bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordination and Integration in Vertebrates: Overview
Authors: Gabella Giorgio
Published: December 2022

Integration is the process of combining parts to create a coordinated, or integrated, whole; it is found at all levels of organisation of living matter. Every biological function is the expression of some sort of integration of parts, which allows the complexity of a system to grow and new properties to emerge.

Physiologic activity in the tissues of the body depends on coordination between their cells.

The innumerable cells and the different cell types making up a tissue are linked to each other by various cell junctions.

Coordinated activity, or tissue integration, is produced mainly by cell‐to‐cell junctions centred on the cell membranes.

Barriers to diffusion of chemicals, summation of microscopic mechanical changes, transmission of signals and uniform growth are founded on various junctions that coordinate and sum up the activity of the individual cells.

Tissue behaviour emerges via coordination of the activity of myriad identical cells and of several cell types.

Amongst tissues and in the body as a whole, reflex responses and autonomic behaviours result from integration of parallel processes, sometime antagonistic.

Different domains of the autonomic nervous system often work antagonistically, but the systems are integrated to produce the most beneficial response.
International Society for Business and Industrial Statistics (ISBIS): The Evolution of Business and Industrial Statistics in the International Statistical Institute
Authors: Fisher Nicholas I. , Jeske Daniel R. , Müller Werner G. , Rodrigues Paulo Canas , Ruggeri Fabrizio
Published: December 2022

For more than three decades, the International Statistical Institute has been actively promoting Business and Industrial Statistics, initially through its Committee structure (Committee for Statistics in Industry, which evolved into the Statistics in Business and Industry Committee) and then, since 2007, as one of its Associations, the International Society for Business and Industrial Statistics (ISBIS). This article surveys this history and the evolution of its products and services, most notably the IBSIS journal
Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry
(ASMBI) and
y
‐BIS, the young statisticians' component of ISBIS.
Identification of potential pathways and biomarkers linked to progression in ALS
Authors: Huber Roland G. , Pandey Swapnil , Chhangani Deepak , Rincon‐Limas Diego E. , Staff Nathan P. , Yeo Crystal Jing Jing
Published: December 2022

Objective

To identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for clinical management and clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Methods

We analysed proteomics data of ALS patient‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived motor neurons available through the AnswerALS consortium. After stratifying patients using clinical ALSFRS‐R and ALS‐CBS scales, we identified differentially expressed proteins indicative of ALS disease severity and progression rate as candidate ALS‐related and prognostic biomarkers. Pathway analysis for identified proteins was performed using STITCH. Protein sets were correlated with the effects of drugs using the Connectivity Map tool to identify compounds likely to affect similar pathways. RNAi screening was performed in a Drosophila TDP‐43 ALS model to validate pathological relevance. A statistical classification machine learning model was constructed using ridge regression that uses proteomics data to differentiate ALS patients from controls.

Results

We identified 76, 21, 71 and 1 candidate ALS‐related biomarkers and 22, 41, 27 and 64 candidate prognostic biomarkers from patients stratified by ALSFRS‐R baseline, ALSFRS‐R progression slope, ALS‐CBS baseline and ALS‐CBS progression slope, respectively. Nineteen proteins enhanced or suppressed pathogenic eye phenotypes in the ALS fly model. Nutraceuticals, dopamine pathway modulators, statins, anti‐inflammatories and antimicrobials were predicted starting points for drug repurposing using the connectivity map tool. Ten diagnostic biomarker proteins were predicted by machine learning to identify ALS patients with high accuracy and sensitivity.

Interpretation

This study showcases the powerful approach of iPSC‐motor neuron proteomics combined with machine learning and biological confirmation in the prediction of novel mechanisms and diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in ALS.
Elemental Diffusion Behavior of Cu–Ti Alloys Prepared by Accumulative Roll Bonding‐Deformation Diffusion Process
Authors: Tu Yingming , Zhang Weiliang , Wang Wenjing , Feng Qihang , Liu Xuefeng
Published: December 2022

The preparation of Cu–Ti alloys with homogenous elemental distribution is related to the engineering applications. Considering the thickness ratio and cross‐sectional geometry of components change with the increase in cumulative equivalent strain in accumulative roll bonding‐deformation diffusion (ARB‐DD) process, an elemental diffusion model is established based on different solute concentration fields. The accuracy of the model is verified by preparing Cu–Ti alloys in different states. The morphology of Ti layers evolve from a flat to a shuttle‐shaped structure due to the strong shear effect as cumulative equivalent strain increases. The diffusion heat treatment time for homogenization is predicted based on the model, and the results show that the model basically matches with the experimental results. The absolute error of prediction is within 9%, and the average error is about 4.4%. It indicates that the synergistic control of elemental diffusion behavior in ARB‐DD process can be achieved. Besides, it demonstrates that the effective diffusion activation plays a key role in determining the accuracy of the model. The difference of deformation energy storage in various cumulative equivalent strain states causes a significant change in effective diffusion activation energy, thereby producing a great influence on elemental diffusion behavior of Cu/Ti alloys.
Oxidation Behaviors of ZrB2–SiC Ceramics with Different Porosity
Authors: Zhao Litao , Hou Cheng , Jin Xiaochao , Li Pan , Wang Zhiyong , Fan Xueling
Published: December 2022

