bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public mental health facility closures and criminal justice contact in Chicago
Authors: Muchow Ashley N. , Laurito Agustina
Published: August 2024

Research summary

In 2012, Chicago closed half of its public mental health clinics, which provide services to those in need regardless of their insurance status or ability to pay. Critics of the closures argued that they would result in service shortages and divert untreated patients to the criminal justice system. We explore this claim by examining whether and to what extent the closures increased criminal justice contact. Using a difference‐in‐differences framework, we compare arrests and mental health transports in block groups located within a half mile of clinics that closed to those equidistant from clinics that remained open. While we find evidence that police‐initiated mental health transports increased following the closures, we do not observe similar changes in arrests.

Policy implications

Chicago's mental health clinic closures remain a contentious issue to this day. Our results suggest that the shuttered clinics were meeting a need that, when left unmet, created conditions for mental health emergencies. While the closures do not appear to have routed untreated patients to the county jail, they increased police contact and, subsequently, transportation to less specialized emergency care facilities. Our findings demonstrate the need to strengthen health care access, crisis prevention, and the mental health safety net to preclude police from acting as mental health responders of last resort.
Review article: Evidence‐based dietary management of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gibson Peter R. , Yao C. K. , Halmos Emma P.
Published: August 2024

Background

Dietary management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves more than defining a therapeutic diet. The profusion of ‘expert advice’ is not necessarily built on evidence.

Aims

To provide evidence‐based guidance on all clinically relevant aspects of nutritional and dietary management of patients with IBD.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the published literature was made.

Results

Four pillars of management should be considered in all patients. First, nutritional status should be optimised, since myopenia and visceral obesity are associated with poorer outcomes, which can be improved with attention to their correction. Accurate point‐of‐care measurement of body composition is advocated to identify problems, guide interventions and monitor outcomes. Second, exclusive enteral nutrition and the Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet with partial enteral nutrition in reducing intestinal inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease have sufficient evidence to be advocated. Multiple other dietary approaches, while promising, have insufficient evidence to be recommended. Third, dietary approaches are important in symptomatic control in many non‐inflammatory scenarios. Finally, guidance on following a healthy diet is fundamental to the general health of patients. Multiple approaches are advocated, but the optimal strategy is unclear. The precarious nutritional status of patients with IBD together with the risks of nutritional inadequacy and maladaptive eating behaviours associated with restrictive diets dictate involvement of expert dietitians in assessment and personalised delivery of dietary interventions.

Conclusions

Four pillars of nutritional management require specific assessment and interventional strategies that should be chosen by evidence. Optimal delivery requires the skills of a specialised dietitian.
Genome‐wide association study for conformation traits in Ayrshire cattle
Authors: Azovtseva Anastasiia Ivanovna , Pozovnikova Marina Vladimirovna , Shcherbakov Yuriy Sergheevich , Tulinova Olga Vasilievna , Romanova Elena Anatolyevna , Ryabova Anna Evgenievna
Published: August 2024

The genetic improvement of cattle is able to provide the highest economic efficiency. Animals with best external features often have the highest indicators of productivity and nonspecific resistance. In order to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and genes, potentially responsible for conformation traits of Ayrshire cattle, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Blood samples were collected from 495 first‐calf Ayrshire heifers. For all animals, a linear assessment was carried out, which consisted of 17 conformation traits and 13 exterior flaws. Our study revealed a total of 43 SNPs on chromosomes BTA1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22, 25, 27, and 29 associated with conformation traits, four of which have met the significance threshold. Among these four significant SNPs, genes associated with exterior flaws such as tilted udder floor and weak loin and SNPs associated with weak back were identified. The markers and genes identified in the corresponding genomic regions are promising candidates for further investigation of the biological processes involved in cow exterior formation and function. The results obtained, including the MYO1B gene associated with weak loin, PEPD and ZFC3H1 genes related to tilted udder floor, and EDNRB gene associated with weak back can be effectively used as molecular markers in genomic selection programs.
A Qualitative Study Focussing on the Acquisition of Psychotherapy Competencies in Core Psychiatry Training and the Effect of Covid‐19
Authors: Baban Alan , Hillen Thomas , Story Giles W. , Burn Wendy , Curtis Vivienne
Published: August 2024

Acquiring competence in psychotherapy is a mandatory part of psychiatric training in the UK. Within their first 3 years of ‘Core Psychiatry’ training, doctors are expected to deliver both short‐term and long‐term psychotherapy treatments, supervised by the local Medical Psychotherapy tutor. During the Covid‐19 pandemic, these treatments and their supervisions were carried out remotely. This pan‐London qualitative research study, commissioned by the Health Education England London School of Psychiatry, aimed to explore trainees' and trainers' experiences of the psychotherapy curriculum within Core Psychiatric training, as well as their experiences of remote work during the pandemic. Seventeen participants were interviewed (out of 19 who came forward), including both trainees and trainers working within the London region. Thematic analysis of the transcripts of the semi‐structured interviews identified five main themes with associated sub‐themes. The results suggest that trainees found their psychotherapy experience to be enriching. However, there is work to be done around barriers and anxieties faced by trainees, for instance concerning the impact of patient drop out on training progression. Remote work posed additional issues for trainers and trainees in addressing psychotherapy competencies, with feelings of disconnection and loss being prominent.
Fibroblast activation protein constitutes a novel target of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy in solid tumors
Authors: Meng Sikun , Hara Tomoaki , Miura Yutaka , Ishii Hideshi
Published: August 2024

