bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability of clonidine testing for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children and adolescents
Authors: Ibba Anastasia , Guzzetti Chiara , Casula Letizia , Salerno Mariacarolina , Di Iorgi Natascia , Allegri Anna Maria Elsa , Cappa Marco , Maghnie Mohamad , Loche Sandro
Published: September 2018

Objective

The diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is currently based on clinical, auxological, biochemical and neuro‐radiological investigation. Provocative tests of GH secretion using physiological/pharmacological stimuli are required to confirm GHD. The clonidine test (CT) is widely used to assess GH secretory status. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the reliability of CT and the effect of puberty in a large number of children with short stature who had been evaluated for suspected GHD.

Design and patients

Data were collected retrospectively from 327 children and adolescents with short stature (204 boys and 123 girls, median age 10.5 years (IQR 7.90‐12.40) followed in four Italian Paediatric Endocrine Units (Cagliari, Genova, Napoli and Roma) between 2005 and 2013.

Measurements

All children underwent CT as the first GH stimulation test after exclusion of other known cause of their short stature.

Results

In 73 prepubertal children and 25 pubertal children, the GH peak after CT was <7 μg/L. GHD was confirmed in 87 (37 organic, 50 idiopathic). Six prepubertal and five pubertal patients showed false positive responses. The median BMI‐SDS in these children was similar to that of children with GH peak ≥7 μg/L, and none were obese. Overall, the prevalence of false‐positive responses was 3.3%. The median (IQR) peak GH after CT was similar between prepubertal and pubertal GHD (3.80 μg/L [1.7‐6.00] vs 3.51 μg/L [0.76‐5.74]) and non‐GHD (13.70 μg/L [10.70‐18.40] vs 12.40 μg/L [9.90‐19.25]) children.

Conclusions

Our results show that CT is a reliable and safe GH‐releasing agent in both prepubertal and pubertal children.
Endoscopy robotics: Current and future applications
Authors: Boškoski Ivo , Costamagna Guido
Published: September 2018

Many different types of endoscopy robot have been developed or are under development. Some of these innovative biotechnologies are dedicated to complex endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic submucosal dissection whereas others are purely diagnostic. In endoscopy robotics, there are still several problems that need a solution. These problems basically concern robotic locomotion and instrument control, as well as clinical application. In most cases, the technology is still under development. The current fields of investigation are augmented reality, advances in actuation and reduction of hysteresis, optical analysis, wireless movement transmission and many others. Besides endoscopic submucosal dissection, other promising fields of implementation of endoscopy robots are natural orifices transluminal endoscopic surgery and bariatric endoscopy. Obviously, endoscopy robots are expensive, but both doctors and health system providers are becoming more aware of the possibilities that these platforms can offer. Improvement of the performance of endoscopy robots undoubtedly will lead to their widespread use and, therefore, a balance in cost‐effectiveness.
The malleability of executive function in early childhood: Effects of schooling and targeted training
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Wang Cuiping , Zhao Qianwen , Yang Ling , Buschkuehl Martin , Jaeggi Susanne M.
Published: September 2018

Executive function (EF), its importance for scholastic achievement and the question of whether or not EF is malleable, have become a topic of intense interest. Education or schooling is often seen as effective approaches to enhance EF due to the specific school‐related requirements as compared to kindergarten or pre‐school. However, no study to date has investigated whether targeted training focusing on those domains might be comparable with regular schooling in improving EF and fluid intelligence (Gf). The aim of the present study was to replicate and extend the previously demonstrated schooling effects on EF by using a school‐cutoff design, and to further investigate whether a theoretically motivated intervention targeting specific EF, i.e., working memory (WM) or inhibitory control (IC), could achieve comparable effects with schooling in both, WM and IC, as well as Gf. 91 6‐year‐old kindergarteners and first‐graders with similar chronological age participated the study. We compared the performance of a first‐grade schooling group with that of two kindergarten training groups as well as a business‐as‐usual kindergarten control group. Participants were assessed in WM, IC and Gf at baseline, immediately after the intervention (posttest), as well as 3 months after training completion (follow‐up). The results showed that the schooling group indeed outperformed the kindergarten groups at baseline in several cognitive tasks. Furthermore, both the WM and IC training showed pronounced gains in the trained tasks, as well as varying degrees of improvement in non‐trained outcome measures. Most importantly, both training groups achieved comparable performance with the schooling group, which was especially apparent in Gf at follow‐up. Our findings provide further evidence for the malleability of EF demonstrating that both, long‐term and short‐term interventions can facilitate the acquisition of those important skills, and as such, our work has important implications for educational practice.
Diagnostic value of emergency medical services provider judgement in the identification of head injuries among trauma patients
Authors: van Rein E. A. J. , Jochems D. , Lokerman R. D. , van der Sluijs R. , Houwert R. M. , Lichtveld R. A. , van Es M. A. , Leenen L. P. H. , van Heijl M.
Published: September 2018

Background and purpose

Previous studies have reported that many patients with a severe head injury are not transported to a higher‐level trauma centre where the necessary round‐the‐clock neurosurgical care is available. The aim of this study was to analyse the diagnostic value of emergency medical services (EMS) provider judgement in the identification of a head injury.

Methods

In this multicentre cohort study, all trauma patients aged 16 years and over who were transported with highest priority to a trauma centre were evaluated. The diagnostic value of EMS provider judgement was determined using an Abbreviated Injury Scale score of ≥1 in the head region as reference standard.

