bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing a Nutrient Medium for the Accumulation of Microbial Mass of Listeria
Authors: Khaptanova N. M. , Lukyanova S. V. , Kuznetsov V. I. , Gefan N. G. , Аndreevskaya N. M. , Konovalova Zh. A. , Ostyak А. S. , Kosilko V. S.
Published: September 2020

Background. To obtain reliable results of laboratory studies on the identification of Listeria, the presence of certified diagnostic agglutinating Listeria sera is required. An important step in the manufacturing process of such medical devices for in vitro diagnostics requires effective nutrient media for the accumulation of listeriosis microbe. Aim of the research. To develop an effective nutrient medium for the accumulation of bacterial mass of Listeria. Materials and methods. The object of the study was an experimental culture medium for Listeria cultivation. As a control, we used nutrient agar for the cultivation of microorganisms (fish meal hydrolysate, FMH-agar) and meat-peptone agar with 1 % glucose (MPA with 1 % glucose). The specific activity of nutrient media during cultivation of the test strain Listeria monocytogenes 766 was evaluated using a complex of microbiological methods. Results. The optimal base of the nutrient medium for Listeria cultivation has been selected: pancreatic hydrolysate of river magpie fish (Rutilus rutilus lacustris) and hydrolysate of meat water production waste. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the nutrient medium has been developed, its physical, chemical and biological properties have been studied. It was found that after 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C, the nutrient medium provided the growth of typical Listeria colonies. The germination rate was 85 %, which is higher compared to the growth of the culture on MPA with 1 % glucose and GRM agar by an average of 21 % (p < 0,05). Conclusion. The experimental culture medium for Listeria cultivation provided growth of colonies of the test strain L. monocytogenes 766 with the preservation of characteristic cultural, morphological and biochemical properties, and, in terms of germination and growth rate, exceeded the control media. The developed nutrient medium provides effective growth of Listeria and can be used as a medium for the accumulation of microbial mass.
Neurophysiological Changes in Patients with Discirculatory Encephalopathy Associated with Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Iureva T. N. , Zaika A. A. , Shprakh V. V. , Zhukova S. I.
Published: September 2020

Background. The most common chronic cerebrovascular pathology is dyscirculatory encephalopathy, in which a decrease in blood supply due to damage to brachiocephalic vessels leads to damage to brain substances and analyzers, including visual, with the possible development of severe damage in the form of ischemic optic neuropathy. Many studies have been devoted to the relationship between atherosclerotic damage to the neck vessels and ischemic damage to the visual organ, but little attention has been paid to the study of the functional activity of the altered visual analyzer in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy, and the results are scattered. Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of changes in neurophysiological parameters of the brain and visual analyzer in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy and patients with a combination of dyscirculatory encephalopathy and ischemic optic neuropathy. Materials and methods. 34 patients with the 2nd stage of dyscirculatory encephalopathy were examined and divided into two groups based on the presence/absence of ischemic optic neuropathy of various prescription periods. All patients underwent ultrasound scanning of neck vessels, visual fields determination, electroretinography, visual evoked potentials, and electroencephalogram. Results. The results revealed changes in a number of indicators in the group of patients with a combination of two diseases: more pronounced atherosclerotic lesion of brachiocephalic vessels, a decrease in the amplitude and the alpharhythm prevalence index, a decrease in oscillatory potentials, a change in latency and amplitudes the visual analyzer according, lengthening of time indicators with a simultaneous decrease in amplitudes and depression of retinal sensitivity. Conclusion. Patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy complicated by ischemic optic neuropathy have a combined lesion of the brain and visual analyzer, which determines the severity of the detected changes and requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of these patients.
Melodic Language and Linguistic Melodies: Text Setting in Igbo
Authors: Carter-Ényì Aaron , Carter-Ényì Quintina
Published: September 2020

There are no other sense-altering aspects of culture that equate with language’s effect on aural perception (hearing). Increased sensitivity to pitch is a cognitive characteristic in the 60% of the world’s ethnolinguistic cultures that speak tone languages (Yip 2002). Lexical tone is a pitch contrast akin to the contour of a melody that distinguishes between words. An example is [íké] (high-high, like a repeated note) and [íkè] (high-low, like a falling interval) which forms a minimal pair between the Ìgbò words for strength and buttocks. Being a tone language speaker also impacts ways of musicking, especially singing. This is the case in sub-Saharan Africa, where “language and music are tied, as if by an umbilical cord” (Agawu 2016:113). A favorite tool for evangelism among 19th- and 20th-century European missionaries in West Africa was to translate European hymn texts into the language of the missionized and teach them to sing the translation to the original hymn tune. An example included in the video is “All hail the power of Jesus’ name” which is often sung to the Coronation hymn tune by Oliver Holden (1792). Unfortunately, early missionaries would translate the texts metrically (to preserve the number of syllables) but had no understanding of the necessary tone.

Because of the link between lyrics and melody in tone languages, composers of vocal music in tone languages have argued that one should not compose vocal music in isolation from text or vice-versa. In 1974, Laz Ekwueme, a doctoral advisee of Allen Forte, published an article on Ìgbò text setting and harmonization. In addition to parallel harmony, Ekwueme recommends staggering text (as in European polyphony or African call-and-response) and using alliterative sounds (vocables and onomatopoeia) in subordinate voices.

Drawing on field recordings gathered in Nigeria from 2011–2020 by the authors, and commentary by Ekwueme and Dr. Christian Onyeji, this SMT-V article studies the phenomenon of “tone-and-tune” in Ìgbò culture.

