bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross talk of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 map kinase modulate insulin and TNFα-stimulated VCAM-1 expression in rat aorta endothelial cells
Authors: Pott Gregory B. , Tsurudome Mark , Bui Jamie , Gardner Chelsea , Goalstone Marc Lee
Published: October 2016

VCAM-1 cell surface expression was determined by flow cytometry in rat aorta endothelial cells stimulated with insulin and/or Tumor Necrosis Factor-a in the absence or presence of short-hairpin RNA inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP Kinase. Cells transfected with insulin alone exhibited moderate increases in cell surface VCAM-1 expression, whereas cells stimulated with TNFα alone or in combination with insulin, exhibited a significant (P, 0.05) increase in VCAM-1 surface expression. Cells transfected with shJNK alone showed increased VCAM-1 expression at the cell surface as compared to mock-transfected positive controls. In contrast, cells transfected with shp38 exhibited significant decreased insulin-stimulated VCAM-1 expression at the cell surface, but only moderate decreased VCAM-1 expression in cells stimulated by TNFα alone in combination with insulin. Interestingly, in cells first tranfected with shJNK and then shp38, VCAM-1 expression appeared to increase in an additive fashion. In contrast, cells transfected with shp38 first then shJNK, VCAM-1 expression exhibited increased VCAM-1 expression even in the presence of shp38. One can conclude that JNK is a potent negative regulator of insulin- and TNFα-stimulated cell surface expression of VCAM-1, whereas p38 is mild positive regulator of insulin-, but not TNFα-stimulated VCAM-1 expression. JNK appears to be a more potent mediator of insulin- and TNFα-stimulated cells surface VCAM-1 expression than p38 MAP Kinase. Thus, it could be a therapeutic target for amelioration of inflammation-associated VCAM-1 expression and its sequelae of events that lead to atherosclerosis.
ADME/DMPK in the development and use of tyrosine and serine-threonine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Peters Godefridus J. , Tam Kin
Published: October 2016

Editorial
An improved method of water electrolysis – effect of complexing agent
Authors: Swaminathan Seetharaman , Rengarajan Balaji , Krishnan Ramya , Dhathathreyan Kaveripatnam Samban , Velan Manickam
Published: October 2016

The present work investigates the efficiency of an alkaline water electrolysis process in the presence of a complexing agent like citric acid (CA) when added directly into the electrolyte during the electrolytic process. High surface area nickel electrodes prepared by electrodeposition technique were used as the electrode to evaluate the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by the polarization measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The quantity of the complexing agent CA in the electrolyte was varied from 0-1 wt. %. An increase in the current density of about 25% resulted at a temperature of 30 °C in the presence of 0.2 wt. % of CA at 1.0 V vs. Hg/HgO. CA was found to improve performance by forming a complex with the alloy electrode and by formation of the high surface area catalyst for efficient OER.
EDTA as a corrosion inhibitor for Al in 0.5 M HCl: adsorption, thermodynamic and theoretical study
Authors: Azooz Rehab Ebaid
Published: October 2016

In this study; EDTA is used in very small amount (10-10 M) as an inhibitor for the Al corrosion in 0.5 M HCl. Thermodynamic and adsorption parameters are calculated. The result shows that, in this range of concentrations, EDTA is chemisorbed at the Al surface, forming a stable complex with Al and give inhibition efficiency up to 89 %. For more con­centration, unstable complex is formed and acceleration of corrosion occurs. The adsorp­tion fit well to Langmuir, Temkin isotherms and El-awady model. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to study the geometrical optimizations of EDTA. From the obtained optimized structure, The highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), the lowest unoc­cupied molecular orbital (ELUMO and their energy difference (ΔE), the total energy (TE), electronegativity (χ), dipole moment (µ), global hardness (η), global softness (σ), elec­tron affinity (A), ionization potential (I), the fraction of electrons transferred (∆N) and were determined using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set.
Simultaneous electrochemical determination of acetaminophen and metoclopramide at electrochemically pre-treated disposable graphite pencil electrode
Authors: Patil Shreekant M , Pattar Vijay P , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T
Published: October 2016

A sensitive and economic voltammetric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (AMP) and metoclopramide (MCP) using pre-treated graphite pencil electrode (PTGPE). Compared to a graphite pencil electrode, the pre-treated electrode showed an apparent shift of the oxidation potentials in the positive direction and a notable enhancement in the current responses for both AMP and MCP. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to study the voltammetric behavior of the drugs, while differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to determine AMP and MCP simulta­neously. The dependence of the current on scan rate, pH and concentration was investi­gated to boost the experimental conditions for simultaneous determination. The calibra­tion curves were obtained over the range of 0.1×10-7 to 1.1×10-7 M, the concentration of each of both the drugs was varied by keeping the other constant, and achieved lower detection limit of 3.25 nM for AMP and 1.16 nM for MCP. The developed method was found to be selective, and rapid for the simultaneous determination of AMP and MCP. The proposed method was applied simultaneously in real samples and pharmaceutical samples, with satisfactory results.
Optimization and Validation of a Fast UPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid, Octinoxate, Avobenzone, BHA, and BHT
Authors: Galimany-Rovira Fanny , Pérez-Lozano Pilar , García-Montoya Encarna , Miñarro-Carmona Montse , Ticó-Grau Josep R , Suñé-Negre Josep M
Published: October 2016

