bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilización de cánula nasal de alto flujo en insuficiencia respiratoria aguda hipoxémica por COVID-19: estudio cuasi-experimental retrospectivo controlado
Authors:   , Gallardo Adrián
Published: November 2023

La oxigenoterapia otorgada a través de cánulas nasales de alto flujo (CNAF) se popularizó para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) en la última década y con mayor auge durante la pandemia por COVID-19. A la fecha, existe suficiente evidencia sobre los efectos fisiológicos y beneficios de la CNAF en diversos escenarios y patologías, por lo que es importante familiarizarse con su utilización, limitaciones e indicaciones. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar y resumir la evidencia disponible sobre la aplicación de esta terapia.
Tecnologias radiológicas e suas contribuições
Authors: Andrade João Pedro Bicalho Borges de , Lobo Gessika Ivy Brito , Borges Ana Carolina Nakao e , Carvalho Giovanna Ribeiro Amaral de
Published: November 2023

As tecnologias na radiologia, são criadas com o intuito de nos auxiliar no estabelecimento de diagnósticos, monitorar tratamentos, estadiamentos, dentre outras funções. Atualmente, nota-se que estas tecnologias estão cada vez mais presentes no nosso dia a dia, servindo como ferramenta de apoio em diversas áreas da medicina. Dentre os diversos tipos de tecnologias, abordamos as que acreditamos ter maior destaque, mostrando a evolução que trouxeram, dentre estas temos a telerradiologia, métodos de contraste radiológicos vantagens e riscos, uso da Densitometria óssea para diagnóstico da osteoporose, ultrassom dermatológico e suas utilidades, radioterapia no tratamento do câncer e suas consequências, angiotomografia de coronárias e principais diagnósticos, radiologia na pediatria e suas peculiaridades, ultrassonografia com doppler na gravidez. O livro conta com oito capítulos, os quais trazem uma revisão de literatura sobre esses temas, abordando-os em vários aspectos. Espera-se que ele possa contribuir com o aprendizado do leitor sobre tais assuntos.
Regulatory and cartographic and geodetic support for changing the borders of the subjects of the Russian Federation
Authors: Pobedinsky Gennady , Obidenko Vladimir , Markeeva Polina
Published: November 2023

The paper analyzes international and national legal and technical acts regulating the establishment, modification and coding of territories and borders of various levels, regulating the issues of spatial reference of thematic information. UN documents, standards of the International Organization for Standardization ISO and the European Union NUTS are analyzed. The Russian legislation and by-laws on the state border, on the administrative borders of the 1st level (subjects of the Russian Federation) and the 2nd level within the subjects of the Russian Federation are considered. It is proposed to single out as a separate level 1+ territories and borders of federal districts that are not a new administrative-territorial division of the country, but participate in federal statistical observation. It is shown that the borders of the subjects of the Russian Federation are subject to changes, but the existing legislative regulation of the establishment, control and modification of the borders of the subjects of the Federation is clearly insufficient. The complexity of solving the problem of establishing, controlling and changing the borders of the subjects of the Russian Federation is illustrated by the history of the development, consideration and rejection of the draft federal law “On changing the administrative borders of the Subjects of the Russian Federation”. The procedure for establishing and changing borders, as well as issues of accuracy of geodetic and cartographic work in establishing, changing and displaying borders are considered. The shortcomings of the recommendations on geodetic support of the process of establishing the borders of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the letters of the Rosreestr are analyzed.
The place of european cities of the Mediterranean in the sphere of tourism of the European Union
Authors: Tikunova Irina , Kurlanova Ekaterina
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine the position of Mediterranean cities in the European tourism system. For this purpose, the tourist attractiveness and tourism development of the Mediterranean region and the EU countries are analyzed. The place of the most attractive tourist cities of the Mediterranean in the EU market has been determined. Their strengths and weaknesses in the development of tourism are highlighted and opportunities and threats are considered. The methods of comparative, cluster, SWOT analysis were used in the work, a classification and a series of tables and maps were created. As a result of cluster analysis of a dozen indicators, groups of countries by tourist attractiveness and groups of cities of the European Union by the level of tourism development were identified. The study showed that the cities of the Mediterranean have different degrees of tourism development, while the level of tourism development in the cities of the western part of the region is higher than in the eastern. The largest of them have a diversified tourist offer and attract tourists as centers of resort, cultural and educational, business, event and religious tourism. They are a popular destination for citizens of Germany, Great Britain, Austria and the Scandinavian countries. There is also an interchange of tourists from the Mediterranean countries: France and Italy. Mediterranean cities have different and, in some cases, significantly different values of tourism development indicators. Higher rates of tourism development are observed in cities in the western part of the Mediterranean, while lower rates are observed in cities in the eastern part (cities of Greece, Croatia, Slovenia, Cyprus). The predominant number of Mediterranean cities, which are included in the list of the most popular destinations, demonstrate indicators of tourism development closer to the minimum values: economy and business, tourist activity, tourist policy and attractiveness, tourist infrastructure. In terms of characteristics, they are similar to cities in Portugal, as well as cities in Eastern Europe. The weak side of the development of tourism in Mediterranean cities is the indicators of sustainable development (the increase in average air temperature, the content of PM2.5 particles in the air), which affects the index of sustainable tourism. After the lifting of all coronavirus restrictions, Mediterranean cities are capable of rapid recovery due to the fact that they provide a familiar tourist product of good quality, which is important in conditions of uncertainty. Also, a plus is the proximity to the countries-the main suppliers of tourists and a long travel ban, which stimulated the desire to travel.
Prodromico
Authors: Rainer Franz
Published: November 2023

