bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeding and Breeding Management Practices of Dairy Cattle in Surajpur District of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Bhagat Vandana , Bhonsle D. , Nety Shraddha , Dinkar Paroshree , Yogi Sourabh , Nandanwar Arvind K. , Soni Anupam
Published: January 2022

Nutritional requirement is exceptionally important and breeding practice is decisive factor for improvement of farm animals. The present field survey was conducted in district Surajpur of Chhattisgarh state to find out feeding and breeding management practice carried out by farmers. A predesigned questionnaire schedule formulated and data were collected from randomly selected 200 household of 10 village of district Surajpur. Heat detection on the basis of symptoms and artificial insemination as method of breeding was adopted by majority of farmers. Data regarding feeding practices reveal that 1/3rd farmers followed stall feeding and 2/3rd were using stall feeding along with grazing. Concentrate feeding practiced by 2/3rd respondents. Paddy and wheat straw was the main source of dry fodder in studied area.
Impact of Targeted Bundles to Reduce the Nebulization Time Gap from Prescription to Administration among Red Triaged Patients in Emergency Department: An Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Sachdeva Seema , Kumar Akshay , Aggarwal Parveen
Published: January 2022

Background: Severe exacerbation of asthma are potentially life-threatening and therefore require prompt care and frequent management. Important aspects of early treatment includes recognition of early signs and symptoms of breathing difficulty and timely prescription and administration of therapeutic agents. A subsequent delay in receiving nebulization during an acute exacerbation of asthma can leads to cardiac arrest and even death.

Aim: To reduce the gap in administration of nebulization from its prescription time among red triaged patients by 50% from its baseline.

Setting and Design: This interventional study was conducted among red triaged patients in emergency department of tertiary care hospital, India.

Material and Methods: Baseline information was collected during first 4 weeks to find gap in administration of nebulization from its prescription time. Fish bone analysis and process map were laid down to analyse the situation. The intervention using targeted bundles was done via 3 PDSA (PDSA1: indenting the nebulizers, PDSA 2: training of doctors and nurses, PDSA 3; introducing equipment checklist) to reduce the gap. A run chart using time series analysis model was used to compare the pre and post intervention nebulization gap.

Results:  Total 74 patients (30 in pre- intervention, 44 in post intervention) admitted in red triaged area were observed for nebulization gap from prescription to administration. Median time for nebulization gap before intervention was 46.5 minutes which reduced to 15 minutes in post intervention phase.

Conclusion: This bundles of targeted interventions was successful to reduce the nebulization gap.
Treatment Outcome of Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Registered at DOTS Centre in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Authors: Noronha Anitha Victoria , Madhu B. , Jayaraj B. S.
Published: January 2022

Aim: To compare the personal variables, clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) patients.

Settings and Design: A Retrospective observational study was conducted in Directly Observed Treatment Short term (DOTS) centre of teaching hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka state in India from December 2019 to December 2020.

Methods and Materials: All newly diagnosed patients were registered and followed up during their course of treatment to assess treatment outcome. Data is collected by using personal variable proforma and clinical characteristic form.

Results: Among 197 tuberculosis (TB) patients’ 120(60.91%) were suffering with EPTB and the remaining 77(39.08%) have the PTB. Majority 101(51.26%) patients were diagnosed by microbiological confirmation and remaining 96(48.73%) were clinically diagnosed. Even though majority 140 (71.06%) completed the treatment only 10(5.07%) were cured. About 16(8.12%) TB patients have treatment failure and were lost to follow up. The treatment success rate was (0.5%). Confirming the presence of TB by microbiologically and clinically is having influence in diagnosis of EPTB, as well as consumption of alcohol was having statistical significance inferring these clinical characteristics having influence in developing EPTB. Residence of the patient is a risk factor for the treatment outcome as per calculated odds ratio

Conclusion: The mean treatment success rate of PTB patients was 80.59% and in EPTB was 73.33%. The treatment success rate was not significantly affected by gender, age and type of TB. .
Natural Mycorrhization, Mineral Uptake, Total Polyphenols and Total Flavonoids of Oat as Affected by Tillage Practices under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Chaieb Nadia , Labidi Sonia , Chiab Abdel Karim , Ali Idoudi Zied Ben , Jeddi Faysal Ben , Ben-Hammouda Moncef
Published: January 2022

Aims: As conservation agriculture have been proposed as an option to limit conventional agriculture impact and to ensure sustainability and food security. This study examined the effect of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) on mycorrhization rate, mineral elements uptake, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of oat during tillering.

Study Design: Split-plot design was applied for this study.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the referential farm for direct drilling (Krib, Siliana) situated in northwestern Tunisia during 2015/2016 cultivation year.

Methodology: Mycorrhization rate (MR), mineral elements uptake, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of oat were studied as affected by conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) during tillering stage.

Results: The results showed that tillage practices (T) had no significant effect on mycorrhization rate, mineral uptake, total phenolic content and total flavonoids content under rainfed conditions. Even if NT had no significant effect on MR, higher rates were noted for NT compared to CT.

