bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Erbium-Doped Ceria Nanostructure Coating to Improve Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Shehata Nader , Clavel Michael , Meehan Kathleen , Samir Effat , Gaballah Soha , Salah Mohammed
Published: November 2015

This paper discusses the effect of adding reduced erbium-doped ceria nanoparticles (REDC NPs) as a coating on silicon solar cells. Reduced ceria nanoparticles doped with erbium have the advantages of both improving conductivity and optical conversion of solar cells. Oxygen vacancies in ceria nanoparticles reduce Ce4+ to Ce3+ which follow the rule of improving conductivity of solar cells through the hopping mechanism. The existence of Ce3+ helps in the down-conversion from 430 nm excitation to 530 nm emission. The erbium dopant forms energy levels inside the low-phonon ceria host to up-convert the 780 nm excitations into green and red emissions. When coating reduced erbium-doped ceria nanoparticles on the back side of a solar cell, a promising improvement in the solar cell efficiency has been observed from 15% to 16.5% due to the mutual impact of improved electric conductivity and multi-optical conversions. Finally, the impact of the added coater on the electric field distribution inside the solar cell has been studied.
SNPs Array Karyotyping in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Etebari Maryam , Navari Mohsen , Piccaluga Pier
Published: November 2015

The traditional methods for detection of chromosomal aberrations, which included cytogenetic or gene candidate solutions, suffered from low sensitivity or the need for previous knowledge of the target regions of the genome. With the advent of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, genome screening at global level in order to find chromosomal aberrations like copy number variants, DNA amplifications, deletions, and also loss of heterozygosity became feasible. In this review, we present an update of the knowledge, gained by SNPs arrays, of the genomic complexity of the most important subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Triterpenoids from the Herbs of Salicornia bigelovii
Authors: Shan Yu , Li Huan , Guan Fuqin , Chen Yu , Yin Min , Wang Ming , Feng Xu , Wang Qizhi
Published: November 2015

A new nortriterpene saponin, 3-O-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl-30-norolean-12,20(29)-dien-23- oxo-28-oic acid, namely bigelovii D (11), was isolated from the hydroalcoholic extract of herbs of Salicornia bigelovii along with 10 known saponins (1–10). Their chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including two-dimensional NMR and a comparison with literature data. Some of these compounds showed potent antifungal activities in vitro. Compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 and 11 demonstrated potent inhibitory activities against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and compound 11 displayed broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Botrytis cinerea, C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium graminearum, F. verticilloides, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with EC50 values ranging from 13.6 to 36.3 μg/mL.
Direct Aminolysis of Ethoxycarbonylmethyl 1,4-Dihydropyridine-3-carboxylates
Authors: Vigante Brigita , Rucins Martins , Plotniece Aiva , Pajuste Karlis , Luntena Iveta , Cekavicus Brigita , Bisenieks Egils , Smits Rufus , Duburs Gunars , Sobolev Arkadij
Published: November 2015

The ethoxycarbonylmethyl esters of 1,4-dihydropyridines were directly converted into carbamoylmethyl esters in the presence of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. The use of TBD is crucial for the successful aminolysis of ethoxycarbonylmethyl ester of 1,4-dihydropyridines with secondary amines as without it the reaction does not proceed at all. The aminolysis reaction proceeded regioselectively, as the alkyl ester conjugated with the 1,4-dihydropyridine cycle was not involved in the reaction. Screening of other N-containing bases, such as triethylamine (TEA), pyridine, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), imidazole, tetramethyl guanidine (TMG) and 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (MTBD) as catalysts revealed no activity in the studied reaction.
Cytotoxic Activities, SAR and Anti-Invasion Effects of Butylphthalide Derivatives on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma SMMC7721 Cells
Authors: Hu Yihan , Bi Xiaoxu , Zhao Pu , Zheng Huachuan , Huang Xueshi
Published: November 2015

A series of butylphthalide derivatives (BPDs) 1–8 were isolated from the extract of the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae). The cytotoxic activities of BPDs 1–8 were evaluated using a panel of human cancer cell lines. In addition, the SAR analysis and potential anti-invasion activities were investigated. The sp2 carbons at C-7 and C-7a appeared to be essential for the cytotoxic activities of BPDs. BPDs 5 and 6 remarkably inhibited the migration and invasion of cancer cells. The anti-invasion activity of dimer 6 was demonstrated to be significantly higher than monomer 5.
Magma Pathways and Their Interactions Inferred from InSAR and Stress Modeling at Nyamulagira Volcano, D.R. Congo
Authors: Wauthier Christelle , Cayol Valérie , Smets Benoît , D’Oreye Nicolas , Kervyn François
Published: November 2015

