bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attending to Latour’s Militaristic Rhetoric and Politics “With Other Means”
Authors: Nelson Lee Claiborne
Published: December 2022

While much has been written on Latour’s politics and use of militaristic language, by attending to some of Latour’s lesser known or read writings, his political location within the traditional Left-Right spectrum becomes more discernable, as does the reason for his frequent resort to the language of war. This article does not seek to defend Latour’s politics or rhetoric, but to provide a corrective by incorporating, rather than taking distance from, his use of militaristic language. Doing so reveals an understanding of Latour’s project as having always been—if not traditionally Left—charting a different Leftist approach.
Gender and Regionalization in North America: From NAFTA to CUSMA and Beyond?
Authors: Macdonald Laura
Published: December 2022

The literature on world regions is largely gender-blind. This article suggests ways in which the study of regionalism can incorporate gender analysis, based on the case of North America. It argues that this can be done in three ways: through an examination of the gendered impact of regional integration; through an examination of how gender concerns are, or can be, mainstreamed into regional policies; and through research on new forms of feminist-inspired activism that may shape regional outcomes. After applying these perspectives to the case of North America and the new Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement, it argues that despite the failure of the Canadian government to achieve the inclusion of a gender chapter, the inclusion of language around gender discrimination in the labour chapter makes the new agreement a more effective (if still limited) tool for promotion of some forms of gender equality.
Creating Professional Learning Communities for Music Educators
Authors: Verdi Brian
Published: December 2022

Professional learning communities (PLCs) are a prominent form of high-quality professional development (PD) that can provide opportunities for teachers to collaborate, share teaching strategies, reflect on teaching practices, and create mutually supportive and collegial teaching environments. PLCs hold much promise as a PD model for music educators and as an effective way to improve student learning and reduce teacher isolation. Although professional teaching organizations and scholars support PLCs and teacher collaboration, most public schools do not provide opportunities for music educators to collaborate with their colleagues. This article emphasizes the need for collaboration among music teachers and offers viable strategies for administrators and music educators to create and implement PLCs within schools and districts.
Theory as the “North Star”: An Introduction to Race Theories for Music Education
Authors: Hess Juliet
Published: December 2022

To date, multiple U.S. states have passed legislation banning the teaching of critical race theory (CRT) and limiting teaching related to race, gender, CRT, and privilege under the umbrella term “divisive concepts.” Against this backdrop, I argue that while CRT is not taught in schools, as a theory, it provides a crucial analytical and pedagogical tool to music teachers who often grapple with racially charged situations in the classroom. I introduce tenets of CRT and antiracism and make an argument for the use of these theories to orient pedagogy.
Centring the periphery in urban studies: Notes towards a research agenda on peripheral centralities
Authors: Phelps Nicholas A , Maginn Paul J , Keil Roger
Published: December 2022

Based on presentations across two days as part of an Urban Studies Foundation-funded seminar series, we elaborate a thematic agenda for considering the centrality of urban peripheries. We move beyond a typology of suburban centres to depict senses of peripheral centrality in terms of: their pervasiveness; their visibility across multiple scales; their underlying social relations; the agency exerted in their imagining and production, and the associated policy mobility.
Pathways to democracy after authoritarian breakdown: Comparative case selection and lessons from the past
Authors: Lachapelle Jean , Hellmeier Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Mass movements that are able to overthrow a dictator do not always lead to democracy. Transition periods present narrow windows of opportunity in which activists face difficult decisions to build democracy and prevent authoritarian relapse. Existing scholarship offers limited guidance for pro-democracy forces because it focuses on unchangeable structural factors and cases with a known outcome. We propose an innovative approach for finding informative comparisons for ongoing transitions after authoritarian breakdowns. We quantify the similarity between all breakdowns caused by mass uprisings since 1945 based on their structural preconditions. We then apply our approach to Sudan’s ongoing transition and draw lessons from two similar cases: the Philippines in 1986 (successful democratization); and Burma/Myanmar in 1988 (failed democratization). Our analysis shows that structural factors are weak predictors of transition outcomes and that Sudan shares characteristics with cases of both failed and successful democratization. Therefore, democratic transition appears possible in Sudan.
Immigrants’ Life Satisfaction in Intermarriages with Natives: A Family Life Course Perspective
Authors: Gawron Annegret , Carol Sarah
Published: December 2022

