bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Genius Loci» as a resource for the development of historical areas of the city
Authors: Stepanchuk Alena , Gafurova Svetlana , Latypova Maria
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the transformation of the concept of «genius loci», in the context of the reorganization of urban areas in the historical center of the city, reveals its tangible and intangible aspects. The concept of the brand of the territory is considered as an element of preservation and development of the identity of the urban environment. Territory, selected for the study, was the Admiralty settlement of Kazan, has a rich history and demands of reorganization. The conducted complex of studies revealed the problems and resources of the territory. The results of the study are a set of recommendations, taking into account the preservation of «genius loci» and the formation of the urban environment identity, tested on the territory of the Admiralty settlement. Recommendations include the functional saturation of the territory and the development of social service facilities, reconstruction and formation of a new living environment, the preservation of cultural heritage and the industrial areas reorganization with the formation in their place of modern cultural and creative quarters, forming a common landscape and recreational frame, and cultural brand of a territory.
Architectural peculiarities of the formation and development of the garden at the rodionovov institute of noble maidens in Kazan
Authors: Fazleev Marat , Minibaeva Alfiya
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of protection and development of historical gardens in Russian educational institutions, since their current state is on the path to degradation. Most of the gardens in educational institutions lost their original appearance, garden fixtures and small architectural forms were lost and therefore there is an urgent need to preserve them.

The main results of the research consist in examining the historical aspects of Russian and foreign experience of designing and development of gardens within educational institutions and the possibility of applying this experience at present. Also, the results of the research consist in comparing and analyzing archival, iconographic and bibliographic materials after using the example of the garden at the Rodionov Institute of Noble Maidens in Kazan to identify the peculiarities of the planning structure, used location of buildings and architectural composition.

The significance of the obtained results consists in revealing the architectural and planning features of gardens at educational institutions, reviewing the list of buildings and structures located in these territories.
Interaction of clay soil components with portland cement and complex additive based on octyltriethoxysilane and sodium hydroxide
Authors: Vdovin Evgeniy , Mavliev Lenar , Stroganov Victor
Published: August 2020

Clay soils are widely used materials in various fields of science and industry in natural and modified form. The promising direction clay soils using in road construction is the use organosilicon compounds additives, which makes it possible to obtain hydrophobic and frost-resistant materials, as well as electrolytes, which gives high strength characteristics to clay soils strengthened by cement. To determine the interaction of soil and its components with complex additive based on octyltriethoxysilane OTES and sodium hydroxide SH, we tested the basic physical properties, strength and deformation characteristics of studied soil with complex additive, as well as the physicomechanical properties of kaolinite, montmorillonite, sand and silty-clay soil particles strengthened by Portland cement with the addition of OTES and SH. The use of OTES and SH additives led to increase the strength and frost resistance of kaolinite, montmorillonite, sand and silty-clay particles strengthened by cement.
Model of junctioning rigid and non-rigid road pavement
Authors: Chelushkin Ilya , Burhanuddinov Albert
Published: August 2020

The junction of sections on rigid and non-rigid road pavement is a source of severe load. In course of time residual strain causes the formation of subsidence in road surface. This is not significant defect of road pavement but it has a negative impact on driving comfort. This effect reveals itself not only for road pavement damaged by overloading. The unavailability of verification and quality control during work is not considered to be a reason of the problem. It is based on the internal physical processes that occur in the junction of sections on rigid and non-rigid road pavement under wheel loading. The issue under discussion in this article is related to the problem of the formation of non-rigid road pavement subsidence in the junction of sections of rigid and non-rigid road pavement. Subsidence at the junction of the pavement most often occurs in the area of bridge approach. The subsidence of the non-rigid road pavement can later lead to the formation of pits on the road. The reason for the formation at non-rigid road pavement subsidence is irregularities in the procedure, suffusion. It is necessary to consider the degree of impact not only of the amount of load from the wheel, but also its direction.
Composite helical micro pile’s bearing capacity
Authors: Vatin Nikolai , Ilizar Mirsayapov , Nurmukhametov Renat
Published: August 2020

It is proposed to use two options of piles’ bearing capacity calculation based on existing Russian codes. Calculation of pipe’s section for an axial load is proposed either. Results of these calculations are compared to the site tests made earlier. Comparison of test results with calculations makes clear that existing methods for helical piles calculation are too conservative. Calculated soil’s bearing strength is 6 times lower than test results. Calculation method of pipes’ FRP sections is proposed. Existing fiberglass section bears almost double of the soil’s capacity. Optimization is proposed. Research provides results of bearing strength installed to weak clay helical fiberglass micro pile. Pile was designed, produced and provided by Composite Group LLC. Pile is made with pultruded fiber reinforced polymer pipe and screw produced with cast iron. Screw is glued to the FRP pipe by epoxy. In addition rivets strengthen connection detail. This structure is stable for corrosion, ground electricity. FRP screw pile has small weight and high strength. All the benefits and disadvantages of the composite piles are described below.
Testing the superblock deck by dynamic loads
Authors: Stefurak Lyudmila , Stefurak Peter
Published: August 2020