ZrB2–SiC ceramics have great application potential in thermal protection system of hypersonic aircraft, due to their excellent oxidation resistance and mechanical properties. Porosity is one of the main factors which will obviously affect the oxidation behaviors of ZrB2–SiC ceramics. Herein, ZrB2–SiC ceramics with three different porosity are sintered by spark plasma sintering at different temperatures. Then, a series of oxidation tests of the ceramics with different porosity are carried out at different temperatures and with different time. Morphologies and microstructures of the oxidation surface and cross section, as well as the oxide layer thickness and weight change are discussed in detail. Results show that the porosity of ZrB2–SiC ceramics has great influence on the oxidation behaviors of ceramics. The oxide layer thickness and weight change gradually increase with the increase of oxidation temperature and oxidation time for ZrB2–SiC ceramics with different porosity. As the porosity of ZrB2–SiC ceramics decreases, the oxide layer thickness and weight change generally decrease, which shows that the ceramics with lower porosity have stronger oxidation resistance. This work provides a relative systematic analysis of the effects of porosity on the oxidation behaviors of ZrB2–SiC ceramics.
Investigation of the Formation of Iron‐Rich Intermetallic Phases in Al–Si Alloys via Thermal Analysis Cooling Curves, Including a Real‐Time Detection for Filtration Process
Authors: Schoß Johannes Paul , Schramm Eric , Schönherr Paul , Mrowka Natalia Maria , Schumann Helge , Becker Hanka , Keßler Andreas , Szucki Michal , Wolf Gotthard
Published: December 2022

The formation of iron (Fe)‐containing intermetallics during solidification is challenging due to the influences of cooling rate and chemical composition. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is an accurate analysis method but merely replicates adjustable cooling conditions. Thereby, the solidification range is traversed several times before DSC measurement. For this purpose, thermal analysis cooling curves with double thermocouple are conducted to investigate the formation temperature of Fe‐rich intermetallics in different AlSi casting alloys. In addition, the influence of chemical composition is examined by increasing the initial contents of iron, manganese, and chromium to 0.8 wt% each. The double thermocouple setup allows determining feeding points and solid fractions of the alloy compounds. To evaluate the data sets, the statistical program R is used to improve data processing and smoothing. The signature of Fe‐rich intermetallics in the temperature–time plots corresponds to the detected phases in optical micrographs. In addition, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscattering diffraction are used to measure the local chemical composition and identify the iron‐rich intermetallics. Real‐time evaluation (differential calculation, first derivative, incl. smoothing) for an applicable filtration process can be performed using thermocouples with analog‐to‐digital converter and Python programs with an interactive graphical interface.
Nature‐Inspired Biomimetic Surfaces for Controlling Bacterial Attachment and Biofilm Development
Authors: Oopath Sruthi Venugopal , Baji Avinash , Abtahi Mojtaba , Luu Trong Quan , Vasilev Krasimir , Truong Vi Khanh
Published: December 2022

The use of antibacterial and antifouling materials is widely being investigated to combat the increasing risk associated with bacterial infections and the evolution of drug‐resistant bacteria. Efficient antibacterial materials can be fabricated by mimicking the topography found on the surface of natural antibacterial materials. Natural materials such as the wings of cicadas and dragonflies have evolved to use the structural features on their surface to attain bactericidal properties. The nanopillars/nanospikes present on these natural materials physically damage the bacterial cells that settle on the nanostructures resulting in cell lysis and death. This article reviews the role of nanostructures found on the surface of some of these natural antibacterial and antifouling materials such as lotus leaf, cicadas and dragonflies wings, shark skin, and rose petals. These natural structures provide guidelines for the design of synthetic bio‐inspired materials. This review article also presents some novel fabrication techniques used to produce biomimetic micro‐ and nano‐structures on synthetic material surfaces. The role of size, shape, aspect ratio, and spacing between the micro/nano‐structures on the bactericidal properties is also discussed. Finally, the review is finished with the author's view on the future of the field.
The Single‐Cell Landscape of Intratumoral Heterogeneity and The Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Liver and Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer
Authors: Zou Yutian , Ye Feng , Kong Yanan , Hu Xiaoqian , Deng Xinpei , Xie Jindong , Song Cailu , Ou Xueqi , Wu Song , Wu Linyu , Xie Yi , Tian Wenwen , Tang Yuhui , Wong Chau‐Wei , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Xie Xinhua , Tang Hailin
Published: December 2022

