bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoluminal versus open repair of descending thoracic aortic rupture: a review of the National Trauma Databank
Authors: Xenos Eleftherios S. , Bietz Gabriel J. , Davenport Daniel L.
Published: August 2011

Objectives: Open repair for blunt thoracic aortic injury is associated with significant mortality. Interest in less invasive methods of repair has developed and results of several clinical studies have shown successful emergency repair with endovascular stent grafting. The purpose of this report was to compare endoluminal versus open repair of traumatic thoracic aortic injury in the National Trauma Databank.

Methods:: We queried the databank from 2002 to 2006. We selected patients who had one of their International Classification of Disease-9 Diagnoses as 901.0, ‘injury to the thoracic aorta’, whose mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident, fall or other transport, whose discharge disposition was known, and who received an endovascular or open repair.

Results: The search resulted in 997 patients, one of whom had both procedures listed and was excluded from the analysis, 72% were males. A total of 875 underwent open repair and 121 had endoluminal repair. Both groups were similar in terms of age, demographics, associated injuries and hemodynamic status on presentation. Neither method of repair conferred significant advantage of survival, length of stay or ventilator days. Furthermore, there was no significant difference of pulmonary, renal, cardiac, infectious and neurologic complications between the two methods.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in a large unselected population, endoluminal repair for aortic thoracic injury is not associated with decreased mortality or overall morbidity. Long-term data for endoluminal repair and its durability are lacking, especially in young patients. It may be premature to adopt endoluminal repair as the method of choice for all of these patients.
Tuberculosis in Sudan: a study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain genotype and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drugs
Authors: Sharaf Eldin Ghada S , Fadl-Elmula Imad , Ali Mohammed S , Ali Ahmed B , Salih Abdel Latif GA , Mallard Kim , Bottomley Christian , McNerney Ruth
Published: August 2011

Background

Sudan is a large country with a diverse population and history of civil conflict. Poverty levels are high with a gross national income per capita of less than two thousand dollars. The country has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) with an estimated 50,000 incident cases during 2009, when the estimated prevalence was 209 cases per 100,000 of the population. Few studies have been undertaken on TB in Sudan and the prevalence of drug resistant disease is not known.

Methods

In this study Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 235 patients attending three treatment centers in Sudan were screened for susceptibility to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin by the proportion method on Lowenstein Jensen media. 232 isolates were also genotyped by spoligotyping. Demographic details of patients were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the associations between drug resistance with risk ratios computed for a set of risk factors (gender, age, case status - new or relapse, geographic origin of the patient, spoligotype, number of people per room, marital status and type of housing).

Results

Multi drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), being resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, was found in 5% (95% CI: 2,8) of new cases and 24% (95% CI: 14,34) of previously treated patients. Drug resistance was associated with previous treatment with risk ratios of 3.51 (95% CI: 2.69-4.60; p < 0.001) for resistance to any drug and 5.23 (95% CI: 2.30-11.90; p < 0.001) for MDR-TB. Resistance was also associated with the geographic region of origin of the patient, being most frequently observed in patients from the Northern region and least in the Eastern region with risk ratios of 7.43 (95%CI:3.42,16.18; p: < 0.001) and 14.09 (95%CI:1.80,110.53; p:0.026) for resistance to any drug and MDR-TB. The major genotype observed was of the Central Asia spoligotype family (CAS1_Delhi), representing 49% of the 232 isolates examined.

Conclusions

We conclude that emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis has the potential to be a serious public health problem in Sudan and that strengthened tuberculosis control and improved monitoring of therapy is needed. Further surveillance is required to fully ascertain the extent of the problem.
Application of functionalized nanofluid in thermosyphon
Authors: Yang Xue-Fei , Liu Zhen-Hua
Published: August 2011

A water-based functionalized nanofluid was made by surface functionalizing the ordinary silica nanoparticles. The functionalized nanofluid can keep long-term stability. and no sedimentation was observed. The functionalized nanofluid as the working fluid is applied in a thermosyphon to understand the effect of this special nanofluid on the thermal performance of the thermosyphon. The experiment was carried out under steady operating pressures. The same work was also explored for traditional nanofluid (consisting of water and the same silica nanoparticles without functionalization) for comparison. Results indicate that a porous deposition layer exists on the heated surface of the evaporator during the operating process using traditional nanofluid; however, no coating layer exists for functionalized nanofluid. Functionalized nanofluid can enhance the evaporating heat transfer coefficient, while it has generally no effect on the maximum heat flux. Traditional nanofluid deteriorates the evaporating heat transfer coefficient but enhances the maximum heat flux. The existence of the deposition layer affects mainly the thermal performance, and no meaningful nanofluid effect is found in the present study.
Reduced viscosity Barley β-Glucan versus placebo: a randomized controlled trial of the effects on insulin sensitivity for individuals at risk for diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bays Harold , Frestedt Joy L , Bell Margie , Williams Carolyn , Kolberg Lore , Schmelzer Wade , Anderson James W
Published: August 2011

Background

Prior studies suggest soluble fibers may favorably affect glucose/insulin metabolism.

