bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliotecas públicas e o acesso às informações artísticas sob a perspectiva da Ciência da Informação
Authors: Rasteli Alessandro , Caldas Rosângela Formentini
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2015v21n45p21

Ao dialogar sobre a biblioteca e as atividades artísticas, percebe-se que raros são os trabalhos que discorrem sobre as informações artísticas nesse universo. Observa-se também um aumento das dificuldades enfrentadas pelo profissional da informação no que tange à definição do que seja informação não registrada, especialmente a informação artística. Assim, o trabalho tem como objetivo o de explorar o termo informação no universo simbólico da cultura e das atividades artísticas em bibliotecas. Destaca-se que o desenvolvimento social seja fruto das práticas culturais e artísticas, preconizando na cultura a ideia de poder transformador, quando os elementos culturais são interiorizados e alterados em substância vitalizadora modificando os estados de conhecimento, o que se pode chamar de apropriação cultural.
Bens culturais digitais: reflexões conceituais a partir do contexto virtual
Authors: Gowert dos Reis Marina , Conceição Primon Serres Juliane , Igansi Nunes João Fernando
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2015v21n45p54

O patrimônio cultural digital, seja de gênese digital ou de duplicação, é categoria considerada em documentos oficiais sobre preservação, como é o caso da Carta sobre a Preservação do Patrimônio Digital, publicada pela UNESCO em 2003, sendo também prática compreendida por instituições patrimoniais, que buscam nesses recursos proteção e ampliação de acesso a acervos. O foco nesse artigo é problematizar os bens culturais digitais que surgem a partir dessas práticas. Para tanto, discute-se as modificações na dicotomia original-cópia, o bem digital passando pelas ações de lembrar, observar e imaginar, e a aproximação das diretrizes conceituais e preservacionistas com o patrimônio cultural imaterial.
Educação a distância, bibliotecas polo e os recursos informacionais: uma pesquisa-ação
Authors: Costa Maria Elizabeth de Oliveira , Cendón Beatriz Valadares
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2015v21n45p82

O artigo trata da primeira parte da pesquisa que originou a dissertação intitulada “Educação a distância (EaD), bibliotecas polo e o acesso informacional” disponibilizado aos alunos dessa modalidade de ensino. Aborda as seguintes questões: como as Bibliotecas Universitárias e/ou os Sistemas de Bibliotecas – poderão apoiar as bibliotecas dos polos de apoio presencial, onde a instituição oferece cursos na modalidade a distância? Como oferecer o apoio e o acesso informacional científico aos alunos da EaD? Como assegurar que os alunos da EaD recebam os recursos informacionais necessários às suas atividades de pesquisa e extensão? Como procedimento metodológico a pesquisa consta de duas etapas sendo a primeira delas objeto deste artigo. O artigo relata a pesquisa realizada in loco nas bibliotecas dos polos com a finalidade de verificar os recursos informacionais que os alunos têm à sua disposição, comparando-os com a bibliografia básica dos cursos dessa modalidade. Pode-se concluir, por meio da análise e observação dos dados, que o material bibliográfico dos polos, comparado à bibliografia básica dos cursos, não atende às demandas necessárias dos usuários e ao ideal de uma biblioteca. A primeira parte deste estudo é também caracterizada como pesquisa-ação, e seus resultados foram apresentados à Instituição pesquisada.
Liberdade e religião: reflexões kantianas sobre a não coercitividade, a veracidade e a publicidade na relação entre religião e política
Authors: Klein Joel Thiago
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p222

De acordo com a filosofia kantiana existem três princípios que deveriam regular a forma como a política se relaciona com a religião, quais sejam, o princípio da não coercitividade da crença religiosa; a exigência moral da veracidade nas profissões de crença e a incapacidade de máximas com conteúdo religioso se conformarem com o princípio político-jurídico da publicidade. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, explicar e justificar a aplicação desses três princípios com relação à religião e indicar como eles poderiam ajudar a resolver problemas políticos e morais com respeito à intolerância religiosa que continua a assolar a sociedade contemporânea.
Radicalização da liberdade negativa: Hegel, pós-secularismo e fanatismo
Authors: Campello Filipe
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p320O presente artigo tem como objetivo encontrar em Hegel uma contribuição teórica para a debate recente sobre pós-secularismo e a relação entre religião e esfera pública, em particular em torno do conceito de fanatismo. Em primeiro lugar, como veremos, o que se sobressai na abordagem hegeliana é o modo em que o conceito de fanatismo é desenvolvido a partir de uma teoria da liberdade e suas patologias; e, em segundo lugar, como este modelo de liberdade vincula-se a uma teoria de formação da vontade livre em que as instituições cumprem um papel central. Em vista desta proposta interpretativa, apresento meu argumento em dois passos. Primeiramente, discuto brevemente em que medida o conceito hegeliano de fanatismo, ao vincular-se a um modelo de liberdade, pode contribuir para o debate contemporâneo (1). E, em segundo lugar, apresento como a intuição original de Hegel pode ser atualizada a partir de um modelo normativo de processos de aprendizagem (2).
Elevação (Erhörung) e cultivo (Züchtung) na filosofia de Nietzsche
Authors: Meireles Ildenilson
Published: January 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n2p367