Conclusion: This study extends our knowledge on oat mycorrhization, mineral elements uptake, TPC and TFC as affected by tillage practices to advance results helping decision makers for no tillage adoption upscaling in Tunisia under rainfed conditions.
Yield and Yield Attributes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as Influenced by Planting Dates and Weed Management Systems
Authors: Dubey Tej Pratap , Chaudhary Rajan Sagar
Published: January 2022

Chickpea is one of the major winter legumes of Nepal, grown in terai and inner terai predominantly. To ascertain the degree of variation exhibited by the weed management practices at different stages of chickpea crop growth due to influence of dates of sowing, an experiment was conducted during rabi season of consecutive years (2018-19 and 2019-20) at the farmer’s field in Bhairahawa, Rupandehi district, Lumbini Province, Nepal. This location has a typical sub tropical climate characterized by hot, dry summer and cool winter. The field experiment consisted of two factors: dates of sowing and weeds management practices and was conducted in split plot design with three replications. Three dates of sowing i.e. 10th November, 25th November and 5th December were allocated under main plot and eight weed management practices i.e. weedy, weed free (two hands weeding at 30 and 60 DAS), Pendimethalin(PRE)@1kg a.i. ha-1, Quizalofop(POST)@50g a.i. ha-1, Imazethapyr (POST)@37.5g a.i. ha-1, Pendimethalin (PRE)@1kg a.i. ha-1 followed by Quizalofop (POST) @50g a.i. ha-1, Pendimethalin (PRE)@1kg a.i. ha-1 followed by Imazethapyr (POST)@ 37.5 g a.i. ha-1 and Pendimethalin (PRE)@1kg a.i. ha-1  followed by mechanical weeding. The maximum and the minimum yield attributes were found to be significantly different in the 10th November-sown crop and the 5th December-sown crop, respectively. The Harvest index was recorded maximum under Pendimethalin (PRE) treated crop. Among herbicides, Pendimethalin (PRE) followed by Quizalofop (POST) recorded more values of yield attributes and yield while that  were the minimum in Imazethapyr treatment due to its phytotoxic effect on the crop, so use of this herbicide is not recommended pulse crops like chickpea. It is vital to conduct further research in these areas to bring out eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives.
Fractions of Soil Potassium and their Depthwise Distribution under Long-Term Nutrient Management Practices in Semiarid Alfisols in India
Authors: Saritha J. D. , Sridevi S. , Ramprakash T. , Ramana M. V. , Chary D. Srinivasa
Published: January 2022

A field experiment was conducted on a long-term experimental plot during  two consecutive rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, PJTSAU. The experimental soil was non-saline, neutral in reaction with sandy loam texture. Different forms of soil potassium were studied with six different nutrient management practices in randomized block design with four replications. The results of pooled data of two years study revealed that significantly higher contents of water soluble potassium (17.77 mg kg-1), exchangeable potassium (568 mg kg-1), nonexchangeable potassium  (999 mg kg-1) and Total potassium (1.80%) in surface layer (0-15 cm) at flowering were recorded with integrated application of 50% N through FYM and 50% N through chemical fertilizers and it was on par with treatment applied 100% RDF through chemical fertilisers and significantly superior over other organic nutrient management treatments. A similar trend was observed at all soil depths (15-30, 30-45, 45-60 cm) and all the contents were decreased from flowering to harvest. All potassium forms decreased with increasing  the depth except non exchangeable K. All the fractions were found to be significant in surface layer (0-15 cm). The contribution of different forms of soil K to Total K was in the order of non-exchangeable K> exchangeable K> water soluble K and similar trend was observed in all soil layers.
Kenyan Exports: Tax Incentives, Firm Traits, Firm-Level, and Macroeconomic Determinants
Authors: Mutuku Cyrus , Sirengo Joseph , Omar Mohamed
Published: January 2022

This study sought to understand the traits of the Kenyan exporter, what drives exports performance, and how the exporter responds to targeted policy measures. A two-stage approach to modelling was used. In the first stage, the firm’s decision to export was done in a panel logistic model. In stage two, the drivers of export volumes at the macro-level were estimated using a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. The panel econometric modelling method was applied to 118,380 firm-level data spanning 2014 to 2019. While firm-specific characteristics (age, size, access to credit, labour intensity, and labour quality) affect exports, government policy informs of tax incentives may not create a substantial difference in the decision and volume of exports at the firm level. Exporting firms are labour intensive. The results of a VAR model using time series data from 1960 to 2020 confirm the firm-level analysis. Kenya exports are more driven by local production capacity than world demand. Secondly, exports are more labour responsive than capital responsive at a macro level. Local productivity capacity is significantly labour-driven than capital-driven. Therefore, labour-targeted policies would be more impactful. Exports response to local production capacity is instantaneous while a period of 3.5 years lapses before exports respond significantly to world-changing demand.
Dual Fueling a Lister Diesel Engine with Producer Gas Generated from Wastepaper and Biosolids
Authors: Bates Richard , Dölle Klaus
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate if wastepaper and biosolids can be used to dual-fuel a small diesel generator with producer gas produced by a tiny Imbert style downdraft gasifier. The waste paper was formed into 20 cm³ to 60 cm³ chunks, dried to a 6% moisture content and gasified. The energy potential that could be provided was up to 3.24 kWh/kg at a diesel usage of 60 ml/6 min

Chunks made from Wastepaper and biosolids showed a higher energy output of up to 9.23 kWh/kg at a diesel usage of 45 ml/6 min. run. However, chunks containing waste paper showed not to be a valid fuel option due to its low density, difficulty to gasify, tar production, and tendency to hang up in the gasifier, which caused difficulties in the gasifier and engine and system operation overall.

