bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINC01234 Accelerates the Progression of Breast Cancer via the miR-525-5p/Cold Shock Domain-Containing E1 Axis
Authors: Yu Jia , Zhang Xinxin , He Rongfang , Yang Xiaoyan , Hu Juan , Tan Fang , Yao Jinyu , Lei Xiaoyong , Wen Gebo
Published: July 2022

Backgrounds. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are strongly associated with the development of breast cancer (BC). As yet, the function of LINC01234 in BC remains unknown. Methods. Using biological information, the potential lncRNA, miRNA, and target gene were predicted. LINC01234 and miR-525-5p expression in BC tissues was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to determine the distribution of LINC01234. Cell proliferation was analyzed using CCK-8 assay, colony formation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, and apoptosis evaluated using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression. Dual-luciferase® reporter, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to analyze the binding relationships among LINC01234, miR-525-5p, and cold shock domain-containing E1 (CSDE1). Results. We screened out LINC01234, found to be significantly increased in BC tissues, associated with a poor prognosis, and positively correlated with tumor size of BC. Knockdown of LINC01234 suppressed BC cell growth and facilitated apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter®, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that LINC01234 and CSDE1 directly interacted with miR-525-5p. Upregulation of miR-525-5p and suppression of CSDE1 inhibited BC cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. Conclusion. Upregulation of LINC01234 contributes to the development of BC through the miR-525-5p/CSDE1 axis. LINC01234 may be one of the potential diagnostic and treatment targets for BC.
Detecting Unknown Threat Based on Continuous-Time Dynamic Heterogeneous Graph Network
Authors: Gao Peng , Yang Weiyong , Zhang Haotian , Wei Xingshen , Huang Hao , Luo Wang , Guo Zhimin , Hao Yunhe
Published: July 2022

Unknown threats have caused severe damage in critical infrastructures. To solve this issue, the graph-based methods have been proposed because of their ability for learning complex interaction patterns of network entities with discrete graph snapshots. However, such methods are challenged by the computer networking model characterized by the natural continuous-time dynamic heterogeneous graph (CDHG). In this paper, we propose a CDHG-based graph neural network model, namely, CDHGN, for unknown threat detection. It first constructs the CDHG using interaction relationships among network entities extracted from various log records. Then, it trains the detection model based on a heterogeneous attention network and performs streaming detection for live online network events. We implement a prototype and conduct extensive experiments on a comprehensive cybersecurity dataset with more than nine million records. Experimental result shows that the proposed method can achieve superior detection performance than the state-of-the-art methods.
Micro/Nanostructures for Light Trapping in Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Huan , Du YuXuan , Yin XingTian , Bai MinYu , Liu WeiGuo
Published: July 2022

Due to the ongoing depletion of fossil energy, alternative energy‐sources and their respective conversion technologies have become very essential. An inexhaustible and clean energy form, which is already widely used, is solar energy. However, despite much progress in recent decades, due to the limitations of materials and manufacturing technology, the ability of solar cells to convert light into electrical energy is still not very high. Enhancing light absorption and reducing electric loss are the keys to improving the overall conversion efficiency of solar cells and reducing raw material costs. The former can be achieved by using micro/nanostructures and other surface features, while the latter can be realized by surface passivation. Researchers have developed different silicon‐surface texturing methods to fabricate random or periodic micro/nanostructures on the surface of silicon wafers. Thanks to the special and efficient light‐trapping effects of silicon micro/nanostructures, both full angle and wideband light absorption can be achieved. Different passivation methods and materials have also been widely studied, which helps to improve the surface recombination of photogenerated carriers caused by light trapping structure and significantly enhance the power conversion efficiency of Si solar cells. In this work, theoretical studies of enhanced light‐trapping in micro/nanostructures are introduced. In addition, several advanced methods for preparing micro/nanostructures on the surface of monocrystalline silicon are discussed. These can be classified as top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. Furthermore, passivation methods for micro/nanostructures on the surface of monocrystalline silicon solar cells are reviewed, including chemical passivation and field‐effect passivation. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of the micro/nanostructure preparation technologies, and light‐trapping effects of the micro/nanostructures, which were fabricated using these manufacturing technologies were summarized. Moreover, the effects of different passivation technologies on the optical properties and electrical properties of these micro/nanostructures are studied. An outlook of expected and emerging research directions for monocrystalline silicon solar cells concludes this study.
The Development of Leisure Sports in Big Cities in China from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization
Authors: Cao Guifang , Ngo Thanh Dat
Published: July 2022

