bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bromine atom production and chain propagation during springtime Arctic ozone depletion events in Barrow, Alaska
Authors: Thompson Chelsea R. , Shepson Paul B. , Liao Jin , Huey L. Greg , Cantrell Chris , Flocke Frank , Orlando John
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Ozone depletion events (ODEs) in the Arctic are primarily controlled by a bromine radical-catalyzed destruction mechanism that depends on the efficient production and recycling of Br atoms. Numerous laboratory and modeling studies have suggested the importance of heterogeneous recycling of Br through HOBr reaction with bromide on saline surfaces. On the other hand, the gas-phase regeneration of bromine atoms through BrO–BrO radical reactions has been assumed to be an efficient, if not dominant, pathway for Br reformation and thus ozone destruction. Indeed, it has been estimated that the rate of ozone depletion is approximately equal to twice the rate of the BrO self-reaction. Here, we use a zero-dimensional, photochemical model, largely constrained to observations of stable atmospheric species from the 2009 Ocean–Atmosphere–Sea Ice–Snowpack (OASIS) campaign in Barrow, Alaska, to investigate gas-phase bromine radical propagation and recycling mechanisms of bromine atoms for a 7-day period during late March. This work is a continuation of that presented in Thompson et al. (2015) and utilizes the same model construct. Here, we use the gas-phase radical chain length as a metric for objectively quantifying the efficiency of gas-phase recycling of bromine atoms. The gas-phase bromine chain length is determined to be quite small, at  <  1.5, and highly dependent on ambient O3 concentrations. Furthermore, we find that Br atom production from photolysis of Br2 and BrCl, which is predominately emitted from snow and/or aerosol surfaces, can account for between 30 and 90 % of total Br atom production. This analysis suggests that condensed-phase production of bromine is at least as important as, and at times greater than, gas-phase recycling for the occurrence of Arctic ODEs. Therefore, the rate of the BrO self-reaction is not a sufficient estimate for the rate of O3 depletion.
The Interactions Between Precipitation, Vegetation and Dust Emission Over Semi-Arid Mongolia
Authors: Sofue Yuki , Hoshino Buho , Demura Yuta , Nduati Eunice , Kondoh Akihiko
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Recently, droughts have become widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, including in Mongolia. The ground surface condition, particularly vegetation coverage affects the occurrence of dust storms. The main sources of dust storms in the Asian region are Taklimakan and Gobi deserts. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the trend of vegetation variation and the effects of precipitation in the Gobi region. In the Gobi region, precipitation is confined to the period from May to September. We compared the patterns of interactions between precipitation and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a period of 29 years. The precipitation and vegetation datasets were examined to investigate the trends between 1985–2013. Cross correlation analysis between the precipitation and the NDVI anomalies was performed. Data analysis showed a decreasing trend in precipitation amount and its spatial shift from the east to west part of the region investigated. The vegetation in the area with the lowest precipitation was more sensitive to the precipitation dynamics than those parts with relatively higher values. The most degraded area was the southwest region of Gobi with the least precipitation.
In-operation field-of-view retrieval (IFR) for satellite and ground-based DOAS-type instruments applying coincident high-resolution imager data
Authors: Sihler Holger , Lübcke Peter , Lang Rüdiger , Beirle Steffen , de Graaf Martin , Hörmann Christoph , Lampel Johannes , Penning de Vries Marloes , Remmers Julia , Trollope Ed , Wang Yang , Wagner Thomas
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Knowledge of the field of view (FOV) of a remote sensing instrument is particularly important when interpreting their data and merging them with other spatially referenced data. Especially for instruments in space, information on the actual FOV, which may change during operation, may be difficult to obtain. Also, the FOV of ground-based devices may change during transportation to the field site, where appropriate equipment for the FOV determination may be unavailable. This paper presents an independent, simple and robust method to retrieve the FOV of an instrument during operation, i.e. the two-dimensional sensitivity distribution, sampled on a discrete grid. The method relies on correlated measurements featuring a significantly higher spatial resolution, e.g. by an imaging instrument accompanying a spectrometer. The method was applied to two satellite instruments, GOME-2 and OMI, and a ground-based differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument integrated in an SO2 camera. For GOME-2, quadrangular FOVs could be retrieved, which almost perfectly match the provided FOV edges after applying a correction for spatial aliasing inherent to GOME-type instruments. More complex sensitivity distributions were found at certain scanner angles, which are probably caused by degradation of the moving parts within the instrument. For OMI, which does not feature any moving parts, retrieved sensitivity distributions were much smoother compared to GOME-2. A 2-D super-Gaussian with six parameters was found to be an appropriate model to describe the retrieved OMI FOV. The comparison with operationally provided FOV dimensions revealed small differences, which could be mostly explained by the limitations of our IFR implementation. For the ground-based DOAS instrument, the FOV retrieved using SO2-camera data was slightly smaller than the flat-disc distribution, which is assumed by the state-of-the-art correlation technique. Differences between both methods may be attributed to spatial inhomogeneities. In general, our results confirm the already deduced FOV distributions of OMI, GOME-2, and the ground-based DOAS. It is certainly applicable for degradation monitoring and verification exercises. For satellite instruments, the gained information is expected to increase the accuracy of combined products, where measurements of different instruments are integrated, e.g. mapping of high-resolution cloud information, incorporation of surface climatologies. For the SO2-camera community, the method presents a new and efficient tool to monitor the DOAS FOV in the field.
Accounting for El Niño-Southern Oscillation influence becomes urgent for
predicting future East African ecosystem responses
Authors: Fer Istem , Tietjen Britta , Jeltsch Florian , Wolff Christian
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is the main driver for the interannual variability in East African rainfall with significant impact on vegetation and agriculture, and dire consequences for food and social security. In this study, we identify and quantify the ENSO contribution to the East African rainfall variability to forecast future East African vegetation response to rainfall variability related to a predicted intensified ENSO. To differentiate the vegetation variability due to ENSO, we removed the ENSO signal from the climate data using Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections (EOT) analysis. Then, we simulated the vegetation under the historical climate without components related to ENSO teleconnections. We found ENSO driven patterns in vegetation response and confirmed that EOT analysis can successfully produce coupled tropical Pacific Sea Surface temperature-East African rainfall teleconnection from observed datasets. We further simulated East African vegetation response under future climate change as it is projected by climate models and under future climate change combined with a predicted increased ENSO intensity. Our EOT analysis highlight that climate simulations are still not good at capturing rainfall variability due to ENSO, and as we show here the future vegetation would be different from what is simulated under these climate model outputs lacking accurate ENSO contribution. We simulated considerable differences in East African vegetation growth under the influence of an intensified ENSO regime which will bring further environmental stress to a region with a reduced capacity to adapt effects of global climate change and food security.
An Operational Thermodynamic-Dynamic Model for the Coastal Labrador Sea Ice Melt Season
Authors: Turnbull Ian D. , Taylor Rocky S.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. An offshore operations thermodynamic-dynamic prediction model of sea ice break-up and drift is presented for central coastal Labrador in Atlantic Canada, and demonstrated for portions of the 2015 spring break-up of the land-fast ice. The model validation is performed using the data from ice tracking buoys deployed on the land-fast ice, which began drifting after break-up of the land-fast ice. The model uses a one-dimensional thermodynamic parameterization for ice melt and growth, includes snow accumulation and melt, and melt-pond and lead growth and contraction. The dynamic model uses a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) parameterization for ice motion and changes in ice thickness and concentration. The dynamic forcing parameters include wind and ocean current drag, Coriolis deflection, internal ice stresses, and gravitational forcing due to sea surface gradients. A coastal repulsion force is employed to prevent ice particles from crossing the coastal boundaries. The model is sensitive to the prescribed initial snow depth on the sea ice. In the present work, analysis of results is focused on the offshore regions of Makkovik and Nain, Labrador. The melt of the coastal land-fast ice in these regions can be adequately simulated by the thermodynamic model alone. The model predicts the timing of the local land-fast ice break-up to within 4.6 hours to six days, and can simulate observed ice buoy drift speeds to within 1.5 meters per second.
CFSv2-based sub-seasonal precipitation and temperature forecast skill over the contiguous United States
Authors: Tian Di , Wood Eric F. , Yuan Xing
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This paper explored the potential of a global climate model for sub-seasonal forecasting of precipitation and 2 m air temperature. The categorical forecast skill of 10 precipitation and temperature indices was investigated using the 28-year sub-seasonal hindcasts from the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) over the contiguous United States (CONUS). The forecast skill for mean precipitation and temperature as well as for the frequency and duration of extremes was highly dependent on the forecasting indices, regions, seasons, and leads. Forecasts for 7- and 14-day temperature indices showed skill even at weeks 3 and 4, and generally were more skillful than precipitation indices. Overall, temperature indices showed higher skill than precipitation indices over the entire CONUS region at sub-seasonal scale. While the forecast skill related to mean precipitations was low in summer over the CONUS, the number of rainy days, number of consecutive rainy days, and number of consecutive dry days showed considerably high skill for the western coastal region. The presence of active Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) events improved CFSv2 weekly mean precipitation forecast skill over most parts of the CONUS, but it did not necessarily improve the weekly mean temperature forecasts. The 30-day forecasts of precipitation and temperature indices calculated from the downscaled monthly CFSv2 forecasts were less skillful than those calculated directly from CFSv2 daily forecasts, suggesting the usefulness of CFSv2 for sub-seasonal hydrological forecasting.
Hydrologic Flowpath Development Varies by Aspect during Spring Snowmelt in Complex Subalpine Terrain
Authors: Webb Ryan W. , Fassnacht Steven R. , Gooseff Michael N.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. In many mountainous regions around the world, snow and soil moisture are key components of the hydrologic cycle. Preferential flowpaths of snowmelt water through snow have been known to occur for years with few studies observing the effect on soil moisture. In this study, statistical analysis of the topographical and hydrological controls on the spatio-temporal variability of snow water equivalent and soil moisture during snowmelt was undertaken at a subalpine forested setting with north, south, and flat aspects as a seasonally persistent snowpack melts. We investigated if preferential flowpaths in snow can be observed and the effect on soil moisture through measurements of snow water equivalent and near surface soil moisture in addition to observing how SWE and near surface soil moisture vary on hillslopes relative to the toes of hillslopes and flat areas. We then compared snowmelt infiltration beyond the near surface soil between flat and sloping terrain during the entire snowmelt season using soil moisture sensor profiles. This study was conducted during varying snowmelt seasons representing above normal, relatively normal, and below normal snow seasons in northern Colorado. Evidence is presented of preferential meltwater flowpaths at the snow-soil interface on the north facing slope with the effects observed in changes in SWE and infiltration into the soil at 20 cm depth; less association is observed in the near surface soil moisture (top 7 cm). We present a conceptualization of the meltwater flowpaths that develop based on slope aspect and soil properties. The resulting flowpaths are shown to increase the snow water equivalent by as much as 170 % at the base of a north facing hillslope. Results from this study show that snow acts as an extension of the vadose zone during spring snowmelt and future hydrologic investigations will benefit from studying the snow and soil together.
40–55 METŲ VYRŲ IR 50–65 METŲ MOTERŲ ŽINIŲ APIE ŠIRDIES IR
KRAUJAGYSLIŲ LIGŲ PREVENCIJOS PROGRAMĄ ĮVERTINIMAS
Authors: Rusakevič Lilija , Šturienė Renata , Kairys Jonas , Lamanauskaitė Miglė
Published: March 2017

