bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DATA-DRIVEN RISK MANAGEMENT FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AS SUPPORTED BY THE EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION FOR DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT OF THE SOCIAL AND HYGIENIC MONITORING FRAMEWORK IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION UP TO 2030
Authors: Popova A.Yu. , Kuz’min S.V. , Gurvich V.B. , Kozlovskikh D.N. , Romanov S.V. , Dikonskaya O.V. , Malykh O.L. , Kuz’mina E.A. , Yarushin S.V.
Published: September 2019

The paper discusses the trends and tasks of the development of the social and hygienic monitoring framework in the Russian Federation according to «Road Map 2030». The framework for state social and hygienic monitoring needs to adopt intersectional and interdisciplinary properties to meet the demands of data-driven decision-making and provide for a better risk management in public health, improving the risk-oriented and preventive model of surveillance activities. This would also promote the enhancement of the risk-oriented and preventive model of surveillance activities. The core of the Road Map is aimed to ensure the enforcement of the Russian President’s Executive Order no. 204 from May 7, 2018 ‘On National Goals and Strategic Objectives of the Russian Federation through to 2024’. The development of the socio-hygienic monitoring framework relies on enhancing the support, including financial one, for a more informed decision-making on international, national, regional and local arenas and at the level of economic agents. The support pertains to the national policy priorities with respect to sanitary and epidemiological safety and consumer rights protection. The role of socio-hygienic monitoring increases both within the regulatory process and with respect to the justification of sanitary and epidemiological requirements.
RESULTS OF SCREENING ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND AMINO ACIDS CONTENT IN THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS DIET
Authors: Mazhaeva T.V. , Dubenko S.E.
Published: September 2019

To decrease the toxic effects of xenobiotics on healthy workers in healthful and dietary meals, it’s important to consider not only the proper diet intake of macro- and micronutrients, but protein quality in terms of essential amino acids. A study was conducted to evaluate nutritional value and amino acids content in the industrial workers diets of two metallurgical enterprises by calculation and laboratory methods. We found that set of healthful and dietary meals at the calculation stage do not comply with regulatory requirements for fats and carbohydrates by 34 and 16 percent, respectively. According to laboratory tests, from 57 to 68 percent of sets of healthful and dietary meals do not comply with regulatory requirements for proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The discrepancy in the data on the amount of determined nutrients between the calculated and laboratory methods may be due to calculation errors, shortage and quality of raw materials, as well as a limitation of methods for determining fat and carbohydrates. With a set of healthful and dietary meals workers can satisfy the almost daily requirement for the corresponding energy expenditures for some amino acids, however, the required amount of these amino acids in workers in contact with heavy metals has not been established. It has also been found that in diets of healthful and dietary meals, the ratio of tryptophan / lysine / methionine + cystine is violated towards an excess of tryptophan, whose deamination products are highly toxic. It is necessary to continue further investigation of ready-made diets of healthful and dietary meals for nutritional value and amino acid content in order to identify factors affecting the discrepancy within research results between calculation and laboratory methods, as well as establish adequate norms for amino acids intake in workers exposed to toxic substances.
OBESITY-ASSOCIATED MORBIDITY ANALYSIS IN THE POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (ACCORDING TO THE SOCIAL-HYGIENIC MONITORING DATA OF FEDERAL INFORMATION FUND)
Authors: Litvinovа O.S. , Kalinovskaya M.V. , Filatova S.A.
Published: September 2019

We analyzed the data of the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring on the obesity-associated morbidity of the population of the Russian Federation during the 2013-2017 period(children, adolescents, adults).Data assessment was carried out by the Federal Hygienic and Epidemiological Center of Rospotrebnadzor. About 40 subjects of the Russian Federation are included into the «risk areas» due to obesity-associated morbidity. An increase in the obesity-associated morbidity in adolescents by 1.3 times was noted, an increase in this indicator is predicted in this age category of the population, and the obesity-associated morbidity among children including aged 0 to 14 years with the first-ever diagnosis decreased by 2% in 2017. The implementation of the main directions of the national project «Demography» will allow us to determine the list of basic indicators for determining the dependence of the influence of adverse factors on the development of alimentary-dependent diseases, as well as form analytical and information panels of the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring on this issue.
Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in relation to crop productivity in an acid Inceptisols
Authors: Purohit Debasis , Mandal Mitali , Dash Avisek , Rout Kumbha Karna , Panda Narayan , Singh Muneswar
Published: September 2019

