bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research focus and emerging trends of the gut microbiome and infant: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024
Authors: Yang Ru , Shi Zeyao , Li Yuan , Huang Xi , Li Yingxin , Li Xia , Chen Qiong , Hu Yanling , Li Xiaowen
Published: November 2024

Background

Over the past two decades, gut microbiota has demonstrated unprecedented potential in human diseases and health. The gut microbiota in early life is crucial for later health outcomes. This study aims to reveal the knowledge collaboration network, research hotspots, and explore the emerging trends in the fields of infant and gut microbiome using bibliometric analysis.

Method

We searched the literature on infant and gut microbiome in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database from 2004 to 2024. CiteSpace V (version: 6.3.R1) and VOSview (version: 1.6.20) were used to display the top authors, journals, institutions, countries, authors, keywords, co-cited articles, and potential trends.

Results

A total of 9,899 documents were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. The United States, China, and Italy were the three most productive countries with 3,163, 1,510, and 660 publications. The University of California System was the most prolific institution (524 publications). Van Sinderen, Douwe from University College Cork of Ireland was the most impactful author. Many studies have focused on atopic dermatitis (AD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as well as the immune mechanisms and microbial treatments for these diseases, such as probiotic strains mixtures and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The mother-to-infant microbiome transmission, chain fatty acids, and butyrate maybe the emerging trends.

Conclusion

This study provided an overview of the knowledge structure of infant and gut microbiome, as well as a reference for future research.
Identification of biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease by comparative transcriptome analysis and WGCNA highlights the role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Authors: Zhang Fa-Li , Li Ai-Ying , Niu Yi-Lin , Zhang Kai , Zhao Ming-Hui , Huang Jiao-Jiao , Shen Wei
Published: November 2024

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. A large number of studies have focused on dopamine neurons themselves, but so far, the pathogenesis of PD has not been fully elucidated.

Results

Here, we explored the significance of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs)/oligodendrocytes in the pathogenesis of PD using a bioinformatic approach. WGCNA analysis suggested that abnormal development of oligodendrocytes may play a key role in early PD. To verify the transcriptional dynamics of OPCs/oligodendrocytes, we performed differential analysis, cell trajectory construction, cell communication analysis and hdWGCNA analysis using single-cell data from PD patients. Interestingly, the results indicated that there was overlap between hub genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OPCs not in oligodendrocytes, suggesting that OPCs may be more sensitive to PD drivers. Then, we used ROC binary analysis model to identify five potential biomarkers, including AGPAT4, DNM3, PPP1R12B, PPP2R2B, and LINC00486.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our work highlights the potential role of OPCs in driving PD.
Model of the HVC neural network as a song motor in zebra finch
Authors: Xia Pan , Abarbanel Henry D. I.
Published: November 2024

The nucleus HVC within the avian song system produces crystalized instructions which lead to precise, learned vocalization in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). This paper proposes a model of the HVC neural network based on the physiological properties of individual HVC neurons, their synaptic interactions calibrated by experimental measurements, as well as the synaptic signal into this region which triggers song production. This neural network model comprises of two major neural populations in this area: neurons projecting to the nucleus RA and interneurons. Each single neuron model of HVCRA is constructed with conductance-based ion currents of fast Na+ and K+ and a leak channel, while the interneuron model includes extra transient Ca2+ current and hyperpolarization-activated inward current. The synaptic dynamics is formed with simulated delivered neurotransmitter pulses from presynaptic cells and neurotransmitter receptor opening rates of postsynaptic neurons. We show that this network model qualitatively exhibits observed electrophysiological behaviors of neurons independent or in the network, as well as the importance of bidirectional interactions between the HVCRA neuron and the HVCI neuron. We also simulate the pulse input from A11 neuron group to HVC. This signal successfully suppresses the interneuron, which leads to sequential firing of projection neurons that matches measured burst onset, duration, and spike quantities during the zebra finch motif. The result provides a biophysically based model characterizing the dynamics and functions of the HVC neural network as a song motor, and offers a reference for synaptic coupling strength in the avian brain.
Dyslipidemia patterns and associated factors in Wilson’s disease patients: a clinical analysis
Authors: Wu Rong , Luo Xingguang , Wang Xiao-Ping
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to analyze the lipid metabolism patterns and identify risk factors for dyslipidemia in Wilson’s Disease (WD), offering novel insights into diagnosis and treatment strategies for unexplained dyslipidemia.

Methods

Data from Wilson’s disease patients hospitalized at the First People’s Hospital of Shanghai from December 2008 to February 2015 were collected. Patients were categorized into normal lipid (46 cases) and dyslipidemia (42 cases) groups based on lipid levels. Group analyzes were conducted using t-tests, chi-square analysis, and rank sum tests. Spearman correlation, multiple linear regression, or Logistic regression were employed to identify relevant influencing factors.

