bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influencing factors of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Mengjiao , Dong Yongze , Chen Luchen , Shen Huajuan
Published: June 2024

Background

Stroke stands as a significant macrovascular complication among individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often resulting in the primary cause of mortality and disability within this patient demographic. Presently, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the underlying causes of stroke in individuals with T2DM, yet the findings exhibit inconsistencies.

Objective

This paper aims to consolidate and summarize the available evidence concerning the influential factors contributing to stroke among patients diagnosed with T2DM.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web Of Science, Embase, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and Weipu up to August 2023. Google Scholar was also searched to retrieve gray literature. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Stata software.

Results

Our analysis encompassed 43 observational studies, exploring factors across sociodemographic, biochemical, complications, and hypoglycemic agent categories. The findings identified several risk factors for stroke in patients with T2DM: age, gender, T2DM duration, hypertension, body-mass index (BMI), smoking, Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), albuminuria, Triglycerides (TG), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Coronary heart disease (CHD), Atrial fibrillation (AF), diabetic retinopathy (DR), Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and carotid plaque. Conversely, exercise, High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), metformin (MET), pioglitazone, and metformin combination therapy emerged as protective factors.

Conclusion

This study underscores the multitude of influencing factors contributing to stroke in people with T2DM patients, among which the microvascular complications of T2DM play an most important role. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of screening for microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. However, due to limitations arising from the number of articles reviewed, there remain areas where clarity is lacking. Further research efforts are warranted to expand upon and reinforce our current findings.
Pseudo-pac site sequences used by phage P22 in generalized transduction of Salmonella
Authors: Maier Jessie L. , Gin Craig , Callahan Benjamin , Sheriff Emma K. , Duerkop Breck A. , Kleiner Manuel
Published: June 2024

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella) and its bacteriophage P22 are a model system for the study of horizontal gene transfer by generalized transduction. Typically, the P22 DNA packaging machinery initiates packaging when a short sequence of DNA, known as the pac site, is recognized on the P22 genome. However, sequences similar to the pac site in the host genome, called pseudo-pac sites, lead to erroneous packaging and subsequent generalized transduction of Salmonella DNA. While the general genomic locations of the Salmonella pseudo-pac sites are known, the sequences themselves have not been determined. We used visualization of P22 sequencing reads mapped to host Salmonella genomes to define regions of generalized transduction initiation and the likely locations of pseudo-pac sites. We searched each genome region for the sequence with the highest similarity to the P22 pac site and aligned the resulting sequences. We built a regular expression (sequence match pattern) from the alignment and used it to search the genomes of two P22-susceptible Salmonella strains—LT2 and 14028S—for sequence matches. The final regular expression successfully identified pseudo-pac sites in both LT2 and 14028S that correspond with generalized transduction initiation sites in mapped read coverages. The pseudo-pac site sequences identified in this study can be used to predict locations of generalized transduction in other P22-susceptible hosts or to initiate generalized transduction at specific locations in P22-susceptible hosts with genetic engineering. Furthermore, the bioinformatics approach used to identify the Salmonella pseudo-pac sites in this study could be applied to other phage—host systems.
Making something new
Authors: Mitchell Chris
Published: June 2024

This reflective piece considers the question ‘What do you learn when you study creative subjects?’. The author draws on pedagogical theory and practice to explore how centring a curriculum around the act of ‘making something new’ informs student expectations and experiences within a creative arts education. It concludes by arguing that educators should embrace the restless tension between the neatness of an aligned curriculum and the messiness of learning to create opportunities for students to try the possibilities of things. In doing so, they can help students make connections during their education and navigate a complex, changing and uncertain world beyond their studies.
The curriculum design in design education: An inquiry of challenges and implications in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Yan Yan , Lau Kung Wong
Published: June 2024

The prime purpose of design education is to nurture young people and develop their artistic and scientific personalities, skills and talents. By its very nature, professional training in design is fully committed to the education and training of the creative workforce required by creative industries. It is crucial for design educators to devise and formulate relevant, responsive and quality programmes with an emphasis on sustainability at all levels of design education. It is notable that the world economy has become increasingly sophisticated. Design is a value-added component in various sectors. Design students equipped with multiple skills and capable of managing simultaneous tasks are crucial to the creative industries in this challenging world economy. This research is going to trigger further discussion and reflection among design curriculum developers, academics and policy-makers. It can also discuss the use of a total curriculum and participatory curriculum development approach to design education to provide our new design generations with a broader curriculum and learning approach for the knowledge-based economy.
Protective effects of black shallot extract against acetaminophen- induced nephrotoxicity in mice
Authors: Nhung Tran Thi Phuong , Quoc Le Pham Tan
Published: June 2024

