bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JEWİSH WOMEN İN OTTOMAN EDUCATİON AND THE ACTİVİTİES OF THE ALLİANCE ISRAÉLİTE UNİVERSELLE: THE CASE OF İSTANBUL (1839-1916)
Authors: Gün Doğan
Published: June 2024

Throughout history, education and training activities have not only contributed to the culturalization processes of societies but have also been instrumental for them to gain a sense of community, to keep up with the times, and to simply exist. The development of these activities is greatly influenced by the times in which they occur.
The modernization phase experienced throughout the world in the 19th century also had an impact on educational activities, which is an important factor in political, economic, military, and social existence. Thus, the aim, scope and structure of education have changed, bringing the traditional system to a new and modern level. The Ottoman State was one of the countries where this transformation was intensively experienced. The legal and legislative developments of the 19th century not only served as the lawful ground for the country's modernization process, but also constituted the legal basis for modern education and training. Following these developments, the transformation in the field of education took place on a legal ground and was encouraged. In this context, the educational activities of the Ottoman Jewish community also underwent a shift. In the past, community schools, which developed around religion and ensured the religious and cultural continuity of Jews for centuries, were operating as a part of the religious institutions and under the control of the religious authorities. In this system, Jewish women had no place in education, and they mainly received religious instructions and skill-based trainings in their homes. This paper investigates in the light of documents the change in this mentality as well as the educational contributions of the Jewish communities' working women in Istanbul and their areas of activity, the degree of effectiveness of the Chief Rabbinate, which had the say over the understanding of traditional education, with the Ottoman modernization, and the support of the Alliance Israélite Universelle to the women educators and the schools.
In conclusion, it has been determined that most of the educational institutions for Jewish girls in Istanbul belonged to and survived with the support of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, and that willing Jewish women prepared Jewish girls for the socio-economic aspect of life, made them an active part of the modern society, taught them Ottoman Turkish as well as other foreign languages, and integrated them, again in accordance with the Alliance's wishes, into the French culture.
HAYATA NASIL BAKIYORUZ: ÖZGÜR İRADE VE SPİRİTÜEL İYİ OLMA
Authors: Aydın Rabia Şeyda , Sarıçam Hakan , Yıldırım Büşra
Published: June 2024

Araştırmacılar uzun süredir insan davranışının özgür irade tarafından yönlendirildiğini varsaydılar, lakin kültürel özelliklerin ve inançların davranış üzerindeki etkisini fark etmeye başladıklarında, özgür iradeye bakış açıları değişmeye başladı. Artık sadece nedenlerin izini sürmek yerine, insanların davranışlarını belirleyen çeşitli faktörleri daha kapsamlı bir şekilde anlamaya odaklanılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmanın temel amacı, çeşitli değişkenler (cinsiyet, yaş, gelir durumu, algılanan ebeveyn tutumu) açısından değerlendirilerek yetişkin bireylerin özgür irade ve belirlenimcilik inançları ile spiritüel iyi olma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu araştırma, korelasyonel araştırma modeline dayanarak tasarlanmış olup çalışma grubu, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 18-35 yaş aralığındaki 314 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin toplanması amacıyla katılımcılara “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Özgür İrade ve Belirlenimcilik Ölçeği” ve “Düşünsel (Manevi) İyi Olma Ölçeği” uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Analizi, Bağımsız Örneklem t-Testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ve LCD Post Hoc Testi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, bireyin özgür irade inançları ile spiritüel iyi olma düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Kaderci belirlenimcilik, bilimselci belirlenimcilik, rastgelelik ve spiritüel iyi olma arasında cinsiyet, yaş, gelir, algılanan anne baba tutumlarına göre farklılaşma gözlemlenmemiştir. Ancak özgür irade düzeyi cinsiyete ve yaşa göre farklılık göstermektedir. Aslında kararlarında özgür iradeye sahip olduğunu hisseden bireyler, bilişsel bir avantaja sahiptir. Araştırma sonucuna göre bireyin kendi iradesine sahip olduğunu düşünmesi, spiritüel iyi olmayı desteklemektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları önceki araştırmalar bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
GÖREVE YENİ BAŞLAYAN AKADEMİSYENLERE YAPILAN İNFORMEL ZİYARETLERİN ÖRGÜTSEL SOSYALİZASYON SÜRECİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: Mutlu Mustafa Doruk
Published: June 2024

