bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amyloid beta protein-induced zinc sequestration leads to synaptic loss via dysregulation of the ProSAP2/Shank3 scaffold
Authors: Grabrucker Andreas M , Schmeisser Michael J , Udvardi Patrick T , Arons Magali , Schoen Michael , Woodling Nathaniel S , Andreasson Katrin I , Hof Patrick R , Buxbaum Joseph D , Garner Craig C , Boeckers Tobias M
Published: September 2011

Background

Memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifest together with the loss of synapses caused by the disruption of the postsynaptic density (PSD), a network of scaffold proteins located in dendritic spines. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Since it was shown that ProSAP2/Shank3 scaffold assembly within the PSD is Zn2+-dependent and that the amyloid beta protein (Aβ) is able to bind Zn2+, we hypothesize that sequestration of Zn2+ ions by Aβ contributes to ProSAP/Shank platform malformation.

Results

To test this hypothesis, we designed multiple in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrating ProSAP/Shank dysregulation in rat hippocampal cultures following Aβ oligomer accumulation. These changes were independent from alterations on ProSAP/Shank transcriptional level. However, application of soluble Aβ prevented association of Zn2+ ions with ProSAP2/Shank3 in a cell-based assay and decreased the concentration of Zn2+ clusters within dendrites. Zn2+ supplementation or saturation of Aβ with Zn2+ ions prior to cell treatment was able to counter the effects induced by Aβ on synapse density and ProSAP2/Shank3 levels at the PSD. Interestingly, intracellular Zn2+ levels in APP-PS1 mice and human AD hippocampus are reduced along with a reduction in synapse density and synaptic ProSAP2/Shank3 and Shank1 protein levels.

Conclusions

We conclude that sequestration of Zn2+ ions by Aβ significantly contributes to changes in ProSAP2/Shank3 platforms. These changes in turn lead to less consolidated (mature) synapses reflected by a decrease in Shank1 protein levels at the PSD and decreased synapse density in hippocampal neurons.
Mycobacterium chimaera pulmonary infection complicating cystic fibrosis: a case report
Authors: Cohen-Bacrie Stéphan , David Marion , Stremler Nathalie , Dubus Jean-Christophe , Rolain Jean-Marc , Drancourt Michel
Published: September 2011

Background

Mycobacterium chimaera is a recently described species within the Mycobacterium avium complex. Its pathogenicity in respiratory tract infection remains disputed. It has never been isolated during cystic fibrosis respiratory tract infection.

Case presentation

An 11-year-old boy of Asian ethnicity who was born on Réunion Island presented to our hospital with cystic fibrosis after a decline in his respiratory function over the course of seven years. We found that the decline in his respiratory function was correlated with the persistent presence of a Mycobacterium avium complex organism further identified as M. chimaera.

Conclusion

Using sequencing-based methods of identification, we observed that M. chimaera organisms contributed equally to respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis when compared with M. avium subsp. hominissuis isolates. We believe that M. chimaera should be regarded as an emerging opportunistic respiratory pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis, including young children, and that its detection warrants long-lasting appropriate anti-mycobacterial treatment to eradicate it.
Suppressing miRNA-15a/-16 expression by interleukin-6 enhances drug-resistance in myeloma cells
Authors: Hao Mu , Zhang Li , An Gang , Sui Weiwei , Yu Zhen , Zou Dehui , Xu Yan , Chang Hong , Qiu Lugui
Published: September 2011

The bone marrow microenvironment facilitates the survival, differentiation, and proliferation of myeloma (MM) cells. This study identified that microRNA-15a and -16 expressions tightly correlated with proliferation and drug sensitivity of MM cells. miRNA-15a/-16 expression in MM cells was significantly increased after treatment with cytotoxic agents. The interaction of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) with MM cells resulted in decreased miRNA-15a/-16 expression and promoted the survival of the MM cells. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) produced by BMSCs suppressed the expression of miRNA-15a and 16 in a time- and dose- dependent pattern, with the suppression on miRNA-15a being more significant than on miRNA-16. miRNA-15a-transfected MM cells were found to be arrested in G1/S checkpoint, and the transfected MM cells had decreased growth and survival. In conclusion, our data suggest that via suppressing miRNA-15a and -16 expressions, IL-6 secreted by BMSCs promotes drug-resistance in myeloma cells.
The Hague: Doodling in Medialandia
Authors: Brock Peter
Published: September 2011

In its third year, the inquisition of Radovan Karadzic is supposedly nearing the halfway mark, as the prosecution is milking the dregs of its case in hopes of discovering a pearl of credibility — if not sanity — for the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia at The Hague. It’s a sure bet that by 2014 the appeal will be upheld for guilt of committing various war crimes. That assumes the tribunal still has a defendant, since two Serbian presidents and one Serbian mayor, among others, have died in ICTY custody. Who knows what the surreal judicial alchemy shall produce next? Certainly not “justice.”
The “Omnibalancing” Proposition and Baghdad’s Foreign Policy: Reinterpreting Contemporary Iraq-Iran-Us Relations
Authors: Strakes Jason E.
Published: September 2011

