bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Twentieth-Century Judge As Torts Theorist: Traynor
Authors: White G Edward
Published: November 2024

Only two years elapsed between the last year of Cardozo’s judicial tenure and the first year of Roger Traynor’s: but for Cardozo’s sudden illness the two men’s careers might have overlapped. Even so the universes in which the two men functioned were barely comparable. Cardozo began as a judge in 1916; Traynor retired in 1970. Cardbzo’s tenure on the New York Court of Appeals took place in a period when Torts was conceived of as a private law subject dominated by the negligence principle. During Traynor’s thirty years as associate justice and chief justice of the Supreme Court of California the “public” implications of tort law were increasingly perceived and alternatives to negligence were given serious attention. Both Traynor and Cardozo had a keen sense of the intellectual climate of their tenures and each operated within the tacitly appropriate limits of his perceived role as judge. But Traynor, like Cardozo, is singled out for attention in the intellectual history of Torts because he did not simply work within the prevailing theories of his time and place, but made theoretical contributions of his own, thereby influencing the direction of twentieth-century tort law.
The Unexpected Persistence of Negligence, 1980-2000
Authors: White G Edward
Published: November 2024

Historical change may be more cyclical, and less progressive, than many twentieth-century scholars believed; the capacity of humans to remake the world in accordance with. Their current policy goals may be far more limited than once anticipated. This work, at any rate, has identified some cyclical patterns in the law of torts, and has also noted the tendency of the field of tort law to resist being structured in accordance with the enthusiasms of generations of academics and judges, despite their sometimes heroic efforts at structuring. But perhaps the central characteristic of historical change that one should glean from this study is its unpredictability. No set of developments better illustrates the difficulties in extrapolating the future course of a legal field from its present characteristics than the dramatic, and unexpected, revival of negligence theory in American tort law in the last twenty years of the twentieth century.
The Protestant Reformation on the Biblical Canon and the Apocrypha
Authors: Bray Gerald
Published: November 2024

The Protestant reformers inherited the biblical canon of the medieval church but resurrected the ancient dispute between Augustine and Jerome as to what belonged in the Old Testament. Following the latter, they adopted the Hebrew canon as authoritative and relegated the remaining books to secondary status. This reopened controversy with Roman Catholics, particularly as the reformers were not prepared to base any doctrine on these so-called apocryphal texts. Even so, both Luther and Calvin had a high opinion of at least some of these apocryphal books, and on occasion even appealed to them as authoritative. Nevertheless, the development of confessional positions reiterated the superior status of the Hebrew canon and confirmed the practice of downgrading or omitting the Apocrypha that would become the norm in most Protestant churches.
The Visual Culture of Reformation Bibles
Authors: Davis David J.
Published: November 2024

This chapter surveys the visual culture of Reformation Bibles in Europe. It places the visual culture within the larger context of Protestant reforms and the history of the book, highlighting the important role that images played in the dramatic religious changes unfolding in Europe. The visual culture of the Bible offered the reader objects of meditation and devotion, aids in study and worship, guides to understanding, and even defense against idolatry. Far from being merely formulaic reiterations of Renaissance art or medieval illumination, the visual culture of Reformation Bibles renegotiated and reinvigorated the traditional images of Scripture, providing a bevy of new readings of all-too-familiar stories. This chapter will demonstrate that biblical images not only were active instruments in this religious drama but they also provided a cultural bridge of common iconography that connected Protestants and Catholics together.
Translating the Hungarian Protestant Bible
Authors: Ács Pál
Published: November 2024

The Protestant Reformation led to the Hungarian Bible translation—the Vizsoly Bible, published in 1590—which is still the most widely used version of the Scripture in Hungary. The linguistically and philologically astute work overshadows its predecessors, the sometimes stumbling and rudimentary medieval translations, starting with the so-called Hussite Bible, the pioneering and exciting Bibles of the Erasmian humanists, and the early Protestant reformers. The success of the Vizsoly Bible nonetheless obscures the long, difficult, and pitfall-laden path by which Hungarian language—which was pushed out of school education until the modern era—by the end of the sixteenth century, became suitable for the precise and artistic translation of the entire Bible. This chapter traces this controversial process. The pioneering work of sixteenth-century Bible translators—even though they primarily had religious aims—contributed to the unique flourishing of Hungarian literary language and to the development of Renaissance literature in Hungarian.
Vernacular Bible Reading and Translation in the Confessional Era (c.1550–1750)
Authors: François Wim
Published: November 2024

This chapter deals with vernacular Bibles produced among Catholics and Protestants of various denominations and currents in the Confessional era. It takes as a time span the period between 1550 and 1750 since the main Bibles continue to display particular confessional characteristics for the entire period under consideration. The chapter gives an extensive overview of the main Protestant and Catholic translations in three linguistic areas in Europe, namely Germany, England, and France. And although various confessional groups tended to borrow from each other’s translations, they were keen to include their own theological accents, not only in very particular passages of text—as the chapter illustrates—but even more so in paratextual elements, such as prologues, summaries above the chapters, and marginal notes. The approach deployed in this chapter can easily be extended to other confessionally divided regions in Europe.
Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt and the Supremacy of Scripture
Authors: Johnson Anna Marie
Published: November 2024

