bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of an elastomeric technology garment on different external and internal load variables
Authors: Gene-Morales Javier , Saez-Berlanga Angel , Babiloni-Lopez Carlos , Jiménez-Martínez Pablo , Ferri-Carruana Ana María , Martin-Rivera Fernando , Colado Juan Carlos
Published: January 2023

Resistance training is one key method for improving physical conditioning. With this purpose, Menatechpro System® has designed an avant-garde garment that includes elastomeric technology that may stimulate the neuromuscular system in a better way, but a deeper knowledge of its effects is needed. Objective: To explore the effects of a new garment with elastomeric technology on upper-limb performance, and neuromuscular, perceptual, and cardiovascular responses in two upper-extremities exercises. Methodology: Fit young men trained in resistance exercises performed a seated shoulder press (80% of one-repetition maximum) and push up (bodyweight) until muscle failure with the garment that incorporates the elastomeric technology versus a placebo garment without it. The number of repetitions, mean propulsive velocity, mean and peak muscle activation, rate of perceived effort and perceived velocity, and heart rate were analysed. Possible differences were obtained with a two-way mixed ANOVA of repeated measures with post-hoc analysis. Results: Compared with a placebo garment, the use of this new garment with elastomeric technology improved positively the physical performance and muscular activation during the exercises analysed (p ≤ .05). Conclusion: Menatechpro System®'s elastomeric technology integrated into the garment could provide an optimal neuromuscular stimulus for the development of the performance during the upper extremity training.
iPSC differentiation into various neuron subtypes
Authors: Cruz Emily , Mikati MD, PhD Mohamad
Published: January 2023

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been demonstrated to be a valuable tool in modeling diseases, investigating drug mechanisms, and understanding manifestations of disease in specific cell types. In the field of neurology, current studies are investigating the use of iPSCs as a regenerative therapy, which could be extremely beneficial for understanding and treating neurodegenerative diseases. While iPSCs have been used in various studies, a lack of familiarity with all available protocols for neuronal differentiation makes it difficult to identify best practices. Further, because neurological diseases can selectively impact certain types of neurons, it is useful to compile protocols to make different neuronal types. In this article, methods of differentiating iPSCs into various neuron subtypes are described in order to provide a consolidated list of protocols that will aid the analysis of suitable and available methods for specific research protocols. By compiling and summarizing these various methods, future studies can determine which methods are best for their specific research goals, regarding timing, efficiency, and accuracy.
KEPUTUSAN PENGGUNAAN E-WALLET GOPAY BERDASARKAN PENGARUH KEAMANAN, PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN DAN PERSEPSI MANFAAT
Authors: Sukmawati Kartika , Kowanda Dionysia
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keamanan, persepsi kemudahan dan persepsi manfaat terhadap keputusan pengguna untuk menggunakan layanan uang elektronik. Data primer didapatkan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 100 responden. Datadianalisis  dengan menggunakan uji-t dan uji r2 dengan alat bantu SPSS25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel keamanan tidak berpengaruh terhadap keputusan penggunaan e-wallet Gopay sedangkan variabel persepsi kemudahan dan persepsi manfaat berpengaruh terhadap keputusan penggunaan e-wallet Gopay
THE ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN THE SONG LYRICS “TO THE BONE” BY PAMUNGKAS
Authors: Wulandari Ratna
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan tiga jenis deixis pada lirik lagu “To the Bone” karya Pamungkas. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif. Peneliti menggunakan analisis dokumen sebagai instrumen dalam penelitian ini. Untuk menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan tiga langkah yaitu reduksi data, display data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tiga jenis deiksis (Levinson, 1983) yaitu: deiksis personal, deiksis spasial, dan deiksis temporal muncul dalam lagu “to the bone” karya Pamungkas. Dari temuan tersebut, penulis menemukan 83 deiksis personal, 1 deiksis temporal, dan 8 deiksis spasial. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa analisis deiksis pada lagu ini, data yang paling banyak diperoleh adalah deiksis personal yang terdiri dari 83 kata dibandingkan dengan deiksis temporal yang terdiri dari dua kata, dan deiksis spasial yang terdiri dari delapan kata.
Rasgos de Personalidad y su relación con la Resiliencia en Miembros de la Policía
Authors: Ulle Stalin , Núñez Núñez Mauricio
Published: January 2023

