bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of erecting walls for houses and buildings by technology of monolithic construction using permanent formwork unit
Authors: Butnik S V , Viatkin V A , Dzhalalov M N , Hovorukha I V , Bielka V V
Published: August 2020

The article deals with constructive and organizational-technological solutions when performing works on construction of external and internal bearing walls with the use of combined permanent formwork. The technology allows to reduce the construction time by combining in the system of the retained formwork unit three technological processes, which are performed simultaneously by one group of contractors - erection, insulation and wall decoration. Depending on the thickness of the insulation in such houses and buildings, it is possible to achieve close to zero energy consumption.
Role of potential-determining ions and water molecules in the structure formation of cement compositions
Authors: Plugin A , Kostyuk T , Bondarenko D , Pluhin O , Arutyunov V
Published: August 2020

The paper is concerned with dealing with an urgent problem of present-day construction materials science and engineering such as increasing the strength of cement stone when using finely dispersed fillers. It has been found that the physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement-based materials largely depend on the strength of the cement matrix modified by finely dispersed fillers, in particular, on the electric surface properties of all components and pore walls (equilibrium electric surface potential and double electric layer with potential-determining ions and counter-ions and at the interface between the solid phase and water). Studies were conducted to determine the values of equilibrium electric surface potentials of perlite and glass hollow microspheres. The system-forming hierarchical structure of water acting as a matrix or a crystal-forming platform for the synthesis of spatial structures during the formation of a crystalline cage on the surface of micro-fillers was substantiated. The assembly elements of these systematized structures were investigated using electron microscopy. It should be noted that when water films are supersaturated with ions during cement hydration, crystals nucleate and grow on the surface of micro-fillers, which leads to self-compaction and hardening of the cement matrix at the microlevel.
Modification of the structure of the stabilized basalt fiber
Authors: Gots V I , Palchyk P P , Tymoshenko S A , Palchyk S P
Published: August 2020

The study of thermophysical, physical-mechanical and acoustic characteristics of coarse continuous basalt fiber in the conditions of influence of operational factors and corrosion environment is carried out. It is shown that obtaining barrier materials with high thermophysical and acoustic properties is possible by creating a porous system in the material with a predetermined textural characteristic of pores of different class, purpose and combination. The influence of the porous system of coarse continuous basalt fiber on the operational properties of flexible heat and sound insulation products and materials has been studied. It is determined that the performance characteristics of flexible thermal insulation materials are in direct proportion to the degree of porosity of the constituent materials and their structural characteristics. Shown that the increase in the operating temperature of these materials, sound and thermal resistance is determined by the chemical and mineralogical composition of the source materials and their structural characteristics. The influence of the mechanism of selective leaching of coarse continuous basalt fibers on their textural characteristics and the zone of operating temperatures is studied.
Innovative building materials in creation an architectural environment
Authors: Abyzov V A , Pushkarova K K , Kochevykh M O , Honchar O A , Bazeliuk N L
Published: August 2020

Progressive building materials and technologies can ensure not only the durability of buildings and structures that are operated in difficult conditions and the consumption of a minimum amount of energy with little impact on the environment, but also will contribute to the creation of an effective and harmonious architectural environment in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development. An important role in solving these problems is assigned to recycled (reusable materials); traditional natural and local building materials that due to technical progress have gained new prospects for use in modern environmental and energy-efficient structures and buildings (“old-new” natural materials); nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, the use of which will not only improve the quality and properties of materials, and, accordingly, the environment, but also create completely new materials and architectural solutions with a set of properties. The purpose of this study is generalization, systematization and examination of these innovative materials and products.
Optimization of the composition of hydrophobized cellular concrete according to its moisture-transporting and water-holding characteristics
Authors: Lapovska S D , Klapchenko V I , Krasnianskyi G Iu , Gasan Yu G , Kuznetsova I O
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of obtaining information about frost resistance and strength of concrete based on the analysis of its moisture-transporting and equilibrium water-holding properties. The dependences of the moisture diffusion coefficient, equilibrium moisture content at various values of relative humidity and porosity of autoclaved cellular concrete specimens on the concentration of water-repellent additive were studied. A comparison of the results of these measurements with the data on frost resistance, got by the direct method according to the current standards, have been made. It is shown, that moisture-transporting and water-holding characteristics can be used to assign concrete compositions optimal in frost resistance and strength. The mechanisms of the influence of water repellent on the frost resistance at its various concentrations are considered. It has been established that the composition of cellular concrete containing 2% water-repellent additive is optimal.
Utilization of chemical waste and by-products as one of technological progress directions
Authors: Gabitov A I , Ryazanova V A , Rolnik L Z , Salov A S , Timofeev V A
Published: August 2020

