bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Knife: The Evolving Nonsurgical Management of Oligometastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gill Sharlene , Liu David M. , Green Harshani M. , Sharma Ricky A.
Published: June 2018

In patients with liver-limited oligometastatic disease, the goal of treatment can be curative intent. Historically, this was accomplished in patients presenting with upfront resectable disease. The availability of increasingly efficacious chemotherapy and biologic combinations with encouraging response rates led to the potential to convert unresectable disease to resectability. Beyond the backbone of surgery, we now have a portfolio of locoregional strategies to consider.From an interventional radiology perspective, the use of portal vein embolization can facilitate hypertrophy of the liver in anticipation of resection, thus converting unresectable disease to one amenable to a surgical approach with curative intent. Technological advances in liver-directed ablative therapies have afforded the possibility of eliminate radiographically evident disease with the hope for long-term disease control. Advanced radiotherapy techniques are further increasing the therapeutic options for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Improvements in external-beam radiotherapy over the past 2 decades include image-guided radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, and proton-beam therapy. Finally, selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with microspheres labeled with the β-emitter 90Y enable targeted delivery of radiation to hepatic tumors. A coordinated multidisciplinary approach is required to integrate these nonsurgical adjuncts in an evidence-based manner to optimize outcomes for patients with potentially resectable metastatic disease. In this article, we summarize recent developments in systemic therapy, radiotherapy, and interventional liver-directed therapies that have changed the treatment landscape for patients with oligometastatic colorectal cancer.
Cognitive Changes in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Hardy Sara J. , Krull Kevin R. , Wefel Jeffrey S. , Janelsins Michelle
Published: June 2018

Advances in cancer treatments have led to substantially improved survival for patients with cancer. However, many patients experience changes in cognition as a side effect of both cancer and cancer treatment. This occurs with both central nervous system (CNS) tumors and non-CNS tumors and in both children and adults. Studies of patients with non-CNS cancer have shown that cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), which can include changes in memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed, occurs in up to 30% of patients prior to any treatment and in up to 75% of patients during treatment. A subset of patients with non-CNS and CNS cancer appear to be at higher risk for CRCI, so much research has gone into identifying who is vulnerable. Risk factors for CRCI in adults include cognitive reserve, age, genetic factors, and ethnicity; risk factors for children include genetic factors, female sex, younger age at diagnosis, chemotherapy dose, and both dose and field size for radiation. Although the field has made substantial strides in understanding and treating CRCI, more research is still needed to improve outcomes for both pediatric and adult cancer survivors.
Systemic Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Current Standards and Treatment Considerations
Authors: Dietrich Brian , Siefker-Radtke Arlene O. , Srinivas Sandy , Yu Evan Y.
Published: June 2018

Urothelial carcinoma is the sixth most common malignancy in the United States. Although most are diagnosed with non–muscle-invasive malignancy, many patients will develop recurrent disease within 5 years, with 10% to 20% developing advanced muscle-invasive or more distant incurable disease. For such patients, clinical outcomes have remained suboptimal, although recent therapeutic advances have brought new hope to the field. Here, we discuss the main systemic treatment options available for the treatment of patients with advanced disease. This review begins with traditional chemotherapy, which remains a first-line treatment option for many patients. The second section focuses on the evolving landscape of immunotherapy, specifically on approved checkpoint inhibitors and future challenges. Last, we address advances in targeted treatments, including angiogenesis and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors as well as antibody-drug conjugates. As the number of available treatment options continues to expand, ongoing trials to investigate the best sequence and combination strategies to incorporate these drugs into clinical practice will help delineate the future.
“How Much Time Do I Have?”: Communicating Prognosis in the Era of Exceptional Responders
Authors: LeBlanc Thomas W. , Temel Jennifer S. , Helft Paul R.
Published: June 2018

Prognostication is the science by which clinicians estimate a patient’s expected outcome. A robust literature shows that many patients with advanced cancer have inaccurate perceptions of their prognosis, thus raising questions about whether patients are truly making informed decisions. Clinicians’ ability to communicate prognostic information is further complicated today by the availability of novel, efficacious immunotherapies and genome-guided treatments. Currently, clinicians lack tools to predict which patients with advanced disease will achieve an exceptional response to these new therapies. This increased prognostic uncertainty on the part of clinicians further complicates prognostic communication with patients. Evidence also suggests that many oncologists avoid or rarely engage in prognosis-related communication and/or lack skills in this area. Although communication skills training interventions can have a positive impact on complex communication skills for some clinicians, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to improving patient-clinician communication about prognosis. Yet improving patient understanding of prognosis is critical, because patient understanding of prognosis is linked with end-of-life care outcomes. Solutions to this problem will likely require a combination of interventions beyond communication skills training programs, including enhanced use of other cancer clinicians, such as oncology nurses and social workers, increased use of palliative care specialists, and organizational support to facilitate advance care planning.
New and Important Changes in the TNM Staging System for Breast Cancer
Authors: Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Edge Stephen B. , Giuliano Armando
Published: June 2018