Results

1. The incidence of abnormal blood lipids in a series of Wilson’s disease patients was 47.73% (25.12 ± 1.29 years old), and the incidence of control healthy group was 27.40%, with proportions of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol being 14.77, 30.68, and 29.63%, respectively; 2. Significant differences were observed between the dyslipidemia and normal WD groups in AST/ALT ratio, liver parenchymal echo, liver surface, spleen area, and ultrasound total score.3. Low-and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-c and HDL-c) showed no significant correlation with these indicators. Triglyceride (TG) exhibited moderately negative correlation with AST/ALT, liver parenchymal echo, spleen area, and ultrasound score. Total cholesterol (TC) displayed low negative correlation with these factors.

Conclusion

1. Dyslipidemia incidence in Wilson’s disease patients may exceed that of the normal population, especially in adolescents with unexplained abnormal lipid metabolism; 2. Patients with mild to moderate liver damage are predisposed to elevated triglycerides and total cholesterol, reflecting liver damage impact on lipid metabolism; 3. Glucose metabolism is not implicated in WD-related dyslipidemia; 4. No significant correlation was found between abnormal lipid metabolism and blood concentration of trace elements in WD patients.
Polymorphic low-grade neuroepithelial tumors of the young: disease characteristics and treatment decisions from the epilepsy surgery perspective
Authors: He Guilu , Tan Hongping , Li Shaochun , Zhang Limin , Li Qiao , Li Hainan , Guo Yanwu , Guo Qiang
Published: November 2024

Background

The Polymorphic Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young (PLNTY) is a rare, epilepsy-associated brain tumor that has been increasingly recognized but is not well understood due to the scarcity of clinical reports. Our study reviews the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of 14 patients with PLNTY to enhance the understanding of this condition from an epilepsy surgery perspective.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of 14 PLNTY cases at our hospital. A literature review on prior studies was also conducted.

Results

Our study included 8 males and 6 females, all presenting with epilepsy. Despite anti-seizure medication, 92.3% of patients continued to have seizures, with 58.3% diagnosed as having drug-resistant epilepsy. Neuroimaging revealed that 64.3% of the lesions were in the temporal lobe, with 75.0% showing calcification on CT, 71.4% exhibiting mixed signals on T2-weighted images, and 92.7% showing tumor enhancement. The transmantle sign was noted in 57.1% of T2 FLAIR sequences. EEGs indicated abnormal activity in 69.2% of patients, with 30.7% showing bilateral discharges. SEEG in two patients confirmed the tumor’s epileptogenicity. A 78.6% total resection rate was achieved, with a 90.0% postoperative seizure-free rate and an 85.7% excellent Engel grade 1 rate. No instances co-occurring with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) were observed.

Conclusion

PLNTY is characterized by unique neuroimaging features and a strong association with epilepsy. SEEG is pivotal for cases with unclear lateralization, aiding in identifying the link between the tumor and seizures. Following established epilepsy surgery protocols for brain tumor management, early intervention and extended resection can improve the rate of postoperative seizure freedom.
Quality of life in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy: a review of literature and implications for practice
Authors: Markiewicz Michał , Madetko-Alster Natalia , Alster Piotr
Published: November 2024

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an atypical form of parkinsonism characterized by tauopathy, manifesting as oculomotor dysfunction, postural instability, akinesia, and cognitive/language impairments. The diagnosis and examination of PSP can be challenging, primarily due to the unclear and underexplored pathomechanisms involved, alongside absence of effective treatments. Clinical variants of PSP is the second most common form of neurodegenerative parkinsonism after Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is defined by a symmetrical akinetic-rigid syndrome (atypical parkinsonism) and vertical supranuclear gaze palsy. In contrast to PD, PSP often presents with gait instability, backward falls, and cognitive and behavioral changes at early disease stages. The classification of PSP has evolved since Richardson, Steele, and Olszewski’s initial reporting of the condition in 1963, which included a cohort of nine patients. Over the years, the definition of this disorder has evolved to encapsulate a group of patients with distinct clinical variants, notably the classical Richardson syndrome (RS) and several atypical phenotypes, each with significant implications for disease progression and quality of life (QoL). The 2017 Movement Disorder Society Diagnostic Criteria by Hoglinger et al., improved the sensitivity for detecting early and variant PSP presentations and provided more specific differential diagnoses for conditions such as PD and other forms of atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Owing to the growing interest in the disease’s progression, evaluating the QoL for patients with PSP has become crucial. This review emphasizes the significance of QoL evaluation and its feasibility for practical implications, serving as an initial foundation for future research focused on the well-being of individuals affected by PSP. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an atypical form of parkinsonism characterized by tauopathy, manifesting as oculomotor dysfunction, postural instability, akinesia, and cognitive/language impairments. Diagnosing PSP is challenging owing to the lack of tools for differential examination. Additionally, the pathomechanism of this disease is not sufficiently understood, and no treatment is currently available. Owing to the growing interest in the disease’s progression, evaluating the quality of life (QoL) for patients with PSP has become crucial. This review emphasizes the significance of QoL evaluation and its feasibility for practical implications, serving as an initial foundation for future research focused on the well-being of individuals affected by PSP.
The significance of postbypass blood flow model in side to side bypass for moyamoya disease in predicting postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome
Authors: Wan Guiping , Hu Miao , Yu Jin , Xin Can , Tao Tianshu , Quan Wei , Chen Jincao , Zhang Jianjian
Published: November 2024

