bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field validation of a magneto-optical detection device (Gazelle) for portable point-of-care Plasmodium vivax diagnosis
Authors: Valdivia Hugo O. , Thota Priyaleela , Braga Greys , Ricopa Leonila , Barazorda Keare , Salas Carola , Bishop Danett K. , Joya Christie A.
Published: June 2021

A major challenge for malaria is the lack of tools for accurate and timely diagnosis in the field which are critical for case management and surveillance. Microscopy along with rapid diagnostic tests are the current mainstay for malaria diagnosis in most endemic regions. However, these methods present several limitations. This study assessed the accuracy of Gazelle, a novel rapid malaria diagnostic device, from samples collected from the Peruvian Amazon between 2019 and 2020. Diagnostic accuracy was compared against microscopy and two rapid diagnostic tests (SD Bioline and BinaxNOW) using 18ssr nested-PCR as reference test. In addition, a real-time PCR assay (PET-PCR) was used for parasite quantification. Out of 217 febrile patients enrolled and tested, 180 specimens (85 P. vivax and 95 negatives) were included in the final analysis. Using nested-PCR as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of Gazelle was 88.2% and 97.9%, respectively. Using a cutoff of 200 parasites/μl, Gazelle’s sensitivity for samples with more than 200 p/uL was 98.67% (95%CI: 92.79% to 99.97%) whereas the sensitivity for samples lower than 200 p/uL (n = 10) was 12.5% (95%CI: 0.32% to 52.65%). Gazelle’s sensitivity and specificity were statistically similar to microscopy (sensitivity = 91.8, specificity = 100%, p = 0.983) and higher than both SD Bioline (sensitivity = 82.4, specificity = 100%, p = 0.016) and BinaxNOW (sensitivity = 71.8%, specificity = 97.9%, p = 0.002). The diagnostic accuracy of Gazelle for malaria detection in P. vivax infections was comparable to light microscopy and superior to both RDTs even in the presence of low parasitemia infections. The performance of Gazelle makes it a valuable tool for malaria diagnosis and active case detection that can be utilized in different malaria-endemic regions.
“There is people like us and there is people like them, and we are not like them.” Understating social exclusion – a qualitative study
Authors: O’Donnell Patrick , Moran Lisa , Geelen Stefan , O’Donovan Diarmuid , van den Muijsenbergh Maria , Elmusharaf Khalifa
Published: June 2021

Social exclusion is a complex concept that is relevant in terms of the health of vulnerable groups. Attempts have been made in the past to measure it, both at the population and the individual level. The aim of this research was to engage with a broad range of relevant stakeholders in Ireland in order to learn how they defined and conceptualised social exclusion. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 24 participants selected using maximum variation sampling. One quarter of the interviewees were experts by experience. Participants included academic experts, the heads of organisations working nationally with socially excluded groups, politicians, clinicians, support workers and health service managers all with experience of working with socially excluded groups. The resulting definition of social exclusion was “the experience of lack of opportunity, or the inability to make use of available opportunities, thereby preventing full participation in society.” From this, we developed a new model of the concept comprising three elements; Opportunities, Influencing factors and Social outcomes. Opportunities are the fundamental needs that are required to be met for a person to begin leaving social exclusion. Influencing factors are a mixture of the personal characteristics and more complex problems such as the intergenerational effects of disadvantage. Social outcomes include a person being accepted by wider society, and subsequently being able to participate. The conceptual framework we developed can contribute to a better understanding of the concept of social exclusion. The traditional policy focus on improving the needs of excluded people at the Opportunities level must continue, but must be complemented by tackling the problems at the levels of the Influencing factors and Social outcomes also. In terms of changes to practice, the measurement of the social exclusion status of people engaging with primary care and other services would be an important start in order to better understand the magnitude of the work required.
Analysis of interaction risks of patients with polypharmacy and the pharmacist interventions performed to solve them—A multicenter descriptive study according to medication reviews in Hungarian community pharmacies
Authors: Szilvay András , Somogyi Orsolya , Dobszay Annamária , Meskó Attiláné , Zelkó Romána , Hankó Balázs
Published: June 2021

Objective

The study examined the Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) of patients with polypharmacy in 78 Hungarian community pharmacies, especially the interaction risks in terms of their clinical severity. Also, the objective was to analyze pharmacists’ interventions to solve the identified interaction risks.

Methodology

The research was carried out in the framework of the training of specialist pharmacists at Semmelweis University, with the participation of 78 graduated pharmacists with the collaboration of 98 GPs. A total of 755 patients participated in pharmaceutical counseling which meant a medication review process. DRPs were uniformly categorized and the interventions were recorded by pharmacists, while a detailed analysis of interaction risks was performed by authors.

Results

A total of 984 DRPs were registered. The most common category of DRPs was the "non-quantitative safety problems" (62.6%). Interaction risk was the most common cause of DRPs (54.0%). The highest proportion of interaction risks were between two prescription drugs (66.7%). In 30.7% of interaction risks’ cases, there was not known negative outcome. In contrast, it was recommended to modify the therapy in 14.9% of interaction risks. Acetylsalicylic acid (22.8%), acenocoumarol (17.7%), and diclofenac (13.9%) were the most common active substances which caused serious interaction risks.