Iranian influence and interference in the internal affairs of Iraq have become central US policy concerns since the election of a Shiite-majority political elite in 2005. Yet observers have rarely addressed the strategic pursuit of support from both the US and Iranian governments by the Iraqi leadership to defend against threats to its incumbency. In recent years, Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has increasingly pursued engagement with Iranian representatives in an effort to counter domestic challenges and consolidate state resources. However, while the present Iraqi elite has attracted significant trade and foreign investment as well as reconstruction assistance from Tehran, it has been less successful in consolidating an Iranian-sponsored coalition to ensure victory in national elections.
Cofilin cooperates with fascin to disassemble filopodial actin filaments
Authors: Breitsprecher Dennis , Koestler Stefan A. , Chizhov Igor , Nemethova Maria , Mueller Jan , Goode Bruce L. , Small J. Victor , Rottner Klemens , Faix Jan
Published: September 2011

Cells use a large repertoire of proteins to remodel the actin cytoskeleton. Depending on the proteins involved, F-actin is organized in specialized protrusions such as lamellipodia or filopodia, which serve diverse functions in cell migration and sensing. Although factors responsible for directed filament assembly in filopodia have been extensively characterized, the mechanisms of filament disassembly in these structures are mostly unknown. We investigated how the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin-1 affects the dynamics of fascincrosslinked actin filaments in vitro and in live cells. By multicolor total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and fluorimetric assays, we found that cofilin-mediated severing is enhanced in fascin-crosslinked bundles compared with isolated filaments, and that fascin and cofilin act synergistically in filament severing. Immunolabeling experiments demonstrated for the first time that besides its known localization in lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, endogenous cofilin can also accumulate in the tips and shafts of filopodia. Live-cell imaging of fluorescently tagged proteins revealed that cofilin is specifically targeted to filopodia upon stalling of protrusion and during their retraction. Subsequent electron tomography established filopodial actin filament and/or bundle fragmentation to precisely correlate with cofilin accumulation. These results identify a new mechanism of filopodium disassembly involving both fascin and cofilin.
An ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase mediated response to DNA damage down-regulates the mRNA-binding potential of THOC5
Authors: Ramachandran Sheetal , Tran Doan Duy Hai , Klebba-Faerber Sabine , Kardinal Christian , Whetton Anthony D. , Tamura Teruko
Published: September 2011

In response to DNA damage, transcription is blocked by inhibition of RNA polymerase II activity. The regulation of a preexisting pool of mRNAs, therefore, plays a key role in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, or inhibition of differentiation. THOC5 is a member of the THO complex and plays a role in the export of a subset of mRNA, which plays an important role in hematopoiesis and maintaining primitive cells. Since three serine residues in the PEST domain of THOC5 have been shown to be directly phosphorylated by ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase, we examined the THOC5-dependent mRNA export under DNA damage. We show here that DNA damage drastically decreased the cytoplasmic pool of a set of THOC5-dependent mRNAs and impaired the THOC5/mRNA complex formation. The mRNP complex formed with nonphosphorylation mutant (S307/312/314A) THOC5, but not with a C-terminal deletion mutant after DNA damage, suggesting that the C-terminal domain of THOC5, but not its phosphorylation in the PEST domain, is necessary for the regulation of the mRNA-binding potency of THOC5. The cytoplasmic THOC5-dependent mRNAs were recovered by treatment with ATM kinase-specific or p53-specific siRNA, as well as by treatment with ATM kinase inhibitor, KU55933, under DNA damage conditions, suggesting that the ATM–kinase–p53 pathway is involved in this response to the DNA damage. Furthermore, the treatment with KU55933 blocked DNA damage-induced THOC5mRNP complex dissociation, indicating that activation of ATM kinase suppresses the ability of THOC5 to bind to its target mRNAs.
A Transient Water Release and Imbibitions Method for Rapidly Measuring Wetting and Drying Soil Water Retention and Hydraulic Conductivity Functions
Authors: Wayllace Alexandra , Lu Ning
Published: September 2011