A summit and upper flank eruption occurred at Nyamulagira volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo, from 2–27 January 2010. Eruptions at Nyamulagira during 1996–2010 occurred from eruptive fissures on the upper flanks or within the summit caldera and were distributed along the ~N155E rift zone, whereas the 2011–2012 eruption occurred ~12 km ENE of the summit. 3D numerical modeling of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) geodetic measurements of the co-eruptive deformation in 2010 reveals that magma stored in a shallow (~3.5 km below the summit) reservoir intruded as two subvertical dikes beneath the summit and southeastern flank of the volcano. The northern dike is connected to an ~N45E-trending intra-caldera eruptive fissure, extending to an ~2.5 km maximum depth. The southern dike is connected to an ~N175E-trending flank fissure extending to the depth of the inferred reservoir at ~3.5 km. The inferred reservoir location is coincident with the reservoir that was active during previous eruptions in 1938–1940 and 2006. The volumetric ratio of total emitted magma (intruded in dikes + erupted) to the contraction of the reservoir (rv) is 9.3, consistent with pressure recovery by gas exsolution in the small, shallow modeled magma reservoir. We derive a modified analytical expression for rv, accounting for changes in reservoir volume induced by gas exsolution, as well as eruptive volume. By using the precise magma composition, we estimate a magma compressibility of 1.9–3.2 × 109 Pa−1 and rv of 6.5–10.1. From a normal-stress change analysis, we infer that intrusions in 2010 could have encouraged the ascent of magma from a deeper reservoir along an ~N45E orientation, corresponding to the strike of the rift transfer zone structures and possibly resulting in the 2011–2012 intrusion. The intrusion of magma to greater distances from the summit may be enhanced along the N45E orientation, as it is more favorable to the regional rift extension (compared to the local volcanic rift zone, trending N155E). Repeated dike intrusions beneath Nyamulagira’s SSE flank may encourage intrusions beneath the nearby Nyiragongo volcano.
Estimation of Canopy Water Content by Means of Hyperspectral Indices Based on Drought Stress Gradient Experiments of Maize in the North Plain China
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhou Guangsheng
Published: November 2015

Here, we conducted drought stress gradient experiments of maize, and used ten water content related vegetation indices (VIs) to estimate widely variable canopy water content (CWC) and mean leaf equivalent water thickness at canopy level (\({\overline{EWT}}\)) based on in situ measurements of Lambertian equivalent reflectance and important biological and environmental factors during the 2013−2014 growing seasons in the North China Plain. Among ten VIs, the performances of green chlorophyll index (CIgreen), red edge chlorophyll index (CIred edge), and the red edge normalized ratio (NRred edge) were most sensitive to the variations of CWC and \({\overline{EWT}}\). Simulated drought in two differently managed irrigation years did not affect the sensitivities of VIs to the variations in CWC and \({\overline{EWT}}\). However, the relationships between CWC and VIs were more noticeable in 2014 than in 2013. In contrast, \({\overline{EWT}}\) and VIs were more closely related in 2013 than in 2014. CWC and relative soil water content (RSWC) obviously exhibited a two-dimensional trapezoid space, which illustrated that CWC was determined not only by soil water status but also by crop growth and stage of development. This study demonstrated that nearly half of the variation in CWC explained by spectral information was derived from the variation in leaf area index (LAI).
A Novel Scheme for an Energy Efficient Internet of Things Based on Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Rani Shalli , Talwar Rajneesh , Malhotra Jyoteesh , Ahmed Syed , Sarkar Mahasweta , Song Houbing
Published: November 2015

One of the emerging networking standards that gap between the physical world and the cyber one is the Internet of Things. In the Internet of Things, smart objects communicate with each other, data are gathered and certain requests of users are satisfied by different queried data. The development of energy efficient schemes for the IoT is a challenging issue as the IoT becomes more complex due to its large scale the current techniques of wireless sensor networks cannot be applied directly to the IoT. To achieve the green networked IoT, this paper addresses energy efficiency issues by proposing a novel deployment scheme. This scheme, introduces: (1) a hierarchical network design; (2) a model for the energy efficient IoT; (3) a minimum energy consumption transmission algorithm to implement the optimal model. The simulation results show that the new scheme is more energy efficient and flexible than traditional WSN schemes and consequently it can be implemented for efficient communication in the IoT.
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Identification for Shearer Cutting Conditions Based on Parallel Quasi-Newton Neural Networks and the Dempster-Shafer Theory
Authors: Si Lei , Wang Zhongbin , Liu Xinhua , Tan Chao , Xu Jing , Zheng Kehong
Published: November 2015

In order to efficiently and accurately identify the cutting condition of a shearer, this paper proposed an intelligent multi-sensor data fusion identification method using the parallel quasi-Newton neural network (PQN-NN) and the Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory. The vibration acceleration signals and current signal of six cutting conditions were collected from a self-designed experimental system and some special state features were extracted from the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). In the experiment, three classifiers were trained and tested by the selected features of the measured data, and the DS theory was used to combine the identification results of three single classifiers. Furthermore, some comparisons with other methods were carried out. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method performs with higher detection accuracy and credibility than the competing algorithms. Finally, an industrial application example in the fully mechanized coal mining face was demonstrated to specify the effect of the proposed system.
Conductometric Sensor for Soot Mass Flow Detection in Exhausts of Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Feulner Markus , Hagen Gunter , Müller Andreas , Schott Andreas , Zöllner Christian , Brüggemann Dieter , Moos Ralf
Published: November 2015

Soot sensors are required for on-board diagnostics (OBD) of automotive diesel particulate filters (DPF) to detect filter failures. Widely used for this purpose are conductometric sensors, measuring an electrical current or resistance between two electrodes. Soot particles deposit on the electrodes, which leads to an increase in current or decrease in resistance. If installed upstream of a DPF, the “engine-out” soot emissions can also be determined directly by soot sensors. Sensors were characterized in diesel engine real exhausts under varying operation conditions and with two different kinds of diesel fuel. The sensor signal was correlated to the actual soot mass and particle number, measured with an SMPS. Sensor data and soot analytics (SMPS) agreed very well, an impressing linear correlation in a double logarithmic representation was found. This behavior was even independent of the used engine settings or of the biodiesel content.
Psoralen Inactivation of Viruses: A Process for the Safe Manipulation of Viral Antigen and Nucleic Acid
Authors: Schneider Katherine , Wronka-Edwards Loni , Leggett-Embrey Melissa , Walker Eric , Sun Peifang , Ondov Brian , Wyman Travis , Rosovitz MJ , Bohn Sherry , Burans James , Kochel Tadeusz
Published: November 2015