El presente estudio se realizó en miembros de la Policía Nacional Distrito- San Lorenzo, quienes, por su quehacer profesional, presentan diferentes situaciones particulares en el desarrollo de su trabajo y a su vez buscan medidas y estrategias para poder enfrentar cada una de las situaciones adversas en su rol laboral. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de rasgos de personalidad y la resiliencia en miembros de la policía. Metodología: El enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental y con un corte transversal, además, la muestra estuvo conformada por 95 miembros policiales en servicio activo. Resultados: existe una relación en nueve de los dieciséis rasgos de personalidad, estabilidad (p<0.001), dominancia (p<0.05), atención a las normas (p<0.001), atrevimiento (p<0.001), perfeccionismo (p<0.001), sensibilidad (p<0.05), abstracción (p<0.001), aprensión (p<0.05) y autosuficiencia (p<0.01). Conclusión: Los resultados permiten comprender que, a mayor presencia de rasgos de estabilidad, dominancia, atención a las normas, atrevimiento, abstracción y perfeccionismo, mayor capacidad de resiliencia. Mientras que, a mayor presencia de rasgos de sensibilidad, abstracción, aprensión y autosuficiencia, menor capacidad de resiliencia.
Enhancing food security and nutrition through resilient agrifood value chains
Authors: Adeyemo Olanike
Published: January 2023

The war in Ukraine, with other attendant consequences, has resulted in a massive decline in the supply of major staple foods leading to a rise in food prices globally. As the world focuses on the global food crises precipitated by the Ukrainian war; it is important to contextualize food and nutrition insecurity in the light of domestic challenges. Nigeria’s population in conflict zones have faced and will continue to face food insecurity crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity due to ruthless banditry in the northwest. For example, in 2016, the United Nations reported that Boko Haram bombings in Northern Nigeria disrupted trade routes between Chad and Nigeria, interrupting the supply of basic goods and causing local price hikes. In addition, climate change, natural disasters, violence between farmers and herders; kidnappings, and other forms of insecurity have impacted food production and distribution in Nigeria making food crisis a daily war for Nigerians. At the same time, agricultural productivity has steadily grown, and technological and institutional innovations have proliferated within agrifood markets and value chain with the potential to reduce poverty and food insecurity around the world. A food value chain (FVC) consists of all the stakeholders who participate in the coordinated production and value-adding activities that are needed to make food products. According to HLPE (2014), losses and wastes are common in all the phases of the FVCs (pre-harvest, harvesting and initial handling, storage, transport and logistics, processing and packaging, retailing and, finally, consumption activities). The agrifood value chain development in Nigeria is facing many barriers to fulfilling its potential including but not limited to capacity, enabling environment, governance, infrastructure, and policies conducive to sustainability and growth. Adding value post-production and minimizing losses with innovations in post-harvest and processing phases can have significant economic and environmental impacts, with input savings and carbon footprint reductions
Comparative assessment of microbial, proximate and sensory quality of bread produced from all-purpose flour and a blend of locally made flour
Authors: Mbachu Augustine , Chukwudozie Joy , Mbachu Nancy
Published: January 2023

The nutritional and sensory quality of different flour blends for baked products has been investigated. However, there is paucity of information on the quality of the conventional all-purpose flour which is expected to be chiefly of wheat origin and thus very expensive. Comparative analysis of the microbial, proximate and sensory quality of bread produced from all-purpose flour and blends of locally made flour was undertaken. Composite breads were produced from all-purpose flour (APF) 100%, wheat flour (WF) 100%, potato flour (PF) 100% and WF:PF blend (50%:50%). The microbial, proximate and sensory qualities, as well as the shelf life of the bread samples were determined. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. The bacterial and fungal counts were less than the maximum of 100 cfu/g recommended by the Standard Organization of Nigeria. The moisture and ash content of the PF bread was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the rest of the flour blends. Among the flour blends, APF recorded the lowest fiber, ash and protein content. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the mean sensory scores of APF bread and WF:PF bread with respect to taste and overall acceptability. PF and WF:PF bread had the highest shelf life of 8 and 7 days respectively. The nutritional composition of the bread produced from 100% WF and 50%:50% WF:PF blends were higher than that produced using the conventional APF. Thus, PF could be blended with WF to improve the nutritional quality and minimize cost of bread and other baked products.
Design and fabrication of a DC pump evaporative cooling system
Authors: Yahaya Muhammed , Ogundana Odunayo , Alonge Anthony , Owa Taiwo
Published: January 2023

The design, fabrication and evaluation of an evaporative cooling system was carried out. The system was cabinet was constructed with 1 mm thick aluminum sheets and jute wetted by water flowing by gravity through a series of perforated 25mm diameter pipes from a 60-liter capacity reservoir located at the top of the storage system. The cooler has 4 trays. A 0.5 horse power pump was installed for pumping water to the overhead reservoir. As evaporation took place, the temperature in the system dropped drastically from 24.6 to 30.5°C and the relative humidity in the cooling chamber increased to 97.5% compared to ambient relative humidity value of 58.9%. However, the testing of the evaporative cooling system shows that the tomatoes can be stored for an average of five (5) days with negligible changes in weight, color, firmness and rotting as compared to ambient condition which started rotting after four (4) days. The average cooling efficiency was 87.6%.
The role of hyperglycemia in the course of strokes in patients with diabetes
Authors: Mankovsky Boris
Published: January 2023

