bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of cardiovascular risk factors in maternal cardiovascular disease according to offspring birth characteristics in the HUNT study
Authors: Haug Eirin B. , Markovitz Amanda R. , Fraser Abigail , Dalen Håvard , Romundstad Pål R. , Åsvold Bjørn O. , Rich-Edwards Janet W. , Horn Julie
Published: November 2021

A history of preterm or small (SGA) or large (LGA) for gestational age offspring is associated with smoking and unfavorable levels of BMI, blood pressure, glucose and lipids. Whether and to what extent the excess cardiovascular risk observed in women with these pregnancy complications is explained by conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) is not known. We examined the association between a history of SGA, LGA or preterm birth and cardiovascular disease among 23,284 parous women and quantified the contribution of individual CVRFs to the excess cardiovascular risk using an inverse odds weighting approach. The hazard ratios (HR) between SGA and LGA offspring and CVD were 1.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15, 1.48) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.76, 1.03), respectively. Smoking explained 49% and blood pressure may have explained ≈12% of the excess cardiovascular risk in women with SGA offspring. Women with preterm birth had a 24% increased risk of CVD (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06, 1.45), but we found no evidence for CVRFs explaining any of this excess cardiovascular risk. While smoking explains a substantial proportion of excess cardiovascular risk in women with SGA offspring and blood pressure may explain a small proportion in these women, we found no evidence that conventional CVRFs explain any of the excess cardiovascular risk in women with preterm birth.
Phonon-assisted electronic states modulation of few-layer PdSe2 at terahertz frequencies
Authors: Li Ziqi , Peng Bo , Lin Miao-Ling , Leng Yu-Chen , Zhang Bin , Pang Chi , Tan Ping-Heng , Monserrat Bartomeu , Chen Feng
Published: November 2021

Information technology demands high-speed optoelectronic devices, but going beyond the one terahertz (THz) barrier is challenging due to the difficulties associated with generating, detecting, and processing high-frequency signals. Here, we show that femtosecond-laser-driven phonons can be utilized to coherently manipulate the excitonic properties of semiconductors at THz frequencies. The precise control of the pump and subsequent time-delayed broadband probe pulses enables the simultaneous generation and detection processes of both periodic lattice vibrations and their couplings with electronic states. Combining ultralow frequency Raman spectroscopy with first-principles calculations, we identify the unique phonon mode-selective and probe-energy dependent features of electron–phonon interactions in layered PdSe2. Two distinctive types of coherent phonon excitations could couple preferentially to different types of electronic excitations: the intralayer (4.3 THz) mode to carriers and the interlayer (0.35 THz) mode to excitons. This work provides new insights to understand the excited-state phonon interactions of 2D materials and to achieve future applications of optoelectronic devices operating at THz frequencies.
Mass action model of solution activity via speciation by solvation and ion pairing equilibria
Authors: Wilson Aaron D. , Lee Hyeonseok , Stetson Caleb
Published: November 2021

Solutes and their concentrations influence many natural and anthropogenic solution processes. Electrolyte and solution models are used to quantify and predict such behavior. Here we present a mechanistic solution model based on mass action equilibria. Solvation and ion pairing are used to model speciated solute and solvent concentrations such that they correlate to a solution’s vapor pressure (solvent activity) according to Raoult’s law from dilute conditions to saturation. This model introduces a hydration equilibrium constant (Kha) that is used with either an ion dissociation constant (Kid) or a hydration modifier (m) with an experimentally determined ion dissociation constant, as adjustable parameters to fit vapor–liquid equilibrium data. The modeled solvation equilibria are accompanied by molecular dynamics (MD) studies that support a decline in the observed degree of solvation with increased concentration. MD calculations indicate this finding is a combination of a solvent that solvates multiple solutes, and changes in a solute’s solvation sphere, with the dominant factor changing with concentration. This speciation-based solution model is lateral to established electrostatics-based electrolyte theories. With its basis in mass action, the model can directly relate experimental data to the modeled solute and solvent speciated concentrations and structures.
Angle-dependent interferences in electron emission accompanying stimulated Compton scattering from molecules
Authors: Sopena Arturo , Palacios Alicia , Catoire Fabrice , Bachau Henri , Martín Fernando
Published: November 2021

The high brilliance of ultrashort X-ray pulses recently generated in free electron lasers will soon open the way to the investigation of non-linear processes that still remain inaccessible due to the smallness of the corresponding cross sections. One of them is stimulated Compton scattering from molecules. In this work, we investigate stimulated Compton scattering from fixed-in-space H2 molecules in the few-hundred eV photon energy range, where both dipole and non-dipole transitions are important. We show that the interference between dipole and non-dipole transitions leads to pronounced asymmetries in the electron angular distributions. These asymmetries strongly depend on molecular orientation, to the point that they can lead to electron emission in either the forward or the backward directions with respect to the propagation axis, or in both directions, or even in the orthogonal direction. This is in contrast with Compton scattering from free electrons or atomic targets.
Generation of spin currents by a temperature gradient in a two-terminal device
Authors: Barfknecht Rafael E. , Foerster Angela , Zinner Nikolaj T. , Volosniev Artem G.
Published: November 2021