Getting cement-free lime-containing binder by firing thereof and mixed grinding of sand together with solid sludge of still waste liquid being bulk waste of soda ash production is analyzed herein. The experience of making masonry autoclaved concrete blocks and construction of low-rise residential houses therefrom is presented. Lime-containing sludge of still waste liquid, i.e. waste of soda ash production, is shown to be prospective raw material in making construction materials as a substitute for lime.
Innovative Thermal Insulation Materials with Dual Properties
Authors: Plakhotnikov K , Starkova O , Dedenova O , Bondarenko D , Demina O
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the results of development and research of an innovative thin-layer thermal insulation material that protects the building from heat loss due to thermal radiation. The material is a dry mortar of cement binder and filler of hollow aluminosilicate microspheres. A thin-layer coating made from this optimally combines the functions of effective heat protection and external finishing warm plastering that is advantageous when reconstructing and restoring historical objects with a lavish decoration. The conducted studies have shown that aluminosilicate microspheres in the composite thermal insulation coating are also involved in the reflection of infrared radiation. The use of Class 2 admixtures made it possible to synthesize additional crystalline hydrates with the aluminate phase of clinker brick, which contributed to the strengthening of the cement composite at the micro- and submicrolevels. This was confirmed by electron microscopy. For the developed composition of the mineral thin-layer thermal insulation coating, the cost of the mixture is almost 3 times lower than for the known composition of the thermal insulation coating on the polymer binder. In addition, unlike polymer analogs, there are no restrictions in terms of temperature and service life. The thermal insulation coating may be applied both exteriorly and interiorly with no condensation being formed between the wall and the coating. Applying the developed thin-layer thermal insulation coating on a brick wall measuring 10 m by 10 m in the climatic conditions of Kharkiv allows reducing heat consumption by 0.188% per 1 m2 per year.
Comparative evaluation of quality of hard and special paving grade bitumen’s
Authors: Pyrig Y , Galkin A , Oksak S
Published: August 2020

The application of hard paving grade bitumen or polymer modified bitumen is one of the solutions to prevent a creep of road pavement. The implementation of special hard bitumen and multigrade bitumen starts at 80-th of the last century in a purpose to construct high module asphalt pavement. The results of comparative evaluation of conventional and fundamental (cohesion, adhesion, viscosity) quality indicators for hard paving grade bitumen and multigrade bitumen are given in the article. Low value of temperature susceptibility and a wide plasticity interval are obtained as characteristics of multigrade bitumen. The same is inherent to the air-blown bitumen, with a “gel” type structure. Low ductility and a significant change in softening point temperature after hardening can be considered as disadvantages of multigrade bitumen.
Compatibility analysis of superplastisizers with different types of cements
Authors: Tolmachov S M , Belichenko O A , Tolmachov D S
Published: August 2020

The article considers the urgent issue of improving the quality and durability of road cement concrete. It is shown that the decrease of the quality of concrete mixtures and concrete is often due to incompatibility between cement and superplasticizer. This can happen if the same superplasticizer is used, but different cements of the same plant. This also happens if superplasticizers of the same type, but of different manufacturers, with the same cement are used. Therefore, it is important to quickly assess the compatibility of cement and superplasticizer at the stage of concrete mix design. The article proposes to evaluate the compatibility by changing the properties of cement paste without superplasticizer and with it. It is shown that compatibility can be established within a few hours. Based on the experiments, it was established which superplasticizers should be used for cements of a certain mineral composition.
Research of technologies for restoration of the concrete protective layer of reinforced concrete constructions during the reconstruction of the buildings and structures
Authors: Galinsky O M , Molodid O S , Sharikina N V , Plokhuta R O
Published: August 2020

The use of reinforced concrete in modern construction is conditioned by its mechanical and physical properties. However, over time, under the influence of all sorts of factors, structures collapse and require repair work to restore quality indicators and geometric configuration. Typically, the destruction of the structure begins with the upper layers of concrete and extends in deep. Therefore, this article presents the results of experimental studies on the restoration of the surface of concrete specimens and determines the dependence of the adhesive strength of recovered concrete with the repair mix depending of the method of preparation of the surface of the base structure. Experimental studies were planned and carried out in five series, in which was changed the way the base was prepared: applying two-component glue “Erorip” (TM “MAPEI”) to the base; application of two-component “Edmock” glue (Composite LLC); with wetting the concrete surface and restoring it with a modified concrete mixture; application of “Consolid 1” and “Consolid 2” compositions (“Composite” LLC) with an interval of 24 hours; moistening the surface of the samples with water (control samples). In addition, the strength of adhesion of recovered concrete with the repair mix depending of the spatial position of the repair site was determined. For this purpose, the repair mixture was put into the formwork on the upper, lateral or lower surface of the samples. After 28 days after laying the repair mixture, the average values of adhesion strength of the recovered layers with the base were determined. It was found that in the process of restoration of the upper surface of the samples all the methods of preparation of the base gave a good adhesion of layers of concrete, during the restoration of the lateral surface the best results were obtained in series No. 1 and No. 3, while the restoration of the lower surface is effective in case preparation of the basis as for the series No 3. The results of the obtained experimental research indicates a further need to investigate the method of restoring the lateral and lower surfaces of concrete and reinforced concrete structures.
Investigation of adhesive-strength characteristics of fire-retardant epoxy polymers modified with metal-containing additives
Authors: Hryhorenko O , Zolkina Ye , Saienko N , Popov Y , Bikov R
Published: August 2020

