bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of the Material Electrodes on Resistive Behaviour of Carbon Nanotube-Based Gas Sensors for Detection
Authors: Lucci M. , Toschi F. , Guglielmotti V. , Orlanducci S. , Terranova M. L.
Published: June 2012

Miniaturized gas-sensing devices that use single-walled carbon nanotubes as active material have been fabricated using two different electrode materials, namely, Au/Cr and NbN. The resistive sensors have been assembled aligning by dielectrophoresis the nanotube bundles between 40 μm spaced Au/Cr or NbN multifinger electrodes. The sensing devices have been tested for detection of the H2S gas, in the concentration range 10–100 ppm, using N2as carrier gas. No resistance changes were detected using sensor fabricated with NbN electrodes, whereas the response of the sensor fabricated with Au/Cr electrodes was characterized by an increase of the resistance upon gas exposure. The main performances of this sensor are a detection limit for H2S of 10 ppm and a recovery time of few minutes. The present study suggests that the mechanism involved in H2S gas detection is not a direct charge transfer between molecules and nanotubes. The hypothesis is that detection occurs through passivation of the Au surfaces by H2S molecules and modification of the contact resistance at the Au/nanotube interface.
A Giant Cell Fibroma and Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia in a Young Child: A Case Report
Authors: Vergotine Rodney J.
Published: June 2012

A case of two fibrotic lesions of the oral mucosa in a 17-month-old African-American female is reported. Both lesions occurred on the anterior maxilla, one lesion pedunculated on the buccal attached gingiva and the other lesion sessile on the palate. Histological examination characterized the buccal lesion as focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH) and the palatal lesion as a giant cell fibroma (GCF). A case is made for continuing the consideration of GCF as a histologically distinct entity from FFH but that no difference in clinical impact between the two lesions exists.
A Security-Performance-Balanced User Authentication Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yoo Sang Guun , Park Keun Young , Kim Juho
Published: June 2012

The uses of wireless sensor networks have increased to be applicable in many different areas, such as military applications, ecology, and health applications. These applications often include the management of confidential information, making the issue of security one of the most important aspects to consider. In this aspect, a user authentication mechanism that allows only legitimate users to access the network data becomes critical for maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of the network information. In this paper, we describe and cryptoanalyze previous works in user authentication to illustrate their vulnerabilities and security flaws. We then propose a robust user authentication scheme that solves the identified limitations. Additionally, we describe how the proposed protocol is more suitable for a secure sensor network implementation by analysis in terms of security and performance.
Coping with Nonstationarity in Categorical Time Series
Authors: McGee Monnie , Harris Ian
Published: June 2012

Categorical time series are time-sequenced data in which the values at each time point are categories rather than measurements. A categorical time series is considered stationary if the marginal distribution of the data is constant over the time period for which it was gathered and the correlation between successive values is a function only of their distance from each other and not of their position in the series. However, there are many examples of categorical series which do not fit this rather strong definition of stationarity. Such data show various nonstationary behavior, such as a change in the probability of the occurrence of one or more categories. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm which corrects for nonstationarity in categorical time series. The algorithm produces series which are not stationary in the traditional sense often used for stationary categorical time series. The form of stationarity is weaker but still useful for parameter estimation. Simulation results show that this simple algorithm applied to a DAR(1) model can dramatically improve the parameter estimates.
The Stability of the Induced Epigenetic Programs
Authors: Barrero Maria J.
Published: June 2012

For many years scientists have been attracted to the possibility of changing cell identity. In the last decades seminal discoveries have shown that it is possible to reprogram somatic cells into pluripotent cells and even to transdifferentiate one cell type into another. In view of the potential applications that generating specific cell types in the laboratory can offer for cell-based therapies, the next important questions relate to the quality of the induced cell types. Importantly, epigenetic aberrations in reprogrammed cells have been correlated with defects in differentiation. Therefore, a look at the epigenome and understanding how different regulators can shape it appear fundamental to anticipate potential therapeutic pitfalls. This paper covers these epigenetic aspects in stem cells, differentiation, and reprogramming and discusses their importance for the safety of in vitro engineered cell types.
A Scalar Field Dark Matter Model and Its Role in the Large-Scale Structure Formation in the Universe
Authors: Rodríguez-Meza Mario A.
Published: June 2012

We present a model of dark matter based on scalar-tensor theory of gravity. With this scalar field dark matter model we study the non-linear evolution of the large-scale structures in the universe. The equations that govern the evolution of the scale factor of the universe are derived together with the appropriate Newtonian equations to follow the nonlinear evolution of the structures. Results are given in terms of the power spectrum that gives quantitative information on the large-scale structure formation. The initial conditions we have used are consistent with the so-called concordance ΛCDM model.
Collagenous Colitis and Spondylarthropathy
Authors: Ben Abdelghani Kaouther , Sahli Hana , Souabni Leila , Chekili Selma , Belhadj Salwa , Kassab Selma , Laatar Ahmed , Zakraoui Leith
Published: June 2012