A previously published HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of six major components (hydroquinone, kojic acid, octinoxate, avobenzone, butylated hydroxyanisole, and butylated hydroxytoluene) in a skin-whitening cream was transferred and optimized to an ultra-performance LC system. Separation was achieved in a ZORBAX SB-Phenyl Rapid-Resolution High Throughput column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm), using a mobile phase consisting of water with 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The column was maintained at 40°C, and detection was carried out at 230 nm using a diode-array detector. These chromatographic conditions allow the separation of the six compounds in 3 min instead of 14 min. The extraction procedure was optimized, reducing the time and demonstrating its suitability. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, with respect to specificity, precision, accuracy, and linearity. Selectivity was found to be satisfactory. Linear regression analysis data for all compounds showed a good linear relationship, with r2 > 0.999 in the concentration range of 50–120% of the label claim for each compound. The RSD for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2% forall compounds. Comparison of system performance with the previously published HPLC method was made with respect to analysis time, efficacy, and resolution. The proposed method is faster and consumes less solvent and was applied in the determination of six major compounds in batches of skin-whitening cream manufactured during thevalidation process.
A Construção do Concílio Vaticano II: intuições germinais do Papa João XXIII em vista de um evento renovador
Authors: Passos João Décio
Published: October 2016

O Concílio Vaticano II foi construído dentro de uma tradição solidamente constituída na Igreja católica. Todos os Concílios foram realizados dentro dos parâmetros tradicionais e legais da Igreja. A pergunta pela condição de possibilidade de um Concílio renovador no âmbito dessa tradição se mostra relevante. O Vaticano II é o resultado de uma negociação entre renovação e preservação. O Papa João XXIII coordenou pessoalmente a construção da legitimidade do novo evento, seguindo passos que podem ser recuperados no decorrer das fases preparatórias da grande assembleia. A leitura desse processo a partir de parâmetros sociológicos pode elucidar sua plausibilidade dentro da tradição e da organização burocrática da Igreja. O Papa João iniciou habilmente um processo de renovação da Igreja, inaugurando uma nova fase na longa tradição católica. Na condição de Papa soube plantar a ideia de um evento renovador, em nome de uma inspiração divina e contando com a participação do conjunto dos bispos da Igreja.  
Teologia dogmática e experiência espiritual cristã: Repensando a relação com H.U. von Balthasar
Authors: Abrão Maria
Published: October 2016

Ao propor a reflexão sobre as relações entre teologia dogmática e experiência espiritual cristã, queremos mostrar neste artigo como um grande teólogo do século XX, Hans Urs von Balthasar, convida o leitor a entrar na leitura e na compreensão das razões histórico-teológicas que orientaram algumas opções e posturas assumidas, bem como a reconhecer os impactos provocados tanto na teologia como na experiência espiritual, e ainda, mais amplamente, no cristianismo e na sua missão. O caminho escolhido para este estudo parte de uma de suas obras, L’amour seul est digne de foi, e apoia-se, a seguir, no impressionante acervo intelectual do autor, nele pesquisando a transversalidade do tema. No presente trabalho, à escuta da ameaça de rupturas, analisaremos sobretudo a concepção e a possibilidade da experiência espiritual cristã indagando o AT, o NT e os Santos Padres. Que esperança se delineia nesta interlocução? Poder-se-á depreender do percurso realizado conclusões parciais. Aprofundamentos ulteriores serão indispensáveis para chegar à compreensão de tudo o que está em jogo na busca de inteligibilidade da teologia e da própria experiência cristã.
Implicações pastorais da liberdade humana em Juan Luis Segundo
Authors: Ferreira Vicente De Paula
Published: October 2016

O artigo discute a questão da liberdade humana a partir de relevantes princípios da fé cristã numa época de vulnerabilidade antropológica, sobretudo na realidade latino-americana. Sustenta-se que o Cristianismo deve insistir em sua proposta de construção da fraternidade universal, apesar dos cenários marcados pelo egoísmo, reforçado pela exacerbação do poder e do dinheiro. Esta abordagem pressupõe a radical condição de ouvinte do mistério divino, revelado em Jesus Cristo, como caminho de plenitude da condição humana. A estrutura teórica da Teologia da Libertação, na visão de Juan Luis Segundo, em sua vasta tradição de defesa de uma fé que seja transformadora das realidades de injustiça, será o ponto de apoio para o presente texto. Será também objetivo mostrar que a salvação cristã necessariamente implica a kênosis de Jesus, isto é, Cristo “esvaziou em si mesmo” (Fl 2, 7), e em seu humilde despojamento, rompeu com os sistemas fechados do mundo, promovendo a inédita aventura de uma liberdade libertada: o amor ágape. Conclui-se que a práxis cristã pode ser entendida como cuidado cotidiano para com os mais pobres e profecia do perdão enquanto resgate da memória das vítimas de toda forma humana egoísta.
A catequese no mundo atual. Crises, desafios e um novo paradigma para a catequese - Resenha
Authors: Carrara Paulo Sérgio
Published: October 2016

Resenha do livro A catequese no mundo atual: Crises, desafios e um novo paradigma catequético, sobre o terceiro paradigma catequético do teólogo francês Denis Villepelet, elaborado desde os desafios postos pela pós-modernidade à iniciação cristã, mormente à catequese. A autora faz avaliação teológico-crítica do terceiro paradigma, mostrando sua plausibilidade e pertinência para o contexto brasileiro e latino-americano.