Distant metastasis remains the major cause of morbidity for breast cancer. Individuals with liver or brain metastasis have an extremely poor prognosis and low response rates to anti‐PD‐1/L1 immune checkpoint therapy compared to those with metastasis at other sites. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the underlying mechanism of anti‐PD‐1/L1 resistance and develop more effective immunotherapy strategies for these patients. Using single‐cell RNA sequencing, a high‐resolution map of the entire tumor ecosystem based on 44 473 cells from breast cancer liver and brain metastases is depicted. Identified by canonical markers and confirmed by multiplex immunofluorescent staining, the metastatic ecosystem features remarkable reprogramming of immunosuppressive cells such as FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, LAMP3+ tolerogenic dendritic cells, CCL18+ M2‐like macrophages, RGS5+ cancer‐associated fibroblasts, and LGALS1+ microglial cells. In addition, PD‐1 and PD‐L1/2 are barely expressed in CD8+ T cells and cancer/immune/stromal cells, respectively. Interactions of the immune checkpoint molecules LAG3‐LGALS3 and TIGIT‐NECTIN2 between CD8+ T cells and cancer/immune/stromal cells are found to play dominant roles in the immune escape. In summary, this study dissects the intratumoral heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment in liver and brain metastases of breast cancer for the first time, providing insights into the most appropriate immunotherapy strategies for these patients.
Secured Nanosynthesis–Deposition Aerosol Process for Composite Thin Films Incorporating Highly Dispersed Nanoparticles
Authors: Carnide Guillaume , Champouret Yohan , Valappil Divyendu , Vahlas Constantin , Mingotaud Anne‐Françoise , Clergereaux Richard , Kahn Myrtil L.
Published: December 2022

Application of nanocomposites in daily life requires not only small nanoparticles (NPs) well dispersed in a matrix, but also a manufacturing process that is mindful of the operator and the environment. Avoiding any exposure to NPs is one such way, and direct liquid reaction‐injection (DLRI) aims to fulfill this need. DLRI is based on the controlled in situ synthesis of NPs from the decomposition of suitable organometallic precursors in conditions that are compatible with a pulsed injection mode of an aerosol into a downstream process. Coupled with low‐pressure plasma, DLRI produces nanocomposite with homogeneously well‐dispersed small nanoparticles that in the particular case of ZnO‐DLC nanocomposite exhibit unique properties. DLRI favorably compares with the direct liquid injection of ex situ formed NPs. The exothermic hydrolysis reaction of the organometallic precursor at the droplet‐gas interface leads to the injection of small and highly dispersed NPs and, consequently, the deposition of fine and controlled distribution in the nanocomposite. The scope of DLRI nanosynthesis has been extended to several metal oxides such as zinc, tin, tungsten, and copper to generalize the concept. Hence, DLRI is an attractive method to synthesize, inject, and deposit nanoparticles and meets the prevention and atom economy requirements of green chemistry.
An Efficient Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel Thiazolidinone‐Bis Schiff Base Hybrids Using One‐Pot Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Preeti  , Jaiswal Anjali , Kumar Mahesh , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: December 2022

A facile multicomponent synthesis of novel thiazolidinone‐bis Schiff base hybrids has been developed using readily available starting materials. The four‐component reaction of isothiocyanate, hydrazine, aldehyde and α‐bromoester in water readily affords thiazolidinone‐bis Schiff base hybrids, whereas the five‐component strategy involving the same reactants in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate in acetonitrile leads to the formation of the fully functionalized thiazolidinone‐bis Schiff base hybrids.
Platinum‐Catalyzed Facile Arene Hydrogenation: Dramatic Effect of Activated Carbon and Vinylsiloxane Derivatives on the Catalyst Efficiency
Authors: Motoyama Yukihiro , Ohnishi Kenta , Shibuya Hayato , Joshi Prerna , Yoshimura Masamichi
Published: December 2022

Combination of Karstedt's catalyst or Pt(dba)2[dba: dibenzylideneacetone] with activated carbon was found to be an efficient catalyst system for the arene hydrogenation of a variety of functionalized aromatic compounds. The reaction proceeds at ambient temperature under atmospheric hydrogen pressure to afford the corresponding carbo‐ and heterocyclic compounds in good to high yields without contamination of the metallic species. The addition of activated carbon in the reaction mixture was proved to be crucial for not only sustaining the catalytic activity but also trapping the platinum species effectively after the reaction. Similar sustaining effect was observed by the addition of vinyl siloxane derivatives.
Catalytic Access to Chiral δ‐Lactams via Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Somprasong Siriphong , Reis Marta Castiñeira , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R.
Published: December 2022

Nitrogen‐bearing rings are common features in the molecular structures of modern drugs, with chiral δ‐lactams being an important subclass due to their known pharmacological properties. Catalytic dearomatization of preactivated pyridinium ion derivatives emerged as a powerful method for the rapid construction of chiral N‐heterocycles. However, direct catalytic dearomatization of simple pyridine derivatives are scarce and methodologies yielding chiral δ‐lactams are yet to be developed. Herein, we describe an enantioselective C4‐dearomatization of methoxypyridine derivatives for the preparation of functionalised enantioenriched δ‐lactams using chiral copper catalysis. Experimental 13C kinetic isotope effects and density functional theory calculations shed light on the reaction mechanism and the origin of enantioselectivity.
Simultaneous Harvesting of Multiple Hot Holes via Visible‐Light Excitation of Plasmonic Gold Nanospheres for Selective Oxidative Bond Scission of Olefins to Carbonyls
Authors: Swaminathan Swathi , Bera Jitendra K. , Chandra Manabendra
Published: December 2022