Collagenous colitis is a recent cause of chronic diarrhea. Cooccurrence with spondylarthropathy is rare. We describe two cases: one man and one woman of 33 and 20 years old were suffering from spondylarthropathy. They then developed collagenous colitis, 4 and 14 years after the onset of spondylarthropathy. The diagnosis was based on histological features. A sicca syndrome and vitiligo were observed with the female case. The presence of colitis leads to therapeutic problems. This association suggests a systemic kind of rheumatic disease of collagenous colitis.
Targeted Therapies in Sarcomas: Challenging the Challenge
Authors: Martín Liberal Juan , Lagares-Tena Laura , Sáinz-Jaspeado Miguel , Mateo-Lozano Silvia , García del Muro Xavier , Tirado Oscar M.
Published: June 2012

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignancies that very often lead to death. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for most sarcomas but there are few active drugs and clinical results still remain very poor. Thus, there is an imperious need to find new therapeutic alternatives in order to improve sarcoma patient’s outcome. During the last years, there have been described a number of new molecular pathways that have allowed us to know more about cancer biology and tumorigenesis. Sarcomas are one of the tumors in which more advances have been made. Identification of specific chromosomal translocations, some important pathways characterization such as mTOR pathway or the insulin-like growth factor pathway, the stunning development in angiogenesis knowledge, and brand new agents like viruses have lead to the development of new therapeutic options with promising results. This paper makes an exhaustive review of preclinical and clinical evidence of the most recent targeted therapies in sarcomas and provides a future view of treatments that may lead to improve prognosis of patients affected with this disease.
Ficus deltoidea: A Potential Alternative Medicine for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Adam Zainah , Khamis Shafii , Ismail Amin , Hamid Muhajir
Published: June 2012

Ficus deltoideafrom the Moraceae family has been scientifically proven to reduce hyperglycemia at different prandial states. In this study, we evaluate the mechanisms that underlie antihyperglycemic action ofFicus deltoidea. The results had shown that hot aqueous extract ofFicus deltoideastimulated insulin secretion significantly with the highest magnitude of stimulation was 7.31-fold (P<0.001). The insulin secretory actions of the hot aqueous extract involvedK+ ATPchannel-dependent andK+ ATP-channel-independent pathway. The extract also has the ability to induce the usage of intracellular Ca2+to trigger insulin release. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts enhanced basal and insulin-mediated glucose uptake into adipocytes cells. The extracts possess either insulin-mimetic or insulin-sensitizing property or combination of both properties during enhancing glucose uptake into such cells. Meanwhile, the hot aqueous and methanolic extracts augmented basal and insulin-stimulated adiponectin secretion from adipocytes cells. From this study, it is suggested thatFicus deltoideahas the potential to be developed as future oral antidiabetic agent.
Pan-PPAR Agonist, Bezafibrate, Restores Angiogenesis in Hindlimb Ischemia in Normal and Diabetic Rats
Authors: Khazaei M. , Salehi E. , Rashidi B.
Published: June 2012

Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bezafibrate as a pan-PPAR agonist on angiogenesis and serum nitrite, the main metabolite of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) concentrations in hindlimb ischemia model of normal and type I diabetic rats. Methods. 28 male Wistar rats were divided into control and diabetic groups. Then, all rats underwent unilateral hindlimb ischemia. After recovery, they were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental groups: (1) control; (2) control + bezafibrate (400 mg/kg/day); (3) diabetic; (4) diabetic + beztafibrate. After three weeks, blood samples were taken and capillary density was evaluated in the gasterocnemius muscle of ischemic limb. Results. Bezafibrate increased capillary density and capillary/fiber ratio in ischemic leg of diabetic and control rats (). Serum VEGF and VEGFR-2 concentrations did not alter after bezafibrate administration, however, serum nitrite concentration was significantly higher in bezafibrate-treated groups than non-treated groups (). Discussion. It seems that bezafibrate, as a pan PPAR agonist, restores angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemic diabetic animals and is useful for prevention and/or treatment of peripheral artery disease in diabetic subjects.
Approximate Solutions of Delay Parabolic Equations with the Dirichlet Condition
Authors: Agirseven Deniz
Published: June 2012

Finite difference and homotopy analysis methods are used for the approximate solution of the initial‐boundary value problem for the delay parabolic partial differential equation with the Dirichlet condition. The convergence estimates for the solution of first and second orders of difference schemes in Hölder norms are obtained. A procedure of modified Gauss elimination method is used for the solution of these difference schemes. Homotopy analysis method is applied. Comparison of finite difference and homotopy analysis methods is given on the problem.
Incidentally Found Prostate Cancer and Influence on Overall Survival after Radical Cystoprostatectomy
Authors: Sruogis Algimantas , Ulys Albertas , Smailyte Giedre , Kardelis Zygimantas , Kulboka Arunas , Anglickienė Giedre , Samalavicius Nerimantas , Anglickis Marius
Published: June 2012