Tyumen oil and gas industry province is being developed with the use of complete block construction. Especially increases the importance of building large blocks with installed equipment and superblocks on a floating mobile base. Styrofoam concrete is used to insulate the superblock deck. According to the developed methods, the adhesion strength of Styrofoam concrete to the superblock deck was tested and its characteristics for vibration resistance after the test were studied. The thermal characteristics of Styrofoam concrete used for superblock deck insulation are established, taking into account the vibration effects during transportation and operation. For testing, the deck fragment was installed in a climate chamber, and heat flow and temperature sensors were fixed to the surface of the fragment. As a result, it was found that dynamic loads reduce the resistance to heat transfer by 8-12 % due to the opening of cracks and the appearance of convective heat exchange. It is shown that the actual thermal resistance of the superblock deck with a thickness of 0.25 m and after exposure to dynamic loads remains at a sufficiently high level.
Connection of timber members
Authors: Kuznetsov Ivan , Gimranov Linur
Published: August 2020

Expanding applicability of timber structures, especially from engineered wood is a task of outmost importance due to wood’s replenishment properties as a material. This paper review new modification of mentioned above connections in lattice timber structures. This connection is comprised of timber members with longitudinal slot in combination with lateral round holes and steel plate with laterally welded-in rods which is inserted into the slot from the side of the timber member in direction of the holes axis. The distance between holes is equal to the distance between welded-in rods. Welded-in rods essentially work as dowels providing mandatory installation of tightening bolts laterally to the plane in which steel plate is located. The bolt holes in the plate can be larger or equal to the bolt diameter. This research focused primarily on the development of calculation methods for the described connection validated by finite element models analysis and experimental data.
Creating a node connection for scaffolding and studying its stress-strain state by means of a full-scale test
Authors: Derevyanko Evgeny , Shmelev Gennady , Khaidarov Lenar , Antonov Anatoliy , Galimullin Ilshat
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of the analysis of the stress-strain state of the developed jointing node of construction scaffolding (spatial rod temporary structures), since nodal connections are often the weakest elements of such temporary structures. The analysis of the stress-strain state of the node was performed on the basis of a full-scale experiment. The study revealed the most stressed zones in the node structure, as well as the causes of node destruction. Nodes are well known to be the weakest elements of scaffolding. It often happens that structural elements are more stable than the connections between them. Mobile spatial rod structures are very popular in construction at the present time. These structures are used for the construction of ski jumps, stands, stages and scaffolding. They are also used as support scaffolding to support the formwork of floorings. Therefore, the development of new nodal solutions, increasing the bearing capacity of nodal joints and studying their stress-strain state under various loads is a very important task.
The role of shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d) on the deflection in deep and normal reinforced concrete beams when this ratio is (1, 2, 3, and 4)
Authors: Suleymanova Ludmila , Rimshin Vladimir , Ibrahim Amer , Hameed Adham A. , Obernikhin Dimitry
Published: August 2020