CARMO, Solange Maria do. A catequese no mundo atual: crises, desafios e um novo paradigma para a catequese. São Paulo: Paulus, 2016. 260p. ISBN 978-85-349-4358-1.  
O Budismo de imigrantes japoneses no âmbito do Budismo brasileiro
Authors: Usarski Frank
Published: October 2016

O artigo reflete sobre o Budismo de imigrantes japoneses que é no Brasil o segmento histórico e numericamente mais importante do chamado “Budismo étnico”. O último representa, ao lado do Budismo de conversão, uma das duas principais subcategorias analíticas do universo budista do País. O texto começa com uma reconstrução da trajetória desta corrente religiosa em relação a outras tendências observáveis no campo budista em geral. Por razões analíticas, a história da Budismo de imigração japonesa é subdividida em quatro fases. A segunda parte do artigo submete os dados anteriormente apresentados à uma avaliação sociológica. Tal interpretação apropria-se, sobretudo, das estatísticas referente ao Budismo fornecidas pelo IBGE por meio dos censos nacionais desde 1950. Os dados indicam um declínio gradativo do Budismo de imigração no decorrer das últimas décadas que culminou em uma crise generalizada do segmento do Budismo em questão.  Na busca para os possíveis fatores responsáveis por desenvolvimento negativo, o artigo contempla aspectos como a falta de recursos e falhas logísticas por parte de instituições budistas ou a dificuldade das famílias de descendência japonesa em transmitir sua herança religioso-cultural para seus filhos.
O lugar da experiência na práxis teológica das igrejas cristãs orientais
Authors: Tamanini Paulo Augusto
Published: October 2016

Os conceitos, a linguagem e as acepções teóricas formulam um conhecimento. A Teologia, como área de um saber, também se serve de princípios teóricos para elucidar o Transcendente. Contudo, a Teologia Oriental apregoa que antes de todo conceito, os saberes decorrentes da experiência de fé do homem com Deus não são resultantes somente de fórmulas conceituais, axiomas irrefutáveis; brotam da intimidade pessoal e da experiência de fé que, longe de serem confundidas com ideologias, abstrações, alucinações de natureza psíquica, instituíam-se quais fundamentos e materialidade da teologia oriental. Neste universo de conhecimentos teológicos, afora o conjunto de conceitos, a fé oriental ultrapassa a lógica e parâmetros de um conhecimento elaborado apenas por teorias e dá espaço e relevância à experiência vivida. Para o cristianismo oriental, na experiência estão a chave, a distinção e a especificidade da Teologia oriental que procura dialogar com o mundo em sua inteireza.  Este artigo discorre sobre o lugar da experiência na práxis teológica das igrejas cristãs orientais, buscando nos teólogos orientais ortodoxos gregos e eslavos os pressupostos e fundamentos para tal compreensão.
Budismo Social e Engajado: a experiência do CEBB e do Lama Padma Samten
Authors: Redyson Deyve
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo fazer uma recuperação histórica do surgimento do CEBB (Centro de Estudos Budistas Bodisatva) e suas experiências como veículo de divulgação do budismo tibetano no Brasil, bem como da própria trajetória do Lama Padma Samten, seu fundador, e atual liderança religiosa desta tradição. Pretende-se demonstrar que a experiência do CEBB configura-se numa forma de budismo social e engajado, onde perspectivas voltadas para a educação, a assistência social e a preservação e respeito dos direitos humanos são elementos que o aproximam da realidade brasileira. A experiência vivenciada do CEBB também se liga ao trabalho em comunidades de grande risco social, mas sempre conectada com as identidades brasileiras de budismo que se espelham na ação altruísta, baseadas na generosidade e contemplação. Vinculados ao CEBB também está, em grande parte, a história e os desenvolvimentos do budismo no Brasil, que apontam estatísticas de crescimento e expansão, como resultado do trabalho social engajado e da responsabilidade universal com os seres humanos.
Deus na linguagem proverbial: análise do uso do nome de Deus em Provérbios e expressões populares da Bíblia e da atualidade
Authors: Silva Valmor da
Published: October 2016

A partir da constatação segundo a qual Deus é “inefável e sem forma”, o artigo analisa o uso do nome de Deus em ditos populares da Bíblia e da atualidade. Embora a Bíblia proíba fazer imagens esculpidas da divindade, ela abusa no uso do nome divino e na atribuição de metáforas de sua natureza e de suas ações. O estudo objetiva analisar a ampla utilização do nome de Deus em provérbios, tanto da antiguidade bíblica quanto da atualidade cotidiana. Após as considerações introdutórias sobre o nome de Deus nas diversas religiões, na Bíblia e na boca do povo, expõe-se a ampla citação do nome de Deus no livro bíblico de Provérbios, no contexto de toda a Bíblia Hebraica. Para analisar essa realidade, em paralelo, agrupam-se os ditos em torno aos seguintes assuntos: Deus em interjeições populares espontâneas, Deus como criador providente, Deus como retribuidor pelo bem e pelo mal, e Deus parceiro dos seres humanos em sua proposta ética de boa convivência.
Uma historiografia dos estudos brasileiros de Religião Nórdica Medieval
Authors: Langer Johnni
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo apresenta uma historiografia dos estudos brasileiros referentes ao tema da religião nórdica antiga e cristã durante a Idade Média, abrangendo as perspectivas de mito, rito e magia. O período da pesquisa envolve os anos de 1959 até 2015 e diz respeito a livros, artigos, resenhas, entrevistas, eventos e pesquisas de pós graduação desenvolvidas por autores brasileiros. O objetivo da pesquisa é demonstrar o estado da área para as novas gerações, bem como fornecer aos pesquisadores avançados alguns parâmetros da inserção das investigações deste tema na academia brasileira. Como metodologia adotamos o referencial da História Cultural das Religiões e os debates críticos existentes entre os especialistas, em especial, Jens Peter Schjødt, Anders Andrén, Kristina Jennbert e Catharina Raudvere. Nossa principal conclusão demonstra que em pouco tempo, cerca de vinte anos, tais estudos alcançaram maturidade (metodológica, analítica, bibliográfica e temática) no Brasil e certa repercussão internacional.
A Religião e o Esgotamento do Iluminismo - Estudo de Filosofia da Religião a Partir da Dialética do Iluminismo
Authors: Moraes Junior Manoel Ribeiro
Published: October 2016