A transient water release and imbibitions (TWRI) method for measuring the soil water retention curve (SWRC) and hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) under drying and wetting states is presented. The intellectual merit of the TWRI method is its integration of physical and numerical experiments: it employs the simple and reliable measurement of transient water content by electronic balance to record the signature of transient unsaturated flow in soil sample, and it takes advantage of the robust inverse modeling capability to simulate the physical process. The TWRI method; therefore, has two integrated components: testing and modeling. The testing consists of water release upon two-steps increase in matric suction and water imbibitions upon one-step decrease in matric suction. Each process lasts sufficient time in order to obtain transient water content. The data is then used as an objective function in an inverse numerical modeling process to obtain the unsaturated hydrologic parameters that fully define the SWRC and HCF of the soil. A novel feature of the TWRI method is its capability to measure SWRC and HCF under wetting state. The apparatus can accommodate both undisturbed and remolded samples. The testing time required for completing a full drying and wetting loop is approximately one week for most soils. Validation of the technique has been performed both experimentally and numerically. Comparisons between data obtained with the TWRI method and the independent Tempe cell method verify the reliability, applicability, and accuracy of the TWRI method. Results from three different soils are presented to illustrate the procedure and performance of the TWRI method for different soils from fine sand to clayey silt. The TWRI method provides a fast, accurate, and simple testing tool for obtaining SWRC and HCF of various types of soils under both wetting and drying states with high range of matric suction several orders of magnitude above the air-entry pressure of the ceramic stone used in the experimental setup.
A New Method for Soil Water Characteristic Curve Measurement Based on Similarities Between Soil Freezing and Drying
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Bin , (Bill) Yu Xiong , Zhang Bin , Tao Junliang
Published: September 2011

The soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is the basis to explain a variety of processes in unsaturated soils, ranging from transport phenomena to mechanical behaviors. In this paper, a new method is developed for SWCC estimation based on the similarity between the freezing/thawing process and drying/wetting process in soils. The theoretical basis for this method is first reviewed. The concept of the soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) is introduced to describe the relationship between the unfrozen water content and matric suction in frozen soils. SFCC is analogous to SWCC in that both of them describe the energy status of liquid water associated with liquid water content. Relationships between SWCC and SFCC are discussed. To measure the SFCC, a thermo-time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensor was developed which combines both temperature sensors and conventional TDR sensor. The TDR module and algorithm measured the bulk free water content of soils during the freezing/thawing processes, while the built-in thermocouples measured the internal temperature distribution. SFCCs were obtained from the simultaneously measured TDR and temperature data. Experiments were conducted on a few types of soils to validate this new procedure. The SFCC was obtained from thermo-TDR data collected in specimens subjected to a controlled thawing process, while the SWCC was directly measured by ASTM D5298, the filter paper method. Reasonable agreements were found between SWCC and SFCC. The experimental results implied that the SWCC could be estimated from SFCC, which also provided more evidence of the similarity of freezing/thawing processes and desorption/sorption processes.
Roofing Assembly Simulated Heat and Light Test
Authors: Burns Robert S.
Published: September 2011

The goal of this project is to search for a testing procedure for roof covering products that will radiate both heat and light onto a roof covering and then measure the impact that a given roof covering product has on heat transfer through the entire roofing assembly. Identical roof assemblies were built with ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) rubber roof membrane over a wood deck. Sixteen heat lamps were positioned 1.14 m [45 in.] above the roof covering product to provide both heat and light. Thermocouples were placed on the underside of the wood deck and were insulated from outside air. The roofing assembly and the roof covering temperatures were brought to 18°C to 21°C prior to testing. Heat and light were radiated onto the roof coverings for 360 min and the under deck temperature was recorded at 1 min intervals for 600 min. Tested roof coverings included gravel, growing media, coatings, and panels in the form of concrete, ceramic foam, and rubber. The results of the tests have shown data similar to that which were recorded during warm, sunny days. As expected, the highest temperatures were achieved by the uncovered and uncoated black EPDM roof assembly. The temperature of this assembly diminished almost immediately upon the removal of the heat and light source. Thicker layers of growing media and ceramic foam block did not reach the peak temperature until several hours after the heat lamps were turned off. The roof assembly covered with reflective coating showed realistic resistance to the heat and light source. This is a significant advancement in the effort to provide equitable data for all roof coverings. The test provides a standard method of collecting data for traditional roof coverings as well as emerging technology roof covering materials to evaluate a roofing assemblies’ thermal performance from solar heat gain.
Cultural Correlates of Ego-Network Closure
Authors: Lizardo Omar
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the author extends and further develops research and theory on the relationship between cultural taste and social networks by examining the effects of strength of preference in different cultural domains on the relative closure of personal networks. The results show that as the number of strong preferences held by an individual increases, so do the chances that any two of his or her personal discussion network are connected to one another. In contrast, holding a larger number of weaker preferences results in personal discussion networks characterized by the presence of “structural holes.” The author closes by pointing to the theoretical implications of these results.
Development of ZnO/Ta2O5 heterojunction using low-temperature technological processes
Authors: Baca R. , Andraca J. A. , Arellano M. G. , Paredes G. R. , Sierra R. P.
Published: September 2011

ZnO/Ta2O5 heterojunctions were formed on glass substrates using low temperature processes. Formerly insulating Ta2O5 films were deposited on glass substrates by vacuum evaporation using Ta2O5 powder, Afterwards transparent and conductive ZnO films were formed on the Ta2O5 films by thermal oxidation at 3200C in air atmosphere of zinc (Zn) films deposited by dc sputtering process. Structural and optical properties of ZnO were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL). The Ta2O5 insulating films were characterized by Raman scattering. The ZnO/Ta2O5 heterojunction was characterized by current-voltage measurements at room temperature as well as transient response under a rectangular-pulse voltage source. The electrical and the transient response suggest that the ZnO/Ta2O5 heterojunction is a potential alternative for the fabrication of alternating-current-driven thin film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) devices.
The origin of predominance of cementite among iron carbides in steel at elevated temperature
Authors: Fang C.M. , Sluiter M.H.F. , van Huis M.A. , Ande C.K. , Zandbergen H.W.
Published: September 2011