Objectives. To determine incidentally found prostate cancer frequency and impact on overall survival after RCP.Patients and Methods. The records of 81 men who underwent cystoprostatectomy from January 2000 to December 2009 were reviewed. The vital status of the study group was assessed as on September 1, 2009, by passive followup, using data from the population registry.Results. The 81 men underwent RCP. The incidental prostate cancer was found in the specimens of 27 (33.3%) patients. 13 (48.1%) of 27 prostate cancer cases were clinically significant. For 3 patients (11.1%) an extraprostatic extension was found. For 2 patients (7.4%)—positive margins, for 1 patient (3.7%)—Gleason sum 8, and for the rest 7 patients bigger than 0.5 cm3volume tumor, and Gleason sum 7 was found. The mean follow-up time was months (varies from 0.8 to 131.2 months). The patients with bladder cancer and incidentally found prostate cancer lived shorter ( and months). Higher overall survival () was found in the patient group with bladder cancer without incidentally diagnosed prostate cancer.Conclusion. There are indications that in this small study prostate cancer has influenced on patients' survival with bladder cancer after radical cystoprostatectomy.
Diabetes Mellitus Increased Mortality Rates More in Gender-Specific than in Nongender-Specific Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study of 149,491 Patients
Authors: Chiou Wen-Ko , Hwang Jawl-Shan , Hsu Kuang-Hung , Lin Jen-Der
Published: June 2012

Aims. Hyperinsulinemia in overweight status, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is often accompanied by cancer. Gender is important in cancer epidemiology, clinical presentation, and response to therapy in different histological types of malignancy. Insufficient information is available concerning gender differences in DM with organ-specific and nonorgan-specific cancers. This study aimed to analyze gender differences in hospitalized cancer patients with or without type 2 DM.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed ten years of patients hospitalized in one institution, enrolling 36,457 female and 50,004 male cancer patients of which 5,992 females and 8,345 males were diagnosed as type 2 DM.Results. Statistically significant increases in incidence of type 2 DM were found in patients of both genders with pancreatic, liver, and urinary tract cancer. Increased incidence of type 2 DM was found in lung and hematologic malignancies in females and prostate cancer in males. Increases in mortality rates of females with type 2 DM (2.98%) were higher than those in males. DM increased mortality rates in gender-specific cancers from 1.91% (uterus, HR: 1.33) to 5.04% (ovary, HR: 1.49).Conclusion. Type 2 DM increased mortality of cancer patients of both genders, with higher increases in gender-specific than in nongender-specific cancers.
Left Atrium Papillary Fibroelastomas: A Cause of Cerebral Emboli
Authors: Ciss A. G. , Ba P. S. , Dieng P. A. , Azarnoush K. , Camilleri L. , Geoffroy E. , Innorta A. , Legault B. , Cosserant B. , de Riberolles C. , N'diaye M.
Published: June 2012

Papillary fibroelastomas are cardiac benign tumours. Among the benign cardiac tumor, papillary fibroelastomas are reported second after myxomas. Most often diagnosed incidentally, papillary fibroelastomas may embolize to cerebral circulation. Valvular locations are predominant; location in left atrium is rare. In this paper, we present a case of papillary fibroelastoma located in left atrium with symptoms of cerebral embolization. Transoesophageal echocardiography diagnosed a mobile mass. The patient was treated with surgical resection without further embolic complication.
Blockade of TGF-β1 Signalling Inhibits Cardiac NADPH Oxidase Overactivity in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Miguel-Carrasco José Luis , Baltanás Ana , Cebrián Carolina , Moreno María U. , López Begoña , Hermida Nerea , González Arantxa , Dotor Javier , Borrás-Cuesta Francisco , Díez Javier , Fortuño Ana , Zalba Guillermo
Published: June 2012

NADPH oxidases constitute a major source of superoxide anion (⋅O2 -) in hypertension. Several studies suggest an important role of NADPH oxidases in different effects mediated by TGF-β 1. In this study we show that chronic administration of P144, a peptide synthesized from type III TGF-β 1 receptor, significantly reduced the cardiac NADPH oxidase expression and activity as well as in the nitrotyrosine levels observed in control spontaneously hypertensive rats (V-SHR) to levels similar to control normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. In addition, P144 was also able to reduce the significant increases in the expression of collagen type I protein and mRNA observed in hearts from V-SHR. In addition, positive correlations between collagen expression, NADPH oxidase activity, and nitrotyrosine levels were found in all animals. Finally, TGF-β 1-stimulated Rat-2 exhibited significant increases in NADPH oxidase activity that was inhibited in the presence of P144. It could be concluded that the blockade of TGF-β 1 with P144 inhibited cardiac NADPH oxidase in SHR, thus adding new data to elucidate the involvement of this enzyme in the profibrotic actions of TGF-β 1.
Variational Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Fractional Initial Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Liu Yanqin
Published: June 2012

A variational homotopy perturbation method (VHPM) which is based on
variational iteration method and homotopy perturbation method is applied to solve the approximate
solution of the fractional initial boundary value problems. The nonlinear terms can be easily handled
by the use of He′s polynomials. It is observed that the variational iteration method is very efficient and
easier to implements; illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the high accuracy and fast
convergence of this new algorithm.
Clinical Aspects and Management of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia
Authors: Tambasco Nicola , Simoni Simone , Marsili Erica , Sacchini Elisa , Murasecco Donatella , Cardaioli Gabriela , Rossi Aroldo , Calabresi Paolo
Published: June 2012

