bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
نشر ورقات من كتاب (حسنُ التَّوسُّل إلى صناعةِ التَّرسُّلِ) ( فصل التشبيه وأنواعه ) الصفحات: (16-23)
Authors: İBRAHİMOĞLU İbrahim
Published: July 2021

تقوم الدراسة على نشر ورقات من كتاب (حسنُ التَّوسُّل إلى صناعةِ التَّرسُّلِ)، لمؤلفه الشهاب ابن فهد الحلبي الأديب اللغوي المشهور المترأس لديوان الإنشاء في زمن المماليك، الكتاب الذي ضمَّ بين دفتيه علوم البلاغة بفروعها الثلاثة، البيان والبديع والمعاني، وشمل مجموعة من الرسائل الديوانية والإخوانية وتقليدات ومناشير بليغة بأسلوبها؛ تدل على المكنة الفنية الأدبية عند الشهاب الحلبي، الذي نصَّ في مقدمته على أنه وضعه لمن أراد تعلم صنعة الإنشاء والكتابة. وقد تناول الباحث بالنشر أحد أقسام علم البيان في الكتاب، وهو التشبيه الذي عرفه المؤلف، وقسمه بحسب المشبه والمشبه به إلى حسي وعقلي، وإلى مفرد ومركب، كما ذكر تقسيمه عند البلاغيين المتأخرين باعتبار ذكر الأركان وحذفها، والوضوح وعدمه، وباعتبارات أخرى غير الأصلية المعروفة إلى سبعة أقسام، هي: المطلق والمشروط والكناية والتسوية والمعكوس والإضمار والتفضيل وعرض نماذج لذلك، وبيَّن تشبيه التمثيل، ثم الغرض من التشبيه، ثم تكلم على فساده، وختم بكون التشبيه يُعدُّ من الحقيقة لا المجاز.

والناظر في الكتاب يرى أن المؤلف قد أسهم في علم البلاغة إسهاماً كبيراً، وأجاد في اختيار موضوعاته واختصارها وبيان أكثرها فائدة؛ مما جعل الكثير ممن جاء بعده يتأثر به وينقل عنه، كالنويري والقزويني وغيرهما، وقد قام الباحث بنسخ هذه الورقات من النسخة المخطوطة الأصل، وخرّج ما ورد فيها من آيات وأحاديث وأبيات شعرية ووثقها من مظانها الأصلية، وأثبت المصادر التي اعتمدها الشهاب الحلبي واقتبس منها، والمصادر التي نقلت عن الشهاب،كما ترجم للمؤلف وذكر منهجه في ترتيب كتابه.
دور المهارات اللغوية الأربع في سلاسل تعليم العربية لغير الناطقين بها؛ سلسلة "الكتاب في تعلّم العربية" نموذجاً.
Authors: DERŞEVİ Muhammed , TÜLÜ Ali
Published: July 2021

يلاقي تعليم اللغة العربية صدى واسعاً وإقبالاً متزايداً من مختلف الفئات في أرجاء المعمورة؛ من أقصى مغربها إلى مشرقها، ومن شمالها إلى جنوبها، ولايخفى الدافع الأول؛ وهو أنّ هذه اللغة هي لغة الدين الحنيف عند أكثر من مليار مسلم؛ناهيك عن الدوافع الأخرى من احتلالها المركز الأول بين لغات الشرق الأوسط التي تتمتع بميزات تفتقدها المناطق الأخرى في العالم فهي مهد الحضارات تتفجر من كل شبر فيها الآثار القديمة والحوادث التاريخية، ولا تخفى المكانة المهمة التي تتمتع بها اللغة العربية بين لغات العالم من ناحة الاقتصاد والسياسة، هذه الأسباب وغيرها جعلت من أبناء هذه اللغة والغيورين من أبناء الناطقين بغيرها يشعرون بوقع المسؤولية الملقاة على عاتقهم في إعداد مناهج تعين الراغبين في تعلمها، فعملوا وكل حسب طاقته ومعرفته أفراداً ومؤسسات فيما يخدم هذه اللغة، ويمهد السبيل للناطقين بغيرها في تعلمها، ولكن على الرغم من الجهود المبذولة في هذا المجال فإن الطريق أمام تحقيق هذا الهدف ما يزال طويلاً، وسلسلة"الكتاب" الذي نستعرض دوره في هذه الوريقات هو واحد من هذه الجهود التي بذلت في خدمة العربية لغير أبنائها، ولعل الذي دفعنا للحديث عنه هو طريقته التي تميز بها في مراعاته استخدام المهارات اللغوية الأربع، وعرضه المبسط التوظيفي لقواعد النحو. وقد حاولنا في بحثنا بيان منهج سلسلة"الكتاب" هذه في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها باستخدام المهارات اللغوية الأربع في التعليم، وطريقة عرضها لكل مهارة، وربطها ببعضها البعض مع تركيز كل المهارات على توظيف المفردات الرئيسة في بداية كل درس بما يتناسب طريقة عرضها، إضافة إلى التزام الكتاب بأصالة النصوص التي يعرضها وحرصه على التدرج التصاعدي في استخدام القواعد وبأسلوب سلس ومبسط يستمتع الطالب فيها بوقته ويدرك أهمية ما يتلقاه من علوم العربية، على أننا لم نهمل التنبيه على مواطن الضعف أو الخلل، التي واجهتنا في تدريس طلبتنا مدة تجاوزت سبع سنوات، وختمنا البحث ببعض النتائج والتوصيات التي نأمل فيها أن يكون التوفيق حليفنا.
Bidâyetü'l-Müçtehid ve Nihâyetü'l-Muktesid Adlı Eserdeki Züfer B. Hüzeyl Ebû Yusuf ve İmam Muhammed'e Nispet Edilen Görüşlerin Tahkiki
Authors: GÜNER Salih
Published: July 2021