Expanded understanding of biologic factors that modulate the clinical course of malignant disease have led to the gradual integration of biomarkers into staging classifications. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system is universally used and has largely displaced other staging classifications for most, although not all, cancers. Many of the chapters of the eighth edition of the AJCC TNM staging system integrated biomarkers with anatomic definitions. The Breast Chapter added estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression, HER2 expression, and/or amplification and histologic grade to the anatomic assessment of tumor size, regional lymph node involvement, and distant metastases (known as TNM). While preserving an anatomic staging system for continuity and for regions where modern biomarkers are not always available, the eighth edition emphasizes the increased prognostic precision of the clinical prognostic stage groups and the pathologic prognostic stage groups. The clinical prognostic stage groups are applicable to all patients with primary breast cancer before any treatment has been implemented, but require a clinical and imaging evaluation as well as a biopsy with grade and available ER, PR, and HER2 results; the pathologic prognostic stage groups are applicable to all patients treated with complete surgical excision as first treatment and also require a complete pathology report, grade, and ER, PR, and HER2. Applying the pathologic prognostic stage groups to a large database of patients staged by basic TNM groupings changed the stage grouping of almost 40% of patients. Grouping by pathologic prognostic stage groups led to a better prognostic distribution of the group and more precise individual prognostication.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Lung Cancer
Authors: Zimmermann Stefan , Peters Solange , Owinokoko Taofeek , Gadgeel Shirish M.
Published: June 2018

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically PD-1–directed agents, have changed the treatment paradigm of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are being actively evaluated in patients with small cell lung cancer. After initial studies demonstrated survival advantage with these agents in patients with recurrent NSCLC, these agents now have demonstrated survival advantage in some patients with early-stage NSCLC. Further evaluation of these agents in combination with chemotherapy regimens and other checkpoint inhibitors is ongoing. Recent data suggest that addition of these agents to chemotherapy may improve survival compared with chemotherapy alone. Promising results have also been observed in patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer. Ongoing studies will define the role of these agents in the management of patients with small cell lung cancer. Tumor PD-L1 assessment has become standard of care since use of frontline pembrolizumab in patients with advanced NSCLC is based on tumor PD-L1 expression. Other biomarkers are being actively evaluated to identify the patients most likely to benefit from these agents. Unique adverse effects are observed with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Knowledge of the adverse effects and their management is crucial in treating patients with lung cancer using immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Sequencing Therapy for Genetically Defined Subgroups of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yu Helena A. , Planchard David , Lovly Christine M.
Published: June 2018

The practice of precision medicine for patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly those patients with adenocarcinoma histology (the predominant subtype of NSCLC), has become the accepted standard of care worldwide. Implementation of prospective tumor molecular profiling and rational therapeutic decision-making based on the presence of recurrently detected oncogenic “driver” alterations in the tumor genome has revolutionized the way that lung cancer is diagnosed and treated in the clinic. Over the past two decades, there has been a deluge of therapeutically actionable driver alterations and accompanying small molecule inhibitors to target these drivers. Herein, we synthesize a large and rapidly growing body of literature regarding therapeutic inhibition of driver mutations. We focus on established targets, including EGFR, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1, BRAF, RET, MET, HER2, and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK), with a particular emphasis on the sequencing of small molecule inhibitors in these genetically defined cohorts of patients with lung cancer.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Concurrent Chemoradiation, and Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Risk Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Baldini Elizabeth H. , Le Cesne Axel , Trent Jonathan C.
Published: June 2018

Standard treatment of large intermediate- and high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma (ESTS) typically includes wide excision and radiation therapy. Many patients do well with this approach, but for those with unfavorable features, risk for distant recurrence and, ultimately, mortality can exceed 50%. Unfortunately, universally accepted data elucidating effective treatments to prevent recurrences and improve survival for such high-risk patients are lacking. Accordingly, opinions about the appropriate role of systemic therapy for patients with high-risk localized ESTS vary. This article reviews the current literature pertaining to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, concurrent chemoradiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk ESTS. All of these approaches are feasible and reasonable to consider. Ultimately, the decision to incorporate chemotherapy into the treatment regimen is best reached by discussion among an experienced multidisciplinary sarcoma team and should be tailored to the individual patient risk profile.
The American Society of Hematology and ASCO Curricular Milestones for Assessment of Fellows in Hematology/Oncology: Development, Reflection, and Next Steps
Authors: Collichio Frances , Muchmore Elaine A.
Published: June 2018