Objective

We previously developed the use of side to side (s-s) bypass for the treatment of adult moyamoya disease (MMD) and discovered several kinds of distinct blood flow models intraoperatively, which we observed through indocyanine green-video angiography (ICG-VA). The purpose of this paper was to investigate the correlation between blood flow model (BFM) identified in s-s bypass and the incidence of postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) among patients with MMD.

Methods

We analyzed 166 hemispheres from 153 patients diagnosed with MMD, including 118 hemispheres with s-s bypass and 48 with end to side (e-s) bypass. We categorized the enrolled patients into three pairs of comparison groups based on postoperative CHS (CHS or non-CHS) in s-s bypass, blood flow models (BFM I or BFM II) and surgical approach (s-s bypass or e-s bypass). Patients’ demographics and characteristics were compared between groups.

Results

Among patients who developed CHS, the occurrence of BFM I was more frequent than that of BFM II (0.154 vs. 0.019, p = 0.029 < 0.05) and no significant differences were noted in the remaining data. In the group of blood flow models, the proportion of patients with a history of cerebral hemorrhage was higher in BFM II compared to BFM I (0.062 vs. 0.226, p = 0.009 < 0.05), and the incidence of severity of ischemia was found to be higher in BFM I than in BFM II (0.774 vs. 0.429, p = 0.011 < 0.05), while the postoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and the Matsushima grade displayed no obvious difference. In comparison with the occurrence of CHS in e-s bypass group (7/48, 0.146), s-s bypass group had no difference (11/118, 0.093; p = 0.323 > 0.05), BFM I group showed no discrepancy (10/65, 0.154, p = 0.906 > 0.05) while BFM II group was different (1/53, 0.019, p = 0.047 < 0.05).

Conclusion

The proportion of postoperative CHS occurring in BFM II during s-s bypass was lower than that in e-s bypass and BFM I. The postbypass blood flow model in s-s bypass may serve as a novel predictor for postoperative CHS.
Validity of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in East Asian patients with gastric cancer: a comprehensive narrative review
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Bingyue , Chen Jianxin
Published: November 2024

Background

Malnutrition is a significant public health issue for patients with gastric cancer, particularly in East Asia, the region most affected globally. In response to the absence of adequate tools for assessing nutritional status, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were established in 2018, aiming to standardize the diagnosis of malnutrition. However, there is no consensus on the value of GLIM criteria for evaluating the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer in East Asia. Given these facts, our study aimed to assess the validity of the GLIM criteria in East Asian patients with gastric cancer.

Methods

We conducted a rapid critical review of available literature, summarizing the existing problems in GLIM applications and possible improvement directions. After systematically summarizing the literature published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, a total of 13 articles involving 7,679 cases were included in this study.

Results

The results indicated a lack of sufficient data on sensitivity and specificity to fully validate the GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition in East Asian patients with gastric cancer. Additionally, some studies have reported moderate agreement between the GLIM and the PG-SGA. Furthermore, malnutrition defined by GLIM is a risk factor for short and long-term outcomes in East Asian patients with gastric cancer. However, the prognostic effect of moderate malnutrition on these patients remains controversial.

Conclusion

Despite being in the early application stages, GLIM has shown promising potential in diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of malnutrition. However, future research should incorporate more comprehensive validity parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, and PPV/NPV, to achieve a more thorough understanding of GLIM’s diagnostic efficacy. Furthermore, further optimization of GLIM is necessary to address the needs of more diverse populations and situations.
Serum creatinine- and cystatin C-based indices are associated with the risk of subsequent sarcopenia: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ning Xin , Xie Chao , Kong Yaozhong
Published: November 2024

Background

Serum creatinine (Cr)- and cystatin C (CysC)-based indices have been suggested as alternative markers for sarcopenia, but their predictive value for sarcopenia risk is uncertain, which was investigated in the present study in the Chinese population with the middle and older ages.

Methods

Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were collected in the 2011 and 2015 waves. All participants were free of sarcopenia at the baseline. Sarcopenia was diagnosed when low muscle mass and grip strength or low physical performance were present. Four indices were computed: predictive skeletal muscle mass index (pSMI), total-body muscle mass (TBMM), creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio (CCR), and sarcopenia index (SI). Restricted cubic splines and logistic regression models were used to assess the effects of these indices on sarcopenia risk.