Hyperglycemia is an important factor in worsening the course and increasing the mortality rate in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents, both in patients with diabetes and in people without diabetes. It was estimated that the negative impact of hyperglycemia on the course of acute disorders of cerebral blood circulation can be compared with the impact of increasing of age by 20 years. There is no doubt that the post-stroke prognosis is much worse in elderly people. At the same time, the question of whether hyperglycemia independently affects the course and prognosis of a stroke (and then correcting hyperglycemia must necessarily lead to an improvement in the course of a stroke), or whether hyperglycemia is a so-called an epiphenomenon, that is, it only reflects the severity, type of stroke, localization and size of the focus of brain damage, but also does not affect the course of the stroke and has no independent pathogenetic significance, does not require mandatory active correction. This literature review summarizes new data on the course of stroke in patients with diabetes.
TIPOLOGÍA DE LOS DELITOS CONTRA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA COMETIDOS POR ALCALDES Y FUNCIONARIOS DE GOBIERNOS LOCALES EN LA REGIÓN DEL CUSCO
Authors: Pinares Ochoa Abdón , Cosio Dueñas Herbert
Published: January 2023

En los últimos se vienen evidenciado diversas formas de corrupción de funcionarios a todo nivel incluido los gobernantes de todos los poderes del estado. Este estudio tuvo por objeto describir y analizar la tipología de los delitos más frecuentes contra la administración pública cometidos por alcaldes y funcionarios de los gobiernos locales en la Región del Cusco. El proceso metodológico fue descriptivo y explicativo que consistió desde la revisión fuentes secundarias y primarias consistente examinar a la función de 23 alcaldes, gerentes y otros funcionarios con procesos penales por delitos contra la administración pública. El instrumento usado fueron cuestionarios y fichas de cotejo. La información fue procesada mediante el programa estadístico SPSS versión 22 en español; se realizó distribución de frecuencias y porcentajes. Los resultados indican que el 56,52% de los alcaldes y funcionarios públicos de los gobiernos locales que cometieron delito contra la administración pública, se encuentran con procesos penales, se sometieron a la colaboración eficaz, lo que prueba su propio delito. Las provincias con el mayor número de alcaldes y funcionarios procesados penalmente fue la de Urubamba y Anta. Los delitos que mayormente se han cometido son el de peculado en un 47,83 %; seguido de colusión en un 30,43 %, cohecho en un 13,04 % y concusión 8,7 % y. Se concluye que m{as de la mitad de los alcaldes y funcionarios, que cometieron actos delictivos se acogieron a la condición de colaboración eficaz; los ilícitos que más predominan son el de peculado y colusión.
Discussing Ethical Practices in Archaeology
Authors: Lorenzon Marta , Bonnie Rick , Thomas Suzie
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues for an open data policy in archaeology as a first step toward decolonization. We critically review the assumptions that open data may increase the chance of looting and propose a series of public engagement tools to bring community aspects in open data practices in Jordan. This aims at highlighting the challenges, opportunities and future directions for digital archaeological applications developed within archaeological projects in the Middle East.
A Future for Field-Schools?
Authors: Perry Sara , Dennis L. Meghan , Fredheim L. Harald
Published: January 2023

As digital tools and approaches become ubiquitous, discussions of the utility of distinguishing “digital” from supposedly “non-digital” approaches emerge. This calls for a centering of the digital in negotiating the big issues facing archaeology and heritage studies. One of these challenges is the increasing separation between theory and practice, between scholars and practitioners. Such separation leads to generalizing critiques that inhibit productive advancements.
This chapter explores the implementation of digitally-focused creative field-schools for situated reflexive learning and research. With reference to 5 years of data gathered at the University of York’s annual ‘Heritage Practice’ field-school, applied digital creative work as a gateway into larger disciplinary knowledge development is critically discussed, as are ethical accountability, and professional change. These field-schools offer rich laboratories in which to advance archaeological and heritage practice, as well as grounded interdisciplinary scholarship. Crucially, the approach is distinct from skills training, including the transformative experience of negotiating real-world constraints and the inevitability of compromise. Ultimately, the digital realm is not changing the questions asked or the dilemmas faced. Rather, it offers a crucial arena from which to approach such matters - and a necessary baseline from which to address the central questions of archaeology and heritage studies.
Conclusion
Authors: Nelson Stephanie
Published: January 2023

Ulysses and the Odyssey are finally similar in being essentially comic works, invested in both comedy’s interest in breaking through the fourth wall and in its valorisation of the human in its most ordinary aspect. In this regard as well both works are open-ended and juxtapose a linear narrative with an overall cyclical vision of human life. The fundamental interest of both works in the nature of language also enters in here, as language is both in time and timeless and blends a “meta” level with a level of essential human connectivity—and above all as language, like comedy, like identity is essentially paradoxical.
Life in Space
Authors: Phillips Mackowski Maura
Published: January 2023