Günümüz dünyasında toplumların gelişmesinde önemli rol oynayan örgütlerin başarılı bir şekilde faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmeleri için sahip oldukları insan kaynağı çok önemlidir. Örgütlerin bünyesinde çeşitli roller üstlenen çalışanlar kendilerinden beklenilen görevleri istenilen şekilde yerine getirdiklerinde amaçlara ulaşma noktasında önemli adımlar atılmış olacaktır. Sosyolojik bir bakışla örgütlerdeki sosyal yapı ve süreçlerin üyelerin davranış ve tutumları üzerinde etkileri olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ayrıca çalışanların işlerini etkili ve etkin bir şekilde yapabilmeleri için faaliyette bulundukları örgütle uyum içerisinde olmaları gerekir. Çalışanların örgüte yeni katıldıkları günden örgüte uyum sağladıkları zamana kadar geçen süre zarfındaki uyum sağlamaya yönelik faaliyetler yeni gelenlerin sosyalizasyonu ile ilgilidir. Bu araştırma da akademik kuruma yeni başlayan akademisyenlerin örgütsel sosyalizasyon süreçlerini anlamaya yöneliktir. Araştırma yapılan akademik kurumda yeni gelen akademisyenlere yönelik diğer üyeler tarafından informel ziyaretler yapılmakta ve bu ziyaretler kültürün bir parçası haline gelerek gelenekselleşmiş durumdadır. Mevcut araştırma yeni gelenlere yönelik olarak yapılan bu ziyaretlerin onların sosyalizasyon süreçleri üzerinde nasıl etkiler oluşturduğunu bizzat kurumdaki aktörlerin perspektifinden incelemekledir. Bu sebeple araştırmada nitel yöntemler kullanılmış ve 32 katılımcı ile informel ziyaretler ve etkileri hakkında yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları akademik örgütteki yeni gelenlere yönelik yapılan bu informel tanışma ziyaretlerinin yeni gelenlerin kurum hakkında bilgi edinip, diğer üyelerle tanışmasına olanak sağladığını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ayrıca ziyaretler sayesinde yeni gelenlerin karşılaştıkları belirsizliklerin azaldığı ve kuruma adaptasyonlarını hızlandırdığı bulgulanmıştır.
6 ŞUBAT 2023 DEPREMLERİNİN MİTİK, TEOLOJİK VE PSİKO-SOSYAL YANSIMALARI
Authors: Erdal Tuğçe
Published: June 2024

Toplumu derinden etkileyen afet, savaş, salgın veya göç gibi büyük hadiseler karşında insan kolektif olarak mantık dışı akıl yürütmelere, yorumlara hatta gerçeklikten uzak, aklın tamamen devre dışı kaldığı inanmalara karşı daha fazla eğilim göstermektedir. Geçtiğimiz yıllarda yaşamış olduğumuz ve bütün dünyayı etkisi alan salgın döneminde de toplum arasında bu türden akıl ve mantık gerçekliğinden yoksun hikâyelerin, olayların yaşandığına dair özellikle dijital mecralarda pek çok görüntü ve bunlara istinaden yapılmış pek çok bilimsel çalışma yayımlanır. Anlatılan olayların hayatın olağan akışında bir karşılığı olmasa bile toplumsal kaos ortamında aklın devre dışı kalması ile mitos boyutuna evrildiği ve bu sebeple de inanma gücünü artırdığı söylenebilir. İnanma içgüdüsü ile hareket eden insan, tutum ve davranışlarını da bu içgüdüye göre ayarlar. Dolayısıyla mitos boyutuna evrilmiş bir hadiseye inanma kutsal kabul edilir ve aksi düşünülemez.
Gerçekleşmesi ile toplumda duygusal ve fiziksel anlamda derin izler ve yaralar açan deprem felaketleri de bir kaos ortamına en çarpıcı örneklerden birini teşkil eder. İnsanların telaşa düştüğü, büyük bir karmaşanın yaşandığı adeta küçük kıyametin koptuğunu tahayyül edildiği böyle bir karmaşa ortamına yakın zamanda gerçekleşen 06 Şubat 2023 tarihindeki Kahramanmaraş merkezli deprem olarak bilinen doğal afet ile tanıklık edildi. Meydana gelen ve yıkım gücü bir hayli büyük olan depremde yaşanılan veya yaşanıldığı iddia edilen ve hayatın olağan akışına ters düşen anlatıların böylesine kargaşa ve deyim yerindeyse can pazarının yaşandığı bir ortamda vuku bulması tesadüf değildir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada böylesine büyük kaos ortamında ortaya çıkan anlatıların sebepleri, işlevleri ve zamanlamaları üç faklı bakış açısı olarak folklorik, teolojik ve psikolojik açılardan deprem örneğinden hareketle açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.
ЖОРЖ САНД И ИВАН ТУРГЕНЕВ: ТВОРЧЕСКИЙ ДИАЛОГ
Authors: Mavlyanov Rafsanjani , Ramazanova Shalala, Shelale, Şelale
Published: June 2024

