bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commentary on “Diversity and inclusion policies in publicly traded New Zealand companies: inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities”
Authors: Cockain Alex
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This commentary reflects upon the article entitled “Diversity and inclusion policies in publicly traded New Zealand companies: Inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities”.

Design/methodology/approach

This narrative commentary critically reflects upon the Global Reporting Initiative (hereafter, GRI) itself and what the numbers reported in Guruge’s (2023; this issue) article say, paying attention to what we might think and do about such standards and scenarios.

Findings

This commentary does not present a definitive assessment of the GRI. This is because it is marked by undecidability. Nevertheless, it reads some of the figures, or “data”, which register organisational uptake of GRI standards (or the lack thereof), together with other “data”, to contrive a more stable account.

Originality/value

This commentary strives to avoid presenting a reductive reading of “data” and, instead, highlights the complex multifaceted dimensions of societies, sustainability, social inclusion, disability and possibilities for inclusive practices.
How antidumping measures affect US imports from China: A mesoeconomic perspective of the excess price changes
Authors: Wang Shuying , Ng Yew‐Kwang
Published: June 2023

This paper studies the impact of US antidumping (AD) measures on US import volumes and prices from China, employing both theoretical analysis (mesoeconomics) and empirical analysis (difference in differences). Using US customs data, we find that US AD measures have substantial trade‐dampening effects at the product level, and the exogenous increases of costs caused by AD duties push up the import prices of influenced import goods more than the increases in costs. We also build a mesoeconomic model that gives a reasonable and analytical explanation for our empirical findings.
The electoral risks of austerity
Authors: CIOBANU COSTIN
Published: June 2023

Does austerity influence incumbent support? Existing studies struggle with conceptualizing the evolution of austerity's impact over time, estimating a causal effect, and analysing the reactions of different voters. This study theorizes that the effect of austerity on electoral preferences is not immediate, but gradual, as voters find out about the measures' consequences via the media. It leverages a survey in the field at the time of the austerity announcement in Romania in 2010, additional survey data collected immediately after this event and comprehensive daily media coverage to show that austerity measures do not have an immediate impact on incumbent support, anticipated turnout and expressing a vote preference. Instead, there is a gradual effect that is associated with increased media attention to budgetary cuts. This natural experiment allows the estimation of the immediate causal effect of austerity on electoral intentions. Difference‐in‐differences (DID) models show that the announcement triggered a massive loss of support for the incumbent among those who had voted for the party in power only a few months before. Austerity also led to the demobilization of the governing party's supporters. There is no evidence that those most directly affected by the spending cuts are more likely to punish the incumbent party.
A rationally designed fluorescence probe achieves highly specific and long‐term detection of senescence in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hu Li , Dong Chanjuan , Wang Zhe , He Shengyuan , Yang Yiwen , Zi Meiting , Li Huiqin , Zhang Yanghuan , Chen Chuanjie , Zheng Runzi , Jia Shuting , Liu Jing , Zhang Xuan , He Yonghan
Published: June 2023

Senescent cells (SnCs) are implicated in aging and various age‐related pathologies. Targeting SnCs can treat age‐related diseases and extend health span. However, precisely tracking and visualizing of SnCs is still challenging, especially in in vivo environments. Here, we developed a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (XZ1208) that targets β‐galactosidase (β‐Gal), a well‐accepted biomarker for cellular senescence. XZ1208 can be cleaved rapidly by β‐Gal and produces a strong fluorescence signal in SnCs. We demonstrated the high specificity and sensitivity of XZ1208 in labeling SnCs in naturally aged, total body irradiated (TBI), and progeroid mouse models. XZ1208 achieved a long‐term duration of over 6 days in labeling senescence without causing significant toxicities and accurately detected the senolytic effects of ABT263 on eliminating SnCs. Furthermore, XZ1208 was applied to monitor SnCs accumulated in fibrotic diseases and skin wound healing models. Overall, we developed a tissue‐infiltrating NIR probe and demonstrated its excellent performance in labeling SnCs in aging and senescence‐associated disease models, indicating great potential for application in aging studies and diagnosis of senescence‐associated diseases.
Development of microsatellite markers and genetic diversity of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: Neiva Mariana M. , de Godoy Sara M. , Feliciano Daniele C. , Marques Silva João F. , Binneck Eliseu , da Rosa Renata , Murúa María G. , Specht Alexandre , Sosa‐Gómez Daniel R.
Published: June 2023

The velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (VBC) is widely distributed in the Americas and causes severe damage to soybean foliage. This insect presents high ecological plasticity, a feature that is of great importance to understand its genetic diversity and potential gene flow to assist in resistance management strategies. With this objective, we developed microsatellite markers for VBC and applied them to five populations from Brazil. Nine primers were polymorphic, with high values of polymorphic information content (PIC > 0.5), and 134 alleles were identified in 155 individuals. These primers indicated deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for all populations (observed heterozygosity, Ho = 0.48, expected heterozygosity, He = 0.76), with moderate to high levels of genetic diversity and a moderate fixation index (FST = 0.14) among the populations. Analysis of population structure indicated the formation of two principal clusters. The northern one can be divided into the two populations that formed the cluster, with high genetic differentiation between them. The other cluster is formed by three populations, and we found evidence of low gene flow between them in the south–north direction, indicating that these populations may be migratory in certain conditions. These findings indicate that the designed primers were effective in describing the genetic diversity of VBC, with major implications for integrated pest management. Given the little gene flow and the high genetic diversity of populations, they present great potential to become resistant to control practices, which can lead to increased management costs.
Prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid and thromboembolism in non‐cardiac surgery: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Tsan S. E. H. , Viknaswaran N. L. , Cheong C. C. , Cheah S. , Ng K. T. , Mong S. X. Y. , Wang C. Y.
Published: June 2023

Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic drug that is widely used during surgery, but there are concerns about its thromboembolic effects. We aimed to investigate the effect of prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid on thromboembolic outcomes in patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Randomised controlled trials comparing intravenous tranexamic acid with placebo or no treatment in patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery were included. The primary outcome was a composite of peri‐operative cardiovascular thromboembolic events, defined as any deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial ischaemia/infarction or cerebral ischaemia/infarction. A total of 191 randomised controlled trials (40,621 patients) were included in the review. The primary outcome occurred in 4.5% of patients receiving intravenous tranexamic acid compared with 4.9% of patients in the control group. Our analysis showed that there was no difference between groups for composite cardiovascular thromboembolic events (risk ratio 1.02, 95%CI 0.94–1.11, p = 0.65, I2 0%, n = 37,512). This finding remained robust when sensitivity analysis was performed with continuity correction and in studies with a low risk of bias. However, in trial sequential analysis, our meta‐analysis only achieved 64.6% of the required information size. There was no association between intravenous tranexamic acid and seizure rate or mortality rate within 30 days. Intravenous tranexamic acid was associated with a reduced blood transfusion rate compared with control (9.9% vs. 19.4%, risk ratio 0.46, 95%CI 0.41–0.51, p < 0.0001). It was encouraging to see the evidence that the administration of intravenous tranexamic in patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery was not associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic outcomes. However, our trial sequential analysis demonstrated that currently available evidence is not yet sufficient to reach a firm conclusion.
On defense
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayan
Published: June 2023

Part of a book forum on Srila Roy's Changing the Subject, this essay hones in on Roy's theorization of labor in feminist governmentality—from the underpaid labors of non‐profit workers to the reproductive labors that vitalize feminist and queer rights movements to the care labors for target groups and the aesthetic labors of the workers in how they present themselves at work. These labors simultaneously contain and enable visions of social transformation. The labors that keep feminist and queer organizing alive are becoming more exhausting and challenging under a totalitarian regime. Hence, defensiveness is, more often than not, the default response to any critique of the politics of such labors. This essay asks if it is possible to engage with such defensiveness as an entry point to explore the everyday workings of queer and feminist mobilizations.
Comparing outcomes of laser hemorrhoidoplasty and LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy in grade II–III hemorrhoidal disease: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Tümer Haluk , Ağca Mevlüt Harun
Published: June 2023

Background

Hemorrhoidal disease is a common ailment that presents a challenge in terms of standard treatment methods. Although surgical hemorrhoidectomy is often considered the gold standard, new surgical techniques have emerged, such as laser hemorrhoidoplasty and LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy, to address postoperative pain, bleeding, and extended return‐to‐work times. This study aims to compare the outcomes of laser hemorrhoidoplasty and LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy in patients with grade II–III hemorrhoidal disease.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients who underwent laser hemorrhoidoplasty or LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy. Data were collected on postoperative pain, complications, recurrence rates, and return‐to‐work times. The primary outcome was the difference in postoperative pain between the two groups, as assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Results

Patients in the laser hemorrhoidoplasty group experienced significantly lower postoperative pain compared to those in the LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy group. Bleeding amounts during the operation were also significantly lower in the laser group. However, the recurrence rate was higher in the laser group compared to the LigaSure group (9.4% versus 2.5%). Return to work and normal activities time after laser hemorrhoidoplasty was shorter than after LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy.

Conclusion

Laser hemorrhoidoplasty is a minimally invasive technique that can be safely applied in suitable grade II–III patients, offering lower postoperative pain rates, fewer complications, and shorter return to work and normal activity times compared to LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy. However, recurrence rates are still higher for laser hemorrhoidoplasty. Future studies should explore the potential of combining laser hemorrhoidoplasty with other surgical treatments.
The prevalence of having coeliac disease in children with type 1 diabetes was not significantly higher during the Swedish coeliac epidemic
Authors: Bybrant Mara Cerqueiro , Palmkvist Elsa , Söderström Hanna , Lindgren Marie , Hildebrand Hans , Norström Fredrik , Carlsson Annelie
Published: June 2023

Aim

From 1986 to 1996, there was a four‐fold increase in coeliac disease among young Swedish children, known as the Swedish coeliac epidemic. Children with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing coeliac disease. We studied whether the prevalence of coeliac disease differed in children with type 1 diabetes born during and after this epidemic.

