bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Novel Biomarker of Early Atherosclerosis in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in Wasit Governorate
Authors: Fhadil Sajjad Abbas , Al-Moussawi Nasreen Habib Humaidan
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate some Biomarkers in patients with athreoscelerosis in Wasit Province. Atherosclerosis is a chronic arterial disease and a major cause of vascular death. Fatty streaks in arterial walls gradually develop into atheroma and characteristic plaques. The acute rupture of these atheromatous plaques causes local thrombosis, leading to partial or total occlusion of the affected artery. The clinical consequences of these plaques depend on their site and the degree and speed of vessel occlusion . Its major clinical manifestations include ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. The study took place in the a hemodialysis unit Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Wasit Governorate during the period from November 2023 to April 2024. This study aimed to examine risk factors (age, gender, high blood pressure, smoking, left ventricular hypertrophy, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity) for atherosclerosis in the general population and patients with chronic kidney disease. Also studying the effect of some novel biomarkers (Homocysteine, Fibrinogen, myeloperoxidase, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, pentraxin 3). The study include (90) samples: (60) patients suffering from early atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (dialysis stage) and 30 samples of healthy people (control group), their ages ranged from (40 to 70 years). The samples were divided into two age groups, where the first group had an average age of 40-55 years and the second group was 56-70 years old , the categories were divided equally into males and females Samples were collected based on the incidence of kidney disease first, and then the main risk factors of early atherosclerosis were relied upon, which are (smoking, age, sex, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, left ventricle valve, physical inactivity).  The results of our study regarding diagnostic markers of atherosclerosis showed a significant increase in biomarkers (MPO, PTX3, HCy, FG and LpPLA2)of  infected people at p ≥ 0.5. In patients with atherosclerosis the level of new biomarkers showed a significant increase in serum of infected people compared to healthy people at p<0.5. This is an important indication of the importance of these biomarkers in detecting the disease.
Synergistic Effects of Probiotics and Ciprofloxacin on Gene Expression in Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated from Urine and Sputum Specimens
Authors: AL-Suramerry Lara Mahmoud , Al-Zubaidib Saba Jasim Jawad
Published: October 2024

Background: Antibiotic resistance is associated with efflux pumps and resistance genes, among the significant threats to health systems worldwide. The efflux pumps and resistance genes that distinguish many antibiotics are called Multidrug Resistance (MDR), and probiotics are essential treatments for some bacterial inflammation caused by K. pneumonia. Our research, which takes a unique approach by investigating the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria that cause different clinical infections, has the potential to impact the field of antibiotic resistance studies significantly. By identifying the (AcrA and gyrA) genes using the polymerase chain reaction and exploring the synergistic effect of probiotics and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics on some virulence genes in K. pneumoniae, we aim to contribute to the understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and potential new treatment strategies. Our methods were meticulously designed and executed, underscoring the reliability of our results. From December 2022 to June 2023, we collected 199 samples from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and sputum at Baquba Teaching Hospital and Al-Batoul Maternity Hospital in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. The nucleic acid DNA of the bacterial isolates under study was carefully extracted, and then the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using specialized gene primers (AcrA and gyrA). The RNA of the bacterial isolates was extracted, and then quantitative real-time (q-Rt PCR) was performed to detect gene expression by the AcrA and gyrA genes. Results: The results of antibiotic sensitivity showed that all isolates were 100% resistant to Ampicillin, 87.71% Cefoxitin, 64.91% Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 50.87% Amikacin, 35.08% Levofloxacin, 26.31% Imipenem, and 22.80% Ciprofloxacin. The study results showed that all bacterial isolates (22) obtained the genes (AcrA and gyrA) in percentage 100%. The current study showed an inhibition in the gene expression of the AcrA and gyrA genes; there was an inhibition in gene expression for the two isolates (U4, S2) after treatment with probiotics and a synergistic of probiotics and ciprofloxacin and compared to Control. Conclusion: Most Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates under study were isolated from patients with (UTIs) and sputum with multiple antibiotic resistance (MDR). All bacterial isolates possessed the genes (AcrA and gyrA) in a percentage of (100%), and there was inhibition in the gene expression of the AcrA and gyrA genes after treatment with probiotics and a synergistic of probiotics and ciprofloxacin.
Molecular Identification and Virulence Genes Detection of Cronobacter Spp Isolated from Clinical Cases in Infants Under Two Years in Mosul City, Iraq
Authors: Alumary Muntaha Mohammed Salih , Almola Shakir Ghazi Gergees
Published: October 2024

