bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Investigation of Strong Turbulence in a Sheared Magnetoplasma Column
Authors: Robinson J. E. , Lidsky L. M.
Published: October 2017

An experimental investigation of low frequency (ω < Ω1) strong turbulence in a transversely sheared magnetoplasma column is reported. A single large amplitude mode and a broad band spectrum are observed in the radial region of sheared azimuthal velocity. The large amplitude mode, previously identified as Kelvin–Helmholtz turbulence, is studied with respect to coherence, amplitude saturation, and temporal evolution. General agreement is found with Dupree's strong turbulence theory. However, both coherent and incoherent trapping appear to be important for amplitude saturation and coherence. Spatial spreading of the mode is also observed during temporal evolution indicating a more complex wave particle interaction than is currently assumed in nonlinear theory. Using correlation techniques, the broad band spectrum is found to consist of azimuthally propagating clumps of 'ballistic modes' which produce an [Formula: see text] spectrum. The clumps have a scale size of the order of a Larmor radius, propagate with the average rotation velocity, appear to be amplitude limited by trapping, and diffuse spatially as they decay. This observation of clumps represents the first experimental identification of 'ballistic modes' in a magnetoplasma column.
Magnetic Anisotropy in Single Crystals of Zn–Mn and Zn–Cr
Authors: Hedgcock F. T. , Lenis S. , Li P. L. , Ström-Olsen J. O. , Wassermann E. F.
Published: October 2017

We have extended the low temperature magnetic anisotropy measurements on single crystals of zinc containing up to 600 p.p.m. manganese from magnetic fields of 9 to 56 kG. The crystal field splitting parameters determined at low magnetic fields also characterizes the magnetic anisotropy at high magnetic fields. Manganese–manganese interaction effects are observed in the magnetic anisotropy at manganese concentrations greater than 300 p.p.m. Low temperature magnetic anisotropy measurements on single crystals of zinc containing up to 164 p.p.m. chromium are reported and indicate a crystal field splitting of 0.16 K for the chromium ion.
Crystal Field Effects in Zn–Mn and Zn–Cr Alloys
Authors: Harris R. , Hedgcock F. T. , Ström-Olsen J. O. , Zuckermann M. J.
Published: October 2017

In a companion paper we have determined values for the crystal field splitting parameters of manganese and of chromium in zinc. In the present paper we estimate the influence, to second- and third-order in the exchange constant Jsd, of the crystal field splitting on the electrical resistivity and the magnetization. We find that the influence of the crystal field splitting is to produce a T2 term in the resistivity without the necessity of assuming the existence of local spin fluctuations.
Broadening and Shift of Atomic Lines Produced by Electron Collisions: The Debye Screening
Authors: Bassalo J. M. , Cattani M.
Published: October 2017

In this paper we show how our preceding expressions for the width and shift of atomic lines produced by electron collisions are modified taking into account the Debye screening.
The Electroionization Spectrum of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Carbonneau R. , Marmet P.
Published: October 2017

Negative ion resonances having the NO+b3Π, A1Π, c3Π, and B1Π states as grandparents are observed for the first time in the electroionization spectrum of NO. Our results are compared with those from electron transmission experiments. Moreover, some Rydberg states from the series converging to the NO+b3Π state have been analyzed.
The ν4 Vibration–Rotation Bands of C6H6 and C6D6: The Analysis of the Bands and the Determination of the Bond Lengths
Authors: Cabana A. , Bachand J. , Giguère J.
Published: October 2017

The ν4. vibration–rotation bands of benzene and benzene-d6 have been recorded with high resolution. The K = 0 subbands have been analyzed and spectroscopic constants for both vibrational states have been calculated. Assuming D6h symmetry for the molecules the bond lengths have been determined from the ground state rotational constants of the two isotopic molecules. The values obtained are: r0(C—C) = 139.64 ± 0.02 pm and r0(C—H) = 108.31 ± 0.13 pm.
Mean Life Measurements for Some Energy Levels of O I–O VI
Authors: Pinnington E. H. , Irwin D. J. G. , Livingston A. E. , Kernahan J. A.
Published: October 2017

We have extended and clarified previous beam foil studies of oxygen below 2000 Å. Mean lives are presented for 63 transitions for the ions O I–O VI, which provide clarification or confirmation of their values for 36 levels, and first measurements of the mean lives of 5 others. Comparison is made with recent results from a variety of experimental and theoretical techniques and, in particular, good agreement is generally found with the nonclosed shell many electron theory of Nicolaides and Sinanoğlu. A brief discussion is given of the dependence on Z−1 of the f values for transitions of the type 1s22s22pn–1s22s2pn+1 along sequences isoelectronic with B I, C I, and N I. The 3P–3P0 and 3P–3S0 transitions along the C I sequence are presented in detail.
Decay of Neutron Yield from Titanium–Tritide Targets
Authors: Ormrod John H.
Published: October 2017

