bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kutane Infektion mit Orthopoxvirus bovis bei einem Wachtelhund
Authors: Steinborn Päivi , Weider Karola , Wohlsein Peter , Jäger Kathrin
Published: June 2016

Eine 4 Jahre alte Wachtelhündin wurde wegen Inappetenz vorgestellt. Klinisch zeigten sich Papeln und Ulzera am Nasenspiegel und auf der Zunge. Mittels hämatologischer, bakteriologischer und mykologischer Untersuchung ergaben sich keine für eine ätiologische Diagnose relevanten Ergebnisse. Die histopathologische Untersuchung von Hautbioptaten erbrachte den Nachweis einer proliferativen Dermatitis und Follikulitis mit hydropischer Degeneration von Keratinozyten und zytoplasmatischen Einschlusskörperchen. Immunhistologisch wurde Kuhpockenvirus Antigen nachgewiesen, elektronenmikroskopisch fanden sich Pockenviruspartikel in den Epithelzellen und molekularbiologisch wurde DNA von Orthopoxvirus bovis identifiziert. Auch bei Hunden mit papulösen bis ulzerativen Hautläsionen im Maul- und Gesichtsbereich sollte daher eine Infektion mit Kuhpockenviren differenzialdiagnostisch in Betracht gezogen werden. Derartig erkrankte Tiere stellen ein potenzielles Infektionsrisiko für Menschen und andere Tiere in ihrer Umgebung dar.
A Beating Worse Than Death: Imagining and Contesting Violence in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands
Authors: Nevins Joseph
Published: June 2016

Between 1995 and 2005, it is conservatively estimated that over 3,600

migrants died while trying to cross clandestinely into the United States

from Mexico. Unsanctioned crossings of the U.S.-Mexico boundary have long been dangerous. But the number of deaths has increased significantly over the last several years. Despite the large and rapidly growing death toll, these fatalities have received little critical public scrutiny--especially

when compared with other acts of violence involving unauthorized immigrants and state authorities. In trying to ascertain why, this paper compares and contrasts the reaction to two incidents in southern California in early April 1996: the beating of two migrants by police officers, and the deaths of several migrants killed while fleeing the U.S. Border Patrol. This paper argues that the reasons for the unevenness in terms of response relate to hegemonic and interrelated notions regarding national territory, the "illegal" immigrant, and violence. These assumptions reflect and reproduce particular notions of security and rights that conflict with those of

migrant, and thus make it difficult to perceive and challenge the factors

ultimately responsible for the deaths.
Troubled Quests: An Introduction to AmeriQuests in an Era of "Illegals"
Authors: Barsky Robert F
Published: June 2016

This article introduces the current quests of AmeriQuests, and describes preliminary findings from a research project on incarcerated migrants.
The Effects of Recognizing a Québécois Nation
Authors: Grey Julius
Published: June 2016

The controversy surrounding the motion on Quebecois nationhood and on the definition of the members of the nation is largely a product of our failure to separate three distinct issues which Grey analyzes in terms of legal and political norms.
Ditadura, anistia e reconciliação
Authors: Reis Daniel Aarão
Published: June 2016

Depois de propor uma reflexão sobre as relações entre Memória e História, o artigo discute uma série de questões relativas à Lei da Anistia (aprovada, no Brasil, em agosto de 1979), e aos silêncios que ela estabeleceu: sobre a tortura e os torturadores, sobre o apoio da sociedade à ditadura e sobre os projetos revolucionários de esquerda. O texto defende a necessidade da revisão da lei porque um debate a respeito poderia ajudar a sociedade brasileira a compreender melhor o período ditatorial, a tortura como política de Estado, a julgar os torturadores e, finalmente, a conseguir a abertura dos arquivos dos serviços secretos das Forças Armadas, o que requereria, no entanto, um processo de mudança na cultura política destas instituições.
An expanded range of catalysts for synthesising biodegradable polyphosphonates
Authors: Macdonald Emily K. , Shaver Michael P.
Published: June 2016

In this paper we expand the scope of catalysts able to mediate the ring opening polymerisation of the phosphonate monomer 2-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphalone-2-oxide. A range of nitrogen bases efficiently catalyse the reaction, each with pK as of 19 or above; lower pK a bases do not ring open the monomer. Aluminium based catalysts supported by salen and salan ligand frameworks also afford exceptional control, with conversions in excess of 99% and dispersities under 1.1. Together, these studies significantly expand the scope of catalysts to prepare this biodegradable, non-toxic, water soluble polymer. Additionally, we report efforts to expand the monomer scope for these catalysts, showing that altering ring structure and substitution can strongly inhibit productive ring opening.
T-Bet Enhances Regulatory T Cell Fitness and Directs Control of Th1 Responses in Crescentic GN
Authors: Nosko Anna , Kluger Malte A. , Diefenhardt Paul , Melderis Simon , Wegscheid Claudia , Tiegs Gisa , Stahl Rolf A.K. , Panzer Ulf , Steinmetz Oliver M.
Published: June 2016