In Parkinson's disease, one of the most troublesome dilemmas is the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. After a few years, chronic treatment with levodopa is associated with the development of dyskinesias. Strategies to delay or to reduce dyskinesias are based on the change of levodopa dosing or the early use of dopamine agonists. Dopamine agonists with different pharmacological profile are available. Our paper was aimed to analyse the clinical impact and the management of dyskinesias with dopamine agonists.
Multiplicity of Solutions for a Class of Fourth‐Order Elliptic Problems with Asymptotically Linear Term
Authors: Liu Qiong , Lü Dengfeng
Published: June 2012

We study the following fourth‐order elliptic equations: Δ2u + aΔu = f(x, u),   x ∈ Ω,   u = Δu = 0,  x ∈ ∂Ω, where Ω ⊂ ℝN is a bounded domain with smooth boundary ∂Ω and f(x, u) is asymptotically linear with respect to u at infinity. Using an equivalent version of Cerami′s condition and the symmetric mountain pass lemma, we obtain the existence of multiple solutions for the equations.
Reliability Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Markovian Model
Authors: Zhu Jin , Tang Liang , Xi Hongsheng , Zhang Zhenghuan
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates reliability analysis of wireless sensor networks whose topology is switching among possible connections which are governed by a Markovian chain. We give the quantized relations between network topology, data acquisition rate, nodes′ calculation ability, and network reliability. By applying Lyapunov method, sufficient conditions of network reliability are proposed for such topology switching networks with constant or varying data acquisition rate. With the conditions satisfied, the quantity of data transported over wireless network node will not exceed node capacity such that reliability is ensured. Our theoretical work helps to provide a deeper understanding of real‐world wireless sensor networks, which may find its application in the fields of network design and topology control.
Nonlinear Observer Design of the Generalized Rössler Hyperchaotic Systems via DIL Methodology
Authors: Sun Yeong-Jeu
Published: June 2012

The generalized Rössler hyperchaotic systems are presented, and the state observation problem of such systems is investigated. Based on the differential inequality with Lyapunov methodology (DIL methodology), a nonlinear observer design for the generalized Rössler hyperchaotic systems is developed to guarantee the global exponential stability of the resulting error system. Meanwhile, the guaranteed exponential decay rate can be accurately estimated. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed approach.
Accurate Calculation of the Density of States near the Ground-State Energy of the Peptides Met-Enkephalin and (Alanine)5 with the Wang-Landau Method: Lessons Learned
Authors: Singh Priya , Bandyopadhyay Pradipta
Published: June 2012

The Wang-Landau method estimates the relative density of states (DOS) by performing random walk in energy space. However, estimation of the DOS near the ground state minimum is highly challenging because of the dearth of states in the low-energy region compared to that at the high-energy region. Ideally the derivative of the logarithm of the DOS with respect to energy, which is proportional to the inverse of temperature, should become steeper with decrease in energy. However, in actual estimation of the DOS for molecular systems, it is nontrivial to achieve this. In the current work, the accuracy of the Wang-Landau method in estimating the DOS near the ground state minimum is investigated for two peptides, Met-enkephalin and (Alanine)5. It has been found that the steepness of the DOS can be achieved if the correct ground state energy is found, the bin used to discretize the energy space is extremely small (0.1 kcal/mol was used in the current case) and the energy range used to estimate the DOS is small. The findings of this work can help in devising new protocols for calculating the DOS with high accuracy near the ground state minimum for molecular systems.
Loss of Ercc1 Results in a Time- and Dose-Dependent Reduction of Proliferating Early Hematopoietic Progenitors
Authors: Verhagen-Oldenampsen Judith H. E. , Haanstra Jurgen R. , van Strien Paulina M. H. , Valkhof Marijke , Touw Ivo P. , von Lindern Marieke
Published: June 2012

The endonuclease complex Ercc1/Xpf is involved in interstrand crosslink repair and functions downstream of the Fanconi pathway. Loss of Ercc1 causes hematopoietic defects similar to those seen in Fanconi Anemia.Ercc1−/−mice die 3-4 weeks after birth, which prevents long-term follow up of the hematopoietic compartment. We used alternative Ercc1 mouse models to examine the effect of low or absent Ercc1 activity on hematopoiesis. Tie2-Cre-driven deletion of a floxedErcc1allele was efficient (>80%) in fetal liver hematopoietic cells. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with a deleted allele were maintained in mice up to 1 year of age when harboring a wt allele, but were progressively outcompeted when the deleted allele was combined with a knockout allele. Mice with a minimal Ercc1 activity expressed by 1 or 2 hypomorphicErcc1alleles have an extended life expectancy, which allows analysis of HSPCs at 10 and 20 weeks of age. The HSPC compartment was affected in all Ercc1-deficient models. Actively proliferating multipotent progenitors were most affected as were myeloid and erythroid clonogenic progenitors. In conclusion, lack of Ercc1 results in a severe competitive disadvantage of HSPCs and is most deleterious in proliferating progenitor cells.
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy as a Primary Operation for Morbid Obesity: Experience with 200 Patients
Authors: Gentileschi Paolo
Published: June 2012

