bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CMOS voltage-mode image sensing system
Authors: Zhang Jun Long
Published: June 2021

A CMOS image sensor consists of a light sensing region that converts photonic energy to an electrical signal and a peripheral circuitry that performs signal conditioning and post-processing. This project investgates the principle and design of CMOS active image sensors. The basic concepts and principle of CMOS image sensors are investigated. The advantages of CMOS image sensors over charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors are presented. Both passive pixel sensors (PPS) and acive pixel sensors (APS) are examined in detail. The noise of CMOS image sensors is investigated and correlated double sampling (CDS) techniques are examined. The design of APS arrays, CDS circuits and 8-bit analog to-digital converters in TSMC-0.18μm 1.8V CMOS technology is presented. The simulation results and layout of the designed CMOS image sensor are presented.
Environmental Impact Assessment for Transportation Corridors Using GIS
Authors: Ahmed Iqbal
Published: June 2021

An environmental impact study is the significant part of any transportation project development. In general, environmental assessment is a process to find out the possible impact on environments due to the effects of proposed initiatives before they are carried out. In [the] transportation sector, construction of new roads or highways may minimize congestion and reduce travel path and time but may also have an effect on [the] environment. So it is necessary to develop the best alternative routes so that natural, cultural, [and] social environmental impacts are minimized. In recent years geographic information systems (GIS) have become increasing[ly] popular for environmental studies. GIS can play a vital role for analysis and in formulating the quick mitigation plans for high-risk environments. This study articulates what environmental impacts need to be assessed in transportation corridor planning, what geospatial data are needed to support these identified impact assessment activities, and how and what GIS tools are required to facilitate the corresponding assessment activities. The Mid-Peninsula Transportation Corridor (MPTC) planning project is analyzed as a case study.
Urban Change Detection and Population Prediction Modeling Using Multitemporal Landsat TM Images
Authors: Zhao Hongmei
Published: June 2021

Urban environments belong to the most dynamic system on the earth's surface. Urban areas contain nearly half of the world's population. Understanding the growth and change brought on by urbanization is critical for urban planning, environmental studies, and resource management. This study is an attempt to present a satellite-based approach to modelling urban population growth from multitemporal and multispectral Landsat image data. The focus is placed on two aspects: detection of urban land cover changes and population prediction modeling associated with the urban expansion. The study consists of an experimental set-up to generate the land cover maps and to recognize the vegetation-impervious surface-soil (V-I-S) patterns followed by integrating population census data and remote sensing data at the city planning district level. This is done in conjunction with geographic information systems (GIS) in order to model population growth from 1996 to 2001 in the City of Mississauga, Ontario. The main findings of this research show that a total of 81.6 km² of built-up areas have been added with Mississauga's boundaries between 1985 and 2002. This accounts for 25.5% of the total area of Mississauga at the expense of non-built and water covered areas. The results show an increase of 6.5% in built-up areas in the last three years (1999-2002), which results in an average growth rate of 7 km²/year. The previous 14 years (1985-1999) have shown an increase of 19.0% in development, which equals 4.3 km²/year. The investigation also shows that a linear equation adequately describes the relationship between the population counts and the built-up area, or "C-442" area, of V-I-S components.
The effect of multi-bit correlation on the design of routing resources in field programmable gate arrays
Authors: Chen Ping
Published: June 2021

The large arithmetic-intensive applications increasingly implemented on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) challenge FPGA architects to design FPGAs that can efficiently transport large amount of multi-bit wide signals in the data-path circuits of these applications. In this work, we investigate the area efficiency of two FPGA multi-bit aware routing architectures - the sparse and the enhanced sparse architectures, and compare them with the conventional and the configuration memory sharing architectures. We found that the sparse and enhanced sparse architectures are 6-10% more efficient than the conventional architecture. Our data also show that while the configuration memory sharing architecture can achieve the highest level of theoretical area savings for multi-bit transportation, it performs poorly for circuits with 50% or less multi-bit signals. These results suggest that FPGA architects should look beyond conventional architectures in order to create more efficient routing architectures for modern FPGAs.
Welcoming communities and immigrant integration in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Clark Natasha
Published: June 2021

The term 'welcoming community' has arisen within the field of immigration studies as a concept that seeks to address ways in which communities welcome and integrate immigrants. This paper explores the concept of a welcoming community and its impact on the social integration of immigrants to smaller centres, specifically to the City of St. John's in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, using a social inclusion framework. Through an examination of the integration policies and programs undertaken in the Province and how immigrants interact with these services. I find the elements of a welcoming community exist in St. John's and that immigrants' frequency and intensity of contact with institutions that directly support settlement is high in St. John's. However, it is premature to conclude, given the recent implementation of the immigration policy in the Province and low numbers of contacts made with other institutions, that St. John's is a welcoming community and that this translates into successful social integration.
LiveDescribe : can amateurs create quality video description
Authors: Branje Carmen
Published: June 2021