Compositions by Laz Èkwúèmé, Sam Òjúkwū, Christian Ònyéji, Joshua Úzọ̀ígwē

Commentary by Laz Èkwúèmé, Christian Ònyéjì

Performances by Ogene Uzodinma, Laz Ekwueme Chorale, Agbani-Nguru Ikorodo, Lagos City Chorale, Elizabeth Ime Ònyéjì, University of Lagos Choir, Morehouse College Glee Club

Video scores by Ebruphiyor Omodoro

Field recordings and interviews are provided by the Africana Digital Ethnography Project (ADEPt), with support from the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS), the Fulbright Program, and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH).
Effect of Family Nutrition Therapy on Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Xue Jun , Zhang Yanan , Song Zhaohe , Wang Lei , Bo Baoyin
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the influence of family enteral nutrition support on nutritional status, lung function, activity tolerance and quality of life in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in stable stage and malnutrition. Methods: A prospective observational study of COPD and malnutrition in the geriatric department of our hospital, control group (n=82) and intervention group n=82). The control group was treated with conventional diet, and the intervention group was treated with conventional diet and enteral nutrition suspension. One month later, observe the nutrition indicators,lung function,exercise tolerance and quality of life. Results: (1) BMI and ALB were higher than control group (t = 10.465, 6.189, P < 0.05), TP and Hb had no change, (t = 1.310, 1.302, P > 0.05). (2) FVC, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC, FEV1% were higher than control group (t = 11.999, 19.654, 13.418, 16.924, P < 0.05). (3) the quality of life symptom score, activity score, influence score and total score were lower than control group (t = 15.303, 6.773, 23.600, 14.766, P < 0.05), and 6MWT were higher than control group (t = 111.962, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Oral enteral nutritioncan improve the nutritional status, lung function, activity tolerance and quality of life of elderly patients with COPD in stable stage and malnutrition.It can be a early,safe and effective nutritional support strategy for COPD patients with malnutrition
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK GUANO GRANULE DI SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2 GRESIK
Authors: Jufriyanto Moh. , Pusporini Pregiwati
Published: September 2020

Pemupukan merupakan suatu tindakan dalam perawatan tanaman. Pemupukan memberikan tambahan unsur hara bagi tanah. Pemupukan memberikan pengaruh yang besar pada pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Pemupukan terdiri dari pupuk organik dan an organik. Kedua pemupukan ini harus seimbang agar kandungan unsur hara dapat terjaga dengan baik. Penggunakan pupuk anorganik yaitu pupuk kimia banyak digunakan, namun penggunaan pupuk kimia secara terus-menerus akan mengurangi tingkat kesuburan tanah. Hal ini harus diimbangi dengan pupuk organik. Salah satu pupuk organik yaitu pupuk guano. Pupuk ini merupakan pupuk terbuat dari kotoran hewan yaitu kelelawar. Pupuk ini memiliki kandungan yang sangat baik meliputi nitrogen, fosfor, dan potassium. Pengetahuan akan pupuk ini masih rendah, sehingan diperlukan suatu pengenalan dan praktek tentang pupuk guano. Oleh karena itu dilakukan suatu kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat tentang pembinaan pembuatan pupuk guano. Pembinaan pupuk guano yang dilakukan berbentuk granule (butiran). Sasaran dari pengabdian ini adalah para siswa SMK yang berhubungan dengan pertanian. Para siswa SMK dipilih sebagai generasi muda untuk mengetahui tentang pupuk organik dan mampu memberikan sumbangsih implementasi pada industri pertanian. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan presentasi teori dan praktek pembuatan pupuk guano. Hasil dari kegiatan ini, para siswa mengetahui tentang pupuk organik yaitu pupuk guano dan kandungannya, kandungan unsur hara dalam tanah, keseimbangan dalam menjaga kandungan unsur hara dalam tanah, praktek pembuatan pupuk guano, dan pembuatian bentuk granule dari pupuk guano.
The study of health and quality of operation of the transformer equipment electrical systems
Authors: Denisova A. R. , Spasov D. P. , Galyautdinova A. R. , Ivanova V. R.
Published: September 2020

Detection of defects at an early stage of their occurrence, especially for power transformers that have worked out the standard term, is an acute problem. This article discusses the possibility of using the system of monitoring, control and diagnosis of transformer equipment (SMUID) electrical systems in conjunction with the automated control system of electrical equipment (ASU ETO) and automated information-measuring system of commercial electricity metering (AIIS KUE) with the use of QR-code, as well as using TeamViewer for the operational elimination of accidents and identify abnormal operation of transformer equipment. Transformer monitoring system is designed for monitoring isolation, recording and analysis of partial discharges, monitoring of technical condition ensuring maximum fault-free service life of transformers. In addition, the introduction of automated diagnostics and electrical equipment is a necessary condition for the introduction of SmartGrid technology in industrial electric networks, contributes to the reduction of capital investments in the renewal of the equipment fleet. The methods currently used do not detect dangerous insulation degradation, are not sensitive to its aging, and in some cases mistakenly assess the isolation condition. The work analyses the operability and quality of the systems under consideration, shows the hierarchical structure of SMUID. By applying the proposed idea with the QR-code, it is possible to speed up the process of searching for information about the current technical state of electrical equipment.
Brain Network Connectivity and Association with Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene Polymorphism in Korean Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children
Authors: Park Jeong Ha , Son Young Don , Kim Yeni , Han Doug Hyun
Published: September 2020