High consequence human pathogenic viruses must be handled at biosafety level 2, 3 or 4 and must be rendered non-infectious before they can be utilized for molecular or immunological applications at lower biosafety levels. Here we evaluate psoralen-inactivated Arena-, Bunya-, Corona-, Filo-, Flavi- and Orthomyxoviruses for their suitability as antigen in immunological processes and as template for reverse transcription PCR and sequencing. The method of virus inactivation using a psoralen molecule appears to have broad applicability to RNA viruses and to leave both the particle and RNA of the treated virus intact, while rendering the virus non-infectious.
INFLUENCE OF MINIFLAPS ON SAILPLANE FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Lauk Peep , Unt Karl-Eerik
Published: November 2015

The effect of miniflaps for increasing the L/D ratio and the lift coefficient has been studied on airliners as well as on UAV-s and wind turbines. For sailplanes the lift when Cl > 1.0 is of main interest. As the maximum wing loading of racing sailplanes reaches 60–62 kg/m2, it is necessary to achieve a high Cl max (1.7–1.8) in thermals. In this case the decrease in TAS caused by a high Cl max even compensates for the drop of the L/D ratio to a certain extent, as the climb speed will increase when the spiral flight radius diminishes in thermals. To bring the L/D to Cl > 1.0, a 2% chord miniflap at a 30° deflection angle was attached to the trailing edge of a Jantar-Standard 3 type sailplane wing (airfoil NN-8). In flight tests it was found that the miniflap increased the sailplane‘s Cl max to 1.35–1.66, i.e. by 23% (Re 1.0–0.92×106). At the same time the L/D ratio Cl increased by over 1.0. Especially good L/D improvement was noted with Cl at 1.13–1.19. In thermal Cl of 1.57–1.65 the roll control was good. At lower Cl < 1.0 values, the miniflap reduced the L/D ratio in comparison with a normal configuration.
AN ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM FOR FORECASTING AUSTRALIA’S DOMESTIC LOW COST CARRIER PASSENGER DEMAND
Authors: Srisaeng Panarat , Baxter Glenn S. , Wild Graham
Published: November 2015

This study has proposed and empirically tested two Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models for the first time for predicting Australia‘s domestic low cost carriers‘ demand, as measured by enplaned passengers (PAX Model) and revenue passenger kilometres performed (RPKs Model). In the ANFIS, both the learning capabilities of an artificial neural network (ANN) and the reasoning capabilities of fuzzy logic are combined to provide enhanced prediction capabilities, as compared to using a single methodology. Sugeno fuzzy rules were used in the ANFIS structure and the Gaussian membership function and linear membership functions were also developed. The hybrid learning algorithm and the subtractive clustering partition method were used to generate the optimum ANFIS models. Data was normalized in order to increase the model‘s training performance. The results found that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the overall data set of the PAX and RPKs models was 1.52% and 1.17%, respectively. The highest R2-value for the PAX model was 0.9949 and 0.9953 for the RPKs model, demonstrating that the models have high predictive capabilities.
EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLICATION OF MODAL ANALYSIS FOR THE MONITORING OF STRESSED OR OPERATED STRUCTURES
Authors: Mironov Aleksey , Doronkin Pavel , Priklonsky Aleksander , Chate Andris
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a brief summary of the research results of the application of experimental and operational modal analysis (EMA and OMA) effectiveness for the assessment of the change in the condition of operating structures by modifying their dynamic characteristics. Special focus is given to the topicality of the operational modal analysis for the definition of the dynamic features of the structures (frequencies, modes and deformation) under near-natural conditions. The research was conducted using two operating laboratory models, when the first one imitated a part of a fuel/gas pipeline and the second – a helicopter blade. The results of finite-element model simulation, identification of natural mode and the influence of the two types of virtual defects on the changes in the dynamic properties are provided. The work describes the results of experimental research of the dynamic behaviour of the pipe model, using the methods of OMA and comparing them with the modelling results. The research results demonstrate how the modification of the condition of the large-scaled models impacts pipe and blade models when the defects of local and global nature are introduced.
Jaunųjų mokslininkų architektų konferencija „K. Šešelgio skaitymai-2009“ – tradicijos tąsos kelyje
Authors: Stauskis Gintaras
Published: November 2015

Straipsnyje apžvelgiama ir analizuojama jaunųjų mokslininkų architektų konferencijų „K.Šešelgio skaitymai“ istorija 1999 – 2009 metų laikotarpiu. Pabrėžtina Europos Sąjungos dokumentų, apibrėžiančių darnios plėtros principus architektūroje, suformuluotus Europos Urbanistikos chartijoje, Leipcigo chartijoje, Europos Kraštovaizdžio chartijoje, Bristolio susitarime ir kituose, svarba. Šalių mokslui ir pažangai pasiekti labai svarbu, kad šie strateginiai principai atsispindėtų jaunųjų mokslininkų architektų vykdomuose tyrimo darbuose. Būtent tai formuoja konferencijų „K.Šešelgio skaitymai“ charakterį ir apibrėžia jų liekamąją vertę. Per pastarąjį ešimtmetį įvyksta jau vienuoliktoji konferencija, kurioje daugiausia straipsnių publikavo autoriai iš Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto ur Kauno Technologijos universiteto. Konferencija laukia autorių ir iš kitų užsienio šalių.
Integruoto planavimo problematika Lietuvos planavimo sistemoje
Authors: Jakaitis Jonas
Published: November 2015