L’aggettivo prodromico sembra creare parecchia incertezza fra i parlanti della lingua italiana. Un lettore addirittura domanda se esista tale parola in italiano, un altro ne vorrebbe conoscere il significato esatto e una lettrice è incerta se la preposizione richiesta da tale aggettivo sia a oppure di.
ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ
Authors: Dr.. Zaid Bahloul Sameen
Published: November 2023

أﺼـﺒﺢ اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم اﻟﺠـﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﻤﻴـداﻨﺎً ﻟﻠﻛﺜﻴـر ﻤـن اﻟد ارﺴـﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ اﻫﺘﻤـت ﺒﻤﺸـﻛﻼت اﻟﺸـﺒﺎب ﺤﻴـث

ﻴﺸﻛﻝ طﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺼر اﻷﺴﺎس ﻓﻲ أﻫم ﺸرﻴﺤﺔ ﻤن ﺸ ارﺌﺢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ وﻫم اﻟﺸـﺒﺎب ٬ وﻤـن ﺸـﺄن

ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﺸﻛﻼت أن ﺘؤﺜر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘوى ﺘواﻓق اﻟطﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ واﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ واﻟﺼﺤﻲ واﻷﺴري واﻟد ارﺴﻲ

٬ وﻗـد أﻴـدت اﻟد ارﺴـﺎت اﻟﻌدﻴـدة ﺘﻌـرض طﻠﺒـﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ اﻟـﻰ اﻟﻌدﻴـد ﻤـن ﻤﺸـﻛﻼت ﺴـوء اﻟﺘواﻓـق . وﻟﻤـﺎ

ﻛﺎن اﻟﺘواﻓق اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ أﺤـد اﻷﻫـداف اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺴـﻌﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ اﻟـﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬـﺎ ﻟﻤـﺎ ﻟـﻪ ﻤـن أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﺒـﺎرزة ﻓـﻲ

ﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ وﺘﺤدﻴد ﻤﻼﻤﺤﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺄن اﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ اﻟﻰ د ارﺴﺔ وﺒﺤـث اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴـ ارت واﻟﻌواﻤـﻝ

اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻤـن ﺸـﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻠﻴـﻝ ﻤﺸـﻛﻼت اﻟﺘواﻓـق واﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴـف ﻤـن ﺤـدﺘﻬﺎ ٬ وﻟﻌـﻝ ﻤﻤﺎرﺴـﺔ اﻟرﻴﺎﻀـﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﺸـطﺘﻬﺎ

اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ أﺤــد ﻫــذﻩ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴــ ارت اﻟﺘــﻲ ﻗــد ﺘــؤﺜر ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﺘواﻓــق اﻟﺸﺨﺼــﻲ ﻟــدى اﻟطﻠﺒــﺔ ٬ ﺤﻴــث أﻴــدت

اﻟد ارﺴﺎت اﻟﻌدﻴدة اﻵﺜـﺎر اﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺘرﻛﻬـﺎ اﻟرﻴﺎﻀـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺠواﻨـب اﻟﻨﻤـو واﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ ﻟـدى اﻷﻓـ ارد

 

اﻟذﻴن ﻴﻤﺎرﺴوﻨﻬﺎ .
Imagery in Katherine Mansfield's Short Story "Bliss"
Authors: Eman Fathi Yahya
Published: November 2023

Since the death of Katherine Mansfield, the kind of attention

 

her short stories have received has followed an understandably

meandering path. There is no doubt that she joins D.H.Lawrence and

Aldous Huxly among others in parading those she knew in real life

through the pages of her fiction-and no one more consistently than

herself.(Magalaner,p.413).

 

The vision of the human condition which emerges from

Katherine Mansfield's stories is a painful one. It is predicated upon the

notion that to be human is to be a victim and that life preys upon those

least capable of defending themselves against the impossible and

intolerable situations it presents. Each stage and condition of life has

inescapable situations peculiar to it. Women are victimized by the basic

fact of their sex: demanding and insensitive men brutalize them, child

birth exploits them, and female self-sacrifice is regarded by the male

world as routine and expectable. The young and naïve are victimized by

the process of learning the lessons life waits to teach: the fact of death,

the relentless passage of beauty and vigor, the disappointment of

idealism. The old are victimized by loneliness and sickness,by fear of

death,by the thoughtless energy of the younger world around

them.Mansfield's sympathies are torn between her commitment to life

itself, the potential beauty of experience,and the apparent denial of that

potential beauty when the chips are down.

 

To enter into a relationship with another person is,according to

Mansfield,to be victimized by the one most loved,most trusted .The only

option is to become a victimizer,to inflict the pain,betray the trust.
ﺃﺛﺭ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﻛﺷﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺩﺭﻳﺱ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻭﺭ ﻟﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ­ ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﻳﺔ /ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻳﻠﺔ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻡ ۱۹۹۲­۱۹۹۱
Authors: ﻡ.ﻡ. ﺭﻣﺯﻱ ﺟﻣﻳﻝ ﻋﺑﺎﺱ
Published: November 2023

ﻴوﺼـف ﻫـذا اﻟﻘـرن اﻟـذي ﻨﻌﻴﺸـﻪ ﺒﻌﺼـر اﻟﻌﻠـم واﻟﻤﻌرﻓـﺔ واﻟﺒﺤـث وﻟﻤـﺎ ﺤﻘﻘـﻪ ﻤـن

ﺘطﻠﻌــﺎت ﻟﺤﺎﻀــر اﻻﻨﺴــﺎن وﻤﺴــﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ. وﻟﻘــد أﺜــر اﻟﻌﻠــم ﻋﻠــﻰ طﺒﻴﻌــﺔ اﻟﺤﻴــﺎة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼــرة ﻛﻤــﺎ

اﺘﻀـﺤت ﺠواﻨﺒﻬــﺎ اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎدﻴﺔ واﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ وﻓروﻋﻬــﺎ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﺤــد اﻟــذي ﻨـور اﻟﻌﻘــﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﺼــﻴﻎ

 

اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ.

