bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difficulties of Undergraduate Students to Understand of 2nd Calculus
Authors: A Ruslimin , Masriyah Masriyah , Manuharawati Manuharawati
Published: November 2019

This study aims to describe the types of difficulties and factors causing the undergraduate students of Mathematics Education to have difficulty to understand materials of 2nd Calculus. This research is descriptive research with quantitative and qualitative approach. The research instruments used were tests and interview guides. The data analysis techniques consisted of three stages, namely: data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of his research are the types of difficulties faced by students of S1 Mathematics Education in understanding 2nd Calculus  lecture material, namely: Difficulties in the stage of understanding, Difficulties in the transformation phase, Difficulties in the process skills stage, Difficulties at the stage of writing answers / solutions and the factors that caused by intellectual factors, namely: students do not understand the integral concept of substitution, Students do not understand the concept of trigonometric comparisons, students do not understand how to make an integral substitution example and do the substitution substitution into an integral form whose solution is to be sought, students do not understand about decomposition in trigonometry and do not understand which one decomposes and which one decreases, students do not know the formulas commonly used in trigonometry.
Students' Relational Thinking in Solving Word Problem Based Cognitive Style
Authors: Bahri Akhmad Syaiful , Lukito Agung , Masriyah Masriyah
Published: November 2019

This study is motivated by students' low relational thinking ability. Relational thinking is one of the interesting problems in mathematics education. In this study will be examined the ability of relational thinking field-dependent and independent students in solving the arithmetic word problem. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. This research was conducted on 7th-grade of junior school students of Surabaya. The subjects of this study were 1 student who had a field-independent cognitive style and 1 student who had a field-dependent cognitive style. The data of the students' relational thinking process is obtained through the results of solving arithmetic word problem and interviews. Subject selection is done using instrument group embedded figures test. The results of the research showed that students with cognitive field-dependent experiences had difficulties in thinking and have not been able to establish the relationship between information elements and previous knowledge to solve problems. Whereas students with independent field cognitive styles were capable of relational thinking, namely by building interrelationships between elements of information and prior knowledge and knowledge of the properties of structure to solve problems.
Enhancing Students’ Creative Thinking through Inquiry-Based Learning Integrating Mathematical Tools
Authors: Indarasati Nanda Ayu , Abadi Abadi , Lukito Agung
Published: November 2019

Students were demanded to be a creative problem solver in the career world. A mathematical learning following an inquiry-based learning approach and integrating mathematical tools was developed in this study. Students constructed original solutions about trigonometry ratio by using a clinometer and a meter as mathematical tools in allowing creative thinking. The product was designed through ADDIE methodology and applied to two classes in a Senior High School. A pre-test and post-test design measured cognitive knowledge as creative thinking variable. The result showed that this product with using mathematical tools was feasible and successful in enhancing students’ creative thinking. Inquiry-based learning was developed by involving three main components: providing students with a contextual mathematical problem-solving activity; involving student in an open-ended investigation with using a clinometer and a meter as mathematical tools to promote their creative thinking in creating original solutions; motivating students to build their own knowledge. This inquiry-based learning which had been developed significantly influenced students’ pre-knowledge scores. It could be concluded that creative thinking contributed, too. A recommendation for mathematics teachers in teaching mathematics was to involve students in problem-solving activity that facilitated them to conduct open-ended investigation whereas they could construct their own knowledge in building an original solution.
Development of Guided Discovery Learning to Improve Reflective Thinking
Authors: Jayanto Ignasius Fandy , Noer Sri Hastuti , Caswita Caswita
Published: November 2019

This study is a development research that aims (a) to produce valid and practical Guided Discovery learning to improve the ability of reflective thinking, and (b) to determine the effectiveness of Guided Discovery learning to improve the ability to think reflective.  This research is a Research and Development (R D). The research subjects were seventh grade students of SMP Paramarta 1 Seputih Banyak in the academic yearof 2018 / 2019. The instruments used are observation sheets, interview sheets, validity assessment instruments, trial sheets, and reflective thinking test instruments. The results of this study are (a) Guided Discovery learning has valid and practical criteria and (b) Average N-Gain scores mathematically reflective thinking of students after given Guided Discovery learning bigger than the average N-Gain score of mathematical reflective thinking skills of students who following conventional learning. Suggestions for developing Guided Discovery learning as an alternative to improve the ability of mathematical reflective thinking in junior high school students.
Analysis of Mathematical Literacy Processes in High School Students
Authors: Hayati Tri Rahmah , Kamid Kamid
Published: November 2019