A systematic first-principles study was conducted on the stability of binary iron carbides. The calculations showed that all the binary iron carbides are unstable relative to the elemental solids (α-Fe and graphite). Apart from a cubic Fe23C6phase, the energetically most favorable carbides exhibit hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Fesublattices. Structural relaxation of the hcp iron carbides was analyzed and discussed together with their relative thermodynamically stability. Finite-temperature analysis showed that contributions from lattice vibration and anomalous magnetic ordering (Curie-Weiss behavior), rather than from the conventional lattice mismatch with the matrix, are the origin of the high stability and predominance of cementite among the iron carbides in steels.
On-site infiltration of road runoff using pervious pavements with subjacent infiltration trenches as source control strategy
Authors: Fach S. , Dierkes C.
Published: September 2011

The focus in this work was on subsoil infiltration of stormwater from parking lots. With regard to operation, reduced infiltration performance due to clogging and pollutants in seepage, which may contribute to contaminate groundwater, are of interest. The experimental investigation covered a pervious pavement with a subjacent infiltration trench draining an impervious area of 2 ha. In order to consider seasonal effects on the infiltration performance, the hydraulic conductivity was measured tri-monthly during monitoring with a mobile sprinkling unit. To assess natural deposits jointing, road bed, gravel of infiltration trenches and subsoil were analysed prior to commencement of monitoring for heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic and mineral oil type hydrocarbons. Furthermore, from 22 storm events, water samples of rainfall, surface runoff, seepage and ground water were analysed with regard to the above mentioned pollutants. The study showed that the material used for the joints had a major impact on the initial as well as the final infiltration rates. Due to its poor hydraulic conductivity, limestone gravel should not be used as jointing. Furthermore, it is recommended that materials for the infiltration facilities are ensured free of any contaminants prior to construction. Polycyclic aromatic and mineral oil type hydrocarbons were, with the exception of surface runoff, below detection limits. Heavy metal concentrations of groundwater were with the exception of lead (because of high background concentrations), below the permissible limits.
Roughing filtration as an effective pre-treatment system for high turbidity water
Authors: Khan Zahiruddin , Farooqi Rahimuddin
Published: September 2011

Effective water treatment is the prime goal of every water treatment facility. Chakwal Water Treatment Plant in Pakistan has been treating high-turbidity surface water through crude coagulation, sedimentation and slow sand filtration since the early 1980s. The process has always been tedious in terms of high coagulant dosage, large volumes of sludge and short filter runs especially after wet spells. A laboratory-scale study was conducted to see if roughing filtration, as the pre-treatment process, would help in reducing coagulant dose and sludge volume and improving effluent quality. Results indicated that up-flow rouging filtration with media grades decreasing in the direction of flow could reduce wet weather raw water turbidity (by more than 90%) and coagulant dose. Overall, the plant could save over US $54,000 annually in terms of coagulant cost only. Longer filter runs, improved product water quality leading to lower chlorine dose requirement, would be additional benefits.
The effect of drastic temperature changes on the performance of MBR treating municipal wastewater
Authors: Al-Amri Abdullah , Salim Mohd Razman , Aris Azmi
Published: September 2011

A study has been carried out to define the effect of drastic temperature changes on the performance of lab-scale hollow-fibre MBR in treating municipal wastewater at a flux of 10 L m−2 h−1 (LMH). The objectives of the study were to estimate the activated sludge properties, the removal efficiencies of COD and NH3-N and the membrane fouling tendency under critical conditions of drastic temperature changes (23, 33, 42 & 33 °C) and MLSS concentration ranged between 6,382 and 8,680 mg/L. The study exhibited that the biomass reduction, the low sludge settleability and the supernatant turbidity were results of temperature increase. The temperature increase led to increase in SMP carbohydrate and protein, and to decrease in EPS carbohydrate and protein. The BRE of COD dropped from 80% at 23 °C to 47% at 42 °C, while the FRE was relatively constant at about 90%. Both removal efficiencies of NH3-N trended from about 100% at 33 °C to less than 50% at 42 °C. TMP and BWP ascended critically with temperature increase up to 336 and 304 mbar respectively by the end of the experiment. The values of suspended solids (SS) and the turbidity in the final effluent were negligible. The DO in the mixed liquor was varying with temperature change, while the pH was within the range of 6.7–8.3.
Sorption and desorption of 17β-estradiol to natural sediment
Authors: Takigami H. , Taniguchi N. , Shimizu Y.
Published: September 2011