Acetaminophen (APAP), widely recognized for its analgesic and antipyretic properties, poses a risk of renal toxicity in cases of overdose. Traditional herbal remedies are frequently employed to counteract drug-induced renal damage. This study focuses on black shallot, an innovative food product derived from Allium ascalonicum, a plant highly valued in traditional Vietnamese medicine. The aim is to explore the protective effects of black shallot ethanol extract (BSEE) against APAP-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. BSEE was orally administered at various doses (200, 250, and 300 mg/kg) in combination with APAP (3 g/kg). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (50 mg/kg) served as the reference drug, while saline (10 mL/kg) functioned as the negative control. Evaluations encompassed renal histology, serum and urine renal function tests, antioxidant enzyme concentrations (SOD, CAT, and GPx), lipid peroxidation, and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). The findings indicated significant alterations in total protein, albumin, BUN, and serum/urine CRE concentrations (P < 0.05), coupled with a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P < 0.05) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (P < 0.05). Remarkable elevations were observed in antioxidant enzyme concentrations, including renal catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (P < 0.05). The macroscopic and microscopic structures of the kidneys exhibited significant improvement. Consequently, BSEE effectively safeguards against APAP-induced renal damage, as evidenced by enhanced renal structure, reduced inflammation, and biochemical modulation, highlighting its potential therapeutic application in preventing APAP-induced nephrotoxicity.
Transisi, Eksistensi, dan Spiritualitas Transpria: Pengalaman dan Argumen Amar Alfikar
Authors: Zahrotusani Aulia Nurrubiyanti  , Muslim Azis
Published: June 2024

Amar Alfikar telah memutuskan melakukan transisi gender, karena dorongan batin, diagnosis gender dysphoria, dan yang menarik, ada argumen keagamaan yang mendasarinya. Pertanyaan utamanya adalah, bagaimana argumen keagamaan yang ia bangun. Penelitian studi tokoh ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif, dengan pendekatan feminis dan agama, berfokus menggali pemikiran tentang bagaimana tafsir, dan penerimaan transgender dari aspek sosial dan agama. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membuat transkrip pada setiap video Youtube dan media lain yang menghadirkan Alfikar. Hasilnya antara lain: merujuk para fuqaha, illat yang dianalogikan Alfikar belum bisa diterima untuk pembenaran tindakan mengubah gender. Dari sisi feminisme Beauvoir, Alfikar mempunyai tiga problem, dengan dirinya, lingkungan sosial, dan usahanya mematuhi agama. Problem ini akhirnya ia pecahkan dengan jalan dialog dan keterbukaan. Dalam bahasa Beauvoir, Alfikar berusaha membangun etre pour soi, dan mengaplikasikan gerakan feminisme yang berdaya, merdeka, dan intelektual.
[Amar Alfikar has decided to make a gender transition, because of inner urges, a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, and interestingly, there is an underlying religious argument. The main question is, how is the religious argument he built. This character study research uses a descriptive qualitative method, with a feminist and religious approach, focusing on exploring thoughts on how to interpret, and accept transgender from social and religious aspects. Data collection is done by making transcripts of every Youtube video and other media that presents Alfikar. The results include: referring to the fuqaha, Alfikar's analogy with illat cannot be accepted to justify the act of changing gender. In terms of Beauvoir's feminism, Alfikar has three problems, with himself, his social environment, and his efforts to obey religion. He finally solved this problem by means of dialogue and openness. In Beauvoir's language, Alfikar tries to build etre pour soi, and applies a feminist movement that is empowered, independent, and intellectual.]
3D-QSAR, molecular docking, ADMET, simulation dynamic, and retrosynthesis studies on new styrylquinolines derivatives against breast cancer
Authors: EL-Mernissi Reda , Alaqarbeh Marwa , Khaldan Ayoub , Kara Mohammed , Al kamaly Omkulthom , Alnakhli Anwar M. , Lakhlifi Tahar , Sbai Abdelouahid , Ajana Mohammed Aziz , Bouachrine Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer is the most common illness among women, accounting for 25% of all diagnoses, as stated by the American Cancer Society. Current research focuses on 43 compounds of styrylquinoline derivatives as potential inhibitors of tubulin to design a new drug that could potentially be effective against breast cancer cells in humans. The target compounds were subjected to a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship/comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) approach, where CoMSIA models were used; the best results obtained are (Q
2 = 0.84, R
2 = 0.97,

r

ext

2

{r}_{\text{ext}}^{2}

= 0.91), H-bond acceptor field was discovered to be important for increasing inhibitory activity by examining the contour maps (54%), and it plays a key role in the prediction of anticancer activity. Based on the contour maps of the CoMSIA models, we obtained information that allows us to propose four new molecules with higher cancer inhibitory than the 43 compounds found in the literature. The molecular docking was applied to determine the likely types of binding between the tubulin protein (PDB ID: 4O2B) and the proposed compounds, and the results show that M1 has a higher total score of 6.53 and two interactions with important conventional hydrogen bond type, followed by compound M2 with a total score of 5.74. Furthermore, the designed molecules showed better pharmacokinetic properties based on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties. Molecular dynamics simulations at 100 ns were conducted to confirm the binding stability of the selected ligands (M1 and M2) with tubulin protein. The simulation parameters used in the current study are root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, H-bond, Rg, solvent accessible surface area, and binding energy. As a result, the designed compounds (ligands M1 and M2) have shown noteworthy potential as a drug candidate for experimental in vivo and in vitro testing due to their potential inhibition of breast cancer. Finally, the study of retrosynthesis in this work facilitates the synthesis of drug candidates.
‘Little Arabia’ on Buddhist land: Exploring the linguistic landscape of Bangkok’s ‘Soi Arab’ enclave
Authors: Gu Chonglong , Bhatt Ibrar
Published: June 2024