Methods

This prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double blind, parallel group trial evaluated 50 generally healthy subjects without prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (44 completers), who were administered beverages containing placebo (control), lower dose (3 g/d), or higher dose (6 g/d) reduced viscosity barley β-glucan (BBG) extract. Subjects (68% women) mean age 56 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) 32 kg/m2and baseline fasting plasma glucose 102 mg/dl were instructed to follow a weight-maintaining Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet and consumed three 11 oz study beverages daily with meals for 12 weeks. The four primary study endpoint measures were plasma glucose and insulin [each fasting and post-Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing (OGTT)].

Results

Compared to placebo, administration of 3 g/d BBG over 12 weeks significantly reduced glucose incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC) measures during OGTT and 6 g/d BBG over 12 weeks significantly reduced fasting insulin as well as the related homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Beverages were generally well tolerated with no serious adverse experiences and no significant differences between groups for adverse experiences. Per protocol instruction, subjects maintained body weight.

Conclusions

These findings suggest 6 g/d BBG consumed in a beverage over 12 weeks may improve insulin sensitivity among hyperglycemic individuals with no prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and who experience no change in body weight.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01375803http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00820807.
Splenic autotransplantation in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report
Authors: Toro Adriana , Mannino Maurizio , Reale Giulio , Di Carlo Isidoro
Published: August 2011

Introduction

Splenectomy is performed mostly because of traumatic events that cause rupture of the spleen. Postsplenectomy, a patient has a higher risk of developing sepsis. Autotransplantation of splenic tissue decreases the risk of opportunistic infection and sepsis, but its role in patients with human immunodeficiency virus is debated because the spleen is a replication site, especially during the asymptomatic phase of this infection. We present a case of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection who was admitted to our hospital for a traumatic rupture of the spleen and underwent spleen autotransplantation.

Case presentation

A 36-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to the shock trauma center of our hospital after a car accident. Anamnesis showed that the patient had been human immunodeficiency virus-positive for 13 years. A computed tomography scan showed abundant fluid collection in his superior and inferior abdomen caused by splenic rupture, with no other associated intra-abdominal lesions. During surgery, the spleen appeared severely damaged. A splenectomy was performed, and 35 g of splenic tissue was autotransplanted in a pouch created in the omentum. No complications occurred after surgery, and our patient was discharged from our hospital nine days after the operation. One year later, computed tomography and scintigraphy showed that the transplanted tissue was functioning well.

Conclusions

Autotransplantation of splenic tissue decreases the risk of opportunistic infection and sepsis, and it might also be useful in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Other studies need to be done to validate this hypothesis.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Punnen Sanoj , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Sadetsky Natalia , Carroll Peter R.
Published: August 2011

Purpose

The potential association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) remains controversial. This study assessed mortality outcomes in a large national registry to further elucidate the association between treatment selection and cause of mortality.

Patients and Methods

A total of 7,248 men in the CaPSURE registry were analyzed. Treatment was categorized as local only, primary ADT monotherapy, local treatment plus ADT, and watchful waiting/active surveillance (WW/AS). Competing hazards survival analysis was performed for prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM), CVM, and all-cause mortality. A propensity score–adjusted and a propensity-matched analysis were undertaken to adjust for imbalances in covariates among men receiving various treatments.

Results

Patients treated with ADT or WW/AS had a higher likelihood of PCSM than those treated with local therapy alone. Patients treated with primary ADT had an almost two-fold greater likelihood of CVM (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.97) than those treated with local therapy alone; however, patients treated with WW/AS had a greater than two-fold increased risk of CVM (HR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.53 to 3.95). A propensity-matching algorithm in a subset of 1,391 patients was unable to find a significant difference in CVM between those who did or did not receive ADT.

Conclusion

Patients matched on propensity to receive ADT did not show an association between ADT and CVM. This suggests that potential unmeasured variables affecting treatment selection may confound the relationship between ADT use and cardiovascular risk. However, an association may yet exist, because the propensity score could not include all known risk factors for CVM.
Phase IB Study of Gene-Mediated Cytotoxic Immunotherapy Adjuvant to Up-Front Surgery and Intensive Timing Radiation for Malignant Glioma
Authors: Chiocca E. Antonio , Aguilar Laura K. , Bell Susan D. , Kaur Balveen , Hardcastle Jayson , Cavaliere Robert , McGregor John , Lo Simon , Ray-Chaudhuri Abhik , Chakravarti Arnab , Grecula John , Newton Herbert , Harris Kimbra S. , Grossman Robert G. , Trask Todd W. , Baskin David S. , Monterroso Carissa , Manzanera Andrea G. , Aguilar-Cordova Estuardo , New Pamela Z.
Published: August 2011

Purpose

Despite aggressive therapies, median survival for malignant gliomas is less than 15 months. Patients with unmethylated O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) fare worse, presumably because of temozolomide resistance. AdV-tk, an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene, plus prodrug synergizes with surgery and chemoradiotherapy, kills tumor cells, has not shown MGMT dependency, and elicits an antitumor vaccine effect.