What role do intermarriages (i.e., interethnic marriages) play in immigrants’ life satisfaction? Only a few studies have addressed this question. While intermarriages are associated with upward mobility for immigrants, they are more likely to get divorced than intramarriages (i.e., marriages among co-ethnics), which suggests either a positive or negative association between intermarriage and immigrants’ life satisfaction. Drawing on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (1984–2018), we estimate three-level hybrid models to investigate immigrants’ life satisfaction in inter- compared to intramarriages across the family life course. After controlling for socioeconomic characteristics, we find that intermarried immigrants had lower life satisfaction, especially after the birth of their first child. This result suggests that the socialization of children might be a more contentious issue in intermarriages. Overall, these findings illustrate that marriage types and the life course should be considered in future studies on immigrants’ life satisfaction and integration.
A Multimethod Examination of Stress and Support among Sexual Minority Couples
Authors: Sullivan Timothy J. , O’Leary K. Daniel , Davila Joanne
Published: December 2022

Little is known about how sexual minority couples cope with experiences of discrimination related to sexual orientation, and whether such processes are different from the management of general life stressors. Using self-report and observational methods, we investigated differences in couple support processes by stressor type. A sample of 84 sexual minority couples ( M age = 25.4 years, SD = 4.0) completed self-report measures and two video-recorded discussions (one sexual orientation-related discrimination stressor and one general life stressor not related to sexual orientation) that were coded for observed dyadic coping and social support behavior. In self-report models, more frequent stressors experienced by either partner, regardless of type, were related to more negative dyadic coping behavior and more positive partner social support provision. Discrimination stressors were uniquely related to less positive evaluations of dyadic coping behavior, but this result did not hold when accounting for covariates and could have been confounded by age. In observed models, we found no differences in positive dyadic coping or positive social support behavior across stressor discussions, but we found significantly less negative dyadic coping behavior during discrimination stressor discussions. Future work should examine how adaptive support processes may influence relationship functioning.
The Association Between Prior Mental Health Service Utilization and Risk of Recidivism among Incarcerated Ontario Residents
Authors: Lebenbaum Michael , Kouyoumdjian Fiona , Huang Anjie , Kurdyak Paul
Published: December 2022

Background

There is mixed evidence on the link between mental health and addiction (MHA) history and recidivism. Few studies have examined post-release MHA care. Our objective was to examine the association between prior (pre-incarceration) MHA service use and post-release recidivism and service use.

Methods

We conducted a population-based cohort study linking individuals held in provincial correctional institutions in 2010 to health administrative databases. Prior MHA service use was assigned hierarchically in order of hospitalization, emergency department visit and outpatient visit. We followed up individuals post-release for up to 5 years for the first occurrence of recidivism and MHA hospitalization, emergency department visit and outpatient visit. We use Cox-proportional hazards models to examine the association between prior MHA service use and each outcome adjusting for prior correctional involvement and demographic characteristics.

Results

Among a sample consisting of 45,890 individuals, we found that prior MHA service use was moderately associated with recidivism (hazard ratio (HR): 1.20–1.50, all P < 0.001), with secondary analyses finding larger associations for addiction service use (HR range: 1.34–1.54, all P < 0.001) than for mental health service use (HR range: 1.09–1.18, all P < 0.001). We found high levels of post-release MHA hospitalization and low levels of outpatient MHA care relative to need even among individuals with prior MHA hospitalization.

Discussion

Despite a high risk of recidivism and acute MHA utilization post-release, we found low access to MHA outpatient care, highlighting the necessity for greater efforts to facilitate access to care and care integration for individuals with mental health needs in correctional facilities.
Robot navigation with predictive capabilities using graph learning and Monte Carlo tree search
Authors: Wang Yifan , Wei Yanling , Huang Xueliang , Gao Shan , Zou Hongyan
Published: December 2022

This article develops a prediction and path planning system based on the graph neural network to navigate a robot in a complex dynamic environment. In particular, the core of this method is to predict those aspects of the future that are directly relevant for planning, including their value, state, and policy. A graph neural network-based method is introduced to encode the interaction between the robot and the surrounding environment. Then, the dynamic model of the environment is learned through the model-based reinforcement learning, and the path is planned using the Monte Carlo tree search method according to the learned model. Finally, simulation studies are given to evaluate the validity and advantage of the obtained algorithm compared with the most recent methods. It has been shown that the proposed method achieves a higher success rate within a less time. Meantime, the oscillatory and freezing problems caused by the short-sightedness of the robot are avoided.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus heavily affects quality of life. A cross-sectional web survey-based study
Authors: Moroni Luca , Mazzetti Martina , Ramirez Giuseppe Alvise , Zuffada Simone , Ciancio Anna , Gallina Gabriele , Farina Nicola , Bozzolo Enrica , Di Mattei Valentina , Dagna Lorenzo
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Neuropsychiatric symptoms develop in up to 20% of the patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Growing evidence is accruing on the association of SLE with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but little is known about its contribution on patient-reported outcomes. This study focuses on PTSD prevalence in our SLE cohort and on its impact on quality of life.

