bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An annotated haplotype-resolved genome sequence assembly of diploid German chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla
Authors: Cho Woohyeon , Feng Jiawu , Knauft Manuela , Albrecht Sebastian , Himmelbach Axel , Otto Lars-Gernot , Mascher Martin
Published: February 2025

Matricaria chamomilla L. (chamomile) is a medicinal plant that is widely used for treating skin infections and respiratory ailments. Chamomile belongs to the Asteraceae family of flowering plants and is a primarily outcrossing species with a heterozygous genome. Despite its extensive use, no reference genome has been available for chamomile until now. We present a chromosome-level genome sequence for chamomile which was assembled with TRITEX pipeline from PacBio accurate long reads and chromosome conformation capture sequencing data. The assembled pseudo-haploid genome has a total size of 2.75 Gb, organized into 9 chromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 285 Mb. This high-quality reference genome has a BUSCO value of 98.8% and includes 47,820 functional genes. Additionally, we assembled a haplotype-resolved genome, taking advantage of the high heterozygosity of chamomile. The haplotype assemblies have total sizes of 2.28 Gb and 2.34 Gb and cover 87.6% and 89.8% of the pseudo-haploid reference genome, respectively. Our assemblies provide a valuable resource for genetics and genomics works for chamomile and related members of the Asteraceae.
Enhanced object detection in remote sensing images by applying metaheuristic and hybrid metaheuristic optimizers to YOLOv7 and YOLOv8
Authors: Elgamily Khaled Mohammed , Mohamed M. A. , Abou-Taleb Ahmed Mohamed , Ata Mohamed Maher
Published: February 2025

Developments in object detection algorithms are critical for urban planning, environmental monitoring, surveillance, and many other applications. The primary objective of the article was to improve detection precision and model efficiency. The paper compared the performance of six different metaheuristic optimization algorithms including Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Remora Optimization Algorithm (ROA), Aquila Optimizer (AO), and Hybrid PSO–GWO (HPSGWO) combined with YOLOv7 and YOLOv8. The study included two distinct remote sensing datasets, RSOD and VHR-10. Many performance measures as precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP) were used during the training, validation, and testing processes, as well as the fit score. The results show significant improvements in both YOLO variants following optimization using these strategies. The GWO-optimized YOLOv7 with 0.96 mAP 50, and 0.69 mAP 50:95, and the HPSGWO-optimized YOLOv8 with 0.97 mAP 50, and 0.72 mAP 50:95 had the best performance in the RSOD dataset. Similarly, the GWO-optimized versions of YOLOv7 and YOLOv8 had the best performance on the VHR-10 dataset with 0.87 mAP 50, and 0.58 mAP 50:95 for YOLOv7 and with 0.99 mAP 50, and 0.69 mAP 50:95 for YOLOv8, indicating greater performance. The findings supported the usefulness of metaheuristic optimization in increasing the precision and recall rates of YOLO algorithms and demonstrated major significance in improving object recognition tasks in remote sensing imaging, opening up a viable route for applications in a variety of disciplines.
Smart distributed data factory volunteer computing platform for active learning-driven molecular data acquisition
Authors: Ghukasyan Tsolak , Altunyan Vahagn , Bughdaryan Aram , Aghajanyan Tigran , Smbatyan Khachik , Papoian Garegin A. , Petrosyan Garik
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the smart distributed data factory (SDDF), an AI-driven distributed computing platform designed to address challenges in drug discovery by creating comprehensive datasets of molecular conformations and their properties. SDDF uses volunteer computing, leveraging the processing power of personal computers worldwide to accelerate quantum chemistry (DFT) calculations. To tackle the vast chemical space and limited high-quality data, SDDF employs an ensemble of machine learning (ML) models to predict molecular properties and selectively choose the most challenging data points for further DFT calculations. The platform also generates new molecular conformations using molecular dynamics with the forces derived from these models. SDDF makes several contributions: the volunteer computing platform for DFT calculations; an active learning framework for constructing a dataset of molecular conformations; a large public dataset of diverse ENAMINE molecules with calculated energies; an ensemble of ML models for accurate energy prediction. The energy dataset was generated to validate the SDDF approach of reducing the need for extensive calculations. With its strict scaffold split, the dataset can be used for training and benchmarking energy models. By combining active learning, distributed computing, and quantum chemistry, SDDF offers a scalable, cost-effective solution for developing accurate molecular models and ultimately accelerating drug discovery.
Equatorial convection controls boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations in the present and future climates
Authors: Kottapalli Aditya , Vinayachandran P. N.
Published: February 2025