В статье рассмотрены творческие взаимосвязи Ивана Тургенева и Жорж Санд в контексте межкультурного диалога французской и русской литературы. Сходства и различия художественной манеры, жанровых структур, стилевых особенностей свидетельствуют о самой эпохе, которая диктует свои правила и законы, эстетику, мировоззрение. Единство эпического и драматического начала в произведениях Тургенева и Санд обусловлено отображением индивидуальной судьбы героя, мира отдельной личности на фоне исторических событий, жизненной стихии как таковой. Анализируются как прямые творческие контакты, так и опосредованные, связанные с общекультурной ситуацией, эпохой, типом мировоззрения. Биография и творчество тесно переплетаются, что позволяет говорить об определённом метатексте у обоих авторов, объяснении поступков персонажей и событий сквозь призму реальной жизни писателей. Целесообразно говорить также об использовании биографического метода в анализе этих взаимоотношений, влиянии социокультурной парадигмы на жизнь и творчество представителей этих национальных литератур.
Отдельного внимания заслуживает сфера искусства как предмет отображения, фон для понимания внутреннего мира персонажей у Тургенева и Санд. Облагораживающая роль искусства в формировании духовного мира личности, её становления и воспитания ощутима в период общественных кризисов и катаклизмов. Акцентировано внимание на конкретных отзывах и критических оценках художественного творчества, фактах непосредственного общения русского и французского авторов. Изучение межконтактных связей и творческого взаимодействия Тургенева и Санд очерчивает перспективы дальнейших исследований компаративистского характера на более широком материале. Кроме того, сравнительно-исторический анализ творчества этих писателей может стать и предметом типологических обобщений и теоретических выводов.
OSMANLI/TÜRK MODERNLEŞMESİ: SÜREÇ PRATİKLERİ VE KISITLAYICI TOPLUMSAL YAPI/AKTÖR/ DİNAMİKLER BAĞLAMINDA BİR ANALİZ
Authors: Ertürk Mustafa
Published: June 2024

Modernleşme, Batı'da rönesans, reform süreçleri ve aydınlanma ile başlayan bilgi, bilim ve düşünce akımlarından etkilenen ve teknik, ekonomik, toplumsal ve siyasi alanlarda değişim ve dönüşümlere yol açan bir süreçtir. Bu sürecin ana ekseni Fransız İhtilali ve Sanayi Devrimi'nde belirginleşmiştir. Türk modernleşmesi, Osmanlı'nın son iki yüzyılından Cumhuriyet dönemine uzanan ve yönetim kademesinin inisiyatifiyle gerçekleşen bir süreç olarak başlamış ve devam etmiştir. Osmanlı'nın askeri ve teknolojik geri kalmışlığı, Batı'nın üstünlüğünün farkına varılmasına ve modernleşme çabalarının başlamasına neden olmuştur. Bu süreç, askeri teknoloji ve yönetimin Batı'dan doğrudan aktarımıyla başlamış, ancak zamanla değişiklik göstererek diğer alanlara da yayılmıştır. Batı Avrupa modernleşme süreci ile Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun yaşadığı modernleşme sürecini belirleyen neden ve temellerin farkının görülebileceği yer, Osmanlı ile Avrupa modernleşmesi arasındaki koşulların farkında işaretlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Osmanlı/Türk modernleşmesi Batı modernleşmesinden pek çok konuda farklılıklar gösteren bir süreç deneyimlemiştir Bu araştırma Osmanlı/Türk modernleşmesinin genel çerçevesi Batıda gerçekleşen ve örnek alınmış olan modernleşme dönem, süreç, pratikler ekseninde karşılaştırmalı bir sorunsallaştırma üzerinden Türk modernleşmesinin “arzulanan” biçimde gerçekleş(eme)me sürecinin kısıtlayıcı faktörlerini dönem, kurum, aktör, yapı çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde Osmanlı/Türk modernleşme sürecinin yönetimine yön veren temel faktörler, sürecin gelişimini belirleyen endişeler ve modernleşme pratiklerinin uygulama alanları ve biçimi tartışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise, modernleşme sürecinin hedeflenen sonuçlara ulaşımı engelleyen kısıtlayıcı toplumsal düzenin ekonomik işeyiş biçimini şekillendiren yapısı, toplumsal yapının üzerinde yükseldiği zeminin özellikleri ve toplumsal ilişkilerin ekonomisi kısıtlayıcı yapı ve dinamikler perspektifinden araştırılmıştır. Sonuçta Türk modernleşmesi temel Osmanlı/Türk toplumsal yapı, aktör ve dinamiklerinin belirleyici ve şekillendirici özellikleri ekseninde gerçekleşen sui generis bir görünüm arz etmektedir.
THE EVOLUTION OF APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND LAW-MAKING: THEORY AND POLITICAL AND LEGAL PRACTICE
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, ZUBOV V.V.
Published: June 2024