İslam hukuk tarihinde ilm-i hilâf, önemli bir tür olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Fıkıh mezhepleri arasındaki ihtilâfları konu edinen ilim dalı olarak tanımladığımız ilm-i hilâfa dair en önemli kaynaklardan birisi şüphesiz İbn Rüşd’ün Bidâyetü’l-müçtehid ve nihâyetü’l-muktesid adlı eseridir. İbn Rüşd’ün, eserinde, dört mezhebin görüşlerini ele alması ve birçok âlimin görüşlerine değinmesi ve dahası mezheplerin ana kaynaklarının üretildiği coğrafyadan uzakta yaşaması, yaptığı nakillerin sahihliği problemini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu sebeple makalede, Bidâyetü’l-müçtehid’deki Züfer b. Hüzeyl, Ebû Yusuf ve İmam Muhammed’e ait olan görüşler konu edinmiştir. Bu bağlamda eserde, üç Hanefî imama ait 76 görüş bulunduğu tespiti yapılmış olup İbn Rüşd tarafından 4 görüşün yanlış nakledilmiş olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A História De Uma Risada Em Zé Pequeno E Coringa
Authors: Sales Maria da Luz Lima , Noronha Silvio Leonardo Alves
Published: July 2021

Este artigo versa acerca das personagens Zé Pequeno, do romance Cidade de Deus de Paulo Lins, e Coringa, protagonista do filme homônimo, que recorrem à risada como resposta aos conflitos vivenciados e nada engraçados. Elaboramos, pois, um questionamento para perscrutarmos sobre tais inquietações: o riso seria um mecanismo de escapismo desta sociedade hodierna, cuja principal base é a violência exacerbada, ou rir seria como sentir um prazer ocasionado pelo mal? Para tanto, recorremos a dois estudiosos do riso: Henri Bergson (1983), filósofo que elaborou uma sociologia do riso; e Georges Minois (2003), intelectual que, com sua historiografia do riso, analisou o tema desde as origens até a contemporaneidade, ambos ajudando-nos a entender por que, do que e de quem rimos. Ao constatarmos que literatura e cinema se mesclam neste trabalho, encontramos no riso o aspecto crítico e não somente mera expressão de alegria, mas também como possível revelação de insanidade diante de nossa sociedade pós-moderna.
A study of thermal and antiwear properties of the oil compositions involving a condensed alkylphenol detergent additive
Authors:   Qualitet Group, Medzhibovskiy A.S. , Kolokolnikov A.S. ,   LLC Qualitet, Zibrova S.N. ,   LLC Qualitet
Published: July 2021

The current paper presents further studies of the oils’ operational properties (detergent properties mostly) of those oils which contain a highly alkaline condensed alkylphenol detergent additive. In this text thermal and antiwear properties of oils containing various detergents were discussed. Thermal properties of different oil compositions were evaluated when heated in a Q-derivatograph (under a dynamic mode). Weight loss of the oil sample due to its evaporation and the temperature of the end of evaporation were estimated. It was revealed that the most stable is sample 3, containing K-38 additive. This sample had the highest evaporation start temperature (275°C compared to 269, 286, 262°C of the samples 4,1,2 respectively) as well as the highest end of evaporation temperature (579°C compared to 558°C (samples 1 and 4) and 555°C of sample 2). The antiwear properties were studied on a friction machine (roller-block type). The test results have shown a high efficiency of the oils containing a new highly alkaline K-38 additive.
Development of technical requirements for the properties of automotive engine oils, taking into account trends in climate protection on the planet
Authors:   FAE «The 25th State Research Institute of Himmotology of Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation», Zolotov V.A.
Published: July 2021

Decarbonization of the natural environment during the operation of transport is a current trend in the world economy in recent decades. A significant increase in the number of road transport has led to its importance and an increase in its share in the increase in carbon dioxide emissions due to the use of fuels and oils. By the end of the second decade of the 21st century, emissions of carbon dioxide during the operation of transport increased by 83% and thus determined the increase in total CO2 emissions by 25% [1]. The tendency towards decarbonisation is mainly due to a significant limitation of carbon dioxide emissions from exhaust gases in piston engines and, in this regard, the properties of the used automobile engine oils. Lubricating oils perform additional functions in pure battery-powered vehicles and hybrid vehicles as opposed to vehicles powered by internal combustion engines. The amount of heat generated by electric vehicle batteries creates new demands on performance and thermal management of electric vehicles. At the same time, electric currents generated by an electric vehicle affect the performance properties of lubricants and their performance.
Features of production and application of sulfonate greases
Authors:   Russian state University of oil and gas (National research University) named after I.M. Gubkin, Kalyanova O.A. , Peskovets A.V. ,   Russian state University of oil and gas (National research University) named after I.M. Gubkin, Tatur I.R. ,   Russian state University of oil and gas (National research University) named after I.M. Gubkin, Bagdasarov L.N. ,   Russian state University of oil and gas (National research University) named after I.M. Gubkin
Published: July 2021