Never formally colonised by Western powers, Thailand is a rapidly developing nation in Southeast Asia. To outsiders, the assumption might be that Thailand is a homogenous Thai-speaking Buddhist country. However, such over-simplistic views ignore diversity and the existence of de facto multilingualism and multiculturalism on the ground. This linguistic landscape (LL) study explores a unique and sociolinguistically compelling area called ‘Little Arabia’ (Soi Arab) in the heart of Bangkok, where elements of both Islamic and Buddhist civilisations meet. The existence of this Middle Eastern enclave creates a sense of contrasts on linguistic, religious, and cultural levels. Because of globalisation and spurred by (medical and sex) tourism, this area boasts a number of halal restaurants, hotels, travel agencies, stores, pharmacies, and clinics. This gives rise to an interesting sociolinguistic ecology, featuring an ‘ethnic’ economy which caters to the needs of tourists and businessmen hailing from the Arab world. Drawing on authentic photographic data, this study explores how various linguistic practices give the area a unique identity. More specifically, we reveal how various languages (including Arabic, Thai, and English) are mobilised and combined in ways that illustrate translation practices evidenced within the enclave for particularised marketing, commercial, and communication purposes. Theoretically and conceptually, the term ‘machine-translated multilingualism’ is coined to capture the growing trend for businesses to resort to translation software for multilingual communication, which may result in non-standard translations and orthographic forms. This study contributes to a growing body of sociolinguistic research examining LLs in global cities and commercial hubs in the Global South, particularly those arising from ‘South-South’ population flows.
Die Angst des Schiris vor dem VAR
Authors: Nell Charlotte , Lindner Diana , Rosa Hartmut
Published: June 2024

Der Artikel untersucht aus phänomenologisch informierter soziologischer Perspektive den Einsatz des VAR im deutschen Fußball. Hermann Schmitz neuphänomenologische Unterscheidung von ‚Konstellation‘ und ‚Situation‘ dient hierzu als sensibilisierende Leitheuristik. Vor dem Hintergrund der vielstimmigen Kritik an dem uneingelösten Gerechtigkeitsversprechen analysieren wir zunächst die Aufgaben der Feldschiedsrichterin unter dem Blickwinkel eines sozialtheoretisch modellierten Idealtypus des ‚hermeneutischen Dirigenten‘. Das Fußballspiel wird hierdurch als ein vielschichtiges situatives Geschehen betrachtet, bei dem die Feldschiedsrichterin eine Vielzahl an Aufgaben erfüllen, aber auch mit blinden Flecken ihrer Urteilskraft umgehen muss. Demgegenüber konstruieren wir den VAR als einen ‚parametrischen Accountant‘, der den Fußball – phänomenologisch betrachtet – von einer Situation in eine Konstellation verwandelt und damit zu einer Überbetonung einseitiger Regelbefolgung führt und den Entscheidungsprozess darüber in eine Black Box verwandelt. Damit trägt er zur Entstehung ,strukturierter Verantwortungslosigkeit‘ auf dem Spielfeld bei.
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Dysfunction Elevates SUDEP Risk in a Sex-Specific Manner
Authors: Basu Trina , Antonoudiou Pantelis , Weiss Grant L. , Coleman Emanuel M. , David Julian , Friedman Daniel , Laze Juliana , Strain Misty M. , Devinsky Orrin , Boychuk Carie R. , Maguire Jamie
Published: June 2024

Epilepsy is often comorbid with psychiatric illnesses, including anxiety and depression. Despite the high incidence of psychiatric comorbidities in people with epilepsy, few studies address the underlying mechanisms. Stress can trigger epilepsy and depression. Evidence from human and animal studies supports that hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction may contribute to both disorders and their comorbidity ( Kanner, 2003). Here, we investigate if HPA axis dysfunction may influence epilepsy outcomes and psychiatric comorbidities. We generated a novel mouse model (Kcc2/CrhKO mice) lacking the K+/Cl−cotransporter, KCC2, in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons, which exhibit stress- and seizure-induced HPA axis hyperactivation ( Melon et al., 2018). We used theKcc2/CrhKO mice to examine the impact on epilepsy outcomes, including seizure frequency/burden, comorbid behavioral deficits, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) risk. We found sex differences in HPA axis dysfunction’s effect on chronically epileptic KCC2/Crh KO mice seizure burden, vulnerability to comorbid behavioral deficits, and SUDEP. Suppressing HPA axis hyperexcitability in this model using pharmacological or chemogenetic approaches decreased SUDEP incidence, suggesting that HPA axis dysfunction may contribute to SUDEP. Altered neuroendocrine markers were present in SUDEP cases compared with people with epilepsy or individuals without epilepsy. Together, these findings implicate HPA axis dysfunction in the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy and SUDEP.
Clean energy transition and energy security in metropolises: A case study of Beijing under the “coal-to-gas” movement
Authors: Li Kunze , Xiao Long , Qi Kai , Song Yiming
Published: June 2024

