bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insecticide and Acaricide Effects on Mortality of Two Parasites of the Citrus Blackfly, 1989
Authors: Sanchez-Salas Jose A. , Blanco-Montero Carlos A.
Published: March 2022

Parasites of the citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, were obtained from grapefruit orchards, with the use of an aspirator, in the vicinity of the General Teran Agriculture Research Center Nuevo Leone, Mexico from Mar to Nov, and transported to the laboratory. Petri dishes were the experimental unit and insecticide/acaricide substrate; top and bottom were sprayed with a hand sprayer and left open until the solution dried. The experimental arrangement consisted of a randomized block design with 2 replications and repeated 32 times throughout the year. Twenty parasites were assigned to each treatment/ replication, maintaining a ratio of 10-10 to 12-8 of each parasite species, then placed into the treated petri dishes, covered, and held at 25°C and 60-70% RH. Mortality was evaluated after 7 h. Mortality data were transformed according to Abbott's formula, analyzed with ANOVA and mean separations obtained by Tukey's test.
Pecan Nut Casebearer Response to Insecticides, 1990
Authors: Aguirre Luis A. , Villegas Jose L. , Guerrero Eugenio , Corrales Jorge
Published: March 2022

The response of PNC from Saltillo and Zaragoza, Coahuila to technical grade Guthion and Sevin was evaluated in laboratory bioassays and compared with the recommended doses of the products. Five larvae ranging in length from 8-10 mm were selected per vial (35 ml) per treatment using 4 replicates. Vials were treated with desired amounts of insecticide dispersed in acetone and an acetone check held at 25±2°C and photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D). Mortality was recorded after 24 h and larvae were considered dead if they failed to respond when touched. Mortality was corrected by Abbott’s formula and data were analyzed using probits and the maximum likehood method.
Residual Film Bioassay, 1989
Authors: Guerrero-Rodriguez E. , Paxtian-Hernandez J. , Aguirre-Uribe L. A.
Published: March 2022

The responses of second instar nymphs and adults of fowl tick to chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, coumaphos, trichlorfon and lindane in commercial formulations were measured after 48 h in laboratory bioassays. Ticks were collected from La Aurora, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Vials, measuring 5 cm high X 6 cm diameter, were treated with 1 ml of water solution and rotated until dry. Ten to 15 ticks were placed inside each vial, and plugged with cotton cloth, with a total of 40 ticks used in each trial. Five doses of each product were evaluated. Vials were held at 25°C ± 2°C and mortality was recorded after 48 h. Ticks were considered dead if they failed to respond to touch. Mortality data were subjected to probit analysis to derive LC50 and LC95 values.
Evaluation of Reduced Rates and Reduced Rates Plus Dipel for Pinworm Control, 1977
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were planted with seed-lings (1 plant/ft) June 15, 1977, in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single, 15-ft-long row on a 6-ft center. There were 4 replications per treatment in a completely random design. Treatments were applied weekly from June 17 to July 29 with a tractor-mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row. They were applied at a pressure of 250 psi in 100 gal water/A. Chevron Spray Sticker was used with all treatments at the rate of 0.5 pt/100 gal. On August 3 the number of live K. lycoperscella larvae per leaf of 10 randomly selected leaves (fourth fully expanded leaf from terminal) per plot were counted. The pinworm population was smaller than normal. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used to separate treatment means.
Red-Necked Peanutworm Control in Dryland Peanuts, 1977
Authors: Berberet Richard C.
Published: March 2022

Peanuts were planted on May 25 with 36 inch row spacing in light, sandy soil. A preplant application of Balan was incorporated for weed control. Insecticides were applied on July 29 on 4 row X 50 ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Materials were applied through 2 nozzles over each row and total volume of 20 gal/acre at 25 psi. Bravo and Terraclor 10G were used to control foliar and soil fungi, respectively. Samples consisted of 30 terminals/plot collected randomly from the middle 2 rows. Terminals were examined in the laboratory to determine the number of live larvae present. This figure was converted to larvae/row ft based on terminal counts made over the experimental area.
Evaluation of Insecticides to Control Scale on Timothy in Washington, 1977
Authors: Pike Keith S.
Published: March 2022

Eight insecticides were evaluated at Badger Basin in Kittitas County on timothy-alfalfa. Insecticides were applied to 8 x 25 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 3 replications. Sprays were applied on June 7 with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a bicycle-wheeled carriage, using 40 psi pressure and applying 32.5 gal/acre. Timothy height was 2 to 3 ft. The plots were evaluated on June 29 by rating the abundance of scale/ft2 in each plot using a scale of 1 to 6 [1= no crawler or mature scale; 2=no crawlers, a few mature scale (<10); 3=occasional crawler (1 to 2), 10 to 20 mature scale; 4= 2 to 10 crawlers, 10 to 20 mature scale; 5=11 to 50 crawlers, 20 to 50 mature scale; 6=>50 crawlers, > 50 mature scale].
Space Fumigation Tests Against Selected Greenhouse Pests, 1977
Authors: Webb Ralph E. , Cowley Bryant M.
Published: March 2022

Pesticidal dusts (May 3), aerosols (May 4), or ULV fogs (May 5) were tested as space fumigants against selected greenhouse pests held either on host plants or in insect rearing media in 1100-ft sealed trailers. Doors were opened 10 min after the pesticide was released, and insects were removed from the trailers after 30 min. Temperature during the test ranged from 22° to 32° C. Dusts were preweighed and introduced from outside through the rear door; aerosols and EC’s were released by an applicator from within the trailer. Dusts were formulated in HiSil 233 and propelled by CO2; aerosols were formulated with Freon or water plus propane/isobutane. EC’s were commercial formulations and were applied with a Micro-Gen sprayer.
Scots Pine,

P

.

