bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Transcriptomic Variation Map Provides Insights into The Genetic Basis of Pinus massoniana Evolution and Association of Oleoresin Yield
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Xie Yini , Liu Bin , New Huanhuan Yin , Zhou Zhichun , Feng Zhongping , Chen Yadong
Published: April 2020

Background: Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), the dominant native coniferous species in South China, is commercially important for timber and oleoresin. However, knowledge of the genetic variability of the masson pine germplasm is still scarce. Here, the genetic diversity and population structure of masson pine germplasm were assessed using 204 wild accessions from 10 main distribution regions by 94,194 core SNPs obtained from transcriptome sequencing data. Results: The average expected heterozygosity was 0.2724, implying abundant genetic diversity within masson pine germplasm. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 3.29% variation sourced from the genetic differentiation. Structure analysis identified two geographically distinct groups. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) showed one geographically distinct group was divided two clusters furtherly. Sichuan and Chongqing provenance is the geographical origin, and diffuses outward along two lines. Oleoresin yield might be reflected by the evolution, and exhibits two different changing trends between two diffusing line. It may be associated with the genes of chitinase, CYP720B, Cytochrome P450, ABC transporter and AP2/ERF based on SNPs and expression. Conclusions: SNP markers by transcriptome sequencing have a strong power in evaluating genetic diversity within species and the genetic control of objective trait. The function of these genes will be verified and the strong associated genes with oleoresin yield will be used in the improvement of oleoresin yield by early genotype selection or genetic engineering.
Temporal dynamics and ecophysiology of thermophilic composting analyzed through metagenome-assembled genomes
Authors: Setubal João Carlos , Braga Lucas Palma Perez , Pereira Roberta Verciano , Martins Layla Farage , Moura Livia Maria Silva , Sanchez Fabio Beltrame , Patané José Salvatore Leister , Silva Aline Maria da
Published: April 2020

Background: Thermophilic composting is a semi-engineered process carried out by diverse microbial communities. Composting is an environment friendly way of degrading biomass; its study may help uncover important biomass-degrading organisms and key enzymes. DNA sequence-based previous studies have presented a general description of the microbial-molecular features of composting, but they have lacked more specific information on the key organisms that are active during the process and their genomes. Methods: We present an analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) obtained from time-series samples of a thermophilic composting process in the São Paulo Zoological Park (Brazil). Our results are based on a careful analysis of MAG gene content and on metabolic modeling of their interactions. Results: We recovered 60 MAGs from sequencing datasets from two separate composting cells. Phylogenetic analysis shows that 47 of these MAGs represent novel taxa at the genus or higher levels. We have analyzed the gene repertoire of these MAGs in terms of lignocellulose degradation, secondary metabolite production, antibiotic resistance genes, denitrification genes, sulfur metabolism, hydrogen metabolism, and oxygen metabolism. For one of the composting cells we also had metatranscriptome data, which allowed a deeper analysis of 49 MAGs. This analysis showed the presence of three distinct clusters of MAGs with varying activity during the 99-day composting process. The interaction model pointed to Sphaerobacter thermophilus and Thermobispora bispora as key players in the process, as well as other bacteria that are novel. Our results also show the importance of coadjuvant bacteria and of microbial functions related to efficient bioenergetic processes during biomass conversion, such as N2O reduction and hydrogenases. A novel acidobacteria MAG encodes N2O reductase hallmark genes (nosZD). Strong metabolic dependencies predicted between MAGs revealed that cross-feeding in composting can be determined by complementary functions found in the genomes of producers and consumers, supporting the Black Queen hypothesis for co-evolutionary interactions. Conclusions: This study reveals for the first time the key bacterial players in thermophilic composting and provides a model of their dynamic metabolic interactions. These findings pave the way for more rational composting procedures and provide information that could help the development of novel biomass-degrading technologies.
Adherence to World Health Organisation guidelines for treatment of early onset neonatal sepsis in low-income settings; a cohort study in Nepal
Authors: Ekman Beatrice , Paudel Prajwal , Basnet Omkar , Ashish KC , Wrammert J.
Published: April 2020

