bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multipoint Left Ventricular Pacing as Alternative Approach in Cases of Biventricular Pacing Failure
Authors: Antoniou Christos-Konstantinos , Chrysohoou Christina , Manolakou Panagiota , Tsiachris Dimitrios , Kordalis Athanasios , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Gatzoulis Konstantinos A.
Published: February 2025

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a cornerstone in the treatment of dyssynchronous heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, the phenomenon of non-response has plagued CRT since its initial application. Notwithstanding issues such as failure to capture the left ventricle, lower-than-required pacing delivery percent, and failure to optimize atrioventricular and interventricular delays, there are patients who fail to exhibit an adequate response to CRT in its classical biventricular pacing (BiVP) form. Several modalities have been proposed as a means to remedy this issue, including pacing the conduction system itself—His or left bundle branch pacing, allowing for intrinsic conduction in some myocardial segments, pacing the left ventricle from multiple points in the coronary sinus (multipoint pacing), or even combining the above (e.g., His/left bundle pacing and BiVP leading to His/left bundle-optimized CRT). In the present review, we present recent evidence for the advantages and disadvantages of each modality and attempt to formulate a pathophysiology and simulation-based strategy to determine the best way forward for delivering CRT in non-responders to BiVP.
Nitinol Prosthesis in Stapes Surgery: Evolution from Heat-Activated to Superelastic Nitinol: A Systematic Review
Authors: Achena Andrea , Pacelli Ludovica , Prizio Carmine , Mantini Gabriella , Placentino Angelo , Accorona Remo , Valenzise Valerio , Pilolli Francesco , Ormellese Giorgio Luigi , Mevio Niccolò , Dragonetti Alberto
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Stapes surgery is a well-established treatment for conductive hearing loss caused by otosclerosis, with the choice of prosthesis playing a pivotal role in audiological outcomes and safety. Heat-activated and superelastic nitinol prostheses are widely used, but their comparative effectiveness and complication profiles remain debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the audiological outcomes, complication rates, and overall performance of these two prosthesis types. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Seven studies involving 273 patients were included. Data on mean air–bone gap (ABG) reduction, complication rates, and follow-up outcomes were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model, and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for comparative analysis. Results: The pooled mean ABG reduction was 20.2 dB (95% CI: 19.47–20.95), indicating substantial and comparable improvements in hearing for both prosthesis types. Heat-activated prostheses achieved slightly higher ABG reduction in individual studies, while superelastic prostheses offered advantages in procedural simplicity. Complication rates were 6.0% for heat-activated and 5.6% for superelastic prostheses. The most common complications included sensorineural hearing loss (2.0–2.4%) and incus-related issues such as necrosis and lateralization. Conclusions: Both prosthesis types provide comparable audiological outcomes and surgical success rates. However, the slightly lower complication rate observed with superelastic prostheses emphasizes their safety and predictability. The choice of prosthesis should be guided by patient anatomy, surgeon expertise, and procedural considerations. Future studies should prioritize long-term outcomes and standardized reporting to further refine prosthesis selection.
Suture-Mediated Delivery System Reduces the Incidence of Uterine Scarring Through the TGF-β Pathway
Authors: Bai He , Zhang Wei , Yan Xuanxuan , Qiu Lin , Cui Pengfei , Chen Weiyang
Published: February 2025

In recent years, factors such as the postponement of childbearing and the relaxation of the childbearing policy have led to an increase in the proportion of cesarean sections and other intrauterine surgeries among pregnant women, further increasing the incidence of uterine scars. Currently, there is a lack of effective clinical treatment methods for uterine scars. In this study, a suture loaded with gene medicine was designed for the repair of uterine scars. Specifically, the non-viral vector Lipo8000 was first used to form a complex solution with the plasmid TGF-β3. Then, it was mixed and adsorbed with the surgical sutures pretreated with recombinant human type III collagen (RhCol III). In vitro experiments confirmed that RhCol III and the plasmid were successfully loaded onto the sutures and could be released and expressed. In vivo experiments were carried out using a rat model simulating uterine scars. The section results showed that compared with the scar model group, the expression level of TGF-β3 in the RhCol III+TGF-β3 group increased by 39%, the expression level of TGF-β1 decreased by 62.8%, and the fibrosis rate decreased by 16.8%, which has a positive effect on the prevention of uterine scars. This study integrates the therapeutic medicine into the sutures, ensuring that the medicine can come into contact with the wound site after suturing. Moreover, RhCol III and the gene medicine work synergistically to promote the repair of uterine wounds.
Time-Domain Simulation of Coupled Motions for Five Fishing Vessels Moored Side-by-Side in a Harbor
Authors: Men Xuran , He Jinlong , Jiao Bo , Zhu Guibing , Lin Haihua , Sun Hongyuan
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development and accelerated utilization of marine resources, multi-body floating systems have become extensively used in practical applications. This study examines the coupled motions of a side-by-side anchoring system for five fishing vessels in a harbor using ANSYS-AQWA. The system is connected by hawsers and equipped with fenders to reduce collisions between the vessels. It is designed to operate in the sheltered wind-wave combined environment within Ningbo Zhoushan Port, China. Considering the diverse types and quantities of fishing vessels in the anchorage area, this paper proposes a mixed arrangement of three large-scale fishing vessels in the middle and two small-scale vessels on both sides. The time-domain analysis is performed on this system under the combined effects of wind and waves, calculating the motion responses of the five fishing vessels along with the mechanical loads at the hawsers, fenders, and moorings. The results indicate that the maximum loads on these mechanical components remain well within the safe working limits, ensuring reliable operation. In addition, the impact of varying wind-wave angles on the coupled motions of the fishing vessel system are studied. As the wind-wave angle increases, the surge motion of the fishing vessels gradually decreases, while the sway motion intensifies. The forces on the hawsers, fenders, and mooring system exhibit distinct characteristics at different angles.
Artificial Fish Reef Site Evaluation Based on Multi-Source High-Resolution Acoustic Images
Authors: Wang Fangqi , Feng Yikai , Liu Senbo , Chen Yilan , Ding Jisheng
Published: February 2025