A total of 599 pharmacist interventions were used to solve the 531 interaction risks. Pharmacists notified the GPs about the problem in 28.4% of cases and they intervened without the GP in 63.1% of cases, most often with patient education (27.4%).

Conclusion

Medication review by community pharmacists is required for the safe medicine using of patients with polypharmacy, as a significant number of DRPs have been recorded. The incidence of interaction risks stood out. It is essential to develop a pharmaceutical guideline to properly classify the clinical relevance of interaction risks (e.g. according to high-risk active substances) and to increase the collaboration with GPs.
Patriarchy in play: Video games as gendered media ecologies
Authors: Jenson Jennifer , de Castell Suzanne
Published: June 2021

Videogames are a dominant cultural, economic and creative medium in the twenty-first century, whose varied ecologies are increasingly recognized as particularly hostile environments to those identifying or identified as women. These ecologies include those encoded and enacted within the virtual environments of digital games, across the spectrum of those ecologies materially inhabited in games education, game cultures and, paradigmatically, the video game industry. In June 2020, top videogame maker Ubisoft saw high ranking employees resign from the company as accounts went public on Twitter and in mainstream media of sexual harassment, abuse and other misconduct at the company being covered up and ignored. But this is by no means the first public revelation of sexual harassment and discriminatory injustices directed at women who develop and play games: many will recall the vitriolic online hate movement #gamergate.

Despite the familiarity of these tropes, we seem to ‘rediscover’ every few years or so that making and playing video games can present toxic environments for women. Drawing on feminist perspectives that understand how videogames have been a gendered, primarily masculine, domain, this article proposes that a topographical view, one specifically attuned to examining gender through a media ecology lens, can demonstrate how these successive re-enactments of ‘shock and awe’ operate in the service of, and are functionally integral to, the preservation of media ecologies exclusionary by design, legitimizing the repetition of their gendered hostilities. The intent is to move beyond naïve expressions of surprise and righteous indignation, to a grounded recognition and elucidation of the extents to which misogyny and harassment are and have been deeply structured into the gendered ecologies of video games.
Máscaras, ficção e mise-en-scène na fotografia contemporânea
Authors: Cupello America
Published: June 2021

O artigo é uma reflexão sobre o uso da máscara na mise-en-scène fotográfica, com ênfase no ato de mascarar e suas acepções no repertório fotográfico contemporâneo. Como referência conceitual faço uso da série O álbum de família de Lucybelle Crater, de Ralph Eugene Meatyard. Percebo que o autor, precursor da fotografia encenada entre os anos 60 e 70, constrói suas narrativas no limiar entre a realidade e a ficção, trazendo para a atualidade um novo olhar sobre a fotografia, ela própria operando como instrumento da opacidade, ou seja, máscara.
Que faire des témoignages plastiques à Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Authors: Wadbled Nathanaël
Published: June 2021

Les musées-mémoriaux de la déportation et du génocide commis par les nazis n’exposent que rarement les dessins, peintures et sculptures produites par les rescapés montrant de manière représentative leur expérience de l’horreur. Les nombreuses images exposées sont essentiellement des photographies. C’est notamment le cas dans l’exposition du Musée-Mémorial d’Auschwitz-Birkenau. Lorsque des œuvres testimoniales sont mises en avant, c’est dans un espace à part, séparé de l’exposition historique. Mon hypothèse est que le discours sur la Shoah porté par l’exposition n’est pas susceptible de leur laisser une place. Si l’exposition historique montre l’incommensurabilité de l’horreur, ces témoignages plastiques induisent en effet à imaginer le récit de la vie des victimes représentées et donc à rendre leur vie commensurable avec ce que les visiteurs peuvent comprendre. Les œuvres représentatives placent le spectateur face à l’évidence de l’expérience de l’horreur plutôt que devant celle de son ineffabilité
A propos de narrativité : Interview de Lorenzo Menoud par Nikoleta Kerinska, 2021
Authors: Kerinska Nikoleta , Menoud Lorenzo
Published: June 2021

Dans cette interview, Lorenzo Menoud, nous propose une réflexion stimulante sur la narrativité. Selon lui, la narrativité n’est pas un concept qui serait défini indubitablement par certaines propriétés essentielles, mais plutôt un terme dont on a tou·te·s une idée, plus ou moins précise et plus ou moins variable. Ainsi, la narrativité se constitue dans un réseau conceptuel au croisement de plusieurs enjeux, parmi lesquels : qu’est-ce que l’on envisage comme un récit et pourquoi ? quels rapports la narrativité entretient-elle avec la fiction et l’art ? pour quelles raisons raconte-t-on des histoires ? Lorenzo Menoud développe ses idées, en fournissant un cadre théorique essentiel pour comprendre les enjeux du récit et de la narrativité, non seulement dans l’art mais dans une perspective plus générale.
I-voting – opportunities and threats. Conditions for the effective implementation of Internet voting on the example of Switzerland and Estonia
Authors: Górny Maciej
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to present the opportunities and threats resulting from the implementation of voting via the Internet (i-voting) and to discuss the conditions for effective implementation of this alternative voting procedure on the example of Estonia and Switzerland. Estonia is the only country in the world where i-voting is widely used. In Switzerland, on the other hand, this voting method has been used most often, although its use has been suspended for several years due to legal, infrastructural and political problems. What are the conditions for successfully implementing Internet voting? The attempt to answer this research question was possible thanks to the use of the following research methods: comparative, formal-dogmatic, behavioral and modified historical method. The key conclusion is that the implementation of i-voting must be preceded by many years of political, legal, infrastructural and social activities, and that the created system must be as transparent as possible.
Norms Require Not Just Technical Skill and Social Learning, but Real Cooperation
Authors: Tomasello Michael
Published: June 2021