Objective We sought to determine if the links between and within the default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAT) exhibited different conditions according to catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphism in relationship to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms.Methods Fifty-seven children with ADHD and 48 healthy controls (HCs) were administered an intelligence test, the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Korean ADHD rating scale, and continuous performance test. Resting-state brain functional MRI scans were obtained, and COMT genotyping was performed to distinguish valine carriers and methionine homozygotes.Results Compared to controls, children with ADHD showed increased ADHD scale scores, increased visual commission errors, and increased functional connectivity (FC) within the DMN and DAT. Compared to all children with ADHD, children with the methionine homozygote and those who were valine carriers showed increased FC within the DMN and DAT and decreased FC between the DMN and DAT. FC within the DMN was also increased in HC valine carriers compared to HC children with the methionine homozygote, and in children with ADHD who were valine carriers compared to HC valine carriers.Conclusion We observed increased brain connectivity within the DMN and DAT and altered brain connectivity within and between the DMN and DAT associated with COMT polymorphism in children with ADHD.
Science Teachers’ Self-efficacy in Instruction and Self-efficacy in Student Engagement across Estonia, Japan, and Turkey
Authors: CEYLAN Eren
Published: September 2020

Self-efficacy of science teachers has attracted many researcher interest since its association with teachers’ quality of instruction, teachers’ job satisfaction, and student’s achievement and motivation. Therefore, it is very crucial to investigate the factors that affect science teacher’s self-efficacy beliefs such as the components of school climate, the indicators of sources of self-efficacy, and teachers’ background characteristics. In this respect, this study was carried out to reveal the effect of a set of variables such as professional collaboration among teachers, teacher-student relation, disciplinary climate, needs for professional development in subject matter and pedagogy, workplace well-being and stress, experience of teachers, and gender of teachers on science teachers’ self-efficacy in instruction and self-efficacy in student engagement in Estonia, Japan, and Turkey. The variables of this study were gathered from the TALIS 2018. Multiple Logistic Regression was run to estimate the science teachers’ odds of having high self-efficacy in instruction and in student engagement across three countries. The results revealed that whereas significant odds ratios were yielded for some of variables related to school climate, sources of self-efficacy and teachers’ backgrounds, the magnitudes of the odds ratios show some variations across the countries.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Jigsaw untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS
Authors: Susilo Agus , Asmara Yeni
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan minimnya model pembelajaran yang diterapkan oleh guru di sekolah menengah pertama. Hasil observasi diketahui bahwa pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru pada mata pelajaran IPS terkesan biasa saja dan membosankan. Oleh karena hal tersebut, maka pembelajaran menjadi kurang menarik siswa. Tentu imbasnya hasil belajar siswa menjadi menurun dan membutuhkan pembaharuan bagi model pembelajaran yang diberikan guru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Jigsaw dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitiannya eksperimen semu. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII. 1 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 26 orang yang dijadikan sampel untuk model pembelajaran Jigsaw. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa bahwa thitung (2,270) > ttabel (1,706). Hal ini berarti Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Selain itu, model pembelajaran Jigsaw dinilai sangat efektif diterapkan dalam pembelajaran IPS di sekolah. Peningkatan yang signifikan memberikan dampak positif bagi pembelajaran. Guru dapat mengkreasikan model pembelajaran Jigsaw dengan media pembelajaran atau model pembelajaran lainnya. Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa model pembelajaran Jigsaw sangat efektif diterapkan di sekolah menengah pertama. Pembelajaran IPS menjadi contoh penerapan model Jigsaw yang paling efektif dan menarik siswa.
Editorial Issue العراق وجائحة كورونا
Authors: علوان ا.م.د.بتول حسين
Published: September 2020

يواجه العالم اليوم ومن ضمنه العراق في ظل جائحة كورونا العديد من التحديات وعلى المستويات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والصحية كافة، ما يتطلب وضع الحلول الناجعة لهذه التحديات.

وتعد الازمات أحد معايير اختبار كفاءة وفاعلية أي نظام سياسي، وقدرته في ادارة التعامل مع الازمة وتجاوز العواقب السلبية لها.

وتعد هذه الجائحة من أكبر الازمات التي يمرَّ بها العراق بسبب الوضع السياسي غير المستقر والاقتصاد المنهك وواقع الخدمات الصحية المتردية، ما انعكس سلباً على الوضع العراقي بوجه عام وعلى إدارة الأزمة بوجه خاص، وأدى الى زيادة مطردة في عدد المصابين بالفايروس الذي تمخض عنه توجيه الانتقادات الى المعالجات التي وضعتها خلية الأزمة.

وهذا يتطلب من الحكومة اعادة النظر في الكثير من سياساتها وبخاصة السياسات الاقتصادية والصحية، فضلاً عن اتخاذ القرارات الحاسمة فيما يتعلق بالجانب الأمني والاجتماعي، ولتحقيق ذلك ينبغي توظيف كل الإمكانيات والجهود لتجاوز الأزمة.
توظيف الموازنة العامة لسنة 2019 في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة في العراق
Authors: الحسني أ.د.زهير
Published: September 2020