The proposed publication provides a comprehensive review of the historical path of changing approaches (theoretical and practical) to the definition of the principles of law and lawmaking and establishes the nature of the evolutionary process in political and legal matter. On the basis of the general dialectical method, analysis and comparative legal approach, the principles of law and lawmaking are identified and revealed, depending both on the level and degree of generalization (special, sectoral, intersectoral, universal), and on the specifics of the current or historical stage of development of political and legal reality, the content of the concept of "lawmaking" is established in direct connection with similar categories, the lawmaking process and types of lawmaking are characterized. In the course of the presentation of the material, the author establishes that the current Russian law is based on synthesis of the achievements of the main concepts of legal understanding - the natural law doctrine, positivism and the realistic school of law. It is indicated that in recent years the principles of law in Russia have been evolving against the background of the steady sovereignization of the domestic political and legal order. The definition of lawmaking is given as a purposeful activity of the competent authorities to change, establish or abolish legal norms, which is the highest form of expression of the process of lawmaking and an integral element of rulemaking, it is established that the principles of lawmaking should correlate with the actual principles of law. The conclusion is that the evolution of the principles of law and lawmaking is non-linear, it varies depending on the level of development of each individual legal order and the individual characteristics of the formation, functioning and development of society. On the example of the domestic legal order the author shows that the reception of western European principles of law, as the independence of the Russian federation in the international arena was strengthened, was replaced by the construction of national legislation, taking into account the special historical path of the country and those traditional fundamental values that are immanent to the single multinational people of Russia.
FEATURES OF THE LEGAL REGIME OF THE PROPERTY OF SPOUSES
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia, GASANOV N.F.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the most problematic and controversial aspects of the legal regulation of relations between spouses. Despite the fact that the legislation regulating family relations in Russia was adopted many years ago, the process of building an optimal legal model of property relations between spouses is not over. The purpose of the presented research is to identify problematic issues in the regulation of property relations of spouses and to determine possible ways to resolve them. The content and structure of the legal institution of the spouses' property determining its regime are investigated. The most problematic areas of marital property relations are highlighted, the regulation of which is currently insufficiently effective. The approaches used in the world law-making and law enforcement practice are investigated, the possibility of their successful application in the Russian legal field is evaluated. Conclusions are drawn about the existing legislative gaps in the regulation of many property relations of spouses. The author pays special attention to the regulation of the procedure for changing the legal regime of the spouses' property. It is shown that in law enforcement practice, it is unreasonably allowed to change the legal regime of the property of spouses as a consequence of a number of civil law transactions involving spouses. This approach is considered by the author as not conforming to the law. Proposals have been made to improve regulatory regulation and law enforcement practice to resolve the most controversial issues of changing the legal regime with the property of spouses. Keywords: PROPERTY RIGHTS OF SPOUSES, LEGAL AND CONTRACTUAL REGIMES
THE ROLE AND POWERS OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN REGULATING THE CIRCULATION OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES: DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, BALANYUK L.L. , GURKO A.V.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the research. The article examines the features of the legal regulation of the circulation of cryptocurrency in Russia as a type of digital currency to determine the extent of the shortage of legal instruments in the field of regulation, supervision and control of the cryptocurrency market. Results. Despite Russia’s leading position in terms of cryptocurrency settlements and mining, Russian legislation lacks the terminology necessary to regulate the cryptocurrency market. This situation leads to the lack of definition of permitted and prohibited types of activities in the cryptocurrency market, adequate application of taxation to all cryptocurrency transactions, and not just to operations for the alienation of cryptocurrency, the absence of a methodology for measures and types of legal liability for violations in cryptocurrency turnover. In addition, the position of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is to prohibit not only settlements in cryptocurrency, but also any operations related to it. To solve this problem of eliminating the legal vacuum in the field of cryptocurrency turnover, it is necessary to determine the terminology necessary for legislative implementation, defining the features of cryptocurrency operations, and the classification of digital currencies. The article analyzed different methodological approaches of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation and the EAEU bodies to the possibility of using cryptocurrency as a payment instrument. The authors of the article propose their own classification of types of digital currencies, which will make it possible to determine the powers of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in terms of regulatory, control and supervisory functions regarding the issuance and circulation of various types of existing digital currency in general and cryptocurrency in particular.
THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors:   Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, PAKSHIN P.K. ,   Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

This article analyzed attempts to legally regulate artificial intelligence in private international law. The author notes that the problem of interaction between artificial intelligence and law is becoming more and more urgent with each decade, and the fact that there is no solution to the issue of legal recognition of the actions of artificial intelligence systems in Russian legislation deserves special attention. The author draws attention to the prerequisites for the emergence of artificial intelligence, studies the features of its regulation in private international law, aspects of functioning and the limits of its applicability, as well as legal liability. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to use a flexible approach in which the amount of responsibility initially assigned to the creators of the artificial intelligence system is gradually shifting from the creators to the systems themselves. The author draws attention to the fact that the use of artificial intelligence systems seems promising in the field of harmonization and unification of norms of private international law, as well as monitoring the observance of ethical principles by parties in international arbitration. Speaking about the security of works obtained with artificial intelligence, the author believes that it is possible to recognize artificial intelligence systems as an “author-in-fact”, but the “author-in-law” should be a person. At the same time, the application of the concept of “collective subject” to an “electronic person” is a correlation of the legal personality of artificial intelligence with the legal personality of a legal entity and is the most specific and easy to implement.
LEGAL SUPPORT FOR STRATEGIES TO INCREASE DIGITAL LITERACY: THE EXPERIENCE OF CHINA
Authors:   The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia, YAKOVLEVA A.V.
Published: June 2024

