bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Mothers Regarding 'Oral Rehydration Therapy' in Jammu Slums
Authors: Chander Ramesh , Vimesh Puja , Singh Shyam
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Little information is available among mothers living in Jammu slums regarding oral rehydration therapy(ORT).

OBJECTIVE: To study the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers regarding oral rehydration therapy during diarrhoeal episode in their children?

STUDY DESIGN & SETTING : A cross-sectional study, conducted in slums of Jammu city.

METHODS: A total of 750 mothers of children below 6 years of age suffering from diarrhoea were recruited for the study. The sample size was selected out of the total 3000 mothers of children suffering from diarrhoea by systematic random sampling technique. Mothers were contacted by house to house visits and in Anganwari centers.

RESULTS: Most of the mothers got first information about oral rehydration solution(ORS) from health personals (68.8%) and 17.9% from mass-media. Majority considered it to be a home- made remedy of diarrhoea (40.5%).They were knowing some forms of home-available fluids. The first line of action of mothers at the onset of diarrhoea was to consult health personnels (58%). While 26.9% used ORS and the rest wanted it in combination with medicines. Only 12.54% and 22.33% mothers could prepare Sugar Salt Solution and ORS correctly, respectively. JMS 2012;15(2):111-14
Wazwan the Kashmiri Cuisine - A Caloric Bomb
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , Akhtar Sakina , Masoodi Shariq Rashid
Published: March 2019

Wazwan, the Kashmiri cuisine, is a unique component of Kashmiri culture. Comprising of seven to thirty-six dishes of mutton, chicken, fruits and vegetables, it is served to invited persons (guests) on special occasions. Besides being micro- and macro-nutrient rich (especially in proteins), it is also rich in calories. Though cherished by all, it not feasible for patients suffering with obesity, diabetes, chronic liver disease or kidney disease because of its high caloric and protein content. In this article, the high calorie content of Wazwan is discussed. JMS 2012;15(2):173-74
Microperforate Hymen in a Full Term Primigravida in Active Labour
Authors: Shah Imtiaz , Manhas Kamlesh , Mehta Nandita , Gupta Vipul , Shah Manan
Published: March 2019

Remote rural area with limited medical facilities had to under emergency lower caesarean section for acute labour as no vaginal opening was noticed. Patient was referred to tertiary centre for further management. JMS 2012;15(2):184-85
PENGAJARAN KOSA KATA BAGI MAHASISWA EFL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN GAME
Authors: Rudianto Gaguk , Aldriani Yessie
Published: March 2019

Regardless of the vocabulary teaching in EFL students is neglected, the role of vocabulary becomes more and more essential in both second language teaching more over foreign language one. Putting off vocabulary teaching happens because many English teachers are not confident enough to decide both method and technique of teaching vocabulary. This paper is written to give interesting alternative of vocabulary teaching technique with the hope to meet challenge of teaching vocabulary
ANALISIS YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERKAIT ADANYA KLAUSULA BAKU DI LINGKUNGAN PERBANKAN
Authors: Indrasanta Rizki Tri Anugrah Bhakti,
Published: March 2019

Fungsi bank sebagai lembaga intermediasi pada sebuah negara mutlak diperlukan. Dengan berbagai resikoyang ditanggungnya, bank selalu mengutamakan adanya perjanjian antara dirinya dengan nasabah, danseringkali isi dari perjanjian tersebut memuat klausula baku. Hal tersebut tentu menguntungkan bagi bank,sebaliknya posisi nasabah menjadi lemah, karena dihadapkan pada dua pilihan yaitu menerima atau menolakperjanjian dengan klausula baku tersebut (take it or leave it). Inilah yang kemudian sering merugikannasabah. Undang-undang Nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK), sebenarnya telahmemberi pengaturan mengenai pencantuman klausula baku, namun kenyataan dilapangan menunjukkan haltersebut masih tetap digunakan oleh perbankan di Indonesia. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untukmendeskripsikan dan menganalisis (1)klausula baku dalam perjanjian perbankan jika dikaitkan denganUUPK, (2) bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap nasabah perbankan karena adanya klausula baku. Terdapatbeberapa permasalahan terkait adanya klausula baku pada perjanjian perbankan antara lain keberadaanklausula baku dalam perjanjian perbankan jika dikaitkan dengan Undang-Undang perlindungan Konsumenserta bentuk perlindungan hukumnya. Sumber utama penelitian ini adalah data yang sudah tersedia dalambentuk ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang sudah pernah ditulis, yang kemudian akan dikaji menurutketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif yaitudilakukan dengan cara menelaah dan menginterpretasikan hal-hal yang bersifat teoritis yang menyangkutasas, konsepsi, doktrin dan norma hukum yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan konsumen danperjanjian. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisisditarik kesimpulan secara deduktif, yaitu cara berpikir yang didasarkan pada fakta-fakta yang bersifatumum untuk kemudian ditarik suatu kesimpulan bersifat khusus.
TANGGUNG JAWAB NOTARIS DALAM PEMBUATAN PERJANJIAN SUBROGASI DENGAN JAMINAN HAK ATAS TANAH DI KOTA BATAM
Authors: Riyanto Agus
Published: March 2019