Methods

Trauma and Loss Spectrum – Self Reported (TALS-SR) and Lupus Quality of Life (Lupus QoL) questionnaires were administered via web to the patients with SLE in our cohort, along with questions on demographical and disease-related aspects.

Results

Among 99 patients who completed the questionnaire, fatigue prevalence was 75% and 31% scored TALS-SR test consistently with PTSD. Patients with PTSD achieved lower scores compared to those without PTSD in three Lupus QoL domains: planning (83.3 vs. 100, p = .035), body image (85.0 vs. 95.0, p = .031) and fatigue (66.7 vs. 91.7, p = .001). An inverse correlation was found between TALS-SR domains and Lupus QoL scores, particularly regarding fatigue with reaction to losses or upsetting events (ρ -0.458, p < .001).

Conclusions

PTSD is possibly far more frequent in patients with SLE than in general population and exerts a detrimental influence on quality of life.
Greenpeace and the online genetically modified food debate in the UK: The role of science and scientific evidence in ‘environmental representation’
Authors: Price Catherine
Published: December 2022

This article investigates Greenpeace’s use of science in ‘environmental representation’ in news articles concerning genetically modified food, and how commenters respond in the associated below the line comments. This article provides an answer through a qualitative data analysis using a discourse analysis of data from 5 UK news organisations, commencing 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2015. The findings reveal the importance of science and scientific evidence in claims-making and ‘environmental representation’ by Greenpeace in relation to genetically modified foods in news articles. However, below the line commenters reject the idea of scientific evidence being used by Greenpeace. Instead, these commenters claim Greenpeace oppose scientific developments. The article concludes by discussing how this study adds to the understanding of claims-making and ‘environmental representation’ by Greenpeace with respect to genetically modified foods in news articles, and how the below the line commenters challenge the legitimacy of Greenpeace as an ‘environmental representative’.
Internationalisation of Higher Education and Climate Change: A Cognitive Dissonance Perspective
Authors: Nikula Pii-Tuulia , Fusek Adrienne , van Gaalen Adinda
Published: December 2022

This article applies cognitive dissonance theory to the internationalisation of higher education sector to comment on tensions experienced by practitioners associated with their work's climate impact. The existing literature and relevant climate action drivers and challenges within the sector are reviewed. A case study of a global grassroot initiative, the Climate Action Network for International Educators, is considered to discuss possible solutions for how stakeholders can increase or decrease tensions at work in the relationship between international higher education and climate change. This article posits that cognitive dissonance theory can contribute to a better understanding of how dilemmas emerge at the intersection between international higher education and climate change to promote climate action within the sector. Avenues for future research are recommended.
Nigerian Health Care Providers and Diabetes Self-Management Support: Their Perspectives and Practices
Authors: Iregbu Sandra , Spiers Jude , Duggleby Wendy , Salami Bukola , Schick-Makaroff Kara
Published: December 2022

Nigeria struggles to reframe its traditional acute-care disease approach to health care to accommodate rising needs for chronic disease care. This interpretive descriptive study explored Nigerian healthcare providers’ (HCPs) perspectives, experiences, and practices related to self-management support (SMS). Observational and experiential data were gathered from 19 HCPs at two urban hospitals in Southeastern Nigeria (seven physicians, four nurses, five dietitians/nutritionists, and three health educators). There were four themes: (a) compliance-oriented medical model, (b) SMS as advice, informal counseling, and education, (c) navigating the sociocultural terrain, and (d) workarounds. Nigerian HCPs perspectives and SMS practices were characterized by attempts to foster compliance with healthcare instructions within a traditional biomedical model. Participants enhanced patient support using specific strategies to bypass structural system obstacles. These findings demonstrate the need to reevaluate the current understanding of SMS in Nigeria and its practice.
How Informative Is YouTube Regarding Feeding in Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate?
Authors: Srivastav Sukeshana , Tewari Nitesh , Antonarakis Gregory S. , Upadhyaya Ashish Dutt , Duggal Ritu , Goel Shubhi
Published: December 2022

Objective

To assess the characteristics of popular videos on YouTube about the feeding of infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and analyze the adequacy of information provided by them.

Design

A cross-sectional design was used.

Methods

YouTube was systematically searched for consecutive relevant videos about the feeding of infants with CLP, using predefined keyword combinations, without any limitations on language or duration. Scrutiny of the top 50 videos for each keyword combination was performed and a self-designed data-extraction sheet was used. A content adequacy index was developed by an expert group, and used to assess content adequacy, classifying it into categories from excellent to poor.

Results

From an initial retrieval of 200 videos, 42 were included in the final assessment. The videos originated from nine different countries, with more than half coming from the USA and in English. Five of the videos came from the channel of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Content adequacy analysis showed that no video could be classified as excellent, while 33.3% were classified as optimal, 21.4% as suboptimal and 45.2% as poor.