Cronobacter spp. are facultative-anaerobic non-spore forming Gram-negative bacteria, that are part of the Enterobacteriaceae family. They are opportunistic organisms that occasionally cause severe infections such as meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bloodstream infections in newborns and young children. There is a limited amount of information available about the diversity, pathogenicity, and virulence of Cronobacter species isolated from different sources. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Cronobacter spp from  diﬀerent clinical cases in children under two years in Mosul city and determine  some virulence genes which are indicators for their pathogenicity. One hundred and fifty clinical specimens (diarrhea, blood and cerebrospinal fluid) were collected and cultured on Enterobacter sakazakii agar (HiCrome) and trypton soy agar. Eight Cronobacter spp were isolated and presumptively identified according to their morphological characteristics on selective media and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and direct sequencing of  ropB gene. PCR was used to amplify five potential virulence genes (cpa, hly, sip, zpx, and ompA) in order to determine their presence in our strains. The results revealed that all strains exhibited ompA and zpx, however, only four C. sakazakii strains contained cpa and hly genes. The sip gene was found in only two C. malonaticus strains. Lastly, ropB gene were detected in all Cronobacter spp isolated. Identification of Cronobacter from clinical specimens helps in understanding the sources and risks associated with these pathogens. By determining virulence genes, the study provides insights into how these bacteria cause disease which is crucial for developing targeted interventions and treatments. understanding the presence and characteristics of Cronobacter spp. in clinical cases informs diagnostic and treatment strategies, potentially leading to better patient outcomes.
Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidiosis in Diabetes and Cancer patients
Authors: Ketish Alaa Abdel-Ameer , Marhoon Ikhlas Abbas
Published: October 2024

Cryptosporidium spp., a primary intestinal parasite and obligate intracellular parasite, infects a wide range of vertebrates, including human. The current study aimed to determine the infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. among immunocompromised patients attending the Diabetes and Endocrinology Centre and Oncology Department at Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospitals in Al-Diwaniya Providence, Iraq. The research period extended from the first of October 2023 until the end of February 2024. Eighty-seven stool samples were obtained from immunocompromised patients of various ages and both genders who attended the hospital. Stool samples were examined using the nested PCR technique. The results showed an overall infection rate of 22.98%. Researchers found that the infection rate was 20.83% among diabetic patients and 25.64% among cancer patients. Male patients had a recorded infection rate of 23.07%, whereas females recorded 22.85%. A high infection rate (60%) was observed among patients under the age of 15 and among those coming from rural areas, reaching 34.88%. Additionally, it was found that 42.42% of the infected individuals had contact with animals.
Neonatal Jaundice Risk Factors and Multidirectional Intensive Phototherapy Management at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City
Authors: Laylani Amal Adnan , Hameed Numan Nafie , Al-Azzawy Muhannad Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Background: A common illness in infants, neonatal jaundice is caused by high bilirubin levels in the first few days of life, which results in yellowing of the skin and eyes.  Aim: This study aims to explore neonatal jaundice risk factors and assess the efficacy of multidirectional intensive phototherapy management at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study spanning from April 1st, 2021, to October 1st, 2021, a total of 497 newborns were examined. Jaundiced neonates underwent intensive phototherapy utilizing the Bilisphere 360 system, which featured a chamber with 16 cylindrical, blue TL 20W/52 fluorescent tubes. The newborns were positioned on a gauze hammock suspended at the chamber's center, illuminated on all sides. Results: A study found that neonatal jaundice affects 50.70% of studied neonates, primarily in the 16-21-day age group, with males accounting for 57.95% of the sample. 94.84% of neonates experience jaundice due to ABO blood group incompatibility and 88.10% due to Rh incompatibility. Additionally, 77.78% of term deliveries are associated with jaundice. Infants with jaundice have higher Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSB) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels and a younger mean age compared to non-jaundiced infants. Bilisphere 360 proves significantly more effective in the critical 12 to 48 hours after admission, with a mean total bilirubin of 10.71 ± 1.01 mg/dl compared to 14.65 ± 1.71 mg/dl for Neonatal Exchange Transfusions (P-Value: 0.001). Factors like blood group incompatibility, labor duration, and birth weight influence TSB levels in jaundiced neonates. The Bilisphere 360 method is found to be more effective in managing neonatal jaundice than Neonatal Exchange Transfusions in reducing total bilirubin levels.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Influence on Employee Performance in Hospital
Authors: Rahman Fauzie , Arifin Syamsul , Wibowo Yoga Putra , Riana  , Erlyan Nekai
Published: October 2024

