bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation of higher order modes from circular ducts with flow
Authors: Ford Courtney , Pereira Antonio , Bailly Christophe
Published: May 2023

This work aims to predict the transfer function of a given modal content inside a circular duct with a bellmouth inlet in the presence of a mean flow. The transfer function is the relation in amplitude and phase between a given mode inside the duct and an observer located in the far-field. The numerical solution is obtained by finite element simulation in which the mean flow is input data. Verification is provided by comparison to the analytical solution of an unbaffled circular duct with uniform flow. Influence from various parameters such as the geometry and mean Mach number on the radiated pressure field is investigated. The analytical solution is a good approximation for finding the radiated principal lobe, and the inlet geometry is found to be more important than other parameters such as mean flow when static inlet configuration is studied.
Optimal Investment of Defined Contribution Pension Based on Self-Protection and Minimum Security
Authors: WANG Lan , WANG Chuanyu , XUE Juan
Published: May 2023

This paper mainly studies the optimal investment problem of defined contribution (DC) pension under the self-protection and minimum security. First, we apply [see formula in PDF] theorem to obtain the differential equation of the real stock price after discounting inflation. Then, under the constraint of external guarantee of DC pension terminal wealth, self-protection is introduced to study the maximization of the expected utility of terminal wealth at retirement time and any time before retirement. The explicit solution of the optimal investment strategy of DC pension at retirement time and any time before retirement should be derived by martingale method. Finally, the influence of self-protection on the optimal investment strategy of DC pension is numerically analyzed.
Complex Traffic Scene Image Classification Based on Sparse Optimization Boundary Semantics Deep Learning
Authors: ZHOU Xiwei , WANG Huifeng , LI Saisai , PENG Haonan , WU Jianfeng
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of intelligent traffic information monitoring technology, accurate identification of vehicles, pedestrians and other objects on the road has become particularly important. Therefore, in order to improve the recognition and classification accuracy of image objects in complex traffic scenes, this paper proposes a segmentation method of semantic redefine segmentation using image boundary region. First, we use the SegNet semantic segmentation model to obtain the rough classification features of the vehicle road object, then use the simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) algorithm to obtain the over segmented area of the image, which can determine the classification of each pixel in each super pixel area, and then optimize the target segmentation of the boundary and small areas in the vehicle road image. Finally, the edge recovery ability of condition random field (CRF) is used to refine the image boundary. The experimental results show that compared with FCN-8s and SegNet, the pixel accuracy of the proposed algorithm in this paper improves by 2.33% and 0.57%, respectively. And compared with Unet, the algorithm in this paper performs better when dealing with multi-target segmentation.
Incidence of retained biopsy specimens after esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy
Authors: Toy Gregory , Colletier Keegan , Hale Gillian , Valentine John , Gawron Andrew J , Sossenheimer Michael , Peterson Kathryn , Aparicio Rodrigo , Fang John C
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims In gastrointestinal endoscopy, biopsies must transit through the accessory channel and cap, presenting an opportunity for loss of tissue. We sought to determine the incidence of specimen retention in the accessory channel or cap and identify procedure characteristics associated with specimen retention.

Patients and methods After completion of standard endoscopic procedures in which biopsies were obtained, the biopsy cap and accessory channel were inspected, brushed, and irrigated for any retained biopsy specimens according to a standard protocol. For controls, the same protocol was applied to procedures in which biopsies were not obtained. Specimen bottles from the recovery protocol were sent for pathological examination regardless of whether any visible tissue was present.

Results A total of 216 outpatient procedures were included: 55 esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) and 50 colonoscopies in which biopsies were obtained and 56 EGDs and 55 colonoscopies in the control group. Retained specimens were found in either the cap or channel in 50 of 105 (48%). In 20 of 105 (19%), retained specimens were found just in the cap, in six of 105 (5.7%), retained specimens were found just in the channel, while in 24 of 105 (23%), retained specimens were found in both the cap and channel. Retained specimens were more likely to be found in EGDs compared to colonoscopies (58% vs. 36%, P = 0.031). No retained specimens were found in the control group.

Conclusions Retained specimens are startingly common in standard gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures and could potentially change diagnoses and management. Quality improvement measures should be instituted to monitor prevalence of retained biopsies and methods to prevent them should be developed.
The Fish Bone Technique: An Innovative Approach for the Bony Nasal Pyramid
Authors: Martins Lessandro , Fagundes Marina Serrato Coelho , Koener Heloisa Nardi , Fakih-Gomez Nabil , D'Souza Alwyn R.
Published: May 2023