The sorption and desorption of 17β-estradiol (E2) to various natural sediment were investigated. First, the quantitative solvent–water partition indices were measured. Significant differences were found between the n-octanol–water partition coefficient (KOW) and the n-hexane–water partition coefficient (KHW) of E2. The value of KHW (Log KHW = 0.07) is lower than those of two to four ring polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while the value of KOW (Log KOW = 3.99) and that of organic matter–water partition coefficient (KOC) onto humic acid (Log KOC = 4.30) were similar to those of the PAHs. Five natural sediments of various characteristics and origins were selected for sorption and desorption experiments. Linear isotherms were obtained for sorption and desorption. The equilibrium partitioning coefficients of E2 were well-correlated with their values of weight fraction of organic carbon in sediments (fOC). Results suggest that E2 is sorbed mainly onto the organic portion of sediments and that its sorption coefficient can be estimated from KOW and fOC, as in the case of non-polar PAHs. However, because of its polarity, the sorption mechanism of E2 onto sediments cannot be explained solely by the hydrophobic interaction.
Effect of Ce3+ on soluble microbial products production in anaerobic granular sludge digestion
Authors: Fu Bo , Liang Rui , Xia Qing , Ding Lili , Xu Ke , Ren Hongqiang
Published: September 2011

Upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors fed on glucose were used to investigate the effects of Ce3+ on soluble microbial products (SMP) production, which is the majority of the residual chemical oxygen demand present in the effluent. It was found that Ce3+ concentration of 0.05 mg/L had no significant effect on the amount of SMP production, whereas that of 1 mg/L led to the increase in SMP production. The molecular-weight distribution and carbohydrate analysis indicated that an increase in SMP production may be partly attributed to the release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) into the bulk solution resulted from cerium toxicity, and the nucleic acids analysis suggested that increased cell lysis also contributed to SMP accumulation in the presence of Ce3+. The increase in SMP production in the presence of Ce3+ is possibly a consequence of the release of EPS and increased cell lysis due to cerium toxicity.
Vocal therapy with larynx compression after partial laryngectomy
Authors: Mumovic Gordana
Published: September 2011

The aim of the study was to establish the effects of the vocal therapy by
manual compression of the larynx on dysphonia due to a partial laryngectomy
and compare them with the effects of the standard vocal therapy. The
prospective study included 66 patients submitted to any partial laryngectomy
type. The patients were randomly classified into two groups: Group I (33)
receiving the standard vocal therapy, and Group II (33) submitted to larynx
compression vocal therapy. The 6-week vocal treatment was performed. The
treatment effects were evaluated by subjective and objective voice analysis
methods. The subjective and objective acoustic voice analysis revealed a
significant influence (p<0.05) of either of the two vocal therapy modes on
initial dysphonia. The larynx compression vocal therapy had better effects on
the acoustic parameters: habitual fundamental frequency, mean fundamental
frequency, standard deviation of fundamental frequency, maximal fundamental
frequency, harmonics-to-noise ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio.
Resistance of Escherichia coli from healthy donors and from food: An indicator of antimicrobial resistance level in the population
Authors: Jelesic Zora , Gusman Vera , Mihajlovic-Ukropina Mira , Kulauzov Marija , Medic Deana
Published: September 2011

Escherichia coli, being an important part of normal intestinal flora, is a
frequent carrier of antimicrobial drug resistance markers and food is the
most important vector of antimicrobial resistance genes between humans and
animals. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence and frequency of
resistance markers in Escherichia coli from intestinal flora and from food as
an indicator of antimicrobial resistance level in the population. The
experiment included 100 fecal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy donors,
50 isolated in 2007 and 50 in 2010, and 50 from food samples. The resistance
markers were found in all groups of isolates. The resistance to ampicillin
and cotrimoxazole was most commonly found. The finding of
multi-drug-resistant strains and resistance to ciprofloxacin is important.
The frequency of resistance markers was similar in food and feces. The
results of this study show the need to introduce systematic monitoring of
antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria.
Correlation between rapid urease test and pathohistological gastrobiopsy finding with positive immunological test in detecting Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Naumov Ivana , Fenjvesi Atila
Published: September 2011