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) holds a fundamental position in influencing the efficacy of employee performance evaluations. Employing a mixed methods research design, specifically a commentary approach, this study encompasses all employees across various units of Hospital X in Banjarbaru City. Through purposive sampling, a non-probability method, 32 respondents were selected as samples. Findings reveal dimension scores: Altruism at 486, Courtesy at 668, Conscientiousness at 569, Sportmanship at 584, and Civic Virtue at 603. The study concludes that employee performance at X Hospital in Banjarbaru City is commendable across dimensions of Courtesy, Civic Virtue, Sportmanship, Conscientiousness, and Altruism.
Modulation of Immune Response by Gold Nanoparticles Oral Administration to Rats
Authors: Farman Mohammed Abbas , Abood Walaa Najm
Published: October 2024

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are a new chemical compound and have recently been used in many pharmacological applications. This study aims to understand enhanced immune response by the oral administration of gold nanoparticles to rats. Gold nanoparticles are administration once oral at different doses to rats, at 14th day collected sample from all administrated rats. The results were shown no effect on the rats’ weight. Gold nanoparticles were caused elevated significant in the antioxidant enzyme CAT and SOD, while decreased in MAD in the administrated groups at dose dependent manner compared with non-administrated control group. Also, GNPs have immune response through modulation in the enhanced immune cell activation by elevated the level of CD8 and CD4 in the administrated groups at dose dependent manner compared with non-administrated control group with the keep the level of TNF-α no differ within all study groups.
Orthodontic Materials and Antimicrobial Nanomaterials
Authors: AL-Asadi Enas Ibrahim , Abdul–Hadi Mehdi
Published: October 2024

In a time when technology is present in every aspect of our lives, it is crucial to incorporate advanced solutions to protect sensitive medical data in Social Medical Systems (SMS). This study explores the need to improve security in public healthcare by using advanced technologies to strengthen the weaknesses in the growing field of Social Medical Systems. This study specifically examines the analysis of IoT-23 data using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods, as technology and healthcare converge. The research highlights the increasing significance of technology in healthcare, specifically focusing on the revolutionary emergence of Social Medical Systems. As these interlinked networks reshape the provision of public healthcare services, security challenges such as data breaches, cyber threats, and privacy concerns become crucial barriers that require innovative solutions. The study utilizes a wide range of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to examine IoT-23 data, offering a detailed comprehension of the security environment in Social Medical Systems. The chosen models comprise Support Vector Machines (SVM), Isolation Forest, Random Forest, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Autoencoder. The results and discussions focus on evaluating metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. These metrics provide insights into how effective each model is in identifying vulnerabilities.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among Iraqi People
Authors: Jebur Raheem Sabar , ALkhafaji Dr. Ali Hussein mohammed Ali , Taresh Ooroba Jameel , Jebar Muna Sabbar
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is one of common health problems and it is found in all ethnicities and all age groups, even in countries that have sun exposure all seasons of the year. Materials and Methods: 600 healthy persons aged 3–65 years were participating in this study. All subjects were lived in Baghdad, Iraq. The subjects were divided into four groups according to age and gender. First group adult male 18-65 year contains 200 participate, second group adult female 18-65 year contains 200 participate, third group children male 3-18 year contains 100 participate and fourth group children female 3-18 year contains 100 participate. venous blood samples were used to measured 25-hydroxy (25(OH) D) levels with cobas techniques method. Results: The results showed that  the vitamin D deficiency (serum 25OHD level < 20 ng/ml)  is prevalence in 77% of the adult male and the mean value is 12.4 ng/ ml, and the ratio of deficiency is higher in female and reach to 87% of adult women and the mean value is 7.4 ng/ ml. Whereas the vitamin D deficiency in children is lower than adult and the results showed that the 23% of male children have deficiency with mean value 20.7 ng/ml also the female children have deficiency in 22% of them with mean value 20.4 mg/ml. The results showed there is significant differences between men and women in mean value of the serum 25OHD (12.4 vs 7.4 P> 0.01), while there are non-significant differences between children male and children female (20.7 vs 20.4 P> 0.01).  Also the results showed there are significant difference between children male and adult male (20.7 vs 12.4 P> 0.01) and there are significant differences between children female and adult female (20.4 vs7.4 P>0.01) Conclusion: the deficiency of vitamin D in Baghdad, Iraq is very high in adult male and female and there is a need general education, health policies for investigation and treatment this problem.
Psychological Skills Among Postgraduate Students
Authors: Al-Obaidi Athar Ayad shaker , Al-Badri Nabil Abdel Aziz Abdulkarim
Published: October 2024