The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is the major mode of tropical intraseasonal variability during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), it partly controls the dry and wet spells of the ISM and thus is crucial for agricultural yield in the country. Understanding the future of BSISO is essential as it has been established recently that the large-scale BSISO environment enhances the probability of extreme rainfall events enormously. In this study, the ability of Coupled Model Inter Comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models to capture the northward propagation of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is examined using a counting algorithm. A composite moisture budget reveals the difference in moisture dynamics between the above-average-performing (AAPM) and below-average-performing (BAPM) models. The AAPM composite has a stronger horizontal moisture advection ahead of the convection centre than the BAPM composite. The weaker wind and moisture perturbations in the BAPM mainly cause this difference in the horizontal moisture advection between AAPM and BAPM. The BAPM composite shows a weaker equatorial convection signal compared to the AAPM composite, resulting in weaker wind and moisture perturbations and a lesser number of northward propagations. Finally, we understand the future of BSISO by examining the projections of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 370 (SSP370) from the available AAPMs. The background moisture will be enhanced uniformly in the future, leading to no substantial change in gradients. The equatorial convection amplifies and broadens in the future projections, leading to very little change in the wind perturbations. This results in the enhancement of BSISO rainfall by 63% in the Bay of Bengal and 42% in the Arabian Sea. However, the proportion of northward propagations remains the same as moisture advection remains the same. The study implies that with a correct representation of BSISO’s equatorial convection, the prediction of BSISO and extreme rainfall associated with BSISOs becomes more reliable.
FABP5 is a key player in metabolic modulation and NF-κB dependent inflammation driving pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Vecchio Eleonora , Gallo Raffaella , Mimmi Selena , Gentile Debora , Giordano Caterina , Straface Emilio , Marino Rossana , Caiazza Carmen , Pastore Arianna , Ruocco Maria Rosaria , Arcucci Alessandro , Schiavone Marco , Palmieri Camillo , Iaccino Enrico , Stornaiuolo Mariano , Quinto Ileana , Mallardo Massimo , Martini Fernanda , Tognon Mauro , Fiume Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

Pleural mesothelioma (PM) poses a significant challenge in oncology due to its intricate molecular and metabolic landscape, chronic inflammation, and heightened oxidative stress, which contribute to its notorious resilience and clinical complexities. Despite advancements, the precise mechanisms driving PM carcinogenesis remain elusive, impeding therapeutic progress. Here, we explore the interplay between tumor growth dynamics, lipid metabolism, and NF-κB dysregulation in malignant pleural mesothelioma, shedding light on novel molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. Our study reveals distinctive growth dynamics in PM cells, characterized by heightened proliferation, altered cell cycle progression, and resistance to apoptosis. Intriguingly, PM cells exhibit increased intracellular accumulation of myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids, suggestive of augmented lipid uptake and altered biosynthesis. Notably, we identify FABP5 as a key player in driving metabolic alterations and inflammation through NF-κB dysregulation in mesothelioma cells, distinguishing them from normal mesothelial cells. Silencing of FABP5 leads to significant alterations in cell dynamics, metabolism, and NF-κB activity, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Our findings unveil a reciprocal relationship between lipid metabolism and inflammation in PM, providing a foundation for targeted therapeutic strategies. Overall, this comprehensive investigation offers insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms driving PM pathogenesis and identifies potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Clinical lactation studies. Acting on key recommendations over the last decade
Authors: Rowland Yeo Karen , Gerhart Jacqueline , Sawant-Basak Aarti , Ojara Francis Williams , Kawuma Aida N. , Waitt Catriona
Published: February 2025

Including lactating women in clinical trials is imperative to generate relevant drug exposure and safety data needed to advise on clinical use of drugs in this understudied population. Recent changes in perspectives, regulatory guidance, and international networks which outline pragmatic approaches for advancing the conduct of clinical lactation studies are discussed. Case studies demonstrating successful application of modeling and simulation to complement clinical lactation data for enhanced knowledge of infant drug exposure are presented.
Maintenance of p-eIF2α levels by the eIF2B complex is vital for colorectal cancer
Authors: Škapik Ivana Paskov , Giacomelli Chiara , Hahn Sarah , Deinlein Hanna , Gallant Peter , Diebold Mathias , Biayna Josep , Hendricks Anne , Olimski Leon , Otto Christoph , Kastner Carolin , Wolf Elmar , Schülein-Völk Christina , Maurus Katja , Rosenwald Andreas , Schleussner Nikolai , Jackstadt Rene-Filip , Schlegel Nicolas , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Bushell Martin , Eilers Martin , Schmidt Stefanie , Wiegering Armin
Published: February 2025

Protein synthesis is an essential process, deregulated in multiple tumor types showing differential dependence on translation factors compared to untransformed tissue. We show that colorectal cancer (CRC) with loss-of-function mutation in the APC tumor suppressor depends on an oncogenic translation program regulated by the ability to sense phosphorylated eIF2α (p-eIF2α). Despite increased protein synthesis rates following APC loss, eIF2α phosphorylation, typically associated with translation inhibition, is enhanced in CRC. Elevated p-eIF2α, and its proper sensing by the decameric eIF2B complex, are essential to balance translation. Knockdown or mutation of eIF2Bα and eIF2Bδ, two eIF2B subunits responsible for sensing p-eIF2α, impairs CRC viability, demonstrating that the eIF2B/p-eIF2α nexus is vital for CRC. Specifically, the decameric eIF2B linked by two eIF2Bα subunits is critical for translating growth-promoting mRNAs which are induced upon APC loss. Depletion of eIF2Bα in APC-deficient murine and patient-derived organoids establishes a therapeutic window, validating eIF2Bα as a target for clinical intervention. In conclusion, we demonstrate how the expression of the oncogenic signature in CRC is crucially controlled at the translational level.
Drosophila Alms1 proteins regulate centriolar cartwheel assembly by enabling Plk4-Ana2 amplification loop
Authors: Brunet Marine , Thomas Joëlle , Lapart Jean-André , Krüttli Léo , Laporte Marine H , Riparbelli Maria Giovanna , Callaini Giuliano , Durand Bénédicte , Morel Véronique
Published: February 2025