The American Society of Hematology (ASH)/ASCO Curricular Milestones is a tool for assessment and teaching for fellows in hematology/oncology. The expectations of the Next Accreditation System of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) was developed over years from the creation of the six core competencies in 1999 to the current data-driven outcomes-based system. The current internal medicine subspecialty milestones (ACGME reporting milestones) follow the general rubric of the general internal medicine milestones. The ASH/ASCO curricular milestones were developed from the foundational elements of the specialty, and they are interwoven with the ACGME reporting milestones. The 2017 ACGME Milestones Report shows that the milestones display progression in performance through clear anchors. Educational outcomes are available in many specialties. The internal medicine subspecialties have been given the opportunity to update the ACGME reporting milestones. The ACGME has acknowledged that these milestones may be different for each of the specialties. The program committees of ASH and ASCO agree that revision of the ACGME reporting milestones would decrease the overlap of domains, lack of clarity, and negative language that is present in version 1.0. ASH and ASCO are working with the ACGME and American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) to develop Curricular Milestones, version 2.0.
Integrating Social Media in Modern Oncology Practice and Research
Authors: Sedrak Mina S. , Attai Deanna J. , George Kevin , Katz Matthew S. , Markham Merry Jennifer
Published: June 2018

The widespread adoption and diffusion of social media provides oncology professionals with a unique and unprecedented opportunity to engage with the public. However, there remains a paucity of literature examining how clinicians and researchers can effectively use social media to complement modern oncology practice and research. In this review, we dissect the benefits and risks of professional social media use in oncology and offer several best practices for clinicians and researchers to achieve effective engagement. We also describe how to participate constructively in Twitter conversations at the time of medical or scientific conferences. Additionally, we demonstrate how to communicate appropriately and safely with patients and families online. Finally, we explore the exciting and nascent field of social media research and highlight the need to investigate its potential value in personalized cancer medicine.
More Than 50 Subtypes of Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Paving the Path for Histology-Driven Treatments
Authors: Katz Daniela , Palmerini Emanuela , Pollack Seth M.
Published: June 2018

Sarcomas are a diverse group of cancers with mesenchymal origin. Although sarcomas comprise less than 1% of cancers, there are more than 50 different subtypes that are quite different from one another in terms of both their biology and clinical behavior. Historically, the need for adequate patient numbers in clinical trials has pushed sarcoma researchers to lump these very different malignancies together and treat the patients using a “one-size-fits-all” approach. However, with improvements in our scientific understanding, we are finally ready for a histology-tailored therapeutic approach to these complex diseases. In this review, we discuss key advances in our understanding of the biology underlying selected sarcoma subtypes and how targeting these subtypes is relevant therapeutically with respect to both molecularly targeted agents as well as immunotherapy.
Bones in Multiple Myeloma: Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Zamagni Elena , Cavo Michele , Fakhri Bita , Vij Ravi , Roodman David
Published: June 2018

Bone disease is the most frequent disease-defining clinical feature of multiple myeloma (MM), with 90% of patients developing bone lesions over the course of their disease. For this reason, imaging plays a major role in the management of disease in patients with MM. Although conventional radiography has traditionally been the standard of care, its low sensitivity in detecting osteolytic lesions has called for more advanced imaging modalities. In this review, we discuss the advantages, indications, and applications of whole-body low-dose CT (WBLDCT),18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT, MRI, and other novel imaging modalities in the management of disease in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. We also review the state of the art in treatment of MM bone disease (MMBD) and the role of bisphosphonates and denosumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds and blocks the activity of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), which was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for MMBD.
A symphony of stem cells in Vienna – looking to the future
Authors: Porrello Enzo R. , Kirkeby Agnete
Published: June 2018

The inaugural ‘Symposium for the Next Generation of Stem Cell Research’ (SY-Stem) was held on February 22-24 at the Vienna BioCenter in Austria. The meeting focused on having young researchers as speakers, and the program was of an impressively high quality. Here, we summarise key findings from this meeting, which brought together emerging leaders to discuss various topics, including pluripotency, organoids, endogenous regeneration, transcriptional regulation, clinical applications and emerging technologies.
MIDDLE MIOCENE DIATOMITE- BEARING FORMATIONS FROM WESTERN ROMANIA
Authors: Codrea V. , Barbu Ο. , Bedelean H.
Published: June 2018

In Western Romania diatomite occurs only in the Lower Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) formations, as a consequence of intense volcanism developed in Apuseni Mountains and evolution of peculiar sedimentary basins connected to the Pannonian realm. The main basins with diatomite successions are Zar and and VadBorod. The diatomite preserves besides diatoms (centric and pennate) and other microfossils (dinoflagellates, ebriidinas, silicoflagellates, phytolites) assemblages a lot of macrofossils as plants (mainly foliar imprints), fish, reptiles and mammals. Several taxa are indicative for environment reconstruction. The Lower Sarmatian climate is estimate as wet warm temperate to subtropical. A tentative of both aquatic and land environments reconstruction is done.
SEDIMENTOLOGY AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF AN UPPER TRIASSIC CARBONATE SUCCESSION OF TRIPOLITZA PLATFORM IN MARI AREA, PARNON MOUNTAIN, SE PELOPONNESUS, GREECE
Authors: Kati M. , Zambetakis-Lekkas A. , Skourtsos E.
Published: June 2018