Among many contributions to the world of art and science, Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci created the technique known as sfumato. In this technique, da Vinci considered that the regions to be highlighted should be lit up, while the regions to be hidden should be darkened. Drawing parallel with the face, we can work on the anatomical structures underlying the skin and create a favorable surface anatomy for the entire face, including the nose. However, to achieve the ideal hourglass shape of the nose, the bones must be shaped, and a variety of osteotomies are described and used to achieve this. The new and innovative Fish Bone technique, described in this article, allows for the bony nasal pyramid to be shaped and adapted to the hourglass shape, resulting in a harmonious contour, with smooth transitions and preservation airway.
Risk Factors for Adverse Maternal Outcomes among Patients with Severe Preeclampsia Before 34 Weeks
Authors: Nisly Gabriela , Dillon Jacquelyn L. , Darling Alice , Myers Sabrena , Al Shibli Noor , Gatta Luke A. , West-Honart Annie , Wheeler Sarahn , Grace Matthew R. , Dotters-Katz Sarah K.
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to characterize rates of maternal morbidity associated with early (<34 wk) preeclampsia with severe features and to determine factors associated with developing these morbidities.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of patients with early preeclampsia with severe features at a single institution from 2013 to 2019. Inclusion criteria were admission between 23 and 34 weeks and diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe features. Maternal morbidity defined as death, sepsis, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute renal insufficiency (acute kidney injury [AKI]), postpartum (PP) dilation and curettage, PP hysterectomy, venous thromboembolism (VTE), PP hemorrhage (PPH), PP wound infection, PP endometritis, pelvic abscess, PP pneumonia, readmission, and/or need for blood transfusion. Death, ICU admission, VTE, AKI, PP hysterectomy, sepsis, and/or transfusion of >2 units were considered severe maternal morbidity (SMM). Simple statistics used to compare characteristics among patients experiencing any morbidity and those not. Poisson regression used to assess relative risks.

Results Of 260 patients included, 77 (29.6%) experienced maternal morbidity and 16 (6.2%) experienced severe morbidity. PPH (n = 46, 17.7%) was the most common morbidity, although 15 (5.8%) patients were readmitted, 16 (6.2%) needed a blood transfusion, and 14 (5.4%) had AKI. Patients who experienced maternal morbidity were more likely to be advanced maternal age, have preexisting diabetes, have multiples, and deliver nonvaginally (all ps < 0.05). Diagnosis of preeclampsia < 28 weeks or longer latency from diagnosis to delivery were not associated with increased maternal morbidity. In regression models, the relative risk of maternal morbidity remained significant for twins (adjusted odds ration [aOR]: 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67, 3.96) and preexisting diabetes (aOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.58), whereas attempted vaginal delivery was protective (aOR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.92).

Conclusion In this cohort, more than 1 in 4 patients diagnosed with early preeclampsia with severe features experienced maternal morbidity, whereas 1 in 16 patients experienced SMM. Twins and pregestational diabetes were associated with higher risk of morbidity, whereas attempted vaginal delivery was protective. These data may be helpful in promoting risk reduction and counseling patients diagnosed with early preeclampsia with severe features.

Key Points
In Vivo Antihyperuricemic Activities of 3,4,5-Tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4,4',6'-Trihydroxy-2'-Methoxychalcone, and Caffeic Acid from the Aerial Parts of Gnaphalium Affine
Authors: Jia An , Liu Fei , Fan Si-Yang
Published: May 2023

The extract of Gnaphalium affine has been reported to have antihyperuricemic and renal protective effects in vivo. The plant could alleviate acute hyperuricemia by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD). 3,4,5-Tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4,5-triCQA), 4,4',6'-trihydroxy-2'-methoxychalcone (Chal), and caffeic acid (CA) were identified as the main ingredients of the plant attributed to the potential to retard XOD activity. However, whether the compounds were the effective ingredient of the plant exerting antihyperuricemic activity remained largely unknown. In this study, an experimental mouse model of hyperuricemia was induced by potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine, and orally administered with 3,4,5-triCQA (10 and 20 mg/kg/d), Chal (20 and 40 mg/kg/d), and CA (40 and 80 mg/kg/d) for 6 consecutive days, respectively. Then, serum urate levels and liver XOD activities were assessed. The liver- or kidney-to body weight ratio was calculated. Allopurinol (AP, 50 mg/kg/d) and benzbromarone (BBR, 10 mg/kg/d) were used as controls. Our data showed that there were 52.7 to 81.0% inhibitions in XOD activities in mice treated with 3,4,5-TriCQA (10 and 20 mg/kg/d), Chal (20 and 40 mg/kg/d), and CA (80 mg/kg/d), and 38.8 to 72.5% reduction in uric acid levels in mice treated with 3,4,5-TriCQA (20 mg/kg/d), Chal (20 and 40 mg/kg/d), and CA (40 and 80 mg/kg/d). A larger kidney-to-body weight ratio was observed in hyperuricemic mice and further enhanced by AP treatment. However, the increasing trend was significantly reversed by additional treatment of 3,4,5-triCQA (10 and 20 mg/kg/d) and CA (40 mg/kg/d). Given the above fundings, 3,4,5-triCQA, Chal, and CA may be the key component responsible for the in vivo activities of G. affine for urate-lowering therapy and even promising agents for the treatment of hyperuricemia.
Synthesis and Impurity Research of 2-Thioadenosine Monohydrate
Authors: Xiang Jing-Jing , Jiang Bi-Bo , Sun Wen-Qing , Zhang Fu-Li , Yu Jun
Published: May 2023

