bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STEADY‐STATE LABOR TURNOVER AS OPTIMAL HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR*
Authors: Gruver Gene W. , Zeager Lester A.
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT. Models of the firm with costly labor turnover and models of migration with location‐specific consumption amenities are two standard explanations of the co‐existence of persistent wage differentials with extensive labor mobility. Labor turnover models postulate a worker quit function where the quit rate is inversely related to the regional wage differential in the steady state. We use amenity‐consumption models of migration to show conditions under which this postulate is consistent with household utility maximization. Our model extends standard amenity‐consumption analysis by making the value of amenities contingent on the “state” of the household. These household states are defined in terms of demographic, education, and health characteristics and are assumed to follow a Markov process.
A FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL MODELING AND IMPACT ANALYSIS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY BY LARGE MUNICIPALITIES IN ONTARIO, CANADA*
Authors: Hsiao Cheng , Mountain Dean C.
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT.We propose a mixed fixed and random coefficients framework for regional modeling. The framework allows the presence of both the region‐specific effects and commonality of responses across regions. Bayes solutions for estimating parameters of interest and for generating predictions are derived. Within a Bayesian framework a predictive density approach to evaluate the impact of changes is suggested. We apply the methodology to evaluate the impact of new rate structures on Ontario regional demand for electricity.
BAYESIAN SMOOTHING OF RATES IN SMALL GEOGRAPHIC AREAS*
Authors: Cressie Noel
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT.An enormous amount of socio‐economic and public‐health data come as rates (e.g., unemployment, per capita income, mortality rates, census undercount) reported in small geographic areas. The U.S. Census Bureau regularly publishes data series at the county level, although the county is often a small area chosen for administrative convenience rather than by design. The reported rates can be regarded as a noisy representation of the true geographic distribution of rates over the small areas. This article presents a Bayesian statistical method of smoothing raw rates. In order to illustrate the important features of the method, a data set on undercoverage in the 1980 U.S. Census will be used.
ON THE BIAS OF MULTIPLIER ESTIMATES*
Authors: Dietzenbacher Erik
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT. This paper considers the bias of the matrix of multipliers when the underlying data are random. The traditional approach is to specify the stochastic nature of the input coefficients directly. It is shown that this approach implies a transactions table which is biased in a most unbalanced way. Next the practitioner's point of view, i.e., taking the transactions table as the source of random errors, is adopted. One of the results states that, within each row of the multiplier matrix, either the biases are zero, or positive biases are canceled out by negative biases in the sense that their weighted average is zero. The conditions are based on the idea that information on aggregates is more exact than information on their details. The usual asumptions of independence and unbiasedness of the individual errors are avoided. The results are shown to have a direct interpretation in connection with the RAS‐updating procedure.
DELL' ECONOMETRIA*
Authors: Fossati Di Eraldo
Published: July 2006

Sommario : § I. Econometria e statistica economica. –§ 2. II modello. –§ 3. L'elemento stocastico. –§ 4. Modello statico e modello dinamico. –§ 5. Modello di equilibrio generale e modello di contabilità nazionale. –§ 6. Modello di decisione. –§ 7. L'applicazione del metodo statistico. –§ 8. L'indagine econometrica come strumento di attività politica.
LONG‐TERM FOREIGN TRADE ELASTICITIES. A NOTE.
Authors: Koyck L. M.
Published: July 2006

Summary: § 1. Tinbergen's measurement from long time series. ‐ § 2. Approximations of the distributed lag. ‐ § 3. Results of the statistical estimations; the time‐shape of the reaction.
ON THE MEANING AND MEASURE OF UNCERTAINTY*
Authors: Shackle G. L. S.
Published: July 2006

Summary§ 1. The additive procedure of numerical probability not applicable to assessment of the merit of a non‐divisible non‐seriable experiment. ‐ § 2. The difficulties of supposing that courses of action are compared by considering amultiplicity of hypotheses about the outcome of each. ‐ § 3. The essential equivalence of multiple hypotheses to two hypotheses in one class of cases. ‐ § 4. The effective equivalence of multiple hypotheses to two hypotheses in other classes of cases. ‐ § 5. The twisted σ‐curve Primary focus values. ‐ § 6. The σ‐surface. Standardised focus values. ‐ § 7. The gambler indifference map.
ON BERNOULLIAN UTILITY FOR GOODS AND MONEY
Authors: Afriat S. N.
Published: July 2006

A study is made of the hypothesis that the utility of a combination of goods is a weighted sum of Bernoullian Utilities for the separate goods. If the utility of money, at given prices for the goods, is defined as the maximum utility of goods attainable with it, it follows from this hypothesis that the utility of money also has Bernoullian form. Investigation is made of the admissibility of the hypothesis on given expediture data, and of the index‐number theory that can be founded on it. It is also considered how the utility of money under‐goes transformation as prices change.
A MODEL OF THE MATURITY PROFILE OF THE BALANCE SHEET (1)
Authors: Grove Myron A.
Published: July 2006

In this paper, the expected return‐variance of return hypothesis of investment behavior is applied to the problem ot the wealth‐holder's choice of the maturity distributions of his assets and liabilities. It is assumed that the only asset forms available to the wealth‐holder are bonds homogeneous in all respects except: the dates on which they promise with certainty to pay their face values plus interest in a single lump sum. Bonds are assumed to be available from a continuous spectrm of maturities in infinitely divisible denominations. The wealth‐holder is assuined, in addition, to make risky forecasts of the future level of interest rates.