Background Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of death during the first month of life and early empirical treatment with injectable antibiotics is a life-saving intervention. Adherence to World Health Organisation guidelines on first line antibiotics is crucial to mitigate the risks of increased antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this paper was to evaluate if treatment of early onset neonatal sepsis in a low-income facility setting observe current guidelines and if compliance is influenced by contextual factors. Methods This cohort study used data on antimicrobial treatment of neonatal sepsis onset within 72 hours of life from 12 regional hospitals participating in a scale-up trial of a neonatal resuscitation quality improvement package intervention in Nepal. Infants treated according to guidelines were compared with those receiving other antimicrobials. A multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for the intervention and time trend was applied. Results 1,564 infants with a preliminary diagnosis of early onset sepsis were included. A majority (74.9%) were treated according to guidelines and adherence was increasing over time. Infants born at larger facilities (adjusted Odds Ratio 5.6), those that were inborn (adjusted Odds Ratio 1.97) or belonging to a family of dis-advantaged caste (adjusted Odds Ratio 2.15) had higher odds for treatment according to guidelines. A clinical presentation of lethargy or tachypnoea was associated with adherence to guidelines. Conclusion Adherence to guidelines for antibiotic treatment of early neonatal sepsis was moderately high in this low-income setting. Odds for observing guidelines increased with facility size, for inborn infants and if the family belonged to a dis-advantaged caste. Cefotaxime was a common alternative choice when guidelines were not followed, highly relevant for the risk of increased antimicrobial resistance.
Effect of vaccine reminder and tracker bracelets on routine childhood immunization coverage and timeliness in urban Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Siddiqi Danya Arif , Ali Rozina Feroz , Munir Mehr , Shah Mubarak Taighoon , Khan Aamir J , Chandir Subhash
Published: April 2020

Background Inability to track children’s vaccination history coupled with parents’ lack of awareness of vaccination due dates compounds the problem of low immunization coverage and timeliness in developing countries. We evaluated the impact of two types of silicon immunization reminder bracelets for children in improving immunization coverage and timeliness of Pentavalent-3 and the Measles-1 vaccines. Methods Children < 3 months were enrolled in either of the 2 intervention groups (Alma Sana Bracelet Group and Star Bracelet Group) or the Control group. Children in the intervention groups were provided the 2 different bracelets at the time of recruitment. Each time the child visited the immunization center, a hole was perforated in the silicon bracelet to denote vaccine administration. Each child was followed up till administration of Measles-1 vaccine or till 12 months of age (if they did not come to the center for vaccination). Data was analyzed using the intention-to-treat population between groups. The unadjusted and adjusted Risk Ratios (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for Pentavalent-3 and Measles-1 coverage at 12 months of age were estimated through bivariate and multivariate analysis. Time-to-Pentavalent-3 and Measles-1 immunization curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results A total of 1,446 children were enrolled in the study between July 19, 2017 and October 10, 2017. Baseline characteristics among the three groups were similar. Up-to-date coverage for the Pentavalent-3 /Measles-1 vaccine at 12 months of age was 84.6%/72.0%, 85.4%/70.5% and 83.0%/68.5% in Alma Sana Bracelet group, Star Bracelet group and Control group respectively but the differences were not statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis, neither the Alma Sana bracelet (adjusted RR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.96-1.06), (adjusted RR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.97-1.13) nor the Star bracelet (adjusted RR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.96-1.06) (adjusted RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.95-1.11) was significantly associated with Pentavalent-3 vaccination or Measles-1 vaccination. Conclusion Although we did not observe any significant impact of the bracelets on improved immunization coverage and timeliness, our findings add to the existing literature on innovative, low cost reminders for health and make several suggestions for enhancing practical implementation of these tools.
Associations of Hyper-filtration and Proteinuria with Clinical Severity Score among Adult Sudanese Sickle anemia patients
Authors: Osman Mohamed Abdelazim , Suliman Nazeer Hassan , Kaddam Lamis AbdelGadir
Published: April 2020

Background: Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive haemoglobinopathy with high morbidity and mortality. Global survival of sickle patients is increased and subsequently, prevalence of chronic complications including renal manifestations due to advances in management. Therefore, early detection and management of these complications become mandatory. This study aimed to investigate the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), proteinuria and serum uric acid as markers of renal involvement in Sudanese sickle adults and association between these parameters and clinical severity score of sickle cell disease. Methods: Cross-sectional hospital-based study included thirty-two adult Sudanese patients diagnosed with SCA and twenty-three controls. Written informed consent was obtained. Blood and urine samples were collected. Severity score was calculated using Bios online calculator and eGFR was calculated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula without adjustment for ethnicity. Results: Protein/Creatinine Ratio (PCR) was significantly higher (p-value < 0.001) in sickle cell anaemia group compared to controls. Hyper-filtration and Hyperuricemia were manifested in 75% and 6.3% of SCA group respectively. There was no association between the severity score and renal manifestations in the SCA group. Conclusions: Hyper-filtration and proteinuria were the most prevalent renal manifestations in SCA group. Further studies are recommended to determine the predictors of renal complications and early management of them.
A cross-sectional comparison of breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and perceived partners’ support among expectant couples in Mekelle Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremariam kidane , Zelenko Oksana , Mulugeta Afework , Gallegos Danielle
Published: April 2020