In recent years, digital technologies represented by the Internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, metaverse, etc. have developed rapidly and are widely used in social production and public life. The development of the digital economy is changing both the professional structure and the structure of knowledge and skills. In this regard, digital literacy is becoming one of the basic skills that allow people to adapt to professional and social life in the digital era. Increasing the digital literacy and skills of the entire population can facilitate the innovative use of technology and allow to take full advantage of the new benefits of technological development. Recognizing the need to improve digital literacy, in 2021 the Central Leading Group for Internet Security and Informatization of the People's Republic of China published the "Action Plan for Improving Digital Literacy and Skills for the Whole People" until 2035, which became the legal foundation of the Digital China project. This document focuses on creating a universal, equitable and accessible systemic digital infrastructure, increasing the level of awareness of digital citizens, their level of technological thinking, the ability to constantly learn and a sense of social responsibility in the modern digital world.
THE SOCIAL CONDITIONALITY OF THE INTRODUCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR THE REFUSAL OR EVASION OF A PERSON SUBJECTED TO ADMINISTRATIVE PUNISHMENT FROM CONCLUDING A STATE CONTRACT UNDER A STATE DEFENSE ORDER OR A CONTRACT NECESSARY TO FULFILL A STATE DEFENSE ORDER
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, KAMENEVA A.N.
Published: June 2024

This article evaluates the determinants that determine the social expediency of introducing liability under Article 2013 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation into the current Criminal Law of the Russian Federation - "Refusal or evasion of a person subjected to administrative punishment from concluding a state contract for a state defense order or a contract necessary to fulfill a state defense order." The author examines the content of the new corpus delicti and draws conclusions determining the necessity and validity of the introduction of criminal liability for the repeated act of committing an administrative offense provided for in Article 7.29.2. of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. As a result, the conclusion is formulated that the presented amendments to the criminal law significantly tighten criminal liability for the acts in question, provided that the primary administrative offense is committed, which translates the consequences in the form of the application of legal liability to the guilty person from a number of administrative consequences to the plane of criminal legal relations, which is also due to new challenges and threats that are reflected in the modern realities of economic, legal and legal development of the Russian Federation.
PROBLEMS OF DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF “SOCIALLY DANGEROUS CONSEQUENCES” AND ITS DIFFERENTIATION WITH RELATED CATEGORIES IN CRIMINAL LAW
Authors:   I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russian Federation, ALEKSEEV A.M.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the presented work is to study one of the problems of the categorical and conceptual apparatus of modern criminal law, expressed in the difficulties of distinguishing socially dangerous consequences from a number of other categories (dangerous consequences, criminal result), as well as determining the generic, key feature of the designated phenomenon, which prevents the formulation of its definition. Conclusions. The conducted research allowed us to correlate the designated phenomena and come to the conclusion that they are not identical and characterize different legal states. In addition, based on the study of the terms “harm”, “damage” and “negative changes”, the author formulated the concept of “socially dangerous consequences” in a narrow and broad sense.
THE SPECIFICS OF THE SOCIAL DANGER OF THE INTERACTION OF THE PHENOMENA OF “EXTREMISM” AND “MERCENARY ACTIVITY” IN MODERN REALITIES
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod branch of the St. Petersburg Academy of Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, PSHENICHNOV I.M.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to actualize the problem of the participation of mercenaries in extremist activities, the main importance in the framework of the resolution of which is given to criminal legal counteraction. The theoretical significance of the study of this topic is determined by the possibility to develop scientific concepts, approaches and methodologies for analyzing and combating the consolidation of the presented socially dangerous phenomena, which also contributes to the deepening of knowledge about the mechanisms of their functioning. The conclusions and recommendations obtained as a result of the study will allow us to form the conceptual foundations of state policy in the field of countering extremism and terrorism, while taking into account the specifics of the use of “illegal hiring” in this criminal activity. In particular, the factors that can become prerequisites for improving the fight against mercenary activities, modernizing the prevention of such phenomena, as well as promoting intercultural dialogue and tolerance in society are identified.
LEGAL EDUCATION: THE IDEA OF CONTINUITY
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Moscow, Russian Federation, MIRZOYAN M.E.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the trend of lifelong learning in one educational institution that is developing in Russian and world educational practice, starting from the secondary educational level, which includes school preparation and ending with obtaining a diploma of higher education with the prospect of postgraduate study. The article discusses the basic international documents on the development of continuing education, proposes a historical retrospective of the development of education in Russia and shows the modern picture of continuing education in the Russian Federation. In addition, the author proposes recommendations of a legislative plan to increase students' interest in continuing education.
EXTREMIST ASSAULT ON A PERSON: A PROMISING MODEL OF CRIMINAL LAW COUNTERACTION
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod branch of the St. Petersburg Academy of Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, PETRYANIN A.V.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to develop and argue a new legal and technical model for protecting the life and health of an individual from encroachments based on motives of hatred or enmity. The theoretical significance of the study is seen in the demonstration of a scientific hypothesis about the expediency of establishing responsibility for an extremist attack on a person under chapter 29 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The presented conclusions and arguments will allow overestimating the importance of objects of criminal law protection in the field of ensuring the foundations of the constitutional order and state security.
THE REGULATION “ON THE MANAGEMENT OF SPIRITUAL AFFAIRS OF ARMENIANS OF THE ARMENIAN-GREGORIAN CONFESSION IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE”, DATED MARCH 11, 1836
Authors:   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, OSIPIAN B.A.
Published: June 2024