Approximatus

Control, Illinois, 1977
Authors: Appleby J. E. , Farris M. , Randell R.
Published: March 2022

An acre planting of 16-year-old Scots pine was selected in Pope County, Illinois for evaluating the efficacy of treatments applied to pine stumps to prevent weevil infestations in the stumps. A total of 45 trees were felled in December, 1976, leaving stumps of 3-5 inches in height. The felled trees were removed from the site and burned. On March 25 each treatment was applied onto 9 stumps using a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied using knapsack sprayers and each stump was covered thoroughly. On May 16 selected stumps were retreated. On June 20 the bark of each stump was removed and the number of cocoons counted from each stump. The height and diameter of each stump was taken and the number of cocoons per sq ft of stump surface was calculated.
Fall Armyworm Control in Louisiana Pastures, 1976-77
Authors: Wilson B. H. , Farlow R. A.
Published: March 2022

Relatively low rates of test chemicals were tested in several individual field tests. Plot size ranged from 12 x 60 ft in hand treated tests to 5 - 10 acres in airplane and tractor applications. All plots were sampled with a standard 15 inch sweep net. Test population densities ranged from 6.0/sweep to 27.0/sweep. Treatment replications varied from 2 to 4 in individual tests.
Evaluation Of SumithionR as a Protectant for Dried Fruits and Tree Nuts
Authors: Soderstrom E. L. , Brandl D. G.
Published: March 2022

Insects were reared and tested at 26.7±1°C and 60% RH. Thompson variety raisins were treated with SumithionR by placing calculated (wt/wt) concentrations diluted in 5 ml of tap water into 0.5 kg lots of field-run raisins in 3.8 liter glass jars and tumbling the jars at 30 rpm for 30 min. Control raisins had 5 ml of tap water placed thereon. After the sealed jars had been held for 1 day or for 3, 6, 9, or 12 mo., they were opened, and lots of 50 g raisins were placed in a 500 ml paper container with 25 0- to 2- week old adults of a species. The test was replicated 10 times for each concentration. Mortality was determined after 45 days.
Blatticides for Cockroach Control, 1977
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted in 74.3-m2 (800-ft2) apartments in a complex of several two-story stucco buildings, each with 7-10 living units. Pre- and posttreatment infestation levels were determined by trapping in each apartment with two 0.95-liter, wide-mouth jars baited with a slice of fresh white bread. Each trap contained ca. 30 g powdered dry clay (Olancha) to capture and kill cockroaches attracted to the bread. A trap was placed behind or next to the stove or refrigerator. Both traps were left in place 7 days. The contents of the traps were screened (20 mesh) and counted. Apartments were trapped 1 wk before treatments were applied and periodically up to 12 wks posttreatment. The degree of control was based on comparisons of trap catches before and after treatment (Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test). Approximately 0.9 liter (1 qt) finish spray/apt. was applied to runoff from a 3.9-liter (1-gal) B&G compression sprayer equipped with a Spraying Systems Co. Multeejet fan nozzle (No. 800067). Dilute synergized pyrethrins in petroleum solvent (1 sec. spray/cabinet = ca. 62 g spray/apt.) applied from pressurized cans were used in some apartments as a flushing agent 20 min after test sprays were applied.
Chickens, Evaluation of SD 43775 Water Dispersible Liquid for the Control of Ornithonyssus Sylviarum (C&F) on Cage Layers, 1977
Authors: Combs Robert L.
Published: March 2022

Chickens (200) with a heavy infestation of northern fowl mite were individually selected from a cage-layer house at Starkville, Mississippi. Population determination for initial selection and for rating throughout the test was scored on parting of the feathers in 3 areas below the vent. Scoring system used was: 0 = no mites, L = less than 10 mites, M = more than 10 mites, and H = mites too numerous to count. Scores were recorded for each bird at time of selecting birds, 1 week later, 1 day pre-treatment, 1 and 3 days posttreatment, and at weekly intervals for 9 weeks posttreatment. Three groups were treated with a 10% water dispersible liquid formulation of SD 43775. Group A (44 birds) a concentration of 0.0125% (a.i.), group B (43 birds) a concentration of 0.025% (a.i.), and group C (43 birds) was treated with a concentration of 0.05% (a.i.). Group D (41 birds) was treated with a concentration of 0.5% (a.i.) of 80% carbaryl WP.
Apple, Insecticide Tests, 1977
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J. , Thomas John H.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied dilute with a Bean, 35 gallon per minute sprayer operating at 540 psi to 20 year old Rome trees. The trees were sprayed to run-off. The treatments were applied to single trees and replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made 6 times on the following dates: May 12 (except azinphosmethyl), May 25, June 16, July 6 and 22, and August 10. Other materials used during the season were: Captan (6 applications), Captan Topsin M (1 application), and Dikar (1 application). These fungicide applications were made to all treatments at 3X concentrations (100 gal/acre). At harvest time, September 22 and 23, 250 apples (50/rep) were examined for injury and finish rating.
Apple, Variegated Leafroller Suppression with Two Bacillus Thuringiensis Formulations and Guthion, 1977
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Parrella M. P. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F.
Published: March 2022