With recent advances in tumor immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy has achieved unprecedented success in several hematologic tumors, significantly improving patient prognosis. However, in solid tumors, the efficacy of CAR‐T cell therapy is limited because of high antigen uncertainty and the extremely restrictive tumor microenvironment (TME). This challenge has led to the exploration of new targets, among which fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has gained attention for its relatively stable and specific expression in the TME of various solid tumors, making it a potential new target for CAR‐T cell therapy. This study comprehensively analyzed the biological characteristics of FAP and discussed its potential application in CAR‐T cell therapy, including the theoretical basis, and preclinical and clinical research progress of targeting FAP with CAR‐T cell therapy for solid tumor treatment. The challenges and future optimization directions of this treatment strategy were also explored, providing new perspectives and strategies for CAR‐T cell therapy in solid tumors.
Novel PLEC variants associated with infantile cholestasis
Authors: Kor‐anantakul Phawin , Chen Huey‐Ling , Chen Ya‐Hui , Ittiwut Chupong , Ittiwut Rungnapa , Chaijitraruch Nataruks , Suphapeetiporn Kanya , Chongsrisawat Voranush
Published: August 2024

Plectin is a cytoskeletal linker of intermediate filaments, encoded by the PLEC gene. Recently, plectin mutations have been identified in a pair of siblings with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Here, we reported two unrelated infants with plectinopathy causing cholestatic jaundice with novel variants in the PLEC gene. Trio exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in the PLEC gene for each patient: c.71‐11768C>T and c.4331G>T (p.Arg1444Leu) in Patient 1, and c.592C>T (p.Arg198Trp) and c.4322G>A (p.Arg1441His) in Patient 2. Immunofluorescence staining of liver samples from both patients revealed scattered signals of plectin in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and reduced colocalization of plectin and cytokeratin 8. This study not only underscores the involvement of plectin in cholestasis but also highlights the utility of exome sequencing as a powerful diagnostic tool in identifying genetic underpinnings of infantile cholestasis.
Ecosystem extent is a necessary but not sufficient indicator of the state of global forest biodiversity
Authors: Ferrier Simon , Ware Chris , Austin Jenet M. , Grantham Hedley S. , Harwood Thomas D. , Watson James E. M.
Published: August 2024

The Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework lays out an ambitious set of goals and targets aimed at halting and reversing biodiversity loss. The extent of natural ecosystems has been selected as one of a small set of headline indicators against which countries will report progress under this framework. We evaluate the effectiveness with which this indicator is expected to capture the overall scope of the ecosystem‐focused component of Goal A, and interlinkages with the species‐focused component of this same goal, using extensive global data on the integrity, connectivity, and plant species composition of forests. Results generated for all forest‐supporting countries demonstrate that consideration of these additional factors can profoundly alter understanding of the state of forest biodiversity relative to that based on extent alone. Employment of ecosystem extent as a headline indicator must therefore be augmented by appropriate use of component and complementary indicators addressing other key dimensions of ecosystem change.
Vitiligo – a disease: A position paper on stigmatization, life quality impairment and psychosocial comorbidity
Authors: Böhm Markus , Sommer Rachel , Gieler Uwe , Staubach Petra , Zink Alexander , Apfelbacher Christian , Peters Eva M. J.
Published: August 2024

Vitiligo is a common disorder characterized by the visible loss of skin pigmentation. Non‐segmental vitiligo (NSV) is the major subtype. The disease is caused by autoimmune‐mediated destruction of melanocytes. Vitiligo leads to stigmatization and a significant reduction in quality of life. Disregarding the psychosocial burden, vitiligo is sometimes viewed solely as a cosmetic problem and, according to a global survey, is diagnosed on average only after 2.4 years. This delay contributes to a considerable burden of disease, including suicidal ideation. Stigmatization promotes the development of psychological comorbidities such as anxiety and depressive disorders, with prevalence rates varying by country and study (0.1%–67.9%). Data for Germany are heterogeneous and largely based on estimates. Due to psychosocial factors, the inflammatory component, and a higher incidence of somatic comorbidities, NSV may be regarded as an inflammatory systemic disease. We recommend optimizing care by incorporating the assessment of quality of life as a standard in routine care, in addition to monitoring disease activity. Moreover, early screening for psychological comorbidities is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment before the condition becomes chronic and cumulative (irreversible) impairments occur. The goal is a personalized and patient‐centered integrated care approach that sustainably improves the health status of those affected.
Effectiveness of topical gabapentin cream in treating pruritus in dialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Faghihi Gita , Mohammadian Parisa , Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Akbari Mojtaba , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad , Mortazavi Mojgan
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Gabapentin is an antiepileptic drug that alleviates neuropathic pain. Its oral use reduces the intensity of pruritus in patients receiving chronic dialysis therapy. However, it could lead to toxicity because of the patients' renal deficiency. In this study, we assessed the use of gabapentin topical in treating pruritus in dialysis patients.