The current research aims to identify Psychological skills among postgraduate students, Statistically significant differences in psychological skills according to the variable (gender/males - females).Statistically significant differences in psychological skills according to the variable of specialization/scientific-humanities). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher built a measure of psychological skills. It may be in the final form of (30) items, and each item has four alternatives: It applies to me always - It applies to me sometimes - It applies to me rarely - It applies to me at all. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a scale (skills The psychological questionnaire, in its form, consists of (30) items, and each item has (5) alternatives, which are (always applies to me, often applies to me, sometimes applies to me, rarely applies to me, never applies to me). The researcher extracted the psychometric characteristics of discrimination and validity of its logical, phenomenological, and structural types. As for reliability, it was extracted using the test-retest method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The researcher applied the tool to a randomly selected research sample consisting of (300) male and female postgraduate students, with (150) male and (150) female students from the colleges and departments of Tikrit University. The statistical methods used in the research are (Chi-square test, t-test for one sample, t-test for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach’s alpha equation). The results showed the following: Graduate students have a high level of psychological skills. There are no statistically significant differences on the psychological skills scale according to the variable (gender, specialization). In light of the research results, several recommendations and proposals were crystallized.
Relationship of Polycystic Ovaries with some Hormones
Authors: Rasool Rehab M. , Hussein Ali M.
Published: October 2024

The study aims to determine the relationship of polycystic ovaries with LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone, Estrogen, T4, T3 hormones, fertility, hirsutism and acne. The sample was divided into two groups; the first group includes 200 women with polycystic ovaries and the second group is the control group which includes 25 healthy women.The results showed a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in FSH and T3 in the first group compared with control group and a significant increase((p≤0.05), (P≤0.01) ) in LH, Prolactin, Testosterone, Estrogen, T4 compared with control groups and 40 % of 134 married women did not get pregnant after ( 1-7) years of marriage , 5 % are suffered abortion without giving birth any child and among the 200 infected women with PCOS There were %26 of them suffering from hirsutism and acne and %32 suffering from hirsutism only and %11 acne only. There is relationship between the concentration of LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone, Estrogen, Thyroxin, hirsutism and acne with development of PCOS and its impact on fertility.
Social International Politics
Authors: Nassif Wameed Khaled , Al-Hattash Naji Mohammad Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Constructivism emphasizes the importance of ideas in the “subjective interaction” between the materialisms and ideals of international politics. The value of the former comes from the meanings of the latter, which are variable meanings and not fixed. Therefore, what explains the transformation of material things from one meaning to another is the change of ideas, rules, standards and values in the international system, which enters into a relationship of “mutual formation” with its main units, that is, the states, and affects their local structure, leading to a change in their perceptions, thus contributing to the formation of the identities of the states in a way that directs their interests. Its behavior is determined so that this behavior comes as a result of the subjective interaction between the structure of the state and the structure of the international system. Thus, states form the system and the system forms states. Therefore, constructivism, specifically according to its main theorist, “Alexander Wendt,” revolves around the concept of identity, which is essentially “a characteristic rooted in the state’s understanding of itself in a certain image and the recognition of that image by other states.” Hence, identity expresses the existence of two types of ideas, those embraced by the self and those that The other embraces it. Because identity expresses the ideas of the self, it is a “local culture,” and because it expresses the ideas of the other, it is an “external culture.” And because it is based on the other’s recognition of it, it is formed through interaction between the self and the other. Thus, identity is a characteristic rooted in the self that is formed by the interaction of local cultures. With other external ones. Wendt goes on to explain that identities indicate who that state is, so they are convictions, while interests indicate what that state wants, so they are desires. States cannot know what they want before they know who they are, so interests arise as a result of identities. As long as identities are culturally shaped, interests will also be culturally shaped. Because identities are always forming, the possibility of them changing is possible hierarchically or collisionally, which means changing interests and policies to suit the international system without disturbing the identities and interests of states.
Social Justice from The Perspective of Geopolitics
Authors: Adul-Ameer Heba Shaker , Al-Shybani Adnan Kadhum Jabbar
Published: October 2024

Political geography is concerned with studying the state in terms of definition and the people, it was the first pillar and justification, the reason for the existence of the state, whether they are citizens or non-citizens, as well as the second pillar, the territory, which is also important and has a relationship with social justice, the population is distributed over this territory and is supposed to be covered by justice, as well as the third pillar, the authority, because it is concerned with the distribution of development and its abundance, as it gains the legitimacy of its existence through what it achieves in terms of justice in distribution, as well as it is concerned with the idea of the state and the analysis of its internal functions. Social justice is one of the functions that the state must achieve according to an organization and policies that preserve its survival and continuity.
The Art of Prediction in Dean Koontiz’s the Eyes of Darkness
Authors: Mohmmed Abeer Jasim , Khaleel Intisar Rashid
Published: October 2024