Life in Space explores the many aspects and outcomes of NASA’s research in life sciences, a little-understood endeavor that has often been overlooked in histories of the space agency. Maura Mackowski details NASA’s work in this field from spectacular promises made during the Reagan era to the major new directions set by George W. Bush’s Vision for Space Exploration in the early twenty-first century. At the first flight of NASA’s space shuttle in 1981, hopes ran high for the shuttle program to achieve its potential of regularly transporting humans, cargo, and scientific experiments between Earth and the International Space Station. Mackowski describes different programs, projects, and policies initiated across NASA centers and headquarters in the following decades to advance research into human safety and habitation, plant and animal biology, and commercial biomaterials. Mackowski illuminates these ventures in fascinating detail by drawing on rare archival sources, oral histories, interviews, and site visits. While highlighting significant achievements and innovations such as space radiation research and the Neurolab Spacelab Mission, Mackowski reveals frustrations—lost opportunities, stagnation, and dead ends—stemming from frequent changes in presidential administrations and policies. For today’s dreams of lunar outposts or long-term spaceflight to become reality, Mackowski argues, a robust program in space life sciences is essential, and the history in this book offers lessons to help prevent leaving more expectations unfulfilled.
The Role of the Orthodontist
Authors: N. Dalbah Lana
Published: January 2023

Orthodontists play a key role in orthognathic surgery (OS) cases. They need to be involved in the assessment, surgical planning, orthodontic treatment, pre- and post-surgical management, and in finishing and retention of the cases. The complicated nature of these cases requires that the orthodontist be equipped with additional skills to manage them properly not only from a dental perspective, but also from a psychological one. In this chapter, we will be looking at the different roles the orthodontist plays in OS cases and how to best perform them.
Diamond as a Precision Cutting Tool
Authors: Sharma Anuj
Published: January 2023

Ultra precision diamond turning is one of the advanced techniques to generate highly finished optical grade surfaces. The machining at nano scale requires extremely small material to be removed which poses a severe challenge on the cutting tool. At nanoscale, the material strength becomes multi fold and it becomes extremely difficult to remove the material. A machining rule is that the tool must be harder than the workpiece. Diamond is the hardest known natural material. Thus at nano scale, single crystal diamond is commonly used as a cutting tool to remove the unwanted material from the work-piece. There are different orientations of the diamond cutting tool which are utilized depending on the work-piece being machined. Although diamond is the hardest, still there are various challenges in machining different kinds of materials from metals to semiconductors. Diamond machined work-piece surfaces find applications in a range of sectors from energy sector to biomedical and defense to optics industries. The present chapter covers the various aspects of single crystal diamond tool in ultra- precision machining. Tool-workpiece material interaction, material removal mechanisms and tool wear are some of the issues which have been covered in detail.
Exploring the Professional Development and Improvement Strategies of College Teachers’ Skills in the Twenty-First Century in the Era of Covid-19
Authors: Yue Xiaoyao , Ye Yan , Zou Linjiao
Published: January 2023

Covid-19, which suddenly broke out in 2019 and has been popular all over the world for more than 3 years, has brought unprecedented changes to human beings. Before that, colleges and universities have already need to change and innovate their curricula and teaching to teach “twenty-first century skills” for students, which are problem-solving and critical thinking, creativity and innovation, intercultural understanding, communications, information, media literacy, computing and ICT literacy, responsibility and leadership, accountability and productivity, self-direction and initiative, adaptability and flexibility. In this situation, TPD (teacher professional development) evokes teachers to satisfy students needs for education in the twenty-first century and in the era of Covid-19 even post-Covid-19, which increases the urgency and necessity. Through the systematic analysis of the relevant research results, summarized strategies of TPD in the twenty-first century Covid-19 and post-Covid-19 era: evaluation of TPD needs, cultivating skills of the twenty-first century, integrating ICT instruction, peer coaching, creating the positive culture of campus, building collaboration, initiative learning, embedding the core values, sustainable professional development, research projects and training teachers’ emergency capabilities, to meet teachers’ learning and practice, and to address challenges that have existed and may arise in future.
Perspective Chapter: Fabulous Design Speed Industrial Robotic Arm
Authors: Salih Mahdi Alkhafaji Falih
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on the design of a handling 5 Degree of freedom (DOF) robot arm model for industrial application. Optimal trajectory planning of industrial robots in the assembly line is a key topic to boost productivity in a variety of manufacturing activities. The aim is to improve the speed performance using multi techniques starting from estimating the transfer function of each manipulated joint, then designing the controller for each DOF reached to modeling arm motion. The designed model has been developed the structural design and testing motion characteristics by using SolidWorks and Simscape toolbox. To enhance the speed performance, it is proposed a High-Speed Proportional Integral Derivative controller (HSPID) based on an improved GA. The comparison response time between uncontrolled and controlled systems proves that the proposed controller produced extreme reduction responses to be measured within the Microsecond unit. Based on trajectory motion, the efficiency of the proposed method is assured by case study motions. The innovative design offers the best solution to rise accurate performance and productivity.
Particle Acceleration in the Venus Plasma Wake
Authors: Pérez-de-Tejada Hector , Lundin R.
Published: January 2023