Karlstadt’s interpretation of Scripture focused on the Bible as the source of God’s law, especially for worship and a godly society. While Karlstadt was influenced by Erasmus’s spiritualized interpretation of the book of Hebrews, his spiritualism never denied the necessity of the external word. Karlstadt adopted a spiritual understanding of this presence and read the references in 1 Corinthians 10 to participation in Christ through the sacrament as a spiritual fellowship, not a partaking of Christ’s body. He later diverged from the view of Huldrych Zwingli in his reading of the Words of Institution. Karlstadt read this story and others typologically, influenced especially by the typological reading of Christ in the letter to the Hebrews. In his reading of the Last Supper, Karlstadt’s emphasis was on Christ’s sacrifice on the cross, which was prefigured by Old Testament sacrifices and the words of the prophets.
The Scriptural Understanding of Matthias Flacius Illyricus
Authors: Ilić Luka
Published: November 2024

The Croatian-born second-generation theologian Matthias Flacius Illyricus has left an indelible mark on the development of biblical hermeneutics and to this day he is considered to be a pioneer in this field. After briefly presenting his personal and professional background, this article focuses on some of Flacius’s most important works concerning biblical interpretation. His 1567 work, The Key to the Sacred Scripture, is discussed alongside Glossa Compendiaria, which was first published in 1570. Flacius’s main hermeneutical method and propositions are thereby presented. The importance of the doctrine of original sin and its connection to hermeneutics in Flacius’s theology are furthermore analyzed.
Contested Hermeneutics between William Fulke and the Rhemish Testament
Authors: Gebarowski-Shafer Ellie
Published: November 2024

Among a host of biblical exegetes during the European Reformation period, William Fulke stands out as an accomplished contributor to the English theological landscape. A Protestant Cambridge divine called upon to answer the Roman Catholic Rheims New Testament, Fulke applied skills gained in his varied background in biblical studies, science, and the law. Fulke’s refutation reprinted the entire text and annotations of the Latin Vulgate-based Rheims translation, his detailed replies to most of the commentary sections and the Bishops’ Bible in parallel columns with the Catholic-translated text. Fulke’s New Testament became a scriptural version in its own right, reprinted many times and guiding readers through detailed arguments against Catholic teachings such as the celibacy of priests and the existence of Purgatory. Applying a lifetime of interdisciplinary knowledge, Fulke created a work of impressive scholarship while defending Protestant England’s religious and social changes as grounded in correct biblical teaching.
Jacques Lefèvre d’Etaples (c.1460–1536)
Authors: Schönau Christoph
Published: November 2024

The chapter takes up the theme of the Bible in the Reformation by addressing conceptual and “Reformation” features of Lefèvre’s commentaries, translations, and writings. At the same time, it recalls the significant conflicts that influenced the reception of this French humanist. In the piety-historical contexts of a Parisian monastery and a reformist circle in Meaux, the writings that were decisive for the early Reformation period in France were written.
Johannes Oecolampadius (1482–1531)
Authors: Poythress Diane M.
Published: November 2024

Johannes Oecolampadius turned the key that opened Reformed hermeneutics. Uniquely he introduced into Basel, Switzerland presbyteries and elders, a Reformed liturgy, the mature development of covenant, a Reformed Communion, and a revised liturgy. He debated Luther at Marburg, assisted Erasmus with the 1516 Greek NT, and was the forerunner for much of John Calvin’s thoughts. This chapter on his Reformation hermeneutics highlights his controlling purpose, sola Scriptura methodology, christocentric emphasis, and use of grammar, original languages, and extra-biblical resources. His faithful exegesis of Scripture remains exemplary for scholars today.
Johannes Bugenhagen (1485–1558)
Authors: Lohrmann Martin J.
Published: November 2024

Johannes Bugenhagen read all of Scripture as testifying to the difference between the goodness that comes from trusting God and the harm that results when God is not first in people’s lives. This exegetical conviction about the importance of faith exemplified key insights of the Wittenberg Reformation such as justification by faith alone, the relationship between law and gospel, the theology of the cross, and the relationship between faith and good works. These interpretive priorities are visible across Bugenhagen’s career in biblical commentaries and in other writings like his influential church orders. Even as the teachings themselves are highly consistent with those of his more famous colleagues Luther and Melanchthon, Bugenhagen’s unique pastoral and theological voice comes through in his publications. Bugenhagen’s enduring work as an exegete and an organizer testifies to his conviction that there is nothing more biblical than the redemption and sanctification of daily life.
Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556)
Authors: Otto Sean A.
Published: November 2024

Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556), despite producing a paucity of scriptural commentaries, is probably the man most responsible for the expansion of scriptural knowledge among English-speaking laity through his liturgical and homiletic works, especially the former, which continues to influence millions of Christians. Under the influence of humanists like Erasmus, as well as the Continental reformers, Cranmer’s own theology and understanding of Scripture became increasingly Reformed, developing around three main themes. First, the authority of Scripture is based on its nature as the word of God, so that Scripture is its own best interpreter and is the sole foundation for Christian doctrine. Second, the Holy Spirit has a role in illuminating the reader of Scripture; divine assistance is key to understanding the Bible and to following its commandments. Following from this is the third theme, the transformational nature of Scripture, which works on the hearts and minds of those who encounter it.
William Tyndale (c.1494–1536)
Authors: Fabiny Tibor
Published: November 2024

William Tyndale (1494?–1536), Bible translator, polemicist, and martyr, was the first man to translate and publish the New Testament from the original Greek and most of the books of the Old Testament from Hebrew. Though Tyndale was not a systematic theologian, his biblical commentaries The Exposition of the First Epistle of Saint John (1531) and An Exposition upon the v. vi. vii. Chapter of Matthew (1528) are permeated with both implicit and explicit theological assumptions. Like Luther, Tyndale also rejected allegory and elevated the literal sense of Scripture in his interpretive approach. Nevertheless, Tyndale’s literal sense proved complex, preserving the typological or figural sense of Scripture at the same time. His original notion concerning the “process of the text” anticipated modern insights concerning the text and meaning.
Wolfgang Musculus (1497–1563)
Authors: Ballor Jordan J.
Published: November 2024

Wolfgang Musculus (1497–1560) was one of the most significant and prolific Reformed commentators on the Bible in the sixteenth century. Musculus’s background in the Benedictine order was formative for his approach to the relationship between Scripture and the Christian life, but after his embrace of Protestantism his lifelong focus on the Bible took the form of a large body of published work. His first commentary was published in 1544, and he would author works on sixteen different biblical books over ten separately published volumes. The order of his exegetical works closely followed a model proposed by his friend and fellow reformer Martin Bucer (1491–1551). Once Musculus began his exegetical labors, he continued them throughout the remainder of his career. His exegetical approach is characterized by a comprehensive and copious style, and his commentaries were renowned in the Reformed tradition for centuries.
Katharina Schütz Zell (c.1498–1562)
Authors: McKee Elsie Anne
Published: November 2024

Katharina Schütz Zell of Strasbourg, a woman of artisan background who had never been a nun and knew only the vernacular, was a first-generation Protestant student and teacher of the Bible. She found new and liberating understanding of it through Luther’s writings. By her marriage to reformer Matthew Zell she gained access to daily conversation with scholars. Throughout her adult life she produced texts in many genres which demonstrate her remarkable knowledge of Scripture and basic theology. These include pastoral letters (1524, 1558); catechetical, homiletical, and devotional writings (1532, 1534, 1548, 1548–50); and polemical and historical texts (1524, 1553, 1557). Schütz Zell was the most prolific lay writer of religious texts of the first generation of the Protestant movement. Basing her claim to authority on her knowledge of the Bible, she demonstrated how much a lay person could know and how aptly one could apply the Bible.
Theodore Beza (1519–1605)
Authors: Summers Kirk
Published: November 2024

Theodore Beza (1519–1605) contributed to the elucidation of the Bible in the sixteenth century through a combination of superb philological skills and deep piety informed by his commitment to Genevan reform. He was the foremost advocate of the “logical analysis” method for interpreting Scripture, paving the way with his New Testament annotations for other commentators. He believed strongly that a careful Latin translation would encourage the international Christian community to speak with one voice about the text of God’s Word. To this end he issued five major editions of a New Testament translation that improved upon the work of Erasmus and Castellio. In translating, he followed strict principles aimed at remaining true to the intent of the Holy Spirit. As a humanist who appreciated the power of poetry, Beza also brought a visual element to his reading of the Bible that sets him apart from his peers.
The Decalogue during the Reformation (Exod. 34:28; Deut. 10:4)
Authors: Clifford Hywel
Published: November 2024

The Ten Commandments (hereafter Decalogue) declare concise yet comprehensive human duties towards God and between humans. After outlining the Decalogue’s variable medieval use, this chapter deploys its twofold structure to consider Reformation-era interpretations of its commands regarding worship (the first table) and society (the second table). Between these, the role of the Decalogue in Reformation discourses about salvation (the uses of the law) is discussed. Reformation legacies are then outlined through comparison between these early and late modern treatments of the Decalogue. It is argued that the Protestant reformers revisited and reshaped problematic aspects of medieval faith and practice by means of the Decalogue, and that an insistent biblicism is key to making sense of their impact. The Protestant Reformation(s) enabled the Decalogue’s prominence, and in turn its pervasive influence, in modernity.
Baptism (Matt. 28:19–20; Mark 16:15–16)
Authors: Stjerna Kirsi
Published: November 2024