An effective approach for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity simultaneously through exploitation of biological potential for efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crops is very much needed in this current era. Thus, an attempt is made here to investigate the impact of long term fertilization in the soil ecology in rice-rice cropping system in post kharif - 2015 in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an acidic sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with quadruplicated treatments. Soil samples at different growth stages of rice were collected from long term fertilizer experiment.The studied long-term manured treatments included 100 % N, 100% NP, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK and 100 % NPK+FYM (5 t ha-1) and an unmanured control. Soil fertility status like SOC content and other available nutrient content has decreased continuously towards the crop growth period. Comparing the results of different treatments, it was found that the application of 100% NPK + FYM exhibited highest nutrient content in soils. With regards to microbial properties it was also observed that the amount of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) showed highest accumulation in 100 % NPK + FYM at maximum tillering stage of the rice. The results further reveal that dehydrogenase activity was maximum at panicle initiation stage and thereafter it decreases. Soil organic carbon content, MBC, MBN and dehydrogenase activity were significantly correlated with each other. Significant correlations were observed between rice yield and MBC at maturity stage( R2 = 0.94**) and panicle initiation stage( R2 = 0.92**) and available nitrogen content at maturity stage( R2 = 0.91**).
Pengaruh Profitabilitas Terhadap Kebijakan Dividen Dengan Likuiditas Sebagai Pemoderasi
Authors: Puspitaningtyas Zarah , Prakoso Aryo , Masruroh Andaratul
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of profitability on dividend policy by using liquidity as a moderating variable. Profitability is proxied using asset returns, the dividend policy is proxied using a dividend payout ratio, while liquidity is proxied using the current ratio. This research uses quantitative with the type of association research. The population is all 21 companies in the agricultural sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, then the sample was selected using a purposive sampling method and obtained 7 companies. Data is obtained from the annual report on the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The next data collected was analyzed using the moderated regression analysis. The results of the analysis prove that profitability influences dividend policy and liquidity moderate the relationship of profitability with dividend policy.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Kosmetik Wardah di Transmart Bahu Manado
Authors: Nyonyie Riska Asnawi , Kalangi Johnny A. F. , Tamengkel Lucky F.
Published: September 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of Product Quality on Customer Loyalty Wardah Cosmetic at Transmart Bahu Manado. This research method uses a quantitative method, with a sample of 96 respondents who are Wardah product costumers. The sampling techniques in this study are using Purposive Sampling. Data collection techniques in this study were questionnaires. The data analysis method used in this study is a simple regression data analysis method with an associative approach to see a causal relationship that includes validity test, reliability test, and simple regression analysis processed using the help of computer program SPSS 25. From the test result can be known statistically, it can be seen clearly that the independent variable Product Quality affects the dependent variable Customer Loyalty. The result of the study show: Based on the calculation results of the determinant coefficient obtained the R square value of 0,725 or 72,5% which states that there is variable influence Product Quality on the variable Customer Loyalty, while the remaining 24,5 % is influenced by other factors not present in this study. This shows that Product Quality has a significant effect on Customer Loyalty. Where if the Product Quality is getting better, Customer Loyalty will be higher too.
Penerapan Overhaul Engine Stand Kijang Menggunakan Alat-Alat Spesial Service Tool Di SMK NU 1 Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Akhmadi Amin Nur , Qurohman M. Taufik , Romadhon Syaefani Arif
Published: September 2019

Vocational High School is the biggest contributor to unemployment in the area, many supporting factors such as the unstable condition of the company. Basically, that is not all, the teaching process for these Vocational Schools is at the forefront of the increase in the unemployment rate of SMK graduates. From the results of community service activities, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) With the community service at Adiwerna District 1 Vocational High School, giving at Adiwerna Nu 1 Vocational School in Tegal Regency, providing knowledge, understanding, and innovation on efficient engine stand overhauls according to operational standards procedure; (2) Speeding up the work when the engine stand overhaul practices in competency subjects overhaul the engine with the SOP tool so as to make students competent in their performance practices.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Mobile Menggunakan PowerPoint Bagi Guru-guru SMP, SMK dan SMA Di Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: Bahroni Isa , Purwanto Riyadi , Rahadi Nur Wahyu
Published: September 2019

E-learning or electronic learning is a concept of learning carried out through electronic media networks. The development of highly advanced technology in the modern era and globalization enables various activities to be carried out quickly and efficiently. The development of technology has a lot of influence on our way of life, one of which is in the field of education with the use of e-learning. One of the developments in the telecommunications sector that is growing rapidly is cellular phones. Java is the standard language for making Android applications. If you have never studied java, you will have difficulty learning android. PowerPoint applications that are part of Microsoft Office are tools that can be manipulated to design a learning application that is quite attractive. Grafting ispring and saktibuider tools on powerpoint then the process of making an android application does not need to think about coding which is quite boring especially for beginners. The learning model will be made easier if every subject teacher can make learning by summarizing the subject book being taught using the Android-based application model. The application can be accessed by students as handbooks that can be read at any time using an Android smartphone, of course this will facilitate students in learning, especially elementary, middle and high school students
Síndrome de Cushing exógeno e insuficiencia adrenal relacionada con consumo de producto natural
Authors: Zuluaga Quintero Mónica , Ramírez Alex , Palacio Andrés , Botero José Fernando , Clavijo Absalon
Published: September 2019