Birch’s account of the evolutionary origins of social norms is essentially individualistic. It begins with individuals regulating their own actions toward internally represented goals, as evaluative standards, and adds in a social dimension only secondarily. I argue that a better account begins at the outset with uniquely human collaborative activity in which individuals share evaluative standards about how anyone who would play a given role must behave both toward their joint goal and toward one another. This then scaled up to the shared normative standards for anyone who would be a member of ‘our’ social group.
Inverse spectral problem for Jacobi operators and Miura transformation
Authors: Osipov Andrey
Published: June 2021

We study a Miura-type transformation between Kac - van Moerbeke (Volterra) and Toda lattices in terms of the inverse spectral problem for Jacobi operators, which appear in the Lax representation for such systems. This inverse problem method, which amounts to reconstruction of the operator from the moments of its Weyl function, can be used in solving initial-boundary value problem for both systems. It is shown that the Miura transformation can be easily described in terms of these moments. Using this description we establish a bijection between the Volterra lattices and the class of Toda lattices which is characterized by positivity of Jacobi operators in their Lax representation. Also, we discuss an implication of the latter result to the spectral theory.
Electrolyte and acid-base imbalance in severe COVID-19
Authors: Sjöström Anna , Rysz Susanne , Sjöström Henrik , Höybye Charlotte
Published: June 2021

Acute systemic diseases, such as severe infections, can lead to electrolyte and acid-base alterations. To study the presence of electrolyte imbalance in severe COVID-19, we investigated the frequency and consequences of changes in electrolyte and acid-base patterns over time. We performed a retrospective cohort study including 406 patients with severe COVID-19. Levels of electrolytes, base excess, pH, serum osmolality, and hematocrit, the first 2 weeks of hospitalization, were collected daily from the laboratory database and clinical data from patients’ medical records. We found that hyponatremia was present in 57% of the patients at admission and 2% in hypernatremia. However, within 2 weeks of hospitalization 42% of the patients developed hypernatremia, more frequently in critically ill patients. Lower levels of sodium and potassium during admission were associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Decreased pH at admission was associated with both death and the need for mechanical ventilation. Hypernatremia in the ICU was combined with rising base excess and a higher pH. In the group without intensive care, potassium levels were significantly lower in the patients with severe hypernatremia. Presence of hypernatremia during the first 2 weeks of hospitalization was associated with 3.942 (95% CI 2.269–6.851) times higher odds of death. In summary, hypernatremia was common and associated with longer hospital stay and a higher risk of death, suggesting that the dynamics of sodium are an important indicator of severity in COVID-19.
Graves disease in infancy: a patient presentation and literature review
Authors: Alex-Ann Beliard Kara , Shyamkumar Srinidhi , Brar Preneet Cheema , Rapaport Robert
Published: June 2021

We describe a case of an infant who presented with clinical features of hyperthyroidism. The child was found to be tachycardic, hypertensive and diaphoretic, she was noted to have poor weight gain and difficulty in sleeping. The child was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for care. She was found to have biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism with positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin. She responded well to methimazole and propranolol and had a remarkable recovery. She is the youngest patient to be diagnosed with Graves disease in the English literature, at 12 months of life.

Learning points

Hyperthyroidism must always be considered even at very young age, for patient presenting with poor weight gain and hyperdynamic state.

Autoimmune diseases are becoming more common in infancy.

Craniosynostosis and increased height for age are well-documented consequences of untreated hyperthyroidism in developing children.
La comprensión textual en función de la acentuación española
Authors: Dorta Martínez Miriam Esther , Rodríguez Rodríguez Yemilka , Souto Padrón Martha Antonia
Published: June 2021