Under these assumptions, the wealth‐holder's networth is a random variable with given mean and variance. Expected net‐worth and its variance are shown to be functions of a set of moments describing the distributions by maturity date of the wealth‐holder assets and liabilities, i. e., the wealth‐holder views the maturity distributions of his assets and liabilities as statistical frequency functions capable of being described by a set of statistical moments. These moments are then treated as the wealth‐holder's decision variables to be adjusted to maximize a utility function over expected net‐worth and its variance. Optima 1 values of these moments then describe the optimal maturity profile of the wealth‐holder's balance sheet.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN A SMALL OPEN ECONOMY AND AN ENVELOPE PROPERTY
Authors: Hsiao Frank S. T.
Published: July 2006

The first part of this paper shows in the Stolper‐Samuelson box diagram that (a) how the increased factor in the theorem will be absorbed and how the existing resources will be transferred between industries; (b) If both factors increase simultanously, there may or may not have transference of the existing resources; (c) Jone's magnification effect can be illustrated in the same box diagram. The second part of this paper relates the corollary. We have shown that (d) if diversification of production occurs, the corollary holds percentagewise only if less of the total supply of the increased factor is employed in the industry which uses this factor intensively. (e) Our proposition may also be explained by deriving the effect of factor expansion on the marginal rate of transformation; and lastly, (f) a type of envelope theorem for factor expansion may be established. The mathematical derivations are collected in the Appendix.
OPTIMAL ALLOCATION AND PRICING WHEN CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IS SUBOPTIMAL
Authors: Carey Malachy
Published: July 2006

Due to imperfect information, consumer behaviour often deviates in a systematic quantifiable way from informed optimising behaviour. This paper seeks to take account of this in deriving optimal price and allocation rules. Using a partial equilibrium approach, Part I argues that it may be possible to reconstruct consumers ‘informed’ behaviour from their observed behaviour, and to derive from this their optimal demand levels. Optimal prices, that is the prices which will induce consumers to purchase the optimal quantities, can then be derived. This pricing strategy is illustrated by the analysis of example in Parts II and III.
CONSISTENT AGGREGATION OF LINEAR ECONOMIC MODELS
Authors: Paris Quirino
Published: July 2006

The paper presents a set of conditions for exact aggregation of linear models based on duality. Such conditions admit rather general structures and allow for parametric variation of the coefficient vectors in the objective function and constraints. They do require that the activities to be aggregated be characterized by a proportionality relation. The issue of « natural » versus unrestricted weights is discussed at some lenght and the advantage of using unrestricted operators is clearly pointed out.
RELIABILITY AND REGULATION IN PRICING PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE
Authors: Uri Noel D.
Published: July 2006

The principal question addressed in this paper concerns the optimal price profile for a regulated public utility where demand is stochastic. Through the introduction of rationing costs and a rate‐of‐return constraint, marginal revenue will be approximately equated to the cost associated with satisfying the last unit of consumers’demand. This has significant implications for capacity expansion. Namely, capacity is added to keep the risk of failure minimal. As a result, to the extent that the associated costs are higher for the last unit of capacity, a higher marginal revenue and hence price will result. That is, if the marginal unit of capacity has a high operating and delivery cost and low capital cost with high reliability and consequent high total cost (e.g., an internal combustion peaking unit), the indicated result follows.

Consequently, there is a direct trade off between the level of risk of failure and marginal revenue. This provides a rationalization for the existence of the price differential between firm and interruptible customers. Finally, if the firm is contrained to earn a fair return on its capital investment, it will set prices to favor the consumers generating the expansion in capacity.
FLUCTUATING GROWTH WITH INDUCED INNOVATIONS
Authors: Rampa G. , Rampa L.
Published: July 2006

Many authors have demonstrated that stability is achieved when technical coefficient flexibility (induced by changes in factor prices) is introduced into a growth cycle model.

Since in the real world induced technical change coexists with cycles and irregular growth, the purpose of this article is to prove that removing some of the more unconvincing assumptions in these models makes those phenomena quite plausible. More precisely, the classical extreme hypothesis about accumulation is abandoned in favour of an autonomous investment function. Secondly, myopic unit‐cost‐reduction maximisation is modified by introducing uncertainty and innovating firms’risk aversion.

Bifurcation techniques are used to detect the existence of closed orbits (cycles) in the three‐dimensional differential system thus obtained. Journ. Ec. Lit. class. numb. 111, 131, 213, 621.
INTERSECTORAL TECHNOLOGY FLOWS. METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND EMPIRICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Marengo L. , Sterlacchini A.
Published: July 2006

This paper presents a critical survey of the various methodologies dealing with intersectoral flows of technology.

