bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct temporal actions of different types of unfolded protein responses during aging
Authors: Sheng Yi , Yang Guang , Markovich Zachary , Han Sung Min , Xiao Rui
Published: December 2020

Proteotoxic stress is a common challenge for all organisms. Among various mechanisms involved in defending such stress, the evolutionarily conserved unfolded protein responses (UPRs) play a key role across species. Interestingly, UPRs can occur in different subcellular compartments including the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER), mitochondria (UPRMITO), and cytoplasm (UPRCYTO) through distinct mechanisms. While previous studies have shown that the UPRs are intuitively linked to organismal aging, a systematic assay on the temporal regulation of different type of UPRs during aging is still lacking. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as the model system, we found that the endogenous UPRs (UPRER, UPRMITO, and UPRCYTO) elevate with age, but their inducibility exhibits an age‐dependent decline. Moreover, we revealed that the temporal requirements to induce different types of UPRs are distinct. Namely, while the UPRMITO can only be induced during the larval stage, the UPRER can be induced until early adulthood and the inducibility of UPRCYTO is well maintained until mid‐late stage of life. Furthermore, we showed that different tissues may exhibit distinct temporal profiles of UPR inducibility during aging. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that UPRs of different subcellular compartments may have distinct temporal mechanisms during aging.
Assessing the performance of international pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) eligibility guidelines in a cohort of Chinese MSM, Beijing, China 2009 to 2016
Authors: Hall Eric W , Wang Liming , Huang Xiaojie , Sullivan Patrick S , Siegler Aaron J
Published: December 2020

Introduction

PrEP is a powerful HIV prevention tool, and locally relevant eligibility criteria are necessary to optimize the prevention impact of PrEP. We assessed performance of existing national and international PrEP eligibility criteria to predict future HIV seroconversion among MSM in Beijing, China.

Methods

Participants were MSM aged ≥18 years who enrolled in a cohort study between July 2009 and March 2016. Participants completed HIV testing, syphilis testing, and a questionnaire on recent sexual health behaviours at each follow‐up visit and were followed until HIV seroconversion or dropout. We assessed PrEP eligibility at the most recent follow‐up visit prior to the final study visit. Participants were classified as indicated for PrEP (or not) based on criteria from guidelines from Europe, Korea, South Africa, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, United States and the World Health Organization. To compare guideline performance, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, Youden’s Index (YI), Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient (MCC), F1 scores and diagnostic odds ratios. For each guideline, performance measures were compared to random allocation of PrEP by randomly selecting a proportion of participants equal to the proportion indicated.

Results

There were 287 (17∙3%) incident HIV seroconversions among 1663 MSM. The number of men indicated for PrEP from different guidelines ranged from 556 (33∙4%) to 1569 (94∙2%). Compared to random allocation, sensitivity of algorithms to predict seroconversion ranged from slightly worse (−4∙7%) to 30∙2% better than random. However, in absolute terms, none of the sensitivity values increased by more than 11% when compared to random allocation. For all guidelines, specificity was not meaningfully better than random allocation. No guidelines had high binary classification performance measures.

Conclusions

The performance of international indication guidelines in this sample was only slightly better than random allocation. Using such guidelines to screen out MSM self‐identifying as interested in PrEP could lead to misallocation of resources and to good candidates for PrEP being denied access. For settings in which international guidelines perform poorly, alternative indication approaches should be considered.
Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty estimation in small‐signal modeling forInP HBT(invited paper)
Authors: Cao Ke‐Jing , Zhang Ao , Gao Jian‐Jun
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a sensitivity analysis and uncertainty estimation of small‐signal model for InP HBT is presented. Analytical expressions for sensitivity are derived in terms of the measured S‐parameters based on the direct intrinsic parameters extraction. Furthermore, the uncertainties of the intrinsic parameters vs frequency are discussed to give more reliable extraction results. The optimal solutions of the parameters are obtained by utilizing sensitivity analysis. In the frequency range of 45 MHz‐40GHz, good fits between the measured and modeled S‐parameters are achieved for 5 × 5μm2InP HBT.
Flaw Sensitivity and Tensile Fatigue of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels
Authors: Koshut William J. , Rummel Caleb , Smoot David , Kirillova Alina , Gall Ken
Published: December 2020

Tensile fatigue behavior is commonly overlooked as researchers pursue the toughest hydrogels. This work describes a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel prepared through freezing–thawing (FT) processing to achieve varied monotonic strength and toughness. The monotonic tensile responses of relatively strong and weak versions of the hydrogel are studied with cylindrical hole and crack‐like flaws of different sizes to develop an understanding of monotonic strength in the presence of two different, extreme defect types. The monotonic strength of the samples with cylindrical defects is reasonably predicted using nominal stress which accounts for a loss of load‐bearing area, while linear‐elastic fracture mechanics gives a first‐order approximation of the impact of crack‐like flaw size on monotonic strength. A subset of key defected samples are further subjected to cyclic loading and fatigue failure at varying stress amplitude. The cylindrical defect samples outperformed cracked samples in fatigue, and the utilization of four FT cycles instead of two improved both monotonic toughness and fatigue properties. This work represents the first tensile fatigue analysis on defected hydrogel materials, sheds light on the behavior of hydrogels in cyclic loading environments, and evaluates both the monotonic toughness and fatigue behavior of soft materials with and without defects.
Computer Assisted Structure Elucidation (CASE): Current and future perspectives
Authors: Elyashberg Mikhail , Argyropoulos Dimitris
Published: December 2020