La enseñanza- aprendizaje de la lengua materna exige actualmente su estudio como medio de cognición y comunicación. Se ha diagnosticado en la práctica pedagógica que prevalece la enseñanza de la acentuación española desvinculada de la comprensión textual. El artículo tiene el objetivo de proponer ejercicios sobre la comprensión textual en función de la acentuación española, a partir de la sistematización de la teoría y la práctica educativa y como parte de una tesis de pregrado, con el uso de los métodos analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, la observación y el análisis de documentos. Los ejercicios muestran la posibilidad que tienen algunas lecturas del libro de texto de Español- Literatura y cuaderno complementario de octavo grado para el estudio de este contenido.
MODELING OF ENERGY CONVERSION PROCESSES IN THE SYSTEM VIBRA-TION ENERGY RECOVERY OF VEHICLES
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine ", Vaskovskyi Yu. ,   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute",   , Peremohy ave., 37, 03056, Kyiv, Ukraine, Poda M. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Peremohy ave., 37, 03056, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The article presents a complex mathematical model of the energy recovery system for mechanical vibrations of vehicles moving in difficult road conditions. Such a system is an auxiliary power supply system that enhances the functionality of modern vehicles. The mathematical model takes into account the entire set of processes for converting the energy of mechanical vibrations in the following sequence: mechanical energy of the reciprocating oscillatory motion of the vehicle chassis - mechanical energy of the rotational motion of the electric generator shaft - electrical energy of the alternating current of the generator - direct current electrical energy of the battery. The modes of operation of the system are investigated, which provide efficient processes of charging the battery. For a specific example, data on the charging time of a truck battery is given. References 9, figures 7.
EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF USE OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM IN ELECTRIC NETWORKS
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Kyrylenko O.V. , Blinov I.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Parus E.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Trach I.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Ways for the use of energy storage systems (ESS) in electrical networks are considered. The formalization of the general approach to solving the problems of efficient use of ESS in electrical networks is performed. The article shows the mathematical models for evaluating the effectiveness of using ESS and determination of the ESS optimal configuration, including regulation modes of electric networks. The operation of the electrical network with an connected group of four ESS is considered. The standard IEEE 33-node 12.6 kV network was used as a base model. A new target function has been proposed. This function is based on the benefit of installing the ESS and consists of the annual cost of buying / selling electricity by ESS, the annual cost of reducing active losses in the electricity grid due to the operation of the ESS and the corresponding investment costs. The results of optimization calculations using the proposed objective function are given. A comparative analysis of the obtained results was performed. The estimation of the components of the function of the benefit of using ESS under the condition of elimination of deviations of voltage levels in separate nodes of the electric network from the normalized values is performed. References 33, figures 2, tables 2.
METHOD OF REFERENCE SIGNALS CREATING IN NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING BASED ON LOW-SPEED IMPACT
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 37, pr. Peremohy, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Eremenko V.S. , Babak V.P. ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine, str. Maria Kapnist, 2a, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Zaporozhets A.O. ,   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine, str. Maria Kapnist, 2a, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The article describes the approach to the formation of a simulation model of information signals, which are typical for objects with different types of defects. The dispersive analysis of the signal spectrum components in the bases of the discrete Hartley transform and the discrete cosine transform is carried out. The analysis of the form of the reconstructed information signal is carried out depending on the number of coefficients of the spectral alignment in Hartley bases and cosine functions. The basis of orthogonal functions of a discrete argument is obtained, which can be used for the spectral transformation of information signals of a flaw detector. A method of simulation of information signals has been developed and experimentally investigated, which allows taking into account the deterministic and random components of the characteristics of real information signals. References 24, figures 13, tables 3.
La naturaleza muerta y el misterio en Blow up de Michelangelo Antonioni
Authors: Madrid del Campo Lara
Published: June 2021

Se presenta un análisis textual de la naturaleza muerta como concepto metafísico en la película Blow up (1968) de Michelangelo Antonioni. A través del análisis se estudiarán las correspondencias visuales entre la realidad y la metafísica, concluyendo en sus consecuencias discursivas.
Exégesis de repaso a la episteme del diseño.
Authors: Horta Mesa Aurelio A.
Published: June 2021

Este texto vuelve al escenario de la epistemología, con el interés de ampliar el planteamiento sobre el pensamiento no lineal del diseño, y de la construcción modal de su episteme propuesta por el autor. De orden esencialmente teórico, este tema cobra interés en el campo de la investigación académica ante la diversidad de casos problemáticos de una muy variada índole, distantes —si se quiere— de una ortodoxia discursiva de lo industrial o gráfico, si bien y generalmente orientados a contextos, temas y proposiciones donde prevalece el servicio social, modos de vida, participación y/o conducta ciudadana, así como procederes de carácter político, organizacional o de comunicación en sus indistintas formas. De ahí, que esta otra (re)visión al modelo de la episteme del diseño —léase, su conceptualización en acto— proponga, a modo de exégesis, una otra moción de búsqueda y entendimiento acerca de esa dinámica estructura del pensamiento y práctica del diseño.
De los artefactos tecnológicos a la emergencia de los tecnoagenciamientos de la imagen
Authors: Betancourt Ruiz María Ximena
Published: June 2021

