bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OR12-06 Hypothalamic Adgrl1 Is A Potential Glucoreceptor Involved In Regulating Energy Balance, Glucose Homeostasis, And Leptin Sensitivity In Mice
Authors: Samuel Dennis J , Faniyan Tumininu S , Raza Muhammad U , Bathina Siresha , Chhabra Kavaljit H
Published: October 2023

Disclosure: D.J. Samuel: None. T.S. Faniyan: None. M.U. Raza: None. S. Bathina: None. K.H. Chhabra: None.

The hypothalamus regulates energy and glucose homeostasis by influencing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and activating the hypoglycemia counterregulatory response. Although hypothalamic glucose transporters coupled with glucose metabolism are involved in mediating some of these effects, it is unknown whether a plasma membrane receptor that directly binds to glucose can contribute to hypothalamic glucose signaling. We used affinity chromatography and biotin-labeled glucose to enrich glucose-binding plasma membrane proteins/receptors in the mouse hypothalamus and then performed proteomic analyses. Adhesion G-protein Coupled Receptor L1 (Adgrl1) was a top candidate as a potential glucoreceptor. Therefore, we generated Adgrl1loxp/loxp mice to knockout Adgrl1 in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH; a region known for glucose sensing) using the Cre-Lox system to determine the role of Adgrl1VMH in glucose homeostasis, energy balance, and leptin sensitivity. We measured body weight, food intake, 6h fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. We also determined leptin sensitivity in the Adgrl1VMH deficient mice. We observed that 24 weeks old male Adgrl1VMH deficient mice had higher (p<0.05) body weight (49 ±3.6 vs 35 ±1.3 g), blood glucose (210 ±4 vs 180 ±5 mg/dl), plasma insulin levels (2.92 ±0.24 vs 1.63 ±0.09 ng/ml), and leptin levels (21.11 ±1.72 vs 8.38 ±0.80 ng/ml) compared to their control littermates. Hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia persisted in the Adgrl1VMH knockout mice even when they were weight-matched to their littermate controls, indicating the direct role of Adgrl1VMH in regulating plasma insulin and leptin levels. Ovariectomy in female mice was necessary to unmask the effects of Adgrl1VMH deficiency on energy and glucose homeostasis. To assess acute leptin sensitivity, we injected Adgrl1VMH deficient mice and their littermate control mice with recombinant mouse leptin (5 mg/Kg, i.p., twice a day for two days), and monitored their body weight and food intake. Male Adgrl1VMH deficient mice were more susceptible (p<0.05) to leptin mediated decrease in food intake (-1 ±0.1 vs -0.5 ±0.005, g/day; these values are relative to each group’s corresponding baseline food intake) than their littermate controls. Decrease in body weight was similar in both groups with this acute leptin treatment. These findings suggest that Adgrl1VMH is essential in regulating energy and glucose homeostasis in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, Adgrl1VMH contributes to leptin’s acute effects on food intake. Therefore, hypothalamic Adgrl1 could be a target to enhance leptin sensitivity in future therapies for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023
SAT033 Disruption Of GHR In “Middle Aged” Mice Enhances Insulin Sensitivity And Extends Male Lifespan
Authors: Duran-Ortiz Silvana , Owen List Edward , Young Jonathan A , Casey Mathes Samuel , Basu Reetobrata , BH Slama Yosri , Berryman Darlene E , Joseph Kopchick John
Published: October 2023

Disclosure: S. Duran-Ortiz: None. E.O. List: None. J.A. Young: None. S.C. Mathes: None. R. Basu: None. Y.B. Slama: None. D.E. Berryman: None.

Reduced growth hormone (GH) action has been shown to extend healthspan and lifespan in several organisms. In fact, mice and humans with a congenital disruption in the GH receptor (R) gene (GHRKO mice and patients with Laron Syndrome, respectively) have improved insulin sensitivity and are resistant to diabetes, cancer and age-associated cognitive decline. Importantly, the GHRKO mice hold the record for the longest-lived laboratory mice, with a lifespan one week shy of five years of age. GHRKO mice also show reduced markers of aging such as adipose tissue senescence and mTORC1 signaling in liver, kidney, heart and muscle. However, as GH action is required for normal growth and development, we and others have hypothesized that targeted inhibition of GH action at an adult age could be a potent method to extend healthy lifespan. To test this hypothesis and to elucidate how far in development would disruption of GHR extend healthy lifespan, our laboratory recently reported on two mouse lines with post-natal ablation of the GHR at a pubertal age (1.5 months - 1.5mGHRKO mice) and at mature-adult age (6 months - 6mGHRKO mice). We found that ablation of the GHR gene at both 1.5- and 6-months of age extends maximal and mean lifespan preferentially in females. Furthermore, 6mGHRKO mice showed improved oxidative stress resistance while males had improved insulin sensitivity and reduced cancer incidence. With these promising results, we believe that interventions to extend aging should be effective when administered later in life. In the current study, we disrupted the GHR in middle aged mice (12 months - 12mGHRKO mice) using the Cre-Lox system. We found that 12mGHRKO mice exhibit GH insensitivity (high serum GH and low IGF-1 levels), increased adipose tissue mass, reduced lean mass, minimal impact on body weight and length, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced glucose levels in males as well as decreased adipose tissue fibrosis in females compared to males. Moreover, despite the increased fat mass, motor coordination and strength as measured by rotarod and grip strength tests show no deficit in 12mGHRKO mice compared to the controls. Importantly, the male 12mGHRKO mice showed a preferential and significant lifespan extension compared to control mice. Collectively, our results indicate that not only does post-natal GHR disruption does not affect growth and development, but it also confers several crucial healthspan and lifespan advantages. Acknowledgements: This work is supported by the State of Ohio's Eminent Scholar Program, by NIH grant AG059779, by the American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) and by the Diabetes Institute and by the AMVETS.

Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023
SAT037 Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Knockout Mice Do Not Compensate For The Lack Of Incretin Action By Increasing Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Secretion
Authors: Douglas Galsgaard Katrine , Kissow Hannelouise , Smits Mark M , Juul Jens J
Published: October 2023

Disclosure: K.D. Galsgaard: None. H. Kissow: None. M.M. Smits: None. J.J. Juul: None.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), secreted from the intestinal L-cells and K-cells, respectively, both enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This enhancement is referred to as the incretin effect. In the pancreatic islets of GIP receptor knockout mice, GLP-1 sensitivity may be increased. Conversely, deletion of the GLP-1 receptor has been shown to be compensated for by increased GIP secretion and action. This suggests a compensatory adaptation to loss of incretin signaling, via increased action/secretion of the remaining incretin hormone. To investigate this further, we subjected GLP-1 receptor knockout (Glp-1r-/-) mice and their wild-type littermates (Glp-1r+/+ mice) to an oral glucose tolerance test (2 g/kg body weight of glucose via oral gavage; OGTT) with subsequent measurement of plasma GIP concentrations. In separate experiments we measured pancreatic insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and total GLP-1 concentrations in Glp-1r-/- and Glp-1r+/+ mice, and total GLP-1 and GIP concentrations in the duodenum and distal ileum were also measured. During the OGTT, we found a similar GIP secretion (total area under the curve (tAUC0-30min)) in Glp-1r-/- and Glp-1r+/+ mice (15,432±2,148 vs. 13,683±1,316 pg/mL×min, P=0.5, n≥7). Blood glucose concentrations (tAUC0-30min) were increased in Glp-1r-/- mice during the OGTT (523.9±27.4 vs. 429.1±21.2 mmol/L×min, P=0.02, n≥6). Extractable pancreatic hormone concentrations were similar in Glp-1r+/+ and Glp-1r-/- mice; insulin (284.3±11.4 vs. 303.6±32.4 pmol/g tissue, P=0.6, n≥8); glucagon (203.6±24.3 vs. 270.8±36.9 pmol/g tissue, P=0.2, n≥8); somatostatin (299.9±94.97 vs. 321.4±78.79 pmol/g tissue, P=0.9, n≥9); and total GLP-1 (30.9±8.5 vs. 20.2±4.0 pmol/g tissue, P=0.2, n≤8). In the duodenum, extractable GIP (175.0±29.6 vs. 177.3±10.8 pmol/g tissue, P>0.9, n≥8) and GLP-1 (57.5±35.6 vs. 28.9±3.2 pmol/g tissue, P=0.4, n≥9). In the distal ileum, extractable GIP (2.2±0.5 vs. 2.1±0.4 pmol/g tissue, P=0.8, n≥9) and GLP-1 (266.6±57.1 vs. 236.0±43.1, P=0.7, n≥9) concentrations were also similar in Glp-1r+/+ and Glp-1r-/- mice. In conclusion, our results do not support the notion that Glp-1r-/- mice compensate for the lack of GLP-1 receptor signaling by increasing glucose stimulated GIP secretion or by increasing the intestinal GIP content.

Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023
SAT039 Chronic Glucocorticoid Exposure Induced A S1PR2-Rorc Axis To Enhance Hepatic Gluconeogenesis
Authors: Arwyn Lee Rebecca , Chang Maggie , Tsay Ariel , Rim Lee Yeong , Li Danielle , Yiv Nicholas , Tian Sharon , Wang Jen-Chywan
Published: October 2023

Disclosure: R.A. Lee: None. M. Chang: None. A. Tsay: None. Y. Lee: None. D. Li: None. N. Yiv: None. S. Tian: None. J. Wang: None.

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones whose circulating levels are elevated in response to stress to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Glucocorticoids are also used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. However, chronic glucocorticoid treatment causes various metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Glucocorticoids convey their functions through an intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR) which is a transcriptional regulator. While GR stimulates hepatic gluconeogenic gene transcription, additional mechanisms activated specifically by chronic glucocorticoid exposure can further enhance hyperglycemia. We found that chronic glucocorticoid exposure elevated hepatic production of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and hepatic knockdown of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) attenuated chronic glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic gluconeogenesis while having no effect on insulin signaling. Hepatic S1PR2 knockdown reduced GR occupancy on glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) of gluconeogenic genes, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) and the catalytic subunit of glucose 6 phosphatase (G6pc), thus reducing their expressions. Interestingly, RAR-related orphan receptor C (Rorc) expression was reduced in the liver of glucocorticoid treated hepatic S1PR2 knockdown mice. We found that Rorc was also recruited to the promoter of Pck1 upon glucocorticoid treatment and reducing Rorc activity decreased the GR occupancy at the GRE of Pck1. In contrast, overexpressing Rorc in the liver of hepatic S1PR2 knockdown mice restored glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance, GR recruitment to GREs of gluconeogenic genes, and gluconeogenic gene expression. Overall, we propose that chronic glucocorticoid exposure induces a novel S1PR2-Rorc axis to promote the transcription of gluconeogenic genes to enhance hyperglycemia.

Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023
SAT040 Administration Of A DHCR24 Inhibitor Reduces The Excessive Adrenal Steroidogenesis In db/db Mice Through Effects The Alteration Of Intracellular Cholesterol Metabolism
Authors: Kamigaki Risa , Kameda Hiraku , Shibayama Yui , Nomoto Hiroshi , Cho KyuYong , Nakamura Akinobu , Jin Shigeki , Matoba Kotaro , Miyoshi Hideaki , Atsumi Tatsuya
Published: October 2023

Disclosure: R. Kamigaki: None. H. Kameda: None. Y. Shibayama: None. H. Nomoto: None. K. Cho: None. A. Nakamura: None. S. Jin: None. K. Matoba: None. H. Miyoshi: None. T. Atsumi: None.