Results

A total of 980 (35.4%) of the 2766 patients who were included had a head injury. EMS provider judgement (Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥1) had a sensitivity of 67.9% and a specificity of 87.7%. In the cohort, 208 (7.5%) patients had a severe head injury. Of these, 68% were transported to a level I trauma centre.

Conclusions

Identification of a head injury on‐scene is challenging. EMS providers could not identify 32% of the patients with a head injury and 21% of the patients with a severe head injury. Additional education, training and a supplementary protocol with predictors of a severe head injury could help EMS providers in the identification of these patients.
Predicting responsiveness to fampridine in gait‐impaired patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Filli L. , Werner J. , Beyer G. , Reuter K. , Petersen J. A. , Weller M. , Zörner B. , Linnebank M.
Published: September 2018

Background and purpose

Fampridine leads to significant improvements in walking in many people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, a relevant proportion of PwMS does not respond to fampridine and predictors of initial drug responsiveness are unknown.

Methods

Drug response to prolonged‐release (PR)‐fampridine was assessed in 55 PwMS using the timed 25‐foot walk (T25FW), 6‐min walk test (6MWT) and 12‐item multiple sclerosis walking scale as outcome parameters. Patients were treated with PR‐fampridine and placebo for 6 weeks each in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial with crossover design (NCT01576354). Possible predictors of drug responsiveness were investigated by multiple correlation analysis and binary logistic regression models. An additional longitudinal analysis followed the drug responses of 32 patients treated with PR‐fampridine over 3 years to identify potential predictors of long‐term drug responsiveness.

Results

Severity of walking disability was positively correlated with enhanced responses to PR‐fampridine. The strongest single predictor of drug responsiveness was poor 6MWT performance at baseline, which was positively correlated with enhanced drug response in the 6MWT (R = −0.541; P < 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression model including 6MWT and T25FW baseline performances predicted PR‐fampridine responder status with an accuracy of 85.5% (specificity, 90.0%; sensitivity, 73.3%), with a threshold of 211 m in the 6MWT best separating responders from non‐responders. Enhanced drug responsiveness after 3 years correlated with decline in walking endurance during this period (R = −0.634; P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Initial walking impairment is a good predictor of therapeutic responsiveness to PR‐fampridine. Valid predictors of patients’ responsiveness to PR‐fampridine are essential for patient stratification and optimization of multiple slcerosis treatment.
Study on the sintering behavior and characterization of the IGZO ceramics by slip casting
Authors: Liu Yang , Shu Yongchun , Zeng Xueyun , Sun Benshuang , Liang Peng , Zhang Yu , Qiu Chen , Yi Jianhong , He Jilin
Published: September 2018

High‐purity In2O3, Ga2O3 and ZnO (In:Ga:Zn = 1:1:1) mixtures were employed to fabricate the IGZO (In‐Ga‐Zn‐O) ceramics by slip casting. The rheological properties and zeta potential of IGZO slurry were analyzed in details. The optimum amount of dispersant used in the IGZO slurry is studied in details. This study investigated the relationship between the phase composition of sintered IGZO ceramics and sintering temperatures. The IGZO ceramics with high density and low resistivity are successfully synthesized in an air atmosphere, and their grain size is distributed uniformly.
Illegal immigration, unemployment, and multiple destinations
Authors: Miyagiwa Kaz , Sato Yasuhiro
Published: September 2018

We develop a multicountry model of illegal immigration with equilibrium unemployment. Two geographic cases are considered. One has two destinations adjacent to the source country while the other has just one destination country adjacent to it. In both cases, the equilibrium border control proves insufficient compared with the joint optimum, calling for enforcement by federal authorities. Absent such authorities, delegating border control to the country with a larger native labor force can improve each destination country’s welfare. In contrast, the equilibrium internal enforcement policy is efficient, obviating enforcement by supranational authorities.
Low prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic haemodialysis and kidney transplant patients
Authors: Muche Marion , Berg Thomas , Rimpler Sunda , Staedtler Adrienne , Böhm Stefan , Nickel Peter , Baid‐Agrawal Seema
Published: September 2018

Background

Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum and/or liver in HBsAg‐negative patients. We investigated the prevalence of OBI in large chronic haemodialysis (CHD) and kidney transplant recipients (KTxR) cohorts, including determination of HBV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Methods

HBV DNA was determined in both serum and PBMCs in 417 CHD patients, 417 KTxR, 20 HBsAg‐positive non‐CHD non‐KTx patients (positive controls) and 40 HBsAg‐negative healthy subjects (negative controls).

Results

Chronic haemodialysis group: two of 376 patients were HBsAg‐positive. The 374 HBsAg‐negative patients tested negative for HBV DNA in both serum and PBMCs. KTxR group: 14 of 417 patients were HBsAg‐positive. One of 403 HBsAg‐negative patients tested positive for HBV DNA in serum but not in PBMCs. Positive controls: six of 20 patients were under antiviral therapy and had negative HBV DNA in both serum and PBMCs. In 11 of 14 remaining patients, HBV DNA was detected in serum and in both serum and PBMCs in 3 patients. Negative controls: All 34 patients were anti‐HBc‐negative and HBV DNA‐negative in both serum and PBMCs. In the long term, the only case of anti‐HBc‐negative OBI lost anti‐HBs 5 years after inclusion in the study and showed HBV reactivation with HBsAg re‐seroconversion.