Results

Among 4,527 participants without sarcopenia at the baseline (2011), the median age was 58 year-old (IQR: 52–65), with 52.7% women. Followed up in year 2015, the incidence of sarcopenia was 20.8 per 1,000 person-years (376/4,527). Neither CCR nor SI showed linear or non-linear associations with the risk of subsequent sarcopenia. However, a decrease in pSMI and TBMM was significantly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia [adjusted per-SD decrease OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 2.09–4.13, p < 0.001; adjusted per-SD decrease OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.80–3.16, p < 0.001, respectively].

Conclusion

In the middle and older age of Chinese population, decreased pSMI and TBMM were associated with an increased risk of subsequent sarcopenia, whereas CCR and SI showed no such correlation. Thus, pSMI and TBMM may serve as potential biological indicators for predicting the risk of sarcopenia, and decreased pSMI and TBMM may be the early biomarkers for diagnosis and intervention of sarcopenia.
The global burden of colorectal cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 204 countries and territories: findings from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2035
Authors: Jin Xiaoqian , Dong Danfeng , Xu Zixuan , Sun Mingming
Published: November 2024

Background

The association between high body-mass index (BMI) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been confirmed and gained attention. However, a detailed understanding of the disease burden of high BMI and CRC remains lacking.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the temporal and geographical trends of CRC deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by high BMI globally from 1990 to 2021, providing effective guidance for developing prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods

We used data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study to assess the global, regional, and national Deaths, DALYs, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) caused by CRC related to high BMI, and further calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). We also considered factors such as gender, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI). We explore the relationship between EAPC and ASMR/ASDR (1990) and between EAPC and SDI (2021). Further, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to predict the disease burden from 2022 to 2035. The risk factors were calculated by Population Attributable Fraction (PAF).

Results

In 2021, CRC caused by high BMI resulted in 99,268 deaths (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI): 42,956–157,949) and 2,364,664 DALYs (95% UI: 1,021,594–3,752,340) globally, with ASMR and ASDR being 1.17 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.51–1.87) and 27.33 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 11.8–43.37), respectively. The disease burden was higher in males and the elderly, with significant differences between regions and sociodemographic groups. From 1990 to 2021, the ASMR for CRC associated with high BMI revealed little change globally, while the ASDR revealed an upward trend. The burden of CRC caused by high BMI has shifted from high SDI regions to low and low-middle SDI regions. Additionally, from 2022 to 2035, ASMR and ASDR are expected to increase in males, while ASMR and ASDR in females are expected to remain relatively stable.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the number of deaths and DALYs related to high BMI-associated CRC globally, as well as ASMR and ASDR, continue to rise. We predict that ASMR and ASDR may further increase by 2035, making it crucial to take timely and targeted interventions.
Nutritional management for post-stroke sarcopenia risk and multi-comorbidities patient via percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Oliveira Sofia , Martins Beatriz , Pereira Paula , Silva Maria Leonor
Published: November 2024

Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often leading to complications such as malnutrition, dysphagia, and sarcopenia. We present the case of a 78-year-old male with a history of ischemic stroke and multiple comorbidities, who was underweight and weakened. Over a 10-month follow-up period, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube was placed, and nutritional management was carried out based on biochemical and nutritional status assessments. Anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters confirmed the need to adjust protein and energy intake to the patient’s requirements. Personalized nutritional intervention, including a caloric surplus and dietary adjustments, resulted in weight gain, improved muscle mass and biochemical blood parameters. This case report highlights the comprehensive nutritional management of a post-stroke patient to improve outcomes and quality of life.
Ponatinib vs. asciminib in post–second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: a matching-adjusted indirect comparison
Authors: Garcia-Gutierrez Valentin , Huang Fei , Ashaye Ajibade , Dalal Mehul , Laliman-Khara Victor , Breccia Massimo , Rutherford Megan , Moradian Hoora , Patos Petros , Jabbour Elias Joseph
Published: November 2024

Background

Ponatinib and asciminib are approved for third-line therapy in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) and are the only drugs approved for patients with the T315I mutation in the United States. In Europe, only ponatinib is approved for patients with the T315I mutation.

Methods

Clinical trials evaluating ponatinib or asciminib in patients with relapsed and refractory (R/R) CP-CML who failed one or more second-generation TKIs or had the T315I mutation were identified in a systematic review of medical literature databases. A matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) analysis with individual patient-level data with ponatinib was used to balance baseline characteristics between ponatinib and asciminib groups. After matching, the response rate was calculated using the MAIC weight for each patient and the difference in response rate was calculated using a two-independent proportion Z-test. Cumulative rates of BCR::ABL1IS ≤1% and major molecular response (MMR) in patients without baseline response were compared. Patients were further stratified by T315I mutation status.