Methods

We compared national birth cohorts of 240 844 children born in 1992–1993 during the coeliac disease epidemic and 179 530 children born in 1997–1998 after the epidemic. Children diagnosed with both type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease were identified by merging information from five national registers.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of coeliac disease among children with type 1 diabetes between the two cohorts: 176/1642 (10.7%, 95% confidence interval 9.2%–12.2%) in the cohort born during the coeliac disease epidemic versus 161/1380 (11.7%, 95% confidence interval 10.0%–13.5%) in the post‐epidemic cohort.

Conclusion

The prevalence of having both coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes was not significantly higher in children born during, than after, the Swedish coeliac epidemic. This may support a stronger genetic disposition in children who develop both conditions.
How to assess pharmacogenomic tests for implementation in the NHS in England
Authors: Sanghvi Sonali , Ferner Robin E. , Scourfield Andrew , Urquhart Robert , Amin Sejal , Hingorani Aroon D. , Sofat Reecha
Published: June 2023

Aims

Pharmacogenomic testing has the potential to target medicines more effectively towards those who will benefit and avoid use in individuals at risk of harm. Health economies are actively considering how pharmacogenomic tests can be integrated into health care systems to improve use of medicines. However, one of the barriers to effective implementation is evaluation of the evidence including clinical usefulness, cost‐effectiveness, and operational requirements. We sought to develop a framework that could aid the implementation of pharmacogenomic testing. We take the view from the National Health Service (NHS) in England.

Methods

We used a literature review using EMBASE and Medline databases to identify prospective studies of pharmacogenomic testing, focusing on clinical outcomes and implementation of pharmacogenomics. Using this search, we identified key themes relating to the implementation of pharmacogenomic tests. We used a clinical advisory group with expertise in pharmacology, pharmacogenomics, formulary evaluation, and policy implementation to review data from our literature review and the interpretation of these data. With the clinical advisory group, we prioritized themes and developed a framework to evaluate proposals to implement pharmacogenomics tests.

Results

Themes that emerged from review of the literature and subsequent discussion were distilled into a 10‐point checklist that is proposed as a tool to aid evidence‐based implementation of pharmacogenomic testing into routine clinical care within the NHS.

Conclusion

Our 10‐point checklist outlines a standardized approach that could be used to evaluate proposals to implement pharmacogenomic tests. We propose a national approach, taking the view of the NHS in England. Using this approach could centralize commissioning of appropriate pharmacogenomic tests, reduce inequity and duplication using regional approaches, and provide a robust and evidence‐based framework for adoption. Such an approach could also be applied to other health systems.
Quantification of sertraline maternal/fetal ratio and amniotic fluid concentration using a pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model
Authors: Lartey David , Jateng Danielle , Li Miao , Nguyen Christine , Crentsil Victor , Beitz Julie , George Blessy
Published: June 2023

Aims

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are indicated for a variety of psychiatric conditions which may require treatment during pregnancy. Knowledge of appropriate SSRI dosages that maintain maternal therapeutic benefit and minimize fetal risk are needed. Assessment of fetal exposure to drugs is challenging since sampling is often limited to a single concentration from the umbilical cord at delivery. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling provides a non‐invasive approach to quantify exposure in pregnancy.

Methods

We incorporated sertraline clearances mediated by passive diffusion, placental efflux transporters P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) into our previously published pregnancy PBPK model for sertraline. Simulations were performed for various sertraline doses (25–200 mg) at 40 weeks gestational age to predict the minimum (Cmin), maximum (Cmax) and average (Cavg) sertraline maternal and fetal plasma concentrations and evaluated them against observed maternal and cord concentrations obtained at delivery from five clinical studies.

Results

The accuracy of the PBPK predictions as indicated by the average fold error (AFE) value forCmax,CminandCavgfor maternal plasma sertraline concentrations at delivery was 1.7, 1.2 and 1.4, respectively. The AFE for theCmax,CminandCavgfor cord blood sertraline concentration at delivery was 1.2, 1 and 1.1, respectively. The AFE for cord‐maternal sertraline concentration ratio at delivery forCmax,CminandCavgwas 0.7, 0.9 and 0.8, respectively.

Conclusions

The PBPK model we developed may serve as a guide for maternal sertraline dose adjustment during pregnancy considering changes in exposures for both mother and fetus.
Appetite stimulation with cannabis‐based medicine and methods for assessment of glomerular filtration in older patients with medical illness: A study protocol
Authors: Nielsen R. L. , Bornæs O. , Storgaard I. K. , Kallemose T. , Jørgensen L. M. , Jawad B. N. , Altintas I. , Juul‐Larsen H. G. , Tavenier J. , Durhuus J. A. , Bengaard A. K. P. , Holst J. J. , Kolko M. , Sonne D. P. , Breindahl T. , Damgaard M. , Porrini E. , Hornum M. , Andersen O. , Pedersen M. M. , Rasmussen H. H. , Munk T. , Lund T. M. , Jensen P. S. , Andersen A. L. , Houlind M. B.
Published: June 2023

Background and aim

Malnutrition in older patients is linked to poor appetite. Cannabis‐based medicine may have orexigenic properties in older patients, but this has to our knowledge never been investigated. In older patients, uncertainty applies to the accuracy of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on creatinine, which is crucial for medication prescribing. In older patients with poor appetite, the study aims (1) to assess the efficacy of Sativex® (8.1‐mg delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] and 7.5‐mg cannabidiol [CBD]) to stimulate appetite and (2) to compare the performance of various GFR‐estimates and measured‐GFR (mGFR) for determining gentamicin clearance utilizing population pharmacokinetic (popPK) modelling methods.