Sprays of Dipel 3.2W, .56 kg/ha and Thuricide HPC, 7.015 litresAa were applied to one side of each row of trees in two separate 1.6 ha. plots at Massies Mill, VA on June 3, 13, 23 and 27’77. The side of the row sprayed was alternated on each successive spray date. The Golden Delicious trees on MM106 rootstock were 6 years old, well pruned and uniform in size. All experimental materials were applied with a “Swanson” air blast sprayer with 6.5 kg/cm2 pump pressure that delivered 467.68 litres per ha at 3.2 km per hour. The standard 9.6 ha “grower sprayed” block was also treated with the alternate row spraying technique. A “Bean speed sprayer” calibrated to deliver 1870.76 litres per ha was the commercial sprayer unit ;used. Following the application of the four B. thuricide treatments Imidan 50W and Zolone 25W were used to contain the leafroller populations for the remainder of the season. Spray schedules are pre-sented in Table 1. Leafroller larvae found in a three minute search period on each of four trees per plot on June 6, July 7 and 29, and August 10 and 23 were averaged and are presented in Table 2 as larvae per minute of search. There was a slight drop in the number of larvae per minute following the August 9 application of Zolone 50W to the thuricide block but no such decrease followed an August 5 application of Imidan to the Dipel treated plot. On August 23, 5 samples of 100 apples each were taken from each plot and examined for leafroller injury. Data were recorded as percent damaged fruit.
Apple, Insecticide Test, 1977
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Travis James W. , Asquith Dean
Published: March 2022

Due to severe infestations of the rosy apple aphid during 1977, various insecticide trials were conducted to select the materials that could be used for controlling this insect. Insecticides were applied by 3 different application methods to established populations. The 3 types of sprayers and amounts/acre were: (1) Friend Airmaster 393 (50 gal/acre): (2) John Bean High pressure sprayer, 35 gpm pump (ca. 400 gal/acre, amounts expressed per 100 gal in Tables); (3) Agtec Sprayall 3002 (20 gal/acre). Various orchard-blocks were involved in the tests dependent on where populations of the rosy apple aphid were severe. All treatments were replicated at least 3 times. Effectiveness of the materials on the rosy apple aphid was evaluated by examining 10 infested leaf clusters/replicate and determining the percent injured leaves/cluster, the number of leaves with 1-10 live aphids, and the number of leaves with 11+ live aphids. Various predators of the rosy apple aphid were collected from some of the treatments and their identification and tolerance to the treatments were determined.
Methods of Evaluating Insecticides for Control of Plum Curculio, 1975
Authors: Yonce Carroll E.
Published: March 2022

Three methods were used to evaluate 23 insecticides against adults of the Georgia strain of laboratory-reared plum curculios. All tests were conducted in a screened insectary during May and June under constant flourescent light with unsexed beetles 1-3 weeks old. Method I involved dipping thinning apples into aqueous preparations of insecticides that contained 0.03% Tween 20. After drying, apples were divided equally among three 16-oz cups. After 0 or 4 days, 20 beetles/cup were confined with water wicks in the cups which were covered with cheesecloth. Percentage mortalities after exposure to each residue (3 reps) were averaged for each dose of each insecticide. Method II involved immersion of adult beetles (20/cup) in aqueous preparations of insecticides containing 0.03% Tween 20. After drying, beetles were placed with several clean thinning apples in cups and covered as previously described. Percentage mortalities (3 reps) were averaged after 4 days. Method II was designed to determine effectiveness of residues of foliar sprays in the field. Individual peach trees were sprayed (3 reps); then after 0 or 4 days, branches were brought to the insectary and placed in screen cages with the stem of each branch inserted into a florist’s water vial to keep foliage fresh.
Blueberry Maggot Control, 1977
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

In an abandoned blueberry field at Turner, Maine, test materials were first applied to 3 x 4 ft plots when 3-5% of the berries were ripening and turning blue. Replicates A-C were treated on July 6, 15, 20, and 26 and D-F on July 11, 15, and 26. Dusts were placed into test tubes and applied onto the plots with a bicycle hand pump; a cage covered with clear plastic and located over the plot during the dusting was used to confine the dust to the plot. Trithion EC, Guthion, and Dylox were each mixed with water added at a rate of 50 gal per acre and sprayed onto the plots with a hand sprayer. No other pesticides were applied ito the plots. There were 6 replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with each block being generally located on a single blueberry clone. On August 12 all berries were raked from each plot and processed for maggots by boiling the berries and extracting the maggots from the pulp. Generally there were 3-7 oz of berries per plot. July was very dry and maggot population pressure in this field was fairly severe.
Control of Foliar form Grape Phylloxera in Ohio, 1977
Authors: Williams Roger N.
Published: March 2022