Introduction. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) represents a valid option for morbid obesity, either as a primary or as a staged procedure. The aim of this paper is to report the experience of a single surgeon with LSG as a standalone operation for morbid obesity.Methods. From April 2006 to April 2011, 200 patients underwent LSG for morbid obesity. Each patient record was registered and prospectively collected. In July 2011, a retrospective analysis was conducted.Results. Patients were 128 females and 72 males with a median age of 40.0 years. Median pre-operative BMI was 49.4 kg/m2. Median follow-up was 27.2 months. Median post-operative BMI was 30.4 kg/m2. Median %excess weight loss (%EWL) was 63.6%. Median post-operative hospital stay was 4.0 days in the first 84 cases and 3.0 days in the last 116 cases. Six major post-operative complications occurred (3%): two gastric stump leaks (1%), three major bleedings (1.5%) and 1 (0.5%) bowel obstruction. One case of mortality was registered (0.5%). To date only 4 patients are still in the range of morbid obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2).Conclusions. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a formidable operation in the short-term period. Median %EWL in this series was 63.6% at 27.2 months follow-up.
Think Small: Zebrafish as a Model System of Human Pathology
Authors: Goldsmith J. R. , Jobin Christian
Published: June 2012

Although human pathologies have mostly been modeled using higher mammal systems such as mice, the lower vertebrate zebrafish has gained tremendous attention as a model system. The advantages of zebrafish over classical vertebrate models are multifactorial and include high genetic and organ system homology to humans, high fecundity, external fertilization, ease of genetic manipulation, and transparency through early adulthood that enables powerful imaging modalities. This paper focuses on four areas of human pathology that were developed and/or advanced significantly in zebrafish in the last decade. These areas are (1) wound healing/restitution, (2) gastrointestinal diseases, (3) microbe-host interactions, and (4) genetic diseases and drug screens. Important biological processes and pathologies explored include wound-healing responses, pancreatic cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and mycobacterium infection. The utility of zebrafish in screening for novel genes important in various pathologies such as polycystic kidney disease is also discussed.
Uretero-Internal Pudendal Artery Fistula with Longterm Indwelling of Ureteral Stent: A Case Report
Authors: Yuki Hideo , Takayama Yasuhiro , Takuma Masahisa , Takahashi Mika , Ando Tadasuke , Sumino Yasuhiro , Nomura Takeo , Sato Fuminori , Mimata Hiromitsu
Published: June 2012

A 74-year-old woman presenting with bilateral ureteral stricture was referred to our hospital. She had undergone radical hysterectomy and adjuvant irradiation therapy for cervical cancer in 2000. Double-J stents were inserted in both the ureters and replaced at regular intervals. Eighteen months after ureteral stenting, she complained of gross hematuria and was managed with hemostatic agents. During a routine replacement of the right double-J stent, massive bleeding was observed from the urethra which continued intermittently. The source of bleeding was not identified on computed tomography and angiography. We kept her at rest, which reduced the bleeding. However, she required intermittent transfusions. Angiography was performed at the time of bleeding on March 5, 2011. A uretero-internal pudendal artery fistula was found, and coil embolization was performed. Thereafter, hematuria did not recur up to the last followup in July 2011.
Evolution of Soil Biochemical Parameters in Rainfed Crops: Effect of Organic and Mineral Fertilization
Authors: Moreno Marta M. , Moreno Carmen , Lacasta Carlos , Meco Ramón
Published: June 2012

In organic farming, crop fertilization is largely based on the decomposition of organic matter and biological fixation of nutrients. It is therefore necessary to develop studies conducted to know and understand the soil biological processes for the natural nutrient supplies. The effect of three fertilizer managements (chemical with synthetic fertilizers, organic with 2500 kg compost ha−1, and no fertilizer) in a rainfed crop rotation (durum wheat-fallow-barley-vetch as green manure) on different soil biochemical parameters in semi-arid conditions was investigated. Soil organic matter, microbial biomass carbon, organic matter mineralization, CO2production-to-ATP ratio, and NO3-N content were analysed. Fertilization was only applied to cereals. The results showed the scarce effect of the organic fertilization on soil quality, which resulted more dependent on weather conditions. Only soil organic matter and NO3-N were affected by fertilization (significantly higher in the inorganic treatment, 1.28 g 100 g−1and 17.3 ppm, resp.). Soil organic matter was maintained throughout the study period by the inclusion of a legume in the cropping system and the burying of crop residues. In fallow, soil microbial biomass carbon increased considerably (816 ng g−1), and NO3-N at the end of this period was around 35 ppm, equivalent to 100 kg N ha−1.
Chemical Kinetic Study of Nitrogen Oxides Formation Trends in Biodiesel Combustion
Authors: Yang Junfeng , Golovitchev Valeri I. , Redón Lurbe Pau , López Sánchez J. Javier
Published: June 2012