Marine geophysical and geological investigations are crucial for evaluating the construction suitability of artificial fish reefs (AFRs). Key factors such as seabed topography, geomorphology, sub-bottom structure, and sediment type significantly influence AFR design and site selection. Challenges such as material sinking, sediment instability, and scouring effects should be critically considered and addressed in the construction of AFR, particularly in areas with soft mud or dynamic environments. In this study, detailed investigations were conducted approximately seven months after the deployment of reef materials in the AFR experimental zones around Xiaoguan Island, located in the western South Yellow Sea, China. Based on morphological factors, using data from multibeam echosounders and side-scan sonar, the study area was divided into three geomorphic zones, namely, the tidal flat (TF), underwater erosion-accumulation slope (UEABS), and inclined erosion-accumulation shelf plain (IEASP) zones. The focus of this study was on the UEABS and IEASP experimental zones, where reef materials (concrete or stone blocks) were deployed seven months earlier. The comprehensive interpretation results of multi-source high-resolution acoustic images showed that the average settlement of individual reefs in the UEABS experimental zone was 0.49 m, and their surrounding seabed experienced little to no scouring. This suggested the formation of an effective range and height, making the zone suitable for AFR construction. However, in the IEASP experimental zone, the seabed sediment consisted of soft mud, causing the reef materials to sink into the seabed after deployment, preventing the formation of an effective range and height, and rendering the area unsuitable for AFR construction. These findings provided valuable scientific guidance for AFR construction in the study area and other similar coastal regions.
Hydrodynamics Model Identification and Model-Based Control Application of a New Type of AUV
Authors: Lin Lunyang , Chen Yuxiang , Xiong Hong , Yu Chunliang , Zhu Hong , Xing Yiyang , Zheng Guodong
Published: February 2025

The hydrodynamic coefficients of underwater robots can be used to evaluate their maneuverability and motion stability and to design motion controllers, thereby reducing experimental time and costs. In this paper, an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) with a negative-lift profile is designed. The spatially constrained motion method, combined with neural networks, is utilized to identify all the hydrodynamic coefficients in the standard hydrodynamic equations of the AUV. Subsequently, based on the goodness-of-fit, the significance of the hydrodynamic coefficients is evaluated to yield a simplified hydrodynamic equation. Given the cost constraints, it was not feasible to obtain precise experimental data on hydrodynamic coefficients to validate the accuracy of the CFD calculation method. Therefore, the hydrodynamic coefficients were used to construct a dynamic model for the AUV, and an MPC controller was designed based on this model. Finally, simulations and pool tests were conducted on the AUV, and a comparative analysis of the simulation results with the pool test results revealed that although there were certain errors in the calculation of the hydrodynamic coefficients, the controller constructed within this margin of error was still capable of effectively controlling the AUV. This fully demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of using CFD methods to calculate hydrodynamic coefficients and establishing model predictive control methods based on these coefficients in practical applications.
Thresholding Dolphin Whistles Based on Signal Correlation and Impulsive Noise Features Under Stationary Wavelet Transform
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Wu Ru , Chen Wen , Dai Meiling , Zhu Peibin , Xu Xiaomei
Published: February 2025