Background Breastfeeding is considered the biological norm and essential to reduce infant morbidity and mortality. Mothers are responsible for breastfeeding but the support of others, including their partners is an influential determinant. The aim of this study was to compare and contrast antenatal breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of support of expectant couples in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Methods As part of a randomised control trial of an mHealth intervention, 128 couples in their third trimester from three selected health centres in Mekelle city were recruited to participate. Couples who each had a personal mobile phone, read and spoke Tigrigna, and lived together were included. Baseline data on breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and perceived support (breastfeeding, savvy, help, appreciation, presence, and responsiveness) were collected using previously validated tools through interview by health workers. Result Compared to mothers, male partners were more likely to indicate their intention to provide breastfeeding appreciation (p=0.02), breastfeeding presence (p=0.002), and breastfeeding responsiveness (p=0.04). The prenatal perception mothers had of their partners’ intended breastfeeding support was lower than fathers’ perceptions to support their partners. Multiparous mothers had more positive perceptions regarding their partners’ breastfeeding savvy (p=0.03), and breastfeeding help (p=0.02) compared to primiparous mothers. Conclusion Fathers in Ethiopia are potentially strong supporters of breastfeeding practice. Future breastfeeding interventions should promote the involvement of fathers in breastfeeding and encourage mothers to increase their partners’ involvement in breastfeeding.
Erenumab in Highly Therapy-refractory Migraine Patients: First Real-world Evidence
Authors: Scheffler Armin , Messel Olga , Wurthmann Sebastian , Nsaka Michael , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Glas Martin , Naegel Steffen , Holle-Lee Dagny
Published: April 2020

Background: Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAB) are the first specific migraine prophylactic medication. Erenumab is the only CGRP mAB targeting the CGRP receptor. Clinical data regarding efficacy and tolerability of erenumab in highly therapy-refractory patients are not available, yet, although many patients treated with CGRP mAB under real world conditions can be considered as highly therapy-refractory.Methods: Clinical routine data of highly therapy-refractory migraine patients treated with erenumab 70mg for three months between November 2018 and December 2019 in the West German Headache Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany, were analysed. Monthly migraine days (MMD), monthly headache days (MHD) and days of acute medication intake (AMD) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. Descriptive statistics were performed to evaluate changes of vegetative symptoms, acute medication response, side effects, as well as treatment satisfaction.Results: Complete clinical data were available for 26 episodic (EM) and 74 chronic (CM) migraineurs. Sixty-six % (n=49) of CM patients had an additional medication overuse headache (MOH). After three months 57.7 % of EM patients and 41.9 % of CM patients had a 50% or greater reduction of MMD. The mean number of MMD was reduced by 3.43 (SE 1.26) in EM, and by 4.72 (SE 0.87) in CM. Thirty-nine patients (52.7%) returned from chronic to episodic course of migraine. After three months, 23 patients (46.9%) were not suffering from a MOH anymore.Conclusions: Erenumab seems to be a promising therapeutic option in highly therapy-refractory migraine patients.
A novo missense variant of the PHEX gene in patients with X-linked dominant hypophosphatemia
Authors: cao peixuan , Zhu Xiangyu , Gu Leilei , Liu Wei , Li Jie
Published: April 2020

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by low serum phosphate concentration. Both males and females could be affected, and males tend to perform more severely. Identification of a pathological variation in the phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidase on the X chromosome ( PHEX ) gene regulating phosphate located in the X chromosome by molecular genetic detection confirms the diagnosis. The current pharmacologic treatments mainly focus on relieving symptoms instead of preventing it occur. A maternally inherited novo missense heterozygous variant c.1256G>A in exon 11 of the PHEX gene was found in the proband and her mother. SIFT, Polyphen2 and PROVEAN predicted it as a deleterious mutation. This mutation was also detected in an affected maternal grandmother and an affected maternal uncle, a healthy maternal uncle and three healthy maternal aunts and their offspring did not carry this mutation. We identified a novo PHEX variant c.1256G>A, p.(Gly419Glu), the heterozygous mutation may be the cause of the deformity in this family.
Collagen I in the hip capsule plays a role in postoperative clinical function in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Ning Bo , Zhang Sicheng , Sun Jun
Published: April 2020

Purpose The aims of the present study is to evaluate the roles of collagen I and III in the hip capsule in the postoperative clinical function of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods Hip capsules from 155 hips of 120 patients were collected during surgery. The patients were divided into three groups according to age: I: 2–3.5 years; II: 3.5–5 years; and III: 5–6 years. Patient clinical function and radiographic outcomes were evaluated with the McKay scores and Severin classification. The expression of collagen I and III was detected through immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR and analysed according to age, sex, degree of dislocation and McKay classification. All patients received similar operations and achieved good results on the basis of postoperative X-ray imaging. Results The average follow-up time was 3.4 years (range 2–4.3 years). There were no changes in the expression of collagen III in the different groups. The expression of collagen I according to age and sex was not significantly different. Lower expression of collagen I was observed in DDH patients with a higher degree of dislocation according to the Tonnis grade. The highest expression of collagen I was detected in the group with poor clinical function according to the McKay classification. Conclusion Collagen I is correlated with the degree of dislocation and is a risk factor for poor clinical function in DDH patients. Collagen I is correlated with the degree of hip dislocation and poor clinical function in DDH patients.
The Effects of Programmed Cryotherapy and Continuous Passive Motion in Patients after Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty: A prospective, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Mei-Chu , Lin Chiu-Chu , Ko Jih-Yang , Kuo Feng-Chih
Published: April 2020