The results of the Programme for International Students Assessment (PISA) survey published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) show that Indonesia is still a country with low mathematical literacy skills. The ability of mathematical literacy is closely related to interpreting contextual problems into mathematical language. In modern times like today, what is needed is not only mathematics as arithmetic, but also mathematical literacy is needed related to mathematical reasoning and problem solving. The government has included contextual aspects of the curriculum applied in schools. However, in reality many schools still do not have contextual abilities that are in line with the still low literacy abilities of students in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to describe the mathematical literacy process in senior high schools which in this study were students with majoring in science and students with majoring in social studies. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects were grade X students majoring in science and majoring in social studies. The instruments used in this study were the authors themselves, math literacy questions sheets, and interview guidelines. The results showed that the mathematics literacy process of high school students obtained was both students with majoring in Natural Sciences and students with majoring in Social Sciences are 1) The social science students have been able to reasoning and planning to solve the problem well, even though there still mistakes. The natural science students well in calculation and use formula. However, the natural science students are unable not to argue mathematically and express opinions. 2) the social science students are not good at reasoning and planning to solve the problem, however well in express what students thought verbally. For diagrams translate and solve to math language, the students from social science still difficult. Use of formula in natural science students still not right.
Development Learning Design Based on Metacognitive Strategies Oriented to Critical Thinking Skill
Authors: Hutabarat Madya , Caswita Caswita , Suharsono Suharsono
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical learning design based on metacognitive strategies that are oriented to critical thinking skills that are valid, practical and effective in solid geometry. The research was carried out with stages in Nieveen's model that begins with preliminary research, prototyping stage, and assessment stage. The field test design uses the pretest-posttest control group design. Data collection used a validation sheet, student and teacher questionnaire responses, and test instruments of critical thinking skills. Respectively to determine the validity of learning design, the level of practicality, and the effectivity of learning design. Validity and practicality were analyzed by using deskiptif statistics, while effectivity were analyzed by Mann Whitney U. Classical completeness, critical thinking skills, and improving critical thinking skills of students who apply learning based on metacognitive strategies are better than conventional learning. Therefore the design of learning based on metacognitive strategies is feasible because it meets the criteria of valid, practical and effective to improve students' critical thinking skills.
Understanding Post-Training Factors and Job Performance Relationship: Review of Literature for Transfer of Training Enthusiasts
Authors: Mozammel Soleman
Published: November 2019

In the era of competitive industrial time and globalization, enterprises need to have a competent, technologically "up to date," motivated and engaged workforce to maximize productivity. Therefore, in the current socio-economic industrial culture, enterprises are encouraged to be motivated to invest in employee training and development. Scholarly research in the business world have already emphasized on the robust association between learning opportunities for employees leading to their performance improvements. According to studies, businesses that have survived, understood, and learned the prospects of training and its long-term implications for business productivity. But even when the issues of providing training were resolved, that also brought the question of application of the training at the workplace by the employees that may be defined as the term "training transfer." Training transfer by employees is essential for the investment return that was aimed to have higher productivity and profit for organizations. If there is a failure of training transfer through proper implementation of the newly acquired knowledge and learnings, not only the performance stays in the pre-training level, but also there is no investment return for the organization. Many organizations are suffering losses due to failing to implement training transfer adequately in the organization. Therefore, it is essential to ensure proper application of transfer training to secure investment resulting in higher job performance and productivity. That requires a good quality of supervisory support, perceived utility, and higher education. The study discusses both theoretical and practical implications for the organizational stakeholders for better job performances.
The Study of Indisch Architecture Development as an Effort in Preserving the Heritage of Colonial History in Medan
Authors: Faisal Imam , Suwantoro Hajar
Published: November 2019

The development of this nation's history does not separate from the development of colonial architecture. It is necessary for fundamental knowledge so that the understanding of the development of architecture can be part of the nation's history that is important to be studied.  One of the important things from architectural development in Indonesia is the coming of Dutch influence. The term of Indisch is used to refer to the developing architecture in the colonial area. The development of this architecture extends mainly at major cities in Indonesia including Medan City. This paper describes the development of Indisch architecture in Medan City and the efforts to maintain and preserve it. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach in order to describe the facts that exist in the field and to study it by the theory used. The result shows that the development of architecture does not separate from the development of the city in the colonial period. By growing of city development during the colonial era, so the building is an important element in it. The conservation effort is an attempt to maintain the existing history and memory.
Analysis of the Ability of School Supervisors in Increasing the Supervision of School Principals of Junior High School at Pidie District
Authors: Basri Basri
Published: November 2019