Th1 cells are central pathogenic mediators of crescentic GN (cGN). Mechanisms responsible for Th1 cell downregulation, however, remain widely unknown. Recently, it was proposed that activation of the Th1–characteristic transcription factor T-bet optimizes Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells to counteract Th1-type inflammation. Because very little is known about the role of T-bet+ Treg1 cells in inflammatory diseases, we studied the function of these cells in the nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) model of cGN. The percentage of Treg1 cells progressively increased in kidneys of nephritic wild–type mice during the course of NTN, indicating their functional importance. Notably, naïve Foxp3CrexT-betfl/fl mice, lacking Treg1 cells, showed spontaneous skewing toward Th1 immunity. Furthermore, absence of Treg1 cells resulted in aggravated NTN with selectively dysregulated renal and systemic Th1 responses. Detailed analyses of Treg cells from Foxp3CrexT-betfl/fl mice revealed unaltered cytokine production and suppressive capacity. However, in competitive cotransfer experiments, wild–type Treg cells outcompeted T-bet–deficient Treg cells in terms of population expansion and expression levels of Foxp3, indicating that T-bet expression is crucial for general Treg fitness. Additionally, T-bet–deficient Treg cells lacked expression of the Th1–characteristic trafficking receptor CXCR3, which correlated with significant impairment of renal Treg infiltration. In summary, our data indicate a new subtype of Treg cells in cGN. These Treg1 cells are characterized by activation of the transcription factor T-bet, which enhances the overall fitness of these cells and optimizes their capacity to downregulate Th1 responses by inducing chemokine receptor CXCR3 expression.
Editorial
Authors: Rautenbach Christa
Published: June 2016

When PER (acronym for the Afrikaans journal title Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regstydskrif, but also suggesting the Latin connotations of causation, durability and facilitation) first appeared in November 1998, there was an awareness of the incongruity of the notion of a law journal not being published in tangible form by an established law publisher on the one hand, and on the other of the inevitability of things to come. The editorial stated:
"In this era of an unstoppable increase in information on offer and improved means of communication, it is inevitable that the exchange of juristic ideas should develop and escalate electronically, by internet. A problem already challenging the time starved legal user of the electronic medium, is to separate the wheat from the chaff. For many people it is relatively easy to publish something on the Web. It is, however, just as demanding to produce quality in this manner as through any other medium, be it primitive or avant garde."
From the outset the Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regstydskrif (PER) / Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal (PELJ) was focused on maintaining high editorial standards, producing material for legal scholars worth reading. Probably still the most widely cited contribution to PER/PELJ (on Ubuntu by Justice Yvonne Mokgoro) appeared in the first volume. Papers delivered (referred to as orationes) by prominent scholars and judges are often published in PER/PELJ, and double-blind peer review practices are maintained throughout, except for the orationes.
From time to time guest editors are invited to produce single or special editions. Renowned South African and foreign scholars are regularly approached to review submissions to PER/PELJ, and the editorial board is composed of prominent internationally recognised academics and judges.
Since 2003, PER/PELJ has taken its place among a range of renowned internationally accredited journals, currently listed and indexed inter alia by IBSS, DOAJ, SSRN, AJOL, Boloka, SciELO, HeinOnline, and Web of Knowledge.
In 2016, PER/PELJ migrated to this online journal system, and contributions accepted for publication are now published continuously as soon as the finally edited version becomes available.
We are entirely grateful to our authors, reviewers and readers who have always believed in the scholarly quality of the contributions. You have been instrumental in the phenomenal growth of the journal over the last 18 years.
We are proud to announce the first contribution of 2016 entitled “Remedial Principles and Meaningful Engagement in Education Rights Disputes” by the renowned author, Sandy Liebenberg, who is a distinguished professor and HF Oppenheimer Chair in Human Rights Law, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Editor-in-Chief: Christa RautenbachandFounding Editor: Francois Venter
INCIDÊNCIA E IMPACTO CLÍNICO DA FALHA DE EXTUBAÇÃO EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Amaral Euclides Roberto Freitas do , Reis Helena França Correia dos
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: Determinar a incidência e o impacto clínico da falha de extubação em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, realizado no período de julho de 2010 a dezembro de 2012, com pacientes extubados após tolerarem teste de respiração espontânea. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: sucesso e falha de extubação. Sendo definida falha de extubação a necessidade de reintubação dentro de 48h após extubação. Resultados: a análise foi composta por 116 pacientes, com idade média de 68,1 ± 16,2 anos, sendo 52,6% do sexomasculino. A incidência de falha de extubação foi 32,8%. A mediana do tempo de ventilação mecânica foi de 4 (3 – 6) dias. Os pacientes que tiveram falha de extubação apresentaram piores desfechos clínicos. A mortalidade na UTI foi, respectivamente, de 57,9% e 32,1% nos pacientes com falência e com sucesso de extubação (p=0,007). A mortalidade hospitalar foi mais frequente no grupo de falha de extubação (71,1% vs. 39%; p<0,001). A realização de traqueostomia foi significativamente maior nos pacientes com falha do que naqueles com sucesso da extubação (34,2% vs. 12,8%; p=0,008). Os pacientes que falharam extubação utilizaram mais suporte ventilatório não invasivo, 44% vs. 9%; p<0,001. Conclusão: A incidência de falha de extubação foi superior ao valor apontado pela literatura como aceitável. Os pacientes que falharam na extubação necessitaram de maior número de traqueostomias, apresentaram mais complicações pulmonares, permaneceram mais tempo internados na UTI, assim como, maior mortalidade na UTI e hospitalar.
EFEITOS DA ACUPUNTURA NA REDUÇÃO DA DOR LOMBAR: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Rosa Roberta , Dias Caroline Pieta , Roncada Cristian
Published: June 2016