Perbankan memiliki posisi strategis sebagai lembaga intermediasi danpenunjang sistem pembayaran. Untuk menjamin pinjaman ataupembiayaan yang diberikan bank kepada debitur atau nasabah, makabank akan membebankan agunan kepada nasabah. Dalam praktek,kredit yang sudah dijamin dengan agunan seringkali dilakukan takeover. Take over dipilih masyarakat karena dengan berbagai alasan,misalnya prosedur kredit yang sederhana dan waktu yang dibutuhkanjuga relatif cepat. Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisispertanggungjawaban Notaris dalam pembuatan perjanjian take overkhususnya jika pinjaman/kredit dijamin dengan hak atas tanah. Metodeyang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah normatif, dimana penelitimemperoleh data dari studi pustaka yang kemudian akan diuji denganasas-asas hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalampembuatan akta perjanjian take over, pada hakekatnya Notarismemiliki tanggung jawab baik secara moral maupun hukum.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG RECHTVINDING (PENEMUAN HUKUM) DALAM HUKUM PERDATA INDONESIA
Authors: Martam Nurmin K
Published: March 2019

Hukum mempunyai fungsi untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadapkepentingan manusia (seluruh manusia tanpa terkecuali). Dalam kehidupanbermasyarakat diperlukan suatu sistem hukum untuk menciptakan kehidupanmasyarakat yang harmonis dan teratur. Untuk mendapatka kepastian hukum,dipengadilan hakim dan hakim konstitusi wajib menggali, mengikuti, danmemahami nilai-nilai hukum dan rasa keadilan yang hidup dalammasyarakat. Hal inilah menjadi dasar bahwa merupakan sesuatu yang tidakdapat dihindarkan bahwa proses rechtsvinding harus tetap dilakukan olehhakim dalam memutuskan perkara yang tidak ditemukan secara jelas dantegas dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Adapun pendekatan yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif, yaitudengan menggunakan teori-teori serta pendapat para sarjana denganmelakukan analisa terhadap ketentuan-ketentuan yang berlaku dalam hukumpositif Indonesia. Sejalan dengan perkembangan masyarakat yang semakindinamis, maka hal itu menuntut adanya sebuah perkembangan hukum yangdinamis pula. Hal ini sejalan dengan sistem hukum perdata itu sendiri yangsifatnya dinamis dan tidak statis. Maka, tugas penting dari hakim ialahmenyesuaikan undang-undang dengan kejadian-kejadian konkrit dalammasyarakat. Apabila undang-undang tidak dapat ditetapkan hakim secaratepat menurut kata-kata undang-undang itu atau undang-undang tersebuttidak jelas, maka hakim harus menafsirkan undang-undang tersebut, sehinggahakim dapat membuat suatu keputusan hukum yang sungguh-sungguh adilsesuai dengan apa yang menjadi maksud dan tujuan hukum, yaitu tercapainyakepastian hukum.
Seleksi Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil (CPNS) Menurut Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara Dan Reformasi Birokrasi Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2017 Tentang Nilai Ambang Batas Tes Kopetensi Dasar CPNS Tahun 2017
Authors: S Erick Junata
Published: March 2019

Penerimaan Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil atau yang selanjutnya disingkat CPNS merupakan salah satu momentum yang paling diminati oleh masyarakat. Banyaknya minat masyarakat yang mengikuti seleksi CPNS yang diadakan oleh Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Kepulauan Riau dimana tahap awal peserta harus melaksanakan ujian CAT, pengecekan Fisik, dan Wawancara bagi pelamar S-1 dan D-3. Peserta jenjang SMA sedikit berbeda, setelah ujian CAT, mereka wajib mengikuti tes kesampataan, dan Test Pengamatan Fisik dan Keterampilan serta Wawancara. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka penulis mengangkat tujuan penelitian sebagai berikut: pertama, Sejauh mana transparansi seleksi Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Lingkungan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Kepulauan Riau. Kedua, Apa saja kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan penerimaan Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Lingkungan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Kepulauan Riau. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah empiris, dengan teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulan datanya adalah menggunakan Wawancara
TINJAUAN TERHADAP SISTEM MULTI PARTAI DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN PRESIDENSIAL DI INDONESIA PADA ERA REFORMASI
Authors: Arman Zuhdi
Published: March 2019