A model for the decay of neutron yield from titanium–tritide targets is proposed based on the collisional displacement of tritium atoms by the incoming deuteron beam. The cross section for these displacement collisions is derived. The decay predicted by the model is in good agreement with experiments on several targets. The model predicts the improved lifetime of targets when they are bombarded by an analyzed deuteron beam.
Solution asymptotique de l'équation intégrale du résonateur laser plan parallèle
Authors: Bélanger P. A. , Légaré A.
Published: October 2017

We derive an asymptotic solution for the modes of a plane parallel resonator directly from the Kirchhoff-Fresnel integral equation when the Fresnel number is large. The eigenvalues are calculated from the continuity of the solution on the boundaries of the mirrors. The form of our solution is similar to that of Vaynshteyn, but the complex argument and the eigenvalues are different.
Computed Filling-in of Fraunhofer Lines 3850–4450 Å
Authors: Harrison A. W.
Published: October 2017

The measured filling-in of Fraunhofer lines in the sky spectrum 3850–4450 Å is compared with synthetic filling-in computed for three different incoherent scattering processes, i.e. rotational Raman scattering by O2 and N2, Rayleigh wing scattering from the Earth's surface, and atmospheric aerosol fluorescence. It is concluded that rotational Raman scattering is the most likely contributor to the observed filling-in.
Discrepancy Between Theory and Experiments in Muonic X Rays—A Critical Discussion
Authors: Watson P. J. S. , Sundaresan M. K.
Published: October 2017

The discrepancy between theoretical and experimental X-ray energies in muonic atoms is reviewed. We give brief descriptions of all the known corrections, such as finite size, vacuum polarization and electron screening, and attempt to estimate the theoretical errors. The discrepancy is found to remain at the two standard deviation level in eight transitions, and we offer some speculations on the resolution of the problem.
Theory of Conduction Electron Spin Resonance in Ion Implanted Films
Authors: Walker M. B.
Published: October 2017

This paper describes in greater detail a model, proposed previously by the author, which gives an explanation of the dominant features (in particular the large enhancement factors) of the experiments by Monod, Hurdequint, Janossy, Obert, and Chaumont. Also, a new formula is derived relating the amplitudes of the transmitted and reflected fields to the amplitude of the precessing component of magnetization density (which may be inhomogeneous) in the metal. Finally, a formal proof is given of a reciprocity theorem applicable to transmission experiments in general.
Relations between Coulomb Displacement Energies and Nuclear Binding Energies
Authors: Nir D.
Published: October 2017

Shell effects in binding energies are compared to shell effects in Coulomb displacement energies. A phenomenological relationship is suggested which predicts the Coulomb energies from the binding energies and reproduces these shell effects.
Spectre d'émission du radical P2 : étude de la transition b′3Σu−–X1Σg+
Authors: Brion J. , Malicet J. , Guenebaut H.
Published: October 2017

The emission spectrum of the b′3Σu−–X1Σg+ system between 3540–4375 Å and ascribed previously by Mrozowski and Santaram to the a3Σu+–X1Σg+ transition of the P2 molecule, has been photographed under high resolution. The rotational analysis of 7 bands has been carried out and allowed us to determine the rotational constants of the vibrational levels ν′ = 0, 1, and 2 as well as the spin splitting constants λ′ and γ′. The nature of the upper state has been identified as a 3Σu− state, the electronic transition being analogous to the Ogawa–Tanaka–Wilkinson system of N2.
Band–Nonband Mobility Transition for Extra Electrons in Liquid Xenon
Authors: Kimura Toyoaki , Freeman Gordon R.
Published: October 2017

The mobility of electrons in xenon increases from 1080 cm2/Vs at 168 K to a maximum of 3900 cm2/Vs at 220 K, then decreases as the temperature is increased further, reaching 21 cm2/Vs at the critical temperature, 290 K. The pressure on the sample was the vapor pressure of the liquid and the field strength was 16 V/cm. Electron scattering appears to be gas-like in the liquid near the critical region, while electron transport occurs in conduction bands in the liquid at lower temperatures.
Dipole Moment Autocorrelation Functions of Some Linear Molecules in the Compressed Gaseous State
Authors: Cattani Mauro , Thanh Nguyen Van , Rossi Inga
Published: October 2017

The dipole moment autocorrelation functions for linear molecules are calculated taking into account the vibration–rotation interaction. The theoretical results are compared with the near infrared data obtained from the ν3 and 2ν3 bands of compressed gaseous OCS and N2O.
Fonctions d'autocorrélation du tenseur de polarisabilité de quelques molécules polyatomiques simples à l'état gazeux
Authors: Cattani M. , Thanh Nguyen Van , Rossi I.
Published: October 2017

Tensor autocorrelation functions are calculated taking into account the vibration–rotation coupling effect in Raman scattering spectra of symmetric-top and linear molecules in the gaseous state. A purely quantum-mechanical formalism is used. The theoretical results are given for the ν3 bands of CH3F, OCS, and N2O.
Proton NMR Study of the Molecular Reorientation in the Trigonal Phase of Sodium Hydrosulfide
Authors: Jeffrey Kenneth R.
Published: October 2017