Integruotos šalies urbanistinės politikos valdymo sistemos kūrimo, inovacijų diegimo urbanistinės modernizacijos, renovuojant pastatus, kontekste problemų ištyrimas yra svarbus siekiant gamtinės, urbanistinės, ekonominės-socialinės aplinkos, miesto urbanistinių struktūrų darnos. Realizuojant šalies miestų architektūros politikos strateginio lygmens uždavinius būtina tobulinti valdymą integruojant žemesnio lygmens teritorijų planavimo procesus. Labai svarbu užtikrinti gerą veiksmų bei darbų koordinaciją racionaliai paskirstant pareigas tarp institucijų. Šioje situacijoje vienas iš pagrindinių valdžios uždavinių yra rasti būdus, kaip įgyvendinant miestų plėtros politiką valdyti šiuos procesus, kaip formuoti racionalią ir skaidrią sprendimų paruošimo, priėmimo, finansavimo ir vykdymo kontrolės sistemą. Lyginant kitų šalių planavimo patirtį, būtina įvertinti teisės aktais apibrėžtų procedūrų efektyvumą siūlomų EK direktyvinių dokumentų bei rekomendacijų kontekste, siūlant kompleksinio planavimo modelio taikymo galimybę.
Parametrinis požiūris stambių urbanistinių architektūrinių objektų projektavimo srityje
Authors: Riekstiņš Arne
Published: November 2015

Dingstant riboms tarp skirtingų mokslo sričių atsiranda naujų požiūrių į šiuolaikinę architektūrą. Autorius pristato skaitmeninę architektūrą, perėmusią aeronautikos, jūrų, automobilių, dizaino objektų principus ir gebančią generuoti. Savo nuostatas autorius sugretina su naujausiomis architektūrinio projektavimo metodologijomis. Siūlomas projektavimo procesas apima šiuos etapus: vertingų statistinių duomenų apie sklypą ekstrapoliavimas į trijų dimensijų diagramas, planuojamo medžiagiškumo nustatymas, tuo pat metu pristatoma konstrukcija ir struktūriškas apvalkalas, objekto kontaktas su pagrindu, siūloma interjero programa su pastato aukštais ir erdvėmis, statybos seka, prototipo gamyba. Autoriaus straipsnyje aprašytas būdas pasižymi ypatingomis atlikimo galimybėmis ir yra pritaikomas įvairių architektūrinių objektų projektavimui.
Naujojo urbanizmo potencialas besivystant Vilniaus miestui
Authors: Brown Catherine
Published: November 2015

Augant postsovietinei privatizacijai, Vilniaus augimui ir vystymui taikyti vakarietiški raidos modeliai. Miestas keičiasi greitai, paneigdamas sovietinio planavimo praktiką ir išnaudodamas Europos Sąjungos ir privačias investicijas. Miesto planavimu siekiama darnaus augimo ir vystimosi sprendžiant sovietinių gyvenamųjų rajonų ir padrikos priemiesčių plėtros kontrolės problemas. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip Vilniaus planavimo srityje galėtų būti pasinaudota populiaraus amerikietiško planavimo – Naujojo urbanizmo principais kaip tinkama priemone, atitinkančia kintančio miesto iššūkius.
Kai kurie Lietuvos sakralinės architektūros raidos bruožai XX–XXI a.
Authors: Krūgelis Linas
Published: November 2015

Lietuvos sakralinės architektūros raida XX a. vyko fragmentiškai, patirdama ilgą sąstingio periodą. Okupacijos periodu dėl religinės minties persekiojimo naujų bažnyčių nebuvo statoma. Tai lėmė sunkų ir kartais chaotišką sakralinės architektūros atgimimą XX a. pabaigoje. Todėl šio straipsnio tikslas yra aprašyti kai kuriuos Lietuvos sakralinės architektūros bruožus minėtu laikotarpiu, pateikiant teigiamus ir neigiamus pavyzdžius, atskleisti skirtingų architektų indėlį formuojant lietuviškos sakralinės architektūros tradicijas.
Kai kurie medinės architektūros aspektai sovietmečio Lietuvoje
Authors: Gabrėnas Arnoldas
Published: November 2015

Autorius straipsnyje analizuoja kai kuriuos medinės architektūros aspektus sovietmečio Lietuvoje. Atliktas tyrimas leidžia teigti, jog pirmaisiais sovietmečio dešimtmečiais medis dažniausiai buvo naudotas tik mažaaukščių gyvenamųjų namų statyboje. Šiuose pastatuose buvo bandoma ieškoti sąsajos su tradicine liaudies architektūra, tačiau iki 7 dešimtmečio pabaigos medis kaip medžiaga architektūroje buvo naudojamas vis rečiau. Nuo 7 dešimtmečio pasaulinės regionalizmo, švietos dvasios ir modernaus medžio panaudojimo architektūroje idėjos ir pavyzdžiai paskatino Lietuvos architektus vėl prisiminti primirštą medžiagą. Prasiplėtė pastatų, kurių architektūroje buvo panaudotas medis, tipologija ir geografija. Sovietmečio medinė architektūra negausi, tačiau išskirtinė, įdomi ir reikšminga Lietuvos architektūros istorijai, todėl jos tyrimams reikėtų skirti didesnį dėmesį.
The spatiotemporal pattern of earthworm community in the grass savannas of Lamto (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Rossi Jean-Pierre , Lavelle Patrick
Published: November 2015