Amendment Act of 1945 that occurred in the era of reform based on a commitment to reinforce the Presidential system. In contrast, multi-party system in combination with the current presidential system of government is to encourage parties to form a coalition that actually weakens the presidential system itself. Practices in Indonesian coalition formed before the general election of President and Vice President dominated political dealings regarding the division of public office without the formulation of a common platform. In fact, the coalition was formed not ensure that parties who are members of the coalition that has a representative in the legislature will always support government programs. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the application of multi-party system in the Presidential system of government in Indonesia in the reform era at once formulate implications for the executive and legislative relations and the implementation of the ideal. This type of research can be can be classified into types of normative juridical research, because it makes the literature as the main focus. Source of data used,the primary legal materials,secondary law, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques in thisstudy using the method of literature study. The results showed that the application of multi-party system in the Presidential system of government actually weaken the presidential system and have implications for the executive and legislative relations. Three things that the implications are; First, the number of political parties' interests that conflict with government policy. Second, the absence of permanent coalition arrangement. Third, the weak position of President. Ideally the implementation of a multi-party system, in order to create stability in the Indonesian presidential system of government, then there are three (3) things that need to be addressed in our Presidential system, namely: First, the simplification of the political parties, the second, setting the coalition remains, and the third, the strengthening of institutional design presidency. The author suggests needed coalition of political parties that are permanently defined by the rules of Law clearer so that it will produce a strong and efficient government.
A New Model for Constant Fuel Utilization and Constant Fuel Flow in Fuel Cells
Authors: Chakraborty Uday K.
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a new model of fuel cells for two different modes of operation: constant fuel utilization control (constant stoichiometry condition) and constant fuel flow control (constant flow rate condition). The model solves the long-standing problem of mixing reversible and irreversible potentials (equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) in the Nernst voltage expression. Specifically, a Nernstian gain term is introduced for the constant fuel utilization condition, and it is shown that the Nernstian gain is an irreversibility in the computation of the output voltage of the fuel cell. A Nernstian loss term accounts for an irreversibility for the constant fuel flow operation. Simulation results are presented. The model has been validated against experimental data from the literature.
Phase Diagrams of Fatty Acids as Biosourced Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Mailhé Clément , Duquesne Marie , Palomo del Barrio Elena , Azaiez Mejdi , Achchaq Fouzia
Published: March 2019

Thermal energy storage is known as a key element to optimize the use of renewable energies and to improve building performances. Phase change materials (PCMs) derived from wastes or by-products of plant or animal oil origins are low-cost biosourced PCMs and are composed of more than 75% of fatty acids. They present paraffin-like storage properties and melting temperatures ranging from −23 °C to 78 °C. Therefore, they could be appropriate for latent heat storage technologies for building applications. Although already studied, a more detailed exploration of this class of PCMs is still required. In this frame, a screening of fatty acids and of their related binary systems must be performed. The infrared thermography method (IRT), already used for the fast estimation of simple phase diagrams (~2 h), appears to be best suited to achieve this goal. IRT method applicability to the more complex fatty acids phase diagrams is hence studied in this work. A phase diagram comprising more than a hundred data sets was obtained for the palmitic acid–stearic acid binary system. The reliability of the results is assessed by comparison to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements or results from other standard methods presented in literature and to a solid–liquid equilibrium thermodynamic model.
Perforated Medium Applied in Frequency Selective Surfaces and Curved Antenna Radome
Authors: Duan Zhonghang , Abomakhleb Gheit , Lu Guizhen
Published: March 2019

A perforated medium (PM) combined with an ultra-wideband frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed for the antenna radome design, which provides more flexibility in the radome materials selection and processing. The dielectric constant performance of the PM can be improved by perforating air holes through the medium, thus the restrictions of the FSS medium material parameters can be released. A multiscale homogenization method is utilized to calculate the dielectric constant of this PM, and the transmission coefficients of the planar FSS structure at different incidence angles are computed. The PM FSS is then applied in the curved antenna radome. The physical optic method serves to analyze the transmission performance of the curved antenna radome. In order to reduce the computational difficulties and meet the requirements of physical optic computing, the transmission coefficients are obtained as a function of the frequency by the vector fitting method, and the incidence angle dependence is deduced by B spline interpolation. The simulated and experimental radiation patterns with and without the radome are compared and the results show good agreement.
How Soft Polymers Cope with Cracks and Notches
Authors: Spagnoli Andrea , Terzano Michele , Brighenti Roberto , Artoni Federico , Carpinteri Andrea
Published: March 2019

Soft matter denotes a large category of materials showing unique properties, resulting from a low elastic modulus, a very high deformation capability, time-dependent mechanical behavior, and a peculiar mechanics of damage and fracture. The flaw tolerance, commonly understood as the ability of a given material to withstand external loading in the presence of a defect, is certainly one of the most noticeable attributes. This feature results from a complex and highly entangled microstructure, where the mechanical response to external loading is mainly governed by entropic-related effects. In the present paper, the flaw tolerance of soft elastomeric polymers, subjected to large deformation, is investigated experimentally. In particular, we consider the tensile response of thin plates made of different silicone rubbers, containing defects of various severity at different scales. Full-field strain maps are acquired by means of the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The experimental results are interpreted by accounting for the blunting of the defects due to large deformation in the material. The effect of blunting is interpreted in terms of reduction of the stress concentration factor generated by the defect, and failure is compared to that of traditional crystalline brittle materials.
Improved Discharge Capacity of Zinc Particles by Applying Bismuth-Doped Silica Coating for Zinc-Based Batteries
Authors: Michlik Tobias , Rosin Andreas , Gerdes Thorsten , Moos Ralf
Published: March 2019