Measurements conducted with the PVO and the VEX spacecraft have shown that the solar wind that streams around the Venus ionosphere produces plasma vortex-shaped structures across its wake. Those features are a varying property whose width gradually decreases with the downstream distance along the wake. Further studies suggest that as the width of the vortex structures becomes smaller with distance and since the total energy of the particles involved in the vortex motion should be maintained, the energy of particles that move in the central part of the wake should be enhanced. As a result, there should be a continuous energization of the planetary ions that are carried off by the solar wind from the Venus ionosphere; namely, accelerated planetary ions should be measured along the Venus wake. Different from measurements conducted in the Venus near wake where planetary O+ ions move with speeds smaller than those of the solar wind, the conditions far downstream along the wake imply that as a result of the gradual decrease of the vortex width with distance downstream from Venus, the planetary ions that stream in that direction acquire larger speed values and thus become accelerated.
Perspective Chapter: Traditional African Vegetables Agrobiodiversity – Livelihood Utilization and Conservation in Tanzania Rural Communities
Authors: Kazyoba Benedict Michael , M. Reuben Frenk , Amos Chilagane Luseko , Muhamba Tryphone George
Published: January 2023

The agricultural sector is challenged to fulfill the nutritional requirements of ever-increasing population. Rates of growth in crop productivity have declined, among many reasons is due to climate change and the decline of water and land resources. Dependence by 50% on few cereal crops like wheat, maize and rice for total food intake and calorie requirements has countersigned loss of biodiversity and decline in crop productivity. The genetic diversity of traditional crop varieties offers resilience to environmental risks, socioeconomic shocks, adaptation and mitigation to climate change which is crucial for crop production. Traditional African Vegetables (TAVs) are an integral constituent of the diets of many rural and urban communities. They are important sources of essential macro and micro-nutrients. In addition, they offer a source of livelihood when marketed, and also contribute to crop biodiversity. Tanzania needs to conserve the Traditional African vegetables and their genetic resources against stressful conditions and increased selection pressures which causes loss of genetic variation and a decrease in fitness by a process called genetic erosion. Conservation and use alleviate genetic drift and inbreeding depression, then, is critical to guarantee TAVs persistence in rural areas. This review explores agrobiodiversity of traditional African vegetables (TAV) from livelihood of Tanzanian rural communities’ perspectives and how the country has managed to conserve these species.
Leadership and Sustainable Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Kun Yu Chen , Qadir Aneela
Published: January 2023

This study aims to systematically review and analyze effective leadership and sustainable innovation. The present study incorporated different research designs and the review were based on the published standard, namely PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and thematic Analysis). This study has considered 80 related studies using Scopus as the primary database for this systematic literature review. Three key themes emerged from a closer examination of these articles: innovativeness, innovation performance, and innovative behavior at work. Transformational leadership was the style of leadership that received the most attention. Leader’s innovative strategies and subordinate’s innovative task performance were mostly associated with overall performance in achieving sustainability. The authors of 31 of the 80 publications included empirical research. In most of the earlier research, social exchange theory and resource-based view theory have been utilized. The authors of the studies included in this study’s synopsis of how leadership affects sustainable innovation did not reach a consensus on their empirical findings. This comprehensive evaluation of the literature also includes several restrictions and suggestions for the way forward.
Analytical Trophodynamics Applied to Modeling Forest Dynamics with Carbon Cycling
Authors: da Fonseca Rutz Solange , Santos Carielo Marcelo
Published: January 2023

Models based on analytical trophodynamics (AT) method have provided an analytical framework for modeling in ecology, including the dynamical flux of nutrients present in the soil for a fixed region. Dynamics occurring concurrently in different time scales are modeled. Through a mathematical treatment of the elements of both biotic and abiotic factors, is established Â stability and conservation laws for growing trajectories, whose solutions of the second-order differential systems equations known as Volterra–Hamilton systems. All solutions trajectories obtained to follow the biological principles of energy conservation. The tensors of AT were computed with the computational algebraic package FINSLER. Moreover, in this chapter, we present an overview of the last results and actual status of research in this area.
Perspective Chapter: Guidelines to Cope with Challenging Problems Facing the Building Construction Industry Due COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Da’abis Mohamed , Mohamed Soliman Ashraf
Published: January 2023