Centrioles play a central role in cell division by recruiting pericentriolar material (PCM) to form the centrosome. Alterations in centriole number or function lead to various diseases including cancer or microcephaly. Centriole duplication is a highly conserved mechanism in eukaryotes. Here, we show that the two Drosophila orthologs of the Alström syndrome protein 1 (Alms1a and Alms1b) are unexpected novel players of centriole duplication in fly. Using Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy, we reveal that Alms1a is a PCM protein that is loaded proximally on centrioles at the onset of procentriole formation, whereas Alms1b caps the base of mature centrioles. We demonstrate that chronic loss of Alms1 proteins (with RNA null alleles) affects PCM maturation, whereas their acute loss (in RNAi KD) completely disrupts procentriole formation before Sas-6 cartwheel assembly. We establish that Alms1 proteins are required for the amplification of the Plk4-Ana2 pool at the duplication site and the subsequent Sas-6 recruitment. Thus, Alms1 proteins are novel critical but highly buffered regulators of PCM and cartwheel assembly in flies.
Structure of the MUC5AC VWD3 assembly responsible for the formation of net-like mucin polymers
Authors: Trillo-Muyo Sergio , Ermund Anna , Hansson Gunnar C
Published: February 2025

Gel-forming mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B constitute the main structural component of the mucus in the respiratory system. Secreted mucins interact specifically with each other and other molecules giving mucus specific properties. We determined the cryoEM structures of the wild type D3 assembly of the human MUC5AC mucin and the structural single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) variants Arg996Gln and Arg1201Trp that affect intermolecular interactions. Our structures explain the MUC5AC N-terminal non-covalent oligomerization after secretion. The D3 assembly forms covalent dimers that can appear in two alternative conformations, open and closed, where the closed conformation dimers interact through an arginine-rich loop in the TIL3 domain to form tetramers. Our study provides a model to explain MUC5AC net-like structures and how the two SNPs will affect mucus organization, something that might affect lung and other diseases.
Development and Validation of a Novel UV-TOF MS Method for Real-Time Exhaled Propofol Analysis in Beagles
Authors: Chang Pan , Li Xiaoxiao , Liu Xing , Kang Yi , Gong Deying , Li Wenwen , Zhao Zhongjun , Zhu Tao , Liu Jin , Zhang Wensheng
Published: February 2025

Propofol, a fast-acting anesthetic, requires precise titration to minimize adverse effects. While plasma-based monitoring is slow, exhaled propofol offers a real-time, non-invasive alternative, though its clinical application remains limited. This...
Comment on “The quercetin metabolite 4-methylcatechol causes vasodilation via voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels” by Patrícia Dias, Rudy Salam, Jana Pourová, Marie Vopršalová, Lukáš Konečný, Eduard Jirkovský, Jurjen Duintjer Tebbens and Přemysl Mladěnka, Food Funct., 2024, 15, 11047.
Authors: Manville Rían W. , Nguyen Hanh A. , Abbott Geoffrey W.
Published: February 2025

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Exploring Doxycycline-Gamma Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex: Preparation, Characterization and Molecular Docking with Monkeypox Virus
Authors: Mondal Modhusudan , Sarkar Kaushik , Basak Shatarupa , Ali Salim , Roy Priyanka , Tudu Ajit , Das Rajesh , Roy Mahendra Nath
Published: February 2025

Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic virus similar to smallpox in some aspects, poses a significant public health threat due to its high mortality and morbidity rates. Historically confined to Africa,...
Demonstration of 300 mm RF-SOI wafers fabricated by layer transfer technology
Authors: Dai Rongwang , Ding Jingjun , Shi Chenyu , Zhong Han , Liu Yun , Xue Zhongying , Wei Xing
Published: February 2025

The key fabrication technologies for domestic 300 mm wafer-level RF-SOI are demonstrated for the first time. The 300 mm RF-SOI wafers with less than 3 Å Top-Si roughness and −95 dB m 2nd harmonic distortion at 900 MHz were successfully fabricated.
Interrupted intra [3+2] to 5-endo-dig Cyclization: [3 + 2] cycloaddition of nitrile ylides of diazo esters: Photo induced solvent free gem-diamination to α-amino-α-substituted α-amino esters
Authors: Khan Haya , Tyagi Yashika , Pandey Roopam , Menon Pranoy , Sen Subhabrata
Published: February 2025

In this work, we transition the blue LED-induced intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of nitrile ylides-generated from singlet carbenes of diazo esters—towards an intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition with substituted isocyanates. This photolytic reaction...
A Bacteria-Based Bioorthogonal Platform Disrupts the Flexible Lipid Homeostasis for Potent Metabolic Therapy
Authors: Yi Jiadai , Wang Huan , Deng Qingqing , Huang Congcong , Zhang Lu , Sun Mengyu , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: February 2025