الموازنة العامة علم وفن.فهي علم حسابي يقصد به تحقيق التوازن بين حجم الايرادات وحجم النفقات الحكومية خلال سنة حسابية معينة .وهي فن ينشد تحقيق التوازن الاقتصادي بتوزيع عادل للدخل بغية الوصول الى التنمية المستدامة .والتنمية المستدامة هي الاستعمال الامثل لجميع الموارد الطبيعية والبشرية لمواجهة الندرة في الموارد الطبيعية مقابل تنمية الموارد البشرية وذلك بالانفاق على التربية والتعليم والصحة والبيئة والسكن والزراعة والصناعة لتحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية للجيل الحالي والاجيال القادمة.ولما كانت الموازنة في العراق موازنة حسابية اي موازنة ابواب وبنود منذ اول موازنة في 1921 ,فان هذه الموازنة لاتتضمن اي برنامج تنموي يسعى لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة .وبالمقابل بدأت هذه الموازنة بالتضخم منذ موازنة 2004, واصبح العجز المتراكم فيها عجزآ مزمنآ دون ان تحقق الموازنات المتتالية نتائج ملموسة على صعيد النمو الاقتصادي ,بل اضطرت الحكومة الى مواجهة العجز بسداده بالديون الخارجية مما يلقي عبئآ ثقيلآ على خدمة هذه الديون على الجيل الحالي والجيل القادم, ولكي لا تقع الحكومة في حلقة مفرغة بمعالجة الدين بالدين لذا يتعين على الحكومة التحول نحو الموازنة الصفرية بغية اعداد موازنة برامج واداء من خلال تنفيذ خطة التنمية الخماسية للسنوات 2018-2022 وتنفيذآ للبرنامج الحكومي للحكومة للحد من الانفاق الرأسمالي والسعي الى زيادة الموازنة الاستثمارية كي تعادل الموازنة الرأسمالية سعيآ لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة والعدالة الاجتماعية .في اركانها الثلاثة وهي التنمية الاقتصادية والتنمية الاجتماعية وحماية البيئة.(New oxford American Dictionary 2005. )
العدالة الانتقالية دراسة في المفهوم والاليات
Authors: عبد الرضا أ.م.د.اسعد طارش , حسن الباحثة هند مالك
Published: September 2020

إن مفهوم العدالة الانتقالية حديث الظهور إذ إنه ارتبط أساسا بمعالجة قضايا الخرق الخطير والتجاوزات التي تتعرض لها حقوق الانسان خلال الصراعات والاوضاع الناتجة عن العنف واستعمال القوة في المجتمعات التي هي في طور التحول الديمقراطي ،إذ إن العدالة الانتقالية تهدف بالأساس الى استعادة السلم المدني واعادة بناء مؤسسات الدولة فهي تحتاج الى عدالة متعددة الابعاد : قضائية تحقق سيادة القانون ، وتصحيحية ترمم جراح الماضي ، وتوزيعية تتصف في اعادة توزيع الثروات .
اللاجئون في العالم بين تفاقم الأوضاع ومساعي المنظمات الدولية
Authors: بن صويلح د.امال بنت احمد
Published: September 2020

شهدت البشرية على مر العصور على العديد من القضايا المهمة التي واجهت المجتمع الدولي كان محورها حقوق الإنسان عموما والاضطهاد الذي يتعرض له اللاجئ خصوصا وفق أشكال عديدة قد تكون مباشرة أو بطريق غير مباشر يخلف ورائه أزمات اقتصادية واجتماعية وإنسانية تدفع بدول العالم لإعادة النظر في الآليات وجدوى وضع الاتفاقيات والقوانين ودور المنظمات الدولية والإقليمية لحماية شخ اللاجئ .
الذات العربية المسلمة وصورة الاخر المختلف دينياً وثقافياً: دراسة تحليلية نقدية لأسباب واشكال التعصب السياسي والاجتماعي في العراق
Authors: العزاوي د.دهام محمد
Published: September 2020

يرمي هذا البحث الى تحليل الارتداد الفكري والحضاري الذي أصاب المجتمع العراقي والعربي بسبب الاستبداد السياسي والديني والنزاعات الداخلية والذي انعكس في تردي قيم حقوق الانسان وغياب المساواة والعدالة في التعامل مع الاخر المختلف دينيا مماأثر في نفور أبناء الجماعات الدينية عن التفاعل مع مجتمعاتها الوطنية ومن ثم الهجرة الى الخارج الامر الذي ساهم في خسارة مضاعفة ، لجهة فقدان تلك المجتمعات لكفاءات وطنية منتجة وفاعلة ولجهة تشويه صورة الاسلام . وقد شدد البحث على ان اول معالجات هذه الظاهرة المتخلفة هي بترسيخ قيم المواطنة والمساواة وحكم القانون عبر مناهج التربية والتعليم وترشيد الخطاب السياسي والاعلامي والديني والثقافي الذي يستهدف  بناء دولة القانون والمواطنة والعدالة بعيدا عن أي خلفيات اجتماعيةأخرى .
الارادة الدولية في مجلس الامن تجاه الازمة السورية
Authors: محمود د.ضمير عبد الرزاق
Published: September 2020

عرفت الامم منذ وجودها حالة من صراع الارادات نتيجة تقاطع وتشابك المصالح ، والتي سعت عبرها لتحقيق اهدافها وغاياتها، وقد ادى ذلك في احيان كثيرة الدخول في صراعات عسكرية مباشرة وحروب لاحصر لها، كما شهدت الدخول في حروب عالمية فقدت بسببها البشرية ملايين الارواح ، فضلاً عن خسائر جسيمة في الممتلكات وهدراً في الاموال، وعلى الرغم من المتغيرات الكبيرة التي شهدتها الساحة الدولية لاسيما في العقود الاخيرة الا ان صراع الارادات لم يتوقف وإن تغيرت بعض ملامحه واشكاله ، واصبح الآمر اكثر تعقيداً بعد انسحاب هذا الصراع الى المنظمات والهيئات الدولية ومنها مجلس الامن المكلف بموجب ميثاق الامم المتحدة العمل على تحقيق الامن والسلم الدوليين عبر توافق الدول الدائمة وإصدار قرارات فاعلة لحل المشكلات والقضايا المطروحة امامه، إذ برزت بشكل واضح ملامح صراع الارادات بين الدول الاعضاء في مناقشات الازمة السورية مما اعاق من قدرة المجلس في معالجتها وتسبب في استمرارها لسنوات عدة ، وانعكس ذلك على المزيد من الخسائر وتعقيد الموقف بشكل اكبر.
الموازنة العامة والرقابة عليها في التشريعات العراقية
Authors: الفهداوي د.علي حسين احمد
Published: September 2020