Notwithstanding the disruptions that resulted from the sixteenth-century reformations, Christians continued the ancient practice of baptism, mostly on the basis of Jesus’ command, promise, and personal example, as interpreted from the Gospels. Conclusions from such key texts as Matt. 28:19–20 manifested distinct theological emphases and contextual factors. Regarding the function, impact, and proper practice of baptism, the reformers sought for solid biblical grounding while needing to reposition themselves carefully in relation to both the Catholic Church and emerging other Protestant traditions. Theological arguments about salvation and the human condition, and of the function of the sacrament as an effective means of grace or as a sign of faith, shadowed in the background of the disputes over the validity of adult baptism versus infant baptism. The sixteenth-century reformers set paths for Christian communities to continue baptism with differently argued rationales and rituals.
Righteousness (Rom. 1:17)
Authors: Jammerthal Tobias
Published: November 2024

This chapter presents an overview on different Reformation approaches to the question of divine and human righteousness. Romans commentaries by Martin Luther, Philip Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Jean Calvin as well as Counter-Reformation approaches are examined. Paying attention to the exegesis of Rom. 1:17, the chapter argues that Luther and Melanchthon argued for a sharp differentiation between human and divine righteousness, whereas Bucer and Calvin opted for a more extensive view on justification. All Reformation theologians emerge as advocating a forensic, imputative understanding of at least parts of justification rather than the effective understanding found in Counter-Reformation texts. Overall, righteousness figured prominently in Reformation-time Romans commentaries.
Cardinal Cisneros, Desiderius Erasmus, and the Polyglot Bible
Authors: Rummel Erika
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses Erasmus’s understanding of the textual tradition, his project of editing the New Testament text and Johann Froben’s role in it, and his use of manuscripts and the five editions published during his lifetime. It also touches on the reception of his work in Spain, in particular the opposition to his textual criticism and the polemics with Spanish critics (Stunica, Nebrija, and Valladolid articles). Erasmus’s contacts with Cisneros and his awareness of the Polyglot project will be explored. The chapter further discusses Cisneros’s interest in the biblical languages, the preparations for the Polyglot project. This includes collecting manuscripts and assembling a team of scholars, the principles of the edition, reasons for the delayed publication of the Polyglot, and its reception. In the end, textual criticism of the Bible, launched by Italian humanists and advanced by the enterprise of Erasmus and Cisneros, became integrated into theological studies.
The English Bible before the Reformation
Authors: Barr Beth Allison , Marvel Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

The Bible revolution wrought by the Reformation among ordinary Christians began with the medieval world. From the development of physical Bibles throughout Europe (available to clergy and laity) which created many features still found in modern print Bibles, to the long history of the English Bible, to the rise of a thriving medieval book market for vernacular Scripture, and even to the clerical emphasis on teaching Scripture (especially through sermons), this essay shows how medieval Christianity laid a solid foundation for the Reformation emphasis on sola Scriptura. The medieval Catholic Church, in other words, never banned vernacular Bibles in a comprehensive nor consistent manner—as evidenced by the extraordinary popularity of the so-called Wycliffite Bible. Thus, contrary to modern stereotypes, medieval vernacular translations of the Bible were accepted by ecclesiastical authorities and familiar to laity during the pre-Reformation era.
Resting metabolic rate in obesity
Authors: Huang LingHong , Guo ZhiFeng , Jiang ZhengRong , Xu YaJing , Huang HuiBin
Published: November 2024

The prevalence of obesity has continued to rise, and obesity and its attendant metabolic disorders are major global health threat factors. Among the current interventions for obesity, none have demonstrated sustained efficacy in achieving long-term outcomes. So, the identification of therapeutic targets is of paramount importance in the advancement and sustainability of obesity. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) constitutes 60%–75% of total energy expenditure and serves a crucial function in maintaining energy balance. Nevertheless, there exists considerable heterogeneity in RMR among individuals. Low RMR is associated with weight gain, elevating the susceptibility to obesity-related ailments. Hence, RMR will be the main focus of interest in the study of obesity treatment. In this review, we will elucidate the influence factors and mechanisms of action of RMR in obesity, with particular emphasis on the effects of obesity treatment on RMR and the alterations and influence factors of RMR in special types of populations with obesity.
Bupivacaine vs Bupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine for the Caudal Epidural Block as an Adjuvant to General Anesthesia in Lumbosacral Surgeries
Authors: Abdulshakour Abdulazeem Salma Ayman , Abdelfattah Sayed Amr Mohammed , Hussein Khalil Mostafa Mansour , Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Abdelwareth
Published: November 2024

Background

A caudal epidural block can be incorporated as a part of multimodal analgesia for lumbosacral spine surgeries. Utilizing a combination of different analgesic modalities, achieving better pain relief, sparing opioids and decreasing their adverse effects, it is a simple and safe technique that can be easily performed under fluoroscopy in the prone position. Using an optimal analgesic regimen provides safe and effective analgesia, reduces postoperative pain, and accelerates recovery from surgery.