Leisure sports is a combination of leisure and sports. Urban leisure sports are the instinctive needs of urban residents to cope with the “urban disease.” It caters to the current urban value demands of optimizing residents’ lives and conforms to the development of “Better City, Better Life” trend. This article comprehensively uses literature research, comparative research, system analysis, questionnaire surveys, and case studies to explore the relevant theories of urban leisure sports. Taking Xi’an as an example, we carry out a practical survey of urban leisure sports, including the expression of needs and behaviors of urban residents’ restrictions, feedback on the supply of urban leisure sports, and analysis of its existing problems. Investigation results show that ecological civilization and the development of urban leisure sports are an interactive process. Ecological civilization is the external thrust of the vigorous development of urban leisure sports, and leisure sports is a means of ecological civilization construction. “For good health” is the primary factor that stimulates people’s leisure sports behaviors. Among the restrictions that affect urban residents’ participation in leisure sports, lack of partners is the main interpersonal restriction. The current development of urban leisure sports is faced with problems such as the squeeze of urban life and ecological space, poor air quality, lack of leisure sports facilities, insufficient opening of leisure sports resources, and insufficient guarantees for leisure sports funds. It is recommended to optimize the urban “production, living, and ecological” spatial layout and continuously extend the urban leisure and sports space through the organic renewal of urban space, spatial reuse, and rational development of vertical space. On the basis of understanding the laws of urban development, the exploration of the laws of the development of urban leisure sports must coordinate with the development of urban ecology, economy, and culture.
TBXAS1 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with the Risk of Ischemic Stroke of Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Han Population
Authors: Peng Jie , Lu Fanghong , Zhong Ming , Zhao Yingxin , Wang Zhihao , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2022

Objective. To investigate the association between thromboxane A synthase 1 (TBXAS1) gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome (MS) and explore whether gene polymorphism could act as biomarkers in MS and its components or whether it could play a role in MS-related damage. Methods. A total of 3072 eligible subjects were obtained, of which 1079 cases were controls and 1993 cases were MS patients. Subjects were followed up for 5 years, and the endpoint were recorded. The gene polymorphism of TBXAS1 was detected by using the Sequenom MassArray method. Results. Significant differences were observed in ischemic stroke and NC_000007.14: g.139985896C>T (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of ischemic stroke was significantly higher in T allele carriers than in C (

P
<
0.05

). C allele was the protective factor of the onset of ischemic stroke. There were negative interactions between C allele and waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Conclusion. These findings suggest that NC_000007.14: g.139985896C>T was related to the incidence of ischemic stroke in the whole and MS population, and individuals who carry the C allele have a reduced risk of ischemic stroke, which may be used as a promising biomarker of disease risk in patients with MS.
Identification and Validation of a Novel Prognostic Gene Model for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Meng Yan , Zhou Rulin , Lin Zhizhao , Peng Qun , Ding Jian , Huang Mei , Li Yiwen , Guo Xuxue , Zhuang Kangmin
Published: July 2022

Aims. Colon cancer (CRC), with high morbidity and mortality, is a common and highly malignant cancer, which always has a bad prognosis. So it is urgent to employ a reasonable manner to assess the prognosis of patients. We developed and validated a gene model for predicting CRC risk. Methods. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to extract the gene expression profiles of CRC patients (

N
=
181

) from GEO to identify genes that were differentially expressed between CRC patients and controls and then stable signature genes by firstly using both robust likelihood-based modeling with 1000 iterations and random survival forest variable hunting algorithms. Cluster analysis using the longest distance method was drawn out, and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis was used to compare the clusters. Meanwhile, the risk score was evaluated in three independent datasets including the GEO and Illumina HiSeq sequencing platforms. The corresponding risk index was calculated, and samples were clustered into high- and low-risk groups according to the median. And survival ROC analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic model. Finally, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed for further functional enrichment analyses. Results. A 10-gene model was obtained, including 7 negative impact factors (SLC39A14, AACS, ERP29, LAMP3, TMEM106C, TMED2, and SLC25A3) and 3 positive ones (CNPY2, GRB10, and PBK), which related with several important oncogenic pathways (KRAS signaling, TNF-α signaling pathway, and WNT signaling pathway) and several cancer-related cellular processes (epithelial mesenchymal transition and cellular apoptosis). By using colon cancer datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the model was validated in KM survival analysis (

P
≤
0.001

) and significant analysis with recurrence time (

P
=
0.0018

). Conclusions. This study firstly developed a stable and effective 10-gene model by using novel combined methods, and CRC patients might be able to use it as a prognostic marker for predicting their survival and monitoring their long-term treatment.
The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Score and Cancer Risk: A Longitudinal Analysis in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Korn Ariella R. , Reedy Jill , Brockton Nigel T. , Kahle Lisa L. , Mitrou Panagiota , Shams-White Marissa M.
Published: July 2022

Background:

We examined associations between adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations using the standardized 2018 WCRF/AICR Score and cancer risk among older U.S. adults.