Background and purpose: The circulating cortisol concentrations of patients with type 2 diabetes are high, suggesting that cortisol may be involved in diabetic complications. It has also been reported that the db/db mouse, a model of obesity and type 2 diabetes, has high circulating concentrations of steroid hormones. However, the mechanisms involved are unclear. In our previous study, we found that the expression of DHCR24, an enzyme that converts desmosterol (DES) to cholesterol (Chol) as part of de novo cholesterol synthesis, is upregulated in the adrenal glands of db/db mice. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of a DHCR24 inhibitor on adrenal steroidogenesis in db/db mice. Methods: Eight-week-old male db/db and db/+ mice were allocated to two groups, which were administered a weekly intraperitoneal injection of a DHCR24 inhibitor (U18666A; 10 mg/kg; (U) or PBS (P). Blood samples and their adrenal glands were collected 4 weeks later. We then compared the blood glucose, body mass, adrenal DES content, adrenal Chol content, and serum corticosterone (B) between the two groups. Sterols were extracted from adrenal tissue using the Folch method, and their concentrations were measured following picolinyl derivatization using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Results: There were no significant differences in the blood glucose concentrations or body masses of the P and U groups of both db/+ and db/db mice. The adrenal DES/adrenal mass ratio was higher in the db/db U group than in the db/db P group (db/db P vs. db/db U vs. db/+ P vs. db/+ U: 16.0±4.3 vs. 98.4±73.2 vs. 42.9±8.6 vs. 124.9±64.6 ng/mg, respectively; p<0.05). The adrenal Chol/adrenal mass and serum B concentration were lower in the db/db U and db/+ P groups than in the db/db P group (db/db P vs. db/db U vs. db/+ P vs. db/+ U: 2.1±0.2 vs. 1.3±0.2 vs. 1.1±0.6 vs. 1.3±0.2 μg/mg; and 232.8±20.1 vs. 189.6±13.1 vs. 126.3±20.6 vs. 111.2±25.8 ng/mL; respectively; all p<0.05). Conclusion: DHCR24 inhibition reduces cholesterol production and steroid hormone synthesis in the adrenal glands of db/db mice. This implies that the abnormal adrenal cholesterol metabolism in db/db mice plays a role in the greater adrenal steroidogenesis in type 2 diabetes, and that adrenal cholesterol metabolism may represent a novel therapeutic target for the affected patients.

Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023
SAT041 18F-FDG PET/CT Mapping Of Functional Microbial Niches To Understand Host Glucose Regulation After BCG Vaccinations
Authors: Dias Hans , Fu Jessie F , Luck Trevor G , Wolfe Grace E , Hostetter Emma , Ng Nathan C , Zheng Hui , Kühtreiber Willem , Price Julie C , Catana Ciprian , Faustman Denise L
Published: October 2023

Disclosure: H. Dias: None. J.F. Fu: None. T.G. Luck: None. G.E. Wolfe: None. E. Hostetter: None. N.C. Ng: None. H. Zheng: None. W. Kühtreiber: None. J.C. Price: None. C. Catana: None. D.L. Faustman: None.

Diverse microbiomes in humans are known to change host energy metabolism. When the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which consists of live but avirulent Mycobacterium bovis, is introduced as experimental therapy into human hosts with underlying type 1 diabetes (T1D), the BCG bacillus has been shown to gradually shift energy metabolism in host blood lymphoid cells from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. Aerobic glycolysis draws more glucose out of the blood to fuel intracellular metabolism, and it may underlie the BCG bacillus’ therapeutic benefit: the systemic and long-term reduction of excess glucose from the blood of TID patients. The organ-specific niches where the BCG bacillus similarly alters metabolism and establishes persistent residence are not known. In a human clinical trial, we mapped the organ(s) niches for BCG-induced shift to aerobic glycolysis using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and x-ray computed tomography (CT). This technique allowed us to reveal quantitatively, by Standardized Uptake Value Ratios, the organs with heightened glucose uptake in T1D participants (n=6) over a 2-year time-period after BCG vaccination versus before vaccination, as well as confirm earlier work that BCG vaccination gradually lowers blood sugar levels without any contribution from endogenous insulin. We also tested BALB/c mice (n=17) for the direct presence of BCG colonies in particular organ niches before and after vaccination. Results from both human and murine studies of the BCG microorganism concurred that the major anatomic site of functional metabolic change and residence is the spleen. The BCG bacillus also transiently mapped to the bone marrow, liver, circulating lymphocytes as in the descending aorta, and the lungs. Findings from human and murine studies support the spleen as the niche for the BCG vaccine’s functional improvement of metabolism. The spleen is significant because it is a lymphoid organ massive enough to explain BCG’s systemic benefit of lowering blood sugar to near normal levels in T1D.

Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023
SAT044 Cornus officinalis Decreases Incidence Of Type 1 Diabetes Onset And Hyperglycemia In The Non-obese Diabetic Mouse
Authors: Fletcher Justin D , Olsson Grace E , Burkhardt Brant R
Published: October 2023

Disclosure: J.D. Fletcher: None. G.E. Olsson: None. B.R. Burkhardt: None.