Composite materials based on epoxy oligomers due to their unique properties are widely used in various fields of construction and mechanical engineering, including fire retardant coatings. The introduction of flame retardants and dispersed inert fillers as a rule, affects the structure of epoxy polymers. When addressing issues related to the creation of flame-retardant, composite materials, there is insufficient data on the impact of dispersed mineral fillers on their performance properties. Attention is mainly paid to the indicators of flammability, toxicity of combustion products and thermophysical properties of the coating. Therefore, the aim of this work is to conduct experimental studies of changes in the adhesive and strength characteristics of fire-retardant epoxy polymer from the content of metal-containing additives. As a result of experimental studies, it was found of that changing the component composition of the composition can vary widely the adhesive strength characteristics of fire-retardant epoxy polymers. The obtained data must be taken into account when developing epoxyamine coatings for fire protection of building structures and technological communications.
Utilization of sorted secondary PET waste - raw materials in the context of sustainable development of the modern city
Authors: Malovanyy M S , Synelnikov S D , Nagurskiy O A , Soloviy K M , Tymchuk I S
Published: August 2020

It is established that the lack of technologies for the complete utilization of secondary PET – raw material sorted from municipal solid waste - raw materials is a threat to the sustainable development of the modern city. One of the promising ways of PET disposal is to use it to encapsulate mineral fertilizers. Under the laboratory conditions, the technology of PET modification and capsule application to mineral fertilizer particles under fluidized bed conditions has been successfully tested. Conducted pilot tests of the release of nutrition elements from mineral fertilizers encapsulated with modified PET, confirmed the uniformity and quality of the coating. Pilot studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the new form of obtained fertilizers.
The Modern Shopping Centers of Kharkiv in Visitors’ Perception
Authors: Smolenska S A , Borysenko A S
Published: August 2020

Article is dedicated to revealing the qualitative characteristics of environment of five modern shopping centers of Kharkiv. Analysis is based on user reviews published on Google Maps. Review texts underwent semantic analysis with division of results under 4 qualitative categories, namely “commercial attractiveness”, “comfortability”, “energization of activity”, “aesthetic articulation of the place”. Results confirm the existence of three patterns of preferences’ distribution that correspond to three types of shopping mall by structure (by B. Maitland), these being introverted, integrated and specialized or thematic type. The figures were then compared with results from similar analysis of foreign centers. Three shopping centers of Kharkiv received positive reviews in numbers comparable with foreign ones, all of the prevalent introverted type, signalling that competition between shopping complexes in Kharkiv is not high enough for their owners to seek new spatial concepts for retail objects. Meanwhile, developed retail markets of USA and Western Europe indicate the diversification of type and spatial characteristics of shopping centers. An adoption of shopping center organization methods from western practice and its belated spread in Ukraine lead to lag in new types’ introduction. Particularly an idea of thematic narrative concept is a promising but underused resource in Kharkiv’s situation.
Creation of modern Orthodox churches in Ukraine - “as languages of Ukrainian autochthony” in the context of urban development”
Authors: Sleptsov O S , Dunaevskiy Y U
Published: August 2020

The article “Creation of modern Orthodox churches in Ukraine - “as languages of Ukrainian autochthony” in the context of urban development” is devolved to analysis of the process of revival of Ukrainian church building in the early 90s of XX century and today. It is pointed current research problems and issues. Research papers, publications, abstracts, dissertations, books of recent years by various artists, architects, founders of Ukrainian indigenous architecture are studied. Three main periods of the national architecture of the Ukrainian state (the era of Kievan Rus, Ukrainian Baroque, and Ukrainian Art Nouveau) are described. It is noted that concepts, approaches and methods of designing modern architects of Ukraine. The paper presents architectural psychotypes of the customer of the project, the architect and the priest, and also the model of interaction and influence of sociocultural tendencies on architecture of temples. The paper is supplied with figures and tables. The research provides practical and methodological advice and conclusions on the modern design of temples in Ukraine.
Performance of graphene dispersion by using mixed surfactants
Authors: Feng Bei-Bei , Wang Zhao-Hui , Suo Wen-Hua , Wang Yi , Wen Jia-Cheng , Li Yu-Fo , Suo Hong-Li , Liu Min , Ma Lin
Published: August 2020

