bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional stability of the second mitotic spindle in blastomeres and its association
with multinucleation repair
Authors: Sakaguchi Taichi , Terada Yukihiro , Shirasawa Hiromitsu , Ono Yuki , Takahashi Kazumasa , Goto Mayumi , Okabe Motonari , Ariake Chika , Tuya Akari , Hirakawa Takeo , Iwasawa Takuya , Fujishima Akiko , Onodera Yohei , Sugawara Tae , Makino Kenichi , Miura Hiroshi , Kumazawa Yukiyo , Fukunaga Noritaka , Asada Yoshimasa
Published: July 2024

During human embryonic development, early cleavage divisions are prone to errors,
with abnormal division, non-segregation of chromosomes, and multinucleation often
observed during the first mitosis. Some studies suggest that the nuclear status at the 2
cell stage does not affect blastocyst progression or implantation; however, chromosomal
aneuploidy at the blastocyst stage is linked to the nuclear status at the 4-cell stage. We
fluorescently labelled DNA and microtubules in 21 blastomeres of human 2-cell
embryos and used confocal microscopy to study spindle morphology, chromosomal
dynamics, and nuclear status during the second mitosis. We found significantly fewer
multinucleated blastomeres in 4-cell embryos than in 2-cell embryos (22% vs. 56%:
P=0.03). The second mitotic spindles were bipolar in 14 and multipolar in 7 of the 21
blastomeres. Most daughter cells from bipolar spindles were mononuclear. Further, the
second mitotic bipolar spindles showed no defocusing poles. Pre-implantation genetic
testing for aneuploidy analysis showed that multinucleation at the 4-cell stage did not
necessarily reflect aneuploidy at the blastocyst stage. Errors in the first mitosis might be
repaired in the second, suggesting that understanding early mitosis can improve embryo
evaluation methods.
Gross Anatomy Retention Methods and Learning Preferences Amongst Doctor of Chiropractic Students; Dissection Versus Wet Prosection
Authors: Gonzalez-Sola Maryvi
Published: July 2024

Utilizing cadaveric dissection and wet prosection is essential for student engagement and learning strategies in understanding human gross anatomy at the Doctor of Chiropractic school level. Dissection not only aids in learning anatomy and its clinical correlations but also promotes discipline and critical thinking skills. However, combining dissection with prosections, plastinations, and computer-aided technology is more effective and efficient. This study purpose is to evaluate student preferences and retention efficacy between dissection and prosection methods of students enrolled at a chiropractic school. Survey results from 51 subjects indicated a significant preference for cadaveric dissection (67%) over prosection (53%) and a belief in better retention through dissection (57%) compared to prosection (55%). The findings suggest educational programs should emphasize cadaveric dissection while integrating prosection to cater to diverse learning preferences and enhance anatomical education outcomes.
Short-term imidacloprid exposure in juvenile fish triggers physiological and biochemical responses
Authors: Osazee Erhunmwunse Nosakhare , Pajiah Timeyin James , Ogodo Victory Junior
Published: July 2024

The extensive use of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides in agriculture is a significant factor contributing to pollution in aquatic systems. Currently, there is no comprehensive data available on the effects of imidacloprid and other neonicotinoids on fish (Clarias gariepinus) biochemical and behavioral parameters. Several biomarkers, as well as mortality, behavioral alterations, and biochemical changes, were assessed to determine the impact of imidacloprid on Clarias gariepinus. The results demonstrated a substantial difference in fish mortality after exposure to imidacloprid (96-h LC50 = 166.60 mg/L) and the fish behavior varied with concentration and time of exposure. A significant difference (p = 0.0140) in mortality was observed in fish exposed to imidacloprid compared to the control. All exposed fish showed noticeable distress symptoms, represented by under-reactivity to stimulus, hypoventilation, gulping, abnormal surface distribution, and poor swimming movement. The GPx activity of control and exposed fish differed noticeably (p<0.05) at 130 mg/L. The alteration of several hepatic biomarkers of fish exposed to imidacloprid observed in this study indicates potential damage to the liver, which is a vital organ responsible for the detoxification and metabolism of xenobiotics. The results from this study could be used as a baseline for future research investigating the long-term effects of imidacloprid exposure on fish and other aquatic organisms
Enhancing Contextual Understanding in Large Language Models with Dynamic Dependency Structures: A Methodological Approach
Authors: Ito Maki , Nishikawa Haruto , Sakamoto Yuna
Published: July 2024