The background of this research is related to the development of the direction of the ability of school supervisors, especially school principals at the junior secondary level, which are influenced by internal factors including: the level of readiness of supervisors, principals, curriculum devices, administration and management, then the readiness of external factors which include: lack of available amenities; the lack of disciplines in accordance with the situation in the field as an effort to support the achievement of better education and teaching. The method used is descriptive meaning to describe the factors that affect the ability of school supervisors competency of the Principal in Pidie District. Data collection techniques used were observation, interview and documentary study techniques, while the research subjects were supervisors, principals, totaling 20 people. The results showed that there were several factors that could influence the performance of school principals including: internal factors affecting the ability of supervisors, principals' competencies, among others, their level of education, experience and years of work, because this affected the level of readiness of school supervisors and principals in carrying out the activity. Then proceed with external factors that are considered to affect the ability of school supervisors, the competency of school principals, namely the availability of facilities and infrastructure as evidence to support the learning process, the achievement of learning directions as desired, improving the performance and supervision of school principals as well as adequate levels of welfare around 85,65%.
The Evaluation of Authentic Assessment Implementation in the Kurikulum 2013 at SD Negeri 067690 Medan
Authors: Kesuma Deli , Surya Edy , Syahputra Edi
Published: November 2019

Assessment certainly has challenges and problems, especially for teachers who directly implement the applicable curriculum. Therefore, this study aims to find out the extent of the implementation of authentic assessment models in kurikulum2013 which viewed from aspects of readiness, planning, and implementation of assessments conducted by teachers. This type of research is an evaluative descriptive study with quantitative approach. The study is conducted at SD Negeri 067690 Medan with total sample of 13 teachers. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of authentic assessment model in thekurikulum 2013at SD Negeri 067690 Medan, as follows: the percentage of evaluations to the readiness assessment shows good results with an average of 79.75%, the percentage of evaluations of the assessment plan shows good results with an average of 77.43%, and the percentage of evaluations of the implementation of the assessment shows good results with an average of 66.23%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the implementation of authentic assessment model in the kurikulum 2013at SD Negeri067690 Medan is unfavorable category. In line with implementation of the curriculum 2013.
The Effect of E-Learning, Student Facilitator and Explaining Model Learning and Self-Regulated Learning on 11th Grade Students Learning Outcomes of Economic Subject in Senior High School 1 Perbaungan School Year 2019/2020
Authors: Situmorang Eduward , Hutasuhut Saidun , Maipita Indra
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine students taught by E-Learning and SFAE models obtain higher economic learning outcomes compared to SFAE models without E-Learning. The study is conducted in odd semester of Academic Year 2019/2020 in class XI of SMA Negeri 1 Perbaungan. The sampling technique of this study uses a cluster random sampling technique to establish an experimental group and a control group. The research approach is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design with non-equivalent (Pre Test and Post Test Design). The research design is pretest and posttest control design  and the research design can be presented with a 2 x 2 factorial design with the Two Path Analysis of Variance (ANAVA) technique. The results shows that there is a difference between student learning outcomes in the E-Learning class + SFAE Learning Model, and student learning outcomes applied by the SFAE Learning Model model and students who gained the greatest influence from E-Learning + SFAE Learning Model on student economic learning outcomes, namely 0 , 0929. It means that E-Learning + SFAE Learning Model can explain 9.29% the effect of variations in the score of student learning outcomes.
Learning Aqeedah Students who Learned with the Point Conterpoint Learning Model in Integrated Islamic Junior High School in Deli Serdang 2019-2020
Authors: Lubis Zultoni , Saragih Abdul Hasan , Gultom Ibrahim
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is to find out learning aqeedah students by using point counterpoint learning  model. This research was conducted at Deli Serdang IT Middle School, Percut Sei Tuan District. Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. This research was conducted in Odd semester of the 2019/2020 school year with treatment given 4 meetings. For one meeting, it took 2 x 40 minutes. The results of research and discussion that has been stated previously, then in this study it can be concluded that the Aqeedah learning outcomes of students taught with the Point Conterpoint model are higher than students taught with expository learning models.
Student Learning Result of Citizenship Education in Internet Learning Media with High Interpersonal Communication in High School Al-Azhar Medan
Authors: Hamonangan Ronald , Situmorang Julaga , Tanjung Samsidar
Published: November 2019

the aim of this research is to get a student learning result of citizenship education in internet learning media with high interpersonal communication get solustion for problems about the teaching and learning process in Civics learning in this school, the researcher conducted a direct interview with the teacher who took care of the subjects to the location/ object of research, namely class XI teacher Al-Azhar High School Medan. This research was conducted at Al-Azhar High School Medan, in class XI, both for conducting instrument trials and conducting research. This research will be carried out in the even semester of 2018/2019 Academic Year, namely in April 2019, with the treatment given in 6 meetings.  The result is Interpersonal communication is communication between communicator and communicant and Citizenship learning outcomes of students who have high interpersonal communication are higher than citizen ship learning outcomes of students who have low interpersonal communication.
E-MONITORING INTERAKTIF MENINGKATKAN REFLEKSI DIRI, MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA DIII KEBIDANAN
Authors: Ratnasari Eka , Permadi Wiryawan , Hilmanto Dany
Published: November 2019