Methods

This randomized, triple‐blinded trial was performed on 80 patients divided into two groups randomly (40 in each group). In intervention group, 92.5% of the patients were on hemodialysis. Patients in intervention and control groups were provided with 5% gabapentin and placebo topical creams every 2 weeks for a month. Both Visual Analog Scale and 12‐item Pruritus Severity Score questionnaire were used to evaluate itching intensity and score before treatment, a month, and 2 months after starting treatment in both groups. In addition, the effect of itching on quality of life was investigated with the same questionnaire.

Findings

Eighty patients (40 in each group) participated in our study. No complication was found in our intervention group. Itching score significantly decreased after a month and 2 months of follow‐up in intervention group (p < 0.001).

Discussion

Our results showed that 5% gabapentin topical cream can be effective in reducing itching in different areas of the body. None of our patients reported complications.
The correlation between signalling 2‐phenylethanol and flavour substances of sour fish and its effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31
Authors: Jiang Qixing , Yang Shuhan , Gao Pei , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhang Zhiqing , Yang Fang , Yu Peipei , Liu Shaoquan , Xia Wenshui , Yu Dongxing
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between 2‐phenylethanol (2‐PE) signalling molecule and volatile flavour compounds, as well as how 2‐PE would affect Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 (Sc 31) growth and metabolism. Succession of 2‐PE in sour fish with and without Sc 31, as well as volatile flavour compounds, and its influence on cell morphology in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) medium were determined. Spearman showed that the content of 2‐PE had a positive correlation with inoculated Sc 31 (r = 0.785), esters (r = 0.885), and alcohols (r = 0.758). Moreover, Sc 31 growth rate was positively impacted by 2‐PE up to 500 μm in YPD medium. This could significantly increase the production of biofilm (P < 0.05) and also partially damage the cell wall and membrane. As a result, 2‐PE might affect exchange of substances between Sc 31 and the environment, which could promote the flavour generation during fermentation.
Trajectories of NEET in individuals formerly placed in out‐of‐home care: A Swedish national cohort study
Authors: Brännström Lars , Berlin Marie , Bäckman Olof , Karlsson Patrik
Published: August 2024

It is widely acknowledged that individuals with out‐of‐home care (OHC) experiences, including foster‐family care and residential care, face an increased risk of poor labour market attachment during emerging adulthood. However, limited understanding exists regarding how this attachment, conceptualized here as ‘not in employment, education, or training’ (NEET), evolves beyond young adulthood and the degree to which this development is marked by persistence or desistance. Using group‐based trajectory modelling and multinomial regression on population‐based register data for over 650,000 Swedish men and women (including approximately 14,000 with OHC experience), followed from birth to age 40, the results indicate that OHC‐experienced individuals, especially those first placed as teenagers, exhibit a substantially higher risk of persistent NEET compared to peers without OHC experience. Nevertheless, the majority of OHC‐experienced individuals followed pathways characterized by desistance. Implications for research, policy and practice are discussed.
Characteristics of arthritis in patients with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Yenigun Selcan , Ayla Ali Yagiz , Yuzbasioglu Mebrure B. , Baspinar Sura N. , Ergun Sercan , Karabicek Ali , Belli Cagri , Demirkol Fatma , Ozdogan Huri , Ugurlu Serdal
Published: August 2024

Background

Many of the familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients present with arthritis during attacks, which may vary in its characteristics.

Aims

In this study, we aimed to describe and characterise arthritis in FMF patients.

Methods

We used our hospital's record system to retrospectively identify FMF patients with arthritis who presented to our clinic between 2005 and 2020. The prevalence, laboratory results of attack, remission periods, genetic mutations, demographic data, characteristics of attacks, characteristics of arthritis, comorbidities, treatments and treatment responses were recorded.

Results

Nine hundred fifty‐four patients from a cohort of 2350 FMF patients had arthritis (40%). The male/female ratio was 0.49 in patients with arthritis. The frequency of at least one exon 10 mutation was high. The age of onset of symptoms was earlier for patients with arthritis. Monoarticular pattern was more frequent compared to oligo‐ and polyarticular patterns. Colchicine resistance was higher; the required colchicine dose for disease control and the frequency of use of biological agents were higher compared to general FMF population.