الفكرة الاساس التي تقوم عليها اجهزة الرقابة المالية هي اخضاع الدولة للرقابة على اساس انها اموال الشعب والاسا الثاني هو كون هذه الرقابة حق ودور كفله الدستور للاجهزة المختصة في الدولة وبالتالي يجب اطلاق دور الرقيب المالي تحقيقا لهذه الغاية في كل مجالات وانشطة الدولة وصرفاً. وان القوة في هذه الرقابة تعتمد بالاساس على استقلالية هذه الهيئات الرقابية عن عمل توجه اجهزة الدولة الخاضعة لهذه الرقابة وان يكون للرقيب علوية وهيبة وتمارس هذه الرقابة وقائيا قبل اعداد الموازنة لتجنب الاخطاء بعد التنفيذ واثناءه حفاظا على مال الدولة. وتأتي اهمية هذه الرقابة من تلك السمة والتنوع في المرافق والمهام في نشاط الدولة وازدياد تدخلها وضرورة توخي عدم ضياع واردات الدولة الا في الاهداف المخصصة لعل وضرورة ان توجه المصروفات في الابواب المرصدة بها ولاغراض بناء البلد فجاءت الحاجة لوجود جهاز اداري كفؤ يتولى عملية تنفيذ الموازنة العامة التي هي عمل قانوني التزمت به السلطة التنفيذية ممثلة بمجلس الوزراء كمنهاج عمل لها لمدة سنة تقويمية. وتبرز لدينا معضلة كفاءة هذه الاجهزة الرقابية ودورها امام هذه التعددية فيها والادوار الموكلة لكل منها مع تفشي هذا الفساد الاداري والمالي وضياع اموال الدولة وخسارتها دون نتائج ملموسة هذه الرقابة نتيجة تأثيرات وموازنات سياسية من احزاب السلطة وتراجع وتخلف القدرة على تحكيم القانون وانعدام دور الادعاء العام في وزارة العدل بأعتباره المدعي العام عن الشعب في اخذ زمام المبادرة وتكملة الدوري الرقابي في الاحالة للمحاكم الجزائية لادانة من ثبت عليه التهم وان هذه التعددية في الاجهزة الرقابية والتداخل في عملها وعدم قدرتها على ايقاف الفساد يستلزم مراجعة الدور الموكل اليها والتفكير في تعضيد واحياء دور ديوان الرقابة المالية وجعله يؤدي عمله من خلال دعمه بنصوص قانونية واجهزة وكفاءات وخبرات رقابية وقدرة ملموسة على الاحالة وان يكون لدينا مدعي عام متخصص في النزاهة ومحاربة الفساد الاداري والمالي لوقف حالة الفساد انتشارها والعملية بشكل عام تحتاج الى توجهات دستورية حكومية قضائية جديدة لمحاربة حالة الفساد وحاصرته واضعافه وانهاءه ورفع الحصانة بتعديل دستوري عن كل متهم في حالة الفساد مهما كان مركزه القانوني والوظيفي وضرب واحالة رؤس الفساد للقضاء لينالوا جزائهم.
جدل الديمقراطية في الفكرالسياسي الإسلامي المعاصر
Authors: العيسى د.عبد السلام شهيد عجمي
Published: September 2020

جاءت هذه الدراسة التي تحمل عنوان (جدل الديمقراطية في الفكر السياسي الأسلامي المعاصر) للأحاطة بالجدل الواسع الذي اثارته مسالة الديمقراطية بين اوساط المفكرين والباحثيين الاسلاميين المعاصرين وذلك من حيث انها نظام تحمل في طياتها ايديولوجية معينة بحيث لا يمكن ان تجتمع مع الأسلام اطلاقاً؟ ام من حيث انها مجموعة اليات لتنظيم العمل السياسي لا اكثر؟ ام انها ليست عقيدة ولا تتضمن موقفاً عقائدياً او فكرياً محدداً بذاته؟ 
     ان دخول الديمقراطية في الأدبيات السياسية الأسلامية بعدما غزيت البلاد الاسلامية من قبل الأوربيين غزواً ثقافياً وعسكرياً ، سبب ردود فعل كثيرة في اطار الخطاب السياسي الأسلامي المعاصر تجاهها  تأرجح بين رفضها  وبين  القبول بها على نحوٍ مشروط من جانب وعلى نحوٍ مطلق من جانب اخر .  
   وعلى  ذلك  فقد تم تقسيم هذه الدراسة الى مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة , تناولنا في المبحث الأول : الديمقراطية في الخطاب الاسلامي المتشدد ،  والمبحث الثاني عالجنا فيه مسألة الديمقراطية في الخطاب الاسلامي التوفيقي (المعتدل)، اما المبحث الثالث فقد بحث في مسألة الديمقراطية في الخطاب الاسلامي الاستغرابي.
معوقات تحقيق السلم المجتمعي في العراق بعد عام 2018
Authors: جبار م.م.فاطمة عطا
Published: September 2020