The sophisticated machine learning models transformed the ability to understand and generate human language, yet challenges remain in maintaining contextual coherence and relevance over extended sequences. Introducing dynamic dependency structures into GPT-Neo represents a significant advancement, enabling real-time adaptation of syntactic relationships based on evolving context, thereby enhancing the model's performance in generating contextually appropriate and coherent text. The integration of a context-aware dependency updater and reinforcement learning techniques has demonstrated substantial improvements in both quantitative metrics such as perplexity and BLEU scores and qualitative human evaluations. This research details the implementation and evaluation of the modified GPT-Neo model, showcasing its superior capabilities in tasks like machine translation and text summarization. The findings highlight the potential of dynamic dependency structures to address the limitations of traditional fixed dependency frameworks, offering a robust methodological advancement for more sophisticated language modeling. By enhancing the ability to capture complex and contextually relevant information, the proposed approach paves the way for the development of more advanced AI systems capable of performing complex language processing tasks with greater accuracy and fluency.
Normal Renal Parenchymal Thickness Values in Ethiopian Adults
Authors: Gebrekidan Messay
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to establish renal parenchymal thickness (RPT) values in a normal Ethiopian population using ultrasound.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Ayder Specialized Referral Hospital in Mekelle, Tigray region, Ethiopia, from February to May 2018. A total of 375 adult patients with no history of renal disease were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression to determine RPT values and their relationship with demographic variables.
Results: The mean RPT in males was 15.63 ± 2.63 mm for the right kidney and 16.36 ± 3.45 mm for the left kidney. In females, the mean RPT was 15.54 ± 2.8 mm for the right kidney and 16.6 ± 4.11 mm for the left kidney. The left kidney's mean RPT was significantly higher than the right kidney's. A negative correlation was observed between age and RPT, indicating a decrease in RPT with increasing age. No significant gender differences were found in mean RPT.
Conclusion: This study established baseline RPT values for normal adults in Tigray, Ethiopia, revealing lower RPT values compared to other populations. These findings underscore the importance of localized normative data for accurate renal disease diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to explore the causes and implications of these differences, including early diagnosis of chronic renal disease (CKD).
The Narrative of Parthenius (Ageev) on the Accession of the Kyrgyz Steppe to Russia: from the History of Christianization of Central Asian Peoples
Authors: Smirnova Irina Yu. ,   Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

In the context of studying the history of the Orthodox presence of Russia in Central Asia and Western China, we have analyzed the well-known narrative source – the note of schema-abbot Parthenius (Aggeyev 1806–1878) “First news of the Russians in Ghulja” from the point of view of its objectivity and correspondence to the historical events of the 3rd quarter of the XIXth century, associated with the annexation of Central Asian territories to the Russian Empire, such as the establishment of Russian consulates in Kuldzha and Chuguchak (1851), the fate of Russian trading posts during the Dungan uprising (1850s – 1860s), the Kuldzha campaign of General G. A. Kolpakovsky and the annexation of the Kuldzha region to the Turkestan General Government (1871), the first stages of negotiations on its return to China (1870s). We pay particular attention to the main plot of Parthenius’s narrative – the Orthodox Christianization of the Central Asian peoples who accepted Russian citizenship. The methodological basis was the methods of historical science (chronological, comparative, content analysis, etc.) with the involvement of the results of research by authoritative historians and archival documents from Russian archives that were not introduced into scientific circulation in order to comply with the principles of historicism and objectivity. In the process of research based on linking plots from the text of schema-abbot Parthenius (Ageev) to specific events from the history of the acquisition of Central Asian possessions by the Russian Empire, it was possible to reconstruct the picture described by Parthenius and correct the shortcomings made by the author. As the results of the analysis have shown, the picture presented by Parthenius, despite the deviations from the chronological and geographical framework, corresponds in the main to the real events and can serve as evidence of the voluntary acculturation of the population of the accession territories. In this respect, the Fr. Parthenius’ narrative is a valuable historical source that should be taken into account when reconstructing the processes of migration, assimilation and Christianization of the peoples of the Kyrgyz steppe and Western China.
Nutrition Culture of Indigenous Peoples in the Context of Socio-Cultural Space of Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Kudashkin Vyacheslav A. ,   Bratsk State University
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the process of formation of new food traditions among the indigenous peoples of Russia in the period of 1992–2000. The diversity and variety of methodological concepts, an interdisciplinary approach in historical science at the beginning of the XXI century allowed the humanitarian intelligentsia to study the interethnic problems of Soviet and Russian society. The socio-cultural approach that has been established in the last two decades makes it possible to qualitatively compare various historical events in dynamics. In the history of any state, we can trace ethnic processes that, as facts, causally or illogically, can influence the history of the development or extinction of individual nations, peoples and nationalities. The author recreates the historical processes of the influence of market relations on food as one of the most important processes in the life support of any person. We conclude that with the decline of the Soviet Union, a complex process of reorganization of economic and logistics chains serving the northern territories of Russia began. We also conclude that the lack of the necessary legislative framework, the lack of social adaptation skills, the decrease in the use of the northern sea route and the change in ownership forms in agricultural management had a negative impact on the development of food practices. The results of the study showed that in the conditions of a transforming social structure, there was a significant difference in values and in traditional nutrition. The national cuisine of the indigenous peoples is characterized by the use of specific food products and cooking recipes, which are a unique spiritual heritage. The analysis of the materials shows that the traditional cooking of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North was formed as knowledge about the methods of their preparation developed, which ranged from oral creativity to scientific research. Western European cuisine was not available to thepeoples of the North, and therefore the search for the most optimal ways of cooking began. In general, it can be concluded that the need to search for culinary recipes was expressed among indigenous peoples in a return to traditionalism in the national cuisine.
Fibulae in the Form of Overlays in the Archeology of the Western Balts of the Merovingian Age
Authors: Kulakov Vladimir I. ,   Institute of Archeology RAS
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to a unique phenomenon in the archeology of the Baltics – Aestii and Prussian brooches imitating belt linings and details of a horse headband. They date from the early 5th – early 8th century AD. According to its shape, these brooches are divided into two variants. Fibulae var. 1 of the early phase of the era of the Great Migration of Peoples are associated with the Aestii of Sambia on the threshold of the emergence of the Prussian archaeological culture, and the clasps of var. 2 came out of the workshops of the western part of the Masurian Lake District in the final phase of the mentioned era. The sizes and shapes of the studied brooches directly point to their prototypes: linings of various accessories. By searching for such analogies, the origin and dating of brooches-overlays obtained as a result of excavations of burial grounds on the western outskirts of the Baltic world is clarified. The brooches of both of the aforementioned variants, belonging to the bearers of the cultures of various Western Baltic tribes, were made over the course of three centuries (with interruptions). Fasteners var. 1 were included in male and female burial complexes. Fasteners var. 2 belonged exclusively to male complexes. The social affiliation of the owners of brooches var. 2 can be defined as members (or relatives) of a squad group. It was professional warriors who had luxurious horse headbands with fours, imitating the Frankish models of the Merovingian era. A similar phenomenon was noted on the example of women’s pendants with retinue symbols in Eastern European antiquities of the Viking Age, which was not previously noted in Russian archeology.
Rhetorical Construct of the Self: An Exploration of Writings of Teacher Education Students with Delayed College Enrollment
Authors: Bañez Richard Mendoza ,   College of Teacher Education, Batangas State University JPLPC-Malvar, G. Leviste Street, Poblacion, Malvar, Batangas, 4233 Philippines
Published: July 2024