Theoretical and experimental studies of the interaction between spins and temperature are vital for the development of spin caloritronics, as they dictate the design of future devices. In this work, we propose a two-terminal cold-atom simulator to study that interaction. The proposed quantum simulator consists of strongly interacting atoms that occupy two temperature reservoirs connected by a one-dimensional link. First, we argue that the dynamics in the link can be described using an inhomogeneous Heisenberg spin chain whose couplings are defined by the local temperature. Second, we show the existence of a spin current in a system with a temperature difference by studying the dynamics that follows the spin-flip of an atom in the link. A temperature gradient accelerates the impurity in one direction more than in the other, leading to an overall spin current similar to the spin Seebeck effect.
Increased biomass and carbon burial 2 billion years ago triggered mountain building
Authors: Parnell John , Brolly Connor
Published: November 2021

The geological record following the c. 2.3 billion years old Great Oxidation Event includes evidence for anomalously high burial of organic carbon and the emergence of widespread mountain building. Both carbon burial and orogeny occurred globally over the period 2.1 to 1.8 billion years ago. Prolific cyanobacteria were preserved as peak black shale sedimentation and abundant graphite. In numerous orogens, the exceptionally carbonaceous sediments were strongly deformed by thrusting, folding, and shearing. Here an assessment of the timing of Palaeoproterozoic carbon burial and peak deformation/metamorphism in 20 orogens shows that orogeny consistently occurred less than 200 million years after sedimentation, in a time frame comparable to that of orogens through the Phanerozoic. This implies that the high carbon burial played a critical role in reducing frictional strength and lubricating compressive deformation, which allowed crustal thickening to build Palaeoproterozoic mountain belts. Further, this episode left a legacy of weakening and deformation in 2 billion year-old crust which has supported subsequent orogenies up to the building of the Himalayas today. The link between Palaeoproterozoic biomass and long-term deformation of the Earth’s crust demonstrates the integral relationship between biosphere and lithosphere.
Antiviral Strategies for Ebola Virus and Other Filoviruses: Antibodies
Authors: Zeitlin Larry , de La Vega Marc-Antoine , Hiatt Andrew , Kobinger Gary
Published: November 2021

Antibodies play a critical role in the prevention and resolution of infectious diseases. This chapter focuses on the role of antibodies in filovirus infection and disease. Anti-filovirus antibodies are critical in overcoming filovirus infections as well as in the activity of experimental vaccines. Additionally, antibodies, specifically monoclonal antibodies, show great promise as therapeutic medical countermeasures for filovirus infection.
Vaccine Development in the Midst of Ebolavirus Disease Outbreaks
Authors: Wolf Jayanthi , Jannat Risat , Dubey Sheri , Troth Sean , Onorato Matthew T. , Simon Jakub K.
Published: November 2021

The requirements to gain licensure and manufacture a vaccine for human use are multifaceted, costly, and time-consuming. Despite the expenditure and challenges, preventative vaccines are considered one of the most cost-effective and efficient means to contain outbreaks and prevent epidemics. In the face of the 2013–2016 Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreak, which was the largest EVD outbreak to date and the third Public Health Emergency of International Concern in history, numerous partners from the public and private sectors combined efforts and resources to develop an investigational Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) vaccine candidate (rVSVΔG–ZEBOV–GP) as quickly as possible. The rVSVΔG–ZEBOV–GP vaccine was approved as ERVEBO™ by the EMA and FDA in late 2019 after five years of clinical development. This chapter describes the development program of this EBOV vaccine.
Remdesivir: Investigational Antiviral Drug with Activity Against Ebola and Other Emerging and Neglected Viruses
Authors: Porter Danielle , Norquist Becky , Cihlar Tomas
Published: November 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified key viral pathogens that are high priority for research and development because of the potential for a major public health emergency with limited options to contain future outbreaks. Pathogens on the list include filoviruses (Ebola virus [EBOV]; Marburg virus [MARV]), coronaviruses (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [MERS-CoV], severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV]), paramyxoviruses (Nipah virus and Hendra virus), as well as other RNA virus families. Remdesivir (formerly GS-5734) is a single diastereomer monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenine nucleoside analog that has potent, broad spectrum activity against filoviruses, coronaviruses, and paramyxoviruses. In vivo, remdesivir increased survival and/or attenuated disease burden and viral load in animals infected with EBOV, MARV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, or Nipah virus even when the treatment initiation was delayed by several days post-infection. In nonhuman primate studies, remdesivir distributed into the genital tract, eyes, and to some extent the brain following intravenous administration, suggesting potential for antiviral effects in viral sanctuary sites. An ongoing clinical trial is investigating whether remdesivir can clear viral RNA from male survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD) whose semen continued to be positive for EBOV. Remdesivir is currently undergoing investigation in a randomized controlled trial for the treatment of acute EVD in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The drug product is also available for compassionate use treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of the relevant viral infections. Importantly, the remdesivir drug product is available in a stable lyophilized formulation with a long shelf-life without reliance on cold chain infrastructure.
Glycomimetics as Promising Inhibitors of Ebola Virus, Flavivirus and HIV Infections
Authors: Fieschi Franck , Bernardi Anna , Rojo Javier
Published: November 2021