Conclusions

We found nil prevalence of OBI in CHD patients and a very low prevalence (<1%) in KTxR suggesting that routine screening for HBV DNA is not required in CHD population in our region. However, in KTxR, pretransplant screening with HBV DNA should be considered. Testing for HBV DNA in PBMCs does not seem to be of additional value.
Water relations determine short time leaf growth patterns in the mangrove Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.
Authors: Hilty Jonas , Pook Chris , Leuzinger Sebastian
Published: September 2018

High‐resolution leaf growth is rarely studied despite its importance as a metric for plant performance and resource use efficiency. This is in part due to methodological challenges. Here, we present a method for in situ leaf growth measurements in a natural environment. We measured instantaneous leaf growth on a mature Avicennia marina subsp. australasica tree over several weeks. We measured leaf expansion by taking time‐lapse images and analysing them using marker tracking software. A custom‐made instrument was designed to enable long‐term field studies. We detected a distinct diel growth pattern with leaf area shrinkage in the morning and leaf expansion in the afternoon and at night. On average, the observed daily shrinkage was 37% of the net growth. Most of the net growth occurred at night. Diel leaf area shrinkage and recovery continued after growth cessation. The amount of daily growth was negatively correlated with shrinkage, and instantaneous leaf growth and shrinkage were correlated with changes in leaf turgor. We conclude that, at least in this tree species, instantaneous leaf growth patterns are very strongly linked to, and most likely driven by, leaf water relations, suggesting decoupling of short‐term growth patterns from carbon assimilation.
Effects of cryoprotectants and cryoprotectant combinations on viability and maturation rates of Camelus dromedarius oocytes vitrified at germinal vesicle stage
Authors: Moawad Moustafa , Hussein Hassan A. , Abd El‐Ghani Mohamed , Darwish Gamal , Badr Magdy
Published: September 2018

Contents

Camel fertility faces many problems, which could be solved by assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). We designed the experiment to explore the effect of different cryoprotectant concentrations and combinations on viability and maturation rates of vitrified/warmed camel oocytes. We collected ovaries directly after slaughtering from local abattoir and transported them to laboratory in a thermo‐flask containing normal physiological saline. We aspirated the oocytes from follicles, which is 2–8 mm in diameter, washed three times in TCM‐199 and then examined under stereo‐microscope for selection. We selected morphologically normal oocytes with an evenly granulated cytoplasm and a compact cumulus cell layer. We equilibrated morphologically normal oocytes in equilibration solution (ES), which is half concentration of vitrification one. After equilibration, We transported oocytes to vitrification solution using ethylene glycol (EG, 40%), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO, 40%) and EG 40% + DMSO 40%. The obtained results revealed that addition of EG 40% + DMSO 40% resulted in the best quality of vitrified/warmed oocytes, which is demonstrated by higher per cent survival rate (90.16%) and maturation rate (58.95%). While DMSO 40% resulted in 62.79% and 29.54%, respectively, EG 40% reported 86.11% and 53.47%, respectively. We could conclude that vitrification of immature camel oocytes by using 40% EG + 40% DMSO is suitable methods to limit drawbacks of vitrification methods, and we need further studies to assess the ability of in vitro‐produced blastocyst to develop in vivo and establish pregnancy after embryo transfer.
Sex, gender and blindness: a new framework for equity
Authors: Doyal Lesley , Das-Bhaumik Raja G
Published: September 2018

Four-fifths of all blind or vision impaired people live in middle-income and low-income countries with the African region and parts of Asia and the Middle East bearing the heaviest burden. At the same time, we know that around two thirds of all blind people in the world are female. Hence, the poorest (and usually the oldest) women are most likely to have their lives limited by visual impairment. While recent strategies have focussed on international variations in eye health, very few have paid attention to the gender differences that are an inextricable element in these inequalities. This review will explore possible explanations for the advantage of men in the exercise of one of the most basic of human senses. It will show that this cannot be understood through the use of a biomedical approach alone. Broader social perspectives will also be needed in order to create an appropriate knowledge base for tackling global inequalities in blindness.
An den Frieden glauben!? Die Entstehung von Iwands Friedenstheologie aus seiner Seelsorge in der Not und der Anfechtung der ersten Nachkriegsjahre
Authors: Hertog Gerard den
Published: September 2018

In the first years after the end of World War II, Hans Joachim Iwand (1899-1960) was inten­sely engaged for repentance and a radical farewell to the wanderings of the Third Reich in church, society and the political realm. This article traces how he, in doing so, elaborated a genuine theology of peace while practicing pastoral care to refugees from East Prussia. Iwand experienced the antithesis between East and West, resulting in a gradual development of the »Cold War«, as a temptation originating from the continuation of the dualistic worldview of Nazi-ideology. His theological approach is characterized by advancing the question of who and where God is, thus rethinking and renewing Luther’s theology of the cross.
Liturgiewissenschaft zwischen Geschichte und Gegenwart Zum Profil heutiger Liturgiegeschichtsforschung
Authors: Kranemann Benedikt
Published: September 2018

Um den christlichen Gottesdienst in seiner Komplexität verstehen zu können, ist die Kenntnis seiner Geschichte unverzichtbar. Die Liturgiewissenschaft mit ihrer spezifischen Fachkompe­tenz zur Erforschung religiöser Rituale muss dafür Liturgie als performatives Geschehen und als religiöse Praxis in den Blick nehmen. Sie darf nicht allein bei Texten stehen bleiben. Sie ist auf Interdisziplinarität innerhalb der Theologie und der Kulturwissenschaften angewiesen. Das liturgiegeschichtliche Wissen hilft, das Verhältnis der unterschiedlichen konfessionellen Liturgien zu verstehen, und unterstützt die Ökumene
Das Reformationsjubiläum zwischen Erinnerungskultur und Eventgestaltung Der Versuch eines Rückblicks
Authors: Jung Volker
Published: September 2018