Background: Cryotherapy and continuous passive motion (CPM) are commonly used for conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to reduce postoperative pain and increase of the range of motion (ROM). However, this postoperative nursing intervention remains elusive for patients undergoing computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (CAS-TKA) Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial with a purposive sampling method was utilized. Sixty patients scheduled for a unilateral CAS-TKA at a medical center were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=30) and control group (n=30). The intervention group applied programed cryotherapy and CPM within one hour while returning to the ward on the day of surgery, while the control group did not. Data were analyzed using mixed models to compare numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain, ROM, and swelling at postoperative day (POD) 4. Results: There was no significant difference in the NRS score between the groups ( p = 0.168). The intervention group had significantly higher ROM than the control group (98 degrees vs. 91 degrees, p = 0.004) at POD 4. Although no significant difference in joint swelling was found between groups ( p = 0.157), the intervention group had lower mean joint swelling (32.2 cm) than the control group (33.9 cm). Conclusions: Programmed cryotherapy and continuous passive motion can improve the range of motion after CAS-TKA. It should be incorporated into the daily nursing plan for patients undergoing CAS-TKA.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Involving Triple Rehabilitation Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis in 696 Outpatient Cases: A Multi-center Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Guo Jiemei , Cai Tangyan , Xiao Yan , Wang Jianhui , Li Baolin , Huang Lulu , Mao Xiao , Lai Xingquan , Zhu Yaju , Zhang Yiqiang , Chen Shaoqing , Su Youxin
Published: April 2020

Background: The treatment and rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are important. This trial was designed to determine the effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) involving triple rehabilitation therapy for KOA on the progression of this disease to help expand the use of this therapy. Methods: In this multi-center, prospective, multi-factor randomized single-blinded parallel controlled clinical trial, 38 community health service centers located in Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Foshan, and Chengdu in China were randomly divided into experimental and control groups equally. A total of 722 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Health education combined with TCM involving triple rehabilitation therapy for KOA (electro-acupuncture, Chinese medicinal herb fumigation-washing, and traditional exercises) was administered in the experimental group while conventional rehabilitation therapy (physical factor therapy, joint movement training, and muscle strength training) was administered in the control group. Patients with a visual analog scale (VAS) score ≥4 were treated with dispersible meloxicam tablets (7.5 mg/time, once/day). The Lequesne index score, VAS score, range of motion (ROM), lower limb muscle strength, knee joint circumference, KOA symptom grading score, and the short-form 36 item health survey questionnaire (SF-36) score were measured for each patient before and at 4 checkpoints during treatment (at 2 weeks, and 4 weeks) and after treatment (at 1 month, and 3 months).Results: The entire process was completed by 351 and 345 patients in the experimental and control groups, respectively. At all treatment checkpoints, the experimental group demonstrated better outcomes than the control group with regard to the total Lequesne index score, effective rate and rate of improvement of the total Lequesne index score, VAS score, lower limb muscle strength, knee circumference, the KOA symptom grading score, and SF-36 scores as well. Conclusion: TCM involving triple rehabilitation therapy for KOA is suitable for patients with early or mid-stage KOA. It can alleviate KOA-related pain and swelling, improve lower limb muscle strength, and promote flexion and activity of the knee. This therapy can improve the quality of life in patients undergoing KOA, and should be popularized and made available to the broader community.
The Prediction for Development of COVID-19 in Global Major Epidemic Areas Through Empirical Trends in China by Utilizing State Transition Matrix Model
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Wu Ke , Yao Zhixian , Zheng Junhua , Chen Jian
Published: April 2020

Background: Since pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, tremendous infected cases has risen all over the world attributed to high transmissibility. We managed to mathematically forecast the inflection point (IFP) of new cases in South Korea, Italy, and Iran, utilizing the transcendental model from China. Methods: Data from reports released by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Dec 31, 2019 to Mar 5, 2020) and the World Health Organization (Jan 20, 2020 to Mar 5, 2020) were extracted as the training set and the data from Mar 6 to Mar 9 as validation set. New close contacts, newly confirmed cases, cumulative confirmed cases, non-severe cases, severe cases, critical cases, cured cases, and death were collected and analyzed. All data were analyzed through the State Transition Matrix model. Results: the optimistic scenario (non-Hubei model, daily increment rate of -3.87%), the cautiously optimistic scenario (Hubei model, daily increment rate of -2.20%), and the relatively pessimistic scenario (adjustment, daily increment rate of -1.50%) were inferred and modeling from data in China. The IFP of time in South Korea would be Mar 6-Mar 12, Italy Mar 10-Mar 24, and Iran is Mar 10-Mar 24. The numbers of cumulative confirmed patients will reach approximately 20k in South Korea, 209k in Italy, and 226k in Iran under fitting scenarios, respectively. There should be room for improvement if these metrics continue to improve. In that case, the IFP will arrive earlier than our estimation. However, with the adoption of different diagnosis criteria, the variation of new cases could impose various influences in the predictive model. If that happens, the IFP of increment will be higher than predicted above. Conclusion: The end of the pandemic is still inapproachable, and the number of confirmed cases is still escalating. With the augment of data, the world epidemic trend could be further predicted, and it is imperative to consummate the assignment of global medical resources to curb the development of COVID-19.
In Situ Monitoring of Nitrate Content in Leafy Vegetables Using Mid-Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy coupled with Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Ma Fei , Du changwen , Zhen Shuailin , Du Yaxiao
Published: April 2020