This thesis explores amateur video description facilitated through the video description software program called LiveDescribe. Twelve amateur describers created video description which was reviewed by 76 sighted, low vision, and blind reviewers. It was found that describers were able to not only produce description but that their descriptions seem to be perceived as having an acceptable level of quality. Three describers were found to be rated as "good", three were rated as "weak" and the remaining six were in a "medium" category. The common factors that appeared to characterize the good describers were a soft non-obtrusive voice, a moderate amount of well placed descriptions, moderate description lengths and English as a first language spoken without an accent or regional dialect. It was found that LiveDescribe was a useful and easy to use tool and that it facilitated a video description work flow process for amateur describers.
Fundamental study of red mud based fluxes for desulphurization and dephosphorization of hot metal
Authors: Danaei Abdolkarim
Published: June 2021

Bauxite residue, also known as red mud, is generated during alumina production and is an abundant industrial waste material. Continuously increasing environmental concerns, together with scarcity of traditional mineral resources, have created a thrust to re-use the material. Red mud contains significant amounts of iron oxide and sodium hydroxide, hence a highly basic (pH > 10) slurry. In this research, the use of red mud as starting material for preparation of iron refining fluxes was evaluated.

Red mud based fluxes and hot metal were equilibrated in graphite crucibles at the temperature range of 1300 ºC to 1400 °C and oxygen partial pressures range of 10-2 atm to 10-6 atm. It was found that the sulphide capacity increases with lime addition to a maximum 32 wt% CaO and decreases with increasing A12O3, TiO2 and SiO2 content in the fluxes saturated with lime. An iron foil equilibrium technique was employed to obtain precise measurements of phosphorus distribution between carbon saturated iron and red mud based fluxes. The measurements indicate that the equilibrium phosphorus distribution ratio initially increases with rise in FeO or CaO concentration of the fluxes and then drops.

The melting behavior of the fluxes was also studied by visualizing the deformation of flux pellets as they were heated using a high temperature microscopy technique. Measurements of characteristic temperature for different fluxes indicated the melting property is a function of slag basicity. Therefore, optical basicity was used to establish a correlation between basicity of the red mud based fluxes and their melting properties.
Development of simulation model for evaluating operational performance of railroad networks
Authors: Syed Saad
Published: June 2021

Railroads move freight traffic on their network based on an overall operations plan that includes blocking, train formation, and train scheduling plans. The optimization of these operations over the entire network is integral to maximizing efficiency and minimizing costs. This thesis develops a simulation model for analyzing various operation plans of a railroad network along with guidelines for establishing a comprehensive operations plan. The objective is to move all freight on the network with minimal cost. With the model simulation and comparison of several operation plans can be performed to determine the 'best case' plan. The model implements a discrete state, deterministic simulation approach. The user-friendly software for implementation of the model was programmed in VBA and Excel. Application of the model is demonstrated using a hypothetical railroad network. The results show that the model is an effective tool in evaluating various scenarios and helping in determining the best plan.
Optimal filter bank representation in texture classification using support vector machines
Authors: Sidhu Samsher Singh
Published: June 2021

Texture analysis has been a field of study for over three decades in many fields including electrical engineering. Today, texture analysis plays a crucial role in many tasks ranging from remote sensing to medical imaging. Researchers in this field have dealt with many different approaches, all trying to achieve the goal of high classification accuracy. The main difficulty of texture analysis was the lack of ability of the tools to characterize adequately different scales of the textures effectively. The development in multi-resolution analysis such as Gabor and Wavelet Transform help to overcome this difficulty. This thesis describes the texture classification algorithm that uses the combination of statistical features and co-occurrence features of the Discrete Wavelet Transformed images. The classification accuracy is increased by using translation-invariant features generated from the Discrete Wavelet Frame Transform. The results are further improved by focussing on the transformed images used for feature extraction by using filters which essentially extract those areas of the image that discriminate themselves from other image classes. In effect, by reducing the spatial characteristics of images that contribute to the features, the texture classification method still has the ability to preserve the classification accuracy. Support Vector Machines has proved excellent performance in the area of pattern recognition problems. We have applied SVMs with the texture classification method described above and, when compared to traditional classifiers, SVM has produced more accurate classification results on the Brodatz texture album.
Finding Wolff: Intellectually Arranging the Werner Wolff Fonds at the Ryerson Image Centre
Authors: Manco Sara L.
Published: June 2021