The transition to clean energy is one of the most important trends of development in the contemporary world, and ensuring energy security during the energy transition has naturally become an issue that urgently needs to be studied. Unlike most studies that analyze this issue at the global and sovereign national levels, this article delves back to the subnational level. It focuses on exploring energy security guarantees in metropolitan areas while considering differences in urban hierarchies. Considering that Beijing is not only the most influential metropolis in China but also a pioneer in promoting clean energy transition globally, this article analyzes the energy security issues in Beijing through the framework of Energy Security and Sustainable Development and explores the policy actions taken during the 2017 “coal-to-gas” movement by the city. Our research shows that the transition to clean energy may reduce the energy security of metropolitan areas. However, the big cities can receive prioritized protection from the central government and state-owned enterprises due to their prominent political status. However, the cost of ensuring energy security in urban areas may be passed on to their surrounding areas, where their energy security may be additionally impacted. These findings indicate that it is necessary to distinguish and examine the energy security of the metropolitan areas and surrounding regions. Only when energy justice is protected can urban areas truly achieve energy security.
Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using white tea leaf extract: Characterization, adsorption behavior, and antibacterial applications
Authors: Huang Zechun , Zhao Wenchang , Liu Xiyao , Zhong Miao , Ye Xin , Ko Tzu-Hsing
Published: June 2024

Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology. In the present study, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using white tea leaf extracts. They were then characterized for their chemical structure and evaluated ability for the methylene blue (MB) degradation in the adsorption system with H2O2. XRD and FTIR analyses revealed that the CuNPs were present as an amorphous phase, with the O-H polyphenol compound bound to the Cu ion. The XPS deconvolution indicated the presence of Cu2+ and Cu+ in the CuNPs. TEM images revealed that the average particle size was less than 10 nm. The CuNPs synthesized using different precursors exhibited effective ability for the MB degradation in the adsorption system. Based on the adsorption theory, the pseudo-second-order model fitted well with the experimental data, and the thermodynamic calculation suggested that the reaction was endothermic, and spontaneous. The CuNPs synthesized using the CuSO4 precursor exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to those synthesized using Cu(NO3)2. In conclusion, white tea leaf extract is an inexpensive and easily available precursor for the biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles. Further analysis based on an assumed degradation work will be considered in future work.
Upgrading paper-grade bleached hardwood pulp towards dissolving pulp using γ-valerolactone
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Liu Yu , Wang Yingchao , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Qiang , He Huili
Published: June 2024

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is a promising biomass-based platform compound that can be used for the removal of hemicellulose in pulp. In this study, a paper-grade pulp was treated using GVL to generate dissolving pulp for viscose production. The GVL concentration, treatment temperature, and reaction time had significant effect on the hemicellulose dissolution. The dissolving pulp with α-cellulose content of 92.3% and hemicellulose content of 5.45% was achieved with 60% GVL at 120 °C for 2 h. The Fock reactivity and intrinsic viscosity of the obtained dissolving pulp were 54.6% and 595 mL/g, which is comparable with the commercial product. In addition, GVL spent liquor was also recycled and reused to upgrade paper-grade pulp. By using purified recycled GVL to treat original pulp, the Fock reactivity of pulp was improved, and the cellulose content of as-prepared upgraded pulp increased to 92.1%, which was close to the cellulose content of dissolving pulp obtained from fresh GVL solution, while the intrinsic viscosity decreased significantly to 598 mL/g. Therefore, the efficient reuse of GVL not only ensured the high quality of dissolving pulp, but it also saved production costs and reduced environmental pollution.
A true biomass standout: Preparation and application of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots
Authors: Yang Xuedi , Fu Shiyu , Basta Altaf H. , Lucia Lucian
Published: June 2024

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging type of multifunctional nanomaterial. They have unique optical and electronic properties based on their quantum size effect and limiting effect. The carbon quantum dot prepared from biomass is green and environmentally friendly, and it can also achieve a high comprehensive utilization of undervalued biomass wastes. Biomass carbon quantum dots with abundant surface functional groups and good biocompatibility show great potential in ion detection and bioimaging. This review paper focuses on the synthesis methods of CQDs from biomass and the perspective of their applications in recent years, as well as the challenges in the future.
Tooth Tissue Loss in Locating Mesiobuccal Canal during Selective Retreatment using Dynamic Navigation System: An In vitro Study
Authors: Sajjan Girija S. , Suni Marampudi Suvarna , Mantena Satyanarayana Raju , Kinariwala Niraj , Koppera Niveditha , Satish R. Kalyan
Published: June 2024