La insuficiencia adrenal es una endocrinopatía cuya principal causa se debe a la deficiencia en la producción de hormona adrenocorticotrópica, generalmente explicada por factores iatrogénicos y en menor número de casos al defecto primario de la glándula adrenal (enfermedad de Adisson). Su diagnóstico y la búsqueda de una etiología específica es muy importante, dado las implicaciones a largo plazo que conlleva por necesidad de suplencia hormonal, manejo en condiciones críticas, riesgo de muerte y compromiso de la actividad laboral. Presentamos el caso de una mujer quien consultó por ganancia excesiva de peso, signos de hipercortisolismo e hipertensión, se documentó una probable fuente exógena de esteroides, encontrando un cortisol sérico suprimido. Dos años antes estaba recibiendo artrivid PLUS, un producto natural para el manejo del dolor articular. Después de suspender ésta medicación presentó síntomas compatibles con insuficiencia adrenal, requiriendo el reinicio de prednisolona, con mejoría clínica y logrando su desmonte gradual posterior
SERVICIO DE HUMANISMO Y BIOÉTICA DE LA FUNDACIÓN SANTA FE DE BOGOTÁ,COLOMBIA:DOS AÑOS DE EXPERIENCIA
Authors: PRIETO MARTÍNEZ PAULA
Published: September 2019

Para dar continuidad a una serie de actividades encaminadas a promocionar el trato respetuoso y humano en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, se creó un Servicio de Humanismo y Bioética a partir de octubre de 2013. Este servicio busca dar respuesta a las inquietudes y dificultades que los profesionales de la salud enfrentan día a día en la atención de pacientes y familias en una institución de salud altamente tecnificada. Igualmente, complementa las actividades que se realizan en los diferentes comités institucionales, buscando estrategias que permitan construir una mejor relación entre los pacientes y los profesionales clínicos, facilitando así la toma de decisiones y la mediación en los conflictos que puedan presentarse a la cabecera del paciente. Se está trabajando inicialmente en un programa de educación y de asesoría en bioética clínica para fomentar el pensamiento bioético y para aprender a reconocer cuestiones éticas que complementen la práctica médica altamente tecnificada y redunden en una atención humana y respetuosa de los pacientes y sus familias.
Incidencia y características clínicas de pacientes trasplantados renales con infección y enfermedad por citomegalovirus en un centro de trasplante
Authors: Contreras Kateir , Vargas Brochero Maria José , Manrique Julián , Garcia Paola Karina , Rodriguez Patricia , González G Camilo Alberto
Published: September 2019

Introducción: la infección viral más importante postrasplante renal es la infección por citomegalovirus (CMV), hay discrepancia entre centros y países en datos de incidencia de infecciónenfermedad en esta población de pacientes.

Diseño: se realiza un estudio observacional analítico, tomando una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes mayores de 18 años, trasplantados renales de donante vivo o cadavérico entre el 2004 y 2015 con al menos seis meses de seguimiento.

Material y métodos: se realiza muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se toman los datos de las historias clínicas de los pacientes trasplantados renales, calculando la densidad de incidencia de infección-enfermedad por CMV y se describen las características clínicas y demográficas de los pacientes que presentaron estas patologías.

Resultados: se analizaron 252 pacientes, encontrando 92.4% receptores con riesgo intermedio para CMV y 7.5% con riesgo alto, ninguno fue de riesgo bajo. Se identificaron 19 casos, 13 con infección (5.1%) y seis con enfermedad (2.3%). El compromiso gastrointestinal fue el más frecuente. El tiempo promedio desde el momento del trasplante hasta la aparición de la infección-enfermedad fue de 417 (±479) y 650 días (±481), respectivamente. La tasa de infección fue de 10.08 casos por 1000 pacientes/año y la tasa de enfermedad de 5.88 por 1000 pacientes/año.

Conclusiones: la densidad de incidencia de infección-enfermedad por CMV en pacientes trasplantados renales fue de 10.08 casos y 5.88 casos por 1000 pacientes/año, respectivamente. Estas tasas son menores a las reportados en la literatura. Dada la baja frecuencia de eventos, no fue posible establecer factores de asociación.
Síndrome de Münchhausen
Authors: Aparicio-Turbay Soraya , Alvarado-Castro Camilo , Noguera-Alfonso Efraín
Published: September 2019

Introducción: síndrome de Münchhausen es un subtipo de trastorno facticio grave y crónico, que se caracteriza por la producción de mentiras patológicas (“pseudología fantástica”) y una conducta errante, de médico en médico, fingiendo una enfermedad física.

Objetivo: presentar el caso de un paciente con hipoglicemia refractaria secundaria al uso de insulina exógena en el contexto de un síndrome de Münchhausen.

Discusión: el paciente presentó una sumisión inusual a las hospitalizaciones y a las pruebas diagnósticas, las cuales confirmaron la administración exógena de insulina para desencadenar los síntomas. Los rasgos paranoides y la mitomanía observada se asocian a un estado larvado, crónico y delirante, propio de síndrome de Münchhausen.