La revista Actio reconoce la necesidad de ampliar la discusión sobre las TIC en campos que implican pensar, enseñar y producir, la confluencia entre ciencia y tecnología y artes fílmicas, comunicación visual y diseño. Por tanto, invitó a la reflexión a 14 teóricos, investigadores y docentes para que, desde diferentes latitudes y a través de videoclips como producto audiovisual, aportaran con posturas valiosas, unas veces contrarias y otras convergentes, pero siempre críticas y propositivas. En este artículo se observan las tiranías, los sometimientos y las hibridaciones de y por las tecnologías cuando son artefactos del poder, también sus líneas de fuga, posibilidades y resistencias que brindan al resignificar sentidos, proponer interconexiones, generar vínculos, enlaces, formaciones y redes, configurando y transformando los espacios socioculturales físicos, virtuales y simbólicos.
Metodología, territorio y construcción de paz. Experiencia en el Pacífico nariñense
Authors: Chaves-Bustos J. Mauricio
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo muestra una de las metodologías empleadas para la construcción de paz en Colombia, fruto del acuerdo de paz firmado entre el Estado colombiano y las Farc. Se reconoce lo difícil que es romper los esquemas con los cuales hemos crecido los colombianos, particularmente porque nuestros constructos simbólicos están interceptados por los medios de comunicación, que en el país son monopólicos y excluyentes, acomodados al sentir de los capitales que mueven sus intereses, lo que hemos llamado domesticación. Consideramos importante partir de la memoria, individual y colectiva, de aquellas víctimas de la violencia en Colombia que han sido expulsadas de sus territorios u obligadas a vivir en medio del fuego cruzado, de ideas y de balas. De modo que, en el presente artículo se considera pertinente recuperar la memoria, reconstruirla y vitalizarla mediante las voces que necesitan contar su verdad desde los territorios y desde las periferias invisibilizadas por el poder centro desde donde se ha manejado tradicionalmente al país. Finalmente, se comparte la metodología empleada en el Pacífico nariñense para la implementación del Plan de Desarrollo con Enfoque Territorial, contemplado en el acuerdo de paz.
A comparison of two open-source crop simulation models for a potato crop
Authors: Quintero Diego , Díaz Eliécer
Published: June 2021

An open-source model is a model that makes it possible to modify the source code. This tool can be a great advantage for the user since it allows changing or modifying some of the background theory of the model. World Food Studies (WOFOST) and AquaCropOS open-source crop models were compared using field recorded data. Both models are free open-source tools that allow evaluating the impacts of climate and water on agriculture. The objective of this research was to assess the model’s efficiency in simulating the yield and above-ground biomass formation of a potato crop on the Cundiboyacense plateau. WOFOST simulates biomass accumulation in the crop organs using partitioning of assimilates to establish the biomass fraction that turns into yield. AquaCropOS simulates total above-ground biomass accumulation using crop water productivity (WP) and considers the Harvest Index (HI) to calculate yield formation. Crop modules for both models were built using information recorded in previous studies by other authors; those works performed a physiological and phenological characterization of some potato varieties. It was found that the WOFOST model simulates yield formation better than AquaCropOS; despite that, AquaCropOS simulates total above-ground biomass better than WOFOST. However, AquaCropOS was as efficient as WOFOST in simulating yield formation.
Efficacy of imazapic/imazapyr and other herbicides in mixtures for the control of Digitaria insularis prior to soybean sowing
Authors: Albrecht Alfredo Junior Paiola , Albrecht Leandro Paiola , Silva André Felipe Moreira , Ramos Romulo Augusto , Zeny Everson Pedro , Lorenzetti Juliano Bortoluzzi , Danilussi Maikon Tiago Yamada , Barroso Arthur Arrobas Martins
Published: June 2021

Herbicide mixtures, use of multiple sites of action, and other weed management practices are necessary to avoid cases of biotype resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of imazapic/imazapyr and other herbicides in mixtures to control Digitaria insularis at burndown before soybean sowing. This field research was conducted in Umuarama, State of Parana (PR), Brazil, in the 2018/19 soybean season. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block experimental design with four replications and 11 treatments composed of the application of glyphosate, clethodim, haloxyfop, imazapic/imazapyr, glufosinate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), dicamba, triclopyr, and saflufenacil, in mixtures. Weed control was evaluated as well as soybean injury and yield. An analysis of variance and F-test were performed, and the treatment means were compared by the Scott-Knott test. All treatments showed great control over the weed and low crop injury rate while maintaining soybean yield. The application of imazapic/imazapyr in mixtures with other herbicides was effective in controlling glyphosate-resistant D. insularis in burndown before soybean sowing and with sequential application of haloxyfop + glyphosate at V3 stage of soybean. This chemical management was also selective for soybean.
Sistema de administración de riesgo de lavado de activos y financiación del terrorismo SARLAFT en el contexto empresarial colombiano
Authors: Lasso Silva Edel Rocío , Mora Torres Sara Natalia
Published: June 2021

