bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fälle und Lösungen zum StGB
Authors: Neuwald Nils , Rathmann Elisabeth
Published: September 2022

44-fach prüfungsrelevant

Das Buch enthält in 44 Fällen zahlreiche Sachverhalte zu den relevanten Strafrechtsdelikten im bundespolizeilichen Aufgabenbereich. Diese werden regelmäßig gemäß Ausbildungs- und Stoffverteilungsplan in Prüfungen und Aufsichtsarbeiten geprüft.

Komplett ausformulierte Fall-Lösungen

Alle Sachverhaltslösungen sind komplett ausformuliert und entsprechen dem für die Ausbildung des mittleren Polizeivollzugsdienstes der Bundespolizei geltenden Aufbauschema.

Die Lösungen basieren auf den bundesweit harmonisierten Arbeitsunterlagen für die Ausbildung des mittleren Polizeivollzugsdienstes und der Verfahrensanweisung der Bundespolizeiakademie für die Erstellung von Prüfungsarbeiten.

Im Einführungskapitel stellen die Verfasser die Herangehensweise an die Lösung strafrechtlicher Sachverhalte ausführlich dar.

Die Fälle

Die Übungssachverhalte mit Lösungen enthalten Fälle zu folgenden Tatbeständen:

Widerstand gegen Vollstreckungsbeamte

Tätlicher Angriff auf Vollstreckungsbeamte

Hausfriedensbruch

Beleidigung

Körperverletzung, gefährliche Körperverletzung

Freiheitsberaubung

Nötigung

Diebstahl, Diebstahl im besonders schweren Fall, Diebstahl mit Waffen; Bandendiebstahl

Erschleichen von Leistungen

Urkundenfälschung

Missbrauch von Ausweispapieren

Sachbeschädigung, gemeinschaftliche Sachbeschädigung

Mit Tipps für die Fallbearbeitung

Tipps und Hinweise zu einer effizienten Bearbeitungstechnik sowie die im Anhang abgedruckten wichtigsten Rechtsnormen ermöglichen schnelles Lernen und eine optimale Prüfungsvorbereitung.

Effiziente Prüfungsvorbereitung für ....

... Polizeimeisteranwärterinnen und Polizeimeisteranwärter des mittleren Polizeivollzugsdienstes in der Bundespolizei.
Individualarbeitsrecht
Authors: Vetter Christian
Published: September 2022

Schnelle Orientierungshilfe im Arbeitsrecht
Dieser Leitfaden verschafft angehenden oder auch schon aktiven Arbeitgebern Grundkenntnisse über die wichtigsten arbeitsrechtlichen Regelungen im sog. Individualarbeitsrecht. Es geht dabei um die Rechtsbeziehungen zwischen Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer, nicht um die zu Betriebsräten und Gewerkschaften. Wichtiges Grundwissen Personalverantwortliche Der Ratgeber gibt eine erste Orientierung, was im Zusammenhang mit einem Arbeitsverhältnis zu beachten ist und wann Handlungsbedarf besteht. Konkrete Fälle der Umsetzung sollten mit qualifizierter Hilfe bis hin zur Einholung von Rechtsrat gelöst werden.
Arbeitsrecht leicht gemacht
Der inhaltliche Aufbau des Leitfadens folgt dem Zyklus eines Arbeitsverhältnisses, beginnend mit dessen Anbahnung bis hin zu seiner Beendigung. Darüber hinaus enthält er Tipps aus der Praxis für die Praxis, um die arbeitsrechtlichen Klippen im betrieblichen Alltag zu umschiffen.
Komplizierte Rechtslage
Auch wenn nur ein einziger Arbeitnehmer in einem Unternehmen beschäftigt wird, müssen die arbeitsrechtlichen Vorschriften strikt beachtet werden. Die Vielzahl heutiger Regelungen ist kaum noch überschaubar: Nicht nur das nationale Arbeitsrecht, sondern auch das europäische Recht enthält Vorschriften, deren Verletzung weitreichende Folgen haben kann, man denke nur an das Kündigungsschutzgesetz oder die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung.
Humanitäres Völkerrecht
Authors: Fink Udo , Gillich Ines
Published: September 2022

Das "Humanitäre Völkerrecht" oder "Kriegsvölkerrecht" umfasst die Gesamtheit der rechtlichen Bestimmungen, die im Fall eines bewaffneten Konflikts gelten und zu beachten sind, wie etwa bei der Beschießung von Zivilisten im afghanischen Kundus im Jahr 2009 oder beim mehrfachen Einsatz von Giftgas in Syrien. Das neue Lehrbuch zum Humanitären Völkerrecht stellt die Dynamik und Breite des Rechtsgebietes auch in seinen Bezügen zu anderen Materien des Völkerrechts dar, wie etwa zum internationalen Menschenrechtsschutz, dem Friedenssicherungssystem der UNO und dem Völkerstrafrecht. Zahlreiche Beispiele und Wiederholungs- und Vertiefungsfragen erleichtern das Verständnis.
Schuldrecht
Authors: Peifer Karl-Nikolaus
Published: September 2022