Corrosion and discharge behavior of battery-grade zinc particles coated with a silica layer doped with bismuth was investigated and compared with untreated zinc powder. Electrochemical investigations were carried out in half-cell configuration. The electrolyte was 6 M KOH in excess. Coated zinc particles provided a discharge capacity of 737 mAh g−1 (89.9% DoD) versus 633 mAh g−1 (77.2% DoD) of untreated zinc particles after a dwell time of 1 h in KOH. The silica coating reduced the direct contact of the zinc surface with the electrolyte and thus minimized the hydrogen evolution reaction, which led to an increased discharge capacity. Additionally, bismuth doping enhanced conductivity within the silica coating and increased zinc utilization. Those coated zinc particles inhibited corrosion, i.e., corrosion efficiency reached 87.9% compared to uncoated zinc. Additionally, the coating achieved a capacity retention of 90.9% (670 mAh g−1) after 48 h dwell time in 6 M KOH. The coatings were prepared by sol-gel technology and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface determination.
Fast Electrical Characterizations of High-Energy Second Life Lithium-Ion Batteries for Embedded and Stationary Applications
Authors: Quinard Honorat , Redondo-Iglesias Eduardo , Pelissier Serge , Venet Pascal
Published: March 2019

This paper focuses on the fast characterization of automotive second life lithium-ion batteries that have been recently re-used in many projects to create battery storages for stationary applications and sporadically for embedded applications. Specific criteria dedicated to the second life are first discussed. After a short review of the available state of health indicators and their associated determination techniques, some electrical characterization tests are explored through an experimental campaign. This offline identification aims to estimate the remaining ability of the battery to store energy. Twenty-four modules from six different commercial electric vehicles are analyzed. Well-known methodologies like incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and constant voltage phase analysis during CC-CV charge highlight the difficulty—and sometimes the impossibility—to apply traditional tools on a battery pack or on individual modules, in the context of real second life applications. Indeed, the diversity of the available second life batteries induces a combination of aging mechanisms that leads to a complete heterogeneity from a cell to another. Moreover, due to the unknown first life of the battery, typical state of health determination methodologies are difficult to use. A new generic technique based on a partial coulometric counter is proposed and compared to other techniques. In the present case study, the partial coulometric counter allows a fast determination of the capacity aging. In conclusion, future improvements and working tracks are addressed.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) in Breast Cancer
Authors: Bademler Suleyman , Ucuncu Muhammed Zubeyr , Tilgen Yasasever Ceren , Serilmez Murat , Ertin Hakan , Karanlık Hasan
Published: March 2019

Recent research focused on prolonged survival has suggested that carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) plays a role in both tumor microenvironment formation and distant metastasis in cancer. In some patients, serum and expression (mRNA) levels of CPA4 have been found to be correlated with the aggressiveness and progression of the disease. Accordingly, we conducted a first study to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of CPA4 in the case of breast cancer (BC), the most common form of malignancy in women. The study included a total of 50 patients with BC and 20 healthy women as the control group. The participants’ serum CPA4 levels were determined by the ELISA test, and, for assessment of CPA4 mRNA, we used the PCR method. The serum CPA4 (p = 0.001) and CPA4 mRNA (p = 0.015) levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the controls, compared to the patient group. When the results of patient group were statistically analyzed based on subgrouping by tumor characteristics, the measured CPA4 mRNA levels showed significant difference with respect to the molecular subtype (p = 0.006), pN status (p = 0.023), and pathological stage (p = 0.039), while the serum CPA4 measurements differed significantly in terms of pathological type only (p = 0.024). We conclude that CPA4 is diagnostically and prognostically not futile when used in combination with the other considerations and measurements in breast cancer.
Current Knowledge of IL-6 Cytokine Family Members in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Magno Aaron , Herat Lakshini , Carnagarin Revathy , Schlaich Markus , Matthews Vance
Published: March 2019

Healthy kidneys are important for the efficient regulation of metabolism. However, there is an ever increasing population of patients suffering from both acute and chronic kidney diseases that disrupt this homeostasis. This review will explore the emerging roles that interleukin 6 (IL-6) cytokine family members play in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. The IL-6 family of cytokines are involved in a diverse range of physiological functions. In relation to kidney disease, their involvement is no less diverse. Evidence from both preclinical and clinical sources show that IL-6 cytokine family members can play either a deleterious or protective role in response to kidney disease. This appears to be dependent on the type of kidney disease in question or the specific cytokine. Current attempts to use or target IL-6 cytokine family members as therapies of kidney diseases will be highlighted throughout this review. Finally, the involvement of IL-6 cytokine family members in kidney disease will be presented in the context of three regularly overlapping conditions: obesity, hypertension and diabetes.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis: Present and Future
Authors: Voge Natalia V. , Alvarez Enrique
Published: March 2019