In this work the ability of pure surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) and their mixed surfactants for graphene dispersion in aqueous solution was investigated. The uniform and stable dispersion solution was obtained for graphene with the mixtures of SDS and CTAB at lower concentration as compared to the pure one. The SDS-based surfactants exhibited better dispersion as compared to CTAB-based surfactants due to smaller-sized graphene as was investigated via Zeta potential measurements. Zeta potential was utilized to characterize the colloidal stability of surface charges within the mixtures. The mixed surfactants utilized in the present study showed a better ability to disperse graphene and its derivatives and hence are well suited for practical applications.
The difference in effects of electric current pulses on inoculation of austenite and M7C3 carbides
Authors: Geng Baoyu , Zhou Rongfeng , Li Yongkun , Wang Quiping , Jiang Yehua
Published: August 2020

It is a controversial issue whether the electric current pulse (ECP) has an inoculation effect on the solidification process. Two different high chromium cast irons were modified with the ECP above the freezing point temperature to investigate this issue. According to the statistical results of the number and size of primary phase grains, it was found that the ECP did not have an inoculation effect on the hypoeutectic high chromium cast irons (HOHCCI) whose primary phase was austenite. However, it had a significant inoculation effect on the hypereutectic high chromium cast irons (HEHCCI) whose primary phase was M7C3 carbides. The result indicates that the response of different primary phases to the ECP inoculation effect was different. The cause of the phenomenon is further analyzed by simulating the diffusion of atoms in the melt and comparing the binding forces of atomic clusters. The analysis shows that although the ECP can increase the number of atomic clusters (composition close to the primary phase) in the melt, the number of clusters retained to the nucleation temperature after the ECP removal is different because the binding forces of clusters in two melt is different.
Electronic structure and vibrational assignments of 2,5-bis[4-(n-cyclobutyldiaminomethyl)phenyl]furan
Authors: Yadav Sanjai Kumar , Yadav Garima , Yadava Umesh
Published: August 2020

Several DNA minor groove binders exhibit numerous therapeutic applications. The crystal structure demonstrating 2,5-bis[4-(N-cyclobutyldiaminomethyl)phenyl]furan binding within the minor groove of DNA has been reported by Simpson et al (2000 Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
10 2593). In the present study, computational investigations on the title compound have been carried out which comprise geometry optimization, HOMO-LUMO, dipole moment, Molecular electrostatic potential(MEP), thermodynamic parameters, and IR assignments using the B3LYP/6-31G** method. The true minimum was long-established by the nonappearance of negative wavenumbers. A comparison of optimized parameters with crystallographic structure demonstrates slight variations in the conformations of the cyclobutyl groups. A small HOMO-LUMO gap indicates the high chemical reactivity and inter molecule charge transferability. The vibrational spectra of the molecule calculated in 400–3800 cm−1 region, reproduce reliable IR assignments. Bearing in mind the high pharmaceutical significance of minor groove binders and a variety of flexible options accessible for lead optimization will be a bountiful ground for the development of drugs targeting minor grooves.
𝐙/𝐦-graded Lie algebras and perverse sheaves, IV
Authors: Lusztig George , Yun Zhiwei
Published: August 2020

Let

G
G

be a reductive group over

C

\mathbf {C}

. Assume that the Lie algebra

g
\frak g

of

G
G

has a given grading

(

g
j

)

(\frak g_j)

indexed by a cyclic group

Z

/

m

\mathbf {Z}/m

such that

g
0

\frak g_0

contains a Cartan subalgebra of

g
\frak g

. The subgroup

G
0

G_0

of

G
G

corresponding to

g
0

\frak g_0

acts on the variety of nilpotent elements in

g
1

\frak g_1

with finitely many orbits. We are interested in computing the local intersection cohomology of closures of these orbits with coefficients in irreducible

G
0

G_0

-equivariant local systems in the case of the principal block. We show that these can be computed by a purely combinatorial algorithm.
Corrigendum to “Orlik-Solomon-type presentations for the cohomology algebra of toric arrangements”
Authors: Callegaro Filippo , D’Adderio Michele , Delucchi Emanuele , Migliorini Luca , Pagaria Roberto
Published: August 2020

In this short note we correct the statement of the main result of [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 373 (2020), no. 3, 1909–1940]. That paper presented the rational cohomology ring of a toric arrangement by generators and relations. One of the series of relations given in the paper is indexed over the set circuits in the arrangement’s arithmetic matroid. That series of relations should however be indexed over all sets

X
X

with

|
X
|
=
rk
⁡
(
X
)
+
1

\lvert X \rvert =\operatorname {rk}(X)+1

. Below we give the complete and correct presentation of the rational cohomology ring.
XK is a partner for VPS13A: a molecular link between Chorea-Acanthocytosis and McLeod Syndrome
Authors: Park Jae-Sook , Neiman Aaron M.
Published: August 2020

Chorea Acanthocytosis and McLeod Syndrome are similar neurodegenerative disorders caused by mutations in the VPS13A and XK genes, respectively. The VPS13A and XK proteins form a complex, suggesting that dysfunction of this complex is the common basis for both diseases.
How Can We Be Ready to Study History in the Age of Abundance? A Response
Authors: Milligan Ian
Published: August 2020