Os estudos da religião na modernidade renascentista e iluminista estiveram sempre sob as condições das promessas emancipatórias de um saber secular, tecnologicamente experimental e crítico às tradições, visando à emancipação social em relação às antigas formas de pensamento e sociedade. Contudo, as catástrofes das grandes guerras e dos problemas decorrentes de formas políticas e econômicas de características técnicas e burocráticas favoreceram mazelas dolorosas e até sanguinárias no século XX. A religião sempre foi tratada sob a dimensão das sociedades tradicionais, das quais a modernidade lutava para se libertar. Este artigo trata de um estudo escrito por Adorno e Horkheimer, que é crítico aos aspectos ideológicos e germinais desta modernidade.  Entre leitura e análise dos pensadores frankfurtianos, este artigo enfoca mais ainda as implicações aos estudos da religião, momento em que os pensadores frankfurtianos tecem uma genealogia arquetípica e sociopsicanalítica da modernidade, visando, antes de tudo, as possibilidades de uma emancipação social.
Um altar romano na baía do Guajará: programa iconológico e reforma católica na Catedral da Sé de Belém do Pará (1867-1892)
Authors: Figueiredo Aldrin , Rodrigues Silvio Ferreira
Published: October 2016

Este artigo analisa o papel da arte sacra e religiosa na Amazônia no contexto do movimento de renovação do catolicismo brasileiro no século XIX, conhecido como reforma católica Para isso, toma, como objeto de análise, a encomenda do altar mor de Nossa Senhora de Belém pelo bispo do Pará D. Antônio de Macedo Costa (1830-1891) para o escultor e arquiteto italiano Luca Carimini (1830-1890). Essa obra, juntamente com outras realizadas no mesmo período do pontificado de Pio IX, perfaz um programa iconológico e um corpus narrativo de fundo artístico e sagrado, que são testemunhos da pedagogia e dos debates políticos na história do catolicismo romano e brasileiro do século XIX. Além disso, movimenta artistas que atuaram sob o mecenato do papa Pio IX para cidades latino-americanas como Santiago, no Chile, e Belém do Pará, no Brasil, evidenciando conexões artísticas, intelectuais e religiosas entre o Vaticano e a América do Sul, como parte do movimento internacional de renovação do catolicismo. 
Identifying Key Steps for Developing Mobile Applications & Mobile Websites for Libraries
Authors: Potnis Devendra Dilip , Regenstreif-Harms Reynard , Cortez Edwin
Published: October 2016

Mobile applications and mobile websites (MAMW) represent information systems that are increasingly being developed by libraries to better serve their patrons. Due to a lack of in-house IT skills and the knowledge necessary to develop MAMW, a majority of libraries are forced to rely on external IT professionals, who may or may not help libraries meet patron needs but instead may deplete libraries’ scarce financial resources. This paper applies a system analysis and design perspective to analyze the experience and advice shared by librarians and IT professionals engaged in developing MAMW. This paper identifies key steps and precautions to take while developing MAMW for libraries. It also advises library and information science (LIS) graduate programs to equip their students with the specific skills and knowledge needed to develop and implement MAMW.
Library Discovery Products: Discovering User Expectations through Failure Analysis
Authors: Trapido Irina
Published: October 2016

As the new generation of discovery systems evolve and gain maturity, it is important to continually focus on how users interact with these tools and what areas they find problematic. This study looks at user interactions within SearchWorks, a discovery system developed by Stanford University Libraries, with an emphasis on identifying and analyzing problematic and failed searches. Our findings indicate that users still experience difficulties conducting author and subject searches, could benefit from enhanced support for browsing, and expect their overall search experience to be more closely aligned with that on popular Web destinations. The article also offers practical recommendations pertaining to metadata, functionality, and scope of the search system that could help address some of the most common problems encountered by the users.
Editorial Board Thoughts: Requiring and Demonstrating Technical Skills for Library Employment
Authors: Morton-Owens Emily
Published: October 2016

Editorial Board Thoughts: Requiring and Demonstrating Technical Skills for Library Employment
Viral RNA switch mediates the dynamic control of flavivirus replicase recruitment by genome cyclization
Authors: Liu Zhong-Yu , Li Xiao-Feng , Jiang Tao , Deng Yong-Qiang , Ye Qing , Zhao Hui , Yu Jiu-Yang , Qin Cheng-Feng
Published: October 2016