In his article by thorough studying of the spiritual and legal essence, and specific provisions of one of the well-known historical sources of the Russian and Armenian legal consciousness and legislation, describes the reasons and conditions for drafting of this state-legal normative act “The Regulation ‘On the Management of Spiritual Affairs of Armenians of the Armenian-Gregorian Confession in the Russian Empire’, dated March 11, 1836”, as well as the main goals and processes of its successful applications in the former Russian Empire.
PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE SIGNS OF EXTREMIST CRIMES AND CRIMES WITH SIGNS OF EXTREMIST ACTIVITY
Authors:   Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for the Nizhny Novgorod Region, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, AHMETSHIN A.S. ,   St. Petersburg Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to update the problem of the participation of mercenaries in extremist activities, the main importance in the resolution of which is given to criminal law counteraction. The theoretical significance of the study of this topic is determined by the ability to develop scientific concepts, approaches and methodologies for analyzing and combating the consolidation of the presented socially dangerous phenomena, which also contributes to deepening knowledge about the mechanisms of their functioning. The conclusions and recommendations obtained as a result of the study will form the conceptual foundations of state policy in the field of countering extremism and terrorism, while taking into account the specifics of the use of “illegal recruitment” in the specified criminal activity. Among other things, factors have been identified that can become prerequisites for improving countering mercenarism, modernizing the prevention of such phenomena, as well as promoting intercultural dialogue and tolerance in society.
LEGAL PROBLEMS OF ENSURING FOOD SECURITY IN MODERN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION AND MUTUAL RESTRICTIVE MEASURES
Authors:   St. Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia named after Hero of the Russian Federation Army General E.N. Zinichev, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, BELKHAROEV KH.U. ,   Institute of World Economy and Business of the Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the problems of ensuring food security in modern Russia in the context of globalization and mutual restrictive measures. Legal documents forming the sphere of state policy in the field of ensuring food independence are studied. The issues of creating conditions for uninterrupted provision of the population with affordable good-quality food, in the physical and economic sense, are considered. It is revealed that food security at the global level affects socio-economic development, health and ecology. It is shown that by pushing through their geopolitical interests, the countries of the golden billion threaten the food stability of entire continents, and the world community as a whole is moving away from solving the problems of food security at the global level. The absence of a direct legislative act regulating the most important area of national security hinders the food self-sufficiency of our country. It is recommended to develop and adopt the Federal Law “On Food Security” as soon as possible.
SOURCES AND FORMS OF POPULATION REGISTRATION OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL REGULATIONS
Authors:   Federal Institution Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, LOBACHEVA L.P. , SHURUKHNOV N.G.
Published: June 2024

Indicates the formation and subsequent development of documentation (registration) of the population of Russia, indicates the sources and forms of recording such information. Regulatory acts are presented, their analysis is given, the role of clergy as living sources, technical recorders and keepers of information about the most important life events of citizens is indicated. The main attention is focused on metric books and their role in establishing various historical facts. The emphasis is placed on the research of individual scientists who have professionally studied the listed problems, which allowed the authors to form their own point of view.
FIGHTING CYBERCRIME IN RUSSIA AND THE UNITED STATES
Authors:   Moscow Regional Branch of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot, Moscow, Russian Federation, AKVIT V.S. , LEVKIN V.A.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the specifics of the fight against cybercrime in Russia and the United States, describes the factors influencing the timely detection, disclosure and investigation of crimes committed using information and telecommunications technologies.
ON THE ISSUE OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC LAW: A NEW MANIFESTATION OF OLD PROBLEMS
Authors:   M.M. Speransky Law Institute of the Vladimdir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, Vladimdir, Russian Federation, ISAAKOV G.N. , OSHMARIN A.A.
Published: June 2024