Cancer cells exhibit altered metabolism and energetics, prominently reprogramming lipid metabolism to support tumor growth and progression, making it a promising target for cancer therapy. However, traditional genetic and pharmaceutical...
Activatable peptide-AIEgen conjugates for cancer imaging
Authors: Zhou Sisi , Sun Xianbao , Liang Gaolin
Published: February 2025

Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have embraced pronounced development over the past decade, making substantial and profound contributions to a diverse range of research fields, prominently including cancer/disease diagnosis and therapy....
Heteroaromatic ring modified naphthalimide interlayer materials for efficient polymer solar cells
Authors: Dai Shuixing , Jiang Jilei , Yu Liangmin , Cui Lunxiu , Zhang Xu , Zhang Canhui , Gao Ke , Jiang Heqing , Huang Minghua
Published: February 2025

We design and synthesize four naphthalimide (NI)-based organic cathode interlayer materials (CIMs) end-capped with electron-withdrawing heteroaromatic rings, namely NTDC, NTR, NTRIC and NTTC. Compared with NTN (bis(N-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-thiophene-1,8-naphthalimide), a reported CIM,...
A Review of photostability in organic solar cells: from mechanisms to improvement strategies
Authors: Zhai Yilan , Chang Yanhong , Tang Ailing , Lu Kun
Published: February 2025

Organic solar cells (OSCs) represent a promising emerging low-cost thin-film photovoltaic technology. The emergence of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors has reinvigorated the OSC field, leading to significant breakthroughs in their...
Nonlinear optical properties of CsPbI3: synthesis, characterization, and application in passively Q-switched lasers
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Ali Zulfiqar , Sohail M. , Alqarni Areej S. , Alam Intikhab , Razzaq Nimra , ullah Fazl , Ouyang Qiuyun
Published: February 2025

Halide perovskites, especially CsPbI3, have gained for their strong absorbance across the visible to near-infrared spectrum and a unique electronic structure, enhancing their nonlinear optical and optoelectronic applications.
Paper-based microfluidic device for serum zinc assay by colorimetry
Authors: Nath Kalpita , Sarkar Debasish , DasGupta Sunando
Published: February 2025

Paper based detection device for Zinc, an essential micronutrient playing several crucial roles in human pathophysiology.
Temperature-driven growth of uranyl-organic frameworks for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Lu-Yao , che guang , Gong yaru , Yang Weiting , Lin Yuan , Liu Jiao-Rong , Chen Shu-Yu , Xiao Meng-Dan , Tian Xu-Dong , Su Zhong-Min
Published: February 2025

The design of efficient photocatalysts to convert CO2 into CO and other high-value-added chemicals is an effective strategy for solving environmental issues and the energy crisis. Herein, a uranyl-organic framework...
The synergistic effect of Ni–NiMo4N5 heterointerface construction and Fe-doping enables active and durable alkaline water splitting at industrial current density
Authors: Zhao Yaling , Li Jinsheng , Li Kai , Liang Liang , Zhu Jianbing , Xiao Meiling , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei
Published: February 2025

The synergistic effect of heterogeneous interfaces and doping optimizes electronic structure and accelerates charge transfer, significantly boosting alkaline water electrolysis performance.
Correction: A low-hysteresis, self-adhesive and conductive PAA/PEDOT:PSS hydrogel enabled body-conformable electronics
Authors: Gao Qiang , Li Chao , Wang Mingxu , Zhu Jiadeng , Gao Chunxia
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘A low-hysteresis, self-adhesive and conductive PAA/PEDOT:PSS hydrogel enabled body-conformable electronics’ by Qiang Gao et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 9355–9365, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TC00850A.
The EDIBLES survey. X. The 6196 Å diffuse interstellar band: Identification of side DIBs as an indication of a small carrier molecule
Authors: Ebenbichler A. , Ončák M. , Przybilla N. , Hrodmarsson H.R. , Smoker J.V. , Lallement R. , Farhang A. , Bhatt C. , Cami J. , Cordiner M. , Ehrenfreund P. , Cox N.L.J. , van Loon J. Th. , Foing B.
Published: February 2025

Numerous studies of diffuse interstellar band (DIB) profiles have detected substructures, which in turn suggests that large molecules are acting as their carriers. However, some of the narrowest DIBs generally do not show such substructures, suggesting the possibility of very small carriers. Å and the present detection of weaker side DIBs to each of them in the extensive dataset from the ESO Diffuse Interstellar Bands Large Exploration Survey, we investigated whether they may stem from small linear carrier molecules. This approach can lead to concrete DIB carrier suggestions, which can be tested in laboratory measurements in future studies. We suggest that the DIBs we studied here represent individual rotational transitions of a small molecule. We determined the molecular constants from observations and compared them with data from a large set of quantum-chemical calculations to constrain possible carrier candidates. Furthermore, we determined the rotational temperatures by fitting line ratios using the fitted molecular models. We determined molecular constants for three DIB systems and the corresponding transition types. The fitted rotational temperatures lie within the range of known interstellar diatomic molecules. We identified several DIB carrier candidates, almost all of them molecular ions. Some of them are metastable species, indicating the possibility of collision complexes as DIB carriers. Å DIB, the strongest among the narrow DIBs.
Does brief mindfulness intervention increase performance? An exploratory study.
Authors: Barbry Alexis , Carton Annie , Bernier Marjorie , Ovigneur Hervé , Coquart Jérémy Bernard
Published: February 2025