The first efforts for the development of methods for Computer‐Assisted Structure Elucidation (CASE) were published more than 50 years ago. CASE expert systems based on one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data have matured considerably by now. The structures of a great number of complex natural products have been elucidated and/or revised using such programs. In this article, we discuss the most likely directions in which CASE will evolve. We act on the premise that a synergistic interaction exists between CASE, new NMR experiments, and methods of computational chemistry, which are continuously being improved. The new developments in NMR experiments (long‐range correlation experiments, pure‐shift methods, coupling constants measurement and prediction, residual dipolar couplings [RDCs]), and residual chemical shift anisotropies [RCSAs], evolution of density functional theory (DFT), and machine learning algorithms will have an influence on CASE systems and vice versa. This is true also for new techniques for chemical analysis (Atomic Force Microscopy [AFM], “crystalline sponge” X‐ray analysis, and micro‐Electron Diffraction [micro‐ED]), which will be used in combination with expert systems. We foresee that CASE will be utilized widely and become a routine tool for NMR spectroscopists and analysts in academic and industrial laboratories. We believe that the “golden age” of CASE is still in the future.
CONST: Continuous online NoSQL schema tuning
Authors: Mozaffari Maryam , Nazemi Eslam , Eftekhari‐Moghadam Amir‐Masoud
Published: December 2020

Self‐tuning is a feature of autonomic databases that includes the problem of automatic schema design. Automating the schema design process is critical to provide an optimized schema that increases the performance of an application's workload in NoSQL databases. There has been important work on automated design tuning for NoSQL databases. Existing solutions take an offline approach to the schema design problem and leave several important decisions to database administrators. Although offline approaches recommend good and efficient schemas, their analysis is far too heavy‐weight to be run continuously. This paper develops a novel self‐tuning control loop, called CONST, for online monitoring, analysis, and schema tuning a managed NoSQL database system that automatically modify the current schema design reacting to changes in the application's workload. CONST provides components that fulfill IBM's MAPE‐K loop phases to support self‐tuning. We describe an implementation of the proposed CONST loop on top of the Cassandra wide column store and evaluate its performance experimentally. Our results show the low overhead of CONST and demonstrate its ability to tune a schema design in response to changes in the application's workload.
Irregular conformal blocks, Painlevé III and the blow-up equations
Authors: Gavrylenko Pavlo , Marshakov Andrei , Stoyan Artem
Published: December 2020

Abstract

We study the relation of irregular conformal blocks with the Painlevé III3 equation. The functional representation for the quasiclassical irregular block is shown to be consistent with the BPZ equations of conformal field theory and the Hamilton-Jacobi approach to Painlevé III3. It leads immediately to a limiting case of the blow-up equations for dual Nekrasov partition function of 4d pure supersymmetric gauge theory, which can be even treated as a defining system of equations for both c = 1 and c → ∞ conformal blocks. We extend this analysis to the domain of strong-coupling regime where original definition of conformal blocks and Nekrasov functions is not known and apply the results to spectral problem of the Mathieu equations. Finally, we propose a construction of irregular conformal blocks in the strong coupling region by quantization of Painlevé III3 equation, and obtain in this way a general expression, reproducing c = 1 and quasiclassical c → ∞ results as its particular cases. We have also found explicit integral representations for c = 1 and c = −2 irregular blocks at infinity for some special points.
Oligodendrocyte Lineage Marker Expression in eGFP-GFAP Transgenic Mice
Authors: Behrangi Newshan , Lorenz Peter , Kipp Markus
Published: December 2020

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, orchestrate several key cellular functions in the brain and spinal cord, including axon insulation, energy transfer to neurons, and, eventually, modulation of immune responses. There is growing interest for obtaining reliable markers that can specifically label oligodendroglia and their progeny. In many studies, anti-CC1 antibodies, presumably recognizing the protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), are used to label mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. However, it has been discussed whether anti-CC1 antibodies could recognize as well, under pathological conditions, other cell populations, particularly astrocytes. In this study, we used transgenic mice in which astrocytes are labeled by the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. By detailed co-localization studies we were able to demonstrate that a significant proportion of eGFP-expressing cells co-express markers of the oligodendrocyte lineage, such as the transcription factor Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 (OLIG2); the NG2 proteoglycan, also known as chrondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4); or APC. The current finding that the GFAP promoter drives transgene expression in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage should be considered when interpreting results from co-localization studies.
Exploratory investigation of return air temperature sensor measurement errors in refrigerated display cabinets
Authors: Månsson Tommie , Ostermeyer York , Kalagasidis Angela Sasic
Published: December 2020