This chapter is prepared in line with the Kingdom University—Bahrain, Ideas for Research Ideas for Research concerning challenges facing the building industry with emphasis on the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The outline thoughts suggested here are comprehensive and integrated to handle building engineering, construction, environmental, technology, building rules and regulations (i.e. of Bahrain as an example), and other related components that are impacted by the COVID-19. The authors assume three hypotheses in this chapter. First, there is a need to create a set of architectural and building guidelines to help concerned university students to overcome difficulties with regard to various design issues and problems imposed by COVID-19 and/or similar future pandemics as possibilities of their outbreak will continue. Secondly, Building Rules and Regulations need to include guideline clauses on pandemic control. Thirdly, architecture and building engineering can play a vital role in infection prevention and controlling the spread of pandemics within buildings and the surrounding environments. To investigate the hypotheses, literature review and qualitative descriptive method were essential investigation methodologies. The key findings concerning the eight main established categories of the guidelines revealed significantly a number of effective architectural, building engineering, environmental and other related elements to combat COVID-19 and other similar future pandemic crises.
A Similarity Index for Balance Assessment between Older Adults with and without Balance Deficits
Authors: S. Sung Paul , Lee Dongchul
Published: January 2023

Falls in older adults can cause disabling health even though falls are largely preventable. A combination of fall risk factors can be modified or predicted to minimize devastating complications. However, clinical balance assessment tools often have contradictory results since fall risks are individualized and multifactorial. The assessment tools are often practically limited to detecting sensitive changes between older adults with and without balance deficits. Recently, a similarity index (SI) has been developed to predict fall risks based on kinematic data during gait. The combined limb motions to those of a prototype derived from healthy individuals in the gait cycle might be differentiated from individuals with gait pathologies. The analyzed calculations result in response vectors that would be compared to controls-derived prototype response vectors. Furthermore, the normalized SI, based on the vector representing the data distribution, could be generated from the enhanced (dis)similarities dataset of subjects following an intervention (prototype response vectors). These quantified indices for compensatory patterns provide a further understanding of optimal injury prevention and specific rehabilitation strategies for older adults with balance deficits. This chapter will propose a novel sensitive measure, the SI, for older adults with orthopedic and neurologic dysfunction compared with control subjects.
The Ampferer-Type Subduction: A Case of Missing Arc Magmatism
Authors: A. Abu El-Rus Mohamed , A. Khudier Ali , Hamid Sadeq , Abbas Hassan
Published: January 2023

Ampferer-type subduction is a term that refers to the foundering of hyper-extended continental or embryonic oceanic basins (i.e., ocean-continent transitions) at passive continental margins. The lithospheric mantle underlying these rift basins is mechanically weaker, less dense, and more fertile than the lithospheric mantle underlying bounded continents. Therefore, orogens resulting from the closure of a narrow, immature extensional system are essentially controlled by mechanical processes without significant thermal and lithologic changes. Self-consistent, spontaneous subduction initiation (SI) due to the density contrast between the lithosphere and the crust of ocean-continent transitions is unlikely to occur. Additional far-field external horizontal forces are generally required for the SI. When the lithosphere subducts, the upper crust or serpentinized mantle and sediments separate from the lower crust, which becomes accreted to the orogen, while the lower crust subducts into the asthenosphere. Subduction of the lower crust, which typically consists of dry lithologies, does not allow significant flux-melting within the mantle wedge, so arc magmatism does not occur. As a result of melting inhibition within the mantle wedge during Ampferer-type subduction zones, the mantle beneath the resulting orogenic belts is fertile and thus has a high potential for magma generation during a subsequent breakup (i.e., magma-rich collapse).
Trends in Urban Planning and Measures of Disaster Risks in Japan – Roles of the Activities for Disaster Mitigation by Using Planning Support Systems
Authors: Karashima Kazuki , Ohgai Akira
Published: January 2023

Based on the history of urban form and the history of disasters, and the current issues in Japanese society such as depopulation and expansion of the cities in the areas with high disaster risk, the formation of a compact city with safety to natural disasters is required. To realize the sustainable cities mentioned above, the necessity for plans and activities to (1) induce residents from areas with high disaster risk to safer areas with long-standing perspectives, (2) to improve the safety of areas that promote induce residence and increase population density, and the areas with the difficulty of induce residents are explained. As one of the means to support such plans and activities, the importance of the development and utilization of planning support tools was shown. Especially, through some examples, it showed the usefulness for substantiating discussions and considering safe and sustainable urban structures.
Women Entrepreneurs as Vloggers: Turkish Beauty YouTubers in the Context of Simulative Labor
Authors: Kalfa Topates Aslican
Published: January 2023