Using visible photoexcitation of gold nanospheres we successfully demonstrate the simultaneous harvesting of plasmon‐induced multiple hot holes in the complete oxidative scission of the C=C bond in styrene at room temperature to selectively form benzaldehyde and formaldehyde, which is a reaction that requires activation of multiple substrates. Our results reveal that, while extraction of hot holes becomes efficient for interband excitation, harvesting of multiple hot holes from the excited Au nanospheres becomes prevalent only beyond a threshold light intensity. We show that the alkene oxidation proceeded via a sequence of two consecutive elementary steps; namely, a binding step and a cyclic oxometallate transition state as the rate‐determining step. This demonstration of plasmon‐excitation‐mediated harvesting of multiple hot holes without the use of an extra hole transport media opens exciting possibilities, notably for difficult catalytic transformations involving multielectron oxidation processes.
Stiffness‐Transformable Nanoplatforms Responsive to the Tumor Microenvironment for Enhanced Tumor Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Tao Jun , Tian Ying , Chen Dong , Lu Wei , Chen Kun , Xu Chaoli , Bao Lei , Xue Bin , Wang Tiankuo , Teng Zhaogang , Wang Lianhui
Published: December 2022

Herein, we report, for the first time, a unique stiffness‐transformable manganese oxide hybridized mesoporous organosilica nanoplatform (MMON) for enhancing tumor therapeutic efficacy. The prepared MMONs had a quasi‐spherical morphology and were completely transformed into soft bowl‐like nanocapsules in the simulated tumor microenvironment through the breakage of Mn−O bonds, which decreased their Young's modulus from 165.7 to 84.5 MPa. Due to their unique stiffness transformation properties, the MMONs had reduced macrophage internalization, improved tumor cell uptake, and enhanced penetration of multicellular spheroids. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that the MMONs displayed a 3.79‐ and 2.90‐fold decrease in non‐specific liver distribution and a 2.87‐ and 1.83‐fold increase in tumor accumulation compared to their soft and stiff counterparts, respectively. Furthermore, chlorin e6 (Ce6) modified MMONs had significantly improved photodynamic therapeutic effect.
Organoboron Reagent‐Controlled Selective (Deutero)Hydrodefluorination
Authors: Shen Zheng‐Jia , Zhu Chen , Zhang Xiao , Yang Chao , Rueping Magnus , Guo Lin , Xia Wujiong
Published: December 2022

(Deuterium‐labeled) CF2H‐ and CFH2‐moieties are of high interest in drug discovery. The high demand for the incorporation of these fluoroalkyl moieties into molecular structures has witnessed significant synthetic progress, particularly in the (deutero)hydrodefluorination of CF3‐containing compounds. However, the controllable replacement of fluorine atoms while maintaining high chemoselectivity remains challenging. Herein, we describe the development of a selective (deutero)hydrodefluorination reaction via electrolysis. The reaction exhibits a remarkable chemoselectivity control, which is enabled by the addition of different organoboron sources. The procedure is operationally simple and scalable, and provides access in one step to high‐value building blocks for application in medicinal chemistry. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to investigate the reaction mechanism and to rationalize the chemoselectivity observed.
Rapid and Selective Photo‐degradation of Polymers: Design of an Alternating Copolymer with an o‐Nitrobenzyl Ether Pendant
Authors: Kubota Hiroyuki , Ouchi Makoto
Published: December 2022

The development of polymers with on‐demand degradability is required to alleviate the current global issues on polymer‐waste pollution. Therefore, we designed a vinyl ether monomer with an o‐nitrobenzyl (oNBn) group as a photo‐deprotectable pendant (oNBnVE) and synthesized an alternating copolymer with an oNBn‐capped acetal backbone via cationic copolymerization with p‐tolualdehyde (pMeBzA). The resultant alternating copolymer could be rapidly degraded into lower‐molecular‐weight compounds upon simple exposure to UV irradiation without any reactants or catalysts, while it was sufficiently stable toward heat and ambient light. This degradation proceeds via cleavage of the hemiacetal structure generated upon photo‐deprotection of the oNBn pendant. The oNBn‐peculiar degradability allowed the exclusive photo‐degradation of the oNBnVE/pMeBzA segments in a diblock copolymer composed of oNBnVE/pMeBzA and benzyl vinyl ether (BnVE)/pMeBzA segments.
Ultrasound‐assisted synthesis of silica‐coated magnetite material decorated with silver nanoparticles for the detoxification of 4‐nitrophenol
Authors: Prathibha Edwin , Rangasamy Rajmohan , Sridhar Arunasalam , Lakshmi Kannappan
Published: December 2022

Among phenolic pollutants, 4‐nitrophenol is a common organic pollutant readily discharged in water bodies. It causes an adverse effect on the lives of human beings and aquatic species. Therefore, it is essential to remove this pollutant from water resources. Herein, we report an eco‐friendly approach for the synthesis of silica‐coated magnetite material decorated with ultra‐fine silver nanoparticles, as a magnetically recyclable catalyst for the detoxification of 4‐nitrophenol. This synthetic strategy employs only ultrasound waves throughout the preparation of catalyst material. Further, no stabilizer was added in any of the steps involved in synthesis. Initially, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from ferrous sulphate heptahydrate precursor and coated with silica matrix. Subsequently, silver nanoparticles were deposited over it. Silver was chosen among the noble metal nanoparticles, as it is abundantly available and economical and exhibits good catalytic properties. This catalyst material was well characterized using HRTEM, XRD, VSM and FTIR techniques. HRTEM studies revealed that Ag nanoparticles of size between 2 and 5 nm were dispersed over the silica‐coated magnetite. The significant merits of this approach are usage of ultrasound waves, stabilizer‐free and reduced time consumption in the synthesis of catalyst. Furthermore, a facile magnetic separation of catalyst using bar magnet is noteworthy to this method. The catalyst was successfully recycled for eight times without any significant loss in the activity. This can be a promising catalyst for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with 4‐nitrophenol.
Call for environmental justice amplification among ecology scholars and practitioners: A Black Ecology perspective
Authors: Height Tatiana C. , Martin Katherine L. , Leggett Zakiya H.
Published: December 2022