Methods:

Participants included 215,102 adults in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study followed between 2004 and 2011 (mean 7.0 person-years). Scores (range: 0–7 points) were calculated from self-reported weight, physical activity, and diet and alcohol intake measures. Outcomes included 17 cancers reviewed by WCRF/AICR (cases: male n = 11,066; female n = 8,865) and top three U.S. cancers in males (total n = 4,658; lung n = 2,211; prostate n = 920; colorectal n = 1,527) and females (total n = 5,957; lung n = 1,475; post-menopausal breast n = 3,546; colorectal n = 936). Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for score and cancer risk associations, stratifying by sex and smoking status.

Results:

Each one-point score increase was associated with 6% to 13% reduced cancer risk across combined outcomes, except for male never smokers’ risk for top three cancers and male current smokers’ risk for both combined cancer outcomes. Higher scores were associated with decreased lung cancer risk only among male former smokers (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79–0.89) and female current smokers (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82–0.96). Higher scores were associated with 7% to 19% decreased breast cancer risk across smoking strata and 10% to 14% decreased colorectal cancer risk among male and female never and former smokers.

Conclusions:

Greater recommendations adherence was associated with reduced cancer risk.

Impact:

Findings emphasize the importance of considering combined contributions of multiple lifestyle factors for cancer prevention among older adults and the potential modifying role of smoking history.
Comparative Oncology Assessment of a Novel Inhibitor of Valosin-Containing Protein in Tumor-Bearing Dogs
Authors: LeBlanc Amy K. , Mazcko Christina N. , Fan Timothy M. , Vail David M. , Flesner Brian K. , Bryan Jeffrey N. , Li Shan , Wang Feng , Harris Scott , Vargas Jesse D. , Govindharajulu Jeevan P. , Jaganathan Soumya , Tomaino Francesca , Srivastava Apurva K. , Chou Tsui-Fen , Stott Gordon M. , Covey Joseph M. , Mroczkowski Barbara , Doroshow James H.
Published: July 2022

Pet dogs with naturally occurring cancers play an important role in studies of cancer biology and drug development. We assessed tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships with a first-in-class small molecule inhibitor of valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), CB-5339, administered to 24 tumor-bearing pet dogs. Tumor types assessed included solid malignancies, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. Through a stepwise dose and schedule escalation schema, we determined the maximum tolerated dose to be 7.5 mg/kg when administered orally on a 4 days on, 3 days off schedule per week for 3 consecutive weeks. Adverse events were minimal and mainly related to the gastrointestinal system. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data suggest a relationship between exposure and modulation of targets related to induction of the unfolded protein response, but not to tolerability of the agent. An efficacy signal was detected in 33% (2/6) of dogs with multiple myeloma, consistent with a mechanism of action relating to induction of proteotoxic stress in a tumor type with abundant protein production. Clinical trials of CB-5339 in humans with acute myelogenous leukemia and multiple myeloma are ongoing.
Relationship between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Adverse Effects in Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Deng Dawei , Zhang Rongzhi , Yi Jing , Dong Jianli , Sha Liyan
Published: July 2022

Background: Currently, the interaction between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and their effects on hemodialysis (HD) patients has not been clarified. Objectives: Here, we aimed to explore the association between PPIs and adverse outcomes in HD patients. Methods: A search was performed on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published up to April 10, 2022. Studies examining the association (odds ratio [OR]) between PPIs and side effects were identified. The study followed guidelines prescribed in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021291177). Results: A total of 12 studies comprising 4,227,497 HD patients with PPIs were identified. Results showed that PPI use was associated with an increased risk of bone fracture and hip fracture in the HD patients (pooled OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.21–1.37, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%; pooled OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.12–1.67, p = 0.002, I2 = 82%). Besides, HD patients who received PPIs were more likely to develop hypomagnesemia compared with those who did not receive PPIs (pooled OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.95–4.00, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%). In addition, PPIs use was linked to abdominal aortic calcification and all-cause mortality (pooled OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.28–3.24, p = 0.003, I2 = 0%) (pooled OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.17–1.78, p = 0.0006, I2 = 0%). Conclusions: Taken together, the present results demonstrate that PPIs use in HD patients is independently associated with adverse reactions such as hip fracture, hypomagnesemia, abdominal aortic calcification, and all-cause mortality. Thus, the use of PPIs in HD patients should be carefully evaluated and optimized.
Negative impacts of the administration of hydroxycloroquine and anticoagulant in patients with SARS-COV-2 infection: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fernandes Matheus Henrique , Oliveira Matheus Rodrigues de , Zielke Filho Alfredo Herbert , Gomes Clóvis José Torres , Oliveira Lucyara Martins , Araújo Frederico Palumbo , Rodrigues Sofia Mirela Schreier , Andrade Karine Paiva de , Muniz Ana Clara Beraldo , Teixeira Gabriel Prado Leão , Castilho Junior Guilherme Tadeu Tucci , Maiolini Mariana Gazzinelli , Hueb Camilla Kallás , Silva Elisa Rosa , Correa Paula Fernanda , Maia Marcella Nora , Magalhães Maria Eugênia Sousa , Dias Laís Boczar , Rodrigues Pedro Augusto Schreier , Melo José Renato de , Pontes Breno César Diniz , Maia Paulo Roberto , Beraldo Sérgio Rodrigo , Silva Neto José Dias da
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To evaluate antimalarial with or without anticoagulant treatment, in patients with recent SARS-COV-2 infection. Methods: Clinical study carried out at Samuel Libânio Clinic Hospital, University of Vale do Sapucaí, Pouso Alegre-MG. Approved by the Ethics Committee (4.034.077) and registered in the Clinical Trials (NCT04788355). Suspected patients for COVID-19 were included in the emergency room. The groups were: C (control) with 6 patients, A (anticoagulant apixaban) with 9 patients, H (hydroxychloroquine) with 5 patients and HA (hydroxychloroquine and anticoagulant apixaban) with 8 patients. Results: there were no significant differences between groups. The HA group, in which there was an intervention with two drugs, presented a greater number of days with symptoms (p = 0.037) and worse results, when compared to the control: most relevant symptoms, were: cough (p = 0.001), and anosmia / ageusia (p = 0.011) headache (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The present study began when there were doubts about the use of drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and apixaban (APX). The reduced “n” was defined through bureaucratic and polemic issues independent of the authors’ actions. No clinical benefit was associated with HCQ and APX. There was an increase in the number of symptomatic days when HCQ and APX were administered. Despite the limitations, there was no therapeutic indication of the evaluated drugs.
A experiência da Unifesp Baixada Santista na Educação Interprofissional
Authors: Chriguer Rosângela Soares
Published: July 2022

A Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) campus da Baixada Santista é uma instituição de ensino brasileira que apresenta experiência relevante no processo de implementação da Educação Interprofissional (EIP). Há aproximadamente 15 anos esta universidade vem investindo em mudanças no seu projeto pedagógico com a intencionalidade de incorporar a EIP na perspectiva da integralidade do cuidado, consoante as diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A prática profissional; a interdisciplinaridade; a interprofissionalidade; a postura ativa do estudante na construção de conhecimento; a postura mediadora do docente no processo de ensino- aprendizagem; a integração com a comunidade; a aprendizagem colaborativa; o ensino, pesquisa e extensão; a mobilidade acadêmica; o desenvolvimento docente; a dinamicidade do plano pedagógico constituem-se os marcos orientadores para o êxito da Unifesp Baixada Santista no tema da EIP. Diante disso, este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar a experiência desta universidade no processo de implementação da EIP em seu projeto pedagógico. Fundamentada em evidências científicas, a Unifesp Baixada Santista avança na implementação da EIP nos desenhos curriculares dos cursos de Educação Física, Fisioterapia, Nutrição, Psicologia, Terapia Ocupacional e Serviço Social, por já ter alcançado efeitos promissores no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos estudantes, bem como na formação docente e no trabalho em saúde, em direção a uma prática mais colaborativa e interprofissional. Sistematizado em quatro eixos de formação, o currículo dos cursos da saúde desta instituição demonstra claramente a intencionalidade da aplicação da EIP e identifica no PET- Saúde/Interprofissionalidade um importante programa para apoiá-la neste processo. A Unifesp Baixada Santista reconhece que há desafios nesta experiência, como o desenvolvimento docente, a organização do estágio curricular interprofissional e o envolvimento dos gestores, dos municípios e do apoio e da integração institucional.
A educação interprofissional como estratégia de reorientação do modelo de atenção e de saúde no Brasil: contribuições do PET-Saúde
Authors: Parreira Clelia Maria de Sousa Ferreira
Published: July 2022

Nos últimos 20 anos as instituições formadoras brasileiras foram convocadas mais intensamente a participarem de iniciativas para as mudanças na qualificação do profissional de saúde, com vistas a promoverem maior preparo para atuação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Mais recentemente, no ano de 2018, o Ministério da Saúde lançou a nona edição do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) com foco na interprofissionalidade. O PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade se beneficiou de influências das iniciativas históricas das mudanças no modelo de formação do Brasil. A abordagem interprofissional ganhou maior robustez no âmbito das instituições formadoras e na rede de atenção à saúde a partir desta edição do programa, o que evidenciou a necessidade de investimentos em outras áreas, como a formação de professores, o desenvolvimento da comunicação efetiva entre os profissionais e o maior estímulo ao ensino em comunidade de prática. Este trabalho expõe importantes avanços do Brasil no tema da Educação Interprofissonal (EIP) como estratégia de reorientação de seu modelo de atenção e de saúde. Por outro lado, sinaliza que é preciso estabelecer profundas mudanças na formação e na atenção à saúde, de modo a garantir que o PET-Saúde alcance seus propósitos, oportunizando refletir que para pensar o trabalho, conforme as reais necessidades em saúde, é preciso pensar na formação, igualmente tão necessária. Conclui-se que o PET- Saúde/Interprofissionalidade é um possível caminho para reorientar o modelo de formação e de trabalho em saúde no Brasil.
The Problem of Restrictive Thrombectomy Trial Eligibility Criteria
Authors: Nguyen Thanh N. , Raymond Jean , Nogueira Raul G. , Fischer Urs , Siegler James E.
Published: July 2022