Introduction. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that has been in the
limelight of gastroenterologists and oncologists worldwide since its
immediate effect on the development of gastritis, ulcer disease,
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer was proved. The
aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the positive
immunological test, rapid urease test and pathohistological finding in
detecting Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa. Material and
Methods. This retrospective study included 250 endoscopic findings of
subjects having undergone endoscopy in the first half of 2010 at the Ward of
Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Diseases, Hospital in Senta. The
endoscopy procedure was performed by Fujinon endoscopes and the fast urease
test was done by the Cambridge Life Science set from England. The
immunological test was carried out by the Vidas apparatus applying the
Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) technique and the staining for the
pathohistological analysis was done by the modified Giemsa method. Results.
The paper presents the results obtained by endoscopic examination of a group
of 250 patients performed at the Ward of Gastroenterology, Department of
Internal Diseases, Hospital in Senta. The endoscopic findings were the first
to be analyzed then the rapid urease test findings, which showed that 95
(38%) patients were positive and 155 (62%) patients were negative; whereas
the immunologic test for Helicobacter pylori was positive in all 250 patients
(100%). The histological test for Helicobacter-Like Organism was positive in
105 subjects (42%), whereas it was negative in 145 patients, that being 58%
of all the cases. Sensitivity, specificity and predictability of the
serological test and the rapid urease test were calculated according to the
pathohistological finding as the ?gold standard? and they were found to be:
sensitivity 100% and specificity 0% for the serological test and sensitivity
90% and specificity 100% for the rapid urease test. The immunologic test was
not correlated with other findings, and there was a high level of correlation
between the rapid urease test and histological test (r=0.927589261). The
t-test was calculated to be 36.16513; p=0.0001; that indicating that the
correlation coefficient was statistically significant (p>0.01). Discussion.
The obtained results were compared with the data found in the available
literature sources. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the most competent
technique for the optimal diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection is the
invasive one with the pathohistological examination of bioptates together
with the rapid urease test.
Thermal diffusivity measurement of insulating material using infrared thermography
Authors: Chudzik S.
Published: September 2011

The article presents the results of research developing methods for determining the coefficient of thermal diffusivity of thermal insulating material. This method applies a periodic heating as an excitation and an infrared camera is used to measure the temperature distribution on the surface of tested material. In simulation study, the usefulness of known analytical solution of the inverse problem was examined using a three-dimensional model of the phenomenon of heat diffusion in the sample of tested material. To solve the coefficient inverse problem, an approach using artificial neural network is proposed. The measurements were performed on an experimental setup equipped with a ThermaCAM PM 595 infrared camera and frame grabber. The experiment allowed to verify the chosen 3D model of heat diffusion phenomenon and to determine suitability of the proposed test method.
Liquid crystal alignment in cylindrical microcapillaries
Authors: Chychłowski M. , Yaroshchuk O. , Kravchuk R. , Woliński T.
Published: September 2011

A variety of alignment configurations of liquid crystals (LCs) inside the glassy cylindrical capillaries is realized by using alignment materials providing different anchoring. The radial configuration with central disclination line is obtained for homeotropic boundary conditions. In turn, the axial, transversal and tilted alignment structures are realized by using materials for planar anchoring. The uniformity and controlling of the latter structures were provided by photoalignment method. This approach can be further used to control LC alignment in the photonic crystal fibers recognized as advanced elements for different optical devices.
Partitioning between “wedge-top” river- and wave-dominated successions: an example from the late Tortonian — early Messinian Terravecchia Formation (NW Sicily)
Authors: Gugliotta Calogero
Published: September 2011

Detailed field sedimentological and facies analyses have been performed in the Terravecchia Formation cropping out in NW Sicily, in order to differentiate and describe, for the first time, wave- and river-dominated shallow-marine (deltaic) siliciclastic successions. The latter were deposited filling syntectonic basins, developed between the late Tortonian and early Messinian time, within the wedge-top depozone of the Sicilian Foreland Basin System. It has been observed that river-dominated successions, recording the deposition of small fan-deltas are characterized by fining- to coarsening upward, transgressive-regressive sequences which were mostly deposited filling relatively narrow and often oversupplied basins. These basins were probably located in a proximal sector of the wedge-top depozone, closer to emergent sectors of the chain and probably sheltered from the main marine areas. Wavedominated successions, on the other hand, are characterized by upward fining, mostly transgressive sequences which were deposited filling wider basins open to major marine regions and located in a more distal position of the wedge-top depozone. The documented partitioning between river- and wave-dominated successions, as a function of the position of the sedimentary basin within the wedge-top depozone, is coherent with data from analyses of the deformational patterns of the Terravecchia Formation in this study area. Furthermore, the data here presented could be considered as a preliminary database for future characterization and analysis of siliciclastic reservoirs from Sicilian outcrop analogues.
Tracing depositional consequences of environmental radionuclides (137Cs and 210Pb) in Slovenian forest soils
Authors: Fujiyoshi Ryoko , Yamaguchi Takayuki , Takekoshi Naoki , Okamoto Kazumasa , Sumiyoshi Takashi , Kobal Ivan , Vaupotič Janja
Published: September 2011

Depth distribution profiles of environmental radionuclides (137Cs and 210Pb) have been investigated in soil to elucidate the underlying environment of semi-natural temperate deciduous and/or coniferous forest soils in Slovenia (Žirovski vrh, Idrija, Kočevski Rog, Pohorie, Gorišnica and Rakitna). Surface enrichment of both nuclides was observed at all the sites investigated in this study, suggesting that the soils had undergone little natural or anthropogenic disturbance for at least the last several decades. Apparent annual burial rates of 137Cs (0.1–0.2 cm y−−1) were estimated to be about 1.3 times higher than those of 210Pb at individual sites of different lithology, which suggests strong affinity of 210Pb to soil organic matter. Variability of the vertical distribution profiles of these nuclides depends not only on “in situ” pedology but also on geographical and meteorological conditions, especially precipitation and wind direction.
U-Pb ID-TIMS age of the Tiksheozero carbonatite: expression of 2.0 Ga alkaline magmatism in Karelia, Russia
Authors: Corfu Fernando , Bayanova Tamara , Shchiptsov Vladimir , Frantz Natalia
Published: September 2011