Conclusions

The content adequacy of the majority of videos on YouTube, relating to the feeding of infants with CLP was inadequate, with only one third of them achieving optimal content adequacy. Efforts must be made to develop informative and standardized videos for social media and video-sharing platforms, perhaps through professional associations to ensure that families with an infant with CLP receive appropriate information.
Learning from the Past and Moving Forward: Implementing School Nursing Research Priorities
Authors: Best Nakia C. , McCabe Ellen M.
Published: December 2022

The editorial “School nursing research and research implementation priorities,” highlights how the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) research priorities are crucial to moving school nursing and school health research forward. In this editorial we echo the importance of school nurses reading and understanding published articles in The Journal of School Nursing and contributing to research that informs school nursing practice. Each of the NASNs research priorities is vital to the science supporting school nursing practice. We encourage school nurses and researchers, and implementation scientists to partner to contribute school nursing evidence that guides the specialties’ practice and informs policy to positively impact student health and education outcomes.
Risk Factors and Impact on Outcomes of Lung Cancer Patients Concurrent with Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Jin Yi-fan , Ye Ye-qiu , Jin Yu-jia , Zhu Xin-yun , Sha Min , Liu Rui , Chen Cheng
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Many investigations on prognostic factors in lung cancer have been conducted; however, little is known regarding the outcomes of lung cancer cases complicated by deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This study aimed to determine the risk factors and impact on outcomes of lung cancer patients concurrent with DVT.

Methods

Lung cancer patients who underwent lower-extremity venous ultrasound were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into a DVT group and a non-DVT group. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and survival were analyzed by t-test, Wilcoxon test, chi-squared test, and logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of the 160 enrolled lung cancer patients, DVT was detected in 30 patients. Among the DVT group, adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type (27/30, 90.00%). Lung cancer complicated with DVT was associated with advanced stage, more severe myocardial injury, and a hypercoagulable state (P < .05). Differences in driver genes between the two groups were not significant. Radiologically, lung cancer patients with DVT were more likely to present with pericardial effusion and pleural effusion than patients without DVT (P < .05). Following multivariable logistic regression analysis, advanced stage (OR 5.368, [95%CI 1.871-18.165], P = .021), NT-proBNP >300 pg/ml (OR 5.575, [95%CI 1.733-3.722], P = .018), D-dimer >5 mg/L (OR 8.449, [95%CI 4.323-18.536], P = .004), CRP >12 mg/L (OR 6.687, [95%CI 1.967-13.617], P = .010), and serum CEA >25 ng/ml (OR 4.755, [95%CI 1.358-3.123], P = .029) were independent risk factors for adenocarcinoma complicated with DVT. Finally, survival analysis revealed that the occurrence of DVT resulted in a poorer prognosis despite anticoagulant therapy (P < .05).

Conclusion

DVT is a potential complication in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and could represent a prognostic marker for unfavorable outcome. It is essential to screen for DVT in high-risk adenocarcinoma patients.
Clinical Implications of Targeting the JAK-STAT Pathway in Psoriatic Disease: Emphasis on the TYK2 Pathway
Authors: Loo Wei Jing , Turchin Irina , Prajapati Vimal H. , Gooderham Melinda J. , Grewal Parbeer , Hong Chih-ho , Sauder Maxwell , Vender Ronald B. , Maari Catherine , Papp Kim A.
Published: December 2022

Cytokines in the interleukin (IL)−23/IL-17 axis are central to psoriasis pathogenesis. Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) regulates intracellular signalling of several cytokines (including IL-12, 23, 22, 6, 17, and interferon (IFN)-γ) in the IL-23/IL-17 axis, and, as a result, has become a therapeutic target for psoriasis treatment. Although several JAK1-3 inhibitors, with varying degrees of selectivity, have been developed for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, use in psoriasis is limited by a low therapeutic index as anticipated by signals from other disease indications. More selective inhibition of the JAK family is an area of interest. Specifically, selective tyrosine kinase (TYK)2 inhibition suppresses IL-23/IL-17 axis signalling, and at therapeutic doses, has a favorable safety profile compared to therapeutic doses of JAK1-3 inhibitors. Phase III efficacy and safety data for the selective allosteric TYK2-inhibitor, deucravacitinib, in adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis is promising. Furthermore, phase II clinical trials for ropsacitinib (PF-06826647), a selective TYK2 inhibitor, and brepocitinib (PF-06700841), a JAK1/TYK2 inhibitor, have also demonstrated efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Other novel TYK2 allosteric inhibitors, NDI-034858 and ESK-001, are currently being investigated in adult patients with plaque psoriasis. This article reviews the details of the JAK-STAT pathway in psoriasis pathophysiology, the rationale for selective targeting of JAKs in the treatment of psoriasis, and provides clinical perspective on clinical trial data for JAK and TYK2 inhibitors.
Short report: A co-designed psychoeducation for older autistic adults-a multiple case study
Authors: Groenendijk ER , Van Heijst BFC , Geurts HM
Published: December 2022