Since 2015, a series of endovascular trials transformed the management of patients with large vessel occlusion stroke. Most thrombectomy trials used restrictive eligibility criteria to optimize the chances of showing that thrombectomy could work. The problem arises when generalizing trial results into evidence-based recommendations. Many organizations, oblivious of this problem, translated verbatim restrictive trial eligibility criteria into authoritative guidelines, which limit the use of thrombectomy to highly selected patients. The clinical problem becomes as follows: what to do for all other stroke patients equally in need of care? The cycle of restrictive trial eligibility criteria, corresponding restrictive guidelines, observational studies of unvalidated practices showing other patients benefit, a new trial is needed, has been repeated often. Thrombectomy trials ought to have included all patients that could potentially benefit. If the signal that was looked for by restricting eligibility is at risk of being lost in the noise generated by the heterogeneity of patients, D. Sackett proposed a solution: to use the same criteria, not to select some patients and exclude others but to prespecify the subgroup of patients most likely to benefit. In this commentary, we propose a tiered approach, where the boundaries of treatment beneficiaries can be more rigorously tested and confirmed. Identification of these patients before the development of guidelines, which would have otherwise neglected these individuals, may open innumerable treatment opportunities to those who will instead be denied of them.
Weapons of Mass Destruction and Islam: Applying the Šarīʿa in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Cigar Norman
Published: July 2022

This is a study of a legal treatise by ʿĀdil ʿAwaḍ, published by Umm al-Qurā University in Mecca, a scholarly attempt to deal with the legality and ethics of Weapons of Mass Destruction (wmd) from the perspective of the šarīʿa. Saudi Arabia offers a relevant real-world case study, given the continuing importance of Islam in its socio-political system and the indications that Riyadh is considering the acquisition of nuclear weapons. ʿAwaḍ addresses the moral and legal – and essentially religiously-based, although mingled with Realpolitik – considerations pertinent to acquiring and potentially using wmd, especially nuclear weapons, and he addresses issues such as deterrence, first-strike capability, the parameters of targeting, and proportionality. This study engages an actual player, rather than limiting the approach to a theoretical perspective and to positing how Muslims could or should think, and concludes that the findings in ʿAwaḍ’s treatise legitimize and contribute to the proliferation and use of wmd.
Grismadox elsneri sp. nov.—a new species of ant-resembling sac spider from the Bolivian orocline, with indirect evidence of species-specific mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)
Authors: PERGER ROBERT , RUBIO GONZALO D. , PETT BROGAN L.
Published: July 2022

A new species of ant-resembling sac spider of the subfamily Castianeirinae, Grismadox elsneri sp. nov., is described from the Sub-Andean area of the Bolivian orocline. The species was collected from savanna grass along the edges of the Chiquitano forest and is a putative mimic of the carpenter ants Camponotus cf. crassus or C. cf. blandus.
A new species of Procanace Hendel from the Philippines (Diptera: Canacidae: Canacinae)
Authors: MUNARI LORENZO
Published: July 2022

A new species of surf flies (Canacidae: Canacinae) is described and illustrated based on four specimens (1 ♂, 3 ♀) collected by Dr. Amnon Freidberg in the Philippines. Some peculiarities of the postabdominal structures, especially those of the male terminalia, suggest a fairly close affinity with two other congeneric species, namely Procanace townesi Wirth, 1951, and P. cogani Mathis, 1988, having a disjointed distribution, Marshall Islands and Seychelles, respectively. It is further suggested that these affinities should arguably be regarded as synapomorphic character states in the groundplan of the genus.
Developing a Climate Prediction System over Southwest China Using the 8-km Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model: System Design, Model Calibration, and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Yu Entao , Ma Jiehua , Sun Jianqi
Published: July 2022