The Upper Triassic succession in the base of Tripolitza carbonate platform, in the Mari area of the Parnon Mt. in SE Peloponnesus, mostly consists of dolomites and to a lesser extent ofcalcitic dolomites. A detailed fades analysis and biostratigraphical study revealed that during Norian — Rhaetian times inter-supratidal and subtidal (shallow lagoonal) fades presenting cyclic development were deposited in the inner platform, similar to those that were formed in most of the Alpine platforms of the southern margin of the Tethys during the same time period. Diagenetic considerations further indicate that this shallow marine carbonate sedimentation was interrupted by subaerial exposure intervals and subsequent early lithification of the recently deposited sediments. The extensive and, mainly, early dolomitization and recrystallization, the presence of meteoric-vadose cements and specifically the repeated appearance of dolocrete horizons in the upper parts of many peritidal cycles, clearly show periodic subaerial exposure of the sediments, as well as the prevalence of semi-arid conditions in the area.
APPLICATION OF BEDS THICKNESS DISTRIBUTIONS IN TURBIDITE DEPOSITS OF MAVRI MITI AREA, SW GREECE
Authors: Konstantopoulos P. , Maravelis A. , Nikolaidou D. , Pantopoulos G. , Zelilidis A.
Published: June 2018

A physical outcrop, of 100m length and 110 m total thickness studied in combination with sedimentological analysis in detail (stratigraphie sequence, grain size, sedimentological structures) led us to determine the sedimentological environments and the particular subenvironments of each part of the partial stratigraphie sequence which is a proximal depositional environment. The sandstone bed thickness data measured in Mavri Miti area, demonstrates a curved distribution shape in the log-log plots. Where processes such as erosion and bed amalgamation are more significant there was observed a possible deviation from the power-law statistical distributions. The shape of cumulative distribution demonstrates possible proximal fan setting. The above two different approaches shows an agreement in relation to the depositional processes.
SIMILARITY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GREEK MIDDLE MIOCENE TO EARLY - MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE MAMMAL ASSEMBLAGES
Authors: Kostopoulos D. S. , Koufos G. D.
Published: June 2018

The Greek fossil record of small and large mammal Local Faunal Assemblages is studied and compared by means of cluster analysis techniques using Jaccard similarity index and unweighted pair-group method. The analysis allow recognizing a good arrangement of the Greek LFAs according to time and a main cluster gap, corresponding to an important faunal renewal that, however, is not synchronous in the large and small mammal community. Minor groupings of large mammal faunas seem also to fit with main climatic trends, whereas the small mammal assemblage appears to undergo longer periods oftaxonomic stability
TERRESTRIAL BIOTIC CRISES: PALEOBOTANICAL RECORD AND INTERPRETATION
Authors: Krassilov V. , Shuklina A.
Published: June 2018

The controversial problem of biotic crises is considered in relation to the Cretaceous - Tertiary and Permian - Triassic transboundary events in the nonmarine sequence of Far East and the Russian platform, respectively. In both cases, the floristic changes across the critical boundaries proceeded in few steps, none of which indicated a catastrophic destruction of plant communities. Rather the vegetational changes were related to a spread of continental climates, downslope migrations of altitudinal belts and deciduousness. Neither the end-Permian "fungal spike", nor the end-Cretaceous "fern spike" are supported by paleobotanical evidence. Incidentally, an increase of ferns in the transboundary plant-bearing sequences can be explained, upon the recent examples, by the rapid fern growth on the ash fallouts. A model of biotic crises is proposed, in which the intracratonic rifting and trap magmatism are causally related to the rise/spheric expansion of continental crust. A concerted impact of environmental changes was manifested at the beta level diversity in the first place, e.g. the reduction of wetlands and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems, with a consequential loss of their alpha diversity
GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION - STRATIGRAPHY OF FLORINA, PTOLEMAIDA, KOZANI AND SARADAPORO GRABEN
Authors: Metaxas A. , Karageorgiou D. E. , Varvarousis G. , Kotis Th. , Ploumidis M. , Papanikolaou G.
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research is to comprehend the geological and stratigraphical evolution of Fiorina, Ptolemaida, Kozani and Sarandaporo graben. This graben extends North of the Greek borders and is more than 150 Km long. The activity of big and profound faults ofNW-SE direction, in NW Macedonia, after the end of the Alpine orogenesis cycle and during the Early Miocene was related to the formations ' deposition. A large number of samples were collected from drill cores for the examination of palynology, paleoflora, fossils, and diatoms in order to determine the formations ' sequence and age. The basement and the borders of the depression, belong to the Pelagonian geotectonic zone. The deposition of the Early Neogene 's series is following. During the Late Pliocene the previous series, is developing into a lacustrine-marshland system, resulting to the deposition of Late Neogene's series formations. In the Quartenary the following formations are deposited: Proastion formation, Perdika formation, terrestrial, fluvial-terrestrial formation, recent formation. Four (4) phases of lignitogenesis have been specified, mainly in the Ptolemaida - Amynteo basin. In this graben they have been deposited the most important lignite deposits of Greece.
TORTONIAN CLYPEASTER FAUNA (ECHINOIDEA: CLYPEASTEROIDA) FROM GAVDOS ISLAND (GREECE
Authors: Tsaparas N. , Antonarakou A. , Marcopoulou-Diakantoni A. , Dermitzakis M. D. , Drinia H.
Published: June 2018