2-Thioadenosine monohydrate (1) is a vital intermediate in the synthesis of cangrelor. However, its industrial-scale preparation process and the analysis of the impurities formed during this process remained largely unknown. Herein, cangrelor was synthesized from oxidate adenosine, and the key step involved in the synthesis of compound 1 from intermediate 5. The effects of key synthesis parameters that influenced the reaction, including reaction temperature and time, were discussed. Moreover, four process-related impurities were purified, synthesized, and identified via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The process can be utilized to produce 1 on a kilogram scale, with a high-performance liquid chromatography purity of 98.0%. The study sheds light on and helps drug manufacturers further understand the formation process of impurities in the preparation of cangrelor.
The Present Condition of Sickle Cell Disease: An Overview of Stem Cell Transplantation as a Cure
Authors: Hussain Md. Sadique , Chaturvedi Varunesh
Published: May 2023

Treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) remains largely palliative. While it can enhance living standards, persons having SCD still suffer from extreme sickling crises, end-organ destruction, and reduced life expectancy. Increasing research has resulted in the recognition and advancement of stem cell transplantation and gene therapy as possible solutions for SCDs. However, there have been various factors that have hindered their clinical application. The more advantageous of the two, stem cell transplantation, is constrained by a small donor pool, transplant difficulties, and eligibility requirements. The current article reviewed the literature on SCDs, current treatment options, and more particularly the progress of stem cell transplants. It outlined various challenges of stem cell transplant and proposed ways to increase the donor pool using alternative strategies and modifications of regimen conditioning with minimal transplant-related toxicities and associated complications.
Kontrovers, pragmatisch und innovativ: Hauptstadtkongress 2023: weiterhin auf der Erfolgsspur
Authors: Pschollkowski Guido , Miekley Falk H. , van den Bergh Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

Vom 14. bis 16. Juni 2023 trifft sich das Who is Who der Gesundheitspolitik in der Hauptstadt. Zusammen mit Tausenden Fachbesuchern nehmen die politischen Akteure die großen Herausforderungen des deutschen Gesundheitssystems ins Visier, wägen Ideen und Konzepte ab und ringen um die besten Lösungen.
Gewaltprävention: Sicher im Dienst
Authors: Hollmig Luisa-Maria
Published: May 2023

Beleidigungen, Drohungen und sogar körperliche Übergriffe auf das Krankenhauspersonal nehmen zu. Das Klinikum Leverkusen hat sich als erstes Krankenhaus in Nordrhein-Westfalen einem Gewaltpräventionsnetzwerk angeschlossen und hilft den Mitarbeitenden, mit diesen Situationen umzugehen.
Handhygiene: Wenn der Roboter zum Desinfizieren animiert
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: May 2023

Im grenzüberschreitenden Interreg-Projekt „Hand Disinfection Robot – HandDiRob“ wurde ein Handdesinfektionsroboter entwickelt, der Menschen im Krankenhaus bei der Desinfektion der Hände unterstützt.
Sektoren vernetzen: Integrierte Versorgung neu denken
Authors: Nagel Eckhard , Henzler Dennis , Bader Alisa
Published: May 2023

Angesichts des medizinischen Fortschritts und der gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung wird deutlich, dass die verschiedenen Grenzen der medizinischen Versorgung überwunden werden müssen. Digitalisierung ist hierzu ein Schlüssel.
Role of Molecular Targeted Therapeutic Drugs in Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Review Article
Authors: Singh Himanshu
Published: May 2023

Breast cancer is a multifactor, multistage, and heterogeneous disease. Systemic treatment of breast cancer has changed significantly over the last decade. With a better knowledge of the pathogenesis, researchers and scientists have discovered numerous signaling pathways and synonymous therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Because of the molecular nature of breast cancer, which makes it difficult to understand, previous attempts to treat or prevent it have failed. However, recent decades have provided effective therapeutic targets for treatment. In this review, literature or information on various targeted therapy for breast cancer is discussed. English language articles were explored in numerous directory or databases like PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The important keywords used for searching databases are “Breast cancer,” “Targeted therapy in breast cancer,” “Therapeutic drugs in breast cancer,” and “Molecular targets in breast cancer.”
Interface as the site of infrastructural change
Authors: Lee Hwankyung Janet
Published: May 2023

This study contributes to critical infrastructure literature by investigating people’s evolving interactions with surveillance infrastructure at the sites of ‘interface’, specifically focusing on the tracing infrastructure called Electronic Entry Register, devised by the South Korean government during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Highlighting the significance of the infrastructure’s ‘interface’ as the site of agential interactions that engender new relations, this paper illustrated the diverse ways in which the structural organisations of tracing infrastructure transformed continually and the resultant meanings of surveillance shifted. To this end, a sequence of field research comprising walking interviews, observations, and sit-in interviews was conducted with 11 research participants across various urban sites in Seoul, a city with one of the highest penetration rates of smartphone use. This situated investigation within the geographical context of high sociotechnical potency is noteworthy because urban infrastructuring increasingly invites digital mediation. The empirical evidence demonstrates how the micro-struggles at the interface sites engendered significant infrastructural changes, which in turn reshaped the lived experiences of surveillance. The results flag the need to attend to the conceptual and analytical significance of ‘interface’ in studying digital infrastructure and reflect on how unfolding sociotechnical relations could express digital infrastructure differently.
A machine learning-based prediction of crystal orientations for multicrystalline materials
Authors: Hara Kyoka , Kojima Takuto , Kutsukake Kentaro , Kudo Hiroaki , Usami Noritaka
Published: May 2023