Biosolids chunks with a volume of 15 cm³ have the potential to provide up to 3.6 kWh/kg at a diesel usage of 5 ml/6min without operational problems in regards to tar formation and operational stability and energy generated by the genset system.

A ton of biosolids could generate up to 3,600 kWh of energy. Additional savings for disposal of biosolids including trucking could be realized based.
Preparation and Standardization of an Anti-Oxidant Poly-Herbal Formulation: Prospective Anti-Cancer Medicine
Authors: . Farah-Saeed , Akhter H. , Raza U. , Ali M. W. , Nasir H.
Published: January 2022

Oxidative stress is a causative factor leading to many pathological states. Herbs are one of the natural source of anti-oxidants. Anti-oxidants may safely interact with free radicals to counterbalance or bring to an end the chain reaction before damage may occur at cellular level in any major organ. The purpose of the study was to prepare and standardize an anti-oxidant poly-herbal formulation. The active ingredients of the formulation include; Curcuma longa, Nigella sativa, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinalis and Cinnamon zeylanicum. The formulation may reduce oxidative stress and be of benefit in patients suffering from inflammatory diseases including cancer patients. It may be especially of value in preventing cancer in susceptible population with genetic tendency. Standardization of the formulation was carried out for assessment of its safety, efficacy and quality. The tests performed included; macroscopic evaluation, microscopic analysis, fluorescence analysis, preliminary physical property, phyto-chemical analysis, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and cytotoxicity studies. The formulation exhibited positive results against the properties evaluated. The standardization of the preparation was done and the results found are being used for pre-clinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, the results of the study maybe be used as a standard for future reference.
Lights and Shadows of Rituximab in Dermatology
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Danny Geo , Renuka Sane Roja , Salam Arisha
Published: January 2022

Rituximab is a CD 20 monoclonal antibody drug used in various spectrum of diseases today. It has proven to be a boon, especially in the field of dermatology. Although Rituximab was initially introduced as a novel method to treat B-cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma, its use has rapidly expanded to include a number of other Lymphomas and Autoimmune diseases.This review is to give a bird’s eye view of updates on rituximab.

Conclusion: With its horizons expanding in dermatology, and with better information regarding its efficacy and safety profile, Rituximab has now become an approved first‑line therapy for pemphigus. In conclusion, Rituximab has proven to be a substantial boon for dermatologists in difficult to treat cases.
Varicose Vien (Risk Factors and Prevalence) in KSA – Questionnaier Study
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Masoud Ahmad , Alghamdi Rakan Abdullah , Alsheikh Baiader Saleh , Alharthi Mohammed Abdulaziz , Alqurashi Abdullah Saad , Alqurashi Emad Yousef , Althunayyan Ruwaydah Abdulaziz , Awaji Mishal Mohammed , Alanazi Abdulaziz Munahi , Alzahrany Ahmed Mosa , Khoj Abdulrahman Muwaffaq , Abdulqader Abdullah Ata , Alsharif Alya Faisal , Abumilha Amjad Khalid , Alshuqayfi Abeer Mousa
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between different variables (namely: age group, gender, risk factors like smoking history, alcohol consumption, long duration of sitting and standing hours, family history of varicosities, history of leg trauma or surgery, frequent constipation, pregnancy more than once, and hormonal therapies including OCPs) and the presence of varicose veins. Also, the purpose is to determine the prevalence of varicose veins among the sample taken in the study, and the prevalence of the different symptoms and complication among this population.

A significant relationship was found between the presence of varicose veins and age group, gender, alcohol consumption, long duration of sitting and standing hours, family history of varicosities, history of leg surgery, frequent constipation, pregnancy more than once, and hormonal therapies including OCPs. The results are concordant, in most parts of this study, with the previous studies in different times and regions, done for the nearly similar purposes.
Case Report on Sickle Cell Anemia in Children
Authors: Itkalwar Subodh , Ankar Ruchira , Sharma Ranjana
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Sickle cell anemia is a kind of severe hemolytic anemia caused by the sickle haemoglobin (HbS) gene, which results in a faulty haemoglobin molecule. The term "sickle cell disease" refers to a set of genetic illnesses affecting red blood cells. People with sickle cell disease have irregularly formed red blood cells, which might be troublesome since they don't stay as long as healthy blood cells once they reach the state of blood arteries.

Clinical findings:

Progressive Anemia

Mild jaundice

Fever

Headache

Growth retardation

Superaded bacterial infection

Enlarge hurtNon healing ulcer

Organ failure

Abdominal pain with distension

Joint pain

Diagnostic Evaluation: Abdominal pain, fever, Hb (8.5 gm%), Abdomen swelling, Increase abdominal girth, pain in joint and irritability.