O artigo apresenta as variáveis de uma noção bastante cara à filosofia nietzschiana, a noção de cultivo ou seleção (Züchtung), na medida em que se articula ao projeto mais geral de elevação do homem, como podemos ver em Além de Bem e Mal. Consideramos que essa noção é de importância capital para uma melhor compreensão do pensamento de Nietzsche sobre a cultura superior, principalmente pelo aspecto mais propositivo que ela alcança nos seus últimos escritos. A partir disso, a hipótese a ser desenvolvida nesse texto é de que o constante uso dessa noção na filosofia de Nietzsche, especialmente nos últimos escritos, abre a possibilidade de considerar uma mudança substancial em seu pensamento sobre a cultura, concebida não mais como tarefa histórico-universal, mas como tarefa voltada exclusivamente aos indivíduos de exceção. Nossa argumentação se orienta basicamente pela aposta de que Nietzsche, ao tratar do cultivo de determinadas virtudes, não faz outra coisa senão considerar o futuro do homem para além da velha moral.
Moeders in de bijstand
Authors: Reelick Fred , Snel Erik , van Londen Monique
Published: January 2016

Mothers on Social Assistance: Poverty, Resilience and Parenting Although prior research showed that poverty is related to less optimal child outcomes, how the duration of poverty and parental psychological resilience affect the parenting quality is less well understood. To
help fill this gap, we used data from a survey of mothers on social assistance in the Dutch city of Rotterdam. In this study two groups of mothers were distinguished: those who were on social assistance for over five years and those less than a year. We tested two hypotheses: 1) long-term
poor mothers show more negative forms of parenting than mothers who are only recently on social assistance, 2) mothers with limited psychological capital show more negative forms of parenting. Female research assistants interviewed 111 mothers at home and mothers filled in questionnaires on
parenting and psychological resilience (coping style, mastery and self-esteem). Contrary to expectation, poverty duration appeared not to affect quality of parenting. Maternal psychological capital or resilience ‐ was related to parenting, but only with positive forms of parenting (support
and positive control) and not with negative parenting (negative control). Negative parenting was more related to the ethnic background of mothers. A practical implication of our study is to offer parents on social assistance support to strengthen their psychological resilience.
De keuze voor tweetalig onderwijs
Authors: Sieben Inge , van Ginderen Nathalie
Published: January 2016

Choice for bilingual education: the role of social background In the Netherlands, bilingual tracks in higher secondary education (TTO) are growing. Based on the literature on primary and secondary effects of social background and given the presumed advantages of these bilingual
tracks, we expected that children from higher social backgrounds more often choose TTO than children from lower social backgrounds. Results based on data from 498 first and second grade pupils in six schools who offer both TTO and regular pre-university education confirmed this expectation.
Parental cultural and social resources could not explain the relationship between social background and the choice for TTO. Children with parents who more use English at home or who are more involved in school do not follow TTO more often. Parental reading behaviour is however related to the
choice for TTO: children from higher social backgrounds whose parents read a lot in Dutch more often follow TTO, whereas children from lower social backgrounds whose parents read a lot in Dutch more often follow regular pre-university education.
De veerkrachtige arbeidsmarkt
Authors: Fenger Menno , Koster Ferry , van der Veen Romke
Published: January 2016

Summary The resilient labor market. An exploration across 29 countriesThis paper presents a novel way of conceptualizing and measuring the resilience of labor markets. While earlier accounts of resilience focus on explained variance and concentrate on economic
circumstances, the analyses presented here starts from the premise that much can be learned about the adaptability of labor markets by focusing on the unexplained variance of empirical models. Based on international comparative data for 29 European countries, this approach to labor market
resilience is explored.
Achterstanden van niet-westerse immigranten op de arbeidsmarkt onder hoger opgeleide toetreders
Authors: Raaijmakers Niels , Thijssen Lex , Gesthuizen Maurice , Wolbers Maarten
Published: January 2016

Summary Labour market disadvantage amongst highly educated non-Western immigrants in the transition from school to work: The role of structural, institutional, and socio-cultural factorsThis paper builds upon previous research on ethnic penalties in European
labour markets by studying unemployment among higher educated non-western immigrant labour market entrants. By doing so, we attempt to get a better understanding of the extent to which one of the most advantaged immigrant groups still faces significant barriers in their search for work. We
discuss to what extent structural-, institutional-, and socio-cultural characteristics of countries are able to explain cross-national variation in these inequalities between natives and non-western immigrants. Drawing upon pooled cross-section data from the European Labour Force Surveys (2005-2011),
we test our hypotheses using a two-step multilevel method. Our analyses demonstrate that, first of all, higher educated non-western immigrant labour market entrants are more likely to be unemployed than their native counterparts. Second, we find that a higher percentage of foreigners in a
country is positively associated with higher inequalities between immigrants and natives. However, in contrast to our expectation, governmental attempts to stimulate the integration of non-western immigrants are related to larger inequalities between non-western immigrants and natives among
higher educated labour market entrants. Finally, we find inconclusive effects with regard to a country’s immigration history.
The Use of HeRo Catheter in Catheter-dependent Dialysis Patients with Superior Vena Cava Occlusion
Authors: Davis Kathryn L. , Gurley John C. , Davenport Daniel L. , Xenos Eleftherios S.
Published: January 2016

Objectives

Hemodialysis (HD) patients with superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion have limited access options. Femoral access is commonly employed but is associated with high complication rates. Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) catheters can be used in tunneled catheter-dependent (TCD) patients who have exhausted other access options. The HeRO graft bypasses occlusion and traverses stenosis with outflow directly into the central venous circulation. At our institution we have used the inside-out central venous access technique (IOCVA) to traverse an occluded vena cava for HeRO graft placement. We review our experience with this technique.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with HeRO graft placement at our institution. All were dependent on a tunneled femoral dialysis catheter due to central venous occlusion (CVO). The IOCVA technique was used in each case. This technique was used as last resort for patients who had no other dialysis access option. Demographics, patency rates, complications, and mortality were recorded.