Aim of the Work

to compare the effectiveness and safety of Bupivacaine vs. Bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine in the fluoroscopy-guided caudal epidural block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lumbosacral surgeries combined with general anesthesia.

Patients and Methods

The study was conducted on 60 randomly chosen patients in Ain Shams University Hospitals after approval of the medical ethical committee. Patients were divided randomly into two groups; each group consisted of 30 patients.

Results

revealed that Fluoroscopy-guided caudal epidural block using Bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine provided significantly prolonged postoperative analgesia and reduced the postoperative analgesic requirements as compared with Bupivacaine only in patients undergoing lumbosacral surgeries and demonstrated that both analgesic techniques are safe.

Conclusion

Bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine provided significantly prolonged postoperative analgesia and reduced the postoperative analgesic requirements as compared with Bupivacaine alone in patients undergoing lumbosacral surgeries under general anesthesia and also demonstrated that both analgesic drugs are safe.
Assessment of Depressive Symptoms and Coping Patterns in a Sample of Mothers of ADHD Children
Authors: Hamed Marwa Abdel Meguid , Mahmoud Dalia Abdel Moneim , Elabd Esraa Fakhry Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

Background

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children and adults.

Aim and Objectives

To identify the rate of occurrence and severity of depressive symptoms in a sample of mothers with children having ADHD and to assess different coping strategies with stress used by those mothers.

Subjects and Methods

This cross sectional comparative study was conducted on 100 mothers. The study sample collected from the outpatient clinic of child psychiatry, Okasha Institute of psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospital and rehabilitation unit, and the outpatient clinic of child psychiatry at El-Maamoura Psychiatric Hospital (during the proposed study period from September 2021 to the first of March 2022).

Result

Mothers of ADHD children had higher levels of depressive symptoms than the control group. There was statistically significant difference between the score of less useful in mild depressed Mean ±SD (35.29±4.23), moderate depressed Mean ±SD (34.71 ± 4.57) non-depressed mothers Mean ± SD (25.90±5.17). There was statistically significant relation between Beck Score and hyperactive and combined ADHD types. While there was no statistically significant relation between Beck Score and inattentive ADHD type. There was no statistically significant difference between the score of problem focused, emotional focused and humor in depressed and non- depressed mothers.

Conclusion

The depressive complaints of the mothers of the study sample were higher than the controls. There was statistically significant positive correlation between severity of depression and some coping styles.
ADC Value of Optic Nerve in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ghanem Esraa Raafat Ahmed Ahmed , Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa , Luka Amir Louis
Published: November 2024

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest non-traumatic disabling disease to affect young adults. The incidence of MS is increasing worldwide, together with the socioeconomic impact of the disease. The underlying cause of MS and mechanisms behind this increase remain opaque, although complex gene–environment interactions almost certainly play a significant role.

Aim of the Work

To investigate diffusion alteration by measuring ADC values in optic nerve in multiple sclerosis in comparison to the healthy controls. The ADC values of optic nerve may have potential for MS patients as it predict the patients at risk of optic nerve disease and assess the long term effect of MS on optic nerve.

Patients and Methods

This study is a retrospective study. The study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals over a course of 8 months from December 2022 to July 2023 and the main source of data for this study was the archived MRI imaging of the patients referred to the department of Radiology, Ain Shams University Hospitals.

Results

Our study included a heterogeneous group of adult patients older than 18 years old. Male patients= 50 (33.8%) and female patients= 98 (66.2%). Multiple sclerosis was found to be associated with risk of optic nerve disease and atrophy due to axonal loss as presented by facilitated diffusion of optic nerve indicated by increase of mean ADC value in MS patients as compared to optic nerve of normal controls. It was found that there is positive correlation between disease duration and optic nerve affection, The mean value of disease duration was found to be 6.18 +/- 5.29 years ranged from 1 to 26 years, Although it was statistically significant weak positive correlation yet it was a good indication to put eye upon the optic nerve affection in MS patients regardless of their clinical presentation, suggesting subclinical optic neuritis in MS.

Conclusion

Changes detected in ADC value of optic nerve could be helpful in early detection of subclinical optic neuritis even before it presented clinically, this necessitate some modifications in the treatment strategies to prevent or even delay the possibility of optic nerve axonal damage.
Impact of age, race, and medication use on efficacy endpoints in a randomized controlled trial of topical sildenafil cream for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder
Authors: Johnson Isabella , Thurman Andrea Ries , Cornell Katherine A , Dart Clint , Hatheway Jessica , Friend David R , Goldstein Andrew
Published: November 2024

Background

A study of topical Sildenafil Cream 3.6% was completed among healthy premenopausal women with female sexual arousal disorder.

Aims

To compare efficacy endpoints based on product use in pre-planned and post-hoc subsets of age, race, and medication use.

Methods

Phase 2b, exploratory, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% among healthy premenopausal women with female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD). Eligible participants were randomized 1:1 to Sildenafil versus Placebo Cream and used investigational product for 12 weeks.