Ian Milligan’s History in the Age of Abundance? How the Web Is Transforming Historical Research (2019) presents and interrogates the challenges and opportunities that born-digital materials have for historians. Milligan argues that historians who wish to grapple with the archived internet need to think much more aggressively about engaging with digital methods and tools that can complement and extend the well-honed practices of close reading with approaches that can help analyze the vast and often unstructured archives of internet data. In this AHR Review Roundtable, three historians—Jo Guldi, Tim Hitchcock, and Michelle Moravec, all of whom incorporate digital approaches and concerns into their work—engage with a set of questions developed by Digital Scholarship Librarian Daniel J. Story, to discuss Milligan’s treatment of the digital archive of the web and its implications for historians’ work. Milligan offers a response to these insights and critiques, emphasizing the need for the historical discipline to change from within and build upon its valuable qualities.
Concerns About the Special Article on Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin in High-Risk Outpatients With COVID-19
Authors: Fox Matthew P , D’Agostino McGowan Lucy , James Bryan D , Lessler Justin , Mehta Shruti H , Murray Eleanor J
Published: August 2020

In May 2020, the Journal published an opinion piece by a member of the Editorial Board, in which the author reviewed several papers and argued that using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) + azithromycin (AZ) early to treat symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in high-risk patients should be broadly applied. As members of the Journal’s Editorial Board, we are strongly supportive of open debate in science, which is essential even on highly contentious issues. However, we must also be thorough in our examination of the facts and open to changing our minds when new information arises. In this commentary, we document several important errors in the manuscript, review the literature presented, and demonstrate why it is not of sufficient quality to support scale up of HCQ + AZ, and then discuss the literature that has been generated since the publication, which also does not support use of this therapy. Unfortunately, the current scientific evidence does not support HCQ + AZ as an effective treatment for COVID-19, if it ever did, and even suggests many risks. Continuing to push the view that it is an essential treatment in the face of this evidence is irresponsible and harmful to the many people already suffering from infection.
A survey on deep learning in DNA/RNA motif mining
Authors: He Ying , Shen Zhen , Zhang Qinhu , Wang Siguo , Huang De-Shuang
Published: August 2020

DNA/RNA motif mining is the foundation of gene function research. The DNA/RNA motif mining plays an extremely important role in identifying the DNA- or RNA-protein binding site, which helps to understand the mechanism of gene regulation and management. For the past few decades, researchers have been working on designing new efficient and accurate algorithms for mining motif. These algorithms can be roughly divided into two categories: the enumeration approach and the probabilistic method. In recent years, machine learning methods had made great progress, especially the algorithm represented by deep learning had achieved good performance. Existing deep learning methods in motif mining can be roughly divided into three types of models: convolutional neural network (CNN) based models, recurrent neural network (RNN) based models, and hybrid CNN–RNN based models. We introduce the application of deep learning in the field of motif mining in terms of data preprocessing, features of existing deep learning architectures and comparing the differences between the basic deep learning models. Through the analysis and comparison of existing deep learning methods, we found that the more complex models tend to perform better than simple ones when data are sufficient, and the current methods are relatively simple compared with other fields such as computer vision, language processing (NLP), computer games, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a summary in motif mining by deep learning, which can help researchers understand this field.
Robust Huber-LASSO for improved prediction of protein, metabolite and gene expression levels relying on individual genotype data
Authors: Deutelmoser Heike , Scherer Dominique , Brenner Hermann , Waldenberger Melanie ,   INTERVAL study, Suhre Karsten , Kastenmüller Gabi , Lorenzo Bermejo Justo
Published: August 2020

Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression is often applied to select the most promising set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a molecular phenotype of interest. While the penalization parameter λ restricts the number of selected SNPs and the potential model overfitting, the least-squares loss function of standard LASSO regression translates into a strong dependence of statistical results on a small number of individuals with phenotypes or genotypes divergent from the majority of the study population—typically comprised of outliers and high-leverage observations.

Robust methods have been developed to constrain the influence of divergent observations and generate statistical results that apply to the bulk of study data, but they have rarely been applied to genetic association studies. In this article, we review, for newcomers to the field of robust statistics, a novel version of standard LASSO that utilizes the Huber loss function. We conduct comprehensive simulations and analyze real protein, metabolite, mRNA expression and genotype data to compare the stability of penalization, the cross-iteration concordance of the model, the false-positive and true-positive rates and the prediction accuracy of standard and robust Huber-LASSO.