Methods and objectives

This study is composed of two substudies. Substudy 1 is an investigator‐initiated single‐center, double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled, superiority, cross‐over study. Substudy 1 will recruit 17 older patients with poor appetite, who will also be invited to substudy 2. Substudy 2 is a single‐dose pharmacokinetics study and will recruit 55 patients. Participants will receive Sativex® and placebo in substudy 1 and gentamicin with simultaneous measurements of GFR in substudy 2. The primary endpoints are as follows: Substudy 1—the difference in energy intake between Sativex® and placebo conditions; substudy 2— the accuracy of different eGFR equations compared to mGFR. The secondary endpoints include safety parameters, changes in the appetite hormones, total ghrelin and GLP‐1 and subjective appetite sensations, and the creation of popPK models of THC, CBD, and gentamicin.
The role of empathy in trolley problems and variants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nasello Julian A. , Triffaux Jean‐Marc
Published: June 2023

The role of empathy in morality is a subject of ongoing scientific debate due to the lack of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses on this topic. To address this gap, we conducted a PRISMA‐based systematic quantitative review to investigate the role of empathy in moral judgements, decision‐making, and inclinations using trolley problems and variants, which are popular types of moral dilemmas that explore utilitarianism and deontology. We searched for articles in four databases (PsycINFO, Pubmed, WorldWideScience, and Scopus) and performed citation searches. Out of 661 records, we selected 34 that studied the associations between empathy and moral judgements, moral decision‐making, and/or moral inclinations. Six meta‐analyses and systematic reviews of these records consistently showed small to moderate associations between affective empathy and these moral parameters, particularly in personal moral dilemmas involving intentional harm (although some approaches highlighted more complex associations between these parameters). Regarding other empathy domains, most studies found limited or insignificant links between cognitive empathy domains and moral judgements, decision‐making, and inclinations. We discuss the nuances and implications of these results.
COVID‐19 as a factor associated with early dental implant failures: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Sezer Taygun , Soylu Emrah
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To analyze the effect of COVID‐19 on early implant failures and identify potential risk factors for early implant failure, concerning patient‐ and implant‐related factors.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study is based on 1228 patients who received 4841 implants between March 11, 2020, and April 01, 2022, at Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry. COVID‐19, age and gender of patients, smoking, diabetes, irradiation, chemotherapy, osteoporosis, the implant system, location, and characteristics of implants were recorded. At the implant level, univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression was used to examine the effect of explanatory variables on early implant failure.

Results

The early implant failure rate was 3.1% at the implant level and 10.4% at the patient level. Smokers showed a significantly higher incidence of early implant failures compared to nonsmokers. (odds ratio (OR; 95% CI): 2.140 (1.438–3.184); p < 0.001). Short implants (≤8 mm) had a higher risk of early implant failure than long implants (≥12 mm) (OR (95% CI): 2.089 (1.290–3.382); p = 0.003).

Conclusions

COVID‐19 had no significant effect on early implant failure. Smoking and short implants were associated with a higher risk for early implant failures.
Endoscopic retrieval of a sheared guidewire remnant with microbiopsy forceps from a peripheral intrahepatic bile duct
Authors: Hirakawa Noriyuki , Mukai Shuntaro , Itoi Takao
Published: June 2023

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Impact of vitamin D supplementation on markers of bone turnover: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Sohouli Mohammad Hassan , Wang Sicong , Almuqayyid Faisal , Gabiatti Mariana Papini , Mozaffari Fateme , Mohamadian Zahra , Koushki Nazanin , Alras Kamar Allayl , AlHossan Abdullah M. , Albatati Saud K. , Alfardous Alazm Aya , Baradwan Saeed , Găman Mihnea‐Alexandru , Wang Sicheng , Abu‐Zaid Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Aim

The effects of vitamin D administration on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in adults are controversial. Thus, we carried out a meta‐analysis of available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the impact of vitamin D supplementation on BTMs.

Methods

To identify relevant RCTs, we searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase databases for manuscripts published up to July 2022. The present study was conducted in agreement with the PRISMA guidelines. Weighed mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to calculate the magnitude of the effect of the intervention.

Results

A total of 42 RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. The age of the participants enrolled in the RCTs ranged from 19.4 to 84 years. The pooled results depicted a decrease in deoxypyridinoline (DPD) concentrations (WMD: −1.58 nmol/mmol, 95% CI: −2.55, −.61, p = .001) following vitamin D supplementation. In addition, subgroup analyses demonstrated that vitamin D administration notably reduced procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide (PINP) levels in individuals aged >50 years and led to a pronounced decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values when the intervention lasted >12 weeks. No significant effect was observed on other BTMs, for example, collagen type 1 cross‐linked C‐telopeptide (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC) levels.