Introdução: a acupuntura tem se destacado no meio científico como coadjuvante no tratamento da dor lombar sendo considerada um método eficaz e seguro devido à inexistência de efeitos adversos. Objetivo: identificar os efeitos da acupuntura na redução da dor lombar. Métodos: uma revisão sistemática foi realizada para identificar estudos sobre a eficácia da acupuntura em pacientes com lombalgia crônica. Foi aplicada uma lógica de pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e ScienceDirect. Para seleção dos artigos, dois pesquisadores analisaram de forma independente os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, sendo os mesmos analisados por outros dois revisores. Resultados: os artigos incluídos no presente trabalho demonstram que a acupuntura é eficaz no tratamento da dor lombar causando principalmente redução da mesma. Além disso, é considerada uma terapia que pode ser aplicada em conjunto com a intervenção convencional sem prejuízos a saúde do paciente. Conclusão: o uso da acupuntura pode contribuir para redução da dor, proporcionando uma vida melhor para os pacientes que sofrem dessa doença.
OCORRÊNCIA DE INTERNAÇÕES HOSPITALARES POR DOENÇAS DO APARELHO CIRCULATÓRIO NO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Coelly Vieira Emmily , Costa Cardoso Augusto Cesar , Bilitário Macêdo Luciana , Carvalho Costa Dias Cristiane Maria
Published: June 2016

Introdução: As Doenças do Aparelho Circulatório (DAC) em 2009 estavam entre as responsáveis por 28,7% dos óbitos em países em desenvolvimento e 26,6% nos países desenvolvidos. O custo direto relacionado ao manejo das DAC no Brasil é elevado, com impacto significativo no orçamento dos órgãos financiadores da saúde, especialmente quanto ao gasto com medicamentos, internações e na atenção secundária e terciária. Objetivo: Descrever as características sociodemográficas e o maior índice de internações hospitalares por doenças do aparelho circulatório no estado da Bahia. Materiais e métodos: Natureza quantitativa, do tipo descritiva, fundamentada em dados secundários, baseada em informações de saúde com dados coletados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), no período entre 2008 à 2013. A população alvo é de indivíduos com doenças do aparelho circulatório, com morbidade hospitalar, sendo incluídos no estudo pessoas de ambos os sexo, cor/raça, idade entre 40 e 79 anos, dos quais foram coletadas ocorrências envolvendo o aparelho circulatório. Resultados: Os maiores números de ocorrência da internação hospitalar geral por DAC no Sistema Único de Saúde na envolveram as cidades de Salvador e Feira de Santana, com destaque para a insuficiência cardíaca e hipertensão essencial na população entre 70 a 79 anos. Conclusão: A maior ocorrência de DAC foi insuficiência cardíaca na faixa etária de 70 a 79 anos, o sexo masculino teve maior morbidade hospitalar e, em relação à cor/raça observou-se homogeneidade na sua distribuição.
APLICABILIDADE DO IMC DE TREFETHEN EM ESCOLARES
Authors: Ribas Junior Miguel Altamir , Mascarenhas Luis Paulo Gomes , Cordova Michele , Lima Valderi Abreu de , Grzelczak Marcos Tadeu , Souza William Cordeiro de
Published: June 2016

Introdução: Vários métodos antropométricos vêm sendo desenvolvidos com o intuito de avaliar o estado nutricional tanto de adultos, quanto de crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: Verificar o nível de aplicabilidade do IMC proposto por Trefethen, comparado a outras técnicas indiretas de avaliação da composição corporal. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 58 escolares (28 meninos e 30 meninas) de 10 a 14 anos de idade, do município de São Bento do Sul-SC. Para avaliação do estado nutricional foi avaliado a massa corporal e a estatura. Através desses dados foi calculado o IMC utilizado às formulas: IMC Quetelet= Massa Corporal/Estatura2 e IMC Trefethen= Massa corporal (Kg) x1,3/altura (m)2,5. Coletaram-se as dobras cutâneas do tríceps e subescapular para avaliar o %G, para isso utilizado o protocolo de Lohman (1986). A normalidade dos dados foi realizada pelo teste de Kolmogorov Smirnov. Após, realizou-se a estatística descritiva e o fator de correlação de Pearson (r) foi realizado para verificar as associações entre o IMC (Trefethen), IMC (Quetelet) e o %G. Foi adotado um nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma relação muito forte e significante entre o IMC de Trefethen e o IMC de Quetelet (r= 0,97; p= <0,001). Já entre o IMC de Trefethen e o %G foi verificada uma relação forte e significante (r= 0,72; p= <0,001). Conclusão: Diante disso, conclui-se que a nova equação do IMC pode ser considerada como um novo método para avaliar o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes.
“Get an Education in Case He Leaves You”: Consejos for Mexican American Women PhDs
Authors: Espino Michelle M.
Published: June 2016