Background: Vegetables are one of the most important nitrate sources of human diary diet. Establishing fast and accurate in situ nitrate monitoring approaches that could be used in the plant growth process and vegetable markets is essential.Results: Incorporating the unique feature of N-O asymmetric stretch absorption in the mid-infrared region (1500-1200 cm-1), portable Fourier-transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopic instruments, along with the Euclidean distance-modified intelligent algorithm extreme learning machine (ED-ELM) model, were employed to evaluate the nitrate contents in leafy vegetables. A total of 1224 samples of four popular vegetables (Chinese cabbage, swamp cabbage, celery, and lettuce) were analyzed. The results indicated that the nitrate contents (mean values: Chinese cabbage: 7550 mg/kg; swamp cabbage: 4219 mg/kg; celery: 4164 mg/kg; lettuce: 4322 mg/kg) highly exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO))-specified maximum tolerance limits. The ED-ELM model showed a better performance with the root-mean-square-error of 799.7 mg/kg, the determination coefficients of 0.93, the ratio of performance to deviation of 2.22, the optimized calibration dataset number of 100, and the number of hidden neurons of 30.Conclusion: The results confirmed that FTIR-ATR, along with the suitable model algorithms, could be used as a potential rapid and accurate method to monitor the nitrate contents in the fields of agriculture and food safety.
Automated high-resolution structure analysis of plant root with a morphological image filtering algorithm
Authors: Gong Liang , Lin Chenhui , Zhu Kai , Liu Chenliang , Hong Jun , Liang Wanqi , Joe Wilson
Published: April 2020

Background: Research on rice (Oryza sativa) roots requires the automatic analysis of root structure using image processing. It is challenging for a digital filter to identify the roots from the obscured and cluttered background, and to separate the primary roots from lateral roots. The original Frangi filter (FF), presented by Alejandro F. Frangi in 1998, is a low-pass filter dedicated to blood vessel image enhancement. Considering the similarity between vessels and roots, the FF is applied to identify the roots. However, the original FF only enhances the tube-like primary roots but erases the lateral roots. Hence, a new method is developed to meet the demands by simultaneously maintaining the primary and lateral morphological structure of roots. Result: In this work, a crucial part of the FF, Gaussian filtering, is redesigned to discriminate against the primary and lateral roots in a 2-D image. Inspired by the structure-awareness of the FF, an Improved Frangi Filtering Algorithm (IFFA) designed for plant roots is proposed. First, Multilevel image thresholding, connected-components labeling and width correction are used to optimize the resultant binary image. Then, to enhance the local structure, the truncated Gaussian kernel is modified resulting in more discernible lateral roots. Compared to the original FF and the Automatic Root Image Analysis (ARIA), a commercial software, IFFA is a faster and more accurate algorithm achieving an identification accuracy of 97.48%. Conclusion: IFFA is an effective 2-D filtering approach to enhance the roots of rice (Oryza sativa) for segmentation and further biological research. IFFA is faster than ARIA and the original FF, and IFFA’s accuracy outperforms its counterparts as per the Intersection Over Union (IOU) and Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) criteria.
Predictors of resignation and sick leave after cancer diagnosis among Japanese breast cancer survivors
Authors: Mitsui Kiyomi , Endo Motoki , Imai Yuya , Ueda Yuito , Ogawa Hiroko , Muto Go , Yan Yan , Deshpande Gautam A. , Terao Yasuhisa , Takeda Satoru , Tanigawa Takeshi , Nishimura Katsuji , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Saito Mitsue , Kokaze Akatsuki
Published: April 2020