The second moment of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance line and the spin–lattice relaxation time were measured as functions of temperature throughout the trigonal phase of NaSH. Motional narrowing of the resonance line occurs at about 120 K. A T1 minimum was also observed indicating molecular reorientation of the SH− ion. The second moment and the relaxation times were calculated using several models for possible SH− ion motion. The best agreement with experimental results was obtained when the proton was considered to move between two positions either side of the sulfur atom along the trigonal axis.
Precise Atomic Mass Differences for
Authors: Barber R. C. , Barnard J. W. , Burrell D. A. , Meredith J. O. , Southon F. C. G. , Williams P. , Duckworth H. E.
Published: October 2017

A high resolution mass spectrometer has been used to determine new values for 16 atomic mass differences involving naturally occurring isotopes for [Formula: see text]. These new determinations, which were derived by means of a computer assisted peak matching system, have a precision ranging from 0.6 to 2.0 μu (0.6 to 1.8 keV) and thus are generally more precise than the corresponding nuclear reaction or decay Q values available in the region.
Stark Ladders in Crystals: Inclusion of Overlap
Authors: Richardson M. J. , Davison S. G.
Published: October 2017

The molecular orbital technique is used to study the Stark ladder effect in crystals. It is found that the field perturbation of the exchange integrals can be expressed in terms of the overlap integral. The inclusion of overlap in this way results in the Schrödinger equation being written as a hypergeometric difference equation, which is solved for both infinite and finite linear crystals. These solutions show that the overlap contribution causes an energy shift in the position of the Stark ladder, but leaves its gradient unchanged. Continued fraction properties are used to obtain the finite crystal solutions, which are expressed as upper and lower bounds of the perturbed energy spectrum.
Multipole Deformations in 19F and in the Neon Isotopes and Electric Multipole Strength in 19F from Inelastic Scattering of 30 MeV Protons
Authors: Swiniarski R. De , Genoux-Lubain A. , Bagieu G. , Cavaignac J. F.
Published: October 2017

Cross sections were measured for inelastic scattering of 30 MeV protons from 19F, 20Ne, 21Ne, and22Ne.

The cross sections of the ground state rotational band in these nuclei were analyzed in the coupled channels formalism and yield further evidence for a large hexadecapole deformation in 19F (β4 = 0.14 ± 0.04) and in 20Ne (β4 = 0.28 ± 0.05) in good agreement with several recent proton inelastic scattering experiments.

These calculations show also that the Y4 moment is small or close to zero in 21Ne and 22Ne (β4 ≤ 0.05).

The analysis of the available 19F cross section in the DWBA formalism shows evidence for a large and significant octupole transition strength for the 1.35 MeV (5/2−) (3.6 W.u.), the 5.43 MeV (7/2−) state (6.70 W.u.), and the 5.63 MeV (5/2−) state (3.60 W.u.). The measured transition strengths are generally in disagreement with recent low energy (α, α′) or (d, d′) results but also with the earlier Coulomb excitation measurements. Thus, we confirm that a major discrepancy still exists between inelastic scattering and Coulomb excitation of the octupole transition strength to several states in 19F but mainly to the 1.35 MeV (5/2−) state as was already pointed out some time ago from a low energy inelastic proton scattering experiment.

On a mesuré les sections efficaces pour la diffusion inélastique de protons de 30 MeV excitant les noyaux 19F, 20Ne, 21Ne et 22Ne.
Infrared Studies of Quantum Diffusion in Solid Hydrogen
Authors: Roffey B. J. , Boggs S. A. , Welsh H. L.
Published: October 2017

The present work is an extension of the infrared absorption measurements by Boggs and Welsh on the quantum diffusion of o-H2 molecules in almost pure p-H2 solid. The new data, combined with the earlier data, were analyzed statistically. The rate constant which characterizes the formation of o-H2 molecular pairs was found to be in the range 0.3–0.7 h−1 for ortho concentrations of 0.7–1.8% and temperatures from 1.14 to 2.10 K. The results show reasonable agreement with the theory of Oyarzún and Van Kranendonk.
Evaluation of the Bohm Sheath Criterion for Ion Density Determination
Authors: Prokopenko S. M. L. , Goodings J. M.
Published: October 2017

The Bohm sheath criterion requiring a minimum ion energy [Formula: see text] for sheath formation at a plasma boundary is discussed in connection with ion density determinations for planar, cylindrical, and spherical collection geometry. For truly planar geometry (i.e. an infinite plane collector) the ions must gain a large directed energy in the presheath (e.g., > 3.5 kTc for kTc = 1 eV) which will always exceed the Bohm minimum energy before a sheath is formed. In fact, Langmuir's original ion equation is applicable, and is compatible with the Bohm sheath criterion for the specific case of planar geometry. For cylindrical and spherical geometry, the necessary directed ion energy lies closer to, or may even equal, the Bohm minimum energy; however, uncertainty in the exact amount of directed energy required for sheath formation could lead to ion density determinations involving errors of nearly an order of magnitude in the two cases.
Comment on Rapid Numerical Solution of the One Dimensional Schrodinger Equation
Authors: Thorson Walter R.
Published: October 2017