Conclusión: el síndrome de Münchhausen es una condición psiquiátrica difícil de diagnosticar y que constituye un importante reto para el clínico, es poco reconocido, afecta la relación médicopaciente y presenta un alto costo para el sistema de salud debido al uso de innecesaria de baterías diagnósticas y procedimientos terapéuticos.
EPIZOOTOLOGIC MONITORING OF NATURAL-FOCAL INFECTIONS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA IN 2015
Authors: Vasilenko N. F. , Maletskaya O. V. , Manin E. A. , Prislegina D. A. , Dubyansky V. M. , Shaposhnikova L. I. , Volynkina A. S. , Lisitskaya Ya. V. , Kotenev E. S. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Analyze epizootologic manifestations of natural-focal infections (NFI) in the south of Russia in 2015. Materials and methods. Reports provided by administrations of Federal Service of Surveillance for Protection of Consumers Rights and Human Welfare, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Research Institutes for Plague Control and Station for Plague Control were used. Data processing was carried out using Excel program. Results. A total of 37 738 samples of field material were studied, most of those - for tularemia (8268), Crimea hemorrhagic fever (6894) and West Nile fever (4875). Causative agents of 15 nosologic forms of NFI were detected during epizootologic examination of the territory of south of Russia, predominating amount of positive samples was obtained during study of material for tick-borne borreliosis (612), Crimea hemorrhagic fever (279) and tularemia (237). Conclusion. Analysis of epizootologic situation on natural-focal infections in the south of Russia gives evidence on the increase of activity of natural foci of bacterial (tularemia, tick-borne borreliosis), rickettsia (tick-borne spotted fevers) and viral infections (Crimea hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, tick-borne viral encephalitis), and thus problems of prophylaxis of natural-focal infectious diseases and constant monitoring of natural foci in subjects of Southern, North-Caucasian and Crimea federal districts are of particular importance.
IDENTIFICATION OF LEPTOSPIRA SEROVARS BY MALDI-TOF MASS-SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Zyeva E. V. , Stoyanova N. A. , Tokarevich N. K. , Totolyan A. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. An attempt to use MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry method for identification of leptospiral isolates on the serovar level. Materials and methods. 8 reference Leptospira spp. and 11 leptospira strains isolated from leptospiral patients and infected animals in the North-VNfestem region of Russia were included into the study. Mass-spectra of all the studied strains were obtained by direct profiling of cell extracts. The created main spectral profiles (MSP) of reference strains were used for identification of isolates. Evaluation of identification was carried out by calculating coefficients of matching rate of separate spectra of each isolate with MSP of all the reference strains. Results. Results of identification have shown the similarity of spectra of isolates belonging to Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola serogroups, with MSP of saprophyte strain L. biflexa Patoc I. It is assumed that spectra of the studied strains contained peaks of polysaccharide O-antigens. Wherein maximum mean values of matching rate coefficients between spectra of isolates and MSP of pathogenic reference strains of leptospira correctly matched serovar type of the isolate. Conclusion. Further extended studies may form the base of development of a simple and rapid method of typing of leptospirosis causative agents on the level of serovars using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry.
ASSESSMENT OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMUNIZATION IN DIFFERENT GROUPS OF POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Briko N. I. , Mindlina A. Ya. , Polibin R. V. , Galina N. P. , Gorokhova A. S. , Ushanova A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The study the attitude of population towards the necessity of vaccination. Materials and methods. The survey about the attitude towards vaccination among different groups of population was held. In total there were 1209 respondents: 1031 students of medical, humanitarian and technical universities and 178 parents of children under 2. Results. The most positive attitude towards vaccination was shown by medical students (77%) and parents (71%) and only 33% and 37% of humanitarian and technical students correspondency realize the significance of vaccination. It is worth noting that large number of people could not define their attitude to vaccination. The majority of respondents notices the lack of knowledge about vaccination wherein less than 50% of respondents get the information from doctors. The rest gets it from different sources mostly from the Internet. About 80% of respondents would prefer to get answers to their questions about vaccination in the Internet. Conclusion. The adherence of population of Russia to vaccination has a rather low level. The main reason for it is the lack ofknowledge and availability of true information about vaccination. It is necessary to use diverse sources of information to provide the population with true facts about vaccination, its significance and safety via mass media and the Internet as well.
STUDY OF IMMUNOGENICITY OF A PROTOTYPE VACCINE AGAINST HEPATITIS E
Authors: Gulyaev S. L. , Lyashenko A. A. , Chumakov A. M. , Sorokin A. A. , Gordeichuk I. V. , Potemkin I. A. , Isaeva O. V. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Mikhaylov M. I.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Evaluate specific immunogenic activity of a prototype vaccine against hepatitis E (HE). Materials and methods. Non-linear mice, male (n=170), were immunized once intraperitoneally by a prototype vaccine against HE at 5,10 and 20 pg per animal. Anti-HEV IgG were determined by ELISA using species-specific conjugate at days 7,14,21 and 28 after immunization. Experimental samples of the vaccine preparation containing 20 pg of the antigen and compositions of adjuvants based on aluminium hydroxide and immune modulators polyoxidonium and glutoxim were administered to 250 mice split into 25 groups (10 animals per group) to optimize vaccine immuno-genicity. Anti-HEV were determined in mice sera samples at day 28 after the immunization, and mean immunization dose (Ш50) for each composition of the vaccine preparation was calculated. Results. Increase of immunogenicity for the same standard antigen dose (20 pg) for glutoxim adjuvant at 10 mg/ml in aluminium hydroxide solution (0,5 mg/ml) was 51.4%. A non-significant increase of immunogenicity was also observed for vaccine composition with polyoxidonium (1.0 mg/ml), however, it was statistically non-significant when compared with standard adjuvant (aluminium hydroxide at 0,5 mg/ml). Conclusion. The data obtained give evidence regarding high immunogenicity of the vaccine preparation against hepatitis E. Use of glutoxim immune modulator in the composition of the experimental vaccine against hepatitis E ensures highest immunogenicity.
MEANS FOR INHIBITION OF PRODUCTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENTEROTOXINS AND THEIR ELIMINATION FROM BIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATES
Authors: Fluer F. S. , Kudryavtseva A. V. , Titarev S. I. , Bykova I. B.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Expansion of arsenal of means capable of inhibiting production of staphylococci entero-toxins (SE) and having an ability to eliminate them from biological substrates, as well as reducing the growth of staphylococci. Materials and methods. Reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus FRI 722 was used as SE producer type A (SEA), S. aureus S6 715H - as SE type В producer (SEB). Polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate (PMSPH) was used at concentrations of 1.82, 9.09 and 18.2%. Results. By using gel double diffusion method and ELISA we have established that a 18.2% solution of PMSPH (enterosgel; PMSPH - 70 g, purified water - 30 g per 100 g of the product) is an optimal concentration for inhibition of production of staphylococcus enterotoxin type A by 100 and more times, and production of staphylococci enterotoxin type В - by more than 300 times. Conclusion. PMSPH is able to eliminate staphylococci enterotoxins type A and В from biological substrates for more than 50% and significantly reduce growth of staphylococci.
DOT-IMMUNOASSAY USING GOLD NANOPARTICLE MARKED COLLOID GOLD FOR THE DETECTION OF BOTULINIC TOXIN IN CLINICAL MATERIAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: Zagoskina T. Yu. , Chaporgina E. L. , Markov E. Yu. , Popova Yu. O. , Dolgova T. M. , Gavrilova O. V. , Taikova T. S. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Construction of test-systems for dot-immunoassay using colloid gold nanoparticles as a marker of specific antibodies for the detection of botulinic toxin in clinical material and food products. Materials and methods. 20 nm gold nanoparticles were used as a marker of specific antibodies. IgGs were isolated from polyvalent diagnostic sera against type А, В, С, E, F botulin toxins produced by SPC Allergen (Stavropol) with 5000 - 10 000 ME activity. Botulin toxin in clinical material (blood sera) from 3 patients with established botulism clinical diagnosis as well as food product (home-made mushroom soup solyanka) was determined by dot immunoassay on nitrocellulose membrane. Results. Botulin toxin was detected in all the studied samples (blood sera from 3 patients and the soup) that was registered in the patient No. 1 at the 1:2112 dilution of fhe studied sample, in patient No. 2 - 1:32, in patients No. 3 - 1:1056, in the food product - 1:8. Botulin toxin was not detected in the negative control (pure cultures of the dysentery cauzative agents and intestine yersinosis, blood sera of the patient with All and a healthy individual as well as canned beans in tomato sauce and canned green peas). Conclusion. A highly sensitive specific test-system was developed for dot-immunoassay based on the commercial anti-botulin antibodies labelled with colloid gold particles that allows to detect botulin toxins within 2 hours in the sample volume of 1 - 2 microlites .
STATE OF ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE
Authors: Anganova E. V. , Vetokhina A. V. , Raspopina L. A. , Kichigina E. L. , Savilov E. D.
Published: September 2019