 This thesis presents the results of an applied project in Collections Management, comprising the intellectual arrangement of the Werner Wolff fonds at the Ryerson Image Centre (RIC), and the creation of a finding aid to promote public research in the collection. Wolff was a photojournalist from the late 1930s to the 1980s who amassed a collection of over 1,300 files of photographs and related materials, which his son donated to the RIC in 2009. The project revolved around the organization of the collection inventory, a necessary step before it was possible to proceed with the intellectual arrangement of the fonds into series and sub-series with descriptions of each as set by the Canadian standard Rules for Archival Description. This thesis describes the arrangement of the fonds and the decisions made along the way. It also includes a copy of the finding aid written to promote public access to the fonds. The conclusion outlines the future needs of the collection to finalize the processing of the fonds.
Studies on the fresh properties an durability of unshrinkable fill containing recycled concrete aggregate or natural aggregates of marginal quality
Authors: Kolahdoozan Maryam
Published: June 2021

The intention of this research is to explore the feasibility of incorporating aggregates of low or marginal quality, such as Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and aggregate with high sulphate content, in U-fill mixtures. It has been determined that where RCA is used, water dissipation may be hindered due to the increase in fines caused by abrasion, hence causing an increase in hardening time. To reduce this effect, addition of natural aggregates may be necessary. Moreover, through a series of investigation it has been found that high percentages of sulphate may cause severe damage due to Ettringite and Thaumasite formation; however by incorporation of supplementary materials such as slag the deleterious effects of internal sulphate attack can be reduced. The effects of using Na2SO4 and gypsum in the presence of slag have also been investigated. Results indicated that due to the lower available calcium content within bars containing Na2SO4 expansion rate is low.
How online fashion videos affect consumer’s brand perceptions: an exhibition of academic thesis.
Authors: Payne Ryan
Published: June 2021

The objective of this research is to explore how online fashion videos affect consumers’ perception toward fashion brands. This study builds upon research in cognitive processing, attitude formation and interactive online technology. This study used optometric or gaze tracking to follow what participants focused upon when exposed to fashion videos. All participants were female, half in fashion related programs and the other half in non-fashion, non-design related programs. A semi-structured interview, visual stimuli (video), and pre-/post-questionnaire were used. The study found that participants did not fully remember videos to which they have been exposed to or content upon which they had focused. However, it is important to note that participants could recall a considerable amount of information when their eye pupils dilated during viewing. Although participants’ perceptions toward video did not show significant changes after they found out the brand name, they tended to use different words or vocabularies from the pre-questionnaire survey to describe the brand image. It is evident that the relationship between pupil dilation and memory recall is positive. As this study deals with perceptions, further investigation into participant’s memories and associations with visual attributes will provide additional considerations, particularly how associations are made and recalled by viewers over time and after exposed to a brand’s messages over a period of time.
Probabilistic Spill Occurrence Simulations and Quantitative Water Quality Risk Analysis for Chemical Spill Management
Authors: Cao Weihua
Published: June 2021

Thousands of inland chemical spills occur as a result of accidents or natural disasters each year in the world and threaten human health and the environment. More than 700 recorded inland chemical spills involving more than 1,000 types of chemical occur every year in Southern Ontario, resulting in multiple environmental impacts. Eleven regional municipalities involving 77 municipalities had experienced chemical spills in the period of 1988-2007. The majority of these chemical spills occurred at industrial plants, while pipe/hose leaks accounted for the highest proportion of total chemical spills, resulting in the largest portion of chemical spills causing surface water impacts.

A comprehensive spill management planning framework is proposed to facilitate the development of municipal spill prevention, control, and emergency response plans. In order to develop a spill management framework, simulation models termed MMCS (MATLAB-based Monto Carlo Simulation) and EMMCS (Extended MMCS) that characterizes temporal and spatial randomness and quantifies statistical uncertainty have also been developed. The MMCS model simulates the probabilistic quantifiable occurrences of inland chemical spills by time, magnitude, and location based on North America Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes, while the EMMCS model quantifies the risk of drinking water quality violation due to inland chemical spills. The models can also quantify aleatory and epistemic uncertainties through integrated bootstrap resampling technique.