Results

The MAIC included four trials (ponatinib: NCT02467270, NCT01207440; asciminib: NCT02081378, NCT03106779). In patients without baseline response of BCR::ABL1IS ≤1%, the adjusted BCR::ABL1IS ≤1% rate difference with ponatinib vs. asciminib was 9.33% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79%–17.86%; adjusted MMR rate difference: 6.84% [95% CI: −0.95%–14.62%]) by 12 months in favor of ponatinib. In patients with the T315I mutation, adjusted BCR::ABL1IS ≤1% rate difference with ponatinib vs. asciminib was 43.54% (95% CI: 22.20%–64.87%; adjusted MMR rate difference: 47.37% [95% CI: 28.72%–66.02%]) by 12 months.

Conclusion

After key baseline characteristics adjustment, cumulative BCR::ABL1IS ≤1% and MMR rates were statistically higher with ponatinib than asciminib in patients without a baseline response in most of the comparisons by 12 months. Favorable efficacy outcomes observed in ponatinib vs. asciminib were consistently stronger in the T315I mutation subgroup.
A clinical–radiomics nomogram based on multisequence MRI for predicting the outcome of patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Chen Liucheng , Wang Zhiyuan , Meng Ying , Zhao Cancan , Wang Xuelian , Zhang Yan , Zhou Muye
Published: November 2024

Problem

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor with high heterogeneity and is mainly treated with chemoradiotherapy. It is important to predict the outcome of patients with advanced NPC after chemoradiotherapy to devise customized treatment strategies. Traditional MRI methods have limited predictive power, and better predictive models are needed.

Aim

To evaluate the predictive value of a clinical–radiomics nomogram based on multisequence MRI in predicting the outcome of advanced NPC patients receiving chemoradiotherapy.

Methods

This prospective study included a retrospective analysis of 118 patients with advanced NPC who underwent MRI prior to chemoradiotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The maximum ROIs of lesions at the same level were determined via axial T2-weighted imaging short-time inversion recovery (T2WI-STIR), contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with solid tumor components, and the radiomic features were extracted. After feature selection, the radiomics score was calculated, and a nomogram was constructed combining the radiomics score with the clinical features. The diagnostic efficacy of the model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the clinical application value of the nomogram was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA) and a correction curve. Patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group, and the median risk score calculated by the joint prediction model was used as the cutoff value. Kaplan−Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to compare the differences in survival curves between the two groups.

Results

The AUCs of the nomogram model constructed by the combination of the radiomics score and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and T stage in the training group and validation group were 0.897 (95% CI: 0.825–0.968) and 0.801 (95% CI: 0.673–0.929), respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that the model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, with significant differences in prognosis.

Conclusion

This clinical–radiomics nomogram based on multisequence MRI offers a noninvasive, effective tool for predicting the outcome of advanced NPC patients receiving chemoradiotherapy, promoting individualized treatment approaches.
Crohn's disease after multiple doses of rituximab treatment in a child with refractory nephrotic syndrome and an ATG2A mutation: a case report
Authors: Shi Kaili , Fu Mengzhen , Xia Wei , Zhang Pei , Gao Chunlin , Xia Zhengkun
Published: November 2024

De novo inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in response to rituximab (RTX) has been documented on multiple occasions as a severe adverse effect. However, none of these reports mentioned any genetic variation associated with this complication. We describe the case of a 16-year-old patient with refractory nephrotic syndrome (NS) diagnosed at the age of 6 years, notably with a heterozygous mutation of the ATG2A gene, who developed Crohn's disease (CD) following ten administrations of RTX. Seventy months after the first and 6 months after the last RTX dose, the patient developed recurrent abdominal pain, hematochezia, oral aphthous ulcers and weight loss. On the basis of clinical evaluation and ileo-colonoscopy findings, the patient was diagnosed with CD and treated with mesalazine. A significant amelioration of clinical symptoms was achieved after 11 days of mesalazine treatment. A repeat ileo-colonoscopy performed 4 months later revealed near-complete resolution of the ulcers and marked mucosal healing. The underlying pathophysiology of RTX-induced IBD has not yet been clarified. Autophagy associated with ATG2A mutation is likely involved in the pathogenesis. This case underscores the need for vigilance in monitoring children with NS with gastrointestinal symptoms following RTX treatment, especially those who have hereditary susceptibility and have received multiple administrations.
Metabolic pathways, genomic alterations, and post-translational modifications in pulmonary hypertension and cancer as therapeutic targets and biomarkers
Authors: Zhang Xiujin , Fu Zhiqing , Wang Haijun , Sheng Li
Published: November 2024

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy, significantly increasing mortality rates. This study aims to clarify PH-specific metabolites and their impact on genomic and post-translational modifications (PTMs) in cancer, evaluating DHA and EPA’s therapeutic potential to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation.