In a recent article Wills alleges that the method for rapid numerical solution of the one dimensional Schrodinger equation devised by Newman and Thorson "is equivalent to the well known phase-amplitude method". A critique of this opinion is given.
The reduction of I2 by H2O2 in aqueous solution
Authors: Ball J M , Hnatiw J B
Published: October 2017

The reduction of I2 by hydrogen peroxide, a primary water radiolysis product, has been identified as a key reaction that would influence iodine volatility in nuclear reactor accident conditions (13). Although there have been a number of studies of the reduction of I2, there exists a great degree of controversy regarding the intermediates involved, the effect of buffers, and the general rate law (19). Because the rates and the mechanism of this reaction are important in predicting the pH dependence of iodine behaviour in reactor containment building after a postulated reactor accident, we have undertaken a kinetic study of I2 reduction by H2O2 in aqueous solution over a pH range of 69. The experiments were performed using stopped-flow instrumentation and monitoring the decay of I3 spectrophotometrically. The effects of buffer catalysis have been examined by comparison of kinetic data obtained in sodium barbital (5,5-diethylbarbituric acid), disodium citrate, and disodium hydrogen phosphate buffers. The effect of buffers, combined with the complex acid dependence of the rate law, explains many of the discrepancies reported in earlier literature.Key words: hydrogen peroxide, molecular iodine, kinetics, iodine volatility.
Synthesis and characterization of an homologous series of bis(amido)diazadipnictetidines (Pnict = P, As, Sb, Bi)
Authors: Burford Neil , Cameron T Stanley , Lam Kim-Chung , LeBlanc Daren J , Macdonald Charles LB , Phillips Andrew D , Rheingold Arnold L , Stark Laura , Walsh Denise
Published: October 2017

Spectroscopic and structural features are presented for the first homologous series of diazadipnictetidines, which have the general formula [DipNPnN(H)Dip]2 (Pn = P, As, Sb, Bi; Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). The compounds are obtained from a general reaction of the corresponding halopnictine with excess LiN(H)Dip, which was previously reported for [DipNBiN(H)Dip]2. However, isolation is improved by the introduction of LiN(H)-t-Bu (at the appropriate stoichiometry) following the addition of LiN(H)Dip. The intermediate steric presence of the Dip substituent is suitable to support the heterocatenate framework for all homologues. This is in contrast to the small substituents (e.g. alkyl), which enable both bis- and tris-amination, and the larger substituent (Mes* = tri-tert-butylphenyl), which can impose coordinative unsaturation (aminoiminopnictine) for the smaller congeners (P and As).Key words: phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, phosphazanes, phosphetidines, synthesis, structures, spectroscopic characterization.
Crystal and molecular structure of 1,1′-bi(3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-2-diphenylphosphinocyclobutene)
Authors: Rettig Steven J. , Trotter James
Published: October 2017

Crystals of 1,1′-bi(3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-2-diphenylphosphinocyclobutene) are monoclinic, a = 10.398(1), b = 18.484(1), c = 15.984(1) Å, β = 107.76(1)°, Z = 4, space group P21/c. The structure was solved by direct methods and was refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to a final R of 0.042 and Rw of 0.057 for 4226 reflections with I ≥ 3σ(I). The molecule has a cisoid configuration about the central C—C bond, the angle between the two cyclobutene rings being 34.3°. The overall molecular symmetry is approximately C2 with a P … P separation of 3.661(1) Å. Bond lengths and angles in the molecule are generally in good agreement with accepted values.
Alumina-assisted reduction of carbonyl compounds with sodium borohydride in hexane
Authors: Yakabe Shigetaka , Hirano Masao , Takashi Morimoto
Published: October 2017

A broad range of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic ketones and aldehydes underwent smooth reduction with a combination of common, inexpensive laboratory reagents, sodium borohydride and chromatographic neutral alumina, in hexane to afford the corresponding alcohols in a selective and high-yielding manner under mild and neutral conditions. The NaBH4-based biphasic system can also successfully be used for the reduction of unsaturated substrates as well as steroidal and highly hindered ketones.
THE PRESENCE OF ANTIBODY IN MACROPHAGE EXTRACTS
Authors: Girard Kenneth F. , Murray E. G. D.
Published: October 2017

By means of intrapleural injections of gum arabic – beef extract mixtures into rabbits with an induced monocytosis it was possible to produce exudates wherein the predominating cell type was the monocyte. Exudates so-invoked in rabbits undergoing a secondary response showed that antibody was present in higher concentration within the exudate cells than in the supernatant fluid or blood plasma. However, passively introduced antiserum was also concentrated within these cells. Although it cannot be asserted that the monocytes themselves synthesize antibody, it nevertheless appears quite likely that these cells can take it up in considerable quantity.
POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS
Authors: Wood W. , Clark Eina M. , Shimada F. T. , Rhodes A. J.
Published: October 2017

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.
THE METABOLISM OF DL-HYDROXYPROLINE-2-C14 IN THE RAT
Authors: Gianetto R. , Bouthillier L. P.
Published: October 2017