Benzene spills into the St. Clair River Areas of Concern are used as a case study to demonstrate the models. The probabilistic occurrences of various NAICS codes are found to be 1.2 to 5.1 over a 10-year period. The violation-causing NAICS-based spill occurrences and the associated risks of drinking water quality impairments at the Ontario‘s intakes are found to be less than 1.4 and 37%, respectively. No drinking water quality is found to be impaired at the Michigan intakes. Uncertainty analysis indicates that simulated spill characteristics can be described by lognormal distributions and the NAICS-based risks of violation at the Ontario‘s intakes are Weibull distributed. A hypothetical case, benzene spills in the Mimico Creek watershed is used to investigate the possibility of spill characteristic transfer from one area to another area.
The Intersection of Racialized Crime and the Forced Removal of ‘Foreign Criminals’ from Canada: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Davis-Ramlochan Solange
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a critical analysis of the intersectionality of race and crime by examining the criminalization of the Black community in the Greater Toronto Area. It contextualizes the removal of ‘foreign criminals’ through Canadian deportation policies, focusing on the evolution of Bill C-44, the “danger to the public” clause, and its impact on the Afro-Caribbean community. The use of qualitative interviews involving three service providers in Trinidad and Tobago who work with deportees, as well as a young man who was recently deported from Canada, are used to highlight the negative impact of Canadian deportation policies on deported persons removed from the nation-state, as well as on the receiving country. This paper draws attention to the ways in which intersecting oppressions of race, class, spatial location, and citizenship status single out racial ‘minorities’ for increased surveillance, and justifies their perceived criminality.
Knowledge and Interpretation of Sustainable Tourism in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal: A Comparison of Key Stakeholder Groups and Implications for Sustainable Tourism Management
Authors: Wrobel Caroline
Published: June 2021

The concept of sustainable tourism (ST) has emerged as an alternative to mass tourism and it is increasingly applied to protected areas given the dual challenges of protecting the natural resource base while also meeting the demands of tourism. For its success, however, tourism stakeholders should have access to ST information and a shared understanding of the concept’s meaning.

This study examines the knowledge and interpretation of the ST concept and the important channels and sources of ST information of four key stakeholder groups in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 55 participants in three sites located along the most popular trekking routes with economies heavily reliant on tourism. Qualitative analysis revealed important differences in knowledge and interpretations of ST among stakeholders and identified how these differences are shaped by available channels of ST information. The implications on ST development and management are explored and discussed.
Humanitarian Dilemmas for the Palestinian Refugees & the Question of Return
Authors: Smoum Lina
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the situation of Palestinian refugees who have been living in Arab host countries as a result of the 1948 and 1967 Arab-Israeli wars. Although their right of return was recognized by the UN Commission on Human Rights, 7 million refugees and 450,000 internally displaced Palestinians continue to live under unfavourable conditions, constituting about seventy percent of the entire Palestinian population worldwide (10.1 million) (BADIL, n.d, para1). During the refugee experience, Palestinians have suffered from all kinds of human rights violations in different countries. However, they considered the denial of their right of return as the most significant source of grievance. The right of return has become a major political goal and mobilizing influence of Palestinian nationalism.

In this paper, I will use Iraq as a case study to demonstrate the continued instability and discrimination that Palestinians face in host countries and difficulties for stable settlement in exile. The experience of Palestinian refugees in Iraq between 1948 and 2008 indicates that even in countries where Palestinian refugees had seemingly favourable conditions, changes in political climate and their lack of citizenship rights make life in exile a perilous experience. Recognizing the issue of return as a legal and political matter, I will argue in this paper that based on the Palestinian refugees’ experience in various Arab host countries, securing the right of return should also be seen as a viable humanitarian solution. In the case of Palestinian refugees from and in Iraq, the right of return should be considered an emergency measure.
Bioconversion process of source-separated organic waste for ethanol production
Authors: Bekmuradov Valeriy
Published: June 2021

Production of biofuel such as ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is a beneficial way to
meet sustainability, energy security, and environmental goals. Lignocellulosic biomass such as
source-separated organic (SSO) waste is particularly attractive since it is widely available, often
at a negative cost, reduce the land depletion from using food-based biomass for ethanol
production and reduce the amount of generated waste. Therefore, in order to meet the future fuel
demands and cope with increasing volume of municipal waste this study was a first attempt to
use SSO as a feedstock for ethanol production.

The main objectives of the study were: a) to compare standard and modified celluloseorganic-
solvent-based lignocellulosic fractionation (COSLIF) pretreatment of SSO waste for
ethanol production in terms of enzyme savings, sugar formation and ethanol yields; b) to produce
ethanol from SSO by using modified COSLIF pretreatment and fermentation with two different
recombinant strains: Z. mobilis 8b and S. cerevisiae DA2416; and c) to develop experimental
kinetic model capable of predicting behavior of batch SSCF on SSO waste with different SSO
substrate concentrations using Berkeley Madonna program.