The global incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) appears to be increasing. Although it may not be associated with a high mortality rate, this disease has a high morbidity rate which affects the quality of life of patients and reduces their ability to do their activities of daily living. Thankfully, the development of novel disease modifying therapies continues to increase. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) have become a mainstay of MS treatment and they are likely to continue to be developed for the treatment of this disease. Specifically, MABs have proven to be some of the most efficacious treatments at reducing relapses and the inflammation in MS patients, including the first treatment for primary progressive MS and are being explored as reparative/remyelinating agents as well. These relatively new treatments will be reviewed here to help evaluate their efficacy, adverse events, immunogenicity, and benefit-risk ratios in the treatment of the diverse spectrum of MS. The focus will be on MABs that are currently approved or may be approved in the near future.
Fe-Doping in Double Perovskite PrBaCo2(1-x)Fe2xO6-δ: Insights into Structural and Electronic Effects to Enhance Oxygen Evolution Catalyst Stability
Authors: Kim Bae-Jung , Fabbri Emiliana , Castelli Ivano E. , Borlaf Mario , Graule Thomas , Nachtegaal Maarten , Schmidt Thomas J.
Published: March 2019

Perovskite oxides have been gaining attention for its capability to be designed as an ideal electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Among promising candidates, the layered double perovskite—PrBaCo2O6-δ (PBC)—has been identified as the most active perovskite electrocatalyst for OER in alkaline media. For a single transition metal oxide catalyst, the addition of Fe enhances its electrocatalytic performance towards OER. To understand the role of Fe, herein, Fe is incorporated in PBC in different ratios, which yielded PrBaCo2(1-x)Fe2xCo6-δ (x = 0, 0.2 and 0.5). Fe-doped PBCF’s demonstrate enhanced OER activities and stabilities. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that Co is more stable in a lower oxidation state upon Fe incorporation by establishing charge stability. Hence, the degradation of Co is inhibited such that the perovskite structure is prolonged under the OER conditions, which allows it to serve as a platform for the oxy(hydroxide) layer formation. Overall, our findings underline synergetic effects of incorporating Fe into Co-based layered double perovskite in achieving a higher activity and stability during oxygen evolution reaction.
Membrane-Associated, Not Cytoplasmic or Nuclear, FGFR1 Induces Neuronal Differentiation
Authors: Csanaky Katalin , Hess Michael W. , Klimaschewski Lars
Published: March 2019

The intracellular transport of receptor tyrosine kinases results in the differential activation of various signaling pathways. In this study, optogenetic stimulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor type 1 (FGFR1) was performed to study the effects of subcellular targeting of receptor kinases on signaling and neurite outgrowth. The catalytic domain of FGFR1 fused to the algal light-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domain was directed to different cellular compartments (plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus) in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Blue light stimulation elevated the pERK and pPLCγ1 levels in membrane-opto-FGFR1-transfected cells similarly to ligand-induced receptor activation; however, no changes in pAKT levels were observed. PC12 cells transfected with membrane-opto-FGFR1 exhibited significantly longer neurites after light stimulation than after growth factor treatment, and significantly more neurites extended from their cell bodies. The activation of cytoplasmic FGFR1 kinase enhanced ERK signaling in HEK293 cells but not in PC12 cells and did not induce neuronal differentiation. The stimulation of FGFR1 kinase in the nucleus also did not result in signaling changes or neurite outgrowth. We conclude that FGFR1 kinase needs to be associated with membranes to induce the differentiation of PC12 cells mainly via ERK activation.
Intertwined Strands for Ecology in Planetary Health
Authors: Horwitz Pierre , Parkes Margot W.
Published: March 2019

Ecology is both blessed and burdened by romanticism, with a legacy that is multi-edged for health. The prefix ‘eco-’ can carry a cultural and political (subversive) baggage, associated with motivating environmental activism. Ecology is also practiced as a technical ‘science’, with quantitative and deterministic leanings and a biophysical emphasis. A challenge for planetary health is to avoid lapsing into, or rejecting, either position. A related opportunity is to adopt ecological thought that offers a rich entrance to understanding living systems: a relationality of connectedness, interdependence, and reciprocity to understand health in a complex and uncertain world. Planetary health offers a global scale framing; we regard its potential as equivalent to the degree to which it can embrace, at its core, ecological thought, and develop its own political narrative.
Microstructures and Properties of Martensitic Materials
Authors: Cayron Cyril
Published: March 2019