La gestión del riesgo en las entidades financieras y en las empresas públicas y privadas no es un tema novedoso, como tampoco lo es la prevención en el lavado de activos y en la financiación del terrorismo. Esta figura existe en muchos países y, por supuesto, Colombia no es la excepción, ya que el principal antecedente de este asunto data de 1993 en el Estatuto Orgánico del Sistema Financiero Colombiano. Fue esta norma la que dio un acercamiento a lo que hoy se conoce como Sistema de Administración del Riesgo y Lavado de Activos y Financiación del Terrorismo (SARLAFT), en el que actualmente las organizaciones realizan la evaluación de los riesgos a los que están expuestos mediante esta herramienta para prevenir actividades ilícitas que generen la degradación económica del estado o incluso, el financiamiento de actos terroristas, es por esto que su exigencia se ve necesaria y obligatoria tanto en el sector público como privado, siendo así, las empresas deben someterse a una rigurosa metodología de reestructuración para implementar este sistema y prevenir que se presenten todo tipo de actividades ilícitas y delictivas. Por tal razón, esta investigación, busca contextualizar los aspectos metodológicos para la implementación y control del SARLAFT. El tipo de investigación en la que se inscribe el presente estudio es de carácter documental con un enfoque cualitativo. A través de la indagación se establecieron los elementos necesarios para reconocer la relevancia del SARLAFT.
One Person Lıbrary From Law and Moral to Socıal Polıcy: Fırst Master İbni Kemalpaşazâde
Authors: Hatipler Mustafa
Published: June 2021

ONE PERSON LIBRARY FROM LAW AND MORAL TO SOCIAL POLICY: FIRST MASTER İBNİ KEMALPAŞAZÂDE
While the history of humanity writes that some intellectuals only have an effect on the age they lived, on the time they lived, even on the main effect they lived, some intellectuals also wrote that they also affected the age they lived in and later ages.While the first is a general situation, it is possible to state that those in the second position are exceptional. One of these exceptional names is Ibni Kemalpaşazâde.
Ibni Kemalpaşazâde, during his 65-year life, produced many works in Arabic, Persian and Turkish, from literature to law, from history to economics and social policy, from ethics to fiqh (islamic law), theology and religion.Worker-employer relations, social order and order issues, which social policy deals within the context of environment and human, were also among the subjects Ibni Kemalpaşazâde worked on.What makes IbniKemalpaşazâde different and exceptional is not his work in multi-languages and multi-disciplines, but that he brings the past to the period he lived in and sheds light on the future with his works.
While the Renaissance and pre-Reform periods were taking place in Europe, Ibni Kemalpaşazâde both worked on social policy issues, handled moral issues, wrote poetry, and put forward provisions on many difficult issues of Islamic law and its treatment. Ibni Kemalpaşazâde is a scientist in one aspect, a man of literature and art in one aspect, a law writer in one aspect and a successful state administrator in one aspect.
His works outnumber books that can be read in an average lifetime. In this respect, İbni Kemalpaşazâde is a one-person library.The reason he is called the "First Master" is that he is extremely meticulous and extraordinary in reading and writing.
Keywords: Law, Human, Environment, Social Policy.
Milarepa Sings Again: Tsangnyön Heruka’s ‘Songs with Parting Instructions’
Authors: Larsson Stefan
Published: June 2021

Although Tibetan Buddhism is often associated with monks and canonical texts, other types of Buddhist practitioners and other kinds of texts are also of importance. Before the 5th Dalai Lama came to power in 1642 and Tibetan Buddhism became increasingly systematized and monastically oriented, Tibetan charismatic yogins composed and printed religious poetry (mgur) and hagiographies (rnam thar) to promote a non-monastic ideal with remarkable success. They modelled their lifestyle upon Indian Tantric siddhas and on the Tibetan poet-saint Milarepa (c. 1040–1123). Like them, they adopted a wandering lifestyle and used religious poetry as a means for spreading their message. By expressing themselves through poetry, which they also composed, these yogins could present Buddhism in an innovative way, adapted to the needs of their audience. Taking the ‘songs with parting instructions’ (’gro chos kyi mgur) of the ‘crazy yogin’ (rnal ’byor smyon pa) Tsangnyön Heruka (1452–1507) as the point of departure, this chapter explores how these colourful figures attempted to vitalize Buddhism in Tibet by creating an alternative religious infrastructure outside of the monastery.
Did the U.S. Bilateral Goods Deficit With China Increase or Decrease During the U.S.-China Trade Conflict?
Authors: Clark Hunter L. , Wong Anna
Published: June 2021

The United States' bilateral goods trade deficit with China appeared to have narrowed substantially since the escalation of the U.S.-China trade conflict in 2018, or so U.S. trade data suggest. By contrast, the Chinese data tell a much different story: the deficit, as implied by China's bilateral surplus, nearly reached historical highs by the end of 2020.
THE FOCUS ON SELF-DEVELOPMENT AS A PREDICTOR OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL WELLBEING OF ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Troshikhina Evgenia G. , Manukyan Victoria R. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Danilova Marina V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the focus on self-development for the psycho-emotional wellbeing of older adolescents (N = 146) and adults (N = 160). Two integrative indicators of the harmonicity / inharmonicity of the focus on self-development are suggested: the ratio of the importance of personal growth to its achievement (realization) and the ratio of the importance (external motivation) of self-development in life spheres to interest (internal motivation) in it. The research revealed that the psycho-emotional wellbeing of adolescents is of hedonistic nature, whereas that of adults is of eudemonic one. With regard to the focus on self-development, the level of the importance of personal growth and the level of its realization in adolescents and adults do not significantly differ. In addition, in both groups the level of the importance is significantly higher than the level of achievement, which indicates an aspiration for further self-improvement. The level of the importance of self-development in different life spheres and the level of interest in it are significantly higher in adults than in adolescents. The harmonious ratio of the importance of self-development to the interest in it and the harmonious ratio of the importance of personal growth to its achievement are most favorable for the psycho-emotional wellbeing of adolescents, while the realization in the sphere of personal growth and their own interest in self-development are of greater importance for the psycho-emotional wellbeing of adults. In adulthood indicators of the focus on self-development appear to be predictors of components of psycho-emotional wellbeing more often and with greater explanatory power than in the adolescent period. Evaluation of achievements in personal growth and internal motivation for self-development (interest in it) are the strongest predictors of psycho-emotional wellbeing for adults, whereas for adolescents the most important predictor of psycho-emotional wellbeing is the recognition of the importance of personal growth, which can be considered a reference point for the future life.
Residency Prep Course Instills Confidence in Interns
Authors: Winter Kelly , Quinn Karson , Helmer Stephen , McBoyle Marilee
Published: June 2021