Methods

Data from 289,365 individuals were analyzed using Mendelian randomization to examine 1,400 metabolites’ causal roles in PH. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of DHA and EPA were tested in RAW 264.7 macrophages and cancer cell lines (A549, HCT116, HepG2, LNCaP). Genomic features like CNVs, DNA methylation, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and PTMs were analyzed. DHA and EPA’s effects on ROS production and cancer cell proliferation were assessed.

Results

We identified 57 metabolites associated with PH risk and examined key tumor-related pathways through promoter methylation analysis. DHA and EPA significantly reduced ROS levels and inflammatory markers in macrophages, inhibited the proliferation of various cancer cell lines, and decreased nuclear translocation of SUMOylated proteins during oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. These findings suggest a potential anticancer role through the modulation of stress-related nuclear signaling, as well as a regulatory function on cellular PTMs.

Conclusion

This study elucidates metabolic and PTM changes in PH and cancer, indicating DHA and EPA’s role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings support targeting these pathways for early biomarkers and therapies, potentially improving disease management and patient outcomes.
Bibliometric analysis of research trends and advancements in medicinal plant microbiome
Authors: Hu Danling , Hu Lizhe , Xiao Ouli , Chen Jieyin , Dai Xiaofeng , Sun Yongwei , Kong Zhiqiang
Published: November 2024

Medicinal plants and microorganisms are closely linked, with microorganisms boosting plant growth, offering pest control, and enhancing secondary compound production. However, there’s a lack of systematic research, detailed molecular studies, and standardized methods for effectively using microorganisms in developing products from medicinal plants. To enhance understanding of the present research progress, emerging patterns, and key areas pertaining to microorganisms found in medicinal plants, CiteSpace bibliometric software was employed to visualize and analyze 1269 English publications sourced from the Science Net Core Collection database. Through the utilization of keyword co-occurrence analysis and cluster analysis methods, this study seeks to explore collaborative networks among countries, institutions, and scholars involved in the study of microorganisms in medicinal plants. This review highlights key research areas in microbiology, focusing on evaluating natural compounds for antibacterial properties and the impact of secondary metabolites on microbial communities, aiming to highlight significant research domains and primary focuses for researchers and professionals engaged in the field of microbiology concerning medicinal plants.
How does dispositional mindfulness foster prosocial behavior? A cross-cultural study of empathy’s mediating role and cultural moderation
Authors: Li Sisi , Zhong Nailiang , Guo Qingke
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite growing recognition of dispositional mindfulness (DM) in psychological research, its cross-cultural mechanisms in promoting prosocial behavior remain unclear, particularly regarding the mediating role of different empathy dimensions.

Purpose

This study investigated how DM influences prosocial behavior across cultural contexts, examining both the mediating effects of different empathy dimensions and the moderating role of cultural background in Chinese and Indonesian samples.

Methods

Participants included 683 university students (357 Chinese, 326 Indonesian) who completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and Self-Report Altruism Scale Distinguished by the Recipient (SRAS-DR). Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using PROCESS macro.

Results

Chinese participants demonstrated higher DM levels than Indonesian participants. In the Chinese sample, both perspective taking (PT) and empathic concern (EC) mediated DM’s effects on prosocial behavior toward family (PBF), friends (PBFr), and strangers (PBS). However, in the Indonesian sample, PT and EC only mediated effects on PBFr. Cultural background significantly moderated DM’s indirect effect on PBS through PT, with stronger effects in the Chinese sample. Fantasy and personal distress showed no significant mediating effects in either cultural context.

Conclusion

This study reveals that DM enhances prosocial behavior through selective influence on different empathy dimensions, with cultural background moderating specific pathways. These findings extend our understanding of mindfulness’s cross-cultural mechanisms and provide practical implications for culturally-adapted mindfulness interventions.
Effects of activities participation on frailty of older adults in China
Authors: Ni Zihan , Zhu Xiuyuan , Shen Yuxin , Zhu Xiaoying , Xie Shiyu , Yang Xiaoguang
Published: November 2024

Objective

Frailty represents a significant health challenge among older adults, necessitating effective interventions to enhance their overall wellbeing. This study aims to investigate the impact of various types of activity participation on frailty in older adults and to elucidate their intrinsic associations, thereby providing a basis for targeted interventions.

Methods

This study constructed a classification of activities based on the framework proposed by the WHO regarding functional ability in healthy aging, innovatively dividing activities into five categories: physical activity, social activity, economic activity, information activity and sleep activity. Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2020), the research employed multiple linear regression and mediation analysis to explore the effects of these activities on the frailty status of older adults and their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, propensity score matching was conducted to robustly test the regression results.