The time–frequency characteristics of dolphin whistle signals under diverse ecological conditions and during environmental changes are key research topics that focus on the adaptive and response mechanisms of dolphins to the marine environment. To enhance the quality and utilization of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) recorded dolphin whistles, the challenges faced by current wavelet thresholding methods in achieving precise threshold denoising under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are confronted. This paper presents a thresholding denoising method based on stationary wavelet transform (SWT), utilizing suppression impulsive and autocorrelation function (SI-ACF) to select precise thresholds. This method introduces a denoising metric ρ, based on the correlation of whistle signals, which facilitates precise threshold estimation under low SNR without requiring prior information. Additionally, it exploits the high amplitude and broadband characteristics of impulsive noise, and utilizes the multi-resolution information of the wavelet domain to remove impulsive noise through a multi-level sliding window approach. The SI-ACF method was validated using both simulated and real whistle datasets. Simulated signals were employed to evaluate the method’s denoising performance under three types of typical underwater noise. Real whistles were used to confirm its applicability in real scenarios. The test results show the SI-ACF method effectively eliminates noise, improves whistle signal spectrogram visualization, and enhances the accuracy of automated whistle detection, highlighting its potential for whistle signal preprocessing under low SNR.
Gastrointestinal Parasites in Reptiles from a Portuguese Zoo
Authors: Dantas David , Batista Cláudia Luís , Castro Maria João , Alvura Nuno , Mateus Teresa Letra
Published: February 2025

The growing popularity of reptiles has contributed to their reproduction in captivity. When subjected to stressful environments, such as the presence of a higher number of humans and animals, reptiles may become more susceptible to parasites. Endoparasites in captive animals may cause several clinical signs ranging from mild to severe: lethargy, anorexia, diarrhea, cloacal/penile prolapse, infertility, intestinal malabsorption syndrome, and weight loss, among others. This study aimed to assess the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples of reptiles from a Portuguese zoo through two techniques: a fecal flotation test (using a saturated sodium chloride solution) and Mini-FLOTAC. Ninety-nine samples belonging to 22 different animal species were collected and analyzed. Parasites were identified in 53.5% of the samples. Chelonians had a higher frequency (100%), followed by lizards (56.8%) and snakes (47.4%). The eggs/oocysts found were oxyurids (36.4%), strongylids/Kalicephalus sp. (8.1%), Eimeria sp. (5.1%), Hymenolepis spp. (5.1%), ascarids (4.0%), and Isospora sp. (2.0%). Both techniques presented the same results for each sample. The high prevalence of oxyurids, as well as of other parasites, can be explained by possible environmental contamination as these reptiles are kept in captivity. This study indicated the importance of assessing parasitic infections in reptiles in zoos, where routine coprological examinations should always be considered, as well as adequate prophylaxis.
Evaluating the Progress of Tourism in a Less-Developed Area of China: A Tourism Development Index Approach Based on Night-Time Light and POI Data
Authors: Liu Xuan , Zhou Guohui , Wang Hanlin , Wen Ergang
Published: February 2025

Understanding the status and progress of tourism is a critical step for formulating sustainable tourism strategies. A traditional statistical data-based evaluation of tourism development is costly and time-consuming. Recently, remote sensing data and geospatial big data allow the rapid and convenient observation of socioeconomic development and provide opportunities for the cheap and updated analysis of tourism development. This study develops a tourism development index to quickly catch the development status of tourism in one city with open-access night-time lighting (NTL) data and point-of-interest (POI) data. The index is applied to evaluate the tourism development in Yunnan Province, a less-developed region in China, and compared with the traditional statistical data-based evaluation. The results show the following: (1) The index constructed with open-access data offers a cheap and fast way to evaluate the status of tourism development and could obtain a result similar to the traditional statistical data-based method. (2) Tourism development in Yunnan Province is uneven, with two tourism centers significantly surpassing the others: Kunming and Lijiang–Dali. (3) An increasing polarization has characterized the progress of tourism among cities in Yunnan Province over the years. This study is an attempt to rapidly evaluate tourism development using only open-access data, which could play a positive role in saving public management costs in less-developed areas.
An Evaluation of Morphometric Characteristics of Honey Bee (Apis cerana) Populations in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China
Authors: Zhang Xinru , Lu Jian , Qu Xinying , Chen Xiao
Published: February 2025

Apis cerana, a native type of honey bee in China, adapts well to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) environments with high altitude, cold, low oxygen, and strong radiation. In this study, we detected 40 morphological characteristics from 100 colonies in 49 regions. We not only evaluated the morphometric characteristics of honey bee populations in the QTP but also found that the pigmentation of labrum and tergite 2 in A. cerana is significantly different from that in Apis mellifera. Moreover, most morphological characteristics were correlated with environmental factors. Tibet and Qinghai could be distinctly separated. The cluster analysis indicated that Xunhua and Danba were far apart and formed a single cluster. Honey bees from Danba and Linzhichayu were correctly judged into corresponding populations. There was large morphometric diversity within the selected sampling areas of the Sichuan, Yunnan, and Gansu populations. Overall, our findings offer insights into the conservation and sustainable utilization of A. cerana in the QTP.
Selective Recovery of Metallic Zinc from Zinc Leaching Residue by Calcification Roasting and Acid Leaching
Authors: Wang Zhenqi , Ge Hui , Xie Feng , Wu Shaohua , Wei Wang
Published: February 2025