Background The number of breast cancer patients of working age is increasing in Japan . Consequently, there is a need for support for working individuals concomitantly undergoing breast cancer treatment. The present study aimed to clarify the risk factors for resignation and taking sick leave among breast cancer survivors in continued employment at the time of diagnosis. Methods As part of a Japanese national research project (Endo-Han), the investigators conducted a web-based survey of cancer survivors (CSs) in 2018. The investigators analyzed the risk factors for post-breast cancer diagnosis resignation and sick leave using a logistic regression model, including age at diagnosis, educational level, cancer stage, surgery, pharmacotherapy, radiotherapy, employment status, and occupational type. Results 40 of 269 breast cancer survivors (14.9%) quit their job after cancer diagnosis. Predictors of resignation included lower education level (odds ratio [OR]: 3.802; 95%CI: 1.233-11.729), taking sick leave (OR: 2.514; 95%CI: 1.202-5.261), and younger age at diagnosis (OR: 0.470; 95%CI: 0.221-0.998). Of 229 patients who continued working, sick leave was taken by 72 (31.4%); having surgery was a predictor for taking sick leave (OR: 8.311; 95%CI: 1.007-68.621). Conclusions 14.9% of Japanese employees quit their jobs after being diagnosed with breast cancer. Being younger at breast cancer diagnosis, having lower educational attainment level, and utilizing sick leave were identified as predictors of post-cancer diagnosis resignation. Surgery was associated with the highest risk of taking sick leave. Breast cancer survivors exhibit higher risks for resignation, and may require more carefully follow-up after diagnosis by healthcare providers and employers to protect work sustainability.
Role of TSP-1 as prognostic marker in various cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Shengjie , Dong Huiyu , Yan Tao , Li Junchen , Liang Chao , Liu Bianjiang , Shao Pengfei , Li Jie
Published: April 2020

Background Published studies present conflicting data regarding the impact of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression on prognosis of various cancers . We performed this meta-analysis to clarify the preliminary predictive value of TSP-1. Methods Twenty-four studies with a total of 2379 patients were included. A comprehensive literature search was performed by using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and hand searches were also conducted of relevant bibliographies. Pooled hazard ratio s ( HRs ) with 95% confidence intervals ( CIs ) for patient survival and disease recurrence were initially identified to explore relationships between TSP-1 expression and patient prognosis. Results A total of 24 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed that high level of TSP-1 was correlated significantly with poor overall survival ( OS ) (HR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.17~1.68). However, high TSP-1 expression predicted no significant impact on progression-free survival ( PFS )/ metastasis-free survival (MFS ) (HR=1.35, 95%CI: 0.87-2.10) and disease-free survival ( DFS )/ recurrence-free survival ( RFS ) (HR = 1.40, 95%CI: 0.77–2.53). In addition, we performed subgroup analyses which showed that high TSP-1 expression predicted poor prognosis in breast cancer and gynecological cancer. Conclusions Our findings indicated high TSP-1 expression may serve as a promising biomarker of poor prognosis and novel therapeutic target in cancers, especially in breast cancer and gynecological cancer.
Factors associated with indications for surgery and the presence of intestinal necrosis in patients with hepatic portal venous gas: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Matsui Ryohei , Takayama Satoru , Kawate Akifumi , Takura Kohei , Hattori Taku , Harata Koushirou , Sakamoto Masaki , Kani Hisanori , Onoyama Hirohiko , Morita Takeshi , Yoshitake Hiroyuki , Tomita Masafumi , Murakami Osamu , Yoshikawa Kiyoshi , Takagishi Tomoko , Kubota Yoshihiro
Published: April 2020

Background The presence of hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) has been associated with intestinal necrosis and is an indication for surgical intervention. But some cases can be treated conservatively. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with the need for surgical intervention and the development of intestinal necrosis in patients with HPVG.Methods This was a retrospective, multicenter and observational cohort study consisting of 166 patients who were diagnosed as having HPVG based on CT findings between April 2013 and March 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: surgery Required Group and Non-surgery Required Group. We reviewed medical records for clinical backgrounds, vital signs, laboratory data, CT findings, and compared the two groups using the Chi-square test and Student’s t-test with p-values < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.Results There were 72 patients in the Surgery Required Group and 94 in the Non-surgery Required Group. There were no statistically significant differences in age and sex between the two groups. Pulse rate (PR) ( p = 0.004), C-reactive protein (CRP) ( p = 0.012), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ( p = 0.006) and abnormality of the white blood cell count (WBC) ( p = 0.012) in the Surgery Required Group were significantly higher than those in the Non-surgery Required Group. The diameter of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and vein (SMV), and ratio of SMV/SMA were measured but no statistically significant difference was observed. Band-like pneumatosis ( p < 0.001) and ring like pneumatosis( p < 0.001) were observed with a significantly higher frequency in the Surgery Required Group, but no significant difference was observed in bubble-like pneumatosis. Intrahepatic HPVG was significantly more frequent in the Non-surgery Required Group than surgery Required Group ( p < 0.001), and extrahepatic HPVG ( p < 0.001) was the opposite result. There was no significant difference of HPVG distribution in lobes.Conclusions PR, CRP, LDH, abnormality of WBC, band-like pneumatosis, ring-like pneumatosis, and extrahepatic HPVG are the factors associated with an indication for surgery indication and intestinal necrosis in patients with HPVG.
Integrated TCGA and GEO analysis showed that SMAD7 is an independent prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Dai Zhou-Tong , Wang Jun , Xiang Yuan , Li Jia Peng , Zhang Hui-Min , Zhang Tong Cun , Liao Xianghua
Published: April 2020