Dean Koontz's book The Eyes of Darkness discusses themes like secret government activities, biological warfare, and people fighting against evil. This paper examines how the story predicts future events and deals with uncertainty using Rescher's ideas on forecasting. It looks at how characters handle unexpected situations caused by the Wuhan-400 virus. It draws comparisons to real-life events like the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses close reading to explore important themes and how characters react. It shows how the novel warns about biological weapons' moral issues and societal impacts. This research shows how literature can predict real events and start conversations about scientific progress and crisis management.
The Effect of Euphemism as Teaching Expressions on EFL University Students' Performance in Producing Vocabulary
Authors: Khalil Yaman Muthana , Mohammed Ibtisam Jassim
Published: October 2024

Neglecting vocabulary hampers academic success as students struggle with comprehension, expression, and participation, impacting their university and future achievements. This study aims at Finding out the effect of Euphemism as teaching expressions on students' performance in vocabulary repertoire; Finding out the effect of Euphemism as teaching expressions on students' performance in producing vocabulary.A sample consists of 100 fourth year university students from Tikrit university. A sample has been randomly selected and divided into two equal groups, i.e., experimental and control groups. They have been equalized in age, gender, pretest, parents' academic attainment, and their previous year scores in novel. The two groups have been taught the same instructional material for twelve weeks. An achievement vocabulary posttest has been constructed, validated, its reliability obtained, its items analyzed, and then applied to the two groups of students at the end of the instructional period of the current study. The obtained results are as follows: There is statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in vocabulary repertoire and in favor of the experimental group;there is statistically significant difference between experimental and control groups in production of vocabulary and in favor of the latter.
The effect of Hookah Smoking on Levels of Lipid Profiles and Some Heavy Metal Concentrations
Authors: Al-Amin Saja Rabie , Al-Jubouri Mahmoud Ismail
Published: October 2024

The current study aimed to identify the effect of hookah smoking on the health of smokers of this type of smoking, as this phenomenon has spread widely in the recent period among all segments of society, especially among young men and women. Samples for the current study were collected from people who used this type of smoking from the month of December. 2023 until February 2024, with 95 samples⸲, where some physiological variables were measured, which included (blood pressure, lipid profile and heavy metals ) and it was compared with (30) blood samples collected from healthy people and non-smokers. As a control group. The results of the current study showed clear variations in the numbers, values, and concentrations of these variables studied under the current study. ⸲ Blood pressure among those who smoked this type of smoking increased by (52.63%). In terms of lipid profile, most of them showed an increase in their levels in the serum of these smokers, and also according to the type of flavor and the number of flavors. The highest increase in the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum of these smokers was (209.75) and (250.50), and in the mixed flavor, as for the number of flavors, it was Their highest levels were (241) and (290), respectively, when the number of traces was (more than 7) traces in the serum of hookah smokers. While the level of low-density lipoproteins showed its highest level of (119.95) in the serum of people smoking the mixed flavor in When it reached its highest level, it was (140) and in the serum of people who had a number of ages (more than 7) ⸲ while the level of very low-density lipoproteins showed its highest level, which was (51.70), in the serum of people who smoked the flavor of the mixture, while it reached its highest level. It is (62) and in the serum of people who have a number of ages (more than 7). While concentrations of lead and cadmium showed a bioaccumulation in the blood serum of these people who smoked hookah compared to the control group.provide insights into how effective each model is in identifying vulnerabilities.
The Effect of Sociodemographic Characteristics on The Lifestyle Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Mosul City
Authors: Saado Jalal Barjis , Hussein Tahsein Muhsin
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a condition that causes persistently increased blood glucose levels in the body. It is the second leading cause of years spent disabled globally and is a major cause of death with high mortality rates. Objective: To identify the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on the lifestyle among type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mosul City. Methods and materials: A non-experimental cross-sectional study design was implemented on a total of 400 Type II Diabetic Patients who make periodic visits to Al-Wafaa Specialized Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology by A non-probability sample. A developed interviewing questionnaire was used to collect information related to sociodemographic, and lifestyle was assessed by using HPLP-II, from October 15th, 2023, to June 1st, 2024. The collected data were compiled and analysed using percentages, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, Spearman’s Correlation and Chi Square using SPSS version 26. P values of 0.05 were used as a cut-off point for the significance of the statistical test. Results: Majority of participants were female, reside in urban areas, married, unable to read and write, unemployed and never smoked (52.3%, 78.7%, 79.0%, 29.7%, 57.4%, and 44.2%) respectively. In addition to that, there was a significant correlation between the sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle among the participants. The patients scored highest in the interpersonal relations and scored lowest in the physical activity factors. Finally, most of the patients practiced health-promoting lifestyle pattern moderately (63.5%). Conclusions: The study showed that, there is a significant correlation between lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants.
The Figurative Style in Contemporary Arabic Poetry (Henda Muhammad as a Model)
Authors: Ibrahim Samar Khalil Mahmoud , Jadoua Saad Abdel Latif
Published: October 2024