The proportion of practice in Midwifery education has 60% of capacity, more than the proportion of theories which is only 40%. The biggest proportion of practice makes the Clinical Advisor and Academic Advisor try to provide immediate feedback to students in every skill learned in the practice field. Interactive, effective and corrective feedback can help students to do self-reflection so while in the practice field students expected to be motivated to improve learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to define the effect of Interactive E-Monitoring implementation on self-reflection, motivation and learning outcomes of the student.A research population of this study is students of midwifery diploma program in thirdh semester of 2018/2019 Akademic year who take part in second Laboratory Learning Practices, which are spread over in 13 of independent midwife practice fields (PMB). Samples were taken in based on inclusion criteria, students who were guided by PK that included in the criteria and in aged 19-20 years were 56 students. Data analyzed, if the data is normally distributed then it uses paired t test and if the data is not normally distributed then it uses the Wilcoxon Test.The results showed that students self-reflection increased from 74.9 to 80.5 (p
Factores que influyen en el comprador al momento de adquirir un bien inmueble
Authors: Daul Manrique Viviana Alexandra , Plaza Guzmán Jorge Javier , Pacheco Molina Andrés Marcelo
Published: November 2019

En el presente trabajo se analiza el comportamiento del consumidor a la hora de adquirir un bien inmueble, mediante una investigación descriptiva – cualitativa donde se utiliza el software SPSS-23 para el procesamiento de los datos del formulario realizado a 824 personas, analizando dos varias que son el tipo de vivienda y la ubicación.
Pengaruh Terpaan Iklan Dan Brand Loyalty Terhadap Minat Beli Produk Samsung Galaxy
Authors: Yoganata Dionisius Aditya
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out whether exposure to advertising and brand loyalty influences buying interest of Samsung Galaxy products. The theory used in this study is the AIDA model (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action), and the Advertising Exposure Process proposed by David. A Aaker. The research method used by the authors in this study is a quantitative method approach. The objects in this study are those who want to make purchases of Samsung Galaxy products, as well as those who have already used Samsung Galaxy products, which are determined by 85 respondents of the study sample. This research is quantitative descriptive, where the primary data collected through questionnaires are processed statistically, so that the measurement scale. The results of this study indicate that the variable exposure to advertising has an influence on buying interest of Samsung Galaxy by 46.6 percent. Also, the brand variable variable has an influence on buying interest of Samsung Galaxy products by 48.4 percent. Also, the variable exposure to advertising and brand loyalty has an influence on buying interest of Samsung Galaxy products by 61.8 percent together. Meanwhile, the rest is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. The conclusion of this study shows that there is an influence between exposure to advertising and brand loyalty on the purchase interest of Samsung Galaxy products, both partially and simultaneously. Suggestions from this study that the author can provide include further research of a similar nature in order to use other variables not contained in this study. Also, it is hoped that this research can be used as a reference, both for producers and those who should be consumers.
Dominasi Kedaulatan Negara dalam Integrasi Pemerintahan Uni Eropa: Penolakan Yunani Terhadap Pengungsi Syria
Authors: Anadza Hirshi
Published: November 2019

Integration becomes a solution when global government does not have capability to overcome power domination of state. By having integration, it is expected that all of member state can put all their authority in supranational governance, such as European Union (EU) so balance could be happen. By giving such kind of integration, the agreement of policies can be followed by the members of EU based on solidarity and tolerance among the members. However, this integration has not succeeded in reducing domination of country sovereignty that influences the variety of each country necessity, even it happen in not powerful state. This phenomenon is reflected when Greece broke the agreement of EU policy related to refugees protection, called Common European Asylum System (CEAS), by refuse asylum seekers from Syria. There are two things that must be highlighted when Greece refuse asylum seekers from Syria. First, domestic problem that can restrain Greece government in obeying CEAS policies. Second, the value of tolerance and solidarity from other countries has not be adhered in the policies agreed by each members of EU. Therefore, this paper explain further about studies to find the relationship between integration in supranational governance and country sovereignty.
Nahdlatul Ulama Dalam Pusaran Politik: Sebuah Otokriktik Orientasi NU Dalam Politik Perspektif Insider
Authors: Muhammad Iqbal Mahathir
Published: November 2019