For many ecologists, who do not identify as environmental justice scholars, the idea of including environmental justice into their work may not seem intuitive. This piece provides an overview of the foundations of environmental justice as a movement and as a branch of scholarship. The authors provide suggestions for how ecologists can include this area of scholarship into their work. Through this article, the authors hope to bridge the scholarly gap between environmental justice and ecology, using the lens of Black Ecology.
Arginase‐1+ bone marrow myeloid cells are reduced in myeloproliferative neoplasms and correlate with clinical phenotype, fibrosis, and molecular driver
Authors: Bonometti Arturo , Borsani Oscar , Rumi Elisa , Ferretti Virginia Valeria , Dioli Claudia , Lucato Elena , Paulli Marco , Boveri Emanuela
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal myeloid proliferative disorders characterized by sustained systemic inflammation. Despite its renowned importance, the knowledge concerning the inflammatory pathophysiology of these conditions is currently limited to studies on serum cytokines, while cellular immunity has rarely been investigated.

Methods

In the present study, we targeted Arginase‐1 immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the bone marrow of MPN patients and healthy controls and investigated their clinical and prognostic significance. We demonstrated that MPN are characterized by a significant reduction of bone marrow immunosuppressive cells and that the number of these cells significantly correlates with several clinical and histopathological features of diagnostic and prognostic importance. Moreover, we identified an unreported correlation between a reduction of Arginase‐1+ bone marrow cells and the presence of CALR mutations, linking tumor‐promoting immunity and molecular drivers. Finally, we postulate that the reduction of bone marrow Arginase‐1+ immunosuppressive cells may be due to the migration of these cells to the spleen, where they may exert systemic immunomodulatory function.

Conclusion

Altogether, this study preliminary investigated the contribution of cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms and identified a possible interesting therapeutic target as well as a set of new links that may contribute to unraveling the biological mechanisms behind these interesting hematological neoplasms.
The effect of a career adaptability psycho‐educational programme on coping with career indecision and career adaptability: A pilot study
Authors: Turan Mehmet Emin , Çelik Eyüp
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to examine the effects of a career construction theory‐oriented Career Adaptability Psycho‐educational Programme on career adaptability and coping with career indecision in Turkish high school students. Twenty‐six participants took part in the experimental design. A split‐plot (mixed) design of 2 × 3 (experimental/control groups X pretest/posttest/follow‐up test) was used. It was found that the Career Adaptability Psycho‐educational Programme has a significant effect on coping with career indecision and career adaptability; the same effect was found for the follow‐up measures completed 4 months later.
Kinetics of Heterogeneous Single‐Site Catalysis
Authors: Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: December 2022

Despite a large number of studies focusing on single‐ site (surface organometallic, single‐atom and single‐atom alloy) catalysts much less attention is devoted to kinetic analysis of such reactions. This mini‐review addresses some kinetic features of single‐site catalysis including both qualitative and quantitative aspects.
Meso‐2‐MethoxyNaphthalenyl‐BODIPY as Efficient Organic Dye for Metallaphotoredox Catalysis
Authors: Bassan Elena , Calogero Francesco , Dai Yasi , Dellai Angela , Franceschinis Alessandro , Pinosa Emanuele , Negri Fabrizia , Gualandi Andrea , Ceroni Paola , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: December 2022

A newmeso‐naphthalenyl BODIPY was designed for the efficient generation of long‐lived triplet excited state under irradiation with green light. The new, heavy atom‐free organic chromophore was employed in a benchmark example of dual palladium and photoredox catalysis, highlighting the applications of BODIPY dyes as photoredox catalysts.
School counselor educators: A grounded theory of career interest and satisfaction
Authors: Moran David , Brookover Dana L. , Goodman‐Scott Emily
Published: December 2022

Annually, there are school counseling specific counselor educator positions that remain unfilled. There is a need for more counselor educators with school counseling backgrounds. This grounded theory provides a model of the process by which school counselor educators decide to enter academia and what keeps them in their positions, based on focus groups with 32 participants. Results showed the reasons for leaving school counseling, what factors promote entry into school counselor education, and what keeps school counselor educators in that role. Implications for counselor education are provided.
Impact of Microwave Heat Treatment on the Dehydration Kinetics and Properties of Gelatin Membranes
Authors: Yapinski Dominico Delven , Mak Yu Shuen , Lim Siew Shee , Hii Ching Lik
Published: December 2022