A high-resolution, short-term climate prediction system for summer (June–July–August) climate over Southwest China has been developed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model nested with a global climate prediction system (PCCSM4). The system includes 12 ensemble members generated by PCCSM4 with different initial conditions, and the finest horizontal resolution of WRF is 8 km. This study evaluates the ability of the WRF Model to predict summer climate over Southwest China, focusing on the system design, model tuning, and evaluation of baseline model performance. Sensitivity simulations are first conducted to provide the optimal model configuration, and the model performance is evaluated against available observational data using reforecast simulations for 1981–2020. When compared to PCCSM4, the WRF Model shows major improvements in predicting the spatial distribution of major variables such as 2-m temperature, 10-m wind speed, and precipitation. WRF also shows better skill in predicting interannual temperature variability and extreme temperature events, with higher anomaly correlation coefficients. However, large model biases remain in seasonal precipitation anomaly predictions. Overall, this study highlights the potential advantages of using the high-resolution WRF Model to predict summer climate conditions over Southwest China.
Model Evaluation by Measurements from Collocated Remote Sensors in Complex Terrain
Authors: Pichugina Yelena L. , Banta Robert M. , Brewer W. Alan , Kenyon J. , Olson J. B. , Turner D. D. , Wilczak J. , Baidar S. , Lundquist J. K. , Shaw W. J. , Wharton S.
Published: July 2022

Model improvement efforts involve an evaluation of changes in model skill in response to changes in model physics and parameterization. When using wind measurements from various remote sensors to determine model forecast accuracy, it is important to understand the effects of measurement-uncertainty differences among the sensors resulting from differences in the methods of measurement, the vertical and temporal resolution of the measurements, and the spatial variability of these differences. Here we quantify instrument measurement variability in 80-m wind speed during WFIP2 and its impact on the calculated errors and the change in error from one model version to another. The model versions tested involved updates in model physics from HRRRv1 to HRRRv4, and reductions in grid interval from 3 km to 750 m. Model errors were found to be 2–3 m s−1. Differences in errors as determined by various instruments at each site amounted to about 10% of this value, or 0.2–0.3 m s−1. Changes in model skill due to physics or grid-resolution updates also differed depending on the instrument used to determine the errors; most of the instrument-to-instrument differences were ∼0.1 m s−1, but some reached 0.3 m s−1. All instruments at a given site mostly showed consistency in the sign of the change in error. In two examples, though, the sign changed, illustrating a consequence of differences in measurements: errors determined using one instrument may show improvement in model skill, whereas errors determined using another instrument may indicate degradation. This possibility underscores the importance of having accurate measurements to determine the model error.

Significance Statement

To evaluate model forecast accuracy using remote sensing instruments, it is important to understand the effects of measurement uncertainties due to differences in the methods of measurement and data processing techniques, the vertical and temporal resolution of the measurements, and the spatial variability of these differences. In this study, three types of collocated remote sensing systems are used to quantify the impact of measurement variability on the magnitude of calculated errors and the change in error from one model version to another. The model versions tested involved updates in model physics from HRRRv1 to HRRRv4, and reductions in grid interval from 3 km to 750 m.
Identifying Causes of Short-Range Forecast Errors in Maximum Temperature during Recent Central European Heatwaves Using the ECMWF-IFS Ensemble
Authors: Lemburg Alexander , Fink Andreas H.
Published: July 2022

In the last few years, central Europe faced a number of severe, record-breaking heatwaves. Previous studies focused on predictability of heatwaves on medium-range to subseasonal time scales (5–30 days). However, also short-range (3-day) forecasts of maximum temperature (Tmax) can exhibit substantial errors even on larger spatial scales. This study investigates the causes of short-range forecast errors in Tmax over central Europe for the summers of 2015–20 using the 50-member ensemble of the operational ECMWF-IFS (ECMWF-ENS). The 3-day forecast errors, individually calculated for each ensemble member with respect to a 0–18-h control forecast, are fed into a multivariate linear regression model to study the relative importance of different error sources. Outside of heatwaves, errors in Tmax forecasts are predominantly caused by incorrectly predicted downwelling shortwave radiation, mainly due to errors in low cloud cover. During heatwaves, ECMWF-ENS exhibits a systematic underestimation of Tmax (−0.4 K), which is exacerbated under clear-sky and low wind conditions, and other error sources gain importance: the second most important error source is over- or underestimation of nocturnal temperatures in the residual layer. Additional Lagrangian trajectory analysis for the years 2018–20 (due to limited data availability) suggests a link to accumulating errors in near-surface diabatic heating of air masses associated with forecast errors in residence time over land and cloud cover. Regionally, other physical processes can be of dominant importance during heatwaves. Coastal regions are influenced by errors in near-surface wind whereas errors in soil moisture are more important in southeastern parts of central Europe.
On Zero-truncated Alternative Hyper-Poisson Distribution and Its Applications
Authors: Kumar C. Satheesh , Abraham Emil Ninan
Published: July 2022

Here we propose a zero-truncated version of the alternative hyper-Poisson distribution of Kumar and Nair[ 1 ] and study some of its statistical properties. We derive some of its essential properties such as mean, variance, probability generating function, cumulative distribution function, hazard function, an expression for its factorial moments, raw moments and recursion formulae for its probabilities, raw moments and factorial moments. The method of moments and method of maximum likelihood estimation have been discussed for estimating the parameters of the proposed distribution. To check the suitability of the proposed model it has been applied to certain real-life data sets and has shown that it provides a good fitting to the data sets under consideration. Method of generalized likelihood ratio test is employed for examining the significance of the parameter and a brief simulation study is carried out for verifying the efficiency of the moment and maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the distribution.