Patients and Methods

Patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma received AdV-tk at 3 × 1010, 1 × 1011, or 3 × 1011 vector particles (vp) via tumor bed injection at time of surgery followed by 14 days of valacyclovir. Radiation was initiated within 9 days after AdV-tk injection to overlap with AdV-tk activity. Temozolomide was administered after completing valacyclovir treatment.

Results

Accrual began December 2005 and was completed in 13 months. Thirteen patients were enrolled and 12 completed therapy, three at dose levels 1 and 2 and six at dose level 3. There were no dose-limiting or significant added toxicities. One patient withdrew before completing prodrug because of an unrelated surgical complication. Survival at 2 years was 33% and at 3 years was 25%. Patient-reported quality of life assessed with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) was stable or improved after treatment. A significant CD3+ T-cell infiltrate was found in four of four tumors analyzed after treatment. Three patients with MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma multiforme survived 6.5, 8.7, and 46.4 months.

Conclusion

AdV-tk plus valacyclovir can be safely delivered with surgery and accelerated radiation in newly diagnosed malignant gliomas. Temozolomide did not prevent immune responses. Although not powered for efficacy, the survival and MGMT independence trends are encouraging. A phase II trial is ongoing.
Bevacizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy As First-Line Therapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Study
Authors: Ohtsu Atsushi , Shah Manish A. , Van Cutsem Eric , Rha Sun Young , Sawaki Akira , Park Sook Ryun , Lim Ho Yeong , Yamada Yasuhide , Wu Jian , Langer Bernd , Starnawski Michal , Kang Yoon-Koo
Published: August 2011

Purpose

The Avastin in Gastric Cancer (AVAGAST) trial was a multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of adding bevacizumab to capecitabine-cisplatin in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer.

Patients and Methods

Patients received bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg or placebo followed by cisplatin 80 mg/m2on day 1 plus capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2twice daily for 14 days every 3 weeks. Fluorouracil was permitted in patients unable to take oral medications. Cisplatin was given for six cycles; capecitabine and bevacizumab were administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Log-rank test was used to test the OS difference.

Results

In all, 774 patients were enrolled; 387 were assigned to each treatment group (intention-to-treat population), and 517 deaths were observed. Median OS was 12.1 months with bevacizumab plus fluoropyrimidine-cisplatin and 10.1 months with placebo plus fluoropyrimidine-cisplatin (hazard ratio 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.03; P = .1002). Both median progression-free survival (6.7 v 5.3 months; hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.93; P = .0037) and overall response rate (46.0% v 37.4%; P = .0315) were significantly improved with bevacizumab versus placebo. Preplanned subgroup analyses revealed regional differences in efficacy outcomes. The most common grade 3 to 5 adverse events were neutropenia (35%, bevacizumab plus fluoropyrimidine-cisplatin; 37%, placebo plus fluoropyrimidine-cisplatin), anemia (10% v 14%), and decreased appetite (8% v 11%). No new bevacizumab-related safety signals were identified.

Conclusion

Although AVAGAST did not reach its primary objective, adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy was associated with significant increases in progression-free survival and overall response rate in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer.
New York City Cab Drivers' Labor Supply Revisited: Reference-Dependent Preferences with Rational-Expectations Targets for Hours and Income
Authors: Crawford Vincent P , Meng Juanjuan
Published: August 2011

This paper proposes a model of cab drivers' labor supply, building on Henry S. Farber's (2005, 2008) empirical analyses and Botond Kőszegi and Matthew Rabin's (2006; henceforth “KR”) theory of reference-dependent preferences. Following KR, our model has targets for hours as well as income, determined by proxied rational expectations. Our model, estimated with Farber's data, reconciles his finding that stopping probabilities are significantly related to hours but not income with Colin Camerer et al.'s (1997) negative “wage” elasticity of hours; and avoids Farber's criticism that estimates of drivers' income targets are too unstable to yield a useful model of labor supply. (JEL J22, J31, L92)
A Relation Between Triangular Numbers and Prime Numbers
Authors: Flórez Rigoberto , Junes Leandro
Published: August 2011

We study a relation between factorials and their additive analog, the triangular numbers. We show that there is a positive integer
From the Crisis of Food to Food in Crisis
Authors: bruegel martin
Published: August 2011

The fear of want is one of the great protagonists of human history. Grain riots are its most spectacular illustration. Indigence, however, always combines with a sense of deprivation before leading to upheavals. The relations between biological and cultural definitions of need form the subject matter of this article. It offers a reflection on the ways in which historians have construed the rapports between individual metabolism and collective representation. It argues that accounting for foodways requires their inscription in pertinent contexts before they are measured in calories and cents. Comprehension of the meaning of alimentary practices constitutes an indispensable step for assuring a chance of success to attempts at inflecting behavior—whether in consumer societies where profusion brings about a great many life-style related afflictions (obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc.) or developing countries where malnutrition continues to undermine health and hunger remains responsible for a majority of deaths.
Miscellaneous Food in a Feverish Haste
Authors: grinspan jon
Published: August 2011