Conclusion

Since M694V mutation is common and the colchicine dose required for disease control is high, we can conclude that the disease activity is high in FMF patients with arthritis. The frequency of sacroiliitis and spondyloarthropathy is significantly increased, especially in individuals with M694V mutation, suggesting that there may be a common pathway in their pathogenesis. FMF should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with arthritis in FMF endemic regions.
The bright side of cross ownership: Evidence from the corporate resilience to COVID‐19 crisis in China
Authors: Chen Yihui , He Xin , Wei Haoyuan
Published: August 2024

We investigate the impact of cross ownership on corporate resilience around the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Chinese financial market. We show that firms with greater cross ownership experience higher corporate resilience, evidenced by a milder reduction in revenue during the COVID‐19 pandemic and a faster recovery in revenue afterwards. This effect is more pronounced for firms in high‐tech industries and large firms, firms in regions severely hit by the pandemic, and regions with better commercial credit environments. We argue that cross ownership improves the financing resources, corporate governance, and information acquisition, which enhances corporate resilience in the presence of the pandemic. Consistent with this notion, we find that firms with greater cross ownership have higher financing flexibility, fewer agency problems, and less information asymmetry during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
What influences the implementation of clinical guidelines related to enteral nutrition in the intensive care unit: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Li Jia Qi , Sun Ting , Zuo Jun Tao , Xu Yao , Cai Li Na , Zheng Heng Yu , Ye Xiang Hong
Published: August 2024

Aims

To systematically evaluate and analyse literature concerning the factors influencing the implementation of clinical practice guidelines related to enteral nutrition in the adult intensive care unit.

Background

Guidelines serve as crucial tools for guiding clinical practice. However, a significant gap persists between current clinical practice and guidelines pertaining to enteral nutrition. It is essential to identify the reasons behind this disparity to foster clinical transformation.

Methods

A mixed‐methods systematic review.

Data Sources

A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, PsycINFO and CNKI databases to identify impediments and facilitators to the implementation of ICU clinical practice guidelines related to enteral nutrition. The types of studies included quantitative, qualitative and mixed‐methods studies. The search spanned from January 2003 to January 2024 and was updated in May 2024. The quality assessment of the included literature was conducted using the Mixed‐Methods Study Evaluation Tool (MMAT). Data analysis was performed using a data‐based convergent integration approach. The protocol for this study was prospectively registered (PROSPERO2023, CRD42023483287).

Results

Twenty papers were finally included, and 65 findings were extracted, integrating a total of three categories, Category 1: healthcare provider factors, including three sub‐themes: knowledge of guideline‐related knowledge and awareness of guideline application; social/professional roles and identity domains; beliefs, attitudes and self‐efficacy; collaboration, Category 2: practice environments, including two sub‐themes: environmental factors and resource areas; systems and behavioural norms, Category 3: patient values and nutritional support preferences including two sub‐themes: patient disease status and value orientation.

Conclusion

Healthcare professionals should analyse obstacles and facilitators to guideline implementation from multiple perspectives, strengthen healthcare collaboration, improve education and training systems, correct misperceptions and increase awareness of evidence‐based practice.
Outcomes of hybrid surgical ablation and concomitant left atrial appendage exclusion in long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ahmed Adnan , Ghazal Rachad , Bawa Danish , Darden Douglas , Koerber Scott , Chilappa Rishit , Kabra Rajesh , Meeteren Justin Van , Romeya Ahmed , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Pothineni Naga Venkata K.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Management of patients with long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LSPAF) presents a clinical challenge. Hybrid convergent ablation has been shown to have superior efficacy compared to endocardial‐only ablation. However, data on concomitant left atrial appendage (LAA) management along with hybrid ablation is sparse.

Methods

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of concomitant hybrid convergent ablation and LAA clipping in patients with LSPAF. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with LSPAF who underwent hybrid surgical ablation with LAA clipping at our institution. The primary endpoint was a recurrence of atrial arrhythmias at 12 months. Further, the durability of surgical left atrial posterior wall ablation was examined during the endocardial catheter ablation using standing electrophysiological criteria.

Results

A total of 79 patients were included. Mean age was 63.5 ± 9.6 years, and 71% were males. LAA clipping was performed in 99% of patients. The mean time between the surgical and endocardial stages of the procedure was 2.6 ± 1.7 months. Persistent posterior wall activity was observed in 34.2% (n = 27/79) patients during the endocardial phase of the procedure. Cardiac implantable electronic device was used in 74% of patients for monitoring of recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The primary effectiveness of AF freedom at 12 months was 73.8% (45/61). Over a 12‐month follow‐up period, 11.4% (9/79) of patients required repeat catheter ablation, of which 88.9% (8/9) had evidence of persistent posterior wall activity.

Conclusion

Concomitant hybrid convergent ablation and LAA exclusion with an atrial clip provides reasonable long‐term AF‐free survival in patients with LSPAF. Persistent posterior wall activity is seen commonly in patients presenting with recurrent AF following hybrid convergent AF ablation.
CKIP‐1 silencing suppresses OSCC via mitochondrial homeostasis‐associated TFAM/cGAS‐STING signalling axis
Authors: Xie Ji‐Rong , Chen Xiao‐Jie , Zhou Gang
Published: August 2024