Many pathogens, including emerging ones such as Ebola, Zika, Dengue, SARS-CoV-2, etc. contain relevant envelope glycoproteins. The viruses use these glycoproteins to infect cells that express at their surface specific C-type lectins capable of recognizing the envelope glycans. The carbohydrate–lectin interaction is nowadays considered as a promising target to develop new therapeutic strategies against this type of viral infections. To address this goal, different glycomimetic ligands, as well as multivalent systems, have been developed, mimicking the sugars and their multivalent presentation at the pathogen surface. These systems are designed to interfere efficiently with C-type lectin recognition, inhibiting the entrance of the virus into the target cells. In this chapter, we have prepared a brief overview of the state of the art, including the most relevant multivalent glycomimetics developed for this aim, classified taking into consideration the kind of multivalent scaffold used.
Repurposing Approved Drugs to Block Highly Pathogenic Emerging Viruses
Authors: Mercorelli B. , Loregian A.
Published: November 2021

Except for influenza viruses, all other highly pathogenic viruses threatening worldwide public health lack a specific antiviral treatment. Besides traditional drug discovery approaches, repurposing of existing drugs can represent a convenient strategy to identify novel drugs and targets for antiviral therapeutic intervention. In this chapter, we describe the strategies that can be pursued to identify licensed drugs with repurposing potential as antivirals. Moreover, the most promising candidate drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by highly pathogenic emerging viruses are described, giving particular emphasis to drugs with broad-spectrum activity against unrelated viral pathogens, and drugs that are currently under clinical investigation in human trials for their repurposing as antiviral agents. Finally, we analyze what we have learned so far and the limitations of this popular approach of drug discovery as well as discuss how these could be overcome in the future to prompt the licensing of repurposed drugs as antivirals.
Yb(OTf)3 catalyzed [1,3]-rearrangement of 3-alkenyl oxindoles
Authors: Wu Chaofei , Wan Junlin , Song Chao , He Lingchen , Liu Hongxin , Li Xinhua , Li Juan , Hu Xin-Gen , Xiao Hong-Ping , Jiang Jun
Published: November 2021

An efficient Yb(OTf)3 catalyzed [1,3]-rearrangement of 3-alkenyl oxindoles was developed, affording diverse 3-ylideneoxindoles in good yield and Z/E selectivity. Besides, a one pot, sequential catalytic version was also achieved under mild condition.
Simultaneous quantitative analysis of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus based on antibiotic-introduced lateral flow immunoassay
Authors: Huang Qiong
Published: November 2021

Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were detected rapidly at low cost without reducing sensitivity.
Stress relaxation amplitude of hydrogels determines migration, proliferation, and morphology of cells in 3-D culture
Authors: Hazur Jonas , Endrizzi Nadine , Schubert Dirk W. , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Fabry Ben
Published: November 2021

Fibroblasts spread, migrate and proliferate better in hydrogels with larger stress relaxation amplitude.
Bismuth telluride functionalized bismuth oxychloride used for enhancing antibacterial activity and wound healing efficacy with sunlight irradiation
Authors: Chen Rui , Wei Liqi , Yan Yan , Chen Guoli , Yang Xiaodong , Liu Yang , Zhang Mengyuan , Liu Xin , Cheng Yan , Sun Jun , Wang Lili
Published: November 2021

Bismuth telluride was used to narrow the bandgap of bismuth oxychloride nanosheets to effectively produce reactive oxygen species, exhibit excellent bacterial inactivation and promote wound healing abilities.
New approaches to ondansetron and alosetron inspire a versatile, flow photochemical method for indole synthesis
Authors: Sun Wei , Raimbach William A. T. , Elliott Luke D. , Booker-Milburn Kevin I. , Harrowven David C.
Published: November 2021

An oxidative photocyclisation to indoles is described, that mirrors the Fischer indole synthesis but uses anilines in place of arylhydrazines.
Supramolecular helical self-assembly of small peptides
Authors: Giri Rajat Subhra , Mandal Bhubaneswar
Published: November 2021

In this highlight, we describe the construction of supramolecular single/double/triple-helical assemblies from small di/tri/tetrapeptides and their applications.
Impact of flexible succinate connectors on the formation of tetrasulfonylcalix[4]arene based nano-sized polynuclear cages: structural diversity and induced chirality study
Authors: Kniazeva Mariia V. , Ovsyannikov Alexander S. , Samigullina Aida I. , Islamov Daut R. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Lazarenko Vladimir A. , Solovieva Svetlana E. , Antipin Igor S. , Ferlay Sylvie
Published: November 2021

The formation of three types of supramolecular coordination cages is described. Tetrasulfonylcalixarene, combined with metallic salts (Ni, Co and Zn) and the flexible succinate ligand, led to cages. H bonded induced chirality was observed for both isomorphous cages.
Infrared spectra of carbocations and CH4+ in helium
Authors: Davies Julia A. , Yang Shengfu , Ellis Andrew M.
Published: November 2021

Infrared (IR) spectra of rigid and fluxional carbocations have been measured at low temperatures (≤10 K) following electron ionization of superfluid helium nanodroplets doped with methane, and an IR spectrum for CH4+ is presented for the first time.
Effect of lithium salt on fluorescence quenching in glycerol: a comparison with ionic liquid/deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Kumar Manish , Anjali  , Dhingra Divya , Yadav Ankit , Pandey Siddharth
Published: November 2021