ﻟﻘد أﻫﺘﻤت دوﻝ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم اﻟﺜﺎﻟث ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم وﺘطوﻴرﻩ ﻤن ﺨﻼﻝ ﻤﺎ ﺘوﺼﻠت إﻟﻴﻪ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺘﺎً ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎرب

اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻤـرت ﺒﻬـﺎ اﻟﻤواﻛﺒـﺔ اﻟـدوﻝ اﻟﻤﺘﻘدﻤـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻫـذا اﻟﻤﻀـﻤﺎر وﻤوﻗـﻊ وﻤﺴـﺘوى اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم ﻀـرورة

ﺘﻐﻴﻴر ﺒ ارﻤﺞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم اﻟﻘدﻴﻤـﺔ واﻟﻌﻨﺎﻴـﺔ ﺒـﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم اﻟﺘﻘﻨـﻲ. ﺤﻴـث ﻟـم ﻴﻌـد أﺘﺒـﺎع اﻻﺴـﺎﻟﻴب اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴدﻴـﺔ

ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘـدرﻴس واﻟﺘـدرﻴب ﻴﻔـﻲ ﺒﺤﺎﺠـﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ اﻟﻌ ارﻗـﻲ وﻤﺘطﻠﺒﺎﺘـﻪ ﻤـن ﺤﻴـث ﺘﺨـرج ﻤـدرس

 

ﻛﻔوء ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻤﻝ ﻤﺴؤوﻟﻴﺎﺘﻪ ا ازء اﻟﺘطو ارت اﻟﺤﻀﺎرﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼرة .(١٢,١).

ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺠـﺎء اﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴـد ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻻﻫﺘﻤـﺎم ﺒﺎﻟﻤـدرس وﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ اﻋـدادﻩ وﻓـق اﻓﻀـﻝ اﻟﺼـﻴﻎ ٬ ﻷن

اﻟﻤــدرس ﻴﻌــد اﻻداة اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟــﺔ او اﻟﻤﻨﻔــذ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴــﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠــﻴم او اﻟﺘــدرﻴس ﻟــذا ﻴﻌــد اﻻﻫﺘﻤــﺎم اﻤــر

ﻀـروري ﻟﻛﻔﺎءﺘـﻪ وﺠﻌﻠـﻪ ﻗـﺎد اًر ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻤﺎرﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ﺒﺼـورة ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺔ وﻓﻨﻴـﺔ وﻨظرﻴـﺔ

وﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ. ﻟـذا ﻨﺠـد ان ﻗﺴـم اﻟﺘرﺒﻴـﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﻴـﺔ ﻴﻬـﺘم ﺒﺎﻟطﺎﻟـب وذﻟـك ﻟﺘﺨرﻴﺠـﻪ ﻤدرﺴـﺎً ﻛﻔـﺄ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺎدﺘـﻪ

اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻴدرﺴـﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻘﺴـم وﻫـﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠـف اﻟﻌﻠـوم اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻤﺜـﻝ اﻟﺠﺎﻨـب اﻟﺘرﺒـوي واﻟﺠﺎﻨـب

اﻟﻔﻨـﻲ واﻟﺠﺎﻨـب اﻟﻤﻬﻨـﻲ. وﻤـن ﺒـﻴن ﺘﻠـك اﻟﻤـواد اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻴدرﺴـﻬﺎ اﻟطﺎﻟـب ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺼـف اﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻫـﻲ

(ﻤـﺎدة اﻟﻤﻨظـور) وﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻤـﺎدة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘطﺒﻴﻘﻴـﺔ ﺘﺘطﻠـب ﻤﻬـﺎرة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘـدرﻴس وﺘﻌﺘﻤـد ﻗـواﻨﻴن

رﻴﺎﻀــﻴﺔ وﻓﻨﻴــﺔ وﺘﺸــﻛﻴﻠﻴﺔ ٬ ﺤﻴــث ﺘﻛــون ﺴــﻬﻠﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ طﻠﺒــﺔ اﻟﻘﺴــم اﻟــذﻴن اﻛﻤﻠــوا اﻟﻤرﺤﻠــﺔ

اﻻﻋدادﻴـﺔ – اﻟﻔـرع اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ وﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺸـﻲء ﻤـن اﻟﺼـﻌوﺒﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ طﻠﺒـﺔ اﻟﻔـرع اﻻدﺒـﻲ ٬ ﻷن اﻟﻘﺴـم

اﻟﻤذﻛور ﻛﻼ اﻟﻔرﻋﻴن ﻓﻴﻪ
Variations in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (Hba1c) Levels of Obese Women Resident in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: A Tamuno-Opubo , Wihioka Joy Tonye , Stanley Rosemary Oluchi , Dede Siyeofori Belema , Dienye Zosa Ugbana
Published: November 2023