Currently, there is only one FDA recently approved interventional agent (teplizumab) that can delay the onset of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) by slowing the clinical progression of pancreatic β-cell autoimmunity and inhibiting the eventual loss of insulin production. Cornus officinalis (CO) is a highly popular ethnopharmacological treatment for diabetes and has been actively studied by our research group. Our earlier findings revealed in vitro that CO application to the pancreatic 1.1B4 β-cell line can promote pancreatic β-cell viability, metabolic activity, prevention of cytokine mediated cell death and expression of important cytoprotective pathways through promotion of autophagy and the KEAP1-Nrf2 mediated antioxidant response (PMID: 36100124 and 31255730). To further determine the clinical efficacy and biological effect of CO in-vivo, we investigated if oral delivery of CO was capable of inhibiting or delaying the onset of T1D in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse (n = 7 to 10). Ten-week-old NOD male mice were given CO or water by oral gavage for 14 weeks once daily 5 days per week. Our experimental groups consisted of CO treated (CT), water treated (WT), and a no treatment or handling control group (NTH). CO was prepared by water extraction from a commercial source (Evergreen) at a concentration of 250 mg/ml and delivered by oral gavage in 200 µl. Glucose levels were measured every 3 days via glucometer (Contour Next) from tail vein collections. Diabetic onset was determined by two independent readings above 250 mg/dl. T1D incidence per group was as follows: CO (30%), WT (60%) and NTH (86%). Diabetic onset was significantly different between groups (Log rank test, p < 0.05). In addition, appearance of hyperglycemia (single glucose reading >130 mg/dl) was delayed in the CO treated NOD mice as compared to WT and NTH groups (p < 0.001). Further analysis is ongoing examining the concentration of c-peptide and determination of pancreatic insulitis by H&E staining. No harmful effects were observed in the CT group and body weights did not differ across experimental groups. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CO may have therapeutic potential as both a safe and effective interventional agent to delay the onset of T1D.

Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023
A Knock-In Mouse Model of the Gcm2 Variant p.Y392S Develops Normal Parathyroid Glands
Authors: Parekh Vaishali I , Brinster Lauren R , Guan Bin , Simonds William F , Weinstein Lee S , Agarwal Sunita K
Published: October 2023

Context

The glial cells missing 2 (GCM2) gene functions as a transcription factor that is essential for parathyroid gland development, and variants in this gene have been associated with 2 parathyroid diseases: isolated hypoparathyroidism in patients with homozygous germline inactivating variants and primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with heterozygous germline activating variants. A recurrent germline activating missense variant of GCM2, p.Y394S, has been reported in patients with familial primary hyperparathyroidism.

Objective

To determine whether the GCM2 p.Y394S missense variant causes overactive and enlarged parathyroid glands in a mouse model.

Methods

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was used to generate a mouse model with the germline heterozygous Gcm2 variant p.Y392S that corresponds to the human GCM2 p.Y394S variant. Wild-type (Gcm2+/+) and germline heterozygous (Gcm2+/Y392S) mice were evaluated for serum biochemistry and parathyroid gland morphology.

Results

Gcm2 +/Y392S mice did not show any change compared to Gcm2+/+ mice in serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, parathyroid gland histology, cell proliferation, or parathyroid gland size.

Conclusion

The mouse model of the p.Y392S variant of Gcm2 shows that this variant is tolerated in mice, as it does not increase parathyroid gland cell proliferation and circulating calcium or PTH levels. Further investigation of Gcm2+/Y392S mice to study the effect of this variant of Gcm2 on early events in parathyroid gland development will be of interest.
Metalloporphycene is an Attractive Cofactor for Hemoproteins
Authors: Hayashi Takashi
Published: October 2023

Porphycene, a constitutional isomer of porphyrin, is an attractive ligand, and its metal complexes have been investigated as alternative metal cofactors for hemoproteins such as myoglobin. Iron, cobalt and manganese complexes of porphycene are smoothly inserted into apomyoglobin after removal of native heme b, resulting in stable reconstituted proteins. Myoglobin reconstituted with iron porphycene exhibits extremely high O2 affinity compared to native myoglobin (nMb). In addition, the reconstituted protein also shows catalytic activity toward one-electron oxidation of phenol derivatives and sulfoxidation of thioanisole, although the natural function of nMb is O2 storage. Furthermore, myoglobin reconstituted with manganese porphycene can promote H2O2-dependent hydroxylation of inert alkane species as seen with cytochrome P450s. Myoglobin reconstituted with iron porphycene can act as a catalyst for abiological reactions such as cyclopropanation with ethyl diazoacetate. These results clearly indicate that replacement of heme with metalloporphycenes can dramatically alter the function of hemoproteins.
Remote sensing of the vertical distribution of gaseous pollutants and aerosols in the troposphere by differential optical absorption spectroscopy and comparison with satellite observations
Authors: Καραγκιοζίδης Δημήτριος
Published: October 2023