Firstly, we present the indirect methods based on the Input‐Output tables which are employed for the study of embodied technology transfer, with an application to Italy for the year 1982. Secondly, we sketch a formalization of Scherer's direct methodology. This is the most ambitious study of the intersectoral flows of innovations based upon an exstensive survey of the origin and use of patented innovations: strengths and weaknesses of such approach are outlined and the main empirical results are presented. Finally, we give some indications for merging the two methodologies in a more comprehensive approach, in accordance to the present understanding of the reality of the process of innovation diffusion.
TWO ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO FINANCIAL MODEL BUILDING
Authors: Panico Carlo
Published: July 2006

The paper compares the long and the short period models presented by Tobin and those that can be derived from the writings of Kaldor. It presents a Kaldorian model where the government deficit is financed through bonds and money, where inflation can occur, financial assets are allocated through portfolio decisions, and Kaldor's characterization of monetary and fiscal policies are taken into account. The model clarifies under which conditions the “Cambridge Equation” holds and reconciles two different Post‐Keynesian views on income distribution, since distributive variables are made to depend both on the rate of growth and on the money rate of interest.
COMPLEX DYNAMICS IN A KEYNESIAN GROWTH MODEL
Authors: Jarsulic Marc
Published: July 2006

This paper develops a non‐linear differential‐delay model of the Keynesian system. The non‐linearities derive from a non‐linear relationship between capacity utilization and profitability, interacting with the effect of profitability on rates of investment. Local stability properties are established analytically, and numerical techniques indicate the possibility of chaotic behavior for some configurations of parameters. The results suggest that profitability and growth can interact to produce some of the apparently stochastic components of growth cycles.
INVESTMENT, EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES: A BARGAINING APPROACH
Authors: Mezzetti Claudio
Published: July 2006

This paper analyzes a three stage game between a firm and its unionized workers. In the first period the firm decides the level of its capital stock. In the second period union and firm bargain over how many workers to hire and the wage rate, then production takes place. In the third stage new production occurs after union and firm have bargained over possible changes in the employment level and wage rate. The hiring of workers is associated with sunk training costs. The main result is that distortions in the use of labor due to sunk training costs induce distortions in the use of capital, even in the absence of sunk investment costs. Because of the strategic impact of investment on later stages of the game, the firm will not equate marginal revenue product and rental cost of capital. Underinvestment or overinvestment will result depending on whether the marginal revenue product of labor is an increasing or decreasing function of capital.
DELAYED RESPONSE TO SHOCKS IN THE NEO‐AUSTRIAN MODEL: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRAVERSE PATH
Authors: Nardini Franco
Published: July 2006

We analyse the traverse path following either the introduction of a more profitable production technique or a rise in the wage rate on the assumption that investment depends, with a time lag, on the activity level of the economic system. We compare this case with the previously studied cases of an immediate reaction and, the opposite situation, an absence of reaction.

We conclude by examining the case in which only some entrepreneurs are innovators.
A NON‐TRADABLE WAGE GOOD IN A RICARDIAN MODEL
Authors: Ho P. Sai‐wing
Published: July 2006

An increasing cost in the provision of a non‐tradable wage good presents an obstacle to accumulation which cannot be bypassed through imports. An alternative solution involves channeling the landlords' rental income into subsidizing the production of the wage good. Simulation of the model yields results which suggest that this can postpone the arrival of the stationary state, albeit temporarily. The model seems to provide a framework for interpreting the housing policies of some small but populous East Asian countries. This could shed light on the role played by the government of those countries in fostering capital accumulation by dampening wage‐cost increases.
INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION, INVESTMENT AND BORROWING WITH EXCHANGE RATE RISK AND FUTURES MARKETS
Authors: Broil Udo , Zilcha Itzhak
Published: July 2006

In this paper we consider a multinational firm under exchange rate and interest rate risks in a multiperiod model. We analyze the impact of exchange rate uncertainty and the use of currency futures on the risk‐averse firm's decisions about home and foreign production. Without any hedging markets exchange rate risk lowers foreign investment and output. However, when futures markets exist, the separation property holds. Introducing another source of uncertainty, such as the interest rate, which is nondiversifiable, affects the production in both countries, i.e., the separation property does not hold. However, we show that the adverse effect of the missing financial market (to hedge against this additional risk) disappears when international borrowing is available.
PROFITS, INVESTMENT AND BUSINESS FLUCTUATIONS
Authors: van Ees Hans , Kuper Gerard H. , Sterken Elmer
Published: July 2006

In this paper we analyze the impact of profits on investment in a simple Kaleckian investment model in which profits and capacity determine the level of investment. The analysis leads to the following conclusions. In the first place, the estimated impact of profits on investment behaviour in the Netherlands has diminished in the 1980s. The impact of the stock of capital on investment has remained constant in our sample period. In the second place, it can be observed that the impact of both profits and capital on investment is countercyclical. In periods of boom entrepreneurs prefer public capital markets as a source of investment funds, whereas in a recession they primarily rely on cheaper internal funds.
WEST GERMAN IDEAS ON EMPLOYMENT POLICY DURING THE FIRST YEARS OF THE ‘ECONOMIC MIRACLE’
Authors: Schefold Bertram
Published: July 2006

Employment policies were a concern throughout history but not always in the sense of Keynes. German neoliberals (who had anticipated Keynesian ideas around 1930) emphasised the need for productive employment in the period of growth after the war. According to the vision of a social market economy, jobs should not be only temporary, but offer lasting employment, in industries with good development prospects, and in conditions conductive to good work.
The EADV story: how it came to be
Authors: Rothenborg Hans W.
Published: July 2006

1983 The concept of a European Academy is proposed in Athens by the Danish delegation. A preliminary review of Continuing Medical Education (CME) in Europe is decided.