Globally, the incidence of obesity is known to be linked to a number of other riskfactors such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, amongst others, however, there are population specific variance and severity. Therefore, this study t investigated the possible variations in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of obese women resident in Rivers State, Nigeria. Precisely, 334 obese and non-obese women within the ages of 18 and 65 years with no obvious health challenge and resident in Upland and Riverine areas of Rivers State were actually surveyed by the present study. A multistage sampling technique was adopted, and subjects were surveyed across the upland and riverine locations of the State. These subjects were evenly drawn from the multi-ethnic residents of the state. Anthropometric (body mass index- BMI) data and blood sample (via antecubital vein following standard procedures) were obtained from the consenting subjects. After laboratory analyses, the quantitative data got were subjected to statistical analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test with a p< 0.05 considered statistically significant were determined. The result also revealed that all obese subjects as well as their UPL and RVR subgroups had significantly (P<0.05) elevated HbA1c compared to their respective non-obese groups and these increases were both graded and marked (P<0.05) with increasing BMI. It is also important to note that the non- obese and obese class III of the RVR subjects had markedly (P<0.05) higher levels when compared to those of their UPL counterparts.The finding of this study on the changes in HbA1c levels of obese women resident in UPL and RVR residents revealed significant (P<0.05) rising percentages of HbA-1c with increasing BMI. It can thus be concluded that the incidence of obesity and associated comorbidities are substantially linked to sex, ethnic/culture and socioeconomic status.
Devolved Governance System and its Economic Development Impact to Rural Counties in Kenya: Case Study Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Anami Ali Keya
Published: November 2023

This study aims at discussing how devolved governance system has an economic impact to rural counties in Kenya with Kakamega rural county as the case study. The Devolution is one of the most transformative changes to Kenya’s governance system brought about by the Kenya Constitution, 2010. Article 174 of the Constitution provides that one of the key objectives of devolution is to promote social and economic development and provide proximate, easily accessible services throughout Kenya. Many rural Counties including Kakamega County faced with a myriad of challenges such as poverty, unemployment, disease, low agricultural productivity among others. Kakamega County through its short, medium and long term plans came up with an Integrated Development Plan (CIDP). The CIDP helps the county in identification of the projects and programmes through various consultative forums at the sub-county level vide Focused Ward Groups, community dialogues, County Stakeholders, such as the County Budget and Economic Forum, Kenya National Chamber of Commerce, Public Benefit Organizations such as GROOTS Kenya, ADS, and International development partners such as UNICEF, UNDP and USAID. Kakamega county has achieved much in terms of developments in various sectors such as education, health, infrastructure and urbanization. This study contributes in highlighting how devolved governance system has a positive impact to rural areas in kenya. The study provides crucial insights on devolution as a tool to economic development changes in rural Kenya especially in Kakamega County.
Simultaneous Thyroid Autoimmunity: A Coexistence of Grave's Disease and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Authors: Ouakrim H. , Midhat I. , Rafi S. , Mghari G. El , Ansari N. El
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Grave’s Disease (GD) and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) are two autoimmune diseases whose coexistence is rare. We report a case of a patient in whom both diseases manifested simultaneously. Case report: A 36- year-old woman presented with thyrotoxicosis. She had tachycardia with WHO grade 2 homogeneously non-pulsatile goiter, without exophthalmos. The evaluation revealed peripheral hyperthyroidism with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies and anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (anti-TSHR) antibodies. Cervical ultrasound revealed a goiter affecting the right lobe in the context of thyroiditis. Thyroid scintigraphy indicated a picture suggestive of Graves' disease in the left lobe and hypocaptating thyroiditis in the right lobe. The patient was treated with propranolol and Carbimazole, with alternating phases of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Discussion and Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroid diseases, GD and HT, are specific to the thyroid gland and are common in women. They share pathogenic features that could explain their association, including genetic and environmental factors leading to thyroid cell damage, T-cell-mediated autoimmunity, human leukocyte antigen binding, and the presence of autoantibodies such as anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in GD. Rare cases have demonstrated that HT can manifest after GD, and vice versa, leading to an alternation of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in certain patients due to changes in the balance between various categories of antibodies. In the present case, the patient simultaneously presented both diseases.
Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding the Workplace Violence at 250 Bedded Mohammad Ali Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Most. Arshe Ara , Nuronnabi Nuronnabi , Afrin Most. Mouloza , Mukta Mst. Nazmun Naher , Ibnat Mst. Atiya , Akter Mallika , Khatun Mst. Ajida , Easmin Most. Afroza
Published: November 2023

Background: Workplace violence in healthcare settings is a serious problem worldwide and in Bangladesh. It is becoming more common worldwide, and the recent trends confirm a high prevalence of occupational violence against nurses and physicians [1]. The International Labor Office, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization, and Public Services International defined workplace violence as using physical or nonphysical power against another person or group that could harm the victims physically, mentally, spiritually, sexually, morally, or socially. About 1.6 million people died worldwide due to workplace violence, and many more became injured or suffered from physical and nonphysical health problems [3]. Objective: The aim was to assess nurses' knowledge regarding workplace violence at 250 Bedded Mohammad Ali Hospital, Bogura. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design used, and a sample size of 110 that was a purposive sampling technique followed those who met the inclusion criteria and assessed the nurses' knowledge regarding workplace violence. The study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire composed of two parts: Demographic variables and knowledge- based information on workplace violence. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the highest age group, 40.91% were within 30-40 years, 86.36% were female, 4.55% were Muslim, 93.64% were married, and 47.27% were Diploma in nursing educational qualification among respondents. The average knowledge score of 68% was a good level of knowledge regarding workplace violence. It may be due to their cooperation. Conclusion: Workplace violence among nurses is a major problem in the workplace. It is also a common global problem, including Bangladesh. The major findings of 68% were good level of knowledge. The government plays an important role in minimizing workplace violence using different approaches.
Penerapan Model Project Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Materi Pembagian di Kelas Iv Sd Muhammadiyah 11 Medan
Authors: Sitinjak Irandi , Wanda Karina
Published: November 2023