Το βασικό αντικείμενο της διατριβής είναι ο υπολογισμός και η μελέτη συγκεντρώσεων και κατακόρυφων κατανομών (προφίλ) αερίων ιχνών και αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων στην τροπόσφαιρα στην πόλη της Θεσσαλονίκης, αναλύοντας φάσματα σκεδαζόμενης ηλιακής ακτινοβολίας με φασματοσκοπία διαφορικής οπτικής απορρόφησης πολλαπλών διευθύνσεων (MAX-DOAS). Η παρούσα διατριβή αποτελείται από τέσσερα κύρια μέρη. Στο πρώτο μέρος γίνεται μια εκτενής περιγραφή των συστημάτων MAX-DOAS που πραγματοποιούν φασματικές μετρήσεις στο Εργαστήριο Φυσικής της Ατμόσφαιρας (ΕΦΑ). Στα πλαίσια της διατριβής το υπάρχον σύστημα (Phaethon) αναβαθμίστηκε και βαθμονομήθηκε, προκειμένου να βελτιωθεί η ποιότητα των μετρήσεων και να δοθεί η δυνατότητα υπολογισμού κατακόρυφων προφίλ, ενώ ταυτόχρονα υλοποιήθηκε η κατασκευή ενός νέου, πρότυπου, συστήματος εξαιρετικά βελτιωμένης ακρίβειας μετρήσεων και ευαισθησίας, το οποίο τέθηκε σε λειτουργία. Στο δεύτερο μέρος παρουσιάζεται η μεθοδολογία για τον υπολογισμό των κατακόρυφων κατανομών και συγκεντρώσεων αιωρούμενων σωματιδίων και αερίων ιχνών (NO2 και HCHO) στην τροπόσφαιρα, συγκρίνονται τα αποτελέσματα δυο αλγορίθμων αντιστροφής, οι οποίοι βασίζονται σε διαφορετικές τεχνικές, εξετάζεται η ποιότητα των μετρούμενων προϊόντων, ενώ οι παρατηρήσεις από τα συστήματα MAX-DOAS πιστοποιούνται από άλλα πρότυπα όργανα που λειτουργούν στο ΕΦΑ. Το τρίτο μέρος της διατριβής επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη της χωρικής και χρονικής μεταβολής των κατακόρυφων στηλών και συγκεντρώσεων επιφανείας NO2 που μετρήθηκαν από το σύστημα Phaethon κατά τα έτη 2020 – 2022. Εξετάζεται η εποχική τους διακύμανση, οι ωριαίες και εβδομαδιαίες μεταβολές, καθώς και τα επίπεδα NO2 που μετρήθηκαν σε διαφορετικές αζιμούθιες διευθύνσεις. Τα αποτελέσματα συγκρίνονται και πιστοποιούνται από επιτόπιες μετρήσεις (in situ) NO2, χρησιμοποιώντας δεδομένα ενός σταθμού του δικτύου που διαχειρίζεται ο Δήμος Θεσσαλονίκης, ο οποίος βρίσκεται σε κοντινή απόσταση από το Α.Π.Θ. Τέλος, στο τέταρτο μέρος οι παρατηρήσεις τροποσφαιρικών κατακόρυφων στηλών NO2 και HCHO από το δορυφορικό όργανο TROPOMI πάνω από την πόλη της Θεσσαλονίκης αναλύονται και πιστοποιούνται από τα επίγεια όργανα MAX-DOAS του ΕΦΑ.
Η δυσθυμία και η ἀθυμία στην αρχαία λογοτεχνική, φιλοσοφική και ιατρική παράδοση από τον 5ο αιώνα π.Χ. έως τον 2ο αιώνα μ.Χ.
Authors: Ντέλιος Γεώργιος
Published: October 2023

Το αντικείμενο έρευνας της παρούσας διατριβής εστιάζεται στη μελέτη της σημασίας και της σχέσης των όρων δυσθυμία και ἀθυμία, όπως αυτοί κάνουν την εμφάνισή τους σε λογοτεχνικά, φιλοσοφικά και ιατρικά έργα, τα οποία εκτείνονται χρονικά από την κλασική περίοδο μέχρι τους πρώτους αυτοκρατορικούς χρόνους. Οι όροι αυτοί, πέραν της αυτόνομης εμφάνισής τους σε κείμενα διαφορετικών γραμματειακών ειδών, συχνά συνδυάζονται ο ένας με τον άλλον και περιγράφουν μία δυσάρεστη ψυχολογική κατάσταση, η οποία μπορεί να διαρκεί για λίγο και να παρέρχεται μετά από σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα ή να αποκτά χρόνια, παθολογική μορφή.
Trapping and killing performance of a PermaNet 2.0 hybrid mosquito trapping bednet: an experimental hut evaluation
Authors: Chouaibou Seidou Mouhamadou , Kouadio France-Paraudie A. , Sadia Christabelle G. , Behi Fodjo K.
Published: October 2023

Background: Despite the huge global effort, there has been an increase in malaria morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa since 2015, from 212 million cases and 429,000 deaths in 2015 to 241 million cases and 627,000 deaths in 2020 mainly because of resistance to insecticide. Therefore, advancing innovative approaches is the only sustainable way to fight malaria.

Methods: Taking advantage of the behavior of mosquitoes around the net, which is almost 70-90% concentrated on the roof, we have developed a two-compartment mosquito bednet, the so-called T-Net for mass mosquito trapping and killing. In the current study, we investigated in an experimental hut trial, the efficacy of trapping-long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (T-LLINs) against Anopheles gambiae s.l. in an insecticide resistance context. Five different arms have been considered in this study including three positive control arms e.g. PermaNet 2.0 LLIN, Tsara boost LLIN and Interceptor generation 2 (IG2) LLIN), one negative control arm using insecticide-free bednet, and one candidate arm using a hybrid-treated trapping bednet made with PermaNet 2.0 LLIN mounted with an insecticide-free compartment (T-LLIN).

Results: The highest average daily mortality was recorded with the T-LLIN. In total, 678 mosquitoes were killed by T-LLIN among the 760 collected, i.e. 89.2%. Out of these, 317 were found in the trap compartment, representing 46.75% of mortality directly attributable to the mechanical effect of this net. This added value made it possible to quantify the increased in the killing effect that this net would have over the positive control arms: this would be 52% higher than the killing effect of PN2.0, 25.2% higher than that of Tsara boost and 23% higher than that of IG2.