Based on the obtained results, it was found that SSO is an excellent feedstock material for
ethanol conversion. The efficiency of modified COSLIF pretreatment was improved by 20%
compared to standard method using ethanol washing of pretreated SSO samples during the
experimental procedures instead of acetone. On average, glucose yield from SSO samples
pretreated by modified COSLIF was about 90% compared to 10% for untreated samples. S.
cerevisiae DA2416 outperformed Z. mobilis 8b on ethanol yields during the fermentation
process, with 0.50 g ethanol/g potential sugar fed on SSO in less than 5 days, with a 96%
cellulose conversion, totalling in 150 g/L ethanol produced. A kinetic model with newly
integrated values of experimentally defined SSO feedstock constants was proven to predict the
ethanol yield accurately with substrate concentration ranges of 20 g/L - 50 g/L. Model prediction
at higher substrate concentration (e.g. 100 g/L) deviated from the experimental values,
suggesting that ethanol inhibition is a major factor in bioethanol conversion.
Failed Refugee Claimants: Negotiating Rights, Security and Citizenship
Authors: Njeru Athanas
Published: June 2021

Individuals and groups engage discursively in relationships and negotiations as they try to structure and influence the social space where they live. This engagement further constructs the social space through the use of concepts, objects and subject positions. This study examines the representation and construction of failed refugee claimants by the Canadian newsprint media. Through the use of the moral panic as envisioned by Stephen Cohen and others, the study employs critical discourse analysis to reveal complex struggles in the Canadian refugee system through the discursive activity of the government, nonprofit agencies and social networks. The study concludes that a moral panic has occurred in the Canadian refugee system and has resulted in the enactment of a new Canadian refugee system through the passing of the Balanced Refugee Reform Act Bill C-11), Protecting Canada’s Immigration Act (Bill C-31) and the Faster Removal of Foreign Criminals Act (Bill C-43).
Cataloguing Andy Warhol's Family Album : 1969 - 1974
Authors: Desgroseillers Stephanie
Published: June 2021

This thesis project discusses the preservation of acclaimed twentieth century artist Andy Warhol's Family Album. The album is comprised of Polaroid photographs he took and gathered in the early seventies. A highlight of Andy Warhol's use of instant photography, as it pertains to his life and artistic work, is provided to present a concise basis to researchers. It details the steps undertaken to safely house this valuable object to prolong its life, and the cataloging methodology followed to grant access to the album without submitting it to excessive handling wear. It also offers recommendations on the preservation of dye diffusion material such as Polaroid's Polacolor and SX-70 film types.
Structural Design Issues For Integral Abutment Bridges
Authors: Nikravan Navid
Published: June 2021

In recent years, integral abutment bridges have been increasingly used in Canada due to their low maintenance costs. Whereas a rational guideline to determine the maximum length and skew angle limits for integral bridges due to temperature variations do not exist in bridge codes. As such, structural behavior of integral bridges subjected to temperature variation was investigated through a numerical modeling. First, detailed 3D finite-element models were developed. The accuracy of finite-element models was validated against data collected from filed testing available in the literature on integral bridges subjected to the seasonal temperature variations and truck loading. Then, a parametric study was carried out to study the effects of key parameters on the performance of integral bridges when subjected to temperature variations. The numerical results indicated that number of design lanes, bridge length, abutment height, abutment-pile connection, pile size and skew angle had a significant impact on the behavior of integral bridges. Based on the data generated from the parametric study, new limits for the maximum length and skew angle of integral bridges based on displacement-ductility limit state of piles were established. Literature review revealed that live load distribution among girders in integral bridges due to truck loading conditions is as yet unavailable. This study is extended to develop new equations to estimate girder live load distribution factors for integral bridges. First, 2D and 3D finite-element models (FEMs) of integral bridges were developed. Then, a parametric study was performed to study the effects of parameters such as abutment height, abutment thickness, wingwall length, wingwall orientation, number of design lanes, span length, girder spacing and number of intermediate diaphragms. The results indicated that the live load distribution factors obtained from the FEMs were lower than those obtained from current CHBDC equations. Consequently, sets of empirical expressions were developed in the form of reduction factors that can be applied to CHBDC live load distribution factors to accurately calculate the girder distribution factors. Also, other set of equations for the live load distribution factors were developed in a similar form as that specified in CHBDC for possible inclusion in the bridge code.
Immigration and Anti-Terrorist Policies: An Analysis of Canada and the United Kingdom
Authors: Carreon-Diez Monica
Published: June 2021

