bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Frequency of Fetal Loss in Fetuses with Normal Karyotype and Nuchal Translucency ≥ 3 among the Iranian Pregnant Women
Authors: Abotorabi Shokoh , Moeini Niloufar , Moghbelinejad Sahar
Published: October 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was comparison of association of three main first trimester screening factors with pregnancy outcomes among Iranian pregnant women.
Materials and methods: This prospective study was done during 2017-2019 years in Qazvin, Iran. To do so, a total of 1500pregnant women in first trimester were enrolled. At the first step, Nuchal translucency (NT) was measured in 11-13 ± 5 week, then the serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and free-β-human chorionic gonadotropin (free-β-HCG) were measured in 12-14 weeks of gestation. Pregnant women were followed up until the end of pregnancy for the complications of pregnancy such as intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR), intrauterine death (IUFD), different types of fetal loss and preterm labor.
Results: The results showed that low levels of serum biomarkers had more association with pregnancy complications in comparison to high levels of them. Significant association of IUGR (P = 0.001), IUFD (P = 0.032) and pre-term labor (P = 0.002) was shown in women with low serum levels of PAPP-A in comparison to low serum levels of free-β-hCG. Significant high frequency of different types of fetal loss (IUFD, Abortion, Elective termination) was shown in fetuses with N ≥ 3 in comparison to low levels of serum biomarkers (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of accurately interpreting the results of the first trimester of pregnancy screening which should be considered by primatologists for subsequent pregnancy care.
Quantitative HBsAg and Qualitative HBeAg Predicts Intrauterine Placental Infection and Umbilical Blood Cord in Pregnant Women
Authors: Gumilar Dachlan Erry , Nugraheni Cahyanti , Rahniayu Alphania , Aldika Akbar Muhammad Ilham
Published: October 2020

Objective: To know the correlation between quantitative HBsAg and maternal HBeAg with hepatitis B intrauterine transmission via placental infection. Hepatitis B in pregnancy causes a mother to child transmission (MTCT) via transplacental route started with placental infection. HBV DNA viral load and HBeAg are the independent risk factors for MTCT, but it rarely available in developing country.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study in 33 pregnant women with HBsAg positive in 4 referral hospital in East Java, Indonesia. Quantitative HBsAg and HBeAg status were determined serologically from a peripheral venous blood sample. Placental Hepatitis B infection was detected by immunohistochemistry of HBsAg from placental tissues. The intrauterine transmission was diagnosed by positive HBsAg in cord blood sampling after deliveries.
Results: Serum quantitative HBsAg level has a good sensitivity and spesificity to predict placental infection (90% and 83%), with a cut off value of 3.14 Log10 IU/mL (AUC 0.87; 95% CI: 0.74-0.99). Quantitative HBsAg level also has a good sensitivity and spesificity to predict HBV transmission in umbilical blood cord (81.8% and 95.5%) with a cut off value of 3.62 log10 IU/ml (AUC: 0.925, 95% CI: 0.813-1; p = 0.000). Placental infection is significantly related with intrauterine transmission with OR 4.6 (95% CI 2.29-9.4; p = 0.002).
Conclusion: The study reveals that maternal serum quantitative HBsAg level can be used as an alternative test to substitute HBeAg or HBV DNA as a marker to predict the placental infection and intrauterine transmission, especially in low-middle income countries.
Health Culture and Presenting a Paradigmatic Model Focusing on Human Papillomavirus Disease
Authors: Soltanizadeh Narges , Ameri Shahrabi Mohsen , Masjedi Mohammad Reza , Ainy Elaheh , Kavousy Esmaeel , Hashemi Seyyed Mahmoud
Published: October 2020

Objective: In this study, we developed a paradigmatic model focusing on human papillomavirus (HPV) diseases, in order to formulate a theory by investigating pathology in health culture using Grounded Theory, as an inductive and exploratory research method.
Materials and methods: It was a qualitative study, and data were collected using in-depth interviews with 20 people (10 men and 10 women) with cultural and religious specialties (clergy). In total, twenty interviews were conducted (mean duration = 45 min) using a semi-structured guide consisting of open-ended questions. All recordings were transcribed verbatim in Persian. All items were extracted based on the participants' responses and related literature. After data collection, the basic theory analysis was performed in terms of the three steps as follows: free coding, axial encryption, the implementation, refinement, and writing the theories in line with selective coding theoretical models. Finally, the paradigm model was determined from the presented models.
Results: The paradigm model emerged from professors, clergy, and authorized people, showed that religious taboos about sexually transmitted diseases; lack of wise management, comprehensive supervision, compliance with health standards in the country, proper legislation regarding sexually transmitted diseases as causal factors, awareness, health education in the country, public demand for health, individual dignity, punishment for health detractors, familiarity with individual rights as intervening factors, concern for human lives, health, and belief in fatalism; ethnic differences; irresponsibility; risk perception; high cost of HPV vaccine; immorality in health speech; disregard for people's lives; gender differences as contextual factors; and the consequences is increasing burden of diseases  due to sexually transmitted disease such as (HPV).
Conclusion: It seems the overall lack of a health-based approach could be a major concern due to the weakness of cultural management in society that requires the involvement and intervention of all policymakers, health planners, authorized people, professors, elites, and clerics to control this major cultural health problem.
EGY SAJÁTOS LÍRAI MŰFAJRÓL JÓZSEF ATTILA, RADNÓTI MIKLÓS ÉS KÁNYÁDI SÁNDOR VERSEIBEN
Authors: HORVÁTH Kornélia
Published: October 2020