Understanding people’s thinking and actions through exploring their word choice in written discourse can provide an objective analysis of their behavioural patterns in responding to life adversities. This study utilising quantitative and qualitative approaches is an attempt to investigate the coping mechanisms as response to the challenges of pursuing a bachelor’s degree of teacher education students who had postponed their college enrollment after graduating from high school. This investigation revolved around analysing students’ written essays for personality type profiling using M. A. K. Halliday’s Transitivity Theory and exploiting their aspired professional identity employing Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The analysis of students’ written essays dealing with life challenges revealed their dominant actor, carrier and senser-personality types that reinforced their self consciousness enabling them to be reflective and strategic in addressing life challenges. Moreover, the conceptual metaphor “Teachers are Heroes”, as disclosed by the metaphorical constructs of their aspired professional identity, helped them develop motivation, as they realised the significant role which professional teachers play in the society. This self-identification derived from their projected personality types and the motivation they gained from realising their aspired professional identity served as a coping mechanism by stimulating their confidence in dealing with the challenges associated with continuing their college education. To enhance self-awareness and promote self-reflection among teacher education students, this study advocates the integration of the theories of transitivity and metaphor into teacher education curricula for professional identity development.
Rethinking Human Resources in Public Administration: An Empirical Analysis of the Problem of the Ineffective Usage of Human Resources in the Public Sector
Authors: Esen Adem , Çığman Muhammed Zahid , Demirkol Mustafa , Özgül Mahmut Hüdayi
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the possible causes and consequences of the problem of ineffective utilization of human resources in the public sector, with reference to the philosophy of "Let the people live so that the state may live", through the extreme example of passive public servants in the public sector, who are also characterized as " benched ". The lack of research focusing on the ineffective usage of human resources in Turkish public administration requires the study to use a research design with a strong exploratory aspect. The importance of this study is to contribute to the knowledge in the focus on the problem of effective use of human resources, which has been constantly mentioned but has not been empirically investigated until now. It is possible to be carried out within the framework of the study to collect and analyze data more easily, especially on sensitive issues such as inactive public officials. Qualitative case design allows to obtain detailed information about a particular social/administrative situation, event, or group and to make unique discoveries about problems. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 47 public employees in the study sample. The reasons for the ineffective usage of human resources can be summarized as follows; Political patronage relations, nepotism, incompetence, unawareness, etc. Consequences of ineffective usage of human resources can be summarized as; loss of motivation and possible job dissatisfaction and problems of person-environment fit, financial weakness, loss of national performance, loss of confidence, loss of individual performance, and inefficiency.
Mosque and Society: Cambridge Central Mosque “A British Mosque for the 21st Century”
Authors: Efeoglu Nur , Cetinkaya Merve
Published: July 2024

Mosques are at the heart of Muslim lives, especially in non-Muslim communities—the variety of cultures and nationalities of the immigrants determines the concept of mosques in Britain. The landscape of the mosques in Britain differs in regard to the cultural, national and denominational concepts. Most of the mosques are focused on either specific nationalities or denominations. The current article explores the ways in which mosques are situated in contemporary societies in relation to expressing Islamic and cultural identities, using Cambridge Central Mosque, which debuted in Britain in 2019 with the motto "eco-friendly", as a case study. The current research focuses primarily on examining the architectural, sustainable, and social aspects of the Cambridge Central Mosque. After engaging with the design feature of the Mosque, the article questions the meaning of 'British Mosque' in its functioning and multicultural structure. Eco-friendly mosques have been on the agenda since the beginning of Islam. There are many mosques in history. For example, Esrefoglu Mosque in Konya was built using ecological materials and has survived for 900 years. In the 21st century, the increased interest in eco-friendly buildings due to the growing rate of industrialisation and the ensuing pollution of the environment has reminded us to focus on sustainability, as it has always been a core concept in Islam and Muslim lives. Offering a good perspective on this issue, The Cambridge Central Mosque represents an overarching space for all Muslims, women, and families. It is an example of environmentally friendly, sustainable, and integrated with the social structure in the modern world.
Bağlantısızlık Hareketinin Soğuk Savaş Siyasetindeki Etkinliği: Bağlantısızlık 2.0 için İmkân ve Kısıtlar
Authors: Morçiçek Hakan , Avcı Yasin
Published: July 2024