DL-Hydroxyproline-2-C14 was synthesized with an over-all yield of about three per cent as calculated on the amount of carbon dioxide employed as radioactive starting material. DL-Hydroxyproline-2-C14 given to three normal rats by intraperitoneal injection was shown to be slowly metabolized. A scheme is suggested for the conversion of this amino acid into glutamic and aspartic acids.
THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF CELL WALL CARBOHYDRATES: GLUCOSE-C14 AS A CELLULOSE PRECURSOR IN WHEAT PLANTS
Authors: Brown Stewart A. , Neish A. C.
Published: October 2017

The formation of cellulose in wheat plants has been studied using as precursors glucose-1-C14, sorbitol-1-C14, and succinic acid-2,3-C14, which were administered to the plant aseptically by injection of sterile solutions into the hollow internodes. Glucose obtained by hydrolysis of the cellulose, isolated after the plants had grown for 24 to 48 hr. following the injection of labelled glucose, showed a concentration of at least 50% of the total C14 in carbon-1. When sorbitol was injected most of the carbon-14 was fairly evenly divided between C-1 and C-6, and when succinic acid was used evidence of a comparatively uniform labelling of the glucose was obtained. The results indicate that there is considerable conversion of glucose to cellulose without skeletal rearrangement, and that there is also appreciable cellulose formation from resynthesized glucose. Sorbitol is not an intermediate between glucose and cellulose; it is suggested that it is converted to glucose largely by way of three-carbon fragments.
THE GLYCEROL DEHYDROGENASES OF PSEUDOMONAS SALINARIA, VIBRIO COSTICOLUS, AND ESCHERICHIA COLI IN RELATION TO BACTERIAL HALOPHILISM
Authors: Baxter R. M. , Gibbons N. E.
Published: October 2017

Glycerol dehydrogenases from the extremely halophilic Pseudomonas salinaria and the moderately halophilic Vibrio costicolus are described and compared with the corresponding enzyme from the nonhalophilic Escherichia coli. The properties of all three enzymes are similar except their responses to salt concentration. The enzymes from E. coli and V. costicolus are most active at sodium chloride concentrations of about 0.25 M and 0.5 M respectively; that from P. salinaria is not only most active in the presence of 1.5 M NaCl but is irreversibly inactivated in the absence of salt. All three enzymes are more active in the presence of potassium chloride than of sodium chloride at any given molar concentration. These results suggest that the extremely halophilic bacteria contain high concentrations of salt and that their enzymes function maximally at these high concentrations. In contrast the moderately halophilic organisms contain relatively little salt and their enzymes are more comparable with those of nonhalophiles.
PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND: THE MECHANISM OF THE CHANGE AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY
Authors: Riedel B. E. , Rossiter R. J.
Published: October 2017

The specific activity of the intracellular inorganic phosphate (P) of the adrenal gland relative to that of the inorganic P of the plasma is significantly decreased in hypophysectomized rats at time intervals as long as 16 hr. after the injection of inorganic P labelled with P32. The specific activity of the intracellular inorganic P was determined (1) by measuring the specific activity of the easily-hydrolyzable acid-soluble P, which rapidly comes into isotope equilibrium with the intracellular inorganic P, (2) by calculation, from the specific activity of the inorganic P of the whole adrenal, assuming values for the specific activity and the concentration of the inorganic P of the extracellular fluid and the volume of the extracellular fluid compartment, and (3) by measuring the specific activities of the inorganic P of both the adrenal gland and the plasma at a series of time intervals after the injection of the P32. It is concluded that the decrease in the relative specific activity of the intracellular inorganic P of the adrenal is the result of a slowing in the passage of inorganic P32 across the cell membrane, i.e. from the extracellular to the intracellular fluid.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES IN DOGS TO LARGE INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS
Authors: Gowdey C. W. , Hatcher J. D. , Sunahara F. A.
Published: October 2017

The effects of a continuous, slow, intravenous infusion of gum acacia solution have been measured in anesthetized dogs. When the volume of the circulation was increased and the hematocrit value reduced, the cardiac output, intracardiac pressures, and peripheral blood flows began to increase. In some experiments these changes continued until sudden cardiac decompensation occurred during which the arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and peripheral blood flows were reduced while the mean right auricular and ventricular pressures increased markedly. Analysis of the results indicates that up to the time of the highest cardiac output there is a closer correlation between cardiac output and hematocrit value than between cardiac output and mean right auricular pressure.
STUDIES ON THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD: II. THE GLYCOLYTIC BEHAVIOR OF BLOOD DURING STORAGE
Authors: Pappius Hanna M. , Denstedt Orville F.
Published: October 2017

The chemical changes that occur in erythrocytes when blood is admixed with isotonic sodium citrate and stored at 5 °C have been studied. When the residual glucose content of the red cells is depleted, about the fifth day of storage, the continuity of the glycolytic system is interrupted, as indicated by an abrupt decrease in the concentration of diphosphoglycerate and a rise in pyruvate. These changes can be retarded by the addition of glucose to the preservative medium at the beginning of storage or at any time before the residual glucose content becomes depleted. The nature and sequence of the chemical changes that occur during storage are the same whether the blood specimen is preserved in the defibrinated state or in the presence of citrate. Also these changes are the same, except in rate, at temperatures between 5° and 37 °C.
NUTRITION OF ANIMAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE: VII. USE OF REPLICATE CELL CULTURES IN THE EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC MEDIA
Authors: Parker Raymond C. , Healy George M. , Fisher Dorothy C.
Published: October 2017