The effects of mindfulness-based interventions combined with a running programme on physical performance need further investigation. Studies often proposed a long mindfulness intervention with a low-intensity physical activity. This study aims to investigate the effects on physical performance of a brief mindfulness intervention with a running programme. Sixty-five trained runners were randomised in brief mindfulness or control groups. Intermittent maximum speed, heart rate variability and ratings of perceived exertion were performed at baseline, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Fat mass and physical fitness were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks after. A time*group interaction was detected for cardiorespiratory fitness tests (i.e. intermittent maximum speed and 3-min shuttle run tests). Cardiorespiratory fitness stagnated for the mindfulness group whereas it decreased significantly over time in the control group (p = 0.01). No time*group interactions were detected for the other outcomes (p < 0.05). Brief mindfulness intervention might potentially mitigate the fatigue-related performance decrements during the preparatory phase. The cardiorespiratory fitness decrease for the control group could be explained by the high training load during this time of the season. The stagnation in the mindfulness group might be illustrated by the development of some psychological skills.
Towards a national information model for medication orders in Sweden
Authors: Holmeland Sofie , Blomberg Tobias , Mårtensson Andreas , Koch Sabine
Published: February 2025

Background: Semantic interoperability among health information systems (HISs), in particular electronic health records (EHRs), is crucial for informed healthcare decisions and patient access to vital health data. However, inconsistent medication information and limited health data exchange contribute to medication errors worldwide. While Sweden offers various solutions for health information exchange, there is a limitation in the exchange of medication orders and a lack of understanding the structure of medication orders among EHRs, highlighting the need for further exploration of the structure of medication orders.
Objectives: This study aims to develop a common information model of medication orders for EHRs to be used in the Swedish context.
Methods: An explorative qualitative design study was conducted. Documents and reference models of how medication orders are structured were collected, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with five purposefully selected participants with insight into how medication orders are structured in Swedish EHRs. The data were analyzed using information needs analysis, information structure analysis, and code systems, classifications, and terminology analysis.
Results: The following information areas were identified for a medication order: medication, medication indication, way of administration, medication order details, and dosage. These information areas were conceptualized into a developed Unified Modeling Language Class Diagram information model with defined classes, attributes, and data types. The resulting information model provides a representation of how medication orders are depicted in EHRs in Sweden and is aligned with existing national information models such as the National Medication List, while still providing additional information related to medication order details.
Conclusions: The developed information model could potentially provide a national standardized model for medication orders, contributing to enhance semantic interoperability and improving data exchange across various HISs. This could enhance data consistency, reducing the risk of medication errors and thereby improving patient safety.
First evidence-based guideline for interventions in FASD
Authors: Strieker Sonja , Heinen Florian , Ziegler Annika , Schmucker Christine , Kopp Ina , Landgraf Mirjam N.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Prenatal alcohol exposure causes disruptions in brain development. The resulting disorder, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), cannot be cured, but interventions can help improve the daily functioning of affected children and adolescents and the quality of life for the entire family.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the German guideline version 2024 is to provide validated and evidence-based recommendations on interventions for children and adolescents with FASD.
METHODS
We searched for international guidelines and performed a systematic literature review and a hand search to identify literature (published 2012–2022) on interventions for children (0–18 years) with FASD. The quality of the literature was assessed for predefined outcomes using the GRADE method (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). We established a multidisciplinary guideline group, consisting of 15 professional societies, a patient support group and 10 additional experts in the field. The group agreed on recommendations for interventions based on the systematic review of the literature and formulated additional recommendations, based on clinical experience/expert evidence in a formal consensus process.
RESULTS
No international guideline focusing on interventions for patients with FASD was found. 32 publications (4 systematic reviews, 28 original articles) were evaluated. The analysis resulted in 21 evidence-based recommendations and 26 expert consensus, covering the following topics: neuropsychological functioning, adverse effects of therapy, complications/secondary conditions, quality of life, caregiver burden, knowledge of FASD, and coping and self-efficacy.
CONCLUSION
The German guideline is the first internationally to provide evidence-based recommendations for interventions in children and adolescents with FASD.
‘Wanting of hir wille’: Arendtian sovereignty and plurality in The Knight’s Tale
Authors: Cibula Peter
Published: February 2025