Selective root canal retreatment has demonstrated positive success, but the process is challenging because imprecision compromises the tooth's structural durability. As there is a lack of literature on selective retreatment using DNS, this in-vitro study was designed for comparative evaluation of tooth tissue loss and time taken in locating mesiobuccal (MB)canal using the dynamic navigation system (DNS; Navident, ClaroNav, Toronto, ON, Canada ) to the freehand (FH) method. The null hypothesis was that both methods would have similar tooth tissue loss and time required for the procedure. Twenty root canal-treated human mandibular molar teeth were mounted on Navident manikin. Using the Navident programme, the drilling path and depth were virtually designed using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans. A minimal access cavity for locating the MB root was prepared with dynamic navigation in the DNS group and with freehand in the FH group. Volumetric tooth tissue loss was evaluated with the help of postoperative CBCT and On-demand software. Statistical analysis was done with an independent-sample T Test (p<0.05). The time taken for the procedure was recorded with a stopwatch. The tooth tissue loss was significantly less with the DNS group (35.83 mm3)  compared to the FH group (52.84 mm3) with a P value of 0.001. The time taken for the DNS group was less with the DNS group (29.00 seconds) compared to the FH group (53.60 seconds) with statistical significance with a P value of 0.001. The DNS resulted in minimal tooth tissue loss with a shorter time compared to the FH group. This technique can be practised for predictable selective retreatment in endodontics.
Cognitive training for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Początek Gabriela , Wyszomirska Julia , Segiet Natalia
Published: June 2024

The article presents selected approaches to cognitive training for people with Alzheimer’s disease. Based on research findings, the combination of training and pharmacological treatment may delay the disease processes in dementia, ensuring that both patients and their caregivers enjoy longer lives and improved well-being. The Montessori Senior Method, recently gaining popularity in Poland, focuses on developing independence through adapted interactions, which can be particularly effective for elderly people. Instrumental Enrichment, on the other hand, uses learning mediation and prioritizes the creation of coping strategies that may be helpful in maintaining cognitive functions. Occupational therapy focuses on improving daily activities, which can be important for the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. This type of impact is usually holistic, encompassing both the patient and the caregiver. Errorless Learning and reality orientation training are other techniques that can be effective in maintaining cognitive functions, with easy adaptability to patients’ difficulties. These techniques allow working on a specific skill that is important to the patient. Computerised training and the use of virtual reality (Virtual Reality and Immersive Virtual Reality) also bring positive effects in terms of improving cognitive, sensory, motor, and emotional functions, but the costs and availability of equipment may pose a challenge for families, caregivers, and care facilities. A variety of training approaches may benefit patients with Alzheimer’s disease, both in terms of improvement of cognitive function and quality of life. It is important to continue research on the effectiveness of these methods and adapt them to the individual needs of patients.
Double-toroidal and triple-toroidal commuting graph
Authors: Nongsiang Deiborlang
Published: June 2024

In this paper, all finite non-abelian groups whose commuting graphs can be embed on the double-torus or triple-torus are classified.
Addressing Barriers to Research-Informed Practice: A Library and Social Work Collaboration to Empower Future Practitioners
Authors:   Cal Poly Humboldt University, Dinscore Amanda , Gonzalez Debbie ,   Cal Poly Humboldt University
Published: June 2024

Social work education prioritizes the use of research to inform practice. As university students, prospective social workers have a wealth of research available to them as well as librarians to help them find, evaluate, and use that information. However, access to much of this research ends once the student graduates—at a time when it is most needed to inform their professional practice. To address this challenge, a librarian and a social work faculty member worked with one class of students in their final semester of a bachelor’s degree in social work program to promote awareness of information privilege and barriers to access, to expand their understanding of authority to include marginalized voices, and to utilize an open pedagogy assignment as a means of proactively addressing these challenges. This article describes what was learned from this effort, including the results of surveys conducted with students before and after instruction.
The Power of Solidarity: The Effects of Professor–Librarian Collaboration on Students’ Self-Awareness of Skill Acquisition
Authors:   Towson University, Taylor Gibson Christina
Published: June 2024

The ACRL Framework for Information Literacy revolutionized information literacy instruction. It asks librarians to instill in students the higher-level skills to navigate the information landscape. Literature establishes the value of shared faculty ownership of information literacy threshold concepts, but it also documents the potential pitfalls of faculty involvement (Franklin, 2013; Julien & Given, 2002; Lechtenberg & Donovan, 2022; Perez-Stable et al., 2020). This article explores one successful partnership, concluding that instructor—librarian collaboration forged around shared histories and structured by codeveloped objectives positively influences students’ receptivity to information literacy concepts. As demonstrated by surveys of those enrolled in the course, students’ self-awareness of their own mastery increased as they applied threshold skills learned in class. Although data do not allow us to correlate academic achievement to students’ survey responses, aggregate results in both academic work and survey responses suggest that these insights led to greater independence for many students.
Exploring Professional Identities in Libraries: The Impact of Credit-Bearing Courses Beyond Student Learning
Authors:   The Ohio State University, Hammons Jane
Published: June 2024