Das Reformationsjubiläum 2017 war durch eine vielfältige Erinnerungs- und Eventkultur geprägt. Die Konzeption stand nicht vorab fest, sie wurde in der Gestaltung des Reformations­jubiläums als Reformationsdekade entwickelt. Ergebnisse der kirchenhistorischen Forschung wurden einbezogen und zugleich nach der Relevanz für Gegenwart und Zukunft gefragt. Das Reformationsjubiläum war historisch-diskursiv, international und ökumenisch ausgerichtet und wurde zu einem Beteiligungsjubiläum, Bildungsereignis und Motivationsschub.
Interreligiöse Kompetenz als Herausforderung pastoralen Handelns
Authors: Fendler Folkert
Published: September 2018

Der Artikel benennt überblicksartig Gemeinsamkeiten und spezifische Unterschiede im Ver­ständnis interreligiöser Kompetenz. In einem abgestuften Kompetenzmodell, das von der Wahrnehmung interreligiöser Phänomene über deren Deutung und Beurteilung bis hin zur Handlungskompetenz reicht, werden die diskursive Kompetenz (Bildung), die spirituell-ku­rative Kompetenz (Seelsorge) und die rituell-gestalterische Kompetenz (Gottesdienst) als Spezifika der jeweiligen Handlungsfelder ausgemacht
»Like, we're all made of matter.« Intimität und Transformation in Spike Jonzes Her
Authors: Chernyshova Svetlana
Published: September 2018

Gegenwärtige Diskurse um Digitalität prägen vermehrt unsere anthropologische Situierung: Dabei wandeln sich unsere Vorstellungen davon, was wir als das »Humane« begreifen können, im Kontext technischer Entwicklungen. Gleichzeitig müssen in diesem Zusammenhang viele der oft als deutlich abgrenzbar wahrgenommenen Positionen wie »online« und »offline«, »digital« und »analog« neuverhandelt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag macht es sich deshalb zum Ziel, die in und durch die Digitalisierung aktivierten Grenzverschiebungen und Überlagerungen ausgehend von Spike Jonzes Film Her aus dem Jahre 2013 zu diskutieren. Der Ansatz des Beitrags ist vor allem durch den Versuch gekennzeichnet, den »digitalen« Raum als Begriff herauszuarbeiten, indem der Fokus auf Transformationsprozesse sowie, damit einhergehend, auf die Frage nach Materialität und Körperlichkeit gesetzt wird. Durch die medienwissenschaftliche Annäherung an Jonzes Her soll dabei untersucht werden, welche Rolle Intimität, und damit zusammenhängend auch intensive, verdichtete Beziehungen, die jenseits der Zuschreibung von »menschlich« und »nicht-menschlich« funktionieren, im Hinblick auf die Entstehung eines solchen Raums spielen.
Sprache der Transzendenzerfahrungen
Authors: Hofer Janina Maris
Published: September 2018

Der Begriff der »Transzendenzerfahrung« ist in der Religionsforschung stark umkämpft und bedarf einer Deutung ohne religiöse Wertung. Die sprachphilosophische Position der Psychoanalyse ermöglicht einen neuen interdisziplinären Zugang: Janina M. Hofer zieht eine auf die Psychoanalyse Lacans adaptierte Version der Grounded Theory nach Kelle und Kluge heran, um Schilderungen außergewöhnlicher Erfahrungen zu untersuchen. Indem sie den späten Lacan auf die Briefe der Parapsychologischen Beratungsstelle Freiburg i.B. heuristisch anwendet, legt sie ein Raster der Sprache des Mangels offen, welche Transzendenzerfahrungen umfasst, die sich über die bewusste sowie unbewusste Sprache definieren und fern religiöser Wertung liegen.
Vom Dilemma der (außen-)kulturpolitischen Keuschheit: Zwischen Autonomie und Interessen
Authors: Wagner Gottfried
Published: September 2018

Gottfried Wagner stellt in diesem Diskussionspapier die Frage, ob die vorzügliche deutsche Außenkulturpolitik es über ihrem Credo der Autonomie der kulturellen Akteur*innen, für das nicht zuletzt das Goethe-Institut steht, verabsäumt hat, die dahinterliegende Interessenlage des Staates (auch als demokratisch legitimierter Geldgeber), Europas und der Gesellschaft offen zu diskutieren und neu zu bestimmen. Diese Debatte kann angesichts globaler Krisen (Nachhaltigkeit, Sicherheit, Gerechtigkeit, Chancen, Migration, Menschenrechte etc.) und angesichts nicht nur der Interessen des »globalen Nordens«, sondern vor allem der Interessen aller Menschen auf dieser Erde bitter nötig werden. Im Kontext der EU kann es zur Rolle Deutschlands gehören, punktgenaue (und komplementäre) »Europäisierung« der Außenkulturpolitik zu fördern, »auf Augenhöhe« mit den Drittstaatenpartnern. Ein Paradigmenwechsel dieser Art strebte gemeinsame Analyse, Ko-Kreation und Ko-produktion mit verantwortungsbewußten Kreativen und der kulturellen Zivilgesellschaft in Europa und in den Drittstaaten an, auf der Suche nach dem »gemeinsamen Gut«, globalen gemeinsamen Interessen und der Rolle von Kunst und Kultur dabei. Praktisch hieße das: Pilotprojekte, um eine neue »kosmopolitische« Kulturpolitik auszuprobieren, experimentell und innovativ zunächst am Beispiel brisanter Themen, Regionen und neuer Managements.
Diskurs und Dekor
Authors: Menne Mareike
Published: September 2018