Der Diesel-Abgas-Skandal und Fragen rund um die Haftung beim Einsatz künstlicher Intelligenz und Algorithmen betreffen aktuell das Schuldrecht. Die Neuauflage des Lehrbuchs zu den Gesetzlichen Schuldverhältnissen geht nicht nur auf diese Entwicklungen ein, sondern stellt in bewährter Manier die Regeln über unerlaubte Handlungen, die ungerechtfertigte Bereicherung und die auftragslose Geschäftsführung (GoA) anhand klassischer sowie typischer Fälle vor. Dem besseren Verständnis der Lösung von Rechtskonflikten dienen rechtsgeschichtliche und rechtsvergleichende Hinweise. Das Thema wird anschaulich, auf überschaubarem Raum und mit vielen Hinweisen zu Methodik und Falllösung aufbereitet. Die 7. Auflage wurde wieder durchgehend aktualisiert und überarbeitet.
Hydatid Cysts in Children
Authors: L. Delgado Arturo , Kopolo Mfuneko , Bangaza Dumo , Rosales Gonzalez Ernesto , Yamkela Luke , Thabana Moeketsi
Published: September 2022

Hydatid disease is one of the important health problems in developing countries. Can affect any part of the human body, it commonly affects lungs and liver. Because of poor data and preventive measures in Sub-Saharan Africa, cystic echinococcosis (CE) is regarded as endemic disease. This is a retrospective study of children ages of 3 to 12 years admitted in pediatric surgical unit at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital (NMAH), from April 2015 to aril 2020. We studied groups of age, sex, organs affected, treatment and complications. We studied 56 children; the group of age most affected was 5 to 10 years, females accounted for 51.8%, and male for 48.2%, lung hydatid cysts in 44.6% of cases, 41.1% had liver cysts, 8.9% of the patients had cysts in multiple locations. In 46 cases (82%), the treatment was surgical: punction-aspiration-injection and respiration (PAIR) removing the germinal layer, following in the post operatory with Albendazole and Praziquantel. In 10 cases (18//%) was given only medical treatment. Females were most affected, and the lungs were the organs most affected followed by liver.
Functional Roles of Estradiol in the Olfactory and Vomeronasal Mucosae of Mammals: A Working Hypothesis
Authors: Takami Shigeru , Horie Sawa
Published: September 2022

It has been known that androgens and estrogens, which are referred to as sex steroids, make many effects on two major nasal chemosensory mucosae such as olfactory mucosa and vomeronasal organ. Our studies conducted in rodents have demonstrated that two of the constituent cells in the olfactory mucosa, sustentacular cells and acinar cells in the associated glands of the olfactory mucosa, Bowman’s glands, express four different enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of estradiol-17β (E2). Furthermore, our ongoing study has shown that olfactory sensory cells contain immunoreactivity for an estrogen receptor (beta-type). In case of vomeronasal organ, vomeronasal sensory cells express two enzymes that catalyze conversion of E2 and estrone, and that of testosterone and androstenedione. In addition, vomeronasal sensory cells contain an estrogen receptor (alpha-type). These results strongly suggest that de novo synthesis of E2 and metabolism of E2 take place in the olfactory mucosa and vomeronasal organ, respectively. With special emphasis of subcellular characteristics of steroid-producing cells, such as presence of large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular mitochondria, we will introduce our findings and present working hypotheses for E2 functions in the olfactory mucosa and vomeronasal organ.
Neuropathology of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: G. Brown Taylor , Chen Liam
Published: September 2022

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that results in motor, cognitive, and psychiatric impairments. HD results from an autosomal dominant polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene that results in a misfolded and aggregated protein. The disease is uniformly fatal and demonstrates characteristic neuropathological changes. While the striatum is preferentially affected, the cortex and many other brain regions are involved in pathogenesis and show progressive changes throughout the disease.
Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Patients with Facial Expression Asymmetry and Synkinesis with Botulinum Toxin Type A and Monofilament Mesothreads
Authors: Mingazova Leniza , Karpova Elena , Orlova Olga , Artemenko Ada
Published: September 2022