By introducing doors on refrigerated display cabinets, the energy demand is substantially decreased. However, there exist significant discrepancies in temperature readings between visually identical refrigerated display cabinets equipped with doors. This study explores the cause and consequences of these differences. The exploratory methodology used within the study has used CFD simulations combined with laboratory experiments to conclude that there exists a thermal gradient in the area of the return air temperature sensor causing these discrepancies to occur. Thus, the temperature sensors position within the thermal gradient affects the perceived temperature of the control system and thereby the refrigeration strategy adopted by it. To follow up on the consequences of this observed issue, two field studies were performed to investigate the effects and occurrence of temperature sensors within the thermal gradient. Through this, it was concluded that by moving the return air sensors away from the thermal gradient, the refrigerated display cabinets were performing more uniformly as well as with a reduced heat extraction demand. Additionally, from the field study investigating the occurrence, it was found that 80.5% of the 221 reviewed refrigerated display cabinets had sensors placed in a zone where a thermal gradient exists.
Isoperimetric Upper Bound for the First Eigenvalue of Discrete Steklov Problems
Authors: Perrin Hélène
Published: December 2020

We study upper bounds for the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Steklov problem defined on finite graphs with boundary. For finite graphs with boundary included in a Cayley graph associated to a group of polynomial growth, we give an upper bound for the first non-zero Steklov eigenvalue depending on the number of vertices of the graph and of its boundary. As a corollary, if the graph with boundary also satisfies a discrete isoperimetric inequality, we show that the first non-zero Steklov eigenvalue tends to zero as the number of vertices of the graph tends to infinity. This extends recent results of Han and Hua, who obtained a similar result in the case of $$\mathbb {Z}^n$$

Z

n

. We obtain the result using metric properties of Cayley graphs associated to groups of polynomial growth.
Does Corporate Investment Respond to the Time-Varying Cost of Capital? Empirical Evidence
Authors: Kim Yongjin
Published: December 2020

I examine whether the time-varying cost of capital is considered in firms’ capital budgeting decisions. For this test, I measure the conditional cost of equity using individual equity option prices. I find that corporate investment responds negatively to fluctuations in the option-implied cost of equity and the weighted average costs of capital. Furthermore, through decomposing marginal $ q $, I reveal that the cost-of-capital elasticity of empirical investment is almost identical to its productivity elasticity, as theory predicts. These findings suggest that firms’ discount rates are updated accurately in practice despite the failure of conventional frameworks, such as factor-based models, in this regard.
Individual differences in sensitivity to the early environment as a function of amygdala and hippocampus volumes: An exploratory analysis in 12-year-old boys
Authors: Pluess Michael , De Brito Stephane A. , Bartoli Alice Jones , McCrory Eamon , Viding Essi
Published: December 2020

Children differ in their response to environmental exposures, with some being more sensitive to contextual factors than others. According to theory, such variability is the result of individual differences in neurobiological sensitivity to environmental features, with some individuals generally more affected by both negative and/or positive experiences. In this exploratory study we tested whether left and right amygdala and hippocampus volumes (corrected for total brain size) account for individual differences in response to environmental influences in a sample of 62 boys. Cumulative general environmental quality, ranging from low to high, was measured across the first 9 years and child behavior was reported by teachers when boys were 12–13 years old. According to analyses, only the left amygdala volume – not any of the other brain volumes – emerged as an important brain region for sensitivity to positive environmental aspects. Boys with a larger left amygdala benefited significantly more from higher environmental quality than boys with a smaller left amygdala whilst not being more vulnerable to lower quality. Besides providing preliminary evidence for differences in environmental sensitivity due to brain structure, the results also point to the left amygdala as having a specific role regarding the response to environmental influences.
THE POROUS BOUNDARY: COMPARING LATE POSTCLASSIC–EARLY COLONIAL MAYA PROJECTILE TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS PETEN AND BELIZE
Authors: Meissner Nathan J.
Published: December 2020

This study examines the intersection of political, cultural, and linguistic differences in the archaeological study of boundaries. The Late Postclassic and Early Colonial periods (a.d.1350–1525) in the Maya lowlands are known for political instability and the formulation of new identities, especially in the northern region of the Peten Lakes District (Guatemala) to the greater Rio Hondo drainage (Belize). This article approaches the theoretical formulations of archaeological borders from the perspective of lithic technology, focusing on small projectile points recovered from numerous sites in the subregion. Analysis of data suggests differences in resource acquisition, material preference, and production during a time of historically fluid interaction and occasional conflict in the Peten-Belize area. Such information adds to our understandings of political frontiers of Late Postclassic polities from a social and economic perspective that is often ignored.
WHAT IS A RULE OF INFERENCE?
Authors: TENNANT NEIL
Published: December 2020

We explore the problems that confront any attempt to explain or explicate exactly what a primitive logical rule of inferenceis, orconsists in. We arrive at a proposed solution that places a surprisingly heavy load on the prospect of being able to understand and deal with specifications of rules that are essentiallyself-referring. That is, any rule$\rho $is to be understood via a specification that involves, embedded within it, reference to rule$\rho $itself. Just how we arrive at this position is explained by reference to familiar rules as well as less familiar ones with unusual features. An inquiry of this kind is surprisingly absent from the foundations of inferentialism—the view that meanings of expressions (especially logical ones) are to be characterized by the rules of inference that govern them.
An Extremely Elongated Cloud Over Arsia Mons Volcano on Mars: I. Life Cycle
Authors: Hernández‐Bernal J. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , del Río‐Gaztelurrutia T. , Ravanis E. , Cardesín‐Moinelo A. , Connour K. , Tirsch D. , Ordóñez‐Etxeberria I. , Gondet B. , Wood S. , Titov D. , Schneider N. M. , Hueso R. , Jaumann R. , Hauber E.
Published: December 2020