In this study, Michelle M. Espino uncovers the ways in which twenty-five Mexican American women PhDs made meaning of conflicting messages about the purpose of higher education as they navigated within and through educational structures and shifting familial expectations. Participants received consejos, or nurturing advice, from parents and extended family members that simultaneously promoted educational attainment and raced-gendered heteronormativity as a means of survival within and resistance against cultural and societal constraints. Lessons learned from conflicting consejos later informed how the participants resisted racism and sexism they encountered in their professional careers. Reflecting a Chicana feminist perspective, the findings illustrate the various social, psychological, and cultural locations that participants (re)crossed in conceptualizing Mexican American womanhood in the United States. This study offers an opportunity to explore and interrogate the systems of oppression that affect Mexican American women and their educational advancement and adds to understandings about the complexities and constraints that Mexican American women encounter during their academic life course.
The Formation of Community-Engaged Scholars: A Collaborative Approach to Doctoral Training in Education Research
Authors: Warren Mark R. , Park Soojin Oh , Tieken Mara Casey
Published: June 2016

In this article, Mark R. Warren, Soojin Oh Park, and Mara Casey Tieken explore the training and development of community-engaged scholars in doctoral programs in education. Community-engaged scholars working in the field of education collaborate with families, teachers, and communities to support their efforts to address educational inequities, marking an important way that researchers can promote social justice in public education. Yet these collaborations require particular skills and orientations of researchers, which traditional models of doctoral education are not designed to develop. Additionally, much less attention has been paid to the process of training and equipping emerging community-engaged researchers. This article presents the findings of a self-study of a research project designed to build among doctoral students the skills, dispositions, and commitments of community-engaged scholarship. The authors argue that by fostering collaborative learning and creating a community that embraces project members' whole selves, students learn to tell their stories, build “horizontal” research relationships, question their researcher positionalities, and develop identities as community-engaged scholars. One of the few in-depth investigations of doctoral practices that support community-engaged scholarship, this study offers critical lessons for those who care about the development of a new generation of education researchers committed to working with communities to transform schools and society.
Miguel Hernández, Lacan y la búsqueda del yo poético
Authors: Dávila-Montes José M.
Published: June 2016

La obra del poeta español Miguel Hernández (1910-1942) se estudia a menudo bajo la marcada influencia de su impactante biografía. Este artículo propone un análisis del yo poético de este autor mediante el sometimiento de algunos de sus poemas «marginales» al constructo psicoanalítico de Jacques Lacan (1901-1981). Así, se intenta someter a escrutinio la constitución del yo poético del autor mediante la selección de un número reducido, mas representativo, de conceptos lacanianos y la aplicación de éstos a una serie de poemas que no suelen considerarse «capitales» en la producción de hernandiana, todo ello bajo el principio psicoanalítico de la observación los espacios liminares del discurso. La poética de Hernández presenta tres «pulsiones»: vida, muerte y amor. Se postula aquí la adecuación y fertilidad del constructo lacaniano para un estudio revelador de su poesía.
Prosas de Lope
Authors: Montero Reguera José
Published: June 2016

La ficción en prosa de Lope de Vega constituye un corpus textual muy interesante por cuanto que en él confluyen no sólo circunstancias y motivos personales ingeniosamente reelaborados, sino también un verdadero propósito de renovación de la prosa áurea en la que este esfuerzo constituye un hito singular. Tal ejercicio literario, desarrollado a lo largo de casi cuarenta años, y sustentado en una integración hábil de la propia experiencia vital con un amplio conocimiento de las formas narrativas auriseculares, está dirigido, entre otros propósitos, a configurar una imagen del escritor seria y culta, alejada de la de escritor popular, "fácil", que da gusto al vulgo "encerrando los preceptos bajo siete llaves". Este objetivo, que se intensifica en el llamado período De senectute (1627-1635), está ya presente mucho tiempo antes, desde casi sus primeros éxitos en el teatro, y acompañará a Lope, sin conseguirlo, hasta ese testamento literario suyo que es La Dorotea
Juicio de Paris desde las bodasde Peleo y Tetis", de José Trejo Varona: estudio y edición de una fábula mitológica burlesca de las postrimerías del siglo XVII
Authors: Bègue Alain
Published: June 2016

El estudio propone una primera aproximación a la obra de José Trejo Varona, poeta y dramaturgo olvidado de la segunda mitad del siglo xvii, mediante el análisis detallado y la edición crítica de la fábula mitológica burlesca del Juicio de Paris desde las bodas de Peleo y Tetis. Se ocupa al tiempo de los problemas de autoría de la obra analizando su intrincada tradición textual y arrojando necesaria luz sobre la biobibliografía del autor
Letras sin sol: la visión de Flandes en dos poetas soldados del renacimiento español
Authors: Marías Martínez Clara
Published: June 2016

Este artículo intenta comparar la visión que dos hombres tan admirados por sus hechos de armas como por sus versos, Francisco de Aldana (m. 1578) y Andrés Rey de Artieda (m. 1605), ofrecen en sus poemas acerca de la guerra de Flandes, de cuyos desastres fueron testigos. Sus epístolas en verso muestran en un tono familiar, crítico y realista, la miseria y la vida cotidiana de los soldados de Felipe II y Felipe III, y por ser un género que se presta a la descripción y que simula ser una comunicación espontánea, su mezcla de realidad y literatura nos permite comprender mejor las vicisitudes de los poetas en su carrera militar
El teatro durante la Guerra Civil Española en el frente y la retaguardia de la zona republicana
Authors: Martín Gijón Mario
Published: June 2016