The Tortonian sediments of Gavdos Island (Greece) contain a rich and diverse echinoidfauna. Clypeasteroid (sand dollars) echinoids are an important component of this fauna and sixteen taxa are recognized. Of these, eleven species are new records for Gavdos Island. The present paper is an annotated species list along with notes on certain aspects of the ecology of the determined echinoderms.
UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, DRY UNIT WEIGHT AND FRACTURE PATTERNS OF ULTRABASIC ROCKS IN OTHRYS MOUNTAIN (CENTRAL GREECE): CORRELATIONS AND EVALUATION
Authors: Diamantis K. , Karamousalis Th. , Antoniou Vas. , Migiros G.
Published: June 2018

Ultrabasic rocks, taken from the Othrys mt. (Central Greece), are studied in this paper. The structural geology and tectonics of the study area are described. Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and dry unit weight (γ) values are calculated and fracture angles are measured. The results are statistically assessed and empirical relationships (exponential equations) between UCS and γ are presented for the ultrabasic roch, divided in Peridotites, Serpentinised Peridotites and Serpentinites. Due to the low correlation coefficient of the Serpentinised Peridotites, it was decided that the Serpentinised Peridotites and Serpentinites should be examined together. The correlation coefficient of the combined category is much better than the separate ones. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that the majority of the ultrabasic rocks tested were breaking at one angle (φ°), which mainly fluctuated between 75° and 90°. The fracture angles correlate with previously recognised geological (mainly tectonic) structures. The observed deviations are due to pétrographie variety, structural complexity, preferred orientation of olivine and orthopyroxene and internal imprinted tectonic deformation.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE STRESS FIELD IN EASTERN MACEDONIA AND THRACE
Authors: Gkarlaouni C. , Papadimitriou E. , Kilias A. , Falalakis G. , Gemitzi A.
Published: June 2018

Eastern Macedonia and Thrace are characterized by moderate seismicity compared to the adjacent North Aegean area, as it is derived from both historical information and instrumental records. The known strong (M>6.5) historical earthquakes that occurred during the past three centuries, however, have caused appreciable casualties and for this reason the seismic hazard assessment in the study area is of considerable social importance. These events (Didimoteiho earthquake (M=7.4) in 1752, Komotini earthquake (M=6.7) in 1784 and Drama earthquake (M=7.3) in 1829) are associated with a fault zone that runs the area of interest from west to east, in neighboring faults or fault segments. Their consequential occurrence is examined in the framework of the evolution of the stress field by the calculation of Coulomb stress that is due to their coseismic slips as well as the long term tectonic loading on the regional major faults. Geometry and kinematics of the faults are derived from macroseismic information and the field geologic examination of the active neotectonic structures that dominate in the region. The current pattern of stress changes provide indications of the areas where stress is increased and consequently possible sites for an impeding earthquake due to Coulomb stress transfer.
CASPIAN SEA GEODYNAMICAL EVOLUTION EFFECT ON THE SEA LEVEL CHANGING ALONG THE QUATERNARY PERIOD
Authors: Khoshravan H.
Published: June 2018

The Caspian Sea as the largest lake in the world has different characteristics considering geosciences (Fig. I). In fact sea level changing is the most important happening in this region. Annually fluctuation impact on surrounding coastal area has serious damage and human society meet frequent destroyed phenomena. In this paper we are trying to reconstruct rapid Sea level changing in Holocene epoch by use paleontology evidences such as: Mollusks fossil and sedimentary fades record. In this research 254 Quaternary sediment core samples from exploring petroleum wells (M-l, G3-A) have been evaluated considering above mentioned and also more than 130 sea bottom recent sediments on view of biofacies and biostratigraphy studied. Our investigation results show that in the Caspian Sea basin at the Holocene epoch there are many periodic sea level fluctuations and climatologie impact is most important agent for sea level changing in this basin. Data results are showing that in the studied area there were many periodic rapid sea levels changing during the Quaternary period. The Caspian Sea has several fluctuations along 10,000years ago and its latest begin about 25years ago. Finally we can conclude that Caspian Sea level fluctuation could continue at future similar past time and climatologie impact and tectonic movement are important agents for sea level changing in this region
NEOTECTONIC BASIN EVOLUTION IN CENTRAL-EASTERN MAINLAND GREECE: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Kranis H.
Published: June 2018