Facial neuropathy is a lesion of the facial nerve of various nature happening at different anatomical levels, which is manifested by unilateral paralysis or paresis of the facial muscles and is complicated by synkinesis and contractures of the paretic muscles. The leading clinical symptom of this disorder is mimic asymmetry, which occurs as a result of a violation of the neuromuscular balance of both hemifaces (weakness on the side of the lesion and hypertonicity on the contralateral side). Understanding the special functional state of the unaffected hemiface made it possible to develop a pathogenetically substantiated method for the treatment of mimic asymmetry. The effect of botulinum toxin type A on the muscles of the healthy hemiface contributes to a better restoration of the motor activity of the affected muscles and the symmetry of the face. Implantation of monofilament mesothreads in the facial area was used to correct synkinesis. We have proposed a method that creates a rigid mesh frame using mesothreads between the skin and the muscles of facial expression in the area of synkinesis. This led to a significant decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms, a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of involuntary muscle contractions in the face.
Perspective Chapter: Accelerating Demand-Led Tomato Breeding for Emerging Markets in Africa
Authors: Adu-Dapaah Hans , Kwabena Osei Michael , Adjebeng-Danquah Joseph , Owusu Nketia Stella , Antwi-Boasiako Augustine , Alimatu Sadia Osuman , Ofori Amoako Peter , Agyare Richard
Published: September 2022

Tomato production in Africa has increased due to increased population, rising consumer demands for nutritious and healthy food and potential use of improved technologies. Demand-led’ plant breeding puts producers and consumers at the heart of research and development involving stakeholders even before the research starts. These ‘stakeholders’ are not only farmers but key actors along the tomato value chain. They influence how the tomato is traded as: fresh food and processing product. This chapter focuses on different approaches to fast-track tomato breeding so as to contribute to the transformation of African agriculture by enabling small scale farmers to compete in local and regional markets, by increasing the availability and adoption of high performing tomato varieties that meet market demands. It further outlines development of varieties that meet farmer needs, consumer preferences, and market demand in Africa. These new varieties are designed to meet client needs by connecting plant breeders with crop value chains, seed distribution organizations, and encouraging enterprise and entrepreneurship in transforming agriculture in Africa. Lastly, it outlines the prospects and challenges associated with demand-led breeding of tomato and offers suggestions to increase food security in Africa.
The Role of Aggregators in Smart Grids
Authors: Berntzen Lasse , Meng Qian
Published: September 2022

Sustainable smart cities need to focus on energy production and use. By installing solar panels, prosumers may contribute to the energy production in the city. The use of solar panels is particularly relevant to free-standing residential buildings. Prosumers may also trade flexibility, the ability to shift energy use to periods when the total energy consumption is lower. Prosumers may also store energy for future sale or consumption. An aggregator is a new role connecting prosumers with energy providers. The aggregator negotiates terms, provides flexibility on behalf of its prosumers, and may even provide energy storage capabilities. This chapter describes the evolving role of aggregators and their possible business models. The aggregators will contribute to smarter energy production and use in smart cities.
Do All Bariatric Surgery Methods Have the Same Effects on the Gut Microbiota?
Authors: Foroudi Pourdeh Elham , Ulker Izzet
Published: September 2022

Despite the various treatment methods that exist for obesity, the most effective treatment for long-term weight control is bariatric surgery. Different surgical methods affect different mechanisms, such as appetite change, restriction of intake, and control of hunger. Divert food from the proximal part of the small intestine, food aversion, increased energy expenditure, malabsorption of macronutrients, and modifications of bile aside profiles and the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health. Dysbiosis usually has detrimental effects and may also have long-term consequences that lead to diseases or disorders, such as diabetes, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. While Firmicutes are abundant in the gut microbiota of obese individuals, Bacteroidetes are more abundant in individuals with normal weight. Thus, specific changes in the gut microbial composition are associated with obesity. The suggestion of growing evidence of bariatric surgery’s success is because of the procedure’s effect on the gut microbiota. Bariatric surgery changes the short-chain fatty acids composition by certain changes in the gut microbiota, thus affecting host metabolism, including intestinal hormone secretion and insulin sensitivity. Different methods of bariatric surgery alter the gut microbiota differently.
Effect of perioperative blood loss on cognitive function disorders after colon cancer surgery
Authors: Bošković Dalibor P. , Marić Sanja , Kovačević Marko , Golijanin Bojan
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is very common in patients who are treated in intensive care units or in the surgery department after surgery. This increasingly present complication complicates and calls into question the recovery of the operated patient. We assumed that POCD was associated with blood loss in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods. Our study included 60 patients older than 50 years who underwent elective open surgery for colon cancer. The same protocol was performed for each patient: preoperative preparation and anesthesia. All patients completed three psychometric tests (mini mental test - MMT, information test and Hooper test) the day before surgery, one day after surgery and the seventh day after surgery.