Martensite, initially named in honor of Adolph Martens and his pioneering work in metallography and microstructures at the end of the 19th century, has now a far broader meaning than previously used [...]
Luminescent Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated with an Anionic Photosensitizer via the Memory Effect
Authors: Teixeira Alexandre C. , Morais Alysson F. , Silva Ivan G.N. , Breynaert Eric , Mustafa Danilo
Published: March 2019

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing Eu3+ activators were synthesized by coprecipitation of Zn2+, Al3+, and Eu3+ in alkaline NO3−-rich aqueous solution. Upon calcination, these materials transform into a crystalline ZnO solid solution containing Al and Eu. For suitably low calcination temperatures, this phase can be restored to LDH by rehydration in water, a feature known as the memory effect. During rehydration of an LDH, new anionic species can be intercalated and functionalized, obtaining desired physicochemical properties. This work explores the memory effect as a route to produce luminescent LDHs intercalated with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC), a known anionic photosensitizer for Eu3+. Time-dependent hydration of calcined LDHs in a BTC-rich aqueous solution resulted in the recovery of the lamellar phase and in the intercalation with BTC. The interaction of this photosensitizer with Eu3+ in the recovered hydroxide layers gave rise to efficient energy transfer from the BTC antennae to the Eu3+ ions, providing a useful tool to monitor the rehydration process of the calcined LDHs.
The Long and Short of Biodiversity: Cumulative Diversity and Its Drivers
Authors: Hammond Matthew , Kolasa Jurek
Published: March 2019

Long-term or cumulative diversity is the biodiversity that accumulates at a site over many generations of community members. Cumulative diversity is likely important to the intrinsic and functional value of ecosystems given the legacies left behind by many species. While its components—average short-term diversity (alpha) and temporal turnover (beta)—have been extensively studied, cumulative diversity itself has not. We therefore examined the environmental and community drivers of cumulative diversity with a novel hierarchical diversity partition. This partition breaks cumulative diversity into short-term, turnover, richness, and evenness components. We applied this framework to 49 tropical rock pool communities, censused over tens to hundreds of organism generations. Results uncovered two environmental regimes that differentially impacted the richness and evenness components of cumulative diversity: Occasional drying events mainly limited richness and reset communities, while less severe physicochemical variations reduced the evenness of communities. These causal pathways amount to differential controls on cumulative diversity; controls that can oppose each other to buffer diversity against change as well as create unexpected trade-offs for managers. We conclude that maintaining diversity at longer timescales requires new analytical tools and an expanded view that can account for its complexity.
Preface: Latest Developments, Methodologies, and Applications Based on UAV Platforms
Authors: Nex Francesco , Remondino Fabio
Published: March 2019

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) has boomed in the last decade, making these flying platforms an instrument for everyday data acquisition in many applications such as 3D modeling [...]
An Information Criterion for Auxiliary Variable Selection in Incomplete Data Analysis
Authors: Imori Shinpei , Shimodaira Hidetoshi
Published: March 2019

Statistical inference is considered for variables of interest, called primary variables, when auxiliary variables are observed along with the primary variables. We consider the setting of incomplete data analysis, where some primary variables are not observed. Utilizing a parametric model of joint distribution of primary and auxiliary variables, it is possible to improve the estimation of parametric model for the primary variables when the auxiliary variables are closely related to the primary variables. However, the estimation accuracy reduces when the auxiliary variables are irrelevant to the primary variables. For selecting useful auxiliary variables, we formulate the problem as model selection, and propose an information criterion for predicting primary variables by leveraging auxiliary variables. The proposed information criterion is an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the Kullback–Leibler divergence for complete data of primary variables under some reasonable conditions. We also clarify an asymptotic equivalence between the proposed information criterion and a variant of leave-one-out cross validation. Performance of our method is demonstrated via a simulation study and a real data example.
Arab Countries between Winter and Spring: Where Democracy Shock Goes Next!
Authors: Abdel-Latif Hany , Mishra Tapas , Staneva Anita
Published: March 2019

We examine the role of democracy shocks in the cross-country economic growth processes over a period of five decades since 1960. The recent uprisings that arose independently and spread across the Arab world form the main context of our investigation. We study if (i) a shock to democracy in one country triggers institutional reforms and growth upsurge in the neighbouring countries, and (ii) the magnitude and direction of response to democracy shocks are contingent upon income pathways of countries. To estimate the spillover effects of democracy shocks, we model and estimate growth interdependence among individual countries with similar democratic characteristics. To study the nature of responses of democracy shocks on cross-country growth processes, we build and estimate a Global Vector Autoregression (GVAR) model where we allow countries to be interdependent with regard to bilateral migration and geographical proximity. Using the GVAR model, we also stimulate a positive shock to democracy in Egypt—the most populous Arabic country—and study its impacts on institutional reforms and economic growth in the rest of the Arab World. We find that high and upper-middle income countries are immune to democracy shocks in Egypt, whereas the lower middle and low income countries are susceptible to another revolutionary wave.
Improved Fractional Open Circuit Voltage MPPT Methods for PV Systems
Authors: Baimel Dmitry , Tapuchi Saad , Levron Yoash , Belikov Juri
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes two new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods which improve the conventional Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV) method. The main novelty is a switched semi-pilot cell that is used for measuring the open-circuit voltage. In the first method this voltage is measured on the semi-pilot cell located at the edge of PV panel. During the measurement the semi-pilot cell is disconnected from the panel by a pair of transistors, and bypassed by a diode. In the second Semi-Pilot Panel method the open circuit voltage is measured on a pilot panel in a large PV system. The proposed methods are validated using simulations and experiments. It is shown that both methods can accurately estimate the maximum power point voltage, and hence improve the system efficiency.
Features Dimensionality Reduction Approaches for Machine Learning Based Network Intrusion Detection
Authors: Abdulhammed Razan , Musafer Hassan , Alessa Ali , Faezipour Miad , Abuzneid Abdelshakour
Published: March 2019