The neotectonic evolution of central-eastern mainland Greece (Sterea Hellas) is documented in the result of local extensional tectonics within a regional transtensional field, which is related to the westward propagation of the North Anatolian Fault. The observed tectonic structures within the neotectonic basins and their margins (range-bounding faults and fault zones, rotation of tectonic blocL·) suggest a close relation to the Parnassos Detachment Fault (PDF), which is a reused alpine thrust surface. Lokris basin (LB) occupied a central position in this neotectonic configuration, having received its first sediments in the Uppermost Miocene and subsequently been greatly affected by tectonic episodes, which continue until nowadays. LB is considered to have been separated from the present-day North Gulf of Evia not earlier than the Lower Pleistocene. Voiotihos Kifissos Basin, on the other hand, is tightly related to the activation of PDF, occupying the position of a frontal basin and having developed along the main detachment front.
THE TECTONIC SETTING OF THE OCTOBER 8 m 2005 EARTHQUAKE IN KASHMIR, NORTH PAKISTAN
Authors: Skourtsos E. , Lekkas E.
Published: June 2018

On the 8th of October 2005 an earthquake of magnitude 7.6 occurred in northern Pakistan. The earthquake epicenter was located in Pakistan Kashmir, 90 km north of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. The focal depth was 26 km triggered by a thrust fault striking NW-SE and of 40o dip angle towards the NE. The mean fault slip was estimated as 4 m. The aftershocks epicenters were located northeastwards of the Indus - Kohistan Seismic Zone. The structures that trace the activated fault were distributed along the southwestern limb of the Muzaffarabad anticline and grouped as structures of flexural-slip folding, structures that are correlated to folding and normal faults. The latter may represent overturned segments of the seismic fault on the high-angle limb of the Muzaffarrabad anticline. This anticline is located on the hanging wall of a thrust fault with geometry and kinematics characteristics similar to those of the Indus — Kohistan Seismic Zone. This zone, from the Hazara - Kashmir Syntaxis to the Swat River represents a blind thrust under the metamorphosed rocks of the Lower Himalayas, while in the region of Sub- Himalayas becomes a distinct structure. This thrust fault is linked in depth to the Main Himalaya Thrust through which, the cratonic basement of India is subducting under its sedimentary cover.
A NEW CONSIDERATION ABOUT THE ALMOPIA-PAIKON BOUNDARY BASED ON THE GEOLOGICAL MAPPING IN THE AREA OF NEROSTOMA-LAKKA (CENTRAL MACEDONIA, GREECE)
Authors: Tranos M. D. , Plougarlis A. P. , Mountrakis D. M.
Published: June 2018

Geological mapping along the boundary of Almopia and Paikon zone in the 'Nerostoma' region, NNW of Lakka village defines mafic volcanogenic rocL·, meta-pelites and radiolarites, thick-bedded to massive micritic limestones and flysch meta-sediments that dip mainly towards SW. Middle-Late Cretaceous fossiliferous limestones overlie unconformably the flysch meta-sediments and are characterised only by a primary foliation SO that dips at shallow angles to the NNW-N. Secondary foliations SI (sub-parallel to SO) and S2 are observed in the meta-clastic rocks. A Dl event caused Fl and progressively F2 folds to which S2 is the axial plane schistosity dipping to SW. This event which has not affected the fossiliferous limestones is related to an oblique convergence or inclined transpression during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. A D2 event dated in Early Tertiary caused an intense NE-thrusting and S-C cataclastic fabric defining top-to-the NE sense-of-shear. At many parts, the unconformity contact between the fossiliferous limestones and the underlying flysch is obliterated by this thrusting event. As a result, the boundary between Almopia and Paikon zones as paleo-geographically defined in this area seems to be meaningless for the Jurassic-Cretaceous times.
MAGMA INTRUSION IN 'PROTO-CALDERA CALDERA' SYSTEMS: EXAMPLE FROM THE NISYROS VOLCANO
Authors: Zouzias D. , St. Seymour K.
Published: June 2018

The interdependence of volcanism and tectonism has been focused upon in the last decade as a result of previously accumulated evidence, as well as, due to the application of remote sensing techniques in both these fields. Volcanoes depend on tectonic features such as faults for their positioning and operation and on petrotectonic environment for the chemistry of their magmas. Faults provide the plumbing system for magma ascent and therefore volcano localisation and distribution in space greatly depends on the tectonic pattern of an area. On the other hand, volcanoes locally imprint their volcanotectonic features such as radial and ring faults which result from cycles of magma replenishment (inflation) and evacuation (deflation) of magmatic reservoirs (magma chambers). Under this light, the area in the easternmost extremity of the Aegean Arc is being reconsidered. Our main preliminary findings of ongoing research in the area, using field and remote sensing methods indicate localization of volcanic activity on Kos and on the Datca Peninsula of Asian Minor since Miocene due to the northbounding faults of the Datca Graben. Localisation of volcanic vents and calderas in the Kos-Nisyros area follows intersection of a major tectonic line of northnorthwesterly trending faults the 'Kos-Nisyros-Tilos Line' with N50°E, N30°E and N20°W trending faults. On the well-preserved volcano ofNisyros the architecture of the volcanic edifice has significantly been affected by 'trap-door' volcanotectonics of a major volcanic infrastructure in the area namely the Kos-Caldera
Biodiversity changes along the Algerian coast (Southwest Mediterranean basin): from 1834 to 2017: A first assessment of introduced species
Authors: GRIMES SAMIR , BENABDI MOULOUD , BABALI NADHERA , REFES WAHID , BOUDJELLAL-KAIDI NAWAL , SERIDI HALIMA
Published: June 2018