Although the two methods showed controlled false-positive rates ≤2.1% and similar true-positive rates, robust Huber-LASSO outperformed standard LASSO in the accuracy of predicted protein, metabolite and gene expression levels using individual SNP data. The conducted simulations and real-data analyses show that robust Huber-LASSO represents a valuable alternative to standard LASSO in genetic studies of molecular phenotypes.
Classification in biological networks with hypergraphlet kernels
Authors: Lugo-Martinez Jose , Zeiberg Daniel , Gaudelet Thomas , Malod-Dognin Noël , Przulj Natasa , Radivojac Predrag
Published: August 2020

Motivation

Biological and cellular systems are often modeled as graphs in which vertices represent objects of interest (genes, proteins and drugs) and edges represent relational ties between these objects (binds-to, interacts-with and regulates). This approach has been highly successful owing to the theory, methodology and software that support analysis and learning on graphs. Graphs, however, suffer from information loss when modeling physical systems due to their inability to accurately represent multiobject relationships. Hypergraphs, a generalization of graphs, provide a framework to mitigate information loss and unify disparate graph-based methodologies.

Results

We present a hypergraph-based approach for modeling biological systems and formulate vertex classification, edge classification and link prediction problems on (hyper)graphs as instances of vertex classification on (extended, dual) hypergraphs. We then introduce a novel kernel method on vertex- and edge-labeled (colored) hypergraphs for analysis and learning. The method is based on exact and inexact (via hypergraph edit distances) enumeration of hypergraphlets; i.e. small hypergraphs rooted at a vertex of interest. We empirically evaluate this method on fifteen biological networks and show its potential use in a positive-unlabeled setting to estimate the interactome sizes in various species.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/jlugomar/hypergraphlet-kernels

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ding Wern Yew , Gupta Dhiraj , Wong Christopher F , Lip Gregory Y H
Published: August 2020

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are closely related conditions with shared risk factors. The growing prevalence of both AF and CKD indicates that more patients will suffer from concurrent conditions. There are various complex interlinking mechanisms with important implications for the management of these patients. Furthermore, there is uncertainty regarding the use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in AF and CKD that is reflected by a lack of consensus between international guidelines. Therefore, the importance of understanding the implications of co-existing AF and CKD should not be underestimated. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and association between AF and CKD, including the underlying mechanisms, risk of thrombo-embolic and bleeding complications, influence on stroke management, and evidence surrounding the use of OAC for stroke prevention.
Surface ammonium loading rate shifts ammonia-oxidizing communities in surface water-fed rapid sand filters
Authors: Hu Jiajie , Zhao Yuxiang , Yang Weiling , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Huan , Zheng Ping , Hu Baolan
Published: August 2020

Nitrification is important in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) for ammonia removal and is widely considered as a stepwise process mediated by ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms. The recent discovery of complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) has challenged the long-held assumption that the division of metabolic labor in nitrification is obligate. However, little is known about the role of comammox Nitrospira in DWTPs. Here, we explored the relative importance of comammox Nitrospira, canonical ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in 12 surface water-fed rapid sand filters (RSFs). Quantitative PCR results showed that all the three ammonia-oxidizing guilds had the potential to dominate nitrification in DWTPs. Spearman's correlation and redundancy analysis revealed that the surface ammonium loading rate (SLR) was the key environmental factor influencing ammonia-oxidizing communities. Comammox Nitrospira were likely to dominate the nitrification under a higher SLR. PCR and phylogenetic analysis indicated that most comammox Nitrospira belonged to clade A, with clade B comammox Nitrospira almost absent. This work reveals obvious differences in ammonia-oxidizing communities between surface water-fed and groundwater-fed RSFs. The presence of comammox Nitrospira can support the stability of drinking water production systems under high SLR and warrants further investigation of their impact on drinking water quality.
Chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies is superior to white-light endoscopy for the long-term follow-up detection of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis patients: a multicenter randomized–controlled trial
Authors: Wan Jian , Zhang Qin , Liang Shu-Hui , Zhong Jie , Li Jing-Nan , Ran Zhi-Hua , Zhi Fa-Chao , Wang Xiao-Di , Zhang Xiao-Lan , Wen Zhong-Hui , Sheng Jian-Qiu , Shi Hua-Xiu , Mei Qiao , Wu Kai-Chun
Published: August 2020

Background

Data from single-center experience or small sample-sized studies have shown that chromoendoscopy (CE) might be superior to white-light endoscopy (WLE) for dysplasia surveillance in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. We performed a prospective randomized trial with a long-term follow-up to compare the detection rate of dysplasia among WLE with targeted biopsies (WLT), WLE with random biopsies (WLR), and dye-based CE with targeted biopsies (CET) in UC patients.

Methods

Patients with long-standing UC were enrolled from 11 medical centers from March 2012 to December 2013 and randomized into three arms (WLT, WLR, and CET). Only high-definition endoscopy was used in all three groups. The patients were followed up by annual endoscopy with biopsies through December 2017.

Results

With a median follow-up time of 55 months, a total of 122 patients with 447 colonoscopies were finally analysed in the per-protocol set: WLT (n = 43), WLR (n = 40), and CET (n = 39). A total of 34 dysplastic lesions were found in 29 colonoscopies of 21 patients. WLR and CET could identify more colonoscopies that diagnosed dysplasia than WLT (8.1% and 9.7% vs 1.9%; P = 0.014 and 0.004, respectively). WLR obtained more biopsied samples than WLT and CET (16.4 ± 5.1 vs 4.3 ± 1.4 and 4.3 ± 1.4; both P < 0.001). During the second half of the follow-up (37 − 69 months), CET could identify more colonoscopies that diagnosed dysplasia than WLT (13.3% vs 1.6%, P = 0.015) and showed a trend for increasing the detection rate compared with WLR (13.3% vs 4.9%, P = 0.107).