The main trends in the use of modern greases are analyzed and the most promising ones are identified. The properties and structure of sulfonate greases with different alkalinity and their application areas are considered. The technologies and equipment used for the production of sulfonate greases with thickeners obtained by various methods are presented. Sulfonate greases can become "universal", due to their operational and physico-chemical characteristics. It is noted that a large number of studies of sulfonate greases have been conducted, but they are mainly related to the study of their structure and water absorption capacity. In this regard, additional studies of the protective and low-temperature properties of sulfonate greases based on various dispersed media, as well as the study of their tribological parameters at high temperatures, are needed.
Formulating regression equations for the virtual analyzers of the main quality factors of the alkylation process
Authors:   AO «Samaraneftehimproject», Laventjev V.A. , Golovina E.S. ,   AO «Samaraneftehimproject»
Published: July 2021

The growth prospects of the chemical and petrochemical industries are shaped by the necessity of developing and implementing advanced technological solutions for improving operational performance of production by the effect of selecting the most suitable process parameters and predicting quality factors of the end products once very minute. The task of continuous product quality control may be successfully resolved by means of implementing an Advanced Process Control System (APCS). The functioning of APCS is based on virtual analyzers (VA) of product quality. A virtual analyzer is a mathematical model which is being developed with reference to long-time statistics of lab collected and performance data. Virtual analyzers facilitate assessing the desired, rather than directly measured, product quality factors by product parameters which are under continuous control by means of advanced control systems. The article describes an approach to developing a system of virtual analyzers for target quality factors of alkylphenols based on regression equations that have been formulated by the least-squares method.
CONSUMER RESEARCH IN THE PROCESS OF CREATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Reshetilova Tetiana , Kuvaieva Tetiana ,   Dnipro University of Technology
Published: July 2021

The motivated consumer innovativeness in the creation and distribution of innovation products are considered. The process of determining the consumer preferences of innovative products based on its attributes is investigated. The target audience selection mechanism for the marketing communication complex formation considering the consumer motivation is developed. One of the ways of maintaining the competitiveness of the enterprise, the development of new market segments is the withdrawal of innovative products. This process is always quite risky, even when an innovative product has obvious benefits for consumers. The results of many studies have shown that more than 30% of consumer goods and about 20% of industrial goods suffer market failures. This is due to the fact that innovative products are mainly created only on the basis of new knowledge, without taking into account the real needs of the market. Under these conditions, the key factor in the market success of the product is the marketing research of consumers at the stage of creating an innovative product. Communication impact on consumer categories "innovators" and "early followers" leads to a faster perception of innovative products by the entire target audience. The impact on different categories of consumers through different sets of marketing communication tools corresponds to an approach based on the motivation of consumers of innovative products. The development of a set of marketing communication tools should take into account the needs that meet the innovative products or the relative advantages that they possess.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN TOURISM INDUSTRY IN THE REGION ON THE BASIS OF INNOVATIVE PROCESSES
Authors:   Bohdan Khmelnitsky National University of Cherkasy, Pidvalna Oksana , Boguslavska Svitlana ,   Bohdan Khmelnitsky National University of Cherkasy
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the renewal process and its peculiarities in the tourism industry of the region. The research methodology was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the theory of innovation, investment, regionalism. The conceptual apparatus of the categories "innovation", "innovative idea", "innovative activity" and approaches to innovative development are analyzed. The authors consider the innovation process as a process of transforming new scientific knowledge into innovation, providing a transition from one qualitative state of the object to another (higher), requiring the use of resources, ie investment and time. The concept of project management is taken as a basis of formation of the mechanism of management of development of region on the basis of innovative processes. In domestic practice, this concept is reflected in the widespread use of program-targeted management method in the implementation of targeted comprehensive programs in tourism, aimed at achieving specific socio-economic goals in the development of the tourism industry in the region. The fundamental difference of project management is noted, which is that the whole set of works within the innovation cycle is planned and executed as a single comprehensive program of work by a specially created team of performers with a high degree of centralization of management. An important feature of the innovative project and project management methodology is their focus on obtaining the end result, usually commercial, taking into account the possible risks and in a strict framework of restrictions on the timing of its implementation and budget. Mathematical modeling for the evaluation of investment projects and their selection for financing, calculating performance indicators: commercial, budget, economic. As a result of the study, it was concluded that innovation processes in the tourism industry at the regional level are a mechanism for the development of investment activities in the entire tourism industry. The development mechanism itself is based on the decision-making process for investing in tourism industry projects.
DEBT OBLIGATIONS OF THE STATE: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Lviv National University named after Ivan Franko, Vatamanyuk-Zelinska Ulyana , Pedchenko Ivanna ,   Lviv National University named after Ivan Franko
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the meaning of the concept of "public debt" according to the views of domestic and foreign scholars. The essence of this term according to norms of the Budget code of Ukraine is investigated. The activity of public authorities in the management of debt obligations of our state is considered. The state and dynamics of public debt of Ukraine for the period 2015-2019 are studied. The structure of public debt of Ukraine according to its division into external and internal is analyzed, and the shares of external and domestic debt in the total amount of public and state-guaranteed debt are determined. The dynamics of public debt obligations in terms of the amount of public and state-guaranteed debt is shown. The structure of external and internal debts of the state budget of Ukraine to the main creditors and the dynamics of payments for its repayment are described. The dynamics of the ratio of public debt to GDP of Ukraine is calculated and analyzed. The activity of a new state structure – the Debt Agency of Ukraine – in the field of debt management of our state has been studied. It is determined that a significant problem of the state is to ensure the debt burden. Ways to solve the problem of debt burden are proposed, among which an important measure is proposed – to strengthen control over the effective use of borrowed projects. It is determined that the best step in improving the system of management of debt obligations of the state can be stimulated the development of the internal capital market with the involvement of private reorientation from external to internal prevention. In modern conditions, both market economies and developing countries have inherent needs for additional funds to cover the budget deficit. This situation necessitates the constant search for additional sources of financing government liabilities, in particular, such as loans. Thus, the additional funds raised make it possible to increase total expenditures under conditions of lower national income only through a balanced and effective government policy in the field of borrowing. However, the downside of debt obligations is that sooner or later they must be repaid and interest paid for the use of these borrowed funds. The purpose of the study is to determine the structure and dynamics of public debt of Ukraine, as well as the features of its repayment.
INTERNATIONALIZATION AS AN OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Authors:   Classic Private University, Kokorina Victoria
Published: July 2021