In this essay, we argue in support of library-led information literacy (IL) credit courses, emphasizing the impact that developing, teaching, and managing these courses can have on the professional identity of library faculty and staff. Existing research has indicated that librarians who teach credit courses may more strongly identify as teachers than those who teach only course-integrated sessions. We expand on this research by sharing the perspective of four individuals who are involved in the design, instruction, and coordination of credit-bearing IL courses, including two faculty librarians and two staff members. By providing these differing voices, we give a unique perspective on a critical question in the field: Should libraries offer credit-bearing IL courses?
Impact of female sex and type 2 diabetes mellitus on in-hospital mortality among patients with acute coronary syndrome: a retrospective cohort study between 2015-2022
Authors: Guzmán Quiroga Alejandra , Bustamante Cabrejo Alexander , Caballero-Alvarado José , Zavaleta-Corvera Carlos , Burgos Chávez Othoniel
Published: June 2024

Aim. This study aimed to assess the influence of female sex and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on in-hospital mortality among patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the emergency department during the period 20152022, while also exploring the association of relevant laboratory factors.

Material and methods. An observational, analytical, retrospective cohort study was conducted, focusing on patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome who had high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values measured. The study included a total of 196 patients, divided into diabetes and non-diabetes groups, totaling 98 patients in each.

Results. Among the 196 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 181 survived, and 15 succumbed until hospital discharge. Statistically significant associations were identified between female sex (relative risk (RR): 3.52, 95% confidential interval (CI): 1.25-9.92, p=0.017) and T2DM (RR: 4.05, 95% CI: 1.51-10.85, p=0.005) with

an increased risk of mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients. Notably, high HDL values did not exhibit a statistically significant association (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.33-2.33, p=0.789). Subsequent multivariate analysis reaffirmed the significant association, indicating a 20% increased risk of death in patients with T2DM and acute coronary syndrome (RR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.15-2.25, p=0.025).

Conclusion. The study concludes that while elevated HDL levels are not associated with increased in-hospital mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients, T2DM emerges as a noteworthy factor influencing this outcome.
Levels of cardiac biomarkers and three-year survival rate in hospitalized patients with heart failure and community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Dragomiretskaya N. A. , Medvedev I. D. , Tolmacheva A. V. , Kosareva A. V. , Shvedov I. I.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To evaluate the impact of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on the levels of cardiac biomarkers and long-term survival rate in patients with heart failure (HF).

Material and methods. The prospective observational single-center study included 132 patients (73 men, 59 women); mean age — 72,3±12,1 years, consecutively hospitalized at Clinical Hospital № 4 of the I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University with decompensated heart failure in the period from March 2018 to December 2019. The main (n=40) and comparison group (n=92) included patients with and without clinical and CT signs of CAP, respectively.

Results. Patients with HF and CAP and HF without CAP were comparable in sex, age, and severity of HF. CAP in most patients met the criteria for non-severe pneumonia (average CURB-65 score — 1,55±0,73). The levels of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with HF with CAP (1188,9 [439; 2493] pg/ml) were insignificantly higher than in patients with HF without CAP (839,6 [413; 1900]) pg/ml (p>0,05). A similar pattern was noted for the soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2) (30,85 [12,8; 59,6] ng/ml vs 22,8 [15,2; 44,7] ng/ml, p>0,05). The haptoglobin level in patients with CAP was significantly lower (732 [315; 1312] ng/l), compared to the group without CAP (1270 [902; 2022] ng/l, p=0,0022). No differences in the concentrations of galectin-3, copeptin and hepcidin were detected. The one-year mortality rate of patients who underwent CAP was 27,3%, and without CAP — 7,2% (p<0,001), while the three-year mortality rate was 44,9% and 21,4%, respectively (p=0,0004). Elevated levels of NT-proBNP and sST2, along with age over 75 years and left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, are additional factors of poor prognosis in patients with HF and CAP.

Conclusion. CAP in patients with HF does not have a significant effect on most cardiac biomarkers, but significantly worsens the prognosis. Independent factors of unfavorable prognosis in patients with HF and CAP are age over 75 years, left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, increased NT-proBNP and sST2 levels.
Relationship between left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and accelerated 99mTc-MIBI clearance in patients with heart failure
Authors: Mishkina A. I. , Atabekov T. A. , Sazonova S. I. , Agafonkin S. V. , Batalov R. E. , Zavadovsky K. V.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To evaluate 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) washout rate and its relationship with contractility and left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with heart failure (HF) of non-ischemic origin.

Material and methods. The study included 20 patients with HF of non-ischemic origin with indications for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Ten patients without HF were included in the comparison group. All patients underwent 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS). We assessed the 99mTc-MIBI washout rate, as well as LV perfusion, contractility, and mechanical dyssynchrony using phase analysis data (phase standard deviation, histogram bandwidth (HBW), asymmetry, and gradient). Six months after CRT, all patients with HF underwent MPS to assess the changes of studied parameters.

