bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent achievements in copper catalysis for C–N bond formation
Authors: Averin Alexei D. , Abel Anton S. , Grigorova Olga K. , Latyshev Gennadij V. , Kotovshchikov Yury N. , Mitrofanov Alexander Yu. , Bessmertnykh-Lemeune Alla , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: July 2020

A mini-review describes the development of the catalysis by Cu(I) complexes aimed at the formation of C–N bond at the Lomonosov MSU during 2010s. The main approach employs the amination of aryl and heteroaryl halides with the amines and polyamines, in this direction a great versatility of starting compounds was achieved: adamantane-containing amines, linear diamines, oxadiamines and polyamines, various aryl iodides and bromides, derivatives of pyridine, and quinoline were used for this purpose. In more peculiar cases, the copper catalysis was used for steroids transformations, including vinylation of azoles, wide-spread “click” reactions for the conjugate syntheses, and successful heterogenezation of the copper catalysts were also undertaken.
Floquet analysis of linear dynamic RLC circuits
Authors: El-Borhamy Mohamed , Rashad Essam Eddin M. , Sobhy Ismail
Published: July 2020

In this article, the linear dynamic analysis of AC generators modeled as RLC circuits with periodically time-varying inductances via Floquet’s theory is considered. Necessary conditions for the dynamic stability are derived. The harmonic balance method is employed to predict the transition curves and stability domains. An approximate expression for the Floquet form of solution is constructed using Whittaker’s method in the neighborhood of transition curves. Numerical verifications for the obtained theoretical results are considered. In accordance with the experimental results, a satisfactory agreement is relatively achieved with the closed experimental literature of the problem.
Blend polyethersulfone/zirconium oxychloride octahydrate membranes crosslinked by polyvinyl alcohol layer for high saline water desalination
Authors: Taman Radwa , Mansour Moustapha S. , Elgayar Dina A. , Abdallah Heba , Shalaby Marwa S.
Published: July 2020

Mixed matrix membranes were prepared by blending polyethersulfone with zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZOH) solution, and coating by polyvinyl alcohol layer. Different analyses were applied in the prepared membranes. Membranes performances were examined using different salty solutions concentrations (5000, 10,000 and 20,000 mg/L) and a real sample from highly concentrated seawater (brine) of 1,30,900 mg/L. The results indicate that blending polyethersulfone with 1.5% ZOH and coating with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cross-linking layer (M4) provides salt rejection of 99.9% with permeate flux of 32.4 L/m2.h for the salt solution of 5000 mg/L, while salt rejection was 92% with permeate flux of 11.1 L/m2.h for the salt solution of 1,30,900 mg/L. The results indicate enhancement in the hydrophilicity of the membranes especially after coating by the PVA layer and increasing the ZOH%, such as the high permeate flux and the lowest contact angle of prepared membrane M4 (1.5% ZOH) which was 39.7°. A long time experiment was applied on the prepared membrane (M4), where the results indicate that the permeate flux for a long time was approximately fixed for 120 h, which indicates that the membrane can be considered as a self-cleaning membrane.
From silence to positive self-presentation: gradual emergence of negative face wants inKǒngguīzú’s(恐归族)intergenerational conflicts with their family elders
Authors: Zhang Ping
Published: July 2020

Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory (1978, 1987) is often challenged on its claim of the universality of face, in particular, the applicability of negative face to communicators from the sinosphere. This study argues that the notion of negative face is applicable to account for young Chinese people’s communication strategies and behaviors during their intergenerational conflicts. Drawing on discursive psychology and conversation analysis approaches to the dialogic lyrics ofShénqǔaboutKǒngguīzú, this paper explores the dynamic construction process of young Chinese people’s negative face. It reveals that this dynamic construction has been shaped by the cultural values of mixing traditional Confucian values with a new materialistic and individualistic orientation, and that adhering to the traditional cultural norm of harmony is crucial to satisfying negative face wants. This finding suggests that the mixed cultural values should be incorporated into the parametric system of Chinese negative face analysis.
Self-Denigration in 21st Century Chinese
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , Zhou Ling
Published: July 2020

The present paper aims to explore the characteristics of the self-denigration phenomenon in present-day Chinese, hence revisiting a key Chinese linguacultural phenomenon from a contemporary angle. We investigate the following understudied phenomenon: Self-denigration has changed together with Chinese interpersonal language use and interactional technologies, and is currently being used in remarkably innovative ways, in particular in the domain of online interactions. While various historical self-denigrating forms have remained in use, significantly more newly invented ones have gained popularity. We argue that the cluster of self-denigrating forms used in present-day Chinese can fulfil a variety of sociopragmatic functions. Some of these functions - such as showing off - paradoxically contradict with the conventional understanding of self-denigration as a ceremonial form of deference behaviour expressing modesty. Our investigation is based on data drawn from computer-mediated communication (CMC), as well as semi-structured interviews.
Exposure assessment of indoor particulate matter during pregnancy: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Shezi Busisiwe , Jafta Nkosana , Naidoo Rajen N.
Published: July 2020

Objective

The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence of the exposure assessment approaches of indoor particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy and to recommend future focus areas.