Results. Cognitive status examined on the basis of the MMT score showed a statistically significant difference in the number of received blood transfusions after surgery on the first day (p = 0.016) and the total number of received blood transfusions (p = 0.026). Cognitive status examined by the information test showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.025) in the number of received blood transfusions after surgery on the first day. In patients whose cognitive status was examined by the Hooper test, a high statistically significant difference was observed in the number of received blood transfusions after surgery on the first day (p = 0.001). Cognitive status measured on the basis of MMT score showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the average values of the amount of blood given by transfusion after surgery (p = 0.019).

Conclusion. There was a statistically significant cognitive dysfunction in patients who had greater blood loss during surgery and the first day after surgery and who received more blood transfusions (more than 600 ml) during and after surgery. The introduction of psychometric tests in the assessment of cognitive functions as well as the choice of surgery may be important factors in the prevention of POCD.
Sleep disorders and their influence on the development of cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Raičević Ranko
Published: September 2022

Rare, adequately designed clinical studies confirm clinical observations of the association of circadian rhythm and increased frequency of cardiovascular events, especially sudden death, with the highest risk in the early morning hours1-3. This connection is also present for the increased frequency of cerebrovascular events in this period, but there is a diversity of occurrence of certain forms of these diseases in relation to the circadian rhythm. Thus, the results of the research dedicated to this problem suggest that the period between 6 and 12 h AM represents the time with the highest frequency of episodes of ischemic brain disease, especially transient ischemic attacks, while for the syndrome of intracranial hemorrhage (subarachnoid and intracerebral non-traumatic hemorrhage) there is a relatively equal representation compared to a 24-hour period. In an attempt to explain the etiopathogenesis of this sequence of events, various agents and factors are mentioned, as well as physiological processes that normally follow the circadian rhythm. In this paper, attention will be focused on sleep disorders as possible etiopathogenetic factor in development of cerebrovascular diseases, and other important factors and processes that may have certain importance and be related to sleep disorders.
Insomnia in addictive diseases and treatment of insomnia in opiate withdrawal crisis
Authors: Dickov Aleksandra
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The article is focused on sleep disorders in people addicted to psychoactive substances. In the extensive introductory part, the complexity of this problem is presented from etiological and pathophysiological aspects. Insomnia stands out as the most prominent problem during withdrawal crises. In the second part of the work, a pilot study of the treatment of insomnia in opiate abstinence crisis was presented. The aim of the article was to evaluate the effectiveness of midazolam in treating insomnia in opioid addicts during the abstinence crisis. Methods: The research was conducted as a retrospective study, an analysis of the medical history of opioid addicts treated at the Addictions Department of the Psychiatry Clinic of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. The analysis includes 60 medical histories of people addicted to opiates who were treated in the period 2015-2021. The experimental group consisted of 30 people addicted to opiates who received midazolam, and the control group consisted of 30 people addicted to opiates who received diazepam or lorazepam. We monitored the intensity of insomnia in patients of both groups using the clinical scale for opiate withdrawal syndrome (SOWS) - insomnia variable. The data was collected and statistically processed in the program Statistic for Windows 10. Results: Irritability (Chi-square: 13.125; df-1; p=0.002) and insomnia (Chi-square=7.423; df=1; p=0.042) were statistically significantly less frequently registered in patients prescribed midazolam for sleep. Conclusion: When administered with midazolam, lower doses of anxiolytics are needed during the day. During the abstinence crisis, midazolam shows a positive effect on insomnia and indirectly on irritability.
Application of vitamin D in osteoporosis therapy
Authors: Nikolić-Đurović Marina
Published: September 2022

Vitamin D is one of the most important nutritional elements, necessary for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and for maintaining the health of the skeletal system. It's been shown that vitamin D has an important role in maintaining normal skeletal system function by providing an appropriate balance between osteoblast and osteoclast function. Osteoporosis, ie. metabolic bone disease which increases the risk of pathological fractures, due to the changes of the microarchitecture of the skeleton, is very common consequence of long-term vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is considered the main cause in the pathology of certain malignancies, heart disease, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, depression, chronic pain, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, muscle loss, periodontal disease. Vitamin D deficiency is extremely common, not only in the elderly population. It has recently been suggested that 50 nmol/l (or 20 ng/ml) is a minimum level of 25(OH)D in serum in general population especially in patients with osteoporosis to ensure optimal bone health. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended when the serum 25(OH)D concentration is below 50 nmol/l (ie 20 ng/ml) for the first 2 months 2000-4000 IU per day, and then depending on the optimal level achieved, at a dose of 1000-2000 IU. Special attention should be paid to elderly patients, with graceful constitutions with an increased risk of falls and fractures. The optimal dose supposed to ensure circulating 25(OH)D on the level of higher than 75 nmol/l. Vitamin D supplements can be given weekly, monthly or at three-month intervals.
Gastroesophageal reflux in children: To treat or not to treat?
Authors: Stojšić Mirjana
Published: September 2022