Conclusion: The current study shows potential to maximize the efficiency of the WHO-recommended LLINs by an addition of an insecticide-free trap compartment on top of the net.
Personnel Management Audit in Housing and Communal Services Company
Authors: Zykova T. , Kupriyanova T.
Published: October 2023

The article explores approaches to the concept of HR audit and formulates the definition of HR audit from the point of view of the process approach. The paper presents a description of the audit process of personnel management, its elements and sequence, proposes a strategy and plan for auditing personnel management of the managing organization, defines control procedures for auditing personnel management of the managing organization, formulates requirements for the structure and content of the report based on the results of the personnel management audit.
Digitalization of Accounting and Control Processes in Small Business Organizations As a Factor of Increasing Their Information Transparency
Authors: Grishkina Svyetlana , Kalpakchi N.
Published: October 2023

The author proposes an algorithm for determining the level of “digital maturity” of accounting and control processes in small businesses and justifies the feasibility of achieving a high level to improve the quality of information support for managing a small enterprise and its business processes, as well as to ensure information transparency of small businesses in the Russian Federation
Bees visiting the broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and the impact of border planting on their abundance and the yield improvement in Ismailia, Egypt
Authors: M. Mohamed Kariman , M. Ghareb Noha , M. Kamel Soliman , Bradshaw Emma , Norfolk Olivia , Shebl Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Incorporating flowering plants into cropping systems has the potential to actively enhance pollination and crops yields. This study evaluated whether the introduction of border planting affects bee visitation and yield of a broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019 in Ismailia, Egypt.  Bee visitation and broad bean yields were compared between plots with and without border planting. Results showed that open flowers achieved higher yields than netted flowers. Apis mellifera L. was the dominant visitor, followed by four solitary bee species, Chalicodoma siculum (Rossi), Colletes lacunatus Dours, 1872, Andrena ovatula and Xylocopa pubescens (Kirby, 1802).  The addition of border planting was associated with a significant increase in the abundance of all five bee visitors and the associated yields. Findings showed that flowering border plants adjacent to broad bean can actively enhance pollination services and yields of this commercially valuable crop, whilst helping to conserve vulnerable bee populations.
Acne is a medical and social problem
Authors: Lasota Nina , Demidowicz Gabriela , Trąbka Natalia , Kowalczyk Klaudia , Chyćko Małgorzata , Cichoń Katarzyna , Younes Martyna , Wiśniewski Wojciech , Lambach Maciej , Czarnota Julia
Published: October 2023

Acne is one of the most common dermatoses. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units. The pathogenesis of the disease consists of: hyperproliferation of hair follicle opening cells and the formation of microcomedones closing its opening. Excessive activity of the sebaceous glands and increased sebum production. Inflammatory reaction induced by Cutibacterium acnes. Acne most often occurs between the ages of 11 and 30. Acne changes affect adults more and more often. Statistically, the incidence of acne vulgaris is comparable, but more severe course is more common in men. The most prone to acne are areas rich in sebaceous glands - face, including the T-zone, back, chest. The clinical picture is dominated by blackheads, pustules, papules, cysts, nodules, and inflammatory infiltrates. The etipathogenesis of acne is complex, and finding the cause is very difficult and time-consuming.
Regardless of age, people suffering from acne experience great discomfort, which has a very negative impact on their self-esteem and quality of life.
The growing importance of high-efficiency ultrasound in diagnosis and management of dermatological diseases
Authors: Trąbka Natalia , Kowalczyk Klaudia , Demidowicz Gabriela , Lasota Nina , Cichoń Katarzyna , Chyćko Małgorzata , Czarnota Julia , Wiśniewski Wojciech , Lambach Maciej , Younes Martyna
Published: October 2023

Introduction: High-frequency ultrasonography (HF-USG) uses frequency above 20 MHz, which allows to visualize skin layers and measure their thickness. As it is simple, non-invasive and reliable technique, it has become a relevant tool in the field of dermatology along with other methods like for example dermoscopy. It can be used not only for the evaluation, diagnosis and management of various skin diseases, but also for analysis of the healthy skin structure

Aim of the study: The aim of this review is to present information on the use of high-efficiency USG and its application in dermatology.

Materials and methods: The literature available in the PubMed and Google Scholar data bases was reviewed, using the following keywords: "dermatologic ultrasound", "skin ultrasound, "HFUS dermatology".

Conclusions: HFUS has given many opportunities in dermatology. Although ultrasound is not a new thing and it has been used in the field of dermatology for more than four decades, its significance has evolved with improvements in technology. We already have some pathognomonic sonographic features for skin lesions, but this amount will definitely increase due to the growing popularity of HFUS devices in clinical practice.
El derecho natural en la escolástica 1526-1617
Authors: Contreras A. Sebastián , Miranda M. Alejandro
Published: October 2023

Al interior de la tradición clásica del derecho natural, los teólogos escolásticos de los siglos XVI-XVII describen ese derecho como simplemente necesario, así como inmutable y universal. Lo describen, además, como un orden objetivo, independiente de la voluntad de Dios. Sin embargo, no todos los teólogos escolásticos entienden la inmutabilidad del derecho natural de la misma forma, ni llaman “derecho natural” exactamente a lo mismo: para unos este es el “derecho de la naturaleza”, mientras que para otros es el “derecho de la razón natural”. El artículo, así, aborda las principales diferencias que existen en las teorías de estos escolásticos sobre el derecho natural.
Los indios del rey. Conciencia hispánica y defensa del indígena americano durante el Barroco y la Ilustración/The King's Indigenous Peoples. Hispanic consciousness and defense of the American Indigenous during the Baroque and the Enlightenment
Authors: Chauca García Jorge
Published: October 2023

Durante los siglos XVII y XVIII el mundo hispánico asistió a un debate acerca de la defensa de la conquista de América y la administración de los territorios americanos de la Monarquía española. Desde el pensamiento y desde la política no faltaron quienes elevaros críticamente la voz en demanda de una narrativa que situara en su justo término la Historia compartida por los españoles de ambos hemisferios frente a las acusaciones de otras potencias rivales europeas. En esta polémica, la defensa del indígena americano resultó clave. Como súbditos del rey, fueron objeto de reflexiones por parte de españoles peninsulares y americanos, que destacaron su continuada protección legislativa.
La migración de españoles a Venezuela: la circularidad del capital humano canario (1940-2022)/The migration of Spaniards to Venezuela: the circulation of Canarian human capital (1940-2022)
Authors: Páez Bravo Tomas , Hidalgo Manuel
Published: October 2023