Fluorescence quenching of pyrene by nitromethane within Li-salt-added 1 wt% water in glycerol is in stark contrast with that within Li-salt-added DES ChCl:Urea/IL [C2C1im][Tf2N].
The glass-like structure of iron–nickel nanochains produced by the magnetic-field-induced reduction reaction with sodium borohydride
Authors: Krajewski Marcin , Liou Sz-Chian , Jurkiewicz Karolina , Brzózka Katarzyna , Chiou Wen-An , Kubacki Jerzy , Burian Andrzej
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies of the morphological and structural properties of complex glass-like Fe–Ni nanochains produced by the novel template-free magnetic-field-induced (MFI) synthesis with sodium borohydride as the reducing agent.
Spectroscopy and photoisomerization of protonated Schiff-base retinal derivatives in vacuo
Authors: Rasmussen Anne P. , Gruber Elisabeth , Teiwes Ricky , Sheves Mordechai , Andersen Lars H.
Published: November 2021

Chemical modifications to the protonated Schiff-base retinal alter the photoabsorption as well as the excited-state dynamics significantly as revealed by gas-phase measurements.
Computational elucidations on the role of vibrations in energy transfer processes of photosynthetic complexes
Authors: Cho Kwang Hyun , Rhee Young Min
Published: November 2021

This perspective provides accounts on recent studies regarding the role of vibrations toward energy transfers in photosynthetic complexes. The latest developments in simulation techniques are also reviewed with an outlook to future directions.
How many methanol molecules effectively solvate an excess proton in the gas phase? Infrared spectroscopy of H+(methanol)n–benzene clusters
Authors: Kato Takeru , Fujii Asuka
Published: November 2021

The extent of the influence of an excess proton to the surrounding hydrogen bonds is estimated using IR spectroscopy of gas phase clusters.
Electronic structures of Zn1−xGaxO1−xNx and band offsets of the ZnO/Zn1−xGaxO1−xNx heterojunction across the entire concentration range from first principles
Authors: Li Tianjiao , Liu Xiaojie , Wang Yin , Cao Ronggen , Yin Haitao
Published: November 2021

Electronic structures of Zn1−xGaxO1−xNx and band offsets of ZnO/Zn1−xGaxO1−xNx heterojunction across the entire concentration range were predicted by the modified Becke–Johnson semi-local exchange combined with the coherent potential approximation.
Homogeneous or heterogeneous electrocatalysis: reinvestigation of a cobalt coordination compound for water oxidation
Authors: Valizadeh Amirreza , Bikas Rahman , Nandy Subhajit , Lis Tadeusz , Chae Keun Hwa , Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi
Published: November 2021

The oxygen-evolution reaction in the presence of a cobalt coordination compound is reinvestigated.
Reductively disilylated N-heterocycles as versatile organosilicon reagents
Authors: Sahoo Padmini , Majumdar Moumita
Published: November 2021

The reductively disilylated N-heterocyclic systems diligently give up electrons thereby demonstrating as versatile reagents in the salt-free reduction of transition metals, main-group halides, in organic transformations and in materials syntheses.
Luminescent 2-phenylbenzothiazole cyclometalated PtII and IrIII complexes with chelating P^O ligands
Authors: Gómez de Segura David , Lara Rebeca , Martínez-Junquera Mónica , Lalinde Elena , Moreno M. Teresa
Published: November 2021

Cyclometalated (pbt)-based PtII and IrIII complexes with a diphenylphosphino donor functionalized deprotonated acid display phosphorescence of monomers with remarkably higher quantum yields for PtII than for IrIII derivatives.
A monomeric (trimethylsilyl)methyl lithium complex: synthesis, structure, decomposition and preliminary reactivity studies
Authors: Davison Nathan , Waddell Paul G. , Dixon Casey , Wills Corinne , Penfold Thomas J. , Lu Erli
Published: November 2021

In this work, a rare monomeric organolithium complex was reported, stabilised by a neutral tetradentate amine ligand. Its structure and decomposition/reactivity were studied.
Neuroprotective and anxiolytic potential of green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) polyphenolic extract
Authors: López Víctor , Cásedas Guillermo , Petersen-Ross Kelly , Powrie Yigael , Smith Carine
Published: November 2021

Unfermented rooibos has neuroprotective function. Mechanisms of action elucidated in neuronal cells and zebrafish include limitation of intracellular ROS accumulation, mild inhibition of MAO-A activity and potential upregulation of GABA signaling.
Combining acid-based deep eutectic solvents and microwave irradiation for improved chestnut shell waste valorization
Authors: González-Rivera José , Mero Angelica , Husanu Elena , Mezzetta Andrea , Ferrari Carlo , D'Andrea Felicia , Bramanti Emilia , Pomelli Christian S. , Guazzelli Lorenzo
Published: November 2021

Key features of the deep eutectic solvent-microwave assisted simultaneous extraction of polyphenols and delignification pretreatment of chestnut shell waste are presented.
Strontium isotopic analysis of environmental microsamples by inductively coupled plasma – tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bertinetti Stefano , Bolea-Fernandez Eduardo , Malandrino Mery , Moroni Beatrice , Cappelletti David , Grotti Marco , Vanhaecke Frank
Published: November 2021

A method for direct (without chromatographic Rb/Sr separation) Sr isotopic analysis using tandem ICP-MS has been optimized for small-size environmental samples and applied to Antarctic PM10 and soil samples from South America and Australia as proof-of-concept.
Hybrid machine-learning-assisted quantification of the compound internal and external uncertainties of graphene: towards inclusive analysis and design
Authors: Gupta K. K. , Mukhopadhyay T. , Roy L. , Dey S.
Published: November 2021