Ten insecticides were evaluated for control of grape phylloxera at Wooster. Plots consisted of 2 Clinton vines with 4 replications per treatment in randomized blocks. Vine spacing was 9 ft between rows and 8 ft in the row. Granule formulations were applied on June 16 and incorporated into soil 1.5 ft away from the vine row and 1.5 ft outside the end vines, in the form of an ellipse around the plot. Granules were distributed uniformly in the bottom of a 1.5-inch furrow and covered with soil as soon as applied. Soil was moderately dry at time of application so granular treatments were watered in as soon as they were covered with soil. The first application of all aqueous treatments was made on June 20, using a Hudson 6209, 2-gal Favorite sprayer at 40 psi. The second application date for all spray treatments, except as indicated in table, was on July 6 using a CO2 constant pressure sprayer with an 8002 E fan type nozzle at 40 psi. Sprays were applied to vines at rate of 100 gal per acre.
Pecan, Pecan Nut Casebearer Management, 1977
Authors: Harris Marvin K. , Ring Dennis
Published: March 2022

Test blocks were extablished at Hidden Valley Farms near Hamilton, TX in Hamilton County in March, 1977. Each block consisted of at least 10 trees. Pretreatment monitoring of pecan nut development and pecan nut casebearer activity were carried out to time treatment application by examining developing shoots for overwintering generation larvae and later inspecting flowers and nutlets for egg deposition and 1st summer generation larval entry. The overwintering population was very light and only a few larvae and pupae were found with the latter encountered the first week in May. Treatments were applied on 18 May 1977 and evaluated on 2 June 1977. Torak was considered to be the treatment standard in the test. All chemicals were applied with a 500 gallon capacity John Bean Speed Sprayer as a dilute solution sprayed on the foliage to the point of runoff. No phytotoxicity to foliage or nuts was noted from the materials used.
Aerial Application of Bacillus Thuringiensis for Control of Fall Webworm and Walnut Caterpillar, 1976
Authors: Tedders W. L. , Ellis H. C.
Published: March 2022

A commercial formulation of Bacillusthuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (HD-1), Dipel (3.2% Al (16,000 IU/mg)) + 1% molasses aqueous solution was applied as an erial spray to a single block of about 10 A of mature pecan trees of mixed variety near Cordele, Georgia. Treatments were applied with a North American Rockwell Thrush Commander aircraft equipped with a Spray Systems spray system having 44 nozzles with No. 5 Whirljet tips. The aircraft was flown at 120 mi/hr applying approximately 10 gallons of spray per acre. Ten acres in the same pecan orchard (separated from the untreated area by a highway) served as an untreated check. Prior to treatment, populations of fall webworm and walnut caterpillar were fairly evenly distributed throughout the 20 A orchard.
Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm Control on Cabbage, 1977
Authors: Canceladoand Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

’Late Flat Dutch’ cabbage was planted May 11 in the greenhouse and transplanted into the field June 10 at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Plots were a single row 17 ft long, spaced 40 inches apart, with 18-inch in-row plant spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. The insecticides were applied July 22 and August 11 with a 2-gal, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer in 137 gal water/acre at ca 40 psi. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of cabbage looper and imported cabbageworm larvae on 7 plants/plot. Counts were made on July 25 and August 12.
Cabbage Looper Control on Head Lettuce, 1977
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on ‘Empire’ head lettuce grown on Laveen clay loam at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station. Pelleted seed was planted in a dry seed bed on August 25, 1977, with a Stanhay precision planter. Planting was on 40-inch-wide beds with 2 seed rows per bed. Plots were 4 beds wide by 25 ft long and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block. Sprays were applied with a CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer, operating at 55 psi and applying 35 gallons of spray mixture per acre. Initially sprays were applied with a boom having 1 hollow-cone nozzle per plant row. As the plants became larger, 2 hollow-cone nozzles per row were used for better coverage. Sprays were applied on September 20, 27, October 4, 13, 20, and 27. All plots were treated on September 6, with Lannate at 0.45 lb ai/acre to protect the seedling stand. Insect counts for cabbage looper eggs and larvae were made by examining 10 plants picked at random from the middle 2 beds of each plot.
Sweet Pepers, Insect Control, 1976
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A.
Published: March 2022

‘California Wonder’ peppers were transplanted on May 3, 1976, near Dunn, North Carolina. Plots consisted of paired rows, 200 ft long, and were replicated 3 times. A series of Furadan 10G split applications (20 + 30 lb) were made using a Demco applicator mounted on a row buster. On August 14, counts were made for European corn borer, corn earworm, and tobacco hornworm.
Control of Sweetpotato Flea Beetle Larvae on Sweet Potatoes, 1978
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