Tikslas – įvertinti 40–55 metų vyrų ir 50–65 metų
moterų žinias apie širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų prevencijos
programą (toliau – ŠKL PP). Pagal specialiai
šiam tyrimui parengtą 29 klausimų anketą, tiriamųjų
apklausa atlikta nuo 2016 m. sausio 29 dienos
iki 2016 m. kovo 31 dienos Viešojoje įstaigoje
Šeškinės poliklinikoje (toliau – Poliklinika). Iš viso
tyrime dalyvavo 145 vyrai ir 145 moterys. Respondentai
parinkti pagal amžių, 40–55 metų vyrai ir
50–65 metų moterys, priklausantys didelei širdies ir
kraujagyslių ligų rizikos grupei. 82,1 proc. (n=238)
tiriamųjų buvo girdėję apie Lietuvoje vykdomą
ŠKL PP. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad moterys, lyginant
su vyrais, su 2,39 karto didesniu šansu buvo
girdėjusios apie ŠKL PP (OR=2,39; 95%PI=1,27-
4,51; p<0,001). 43,8 proc. (n=127) respondentų nurodė,
kad turi pakankamai žinių apie šią programą.
67,2 proc. (n=195) respondentų nurodė, kad priimtiniausias
būdas apie ŠKL PP informacijai suteikti yra
tiesioginis kontaktas. 59,0 proc. (n=171) tiriamųjų
nurodė, kad apie ŠKL PP sužinojo iš šeimos gydytojo,
o 44,8 proc. (n=130) tiriamųjų iš slaugytojų. 88,3
proc. (n=256) respondentų domėjosi sveika gyvensena,
iš jų daugiau moterų (58,2 proc., n=32) negu
vyrų (41,8 proc., n=23). 34,1 proc. (n=99) respondentų
turėjo žalingų įpročių.
LAPAROSCOPIC VERSUS OPEN REPAIR OF INGUINAL HERNIA
Authors: Dambrauskas Žilvinas , Pankratjevaitė Lina , Bogusevičius Vaidotas , Mickevičius Antanas
Published: March 2017