Limited effective targets have challenged the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Casein kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (CKIP‐1) is a scaffold protein involved in various diseases. However, the role of CKIP‐1 in OSCC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory role of CKIP‐1 in OSCC, as well as the involved mechanism. First, higher expression of CKIP‐1 in OSCC tissues and cell lines were found. Series of gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments demonstrated suppressed malignant behaviours and enhanced apoptosis of OSCC cells when CKIP‐1 was silenced. Also, inhibited tumour growth in CKIP‐1‐silenced group were proved. Further, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) downregulation, increased ROS production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and cGAS‐STING activation in CKIP‐1‐silenced group were observed. The involvement of mitochondrial homeostasis‐related TFAM/cGAS‐STING axis in CKIP‐1‐silenced OSCC cells was finally demonstrated by tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) that inhibits TFAM degradation. Taken together, our study demonstrated that CKIP‐1 silencing could significantly antagonize OSCC via TFAM/cGAS‐STING axis, which may provide a candidate target for OSCC treatment.
Application of the integrated data platform combined with dietary management for adults with diabetes: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Xiyu , Wang Xiaohong , Xie Mengxun , Cao Lulu
Published: August 2024

Aims

To investigate the efficacy of the integrated data platform of cloud hospital combined with dietary management for adults with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial. One hundred eighty patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated into a control group (Group A) and an experimental group (Group B). Routine standard diabetes care was applied to the patients in Group A. The integrated data platform with dietary management was applied to Group B. Individualized diabetes education videos were sent to the patients through the platform. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c and change in body weight from baseline to Week 12 during the follow‐up.

Results

At Week 12, HbA1c was 7.4 ± 0.7%, 6.9 ± 0.9% in Groups A and B, P < 0.01. The rate of fasting blood glucose <7 mmol/L, and glycosylated hemoglobin <7% was higher in Group B than in Group A. At Week 12, there was a significant weight loss and body mass index decrease in the overweight or obese patients of the experimental group. Those overweight or obese patients in the experimental group utilizing the appetite suppressant semaglutide achieved the most significant weight loss, with a 13.4% reduction after 12 weeks.

Conclusions

The integrated data platform combined with personalized diabetes education video delivery was verified to be a more effective management mode for diabetes. For overweight or obese adults with diabetes, the use of semaglutide in conjunction with dietary management and the integrated data platform led to greater weight loss.
Relationship between glycaemic control and frailty in older Chinese patients: The mediating role of diabetes distress
Authors: Li Chenyang , Sun Lili , Zhu Jing , Wang Xin , Liang Shiyu , Li Nuo , Shao Lewen
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effects of glycaemic control and diabetes distress on frailty in older Chinese patients with diabetes, and to explore the mediating role of diabetes distress between glycaemic control and frailty.

Design

This is a descriptive, cross‐sectional study. A total of 209 older patients with diabetes were recruited from a teaching hospital in Zhejiang Province. Data were collected from February to September 2022.

Methods

A self‐designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic and disease‐related data. The Fried Scale and Diabetes Distress Scale were employed to assess frailty and diabetes distress, respectively The bootstrap method was used to examine the mediating effects of diabetes distress on glycaemic control and frailty. The STROBE checklist was adhered to in the reporting of this study (see details in File ).

Results

The findings indicated a positive correlation between the level of glycaemic control and frailty, as well as between diabetes distress and frailty. Furthermore, diabetes distress was found to play a complete mediating role between glycaemic control and frailty.

Conclusions

The study findings highlight the relationship between glycaemic control, diabetes distress and frailty offering a valuable reference for enhancing the management of frailty in older patients with diabetes.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study emphasizes the significance of managing glycaemic control and diabetes distress in older patients with diabetes to prevent frailty, and may contribute for healthcare professionals to developing effective measures to improve the frailty of older diabetic patients in clinical settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study was conducted with the participation of older patients with diabetes who contributed data by completing study questionnaires and undergoing physical assessments.
Exploring Effective Intervention Strategies for Depression as a Complex System: Targeted Interventions Through Network Simulations
Authors: Omizu Takumi , Kunisato Yoshihiko
Published: August 2024

We conducted mathematical simulations to identify effective treatment options for depression. These simulations involved treatment component nodes that targeted specific symptoms within the depressive symptom network, examining how interventions for certain symptoms could improve the overall symptomatology. The results indicate that targeting a symptom with higher centrality can lead to significant improvement. Furthermore, while interventions targeting symptoms with the lowest centrality did not show any improvement, targeting multiple lower‐centrality symptoms simultaneously may lead to an improvement in overall symptomatology. Insights from these simulations are expected to advance the understanding of effective intervention strategies for depression and the application of psychological networks in clinical settings.
Lymphotoxin beta‐activated LTBR/NIK/RELB axis drives proliferation in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Kaiyu , Kessler Annika , Nichetti Federico , Hoffmeister‐Wittmann Paula , Scherr Anna‐Lena , Nader Luisa , Kelmendi Eblina , Schmitt Nathalie , Schwab Maximilian , García‐Beccaria María , Sobol Benjamin , Nieto Osama Azzam , Isele Hanna , Gärtner Ulrike , Vaquero‐Siguero Nuria , Volk Julia , Korell Felix , Mock Andreas , Heide Danijela , Ramadori Pierluigi , Lenoir Bénédicte , Albrecht Thomas , Hüllein Jennifer , Jäger Dirk , Fröhling Stefan , Springfeld Christoph , Jackstadt Rene , Heikenwälder Mathias , Dill Michael T. , Roessler Stephanie , Goeppert Benjamin , Köhler Bruno C.
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy arising from the intrahepatic (iCCA) or extrahepatic (eCCA) bile ducts with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Prior evidence highlighted a significant contribution of the non‐canonical NF‐κB signalling pathway in initiation and aggressiveness of different tumour types. Lymphotoxin‐β (LTβ) stimulates the NF‐κB‐inducing kinase (NIK), resulting in the activation of the transcription factor RelB. However, the functional contribution of the non‐canonical NF‐κB signalling pathway via the LTβ/NIK/RelB axis in CCA carcinogenesis and progression has not been established.