The replicate culture assay procedures of Earle and his associates have been adapted for use in evaluating the effectiveness of synthetic media. For this purpose, use has also been made of Earle's L strain mouse cells. Washed and continuously stirred suspensions of these or similar strains of cells may be dispensed, with reasonable assurance of uniformity, into a series of replicate cultures, the number depending on the volume of the suspension and the capacity and effectiveness of the stirring and dispensing unit. For use with synthetic media, the original procedures for the preparation and care of the replicate cultures and for their subsequent treatment for the counting of isolated, stained nuclei have been modified considerably. This paper describes the procedures that were finally adopted and also describes a relatively simple screening procedure in which washed cell suspensions may be used to advantage in making preliminary assays of synthetic media and in testing the relative toxicity or growth stimulating effects of substances added to, or derived from, natural media.
THE LACK OF EFFECT OF VITAMIN E ON THE BLOOD CLOTTING MECHANISM
Authors: Paul Rachel M. , Lewis J. A. , DeLuca H. A.
Published: October 2017

The oral administration of vitamin E to human subjects in dail doses of 600 mgm. for seven days failed to evoke any blood change in clotting times, prothrombin times, or plasma fibrinogen levels. There was a small increase in platelet level which was statistically of borderline significance.
INTRACELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHOMONOESTERASES IN RAT LIVER HOMOGENATE
Authors: Allard Claude , Lamirande Gaston de , Faria Hugo , Cantero Antonio
Published: October 2017

Acid phosphatase or phosphomonoesterase II activity of rat and mouse liver homogenates, prepared in 0.25 M sucrose, was found mainly in the cytoplasmic granules. Since the small percentage of activity of the nuclear fraction activity could be explained by the presence of mitochondria (which were actually counted in this fraction) it is concluded that rat and mouse liver nuclei do not contain acid phosphatase activity.A rather broad range of acid phosphatase activity was observed in rat and mouse livers depending on the time elapsed between the preparation of homogenate and the activity determinations. However, a preincubation of the tissues or isolated fractions at 37° C. for 60 min. was sufficient to increase the activity to an optimal value, and thus eliminate variations due to the latency of this enzyme.Alkaline phosphatase or phosphomonoesterase I activity was also found to be latent in rat liver homogenates. The phenomenon was less apparent than for acid phosphatase and seemed to depend mostly on the nature of the buffer employed in the assay system.Some evidence for the presence of two forms of alkaline phosphatase in rat liver cells is presented. One form of the enzyme was found to have an absolute requirement of magnesium for activity and was present in the soluble fraction, whereas the other which was not activated by magnesium seemed firmly linked to the nuclei and microsomes and was absent in the soluble fraction. The activity in the mitochondrial fraction was small and seemed of doubtful significance.
TISSUE GLYCOGEN AND GLUCOSE ABSORPTION IN RATS ADAPTED TO COLD
Authors: Pagé Edouard , Babineau Louis-Marie
Published: October 2017

Fasted rats previously fed a high fat ration and adapted to cold maintain their liver glycogen as efficiently as their controls kept at room temperature. On a high carbohydrate diet, fasting liver glycogen is markedly higher in the cold adapted animals. Glucose absorption rate on the high fat regime is nearly 70% higher following adaptation to cold.
STUDIES ON THE ISOLATION AND NATURE OF THE 'TERREGENS FACTOR'
Authors: Burton M. O. , Sowden F. J. , Lochhead A. G.
Published: October 2017

A procedure is described for the production and concentration of the 'terregens factor' (TF), a bacterial growth promoting substance synthesized by Arthrobacter pascens and essential for the growth of Arthrobacter terregens. From culture filtrates of A. pascens cultivated in a medium of inorganic salts and sucrose, concentrates of TF may be obtained that are active at 0.001 μgm. Per ml., heat stable and contain about 12.7% nitrogen. Acid hydrolysis yielded a number of amino acids, including glutamic acid, glycine, α–alanine, valine, leucine, proline, lysine, and arginine, as well as some unidentified compounds; however, TF does not appear to be a low molecular weight straight chain peptide.Although TF contains no iron, it combines readily with ferrous or ferric iron to form reddish-brown complexes with this metal. Activity for A. terregens is shown by certain iron containing complexes as hemin, coprogen, and ferrichrome. On the other hand none is shown by cytochrome or pulcherrimin; however, aspergillic acid, structurally related to the latter, possesses some growth promoting activity for the test organism.
CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE RAT, AND THE EFFECT ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE CONTINUOUS INFUSION OF GLUCOSE
Authors: Kinash B. , Haist R. E.
Published: October 2017

A method is described for the continuous intravenous infusion of fluids in the unanesthetized rat. When rats were infused continuously with glucose solutions for 6–14 days the total amount of islet tissue was greatly increased, as compared to that of saline-infused controls. This increase was evident also when considered in relation to pancreas weight or body weight.
THE ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF CITRIC ACID BY CELL-FREE EXTRACTS OFASPERGILLUS NIGER
Authors: Ramakrishnan C. V. , Martin S. M.
Published: October 2017