Background and objective. Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common general surgery procedures. Laparoscopic repair is technically more demanding, though it has been shown to be superior in terms of pain and discomfort, however, there is no apparent difference in recurrence between laparoscopic and open mesh methods of hernia repair. Over the years we see a relatively slow increase of laparoscopic procedures and even scepticism of the patients; thus we decided to test the hypothesis that more demanding and costly laparoscopic surgery has little benefits over the open procedure. The aim of our study was to compare postoperative pain, short- and long-term outcomes after laparoscopic hernia repair and conventional open hernia repair. Results. Laparoscopic procedure was significantly more often performed for the patients, who were younger, had shorter history of disease. The mean operative time for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair was significantly longer than for open repair (p=0.02). The pain score for laparoscopic surgery was significantly lower according to VAS on day 1, 2, 3 (overall p≤ 0.002). The patients in the laparoscopic group required significantly lower doses of narcotic analgesics on the third postoperative day; the doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were also significantly lower on the second and third postoperative day in this group. The postoperative hospital stay was shorter after laparoscopic repair (p=0.01). Sixty-four patients (71.11%) completed follow-up at one year after the operation. Nine (14.06%) of them had postoperative complications and eight of them were after open hernia repair. Two patients (3.1%) were re-operated (both patients were treated by Lichtenstein hernioplasty): one for inguinal hernia recurrence, another for testicular necrosis. Conclusions. The patients from laparoscopic group had significantly shorter postoperative pain duration (p=0.019), returned to daily activity slightly earlier and had better satisfaction with the operation comparing with the patients who undergone open surgery (p=0.915, p=0.893), but the duration of the sick leave (time off from work) was similar in both hernia repair group (p=0.260). Data shows that laparoscopic hernia repair has advantages in terms of post-operative pain intensity and duration, as well as risk of complications and patient satisfaction.
ŪMINIO IR LĖTINIO SKAUSMO PASIREIŠKIMAS INTERVENCIJOS VIETOJE PO PERKUTANINĖS KORONARINĖS INTERVENCIJOS
Authors: Brogienė Liuda , Klimaitė Agnė , Lukošiūnas Arnas , Paliokas Martynas , Macas Andrius
Published: March 2017