Bağlantısızlık Hareketi (BH) Soğuk Savaş siyasetini karakterize eden kutuplaşma, nüfuz alanları oluşturma ve blok politikalarına sıkı sıkıya bağlı kalmaya karşı; bağımsızlık, self determinasyon, eşitlik ve iş birliği gibi değerleri savunarak Soğuk Savaş döneminin gerilimlerinin yumuşamasını, Birleşmiş Milletler’in (BM) ve uluslararası ilişkilerin demokratikleşmesini, Üçüncü Dünya ülkelerinin uluslararası sisteme entegre edilmesini ve uluslararası gündemin pozitif yönlü değişmesini sağlamıştır. BH ayrıca Soğuk Savaş döneminin askerî yapısını nitelendiren silahlanma yarışı, nükleer silahlar, askerî paktlar, yabancı üsler ve vekalet savaşlarına karşı; silahsızlanma, barış içinde bir arada yaşama ve şiddet içermeyen uluslararası ilişkiler gibi değerleri savunarak silahsızlanmaya ilişkin gündemlerin oluşmasına, silahsızlanma anlaşmalarının yapılmasına ve arabuluculuk faaliyetleri ile ihtilafların yumuşamasına katkı sağlamıştır. Savunduğu değerleri diğer devletlere aşılayarak üye sayısını artıran BH sayesinde Soğuk Savaş’ın daha geniş bir alana yayılması engellenmiştir. Ancak BH üyesi devletlerde yaşanan lider değişimleri, ulusal hedeflerinde yaşanan farklılaşmalar ve bölgesel dönüşümler BH’nin Soğuk Savaş siyasetindeki etkinliğinin azalmasına; Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesi ise BH’nin varlığına dair tartışmalara sebebiyet vermiştir. Her ne kadar Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesi ile birlikte BH’nin de varlık sebebinin ortadan kalktığı iddia edilse de günümüzde yaşanan ABD-Çin rekabeti ve Rusya’nın Ukrayna işgali sonrası uluslararası sistemde ortaya çıkan bloklar arası gerilimler gibi gelişmeler BH’yi canlandırabilecek niteliktedir. Tüm bu noktalardan hareketle bu çalışmada BH’nin Soğuk Savaş dönemindeki etkinliği üzerinden 21. yüzyılda Bağlantısızlık 2.0 için imkân ve kısıtlar irdelenmiştir.
Yerel Yönetimlerin Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimindeki Yeri: Gaziantep Büyükşehir Belediyesi Örneği
Authors: Yılmaz Cafer
Published: July 2024

Afetler olağan yaşamı etkileyen, sürekli hazırlıklı olmayı gerektiren olaylardır. Sonuçları tam olarak öngörülemediğinden özel yönetim anlayışını gerektiren bir alandır. Afet acil durum yönetimi afetin öncesini sırasını ve sonrasını kapsayan ve bütünleşik afet yönetimi olarak da ele alınan kendine has özellikleri olan bir yönetim alanıdır. Afet öncesi dönemde asıl olan bilinçlendirme ve önleme çalışmalarına ağırlık verilmesidir. Afet sonrasındaki çalışmalar ise iyileştirme, onarım, zarar tazmini, psikolojik destek gibi faaliyetlere yoğunlaşmaktadır. Sürecin bu iki dönemi daha çok merkezî idarenin uhdesinde olan ve onun yapabileceği görevlere denk düşmektedir. Afet sırası süreci ise olayın yaşandığı yerdeki yani yereldeki yönetim yapılanması ile çok yakından ilgilidir. Dolayısıyla afet sırası yönetim yapılanması müdahale çalışmalarının başarısında önemli bir konudur. Bu açıdan yereldeki yapılanmanın afete müdahale çalışmalarında etkisi de oldukça hayatidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı bütünleşik afet yönetimi sürecinin sadece müdahale aşaması kısmına odaklanılarak yerel yönetimlerin afet müdahale kapasitesi ile merkezî idarenin yereldeki afet müdahale kapasitesini örnek belediye üzerinden karşılaştırmaktır. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada alana ait kavramlar verildikten sonra Türkiye’deki yapılanma hakkında bilgi verilmiş, yasal metinler incelenerek bu yapı içerisinde yerel yönetimlerin rolü ve görevleri ortaya konmuştur. İncelenen kurumların kanunlarında yer alan yapıları incelenmiş ve yine bu kurumların faaliyetlerine yönelik olarak hazırlanan belgeleri ve raporları incelenerek Gaziantep ilindeki afet acil durum müdahale verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Yerel idare birimi ile merkezî idarenin yerel biriminin müdahale personel sayıları, müdahale ekipmanları, makine parkları ve diğer lojistik imkânları birlikte incelendiğinde yerel idare biriminin afet müdahale çalışmalarında çok daha hızlı ve etkin olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Afet müdahale çalışmalarında yerel yönetimlere daha çok yetki tanıyan bir yapılanma önerilmiştir.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe’nın Argümantasyon Etiği ve Özel Hukuk Toplumu
Authors: Didin Emre
Published: July 2024