1984 It is agreed to ask the national dermato‐venereological organizations in Europe if they will support the EADV idea economically and in practice.

1985 Support secured from most of the national societies and organizations. EADV is agreed name; Munich is suggested as administrative seat. A preliminary board is designated to finalize statutes and working principles.

1986 Statutes discussed and revised. EADV moved to Luxembourg.

1987 The official founding of EADV October 3 in “Bâtiment Jean Monet” in Luxembourg. Professor Emiliano Panconesi elected President and offers to organize 1st EADV Congress.

1988 Athens chosen as venue for 2nd EADV Congress. Nikolas Parissis becomes Presidentelect.

1989 Statutes amended to allow ordinary membership to all European dermato‐venereolo‐gists. 1st EADV Congress in Florence. Nikolas Parissis passed away after only one month in office.

1990 Board representation opened to other than EC countries if sufficient in the EADV and are recognized by the Board. Professor John Stratigos elected President and Copenhagen is chosen as venue for 3rd EADV Congress.

1991 An executive committee is formed. 2nd EADV Congress in Athens.

1986–89: Economic support from the dermato‐venereological organizations of the EC: 3 Sw.Frcs. per member per year.
Active sensitization caused by 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate and N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
Authors: Kanerva Lasse , Estlander Tuula , Jolanki Riitta
Published: July 2006

A 45‐year‐old orthodontist became sensitized during patch tests with (meth)acrylates. Retesting showed that the sensitizing acrylics were methacrylates, namely 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Acrylates are stronger sensitizers than methacrylates, but the present report indicates that also methacrylates may sensitize at the patch test concentrations used. Accordingly, it may be necessary to use lower (meth)acrylate concentrations for patch testing.
Tissue expansion: update and prospects
Authors: Reali Umberto M.
Published: July 2006

This brief history of the development of the tissue expansion technique, from the initial intuitions of C.G. Neumann to the later applications by C. Radovan and subsequent uses, includes notes on the surgical techniques involved and the structural modifications of expanded skin. The author explains his preference for use of the external valve expander and presents data regarding use of high resolution ultrasound to monitor the thickness of expanded tissues. Dermatologists as well as surgeons should be familiar with the possible uses of this technique in the treatment of various wounds and skin lesions.
Book Review
Authors: Ghersetich Ilaria
Published: July 2006

Applied Immuno‐dermatology by Marilyn C. Ray
Treatment of fungal infections in HIV seropositive patients
Authors: Gazzard B.G.
Published: July 2006

A significant minority of HIV‐positive patients presents with fungal infections. Such infections become increasingly common in the terminal stage of the disease. It is unclear why HIV‐positive individuals should be particularly susceptible to fungal infections. Several immune abnormalities, both humoral and cellular, may be involved. Other factors, including other skin conditions and their treatment, also may increase susceptibility. There is some evidence, in HIV‐positive patients, of autoimmunity and of abnormal reactions to fungal infection. These include seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatophytoses, follicular dermatitis and candidosis. Buccal and oesophageal candidosis respond well to itraconazole, ketoconazole and fluconazole but rapidly relapse. Prophylaxis probably is not indicated, however, since symptomatic treatment quickly takes effect.
Tungiasis: report of a case *
Authors: Trevisan G. , Pauluzzi P. , Kokelj F.
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Tungiasis is a cutaneous infestation caused by a small flea, Tunga penetrans. Tungiasis is commonly found in the equatorial and subtropical zones. With the increase in world travel, the disease is now reported in Europe, in individuals who have visited countries where the disease is endemic.
Is aphthous stomatitis associated with menstrual cycle in women?
Authors: McCartan Bernard E , Sullivan Aine
Published: July 2006

Objective To establish the prevalence both of aphthae in women and of associations between aphthae and menstrual cycle.

Background We believe that little valid evidence exists for associations between recurrent aphthae and menstrual cycle.

Study Design Clients attending a well woman centre participated in a structured interview.

Results Histories of aphthae were given by 6% of 1568 women. Histories of menstrual cycle associated aphthae were given by 0.6%. Twelve percent of a group of 213 aphthae sufferers gave histories of menstrual cycle associated aphthae, 8% with clear histories of premenstrual and/or menstrual aphthae.

Conclusions A small proportion of women have clear histories of aphthae in the premenstrual period or during the menses.
Unusual presentation of pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Bardazzi Federico , Guerra Liliana , Peluso Anna Maria , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Morelli Rossella
Published: July 2006

We report a case of a 50‐year‐old man who presented with a conjunctival erosion and lesions resembling acute paronychia of several fingers. The Tzanck preparation from the conjunctiva showed the presence of acantholytic cells. Skin biopsy showed suprabasal cleft formation with acantholysis. Direct immunofluorescence revealed intercellular epidermal staining with IgG and C3. Diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris was therefore confirmed. Nail abnormalities that can be observed in pemphigus vulgaris are discussed.
Practical management of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Armstrong D.K.B. , Dinsmore W.W.
Published: July 2006