With the aim of developing an inclusive paradigm, we have systematically quantified the uncertainties associated with internal and external parameters individually, and their compound effect on the mechanical properties of graphene.
Highly thermoconductive yet ultraflexible polymer composites with superior mechanical properties and autonomous self-healing functionalityviaa binary filler strategy
Authors: Wang Dong , Liu Dingyao , Xu JianHua , Fu JiaJun , Wu Kai
Published: November 2021

Embedding BNNSs–LM binary fillers into an intrinsic self-healing poly(urea–urethane) elastomer enables the resultant thermally conductive composite to achieve a thermal–mechanical–self-healing balance.
1st generation dendrimeric antioxidants containing Meldrum's acid moieties as surface groups
Authors: Mieriņa Inese , Peipiņa Elīna , Aišpure Klaudija , Jure Māra
Published: November 2021

The first small branched architectures decorated with 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione moieties containing dendrons are synthesized and their antiradical properties are demonstrated.
Enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-dihydrofurans using a bifunctional quinine/squaramide organocatalyst
Authors: Susam Zeynep Dilşad , Bozdemir Merve , Gündoğdu Gülsüm , Tanyeli Cihangir
Published: November 2021

Enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-dihydrofurans is carried out via domino type Michael/SN2 reactions using α-bromonitroalkenes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds catalyzed by a quinine/squaramide organocatalyst.
Nicked Invader probes: multistranded and sequence-unrestricted recognition of double-stranded DNA
Authors: Adhikari Shiva P. , Karmakar Saswata , Hrdlicka Patrick J.
Published: November 2021

Nicked Invaders, featuring three labile double-stranded segments, allow for recognition of long dsDNA targets (∼25 bps) under non-denaturing conditions, including chromosomal targets found to be refractory to recognition by conventional Invader probes.
Highly selective ethenolysis with acyclic-aminooxycarbene ruthenium catalysts
Authors: Byun Seunghwan , Park Da-Ae , Kim Seyong , Kim Sunghyun , Ryu Ji Yeon , Lee Junseong , Hong Sukwon
Published: November 2021

Acyclic carbene–ruthenium catalysts were developed for the ethenolysis. Remarkable catalytic efficiency (turnover numbers of 100 000) and excellent α-olefin selectivity (up to 98%) were exhibited.
Two molybdenyl carbonates with different dimensional structures exhibiting huge differences in band gaps
Authors: Guo Yunqiao , Deng Yalan , Zheng Ting , Huang Ling , Gao Daojiang , Bi Jian , Zou Guohong
Published: November 2021

Two molybdenyl carbonates with different dimensional structures exhibit huge differences in band gaps, 0D Cs3MoO4(HCO3) exhibiting a much larger band gap than 1D Cs2MoO3(CO3).
g-C3N4/ZnCdS heterojunction for efficient visible light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Bai Tianyu , Shi Xiaofan , Liu Ming , Huang Hui , Zhang Jijie , Bu Xian-He
Published: November 2021

The zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is used as a precursor to prepare ZnCdS/C3N4 heterojunctions to achieve visible light-driven water splitting hydrogen production effectively.
Recent advances of N-heterocyclic carbenes in the applications of constructing carbo- and heterocyclic frameworks with potential biological activity
Authors: Li Mei-Mei , Chen Xiaozhen , Deng Yun , Lu Jun
Published: November 2021

A general picture of utilization of NHCs in constructing several kinds of bioactive cyclic skeletons.
Facile construction of a polypyrrole–cobalt sulfide counter electrode for low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Liu Qin , Cheng Cunxi
Published: November 2021

A facile two-step strategy to construct a polypyrrole–cobalt sulfide counter electrode for low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells.
Influence of water-soluble pillararene hosts on Kemp elimination
Authors: Liu Qian , Tian Xueqi , Shen Yuhong , Huang Xingyi , Wang Kaiya , Hu Xiao-Yu
Published: November 2021

Water-soluble pillar[5]arenes with different rim charges have been successfully used to catalyze Kemp elimination reaction of 1,2-phenylisoxazole derivatives.
In situ nanoarchitecturing of conjugated polyamide network-derived carbon cathodes toward high energy-power Zn-ion capacitors
Authors: Zheng Xunwen , Miao Ling , Song Ziyang , Du Wenyan , Zhu Dazhang , Lv Yaokang , Li Liangchun , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian
Published: November 2021

The solvent-guided shaping of conjugated polymides activates O/N Zn-storage sites on the robust carbon architecture, which facilitates reversible Zn electrosorption and durable charge tansfer toward high energy-power Zn-ion capacitors.
Mechanistic understanding and design of non-noble metal-based single-atom catalysts supported on two-dimensional materials for CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Huang Ya , Rehman Faisal , Tamtaji Mohsen , Li Xuning , Huang Yanqiang , Zhang Tao , Luo Zhengtang
Published: November 2021

This review delivers an overview of non-noble metal-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) for CO2RR and provides insights into mechanistic understanding from different aspects.
AlCl3-graphite intercalation compounds as negative electrode materials for lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Haniu Yamato , Nara Hiroki , Ahn Seongki , Momma Toshiyuki , Sugimoto Wataru , Osaka Tetsuya
Published: November 2021