The security of networked systems has become a critical universal issue that influences individuals, enterprises and governments. The rate of attacks against networked systems has increased dramatically, and the tactics used by the attackers are continuing to evolve. Intrusion detection is one of the solutions against these attacks. A common and effective approach for designing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is Machine Learning. The performance of an IDS is significantly improved when the features are more discriminative and representative. This study uses two feature dimensionality reduction approaches: (i) Auto-Encoder (AE): an instance of deep learning, for dimensionality reduction, and (ii) Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The resulting low-dimensional features from both techniques are then used to build various classifiers such as Random Forest (RF), Bayesian Network, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) for designing an IDS. The experimental findings with low-dimensional features in binary and multi-class classification show better performance in terms of Detection Rate (DR), F-Measure, False Alarm Rate (FAR), and Accuracy. This research effort is able to reduce the CICIDS2017 dataset’s feature dimensions from 81 to 10, while maintaining a high accuracy of 99.6% in multi-class and binary classification. Furthermore, in this paper, we propose a Multi-Class Combined performance metric C o m b i n e d M c with respect to class distribution to compare various multi-class and binary classification systems through incorporating FAR, DR, Accuracy, and class distribution parameters. In addition, we developed a uniform distribution based balancing approach to handle the imbalanced distribution of the minority class instances in the CICIDS2017 network intrusion dataset.
Design and Realization of a Multiple Access Wireless Power Transfer System for Optimal Power Line Communication Data Transfer
Authors: Barmada Sami , Tucci Mauro , Fontana Nunzia , Dghais Wael , Raugi Marco
Published: March 2019

In this contribution, the authors evaluate the possibility of using separated access points for power and data transfer in a coupled Wireless Power Transfer-Powerline Communication system. Such a system has been previously proposed by the authors for specific applications, in which Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) should take place in a system where data are transmitted over the power grid. In previous works the authors have performed lab tests on a two coils WPT system equipped with a set of filters to also allow an efficient data transfer. When a multiple coil WPT system is chosen, additional possibilities arise: the access point for power and data can be differentiated, with the aim of maintaining the designed power efficiency and increase data transfer capacity. In this study a four coils WPT system is thoroughly analyzed, modelled, implemented and measured, and a set of guidelines for the correct design (in terms of performance optimization) of the data transfer is given.
Voltage Support under Grid Faults with Inherent Current Limitation for Three-Phase Droop-Controlled Inverters
Authors: Paspatis Alexandros G. , Konstantopoulos George C.
Published: March 2019

A novel nonlinear current-limiting controller for three-phase grid-tied droop-controlled inverters that is capable of offering voltage support during balanced and unbalanced grid voltage drops is proposed in this paper. The proposed controller introduces a unified structure under both normal and abnormal grid conditions operating as a droop controller or following the recent fault-ride-through requirement to provide voltage support. In the case of unbalanced faults, the inverter can further inject or absorb the required negative sequence real and reactive power to eliminate the negative sequence voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) whilst ensuring at all times boundedness for the grid current. To accomplish this task, a novel and easily implementable method for dividing the available current into the two sequences (positive and negative) is proposed, suitably adapting the proposed controller parameters. Furthermore, nonlinear input-to-state stability theory is used to guarantee that the total grid current remains limited below its given maximum value under both normal and abnormal grid conditions. Asymptotic stability for any equilibrium point of the closed-loop system in the bounded operating range is also analytically proven for first time using interconnected-systems stability analysis irrespective of the system parameters. The proposed control concept is verified using an OPAL-RT real-time digital simulation system for a three-phase inverter connected to the grid.
Water-In-Oil Emulsion as Boiler Fuel for Reduced NOx Emissions and Improved Energy Saving
Authors: Hsuan Chung-Yao , Hou Shuhn-Shyurng , Wang Yun-Li , Lin Ta-Hui
Published: March 2019