The article grounds the objective conditions for the formation of the process of internationalization in the system of international economic relations as a process of social production beyond national borders due to the international division of labor. The author identifies and explaines characteristics as diversification, diversity, extensiveness, contradiction, unity, synergy, integrity and intensity, of current trends in international economic relations, namely internationalization, transnationalization, economic integration, differentiation, globalization, global integration in the formation of global economic environment. The difference between internationalization and globalization as processes conserning the evolution of economic relations between countries is explained. The main distinguishing feature between the two processes can be considered the level of preservation of national sovereignty. The levels (stages) of the internationalization process at the micro level of international business operations are determined, as well as the development of business internationalization at each stage. They are the initial stage, the stage of local market expansion, the transnational stage and the global stage. While developing internationalization, the forms of international business are changing (becoming more complicated) – from the international trade to the global company. The article highlights the main objects of economic internationalization of international business development: the sphere of exchange of production results; the sphere of exchange of factors of production; the scope of the actual production process. There are three stages of international business development in accordance with the objects of economic internationalization of international business development. At the first stage the main sphere of international business is the export-import activity of a private company in the foreign market, at the second stage the main sphere becomes the system of international movement of financial resources, at the third one there is the development of entrepreneurial activity in global competition.
modelo de evaluación para los íconos de aplicaciones móviles: el SM2Mobile
Authors: Salcedo González Quetzalli , Gallardo-López Lizbeth
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un modelo de evaluación para íconos de aplicaciones móviles llamado SM2Mobile. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se empleó un método basado en estudios de caso. El resultado es un modelo de evaluación semiológica cuyos elementos están relacionados con un conjunto de cualidades informáticas y con factores iconográficos. El SM2Mobile fue aplicado en un estudio de caso donde participaron dos poblaciones, una de expertos y otra de usuarios. Luego de comparar los resultados de las evaluaciones de ambas, no se encontró evidencia estadística para decir que el promedio de las poblaciones fuera significativamente diferente. Sin embargo, se deberán realizar otros estudios de caso para validar este hallazgo. El SM2Mobile se propone como una herramienta para evaluar una app existente en el mercado; pero también como un instrumento de evaluación aplicable en la etapa de diseño de la app. De demostrarse la efectividad del SM2Mobile, permitirá que los expertos en diseño de las interfaces gráficas de usuario mejoren la función del ícono, en lo particular, y de la comunicación, en lo general.
diseñador-emprendedor. Comunicación de un perfil de egresado arquetípico en los sitios web de las universidades privadas argentinas
Authors: Taibo Jonathan Alexis
Published: July 2021