Vloggers and content producers have become famous by being active on platforms, such as YouTube and Instagram, which are essential components and mainstays of today’s internet usage practices. In this context, YouTubers and content producers have become the most striking figures of virtual media in recent years, while beauty phenomena reach many followers and influence large audiences. With these aspects, the phenomena become the subjects of women’s entrepreneurship activities and form a new type of virtual/digital entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the labor exerted by the phenomena while applying different practices to aestheticize the body in their videos can be conceptualized as “simulative labor.” Based on this argument, this research aims to analyze the way of constructing simulative labor in the activities of beauty vloggers as virtual female entrepreneurs. In the context of the study, the videos of Duygu Özaslan and Danla Bilic, two of the beauty phenomena with the highest number of followers in Turkey, were subjected to content analysis within the scope of the qualitative research method. The main finding of the research is that both entrepreneurial beauty phenomena have become icons by performing simulative labor. However, the female identities represented by the icons produce simulations that differ significantly from each other.
Perspective Chapter: Paradigm Shift on Student Assessment Due to COVID-19 Pandemic at Malaysian Medical Schools
Authors: Khadijah Adam Siti
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption to normal face-to-face teaching and learning activities and assessments in medical schools globally. One of the challenges that many medical schools faced was conducting a valid, reliable, secure, and fair online assessment. This chapter introduces the principles of assessment in medical education and the transition to online examinations at several medical schools in Malaysia during the pandemic. Post-pandemic, the new normal for medical education implies using technologies for online learning and conducting assessments remotely, to enhance flexibility, efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Several strategies to ensure the proper organisation of online assessment in medical programmes without compromising its validity and security are described in detail.
Understanding Local Architectural Forms as a Sustainable Design Transformation
Authors: Wasilah Wasilah
Published: January 2023

Architecture has a role in and responsibility for environmental management. The construction of buildings, installation of foundations, and paving of land result in the ground being unable to “breathe”; likewise, the materials selected for construction influence the surrounding environment. Over time, this situation has been exacerbated by climate change. In this situation, sustainable architecture and environmentally friendly construction are necessary. Built environments must respond to and appreciate their natural world through designs that respect their environment and rely on sustainable energy. This approach will create balance and harmony between built environments and their natural contexts. In developing sustainable architecture, we can learn from local wisdom and borrow from traditional architecture. The traditional architecture of the Indonesian Archipelago is diverse, being designed for varied environmental conditions. However, all traditional Indonesian approaches to architecture have the same approach: responding to and respecting nature. In their form and realization, the traditional architectures of Indonesia are adapted to their specific sites and social systems. Sustainable architecture, thus, can be understood as characteristic of local wisdom. This chapter will discuss the shape and form of Indonesian buildings within the context of sustainable architecture.
New Sources of Pectin: Extraction, Processing, and Industrial Applications
Authors: Cortés-Camargo Stefani , Román-Guerrero Angélica , Alpizar-Reyes Erik , Pérez-Alonso César
Published: January 2023

One of the most important polysaccharides in the vegetal kingdom is pectin. This class of natural polysaccharide is found primarily in citrus fruits and apple pomace. Pectin has been used in different sectors of the industry, among which the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and paper industries stand out. Today, there is a growing demand for this type of hydrocolloid, where both the scientific and industrial fields have focused on using new sources of pectin and developing novel extraction methods. This chapter describes the chemical structure of pectin and its main chemical characteristics. Then, the conventional sources from which pectin is obtained are exposed as well as its main industrial applications. Subsequently, the physicochemical and functional properties of pectins obtained from unconventional sources are described and analyzed as well as the main technologies used for their extraction. Finally, the most recent advances in the role played by pectin in the industrial sector are described.
From the Orthodontic Smile to the Perfect Smile: A New Categorization
Authors: do Rosário Dias Maria , Pedroso Alves Valter , Mammadova Kizi Gunel , Sintra Delgado Ana
Published: January 2023

The facial symmetry from an esthetic standpoint is crucial. However, there are not much research that examine the malocclusion issue or the significance of the mouth and smile in the mental representation of the face. In this study, 151 kids and teenagers, both genders, aged 8 to 24, were asked to sketch two self-portraits of their mouths or smiles—before (and during) the usage of the orthodontic appliance. Participants seek therapy mostly for functional problems rather than cosmetic ones. The findings of this study provide insight into the significance of the mouth and smile for an individual’s sense of self and psychological well, where the maximization of the mental representation of the orthodontic smile emerges as a new categorization of the perfect smile.
Dengue Reduction through Vector Control
Authors: A. Fernandez Cerna Eduardo , Sherman Catalina , Marlene Martinez Mercedes
Published: January 2023

Dengue fever is a disease transmitted by the mosquito aegypti. There is a secondary vector: Aedes albopictus with some epidemiological importance in the transmission of dengue. Pharmacological treatment for dengue is a palliative treatment for the disease and there is an absence of a universally accepted vaccine for the different clinical infections. In these circumstances, the interruption of the infection cycle is possible basically through the reduction of the Aedes aegypti, reducing its breeding sites or physically reducing its population through chemical or biological means. Traditional approaches to vector control are becoming less effective as a result of the combination of resistance to insecticides and the logistic complexity of covering increasingly large urban centers with the same number of health workers as in past decades. Experiences in different countries reflect the need to involve more actively families and communities in the reduction of breeding sites. Several innovations have been introduced using biological methods, physical control of sources, and involvement of families and schools in vector control. The possibility to scale up successful experiences requires a joint effort of governments and communities to tackle mosquito source reduction and add a multipurpose concept of domestic hygiene.
Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) and Their Effects on the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Gelen Volkan , Şengül Emin , Kükürt Abdulsamed
Published: January 2023