Microwave heating was utilized as a dehydration method to produce gelatin membranes. The results demonstrated that the moisture content reduced drastically at higher microwave power, and the effective diffusivities were determined. The specific energy consumption was recorded at a higher range for 10 wt % but an opposite trend was observed for the moisture extraction rate. The spectra of all dehydrated gelatin membranes were quite similar to that of gelatin powder. Microwave dehydration increased the disordered structure of gelatin which enhanced the amphiphilicity. The surface morphology revealed a rough membrane surface which could aid the adhesion and growth of human skin cells.
In‐situ Sacrificial Positive Additive Strategy for the Construction of a Stable Negative Interface in Dual Graphite Batteries
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Ziqiang , Wang Gaowei , Feng Wangjun , Wang Xiaoyun , Feng Jianze , Zhang Xiaqing , Ma Hongyun , Zhang Xu , Xu Yongtai , Yao Siyuan , Ding Yunxia , Su Kailimai , Yan Xingbin
Published: December 2022

Due to their merits of affordability, safety, and environmental friendliness, dual graphite batteries (DGBs) have drawn widespread interest as novel energy storage devices. Nevertheless, the development of DGBs is plagued by inferior cyclic stability that arise from the irreversible loss of cations and the anion‐cation crosstalk during the formation of an negative interface. We proposed an in‐situ sacrificial positive additive strategy to enhance the electrochemical performances, based on the decomposability of potassium oxalate monohydrate (K2C2O4⋅H2O). The experimental and computational results show that the positive additive can add cations to support a stable negative interface and suppress the anion‐cation crosstalk. The as‐constructed DGBs with K2C2O4⋅H2O deliver high‐rate capability (31.8 mAh g−1 at 3.0 C) and excellent cyclic stability (∼84.1 % capacity retention after 180 cycles). This work provides a new opportunity of negative interface construction for propelling the commercial evolution of the advanced DGBs.
Role of Superoxide and Singlet Oxygen on the Oxygen Reduction Pathways in Li−O2 Cathodes at Different Li+ Ion Concentration**
Authors: Tesio Alvaro Y. , Torres Walter , Villalba Matías , Davia Federico , del Pozo María , Córdoba Daniel , Williams Federico J. , Calvo Ernesto J.
Published: December 2022

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Au electrodes has been studied in DMSO at different Li+ concentrations. In‐operando fluorescence decay of 9,10‐dimethyl anthracene (DMA) has shown that disproportionation of lithium superoxide Li+O2− into Li2O2 and O2 leads to an increasing fraction of very reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) at high lithium concentration. Singlet oxygen has been identified as the major cause of parasitic reactions leading to capacity fading and high charge overpotential of Li−O2 batteries. Rotating ring‐disk electrode shows quantitative formation of soluble superoxide at low Li+ concentration, a decrease in superoxide yield at high Li+ concentrations is consistent with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) evidence of Li2O2 deposits. Differential electro chemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) confirms oxygen depletion at the electrode surface during ORR, and O2 evolution during oxidation at 3.1 V (vs. Li/Li+ in DMSO). The spurious solvent decomposition due to the very reactive 1O2 from superoxide disproportionation is revealed by gravimetric EQCM of insoluble by‐products. Furthermore, DEMS provides evidence of CO2 gas evolution from decomposition of Li2CO3 by‐product at 3.7 V (vs. Li/Li+ in DMSO). Preliminary in‐operando full discharge‐charge tests of a Li−O2 battery with 1O2 quencher azide resulted in stable cycling, enhanced capacity and full charge recovery in a round trip.
Anchoring Ru Active Sites on N−CNTs for an Improved One‐pot Cellobiose Conversion
Authors: Guo Zhanglong , Zhou Yanan , Lim San Hua , Chu Wei , Liu Yan
Published: December 2022

In this contribution, N‐doped carbon nanotubes were obtained through nitrogen plasma treatment and used as the anchoring sites for Ru catalysts in one‐pot cellobiose conversion to hexitols. XPS and HR TEM‐EDS analysis revealed a successful introduction of N on CNTs using 300 min nitrogen plasma treatment. Both the activation ability and the amount of activated H2 were improved by the N‐anchored Ru active phase, leading to a much‐enhanced hexitols yield. The hexitols yield reached 91.5% on Ru/CNT−P‐t300 catalyst, being substantially higher than those on Ru/AC (56.84%) and Ru/CNT (76.84%). DFT simulation results verified the enhanced H2 activation ability. The Eb value of the Ru4 cluster binds with (5, 5) CNT and (5, 5) N−CNT was −4.11 and −4.66 eV, respectively, suggesting that the graphitic‐N engaged as the anchoring sites for Ru via strong interaction. The research highlights a green and facile strategy to dope N element as the anchoring sites for noble metal catalyst in improving H2 activation capability for a broad hydrogenation application.
Crystal Structure of N‐(2‐Hydroxynapthylidene)‐L‐isoleucinyl‐4,6‐O‐ethylidene‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylamine and an Insight from Experimental and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Mishra Santosh K. , Parikh Anuvasita , Rangan Krishnan , Sah Ajay K.
Published: December 2022