Este artículo da cuenta de un proceso de investigación sobre la comunicación del perfil de egresado arquetípico en las universidades privadas de Argentina: el diseñador-emprendedor. El marco teórico aborda el surgimiento de las carreras de diseño en el país; la universidad en el contexto neoliberal y su legislación; el enfoque de educación por competencias; la semiótica de las pasiones y la teoría los arquetipos. La hipótesis a comprobar es que las universidades privadas argentinas ofrecen sus carreras de grado en diseño con una figura estereotipada del licenciado, basada fundamentalmente en el perfil de un diseñador-emprendedor en contraposición al diseñador-científico. El estudio —basado en el análisis de contenido de los sitios web de las carreras, llevado a cabo en enero de 2020 — arrojó, principalmente, la identificación de los arquetipos “el creador” y “el sabio”, mismos que son puestos en discusión a partir de la adaptación del cuadrado semiótico de Greimas y su aplicación al análisis de dos spots publicitarios audiovisuales.
Design Thinking en las Agencias de Diseño de Monterrey
Authors: Mallén Lomas José Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Actualmente se tiene mucha información sobre el Design Thinking, pero poco se entiende sobre cómo realmente se está aplicando y cómo se desarrolla, lo cual es de suma importancia. Por esa razón, la intención de este artículo es presentar los hallazgos que se han detectado al realizar una observación no participativa, utilizando y modificando un instrumento de la etnografía performativa para poder ver los detalles y la manera en que se llevan a cabo los procesos de creación o de resolución de problemas en las Agencias de Diseño de Monterrey, con el fin de entender la forma de actuar, pero sobre todo de responder, ante un problema. Las agencias de diseño sirven como esa lente para poder comprender y establecer la manera en que la sociedad de Monterrey resuelve y genera sus soluciones.
Outcomes after Decompressive Craniectomies In Middle Cerebral Artery Infarctsa In a new Neurosurgical Unit
Authors: Ahmad Sukari Aiman Asyraf , Bohari Muhammad Hafiz , Haron Rahmat
Published: July 2021

Background: Due to lack of thrombolytic therapy in our center, decompressive craniectomy is offered to patients for treatment for middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarcts. The aim of the study is to review the mortality and morbidity outcomes of patients with MCA infarct who undergo surgery at our center.Methods: From August 2016 until December 2017, 29 patients underwent decompressive craniectomy for MCA infarct. Patients were evaluated based on their demographics, and patient risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, renal problems and pneumonia. Clinical neurological presentation was evaluated with Glasgow Coma scale (GCS). Patient outcome was evaluated  with mortality within 1 month and modified Rankin Scale score in 6 months.Results: Mortality was 41% (12 patients) during 30 days and good functional outcome (mRS 3 or less) in surviving patients was achieved by 47% (8 patients) at 6 months. The factors associated with higher mortality were low preoperative GCS score (p-value 0.025 at CI 95%), impaired renal function (p-value 0.011 at CI 95%) and preexisting cardiac problems (p-value 0.003 at CI 95%). Although the odds of 30-day mortality was higher in the above 60 age group, it did not reach statistical significance (p-value 0.422 at 95% CI). However, no preoperative factors available had any association with outcome at 6 months.Conclusion: Preoperative GCS, renal function and preexisting cardiac problems should be considered during patient selection for surgery for MCA infarct. Age may have a lesser role in determining mortality. However, 6 month outcome is unpredictable and should be highlighted to family members when offering surgery for these patients
Spontaneous thrombosis of non-tuberculous pulmonary artery mycotic pseudoaneurysm in prolonged childhood pneumonia.
Authors: Ibrahim Idris , Mohd Yaakob Mohd Naim , Zakaria Mohd Hazeman , Tharek Anas , Rahmat Nurul Syazwani , Mohd Sabri Mohd Naqib , Kamis Mohd Fandi Al-Khafiz
Published: July 2021

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is common in tropical country like Malaysia. Prolonged PTB infection may lead to mycotic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP). We report a case of childhood non-tuberculous pulmonary infection causing mycotic PAP which resolved spontaneously after antibiotics therapy. A 1 year 6 months old girl underlying Down syndrome presented with prolonged fever for two weeks , cough and breathlessness. Her leucocytes count were elevated and she developed several hypotensive episodes secondary to septicaemia. Chest radiograph showed loculated right sided pleural effusion. Ultrasound revealed complex pleural collection and initial aspiration revealed a thick stale blood. Thinking of possible vascular cause, ultrasound able to locate a well-defined rounded structure with high flow velocity seen on Doppler ultrasound consistent with pseudoaneurysm and CT thorax confirmed the findings. Pulmonary artery angiogram prior to embolization revealed  no evidence of abnormal vasculature or contrast blush at the region of interest. Complimentary ultrasound showed evidence of spontaneous thrombosis within the pseudoaneurysm.Non-tuberculous PAP is a rare but possible life-threatening sequela of pneumonia. Pleural drainage in a haemothorax with concomitant mycotic thoracic pseudoaneurysm may cause loss of pressure tamponade and will end up with devastating consequences. Careful ultrasound image acquisition must be made by the attending radiologist prior to pleural drainage.
Ушибы зуба
Authors: Новак Н.В.
Published: July 2021