Klebsiella pneumoniae microorganisms belong to a group of the most prevalent clinically significant pathogens with a high level of antibacterial resistance (ESKAPE). The speed of formation of antibiotics-resistance by K. pneumoniae strains has sharply increased and reached pandemic scale. One of the main clinically significant mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance is (3-lactamase production, the groups being active depending on the region, country' and hospital. Currently, a significant part of nosocomial K. pneumoniae is resistant to penicillins, 11I-IV generation cephalosporins. The growth of resistance of klebsiellae to carbapenems is a serious threat to the healthcare system. First ofall, KPC-, OXA-, NDM-, VIM-, IMP-producing Widespread of carbapenem-resistant klebsiellae gives evidence on the necessity of international collaboration within the framework of antibiotics resistance control. An increase of frequency of obtained resistance of K. pneumoniae to non-(3-lactame antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides) is noted. Isolates of K. pneumoniae resistant to tygecyclin, colistin are registered. In general, the problem of antibiotics resistance of causative agents of human diseases including K. pneumoniae continues to intensify. This is a serious threat to world public health that requires action in all sectors of the state.
EPIDEMIC ANALYSIS ON CHOLERA IN AFRICA AND PROBLEMS OF PROFILAXIS
Authors: Karnaukhov I. G. , Cheldyshova N. B. , Grazhdanov A. K. , Krizky A. A. , Zadnova S. P. , Kedrova O. V. , Ivanova A. V. , Toporkov V. P. , Smirnova N. I. , Boiro A. .. , Boumbali S. .. , Boiro M. Y. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Presently Africa is one of the most affected regions of the world as regards cholera. More than 55 000 people are infected every year. The review contains the data on comparative assessment of epidemic manifestations associated with the current pandemic, caused by Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor, and the preceding six pandemics, the agent of which was cholera vibrios of classical biovar. Studied have been the factors of large-scale cholera dissemination in Africa in the modern period and problems of its prophylaxis.
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF BIFIDOFLORA OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN ASSOCIATIVE SYMBIOSIS OF HUMAN
Authors: Bukharin O. V. , Ivanova E. V. , Perunova N. B. , Nikiforov I. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Aim of the research is the identification of functional groups of human gut bifidoflora based on analysis of the spectrum of metabolites features, proteome, bioprofile, immunoregulatory properties and the ability to differentiate «self/non-self» among the associative microbiota. Materials and methods. The materials are 260 strains ofbifidobacteria isolated from 122 intestinal microsymbiocenoses. Experimental studies were carried out using bacteriological, chromatographic and immunological methods. Statistical processing of material is carried out by means of the package Statistica 10.0 using of k-cluster analysis and discriminant method. Results. As a result ofthe work, 3 clusters containing strains of various types of bifidobacteria were identified. The first cluster was represented by B. bifidum and was characterized by the antipeptide activity of the strains with respect to FNO-a and INF-y, IL-10. In the second cluster of the B. longum culture predominated, where the parameters of the backbone factor of microsymbiocenosis, the ability to microbial recognition, antagonistic activity and production of acetic acid were significant. In the third cluster the species composition of bifidobacteria was diverse and products of butyric, caproic acids and their isoforms were the informative tests. Conclusion. The key function of bifido-flora in the regulation of the homeostasis of the intestinal biotope is realized by the formation of functional clusters, among which the first group participates in the formation of the cytokine balance, the second group is responsible for the discrimination of associative microbiota and direct protection of the biotope from pathogens, and the third is necessary to maintain the barrier metabolic function of enterocytes in the human large intestine.
ALGORITHM FOR LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA
Authors: Sukhina M. A. , Obraztsov I. V. , Mikhalevskaya V. I. , Achkasov S. I. , Safin A. L. , Shelygin Yu. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To develop an optimal algorithm for laboratory diagnosis of C. difficile associated diarrhea in context of obtaining the most reliable analysis results. Materials and methods. 211 patients with clinically significant C. difficile associated diarrhea participated in the study. Luminal faeces were analysed by immunological (immune chromatographic assay, ICA; ELISA) bacteriological and molecular (GENEexpert rtPCR system, Cepheid, USA) methods. Results. We isolated 126 C. difficile strains from 211 samples of luminal faeces. We identified glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in 54% of cases (n=68) by means of immune ICA, and in 11.1% of cases (n=14) by means of ELISA. The increase of bacterial concentration is associated with the growth of sensitivity of GDH detection by immunological tests (p
THE ROLE OF PROTEINS OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEROTYPE-INDEPENDENT PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES
Authors: Petukhova E. S. , Vorobyev D. S. , Semenova I. B.
Published: September 2019

Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are relevant for Russia and the world. One of the key factors in the pathogenicity of pneumococcus is a polysaccharide capsule. The structure of polysaccharide antigens is described more than 90 serotypes of the pathogen. The experience of using polysaccharide and conjugated pneumococcal vaccines shows that these preventive drugs protect against a limited number of serotypes of the pneumococcus. It is of interest to study the protective properties of pneumococcal proteins, as they are conservative and have high homology within the species, potentially expanding serotype non-specific protection level. Thus, the efforts of researchers focus on the development of protein vaccines or conjugated vaccines based on proteins of S. pneumoniae. The review considers the biological properties of the most well-known proteins of pneumococcus and provides data on preclinical studies of the obtained recombinant proteins as experimental vaccine preparations. Immunization with various proteins of S. pneumoniae provides protection of animals from nasopharyngeal colonization, pneumonia and sepsis. Currently, clinical trials (I/II phases) are being tested with several experimental protein vaccines. In the near future it will be possible to assess the real effectiveness of such vaccines.
RESULTS OF DETERMINING THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF VAGINAL LACTOBACILLI USING REAL-TIME PCR TESTING AND BACTERIOLOGICAL METHOD
Authors: Voroshilina E. S. , Zornikov D. L. , Boronina L. G.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To compare the species composition of lactobacilli in women of reproductive age using real time PCR on urogenital samples before and after culturing microorganisms in Blood-Serum-Y^ast extract-Agar (BSYA). Materials and methods. Using real time PCR, we have examined the species composition of vaginal lactobacilli in 25 healthy women of reproductive age. Samples of urogenital swabs (endocervical and vaginal swabs) were studied. Species identification has been carried out twice: in the native clinical material and in the samples received after using microorganism culture technique in BSYA. Results. After culturing vaginal microorganisms in BSYA, L. iners predominance was found only in 2 cases (8%). At the same time, when using native clinical material this species predominance was discovered in 10 samples (40%). Conclusion. When culturing lactobacilli in BSYA, the growth of L. iners is stunted compared to other species of vaginal lactobacilli. The use of cultural testing turned out to be ineffective in case of predominance of L. iners, the species associated with an increased risk of vaginal dysbiosis.
SEASONAL FEATURES OF THE MICROBIAL LANDSCAPE OF PALATINE TONSILS IN HEALTHY STUDENTS
Authors: Savlevich E. L. , Ivanova M. A. , Mokronosova M. A. , Gorbunov S. A. , Yakushenkova A. P.
Published: September 2019