Ūminis bei lėtinis skausmas punkcijos vietoje po perkutaninės koronarinės intervencijos (PKI) yra nepakankamai įvertinta būklė, kuriai skiriama per mažai dėmesio. Šis tyrimas atskleidžia skausmo pasireiškimo dažnį punkcijos vietoje po PKI bei jo atsiradimą sąlygojančius rizikos veiksnius. Tyrimo tikslas. Ūminio ir lėtinio skausmo punkcijos vietoje po PKI pasireiškimo dažnio nustatymas bei jį sąlygojančių pacientų rizikos veiksnių identifikavimas. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Duomenys tyrimui rinkti Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Kauno klinikų (LSMUL KK) Kardiologijos klinikoje 2015 metų kovo-liepos mėnesiais. Atsitiktiniu būdu atrinkti pacientai, kurie buvo stacionarizuoti planine tvarka PKI atlikti. Pacientai buvo apklausti po procedūros praėjus 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 valandoms pagal autorių sudarytą anketą. Buvo vertinamas skausmo atsiradimo ir išnykimo laikas, intensyvumas, pobūdis, taip pat ieškota galimų skausmo atsiradimą predisponuojančių rizikos veiksnių. Skausmo intensyvumui vertinti naudota žodinė aprašomoji skalė. Pacientams išvykus iš ligoninės su jais buvo kontaktuojama telefonu praėjus 1 savaitei, 1 bei 3 mėnesiams po procedūros. Bioetikos leidimas informacijai apie pacientus rinkti gautas (Nr. BEC-MF-328). Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant programą SPSS 23.0 (p<0,05). Rezultatai ir išvados. Tyrimo laikotarpiu LSMUL KK iš viso buvo apklaustas 191 pacientas, iš kurių 122 vyrai (63,87%) ir 69 moterys (36,13%). Ūminis poprocedūrinis skausmas (iki 48 val.) po PKI pasireiškė daugiau nei pusei pacientų (53,4%). Daugumoje atvejų jis buvo vidutinio stiprumo bei “bukas” (32,23%), “dilgčiojantis” (28,10%) ir “veržiantis” (31,82%). Veiksniai, turintys įtakos ūminiam poprocedūriniam skausmui atsirasti: arterinė hipertenzija, moteriškoji lytis, baimės jausmas prieš PKI, hematoma, arterinis kraujavimas iš intervencijos vietos, skausmo jutimas procedūros metu. Namuose toliau buvo sekti 117 pacientų, iš kurių 18,80% skundėsi ūminiu užsitęsusiu skausmu (po 48val. - iki 3 mėn.). Veiksniai, turintys įtakos ūminiam užsitęsusiam skausmui atsirasti: rūkymas, punkcijos vietos pakeitimas procedūros metu, hematoma, skausmo jutimas procedūros metu. 4,27% pacientų pasireiškė lėtinis skausmas (po 3 mėn.) po PKI. Daugumoje atvejų jis buvo stiprus (80%) bei “buko” (60%) ar “dilgčiojančio” (40%) pobūdžio. Veiksniai, turintys įtakos lėtiniam skausmui atsirasti: hematoma punkcijos vietoje, punkcijos vietos pakeitimas procedūros metu, sumažėjęs diastolinis kraujo spaudimas, intervencijos trukmė >30 min.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC SIGNS IN GOUT
Authors: Norkuvienė Eleonora , Petraitis Mykolas , Apanavičienė Indrė , Virvičiūtė Dalia , Baranauskaitė Asta
Published: March 2017

For the first time, the new ACR/EULAR gout classification criteria incorporate ultrasound (US) evidence of double contour sign (DC), an articular cartilage abnormality related to the deposition of crystals on the surface of the hyaline cartilage, as a sign specific to gout. US recently has been used as an objective diagnostic tool for detecting urate deposition (tophus (T), DC) or joint damage (erosion) in gout. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the relationship between clinical gout activity and load of US changes, also to examine the concordance between patient reported joint attack (PRGA) and ultrasonographic intraarticular changes. Methods: Sixty monosodium-urate-crystal-confirmed gout patients and 36 healthy controls were prospectively included in one centre. The relationship between clinical symptoms and ultrasonographic gout-related changes investigating 36 joints and 4 tendons (m. triceps and patellar) was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation and agreement analysis (kappa coefficient). Results: moderate, positive correlation was observed between the number of subcutaneous tophi and total US tophus area (rs=0,628), total number of DC (rs=0,612), and erosions (rs=0,526), all p<0, 0001, found per patient on US. Gout attacks and disease duration significantly positively correlated with the load of all investigated US changes (p<0, 01). Investigating 1980 joints in 55 gout patients irrespective of treatment and disease duration, symptoms were reported in 307 (15,5%) joints while ultrasound detected signs of urate deposition and erosions in 416 (20,9%) and 143 (7,2%) joints, respectively. The overall concordance rate with PRGA in the joint was fair for tophus (κ= 0,333), especially in the wrist and ankle, also fair for DC (κ= 0,275) and erosion (κ= 0,217). There was large number of clinically false negative joints with T and/or DC found on US, but also negative intraarticular US in patient-reported arthritis. Better concordance, considered as moderate between PRGA and any sign of urate deposition (US T or DC) was found, investigating 1008 joints in untreated (28) gout subgroup (κ= 0,498) compared to treated (κ= 0,231). The specificity of US T, DC, and erosion was 81% (p<0, 0001), 86% (p<0, 0001), and 70% (p<0, 01), respectively. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic changes positively correlate with disease activity and duration in gout with fair to moderate concordance between patientreported gout attack and intraarticular US findings. Not only symptomatic joints should be used for US gout classification in clinical practice.
The Level of Financial Literacy: A Lesson from the Village Community in Toba Lake, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Dwilita Handriyani , Sari Pipit Buana , Elyana Devita
Published: March 2017