Durante la guerra civil española, se desarrollaron en la zona republicana dos tipos de teatro claramente diferenciados, que se correspondían con unas circunstancias muy distintas de escenifi cación. Por un lado, el teatro producido en el frente, con una extrema economía de medios, que se caracterizaba por una relación directa con las necesidades de la guerra y una función performativa sobre el público. Por otro, un teatro con mayores aspiraciones estéticas, representado en los teatros de las grandes ciudades y que tenía como principal objetivo canonizar momentos fundacionales de la épica del pueblo, presentando una imagen idealizada de los combatientes. En este artículo se revisan las diferencias más importantes entre ambos espacios de producción teatral, hasta el momento poco tenidas en cuenta por la crítica
Analysis of environmental impact caused from diesel passenger cars in Tirana district by using PEMS method: cases of Lancia and Citroen
Authors: Malka Lorenc , Dhoska Klodian
Published: June 2016

Background: Road transportation is the major fuel consumer and greenhouse gas emitter in the Tirana district. Emission and fuel consumption estimation models play a key role in the evaluation of the environmental emission impact caused from diesel passenger cars. Tirana as a metropolitan city of Albania is facing a serious problem that continues to be critical for the high uncontrolled level of pollution caused from this sector. Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are important pollutants caused by internal combustion diesel engine which simultaneously influence in ambient air quality. Analysis of the environmental impact in Tirana district for measuring HC, NOx and CO2 were briefly described in this paper.

Methods: The emission level of the diesel passenger cars was measured by using E8500 gas analyser device in Tirana District. Emissions were measured over urban zone and extra urbane highway Tirana-Durrës, in total more than 50 hours of operation and 500 kilometers driven.

Results: The values outside of the optimal speeds simultaneously increase the CO2 by increasing the fuel consumption and vice versa. The HC and NOx content is increased by increasing the speed regime.

Conclusions: This study can be concluded that various factors influence the emission level of HC, NOx, CO2 and the use of average speed is the explanatory variable which is insufficient for estimating cars fuel consumption and especially HC and NOx emissions. 
Prevalence of postpartum thyroiditis in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Ardabil: North West of Iran
Authors: Iranparvar-Alamdari Manouchehr , Ghorbani Behrooz Hosein , Alidousti Mostafa
Published: June 2016

Background: Gestational diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy and postpartum thyroiditis is a destructive thyroiditis that can cause serious complications for the mother and her child. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of postpartum thyroiditis in women with gestational diabetes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 86 cases satisfy inclusion criteria and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and were evaluated for postpartum thyroiditis with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T4, anti-TPO, T3RU tests. The groups with and without thyroiditis were compared and data was analyzed by statistical methods.

Results: There were 17 patients (19.8%) with postpartum thyroiditis, of whom 4 patients (23.5%) had hyperthyroidism, 9 patients (52.9%) were in the age group of 21 to 30 years, and 9 patients (52.9%) had a family history of diabetes.  Five patients (29.4%) with high anti-TPO level (P=0.022) and mean TSH and anti-TPO respectively, 2.8 (4.8) and 17.2 (35.9).

Conclusions: The results showed that higher level of anti TPO titer and family history of diabetes can be associated with a higher rate of postpartum thyroiditis, so it is recommended that postpartum thyroiditis to be examined in women with gestational diabetes who have these mentioned items.
Physiological response of wheat seeds grown under NaCl and HgCl2 stress
Authors: Ibrahim Jibrin Ashiru , Auwal Aisha , Sinha Vimlendu Bhushan
Published: June 2016

Background: Plants are continuously exposed to various abiotic and biotic stresses like cold, high temperature, drought, salinity and exposure to heavy metals. However, it is also argued that the effect of these stresses on the germination of seeds represents the most critical aspect of plant survival. The aim of the study was to observe the differences in germination potential of seeds in the presence of salt and heavy metal stress.

Methods: The seeds were germinated under the effect of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, 100mM) and HgCl2 (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 ppm), Timson’s index was calculated as a growth identifier, average shoot length and RWC was calculated for surviving seedlings.  

Results: Germination rate was observed to decrease with increasing concentrations of the NaCl and HgCl2. The maximum germination (100%) was recorded in NaCl (25 Mm,) treatment and the minimum percentage of germination was observed as 84% in HgCl2 (1 mg/ml). The maximum shoot length was observed in HgCl2 (0.001 mg/ml) with average shot length of 16.50 cm and 13.92 cm of NaCl (25 mM) respectively. It was also observed that the seedlings having high RWC were more resistant against salinity stress.