The paper raises the question of the practical significance of the division of law into private and public, analyzes the ratio of public and private interests; conclusions are drawn about the inadmissibility of integrating public law principles into private relations, even if one of the parties in these relations is the state.
FEATURES OF NOTARIZATION OF TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING SPOUSES: STATUS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, LETOVA N.V.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the study. The article examines the problems of theory and practice that arise in the field of notaries in connection with the certification of transactions of spouses in relation to their common property. The regulatory discrepancy in the use of the terms “agreement”, “contract”, “transaction” in the field of family relations in comparison with civil relations is determined, the limits of multi-branch regulation of transactions are identified, and general problems associated with the registration of certain types of property of spouses are identified. It has been proven that the participation of a notary in such transactions is of particular importance, consisting in his performance of the function of public control over transactions involving spouses, ensuring the protection of their property rights on the basis of their mutual agreements.
EVOLUTION AND INTEGRATION OF INTEGRATED CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, SEREBRENNIKOVA A.V.
Published: June 2024

In connection with the approval by the Government of the Russian Federation of the legislative changes of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, which allow the creation of unified-type institutions in the penitentiary system, the author of the article considers conceptual, legislative and law enforcement aspects, starting from the historical aspect of its emergence and development in the 1990s in the USSR and ending with modern approaches to the integration of different types of penitentiary institutions. The main categories of multiregime are analyzed, and the prospects for the development and implementation of technological innovations in the penitentiary system are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the economic justification and feasibility of creating unified-type institutions, as well as organizing mixed institutions on the basis of interregional cooperation. Possibilities of standardization and expansion of successful practices in the field of penitentiary system are presented.
MODERN APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING THE ETHICS OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russian Federation, VOLOSOVA N.YU.
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence is becoming an integral part of human life, its implementation is quite intensive, including the sphere of legal proceedings. In this regard, the question arises about the ethical side of the use of artificial intelligence in the administration of justice. It should be noted that the general anthropocentric vector towards the development of the ethical foundations of the use of AI systems is characteristic of most States, which indicates the commitment of States to respect fundamental human values when using AI in judicial proceedings. The ethical principles of the administration of justice in many States are undergoing significant changes due to the formation of a new ethics of justice - justice using artificial intelligence. This article will be devoted to the study of global trends aimed at the formation of moral principles of judicial proceedings using artificial intelligence.
TERRORISM AS ONE OF THE MAIN THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors:   Moscow Regional Branch of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot, Moscow, Russian Federation, BASHLUEVA M.A. , KARTASHOV I.A.
Published: June 2024

The subject of this study is such a social phenomenon as terrorism and its types, as one of the main threats to national security. The relevance of the research topic is ensured by the fact that a Special Military operation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is currently being conducted on the territory of Ukraine. The Ukrainian military is unable to win on the battlefield and resorts to the use of various terrorist methods, up to total terror against the civilian population and creating a real threat to national security. The purpose of the article is to analyze the socio-political terrorism in the context of the degree of its threat to national security. In the course of the work, the method of historical analysis of both Russian and foreign experience is actively used. The conclusion of the article is devoted to the need to identify new types of terrorism and improve ways to combat it.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation, FEOKTISTOV M.V.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the international legal foundations of modern criminal law, the possibility of classifying international legal acts as sources of criminal law, determining their legal force, overcoming conflicts and competition between the norms of international criminal law and national legislation. The paper examines the established approaches to the application of self-executing and non-self-executing international legal norms in criminal cases. The author comes to the conclusion that the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has lost the status of the only source of criminal law, since in addition to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as generally recognized principles and norms of international law, as well as international treaties of the Russian Federation, can be attributed to them.
STRUCTURE OF THE US BANKING SYSTEM AND BANKING SUPERVISION
Authors:   Moscow Regional Branch of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot, Moscow, Russian Federation, BASHLUEVA M.A. , KOTELNIKOVA V.A.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the structure of the banking system in the United States, as well as the bodies responsible for local banking supervision. The subject of this article is the reader’s understanding of the US banking system and its regulatory authorities. The relevance of the research topic is ensured by the fact that the main attention is paid to commercial banks, in the future their characteristics, features and main features will be given. Also, due to the fact that each bank has a regulatory body, the article will present the main federal agencies responsible for banking regulation. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the banking system and banking supervision of the United States. In the course of the work, the method of comparative analysis of Russian and foreign experience is used. The conclusion of the article is devoted to a specific consideration of local banking supervision, its procedures and tools.
The Phenomenon of Unaccompanied International Migrant Children in Nariño - Colombia and their State of Exposure to Vulnerability Factors in Transit Circuits
Authors: LASSO Alejandra Duarte , GARAT DE MARIN Mirtha Silvana , SORIANO FLORES Emmanuel , SILVA ALVARADO Eduardo
Published: June 2024