AlCl3-graphite intercalation compounds (AlCl3-GICs) with a wide interlayer spacing benefit faster Li+ diffusion. The low molecular weight and conversion reaction of the AlCl3 pillar further enhance the specific capacity per mass.
Chondrocyte secretome enriched microparticles encapsulated with the chondrocyte membrane to facilitate the chondrogenesis of BMSCs and reduce hypertrophy
Authors: Tang Zizhao , Lu Yan , Zhang Shixin , Wang Jing , Wang Qiguang , Xiao Yumei , Zhang Xingdong
Published: November 2021

The “artificial chondrocytes” that consist of chondrocyte secretome enriched PLGA microparticles with the encapsulation of chondrocytes’ membrane fragments had facilitated chondrogenesis and reduced hypertrophy of BMSCs in vitro and in vivo.
Low efficiency roll-off blue TADF OLEDs employing a novel acridine–pyrimidine based high triplet energy host
Authors: Rodella Francesco , Saxena Rishabh , Bagnich Sergey , Banevičius Dovydas , Kreiza Gediminas , Athanasopoulos Stavros , Juršėnas Saulius , Kazlauskas Karolis , Köhler Anna , Strohriegl Peter
Published: November 2021

A novel pyrimidine-based host material with a triplet energy of 3.07 eV was synthesized. Sky blue and blue OLEDs were fabricated, obtaining high external quantum efficiency and extremely low efficiency roll-off.
In situ encapsulation of metal sulfide into hierarchical nanostructured electrospun nanofibers as self-supported electrodes for flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Yao Mengyao , Guo Chaofei , Zhang Yifan , Zhao Xin , Wang Yong
Published: November 2021

“Tube-on-fiber” carbon-encapsulated metal sulfide (Co–S@CNF–CNT) is designed and exhibits good flexibility and outstanding electrochemical performance for flexible supercapacitors.
Highly efficient blue electroluminescence based on TADF emitters with spiroacridine donors: methyl group effect on photophysical properties
Authors: Xia Han , Tang Yukun , Zhang Youming , Ni Fan , Qiu Yuntao , Huang Chih-Wei , Wu Chung-Chih , Yang Chuluo
Published: November 2021

An unusual methyl group effect for designing TADF emitters was revealed, and the resulting blue OLEDs achieved a maximum EQE of nearly 20%.
Te4+-doped zero-dimensional Cs2ZnCl4 single crystals for broadband yellow light emission
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Peng Chengdong , Zhang Lijie , Guo Daying , Pan Yuexiao
Published: November 2021

Bright broadband yellow light emission peaking at 570 nm has been successfully obtained via incorporating Te4+ ions into Cs2ZnCl4 single crystals, and this is attributed to self-trapped exciton (STE) emission from the distorted tetrahedral units.
Robust fuzzy model predictive control for voltage regulation in islanded microgrids
Authors: Mottaghizadeh Masood , Aminifar Farrokh , Amraee Turaj , Sanaye‐Pasand Majid
Published: November 2021

An effective robust fuzzy model predictive control (RFMPC) method for secondary voltage control in islanded microgrids (μGs) is presented here. In contrast to the existing techniques, which require a detailed model of μG and an ideal communication network between μG central controller and primary local controllers, RFMPC is synthesized for a non‐linear model of the μG with various time delays, uncertainties, and bounded disturbances. The famous Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy approach is adopted to approximate the inherently non‐linear model of μG by locally linear dynamics. The Lyapunov–Razumikhin functional method is exploited to deal with time delays. In this regard, sufficient conditions are provided in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Then, a sequence of control laws corresponding to a set of terminal constraints is computed offline. Doing so, the online stage is reduced to solving a convex problem with LMI constraints considering the sequence of constraint sets obtained in the offline stage, thereby reducing the computational burden significantly. Robust positive invariance and input‐to‐state stability property concerning communication network deficiency are then speculated. The effectiveness of the proposed RFMPC is verified via a comprehensive suite of simulations in the MATLAB/SimPowerSystems environment.
Power flow analysis of integrated energy microgrid considering non‐smooth characteristics
Authors: Ju Yuntao , Liu Wenwu , Wang Jiankai , Li Jiawei , Huang Yan , Chen Xi , Dong Zhao
Published: November 2021

With the development of electric energy substitution technologies such as electric auxiliary heating, the relationship between electric energy and thermal energy is getting closer, and it is of great significance to in‐depth study of integrated energy micro‐grids containing electricity and heat. However, the integrated energy microgrid power flow (PF) model has non‐smooth characteristics such as distributed generations (DGs) limits, converter stations limits and the unknown direction of pipeline mass flow, which can easily lead to the failure of PF convergence. This paper establishes an integrated energy microgrid model including three‐phase unbalanced AC/DC hybrid microgrid and heating system. Firstly, the correctness of the converter station model is verified by electromagnetic transient simulation, and then the non‐smooth constraint models considering DG and converter station's reactive power limits and pipeline mass flow direction unknown are established based on complementary constraints, and the non‐smooth constraints are smoothed by Fischer‐Burmeister (FB) function. Finally, the integrated energy microgrid is used for PF analysis, and the results verify the rationality of the model and the effectiveness of the proposed non‐smooth characteristics treatment method.
Real time detection of driver fatigue based on CNN‐LSTM
Authors: Liu Ming‐Zhou , Xu Xin , Hu Jing , Jiang Qian‐Nan
Published: November 2021