يتحقق السلم المجتمعي في الدول التي ترتكز على القانون والمؤسسات الدستورية ذات الاختصاص والصلاحيات وبخلافه يتزعزع ذلك السلم ويبدأ في الانهيار. وتُضبط حركة الافراد والجماعات في الدولة عن طريق القانون وتطبيقه الصحيح من دون انتقائية او استثناء وعندها ينمو الشعور بتكافؤ الفرص واستحصال الحقوق بالتساوي ، فكل مواطن ينظر الى قرينه وما له وما عليه وعند عدم التوازن يتولد الاحساس بالاحباط واستلاب الحقوق ويعاني السلم المجتمعي من هزات عدم الاستقرار وما ينعكس على البيئة المحيطة وبدلاً من الانتاج يحصل الهدم وهو مايشكل معوقاً لتحقيق السلم المطلوب وتقع مسؤولية تحقيقه على السلطات النافذه في الدولة ممثل بالتشريعية والتنفيذية.
Improving the Running Conditions of Diesel Engine with Grape Seed Oil Additives by Response Surface Design
Authors: USLU Samet , YEŞİLYURT Murat Kadir
Published: September 2020

In this study, an optimization study was carried out by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the optimum conditions by im-proving the working conditions in a single cylinder diesel engine using fuel blends created by mixing the biodiesel obtained from grape seed oil (GSO) to diesel in different proportions (5%, 10% and 15% by vol.). Experiments were carried out with three different fuel mixtures with three different injection pressures (200, 225 and 250 bar) at three different engine loads (400, 1000 and 1600-Watt). Since the minimum number of experiments proposed by the RSM application is 20 for optimization according to three different fac-tors and three different levels of each factor, an RSM model was created from the experiment data obtained by performing 20 trials. While the GSO ratio, the injection pressure and engine load was determined as input factors, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke were chosen as responses on the RSM model. Considering the findings taken from the RSM model, the working conditions in which the best output can be obtained from the engine; it has been determined as 13% GSO percentage, 245 bar injection pressure and 850-W engine load. The study to verify the re-sults obtained from the optimization study reveals that the results were ob-tained with an error of less than 9%.
AN ANALYSIS OF A GEOMETRY LEARNING PROCESS: THE CASE OF PROVING AREA FORMULAS
Authors: Jupri Al , Gozali Sumanang Muhtar , Usdiyana Dian
Published: September 2020

Geometry is one of the courses in the curriculum for students of prospective mathematics teachers that can develop deductive thinking ability. The question is, how is the learning and teaching process of the geometry course implemented so as to develop this deductive thinking ability? This research, therefore, aims to investigate the learning and teaching process of a geometry course for prospective mathematics teachers. For reaching these aims, this qualitative study was conducted through observations on the learning process and the written test of a geometry course, for the case of area formulas, involving 56 students of mathematics education program. The results revealed that the learning process is implemented by emphasizing the use of the deductive approach, and from the written test we found various proof strategies in proving an area formula. We conclude that the learning and teaching process of the geometry course has influenced the development of student deductive thinking.
Correcting COVID-19 Misconceptions Requires Caution
Authors: Trevors Greg , Duffy Melissa C.
Published: September 2020

Individuals generally revise their misconceptions when corrected with carefully designed educational materials. However, early reports suggest that correcting COVID-19 misconceptions may be especially challenging, which may be due to conflicts with individuals’ moral values and emotions. This study explores the mechanisms and boundaries of correction effectiveness. Those highest in moral concerns for group cohesion or for individual freedoms were more likely to affectively or cognitively reject corrective information. Corrections of COVID-19 misconceptions should be carefully framed to connect with the morality of recipients and anticipate their emotional and cognitive reactions.
The bittersweet effects of COVID-19 on mental health: Results of an online survey among a sample of the Dutch population
Authors: Gijzen Mandy , Shields-Zeeman Laura , Kleinjan Marloes , Kroon Hans , van der Roest Henriëtte , Bolier Linda , Smit Filip , de Beurs Derek
Published: September 2020

Previous research shows that crises can produce both negative and positive mental health effects. The current study explored these effects in context of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was administered among a representative sample of the Dutch population (n = 1519) in June 2020, when the peak of COVID-19 cases was ten weeks past. Participants were asked about mental health, adverse events during COVID-19, and about any positive effects of the pandemic. Most participants (80%, n = 1207) reported no change in mental health since the COVID-19 pandemic. This was also the case among respondents who had experienced an adverse event. Protective factors of mental health were being male and high levels of positive mental well-being. Risk factors were emotional loneliness and the experience of adverse life events. Unexpected, social loneliness was also positively associated with stable mental health, perhaps suggesting that people are okay with seeing less people, as long as meaningful relationships can be maintained. 58% of participants reported positive effects of the pandemic, the most common of which were rest, working from home, and feeling more socially connected. In summary, most people remained stable during the crisis, and where even able to report positive effects.
Impact of social distancing on the mental health of parents and children in Qatar
Authors: Abdelrahman Mohamed Kamal , Al-Adwan Duaa , Hasan Youssef
Published: September 2020

This study investigated the effects of COVID-19-related social distancing practices on parents and children’s mental health and explored the roles parental activities with children and coping strategies among families in Qatar. The sample of 308 parents completed self-reported questionnaires regarding parents’ mental health, coping strategies, and activities with children, social distancing practices, and both parents’ and children’s mental health. The results showed a significant positive correlation between social distancing and parents’ activities with children and their coping strategies, as well as between parents’ mental health and parents’ activities with children, children’s mental health, and parents’ coping strategies. The path analysis showed that social distancing practices influence both parents’ and children’s mental health through parents’ activities with children and their coping strategies. Our findings revealed how living under stressful conditions such as COVID-19 could enhance the mental health of family members.
Towards a Knowledge-Based Recommendation System for Genomics Visualization
Authors: Pandey Aditeya , L'Yi Sehi , Gehlenborg Nils
Published: September 2020