Ultrasonography:  Abdominal USG.

Therapeutic Investigation: Inj. Ceftriaxone 1mg BD, Inj pantoprazole 20mg OD, Inj. Neomole 30ml SOS, Inj. Tramadol 0.4mg TD S, Cap. Hydra 500mg OD, syr. syncoria 5ml OD, Tab. Folic Acid 5mg OD.

Outcome: All the investigation of the patient is done and the patient is diagnosed as sickle cell anemia.

He showed significant progress after receiving therapy, and the treatment was kept ongoing until my last date of care.

Conclusion: A male child of 8 yrs was brought to AVBRH on by his parents with a complaint of abdomen pain with distension, Pain in joints, irritability and he was admitted to pediatric ward. All the investigation of the patient is done and the patient is diagnosed as sickle cell anemia. He improved dramatically after receiving therapy, and the treatment was continued until my final date of care.
Role of Tocolytics in Preterm
Authors: Sharma Samriddhi , Pajai Sandhya , Jajoo Shubhada
Published: January 2022

Tocolytics are the drugs that are used to prolong the time of child birth, for a short period - up to 2 days. If the labour starts too early during pregnancy also termed as preterm birth, which is supposed to be one of the major cause of neonatal mortality and  morbidity, all over the world. Administration of tocolytic agents can help in preterm labour to delay the preterm labour by 48 hours. Tocolytics temporarily slow the contractions and hence it is possible to transport the patient to a hospital, where specialized care can be provided to premature baby and also corticosteroids can be administered, which  help mature the baby’s lungs. Different class of drugs are studied as tocolytics. Beta-Adrenergic receptor agonists like Terbutaline, Ritodrine, Fenoterol, Metaproterenol, Hexoprenaline, Albuterol, Orciprenaline, Nylidrin. Calcium channel blockers like Nicardipine and Nifedipine. Magnesium Sulfate. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories or prostaglandin inhibitors like Indomethacin, and Oxytocin inhibitors like Atosiban were found effective in different studies with some side effects, are discussed here briefly. Some Nitrates, alcohol, Progesterone have also been tried with not much significant effect. Calcium channel blocker specially Nifedipine is most studied and found to be safer and effective for tocolysis. Individual uterine relaxant therapy should take into account  individual  differences in  metabolism and response to drugs.. Short term use of tocolytics has been proven more effective and safer than longer use of it for pre-term labour.
Assess the Psychological Resilience on Academic Stress and Social Support among Nursing Students
Authors: Lacharwar Neha , Mahadule Nikita , Maishkar Sarika , Mandaokar Manisha , Ankar Ruchira , Wagh Pranali
Published: January 2022

Background of Study: Because of staffing shortages and other issues related with nursing practice. Nursing is progressively more intensive & is considered a difficult profession. Nursing students face more educational stress than students in other disciplines since they must modify to varied hospital environments for practice and are vulnerable to a wide range of while emplacement, clients' health, along with ageing & deaths, were discussed. They must deal with the emotional and educational pressures that come with patient care. All of these precursors have the potential to promote pressure and mental problems, just like fear, and concern, and depression. 1) To assess nursing students' mental resiliency. 2) To assess the educational pressure and the social support. 3) To assess the correlation between demographic variable in nursing students.

Methodology: A descriptive research design was used in this study. 300 nursing students were studied for mental strength, educational pressure, and social support using a probability sample technique.

Conclusion: As a result, it is critical that nursing students, in particular, can handle pressure because it will effect educational progress and, as a result, student skills in the field of clinical nursing. And this has an impact on patient treatment.
The Hypoglycemic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Medicinal Plants of Uzbekistan and Their Probiotic Potential
Authors: Amirsaidova D. I. , Bekmurodova G. A. , Miralimova Sh. M. , Imamaliev B. A.
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the medicinal plants possessing antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties growing in Uzbekistan and analyze their prоbiotic properties.

Four plant isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and three commercial strains were used in the study. Alimentary hyperglycemia was induced in white outbred rats, and glucose level was measured before and after treatment with lactic acid bacteria according to the experiment scheme using an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test.

The investigation was shown that strains of Lactobacillus kunkeei 1, L. рlantarum TK1, L. рlantarum KA3, Enterococcus faecium effectively reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in rats. Moreover, evaluation of their probiotic properties: sensitivity to antibiotics, simulated gastric juice, simulated juice of small intestine, bile, and elevated concentration of sodium chloride, demonstrated that the strains Enterococcus faecium 1, Lactobacillus kunkeei 1, L. рlantarum TK1, L. рlantarum KA3 meet the criteria for probiotics.

These strains could be considered promising candidates for the preparation of probiotic preparations intended not only to correct gut microbiota but also to maintain normal blood glucose levels.
A Case Report on Nursing Care of Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Zade Pornima Dnyaneshwarro , Sakharwade Prerana , Gujar Samruddhi , Sawarkar Achita , Khandar Jaya , Dhengare Archana , Gomase Kavita , Kasturkar Pooja
Published: January 2022

We present a case of a rare craniopharyngioma in the left temporal lobe that developed after no prior brain trauma or surgery. Craniopharyngiomas are slow-growing benign tumours that affect the sellar and parasellar portions of the central nervous system. The incidence of this tumour is roughly 2/100,000. The majority of individuals experience neurological (headaches, visual abnormalities) and endocrine (growth retardation, rapid puberty) disorders over time 13.