Intracavernous pharmacotherapy has become the mainstay of medical treatment of erectile failure in our genitourinary clinic. Papaverine and phentolamine are used in combination as the first line agent and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is being used for non‐responders or those patients where papaverine plus phentolamine is inappropriate. Therapy is effective in producing erections sufficient for sexual intercourse in approximately 70–80% of cases. Priapism and corporeal fibrosis represent the most important side effects. Patient education regarding injection technique and drug usage is vital with regular clinic visits to detect development of fibrotic complications and for continued patient support. Trained medical staff must be available should priapism develop. Those patients who fail to respond to intracavernous pharmacotherapy are offered a vacuum constriction device. Selected patients may be referred to Urology for further management of erectile failure or to specialist counselling services for psychosexual therapy.
Neural and vascular regulatory factors of the skin
Authors: Walsh David A. , Terenghi Giorgio , Polak Julia M.
Published: July 2006

Background Neural and vascular factors regulate many aspects of dermal function, including blood flow, inflammation, tissue repair and eccrine secretion. Abnormalities of neurovascular regulation may contribute to dermatological manifestations of a wide range of diseases including psoriasis, nodular prurigo and leprosy, diabetes mellitus and Raynaud's disease.

Aims In this review we discuss evidence for roles played by neural and vascular regulatory factors in skin, with particular reference to the regulatory peptides substance P, calcitonin gene‐related peptide. vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y and endothelin and to the important endothelial cell product nitric oxide.

Conclusions An understanding of the anatomical basis of neurovascular regulation and the changes which occur during disease may lead to novel diagnostic and prognostic tests for dermatological conditions, while an understanding of specific receptors mediating the actions of regulatory peptides will lead to the development of specific antagonists as a novel approach in clinical dermatology.
Multiple agminated Spitz nevi of the penis
Authors: Monfrecola G. , Ianniello S. , Donofrio V. , De Rosa G.
Published: July 2006

A case of a 7–year‐old boy with multiple agminated Spitz nevi of the outer part of the prepuce is described. The normal and electron microscopic pictures are presented.
New approaches to the understanding of the pathogenesis of human papilloma induced anogenital lesions The role of co‐factors and co‐infection
Authors: Bernard Catherine , Mougin Christiane , Lab Michel
Published: July 2006

Human papiliomaviruses (HPVs) are recognized as likely viral agents responsible for genital precancer lesions and squamous cell cancers in both men and women. Nevertheless, their role in genital carcinogenesis is not entirely clear. This review aims to present current knowledge in experimental, biological and clinical work of diseases associated with HPV. There are many other agents, both non‐viral and viral, which might act synergistically or separately with HPV in a multistep tumorigenic process. This article suggests that other viral agents should be considered more fully.
CA15‐3(DF3) antibody reacts to normal sweat and sebaceous glands
Authors: Ando Iwao , Yasui Shoko , Kukita Atsushi , Hino Haruko
Published: July 2006

AimTo study the localization of CA15‐3 antigen in normal skin.

BackgroundCA15‐3 antigen can be useful in the investigation of skin appendages.

MethodsSpecimens of paraffin embedded normal skin were stained by CA15‐3(DF3) monoclonal antibody.

ResultsSebaceous glands and secretory segments of sweat glands were strongly positive.

ConclusionsSkin appendages express CA15‐3 antigen in common with other epithelial gland tissues. This antigen is especially useful as a marker of the secretory segment of sweat glands.
Treatment of angiofibromas of tuberous sclerosis with carbon dioxide laser vaporization
Authors: Bajanca Rui , Leite Luiz
Published: July 2006

The therapeutic approach to angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis is a challenge for the Dermatologist. The latest treatment modalities include use of argon and carbon dioxide lasers. We describe the ease of an 18‐year‐old Caucasian boy with multiple angiofibromas on the face, treated with CO2 laser with good cosmetic results.
Post‐erythema nodosum localized acquired hypertrichosis
Authors: Bardazzi Federico , Vincenzi Colombina , Stinchi Caterina , Tosti Antonella
Published: July 2006

A 27‐year‐old woman presented with erythema nodosum on her legs. After treatment, only slight hyperpigmentation persisted at the sites of the previous erythema nodosum patches. Three months later the patient observed, at the same sites, the growth of dense tufts of fine black hairs.
The skin blanching assay with halcinonide, influence of halcinonide concentration and application time ⋆
Authors: Clarys Peter , Wets Laurens , Barel André , Gabard Bernard
Published: July 2006

Objective Instrumental colour readings (Minolta Chromameter CR200) were performed in order to quantify corticosteroid induced skin blanching.

Methods Different Halcinonide concentrations in the same vehicle ranging from 0.005% to 0.200% were tested on the volar part of the forearms. Besides dose‐response relationships we studied the influence of application time by applying the formulations under occlusion during 2, 12 and 18 h.

Results All evaluated formulations provoked a discernible blanching as indicated by the significant increase of the L* parameter and the decrease of the a* parameter. Discrimination between the different Halcinonide concentrations was possible only in the 2 h application experiment. With longer application times a similar blanching was recorded for all Halcinonide concentrations.