Results

The study found that physical activity (β = −0.006, p < 0.01), social activity (β = −0.007, p < 0.01), economic activity (β = −0.017, p < 0.01), information activity (β = −0.040, p < 0.01) and sleep activity (β = −0.044, p < 0.01) all had significant positive effects on the frailty status of older adults. Additionally, sleep activity mediated the relationship between physical activity and frailty status, accounting for 4.819%. Social activity mediated the relationship between information activity and frailty status, accounting for 7.692%.

Conclusion

Older adults should enhance their participation in various activities to alleviate frailty. This can be further improved through the following three aspects: engaging in moderate physical exercise, fostering and promoting awareness of volunteer services, and popularizing the use of information technology.
Barriers for work in people with multiple sclerosis: a Norwegian cultural adaptation and validation of the short version of the multiple sclerosis work difficulties questionnaire
Authors: Normann Britt , Arntzen Ellen Christin , Honan Cynthia A.
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with high rates of unemployment, and barriers for work are essential to identify in the regular follow-up of these people. The current study aimed to culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire-23 (MSWDQ-23).

Methods

Following backward and forward translation, the Norwegian version of the MSWDQ-23 (MSWDQ-23NV) was completed by 229 people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis and by associating scores with employment status, disability, and health-related quality of life outcome measures. Convergent validity was checked by correlating MSWDQ-23 scores with alternative study measures. Internal consistencies were examined by Cronbach's alfa.

Results

A good fit for the data was demonstrated for the MSWDQ-23NV in confirmatory factor analysis, with excellent internal consistencies also demonstrated for the full scale and its subscales (physical barriers, psychological/cognitive barriers, external barriers). The MSWDQ-23NV subscales were related in the expected direction to health-related quality of life outcome measures. While higher scores on the physical barriers subscale was strongly associated with higher levels of disability and progressive MS types, higher scores on all subscales were associated with not working in the past year.

Discussion

The Norwegian MSWDQ-23 is an internally consistent and valid instrument to measure perceived work difficulties in persons with all types of MS in a Norwegian-speaking population. The MSWDQ-23NV can be considered a useful tool for health care professionals to assess self-reported work difficulties in persons with MS. The Norwegian MSWDQ-23 scale should be examined for test-retest reliability and considered implemented in the regular follow up at the MS-outpatient clinics in Norway to support employment maintenance.
Assessment of the barriers towards menstrual hygiene management: evidence from a qualitative study among school communities: lessons from Bahir Dar city in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Adane Yimenu , Ambelu Argaw , Azage Muluken , Mekonnen Yalemtsehay
Published: November 2024

Background

The challenges of safe menstrual hygiene management practices in low-income settings, including the study areas are pressing. However, Studies specifically focusing on barriers that schoolgirls face in managing monthly menstruation in schools of Bahir Dar are inadequate and scarce.

Method

To ensure the robustness of the findings, a comprehensive study was conducted among schoolgirls and boy students aged 12–20 in three schools. This study employed focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with students and leaders of the school gender club. A word cloud generator was used to visually represent frequently mentioned keywords, and the data generated from interviews were analyzed using the Open Code 4.03 tool.

Results

The findings, derived from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, revealed several significant barriers that schoolgirls face in practicing safe menstrual hygiene management. These barriers, including sociocultural factors (133), inadequate use of menstrual hygiene management facilities (73), inadequate knowledge before menarche (59), and a general lack of support (35), underscore the multifaceted nature of the issues. Importantly, these findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions to address these barriers and improve menstrual hygiene management among schoolgirls.

Conclusion

Schoolgirls in Bahir Dar encounter numerous challenges in maintaining safe menstrual hygiene practices. Addressing the identified modifiable barriers represents crucial areas for intervention, requiring collaborative efforts from school communities and other relevant stakeholders to create an environment conducive to promoting and enhancing safe menstrual hygiene practices.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Coulis Alexis , Levanon Shir , Randhawa Gurshaun , Brailovsky Yevgeniy , Raza Farhan , Oliveros Estefania
Published: November 2024

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing allows for a comprehensive assessment of the mechanism of exercise limitation in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Competitive pathophysiologic mechanisms may affect the clinical interpretation of cardiopulmonary disease as they relate to dyspnea, leg fatigue, and exercise intolerance.
Digital tools and welfare: adoption determinants among ginger producers in Southern and Central Ethiopia
Authors: Gizachew Fetagn , Kuma Berhanu , Tafesse Alula , Lambamo Alemu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Low adoption rates of digital tools in agricultural extension services persisted among smallholder ginger producers in Southern and Central Ethiopia, despite their recognized benefits. This study investigated the factors that drove or hindered digital tool adoption in this context.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative interviews and quantitative data analysis. The Endogenous Switching Regression model was applied to examine the socio-economic, institutional, and technological factors affecting adoption.

Results

The results showed that digital tool adoption significantly enhanced both agricultural productivity and household income among smallholder farmers. Key determinants included access to digital infrastructure, availability of ICT resources, and tailored extension services.