Case presentation: After undergoing biopsy, M.R.I., and C.T., a 45 year old man was admitted to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital on 13/02 2021 with the main complaint of blurring of vision in right eye, headache, polyurea since 5 month, polydipsia, and altered behavior since 2 month. After a C.T. Scan, the patient was diagnosed with a craniopharyngioma.

Conclusion: The patient was admitted to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital with blurred vision in the right eye, headache, polyurea, polydipsia, and altered conduct as his known causes. Going to follow all of the tests, the patient was diagnosed with a craniopharyngioma still the patient requires medical attention and appropriate nursing care.
The Effect of Dental Care during Orthodontic Treatment: Systematic Review
Authors: Alanazi Laila Mohammed , Alturaif Dalal Jumah , Alhuzaimi Raed Saud , Alarwan Nouf Abdullah , Almubarak Rawan Abdulaziz , Alabsi Aljawharah , Alothman Sahar , Alrubayqi Manal , Aldhahri Ghith Fayez , Bahaziq Amatulrehman , Sultana Fatima
Published: January 2022

The maintenance of stringent oral hygiene practices is imperative during orthodontic treatment in order to prevent plaque from accumulating over braces and other orthodontic appliances, leading to gingivitis inflammation and periodontal disease. Consequently, an orthodontist is responsible for providing advice to patients about oral hygiene to maintain periodontal health and for monitoring plaque control measures. In spite of their orthodontist's recommendation, most orthodontic patients do not follow their recommended instructions on how to maintain a satisfactory level of plaque control. We conducted our systematic review of literature in English. During the initial re-examination phase, there were no filters applied to ensure all studies were available for subsequent screening. Filters like human studies were added later, with English language studies being the only ones added. We found nine articles related to orthodontic treatment, and their relation to dental care, during our literature review. It is essential to maintain good oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment to reduce iatrogenic demineralization and caries. When a patient's DMFS score is high, prophylaxis programs are necessary during orthodontic treatment.
Crystal structure of the Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR) domain of IL‐1R10 provides structural insights into TIR domain signalling
Authors: Nimma Surekha , Gu Weixi , Manik Mohammad K. , Ve Thomas , Nanson Jeffrey D. , Kobe Bostjan
Published: January 2022

The Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR) domains are key innate immune signalling modules. Here, we present the crystal structure of the TIR domain of human interleukin‐1 receptor 10 (IL‐1R10), also called interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein like 2. It is similar to that of IL‐1R9 (IL‐1RAPL1) but shows significant structural differences to those from Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and the adaptor proteins MyD88 adaptor‐like protein (MAL) and MyD88. Interactions of TIR domains in their respective crystals and the higher‐order assemblies (MAL and MyD88) reveal the presence of a common ‘BCD surface’, suggesting its functional significance. We also show that the TIR domains of IL‐1R10 and IL‐1R9 lack NADase activity, consistent with their structures. Our study provides a foundation for unravelling the functions of IL‐1R9 and IL‐1R10.
Provider Specialty and the Use of Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Older Adults in the 2005‐2016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
Authors: Lee Jiha , Chang Chiang‐Hua , Yung Raymond , Bynum Julie P. W.
Published: January 2022

Objective

We compared disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use for older adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)‐related ambulatory visits from rheumatologists and primary care providers (PCPs).

Methods

In this study of national sample office visits, we characterized ambulatory visits by older adults 65 years of age or older seen by rheumatologists or PCPs for diagnosis of RA using the 2005‐2016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We analyzed patterns and trends of DMARD use using descriptive statistics and multivariable analyses by provider specialty.

Results

We identified 518 observations representing 7,873,246 ambulatory RA visits by older adults over 12 years; 74% were with rheumatologists. Any DMARD use was recorded at 56% of rheumatologist and 30% of PCP visits. Among visits with any DMARD use, 20% of rheumatologist visits had two or more DMARDs compared with 6% of PCP visits. Over the 12‐year study period, there was no statistical difference in trend of any or conventional synthetic DMARD use at visits by provider specialty, adjusted for patient characteristics, non‐DMARD polypharmacy and multimorbidity. However, biologic DMARD use was more likely to incrementally increase with rheumatologist compared with PCP visits (P = 0.003).