We report a previously unnoticed annually repeating phenomenon consisting of the daily formation of an extremely elongated cloud extending as far as 1,800 km westward from Arsia Mons. It takes place in the solar longitude (Ls) range of ∼220°–320°, around the Southern solstice. We study this Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud (AMEC) using images from different orbiters, including ESA Mars Express, NASA MAVEN, Viking 2, MRO, and ISRO Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM). We study the AMEC in detail in Martian year (MY) 34 in terms of local time and Ls and find that it exhibits a very rapid daily cycle: the cloud growth starts before sunrise on the western slope of the volcano, followed by a westward expansion that lasts 2.5 h with a velocity of around 170 m/s in the mesosphere (∼45 km over the areoid). The cloud formation then ceases, detaches from its formation point, and continues moving westward until it evaporates before the afternoon, when most sun‐synchronous orbiters make observations. Moreover, we comparatively study observations from different years (i.e., MYs 29–34) in search of interannual variations and find that in MY33 the cloud exhibits lower activity, while in MY34 the beginning of its formation was delayed compared with other years, most likely due to the Global Dust Storm. This phenomenon takes place in a season known for the general lack of clouds on Mars. In this paper we focus on observations, and a theoretical interpretation will be the subject of a separate paper.
Microbial N2O consumption in and above marine N2O production hotspots
Authors: Sun Xin , Jayakumar Amal , Tracey John C , Wallace Elizabeth , Kelly Colette L , Casciotti Karen L , Ward Bess B
Published: December 2020

The ocean is a net source of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting agent. However, the removal of N2O via microbial N2O consumption is poorly constrained and rate measurements have been restricted to anoxic waters. Here we expand N2O consumption measurements from anoxic zones to the sharp oxygen gradient above them, and experimentally determine kinetic parameters in both oxic and anoxic seawater for the first time. We find that the substrate affinity, O2 tolerance, and community composition of N2O-consuming microbes in oxic waters differ from those in the underlying anoxic layers. Kinetic parameters determined here are used to model in situ N2O production and consumption rates. Estimated in situ rates differ from measured rates, confirming the necessity to consider kinetics when predicting N2O cycling. Microbes from the oxic layer consume N2O under anoxic conditions at a much faster rate than microbes from anoxic zones. These experimental results are in keeping with model results which indicate that N2O consumption likely takes place above the oxygen deficient zone (ODZ). Thus, the dynamic layer with steep O2 and N2O gradients right above the ODZ is a previously ignored potential gatekeeper of N2O and should be accounted for in the marine N2O budget.
Brain morphology predicts social intelligence in wild cleaner fish
Authors: Triki Zegni , Emery Yasmin , Teles Magda C. , Oliveira Rui F. , Bshary Redouan
Published: December 2020

It is generally agreed that variation in social and/or environmental complexity yields variation in selective pressures on brain anatomy, where more complex brains should yield increased intelligence. While these insights are based on many evolutionary studies, it remains unclear how ecology impacts brain plasticity and subsequently cognitive performance within a species. Here, we show that in wild cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus), forebrain size of high-performing individuals tested in an ephemeral reward task covaried positively with cleaner density, while cerebellum size covaried negatively with cleaner density. This unexpected relationship may be explained if we consider that performance in this task reflects the decision rules that individuals use in nature rather than learning abilities: cleaners with relatively larger forebrains used decision-rules that appeared to be locally optimal. Thus, social competence seems to be a suitable proxy of intelligence to understand individual differences under natural conditions.
Enriched conditioning expands the regenerative ability of sensory neurons after spinal cord injury via neuronal intrinsic redox signaling
Authors: De Virgiliis Francesco , Hutson Thomas H. , Palmisano Ilaria , Amachree Sarah , Miao Jian , Zhou Luming , Todorova Rositsa , Thompson Richard , Danzi Matt C. , Lemmon Vance P. , Bixby John L. , Wittig Ilka , Shah Ajay M. , Di Giovanni Simone
Published: December 2020

Overcoming the restricted axonal regenerative ability that limits functional repair following a central nervous system injury remains a challenge. Here we report a regenerative paradigm that we call enriched conditioning, which combines environmental enrichment (EE) followed by a conditioning sciatic nerve axotomy that precedes a spinal cord injury (SCI). Enriched conditioning significantly increases the regenerative ability of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons compared to EE or a conditioning injury alone, propelling axon growth well beyond the spinal injury site. Mechanistically, we established that enriched conditioning relies on the unique neuronal intrinsic signaling axis PKC-STAT3-NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), enhancing redox signaling as shown by redox proteomics in DRG. Finally, NOX2 conditional deletion or overexpression respectively blocked or phenocopied enriched conditioning-dependent axon regeneration after SCI leading to improved functional recovery. These studies provide a paradigm that drives the regenerative ability of sensory neurons offering a potential redox-dependent regenerative model for mechanistic and therapeutic discoveries.
The epigenetic regulator Mll1 is required for Wnt-driven intestinal tumorigenesis and cancer stemness
Authors: Grinat Johanna , Heuberger Julian , Vidal Ramon Oliveira , Goveas Neha , Kosel Frauke , Berenguer-Llergo Antoni , Kranz Andrea , Wulf-Goldenberg Annika , Behrens Diana , Melcher Bálint , Sauer Sascha , Vieth Michael , Batlle Eduard , Stewart A. Francis , Birchmeier Walter
Published: December 2020