József Attilánál és később Radnótinál feltűnik egy sajátos lírai műfajforma, amelyet az irodalomelméleti és poétikai könyvek aligha tartanak számon önálló műfajként. E versek közös vonása, hogy címük egyetlen szóból, nyelvtani formáját tekintve folyamatos melléknévi igenévből áll. Az esetek egy részében a címszó főnevesült formában is használatos a magyar nyelvben (pl. a Bevezető vagy az Altató József Attilánál, a Sirató, a Toborzó Radnótinál, az Álmodó vagy Ballagó Kányádi költészetében). Több alkalommal azonban éppen önálló címszóvá emelésük ad nekik főnévi funkciót, s ezáltal sajátos műfajmegjelölő erőt (pl. Hívogató, Dudoló [József Attila], Szusszanó, Bájoló [Radnóti], Hessegető, Kerekítő [Kányádi]). Mi több, e címek között előfordulnak egészen ritka vagy tájnyelvi szavak is (pl. Keseredő [Radnóti], Tűvé-tevő, Kallózó [Kányádi]), s néha egy-egy önálló költői szóalkotással, hapax legomenonnal is találkozhatunk (Tószunnyadó [József Attila], Emlékvirrasztó [Kányádi]). A dolgozat e műfajforma poétikai és tematikus sajátosságait, potenciális gyökereit és az egyes költők esetében fellelhető különbözőségeit igyekszik feltárni, különösen József Attila és Radnóti költeményeinek vizsgálatával, ily módon is tisztelegve Bori Imre tudományos munkássága előtt.
KRISZTUS ÉS MÁRIA MENNYBEMENETELE
Authors: POLGÁR Anikó
Published: October 2020

A tanulmány Bori Imre nagy hatású, A látomások költészete című Weöres-tanulmányához kötődik, de természetesen a kortárs Weöres-szakirodalomra is épít. A Mária mennybe- menetele című versről Bori Imre még a Tizenegy szimfónia című kötet megjelenése előtt megállapította, hogy „az egybejátszások nagy verse ez: a »Mária-képzet« vonatkozásai egy szimfónia tételeinek módján s ellenpontjaival bontakoznak ki” (Bori 1965, 59). A tanulmány Weöres sokrétű és több hagyományt magába olvasztó költeményének görög‒latin intertextusai közül tár föl néhányat, az ókortól a középkorig (pl. Homérosz, Szent Hildegárd). A szövegkapcsolatok felmutatása nem öncélú, hanem a műértelmezés határainak kitágítását célozza. Az elemzés egyik lényegi része Kürénéi Szünésziosz húsvéti éneke, melyet Weöres fordított, s mely motivikus és szövegszerű kapcsolatban is van a Mária mennybemenetelével. Weöresnél, ahogy Bartal Mária is megállapítja, Mária és Krisztus személyének egymásra montírozásáról van szó: az ő szövegében Mária úgy megy föl a mennybe, mint Szünésziosznál Krisztus, a fénytelen mélyből indul, s onnan kerül a bolygók szférájába. Az anya és fia azonosítása azzal a püthagoreus szemlélettel is összhangban van, mely szerint a sírfeliratokon a női nemeket hímneműre változtatták, hogy a lélek neme megfeleljen az istenség nemének. Előfordul, hogy Weöres a hasonló szóválasztással szorosabbra fűzi a két vers közötti viszonyt, a Szünésziosz-fordításban pl. a mennybe menő Krisztus lába elé fényszőnyeg borul („s a Titán szőnyegként / leborítja tüzes haját”), Weöres versében pedig az angyalszárnyak borulnak szőnyegként Mária útjára. A két szöveg tudatos összekapcsolását az alapján is feltételezhetjük, hogy a görögben nincs szó szőnyegről.
Pengaruh Jumlah Saham Beredar, Harga Saham dan Presentase Saham Publik Terhadap Likuiditas Saham Perusahaan Yang Listing di JII Periode 2013
Authors: Erlinawati Ira , Mawardi Imron
Published: October 2020

The increase on market capitalization, number of traded shares, frequency of stocks trading and stocks price index influence the stock liquidity. Stocks which have a high market capitalization and that index prices always increase reflected in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). It is because the majority shares on JII are member of LQ45 which have a big market capitalization and good track record. Therefore interesting to do research to see the effect of the number of shares, the stock price and the percentage of public stock to the stock liquidity of listed companies on JII. The approach used in this research is quantitative with multiple linear regression analysis technique. The independent variables are the number of shares, the stock price and the percentage of public stock, and the dependent variable is stock liquidity. The samples are 30 listed companies on JII of period 3 June to 29 November 2013. Simultaneously, the number of shares, the price stock and the percentage of public stock have significant effect on stock liquidity. Partially, only the price stock and the percentage of public stock that affect on stock liquidity.
THz Properties of Long YBaCuO Bicrystal Josephson Junction Studied with a Cold-Electron Bolometer
Authors: Pankratov Andrey , Revin Leonid , Gordeeva Anna , Masterov Dmytry , Parafin Alexey , Zbrozhek Viktor , Kuzmin Leonid
Published: October 2020