Learning in schools requires effective strategies to ensure understanding of the material by students. One of the challenges faced in learning mathematics is understanding the concept of division, especially at the elementary school level. The purpose of this study was to examine the application of PBL model to improve division material in class IV SD Muhammadiyah 11 Medan. The research method used in this research is qualitative research method. Data collection techniques in this research include observation, interview and test. The data that has been collected is then analyzed thematically. The results showed that the application of Project Based Learning (PBL) model can improve students' understanding of division material. Students can better understand the concept of division in the abstract. The application of PBL model can also increase students' learning motivation. Students become more active and involved in the learning process. In addition, the application of PBL model can also improve students' critical thinking skills. Students can think more independently and solve problems in a creative way.
Tinjauan Hak Pekerja Kontrak Atas Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Sepihak
Authors: Sajou Daniel Marshal , Lie Gunardi
Published: November 2023

Termination of Employment occurs based on the previous employment relationship created between the worker/laborer and the employer which is marked by an agreement in the employment agreement. Contract workers are bound by a Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWT). Layoff is something that is highly avoided, especially for workers/laborers because since the layoff occurs, at that time the worker/laborer also loses their livelihood and loses the ability to meet their daily needs, so workers' rights must be protected. This research aims to understand the rights of contract workers who experience unilateral termination of employment (PHK) during the contract. The method in this research is normative legal research by searching and connecting legal facts with the basis of regulations to create conclusions to answer the problems that arise. The results of the research found that 1) The regulation of unilateral termination by the employer is contained in Article 62 of the Labor Law; 2) In the case of PT Vietmindo Energitama there was an imbalance because the judge of the Industrial Relations Court rejected the plaintiff's claim which the employer did not fulfill. This, it creates losses and does not create certainty for workers/laborers because it is clearly and rigidly regulated that the party terminating the employment relationship is obliged to pay compensation until the contract period ends.
Designing of Yogurt Packaging Product Using Quality Function Deployment Technique (Case Study at UMKM Ceriyogurt)
Authors: Putri Nabila Tetrania , Oktavia Rakhma
Published: November 2023

Yogurt is a dairy product made through a fermentation process. Currently, yogurt packaging uses bottle-shaped plastic material. The current problem with yogurt packaging is that the visual image of the packaging, packaging shape, material thickness, packaging size and completeness of the packaging label is still low, so it is considered that it does not meet customer needs. Currently, yogurt packaging uses bottle-shaped plastic material. The problem of yogurt packaging is that the visual image of the packaging, packaging shape, material thickness, packaging size and completeness of the packaging label is still low, so it is considered that it does not meet customer needs. This research aims to identify a list of customer needs, a list of technical characteristics, directions of improvement, and the priority of technical characteristics of Yogurt product packaging. The research methodology uses the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) technique with the House of Quality (HOQ) matrix. The research generates 5 customer needs which were interpretated into 7 technical characteristics with directions for improvement, namely increased material thickness, fixed packaging volume size, reduced packaging length, reduced packaging width, reduced packaging height, improved visual image design, and increased label component completeness. The House of Quality produces a priority order of improvement, with the weight of importance of each technical characteristic, namely packaging length (90), packaging width (90), packaging height (90), packaging volume size (60), visual image size (60), completeness of label components (60), and thickness of packaging material (45).
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA FISIOTERPIA EM PACIENTES PEDIATRICOS COM OSTEOGÊNESE IMPERFEITA
Authors: Santos Rafael Duarte dos , Livramento Rosileide Alves
Published: November 2023

Introdução: A osteogênese imperfeita e uma alteração genética no COLA1 ou COLA2, que resulta em fragilidade óssea, e alta probabilidade de fraturas do decorrer da vida da criança. A fisioterapia disponibiliza alguns recursos terapêuticos que ajudam esses pacientes ter uma qualidade de vida melhor Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo de mostrar a importância da fisioterapia com esses pacientes pediatricos, enxergando a independência dessas crianças Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura qualitativa e quantitativa não experimental Resultados: A fisioterapia oferece uma melhor significativa no desenvolvimento dessas crianças, melhorando amplitude de movimento das artticulações, adquirindo ganho de força em membros superiores e inferiores, reedução postural e ganho de funcionalidade em um processo de pós fratura.
PERDA DE PESO ASSOCIADA AO USO DE SEMAGLUTIDA: EFICÁCIA E MECANISMO DE AÇÃO
Authors: Leite André Matheus Carvalho Silva , Fraga Leonardo Almeida , Filho Thales Bueno Marques Pedroza , Rangel Antonio Lucas de Azevedo , Gonzaga Ítalo Cardoso , Mello Maria Eduarda Lima Barbalho de , Souza Vanessa Meneses de , Júnior Jair Paes de Oliveira , Lins Maria Luiza Nóbrega , Aleixo Guilherme Hastenreiter , Queiroz João Gabriel Gomes , Bezerra Cristian Erik Campos , Azevedo José Terso Fernandes de , Azevedo Mariana Mahon
Published: November 2023

Este estudo possui o objetivo de analisar e fazer a exposição da relação entre o uso de semaglutida e a perda de peso, fazendo a análise dos mecanismos de ação e da sua eficácia. Para tanto, este trabalho é uma revisão integrativa que foi feita com base na busca dos seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) feita na base de dados PubMed: weight; loss; and; semaglutide. Sendo escolhidos apenas artigos publicados de 2022 a 2023, até a data de 03/11/2023, em que foi encontrado 23 artigos, sendo estes analisados em sua integralidade, onde 13 foram excluídos e apenas 10 foram utilizados para a realização deste trabalho. A obesidade, por ser uma doença de extrema crescente e por trazer diversas complicações cardiovasculares e metabólicas necessita de uma terapia farmacológica, para além de uma terapia de mudança de hábitos de vida, dessa forma, para atender esta demanda surgiu o medicamento semaglutida que se mostrou eficaz na redução do peso e índice de massa corporal. Com base nessas informações é necessária a união de diversos artigos com relação a esta temática para que haja a ampliação dos conhecimentos de profissionais de saúde e pacientes, além de proporcionar uma maior evidenciação dos efeitos da semaglutida.
ATUAÇÃO DA FISIOTERAPIA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO PSICOMOTOR DE CRIANÇAS COM (TEA): REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Costa Lanna Cristina Campos da , Livramento Rosileide Alves
Published: November 2023

Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um transtorno global do neurodesenvolvimento da criança, de caráter multifatorial, com características clínicas específicas, apresentando déficits motores, atrasos cognitivos e prejuízos na comunicação e interação social. Objetivo: demonstrar por meio de uma revisão de literatura a relevância da atuação da fisioterapia nos déficits psicomotores. Metodologia: Será realizada uma revisão de literatura descritiva, onde será levantado artigos científicos, nas plataformas de busca Pubmed, Medline e Scielo. Resultados: foram quantificados 246 artigos nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo E Medline, usando os seguintes descritores de pesquisa, transtorno do espectro autista, e fisioterapia and autismo; nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Após levantamento dos dados, foram excluídos 226 artigos seguindo os critérios de exclusão, e selecionado 20 artigos que atendem aos parâmetros de inclusão. Considerações finais: A intervenção da fisioterapia precoce desempenha um papel crucial no tratamento de crianças com TEA, oferecendo uma ampla gama de benefícios que abrangem o desenvolvimento de seus potenciais e habilidades motoras, cognitivas e comportamental, melhorando assim a independência e qualidade de vida.
PLANEJAMENTO E EXECUÇÃO DE AÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA COM RESIDENTES SOBRE FEEDBACK FORMATIVO: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Romão Alessandra Cristina de Almeida , Santos Lorena de Oliveira , Fontinele Shirley de Farias , Almeida Christian Pacheco de
Published: November 2023

Introdução: As residências multiprofissionais em saúde constituem um importante processo de ensino-aprendizagem envolvendo teoria e prática. Para que seja realizada da melhor forma, faz-se necessário que o preceptor exerça suas funções baseado em um planejamento eficaz e criativo. Para tanto, o uso das metodologias ativas e suas ferramentas, promovem um enriquecimento desse processo de aprendizagem. O feedback formativo e a sala de aula invertida foram os instrumentos utilizados. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de planejamento e execução da ação pedagógica  com residentes sobre feedback formativo. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, sobre o planejamento e execução de uma ação pedagógica em preceptoria, de um programa de residência multiprofissional em um hospital escola no estado do Pará. Resultados: Evidenciou-se, ao término da atividade com os residentes de fisioterapia, a relevância do planejamento da ação pedagógica para a obtenção de um maior êxito no processo de ensino e aprendizagem proporcionado na residência. Conclusão: A necessidade de promover novas práticas que melhorem a construção do processo de ensino e aprendizagem na residência multiprofissional foi um fator primordial evidenciado neste trabalho. O uso das ferramentas Feedback Formativo e Sala de aula invertida trouxe resultados positivos na integração entre preceptores e residentes. Entretanto, sem um prévio e eficiente planejamento pedagógico, a condução das atividades teria se dado de forma insuficiente.  A carência de literatura existente nessa temática foi algo notado na construção deste artigo e, portanto, verificou-se a necessidade de mais produções cientificas para enriquecimento do tema.
Inclusive tourism: the European experience
Authors: Bezuhla Liudmyla , Herasymenko Tetiana , Andrusiv Uliana
Published: November 2023

Market data on barrier-free tourism demonstrates the continued need to focus on inclusive tourism. However, it is difficult to estimate the exact number or percentage of people in the world who are disabled. In some European countries, in particular, most of the available information on this issue is based on the number of people with disabilities who have a disability document issued only to people with a disability of 50% or more. Thus, the number of disabled people with less than 50% disability is not specified anywhere. In addition, most types of disability occur due to an accident or illness or simply due to life and aging, and only about 4% are congenital. Market dynamics expand the possibilities of people with reduced mobility. The demand for affordable tourism is constantly growing. The article aimed to study the trends, opportunities, and problems of inclusive tourism growth in Europe. It is determined that the tourism industry plays a vital role in the national development of each European country as a generator of income for all, including people with disabilities. Thus, the tourism sector must contribute to achieving its goals for people with disabilities, mainly through employment and self-employment in the tourism sector and as consumers and users of tourism products and services. Affordable tourism can be booming if considered with general tourism and integrated into critical proposals. From a marketing point of view, there is an opportunity to approach barrier-free tourism as part of tourism of particular interest. As more people with disabilities join the tourism industry, this segment will become integral to overall tourism. It will play an influential role in the further development of European countries. The review of the European experience of inclusive tourism was since neighboring countries face similar challenges, and the sharing of resources and capacities should be encouraged. Developing a strategy for identifying specific problems and their possible solutions is necessary. Geographical and cultural similarities within European countries are the basis for cooperation and joint strategies.
Keywords: affordable tourism, inclusion, international tourism, inclusive tourism business, European countries.
Contagion Effect Between Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Nasdaq
Authors: - Mansha Rafiq
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive study investigates the contagion effect and relationships among three major stock exchanges—specifically, the two largest stock exchanges in India, BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) and NSE (National Stock Exchange), and the globally renowned NASDAQ—spanning an extensive eight-year period on a daily basis. Employing a robust analytical framework in E-views, the study conducts a suite of tests, including Unit Root tests, Granger causality analysis, Johansen's Cointegration test, Vector Error Correction Models (VECM), and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS). The results of our investigation reveal a significant cointegration among BSE, NSE, and NASDAQ, indicating a long-term relationship between these stock exchanges. Notably, the study establishes that BSE Granger causes NSE, given their shared national context. Moreover, in an international context, NASDAQ emerges as a Granger cause for both BSE and NSE, while NSE Granger causes NASDAQ. This nuanced understanding of Granger causality relationships has profound implications for investors seeking to optimize their portfolios. Importantly, our findings suggest a viable strategy for portfolio diversification, emphasizing the potential benefits of allocating investments across stock exchanges with limited correlation. Specifically, investors can strategically diversify their portfolios by considering exchanges that do not exhibit Granger causality relationships with each other. This insight provides a practical guide for investors looking to capitalize on opportunities in markets with distinct and uncorrelated movements, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of international portfolio diversification. In essence, this study underscores the feasibility of diversification between exchanges with no observed Granger causality relationships, shedding light on the nuanced dynamics of inter-market dependencies. Investors can leverage these findings to make informed decisions, mitigating risks, and capitalizing on diverse opportunities across global financial markets.
Examining the Linkages of Technology Adoption Enablers in Context of Dairy Farming Using ISM-MICMAC Approach
Authors: Kaushik Hans , Rajwanshi Rohit
Published: November 2023