It is essential to recycle zinc leaching residue (ZLR) generated by the conventional zinc hydrometallurgy process, as it is a hazardous and potentially valuable industrial waste. A combined calcification roasting–acid leaching process was developed to selectively separate and recover zinc from ZLR. This work investigates the effectiveness of using calcium oxide as an additive to transform zinc ferrite during the roasting process. The feasibility of the reaction was investigated based on thermodynamic calculations and compositional analysis. The transformation ratio of zinc ferrite reached 95.27% after roasting at 900 °C for 2 h with a Ca/Fe molar ratio of 3. During the calcification roasting process, the zinc ferrite was effectively converted into zinc oxide and calcium ferrite. The selective leaching of zinc was achieved at an L/S of 15, 25 g/L H2SO4, 60 °C, and 90 min. The extraction ratios of Zn and Fe were 86.26% and 0.06%, respectively. After the leachate was evaporated and purified, metallic zinc with a purity of 99.53% was obtained by constant current electrolysis for 60 min with a current efficiency of 86.7%. The proposed process provides a viable alternative method for recycling zinc resources from ZLR by an environmentally friendly method.
The Fracture Modes of Biomimetic Borosilicate Glass Protective Composite
Authors: Sun Jun , Zhao Chunxu , Li Jun , Mei Hai , Liu Xiang , Yan Shilin
Published: February 2025

The biomimetic structures in nature, such as shells, turtles, and other scaly organisms, inspire the design of transparent protective composites for enhancing their anti-penetration performance. Here, we designed the borosilicate glass composites with nacreous and tortoiseshell structures and examined their mechanical properties and damage mechanisms under high-speed impact using ballistics experiments. The effects of arrangements and tablet size on the dynamic performance of borosilicate glass composites were also investigated. The results suggest that the biomimetic structure exhibits better impact performance than traditional composites with whole plate structure. Using the biomimetic structure, the average damage area is decreased by 57.6–66.5% and the average energy dissipation is increased around 5% for the transparent composites. Compared to the aligned arrangements, the staggered arrangement of tablets is more beneficial to the anti-penetration when the staggered point is positioned symmetrically. In addition, the tablet size also plays a significant role, where a small tablet can decrease the average damage area around 15.4–24.1% and increase the average energy dissipation up to 4.2%. Therefore, the tortoiseshell structure with the staggered arrangement of small tablets is an optimal combination of the design parameters, which exhibits the best ballistic performance among other configurations due to the substantial enhancement of the locking effect at the tablet interface. This study provides valuable insights into the impact performance and fracture mode of the biomimetic structural composites, especially for the transparent armors of glass materials.
Innovative Insights into Fatigue Damage Evolution of Shield Tunnel Segments by Introducing Stable Damage Limit and Memory Effect
Authors: Zou Yang , Ye Yichao , Tang Qianlong
Published: February 2025

In this study, an experimental equipment is designed to simulate the mechanical boundary conditions of shield tunnels and test samples that exhibit varying degrees of initial damage fabricated through low-energy impact experiments. The fatigue damage characteristics of the initially damaged segments are examined under multistage cyclic loading. A comprehensive analysis of dynamic strain, mean strain, and strain amplitude time–history curves is conducted to derive damage evolution curves based on the degradation of elastic modulus. The average damage evolution rate is evaluated from these curves. The findings reveal that both initial damage and load level significantly influence segment performance evolution, potentially increasing the damage evolution rate by tenfold or more. Importantly, the results highlight a “memory effect” in damage evolution and identify a critical threshold that distinguishes between “stable” and “accelerating” damage evolution stages. Exceeding this threshold results in a substantial acceleration of the damage evolution rate, ultimately leading to failure. This research introduces the innovative concept of a stable damage limit and underscores the crucial role of initial damage in the nonlinear strain development of segmented concrete, providing valuable insights for improving fatigue design strategies in structural concrete elements.
Advanced Technologies for Large Scale Supply of Marine Drugs
Authors: Martínez Henar , Santos Mercedes , Pedraza Lucía , Testera Ana M.
Published: February 2025

Marine organisms represent a source of unique chemical entities with valuable biomedical potentialities, broad diversity, and complexity. It is essential to ensure a reliable and sustainable supply of marine natural products (MNPs) for their translation into commercial drugs and other valuable products. From a structural point of view and with few exceptions, MNPs of pharmaceutical importance derive from the so-called secondary metabolism of marine organisms. When production strategies rely on marine macroorganisms, harvesting or culturing coupled with extraction procedures frequently remain the only alternative to producing these compounds on an industrial scale. Their supply can often be implemented with laboratory scale cultures for bacterial, fungal, or microalgal sources. However, a diverse approach, combining traditional methods with modern synthetic biology and biosynthesis strategies, must be considered for invertebrate MNPs, as they are usually naturally accumulated in only very small quantities. This review offers a comprehensive examination of various production strategies for MNPs, addressing the challenges related to supply, synthesis, and scalability. It also underscores recent biotechnological advancements that are likely to transform the current industrial-scale manufacturing methods for pharmaceuticals derived from marine sources.
Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 Enhances Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator Production from an n-3 PUFA Salt in a Dynamic Model of the Human Intestine
Authors: Speckmann Bodo , Jordan Paul M. , Werz Oliver , Hofstetter Robert K. , Ehring Ellen , Vogel Marie-Luise , Venema Koen
Published: February 2025

Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and their effects are potentiated upon conversion to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). Recent studies indicated that the probiotic bacterial strain Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 can be used to enhance the production of SPM and its precursors in vivo. Methods: Here, we explored the contribution of Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 to SPM production in a validated, dynamic model of the upper and lower intestine. The TIM-1 and TIM-2 models were applied, with the TIM-2 model inoculated with the fecal microbiota of healthy individuals and probed with an n-3 PUFA lysine salt with and without Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 or an SPM-enriched fish oil or placebo. Kinetics of SPM production were assessed by metabololipidomics analysis, and survival and engraftment of the Bacillus megaterium strain was monitored by plate counting and by strain-specific qPCR. Results: Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 poorly survived TIM-1 conditions but propagated in the TIM-2 model, where it enabled the metabolism of n-3 PUFA to SPM (resolvin E2 and protectin DX) and SPM precursors (e.g., 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (5-HEPE), 15-HEPE, 18-HEPE, 4-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (4-HDHA), 10-HDHA, and 17-HDHA, among other EPA- and DHA-derived metabolites) with significantly higher levels of lipid mediator production compared to the n-3 PUFA lysine salt alone; esterified n-3 PUFA were hardly converted by the microbiota. Conclusions: These findings reinforce that Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 facilitates SPM production in situ from bioavailable n-3 PUFA in the large intestine, highlighting its use to complement eukaryotic SPM biosynthesis by the host and its possible therapeutic use for, e.g., IBD and IBS.
Integrated Device for Cancer Nucleic Acid Biomarker Detection at Body Temperature
Authors: Chen Chang , Wu Bin , Li Xuesong , Jin Yuhang , Zhang Hangyu , Liu Bo , Zhang Zhengyao , Li Na
Published: February 2025

The quantitative analysis of nucleic acid markers is extensively utilized in cancer detection. However, it faces significant challenges, such as the need for specialized detection devices and the inherent complexity of testing procedures. To address these issues, this study proposes a simplified, rapid, and user-friendly platform for cancer nucleic acid marker detection. We firstly designed a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device for the isothermal amplification reaction of nucleic acid biomarkers based on reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) technology. Specifically, three potential cancer nucleic acid biomarkers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) were amplified from human serum or urine samples in the PDMS device at body temperature. The reaction chamber was directly integrated with nucleic acid test strips labeled with colloidal gold nanoparticles, allowing for the visual observation of the detection results for the amplification products. The optimal reaction conditions, such as pH, reaction time, antibody, and streptavidin concentration, were defined after a series of optimization studies. The findings demonstrated that the optimal RT-RAA reaction time was 20 min, the primary antibodies were labeled with colloidal gold to the greatest extent at pH 8.5, and the optimal concentrations of secondary antibody and streptavidin were 1.0 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, this novel detection approach could not only exhibit excellent sensitivity and specificity but also show high accuracy for the analysis of nucleic acid biomarkers in both clinical serum and urine samples. Therefore, the simplified and more convenient operation platform provides a new insight for the semi-quantitative analysis of cancer nucleic acid biomarkers and the rapid screening of early cancer, thereby offering a promising alternative to oncological point-of-care testing (POCT) diagnostics.
Determination of 14 Benzodiazepine Multiresidues in Aquaculture Environment by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Guo Hongyang , Chen Jianwu , Jiang Guangjun , Mei Yuqing , Gong Zhiqiang , Liu Mingdian , Li Jinping , Gan Jinhua
Published: February 2025

In this study, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 14 benzodiazepine (BDZ) multiresidues in aquaculture environmental water and sediment was developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method uses an internal standard for quantification and achieves chromatographic separation and analysis within 11 min. The results of method validation showed that the recoveries of most analytes were in the range of 70–120% in water or sediment matrices, and the correlation coefficients of the 14 target chemistries were R2 > 0.99, with relative standard deviations (RSD) < 15%. The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the ranges of 0.002–0.01 μg/L and 0.01–0.03 μg/L for water and 0.01–0.5 μg/kg and 0.04–1 μg/kg for the sediment matrix. The method is simple and has high rapidity, high sensitivity, and low cost. It provides technical support for the simultaneous monitoring of BDZ residues in the aquaculture environment.
Rapid Fluorescent Probe Detection of Magnesium Impurities in High-Purity Lithium Carbonate Brine Systems
Authors: Li Yan , Cheng Huaigang , He Yueyue , Zhao Jing
Published: February 2025