The response of the Cold-Electron Bolometers (CEBs), integrated into a 2-D array of dipole antennas, has been measured by irradiation from YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ (YBCO) 50 $\mu$m long Josephson junction into the THz region at frequencies from 0.1 to 0.8 THz. The possibility of controlling the amplitude-frequency characteristic is demonstrated by the external magnetic field in the traveling wave regime of a long Josephson junction. YBCO junction has been formed on the bicrystal Zr$_{1-x}$Y$_x$O$_2$ (YSZ) substrate by magnetron sputtering and etching of the film. CEBs have been fabricated using an Al multilayer structure by a self-aligned shadow evaporation technique on Si substrate. Both receiver and oscillator have been located inside the same cryostat at 0.3K and 2.7K plates, respectively.
Differential Response of Linum Album Ky. ex Boiss. Accessions to Long-term Water Deficit Stress
Authors: Kiani Reza , Nazeri Vahideh , Shokrpour Majid , Hano Christophe
Published: October 2020

Linum album is an important medicinal plant contains important lignan compounds such as podophyllotoxin as well as fatty acids. Despite the high medicinal value, it has not been studied in agricultural conditions so far. This study was conducted to evaluate the morphological, phenological, and physiological responses of six L. album accessions under water deficit treatments (100% available water, 75%, 50%, and 25%) in pot conditions. Based on the results the morphological properties of accessions reduced due to water deficit. Accessions of UTLA7 and UTLA9 showed higher seed yield and dry weight of the vegetative part. The occurrence of phenological stages in the accessions showed a significant difference. Maturity was accelerated in plants under stress conditions, and accession of UTLA9 completed its growth earlier than others. Physiological responses of the accessions did not have the same trend based on the measured traits, and significant differences were observed depending on the trait and accession. The most important result of this study was the diversity of responses in different accessions. The results showed that the effect of water stress on the measured traits depends on the level of stress and accession, which suggests that it is possible to select the tolerable accessions for the production of the desired product. Based on the results, plant breeders may be able to use the chlorophyll content as a marker to identify tolerate L. album accessions.
Membrane-Activating Triphenylphosphonium Functionalized Ciprofloxacin for Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Kang Sangrim , Sunwoo Kyoung , Jung Yuna , Hur Junho , Park Ki-Ho , Kim Jong Seung , Kim Dokyoung
Published: October 2020

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a severe problem for public health. Developing new antibiotics for MDR bacteria is difficult, from inception to the clinically approved stage. Here, we have used a new approach; we have modified the antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CFX), with triphenylphosphonium (TPP, PPh3) moiety via ester- (CFX-ester-PPh3) and amide-coupling (CFX-ester-PPh3), to target bacterial membranes. In this study, we have evaluated the antibacterial activities of CFX and its derivatives against 16 species of bacteria, including MDR bacteria, using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, morphological monitoring, and expression of resistance-related genes. TPP-conjugated CFX, CFX-ester-PPh3 and CFX-amide-PPh3 showed significantly improved antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, including MDR S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The MRSA ST5 5016 strain showed high antibacterial activity, with an MIC values of 11.12 µg/mL for CFX-ester-PPh3 and 2.78 µg/mL for CFX-amide-PPh3. The CFX derivatives inhibited biofilm formation in MRSA by more than 74.9% of CFX-amide-PPh3. In the sub-MIC, CFX derivates induced significant morphological changes in MRSA, including irregular deformation and membrane disruption, accompanied by a decrease in the level of resistance-related gene expression. With these promising results, this method is very likely to combat MDR bacteria, through a simple TPP moiety modification of known antibiotics, which can be readily prepared at clinical sites.
From FAANG to Fork: Application of Highly Annotated Genomes to Improve Farmed Animal Production
Authors: Clark Emily L , Archibald Alan L , Daetwyler Hans D , Groenen Martien AM , Harrison Peter W , Houston Ross D , Kuehn Christa , Lien Sigbjorn , Macqueen Daniel J , Reecy James M , Robledo Diego , Watson Mick , Tuggle Christopher K , Giuffra Elisabetta
Published: October 2020

Here we review and describe a set of research priorities to meet present and future challenges posed to farmed animal production that build on progress, successes and resources from the Functional Annotation of ANimal Genomes (FAANG) project.
Follow-up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin
Authors: Ahmadi Shukrullah , Le Bot Barbara , Zoumenou Roméo , Durand Séverine , Fiévet Nadine , Ayotte Pierre , Massougbodji Achille , Alao Jules , Cot Michel , Glorennec Philippe , Bodeau-livinec Florence
Published: October 2020