The research purpose is to investigate the level of financial literacy of village community "Dosroha". The method used in this research is a descriptive method. Data Process using application software SPSS version 17. The result shows that the level of knowledge of financial literacy Dosroha village communities, including in the category is sixty until eighty percent. Based on the financial behavior who desired not appropriate and does not increase consistently. The characteristics of respondents with relatively high financial literacy is the society of female, while the community that have a low financial literacy level is the male.
Time-Driven Activities Based Cost: Evidence of Industrial Firms of Iraq
Authors: Al-Qaisi Khaldoun Maddallh
Published: March 2017

The main aim of this paper is to justify the concept of Time-Driven Activity Based Cost (TD-ABC) system. It tries to analyze the principles and dimensions of this system. Through this paper an illustration of the beneficial effect of the modern accounting system and the way in which it can replace the currently used system has been analyzed. The system has been proposed to be implemented in the Industrial Companies of Iraq. Hence, the top-notch managers of few industrial companies have been taken as a sample of this research. The research was conducted by forming a questionnaire and verifying the result of the questionnaire with respect to the research question. The research also proposes 5 hypotheses that have been tested in order to come up with a proper conclusion of our objective.
Lecturers’ Perception of Intellectual Property Rights in Universities in Rivers State
Authors: Philips C. Amini , Chinda Cecilia Ibiene
Published: March 2017

This study investigated lecturers’ perception of intellectual property rights in universities in Rivers State. The research design for the work was descriptive survey. The population of the study was 2,551 lecturers in the three universities in the state. The sample used for this study was 346 university lecturers which represents 13.6% of the population arrived at using the Taro Yamen formula. Data was collected by formulating and administering structured questionnaire titled ‘Lecturers perception of Intellectual Property Right Questionnaire’ (LPIPRQ). The instrument was dully validated and reliability yielded 0.85 using test-retest method and calculated with Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) formula. Mean scores, standard deviation and rank order statistics were applied to derive answers to the research questions and z-test was applied to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed a number of findings; that University lecturers have a high perception of intellectual property, including the rights of intellectual property. The results necessitated the recommendation that, intellectual property unit should be established and strengthened in universities to screen all intellectual write-ups before publication. Government should provide special fund to universities for the procurement of ICT facilities for the enhancement of the rights of lecturers to intellectual property.
On the Suffering of Animals in Nature: Legal Barriers and the Moral Duty to Intervene
Authors: Johnson Lisa
Published: March 2017

Human beings have a moral duty to intervene to prevent or to mitigate the suffering of free-living animals. This article focuses on that duty, particularly as it exists when an animal asks for help and when animals who need help are within the zone of a person’s ability and willingness to help. As such, people should be free to help if they choose to do so, unencumbered by legal restrictions that outlaw such conduct. However, federal and state laws in the United States remain an obstacle, because they designate some activities that are necessary to help free-living animals as unlawful. Laws should not interfere with human beings’ benign interactions with nature and, in particular, people should be legally permitted to help free-living animals. People should actually assist the individual animals who want or need help, rather than trading individual assistance in favor of ecosystem “management,” policy concerns that favor expediency and budget limitations, or any other tangential issues.
Between the Boundaries: The Athletic Citizenship Quest of Carlota Gooden
Authors: Ariail Cat
Published: March 2017

What is the relationship between sport and citizenship? By tracing the experiences of Carlota Gooden, a West Indian Panamanian sprinter, this article explores the possibilities and limitations of athletic citizenship, a form of symbolic social citizenship that confers material advantages. Born and raised in the U.S.-controlled Canal Zone, Gooden competed for Panama at multiple regional and international sporting events in the 1950s. Even though she successfully represented Panama, her achievements did not grant her uncontested national belonging. Gooden instead had to navigate constantly boundaries of race, gender, and nation to secure opportunities in sport. Her strategies resemble those employed by West Indian Panamanians and other populations of the African Diaspora who sought citizenship in the 1950s Americas. Yet the athletic opportunities Gooden found provided her with rights and recognitions otherwise unavailable. Sport, thus, allowed Gooden actively to claim a greater degree of citizenship.
The British Athlete “is born not made”: Transatlantic Tensions over Sports Coaching
Authors: Day Dave
Published: March 2017

During the latter stages of the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, the trajectory of organized sports followed significantly different paths in North America and Great Britain. Nowhere was this more evident than in the field of professional coaching where the American model of full-time coaches in universities and athletics clubs contrasted with the ever-increasing preference for amateur coaches in many British sports. While the American model was adopted enthusiastically in many European countries, there was considerable resistance to this approach in Britain. This paper utilizes contemporary media commentary to contrast the characteristics of coaching practice and philosophy that typified American and British approaches during the Victorian period and explores some of the arguments offered in Britain against the adoption of specialized American coaching methods.
Allen Guttmann’s Alter Ego: Sébastien Darbon and the Definition of “Sport”
Authors: Holt Richard
Published: March 2017