This study aims to highlight the figurative style in contemporary Arabic poetry by selecting the poetry of Henda Muhammad as a model. The significance of the study lies in analyzing how the poet employs figurative techniques such as simile, metaphor, and synecdoche to create expressive and rich poetic imagery. The study seeks to uncover Henda Muhammad's innovations in using these rhetorical tools to link the texts to the themes addressed in the poems, with the goal of answering the research question: What are the prominent poetic images at the figurative level and their manifestations of similarity, Metaphor, and synecdoche in Henda Muhammad's poems? The study utilized a descriptive methodology that focuses on describing the phenomenon by highlighting rhetorical purposes and examples and analyzing literary texts from a figurative stylistic perspective to determine their meanings. The study yielded several results, most notably that the poet succeeded in adding depth and aesthetics to her poems through her rhetorical strength, which contributed to enriching the poetic texts both linguistically and aesthetically, with manifestations of emotional impact and deep human experience reflecting a range of Emotions including sorrow, hope, longing, alienation, and patriotism.
The impact of Climatic Characteristics on the Infection of Animals (Cows) With Diseases in the Provinces of Basra and Maysan
Authors: Al-Wrshan Ahmed Hussein Abd Ali , Al-Asadi Kadhim A H
Published: October 2024

The research dealt with diseases affecting cows from 2023-2012, as livestock is considered one of the most important economies of the country, coming in third place after oil and agriculture, the research dealt with one of the most important diseases affecting livestock and cows, especially according to the administrative units of Basra and Maysan governorates, the study shows that There is strong evidence that climate change has been and will continue to affect the incidence, distribution and spread of bovine diseases, to explain this research how climate change can affect livestock diseases in the research area, as the factors affected by climate change that can affect bovine diseases include the molecular biology of the pathogen itself, i.e. vectors (if any The interaction of these factors is an important consideration in predicting how cows will be affected by the disease, as risk assessments should focus on looking for combinations of factors that may be directly affected by climate change , or that They may be indirectly affected by changes in human activity, such as land use, any transportation and movement of animals, the intensity of livestock breeding and changing habitat locations
The progressive Role of Dyslipidemia and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Sharad Joumana A. , Mousa Hind Mizhir
Published: October 2024

Type II diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder that raises the risk of dyslipidemia and obesity. Inflammation is the primary factor in the pathogenesis of this disease and coincides with metabolic dyslipidemia. This work aims to predict the role of dyslipidemia and inflammatory markers in development type II DM by evaluating the levels of lipid profile, TNF-R2, systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and related biochemical factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Thirty samples were obtained from diabetic patients and 30 samples from non-diabetic individuals as a control. D10 apparatus (BIO-RAD, USA) used to measure hemoglobin A1c HbA1c, Enzymatic and colorimetric method used to measure biochemical parameter, ELISA technique used to estimate the TNF-R2 levels, and Complete Blood Count determine to calculate SII by the formula (neutrophil *platelet / lymphocyte count) . The results showed significant increase in most of lipid profile levels in patients than control except HDL has the verse results. Also, the results showed that HbA1C was significantly increased in patient compared to healthy group. Furthermore, TNF-R2 and SII appeared higher significant values in patients than control. Furthermore, the results indicated positive correlation between HbA1C and lipid profile (TC, TGs, VLDL and LDL), TNF-R2, SII, and BMI. It can be concluded that dyslipidemia and both TNF-R2 and SII inflammatory parameters have a cardinal role in the development of T2DM and can be served as early diagnostic factors to detect disease progression.
The Role of X-ray in Diagnoses of Probably Risks Before and After Tooth Removed
Authors: Abdulhaleem Sameer Hatem , Kumail Ihsan Abdullah
Published: October 2024

X-rays play an important role in diagnosing the various pathological conditions that the patient suffers from with a defect that has occurred in the teeth for any reason. In our current research the radiographic images referred to different types of cases represented by (the pain generated because of the severe punch in the place of the tooth when it is removed, complication pain in mandibular due to inflammation arising before the removal of the tooth, increased tooth pain due to its breaking into small pieces, and not completely removing it from its place, pain arising from a wound in the place of the removed tooth, and in the gums, pain that occurs because the patient does not follow the necessary preventive instructions, the emerging pain when the tooth next to the tooth to be removed (wrongly) was removed), as the numerous (25, 75, 28, 12, 82, 32) respectively, documented through the periodic time between (march\2020 and march\2021). There were no significant differences between these cases represented by dental and gum problems whose diagnosed, and there risks were detected by using X-rays before and after tooth extraction, and thus it is clear to determine the appropriate treatment to get rid of the seriousness of the condition that was photographed by X-rays.
The ruling on Removing an Agent without his Knowledge and Eliminating an Absentee in Islamic Jurisprudence
Authors: Fadil Abdullah Abass , Obaid Shafaa Diab
Published: October 2024