The eating-house was a pillar of late nineteenth-century American cities, feeding famished industrial workers and harried professionals. Urban wage laborers came to depend on cheap lunch joints for a quick midday meal, in the process altering Americans’ relationship with food. Eating-houses familiarized many Americans with the habit of purchasing cooked meals, eating rapidly with strangers, and the increasing distance between diner and farmer. The beef-centric meals served at such establishments helped strengthen the nationwide network of industrial ranching. This prose piece explores the experience of dining in an eating-house from the perspective of a hungry laborer.
Yellow Nutsedge Interference in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper as Influenced by Turnip Soil Amendment
Authors: Bangarwa Sanjeev K. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Mattice John D. , Gbur Edward E.
Published: August 2011

Methyl bromide has been widely used as a broad-spectrum fumigant for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. However, because of environmental hazards, the phase-out of methyl bromide requires development of alternative weed management strategies. Brassicaceae plants produce glucosinolates which are hydrolyzed to toxic isothiocyanates following tissue decomposition, and therefore can be used as a cultural strategy. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to study the influence of soil amendment (‘Seventop’ turnip cover crop vs. fallow) and the effect of initially planted yellow nutsedge tuber density (0, 50, and 100 tubers m−2) on the interference of yellow nutsedge in raised-bed polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. Total glucosinolate production by the turnip cover crop was 12,635 and 22,845 µmol m−2in 2007 and 2009, respectively, and was mainly contributed by shoots. In general, soil amendment with the turnip cover crop was neither effective in reducing yellow nutsedge growth and tuber production nor in improving bell pepper growth and yield compared to fallow plots at any initial tuber density. Averaged over cover crops, increasing initial tuber density from 50 to 100 tubers m−2increased yellow nutsedge shoot density, shoot dry weight, and tuber production ≥ 1.4 times. However, increased tuber density had minimal impact on yellow nutsedge height and canopy width. Compared to weed-free plots, interference of yellow nutsedge reduced bell pepper dry weight and marketable yield ≥ 42 and ≥ 47%, respectively. However, bell pepper dry weight and yield reduction from 50 and 100 tubers m−2were not different. Light was the major resource for which yellow nutsedge competed with bell pepper. Yellow nutsedge shoots grown from initially planted 50 and 100 tubers m−2caused up to 48 and 67% light interception in bell pepper, respectively. It is concluded that yellow nutsedge interference from initial densities of 50 and 100 tubers m−2are equally effective in reducing bell pepper yield and that soil biofumigation with turnip is not a viable management option for yellow nutsedge at these densities.
Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with Saflufenacil Tank Mixtures in No-Till Cotton
Authors: Waggoner Brock S. , Mueller Thomas C. , Bond Jason A. , Steckel Lawrence E.
Published: August 2011

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed management continues to be a challenge in no-till cotton systems in Tennessee and Mississippi. Field studies were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate saflufenacil in tank mixtures with glyphosate, glufosinate, or paraquat on GR horseweed prior to planting cotton. Saflufenacil and saflufenacil tank mixtures were applied 7 d before planting (DBP). Three broad spectrum herbicides were tank-mixed with saflufenacil at rates of 0, 6.3, 12.5, 25, and 50 g ai ha−1. Saflufenacil at 25 and 50 g ai ha−1in tank mixture with all three broad-spectrum herbicides provided similar GR horseweed control when compared to the current standard of glyphosate + dicamba. Across all saflufenacil rates, lint cotton yield among the glyphosate, glufosinate, and paraquat tank mixture treatments did not differ from each other. Control of horseweed with 25 or 50 g ha−1of saflufenacil across all tank mixtures also was not different from the standard of glyphosate + dicamba. Moreover, saflufenacil, on silt loam soil evaluated in this study, showed no more cotton injury than glyphosate applied 7 d or more before planting. Saflufenacil applied alone at 25 g ha−1provided lower control of GR horseweed than the standard, which translated to lower lint yield compared to the glyphosate + dicamba treatment or saflufenacil with each tank mixture partner. The 12.5 g ha−1rate of saflufenacil tank mixed with either paraquat or glufosinate provided less horseweed control (< 85%) than if higher rates of saflufenacil were used (> 95%). However, lint cotton yield was not different between these treatments. This research suggests that saflufenacil at 25 g ha−1is the most optimal rate for tank mixtures with glyphosate, glufosinate, or paraquat. It also reaffirms earlier research that the 25 g ha−1saflufenacil rate safely can be applied inside the currently labeled 42-d waiting period between a saflufenacil application and cotton planting.
Changes in Herbicide Use after Adoption of HR Canola in Western Canada
Authors: Smyth S. J. , Gusta M. , Belcher K. , Phillips P. W. B. , Castle D.
Published: August 2011