Conclusion Our results indicate that a shorter application time may lead to a more sensitive skin blanching assay.
Herpetiform Sweet's syndrome and leukaemia
Authors: Duguid C.M. , Otridge B. , Powell F.C.
Published: July 2006

A patient who developed atypical vesicular Sweet's syndrome (SS) resembling herpes simplex virus infection, during relapse of acute myeloid leukaemia is presented. The morphologic and histologic spectrum of SS is discussed, alerting dermatologists to atypical varients. The association with malignancy, particularly of myeloprliferative origin, is highlighted, as are features of SS that suggest the presence of an underlying malignancy.
Raynaud's phenomenon with gangrene of the digits as the revealing sign of an antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Fiallo Paolo , Nunzi Enrico
Published: July 2006

We report the case of a 37‐year‐old woman who suffered for years of Raynaud's phenomenon associated with gangrene of digits. The patient displayed high levels of circulating antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies, which on treatment with aspirin decreased significantly along with resolution of both Raynaud's phenomena and distal ischemic necrosis. To our knowledge this is the first report of an aPL syndrome featuring severe Raynaud's phenomenon as the only clinical sign. Possible pathogenetic correlations and the favourable therapeutic effect of aspirin are discussed.
Castleman's disease associated pemphigus. A form of paraneoplastic pemphigus
Authors: Vardy Daniel A. , Klapholz Laurent , Brautbar Chaim , Tambur Anat R. , Pisanty Sara , Rosenmann Eliezer , Ron Neomi , Goldenhersh Michael A.
Published: July 2006

We report a patient with Castleman's disease (angio‐follicular lymph node hyperplasia) associated with a pemphigus vulgaris‐Iike disorder. The patient had the hyaline‐vascular mediastinal type of Castleman's disease and developed painful oral erosions and penile lesions.

Histologic examination revealed an interface dermatitis including vacuolar changes, necrotic keratinocytes and a lichenoid infiltrate. In addition there was suprabasal vesiculation with acantholysis, reminiscent of pemphigus vulgaris. Direct immunoperoxidase staining for intercellular igG was positive.

HLA typing revealed that the patient did not have an HLA haplotype known to he associated with susceptibility to pemphigus.

Until now, Castleman's disease Associated Pemphigus (CDAP) has been regarded as a unique entity presenting as atypical pemphigus vulgaris. However, a review of the literature reveals that the clinical and histologic signs of CDAP are virtually identical to those of paraneoplastic pemphigus and that both entities are associated with a lymphoproiiferative disorder. We suggest that CDAP is a form of paraneoplastie pemphigus.
Aggressive Kaposi's sarcoma associated with adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid in a woman without evidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Authors: Mastrolonardo Mario , Loconsole Francesco , Conte Adele , Rantuccio Francesco
Published: July 2006

We describe the case of a 50‐year‐old Caucasian woman with Kaposi's sarcoma. After nearly 15 years of very benign course, a sudden exacerbation of the disease led to extensive involvement of the lower limbs and amputation of distal phalanxes of toes on the left foot. Of note, a previously overlooked adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid and oesophageal candidiasis were also detected in the absence of any obvious cause of immunosuppression.
Precursors of Langerhans cells
Authors: Misery Laurent , Dezutter‐Dambuyant Colette
Published: July 2006

LC are dendritic cells localized in the supra‐basal layer of the epidermis and in mucous epithelia. Their density ranges from 200 to 900 cells/mm2. Their first function is to take an antigen, process it and present the processed antigen to the lymphocytes ([1] Misery L. La cellule de Langerhans. Editions Techniques, Encycl. Méd. Chir. Dermatologie 1994;12‐220‐B‐10). They are involved in numerous diseases.

The origin of these cells has been debated but a consensus has now been reached. Langerhans cells (LC) were first described in 1868 by Paul Langerhans ([2] Über die Nerven der menschlichen Haut. Virch Arch A (Pathol Anat) 1868;44:325–337). He thought that it was a nerve cell. LC were first considered to be a component of the nervous system because their dendritic processes are similar so nerve fibers and because of their staining by gold chloride. Other authors have discussed a possible relationship with melanocytes. LC were regarded either as melanocytes, the progeny of melanocytes after division, or as melanocytes in an arrested stage of development ([3] Masson P. My conception of cellular naevi. Cancer 1951;4:9–15; [4] Fan J, Schoenfeld RJ, Hunter J. A study of the epidermal clear cells with special reference to their relationship to the cells of Langerhans. J Invest Dermatol 1959;32:445–450; [5] Zelickson AS. Granule formation in the Langerhans cell. J Invest Dermatol 1966;47:498–502). S100 protein is expressed on melanocytes, on nerve cells and on LC ([6] Cocchia D, Michetti F, Donato R. Immunochemical and immunocytochemical localization of S100 antigen in normal human skin. Nature 1981;294:85–87), but this does not imply that there is a common lineage. Subsequent research showed that this cell is in fact an immune cell.

Electron microscopy has given us a new and very important insight into the nature of LC. Thus, there is no tonofilament, no desmosome and no melanosome ([7] Birbeck MS, Breathnach AS, Everall JD. An electron microscopy study of basal melanocyte and high level clear cell (Langerhans cell) in vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 1961;37:51–63). The most important ultrastructural feature is the presence of Birbeck granules. Many experiments have pointed to a hone‐marrow origin of LC and their probable relationship with the phagocytic mononuclear cell system.
Growth inhibition of human keratinocytes by MC903 (calcipotriol) is linked to dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product
Authors: Kobayashi Teruaki , Hashimoto Koji , Yoshikawa Kunihiko
Published: July 2006

Aim This paper compares the effects of MC903 (calcipotriol) and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3; calcitriol] on differentiation and proliferation of normal human keratinocytes cultured in serum‐free medium. In order to understand the inhibitory mechanism of MC903, we examined its effect on cell cycle kinetics and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (pRB), a tumor suppressor gene products, in normal human keratinocytes.