Conclusions: The use of both genetic modification as well as traditional breeding approaches are to be needed so as to unravel the mechanisms to salinity tolerance and at the same time to involve in the  development of salt-tolerant cultivars that are better  to adapt  with any increase in  soil salinity constraints. 
STRAIN, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND ACCESS TO LUCRATIVE CRIME OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Descormiers Karine , Bouchard Martin , Corrado Ray
Published: June 2016

General strain theory (GST) posits that the experience of strains cause negative emotions that individuals try to alleviate through various strategies, including delinquency. GST predicts that the choice of delinquency as a coping solution will be more likely in certain conditions, including those where criminal opportunities are more abundant. The current study considers the role of strain as a direct predictor of lucrative criminal opportunities. Because we are specifically interested in lucrative, as opposed to routine criminal opportunities, our theoretical framework is also informed by research on criminal achievement which posits that offenders with more social capital are more likely to make money out of crime. Drawing from a sample of 170 juvenile offenders incarcerated in British Columbia, our results show that strain experiences are significantly associated with daily access to lucrative criminal opportunities, even after controlling for other factors, including negative emotions such as anger. Our results also indicate that criminal social capital – that is, the ability and willingness to collaborate with co-offenders in criminal pursuits – is strongly associated to access to lucrative criminal opportunities. The number of delinquent peers, however, did not emerge as a significant predictor. Theoretical and empirical implications for understanding and preventing juvenile delinquency are discussed.
GOVERNMENT COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH DELINQUENT TRAJECTORIES
Authors: Craig Wendy , Schumann Lyndall , Petrunka Kelly , Khan Shahriar , Peters Ray
Published: June 2016

The objectives of this project were to: (a) identify early trajectories of delinquency for both boys and girls at ages 8 (Grade 3), 11 (Grade 6), and 14 (Grade 9) in a longitudinal sample of 842 at-risk youth from a multi-informant perspective (i.e., parents, teachers, self-reported youth ratings), and (b) estimate the costs associated with each delinquency trajectory on utilization of resources in the criminal justice system, remedial education, health care and social services, and social assistance. The results indicated six distinct trajectories of delinquency: two low groups, two desisting groups, an escalator group, and a high delinquency group. There were significantly more females than males in the two low delinquency trajectory groups, p < .05 for both analyses. Furthermore, both the youth from the two desisters trajectory groups (13% of the sample) and from the two most at-risk trajectories (escalators and high delinquency, 5% of the sample) each accounted for approximately 40% of the estimated costs to government. It is interesting to note that 80% of the estimated Criminal Justice costs were due to the high delinquency and escalators trajectory groups. Antisocial or delinquent girls cost society more money than antisocial or delinquent boys in all domains, with the exception of the Social Assistance domain. Implications for crime prevention are discussed.
SOCCER CASUALS: A SLIGHT RETURN OF YOUTH CULTURE
Authors: Redhead Steve
Published: June 2016

This essay reports from a long-term research project1 which interviewed participants in a post-war U.K. youth culture called “casuals” about all aspects of its history, especially the styles of music and fashion and its connection to British soccer spectatorship from the late 1970s to the present day.  Original interview and ethnographic material from the project is presented and discussed, and situated within a context of the sociology of youth culture in general and soccer fandom in particular. The essay suggests some theoretical and methodological signposts for the future study of youth culture whilst outlining some specific aspects of the research conducted. This new work on youth culture also rethinks earlier work on rave culture and football hooligan subcultures in the light of appreciation and critique of such work in various recent youth subcultural theory debates. The research reported on here mapped the history of the “moments” of the birth of casual in the late 1970s and the coming together of the football hooligan and rave subcultures in the late 1980s and early 1990s, as well as the later remixing, recycling and “mash up” of these moments in a present in which “pop culture” is said by some to be “addicted to its own past” (Reynolds, 2011).
PEDAGOGICAL ENCOUNTERS OF THE CASE-BASED KIND
Authors: Sanrud Heather , Ranahan Patti
Published: June 2016

Child and youth care (CYC) practice is diverse, complex, and contextualized. Pedagogical approaches to preparing CYC professionals in pre-service education programs require learning activities that recognize the “inter-subjective, contingent, and context dependent character of everyday CYC work” (White, 2007, p. 241). Case-based learning activities are advantageous in preparing future professionals for the complexities of everyday CYC work. These activities provide students with an opportunity to explore CYC practice in an authentic way while being supported by instructors who model, coach, and engage students throughout the process. This paper describes the organic evolution of the case of “Allan” at the beginning of a year-long CYC course facilitated by a team of instructors. The case of Allan continued to develop throughout the course in an authentic fashion mirroring the realities of CYC work with individuals and families over   time. Allan provided a way of situating course content as well as supporting students’ application of new knowledge and skills to practice situations.
CANADIAN EARLY ADOLESCENTS’ SELF-DISCLOSURE TO SIBLINGS AND BEST FRIENDS
Authors: Martinez Brynheld , Howe Nina
Published: June 2016

This study addressed children's reports of self-disclosures to their siblings and best friends in early adolescence. Twenty-four boys and 22 girls in Grade 4 (M age = 9.48, SD = .59) and 19 boys and 28 girls in Grade 6 (M age = 11.15 years, SD = .55) were interviewed regarding disclosures to siblings and friends. They also completed the Sibling Relationship Questionaire (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985b) and the Friendship Activity Questionaire (Bukowski, Hoza, & Boivin, 1994) to rate the quality of each relationship. Participants were more likely to disclose peer, academic, and shared interest issues to friends than siblings. Boys reported discussing shared interests more frequently with both siblings and friends. Respondents who disclosed to their siblings also reported higher warmth, rivalry, and greater conflict in their sibling relationship. Early adolescents who did not disclose to their friends reported greater friendship conflict. Findingds are discussed in light of recent theory and empirical literature.
DANCING TOGETHER: A CONVERSATION ABOUT YOUTH AND ADULT RELATIONAL AUTHORITY IN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATION
Authors: Linds Warren , Sammel Alison , Goulet Linda
Published: June 2016