This research presents an experimental study to investigate the role of shear span-to-depth (a/d) ratio for the cross-sectional area of reinforced concrete beam on the deflection in reinforced concrete beams (deep and normal beams), when the value of shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) equal to (1, 2, 3, and 4) respectively, the behavior of deep beams is significantly different from that of normal beams. Because of their proportions, deep beams are likely to have strength controlled by shear. The a/d ratio is to have a very significant role on the deflection where the values of a/d < 2 (deep beam) and the value of a/d > 2 (normal beam) according to (ACI 318-08) with the constant reinforcement ratio ρ The experimental program included casting and testing four beams with a constant width of cross section (b = 250 mm) and reinforcement ratio ρ. Also, all models of beams tested under two-point loads. The results showed that the percentage of average increasing in value of deflection in normal beam (a/d > 2) 1.68 % from value of deflection in deep beam (a/d < 2). Also, the gained deflection due to load in ranges from (10 to 110 kN) increase by (31.64 %) when a/d > 2 in TB1. moreover, the deflection due to load in ranges from (10 to 190 kN) increase by (21.28 %) when a/d < 2 in TB2. Furthermore, the gained deflection due to load in ranges from (10 to 360 kN) increase by (21.21 %) when a/d < 2 in TB3. as well as, in this research studied the role of shear span-to-effective depth ratio (a/d) on the crack width and the number of cracks.
Investigation of the influence of wind flow over the grandstand with a canopy
Authors: Galimullin Ilshat , Ippolitov Arthur , Shmelev Gennady , Khaidarov Lenar , Antonov Anatoliy , Cadyarov Ilya
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the investigation of the influence of wind flow over the grandstand with a canopy. Temporary stands with canopies are widely used for various entertainment events. The wind load is dominant for the structures of the stands with the canopy. The SP “Loads and impacts” presents the aerodynamic coefficients only for an open canopy. In the case of stands the nature of wind flow around the structure changes and the wind effect on the canopy structure changes accordingly. In this regard, it is necessary to clarify the wind load on structures of this type. The prototype object is a grandstand with a canopy. The study is performed in the ANSYS CFX software package using variations in wind flow speeds, canopy tilt, and the presence or absence of walls and other obstacles. During the study it was found that the grandstand and obstacles affect the wind pressure on the canopy. Also, quantitative comparison and analysis of the results show that peak pressures have a maximum deviation of the values of aerodynamic coefficients of 43 %.
Improving methods of strength design of normal sections of flexural concrete members reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars
Authors: Mirsayapov Ilshat , Antakov Igor , Antakov Aleksey
Published: August 2020

Theoretical and experimental studies of the strength of normal sections of flexural concrete members reinforced with FRP bars have been conducted. The test specimens were concrete beams 1810 mm long, with a rectangular section of 120×220 mm, reinforced with two bars in the tensile area. The beams were reinforced longitudinally with steel, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars. The design methods of guidelines of Russia, the USA, Canada and the European Union have been considered. There are two approaches to the strength design of normal sections – the European and the North American. The approach used in the design method of the Russian guideline SP 295.1325800.2017, when all partial safety factors are used in calculating the design characteristics of materials, causes an overestimation of the boundary values of relative depth of the compressed region ξR
. It leads to an inaccurate determination of the failure mode and possible over-reinforcement of the construction. Some corrections have been brought about to the design methods of the Russian guideline SP 295.1325800.2017. Factor β has been introduced, which takes into account prestressing of the reinforcement. As a result, the deviation of the theoretical evidence from the experimental values of failure moments decreased from 30.44 % to 13.2 %. Changes have been made to the approach for the application of safety factors, which allowed increasing the accuracy of determining the failure mode and bring the safety factor for members C to the value of 1.6 adopted by the authors.
Features of stability loss of structures on an elastic foundation
Authors: Khusnutdinov Rustem , Konoplev Yuriy , Kayumov Rashit
Published: August 2020

The features of stability loss for some models of structures on the elastic foundation (e.g. ground) modeled using the Winkler’s foundation were researched. The first model of the structure is given in form of Mises’s truss. The second one is presented as the sloping arc stressed by horizontal load. The pressure related to the deformation was considered. Researches to see how system loses stability were made. In case of Mises’s truss, the solution is obtained in algebraic form. In case of arc the solution is represented in integral-differential form. Methods to solve them are suggested. Computational investigations are made. The method of getting the critical values for load was given. It was discovered that for the lengths big enough the stability loss is accompanied by the “crackling”.
The work of the tent fence on the shearing strength in light metal structures
Authors: Valeev Ildar , Shmelev Gennady , Khaidarov Lenar , Antonov Anatoliy
Published: August 2020

Over the past decades, the use of tent fences has increased significantly. Since the application of these materials is gaining great interest in use every year, sufficient experience in the design and research of tent fencing as part of structures has not yet been obtained. For structures with the use of tent fences, the research is aimed at studying the wind impact, and especially the joint work of the frame with the awning, their overall stiffness. Modern regulatory documents do not show a complete picture of the behavior of tent materials when they are included in the work of structural frames, so there is a need to analyze and study their behavior under the influence of wind load.