There are currently no old-age specific interventions for autistic adults. Therefore, in this explorative study, we examined the possible effects of a co-designed psychoeducation program for older autistic adults (55+ years), with a multiple case study design ( N = 9, age 56–73 years; Netherlands Trial Register (code Trial NL5670)). For each participant, also a person close to them (a proxy) participated. This allowed us to calculate a discrepancy score regarding autistic traits and cognitive challenges. The main hypothesis was that our program, delivered after general psychoeducation, would result in a discrepancy reduction between self and proxy reports. However, contrary to our hypothesis, we observed neither intervention effects on our primary outcome measures (discrepancy scores) nor the secondary outcome measures (mastery, self-efficacy, self-esteem, self-stigmatization, quality of life, and hope and future perspectives). Thus, despite co-designing the current intervention, the results were not promising. However, the positive feedback and suggestions of the participants make developing an improved version of a specific psychoeducation program for older autistic adults still a worthwhile pursuit.

Lay abstract

After receiving an autism diagnosis by a clinician, psychoeducation (i.e. information regarding autism) is often offered. However, older autistic adults (55+ years) may need specific information about the challenges they face in daily life as they are in a specific life phase. A psychoeducation program for this specific age group does not exist yet. We first developed such a program together with autistic adults and clinicians working with autistic people, after which we tested the program with nine autistic adults (56–73 years) and someone close to them (so-called proxy). Before testing the program, we determined together with autistic older adults what they thought should be the outcome of this intervention in order to state whether it was, indeed, a useful intervention. Earlier studies found that autistic people often think differently about their own autistic characteristics than their proxy. A reduction of this difference could increase mutual understanding. Therefore, the main hypothesis was that the program would decrease this difference with respect to autistic characteristics and cognitive challenges (e.g. memory problems). Another hypothesis was that the program would have a positive impact on a series of other factors, such as self-esteem. The results showed that the program did neither decrease the difference in insight nor the other tested factors. Nonetheless, we believe it is important to keep on working on a psychoeducation program for older autistic adults, because participants informed us the program had still helped them in certain ways and they gave helpful feedback for improvements of the program.
Visualization of soot formation in load transients during GDI engine warm-up
Authors: Etikyala Sreelekha , Koopmans Lucien , Dahlander Petter
Published: December 2022

Reducing the emissions of pollutants, and particularly soot particles, from internal combustion engines is one of the greatest challenges faced by car manufacturers. Although modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines produce relatively low particulate emissions during steady state operation under near-stoichiometric conditions, they can produce much higher particulate emissions during transients that cause abrupt changes in load, fuel consumption, and the air-to-fuel ratio. Emissions during transients are particularly high when the engine coolant temperature is low, as occurs during engine start-up. Consequently, there is a need to find ways of reducing particulate emissions during load transients. This paper therefore investigates particulate formation during load transients in a single-cylinder GDI engine equipped with an endoscope in the cylinder head. A transient sequence was designed in which the engine load was increased from 4 bar NMEP to a maximum of 12 bar NMEP in 2 s at an engine speed of 2000 rpm. During the transients, the engine’s particulate emissions were measured in terms of particulate number (PN) and images of the combustion process inside the cylinder were captured via the endoscope using a high-speed camera to identify locations where soot formation occurred. Experiments were conducted at a range of coolant temperatures and using different injection strategies to determine how these parameters affect PN emissions. The coolant temperature was found to be the dominant factor governing PN emissions during transients. Luminescence data obtained by analyzing the flame images agreed well with the measured PN emissions during transients. Under all varied parameters in the transients except delayed injection, soot was mainly formed from wall films. For transients with delayed fuel injection, much of the piston film could be avoided but soot formation instead became mixing-dominated. Variation of the air-fuel ratio had little effect on PN emissions during transients. At all coolant temperatures, PN emissions were lowest when using a split injection strategy but delaying the injection timing increased PN emissions even though the endoscope images suggested a lower frequency of diffusion flame formation. No conditions were found under which the PN emissions during transients with low coolant temperatures could be reduced to levels comparable to those seen with warm coolant.
A Quantitative Analysis of Rural and Urban Student Outcomes Based on Location of Institution of Attendance
Authors: McCauley Dani
Published: December 2022