Content

Exposure to indoor PM during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, many questions remain about the consistency of the findings and the magnitude of this effect. This may be due to the exposure assessment methods used and the challenges of characterizing exposure during pregnancy. Exposure is unlikely to remain constant over the nine-month period. Pregnant females’ mobility and activities vary – for example, employment status may be random among females, but among those employed, activities are likely to be greater in the early pregnancy than closer to the delivery of the child.

Forty three studies that used one of the five categories of indoor PM exposure assessment (self-reported, personal air monitoring, household air monitoring, exposure models and integrated approaches) were assessed. Our results indicate that each of these exposure assessment approaches has unique characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses. While questionnaires and interviews are based on self-report and recall, they were a major component in the reviewed exposure assessment studies. These studies predominantly used large sample sizes. Precision and detail were observed in studies that used integrated approaches (i. e. questionnaires, measurements and exposure models).

Outlook

Given the limitations presented by these studies, exposure misclassification remains possible because of personal, within and between household variability, seasonal changes, and spatiotemporal variability during pregnancy. Therefore, using integrated approaches (i. e. questionnaire, measurements and exposure models) may provide better estimates of PM levels across trimesters. This may provide precision for exposure estimates in the exposure-response relationship.
Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of fish from Kao Bay
Authors: Amqam Hasnawati , Thalib Dahlan , Anwar Daud , Sirajuddin Saifuddin , Mallongi Anwar
Published: July 2020

Water pollution by heavy metals due to discharge from gold mining activity has threatened the aquatic environment and human health of the community around Kao Bay. This report review explores the level of mercury and arsenic in the fish and the health risk of fish consumption within the community around Kao Bay. Fish from 10 spots in the bay were analyzed for mercury and arsenic using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Community members around Kao Bay were interviewed for details of their fish consumption. Daily intake of metals and health risk level were also calculated. All of the fish caught contained mercury (mean of 0.2110 ug/g) and arsenic (mean of 0.422 ug/g). This heavy metal concentration exceeds the allowable level for food standard. The human health risk assessment showed that the fish caught from Kao Bay were not safe for human consumption (RQ>1). The hazard risk quotient based on cancer and non-cancer was more than one. As many as 49 of 52 people living around Kao Bay have a risk from mercury and arsenic exposure via fish consumption. The magnitude of HQ and ECR values for most fish indicates that it is not safe for consumption.
Financial integration in emerging economies: an application of threshold cointegration
Authors: Ali Sajid , Rehman Mobeen Ur , Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain , Raza Naveed , Vinh Vo Xuan
Published: July 2020

The asymmetric short – and long-run relationships between BRICS stock markets are examined using monthly stock price data from January 2001 through December 2014. The asymmetric co-integration analysis confirms the presence of a long-run association between the BRICS stock markets; where, the speed of adjustment to the negative shocks is higher and statistically significant for the Brazil-India and China-India pairs, which indicates quick adjustment of stock prices to bad news compared to good news. Conversely, the speed of adjustment for Indian and South African stock markets is higher for positive shocks, while the relationship between the stock markets pair of Russia and South Africa is linear. The results of asymmetric error correction model (AECM) reveal evidence of bidirectional causality between China-India, India-South Africa and South Africa-Russia, while unidirectional causality runs from the Indian to Brazilian stock market. Thus, we can safely conclude that the Indian stock market has long-run and short-run relationships with most of the other stock markets. This suggests that investors should pay attention to the Indian stock market when investing in BRICS stock markets.
Trösten in der Begleitung von geflüchteten Menschen
Authors: Reddemann Luise , Joksimovic Ljiljana , Kaster Simone D.
Published: July 2020

Im vorliegenden Essay führen die Autorinnen anhand eines Fallbeispiels die Notwendigkeit von Trost in der Psychotherapie mit geflüchteten Menschen aus. Vertrauen und Zuversicht können dann erwachsen, wenn ein leidender Mensch die Erfahrung macht, dass sein Schmerz anerkennend gewürdigt und er mitfühlend getröstet wird. Je schwerer die Verletzungen sind, umso wichtiger ist es das, was ein Mensch glaubt, seine spirituellen Ressourcen, zu erkunden und als Kraft- und Trostquellen in der Behandlung zu nutzen.
“More than an intensive care phenomenon”: Religious communities and the WHO Guidelines for Ebola and Covid-19
Authors: Winiger Fabian
Published: July 2020

This article draws on anthropological fieldwork conducted during the West African Ebola outbreak (2014-2016) and reports of the ongoing Covid-19 crisis to discuss the role played by religion in infectious disease control. While much separates Ebola and Covid-19, the religious practices prevalent in both contexts produce similar challenges to hospital staff and caregivers. In West Africa, at least 20 % of all infections were suspected to be related to the burial of deceased Ebola victims; yet at the same time, local communities at times reacted very negatively to infectious disease control measures. This article discusses how, based on this recognition, a systematic exchange began between anthropologists, faith-based organisations (FBOs) and humanitarian organisations active in the provision of healthcare, culminating in a WHO protocol for the “safe and dignified” burial of Ebola victims. The model of ‘contactless’ adaptations of religious practices it put forth may have significantly contributed to the control of the epidemic. In the second part, this article turns to the Covid-19 pandemic to show how religious communities have responded to the risks associated with many religious practices, and how the WHO, drawing on its experience with Ebola, developed comparable guidelines aimed at religious leaders and faith communities. As the experience in West Africa has shown, it is argued, the active involvement of religious actors in the formulation of public health measures may not only help to provide safe comfort in the midst of a profoundly alienating experience, but significantly reduce the spread of the virus.
Dynamics of a discrete-time system with Z-type control
Authors: Garai Shilpa , Garain Moumita , Samanta Sudip , Pal Nikhil
Published: July 2020