In this article, the work of the tent fence is considered, as well as a numerical study of the stress-strain state of light metal structures with a tent covering is performed.
Analysis of the causes of accidents of the VIPO 32-01 hydraulic lift
Authors: Khusainov Damir , Sibgatullin Marat , Salimov Aidar
Published: August 2020

With the development of technologies, the number of accidents related to construction machines in one way or another increases. The article deals with the analysis of the causes of accidents of the VIPO 32-01 auto-hydraulic lift. According to the results of engineering and technical expertise, the cause of the accident was a break in the connection of the two upper traction chains with anchor bolts fixed to the main section of the boom. During this break, there was a spontaneous movement of the third and fourth sections of the telescopic boom of the auto-hydraulic lift. The main reason for the lack of strength of anchor bolts of the upper traction chains according to the results of the research was the use of steel grades with insufficient strength characteristics in their manufacture. Material did not have sufficient load-bearing capacity in the cross sections of the eyes of anchor bolts intended for fastening chains, for the perception of the calculated forces in the traction chains.
Combined Plate-Pile Foundations Settlement Calculation Under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Mirsayapov Ilizar T. , Shakirov Marat I.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the study is to develop a method for calculating the settlement of a combined plate-pile foundation, with taking into account the effect from the repetitive cyclic loads in the process of construction and operation of buildings and structures. Experimental researches on plate-pile foundations were conducted in laboratory tanks and the field in order to find basic laws of such foundations behavior at cyclic loading. A method has been developed for calculating the estimated subsidence of the soil base of slabs-piles, taking into account the complex stress-strain state in the system of “plate grillage-ground between the piles-ground base” under cyclic loading. The improved method for calculating the settlement of plate-pile foundations under the cyclic load action allows to increase reliability, design bearing capacity, reduce the settlement, and as a result to obtain more cost-effective design solutions by saving materials and time during the construction of this type foundations.
Development of nodal solutions for fixing cable ties in spatial rod structures
Authors: Zaynutdinov Aidar , Shmelev Gennady , Khaidarov Lenar , Antonov Anatoly , Sibgatullin Marat
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of analysis of the stress-strain state of the developed new nodal solutions for fixing cable ties in collapsible spatially strained structures, since the existing nodal solutions are not intended for connecting cable ties. During operation under extreme conditions for the structure (sudden gusts of wind, dynamic effects), it is necessary to ensure the reliability of the nodal connections of the cable ties with the struts. It is also important to maintain the speed of building structures. The mentioned ideas influence on additional moments that worsen the work of the temporary structures node. Stress-strain state analysis of the original and newly developed node was performed on the basis of both computer modeling and natural experiment, the results were compared. In the course of the conducted research, the most stressed zones in the created nodes were identified, as well as the reasons for the destruction of newly created nodes.
Rebar movement in seals under static loading
Authors: Mirsayapov Ilshat , Minzianov Rustam
Published: August 2020

All the positive qualities of reinforced concrete as a building material are ensured mainly by the joint work of reinforcement and concrete. The forces ensuring the retention of reinforcement inside the concrete were called adhesion forces. We can say that adhesion is a combination of physical and mechanical phenomena along the contact surface of reinforcement and concrete, providing their connection and resisting the movement of reinforcement relative to concrete. To describe the real phenomena occurring in the embedment of reinforcement, the actual stress-strain state in concrete and reinforcement, a new calculation model is proposed that describes the actual mechanism of operation and failure of the embedment and methods for calculating stresses in concrete and reinforcement and displacements in the reinforcement. For this, as well as to develop methods for calculating the movement of reinforcing bars and the bearing capacity of the seal, a calculation model is proposed based on the splitting model of Professor A.S. Zalesov. To calculate the movement of reinforcement, a transformed three-line diagram of the deformation of concrete with a descending branch is proposed. Based on the developed calculation model and calculation methods, theoretical dependences are obtained for determining the displacements of the reinforcement of the bar in the seal and the bearing capacity of the reinforcement anchoring. Theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data of various authors.
Method for calculating endurance based on analytical deformations of concrete and reinforcement
Authors: Mirsayapov Ilizar T
Published: August 2020

The strength of reinforced concrete structures under repeated cyclic loads is determined by the strength of concrete or reinforcement, and depends on the conditions of their joint work, as well as the parameters and loading regime. Depending on many factors fatigue failure of the reinforced concrete bending element can occur from: exhaustion of the normal section resource due to fatigue rupture of the longitudinal main reinforcement, or fatigue failure of concrete in the compressed zone; exhaustion of the resource of inclined sections due to fatigue rupture of transverse reinforcement or fatigue failure of concrete over the vertex of the inclined cracks. The results of the study of the fatigue strength of bent reinforced concrete structures indicate that the most common failure occurs from the exhaustion of the fatigue resource of normal sections. To evaluate the fatigue resource of a normal section of a bending reinforced concrete element, a calculation method is proposed based on analytical diagrams of the concrete and reinforcement deformation. The proposed method of calculation makes possible to evaluate the resource of normal sections of bending elements under cyclic loading.
Strength of reinforced concrete flat slabs for punching
Authors: Ilshat Mirsayapov , Georgy Nikitin , Midkhat Khanbekov
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the study is to analyze previously developed structural solutions of the “slab-column” unit under various modes of static and cyclic loading using various reinforcing elements and types of concrete, to compare methods for calculating the slab for punching at the fillet places with columns according to Russian, Belarusian, and European standards. Calculations at different standards give different results, which differ significantly from each other. The main objective of the study was to develop a methodology for calculating flat reinforced concrete slabs for punching using a frame-rod model of work and models of destruction of reinforced concrete in a compressive power flow. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in the fact that the results of theoretical studies are applicable to create a methodology that allows calculating the fracture from overcoming the concrete resistance to tearing, shear and crushing when forcing flat reinforced concrete slabs at the fillet places with the columns. Flat slab contribute to the maximum use of floor height, provide an effective location below the slab of utilities.
Surface modification of PVC by silica sol
Authors: Islamov Anvar , Fakhrutdmova Venera
Published: August 2020