La emigración canaria es un fenómeno de larga data en Venezuela y ha sido profusamente analizada desde las más diversas perspectivas. Este artículo explora dicho fenómeno, en particular desde los años 40 del siglo XX, a través del enfoque de la circularidad del capital humano, poco utilizado en el examen del flujo migratorio canario. Esta perspectiva ilumina ámbitos tan diversos como el carácter transnacional de las relaciones y organizaciones, el papel de la localidad en la explicación del hecho migratorio, la ciudadanía y el emprendimiento y, en general, la movilidad de ideas, habilidades, conceptos y recursos. Para la realización del estudio se recurre a numerosas entrevistas y encuentros realizados en Tenerife y Madrid que dan cuenta del periplo migratorio de muchos emigrantes que, además, en las dos últimas décadas han regresado de manera masiva a Canarias dada la situación que conoce Venezuela.
El “milagro” español y la IED norteamericana: una nueva interpretación/The Spanish miracle and the American FDI: a new interpretation
Authors: Tascón Fernández Julio Luis , Caruana de las Cagigas Leonardo Roberto
Published: October 2023

In the paper, we reconstructed the path followed in Spain by foreign economic players through the period 1936-1959. The former one was of Muñoz, Roldán and Serrano in 1978. Today are several other studies, because the topic is crucial for any country. We analyze the new legal “arrangement” and the final leadership of U.S. U.S. data shows good evidence and therefore a very good proof of the great impact of FDI in the Spanish economy during this period. We challenge the conventional wisdom on the scarcity of foreign investment in Spain between 1936 to 1959. That was so because two main reasons, the necessity and on the other, the network of investments before 1936 that made it possible.
En la fundación del pensamiento contemporáneo. Saint-Simon y Maistre, paradigmas de la apropiación europea de El Evangelio en triumpho de Olavide/On the Foundations of Contemporary Thought. Saint-Simon and Maistre as Paradigms of the European Appropriation of Olavide’s El Evangelio en Triumpho
Authors: Díaz Martín José Manuel
Published: October 2023

El presente artículo pretende invitar al estudio del impacto que tuvo El Evangelio en Triumpho de Olavide sobre el pensamiento decimonónico. Con ese fin propone, en primer lugar, leerlo captando en sus rasgos esenciales el valor alegórico de sus personajes en sus relaciones. A continuación, señala qué aspectos de esa lectura habrían influido de manera más marcada en las obras de Maistre y Saint-Simon, con las que abarca las dos tendencias postrevolucionarias de entender la historia, catecóntica y quiliástica. Finalmente, presenta la unidad milenarista de la obra de Olavide, ajena a aquellas interpretaciones precisamente por su ortodoxia, apuntando, como lectura alternativa a la francesa, la que sugiere Dostoyevski en El Gran Inquisidor.
O design, o projeto e a política
Authors: De Souza Leite João
Published: October 2023

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Redesigning the field
Authors: Noel Lesley-Ann
Published: October 2023

This essay is written from the keynote speech delivered at the P&D conference in 2022. In this speech, Lesley-Ann Noel emphasizes how designers can use their practice to promote social change by sharing emancipatory research principles and examples from her own reseach and practice.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS MÍDIAS E DAS CRIANÇAS NA DECISÃO DE COMPRA DE ALIMENTOS INDUSTRIALIZADOS LIGADOS A PERSONAGENS INFANTIS
Authors: Bastos Simone Marino , Bandeira Derick Mendes , Costa Camila Ferreira de Souza
Published: October 2023

Este é um estudo analítico seccional/transversal que teve como objetivo analisar a mídia e a criança como influenciadores dos responsáveis legais na decisão de compra de alimentos industrializados com apelo de personagens infantis. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa com os responsáveis legais de crianças através de um questionário online produzido na plataforma Google Forms. Foram excluídos da pesquisa os responsáveis menores de 18 anos, os que forneceram informações incompletas ou que não concordaram com o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Como resultados, os pais relataram perceber que a mídia atua negativamente na escolha alimentar das crianças, que elas têm assistido propagandas de alimentos e bebidas com apelo de personagens infantis e que isso as leva a pedir a compra desses produtos. Apesar de a maioria (99,1%) saber que o hábito alimentar contribui para a obesidade infantil, uma parcela significativa desses responsáveis não consegue dizer “não” para os menores e são convencidos por eles. Na análise dos fatores de risco para a criança pedir a compra dos alimentos industrializados, o tempo de internet, a reação da criança diante da propaganda e a capacidade do responsável se influenciar pela mídia apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significativa. Já na análise da capacidade da criança em convencer o responsável a comprar, o grau de parentesco e a capacidade do responsável se influenciar pela mídia foram estatisticamente significativos. Concluiu-se que a mídia influencia de forma negativa nos hábitos alimentares das crianças e, consequentemente a escolhas de compra de alimentos de seus responsáveis legais.
Hanseníase e COVID-19: repercussões na vida de pessoas afetadas e promoção de intervenções
Authors: Nascimento Raphaela Delmondes do , Santos Danielle Christine Moura dos , Lima Breno Augusto Rodrigues de , Lino Larissa Maria Farias de Amorim , Albuquerque Cássia Cibelle Barros de , Gomes Mariana Farias
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: analisar as repercussões da COVID-19 na vida das pessoas afetadas pela hanseníase e promover intervenções de enfrentamento aos problemas vivenciados pelos usuários. Método: estudo qualitativo do tipo pesquisa participante, realizado de dezembro de 2021 a junho de 2022 na região metropolitana de Recife em oito serviços de saúde de referência para hanseníase. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, telemonitoramento e intervenções nos grupos de autocuidado com usuários acometidos pela hanseníase, e oficinas com profissionais e gestores. Resultados: observaram-se repercussões financeiras, no acesso aos serviços de saúde e na socialização dos usuários. As intervenções realizadas com usuários promoveram melhores práticas de conhecimento sobre a patologia, empoderamento e autocuidado. As oficinas com gestores e profissionais propiciaram a retomada e implementação de novos grupos de autocuidado. Conclusão: a COVID-19 trouxe repercussões na situação financeira, socialização e acesso a serviços de saúde, com piora da situação de vulnerabilidade social e isolamento, já presentes no contexto da hanseníase.
Autoestima de trabalhadores terceirizados do setor de conservação de higiene e limpeza de hospitais privados
Authors: Bragança Cléria , Henriques Silvia Helena , Cassiano Carolina , Savóia Luan Gagossian , Osugui Denise Maria , Leal Laura Andrian
Published: October 2023