AMS subject classification: 60E05; 60E10; 33C20
Inventory Model for Non-instantaneous Deteriorating Items with Time-dependent Deterioration Rate and Price Discounts
Authors: Samanta Anwesha
Published: July 2022

In this article, we study a periodic review inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items when the length of a reorder cycle is known and the rate of deterioration is time dependent. In order to stimulate demand within the customers, the inventory manager offers a temporary discount on the selling price in three different stages—(a) before the items start to decay, (b) after deterioration sets in and (c) during shortage. The optimum ordering policy and the discounts to be given are determined so as to maximize the total expected profit over a reorder interval. Numerical examples are cited to illustrate the model. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out to study the effect of change in the model parameters on the optimal policy.

AMS subject classification: 90
Wellness and Delinquency at the Intersection of Gender and Race
Authors: Hancock Katy
Published: July 2022

Wellness and its influence on behavior is emerging as an important topic in research and policy. Moreover, it is becoming apparent that race and gender interact to create unique experiences. It is therefore essential to consider how the intersection of gender and race shapes perceptions of wellness and thereby influences behavior. Using the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the impact of perceptions of wellness on delinquency was examined for various gender/race groups. Results indicated that, while some wellness dimensions predicted delinquency across groups, such as psychological or occupational wellness, some were more focused by gender/race group. Implications and future research are discussed.
Unpacking work–family conflict in the marital dyad: Interaction of employee fit and partner fit
Authors: Hong Yeong-Hyun , Mills Maura J , Suh Yongwon , Ford Michael T
Published: July 2022

Can workers optimize their work and family lives when their involvement across both domains fits with their values, regardless of what their partners value? The current study suggests that it is not so simple; rather, we must take both employees’ and their partners’ perspectives into account in order to optimally understand the work–family interface. Herein we examine the relationships between employee fit (degree to which an employee’s role value aligns with his/her role involvement) and partner fit (degree to which a partner’s role value aligns with the employee’s role involvement) with work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, life satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Using data from 179 dyads of South Korean employees and their matched spouses/partners, we put forth a fit assessment to determine degree of discrepancy within dyads, and test a model regarding how such fit is associated with outcomes. Results suggest that partner fit moderates the effects of employee fit on work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict, such that when partner fit rose, the negative effect of employee fit on conflict was strengthened. Thus, employees’ experiences of work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict were lowest when their role involvement was aligned with both their role value and their partner’s role value. Further, partner fit moderated the indirect (via work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict) effects of employee fit on life satisfaction (partially mediated), such that the effects were stronger when partner fit was high. Interestingly, partner fit also moderated the indirect effects of employee fit on turnover intentions (fully mediated) via work-to-family conflict, but not via family-to-work conflict. Implications and future research directions are discussed, including how this work advances relational considerations in work–family research both conceptually and empirically.
Trumping the Centers for Disease Control: A Case Comparison of the CDC’s Response to COVID-19, H1N1, and Ebola
Authors: Schiff Eleanor , Mallinson Daniel J.
Published: July 2022

Despite being the richest and most prepared nation in the world, the U.S. responded badly to the COVID-19 crisis. This paper examines the nature of political control and the essence of bureaucratic failure for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an independent agency. In three case studies, we analyze the CDC’s success in handling H1N1 and Ebola, and its failures on COVID-19. We find that the CDC suffered not only from political interference by the Trump Administration but also internal organizational problems that muted its ability to respond effectively. We conclude by offering policy prescriptions for addressing concerns of bureaucratic autonomy and success at the CDC.
Flaky cuttings bed distribution model in a shale gas horizontal well based on experiment and numerical simulation
Authors: Xiao Dong , Chen Weixiong , Deng Hu , Zhang Jichuan , Duan Mubai , Xu Jiaxin , Fang Pan , Shen Wenyong , Li Gao
Published: July 2022

During the drilling of shale gas wells, the shape of shale cuttings cut by polycrystalline diamond compact bits has an obvious flaky structure. The accumulation of such flaky cuttings is one of the main reasons for high drilling torque and drag and serious back pressure, which affect the drilling speed of the horizontal section of shale gas wells. Therefore, predicting the thickness of the flaky cuttings bed and restraining it are essential for ensuring safe and efficient drilling of the horizontal section of shale gas wells. However, most of the previous research on migration laws for cuttings were based on spherical particles, which affected the accuracy of cuttings bed thickness prediction. In this study, through visualization experiments combined with computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation, the hole cleaning laws of shale gas wells in the long horizontal section were studied, and a set of cuttings bed thickness prediction models and cuttings bed removal process parameter optimization methods were established. Field application was conducted in the Changning 209H24-1 well in the southern Sichuan Basin, China. The results revealed the following: (1) There are significant differences in the migration laws of flaky cuttings and spherical cuttings in the horizontal section. (2) The fitting accuracy of the established long horizontal fragmentation layer distribution model considering multiple factors and the experimental data is as high as 0.973. (3) Based on this model, the drilling parameters of the Changning 209H24-1 well were optimized, which played a good role in wellbore cleaning and ensured the safe and smooth implementation of the later casing operation.
Numerical simulation of coalbed methane under the mining conditions based on dynamic virtual well and variable permeability field
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Rui , Zhang Bin , Liu Banghua , Zhang Qi , Wang Erzhen , Shen Lei
Published: July 2022