“Introduced” species of the Algerian coast remains the most undocumented issue in the Mediterranean Sea. Only few studies were dedicated to Introduced species due to the lack of taxonomists. In-depth research on Introduced species along the Algerian coast should provide new data that could explain the spreading mechanisms in the southwestern part of the Mediterranean basin particularly near the Alboran Sea. Introduced species among other related research; of which the outcome is expected in the next few years, is in progress in the southwest Mediterranean basin. The aim of this work is to provide an inventory of available data pertaining to marine species “introduced” in Algerian waters, whether these species were introduced intentionally or accidentally. This large number of Introduced species records covers the period from 1834 to December 2017. Seventy “Introduced” species have been recorded along the Algerian coast, composed by 55.7% true aliens25.7 %  range expanding species, 15.7% cryptogenic species and 2,9% vagrant species, with a clear domination of fish (38.57%) and macroalgae (30%). Approximately 348 introduction events have been reported; 64,9 % of them belong to macroalgae and one sighting out of two is done in the central region. The distribution and the status of introduced species in Algeria were evaluated. In total, 20% of the Introduced species can be considered as established along the Algerian coast, in particular the macrophyta, Codium fragile and Ulva lactuca as well as the cryptogenic species, Oculina patagonica, while Asparagopsis armata, A. taxiformis and Caulerpa cylindracea are considered as invasive.
Fish assemblages along the coasts of Tunisia: a baseline study to assess the effectiveness of future Marine Protected Areas
Authors: BEN LAMINE EMNA , GUIDETTI PAOLO , ROMDHANE MOHAMED SALAH , FRANCOUR PATRICE
Published: June 2018

The present study investigated coastal fish assemblages, using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) transects, in Tunisia (south Mediterranean basin). The rationale behind this work is to get i) a suggestive evidence about the status of fish assemblages, and ii) baseline data at 3 locations in Tunisia where 3 MPAs will be established, before the implementation of protection measures. At each location, we used a sampling design where fish censuses were performed in two types of zone: zones that will be inside MPAs, and zones that will remain outside. On the whole, 49 taxa belonging to 19 families were censused. Data reveal clear symptoms of overfishing, especially in terms of dominance of small- and medium-sized individuals of commercially relevant species. Our analyses, moreover, did not show any significant difference in whole fish assemblage structures (considering both density and biomass), patterns of average species richness, total fish density and biomass, density and biomass of different trophic categories of fishes, size distribution of commercially relevant species, between future-protected and unprotected zones. Overall, results suggest that 1) current fish assemblages at the three studied locations are likely to be seriously impacted by fishing activities, and 2) these data could be used as reliable baselines to assess the effectiveness of protection measures within the MPAs that will be established in the future. Our study is the first in Tunisia, and in North African coasts, that assessed distribution patterns of coastal fish assemblages by means of UVC, using a formal spatially replicated sampling design for resource management.
First record of exotic Lysmatid shrimp Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Caridea: Lysmatidae) from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast
Authors: ABDELSALAM KHALED MAHMOUD
Published: June 2018

The present study deals with first record of the alien Lysmatid shrimp Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) collected in April 2017, from the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. A concise re-description supplied with illustrations, taxonomical remarks, habitat and distribution of the recorded species are provided.
Structure and temporal dynamics of a seaweed assemblage dominated by the invasive lineage 2 of Asparagopsis taxiformis (Bonnemaisoniaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Alboran Sea
Authors: ZANOLLA MARIANELA , CARMONA RAQUEL , DE LA ROSA JULIO , ALTAMIRANO MARÍA
Published: June 2018

Asparagopsis taxiformis is a rhodophycean species composed of six genetic lineages, one of which is considered a relevant invasive component of the Mediterranean flora. In the present study we describe seasonal changes of the structure and biomass of the native community associated to Asparagopsis taxiformis in Granada (Southern Spain). Native community was represented by 18 Rhodophyta, 3 Chlorophyta and 4 Ochrophyta species. Biomass was dominated by A. taxiformis and Halopteris filicina. While in January A. taxiformis accounted for only 16% of the community biomass, an explosive dominance was observed only two months later, representing more than 90% of the algal biomass. Furthermore, low and generally stable values of species richness, Shannon’s diversity index and evenness were recorded during the study period. Given that A. taxiformis gametophytes are present year round, they are likely to pose a constant stress to native community development. This survey provides baseline information of macroalgal community structure useful for further studies to assess the true impact of the invasive lineage of A. taxiformis.
Therapeutic interventions for acute complete ruptures of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb: a systematic review
Authors: Mikhail Mark , Wormald Justin C. R. , Thurley Neal , Riley Nicholas , Dean Benjamin J. F.
Published: June 2018

Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for acute complete rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the thumb in adults.