Conclusion

DMARD use for older adults with RA remains low from both rheumatologists and PCPs, including biologic DMARDs, even though American College of Rheumatology guidelines recommend earlier and more aggressive treatment of RA. With predicted shortages in the rheumatology workforce and maldistribution of rheumatology providers, PCPs may play an increasingly important role in caring for older adults with RA. Further research is needed to understand to optimize appropriate use of DMARDs in older patients with RA.
Optically Induced Nonlinear Cubic Crystal System for 3D Quasi‐Phase Matching
Authors: Chen Yesheng , Yang Chen , Liu Shan , Wang Sen , Wang Ningning , Liu Yongxing , Sheng Yan , Zhao Ruwei , Xu Tianxiang , Krolikowski Wieslaw
Published: January 2022

Quasi‐phase matching (QPM) is a technique in nonlinear optics for achieving efficient energy exchange among optical waves at different frequencies, by spatially modulating the quadratic nonlinearity (χ
(2)) of the medium. To realize the full potential of QPM, 3D spatial modulation of χ
(2) is required. This has become experimentally feasible recently thanks to the invention of femtosecond laser‐based nonlinearity engineering in ferroelectric crystals. Herein, the first experimental demonstration of QPM second harmonic generation (SHG) in a nonlinear cubic crystal system is presented, in which χ
(2) modulations form simple cubic, body‐centered cubic, face‐centered cubic, and diamond cubic lattices, respectively. The experimental results indicate that these nonlinear cubic structures share the same primary reciprocal lattice vectors (RLVs), but possess different Fourier coefficients (in conventional cells), leading to SHG with similar angular resonances but various intensity distributions in the far field. This work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of nonlinear optical processes in 3D periodic media, and thus sheds light on the development of high‐performance QPM devices.
The Systematic Study on the Stability and Superconductivity of Y‐Mg‐H Compounds under High Pressure
Authors: Song Peng , Hou Zhufeng , de Castro Pedro Baptista , Nakano Kousuke , Takano Yoshihiko , Maezono Ryo , Hongo Kenta
Published: January 2022

Structural stabilities of high‐pressure YMgHxphases (, and 16) and their superconductivities are investigated by employing evolutionary‐algorithm‐based crystal search combined with first‐principles calculations. For predicted candidate structures of YMgHx, the convex hull and phonon analyses reveal seven stable and two metastable phases. For all the predicted phases, superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) are also predicted by using the McMillan formula. ‐YMgH6is found having K at 300 GPa comparable to the boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen, and high‐Tc(≥77 K) being predicted for the H‐richer phases, ‐YMgH8(124 K at 300 GPa), ‐YMgH12(152 K at 250 GPa), and ‐YMgH12(190 K at 200 GPa), which possess clathrate structures composed of H14, H18, H24, and H24cages, respectively. To elucidate why the H‐rich phases attain high‐Tc, electronic and phonon band structures as well as electron–phonon coupling strength are analyzed based on Eliashberg spectral functions. The clathrate structures exhibit both a larger H‐driven electronic density of states at the Fermi level and a denser H‐driven phonon density of states, correlating with larger EPC constants. These structural and chemical bonding analyses reveal that the highest‐Tcphase ‐YMgH12has H4units formed in the sodalite cage.
Abnormal ear development in corn: A review
Authors: Ortez Osler A. , McMechan Anthony J. , Hoegemeyer Thomas , Ciampitti Ignacio A. , Nielsen Robert , Thomison Peter R. , Elmore Roger W.
Published: January 2022

Intensive study for more than 100 yr has resulted in a good understanding of corn's (Zea mays L.) growth and development. However, abnormal development of ears in corn was reported in several U.S. states, including Texas, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois, during 2016, stretching our understanding. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to identify abnormal ears’ symptoms, causes, and timing of development. This study aimed to (a) describe and summarize previously reported ear symptoms, (b) document recent widespread symptoms of major concern, and (c) describe our current understanding of the potential cause(s) and expected development timing for abnormal ears. In total, 10 previously reported symptoms of corn ears were found, including tassel, fasciated, arrested, pinched, blunt, silk‐balled, incomplete kernel set, banana‐shaped, zipper, and tipped‐back. Three additional recent widespread symptoms of major concern associated with significant yield reduction across a wide area in 2016 were described: multi‐ears, barbell‐ears, and short‐husk ears. The information available on several of the symptoms was limited, and the specific causes were unknown, highlighting the need for more research in this area. Despite this and based on existing knowledge, possible causal factors and postulated development timing (i.e., when the stress may have occurred) are presented for all symptoms. Abnormal ear development can be seen as the response to complex interactions among genetics, environment, and management practices. Ear abnormalities are detrimental to grain yield and quality, and their mitigation is imperative to efficient corn systems, crop resiliency, and sustainability.
Prices, specialty varieties, and postharvest practices: Insights from cacao value chains in Ecuador
Authors: Villacis Alexis H. , Alwang Jeffrey R. , Barrera Victor , Dominguez Juan
Published: January 2022

Efforts to improve cacao value chains often assume that production of fine and flavor varieties will raise smallholder incomes. Undertaking postharvest practices of fermentation and drying is another exercise assumed to increase value‐added capture by smallholder producers. This study employs household data from 340 cacao farms in 15 villages in coastal Ecuador during 2018 to empirically assess these assumptions. Contrary to the common belief of the international development community, we find that the production of fine and flavor cacao varieties has no association with the price received by small‐scale producers. This is mainly due to (i) low productivity and (ii) nonexistent price premiums. Findings also suggest that the use of postharvest practices of fermentation and drying may lead to substantial price responses irrespective of the type of variety grown. The results presented here have implications for program interventions aimed at increasing farmer revenue. Programs promoting the use of fine and flavor varieties alone might be misguided and can be improved by training in modern processing techniques, regardless of the variety produced. [EconLit Citations: O12, Q01, Q12, Q13].
Consolidated theory of fluid thermodiffusion
Authors: Van‐Brunt Alexander , Farrell Patrick E. , Monroe Charles W.
Published: January 2022