Background The hormonally active form of vitamin D3, 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], regulates the differentiation and proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. MC903 is a novel vitamin D3 analogue which is at least 100 times less potent than 1,25(OH)2D3 in its effects on calcium homeostasis.

Methods We analyzed cell differentiation and cell cycle by flow cytometry using a FACScan, and pRB phosphorylation by Western blotting and densitometer.

Results MC903 induced growth inhibition and differentiation of human keratinocytes. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that 10‐6 M of MC903 induced cell cycle arrest in both G1/G0 (62.4 ± 0.7% versus 56.5 ± 1.7% in control, p < 0.01) and G2 + M (19.2 ± 0.3% versus 14.0 ± 0.9% in control, p < 0.01) phase. 10‐6 M of MC903 also increased the depnosphorylated pRB from 25% at 0 h to 84% at 48 h, as well as 1,25(OH)2D3.

Conclusions Since pRB phosphorylation is supposed to be essential for the progression from G1 to S phase, the inhibition of pRB phosphorylation could be responsible for the G1/G0 growth arrest induced by MC903 in normal human keratinocytes.
Immunosuppression‐induced porokeratosis of Mibelli: complete regression of lesions upon cessation of immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Gilead L. , Guberman D. , Zlotogorski A. , Vardy D.A. , Klaus S.N.
Published: July 2006

Porokeratosis developing subsequent to immunosuppressive therapy is a common and well recognized phenomenon. A previously reported case of porokeratosis showed complete remission of the lesions following discontinuation of immunosuppression. A second example of porokeratosis is presented, in which lesions appeared 2 years after bone marrow transplantation, and completely regressed after immunosuppressive therapy was stopped.
Zosteriform persistent acantholytic dermatosis and porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: Calista Donate , Feletti Stefano , Landi Giorgio
Published: July 2006

Our case refers to a 77 year‐old man with a history of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) who presented with pruritic eruption consisting of erythematous papules localized in a zosteriform area on the right part of the trunk which had appeared three years previously. He gave a history of long exposure to the sun. A biopsy showed a spongiotic pattern, dyskeratotic acantholytic cells and corp ronds in the granular layer. Diagnosis of persistent acantholytic dermatosis (Grover's disease) was made. To the best of our knowledge no case of association of PCT and persistent Grover's disease has been previously described in the dermatologic literature.
Hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate topical emulsion (Locoid Crelo®) in psoriasis
Authors: Pieérard G.E. , Lachapelle J.M. , Frentz G. , Schopf E. , Stolz E.
Published: July 2006

Aim To compare the efficacy of a new application form of hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate (H17‐B), 0.1% topical emulsion (Locoid Crelo®) with that of betamelhasone 17‐valerate (BMV) 0.1% scalp lotion (Betnovate ® lotion).

Methods Erythema, induration, scaling, pruritus and overall severity of the disease were assessed in 136 patients with moderately severe psoriasis of the scalp at the start and after two and four weeks of therapy. In addition, the effect of the Crelo® steroid‐free vehicle was assessed in 12 other patients by dry dermoscopy and squumometry.

Results Although both treatments induced a prominent overall improvement, this improvement was significantly better in the H17‐B‐treated group. H17‐B emulsion was superior in the reduction of scaling and overall severity after two weeks, and reduction of scaling, induration, overall severity and total symptom score after four weeks. Cosmetic acceptability also favoured H17‐B emulsion. This is probably related to the emollient effect which was shown after a one‐week treatment with the steroid free emulsion alone.

Conclusion The innovative H17‐B emuslion is an efficient addition to topical corticosteroid therapy of psoriasis; it is especially suitable for the treatment of the scalp and other hairy parts of the body.
Presentation of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma as a sole cutaneous lesion in a patient with human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Gaddoni Giuseppe , Aldi Mirella , Albertini Francesco
Published: July 2006

Background High‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma is a clinical criterion for the diagnosis of AIDS. Extranodal involvement is not infrequent, but the observation of skin as the only site affected is rare.

Patient A 29‐year‐old female, CDC stage 4A: history of drug use. AIDS diagnosed clinically and historically on the observation of a non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of B‐cell origin from a single cutaneous lesion.