In community ecology, the stability of a predator–prey system is a considerably desired issue; as a result, population control of a predator–prey system is very important. The dynamics of continuous-time models with Z-type control is studied earlier. But, the effectiveness of the Z-type control mechanism in a discrete-time set-up is lacking. First, we consider a Lotka–Volterra type discrete-time predator–prey model. We observe that without control, the system exhibits rich dynamical behaviors including chaotic oscillations. We apply the Z-control mechanism in both direct and indirect ways to the system and observe that in both cases, controllers have the property to drive the populations of the system to the desired state. We conduct numerical simulation as supporting evidence of our analytical results.
Aid Provided by Local Self-government Units as Value Complementing Legal Institution of Cooperation in Self-government
Authors: Ofiarska Małgorzata
Published: July 2020

Providing mutual financial aid and aid in kind by entities of the local self-government sector (local self-government units, their unions and associations) are conceptually related to the legal institution of cooperation in the sector. This work includes the analysis and evaluation of legal regulations, doctrine and judicial practice in scope of this least institutionalized form of cooperation. It has been determined that an entity providing such aid freely decides on its form and value, but in case of providing the aid it is obliged to follow the rules and mode defined by legislators. In the resolution the decision making body of the entity providing the aid in general defines the aid value and the task for which the aid is to be dedicated. The decisions shall be specified in the agreement signed between executive organs, the aid granting and the aid receiving entities respectively. The act reserves that the financial aid may only be in a form of a designated subsidy from the budget. The aid in kind may have more universal forms, e.g. transfer of a specific thing, performance of work or services. The provision of aid is a specific form of cooperation in the local self-government sector, and simultaneously it has a crucial impact on the protection and conservation of fundamental values giving base for the concept and functioning of self-government unions, such as: self-reliance, subsidiarity, decentralization, sense of solidarity with other self-government unions, responsibility and the formation of partner relations acting in common interest.
Public Financing of Sport Infrastructure versus State Aid
Authors: Niwiński Radosław
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this article is to present an overall insight into the legal aspects related to public financing of a sport infrastructure in Poland. The research strives to draw attention to the importance of public financing in the sports sector and also to ensure a small breakthrough in the administrative process of granting and applying for state aid funds. The author highlights the possible negative implications of mistakes in the state aid scheme, in particular connected with the potential recovery of incompatible aid. The article includes theoretical and practical issues related to the rules of state aid in sports sector. The research is intended to propose an interpretation and application of the current state aid law in light with CJEU jurisdiction and the Commission’s decision-making practices. In the opinion of the researcher the final implications contribute to the better protection of the joint interest of Polish sports clubs and public authorities and to minimalization of the potential risk of EU sanctions.
Characterization and Fine Mapping of a Yellow-Virescent Gene Regulating Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Early Stage Chloroplast Development in Brassica napus
Authors: Zhao Chuanji , Liu Lijiang , Safdar Luqman Bin , Xie Meili , Cheng Xiaohui , Liu Yueying , Xiang Yang , Tong Chaobo , Tu Jinxing , Huang Junyan , Liu Shengyi
Published: July 2020

Chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development are crucial to photosynthesis and plant growth, but their regulatory mechanism remains elusive in many crop species. We isolated a Brassica napus yellow-virescent leaf (yvl) mutant, which exhibited yellow-younger-leaf and virescent-older-leaf with decreased chlorophyll accumulation and delayed chloroplast development. We mapped yvl locus to a 70-kb interval between molecular markers yvl-O10 and InDel-O6 on chromosome A03 in BC2F2 population using whole genome re-sequencing and bulked segregant analysis. The mutant had a ‘C’ to ‘T’ substitution in the coding sequence of BnaA03.CHLH, which encodes putative H subunit of Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase (CHLH). The mutation resulted in an imperfect protein structure and reduced activity of CHLH. It also hampered the plastid encoded RNA polymerase which transcribes regulatory genes of photosystem II and I. Consequently, the chlorophyll a/b and carotenoid contents were reduced and the chloroplast ultrastructure was degraded in yvl mutant. These results explain that a single nucleotide mutation in BnaA03.CHLH impairs PEP activity to disrupt chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in B. napus.
Some reflections on journalism education and journalism culture
Authors: Balčytienė Auksė , Lauk Epp
Published: July 2020