A healthy and strong democratic state does not only require a strong political world. Of course, it is important to have a strong party, a strong leader, and a strong government. However, democracy also requires civil society which is also healthy and strong. In the political science literature, the political world and civil society are distinguished by political positions. The world of politics is the political territory of citizens who are prepared to fight for positions of government. The main vehicle is a political party. Meanwhile, civil society is the area of activity for citizens outside the government. The main vehicle is mass organizations. Deliberately, the world of civil society did not want to take part in the power struggle for the position of government. They deliberately chose a position outside the government to control the government. NU is expected to be in this position. Who always kept his distance from the world of practical politics and power. That way, the independence of NU as an authoritative mass organization is maintained.
Concepts of historical memory of Kryashen in Tatarstan: elitists versions of history and collective memory
Authors: Galindabaeva Vera
Published: November 2019

The article considers how ethnic entrepreneurs, manipulating various historical facts, formed opposing versions of the history of the origin of the Kryashen or Baptized Tatars in Tatarstan. The author describes the concepts of the historical memory of Kryashen, everyday ideas of Kryashen about history, as well as popular versions of the origin of baptized Tatars, which are supported by the population of the republic. The study is based on the analysis of textbooks on the history of the Tatar people, popular science literature, and the mass media, narratives from 170 interviews and questionnaire data from Kazan. An analysis of the data shows that at the level of mass representations, the most popular is the version promoted by the main political player, the elite of the republic: the Kryashens appeared as a result of the forced baptism of the Tatars in the 16th century. A popular version among the Kryashens themselves is that the Kryashens were never part of the Tatar people, because they were never Muslims. The study shows that at the level of the elite discourse the unity of the Tatar people is declared and the differences between the Tatars and the Kryashens are leveled. However, at the level of everyday interaction, the Tatars did not observe the same attitude towards the Kryashens.
Psychological Resources, Material Deprivation, and Health in Europe: Direct Effects and Mediation of Educational Inequalities
Authors: Rusinova Nina , Safronov Viacheslav
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the problem of mediation of social structural inequalities in health. According to theoretical explanations that require further empirical justification, inequalities in education — deterioration of health with its decline — may be associated with material deprivation. With a low educational status, a person does not have enough material resources necessary for high-quality nutrition, recreation and treatment. These inequalities may also arise due to the fact that poorly educated people lack the psychological reserves necessary for overcoming life's difficulties. Analysis of European Social Survey data (ESS 2012) for 27 countries, as well as the contextual factor of social protection expenditure was carried out using statistical methods of two-level modeling and regression models for mediation effects (HLM, MLmed macro, Process macro). Health inequalities in education are clearly manifest in any country. It was established that, along with education, material deprivations and especially personal resources play a significant role in differentiating the well-being of people, exerting an independent impact on it. According to the modeling results, in many countries, including the most developed, material deprivations that people with low levels of education suffer from, act as a mediator, partly clarifying the reasons for differences in health among people with different education. One of the lines of psychological mediation is also connected with material conditions — through two intermediaries, the first of which is deprivation, and the second is psychological qualities. At the same time, even when controlling all of these mediating effects, personal characteristics are an important mediator of SES inequalities, but not all over Europe, but only in countries with a relatively weak social state. In conclusion, a brief description of health inequalities and mediating effects in Russia is given.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA, DISIPLIN KERJA DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PT. PENINDO II TELUK BAYUR PADANG
Authors: Beno Jose , Irawan Dody Nata
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine and test the effect of work motivation, work discipline and work environment on the performance of the employees of PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang. The populations in this study were employees of PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang. The sampling technique used is random sampling. The Samples were 100 people. The data used are primary data and the  data analysis using linear regression. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang. Work discipline has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the employees of PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang. The work environment has a positive and significant effect on the performance of PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang.

 Keywords : Work motivation, Work discipline, Work environment and employee performance

 

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang. Untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang dan  untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja  pegawai PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang. Teknik  pengambilan  sampel  menggunakan  metode  accidentals  sampling,  yaitu   pengambilan  sampel  secara acak semua jumlah populasi mendapat kesempatan yang sama. Sampel diambil sebanyak 100 orang. Data yang digunakan data primer dengan analisis data menggunakan regresi linier. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat simpulkan motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang. Disiplin kerja  berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang. Lingkungan kerja  berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai PT. Penindo II Teluk Bayur Padang.