The magnesium impurities in lithium carbonate cannot be detected quickly in an aqueous environment. To solve this bottleneck problem, this study proposes a new method for the rapid detection of trace Mg2+ in lithium carbonate using a water-soluble fluorescent probe. A water-soluble fluorescent probe A was obtained by introducing hydroxyl groups on a fluorescent oxazole ring. After modification, the hydrogen bonding between the probe and water molecules increased by more than 62 times. Consequently, the energy loss of outward transfer of the fluorescent probe increased, resulting in weak fluorescence in saline systems. Mg2+ was captured by N on the oxazole ring and O on the phenolic hydroxyl group through a 1:1 coordination ratio within the probe structure. The hydrogen bonding attraction between the complex and water molecules increased 16 times. Additionally, the orbital energy gap was reduced from 2.817 to 0.383 eV. Meanwhile, the Mg2+ impeded the phototropic electron transfer effect process, resulting in enhanced fluorescence and completing this process within 3 to 10 s, with a detection limit of 6.06 μmol/L. This method can promote the real-time and rapid quality control of Mg2+ impurities in the refining and purification of lithium carbonate, as well as effectively reduce production costs.
Simplified Protocol for the Purification of Native Cas Nucleases for DNA-Free Genome Editing
Authors: D’Amico Margherita , Maggiolini Flavia Angela Maria , Forleo Lucia Rosaria , Cardone Maria Francesca , Velasco Riccardo , Basile Teodora , Bergamini Carlo
Published: February 2025

DNA-free genome editing by the direct delivery of CRISPR-associated nucleases has emerged as a promising technology due to its precision and reduced risk of off-target effects. However, existing purification protocols for native Cas proteins require the use of complex instrumentation, which limits their application. Here, we present a simplified protocol for the purification of native Cas9, Cas12RR and dCas9-VP64 nucleases optimized for DNA-free genome editing. Our approach leverages a streamlined affinity and ion exchange chromatography coupled with minimal downstream processing, ensuring a good yield and activity of the purified proteins. The in vitro analysis of the purified ribonucleoprotein complex demonstrated a good efficiency of DNA target cleavage. This simplified protocol increases the opportunity to adopt CRISPR technology, and enables broader access to DNA-free genome editing tools also for laboratories that are not specifically equipped for protein purification.
Modeling and Co-Simulation of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Artificial Cybernetic Hand
Authors: Uličný Michal Miloslav , Cigánek Ján , Kutiš Vladimír , Kučera Erik , Šedivý Ján
Published: February 2025

This work focuses on the design and fuzzy logic-based control of a cybernetic hand, which was developed as a communication tool for sign language demonstration. The hand model, initially created in SOLIDWORKS and refined in MSC Adams, was integrated into a MATLAB Simulink simulation. A fuzzy logic controller was used to control finger movements, ensuring efficient and precise motion control. Testing confirmed the system’s ability to achieve rapid and accurate responses, enabling the robotic hand to present sign language gestures effectively.
The Effect of Carbon Nanofibers on the Microstructure, Chemistry, and Pore Structure of Concrete Made with Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregates
Authors: Buettner Nathanial , Iyacu Gass , Dal Poggetto Giovanni , Akono Ange-Therese
Published: February 2025

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is produced using recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) obtained from crushed old concrete. Although RCAs offer a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates, the poor durability and mechanical performance of RAC limit its widespread application. This study investigated the enhancement of RAC’s durability and performance through the incorporation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs). A novel processing method was developed to prepare high-slump CNF-modified RAC, and its chemistry, pore structure, and microstructure were analyzed using backscattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The results showed that CNFs significantly reduced the porosity and permeability, with a decrease in the porosity by 9.0 wt.% and a decrease in the water permeability by 39.3% at an optimal CNF dosage of 0.5% by weight. Furthermore, CNFs promoted the formation of calcium hydroxide and enhanced the densification of the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) matrix, leading to improved resistance against environmental stressors. These findings provide a critical pathway for designing sustainable, high-durability RAC for structural applications.
Advanced Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yan Yue , Xin Ying , Zhao Qingshan
Published: February 2025