In the context of agribusiness, technology and innovation have led to major transformations in many countries. Precision dairy farming technologies enable cost optimization, quality control, waste reduction, achieving economies of scale, efficiency in dairy resource utilization, improvement in productivity, standardized processes, enhanced decision support system and overall farm management. Despite being an overall production-wise rich country, India’s dairy sector lacks in terms of yield per cattle, overall dairy farm output, effective herd management and lack of effective technology acceptance and implementation. With the help of NGT based outcome, this research is an attempt to showcase the enablers of technology adoption in dairy farming and how these enablers interact with each other in a hierarchical form using ISM methodology. Experience in the dairy business, competitive pressure and digital literacy were found as the most crucial and driving enablers. However, agreeableness and managerial interest were found as the most dependent enablers of technology adoption. The interpretations drawn from the model can help the decision makers, policy makers and farmers not only in India but can serve as the base for other nations dependent upon agriculture to understand the inter dependency among enablers and suggestions to plan and channel technology adoption by focusing upon critical ones.
Telenursing-Based Self-Care Management Education Improves The Quality Of Life Of Hypertension Sufferers In The Rural Area Pragaan Health Center
Authors: Suprayitno Emdat , Permatasari Dian , Huzaimah Nailiy
Published: November 2023

Background: A person's view of their life within the framework of their culture and values, which encompass the areas of physical, psychological, social, and environmental activities, is referred to as their quality of life. In order to raise awareness and promote self-care, intervention measures are desperately needed. The purpose of this research is to evaluate how telenursing education affects hypertension patients' quality of life.
 
Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental methodology. With a simple random sample, the population consisted of sixty hypertensive people. The sixty-person sample was split into two groups: thirty individuals in the treatment group got an educational intervention centered around supportive care, while thirty individuals in the control group were given hypertension pamphlets.
 
Results: The quality of life score in the treatment group following the intervention was p = 0.000, according to research based on the independent t-test. The study's findings demonstrated the effectiveness of telenursing instruction in raising hypertension patients' quality of life; as such, this intervention may catalyze raising hypertensive patients' levels of self-care.
 
Conclusion: In conclusion, telenursing education support has an impact on hypertension patients' quality of life.
Protection of the Rights of the Owner When Pledging Property
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia, Kondrat’ev Vladimir A.
Published: November 2023

Property turnover is a rather complex phenomenon, for which actions related to the violation of rights and legal interests, the abuse of the right are not an exception. In particular, situations arise when property is pledged by an unauthorized person, which creates a situation in which the interests of the owner and the pledgee are opposed. The complexity of resolving these disputes is due to the fact that the legislator uses rather abstract categories that do not have a clear content and are interpreted ambiguously in science and law enforcement practice. The purpose of the article is to form a theoretically substantiated approach to resolving disputes related to the protection of the owner’s rights when property is pledged by an unauthorized person. Achieving the purpose of the article is carried out by solving the following tasks: determining the signs indicating the disposal of property from the owner’s possession against his will, determining the approach in assessing the due diligence of the pledgee when concluding a pledge agreement. The article was prepared using general scientific methods (systemic, logical) and special legal methods (comparative legal, formal legal). The author comes to the conclusion that when property is pledged by an unauthorized person, first of all, the circumstances related to the disposal of the subject of pledge from the owner»s possession are subject to assessment, in the event that the property has retired against the will of the owner, the pledge is terminated, if the property has retired due to will of the owner, then due diligence on the part of the pledgee is subject to assessment, and depending on this fact, the issue of maintaining the pledge is decided. When assessing due diligence in relation to citizens, the author proposes to adhere to a single standard, while for business entities it should be differentiated depending on the field of activity, i. e. for an entity carrying out business activities in a certain area, an increased standard of due diligence is assumed if the assessment of due diligence is related to the activities carried out.
Violations Committed by Participants in Criminal Proceedings During Jury Trials Revealed by Courts of Cassation of General Jurisdiction
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia, Lebedev Igor’ V.
Published: November 2023

The article provides an overview of violations that serve as grounds for reversal of verdicts based on a jury verdict in courts of appeal, as well as the problems arising in judicial practice in identifying violations that are grounds for reversal of a verdict. The presented analysis of court practice is accompanied by examples which reflect the difficulties in the application by the courts of the relevant legal norms.
SURVEY AT HOLOSKIV 1 SITE
Authors: Levinzon Ye. Yu.
Published: November 2023

The results of archaeological research carried out at the two-layered Сucuteni-Trypillia settlement of Holoskiv 1 in the Middle Dniester region are described in the paper. The study establishes the relative chronology of the Middle Trypillia sites of this territory, basing on the analysis of ceramic material.