One of the most important and widely used modern materials is polymeric composite materials based on PVC. One of the possible ways to improve the properties and increase the reliability of polymer products is their surface diffusion treatment with liquid nanomodifying components. The study investigated the possibility of using silica sol to strengthen the surface of rigid PVC. It is shown that as a result of diffusion impregnation of PVC in silica sol to a certain degree of saturation and subsequent heat treatment (in order to fix the modifier), the resulting composites have enhanced surface properties. As a result of the diffusion of silica sol into the PVC matrix and its physicochemical interaction with the latter, a modified surface layer is formed with a structure and properties that vary in its thickness. Modifying the surface of finished PVC products without changing the inner part, allows you to strengthen the whole material as a whole and increase its resistance to various external factors. At the same time, the consumption of the modifying additive is significantly reduced in comparison with the adding into the volume of the material, and its effectiveness increases due to the high local concentration on the surface.
Advances in development of calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials
Authors: Rakhimova Nailia , Rakhimov Ravil
Published: August 2020

Continuous development and expansion of the raw material base, in response to the increasing environmental and technical requirements for the most consumed commodities, are crucial for the sustainable development of resource-and energy-intensive materials and technologies, including cement production. In recent decades, calcined clays have become significant as supplementary cementitious materials for blended Portland cements. Extensive research and practical experience form the theoretical and practical bases for the application of calcined clays, which are diverse in composition and structure, for effective cement production. However, the scarcity of the most valuable pure kaolin clays has led to extensive feasibility studies on more abundant medium-and low-grade kaolin, multi-mineral kaolin, and non-kaolin clays. This paper reviews the last advances in the field of Portland cement-based systems using calcined clays containing different amounts of 1:1 and/or 2:1 type clay minerals, including their processing features, chemical reactivities, potential controlling factors, and requirements.
Prospects and features of microwave sintering in the technology of building ceramics
Authors: Zhenzhurist Irina
Published: August 2020

The results of firing samples from natural aluminum silicates in a microwave oven are considered. The possibility of sintering aluminum silicate raw materials, traditional for the production of building ceramics, is established. The phase compositions of the calcined materials are determined. The influence on the sintering process of the mineral structure of clay raw materials, the composition of the diatomite and the addition of NaCl salt was established. Samples from the mass with the addition of NaCl show high quality and increased strength of the samples. Samples from masses based on brick clay with NaCl salt, annealed in the microwave electromagnetic field, did not show a large increase in strength. For all mass compositions with NaCl, a decrease in the energy of the endothermic process was revealed in the temperature range 400-600 °C. In all mass compositions from clays with NaCl and diatomite with salt and marl, the presence of an aluminum silicate phase with a size of less than 30 nanometers was found. Masses with such a phase structure showed increased strength of the samples.
Corrosion protection of reinforcement with phosphate coatings
Authors: Konovalova Viktoriya , Rumyantseva Varvara
Published: August 2020

As a method of protection against corrosion, the application of phosphate coatings to the surface of steel reinforcement before the manufacture of a reinforced concrete product can be considered. The influence of modifiers introduced into the cold phosphating solution on the structure and protective properties of phosphate coatings was studied. It is established that from solutions with the addition of saccharin, glucose, Trilon A, Trilon B and washing preparations, fine crystalline, dense phosphate films are obtained. The introduction of the proposed additives also reduces the time of formation of a phosphate coating on the surface of the steel and leads to a decrease in their porosity. It has been established that phosphate coatings are resistant to the effects of aqueous, salt and acidic environments. Films deposited from modified cold phosphating solutions provide better corrosion protection compared to films obtained from a traditional cold phosphating solution. Presented phosphate coatings have high protective properties, because, due to their lower porosity, they well prevent the penetration of aggressive particles to the surface of the protected reinforcement.
Analysis of influence of cold plasma on stiffness properties of polymeric materials
Authors: Kayumov Rashit , Mukhamedova Inziliya , Khammatova Venera
Published: August 2020