Lead exposure is associated with poor cognitive development in children. Very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have studied blood lead levels (BLLs) and non-gasoline sources of exposure in children. Data from a birth cohort in Benin (2011-2013) suggested that 58% of one-year-old children had BLLs > 50 ug/L. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated BLLs (>50 µg/L and >100 µg /L) among 425 of these children at six-years-of-age in 2016-18 and to compare BLLs between age one-year and six-years and study sources of lead at six years. BLLs were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression and quantile regressions were used to study potential sources of lead. The prevalence of BLLs >50 µg/L in children was 59.5% [Geometric Mean (GM) 56.4 µg/L, 95% CI: 54.1 - 58.7] at six years of age compared to 54.8% [GM 56.5 µg/L, 95% CI: 53.4-59.6] at one year of age. The prevalence of children with BLLs >100 µg/L decreased from 14.4% at one year of age to 8.2% at six years of age. After adjustment for all other covariates, consumption of peanut more than once per month was significantly associated with a 22.0% (95% CI: 4.6, 42.5) increment in BLLs at six years compared with no consumption. Consumption of bushmeat killed by lead bullets at six years was associated with an increase in the higher percentiles of BLLs (P75) compared with the absence of this source. Other potential sources of lead associated with BLLs with marginal significance were consumption of rice, paternal occupational exposure, and the presence of activity with the potential use of lead. This prospective cohort confirms the persistently high prevalence of elevated BLLs in children residing in a rural region in the south of Benin as well as the presence of multiple and continuous sources of lead. These results highlight the need for prevention programs to reduce and eliminate lead exposure in children.
Transstadial Transmission from Nymph to Adult of Coxiella burnetii by Naturally Infected Hyalomma lusitanicum
Authors: González Julia , González Marta G. , Valcárcel Félix , Sánchez María , Martín-Hernández Raquel , Martín-Hernández Raquel , Olmeda A. Sonia
Published: October 2020

Coxiella burnetii (Derrick) Philip, the causative agent of Q fever, is mainly transmitted by aerosols, but ticks can also be a source of infection. Transstadial and transovarical transmission of C. burnetii by Hyalomma lusitanicum (Koch) has been suggested. There is a close relationship between this tick species, wild animals and C. burnetii but the transmission in a natural environment has not been demonstrated. In this study, we collected 80 engorged nymphs of H. lusitanicum from red deer and wild rabbits. They molt to adults under laboratory conditions and we feed them artificially through silicone membranes after a preconditioning period. C. burnetii DNA was tested in ticks, blood and feces samples using real-time PCR. The pathogen was found in 36.25% of fed adults demonstrating that transstadial transmission from nymph to adult occurs in nature. The presence of DNA in the 60% of blood samples confirms that adults transmit the bacteria during feeding. Further studied are needed about co-feeding and other possible transmission routes to define the role of this tick species in the cycle of C. burnetii.
pandapipes: an Open Source Piping Grid Calculation Package for the Application in Coupled Multi-Energy Grid Simulations
Authors: Lohmeier Daniel , Cronbach Dennis , Drauz Simon Ruben , Braun Martin , Kneiske Tanja Manuela
Published: October 2020

The increasing complexity of the design and operation evaluation process of multi-energy grids (MEGs) requires tools for the coupled simulation of power, gas and district heating grids. Most tools analyzed in this paper either do not allow coupling of infrastructures, simplify the grid model or are not publicly available. We introduce the open source piping grid simulation tool pandapipes that – in interaction with pandapower - fulfills three crucial criteria: clear data structure, adaptable MEG model setup and performance. In an introduction to pandapipes we illustrate how it fulfills these criteria through its internal structure and demonstrate how it performs in comparison to STANET®. Then we show two case studies that have been performed with pandapipes already. The first case study demonstrates a peak shaving strategy as interaction of a local electricity and district heating grid in a small settlement. The second case study analyzes the potential of a power-to-gas device to serve as flexibility in a power grid under consideration of gas grid constraints. They both show the importance of a clear database, a simple simulation setup and good performance to set up different large and complex studies on grid infrastructure design and operation.
Asparagopsis armata Exudate Cocktail: The Quest for the Mechanisms of Toxic Action of an Invasive Seaweed on Marine Invertebrates
Authors: Silva Carla , Simões Tiago , Félix Rafael , Soares Amadeu , Barata Carlos , Novais Sara , Lemos Marco
Published: October 2020

The red seaweed Asparagopsis armata exhibits a strong invasive behaviour and is included in the list of the “Worst invasive alien species threatening biodiversity in Europe”. This seaweed has been shown to produce a large diversity of halogenated compounds with effective biological effects, deeply affecting rockpool species. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the biochemical responses to sublethal concentrations of Asparagopsis armata exudate on two coastal organisms, the marine snail Gibbula umbilicalis and the rockpool shrimp Palaemon elegans. Antioxidant defences superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), oxidative damage endpoints lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage, the neuronal parameter acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as the fatty acid profile were evaluated. Results revealed different metabolic responses between species, indicating that A. armata exudate affected the organisms through different pathways. Despite previous studies indicating that the exudate effected G. umbilicalis’ survival and behaviour, this does not seem to result from oxidative stress or addressed neurotoxicity. On the other hand, for P. elegans, an inhibition of AChE and the decrease of antioxidant capacity concomitant with the increase of LPO, suggests neurotoxicity and oxidative stress as mechanisms of exudate toxicity for this species. For fatty acids, there were different profile changes between species, also more pronounced for P. elegans with a general increase in PUFA with exudate exposure, which commonly means a defence mechanism protecting from membrane disruption. Nonetheless, the omega-3 PUFAs ARA and DPA were increased in both invertebrates, indicating a common mechanism regulation of inflammation and immunity responses to this stress. This work provides further insight on the mechanisms of invertebrate response and tolerance to an expanding coastal environmental stress as is the marine invader A. armata.
Fermentation Technology as a Driver of Human Brain Expansion
Authors: Bryant Katherine , Hansen Christi , Hecht Erin
Published: October 2020