Amid rising global energy demand and worsening environmental pollution, there is an urgent need for efficient energy storage and conversion technologies. Oxygen electrocatalytic reactions, specifically the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical processes in these technologies. Low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, including zero-dimensional carbon dots, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, and two-dimensional graphene, demonstrate substantial potential in electrocatalysis due to their unique physical and chemical properties. On the one hand, these low-dimensional carbon materials feature distinct geometric structures that enable the customization of highly active sites for oxygen electrocatalysis. On the other hand, the sp2 hybridization present in these materials contributes to the existence of π electrons, which enhances conductivity and facilitates catalytic activity and stability. This article reviews recent advancements in the development of efficient catalysts for oxygen electrocatalysis based on low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, focusing on their characteristics, synthesis methods, electrocatalytic performance, and applications in energy conversion devices. Additionally, we address the current challenges faced by these nanomaterials and outline future research directions to expedite their practical applications.
Cleft Palate Induced by Mycophenolate Mofetil Is Associated with miR-4680-3p and let-7c-5p in Human Palate Cells
Authors: Yoshioka Hiroki , Horita Hanane , Tsukiboshi Yosuke , Kurita Hisaka , Ogata Aya , Ogata Kenichi
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Cleft palate is a birth defect associated with environmental and genetic factors. Disturbance of microRNAs (miRNAs) and exposure to medicinal agents during pregnancy can cause cleft palate. Although an association between medicine-induced cleft palate and miRNAs has been suggested, it remains to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying mycophenolate mofetil (MPM)-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and miRNA expression in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells. Methods: Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle-related markers were evaluated 48 h after MPM treatment. In addition, miRNA levels and expression of their downstream genes were measured, and a rescue experiment was performed using miR-4680-3p and/or let-7c-5p inhibitors. Results: MPM dose-dependently reduced HEPM cell viability. Additionally, MPM treatment suppressed cyclin-D1, cyclin E1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-2, and CDK6 expression in HEPM cells. Furthermore, MPM upregulated miR-4680-3p and let-7c-5p expression and downregulated the downstream genes of each miRNA. Moreover, miR-4680-3p and/or let-7c-5p inhibitors alleviated MPM-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. Conclusions: These results suggest that MPM-induced cleft palate is associated with miR-4680-3p and let-7c-5p expression in HEPM cells.
Prediction of Pharmacokinetics for CYP3A4-Metabolized Drugs in Pediatrics and Geriatrics Using Dynamic Age-Dependent Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models
Authors: Han Jing , Zhang Zexin , Liu Xiaodong , Yang Hanyu , Liu Li
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The use of medicines in pediatrics and geriatrics is widespread. However, information on pharmacokinetics of therapeutic drugs mainly comes from healthy adults, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of therapeutic drugs in other age stages, including pediatrics and geriatrics, are limited. The aim of the study was to develop a dynamic age-dependent physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs in humans at different ages. Method: The PBPK models characterizing dynamic age-dependence were developed in adults (20–59 years old) and 1000 virtual individuals were constructed. Four CYP3A substrates, namely midazolam, fentanyl, alfentanil and sufentanil, served as model drugs. Following validation using clinic observations in adult populations, the developed PBPK models were extrapolated to other age populations, such as pediatrics and geriatrics, via replacing their physiological parameters and pharmacokinetic parameters, such as organ volume, organ blood flow, clearance, fu,b and Kt:p. The simulations were compared with clinic observations in corresponding age populations. Midazolam served as an example, the dose transitions between adult pediatrics and adult geriatrics were visualized using the developed PBPK models. Results: Most of observed plasma concentrations fell within the 5th–95th percentile of the predicted values in the 1000 virtual individuals, and the predicted AUC0–t and Cmax were almost within between 0.5 and 2 times of the observations. The optimization of dosages in pediatrics and geriatrics were further documented. Conclusions: The developed PBPK model may be successfully used to predict the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4-metabolized drugs in different age groups and to optimize their dosage regiments in pediatrics and geriatrics.
Proteomic Analysis of Plants with Binding Immunoglobulin Protein Overexpression Reveals Mechanisms Related to Defense Against Moniliophthora perniciosa
Authors: Alcântara Grazielle da Mota , Silva Gláucia Carvalho Barbosa , Ocampo Irma Yuliana Mora , Kroger Amanda Araújo , de Oliveira Rafaelle Souza , Gramacho Karina Peres , Pirovani Carlos Priminho , Alvim Fátima Cerqueira
Published: February 2025

Moniliophthora perniciosa is one of the main pathogens affecting cocoa, and controlling it generally involves planting resistant genotypes followed by phytosanitary pruning. The identification of plant genes related to defense mechanisms is crucial to unravel the molecular basis of plant–pathogen interactions. Among the candidate genes, BiP stands out as a molecular chaperone located in the endoplasmic reticulum that facilitates protein folding and is induced under stress conditions, such as pathogen attacks. In this study, the SoyBiPD gene was expressed in Solanum lycopersicum plants and the plants were challenged with M. perniciosa. The control plants exhibited severe symptoms of witches’ broom disease, whereas the transgenic lines showed no or mild symptoms. Gel-free proteomics revealed significant changes in the protein profile associated with BiP overexpression. Inoculated transgenic plants had a higher abundance of resistance-related proteins, such as PR2, PR3, and PR10, along with increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase, and fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes (glucanases). Additionally, transgenic plants accumulated less H2O2, indicating more efficient control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The interaction network analysis highlighted the activation of defense-associated signaling and metabolic pathways, conferring a state of defensive readiness even in the absence of pathogens. These results demonstrate that BiP overexpression increases the abundance of defense proteins, enhances antioxidant capacity, and confers greater tolerance to biotic stress. This study demonstrates the biotechnological potential of the BiP gene for genetic engineering crops with increased resistance to economically important diseases, such as witches’ broom in cocoa.
Plant Volatile Organic Compounds: Revealing the Hidden Interactions
Authors: Abbas Farhat , Wang Hui-Cong
Published: February 2025