Outcomes

The co-primary efficacy endpoints were the change from baseline, at week 12, in the Arousal Sensation (AS) domain of the Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ28) and Question 14 (Q14) of the Female Sexual Distress Scale – Desire, Arousal, Orgasm (FSDS-DAO). The secondary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline at week 12 in the mean number of satisfactory sexual events (SSEs) reported in a daily diary. Exploratory efficacy endpoints included the Desire and Orgasm domains of the SFQ28.

Results

Age group (≥18 years and ≤ 45 years versus >45 years), race group (White versus non-White), and baseline use/non-use of hormonal contraception did not significantly affect the co-primary endpoints of the SFQ28 AS domain and FSDS-DAO Q14 (P values >0.11). Non-White Sildenafil Cream users had an increase in SSEs at week 12 (0.7 ± 0.63) while non-white Placebo Cream users reported a decrease (−1.5 ± 0.58) (P = .02). Daily psychiatric medication use among women assigned to either Placebo or Sildenafil Cream resulted in lower SFQ28 Desire domain scores compared to non-users of these medications. Women who used study product only in un-partnered events had a larger improvement in their SFQ28 Orgasm domain scores at week 12 (2.39 ± 0.95) with Sildenafil Cream use compared to Placebo (−0.19 ± 0.75) (P = .06). Non-White women represented a higher proportion of un-partnered women and women who used IP only during un-partnered sexual events compared to White women (P < .01).

Clinical Implications

These pre-planned subset analyses will help refine target populations in future studies of Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% for the treatment of FSAD.

Strengths and Limitations

Subset analyses focused on variables pertinent to future target populations. The current study population was primarily educated non-Hispanic White women.

Conclusion

Age and hormonal contraceptive use did not impact the efficacy of topical Sildenafil Cream. Daily psychiatric medication use decreased sexual desire in active and placebo users.
Uncovering protein regulation during adventitious root formation in Platycladus orientalis cuttings
Authors: Liao Ting , Wang Ye , Guo Liqin , Zhao Shiwei , Cao Jun , Li Na , Zhao Jinzhe , Zhang Xiaoning , Liu Guobin
Published: November 2024

Cell totipotency and pluripotency are the cellular basis for root regeneration in Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco cuttings, and the regeneration of adventitious roots is a key determinant for improving stem-cutting. However, the cellular basis and physiological regulation of adventitious root formation are still ambiguous. In this research, root primordia initiation and organogenesis were histologically observed, dynamic alterations in soluble proteins were monitored, and tandem mass tag protein profiling during adventitious root development was carried out. It was explicitly shown that the root primordium primarily originated from undifferentiated xylem cells for indirect (callus) rooting and from dividing cells in the cortex for direct (cortex) rooting. During the entire process of adventitious root development, the activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase peaked, and the activity of indole acetic acid oxidase decreased during the prophase of adventitious root formation in both the direct and indirect rooting, suggesting the positive regulation of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidas and the negative regulation of indole acetic acid oxidase during adventitious root initiation. Compared with those of indirect rooting, the relatively greater activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidas and lower activity of indole acetic acid oxidase were related to direct rooting and the number of adventitious roots. A total of 4265 proteins were identified from the base of the cuttings, of which 343, 236 and 37 proteins were highly expressed before treatment, in root primordia induction to adventitious root formation, and adventitious root elongation stages, respectively. Through hierarchical cluster analysis, 23 peroxidase and endogenous hormone regulatory proteins were screened and obtained. These included 10 peroxidases, 1 auxin regulatory protein, 3 ABA regulatory proteins, 2 jasmonic acid regulatory proteins and 3 gibberellin regulatory proteins, which were highly expressed during the late cutting period. Finally, a hypothetical model of the regulatory network of the differential proteins involved in adventitious root formation in P. orientalis was constructed.
Investigation of the effectiveness and molecular mechanisms of thiamin priming to control early blight disease in potato
Authors: Berrian Trenton W. , Fabian Matthew L. , Rogan Conner J. , Anderson Jeffrey C. , Clarke Christopher R. , Goyer Aymeric J.
Published: November 2024