The impact of earthworms on both soil physical properties and soil organic matter dynamics has been well documented (Lavelle and Spain 2001). There is a wealth of literature dedicated to the biological mechanisms at work or to empirical approaches based on field data. Assessing the functional role of a species or community implies establishing both time and space scales at which it is effectively the primary determinant of the process(es) at hand. In that context, space-time data analyses are powerful tools to process community data collected on numerous occasions but are, however, not widely disseminated in the community of ecologists. Although computer resources are available, one difficulty is that ad hoc field data are not always easily available which hinders the percolation of the methods.

We provide the results of a 5 dates survey of earthworm community in a grass savanna of Lamto (Ivory Coast) conducted between 1995 and 1997. At each sampling date, earthworm community was assessed by hand-sorting a set of 100 soil monoliths distributed on a regular grid of 5 m mesh. These data were analyzed in Rossi (2003a) and are published here with the aim that they could be reanalyzed using new statistical tools (e.g. MEM analyses see Jiménez et al. 2014) or serve as example for researchers that train on space-time statistical methods.
Un atoll emblématique des risques environnementaux ? Funafuti (archipel de Tuvalu) entre menace planétaire et contraintes quotidiennes
Authors: Rufin-Soler Caroline , Lageat Yannick
Published: November 2015

Sur la disparition programmée de Tuvalu se sont accordées doxa scientifique et rumeur médiatique : l'élévation du niveau marin ne peut, par la submersion de cet archipel, qu'apporter la preuve dirimante d'un changement climatique global. Cette disparition considérée comme inexorable a déjà conduit à s'interroger sur la réalité juridique d'un État déterritorialisé et sur l'identité d'une communauté condamnée à l'exil. Peut-on imaginer un décalage plus flagrant entre les fantasmes qu'inspirent la destinée de ces neuf îles coralliennes et le quotidien de ses habitants ? Plus que la perspective d'une inéluctable élévation du niveau marin, et d'un exode forcé, leurs préoccupations immédiates se portent sur les déficits pluviométriques, sur la surabondance des déchets ménagers, sur la salinisation et la pollution de la lentille d'eau douce, autant de contraintes auxquelles se trouve, en particulier, confrontée l'île-capitale qui rassemble désormais plus de 5 000 habitants sur moins de 150 hectares. Abreuvés de prévisions alarmistes, les Tuvaluans se refusent néanmoins à se projeter à la fin du XXI e  siècle quand ils seraient inéluctablement appelés à devenir les premiers « réfugiés climatiques », et, s'ils marquent un fort attachement à leur territoire, ils sont encore loin de se mobiliser pour surmonter les difficultés présentes qu'ils y vivent, loin de l'image idyllique associée aux îles atolliennes.
Une famille de mesures d'intégration internationale des territoires. Applications aux cas du commerce international (1995-2007) et de la diffusion des pièces euros étrangères en France (2002-2011)
Authors: Grasland Claude , Le Texier Marion
Published: November 2015

Comment mesurer le degré d'intégration internationale des territoires (villes, régions ou pays) dans une perspective comparative, dans le temps ou l'espace ? Les auteurs suggèrent dans un premier temps de décomposer le concept en trois dimensions complémentaires : (i) les indicateurs d'intensité de l'intégration internationale qui mesurent la part des relations internationales par rapport à l'ensemble des relations nouées par un territoire ; (ii) les indicateurs de diversité de l'intégration internationale qui mesurent le degré de dispersion des relations internationales d'un lieu, toutes choses égales quant à leur intensité ; (iii) les indicateurs de portée de l'intégration internationale qui évaluent le poids relatif des relations internationales mettant en jeu des lieux proches ou éloignés. Ils proposent, dans un second temps, une méthode de filtrage par modèle gravitaire permettant de distinguer des relations internationales « banales » et des relations internationales « spécifiques ».
Anatomie d'une politique régionale de lutte contre les discriminations
Authors: L’Horty Yannick
Published: November 2015

Nous avons construit une base de données recensant l'ensemble des actions subventionnées par la région Île-de-France dans le domaine de la lutte contre les discriminations et pour l'égalité des sexes entre janvier 2008 et mars 2012. Chacune des 455 actions est particulière dans son objet, ses modalités de mise en œuvre, les publics qui en bénéficient et les territoires où elle se déploie. Néanmoins, des traits communs caractérisent la politique régionale. Les actions sont pour l'essentiel portées par des associations qui sont un acteur majeur de la lutte contre les discriminations. La logique de financement sur projet, inhérente à ces dispositifs, conduit à des défauts de coordination qui induisent des inégalités selon tel ou tel sous-domaine. Cette différence de traitement des publics se double d'une différence dans la couverture territoriale des dispositifs. Les territoires franciliens sont très inégalement couverts par les dispositifs de lutte contre les discriminations.
Mesure de l'impact d'une politique publique visant à favoriser l'installation et le maintien de médecins généralistes : l'exemple du soutien au développement des maisons et pôles de santé en France
Authors: Chevillard Guillaume , Mousques Julien , Lucas-Gabrielli Véronique , Bourgueil Yann , Rican Stéphane , Salem Gérard
Published: November 2015