Allen Guttmann’s seven-point characterization of modern sport in From Ritual to Record (1978) has arguably been the most useful working definition of sport. It was based on a Weberian “modernization” model of secular, rational, and bureaucratic regulation, which Guttmann defended in the afterword to the 2004 reissued edition of his book. In Les fondaments du système sportif (2014), the French anthropologist Sébastien Darbon reworked Guttmann’s definition to incorporate its stress on rules and organization but giving greater emphasis to the creation of specific sporting spaces and to the role of precise timing, as well as insisting on their interdependence and mutual reinforcement. An activity can only be genuine “sport” when it is part of such a “network.” In a series of historical studies of the origins of British sports, Darbon shows how this new “sports system” involves a complete break with the past in response to new historical conditions.
Ancient Sport and Allen Guttmann
Authors: Decker Wolfgang
Published: March 2017

Five of Allen Guttmann’s eleven sport history monographs examine sport in antiquity or at least touch upon the subject. They include From Ritual to Record (1978), Sports Spectators (1986), Women’s Sport (1991), The Erotic in Sports (1996), and Sports: The First Five Millennia (2004). Ancient history is a multifaceted subject with many subfields. This essay appraises Guttmann’s work on ancient sport history and concludes that it is admirable how intensively Guttmann (an American studies scholar) has written about various ancient cultures after having nearly mastered the scholarship on the subject, which is written in several different languages.
Is This the Road All Runners Run?
Authors: Vertinsky Patricia
Published: March 2017

In this tribute to Allen Guttmann’s long and venerable career as a sport historian and literary critic, I borrow from his insightful and poignant analysis of long-distance runners in an analysis of poems and novels to examine the scholarly roads he has run and those races in which he has both joined and parted from his colleagues. I examine his determination to follow a modernization framework in his historical work and comment on his distaste for feminist and postmodernist theorizing. I conclude with a deep admiration for his finely crafted and interesting writing and his steadfast determination to keep running on roads of his choice.
Allen Guttmann, Cross-Disciplinary Champion of an Interdisciplinary Field
Authors: Kelly William W.
Published: March 2017

With erudite scholarship, lively writing, and daring leaps across topics, eras, and disciplines, Allen Guttmann has earned a champion’s laurels in global sports studies. This essay is an appreciation of but one of his many accomplishments, his weaving together the multiple strands of Japanese sporting practices into a historical tapestry of indigenization and sportification. His coauthored book with Lee Thompson, Japanese Sports (2001), is an original contribution to our understanding of modern Japan and an influential argument about sports globalization.
New Light on Old Treasures
Authors: Stone Daniel
Published: March 2017

This article examines two aspects of the prolonged sojourn in Canada of Polish artistic and historical treasures from their arrival in 1940 until their repatriation in 1960–1961. Part One, “A Tale of Two Curators,” examines contrasting evaluations of the character and contributions of the two Wawel curators, Stanisław Świerz Zaleski and Józef Krzywda Polkowski, who took sharply different paths after the war. Part Two, “Quebec, the Church, and the Polish Treasures,” shows that the Quebec Catholic Church played a leading role in keeping the treasures in Canada until 1960–1961.
Polish-Jewish Relations: As Reflected in the Pages of the Republika-Górnik, 1926–1930
Authors: Kubow Magdalena
Published: March 2017

The press has always served as a historical document of tremendous value, reflecting the concerns, opinions, and interpretations of the times. In some current university lectures on the Holocaust, students are taught that there are few reliable ways to gauge the German public’s opinion on what was happening within their country. The main source, outside of private materials, is Gestapo reports, which in and of themselves are biased, purposefully tampered with, and unreliable. The same cannot be said when attempting to understand how the Polish population, both inside and outside of Poland, felt regarding what was happening inside Nazi Germany, and eventually in occupied Poland. Unlike major English-language newspapers in North America, such as the New York Times, the Polish-language press did not bury or ignore news from Europe concerning the rise of Nazism and subsequent persecutions, but focused directly on them demonstrating that the news being communicated—and reactions to that news— was very real and not incomprehensible or implausible. The Republika-Górnik was one of America’s largest Polish-language weeklies, and one that reported extensively on the European situation regarding fascism and Hitler well before 1933. This article specifically examines how Polish-Jewish relations and the looming war were reflected in this press from 1926–1930.
A extrafiscalidade tributária como instrumento de proteção ambiental
Authors: Payâo Jordana Viana , Ribeiro Maria De Fátima
Published: March 2017