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder in children. It most often occurs in the first year of life and in most infants it disappears spontaneously by the time they are 12 months old. One in ten infants with GER will continue to suffer after the first year, with the possibility of developing a chronic course. In children, GER is often associated with certain pathological conditions that predispose to it, such as prematurity, obesity, neurological damage, esophageal diseases, respiratory diseases and similar. These children are at increased risk for developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Symptoms and signs of GER are not specific only to the gastrointestinal tract, but may also include general, respiratory, otorhinolaryngeal, and neurological disorders. If left untreated, GERD can lead to life-threatening complications for the child. If GER interferes with the patient's daily functioning due to the appearance of alarming signs and complications, we speak of gastroesophageal disease. The treatment of GERD belongs to the domain of primary health care pediatricians, and in the case of GERD, the child should be referred to a pediatric gastroenterologist.
Controversies in the use of fluoroquinolones: Have we understood the "warning letter" correctly?
Authors: Pejčić Tatjana
Published: September 2022

Pharmacovigilance is important in monitoring the occurrence and prevention of adverse drug reactions. The use of Warning letter is a way to attract the attention of the doctors, but also the obligation to limit and/or warn about the use of the drug in certain conditions and comorbidities. Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are an important group of antibiotics that, due to their efficiency and good compliance, are often used in the treatment of various infections. Indications for the use of fluoroquinolones include infections of the respiratory tract, ear, throat and nose, invasive otitis externa caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, infections of the urinary tract, skin and soft tissues, bones, joints, pelvic organs, gastrointestinal infections, eradication of Salmonella germs and severe systemic infections. In order to ensure the safe use of fluoroquinolones in patients, and according to the announcements of ALIMS, based on the evidence of other drug agencies (e.g. European Medicines Agency - EMA and others), the prescription of fluoroquinolones should be prohibited for patients who have had aortic dissection (absolute risk). Patients at risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection are at relative risk and should be allowed fluoroquinolones after benefit-risk assessment and consideration of other therapeutic options. This group would also include patients with predisposing conditions for the occurrence and development of aneurysms (aneurysmal disease in family history, earlier occurrence of aneurysm or aortic dissection, Marfan syndrome, vascular form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Takayasu's arteritis, giant cell arteritis of the arteries, Behçet's disease, hypertension and atherosclerosis), as well as patients with congenital or existing heart valve disease, connective tissue disorder (Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), Turner syndrome, Behçet's disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis and infective endocarditis. For all other infections with/or without comorbidities, prescribing fluoroquinolone can be as common as for other antibiotics, following antibiotic prescribing recommendations according to current national and other guidelines, with suggestions given in the "Summary of Drug Characteristics" and "Medication Instructions".
The characteristics of male and female characters in children's literature
Authors: Radovanović Milica
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the findings of research carried out with the aim of gaining an understanding of the characteristics of male and female child characters in children's literature. "Characteristics" in our research refers to the representation, role and description of male and female characters. The sample consisted of 32 literary texts with child characters in readers used in the first and second grades of primary school. Using the descriptive method and the technique of content analysis, it was established that male characters are almost twice as represented as female characters and that they are more frequently the main characters in a text. With regard to character description, inquisitiveness, imaginativeness and resourcefulness are the most common traits of male characters, while kindness and sensibility are characteristics ascribed only to female characters. It is surprising that the female characters did not have negative traits, leading to the conclusion that their characteristics are more positively rated than the characteristics and actions of male characters. Based on our data, we can conclude that gender stereotypes are present in the descriptions of male and female characters, and we therefore invite readers to take part in further discussions and a more comprehensive analysis of the representation of child characters both in literary works and in other cultural products.
Managing the implementation processes of cultural competency into a healthcare system
Authors: Knežević Snežana , Ivković Ivan
Published: September 2022

Culture has a significant impact on shaping people's attitudes about health, well-being and their perception of health care. Health cultural competence is the ability to function effectively as an individual or organization in the context of the cultural beliefs, practices and needs of patients and communities. Cultural and linguistic competences are a set of behaviours', attitudes and policies that enable effective work in intercultural environments. Culturally diverse patients have poorer access to health services and face different barriers. The cultural competence of health professionals includes awareness, knowledge and cultural skills to reduce these barriers. The paper presents three models of the development of culturally competent health care, Campinha-Bacote, Milton Bennett and Darla Deardorff. Models are being improved in line with new research and knowledge. It is proposed that the management of health institutions consider aspects of cultural self-awareness, intercultural communication skills and analysis of socio-cultural barriers in health care. Education and training of health professionals towards achieving a balance between intercultural knowledge and communication skills is the best approach in the development of cultural competencies.
The role of Tik Tok social network in developing public relations
Authors: Taboroši Srđana , Maljugić Biljana
Published: September 2022