International migration in border territories converges in multilevel territorial dynamics that are linked to different forms of vulnerability, risks, and violence. These forms of vulnerability, risks, and violence tend to be concentrated in specific segments of the migrant population, particularly women, children, and adolescents. This article presents as a research product a situated analytical description of migratory processes of unaccompanied international children and their state of exposure to vulnerability in migratory transit circuits in Nariño Colombia. The problem was typified in two categories: to characterize the population segment of unaccompanied international migrant children and adolescents in a migratory transit situation (in terms of socio-demographics, migratory movements, and transit routes) and to determine their state of exposure to vulnerability factors. The research had a qualitative-quantitative approach with an exploratory-descriptive scope. The type of sampling applied was non-probabilistic with a multiple case study sample and triangulation analysis method considering the criteria of pertinence and relevance. The analysis was based on the following axes: territories, subjects, and transits versus dimensions and factors of vulnerability. The results showed individual and collective migration processes of unaccompanied international adolescents between 16 and 18 years of age. Exposure factors in the geographic and physical dimensions showed a greater proclivity to suffer gender-based violence and other forms of violence that emerge from trans-territorial dynamics in areas of influence sensitive to armed conflicts, which converge with their transit circuits. In addition, it was found that this segment faces systems of multidimensional violence at the levels of communities, territories, and institutions that reproduce an effect of expulsion, marginalization, and segregation as a result of the geopolitics of the territories in Nariño, border migration management, but also of the traditional protection model based on family reunification and humanitarian aid.
The Creativity Levels Of Pre-Service Teachers and the Preferences of a Teacher Model Supporting Creativity
Authors: EMINE Arikhan
Published: June 2024

Creativity is significant in the education world. Pre-service teachers who adopt the methods of creativity and benefit from them are as important as the methods that reveal creativity in the teaching process. In this context, the purpose of this study is to measure the creativity levels of pre-service teachers and the preferences of a teacher model supporting creativity. For that purpose, three scales were used and analyzed. The first scale is ‘Hacettepe Personality Inventory scale’; the second scale is “Teacher Index Scale Supporting Creativity (CFTIS Scale)” and the third scale is “Kaufman Creativity Domains Scale Turkish Form (KCAS-TF)” test. According to the findings of the study, it can be claimed that the personality traits and creativity areas of the pre-service teachers and the teaching styles that support creativity are shaped in accordance with these definitions, and that the ability to produce new ideas and the skills to create new ideas are frequently used in the field of creativity, especially by the individuals studying in departments that require artistic creativity. Also, students who receive art education are more creative than those who do not.
Analysis of Strategy Selection for Social Leading Enterprise Partners in Social Entrepreneurship Ecosystem
Authors: LIN Xiaoli , CHUN Dongphil
Published: June 2024

The social entrepreneurship ecosystem is an innovation system composed of multiple stakeholders, linked by social responsibility, based on cooperation and symbiosis, and aimed at resource complementarity. In this system, social leading enterprises serve as the core force, and the optimization of their partners is crucial for the stability and development of the entire system. This article aims to explore the optimization selection methods of social leading enterprise partners in the social entrepreneurship ecosystem, in order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of the social entrepreneurship ecosystem. This article takes the entrepreneurial ecosystem as the background to explore the growth process and self-organizing evolution mechanism of social enterprises. Based on the social enterprise growth model, this paper analyzes the different stages of social enterprise growth in entrepreneurial ecosystems to varying degrees, proposes a self-organizing evolution model, and proves that the selection of social enterprise partners in entrepreneurial ecosystems has an impact on the self-organizing evolution of social enterprises. It has the characteristics of self-renewal, self adaptation, self catalysis, and self circulation. Research has shown that only through continuous exploration and bold innovation, a favorable external environment, and the benign interaction of various elements within the system can a sustainable and relatively mature social entrepreneurship ecosystem be constructed.
modeling approach of return and volatility of structured investment products with caps and floors
Authors: He Jiaer , Rivera Roberto
Published: June 2024

A popular investment structured product in Puerto Rico is the stock markettied Individual Retirement Account (IRA), which offers some stock market growth while protecting the principal. The performance of these retirement strategies has yet to be studied. This work examines the expected return and risk of Puerto Rico stock market IRAs (PRIRAs) and compares their statistical properties with other investment instruments after tax. We propose a parametric modeling approach for structured products and apply it to PRIRAs. Our method first estimates the conditional expected return (and variance) of PRIRA assets from which we extract marginal moments through the Law of Iterated Expectation. Our results indicate that PRIRAs underperform against investing directly in the stock market while carrying substantial risk. PRIRAs may be reasonable for some risk-averse investors due to their principal protection and tax deferral.
Addressing the Health Implications of Heat Waves: Urgent Actions for Protection and Resilience
Authors: Hapsari Rafif Naufi Waskitha , Nugroho Heru Santoso Wahito , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: June 2024

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