Kata kunci : Motivasi kerja, disiplin kerja, lingkungan kerja dan kinerja pegawai
Photogrammetry for assessment of pasture biomass
Authors: Wigley Kathryn , Owens Jennifer L. , Westerschulte Matthias , Riding Paul , Fourie Jaco , Werner Armin
Published: November 2019

New tools are required to provide estimates of pasture biomass as current methods are time consuming and labour intensive. This proof-of-concept study tested the suitability of photogrammetry to estimate pasture height in a grazed dairy pasture. Images were obtained using a digital camera from one site on two separate occasions (May and June 2017). Photogrammetry-derived pasture height was estimated from digital surface models created using the photos. Pasture indices were also measured using two currently available methods: a Rising Plate Meter (RPM), and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Empirical pasture biomass measurements were taken using destructive sampling after all other measurements were made, and were used to evaluate the accuracy of the estimates from each method. There was a strong linear relationship between photogrammetry-derived plant height and actual biomass (R2=0.92May and 0.78June) and between RPM and actual biomass (R2=0.91May and 0.78June). The relationship between NDVI and actual biomass was relatively weaker (R2=0.65May and 0.66June). Photogrammetry could be an efficient way to measure pasture biomass with an accuracy comparable to that of the RPM but further work is required to confirm these preliminary findings.
The performance and profitability of plantain/clover pasture mixtures in East Coast farming systems
Authors: Muir Paul D. , Thomson Beverley C. , Smith Noel B. , Ward Kathleen R. , MacGillivray Lochie , Macfarlane Malcolm J.
Published: November 2019

Yield and animal performance data from plantain/clover and resident ryegrass-based pastures were collected over several years from six properties on the East Coast of the North Island. This information was used in a FARMAXÂ® model developed for a hypothetical farm based on data collected by the Beef + Lamb Economic Service. The hypothetical farm was 495 ha with 50 ha of flats used for silage and/or winter forage crop. The base model had a gross margin of $703/ha. The 50-ha flat block was modelled as if in a plantain rotation with two thirds in plantain and one third in annual ryegrass each year. The higher yields and better-quality feed on the plantain block improved animal performance and carcass weights. Early mating of one-year ewes for feeding on plantain provided a very high-returning enterprise. More ewes and lambs were killed early at heavier carcass weights with a premium before the onset of summer-dry conditions. This became a force multiplier across the entire farm as more feed was available for other stock and lamb carcass weights increased across the farm. Highest returns were generated by using the extra quality feed to increase ewe liveweights by 8 kg. Whilst ewe numbers had to be decreased, this was more than compensated for by the higher lambing percentage and greater number of lambs from mated hoggets. The combined effect was an increase in farm gross margin by around $200/ha and in farm returns of $100,000.
Modelling long-term changes in soil phosphorus and carbon under contrasting fertiliser and grazing management in New Zealand hill country
Authors: Bilotto Franco , Vibart Ronaldo , Mackay Alec , Costall Des
Published: November 2019

Soil carbon (C) stocks under permanent New Zealand pastures vary with slope and aspect due to differences in primary production, animal behaviour and nutrient return. An existing nutrient transfer model was extended using a web-based, general-purpose modelling tool to simulate long-term changes in soil phosphorus (P) and C in hill country under contrasting fertiliser and sheep stocking regimes. Three self-contained farmlets were examined: no P applied; 125 kg single superphosphate (SSP)/ha/year; and 375 kg SSP/ha/year, since 1980. The refined spatial model was able to simulate P and C distribution with varying slopes and aspects. For example, the mean annual changes in soil P and C were greater on low slopes and eastern aspects than on the other two slope and aspect positions, consistent with observed changes in these nutrients. However, the model overestimated changes in soil C, which highlighted both gaps in current knowledge and key factors influencing change in soil C stocks. Understanding the spatial patterns of soil C across the landscape will be critical in the design of soil C monitoring regimes, should soil C stocks be considered at a national level as a sink or source of CO2 emissions.
Preliminary investigation into the feasibility of combining satellite and GPS data to identify pasture growth and grazing
Authors: Woodward Simon J.R. , Neal Mark B. , Cross Peter S.
Published: November 2019