Conclusion

Vitamin D administration decreases DPD, PINP and ALP levels, indicating a reduced bone turnover following the intervention. Other BTMs, for example, CTX or OC values, were not affected by vitamin D prescription. Vitamin D supplementation may exert a positive effect on some important BTMs.
Bone marrow Ki‐67 index is of prognostic value in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Atrash Shebli , Robinson Myra , Taneja Alankrita , Paul Barry , Cassetta Kristen , Ndiaye Ami , Varga Cindy , Block Jared , Lipford Edward H. , Smith Elton T. , McCall Chad M. , Thurston Virginia , Foureau David , Usmani Saad Z. , Voorhees Peter M. , Bhutani Manisha
Published: June 2023

Background

Ki‐67 is an index of proliferative activity and is an established predictive and prognostic marker in multiple malignancies. However, its prognostic relevance in multiple myeloma (MM) is unclear. We investigated the relationship between Ki‐67 expression and survival outcomes in MM in the era of novel therapies.

Methods

We interrogated our database to identify patients with MM, newly diagnosed between July 1, 2013 and December 31, 2020, with Ki‐67 expression assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on bone marrow biopsies. Using an established threshold of 5% we defined Ki‐67low (≤5%) and Ki‐67high (>5%) subgroups for association with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Of 167 patients included: 53 (31.7%) had Ki‐67high and 114 had Ki‐67low. More patients with R‐ISS 3 had Ki‐67high (22.2% vs. 9.7%). The gain of 1q21 was overrepresented in the Ki‐67high group (28% vs. 8%). Median PFS in the Ki‐67low group was 3.1 years, and in the Ki‐67high group 1.6 years (log‐rank p < .001, HR: 1.9). Median OS was not reached in the Ki‐67low vs. 4.8 years in the Ki‐67high cohort (HR: 1.9; log‐rank test: p = .018). In the multivariable modeling, after adjusting for other risk factors, HR for Ki‐67high versus Ki‐67low was 2.4 (p < .001) for PFS and 2.1 (p = .026) for OS.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that a high Ki‐67 index (>5%) is an independent prognostic marker associated with worse OS and PFS in newly diagnosed MM. IHC staining for Ki‐67 on bone marrow biopsies could be easily adopted as a prognostic biomarker for MM in economically constrained healthcare settings.
Estimating trends and magnitudes of bycatch in the tuna fisheries of the Western and Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Peatman Tom , Allain Valerie , Bell Lui , Muller Berry , Panizza Aurélien , Phillip Naiten B. , Pilling Graham , Nicol Simon
Published: June 2023

Minimising the unintended capture of fish, marine mammals, reptiles, seabirds and other marine organisms is an important component of responsible fisheries management and for stabilising declines and rebuilding populations of threatened species. The analyses presented were designed to establish the first quantitative baseline of historical catches, catch rates and species composition for the dominant tuna fisheries operating in the western and central Pacific, the world's largest in terms of tuna catch. Using records from 612,148 fishing events collected by independent ‘at sea’ observers, estimates for finfish, billfish, elasmobranchs, marine mammals and sea turtles show that the composition and magnitude of catches varied considerably by fishery type and practice for the period 2003–2019. Simulations indicated that precision in longline estimates would be improved by monitoring a proportion of fishing sets from all fishing trips rather than full coverage from a proportion of all fishing trips. While attributing reasons for temporal trends in estimated bycatch was difficult due to the confounding impacts of changing abundances and fishing practices, the trends identified the nature of potential relationships for species that are not accurately quantified, or not covered, by fishing vessel logbooks. The trends in catch estimates, and the catch rate models, have utility in identifying species which may require targeted additional analyses and management interventions, including species of conservation interest (either due to their threatened status or vulnerability to fishing) such as elasmobranchs and sea turtles. Moreover, the estimates should support future evaluations of the impact of these industrial‐scale fisheries on bycatch species.
Remission of refractory Crohn's disease with anti‐IL‐12/23 therapy in a patient undergoing hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Spathakis Michail , Filidou Eirini , Kolios George , Papazoglou Dimitrios , Vradelis Stergios
Published: June 2023

Crohn's disease is a relapsing chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine with increasing prevalence around the world. Biologic therapies are currently widely used and have proved safe and effective in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease. However, contemporary bibliography contains little information about the use of these drugs in patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Here we present a case of a 47‐year‐old female patient with treatment‐refractory Crohn's disease on hemodialysis. In this patient, treatment with the anti‐IL‐12/23 receptor antibody ustekinumab was effective in inducing and maintaining remission while being safe in administering throughout hemodialysis.
Co‐development of a school‐based and primary care‐based multicomponent intervention to improve HPV vaccine coverage amongst French adolescents (the PrevHPV Study)
Authors: Bocquier Aurélie , Bruel Sébastien , Michel Morgane , Le Duc‐Banaszuk Anne‐Sophie , Bonnay Stéphanie , Branchereau Marion , Chevreul Karine , Chyderiotis Sandra , Gauchet Aurélie , Giraudeau Bruno , Hagiu Dragos‐Paul , Mueller Judith E. , Gagneux‐Brunon Amandine , Thilly Nathalie ,   PrevHPV Study Group
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Despite various efforts to improve human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage in France, it has always been lower than in most other high‐income countries. The health authorities launched in 2018 the national PrevHPV research programme to (1) co‐develop with stakeholders and (2) evaluate the impact of a multicomponent complex intervention aimed at improving HPV vaccine coverage amongst French adolescents.