Results. According to MPS, patients with HF had a higher 99mTc-MIBI washout rate from the LV myocardium compared with the comparison group (10,9 (8,49-13,8) vs 3,98 (0,9-9,8)%, p=0,0001), as well as severe LV mechanical dyssynchrony (standard deviation: 66 (55,11-73,24) vs 13,1 (10,1-19,6), p<0,0001; HBW: 207 (165-246) vs 40 (33-66), p<0,0001). The 99mTc-MIBI washout rate was positively correlated with LV end-diastolic (r=0,46, p<0,001) and LV end-systolic volumes (r=0,44, p<0,001) and negatively correlated with LV ejection fraction (r=0,41, p<0,001). A moderate correlation was found between the 99mTc-MIBI washout rate and following LV mechanical dyssynchrony and contractility parameters: HBW (r=0,412, p<0,001), asymmetry (r=-0,41, p<0,001), gradient (r=-0,44, p<0,001), wall motion (r=-0,45, p=0,001), wall thickening (r=-0,54, p<0,001). Six months after CRT, all patients showed a significant decrease in the 99mTc-MIBI washout rate from 12,4 (10,3-14,9) to 8,14 (3,37-8,88)%, p=0,0006.

Conclusion. In patients with HF of non-ischemic origin, an increase in the 99mTc-MIBI washout rate from the LV myocardium is associated with the severity of impaired cardiac contractility and mechanical dyssynchrony.
Associations of cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha with transthoracic echocardiography results in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Timofeev Yu. S. , Fokina Ju. A. , Metelskaya V. A. , Afaunova A. R. , Chernyshenko E. G. , Ivanova A. A. , Dzhioeva O. N. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To evaluate the relationship of serum concentrations of myocardial remodeling and cellular hypoxia biomarkers cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 (CILP-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α) with paraclinical parameters in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and in the control group.

Material and methods. The study included 47 patients diagnosed with HFpEF, aged from 47 to 79 years, who were treated from May 2018 to December 2019 in the hospital of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. The control group consisted of 32 people without a diagnosis of HFpEF, matched by sex and age. All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography with assessment of diastolic function. Serum concentrations of CILP-1 and HIF-1α were determined by enzyme immunoassay using standardized test systems (RayBio and Clone-Cloud, USA).

Results. In patients with HFpEF, the median serum concentrations of CILP-1 (3,24 ng/ml) and HIF-1α (14,3 pg/ml) were not significantly different from the values obtained in the control group (3,6 ng/ml and 7,5 pg/ml, respectively). Significant correlations of CILP-1 with echocardiographic indicators of the left ventricular interstitial fibrosis severity were revealed, while echocardiographic markers of HFpEF positively correlated with the HIF-1α level.

Conclusion. Although the serum concentrations of CILP-1 and HIF-1α do not differ depending on HFpEF presence, it demonstrates an association with a number of echocardiographic parameters both in subgroups of patients with HFpEF and in subgroups of controls with different body mass index.
Total, ageand sex-specific mortality after discharge of patients with heart failure: the first large-scale cohort real-world study on Russian population
Authors: Soloveva A. E. , Medvedev A. E. , Lubkovsky A. V. , Shmakov A. I. , Solovev A. E. , Endubaeva G. V. , Gorbacheva T. V. , Vaulina O. Yu. , Alekseev P. S. , Kurilyuk Yu. E. , Villevalde S. V. , Zvartau N. E. , Shlyakhto E. V.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To assess total, ageand sex-specific survival rate after discharge of patients with heart failure (HF) using real-world electronic health data.

Material and methods. This retrospective analysis of data from the St. Petersburg Chronic Heart Failure Registry was performed. Hospitalizations of patients aged 18 years with a diagnosis code I50.x (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) were included in the period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023. Cases with acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, coronavirus disease 2019, hospitalization duration of >30 days, and death during the current hospitalization were not included.

Results. The study included 73450 patients aged 18 to 99 years (mean age, 73±12 years; women, 59,1%). During a median follow-up of 388 days, 16212 (22,1%) patients died. The cumulative death probability within one and five years after discharge was 16,3% and 48,9%. At each time period, the rate was higher in men when stratified by age and as age increased.

The mortality rate was 15,3 (95% confidence interval 15,1 to 15,6) per 100 patientyears. For all subgroups, the highest value was recorded in the first month after discharge (50,1 per 100 patient-years), reaching a maximum in the subgroup of elderly and senile patients (60,7 per 100 patient-years).