Viral replicase recruitment and long-range RNA interactions are essential for RNA virus replication, yet the mechanism of their interplay remains elusive. Flaviviruses include numerous important human pathogens, e.g., dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Here, we revealed a highly conserved, conformation-tunable cis-acting element named 5′-UAR-flanking stem (UFS) in the flavivirus genomic 5′ terminus. We demonstrated that the UFS was critical for efficient NS5 recruitment and viral RNA synthesis in different flaviviruses. Interestingly, stabilization of the DENV UFS impaired both genome cyclization and vRNA replication. Moreover, the UFS unwound in response to genome cyclization, leading to the decreased affinity of NS5 for the viral 5′ end. Thus, we propose that the UFS is switched by genome cyclization to regulate dynamic RdRp binding for vRNA replication. This study demonstrates that the UFS enables communication between flavivirus genome cyclization and RdRp recruitment, highlighting the presence of switch-like mechanisms among RNA viruses.
The fail-safe mechanism of post-transcriptional silencing of unspliced HAC1 mRNA
Authors: Di Santo Rachael , Aboulhouda Soufiane , Weinberg David E
Published: October 2016

HAC1 encodes a transcription factor that is the central effector of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in budding yeast. When the UPR is inactive, HAC1 mRNA is stored as an unspliced isoform in the cytoplasm and no Hac1 protein is detectable. Intron removal is both necessary and sufficient to relieve the post-transcriptional silencing of HAC1 mRNA, yet the precise mechanism by which the intron prevents Hac1 protein accumulation has remained elusive. Here, we show that a combination of inhibited translation initiation and accelerated protein degradation—both dependent on the intron—prevents the accumulation of Hac1 protein when the UPR is inactive. Functionally, both components of this fail-safe silencing mechanism are required to prevent ectopic production of Hac1 protein and concomitant activation of the UPR. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of HAC1 regulation and reveal a novel strategy for complete post-transcriptional silencing of a cytoplasmic mRNA.
Inkjet‐Printing of Single‐Spot‐Structured Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Lehmann Danny , Haverkamp Vico , Krüger Klaus , Treekamol Yaowapa , Schieda Mauricio
Published: October 2016

In this study, the authors propose a novel approach for fabricating structured photoactive devices by inkjet printing. The basic concept is to build the device out of single‐structured printed spots. The flow behavior within the drying spots, i.e., the coffee‐ring‐effect and Marangoni‐flow, is used to control the structure of the single spots. The approach is implemented in an inkjet‐printing system. Several inks, optimized with respect to the tasks stated above are formulated. Single‐spot‐structured electrodes for photoelectrochemical cells are printed using the proposed approach.
Biodiesel production using immobilized lipase: feasibility and challenges
Authors: Sankaran Revathy , Show Pau Loke , Chang Jo‐Shu
Published: October 2016

Fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE, also known as biodiesel) is one of the best alternatives to fossil fuels. Biodiesel can be synthesized via transesterification of oil with alcohol by either chemical or enzymatic catalysis. In particular, immobilized lipase as biocatalyst for transesterification has recently drawn great attention due to its environmental and economic benefits over conventional chemical catalytic processes. This paper provides an in‐depth review of the feasibility and the challenges of biodiesel production catalyzed by immobilized lipase, with the emphasis on lipase immobilization techniques, factors affecting biodiesel synthesis, and whole cell catalysis. It is necessary to upgrade the existing methods and to further exploit new techniques to make the immobilized lipase‐catalyzed biodiesel synthesis technically feasible and commercially viable for practical applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
An inverse relation between expressiveness and grammatical integration: On the morphosyntactic typology of ideophones, with special reference to Japanese
Authors: DINGEMANSE MARK , AKITA KIMI
Published: October 2016

Words and phrases may differ in the extent to which they are susceptible to prosodic foregrounding and expressive morphology: their expressiveness. They may also differ in the degree to which they are integrated in the morphosyntactic structure of the utterance: their grammatical integration. We describe an inverse relation that holds across widely varied languages, such that more expressiveness goes together with less grammatical integration, and vice versa. We review typological evidence for this inverse relation in ten spoken languages, then quantify and explain it using Japanese corpus data. We do this by tracking ideophones – vivid sensory words also known as mimetics or expressives – across different morphosyntactic contexts and measuring their expressiveness in terms of intonation, phonation and expressive morphology. We find that as expressiveness increases, grammatical integration decreases. Using gesture as a measure independent of the speech signal, we find that the most expressive ideophones are most likely to come together with iconic gestures. We argue that the ultimate cause is the encounter of two distinct and partly incommensurable modes of representation: the gradient, iconic, depictive system represented by ideophones and iconic gestures, and the discrete, arbitrary, descriptive system represented by ordinary words. The study shows how people combine modes of representation in speech and demonstrates the value of integrating description and depiction into the scientific vision of language.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiometabolic disease: improving causal inference to inform practice
Authors: Koenen K. C. , Sumner J. A. , Gilsanz P. , Glymour M. M. , Ratanatharathorn A. , Rimm E. B. , Roberts A. L. , Winning A. , Kubzansky L. D.
Published: October 2016