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is crucial for intestinal carcinogenesis and the maintenance of intestinal cancer stem cells. Here we identify the histone methyltransferase Mll1 as a regulator of Wnt-driven intestinal cancer. Mll1 is highly expressed in Lgr5+ stem cells and human colon carcinomas with increased nuclear β-catenin. High levels of MLL1 are associated with poor survival of colon cancer patients. The genetic ablation of Mll1 in mice prevents Wnt/β-catenin-driven adenoma formation from Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells. Ablation of Mll1 decreases the self-renewal of human colon cancer spheres and halts tumor growth of xenografts. Mll1 controls the expression of stem cell genes including the Wnt/β-catenin target gene Lgr5. Upon the loss of Mll1, histone methylation at the stem cell promoters switches from activating H3K4 tri-methylation to repressive H3K27 tri-methylation, indicating that Mll1 sustains stem cell gene expression by antagonizing gene silencing through polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27 tri-methylation. Transcriptome profiling of Wnt-mutated intestinal tumor-initiating cells reveals that Mll1 regulates Gata4/6 transcription factors, known to sustain cancer stemness and to control goblet cell differentiation. Our results demonstrate that Mll1 is an essential epigenetic regulator of Wnt/β-catenin-induced intestinal tumorigenesis and cancer stemness.
Author Correction: Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology
Authors: Molinaro Antonio , Bel Lassen Pierre , Henricsson Marcus , Wu Hao , Adriouch Solia , Belda Eugeni , Chakaroun Rima , Nielsen Trine , Bergh Per-Olof , Rouault Christine , André Sébastien , Marquet Florian , Andreelli Fabrizio , Salem Joe-Elie , Assmann Karen , Bastard Jean-Philippe , Forslund Sofia , Le Chatelier Emmanuelle , Falony Gwen , Pons Nicolas , Prifti Edi , Quinquis Benoit , Roume Hugo , Vieira-Silva Sara , Hansen Tue H. , Pedersen Helle Krogh , Lewinter Christian , Sønderskov Nadja B. ,   The MetaCardis Consortium, Alves Renato , Amouyal Chloe , Galijatovic Ehm Astrid Andersson , Barthelemy Olivier , Batisse Jean-Paul , Berland Magalie , Bittar Randa , Blottière Hervé , Bosquet Frederic , Boubrit Rachid , Bourron Olivier , Camus Mickael , Cassuto Dominique , Chilloux Julien , Ciangura Cecile , Coelho Luis Pedro , Collet Jean-Philippe , Dao Maria-Carlota , Djebbar Morad , Doré Angélique , Engelbrechtsen Line , Fellahi Soraya , Fezeu Leopold , Fromentin Sebastien , Giral Philippe , Gøtze Jens Peter , Hartemann Agnes , Holst Jens Juul , Hercberg Serge , Helft Gerard , Hornbak Malene , Hulot Jean-Sebastien , Isnard Richard , Jaqueminet Sophie , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Julienne Hanna , Justesen Johanne , Kammer Judith , Krarup Nikolaj , Kerneis Mathieu , Khemis Jean , Kristensen Nadja Buus , Kuhn Michael , Lejard Véronique , Levenez Florence , Lucas-Martini Lea , Massey Robin , Maziers Nicolas , Medina-Stamminger Jonathan , Montalescot Gilles , Moutel Sandrine , Le Pavin Laetitia Pasero , Poitou Christine , Pousset Francoise , Pouzoulet Laurence , Schmidt Sebastien , Moitinho-Silva Lucas , Silvain Johanne , Sokolovska Nataliya , Touch Sothea , Svendstrup Mathilde , Swartz Timothy , Vanduyvenboden Thierry , Vatier Camille , Walther Stefanie , Køber Lars , Vestergaard Henrik , Hansen Torben , Zucker Jean-Daniel , Galan Pilar , Dumas Marc-Emmanuel , Raes Jeroen , Oppert Jean-Michel , Letunic Ivica , Nielsen Jens , Bork Peer , Ehrlich S. Dusko , Stumvoll Michael , Pedersen Oluf , Aron-Wisnewsky Judith , Clément Karine , Bäckhed Fredrik
Published: December 2020

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20412-9.
Intramolecular N–Me and N–H aminoetherification for the synthesis ofN-unprotected 3-amino-O-heterocycles
Authors: Paudyal Mahesh P. , Wang Mingliang , Siitonen Juha H. , Hu Yimin , Yousufuddin Muhammed , Shen Hong C. , Falck John R. , Kürti László
Published: December 2020

A mild Rh-catalyzed method for synthesis of cyclic unprotected N–Me and N–H 2,3-aminoethers using an olefin aziridination–aziridine ring-opening domino reaction has been developed.
Enantioselective transition metal catalysis directed by chiral cations
Authors: Ye Xinyi , Tan Choon-Hong
Published: December 2020