Dimethyl sulfoxide solution of N‐(2‐hydroxynapthylidene)‐L‐isoleucinyl‐4,6‐O‐ethylidene‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylamine (L1) affords single crystals of its ketoenamine configuration. The noncovalent intermolecular interactions present in the molecules have been explored by Hirshfeld surface analysis and 2D fingerprint plots generated using crystallographic data. The structural parameters of L1 in both the tautomeric forms (ketoenamine and phenolimine) at ground states have been optimized using Hartree–Fock and density functional theory calculations in gaseous and solution phases. The Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and UV–visible spectra of this molecule have been compared with the theoretically calculated data of both the tautomeric forms. Additionally, Mulliken population analysis, molecular electrostatic potential, and natural bond order analysis provide a better understanding of charge distribution, presence of electrophilic/nucleophilic sites, and intramolecular charge transfer, respectively, in the molecule.
The effect of warming on seagrass wasting disease depends on host genotypic identity and diversity
Authors: Schenck Forest R. , DuBois Katherine , Kardish Melissa R. , Stachowicz John J. , Hughes A. Randall
Published: December 2022

Temperature increases due to climate change have affected the distribution and severity of diseases in natural systems, causing outbreaks that can destroy host populations. Host identity, diversity, and the associated microbiome can affect host responses to both infection and temperature, but little is known about how they could function as important mediators of disease in altered thermal environments. We conducted an 8‐week warming experiment to test the independent and interactive effects of warming, host genotypic identity, and host genotypic diversity on the prevalence and intensity of infections of seagrass (Zostera marina) by the wasting disease parasite (Labyrinthula zosterae). At elevated temperatures, we found that genotypically diverse host assemblages had reduced infection intensity, but not reduced prevalence, relative to less diverse assemblages. This dilution effect on parasite intensity was the result of both host composition effects as well as emergent properties of biodiversity. In contrast with the benefits of genotypic diversity under warming, diversity actually increased parasite intensity slightly in ambient temperatures. We found mixed support for the hypothesis that a growth–defense trade‐off contributed to elevated disease intensity under warming. Changes in the abundance (but not composition) of a few taxa in the host microbiome were correlated with genotype‐specific responses to wasting disease infections under warming, consistent with the emerging evidence linking changes in the host microbiome to the outcome of host–parasite interactions. This work emphasizes the context dependence of biodiversity–disease relationships and highlights the potential importance of interactions among biodiversity loss, climate change, and disease outbreaks in a key foundation species.
Lithiation‐Functionalisation of Triazoles Bearing Electron‐Withdrawing N‐Substituents: Challenges and Solutions**
Authors: Bugden Frances E. , Clarkson Guy J. , Greenhalgh Mark D.
Published: December 2022

The regioselective lithiation of 1,2,3‐triazoles provides an opportunity to introduce additional functionality, however this simple functionalisation strategy using triazoles bearing electron‐withdrawing N‐substituents has not been investigated until now. Herein, we demonstrate that the lithiated triazole intermediates can readily decompose, even at −78 °C. In addition, lithiation‐deuteration studies reveal lithiation can take place competitively on both the triazole and the electron‐withdrawn aryl ring. Careful control of reaction conditions is therefore required to i) minimise decomposition pathways; and ii) facilitate regioselective functionalisation of the triazole.
Challenges and research agenda for realizing a seamless integration of Digital Shadows into the production domain
Authors: Sapel Patrick , Hopmann Christian
Published: December 2022

One vision of industry 4.0 is an autonomous shopfloor configuration. A possibility to transfer this vision to reality is realizable with Digital Shadows. As Digital Shadows are well defined in research, challenges for seamless integration in production are still an open research topic. The main challenge is the enrichment of semantics on the domain in a standardized format that enables multilateral communication between all assets. To overcome these challenge, tools have to be developed to support domain experts in building and integrating Digital Shadows without knowledge of modeling and programming. This article demonstrates the main challenges of this objective and proposes a research agenda to close this research gap.
Chronic acidosis rewires cancer cell metabolism through PPARα signaling
Authors: Rolver Michala G. , Holland Lya K. K. , Ponniah Muthulakshmi , Prasad Nanditha S. , Yao Jiayi , Schnipper Julie , Kramer Signe , Elingaard‐Larsen Line , Pedraz‐Cuesta Elena , Liu Bin , Pardo Luis A. , Maeda Kenji , Sandelin Albin , Pedersen Stine Falsig
Published: December 2022

The mechanisms linking tumor microenvironment acidosis to disease progression are not understood. Here, we used mammary, pancreatic, and colon cancer cells to show that adaptation to growth at an extracellular pH (pHe) mimicking acidic tumor niches is associated with upregulated net acid extrusion capacity and elevated intracellular pH at physiological pHe, but not at acidic pHe. Using metabolic profiling, shotgun lipidomics, imaging and biochemical analyses, we show that the acid adaptation‐induced phenotype is characterized by a shift toward oxidative metabolism, increased lipid droplet‐, triacylglycerol‐, peroxisome content and mitochondrial hyperfusion. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPARA, PPARα) expression and activity are upregulated, at least in part by increased fatty acid uptake. PPARα upregulates genes driving increased mitochondrial and peroxisomal mass and β‐oxidation capacity, including mitochondrial lipid import proteins CPT1A, CPT2 and SLC25A20, electron transport chain components, peroxisomal proteins PEX11A and ACOX1, and thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP), a negative regulator of glycolysis. This endows acid‐adapted cancer cells with increased capacity for utilizing fatty acids for metabolic needs, while limiting glycolysis. As a consequence, the acid‐adapted cells exhibit increased sensitivity to PPARα inhibition. We conclude that PPARα is a key upstream regulator of metabolic changes favoring cancer cell survival in acidic tumor niches.
Safety, effectiveness, womenʼs experience, and economic costs of outpatient induction in women with uncomplicated pregnancies: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Sangskär Heléne , Berglin Lisa , Sengpiel Verena , Svanberg Therese , Svensson Mikael , Berter Beatrice , Elden Helen , Sjögren Petteri , Strandell Annika , Carlsson Ylva
Published: December 2022

Background

Induction of labor is increasing worldwide, and some countries have started to introduce outpatient induction in low‐risk women.