The lack of effective markers leads to missed optimal treatment times, resulting in poorer prognosis In most cancers. SMAD family members are important cytokines in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) family. They jointly regulate the processes of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the expression of SMAD family genes in pan-cancers and their impact on prognosis have not been elucidated. Perl software and R software were used to perform expression analysis and survival curve analysis on the data collected by TCGA, GTEx and GEO, and the potential regulatory pathways were determined through GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis. It was found that SMAD7 and SMAD9 expression decreased in Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and their expression was positively correlated with survival time. Additionally, SMAD7 could be used as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. In general, SMAD7 and SMAD9 can be used as prognostic markers of LUAD, further, SMAD7 is expected to become a therapeutic target for LUAD.
Seabuckthorn Berries Attenuate Pulmonary Vascular Hyperpermeability in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Du Leilei , Liu Ying , Wan Li , Chen Chu , Fan Gang
Published: April 2020

Background

Acute lung injury is featured by pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability, resulting in high short-term mortality. Currently pharmacological therapies are still sparse.

Methods

In the mice model of acute lung injury induced by Lipopolysaccharide, the effect of seabuckthorn berries extract on pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability was evaluated by histopathologic observation and transvascular leakage determination. The key factors involved in alveolar-capillary barrier lesion were assessed.

Results

The findings indicated that treatment of seabuckthorn berries alleviated morphological lesion as well as water, Evans blue and total proteins leakage in lung tissue, suppressed the release of TNF-α and IL-6, decreased accumulation of neutrophils, inhibited the activation of NF-κB and down-regulated the expression of ICAM-1 and CD62E.

Conclusions

These results demonstrated seabuckthorn berries help maintaining alveolar-capillary barrier integrity under endotoxin challenge in mice by suppressing the key factors in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury.
Exercise training alone or in combination with high-protein diet in patients with late onset Pompe disease: results of a cross over study
Authors: Sechi Annalisa , Zuccarelli Lucrezia , Grassi Bruno , Frangiamore Rita , De Amicis Ramona , Marzorati Mauro , Porcelli Simone , Tullio Annarita , Bacco Anna , Bertoli Simona , Dardis Andrea , Biasutti Lea , Pasanisi Maria Barbara , Devigili Grazia , Bembi Bruno
Published: April 2020

Background Late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a lysosomal neuromuscular disorder which can progressively impair the patients’ exercise tolerance, motor and respiratory functions, and quality of life. The available enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) does not completely counteract disease progression. We investigated the effect of exercise training alone, or associated with a high-protein diet, on the exercise tolerance, muscle and pulmonary functions, and quality of life of LOPD patients on long term ERT.Methods The patients were asked to participate to a crossover randomized study comprehending a control period (free diet, no exercise) followed by 2 intervention periods: exercise or exercise+ diet , each lasting 26 weeks and separated by 13 weeks washout periods. Exercise training included moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer, stretching and balance exercises, strength training. The diet was composed by 25-30% protein, 30-35% carbohydrate and 35-40% fat. Before and after each period patients were assessed for: exercise tolerance test on a cycle-ergometer, serum muscle enzymes, pulmonary function tests and SF36 questionnaire for quality of life. Compliance was evaluated by training and dietary diaries. Patients were contacted weekly by researchers to optimize adherence to treatments.Results Thirteen LOPD patients, median age 49 ± 11 years, under chronic ERT (median 6.0± 4.0 years) were recruited. Peak aerobic power (peak pulmonary O 2 uptake) decreased after control , whereas it increased after exercise, and more markedly after exercise+diet . Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) significantly decreased after exercise+diet; both creatine kinase (CK) and LDH levels were significantly reduced after exercise+diet compared to exercise. Pulmonary function showed no changes after control and exercise , whereas a significant improvement of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was observed after exercise+diet . SF36 showed a slight improvement in the “mental component” scale after exercise , and a significant improvement in “general health” and “vitality” after exercise+diet . The compliance to prescriptions was higher than70% for both diet and exercise .Conclusions Exercise tolerance (as evaluated by peak aerobic power) showed a tendency to decrease in LOPD patients on long term ERT. Exercise training, particularly if combined with high-protein diet, could reverse this decrease and result in an improvement, which was accompanied by improved quality of life. The association of the two lifestyle interventions resulted also in a reduction of muscle enzyme levels and improved pulmonary function.
A novel culture method that sustains ERα signaling in human breast cancer tissue microstructures
Authors: Cartaxo Ana Luísa , Estrada Marta F , Domenici Giacomo , Roque Ruben , Silva Fernanda , Gualda Emilio J. , Loza-Alvarez Pablo , Sflomos George , Brisken Cathrin , Alves Paula M. , André Saudade , Brito Catarina
Published: April 2020