Enantioselective transition metal catalysis directed by chiral cations is the amalgamation of chiral cation catalysis and organometallic catalysis.
Evaluation of slagging characteristics for microalgae and lignocellulose: A comparison of aggregative index and model
Authors: Huang Yuting , Chen Chunxiang , Bi Yingxin , Qin Songheng , Huang Haozhong
Published: December 2020

Biomass combustion can generate the slagging problem in the power generation boiler, which reduces the efficiency and safety of the boiler. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the slagging tendency of biomass to reduce the slagging degree. In this study, six sample groups (three microalgae and three lignocellulose groups) were ashed, and the ash was analyzed by x-ray fluorescence. Microalgae contain more phosphorus than bagasse and other lignocelluloses, which leads to a heavier slagging tendency. After washing pretreatment, smaller and more separated ash particles were observed and the slagging tendencies were shallower in the washing groups. The weight value for six common single indices [acidic compounds ratio (B/A), silica ratio (G), silica to aluminous compounds ratio (S/A), alkaline index (AI), fouling index, and slag index] were calculated by the entropy weight method, and AI (weight value w = 0.2655) was the most important index affecting the slagging tendency. An aggregative index Rs was obtained by the multiple regression analysis method based on the six single indices, which covered all ash compositions. An artificial neural networks (ANN) model was established to predict the slagging tendency of biomass. The slagging tendencies of microalgae, bagasse, and 45 other kinds of lignocelluloses were estimated by the aggregative index and ANN method, and the results agreed well with the experiment slagging results. The aggregative index and model may serve to roughly estimate the combustion behavior of microalgae, lignocellulose, and fuels rich in Ca, P, or Si. The results have verified the correctness of the aggregative index and model, and provided a new reference for biomass slagging trend estimation based on ash composition.
The cognitive profile and text-based traits of struggling writers (El perfil cognitivo y los rasgos textuales de los escritores con dificultades)
Authors: Pascual Mariona , Salas Naymé
Published: December 2020

Writing difficulties have typically been investigated as the consequence of learning disabilities. However, several characteristics of texts and the underlying cognitive skills are often shared across these populations. Our aim was to investigate the writing and cognitive profile of children at risk of writing difficulties, regardless of whether they have concomitant diagnoses. Drawing from a sample of 357 primary school children, we identified children who showed low levels on a single writing component, such as handwriting (15), spelling (39) or text generation (17), and 11 children who showed difficulties across two or more components. We compared them to a typically developing group (50) on a series of writing features (e.g., spelling, vocabulary) and cognitive and linguistic skills (e.g., working memory, morphosyntax). Children who struggled with a single writing component showed difficulties also in other components. Children with multiple writing difficulties struggled with most writing features. All children displayed similar levels in key cognitive and linguistic skills. Our data thus present compelling evidence of children who struggle with writing, despite no obvious cognitive or linguistic impairments.
Fabrication and damping property of a novel Zn–Al–Ag–Sc alloy
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Yu Dianlong , Wang Qingzhou , Jiao Zhixian , Liu Yafei , Niu Haoyuan , Yin Fuxing
Published: December 2020

Novel Zn–22Al–5Ag–0.2Sc (wt-%) alloy was fabricated by adding Ag and Sc elements in the Zn–22Al alloy. AgZn3 formed after adding Ag element has a remarkable refining effect on both α and η phases, and Al3Sc formed after adding Sc element can further refine the α phase. Due to the increased densities of grain boundaries and phase interfaces, the Zn–22Al–5Ag–0.2Sc alloy has significantly improved damping at relatively high temperatures. At low temperatures, however, due to the decreased mobility of interfaces, the damping decreases. Solution and quenching treatments can further dramatically improve the damping due to the formation of the eutectoid structure composed of sub-micron α and η phases. Detailed mechanisms have been discussed.
Molecular underpinning of intracellular pH regulation on TMEM16F
Authors: Liang Pengfei , Yang Huanghe
Published: December 2020

TMEM16F, a dual-function phospholipid scramblase and ion channel, is important in blood coagulation, skeleton development, HIV infection, and cell fusion. Despite advances in understanding its structure and activation mechanism, how TMEM16F is regulated by intracellular factors remains largely elusive. Here we report that TMEM16F lipid scrambling and ion channel activities are strongly influenced by intracellular pH (pHi). We found that low pHi attenuates, whereas high pHi potentiates, TMEM16F channel and scramblase activation under physiological concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). We further demonstrate that TMEM16F pHi sensitivity depends on [Ca2+]i and exhibits a bell-shaped relationship with [Ca2+]i: TMEM16F channel activation becomes increasingly pHi sensitive from resting [Ca2+]i to micromolar [Ca2+]i, but when [Ca2+]i increases beyond 15 µM, pHi sensitivity gradually diminishes. The mutation of a Ca2+-binding residue that markedly reduces TMEM16F Ca2+ sensitivity (E667Q) maintains the bell-shaped relationship between pHi sensitivity and Ca2+ but causes a dramatic shift of the peak [Ca2+]i from 15 µM to 3 mM. Our biophysical characterizations thus pinpoint that the pHi regulatory effects on TMEM16F stem from the competition between Ca2+ and protons for the primary Ca2+-binding residues in the pore. Within the physiological [Ca2+]i range, the protonation state of the primary Ca2+-binding sites influences Ca2+ binding and regulates TMEM16F activation. Our findings thus uncover a regulatory mechanism of TMEM16F by pHi and shine light on our understanding of the pathophysiological roles of TMEM16F in diseases with dysregulated pHi, including cancer.
Advances in configuration and genetics of crops for efficient use of water and nutrients in soil
Authors: Song S , Masood T , Huang D M , Wu B , Xu Y , Teng Y , Wang Y , Jiang X Y , Long X Q , Ma F N
Published: December 2020