This article examines the changes in herbicide use in relation to canola production in Western Canada, comparing 1995 and 2006. The commercialization and widespread adoption of herbicide-resistant (HR) canola has changed weed management practices in Western Canada. Before the introduction of HR canola, weeds were controlled by herbicides and tillage as the leading herbicides at that time required tillage to allow for soil incorporation of the herbicide. Much of the tillage associated with HR canola production has been eliminated as 64% of producers are now using zero or minimum tillage as their preferred form of crop and soil management. Additionally, there have been significant changes regarding the use and application of herbicides for weed control in canola. This research shows that when comparing canola production in 1995 and 2006, the environmental impact of herbicides applied to canola decreased 53%, producer exposure to chemicals decreased 56%, and quantity of active ingredient applied decreased 1.3 million kg. The cumulative environmental impact was reduced almost 50% with the use of HR herbicides. If HR canola had not been developed and Canadian canola farmers continued to use previous production technologies, the amount of active ingredient applied to control weeds in 2007 would have been 60% above what was actually applied.
Vascular Dysfunction in Experimental Diabetes Is Improved by Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate but Not Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate Therapy
Authors: Schuhmacher Swenja , Oelze Matthias , Bollmann Franziska , Kleinert Hartmut , Otto Christian , Heeren Tjebo , Steven Sebastian , Hausding Michael , Knorr Maike , Pautz Andrea , Reifenberg Kurt , Schulz Eberhard , Gori Tommaso , Wenzel Philip , Münzel Thomas , Daiber Andreas
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is associated with vascular oxidative stress, activation of NADPH oxidase, and uncoupling of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (endothelial NO synthase [eNOS]). Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN) is an organic nitrate with potent antioxidant properties via induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We tested whether treatment with PETN improves vascular dysfunction in the setting of experimental diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

After induction of hyperglycemia by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (60 mg/kg i.v.), PETN (15 mg/kg/day p.o.) or isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN; 75 mg/kg/day p.o.) was fed to Wistar rats for 7 weeks. Oxidative stress was assessed by optical methods and oxidative protein modifications, vascular function was determined by isometric tension recordings, protein expression was measured by Western blotting, RNA expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, and HO-1 promoter activity in stable transfected cells was determined by luciferase assays.

RESULTS

PETN, but not ISMN, improved endothelial dysfunction. NADPH oxidase and serum xanthine oxidase activities were significantly reduced by PETN but not by ISMN. Both organic nitrates had minor effects on the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, eNOS and dihydrofolate reductase (Western blotting). PETN, but not ISMN, normalized the expression of GTP cyclohydrolase-1, extracellular superoxide dismutase, and S-glutathionylation of eNOS, thereby preventing eNOS uncoupling. The expression of the antioxidant enzyme, HO-1, was increased by STZ treatment and further upregulated by PETN, but not ISMN, via activation of the transcription factor NRF2.

CONCLUSIONS

In contrast to ISMN, the organic nitrate, PETN, improves endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by preventing eNOS uncoupling and NADPH oxidase activation, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Thus, PETN therapy may be suited to treat patients with cardiovascular complications of diabetes.
Correction: Nagy, A., et al. Reassessing Domain Architecture Evolution of Metazoan Proteins: Major Impact of Gene Prediction Errors. Genes 2011, 2, 449-501.
Authors: Nagy Alinda , Szláma György , Szarka Eszter , Trexler Mária , Bányai László , Patthy László
Published: August 2011

We found some errors in the published versions of Figure S2, Figure S3 and Figure S8 of our paper [1]. The correct Figures are presented below. [...]
Cell Surface Markers in HTLV-1 Pathogenesis
Authors: Kress Andrea K. , Grassmann Ralph , Fleckenstein Bernhard
Published: August 2011

The phenotype of HTLV-1-transformed CD4+ T lymphocytes largely depends on defined viral effector molecules such as the viral oncoprotein Tax. In this review, we exemplify the expression pattern of characteristic lineage markers, costimulatory receptors and ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, cytokine receptors, and adhesion molecules on HTLV-1-transformed cells. These molecules may provide survival signals for the transformed cells. Expression of characteristic surface markers might therefore contribute to persistence of HTLV-1-transformed lymphocytes and to the development of HTLV-1-associated disease.
X – Zero Gear Drive with Minor Teeth Difference
Authors: Zhou You Qiang , Zeng Gang , Sun Chao
Published: August 2011

Planetary gear drive with minor teeth difference (zd≤8) is one of the advanced transmitting styles and could meet the requirement of larger ratio in a smaller size of dimension. Generally the gears with addenda modifications play a principal role in planetary gear drive of minor teeth difference to avoid teeth interference during the mesh, and this transmission implies cumbersome parameters calculations and brings up higher angle of engagement to affect the load capacity because of life weakening on carrier bearings involved. In fact, provided some certain promise, zero addenda modification (viz. X-zero) drive with minor teeth difference could also qualify for gearing conditions so as to reduce the complicacy of calculations and angle of engagement mentioned above. From investigating the relationships amongst the total teeth number of internal gear, difference of tooth number between internal and external gear, addendum coefficient and teeth profile interference criterion, the unique design characteristic about X–zero gear drive with minor teeth difference are outlined.
Transmission Design for a Wind Powered Compressed Air Generation System
Authors: Shaw Dein , Cai Jyun Yu , Liu Chien Ting
Published: August 2011

In this study, a new idea of wind powered air compression system is introduced. Present study relates to an air compression system having a characteristic of storing wind energy. A transmission system transfer the wind power to an air compression system is also studied. The air compressed system is comprised of a windmill, an energy storage device, an air compressor, and an air storage device for collecting the wind energy and storing the energy in a form of compressed air. In order to find the basic characters of the system, several experiments were done and a transmission system was selected and modified.
The Design and Experiment of Oval Bevel Gear
Authors: Lin Chao , Hou Yu Jie , Zeng Qing Long , Gong Hai , Nie Ling , Qiu Hua
Published: August 2011