Conclusion. Within 1 year and 5 years after hospital discharge, 16,3% and 48,9% of patients with HF die, respectively. The highest death risk is typical in the first month after discharge, especially for elderly and senile patients.
Long-term effects of enhanced external counterpulsation in the management of patients with coronary artery disease complicated by heart failure: data from the EXCEL study
Authors: Lishuta A. S. , Slepova O. A. , Nikolaeva N. S. , Privalova E. V. , Belenkov Yu. N.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To study the long-term effect of complex therapy with enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) on exercise tolerance, quality of life, and systolic cardiac function in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) complicated by heart failure (HF).

Material and methods. Open randomized study EXCEL (NCT05913778) included 118 patients with verified stable CAD complicated by NYHA class II-III HF with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF). The patients were randomized into group 1 (n=59) who received optimal therapy and EECP (35 hours, 2 courses per year) or group 2 (n=59), who recived optimal drug therapy and EECP (35 hours, 1 course per year). All patients underwent a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 months, the assessment of clinical status, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) levels, LVEF and clinical outcomes.

Results. In both groups, we revealed an improvement of HF class (average HF class after 36 months decreased in the 1st group from 2,40 to 1,86 (p<0,001), and in the 2nd group from 2,37 to 2,17 (p<0,001)) and clinical status of patients. A significant increase in 6MWT distance after 24 months was revealed in both groups — in group 1 by 59,4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 36,9-76,8), and in group 2 — by 34,3% (95% CI 26,7-40,1). The proportions of patients with an increase in 6MWD distance >20% in groups 1 and 2 after 36 months were 100% (n=59) and 79,7% (n=47) (p<0,001), respectively. There was a significant decrease in the MLHFQ score after 36 months in the 1st group by 43,8% (95% CI 40,5-47,1), and in the 2nd group by 30,0% (95% CI 26,4-33,6), NT-proBNP decrease, as well as an increase in LVEF. There were no deaths in group 1, while in group 2, mortality was 3,4%.

Conclusion. A 36-month follow-up of patients with CAD complicated by HF receiving EECP revealed stable improvements in exercise tolerance, quality of life, systolic cardiac function, more pronounced in the group with 2 courses of EECP per year, as well as a decrease in the incidence of adverse outcomes.
Antimicrobial Efficacy and Dentin Collagen Damage Caused by Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite
Authors: Lodi Ediléia , Bello Yuri Dal , Duarte Karen Barea de Paula , Montagner Francisco , Cecchin Doglas
Published: June 2024

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hypochlorite (Ca (OCl)2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and dentin organic matrix alteration by picrosirius staining and light microscopy (LM). Samples of human extracted teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis by centrifugation of the bacterial suspension and were treated with Ca(OCl)2 or NaOCl at 0.5%, 2.5%, and 6% for 15, 30, and 60 seconds. CLSM and viability staining were used to quantitatively analyze the proportions of dead/live bacteria in the canal lumen and border of the root canal. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher test. For LM analysis, one hundred bovine teeth were randomly divided into 10 test groups (n=10): G1- Without treatment; G2- 17% EDTA; G3- 6% NaOCl; G4- 6% NaOCl + EDTA; G5- 0.5% Ca(OCl)2; G6- 0.5% Ca(OCl)2 + EDTA; G7- 2.5% Ca(OCl)2; G8- 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 + EDTA; G9- 6% Ca(OCl)2; G10- 6% Ca(OCl)2 + EDTA. The samples were fragmented and stained with Picrosirius. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (P<0.05). There was a strong correlation between the results of the canal lumen and the border of the root canal (r=0.962). Both hypochlorites at a concentration of 0.5% showed less microbial reduction compared to 2.5% and 6% (P<0.05). There was less antimicrobial activity at 15 seconds compared to 30 and 60 seconds (P<0.05). Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl showed similar results at the same concentrations (P>0.05). In conclusion, Ca(OCl)2 caused fewer alterations to the dentin organic matrix at concentrations of 0.5% and 2.5%. Ca(OCl)2 presents antimicrobial activity similar to NaOCl, and collagen damage is concentration-dependent.
TIME UNTIL THE START OF ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS AND THE RISK OF OPEN FRACTURE INFECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Marchiori João Guilherme Tavares , Nunes Ana Paula Ferreira
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Open fractures are highly incident injuries closely related to the modern life, in which accidents caused by motor vehicles or other machines impart high energy to bone tissue. Individual morbidity is represented by the functional impairment resultant of infection, nonunion, or vicious healing. In terms of public health, there are huge costs involved with the treatment of these fractures, particularly with their complications. One of the critical issues in managing open fractures is the use of antibiotics (ATB), including decisions about which specific agents to administer, duration of use, and ideal timing of the first prophylactic dose. Although recent guidelines have recommended starting antibiotic prophylaxis as soon as possible, such a recommendation appears to stem from insufficient evidence. In light of this, we conducted a systematic review, including studies that addressed the impact of the time to first antibiotic and the risk of infectious outcomes. Fourteen studies were selected, of which only four found that the early initiation of treatment with antibiotics is able to prevent infection. All studies had important risks of bias. The results indicate that this question remains open, and further prospective and methodologically sound studies are necessary in order to guide practices and health policies related to this matter. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results Level of Treatment.