The importance of establishing communication with users and consumers, through social networks, is increasingly recognized and is present in the modern business world. Public relations enable building trust and gaining loyalty among users, and the activities of this business function are increasingly manifested through digital, social media channels. Establishing a close relationship between consumers and the company, the exchange of the most important and new information is achieved thought all social media, but in different ways. Due to its specificity, Tik Tok as a social network is becoming more widespread and gaining an increasing number of users. In this paper, the authors analyze the importance of using this social network in modern public relations and the changes that Tik Tok social network brings in the process of communicating with the public.
Software tools application in IT products selection
Authors: Grujčić Željko , Pažun Brankica , Langović Zlatko
Published: September 2022

When it comes to making of certain decisions everyday/routine or specific, which often imply planning, programming, selection of the most favorable alternative, financing or realization of business task, it is mostly based on the data analysis. Criteria which are imposed on that occasion are diverse and sometimes mutually opposed. Problems posed to the decision maker are often unstructured so there is no mathematical algorithm for solving them, and often there is a question of objectivity in choosing the optimal solution.The subject of this work is the use of Excel Solver in finding the optimal choice of products in the company which is engaged in trade of computer equipment, considering sales trends, available storage and human capacities as well as the financial limitations. The fundamentals of linear programming are presented with the concrete example of sales of the desktop computers, laptop computers and tablet appliances, and their implementation presents the base of the use of the Excel Solver.
Information innovations and effectiveness of the academic library: The example of Belgrade School of Engineering Management library
Authors: Mitić Jelena
Published: September 2022

Data management innovations in business and educational systems are especially reflected in the work of academic libraries. This paper shows how the application of new technologies and use of scientific databases affect the library activities, in relation to teaching and scientific activities. Data analysis indicates the connection between the needs of library users in higher education and the possibilities of library services, and thus explores the use value of library information resources and effectiveness of library operations in higher education. Case study of the Belgrade School of Engineering Management Library shows the response of users through the process of introducing innovations. Data on the use of the fund, access to scientific databases, monitoring the researchers' bibliographies show that activities at the academic library change and develop according to current user needs. As library and information resources became more comprehensive, the basis for education and scientific research becomes stronger. Traditional and modern approaches are not mutually exclusive, but complement each other. Leadership support and communication with teachers play key roles in planning innovations and activities at the library. In order to access current and reliable data, the paper emphasizes cooperation with related institutions, development and connection of information systems.
New shape function in the free-vibration analysis of antisymmetric angleply composite laminates
Authors: Milosavljević D. , Radaković A. , Čukanović D. , Bogdanović G. , Husović S.
Published: September 2022

The paper analyzes the problem of free vibrations in antisymmetric crossply laminates. A new shape function which is used in higher order shear deformation theories has been introduced. The comparative analysis was performed with the known shape functions. The procedure for obtaining dynamic equations of motion in the Matlab software package has been developed. For theoretical considerations, the module with the symbolic variable has been used. The paper shows which of the existing shape functions are applicable in the free vibration analysis of antisymmetric angleply laminates. The advantages and disadvantages of the newly developed shape function are clearly highlighted. Analytical procedures have been used to obtain the results of partial differential equations, based on Navier's solutions. Numerical integration procedures were used as an integral part of the developed Matlab codes for those shape functions where it was necessary. The results are presented in a table and figures. The procedure itself has been verified by comparison with the reference results from the literature.
A survey on Randić (normalized) incidence energy of graphs
Authors: Bozkurt Altındağ
Published: September 2022

For a graph G of order n with normalized signless Laplacian eigenvalues g + 1 ≥ g + 2 ≥ ··· ≥ g + n ≥ 0, the Randić (normalized) incidence energy is defined as ' IRE(G) = ∑ n i=1 q g + i . In this paper, we present a survey on the results of IRE (G), especially with emphasis on the properties, bounds and Coulson integral formula of IRE (G).
The modified first Zagreb connection index and the trees with given order and size of matchings
Authors: Noureen Sadia , Ahmad Bhatti
Published: September 2022

A subset of the edge set of a graph G is called a matching in G if its elements are not adjacent in G. A matching in G with the maximum cardinality among all the matchings in G is called a maximum matching. The matching number in the graph G is the number of elements in the maximum matching of G. This present paper is devoted to the investigation of the trees, which maximize the modified first Zagreb connection index among the trees with a given order and matching number.
Critical infrastructure resilience: National approaches in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Australia
Authors: Ninković Vladimir
Published: September 2022