Aiming at the complex design and analysis methods of noncircular bevel gear, combining the gear space engagement theory and the generating method of tooth profile, the profile generating process was seen as the pure rolling between the pitch line of virtual processing tool and pitch curve of oval bevel gear based on the virtual generating method. The blank parameters and relation equation between tool parameters and procedure parameters of generating method were deduced. General parametric solid models of oval bevel gear were founded. Based on experimental result of oval bevel gear transmission, the design profile of oval bevel gear which was obtained according to generating method was verified.
Time Domain Computational Analysis for Shock Characteristics of Elastic Support Gearbox
Authors: Dai Guang Hao , Gao Chang Wei , Liu Yong Heng
Published: August 2011

Shock load spectrum of elastic support gearbox is confirmed by Federation Wehrmacht vessel construction rules BV0430/85 standard, and convert into equivalent double-triangular wave acceleration shock load. We take one elastic support gearbox which used in a vessel as computational study subject. With the help of ABAQUS software, we establish finite element model of elastic support gearbox and put double-triangular shock load into finite element model. Taking finite element analysis method do time domain response characteristics numerical simulation research of elastic support gearbox with limited bit and unlimited bit design, respectively, under shock load effect.
Development Solution of Civil Helicopter Transmission Train Vibration Monitoring System
Authors: Zhang Su Ning , Ding Wen Qiang , Wang Yong Hong
Published: August 2011

Health & Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) is designed for improving airworthiness, reliability and effective maintenance management of helicopter by analysis of detected / diagnosed operation data internal/external environment data collected from the helicopter. Vibration monitoring system plays as an important part of entireness integrated HUMS, which offers a considerable improvement to conventional monitoring techniques. This paper covers development solution of civil helicopter transmission train Vibration monitoring system. Vibration monitoring system (VMS) constantly checks the performance of safety-critical components, provides warnings in advance of potential equipment failures and collects valuable data for routine maintenance of the helicopters.
The Effect of Superfinishing on the Contact Fatigue of Case Carburised Gears
Authors: Zhang J. , Shaw B. A.
Published: August 2011

The contact fatigue performance of two pairs of case carburised gears with either an as-ground or superfinished surface finish was studied. This comparison test was carried out using a back-to-back gear test rig. Test results showed that superfinished gears provided an enhanced contact fatigue resistance with only the development of minor scratches and light micropitting after running, while as-ground gears failed through a sequence of initial micropitting, progressive micropitting, macropitting and scuffing.
Numerical Method of Determining the Curvature Interference Limit Curve for Modified Hourglass Worm Pairs
Authors: Zhao Ya Ping , Wu Tian Chao
Published: August 2011

The double-point downhill secant method (the DPDS method) is proposed to solve the nonlinear equations to determine the curvature interference limit points for modified hourglass worm drives. Thereupon, the whole curvature interference limit line can be obtained by interpolation. Based on this, the undercutting feature of the corrected worm gear can be investigated. The DPDS method has two main merits in principle. The first is the avoidance of the computation of the Jacobi matrix of the system of nonlinear equations. The second is that the sensitivity to the guess value can be decreased evidently owing to adopt the technique of the norm reduction. The effectiveness of the DPDS method is inspected and verified by a numerical example.
Study on Face Gear's Bending Stress Based on Test and Finite Element Analysis Method
Authors: Huang Zhong Hang , Tang Bo
Published: August 2011

For limited condition, the strain gauge was not fixed on the place of the maximum bending stress during the test of the face gear's bending stress in the research of face gear transmission stress analysis. The maximum bending stress was worked out through the finite element analysis method. The results of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) had the equivalent stress in corresponding position with the face gear tested. Then, by comparing the finite element results with the test results and the theoretical maximum stress, FEA was found approaching to the reality, and it provided a method for the analysis of face gear’ maximum bending stress.
Research on Vibration Influence Chart of Planetary Gear Systems
Authors: Chang Le Hao , Liu Geng , Wu Li Yan , Bu Zhong Hong
Published: August 2011

The common definition of vibration influence chart is proposed in this study. A 46 degree-of-freedom time-varying dynamic model with coupled translation-rotation effect is developed to simulate the vibration of an encased differential planetary gear system using lumped mass method. With the dynamic load and the acceleration on gears and bearings as references, the dynamic responses in different load cases are investigated to search the change law of concerned parameters. The parameters considered include mesh stiffness, structure stiffness, gear mass and moment of inertia. The good and poor regions for vibration are evidently presented in figures, which is convenient to conduct the parameters design of planetary gear systems.
Static Simulation Analysis of Torsion Characteristics of Highly Flexible Coupling
Authors: Xiao Ke , Wang Jia Xu , Li Jin Ming , Zheng Ya Ming
Published: August 2011