Background Estrogen receptor α (ERα) signaling is a defining and driving event in most breast cancers; ERα is detected in malignant epithelial cells of 75% of all breast cancers (classified as ER-positive breast cancer) and, in these cases, ERα targeting is the main therapeutic strategy. However, the biological determinants of ERα heterogeneity and the mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance are still elusive, hampered by the challenges in developing experimental models recapitulative of intra-tumoral heterogeneity and in which ERα signaling is sustained. Ex vivo cultures of human breast cancer tissue have been proposed to retain the original tissue architecture, epithelial and stromal cell components and ERα. However, loss of cellularity, viability and ERα expression are well-known culture-related phenomena. Methods BC samples were collected and brought to the laboratory. Then they were minced, enzymatically digested, entrapped in alginate and cultured for one month. The histological architecture, cellular composition and cell proliferation of tissue microstructures were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Cell viability was assessed by measurement of cell metabolic activity. The presence of ERα was accessed by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR and its functionality evaluated by challenge with 17−β−estradiol and fulvestrant, respectively. Results We describe a strategy based on entrapment of breast cancer tissue microstructures in alginate capsules and their long-term culture under agitation, successfully applied to tissue obtained from 63 breast cancer patients. After one month in culture, the architectural features of the encapsulated tissue microstructures were similar to the original patient tumors: epithelial, stromal and endothelial compartments were maintained with an average of 97 of cell viability compared to day 0. In ERα-positive cases, fibers of collagen, the main extracellular matrix component in vivo , were preserved. ERα expression was retained at gene and protein levels and response to ERα stimulation and inhibition was observed at the level of downstream targets, demonstrating active ER signaling. Conclusions The proposed model system is a new methodology to study ex vivo breast cancer biology, in particular ERα signaling. It is suitable for interrogating the long-term effects of anti-endocrine drugs in a set-up that closely resembles the original tumor microenvironment, with potential application in pre- and co-clinical assays of ERα-positive breast cancer.
Integrative hormone and transcriptome analyses underline the role of abscisic acid in seed shattering of weedy rice
Authors: Lang Hong , He Yuting , Sun Jian , Li Fengcheng , Ma Dianrong
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Weedy rice is one of the most severe weeds in paddy fields, strongly characterized by its high seed shattering level. Abscisic acid (ABA) serves as an abscission-accelerating signal and plays a critical role during abscission. However, mechanisms that link ABA and seed shattering remain elusive. In this study, we compared WR04-6 a shattering, and SN9816 non-shattering rice variety for genetic expression and ABA levels in the abscission zone (AZ) and the spikelet.
Results : ABA content in WR04-6, particularly in AZ, was significantly higher than that in SN9816, and it increased remarkably prior to abscission. Transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR showed that the expression of NCED , the key gene in ABA biosynthesis, coincided with increased ABA content in AZ and increased significantly during the seed shattering process. Additionally, the expression of genes related biosynthesis and metabolism of IAA, GA, and ETH showed the greatest fold change. Phytohormone levels associated with ABA co-expression-prediction revealed a potential signal transduction network among plant hormones involved in regulating seed abscission.
Conclusions: Altogether, our data strongly indicated that ABA contributes to seed shattering and appears to transiently cooperate with other hormones, triggering a hormone imbalance that leads to the downstream activation of AZ
Association between adipokines and thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Zhao Junyu , Wen Jing , Wang Shengnan , Yao Jinming , Liao Lin , Dong Jianjun
Published: April 2020

Background: The incidence of thyroid carcinoma is on the rise all the world. Some studies have suggested that the change of adipokines can even induce thyroid carcinoma. However, other studies have come to the opposite conclusion. Therefore, we studied the relationship between adipokines and thyroid carcinoma.
Methods: Databases—PubMed, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and clinical trial registries were searched. A meta-analysis was performed with sufficiently homogeneous studies. Twenty-nine articles were finally included for analysis.
Results: The level of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [standardized mean difference (SMD) =1.31, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.35 to 2.28, I 2 =98%, P =0.008] and positive rate of tissue’s TNF-α [odds ratios (OR) =11.80, 95% CI: 5.88 to 23.66, I 2 =0%， P <0.00001] in thyroid carcinoma are significantly higher than those in control. The serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with thyroid carcinoma is higher than that in control (SMD=1.04, 95% CI: 0.40 to 1.67, I 2 =96%, P =0.001). No significant difference of the positive rate of IL-6 in tissues between carcinoma and control is found (OR=1.23, 95% CI: 0.62 to 2.43, I 2 =86%, P =0.55). The positive ratio of leptin in tissue is significantly associated with the risk of thyroid carcinoma (OR=12.21, 95% CI: 3.36 to 44.40, I 2 =85%, P <0.00001). However, after analyzing three studies on the expression of adiponectin, no significant difference is found in serum adiponectin level between thyroid carcinoma and the control ( P =0.81).
Conclusions: Adipokines play an important role in the occurrence and development of thyroid carcinoma, especially TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin. However, the effect of adiponectin on thyroid carcinoma needs further research.