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been declared ‘a life sentence’ based on evidence that the disorder leads to a host of physical health problems. Some of the strongest empirical research – in terms of methodology and findings – has shown that PTSD predicts higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases, specifically cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite mounting evidence, PTSD is not currently acknowledged as a risk factor by cardiovascular or endocrinological medicine. This view is unlikely to change absent compelling evidence that PTSD causally contributes to cardiometabolic disease. This review suggests that with developments in methods for epidemiological research and the rapidly expanding knowledge of the behavioral and biological effects of PTSD the field is poised to provide more definitive answers to questions of causality. First, we discuss methods to improve causal inference using the observational data most often used in studies of PTSD and health, with particular reference to issues of temporality and confounding. Second, we consider recent work linking PTSD with specific behaviors and biological processes, and evaluate whether these may plausibly serve as mechanisms by which PTSD leads to cardiometabolic disease. Third, we evaluate how looking more comprehensively into the PTSD phenotype provides insight into whether specific aspects of PTSD phenomenology are particularly relevant to cardiometabolic disease. Finally, we discuss new areas of research that are feasible and could enhance understanding of the PTSD–cardiometabolic relationship, such as testing whether treatment of PTSD can halt or even reverse the cardiometabolic risk factors causally related to CVD and T2D.
Product life cycle management approach for integration of engineering design and life cycle engineering
Authors: Penciuc Diana , Le Duigou Julien , Daaboul Joanna , Vallet Flore , Eynard Benoît
Published: October 2016

Optimized lightweight manufacturing of parts is crucial for automotive and aeronautical industries in order to stay competitive and to reduce costs and fuel consumption. Hence, aluminum becomes an unquestionable material choice regarding these challenges. Nevertheless, using only virgin aluminum is not satisfactory because its extraction requires high use of energy and effort, and its manufacturing has high environmental impact. For these reasons, the use of recycled aluminum alloys is recommended considering their properties meet the expected technical and environmental added values. This requires complete reengineering of the classical life cycle of aluminum-based products and the collaboration practices in the global supply chain. The results from several interdependent disciplines all need to be taken into account for a global product/process optimization. Toward achieving this, a method for sustainability assessment integration into product life cycle management and a platform for life cycle simulation integrating environmental concerns are proposed in this paper. The platform may be used as a decision support system in the early product design phase by simulating the life cycle of a product (from material selection to production and recycling phases) and calculating its impact on the environment.
Eliminating Uncertainty One Cloud at a Time
Authors: Hall Shannon
Published: October 2016

The impact of clouds on climate change has been a scientific mystery for decades. Now researchers are fighting to gain the upper hand.
Mars's Climate May Have Been Wet Much Later Than Thought
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: October 2016

Water-carved valleys may be relatively young, challenging assumptions about the history of the Red Planet's climate
Mode of renal replacement therapy determines endotoxemia and neutrophil dysfunction in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lemesch Sandra , Ribitsch Werner , Schilcher Gernot , Spindelböck Walter , Hafner-Gießauf Hildegard , Marsche Gunther , Pasterk Lisa , Payerl Doris , Schmerböck Bianca , Tawdrous Monika , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Stiegler Philipp , Kager Gerd , Hallström Seth , Oettl Karl , Eberhard Katharina , Horvath Angela , Leber Bettina , Stadlbauer Vanessa
Published: October 2016

Bacterial infection and sepsis are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A vicious cycle of increased gut permeability, endotoxemia, inadequate activation of the innate immune system and resulting innate immune dysfunction is hypothesized. We assessed endotoxemia, neutrophil function and its relation to oxidative stress, inflammation and gut permeability in patients with CKD grade 3–5 without renal replacement therapy (CKD group, n = 57), patients with CKD stage 5 undergoing haemodialysis (HD, n = 32) or peritoneal dialysis (PD, n = 28) and patients after kidney transplantation (KT, n = 67) in a cross-sectional observational study. In HD patients, endotoxin serum levels were elevated and neutrophil phagocytic capacity was decreased compared to all other groups. Patients on HD had a significantly higher mortality, due to infections during follow up, compared to PD (p = 0.022). Oxidative stress, neutrophil energy charge, systemic inflammation and gut permeability could not completely explain these differences. Our findings suggest that dialysis modality and not renal function per se determine the development of neutrophil dysfunction and endotoxemia in CKD-patients. HD patients are particularly prone to neutrophil dysfunction and endotoxemia whereas neutrophil function seems to improve after KT. Multi-target approaches are therefore warranted to improve neutrophil function and potentially reduce the rate of infections with patients undergoing haemodialysis.
Apocynin and Nox2 regulate NF-κB by modifying thioredoxin-1 redox-state
Authors: Trevelin Silvia Cellone , dos Santos Célio Xavier , Ferreira Raphael Gomes , de Sá Lima Larissa , Silva Rangel Leal , Scavone Cristoforo , Curi Rui , Alves-Filho José Carlos , Cunha Thiago Mattar , Roxo-Júnior Pérsio , Cervi Maria-Célia , Laurindo Francisco Rafael Martins , Hothersall John Stephen , Cobb Andrew M. , Zhang Min , Ivetic Aleksandar , Shah Ajay M. , Lopes Lucia Rossetti , Cunha Fernando Queiroz
Published: October 2016