Cell-free extracts of Aspergillus niger, N.R.C. 233, have been shown to contain the enzymes necessary to catalyze the synthesis of citrate from ATP, acetate, and oxalacetate. The "condensing enzyme", which catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-coenzyme A and oxalacetate to yield citrate, has been isolated and purified approximately 50-fold by a combination of steps involving ammonium sulphate fractionation and calcium phosphate gel adsorption.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CEREBRAL ARTERIES: THE CONCENTRATION OF LIPIDS AND MINERALS COMPARED WITH THOSE IN THE INTERNAL CAROTID
Authors: Buck Robert C. , Paterson James C. , Rossiter Roger J.
Published: October 2017

The concentration of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, total phospholipid, nonlipid phosphorus, calcium, and fat-free dry residue was determined in the internal carotid and cerebral arteries obtained at autopsy from a series of 14 male subjects ranging in age from 40 to 85 yr. From these figures the concentration of cholesterol ester and percentage of the total cholesterol in the ester form was calculated.In terms of wet weight, there was, in general, no significant difference between the mean concentration of lipids in the internal carotid arteries and that in the cerebral arteries. On the other hand, the mean concentration of calcium and nonlipid phosphorus was much greater in the internal carotid arteries than in the cerebral arteries.By the method of rank correlation it was found that for both vessels the concentration of total, free, and ester cholesterol was significantly correlated with both age and the severity of the atherosclerosis. Ester cholesterol expressed as a percentage of total cholesterol was also significantly correlated with age and the severity of the disease process.For the internal carotid artery, the concentration of calcium and nonlipid phosphorus was correlated with both age and the severity of the atherosclerosis. This was in contrast to the cerebral arteries in which the concentration of calcium and nonlipid phosphorus was extremely low and was found to be correlated neither with age nor the severity of the disease process.
UROPEPSIN AND PLASMA PEPSINOGEN AFTER THE INJECTION OF HISTAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN DOSES PROVOKING ACUTE GASTRIC ULCERS IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Kowalewski Konstanty
Published: October 2017

The effect of an injection of histamine dihydrochloride on the endocrine activity of gastric peptic cells in guinea pigs was investigated. The endocrine activity of the stomach was measured by the determination of an enzyme present in urine (uropepsin) and in the blood (plasma pepsinogen). The dose of histamine injected into the animals in this experiment induced gastric ulcers, found in all sacrificed guinea pigs four hours after the administration of histamine. Uropepsin and plasma pepsinogen were significantly increased in the animals treated with histamine. There appeared to be an analogy between the response to histamine and the results obtained by other writers studing the effect of stress and ACTH on the endocrine activity of the stomach. The possibility is considered that the increase of both uropepsin and pepsinogen in stress or after ACTH is mediated by endogenous histamine.
LECITHINASE SYSTEMS IN SUGAR BEET, SPINACH, CABBAGE, AND CARROT
Authors: Kates Morris
Published: October 2017

Lecithinase activity of aqueous extracts of sugar beet, spinach, or cabbage leaves, and of carrot root was found to be associated entirely with the plastid fractions, separated by high-speed centrifugation. The supernatant cell sap–cytoplasm fractions were not only inactive but actually inhibitory. The rate of enzymatic liberation of choline from lecithin by all plastid fractions was found to be greatly increased by saturation with diethyl ether. The influence of pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and temperature on the rate of ether-activated choline liberation was studied and optimum conditions for the reaction were determined. Under optimum conditions, liberation of choline from lecithin by each of the plastid fractions was rapid and was accompanied by a much slower liberation of inorganic and water-soluble organic phosphate; liberation of phosphates was much greater with spinach than with the other species. Thermal inactivation and fluoride inhibition of the enzyme systems were also studied.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF KYNURENINE AND p-PHENETIDINE IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Špaček M.
Published: October 2017

A simple, sensitive, fairly specific, and accurate procedure is described for the simultaneous quantitative determination of kynurenine and p-phenetidine in human urine. It is based on alkaline decomposition of kynurenine and conjugated p-phenetidine to yield o-aminoacetophenone and p-phenetidine, respectively.
THE ROLE OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN INTESTINAL ABSORPTION: II. THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS CARBOHYDRATES ON LEVELS OF THE ENZYME IN INTESTINAL MUCOSA
Authors: Tuba Jules , Dickie Nestor
Published: October 2017

Adult male rats were deprived of food for five days. Various groups of these animals were then offered cellulose or cellulose mixed with one of seven other carbohydrates. Six hours after food was placed before them, the animals were killed by decapitation, and a portion of the intestine from each rat was homogenized. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase estimations indicated (1) that the activity of the enzyme was increased significantly by the ingestion of glucose, galactose, fructose, and mannose, whereas (2) there was not a statistically significant elevation of the enzyme level in those animals which had been fed cellulose, arabinose, xylose, or sucrose. This would appear to suggest that alkaline phosphatase is involved in the intestinal absorption of some monosaccharides.
A COMPARISON OF DEXTRAN, POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE, AND ISOTONIC SALINE INFUSION IN THE HUMAN
Authors: Armstrong John B. , Downey John A. , Ferguson Marion H. , Williams Hugh R.
Published: October 2017