Analysis and interpretation of genomics data are the backbones of breakthroughs and discoveries in biomedical research. Visualization tools and techniques play a significant role in the workflow of genomics researchers, and they are regularly employed in the interpretation of genomics data. However, the vast majority of genomics researchers have little or no formal training in data visualization design. Therefore, they require guidance on designing effective visualizations for a given set of data and analysis tasks. In this poster, we present the methodology behind a recommender system for genomics data and our preliminary design of a knowledge-based recommendation system. The system allows genomics researchers to navigate through a selection of visualization options and identify the techniques that meet their preferences and requirements.
Symbol Language in Learning Math in School
Authors: Azis
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is to describe the symbol language in learning mathematics in school. To communicate a concept especially in the learning of mathematics required a symbol that is the language of symbols. Symbols are images, shapes, or objects that represent an idea or number of things. Without the meaning attached to it, the symbols on mathematics become meaningless, and dry to meaning. Mathematics itself is a language, meaning that mathematics is not just a tool of thought, a tool to find patterns, but also as a vehicle for communication between students and communication between teachers and students, where the math there are symbols. In communicating the meaning of the symbols many things that need to be considered by the teacher, such as the diversity of characteristics of students in the class, so that the meaning of the symbol can be up to the students.
General Recommendations and Guidelines for Remote Assessment of Toddlers and Children, in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Garrisi Kathryn , King Carolyn J , Mullin Lindsay J. , Gaab Nadine
Published: September 2020

Growing public health concerns and restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have led to considerable restructuring of children’s learning environments and limited access to healthcare services worldwide. The effects of school closures on children’s academic achievement remain undetermined; from the perspective of the literature on seasonal learning loss, there is a potential for significant decline in academic performance during this time. Assessment of academic skill and progress is essential for evaluative and diagnostic purposes, especially while restrictions are preventing children from receiving a traditional in-person education. Additionally, clinical and academic evaluations used to inform various services and treatments should not be delayed until families can safely attend in-person visits. A comprehensive protocol for remote developmental and academic assessment of toddlers and school-age children has been established based on the assessment of 180 children, ages 20 months to 9 years, in the United States between May and December, 2020. Software requirements, equipment, setup, administration protocols, general tips, and other considerations regarding virtual evaluations are described. This practical guide for remote assessment can be applied to a variety of settings in educational and clinical fields and has the potential to be especially helpful in identifying learning challenges or providing diagnoses while COVID-19 restrictions persist.
Microstructure Analysis of Hybrid Laser Powder Bed Fusion and TIG Welding of Ni-based Superalloys
Authors: Fergani Omar , Eissing Katharina , Prado Teresa Perez , Geisen Ole
Published: September 2020

The industrial use of laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) in turbomachinery is gaining momentum renderingthe inspection and quali?cation of certain post-processing steps necessary. This includes fusiontechniques that allow to print multiple parts separately to take advantage of e.g. various print orientationsand join them subsequently. The main motivation of this study is to validate the tungsten inertgas (TIG) welding process of L-PBF manufactured parts using industrial speci?cations relevant for gasturbines to pave the way for the industrial production of modular build setups. For this, two commonlyused nickel-based super alloys for high-temperature applications, Inconel 718 and Inconel 625 are chosen.Since their defect-free printability has been established widely, we focus on the suitability to be joined usingTIG welding. The process is evaluated performing microstructural examination and mechanical testsin as-built as well as heat-treated samples. The welds are assessed by applying a general weld quali?cationapproach used at Siemens Gas and Power. It was found that both materials can be joined via TIGwelding using standard weld parameters causing minimal defects. A solution annealing heat treatmentbefore welding is not necessary for a positive outcome, but still recommended for Inconel 718.
Effects of Electromagnetic Radiations of Communication Gadgets Associated with Genotoxic Effects on Orofacial Structures and Health
Authors: Pattanayak Tavish , Naik Nithesh
Published: September 2020

Purpose - The primary motive of this article is to review the existing state of literature on the effects of electromagnetic radiations of communication gadgets associated with health. The article also highlights the usage of these electronic gadgets, which helps in health monitoring. This paper seeks to dispel some myths and bring forth new facts regarding the effects of mobile phones on health. The paper assumes significance in the background of highest ever penetration of mobile phones into the market. Efforts are being made to utilize mobile phones in a way beneficial to healthcare and advice people against usage that may affect health significantly. Design/Methodology/Approach – The researchers have extensively explored the pros and cons of the electronic communication gadgets. This paper attempts to investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiations primarily related to genotoxic effects on orofacial structures and oral health. Findings – The authors found that mobile phone radiation affects salivary gland and facial nerves. However, majority of the contributions are not deeply penetrated and no adverse effect is highlighted in the studies and requires a long-term research to confirm this. On a positive note, the electronic gadgets like mobile phones are extensively used in healthcare sector for data collection, adherence to medical guidelines and prescriptions and improve mobile connectivity between patients and doctors where limited assistance is needed.Research limitations/implications - The scope of this paper is limited to effects on health of humans due to electromagnetic radiations caused by electronic gadgets in daily use. Practical/implications - The systematic review will assist the medical practitioners to guide and create awareness among the community on utilization of mobile electronic gadgets in a way beneficial to healthcare and advice people against usage that may affect health significantly. Originality/Value - The authors used evidenced-based systematic approach to explore the contributions and findings by researchers in the field of healthcare in relation to usage of electronic gadgets.
Evaluating a Sewershed Urban Storm Water Model for Variability in Parameter Sensitivity and Resolution Effects
Authors: Dong Zhaokai , Bain Daniel , Akcakaya Murat , Ng Carla
Published: September 2020