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), classified as secondary or specialized metabolites, are essential for plant health [...]
Insecticidal Activity of Lectin Preparations from Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) Seeds Against Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Santos Nataly Diniz de Lima , dos Santos Patryck Érmerson Monteiro , Lira Thiago Lucas da Silva , Santos Aline Rodrigues da Silva , Silva Juliane Nancy de Oliveira , dos Santos Alícia Natalie Silva , de Amorim Marcus Mello Rego , Barros Mércia Rodrigues , Coelho Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso , Paiva Patrícia Maria Guedes , Lima Thâmarah de Albuquerque , Martins Gustavo Ferreira , Napoleão Thiago Henrique , Pontual Emmanuel Viana
Published: February 2025

The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus, is a widespread pest in poultry farming, causing economic losses and facilitating the spread of pathogens. Current control methods rely heavily on synthetic insecticides, which raise environmental concerns and contribute to resistance. This study investigated the insecticidal potential of Moringa oleifera seed preparations, including an aqueous extract (AE), a protein-enriched fraction (PF), and an isolated lectin (WSMoL), against A. diaperinus. Contact assays demonstrated that AE and PF reduced adult survival by up to 90% and 100%, respectively, while WSMoL was effective only against larvae, causing 48% mortality. Ingestion assays showed that AE and PF reduced adult survival by 60% and 30%, respectively; impaired diet utilization; and caused significant weight loss. WSMoL exhibited antinutritional effects, including a 94% reduction in trypsin-like activity, but did not cause lethality, although it may impair long-term survival. Midgut histological analysis revealed epithelial disorganization, vacuolization, and nuclear condensation in the treated insects. These findings suggest that M. oleifera seed preparations are promising candidates for sustainable pest control, offering both lethal and sublethal effects on A. diaperinus. Future research should focus on the development of formulations and long-term impact assessments on pest populations and non-target organisms, paving the way for eco-friendly alternatives in integrated pest management.
Heuristic Guidelines for Developing Polymer/Ionic Liquid Blend Membranes
Authors: Bernardo Paola , Clarizia Gabriele
Published: February 2025

In the search of increasingly effective materials for enhancing gas transport in membranes, the incorporation of ionic liquids within a polymeric matrix is attracting a lot of interest in the development of advanced membranes to be applied to CO2 separation. An analysis of the open literature focusing on polymer/IL blend membranes, in which a polymer matrix hosts an ionic liquid, was carried out, showing the effects of different composition dependences on CO2 permeability. The peculiar permeability profiles were attributed to the specific interactions established between the ionic liquid and the polymer matrix rather than to the state of the polymer matrix. Hansen’s solubility parameters were considered to represent CO2 transport in polymer/IL blend membranes by linking them to interactions between the ionic liquid and the polymer matrix. Through an appropriate rearrangement of the solubility parameters, 2D maps were utilized as an immediate and easy tool to identify the best polymer/ionic liquid combination before even performing laboratory experiments.
Enhanced Removal of Organic Compounds Assisted by Activated Carbon/Copper (II) Complex Composite
Authors: Silva Felipe P. da , Felippe Leandro C. , Borges Cristiano P. , Casellato Annelise , Fonseca Fabiana V. da
Published: February 2025

Industrial wastewater treatment is essential to mitigate pollution and address global water scarcity. In this study, an activated carbon/copper (II) complex (AC/CuL) composite was obtained for enhanced removal of organic compounds by coupling adsorption and oxidation. Tests were performed using Drimaren Red X-6BN (DRX-6BN) and oily effluent at pH~6.0. Tests to obtain the adsorption kinetics of DRX-6BN (20 mg/L) were performed at 25 °C and using an amount of 0.42 g/200 mL of solution. The data were well fitted by several models, suggesting a complex adsorption process; however, the best fit was achieved by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model (R2 = 0.9996). The adsorption data best fit the Freundlich model. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to the system reduced the need for adsorbent, removing approximately 100% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the emulsion in 120 min using only 0.04 g of AC/CuL. The material exhibited high storage stability and maintained its effectiveness in removing oil and grease (O&G) content and COD for at least 12 months. These results indicate that AC/CuL is promising for the removal of complex organic compounds, such as that from the textile and petroleum industries. These findings offer a sustainable, economical, and safe approach for wastewater treatment.