The use of biodiesel in conventional diesel engines results in increasedNOxemissions; this presents a barrier to the widespread use of biodiesel. The origins of this phenomenon were investigated using the chemical kinetics simulation tool: CHEMKIN-2 and the CFD KIVA3V code, which was modified to account for the physical properties of biodiesel and to incorporate semidetailed mechanisms for its combustion and the formation of emissions. Parametric ϕ-T maps and 3D engine simulations were used to assess the impact of using oxygen-containing fuels on the rate of NO formation. It was found that using oxygen-containing fuels allows more O2molecules to present in the engine cylinder during the combustion of biodiesel, and this may be the cause of the observed increase in NO emissions.
Hemicrania Continua Headache in a Veteran with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder without Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kohrt Brandon A. , Duncan Erica
Published: June 2012

Hemicrania continua is a headache characterized by chronic unremitting unilateral pain associated with ipsilateral autonomic findings. This type of headache responds to high-flow oxygen and indomethacin. This case report describes a male veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder who suffers from comorbid hemicrania continua. The psychiatric symptoms were recalcitrant to psychopharmacological intervention. However, when the patient's hemicrania continua was treated appropriately, the patient's psychiatric symptoms also abated. This case demonstrates the need to address physical comorbidities that may exacerbate psychiatric disorders, such as PTSD.
Newly Described Clinical and Immunopathological Feature of Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Authors: Bonciolini Veronica , Bonciani Diletta , Verdelli Alice , D'Errico Antonietta , Antiga Emiliano , Fabbri Paolo , Caproni Marzia
Published: June 2012

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an inflammatory cutaneous disease with typical histopathological and immunopathological findings clinically characterized by intensely pruritic polymorphic lesions with a chronic-relapsing course. In addition to classic clinical manifestations of DH, atypical variants are more and more frequently reported and histological and immunological are added to them, whereas the impact on quality of life of patients with DH is increasingly important to a certain diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to describe all the possible clinical, histological, and immunological variants of DH in order to facilitate the diagnosis of a rare disease and, therefore, little known.
Tackling Skeletal Muscle Cells Epigenome in the Next-Generation Sequencing Era
Authors: Fittipaldi Raffaella , Caretti Giuseppina
Published: June 2012

Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have transformed methodologies employed to study cell-specific epigenomes and the approaches to investigate complex cellular phenotypes. Application of next-generation sequencing technology in the skeletal muscle differentiation field is rapidly extending our knowledge on how chromatin modifications, transcription factors and chromatin regulators orchestrate gene expression pathways guiding myogenesis. Here, we review recent biological insights gained by the application of next-generation sequencing techniques to decode the epigenetic profile and gene regulatory networks underlying skeletal muscle differentiation.
Molecular Profiling Reveals Low- and High-Grade Forms of Primary Melanoma
Authors: Harbst Katja , Staaf Johan , Lauss Martin , Karlsson Anna , Måsbäck Anna , Johansson Iva , Bendahl Pär-Ola , Vallon-Christersson Johan , Törngren Therese , Ekedahl Henrik , Geisler Jürgen , Höglund Mattias , Ringnér Markus , Lundgren Lotta , Jirström Karin , Olsson Håkan , Ingvar Christian , Borg Åke , Tsao Hensin , Jönsson Göran
Published: June 2012

Purpose: For primary melanomas, tumor thickness, mitotic rate, and ulceration are well-laid cornerstones of prognostication. However, a molecular exposition of melanoma aggressiveness is critically missing. We recently uncovered a four-class structure in metastatic melanoma, which predicts outcome and informs biology. This raises the possibility that a molecular structure exists even in the early stages of melanoma and that molecular determinants could underlie histophenotype and eventual patient outcome.

Experimental Design: We subjected 223 archival primary melanomas to a horizontally integrated analysis of RNA expression, oncogenic mutations at 238 lesions, histomorphometry, and survival data.

Results: Our previously described four-class structure that was elucidated in metastatic lesions was evident within the expression space of primary melanomas. Because these subclasses converged into two larger prognostic and phenotypic groups, we used the metastatic lesions to develop a binary subtype-based signature capable of distinguishing between “high” and “low” grade forms of the disease. The two-grade signature was subsequently applied to the primary melanomas. Compared with low-grade tumors, high-grade primary melanomas were significantly associated with increased tumor thickness, mitotic rate, ulceration (all P < 0.01), and poorer relapse-free (HR = 4.94; 95% CI, 2.84–8.59), and overall (HR = 3.66; 95% CI, 2.40–5.58) survival. High-grade melanomas exhibited elevated levels of proliferation and BRCA1/DNA damage signaling genes, whereas low-grade lesions harbored higher expression of immune genes. Importantly, the molecular-grade signature was validated in two external gene expression data sets.