In several plant species, thiamin foliar application primes plant immunity and can be effective in controlling various diseases. However, the effectiveness of thiamin against potato pathogens has seldom been investigated. Additionally, the transcriptomics and metabolomics of immune priming by thiamin have not previously been investigated. Here, we tested the effect of thiamin application against Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight in potato, and identified associated changes in gene expression and metabolite content. Thiamin applied on foliage at an optimal concentration of 10 mM reduced lesion size by ~33%. However, prevention of lesion growth was temporally limited, as a reduction of lesion size occurred when leaves were inoculated 4 h, but not 24 h, following thiamin treatment. Additionally, the effect of thiamin on lesion size was restricted to the application site and was not systemic. RNA-seq analysis showed that thiamin affected the expression of 308 genes involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid, secondary metabolites, fatty acid, chitin, and primary metabolism, and photosynthesis, which were also amongst the thousands of genes differentially regulated in the response to pathogen alone. Several of these genes and pathways were more differentially expressed and enriched when thiamin and the pathogen were combined. Thiamin also delayed the downregulation of photosynthesis-associated genes in plants inoculated with A. solani. Metabolite analyses revealed that thiamin treatment in the absence of pathogen decreased the amounts of several organic compounds involved in the citric acid cycle. We hypothesize that thiamin primes plant defenses through perturbation of primary metabolism.
Emergency Department Visits Following Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Gouzoulis Michael J. , Yang Ally , Joo Peter Y. , Kaszuba Stephanie V. , Frumberg David , Grauer Jonathan N.
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures are common and the most frequent pediatric fracture to require surgical intervention. After initial management, emergency department (ED) visits subsequent to this injury/surgery are not well characterized, but are of clinical interest.

Methods:

Pediatric patients (age >1 ​​​​​​y old and <13 y old) with supracondylar humerus fractures were identified from the 2010 to 2021 PearlDiver M157 administrative database. These patients were stratified based on whether they visited the emergency department at least once within 90 days after their initial injury diagnosis/management. The timing of visits and reasons were determined, and predictive factors were assessed with multivariate logistical regression.

Results:

A total of 92,994 fractures were identified for which post-injury/post-operative ED visits were noted for 10,325 patients (11.1%). Nearly half of all ED visits occurred within the 2 weeks immediately after the fracture (46.1%), of which 54.7% of visits were not directly related to the elbow. On multivariate analysis, patients who utilized the ED after initial management of pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture were of greater odds ratio (OR) in decreasing order to have: had a history of ED visits before their initial injury (OR: 2.69), be diabetic (OR: 1.81), had surgical intervention for their fracture (OR:1.58), be obese (OR: 1.57), have asthma (OR:1.55), have Medicaid insurance (OR: 1.29), and be younger (OR: 1.11 per year decrease) (P<0.001 for all).

Discussion:

In the 90 days after pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture, more than 1 in 10 patients visited the ED. This data highlight the need for close following of such patients after their injury/surgery and suggests risk factors for which patients such quality improvement measures should be focused.

Level of Evidence:

III.
Retinacular Plication for the Treatment of Posterior Tibial Tendon Impingement in Total Ankle Replacement—A Technique Tip
Authors: Kvarda Peter , Shepherd David , Schneider Tim
Published: November 2024

Total ankle replacement has become the standard treatment for end-stage ankle osteoarthritis, but complications like posterior tibial tendon impingement can occur, affecting long-term success. The presented technique involves reinforcing retinacular tissues around the tendon to create a protective barrier between the tendon and prosthetic components. The procedure is discussed in detail, emphasizing careful assessment, surgical steps, and considerations for tensioning. While this technique offers a novel solution to soft tissue impingement, its limitations and the need for long-term outcomes assessment are acknowledged. In conclusion, retinacular plication may help address posterior tibial tendon impingement after total ankle replacement, but meticulous surgical technique and patient-specific planning are essential for favorable results.

Level of Evidence: Level Ⅴ.
Mitapivat (AG-348): a groundbreaking treatment paradigm for pyruvate kinase deficiency and beyond
Authors: Shakeel Laiba , Munsab Rabbia , Hussain Hassan Ul , Akilimali Aymar
Published: November 2024

Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder affecting glycolysis in red blood cells (RBCs), poses significant challenges in clinical practice due to its varied symptoms and limited treatment options. Mitapivat (AG-348), a novel quinolone sulfonamide, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, for hemolytic hereditary anemias, particularly PK deficiency. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, prevalence, clinical manifestations, and traditional treatment modalities of PK deficiency before delving into the mechanism of action and clinical efficacy of Mitapivat. Through comprehensive analysis of phase 3 randomized trials and subsequent studies, Mitapivat’s ability to increase PK-R activity, stabilize RBC metabolism, and improve hemoglobin levels is highlighted. Moreover, its favorable safety profile and potential long-term benefits are discussed, along with comparisons to previous treatment approaches. Furthermore, the paper underscores the need for continued research to evaluate Mitapivat’s long-term efficacy, safety, and accessibility, as well as its potential application in other hemolytic anemias. Overall, Mitapivat represents a significant advancement in the management of PK deficiency and holds promise for improving the quality of life for affected individuals worldwide.
Dermal Substitute Integra for the Treatment of Mammalian Bite Injuries of Nose: a New Reconstructive Ladder
Authors: Mataro Ilaria , D’Antonio Santolo , D’Alessio Matteo , Petroccione Carlo , D’Angelo Dario , La Padula Simone , D’Alessio Roberto , Avvedimento Stefano
Published: November 2024

Background:

Bite injuries affecting the nose are uncommon occurrences characterized by their intricate nature and potential for severe complications. These injuries, inflicted by animals such as dogs and cats, and occasionally by humans, often result in traumatic nasal defects, with the lower third of the nose being the most affected area. Current reconstructive options for nasal defects include full-thickness skin grafts, local or regional flaps, and composite grafts. The traditional reconstructive ladder serves as a valuable guide for surgeons, outlining a continuum of treatment options from simpler to more complex interventions. Advancements in reconstructive technologies, such as the introduction of dermal substitutes, have reshaped the decision-making process, ushering in a new era of facial reconstruction.