New archaeological data, discovered through the surveys of the Kamianets-Podilskyi State Historical Museum-Reserve expedition, makes it possible to add and revise certain elements in the scheme of the relative chronology of the Middle Trypillia on the Dniester.

The analysis of ceramic finds (study of the morphology and ornamentation of painted ware) make it possible to distinguish two chronological horizons at the Holoskiv 1 settlement. The lower one was assigned to the final stage BI. This horizon included the pottery decorated with polychrome and bichrome painting, which refers to the Kadyivtsi type of sites (according to T. Movsha). Analogies to these finds made it possible to expand a number of similar sites, which may later be considered within the Kadyivtsi local group. It included Kadyivtsi-Bavky A, Kudryntsi I, Schipenitz A, Nezvysko II, Frydrivtsi, Havrylivtsi-Stinka, Pidpylyp’ya (lower horizon), Hrynchuk (lower horizon), Tymkiv I, Kubachivka (lower horizon), Kozak I, Holoskiv 1 (lower horizon), Hlybochok, possibly Velyka Slobidka-Khreschate (lower horizon), Babyn-Yama, Zinkivtsi 4, Zinkivtsi 5 and Zinkivtsi 6.

The upper horizon was mostly represented by samples of tableware with monochrome black ornament. Following N. Vynohradova, S. Ryzhov, T. Tkachuk, it was assigned to the stage Trypillia B II. The analysis of the discovered material confirms Tkachuk’s opinion that the settlement belongs to the Mereşeuca-Schipenitz contact zone. Only further archaeological research on wide areas, and obtaining a consistent series of C14-dates for representative closed assemblages of the region sites will improve the local-chronological division of the Cucuteni-Trypillia settlements in the Middle Dniester region.
NEW RESEARCH ON BURIALS OF THE GLOBULAR AMPHORAE CULTURE IN TERNOPIL REGION
Authors: Yahodynska M. O. , Ilchyshyn V. V. , Sokhatsky M. P.
Published: November 2023

The article introduces the results of archaeological research in the tombs of the Globular Amphorae culture near the Bilyi Potik and Ozeriany villages of Chortkiv district, Ternopil region (Western Podillia). The description of the archaeological material found during the excavations has been provided.

Both tombs from Bilyi Potik and Ozeriany differ in number and composition of the buried individuals. All those buried in Bilyi Potik were men. There were two men, two women and a child in Ozeriany. The question of their family relations remains open before additional research. The set of accompanying items is also different: in Bilyi Potik — 10 pots and a lid, two flint axes, a chisel, three knife-like plates, four parts of bone buckles, a bone pricker, two fangs and a small pig bone; in Ozeriany — 11 pots, a lid, one flint ax and two fragments from axes, four amber beads, a half of a bone buckle, three pig tusks and one large bone (part of a leg?) of a cattle (?).

The pottery also differs in the affinity of the ornaments. The vessels in Bilyi Potik varied by its clay mass (ceramics with chamotte and plant remains predominated, ceramics with predominance of sand admixture was in a smaller amount). The pottery ornamentation was not only with triangles filled with scaly ornamentation, but also with pseudo-cord ornamentation. The bottom of the pots is flat in 8 cases, convex in 2 cases. Pots had two symmetrical handles. In two cases, the engobe is fixed.

Handmade vessels from the tomb in Ozeriany are mostly made of clay with the addition of a large amount of sand with crushed flint or crushed shell. All pots have a flat bottom, in three cases the pots have two symmetrical handles, one has 4 handles, and one has 4 pseudo handles. Three pots from a ceramic set have no ornamentation. The surface decoration of other pots is more diverse. In addition to the traditional subtriangular ornament with a scaly filling, the pots are decorated with zig-zags, double horizontal and vertical lines, stamped with round teeth, and bands of short vertical and horizontal lines.
SOME FEATURES OF THE PRODUCTION OF CLAY ARTIFACTS BY THE RESIDENTS OF THE BASIVKA SETTLEMENT
Authors: Korzh A. A. , Gorbanenko S. A.
Published: November 2023

In 2021—2022, the Basivka team of the Putivl expedition conducted the archaeological exploration at the settlement 3 «Bashta» of the Basivka hill-fort in Sumy Region. This is the largest settlement of the Scythian period in the Sula River basin. In the excavation area, more than 400 fragments of clay items including 27 complete cones were found. Since the large number of prints on clay products, represented mostly by the rims and bottoms of the hand-made pots, has a scientific interest a more detailed examination of the collection was carried out.

According to the results of the study, the following issues were taken into account: individual grains of cultivated plants on the walls of pots and on cones; various prints on the bottoms of the pots. Single prints (19 items in total) are not of statistical interest.

Mainly mass imprints of cereal grains and waste from them (mainly millet) on the bottom of the pots have been found. The found bottoms were: 1) almost completely covered with imprints of intact millet grains (that is, in flakes), 2) covered with imprints of grains and waste; 3) with imprints of waste without grains. In isolated cases the waste from the threshing of other grain crops was found on the bottoms. According to materials from other Scythian sites it is known that grain (and waste from threshing) was sprinkled, and sand was used. No sand prints were found at settlement 3 «Bashta».

There are also isolated cases of fabric usage (both on materials under study and other sites) and even leaves of broad-leaved tree species (Tsyrkuny). However, the small number of such cases hardly proves the global tradition of using such «substrates». On the other hand, the tradition of pouring cereals (mainly millet) and waste from them under the bottom of pots was very common in the Early Iron Age. We believe that such prints on the bottoms testify to the period of «mass» production of ceramics: mainly after the harvest.