Fatigue driving is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. In order to solve this problem, a new Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short‐Term Memory (CNN‐LSTM) based real‐time driver fatigue detection method is proposed. First of all, using simple linear clustering algorithm (SLIC), the driver's image is divided into super pixels of uniform size, which are used as input of CNN, and CNN is trained to automatically learn the features of eyes and mouth contained in the image, and then the location and area of eyes and mouth are obtained by using the trained CNN. On this basis, the eye feature parameter Perclos, mouth feature parameter MClosed and face orientation feature parameter Phdown are extracted, and the above feature parameters on the continuous time series and steering wheel angle feature parameter SA are taken as the input of LSTM, and the fatigue level is taken as the output to detect the fatigue state of the driver in real time. Experimental data shows that this method can not only overcome the influence of illumination, background, angle and individual differences, but also the accuracy of detection can reach 99.78%, and the average detection time is 16.94 ms/frame.
Exploiting robust unsupervised video person re‐identification
Authors: Zang Xianghao , Li Ge , Gao Wei , Shu Xiujun
Published: November 2021

Unsupervised video person re‐identification (reID) methods usually depend on global‐level features. Many supervised reID methods employed local‐level features and achieved significant performance improvements. However, applying local‐level features to unsupervised methods may introduce an unstable performance. To improve the performance stability for unsupervised video reID, this paper introduces a general scheme fusing part models and unsupervised learning. In this scheme, the global‐level feature is divided into equal local‐level feature. A local‐aware module is employed to explore the potentials of local‐level feature for unsupervised learning. A global‐aware module is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of local‐level features. Features from these two modules are fused to form a robust feature representation for each input image. This feature representation has the advantages of local‐level feature without suffering from its disadvantages. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on three benchmarks, including PRID2011, iLIDS‐VID, and DukeMTMC‐VideoReID, and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance. Extensive ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of proposed scheme, local‐aware module and global‐aware module. The code and generated features are available at https://github.com/deropty/uPMnet.
Single sample per person face recognition algorithm based on the robust prototype dictionary and robust variation dictionary construction
Authors: Xue Shan , Ren Hai‐Peng
Published: November 2021

Single sample per person (SSPP) face recognition uses only a single face image of each subject in the gallery set to recognize the probe sample. Since single sample cannot provide intra‐class variation information, the matching accuracy of the gallery faces with the faces captured in unconstrained video is usually low. Recently, in order to improve the accuracy, the sparse representation‐based classification (SRC) technology has been extended to generic learning method, which uses prototype and variation dictionary (P+V) model for face recognition. Because the inter‐class scatter between atoms in prototype dictionary is not big enough, and the intra‐class scatter in constructed variation dictionary (such as posture and expression) is not rich enough, the robustness of P+V model for SSPP face recognition is poor. To solve this problem, a robust prototype dictionary and robust variation dictionary construction (RPRV) method is proposed. First, a set of atoms is obtained by dictionary learning method using gallery images and generic images. Second, some effective atoms are selected by the proposed function index method. Finally, the robust prototype dictionary (RP) and the robust variation dictionary (RV) are represented linearly using these effective atoms, respectively. The face recognition is performed according to the proposed RP+RV model. Experiment results using public datasets show that the proposed RPRV has strong robustness for the face captured under the unconstrained environment. Comparison results show that the proposed RPRV method outperform state‐of‐the‐art SRC‐based methods for SSPP face recognition.
An image cipher system based on networked chaotic map with parameter q
Authors: Sun Yu‐Jie , Zhang Hao , Li Zhen‐Yu , Wang Xing‐Yuan , Wang Chun‐Peng
Published: November 2021

This paper models a networked coupling chaotic system with a fractional‐like local map based on network topology and fractional theory. The proposed model contains more system parameters and a more relaxed coupling relationship. The entropy analysis also shows that the proposed model is more sensitive to the changes in the coupling parameter. Based on this model, an effective image cipher system is designed using universal scrambling and diffusion based on DNA encoding. The proposed method utilizes the generated pseudo‐random signals from the networked chaotic map. The secret keys can be generated in parallel and the security is also improved due to the rise of complexity of the new chaotic map. Analysis and simulations confirm that the new chaotic map as well as the DNA encoding technology improves the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed encryption algorithm.
2.5D vehicle odometry estimation
Authors: Eising Ciarán , Pereira Leroy‐Francisco , Horgan Jonathan , Selvaraju Anbuchezhiyan , McDonald John , Moran Paul
Published: November 2021

It is well understood that in ADAS applications, a good estimate of the pose of the vehicle is required. This paper proposes a metaphorically named 2.5D odometry, whereby the planar odometry derived from the yaw rate sensor and four wheel speed sensors is augmented by a linear model of suspension. While the core of the planar odometry is a yaw rate model that is already understood in the literature, this is augmented by fitting a quadratic to the incoming signals, enabling interpolation, extrapolation, and a finer integration of the vehicle position. It is shown, by experimental results with a DGPS/IMU reference, that this model provides highly accurate odometry estimates, compared with existing methods. Utilising sensors that return the change in height of vehicle reference points with changing suspension configurations, a planar model of the vehicle suspension is defined, thus augmenting the odometry model. An experimental framework and evaluations criteria is presented by which the goodness of the odometry is evaluated and compared with existing methods. This odometry model has been designed to support low‐speed surround‐view camera systems that are well‐known. Thus, some application results that show a performance boost for viewing and computer vision applications using the proposed odometry are presented.
Charging control strategies for lithium‐ion battery packs: Review and recent developments
Authors: Ghaeminezhad Nourallah , Monfared Mohammad
Published: November 2021