We established a rapid, low-cost, and accurate technique to measure crystallographic orientations in multicrystalline materials by optical images and machine learning. A long short-term memory neural network was trained with pairs of light reflection patterns and the correct orientations of each grain, successfully predicting orientation with an error median of 8.61°. The model was improved by diverse data taken from various incident light angles and by data augmentation. When trained on different incident angles, the model was capable of estimating different orientations. This is related to the geometrical configuration of the incident light angles and surface facets of the crystal. The failure in certain orientations is thought to be complemented by supplementary data taken from different incident angles. Combining data from multiple incident angles, we acquired an error median of 4.35°. Data augmentation was successfully performed, reducing error by an additional 35%. This technique can provide the crystallographic orientations of a 15 × 15 cm2 sized wafer in less than 8 min, while baseline techniques such as electron backscatter diffraction and Laue scanner may take more than 10 h. The rapid and accurate measurement can accelerate data collection for full-sized ingots, helping us gain a comprehensive understanding of crystal growth. We believe that our technique will contribute to controlling crystalline structure for the fabrication of high-performance materials.
Design and analysis of Minkowski fractal antenna for wideband THz frequency tuning/multiband operation in a MIMO antenna system
Authors: Muthuramalingam Karthickraj , Wang Wei-Chih
Published: May 2023

The proposed Minkowski fractal antenna design achieves wideband and continuous frequency tuning in a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system. By manipulating the fractal geometry of the unit antenna element, the resonance frequency of the antenna can be adjusted simply by changing its electrical length. The Minkowski fractal operator generates an increasing current path, resulting in a leftward frequency shift as the antenna side length increases with each iteration. In the first iteration, the proposed fractal antenna demonstrated a 97.9% continuous frequency shift from 0.204 to 0.404 THz with maximum return loss values of −31.23 and −21.6 dB, respectively. In the second iteration, a 38.6% continuous resonance frequency shift from 0.413 to 0.578 THz was achieved with return loss values of −18.22 and −40.47 dB, respectively. The maximum tunable bandwidths of the first and second iterations were approximately 0.2 and 0.16 THz, respectively. The proposed correlation between the dimensions of a single antenna and its resonance frequency provides the foundation for designing and implementing MIMO antenna systems in high-speed wireless devices, cognitive radio, and other multiband MIMO applications. A 2 × 2 MIMO antenna system has been designed from the results of the proposed single antenna to achieve multiband operation or frequency tuning through selective switching of the antenna feed.
Current density profiles in a compact dipole plasma
Authors: Nanda Ayesha , Bhattacharjee Sudeep
Published: May 2023

This article presents current density profiles due to Lorentz and hydrodynamic forces in the presence of spatially varying plasma parameters, electrostatic field (E0→), and microwave electric field (E1→̃) obtained from experiments in a plasma confined by a dipole magnet driven at the steady state. The electric field E0→ (or E1→̃) and the pressure tensor P0¯ (or P1¯) were determined to obtain the total current density J0→ (or J1→̃) at various spatial locations employing the electrical conductivity tensor S¯DC (or S¯AC) as obtained in the previous work [Nanda et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 062105 (2022)]. The results show that the DC density due to hydrodynamic force dominates over those due to the Lorentz force, and the converse is observed in the case of AC density. Furthermore, the DC flow due to the Lorentz force is regulated by bounce motion (along r̂ and θ̂) and grad-curvature drift (along ϕ̂), whereas E→×B→ drift controls the AC density along the three directions, where r̂, θ̂, and ϕ̂ represent unit vectors in spherical polar co-ordinates. The dominance of DC density due to Lorentz and hydrodynamic forces along r̂ and θ̂ directs the particles along the azimuthal direction by J→×B→ force. This prevents the loss of particles along the radial and polar directions, thus helping in overall plasma confinement. The work reveals interesting features of current density profiles, guided by bounce motion, magnetic drifts, and anisotropic pressure tensor, which would be beneficial for understanding current flow in laboratory and space dipole plasmas.
Carrier density non-pinning at stripe edges and widened lateral far field due to longitudinal temperature variation in broad-area high power diode lasers
Authors: Khamari S. K. , Arslan S. , Zink C. , Sweeney S. J. , Crump P.
Published: May 2023