Thyroid hormones (thyroxine, triiodothyronine) have a metabolic effect on many tissues and systems in the organism. Therefore, in case of deficiency or excess of these hormones, some problems arise. The decrease in the effect of these hormones in the peripheral target tissue is called hypothyroidism, the picture characterized by excessive secretion of the thyroid gland or being of non-thyroid origin is called hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormone disorders are common in the world. Knowing the functions of thyroid hormones, which have such important effects on the organism, is important in developing treatment options for the problems to be encountered. In the literature reviews, it has been stated that thyroid hormones have some effects such as heart rate, myocyte contraction, blood pressure, plasma lipid level, and thrombogenesis. In line with this information, the presented section has tried to explain how the mechanism of the effects of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system.
The Efficiency of Phytoremediation of the Big-Sage Plant in Accumulating Some Heavy Metals in Their Tissues In Vitro
Authors: Ibrahim Majid , Hashim Mahmood , Okash Anfas
Published: January 2023

Concerning the controlled environment and media technique in these studies, in vitro phytoremediation analyses might provide more precise and reliable findings. Hence, this chapter pursued to estimate the efficacy of the shoot and root organs of big-sage (Lantana camera (L.) Czern.) plantlets in assembling heavy metals (cadmium, cobalt, and lead) via the plant tissue culture technique. Many examinations achieved on the phytoremediation of the Lantana camara seedlings to heavy metals in vivo demonstrated that they were assembled in the shoot organs at a higher concentration compared with the root organs of this plant. Thus, L. camara can be regarded as a higher accumulation potential plant for heavy metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic, and a favorable plant for phytoremediation. As for the examinations executed on the effect of different levels of the heavy metals cadmium, cobalt, and lead on their assemblage and some growth traits in the shoot and root organs of the L. camera plantlets beneath in vitro culture conditions, they discovered that the assemblage of these metals in the shoot and root organs increased with the increase in the treatment level, except for the heavy metal lead, which assemblage in the roots without the shoots.
Frontier Mandarins and Lán Mào’s Yùnlüè yìtōng in the Míng
Authors: VanNess Simmons Richard
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, Richard VanNess Simmons examines jūnhuà 軍話 and zhènghuà 正話Mandarin dialect islands in southeast China that formed in the Míng period in comparison to a Mandarin phonology recorded in a fifteenth century Guānhuà rime book, the Yùnlüè yìtōng 韻畧易通. The Mandarin phonology of that rhyme book was conservative for its time as it does not include innovations in Mandarin that occurred in the north earlier in the Yuán and are also not seen in the modern dialects of the Yúnnán 雲南 homeland of its author, Lán Mào 蘭茂 (1397–1476). Yet several of the conservative features of the Yùnlüè yìtōng are shared by the Mandarin dialect islands in the southeast. It is likely the dialect islands have preserved features shared by source dialects that were subsequently lost in the Yúnnán descendant of Lán Mào’s language. The chapter also finds that a set of those shared features encompasses the most salient characteristics of the type of Guānhuà koine that had the widest geographical currency in early Míng times
War & Homecoming
Authors: Martin Travis L.
Published: January 2023

In War & Homecoming: Veteran Identity and the Post-9/11 Generation, Travis L. Martin explores how a new generation of veterans is redefining what it means to come home. More than 2.7 million veterans served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Their homecomings didn't include parades or national celebrations. Instead, when the last US troops left Afghanistan, American veterans raised millions of dollars for the evacuation of Afghan refugees, especially those who'd served alongside them. This brand of selflessness is one reason civilians regard veterans with reverence and pride.
The phrase "thank you for your service" is ubiquitous. Yet, one in ten post-9/11 veterans struggles with substance abuse. Fifteen to twenty veterans die by suicide every day. Veterans aged eighteen to thirty-four die at the highest rates, leading advocates to focus on concepts like moral injury and collective belonging when addressing psychic wounds. Martin argues that many veterans struggle due to decades of stereotyping and a lack of healthy models of veteran identity. In the American unconscious, veterans are treated as either the superficially praised "hero" or the victimized "wounded warrior," forever defined by past accomplishments. They are often appropriated as symbols in competing narratives of national identity. War & Homecoming critically examines representations of veterans in patriotic rhetoric, popular media, literature, and the lives of those who served. From this analysis, a new veteran identity emerges—veterans as storytellers who reject stereotypes, claim their symbolic authority, and define themselves through literature, art, and service. Their dynamic approach to life after military service allows for continued growth, agency, individuality, and inspiring examples of resilience for others.