Securitization of the critical infrastructure as an important factor of national security has been among the aspects of wider changes in the security discourse since the end of the Cold War. The concept of critical infrastructure protection, initially focused on countering the terrorism threat, has been changing and expanding, from adopting the 'all-hazard approach', until the recent prevalence of the strategy of resilience in managing strategic security and operational risks. The sources of those risks are found mainly in climate-change induced natural hazards, as well as in global challenges of interconnection and interdependencies of critical infrastructure. The paper discusses the concepts of resilience and critical infrastructure, and then analyses the approaches to critical infrastructure protection and resilience in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. Analyzed are the official documents - strategies, laws and by-laws, reviews and guidelines produced by the governmental bodies of the mentioned countries, with the aim of clarification of the concept, as well as the country-specific variations in its operationalization.
The role of the fair trial principle respecting to the Hungarian constitutional complaints
Authors: Czine Agnes
Published: September 2022

Having entered into force of the Hungarian Fundamental Law, a new type of constitutional complaint was created, which allows the Hungarian Constitutional Court to examine constitutional aspects in a specific court proceeding. In practice, however, applicants and their legal representatives try to use this legal institution to review the results of lawsuits that are unfavourable for them from their point of view. The most common ground for this review is Article XXVIII (1) of the Hungarian Fundamental Law that stipulates the principle of fair trial. This study provides an overview about the main features of the new type of constitutional complaint and the partial rights of the right to a fair trial. The author concludes that, if applicants deal with this remedy rightly, it can indeed be an effective and important tool to ensure the constitutionality of court proceedings.
Professional exams as an element of professionalization of administration
Authors: Lončar Zoran
Published: September 2022

In recent years, a significant reform has been implemented in Serbia in the field of professional development of civil servants, but professional exams have remained outside the essential reform processes. An extremely large number of professional exams, which today are conducted by various state and provincial administration bodies, are taken not only by state, provincial and local officials, but also by subjects outside the public administration system, require priority systematic regulation of a number of legal issues laying in the right way contributed to the process of professionalization of the administration. Given that the state professional exam appears as a general exam and that all employees are required to pass it, regardless of the type of administrative body in which they work, the central place in the reform of the system of professional exams in the administration should belong to this type of exam. Legal regulations should precisely regulate the relationship between the state professional exam and all other special or professional exams, primarily through the issue of exam programs, and then the manner of education and composition of examination commissions, exam fees, exam procedures, keeping records of passed exams, issuing certificates, etc. Legal regulations should precisely regulate the relationship between the state professional exam and all other special or professional exams, primarily through the issue of exam programs, and then the manner of education and composition of examination commissions, exam fees, exam procedures, keeping records of passed exams, issuing certificates, etc. Further successful continuation of the process of professionalization of the administration depends on the manner in which the mentioned issues will be regulated, because without a well-designed and carefully constructed system of professional exams, results achieved in previous years in the field of professional development of employees will remain without real significance.
The new role of terrorism today
Authors: Stajić Ljubomir , Mirković Vladan
Published: September 2022

Terrorism is a politically motivated violence that has its roots in the teachings and actions of anarchists. Often understood as a weapon of the weak, terrorism is a means of communication through the exploitation of fear that arises as a result of physical violence. Political motive and purpose determine the theoretical notion of terrorism, while in the specific case, the decision on what a terrorist act is is determined by political interest. Political determinism makes terrorism an ideal means of hybrid warfare which is based on the synergy of numerous individual acts that are compatible with each other and serve the same goal. Considering the complexity of hybrid warfare, the ways in which terrorism can be misused for the purpose of hybrid warfare are also different. The paper describes three terrorism misuse models for this purpose.
Limitations on the possibility to setoff in liquidation proceedings in the Hungarian law
Authors: Mohai Máté
Published: September 2022

After the starting date of the liquidation, there is only a place for setoff in case of special conditions included in the Hungarian Bankruptcy Act. Therefore, if the debtor is in liquidation, the rules of the Civil Code concerning setoff can only be applied with the exceptions set out in the Bankruptcy Act. In the following, we examine the provisions that can be linked to setoff in the Bankruptcy Act or that have some effect on the possibility of setoff. To give a transparent picture of the relevant provisions, we cite the rules of the Act.
Elections in Hungary and in other countries under special legal order: Especially during the pandemic
Authors: Téglási András , Nagy Attila
Published: September 2022