A model of the polyester fabric behavior subjected to plasma treatment with a reduced pressure is proposed to evaluate its deformability in its plane. The method for identifying stiffness properties is described, and the results of processing the full-scale experiments as well as the results of the numerical studies of the problem regarding stretching samples of the fabric are presented. For the numerical analysis of the deformation process of the fabric samples the finite element method was used. The proposed finite-element model of deformation of nonlinear elastic fabric materials allows us to study the patterns of behavior of the tissue samples under various loads, given that the material is not able to support the compressive loads. The developed technique for an experimental determination of the stiffness characteristics of fabrics according to the results of testing the samples, cut at different angles to the base, under various stretching forces, made it possible to analyze the influence of treatment of the fabric with a cold plasma on its mechanical characteristics.
Residues from fuel and power industries and glass industry as a basis of building materials
Authors: Medvedeva Galina , Lifanteva Anna , Yusupova Alsu , Kashapov Ramil
Published: August 2020

The most important area of resource conservation is the extensive use of secondary products of the industry as feedstock to produce building materials. Benefits of secondary products usage are to enhance the physical and mechanical characteristics and strength characteristics of the resulting building materials. By-products of different sectors of industry, such as ash and slag waste from combined heat and power systems and glass industry cullet, which provide the industry with huge sources of cheap and prepared raw materials, are used as accessory materials. They reduce the cost of producing certain materials. Three main mixtures are addressed in the article: (1) a mixture of cement, ash and slag waste and glass cullet, (2) a mixture of clay and ash and slag waste, and (3) a mixture of clay, ash and slag waste and glass cullet. The production processes of the tested materials are described: preparation and thermal treatment of raw materials. Material properties obtained after the roasting were determined: compression capacity, absorption of water and level of firing shrinkage. Not all materials are amenable to characterization techniques used in standardized ways of testing.
Method for predicting the durability of polymer-composite reinforcement in cement concrete
Authors: Suleimanov Alfred
Published: August 2020

The combination of operational factors increases significantly ageing and failure rate of polymer composite materials under stress-strain conditions. The objective of this study is to develop the method for simulating the behavior of polymer composite reinforcements in cement concrete under stress-strain conditions. The procedure was developed and the setup was upgraded to conduct accelerated testing of polymer composite reinforcements for cement concrete. The significance of the findings for the construction industry lies in the development of methodology for predicting the durability of polymer composite materials under specified operating conditions.
Estimation of impacts of cellulosic admixtures on sma features
Authors: Smirnov Denis , Yagund Eduard , Zamaliev Farit , Brodneva Valeria
Published: August 2020

It is known that the supporting capacity of asphalt concrete depends on the weakest component of the system. Currently, there are two main ways to increase strength and shear resistance of asphalt concrete: modification of bitumen binder or regulation of granulometric composition, in the trend of increasing the rock stone content. However, in the first case, the structure-forming effect of multi-crushed stone asphalt concrete is not fully used, in the second - due to the high bitumen consumption necessary to fill intergranular bugholes, the mixture segregates. The elimination of this disadvantage was provided by the introduction of fine-fibred filler into mixture. Stone mastic asphalt concrete (SMA) was created, which fundamentally combines the advantages of impacted low-crushed stone concrete and maximum structural asphalt-concrete, which are widespread in some countries for roads with high traffic stream.

In this paper, we studied the effect of various types of stabilizing additives on the performance of stone mastic asphalt concrete.
Prognosis method of wooden structure durability
Authors: Sulejmanov Alfred , Smirnov Denis , Khairullin Gaziz
Published: August 2020

The relevance of the studied topic is due to the fact that, despite the longtime wood use as a building material, the issue of durability predicting keeps underexplored. Wood offers a wide range of positive properties, but still has a number of disadvantages, one of which is a tendency to biodeterioration. The main way to control wood biodeterioration is its antiseptic treatment. However, during the operation or storage of treated wooden structures, there is a process of washing out antiseptic agents from them (depreservation) and, as a result, a decrease of biostability. The paper proposes the methodology for accelerated prediction of the wood treated durability with an antiseptic, taking into account the real conditions of its operation. The optimal conditions and the temperature effect on the rate of diffusion antiseptic transfer to external environment are established, depending on the actual operating conditions of wooden structures.
Biodegradation of filled styrene-acrylic coatings in a laboratory kinetic plant
Authors: Stroganov Viktor , Amelchenko Maksim , Kraus Eduard
Published: August 2020