As an important organ of plants, root play an important role in crop growth and development by absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. Studies on crop root systems, morphological traits, and genetic improvement of physiological functions are important in the establishment of root morphology and efficient use of water and nutrients. This paper mainly introduces the phenotypic and genetic breeding research on the efficient use of soil water and nutrients in important crops such as corn, rice, wheat, and rape. It also discusses the QTL markers and functional genes related to morphological and physiological functions and its applications in genetic improvement. Through design breeding, combined with high-throughput and high-precision root-scanning technology, screening and obtaining the ideal root structure with efficient use of soil water and nutrients, combined with techniques such as resequencing of genomes and analytical methods, the roots are selected for breeding. Crop varieties with better configuration, better quality and better yield have important promotion significance.
The trend of temperature of the Qilian Mountains in the Northwest of China
Authors: Zhao C C , Yao S X , Gao F Y , Jia D Y , Li Q F
Published: December 2020

Temperature is one of the important climatological factors which affects the hydrological processes in a watershed, and is commonly used to investigate the change of climate. The distribution and trend of annual and seasonal mean temperature for 44 meteorological stations in Qilian Mountains over a period of 1960 to 2017 were analyzed by using linear regression. The mean annual temperature ranges from -2.8 to 9.7°C, and is above 0°C below middle mountains. However, the mean temperature of summer is maximum above 43.1°C, and is minimum in winter below -41.6°C. Vertical of mean annual temperature is distributed significantly. The distribution of mean annual temperature is higher in northern slope than in southern, and higher in northwest than in southeast. The warming trend is very strong in winter, and has a certain dependence on the altitude above the 37.5°of northern latitude, which is different in different seasons. The result of the present research would be helpful to promote ecological protection, adjustment of agricultural structure, and management of water resources in the Qilian Mountains.
Genome sequencing of Acinetobacter radioresistens LY strain and XF strain, isolated from peanut bacterial wilt nursery
Authors: Wu Q , Wang Z W , Wang X Z , Tang Y Y , Song G S , Chen J H , Wu C Z , Wang C T
Published: December 2020

Acinetobacter radioresistens was widely found in nature and it has been used to biodegrade methyl parathion and phenol for reducing pesticide pollution. Here, we report two draft genome sequences of A.radioresistens LY strain and XF strain which was isolated from bacterial wilt (BW) infected peanut (Arachis hypogaea) samples in Lin Yi city and Xiang Fan city of China, respectively. A.radioresistens may have relationship with Ralstonia solanacearum which causing BW. The studies may help to control peanut BW.
Whole genome sequencing of Pseudomonas veronii RZ strain
Authors: Wu Q , Wang X Z , Wang Z W , Tang Y Y , Sun Q X , Song G S , Wang C T
Published: December 2020

Pseudomonas veronii is known for its ability of bioremediation of contaminated soils and water. In this study, the 6.48Mb draft genome of Pseudomonas veronii RZ strain was reported which is identified from a Arachis hypogaea plant with bacterial wilt (BW) in Ri Zhao city of China. The p. veronii may have relationship with peanut BW. The studies may be helpful to development new effective methods to control BW.
Research and development status of mycovirus
Authors: Jiao J
Published: December 2020

Mycovirus or fungal virus is a kind of virus that infects fungi and oomycetes and can replicate in them, which widespread in major taxa of fungi and oomycetes. This paper summarized research and development status of mycovirus, including its discovery, classification, transmission, detection techniques, origin and evolution, effects on fungal (oomycete) hosts, interaction with fungal (oomycete) hosts at molecular level and its application in controlling plant fungal (oomycete) diseases, aiming at a basic understanding of the research situation, so as to provide references for mycovirus utilization and future study.
Comparative evaluation of the biological activity of the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil in the Non-chernozem zone (Smolensk region) depending on the fertilizer system
Authors: Postnikov D A , Merzlaya G E , Fedulova A D , Postnikova K V
Published: December 2020

Long field experiments were carried out using two methods for assessing biological activity in the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil. The biological activity of the soil was established by the intensity of decomposition of the linen and using tea bags at the junction of the methodology of the University of Utrecht (Netherlands) and Umeå (Sweden). It was noted that the biological activity of the soil with a rating of “strong” was on all options, but only when using mineral components as fertilizer. In 2017, in the option using only phosphorus fertilizer, the biological activity was rated “very strong”. In variants using the organomineral system, the biological activity of the soil was rated “strong” and “very strong”. When determining the biological activity of the soil by the method of decomposition of organic matter of tea, similar results were obtained. As a consequence, against the background of organic and organomineral systems, it was proved that the biological activity of sod-podzolic soil in the conditions of the western part of the Non-chernozem zone is maximum.
Preface
Authors: Yilmaz Isik , Marschalko Marian , Drusa Marian
Published: December 2020