Thesis Statement: The consumption of externally fermented foods acted as the initial metabolic trigger enabling hominid brain expansion. Because brain tissue is metabolically expensive, it is thought that the evolution of humans’ large brains was only possible through a concomitant reduction in the size of another expensive organ system, the gut. However, this gut reduction must have itself been made possible by dietary changes, the nature of which are still unclear. Here, we propose that the initial metabolic trigger of hominid brain expansion may have been the consumption of externally fermented foods. We define “external fermentation” as occurring outside the body, as opposed to the internal fermentation that occurs through the gut microbiome. This practice could have begun accidentally and with limited understanding, but over time, fermentation technologies may have become increasingly intentional, socially-transmitted, and culturally-reinforced. We detail the mechanisms by which external fermentation can mediate the evolution of increased brain size, as well as a reduction in gut size, by increasing the bioavailability of macro- and micronutrients while reducing digestive energy expenditure. Importantly, we calculate that the reduction in human gut size relative to modern apes is mainly due to a reduction in the colon, the site of internal fermentation. We also discuss the explanatory power of our hypothesis relative to others, including realistic plausibility in hominids with brains roughly the size of modern chimpanzees. Finally, we survey external fermentation practices across human cultures to demonstrate its viability across a huge range of environments, temperatures, and food sources. We close with suggestions for empirical tests.
A Review of Density Functional Models for the Description of Fe(II) Spin Crossover Complexes
Authors: Römer Anton , Hasecke Lukas , Blöchl Peter , Mata Ricardo A.
Published: October 2020

Spin crossover (SCO) complexes are in the forefront of image, memory and sensing devices, with applications already established since for thirty years. In order to reach magnetic multistability conditions, the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states have to be carefully balanced by ligand field stabilization and spin pairing energies. Both of these effects could be effectively modelled by electronic structure theory, if the description would be accurate enough to describe these concurrent influences to within a few kJ/mol. Such a milestone would allow for the in silico-driven development of SCO complexes. However, so far, the ab initio simulation of such systems has been dominated by general gradient approximation density functional calculations. The latter can only provide the right answer for the wrong reasons, given that the LS states are grossly stabilized. In this contribution, we explore different venues for the parameterisation of hybrid functionals. A fitting set is provided on the basis of explicitly correlated coupled cluster calculations, with single- and multi-dimensional fitting approaches being tested to selected classes of hybrid functionals (hybrid, range separated and local hybrid). Promising agreement to benchmark data is found for a rescaled PBE0 hybrid functional and a local version thereof, with a discussion of different atomic exchange factors.
Air Pollution-Related Health Impacts on Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: Environmental Justice and Health Vulnerability in Salt Lake County, Utah
Authors: DeMarco Angelina , Hardenbrook Rebecca , Rose Jeff , Mendoza Daniel
Published: October 2020

Experiences of homelessness, although widely varied, are characterized by extensive time in public spaces, often outdoors. However, there has been little empirical research about the ways in which environmental factors affect individuals experiencing homelessness (IEHs). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use an environmental justice approach to understand how cardiopulmonary health of IEHs is affected by episodic poor air quality in Salt Lake County. It was hypothesized that people who had experienced unsheltered homelessness and those who had been experiencing homelessness for longer periods of time would report greater health difficulties from poor air quality exposure. Through a combination of in-person semi-structured interviews with IEHs (n = 138) and access to corresponding state-based service provider databases, researchers examined both overall descriptives of and relationships between types (sheltered and unsheltered) and duration (chronic and non-chronic) of homelessness. More than 61% of IEHs reported physical reactions to air pollution, 37% reported air pollution-related emotional stress, and more than 89% had sought medical attention for a condition related to air pollution. Findings indicate that while IEHs report a number of health effects related to poor air quality, there were no significant differences between individuals based on either sheltered status or duration of their experiences of homelessness. This study provides an initial empirical inquiry to understand how environmental disamenities negatively influence IEHs, as well as noting that sheltered status and duration of homelessness are less impactful than originally hypothesized.
Application and Comparison of MLR, ANN and CART Models for Predicting PM10 Concentration Level of Guwahati City (India)
Authors: Dutta Abhishek , Jinsart Wanida
Published: October 2020

Indian cities are increasingly becoming susceptible to PM10 induced health effects which have become a matter of concern for the policymakers of the country. Air pollution is engulfing the comparatively smaller cities as the rapid pace of urbanization, and economic development seems not to lose steam ever. A review of air pollution of 28 cities of India, which includes tier-I, II, and III cities of India, found to have grossly violated both WHO and NAAQS standards in respect of acceptable daily average PM10 concentrations by a wide margin. Predicting the city level PM10 concentrations in advance and accordingly initiate prior actions is an acceptable solution to save the city dwellers from PM10 induced health hazards. Predictive ability of three models, linear MLR, nonlinear MLP (ANN), and nonlinear CART, for one day ahead PM10 concentration forecasting of tier-II Guwahati city, were tested with 2016-2018 daily average observed climate data, PM10, and gaseous pollutants. The results show that the non-linear algorithm MLP with feedforward backpropagation network topologies of ANN class, giving the best prediction value when compared with linear MLR and nonlinear CART model. ANN (MLP) approach, therefore, may be useful to effectively derive a predictive understanding of one day ahead PM10 concentration level and thus provide a tool to the policymakers for improving decision-making associated with air pollution and public health.
Strategies for Delivering Mental Health Services in Response to Global Climate Change
Authors: Palinkas Lawrence , O’Donnell Meaghan , Lau Winnie , Wong Marleen
Published: October 2020