We present the Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell thermodiffusion equations, which account for the Soret and Dufour effects in multicomponent fluids. Unlike transport laws derived from kinetic theory, this framework preserves the structure of the isothermal Stefan–Maxwell equations, separating the thermodynamic forces that drive diffusion from the force that drives heat flow. The Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell transport‐coefficient matrix is symmetric, and the second law of thermodynamics imbues it with simple spectral characteristics. This new approach allows for heat to be considered as a pseudo‐species and proves equivalent to both the intuitive extension of Fick's law and the generalized Stefan–Maxwell equations popularized by Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot. A general inversion process facilitates the unique formulation of flux‐explicit transport equations relative to any choice of convective reference velocity. Stefan–Maxwell diffusivities and thermal diffusion factors are tabulated for gaseous mixtures containing helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon. The framework is deployed to perform numerical simulations of steady three‐dimensional thermodiffusion in a ternary gas.
Human‐Like Interactive Behavior Generation for Autonomous Vehicles: A Bayesian Game‐Theoretic Approach with Turing Test
Authors: Zhang Yiran , Hang Peng , Huang Chao , Lv Chen
Published: January 2022

Interacting with surrounding road users is a key feature of autonomous vehicles and is critical for their intelligence testing. Existing interaction modalities in autonomous vehicle simulation and testing are not sufficiently smart, and they barely reflect human‐like behaviors in real‐world driving scenarios. Therefore, a novel hierarchical game‐theoretical framework is presented to represent naturalistic multimodal interactions among road users during simulation and testing, which is subsequently validated by the Turing test. Given that human drivers have no access to the complete information of the surrounding road users, the Bayesian game theory is used to model the decision‐making process. Next, a probing behavior is generated by the proposed game‐theoretic model, and is further applied to control the vehicle via the Markov chain. The proposed method is tested through a series of experiments and compared with existing approaches. In addition, Turing tests are conducted to quantify the human‐likeness of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed Bayesian game‐theoretic framework can effectively generate representative scenes of human‐like decision‐making during autonomous vehicle interactions, demonstrating its feasibility and effectiveness. An interactive preprint version of the article can be found at: https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.163482630.00283278.
A Class of Rigid–Flexible Coupling Crystalline Crosslinked Polymers as Vapomechanical Actuators
Authors: Lin En , Wang Zhifang , Zhao Xiuyu , Liu Zhaoyi , Yan Dong , Jin Fazheng , Chen Yao , Cheng Peng , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: January 2022

Fabricating mechanically responsive actuators that can efficiently convert external stimuli into mechanical work is of great significance for real‐world applications. Herein, we rationally design a class of rigid–flexible coupling crystalline crosslinked polymers (CCPs) to fabricate vapomechanically responsive actuators. Interfacial condensation reactions of flexible macromers with rigid monomers afford a series of freestanding CCP membranes. Notably, it is the first example where crosslinked polymers show high crystallinity and porosity. Moreover, the CCP membranes exhibit good mechanical properties and interesting vapor‐triggered actuation performance, which is reversible and repeatable. We find that the unusual polymer structures, high vapor sorption, and anisotropic membranes contribute to the directional deformation performance of the CCP actuators. The synthesis approach in this work provides new insights into the design and fabrication of smart materials for advanced applications.
A comprehensive update on the structure and synthesis of potential drug targets for combating the coronavirus pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Malik Prerna , Jain Sonika , Jain Pankaj , Kumawat Jyoti , Dwivedi Jaya , Kishore Dharma
Published: January 2022

The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic COVID‐19 created by its severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variant, known for producing a very severe acute respiratory syndrome, has created an unprecedented situation by its continual assault around the world. The crisis caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 variant has been a global challenge, calling to mitigate this unprecedented pandemic that has engulfed the whole world. Since the outbreak and spread of COVID‐19, many researchers globally have been grappling to find new clinically trialed active drugs with anti‐COVID‐19 activity, from antimalarial drugs to JAK inhibitors, antiviral drugs, immune suppressants, and so forth. This article presents a brief discussion on the activity and synthesis of some active molecules such as favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, pirfenidone, remdesivir, lopinavir, camostat, chloroquine, baricitinib, molnupiravir, and so forth, which are under trial.
Subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease with SNCA mutations: Based on the follow‐up to 10 years
Authors: Youn Jinyoung , Oyama Genko , Hattori Nobutaka , Shimo Yasushi , Kuusimäki Tomi , Kaasinen Valtteri , Antonini Angelo , Kim Dongyeop , Lee Jung‐Il , Cho Kyung Rae , Cho Jin Whan
Published: January 2022

Backgrounds

Although the short‐term efficacy of bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been reported in a limited number of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with SNCA mutations, there are no data for long‐term outcome.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective study investigated previously reported PD patients with SNCA mutations, implanted with bilateral subthalamic DBS. We compared demographic and clinical data at baseline and last follow‐up. Clinical data of motor and nonmotor symptoms and motor fluctuation were collected up to 10 years from DBS surgery.