A proteção ao meio ambiente e a busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável consistem na prioridade mundial em termos de políticas públicas. O crescimento econômico desenfreado produziu um índice de degradação ambiental irreparável, prejudicando a sobrevivência da presente geração e a possibilidade de existência das próximas gerações. A política tributária surge como instrumento interno eficaz ao combate de práticas lesivas ao meio ambiente e incentivo ao desenvolvimento sustentável, na sua faceta extrafiscal que visa o fomento ou restrição de determinados comportamentos dos contribuintes. Por meio de benefícios e incentivos fiscais ocorre a modulação da Ordem Econômica de modo a compatibilizar os ditames ambientais e econômicos. No Brasil, todavia, não há um sistema sólido apto a produzir os efeitos desejados diante da emergencial degradação ambiental. O objeto central do estudo consiste na análise da atuação do Estado, por meio de políticas públicas tributárias com vistas ao desenvolvimento sustentável, utilizando os mecanismos da extrafiscalidade. Para a abordagem da temática, o texto privilegiou o método dedutivo, partindo da análise do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente na Constituição Federal, incluindo análise bibliográfica e jurisprudencial.
A regulação e a viabilidade de uma agência reguladora para o ensino superior Brasil
Authors: Vilela Danilo Vieira
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a atuação do Estado na regulação do ensino superior no Brasil a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Parte da análise do modelo de Estado estabelecido na Constituição de 1988, enfatizando-se a adoção das agências reguladoras independentes, modelo importado dos EUA, cuja aclimatação ainda não se deu por completo no ordenamento brasileiro. A seguir é traçado um panorama do Ensino Superior no país, destacando-se a prevalência dos agentes econômicos privados nesse setor. Ao final é analisada a viabilidade da criação de uma agência reguladora, concluindo-se no sentido de que, apesar da inquestionável necessidade de o Estado disciplinar o Ensino Superior, a adoção do modelo de agências reguladoras não se apresenta como a alternativa mais viável no momento, ante ao relativo fracasso de outras agências cuja atuação é criticada em razão da sua imprecisa delimitação, sobretudo quando em confronto com interesses privados ou com as competências constitucionais dos demais poderes. Assim, até que o Estado consiga especificar com precisão o que espera de suas agências reguladoras, bem como estabelecer mecanismos que impeçam sua captura, entende-se mais prudente a manutenção da atividade regulatória na competência da estrutura do Ministério da Educação.
Autocríticas e expurgos nos círculos revolucionários paulistas1 (1928-1935)
Authors: Campos Alzira Lobo de Arruda , Gomes Alvaro Cardoso , Godoy Marilia Gomes Ghizzi
Published: March 2017

As dissensões ocorridas nos meios revolucionários paulistas, nos anos 30, pontuaram a história do Partido Comunista do Brasil e das demais correntes de esquerda, produzindo censuras e autocríticas dirigidas a muitos de seus membros. A determinação revolucionária dos camaradas, desenvolvida na cultura de gueto da subversão, propiciou a formação de estratégias de sobrevivência, das quais, a mais perversa, era a dúvida metódica lançada sobre a lealdade de companheiros de jornada. Nas reuniões do partido, traições supostas ou reais ocupavam boa parte da pauta. Impurezas teóricas, envolvimento com trotskistas, adesões pequeno-burguesas, colaboracionismo, deslealdade ao partido, envenenavam as relações dos comunistas. Informações provenientes de fontes diversas — cartas, atas de reuniões, circulares, prontuários policiais — permitem-nos analisar esse processo, submetido ao silêncio quase total da historiografia brasileira.
O Diabo e suas múltiplas imagens nas iluminuras do Monstro Devorador e do Anjo Caído (século XV): alguns exemplos
Authors: Zierer Adriana Maria de Souza
Published: March 2017

Este artigo realizou uma análise sobre as múltiplas imagens do Diabo, com base em três iluminuras do século XV. Foi possível observar os seguintes elementos: 1- o ente maléfico como uma cabeça, com uma imensa boca aberta, conhecida como a Boca do Inferno; 2-o ser do Mal humano, mas com características animalizadas, portando garras, pelo, rabo, entre outros aspectos, ainda com aspecto devorador; 3-Lúcifer representado de forma bela, como o anjo rebelde expulso do Céu por Deus. Foram analisadas três imagens; uma da obra Vision de Tondal, na qual é representado como a Besta Aqueronte, em forma de Boca do Inferno, e duas imagens do livro Les Très Riches Heures do Duc de Berry, quando é figurado com traços animalescos na imagem intitulada “Inferno” (fl.108r) e ainda com suas características angélicas em “A queda dos Anjos Rebeldes” (fl. 64v). Nas duas últimas iluminuras o Diabo apresenta elementos de soberano do Inferno. Além disso, foi possível constatar que esse ser apresenta traços ambíguos no imaginário cristão.
Redes, gerações e negócios: uma família de imigrantes portugueses na Amazônia
Authors: Cancela Cristina Donza
Published: March 2017

Trata-se neste artigo de compreender a trajetória de José Antonio Martins, o barão de Monte Córdova, um português que chegou a Belém, capital do Estado do Pará, no período da economia da borracha. Procura-se analisar os caminhos da migração e a dinâmica das redes sociais compostas por ele, seus familiares e conterrâneos, observando as estratégias acionadas, a mobilidade, a projeção, os lugares de pertença, as práticas e os jogos de representação negociados nas experiências inscritas no trânsito entre Portugal e Brasil.
Didática e história escolar: dimensões disciplinares e culturais
Authors: Leopoldino Maria Aparecida
Published: March 2017

O artigo objetiva refletir sobre os nexos que envolvem a Didática e a história escolar por meio de duas dimensões que marcam sua historicidade: a disciplinar e a cultural. O intento com essa reflexão é enfatizar as condições históricas da disciplinarização desse saber balizadas pela crença na ideia de progresso e civilização que instituíram uma memória social ainda presente como continuidade dos problemas e mazelas do ensino de História escolar na sociedade brasileira e como tais dimensões envolvem a história escolar e ecoa nas investigações sobre o ensino de História em diferentes direções analíticas no debate sobre a Didática da História. Em seu desdobramento, indica que a Didática da História se pergunte, fundamentalmente, sobre o espaço reservado a uma História escolar crítica em um contexto reprodutivo de uma história tradicional permanente na cultura escolar como parte de seu universo teórico, conceitual e prático sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem da história escolar.
Manuais de didática da história: contribuições para entender suas especificidades
Authors: Rodrigues Junior Osvaldo , Garcia Tânia Maria Figueiredo Braga
Published: March 2017