Elastomer is the key component of highly flexible coupling. Its structure, materials and manufacturing process determine the performance of highly flexible coupling. In this paper, Mooney-Rivlin coefficient of the material was obtained through experiment. And then static torsion characteristics of the highly flexible coupling were analyzed with ABAQUS. Results show that the highly flexible coupling with steel ring within it has better torsion performance. By using the unique design, the material and the manufacturing technology, the torsion angle of the coupling can be well controlled.
Research on the Dynamic Response of a Combining Gear Drive System
Authors: Zheng Yu Qi , Xue Xiang Zhen , Wang San Min
Published: August 2011

Gear dynamics model and 16-degree of freedom nonlinear vibration equations of the combining gear drive system are established considering backlash, transmission error and time-varying mesh stiffness, the equations are solved thanks to the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, and the gear dynamic responses are analyzed, the vibration performances of this system affected by the dimensionless vibration frequency are investigated. The results show when the dimensionless frequency is 0.687, the system appears harmonic response; when the dimensionless frequency is 0.868, the system appears quasi-periodic response; when the dimensionless frequency is 0.889, the system appears chaos.
Reduction of Power Losses in Transmissions and Gearings
Authors: Joachim Franz J. , Kurz Norbert , Börner Joerg
Published: August 2011

In modern motor vehicles, having a driveline that is optimally designed for each vehicle provides a substantial CO2 reduction. Different transmission systems such as, for example, manual trans­missions, torque-converter transmissions, dual clutch transmissions and hybrid systems, work better with different requirements and vehicle classes. By increasing the number of gears and the transmission-ratio spread, the engine can run with more fuel efficiency without a loss of driving dynamics. The transmission efficiency itself can be improved by using fuel efficient transmission oil, optimizing the lubrication systems and pumps, improving shifting strategies and optimizing the friction characteristics of gearings, bearings and seals/gaskets [1].
Analysis of Gas Dynamics in a Rotating Disk Cavity
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Yong Hong , Chen Guo Ding , Wan Ran
Published: August 2011

A fundamental study has been performed to analysis the fluid dynamic characteristics of the gas medium in a rotating disk cavity through the commercial software CFX11.0. This paper aims to discuss the impact of the speed of rotating disk, axial and radial size and parietal lubricant film velocity and other factors on the gas flow state in cavity. Several conclusions have been obtained: the speed of rotating disk has a great impact on velocity distribution of gas flow field; the dimensionless tangential velocity of the gas medium decreases along the radial direction, and with the speed increasing, it shows a certain regularity; Dimensionless radial velocity decreases along the radial direction, and the speed of rotating disk nearly has no influence on this; The shear stress distribution along the radial direction and the distribution of tangential velocity have similar regularity; the impact of disk cavity height on the distribution of the tangential velocity along radial direction in the gas flow field is much more obvious than the impact of disk cavity width.
Experimental Verifications and Simulations of Magnetic Motor of Circular Miniature Loudspeaker for Total Harmonic Distortion Improvement
Authors: Pawar Suryappa Jayappa , Weng Soar , Huang Jin Huang
Published: August 2011

The reduction in total harmonic distortion of miniature loudspeaker is reported by investigating the force factor (Bl(x)). Micro tensile testing is employed to get Bl(x) vs x curves, which verify finite element simulation. Furthermore, magnetic system of miniature loudspeaker is modified to obtain tailor made Bl(x) vs x curves. Based on it, prototypes are fabricated, which is followed by total harmonic distortion and sound pressure level measurements in an anechoic chamber. Measurements reveal a significant reduction in total harmonic distortion without affecting the sound pressure level.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Mg4Nb2O9 by the Modified Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Zhu Yuan Na , Liu Xiao Jie , Jiang Yi Shan , Ye Zheng Mao , Yu Li Bo , Ding Yong Ling
Published: August 2011

Nanosized and highly reactive magnesium niobate Mg4Nb2O9 were successfully synthesized by a sol-gel method as potential candidates for use in microwave applications as a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC). The Nb-Mg-citric acid solution was evaporated resulting in a dry gel that was calcined in the temperature ranging from 550°C to 850°C for crystallization in air atmosphere. The crystallization process from the gel to the crystalline Mg4Nb2O9 was followed by thermal analysis and during calcinations phase evolution of the powders was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Particle size and morphology were examined by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). At 850°C the corundum-like phase of magnesium niobate was obtained in air atmosphere with an average particle diameter of 80 nm approximately calculated from the HR-SEM images.
Synthesis and Properties of CdSe/CdXZn1-XS Quantum Dots
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhang Yu Lan , Zhang Rui Li , Liu Ning , Yuan Zhi Min , Zhang Ai Yu , Cao Yong Qiang , Zhu Yuan Na , Yang Ping
Published: August 2011

Highly luminescent CdSe/CdxZn1-xS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using CdSe cores with the size range of 2 to 5 nm in diameter through a facile organic route. The CdSe cores were prepared by using trioctylphosphine oxide and hexadecylamine as capping agents for the purpose of getting spherical morphology. The cores were coated with an alloy shell to decrease the lattice mismatch between the core and the shell through a facile organic approach. The QDs exhibited tunable photoluminescence (PL) up to 654 nm, narrow PL spectra (less than 40 nm for full width at half maximum) and high PL efficiency. Such properties make the core-shell QDs as a good candidate for further applications.
Synthesis of CdS Quantum Dots for Detection of Copper (II) Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wan Fu Wei , Ge Shen Guang , Yu Jing Hua
Published: August 2011