China sorgte in Mitteleuropa und insbesondere im »Alten Reich« zwischen 1600 und 1800 für Veränderungen in Konsum, Dekor und Denkbildern. Auch wenn die deutschen Kaiser und die Territorien kaum direkte Kontakte in das Reich der Mitte unterhielten, durchdrang China medial und materiell vermittelt öffentliche, kirchliche, ökonomische und private Räume, Diskurse und Praktiken. Mareike Menne erfasst die Phänomenologie der frühneuzeitlichen Chinarezeption im Heiligen Römischen Reich und fragt, wie, für wen und warum chinesische Impulse Bedeutung erlangten. Dies dient ihr als Grundlage für eine strukturelle Analyse und Modellbildung zur Adaption und Integration des kulturell Fremden als spezifisch europäische Ressource.
Interventionsalltag
Authors: Bake Julika
Published: September 2018

»Frieden schaffen« ist das gemeinsame große Ziel vieler internationaler Akteure in Kriegs- und Krisengebieten. In der Praxis sind sie jedoch mit unterschiedlichsten Aufgaben betraut. Basierend auf qualitativen Interviews mit zurückgekehrten Praktiker_innen entwickelt Julika Bake ein vielschichtiges, dichtes Bild des Interventionsalltags. Sie zeigt auf, wie sich Angehörige verschiedener Berufsfelder in ihren Erzählungen über die Arbeit vor Ort positionieren, und geht der Frage nach, inwieweit die Unterscheidung von Intervenierenden in die Kategorien »zivil« und »militärisch« zu einem besseren Verständnis von internationalen Interventionen beiträgt.
Das Bildnis des General Aung San
Authors: Girke Felix
Published: September 2018

Im Februar 2015 jährte sich der Geburtstag des General Aung San zum hundertsten Mal. Kurz vor Vollendung der Unabhängigkeit Burmas 1947 durch Rivalen ermordet, wird er als der Gründer der modernen Armee des Landes verstanden. Seine Tochter Aung San Suu Kyi betrat die politische Bühne des schon bald von einer Militärregierung kontrollierten Lands in den 1980ern und wurde zur Symbolfigur des Widerstands gegen eben diese Armee. Aung Sans Erbe ist entsprechend problematisch, doch die Kraft seiner oft strategisch zur Schau gestellten Porträts bleibt auch im gegenwärtigen Myanmar ungebrochen: Das Bildnis des Märtyrers Aung San ist zu einer säkularen Ikone geworden, die eine Forderung nach absoluter Hingabe transportiert. Das Gedenken an Aung San bleibt damit ein dynamisches Element der fortdauernden Krise des Landes und symbolisiert Nostalgie wie Hoffnung - dabei ist es jedoch in auffälligem Maße an Objekte wie das Porträt sowie an andere Dinge und Orte gebunden, die Affekt und Evokation fördern, aber keine analytische Reflektion erfordern.
Leben und Form der Gesellschaft. Zur Lebenssoziologie von Georg Simmel
Authors: Kron Thomas , Berger Pascal
Published: September 2018

Thomas Kron und Pascal Berger argumentieren in ihrem Beitrag für die These, dass Georg Simmels 1908 erschienene »Soziologie. Untersuchungen über die Formen der Vergesellschaftung« eine Lebenssoziologie ist. Konzeptionell führen sie die Soziologie Simmels auf seine Lebensphilosophie zurück: Die Formen der Vergesellschaftung sind als Formen des Lebens zu begreifen. Sie entstammen apriorischen Anschauungsformen des Lebens, gewinnen dann aber Eigenständigkeit. Am Beispiel der Konkurrenz zeigen die Autoren, wie sich aus einem antagonistischen Trieb eine eigenlogische Form sozialer Wechselwirkung entfaltet. Zugleich wird durch die Ausdifferenzierung von Wettbewerbsstrukturen die Individualität des Lebens freigesetzt, die sich nun ihren Kräften gemäß in der Form ausleben kann. Zum Ende des Aufsatzes knüpfen die Autoren die lebenssoziologische Gedankenführung an Simmels werkgeschichtlich übergreifende und in der Lebensanschauung einmündende Beschäftigung mit dem Dualismus von individuellem Leben und über-individueller Form.
Lebendige Zeichen. Anmerkungen zur pragmatistischen Hermeneutik
Authors: Shalin Dmitri N.
Published: September 2018

Dmitri Shalin entwirft in seinem Beitrag eine pragmatistische Alternative zur klassischen Hermeneutik. Während sich Letztere auf diskursive Produkte konzentriert und Bedeutung als Ergebnis der Differenz zwischen sprachlichen Zeichen begreift, rekonstruiert die pragmatistische Hermeneutik Bedeutung als zirkuläre Verschränkung von Symbolen, Ikonen und Indizes und betrachtet sinnhafte Ereignisse als verkörperte semiotische Prozesse. Um den Nexus von Wort, Körper und Handlung zu analysieren, wird zwischen (1) einem symbolisch diskursiven, (2) einem somatisch-affektiven und (3) einem verhaltens- und darstellungsbezogenen Bedeutungsmedium unterschieden. Es wird argumentiert, dass Spannungen zwischen diesen drei Medien unvermeidlich sind, dass die Inkongruenz zwischen pragmatischer und diskursiver Dimension eine ontologische Gegebenheit ist und dass die Überbrückung der Kluft zwischen unserem diskursiven, affektiven und verhaltensbezogenen Ausdruck im Mittelpunkt des ethischen Lebens steht.
Das soziale Werden und die Fabulationen der Gesellschaft. Umrisse einer bergsonianischen Soziologie
Authors: Delitz Heike
Published: September 2018