Introduction.  Physicians entering surgical residency often feel unprepared for tasks expected of them beginning July 1, including responding to pages, writing orders, doing procedures independently, and a multitude of other requirements.  Our aim was to design a surgical boot camp to help graduating senior medical students feel more confident entering residency.
Methods.  A two-week intensive surgery residency prep course was conducted in the spring of 2019 at an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited General Surgery residency program. The course was designed combining aspects from existing prep courses and innovative ideas tailored to resources available at our institution.  Medical students participated in the Surgery Residency Prep Course as an elective at the end of their fourth year of medical school.  An anonymous survey was given pre- and post-prep course completion evaluating confidence in medical knowledge, clinical skills, and surgical skills.  Data were compared using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.
Results.  Six students completed the course as a medical elective.  Students felt more confident at course completion in most aspects, were significantly more confident in all areas of surgical skills taught and evaluated, and nearly all areas of medical knowledge.  Subjectively, students felt as though the course was beneficial and helped them feel more prepared for starting internship.
Conclusions.  This course designed at our institution was successful in helping prepare and instill confidence in graduating medical students prior to starting their internship.
Feminist Aktivizmin Temsil Alanı Olarak Sanat: Guerrilla Girls
Authors: REKA Deniz
Published: June 2021

Sanat alanındaki üretim süreçlerinden, piyasanın işleyiş dinamiklerine, sanatçının yaratım süreçlerinden kazandığı kimliğin etkisine bütünsel bir yaklaşım olarak ele alındığında feminist teori; dönemin siyasi aktivizminden de etkilenerek sanatı bir protesto aracı olarak kullanmıştır. Feminist aktivizmin önemli bir temsilcisi olarak sanatçı grubu Guerrilla Girls, 1980’lerin ortalarından beri cinsiyet ve ırk eşitsizliğini üretimlerinin temel noktası haline getirdikleri çalışmaları ve mizahi eylem biçimleriyle feminist bir karşı kültür oluşturmuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışma, sanat dünyasındaki cinsiyet eşitsizliğine dikkat çeken bağımsız feminist sanatçı grubu Guerrilla Girls’ün eserlerini, feminist aktivizmin sanat alanındaki temsili bağlamında ortaya koyma amacı taşımaktadır. Sanat piyasasının dışlayıcı tutumları nedeniyle galeri mekanlarında kendine yer bulamayan sanatçıların afiş, poster, billboard, etiket ve çıkartmalarla kamusal alanda sergiledikleri eserler, aktivizmle ilişkisi çerçevesinde yorumlanmıştır. Literatürde kadının sanatçı kimliğiyle sanat dünyası içerisindeki konumunu ele alan çalışmaların sayısı az olduğundan çalışmanın sanat iktidarını aşmada ve cinsiyet eşitsizliğine getirilen eleştirinin özgürce ortaya konabilmesinde zorunlu olarak kullanılan kamusal alana dikkat çekmesi nedeniyle önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Panofsky’nin ikonografik ve ikonolojik çözümleme yöntemi ile incelenen beş çalışmanın doğal, uzlaşımsal ve içeriksel anlamları eril bakışın kadınlara atfettiği unsurlar ve grubun mizahi söylemleri bağlamında incelenmiştir.
Gates lab qPCR protocol for Cladocopium and DurusdiniumSymbiodiniaceae detection v1
Authors: Rocha De Souza Mariana , Matsuda Shayle , Dilworth Jenna , Drury Crawford , Cunning Ross
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this protocol is to quantify Cladocopium and Durusdinium Symbiodiniaceae cell ratio densities (symbiont to host cell ratios) from individual coral DNA samples using the StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR System. It allows for a quick assessment of the symbiont community composition and ratio using targeted primers.
Coral Resilience Lab StepOnePlus™qPCR protocol for Cladocopium and DurusdiniumSymbiodiniaceae detection v2
Authors: Rocha De Souza Mariana , Matsuda Shayle , Dilworth Jenna , Drury Crawford , Cunning Ross
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this protocol is to quantify Cladocopium and Durusdinium Symbiodiniaceae cell ratio densities (symbiont to host cell ratios) from individual coral DNA samples using the StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR System. It allows for a quick assessment of the symbiont community composition and ratio using targeted primers.
Appendices, Crime Without Punishment v1
Authors: Naylor-Komyatte Molly
Published: June 2021