The reactive-oxygen-species-(ROS)-generating-enzyme Nox2 is essential for leukocyte anti-microbial activity. However its role in cellular redox homeostasis and, consequently, in modulating intracellular signaling pathways remains unclear. Herein, we show Nox2 activation favors thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1)/p40phox interaction, which leads to exclusion of TRX-1 from the nucleus. In contrast, the genetic deficiency of Nox2 or its pharmacological inhibition with apocynin (APO) results in reductive stress after lipopolysaccharide-(LPS)-cell stimulation, which causes nuclear accumulation of TRX-1 and enhanced transcription of inflammatory mediators through nuclear-factor-(NF)-κB. The NF-κB overactivation is prevented by TRX-1 oxidation using inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1). The Nox2/TRX-1/NF-κB intracellular signaling pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and sepsis. In fact, TrxR-1 inhibition prevents nuclear accumulation of TRX-1 and LPS-stimulated hyperproduction of tumor-necrosis-factor-(TNF)-α by monocytes and neutrophils purified from blood of CGD patients, who have deficient Nox2 activity. TrxR-1 inhibitors, either lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) or auranofin (AUR), also increase survival rates of mice undergoing cecal-ligation-and-puncture-(CLP). Therefore, our results identify a hitherto unrecognized Nox2-mediated intracellular signaling pathway that contributes to hyperinflammation in CGD and in septic patients. Additionally, we suggest that TrxR-1 inhibitors could be potential drugs to treat patients with sepsis, particularly in those with CGD.
Inhibition of Complement Retards Ankylosing Spondylitis Progression
Authors: Yang Chaoqun , Ding Peipei , Wang Qingkai , Zhang Long , Zhang Xin , Zhao Jianquan , Xu Enjie , Wang Na , Chen Jianfeng , Yang Guang , Hu Weiguo , Zhou Xuhui
Published: October 2016

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) resulting in back pain and progressive spinal ankyloses. Currently, there are no effective therapeutics targeting AS largely due to elusive pathogenesis mechanisms, even as potential candidates such as HLA-B27 autoantigen have been identified. Herein, we employed a proteoglycan (PG)-induced AS mouse model together with clinical specimens, and found that the complement system was substantially activated in the spinal bone marrow, accompanied by a remarkable proportion alteration of neutrophils and macrophage in bone marrow and spleen, and by the significant increase of TGF-β1 in serum. The combined treatment with a bacteria-derived complement inhibitor Efb-C (C-terminal ofextracellularfibrinogen-binding protein ofStaphylococcus aureus) remarkably retarded the progression of mouse AS by reducing osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that two important modulators involved in AS disease, TGF-β1 and RANKL, were elevated uponin vitrocomplement attack in osteoblast and/or osteoclast cells. These findings further unravel that complement activation is closely related with the pathogenesis of AS, and suggest that complement inhibition may hold great potential for AS therapy.
High-resolution 3D volumetry versus conventional measuring techniques for the assessment of experimental lymphedema in the mouse hindlimb
Authors: Frueh Florian S. , Körbel Christina , Gassert Laura , Müller Andreas , Gousopoulos Epameinondas , Lindenblatt Nicole , Giovanoli Pietro , Laschke Matthias W. , Menger Michael D.
Published: October 2016

Secondary lymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment characterized by chronic limb swelling with interstitial inflammation. The rodent hindlimb is a widely used model for the evaluation of novel lymphedema treatments. However, the assessment of limb volume in small animals is challenging. Recently, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging modalities have been introduced for rodent limb volumetry. In the present study we evaluated the validity of microcomputed tomography (μCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound in comparison to conventional measuring techniques. For this purpose, acute lymphedema was induced in the mouse hindlimb by a modified popliteal lymphadenectomy. The 4-week course of this type of lymphedema was first assessed in 6 animals. In additional 12 animals, limb volumes were analyzed by μCT, 9.4 T MRI and 30 MHz ultrasound as well as by planimetry, circumferential length and paw thickness measurements. Interobserver correlation was high for all modalities, in particular for μCT analysis (r = 0.975, p < 0.001). Importantly, caliper-measured paw thickness correlated well with μCT (r = 0.861), MRI (r = 0.821) and ultrasound (r = 0.800). Because the assessment of paw thickness represents a time- and cost-effective approach, it may be ideally suited for the quantification of rodent hindlimb lymphedema.
Exome sequencing in the knockin mice generated using the CRISPR/Cas system
Authors: Nakajima Kazuo , Kazuno An-a , Kelsoe John , Nakanishi Moe , Takumi Toru , Kato Tadafumi
Published: October 2016

Knockin (KI) mouse carrying a point mutation has been an invaluable tool for disease modeling and analysis. Genome editing technologies using the CRISPR/Cas system has emerged as an alternative way to create KI mice. However, if the mice carry nucleotide insertions and/or deletions (InDels) in other genes, which could have unintentionally occurred during the establishment of the KI mouse line and potentially have larger impact than a point mutation, it would confound phenotyping of the KI mice. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing of multiple lines of F1 heterozygousNtrk1KI mice generated using the CRISPR/Cas system in comparison to that of a wild-type mouse used as a control. We found three InDels in four KI mice but not in a control mouse.In vitrodigestion assay suggested that each InDel occurred as a de novo mutation, was carried-over from the parental mice, or was incorporated through the Cas9 nuclease mediated off-target cleavage. These results suggest that frequency of InDels found in KI mice generated by the CRISPR/Cas technology is not high, but cannot be neglected and careful assessment of these mutations is warranted.
Interface phonon modes in the [AlN/GaN]20 and [Al0.35Ga0.65N/Al0.55Ga0.45N]20 2D multi-quantum well structures
Authors: Sivadasan A. K. , Singha Chirantan , Bhattacharyya A. , Dhara Sandip
Published: October 2016

Interface phonon (IF) modes of [AlN/GaN]20 and [Al0.35Ga0.65N/Al0.55Ga0.45N]20 multi-quantum well (MQW) structures are reported. The effect of variation in the dielectric constant of “barrier” layers periodically arranged in the MQWs is investigated.
High thermoelectric performance of polycrystalline In4Se3−δ(CuI)x: synergistic effects of the Se-deficiency and CuI-doping
Authors: Chen Yan-Chun , Lin Hua , Wu Li-Ming
Published: October 2016