Objective

To describe the development process of the PrevHPV intervention using the GUIDance for rEporting of intervention Development framework as a guide.

Methods

To develop the intervention, we used findings from (1) published evidence on effective strategies to improve vaccination uptake and on theoretical frameworks of health behaviour change; (2) primary data on target populations' knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, behaviours and practices as well as the facilitators and barriers to HPV vaccination collected as part of the PrevHPV Programme and (3) the advice of working groups involving stakeholders in a participatory approach. We paid attention to developing an intervention that would maximise reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance in real‐world contexts.

Results

We co‐developed three components: (1) adolescents' and parents' education and motivation using eHealth tools (web conferences, videos, and a serious video game) and participatory learning at school; (2) general practitioners' e‐learning training on HPV using motivational interviewing techniques and provision of a decision aid tool and (3) easier access to vaccination through vaccination days organised on participating middle schools' premises to propose free of charge initiation of the HPV vaccination.

Conclusion

We co‐developed a multicomponent intervention that addresses a range of barriers and enablers of HPV vaccination. The next step is to build on the results of its evaluation to refine it before scaling it up if proven efficient. If so, it will add to the small number of multicomponent interventions aimed at improving HPV vaccination worldwide.

Patient or Public Contribution

The public (adolescents, their parents, school staff and health professionals) participated in the needs assessment using a mixed methods approach. The public was also involved in the components' development process to generate ideas about potential activities/tools, critically revise the successive versions of the tools and provide advice about the intervention practicalities, feasibility and maintenance.
Enhancing magnetic levitation and guidance force and weight efficiency of high‐temperature superconducting maglev systems by using sliced bulk YBCO
Authors: Abdioglu Murat , Ozturk U. Kemal , Guner Sait Baris , Ozturk Mehmet , Mollahasanoglu Hakki , Yanmaz Ekrem
Published: June 2023

We aimed to enhance the magnetic force efficiency of Maglev systems without increasing total weight. For this aim, we divided YBCO bulks into three slices horizontally to utilize the YBCO‐permanent magnetic guideway (PMG) interaction surface as much as possible. We used whole YBCO above PMGs with different magnetic pole directions (PMG‐A and PMG‐B) in two lying positions of transversal and longitudinal and investigated levitation and guidance force performances. It is determined that levitation and guidance forces by using YBCO in transversal lying mode are bigger compared to the longitudinal mode. For sliced YBCO, the maximum levitation force increased by 69% and 78%, while the guidance force enhancements are determined as 212% and 91%, compared to the whole YBCO above PMG‐A and PMG‐B, respectively. The levitation and guidance force density with respect to the total mass of unit a set of slices YBCO increased by 92% and 106%, respectively, compared to the whole YBCO above PMG‐B in transversal mode. Since the higher levitation force and the lower total weight of the onboard unit are important parameters in point of the energy efficiency in Maglev and other levitation applications, the result of this study supplies useful data for the engineers and industrial partners.
Improved collapse properties of silica‐based ceramic cores via flexibly regulating cristobalite content
Authors: Qin Yi , Cheng Ya‐Ni , Li Jian‐Qiang , Zhang Hai‐Hong , Zhu Jian‐Feng , Zhao Ting
Published: June 2023

Although silica‐based ceramic cores have important applications in the precision casting of metallic devices, their high‐temperature stability and removal performances are seriously affected by the liquid phase sintered fused silica. Herein, we develop a manufacturing strategy of high‐collapse silica‐based ceramic core via using cristobalite crystals as the sintering inhibitor, waterglass as the binder, and injection moulding at 100°C and 80 MPa, followed by heat treatment simulating the casting process for sintering at 1200°C and 1500°C. The results demonstrated that the addition of cristobalite crystals could effectively form the core skeleton to ensure high‐temperature performance. Meanwhile, it inhibited the liquid flow during sintering and induced the crytsallization from fused SiO2 glass into cristobalite crystals, and the resulting plenty of micropores and microcracks within the microstructure effectively improve the removal performance. Especially, the porosity was highest up to 35.36% and the flexural strength was only 6.74 MPa when the addition of cristobalite reached 45%, realizing a 100% removing by high‐frequency and fast‐speed specific mechanical vibration. And, the casting is guaranteed to be flat and free of defects. This work provides a simple and flexible strategy to manufacture high‐collapse silica‐based ceramic cores, which can be removed by specific mechanical vibration without immersion in acid or alkali solutions after casting.
Adherence to limiting weight‐bearing activity in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A qualitative study
Authors: Hancox Jennie E. , Hilton Charlotte , Gray Katie , Game Fran , Vedhara Kavita
Published: June 2023

