structures and their main characteristics (drains, slopes, craters, escarpments, erosion marks, among others), these already identified structures allowed us to collect useful information to define circular landforms withnegative topography delimiting a large erosion zone in the northeastern study area. However, the need to determine an automatic procedure that allows the identification of target structures in an automated way, through the use of geographic information systems is confirmed.
La exclusión o inclusión de asignaturas en los mapas curriculares durante la actualización de los planes de estudio
Authors: Candia García Filiberto , García Sánchez Enrique Rafael
Published: August 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue documentar un procedimiento mediante el cual se procuró simplificar el complejo proceso de tomar decisiones sobre la inclusión o exclusión de asignaturas y seriaciones en un mapa curricular. Para ello, se eligió el método documental, pues se usaron los datos de los anuarios estadísticos de una institución de educación superior, los cuales fueron organizados y analizados para interpretar la relación entre el número de asignaturas actuales y las recomendaciones de la Secretaría de Educación Pública Federal y Estatal, orientadas a mejorar la eficiencia terminal. Los resultados se presentan en forma de tablas que configuran los modos de actuación de las líneas de seriación, junto con un análisis descriptivo de los alcances de cada una. En conclusión, se puede indicar que seguir este procedimiento reduce la incertidumbre al decidir sobre la inclusión o exclusión de una asignatura en el mapa curricular.
Distribution of Women's Functions as Family Heads from a Normative and Gender Perspective
Authors: Ghummiah Shivi Mala
Published: August 2024

Pemahaman umum tentang konsep qiwama, menempatkan peran kepala keluarga berada pada laki-laki, sedangkan perempuan berperan pada ranah domestik. Dalam UU no. 1 Tahun 1974 dan KHI dinyatakan bahwa laki-laki adalah kepala keluarga, dan perempuan adalah ibu rumah tangga. Namun, realita sosialnya, banyak perempuan yang secara praktiknya bertanggung jawab sebagai kepala keluarga, misalnya janda sebab suaminya meninggal atau cerai, perempuan korban poligami, dan perempuan pencari nafkah utama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka (library research), dengan menggunakan pendekatan gender. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan teori Mubadalah, keluarga dikepalai oleh laki-laki bukanlah hal mutlak, melainkan dapat disesuaikan dengan keadaan dan kemampuan. Sehingga perempuan yang berperan sebagai kepala keluarga tidaklah menyalahi hukum agama maupun perundang-undangan IndonesiaKata kunci: Perempuan, Kepala Keluarga, Gender.
Analyzing junior high school students' mathematical reasoning in problem-solving: A focus on the Treffinger-oriented learning approach
Authors: Hidayah Defi Fatikhatul , Hw Slamet
Published: August 2024

Mathematical reasoning is a fundamental ability that helps students solve various problems. This study aims to analyze students' mathematical reasoning in solving word problems using the Treffinger approach. This qualitative research with a phenomenological design involves researchers as the main instrument and uses mathematical reasoning tests and interview guides. The results showed that students tend to reread problems and annotate them before presenting mathematical ideas, indicating the positive influence of the Treffinger approach. Students use scratch sheets to justify answers and check the validity of their problem-solving steps, although some students still make mistakes in previous stages. The results show that the Treffinger approach encourages students' reasoning abilities in solving problems, from presenting the problem to checking the validity of the answer. However, students' understanding of mathematical concepts is also essential in problem-solving. This research implies an alternative solution for teachers to improve students' mathematical reasoning abilities through classroom learning.
Enhancing mathematical proof skills in teacher education through etymology-based learning approaches
Authors: Rifat Mohamad , Sudiansyah Sudiansyah , Peterianus Septian
Published: August 2024

This study aims to enhance students' understanding of mathematical proof through the etymology-based learning method. The research employs a descriptive approach to observe and analyze students' mathematical proof patterns in various contexts. Data were collected from 30 students enrolled in a master's degree program in mathematics education who demonstrated varying abilities in mathematical proof. The findings indicate that using action words or phrases during instruction can support students' ability to differentiate relevant terms and avoid misinterpretation of context. Furthermore, comparative understanding of source and target problems improves students' mathematical proof patterns in broader learning contexts. The implications of this study highlight the importance of integrating language-based and formal approaches in mathematics teaching to enhance students' mathematical proof abilities holistically.