Ушиб зуба – закрытое механическое повреждение зуба без нарушения его анатомической целости.
Целью исследования было выявление осложнений, возникших после ушиба зуба.
Объекты и методы исследования. Была выделена клиническая группа пациентов (46 человек), имеющих травматические повреждения передних зубов. Диагностика и лечение осуществлялись на постоянных резцах верхней челюсти после ушиба. Наряду с клиническими методами, при диагностике травматических повреждений зубов проводили электрометрические исследования, холодовую пробу, а также рентгенологическое исследование зуба.
Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. В первые дни после острой травмы пациенты отмечали боль при накусывании и перкуссии зуба в 92,1 ± 2,50% случаев. Изучение показателей электровозбудимости пульпы при ушибах зуба показывает снижение ее электровозбудимости в первые 7–10 дней после острой травмы. Так, показатели электровозбудимости интактных зубов сразу после травмы были 6,28 ± 1,15 мкА. Измерение аналогичных показателей через 7–10 дней после перенесенной травмы показало снижение диагностических значений электровозбудимости пульпы до 3–5 мкА, характерных для неповрежденных интактных зубов этого пациента в 91,6 ± 1,50% случаев. В 1,4 ± 0,16% случаев были зафиксированы необратимые изменения со стороны сосудисто-нервного пучка и значения ЭОД при этом 28 ± 1,65 – 56 ± 1,29 мкА. При визуальной оценке цвета травмированного зуба после ушиба было отмечено, что у 1,5 ± 0,76% зубов изменился оттенок коронковой части зуба. В большинстве случаев это был симптом воспаления или некроза пульпы, которые были зарегистрированы в 1,4 ± 0,16% случаев. Наличие трещин после ушиба было отмечено у 22,3 ± 1,15% зубов. Исследование зубов в отдаленные сроки после полученной травмы показало, что у 24,2 ± 1,27% ранее травмированных зубов отмечена облитерация корневых каналов. Внутренняя и наружная резорбции корня обнаружены при рентгенологическом обследовании в 6,5 ± 0,50% случаев. Бессимптомный апикальный периодонтит выявлен в 4,3 ± 0,50%. Реакция тканей периодонта в виде рецессии десны была зафиксирована в 2,1 ± 0,41%.
Заключение. Таким образом, результаты проведенных исследований показали, что ближайшими осложнениями после ушиба зуба являются: боль; снижение электровозбудимости пульпы в первые дни после травмы; дисколорит; некроз и воспаление пульпы; трещины эмали и дентина. В отдаленные после травмы сроки выявлены: облитерация каналов; резорбции корня; апикальный периодонтит; реакция тканей периодонта в виде рецессии маргинальной десны.
CORRELATION OF CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND TESTIS MEASUREMENTS OF THE INDIGENOUS COCKS IN THE SEMI ARID ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Adamu J. , Aliyu J. , Shettima S. M. , Saleh B. , Dauda A. , Mohammed A. A. , Abbaya H. Y.
Published: July 2021

The current study was conducted to evaluate the association between the body weight, carcass  characteristics and the testis measurements of the three matured cocks of about one year to one and half months of age in the semi arid zone of Nigeria. Sixty matured cocks were used for the study with twenty from each of the genotype. The data collected on the carcass characteristics of the three genotypes of cocks were analyzed using SPSS Version 21 Statistical tool. Differences between treatments means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test of the same software. The correlations between the different variables were determined using Pearson correlation. The results showed a positive correlation (P< 0.05) between live weight and the internal organs. Also positive significant (P<0.01) relationship were observed between body weight and the slaughter weight (r =0.97). Significant relationship between live weight and the left testis was observed (r =0.67: P<0.01). In conclusion, testis measurement with live weight showed that positive correlation translates into positive genetic correlation among the traits which will lead to improvement in the other traits. This variation may be due to close genetic background of the indigenous cocks
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE AND TASK-CONTEXTUAL PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES
Authors: Aykan Ebru
Published: July 2021

The present study was conducted to determine the relationships between the emotional competence and task-contextual performance of employees. Data were gathered from 342 employees working in state and private banks. Relationships between the variables, significant relationships between the emotional competence dimensions and performance dimensions were observed in this study. No relationship was observed between the “guilty” dimension of emotional competence and task performance.Non-hierarchical cluster analysis was selected and K-means cluster analysis was performed to determine the emotional competence levels of participant banking professionals. The seven pre-specified emotional competences were classified by using Ward’s method. Cluster analysis revealed that the emotional competences of the participants were clustered in two groups as high and low. Regression analyses revealed insignificant relationships between the emotional competence and task performance of employees, but positive significant relationships between emotional competence and contextual performance. Significant differences were also observed in the emotional competence levels and task-contextual performances of employees. In other words, individuals with high emotional competence levels also exhibited high performances.
Key words: contextual performance, emotional competence, task performance.
MANAGEMENT APPROACH BETWEEN BUSINESS CLUSTER SUCCESS AND SOFT LEADER CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Lippert Robert , Gaál Zoltan
Published: July 2021

One of the potential aspects of economic growth lies in focusing on furtherance the development of business clusters. By linking the complementary competencies of profit oriented enterprises, NGO-s, universities, research institutes and local authorities, the innovation potential and the productivity are significantly increased. The present study investigates a specific and challenging managerial activity, the role of the cluster manager. The aim of the research is to reveal the intrinsic motivation of cluster operations and to demonstrate the importance of the manager in the efficient and sustainable operation. An empirical research has been conducted involving cluster managers and member organisations through an extensive questionnaire survey in Hungary. First, determinant factors of cluster success have been identified. By using these factors, as the operational activity of the cluster, as well as the satisfaction of the members in the field of innovation and productivity, a new continuous three-dimensional maturity model has been introduced to evaluate the cluster success. Mapping the soft factors, organisational culture and leadership roles have been assessed by applying Competing Values Framework method. The results of the research depict the correlation found between soft leader characteristics and cluster success.
Key words: cluster, leadership roles, organisational culture, success.
ADVERTISEMENTS FOR ICT PROJECT MANAGERS SHOW DIVERSITY BETWEEN SWEDISH EMPLOYERS’ AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATIONS’ VIEWS OF PM CERTIFICATIONS
Authors: Lundqvist Siw , Marcusson Leif
Published: July 2021