Results

Among four subjects, three had SNCA duplication and one had c.158C.A (p.A53E) mutation. The mean post‐implantation follow‐up duration was 5.4 ± 3.7 years. All patients with SNCA duplication showed favorable outcome, although one died from breast cancer 1.5 years after DBS. The patient with the missense mutation became wheelchair‐bound due to progressed axial, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms after 3.5 years from DBS despite the benefit on motor fluctuation.

Conclusion

Based on findings in our small cohort, subthalamic DBS could be beneficial for motor fluctuation in PD patients with SNCA mutations, especially those with SNCA duplication, and cognitive and psychiatric symptoms are important for the long‐term outcome of subthalamic DBS.
Assessing the environmental impact of logistics sites through CO2eq footprint computation
Authors: Perotti Sara , Prataviera Lorenzo Bruno , Melacini Marco
Published: January 2022

The environmental sustainability of logistics facilities is widely acknowledged as an important issue, but a comprehensive standardised methodology for assessing their environmental impact is lacking. This study proposes a structured model for quantifying both consumptions and generated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, adopting a three‐phase methodology that combines multiple methods. A literature‐based conceptual framework was leveraged to design an analytical model, and in‐depth interviews with 11 senior logistics managers were conducted. The study offers a replicable methodology that considers heterogeneous sources of consumption and related end‐use types, further splitting consumptions and emissions by warehouses' functional areas. It offers a set of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPIs) that could bolster a clearer understanding of the warehouse environmental performance. A robust tool is offered to managers to support their decision‐making processes, allowing for both internal assessments and benchmarking with competitors or other players along the supply chain, thus contributing to shape company's, or even supply chain, sustainability strategies.
Steaming retains more phenolics, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activities than cooking for rice with different milling processes
Authors: Ma Zhan‐Qian , Yi Cui‐Ping , Wu Na‐Na , Tan Bin
Published: January 2022

Background and objectives

The traditional heat processing methods, steaming and cooking treatment, can affect the nutrients in rice, such as phenolics, flavonoids, and dietary fiber. However, there is no systematic assessment that by which heat treatment method and conditions more nutrients in rice can be retained, especially in brown rice, two‐times milling rice, four‐times milling rice, polished rice, and color selection rice (from different milling processes with practical processing at rice milling factory). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of steaming and cooking treatment on the changes in nutrients in rice with different milling processes, including dietary fiber and phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, individual phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and T‐AOC) in the free, and bound extracts.

Findings

Compared with unsteamed and uncooked rice, the total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), and individual phenolic compounds in the free and bound fractions, total anthocyanin content (TAC), and antioxidant activity in the free fractions in brown rice, two‐times milling rice, four‐times milling rice, polished rice, and color selection rice were significantly reduced by steaming and cooking treatment (p < .05). The TAC and antioxidant activity in the bound fractions, soluble dietary fiber (SDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and total dietary fiber (TDF) in the five rice samples were increased after steaming and cooking. However, it was very interesting that steaming treatment resulted in a less reduction in phenolics and antioxidant activities than cooking.

Conclusions

From the view of retaining more nutrients, steaming treatment is more suitable for the white rice of the milling process with high milling degree, while cooking treatment is more suitable for the brown rice or rice of milling process with low milling degree. Generally, steaming treatment retains more phenolics, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activities than cooking rice with different milling processes.

Significance and novelty

This study may provide useful reference and offer a simple and practical method to retain more nutrients for preparation and consumption of rice. These results suggest that steaming treatment is an efficient method of daily processing to reduce the loss of nutrients in rice.
Could Guillain–Barré syndrome be triggered by COVID‐19 vaccination?
Authors: Aldeeb Maya , Okar Lina , Mahmud Safa S. , Adeli Gholam A.
Published: January 2022

Due to SARS‐COV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic and its catastrophic impact on society, the FDA granted emergency use authorization for some vaccines. Possible rare side effects could not have been observed in this relatively short period. We are reporting an elderly lady with multiple comorbidities who presented with progressive lower limb weakness that started seven days after receiving the first dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine. The electrodiagnostic study showed demyelinating polyneuropathy with secondary axonal degeneration consistent with Guillain–Barré syndrome. We ruled out other possible causes for GBS, suggesting a postvaccine nature for her presentation. The patient received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for five days and gradually improved, which supports our initial diagnosis.
Conservative management of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection: A case report
Authors: Miyata Takashi , Sannomiya Yuta , Nagayama Taigo , Kin Ryosuke , Nishiki Hisashi , Hashimoto Akifumi , Fujii Yoritaka , Miura Seiko , Kaida Daisuke , Tomita Yasuto , Nakamura Naohiko , Miyashita Tomoharu , Fujita Hideto , Ueda Nobuhiko , Takamura Hiroyuki
Published: January 2022

Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (SISMAD) is a rare and potentially fatal cause diagnosis presenting with acute abdominal; however, because of its rarity, the pathogenic factors of SISMAD remain unknown and no clear cause has been found. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence‐based treatment guidelines.