This review examines from a services perspective strategies for preparedness and response to mental health impacts of three types of climate-related events: 1) acute climate-related events such as hurricanes, floods and wildfires, 2) sub-acute or long-term changes in the environment such as drought and heat stress; and 3) the existential threat of long-lasting changes, including higher temperatures, rising sea levels and a permanently altered and potentially uninhabitable physical environment. Strategies for acute events include development and implementation of guidelines and interventions for monitoring and treating adverse mental health outcomes and strengthening individual and community resilience, training of non-mental health professionals for services delivery, and the mapping of available resources and locations of at-risk populations. Additional strategies for sub-acute changes include advocacy for mitigation policies and programs and adaptation of guidelines and interventions to address the secondary impacts of sub-acute events such as economic loss, threats to livelihood, health and well-being, population and family displacement, environmental degradation and collective violence. Strategies for long-lasting changes include implementation of evidence-based risk communication interventions that address the existential threat of climate change, promoting the mental health benefits of environmental conservation, and promoting positive mental health impacts of climate change.
Improving Horizontal Well MPD by using a Dual-Channel Drillstring
Authors: Breivik Dag Helge , Rørvik Helge , Vestavik Ola Michael
Published: October 2020

The Wisting Field is located offshore in the Barents Sea north of Norway. The field development requires drilling and completion of horizontal wells in a narrow pressure window, which is challenging for conventional technology. The Reelwell Drilling Method (RDM) provides a solution for managed pressure drilling (MPD) to mitigate these challenges. Based on the use of dual-channel drillpipe, RDM enables the pressure gradient in the openhole section to be held constant and nearly independent of the drilling fluid flow rate. RDM provides low-energy drilling, i.e., efficient drilling and hole cleaning when using low flow and low-drillstring rotation speed. This allows drilling of horizontal sections within a small pressure window and limits drillstring fatigue in high-dogleg applications.

In order to start qualification of RDM for the Wisting Field, a horizontal trial well was drilled in fall 2018 at the Ullrigg Drilling and Well Test Centre, located at the NORCE Norwegian Research Centre in Stavanger, Norway. The goal for this trial well was to prove the dual-channel drillpipe capability to perform low-energy drilling, i.e., low-rotary speed, low flow, and stable downhole pressure gradient. The trial well had a challenging geometry with up to 14°/30-m build rate, as required for the field. The 9½-in. horizontal section was drilled in order to check the performance of the RDM and start the qualification of the RDM for the Wisting Field.

The trial well was drilled with a low-flow motor, i.e., with flow rates around 700 lpm. The string rotation speed was held lower than 5 rpm to limit drillstring fatigue in the high-dogleg section of the well. Efficient drilling and hole cleaning of the 9½-in. horizontal hole section was demonstrated. The results from the trial confirm the predicted performance for the RDM. The results indicate that RDM can keep well pressure gradient within the required window and mitigate the drilling challenges for the Wisting Field. The RDM architecture with return flow in the inner string represents a major advantage to avoid cuttings build up in the well, challenges with laminar return flow, formation wash-outs, mechanical down hole dynamics and ECD control by low energy drilling.
Innovative MPD Well Kill/Balance Technique
Authors: Nabiyev Akram , Parker Martyn , Okeke Ernest , Walk Tyler
Published: October 2020

The Austin Chalk is an upper Cretaceous geologic formation in the Gulf Coast region of the United States. For the purpose of this paper, this Austin chalk under consideration is in central Texas. The formation is known for having a wide range in pressure differential, making it difficult to predict the fracture and pore pressure limits on some of the wells. Due to this uncertainty, some operators tend to assume the well problems are related to ballooning/breathing. This assumption leads to drilling issues such as but not limited to stuck pipe, excessive mud losses, and tripping challenges.

With reference to this SPE paper, An operator had encountered some of the mentioned issues above in their previous wells and was looking for a CBHP MPD solution, capable of bridging their internal knowledge gap to becoming MPD aware. MPD was rigged up prior to drilling the horizontal production hole at ±13,000 ft MD. The initial mud weight was 10.5 ppg with MPD maintaining an 11.4 ppge. Later a high-pressure zone was encountered at ±13,500 ft MD requiring 11.6 ppge to control the formation fluid. Drilling continued until ±16,000 ft MD where an 11.5 ppge loss zone was encountered. Therefore this well had no drilling window.