Some ideas about authority in educational settings assume that authority is something that teachers possess and students don’t. Like others, the authors of this article conceive authority as shared. Shared authority occurs when the teacher recognizes students’ history and uses her or his authority to bring students’ knowledge, and thus their authority of knowing, to the learning. In this way, authority emerges in dialogical relationships between teachers and students. As three university educators in different contexts, we teach adults who will work with youth. Through dialogue and reflection of our attempts to implement the philosophies and practices that promote more meaningful interactions between adults and youth, we have come to recognize that each of us use authority differently at different times depending on the context. So we now use the term situational authority to describe how we seek to share authority. We invite those who work with youth to join us in these conversations and reflections as we investigate the sharing of authority within youth-adult interactions. We believe situational authority can transform power relations between adults and youth, while encouraging the emergence of new emancipatory relationships within, and amongst, youth. Together we explore ways in which situational authority invites, and supports, emancipatory practice.
TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF RE-ENGAGING DISENFRANCHISED YOUNG PEOPLE IN LEARNING THROUGH INQUIRY-BASED PEDAGOGIES: A PHENOMENOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Talbot Debra , Hayes Debra
Published: June 2016

The potential of inquiry-based pedagogies to improve the learning outcomes of students has gained some support in the literature. In Australia, a small group of schools has adopted inquiry-based pedagogies that foreground students’ interests in order to re-engage young people who have been disenfranchised from schooling, and also to provide an alternative education for those seeking a more responsive form of educational provision. This paper reports on a phenomenographic analysis of the experiences of teachers in these schools, which was part of a larger study that included interviews with students and their parents or caregivers, classroom observations, and documentary analysis. In developing their curriculum, participating schools drew inspiration from a U.S. organization, Big Picture Learning; hence, a core element involved students learning through their interests (LTI), a feature of Big Picture schooling. The building of inquiry skills, for both students and teachers, is foundational to the success of LTI. This paper aims to contribute to more responsive education provision for disenfranchised young people by documenting the range of variation in teachers’ experiences when implementing such a curriculum. We also consider the implications for sustainability of this approach in terms of the intellectual, physical, and emotional demands made on teachers.
Novas diretrizes para saneamento básico: desafios da gestão pública para sua implementação
Authors: Martins Flavia Burmeister , Lersch Elton Machado , Guimarães Ênio
Published: June 2016

O trabalho apresenta algumas considerações sobre a extensa tarefa imposta aos gestores municipais e estaduais na implementação dos Planos de Saneamento Básico, tendo em vista o atendimento à Lei de Saneamento, Lei n. 11.445/07. Considerando os objetivos intrínsecos do Plano Nacional de Saneamento, de promoção da saúde, da qualidade de vida e da cidadania, com ênfase em uma visão estratégica de futuro, as ações devem ser planejadas a partir de um contexto social, econômico e político, tendo em vista atender aos princípios de universalidade, integralidade, sustentabilidade e equidade. Estabelece-se, portanto, que o atendimento aos objetivos do PlanSab apresenta uma complexidade que abrange diversos setores, e se inter-relaciona com outras políticas públicas, como de educação e saúde, e almeja um estado de justiça social. Portanto, enquanto Controle Externo, o trabalho de auditoria dedicado a avaliar os esforços Municipais e Estaduais visando ao atendimento à Política Nacional de Saneamento, deve buscar, além da análise formal das contas públicas, compreender as complexidades e a amplitude da implementação do Plano Nacional de Saneamento, a partir do que poderá avaliar os esforços desenvolvidos pelos entes federados.
Prestação de serviços de saneamento no Estado de Minas Gerais – Estudo de caso do Programa Saneamento Básico: mais saúde para todos
Authors: Evangelista Janaína De Andrade , Trivellato Marcelo Vasconcellos
Published: June 2016

Em 2010 foi realizada pelo TCEMG a auditoria operacional no Programa Saneamento Básico: mais saúde para todos do Governo do Estado. Esse tipo de auditoria tem por finalidade avaliar desempenho de órgãos, programas de governo e políticas públicas. O citado programa envolvia o maior montante de recursos para aplicação em saneamento no estado, com ações em abastecimento de água, esgotamento sanitário e módulos sanitários. Até então o TCEMG ainda não havia realizado avaliações dessa natureza em programas de saneamento. A possibilidade de agregação de valor gerando novos conhecimentos, aliada à materialidade e à relevância do programa para a universalização do saneamento justificaram a realização da auditoria. Foram utilizados dados secundários e primários com visita a 51 municípios podendo-se verificar a possibilidade de correções de falhas e aprimoramento na gestão do programa. Problemas na seleção dos beneficiários das ações da SEDRU, baixa sustentabilidade técnico-operacional dos sistemas, deficiência nos critérios para enquadramento dos usuários na política de tarifa social da COPASA estão entre os principais achados da auditoria. Foram feitas recomendações, para as quais foram apresentados planos de ação que estão atualmente em fase de monitoramento. Dentre os resultados positivos já verificados está a alteração dos critérios de enquadramento da tarifa social da COPASA.
Regulação e controle dos serviços públicos de saneamento básico: agências reguladoras e o controle social à luz da Lei nº 11.445/2007
Authors: Andrade Érico , Magalhães Gustavo Alexandre
Published: June 2016