Heike Delitz rekonstruiert diejenige soziologische Denkweise, die dem Werk Henri Bergsons folgt - seiner Neubestimmung aller philosophischen Fragen entlang der temporalen Qualität, des kontinuierlichen und unvorhersehbaren Anders-Werdens (durée). Bereits bei Bergson selbst und im Anschluss an ihn bei differenten französischen Autoren werden - wie der Beitrag skizziert - vier Aspekte der soziologischen Theorie neu konfiguriert: Es gibt eine genuin bergsonianische, nicht-cartesianische Sozialtheorie; es gibt eine bergsonianische, vom Problem des sozialen Werdens und nicht der sozialen Ordnung ausgehende Gesellschaftstheorie; es gibt eine spezifische vergleichende, nicht-evolutionistische Methodologie, und der Bergsonismus entfaltet schließlich eine eigene Form der Kritik, insbesondere in Gestalt Georges Canguilhems - eine Kritik der modernen Gesellschaft und ihres (soziologischen) Wissens im Namen des Lebens, der Freiheit, des Neuen.
Ausstellung und Public Interest Design. Ausstellungsrhetorik am Beispiel des (fehlenden) Eisernen Kreuzes der ›Wehrmachtsausstellungen‹
Authors: Dürr Frank
Published: September 2018

Im Rahmen der Auseinandersetzung mit dem vielschichtigen Begriff des Public Interest Designs (PID) wird in diesem Beitrag die Ausstellung als ein PID-Phänomen verhandelt. Dabei soll die Frage geklärt werden, wie Ausstellungen produziert werden, um Öffentlichkeiten zur Auseinandersetzung mit einer vorgestellten Thematik zu bewegen, um bestehende Meinungen und Einstellungen zu verändern. Um dieses spannende Konstrukt für den Bereich des PID fruchtbar zu bestimmen, wird das Phänomen Ausstellung aus der Perspektive der modernen Rhetoriktheorie untersucht. Die Rhetorik als wissenschaftliche Disziplin liefert unter anderem konkrete Kriterien des Meinungs- und Einstellungswechsels durch diverse Kommunikationsformen und analysiert damit explizit die Überzeugungsinstrumente und Orientierungstechniken, die auf die Persuasion von Einzelpersonen oder Gruppen ausgerichtet sind.
Exploring the impact of self-management of learning and personal learning initiative on mobile language learning: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Huang Rui-Ting , Yu Chung-Long
Published: September 2018

Although there is a plethora of mobile learning studies, relatively little attention has been paid to the roles of self-management of learning and personal learning initiative on mobile English learning outcomes. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study is not only to examine the links between perceived flexibility advantage, self-management of learning, mobile English learning continuance intention and performance, but also to explore the moderating role of personal learning initiative in mobile language learning outcomes. A total of 323 undergraduate students with mobile English learning experience took part in this study. The partial least-squares structural equation modelling analysis and SPSS PROCESS (model 7) were utilised to assess the data. The study findings have not only indicated the perceived flexibility advantage and self-management of learning will have a positive influence on mobile English learning continuance intention and performance, but also revealed that mobile English learning continuance intention will mediate the link between perceived flexibility advantage and mobile English learning performance. Moreover, it has been found that personal learning initiative will play a moderating role in reinforcing the positive relationship between perceived flexibility advantage and mobile English learning continuance intention.
Application of theory of planned behavior in shrimp consumer behavior analysis
Authors: Ghifarini Anindila Fitria , Sumarwan Ujang , Najib Mukhamad
Published: September 2018

Although the export orientation of shrimp commodities in developing fisheries sector is very influential and has a great contribution in the country's economic development, but there are still many obstacles encountered in shrimp exports. Besides, domestic market can be an alternative choice for shrimp market. Understanding consumer behavior towards shrimp is very important for producers and government in order to know how consumers’ intention in shrimp consumption. Therefore, in this study conducted a consumer behavior analysis of shrimp to determine intention in shrimp consumption in Indonesia by using The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This research aimed to analyze the characteristics of shrimp consumers, to analyze the contribution of attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms, and behavioral control and formulate market education strategy which can increase the consumption of shrimp. Descriptively, the results of the distribution of questionnaires showed that majority of shrimp consumers were less than 30 years old, with private employment type and housewives. The result of model Theory of Planned Behavior toward shrimp consumer behavior shows that there is a significant affects directly to intention which is from Subjective Norm. The influence of the environment are greatly affects consumers in taking decisions before making a purchase of shrimp products. The government in its program or policy has initiated an approach to the domestic consumers of seafood products in order to create high attention of people to consume fishery products.
Tradition as innovation: Dialect revalorization and maximal orthographic distinction in rural Norwegian writing
Authors: Strand Thea R.
Published: September 2018

In rural Valdres, Norway, the traditional regional dialect, called Valdresmål, has become an important resource for popular style and local development projects. Stigmatized through much of the twentieth century for its association with poor, rural, “backward” farmers and culture, Valdresmål has been thoroughly revalorized, with particularly high status among local youth and those involved in business and tourism. While today’s parents and grandparents attest to historical pressures to adopt normative urban linguistic forms, many in Valdres now proclaim dialect pride and have re-embraced spoken Valdresmål in various forms of public, interdialectal communication. In addition, Valdres natives also make abundant and creative use of dialect on social media, the primary locus for written Valdresmål and for emergent orthographic norms representing local speech, including strategies of maximal sociolinguistic distinction. This innovative use of written Valdresmål has been taken up by local businesses as a marketing strategy in recent years, as well, further normalizing and legitimating nonstandard forms. In the ongoing revalorization of traditional Valdresmål, it is also, inevitably, transformed—linguistically, socially, and ideologically—as it enters and circulates within new and innovative cultural domains: while widespread written Valdresmål challenges the normal sociolinguistic order, in such a process the dialect is also refunctionalized and, perhaps, increasingly standardized.
Radioiodination and biological evaluation of landiolol as a tracer for myocardial perfusion imaging: preclinical evaluation and diagnostic nuclear imaging
Authors: Sanad M. H. , Farag A. B. , Motaleb M. A.
Published: September 2018