Goldmar sweet potato sprouts were planted in 3-row plots (32 inch row spacing), 45-ft in length, on Jun 1‘78. Plant population was approximately 14,000 plants/A. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All chemicals were applied broadcast with a shaker can. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Preplant treatments were applied May 31 and were incorporated 4-5 inches into the soil with a single disc-ing. Soil temperature at the 4 inch depth at the time of preplant application was 27°C. Postplant treatments were applied over the foliage at root-swell on Jul 24. Yield data were taken from 3 sections of row, 30 feet in length. At harvest time 100 roots/treatmenr/replicarion were selected at random and examined for flea beetle larvae injury (shallow writing on the roots).
Control of Wireworm on Sweet Potatoes, 1975
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘California’ sweet potato sprouts were planted on May 22‘75 in 3 row plots (32 inch row spacing) 40 feet in length. Plant population was approximately 14,000 plants/A. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. The pre-plant granular materials were broadcast overall with a shaker can and disced into the top 4-5 inches of soil. Soil temperature at the 4 inch depth at the time of preplant application was 24°C. The preplant treatment of Bay SRA 12869 (6EC) was applied as a broadcast spray with a wheelbarrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The material was mixed in 2.0 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/A with 40 psi. Preplant treatments were applied May 19‘75. The diazinon post-plant treatment was applied broadcast on Jul 18‘75 with a shaker can over the foliage when the roots began to enlarge. Yield data were taken from 3 sections of row, 30 feet long. At harvest time 100 roots/treatment/replication were selected at random and examined for wireworm injury.
Control of Wireworm on Sweet Potatoes, 1977
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘Goldmar’ sweet potato sprouts were planted in 3 row plots (32-inch row spacing), 45-ft in length, on May 27‘77. Plant population was approximately 14,000 plants/A. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All chemicals were applied broadcast with a shaker can. The soil was a Norflok “A” loamy sand. Preplant treatments were applied May 25 and were incorporated 3-5 inches into the soil with a single discing. Soil tern perature at the 4 inch depth at the time of preplant application was 23°C. Post-plant treatments were applied over the foliage at root-swell on Jul 21 . Yield data were taken from 3 sections of row, 30 feet in length. At harvest time 100 roots/treatment/replication were selected at random and examined for wireworm injury.
Evaluation of Reduced Rates and Reduced Rates Plus Dipel, Used on Demand, for Pinworm Control, 1978
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were direct seeded Dec 20‘77 in Rockdale soil. Plants were thinned to 1 plant per ft. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15-ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and drip irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatment decisions were made weekly based on tomato pinworm counts. These weekly counts were taken by counting the no. of pinworm mines on the 3 expanded top leaves on 10 plants per plot. If the mean no. of mines per plant was 1 or more for a particular treatment, the insecticide was applied that week. They were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water per acre. Chevron Spray Sticker was used at the rate of 0.5 pt per 100 gal water. Mature green to ripe fruit was harvested on Apr 28. The fruit was graded and the marketable fruit sized into 4 categories (extra large, large, medium and small). The culls were subdivided into 5 categories (blemished, rots, pinworm, fruitworm, and cutworm). The pinworm build-up was about 2 mo. later than normal; thus, the first treatments were needed on Mar 22. The fruitworm is not usually a pest of tomatoes in S. Fla., but was present during late spring of 1978. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
New Seeding Alfalfa Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY, on Saranac alfalfa. Crop was seeded and treated May 19’78 in a randomized block design of 3 replications (plot size 10 ft x 10 ft). Pre-plant broadcast systemic granular applications were made to seed bed after Eptam applied and incorporated (land fitted well). Seeding and fertilizer incorporated lightly into 1 inch of topsoil. At planting, winds were calm on a clear day; air temperature was 75°F, and soil temperature 66°F.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1978
Authors: Gesell Stanley G.
Published: March 2022

The test field located on the Rock Springs Agricultural Experiment Station Farm had been in continuous corn for five years. The mean root rating on untreated plants grown in the test field in 1977 was 3.15. The corn was conventional-til I planted in 30 inch single row plots each 40 feet long with 4 replications arranged in a randomized block design. Seven insecticides were compared by rate, site of application, or formulation.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larvae Control, 1978
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E. , Roskamp G. K. , Wittier Kyle
Published: March 2022

Experimental soil insecticides to control larvae of the corn root-worm were evaluated in 6 field locations in Illinois during 1978. Corn plots were planted on April 15 at Parkland College, April 26, 27 at Western Illinois University, May 2 at Cerro Gordo, May 19 at Raritan, and May 20 at Cisco. All experiments were in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. Indivisual plots were one row approximately 90 ft long on 30 in. centers. Applications were applied over the row in a 7-in. incorporated band. Treatments were evaluated by stand counts, root damage ratings (Iowa 1-6 system), and percent lodging. The differences in the data were calculated by analysis of variance and the means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Effect of Selected Compounds on Thrips Infestation in Cotton, 1977
Authors: Williams B. R. , Boquet D. J. , Walker D. M.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 acid delinted seeds were planted on April 26‘77 at 5 seed per feet of row in a commerce silt loam soil. Treatments were placed in plots 4 rows (40-inch) by 60 ft and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular applications were hand applied with shaker type applicators to the top of rows and immediately incorporated to a 2 to 3 inch depth. Nemagon was injected into the row at a depth of 8 inches on April 19. Nemacur was applied as an in-furrow treatment at planting. Seed treatments were applied to measured amounts of seeds from the same lot one day prior to planting. Foliar insecticide applications were made on May 12 and 23 with an International Cub tractor equipped with a compressed air spray system with 1 X-3 hollow-cone spray tip per row delivering 2.6 gpa at 3.8 mph and 40 psi.
Midge Control on Guar, Chillicothe, Texas, 1978
Authors: Meinke Lance J. , Slosser J. E.
Published: March 2022

Three rates of methyl parathion were compared with the registered Diazinon® rate of 0.5 lb ai/acre for guar midge control. ‘Kinman’ guar was planted June 14 at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at Chillicothe. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows wide, on 40-inch centers, by 100 ft long; and blocks were separated by cleared 25 ft alleys. Plots were sampled semi-weekly to monitor larval populations in guar buds. By August 10 all plots had reached an average of 30% bud infestation, the economic threshold. Insecticide applications were made in early morning of August 11 with a tractor mounted spray rig. With 1 nozzle/row the sprayer delivered 8.6 gal/acre at 60 psi. Plants were examined for phytotoxicity symptoms on August 15. No rainfall occurred during the post-treatment sampling period.
Laboratory Evaluation of Granular Insecticides Applied as A Paddy-Water Broadcast for Rice Leafhopper and Planthopper Control. IRRI Laboratory, 1977
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L.
Published: March 2022