6th World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium -WMESS 2020

This volume of “ IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES)” contains the papers presented in the “6th World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium” in the city of romance Prague (Czech Republic) during 7-11 September 2020. The aim of the WMESS 2020 is to provide a forum for discussion of the latest findings and technologies in different fields of Earth Sciences, to give opportunities for future collaborations. It is a platform for sharing knowledge and experiences in the fields of Earth Sciences by providing a forum for early career researchers for presentation of their work and discussion of their ideas with experts in different fields of Earth Sciences.

WMESS 2020 (www.mess-earth.org) is the 6th of the Annual series with its main mission to contribute in multidisciplinary studies related with Earth Sciences, and improvment of interactions between researchers. WMESS 2020 also provided a forum for this diverse range of studies which report the latest results and document emerging understanding of related systems and our place in it.

We would like to show our deep gratitude to the honored Scientific Committee and Institutional Scientific Partners of WMESS 2020. The Scientific Committee and Institutional Scientific Partners of WMESS 2020 was completed by paying strict attention, and all members were selected from well-known, very much appreciated, productive and representatives of the different countries. We are deeply grateful to the members of the scientific committee and institutional scientific partners.

All the missions of World Multidisciplinary Earth Sciences Symposium - WMESS 2020 were completed, and 109 peer reviewed articles were published. We would like to thank all reviewers for their great effort to achieve the high quality of published articles.

We thank to the sponsors of WMESS 2020 (as main sponsors LAMA Energy Group, LAMA Gas and Oil, and to be co-sponsor Prague City Tourism) for their very much appreciated supports during the organization of “World Multidisciplinary Earth Science Symposium - WMESS 2020”. Of course, we would like to express my sincere gratitude to all participants from different countries all over the world for their interests and contributions in WMESS 2020. Another thank goes to the team of WMESS 2020 for their very much appreciated high workload during year.

Işık YILMAZ

Marian MARSCHALKO

Marian DRUSA

Editors of WMESS 2020
Changes in Precipitation in Poland in the 21st Century in the Light of Quantile Classification
Authors: Malinowska Miroslawa
Published: December 2020

The study aims to analyze the variability of the precipitation character of seasons and years at selected stations in Poland in the 21st century. The work includes six meteorological stations located in specific regions of Poland. The precipitation character of years and climatic seasons was determined using quantile classification, based on the values of 10, 30, 70, and 90% quantile of the empirical distribution of seasonal and annual precipitation. 1971-2010 precipitation data (normal period) were applied to calculate the quantiles values. In spring (MAM), the highest frequency of precipitation anomalies was recorded in Wroclaw station. In the 21st century, precipitation of only one spring period was classified as normal at this station. Seven springs were dry or very dry, and 11 were wet or very wet. The most stable seasonal precipitation in spring was observed in Suwałki station. In the years 2001-2019, the twelve spring seasons had normal rainfall. Three spring seasons in Suwałki were classified as dry or very dry and five as wet or very wet. In the summer season (JJA) Szczecin and Wroclaw recorded a high frequency of precipitation anomalies. At each of these stations, 15 summer seasons were characterized by abnormal rainfall. The frequency of rainfall anomalies in the summer season was the smallest in Suwałki, where ten seasons with abnormal rainfalls were recorded, including three seasons with low or very low rainfall and six seasons with high or very high rainfall. In the autumn season (SON), precipitation was more stable in western and central Poland, where the number of seasons with abnormal precipitation ranged between 9 in Szczecin and Wroclaw to 10 in Lodz. In Lublin, on the other hand, as many as 15 seasons with abnormal rainfall was recorded in the 21st century. In the winter season of 2001-2019, rainfall amounts of unusual nature dominated at all stations, with the frequency being higher at these located in eastern Poland. The analysis of annual sums of precipitation showed that most years were abnormal in terms of precipitation, with a higher frequency of precipitation anomalies at stations located in the eastern part of the country.
Justification of Longwall Mining Technology for the Development of Kieselguhr Deposit in Sig Mine, Algeria
Authors: Lamamra Abdessattar , Neguritsa Dimitriy L. , Eremenko Vitaly A.
Published: December 2020

The improvement of mineral extraction technology in underground mines to increase productivity has become an important objective of the mining industry in Algeria in the race for price competitiveness, especially after the sharp decline oil prices as the main income of Algeria. But the increase production in underground mines where the deposits do not have good mechanical characteristics is a major challenge for the decision-makers, as the case of the kieselguhr mine of sig (Western Algeria) which uses the Room and pillar mining method that do not fit the condition of soft deposits and do not have sufficient strength, which causes a lot of collapses from time to time. The only way to ensure the increase of production, by improving the method of extraction and efficiency of the equipment used. In this article, we will combine the Room and pillars mining method and use the technology of the longwall mining method to increase the production of the mine and ensures the safety of workers during operation.