Regular estimation of pasture availability is a time-consuming on-farm task, but one that is vital for good grazing management. The ability to automate this task is, therefore, highly valuable. Combining satellite sensing of pasture mass with global positioning for herd location provides raw data that can potentially be used to automatically estimate pasture mass, pasture growth and pasture grazing events across a farm. The feasibility of automatically obtaining and processing this information was demonstrated on a Waikato dairy farm from 22 October 2018 to 21 February 2019 (123 days), with 13 global positioning collars recording the location of grazing mobs 16 times per hour on average, in a dairy herd of initially 380 animals. Satellite sensing of pasture cover over the same period was only possible on 16 days during this period, with November being particularly cloudy, resulting in fewer pasture cover estimates. A non-linear regression model was constructed with parameters representing initial pasture cover, average pasture growth rate through time, pasture growth differences between paddocks, pasture disappearance rate relative to the density of cow GPS samples, and an ungrazeable residual. A Bayesian approach was used to infer the model parameters from the satellite-measured pasture cover data. This allowed interpolation of pasture mass through the whole period with an RMSE of 225 kgDM/ha, as well as identifying growth rate differences between paddocks, which may provide a useful basis for improved pasture management. Rough estimates of cow average daily pasture disappearance were also made, which peaked at 20 kgDM/d in November, falling to 5 kgDM/d by February. This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of combining satellite pasture cover data with herd location data from a small number of GPS collars to infer pasture growth rates in individual paddocks through time.
Sampling methods for clover species in grazed pastures to diagnose mineral deficiencies
Authors: Olykan Sonya T. , Lucas Richard J. , Moot Derrick J.
Published: November 2019

Diagnosis of clover nutrient status is important for legume-based pasture systems. The protocols for sample collection and setting of nutrient guidelines are ill-defined. This research quantified how nutrient concentrations differed between laminae (leaflets) and petioles (leaf stems) of subterranean (sub) clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and white clover (T. repens) as a first step in developing appropriate sampling procedures to examine the nutrient status of clover species. Field samples of sub and white clovers from three pasture sites in the Wairarapa and Canterbury were separated into lamina and full petiole and chemically analysed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S). Lamina + petiole K concentrations were lower in sub clover (2.3%) than white clover (3.2%). Across both species, the lamina concentrations of N (4.9%), P (0.36%) and S (0.28%) were higher than in the petiole (1.8%, 0.29% and 0.12% respectively) but the reverse was found for K (1.8 % lamina, 3.7% petiole). As a consequence, increasing the proportion of petiole added with the lamina affected the nutrient concentration of lamina + petiole samples so that N, P and S% declined but K% increased. In a subset of samples, NIR analysis found the crude protein of lamina + petiole in white clover was 24% compared with 21% in sub clover. Clover laminae of both species had 33% crude protein compared with only 11% in the petiole. The diagnosis of clover nutrient status for fertiliser recommendations should be based on lamina-only samples. In contrast, mixed pasture samples for nutritive value analysis should include clover laminae and petioles, plus grass and herb pasture components, to simulate grazing intake by livestock. The lack of defined sampling protocols may explain some of the difficulties previously reported in herbage nutrient interpretation and reconciling soil test results.
Farm systems analysis of two thistles of differing seasonal pasture growth impacts in North Island hill country
Authors: Stevens David R. , Tozer Katherine N. , Rhodes Tim , Zydenbos Sue M. , Dynes Robyn A. , Manning Michael J. , Roberts Ants H.C. , White Michael , Metherell Alister
Published: November 2019

Models for infestations of Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) and variegated thistle (Silybum marianum) were used to modify fortnightly pasture growth forecasts using Agricultural Production Systems simulator software using climate and soil data from a single farm (Tangihanga Station) over four aspects and three slope classes. Modelling using Farmax software was used to estimate profitability using the current farm enterprises with or without either the Californian or variegated thistles. Modelled pasture production, based on field observations of thistle infestation, was similar to estimates using animal intake (from Farmax). Californian thistle reduced pasture production in summer and autumn, while variegated thistle reduced autumn, winter and spring pasture growth. Californian thistle had a much greater overall presence (20%) than variegated thistle (9%). Both types of thistle reduced the potential to finish lambs in summer and reduced ewe wintering numbers, while the presence of Californian thistles also reduced over-wintering cattle numbers, by reducing summer-autumn pasture accumulation. Cost of control for Californian thistle ($233/ha) over two years was higher than for variegated thistle ($184/ha) over four years. Net profitability was reduced by 24% ($87/ha) by the presence of Californian thistle, and by 37% ($135/ha) by the presence of variegated thistle.
Nitrification inhibition by urine from cattle consuming Plantago lanceolata
Authors: Judson H. Glenn , Fraser Patricia M. , Peterson Michelle E.
Published: November 2019

Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) has the potential to indirectly reduce nitrate leaching from urine patches via compounds excreted in the urine of animals grazing the forb acting as biological nitrification inhibitors. Proof-of-concept research was previously undertaken using sheep urine, but it is important to examine whether this effect also occurs with cattle urine since cattle pose a greater N-leaching risk due to their higher urinary-N load. Housed dairy heifers (n=4) were assigned ad libitum dietary treatments of perennial ryegrass/ white clover or plantain for 14 days. On day 14, urine was collected through a sterile Foley catheter into a sealed container. Cattle then switched dietary treatment and urine was collected after a further 14 days. Urine samples were applied to soil microcosms and the net nitrification rate during a 35-day incubation determined. Similar urine-N concentrations were applied initially but a slower rate of soil nitrification was observed in the microcosms treated with urine from plantain-fed cows compared with those treated with urine from ryegrass/white clover-fed cows. The urine samples collected after the crossover showed a wider treatment difference in total N concentration, but also demonstrated a reduction in soil nitrification rate under the plantain urine. These results show similar trends to those previously reported for sheep urine.
Evaluation of LiDAR scanning for measurement of yield in perennial ryegrass
Authors: George Richard M. , Barrett Brent A. , Ghamkhar Kioumars
Published: November 2019

mproving pasture yields is a primary goal for plant breeders. However, measuring and selecting for yield is a major bottleneck in breeding, requiring methods that are laborious, destructive, and/or imprecise. A computerised scanner developed in Canterbury using LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology was evaluated in the Waikato on perennial ryegrass paired-row breeding plots. At eight timepoints, all plots were scanned prior to mechanical defoliation and recording of fresh weight (FW) and dry matter (DM) yield on a random subset of plots. Yield data on 1206 FW and 504 DM samples were compared with LiDAR scan results on a seasonal basis by regression. Winter, spring, summer and autumn correlation with FW were R2 = 0.81, 0.92, 0.94 and 0.90, respectively, and with DM yield R2 = 0.87, 0.73, 0.87 and 0.79, respectively. These results indicate LiDAR estimation of DM yield was accurate within seasons for the paired-row breeding plots, although it was sensitive to large changes in dry matter content (%) among seasons, which may require seasonal algorithms to correct for this variation if this technology is to be adopted. In conclusion, the scanner could be useful in removing a major bottleneck in perennial ryegrass breeding and may have application for agronomy and farm management in cases where precise non-destructive real-time estimation of DM yield are of value.
Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from New Zealand pasture-based livestock farm systems
Authors: Leahy Sinead C. , Kearney Laura , Reisinger Andy , Clark Harry
Published: November 2019

The reduction of the agricultural greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide is likely to play an important role in New Zealandâ€™s transition to a low-emissions economy. A limited range of options currently exists to reduce emissions from pasture-based livestock farming systems. However, several promising options are under development which have the potential to considerably reduce on-farm emissions, such as inhibitors and vaccines. On-farm forestry can be used to offset emissions through carbon sequestration in trees, but more scientifically robust and consistent evidence is needed if soil carbon sequestration is to be used to offset New Zealandâ€™s greenhouse gas emissions.
FEATURES OF ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN PERMAFROST SOIL ON THE GYDAN PENINSULA
Authors: Saeva Olga , Yurkevich Nataliya , Sinitskiy Anton , Kamnev Yaroslav , Shein Aleksandr , Yurkevich Nikolay
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the chemical and mineral composition of the soil core of the Gydan Peninsula near the Parisento Lake. The changes in the K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ti, Cu, Pb, Br, As concentrations over the core depth depending on its structure, mineralogical and granulometric composition are discussed.
GEOELECTRIC STRUCTURE OF THE UIMON BASIN ACCORDING TO GROUND GEOELECTRIC
Authors: Sanchaa Aidisa , Nevedrova Nina , Shaparenko Ilya , Shalaginov Aleksandr , Babushkin Sergey
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of studies of the geoelectric structure of the Uimon depression of the Gorny Altai using the complex of geoelectric methods, which includes electromography, vertical electrical sounding and transient electromagnetic sounding. According to the data of the complex, the near-surface and deep geoelectric characteristics of sedimentary filling were obtained.
SEISMIC STRUCTURE OF THE CRUST IN THE COLLISION ZONE BETWEEN SIBERIAN CRATON
AND VERHOYANO- KOLYMA FOLDED SYSTEM (3-DV PROFILE)
Authors: Suvorov Vladimir , Melnik Elena
Published: November 2019

The signs of the collisional structure are expressed in the upper crust by the advanced Priverhoyansk forland and local hinterland basins is separated by a high-speed array, most likely of magmatic origin. The boundary of the craton at an angle of about 15 ° is submerged under the crust of the folded system, where the characteristic layer of the craton lower crust at velocity of 6,7–6,9 km /s is absent and the velocity in a whole crust is reduced, as well as along the Moho from 8,3 to 7,9-8,0 km / s.