Removal is an annulment of the contract, and its ruling is not required except after knowledge of it, and if it is withdrawn before knowledge of it, there will be harm in it, because he may act in ways that become invalid, and that the agent acts on the orders of his principal, and the ruling of revocation against the person appointed before his knowledge is not proven, such as rescission. Requiring the testimony to be performed with a specific word, “and I bear witness,” which is what the Hanafis and Malikis said in the words of the Shafi’i masters and a narration from the Hanbali masters. As for the Maliki scholars, according to the more correct of the two opinions, and the Hanbalis, according to the other narration, they do not stipulate this.
Utilizing Digital Mapping Technologies to Analyze the Characteristics of the Population of Ramadi City: Patterns and Trends
Authors: Al-Ani Mohammed Faza Thabet , Mushref Zuhair Jaber
Published: October 2024

This study aims to employ digital mapping technologies to analyze the characteristics of the population of Ramadi city. Demographic data were collected from official sources and analyzed using digital mapping tools to provide a comprehensive overview of population distribution, population density, and growth rates in the city. The population of Ramadi city in 2022 was approximately 25,770, with the Othman bin Affan district being the most populous, with 31,703 residents. Population distribution was represented using dot maps to illustrate the numerical distribution of the population across different neighborhoods. The population density in the city was 55.3 persons per hectare, with Al-Khansaa district having the highest population density at 210.1 persons per hectare. Population density was represented using choropleth maps to highlight differences between neighborhoods. The population growth rate was 3.1% for the city of Ramadi. The western neighborhoods of the city, which experienced the highest growth rates of 8% and 7.5%, were the main destination for internal migration from other neighborhoods, significantly affecting population distribution and density. The study concluded that the use of digital mapping technologies provides effective tools for analyzing and interpreting demographic patterns, contributing to improved urban planning and equitable distribution of services across neighborhoods.
X-ray Diffraction Analysis and Micro Hardness of Ternary Alloy (Ti – 6Al – 4Nb)
Authors: Ibrahim Riad Jamal , Ahmed Rasha Hamid
Published: October 2024

This research aims to prepare the ternary alloy (Ti-6Al-4Nb) Using powder technology and studying X-ray diffraction analysis and micro hardness of this alloy. Titanium, aluminum, and niobium, powders were mixed together to homogenize the elements, and then the pressing process was carried out under pressure (5Ton) and for a period of time(60sec) For the purpose of obtaining a cohesive alloy in the form of discs, then the heat Treatment process (annealing) was conducted at different temperatures. (650,750,850,950,1050)˚C for two hours, the structural properties were studied through X-ray diffraction examination (XRD)And studying the mechanical properties by measuring the micro hardness using the Vickers hardness method before and after annealing, the results of the tests showed (XRD)The phases of the basic materials that make up the alloy, as the crystalline structure of titanium appeared to be of the hexagonal stacked type(HCP)As for aluminum, it appeared in a cubic system with concentric faces(FCC) and niobium in a body-centered cubic system (BCC)A new phase also appeared after the annealing process, which is the phase(AlNbTi2)Has a right rhombic crystal structure(Orthorhombic)The results of the micro hardness test (Vickers) showed that the annealing process has a positive effect on improving the mechanical properties, as the hardness value increases when temperatures increase.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) Enhanced with Silver (Ag) is Used to Improve the Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Khazaali Ali Fahem Ghetran , Alhaidry Wissam Abd AL-Hassan Hweidi
Published: October 2024

Silver-modified zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO) photocatalysts were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their efficiency in degrading phenol under UV irradiation. X-ray fluorescence, surface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-visible reflectance spectroscopy confirmed successful deposition of metallic silver (Ag0) nanoparticles on the ZnO surface. The abundance of silver particles correlated directly with Ag concentration. Surface plasmon resonance bands indicated silver nanoparticle formation. Photocatalytic testing showed increased phenol degradation with Ag/ZnO versus pure ZnO, with 0.88 wt% Ag being optimal. Further experiments found 50 mg/L initial phenol and 0.15 g/L photocatalyst dosage optimized performance. Finally, almost complete elimination of phenol from drinking wastewater occurred after 180 minutes with the enhanced Ag/ZnO photocatalyst under UV irradiation.
Glutaredoxin-1 and Others Antioxidants Enzymes in Two Subtypes (B-cell and T-cell) of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients
Authors: Younes Saqima Harbi , Al-Helaly Luay Abed
Published: October 2024