An experimental system for observing the drop vaporization and microexplosion characteristics of emulsified droplets in high-temperature environments was conducted to analyze the effects of environmental temperature, droplet size, and water content on droplet behavior. In addition, emulsified low-sulfur heavy fuel oil (HFO) with a 20 vol% water content and pure low-sulfur HFO were used as fuels for burning in an industrial boiler under normal operating conditions. The results showed that by using an emulsified HFO with a 20 vol% water content, the boiler efficiency can be improved by 2%, and that a reduction of 35 ppm in NOx emissions (corresponding to a NOx reduction rate of 18%) can be achieved. These advantages are due to the occurrence of a microexplosion during the combustion of the emulsified droplets. It was observed that when emulsified HFO with a 20 vol% water content was used, the fuel (HFO) consumption rate was 252 l/h. On the other hand, the fuel consumption rate was 271 l/h when pure low-sulfur HFO was used. Therefore, a reduction of 19 l/h in the fuel (HFO) consumption rate was achieved when using the water-in-oil emulsion, corresponding to fuel savings of 7%.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) at Its Southern Lineage in Europe. Implications for Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources
Authors: Stojnić Srđan , V. Avramidou Evangelia , Fussi Barbara , Westergren Marjana , Orlović Saša , Matović Bratislav , Trudić Branislav , Kraigher Hojka , A. Aravanopoulos Filippos , Konnert Monika
Published: March 2019

In the present paper we studied the genetic diversity and genetic structure of five Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) natural populations situated in Serbia, belonging to the southern lineage of the species at the southern margin of the species distribution range. Four populations occur as disjunct populations on the outskirts of the Dinaric Alps mountain chain, whereas one is located at the edge of Balkan Mountain range and, therefore, can be considered as ecologically marginal due to drier climatic conditions occurring in this region. Due to the negative effect of biotic and abiotic stress factors, the sustainability of these populations is endangered, making conservation of their genetic resources one of the key measures of Norway spruce persistence in Serbia under climatic changes. The insight on genetic diversity and genetic structure of the studied spruce populations can provide the information required for the initiation of programs aimed at the conservation and utilization of spruce genetic resources at the rear edge of species environmental limits. Norway spruce genetic variation and population genetic structure were estimated using eight EST-SSR markers. The results showed that mean expected heterozygosity was 0.616 and allelic richness 10.22. Genetic differentiation among populations was low (Fst = 0.007). No recent bottleneck effect or isolation by distance were detected. Bayesian clustering, obtained with STRUCTURE, grouped the populations into two genetic clusters, whereas UPGMA analysis distinguished three main groups approximately in line with the geographic area of occurrence. Based on the study results and the EUFORGEN Pan-European strategy for genetic conservation of forest trees, the establishment of additional dynamic gene conservation units must be considered in Serbia in order to protect the adaptive and neutral genetic diversity of the species.
The Hydrodynamics of a Micro-Rocket Propelled by a Deformable Bubble
Authors: Gallino Giacomo , Zhu Lailai , Gallaire François
Published: March 2019

We perform simulations to study the hydrodynamics of a conical-shaped swimming micro-robot that ejects catalytically produced bubbles from its inside. We underline the nontrivial dependency of the swimming velocity on the bubble deformability and on the geometry of the swimmer. We identify three distinct phases during the bubble evolution: immediately after nucleation the bubble is spherical and its inflation barely affects the swimming speed; then the bubble starts to deform due to the confinement gradient generating a force that propels the swimmer; while in the last phase, the bubble exits the cone, resulting in an increase in the swimmer velocity. Our results shed light on the fundamental hydrodynamics of the propulsion of catalytic conical swimmers and may help to improve the efficiency of these micro-machines.
Agency Equilibrium
Authors: Newton Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Agency may be exercised by different entities (e.g., individuals, firms, households). A given individual can form part of multiple agents (e.g., he may belong to a firm and a household). The set of agents that act in a given situation might not be common knowledge. We adapt the standard model of incomplete information to model such situations.
Depictions of American Indians in George Armstrong Custer’s My Life on the Plains
Authors: Johannesen Danielle
Published: March 2019

General George Armstrong Custer remains one of the most iconic and mythologized figures in the history of the American West. His infamous defeat at the 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn largely defines his legacy; historical scholarship and popular representations of Custer consistently focus on his “Last Stand.” However, Custer was also a writer with a keen appreciation for arts and culture. This article analyzes Custer’s descriptions of American Indians in his memoir My Life on the Plains (1874). I trace how Custer’s descriptions of Indians and Indian culture clearly reveal a colonial mindset; yet, Custer regularly reflects on Indians and Indian culture with interest, curiosity, and even respect. I analyze these moments of potential commiseration and question whether these moments depart from a colonial mindset. Additionally, I analyze how Custer constructs Indians as the “enemy” and show how these constructions are problematic, yet critical for Custer’s aestheticizing of military conflict. Ultimately, I argue that Custer’s memoir is deserving of increased attention as a literary text and show how to reveal complexities and contradictions with literary and historical implications.