The Tiksheozero carbonatite in northern Russian Karelia is a transitional type between alkaline ultramafic — carbonatitic and alkaline gabbroic suites. The complex is dominated by pyroxenite with a variety of subordinate mafic and ultramafic phases and nepheline syenite. Carbonatite occurs in a main central body and in veins. In this study we have obtained a reliable age for the complex by single grain ID-TIMS U-Pb analyses of zircon and baddeleyite. The age of 1999 ± 5 Ma is important because it places the emplacement of the alkaline complexes in the context of craton-wide extension and break-up events which preceded the initiation of a major Paleoproterozoic orogenic cycle. The Paleoproterozoic age also emphasizes the fact that not all members of the Kola alkaline province are of Paleozoic age.
Galactic Cosmic Ray Modulation Up to Recent Solar Cycles
Authors: Agarwal R. , Mishra R.
Published: September 2011

Galactic Cosmic Ray Modulation Up to Recent Solar Cycles

Cosmic ray neutron monitor counts obtained by different ground-based detectors have been used to study the galactic cosmic ray modulation during the last four solar activity cycles. Since long, systematic correlative studies have been per-formed to establish a significant relationship between the cosmic ray intensity and different helio-spheric activity parameters, and the study is extended to a recent solar cycle (23). In the present work, the yearly average of 10.7 cm solar radio flux and the interplanetary magnetic field strength (IMF, B) have been used to find correlation of the yearly average cosmic ray intensity derived from different neutron monitors. It is found that for four solar cycles (20-23) the cosmic ray intensity is anti-correlated with the 10.7 cm solar radio flux and the IMF, B value with some discrepancy. However, this is in a good positive correlation with the flux of mentioned wavelength for four different solar cycles. The IMF, B shows a weak correlation with cosmic rays for solar cycle 20, and a good anti-correlation for solar cycles 21-23.
Precise computation of the direct and indirect topographic effects of Helmert's 2nd method of condensation using SRTM30 digital elevation model
Authors: Wang Y.
Published: September 2011

Precise computation of the direct and indirect topographic effects of Helmert's 2nd method of condensation using SRTM30 digital elevation model

The direct topographic effect (DTE) and indirect topographic effect (ITE) of Helmert's 2nd method of condensation are computed using the digital elevation model (DEM) SRTM30 in 30 arc-seconds globally. The computations assume a constant density of the topographic masses. Closed formulas are used in the inner zone of half degree, and Nagy's formulas are used in the innermost column to treat the singularity of integrals. To speed up the computations, 1-dimensional fast Fourier transform (1D FFT) is applied in outer zone computations. The computation accuracy is limited to 0.1 mGal and 0.1cm for the direct and indirect effect, respectively.

The mean value and standard deviation of the DTE are -0.8 and ±7.6 mGal over land areas. The extreme value -274.3 mGal is located at latitude -13.579° and longitude 289.496°, at the height of 1426 meter in the Andes Mountains. The ITE is negative everywhere and has its minimum of -235.9 cm at the peak of Himalayas (8685 meter). The standard deviation and mean value over land areas are ±15.6 cm and -6.4 cm, respectively. Because the Stokes kernel does not contain the zero and first degree spherical harmonics, the mean value of the ITE can't be compensated through the remove-restore procedure under the Stokes-Helmert scheme, and careful treatment of the mean value in the ITE is required.
Number of Points for Roundness Measurement - Measured Results Comparison
Authors: Görög Augustín
Published: September 2011

Number of Points for Roundness Measurement - Measured Results Comparison

Paper deals with filtering roundness. It presents experimental results measured for roundness turning and cylindrical grinding. Roundness was measured using Prismo Navigator 5 coordinate measuring machine. Evaluation was done by four methods: Minimum zone reference circles (MZCI), Least squares reference circle (LSCI), Minimum circumscribed reference circle (MCCI) and Maximum inscribed reference circle (MICI). The filters used were: Gauss, Spline and no filter.
Did the NFL Lockout Expose the Achilles Heel of Competitive Sports?
Authors: Myer Gregory D. , Faigenbaum Avery D. , Cherny Chad E. , Heidt Robert S. , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: September 2011