Methods

Human CCA‐derived cell lines and organoids were examined to determine the expression of NF‐κB pathway components upon activation or inhibition. Proliferation and cell death were analysed using real‐time impedance measurement and flow cytometry. Immunoblot, qRT‐PCR, RNA sequencing and in situ hybridization were employed to analyse gene and protein expression. Four in vivo models of iCCA were used to probe the activation and regulation of the non‐canonical NF‐κB pathway.

Results

Exposure to LTα1/β2 activates the LTβ/NIK/RelB axis and promotes proliferation in CCA. Inhibition of NIK with the small molecule inhibitor B022 efficiently suppresses RelB expression in patient‐derived CCA organoids and nuclear co‐translocation of RelB and p52 stimulated by LTα1/β2 in CCA cell lines. In murine CCA, RelB expression is significantly increased and LTβ is the predominant ligand of the non‐canonical NF‐κB signalling pathway.

Conclusions

Our study confirms that the non‐canonical NF‐κB axis LTβ/NIK/RelB drives cholangiocarcinogenesis and represents a candidate therapeutic target.
Isolation and comparative analysis of culturable bacterial communities associated with life stages, breeding and rearing substrates of Culicoides oxystomaKieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vector of bluetongue virus
Authors: Sarkar Ankita , Banerjee Paramita , Mazumdar Abhijit
Published: August 2024

Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) has been vectoring several arboviruses, protozoa and nematodes, leading to mortality and morbidity of livestock and wild ruminants in the tropics and subtropics. Insight into the bacterial communities associated with the vector species must be worked out. This work tries to inventorize the bacterial communities associated with this important vector species. Acquisition of gut microbiota may be the parental origin, while some are obtained through feeding during larval stages. Culicoides oxystoma possesses semi‐aquatic life cycle strategies for egg‐laying and larval survival. The bacteria associated with C. oxystoma were compared throughout (i) life stages: egg, larval instars, pupa, adult: male and female obtained from laboratory colony; (ii) field‐collected adult: male and age‐graded females; and (iii) natural breeding substrate and artificial rearing substrate. The culture‐dependent bacteria were identified by Sanger sequencing of 16S rRNA, and haemolytic bacteria were screened on blood agar. Results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are the predominant Phyla, of which Bacillus spp. was the most abundant across the life stages. Across the life history, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus tropicus, Lysinibacillus sp. and Paenibacillus sp. were retrieved routinely. Bacillus cereus and Alcaligenes faecalis were detected in the lab‐reared specimens and shared between the natural breeding site and rearing medium. From the adults trapped across two locations, B. cereus, Bacillus flexus, A. faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas sp. were isolated. The bacterial species associated with this vector may influence various physiological traits, such as vectorial capacity, digestion and larval development, which need further investigation.
Assessment of the causal relationship between inflammatory bowel diseases and chronic kidney diseases: A two‐sample bidirectional mendelian randomization study among European population
Authors: Li Xingxing , Ge Qiaoyue , Yu Chuan , Zhao Wenting , Wu Chenxin , Liu Zhenmi , Meng Xiandong , Xiao Chenghan
Published: August 2024

Background

Kidney function can be impaired in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's diseases (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the causal relationship between IBD and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) remains unclear.

Methods

We determined the causal association between IBD and CKD by performing two‐sample bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Independent genetic variants were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) of the exposure from open‐access genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) among European ancestry. IVs–outcome estimates were extracted from three separate GWAS for IBD and two for CKD, respectively. Inverse‐variance‐weighted model was used as the primary MR method. The pleiotropic effect and heterogeneity were evaluated. For either direction, analyses were performed per outcome database and were subsequently meta‐analysed.

Results

Genetically predicted IBD was associated with higher risk of CKD (OR: 1.045, 95% CI: 1.016–1.073, P = 0.002) by including 42 344 IBD cases and 229 164 controls. Further analyses showed genetic liability to CD increased the risk of CKD (OR: 1.057, 95% CI: 1.027–1.087, p < 0.001) whereas UC did not (OR: 0.999, 95% CI:0.969–1.031, p = 0.970). In contrast, genetically predicted CKD was not associated with IBD (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 0.965–1.056, p = 0.676), UC (OR: 1.011, 95% CI: 0.948–1.078, p = 0.746) and CD (OR: 1.024; 95% CI: 0.963–1.089, p = 0.447).