Conclusions: We provide evidence for a molecular organization within melanomas, which is preserved across all stages of disease. Clin Cancer Res; 18(15); 4026–36. ©2012 AACR.
The CIRCE Simulations: Regional Climate Change Projections with Realistic Representation of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Gualdi S. , Somot S. , Li L. , Artale V. , Adani M. , Bellucci A. , Braun A. , Calmanti S. , Carillo A. , Dell'Aquila A. , Déqué M. , Dubois C. , Elizalde A. , Harzallah A. , Jacob D. , L'Hévéder B. , May W. , Oddo P. , Ruti P. , Sanna A. , Sannino G. , Scoccimarro E. , Sevault F. , Navarra A.
Published: June 2012

In this article, the authors describe an innovative multimodel system developed within the Climate Change and Impact Research: The Mediterranean Environment (CIRCE) European Union (EU) Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) project and used to produce simulations of the Mediterranean Sea regional climate. The models include high-resolution Mediterranean Sea components, which allow assessment of the role of the basin and in particular of the air–sea feedbacks in the climate of the region.

The models have been integrated from 1951 to 2050, using observed radiative forcings during the first half of the simulation period and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario during the second half.

The projections show a substantial warming (about 1.5°–2°C) and a significant decrease of precipitation (about 5%) in the region for the scenario period. However, locally the changes might be even larger. In the same period, the projected surface net heat loss decreases, leading to a weaker cooling of the Mediterranean Sea by the atmosphere, whereas the water budget appears to increase, leading the basin to lose more water through its surface than in the past. Overall, these results are consistent with the findings of previous scenario simulations, such as the Prediction of Regional Scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining European Climate Change Risks and Effects (PRUDENCE), Ensemble-Based Predictions of Climate Changes and Their Impacts (ENSEMBLES), and phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). The agreement suggests that these findings are robust to substantial changes in the configuration of the models used to make the simulations.

Finally, the models produce a 2021–50 mean steric sea level rise that ranges between +7 and +12 cm, with respect to the period of reference.
Factors Associated With the Sexual Assault of Students
Authors: Du Mont Janice , Chertkow Laura , Macdonald Sheila , Asllani Eriola , Bainbridge Deidre , Rotbard Nomi , Cohen Marsha M.
Published: June 2012

Research suggests that students experience high levels of sexual assault, but studies addressing how they differ in their experiences from other sexual assault victims are virtually nonexistent. To address this gap, information was collected from consecutive individuals, aged 16 years or older, presenting to one of 7 hospital-based sexual assault treatment centers in Ontario from 2005 to 2007. Of the 882 victims seen during the study period, 32% were students. Relative to other sexual assault victims, students were more likely to be aged 16 to 18 years and 19 to 24 years versus 25 years and older. They were more likely to be living alone, with family of origin, a partner or spouse, or a nonrelative than on the street or in a shelter or institution. They were also more likely to report having consumed over-the-counter medication in the 72 hours prior to examination. Student victims were less likely than nonstudent victims to report having a disability and having used street drugs. Implications for research, education, and practice are discussed.
Attitudes Toward Violence Scale
Authors: Davidson M. Meghan , Canivez Gary L.
Published: June 2012

Youth violence represents a serious problem affecting individuals, communities, and the larger society. Greater efforts aimed at the eradication of youth violence are necessary, and work in this field could be enhanced by psychometrically strong measures. The present study examined the factor structure of the Attitudes Toward Violence Scale (ATV) using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a sample of 359 high school students. A three-factor structure was identified. The three factors were invariant across sex, however, males obtained significantly higher scores on the three ATV factors and on the ATV total score showing generally moderate effect sizes. Directions for future research with the ATV are discussed.
Levels of Education and Support for Direct Democracy
Authors: Collingwood Loren
Published: June 2012

Conventional wisdom based on public opinion surveys suggests that voters are generally supportive of direct democracy. Recent research has shown that perhaps public support for direct democracy may not be as strong as is traditionally thought. Given this, I hypothesize that voters without a college degree are less supportive of direct democracy once asked how they will vote on a series of ballot initiative questions in the context of a survey. Voters with a college degree will not be affected by these questions in their evaluations of direct democracy because they have more confidence in their ability to participate in politics. I conduct a split sample survey experiment to investigate opinions toward direct democracy. The results confirm that, when exposed to ballot initiative questions, voters without a college degree are less supportive of direct democracy compared to college graduates. Implications are discussed.
Estimation of the costs of cervical cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment in rural Shanxi Province, China: a micro-costing study
Authors: Shi Ju-Fang , Chen Jun-Feng , Canfell Karen , Feng Xiang-Xian , Ma Jun-Fei , Zhang Yong-Zhen , Zhao Fang-Hui , Li Rong , Ma Li , Li Zhi-Fang , Lew Jie-Bin , Ning Yan , Qiao You-Lin
Published: June 2012

Background

Cost estimation is a central feature of health economic analyses. The aim of this study was to use a micro-costing approach and a societal perspective to estimate aggregated costs associated with cervical cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment in rural China.

Methods

We assumed that future screening programs will be organized at a county level (population ~250,000), and related treatments will be performed at county or prefecture hospitals; therefore, this study was conducted in a county and a prefecture hospital in Shanxi during 2008–9. Direct medical costs were estimated by gathering information on quantities and prices of drugs, supplies, equipment and labour. Direct non-medical costs were estimated via structured patient interviews and expert opinion.