Discussion

The findings suggested a need for policies that promoted digital adoption, emphasizing infrastructure investment, expanded ICT access, and the development of specialized extension programs. These actions were seen as crucial for advancing rural livelihoods, supporting sustainable agriculture, and stabilizing the regional economy.
Case Report: Salvation of a congested SCIP flap with a modified “chemical leech” technique
Authors: Zhao Yong , Yang Xianquan , Zhu Shaobo , Yu Aixi
Published: November 2024

The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap is a widely accepted workhorse flap for covering defects. Although the success rate of SCIP flaps is currently high, flap failure occurs occasionally due to venous congestion. Venous re-anastomosis is the ideal rescue method but is sometimes limited by poor venule condition. The “chemical leech” technique could relieve venous congestion without venous re-anastomosis. However, owing to insufficient offloading, this technique is less effective in free flaps than in fasciocutaneous flaps, especially large-volume flaps. In this case report, we modified the “chemical leech” technique by adding a venous catheter. Congested blood was drained in a 2-way manner, both through a venous catheter and the skin incisions. On the first day, congested blood was mainly drained through the catheter. Intermittent heparin irrigation was required to maintain the blood flow. On days 2 and 3, as the microcirculation improved, the flow regulator was turned down to reduce blood loss. Blood loss through the catheter decreased dramatically from day 4 onward. This was probably due to thrombosis in and around the catheter. Another pathway through the skin still worked until the establishment of microcirculation, which occurred on day 8. Compared to previous “chemical leech” therapy, the modified “chemical leech” therapy was more reliable and could help drain the congested blood on venule level in addition to capillary level, making the blood drainage more efficient.
A new combination of a prebiotic and postbiotic mitigates immunosenescence in vaccinated healthy senior dogs
Authors: Wambacq Wendy A. , Apper Emmanuelle , Le Bourgot Cindy , Barbe Florence , Lyu Yang , Pelst Michael , Broeckx Bart J. G. , Devriendt Bert , Cox Eric , Hesta Myriam
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Elderly dogs often suffer from chronic diseases, in part attributed to immunosenescence, characterized by reduced blood CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) and elevation in the CD8+ T cells subset (cytotoxic T cells). Studies conducted in adult dogs suggested that supplementing short chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) or postbiotics derived from yeasts may positively influence the immune response. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with a combination of scFOS with a new yeast postbiotic (Profeed ADVANCED® called scFOS+) could have a positive influence on the immune status of senior dogs subjected to an immune challenge (Lyme disease vaccination).

Methods

To this end, 22 healthy senior client-owned dogs were divided into two groups: one group received a placebo diet without scFOS+ and the other group the basal diet supplemented with 1.1% scFOS+. In order to assess immune function, complete blood count, serum acute phase proteins, immunoglobulins, cytokines, T-cell subsets and antibody secreting cells were analyzed. Furthermore, faecal score and pH were recorded.

Results and discussion

Dogs fed the scFOS+ supplement had decreased total serum IgA concentrations (p < 0.01), which might suggest a more local IgA response in agreement with what was previously found when adult dogs were supplemented with β-1, 3/1, 6-glucan, a yeast-based product. More importantly, the present study demonstrated that feeding 1.1% scFOS+ to healthy senior dogs increased the CD4+:CD8+ T-cell (Helper:Cytotoxic T cell) ratio (p < 0.001) during and after vaccination against Lyme disease. Combining scFOS and yeast-derived postbiotics in the diet can therefore counter certain characteristics of T-cell immunosenescence in dogs.
Research on motion characterization of goose neck in narrow space
Authors: Zhang Fu , Sun Haoxuan , Wang Jiajia , Wang Xinyue , Qiu Yubo , Cui Xiahua , Ali Shaukat
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Inspired by the obstacle avoidance mechanism of goose neck, a theoretical design method of bionic robotic arm was proposed to solve the contradiction between high flexibility and strong bearing capacity in narrow space.

Methods

Taking the goose neck as the test object, a narrow space test environment with a width of 10 cm was built, and a 6 × 4 obstacle matrix was set up, to analyze the maximum value of joint angle, motion rate and trajectory in different target areas.

Results

The test results showed that the goose neck movement has continuity and transmissibility. The overall posture of the goose neck was adjusted through the synergistic movement of the anterior, middle and posterior segments to move toward the target position. The regulating effect of the anterior segment was significantly stronger than that of the middle and posterior segments. Specifically, the anterior segment of goose neck exhibited mostly transverse movement, with significant horizontal regulation; the middle segment of the goose neck was coupled with longitudinal movement, with similar movement ability in all directions, the posterior segment of the goose neck has mostly longitudinal movement, with significant height regulation.

Conclusion

In addition, the YOLOv7-pose recognition network was used to recognize goose neck motion pose, which provides a new method for animal behavior research.