Synergistic effect of Se-deficiency and CuI-doping significantly enhances the thermoelectric figure-of-merit of the n-type polycrystalline In4Se3-based materials via improving the power factor. With In4Se2.95(CuI)0.01, ZT = 1.34 at 723 K, the highest value obtained for Pb-free polycrystalline In4Se3-based materials to date.
UV-assisted reduction of in situ electrospun antibacterial chitosan-based nanofibres for removal of bacteria from water
Authors: Nthunya Lebea N. , Masheane Monaheng L. , Malinga Soraya P. , Barnard Tobias G. , Nxumalo Edward N. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Mhlanga Sabelo D.
Published: October 2016

A greener low temperature synthesis of low-swelling uniformly-sized chitosan-based nanofibres decorated with silver and silver/iron nanoparticles is reported.
Facile synthesis of net-like Fe3O4/MWCNTs decorated by SnO2 nanoparticles as a highly efficient microwave absorber
Authors: Wang Lei , Xing Honglong , Liu Zhenfeng , Shen Ziyao , Sun Xiang , Xu Guocai
Published: October 2016

SnO2 nanocrystals were introduced into Fe3O4/MWCNTs to tune the complex permittivity. The synergistic interaction of different components and special net-like structure contribute to a highly efficient MA.
Photovoltaically self-charging cells with WO3·H2O/CNTs/PVDF composite
Authors: Huang Xuezhen , Zhang Xi , Jiang Hongrui
Published: October 2016

Nanostructure improves the columbic efficiency of a freestanding WO3·H2O/CNTs/PVDF electrode as the energy storage part in PSCs.
Reversible P–N transition sensing behavior obtained by applying GQDs/Pt decorated SnO2 thin films at room temperature
Authors: Shao Shaofeng , Liu Bin , Jiang Fan , Wu Hongyan , Koehn Ralf
Published: October 2016

A GQDs/Pt–SnO2 thin film presents reversible sensing behavior with switching from p- to n-type acetone sensing performance at room temperature as a function of AC and GC.
Controllable localization of carbon nanotubes on the holey edge of graphene: an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Cheng Zhihua , Fu Qiang , Li Changxia , Wang Xiaopeng , Gao Jian , Ye Minghui , Zhao Yang , Dong Liujia , Luo Hongxia , Qu Liangti
Published: October 2016

An efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst based on a three dimensional holey graphene framework with precise localization of N-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) on the hole-edges of graphene is demonstrated.
Dose Schedule and Enhanced Conversational Recast Treatment for Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Meyers-Denman Christina N. , Plante Elena
Published: October 2016

Purpose

Dosage has been identified as an important element of treatment that may affect treatment efficacy. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of dose schedule for treatment of grammatical morphology deficits in children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method

Sixteen 4-to-5-year-old children with SLI participated in a 5-week intervention consisting of equivalent daily Enhanced Conversational Recast treatment (Plante et al., 2014) targeting grammatical morphology. Half of the children received treatment in one 30-min session (
massed
condition). Half received treatment in three 10-min sessions (
spaced
condition) within one 4-hr period. Progress was assessed 3 times weekly by probing a child's use of his or her treatment morpheme and untreated morpheme (a maturational control) in untreated contexts.

Results

Pre- to posttreatment morpheme usage differed significantly for children regardless of dosage condition, and pre to post usage of an untreated morpheme was unchanged, demonstrating overall treatment efficacy. There were no differences in treatment effects for the massed and spaced conditions.

Conclusions

The study adds to evidence that Enhanced Conversational Recast can produce positive results in a short period of time for children with SLI. Furthermore, clinicians may have some flexibility in terms of the dose schedule they use to deliver this treatment in an evidence-based manner.
Introducing distributed gradient descent distance vector routing (DGDDVR)
Authors: Herbert S.J.
Published: October 2016

A distributed algorithm is proposed which routes packets to minimise the expected latency in arbitrarily connected mesh networks, where each link has a set transmission rate. It is proven that the proposed algorithm converges to the global minimum. Initial simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm relative to current methods based on Dijkstra's algorithm.
Fully‐tunable filtering power dividers exploiting dynamic transmission‐zero allocation
Authors: Gómez‐García Roberto , Psychogiou Dimitra , Peroulis Dimitrios
Published: October 2016

A new class of Wilkinson‐type power dividers with reconfigurable quasi‐elliptic‐type filtering characteristics is reported. Their design exploits the connection of resonators to the branches of a Wilkinson‐type power divider through impedance inverters that in turn produce power transmission zeros (TZs) at their natural frequencies. In this manner and by making frequency‐controllable these resonators, the created TZs can be tuned to attain an adaptive bandpass‐filtering/power‐division double functionality in terms of centre frequency, passband‐width, and stopband bandwidth/attenuation characteristics. Furthermore, bandstop‐filtering actions can be generated through this technique in wide‐band power divider realisations for the suppression of in‐band interfering signals. Key advantages of the proposed filtering power divider include: unequal transmission‐band spectral widths and out‐of‐band power‐rejection profiles for the transfer functions of the two power‐divider branches, as well as the intrinsic switching‐off of one or both of them. The theoretical foundations of the engineered fully‐tunable filtering power divider and its corresponding RF design guidelines are expounded in this work. In addition, a UHF‐band microstrip prototype is manufactured and characterised for practical‐demonstration purposes.