Results

A total of 11 HeRO grafts were placed in 11 patients from January 2012 to June 2013, with 100% technical success rate. Three grafts were ligated due to steal syndrome. Two grafts were lost due to thrombosis. Five of 11 patients experienced a 30-day complication. Three patients died within the follow-up period; however, none were directly related to the graft placement. Follow up range was 65-573 days; 5 of 11 grafts were used for dialysis at the end of the follow-up period. The 12-month patency rate was 30%.

Conclusions

HeRO grafts are one option for dialysis patients with CVO. There is, however, a high incidence of steal syndrome and other complications. These grafts should be offered as a final potential alternative to catheter dependence.
The “L-shaped Tunneling Technique”: A Modified Technique Facilitating a more Discreet Implantable Port Positioning
Authors: Kehagias Elias , Tsetis Dimitrios
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Venous port catheters, also known as “totally implantable venous access devices” (TIVADs), are now the standard of care in patients requiring long-term intermittent intravenous drug administration. We describe a modification of the implantation technique that we use in our department in order to improve the cosmetic result of a TIVAD.

Methods

After ultrasound-guided venous access in the internal jugular vein (IJV) or another appropriate vein has been obtained, we create a port pocket in the deltopectoral groove, in the upper-lateral chest wall, in a “far-lateral-oblique” orientation, respecting the individual patient's relaxed skin tension lines. Then we create a subcutaneous tunnel using a straight metal tunneler in two steps: first tunneling cranially and perpendicular to the port incision for a small distance, and then, after turning the tunneler at a right angle continuing in a straight line until we exit at the venous access site.

Results

This configuration not only prevents catheter kinking, to ensure uninhibited flow, but also allows us to place the port pocket in a more discreet position, in order to offer a better cosmetic result to our patients.

Conclusions

Adoption of a “far-lateral-oblique” port implantation site along with the “L-shaped tunneling technique” will offer doctors who are implanting TIVADs a useful alternative for a better cosmetic result.
An unusual presentation of filariasis in a nonendemic country
Authors: Kandalam Parampil Thulasidharan Shibu , Parampath Arif Nelliyulla , Farghaly Hanan Ibrahim , Salah Salem Abo , Kayakkool Muhammed Kunhi , Mathew Joe Varghese , Radhakrishnan Pradeep , Al Badawi Ibrahim , Farook Saleena
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Filariasis is an endemic disease with worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. It is uncommon in Qatar. The conventional diagnostic procedure is the demonstration of microfilaria in blood smears. Even with its high incidence, it is unusual to detect microfilaria in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears. Although the ‘filarial dance sign’ is rarely documented, it remains a classical ultrasonographic sign in lymphatic filariasis. Case presentation: We present a case of a 38-year-old male patient with fever, chills, shortness of breath and a tender warm swelling on his right thigh. Ultrasound of the thigh lesion showed the classical filarial dance sign. Subsequently FNAC from the lesion documented microfilaria in spite of absent peripheral blood eosinophilia and microfilaria. The patient underwent an incision and drainage of the thigh lesion and was treated with ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine. He was subsequently admitted to the medical ward and discharged home after two weeks in a stable condition. Conclusion: This case report illustrates the importance of diagnostic tools like ultrasound and FNAC along with a high index of clinical suspicion while evaluating patients presenting with unusual signs and symptoms. We would like to highlight the rarity of filarial presentation in a nonendemic country like Qatar. This case is unique since microfilaria was demonstrated in the pus aspirated from the thigh abscess and showed the filarial dance sign by ultrasound along with involvement of the pleura and pericardium.
Analysis of the evolution of the residual risk of HIV transmission at the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS) of Lomé (Togo) from January 2008 to December 2012
Authors: Koboyo Nadjir Liza , Yvon Segbena Akuété , Pierre Cazenave Jean
Published: January 2016