This quantitative research study sought to examine the differences in retention and degree attainment for college students depending on their home locale and the location of their institution of attendance. Students were divided into four groups: rural students who attended a rural institution, rural students who attended an urban institution, urban students who attended a rural institution, and urban students who attended an urban institution. The study utilized a chi-square test of homogeneity to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between the four groups. Analysis found statistically significant differences in retention and degree attainment based on the student's home locale and the location of their institution of attendance. Urban students who attended an urban institution were statistically significantly more likely to be retained. Rural students who attended a rural institution were statistically significantly more likely to attain their degree. Students who attended institutions that were in locations similar to their home locale had the highest retention and degree attainment.
‘What discretion do you need?’ Factors influencing police decision-making in possession of cannabis offences
Authors: Grace Sharon , Lloyd Charlie , Page Geoff
Published: December 2022

Research suggests that those most likely to be policed for cannabis possession are young, ethnically minoritised, urban males belonging to ‘suspect’ groups. This study examined police decision-making in cannabis possession cases in a Northern England force. Findings demonstrate that, outside of a few cases in which cannabis was being used in public, the policing of cannabis in this force area most often involved ‘accidental’ discovery, in the sense that the original interest in individuals or vehicles was not related to cannabis possession, but was rather based on ‘suspicion formation’ concerning certain types of car, behaviours, people and locations. Once detected, officers felt obliged to take action due to pressure from the public and managers, the harms they associated with cannabis and because the smell of cannabis made its public use difficult to ignore. There was little evidence of informal responses to cannabis suggesting a shift towards policing driven by force guidelines. However, guidelines differ, meaning that people who receive a criminal record in some force areas would not be criminalised in others. The consequences of having such a record suggest that achieving consistency in the policing of cannabis should prioritised.
Medication adherence in women with IBD of childbearing age likely associated with disease knowledge
Authors: Laube Robyn , Selinger Christian , Leong Rupert W.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Medication adherence in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is crucial, particularly during pregnancy. Unplanned pregnancies are common; therefore, efforts to maximise adherence should not be restricted to pregnant women.

Objectives:

We aimed to assess medication adherence in women with IBD of childbearing age, regardless of their reproduction plans.

Design:

We performed a multi-centre pilot questionnaire study of women with IBD age 18–45 years.

Methods:

Survey questions included patient demographics, disease history, and validated assessments of IBD and pregnancy knowledge, medication adherence and quality of life. The primary outcome was rates and predictors of medication adherence.

Results:

In all, 72 women [58.3% Crohn’s disease (CD) and 37.5% ulcerative colitis] completed the survey. The median patient age was 30 years [interquartile range (IQR): 24.8–36.0) and 37.5% had children. Medication adherence was high (84%; median Medication Adherence Report Scale: 19.0/20; IQR: 17.0–20.0). Knowledge scores were adequate for both the Crohn’s and Colitis Knowledge (CCKnow; median: 15.5/30; IQR: 12.3–18.0) and Crohn’s and Colitis Pregnancy Knowledge (CCPKnow; median: 8.0/17; IQR: 4.0–11.0). Disease knowledge was predictive of high medication adherence (CCPKnow: p = 0.02; CCKnow: p ⩽ 0.01). Higher adherence was significantly associated with a diagnosis of CD ( p = 0.01), exposure to biological agents ( p = 0.03) and immunomodulators ( p = 0.04), childbearing after diagnosis with IBD ( p = 0.03), and correctly understanding the importance of delivery modality ( p = 0.02) and IBD activity in pregnancy ( p = 0.01).

Conclusions:

Following dedicated education at the IBD clinic, medication adherence, disease-specific and pregnancy-specific knowledge in women with IBD of childbearing age tends to be high. Unplanned pregnancies are frequent; therefore, we should aim to maximise medication adherence in all women of childbearing age to optimise maternofoetal outcomes if unexpected pregnancies occur.
Lumbar Multifidus Morphology in Youth Competitive Alpine Skiers and Associated Sex, Age, Biological Maturation, Trunk Stability, and Back Complaints
Authors: Fitze Daniel P. , Franchi Martino V. , Ellenberger Lynn , Peterhans Loris , Fröhlich Stefan , Frey Walter O. , Spörri Jörg
Published: December 2022

Background:

The lumbar multifidus (LMF), as a dynamic stabilizer of the lumbar spine, may play an important role in the prevention of overuse-related back complaints.

Hypothesis:

LMF morphology is associated with trunk stability and differs between symptomatic and asymptomatic skiers.

Study Design:

Cohort study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A total of 85 youth skiers (28 females, mean age, 14.7 ± 0.7 years; 57 males, mean age, 14.9 ± 0.5 years) underwent anthropometric assessments, an estimation of biological maturation, a magnetic resonance imaging- and ultrasound-based examination of LMF morphology, and a biomechanical quantification of deadbug bridging stabilization performance. Athletes were categorized as symptomatic if they had registered at least 1 significant overuse-related back complaint episode in the 12 months before the main examination.