A consequence of globalization of media economy and technology for journalism lies in the unification of the production processes of media content. Differences between journalistic production routines and applied principles are diminishing towards more popularized, more commercialized production of content (Hallin & Mancini, 2004). Furthermore, journalists in many countries around the world work in basically similar professional environments; they use similar equipment and technology and share a common occupational ideology. Michael Schudson (2001:153) describes the occupational ideology of journalism as cultural knowledge that constitutes ‘news judgment’, rooted deeply in the communicators’ consciousness. This ‘cultural knowledge’ comprises certain characteristics and values, which journalists generally agree upon as a basis of journalistic practice, and function ‘to self-legitimize their position in society’ (Deuze, 2005: 446).
Žiniasklaidos vaidmens problema darnaus vystymosi komunikacijoje
Authors: Savickas Mindaugas
Published: July 2020

Straipsnyje, vadovaujantis sociologo Blake’o Ratnerio pasiūlyta darnaus vystymosi kaip vertybių dialogo samprata, taip pat teorine socialinio konstruktyvizmo prieiga, nagrinėjami probleminiai darnaus vystymosi komunikacijos proceso žiniasklaidoje aspektai. Politikos mediatizacija – vienas iš svarbiausių pokyčių, kuriuos politika (plačiąja prasme) patyrė modernybėje. Žiniasklaidos sukurtų „realybės“ vaizdinių paplitimas, pamatinė žiniasklaidos reikšmė rinkėjams teikiant politines idėjas verčia abejoti bet kokių didesnę visuomeninę reikšmę turinčių idėjų sklaidos ir prigijimo visuomenėje galimybe, nekomunikuojant jų žiniasklaidoje. Viena iš tokių idėjų – darnus vystymasis. Taigi pagrindinis straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti žiniasklaidos vaidmens darnaus vystymosi komunikacijoje problemą. Uždaviniai: 1. Apibrėžti vertybines darnaus vystymosi ir žiniasklaidos sistemos sąsajas; 2. Atskleisti žiniasklaidos kaip dialogą mūsų bendros ateities klausimu galinčios kurti institucijos poveikį darnaus vystymosi idėjų realizacijos arba atmetimo visuomenėje perspektyvai; 3. Aptarti kokybišką darnos ir darnaus vystymosi komunikaciją žiniasklaidoje ribojančius veiksnius.
Kronika 2015
Authors: Kazakevičiūtė Parengė Inga
Published: July 2020

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Productive performance of broiler birds fed Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal containing diets
Authors: Ogbonna C.E. , Ukpabi U.H. , Jiwuba P.C. , Onwujiariri E.B.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. A forty-two day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of diets containing Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal on the productive performance of broilers on feed intake, body weight, carcass and organ characteristics. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit was processed and incorporated in the diets at 0%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% dietary levels, represented as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, for both starter (7-28 days of age) and finisher phase (28-49 days of age). One hundred and twenty unsexed abor acre broiler birds were brooded for seven days and thereafter 30 birds were randomly allotted to four treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) and each treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. The data collected showed significant (p<0.05) differences for feed intake, body weight changes and feed conversion ratio for both starter and finisher broilers. Live weight, dressed weight and dressing percentage were significantly better for T1 across the treatments (p<0.05). Wing, drumstick breast muscle and thigh cuts were significantly improved at the treatment groups (p<0.05). The gizzard, heart, and spleen were significantly (p<0.05) higher at T1. Liver also differed significantly (p<0.05) with T4 having the highest weight over other treatments. It could therefore be concluded that T2 produced the best body weight and should be recommended for enhanced broiler production.
Differentiation of paediatric burn injury by household energy source in South Africa
Authors: Govender Rajen , Kimemia David , Hornsby Nancy , Van Niekerk Ashley
Published: July 2020

Burn injuries remain a significant cause of death and disability in the global south, with children amongst the most vulnerable. In South Africa, burns are a critical health and economic burden in densely populated and energy-impoverished communities. This study used secondary data on burn injuries from 19 health facilities to differentiate between risk for scalds and flame burns across three household energy sources (firewood, paraffin and electricity). The sample was 2 933 cases of child burn victims, with key analytical procedures being descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Results showed that 52% of burn injury admissions reported electricity as the household energy source used at the time of injury. Most burn injuries were scalds (85.3%), with infants and toddlers at greatest risk. The differentiation between wood and paraffin was associated with a threefold increase in scalds relative to flame burns, while that between paraffin and electricity indicated a sevenfold increase in scalds and nineteen times such an increase between wood and electricity. This was an indication of continued challenges for the country in addressing paediatric burns despite, and in the context of, the continued electrification of poor households. The study recommends improved regulation of electrical appliances used by low-income households, and targeted household safety education initiatives.
Human Islet Microvasculature Image Processing v1
Authors: Peñaloza Jesus , Campbell-Thompson Martha
Published: July 2020

The following protocol aims to enhance the resolution of confocal images by applying different image processing algorithms embedded in MATLAB scripts.
PINTURA REVISIONISTA, NARRATIVAS CONTRA O SILÊNCIO
Authors: Cantuária Marcela
Published: July 2020