Methods:

In this context, dermal substitutes have emerged as promising adjuncts in nasal reconstruction, drawing from their success in burn surgery. Notably, the bilayered dermal substitute Integra has demonstrated efficacy in promoting wound healing and facilitating tissue regeneration. By harnessing the regenerative potential of Integra, plastic surgeons can address specific nasal defects arising from bite injuries with greater precision and improved outcomes.

Results:

This study aims to present a case series of patients with bite injuries to the nose, showcasing the successful application of Integra dermal substitute in conjunction with secondary full-thickness skin grafting.

Conclusions:

Through a retrospective analysis of patient demographics, injury characteristics, surgical interventions, and postoperative outcomes, we seek to underscore the utility of this combined approach in achieving optimal functional and aesthetic results. We aim to contribute to the evolving paradigm of nasal reconstruction.
Illuminating power dynamics that influenced a relational coordination program in a tertiary hospital: An institutional ethnography study
Authors: McLean Darren , Connor Martin , Marshall Andrea P. , McMurray Anne , Jones Liz
Published: November 2024

Background

Amidst the difficulty and contentiousness of improving hospitals, a relatively new approach is the Relational Model of Organizational Change (RMOC). However, this approach has its own challenges, including reports that its focus on communication and relationships is undervalued despite evidence supporting its use to facilitate practice improvements in hospitals. Research suggests power dynamics in hospitals influences how the RMOC is used, but the precise mechanisms through which this occurs have not been fully examined.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine how power dynamics shaped the implementation of a program using the RMOC in a hospital: the QPH RC Program.

Methodology

Institutional ethnography was applied to explicate textually mediated ruling relations (power dynamics) and examine how they exerted their influence on the QPH RC Program. This involved interviewing people and analyzing texts embedded in work processes that organized the implementation of the program.

Results

The QPH RC Program was embedded in a cluster of ruling relations comprising an economic rationalist and scientific discourse and project management methodology. These ruling relations exerted their power via textually mediated social processes that influenced the focus and management of the program.

Conclusion

The ruling relations functioned to align the QPH RC Program with the priorities of the hospital, suggesting that financial objectives were prioritized over objectives to improve communication or culture.

Practice Implications

Future research and practice change should include investigating and addressing the intersection of institutional contexts and the application of the RMOC to facilitate practice improvements in health care organizations, particularly hospitals.
Workplace violence: Insights from nurses’ lived experiences
Authors: Orewa Gregory N. , Ajaiyeoba Ifeyimika O. , Edevbie Nero , White Marla L.
Published: November 2024

Background

Workplace violence (WPV) against nurses is a growing concern within the health care industry, contributing to increased stress, burnout, and higher staff turnover.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the experiences of nurses with WPV and examine the scope and impact of this violence based on nurse’s recollections.

Methodology/Approach

Using qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis and the job demands–resources framework, we examined patterns in nurses’ experiences of WPV. Our analysis (N = 401) of nurses’ accounts from diverse sources—patients, colleagues, and supervisors across various locations and health care settings—provides deep insights into WPV dynamics.

Results

Four main themes were identified: (a) it comes with the job—patient and family violence are normal, (b) a vulnerability in nurse safety, (c) sexual harassment, and (d) poor treatment within the organization.

Conclusion

WPV against nurses is a deeply ingrained issue that impacts their psychological health and job performance. A stark need for health care systems to address and mitigate WPV is evident.

Practice Implications

There are clear signals that health care organizations need to implement comprehensive strategies to prevent WPV, foster a safe and supportive work environment, and equip nurses with job resources to manage the high stress of their roles.
Biosimilars vs. originators
Authors: Hughes Elizabeth , Tymkiw Sharon , Vuckovic Karen M.
Published: November 2024

Biosimilars can potentially increase patient treatment options, allowing access to expensive biologic medications. As frontline caregivers, nurses are uniquely positioned to educate patients on their safety and effectiveness. This article discusses biosimilars and standard terms, their development process, and strategies for nurses to provide effective patient education about these medications.
Molecular testing and precision oncology
Authors: Burkett Melissa Styan
Published: November 2024

Targeted therapy has emerged as a promising option in cancer treatment, driven by advances in the understanding of DNA changes and the molecular basis of cancer. This article provides an overview of next-generation sequencing and types of genetic alterations, common cancer biomarkers, a review of circulating tumor DNA testing and its applications for oncology treatments, how to read a genomic testing report, examples of targeted therapy for cancer pathologic variants and tumor markers, and the implications for nursing practice in this emerging field.