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar e compreender a regulação e o controle dos serviços públicos de saneamento básico desempenhados pelas agências reguladoras e pela sociedade civil, respectivamente. Para tanto, foram apresentados conceitos e disposições legais sobre regulação do serviço público de saneamento básico, com ênfase na competência e nos modos de prestação das funções de organização, regulação e fiscalização do serviço. Também foram apresentadas as alternativas para a efetivação do controle social dos serviços de saneamento básico feito pelos órgãos e entidades competentes. Constatou-se, após a análise feita, que a regulação e o controle do serviço ainda são temas pouco abordados, apesar da relevância do tema. Por isso a proposta do presente trabalho foi de apresentar temas específicos, pouco abordados, mas bastante relevantes, não só pela importância social da atividade, como também pelos 10 anos de promulgação da Lei nº 11.445/07 sem a ocorrência de discussões acadêmicas aprofundadas sobre aspectos específicos do serviços de saneamento básico.
A Hybrid Clustering Method Using Balanced Scorecard and Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Golpîra Hêriş
Published: June 2016

This paper introduces a new hybrid clustering method using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) methods. DEA cannot identify its’ input and output itself, and it is a major weakness of the DEA. In the proposed method, this gap is resolved by integrating DEA with BSC. Some decision-making units (DMUs) needed in DEA method, in compliance with some inputs and outputs is the major drawback of this integration. To deal with this disadvantage, the proposed method selects the most important strategic factors, attained from the BSC method. These data considered to be the input data for the DEA method to calculate relative closeness (RC) of each DMU to the ideal one. Plotting the screen diagram regarding RC index leads us to the final clustering method. Finally, computational results show the applicability and usefulness of the method.
Simultaneous Implant Placement and Guided Bone Regeneration Using a Platelet‐Rich Fibrin Membrane: Case Report
Authors: Hsu Yung‐Ting , Chou Yu‐Hsiang , Yang Tzu‐Hsuan , Wu Yi‐Min , Huang Chiung‐Lin , Ho Kun‐Yen
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Ridge deformities in implant sites are common challenges that clinicians face. Great benefits, including reduced treatment cost and time, can be achieved if simultaneous implant placement and guided bone regeneration are feasible. This case report presents an innovative approach using platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) and autografts to correct an atrophic ridge in conjunction with implant placement.

Case Presentation: A 48‐year‐old male patient lost a molar tooth due to severe chronic periodontitis. Because of severe and active infection, socket augmentation was not feasible at the time of tooth extraction, resulting in prominent bone loss in the buccal plate. After implant placement, an autograft was applied for ridge augmentation along with a PRF membrane serving as a barrier. There were no adverse events during healing. An implant prosthesis was delivered 8 months postoperatively. After 1 year of function, both clinical and radiographic examinations revealed promising and stable treatment outcomes.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this case report, application of a PRF membrane may be a feasible approach to serve as a barrier membrane when performing simultaneous implant placement and ridge augmentation procedures.
Residential Proximity And Its Impact On College Students’ Body Mass Index
Authors: Geller Karly , Harris Jessica Maureen , Moore Jennifer A.
Published: June 2016

Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine if environmental accessibility to healthy resources was associated with college students’ corresponding health behaviors and body mass index (BMI). This study looked at college students’ proximity and distance to environmental influence, such as fitness centers and fast food restaurants in relation to their physical activity (PA), fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC), and BMI. Methods. A sample of 156 college students from a mid-western university completed the cross-sectional survey on proximity to campus-related environmental resources. Student addresses were used to calculate accessibility to healthy environmental resources, including proximity to the university recreational facility and local grocery store. Physical activity was calculated into metabolic equivalents (METs) and dietary behavior included measures of daily fruit and vegetable consumption and weekly fast food meals. Analysis. Linear regression was used to estimate differences in participants’ multiple health behavior and BMI based on proximity to certain environmental resources.Results. Of the 156 students who participated in the current study, 79% were female and 87% were White, Non-Hispanic, with a mean age of 20.13±1.91. No associations between behaviors and BMI were detected. Proximity to the campus recreational facility significantly predicted lower BMI (p=0.01); and distance to the community grocery store was associated with increased BMI (p=0.01). Conclusion. Findings suggested associations between proximity to environmental resources and participants’ BMI; however, this influence occurred outside the measured health behaviors. Longitudinal examinations are needed to determine the potential impact of resource proximity on changes in participants’ health behavior and BMI overtime.
Editors Note: JAESEs Appropriateness For Tenure & Promotion Decisions
Authors: Slater Timothy F.
Published: June 2016

As with any journal in its early years of publication, the question of, Will peer-reviewed JAESE articles count toward academic tenure and promotion decisions at my institution? starts to come across my editorial desk. This is an appropriate query because, unquestionably, the currency of academic scholarship is refereed publications. On behalf of JAESEs distinguished Editorial Advisory Board, am I am able to respond with an enthusiastic, Yes!