The 5-year event-free viability for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have enhanced in many study groups due to modern paediatric clinical trials, however T-cell ALL results are still lagging by 5–10% in most studies. The goal of this study was to measure the Glutaredoxin-1(Grx1) as an antioxidant, and also to measure each of the methionine sulfoxide reductaseA(MsrA),myeloperoxidase(MPO), catalase(CAT), xanthine oxidase(XO), glutathione (GSH), albumin (Alb), and complete blood counts (CBC) in two subtypes (B-cell and T-cell) of ALL patients compared with control group between the ages of two and fifteen years. Revealed with the results of this study, Grx1, CAT, MDA levels increased statistically significantly in two subtypes of acute lymphocytic leukemia Patients compared with control group, but MsrA, GSH, Alb, and CBC levels declined considerably in two subtypes for patients compared with control group. Finally MPO have non-significant difference in compared.The study concluded that there was a high increase in the level of Grx1, which participates in rescuing blood components from the process of breakdown in which a decrease was observed n for two subtypes (B-cell and T-cell), in addition to a decrease in MsrA, GSH, which works to repair the damage occurring in the proteins of cell components, including blood components, malignant B cells are particularly sensitive in contrast to the T cell.
Prevalence of ANA and Anti-GBM Antibodies among Patients with Renal Failure in Tikrit City
Authors: Ahmed Saba Talal , Salih Nadia Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) people need regular hemodialysis because they have chronic renal disease, which is a major health issue.  Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of ANA and Anti-GBM antibodies, associated infections, and bacterial isolates in hemodialysis patients, comparing the findings with a healthy control group. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted from December 1, 2023, to May 31, 2024, at Tikrit Teaching Hospital. The study comprised a cohort of 240 patients, aged 15-75 years, who were diagnosed with chronic renal disease and were receiving hemodialysis. Additionally, a control group of 40 healthy persons was included. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology was utilized to collect blood samples for the purpose of detecting ANA and Anti-GBM antibodies. Results: There was a modest preponderance of men in the sex distribution of hemodialysis patients. The age distribution was adequately represented throughout several decades. The investigation revealed notable disparities in the occurrence of ANA and Anti-GBM antibodies between hemodialysis patients and the control group. Out of the patients undergoing hemodialysis, 32.29% were found to have ANA antibodies, and 29.17% were found to have Anti-GBM antibodies. In contrast, none of the individuals in the control group tested positive for either type of antibody. The prevalence of Hepatitis C and B viruses among hemodialysis patients was 8.33% and 5.21% respectively. 52.08% of the patients had diabetes, whereas 57.29% had hypertension. In addition, the bacteria obtained from the mouth exhibited a varied microbial composition, with the most common species being Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus viridans. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the notable occurrence of ANA and Anti-GBM antibodies in hemodialysis patients, which is associated with a heightened susceptibility to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Implementing efficient infection control techniques and enhancing oral hygiene practices are crucial for effectively controlling infections in hemodialysis patients. Additional investigation is required to examine the intricacies of the microbial composition in this particular group and to formulate thorough measures for preventing infections.
Response of Two Cowpea Cultivars to Spraying with Moringa Leaf Extract and Jasmonic Acid in Growth Yield Components
Authors: Alshabbani Karrar A D , Jaafar Hayder S
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Kufa/Najaf, for the spring season of 2023, to determine the growth and yield response of two cowpea varieties to spraying with Moringa leaf extract and jasmonic acid (JA). The experiment included three factors, the first factor was two varieties of cowpea: American Ramshon and Dutch variety, the second factor was foliar spray with Moringa leaf extract at three concentrations of 0.2 and 4 g L-1, and the third factor was foliar spray with three concentrations of JA at 0, 10 and 20 mg L-1. The spraying was applied three times during the growing season, with an interval period of 14 days. The experiment was split-split-plots based on Randomized Complete Blocks Design (R.C.B.D) and three replicates. The results showed that the Dutch variety was significantly superior in the vegitative growth indicators, while the American cowpea Ramshon had the highest response in quantitative and chemical indicators, especially the total plant yield of green pods recording 7.470 tons ha-1 compared to 5.886 tons ha-1 for the Dutch variety. Spraying with Moringa leaf extract at a concentration of 4 g L-1 recorded significantly higher indicators in the shoot dry weight 65.59 g plant-1, number of pods 25.61 pods plant-1, and leaf and pods content of carbohydrates and protein 2.65 and 12.95%. On the other hand, foliar spray with JA at 20 mg L-1 recorded a significant increase in plant length 45.88 cm. Most of the studied indicators in the experiment recorded higher rates in the interaction treatment of the Dutch variety and spraying 4 g L-1 Moringa leaf extract and 10 mg L-1 of JA compared to all individual and interaction treatments.