Results

Under the base case assumption of a high-volume screening initiative (11,475 women screened annually per county), the aggregated direct medical costs of visual inspection, self-sampledcareHPV (Qiagen USA) screening, clinician-sampledcareHPV, colposcopy and biopsy were estimated as US$2.64,$7.49,$7.95,$3.90 and $5.76, respectively. Screening costs were robust to screening volume (<5% variation if 2,000 women screened annually), but costs of colposcopy/biopsy tripled at the lower volume. Direct medical costs of Loop Excision, Cold-Knife Conization and Simple and Radical Hysterectomy varied from $61–544, depending on the procedure and whether conducted at county or prefecture level. Direct non-medical expenditure varied from $0.68–$3.09 for screening/diagnosis and $83–$494 for pre-cancer/cancer treatment.

Conclusions

Diagnostic costs were comparable to screening costs for high-volume screening but were greatly increased in lower-volume situations, which is a key consideration for the scale-up phase of new programs. The study’s findings will facilitate cost-effectiveness evaluation and budget planning for cervical cancer prevention initiatives in China.
Validation of a new tool to assess health-related quality of life in psoriasis: the PSO-LIFE questionnaire
Authors: Dauden Esteban , Herrera Enrique , Puig Lluis , Sánchez-Carazo José Luis , Toribio Jaime , Caloto Ma Teresa , Nocea Gonzalo , Roset Montse , Lara Nuria
Published: June 2012

Background

Several questionnaires have been used to measure health related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with psoriasis, few have been adapted for use in Spain; none of them was developed specifically for the Spanish population. The purpose of the study was to validate and assess the sensitivity to change of a new questionnaire to measure HRQOL in patients with psoriasis (PSO-LIFE).

Methods

Observational, prospective, multicenter study performed in centers around Spain. Patients with active or inactive psoriasis completed the PSO-LIFE together with other Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) and Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI). A control group of patients with urticaria or atopic dermatitis was also included. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the PSO-LIFE were assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Validity was assessed by examining factorial structure, the capacity to discriminate between groups, and correlations with other measures. Sensitivity to change was measured using effect sizes.

Results

The final sample included for analysis consisted of 304 patients and 56 controls. Mean (SD) age of psoriasis patients was 45.3 (14.5) years compared to 38.8 (14) years for controls (p < 0.01). Cronbach’s alpha for the PSO-LIFE was 0.95 and test-retest reliability using the ICC was 0.98. Factor analysis showed the questionnaire to be unidimensional. Mean (SD) PSO-LIFE scores differed between patients with psoriasis and controls (64.9 [22.5] vs 69.4 [17.3]; p < 0.05), between those with active and inactive disease (57.4 [20.4] vs 76.4 [20.6]; p < 0.01), and between those with visible and non-visible lesions (63.0 [21.9] vs. 74.8 [23.9]; p < 0.01). The correlation between PSO-LIFE and PASI scores was moderate (r = −0.43) while correlations with DLQI and PDI dimensions ranged from moderate to high (between 0.4 and 0.8). Effect size on the PSO-LIFE in patients reporting ‘much improved’ health status at study completion was 1.01 (large effect size).

Conclusions

The present results provide substantial support for the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the PSO-LIFE questionnaire in the population for which it was designed.
Pulmonary surfactant coating of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) influences their oxidative and pro-inflammatory potential in vitro
Authors: Gasser Michael , Wick Peter , Clift Martin JD , Blank Fabian , Diener Liliane , Yan Bing , Gehr Peter , Krug Harald F , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara
Published: June 2012

Background

Increasing concern has been expressed regarding the potential adverse health effects that may be associated with human exposure to inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Thus it is imperative that an understanding as to the underlying mechanisms and the identification of the key factors involved in adverse effects are gained. In the alveoli, MWCNTs first interact with the pulmonary surfactant. At this interface, proteins and lipids of the pulmonary surfactant bind to MWCNTs, affecting their surface characteristics. Aim of the present study was to investigate if the pre-coating of MWCNTs with pulmonary surfactant has an influence on potential adverse effects, upon both (i) human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) monocultures, and (ii) a sophisticated in vitro model of the human epithelial airway barrier. Both in vitro systems were exposed to MWCNTs either pre-coated with a porcine pulmonary surfactant (Curosurf) or not. The effect of MWCNTs surface charge was also investigated in terms of amino (−NH2) and carboxyl (−COOH) surface modifications.

Results

Pre-coating of MWCNTs with Curosurf affects their oxidative potential by increasing the reactive oxygen species levels and decreasing intracellular glutathione depletion in MDM as well as decreases the release of Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, an induction of apoptosis was observed after exposure to Curosurf pre-coated MWCNTs. In triple cell-co cultures the release of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) was increased after exposure to Curosurf pre-coated MWCNTs. Effects of the MWCNTs functionalizations were minor in both MDM and triple cell co-cultures.

Conclusions

The present study clearly indicates that the pre-coating of MWCNTs with pulmonary surfactant more than the functionalization of the tubes is a key factor in determining their ability to cause oxidative stress, cytokine/chemokine release and apoptosis. Thus the coating of nano-objects with pulmonary surfactant should be considered for future lung in vitro risk assessment studies.