Granular formulation of insecticides at the rate of 0.5 kg ai/ha were placed in porcelain pots containing 45-day-old plants. Ten adult females of each hopper species were caged on a plant at 1,7, and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Mortality was determined at 48 hours after caging.
Insecticides Evaluation for Velvetbean Caterpillar Control
Authors: Gazzoni Décio L. , de Oliveira Edilson B.
Published: March 2022

During the 1976-77 and 77-78 seasons, in counties surrounding Londrina, State of Parana, Brazil, 57 insecticides were tested in 20 field trials. In November 76 and November/December 77, the insecticides, at several rates, were applied using a costal sprayer delivering ca 65 l/ha, on plots (6 rows, 8 m long, 0,55 spacing) bordered by two buffer rows. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with four replications. All experiments, except 1,2, and 3, had 11 treatments. The plots were sampled 2 and 7 days after spraying, except for Bacillusthuringiensis and Diflubenzuron treatments, which were sampled 3 days after application. The samplings, in number of 4 per plot, were made using the ground cloth method. The larvae in 1st and 2nd instars were considered small larvae (SL) and the 3rd - 6th instars were considered large larvae (LL). The percent of efficiency (PE) of the insecticides was determined by the Abbott’s formula. The statistical analysis was performed using the transformation x + 0.5.
Tobacco Insect Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Semtner Paul J.
Published: March 2022

‘McNair 944’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted at 20-inch spacing and in 4 ft row spacing on May 25’78. Treatment plots 4 rows wide and 40 ft long were established in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Blocks were separated by 5 and 12 ft alleys. Treatments were applied as sprays to prepared fine sandy loam soil using a CO2-powered, back-pack sprayer equipped with a spraying systems 1/4 SS Whirl Jet nozzle and delivering 25 gal/A at 30 spi. Granules were applied broadcast with a Cyclone TM narrow spread seeder. Treatments were incorporated by disking less than 1 hour after application. Transplant water treatments were applied in 200 gal of water/acre. Soil temperature at 4 inches was 78°F. Insect control and yield data were taken from the 2-center rows from each plot. Insect counts were made every 2 weeks. Tobacco horn-worms were counted on all plants in the 2 center rows, while tobacco flea beetles and green peach aphids were counted on 10 plants/plot. Plots were irrigated when soil moisture was low.
English Grain Aphid Control in Wheat, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L.
Published: March 2022

Eight insecticides were evaluated for aphid control on maturing wheat. The aphid populations at time of treatment, May 23’77, averaged 102/head in Check I and 127/head in Check II. Wheat was harvested two weeks after treatment. Treatment plots were 10 x 10 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Sprays were applied with a ‘back-pack’ hand held CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 30 psi. Aphids were sampled on May 26. Ten random wheat head samples were taken from each plot and the number of aphids/head recorded.
Aphid Control on Spring Wheat, Royal Slope, Washington, 1978
Authors: Pike K.S.
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted on a late maturing (kernals milky ripe), irrigated spring wheat. Plots were treated on July 12. Foliar sprays were applied using a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a bicycle-wheeled carriage, calibrated to deliver 50 gpa at 40 psi. Dyfonate 10G treatments were hand applied by evenly shaking preweighed doses of granules over the plots. Temperature at the time of application was 77°F. Plots were 4 rows wide on 12-inch centers, 20 feet in length, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. On July 14, 20 stems (18 inches in length, head included)/replicate were sampled at random from the center rows. Efficacy was based on total aphids/20 stems. Plots were harvested for yield, August 21.
Toxicities of Topically Applied Insecticides to Western Spruce Budworm, 1977
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L , Look Melvin , Crisp Carl E.
Published: March 2022