Marcela Cantuária estabelece um caminho no qual a pintura é a matriz para a expansão dos pensamentos sobre o mundo ao seu redor. De apropriações de imagens da história, do universo da política e de como a sociedade faz circular acontecimentos, a artista articula tanto as referências advindas da mídia, quanto os documentos de acervo e estudos acadêmicos que terminam por alimentar suas pesquisas que se realizam em suas telas.Cantuária olha as lutas sociais, os embates históricos de classes, o racismo, o protagonismo feminino, as percepções acerca das forças que operam nas estruturas sociais e ativa signos da cultura e do inconsciente para construir um projeto artístico que desordena estruturas simbólicas de poder.Povos originários, mães da Praça de Maio, militantes, guerrilheiras, animais e natureza figuram em suas obras disparando criticidade sobre os processos violentos que se estabelecem na América Latina. Catástrofe, racismo estrutural, violências perpetradas pelo capitalismo neoliberal. A despeito de tantas evidências que revelam o colonialismo presente nas raízes, e sangram o povo, sua obra nos conduz a um desejo de reparação, dívida histórica dos processos de exploração, na busca do Bem Viver, das formas de vida em harmonia com a natureza. Seus trabalhos intencionam ativar um dispositivo de conteúdo que denomina de “anti-aminéico”, como mecanismo de revisão histórica contra os múltiplos processos de apagamento dos mais vulneráveis pela história oficial e pelos regimes totalitários.Além dos conteúdos densos, a pintura de Marcela Cantuária traz na elaboração das imagens um repertório visual farto e complexo, uma colagem de temporalidades e referências imagéticas, por vezes anacrônicas, que projetam um inconsciente coletivo, materializadas em cores vibrantes e contrastantes. Nada é gratuito na construção simbólica da artista. Política, supra-partidária, Cantuária enuncia sobre as políticas dos corpos, da violência imposta ao cidadão no dia a dia das cidades e do campo. Sua obra testemunha a violência que o homem impõe a si mesmo; todavia nos convida, ao fim de tudo, e de forma crítica, áspera e bela, a ter esperança.Orlando Maneschy
BREVES NOTAS SOBRE O ESTADO, A REGIÃO E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DESIGUAL
Authors: Pereira William Pereira E. Nunes , Morais Ana  Morais Cristina dos Santos , Júnior Francisco Do O´ de Lima
Published: July 2020

O desenvolvimento brasileiro foi marcado pela desigualdade social e regional. Mas não deve ficar reduzido ao bem-estar de alguns poucos grupos ou agentes. Para evitar a continuidade desse estado de coisas, a ação estatal é fundamental. Mas não uma ação qualquer e sim, uma ação deliberadamente estimuladora do desenvolvimento sustentável. O objetivo central é analisar sucintamente alguns pontos do processo de desenvolvimento desigual no Brasil e o papel da guerra fiscal na redução da desigualdade regional. A hipótese é que a guerra fiscal não contribui para a redução das desigualdades fiscais. A pesquisa histórico-dedutiva e a revisão bibliográfica se constituíram em atividades permanentes no decurso da elaboração desse paper. Um outro passo fundamental se constituiu em um levantamento de dados secundários que possibilitem a fundamentação das ideias desenvolvidas. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que a guerra fiscal não soluciona o desenvolvimento desigual.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE CULTURA E DESENVOLVIMENTO: CELSO FURTADO, DOUGLASS NORTH E AMARTYA SEN
Authors: Costa Eduardo  Costa José Monteiro da , Machado Luiz Alberto de Souza Aranha
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar alguns pontos de convergência do pensamento e da ação três baluartes da história do pensamento econômico, Celso Furtado, Douglass North e Amartya Sen, notadamente no que se refere a: (i) uma visão econômica que vai muito além do economicismo tão presente em muitas análises econômicas; (ii) a constante preocupação com a busca permanente de melhores padrões de vida para as populações em geral e, em especial, para as populações de países subdesenvolvidos; e; (iii) o estreito vínculo entre cultura e desenvolvimento. Celso Furtado; Douglass North; Amartya Sen; cultura; desenvolvimento.
Discurso de Inauguración del VI Congreso Colombiano de Obstetricia y Ginecología
Authors: Arévalo Burgos Eduardo
Published: July 2020

Con ocasion de inaugurarse hoy las sesiones del VI Congreso Colombiano de Obstetricia y Ginecología, no he querido hacer en mi carácter de Presidente de la Sociedad Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología un acto puramente convencional, sino referirme al común denominador, al eslabón que a todos nos une en este evento, a la razón de ser de nuestra vida y de nuestra especialidad, a la Mujer.
Cesárea Extraperitoneal
Authors: Milanés Pernett Jorge , Zabaleta Lombana Alberto , Soto Yances Antonio
Published: July 2020