Conclusions

For a better outcome of cancer/dysplasia surveillance in patients with long-standing UC, CET appeared to be more effective than WLT and less tedious than WLR. CET was found to be particularly useful when a long-term (>3 years) follow-up was conducted for dysplasia surveillance. The trial was registered on www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1900023689).
Adaptive Divergence of Meiotic Recombination Rate in Ecological Speciation
Authors: Neupane Swatantra , Xu Sen
Published: August 2020

Theories predict that directional selection during adaptation to a novel habitat results in elevated meiotic recombination rate. Yet the lack of population-level recombination rate data leaves this hypothesis untested in natural populations. Here, we examine the population-level recombination rate variation in two incipient ecological species, the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex (an ephemeral-pond species) and Daphnia pulicaria (a permanent-lake species). The divergence of D. pulicaria from D. pulex involved habitat shifts from pond to lake habitats as well as strong local adaptation due to directional selection. Using a novel single-sperm genotyping approach, we estimated the male-specific recombination rate of two linkage groups in multiple populations of each species in common garden experiments and identified a significantly elevated recombination rate in D. pulicaria. Most importantly, population genetic analyses show that the divergence in recombination rate between these two species is most likely due to divergent selection in distinct ecological habitats rather than neutral evolution.
The Genome of the Cauliflower Coral Pocillopora verrucosa
Authors: Buitrago-López Carol , Mariappan Kiruthiga G , Cárdenas Anny , Gegner Hagen M , Voolstra Christian R
Published: August 2020

Climate change and ocean warming threaten the persistence of corals worldwide. Genomic resources are critical to study the evolutionary trajectory, adaptive potential, and genetic distinctiveness of coral species. Here, we provide a reference genome of the cauliflower coral Pocillopora verrucosa, a broadly prevalent reef-building coral with important ecological roles in the maintenance of reefs across the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. The genome has an assembly size of 380,505,698 bp with a scaffold N50 of 333,696 bp and a contig N50 of 75,704 bp. The annotation of the assembled genome returned 27,439 gene models of which 89.88% have evidence of transcription from RNA-Seq data and 97.87% show homology to known genes. A high proportion of the genome (41.22%) comprised repetitive elements in comparison to other cnidarian genomes, in particular in relation to the small genome size of P. verrucosa.
Nursing Home Social Workers Perceptions of Preparedness and Coping for COVID-19
Authors: Miller Vivian J , Fields Noelle L , Anderson Keith A , Kusmaul Nancy , Maxwell Christy
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Social work has a long history of responding to the needs of vulnerable populations during times of crisis and disaster. Social workers are working at the front lines responding to the current COVID-19 pandemic in a variety of health care practice settings, including nursing homes; however, it is unclear how social workers perceive their preparedness during this time.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional survey to nursing home social workers via social media on feelings of preparedness for COVID-19, what has been most professionally helpful for social workers during these times in their role in COVID-19, as well as demographic questions. Demographic data were analyzed using SPSS and qualitative data were analyzed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction technique.

Results

Data are based on a sample of 63 (N = 63) nursing home social workers. Findings revealed that while some social workers felt prepared for the coronavirus, many respondents stated that they were unprepared to meet the demands and challenges they were facing. Moreover, participants shared that professional support was critically important to get through COVID-19.

Discussion

These findings are important, as social workers are tasked with ensuring each resident attains their highest level of psychosocial well-being, which can be achieved only when nursing home staff are supported. Findings from the present study suggest that additional support for nursing home staff ought to include peer mentoring and mutual support. Additionally, improved leadership across health care settings is worth assessing.
Site-specific characterization of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain
Authors: Antonopoulos Aristotelis , Broome Steven , Sharov Victor , Ziegenfuss Christopher , Easton Richard L , Panico Maria , Dell Anne , Morris Howard R , Haslam Stuart M
Published: August 2020

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the infective agent causing COVID-19, is having a global impact both in terms of human disease as well as socially and economically. Its heavily glycosylated spike glycoprotein is fundamental for the infection process, via its receptor-binding domains interaction with the glycoprotein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 on human cell surfaces. We therefore utilized an integrated glycomic and glycoproteomic analytical strategy to characterize both N- and O- glycan site-specific glycosylation within the receptor-binding domain. We demonstrate the presence of complex-type N-glycans with unusual fucosylated LacdiNAc at both sites N331 and N343 and a single site of O-glycosylation on T323.
Temperature and body size affect recruitment and survival of sandeel across the North Sea
Authors: Henriksen Ole , Rindorf Anna , Brooks Mollie E , Lindegren Martin , van Deurs Mikael
Published: August 2020