The expanding use of lithium‐ion batteries in electric vehicles and other industries has accelerated the need for new efficient charging strategies to enhance the speed and reliability of the charging process without decaying battery performance indices. Numerous attempts have been conducted to establish optimal charging techniques for commercial lithium‐ion batteries during the last decade. However, a few of them are devoted to the comprehensive analysis and comparison of the charging techniques from the control‐oriented perspective for a battery pack. To fill this gap, a review of the most up‐to‐date charging control methods applied to the lithium‐ion battery packs is conducted in this paper. They are broadly classified as non‐feedback‐based, feedback‐based, and intelligent charging methods. Finally, the paper concludes with a comprehensive discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the reviewed techniques.
Tidal current prediction based on fractal theory and improved least squares support vector machine
Authors: Zhang Anan , Lin Yu , Sun Yangfan , Yuan Haiyun , Wang Min , Liu Guofeng , Hu Yiru
Published: November 2021

An accurate short‐term tidal current prediction is essential to optimize the operation mode of offshore microgrids. According to the correlation characteristics of tidal current speed and direction in time series, a tidal current prediction model is proposed by using fractal theory, dragonfly optimization algorithm and least squares support vector machine (DA‐LSSVM). First, the Rescaled range analysis (R/S analysis) in fractal theory is used to construct the tidal current analytic model with moving Hurst index of time series characteristics and Von‐Mises statistics (V statistic). The model evaluates the stability and autocorrelation of the tidal current and reveals the persistence of tidal current fluctuation. It also shows the orderliness hidden behind the randomness, indicating that the tidal current characteristics can be extended. Second, the least squares support vector machine is used to train the samples in high‐dimensional space, and the dragonfly algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the least squares support vector machine to obtain the best prediction model. Finally, based on the empirical data recorded in the straits in North America, the model was used for the analysis and prediction of tidal current speed and tidal current direction, which verified the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.
Modelling and simulation analysis of MMC‐HVDC system based on transient energy flow
Authors: Yan Jun , Chen Lixu , Xu Jianzhong , Zhao Chengyong , Jia Xiufang
Published: November 2021

In the high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system composed of modular multilevel converters (MMC), considering the distribution of transient energy flow (TEF) contributes to the transient modelling and fault characteristic analysis when dc short‐circuit fault occurs. For single MMC, based on transient energy conservation, the capacitors of half bridge sub‐modular (HBSM) can be equivalent to time‐varying capacitor. And the MMC transient model is established, in which dynamic switching of HBSM and ac import are considered. By solving state equations of the model, the fault and TEF characteristics of MMC are obtained. For MMC‐HVDC grid, a TEF analysis method based on electromagnetic transient simulation results is proposed, which can not only reveal the evolution of dc fault, but also realize quantitative analysis of fault current through recursive calculation. Based on characteristics of TEF, an energy limitation strategy considering the fluctuation range of capacitor voltage in HBSM is proposed, which can delay the blocking time effectively. According to the simulation results in PSCAD, the correctness of the transient model and the energy limitation strategy is verified, meanwhile, the TEF analysis method is applied to the four‐terminal MMC‐HVDC grid to obtain its fault characteristics.
Lightweight frame scrambling mechanisms for end‐to‐end privacy in edge smart surveillance
Authors: Fitwi Alem , Chen Yu , Zhu Sencun
Published: November 2021

As smart surveillance has become popular in today's smart cities, millions of closed circuit television cameras are ubiquitously deployed that collect huge amount of visual information. All these raw visual data are often transported over a public network to distant video analytic centres. This increases the risk of interception and the spill of individuals' information into the wider cyberspace that risks privacy breaches. The edge computing paradigm allows the enforcement of privacy protection mechanisms at the point where the video frames are created. Nonetheless, existing cryptographic schemes are computationally unaffordable at the resource‐constrained network edge. Based on chaotic methods, three lightweight end‐to‐end privacy‐protection mechanisms are proposed: (1) a novel lightweight Sine‐cosine Chaotic Map, which is a robust and efficient solution for enciphering frames at edge cameras; (2) Dynamic Chaotic Image Enciphering scheme that can run in real time at the edge; (3) a lightweight Regions of Interest Masking scheme that ensures the privacy of sensitive attributes like face on video frames. Design rationales are discussed and extensive experimental analyses substantiate the feasibility and security of the proposed schemes.
A circularly polarized TEM to TE11 mode converter antenna
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Jalil
Published: November 2021

A design and simulation of the mode converter antenna (MCA) with right‐hand circular polarization, at 10 GHz frequency, is presented. The circularly polarized mode converter antenna (CPMCA) consists of two inner conductors and a body. The TEM mode is converted into a circular polarization TE11 mode, using the inner conductors connecting the coaxial waveguide in two vertical and horizontal directions. The sidelobe level is less than −15 dB at the working frequency. The S11 and axial ratios of the CPMCA are about −16.5 and 0.15 dB, respectively. Also, the axial ratio is in the acceptable range.