This paper examines whether the evolution of immigration policies and anti-terrorism laws in Canada and the United Kingdom reflect a process of securitization of migration. The theory developed by the Copenhagen School is employed to explain the security-migration nexus and the concept of selective securitization is introduced to explicate how certain immigration categories, such as irregular migrants, asylum seekers and refugees become the preferred target of stringent immigration and anti-terrorist laws. The paper has two inter-related central arguments: that securitization of migration began to occur prior the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks which was expanded and fast-tracked thereafter; and that the negative consequences of securitization are more evident when one takes into account the violations of immigrants’ rights.
“Shall we put the heart in now?” A comparative analysis between creature features and their single reel abridgements
Authors: Alston Thomas
Published: June 2021

Single reel abridgements of commercial feature films are entering moving image archives
because home movie collections that contain them are slowly increasing in archival
representation. The abridged commercial films occupy a liminal space in between sustained
preservation efforts that focus on studio films and the current interest paid to preserving home
movies. As a result, the abridged films are being neglected. The films’ liminal status stems from
a dearth of information regarding their relationship to the original films and a clear definition of
what they are narratively and aesthetically. After analyzing fourteen abridged horror and science
fiction films found in the Ryerson Moving Image collection and comparing them to their original
counterparts this project finds that the abridged films are heavily altered in terms of narrative,
characters, and causality, and should be treated as individual objects instead of derivative
works, thus absolving their liminal status.
Coming into focus: an examination of how political actors and media outlets in Canada framed the Chaoulli v. Quebec case.
Authors: Snyder Trevor
Published: June 2021

"This paper presents the findings of a study that examined how different political actors and the media presented the Chaoulli v. Quebec case to public. As should be clear, the Chaoulli v. Quebec case was both an extremely important case and an extremely complicated one. As a result, it is important to understand how it was presented to the public.
The study was conducted in two parts. First, the specific issues frames expressed by political actors at the Supreme Court hearing were identified and mapped. This was done by examining the transcripts and factums from the hearing and noting the different problem definitions, causal interpretations, suggested remedies, and moral appeals expressed by political actors there (Entman 1993). This review revealed that three distinct specific issues frames were put forth during the hearing by three distinct sets of actors. Next, media coverage of the case was examined. Specifically, media coverage in the Toronto Star, the National Post, the Globe and Mail, and the Ottawa Citizen was examined from the day the Supreme Court heard arguments in the case until six-months after the Supreme Court announced its ruling. Using content analysis, this part of the study identified (1) the presence or absence of the specific issue frames identified in the first part of the study; (2) the type of generic news frames (e.g. the Human Interest Frame) (Semetko and Valkenburg, 2000) used to present the case, and (3) which political actors were directly quoted in coverage of the case."--Page 4.
Assessment of androgenic response potential of effluents using in vitro and in vivo methods
Authors: Bandelj Emil
Published: June 2021

The androgenic potential of a New Zealand pulp mill effluent (PME) and a Canadian PME was assessed along with a New Zealand sewage treatment plant effluent (STP) using a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods. The in vitro methods included: (1) a fish-based androgen receptor binding assay, (2) a fish-based aromatase inhibition activity assay, and (3) an analysis of gonadal sex steroid levels in exposed female mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) ovaries by radioimmunoassay. The in vivo method included a quantifiable analysis of anal fin ray length for female mosquitofish exposed to the effluents. Effluent extracts for the Canadian PME and New Zealand STP were found to have low in vitro androgenic potential compared to upstream reference extracts. All effluent extracts (Canadian PME, New Zealand PME and STP) showed a low degree of in vitro aromatase inhibition potential compared to upstream reference extracts. In vivo analysis showed no androgenic potential of the New Zealand PME and STP. The in vitro androgen receptor assay and in vivo mosquitofish bioassay did show androgenic responses for androstenedione (AD) and 1,4-androsta-diene-3,17-dione (ADD), which are two products of the microbial conversion of β-sitosterol (a plant sterol commonly found in PME) by Mycobacterium smegmatis . Also, the potential of the mosquitofish bioassay to determine anti-androgenic effects in effluents was demonstrated.
Three-dimensional filters for multiview stereoscopic applications using layered depth images
Authors: Babalis Alexander S
Published: June 2021

This thesis proposes an extension of two-dimensional (2D) spatial filtering into three-dimensions for multiview stereoscopic applications using the layered depth image (LDI) representation. The proposed filtering scheme takes advantage of the depth information available when an image is represented with layers, and can return results that are comparable to or better than 2D filtering techniques for smoothing or sharpening stereoscopic images. In addition, the proposed filtering scheme is more efficient for multiview stereoscopic applications using LDIs than conventional 2D filtering since the filter needs to be applied only once for n views, whereas 2D filtering requires each view to be filtered separately (increasing computation time).