Conclusions

We concluded that CD, but not UC, can increase the risk of CKD causally. CD, but not UC, can increase the risk of chronic kidney disease causally. These findings enhance our understanding of the differential impact of IBD subtypes on CKD. It may be necessary to monitor kidney function regularly in patients with CD.
Factors related to resilience and attitudes towards care of the dying among critical care nurses
Authors: Kondo Akiko , Oki Tomomi , Eckhardt Ann L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Many critical care nurses provide care to patients who are injured or ill and are at the end‐of‐life. Therefore, they are at high risk for developing negative emotional responses due to exposure to patient suffering and death.

Aim

To determine the association between attitudes towards care of the dying, resilience, and Sense of Coherence.

Study Design

A cross‐sectional descriptive approach was used. Head nurses at 74 hospitals in Japan were sent a letter about the study; 29 head nurses agreed to send information to the critical care nurses in their hospital. Demographic factors, attitudes towards care of the dying, resilience, and Sense of Coherence were collected using Google Forms. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the associations among the variables.

Results

A total of 229 nurses completed the survey. The average years of clinical experience were 10.5 ± 8.4 years. Factors directly related to positive attitudes towards care of the dying were higher resilience, more years of clinical nursing experience, and having a Master's degree. Sense of Coherence was the strongest predictor of resilience. Other predictors for higher resilience included confidence in nursing skills, social support, and religious beliefs towards death. The main predictor for higher Sense of Coherence was workplace satisfaction.

Conclusion

Nurses with higher resilience had more positive attitudes about care of the dying. Individual factors, such as a Sense of Coherence, confidence in caring for patients, and religious beliefs were the most important factors related to resilience.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

It is necessary to support newer nurses especially those with lower educational attainment, to increase workplace satisfaction, Sense of Coherence and resilience. It is necessary to develop educational programs focused on care of dying patients and to evaluate their effect so that critical care nurses have a positive response to caring for dying patients.
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Cementless vs. Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty: Early Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes
Authors: Zhao Enze , Zhu Xiaoyan , Tang Haiwei , Luo Zhenyu , Zeng Weinan , Zhou Zongke
Published: August 2024

Objective

Previous cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs faced challenges with insufficient initial fixation on tibial side, resulting in inferior functional outcomes and survival rates. The Zoned Trabecular Bone Cementless Knee is a novel implant designed for cementless TKA which aims to achieve excellent initial fixation, promoting effective osseointegration. The aim of this research was to compare the early clinical and radiographic results of this cementless TKA with cemented TKA.

Methods

Between September 2021 and April 2022, 64 patients (64 knees) were recruited in this prospective randomized controlled trial to receive either cementless 3D‐printed trabecular metal TKA or a cemented posterior stabilized TKA. Preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluations, including the range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), and the Reduced Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Score (WOMAC), were conducted and analyzed for comparison. Radiographs and computed tomography scans were utilized to assess the initial fixation. The complications between the two groups were also recorded and compared. Continuous data were analyzed for significance using independent‐samples t‐test or the Mann–Whitney U test and categorical data were analyzed using chi‐squared or Fisher's exact test.

Results

Both groups demonstrated significant enhancement at 12 months follow‐up in the ROM compared with baseline (ROM: 94.7 ± 23.4 vs. 113.1 ± 12.3 in cementless group and 96.5 ± 14.7 vs. 111.0 ± 12.8 in cemented group, p < 0.05). However, no statistical differences were observed between the two groups in postoperative ROM, KSS, or WOMAC score. The radiographs and computed tomography scans showed similar results, including radiolucent lines and osteolysis in either femoral or tibial. Additionally, there was no statistical difference in the overall complication rate between the two groups. Notably, one patient in the cementless TKA group required revision for periprosthetic infection as the end point.

Conclusions

This novel 3D‐printed trabecular metal cementless TKA achieved comparable clinical outcomes and initial fixation to cemented TKA in early stage. Longer‐term examination is necessary to validate these results.
A case of Conradi‐Hünermann‐Happle syndrome treated with topical simvastatin‐cholesterol ointment
Authors: Zevallos Jean , Susano Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Conradi‐Hünermann‐Happle syndrome is a rare genodermatosis affecting cholesterol metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in the emopamil binding protein (EBP) gene. It presents with skin, skeletal, and ophthalmological alterations. Cutaneous findings include hyperkeratotic lesions following Blaschko lines that subsequently improve leaving scarring alopecia and patches of atrophy. The purpose of this case report is to present a case of a patient treated with simvastatin‐cholesterol ointment.
Pushing the Limits of In Situ Split Liver Procurement to Overcome Donor Distance and Graft Size Challenges for 8‐Week‐Old Pediatric Recipient
Authors: Kwon Yong K. , Valentino Pamela L. , Saarela Katelyn M. , Wendel Danielle R. , Hsu Evelyn K. , Kaufman Daniel M. , Dick Andre A. S. , Healey Patrick J.
Published: August 2024

Background

Pediatric liver transplantation for small recipients presents significant challenges, particularly in securing suitably sized donor organs. This case report illustrates the feasibility of performing an in situ split procurement in an 18.5‐kg toddler, the smallest recorded case in the OPTN database to date, for a critically ill 8‐week‐old infant recipient.