Aims: This study aimed to:
- Analyze the HIV residual risk of transfusion at the CNTS of Lomé from January 2008 to December 2012
- Indicate future directions to strengthen blood safety.
Methods: The residual risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion has been estimated by the indirect method proposed by SCHREIBER. This method estimates the risk that a donation was made during the immunologically silent period. Using the incident cases, we calculated the incidence rates of HIV that multiplied by the duration of the serological window period gave the residual risk of transmission.
Results: Blood donors included in study were a total of 16, 042 over the five years. Males accounted for 79. 37% and 64. 41% of donors were under 30 years. The number of cases of confirmed HIV was zero in 2008, five in 2009, five in 2010, three in 2011, two in 2012. The residual risk (RR) was respectively 1/17391 in 2009, 1/19342 in 2010, 1/43478 in 2011 and 1/181818 in 2012. From 2009 to 2012, the RR decreased by 10.45 times.
Conclusion: The residual risk was relatively high in 2009 but has gradually declined over ten times in 2012. A policy of blood donators and the orientation of the CNTS towards new technologies such as the inactivation of the pathogens might contribute to reduce appreciably the RR of diseases transmitted by the blood.
Intensive Care Nurses' Belief Systems Regarding the Health Economics: A Focused Ethnography
Authors: Heydari Abbas , Vafaee-Najar Ali , Bakhshi Mahmoud
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: Health care beliefs can have an effect on the efficiency and effectiveness of nursing practices. Nevertheless, how belief systems impact on the economic performance of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses is not known. This study aimed to explore the ICU nurses' beliefs and their effect on nurse's practices and behavior patterns regarding the health economics.

METHODS: In this study, a focused ethnography method was used. Twenty-four informants from ICU nurses and other professional individuals were purposively selected and interviewed. As well, 400 hours of ethnographic observations were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using the methods described by Miles and Huberman (1994).

FINDINGS: Eight beliefs were found that gave meaning to ICU nurse's practices regarding the health economics. 1. The registration of medications and supplies disrupt the nursing care; 2.Monitoring and auditing improve consumption; 3.There is a fear of possible shortage in the future; 4.Supply and replacement of equipment is difficult; 5.Higher prices lead to more accurate consumption; 6.The quality of care precedes the costs; 7. Clinical Guidelines are abundant but useful; and 8.Patient economy has priority over hospital economy. Maintaining the quality of patient care with least attention to hospital costs was the main focus of the beliefs formed up in the ICU regarding the health economics.

CONCLUSIONS: ICU nurses’ belief systems have significantly shaped in relation to providing a high-quality care. Although high quality of care can lead to a rise in the effectiveness of nursing care, cost control perspective should also be considered in planning for improve the quality of care. Therefore, it is necessary to involve the ICU nurses in decision-making about unit cost management. They must become familiar with the principles of heath care economics and productivity by applying an effective cost management program. It may be optimal to implement the reforms in various aspects, such as the hospital's strategic plan and supply chain management system.
Transition to Centralized Unit Commitment: An Econometric Analysis of Colombia’s Experience
Authors: Riascos Alvaro , Bernal Miguel , de Castro Luciano , Oren Shmuel
Published: January 2016

This paper attempts to shed light on the relative merits of centralized electricity markets with multipart bids and dispatch using an MIP-based unit commitment optimization approach vs. self-committed markets with linear energy supply curves. We conduct an empirical study of data from the Colombian market, which in 2009 transitioned from a self-commitment paradigm to a centralized unit commitment approach where generators offer a linear supply function for energy along with start-up costs while the commitment and dispatch are determined by the system operator using MIP-based optimization. The results indicate that the transition to centralized dispatch has resulted in productive efficiency gains through a decrease in production costs. However, these gains have not translated into wholesale price decreases; in fact, wholesale prices increased after the change in the dispatch approach. These results suggest that productive efficiency gains have been captured by suppliers through the exercise of market power.
Stepwise Green Investment under Policy Uncertainty
Authors: Chronopoulos Michail , Hagspiel Verena , Fleten Stein-Erik
Published: January 2016

We analyse how market price and policy uncertainty, in the form of random provision or retraction of a subsidy, interact to affect the optimal time of investment and the size of a renewable energy (RE) project that can be completed in either a single (lumpy investment) or multiple stages (stepwise investment). The subsidy takes the form of a fixed premium on top of the electricity price, and, therefore, investment is subject to electricity price uncertainty. We show that the risk of a permanent retraction (provision) of a subsidy increases (decreases) the incentive to invest, yet lowers (raises) the amount of installed capacity, and that this result is more pronounced as the size of the subsidy increases. Additionally, we show that increasing the number of policy interventions lowers the expected value of a subsidy and the size of the project. Furthermore, we illustrate that, although an increase in the size of a subsidy lowers the relative value of the stepwise investment strategy, the expected value of a lumpy investment strategy is still lower than that of stepwise investment.
The Friendship Project: Socialist Internationalism in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Applebaum Rachel
Published: January 2016

This article examines the evolution of socialist internationalism in the 1950s and 1960s through a case study of cultural relations between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. More broadly, it explores attempts by Soviet and eastern bloc officials to integrate their countries into a cohesive “socialist world” by constructing an extensive network of transnational, cultural, interpersonal, and commercial ties between their citizens. Accounts of Soviet-eastern bloc relations during this period tend to focus on the iconic crises in Poland and Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968. Yet in the realm of everyday life, the 1950s and 1960s were the apogee of Soviet-eastern European integration. I argue that in the case of Soviet-Czechoslovak relations, the new version of socialist internationalism that developed during these decades was successful in so far as it shaped the lives of ordinary citizens—through participation in friendship societies, pen-pal correspondences, and the consumption of each other's mass media and consumer goods. As these contacts brought the two countries closer, however, they inadvertently highlighted cultural and political discord between them, which ultimately helped undermine the very alliance they were designed to support.
IONTOVÁ VÝMĚNA V POČÁTEČNÍCH STÁDIÍCH INTERAKCE ŽIVEC–VODA
Authors: Camfrlová Markéta , Vybíhal Karel , Faimon Jiří
Published: January 2016