Broad area lasers operating at high power with improved beam quality are needed in many applications. In typical high-power diode lasers with asymmetric facet coating, it is observed that the carrier density fails to completely pin above threshold with significant levels of lateral carrier accumulation (LCA) at the front facet stripe edges. Systematic experimental data are presented to quantify such non-pinning and its effect on lateral far field in multiple diode lasers with varying longitudinal temperature variation (LTV) using spontaneous emission imaging. LTV is quantified and correlated with the carrier accumulation and its dependence on facet reflectivity and cavity length. Results of measurements under continuous wave (CW) and quasi-CW conditions are used to regulate the level of heating and, hence, to isolate the contribution of LTV and optical field profile. Conventional long resonator asymmetric-coated devices show a twofold increase in LCA from threshold to 10 A current at the front stripe edge, but LCA varies less than 20% for lower facet asymmetry or short resonators. Similarly, strong temperature driven far field broadening is observed for conventional long-resonator asymmetric-coated devices (3°–4° variation with temperature at 10 A), which is strongly reduced for lower facet asymmetry or short resonators (<1° at 10 A).
Vacuum pressure measurement of cold 7Li atoms in the magneto-optical and magnetic trap
Authors: Zhang Xuejiao , Li Rui , Zhang Jingyi , Li Zhehan , Wu Haibin
Published: May 2023

Cold atoms play a very important role in metrology. The ultra-high or extreme-high vacuum pressure can be accurately measured by investigating the collision of cold atoms and residual atoms in the environment. We report a vacuum pressure metrometer using cold 7Li atoms as sensor atoms in a magneto-optical trap and a magnetic trap. The accuracy, uncertainty, and feasibility of the measurements in such two different traps are studied and compared in the pressure range from 10−5 to 10−8 Pa. It is found that the vacuum pressure measurement in a magneto-optical trap is more advantageous with a higher accuracy, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and shorter measurement time under current conditions. The results may be used to realize an applicable cold atom quantum vacuum standard.
Effect of yaw angle on aerodynamics of square inclined flat plates in ground effect
Authors: Pieris Supun , Yarusevych Serhiy , Peterson Sean D.
Published: May 2023

Aerodynamics of finite-span inclined square flat plates is experimentally investigated at a chord-based Reynolds number of 50 000 in ground effect. The minimum ground height is varied between gap ratios of 0.1 to 1.0 in chord lengths. All components of forces and moments are measured using a load cell for yaw angles between 0° and 180° at an angle of attack of 30°. In addition, surface flow visualization and planar, three-component particle image velocimetry are used to relate the main trends in structural loadings to changes in flow development. The results show that ground effect is significantly modified by yaw angle. As the gap ratio is decreased, a relatively invariant suction side flow and moderate increase in total force and moment driven by ram effect are observed for yaw angles less than 90°. Between yaw angles of 90° and 120°, the suction side flow is also insensitive to gap ratio variations, however, the loading is constant due to absence of ram effect. The suction side sting placement resulted in notable sting effect on both loading and flow for yaw angles between 120° and 150°, obfuscating the impact of ground proximity. For yaw angles above 150°, the onset of stall with decreasing gap ratio leads to a decrease in total loading, with the effect becoming more pronounced at higher yaw angles. These results may be utilized to drive targeted designs of photovoltaic support structures based on site surveys of wind direction and ground clearances.
Identification of NQO1 as a target of herbal drug agrimol B in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Dingyue , Dong Lixia , Yang Wenyong , Wang Kui
Published: May 2023

Agrimol B is a small molecule isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a potential anti-cancer effect. However, the molecular target of agrimol B remains unclear. In this report, we found that agrimol B inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. A combination of network pharmacology strategy, bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking and target validation experiments was performed to identify and verify the protein targets of agrimol B in HCC. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that the activity of agrimol B against HCC was related to a cellular response to chemical stress and oxidative stress, folate biosynthesis, the complement and coagulation cascade and FoxO signaling pathway. We further identified 10 core targets through network pharmacology analysis. Among them, NAD(P)H: quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) was screened as the most promising target based on a molecular docking analysis. The interaction between agrimol B and NQO1 was corroborated by a cellular thermal shift assay. In addition, agrimol B inhibited the growth of HCC cells by decreasing NQO1 activity. Taken together, we identified NQO1 as a molecular target of agrimol B, which provides a new insight into the anti-cancer mechanism of agrimol B in HCC.
Moonlighting in the matrix
Authors: Whitchurch Cynthia B.
Published: May 2023

The biofilm matrix is a complex, heterogeneous mixture of polymers, macromolecules, small molecules, and higher-order particulate structures. The primary functions of some matrix components are specific for building biofilms. However, there are many components of the biofilm matrix that have primary cellular functions yet provide additional distinct ‘moonlighting’ functions when located in the biofilm matrix. Moonlighting matrix components include proteins and nucleic acids as well as higher-order structures such as membranes and bacteriophage. This review will describe some of the moonlighting matrix components found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.
Phylogenetic relationships in the Eugongylini (Squamata: Scincidae): generic limits and biogeography
Authors: Chapple David G. , Chapple Stephanie N. J. , Smith Sarah A. , Shea Glenn M. , Brennan Ian G. , Sadlier Ross A.
Published: May 2023