A high-quality parameter set is essential for reliable stormwater models. Model performance can be improved by optimizing initial parameter estimates. Parameter sensitivity analysis is a robust way to distinguish the influence of parameters on model output and efficiently target the most important parameters to modify. This study evaluates efficient construction of a sewershed model using relatively low-resolution (e.g., 30 meter DEM) data and explores model sensitivity to parameters and regional characteristics using the EPA’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). A SWMM model was developed for a sewershed in the City of Pittsburgh, where stormwater management is a critical concern. We assumed uniform or log-normal distributions for parameters and used Monte Carlo simulations to explore and rank the influence of parameters on predicted surface runoff, peak flow, maximum pipe flow and model performance, as measured using the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency metric. By using the Thiessen polygon approach for sub-catchment delineations, we substantially simplified the parameterization of the areas and hydraulic parameters. Despite this simplification, our approach provided good agreement with monitored pipe flow (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency: 0.41 – 0.85). Total runoff and peak flow were very sensitive to the model discretization. The size of the polygons (modeled subcatchment areas) and imperviousness had the most influence on both outputs. The imperviousness, infiltration and Manning’s roughness (in the pervious area) contributed strongly to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (70%), as did pipe geometric parameters (92%). Parameter rank sets were compared by using kappa statistics between any two model elements to identify generalities. Within our relatively large (9.7 km^2) sewershed, optimizing parameters for the highly impervious (>50%) areas and larger pipes lower in the network contributed most to improving Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. The geometric parameters influence the water quantity distribution and flow conveyance, while imperviousness determines the subcatchment subdivision and influences surface water generation. Application of the Thiessen polygon approach can simplify the construction of large-scale urban storm water models, but the model is sensitive to the sewer network configuration and care must be taken in parameterizing areas (polygons) with heterogenous land uses.
Commonly reported problems and coping strategies during the COVID-19 crisis: A survey of graduate and professional students
Authors: Wasil Akash R , Franzen Rose , Gillespie Sarah , Steinberg Joshua , Malhotra Tanvi , DeRubeis Robert
Published: September 2020

Background: The COVID-19 crisis has introduced a variety of stressors, while simultaneously decreasing the availability of strategies to cope with stress. In this context, it could be useful to understand issues that people find most concerning and ways in which they cope with stress. In this study, we explored these questions with a sample of graduate and professional students.Method: Using open-ended assessments, we asked participants (n=305) to identify their biggest challenge or concern (“top problem”), their most effective way of handling stress (“effective strategy”), and their most common way of handling stress (“common strategy”). We applied thematic analysis and evaluated whether participants’ strategies corresponded with evidence-based practices (EBPs). Results: Participants frequently reported top problems relating to productivity (27% of sample), physical health (26%), and emotional health (14%). Distraction was the most frequently classified common strategy (43%), whereas behavioral activation was the most frequently identified effective strategy (50%). Participants who reported a common strategy classified as an EBP reported lower depressive and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, there was no evidence of an association between symptom levels and whether or not participants’ effective strategy was an EBP. Participants who reported the same strategy as both their common and effective strategy (29%) reported lower depressive symptoms than those whose common and effective strategies were different. Conclusions: Our findings highlight stressors that students are experiencing and ways they are coping during the COVID-19 crisis. We discuss how these findings can inform mental health promotion efforts and future research on coping with stressors.
A Brief Introduction to the Methods of Multiple Activities Change Intervention
Authors: Agarwal Atul
Published: September 2020

This is a chapter of my book, describing the methods of Multiple Activities Change Intervention.
Encouraging COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake through Effective Health Communication
Authors: Motta Matthew , Sylvester Steven , Callaghan Timothy , Trujillo Kristin Lunz
Published: September 2020

Context: Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic will require millions of Americans to vaccinate against the virus. Unfortunately, previous research suggests that many Americans plan to refuse a vaccine; thereby jeopardizing collective immunity. We investigate the effectiveness of three different health communication frames hypothesized to increase vaccine intention; emphasizing either (1) personal health risks, (2) economic costs, or (3) collective public health consequences of not vaccinating.Methods: In a large (N = 7,064) and demographically representative survey experiment, we randomly assigned respondents to read pro-vaccine communication materials featuring one of the frames listed above. We also randomly varied the message source (ordinary people vs. medical experts) and availability of information designed the “pre-bunk” concerns about expedited clinical trial safety.Findings: We find that messages emphasizing the personal health risks and collective health consequences of not vaccinating significantly increase Americans’ intentions to vaccinate. These effects are similar in magnitude irrespective of message source, and the inclusion of pre-bunking information. Surprisingly, economic cost frames have no discernible effect on vaccine intention. Conclusions: Health communicators hoping to encourage vaccination may be effective by appealing to the use personal and collective health risks of not vaccinating.
The Role of Contextualization in Individuals’ Vulnerability to Phishing Attempts
Authors: Hassandoust Farkhondeh , Singh Harminder , Williams Jocelyn
Published: September 2020

Hackers who engage in phishing manipulate their victims into revealing confidential information by exploiting their motives, habits, and cognitive biases. Drawing on heuristic-systematic processing and the anchoring effect, this study examines how the contextualization of phishing messages, in the form of modifications to their framing and content, affects individuals’ susceptibility to phishing. This study also investigates if there is a discrepancy between the way individuals believe they will react to phishing attempts and their actual reactions. Using two fake phishing campaigns and an online survey, we find that individuals are more susceptible to phishing attempts when the phishing messages they receive are specific to their context, thereby appealing to their psychological vulnerabilities. There is also a significant gap between how individuals believe they will react and their actual reactions to phishing attempts.