Patients with diabetic foot ulcers are advised to limit weight‐bearing activity for ulcers to heal. Patients often disregard this advice although the reasons are not yet fully understood. This study explored (1) patients' experiences of receiving the advice and (2) factors influencing adherence to the advice. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Advice regarding limiting weight‐bearing activity was described by patients as directive, generic and conflicting with other priorities. Rapport, empathy and rationale supported receptivity to the advice. Barriers and facilitators to limiting weight‐bearing activity included demands of daily living, enjoyment of exercise, sick/disabled identity and burden, depression, neuropathy/pain, health benefits, fear of negative consequences, positive feedback, practical support, weather and active/passive role in recovery. It is important that healthcare professionals pay attention to how limiting weight‐bearing activity advice is communicated. We propose a more person‐centred approach in which advice is tailored to individuals' specific needs with discussion around patient priorities and constraints.
Ethnography in‐sight: Amasonic politics1
Authors: Kummels Ingrid
Published: June 2023

The photo captured in 2018 during a one‐week stopover on a trip between two Central Rainforest regions of Peru is the point of departure for a reflection on the use of sound by Asháninka, Nomatsiguenga, and other rainforest peoples for “Amasonic” politics. A wide span of genres ranging from autochthonous songs produced by ensembles playing percussions and pan‐flutes to school bands performing military marches is key when rainforest peoples exert pressure in the provincial capital to obtain land titles and other rights. Asháninka and Nomatsiguenga leaders also create soundscapes pervaded by politics at local gatherings to consume manioc beer and ally with supporters to enhance their demands. Disputes take place within these shared soundscapes, as evidenced by a Mother's Day celebrations at which Indigenous and nonindigenous school teachers chose diverging music and dances for their grades to perform because of disagreement about what is essential for the Peruvian repertoire.
Hyaluronidase‐facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin 10% as maintenance therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: The ADVANCE‐CIDP 1 randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bril Vera , Hadden Robert D. M. , Brannagan Thomas H. , Bar Michal , Chroni Elisabeth , Rejdak Konrad , Rivero Alberto , Andersen Henning , Latov Norman , Levine Todd , Pasnoor Mamatha , Sacconi Sabrina , Souayah Nizar , Anderson‐Smits Colin , Duff Kim , Greco Erin , Hasan Shabbir , Li Zhaoyang , Yel Leman , Ay Hakan
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

ADVANCE‐CIDP 1 evaluated facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin (fSCIG; human immunoglobulin G 10% with recombinant human hyaluronidase) efficacy and safety in preventing chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) relapse.

Methods

ADVANCE‐CIDP 1 was a phase 3, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial conducted at 54 sites in 21 countries. Eligible adults had definite or probable CIDP and adjusted Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability scores of 0–7 (inclusive), and received stable intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for ≥12 weeks before screening. After stopping IVIG, patients were randomized 1:1 to fSCIG 10% or placebo for 6 months or until relapse/discontinuation. fSCIG 10% was administered at the same dose (or matching placebo volume) and interval as pre‐randomization IVIG. The primary outcome was patient proportion experiencing CIDP relapse (≥1‐point increase in adjusted INCAT score from pre‐subcutaneous treatment baseline) in the modified intention‐to‐treat population. Secondary outcomes included time to relapse and safety endpoints.

Results

Overall, 132 patients (mean age 54.4 years, 56.1% male) received fSCIG 10% (n = 62) or placebo (n = 70). CIDP relapse was reduced with fSCIG 10% versus placebo (n = 6 [9.7%; 95% confidence interval 4.5%, 19.6%] vs n = 22 [31.4%; 21.8%, 43.0%], respectively; absolute difference: −21.8% [−34.5%, −7.9%], p = .0045). Relapse probability was higher with placebo versus fSCIG 10% over time (p = .002). Adverse events (AEs) were more frequent with fSCIG 10% (79.0% of patients) than placebo (57.1%), but severe (1.6% vs 8.6%) and serious AEs (3.2% vs 7.1%) were less common.

Interpretation

fSCIG 10% more effectively prevented CIDP relapse than placebo, supporting its potential use as maintenance CIDP treatment.
LC–MS profiling‐based non‐targeted secondary metabolite screening for deciphering cosmeceutical potential of Malaysian algae
Authors: Lim Min Wen , Yow Yoon‐Yen , Gew Lai Ti
Published: June 2023

Background

Application of natural resources from the marine environment in the cosmeceutical industry is gaining great attention.

Aim

This study pursues to discover the cosmeceutical potential of two Malaysian algae, Sargassum sp. and Kappaphycus sp. by determining their antioxidant capacity and assessing the presence of their secondary metabolites with cosmeceutical potential using non‐targeted metabolite profiling.

Methods

Metabolite profiling using Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight (Q‐TOF) liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in the Electrospray Ionization (ESI) mode resulted in 110 putative metabolites in Sargassum sp. and 47 putative metabolites in Kappaphycus sp. and were grouped according to their functions. To the best of our knowledge, the bioactive compounds of both algae have not been studied in any great detail. This is the first report to explore their cosmeceutical potential.