Önde gelen liberteryen teorisyenlerden biri olan Hans-Hermann Hoppe (1949-), liberteryen etiğin temellendirilmesine yönelik “argümantasyon etiği” ve “özel hukuk toplumu” kavramlarıyla tanınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle argümantasyon etiğinin temel argümanları, temelleri ve hakkındaki eleştiriler irdelenmektedir. Daha sonra, Hoppe’nın özel hukuk toplumuna adalet ve düzen hizmetleri bağlamında odaklanılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ilk olarak, Hoppe’nın bir devletin kanun ve düzen tekelinin imkânsızlığı ve tercih edilmezliği üzerine argümanları sunulmaktadır. Ayrıca argümantasyon etiğine göre özel hukuk toplumu yegâne meşru sistemdir. İkinci olarak, Hoppe’nın, aşkın bir hukukun tamamen yokluğu olan, saf bir özel hukuk toplumunun, nasıl işleyeceğine dair fikirleri sunulmaktadır. Hoppe’ya göre, hiçbir devlete nesnel bir hukuk sistemini yeterince koruyacağı konusunda güvenilemezken, adalet ve düzenin özel polis, hukuk ve tahkim şirketleri tarafından sağlandığı bir özel hukuk toplumu bunu yapabilecektir. Hoppe’nın argümantasyon etiğine dayanan değerden azat yaklaşımı özel hukuk toplumu modeline de taşınmaktadır zira Hoppe, takipçisi olduğu Murray Rothbard’ın aksine hiçbir zaman bir “olması gereken” ifadesi öne sürmemekte veya doğal haklara ya da faydacılığa başvurma ihtiyacı duymamaktadır. Hoppe’nın katkılarının hem Misescı hem de Rothbardçı özel mülkiyet savunularını geliştirdiği ve Hoppe’nın özel hukuk toplumunun Rothbard’ın özel mülkiyet anarşisi fikrine katkı verdiği gözlenmiştir. Hoppecı argümantasyon etiği ve özel hukuk toplumu kavramlarını Türk literatüründe ilk kez inceleyen bu çalışma, liberteryen mülkiyet etiği ve Hans-Hermann Hoppe üzerine daha fazla analiz yapılmasının önünü açacaktır.
Preparation and characterization of paromomycin encapsulated in lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Zamanpour Maryam , Arjmand Reza , Saki Jasem , Bavarsad Neda , Jelowdar Ali
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the Leishmania protozoa, with Cutaneous
Leishmaniasis (CL) being the most common form of the illness. Paromomycin (PM) has recently
garnered increased interest for its effectiveness against Leishmania, but it is hindered by limited
efficacy, low oral bioavailability, and rapid clearance. As far as we know, there have been no
studies examining the impact of nano lecithin-chitosan-containing paromomycin (Nano-PM) on CL.
Therefore, the objective of the present study was to create Nano-PM and assess its effects on the promastigotes
in vitro and on the lesions caused by Leishmania major in the BALB/c mice model in vivo.

Methods:

The loading of PM into lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles was achieved using the ionic gelation
method, and the resulting nanoparticles were characterized. The IC50 values for PM, Glucantim,
and Nano-PM against promastigotes were determined after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment. The
viability of promastigotes was assessed using the MTT assay. The Nano-PM formulation was administered
intramuscularly to mice for a period of 28 days, during which lesion sizes were measured
weekly. Furthermore, the parasite load in the infected mice was quantified using quantitative realtime
polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results:

IC50 of Nano-PM was significantly lower than Glucantim (p < 0.0001 after24 h incubation,
p = 0.013 for 48h and p < 0.0001 for 72 h) and PM (p < 0.0001 after24 h, p = 0.003 for 48h and p <
0.0001 for 72h). All concentrations of Nano-PM had the highest toxicity on promastigotes in comparison
with other groups after 24, 48, and 72 h treatment. Moreover, a significant reduction in the
lesion size was found in the Nano-PM group in comparison with the control group after three (p =
0.0369) and four (p = 0.0009) weeks of treatment. More importantly, Nano-PM significantly reduced
the parasite load compared to the control and the lecithin-chitosan groups (p = 0.001 for both).