Apresenta resultados de investigação sobre a natureza dosmanuais de Didática da História produzidos no Brasil entre 1997 e 2013. Explicita características da estrutura e forma de sete obras que correspondem à definição de manuais didáticos entendidos como aqueles que têm a finalidade de orientar professores em suas práticas de ensino ou “ensinam a ensinar”. Parte do pressuposto de que a existência destes manuais configura a composição do código disciplinar da História e da Didática da História enquanto disciplina responsável por orientar o ensino da História. Compreende ainda que a Didática da História é a “ciência do aprendizado histórico” e que, como tal, pode ser dirigida a três tarefas: a tarefa empírica; a tarefa reflexiva; e a tarefa normativa. Os resultados indicam que por sua natureza os manuais de Didática da História se distingue de outros textos escolares da disciplina. Essa distinção pode ser observada na estrutura didática que define as obras como manuais de Didática da História.
El concepto de Dictadura: Concepciones de los estudiantes chilenos de educación media
Authors: Leyton Gabriela Alejandra Vásquez , Agustí María Sánchez
Published: March 2017

O golpe militar de 11 de setembro de 1973 começou uma sangrenta ditadura que iria manter Pinochet 17 anos no poder executivo do Estado chileno. Isto levou a uma série de investigações de diferentes pontos de vista, posições e idéias, buscando ajuda na criação de um cidadão "consciência histórica" que viveram na ditadura e que agora vivem em democracia. Neste aspecto, do mundo educacional, esta pesquisa tem um significado real porque conhecer as idéias de ditadura nos permitem conhecer a visão dos chamados filhos de democracia, aqueles que percebem os efeitos do processo histórico. Para os alunos de secundária chileno, o processo de ditadura foi caracterizado por violentos em consequência da repressão brutal por parte do regime militar aos protestos de vários tipos, mostrando que para eles Ditadura e Transição são parte do mesmo conjunto histórico, uma vez que o processo de transição referem a eventos e situações vividas no governo militar.
Apresentação do Dossiê Didática da História e Ensino de História
Authors: Souza Éder Cristiano de , Ramos Márcia Elisa Teté
Published: March 2017

Apresentação Dossiê Didática da História e Ensino de História
The Social Characteristics of Postgraduate Students in Ecuador: A Multidimensional Statistical Analysis
Authors: Marchán Andrés Bonilla , Delgado Ramiro , Stefos Efstathios
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate social characteristics of postgraduate students in Ecuador. The study was conducted with the use of a descriptive and multidimensional statistical analysis, and data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment corresponding to 2015. The descriptive analysis has shown the frequencies and percentages of the variables of the research. The multidimensional statistical analysis was used in order to show the main and most important criteria of differentiation and the classification in clusters of people being studied. The methods used are the factorial analysis of multiple correspondences that presents the criteria of differentiation and the hierarchical clustering that defines the groups of people due to their common characteristics.
Alcoholgebruik bij jongeren in Nederland
Authors: De Looze M. , Koning I.
Published: March 2017

Alcohol use among adolescents in the Netherlands: From soaking to complying

Alcohol use and adolescents: they are inevitably connected. At least, this was the case up until the early 2000s in the Netherlands. After a peak in the prevalence of alcohol use in 2003, the percentage of adolescents in the Netherlands who drank alcohol decreased enormously. This decline co-occurs with a dramatic shift in sociocultural norms on adolescent alcohol use among parents. Since the peak in 2003, a variety of national and local prevention and intervention programs have been implemented, aiming to stimulate parents to adopt stricter parenting practices related to the alcohol use of their child. In other Western countries, however, similar decreases in adolescent alcohol use have been observed. On the basis of recent societal developments, the authors describe potential explanations for the observed declines. Moreover, they discuss how youngsters actively create peer contexts in which behaviors like alcohol use take place.
Vijf jaar Aanpak Top600: waar staan we nu?
Authors: van Grinsven S. , Verwest A.
Published: March 2017

The Amsterdam Top600 Project five years later: Where do we stand now?

More than forty organizations in security, healthcare and social services work together in the ‘Top600 Project’, aimed at those committing ‘high-impact crimes’. The goal is to improve safety in and around Amsterdam by achieving a permanent change in the behavior of these perpetrators. This includes both a reduction in recidivism of high-impact crimes and an increase in their self-reliance in order to decrease their reliance on crime. To achieve this, special case managers strive to get a clear perspective on the (often complex) lives of these Top600 persons. These managers (‘regisseurs’) can connect to all the organizations concerned and ensure that their efforts are coordinated, aligned and mutually strengthening. The project includes preventing the Top600 persons’ (younger) brothers and sisters from following their siblings on a path of crime. It works through a collective focus and a tailor-made approach for each person, by exercising control on three levels (administrative, civil, and case level), by central monitoring of the results and - from there - by resolving structural flaws in the system.
Gabriel Sánchez Espinosa, ed., Pruebas de imprenta. Estudios sobre la cultura editorial del libro en la España moderna y contemporánea
Authors: Ulla Lorenzo Alejandra
Published: March 2017

Reseña de Gabriel Sánchez Espinosa, ed., Pruebas de imprenta. Estudios sobre la cultura editorial del libro en la España moderna y contemporánea, Iberoamericana / Vervuert, Madrid / Frankfurt am Main, 2013, 284 pp. ISBN: 9788484897637 (Iberoamericana), 9783954873074 (Vervuert).