The sample of perthitic alkali feldspar (62.5 wt. % of KAlSi3O8 and 37.5 wt. % of albite, Na0,996Ca0,004Al1,004Si2,996O8) was dissolved in a special stirred batch reactor (polyethylene vessel of 5 liter volume situated horizontally and rotating at few rotations per hour). The reactor was opened to atmosphere (log PCO2 ~ -3.5) through the mouth at the vessel axis. During the experiment, pH was monitored by pH-meter with combined glass electrode. Solutions were analyzed for Si, Al (spectrophotometry), K, Na (flame AAS), and Ca (ICP-OES). The results showed a fast preferential leaching of alkaline cations with respect to both Al and Si during the early stages of experiment that was diminishing during more advanced stages of the experiment. The released cations exceeded the consumed H+ ions by the range of two up to four magnitudes. The preponderance of cations over H+ ions was especially apparent during few initial days, when the buffering by atmospheric CO2 was insufficient. Simulation of the process by the PHREEQC code covering the CO2 buffering indicated that system feldspar–water–CO2(g) was evolving near the equilibrium in open system during the period after 5th day of the experiment. The results suggested that the mechanism of feldspar dissolution during the initial stages of the process does not correspond to a simple ion exchange and that it is more complicated.
VÝZKUM POZDNĚ KVARTÉRNÍ AKTIVITY ZLOMU KOSÍŘE V HORNOMORAVSKÉM ÚVALU ANEB PROČ JE DOBRÉ STUDOVAT SVAHOVINY A SEISMOGRAMY
Authors: Špaček Petr , Ambrož Vít
Published: January 2016

Preliminary results of a research into the late Quaternary slip of a major fault in the seismically active Upper Morava Basin are given. Three trenches, up to 6 m deep, were excavated at the foot of the Kosíř Fault scarp near Stařechovice and Čelechovice. The exposed complex sequences of colluvium and loess, now only partly dated by OSL and 14C, is heavily faulted. The faulting is explained by a tectonic slip at the Kosíř Fault and, in the Stařechovice trench, also by simultaneous slope deformations. None of the faults do off set the Holocene topsoil but the youngest of them were clearly active aft er the deposition of the youngest loess and indicate the slip of up to 1.4 m in Late Pleistocene. In Čelechovice trenches the minimum vertical throw of 4 m is indicated for the lower part of the sequence with assumed Late Pleistocene age. The geometry of the deformed zone suggests an oblique normal faulting with significant strike-slip component. The sense of shearing in the horizontal plane was not resolved. Minimum tectonic slip rate of 0.1‒0.3 mm/year in Late Pleistocene is suggested but this must be confi rmed by new dating. Our observations reveal surprisingly young and large deformation which may suggest a temporary increase of tectonic activity during Late Pleistocene.
Concise Review: Epigenetic Regulation of Myogenesis in Health and Disease
Authors: Sincennes Marie-Claude , Brun Caroline E. , Rudnicki Michael A.
Published: January 2016

Skeletal muscle regeneration is initiated by satellite cells, a population of adult stem cells that reside in the muscle tissue. The ability of satellite cells to self-renew and to differentiate into the muscle lineage is under transcriptional and epigenetic control. Satellite cells are characterized by an open and permissive chromatin state. The transcription factor Pax7 is necessary for satellite cell function. Pax7 is a nodal factor regulating the expression of genes associated with satellite cell growth and proliferation, while preventing differentiation. Pax7 recruits chromatin modifiers to DNA to induce expression of specific target genes involved in myogenic commitment following asymmetric division of muscle stem cells. Emerging evidence suggests that replacement of canonical histones with histone variants is an important regulatory mechanism controlling the ability of satellite cells and myoblasts to differentiate. Differentiation into the muscle lineage is associated with a global gene repression characterized by a decrease in histone acetylation with an increase in repressive histone marks. However, genes important for differentiation are upregulated by the specific action of histone acetyltransferases and other chromatin modifiers, in combination with several transcription factors, including MyoD and Mef2. Treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors enhances muscle regeneration and is considered as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of muscular dystrophy. This review describes the recent findings on epigenetic regulation in satellite stem cells and committed myoblasts. The potential of epigenetic drugs, such as HDAC inhibitors, as well as their molecular mechanism of action in muscle cells, will be addressed.

Significance

This review summarizes recent findings concerning the epigenetic regulation of satellite cells in skeletal muscle.
The Act of Manumission: Correlations Between the Freeing of Slaves and Socioeconomic Status of Philadelphia Quakers
Authors: Sottile Lauren
Published: January 2016

The Philadelphia Society of Friends battled to rid itself of the infection of slavery for nearly a century, finally forbidding slaveholding with the minutes of 1776. The road to redemption was not easy, as meeting members first struggled to realize the contradiction between their lifestyles and religion, then to stand up in singularity to present their newfound truth, and finally to address it on a large scale in order to convince their brothers of its sinfulness. The Society of Friends is often seen as a group of forward-thinking reformers, and while their actions came before many other abolitionist groups, their materializing consciousness was anything but unified.
Race Relations and the Ideology of Domesticity: A Study of the Women's Antebellum South
Authors: Firth Melanie
Published: January 2016