Objectives

To assess current knowledge concerning the safety, efficacy, women's experience, and economic costs of outpatient induction compared with inpatient induction.

Search strategy

Multiple databases were last searched on October 19, 2021. Studies were selected according to our pre‐specified inclusion, selection, and exclusion criteria.

Selection criteria

PICO; P—women with low‐risk pregnancy planned for induction of labor. I—Outpatient induction C—Inpatient induction O—Outcomes according to the core outcome set for induction of labor (COSIOL).

Data collection and analysis

Pooled in meta‐analyses. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system.

Main results

The 20 included studies, including 7956 women, showed an overall low incidence of adverse events and indicated comparable results for inpatient and outpatient induction, but the studies were underpowered for safety‐related outcomes. Women's experiences of outpatient induction were mostly positive. Based on three studies, the economic costs consequence is inconclusive.

Conclusions

Due to early randomization, heterogenic study design, and underpowered studies regarding safety outcome, the certainty of evidence is very low. It is uncertain whether outpatient induction affects the risk for neonatal and maternal complications.
What Is the Role of Sex‐Related Differences in the Effectiveness and Safety of Biological Drugs Used in Patients With Severe Asthma?
Authors: Pelaia Corrado , Casarella Alessandro , Pelaia Giulia , Marcianò Gianmarco , Rania Vincenzo , Muraca Lucia , Cione Erika , Bianco Luigi , Palleria Caterina , D'Agostino Bruno , Mazzuca Daniela , De Sarro Giovambattista , Mizio Giulio Di , Gallelli Luca
Published: December 2022

Biological drugs are used to treat severe asthma with an improvement of clinical symptoms. Data on sex difference of these drugs in patients with severe asthma are sparse. This study aimed to assess the effects of sex‐related differences on biological drugs in patients with severe asthma. In this observational, open‐label, prospective, noncontrolled, single‐center cohort pilot study, we enrolled adult patients aged >18 years diagnosed with severe asthma and not previously treated with biological drugs. The first clinical end point was the statistical difference (P < .05) in the efficacy of biological drugs evaluated using the asthma control test and spirometry between sexes. The first safety end point was the statistical difference (P < .05) in developing adverse drug reactions between sexes. We enrolled 74 patients with severe asthma (48 women and 26 men) with a mean age of 59.4 (standard deviation, 11.8) years. The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 6.9 (standard deviation, 13.9) for women and 9.4 (standard deviation, 10.7) for men and improved significantly after the treatment (P < .01), with no significant differences in sex (P = .8). Similarly, the asthma control test improved 12 months after the beginning of the treatment without significant differences between men and women (P = .5). The most common drug used was omalizumab (45.9% of the patients;P < .01) without significant differences between sex (P > .05). We did not observe the development of adverse drug reactions during the study. In conclusion, in asthmatic patients, sex does not have a role in either the effectiveness or safety of biological drugs.
PET‐MRI of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Whittington Beth , Dweck Marc R. , van Beek Edwin J.R. , Newby David , Williams Michelle C.
Published: December 2022

Simultaneous positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET‐MRI) combines the anatomical detail and tissue characterization of MRI with the functional information from PET. Within the coronary arteries, this hybrid technique can be used to identify biological activity combined with anatomically high‐risk plaque features to better understand the processes underlying coronary atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the downstream effects of coronary artery disease on the myocardium can be characterized by providing information on myocardial perfusion, viability, and function. This review will describe the current capabilities of PET‐MRI in coronary artery disease and discuss the limitations and future directions of this emerging technique.

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Optimal planning of hybrid energy storage systems in traction power supply system with railway power conditioner
Authors: Wang Meng , Liang Zongyou , Fu Haochun , Deng Hao
Published: December 2022

The railway power conditioner (RPC) is a promising technology to improve the regenerative braking energy (RBE) utilization and power quality of the traction power supply system (TPSS). The hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) play a key role in the economic operation of TPSS due to the high cost of the system. The capacity and power of HESS are the critical issues affecting the system performance and cost. Therefore, a hierarchical energy management model is proposed to optimize the HESS sizing and the scheduling of TPSS with RPC. At the master level, a nonlinear mathematical model is built to minimize the HESS cost, which includes capital cost, replacement cost, and recovery cost. At the slave level, considering voltage unbalance as a constraint, a mixed‐integer linear programming model is established to minimize the electricity cost of railway operation. In order to solve the hierarchical nonlinear programming problem, an improved particle Swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a GUROBI solver embedded is proposed. Finally, the results show that the 14.08% cost reduction is achieved, and the standard limit value of voltage unbalance is satisfied.