Dextran or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was administered to 24 normal subjects. Dextran or isotonic saline was administered to 14 subjects following venesection. The effects of venesection only were studied in an additional 10 subjects. Dextran and PVP remain in appreciable quantities in the circulation for 72 hr. and are much superior to saline in the maintenance of blood dilution following venesection. Systemic allergic reactions occurred in 6 of 19 subjects that received dextran and in none of 12 that received PVP. As considerable discrepancy was found between hematocrit and plasma protein dilution following modest hemorrhage, it is problematic which if either of these two elements should be used as an index of changes in plasma volume.
METABOLISM OF MAMMALIAN ERYTHROCYTES: VII. THE GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE OF THE MAMMALIAN ERYTHROCYTE
Authors: Francoeur Marc , Denstedt Orville F.
Published: October 2017

In the presence of the stroma-free hemolyzate of rat, rabbit, and human erythrocytes, GSSG has been shown to be reduced by G-6-P and TPN+, HDP and DPN+, or by chemically reduced TPNH and DPNH. Evidence has been presented that DPNH–GSSG reductase requires a cofactor for full activity.
LIPIDS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
Authors: Fairbairn Donald
Published: October 2017

The female reproductive organs of Ascaris lumbricoides represented one fifth of the total fresh weight and contained two thirds of the total body lipids. These lipids consisted of saponifiables (79%) and unsaponifiables (21%). Phospholipids of the lecithin–cephalin type were present, as well as an abundance of triglycerides. The latter contained unusually large amounts of C2—C0 saturated volatile acids among which acetic and hexanoic acids predominated. Ascaryl alcohol was the major constituent of the large unsaponifiable fraction, and on the basis of previous chemical analyses and of infrared spectra a hypothetical structure is proposed. A sterol mixture containing significant proportions of both saturated and unsaturated components was also isolated, but not identified further.
PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE LIVER: EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY, ADRENALECTOMY, AND ADMINISTRATIONOF ACTH ON THE INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHATE INTO RNA NUCLEOTIDES
Authors: Logan J. E. , Heagy F. C. , Rossiter R. J.
Published: October 2017

The specific activity of the liver RNA nucleotide phosphorus, relative to the specific activity of the liver inorganic phosphate, was determined in the rat, 16 hr. after an intraperitoneal injection of radioactive inorganic phosphate. The nucleotides were isolated by ionophoresis on paper strips.Hypophysectomy caused a decrease in the relative specific activity of each of the four RNA nucleotides. The administration of ACTH caused an increase in the incorporation of P32 into each of the RNA nucleotides of the liver of hypophysectomized animals, but it caused a small and statistically significant decrease in normal animals. Adrenalectomy, either in normal or in hypophysectomized rats, did not affect the P32 incorporation, nor did the administration of ACTH in the absence of the adrenal glands.It is concluded that ACTH can affect the incorporation of P32 into the RNA of the liver and that this effect is due to the action of the hormone on the adrenal cortex. However, other factors also must be operative, since removal of the adrenal glands does not cause the decrease in the P32 incorporation observed after removal of the pituitary.
A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELED GLUCOSE
Authors: Boothroyd B. , Brown Stewart A. , Thorn J. A. , Neish A. C.
Published: October 2017

A procedure based on the work of Jackson and Hudson was developed for the degradation of methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside formed from 2 millimoles of glucose. Oxidation of the glucoside with periodic acid gave C-3 as formic acid and a dialdehyde which was converted to the strontium salt of D′-methoxy-D-hydroxymethyl diglycolic acid. The purified salt was hydrolyzed to glyoxylic and glyceric acids. The glyoxylic acid was isolated as the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (C-1 + C-2); this was decarboxylated by heat to give carbon dioxide from C-2. The glyceric acid was oxidized by periodate to give C-4 as carbon dioxide, C-5 as formic acid, and C-6 as formaldehyde. This degradation permitted the determination of C14 in each position of the glucose molecule, the activity in C-1 being determined by difference. The method was applied to glucose-1-C14 and a sample of glucose labeled in all positions with satisfactory results.
THE LIPID COMPONENTS IN THE VITELLINE MEMBRANE OF ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES EGGS
Authors: Fairbairn Donald , Passey Beverley I.
Published: October 2017

The preparation of embryonated ascaris eggs enclosed only by the vitelline membrane is described. No impairment of membrane structure or function was observed. Membrane and larval fractions were separated, and their lipids analyzed. The membrane lipids were nearly all unsaponifiable, and consisted mainly of ascaryl alcohol. Larval lipids were primarily saponifiable, but also contained significant amounts of ascaryl alcohol, and nearly all of the sterols. Because the vitelline membrane dissolved in chloroform and similar solvents, ascaryl alcohol was judged to be a major component. The results are compared with previous observations and hypotheses concerning the vitelline membrane of nematode eggs.