The proposed filtering method for smoothing stereoscopic images was also subjectively evaluated in a study involving 15 people. The results from this study indicated that the proposed filtering scheme received similar scores for both viewer comfort and naturalness when compared to the 2D bilateral filter.
The meaning of Canadian citizenship in light of dual citizenship and multiculturalism in Canada
Authors: Mirtchevsky Viktoria
Published: June 2021

With multiculturalism informing policy formation related to immigration and settlement in Canada, dual citizenship is accepted. Many have argued that dual citizenship is problematic when it creates dual, and often times, competing loyalties, interests, and priorities; while others argue that dual citizenship is actually a positive development that is consistent with the Canadian culture of acceptance, tolerance and multiculturalism. This MRP will examine the connection between multiculturalism, the legality of dual and multiple citizenship in Canada and their effect on the meaning of Canadian citizenship for naturalized Canadian citizens holding dual or multiple citizenships.
Assessing The Clinical Application Of The Van Herk Margin Formula For Lung Radiotherapy
Authors: Ecclestone Gillian
Published: June 2021

In radiation therapy treatment planning, margins are added to the tumour volume to ensure that the correct radiation dose is delivered to the tumour in the presence of geometrical uncertainties. The van Herk margin formula (VHMF) was developed to calculate the minimum margin on the target to provide full coverage by 95% of the prescribed dose to 90% of the population. However, this formula is based on an ideal dose profile model that is not realistic for lung radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the VHMF for lung radiotherapy with accurate dose calculation algorithms and respiratory motion modeling. Ultimately, the VHMF ensured sufficient target coverage, with the exception of small lesions in soft tissue; however, the derived PTV margins were larger than necessary. A novel planning approach using the VHMF was tested indicating the need to account for tumour motion trajectory and plan conformity.
Factors associated with the extent of information technology use in Ontario hospitals
Authors: Chow Catherine Ka Yan
Published: June 2021

Patients, providers and society are demanding more from health care systems worldwide. As health systems evolve, the use of health information technology is one method to deliver safer, more efficient, and more effective patient care. This paper presents analysis that explores whether location, hospital type, hospital size are factors in determing the extent that IT is used in Ontario hospitals.The results show that urban hospitals use IT more extensively than non-urban hospitals. Hospital type does not have an effect on the relative extent that IT is used. Larger hospitals are likely to use IT more than smaller hospitals. Key implications for having location and size determine a hospital's use of IT are the increasing divide between urban and non-urban hospitals and the proliferation of smaller "have not" hospitals in Ontario.
Seismic Response of Ground Cylindrical and Elevated Conical Reinforced Concrete Tanks
Authors: Moslemi Mehdi
Published: June 2021

In this study, the seismic performance of concrete ground-supported cylindrical as well as liquid-filled elevated water tanks supported on concrete shaft is evaluated using the finite element method. The effects of a wide spectrum of parameters such as liquid sloshing, tank wall flexibility, vertical ground acceleration, tank aspect ratio, base fixity, and earthquake frequency content on dynamic behaviour of such structures are examined. Furthermore, the adequacy of current practice in seismic analysis and design of liquid containing structures is investigated. A comprehensive parametric study covering a wide range of tank capacities and aspect ratios found in practice today is also carried out on elevated tanks. Two different innovative strategies to reduce the seismic response of elevated tanks are examined, in the first strategy the inclined cone angle of the lower portion of the vessel is increased while in the second strategy the supporting shaft structure is isolated either from the ground or the vessel mounted on top.