Se presentan 23 casos de Cesárea extraperitoneal, practicadas en la Clínica Universitaria de Maternidad "Rafael Calvo C." de Cartagena, en el lapso comprendido entre el 1º de Enero de 1964 y el 10 de Octubre de 1965, las cuales representan el 6.5% de todas las cesáreas afectadas en dicho centro asistencial.Se hace notorio que la mayoría de estos casos se presentaron en pacientes primigestantes, entre los 14 y los 19 años y que el 78.2% de los casos fueron impuros, es decir con infección manifiesta, generalmente amnionitis.Igualmente se hace un esquema ilustrativo de la incidencia de la operación cesárea, relacionándola con el número total de pacientes ingresados a la Clínica, así como el tipo de cesárea practicada en cada caso.Se detalla la edad de las pacientes y la gravidez de las mismas, señalándose además, la edad ele la gestación y la duración para la extracción del feto, partiendo del momento de la anestesia, punto que consideramos de extrema importancia, especialmente en los casos de sufrimiento fetal.Se enumeran las causas fundamentales que justificaron la intervención y se habla brevemente de la conducta seguida por nosotros durante el postoperatorio.Presentamos datos sobre el peso en gramos del feto obtenido en la operación y el estado del mismo, explicando el manejo inmediato y el tratamiento para la recuperación pronta de los apneicos.Finalmente hacemos un cuadro comparativo entre la cesárea transperitoneal y la extraperitoneal, teniendo en cuenta que, durante el post-operatorio se tuvieron los mismos cuidados y tratamientos en forma rutinaria, encontrándose que el 18.7% de los casos y transperitoneal (62) casos sufrieron infección de la herida y solo 1 caso de las extraperitoneales se infectó, transcurriendo 16 casos, en los cuales no hubo ninguna complicación, no obstante que la mayoría de las pacientes eran casos impuros.
La enseñanza de la economía política en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá (1934-1945)
Authors: Molina Bravo José Arturo
Published: July 2020

En su paso por la “puerta estrecha de la pedagogía”, según lo señaló Maurice Halbawchs, la reflexión de Émile Durkheim planteó una concepción de la reforma universitaria: reflejaba su preocupación constante por los problemas de la educación y de la enseñanza. Estos problemas hacían parte de la pedagogía clásica: la educación moral, la psicología de la infancia y la historia de las doctrinas pedagógicas. La propia pedagogía ya se concebía en un ámbito de reflexión, que le permitió investigar sobre la función social formada por un espíritu singular. Tanto la evolución como los modos de cambio de las instituciones de enseñanza y de las ideas pedagógicas, correspondían a dinámicas de adaptación de sus estructuras hacia nuevas exigencias y condiciones históricas y culturales. La reforma de la enseñanza fue entendida a partir de las innovaciones y modificaciones producidas en las “estructuras antiguas” de las instituciones educativas, por las “influencias ejercidas desde el exterior”. La enseñanza y su evolución se entendían como autónomas de la política, de la economía, de la ciencia; pero se pensaban en relación, por lo que sus diversas formas de comunicación debían ser reflexionadas y explicadas de acuerdo con las reglamentaciones de la naciente sociología.
CONSTRUING RECONCILIATION – LAY PEOPLE DEFINITIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH
Authors: Karić Tijana , Mihić Vladimir
Published: July 2020

To define intergroup reconciliation is still a dynamic topic in social-psychological research, and lay people are seldom included in the study. Given that post-conflict processes in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina are still marked by ethnic divisions, the main aim of our research has been to explore how Serbs and Bosniaks define reconciliation. We applied focus groups methodology to investigate this question. Eight mono-ethnic focus groups were conducted with Serbs and Bosniaks, in Sarajevo and Banja Luka. 56 people participated in total. The results showed that both groups defined reconciliation in terms of accepting the outgroup, achieving ordinary life and political reconciliation. However, groups differed in certain definitions. Bosniaks conceptualized reconciliation as facing the past, resolving past issues, economic sustainability, and future orientation. Parts of definition provided mostly by Serbs included cooperation, respect, understanding, and building relationships. Results were discussed in the light of available reconciliation literature, as well as collective narratives about 1990s war.
Química analítica básica
Authors: Andrade João Carlos de
Published: July 2020

Volumetria é o termo genérico usado para designar o conjunto de procedimentos quantitativos que pode ser usado na determinação da concentração de uma espécie específica contida em uma amostra, por adição de volumes discretos e precisos de uma solução de concentração exatamente conhecida, que deve reagir rápida e quantitativamente a espécie de interesse existente na solução-problema, comumente chamada de analito. A volumetria de neutralização ou volumetria ácido-base é um método de análise baseado especificamente na reação entre os íons H3O+ e OH-: H3O+ + OH- = 2 H2O cuja extensão é governada pelo produto iônico da água: KH2O  = [H3O+l [OH-] À primeira vista pode-se pensar que a reação entre quantidades equivalentes de um ácido e de uma base resultaria sempre em uma solução neutra. Entretanto, isto pode não ocorrer por causa dos fenômenos de hidrólise e de tamponamento que acompanham as reações entre ácidos fortes e bases fracas ou ácidos fracos e bases fortes. E, se for escolhido o método visual para a detecção do ponto final do procedimento analítico, os efeitos tamponantes gerados no meio reagente ainda podem prejudicar a ação dos indicadores e tornar difícil a visualização do ponto final do processo. Por estas razões, para empregar corretamente a volumetria de neutralização, fica bem evidente a necessidade de se conhecer muito bem  as características e o comportamento dos sistemas ácido-base em solução aquosa envolvidos neste tipo de procedimento analítico, bem como suas curvas de titulação [1-3].
Bunuh Diri pada Anak dan Remaja
Authors: Zulaikha Afrina , Febriyana Nining
Published: July 2020