Appendix A: Interview Information and Informed Consent Form.
Age-Related Testosterone Changes and Corresponding Song Patterns in Red-whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Tumkiratiwong Panas , Manathamkamon Darika , Chaiyarat Rattanawat , Khoomsab Kan
Published: June 2021

We monitored total testosterone profiles and song patterns of 12 males and 2 females Red-whiskered Bulbuls (Pycnonotus jocosus), aged 5-10 months. Each bird was maintained in a cage sized of 38 × 38 × 50 cm and raised in a 22 °C-controlled room-sized of 6 × 10 × 3.5 m. The song prototype was played during 0700-11.00 h, with an amplifier-connected loudspeaker placed at the center and the song was recorded during both 1100-1200 and 1300-1500 h, and then their sonograms were analyzed with Avisoft SAS Lab Pro, version 4.3. Feces were collected monthly and immediately following recording their songs to determine male and female total testosterone levels by radioimmunoassay. The results demonstrated that an average of a frequency that the male and the female birds produced was 4.27 ± 0.13 kHz with a frequency range of 1.50 - 5.18 kHz. The males aged 8-10 months old produced songs with an average of 25.83 syllables/10 s, similar to those found in the song prototype while the females produced those with an average of 18.33 syllables/10 s. The males produced songs consisting of more syllables and fewer intervals than those of the females. The coefficient of correlations between the mean total testosterone levels with the syllables/10 s and intervals/10 s were +0.68 and -0.69, respectively. Additionally, the male Red-whiskered Bulbuls created the complicated and various song types that corresponded well with the marked increases in the total testosterone levels at the age of 8 to 10 months old.
Penilaian Sistem Suntikan Gas Biohidrogen Menerusi Tetapan Arduino menggunakan Kultur Mikroalga Tempatan melalui Kaedah Fermentasi Fotosintesis dan Gelap
Authors: Kamarudin Kamrul Fakir , Mohd Shukuri Nur Farah , Mohd Yasin Nazlina Haiza , Thanakodi Suresh , Miskon Azizi , Takriff Mohd Sobri
Published: June 2021

Biohidrogen (gas hidrogen yang terhasil melalui kaedah biologi) ialah salah satu sumber tenaga mampan yang boleh diaplikasi untuk penjanaan elektrik. Hasil tindak balas pembakaran gas hidrogen menghasilkan air tanpa pelepasan gas rumah hijau. Mikroalga merupakan salah satu mikroorganisma yang boleh menghasilkan biohidrogen secara fermentasi fotosintesis dan gelap. Dalam kajian ini, mikroalga tempatan, Chlamydomonas sp. UKM6 telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan biohidrogen menggunakan kedua-dua kaedah fermentasi dalam keadaan anaerobik. Fermentasi fotosintesis dijalankan menggunakan kultur UKM6 yang hidup di bawah sinaran cahaya manakala fermentasi gelap dijalankan dengan menggunakan biojisim UKM6 yang diinokulasi dengan enapcemar daripada efluen kilang kelapa sawit (POME). Gas hidrogen yang terhasil disuntik secara automatik ke dalam sistem sel bahan api menggunakan Arduino Uno yang telah dibangunkan. Dengan menggunakan data yang dipaparkan daripada program tetapan Arduino, biojisim UKM6 dalam fermentasi gelap menghasilkan gas hidrogen dan nilai voltan purata tertinggi masing-masing pada kepekatan 30.89 ppm dan 0.92 mV. Berdasarkan keputusan yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahawa mikroalga berpotensi menjana tenaga melalui penghasilan biohidrogen yang dapat terus dianalisa menggunakan teknologi sel bahan api. Sistem ini jelas dapat dapat diperbaiki lagi pada masa akan datang untuk mengukur penjanaan tenaga secara terus dengan berkesan.
Molecular Docking Unveils Prospective Inhibitors for the SARS-COV-2 Main Protease
Authors: Ahmad Fawad , Ikram Saima , Ahmad Jamshaid , ur Rehman Irshad , Khattak Saeed Ullah , Butt Sadia , Mushtaq Maryam
Published: June 2021

The recent emergence of a novel coronavirus strain (SARS-CoV-2) has stimulated global efforts to identify potential drugs that target proteins expressed by this novel coronavirus. Among these, the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (3CL-protease (3CLPro), also known as (MPro) is one of the best choices for the scientists to target. 3CLPro is involved in the processing of polyproteins into mature non-structural viral proteins. An X-ray crystallographic structure (PDB ID 6LU7) of this protein was obtained from the PDB database. ChemDiv libraries of ~80,000 antiviral and ~13,000 coronavirus-targeting molecules were screened against the 3D structure of 3CLPro of SARS-CoV-2. We have identified a panel of molecules that showed an activity and potentially block the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. These molecules can be investigated further to develop effective virus-inhibiting molecules to treat this highly distressing disease, causing extreme unrest across the globe.