Cet article propose une première évaluation des maisons et pôles de santé à travers une démarche mobilisant des outils géographique et économétrique. L'objectif de cette double démarche est l'analyse de l'implantation de ces structures, puis une analyse de l'impact de celles-ci sur la densité de médecins généralistes libéraux. La méthodologie repose sur l'élaboration de typologies spatiales, puis d'une analyse cas-témoin comparant l'évolution de la densité de médecins généralistes dans les espaces avec et sans maisons de santé, avant et après la généralisation de cette politique. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence une implantation davantage rurale de ces structures, de surcroît dans des espaces fragiles, ainsi qu'une moindre diminution de l'offre dans certains espaces ruraux et périurbains dotés de maisons et pôles de santé.
Rail – Voie d'eau, une combinaison contre-nature ? La desserte ferroviaire des ports franciliens et ses développements potentiels
Authors: Beyer Antoine , Verhaeghe Laetitia
Published: November 2015

Les relations entre transports ferroviaire et fluvial ont surtout été envisagées sous l'angle de l'impitoyable concurrence à laquelle se sont livrés les deux modes pour le transport de masse. Aujourd'hui toutefois, un intérêt croissant est porté à leur éventuelle complémentarité. Ce discours encore émergent est porté aussi bien par les grands opérateurs de transport dans le couloir de la Seine que par les autorités portuaires qui ont hérité d'installations ferroviaires portuaires. Le rapprochement des deux modes est aussi vivement encouragé par les autorités publiques avec pour ambition de faire jouer aux ports un rôle de plateformes multimodales en cohérence avec une politique de transfert modal. Après avoir rappelé les éléments contextuels, cette contribution qui s'inscrit dans une perspective d'aménagement cherche à établir les possibles complémentarités des modes fluvial et ferroviaire dans le cadre des ports franciliens dont la gestion a été confiée à Ports de Paris en 2012.
Une opération d’utilité publique au service d’intérêts privés : l’exemple de la création du quartier Mazarin d’Aix (1646-1750)
Authors: Puget Julien
Published: November 2015

Les villes européennes connaissent à l’époque moderne un mouvement de croissance généralisée. L’historiographie urbaine de ces vingt dernières années a bien souligné le rôle moteur joué par les communautés ecclésiastiques dans cette effervescence constructrice. L’importance de la pierre au sein de leur patrimoine, et le recours massif à des formes dissociées de la propriété pour mettre en valeur leur capital, ont constitué des facteurs décisifs dans la fabrique de la ville d’Ancien Régime. Cependant, il ne nous avait pas encore été possible d’apprécier ces pratiques de lotissement à l’échelle d’une ville entière. Le cas de l’agrandissement d’Aix de 1646 mené par l’archevêque Mazarin permet de combler cette lacune. Par l’étude croisée du cadre administratif déployé, et des contrats de vente des différentes parcelles, il nous est permis d’envisager ici la complexité des motivations sous-tendant un projet qui oscille entre utilité publique et enrichissement personnel.
Les mots grecs de la ville antique d’après l’ Onomasticon de Pollux
Authors: Mathé Virginie , Moretti Jean-Charles , Rabatel Liliane
Published: November 2015

Le groupe de travail Les mots grecs de la ville antique s’attache à traduire, commenter et illustrer les paragraphes relatifs à la polis dans l’ Onomasticon de Pollux de Naucratis. Ce lexique thématique, composé au II e s. apr. J.-C. et dédié au futur empereur Commode, est le seul ouvrage où se trouvent rassemblés les termes grecs pour dire la ville. S’intéressant aux mots, mais ne négligeant pas les choses, l’auteur reflète les conceptions antiques de la ville dans l’Orient méditerranéen : imbrication du politique et de l’urbain, prédominance des édifices publics dans la définition de l’espace urbain, inscription de la ville dans un territoire dont elle constitue le centre qu’on aborde à l’échelle du visiteur. Bien que Pollux se fonde avant tout sur la littérature de l’Athènes des V e et IV e s. av. J.-C., son vocabulaire permet aussi de parler des villes d’autres régions et d’autres époques. Il offre donc la possibilité de s’interroger sur les représentations que les Grecs se faisaient de leurs villes de l’époque classique à l’époque impériale.
Le déroulement d’un chantier parisien sous l’Ancien Régime : le dégagement des ponts et des quais
Authors: Carbonnier Youri
Published: November 2015

En 1786, après des années de réflexion, la Ville de Paris lance la démolition des maisons bâties sur les ponts. Des sources exceptionnellement généreuses (archives, mais aussi images, en particulier les toiles quasi documentaires d’Hubert Robert) font de ce chantier un observatoire unique de l’activité du bâtiment et des travaux publics. Depuis les appels d’offre et les adjudications jusqu’aux finitions, en passant par les phases les plus concrètes de la démolition, on connaît ainsi l’emprise spatiale du chantier et son organisation, les métiers à l’œuvre, leurs horaires, les malversations de certains entrepreneurs, les nuisances pour le voisinage et les accidents. Par le changement notable qu’il induit dans le paysage du cœur de la capitale, par son organisation complexe et par son montage financier, ce dernier grand chantier de l’Ancien Régime annonce déjà les grands travaux parisiens du XIX e siècle.
In vitro evidence for efficacy in food intolerance for the multispecies probiotic formulation Ecologic® Tolerance (Syngut™).
Authors: Besseling-van der Vaart I. , Heath M.D. , Guagnini F. , Kramer M.F.
Published: November 2015