Case Presentation

An 8‐week‐old infant with severe hepatitis of unknown etiology was urgently listed as Status 1A. An organ offer from a 3.5‐year‐old donor, requiring a reduction procedure, became available 1939 nautical miles away. Instead of a back‐table reduction procedure, we performed an in situ split to reduce cold ischemic time given the distance. The recipient surgery was started ahead of the organ's arrival, and the recipient was ready for graft implantation upon the organ's arrival, resulting in a total of 510 min of cold ischemic time. Post‐operatively, the graft did not show signs of significant injury or dysfunction, which expedited recovery from her other medical conditions.

Conclusions

In situ split liver procurement is an invaluable tool for pediatric centers as it effectively provides more graft options for pediatric patients on the waitlist. Additionally, in situ split can offer significant benefits in optimizing recipient surgery, especially when the donor is located at an extreme distance. Despite these benefits, in situ split is not currently widely utilized across transplant centers. Addressing the logistical challenges associated with this technique is crucial for broader implementation and improved patient outcomes.
A salicylic acid‐associated plant‐microbe interaction attracts beneficial Flavobacterium sp. to the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere
Authors: Sommer Anna , Wenig Marion , Knappe Claudia , Kublik Susanne , Foesel Bärbel U. , Schloter Michael , Vlot A. Corina
Published: August 2024

Both above‐ and below‐ground parts of plants are constantly challenged with microbes and interact closely with them. Many plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria, mostly interacting with the plant's root system, enhance the immunity of plants in a process described as induced systemic resistance (ISR). Here, we characterized local induced resistance (IR) triggered by the model PGPR Pseudomonas simiae WCS417r (WCS417) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Hydroponic application of WCS417 to Arabidopsis roots resulted in propagation of WCS417 in/on leaves and the establishment of local IR. WCS417‐triggered local IR was dependent on salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and signalling and on functional biosynthesis of pipecolic acid and monoterpenes, which are classically associated with systemic acquired resistance (SAR). WCS417‐triggered local IR was further associated with a priming of gene expression changes related to SA signalling and SAR. A metabarcoding approach applied to the leaf microbiome revealed a significant local IR‐associated enrichment of Flavobacterium sp.. Co‐inoculation experiments using WCS417 and At‐LSPHERE Flavobacterium sp. Leaf82 suggest that the proliferation of these bacteria is influenced by both microbial and immunity‐related, plant‐derived factors. Furthermore, application of Flavobacterium Leaf82 to Arabidopsis leaves induced SAR in an NPR1‐dependent manner, suggesting that recruitment of this bacterium to the phyllosphere resulted in propagation of IR. Together, the data highlight the importance of plant‐microbe‐microbe interactions in the phyllosphere and reveal Flavobacterium sp. Leaf82 as a new beneficial promoter of plant health.
DNA methylation impacts soybean early development by modulating hormones and metabolic pathways
Authors: Coelho Fernanda Silva , Miranda Sara Sangi , Moraes Juliana Lopes , Hemerly Adriana Silva , Ballesteros Helkin Giovani Forero , Santa‐Catarina Claudete , dos Santos Renan Carrari , de Almeida Felipe Astolpho , Silveira Vanildo , Macedo Amanda , Floh Eny Iochevet Segal , de Oliveira Alves Sena Edinaldo , de Oliveira Jurandi Gonçalves , Viccini Lyderson Facio , de Matos Elyabe Monteiro , Grativol Clícia
Published: August 2024

Genomic DNA methylation patterns play a crucial role in the developmental processes of plants and mammals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the significant effects of epigenetic mechanisms on the development of soybean seedlings and metabolic pathways. Our analyses show that 5‐azaC‐treatment affects radicle development from two Days After Imbibition (DAI), as well as both shoot and root development. We examined the expression levels of key genes related to DNA methylation and demethylation pathways, such as DRM2, which encodes RNA‐directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) pathway, SAM synthase, responsible for methyl group donation, and ROS1, a DNA demethylase. In treated seedling roots, we observed an increase in DRM2 expression and a decrease in ROS1 expression. Additionally, 5‐azaC treatment altered protein accumulation, indicating epigenetic control over stress response while inhibiting nitrogen assimilation, urea cycle, and glycolysis‐related proteins. Furthermore, it influenced the levels of various phytohormones and metabolites crucial for seedling growth, such as ABA, IAA, ethylene, polyamines (PUT and Cad), and free amino acids, suggesting that epigenetic changes may shape soybean responses to pathogens, abiotic stress, and nutrient absorption. Our results assist in understanding how hypomethylation shapes soybean responses to pathogens, abiotic stress, and nutrient absorption crucial for seedling growth, suggesting that the plant's assimilation of carbon and nitrogen, along with hormone pathways, may be influenced by epigenetic changes.