Skinks (Family Scincidae) are the most diverse family of lizards (~1745 described species worldwide), and the Australasian region (Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand) is a recognised global hotspot (>600 species) for skinks. Here we focus on determining the phylogenetic relationships and biogeography within the tribe Eugongylini, one of three lineages in the region. We used mtDNA (ND2) and nuclear (RAG-1, c-mos) DNA sequences and phylogenetic analyses to reveal the presence of three well-supported lineages of Australian Eugongylini. We found a sister relationship between the monotypic genera Eroticoscincus and Harrisoniascincus, and that the monotypic Anepischetosia has close affinities with Carinascincus coventryi and Pseudemoia. C. coventryi represents a separate lineage from the main Carinascincus radiation. Emoia was not found to be monophyletic, with Emoia s.s. part of an Australian lineage, and the remainder of the genus representing an older divergence within the tribe. The widespread and speciose Cryptoblepharus represented a well-supported lineage within an Australian lineage. Our analyses confirm previous suggestions that four Sphenomorphus species (louisiadensis, minutus, bignelli, and aignanus) are misplaced, and are part of the Eugongylini. Our phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis that the origin of the tribe lies in Asia, with dispersal events to Africa, Australasia, and Oceania.
The populist radical right beyond Europe
Authors: Rovira Kaltwasser Cristóbal , Zanotti Lisa
Published: May 2023

Although the populist radical right (PRR) has become a global phenomenon, research about it focuses much more on Europe than on other regions. To counter this imbalance, this special issue provides comparative evidence on the discourse elaborated by the PRR on six non-European countries: Australia, Brazil, Chile, India, Turkey, and the United States. As we will show, non-European PRR forces articulate authoritarian, nativist, and populist ideas in different ways than their European brethren and they employ specific ideological elements (e.g., neoliberalism and religion) to advance discourses that resonate with the social grievances that are preponderant in the context wherein they operate. This reveals that part of the success of the PRR is related to its discursive flexibility and capacity to adapt itself with the aim of constructing frames that connect with the anxieties experimented by segments of the voting public across different national and regional settings.
The prominence of English in the Linguistic Landscape of Jamshedpur
Authors: Mishra Sneha
Published: May 2023

The study explores the public and private signs in the Linguistic Landscape (LL) of Jamshedpur city in India. It
employs a mixed methods approach as it integrates quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis to reveal the city’s
careful display of monolingual, bilingual, or multilingual signs representing distinct identities. The study investigates the
distribution of signs across five sample locations while focusing on the signs’ content, their functions (symbolic vs
informational), and explores the sign producers’ motivation for their language choice on signs.
Mixed-frequency medium-voltage aging analysis of epoxy in the absence of partial discharges and dielectric heating
Authors: Küchler Florian , Färber Raphael , Bill Fabian , Renggli Samuel , Franck Christian M
Published: May 2023

Premature failures of polymeric insulation under inverter-type electrical stress are predominantly associated with partial discharge (PD) erosion or dielectric heating. In the present contribution, an approach for aging analysis in the absence of the aforementioned mechanisms is proposed and applied to anhydride-cured epoxy samples, which are designed with a recessed shape to achieve PD-free aging. Dielectric heating was found to be negligible under all applied experimental conditions. Aging of samples was performed with a specialized setup for the generation of mixed-frequency medium-voltage (MF-MV) waveforms under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. The health state of samples was evaluated before and after different aging sequences by analysis of potential aging markers, namely the short-term AC breakdown strength, the complex dielectric permittivity (real and imaginary part), the volume resistivity, the glass transition temperature and the characteristic absorbance peaks obtained by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Of these, only the breakdown strength exhibited significant aging effects under hygroelectric stress, which is hypothesized to be attributed to localized microcracking caused by electromechanical stress. Pure electrical MF-MV stress (i.e. at room temperature and dry conditions) was not found to be critical under the applied experimental conditions. By means of FTIR, hydrolysis was excluded as a possible aging mechanisms. In summary, the proposed aging analysis approach was found to be suitable to reveal aging effects empirically as well as to give indications about the underlying aging mechanisms without the need for excessively long or accelerated lifetime testing.
Anapole-assisted ultra-narrow-band lattice resonance in slotted silicon nanodisk arrays
Authors: Luo Minghe , Hu Jinyong , Li Yiming , Bai Wangdi , Zhang Runlu , Lin Qi , Wang Lingling
Published: May 2023