The results of this study show that capability of the proposed finite element technique. Using this method, the major aspects in the fluid-structure interaction problems including wall flexibility, sloshing motion, damping properties of fluid domain, and the individual effects of impulsive and convective terms can be considered. The effects of tank wall flexibility, vertical ground acceleration, base fixity, and earthquake frequency content are found to be significant on the dynamic behaviour of liquid tanks. The parametric study indicates that the results can be utilized with high level of accuracy in seismic design applications for conical elevated tanks. This study further shows that increasing the cone angle of the vessel can result in a significant reduction in seismically induced forces of the tank, leading to an economical design of the shaft structure and the foundation system. It is also concluded that the application of passive control devices to conical elevated tanks offers a substantial benefit for the earthquake-resistant design of such structures.
Photographic Exhibition in the Anti-Cube Gallery : a Case Study of Daniel Libeskind’s Roloff Beny Gallery
Authors: Hayward Laura E.
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the installation of photography exhibitions within the unconventional gallery spaces that have been produced as a part of the relatively recent wave of “iconic” museum architecture. As a medium that has primarily been displayed within the modernist “white cube,” photography presents issues adapting to this new type of gallery interior. This thesis takes, as its case study, the Roloff Beny Gallery, managed by the Institute for Contemporary Culture (ICC) as located in Daniel Libeskind’s Michael Lee-Chin Crystal – a controversial addition to the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), Toronto, Ontario. It examines how photographic exhibitions have addressed design and installation issues in this iconic space through three photographic exhibitions
Nova Scotia’s Provincial Immigration Policy: The Failure of the Business Mentorship Program
Authors: McDonough Patricia Lynn
Published: June 2021

In 2002, the province of Nova Scotia developed a provincial nominee program that was to attract newcomers to the region for the purpose of increasing investment, creating high-value jobs and tapping into the qualifications of skilled immigrants to boost the economy. The main stream of the program was the Business Mentorship Program, which, at a cost of $130,000, was expected to attract wealthy and skilled immigrants to the region. However, Nova Scotia did not have the socio-economic conditions necessary to achieve this, nor was the program effective. The ensuing scandal has negatively impacted Nova Scotia's reputation and has cast doubt over the feasibility of the province's immigration and retention targets.
Understanding the Influence of Complementary Innovations on Niche Formation in Large Energy Technology Systems : The Case of Distributed Electricity Storage in Ontario’s Electricity System
Authors: Hiscock Jennifer
Published: June 2021

This exploratory case study finds evidence that the development of a storage technology niche in Ontario is being strategically managed through different stages by stakeholders within the system. It suggests that the complementary relationship between storage innovations and smart grid transitions supports the strategic management of a storage niche. It also suggests that the development of this niche supports the electricity system transition to smart grid. The study employs the Technology Innovation System (TIS) and Strategic Niche Management (SNM) analysis frameworks predominantly used by authors to study systems in Europe. By presenting empirical data from a jurisdiction outside of Europe, this research contributes to the growing theory on the formation of niches and the influence of complementarity on innovations in large technical systems. It also offers insights to practitioners within this sector, including the new entrants, incumbents and policy makers. Further research is recommended to determine the generalizability of these findings.
The Mark A. Freeman collection of World War II photographs at George Eastman House
Authors: Hennessey Lisa C
Published: June 2021

This thesis project is based on a collection of approximately 3000 World War II photographs, negatives, and supporting artefacts, which were donated to George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film (GEH) in 2007. The material was made and collected by Lieutenant Mark Anthony Freeman (1912-2005), a combat photographer for the US Army Signal Corps. The objectives for this project included organizing the collection and accessioning in into GEH's permanent collection as well as conducting preliminary research into Freeman and the Signal Corps in order to provide future researchers and user of the collection with an understanding of its context and scope. The thesis is divided into two parts, an analytical paper and a finding aid. The analytical paper includes a discussion of the decisions made while organizing, inventorying, accessioning, and re-housing the donation. The finding aid comprises a biography of Mark Anthony Freeman, an overview of the US Army Signal Corps with particular emphasis on the Army Pictorial Service, a map that traces the WWII route Mark Freeman, an inventory of the donation, and an annotated bibliography of relevant resources. The finding aid is conceived as a self-contained document that would be available to researchers in the Study Center at GEH.
Fresh/Mechanical/Durability Properties and Structural Performance of Enginnered Cementitious Composite (ECC)
Authors: Mavani Maulin Bipinchandra
Published: June 2021

Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is an ultra ductile concrete with strain-hardening and multiple-cracking behaviour in tension and flexure. Fresh, mechanical and durability properties of different ECC mixtures are evaluated by incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (class F, CI fly ash and slag) and different aggregate type. Experimental studies demonstrated viability of producing greener, sustainable and cost-effective ECC using locally available aggregates (crushed sand) instead of microsilica sand and fly ash (Class CI or F) of up to 70% cement replacement having similar or better fresh, mechanical and durability properties. Structural validation by small scale tests on bridge decks with ECC link slab and by push out tests to evaluate stud shear connector-ECC interaction compared with self-consolidating concrete (SCC) proved feasibility and advantages of these ECC mixes. Based on research, recommendations are made for ECC mix design and their application in link slab construction in bridge structures.