The window stabilized after circulating a few bottoms up with backpressure and lost circulation material. MPD minimized mud losses/gains and helped reach TD safely. At TD, a bigger challenge was how to trip out without swabbing. The Tripping was achieved by placing a heavy pill above the high-pressure gas zone and avoiding the loss zone. When tripping pipe and casing, proper fill was achieved by circulating kill weight mud across the well with MPD. The casing and cementing operation was subsequently conducted and was successfully completed with the utilization of MPD.
An Integrated Approach for Well Design Optimization with MPD and its Impact on Value
Authors: Gabaldon Oscar , Gonzalez Luis Romar , Brand Patrick , Saber Sherif , Kozlov Anton , Bacon William
Published: October 2020

In high pressure high temperature (HPHT) reservoirs and exploratory wells, especially in deep water, there is a higher degree of uncertainty, which can increase the operational costs due to non-productive time (NPT) and operational problems due to the unpredictable nature of these wells. For these challenging wells with narrow windows, Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) techniques offer cost-effective tools to increase the odds for achieving well and cost objectives assurance. There are significant benefits from early implementation of MPD in the project life cycle. These benefits include from improving operational efficiency to risk mitigation and safety enhancement. However, there is an enormous potential that many operators have been missing. This is related to the incorporation of MPD as a driver in optimizing the well design, which could greatly increase the possibilities of reaching target depth, and potentially prepare to eliminate one or more casing strings. Current well design process hinges on the ability to manage uncertainties by company or regulatory requirements, such as kick tolerance and safety factors. This work addresses the value added from implementing MPD in early stages in the project life cycle through the analysis of case studies. The cost savings from the impact on the well design are also discussed. This work also presents a in depth discussion on the benefits, and enablers of this approach. Furthermore, it presents considerations by taking advantage of dynamic processes facilitated with MPD. Finally, new guiding criteria to aim to constitute a systematic and integrated approach to ensure well integrity and optimize well design while also considering the operational implications and integral cost benefits is proposed to the industry. This paper represents the initial phase of a compressive long-term project to integrate two main components of well design. These are MPD adaptive well design, and statistical analysis based on variations of load and/or strength.
The Influx Management Envelope, Sensitivity of Model Choice
Authors: Berg Christian , Bacon William , Rinde Trygve , Solli Lars , Evjen Geir Arne , Culen Martin
Published: October 2020

The Influx Management Envelope (IME) is a tool for operational decision making when managing influxes in Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) operations. There have been numerous developments to the IME in recent years, and it is gaining traction over the MPD Operating Matrix (MOM). Calculation of the IME can be done in different ways. The original approach of calculating an IME described in (Culen et al. 2016), give less acceptable influx sizes than using multiphase simulations. Some of this can be attributed to the used Equation of State (EOS), and some to the distribution of gas in the wellbore. There is ongoing work for creating purpose-built tools for generating IME's that consider the gas as a single bubble, but with a real gas EOS, as well as considering gas distribution. In this work, the sensitivity to the model used when creating an IME is studied. This is done through comparing the single-bubble real-gas IME by (Berg et al. 2019) with IME's generated using Drillbench Dynamic Well Control as well as the commercial multiphase flow simulator Ledaflow for synthetic test wells. Discrepancies between the results are discussed and the differences in the underlying model and calculation procedure with respect to the end IME is elaborated.
Horizontal Coalbed Methane Wells Drilled with MPD using Produced Water
Authors: Parker Martyn , Seale Marvin , Nauduri Sagar , Abbey James , Seidel Frank , Okeke Ernest
Published: October 2020

Horizontal drilling in the Fruitland Formation, a Coalbed Methane (CBM) play located in the San Juan Basin (SJB), found across the states of Colorado and New Mexico can present a number of drilling and production challenges. Examples of these challenges include wellbore instability, severe fluid losses, high mud costs, formation damage, and post-well production issues.

Clear fluid brine systems such as Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) and Calcium Bromide (CaBr2) are usually preferred because of their compatibility with coals and their ability to minimize formation damage. However, these brines can instigate fluid losses, cause fluid handling issues, and create long-term production challenges. Coal instability in the horizontal play has historically led to events such as wellbore collapse, stuck pipe, lost Bottomhole Assemblies (BHAs), and challenges such as getting the pipe out of the hole at Total Depth (TD) and subsequently running completions. Ultimately, these problems led to sidetracks, incurring additional costs, time, and resources.

In May 2019, the Constant Bottomhole Pressure (CBHP) technique of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) was introduced to mitigate these challenges. Two wells with eight laterals and combined horizontal footage of ±46,000 ft were drilled using CBHP, maintaining 11.4 ±0.1 pound per gallon (ppg) Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) and Equivalent Static Density (ESD) in the lateral at ±2800 ft True Vertical Depth (TVD). With a focus on safety and training, the mud weight was staged down from 10.8 ppg on the first lateral to 9.8 ppg on the second. The final six laterals were drilled with 8.6 ±0.2 ppg produced water. This paper will detail the planning, training and staged implementation of CBHP MPD with produced water. It will briefly discuss improvement in wellbore stability, cost reduction for drilling laterals, and enhanced production after switching to produced water.
Bespoke Casing Design to Reduce ECD and Enable MPD for HPHT Culzean Project in the North Sea
Authors: Seymour D. A. , Oyovwevotu J. , Vavasseur D. , Albores S. O. , Casares V. , Garcia E. G. , Innamorati L. A. , Izquierdo G. A. , Langrill C. M. , Mazzina R. O. , Mitchell A. C. , Santi N.
Published: October 2020

The Culzean field combines both UHPHT reservoir conditions and an unusually narrow drilling window, at the top of the main reservoir, where reservoir pressure lies on a regional ‘broken seal’ rock strength line. This drove a need to find an improved well architecture, to allow production wells to be drilled close enough to the reservoir crest to maximize gas production volumes.