Secara global, bunuh diri merupakan penyebab kematian nomor tiga di dunia dengan kecenderungan peningkatan pada kelompok anak dan remaja. Tingkat bunuh diri bervariasi mulai dari ide bunuh diri, ancaman bunuh diri, percobaan bunuh diri dan tindakan bunuh diri. Faktor risiko bunuh diri pada anak dan remaja mencakup gangguan psikiatri, stresor psikososial, faktor kognitif dan faktor biologi. Selain itu bunuh diri pada anak dan remaja juga dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan kognitif, pemahaman mengenai kosep kematian, faktor afektif dan peran kelekatan. Banyak penelitian yang telah mengembangkan alat penapisan bunuh diri seperti Ask Suicide Screening Question(ASQ) dan Risk for Suicide Quessionare (RSQ), dan lainnya yang dapat digunakan sebagai langkah preventif untuk mengurangi dan membantu anak dan remaja yang berisiko untuk melakukan bunuh diri. Pengetahuan dan pemahaman (psikodinamika) yang baik serta komprehensif tentang bunuh diri pada anak dan remaja akan sangat membantu dalam melakukan prevensi dan intervensi yang tepat dalam penanganan kasus ini.
Formation of the Dynamic Energy Cascades in Quartic and Quintic Generalized KdV Equations
Authors: Dutykh Denys , Tobisch Elena
Published: July 2020

In this study we investigate the formation of dynamical energy cascades in higher order KdV-type equations. In the beginning we recall what is known about the dynamic cascades for the classical KdV (quadratic) and mKdV (cubic) equations. Then, we investigate further the mKdV case by considering a richer set of initial perturbations in order to check the validity and persistence of various facts previously established for the narrow-banded perturbations. Afterwards we focus on higher order nonlinearities (quartic and quintic) which are found to be quite different in many respects from the mKdV equation. Throughout this study we consider both the direct and double energy cascades. It was found that the dynamic cascade is always formed, but its formation is not necessarily accompanied by the nonlinear stage of the modulational instability. Direct cascade structure remains invariant regardless the size of the spectral domain. In contrast, the double cascade shape can depend on the size of the spectral domain, even if the total number of cascading modes remains invariant. Results obtained in this study can be potentially applied to plasmas, free surface and internal wave hydrodynamics.
Brief Report: Rapid Clinical Recovery from Critical COVID-19 with Respiratory Failure in a Lung Transplant Patient Treated with Intravenous Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
Authors: Youssef Jihad Georges , Zahiruddin Faisal , Al-Saadi Mukhtar , Yau Simon , Goodarzi Ahmad , Huang Howard J. , Javitt Jonathan C.
Published: July 2020

RLF-100 (Aviptadil), a synthetic form of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) has been granted Fast Track Designation by the US FDA for the treatment of Critical COVID-19 with Respiratory Failure. We describe the clinical course of the first patient treated with this investigational medication in an open label manner -- a 54 year old patient suffering antibody-mediated rejection of his double lung transplant who contracted COVID-19 with respiratory failure refractory to all currently available therapies. He received three infusions of RLF-100 under an FDA-approved emergency use IND. Within 24 hours of the third infusion, substantial improvement in oxygen saturation and radiographic improvement in characteristic COVID-19 pneumonitis was noted. He was discharged from intensive care at that point and returned home at 1 week on room air.
A Step Forward to Revolutionise IntrusionDetection System Using Deep Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Samir , Chowdhury Ratul , Roy Arindam , Saha Banani
Published: July 2020

Cyber security plays an important role to protect our computer, network, program and data from unauthorized access. Intrusion detection system (IDS) and intrusion prevention system (IPS) are two main categories of cyber security, designed to identify any suspicious activities present in inbound and outbound network packets and restrict the suspicious incident. Deep neural network plays a significant role in the construction of IDS and IPS. This paper highlights a novel IDS using optimized convolution neural network (CNN-IDS). An optimized CNNIDS model is an improvement over CNN which selects the best weighted model by considering the loss in every epoch. All the experiments have been conducted on the well known NSL-KDD dataset. Information gain has been used for dimensionality reduction. The accuracy of the proposed model is evaluated through optimized CNN for both binary and multiclass categories. Finally, a critical comparison has been performed with other general classifiers like J48, Naive Bayes, NB tree, Random forest, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Convolution Neural Network(CNN). All the experimental results demonstrate that the optimized CNN-IDS model records the best recognition rate with minimum model construction time.
Low-order Spherical Harmonic HRTF Restoration using a Neural Network Approach
Authors: Tsui Benjamin , Smith William A. P. , Kearney Gavin
Published: July 2020

Spherical harmonic (SH) interpolation is a commonly used method to spatially up-sample sparse Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) datasets to denser HRTF datasets. However, depending on the number of sparse HRTF measurements and SH order, this process can introduce distortions in high frequency representation of the HRTFs. This paper investigates whether it is possible to restore some of the distorted high frequency HRTF components using machine learning algorithms. A combination of Convolutional Auto-Encoder (CAE) and Denoising Auto-Encoder (DAE) models is proposed to restore the high frequency distortion in SH interpolated HRTFs. Results are evaluated using both Perceptual Spectral Difference (PSD) and localisation prediction models, both of which demonstrate significant improvement after the restoration process.
Recalibrated Chronological Framework for Texas Archaeology-Geoarchaeology
Authors: Lawrence Ken
Published: July 2020