Results

Six antioxidants were detected in Sargassum sp., including fucoxanthin, (3S, 4R, 3'R)‐4‐Hydroxyalloxanthin, enzacamene N‐stearoyl valine, 2‐hydroxy‐hexadecanoic acid, and metalloporphyrins. Meanwhile, three antioxidants detected in Kappahycus sp., namely Tanacetol A, 2‐fluoro palmitic acid and idebenone metabolites. Three antioxidants are found in both algae species, namely, 3‐tert‐Butyl‐5‐methylcatechol, (−)‐isoamijiol, and (6S)‐dehydrovomifoliol. Anti‐inflammatory metabolites such as 5(R)‐HETE, protoverine, phytosphingosine, 4,5‐Leukotriene‐A4, and 5Z‐octadecenoic acid were also found in both species. Sargassum sp. possesses higher antioxidant capacity as compared to Kappahycus sp. which may be linked to its number of antioxidant compounds found through LC–MS.

Conclusions

Hence, our results conclude that Malaysian Sargassum sp. and Kappaphycus sp. are potential natural cosmeceutical ingredients as we aim to produce algae cosmeceutical products using native algae.
Bullying Victimization and Associations With Substance Use Among US Middle School Students: 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Authors: Barbero Colleen , Vagi Kevin J. , Clayton Heather , Holland Kristin , Hertz Marci , Krause Kathleen H. , Brittingham Rochelle , Bunge Stephanie , Saka Susan M. , Marchessault Nadine , Hynes Nikardi , Green Dan , Spell Les , Monteiro Karine , Murray Kristen , Reilly‐Chammat Rosemary , Tignor Lisha , Mercado Melissa C.
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Research shows associations between bullying victimization and substance use for teens. However, more research about this relationship for younger adolescents and across race/ethnicity is needed.

METHODS

Prevalence and pooled logistic regression analyses of 2019 Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 13 states (N = 74,059 students) examined associations between self‐reported bulling victimization (at school, electronically, and both) and having ever tried cigarette smoking, alcohol, or marijuana; used an electronic vapor product; or misused prescription pain medicine. Regression analyses were adjusted by age and sex/race/ethnicity.

RESULTS

All 3 measures of bullying victimization were significantly associated (p < .05) with the 5 substance use behaviors examined (adjusted prevalence ratios ranged from 1.29 to 2.32). These associations held across sexes. Significant associations were found within all 7 race/ethnicity categories, with the most associations reported for the non‐Hispanic (NH) white, NH black or African American, Hispanic/Latino, and NH Asian groups.

CONCLUSION

The association between bullying and substance use by middle school is a highly relevant issue to consider as students return to classrooms.
A novel meningioma with tyrosine‐rich crystals in a 6‐year‐old Great Dane
Authors: Majors Kara , Rocha Savannah M. , Windsor Rebecca , Tjalkens Ronald B. , Engelien Julia , Aboellail Tawfik
Published: June 2023

A 6‐year‐old female spayed Great Dane was evaluated for acute onset cluster seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a mass in the olfactory bulbs with a large mucoid component caudal to the primary mass. The mass was removed via transfrontal craniotomy and histopathology revealed a tyrosine crystalline‐rich, fibrous meningioma with a high mitotic index. Repeat MRI at 6 months showed no detectable tumor regrowth. The dog is clinically normal with no seizures at the time of publication 10 months after surgery. This meningioma subtype is rare in humans. This unique meningioma occurred in a dog of younger age and uncommon breed for intracranial meningioma. Biological progression of this tumor subtype is unknown; however, growth rate might be slow despite the high mitotic index.
Intelligence quotient–genotype association in dystrophinopathies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pascual‐Morena Carlos , Cavero‐Redondo Iván , Sequí‐Domínguez Irene , Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez Eva , Visier‐Alfonso María Eugenia , Martínez‐Vizcaíno Vicente
Published: June 2023

Aims

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are associated with intelligence quotients (IQs) lower than the normative values, and it is suggested that IQ is negatively correlated with the number of affected isoforms (i.e., Dp427, Dp140 and Dp71). Therefore, the objective of this meta‐analysis was to estimate the IQ, and the IQ–genotype association according to the altered dystrophin isoforms, in the population with BMD or DMD.

Methods

A systematic search in Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to March 2023. Observational studies that determined the IQ and/or the IQ by genotype in the population with BMD or DMD were included. Meta‐analyses of IQ, IQ by genotype and IQ–genotype association by comparing IQ according to the genotype were conducted. The results are shown as the mean/mean differences and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Fifty‐one studies were included. The IQ in BMD was 89.92 (85.84, 94.01) and in DMD was 84.61 (82.97, 86.26). Moreover, the IQ for Dp427−/Dp140+/Dp71+ and Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71+ was 90.62 (86.72, 94.53) and 80.73 (67.49, 93.98) in BMD, while the IQ for Dp427−/Dp140+/Dp71+, Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71+ and Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71− was 93.05 (89.42, 96.67), 81.78 (77.23, 86.32) and 49.19 (40.47, 57.90) in DMD. Finally, in DMD, Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71+ vs Dp427−/Dp140+/Dp71+ and Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71− vs Dp427−/Dp140−/Dp71+ were associated with −10.73 (−14.66, −6.81) and −36.14 (−48.87, −23.41) points, respectively.

Conclusions

The IQ in BMD and DMD was lower than the normative values. Moreover, in DMD, there is a synergistic association between the number of affected isoforms and IQ.
Catching up with the trees: empirical advancements to improve herbaceous representation in models
Authors: Wilcox Kevin R.
Published: June 2023

This article is a Commentary on Curasi et al. (2023), 239: 562–575.