The solution: to develop heavy, ultra-high strength, sour service tubulars and use these in a well layout more typical of Deep Water designs than North Sea HPHT wells. Instead of setting a full production casing string, before drilling the target reservoir, a short production casing liner is hung from the fully rated sour service intermediate string, and tied back after the reservoir section has been drilled and a production liner run. This greatly reduces drilling circulating pressure losses in the reservoir section, allowing crestal targets, whilst providing very robust intermediate and production casing strings for long term well integrity. The reduction in ECD combined with the use of MPD technology, enables the drilling of this complex reservoir, in a safe and efficient manner.
2-D Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Riser Gas and Unloading in Various Pipe Diameters and Lengths
Authors: Kaldirim Omer , Kaldirim Ebubekir , Geresti Cameron , Manikonda Kaushik , Schubert Jerome J. , Hasan Abu Rashid
Published: October 2020

Limited studies are available for modeling gas migration in risers. Outdated and small-scale models provide insufficient reliability, and a thorough mechanistic description of the problem is still not available. A significant part of the problem concerns understanding how pressure, temperature, liquid properties, and gas-liquid dynamics effect gas expansion during migration.

This paper provides information on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations performed on gas injections in three static and dynamic vertical fluid columns, with and without back pressure measuring 27-ft. and 330-ft. tall with 6, 12, 19.5 in. diameter. These CFD simulations analyzed the recorded gas expansion, change in pressure and temperature, and the volume fraction of the gas throughout the riser. In addition, these simulations also analyzed the change in flow rate, velocity, and the unloading effect at the inlet and outlet.

The 330-ft. pipe simulation demonstrated explosive unloading behavior with maximum discharge velocity and flow rate of over 2.8-ft./sec. and 6617.5-gpm., while the shorter pipes demonstrated relatively slower overflow. The case with a 330-ft. pipe also recorded a rapid change in temperature close to the top. Back pressure application at the surface minimized the effects of unloading and slowed down expansion.
Successful Implementation of Continuous Circulation Technology in Exploratory Drilling in Ultra-Deepwater Offshore Nova Scotia
Authors: Wittig Russell , Johnson Rachel , Poletzky Isabel
Published: October 2020

During the second half of 2018, an operator faced significant downhole issues during exploration drilling on a semisubmersible rig in ultra-deepwater Nova Scotia. While these challenges would have made this well a candidate for the use of traditional surface backpressure managed pressure drilling (MPD) technology, the predrill forecast did not indicate the need for MPD, and during execution, it was not practical to install MPD because of the required time and detailed engineering to retrofit the rig.

During the original attempt to drill this well, the operator was forced to abandon the 12 1/4- × 14 1/2-in. hole section after mud losses, followed by wellbore breathing and associated gas events from the mud flowback. The well was undrillable with conventional methods, and the wellbore was plugged back and sidetracked. On the sidetrack, continuous circulation technology was implemented to help maintain a more constant bottomhole pressure, navigate the narrow drilling margin between pore pressure and fracture gradient, and help prevent wellbore breathing and associated gas on connections.

The planning and execution of this technology that allowed the operator to successfully drill through previously difficult targets are discussed, along with lessons learned for future wells. Overall, more than 30 connections were performed, with an average of 600-gal/min connection flow rate with synthetic oil-based mud over the two hole sections.
Advanced Modeling and New Fit for Purpose Fluids Unlock Potential of Hot Carbonate Reservoirs During Acid Fracturing in Uzbekistan
Authors: Abdrazakov Dmitriy , Yerikuly Yerlan , Komekbayev Bektursyn , Rasulov Khurshid
Published: October 2020

Selection of the optimum production stimulation strategy depends on the given reservoir and well parameters, with their uncertainties. This study proposes reservoir property-dependent profitability (RPDP) plots as a tool for stimulation treatment type selection. These plots helped to define acid fracturing as an optimum stimulation strategy for hot carbonate reservoirs, which are described in case studies.

The presented case studies describe implementation of an advanced approach to acid fracturing design and execution. The advanced approach consists of three key components. First is use of a single-phase retarded acid to achieve longer etched fracture half lengths, decrease volume of the treatment, and mitigate the potential for anhydrite precipitation. The second component of the approach is employing linear gel as a pad to minimize water breakthrough risks but, at the same time, provide adequate viscosity during the fracturing process. The third component is implementation of an advanced acid fracturing simulator, which can model complex acid-rock interaction and transport processes.

The combined advanced acid fracturing approach was applied to the design and execution of 15 acid fracturing jobs in Uzbekistan. Post-treatment production results showed that 300% productivity index (PI) increase was achieved for the entire set of wells. In comparison with the existing standard approach, the same PI increase was achieved with 70% less fluid pumped, and water breakthrough risk was successfully mitigated by optimization of fluid volumes in an advanced fracturing simulator.