Conclusion:

Our findings showed that Nano-PM had lower toxicity (lower IC50) on promastigotes
compared to Glucantim and PM. Moreover, Nano-PM treated mice showed reduced lesion size compared
to the control group. Additionally, Nano-PM led to a significant decrease in parasite burden
compared to the control group and the lecithin-chitosan group. Nevertheless, more complementary
research is needed to approve our findings.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Metamorphic Transformation in Healthcare Services
Authors: Patnaik B.C.M. , Satpathy Ipseeta , Baral S. K.
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence plays a key role in all aspects of human existence, and
technology is meant to improve human well-being. In this aspect, healthcare is a major
field, and artificial intelligence is us hering in rapid progress. Artificial intelligence has
provided several solutions that were previously un attainable, such as diagnosis,
treatment, prevention, and therapy. Medical experts have traditionally been responsible
for prediction, forecasting, as well as identification or decision-making, which are the
main objectives of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI is capable of providing a better
healthcare service in the form of smart devices. By integrating artificial intelligence
with the Internet of Things (IoT), compact and mobile devices are now making human
life more comfortable. Aside from diagnosing diseases such as Alzheimer's, these
devices are also used to provide appropriate treatment for various brain disorders.
Considering the relevance of the same, the study is undertaken to understand the
patient's and healthcare provider’s (doctors and nursing staff) perception of AI. The
scope of the study includes super specialty private hospitals in the capital region of
Odisha and Vizag of Andhra Pradesh. Around 387 samples were collected for
analyzing the data, which included 142 patients, 153 nursing staff, and the rest were
doctors. The period of the study was six months, from December 2021 to May 2022.
The entire analysis was done under nine parameters: Robot-assisted surgery, virtual
nursing assistants, administrative workflow assistants, fraud detection, prescription
error recognition, automated image diagnosis, cyber security, connected medical
devices, and identification of clinical trial participants with 33 attributes. 
Evaluation of the learning implementation of technopreneur profile elements in the subject of fundamentals of fashion skills based on the independent curriculum in Vocational High Schools
Authors: Kusumadewi Putu Diah Ari , Wening Sri
Published: July 2024

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of technopreneur profile element learning in the primary subject of fashion skills based on the independent curriculum at SMK Negeri 1 Wonosari and SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta in terms of planning (antecedent), process (transaction), results (output). This research is evaluation research using the Countenance evaluation model of Stake. The study population consisted of 2 teachers and 180 students in phase E of Fashion Design at SMK Negeri 1 Wonosari and SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques used are documentation and questionnaires. The results showed that: (1) The antecedent aspect of the implementation of technopreneur profile element learning at SMK is in the very good category (100%), planning the flow of learning objectives (ATP) shows the very good category (100%), as well as planning the teaching module shows a very good category (100%); (2) The transaction aspect of the technopreneur profile element of learning at SMK is in a good category (70%), the implementation of learning shows the good category (63%), and the learning assessment shows the good category (43%); (3) The output aspects of the technopreneur profile element of learning at SMK found that students from both schools succeeded in achieving the minimum completeness criteria with a percentage of 100%. Achievement of the learning objectives of the technopreneur profile at SMK Negeri 1 Wonosari SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta was measured by test and non-test assessments.
Increasing measurement accuracy: Scaling effect on academic resilience instrument using Method of Successive Interval (MSI) and Method of Summated Rating Scale (MSRS)
Authors: Febriana Beta Wulan , Setiawati Farida Agus
Published: July 2024

A research instrument is crucial and must meet the requirements to be valid and reliable in content and construction. Not infrequently, various methods are tried to increase the accuracy of research instruments, one of them being a simple method such as the scaling technique. This research aims to improve measurement accuracy by using scaling techniques through the process of successive intervals and summated rating scale in confirmatory factor analysis of the Academic Resilience (ARS) instrument. This research is a descriptive exploratory study using a questionnaire consisting of five answer choices (5-point Likert scale) as the research instrument. Participants in this research were 300 students. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and R programs. The research results showed that there was a significant difference in the results of the reliability and validity of the constructs as well as the parameters in the confirmatory factor analysis of the ARS instrument before and after transformation with the method of successive intervals and summated rating scale. This research contributes to implementing quantitative data scaling practices in measurement research, and it has been proven that there was an increase in measurement accuracy after scaling.
A psychometric evaluation of an item bank for an English reading comprehension tool using Rasch analysis
Authors: Yim Louis Wai Keung , Lye Che Yee , Koh Poh Wee
Published: July 2024

This study reports the psychometric evaluation of an item bank for an Assessment for Learning (AfL) tool to assess primary school students’ reading comprehension skills. A pool of 46 primary 1 to 6 reading passages and their accompanying 522 multiple choice and short answer items were developed based on the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) assessment framework. They were field-tested at 27 schools in Singapore involving 9834 students aged between 7 and 13. Four main comprehension processes outlined in PIRLS were assessed: focusing on and retrieving explicitly stated information, making straightforward inferences, interpreting and integrating ideas and information, and evaluating and critiquing content and textual elements. Rasch analysis was employed to examine students’ item response patterns for (1) model and item fit; (2) differential item functioning (DIF) about gender and test platform used; (3) local item dependence (LID) within and amongst reading passages; and (4) distractor issues about options within the multiple-choice-type items. Results showed that the data adequately fit the unidimensional Rasch model across all test levels with good internal consistency. Psychometric issues found amongst items were primarily related to ill-functioning distractors and local dependence on items. Problematic items identified were reviewed and subsequently amended by a panel of assessment professionals for future recalibration. This psychometrically and theoretically sound item bank is envisaged to be valuable to developing comprehensive classroom AfL tools that provide information for the English reading comprehension instructional design in the Singaporean context.
Gender-Inclusive Language in Public-Facing Labor and Delivery Web Pages in the New York Tristate Area: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Isaac Sarah Mohsen , Dawes Mark , Howell Emily Ruth , Oladipo Antonia Francis
Published: July 2024

Background

Transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals are increasingly intentionally becoming pregnant to raise children, and hospital websites should reflect these trends. For prospective TGNB parents, a hospital website is the only way they can assess their safety from discrimination while receiving perinatal care. Cisnormativity enforced by communication gaps between medical institutions and TGNB patients can and has caused delays in receiving urgent care during their pregnancy.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the current prevalence of gender-inclusive terminology among labor and delivery services in the New York tristate area.