Over the past few months we have been afforded a unique opportunity to evaluate injury rate data prior to, during, and following the historical aberration created by the recent National Football League (NFL) Lockout. During this period (March 11th to July 25th, 2011), professional football players underwent an uncommon offseason, without the normal access to their team's healthcare providers, strength and conditioning professionals, and high-level coaches. With limited access to these professionals and an absence of the structured preseason preparatory conditioning normally progressed over a 14-week period between May and July, we had a unique window of opportunity to evaluate the effects of an alarmingly rapid transition from the start of training camp, which took place 2 days after the end of the Lockout, to the initiation of preseason competition. A glimpse at early data, limited to Achilles tendon injuries, is cause for concern due to an unprecedented number of Achilles tendon ruptures in training camp and the beginning of preseason.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):702–705. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0107
What I've Learned about Revising a Dissertation
Authors: Mulholland James
Published: September 2011

The structural changes in higher education and scholarly publishing have raised new questions about the usefulness of the dissertation as precursor to scholarly publication. This essay reconsiders the process of turning a dissertation into a book manuscript. Recent manuals about dissertation writing like From Dissertation to Book and Revising Your Dissertation are helpful but often provide overly broad conceptualizations about how to assess a dissertation and revise it into a book. Likewise, academics tend to describe the revision process in conceptual terms by focusing on too impressionistic ways of distinguishing the difference between a dissertation and a book. In addition, they spend surprisingly little time discussing the methods and techniques of writing and revision that authors actually use. Drawing from my own recent experience as an example, I offer practical advice as well as theoretical reflections on the research and writing process by which dissertations can become book manuscripts.
The Scholarly Book Review in the Humanities
Authors: East John W.
Published: September 2011

This article examines the status of the book review as a form of scholarly publication in the humanities, looking at the role and characteristics of humanities book reviews and at who writes them and why. It examines evidence for the influence and impact of book reviews in the humanities and makes suggestions for the future of the scholarly book review in an online information environment.
Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) in the Diagnosis of Falciparum Malaria
Authors: Hossain R
Published: September 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i1.8615 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 7, No 1 (June) 2011; 1
Curriculum for Tomorrow's Doctors
Authors: Mollik MJH , Habib MA
Published: September 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i1.8616 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 7, No 1 (June) 2011; 2-3
Effect of Addition of Dexamethasone to Local Anaesthetics in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Islam SM , Hossain MHMD , Maruf AA
Published: September 2011

Introduction: Many-a-time local anaesthesia appears as a very effective alternative of general one. Different additives have been used to prolong regional blockade. Objective: This prospective study designed to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone added to local anaesthetics on the onset and duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Methods: Sixty adult patients undergoing various orthopaedic surgeries on forearm and around the elbow under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were selected and divided into 2 groups of 30 each. In group-A patients received 35 ml of mixture of lignocaine 2%, bupivacaine 0.5% while in group-B patients received the same amount of local anaesthetics with dexamethasone (8 mg). The onset of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia in two groups were compared and development of complications were observed. Result: The two groups were comparable in demographic data. The mean onset time of sensory block was 11.64±2.19 minutes in group A and 9.89±1.97 minutes in group B and difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Onset of motor block was 13.32±0.98 minutes in group A and 11.09±1.28 minutes in group B and difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was markedly prolonged duration of analgesia in group-B, 11.87± 0.53 hours compared to group-A, 3.43±0.49 hours. The result was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Both the groups had high success rate (>90%). The incidence of complication was low in both the groups. Conclusion: Addition of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to local anaesthetics in brachial plexus block results in significantly early onset and markedly prolonged duration of analgesia without any unwanted effects. Key words: Supraclavicular block; analgesia; local anaesthetics; dexamethasone DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i1.8619 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 7, No 1 (June) 2011; 11-14
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Neonate: Experience in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Khan SE , Siddiq AKMZ , Nessa M
Published: September 2011

Introduction: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the major surgical causes of respiratory distress in neonates. Reported survival averages 60% but may be significantly lower. Pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypoplasia are recognised as two corner stones of the pathophysiology of CDH. Objective: Objective of the study was to evaluate the outcome of this birth defect in Bangladesh situation. Method: This retrospective study was carried out at the Department of Paediatric Surgery of Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka over a period of five years. During this period a total of 8 neonates of CDH were admitted in this hospital. All the data were collected from record sheet and were compiled. Result: Age of patients ranged from 1 day to 20 days. Out of 8 neonates 5 (62.50%) were male and 3 (37.50%) were female. All patients were diagnosed postnatally. All the 8 neonates had Bochdalek type of CDH. Seven patients (87.50%) had left sided hernia. Two patients (25%) died before operation in the stabilization phase while on ventilator and 6 (75%) were operated. Out of these 6 patients, 5 (left sided) were operated through abdominal route and 1 (right sided) was approached through thorax. Overall outcome was satisfactory in 5 neonates and one died. Conclusion: Early intervention can result good prognosis in CDH. Key words: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; neonate; Bochdalek type DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i1.8623 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 7, No 1 (June) 2011; 28-30
Primary Hydatid Cyst of Kidney
Authors: Ahmed SS , Islam SMJ , Baqui MN , Huda M , Ali SM
Published: September 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i1.8626 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 7, No 1 (June) 2011; 41-42