The Knight’s Tale presents patriarchal sovereignty in the figure of Theseus, who exercises his power through the capacities of homo faber (man the tool user and craftsman). This fashioned political realm is seductive; however, Hannah Arendt argues that the transformation of the political realm through homo faber’s work creates an anti-politics that survives through a Stoic illusion of freedom. Arendt’s work allows us to recognize why Theseus’s use of the capacities of homo faber to master Arcite and Palamon never truly arrives at its intent since it thrives through the suppression of what Arendt denotes as the human political condition: plurality. I argue that reading Emelye’s prayer and the negotiation of Chaucer’s gods through Arendt allows us to understand how sovereignty is a weaker exercise of man’s capacities than speech and action which, following Arendt, operate within the non-sovereign reality of human life.
When seeing is not believing: self-efficacy and cynicism in the era of intelligent media
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wang Lin , Luo Mengyu
Published: February 2025

The rise of deep synthesis technology has garnered significant attention with the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI). Social media platforms are increasingly populated with news content featuring AI-generated images. When browsing fragmented online information, it remains uncertain whether users pay attention to the source of this content. This study examines AI self-efficacy and user cynicism, exploring users’ cognitive and perceptual attitudes, as well as their behavioural tendencies toward news images generated by deepfake technology. The results of two experiments (N = 1826) suggest that when AI self-efficacy is lowered, users display greater cynicism toward the authenticity of news. Furthermore, differences in information processing strategies were observed depending on the content features of the news. Specifically, users with reduced AI self-efficacy were more likely to express cynicism toward high-relevance news compared to low-relevance news. Similarly, they were more likely to question the authenticity of low-risk news compared to high-risk news.
Intensity and dimensionality-dependent dynamics of laser-proton acceleration in 1D, 2D, and 3D particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Daneshmand Lillian A. , Aszalos Madeline , Feister Scott , Smith Joseph R.
Published: February 2025

Due to the high computational cost of 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, lower dimensional (2D or 1D) simulations are frequently used in their place. Our work shows that when modeling high-intensity laser ion acceleration, simulation dimensionality interfaces with laser intensity in the dynamics of ion acceleration at every step of the process, from laser absorption through particle acceleration. We expand on previous studies by comparing the behavior of 1D and 2D simulations (of different polarization) with 3D PIC simulations at high resolutions across five orders of magnitude of laser intensity, enabling us to study multiple regimes of laser-proton acceleration. We find that key output metrics such as maximum proton energy depend on a complex interplay of both simulation dimensionality and laser intensity regime. Differences between simulation predictions generally increase for higher laser intensity regimes, making 3D simulations especially important for quantitative predictions of next-generation laser experiments.
Structure–property relations of binary ferrite melts
Authors: Benmore C. J. , Shi C. , Alderman O. L. G. , Harvey J. P. , Lipke D. , Weber J. K. R.
Published: February 2025

Molten ferrite systems are used in the smelting and refining processes in steelmaking, to reduce the loss of metals in slags and to accelerate reaction rates. Here, high-energy x-ray diffraction experiments have been performed on aerodynamically levitated molten spheres of 43BaO–57FeOX and 43SrO–57FeOX at 1873 K using laser beam heating. The composition was varied within the range of x = 1–1.5 by changing the oxygen partial pressure of the levitation gas. The corresponding x-ray pair distribution functions have been interpreted using empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) modeling. In oxygen-rich melts (x = 1.5), our EPSR models indicate very similar structures for the different alkaline-earth liquids, with both the Ba–O and Sr–O coordination numbers to be ∼8.4 and the total Fe–O coordination numbers ∼5.7. However, our models show that in reducing environments, the Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions exhibit very different behaviors in the Ba- and Sr-ferrite liquids. In the Ba-ferrite melt, the Fe3+–O coordination number decreases from 5.7 (at x = 1.5) to 5.2 (at x = 1.07), whereas Fe2+–O remains constant at ∼5.0 across the same compositional range. In the Sr melts, both the Fe2+–O and Fe3+–O coordination numbers rise from ∼5.7 (at x = 1.5) to 6.3 (at x = 1.07). All models show the structures to be heterogeneous with intertwined nanometer sized clusters or channels of Ba/Sr–O and Fe–O polyhedra that grow as oxygen content is reduced. Changes in the viscosity and electrical properties are interpreted in terms of the number of bridging and non-bridging oxygens associated with FeO4 tetrahedra and concentration of charge carriers, respectively.
Estimating transparency and penetration depth enhancement induced by clearing tissue using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wang Zilai , Fang Wenhui , Wang Xin , Men Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) technology offers numerous advantages, including non-contact imaging, rapid imaging capabilities, and high resolution. Although the enhancement of optical transparency through ultrasound is limited, the application of alcohol-based optical clearing agents (OCAs) combined with CaCO3 microspheres significantly improves the optical imaging of skin tissue. Using OCT, it has been demonstrated that the imaging depth of optically cleared skin tissue increases by approximately 14% due to the inclusion of CaCO3 microspheres. Molecular simulations reveal the hydrogen bonding interactions between collagen receptors, which are linked to the strong scattering characteristics of skin tissue, and four commonly used alcohol-based OCA small-molecule ligands. These simulation results correlate with the variations in imaging depth observed in experiments with different OCAs, thereby establishing the relevance and differences among various OCAs in enhancing the optical imaging effectiveness of biological tissues.
Simple, highly stable transfer cavity for laser stabilization based on a carbon-fiber reinforced polymer spacer
Authors: Zwettler T. , Xue Z. , Bolognini G. , Bühler T. , Hruby L. , Fabre A. , Donner T. , Brantut J.-P.
Published: February 2025