Styrene-acrylic polymer coatings rank among the most popular materials of the construction industry that protect structures from corrosion. Biocorrosion is considered to be one of quite dangerous and less studied types of destruction. There is a State standard method of testing materials for biostability in which a qualitative assessment of the resistance of coatings to biodegradation is carried out, but still it doesn’t provide the full picture of the destruction degree of the material caused by the biodegradation. Besides, the test duration is 28 days. The most informative and convenient is the kinetic method of research. It includes the applying of the facility involving exposure of coating samples in a solution of carboxylic acids (model medium) which significantly reduces the test period and also eliminates the work with microorganisms. The studies were carried out on styrene-acrylic filled free films. The changes in material was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative indicators: the change in the mass of the initial and exposed samples of free films, their geometric parameters, as well as a visual assessment (using a microscope) of the surface state of the coatings before and after exposure, including the use of the CIELab method. It was found that the level of the determined characteristics of styrene-acrylic free films when exposed in a model medium is reduced by 10-15%.
Heat release of expanded-clay concrete
Authors: Barabanshchikov Yurii , Usanova Kseniia , Akimov Stanislav
Published: August 2020

The subject of research is expanded-clay concrete with additives of ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume, superplasticizer and air-entraining admixture. The heat release of concrete is investigated depending on the concrete composition (cement, water cement ratio, expanded-clay), additives (slag, silica fume) and admixtures (superplasticizer, air-entraining agent). This study is a part of research on the design concrete mixture with strength class C35/45 and high workability for 3D printer. It was confirmed that the cement content and water cement ratio impact on the integral value of the heat release per unit mass of cement. This value decreases with increasing cement content. The reason for this is that the heat generated by concrete, with constant W/C and other equal conditions, increases linearly with increasing the cement content.
Resource-saving polymer compositions for construction purposes
Authors: Galeev Ruslan , Nizamov Rashit , Abdrakhmanova Layla , Khozin Vadim
Published: August 2020

The paper presents the results of the application of building materials based on thermoplastic (polyvinyl chloride) and thermosetting (urea-formaldehyde) polymers of industrial waste as fillers instead of traditional ones that allow solving resource saving issues. Polyvinyl chloride materials of profile molded products with increased strength by 1.5-2 times were obtained by replacing 50% of the traditional “chemically precipitated chalk” filler with waste from water treatment of thermal power plants. The strength of heat-insulating foams based on urea-formaldehyde resin is increased 3 times by introducing only 0.2 m.p. carbonate water treatment waste per 100 m.p. resins in the binder. The effect is achieved through the implementation of the principle of “condensation” filling of polymer matrices. In polymers of different chemical nature, during filling, the mechanisms of matrix reinforcement associated with the activity of the surface of the filler particles are realized. They are proposed for the practical implementation of the formulation and production technology of profile and sheet materials, as well as heat-insulating foam plastic.
Economic efficiency of plastic recycling plant construction
Authors: Shagiakhmetova Elvira , Medyanik Yulia , Gimadieva Liliya , Vakhitova Diliara , Yarullina Ilariya
Published: August 2020

Solving the problem of plastic pollution is a priority for all of mankind. A significant part of all plastic waste is recyclable and reusable. However, not every method of recycling and reusing plastic is cost-effective. The aim of the study is to justify the economic efficiency of the construction and operation of a plastic recycling plant in the city of Kazan (Russian Federation). When performing the calculations, the discounted method for efficiency assessment of investment projects was used. The method involves the calculation of several efficiency criteria: NPV, IRR, PBP, PI.

The study justifies the economic efficiency of the plant construction project based on the calculated indexes: NPV (net present value of the project) is 182 million rubles, IRR is 41.6 %. As a result of risk modeling, it was found out that the greatest impact on the net present value of the project is made by an increase in the discount rate. Moreover, the project is highly resistant to a possible reduction in the price and volume of sales, growth in current and investment expenses. Putting the results into practice opens up potential for solving the complex task of saving natural resources, expanding the local raw material base for the production of building materials, and disposing waste having a long decomposition period, more specifically plastic waste.
Management of sustainable economic potential of construction enterprise
Authors: Sychev Marat , Evstafieva Alsu , Pozdeev Valery , Chugunova Iullia
Published: August 2020