This paper will examine the relationships that existed between white, southern plantation mistresses and their female slaves. These interactions were shaped by the social mores of the 19th century American South, including the imposition of the "ideology of domesticity" on the mistresses. Equally important to the relationships between mistresses and their slaves were the damaging psychological effects caused by the masters' often frequent sexual liaisons with the slaves. Unfortunately, this created an inherent contradiction in the relationships because while the mistresses were preoccupied with the ideology of domesticity, they simultaneously furthered injustice towards slaves when presented with their husband's sexual exploits. Careful examination of interviews from former slaves taken during the federal writers' project of the 1930s sheds light on these complicated and intricate biracial relationships.
Multifuncionalidad, partes interesadas y legitimidad social del regadío: aproximación a tres canales sur-europeos
Authors: Ricart Casadevall Sandra
Published: January 2016

La gestión del regadío ha devenido protagonista de un debate multiescalar y supra temporal donde parte de la sociedad cuestiona sus límites socioeconómicos y ambientales, poniendo el énfasis en su capital territorial y su capacidad de adaptación ante los retos venideros. En el ámbito sur-europeo la yuxtaposición de canales tradicionales, modernizados y de nueva creación explica buena parte del dinamismo protagonizado por la matriz rural. El análisis del carácter multifuncional de tres casos de estudio sur-europeos (canal Segarra-Garrigues –Lérida–, canal de la Neste –Hautes-Pyrénées– y canal de la Muzza –Lombardia–) permite adentrarse en el debate sobre el futuro del regadío.
Antecedentes del abastecimiento de madera en la Ribera del Júcar
Authors: Izquierdo Aranda Teresa
Published: January 2016

El abastecimiento de madera fue un aspecto fundamental en el Reino de Valencia en los siglos medievales. La amplia planicie del litoral y la escasez de bosques cercanos llevaron por un lado a desarrollar estrategias para su aprovisionamiento y por otro a impulsar medidas para garantizarlo. En este sentido, el Júcar y su afluente el Cabriel jugaron un importantísimo papel en el tráfico de troncos procedentes de las sierras de Cuenca. Asimismo, los territorios circundantes se convirtieron en áreas primordiales dentro del proceso. En este artículo analizaremos las tácticas empleadas desde época almorávide y las circunstancias en que se desarrolló la conducción de troncos por el Júcar tras la conquista.
Desigualdades, redistribuição e o impacto do desemprego: tendências recentes e efeitos da crise económico-financeira
Authors: Carmo Renato Miguel , Cantante Frederico
Published: January 2016

Este artigo procura realizar uma breve comparação do nível de desigualdade de rendimento em Portugal face ao verificado no universo de países da UE-28. Para além de uma descrição dos indicadores fundamentais, promover-se-á uma caracterização sintética da desigualdade salarial no país. Na segunda parte, a análise recairá sobre o efeito da ação e da capacidade redistributiva do estado português em perspetiva comparada. Na última parte apresentar-se-á uma análise exploratória, tendo como referência os impactos sociais da atual crise económico-financeira sobre a evolução da relação estatística entre o aumento do desemprego e o nível das desigualdades de rendimento nos países europeus.
As mulheres perante o desafio de uma carreira internacional
Authors: Nunes Ana Rita , Casaca Sara Falcão
Published: January 2016

Este artigo resulta de uma investigação que procurou compreender as motivações, as experiências e os desafios enfrentados pelas mulheres envolvidas em processos de mobilidade internacional, tentando simultaneamente apreender o efeito do género nas respetivas experiências. Com este intuito, foram realizadas 20 entrevistas a gestoras que, durante o seu percurso profissional, participaram em experiências internacionais. A persistência de estereótipos de género e a escassez de mulheres em posições de liderança destacam-se enquanto referências aos obstáculos enfrentados, tanto antes como durante as experiências em análise. Além disso, em alguns contextos registaram-se situações de isolamento e também de maior exposição e visibilidade. Por fim, é possível destacar a centralidade assumida pela dimensão familiar enquanto condicionante das decisões de mobilidade e do desenvolvimento de uma carreira no plano internacional.
Exogamous patterns in four immigrant groups in Portugal (2001 and 2011)
Authors: Ramos Madalena , Gaspar Sofia , Ferreira Ana Cristina
Published: January 2016

This article analyses the exogamy patterns in four groups of immigrants to Portugal — from the Portuguese-speaking African Countries (PALOPs), EU-12, Brazil, and Eastern Europe — in 2001 and 2011. In the light of earlier studies, on the one hand the authors assess the existence of both gender differences and differences in terms of educational and age homogamy in these marriages. On the other, they also analyse the factors that explain the propensity to exogamic marriage. The results point to marriage patterns that differ according to gender, as well as to differences between the older waves of immigration (PALOPs and EU-12) and the more recent ones (Brazil and Eastern Europe). These data are interpreted in the final part of the article.
Cuidar das crianças entre Angola e Portugal: a parentalidade nas famílias transnacionais
Authors: Grassi Marzia , Vivet Jeanne
Published: January 2016