Methods

The labor and delivery web pages of 189 hospitals from New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut were examined for gender-inclusive language. “Fully inclusive” websites explicitly acknowledged lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual plus other gender- and sexual-oriented (LGBTQIA+) parents, “inclusive” websites did not use gendered terminology for parents, and “noninclusive” websites used gendered terms at least once in the text reviewed. The hospitals’ web pages were further stratified by Healthcare Equality Index scores and population classifications defined by the 2013 National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural classification given to the county that each hospital was located in.

Results

Of the 300 hospital websites reviewed, only 189 websites met the criteria for inclusion. Overall, only 6.3% (n=12) of labor and delivery web pages were “inclusive” or “fully inclusive.” No geographic areas (P=.61) or Healthcare Equality Index scores (P=.81) were associated with inclusive or fully inclusive language.

Conclusions

Hospitals need to use inclusive language to help TGNB people identify hospitals where their existence and needs are acknowledged and thus feel more comfortable in their transition to parenthood.
Unveiling the Frailty Spatial Patterns among Chilean Older Persons: Exploring Sociodemographic and Urbanistic Influences (Preprint)
Authors: Ormazábal Yony , Arauna Diego , Cantillana Juan Carlos , Palomo Iván , Fuentes Eduardo , Mena Carlos
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Frailty syndrome increases the vulnerability of older people. The growing proportion of older adults emphasizes the need to enhance the understanding of the factors contributing to the prevalence of frailty. The main objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between various elements of the urban physical environment and the level of frailty syndrome in older people, as assessed by the mean of the Fried Frailty Phenotype criteria tool. A cohort of 300 adults aged 65 years and above from Talca City, Chile, underwent comprehensive medical assessments and were geographically mapped within a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) database. A spatial analysis of the frailty condition was conducted in conjunction with layers depicting urban physical facilities within the city, including: vegetables and fruits shops, senior centers or communities, pharmacies, emergency health centers, main squares and parks, family or community health centers, and stadiums and sports fields. Frail individuals exhibit geospatial patterns suggesting intentional proximity to health facilities, sports venues, and urban facilities, unveiling associations with adaptive responses to frailty features and socioeconomic factors, highlighting the crucial intersection of urban environments and frailty for geriatric medicine and public health initiatives.
Manejo conductual en la atención odontológica de un paciente pediátrico con asma. Caso clínico
Authors: de-Jesús-Pérez Iván , Sánchez-Nieto José Miguel
Published: July 2024

Introducción. El asma es una enfermedad causada por la inflamación de las vías respiratorias, lo cual dificulta la respiración. Los pacientes con asma tienen mayor pro- babilidad de presentar caries, enfermedad periodontal y candidiasis debido al uso de los corticosteroides o bron- codilatadores. También pueden presentar más ansiedad lo que puede repercutir en la atención odontológica. Ob- jetivo. Presentar un caso clínico sobre el manejo con- ductual en la atención odontológica de un niño con asma. Caso clínico. Niño de 6 años, con asma, sobrepeso y caries grado 2 a 4. El plan de tratamiento consistió en una pulpectomía con colocación de corona de acero de cromo y cinco restauraciones con resinas fotocurables, durante 6 sesiones. Para iniciar el tratamiento se verificó que las crisis de asma estuvieran controladas. Presenta nivel de ansiedad dental baja, únicamente le da miedo la anestesia. Se generó una relación colaborativa con los padres durante el tratamiento. Para la atención del paciente se procuró generar rapport y realizar las técnicas decir-mostrar-hacer, distracción y lenguaje pediátrico, así cómo llegar a acuerdos con el paciente para facilitar la aplicación de anestesia. Como prevención de caries se aplicó fluoruro y se dieron recomendaciones específicas a los padres. Conclusión. Para proporcionar un tratamiento odontológico integral del paciente pediátrico con asma es necesario considerar las características fisiológicas del asma, los intereses y miedos del paciente y sus padres, la planeación adecuada del plan de tratamiento odontológico y la flexibilidad para adaptar las técnicas del manejo conductual
Avaliação dos indicadores de ESG das empresas de Santa Catarina atendidas pelo Programa Brasil Mais Produtivo
Authors: Alves Lopes Mayara , Hupalo Leandro
Published: July 2024