The present work has assessed the ability and competency of radioiodinated landiolol that is considered a potential cardio selective imaging agent. Landiolol was radiosynthesized with [131I] using chloramine-T (Ch-T) as an oxidizing agent. To give high radiochemical yield of the [131I]landiolol reaching values of 98% with high stability up to 48 h. The labeled compound was separated and purified using thin layer chromatography (TLC), paper electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Biodistribution studies indicated that [131I]landiolol gave high heart uptake ratio of [45.0±0.19% ID/g at 2 min post injection (p.i.)]. Therefore, [131I]landiolol could be considered as a novel tracer to image heart with high heart/blood ratio within 60 min.
Prüfung der Auswertealgorithmen für Profile schrägverzahnter evolventischer Zylinderräder mit simulierten Punkten
Authors: Lübke Karsten , Röhr Heinz , Balzer Felix , Franz Christian
Published: September 2018

In der Industrie wird jedes Jahr eine große Anzahl von Zahnrädern hergestellt. Geschätzt entfallen allein in Deutschland auf die Automobilindustrie über 120 Millionen. Die Qualitätsprüfung der Verzahnungen erfolgt auf Koordinaten- oder auf speziellen Verzahnungsmessgeräten. Dabei wird das Profil und auch die Flankenlinie an mehreren Zähnen erfasst und ausgewertet. Während die Genauigkeit der Koordinatenmessgeräte mit allgemein anerkannten Methoden untersucht werden kann, fehlt für die zur Auswertung der Verzahnungsmessung verwendete Software ein Test, der auf Tastkugelmittelpunkten basiert. Um ohne eine Referenz-Software, die in dieser Form nicht existiert, die Algorithmen der Verzahnungssoftware zu prüfen, sind Punkte erforderlich, deren Abweichungsparameter vorher bekannt sind. Die Erzeugung von abweichungsbehafteten simulierten Tastkugelmittelpunkten mit vorgegebenen Abweichungsparametern und die Ergebnisse der Auswertung werden in dieser Arbeit beschrieben.
The food chain of YouTubers: engaging audiences with formats and genres
Authors: Himma-Kadakas Marju , Rajavee Allan , Orgmets Maarja-Liis , Eensaar Linda , Kõuts-Klemm Ragne
Published: September 2018

Traditional news media are not engaging young audiences and there has been a decline in the number of consumers of traditional media. The main news sources for teenagers in Europe and North-America are social media and friends.

Our research project outlines YouTubers’ content production strategies in order to apply them in conventional news content production to attract young audiences. In this study we profiled the top YouTubers in the world, in Europe and in Estonia based on their profiles, networks, topics, genres and formats. We developed a model of analysis based on the uses and gratifications approach by Katz et al. (1974), and McQuail (2000). This framework was used in the standardised content analysis of YouTube videos.

The results present the “food chain” of different levels of YouTubers; the “food chain” refers to the copying of innovative ideas from less experienced peers, while promoting their content. The food chain also shows how most popular YouTubers generate new production practices and discursive genres. There are noticeable variations in the diversity of genres and formats between different levels of YouTubers. Diversity of content is important for sustaining and increasing audiences. YouTubers utilise specific combinations of genres and formats for certain topics across levels of the food chain. This makes it possible to develop a typology of techniques that YouTubers use to engage audiences.
Resiliencia de la comunidad fitoplanctónica en la laguna andina de Papallacta y sus afluentes, ocho años después de un derrame petrolero
Authors: Molina-Santos Marcos , Terneus-Jácome Esteban , Yanez-Moretta Patricio , Cueva-Sánchez Mario
Published: September 2018

En abril de 2003 se produjo un derrame de crudo en la zona de Papallacta (región andina norte de Ecuador), luego del desastre se realizaron labores de biorremediación tanto en la laguna como en sus afluentes. El presente trabajo abordó la comunidad fitoplanctónica como bioindicadora de la calidad actual del cuerpo de agua, considerando 28 sitios en ríos afluentes y en la laguna, tanto en época seca, como en la de transición y lluviosa, desde diciembre 2010 hasta julio 2011. Se identificaron y contabilizaron los géneros de fitoplancton encontrados en cada sitio, abordando paralelalmente la historia natural de cada grupo de algas. Los géneros pertenecieron a tres grupos: diatomeas, cianobacterias y algas verdes; el primero es el grupo con mayor distribución y con los valores de riqueza y abundancia más altos. Las correlaciones entre géneros y variables abióticas presentaron diferencias relacionadas con la estacionalidad. Sin embargo, se observó la constante presencia de géneros indicadores de alta carga orgánica como Synedra y Oscillatoria. Se aporta también información acerca de los géneros que ahora predominan tanto en la laguna como en sus afluentes, y las características que influyen en su distribución y que permiten determinar el estado de salud ecológica de la Laguna de Papallacta, que ahora se la puede catalogar como mesotrófica. La presencia actual de crudo del derrame se concentra en puntos específicos en el fondo de la laguna, permitiendo que la productividad primaria en la zona fótica se desarrolle con normalidad.
Karakteristik Kerupuk Ikan dengan Substitusi Tepung Tulang Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) sebagai Fortifikan Kalsium
Authors: Yuliani Yuliani , Marwati Marwati , Wardana Hendri , Emmawati Aswita , Candra Krishna Purnawan
Published: September 2018