Objetivos: analisar aspectos positivos e negativos relacionados à autoestima de trabalhadores terceirizados de serviços de higiene e limpeza hospitalar. Método: estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em duas instituições hospitalares privadas. Os participantes foram trabalhadores terceirizados dos serviços de higiene e limpeza. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionáriosociodemográfico e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Realizada análise temática indutiva. Resultados: a amostra constitui-se de 15 trabalhadores, do sexo feminino, que expressaram aspectos positivos e negativos que afetam sua autoestima, que estão relacionados à organização e ambiente de trabalho, às relações interpessoais e benefícios trabalhistas. Conclusão: aspectos positivos e negativos estão presentes entre esses trabalhadores e os gestores hospitalares devem refletir sobre o serviço de higiene e limpeza, estabelecendo estratégias educativas e coletivas para os trabalhadores relacionadas às práticas de trabalho realizadas neste contexto.
A study on searching for candidate genes associated with pH concentration in Hanwoo meat using GWAS(genome-wide association study) and functional analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Oh Jae Don
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted to explore the genomic information significantly associated with the pH concentration of Hanwoo meat and to perform functional interpretation of the candidate genes. pH concentrations were measured from 135 samples of Hanwoo, and SNP information was generated using the Hanwoo GeneChip v1. The phenotype of pH concentration and SNP information were used in GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study). A total of 44 significant SNPs were detected in the analysis (p-value < 0.001). Chromosome 29 had the highest number of significant SNPs (6 SNPs), Chromosome 7 with the second-highest number (5 SNPs). Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis using DAVID identified 3 significant GO terms in Biological Process and 1 in Cellular Component. Additionally, a total of 2 pathways were identified through KEGG analysis. The significant candidate genes were found to be closely associated with the regulation of phosphorylase enzymes or mitochondrial energy production functions. These research findings are expected to be useful data for future development of digital breeding technologies.
A Review of the Impact of Cybersecurity in High-risk Medical Devices And In-vitro Medical Devices All Over The World
Authors: Venkatesh D. Nagasamy , K Muthupranesh.
Published: October 2023

In modern healthcare systems, medical devices are playing a major role which involves personalized medical devices which improve the patient’s lifestyle as they can be remotely monitored and their data are transmissible. Due to these data transmissions, the number of connections to the existing computer networks is increased. Being interoperable and interconnected these personalized medical devices provide great benefits like improved sensing capabilities and actuating capabilities. But the problem with high connectivity computer networks is that it exposes medical device to high cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The main targets are the pacemakers and institutions like hospitals and clinics. Hackers can easily hack medical devices and change prescriptions. So a cybersecurity breach can leak a patient’s sensitive and confidential data and risk the patient’s life. To prevent these multifaceted problems from happening these problems must be viewed from a systematic perspective and requires governance, technical controls, regulation, and standards.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Adjunctive Therapy for COVID-19 Management: Review
Authors: El-Sayed Eman M. , S Ibrahim Khadiga , Youness Eman Refaat
Published: October 2023

Patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience thrombotic complications, cytokine storm, immune disorder, hypoxia, numerous disturbances in iron homeostasis, and increased oxidative stress. In addition to the appearance of the classic onset symptoms of COVID-19 which are cough fever and chest pain. Dietary supplements or nutraceuticals can be used as an adjunct treatment to improve patients' recovery. Omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) in particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibit anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and immunomodulatory properties that, when combined with the appropriate therapeutic intervention, may improve patient outcomes. Upon oxidation, EPA and DHA produce specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that induce resolution of inflammation through inhibiting neutrophil migration, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis, and decreasing proinflammatory mediators which are risk factors for COVID-19 and increasing its severity. Moreover, ω-3PUFAs have many pathways to ameliorate various metabolic changes induced by viral infection. In this review, we attempted to summarize the available literature to understand the actual role of ω-3PUFAs that might improve or protect against COVID-19 and to determine whether it is possible to administer ω-3PUFAs as a co-therapy with conventional COVID-19 treatments.
A Review on Animal Models of Chronic Kidney Disease- An Update
Authors: R Deepthi , Ganta Suhasin
Published: October 2023

Chronic kidney disease is a global health burden and is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality for many diseases. The estimated prevalence of CKD worldwide is 9.1% (697.5 million cases) in all the age groups and about 1·2 million people died from CKD in 2017. Proteinuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate are the major indicators of the kidney damage.The need for reliable models for increasing prevalence is apparent. Animal models allow analysis of complex disease pathophysiology, for introducing new drugs and interventions in CKD. Studying various models will help in selection of appropriate model suitable for the cause of CKD.