The beneficial effects of probiotics are currently the subject of extensive studies in health and medical research. The aim of this research was to specifically design a new probiotic formulation for supplementation in people suffering from food intolerance. The selection of strains was focussed on the capacity to influence mechanisms of action that are important in development of food intolerance with the following parameters measure: in vitro capacity to produce β-galactosidase, in vitro strengthening of the epithelial barrier, in vitro stimulation of cytokines produced by regulatory T cells, in addition to assessing fundamental quality criteria (stability, gastrointestinal (GI)-survival, multispecies concept, allergen-free). Ecologic®Tolerance/Syngut™ was subsequently developed consisting of a multispecies concept using 4 different probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Lactobacillus acidophilus W22, Lactobacillus plantarum W21 and Lactococcus lactis W19). Each of these strains demonstrated ability to survive the GI-tract and strain specific effects in producing β-galactosidase, strengthening the gut barrier function after immunological-induced stress and inhibiting Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 (≥50%), in addition to stimulating interleukin-10 levels; thus, providing in vitro evidence for the efficacy of the selected strains to provide beneficial effects in patients suffering from food intolerance.
Establishing a causal link between gut microbes, body weight gain and glucose metabolism in humans – towards treatment with probiotics
Authors: Stenman L.K. , Burcelin R. , Lahtinen S.
Published: November 2015

Changes in the gut microbiota are associated with metabolic disorders, such as overweight and elevated blood glucose. Mouse studies have shown that gut microbiota can regulate metabolism with a mechanism related to gut barrier function. An impaired gut barrier permits the translocation of bacteria and their components which, when in contact with the sub-mucosal immune system, evoke metabolic inflammation and distract signalling in metabolically active tissues. Despite thorough research of the topic in animals, the hypothesis is yet to be proven in humans. Cross-sectional studies have shown that certain bacterial populations – such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Christensenellaceae – are better represented in lean individuals compared to those who are overweight or metabolically unhealthy. Although these differences reflect those seen in mice, it is possible that they are caused by different dietary or other lifestyle habits. Diet has an indisputable influence on gut microbiota making it very difficult to draw conclusions on microbiota-host interactions from cross-sectional studies. Certain research areas do, however, indicate that gut microbiota could causally influence metabolism. Several studies show that antibiotic use in infancy increases body weight in later childhood. Also, probiotics are emerging as a potential therapy for metabolic syndrome. In fact, a handful of human studies and numerous animal studies show promise for probiotics in reducing blood glucose levels or improving insulin sensitivity. For weight management human evidence is scarcer. Nevertheless, it is becoming increasingly recognised that gut microbiota plays a part regulating metabolism, also in humans, which gives rise to novel opportunities for preventative and treatment strategies.
Use of the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression Assessment in Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Willborn Robert J. , Barnacle Mykell , Maack Brody , Petry Natasha , Werremeyer Amy , Strand Mark A.
Published: November 2015

The purpose of the current study was to assess the frequency and distribution of the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) among individuals with type 2 diabetes with and without depression. The current case-control study used electronic medical record data from two primary care institutions. The sample was divided into cases with coexisting depression and type 2 diabetes and controls without depression. Data included demographics, biomarkers, number of services delivered, and clinic visits in 2013. Similar PHQ-9 use was seen between unique primary care practices. However, less than one third of patients at either site received depression screening with the PHQ-9 in 2013. Male and older adult patients were less likely to receive assessment. Guideline ambiguity and lack of accountability in primary care practice has made the use of depression metrics arbitrary in diabetic populations at risk for depression. To assure adequate care provision, it is imperative that proven tools for assessing depressive symptoms are used. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
54
(1), 56–63.]
How Exercise Influences Cognitive Performance When Mild Cognitive Impairment Exists: A Literature Review
Authors: Cai Yun , Abrahamson Kathleen
Published: November 2015

Older adults who present with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have an increased risk of developing more advanced dementia. However, no pharmacological treatment currently exists to slow the progression of or reverse MCI. The purpose of the current systematic review is to summarize evidence surrounding the impact of exercise interventions on the cognitive performance levels of community-dwelling older adults with MCI. Computerized database and ancestry search strategies located distinct intervention trials between 1990 and 2015. Results indicated that physical exercise may benefit cognitive function among older adults who have MCI, including improvements in global cognition, executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed. Physical exercise may also positively impact the physiology of the aging brain. However, evidence surrounding the characteristics of effective physical exercise interventions in terms of exercise type, intensity, duration, and frequency remains limited. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
54
(1), 25–35.]
Analyzing Temporal Patterns of Groups and Individuals in an Online Learning Forum
Authors: Cheng Mengmeng , Su ChienYuan , Zhang Jianping , Yang Yuhui
Published: November 2015