Múltiplas conquistas têm contribuído para o avanço e consolidação dos elementos ESG (Ambiental, Social e Governança), juntamente com o próprio conceito, por meio da criação de sistemas de avaliação, padrões de divulgação e índices associados. O artigo em questão tem como objetivo principal avaliar as empresas de Santa Catarina atendidas no ciclo 1 no programa Brasil Mais Produtivo com relação aos índices de ESG e correlacionar com a região onde se encontram, buscando assim saber se há uma relação direta entre os índices de ESG das empresas com a região onde a empresa está inserida. A pesquisa em questão é aplicada, do tipo descritiva e analisou de forma quantitativa as 1.278 MPEs que realizaram o diagnóstico inicial a final do ciclo 1 do programa. As três regiões que tiveram um melhor desempenho durante o período do programa de produtividade foram: Região Meio Oeste (0,40), Região Norte (0,38) e Região Grande Florianópolis (0,24). As empresas dos setores de serviços foram as que mais tiveram mudança positiva no índice de práticas sustentáveis. As regiões que obtiveram os melhores resultados, foram também as que mais atenderam empresas do setor de serviços. Com os resultados obtidos neste estudo, podemos perceber que a relação dos resultados estava bem mais vinculada ao setor de atuação das empresas, do que a região onde as empresas estavam localizadas. Este estudo considerou apenas a avaliação de um ciclo de atendimento. Para obter resultados mais confiáveis, seria recomendável compará-los com os obtidos em outros ciclos de atendimento.
PREVENÇÃO DO SUICÍDIO DE ADOLESCENTES NA ÓTICA DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA REDE DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL
Authors: Nied Camila , Junges José Roque , Loeck Jardel Fisher , Lopes Priscila Pereira da Silva
Published: July 2024

The prevention of suicide among adolescents is a challenge for professionals in the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) given the increase in the number of suicides in recent years and the complexity of the topic. The objective of the study consists of analyzing the health care of adolescents with suicidal behavior in RAPS in a municipality in southern Brazil, from the point of view of professionals. This is exploratory qualitative research that used thematic analysis as an analytical tool. In-depth interviews were conducted with RAPS professionals who work in adolescent care. The results showed three themes: practice of referral to CAPS and indicated prevention; selective prevention and the territory's health care team; universal prevention and intersectoral actions. The weaknesses of the municipality in relation to matrix support in RAPS contribute to the fragmentation between welcoming and care with the development of the therapeutic plan. In addition, the study revealed difficulties in developing intersectoral prevention actions within the network. The study concludes that it is necessary to invest in the continuing education of professionals, especially in Primary Health Care, understanding the role of territorial insertion of this service, capable of articulating prevention management.
A ATUAÇÃO DA PSICOLOGIA EM CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS PEDIÁTRICOS: Relato de experiência de observação participante
Authors: Loch Natália Salm , Cunha Maria Fernanda Moura da , Menezes Marina
Published: July 2024

Hospitalization in childhood can be characterized as a stressful and distressing event for patients and families, especially in cases of illnesses or chronic conditions that require pediatric palliative care (PPC). The hospital psychologist who works in PPC contributes, among other things, to minimize the suffering resulting from illnesses. The purpose of this article was to report the experience of participant observation, as a field activity of a Psychology guided research practice discipline, about the work in PPC of a psychologist in a public hospital in the South of Brazil. This is an observational study, of a qualitative and descriptive nature, of six episodes of participant observation recorded by a Psychology undergraduate in a field diary and analyzed through categorical content analysis. During the observations, the psychologist worked with nine companions and eleven children in hospitalized PPC. It was found that the most required activities for the psychologist were the following categories: listening and supporting family members, to express emotions and encourage self-care; mediation between family members and the healthcare team, for better communication; playful activities with children, to distract and form bonds; and doing records in medical records, to inform and guide the team. In the field of PPC, the psychologist's work must be based on a biopsychosocial perspective of individuals, with the purpose of promoting comprehensive and humanized care. However, considering the complexities present in PPC and the tensions inherent to the hospital context, the psychologist must also be aware of his self-care needs during his professional practice.
Society, Suspicion, and the Supernatural: The Factors Behind the Salem Witch Trials
Authors: Fraser Devon
Published: July 2024

The Salem witch trials of 1692-1693 evolved out of the factors of religious fanaticism controlling Massachusetts society, patriarchal constructs that negatively impacted the views of and the actions of women, white North American constructs of race and ethnicity, interpersonal and societal tensions, and the aftermath of King Philip’s War. Religious domination of Salem life espoused conformity, the supernatural as an explanation for negative events, and the dangers of secularism. Samuel Parris played upon these factors of the Puritan religion, along with the tensions between Salem Village and Salem Town, to spur the start of the witch trials, as he was personally affected by a supernatural bewitching. Puritan women, whether afflicted or accused, were subject to extreme notions of conformity and religious doctrine that maintained the inherent sinfulness of women but found avenues of power through accusing others of witchcraft or behaving as an afflicted. Parris’ slave, Tituba, represents the racial and ethnic outsider, whose Native American heritage cast her as the propagator of Salem’s demonic activity, but who was able to find power by upending the racial hierarchy the community had created. Economic tensions between Salem Town and Salem Village were highlighted in the witchcraft accusations and were exacerbated by religious differences and climate conditions. King Philip’s War impacted Salem’s concepts of Native Americans as demonic witches, highlighted the existence of religious enemies, diminished the authority of government, and increased Puritan awareness of sin.