We describe the design and operation of a high-stability Fabry–Pérot cavity, for laser stabilization in cavity quantum-electrodynamics experiments. Our design is based on an inexpensive and readily available uniaxial carbon-fiber reinforced polymer tube spacer, featuring an ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient. As a result, our 136 mm-long cavity, which has a finesse of 5160, shows a coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.6 × 10−6 K−1. Enclosing it in a hermetic chamber at room-pressure and using simple temperature stabilization, we observe absolute frequency excursions over a full day below 50 MHz for a laser operating at 446.785 THz. The frequency stability is limited by the imperfect thermal isolation from the environment and can be corrected using a built-in piezoelectric actuator. In addition, we discuss a different variant of this design and identify future improvements. Our system provides a cost-effective and robust solution for transferring laser stability over different wavelengths, as well as for linewidth reduction or spectral filtering of CW laser sources for applications in quantum science.
Multi-objective performance optimization of a solid–liquid two-phase annular jet pump
Authors: Tan Minggao , Shao Chen , Liu Houlin , Wu Xianfang , Hua Runan , Zhao Yang
Published: February 2025

To enhance the performance of a solid–liquid two-phase annular jet pump, efficiency and energy consumption are selected as objective functions. Using the design of experiments method, area ratio, annular nozzle length, and diffuser angle are identified as variables. Optimal Latin hypercube sampling is employed to generate samples, and multi-objective optimization is performed using a particle swarm optimization-back propagation neural network combined with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. The results indicate that the established model demonstrates good fitting and generalization capabilities, achieving the expected predictive outcomes. After structural optimization, the overall length of the model is reduced. In terms of performance, efficiency increases 3.1%, and energy consumption reduces 34.3%. The area and distribution of low-pressure zones within the pump are reduced, resulting in smoother pressure changes. The entropy generation region extends along the flow direction to the outlet, but the entropy generation rate decreases, significantly reducing energy losses within the main flow channel. The total number of particle collisions decreases, significantly improving the wear characteristics of the pump internal walls.
A long-lifetime and maintenance-free atomic cell for laser spectroscopy experiment of 6Li atoms
Authors: Song Hong-Fang , Wu Jie , Li Ke , Wang Fu-Qiang
Published: February 2025

We report a hot pipe for a laser spectroscopy experiment of lithium atoms, which can work at a relatively low temperature of ∼280 °C for observing a nearly lifetime-limited laser spectrum of D2 line transitions of 6Li atoms. The spectrum has a high signal-to-noise ratio and serves as a stable reference for laser frequency stabilization. The main structure of the pipe includes an 80-cm-long stainless steel tube with a 19.05 mm inner diameter and several standard vacuum components, leading to an overall axial length of ∼1.1 m. Instead of filling noble atomic gas to protect the viewports from contamination, we find that the residual gas around both windows can act as buffer gas, and almost no contamination is discernible after over four years of operation. Furthermore, the pipe exhibits characteristics of free maintenance and simple operation, as no vacuum pumping process is needed after preparation. Even when being idle in a cold state for months, the vacuum can be recovered by heating the pipe to a higher temperature above the melting point (∼181 °C) of bulk lithium for a day.
The failure mode and fracture morphology of shale under dry and water fracturing situation
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiong , Ge Juntao , Ren Qinpei , Huang Keke , Ge Hongkui
Published: February 2025

Hydraulic fracturing is an essential means to achieve economic benefits for shale oil and gas, with the main goal of forming complex fracture networks. Water-based fracturing fluid is a commonly used fracturing fluid. Gas bearing shale has special rock physical properties, such as microcracks development and high clay minerals, which will inevitably lead to physical and chemical interaction between shale and water-based fracturing fluid, and affect the failure mode and fracture morphology. In this paper, Lujiaping Formation shale in Chongqing area, southwest of China is selected for the compression experiments under dry and water fracturing condition, respectively. Through the analysis of mechanical parameters, deformation characteristics, the influence of water on the failure mode and fracture morphology is systematically studied. The experimental results indicate that both dry shale and water fracturing shale have shear localization bands, with dry shale one shear band and water shale several shear bands (main fracture), which is different from previous study that water saturated shale forms a dispersed fracture network without a main fracture. In fact, the marine shale of the Lujiaping Formation has a strong spontaneous imbibition ability. When shale is saturated with water, the water absorbed into shale increases pore pressure (reducing normal stress), which leads to further propagation of microcracks and increases the initial microcrack volume. The increase in initial crack volume will enhance the interaction between cracks. In addition, the water entering the cracks further reduces the friction resistance between crack surfaces, making the cracks prone to shear sliding, dilatation and forming several shear bands. The widely developed initial microcracks connect various shear bands, forming a more complex fracture network that increase the overall deformation width of the sample compared to dry sample.
The architecture of invaginating rod synapses slows glutamate diffusion and shapes synaptic responses
Authors: Thoreson Wallace B. , Bartol Thomas M. , Conoan Nicholas H. , Diamond Jeffrey S.
Published: February 2025