Radiocarbon assays from select archaeological-geoarchaeological research projects within Texas river basins were compiled and recalibrated using the same calibration curve (i.e., INTCAL09). Chronometric data from investigations within the Nueces, San Antonio, Colorado, Brazos, and Trinity River basins were uniformly calibrated to construct a consistent chronological framework. Once calibrated, the analogous chronometric data were then used to compare drainage basins, paleoenvironmental data, and cultural chronologies across Texas and the region. These comparisons revealed four periods (Synchronous Events I–IV) in the Holocene that occurred simultaneously within all of the examined drainage basins. Synchronous Event I dating to 8,750–8,250 cal yr BP (~6800–6300 BC), Synchronous Event II dating to 7,000–6,250 cal yr BP (~5050–4300 BC), and Synchronous Event III 5,250–5,000 cal yr BP (~3300–3050 BC) are apparent periods of instability. While Synchronous Event IV occurs at 1,000–750 cal yr BP (~AD 950–1200) represents a period of stability. These events may be attributed to previously identified widespread climatic changes and seemingly coincide with several transitions in the archaeological record.
An Efficient Machine Learning-based Elderly Fall Detection Algorithm
Authors: Hussain Faisal , Umair Muhammad Basit , Ehatisham-ul-Haq Muhammad , Pires Ivan Miguel , Valente Tânia , Garcia Nuno M. , Pombo Nuno
Published: July 2020

Falling is a commonly occurring mishap with elderly people, which may cause serious injuries. Thus, rapid fall detection is very important in order to mitigate the severe effects of fall among the elderly people. Many fall monitoring systems based on the accelerometer have been proposed for the fall detection. However, many of them mistakenly identify the daily life activities as fall or fall as daily life activity. To this aim, an efficient machine learning-based fall detection algorithm has been proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm detects fall with efficient sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy as compared to the state-of-the-art techniques. A publicly available dataset with a very simple and computationally efficient set of features is used to accurately detect the fall incident. The proposed algorithm reports and accuracy of 99.98% with the Support Vector Machine(SVM) classifier.
SARS-CoV-2 disease in Northwestern Himalayan region, India: evolution, forecast and impact of preventive measures
Authors: Haq Shiekh Marifatul , Yaqoob Umer , Hassan Musheerul , Silva Rafaela José da , Calixto Eduardo Soares
Published: July 2020

Aim: The outbreak of the new coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) was initiated in December 2019, and within couple of months it has turned out to be a global health emergency. Given the importance to assess the evolution and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and to forecast the next scenario of the pandemic in the future, mainly in countries with limited health care system, we estimated the reproductive number (R0) of SARS-CoV-2 in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India, and a possible scenario for this pandemic in the region.Subject and Methods: We estimated the reproductive number (R0) of SARS-CoV-2 in its first outbreak stage in the North western region of Himalaya, India, and we also predicted new daily cases for the next 90 days using different R0, testing a plausible end of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak;Results: Our results showed a considerable increase in the number of cases, but with a tendency to asymptote. Anantnag, Bandipora, Baramulla, Shopian, and Srinagar districts showed more than 100 cases and Kulgam and Kathua districts showed strong growth of the number of cases from the beginning of May, without a tendency to normalization. The estimated R0 for J&K region was 1.041; but by decreasing 10, 25 and 50% the R0, we observed a great decrease in the daily number of new cases, specially by decreasing 50%;Conclusion: Here, we indicate positive effects of the preventive measures, as lockdown and social distance, taken in J&K region, showing a stabilization of the growth curves of new cases of SARS-CoV-2, which tends to a strong decrease over time as the R0 decreases.
Psycho-educational interventions focused on maternal or infant sleep for pregnant women to prevent the onset of antenatal and postnatal depression: a systematic review
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Yasuma Naonori , Obikane Erika , Narita Zui , Sekiya Junpei , Inagawa Takuma , Nakajima Aiichiro , Yamada Yuji , Yamazaki Ryuichi , Matsunaga Asami , Saito Tomomi , Imamura Kotaro , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Kawakami Norito , Nishi Daisuke
Published: July 2020

Background

This systematic review aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of maternal and infant sleep intervention during women’s pregnancy for the purpose of preventing perinatal depression.

Method

A systematic search (from inception – January 28 th , 2019) for RCTs using five electronic databases—the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO and Ichushi Web (Japan Medical Abstracts Society)—was conducted. Twelve investigators independently conducted initial screenings based on title and abstract, and then two researchers performed full-text reviews one by one. A meta-analysis would be conducted if at least three studies were found. However, only two articles that met inclusion criteria, and narrative data synthesis was conducted for these two articles. The study protocol has been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019119999).

Result

A total of 13,644 studies were initially searched. After removing duplicates, 10,537 studies were screened, and finally, two studies met the inclusion criteria. In both studies, the intervention was a one-time face-to-face session during pregnancy to deliver the behavioral knowledge and skills for optimizing sleep hygiene for both infant and mother. Effectiveness of the intervention in improving maternal mood was not significant in one study. In the other, there was a significant difference in maternal mood between the intervention and control group. No mood comparison was made between baseline and post-intervention.

Conclusion

This study found limited evidence to support the effectiveness of sleep intervention for all pregnant women, which means “universal intervention”, to protect maternal mental health. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.