Anapole modes supported by well-designed dielectric nanostructures have attracted extensive attention in the field of nanophotonic applications owing to their unique strong near-field enhancement and non-radiative far-field scattering characteristics, yet it is still difficult to achieve high Q-factor resonance features with a narrow linewidth. In this work, a periodic slotted silicon nanodisk array is theoretically proposed to realize narrow linewidth and high Q-factor resonance in the near-infrared wavelength range. Through introducing the coupling between the anapole modes in the single dielectric nanostructure and the diffractive wave mode arising from the periodic array, the as-designed dielectric nanostructure synchronously manifests excellent spectral features with a bandwidth as narrow as about 2.0 nm, a large Q-factor of 599, an almost-perfect transmission amplitude of 96% and a relatively high electric field intensity (>2809 times) in the middle of the slotted silicon nanodisk. The as-designed nanostructure possessing these outstanding optical features can work as a high-efficiency refractive index sensor, whose sensitivity can reach 161.5 nm RIU−1 with its figure of merit attaining 80.8 RIU−1, efficiently distinguishing an index change of less than 0.01. The proposed slotted silicon nanodisk array exhibits tremendous potential for expanding applications such as label-free biochemical sensing, plasmonic refractive index sensing and surface enhancement spectroscopy.
SOLPS-ITER analysis of a proposed STEP double null geometry: impact of the degree of disconnection on power-sharing
Authors: Osawa R.T. , Moulton D. , Newton S.L. , Henderson S.S. , Lipschultz B. , Hudoba A.
Published: May 2023

To mitigate the issue of plasma exhaust in reactor scale tight aspect ratio tokamaks such as Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP), a double-null (DN) configuration is thought to be advantageous over a single-null (SN) configuration. However, practical control of the plasma vertical stability will likely lead to an oscillation around the symmetry point, which may lead to transient loading of the divertors. In this work we investigated the impact of disconnection of the two separatrices

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e
p

on the power-sharing between the divertors in disconnected-double-null configurations for the initial iteration of STEP design using the SOLPS-ITER code without drifts. The power fraction to the primary divertor increased with

δ

R

s
e
p

, reaching ∼95% at the highest

δ

R

s
e
p

which is representative of SN. The total power fraction to the inner divertors (upper + lower), however, did not show an increase with

δ

R

s
e
p

for

δ

R

sep

/

λ
q

⩽
2

, where λ

q
is the parallel heat flux decay length, and even at the highest

δ

R

s
e
p

it showed only ∼30% increase from connected-double-null (CDN), unlike the experimental results for current conventional aspect ratio machines. We found two underlying mechanisms that could explain this result—the total flux compression from the outer midplane to the primary inner divertor target and the parallel current in the primary SOL (between the two separatrices). This work implies that the benefit of DN over SN in power load onto the inner divertor in STEP may be less than found experimentally in conventional tokamaks due to its tight aspect ratio. Further investigations through experiments, especially on STs and simulations with additional physics such as drifts, are the subject of a future investigation.
An effective flight attitude and trajectory control scheme for sounding rocket
Authors: Zhang Wentong , Wen Chunyu , Zhou Tianxing
Published: May 2023

Existing sounding rocket flight is probably disturbed by external factors, of which attitude is lack of automatic control function and flight trajectory is not stable, thus the project designed a canard adjustable posture scheme based on PID control algorithm, which can effectively solve the sounding rocket flight stability and flight path anti-interference problem with high efficiency.
Improvement methodology of predicting engine jet noise in engineering application
Authors: Zeng Yaoxiang , Wang Haoxuan , Rong Yi , He Wei
Published: May 2023

The typical methods for predicting rocket engine noise were comprehensively illustrated. Simultaneously including some modification, implement noise environmental prediction of any engine number, any position via programming. For instance, in a liquid rocket engine, noise field of the double engine was predicted, the results of which were compared with experimental data. We then evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and analyzed the source of the error. Finally, a methodology of predicting the jet noise was proposed, which can be applied to multiple engines. Given the high prediction accuracy on the overall acoustic pressure and the acoustic pressure spectrum, this method is of great importance in engineering application.
The Hydrogen Wind Turbine: Design of a wind turbine optimised for hydrogen production
Authors: Bechmann A , Barlas T , Frandsen H L , Jin L , Nakashima R N
Published: May 2023

“Green” hydrogen produced using electrolysis and zero-carbon electricity may be a path for the EU to reduce its dependence on natural gas imports and support the green transition. The EU uses 10 Mt of natural gas yearly for hydrogen production, representing a potential 120 GW market for the wind industry. Placing the hydrogen production (electrolysers) near the energy source (wind turbines) instead of the consumer (e.g. fertiliser producers) changes the energy transportation from power to hydrogen and opens new design possibilities. This work investigates how an off-grid wind turbine designed for hydrogen production may differ from a traditional one.

The paper first describes the numerical modelling framework used to estimate the hydrogen production and cost of a “hydrogen wind turbine.” The main parameters of the system (generator rating, rotor diameter, electrolyser rating and battery capacity) are then optimised to reduce the levelised cost of hydrogen (LCOH). Results show that an LCOH-optimised wind turbine should have a lower specific power (i.e. a larger rotor) than an LCOE-optimised design. We find a 7% LCOH reduction compared to the reference system, opening the door for future wind turbines designed directly for hydrogen production.
A workflow for including atmospheric stability effects in wind resource and yield assessment and its evaluation against wind measurements and SCADA
Authors: Diallo M. , Kwak G. , Tüzünoglu S , Abiven C. , Rol E. , Vermeir J. , Frère A.
Published: May 2023