Results:

Male skiers showed a greater LMF size (ie, anatomical cross-sectional area [ACSA]) than female skiers, except for vertebral body L5, where no difference was found (8.8 ± 1.8 cm2 vs 8.3 ± 1.4 cm2, P = 0.18). Conversely, female skiers displayed longer fascicles than male skiers (5.8 ± 0.8 cm vs 5.4 ± 0.8 cm, P = 0.03). Skiers aged under 16 years (U16) skiers had greater values for LMF size and fascicle length than U15 skiers. Maturity offset was associated with L5 LMF size ( R2 = 0.060, P = 0.01), fascicle length ( R2 = 0.038, P = 0.04), and muscle thickness ( R2 = 0.064, P = 0.02). L5 LMF size was associated with trunk stability ( R2 = 0.068, P = 0.01). Asymptomatic skiers showed on average a 12.8% greater value for L5 LMF size compared with symptomatic skiers ( P = 0.04).

Conclusion:

There are sex- and age-related differences in LMF morphology in youth competitive alpine skiers. Moreover, the ACSA at the level of the lumbar vertebral body L5 undergoes changes during biological maturation, shows a small, but significant association with trunk stability, and differs between symptomatic and asymptomatic skiers with back complaints.

Clinical Relevance:

The observed association of muscle structure (ie, L5 LMF ACSA) with functional aspects (ie, trunk stabilization capacity) and clinical representation (ie, overuse-related back complaints) further highlights the important role of the multifidus muscle for training and injury prevention in youth competitive alpine skiers around the growth spurt.
Minor Skin Injuries at School: The Role of the School Nurse
Authors: Bultas Margaret W. , Oldenburg A. Paige
Published: December 2022

School nurses routinely provide simple wound care for minor injuries in the school health office. Simple wound care is centered on the principles of moist wound care and only requires a few supplies to be on hand. This article outlines the steps for simple wound care for minor abrasions, cuts, blisters, and burns. Recommendations for referral of more complicated wounds are also provided. Student encounters for minor wound care can also be used by school nurses to provide education on first aid and to teach students, parents, and caregivers about infection prevention and control of the wound.
What influences physician opioid prescribing for children with acute pain?
Authors: Slim George , van Manen Michael , Fowler Megan , Poonai Naveen , Ali Samina
Published: December 2022

Background

Pain is one of the most common symptoms encountered in the healthcare system, and opioids are among the top three medications used to treat it. Understanding the reasoning behind physicians’ opioid prescribing practices is vital to safe practice. The primary objective of our study was to describe pediatric emergency physicians’ decision-making process when prescribing opioids for children’s acute pain management.

Methods

This study employed qualitative methodology, using one-on-one semi-structured interviews within a grounded theory analytic framework. We employed purposeful sampling to recruit pediatric emergency physicians from across Canada. Interviews were conducted by telephone (December 2019–January 2021). Transcript analysis occurred concurrently with data collection, supporting data saturation and theory development considerations.

Results

Eleven interviews were completed with participants representing each of Canada’s geographic regions. Nine major themes emerged: (1) practice setting and outpatient opioid use, (2) condition-specific considerations, (3) physician confidence in medical evidence, (4) pain assessment challenges, (5) patient and family perspectives, (6) opioid safety concerns, (7) personal biases and experiences, (8) personal practice context, and (9) the Opioid Crisis/media influence. Most clinicians felt that they limited opioid use to those who needed it most; all participants described challenges managing acute pain, emphasizing the need for accurate pain measurement and better guidelines, evidence-based data, and knowledge translation. Clinicians were more comfortable treating pain in the emergency department, compared to discharge prescribing. They recognized the importance of co-therapy with non-opioids and the need for opioid risk assessment when prescribing. A family centered approach was recognized as the goal of practice.

Conclusion

Clinicians are less comfortable prescribing opioids to children for at-home use and find pain assessment and lack of clear guidelines to be barriers to pain care. Knowledge translation strategies for safer practice and optimal acute pain management could support responsible and judicious opioid use.
The Śnieżka peatland as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
Authors: Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł Barbara , Łokas Edyta , Smieja-Król Beata , Turner Simon , De Vleeschouwer Francois , Woszczyk Michał , Marcisz Katarzyna , Gałka Mariusz , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Kołaczek Piotr , Hajdas Irka , Karpińska-Kołaczek Monika , Kołtonik Katarzyna , Mróz Tomasz , Roberts Sarah , Rose Neil , Krzykawski Tomasz , Boom Arnoud , Yang Handong
Published: December 2022