After coal seam mining,stress change and rock movement in adjacent rock strata, make permeability and other fields change in adjacent coal seam. At the same time, due to the exploitation of coal seams, material exchange may occur in the adjacent coal seams. It also caused desorption of near coal seam near the mining working face. Recent years, with the development of coalbed methane mining technology under pressure relief in mining areas, it is necessary to carry out numerical simulation under coalbed methane mining conditions to realize the optimization of coalbed methane extraction simulation under mining conditions. The coupling effect of dynamic virtual well and variable permeability field advancing with the mining face is used to simulate the output of coalbed methane under mining conditions: the dynamic virtual well is used to advance with the mining face to characterize the influence of the working face on the material exchange of adjacent coal seams in the mining process; the use of variable permeability field to realize the influence of the permeability of the adjacent coal seam during the advancement of the working face. Finally, through the dynamic coupling of variable permeability field and dynamic virtual well with the mining face, the rapid pressure relief effect of high speed and short time on the adjacent layer under the influence of mining is characterized. The simulation results of the computer simulation software written by the algorithm show that when the mining effect is not considered, that is, when the algorithm does not consider the dynamic virtual well production and the variable permeability field, it is basically consistent with the commercial software simulation results, but for the consideration of mining condition is a situation that commercial software cannot simulate, and the simulation results of this algorithm are more consistent with the actual monitoring data of the mine. This method achieves numerical simulation of CBM under mining conditions by improving the mature algorithm, which can provide effective guidance for future CBM capacity prediction under mining conditions.
Migrant Remittances and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Income Classifications
Authors: Sulemana Iddisah , Bugri Anarfo Ebenezer , Doabil Louis
Published: July 2022

The pervasiveness of food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions has resulted in increased emigration not only to wealthier countries within the continent but also to developed countries elsewhere in the world. A growing body of research has examined the welfare implications of remittances from international migrants for families left behind. A strand of that literature focuses on the association between international remittances and household food security. We contribute to this body of work by examining the variability of this relationship across three groupings of African countries, based on the World Bank's income classifications. Using data from the Afrobarometer Surveys, our results from an instrumental variable ordered probit regressions reveal that international remittances are positively and significantly correlated with household food security for all three country groupings. After correcting for endogeneity, we find that remittance-receiving households were 83.59 percent, 72.66 percent, and 26.06 percent more likely to report having never gone without enough food to eat in low-income, lower-middle income, and upper-middle income countries in sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. These findings suggest that central governments and policymakers in Africa should reform public policy in a way that strengthens the effectiveness and efficiency of international remittances transfer to reduce food insecurity across the continent.
Prevalence of, and factors associated with anaemia in children aged 1–3 years in Aceh, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Randell Madeleine , Li Mu , Rachmi Cut Novianti , Jusril Hafizah , Fox Olivia , Wibowo Lindawati , Rah Jee Hyun , Pronyk Paul , Harmiko Marcus , Phebe Natassya , Ahmad Aripin , Ariawan Iwan , Negin Joel , Raynes-Greenow Camille
Published: July 2022

Background: Child anaemia continues to represent a major public health challenge in lower-and-middle income countries. It has serious long-term consequences for child growth and development. In Indonesia, there was a 10% increase in the national prevalence of child anaemia between 2013 and 2018. Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of, and factors associated with anaemia among children aged one to three years in eight districts in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1148 mother-child dyads aged one to three years between November and December 2018. The sampling process involved a three-stage cluster sampling design using the probability proportionate to size methodology. Anaemia status was determined using haemoglobin level (Hb < 11.0 g/dL). Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associated factors. Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia was 76.1% (869/1142). 44.7% (510/1142) and 28.6% (327/1142) had moderate and mild anaemia, respectively. Child aged 12–24 months (aOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.26–3.17), not receiving routine immunisation (aOR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.34–5.10), and maternal anaemia (aOR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.59–2.90) were significantly associated with anaemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia among the children in this study was high, and was associated with child age, immunisation status, and maternal anaemia. These findings provide further insight into anaemia as a public health issue at a sub-national level in Indonesia and for development of targeted programmes to address associated risk factors of child anaemia.