We report the synthesis and characterization of a low-cost high-quality CdS quantum dots (QDs).The synthesis was performed in aqueous system. The aqueous CdS colloidal solution was prepared using thioglycollic acid as a capping agent. Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern, UK) was employed to characterize the partical size of CdS QDs. The UV-vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of samples were systematically characterized (the full width at half maximum was 38 nm). The maximum photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) was as high as 68.5 %. The fluorescence intensity was enhanced by copper (II). The relative fluorescence intensity was linear to copper (II) concentration over the range 4.0 ×10-6 - 2.8×10-5 g mL-1. The regression equation was ΔIF= 59.07+ 90.57c (c / μg mL-1). The highly monodispersed CdS QDs could be used in many fields.
β-Ni(OH)2 Flower-Like Spheres and Nanoflakes Synthesized Using the Hydrothermal Method and its Formation Mechanism
Authors: Fu Xiao Ming , Liu Zhao Wen , Zhou Liang Yi , Xie Chen Chen
Published: August 2011

β-Ni(OH)2 flower-like spheres and nanoflakes were synthesized with strong ammonia water as precipitator and nickel nitrate as nickel source by the hydrothermal method. The phase structure and morphologies were analyzed using XRD and SEM. The results showed that under the same conditions of the pH value and the reaction time, the low temperature was propitious to synthesize β-Ni(OH)2 flower-like spheres. High temperature was in favor of the synthesis of β-Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes. Namely, β-Ni(OH)2 flower-like spheres were obtained at 180 °C for 48.0 h with pH=9.0. β-Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes were prepared at 240 °C for 48.0 h with pH=9.0. The formation mechanism was explored through observing influence of the conditions of the hydrothermal method on the morphologies of the samples.
Preparation and Characterization of Cerium-Doped Tin Oxide Gas Sensors
Authors: Xu Hong Yan , Chen Xing Qiao , Fang Ling Zhan , Cao Bing Qiang
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the precursors were synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method using SnCl4•5H2O and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O as raw material, CO(NH2)2 as precipitants, respectively. Pure SnO2 nanoparticles and cerium-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were obtained. Furthermore, five kinds of SnO2 thick film gas sensors were fabricated from the above SnO2 nanoparticles (the sensors denoted as sensor SC0, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC6, respectively). The experiment results showed that, compared with pure SnO2 thick film gas sensor, the intrinsic resistance of cerium-doped SnO2 thick film gas sensors decreased, and their sensor responses to acetone vapor increased, which are discussed in relation to the SEM micrographs of thick film sensors.
Electrochemistry Characterization of Ionic Liquid-Type Phosphomolybdic Salt with Modified Electrode
Authors: Li Zhi Ying , Xu Xiao Meng , Zhou Chang Li , Sun Dan Zi
Published: August 2011

An ionic liquid-type phosphomolybdic salt comprising 1-cetyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (CMImCl) and 1:12 phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) was prepared by solid state grinding. The new phosphomolybdic salt of CMIm-PMo12 was immobilized on glassy carbon electrode by cast-coating. The cyclic voltammograms of the GC/CMIm-PMo12 showed three well-defined pairs of redox peaks due to the PMo12 system. The GC/CMIm-PMo12 electrode showed great electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of iodate. The analytical feature of the electrode for amperometric determination of iodate was evaluated.
Effects of Li2O on Properties of Low Fluoride Content Mould Flux for High Speed Continuous Casting
Authors: Lu Yan Qing , Zhang Guo Dong , Jiang Mao Fa
Published: August 2011

In order to reduce fluorine pollution, partial fluoride could be replaced by Li2O in mould flux. The effects of Li2O on properties of low fluoride content mould flux for high speed continuous casting were studied. The properties included melting temperature, viscosity, fluidity, surface tension and Al2O3 inclusion adsorption. The results showed that with the increase of Li2O content, melting temperature and viscosity of mould flux decreased obviously, fluidity increased, surface tension changed little, and Al2O3 inclusion adsorption of mould flux increased. In order to play an effective role, the appropriate Li2O content should be less than 4 per cent. The crystallization state of mould flux changed after slag adsorbed Al2O3. There were some small cuspidine and wollastonite crystals in the sample.
Experimental Research on Durabilities of Coal Gangue Concrete
Authors: Guo Jin Min , Zhu Ling Li
Published: August 2011

Basing on basic properties of coal gangue from No.1 mine of Pingdingshan Tian’an coal group, authors made coal gangue concrete with coal gangue instead of some aggregate, fly ash and slag instead of some cement. Coal gangue concrete was studied by the method of orthogonal experiment. Compression strength, its loss of strength after corrosion by sulphate, modulus of elasticity and its loss after freeze-thaw were analyzed. Optimum mix of coal gangue concrete was given by the integrated balance method. And Finally, SEM analysis on coal gangue concrete was researched. According to the experiment, Sulfate attacking on coal gangue concrete was little.