The subalpine, atmospherically fed Śnieżka peatland, located in the Polish part of the Sudetes, is one of the nominated candidates for the GSSP of the Anthropocene. Data from two profiles, Sn1 (2012) and Sn0 (2020), from this site are critical for distinguishing the proposed epoch, while an additional core Sn2 is presented to support main evidence. The Sn0 archive contains a wide array of critical markers such as plutonium (Pu), radiocarbon (F14C), fly ash particles, Hg and stable C and N isotopes which are consistent with the previously well documented 210Pb/14C dated Sn1 profile, which provides a high-resolution and comprehensive database of trace elements and rare earth elements (REE), Pb isotopes, Pu, Cs, pollen and testate amoebae. The 1952 worldwide appearance of Pu, owing to its global synchronicity and repeatability between the cores, is proposed here as a primary marker of the Anthropocene, supported by the prominent upturn of selected chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic indicators as well as the appearance of technofossils and artificial radionuclides.
Impact of farming on African landscapes
Authors: Wright David K
Published: December 2022

As the continent with the deepest record of human history, the relationship between landscape formation and human subsistence practices is inseparable. The activities that constitute ‘farming’ are open for some matter of discussion, but essentially speak to the co-evolution of human, plant and animal reproductive systems along a continuum of interdependence. This process is ever evolving, but has resulted in the formation of landscapes in which anthropogenic processes characterize ecosystem functionality in nearly all biomes on the continent. Practices of cultivation, broadly conceptualized, across Africa are varied in the ways in which they have transformed ecological systems and landscapes. The use of fire as a landscape management tool dates to the Pleistocene, and penning of wild sheep to the early Holocene. The alteration of the landscape of fear by these types of human activities had fundamentally restructured trophic systems in Africa prior to the introduction of agriculture. However, the introduction of animal herding and intensive forms of plant cultivation by the middle Holocene correlated to even more significant ecological changes. The creation of agricultural landscapes has had a negative impact on biodiversity in some locations, whereas other some practices at different points in time have positively affected biodiversity. It is now recognized that humans have long influenced the evolution of landscapes wherever they live, but the current research focuses on where, when and how socio-ecological processes become coupled in the palaeoecological record.
China Medical Education College Survey, 2013–2018
Authors: You (由由) You , Jia (贾娜丽) Nali , Xie (谢阿娜) Ana , Wang (王维民) Weimin
Published: December 2022

Purpose

China recently proposed a series of important policies intended to reform and improve the quality of medical education on the national level. This paper presents the findings of a national survey of China's medical schools conducted to review the development of undergraduate medical education over a five-year period (2013–2018).

Design/Approach/Methods

The National Center for Health Professions Education Development implemented the China Medical Education College Survey. Approximately 64% of the targeted medical schools participated in the survey, constituting a representative sample of higher education institutions offering educational programs in clinical medicine in China.

Findings

Following new policy orientations, medical schools showed positive developments in terms of the types of medical education programs offered, teaching and assessment methods, medical education resources, participation in accreditation, and quality of incoming students. However, the survey also revealed several worrying trends, including the coexistence of various types of education programs, significant regional differences in educational resources, dominance of traditional teaching and assessment methods, inconsistencies in quality, and an increase in graduates seeking employment in professions outside healthcare.

Originality/Value

Findings of the first national survey of China's medical schools show that there is still a long way to go to ensure high quality and efficient medical education on a national level.
Bra Emotional Design Based on Emotion Model and Design Features
Authors: Wen Xingyu , Zhang Jing , Whang Mincheol
Published: December 2022

Emotional design can produce resonance with consumers, guide user behavior through positive emotions, and improve product awareness. This article aims to explore a method of bra emotional design that can give users a pleasant experience. First, emotional words are collected and then ordered in the coordinate system using the semantic correlation between emotions and the method of statistics for circular series. As a result, the affect model is established with two pairs of opposite emotions, relaxed–excited and disappointed–enjoying, in the vertical and horizontal directions and other four emotions, namely joyful, accepted, boredom, and disgust, in the diagonal direction. Then, 89 bra design features are analyzed through subjective evaluations. Compared with emotions stimulated by the functionality and aesthetics of bras, emotions only visually induced by bra design features range on a smaller scale and are mostly located in the upper right of the emotion model without extremely negative emotions. Finally, we design a loving bra using bra design features which are highly related to the emotional experience of love. The prospect of this study is to explore the feasibility of bra emotional design and pave the way for emotion recognition in fashion consumption.
Assessing Student Compositions
Authors: Hatch Emily
Published: December 2022

Many teachers believe in the importance of compositional and creative tasks but don’t find the time to assess those tasks and provide feedback to students. This column encourages teachers to determine why, what, and how assessments will be given. By planning out why (formative or summative), what kind of task will be assessed, and choosing a tool for how assessments will be given, teachers can maximize the amount of feedback they give to students and help students grow as composers. This column provides teachers with solid strategies and methods for implementing student composition assessments in general music classrooms.