The paper examines what was Hungary's and other European countries' answer to the collision between the exercise of the right to vote and the measures of public health meant to guarantee the right to health. The paper focuses on the effects that the epidemic triggered by the coronavirus had on Hungary's and other countries' elections and electoral processes. Overall, managing the situation posed a serious challenge to all decision makers throughout the world, and countries holding general elections during the pandemic faced particular difficulties. In countries where decision was taken to hold (general) elections (often after postponement), increased measures of protection were implemented during both the campaign and the voting. However, experience shows that despite all these efforts fewer citizens turned out to vote than before the pandemic. This faces countries which are about to organize general elections with a serious dilemma. In fact, decision makers have to ensure the right to vote for all those wanting to exercise it on the one hand, and on the other hand this has to be done amid circumstances that would not expose voters' health to danger. In order to reach a higher turnout, softening electoral requirements (concerning, for example, the very process of casting the vote) seems to be an obvious solution, but the principle of proportionality has also to be taken into account to preserve the integrity of elections.
On the peculiarities of the new Hungarian Criminal Procedure Act
Authors: Fantoly Zsanett
Published: September 2022

This paper is focusing on the fundamental changes brought by the Hungarian Criminal Procedure Act [Act XC of 2017], which entered into force on 1st of July 2018. New or renewed legal constructs of the criminal procedure are being reviewed. These range from the introduction of a split model of the investigation, to the introduction of two ways of cooperation with the defendant and affect several legal institutions. The new procedural act brings a completely new approach to the parties' right of disposal, the extension of the victim's rights, the secret information gathering, and many other issues. The author seeks to capture those provisions of the act that fundamentally define and reflect this new image of the criminal procedure.
Genesis of the offence of family violence in the Serbian criminal law
Authors: Ristivojević Branislav , Samardžić Stefan
Published: September 2022

Serbian criminal law legislature regulating family violence has been riddled with shortfalls and ambiguity from the onset, resulting in major difficulties in its application. Insufficient rumination by lawmakers and absence of wider discussion within professional circles is evident in the criminal law provisions regulating this pathology. An overview of provisions regulating the family law offence in fundamental criminal codes offers somewhat better insight into the difficulties of applying such provisions in practice in addition to offering an explanation on how the public views family violence. Further this overview sheds light on some of the reasons for development of special, and in many ways hybrid, legislature regulating family violence.
Economic analysis of the electronization of judicial enforcement in Hungary
Authors: Udvary Sandor
Published: September 2022

The article reviews the fundamental economic analysis of law issues regarding civil procedure, then proves their applicability in the field of judicial enforcement procedure. The author formulates the equation for the rational decision maker for initiating enforcement procedure and also analyzes the elements of that equation. He identifies the costs as key issue to the efficiency of the procedure and presents those rules with economic analysis. Then he turns to the electronization of the Hungarian enforcement procedure, which resulted in great increase in efficiency. Electronic means of communication, electronic attachment and auction shall be reviewed and evaluated from the economic point of view. His conclusions - beyond demonstrating the validity of economic analysis on this field - show that electronization of judicial enforcement provides an increase in social efficiency.
Obligation to make additional payments in a limited liability company
Authors: Marjanski Vladimir
Published: September 2022

The obligation to make additional payments is the obligation of the members of a limited liability company to pay the company the amounts of money that finance the company without increasing the share capital and which can be returned to them when the legal conditions are met. The subject of analysis in this paper are legal solutions related to additional payments in Serbian law and the law of individual countries (the law of Croatia, Austria and Germany). The mentioned comparative legal solutions will be processed especially only in those places where the legal rules in connection with additional payments differ significantly in relation to Serbian law. In particular, the subject of the analysis are the following issues: 1. Establishment of the legal basis and determination and formulation (formulation) of the specific obligation of the members to make additional payments to the company; 2. Consequences of non-fulfillment of the obligation on additional payments and 3. Return of additional payments. Serbian law regarding the regulation of the institute of additional payments contains several inconsistencies and weaknesses that should be de lege ferenda eliminated in order for the application of this type of financing of limited liability companies to be more accepted in domestic business practice.
Changes to the concession contract in the European Union law
Authors: Divljak Drago
Published: September 2022

The subject of legal analysis in the paper is a narrow, but very important and specific legal segment, namely the change of the concession contract during its validity. The consideration is based on the analysis of the relevant EU law, with the appropriate use of practice of the Court of Justice of the EU. The ultimate goal was to evaluate the situation of the current EU law, both at the conceptual plan, and in details. The emphasis was in the nature, scope and conditions for changes to the contract and their implications. The paper concludes that the legal regulating of the changes to the concession contract is not an easy task for the regulator. In particular having in mind that this contract cannot be seen only through the prism of internal legal relations between the concession participants, without implications for the third persons and other interests. In such a context the optimum regulating of changes to the concession contract requires a layered legal architecture, mutually coherent, sufficiently clear and predictable, and yet relatively flexible. In that respect, the Directive 2014/23EU, manages to meet the given requirements up to the highest extent in methodological sense and both in terms of regulating and in terms of content. However, due to its generality, most of the given regulation will require specifying through national regulations in the EU Member States, and primarily in the practice of the Court of Justice of the EU. This primarily refers to significant changes to the concession contract.