Aim.To find out microbial landscape characteristics of the palatine tonsils in healthy students, depending on the season. Materials and methods. It were examined 40 students without any oropharyngeal pathology aged 17-30 (23 ± 3.5). There were no signs of chronic tonsillitis at pha-ryngoscopy, no signs of acute respiratory infection; they did not take antibiotics for one last month prior to the study and had no tonsilitis for the last 5 years. Examination was made three times, once in a season: autumn from October 16 till November 2; winter from January 27 till March 6 ; spring from April 2 till April 19. Results. The normal microlandscape in healthy individuals aged 17-30 years permanently had Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans, Neisseria, Micrococcus, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Presence of S. pyogenes andP. aeruginosa in the structure of microlandscape of the palatine tonsils did not cause any clinical symptoms in their carriers. We also revealed a seasonal dynamics expressed by the frequency of the increase of conditionally pathogenic flora on palatine tonsils in spring and the decrease in all microorganisms growth in winter.
CULTIVATION OF BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS BIOFILMS ON ABIOTIC SUBSTRATE
Authors: Zaytsev E. M. , Britsina M. V. , Ozeretskovskaya M. N. , Mertsalova N. U. , Bazhanova I. G.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Selection of optimal conditions for the cultivation of Bordetella pertussis biofilms and comparative assessment of the ability of different strains to form biofilms. Materials and methods. Used a vaccine strain of B. pertussis № 475 and selected from this strain strain № 475а, characterized by high virulence. Cultures of strains grown on dense nutrient medium (DNM) and liquid nutrient medium (LNM) were used as inoculates for biofilms production. The intensity of biofilms formation in round-bottom 96-well polystyrene plates was estimated by staining with 0,1% gentian-violet solution. Results. Daily cultures of the strain № 475 with LNM formed moderate biofilms in the range of doses 5 — 1,25 IOU (international optical units) /ml, in the absence of growth at lower doses. The daily cultures of this strain with the DNM formed a dense biofilms when planting a doses in the range from 10 to 1,25 IOU/ml, moderate from 0,625 to 0,157 IOU/ml and weak biofilms at a dose of 0,079 IOU/ml. Strain № 475а with the DNM formed dense biofilms in the doses range of 10 to 0,04 IOU/ml and only at the dose of 0,02 IOU/ml were formed moderate biofilms. Conclusion. A simple and informative method has been developed to evaluate the ability of B. pertussis strains to form biofilms in polystyrene plates. Cultures obtained with the DNM formed a more significant biofilms than cultures with LNM. Identified high ability to biofilms formation by a selected strain №. 475a, compared to the original strain № 475.
ANTIVIRAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE COMPOSITION OF COMPOUNDS BASED ON ECHINOCHROME A
Authors: Krylova N. V. , Fedoreev S. A. , Lavrov V. F. , Mischenko N. P. , Vasileva E. A. , Svitich O. A. , Ebralidze L. K. , Еunihina O. V. , Leonova G. N.
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to examine in vitro the antioxidant and antiviral activity of echinochrome A and echinochrome-based antioxidant composition against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Materials and methods. TBEV (Dal’negorsk strain, Far Eastern subtype) grown in PK cells, and HSV-1 (VR3 strain) in Vero cells. The antioxidant activity of the compounds was determined using the linetol peroxide oxidation model. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of the compounds were assessed by cell viability (PK- and Vero cells) and by cytopathic effect inhibition of viruses (TBEV and HSV-1) using the MTT test. Results. The antioxidant composition, which is a mixture of echinochrome A, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (5: 5: 1), showed a higher antioxidant and antiviral efficacy than echinochrome A. The antiviral mechanisms on of echinochrome A and antioxidant composition are caused by direct inactivation of TBEV and HSV-1 viruses and inhibition of virus penetration into cells. Conclusion. The results obtained allow considering the echinochrome A and the composition of antioxidants on its basis as the promising agents of a broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
BALAYAN PARADOX
Authors: Mikhailov M. I. , Malinnikova E. Yu. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Potemkin I. A. , Alsalikh N. D. , Isaeva O. V. , Karlsen A. A. , Kichatova V. S. , Polyakov A. D.
Published: September 2019

This article presents the results of a study of the epidemiology of hepatitis E in the Russian Federation. Obtained data explaining the phenomenon, known as the Balayan paradox — the wide distribution of anamnestic antibodies to the hepatitis E virus in the absence of a registered incidence. It was shown that imported cases of infection are not able to support the epidemiological process of hepatitis E in Russia. The most cases of HEV infection are autochthonous in nature and are associated with zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 virus from pigs.
Study of the biological properties of attenuated variants of the virulent A/WSN/33 strain of influenza virus, obtained by the site-specific mutagenesis of PB2-gene
Authors: Kost V. Yu. , Rtischev A. A. , Mintaev R. R. , Akopova I. I. , Lisovskaya K. V. , Markushin S. G.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of biological properties of attenuated  variants of the virulent A/WSN/33 strain of influenza virus, obtained by the site-specific mutagenesis of PB2-gene. Materials and methods. Site-specific mutants of A/WSN/33 of influenza virus, having in PB2-gene ts-mutations from genome of cold-adapted (CA) master-strains: A/Ann  Arbor/6/60 (H2N2); A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2); A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2) were obtained  with help of reverse genetics methods.  The ts-phenotype, att-phenotype, immunogenicity and protective efficacy in homologous and heterologous control infections were studied in the obtained site-specific mutants. Results. It was shown that the inclusion in the PB2-gene of the virulent A/WSN/33 strain as single mutations and a combination of mutations from the genomes of CA donor-strains leads to a change in the ts-phenotype and att-phenotype of the mutants obtained. These mutants had high protective efficacy in homologous and heterologous control infection. Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to consider the site-specific mutants of influenza virus as possible candidates for live influenza vaccines.
Biohazard caused by viable but nonculturable microorganisms
Authors: Pakhomov Yu. D. , Blinkova L. P.
Published: September 2019