Time plays a fundamental role to benefit and challenge the online discussion. It allows considering the temporal aspect both for analyzing of how learning takes places through online discussion, and for designing effective structures to support discussion activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal patterns of group and individuals participation in the discussion forum. Data were collected from the logs and the postings of college students. This study firstly investigated the temporal patterns of group participation in the discussion forum, and then analyzed how promptness and initiative of individuals in online discussion related with their grades at the end of the semester. Results revealed that students posted mainly in the first 23 days and among deadline. Students preferred discussing with others around the course content after they learned something related as soon as possible. They were willing to post in the morning and evening. There was strong relationship between students’ promptness and initiative of the online discussion and their grades. Reasons for these results were discussed.
Development and Application of Offline Learning System in College Teaching
Authors: Zhong Xiaoyan
Published: November 2015

with the improvement of science and technology, and internet popularization, offline teaching and multimedia teaching are standing out in teaching of each discipline, compared with traditional teaching mode. Firstly, this paper summarizes design contents and requirements of physical education teaching system in offline learning system, designs the framework and core module of offline learning system teaching according to requirements of college physical education curriculum and finally succeeds in designing offline learning system of college physical education curriculum. This system can meet students’ offline learning requirements and is compatible with online learning mode based on SCORM standards in some aspects. Empirical study on system operation and application proves that offline learning system of physical education curriculum has significant teaching effects.
Les traités normatifs brāhmaniques dans le comparatisme des mariages indo-européens de G. Dumézil
Authors: Ducœur Guillaume
Published: November 2015

L’étude comparée que Georges Dumézil (1898-1986) mena sur les différentes formes de mariages en Inde et à Rome avait abouti, en 1979, à l’implication de l’idéologie trifonctionnelle dans leur répartition sociale. La présente contribution montre que cette conclusion repose sur un comparatisme orienté et réducteur, son auteur ayant fait le choix délibéré de reclasser socialement certains modes de mariages indiens des traités normatifs brāhmaniques en fonction de sa théorie de la trifonctionnalité indo-européenne de 1938 et d’en écarter d’autres afin de faire entrer l’usus romain dans le cadre de la deuxième fonction.
Le mariage homérique et ses logiques
Authors: Scheid-Tissinier Évelyne
Published: November 2015

Cette étude propose de mettre en évidence les processus et les stratégies qui caractérisent les mariages aristocratiques mis en scène par les poèmes homériques. Des mariages marqués par la présence de prestations matrimoniales spécifiques, le don de têtes de bétail, les hedna, fournis à son futur beau-père par le gendre et qui lui permettent d’emmener en retour la fiancée comme épouse légitime dans son propre oikos. Cet échange s’accompagne de rivalités lorsque plusieurs prétendants ambitionnent la main de la même jeune fille et aussi d’intenses négociations. En revanche certaines circonstances peuvent amener le beau-père à souhaiter donner sa fille comme épouse «  sans hedna  ». Par ailleurs, d’autres cadeaux interviennent dont le rôle pour être moins visible est tout aussi réel  : il s’agit des objets précieux (bijoux, vêtements) que le père offre à sa fille le jour des ses noces et qui accompagnent la mariée. Entreposés dans le trésor du palais, ils témoignent par leur présence du rang élevé de la famille de l’épouse et du souci qu’a eu son père de l’honorer. Autant d’éléments qui contribuent à fixer le statut de la femme dans sa nouvelle famille.
Relire le Satyricon. Pline le Jeune et les chrétiens, cibles du roman secret d’un affranchi cultivé
Authors: Ratti Stéphane
Published: November 2015

On propose dans la première partie de cette étude de dater le Satyricon de la fin du règne de Trajan, après 107-111, et de situer sa composition dans la maisonnée de Pline le Jeune. Dans ce contexte la présence d’allusions aux Évangiles dans le roman non seulement n’est plus impossible mais devient vraisemblable. La seconde partie de l’étude se propose d’examiner le dossier en tenant compte de cette nouvelle datation du roman et des conséquences importantes qui en découlent pour l’interprétation d’un ouvrage qui n’est sans doute pas l’œuvre d’un aristocrate observant de haut le monde des esclaves mais celle d’un intellectuel issu du milieu des affranchis et d’un observateur privilégié et amusé du monde aristocratique de Pline le Jeune et de son temps.
Medical Treatment and Difficult Ethical Decisions in Interdisciplinary Hospital Teams
Authors: Rosiek Anna , Leksowski Krzysztof , Goch Aleksander , Rosiek-Kryszewska Aleksandra , Leksowski Łukasz
Published: November 2015

The chapter focuses on organizational culture and ethics, and authors refer to some studies on organizational climate. Authors analyze the relationship between organizational culture and types of performance indicators, which include key concerns of policy makers and the public regarding of hospital behavior. The indicators include resource use per patient (communication process and treatment method, technology, ethical behavior), productivity in resource use (by improving the teamwork and staff education), short-term profitability, patient satisfaction with medical care, and employee satisfaction with improved work culture.
Ethical Aspects of Talking to a Patient
Authors: Ossowski Roman , Izdebski Paweł
Published: November 2015

A very important role in the diagnosing process is played by the conversation with a patient, which should always have a diagnostic-therapeutic character. The subject of interest of this paper are the relations between medical personnel and patients. The chapter aimed to explain the application of main ethical theories in conversation with patients as a diagnostic-therapeutic instrument. As an example, a case study illustrates basic ethical principles of such a conversation. It as an instrument of diagnosis and therapy retained its value despite introducing numerous methods of diagnosis based on the findings of modern physics or electronics. In our view, the conversation should always aim at the benefit of the patient and the results of treatment as well as sustaining patient's subjectivity and hope for achieving a higher quality of life.