A partir dos dados de um inquérito do projeto de investigação do ICS “Transnational Child-Raising Arrangements between Angola and Portugal” (TCRAf-Eu 2008) e tendo em conta uma escala de análise transnacional, o presente artigo propõe um olhar sobre as formas que assumem os cuidados transnacionais às crianças e jovens de origem angolana, e como estas afetam as vidas daquelas que permanecem no país de origem, dos seus pais migrantes e dos seus cuidadores. As novas formas de família que emergem apontam para o lugar central da questão do género pondo em discussão o papel de ganha-pão dos pais.
A platform for brain-wide imaging and reconstruction of individual neurons
Authors: Economo Michael N , Clack Nathan G , Lavis Luke D , Gerfen Charles R , Svoboda Karel , Myers Eugene W , Chandrashekar Jayaram
Published: January 2016

The structure of axonal arbors controls how signals from individual neurons are routed within the mammalian brain. However, the arbors of very few long-range projection neurons have been reconstructed in their entirety, as axons with diameters as small as 100 nm arborize in target regions dispersed over many millimeters of tissue. We introduce a platform for high-resolution, three-dimensional fluorescence imaging of complete tissue volumes that enables the visualization and reconstruction of long-range axonal arbors. This platform relies on a high-speed two-photon microscope integrated with a tissue vibratome and a suite of computational tools for large-scale image data. We demonstrate the power of this approach by reconstructing the axonal arbors of multiple neurons in the motor cortex across a single mouse brain.
Schottky barrier diodes of corundum-structured gallium oxide showing on-resistance of 0.1 mΩ·cm2 grown by MIST EPITAXY®
Authors: Oda Masaya , Tokuda Rie , Kambara Hitoshi , Tanikawa Tomochika , Sasaki Takahiro , Hitora Toshimi
Published: January 2016

Thin-film corundum-structured gallium oxide (α-Ga2O3) Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were fabricated by growing α-Ga2O3 layers on sapphire substrates by the safe, low-cost, and energy-saving MIST EPITAXY® technique, followed by lifting off the α-Ga2O3 layers from the substrates. The SBDs exhibited on-resistance and breakdown voltage of 0.1 mΩ·cm2 and 531 V (SBD1) or 0.4 mΩ·cm2 and 855 V (SBD2), respectively. These results will encourage the future evolution of low-cost and high-performance SBDs with α-Ga2O3.
Catalytic Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Riccardiphenol B
Authors: Cottet Pierre , Bleschke Christian , Capdevila Montse Guiteras , Tissot Matthieu , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: January 2016

The first catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of riccardiphenol B, a sesquiterpene derivative isolated from a Japanese collection of the liverwort Riccardia crassa, has been achieved. A copper‐catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of trimethylaluminum was used at an early stage to generate the quaternary stereogenic center with high enantiomeric excess. The corresponding sterically encumbered aluminum enolate was directly trapped with an α‐amino ether, allowing after oxidation, the release of a key intermediate in the total synthesis of the target natural product.

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Invisible Security Ink Based on Water‐Soluble Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots
Authors: Song Zhiping , Lin Tianran , Lin Lihua , Lin Sen , Fu Fengfu , Wang Xinchen , Guo Liangqia
Published: January 2016

Stimuli‐responsive photoluminescent (PL) materials have been widely used as fluorescent ink for data security applications. However, traditional fluorescent inks are limited in maintaining the secrecy of information because the inks are usually visible by naked eyes either under ambient light or UV‐light illumination. Here, we introduced metal‐free water‐soluble graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g‐CNQDs) as invisible security ink for information coding, encryption, and decryption. The information written by the g‐CNQDs is invisible in ambient light and UV light, but it can be readable by a fluorescence microplate reader. Moreover, the information can be encrypted and decrypted by using oxalic acid and sodium bicarbonate as encryption reagent and decryption reagent, respectively. Our findings provide new opportunities for high‐level information coding and protection by using water‐soluble g‐CNQDs as invisible security ink.
Fluorescence turn‐on chemical sensor based on water‐soluble conjugated polymer/single‐walled carbon nanotube composite
Authors: Adachi Naoya , Okada Mari , Sugeno Masafumi , Norioka Takayuki
Published: January 2016

A chemical sensor for methyl viologen (MV2+), based on a water‐soluble conjugated polymer/single‐walled carbon‐nanotube (SWNT) composite, was fabricated. Water‐soluble poly(m‐phenylene ethynylene) with sulfonic acid side‐chain groups (mPPE‐SO3) was synthesized via a Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction and used to prepare a highly stable mPPE‐SO3/SWNT composite with strong π–π interactions in water. The relationship between the optical properties and sensing capability of the mPPE‐SO3/SWNT composite in aqueous solution was investigated. The addition of MV2+ enhanced the fluorescence intensity of the mPPE‐SO3/SWNT composite by inducing a conformational change of the polymer from a helical to a random‐coil structure. The water‐soluble mPPE‐SO3/SWNT composite enabled highly sensitive fluorescence detection of MV2+ in aqueous solutions with no precipitation resulting from reaggregation of the SWNTs. This mPPE‐SO3/SWNT composite sensor system is therefore an effective turn‐on chemical sensor for MV2+. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43301.
Flame retardancy and thermal properties of organoclay and phosphorous compound synergistically modified epoxy resin
Authors: Weng Zixiang , Senthil T. , Zhuo Dongxian , Song Lijun , Wu Lixin
Published: January 2016