Topical application tests to determine the toxicities of 16 insecticides were conducted on 6th instar western spruce budworm. Toxicities were compared to that of a standard, mexacarbate. Insects tested were from the 68th generation of a nondiapausing laboratory colony. Five concentrations serially diluted from a freshly prepared concentrate were used in each of 3 replications of each test. All chemicals were applied in reagent grade acetone. Treatment was performed with an ISCO model M microapplicator equipped with a 1/4 cc tuberculin syringe. A dose rate of I 1/100 mg body weight was used to apply the insecticide to the thoracic dorsa of CO2 anesthetized larvae weighing 70-110 mg. After treatment, larvae fed upon artificial diet. Mortality was tallied after 7 days.
Honeylocust, Honeylocust Plant Bug and Leafhopper Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were evaluated for control of the honeylocust plant bug and leafhopper between May 10 and June 6’ 1978. Sunburst honeylocust trees 10-12 feet high were utilized in a randomized block design and replicated three times. Only alternate trees were used to avoid spray drift. All treatments except Medicaps and a soil drench of MetaSystox R, were foliar treatments made with a Spartan sprayer operating at 125 psi. Medicaps were implanted in the basal portion of the trunk at 4 inch intervals. MetaSystox R as a soil drench was applied in a ring cultivated in the dripline of the tree. The soil was then replaced and a gallon of water added to seal the insecticide in the soil. The trees were in the 1/2 inch bud stage at the time of treatment. The amount of plant bug and leafhopper damage was visually rated on June 29. On June 6, 1978 a sweep net was used to obtain samples of the numbers of leafhoppers and plant bugs on the trees. Six sweeps were made per plant and the detachable bag was placed in a killing jar. Later in the laboratory the numbers of plant bugs and leafhoppers was tabulated.
Honeylocust, Spring Cankerworm Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Spring cankerworm control was evaluated with five insecticides between May 10 and June 6, 1978. Sunburst honeylocust trees 10-12 feet high were utilized in a randomized block design and replicated three times. Only alternate trees were treated to avoid spray drift. All treatments, except Medicaps and MetaSyston-R were foliar treatments made with a Spartan sprayer operating at 125 psi. Medicaps were implanted in the basal portion of the tree trunk at 4 inch intervals. MetaSystox R as a soil drench was applied in a ring cultivated in the drip area of the tree. The soil was then replaced and a gallon of water added to seal the insecticide in the soil. On June 6, 1978 a beating cloth was placed beneath the tree and the numbers of spring cankerworm dislodged were counted. There was no evidence of phytotoxicity.
Ornamentals, Phytotoxicity, Indiana, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Eighteen insecticides were applied to 12 species and varieties of greenhouse plants to check on possible phytotoxicity effects. Individual potted plots comprised a plot in a randomized block design that was replicated three times. Foliar applications, except for Temik, were made on all plants with a one gallon B&G stainless steel compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. Premeasured amounts of Temik granules were scattered on the surface of the soil and watered in. The plants used were all in the greenhouse complex of the Indiana State Veterans Home, West Lafayette, Indiana. Treated plants were examined one, two and five days after treatment.
Chinch Bug and Sod Webworm Control in Bentgrass, 1978
Authors: Hellman John L. , Newton P. , Azarion G.
Published: March 2022

A seven year old nursery plot of Penncross bentgrass was selected for the test. The thatch layer varied from a thickness of 1/4 inch to 3/4 inch. At time of treatment the chinch bug injury was moderate to severe. Due to the limited size of the nursery plot, treatment plots were 5 x 5 ft. They were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatment precounts were made on Sept 14’78 when chinch bug counts averaged 21 nymphs and adults/4,5 inch plug and sod webworm averaged 1.2/4.5 inch plug sample. Granular treatment were applied by hand shaker can in two directions across the plot. The liquid treatments were applied in one gallon of water distributed in two directions with a hand sprinkling can. All treatments were watered into the thatch with a light hose watering. Post counts were made on Sept 21’78 by removing 4 randomly selected 4.5 inch dia. x 5 inch deep plugs within each plot. Each plug was shredded by hand and the number of webworms and chinch bugs recorded.
Leafhopper Control in Kentucky Bluegrass, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L. , Newton Perry
Published: March 2022

Seventeen insecticide treatments were applied June 21’77 to a four year old bluegrass commercial sod field that was moderately infested with leafhoppers. Treatment plots were 20 x 20 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Granular treatment of Mocap 5G was applied by hand shaker can; the remaining materials were applied by a drop type lawn spreader. Sprayable treatments were applied with a ‘sulky’ type CO2 boom sprayer at a rate of 30 gpa. The Orthene treatment was dispensed by a home garden pump sprayer. Plots were evaluated on June 23’77 by making 10 short pendular sweeps (12 inch dia net) per plot. Both adult and nymph counts were combined for analysis.
Insect Colonies: White Rats or White Elephants
Authors: Leppla N. C.
Published: March 2022

Laboratory-reared insects have become the entomologist’s “white rats” because they are uniform, relatively inexpensive, continuously available, and comparable to their counterparts in nature. Extraordinary technological advances in insect rearing have made it possible for many entomologists to depend on centralized insectaries for their experimental populations. This convenient separation of field and laboratory contexts is justified by the precision and efficiency of controlled experimentation; however, the value of this research is severely limited if the results are not directly applicable to field populations. Therefore, this brief report was prepared to proffer strategies and identify resources for developing suitable colonies, maintaining them efficiently, and employing them appropriately for testing insecticides and other chemicals used to control arthropods.
Cattle, Swine, Chicken, House Fly, Efficacy of Insect Growth Regulators Against Larval Diptera, Dimilin and CGA-19255, 1976
Authors: Barker R.W.
Published: March 2022

Dimilin or CGA-19255 (0,17,34,67, or 670 mg ai/m2) was incorporated into 900 g of freshly collected bovine, swine, or poultry manure in a clay plate (25 cm i.d. x 5 cm) by adding the chemical in 50 ml of water. Each plate was seeded with 0.25 g of 1st instar house fly larvae from the laboratory colony, fitted with screen mesh conical emergence cages and held for 20 days at 25°C. There were 3 replications of each dose.
Cattle, Lice Control, 1978
Authors: Lloyd J.E.
Published: March 2022

Y-TexR Tick Tags (Y-Tex Corp., Cody, WY), containing 10% chlorpyrifos were applied to Hereford steer calves on Mar 14’78. The cattle originated at several locations in eastern Wyoming. They were randomly assigned to pens of 10 animals each. Two pens of steers received an ear tag in the right ear, 2 pens received ear tags in both ears, and 1 pen received no treatment. All cattle were inspected prior to treatment on Mar 14 and then Apr 13’78. Lice inspection areas were 3, 6-inch hair parts on the head, brisket, neck, backline and rump-tailhead. Viable lice were determined posttreatment by microscopic examination.
Hog Louse Controlwith Fenvalerate, 1978
Authors: Gerhardt R. R. , Mullens B. A.
Published: March 2022