Kerupuk ikan gabus telah dikenal luas namun biasanya terbuat dari bagian dagingnya saja. Limbah berupa tulang ikan belum dimanfaatkan secara  optimal, oleh karena itu dijadikan sebagai bahan substitusi
pada pembuatan produk kerupuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh substitusi tepung tulang ikan gabus (TTIG) sebagai fortifikan kalsium terhadap sifat sensoris dan fisika-kimia kerupuk ikan gabus. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan substitusi tepung tulang ikan gabus dalam tepung tapioka dengan kadar (0; 4; 8; 12; dan 16% b/b) dan di ulang sebanyak empat kali. Parameter yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini adalah sifat sensoris dan sifat fisika-kimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa substitusi TTIG berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap sifat sensoris rasa, aroma, warna dan tekstur serta sifat fisika-kimia kerupuk ikan gabus. Peningkatan kadar TTIG menurunkan kadar air dan volume pengembangan kerupuk ikan gabus, tetapi meningkatkan kadar protein dan kadar kalsium (p<0,05). Substitusi TTIG sampai dengan 4% menghasilkan kerupuk ikan gabus dengan volume pengembangan yang sama dengan kontrol (tanpa substitusi TTIG) dengan kadar kalsium 200 mg/100 g dan kadar protein 14,27%. Rasa dan warna kerupuk ikan gabus disukai hingga substitusi TTIG 12%, sedangkan aroma dan tekstur disukai hingga substitusi TTIG 8%.
Pemanfaatan Kitosan dalam Daur Ulang Air sebagai Aplikasi Teknik Produksi Bersih
Authors: Ratnawulan Anggun , Noor Erliza , Suptijah Pipih
Published: September 2018

Industri pengolahan udang merupakan salah satu industri yang aktivitasnya menggunakan air dalam jumlah besar. Kuantitas dan efisiensi penggunaan air di industri tersebut sampai dengan saat ini belum
mendapat perhatian serius oleh pihak manajemen bila dibandingkan dengan perhatian terhadap mutu dan kualitas air yang digunakan. Produksi bersih menawarkan suatu strategi yang bersifat solutif untuk
meminimalisir dan mengefisiensikan penggunaan sumberdaya air dan turut serta membantu pengelolaan lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan tingkat konsentrasi biokoagulan kitosan dalam
daur ulang air limbah pencucian udang, kelayakan ekonomi dan manfaatnya bagi lingkungan. Penelitian ini secara teknis dilakukan dengan metode jar test, yaitu melalui proses koagulasi – flokulasi dan absorbsi dengan konsentrasi kitosan 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, dan 20 ppm. Paramater yang diamati meliputi BOD, COD, TSS, warna, kekeruhan, TDS, dan total coliform. Kelayakan ekonomi dilakukan melalui analisis
B/C Ratio dan Payback periode, serta analisis lingkungan dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi larutan kitosan sebesar 15 ppm dengan dua kali proses koagulasi flokulasi dan
melalui absorbsi kitosan serpihan 15 gram, efektif mengubah air limbah menjadi air bersih. Kitosan secara signifikan dapat menurunkan BOD 76%, COD 86%, TSS 61%, warna 85%, kekeruhan 89%, TDS 10%, dan total
coliform. Penggunaan kitosan sebagai bahan daur ulang air layak secara
ekonomi dilihat dari nilai B/C Ratio lebih dari 1, memiliki nilai Payback periode 4 bulan, dan secara lingkungan dapat menghemat penggunaan sumberdaya air.
A qualitative study of Pacific women’s knowledge and awareness of gynaecological cancers in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Nosa Vili , Taufa Nalei , Paynter Janine , Tan Ai Ling
Published: September 2018

Introduction
The aim of this paper is to understand knowledge and awareness of gynaecological cancer among Pacific women. The key objectives are to examine the level of awareness Pacific women have about gynaecological cancers, to identify the barriers accessing gynaecological services and to obtain feedback as to what would be the best way of educating and informing Pacific women.
Methodology
Data was collected through semi structured interviews which took place in Auckland. Twenty Pasifika women were interviewed during 2015-2017. A general inductive approach was used to analyse the data. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Auckland Human Subjects Committee Ethics Reference Number 016670.
Findings
The definitions of gynaecology varied with many Pacific women never hearing of the term gynaecological cancers. The women identified that their primary sources of information for health and gynaecological health were; personal experiences, relatives that were previously diagnosed, health professionals, pamphlets and posters, school sex education, referrals through the health system, website searches, friends and family.
There were a number of barriers to accessing gynaecological services. These included a lack of awareness of services, personal fear, shame, busy schedules, physical examinations, and attitudes, preference for a female doctor, poor health literacy, language difficulties, costs, public health system versus private health system.,
Participants identified a number of key areas strategies for gynaecological cancers. Their needs to be more information about the types of services that are available, accessing services, community outreach programmes and services, flexible opening hours and culturally appropriate information.
Conclusion
Given the multi-faceted and complex nature of this project, the recommendations provided are multi-levelled and will require inter-sectoral partnerships for community and education awareness is needed to enhance Pacific women’s access to gynaecological services in New Zealand.