Methods:The following databases were searched: MEDLINE and EMBASE via OVID, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus via EBSCO, from database inception to 31stJanuary 2018. Inclusion criteria were: (i) randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) or study of intervention with a comparator; (ii) participants with diagnosis of acute complete rupture of the UCL of the thumb; (iii) participants aged 18 years of age or older at enrolment; and (iv) published in a peer-reviewed English-language journal.

Results:In total, six studies were identified for inclusion after screening. All studies had a high risk of bias. Three studies were retrospective comparative case series which compared two different surgical techniques (bone anchor versus pull out suture, suture versus pull out suture, suture versus steel wire). Of these studies, three were RCTs, two of which compared different rehabilitation regimes in patients managed surgically (plaster versus early mobilization, new spica versus standard spica). The remaining RCT compared two different rehabilitation regimes in a mixed group of surgically/non-surgically treated patients. The RCT comparing a standard spica with a new spica demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in outcomes with the new spica at all time points (range of motion, Dreiser index and VAS); this was also the only study to provide sufficient outcome data for further analysis.

Conclusion:There is no prospective evidence comparing surgery to non-operative treatment for acute complete ruptures of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb. There is weak evidence to suggest that early mobilisation may be beneficial following surgical repair. Further research is necessary to better define which patients benefit from which specific interventions.
THE ROLE OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM IN THE ORGANISM AND THE UNIVERSAL MECHANISMS OF CHANGING ITS ACTIVITY (REVIEW)
Authors: Дорофиенко Николай , Dorofienko Nikolay
Published: June 2018

The review summarizes and presents the results of studies of the biological role of the vascular endothelium in the body, the universal mechanisms of regulation of its activity and the disturbances of functions in various pathologies. The role of vasoconstrictive and vasodilating factors in the development of endothelial dysfunction is shown. The importance of hypoxia in the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction and the role of hormones in the regulation of vascular endothelium functions is considered. A particular attention is paid to universal mechanisms of endothelium involvement in the onset and development of pathological conditions during pregnancy. The role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of gestosis development is discussed. There were summarized the data about the study of endothelial mechanisms of regulation of contractile reactions of the vessels of placenta.
Social Media and the Development of Shared Cognition: The Roles of Network Expansion, Content Integration, and Triggered Recalling
Authors: Leonardi Paul M.
Published: June 2018

This study explores whether employees who have access to social media are more likely than employees who do not to develop shared cognition—similar perceptions of what and whom coworkers know. It also uncovers the behaviors associated with social media that allow employees to develop such shared cognition about their coworkers’ knowledge and social structures. I conducted a multimethodological, longitudinal field study of the use of one type of social media—a social networking site—by employees at a large financial services organization. In this paper, I draw on comparative data from two matched-sample groups within the same organization to show that users of the social networking site developed their cognition through three interrelated processes—network expansion, content integration, and triggered recalling. Because all members of the organization enacted this process with data from the same common pool (content on the social networking site), their cognitions became shared. A difference-in-differences estimation showed that shared cognition developed much more strongly over six months in the group that used the social networking site than the group that did not use it.
The Paradox of Responsive Authoritarianism: How Civic Activism Spurs Environmental Penalties in China
Authors: Marquis Christopher , Bird Yanhua
Published: June 2018

Recognizing the need to better understand institutional change processes in authoritarian states, which play an increasingly prominent role in the world economy, we examine the efficacy of civic activism aimed at spurring governmental action concerning the environmental performance of firms in China. We highlight the paradox of “responsive authoritarianism” on display in China: to avoid needing to rule by coercion alone, the government seeks citizens’ feedback and tolerates pressures for change, but at the same time it resists the associated legitimacy threats regarding its capacity to rule. Local governments and the media play crucial and dual roles in this system: they mitigate change pressures from civic activism that takes place within the state’s systems, but they magnify change pressures from publicly visible civic activism occurring outside those systems. We test our conceptual model using a unique data set of environmental penalties imposed on Chinese publicly listed firms from 2007 to 2011. Our findings contribute to understanding processes of institutional change and outcomes of social movements.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1212 .
Non-antibiotic antimicrobial interventions and antimicrobial stewardship in wound care
Authors: Cooper Rose , Kirketerp-Møller Klaus
Published: June 2018

Control of wound infection today relies largely on antibiotics, but the continual emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms threatens a return to the pre-antibiotic era when physicians used antiseptics to prevent and manage infection. Some of those antiseptics are still used today, and others have become available. A diverse variety of non-antibiotic antimicrobial interventions are found on modern formularies. Unlike the mode of action of antibiotics, which affect specific cellular target sites of pathogens, many non-antibiotic antimicrobials affect multiple cellular target sites in a non-specific way. Although this reduces the likelihood of selecting for resistant strains of microorganisms, some have emerged and cross-resistance between antibiotics and antiseptics has been detected. With the prospect of a post-antibiotic era looming, ways to maintain and extend our antimicrobial armamentarium must be found. In this narrative review, current and emerging non-antibiotic antimicrobial strategies will be considered and the need for antimicrobial stewardship in wound care will be explained.