Climate effects on marine fish depend on life stage, particularly when life stages differ in habitat utilization. In the present study, we investigated life stage-dependent responses of lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) to temperature at contrasting geographical scales. We related population density and individual growth to temperature and found different temperature responses between the first and the second years of life. During the first year of life, fish size was the single most important factor influencing sandeel abundances, indicating a positive relationship between growth and survival. In contrast, during the second year of life, autumn bottom temperature was negatively correlated with sandeel abundance, suggesting elevated mortality in warm years. Southerly areas, experiencing higher temperatures in general, were also the areas showing the strongest response to temperature. This study sheds light on how warming impacts population dynamics of one of the most important forage fishes in the North Sea and supports the discussion of underlying mechanisms.
Slipping Through the Cracks in e-Lexicography
Authors: Frankenberg-Garcia Ana , Rees Geraint Paul , Lew Robert
Published: August 2020

Despite the remarkable advances made in recent years to facilitate the lexicographer’s work of interpreting and synthesizing the complexity of language uncovered by corpora, an uncritical use of cutting-edge corpus tools and resources can instill a false sense of assurance. In this paper, authentic examples pertaining to wordlist use, collocation research and example selection that arose when compiling a real-world lexical database are discussed through the lens of problems that can easily slip through the cracks in e-lexicography. In doing so, we emphasize the importance of solid training and sound lexicographic judgment when using corpora, corpus tools and corpus-derived resources, and provide an opportunity to reflect on how e-lexicography can be further refined in the future.
Esketamine Nasal Spray for Rapid Reduction of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Who Have Active Suicide Ideation With Intent: Results of a Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized Study (ASPIRE II)
Authors: Ionescu Dawn F , Fu Dong-Jing , Qiu Xin , Lane Rosanne , Lim Pilar , Kasper Siegfried , Hough David , Drevets Wayne C , Manji Husseini , Canuso Carla M
Published: August 2020

Background

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) having active suicidal ideation with intent require immediate treatment.

Methods

This double-blind study (ASPIRE II) randomized adults (aged 18–64 years) with MDD having active suicidal ideation with intent to esketamine 84 mg or placebo nasal spray twice weekly for 4 weeks, given with comprehensive standard of care (hospitalization ≥5 days and newly initiated or optimized oral antidepressant[s]). Change from baseline to 24 hours post-first dose in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale total score (primary efficacy endpoint) was analyzed using ANCOVA. Clinical Global Impression–Severity of Suicidality–revised (key secondary endpoint) was analyzed using ANCOVA on ranks of change.

Results

Of 230 patients who were randomized (115 per arm), 227 received study drug and were included in efficacy/safety analyses; 184 (80.0%) completed double-blind treatment. Greater improvement in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale total score was observed with esketamine (mean [SD]: –15.7 [11.56]) vs placebo (–12.4 [10.43]), each with standard of care, at 24 hours (least-squares mean difference [SE]: –3.9 [1.39], 95% CI: –6.60, –1.11; 2-sided P = .006). This was also noted at the earlier (4-hour) timepoint (least-squares mean difference –4.2, 95% CI: –6.38, –1.94). Patients in both treatment groups experienced rapid reduction in Clinical Global Impression–Severity of Suicidality–revised score; the between-group difference was not statistically significant. The most common adverse events among esketamine-treated patients were dizziness, dissociation, nausea, dysgeusia, somnolence, headache, and paresthesia.

Conclusion

This study confirmed rapid and robust reduction of depressive symptoms with esketamine nasal spray in severely ill patients with MDD who have active suicidal ideation with intent.

Trial Registration: Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT03097133
On the Zeros of Non-Analytic Random Periodic Signals
Authors: Angst Jürgen , Poly Guillaume
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we investigate the local universality of the number of zeros of a random periodic signal of the form $S_n(t)=\sum _{k=1}^n a_k f(k t)$, where $f$ is a $2\pi -$periodic function satisfying weak regularity conditions and where the coefficients $a_k$ are i.i.d. random variables, which are centered with unit variance. In particular, our results hold for continuous piecewise linear functions. We prove that the number of zeros of $S_n(t)$ in a shrinking interval of size $1/n$ converges in law as $n$ goes to infinity to the number of zeros of a Gaussian process whose explicit covariance only depends on the function $f$ and not on the common law of the random coefficients $(a_k)$. As a byproduct, this entails that the point measure of the zeros of $S_n(t)$ converges in law to an explicit limit on the space of locally finite point measures on $\mathbb R$ endowed with the vague topology. The standard tools involving the regularity or even the analyticity of $f$ to establish such kind of universality results are here replaced by some high-dimensional Berry–Esseen bounds recently obtained in [ 7]. The latter allow us to prove functional Central Limit Theorems in $C^1$ or Lipschitz topology in situations where usual criteria cannot be applied due to the lack of regularity.