Appointing ICT project managers is a delicate issue for management; not least since ICT projects are known to be unsuccessful in delivering the required product in time and on budget. Hence, it is even more important to find the “right” individual for the job. According to project management associations, certification in project management is a prerequisite for a project manager’s successful career. The appreciation of project management certifications among Swedish employers was studied using data collected from job advertisements for ICT project managers during four years (2010-2013). Judged on how the advertisements were worded the result indicates surprisingly low interest from the employers’ side, which conflicts with the project management associations statements about the certifications’ indispensable value for successful projects. Furthermore, it conflicts with a common understanding of certifications as essential for appointment as a project manager. The findings identify a possible gap between PM associations’ and employers’ views regarding the certifications’ value, and highlight the necessity of seriously considering whether it is worthwhile for the individuals to strive for, and for the organizations to promote certification, since it is costly in both time, effort and money.
Key words: project manager, project management certifications, project management associations.
ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF MANAGEMENT STUDENTS AS ROOTS FOR NEW VENTURES. EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Tomski Piotr
Published: July 2021

Entrepreneurial intentions (EI) that direct attention, experience and activities towards business concepts, create the form and direction of organizations at their inception stage. Future organizational outcome, such as survival, development and growth are based on these intentions. The objective of the study is to examine undergraduates' EI on the example of the students of Faculty of Management of Czestochowa University of Technology (FoMCUT). Various dimensions of EI are discussed in the context of gender, student specialization, the level of studies and selected components of entrepreneurial attitude orientation. The conducted research leads to the conclusions concerning the level of EI of students of the faculty which is strictly connected with the science and practice of management and entrepreneurship. The survey took place in December 2013 and January 2014 on the randomly selected sample of 332 students of FoMCUT. The sample amounted to 6.9% of the total population of students of the Faculty. The research tool constructed by the author was the questionnaire. The respondents were the students of both full- and part-time course of study. This study is the basis for the future research on predictors of EI as the foundation of new business ventures. It directs attention towards relationships between entrepreneurial ideas and their possible results. It outlines the background for examining entrepreneurial traits and contexts which are important both for the development of every economy and creation of directions for the practice of management of micro- and small enterprises. Key words: entrepreneurship, new venture creation, education, students.
Ecolinguistics in the Grain Lexicon of Mandailing Language
Authors: Dharmawati  , Dwi Widayati
Published: July 2021

The research discusses the study of ecolinguistics in the grain lexicon of the Mandailing language. The purpose of this study was to describe the grain lexicon in the Mandailing community. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using an ecolinguistic approach. This research conducted inManisak Village, Batang Natal District, Madina Regency (Mandailing Natal). The subjects of this study were native speakers of the Mandailing language in Manisak village. The source of this research data is grain speech in the Mandailing community. The data collection technique was carried out by the listening method which began with observation and interviews. The results of this study are first, the acquisition of the grain lexicon found in the Mandailing community in the form of words and phrases. Second, the resulting lexicon refers to three classifications, namely lexicon related to activities or ways of working (verb), lexicon related to material (noun) and lexicon related to nature (ejective).
Modeling and Optimizing the Parameters of Condensers in Split Type Room Air Conditioners
Authors: Hasan Rahatul , Bahar Md Khairul , Alam Md Noor A , Ali Md Yasin , Choudhury MAA Shoukat
Published: July 2021

Split type room air conditioners (RACs) are very common nowadays. In Bangladesh, RAC manufacturers employ trial-error prototyping techniques in their design to increase the efficiency of RACs and the profitability of the plant. Computer modeling can be a great help to reduce the cost in the R&D stage to find the optimum design of RACs. In this study, modeling of heat transfer in the condenser of split type RACs employing the techniques of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was performed. To reduce the computational load the geometry was divided into small sections and geometric symmetries were also taken into account. For the simulation, the geometry and other relevant data were set in such a way so that they commensurate closely with real industrial data. An example data set for validation of simulation results were obtained from an AC manufacturer company, Elite Hitech Industries Ltd. The geometry was built using meshing techniques. Copper and aluminum were selected as materials for tubes and fins, respectively. R-22 was chosen as the refrigerant. Heat transfer and fluid flow were modeled using non-isothermal flow in a multi-physics environment. The main assumptions employed are laminar flow, extra coarse mesh size, constant air inlet temperature, perfect insulation between system and surroundings, and thin layer fins. The temperature distribution and heat transfer efficiency in the condenser, the impact of different refrigerant flow arrangements in the tubes have been studied in detail. This study leads to the finding of efficient refrigerant flow arrangements from the viewpoint of maximum heat transfer.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 20-25
Effect of Wood Saw Dust and Chopped Jute Fiber on the Tensile Properties of Epoxy Based Polymer Composite
Authors: Haque MS , Islam MA
Published: July 2021