In this review we discuss current notions about viable but nonculturable microorganisms — new subject of microbiological research. Information about factors and conditions of formation of nonculturable cells and their resuscitation is analyzed. Of particular interest is information of biohazard of nonculturable cells that are hard to isolate by traditional means from organisms, the environment, foodstuffs etc. Knowledge about this is valuable for detection live microbes from clinical samples, levels of viable but nonculturable cells in vaccine and probiotic preparations, culture collections.
Akkermansia muciniphila is a new universal probiotic on the basis of live human commensal gut bacteria: the reality or legend?
Authors: Shenderov B. A. , Yudin S. M. , Zagaynova A. V. , Shevyreva M. P.
Published: September 2019

Contemporary information on biology of Akkermansia muciniphila and the role of these gut mucolytic anaerobic bacteria in physiological functions, metabolic and signaling reactions in human health and diseases are presented in the review. Established by foreign researchers, favorable and negative effects are associated with the presence in these gram-negative bacteria specific surface membrane proteins, the production of certain short-chain fatty acids and endotoxin, as well as with the ability degrading mucin, changing intestinal barrier function and synthesizing some neurotransmitters. Prospects and difficulties of creation of new microbial nutraceuticals and drugs on the basis of living cells of A. muciniphila or their specific low-molecular components and metabolites are considered.
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Strategi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Melalui Olahraga Permainan Kecil
Authors: Kurniawan Ade , Hayudi Hayudi
Published: September 2019

Masalah yang ditemui peneliti adalah kurang aktifnya mahasiswa dalam kegiatan perkuliahan pada mata kuliah startegi pembelajaran penjas, hal itu disebabkan kurangnya sumber belajar yang digunakan di kelas dan belum adanya buku ajar  yang sesuai dengan materi perkuliahan. Dalam hal ini peneliti bertujuan ingin mengembangkan buku ajar strategi pembelajaran Pendidikan jasmnai yang sesuai dengan peserta didik, dan sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani, penelitian ini membahas tentang pengembangan buku ajar strategi pembelajaran penjas melalui olahraga permainan kecil. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini menggunakan metode pengembangan (R&D). Pengembangan buku ajar menggunakan model 4D dari Thiagarajan (1947) yang model pengembangan ini terdiri atas empat tahap pengembangan yaitu define, design, develop, dan dessiminate atau diadaptasi menjadi model 4-P, yaitu Pendefinisian, Perancangan, Pengembangan dan Penyebaran. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap kualitas belajar mahasiswa dan praktek mengajar yang dilakukan mahasiswa saat turun ke sekolah. Buku ajar tersebut dirancang dan dikembangkan melalui olahraga permainan kecil, buku ajar ini telah melalui tahap validasi dari beberapa ahli yang telah ditentukan dan telah dilakukan uji coba terbatas. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan pengembangan buku ajar strategi pembelajaran Pendidikan jasmani melalui olahraga permianan kecil  yang meliputi tahap defenisi dengan hasil dalam bentuk pemetaan pembelajaran dan kebutuhan mahaisswa.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Gerak Meroda Dalam Senam Lantai Melalui Media Bola Gymnastic Pada Siswa Kelas VIII MTs Roudlotul Mutta’allimin
Authors: Murtaqi Ahmad , Mubin Dadang , Setiawan Wawan
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengupayakan peningkatan gerak meroda dalam senam lantai melalui media bola gymnastic  pada siswa kelas VIII. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan subjek 24 siswa kelas VIII. Adapun desain penelitian ini menggunakan sistem siklus yang berisikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen penilaian yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu rubrik penilaian gerak meroda (aspek psikomotorik), lembar pengamatan PTK (aspek afektif) dan lembar aspek kognitif. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini dihitung dengan rumus untuk memperoleh hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini data awal diperoleh 7 siswa tuntas belajar dan 17 siswa tidak tuntas belajar. Pada perlakuan siklus pertama tahap perlakuan tindakan, siswa diberikan media bantu bola gymnastic sebagai alat pembelajaran meroda dan hasil belajar rata – rata dari subjek 24 siswa diperoleh hasil belajar sebanyak 74,8%. Hasil itu diperoleh dari akumulasi ketiga aspek: psikomotor, afektif dan kognitif. Pada perlakuan siklus kedua rata – rata dari subjek 24 siswa diperoleh hasil belajar sebanyak 80,1%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada penelitian tahap siklus kedua ada peningkatan hasil belajar dari subjek 24 siswa sebanyak 5,3%.