Atmospheric stability conditions are known to impact the wind resource and yield assessments. However, they are too barely or not correctly taken into account in the industry due to several reasons such as limitations of commercial software or the relative inertia in updating industrial processes. This paper proposes a simplistic approach to improve wind resource and yield assessment certainty while keeping very similar software and industry processes. Two test cases are considered. First, the wind speed estimates made using a CFD software (Meteodyn 5.3) for different stability classes are compared to measurements obtained on a site with four met masts. Second, the wake losses obtained with a commercial yield assessment solver (WindPRO 3.5) considering different wake decay constant definitions are compared to SCADA data. In both cases, it appears that dividing the timeseries in “stability classes” and using corresponding stability parameters in the CFD and in the wake model parameters enable a reduction of the uncertainty. In the case of the energy estimation compared to SCADA, an improvement of 1.25% is obtained compared to the conventional approach.
Radiofrequency sensing systems based on emerging two-dimensional materials and devices
Authors: Xue Honglei , Gao Wanshuo , Gao Jianwei , Schneider Grégory F , Wang Chen , Fu Wangyang
Published: May 2023

As one of the most promising platforms for wireless communication, radiofrequency (RF) electronics have been widely advocated for the development of sensing systems. In particular, monolayer and few-layer two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibiting extraordinary electrical properties not only can be integrated to improve the performance of RF circuits, but also to display exceptional sensing capabilities. This review provides an in-depth perspective of current trends and challenges in the application of 2D materials for RF biochemical sensing, including: (i) theoretical bases to achieve different sensing schemes; (ii) unique properties of 2D materials for reasoning their applications in RF sensing; (iii) developments in 2D RF sensors to facilitate the practice of biochemical sensors with ever-demanding sensitivities, as well as their potential uses in meeting the requirements and challenges of biochemical sensors in the Internet-of-Things era.
A monotone numerical flux for quasilinear convection diffusion equation
Authors: Chainais-Hillairet C. , Eymard R. , Fuhrmann J.
Published: May 2023

We propose a new numerical 2-point flux for a quasilinear convection–diffusion equation. This numerical flux is shown to be an approximation of the numerical flux derived from the solution of a two-point Dirichlet boundary value problem for the projection of the continuous flux onto the line connecting neighboring collocation points. The later approach generalizes an idea first proposed by Scharfetter and Gummel [IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 16 (1969), pp. 64–77] for linear drift-diffusion equations. We establish first that the new flux satisfies sufficient properties ensuring the convergence of the associate finite volume scheme, while respecting the maximum principle. Then, we pay attention to the long time behavior of the scheme: we show relative entropy decay properties satisfied by the new numerical flux as well as by the generalized Scharfetter-Gummel flux. The proof of these properties uses a generalization of some discrete (and continuous) log-Sobolev inequalities. The corresponding decay of the relative entropy of the continuous solution is proved in the appendix. Some 1D numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.
Enabled primarily controls filopodial morphology, not actin organization, in the TSM1 growth cone inDrosophila
Authors: Fang Hsiao Yu , Forghani Rameen , Clarke Akanni , McQueen Philip G. , Chandrasekaran Aravind , O’Neill Kate M. , Losert Wolfgang , Papoian Garegin A. , Giniger Edward
Published: May 2023

Live imaging in vivo is used to study the role of the actin polymerase Ena in axon growth. We find that Ena strongly regulates filopodial morphology despite having only modest effects on actin distribution. We suggest that the main role of Ena is keeping growth cone morphology stable in the face of the varying actin distribution that drives axon growth.
Literature, the Book, and the Bible in the Renaissance
Authors: Willie Rachel
Published: May 2023

In response to the politics of the Reformation, the 16th and 17th centuries witnessed a proliferation of bibles translated into vernacular languages. Owing to a ban on translating bibles in England without express permission, English Bible translation was especially connected to Protestantism. English bibles were influenced by Protestant bibles printed in continental Europe, were legitimized through Welsh translation, and went on to inform translation in Ireland and New England. Bible translation was a transnational and transhistorical endeavor that influenced literature and everyday life.
Racial Inequality and Its Remedies in the US Labor Market
Authors: Patton Randall L.
Published: May 2023

Active social movements and the changes they wrought both through direct action and indirectly through pressure campaigns dismantled racial exclusion and diminished racial discrimination in employment, like racial apartheid in public accommodations and other aspects of American life. Social movement pressure fostered voluntary actions from the business community, government action on equal employment, and a changing climate of public opinion. Voluntary, quasi-voluntary, and regulatory (compulsory) approaches combined to improve labor market outcomes for African Americans. The term segregation as used here denotes the system of formal and informal exclusion from and discrimination in employment aimed at persons of African descent. The dismantling of exclusionary barriers and the diminishing of discriminatory practices combined with general economic growth to improve living standards for African Americans through the late 20th century. Regional variation was significant, with Black workers in the Northern states benefiting somewhat less than might have been expected. The effects of neoliberal reform, deindustrialization, and lingering discrimination, however, revealed the limits of reform and left significant economic challenges in the early 21st century.