Construction is a leading industry sector of the Russian national economy, which is essential for the expansion of fixed assets, the structural restructuring of the economy, and the development of human well-being. The main feature of the construction industry is the variety of organizational and economic forms of the construction production process, a large number of participants with various functional goals and objectives, and the significant dependence of the construction production process on natural conditions. The economic potential, possessed by construction enterprises, should be used effectively. This is the main task of management. At the same time, the use of economic potential is fraught with risks. Their identification is included in the scope of economic analysis. To assess the risks in the use of economic potential, it is subdivided into resource, production and financial. Each of them has its own system of indicators. As a risk assessment method, a statistical one based on the calculation of the coefficient of variation was chosen. The values of the coefficients of variation help to determine the risk zone: allowed, critical or catastrophic. The identification of risk zones is the purpose of this article. Obtaining information on the risk category contributes making management decisions.
Complex criterion for evaluating contractor’s activities in the construction industry
Authors: Kleshcheva Olga , Sayfullina Farida , Abdukhanova Natalya
Published: August 2020

The assessment of the financial viability of the contractor is of particular interest. However, many of existing criteria which are used for analyzing the economic performance of an enterprise are criticized, as the generalized indicators may provide an accurate estimation only for a definite country, or period. Elaboration of a generalized indicator is related to the following tasks: selecting analytical coefficients, determining the structure and parameters of the generalized indicator, and calculating the critical value. The approach used in this paper implies using all known analytical indicators for solving the first task. These relative indicators are then compared with absolute indicators, namely, balance indicators. In the present work this is done with correlation analysis. When determining the structure and parameters, as well as when calculating the critical value of the complex criteria, we used discriminant analysis. A sample of enterprises of the construction complex was considered as objects. The complex criterion for evaluating contractor’s activities can be used both for internal analysis and by external users: banks, investors, and counteragents.
Factors affecting the parameters of the construction industry
Authors: Ustinova Liliya , Sirazetdinov Rustem
Published: August 2020

One of the most important directions for the development of the economy of any state is the maintenance of all branches of the national economy at rather a high level. Competition, both on the domestic and world market of industrial production, dictates the need to find modern innovation-oriented technologies, production management systems, use of raw materials, etc., and, consequently, continuous improvement, modernization, and development. The construction industry is a capital-intensive segment of the national economy, which is interconnected with such industries as mining, processing, metallurgy, machine building, etc. The research object of this article is the construction industry, which is the capital-forming industry, engaged in the development of the gross domestic product. The analysis of the industry was carried out using the classical tool of statistical data analysis, namely correlation analysis. The research is based on the analysis of the following industry parameters: GDP structure according to branches of the Russian economy, commissioning of residential houses by organizations of all forms of ownership in the Russian Federation, dynamics of the average actual cost of construction of 1 sq.m. of the total area of residential premises, which reflect tendencies and a state of development within the construction industry in Russia. The foreign experience in the development of the construction industry is presented. The performed analysis allowed formulating recommendations on the development of the Russian construction industry, which include legal, economic, social and environmental aspects.
The classification of transaction costs: the innovation in the construction industry based on building information modeling. A case study of multilingual schools
Authors: Bakhareva Olga , Azhimov Timur , Azhimova Liliya , Marfina Ludmila , Khuzagaripov Aidar
Published: August 2020

The problems of effective investment in social infrastructure have a contradiction between the need to expand the functions of social infrastructure in the information society and, as a result, the potential increase in the cost of this state investment projects. Based on the in-depth interview method, we prepared questionnaires for several interviews with industry experts to identify the transaction costs in the construction industry. The results of the research represent technical and organizational innovations that reduce the transaction costs of investment projects for the development of social infrastructure during the life-cycle of an object. We tested our hypothesis on the example of building a multilingual school in Kazan and gave a classification of transaction costs in the construction industry. The proposed method of reducing transaction costs of an investment project for the development of social infrastructure, based on buildings information modeling, allows solving the problem of high-quality public buildings cost-effective construction and the creation of public goods in the region.
Modeling of the innovative activity for the enterprises in investment based construction industry
Authors: Zagidullina Gulsina , Ivanova Rufina , Sirazetdinov Rustem , Badykova Idelia , Biktemi-rova Ella
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study is the modeling of innovation in the investment-construction industry in the context of a change in technological paradigms. Here are the suggested models of innovative development of groups of countries, which are classified by indicators of innovation progress: innovation leaders, innovative followers, moderate innovators and catching up countries. The studies have been carried out using the least squares method. The paper provides a quantitative as-sessment of the level of meaningful economic development of the investment-construction complex. Only by identifying the relationship between the volume of commissioning and the used production inputs one can identify the nature of eco-nomic development. Models of innovative development of construction produc-tion based on increasing the level of total resource productivity have been devel-oped. A model for investment demand prognosis has been developed and tested. The model allows to determine the need for investments in the framework of me-dium-term and long-term prognosis.

Measures have been developed to increase the level of innovative activity of en-terprises in the investment-construction complex.