Treatment and results There was no evidence of lymphoma in other locations apart from skin. Therapy with local radiation alone resulted in clearance at I year follow‐up.
Drug‐induced bullous pemphigoid with dermal fluorescence on salt‐split skin
Authors: Wakelin S.H. , Allen J. , Wojnarowska F.
Published: July 2006

The immunological features of drug‐induced bullous pemphigoid appear to be similar to those of idiopathic bullous pemphigoid (BP), with presence of circulating and tissue‐bound antibodies showing anti‐basement membrane zone specificity. We describe a 28‐year‐old woman who developed a widespread blistering eruption with marked involvement of the mucous membranes shortly after commencing treatment with oral flucloxacillin. The eruption gradually cleared following drug withdrawal and treatment with oral corticosteroids. Indirect immunofluorescence showed circulating IgG anti‐basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibody and C3 which bound to the dermal aspect of salt‐split skin, and direct immunofluorescence (IMF) of perilesional skin showed a linear band of C3 at the BMZ. Western immunoblotting of the patient's serum showed positive reactivity with a 180 kDa antigen in epidermal extracts and no reactivity with dermal extracts. The dermal‐binding pattern on indirect IMF with salt‐split skin only occurs in a minority of patients with BP and has not been described previously in a drug‐induced case.
Long‐term remission of stage IVa mycosis fungoides following treatment with I‐131 for concomitant thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Barrio José , Bueno Celso , Lázaro Pablo , Alonso Juan C. , Bittini Angel
Published: July 2006

Background Treatment in advanced stage mycosis fungoides is often palliative. New approaches, like radioimmunotherapy, are necessary. However, only partial responses or short‐term remissions are ohtained with all these methods.

Case report: A 37‐year‐old female had a tumor stage mycosis fungoides and a thyroid carcinoma with lymph node involvement. Both tumors are now in complete remission 9 years after following a combined treatment with I‐131 (total dose 250 mCi).

Conclusion: Further studies are needed to assess the role of I‐131 in the treatment of mycosis fungoides.
Leucocytoclastic vasculitis following nodular scabies
Authors: Mazzatenta Carlo , Fimiani Michele , Flori Laura , Andreassi Lucio
Published: July 2006

We describe the case of an 80‐year‐old man who came to our observation with a widespread form of nodular scabies. During therapy purpuric dermatitis developed and was diagnosed as leucocytoclastic vasculitis based on histological findings. Blood chemistry revealed raised levels of circulating immunocomplexes. We report this case because of the association of an unusual form of scabies with a complication only rarely associated with this disease.
Draft Minutes of the 10th Ordinary General Meeting of the EADV
Authors: Katsambas Andreas
Published: July 2006

The 10th Ordinary Meeting of the EADV took place in Lisbon, Portugal on Wednesday October 16, 1996 at the congress venue at 13.15 p.m.
Systemic treatment modalities in the management of AIDS‐related Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Hernàndez Dimas E. , Pérez José R.
Published: July 2006

Background Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common neoplasm in patients with AIDS: in some cohorts of homosexual men with AIDS, the lifetime risk of KS approaches 50%. Prognosis is either ‘good risk’ or ‘poor risk’ according to recommended staging criteria.

Objective In the present study we treated a good risk AIDS‐KS group of patients with low dose of alpha‐2 interferon (alpha‐21FN) plus AZT, and a poor risk AIDS‐KS group of patients with chemotherapy.

Study design Prospective, non‐randomized trial.

Subjects Forty‐four homosexual or bisexual male patients between 21 and 45 years old with positive ELISA for HIV, and KS, were included in the study.

Intervention Ten patients received alpha‐2 1FN plus AZT, 12 bleomycin, 12 doxorubicin‐bleomycin‐vincristine (ABV), and ten patients did not receive treatment.

Results One patient achieved complete remission, two partial remission (PR), six stable disease (SD) and one progression (P) during alpha‐2 IFN plus AZT treatment. Seven patients showed SD and five P during bleomycin treatment; and four patients achieved PR and eight SD during ABV treatment.

Outcome Despite the fact that the different systemic treatment modalities employed allowed us to achieve clinical responses, there was no significant improvement in survival.
Lichen planus pemphigoides: another paraneoplastic bullous disease?
Authors: Stavropoulos P.O. , Leonforte J.F. , Gollnick H. , Bruckner‐Tuderman L. , Zouboulis Ch.C.
Published: July 2006

Background Despite a long‐standing controversy regarding the classification of lichen planus associated with blistering, it seems likely today that bullous lichen planus and lichen planus pemphigoides are separate entities.

Patients In this presentation two patients are described: a 56‐year‐old female with bullous lichen planus developed on persisting lesions over a period of I year and an 83‐year‐old female who developed lichen planus pemphigoides during the course of thyroid‐gland carcinoma.

Conclusion Each of these two entities has its own clinical, histological. immunohistological, and immunobiochemical features. Also, the outcomes seem to be different since lesions of bullous lichen planus usually resolve after a rather short period of time: persistent lesions may possibly develop into squamous cell carcinoma. In contrast, lichen planus pemphigoides is likely to be a paraneoplastic disorder.
A survey of reactive oxygen species and their role in dermatology
Authors: Maccarrone Mauro , Catani Maria Valeria , Iraci Stefano , Melino Gerry , Agrò Alessandro Finazzi
Published: July 2006

General description It this paper we present a survey of the main reactive oxygen species (ROS). their biological sources and the array of antioxidant enzymes and antiradical molecules which constitutes the cellular detent; against ROS toxicity. We outline also the fundamentals of ROS biochemistry, in relation to the role of ROS in several human pathologies. Finally, we discuss with particular emphasis the involvement of ROS in dermatological diseases, highlighting the possible therapeutic application of antioxidants in skin care.

Learning objective The reader will learn what ROS are, the identity of the anti‐ROS defensive system in human cells and the many fold roles of ROS in human physiopathology, and thus the potential application of antioxidants in clinical therapy.