Synapses of retinal rod photoreceptors involve deep invaginations occupied by second-order rod bipolar cell (RBP) and horizontal cell (HC) dendrites. Synaptic vesicles are released into this invagination at multiple sites beneath an elongated presynaptic ribbon. To study the impact of this architecture on glutamate diffusion and receptor activity, we reconstructed four rod terminals and their postsynaptic dendrites from serial electron micrographs of the mouse retina. We incorporated these structures into anatomically realistic Monte Carlo simulations of neurotransmitter diffusion and receptor activation. By comparing passive diffusion of glutamate in realistic structures with geometrically simplified models, we found that glutamate exits anatomically realistic synapses 10-fold more slowly than previously predicted. Constraining simulations with physiological data, we modeled activity of EAAT5 glutamate transporters in rods, AMPA receptors on HC dendrites, and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR6) on RBP dendrites. Simulations suggested that ∼3,000 EAAT5 populate rod membranes. While uptake by surrounding glial Müller cells retrieves most glutamate released by rods, binding and uptake by EAAT5 influence RBP kinetics. Glutamate persistence allows mGluR6 on RBP dendrites to integrate the stream of vesicles released by rods in darkness. Glutamate’s tortuous diffusional path confers quantal variability, as release from nearby ribbon sites exerts larger effects on RBP and HC receptors than release from more distant sites. Temporal integration supports slower sustained release rates, but additional quantal variability can impede postsynaptic detection of changes in release produced by rod light responses. These results show an example of the profound impact that synaptic architecture can have on postsynaptic responses.
Status and prospect of weak radiative hyperon decays
Authors: Shi Rui-Xiang , Jia Zekun , Geng Li-Sheng , Peng Haiping , Zhao Qiang , Zhou Xiaorong
Published: February 2025

Weak radiative hyperon decays represent a rich interplay between weak interactions and the internal structure of baryons, offering profound insights into Quantum Chromodynamics and weak interactions. Recent experimental observations, particularly from BESIII, have revealed deviations from theoretical predictions. These deviations could signal new physics or the need for refined theoretical models incorporating intermediate resonance effects. This review discusses recent theoretical advancements and key experimental findings, focusing on recent measurements from BESIII and their implications for strong interactions and baryon structure.
Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory sensitivity to heavy Galactic Cosmic Rays and the shape of particle spectrum
Authors: Dubos C. , Sharma P. , Patel S. , Suomijärvi T.
Published: February 2025

The origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and the potential role of Supernova Remnants (SNRs) as cosmic-ray (CR) accelerators remain subjects of ongoing debate. To shed more light on this topic, we have studied the spectral shapes of two SNRs, RX J1713.7-3946 and HAWC J2227+610, performing simulations for the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO).
The previous multi-wavelength (MWL) analysis on these two sources showed an important hadronic contribution at high energies. The interaction of the GCRs accelerated by the SNRs with the medium around the accelerator leads to a process of pion decay (PD) that produces gamma-rays (γ-rays). These emissions, detectable by CTAO, offer an indirect means of pinpointing the CR source.

Two scenarios have been considered: the contribution of heavy CRs and different cut-off sharpnesses (β) of the particle spectra.
The simulations were performed by using different CR composition distributions (protons, CNO, Fe) and different sharpness values ranging from β = 0.5 to β = 1.5.

The results show that, in the cases studied here, CTAO will increase the sensitivity to the spectral shape of γ-rays. This allows us to distinguish protons from heavy CRs and obtain information on β values and therefore on different acceleration scenarios.
Improving Hydrogen Production in Plasma-Assisted Bi-Reforming of Methane: Experimental Study in Rotating Gliding Arc Plasma Reactor
Authors: Pathak Ram Mohan , Rao Lakshminarayana
Published: February 2025

This research examines how different flow regimes transient, and turbulent affect the electrical and optical properties and Hydrogen production of Bi reforming of methane (CO2/CH4/H2O) in a rotating gliding arc (RGA) reactor. The f
arc parameter was measured using a high-speed camera and Fast Fourier Transform voltage analysis. Optical Emission Spectroscopy captured the RGA’s visible emission spectrum, while the rotational temperature was determined via C2 Swan band analysis using SPECAIR. Gas Chromatography with thermal conductivity detector and flame Ionization Detector determined the product gas composition. Different operating parameters, including the RGA swirl hole diameter (1 mm), steam to carbon (S/C) ratios (0.33 and 0.66), and flow rates varying from 6.7 to 40 SLPM, were tested to improve H2 and CO production. At 6.7 SLPM with S/C0.33, maximum H2 and CO production was 3.4% and 4.2% while at 8 SLPM with S/C0.66 maximum H2 and CO production was 3.9% and 5%. Increasing Q to 37.5 SLPM with S/C0.33 reduced H2 and CO production to 0.7%, and 1.7% while at 40 SLPM and S/C0.66, H2 and CO production reduced to 0.8% and 2.0%, due to lower residence time. These findings are essential for scaling up and optimizing the RGA reactor for H2 production.