Polymer composites play a good role in various engineering applications because of their good combination of various properties such as unbeatable light weight, relatively high strength, ease of fabrication, corrosion resistance, high impact strength, design flexibility, dimensional stability, non-conductive properties, etc. So, polymer composites have attracted big attention from world-wide researchers. Epoxy based composite are largely used in load bearing application such as aerospace and automobile industries due to their good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this research work, epoxy-based composites were developed by adding 5% wood saw dusts or 2 mm size chopped jute fibers. The jute fibers and saw dusts were added to gain some special property such as biodegradability. The developed composites were then characterized by tensile tests. Experimental results revealed that 5% saw dusts additions have no significant effect on the tensile strength of epoxy-based polymer composites. However, chopped jute fibers have been found to decrease the strength as well as fracture morphology noticeably.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 94-98
Study of Fire Growth Behavior in a Residential Apartment using Fire Dynamic Simulator
Authors: Sakib Fahim Shahriar , Ahmed Riazuddin , Khan Easir A
Published: July 2021

Fire accidents are very frequent and a major issue in Bangladesh in recent times. In this paper fire growth behavior in an apartment building is studied through a numerical analysis using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). A model apartment with fixed combustibles was created using FDS. The fire growth characteristics were studied and heat release rate, the rise of temperature, toxic gas dispersion and human evacuation were assessed. The fire was generated using a burner function. Computational analysis results from those models were analyzed and discussed. The relationship of wind and ventilation effect with time helps to predict the fire growth behavior in different location of the apartment. Evacuation modeling was created to illustrate the effect of evacuation time and fractional effective dose (FED) for different types of agents. FED is the summation of toxic gas consumption which is important for safe evacuation. The results show that the ventilation effect releases the heat and makes the apartment less vulnerable. Elderly people took more time for total evacuation than other groups that related to FED percentage. The idea of critical door length is demonstrated for safe evacuation during fire emergencies.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 99-105
Exploring students' performances in implementing social strategy during online learning
Authors: Sumarni Sumarni , Utomo Aries
Published: July 2021

Many scholars have studied the Covid 19 epidemic and online-based courses on English lectures using inventive good strategy mapping. Using two online platforms, this study investigated the social practices in learning English as a foreign language. The research method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method with fifty students from two different study programs: 1) Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman; 2) Public Administration Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of 17 Augustus 1945 Samarinda. A quantitative description was used in this study, followed by an in-depth conversation with a sample of the existing population. The study's findings provide an overview of the usage of social techniques in learning English, with the two groups of students favoring the other five tactics. This research also shows how the two groups of respondents apply various aspects of the technique. The findings of this study are expected to be valuable to teachers and curriculum creators when it comes to setting up cooperative learning online. As part of constructive learning, social strategy is one of the strategies that support our learning style. It should be treated at any English level, rather than achieving learner capacity in English through group discussion. This study should be encouraged to everyone through added study with the same previous activities.
Uji Performa Pengaman Gangguan Petir Pada Saluran Transmisi 70 kV GI Kebonagung – GI Polehan Menggunakan ATP DRAW
Authors: Harijanto Priya Surya , Prasetyo Budi Eko , Raganingrum Ekasari
Published: July 2021

Dalam menjaga kelangsungan penyalurannya di butuhkan perawatan rutin dan sistem pengaman yang bagus untuk mengantisipasi keadaan yang tidak normal. Pada studi ini menganalisis gangguan petir di sepanjang saluran transmisi 70 kV dari Gardu Induk Kebonagung menuju Gardu Induk Polehan dengan kondisi titik sambaran yang berbeda, serta menstudi kondisi peralatan ketika terjadi sambaran langsung di transmisi 70 kV. Dari hasil analisis ketika sambaran langsung pada kawat fasa sebesar 1098 kV menuju ke Gardu Induk Kebonagung, arrester akan bekerja membuang tegangan lebih ke tanah, maka tegangan petir yang sampai ke peralatan Gardu Induk Kebonagung kurang dari 60 kV sehingga peralatan di Gardu Induk Kebonagung terlindungi dari gangguan petir. Namun apabila arrester tidak bekerja ketika terjadi sambaran langsung, maka peralatan yang rusak adalah CVT (739,26 kV), Ds Line (545,56 kV) dan CT (378,274 kV), karena BIL peralatan tersebut lebih kecil daripada tegangan petir yang sampai dan mengakibatkan sistem padam. Ketika sambaran tidak langsung sebesar 97,068 kV menuju ke GI Kebonagung maka arrester akan bekerja dan peralatan di GI Kebonagung terlindungi. Namun apabila arrester tidak bekerja, peralatan tetap terlindungi karena CVT (65,347 kV), DS Line (16,95 kV) dan CT (4,230 kV), BIL masing-masing peralatan lebih tinggi daripada tegangan petir yang sampai. Maka dapat diketahui bahwa perlu adanya perawatan pada arrester agar dapat bekerja dengan baik ketika terjadi sambaran langsung serta perlu adanya pengecekan GSW dan nilai pentanahan pada tower agar nilai tegangan petir yang sampai di GI Kebonagung tidak lebih besar daripada ketika terjadi sambaran langsung.