Phosphorous flame retardants (PFRs) are common halogen‐free flame retardants. However, the flame retardancy of PFRs has not been fully exploited. Herein, the synergistic flame retardant effect of a typical phosphorous compound, 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), and organoclay on epoxy is studied. Results show that the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and smoke production rate of modified epoxy resin (EP) with both 2.0 wt % phosphorus and 4.0 wt % organoclay are only 40% and 46% of that of neat EP resin, respectively, while the sole use of 2.0 wt % phosphorus only decrease the pHRR to 59% of that of neat EP resin. The structure and thermal decomposition behavior of as‐prepared nanocomposites are analyzed, and a synergistic flame retardant mechanism is proposed. This investigation opens a new approach to obtain halogen‐free EPs with higher flame retardancy and better overall properties than the EPs loaded with DOPO only. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43367.
Antimicrobial silica and sand particles functionalized with an N‐halamine acrylamidesiloxane copolymer
Authors: Jiang Zhiming , Demir Buket , Broughton R. M. , Ren Xuehong , Huang T. S. , Worley S. D.
Published: January 2016

The monomer 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐(5‐methylhydantoinyl)propane (HA) was copolymerized with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (SL) and covalently attached onto silica gel and sand particles. As a result HASL copolymer‐grafted silica gel and sand particles (HASL SGPs and SPs) were obtained. These two types of HASL SGPs and SPs provided excellent biocidal efficacy against Gram positive S. aureus and Gram negative E. coli O157:H7 bacteria when the copolymer‐grafted particles were exposed to dilute sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) solution. In a flowing water application, seven logs of bacteria were inactivated within 10 s of contact time with the particles packed into a column. The treated particles also exhibited good washing and storage stabilities. The chlorine loss during extensive flow could be recovered by further exposure to dilute bleach solution. The antimicrobial particles have potential application for use in inexpensive disinfecting water filters for slow water flows. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43413.
Discovery of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives as Potent Neuraminidase Inhibitors against Influenza H1N1 Virus
Authors: Meng Fan‐Jie , Sun Tao , Dong Wen‐Zhen , Li Ming‐Hong , Tuo Zhong‐Zhen
Published: January 2016

Ten pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the replication of influenza virions. All the compounds were synthesized in good‐to‐excellent yield, and the structures were ascertained with the help of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass, and elemental analysis. Among the tested series, compound 4i was identified as the most potent analog against the H1N1 virus, with IC50 = 5.4 µM, while the rest of the compounds showed mild‐to‐moderate inhibition of infection. Moreover, these compounds showed excellent inhibitory activity against influenza A neuraminidase (NA), with IC50 values ranging from 2.15 to 7.54 µM, among which compound 4i showed the most prominent inhibition with IC50 = 1.32 µM. To further exemplify the molecular contacts with NA, a molecular docking study of 4i was conducted with the 3D crystal structure of enzyme H5N1‐NA in complex. Results showed that target molecules interact in a similar fashion with oseltamivir and zanamivir by creating interatomic contacts with Trp178, Glu227, and Arg371. Moreover, in the toxicity assay with the porcine renal proximal cell line, LLC‐PK1, the confocal images showed no appreciable change in morphological character at the highest tested dose.
Metagenomic mining of glycoside hydrolases from the hindgut bacterial symbionts of a termite (Trinervitermes trinervoides) and the characterization of a multimodular β‐1,4‐xylanase (GH11)
Authors: Rashamuse Konanani , Sanyika Tendai Walter , Mathiba Kgama , Ngcobo Thobile , Mtimka Sibongile , Brady Dean
Published: January 2016

In recent years, there have been particular emphases worldwide on the development and optimization of bioprocesses for the utilization of biomass. An essential component of the biomass processing conduit has been the need for robust biocatalysts as high‐performance tools for both the depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass and synthesis of new high‐value bio‐based chemical entities. Through functional screening of the metagenome of the hindgut bacterial symbionts of a termite, Trinervitermes trinervoides, we discovered open reading frames for 25 cellulases and hemicellulases. These were classified into 14 different glycoside hydrolase (GH) families: eight GH family 5; four GH9, two GH13, and one each in GH2, GH10, GH11, GH26, GH29, GH43, GH44, GH45, GH67, and GH94 families. Of these, eight were overexpressed and partially characterized to be shown to be endocellulases (GH5C, GH5E, GH5F, and GH5G), an exocellulase (GH5D), endoxylanases (GH5H and GH11), and an α‐fucosidase (GH29). The GH11 (Xyl1) was of particular interest as it was discovered to be a multimodular β‐1,4‐xylanase, consisting of a catalytic domain and two carbohydrate‐binding modules (CBMs). The CBM functions to selectively bind insoluble xylan and increases the rate of hydrolysis. The primary structure of GH11 showed a classical catalytic dyad of glutamic acid residues that generally forms part of the active site in GH11 enzyme family. This endoxylanase was optimal at pH 6 and 50 °C, and generated xylobiose and xylotriose from various xylan sources, including beechwood, birchwood, and wheat arabinoxylan. The catalytic ability of GH11 against natural substrate (e.g., wheat arabinoxylan) renders GH11 as a potential useful biocatalyst in the effective dismantling of complex plant biomass architecture.