Three concentrations of fenvalerate (SD 43775) 10% WDL in water (0.05%, 0.025% and 0.01%) were applied on Feb 1’78 to sows in a confinement farrowing barn. Each treatment consisted of 6 sows. The 0.01% treatment was in the same row of stalls as the control; the 0.025% and 0.05% treatments were across a median isle from the control. The insecticide was applied to individual sows at the rate of 473 ml/animal with a 7.6 litre CO2 pressurized sprayer and a NC20 nozzle at 1.41 kg/cm2. Distilled water was used on the control animals. Evaluation was made by counting adult lice on the face, ears, neck, dorsal mid-line, and approximately the dorsal half of the sides. Louse eggs were observed on all sows both pre- and post-treatment.
Apple, Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Mouzin T. E. , Reed D. K.
Published: March 2022

Penick SBP 1513 EC and SBP1513 TEC (Transparent Emulsifiable Concentrate) were evaluated using 3 replications of 18 trees (6 ‘Jonathon,’ 6 ‘Red Delicious,’ and 6 ‘Golden Delicious’). Treatments were applied at 2 rates and Phosmet at 0.5 lb a.i./lOO gal was used as a standard. Applications were made with a John Bean Sprayer at 400-450 psi at 5 gal/tree on May 15, 29, Jun 9, 21, Jul 5, 18, and Aug 1, 15, and 25. Fruit damage ratings were determined by picking 200 fruit at random from each treatment and examining for damage, once during the season and once at harvest time.
Control of Peach Tree Borer, 1978
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

A 7-yr-old peach orchard of mixed varieties was used in this test. General soil conditions were extremely rocky, and infestations occurred near the soil surface where new soil had been hauled in at the time of planting. The plots consisted of four 4-tree replicates, randomized throughout the test block, giving a total of 16 trees per plot. The trunks, crotches, and ground around the base of the trees were sprayed using a hand gun at 400 to 600 psi. One to 1 -1/2 gallons of spray material were applied per tree. Infestation levels were determined by counting new frass entries visible on the trunks after removing soil approximately 5 inches deep from around the base of the trees. Soil was replaced before treatment.
Effects of Miticides on Peach Silver Mite and a Predacious Mite, 1978
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

A 12-yr-old Early Redhaven peach block in Yakima, Washington, was used in this test. Low populations of McDaniel spider mite and European red mite were present in the orchard. All plots were sprayed to the point of drip with hand guns at 400 to 500 psi. Plots consisted of four single-tree replicates randomized throughout the block. Samples of mites were taken at weekly intervals by collecting 25 leaves/tree or 100 leaves/plot. Leaves were brushed with a mite brushing machine and mites counted under a binocular microscope.
Pecan, Yellow Pecan Aphid and Leaf Scorch Mite Control, 1977
Authors: Polles S. G.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted at Shaw, Mississippi. The experiment was a completely random design with single-tree plots replicated 10 times. Application of the test materials was made on Aug 15 with a John Bean 757 sprayer calibrated to deliver 12 gal spray per tree. Evaluation was made on Aug 23 and 29 by counting the aphids present on 30 randomly selected leaflets per tree.
Pecan, Yellow Pecan Aphid and Leaf Scorch Mite Control, 1978
Authors: Polles S. G.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted at Cleveland, MS. Four rates of Temik and an untreated check were tested in single-tree plots each replicated four times. Application was made on Jun 14 with an Easy-Flow applicator; then the insecticide was incorporated lightly with a drag harrow. The four rates were applied on the basis of tree-trunk-per-inch-diameter. On several dates after application, the mites and aphids present on 20 leaflets and 50 leaflets per plot, respectively, were counted.
Pecan, Walnut Caterpillar Control, 1978
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , Ree Bill , Hart Dottie
Published: March 2022

Infested trees in a pecan orchard located 2 miles west of Stillwater, Oklahoma, were treated on Jun 29. Application equipment consisted of a John Bean 55 sprayer, series L-155 and a 785 John Bean Spraymasterdeluxe gun which delivered 1.76 gal/min of finish spray at 300 psi. Infested areas of trees were sprayed until runoff. Treatments were randomized and replicated four times. Temperature at time of application was 85°F and the wind velocity was 0 to 5 mph. Pretreatment and posttreatment counts were determined by examining the foliage of an area of the tree that had been found to be infested. Larval populations were estimated at these locations for pretreatment and posttreatment counts. Larval size at time of treatment ranged from one-half to three-fourths inch in length.
Cabbage, Cabbage Caterpillar Control, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B.
Published: March 2022

Cabbages were transplanted Mar 30’77. Plots were 2 rows, 50-ft in length with 3-ft between rows, and replicated 4 times in randomized complete blocks. Soil was a loamy sand and received 4.5 in rain + 7 in irrigation Plots were sprayed Apr 21, 29, May 5, 12, 19 and 26 using a tractor mounted boom, 3 nozzles/row, 50 psi, 50 gal/A. The no. of caterpillars were counted on 10 plants/plot on Apr 28 and May 17. On Jun 1, 20 plants/plot were scored for feeding damage using a 0-5 scale (0 = no damage, 1-2 = light to moderate damage to outer leaves, 3, 4, 5 = light, moderate, severe damage, resp. to head leaves).